bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Encapsulation for Lead Halide Perovskite Films for Efficient and Very Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Yansong , Ye Feihong , Xiao Meng , Wang Haibing , Wang Chen , Liang Jiwei , Hu Xuzhi , Guan Hongling , Cui Hongsen , Ke Weijun , Tao Chen , Fang Guojia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExternal encapsulation technique as a straightforward craft process has been adopted to prevent the infiltration of moisture and oxygen, thereby improving environmental stabilities of lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, irreversible light‐induced degradation originating from various vacancies and ion diffusion or migration inside the device cannot be efficiently solved by external encapsulation. Herein, an internal encapsulation strategy by introducing NbCl5 at the buried tin oxide/perovskite interface and spin‐casting n‐butylammonium bromide on top of perovskite is developed to comprehensively passivate the vacancies and hence block the channels for ion diffusion or migration. The internal encapsulation strategy results in better homogeneous electron transport layer and effective vacancy passivation at the buried interface and simultaneously generates a more homogeneous, better crystallized perovskite in the vertical direction with significantly reduced residual PbI2. Furthermore, fewer oxygen vacancies and formation of ultrathin Nb2O5 lead to a better interfacial energy level alignment for electron transfer. As a result, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resulting PSCs is as high as 24.01%. More importantly, the device demonstrates an excellent stability, retaining 88% of its initial PCE at its maximum power point tracking measurement (under 100 mW cm–2 white light illumination at ≈55 °C temperature, in N2 atmosphere) after 1000 h.
Thinning dynamics of the liquid thread at different stages in a rectangular cross junction
Authors: Wang Xiang , Pang Yan , Ma Yilin , Ren Yanlin , Liu Zhaomiao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlow regime maps are plotted and the universal transitional boundary of squeezing regime and dripping regime is gained when both inertial force and viscous force of the dispersed phase are considered. The neck thinning process within the rectangular channel is divided into three stages according to evolutions of the neck width: two‐dimensional shrinking stage, transitional stage, and collapsing stage. Influences of the flow rates of two phases and the dispersed viscosity on evolutions of the neck width at different stages are explored. Different relations between the neck width and the remaining time are found for the earlier two stages. At the third stage, two physical mechanisms are separated by the dispersed viscosity as the neck width decreases according to wn/W ~ τ2/3 under the inertial regime for both water and 40% glycerol, while the neck width reduces linearly as wn ~ 2(0.0709σ/μd)tr under the viscous regime for 55% glycerol.
Modulating the Electronic Metal‐Support Interactions in Single‐Atom Pt1−CuO Catalyst for Boosting Acetone Oxidation
Authors: Jiang Zeyu , Tian Mingjiao , Jing Meizan , Chai Shouning , Jian Yanfei , Chen Changwei , Douthwaite Mark , Zheng Lirong , Ma Mudi , Song Weiyu , Liu Jian , Yu Jiaguo , He Chi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of highly active single‐atom catalysts (SACs) and identifying their intrinsic active sites in oxidizing industrial hazardous hydrocarbons are challenging prospects. Tuning the electronic metal‐support interactions (EMSIs) is valid for modulating the catalytic performance of SACs. We propose that the modulation of the EMSIs in a Pt1−CuO SAC significantly promotes the activity of the catalyst in acetone oxidation. The EMSIs promote charge redistribution through the unified Pt−O−Cu moieties, which modulates the d‐band structure of atomic Pt sites, and strengthens the adsorption and activation of reactants. The positively charged Pt atoms are superior for activating acetone at low temperatures, and the stretched Cu−O bonds facilitate the activation of lattice oxygen atoms to participate in subsequent oxidation. We believe that this work will guide researchers to engineer efficient SACs for application in hydrocarbon oxidation reactions.
Development of xanthan gum‐based solid polymer electrolytes with addition of expanded graphite nanosheets
Authors: Knuth Rogerio Daltro , Knuth Flávio A. , Maron Guilherme K. , Balboni Raphael D. C. , Moreira Mario L. , Raubach Cristiane W. , Jardim Pedro L. G. , Carreno Neftali L. V. , Avellaneda César O. , Moreira Eduardo C. , Cava Sérgio S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA composite based on natural polymer xanthan gum (XG) and expanded graphite nanosheets (GNs) was prepared for application as a flexible and eco‐friendly solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). To evaluate the ionic conductivity, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed at different temperatures, ranging from 25 to 80°C, reaching high values of 1.1 × 10−3 and 2.43 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature and 40°C, respectively, for the sample containing 0.5% by weight of GNs. Additional characterizations including X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and cyclic voltammetry were implemented to get full structural, morphological and optical relevant features of these samples. The results showed that flexible SPEs based on XG/GNs are very promising and can be used as electrolytes with high potential of application in a wide variety of electrochemical devices.
Revealing the paleolandscape features around the archaeological sites in the northern Nile Delta of Egypt using radar satellite imagery and GEE platform
Authors: Elfadaly Abdelaziz , Shams Ayat Hassan , Elbehery Walid , Elftatry Mahmoud , Wafa Osama , Hiekl Amira M. A. , Wilson Penelope , Silverstein Jay , Abouarab Mohamed A. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEgyptian civilization has long flourished along the banks of the Nile, in the south (e.g. Luxor and Aswan), the Middle (e.g. Giza ‘Great Pyramids’) and North (e.g. San El‐Hagar and Buto), as well as the less populated areas of the Sinai Peninsula, the Western Desert and the Red Sea coast. There are archaeological sites date back to the Palaeolithic period and cover the Pre‐dynastic, Pharaonic, Hellenistic‐Roman, Coptic and Muslim periods. Across the Nile Delta, many of these archaeological sites have disappeared beneath Nile alluvium from the annual inundation or through intensive agricultural use, climate changes and other anthropogenic activities. This study aims to detect the long‐term changes in the landscape of the archaeological area of Burullus on the Mediterranean shoreline in the North Delta of Egypt. By combining data from historic topographic maps with Radar Sentinel‐1 (High‐resolution Level‐1 GRD) and SRTM data, topographic signatures in satellite imagery can be compared with the historic record of archaeological sites, many of which are now lost. Image layering, enhancement and analysis using ENVI 5.1, ArcMap 10.4.1 and Snap 8.0 software as well as Google Earth Pro facilitated the imagery identification and acquisition. The results of this study provide a means of quantifying the significant loss of cultural heritage sites due to anthropogenic and natural changes in the landscape. This analysis has also identified two—previously unknown—potential archaeological sites. Finally, the reconstruction of the paleolandscape of the study area shows the changing relationships of ancient and historic settlements with natural and man‐made waterways over time. Integrating remote sensing data and historic maps offers a method for evaluating paleolandscapes and locating disappeared archaeological sites that can be applied in other areas of Egypt and the world.
Metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetic differences of Qiwei Tongbi oral liquid in rheumatoid arthritis rats
Authors: Qian Mengyu , Gao Xia , Chen Xialin , Wang Jiajia , Gao Huifang , Tang Qi , Cao Liang , Xiao Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQiwei Tongbi oral liquid (QWTB), a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, is widely used to treat arthritis‐related diseases in clinical practice. Currently, in vivo metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetic studies are lacking. This study analyzed the prototype components of QWTB absorbed in the blood and their metabolic transformation process after intragastric administration and compared the differences in pharmacokinetic properties between healthy and rheumatoid arthritis model rats. In sum, 17 prototype components and 21 related metabolites were identified in the plasma and urine of the treated rats. Metabolites were derived from sinomenine and magnoflorine. Through systematic methodology verification, an accurate and stable detection method for sinomenine and magnoflorine in plasma samples was established and applied to pharmacokinetic research of QWTB. At the three dose levels, the AUC0–∞ (area under the curve) of the two components showed a good positive correlation with the dose (R2 > 0.9). Compared with healthy rats, the Tmax, t1/2z, and AUC of sinomenine were markedly increased, and Cmax was decreased in rheumatoid arthritis model rats, indicating that the rate of absorption and elimination rate decreased, but the body exposure increased. However, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of magnoflorine under healthy and pathological conditions. In summary, the main active ingredients of QWTB are sinomenine and magnoflorine, which exhibit linear kinetic characteristics within a set dose range, and the rheumatoid arthritis pathological state is more conducive to the absorption and efficacy of sinomenine. The results of this study demonstrate the rationality of the clinical application of the QWTB.
The positive feedback loop of furin and TGFβ1 enhances the immune responses of Tregs to hepatocellular carcinoma cells and hepatitis B virus in vitro
Authors: Qiu Hua , Wang Na , Lin Dongyi , Yuan Ying , Li Jinyuan , Mao Dewen , Meng Yinjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) can exert immunosuppressive activity. Furin can regulate Treg functions, hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistent infection, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, it remains unknown whether furin can regulate the immune responses of Tregs to HBV and HCC cells. Here, coculture systems of HBV1.3P‐HepG2.3P‐HepG2 cells and Tregs transduced with or without lentiviral particles that could overexpress furin or knockdown furin/transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) were established to investigate the regulatory relationship between furin and TGFβ1 and the effect of furin/TGFβ1 on Treg activity. Also, the effects of furin overexpression or furin/TGFβ1 knockdown in Tregs on the immunological activity of effector T cells (Teffs)/cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and HBV replication/expression were explored in the coculture system of Teff/CTL, Treg, and HBV1.3P‐HepG2 cells. Our results showed that furin expression and TGFβ1 secretion were notably increased in Tregs, and Furin and TGFβ1 formed a positive feedback loop to activate Tregs in the coculture system of Tregs and HBV1.3P‐HepG2 cells. Furin or TGFβ1 knockdown in Tregs promoted Teff cell proliferation, stimulated interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ secretion, and inhibited HBV replication/gene expression in the coculture system of Teff, Treg, and HBV1.3P‐HepG2 cells. Moreover, furin or TGFβ1 depletion in Tregs enhanced the killing activity of CTLs against HBV1.3P‐HepG2 cells and curbed HBV replication/gene expression in the coculture system of Tregs, CTLs, and HBV1.3P‐HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the positive feedback loop of furin and TGFβ1 enhanced the immune responses of Tregs to HCC cells and HBV in vitro.
Completion peripheral angiography in single‐access, Impella‐assisted, high‐risk PCI: Using a buddy microcatheter sheath after MANTA closure for imaging and potential bailout
Authors: Summers Matthew R. , Lavigne Paul M. , Mahoney Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HR‐PCI) is increasingly performed, often with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) provided by devices like the Impella CP. Bleeding and vascular complications remain concerns for HR‐PCI, leading to significantly higher in‐hospital mortality, duration of stay, and cost, which are important considerations in the decisions surrounding MCS support for HR‐PCI. Newly introduced, single‐catheter techniques for Impella‐supported HR‐PCI, along with recent approvals of dedicated large‐bore closure devices (MANTA®‐Vascular Closure Device) may reduce bleeding and vascular complications, but have limitations with regard to completion of peripheral angiography and/or postclosure percutaneous bailout options. The present technique offers a potential solution to these limitations, and describes a buddy microcatheter approach to postclosure management of HR‐PCI with MCS, which was highly successful in a consecutive series of patients at our institution.
Effects of cis/trans‐Configuration and Ligand Substitution of the Cyanidometal Bridge on Metal to Metal Charge Transfer Properties in Mixed Valence Complexes
Authors: Xu Qing‐Dou , Ma Xiao , Zeng Chen , Su Shao‐Dong , Hu Sheng‐Min , Huang Ying‐Ying , Wu Xin‐Tao , Sheng Tian‐Lu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo investigate the effects of cis/trans‐configuration of the cyanidometal bridge and the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge on metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) in cyanidometal‐bridged mixed valence compounds, two groups of trinuclear cyanidometal‐bridged compounds cis/trans‐[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ‐NC)Ru(4,4’‐dmbpy)2(μ‐CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]n(n=2 (cis/trans‐1[PF6]2), 3 (cis/trans‐1[PF6]3), 4 (cis/trans‐1[PF6]4)) and cis/trans‐[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ‐NC)Ru(bpy)2(μ‐CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]3(cis/trans‐2[PF6]3) were synthesized and fully characterized. The experimental results indicate that for these one‐ and two‐electron oxidation mixed valence compounds, the trans‐configuration compounds are more beneficial for MMCT than the cis‐configuration compounds, and increasing the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge is also conductive to MMCT. Moreover, compoundscis/trans‐1[PF6]n(n=3, 4) andcis/trans‐2[PF6]3belong to localized compounds by analyzing the experimental characterization results, supported by the TDDFT calculations.
1,2‐Carboboration of Arylallenes by In Situ Generated Alkenylboranes for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Dienes
Authors: Averdunk Arthur , Hasenbeck Max , Müller Tizian , Becker Jonathan , Gellrich Urs 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe herein report a novel method for the coupling of unactivated alkynes and arylallenes, which relies on an unprecedented and regioselective 1,2‐carboboration of the allene by an alkenylborane. The alkenylborane is conveniently preparedin situby hydroboration of an alkyne with Piers’ borane,i. e., HB(C6F5)2. The boryl‐substituted 1,4‐dienes that are formed by this carboboration are well‐suited for a subsequent Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling with aryl iodides. This allowed us to develop a three‐step, one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of aryl‐substituted 1,4‐dienes. The generality of the reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of twenty dienes with modular variations of all three reaction partners. The mechanism of the new 1,2‐carboboration was investigated using dispersion corrected double‐hybrid DFT computations that allowed us to rationalize the chemo‐ and regioselectivity of this key step.
Orthogonalization of Polyaryl Linkers as a Route to More Porous Phosphonate Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Glavinović Martin , Perras Justin H. , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Lin Jian‐Bin , Shimizu George K. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe coordinative pliancy of the phosphonate functional group means that metal‐phosphonate materials often self‐assemble as well‐packed structures with minimal porosity, as efficient inter‐ligand packing is enabled. Here, we report a multistep synthesis of a novel aryl‐phosphonate linker with an orthogonalized ligand core, 1,3,5‐tris(4’‐phosphonophenyl)‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzene (H6L2) designed to form more open structures. A series of crystalline metal‐phosphonate frameworks (CALF‐35 to ‐39) have been assembled by coordinating to divalent metals (Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Zn). H6L2 is unable to pack efficiently and, as a consequence, yields several distinct microporous structures. The resulting structures are discussed in detail, with a focus on the solid‐state packing of the sterically rigidified linker. Combined with larger cations (Sr, and Ba), H6L2 packs in a parallel‐offset manner, yielding isomorphous and microporous metal‐organic frameworks (CALF‐35 (Sr), and (Ba)). When coordinated to smaller metals (Ca, Mg, Zn), H6L2 forms four new structures. Two Ca MOFs of different stoichiometry, (CALF‐36 and 37) and a Mg MOF CALF‐38 show narrow pores and have high selectivities for CO2 over N2 and CH4. Finally, in CALF‐39 (Zn), H6L2 linkers pack in a herringbone fashion, resulting in a material with 10.9×10.1 Å2 square channels. The stability of all structures was tested, and the most porous structure, CALF‐39 (Zn), was found to retain its structure and gas adsorption after immersion in water over pH 3–11.
A digital twin for simulating the vertebroplasty procedure and its impact on mechanical stability of vertebra in cancer patients
Authors: Ahmadian Hossein , Mageswaran Prasath , Walter Benjamin A. , Blakaj Dukagjin M. , Bourekas Eric C. , Mendel Ehud , Marras William S. , Soghrati Soheil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present the application of ReconGAN, introduced in a previous study, for simulating the vertebroplasty (VP) operation and its impact on the fracture response of a vertebral body. ReconGAN consists of a Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) and a finite element based shape optimization algorithm to virtually reconstruct the trabecular bone microstructure. The VP procedure involves injecting shear‐thinning liquid bone cement through a needle in the trabecular region to reinforce a diseased or fractured vertebra. To simulate this treatment modality, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to predict the morphology of the injected cement within the bone microstructure. A power‐law equation is utilized to characterize the non‐Newtonian shear‐thinning behavior of the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement during injection simulations. The CFD model is coupled with the level‐set method to simulate the motion of the interface separating bone cement and bone marrow. After predicting the cement morphology, a data co‐registration algorithm is employed to transform the CFD model to a high‐fidelity continuum damage mechanics (CDM) finite element model of the augmented vertebra for predicting the fracture response. A feasibility study is presented to demonstrate the ability of this CFD‐CDM framework to investigate the effect of VP on the mechanical integrity of the vertebral body in a cancer patient with a lytic metastatic tumor.
A New Method of Bone Stromal Cell Characterization by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Patel Chirayu , Shi Lihong , Whitesides John F. , Foster Brittni M. , Fajardo Roberto J. , Quillen Ellen E. , Kerr Bethany A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe bone microenvironment cellular composition plays an essential role in bone health and is disrupted in bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and cancer. Flow cytometry protocols for hematopoietic stem cell lineages are well defined and well established. Additionally, a consensus for mesenchymal stem cell flow markers has been developed. However, flow cytometry markers for bone‐residing cells—osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes—have not been proposed. Here, we describe a novel partial digestion method to separate these cells from the bone matrix and present new markers for enumerating these cells by flow cytometry. We optimized bone digestion and analyzed markers across murine, nonhuman primate, and human bone. The isolation and staining protocols can be used with either cell sorting or flow cytometry. Our method allows for the enumeration and collection of hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineage cells in the bone microenvironment combined with bone‐residing stromal cells. Thus, we have established a multi‐fluorochrome bone marrow cell‐typing methodology. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Partial digestion for murine long bone stromal cell isolationAlternate Protocol 1: Partial digestion for primate vertebrae stromal cell isolationAlternate Protocol 2: Murine vertebrae crushing for bone stromal cell isolationBasic Protocol 2: Staining of bone stromal cellsSupport Protocol 1: Fluorescence minus one control, isotype control, and antibody titrationBasic Protocol 3: Cell sorting of bone stromal cellsAlternate Protocol 3: Flow cytometry analysis of bone stromal cellsSupport Protocol 2: Preparing compensation beads
Efficient task scheduling in cloud environment
Authors: Singh Rana Robin , Gupta Nitin 
Published: March 2022

SummaryCloud computing is the provision of on‐demand computing resources over the internet and on a pay‐as‐you‐go basis, ranging from software to computation power. Task scheduling and its execution is a fundamental requirement of cloud environment. However, dynamic scheduling of tasks on basis of priority is a challenging area such that the tasks finish before their deadline. Earliest Deadline First (EDF) has been considered in literature for task scheduling to meet the deadlines. However, basic EDF (i.e., which schedules tasks on basis of deadline only)is not suitable for cloud environment. Therefore, this work proposes modified Preemptive EDF (p‐EDF) and Non‐Preemptive EDF (np‐EDF) algorithms considering task priority and cloud provider cost. As both algorithms have their own merits and de‐merits, a hybrid EDF is further proposed which makes decision dynamically whether to cause preemption or not, using a Determiner function. The objective of the work is to avoid unnecessary wastage of CPU power and time due to unnecessary preemptions, along with avoiding unnecessary deadline misses such that the high priority task does not wait for the low priority task to end. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other considered benchmark scheme for different performance parameters such as Deadline Miss Count, Preemption Count and average waiting time.