bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of shalgam residuals as a partial wheat flour substitution in tarhana production as a green food product
Authors: Tanguler Hasan , Tatlısoy Aslıhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effects of powders obtained from substitute shalgam residues (bulgur flour and turnip) on tarhana quality and the conformations of some properties were evaluated for the first time by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Fermented turnip and bulgur flour were obtained by extracting the drinkable shalgam from traditional production. These were then dried in a freeze dryer at −100°C at 0.01 mbar pressure to obtain fermented turnip powder and bulgur flour powder and used in the production of tarhana at different rates. The use of shalgam residual powders as a substitute for wheat flour caused a significant increase in the general composition and functional, physical, and sensory properties of tarhana. The amount and type of powder substitute caused a decrease in the viscosity index and flow behavior index, which are viscosity indicators for foods. According to the Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) data, the strong band at which the maximum absorbance is obtained is 2924/cm, which is mainly due to the N–H stretching of amide. It was observed that the tarhanas were grouped according to the type and/or amount of powder and an important distinction. According to the sensory analysis, it has been determined that the most preferred sample in terms of color, taste, smell, and general impression is the A6 trial 850 g wheat flour +150 g fermented bulgur flour powder. Therefore, according to the data obtained, it can be said that ≥50 g shalgam residues can be used in the production of various foods with high added value, especially tarhana.Practical applicationsThis is the first research on the use of shalgam residues (bulgur flour and turnip) in the formulation of tarhana or another food. As the use of shalgam residue powders instead of wheat flour, even in small amounts, provides a significant increase in dry matter, ash, total acidity level, total phenolic substance, anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, water holding capacity, and foam holding capacity in tarhana, the use of residues in different foods and beverages will help to increase the specified properties. These residual powders also can be used to change the flow properties of various foods as well as to improve the sensory (especially color) properties of various fermented foods by incorporating them into the formulation.
Microbiological and physicochemical properties of farm bulk tank milk and antimicrobial resistance of its dominant bacteria
Authors: Ozdikmenli Tepeli Seda , Zorba Murat , Yalman Musa , Bilgucu Ertuğrul , Demirel Zorba Nükhet Nilüfer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study determined the antibiotic resistance of the dominant bacteria in the 85 farm BTMs according to the guidelines recommended by the epidemiological cutoff values in the EUCAST. In addition, some physicochemical and microbiological properties of farm BTMs were investigated. The milk samples were divided into two groups according to their SCC values. The milk samples with higher SCC than 400,000 cells mL−1 were further examined bacteriologically, and the antibiotic resistance of isolates was determined. The average TAMB value was 6.34 log CFU/mL in farm BTM. It was found that high‐SCC values did not affect other physicochemical properties of BTM samples, such as fat, protein and total solids, except for lactose content. Seventy‐two strains were isolated from 45 bulk milk samples. The most prevalent bacteria were Enterococcus spp. (23.61%). The other isolates were Citrobacter spp. (12.5%), Staphylococcus spp. (12.51%), Serratia spp. (11.12%), Klebsiella spp. (9.72%), Bacillus spp. (9.72%), and Enterobacter spp. (8.33%). In antibiotic resistance analysis, 52.6% of Enterobacterales isolates showed cefoxitin resistance, and nine Enterobacterales isolates were determined as the presumptive ESBL producers. None of them was confirmed as ESBL producers. Moreover, MDR was detected in 83.3% of Enterobacter spp. isolates and all Bacillus spp. isolates. The over and inappropriate use of antibiotics in mastitis treatment may cause antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms in milk. It was found that 52.7% of the isolated bacteria were MDR, which could pose a risk to public health and food safety, with the consumer's increasing interest in consuming raw milk.
The NAC transcription factor ONAC083 negatively regulates rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae by directly activating transcription of the RING‐H2 gene OsRFPH2‐6
Authors: Bi Yan , Wang Hui , Yuan Xi , Yan Yuqing , Li Dayong , Song Fengming 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTNAC transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in plant immunity by modulating the expression of downstream genes via binding to specific cis‐elements in promoters. Here, we report the function and regulatory network of a pathogen‐ and defense phytohormone‐inducible NAC TF gene, ONAC083, in rice (Oryza sativa) immunity. ONAC083 localizes to the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity that depends on its C‐terminal region. Knockout of ONAC083 enhances rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae, strengthening pathogen‐induced defense responses, and boosting chitin‐induced pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), whereas ONAC083 overexpression has opposite effects. We identified ONAC083‐binding sites in the promoters of 82 genes, and showed that ONAC083 specifically binds to a conserved element with the core sequence ACGCAA. ONAC083 activated the transcription of the genes OsRFPH2‐6, OsTrx1, and OsPUP4 by directly binding to the ACGCAA element. OsRFPH2‐6, encoding a RING‐H2 protein with an N‐terminal transmembrane region and a C‐terminal typical RING domain, negatively regulated rice immunity against M. oryzae and chitin‐triggered PTI. These data demonstrate that ONAC083 negatively contributes to rice immunity against M. oryzae by directly activating the transcription of OsRFPH2‐6 through the ACGCAA element in its promoter. Overall, our study provides new insight into the molecular regulatory network of NAC TFs in rice immunity.
Ontogenetic Variation in Blade Toughness May Contribute to the Spread of Turbinaria ornata Across the South Pacific
Authors: Betancourt Austin M. , Fenwick Ileana F. , Howard Hunter B. , Long Alexys E. , Fong Peggy , Barber Paul H. , Fong Caitlin R. 
Published: October 2022

Coral reefs are shifting from coral to algal‐dominated ecosystems worldwide. Recently, Turbinaria ornata, a marine alga native to coral reefs of the South Pacific, has spread in both range and habitat usage. Given dense stands of T. ornata can function as an alternative stable state on coral reefs, it is imperative to understand the factors that underlie its success. We tested the hypothesis that T. ornata demonstrates ontogenetic variation in allocation to anti‐herbivore defense, specifically that blade toughness varied nonlinearly with thallus size. We quantified the relationship between T. ornata blade toughness and thallus size for individual thalli within algal stands (N = 345) on seven fringing reefs along the north shore of Moorea, French Polynesia. We found that blade toughness was greatest at intermediate sizes that typically form canopies, with overall reduced toughness in both smaller individuals that refuge within the understory and older reproductive individuals that ultimately detach and form floating rafts. We posit this variation in blade toughness reduces herbivory on the thalli that are most exposed to herbivores and may facilitate reproduction in dispersing stages, both of which may aid the proliferation of T. ornata.
The Influence of Host Specificity and Temperature on Bacterial Communities Associated with Sargassum (Phaeophyceae) Species
Authors: Li Huan , Li Jing‐Jing , Gao Tian‐Heng , Bi Yuan‐Xin , Liu Zheng‐Yi 
Published: October 2022

Host‐related microbiota are critically important for the adaptation/acclimation of hosts to changing environments, but how environmental factors and host characteristics shape the microbial communities remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of temperature on habitat‐forming macroalgae and their associated bacterial communities. Three Sargassum species (S. horneri, S. fusiforme, and S. thunbergii) and seawater samples were sampled in Gouqi Island, China, and these macroalgal samples were incubated at different temperatures (10, 20, and 27°C) for 7 d. Bacterial communities were identified from the 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 regions. The algae‐associated bacterial communities of the field samples were significantly different from seawater, implying host specificity. During laboratory incubation, decreased physiological status (photosynthetic rate and oxidative stress response) was detected for all the species at 10°C, especially with regard to S. horneri and S. fusiforme. For each host, associated bacterial communities at 20 and 27°C clustered closely, and these were separated from samples at 10°C based on constrained PCoA analyses. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed that algae‐associated bacterial communities were more affected by host species (23.3%) than by temperature (2.48%) during laboratory incubation. The changes in bacterial community composition may be influenced by algae metabolites, which should be tested in a future study. These results further contribute to our understanding of algal microbiome changes in response to environmental changes.
A self‐supervised monocular depth estimation model with scale recovery and transfer learning for construction scene analysis
Authors: Shen Jie , Yan Wenjie , Qin Shengxian , Zheng Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstimating the depth of a construction scene from a single red‐green‐blue image is a crucial prerequisite for various applications, including work zone safety, localization, productivity analysis, activity recognition, and scene understanding. Recently, self‐supervised representation learning methods have made significant progress and demonstrated state‐of‐the‐art performance on monocular depth estimation. However, the two leading open challenges are the ambiguity of estimated depth up to an unknown scale and representation transferability for a downstream task, which severely hinders the practical deployment of self‐supervised methods. We propose a prior information‐based method, not depending on additional sensors, to recover the unknown scale in monocular vision and predict per‐pixel absolute depth. Moreover, a new learning paradigm for a self‐supervised monocular depth estimation model is constructed to transfer the pre‐trained self‐supervised model to other downstream construction scene analysis tasks. Meanwhile, we also propose a novel depth loss to enforce depth consistency when transferring to a new downstream task and two new metrics to measure transfer performance. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of scale recovery and representation transferability in isolation. The new learning paradigm with our new metrics and depth loss is expected to estimate the monocular depth of a construction scene without depth ground truth like light detection and ranging. Our models will serve as a good foundation for further construction scene analysis tasks.
Divine and Human Love in the Philosophy of Miklos Vetö (1936‐2020)
Authors: Tóth Beáta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring recent decades there has been an upsurge of studies exploring the nature and conditions of human love. This article examines an original and consciously Christian approach by the Hungarian‐French philosopher, Miklós Vetö, who builds his innovative account of love on trinitarian foundations (Court traité sur l'amour, L'Harmattan, 2020). His ‘expanded’ metaphysics lays bare the theological content of philosophical assumptions, and it also rethinks traditional theological themes in a novel conceptual way. Our survey proceeds in three consecutive steps. First, it reflects on the overall shape of Vetö's project and on his distinctive view of the relationship between the philosophical and the theological enterprise. Second, it investigates some key concepts of Vetö's (uncompleted) philosophy of God and central elements of his conception of divine love. Third, it examines Vetö's phenomenological analyses of various forms of human love in order to outline the pivotal building blocks of his novel approach, which, however, provokes further questions and invites one to revitalise both the theological and the philosophical quest for a better understanding of this ceaselessly intriguing topic.
Epistemic bootstrapping as a failure to use an independent source
Authors: Fernández‐Vargas Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe problem of epistemic bootstrapping requires explaining, in a principled manner, why a subject who engages in bootstrapping fails to know the conclusion of her reasoning. Existing proposed solutions to the problem provide unsatisfactory explanations regarding the bootstrapper's ignorance. This paper puts forward a novel solution and argues that it satisfactorily explains the ignorance of the bootstrapper, while avoiding the difficulties that other proposals face. Section 1 explains what epistemic bootstrapping is, defines the problem it poses for a theory of knowledge, and outlines the basic desiderata demanded of any acceptable solution to the problem. Section 2 explicates the proposal I defend throughout the rest of the paper. Here, I contend that the wrong−making feature of bootstrapping which ultimately explains the bootstrapper's ignorance is a failure to use an independent source in checking the accuracy of the reports of a given source. I call this explanation the “Independence proposal.” Section 2 also argues that the phenomenon of bootstrapping is broader than is usually assumed; there are cases of bootstrapping that do not fit the superficial structure of the prototypical cases discussed in the literature, and any good proposal should apply to these as well. Section 3 argues that the independence proposal does better than other current proposals in fulfilling the desiderata identified in Section 1. Section 4 sums up the central contributions of the paper.
Insights into the Ultrafast Photodissociation Dynamics of Isoprene‐Derived Criegee Intermediates
Authors: Antwi Ernest , Packer Niamh A. , Ratliff Jordyn M. , Marchetti Barbara , Karsili Tolga N. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIsoprene is the most abundant nonmethane volatile organic compound emitted into the troposphere by terrestrial vegetation. Reaction with ozone represents an important isoprene removal process from the troposphere and is a well‐known source of Criegee intermediates (CIs), which are reactive carbonyl oxides. Three CIs, formaldehyde oxide (CH2OO), methyl vinyl ketone oxide (MVK‐oxide) and methacrolein oxide (MACR‐oxide) are formed during isoprene ozonolysis. All three CIs contain strongly absorbing ππ* states, electronic excitation, which leads to dissociation to form aldehyde/ketone + oxygen products. Here, we compare the excited state chemistry of CH2OO, MVK‐oxide and MACR‐oxide in order to ascertain how increasing molecular complexity affects their photodynamics. In CH2OO, vertical excitation to the S2 state leads to prompt O‐O bond fission with a unity quantum yield. Branching into both the O (1D) + H2CO (S0) and O (3P) + H2CO (T1) product channels is predicted, with 80% of trajectories dissociating to form the former product pair. Analogous vertical excitation of the lowest energy conformers of MVK‐oxide and MACR‐oxide also undergoes O‐O bond fission to form O + MVK/MACR products—albeit with a nonunity quantum yield. In the latter case, ca. 10% and 25% of trajectories remain as the parent MVK‐oxide and MACR‐oxide molecules, respectively. Additionally, at most only 5% of the dissociating trajectories form O (3P) + MVK/MACR (T1) products, with a greater fraction forming O (1D) + MVK/MACR (S0) products (cf. CH2OO). This latter observation coupled with the greater fraction of undissociated trajectories aligns with the bathochromic shift in the electronic absorption of the MACR‐oxide and MVK‐oxide (cf. CH2OO). We discuss the implications of the results in a broader context, including those that are relevant to the atmosphere.
Life cycle environmental impacts of consumer packaging products in Japan
Authors: Pragati Pooja , Maeda Yasunobu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral Japanese companies and the government are recently promoting a plastic ban and imposing a tax levy to curb litter and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This has led to a rapid rise of nonplastic packaging alternatives. While plastics and litter are pressing concerns, it is paramount to examine environmental risks of other alternatives before wide application and legislative action, to not further the risk of environmental damage. This study aims to quantify and compare plastic products such as polyethylene‐terephthalate (PET) bottles and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) bags with widely available alternatives in Japan like glass bottles, aluminum bottles, paper bags, and textile bags, to find a product with the least environmental impact. A life cycle assessment is conducted from a cradle‐to‐grave environmental impact approach that includes raw material extraction, production, transportation, end‐of‐life treatment, and disposal. Sixteen impact categories including climate change, acidification, aquatic‐toxicity, so forth, and weighing is assessed using the MiLCA software. The functional unit is one piece of each packaging product, and impacts of product‐filling, storage, recycling, and reuse are excluded for a consistent comparison. HDPE bags performed better than paper and textile bags in 15 of the 16 analyzed impact categories. Similarly, PET bottles outperformed aluminum and glass bottles in 12 out of the 16 impact categories analyzed. Weighted results also highlight the heightened negative environmental impacts of replacing plastic packaging with widely available alternatives.
Exploring acceptable risk in engineering and operations research and management science by bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanni , Duan Zhengxiao , Shu Pan , Deng Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs the decision‐making basis for “safety” in risk management and risk assessment activities, acceptable risk has always been an important topic of risk‐related research. Based on the records in the Science Citation Index Expanded database and Social Sciences Citation Index database via the Web of Science Core Collection, 1124 articles or reviews related to acceptable risk in engineering and operations research and management science were retrieved. These documents, published between 1961 and 2021, covered 3056 authors, 75 countries/territories, 1296 institutions, and 323 journals. In this study, bibliometric data such as annual growth trends were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Through the co‐occurrence maps created by CiteSpace and Gephi, the most productive and influential countries/territories, institutions, and authors as well as their cooperation networks were identified. Further analysis was conducted to determine the core publications and publication sources in this field through co‐citation analysis. Insights into focus areas and research topics over time were obtained through keyword co‐occurrence analysis. This study provides a macroscopic overview of acceptable risk research and may help researchers better understand this research field and predict its dynamic directions.
Geographic location or experience: Using PRISM to understand how people seek flood risk information
Authors: Stephens Keri K. , Tich Kendall P. , Carlson Nancy H. , Doucet Cassidy S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFlooding is increasing worldwide, and with climate change, people need help understanding these changing conditions and that their flood risk may also change. This study extends the planned risk information seeking model (PRISM) into the flood risk domain and examines the antecedents that explain flood risk information seeking behavior. Using a survey reflective of the population in the state of Texas (N = 1079), this study includes an operationalization of risk perception specific to the complexity of floods and explores two key moderators in the PRISM model. Findings suggest that using PRISM to elaborate flood risk information seeking behaviors explains 48% of the variance in information seeking intent and 37% of the variance in affective risk perception. Using multigroup modeling, the findings also reveal that simply living in an area at high risk for floods does not significantly impact any relationships in the model. However, having experience with flooding increases the strength of risk perception paths—in particular, perceived probability of flood risk—and better explains flood risk information seeking. Suggestions for how to use communication to influence risk perceptions and information seeking, as well as future directions for research, are also discussed.
From doing to leading: PGY‐1 to PGY‐2 transition
Authors: Blair Rachel A. , Eldam Alla M. , Ramani Subha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundClinical trainees experience several professional transitions throughout their career, which can be exciting, anxiety‐provoking or both. The first to second post‐graduate year (PGY) transition for residents (junior doctors) in North America involves assuming new roles such as team leader, clinical supervisor, and teacher, often with minimal preparation. We explored resident experiences and emotions during this transition, and obtained their strategies for navigating this transition, through the lens of Bridges' transition model. This model has three stages: (1) ending, losing and letting go, (2) the neutral zone and (3) the new beginning.MethodsWe conducted one in‐person focus group and subsequent one‐on‐one virtual semistructured interviews (due to COVID‐19) of PGY‐2 and PGY‐3 residents who had previously undergone the transition. These sessions were recorded and transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed.FindingsFour residents participated in the focus group, and 14 participated in one‐on‐one interviews. We identified five key themes: (1) not just a cog in the wheel, (2) contributing to growth of near‐peers, (3) being flexible and adaptive, (4) emulating resident role models and (5) relationships with attendings. Residents suggested a transitions‐focused retreat, simulation training to lead clinical emergencies, supervised opportunities for PGY‐1s to act as PGY‐2s coached by senior residents, and pairing PGY‐1s with senior residents to help prepare for the transition.ConclusionProfessional transitions are both anxiety‐provoking and exciting. Clinical trainees need preparation to successfully navigate multiple transitions. The Bridges' transition model could be useful in conceptualising transitions and planning curricula.