bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vorticity Shedding and Acoustic Resonance Excitation of a Square Tube Array: Effect of Flow Approach Angle
Authors: Mohany Atef , Alziadeh Mohammed , Hassan Marwan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the vorticity shedding and the susceptibility of acoustic resonance excitation for a square tube array with an intermediate tube spacing (i.e., pitch-to-diameter ratio (P/D) of 1.73). The tube array could be rotated about an axis normal to the flow direction so that the effect of the flow approach angle could be investigated. Various Strouhal periodicities (St) were detected, and their strength and value were dependent on the position measured within the tube bundle and the tube bundle's angular orientation. However, not all of the Strouhal periodicities measured caused self-excitation of acoustic resonance. This work illustrates the importance of considering the flow approach angle in the heat exchanger design phase to avoid the undesirable effects of acoustic resonance excitation during operation.
Study of Radium Behavior in Contact With Calcium-Silicate-Hydrates
Authors: Kittnerová Jana , Drtinová Barbora , Štamberg Karel , Deissmann Guido , Lange Steve , Evans Nick 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Radium-226 is an important radionuclide with respect to the long-term safety of repositories for low and intermediate-level radioactive wastes, as well as deep geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. To evaluate its mobility in the engineered barrier system of a repository, the sorption of radium on calcium-silicate-hydrates (CSH), which form the major hydration phases in cementitious materials, was studied. Radium sorption to CSH was found to be very fast, leading to steady-state between solid and liquid phase after less than four days. The dependency of the equilibrium distribution ratios on radium concentration, the calcium to silicon ratio in CSH, liquid to solid ratio, and temperature was investigated, and estimates of apparent activation energy, reaction enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of the sorption process were derived. Radium sorption on CSH can be described by linear isotherms with Rd values mostly in the order of 104 L/kg. Radium sorption was found to be an exothermic and spontaneous reaction probably governed by chemical reaction rather than diffusion. As expected, the presence of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) at low concentrations led only to a small decrease in radium sorption, due to the strong competition of dissolved calcium for EDTA complexation. A comparison of the sorption behavior of various alkaline earth elements used as chemical analogs for radium confirmed the significant difference in the Rd values with sorption on CSH decreasing in the order Ra &gt; Ba &gt; Sr.
On Numerical Modeling of Fiber Deformation and Destruction under Impact Load
Authors: Petrov I. B. , Vasyukov A. V. , Beklemysheva K. A. , Onuchin E. S. , Tovarnova N. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The motion, deformation, and destruction of a thin fiber under the action of a transverse shock load are numerically simulated. The fiber is described by the equations of Rakhmatulin’s theory. The system of dynamic equations is solved using the finite-difference method. The parameters for the model can be obtained directly from impact loading experiments, so the dependence of the material properties on the strain rate can be taken into account. Numerical results for aramid fibers under impact load are presented. Loading modes with and without fiber breakage are considered. A direct comparison of the numerical and experimental data is presented. A good agreement between them is demonstrated. The resulting validated numerical model of a single fiber can further be used to describe a fabric material as a system of interacting fibers.
On Derivation of Equations of Electrodynamics and Gravitation from the Principle of Least Action, the Hamilton–Jacobi Method, and Cosmological Solutions
Authors: Vedenyapin V. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In classical texts, equations for fields are proposed without derivation of right-hand sides. Below, the right-hand sides of the Maxwell and Einstein equations are derived within the framework of the Vlasov–Maxwell–Einstein equations from a classical, but slightly more general principle of least action and Hamilton–Jacobi equations are used to obtain cosmological solutions.
Thermomechanical response of kaolin clay–concrete interface in the context of energy geostructures
Authors: Hashemi Amirhossein , Sutman Melis , Abuel-Naga Hossam 
Published: August 2022

The analysis and design of energy geostructures are mainly characterised by the mechanical behaviour of the soil–structure interface in non-isothermal conditions. In this study, direct shear tests are conducted to investigate the shear behaviour of soil and soil–structure interface in the practical temperature range of energy geostructures (i.e., 8–45 °C). The interface in this study is formed of kaolin in contact with concrete specimens with different roughness. Tests are performed on normally consolidated and overconsolidated interfaces following the unloading/reloading paths to better understand the impact of thermal strain on the interface behaviour. The volumetric response of the interface is observed to be highly influenced by the thermal strains experienced during heating/cooling. The soil stress level and the most recent soil stress history are identified as the primary determinants of thermally induced changes in interface shear strength. For normally consolidated interfaces, the temperature increase led to higher adhesion and slightly lower friction angle, whereas higher adhesion and identical friction angles were found for tests conducted on cooled specimens. Temperature does not seem to affect the shear strength of overconsolidated interfaces. Finally, a conceptual understanding of the temperature effect on interface shear behaviour is provided by analysing data from the literature.
Deep desulfurization of alkylated oil by alumina adsorbents: characteristics and mechanism study
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Bingjie , Yang Hang , Lu Zhaojin , Liu Wenxia , Bai Zhishan 
Published: August 2022

Deep desulfurization of alkylated oil is the primary problem that has long plagued the petroleum refining industry. In this study, alkaline alumina adsorbent microspheres were synthesized by carbonization–hot oil column pelletization method. The adsorption desulfurization performance of as-synthesized adsorbent and three commercial alumina-based adsorbents were systematically evaluated and compared. The results showed that alkaline alumina adsorbent had the optimal adsorption performance with a saturated adsorption capacity of 8.604 mg/g. Meanwhile, FTIR and sulfur speciation analysis indicated that the alkaline alumina adsorbent could deeply remove various sulfides (methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, hexacarbon sulfide, dibenzothiophene, etc.) from alkylated oil. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics study manifested that the adsorption of sulfide was dominated by chemical adsorption, supplemented by physical adsorption, and accompanied by competitive adsorption among different sulfides. In addition, the regeneration experiment showed that nitrogen (90 °C) could realize the stable regeneration of the alkaline alumina adsorbent. To ensure stable regeneration performance in the industry, it is recommended that the alkaline alumina adsorbent be regenerated once with nitrogen at 90 °C. This study will provide theoretical support for the process optimization of deep desulfurization of alkylated oil and contribute to the high-quality production of clean fuels worldwide.
The efficiency of theCOIgene as a DNA barcode and an overview of Orthoptera (Caelifera and Ensifera) sequences in the BOLD System
Authors: Timm Vítor Falchi , Gonçalves Leonardo Tresoldi , Valente Vera Lúcia Da Silva , Deprá Maríndia 
Published: August 2022

Orthoptera, among the oldest and most numerous insect lineages, is an excellent model for evolutionary studies but has numerous taxonomic problems. To mitigate these issues, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ( COI), standardized with the DNA barcode for Metazoa, is increasingly used for specimen identification and species delimitation. We tested the performance of COI as a DNA barcode in Orthoptera, using two analyses based on intra- and inter-specific distances, barcode gap, and Probability of Correct Identification (PCI); and estimated species richness through Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP). We filtered all sequences of Orthoptera available in Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and used 11 605 COI sequences, covering 1 132 species, 226 genera, and 18 families. The overall average PCI was 73.86%. For 82.2% of genera, the barcode gap boxplots were classified as “good” or “intermediate”, indicating that COI can be effective as a DNA barcode in Orthoptera, although with varying efficiency depending on the need for more information. ABGD and ASAP inferred species richness similar to labels informed by BOLD for the suborders Caelifera and Ensifera. The representation of Orthoptera in the BOLD database and the results of these analyses are discussed.
Marsupial satellite DNA as faithful reflections of long-terminal repeat retroelement structure
Authors: Hayashi Sakura , Honda Yusuke , Kanesaki Etsuko , Koga Akihiko 
Published: August 2022

Long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements, including endogenous retroviruses, are one of the origins of satellite DNAs. However, the vast majority of satellite DNAs originating from LTR retroelements consists of parts of the element. In addition, they frequently contain sequences unrelated to that element. Here we report a novel marsupial satellite DNA (named walbRep) that contains, and consists solely of, the entire sequence of an LTR retroelement (the walb element). As is common with LTR retroelements, walb copies exhibit length variation. We focused on the abundance of copies of a specific length (2.7 kb) in the genome of the red-necked wallaby. Cloning and analyses of long genomic DNA fragments revealed a satellite DNA in which the LTR sequence (0.4 kb) and the sequence of the internal region of a nonautonomous walb copy (2.3 kb) were repeated alternately. The junctions between these two components exhibited the same end-to-end arrangements as those in the walb element. This satellite organization could be accounted for by a simple formation model that includes slippage during chromosome pairing followed by homologous recombination but does not invoke any other types of rearrangements. We discuss the possible reasons why satellite DNAs having such structures are rarely found in mammals.
Renormalization scheme dependence of $$\beta $$-functions in Lorentz-violating quantum field theory
Authors: Karki Sapan , Altschul Brett 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffective quantum field theories that allow for the possibility of Lorentz symmetry violation can sometimes also include redundancies of description in their Lagrangians. Explicit calculations in a Lorentz-violating generalization of Yukawa theory show that when this kind of redundancy exists, different renormalization schemes may lead to different expressions for the renormalization group $$\beta $$
β
-functions, even at only one-loop order. However, the renormalization group scaling of physically observable quantities appears not to share this kind of scheme dependence.
An In-depth Study of Java Deserialization Remote-Code Execution Exploits and Vulnerabilities
Authors: Sayar Imen , Bartel Alexandre , Bodden Eric , Le Traon Yves 
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, an increasing number of applications use deserialization. This technique, based on rebuilding the instance of objects from serialized byte streams, can be dangerous since it can open the application to attacks such as
remote code execution (RCE)
if the data to deserialize is originating from an untrusted source. Deserialization vulnerabilities are so critical that they are in OWASP’s list of top 10 security risks for web applications. This is mainly caused by faults in the development process of applications and by flaws in their dependencies, i.e., flaws in the libraries used by these applications. No previous work has studied deserialization attacks in-depth: How are they performed? How are weaknesses introduced and patched? And for how long are vulnerabilities present in the codebase? To yield a deeper understanding of this important kind of vulnerability, we perform two main analyses: one on attack gadgets, i.e., exploitable pieces of code, present in Java libraries, and one on vulnerabilities present in Java applications. For the first analysis, we conduct an exploratory large-scale study by running 256515 experiments in which we vary the versions of libraries for each of the 19 publicly available exploits. Such attacks rely on a combination of
gadgets
present in one or multiple Java libraries. A gadget is a method which is using objects or fields that can be attacker-controlled. Our goal is to precisely identify library versions containing gadgets and to understand how gadgets have been introduced and how they have been patched. We observe that the modification of one innocent-looking detail in a class – such as making it
public
– can already introduce a gadget. Furthermore, we noticed that among the studied libraries, 37.5% are not patched, leaving gadgets available for future attacks.

For the second analysis, we manually analyze 104 deserialization vulnerabilities CVEs to understand how vulnerabilities are introduced and patched in real-life Java applications. Results indicate that the vulnerabilities are not always completely patched or that a workaround solution is proposed. With a workaround solution, applications are still vulnerable since the code itself is unchanged.
Review–On Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Co, Cu, and Ru for Interconnect Applications
Authors: Barmak Katayun , Gusley Ryan R. 
Published: August 2022

Epitaxial electrodeposition of Co, Cu and Ru is compared and contrasted. The seed layer for electrodeposition of all three metals was an epitaxial Ru(0001) film that was deposited at an elevated temperature onto a sapphire(0001) substrate and annealed post deposition. The epitaxial orientation relationship of the electrodeposited film and the seed layer, the epitaxial misfit strain, the role of symmetry of the seed layer versus the electrodepositing layer is addressed. In addition, the impact of underpotential deposition on film nucleation, and the growth morphology of the films is discussed. It is shown that epitaxial electrodeposition of metallic films to thicknesses of tens of nanometers is readily achievable.
This paper 1189 was presented during the 241st Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, May 29–June 2, 2022.
Modulation of Multichannel Electronic Communication Signal Parameters Based on a Nonlinear Phase Principle
Authors: Zhao Lifang 
Published: August 2022

In order to solve the difficulty of the optical fiber communication system and network as the infrastructure of the global communication network, which is faced with the requirement of large capacity and high speed, the author proposes a method to modulate the parameters of multichannel electronic communication signals based on the nonlinear phase principle. The method includes multichannel electronic communication signal search, multichannel electronic communication signal parameter modulation, and multichannel electronic communication signal automatic acquisition algorithm realization. Experimental results show that under the conditions that the sampling frequency is set to

f
=
8.145

MHz, the length of the C/A code period is set to 1 ms, and the 1 ms data packet contains 8145 sampling points, under the same experimental conditions, the capture probability of this experiment reaches 100% and the traditional algorithm has a capture probability of up to 70%. Modulation of multichannel electronic communication signal parameters based on nonlinear phase principle has a positive guiding role in building a high-speed optical fiber communication system and network with long distance, large capacity, high elasticity, high reliability, and low delay.
Escherichia coli–Specific CXCL13-Producing TFH Are Associated with Clinical Efficacy of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade against Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Goubet Anne-Gaëlle , Lordello Leonardo , Alves Costa Silva Carolina , Peguillet Isabelle , Gazzano Marianne , Mbogning-Fonkou Maxime Descartes , Thelemaque Cassandra , Lebacle Cédric , Thibault Constance , Audenet François , Pignot Géraldine , Gravis Gwenaelle , Helissey Carole , Campedel Luca , Roupret Morgan , Xylinas Evanguelos , Ouzaid Idir , Dubuisson Agathe , Mazzenga Marine , Flament Caroline , Ly Pierre , Marty Virginie , Signolle Nicolas , Sauvat Allan , Sbarrato Thomas , Filahi Mounia , Davin Caroline , Haddad Gabriel , Bou Khalil Jacques , Bleriot Camille , Danlos François-Xavier , Dunsmore Garett , Mulder Kevin , Silvin Aymeric , Raoult Thibault , Archambaud Baptiste , Belhechmi Shaima , Gomperts Boneca Ivo , Cayet Nadège , Moya-Nilges Maryse , Mallet Adeline , Daillere Romain , Rouleau Etienne , Radulescu Camelia , Allory Yves , Fieschi Jacques , Rouanne Mathieu , Ginhoux Florent , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Derosa Lisa , Marabelle Aurélien , Van Dorp Jeroen , Van Dijk Nick , Van Der Heijden Michiel S. , Besse Benjamin , Andre Fabrice , Merad Miriam , Kroemer Guido , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Zitvogel Laurence , Loriot Yohann 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Biomarkers guiding the neoadjuvant use of immune-checkpoint blockers (ICB) are needed for patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC). Profiling tumor and blood samples, we found that follicular helper CD4+ T cells (TFH) are among the best therapeutic targets of pembrolizumab correlating with progression-free survival. TFH were associated with tumoral CD8 and PD-L1 expression at baseline and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures after pembrolizumab. Blood central memory TFH accumulated in tumors where they produce CXCL13, a chemokine found in the plasma of responders only. IgG4+CD38+ TFH residing in bladder tissues correlated with clinical benefit. Finally, TFH and IgG directed against urothelium-invasive Escherichia coli dictated clinical responses to pembrolizumab in three independent cohorts. The links between tumor infection and success of ICB immunomodulation should be prospectively assessed at a larger scale.

Significance:
In patients with bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, E. coli–specific CXCL13 producing TFH and IgG constitute biomarkers that predict clinical benefit. Beyond its role as a biomarker, such immune responses against E. coli might be harnessed for future therapeutic strategies.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221
Belly Fat Weakens Immune Fitness
Authors: Conejo-Garcia Jose R. , Curiel Tyler J. 
Published: August 2022

Summary:
Much work has been done to reduce cancer immunosuppression through inhibiting soluble proteins, surface molecules, and suppressive cells. This article shows an important role for the lipid lysophosphatidic acid, whose suppression shows promise as a novel cancer immunotherapeutic, demonstrated in ovarian cancer.
See related article by Chae et al., 1904 (5).
Impact of Device Miniaturization on Insertable Cardiac Monitor Use in the Pediatric Population: An Analysis of the MarketScan Commercial and Medicaid Databases
Authors: Nash Dustin , Katcoff Hannah , Faerber Jennifer , Iyer V. Ramesh , Shah Maully J. , O'Byrne Michael L. , Janson Christopher 
Published: August 2022

Background
Insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) are effective in the detection of paroxysmal arrhythmias. In 2014, the first miniaturized ICM was introduced with a less invasive implant technique. The impact of this technology on ICM use in pediatric patients has not been evaluated. We hypothesized an increase in annual pediatric ICM implants starting in 2014 attributable to device miniaturization.

Methods and Results

A retrospective observational study was conducted using administrative claims from MarketScan Medicaid and commercial insurance claims databases. Use of ICM between January 2013 and December 2018 was measured (normalized to the total enrolled population ≤18 years) and compared with balancing measures (Holter ambulatory monitors, cardiac event monitors, encounters with syncope diagnosis, implantation of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator/pacemaker). Secondary analyses included evaluations of subsequent interventions and complications. The study cohort included 33 532 185 individual subjects, of which 769 (0.002%) underwent ICM implantation. Subjects who underwent ICM implantation were 52% male sex, with a median age of 16 years (interquartile range, 10–17 years). A history of syncope was present in 71%, palpitations in 43%, and congenital heart disease in 28%. Following release of the miniaturized ICM, use of ICMs increased from 5 procedures per million enrollees in 2013 to 11 per million between 2015 and 2018 (
P
<0.001), while balancing measures remained static. Of 394 subjects with ≥1 year of follow‐up after implantation, interventions included catheter ablation in 24 (6%), pacemaker implantation in 15 (4%), and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation in 7 (2%).

Conclusions
Introduction of the miniaturized ICM was followed by a rapid increase in pediatric use. The effects on outcomes and value deserve further attention.
Revealing Unforeseen Diagnostic Image Features With Deep Learning by Detecting Cardiovascular Diseases From Apical 4‐Chamber Ultrasounds
Authors: Cheng Li‐Hsin , Bosch Pablo B. J. , Hofman Rutger F. H. , Brakenhoff Timo B. , Bruggemans Eline F. , van der Geest Rob J. , Holman Eduard R. 
Published: August 2022

Background
With the increase of highly portable, wireless, and low‐cost ultrasound devices and automatic ultrasound acquisition techniques, an automated interpretation method requiring only a limited set of views as input could make preliminary cardiovascular disease diagnoses more accessible. In this study, we developed a deep learning method for automated detection of impaired left ventricular (LV) function and aortic valve (AV) regurgitation from apical 4‐chamber ultrasound cineloops and investigated which anatomical structures or temporal frames provided the most relevant information for the deep learning model to enable disease classification.

Methods and Results
Apical 4‐chamber ultrasounds were extracted from 3554 echocardiograms of patients with impaired LV function (n=928), AV regurgitation (n=738), or no significant abnormalities (n=1888). Two convolutional neural networks were trained separately to classify the respective disease cases against normal cases. The overall classification accuracy of the impaired LV function detection model was 86%, and that of the AV regurgitation detection model was 83%. Feature importance analyses demonstrated that the LV myocardium and mitral valve were important for detecting impaired LV function, whereas the tip of the mitral valve anterior leaflet, during opening, was considered important for detecting AV regurgitation.

Conclusions
The proposed method demonstrated the feasibility of a 3‐dimensional convolutional neural network approach in detection of impaired LV function and AV regurgitation using apical 4‐chamber ultrasound cineloops. The current study shows that deep learning methods can exploit large training data to detect diseases in a different way than conventionally agreed on methods, and potentially reveal unforeseen diagnostic image features.