bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of the preservation of rye genotypes in model conditions
Authors: Zadorozhna O. A. , Yehorov D. K. 
Published: November 2022

Aim. The aim of the work was to establish the impact of rye seed storage in model conditions at seed moisture content of 5–7 % on germination indicators, productivity elements and plant height. Methods. The material for the research were seeds of rye accessions of different genotypes. The seeds used in the experiment were grown in the experimental fields of the Institute of Plant Production naned after V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS (PPI), located in the northern forest-steppe of Ukraine. Laboratory germination was assessed according to the International Seed Testing Associations. Seeds after storage were sown in the experimental field of PPI during the growing seasons 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018 in order to assess the elements of plant productivity. Indicators of temperature and precipitation of the period of seed growing have been recorded. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed by standard methods using Excel. Results. It was found that after 12 months of storage of seeds of different genotypes in model conditions, significant changes in germination were observed only in isolated cases. After storing the seeds for 18 months, a significant reduction in germination was observed for all samples. Conclusions. Seeds of rye accessions with different genotypes in model conditions have different longevity. No significant benefits of seed moisture in the range of 5–7 % for its longevity. No significant stable impact of model storage conditions of experimental accessions of rye on plant height and elements of the structure of productivity in the year of research.
Biogeochemical activity of different phinotypes of Trifolium repens L. to some heavy metals
Authors: Torianyk V. M. , Mironets L. P. , Radko O. V. 
Published: November 2022

Aim. Investigate the general ability of different phenotypes of Trifolium repens L. according to the pattern of white marking on a leaf to the concentration of mobile forms of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Methods. Determination of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content in Trifolium repens L. in soil and leaves was performed by atomic absorption method using ICP-AES analyzer. Collection of leaves and selection of soil samples for research was carried out in 2021 during the period of mass flowering of Trifolium repens L. from randomized areas of pasture. Identification of drawings of white marking on a leaf was carried out according to the method of I. T. Paponova and P. Ya. Schwartzman, using the tables of J. L. Briubecker. To characterize the biogenic migration of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn and biogeochemical features of different phenotypes of Trifolium repens L. used methods developed by I. A Avessalomova. Results. In the sample of leaves of Trifolium repens L. from pasture 5 phenotypes (O, A, AH, BH, С) were found, the genotypes of which are formed by a series of 6 alleles of the V gene. The most common was the phenotype BH, the smallest was the share of the phenotype AH. The highest total ability to concentrate the mobile forms of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn was found by phenotype BH, the lowest – phenotype A. Conclusions. Phenotypes O, A, AH, BH, С differ in biogeochemical activity in terms of the concentration of mobile forms of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. According to the general ability to accumulate these elements, these phenotypes form the following descending order: BH >O >С >AH >A.
Impact of Time Factor on Wall Motion Abnormalities in Patients with STEMI and Underwent Primary PCI
Authors: Khraba Ahmed Hamouda , Alarag Ahmed Farouk , Elsaidy Mona Adel , Kassem Hanan Kamel 
Published: November 2022

Background: Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is the single most accurate predictor of death and one of the most common and lethal consequences after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) that has been substantially decreased by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This research investigated the impact of duration of ischemia on the severity and improvement of wall motion abnormalities after revascularization and 40-day follow-up.
Methods: This study was performed on 60 STEMI patients, treated with 1ry PCI and distributed in two groups; group1: 37 patients presented early before 12h and group II: 23 patients presented late after 12h. Echocardiogram (ECHO) was done for ejection fraction (EF) and resting segmental wall motion abnormalities (RSWMA) detection after revascularization within 24 h of hospitalization and follow up after 40 days.
Results: MI complication showed insignificant difference between both groups. Wall motion score index (WMSI) values in group I were significantly decreased relative to group II during the follow-up period (p=0.001). Major improvement in LV ejection fraction from hospital admission to follow-up (p=0.001) in group I from the beginning of chest pain compared to group II. Correlation between time to wire crossing and WMSI showed significant positive correlation after 40 days in group I (p=0.016) with significant negative correlation with EF after 40 days in group I (p=0.018).
Conclusions: Ischemic patients with ≤ 12 hours symptoms showed a significant degree of recovery from RWMA on follow up after 40 days.
Effect of Cooking on Physicochemical and Microstructural Properties of Chicken Breast Meat
Authors: Alugwu Samson Ugochukwu , Okonkwo Thomas M. , Ngadi Michael O. 
Published: November 2022

The effect of cooking on pH, juiciness, instrumental colour and microstructural properties of chicken breast meat was investigated. Industrial skinless chicken breast meat samples were purchased, frozen and sliced into dimensions , thawed and cooked by air frying (AF), baking (BK), deep fat frying (DF) and grilling (GR) at 170, 180 and 1900C for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 min. The pH value of the cooked samples increased from 6.05 to 6.25. Cooking methods, temperatures and times each resulted to increase in pH. The results of objective sensory instrumental analyses showed that cooking decreased significantly (p < 0.05) juiciness of cooked chicken breast meat. Samples cooked by BK had the highest juiciness value of 24.91%, while DF cooked samples had the least value of 13.89%.The instrumental analyses increased L*, a*, b* values and browning index. The temperature and time of cooking showed similar effects on juiciness and instrumental colour. Short cooking time (8 min) and 1700C resulted in higher juiciness and best appetizing appearance to the consumers. The microstructure studies showed that raw chicken breast meat had an intact muscle fibres and bundles, but cooking caused disintegration of muscle fibres, perimysial – collagen shrinkage and it resulted to drier samples with big cracks/ voids and big surface damages, particularly in AF, BK and GR cooked products at 1900C for 8 min.
Wind Energy Resource Utilization: A Review of Its Necessity, Interception Technology and Implementation Challenges
Authors: Ibrahim H. I. , Ibrahim A. G. , Eichie J. O. , Ige Bori 
Published: November 2022

The continuous use of non-renewable energy sources has caused a lot of harm to the earth’s atmosphere and humans. The need to increase the share of renewable energy in global energy usage has been strongly advocated internationally. In this work, wind energy was presented as a viable renewable energy option. Renewable energy with emphasis on wind energy, wind turbines and its types, the need for it to replace other injurious energy sources and the associated challenges hampering its deployment is a contribution toward the UN advocacy. The potential of wind energy and their technologies in terms of the turbine types: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) including their mix were reviewed. Looking at the pros and cons of both the HAWT and the VAWT, and those of Savonius and Darrieus, it is imperative to strike a balance using their combinations. Such a hybrid offers the benefit of harnessing the gains on either side of the divide. This is the reason attention is being devoted to research and development on combined VAWT in order to optimize the low starting torque of a Savonius with the high-performance coefficient of the Darrieus as the efficiency of VAWT increases when combined together with diverse modifications. With the volume of on-going research targeted at the implementation challenges and various design considerations and practices to solve the problems, it is certain that these impediments will be tackled technologically and policy wise and society will be on its way to better utilization of enormous wind energy resources via interception using wind turbines. The technical challenges on the pathway towards the smooth implementation of wind energy technologies were identified to include output fluctuations and intermittencies; and to which solutions were proffered to include the need for a technology to always align and realign the blade position in a way as to maximally interact with the current prevailing wind direction and another to reinforce the rotors rotational speed with an appropriate speed required to meet up the rated output. It was recommended that attention be devoted to research and development on the combined vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) in order to optimize the high starting torque of the Savonius turbine with the high-performance coefficient of the Darrieus turbine.
The longitudinal relation between violence exposure in daily life, hostile automatic thoughts, and cyber‐aggression
Authors: Zhu Wenfeng , Sun Lindan , Lu Dongxue , Li Chenxing , Tian Xue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCyber‐aggression is a serious social problem worldwide. Its risks have been frequently explored, and violence exposure in daily life has been regarded as an important risk factor of cyber‐aggression. However, the longitudinal association between violence exposure in daily life and cyber‐aggression has not yet been examined, and the mechanisms underlying the link between violence exposure and cyber‐aggression remain largely unclear. Based on the General Aggression Model and Script Theory, we explored the circular relation between violence exposure in daily life, hostile automatic thoughts, and cyber‐aggression. The current study adopted a longitudinal design to address these issues among 941 college students. The results indicated violence exposure in daily life predicted hostile automatic thoughts and cyber‐aggression 6 months later; hostile automatic thoughts predicted violence exposure and cyber‐aggression 6 months later; and cyber‐aggression predicted hostile automatic thoughts and violence exposure 6 months later. Moreover, each of them plays a mediating role in the association between the other two variables. These results support and expand the General Aggression Model and Script Theory that violence exposure, aggressive cognition, and aggression facilitate each other. This also provides theoretical guidance on reducing cyber‐aggression in daily life.
Contrast thresholds for detection of various iodine concentrations in subtraction CT and dual‐energy CT systems
Authors: Heshmat Anahita , Barreto Izabella , Rill Lynn , Liu Sitong , Patel Romin , Arreola Manuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the minimum iodine concentrations detectable in simulated vessels of various diameters for both subtraction computed tomography (CT) and dual‐energy CT systems.MethodsFillable tubes (diameters: 1, 3, and 5 mm) were filled with a variety of iodine concentrations (range: 0–20 mg/ml), placed in the center of 28‐mm cylindrical rods and surrounded with water. Rods with and without fillable tubes were placed in a 20‐cm cylindrical solid‐water phantom to simulate administration of iodine in blood vessels. The phantom was scanned with clinical subtraction CT (SCT) and dual‐energy CT (DECT) head protocols to assess the detection of minimum iodine concentrations in both systems. The SCT and DECT images were evaluated quantitatively with a MATLAB script to extract regions of interest (ROIs) of each simulated vessel. ROI measurements were used to calculate the limit of detectability (LOD) and signal‐to‐noise ratio of Rose criteria for the assessment of the contrast thresholds.ResultsBoth SNRRose and LOD methods agreed and determined the minimum detectable iodine concentration to be 0.4 mg/ml in the 5‐mm diameter vessel for SCT. However, the minimum detectable concentration in the 5‐mm vessel with DECT was 1 mg/ml. The 3‐mm vessel had a minimum detectable concentration of 0.8 mg/ml for SCT and 2 mg/ml for DECT. Lastly, the minimum detectable iodine concentration for the 1‐mm vessel was 10 mg/ml for SCT and 10 mg/ml for DECT.ConclusionIn this phantom study, SCT showed the capability to detect lower iodine concentrations compared to DECT. Contrast thresholds varied for vessels of different diameters and the smaller vessels required a higher iodine concentration for detection. Based on this knowledge, radiologists can modify their protocols to increase contrast enhancement.
The anterior nucleus of the thalamus plays a role in the epileptic network
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Xueyuan , Yu Tao , Ni Duanyu , Qiao Liang , Zhang Xiaohua , Xu Cuiping , Shu Wei , Wang Yuping , Ren Liankun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated both the metabolic differences and interictal/ictal discharges of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) in patients with epilepsy to clarify the relationship between the ANT and the epileptic network.MethodsNineteen patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who underwent stereoelectroencephalography were studied. Metabolic differences in ANT were analyzed using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography with three‐dimensional (3D) visual and quantitative analyses. Interictal and ictal discharges in the ANT were analyzed using visual and time‐frequency analyses. The relationship between interictal discharge and metabolic differences was analyzed.ResultsWe found that patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) showed significant metabolic differences in bilateral ANT compared with extratemporal lobe epilepsy in 3D visual and quantitative analyses. Four types of interictal activities were recorded from the ANT: spike, high‐frequency oscillation (HFO), slow‐wave, and α‐rhythmic activity. Spike and HFO waveforms were recorded mainly in patients with TLE. Two spike patterns were recorded: synchronous and independent. In 83.3% of patients, ANT was involved during seizures. Three seizure onset types of ANT were recorded: low‐voltage fast activity, rhythmic spikes, and theta band discharge. The time interval of seizure onset between the seizure onset zone and ANT showed two patterns: immediate and delayed.InterpretationANT can receive either interictal discharges or ictal discharges which propagate from the epileptogenic zones. Independent epileptic discharges can also be recorded from the ANT in some patients. Metabolic anomalies and epileptic discharges in the ANT indicate that the ANT plays a role in the epileptic network in most patients with epilepsy, especially TLE.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Barrier‐Energy‐Dependent Charge Injection Mechanisms in Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Jang Woongsik , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Wang Dong Hwan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCharge injection is known as the major source of dark current under an applied reverse bias, which directly influences the performance of organic photodetectors with diode architecture. However, it is unclear which of various contributions, such as electron flow through the junction, shunt leakage, thermionic emission, and tunnelling, are dominant. This study investigates the thermionic emission and tunneling models to describe the origin of experimentally measured dark current generated in an organic photodetector. To elucidate the dominant mechanism, the barrier energies at anodic contacts are set from 0.6 to 1.0 eV using photosensitive layers composed of different acceptors. A linear relation is found between the natural logarithm of the dark current density under reverse bias and the square root of the barrier height, which strongly suggests direct tunneling as dominant mechanism for dark current injection. This conclusion is strengthened by temperature dependent dark current analysis. Further knowledge of the dominant mechanism by charge injection can help devise an effective strategy to suppress dark current for effective organic photodetector device implementation.
Multi‐Level Bioinspired Microlattice with Broadband Sound‐Absorption Capabilities and Deformation‐Tolerant Compressive Response
Authors: Li Xinwei , Yu Xiang , Zhao Miao , Li Zhendong , Wang Zhonggang , Zhai Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOwing to the omnipresent noise and crash hazards, multifunctional sound‐absorbing, and deformation‐tolerant materials are highly sought‐after for practical engineering design. However, challenges lie with designing such a material. Herein, leveraging the inherent mechanical robustness of the biological cuttlebone, by introducing dissipative pores, a high‐strength microlattice is presented which is also sound‐absorbing. Its absorption bandwidth and deformation tolerance are further enhanced by introducing another level of bioinspiration, based on geometrical heterogeneities amongst the building cells. A high‐fidelity microstructure‐based model is developed to predict and optimize properties. Across a broad range of frequencies from 1000 to 6300 Hz, at a low thickness of 21 mm, the optimized microlattice displays a high experimentally measured average absorption coefficient of 0.735 with 68% of the points higher than 0.7. The absorption mechanism attributes to the resonating air frictional loss whilst its broadband characteristics attribute to the multiple resonance modes working in tandem. The heterogeneous architecture also enables the microlattice to deform with a deformation‐tolerant plateau behavior not observed in its uniform counterpart, which thereby leads to a 30% improvement in the specific energy absorption. Overall, this work presents an effective approach to the design of sound and energy‐absorbing materials by modifying state‐of‐the‐art bioinspired structures.
Rapid Gelation of Tough and Anti‐Swelling Hydrogels under Mild Conditions for Underwater Communication
Authors: Pi Menghan , Qin Shanhe , Wen Sihan , Wang Zhisen , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Min , Lu Honglang , Meng Qingdang , Cui Wei , Ran Rong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSwelling is ubiquitous for conventional hydrogels but is not favorable for many situations, especially underwater applications. In this study, an anti‐swelling and mechanically robust polyacrylic acid (PAAc)/gelatin composite hydrogel is reported with a rapid gelation process (101 s) under mild conditions via the synergy of MXene‐activated initiation and zirconium ion (Zr4+)‐induced cross‐linking, without the requirement of external energy input. The MXene is found efficient to activate the chain initiation, while the Zr4+ is prone indispensable for facilitating the cross‐linking of formed polymer chains. The resulting hydrogel exhibits integration of exceptional anti‐swelling properties and high mechanical performance at room temperature, thanks to the dense hydrogen bonds between PAAc and gelatin chains that enable an upper critical solution temperature above room temperature. Also, desirable electrical conductivity emerges in the hydrogel due to the simultaneous contribution of MXene and Zr4+, allowing stable electrical signal output of the gel upon deformation underwater. As a demonstration, an underwater communicator by harnessing the gel as a sensing module is assembled, which is capable of wirelessly delivering messages to the decoder on the ground via Morse codes. This study provides an exemplary way for the rapid gelation of tough and anti‐swelling hydrogels for durable underwater applications.
Interfacial and Interphasial Chemistry of Electrolyte Components to Invoke High‐Performance Antimony Anodes and Non‐Flammable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Qujiang , Cao Zhen , Ma Zheng , Zhang Junli , Wahyudi Wandi , Liu Gang , Cheng Haoran , Cai Tao , Xie Erqing , Cavallo Luigi , Li Qian , Ming Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrolytes play a pivotal role to determine the electrode performances in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, understanding the function of electrolyte components at the molecular scale remains elusive (e.g., salts, solvents, and additives), particularly how they arrange themselves and affect properties of the bulk, liquid‐solid interfaces, and electrolyte decomposition, rendering a bottleneck for improving the electrolytes. Herein, the function of electrolyte components is thoroughly studied, from Li+ solvation structure in the bulk electrolyte, Li+ (de‐)solvation behaviors at the electrolyte‐solid interfaces, until the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (i.e., SEI) layer on the electrodes. Furthermore, a detailed model by taking into account the effects of solvent, additive, lithium salt, and concentration on the electrochemical properties of the Li+‐solvent‐anion complex to elucidate the electrode performances are depicted. As the ultimate benefit of this study, a completely new non‐flammable ether‐based electrolyte and stabilizing the promising antimony (Sb) anodes can be designed. Remarkably, a high‐performance Sb anode that is superior to previous reports is obtained. This study provides a graphical model to unravel interfacial and interphasial behaviors of electrolyte components in LIBs, which is also significant for developing other metal‐ion batteries.
Evaluating the Impact of a Biomimetic Mechanical Environment on Cancer Invasion and Matrix Remodeling
Authors: Micalet Auxtine , Pape Judith , Bakkalci Deniz , Javanmardi Yousef , Hall Chloe , Cheema Umber , Moeendarbary Emad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe stiffness of tumors and their host tissues is much higher than most hydrogels, which are conventionally used to study in vitro cancer progression. The tumoroid assay is an engineered 3D in vitro tumor model that allows investigation of cancer cell invasion in an environment that is biomimetic in terms of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and stiffness. Using this model, the change in matrix stiffness by epithelial colorectal cancer cells is systematically characterized by atomic force microscopy indentation tests. Less invasive epithelial cancer cells stiffen the tumor microenvironment while highly aggressive epithelial cancer cells show significant softening of the tumor microenvironment. Changes in stiffness are attributed to both cell‐generated active forces as well as ECM degradation and remodeling. The degradation is in part attributed to the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as demonstrated by the significant expression of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 at both gene and protein levels. Targeting MMP activity through broad‐spectrum drug inhibition (BB‐94) reverses the changes in stiffness and also decreases cancer cell invasion. These results promote the idea of using mechano‐based cancer therapies such as MMP inhibition.