bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of RAB7 Relates To Neuronal Pyroptosis After Spinal Cord Injury In Rat
Authors: Liu Chao , Wang Qianliang , Li Sunao , Chen Xueshi , Huang Xinqi , Yan Jun , Shan Haiyan , Zhang Mingyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Rab7 belongs to the Ras small GTPase superfamily, and the abnormal expression of Rab7 can cause neuropathy and lipid metabolism disease. However, the regulatory mechanism was not explicitly clear. Studies show that its plays crucial role inner membrane translocase. However, the role of Rab7 on the regulatory mechanisms of cell survival is still unknown. We performed a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model to explore the cellular localization and expression of Rab7 after SCI in this study. Western blot has found that Rab7 was expressed in the spinal cord tissue. On the first day, it significantly increased, then decreased at 48 h, and on the third day reached a peak after SCI. what important is that Rab7 was colocalized with neurons. Furthermore, Western blot was also demonstrated that the pyroptosis-related protein (GSDMD , Caspase-1, ASC) expression attained the peak after the third-day post-injury. Importantly, the immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that Rab7 was completely colocalized with ASC in the neuron after SCI. These results suggested that Rab7 was colocalized with the neurons and involved in the pyroptosis of neurons and closely related to the spinal cord after injury.
Genetic Diversity And Population Structure of Zymoseptoria Tritici Populations of Southern Ethiopia Using SSR Markers
Authors: Kassia Messele Molla , Tesfaye Kasahun , Haileselassie Teklehaimanot , Mekonnen Tilahun , Dessalegn Obssi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The fungal disease Zymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria tritici blotch, which is one of the most serious challenges to wheat production in Ethiopia and around the world. Understanding the pathogen's genetic structure is critical for developing and implementing effective management methods. Therefore, the present study targeted to explore the genetic structure of 51 Z. tritici isolates collected from four wheat producing zones of South and Southwestern parts of Ethiopia using nine microsatellite markers. In all of the examined isolates, a Z. tritici specific diagnostic marker that targets the ITS rDNA had amplified a predicted fragment size of 345bp. The number of alleles, gene diversity, and polymorphic information content per locus ranged from 9 to 14, 0.80 to 0.88, and 0.70 to 0.87, respectively, indicating a significant degree of genetic variety within populations. The results of an analysis AMOVA revealed a moderate (0.14) genetic differentiation, with 86 percent of total genetic variability (3.93) occurring within populations. Due to the existence of considerable gene flow, the dendrogram produced by UPGMA and PCoA also revealed a moderate population clustering in which the populations were not clearly clustered according to their sample areas. Furthermore, population structure analysis using a Bayesian model loosely grouped the population into five (K) sub-groups with substantial genetic mixing. The populations of the Kembata-Tembar and Hadiya zone have higher genetic variability than the other populations studied, and hence can be considered STB hot sites for future research on pathogen dynamics, germplasm screening, and host-pathogen interactions.
Heterogeneous Adaptive Behavioral Responses May Increase Epidemic Burden
Authors: Espinoza Baltazar , Swarup Samarth , Barrett Christopher , Marathe Madhav 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) constitute the front-line responses against epidemics. Yet, the interdependence of control measuresand individuals' microeconomics, beliefs, perceptions and health incentives, is not well understood. Epidemics constitute complex adaptive systems where individual behavioral decisions drive and are driven by, among other things, the risk of infection. To study the impact of heterogeneous behavioral responses on the epidemic burden, we formulate a two risk-groups mathematical model that incorporates individuals' behavioral decisions driven by risk perceptions. Our results show a trade-off between the efforts to avoid infection by the risk-evader population, and the proportion of risk-taker individuals with relaxed infection risk perceptions. We show that, in a structured population, privately computed optimal behavioral responses may lead to an increase in the final size of the epidemic, when compared to the homogeneous behavior scenario. Moreover, we find that uncertain information on the individuals' true health state may lead to worse epidemic outcomes, ultimately depending on the population's risk-group composition. Finally, we find there is a set of specific optimal planning horizons minimizing the final epidemic size, where these depend on the population structure.
Influence of Various Additives On The Fermentation Quality And Bacterial Community of High-Moisture Whole-Plant Quinoa Silage
Authors: Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Wang Siran , Zhao Jie , Dong Dong , Shao Tao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To explore the potential of whole-plant quinoa (WPQ) as a high-protein source for livestock feed, this study evaluated the effects of additives on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of high-moisture WPQ silage. High-moisture WPQ was ensiled either untreated (control) or treated with cellulase (E), molasses (M), LAB inoculant (L), a combination of cellulase and LAB inoculant (EL), and a combination of molasses and LAB inoculant (ML). The fermentation quality and bacterial community after 60 days of ensiling were analyzed. Naturally fermented WPQ exhibited acetic acid-type fermentation dominated by enterobacteria, with low lactic acid content (21.1 g/kg DM), and high pH value (6.43) and NH3-N production (182 g/kg TN). Adding molasses alone or combined with LAB inoculant shifted the fermentation patterns toward increased intensity of lactic acid fermentation, lowering the pH value (<4.60), NH3-N content (<130 g/kg TN) and total abundance of enterobacteria (<19%), and increasing the lactic acid content (>61.5 g/kg DM), lactic/acetic acid ratio (>1.42) and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (>70.5%). The results suggested that the lack of fermentable sugar could be the main factor of restricting extensive lactic acid fermentation in WPQ silage. Supplementing fermentable sugar or co-ensiling with materials with high WSC content and low moisture content could be beneficial strategies for producing high-quality WPQ silage.
Erector Spinae Plane Block Improves the Quality of Recovery and Postoperative Pain Management in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery Compared to the Control But Not the Sham Block Group: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wiech Marcin , Piwowarczyk Paweł , Mieszkowski Marcin , Tuyakov Bułat , Pituch-Sala Karolina , Czarnik Tomasz , Kurylcio Andrzej , Czuczwar Mirosław , Borys Michał 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background. The erector spinae plane (ESP) block has recently been shown to effectively alleviate postoperative pain and reduce opioid consumption in breast surgery patients. However, data are still limited concerning the quality of recovery in patients following this procedure.Methods. This study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) performed in a university hospital. We randomly allocated patients to one of three groups: ESP, SHAM, and control (CON). Procedures in the ESP and SHAM blocks were performed ipsilaterally with 0.375% ropivacaine or 0.9% saline (0.4 mL/kg). Our primary outcome was the assessment of the patient’s improvement with quality-of-recovery 40 (QoR-40) a day after surgery. Other outcome assessments included postoperative pain evaluation on the visual analog scale (VAS), 24-hour opioid consumption with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), time to the first opioid demand, and global satisfaction with perioperative treatment. Results. Overall, patients in the ESP group had improved QoR-40 compared to the CON group, 186 [177–193] vs. 175 [165–183] (medians and interquartile ranges). Pain severity was significantly higher in the CON group compared to the ESP group at hours 2 (38 [23–53] vs. 20 [7–32]) and 4 (30 [18–51] vs. 19 [7–25]). Moreover, we observed lower oxycodone consumption after 24 hours with the PCA pump between the ESP (4 [2–8] mg) and the CON (9.5 [5–19]) groups. Patients in the CON group used PCA sooner than those in the ESP group. Participants in the ESP group were more satisfied with treatment than those in the CON group. We found no statistical difference between SHAM and the other groups. Conclusions. Compared to the CON group, the ESP block improved the quality of recovery, alleviated pain intensity, and lowered opioid consumption in patients undergoing breast surgery. However, we did not observe this superiority in comparison with the SHAM group. Trial registration: NCT04726878
Terrestrial Forcing of Marine Biodiversification
Authors: Martin Ronald , Cardenas Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Physical and biological factors have been proposed to account for the long-term development of marine biodiversity through the Phanerozoic Eon. Nutrient availability and primary productivity have, however, received less attention. We demonstrate that the diversification of the major marine faunas during the Phanerozoic was coupled to nutrient runoff from land and the diversification of phosphorus-rich plankton. Nutrient input to the oceans increased dramatically during the Meso-Cenozoic in response to widespread orogeny and peaked repeatedly following the eruption and weathering of phosphorus-rich continental Large Igneous Provinces. Widespread orogeny, forestation, and nutrient runoff during the Permo-Carboniferous was transitional to the Mesozoic and continued during the later Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras with the further tectonism and the spread of angiosperms, modern representatives of which tend to be more nutrient-rich. Early-to-middle Paleozoic diversity was, in contrast, limited by nutrient-poor plankton resulting from less frequent tectonism and poorly-developed terrestrial floras. Our results suggest that biodiversity on geologic time scales is unbounded, provided sufficient nutrients and nutrient-rich plankton are available on optimal timescales.
Fabrication of Graphene Sand Hybrid Using Green Method for Remediation of Lead and Tetracycline Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Graimed Bassim , ali ziad tark abd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of this investigation involved the green synthesis of Graphene Sand Hybrid (GSH) with the sustainable carbon source provided from the pyrolysis of low-quality dates; it was evaluated for its use in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology for treating lead- (Pb) and tetracycline- (TC) contaminated groundwater, as a cost effective and highly reactive material. The GSH thus produced was evaluated by testing its properties through a variety of testing procedures. From these tests the GSHs prepared were proven to be composed of graphene structures on the inorganic sand, with the capacity to treat simulated contaminated groundwater. The experimental experiments of this study were done using batch and continuous mode. In the batch experiments, different factors that affect the sorption process were studied and the sorption data were explained using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, whereas the kinetic process of sorption was ascertained through the use of the three kinetic models (pseudo first- and second-orders and intra particle diffusion). From the results it was evident that the Langmuir model shows a good fit for the sorption data, better than the Freundlich isotherm model does, and the pseudo second-order model shows a better fit for the kinetic data than does the first-order model. The continuous mode was performed employing a series of column experiments. Besides, using the COMSOL Multiphysics software, a solved numerical model was advanced for simulation of the one-dimensional equilibrium conveyance. The results depicted that the GSH can be effective and economically reactive material in PRB.
Effects of Using Siris (Albizia Iebbeck) Foliage in the Diet of Fattening Lambs on Nutrient Digestibility, Blood and Rumen Parameters, Growth Performance, and Meat Quality Characteristics
Authors: Ardeshiri Hadi , Chaji Morteza , Khorasani Omid 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of substitution of Siris foliage with alfalfa forage in the diet of fattening lambs on digestibility, fermentation, and growth performance of fattening lambs. In the present experiment, 27 eight-month-old Arabi lambs (6 ±3 1.3) with an initial weight of 28.8 ± 1.99 kg were used in a completely randomized design. The effect of experimental diets on dry matter intake was not significant; however, had a significant effect on the intake of NDF, ADF, and crude protein (P <0.05). The effect of experimental diets on apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF, ADF, and crude protein was not significant (P <0.05). Ammonia nitrogen concentration, pH, and a total population of ruminal fluid protozoa and blood parameters were not affected by experimental diets. Parameters of fattening performance such as feed intake, live weight changes, feed conversion ratio, some carcass traits such as mean weight and size of carcass parts, and colorimetric indices of muscle tissue in the order of fattening lambs were not affected by experimental diets. The use of foliage of Siris in the diet of fattening lambs as a substitute with part of alfalfa had no adverse effect on the characteristics studied in the present experiment. Therefore, Siris be recommended as part of the diet of fattening lambs.
Salt profile and content in foods prepared in restaurants and bakeries: Analysis of the 2 main urban centers in Cape Verde
Authors: Lopes Edna Duarte , Rodrigues Júlio Monteiro , Monteiro Alzerina Maria Rocha , Soares Janice , Spencer Irina , Lima Maria da Luz , Ribeiro Ailton Luís Lopes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The excessive intake of sodium from salt is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. According to the Noncommunicable Diseases Survey (DNS, N/P), more than 35% of the Cape Verdean population is considered hypertensive. There are no data on the salt content of foods prepared by restaurants and bakeries in Cape Verde.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study with a qualitative-quantitative approach conducted in bakeries and restaurants in the cities of Praia and Mindelo in Cape Verde. A total of 155 questionnaires were administered, and 152 food samples were collected for salt content analysis. The salt content (g/100 g) was determined by evaluating chlorides through titration by the Mohr method. The presence of iodine in the salt was evaluated by a rapid salt iodization test (Iodized Salt Field Test Kit). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The salt content in the foods from the establishments in the 2 cities was compared by the chi-square test.
Results
Most restaurants and bakeries use iodized salt (97%) of national origin (81%), from the islands of Sal (45.6%) and Maio (20.9%). A total of 83.3% of the bakery managers reported following a standard that regulates the amount of salt to be used in bread preparation; 12% of restaurant managers reported following similar standards. Approximately 63.3% of the bread samples had salt contents greater than 1.4 g/100 g. The mean salt content recorded in meals was 1.3 ± 0.5 g/100 g in Praia and 1.4 ± 0.5 g/100 g in Mindelo. Approximately 41% of the meals collected from restaurants in Praia and 55% in Mindelo had a salt content between 5.20 g and 10.83 g.
Conclusions
Restaurants and bakeries in the cities of Praia and Mindelo use salt in a nonstandardized manner, requiring special attention from all stakeholders. The results of this study may contribute to the redesign of salt intake reduction strategies in Cape Verde.
Transcriptome analysis indentifies KRT23 as a immunotherapeutic target in cervical cancer
Authors: Li Xia , Cheng Yanmei , Jia Yanyan , Shi Huirong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignancies in females worldwide. Traditional treatments have been used widely, but the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, new strategies are needed to improve outcomes. Immunotherapy has been used to treat various types of solid tumors. Subtypes of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with the response to immunotherapy, so understanding complexity of TME is pivotal for immunotherapy.Methods: In this study, we used two methods, “ssGSEA” and “xCell”, to estimate the immune profile in CC. R packages “Corrplot” was used to analysis the correlation of immune cells. “ConsensusClusterPlus” was used to cluster CC based on infiltration of immune cells. “Limma” was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and “clusterprofile” was used to perform enrichment analysis. “survival”and “glmnet”was used to construct perdition model. RT-PCR was used to detect Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 23 (KRT23) expression。Cytometric bead arrays and ELISA were used to detect CCL5expression. Transwell assay was used to detect migration of CD8+T cells.Results: We subdivided CC into “hot” and “cold” tumors, in which hot tumors had infiltration of more immune cells and longer survival. Enrichment analyses of DEGs revealed that the number of activated immune signaling pathways was higher in hot tumors. KRT23 showed high expression in cold tumors and its expression was negatively correlated with infiltration of immune cells. In vitro experiments, knockdown of KRT23 expression promoted secretion of CCL5, and promoted recruitment of CD8+T cells. We also constructed a model based on DEGs that had high efficacy for predicting the survival of CC and patients receiving immunotherapy.Conclusion: Our study provides deep insights in infiltration of immune cells into CC. KRT23 may act as an immunotherapeutic target. Our model can predict the prognosis of CC patients and may guide immunotherapy.
Different adaptive strategies of three mangrove species to nutrient enrichment
Authors: Wei Lili , Hong Hualong , Bee Ming Yang , Wu Yangyang , Ndayambaje Patrick , Yan Chongling , Kao Shuh-Ji , Chee Poh Seng , Wang Yuzhe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mangrove species are undergoing environmental changes from nutrient-poor to enrichment due to the large input of external nutrients. The potential difference in adaptive strategies between the slow- and fast-growing species may lead to great changes in species interaction and ecosystem stability. This study aims to test whether the slow-growing species Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and Kandelia obovata Sheue, Liu & Yong sp. nov. are distinctly different from Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. in response to soil nutrient enrichment. With the increase of soil nutrients, L. racemosa shifted from more conservative to more acquisitive strategy, which might be attributed to the increases in specific leaf area, nutrient resorption efficiency and photosynthesis capacity (indicated by the increase of leaf δ13C and unchanged leaf succulence), as well as the relocation of photosynthetic products (indicated by the shift towards fast-growing at the cost of constructive and defense compounds). In contrast, A. corniculatum and K. obovata maintained conservative strategies at any soil nutrient levels with only a slight increase in growth. These findings implied that L. racemosa will be more competitive over the other species in nutrient-rich soils.
The Therapeutic Effects of Human Embryonic Stem Cells-derived Immunity-and-matrix Regulatory Cells on Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Zhou Huisong , Cui Zhao , Wang Hui , Gao Ting-ting , Wang Liu , Wu Jun , Xiong Zu-ying , Hao Jie , Zhao Ming-hui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is a kidney-specific autoimmune disease. Human embryonic stem cells-derived immunity-and-matrix regulatory cells (hESC-IMRCs) have immunoregulatory functions. We hypothesized that hESC-IMRCs might have therapeutic effects on MN and be a potential treatment in clinical practice. Methods Rats of Heymann nephritis were set up by immunization with sheep anti-rat Fx1A serum. hESC-IMRCs were intravenously administrated upon the detection of proteinuria, with 6×106 cells (high-dose) or 3×106 cells (low-dose) in 1 ml every other day. Splenocytes and IMRCs were co-cultured at different times and ratios. Cell types and cytokines were detected by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Proteinuria of rats with Heymann nephritis was reduced remarkably to a level comparable to negative controls, in both low-dose (45.6 vs. 282.3 mg/d, P<0.001) and high-dose (35.2 vs. 282.3 mg/d, P<0.001) hESC-IMRC treatment groups. IgG and C3 deposit, glomerular basement membrane thickness (613.6 vs. 1014.3 nm, P=0.003) and foot process effacement (271.0 vs. 496.4 nm, P<0.001) was alleviated in the kidneys. The proportions of CD4+CD25+ T cells in circulation (7.2 vs. 3.4%, P=0.002) and in spleen (14.9 vs. 10.0%, P<0.001) were increased, the circulating level of IL-10 was increased (42.1 vs. 27.4 pg/ml, P<0.001), and the circulating level of complement C3 was decreased (464.2 vs. 872.7 ng/ml, P=0.010), after hESC-IMRC interventions. IL-10 increased remarkably in the co-culture supernatant of lymphocytes and IMRCs at 48 hours with ratio 10:1. Conclusions The intravenously delivered hESC-IMRCs alleviated proteinuria and kidney injuries of Heymann nephritis, by their immunosuppressive functions through regulatory T cells and IL-10. These pre-clinical results indicate that IMRCs worth careful consideration for human trials in the treatment of MN.
Metabolic Phenotyping of Hand Automatisms In Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Mo Jiajie , Wang Yao , Zhang Jianguo , Cai Lixin , Liu Qingzhu , Hu Wenhan , Sang Lin , Zhang Chao , Wang Xiu , Shao Xiaoqiu , Zhang Kai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Hand automatisms (HA) are common clinical manifestation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. However, the location of symptomatogenic zone in HA as well as the networks involved, are still unclear. Therefore, to have a better understanding, we analyzed interictal [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the patients of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE).Methods: We retrospectively recruited 79 mTLE patients and 18 healthy controls for the analysis. The patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and were seizure free. Based on the HA semiology occurrence, the patients were divided into either unilateral HA (Uni-HA), bilateral HA (Bil-HA) or none HA (None-HA) groups. The group comparison and connectivity within metabolic communities of interictal FDG-PET was analyzed.Results: The metabolic patterns varied for different subgroup. In comparison with the healthy control group, the Uni-HA group had significant differences in extratemporal lobe brain areas, mostly in the ipsilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and middle cingulate cortex (MCC). While in the Bil-HA group, bilateral SMA and MCC areas were differentially affected, whereas in the None-HA group, limited areas with differences were seen. Metabolic network involving HA showed a constrained network embedding of the SMA and MCC. Furthermore, increased metabolic synchronization between SMA and MCC significantly correlated with HA.Conclusion: The metabolic pattern of HA was centered on SMA and MCC brain regions. Therefore, this metabolic cortical network can be considered as the symptomatogenic zone of HA, as increased metabolic synchronization within these two regions was significantly engaged for the representation and modulation of HA.