bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Care Tele-pharmacy Services During COVID-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Exploration of Healthcare Practitioners’ Perceptions
Authors: Isleem Nour , Shoshaa Sadim , Ghalyoun Ahmad Abu , Khatib Mohamad , Naseralallah Lina , Danjuma Mohammed , Saad Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe scope of clinical pharmacy services has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic with the view to mitigating both exposure and spread of the virus. The performance of novel pandemic-driven services such as tele-pharmacy has remained unexplored, until now. To investigate the perceptions of healthcare providers of the impact of tele-pharmacy services provided in critical care units during COVID-19.MethodsA qualitative study of semi-structured interviews conducted with healthcare practitioners who worked in COVID-19 intensive care units and remotely interacted with clinical pharmacists at the Weill Cornell-affiliated Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha Qatar. A random sampling technique was employed to recruit participants, with the resultant interview guide piloted before the commencement of the data collection process. ResultsFrom a total of 129 and 200 Physicians and nurses respectively. 20 interviews were conducted with physicians (n=15), and nurses (n=5). From these interactions, a number of major themes emerged including satisfactory understanding across clinical environment and personnel (physician and nurses) about remote clinical pharmacists’ roles; additional robust feedback on the perception of the remote clinical pharmacy service; an understanding by “frontline” health personnel on the discernible differences between remote and in-person coverage of clinical pharmacists; a reflection by both physicians and nurses on the novel challenges involved in the implementing of such pandemic-driven service; and solutions to overcome these challenges. ConclusionIn this novel qualitative study of pandemic-driven tele-pharmacy service, we found a positive perception amongst healthcare practitioners towards this service; with residual challenges that will need further evaluation by large sampled sized surveys or mixed methods research.
Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Regional Variations of Acquired Valvular Heart Disease Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Between 2016 and 2018 in China
Authors: Lin Hongyuan , Hou Jianfeng , Gong Jiamiao , Wu Yongjian , Zheng Zhe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
AimsTo characterize surgical valvular heart diseases (VHDs) in China and disclose regional variations in VHD surgeries by analyzing the data derived from the Chinese Cardiac Surgery Registry (CCSR).Methods and resultsFrom January 2016 to December 2018, we consecutively collected the demographic information, clinical characteristics and outcomes of 38131 patients undergoing valvular surgery in China. We sought to assess the quality of VHD surgery by examining in-hospital deaths of all patients from 7 geographic regions. Using a hierarchical generalized linear model, we calculated the risk-standardized mortality rate (RSMR) of each region. By comparing VHD characteristics and RSMRs, we pursued an investigation into regional variations. The mean age was 54.4±12.4 years, and 47.2% of the patients were females. Among cases, the number of aortic valve surgeries was 9361 (24.5%), which was less than that of mitral valve surgeries (n=14506, 38.0%). The number of both aortic and mitral valve surgeries was 6984 (18.3%). A total of 4529 surgical VHD patients (11.9%) also underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 2.17%. The lowest RSMR, 0.91%, was found in the southwest region, and the highest RSMR, 3.99%, was found in the northeast.ConclusionAlthough the overall valvular surgical mortality rate in large Chinese cardiac centers was in line with developed countries, there were marked regional variations in the characteristics and outcomes of surgical VHD patients across China.
Development &amp; Evaluation of an Unconscious Bias Course for the National Research Mentoring Network
Authors: Javier Damaris , Solis Linda , Paul Mirabelle Fernandes , Thompson Erika L. , Latif Zainab , Stinson Katie , Ahmed Toufeeq , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Maynard Grace 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
PurposeIncreased awareness and mitigation of one's unconscious bias is a critical strategy in diversifying the Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) and biomedical disciplines and workforce. Greater management of unconscious bias can enhance diverse recruitment, persistence, retention, and engagement of trainees. The purpose of this study was to describe the development and evaluation of an asynchronous course on unconscious bias and the potential effect it may have on healthcare and STEMM. The course was created with biomedical and healthcare practitioners and students in mind. MethodA five-part, asynchronous Unconscious Bias Course was developed and was hosted on a national mentoring platform starting in July 2020. To evaluate program reach, the authors assessed the demographics of participants using the training and evaluated participant responses to a post-test assessment using qualitative methods. ResultsOverall, 977 people registered for the training and 42% completed all modules. In the post-tests, participants reflected on their unconscious biases in their lived experiences and how it relates to actions, judgements, external factors, stereotypes, and un-intentionality. Participants also reflected on microaggressions, their impact on the recipients and others, and the relationship between microaggressions and unconscious bias. Participants reported four key strategies used by allies against unconscious bias: immediately acting (83%), reflection (46%), improving the organizational culture (30%), and individual-level ally-ship (44%). Strategies for self-awareness included: reflection, pausing/breathing, and self-observation.ConclusionThe evaluation of the Unconscious Bias Course showed participants understood the underpinnings of the training. This course, and its suite of offerings, support a nationwide effort to mitigate bias and prepare individuals to be culturally competent in a diverse society in order to foster a STEMM and biomedical environment that caters to individuals' success and diversification of these fields.
Effects of Post-Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Sanctions on the Nutritional Status and Food Security of Pregnant Women and Their Families (2017-2020)
Authors: Gohari Morteza , Khosravi Maryam , Jamali Jamshid , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid , Ranjbar Golnaz , Khorramrouz Fatemeh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background & Objective: Sanctions against a country could be a shock to the country's economy for a specific period. Iran has been subject to various sanctions for the past 40 years, and these sanctions have been intensified since 2011. Unprecedented sanctions were imposed on Iranians after the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement, and a disastrous economic situation is the outcome of this international issue. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of this situation on the nutritional status and food security of pregnant women and their families.Materials and Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires of SINA electronic health record system (SINAEHR®) for 19 comprehensive health centers in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Data were collected using the census method, and 266,182 pregnant women were investigated. Data analysis was performed using Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE). Results: Weight gain during pregnancy (P<0.001) and birth weight of the newborns (P<0.047) significantly decreased during the sanctions. Conclusion: According to the results, there has been a significant reduction in the two variables of weight gain in pregnant women and newborns birth weight, which confirms the debilitative effects of sanctions on the nutritional status and health of pregnant women and infants in Iran.
Channel Estimation For The Multiuser Multipanel Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output System
Authors: Ghadiri Abbas , Atashbar Mahmoud , Feghhi M. Mohassel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
By increasing the number of antennas, the size and weight of massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) become much larger and heavier, respectively. To deal with these problems, the 3GPP standardization group captured the multipanel in New Radio communications. Channel estimation is needed for accurate uplink signal recovery and downlink precoding of massive MIMO. Due to the use of hybrid structure and the nonuniform distribution of the antenna arrays, the conventional channel estimation methods cannot be used in multipanel massive MIMO. In this paper, we propose the channel estimation for the millimeter-wave multipanel MIMO systems in multiuser environments, in which the channel estimation problem is transformed to an angular domain block sparse signal recovery problem. In the following, we solve the obtained sparse model using the proposed generalized block orthogonal matching pursuit method. Also, the proper pilot sequence is designed in the proposed method. Finally, we check the accuracy of the proposed estimation algorithm, which simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed method compared to that of the classic method.
Does Skeletal Muscle Loss and Sarcopenia Predispose Patients for the Development of a Paraconduit Hernia After Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy? – A Propensity Matched Case-control Study
Authors: Hietaniemi Henriikka , Järvinen Tommi , Ilonen Ilkka , Räsänen Jari 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundParaconduit hernia is a relatively common long-term complication after esophagectomy which has the potential to cause great morbidity and even mortality. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and muscle mass loss and paraconduit hernia after minimally invasive esophagectomy in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients who have received neoadjuvant treatment.MethodsAll minimally invasive esophagectomies done for patients with neoadjuvant-treated esophageal or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma at our institution between 2008 and 2018 were included in this study. Propensity score matching was utilized to minimize confounding effects of retrospective data analysis. Computed tomography scans were used to measure skeletal muscle mass and to quantify sarcopenia.ResultsThe incidence of paraconduit hernia was 14 out of 171 patients (8.2%). The hernia was surgically repaired in 10 (71.4%) of patients. A total of 23 (82.1%) patients in the matched group were sarcopenic before start of neoadjuvant treatments, 22 (78.6%) after neoadjuvant treatments and 24 (85.7%) at 6 months of follow-up. Skeletal muscle area, skeletal muscle index or prevalence of sarcopenia had no correlation with paraconduit hernia developement. Using the median change of skeletal muscle area between pre-neoadjuvant and 6 months follow-up visit as a threshold to divide the patients into two equal size groups yielded no significantly different survival curves using Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.6).ConclusionParaconduit hernia is a relatively common complication after minimally invasive esophagectomy for neadjuvantly treated adenocarcinoma patients. Sarcopenia and muscle mass loss are not predictive factors for paraconduit hernia.
Measurement Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in the Form of Convolutional Neural Networks for Cervical Lordosis on Lateral Radiographs
Authors: Fujimori Takahito , Suzuki Yuki , Kita Kosuke , Kanie Yuya , Takenaka Shota , Kaito Takashi , Ukon Yuichiro , Watabe Tadashi , Kido Shoji , Okada Seiji 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although cervical alignment is important for evaluating spine disorders, manual measurement is time-consuming and burdensome. We aimed to validate the usefulness of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of convolutional neural networks for automated measurement of lordosis on lateral cervical x-rays. We included 4546 cervical x-rays from 1674 patients. For all x-rays, a well-experienced spine surgeon labeled the caudal endplates of C2 and C7, the data for which were used as ground truth. The accuracy of AI measurements was tested by 5-fold cross-validation and by comparison with measurements obtained by 2 surgeons. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the AI model in 5-fold cross-validation was 3.6° ± 5.5° at the C2–C7 angle, and the model took 206 seconds to measure 4546 x-rays. The MAE for measurement of 416 radiographs of 168 randomly selected patients was 3.3° ± 3.8° for the AI model, 3.9° ± 3.4° for Surgeon 1, and 3.8° ± 4.7° for Surgeon 2. Thus, the AI model had a significantly smaller error than Surgeon 1, and its error was not significantly different from that of Surgeon 2.In conclusion, AI can assist in routine medical care and can be helpful in research that measures large numbers of images.
Ocular Emergencies Visits after Corneal Transplantation at a Tertiary Eye Care Hospital of Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlMudhaiyan Tariq , AlAmry Mohammed , Khandekar Rajiv , Al-Ghadeer Huda A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the profile of patients with post-keratoplasty complications and their presentation at an emergency center. Design: Retrospective one-armed cohort study. Methods: Data were evaluated on patients who underwent corneal grafts in 2019 and presented to an emergency unit. Data were collected on patient demographics, presenting symptoms, clinical details, diagnosis at emergency visit, final diagnosis, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation and at the last follow up after management. Severe visual impairment (SVI) and graft rejection were tested for correlations to other factors. Results: The study sample was comprised of 149 eyes of 124 patients with a mean age of 27.5 years. Keratoconus was indicated for keratoplasty in 94 (75.8%) patients. The main presenting symptoms were pain 57 (38.3%) and red eye in 52 (34.9%) patients. The median interval between emergency visit and keratoplasty was 1.6 years. There were 63 (42.3%) patients who had emergency visits due to suture-related problems. The rates of SVI and graft rejection at the time of discharge after managing emergencies in eyes with previous keratoplasty were 14.1% (95% CI 8.5; 19.7) and 13.4 (95% CI 7.9; 18.9) respectively. Keratoconus (OR = 22.8) and young age (P<0.001) were negatively associated to SVI after management. Conclusion: Patients with keratoplasty are at high-risk for severe vision loss and should be counselled to seek urgent eye care for early detection and management of sight threatening complications to improve graft survival and vision.
The spatial distribution and Calculator for Severity and Death for COVID-19
Authors: Monteiro Camila Nascimento , Mafra Ana Carolina Cintra Nunes , Vieira Regis Rodrigues , Cavalcante Denise de Fátima Barros , Miraglia João Luiz , Bonfim Daiana , Palacio Danielle da Costa , Martins Alessandra Cristina Ferreira , de Lima Ruchelli França , Duim Etienne Larissa , de Almeida Leticia Yamawaka , Belotti Lorrayne , Martins Renata Soares , Neto João Peres 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Latin America has one of the highest COVID-19 mortality rates in the world, driven by inequality in its population. We aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and factors associated with the risk of SARS and death in COVID-19 cases using routine record data and to develop and validate a prognostic tool for risk of death by Covid-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to April 2021 in the South Zone of the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil, with 16,061 positive cases of COVID-19. The data were -obtained from the records of the Brazilian Ministry of Health notification systems for flu-like syndrome (eSUS-VE) and hospitalized SARS (SIVEP-Gripe). The spatial distribution of the cases is represented in 2D kernel density. To assess the possible factors associated with the outcomes, generalized linear and generalized additive logistic models were adjusted. To assess the discriminatory power the C-statistic was used. A calculator was developed based on a prognostic model for the risk of death, validated with accuracy measures in the sample, internal validation and temporal validation. Results: The average age of patients was 42.1 years. Evolved to SARS 925 (11.98%) and 375 (2.37%) died. The comorbidities associated with a higher risk of SARS were obesity (OR=25.32) and immunodepression (OR=12.15). The comorbidities associated with a higher risk of death were renal diseases (OR=11.8) and obesity (OR=8.49), with clinical and demographic information being more important than the spatial area. The COVID-19 risk of death calculator showed an accuracy of 92.2% in the sample build, 92.3% in the internal validation and 80% in the temporal validation.Conclusions: Age and comorbidities were identified as the most associated factors to the severity of the disease. For the death analysis, the socioeconomic condition is included in addition to these factors. The calculator can be used and implemented in services of varying complexity because it contains easily accessible information to guide prevention and care.
Chemically Defined Elicitors Activate Priming in Tomato Seedlings
Authors: Kharat Kiran R. , Pottathil Raveendran 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important crop that possesses about 35,000 genes. The treatment of plants with elicitors or pathogen attacks causes a cascade of defense reactions. The regulation of metabolic pathways by multigene families at transcriptional and translational levels leads to activation or inhibition of various signaling pathways. We investigated tomato responses to the BamFXTM solution containing Zn and Cu elicitors and report the results of comparative transcriptome analysis of tomato seeds treated with Zn and Cu elicitors. The seeds were treated with optimum concentrations of Bam-FX solutions and subjected to cold methanolic extraction methods to obtain the secondary metabolites produced within them at different time intervals post-Bam-FX treatment. The metabolite mixture was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). In transcriptome sequencing, GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the majority of the DEGs in BamFx-treated tomato was associated with primary and secondary metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, TF regulation, transport, and responses to stimuli.
Results:
The secondary metabolites found in the BamFX treated tomato seedlings - Esters of Fumaric acid, Succinic acid, thiocyanic acid, octadecanoic acid, benzoic acid, hexenoic acid, heptanoic acid, Nicotinic acids, carbamic acid and Diethylmalonic acid. The transcript levels of most auxin transporter-encoding genes changed significantly in the BamFX-treated seedlings (e.g., Solyc01g007010.3, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase). The gene Solyc07g061720.3 for Gibberellin 2-oxidase and the Phorbol-ester/DAG-type domain-containing protein (Solyc02g068680.1) associated with the intracellular signalling genes were found upregulated in the BamFx-treated seeds. Also, we identified six upregulated genes involved in the protein kinase activity signalling pathways in the BamFX-treated seedlings. The time-dependent effect of the BamFX (1:500 for 60 min) was found to be regulating many signal transduction pathways. Abscisic acid signalling pathway genes (Solyc09g015380.1) were upregulated in BamFX-treated (1:500 for 60 min) plants.
Conclusion:
This study identified many candidate genes for future functional analyses and laid a theoretical foundation for an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the BamFx treatment of tomatoes to improve stress resistance.
A Simple and Rapid Method to Assess the Quality of River Water: Correlation Between Electrical Conductivity and Fecal Coliform Density in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Horiguchi Hanna , Shigemura Katsumi , Kitagawa Koichi , Kitakawa Madoka , Nakazawa Minato , Noyori Tatsuhiko , Inoue Motomu , Moriwaki Michika , Onishi Reo , Yoshimura Chisato , Kobayashi Mayumi , Suzaki Toshinobu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This is a report regarding the development of a simple survey method for monitoring water pollution in the Toga River in Kobe City, Japan. This river is popular with local citizens as a water park, and especially in the summer, various activities are introduced to encourage children to play in the river. However, in recent years, contamination by fecal coliforms, probably caused by the accidental influx of domestic wastewater, often limits children from playing in the water. From May to October 2019, water samples were collected from five locations in the Toga River and the concentration of fecal coliforms was measured, along with the electrical conductivity and the chloride ion concentration of the river water, to establish a method for estimating the fecal coliform density (FCD) as a quicker alternative to a culture test. By comparing these parameters with the actual density of fecal coliforms, a high correlation was found between the electrical conductivity and FCD. On the other hand, there was almost no correlation between FCD and the chloride concentration. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the method that uses the electrical conductivity as an estimating parameter. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine the performance of the ROC curve algorithm. The calculated AUC value stayed high, above 0.95, over a wide range of threshold values of FCD, suggesting that this rapid method is appropriate for assessing the quantity of contaminating fecal coliforms in the range of 300–2,000/100 mL.