bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the clinical utility of the patient‐identified most bothersome symptom measure from PROMISE‐2 for research in migraine prevention
Authors: Lipton Richard B. , Goadsby Peter J. , Dodick David W. , McGinley James S. , Houts Carrie R. , Wirth R. J. , Kymes Steve , Ettrup Anders , Østerberg Ole , Cady Roger , Ashina Messoud , Buse Dawn C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the utility of the novel patient‐identified (PI) most bothersome symptom (MBS) measure from PROMISE‐2, a phase 3 trial of eptinezumab for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine.BackgroundRelief of bothersome migraine symptoms can influence satisfaction with treatment and therapeutic persistence. Understanding the impact of preventive treatment on a PI‐MBS could improve clinical decision‐making.MethodsIn PROMISE‐2, patients with chronic migraine received eptinezumab 100, 300 mg, or placebo administered intravenously every 12 weeks for up to 2 doses (n = 1072). PI‐MBS was an exploratory outcome requiring each patient to self‐report their MBS in response to an open‐ended question. At baseline and week 12, patients rated overall improvement in PI‐MBS. The relationships among PI‐MBS at week 12 and change in monthly migraine days (MMDs) from baseline to month 3 (weeks 9–12), Patient Global Impression of Change at week 12, and changes from baseline to week 12 in the 6‐item Headache Impact Test total, EuroQol 5‐dimensions 5‐levels visual analog scale, and 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey component scores were assessed.ResultsTreatment groups had similar baseline characteristics and reported a total of 23 unique PI‐MBS, most commonly light sensitivity (200/1072, 18.7%), nausea/vomiting (162/1072, 15.1%), and pain with activity (147/1072, 13.7%). Improvements in PI‐MBS at week 12 correlated with changes in MMDs (ρ = −0.49; p < 0.0001) and other patient‐reported outcomes. Controlling for changes in MMDs, PI‐MBS improvement predicted other patient‐reported outcomes in expected directions. The magnitude of the standardized mean differences between placebo and active treatment for PI‐MBS were 0.31 (p < 0.0001 vs. placebo) and 0.54 (p < 0.0001 vs. placebo) for eptinezumab 100 and 300 mg, respectively.ConclusionsImprovement in PI‐MBS at week 12 was associated with improvement in other patient‐reported outcome measures, and PI‐MBS may be an important patient‐centered measure of treatment benefits in patients with chronic migraine.
A comparison between alkali‐activated slag/fly ash binders prepared with natural seawater and deionized water
Authors: Ren Jie , Sun Hongfang , Li Qun , Li Zhenming , Zhang Xiaogang , Wang Yanshuai , Li Linfei , Xing Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this research, the effects of natural seawater (SW) on the properties of alkali‐activated slag/fly ash (AASF) are studied. AASF prepared with deionized water is set as the reference mixture. The results showed that the use of natural SW resulted in a prolonged setting time and lower heat release, but no obvious impact on the flowability of AASF specimens. The long‐term compressive strength became higher when SW was used, whereas the corresponding flexural strength and fractural toughness turned lower. The use of SW induced the formation of new products that were not identified in the reference mixture, such as Cl–hydrocalumite and gypsum. In addition, it is evidenced that the dissolution of fly ash (FA) particles was significantly delayed with the incorporation of SW. All these results were related to the various ions introduced by the natural SW and their interactions with the alkaline activator as well as the precipitation of salts on slag and FA surfaces or in the matrix.
Synthesis of non‐agglomerating submicron/nano‐Yb2Si2O7 powders by a carbon‐coated coprecipitation method
Authors: Liu Jingting , Luo Zhixin , Yang Jinxing , Oh Yoonsuk , Wu Zhen , Sun Luchao , Wang Jingyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe herein report a novel carbon‐coated coprecipitation method to synthesize non‐agglomerating submicron/nano‐β‐Yb2Si2O7 powders. Yb(C2H3O2)3·4H2O and silica sol (alkaline) were chosen as the ytterbium source and silicon source, respectively. A carbon surface layer is processed using sucrose as carbon source to hinder the contact and sintering of β‐Yb2Si2O7 particles during heat treatment under a protective atmosphere, and then the carbon layer could be completely removed by inletting air at 900°C during cooling process. The as‐synthesized Yb2Si2O7 powders demonstrate an average size of 271 nm with a narrow distribution of 142–531 nm. The results show that the carbon layer could successfully solve the severe agglomeration or sintering of nanometer β‐Yb2Si2O7 particles during the calcination process. The as‐developed carbon‐coated coprecipitation technique is an effective method to fabricate high purity submicron/nano‐Yb2Si2O7 powders.
Transcriptome profiling and RNA interference reveals relevant detoxification genes in Monochamus alternatus response to (+)‐α‐pinene
Authors: He Xuanyu , Hao Zhaodong , Li Hui , Xu Tian , Chen Ruixu , Xia Xiaohong , Li Shouyin , Hao Dejun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism of insect resistance to toxic effects of phytochemicals can provide an insight into plant–herbivore interactions. Monochamus alternatus Hope, a main vector of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), prefers to infest masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb) and causes huge economic and environmental losses. α‐Pinene is the primary component of resin produced by masson pine and plays a crucial role in defending against herbivorous insects, but its defensive effects on M. alternatus larvae are barely known. Here, we explored the physiological metabolism in M. alternatus larvae that were fumigated with (+)‐α‐pinene, (‐)‐α‐pinene, β‐pinene, (R)‐(+)‐limonene, myrcene and (‐)‐α‐phellandrene. (+)‐α‐Pinene showed the highest fumigant toxicity to M. alternatus larvae among these monoterpenes, and the fourth instar larvae possessed the highest resistance to this compound at the larval stage. Comparative transcriptome analysis detected 423 up‐regulated and 311 down‐regulated genes in the larvae fumigated with (+)‐α‐pinene, which were mainly related to detoxification, energy and protein metabolism. Among the differentially expressed genes encoding for detoxification enzymes, 14 P450s, 13 UGTs, 1GSTs and 3ABCs were dramatically up‐regulated in the larvae fumigated with (+)‐α‐pinene. Silencing of P450s via RNA interference led to an increased mortality in the larval fumigated with (+)‐α‐pinene. Piperonyl butoxide exposure significantly increased the mortality and inhibited the expressions of P450s, UGTs and ABCs in the larvae fumigated with (+)‐α‐pinene. These results suggested an important role of P450s in the resistance of M. alternatus larvae to (+)‐α‐pinene fumigation, which may facilitate the understanding of terpenoid detoxification in M. alternatus larvae.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of the freshwater tintinnid Tintinnopsis tubuformis Chiang, 1956 (Ciliophora, Oligotrichea) and a proposed synonymization of T. longa nom. corr. Chiang, 1956
Authors: He Jialian , Jiang Jiamei , Agatha Sabine , Pan Hongbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTintinnid ciliates are traditionally identified by their loricae; however, increasing evidence indicates that some lorica features (e.g. its length, spiraled structures) are not reliable. The vast majority of tintinnids inhabit the marine pelagial; merely, about thirty species live in freshwater. In the present study, two morphotypes with similar lorica shapes and opening diameters but deviating lorica lengths were isolated from freshwater samples collected at different water temperatures near Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary, China. The specimens were studied in vivo and after protargol staining, and their phylogenetic placement was inferred from three ribosomal RNA markers; further, cell division was investigated in the short morphotype. Based on the original descriptions, the longer morphotype is identified as Tintinnopsis longa nom. corr. Chiang, 1956, and the shorter one as Tintinnopsis tubuformis Chiang, 1956. Despite distinct differences in the lorica lengths, the identity of the three molecular markers in both morphotypes suggests conspecificity, which is supported by overlapping ranges in the lorica opening diameters and the length‐independent features of the somatic ciliary pattern (e.g. number of kineties). Hence, we synonymized T. longa nom. corr. with T. tubuformis and neotypified the later species.
Dietary tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil as alternative to antibiotics alleviates experimentally induced Eimeria tenella challenge in Japanese quails
Authors: Khan Mashal , Chand Naila , Naz Shabana , Khan Rifat U. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoccidiosis is one of the most common infectious diseases seen in Japanese quails. The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of tea tree essential oil (TTEO) on growth performance and intestinal health of quails in response to Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 250 Japanese quails were divided into five treatments: untreated uninfected (negative control); untreated infected (positive control); infected + Amprolium; infected and 1% TTEO; infected and 2% TTEO. Except negative control, all groups were orally dosed with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella. The results revealed that supplementation of 1% TTEO and treatment of amprolium improved feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio in infected quails compared to the positive control. Similarly, lesion score and mortality was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in quails supplemented with 2% TTEO and amprolium treated birds. Moreover, oocysts counts and histological features of caecum in infected birds were reversed in 1% TTEO and amprolium treatment. The histological findings of amprolium and 1% TTEO supplemented quails showed intact intestinal villi with mild sloughed epithelium. In conclusion, 1% TTEO can be safely used to control coccidiosis in Japanese quails as natural effective compound.
Dietary neutral detergent fibre and lignin contents affect intake, digestibility and digesta retention in captive sloths (Bradypus variegatus)
Authors: de Andrade Gilcifran Prestes , de Albuquerque Priscilla Virgínio , Tschá Mauricéa do Carmo , de Alcântara Silvia Fernanda , de Miranda Maria Eduarda Luiz Coelho , Nascimento Júlio Cézar dos Santos , de Barros Nathália Fernanda Justino , Amorim Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe evaluated food intake, digestibility, digesta retention and digestible energy (DE) intake in four three‐toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus, body mass 2.86 ± 0.10 kg) fed two leaf‐based diets containing different neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin contents. Total dry matter intake (DMI), and intake in relation to body mass and metabolic body weight were higher for the mixed diet with lower NDF content based on Pterondon sp. + Inga sp. (47 g day−1, 16 g kg−1 day−1 and 21 g kg−0.75 day−1) compared to the treatment with higher content of NDF from only Cecropia pachystachya leaves (37 g day−1, 14 g kg−1 day−1 and 18 g kg−0.75 day−1). The digestibility of dry matter (dDM) and neutral detergent fibre (dNDF) were higher in the mixed diet (60% and 61% respectively). There was a higher supply of DE and metabolisable energy (ME) on the mixed diet, at 221 and 199 kJ kg−0.75 day−1, meeting the average energy requirement of 185 kJ ME kg−0.75 day−1 ME estimated for sloths in this study. In contrast, the diet with C. pachystachya generated a deficit of 31 kJ ME kg−0.75 day−1. There was a correlation between DMI and dNDF (r2 = 0.89), and between dNDF and dDM (r2 = 0.98) across treatments. The mean retention times for a liquid and a particle marker were lower on the mixed diet with the higher intake at 133 h (passage rate = 0.75% h−1) and 181 h (0.55% h−1), and longer on the single‐species diet with lower intake at 204 h (0.49% h−1) and 261 h (0.38% h−1). The results suggest that it may be beneficial for sloths to be offered a variety of browse from which they can choose low‐NDF components. Further, we suggest that these sloths perform ‘digesta washing’ to increase the microbial yield in the stomach to maximise the digestion of NDF and dry matter.
Tax evasion and social reputation: The role of influencers in a social network
Authors: Di Gioacchino Debora , Fichera Domenico 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an agent‐based model in which taxpayers ‘live’ in a network and care about their social reputation. Individuals decide whether to pay or to evade taxes considering the expected economic net benefit and the reputational cost from tax evasion. Individuals differ in income and in the weight they attach to social reputation, which is updated by assessing the opinions shared in their reference group. The reference group contains individuals irrespective of their income (integrated society) or it is made up of peers belonging to the same income group (segregated society). We simulate the model in the two alternative settings to find the frequency distribution of taxpayers in a dataset of random networks. The results indicate that, in an integrated society, network conformity is reached and all individuals either evade or pay their taxes. Conversely, a segregated society might generate obstacles to the diffusion of opinions and, as a result, tax evasion and tax compliance might coexist. Lastly, we consider the effects of a social media campaign starring a celebrity financed by a fiscal authority to increase overall tax compliance by exploiting the diffusion dynamics in the network. We show that such a policy is more effective if the diffusion of opinions is not hindered by social segregation. In an integrated society, especially if income inequality is low, a celebrity's endorsement of tax compliance might nudge widespread socially responsible tax behaviour.
State‐society relations and inter‐communal dynamics in conflict: Non‐Muslim minorities in post‐IS Iraq
Authors: Isakhan Benjamin , Gourlay William 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines state‐society relations and inter‐communal dynamics in conflict, focusing on the case study of non‐Muslim minorities in Iraq. It draws on interview data to analyse the lived experiences of Iraq's Yazidis and Christians before, during and after Islamic State (IS) rule. It finds that the attacks by the IS on Iraq's Yazidi and Christian communities not only caused considerable suffering but also led to a renewed crisis of faith in the Iraqi state and a further breakdown in relations with other groups, especially Sunni Arabs. However, Iraq's Yazidis and Christian have also demonstrated remarkable resilience in terms of returning to their ancient homelands and rebuilding their fractured communities. Together, these findings raise further questions about the legitimacy of the Iraqi state in the eyes of its non‐Muslim minorities and the prospects of a peaceful multicultural future for Iraq.
Association between maternal adiposity measures and adverse maternal outcomes of pregnancy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Heslehurst Nicola , Ngongalah Lem , Bigirumurame Theophile , Nguyen Giang , Odeniyi Adefisayo , Flynn Angela , Smith Vikki , Crowe Lisa , Skidmore Becky , Gaudet Laura , Simon Alexandre , Hayes Louise 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMaternal obesity increases pregnancy‐related risks. Women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 are considered to be at risk and should receive additional care, although approximately half will have uncomplicated pregnancies. This systematic review aimed to identify early pregnancy measures of adiposity associated with adverse maternal health outcomes. Searches included six databases, reference lists, citations, and contacting authors. Screening and quality assessment were carried out by two authors independently. Random effects meta‐analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted. Seventy studies were included with a pooled sample of 89,588 women. Meta‐analysis showed significantly increased odds of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with higher waist circumference (WC) categories (1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04, 1.88) and per unit increase in WC (1.31, 95% CI 1.03, 1.67). Women with GDM had higher WC than controls (mean difference [MD] 6.18 cm, 95% CI 3.92, 8.44). WC was significantly associated with hypertensive disorders, delivery‐related outcomes, metabolic syndrome, and composite pregnancy outcomes. Waist to hip ratio was significantly associated with GDM, hypertensive disorders, and delivery‐related outcomes. Fat mass, neck circumference, skinfolds, and visceral fat were significantly associated with adverse outcomes, although limited data were available. Our findings identify the need to explore how useful adiposity measures are at predicting risk in pregnancy, compared with BMI, to direct care to women with the greatest need.
The use of oxytocin to cause cervical dilation for transcervical insemination in nulliparous goats: Improving pregnancy and kidding rates
Authors: Gutierrez Valeria Alvarado , Sánchez‐Dávila Fernando , Ledezma‐Torres Rogelio Alejandro , Peterson Sam , Brenner Estela Garza , Luna‐Palomera Carlos , Vazquez‐Armijo José Fernando , López‐Villalobos Nicolás , Grizelj Juraj 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of oxytocin as a cervical dilator, a study was carried out on nulliparous goats inseminated transcervically at the beginning of the breeding season. One hundred sixteen nulliparous goats with a mean live weight of 33.4 ± 0.68 kg and an age of 13.7 ± 0.37 months were used. The goats were exposed to active bucks of proven fertility for a period of 14 d in order to induce oestrus. One week later, the Ovsynch protocol was applied, which consisted of the application of 20 mg of gonadorelin (Day Zero), 0.075 mg of cloprostenol (Day 7) and of a second dose of 20 mg of gonadorelin applied on Day 9. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed 16 hr later. Three treatments were evaluated: T1 = 50 IU saline, T2 = 25 IU oxytocin; T3 = 50 IU of oxytocin, intravenously applied 10–15 min before AI. The time required to inseminate each treated goat from groups T2 and T3 was 49.56 and 56.25 s, respectively, versus 85.78 s needed for the goats from group T1 (p < .0001). In the T1 group of goats, the insemination catheter was inserted 2.1 cm into the cervical canal and in goats from groups T2 and T3 it reached 3.41 and 3.77 cm into the cervical canal, respectively (p = .02). Pregnancy rates and prolificacy (kids/doe) were higher (p = .02) for groups T2 (82.93%; 1.16) and T3 (76.92%; 1.21) respectively than for control goats (61.11%; 0.69). In conclusion, the intravenous administration of oxytocin led to greater dilation and depth of cervical penetration, obtaining higher pregnancy rates and prolificacy.
Latent profile analysis of classroom behavior problems in an American national sample of prekindergarten children
Authors: McDermott Paul A. , Rovine Michael J. , Gerstner Clara‐Christina E. , Weiss Emily M. , Watkins Marley W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProblematic behaviors impede young children's ability to succeed in the classroom. Examining individual patterns of behavior problems allows researchers to identify profiles of students most in need of support. This study applied latent profile analysis (LPA) among a national sample (N = 2764) of American prekindergarten children and found six distinct behavior profiles, which differed in the severity and type (underactive vs. overactive) of behavior problems and the classroom contexts in which problem behaviors arose (peer, learning, and teacher contexts). About two‐thirds of children displayed positive behaviors across classroom contexts, performed well on assessments of early academic ability, and maintained positive relationships with their teachers, indicating generally appropriate adjustment to the preschool environment. Yet, 24% of children were classified into three risk profiles as they demonstrated elevated and pervasive underactive or overactive behavior problems in multiple classroom settings. Children with these profiles were deemed the most vulnerable in the sample, as those with underactive problems had the lowest academic proficiency, and those with overactive problems showed the most negative relationships with teachers and parents. Implications for practice are discussed.
Buy Domestic? Emerging Food Nationalism in Slovakia
Authors: Najdený Roman , Križan František , Gurňák Daniel , Bilková Kristína 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn a rapidly globalising world, food nationalism has been the subject of research in many fields. The paper discusses food nationalism, in relation to the social and spatial aspects of consumers' shopping behaviour. According to the results of a two‐step cluster analysis, food nationalism has no significant relationship with permanent residence of consumers. Economic status, however, was the only factor to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between consumers and food nationalism. Compared to unemployed people and pensioners, employed people and entrepreneurs show significantly higher levels of food nationalism. In the study, the assumption that consumers who prefer quality will visit stores with a higher share of domestic food was not confirmed. In contrast, a marginally significant relationship was found between consumer preference for quality and support for domestic producers.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY: THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF POLYPYRROLE DOPED ORGANIC ACIDS THIN FILM
Authors: Sabri Nor Syamimi , Yahud Shuhaida , Ludin F. 
Published: April 2022

Properties of materials in microscale are different from those in bulk form. This article aims to presents the experimental studies of the electrical properties of Polypyrrole thin film doped in organic acid. Ten samples of Polypyrrole doped in organic acids thin films with different layers were prepared using the spin coating method applied on glass substrates. The electrical resistance of the thin film is measured as a function of film thickness and temperature.
DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CAMPUS APPLICATIONS BASED ON WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES USING OPEN-SOURCE PLATFORMS
Authors: Abdull Rashid Nur Farahin , Abu-Samah Asma' , Mohd Noh Aishah , Azam Noor Zaim Syafiq , Wahid Nur Najihah , Chiang Chee Qin , Alobaidy Haider , Abdullah Nor Fadzilah , Abdul Hamid Sawal , Nordin Rosdiadee 
Published: April 2022

Malaysian National Center for Education estimates that students' enrolments will increase to 17.2 million by 2028. The conventional way of managing things around campus work can be improved by applying the smart campus concept. This study showcases the potential smart campus applications with different wireless IoT technologies and their application; LoRa for Internet of Bicycle (IoB), Sigfox for water quality monitoring, IEEE 801.11p for campus active safety application, and NB-IoT for remote mangrove conservation. The prototypes consist of various sensors and online dashboards to demonstrate the open-source IoT ecosystem. For IoB, a 0.5 km radius centered at LoRa gateway’s location, proved reliable for real-time e-bicycles location monitoring. It offers locking system security to avoid bicycles steal. The SigFox-based water quality monitoring system received signal performance is adequate (RSSI -80 to -90 dBm) with a tower location approximately 3 km from the lake area. For active safety application based on IEEE 801.11p, communication of braking force, car speed, and position of cars ahead of an obstacle make this application feasible to improve road safety around campus, with the real implementation expected to be achieved in the next five to ten years. Lastly, the application of remote mangrove conservation monitoring using NB-IoT on LTE mobile network from Celcom as an independent wireless platform. It allows researchers and students from the university to use this application for their research on sustainable conservation at remote mangrove sites worldwide. The results have shown that all the wireless IoT is promising for future smart campus deployment.