bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and categorization of acute intracranial hemorrhage subtypes using a multilayer DenseNet‐ResNet architecture with improved random forest classifier
Authors: Monica Jenefer Balraj M. , Senathipathi K. , Aarthi  , Annapandi  
Published: August 2022

SummaryIn this article, the detection and categorization of acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) subtypes using a multilayer DenseNet‐ResNet architecture with improved random forest classifier (IRF) is proposed to detect the subtypes of intracerebral hemorrhage with high accuracy and less computational time. Here, the brain CT images are taken from the physionet repository publicly dataset. Then the images are preprocessed to eliminate the unwanted noises. After that, the image features are extracted by using multilayer densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) combined with residual network (ResNet) architecture with multiple convolutional layers. The subtypes are epidural hemorrhage (EDH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), subdural hemorrhage (SDH), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are classified by using an IRF classifier with high accuracy. The simulation process is carried out in MATLAB site. The proposed multilayer‐DenseNet‐ResNet‐IRF attains higher accuracy 23.44%, 31.93%, 42.83%, 41.9% is compared with the existing methods, such as deep learning algorithm for automatic detection and classification of acute intracranial hemorrhages in head CT scans (ICH‐DC‐2D‐CNN), fusion‐based deep learning along nature‐inspired algorithm for the diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH‐DC‐FSVM), and detection of intracranial hemorrhage on CT scan images using convolutional neural network (ICH‐DC‐CNN) and double fully convolutional networks (FCNs), respectively.
Machine learning and IoT‐based model for patient monitoring and early prediction of diabetes
Authors: Verma Navneet , Singh Sukhdip , Prasad Devendra 
Published: August 2022

SummaryHealth monitoring is one of the sustainable development areas throughout the globe and Diabetes Mellitus is a common disease worldwide that is one of the main causes of health disasters. Currently, Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) technology together provide a proficient approach for monitoring and predicting diabetes mellitus. In this article, we have proposed a model which uses the hybrid enhanced adaptive data rate (HEADR) algorithm for long range (LoRa) protocol of the Internet of Things (IoT) for patient's real‐time data gathering. Further, machine learning prediction takes place by using classification methods for the detection of diabetes severity levels on collected data through LoRa protocol. The performance of the LoRa protocol is evaluated on the Contiki Cooja simulator based on throughput and packet collision parameters. The proposed model uses different machine learning classifiers, namely, gradient boosting (GB), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbors (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) to predict diabetes with maximum accuracy score, precision, recall, F‐measure, and receiver operating curve (ROC), using Python programming language.
In Situ Construction of WO3/Bi2WO6 Heterogeneous Materials for Advanced Photocatalytic Activity in Degradation of Tetracycline
Authors: Wang Xinjun , Li Bian , Xu Fang , Wu Dapeng , Jiang Yuqin , Li Wei , Jiang Kai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe composite photocatalyst composed of WO3 and Bi2WO6 can play the synergistic effect between the two individual components. Herein, a WO3/Bi2WO6 heterogeneous material with high quality interface has been synthesized via situ growing Bi2WO6 directly on the surface of WO3 nanoplates. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC) for BWO‐3 reaches ≈92%, which is much higher than that of WO3 (≈27%) due to the coupling effect of WO3 and Bi2WO6. Electrochemical impedance and photocurrent measurements prove that WO3/Bi2WO6 heterogeneous material has decreased carriers’ transfer resistance and higher photocurrent density, which endows its improved photocatalytic performance. Also, the radical trapping experiment proves that superoxide radical has great impacts on the degradation of TC. This work provides an efficient method for developing photocatalysts with excellent performance.
Optical Manipulation of a Liquid Crystal (LC) Microdroplet by Optical Force
Authors: Yeng Muhamad Safuan Mat , Ayop Shahrul Kadri , Sasaki Keiji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLiquid crystal (LC) is a particular type of molecule that exhibits directional properties. Its optical birefringence property offers potential non‐contact optical manipulation by optical forces. The optical manipulation of LC in the form of microdroplets shows various potential applications such as biosensors and microactuators. This review discusses the basic concept of LC, the optical manipulation of LC, and its potential applications as LC‐based sensors and microactuators in the form of microdroplets.
Electrolyte Engineering for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Over Non‐Noble Metal Electrodes Achieving High Current Density in the Presence of Chloride Ion
Authors: Komiya Hiroki , Shinagawa Tatsuya , Takanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDirect seawater electrolysis potentially simplifies the electrolysis process and leads to a decrease in the cost of green hydrogen production. However, impurities present in the seawater, especially chloride ions (Cl−), cause corrosion of the electrode material, and its oxidation competes with the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By carefully tuning electrode substrate and electrolyte solutions, the CoFeOxHy/Ti electrode with high double‐layer capacitance actively and stably electro‐catalyzed the OER in potassium borate solutions at pH 9.2 in the presence of 0.5 mol kg−1 Cl−. The electrode possesses an active site motif composed of either a Co‐ or Fe‐domain and benefits from an enlarged surface area. Selective OER was demonstrated in Cl−‐containing electrolyte solutions at an elevated reaction temperature, stably achieving 500 mA cm−2 at a mere potential of 1.67 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 353 K for multiple on‐off and long‐term testing processes with a faradaic efficiency of unity toward the OER.
Tailoring the Boron Configurations in B‐doped Na3V2(PO4)3@Carbon for Fast and Durable Sodium Storage
Authors: Yan Dong , Xiao Shuhao , Li Xinyan , Wu Rui , Jiang Jinxia , Niu Xiaobin , Chen Jun Song 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNa3V2(PO4)3(NVP) is a widely studied cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries because of its high ionic conductivity and attractive charge/discharge plateau (3.4 V vs. Na/Na+). However, its poor electronic conductivity and severe volume expansion during sodium storage need to be addressed before its intensive application could be realized. Herein, boron‐doped NVP was synthesized through a facile electrospinning method. By adding boric acid into the reaction mixture during electrospinning followed by carbonization, boron could be directly inserted into the carbon matrix, giving rise to B‐doped carbon nanofiber wrapped NVP. By tuning the doping amount, the boron‐containing configurations could be facilely manipulated, playing different roles in promoting the sodium storage properties of the composite. Based on the calculation results, BC2O enhanced sodium diffusion by lowering the energy barrier, while BCO2improved the structural stability. Due to these specific functionalities of the configurations, the as‐prepared composite with a balanced amount of BC2O and BCO2demonstrated superior sodium storage capacity of 113 mAh g−1at 1 C, outstanding long cycling performance of 103 mAh g−1at 10 C, and retained 91 mAh g−1after 1500 cycles. This gave rise to a capacity loss of only 0.08‰ per cycle, much better than the undoped counterpart.
CD47‐SIRPα blocking‐based immunotherapy: Current and prospective therapeutic strategies
Authors: Bouwstra Renée , van Meerten Tom , Bremer Edwin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe CD47‐signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) ‘don't eat me’ signalling axis is perhaps the most prominent innate immune checkpoint to date. However, from initial clinical trials, it is evident that monotherapy with CD47‐SIRPα blocking has a limited therapeutic effect at the maximum tolerated dose. Furthermore, treatment is associated with severe side effects, most notably anaemia, that are attributable to the ubiquitous expression of CD47. Nevertheless, promising clinical responses have been reported upon combination with the tumour‐targeting antibody rituximab or azacytidine, although toxicity issues still hamper clinical application.Main bodyHere, we discuss the current state of CD47‐SIRPα blocking therapy with a focus on limitations of current strategies, such as depletion of red blood cells. Subsequently, we focus on innovations designed to overcome these limitations. These include novel antibody formats designed to selectively target CD47 on tumour cells as well as tumour‐targeted bispecific antibodies with improved selectivity. In addition, the rationale and outcome of combinatorial approaches to improve the therapeutic effect of CD47 blockade are discussed. Such combinations include those with tumour‐targeted opsonizing antibodies, systemic therapy, epigenetic drugs, other immunomodulatory T‐cell‐targeted therapeutics or dual immunomodulatory CD47 bispecific antibodies.ConclusionWith these advances in the design of CD47‐SIRPα‐targeting therapeutic strategies and increasing insight into the mechanism of action of this innate checkpoint, including the role of adaptive immunity, further advances in the clinical application of this checkpoint can be anticipated.
Differential diagnosis of melasma and hyperpigmentation
Authors: Honigman Anthony , Rodrigues Michelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground: Melasma is a common disorder of acquired hyperpigmentation affecting millions of people worldwide, predominantly women. Despite the incidence, there are numerous hyperpigmentary conditions which may clinically resemble melasma. The differential diagnosis of melasma is therefore wide and may prove to be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. This can delay the appropriate treatment, adversely impacting sufferers. Our review aims to provide clinicians with an understanding of and a comprehensive approach to assessing, diagnosing and treating melasma and other disorders of hyperpigmentation.
Spatio‐temporal changes in chimpanzee density and abundance in the Greater Mahale Ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Carvalho Joana S. , Stewart Fiona A. , Marques Tiago A. , Bonnin Noemie , Pintea Lilian , Chitayat Adrienne , Ingram Rebecca , Moore Richard J. , Piel Alex K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpecies conservation and management require reliable information about animal distribution and population size. Better management actions within a species' range can be achieved by identifying the location and timing of population changes. In the Greater Mahale Ecosystem (GME), western Tanzania, deforestation due to the expansion of human settlements and agriculture, annual burning, and logging are known threats to wildlife. For one of the most charismatic species, the endangered eastern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), approximately 75% of the individuals are distributed outside national park boundaries, requiring monitoring and protection efforts over a vast landscape of various protection statuses. These efforts are especially challenging when we lack data on trends in density and population size. To predict spatio‐temporal chimpanzee density and abundance across the GME, we used density surface modeling, fitting a generalized additive model to a 10‐year time‐series data set of nest counts based on line‐transect surveys. The chimpanzee population declined at an annual rate of 2.41%, including declines of 1.72% in riparian forests (from this point forward, forests), 2.05% in miombo woodlands (from this point forward, woodlands) and 3.45% in nonforests. These population declines were accompanied by ecosystem‐wide declines in vegetation types of 1.36% and 0.32% per year for forests and woodlands, respectively; we estimated an annual increase of 1.35% for nonforests. Our model predicted the highest chimpanzee density in forests (0.86 chimpanzees/km2, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.60–1.23; as of 2020), followed by woodlands (0.19, 95% CI 0.12–0.30) and nonforests (0.18, 95% CI 0.10–1.33). Although forests represent only 6% of the landscape, they support nearly one‐quarter of the chimpanzee population (769 chimpanzees, 95% CI 536–1103). Woodlands dominate the landscape (71%) and therefore support more than a half of the chimpanzee population (2294; 95% CI 1420–3707). The remaining quarter of the landscape is represented by nonforests and supports another quarter of the chimpanzee population (750; 95% CI 408–1381). Given the pressures on the remaining suitable habitat in Tanzania, and the need of chimpanzees to access both forest and woodland vegetation to survive, we urge future management actions to increase resources and expand the efforts to protect critical forest and woodland habitat and promote strategies and policies that more effectively prevent irreversible losses. We suggest that regular monitoring programs implement a systematic random design to effectively inform and allocate conservation actions and facilitate interannual comparisons for trend monitoring, measuring conservation success, and guiding adaptive management.
Salivary uric acid sensor using the fordable “Finger‐Powered” microfluidic device
Authors: Kudo Hiroyuki , Shibahara Takuya , Tojyo Yoshiki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere, we report a novel biosensing system using a finger‐powered microfluidic device, which is suitable for daily self‐testing of uric acid in saliva. To realize the rapid determination of salivary uric acid, the biosensing system measures directly from the paper‐based saliva sampling device. The microfluidic device has the diaphragm pump, the reagent reservoir, and the reaction cell in which the electrochemical uric acid biosensor is embedded. Once the microfluidic chip has been folded, the finger‐powered microfluidic device prepares the reagent containing the saliva, which is ready to measure. A wireless potentiostat for electrochemical measurement of uric acid with the biosensor was also developed. Combining these elements together, the whole process from saliva sampling to determination was completed in less than a minute (Sensitivity: 0.03 nA/μM). The measurement results were also consistent with that measured using a commercially available uric acid determination kit. Hence, our method is expected to have the potential to enhance the use of biochemical information in the field of healthcare IoT.
Thermal characterization of phase‐changing materials as stabilized thermal energy storage materials in impregnated wood
Authors: Can Ahmet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a palmitic acid‐shellac (PA/Sh) mixture was impregnated into spruce wood. Subsequently, the properties of the modified wood were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After the impregnation, 10% to 25% weight gains were obtained in the samples. The FT‐IR result demonstrated the physical composition of the PA/Sh mixture. The modified wood samples PA, PASh2, and PASh3 had phase transition temperatures of 59.33°C, 58.37°C, and 58.76°C, and high‐latent heat of 27.54, 10.73, and 14.73 J/g, respectively. The modified wood exhibited high thermal stability because the working temperature was much lower than the decomposition temperature. The SEM analysis showed that the wood microscale pores were filled with PA/Sh. The results obtained determined that the property of storing and releasing solar thermal energy of the modified wood rendered it suitable for practical applications.
Deep graph neural network optimized with fertile field algorithm based detection model for uplink multiuser massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output system
Authors: Eswaramoorthi R. , Leeban Moses M. , Sahul Hameed Jennathu Beevi , Ghanti Basanti 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe core requirements are generated for sixth generation (6G) wireless communication with low‐latency and ultra‐high speeds to increase the count of ultra scale intelligent factors, like smart cars, mobile root users. The advancement of 6G communication can lead the interference exploitation. To manage the exploitation of uplink multiuser massive (UMM), the multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) is very difficult to detect the mechanisms, particularly, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. To overcome these issues, a novel deep graph neural network optimized with fertile field algorithm based detection model (DGNNO‐FFA) is proposed in this article for uplink multiuser massive MIMO System. The proposed DGNNO‐FFA approach minimizes the channel estimation errors under low signal to noise ratio (SNR) with better bit error rate (BER). Finally, the proposed DGNNO‐FFA approach attains 11.02%, 12.22%, and 25.27% lower BER value, 14.55%, 18.66%, and 29.49% higher energy efficiency, 15.59%, 19.06%, and 29.59% lower NMSE, and 15.59%, 19.06%, and 29.59% lower computational complexity compared with other existing approaches, like deep neural network based semi definite relaxation (DNN‐SDR), QR based zero forcing algorithms (QR‐ZF), and QAM based 2‐dimensional double successive projection model (QAM‐2D‐DSP).
Investigation of the physicochemical, antioxidant, rheological, and sensory properties of ricotta cheese enriched with free and nano‐encapsulated broccoli sprout extract
Authors: Azarashkan Zahra , Motamedzadegan Ali , Ghorbani‐HasanSaraei Azade , Biparva Pourya , Rahaiee Somayeh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to produce the functional ricotta cheese using broccoli sprouts extract (BSE) and to evaluate its physicochemical, antioxidant, rheological, and sensory properties. The BSE nano‐liposome was nano‐encapsulated into basil seed gum (BSG) and was incorporated into the ricotta cheese formulation in two forms of free and nano‐capsules in two levels of 3% and 5% w/w. The measurements were conducted during a 15‐day storage period at 4–6°C. The results showed that the titratable acidity, hardness, and chewiness of cheeses were increased and the pH, moisture, total phenol content (TPC), and antioxidant activity were decreased (p < .05). With the addition of BSE concentration, the TPC and antioxidant activity increased significantly (p < .05) and applying the nano‐encapsulation method for BSE led to better preservation of bioactive compounds. Based on the rheological results, viscoelastic solid behavior and a weak gel were observed in all cheese samples. The results of sensory evaluation demonstrated that cheeses containing free extract had lower flavor and overall acceptability scores than other samples, which indicates that the nano‐encapsulation covered the undesirable flavor of the BSE. Generally, during the 15‐day cold storage period, the highest sensory acceptance and functional activity were related to the samples containing nano‐encapsulated BSE, especially at the 5% level.
HCC EV ECG score: An extracellular vesicle‐based protein assay for detection of early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Na , Zhang Ceng , Lee Yi‐Te , Tran Benjamin V. , Wang Jing , Kim Hyoyong , Lee Junseok , Zhang Ryan Y. , Wang Jasmine J. , Hu Junhui , Zhang Zhicheng , Alsudaney Manaf S. , Hou Kuan‐Chu , Tang Hubert , Zhang Tiffany X. , Liang Icy Y. , Zhou Ziang , Chen Mengxiang , Yeh Angela Hsiao‐Jiun , Li Wenyuan , Zhou Xianghong Jasmine , Chang Helena R. , Han Steven‐Huy B. , Sadeghi Saeed , Finn Richard S. , Saab Sammy , Busuttil Ronald W. , Noureddin Mazen , Ayoub Walid S. , Kuo Alexander , Sundaram Vinay , Al‐Ghaieb Buraq , Palomique Juvelyn , Kosari Kambiz , Kim Irene K. , Todo Tsuyoshi , Nissen Nicholas N. , Tomasi Maria Lauda , You Sungyong , Posadas Edwin M. , Wu James X. , Wadehra Madhuri , Sim Myung‐Shin , Li Yunfeng , Wang Hanlin L. , French Samuel W. , Lu Shelly C. , Wu Lily , Pei Renjun , Liang Li , Yang Ju Dong , Agopian Vatche G. , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Zhu Yazhen 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
The sensitivity of current surveillance methods for detecting early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is suboptimal. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising circulating biomarkers for early cancer detection. In this study, we aim to develop an HCC EV‐based surface protein assay for early detection of HCC.

Approach and Results:
Tissue microarray was used to evaluate four potential HCC‐associated protein markers. An HCC EV surface protein assay, composed of covalent chemistry‐mediated HCC EV purification and real‐time immuno‐polymerase chain reaction readouts, was developed and optimized for quantifying subpopulations of EVs. An HCC EV
ECG
score, calculated from the readouts of three HCC EV subpopulations (
E
pCAM+ CD63+,
C
D147+ CD63+, and
G
PC3+ CD63+ HCC EVs), was established for detecting early‐stage HCC. A phase 2 biomarker study was conducted to evaluate the performance of ECG score in a training cohort (n = 106) and an independent validation cohort (n = 72).
Overall, 99.7% of tissue microarray stained positive for at least one of the four HCC‐associated protein markers (EpCAM, CD147, GPC3, and ASGPR1) that were subsequently validated in HCC EVs. In the training cohort, HCC EV ECG score demonstrated an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.99) for distinguishing early‐stage HCC from cirrhosis with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 90%. The AUROCs of the HCC EV ECG score remained excellent in the validation cohort (0.93; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) and in the subgroups by etiology (viral: 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–1.00; nonviral: 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–0.99).

Conclusion:
HCC EV ECG score demonstrated great potential for detecting early‐stage HCC. It could augment current surveillance methods and improve patients’ outcomes.
The NADPH oxidase NOX4 regulates redox and metabolic homeostasis preventing HCC progression
Authors: Peñuelas‐Haro Irene , Espinosa‐Sotelo Rut , Crosas‐Molist Eva , Herranz‐Itúrbide Macarena , Caballero‐Díaz Daniel , Alay Ania , Solé Xavier , Ramos Emilio , Serrano Teresa , Martínez‐Chantar María L. , Knaus Ulla G. , Cuezva José M. , Zorzano Antonio , Bertran Esther , Fabregat Isabel 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
The NADPH oxidase NOX4 plays a tumor‐suppressor function in HCC. Silencing NOX4 confers higher proliferative and migratory capacity to HCC cells and increases their in vivo tumorigenic potential in xenografts in mice. NOX4 gene deletions are frequent in HCC, correlating with higher tumor grade and worse recurrence‐free and overall survival rates. However, despite the accumulating evidence of a protective regulatory role in HCC, the cellular processes governed by NOX4 are not yet understood. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to better understand the molecular mechanisms regulated by NOX4 in HCC in order to explain its tumor‐suppressor action.

Approach and Results:
Experimental models: cell‐based loss or gain of NOX4 function experiments, in vivo hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine in Nox4‐deficient mice, and analyses in human HCC samples. Methods include cellular and molecular biology analyses, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, as well as histological and immunohistochemical analyses in tissues. Results identified MYC as being negatively regulated by NOX4. MYC mediated mitochondrial dynamics and a transcriptional program leading to increased oxidative metabolism, enhanced use of both glucose and fatty acids, and an overall higher energetic capacity and ATP level. NOX4 deletion induced a redox imbalance that augmented nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity and was responsible for MYC up‐regulation.

Conclusions:
Loss of NOX4 in HCC tumor cells induces metabolic reprogramming in a Nrf2/MYC‐dependent manner to promote HCC progression.