bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Talk moves as pedagogical tools for eliciting and working with student ideas in an undergraduate general biology laboratory
Authors: Barnes Evan R. , Gray Ron , Grinath Anna S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEliciting student thinking as resources for learning is central to productive sense making. Educators use pedagogical tools such as talk moves to direct classroom conversations toward and sometimes away from student learning. This mixed methods study describes how teaching assistants (TAs) use talk moves as pedagogical tools to elicit and work with student ideas in an undergraduate general biology laboratory course. We combined mixed‐effects modeling with micro‐level analyses of discourse using conversation analysis to describe quantitative relationships and qualitative sequencing in how TAs used ambitious and conservative talk moves to meet the pedagogical goals of a planned elicitation discussion. The two major contributions of this study are: (1) the specification of the relationship between the two parts of the TA talk move/student contribution adjacency pair in the context of elicitation discussions and (2) describing sequences of talk moves and other factors that provide insight to features of more or less rigorous elicitation discussions. These contributions have implications for future research to test hypotheses based on the qualitative findings and for informing TA professional development focused on elicitation discussions. We conclude with a discussion around common considerations in instructional decision making in light of the findings.
Ultra‐Broadband Random Laser and White‐Light Emissive Carbon Dots/Crystal In‐Situ Hybrids
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zhang Shaofeng , Li Yunfei , Wu Cuiyu , Zhang Wenfei , Zhang Hailong , Xie Zheng , Zhou Shuyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe continuous white‐light emission of carbon dots (CDs) can be applied to producing multicolor laser emissions by one single medium. Meanwhile, the solid‐state emission greatly contributes to its practical application. In this work, a strategy to realize the in‐situ hybridization of silane‐functionalized CDs (SiCDs) and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid trimethyl ester (Et3BTC) by a one‐pot solvothermal method is reported. Significantly, the SiCDs/Et3BTC hybrid crystals exhibit ultra‐broadband random laser emission over the near ultraviolet‐visible region under 265 nm nanosecond pulsed laser excitation. The wavelength region of laser emission is achieved from 315 to 600 nm within an emission band of CDs‐based materials. It is worth noting that the wavelength range of the laser is wider than the previously reported works. It is proposed that the continuous white‐light emission of SiCDs caused by multiple fluorescence centers mainly gives rise to the broadband random laser emission. Moreover, the crystals are conducive to forming resonance and realizing solid‐state laser emission. This in‐situ method is expected to enable a more convenient, cheaper, and greener approach to prepare luminescent hybrids for application in multicolor laser displays, multi‐level laser anti‐counterfeiting, supercontinuum light sources, and so on.
Enhanced Activities in Alkaline Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions on MoS2 Electrocatalysts by In‐Plane Sulfur Defects Coupled with Transition Metal Doping
Authors: Ma Yuanhang , Leng Difei , Zhang Xuming , Fu Jijiang , Pi Chaoran , Zheng Yang , Gao Biao , Li Xiangguo , Li Neng , Chu Paul K. , Luo Yongsong , Huo Kaifu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract2D transition metal disulfides (TMDs) are promising and cost‐effective alternatives to noble‐metal‐based catalysts for hydrogen production. Activation of the inert basal plane of TMDs is crucial to improving the catalytic efficiency. Herein, introduction of in‐plane sulfur vacancies (Sv) and 3d transition metal dopants in concert activates the basal planes of MoS2 (M‐Sv‐MoS2) to achieve high activities in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Acetate introducing mild wet chemical etching removes surface S atoms facilitating subsequent cation exchange between the exposed Mo atoms and targeted metal ions in solution. Density‐functional theory calculation demonstrates that the exposed 3d transition metal dopants in MoS2 basal planes serve as multifunctional active centers, which not only reduce ΔGH* but also accelerate water oxidation. As a result, the optimal Ni‐Sv‐MoS2 and Co‐Sv‐MoS2 electrocatalysts show excellent stability and alkaline HER and OER characteristics such as low overpotentials of 101 and 190 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. The results reveal a strategy to activate the inert MoS2 basal planes by defect and doping co‐engineering and the technique can be extended to other types of TMDs for high‐efficiency electrocatalysis beyond water splitting.
Over 16% Efficient Solution‐Processed Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells via Incorporation of Copper‐Rich Precursor Film
Authors: Gao Qianqian , Yuan Shengjie , Zhou Zhengji , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Wenhui , Meng Yuena , Qi Yafang , Han Litao , Wu Sixin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolution processing of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber is a highly promising strategy for a cost‐effective CIGS photovoltaic device. However, the device performance of solution‐processed CIGS solar cells is still hindered by the severe non‐radiative recombination resulting from deep defects and poor crystal quality. Here, a simple and effective precursor film engineering strategy is reported, where Cu‐rich (CGI >1) CIGS layer is incorporated into the bottom of the CIGS precursor film. It has been discovered that the incorporation of the Cu‐rich CIGS layer greatly improves the absorber crystallinity and reduces the trap state density. Accordingly, more efficient charge generation and charge transfer are realized. As a result of systematic processing optimization, the champion solution‐processed CIGS device delivers an improved open‐circuit voltage of 656 mV, current density of 33.15 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 73.78%, leading to the high efficiency of 16.05%.
Boosting Electrical Response toward Trace Volatile Organic Compounds Molecules via Pulsed Temperature Modulation of Pt Anchored WO3 Chemiresistor
Authors: Dai Tiantian , Yan Zhi , Li Meng , Han Yulei , Deng Zanhong , Wang Shimao , Wang Ruyang , Xu Xiaohong , Shi Lei , Tong Wei , Bao Jun , Qiao Zhenhua , Li Liang , Meng Gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInsufficient limit of detection (LoD) toward volatile organic compounds (VOCs) hinders the promising applications of metal oxide chemiresistors in emerging air quality monitoring and/or breath analysis. There is an inherent limitation of widely adopted strategies of creating sensitive chemiresistors then operating at the optimized temperature via a continuous heating (CH) mode. Herein, a strategy combining Pt single atoms anchoring (chemical sensitization) with pulsed temperature modulation (PTM, physical sensitization) is proposed. Apart from generating abundant surface asymmetric oxygen vacancy (Pt‐VO‐W) active sites at pulsed high temperature (HT) stage, inward diffusion of trace target VOCs across the sensing layer at pulsed low temperature stage (driven by PTM induced concentration gradient), can greatly enhance the charge interaction probability between the generated surface active species and the surrounding VOCs, and thus offers a novel avenue on addressing the bottleneck issue of low LoD by PTM. Triggered by HT of 300 °C, the responses of Pt anchored WO3 chemiresistor to 1 ppm trimethylamine (TMA) and xylene can be drastically boosted from 1.9 (CH) to 6541.5 (PTM) and 1.5 (CH) to 1001.1 (PTM), respectively. And ultra‐low theoretic LoD of 0.78 ppt (TMA) and 0.18 ppt (xylene) are successfully achieved, respectively.
Acute MPTP treatment decreases dendritic spine density of striatal medium spiny neurons via SNK‐SPAR pathway in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Su Yebo , Jia Miao , Yuan Sifan , Wang Cong , Feng Jiahui , Zhang Yumei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a well‐known neurodegenerative disorder associated with a high risk in middle‐aged and elderly individuals, severely impacting the patient's quality of life. 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is frequently used to establish PD in animals. Dendritic spines are dendritic processes that form the foundation of learning and memory. Reportedly, dendritic spine density of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) declines in PD, and this decline has been associated with PD progression; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Herein, we used the MPTP animal model to examine whether serum‐induced kinase (SNK) and spine‐associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase (SPAR) contribute to decreased dendritic spine density in striatal MSNs. MPTP was used to establish the animal model, which exhibits motor function impairment and dopaminergic cell loss. To assess spine density, Golgi staining was performed to count striatal dendritic spines, which were reduced in the MPTP group when compared with those in the normal control group. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze changes in SNK and SPAR expression. MPTP treatment significantly increased the expression of SNK in striatal MSNs, whereas that of SPAR was significantly decreased when compared with the normal control group. These findings offer clues to further explore the mechanism of declining dendritic spine density in patients with PD and provide evidence for potential target identification in PD.
Survey of respiratory disease associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum in British gamebirds (2016–2019): In vitro antibiotic sensitivity, pathology and detection of other pathogens
Authors: Welchman David , Tasker John , Poulos Christopher , Ellis Christine , Bradbury Janet M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe causes of respiratory disease in British gamebirds were investigated during 2016–2019 following concerns about poorer responses to antibiotic treatment. Emphasis was placed on Mycoplasma gallisepticum, but other possible bacterial and viral causes were included, along with gross and histopathological examination.MethodsClinical respiratory disease outbreaks were investigated.ResultsMycoplasma gallisepticum was detected by PCR in 65 of 69 outbreaks in pheasants and partridges and isolated from 56 of these. Partial mgc2 gene sequences from 28 M. gallisepticum isolates were compared, and 26 proved identical, suggesting the prevalence of a dominant sequence type. Minimum inhibitory concentration values for tiamulin, tylosin, tylvalosin, doxycycline and tetracycline were significantly higher than the reference strain but could not be correlated with treatment failures. Other bacterial species were isolated from sinuses but were not consistently correlated with disease. RT‐PCRs detected coronaviruses in 18% of 49 outbreaks and avian metapneumovirus in 8%. Histopathological lesions were typical of M. gallisepticum sinusitis and significantly associated with M. gallisepticum PCR outbreak positivity.ConclusionMycoplasma gallisepticum remains an important cause of respiratory disease in gamebirds. Synergism with other pathogens may have played a role in some outbreaks. Specific reasons for variable responses to antibacterial treatment were not identified.
Diskussion
Authors: Röper Johann W. A. 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Diskussion der Ergebnisse erfolgt in zwei Schritten. Der Erste Schritt diskutiert die vorgestellten Ergebnisse und bewertet die Innovationen, die durch die Szenarien und Szenariovariationen dargestellt werden. Den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit werden zudem Kenntnisse aus Beiträgen über Kosten der Luftrettung gegenüber gestellt, die in den Recherchen des 2. Kapitels aufgeführt wurden.
Smoothly splitting amplitudes and semi-locality
Authors: Cachazo Freddy , Early Nick , Umbert Bruno Giménez 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study a novel behavior developed by certain tree-level scalar scattering amplitudes, including the biadjoint, NLSM, and special Galileon, when a subset of kinematic invariants vanishes without producing a singularity. This behavior exhibits properties which we call smooth splitting and semi-locality. The former means that an amplitude becomes the product of exactly three amputated Berends-Giele currents, while the latter means that any two currents share one external particle. We call these smooth splittings 3-splits. In fact, there are exactly $$ \left(\begin{array}{c}n\\ {}3\end{array}\right)-n $$

n

3

−
n
such 3-splits of an n-particle amplitude, one for each tripod in a polygon; as they cannot be obtained from standard factorization, they are a new phenomenon in Quantum Field Theory. In fact, the resulting splitting is analogous to the one first seen in Cachazo-Early-Guevara-Mizera (CEGM) amplitudes which generalize standard cubic scalar amplitudes from their Tr G(2, n) formulation to Tr G(k, n), where Tr G(k, n) is the tropical Grassmannian. Along the way, we show how smooth splittings naturally lead to the discovery of mixed amplitudes in the NLSM and special Galileon theories and to novel BCFW-like recursion relations for NLSM amplitudes.
A note on the analytic structure of celestial amplitudes
Authors: Gu Jiayin , Li Ying-Ying , Wang Lian-Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Celestial amplitudes, obtained by applying Mellin transform and analytic continuation on “ordinary” amplitudes, have interesting properties which may provide useful insights on the underlying theory. Their analytic structures are thus of great interest and need to be better understood. In this paper, we critically examine the analytic structure of celestial amplitudes in a massless low-energy effective field theory. We find that, fixed-order loop contributions, which generate multipoles on the negative β-plane, in general do not provide an accurate description of the analytic structure of celestial amplitudes. By resumming over the leading logarithmic contributions using renormalization group equations (RGEs), we observe much richer analytic structures, which generally contain branch cuts. It is also possible to generate multipoles or shifted single poles if the RGEs satisfy certain relations. Including sub-leading logarithmic contributions is expected to introduce additional corrections to the picture. However, without a new approach, it is difficult to make a general statement since the analytic form of the Mellin transform is challenging to obtain.
Posterior urethral stenosis: a comparative review of the guidelines
Authors: Abbasi Behzad , Shaw Nathan M. , Lui Jason L. , Li Kevin D. , Sudhakar Architha , Low Patrick , Hakam Nizar , Nabavizadeh Behnam , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to provide a thorough comparative review of the available guidelines on the diagnosis, management, and follow-up for patients with posterior urethral stenosis by the American Urologic Association (2016), Société Internationale d’Urologie (2010), and European Urologic Association (2022).

Methods
The AUA, SIU, and EAU guidelines were evaluated for recommendations on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of posterior urethral stenosis. We also included the EAU and AUA urologic trauma guidelines for the trauma-related stenosis. The level or strength of recommendations is included in case of disparity between the guidelines.

Results
The three guidelines align considerably in recommendations provided for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with posterior urethral stenosis. SIU and EAU emphasize the role of repeat endoscopic treatment in guidelines compared to AUA.

Conclusion
The preferred method to repair bulbo-membranous stricture/stenosis following radiation therapy remains an area of active interest, focusing on continence preservation. Additionally, there may be a role for advanced endoscopic treatments with or without adjunct therapies to manage even obliterated stenoses.
Der Querschnittsbereich 14 „Schmerzmedizin“ an der Universität Leipzig – was wurde erreicht?
Authors: Hempel Gunther , Weissenbacher Andreas , Becker-Rux Diana , Mescha Swantje , Stehr Sebastian N. , Werdehausen Robert 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Im Medizinstudium in Deutschland ist seit 2016 ein gesonderter Leistungsnachweis auf dem Gebiet der Schmerzmedizin zu erwerben. Bislang fehlen Untersuchungen über die Effekte dieser Einführung auf Kompetenzen von Studierenden im Themengebiet Schmerzmedizin.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war es herauszufinden, inwieweit die Einführung des Fachgebiets Schmerzmedizin als Querschnittsbereich 14 den Kompetenzerwerb der Studierenden im Bereich Schmerzmedizin gemessen über eine Selbsteinschätzung positiv beeinflusst.

Material und Methoden
Die Entwicklung des longitudinalen Curriculums wurde mithilfe des Kern-Zyklus durchgeführt. Parallel erfolgte die Erstellung eines Fragebogens zur Selbsteinschätzung der Studierenden auf einer 5‑stufigen Likert-Skala bzgl. des eigenen Wissensstands und der Bedeutung schmerzmedizinischer Lehrinhalte. Die Befragungen wurden vor Einführung der Veranstaltungsreihe (2014), nach Abschluss der ersten Kohorte (2016) und 5 Jahre nach Einführung (2019) durchgeführt und mittels Kruskal-Wallis-Tests verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die Einführung des Curriculums hat zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung in relevanten Punkten geführt. So fühlen sich die Studierenden insgesamt besser auf die Behandlung von Schmerzpatienten vorbereitet (2,67 im Jahr 2014 vs. 3,18 im Jahr 2019). Teilaspekte wie die Erhebung einer Schmerzanamnese (3,63 vs. 4,10) oder die Erstellung eines Analgesieschemas (3,56 vs. 4,14) werden nun subjektiv deutlich besser beherrscht.

Diskussion
Trotz erfreulicher Ergebnisse besteht in Teilbereichen noch Verbesserungspotenzial. Beispielsweise ist die Bewertung der Studierenden zur Frage nach der Vorbereitung auf die Behandlung von Schmerzpatienten noch nicht zufriedenstellend. Hier gilt es, das Curriculum mit Fokus auf die Kompetenzorientierung weiterzuentwickeln. Dabei können digitale Lehrformate ebenso integriert werden wie interprofessionelle Einheiten und Simulationspatienten. Zudem sind jedoch gleichzeitig auch die Prüfungsformate hin zu standardisierten praktischen Prüfungen weiterzuentwickeln.
COVIDOA: a novel evolutionary optimization algorithm based on coronavirus disease replication lifecycle
Authors: Khalid Asmaa M. , Hosny Khalid M. , Mirjalili Seyedali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm called Coronavirus Optimization Algorithm (COVIDOA). COVIDOA is an evolutionary search strategy that mimics the mechanism of coronavirus when hijacking human cells. COVIDOA is inspired by the frameshifting technique used by the coronavirus for replication. The proposed algorithm is tested using 20 standard benchmark optimization functions with different parameter values. Besides, we utilized five IEEE Congress of Evolutionary Computation (CEC) benchmark test functions (CECC06, 2019 Competition) and five CEC 2011 real-world problems to prove the proposed algorithm's efficiency. The proposed algorithm is compared to eight of the most popular and recent metaheuristic algorithms from the state-of-the-art in terms of best cost, average cost (AVG), corresponding standard deviation (STD), and convergence speed. The results demonstrate that COVIDOA is superior to most existing metaheuristics.
Soil Biota Adversely Affect the Resistance and Recovery of Plant Communities Subjected to Drought
Authors: Gao Chenguang , van Bodegom Peter M. , Bezemer T. Martijn , Veldhuis Michiel P. , Mancinelli Riccardo , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate change predictions indicate that summer droughts will become more severe and frequent. Yet, the impact of soil communities on the response of plant communities to drought remains unclear. Here, we report the results of a novel field experiment, in which we manipulated soil communities by adding soil inocula originating from different successional stages of coastal dune ecosystems to a plant community established from seeds on bare dune sand. We tested if and how the added soil biota from later-successional ecosystems influenced the sensitivity (resistance and recovery) of plant communities to drought. In contrast to our expectations, soil biota from later-successional soil inocula did not improve the resistance and recovery of plant communities subjected to drought. Instead, inoculation with soil biota from later successional stages reduced the post-drought recovery of plant communities, suggesting that competition for limited nutrients between plant community and soil biota may exacerbate the post-drought recovery of plant communities. Moreover, soil pathogens present in later-successional soil inocula may have impeded plant growth after drought. Soil inocula had differential impacts on the drought sensitivity of specific plant functional groups and individual species. However, the sensitivity of individual species and functional groups to drought was idiosyncratic and did not explain the overall composition of the plant community. Based on the field experimental evidence, our results highlight the adverse role soil biota can play on plant community responses to environmental stresses. These outcomes indicate that impacts of soil biota on the stability of plant communities subjected to drought are highly context-dependent and suggest that in some cases the soil biota activity can even destabilize plant community biomass responses to drought.
Resources for Turkish natural language processing: A critical survey
Authors: Çöltekin Çağrı , Doğruöz A. Seza , Çetinoğlu Özlem 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive survey of corpora and lexical resources available for Turkish. We review a broad range of resources, focusing on the ones that are publicly available. In addition to providing information about the available linguistic resources, we present a set of recommendations, and identify gaps in the data available for conducting research and building applications in Turkish Linguistics and Natural Language Processing.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 in heart failure
Authors: Tucker William , Tucker Bradley , Rye Kerry-Anne , Ong Kwok Leung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone involved in energy homeostasis that protects against the development of obesity and diabetes in animal models. Its level is elevated in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in humans. However, little is known about the role of FGF21 in heart failure (HF). HF is a major global health problem with a prevalence that is predicted to rise, especially in ageing populations. Despite improved therapies, mortality due to HF remains high, and given its insidious onset, prediction of its development is challenging for physicians. The emergence of cardiac biomarkers to improve prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of HF has received much attention over the past decade. Recent studies have suggested FGF21 is a promising biomarker candidate for HF. Preclinical research has shown that FGF21 is involved in the pathophysiology of HF through the prevention of oxidative stress, cardiac hypertrophy, and inflammation in cardiomyocytes. However, in the available clinical literature, FGF21 levels appear to be paradoxically raised in HF, potentially implying a FGF21 resistant state as occurs in obesity. Several potential confounding variables complicate the verdict on whether FGF21 is of clinical value as a biomarker. Further research is thus needed to evaluate whether FGF21 has a causal role in HF, and whether circulating FGF21 can be used as a biomarker to improve the prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis of HF. This review draws from preclinical and clinical studies to explore the role of FGF21 in HF.