bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The goal of risk equalization in regulated competitive health insurance markets
Authors: van de Ven Wynand , Hamstra Gerrit , van Kleef Richard , Reuser Mieke , Stam Piet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDifferent opinions exist about the goal of risk equalization in regulated competitive health insurance markets. There seems to be consensus that an element of the goal of risk equalization is ‘to remove the predictable over- and undercompensations of subgroups of insured’ or, equivalently, ‘to achieve a level playing field for each risk composition of an insurer’s portfolio’ or, equivalently, ‘to remove the incentives for risk selection’. However, the role of efficiency appears to be a major issue: should efficiency also be an element of the goal of risk equalization, or should it be a restriction to the goal, or should efficiency not be an element of the goal or a restriction to the goal? If efficiency plays a role, a comprehensive analysis of the total effect of risk equalization on efficiency needs to be done. An improvement of the performance of a risk equalization scheme has both negative and positive effects on efficiency. Negative effects include the reduction in efficiency via cost- or utilization-based risk adjusters. Positive effects result from leveling the playing field and reducing the incentives for risk selection, which increase efficiency as the outcome of a competitive market. In practice many regulators and policy makers take efficiency into consideration by looking at the negative effects, but hardly at the positive effects. The definition of the goal of risk equalization has consequences for the design and evaluation of risk equalization schemes and for the equalization payments. We describe relevant potential goals, tradeoffs and possible solutions.
Retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: novel aspects
Authors: Olbert Elisabeth , Struhal Walter 
Published: March 2022

SummaryOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is of increasing interest in the clinical assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients beyond the scope of clinical studies. In this narrative review, we discuss novel changes of OCT parameters during acute optic neuritis and the disease course of MS patients. OCT images document the changes of retinal layers during an episode of acute optic neuritis and can therefore provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology. Moreover, MS patients show progredient thinning of retinal layers throughout the disease. The thinning is accelerated through relapses as well as disease progression without relapse. The OCT parameters are also associated with clinical outcome parameters, including disability, cognitive function, and brain atrophy. The impact of disease-modifying therapies on OCT parameters is the subject of ongoing research and depends on the agent used. Additional data are still necessary before OCT parameters can be implemented in the clinical standard of care of MS patients.
Questions, Presuppositions and Fallacies
Authors: Moldovan Andrei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper I focus on the fallacy known as Complex Question or Many Questions. After a brief introduction, in Sect. 2 I highlight its pragmatic dimension, and in Sect. 3 its dialectical dimension. In Sect. 4 I present two accounts of this fallacy developed in argumentation theory, Douglas Walton’s and the Pragma-Dialectics’, which have resources to capture both its pragmatic and its dialectical nature. However, these accounts are unsatisfactory for various reasons. In Sect. 5 I focus on the pragmatic dimension of the fallacy and I suggest amendments to the accounts mentioned drawing on the study of the phenomenon of presupposition in theoretical pragmatics. I argue that the central notion in the definition of the fallacy is that of an informative presupposition. In Sect. 6 I focus on the dialectical dimension of the fallacy. This dimension needs to be explicitly acknowledged in the definition of the fallacy in order to distinguish it from a different, non-dialectical, fallacious argumentative move involving presuppositions.
Mechanisms of religious trauma amongst queer people in Australia’s evangelical churches
Authors: Hollier Joel , Clifton Shane , Smith-Merry Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChristian communities teaching traditional theology and ethics, which treat diverse sexualities and gender expansive identities as sinful, can be places where faithful LGBTQIA + people are subject to spiritual abuse. This paper explores the complex dynamics and multilayered mechanisms of this abuse in Australian Evangelical Christianity. It is based on a qualitative research project using 24 semi-structured interviews with LGBTQIA + people who have spent two or more years in Evangelical church settings. The project found that participants were subject to mischaracterization and viewed as a moral threat, and consequently experienced erasure, social distancing, and suffered psychological trauma. The paper uses minority stress and micro-aggression theory to conceptualize these experiences and inform social work practice. It also shows the rich resilience and spiritual growth of participants who navigated trauma and sometimes emerged with a more nuanced and deeper faith. These findings will help queer people coming out in Evangelical churches to understand their experiences, and provide clinicians and others supporting people that have experienced spiritual trauma with conceptual tools and practical examples to aid in therapy and informal recovery settings.
A compact instrument for gamma-ray burst detection on a CubeSat platform II
Authors: Murphy David , Ulyanov Alexey , McBreen Sheila , Mangan Joseph , Dunwoody Rachel , Doyle Maeve , O’Toole Conor , Thompson Joseph , Reilly Jack , Walsh Sarah , Shortt Brian , Martin-Carrillo Antonio , Hanlon Lorraine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Gamma-ray Module, GMOD, is a miniaturised novel gamma-ray detector which will be the primary scientific payload on the Educational Irish Research Satellite (EIRSAT-1) 2U CubeSat mission. GMOD comprises a compact (25 mm$$\times$$×25 mm$$\times$$×40 mm) cerium bromide scintillator coupled to a tiled array of 4$$\times$$×4 silicon photomultipliers, with front-end readout provided by the IDE3380 SIPHRA. This paper presents the detailed GMOD design and the accommodation of the instrument within the restrictive CubeSat form factor. The electronic and mechanical interfaces are compatible with many off-the-shelf CubeSat systems and structures. The energy response of the GMOD engineering qualification model has been determined using radioactive sources, and an energy resolution of 5.4% at 662 keV has been measured. EIRSAT-1 will perform on-board processing of GMOD data. Trigger results, including light-curves and spectra, will be incorporated into the spacecraft beacon and transmitted continuously. Inexpensive hardware can be used to decode the beacon signal, making the data accessible to a wide community. GMOD will have scientific capability for the detection of gamma-ray bursts, in addition to the educational and technology demonstration goals of the EIRSAT-1 mission. The detailed design and measurements to date demonstrate the capability of GMOD in low Earth orbit, the scalability of the design for larger CubeSats and as an element of future large gamma-ray missions.
Effects of the analysed variable set composition on the results of distance-based morphometric surveys
Authors: Bánó Bálint , Takács Péter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Distance-based morphometry is still widely used in ichthyology. Beside others, this methodology is often used to characterise species or to compare intraspecific group (i.e. population level) differences. However, scarce information is available about: (a) which are the most widely used variables for these purposes, (b) how certain variables are selected for the morphometric analyses, and (c) how variable set compositions and the number of variables affect the results. To answer these questions, a literature review was compiled and our own three datasets were analysed. The results showed that although a high number of variables can be used, previous authors have measured “common” ones most often, regardless of the taxonomic position of the studied group and the goal of the survey. Additionally, our review showed that authors rarely made a variable selection and often did not standardise their datasets; these are methodical problems that make the accuracy and usability of the results questionable. Analyses of our own three datasets showed that the number of variables and the variable set compositions in most cases strongly influenced stock subdivision and the percentage of correctly classified individuals. It was also shown that the most useable variable sets for morphometric purposes can differ considerably depending on the taxon and goal of the survey.
Efficient Reduced Basis Algorithm (ERBA) for Kernel-Based Approximation
Authors: Marchetti Francesco , Perracchione Emma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is to provide an efficient scheme for constructing kernel-based reduced interpolation models. In the existing literature such problems are mainly addressed via the well-establishedknot insertionorknot removalschemes. Such iterative strategies are usually quite demanding from a computational point of view and our goal is to study an efficient implementation for data removal approaches, namely efficient reduced basis algorithm (ERBA). Focusing on kernel-based interpolation, the algorithm makes use of two iterative rules for removing data. The former, called ERBA-r, is based on classical residual evaluations. The latter, namely ERBA-p, is independent of the function values and relies on error bounds defined by the power function. In both cases, inspired by the so-called extended Rippa’s algorithm, our ERBA takes advantage of a fast implementation.
On the Approximation of Unbounded Convex Sets by Polyhedra
Authors: Dörfler Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article is concerned with the approximation of unbounded convex sets by polyhedra. While there is an abundance of literature investigating this task for compact sets, results on the unbounded case are scarce. We first point out the connections between existing results before introducing a new notion of polyhedral approximation called $$\left( \varepsilon , \delta \right) $$

ε
,
δ

-approximation that integrates the unbounded case in a meaningful way. Some basic results about $$\left( \varepsilon , \delta \right) $$

ε
,
δ

-approximations are proved for general convex sets. In the last section, an algorithm for the computation of $$\left( \varepsilon , \delta \right) $$

ε
,
δ

-approximations of spectrahedra is presented. Correctness and finiteness of the algorithm are proved.
How Do Adolescents Manage Information in the Relationship with Their Parents? A Latent Class Analysis of Disclosure, Keeping Secrets, and Lying
Authors: Baudat Sophie , Mantzouranis Gregory , Van Petegem Stijn , Zimmermann Grégoire 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of disclosure and concealment strategies by adolescents in the relationship with their parents may have important implications for their adjustment. Few studies of adolescents’ information management have taken a person-centered approach, yet it is a useful way to understand variations in how they regulate information shared with their parents. This study explored adolescents’ information management constellations with their mothers and fathers, and how these patterns differ in terms of perceived need-supportive parenting, autonomous reasons for disclosure, and problematic alcohol use. Three hundred thirty-two Swiss adolescents (45% female;Mage = 15.01 years) reported information management strategies used with each parent (disclosure, keeping secrets, lying), perceptions of maternal and paternal need-supportive parenting (involvement, autonomy support, structure), autonomous reasons for disclosure, and problematic alcohol use. Latent class analyses revealed three classes:Reserved(37%),Communicators(36%), andDeceptive(27%). Comparisons across classes showed that adolescents in theCommunicatorsclass reported the highest levels of parental involvement and autonomy support, as well as autonomous reasons for disclosure. Adolescents in theDeceptiveclass reported the lowest levels of parental involvement and autonomy support, as well as autonomous reasons for disclosure. Associations between classes and problematic alcohol use were also found, such that the likelihood of problem drinking was greater for adolescents in theDeceptiveclass. These findings underscore the importance of continued information sharing with both parents, and underline how a need-supportive parenting context may encourage adolescents to talk voluntarily.
Acceptable Use: Morality and Credibility Struggles in Swedish 1960s Alcohol and Illicit Drug (Ab)use Research and Policy
Authors: Eriksson Lena , Bergman Helena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article explores morality and credibility struggles in connection to two officially sanctioned public Swedish experiments launched in the late 1960s to investigate the (ab)use of alcohol and illicit drugs, especially in relation to young people, and the subsequent decisions to terminate the experiments and research. We argue that these 1960s struggles on how to analyze the effects of increased availability of psychoactive substances must be understood in the light of a simultaneous development of modern (social) science studies. The public display of conflicting expert views on how to investigate and interpret questions of alcohol and drugs in modern society played out in concordance with the growth of social science alcohol and drug research and expertise. The article focuses on the 1960s, a decade that was characterized by profound transformations in Swedish society. In so doing, the article contributes from the perspective of history to debates on the nexus between knowledge production and policy in modern societies.
Head-to-head Intra-individual Comparison of [68Ga]-FAPI and [18F]-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: Novruzov E. , Dendl K. , Ndlovu H. , Choyke P. L. , Dabir M. , Beu M. , Novruzov F. , Mehdi E. , Guliyev F. , Koerber S. A. , Lawal I. , Niegisch G. , Debus J. , Haberkorn U. , Sathekge M. , Giesel F. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aim/Purpose
Fibroblast activation protein-(FAP)-ligands, a novel class of tracers for PET/CT imaging, demonstrated promising results in previous studies in various malignancies compared to standard [18F]FDG PET/CT. 68Ga-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-FAPI)-PET/CT impresses with sharp contrasts in terms of high tumor uptake and low background noise leading to clear delineation. [18F]FDG PET/CT has limited accuracy in bladder cancer due to high background signal. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the diagnostic potential of [68Ga]FAPI in patients with bladder cancer.

Material and Methods
This retrospective analysis consisted of 8 patients (median age 66), 7 of whom underwent both [68Ga]FAPI and [18F]FDG PET/CT scans with a median time interval of 5 days (range 1–20 days). Quantification of tracer uptake was determined with SUVmax and SUVmean. Furthermore, the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was derived by dividing the SUVmax of tumor lesions by the SUVmax of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and blood pool.

Results
Overall, 31 metastases were detected in five patients including lymph node metastases (n = 23), bone metastases (n = 4), lung metastases (n = 3), and a peritoneal metastasis (n = 1). In one patient, [68Ga]FAPI demonstrated significant uptake in the primary tumor located in the bladder wall. [68Ga]FAPI-PET/CT demonstrated significantly higher uptake compared to [18F]FDG PET/CT with higher mean SUVmax (8.2 vs. 4.6; p = 0.01). Furthermore, [68Ga]FAPI detected additional 30% (n = 9) lesions, missed by [18F]FDG. TBR demonstrated favorable uptake for [68Ga]FAPI in comparison to [18F]FDG. Significant differences were determined with regard to metastasis/blood pool ([68Ga]FAPI 5.3 vs [18F]FDG 1.9; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
[68Ga]FAPI-PET/CT is a promising diagnostic radioligand for patients with bladder cancer. This first described analysis of FAP-ligand in bladder cancer revealed superiority over [18F]FDG in a small patient cohort. Thus, this so far assumed potential has to be confirmed and extended by larger and prospective studies.
Evaluating the Impacts of Patient Engagement on Health Services Research Teams: Lessons from the Veteran Consulting Network
Authors: Merker Vanessa L. , Hyde Justeen K. , Herbst Abigail , Solch Amanda K. , Mohr David C. , Gaj Lauren , Dvorin Kelly , Dryden Eileen M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite increasing commitment to patient engagement in research, evaluation of the impact of these efforts on research processes, products, and teams is limited.

Objective
To explore the impacts of engaging patients as consultants to research studies by examining the experiences, impacts, and lessons learned from a program facilitating patient engagement at a Veterans Health Administration research center.

Design
We developed a logic model to articulate the activities being implemented to support patient engagement and their anticipated outcomes. Then, we conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with participants in the local Veteran Consulting Network to qualitatively explore these outcomes.

Participants
Twelve researchers and eleven Veteran patients with experience working on at least one grant or funded study.

Approach
Interview transcripts were inductively coded using a consensus-based approach. Findings were synthesized using framework analysis and mapped back onto our logic model of expected patient engagement impacts.

Key Results
Patient engagement improved the perceived quality and relevance of research studies as patient consultants challenged researchers’ assumptions about patient populations and clinical contexts and gave feedback that helped improve the feasibility of proposed grants, readability of study materials, comprehensiveness of study assessments, and cultural sensitivity and relevance of interventions. Patient engagement also had personal benefits to researchers and patients. Researchers reported improved communication skills and higher job satisfaction. Patients reported a sense of purpose and satisfaction from their work with greater awareness of and appreciation for research.

Conclusions
Engaging patients in research can have multiple benefits to the people and work involved. Our evaluation process can serve as a template for other organizations to plan for and assess the impact of their own patient engagement programs. Creating logic models and updating them based on feedback from program users make engagement goals explicit, help verify expected mechanisms to achieve impact, and facilitate organizational learning.
Engaging the Wisdom of Older Veterans to Enhance VA Healthcare, Research, and Services
Authors: Nearing Kathryn A. , Adams Hope M. , Alsphaugh James , Douglas Serena E. , Feller Thomas R. , Fleak Robert , Moore Vernon , Martin-Sanders Susan , Schultz Thomas M. , Stratton Karleen , Sullivan J. Pat , Van Sickle Lance , Yates J. David , Yates Terry A. , Matlock Daniel D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Stakeholder engagement helps ensure that research is relevant, clinical innovations are responsive, and healthcare services are patient-centered.

Objective
Establish and sustain a Veteran engagement board involving older Veterans and caregivers to provide input on aging-related research and clinical demonstration projects.

Design and Participants
The Older Veteran Engagement Team (OVET)—a group of eight Veterans and one caregiver who range in age from 62 to 92—was formed in November 2017 and has met monthly since January 2018. The OVET provides feedback on topics that reflect the foci of the VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) (e.g., physical functioning, hearing health, and emotional wellness/mental health). Ongoing evaluation documents the return on investment of Veteran engagement.

Main Measures
The OVET member and provider/investigator meeting evaluations with longitudinal follow-up at 6 and 12 months.

Results
Return on investment of Veteran engagement is multi-faceted. For OVET, ROI ranges from grant support to improved healthcare quality/efficiency to social-emotional benefits. To date, funding awards total over $2.3 M for NIH and VA-funded projects to which OVET provided substantive feedback. Documented impacts on healthcare services include reductions in patient wait times, more appropriate utilization of services and increased patient satisfaction. Social-emotional benefits include generativity, as OVET members contribute to improving clinical and community-based supports for other Veterans. The OVET provides an opportunity for older Veterans to share their lived experience with trainees and early career investigators who are preparing for careers serving Veterans.

Conclusion
The OVET is similar to other established stakeholder engagement groups; team members offer their individual viewpoints at any stage of research, clinical demonstration, or quality improvement projects. The OVET provides a mechanism for the voice of older Veterans and caregivers to shape aspects of individual projects. Importantly, these projects support patient-centered care and promote the characteristics of an age-friendly healthcare system.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Patient, Family Member, and Stakeholder Research Engagement: Insights from the PREPARE NOW Study
Authors: Browne Teri , Jones Shamika , Cabacungan Ashley N. , Lang-Lindsey Katina , Schmidt Lana , Jackson George , Schatell Dori , Damron Kelli Collins , Ephraim Patti L. , Hill-Briggs Felicia , Bolden Shakur , Swoboda Amy , Ruff Suzanne , Danielson Patty , Littlewood Diane , Singer Dale , Stewart Stephanie , Vinson Brandy , Clynes Diana , Green Jamie A. , Strigo Tara S. , Boulware L. Ebony 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on patient, family member, and stakeholder patient-centered outcomes research engagement.

Objective
To answer the research questions: (1) What is the impact of COVID-19 on the lives of patients with kidney disease and their families? (2) What is the impact of COVID-19 on research engagement for patient and family member research team members who are themselves at very high risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes? and (3) How can we help patients, family members, and stakeholder team members engage in research during COVID-19?

Design
We conducted virtual semi-structured interviews with patient and family member co-investigators and kidney disease stakeholders from the PREPARE NOW study during November 2020. The interview guide included questions about participants’ experiences with the impact of COVID-19 on research engagement.

Participants
Seven patient and family member co-investigators and eight kidney disease stakeholders involved in a kidney disease patient-centered outcomes research project participated in the interviews, data analysis, and writing this manuscript.

Approach
We used a content analysis approach and identified the main themes using an inductive process.

Key Results
Respondents reported three main ways that COVID-19 has impacted their lives: emotional impact, changing behaviors, and changes in health care delivery. The majority of respondents reported no negative impact of COVID-19 on their ability to engage in this research project. Suggestions for patient-centered outcomes research during COVID-19 and other emergencies include virtual research activities; active engagement; and promoting trust, honesty, transparency, and authenticity.

Conclusions
COVID-19 has had a significant negative impact on patient, family member, and stakeholder research team members; however, this has not resulted in less research engagement.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02722382