bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield Enhancement with Galecron, 1985
Authors: Schuster M. F. , Langston W. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Galecron was applied at 0.25 and 0.125 lb (AI)/acre to determine if Galecron would enhance yield. Cotton was planted on 7 May and standard cultural practices for the Blackland of Texas were used. The experimental area was divided into equal halves by a 25 ft alley and the experimental design was a paired block with 0.125 and 0.25 lb (AI)/acre, Galecron being paired with a non-Galecron treatment. Thus, all Galecron plots were side-by-side and drift, vapor, etc. contamination to the non-Galecron was minimal as they were located down wind in the prevailing wind. Plots were 8 rows by 40 ft and replicated 4 times. To preclude the effects of cotton fleahoppers, the entire experimental area was sprayed with 0.25 lb (AI)/acre Azodrin each time Galecron was applied. All other insects were controlled as needed. Galecron applications were made on 13 Jun (6th leaf stage), 20, 25, and 1 Jul with a Hi-Boy sprayer at 5 gal/acre. Squares and bolls were counted by whole plant examination of 0.001 acre on 11 Jul and bolls on 30 Jul. Yield was obtained by stripping the two center rows on 6 Sep.
Evaluation of Dyfonate for Control of Early-Season Insect Pests on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Anderson R. M. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small-plot field studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Dyfonate MS for control of early-season insect pests on dryland cotton. In test 1 (located on a commercial farm near Corpus Christi, TX), three treatments and an untreated were compared in four-row by 50-ft plots of 'GP-3774' cotton planted 7 Mar on 30-inch rows. Treatments in test 1 were applied beginning at the four-leaf stage on 11, 16, 24 and 29 Apr. In test 2 (located at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi), three treatments and an untreated were compared in four-row by 50-ft plots of 'TAMCOT SP-37' cotton planted 22 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments in test 2 were applied beginning at the three-leaf stage on 16, 24, 29 Apr, 6 and 13 May. Treatment applications for both tests were made with a C02 pressurized (36 psi) backpack sprayer equipped with size 3-X hollow-cone nozzles. In test 1, applications made on 11, 16, and 24 Apr were directed over the row bed (i.e., one nozzle/row) at 2.8 gal total spray/acre, whereas the application on 29 Apr was broadcasted over the row bed and middles (i.e., 3 nozzles/row) at 8.2 gal total spray/acre. In test 2, directed applications were made on 16 and 24 Apr, and broadcast applications were made on 29 Apr, 6 and 13 May. Efficacy of treatments was evaluated in both tests by inspecting: (1) the terminals of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of fleahopper nymphs and thrips, and (2) the terminal leaves (third leaf from apex) of 10 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of aphids. In each test, seed cotton was hand-harvested twice from a 6.8-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Efficacy Trial with At-Planting Applications of Counter for Control of Early-Season Insect Pests on Cot-Ton, 1986
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. , Anderson R. M. , Schmidt K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field study was conducted at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center at Corpus Christi, TX, to evaluate Counter for control of early-season insect pests on dryland cotton. Seven treatments and an untreated check were compared in 2-row by 40-ft plots of cotton planted 28 Mar on 38-inch rows. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was applied in the seed furrow at-planting with Candy granular applications. Counter treatments were also applied in a 6-inch incorporated band at planting time. Edaphic conditions at planting time consisted of; (1) 16.7% water (by weight) in top four inches of soil, and (2) a temperature of 71�F at four inches below surface of soil. Less than one inch of rain fell at the test site over a 6-wk period following application of the treatments. Efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by inspecting: (1) terminals of 20 randomly chosen plants in each plot for presence of fleahopper nymphs and thrips, and (2) terminal leaves (third leaf from apex) of 10 randomly chosen plants in each plot for presence of aphids. Seed cotton was hand-harvested from a 6.8-ft section of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1985
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. ; The design was a randomized complete block with 12 treatments and 4 blocks. Each experimental unit was 20 ft × 5 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent contamination from other units. Units were fertilized 14 May preplant with urea at 67 lb N/acre, broadcast seeded 20 May with Labelle at 100 lb/acre, and treated 28 May with Bolero and propanil each at 3 lb Al/acre. Propanil was applied again at 4 lb Al/acre on 13 Jun. Units were flush-irrigated on 20 May, 4 Jun, and 18 Jun and a permanent flood was applied 28 Jun. Granular insecticides were applied with a hand shaker and the remaining treatments were applied at 22.5 gal/acre with a CO2 pressurized (20 psi) 4 nozzle hand boom. Agridex was mixed with Alsystin at 0.25% by volume. From 18 Jul to 31 Jul, 10 soil cores (4 inches diam × 4 inches deep) containing approximately 1 plant/core were removed from each unit. Plants were washed in a 20 mesh screen bucket and rice water weevil larvae and pupae were recovered and counted. Plants were measured or examined for height, root length, no. of tillers and leaves, root weight and whole plant weight. An additional 33 lb N/acre in the form of urea was applied at panicle differentiation. Units were harvested on 7 Nov.
Soybean Insect Pest Control, 1985
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the above site. The experimental design was a randomized block with 10 treatments and 4 blocks. Each experimental unit was 40 ft by 6 rows (32 inch row spacing). Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer at the equivalent of 20 gal finished spray/acre. Plants were in the R6 growth stage. Nine ft of row were sampled in each experimental unit with a vertical beat sheet on those dates recorded in the table. Fourteen ft of the middle 2 rows of each experimental unit were harvested at maturity. No significant differences in yield among the treatments were observed. No phytotoxicity was observed for any treatment.
Value of Furadan and Pydrin for Sunflower Beetle and Stem Weevil Control, 1985
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele , Warnes Dennis , Wiersma John , Auwater Gordon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A set of plots were established at 8 different locations representative of present and recent past sunflower production in MN. Individual plots were 4 rows × 35 ft in 30 inch rows. The same 11 treatments and 4 replicates were used at each location and arranged in a randomized complete block design with different randomization at each location. Soil types varied from clay at Crookston to sandy loam at Oklee. Furadan 4F and 15G were applied in a 4 inch band on the row at, or as soon after, planting as possible and incorporated. Foliar applications of Furadan 4F and Pydrin 2.4E were broadcast at the appropriate plant stage. Foliar applications were made with a hand held CO2 sprayer using about 20 gal of total material per acre applied at 40 lb psi. Defoliation readings and stem infestations were collected during the growing season. Heads were taken by hand on the center two rows, dried, threshed and yields of clean seed recorded. Yields were analyzed by location and together and are so reported.
Efficacy of Microbial Insecticides on Tobacco Leaves for Tomato Hornworm Control, Ontario, Canada, 1985
Authors: Cheng H. H. , Hanlon J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two Microbial Insecticides Were Evaluated In The Laboratory With Field-Treated Tobacco Leaves Against Tomato Hornworms At The Research Station, Agriculture ! Canada, Delhi, Ontario. Tobacco Seedlings Of The Variety Candel Were Transplanted Into A Field Of Fox Loamy Sand On 28 May. Plots, 20 × 3.5 Ft Each, Were J Arranged In A Randomized Block Design With Two Replications. Each Plot Was A Single Row Of 10 Plants. Materials Were Applied To The Upper And Lower Surfaces J Of Tobacco Leaves Using A Knapsack Sprayer With An Adjustable Nozzle At A Rate Of 40 Gal Per Acre On 19 August. Test Insects Were 4Th- And 5Th-Instar Larvae J Of The Tomato Hornworm Collected From Tobacco Plants In An Untreated Field, And The Larvae, 10 For Each Replicate, Were Placed Individually In 24-Oz Wide mouth jars. Two hours after application of the insecticides, random samples of tobacco leaves were collected from each plant, taken to the laboratory and � placed in the jars with the larvae. Rearing was conducted at room temperature (72-74�F) and 16 h photoperiod. Mortality was assessed daily for 4 days. Larvae that remained on the leaves and showed any reaction when gently touched were considered alive.
Control of E. Hirtipennis and M. Persicae on Burley Tobacco with Foliar Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight foliar-applied insecticide treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Burley tobacco was transplanted on 6 Jun. Plots were 30 ft × 3 rows spaced 42 inches apart. Plants were spaced 18 inches apart. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Soil classification was Huntington with 2-5% slope, pH 6.6. Insecticide treatments were applied 3 times during the season (8 Jul, 24 Jul, 7 Aug). Sprays were applied with 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 30 gal/acre and tank pressure of 30 psi. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as number of feeding holes/10 leaves; counts were made on the fifth leaf (of width greater than 2 inches) from top of plant. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation with necrosis of lower leaf basis). Rainfall for the growing season was 9.93 inches with an additional 2 inches of irrigation on 18 Jun. Tobacco was harvested on 19 Sep.
Spring Control of Bluegrass Billbug on Kentucky Bluegrass Plots at University Park, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticide treatments and 1 fertilizer treatment were applied 13 May for control of bluegrass billbug. The field plots consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (100%). Treatment plots were 6 X 15 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a C02 sprayer with four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 30 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. The granular insecticide formulations were applied with a hand held shaker. They were mixed with sand top-dressing to facilitate product distribution. The fertilizer treatment was applied with a 6-ft Scotts fertilizer spreader. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 71°F; soil temp, 59°F; % RH, 61; amount of thatch, 0.5-1 inch; soil type, sandy-loam; % soil mositure, 9.4; soil pH, 5.7; % organic matter, 3.6. Posttreatment counts were made 65 days later (18 Jul). Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicte with a cup-cutter (4") and the total number of bluegrass billbug larvae were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count.
Spring Control of Bluegrass Billbug on Kentucky Bluegrass Plots at University Park, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticide treatments and one fertilizer treatment were applied 13 May for control of bluegrass billbug. The field plots consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (100%). Treatment plots were 6 x 15 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a C02 sprayer with four 8504 Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 30 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. The granular insecticide formulations were applied with a hand held shake-They were mixed with sand top-dressing to facilitate product distribution. The fertilizer treatment was applied with a 6-ft Scotts fertilizer spreader. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 71°F; soil temp, 59°F; % RH, 61; amount of thatch, 0.5-1 inch; soil type, sandy-loam; % soil moisture, 9.4; soil pH, 5.7; % organic matter, 3.6. Posttreatment counts were made 65 days later (18 Jul). Bluegrass billbug control w is evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate with a cup-cutter (4") and the total number of bluegrass billbug larvae were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count.
Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Mifflin Co., Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fifteen insecticide treatments were applied on 18 Aug for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 6 x 9 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, and mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay top dressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. At treatment tim the following soil and environmental conditions existed; air temp, 76°F; soil temp, 80°F; % RH, 78; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil type, loam; % soil moisture, 13.4; soil pH, 5.7; % organic matter, 2.7; water pH, slightly acidic; amount of rain occurring over posttreatment period, 2.65 inches. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 35 DAT (23 Sep). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded. An average of 22.5 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded 18 Aug.
Control of Leafminer on Chrysanthemum Under Laboratory Conditions, 1986
Authors: Yost Jeffrey T. , Oatman Eric , Parrella Michael P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment was applied to 10 chry santhemum plants ca. 4 weeks old which had been pinched to 3 leaves per plant. Citation granular and tablets were applied to soil 13 Aug. On 16 Aug, all plants were exposed to a laboratory colony of leafminers for 20 min, to achieve uniform oviposition. On the morning of 21 Aug, the number of larvae on each plant was counted with the aid of a hand lens and transmitted light, and on that afternoon foliar materials were applied. At the time of application, larvai were predominantly in the late second and early third instar. After the applied materials had dried, plants were individually tipped over sand-filled mea; trays to collect emerging larvae. Pupae were counted and held for adult emergence.
Orchid Weevil Control, Hawaii, 1986
Authors: Hara A. H. , Kawakami D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bioassay tests were conducted on 6 Jun, 18 Jul and 1 Aug on flowering dendrobium orchids growing in 1/4 inch crushed basalt rock under 30% polypropylene net shade in Kapoho, Hawaii. Insecticides were applied to runoff with a compressed air sprayer at 40 psi with a no. 8004 Teejet nozzle. After 3 days, 2 terminal leaves per treatment were excised and placed singly in 14 oz unwaxed paper containers. The treated samples were taken back to the laboratory where 4 field collected orchid weevils were added to each of 2 containers. The containers were then covered with organdy. This experiment was replicated 3x (in time) with 8 weevils per replicate. Mortality data was taken on the 4th and 7th day after exposure.
Phytotoxicity on Dendrobium, Hawaii, 1986
Authors: Hara A. H. , Kawakami D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted on matured dendrobium orchid plants, grown under 30% polypropylene net shade in no. 3 crushed basalt rock. Four weekly applications of selected insecticides at 4 x the recommended use rate were applied on 6, 13, 20 and 27 Jun to runoff using a compressed air sprayer with a no. 8004 Teejet nozzle at 40 psi. On 18 Jul, raceme length, flower length and the number of flowers per spray were recorded. Racemes were excised from the cane and measured for total length. Flower length was measured from the base of the most matured flower to the base of the youngest flower. Flowers and leaves were observed weekly for phytotoxic symptoms. Each treatment consisted of 12 plants replicated twice.
Control of Western Flower Thrips in Roses, California, 1986
Authors: Robb K. L. , Virzi J. K. , Parrella M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides, Carzol 92SP, Monitor 4E, and Diazinon 4E (0.5 lb AI/100 gal H20) were evaluated for control of western flower thrips in commercially grown roses (Santa Barbara, CA). Each material was applied to 4 houses containing 6-130 ft beds. Four weekly applications of the materials were made using a 200 gal Bean sprayer with a hand wand equipped with Cornel) nozzles (300 psi), beginning 8 Apr. Ten samples were taken at random from each house on 7 Apr, 18 Apr, and 2 May. The samples consisted of 5 flowers placed in 50% ethanol (50 flowers/house, 200 flowers/treatment). All stages of thrips were extracted from the ethanol under suction and counted with the ait of a dissecting microscope. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and treatment mens were separated using Tukey's procedure.
Control of Ambrosia Beetle in Eucalyptus Stumps, 1984
Authors: Schubert Thomas H. , Markin George P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were tested to either prevent attack, or to control ambrosia beetles inside established galleries in newly cut Eucalyptus tree stumps. Tests were conducted at an experimental biomass plantation near Hilo, Hawaii, an area with a subtropical climate and average rainfall of 5000 mm/year. Tests were conducted in 2.4 ha of clearcut three-year old plantations containing 5 to 15 m tall trees ranging from 1667 to 6667 per ha. Stumps were 30 to 45 cm high and averaged 9 cm (range of 5 to 14 cm) diameter at tops. Stumps showing no evidence of attack were selected to test Sevin as a prophylactic treatment to prevent further attack. Stumps showing 15 or more galleries per stump, indicated by frass tubes protruding from the ends of the gallery, were used to test Malathion or Orthene to kill beetles established in galleries. Treatment was on 30 Oct, 25 days after harvesting. Insecticides were mixed in water and applied to 15 randomly selected stumps to the point of run off using a hand carried, compressed air sprayer. A third treatment began on 14 Nov, 45 days after harvesting on 200 lightly attacked stumps, half of which were randomly selected for treatment and the other half as checks. A combination of first Malathion, followed 2 weeks later by a treatment of Sevin was used. The same crew that selected the stumps for treatment conducted all post-spray counts. Applications were made in the morning and had at least 4 h to dry before the normal afternoon rain showers began. Rainfall during the period of treatment averaged 8.2 cm per week.
Agworm Control on Juniper, 1986
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Coffelt M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworn control was evaluated by selecting 10-ft sections of a 200-ft row of 8-ft high juniper heavily infested with bagworm. Insecticides were applied 30 Jun using a 1-gal B&G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi and were applied to runoff. On 3 Jul mortality was determined by collecting 4 samples of 15 bagworms from each treatment and placing them in a incubator at 120�F for 30 min. Live larvae began moving rapidly and were counted. Temperature at time of treatment was 7TF and 0.49 inches of rainfall fell between application and evaluation.
Pine Needle Scale Control on Scotch Pine in Indiana CO., PA, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated to control the spring generation crawlers of the pine needle scale on heavily infested 5-6 ft scotch pine Christmas trees. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of run-off with a Solo 425 backpack hand-pump sprayer. Each treatment was applied to 4 single tree replicates. Treatments were applied under partly sunny skies on 5 May. The air temp was 72°F and the % RH was 45. One week posttreatment (12 May), a minimum of 5 infested needle fascicles were randomly removed from each tree. Fascicles were then individually placed in plastic bags and transported in an ice cooler back to the laboratory where the viability of the first 100 nymphs observed under a stereo-dissecting microscope was determined. Counts were always made from a minimum of 5 fascicles.
Cattle-Hypoderma lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1986
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Government-owned Hereford, Angus, and Hereford-Angusiross calves and yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp Bullis, Bexar Co., TX, naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum Villers), are treated with new insecticides that were determined to be systemically active in the mouse-Cuterebra animal systemic insecticide test. Animals ire weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 liters/ animal at &gt; 1000 kPa [usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts)]. In other tests, insecticides are administered dermally to cattle by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight or intramuscularly or ubcutaneously by injection of a specific weight of insecticide per body weight. Normally cattle are treated with new insecticides initially at the highest lonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. If initial dosages ire effective, cattle are given lower dosages in order to determine the minimum effective dosage. Other cattle are treated with titrated dosages of labeled systemics in order to determine systemic activity of label-listed dosages and less than label-listed dosages. After the treatment in May or Jun, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3-6 animals/treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from Aug to Feb )f the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number )f grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number in untreated cattle.
Apple, Mite Control with Carzol/Plictran/Basic H, 1986
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with 5 acaricide treatments and a control replicated 4 times. Plots consisted of 4 trees, one each of cultivars York Imperial, Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Rome Beauty. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gal/acre. All sprays were applied to both sides of trees. Application date was 10 Jul. Dithane M-45 was the only fungicide applied during the course of the experiment. ERM populations were evaluated by collecting a random sample of 25 leaves/tree (cv Delicious), 100 leaves/treatment and brushing them with a Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine. The predator S. punctum was observed by making 3 min counts of adults and larvae around periphery of the same trees.