bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral changes in Lamellidens corrianus, Parreysia (Parreysia) gowhattensis, and Melania hainesiana due to copper
Authors: BRAHMA NIJIRA 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A study were carried out to observe the behavioral changes in three freshwater mollusc species Lamellidens corrianus (Lea, 1834), Parreysia (Parreysia) gowhattensis (Theobald, 1873), and Melania hainesiana (Lea, 1856) due to copper (Cu) exposers. Firstly acute toxicity was carried out to select the exposed concentrations of Cu. After the exposure in Cu test concentrations, Cu was found to be accumulated in the tissues of molluscs. Kruskal-Wallis test of behaviors among the control and test concentration of Cu showed significant differences. So, reject the null hypothesis; i.e., The distribution of movement, visibility of only siphons extension, extension of foot along with visibility of siphons together at the same time and closing of valves without extension of foot and siphon of L. corrianus, P. (P.) gowhattensis is not the same across control, 1% and 10% of 96 h LC50 of Cu. A Kruskal-Wallis test also revealed that in Melania hainesiana significant differences in crawling speed and duration of foot-protrusion among control, 1% and 10% Cu exposed concentrations.
Immobilization of cold-adapted lipase with rational design on hydrid nanoflowers for low temperature sugar esters synthesis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chen Jiahui , Jin Zhaoxia , Yu Fang , Bao Yongming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sugar esters are a relevant class of important bio-surfactants. In comparison to the chemical procedure, enzymatic transesterification by microbial lipases prefers gentle reaction conditions and minimal energy costs. In this work, a novel sugar ester was synthesized by the modified cold-adapted lipase (lip-∆lid, lip-F144A, lip-F144V). In addition, combined with the immobilization of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, the effects of three metal ions on the activity of immobilized lipase were investigated, LHNs(Ca) has the highest activity, kcat/Km of LHNs(Ca)-lip-∆lid is twice that of the free enzyme. Furthermore, comparing the conversion rate of fructose laurate ester synthetized, LHNs(Ca)-lip-∆lid (58.36%) is significantly higher than that of LHNs(Ca) (41.73%) for 48 h at 40 °C, even much higher than commercial lipase CALB and RML, which indicated that the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of Lip ZC12 modified by lid truncation were significantly improved. Fructose lauric acid monoester and diester behave like ordinary surfactants, that can act as a detergent, with potential applications in a variety of cleaning processes. The emulsification of monoester is higher than SDS in soybean oil phase, and both higher than diester, Therefore, these findings indicated that the LHNs(Ca) nanoparticles are suitable carriers for immobilizing modified cold-adapted lipase, and the immobilized lipase can be used as an innovative green approach to the synthesis of sugar esters in food industry.
GATA-type Transcriptional Factor SpGAT1 Interacts with SpMIG1 and Promotes Lipid Accumulation in the Oleaginous Yeast Saitozyma podzolica zwy-2-3
Authors: Ran Yulu , Xu Hui , Yang Qingzhuoma , Xu Yi , Yang Huahao , Qiao Dairong , Cao Yi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: In oleaginous yeast, nitrogen limitation is a critical parameter for lipid synthesis. GATA-family transcriptional factor GAT1, a member of the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway and nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR), regulates nitrogen uptake and utilization. Therefore, it is significant to study the SpGAT1 regulatory mechanism of lipid metabolism for conversion of biomass to microbial oil in Saitozyma podzolica zwy-2-3. Results: Compared with WT, ∆gat1, and OE::gat1, the lipid yield of OE::gat1 increased markedly in the low carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) mediums, while the lipid yield and residual sugar of ∆gat1 decreased in the high C/N ratio medium. According to yeast two-hybrid assays, SpGAT1 interacted with SpMIG1, and it's deletion drastically lowered SpMIG1 expression on the high C/N ratio medium. MIG1 deletion has been found in earlier research to affect glucose metabolic capacity, resulting in a prolonged lag period. Therefore, we speculated that SpGAT1 influenced glucose consumption rate across SpMIG1. Based on yeast one-hybrid assays and qRT-PCR analyses, SpGAT1 regulated the glyoxylate cycle genes ICL1, ICL2, and pyruvate bypass pathway gene ACS, irrespective of the C/N ratio. SpGAT1 also could bind to the ACAT2 promoter in the low C/N medium and induce sterol ester (SE) accumulation. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that SpGAT1 positively regulated lipid metabolism in S.podzolica zwy-2-3,but that its regulatory patterns varied depending on the C/N ratio. When the C/N ratio was high, SpGAT1 interacted with SpMIG1 to affect carbon absorption and utilization. SpGAT1 also stimulated lipid accumulation by regulating essential lipid anabolism genes. Our insights might spur more research into how nitrogen and carbon metabolism interact to regulate lipid metabolism.
Transmission of stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) in simulated ballast water confirms the potential for ship-born spread
Authors: Studivan Michael S. , Baptist Michelle , Molina Vanessa , Riley Scott , First Matthew , Soderberg Nash , Rubin Ewelina , Rossin Ashley , Holstein Daniel M. , Enochs Ian C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) remains an unprecedented epizootic disease, representing a substantial threat to the persistence and health of coral reef ecosystems in the Tropical Western Atlantic since its first observation near Miami, Florida in 2014. In addition to transport between adjacent reefs indicative of a waterborne pathogen(s) dispersing on ocean currents, it has spread throughout the Caribbean to geographically- and oceanographically-isolated reefs, in a manner suggestive of ship and ballast water transmission. Here we evaluate the potential for waterborne transmission of SCTLD including via simulated ballast water, and test the efficacy of commonly-used UV radiation treatment of ballast water. Two species of reef-building corals (Orbicella faveolata and Pseudodiploria strigosa) were subjected to 1) disease-exposed or UV-treated disease-exposed water, and 2) a ballast hold time series of disease-exposed water in two carefully-controlled experiments to evaluate transmission. Our experiments demonstrated transmission of SCTLD through water, rather than direct contact between diseased and healthy corals. While UV treatment of disease-exposed water led to a 50% reduction in the number of corals exhibiting disease signs in both species, the statistical risk of transmission and volume of water needed to elicit SCTLD lesions remained similar to untreated disease-exposed water. The ballast hold time (24 h versus 120 h) did not have a significant effect on the onset of visible disease signs for either species, though there appeared to be some evidence of a concentration effect for P. strigosa as lesions were only observed after the 120 h ballast hold time. Results from both experiments suggest that the SCTLD pathogens can persist in both untreated and UV-treated ballast water and remain pathogenic. Ballast water may indeed pose a threat to the continued spread and persistence of SCTLD, warranting further investigation of additional ballast water treatments and pathogen detection methods.
WITHDRAWN: Reflective Grating Producing Curved, Expanded and Inclined Patterns --- Observed by Cylindrical Screen
Authors: Peng Hui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

To study the orientation-dependence of the diffraction patterns of the reflective grating, we utilize the cylindrical screen. Experiments show the curved, expanded and inclined diffraction patterns.The textbook-screen in the grating experiments is a planar screen and the diffraction orders distribute in one dimension. The cylindrical screen visually shows that the diffraction orders of a rotating reflective grating distribute in two dimensions. The CCD can be placed at the precise location of each order to collect data. By using the cylindrical screen, only two coordinates are needed to describe the curved/expanded/inclined diffraction patterns of the rotating reflective grating. The cylindrical screen may be used to develop the theories of the grating rotating around 3 axes.
Arsenic, iron, and manganese in groundwater and its associated human health risk assessment in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh
Authors: Chakraborty Tapos Kumar , Ghosh Gopal Chandra , Ghosh Prianka , Jahan Israt , Zaman Samina , Islam Md. Shahnul , Hossain Md Ripon , Habib Ahsan , Biswas Biplab , Sultana Naznin , Khan Abu Shamim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study investigated groundwater pollution and potential human health risks from arsenic, iron, and manganese in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh. Study results show that the mean value of groundwater pH is 7.25 ± 0.31, with a mean conductivity of 633.94 ± 327.41 μs/cm, while about 73, 97, and 91% of groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standard limits for As, Fe, and Mn, respectively. Groundwater pollution evaluation indices, including the heavy metal pollution index, the heavy metal evaluation index, the degree of contamination, and the Nemerow pollution index, show that approximately 97, 82, 100, and 100% of samples are in the high degree of pollution category, respectively. Spatial distribution exhibited that the study area is highly exposed to As (73%), Fe (82%), and Mn (46%). In the case of non-carcinogenic health risk via oral exposure, about 94% of samples suggest a high category of risk for infants, and 97% of samples are found to be at high risk for children and adults. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic via an oral exposure pathway suggests that approximately 97% of the samples are found to be at high risk for infants, and all of the samples are at high risk for both adults and children.
Insights into Coronavirus Papain-like Protease Structure, Function and
Inhibitors
Authors: Jin Shujuan , Zhang Mengjiao 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
The coronavirus family consists of pathogens that seriously affect human and animal
health. They mostly cause respiratory or enteric diseases, which can be severe and life-threatening,
such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in humans. The conserved coronaviral papain-like
protease is an attractive antiviral drug target because it is essential for coronaviral replication, and it
also inhibits host innate immune responses. This review focuses on the latest research progress
relating to the mechanism of coronavirus infection, the structural and functional characteristics of
coronavirus papain-like protease, and the potent inhibitors of the protease.
New Developments in Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis for Amine Synthesis
Authors: Neupane Bishnu P. , Friestad Gregory K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:Asymmetric catalysis with chiral phosphoric acids (CPAs) has impacted a wide range of organic reactions, including those that generate chiral amines of interest in medicinal and natural products chemistry. Phosphodiester derivatives (RO)2PO2H offer linkages to various chiral alcohols and diols, permitting the CPA to transmit stereochemical information to reactants via ion-pairing and/or H-bonding interactions of the P=O and O–H bonds. This minireview presents selected recent developments in CPA-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of amines, emphasizing innovations from the literature of 2017–2021, with a few earlier examples to provide additional context. The coverage includes additions to imines, asymmetric protonation, induction of axial asymmetry, asymmetric Ugi and Passerini multicomponent coupling reactions, hydroaminations, and Minisci-type additions to heteroaromatic systems.
Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction of Active Ingredient and Mechanisms of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng Coupled- Herbs Against Diabetic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Li Ruili , Zhang Wei , Yao Minna , Wang Jingwen 
Published: June 2022

Background:Diabetic neuropathic pain seriously affects the quality of a patient’s life. To predict molecular mechanism based on network pharmacology and verify the interaction between the active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng coupled-herbs (AP) and target genes related to Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) molecular docking assay was performed. AP and their target genes related to DNP were analyzed based on network pharmacology followed by experimental validation.Methods:TCMSP, PubMed and CNKI websites were used to acquire active components in AP. OMIM, DrugBank database and DisGeNET database were used to collect and analyze target genes related to DNP. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) analysis were conducted in the DAVID database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network model was constructed by introducing the selected components-disease common target into the string database. Auto- Dock Vina 1.1.2 was used to dock receptor proteins with small ligand molecules. VonFrey’s statement was used to detect mechanical allodynia of DNP rats. Potential targets were detected by Western blot assay.Results:We decided that 22 and 9 chemical compositions possessed the fair ability of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng, respectively. These active compositions act on 70 target genes related to DNP. The core gene in the protein-protein interaction network are CAT, ESR1, HMOX1, IL1β, IL6, NFE2L2, NOS2, PPARG, PTGS2 and TNF, etc. Furthermore, GO, and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses indicated that DNP related target genes regulated by AP exist in multiple signaling pathways, including insulin resistance, PI3K-Akt signaling, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway etc. AP inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and reduced SERPINE1, FN1, IL1β, and IL6 expression of diabetic neuropathic rats in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:We first confirm that AP possess an anti-DNP effect through multiple signaling pathways based on network pharmacology. These results provide a theoretical basis for us to further research on the molecular mechanism of AP in the treatment of DNP.
Impact of Viral Load Suppression on CD4 + T-cell Count and BMI Following
Combine Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) in HIV-1 Infected Individuals:
Preliminary Findings in a Resource Poor Setting
Authors: Balogun Olayemi , Shuaib Bukhari Isah , Usman Usman Abdulrasheed , Yusuf Aminu Abba 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Immunological CD4+ T cell gain is representative of an effective response to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-infected persons. Nevertheless, baseline clinical and socio-demographic factors are significant moderators of this response.

Objective:
This study investigates the impact of viral suppression on immune reconstitution and
body mass index (BMI) following ART initiation in Zaria, a resource-poor subpopulation in
Northwestern Nigeria.

Methods:
A hospital-based prospective study was conducted among 44 cART-naïve HIV positive individuals. BMI, CD4 counts, and viral load were measured using standard methods at
baseline and six months after initiation of cART.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the CD4+ T-cell count at baseline and 6 months
on cART along with the different categories (C: < 200 cells/mm3, B: 200-499 cell/mm3, A:
>500 cell/mm3). However, ~90% of subjects in category C had immunological failure 6 months
on cART. The number of subjects with viral copies < 1000/ml at baseline was 7(16%), while at 6
months on cART, the number increased to 35(80%), P<0.05. Viral suppression (VL copies
<1000/ml) was significantly correlated with immune recovery (CD4 count > 200 cell/mm3) in
obese individuals (P<0.02). There was a significant association between subjects with CD4+
count < 200 cells/mm3 after 6 months on ART and having baseline VL copies of <1000/ml and
low BMI (aOR 2.2 and 2.4 respectively, p≤0.05).

Conclusion:
Findings from this study suggest a high prevalence of paradoxical VL suppression
but not immune CD4 gain in the studied subjects following cART. Larger studies are needed to
corroborate these findings.
The Biological Correction Using Humic Substances, Vermicompost, and Azospirillum as an Optimum Way of Optimizing Plant Production and Enhancing Soil Micronutrients in Arid Regions
Authors: Hafez Mohamed , Popov Alexander I. , Rashad Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

Aims:This field experiment aimed to investigate the effect of using foliar treatments and applying different fertilizers on wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) growth, productivity, and soil fertility under arid conditions.Background:Agriculture is a critical socio-economic sector in Egypt, generating approximately 10 to 15% of the national gross domestic product. Abiotic stresses arising from climate change negate crop growth and yield, leading to food insecurity.Methods:Six treatments were carried out in the order: CK (control without amendment); NPK (mineral fertilizer: mineral fertilizers, 38 g/m2of urea (46% of N), 10 g/m2of calcium phosphate (45% of P2O5), 12 g/m2of potassium sulfate (50% of K2O));Azospirillum brasilense(Az), bacteria were soaked with the seeds for 4 hours before sowing and introduced three-time into the soil with irrigation water at 0.7 ml/m2; vermicompost (VC) applied to the soil (2.5 kg/m2); humic substances (0.5 ml/m2) for foliar inoculation (HS); HS + micronutrients (HS-M) soil application (1 ml/m2) with irrigation water. All treatments were applied as soil additives and foliar spray to wheat plants at 31±1 °C for the first two months from seed sowing in calcareous soil. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of experimental data showed the significance of positive effects of all treatments on soil fertility and plant growth compared to the control and NPK treatments.Results:The HS and VC treatments had positive effects on the development of plant nutrition, wheat growth, soil pH, and plant availability of micronutrients, which was also reflected in the wheat grain yield and water use efficiency. It was also evident that treating the plants and soil with HS-M increased wheat yield from 3.45 to 8.97 t ha-1(260%) compared to the control. On the other hand, VC and Az treatments increased the grain yield by 278% and 267%, respectively, compared to control and NPK treatments. The water use efficiency (kg grain / m3) values increased by 279, 268, 262, 258, and 139% for HS-M, HS, VC, Az, and NPK treatments, respectively, compared to CK. The plants' total N, P, and K content were higher with all organic and biological treatments than NPK and control.Conclusion:This study has shown that the HS, Az, VC, and HS-M soil additives and foliar applications significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the status of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and B in soil, plant growth rate, grain yield, 1000 grain weight, water use efficiency, and soil macro-nutrient of wheat plants growing on calcareous soil.
In Silico Modeling of COVID-19 Pandemic Course Differentiation Using
the FOD Model
Authors: Roterman Irena , Stapor Katarzyna , Fabian Piotr , Konieczny Leszek 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The strange and still unclear scenarios of Covid-19 pandemic development have
raised the question about the reason for the observed essential state and personal differences concerning
the expansion and severity of the infection process. Some custom activities are taken into consideration in
an attempt to explain the phenomenon. Alcohol in the diet is suggested in this paper as the possible factor
which could explain the observed differentiation. It easily penetrates cells modifying their natural internal
environment, and independently influences tissues as the toxic agent being the source of acetyl aldehyde.

Objective:
The process in which the cell seems to be the most sensitive to altered environmental conditions
is the protein folding; in particular, its portion occurring in the endoplasmic reticulum where freshly
synthesized polypeptides fold and then are introduced to the cell membrane influencing its property and
in particular its fluidity, which is the critical parameter deciding the virus penetration into the cell.

Methods:
The application of a mathematical model, fuzzy oil drop model FOD, expressing the influence
of the environment on the protein folding process shows the mechanism of this influence.

Results:
The differences between statistical assessment of epidemy in Europe and the Far East, which
may be correlated with alcohol consumption, suggest the influence of diet on the status of epidemy in
these regions.

Conclusion:
The protein folding seems to be the process most sensitive to environmental conditions in
the cell. The different diet customs, including the use of alcohol, may disturb the folding process, lowering
as the result the number of proteins needed for cell membrane stability, thus increasing its fluidity and
the cell susceptibility to virus penetration.
Observations presented in this paper are based on the initial period of pandemic development and have
not been intentionally modified to prevent the influence of additional factors, like government activities
or virus mutations.
Noninvasive Screening Tool for Hyperkalemia Using a Single-Lead Electrocardiogram and Deep Learning: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Urtnasan Erdenebayar , Lee Jung Hun , Moon Byungjin , Lee Hee Young , Lee Kyuhee , Youk Hyun 
Published: June 2022

Background
Hyperkalemia monitoring is very important in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in emergency medicine. Currently, blood testing is regarded as the standard way to diagnose hyperkalemia (ie, using serum potassium levels). Therefore, an alternative and noninvasive method is required for real-time monitoring of hyperkalemia in the emergency medicine department.

Objective
This study aimed to propose a novel method for noninvasive screening of hyperkalemia using a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) based on a deep learning model.

Methods
For this study, 2958 patients with hyperkalemia events from July 2009 to June 2019 were enrolled at 1 regional emergency center, of which 1790 were diagnosed with chronic renal failure before hyperkalemic events. Patients who did not have biochemical electrolyte tests corresponding to the original 12-lead ECG signal were excluded. We used data from 855 patients (555 patients with CKD, and 300 patients without CKD). The 12-lead ECG signal was collected at the time of the hyperkalemic event, prior to the event, and after the event for each patient. All 12-lead ECG signals were matched with an electrolyte test within 2 hours of each ECG to form a data set. We then analyzed the ECG signals with a duration of 2 seconds and a segment composed of 1400 samples. The data set was randomly divided into the training set, validation set, and test set according to the ratio of 6:2:2 percent. The proposed noninvasive screening tool used a deep learning model that can express the complex and cyclic rhythm of cardiac activity. The deep learning model consists of convolutional and pooling layers for noninvasive screening of the serum potassium level from an ECG signal. To extract an optimal single-lead ECG, we evaluated the performances of the proposed deep learning model for each lead including lead I, II, and V1-V6.

Results
The proposed noninvasive screening tool using a single-lead ECG shows high performances with F1 scores of 100%, 96%, and 95% for the training set, validation set, and test set, respectively. The lead II signal was shown to have the highest performance among the ECG leads.

Conclusions
We developed a novel method for noninvasive screening of hyperkalemia using a single-lead ECG signal, and it can be used as a helpful tool in emergency medicine.