bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blast Injury Patterns Among Israel Defense Forces Fatalities
Authors: Shakargy Josef Daniel , Gendler Sami , Talmy Tomer , Shushan Guy , Radomislensky Irina , Tsur Avishai M , Almog Ofer , Avital Guy , Benov Avi , Gelikas Shaul 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The incidence of blast injuries on the battlefield has risen over the last several decades. In order to improve prevention and treatment, it is essential to understand the severity and bodily distribution of these injuries. This study aims to characterize blast injury patterns among IDF fatalities.

Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive, retrospective study on postmortem reports of military-blast fatalities between the years 1982 and 2021. Body regions injured according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were described. The frequency of body region injury combinations was mapped, and the correlation between injured body regions was calculated using Pearson’s coefficient. Analysis of a subgroup with a postmortem computed tomography (CT-PM) or autopsy was performed, describing severe (AIS ≥ 3) injury patterns.

Results
Overall, 222 fatalities suffered from blast injury, with most injuries affecting the upper and lower extremities (63.7% and 66.5%, respectively), followed by the head (57.1%) and the thorax (56.6%). The median number of injured body regions was 4 (interquartile range, 2-5). The most frequent injury combinations were the upper and lower extremities (51%), the upper extremities and the thorax (45%), and the lower extremities and the thorax (41%). In all, 47/222 (21.2%) fatalities had a documented autopsy or CT-PM report. Among the fatalities with CT-PM or autopsy, the head (63.8%) and the thorax (57.4%) were most frequently severely injured (AIS ≥ 3).

Conclusions
Among blast fatalities in the military setting, the extremities were most commonly injured. However, data suggest that the head and thorax are more likely to sustain severe blast injuries resulting in mortality. Blast injuries in this cohort were characterized by concomitant involvement of several regions. Development of protective gear to minimize the multisystem injuries inflicted by blast injuries is warranted and should be focused on distinct types and anatomical distribution of severe blast injuries as reported in this study.

Level of Evidence
Level III, Retrospective analysis.
Dynamics of binary black holes in young star clusters: the impact of cluster mass and long-term evolution
Authors: Torniamenti Stefano , Rastello Sara , Mapelli Michela , Di Carlo Ugo N , Ballone Alessandro , Pasquato Mario 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Dynamical interactions in dense star clusters are considered one of the most effective formation channels of binary black holes (BBHs). Here, we present direct N-body simulations of two different star cluster families: low-mass (∼500–800 M⊙) and relatively high-mass star clusters (≥5000 M⊙). We show that the formation channels of BBHs in low- and high-mass star clusters are extremely different and lead to two completely distinct populations of BBH mergers. Low-mass clusters host mainly low-mass BBHs born from binary evolution, while BBHs in high-mass clusters are relatively massive (chirp mass up to ∼100 M⊙) and driven by dynamical exchanges. Tidal disruption dramatically quenches the formation and dynamical evolution of BBHs in low-mass clusters on a very short time-scale (≲100 Myr), while BBHs in high-mass clusters undergo effective dynamical hardening until the end of our simulations (1.5 Gyr). In high-mass clusters, we find that 8 per cent of BBHs have primary mass in the pair-instability mass gap at metallicity Z = 0.002, all of them born via stellar collisions, while only one BBH with primary mass in the mass gap forms in low-mass clusters. These differences are crucial for the interpretation of the formation channels of gravitational-wave sources.
Estimating the depth of gaps opened by planets in eccentric orbit
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo F J , Chametla R O , Chrenko O 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Planets can carve gaps in the surface density of protoplanetary discs. The formation of these gaps can reduce the corotation torques acting on the planets. In addition, gaps can halt the accretion of solids on to the planets as dust and pebbles can be trapped at the edge of the gap. This accumulation of dust could explain the origin of the ring-like dust structures observed using high-resolution interferometry. In this work, we provide an empirical scaling relation for the depth of the gap cleared by a planet on an eccentric orbit as a function of the planet-to-star mass ratio q, the disc aspect ratio h, Shakura–Sunyaev viscosity parameter α, and planetary eccentricity e. We construct the scaling relation using a heuristic approach: we calibrate a toy model based on the impulse approximation with 2D hydrodynamical simulations. The scaling reproduces the gap depth for moderate eccentricities (e ≤ 4h) and when the surface density contrast outside and inside the gap is ≤102. Our framework can be used as the basis of more sophisticated models aiming to predict the radial gap profile for eccentric planets.
Assessment of a new sub-grid model for magnetohydrodynamical turbulence. I. Magnetorotational instability
Authors: Miravet-Tenés Miquel , Cerdá-Durán Pablo , Obergaulinger Martin , Font José A 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTInsufficient numerical resolution of grid-based, direct numerical simulations (DNS) hampers the development of instability-driven turbulence at small (unresolved) scales. As an alternative to DNS, sub-grid models can potentially reproduce the effects of turbulence at small scales in terms of the resolved scales, and hence can capture physical effects with less computational resources. We present a new sub-grid model, the MHD-instability-induced-turbulence (MInIT) mean-field model. MInIT is a physically motivated model based on the evolution of the turbulent (Maxwell, Reynolds, and Faraday) stress tensors and their relation with the turbulent energy densities of the magnetorotational (MRI) and parasitic instabilities, modelled with two partial differential evolution equations with stiff source terms. Their solution allows obtaining the turbulent stress tensors through the constant coefficients that link them to the energy densities. The model is assessed using data from MRI in-box DNS and applying a filtering operation to compare the filtered data with that from the model. Using the L2-norm as the metric for the comparison, we find less than one order-of-magnitude difference between the two sets of data. No dependence on filter size or length scale of unresolved scales is found, as opposed to results using the gradient model (which we also use to contrast our model) in which the L2-norm of some of the stresses increases with filter size. We conclude that MInIT can help DNS by properly capturing small-scale turbulent stresses which has potential implications on the dynamics of highly magnetized rotating compact objects, such as those formed during binary neutron star mergers.
Experimental phase function and degree of linear polarization curve of olivine and spinel and the origin of the Barbarian polarization behaviour
Authors: Frattin E , Martikainen J , Muñoz O , Gómez-Martín J C , Jardiel T , Cellino A , Libourel G , Muinonen K , Peiteado M , Tanga P 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We explore experimentally possible explanations of the polarization curves of the sunlight reflected by the Barbarian asteroids. Their peculiar polarization curves are characterized by a large-inversion angle, around 30°, which could be related to the presence of FeO-bearing spinel embedded in Calcium–Aluminum inclusions. In order to test this hypothesis, we have measured the phase function and degree of linear polarization of six samples of Mg-rich olivine and spinel. For each material, we have analysed the light scattering properties of a millimeter-sized grain and of two powdered samples with size distributions in the micrometer size range. The three spinel samples show a well-defined negative polarization branch with an inversion phase angle located around 24°–30°. In contrast, in the case of the olivine samples, the inversion angle is highly dependent on particle size and tends to decrease for larger sizes. We identify the macroscopic geometries as a possible explanation for the evident differences in the polarization curves between olivine and spinel millimeter samples. Although the polarization behaviour in near backscattering of the Barbara asteroid is similar to that of our spinel mm-sized sample in random orientation, this similarity could result in part from crystal retro-reflection rather than composition. This is part of an ongoing experimental project devoted to test separately several components of CV3-like meteorites, representative of the Barbarians composition, to disentangle their contributions to the polarization behaviour of these objects.
Discovery of double BSS sequences in the old Galactic open cluster Berkeley 17
Authors: Rao Khushboo K , Bhattacharya Souradeep , Vaidya Kaushar , Agarwal Manan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Blue straggler stars (BSS) are peculiar objects which normally appear as a single broad sequence along the extension of the main sequence. Only four globular clusters (GCs) have been observed to have two distinct and parallel BSS sequences. For the first time for any open cluster (OC), we report double BSS sequences in Berkeley 17. Using the machine-learning based membership algorithm ML-MOC on Gaia EDR3 data, we identify 627 cluster members, including 21 BSS candidates out to 15 arcmin from the cluster centre. Both the BSS sequences are almost equally populated and parallel to one another in Gaia as well as in Pan-STARRS colour–magnitude diagram (CMD). We statistically confirm their presence and report that both BSS sequences are highly segregated compared to the reference population out to ∼5.5 arcmin and not segregated thereafter. The lower densities of OCs make BSS formation impossible via the collisional channel. Therefore, mass transfer seems to be the only viable channel for forming candidates of both sequences. The gap between the red and blue BSS sequences, on the other hand, is significant and presents a great opportunity to understand the connection between BSS formation and internal as well as external dynamics of the parent clusters.
Loss of Heterozygosity Spectrum Depends on Ploidy Level in Natural Yeast Populations
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Dutreux Fabien , Schacherer Joseph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe appearance of genomic variations such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has a significant impact on phenotypic diversity observed in a population. Recent large-scale yeast population genomic surveys have shown a high frequency of these events in natural isolates and more particularly in polyploids. However, the frequency, extent, and spectrum of LOH in polyploid organisms have never been explored and are poorly characterized to date. Here, we accumulated 5,163 LOH events over 1,875 generations in 76 mutation accumulation (MA) lines comprising nine natural heterozygous diploid, triploid, and tetraploid natural S. cerevisiae isolates from different ecological and geographical origins. We found that the rate and spectrum of LOH are variable across ploidy levels. Of the total accumulated LOH events, 8.5%, 21%, and 70.5% of them were found in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid MA lines, respectively. Our results clearly show that the frequency of generated LOH events increases with ploidy level. In fact, the cumulative LOH rates were estimated to be 9.3 × 10−3, 2.2 × 10−2, and 8.4 × 10−2 events per division for diploids, triploids, and tetraploids, respectively. In addition, a clear bias toward the accumulation of interstitial and short LOH tracts is observed in triploids and tetraploids compared with diploids. The variation of the frequency and spectrum of LOH events across ploidy level could be related to the genomic instability, characterizing higher ploidy isolates.
TRIM67 drives tumorigenesis in oligodendrogliomas through Rho GTPase-dependent membrane blebbing
Authors: Demirdizen Engin , Al-Ali Ruslan , Narayanan Ashwin , Sun Xueyuan , Varga Julianna Patricia , Steffl Bianca , Brom Manuela , Krunic Damir , Schmidt Claudia , Schmidt Gabriele , Bestvater Felix , Taranda Julian , Turcan Şevin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
IDH mutant gliomas are grouped into astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas depending on the codeletion of chromosome arms 1p and 19q. Although the genomic alterations of IDH mutant gliomas have been well described, transcriptional changes unique to either tumor type have not been fully understood. Here, we identify Tripartite Motif Containing 67 (TRIM67), an E3 ubiquitin ligase with essential roles during neuronal development, as an oncogene distinctly upregulated in oligodendrogliomas.

Methods
We used several cell lines, including patient-derived oligodendroglioma tumorspheres, to knock down or overexpress TRIM67. We coupled high-throughput assays, including RNA sequencing, total lysate-mass spectrometry (MS), and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP)-MS with functional assays including immunofluorescence (IF) staining, co-IP, and western blotting (WB) to assess the in vitro phenotype associated with TRIM67. Patient-derived oligodendroglioma tumorspheres were orthotopically implanted in mice to determine the effect of TRIM67 on tumor growth and survival.

Results
TRIM67 overexpression alters the abundance of cytoskeletal proteins and induces membrane bleb formation. TRIM67-associated blebbing was reverted with the nonmuscle class II myosin inhibitor blebbistatin and selective ROCK inhibitor fasudil. NOGO-A/Rho GTPase/ROCK2 signaling is altered upon TRIM67 ectopic expression, pointing to the underlying mechanism for TRIM67-induced blebbing. Phenotypically, TRIM67 expression resulted in higher cell motility and reduced cell adherence. In orthotopic implantation models of patient-derived oligodendrogliomas, TRIM67 accelerated tumor growth, reduced overall survival, and led to increased vimentin expression at the tumor margin.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results demonstrate that upregulated TRIM67 induces blebbing-based rounded cell morphology through Rho GTPase/ROCK-mediated signaling thereby contributing to glioma pathogenesis.
Leveraging the CSF proteome toward minimally-invasive diagnostics surveillance of brain malignancies
Authors: Mikolajewicz Nicholas , Khan Shahbaz , Trifoi Mara , Skakdoub Anna , Ignatchenko Vladmir , Mansouri Sheila , Zuccato Jeffrey , Zacharia Brad E , Glantz Michael , Zadeh Gelareh , Moffat Jason , Kislinger Thomas , Mansouri Alireza 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis and prognostication of intra-axial brain tumors hinges on invasive brain sampling, which carries risk of morbidity. Minimally-invasive sampling of proximal fluids, also known as liquid biopsy, can mitigate this risk. Our objective was to identify diagnostic and prognostic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic signatures in glioblastoma (GBM), brain metastases (BM), and primary central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL).MethodsCSF samples were retrospectively retrieved from the Penn State Neuroscience Biorepository and profiled using shotgun proteomics. Proteomic signatures were identified using machine learning classifiers and survival analyses.ResultsUsing 30 µL CSF volumes, we recovered 755 unique proteins across 73 samples. Proteomic-based classifiers identified malignancy with area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.94 and distinguished between tumor entities with AUROC ≥0.95. More clinically relevant triplex classifiers, comprised of just three proteins, distinguished between tumor entities with AUROC of 0.75–0.89. Novel biomarkers were identified, including GAP43, TFF3 and CACNA2D2, and characterized using single cell RNA sequencing. Survival analyses validated previously implicated prognostic signatures, including blood–brain barrier disruption.ConclusionsReliable classification of intra-axial malignancies using low CSF volumes is feasible, allowing for longitudinal tumor surveillance.
Molecular marker testing and reporting completeness for adult-type diffuse gliomas in the United States
Authors: Neff Corey , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin , Kruchko Carol , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Ostrom Quinn T , Iorgulescu J Bryan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
A newly developed brain molecular marker (BMM) data item was implemented by US cancer registries for individuals diagnosed with brain tumors in 2018—including IDH and 1p/19q-co-deletion statuses for adult-type diffuse gliomas. We thus investigated the testing/reporting completeness of BMM in the United States.

Methods
Cases of histopathologically confirmed glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma diagnosed in 2018 were identified in the National Cancer Database. Adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of BMM testing/reporting were evaluated for association with the selected patient, treatment, and facility-level characteristics using multivariable logistic regression. As a secondary analysis, predictors of MGMT promoter methylation testing/reporting among IDH-wildtype glioblastoma individuals were assessed. Key limitations of the BMM data item were that it did not include any details regarding testing technique or assay type and could not distinguish between a lack of testing and a lack of cancer registry reporting of testing results.

Results
Among 8306 histopathologically diagnosed adult-type diffuse gliomas nationally, overall BMM testing/reporting completeness was 81.1%. Compared to biopsy-only cases, odds of testing/reporting increased for subtotal (ORadj= 1.38 [95% CI: 1.20–1.59], P &lt; .001) and gross total resection (ORadj=1.50 [95% CI: 1.31–1.72], P &lt; .001). Furthermore, the odds were lowest at community centers (hospitals (67.3%; ORadj=0.35 [95% CI: 0.26–0.46], P &lt; .001) and highest at academic/NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers (85.4%; referent). By geographical location, BMM testing/reporting completeness ranged from a high of 86.8% at New England (referent) to a low of 76.0 % in the West South Central region (ORadj=0.57 [95% CI: 0.42–0.78]; P &lt; .001). Extent of resection, Commission-on-Cancer facility type, and facility location were additionally significant predictors of MGMT testing/reporting among IDH-wildtype glioblastoma cases.

Conclusions
Initial BMM testing/reporting completeness for individuals with adult-type diffuse gliomas in the United States was promising, although patterns varied by hospital attributes and extent of resection.
The relationship between obesity and self-esteem: longitudinal evidence from Australian adults
Authors: Byth Sophie , Frijters Paul , Beatton Tony 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine whether low self-esteem increases the risk of obesity in a panel of Australian adults. To address the problem of endogeneity, we look at weight changes following exogenous shocks to self-esteem, such as the unexpected death of friends and family members. We find that negative shocks adversely affect self-esteem in turn leading to large increases in weight via increased food consumption and reduced exercise. The effects of the negative shocks were found to be larger for the lower educated and females.
AlphaDrug: protein target specific de novo molecular generation
Authors: Qian Hao , Lin Cheng , Zhao Dengwei , Tu Shikui , Xu Lei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Traditional drug discovery is very laborious, expensive, and time-consuming, due to the huge combinatorial complexity of the discrete molecular search space. Researchers have turned to machine learning methods for help to tackle this difficult problem. However, most existing methods are either virtual screening on the available database of compounds by protein–ligand affinity prediction, or unconditional molecular generation, which does not take into account the information of the protein target. In this paper, we propose a protein target-oriented de novo drug design method, called AlphaDrug. Our method is able to automatically generate molecular drug candidates in an autoregressive way, and the drug candidates can dock into the given target protein well. To fulfill this goal, we devise a modified transformer network for the joint embedding of protein target and the molecule, and a Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithm for the conditional molecular generation. In the transformer variant, we impose a hierarchy of skip connections from protein encoder to molecule decoder for efficient feature transfer. The transformer variant computes the probabilities of next atoms based on the protein target and the molecule intermediate. We use the probabilities to guide the look-ahead search by MCTS to enhance or correct the next-atom selection. Moreover, MCTS is also guided by a value function implemented by a docking program, such that the paths with many low docking values are seldom chosen. Experiments on diverse protein targets demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods, indicating that AlphaDrug is a potentially promising solution to target-specific de novo drug design.
38 Spectacular improvement of refractory calcaneal enthesitis with anti TNF alpha
Authors: Sadeg Y , Ferhat A , Hafirassou H , Dahou-makhloufi C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Spondyloarthritis is a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory rheumatism, of which enthesitis is the most common. Achilles involvement is frequent and can be disabling, resisting various treatments (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and local treatment). Only anti TNF alpha drugs are effective.
We report the case of a patient with extremely painful achilles enthesitis causing functional disability who responded dramatically to anti TNF alpha.

Observation
Child A.N, 13 years old, followed for juvenile idiopathic arthritis in the form of psoriatic arthritis evolving since the age of 4 years, treated with methotrexate at a rate of 7.5 mg/week, well balanced for 7 years.
Three years later, the patient consulted us for disabling right inflammatory heel pain with the impossibility of putting his shoes on.
The clinical examination revealed a painless position with the inability to put the heel on the ground; difficulty in walking requiring the use of crutches; pain on palpation of the Achilles tendon up to its insertion on the calcaneus, with painful limitation of dorsiflexion. Skin and mucous membrane examination revealed psoriasis lesions on the dorsum of the foot and on the nails.
Laboratory tests: CBC without abnormality, ESR= 25mmH1 CRP =12mg/l
X-ray of the rear feet: no abnormalities.
Ultrasound of the right ankle: enthesitis taking colour doppler at the insertion of the Achilles tendon with erosion within the calcaneus.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the right ankle: medullary oedema in the calcaneus with hyper signal on the DP sequence associated with retro calcaneal bursitis.
The patient was put on NSAIDs without improvement, two ultrasound-guided cortisone injections were performed, followed by total failure. Treatment with an anti TNF alpha (Etanercept 0.8 mg/kg/week 25 mg) was started, the improvement was spectacular after 8 weeks with disappearance of the pain, including when standing, walking and putting shoes on. On the ultrasound (disappearance of the retro calcaneal bursitis and negativation of the doppler signal) no recurrence was noticed.

Conclusion
Enthesitis is an essential lesion in spondyloarthritis. Generally resistant to conventional DMARDs, anti TNF alpha is a treatment of choice.