bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau protein is differentially phosphorylated in young‐ and old‐aged rats with experimentally induced hyperthyroidism
Authors: Tan Burak , Babur Ercan , Toy Nihal , Günaydın Buse , Dursun Nurcan , Süer Cem 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimAging involves progressive physiological changes, including thyroid dysfunction; thus, changes in plasma thyroid hormone (TH) level may affect neuronal function such as synaptic plasticity and Tau phosphorylation. However, how Tau protein is modulated in hyperthyroidism with aging is not clear. To clarify this issue, long‐term potentiation (LTP) and accompanying phosphorylation of Tau protein in different residues were investigated in the hippocampus of young and old rats with experimentally induced hyperthyroidism.Materials and methodsThe study was performed in vivo under urethane anesthesia on 2‐ and 12‐month‐old Wistar albino male rats. Field potentials, composed of a field of excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) and a population spike (PS), occurring in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region, were recorded by applying high‐frequency stimulation (HFS) to the perforant pathway (100 Hz, four times at 5‐min intervals) to induce LTP. Total‐Tau and phosphorylated‐Tau were measured in HFS‐induced hippocampus by using western blotting.ResultsThe TH suppressed hippocampal somatic LTP (PS) was suppressed with aging, and treatment improved this suppression in aged rats without any changes in synaptic LTP (fEPSP). The phosphorylation of Tau at Ser202/Thr205 and Thr231 residues was increased in aged control rats. Treatment of aged rats with l‐thyroxine reduced the phosphorylation of Tau at these residues to the young control condition.ConclusionImpaired LTP that occurs with aging may be among the underlying causes of dementia in relatively older ages, and l‐thyroxine treatment restores this impaired LTP. In addition, the phosphorylation level of Tau epitopes known to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease may support a critical role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity in hyperthyroidism.
Role of thigh circumference, calf circumference, subjective global assessment, and handgrip strength as diagnostic modalities of sarcopenia in women inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Pribadi Rabbinu Rangga , Simadibrata Marcellus , Sulaiman Andri Sanityoso , Abdullah Murdani 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSarcopenia is a problem affecting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) outcome and should be evaluated by measuring muscle mass (using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry [DXA]), muscle strength, and physical performance. DXA has drawbacks as it is expensive, not covered by a national program, and requires a technician. Other inexpensive and simple examinations are needed. The objective is to explore cutoff point and diagnostic accuracy of thigh circumference (TC), calf circumference (CC), subjective global assessment (SGA), and handgrip strength (HGS) to identify sarcopenia in IBD patients.MethodsThe study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during November 2020–June 2021. Analysis was performed to discover the cutoff point and diagnostic accuracy of TC, CC, SGA, and HGS to identify sarcopenia.ResultsAs assessed by DXA, 7 of 60 women (11.7%) with IBD had sarcopenia. Using CC cutoff ≤31 cm, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ration (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 100%, 60.38%, 25%, 100%, 2.52, and 0, respectively. Using TC cutoff ≤50 cm, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, and NLR were 100%, 83.02%, 43.75%, 100%, 5.90, and 0, respectively. SGA has sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, PLR, and NLR of 42.86%, 84.91%, 27.27%, 91.84%, 2.84, and 0.67, respectively. The area under curve of HGS was 33.3%.ConclusionIn this survey of Indonesian women with IBD, the frequency of sarcopenia was 11.7%. When compared with DXA, TC and CC values over 50 cm and 31 cm, respectively, were helpful to exclude the diagnosis of sarcopenia. SGA and HGS were of lesser value for the identification of a decrease in muscle mass.
The effect of tree species on soil organic carbon recovery in a restoration project is associated with vegetation biomass: Evidence from the Pingshuo Mine reclaimed ecosystem, North China
Authors: Yuan Ye , Zhao Yifang , Gao Yuan , Gao Guoqing , Ren Yingxiang , Hou Fen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVegetation and soil surveys were made within three mixed forests and four monoculture forests on opencast coal mine spoils in the Loess Plateau (China) to reveal the tree species effect on reclaimed mine soil (RMS) and carbon (C) sequestration. Results showed that tree biomass, annual litter biomass, and reserved litter biomass varied among forests, withRobinia pseudoacaciaL.‐Pinus tabuliformisCarr. recording the highest tree biomass, leaf C, and leaf nitrogen (N) values. The greatest C and N contents in RMS were recorded in theR. pseudoacacia‐P. tabuliformisforest in both small macroaggregate (250–2000 μm) and large macroaggregate (>2000 μm) fractions. However, no significant differences among forests were observed in microaggregate (53–250 μm) and silt+clay (<53 μm) associate C and N. Significant positive correlations were observed among soil C and vegetation biomass and vegetation biomass associated C. It was in line with the C isotope analysis, which indicated that C flowed in the order: leaf→litter/root→soil macroaggregate→soil microaggregate/silt+clay. Moreover, negative correlations between soil C and soil δ15N in large and small macroaggregate fraction were recorded, indicating C sequestration in macroaggregate was potentially associated with soil N cycling. Overall, Tree species effect on soil C sequestration was derived from the amount and quality of the vegetation biomass and it was mediated by soil N cycling to some extent.R. pseudoacacia‐ andP. tabuliformismixed forest could be proposed as a favourable reclamation choice, due to these species prominent C sequestration ability.
Effects of restoration of degraded lands on soils physicochemical properties and adaptability of planted woody species in southwestern Niger
Authors: Noma Adamou Salifou , Abdourhamane Touré Amadou , Daoudi Lahcen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study examines the effects of restoration of degraded lands on soils physicochemical properties and adaptability of planted woody species over a period of 4–6 years. It is based on: (1) Physicochemical analyses of soils (granulometry, calcimetry, and organic matter); (2) measures carried out for the dimensioning of anti‐erosion structures; (3) dendrometric measurements on planted woody species on a density from 96 to 625 plants/ha, and the excavations of their root systems. The soils are characterized by low levels of organic matter (<1%), and no calcium carbonate. Soil tillage through deep sub‐soiling resulted in an improvement in soils quality marked by average proportions of clay (28.3%), silt (27.3%) on the anti‐erosion structures, whereas the control sites are dominated by sand particles (64%) on average. The degradation mechanism of anti‐erosion structures is mainly controlled by natural factors including topography, rainfall, and sand content of the soils with strong positive correlations (; ; respectively). Restoration activities have led to the reconstitution of vegetation cover on degraded soils. Eucalyptus camaldulensis groups showed better adaptation as evidenced by their high structural shape parametres including Lorey's mean height (5.16–8.03 m), and mean crown diameter (1.66–3.3 m) with a tracer‐type root system and high root density (74–88 roots) observed at 30 cm from the main stem. This study provides substantial information on the contribution of erosion control measures and their interactions with soil and vegetation resources. It constitutes a scientific tool that is well‐adapted to the Sahelian (Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania and Senegal) context indispensable for the implementation of sustainable development strategies. The results thus obtained can be used as a reference for the choice of woody species to be planted according to the toposequence and the nature of the anti‐erosion structures made, with a good control of their durability while taking into account the productivity of the soils.
Study on the effect of alloying elements Ni, Al, and Si on salt spray corrosion resistance of gray cast iron
Authors: Xu Rongfu , Ma Yihao , Wang Wenhao , Qi Peng , Wang Guangyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of elements such as Ni, Al, and Si in gray cast iron on the atmospheric corrosion resistance of gray cast iron was studied by using corrosion weight gain, salt spray test, electrochemistry, and X‐ray diffraction. The results show that the corrosion behavior of gray cast iron can be divided into two stages. The later stage of corrosion resistance of gray cast iron with Ni element is better than the early stage of corrosion resistance, while the reverse is true for gray cast iron with Al element. There is no significant effect of increasing the Si content on the corrosion behavior of gray cast iron. The corrosion products of each specimen are all composed of Fe2O3, α‐FeOOH, γ‐FeOOH, and Fe3O4. After the comparison test, it can be concluded that the Ni element is seen to be conducive to the formation of protective rust layer with higher α‐FeOOH content. In addition, the rust layer of gray cast iron containing Al is loose and scaly, while the rust layer of gray cast iron containing Ni is dense and spongy. The addition of Ni element can make gray cast iron stable to improve the self‐corrosion potential and reduce the self‐corrosion current density, thus reducing the corrosion rate of gray cast iron.
A geometric alignment for human temporal bone CT images via lateral semicircular canals segmentation
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Fu Peng , Yin Hongxia , Wang Zhenchang , Zhu Ziyao , Qin Yating , Zhuo Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeDue to the different posture of the subject and settings of CT scanners, the CT images of the human temporal bone should be geometrically aligned with multiplanar reconstruction to ensure the symmetry of the bilateral anatomical structure. Manual alignment is a time‐consuming task for radiologists and an important preprocessing step for further computer‐aided CT analysis. We propose a fully automatic alignment algorithm for temporal bone CT images via lateral semicircular canals (LSCs) segmentation.MethodsThe LSCs are segmented with our proposed multifeature fusion network as anchors at first. Then, we define a standard 3D coordinate system and propose an alignment procedure.ResultsThe experimental results show that our LSC segmentation network achieved a higher segmentation accuracy. The acceptable rate is achieved 85% over 910 raw temporal bone CT sequences. The alignment speed is reduced from 10 min by manual to 60s.ConclusionsAiming at the problem of bilateral asymmetry in the raw temporal bone CT images, we propose an automatic geometric alignment method. Our proposed method can help to perform alignment of temporal bone CT images efficiently.
Green biobased P‐N coating: Towards waste‐minimization flame retardant flexible polyurethane foam
Authors: Piao Junxiu , Ren Jinyong , Wang Yaofei , Feng Tingting , Wang Yaxuan , Lu Mingjie , Jiao Chuanmei , Chen Xilei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increasing consumption of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has caused two significant threats: fire hazards and environmental pollution. More seriously, while waste FPUFs can cause pollution, using many flame retardants also results in significant environmental hazards. Here, the novel process to realize the full lifecycle sustainable utilization of flame retardant FPUF was proposed. First, the biobased P‐N coating (LFPN) was green synthesized by mechanochemistry, and the FPUF was finished by polyelectrolyte‐assisted deposition technology. The fire performance index of FPUF was improved by 110.6% after being treated via LFPN. Moreover, the compression resistance of FPUF was enhanced without affecting the resilience. In order to extend the service life for FPUF, FPUF@LFPN can be reused as a sewage treatment material to remove metal pollution from water. Ultimately, the FPUF@LFPN absorbed metals can be converted into high‐value products such as metal oxide/carbon composites through the metal catalytic pyrolysis technique. This process can effectively reduce the fire and environmental hazards caused by FPUF and may provide an innovative train of thought for the green and sustainable use of other porous polymer materials.
A thermoplastic polyurethane/rare earth composite film with adjustable fluorescence colors and optimal low‐temperature flexibility
Authors: Zhu Rongli , Pu Zejun , Wang Xu , Hou Hongbo , Li Xianyong , Zhong Jiachun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a unique series of luminous polymeric rare earth (RE) composite films was produced by loading RE ions into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using solution blending. Compared to RE ions, luminous polymeric RE composites had greater luminescence intensity, indicating that the introduction of polymer polyurethane as the polymer matrix was advantageous for the luminescence intensity and efficiency of RE ions, with the polymer matrix's absorbed energy being transferred to the RE ions. Furthermore, the findings of the optical transmittance, UV–visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectra suggest that TPU‐RE composite films possess exceptional fluorescence luminescence properties and optical transparency. Surprisingly, the fluorescence colors of TPU‐RE fluorescent films could be adjusted between red and green by varying the ratios of Eu3+ and Tb3+ in the films and can be any mixture of red and green hues. In addition, the temperature at 5% weight loss (T5%) for the TPU‐RE composite film composition reached 250 °C. In addition, pure TPU and all TPU‐RE hybrid films demonstrated a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about −30 °C. Simultaneously, the tensile strength of the TPU‐T0E10 film reached its maximum (43.6 MPa). Consequently, the TPU‐RE composite films will be utilized as photoluminescent functional materials. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Flonicamid metabolite 4‐trifluoromethylnicotinamide is a chordotonal organ modulator insecticide†
Authors: Spalthoff Christian , Salgado Vincent L. , Theis Mario , Geurten Bart R. H. , Göpfert Martin C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe selective aphicide flonicamid is known to cause symptoms in aphids that are like those of chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator insecticides such as pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen. Flonicamid is classified by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee as a chordotonal organ modulator with an undefined target site. However, although it has been shown not to act on TRPV channels, flonicamid's action on chordotonal organs has not been documented in the literature.RESULTSFlonicamid causes locusts to extend their hindlegs, indicating an action on the femoral chordotonal organ. In fruit flies, it abolishes negative gravitaxis behavior by disrupting transduction and mechanical amplification in antennal chordotonal neurons. Although flonicamid itself only weakly affects locust chordotonal organs, its major animal metabolite 4‐trifluoromethylnicotinamide (TFNA‐AM) potently stimulates both locust and fly chordotonal organs. Like pymetrozine, TFNA‐AM rapidly increases Ca2+ in antennal chordotonal neurons in wild‐type flies, but not iav1 mutants, yet the effect is nonadditive with the TRPV channel agonist.CONCLUSIONSFlonicamid is a pro‐insecticide form of TFNA‐AM, a potent chordotonal organ modulator. The functional effects of TFNA‐AM on chordotonal organs of locusts and flies are indistinguishable from those of the TRPV agonists pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon and afidopyropen. Because our previous results indicate that TFNA‐AM does not act directly on TRPV channels, we conclude that it acts upstream in a pathway that leads to TRPV channel activation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of sperm cryopreservation on sperm motility and proAKAP4 concentration in mice
Authors: Boersma Auke , Primus Jasmin , Wagner Bettina , Broukal Veronika , Andersen Lill , Pachner Barbara , Dahlhoff Maik , Rülicke Thomas , Auer Kerstin E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe protein proAKAP4 is crucial for sperm motility and has been suggested as an indicator of male fertility. We determined the relationship between proAKAP4 concentration and sperm motility parameters in mice, and investigated the effects of cryopreservation on these variables.MethodsComputer‐assisted sperm analysis and ELISA were applied to determine sperm motility and proAKAP4 concentration in fresh and frozen‐thawed epididymal sperm of SWISS, B6D2F1, C57BL/6N, and BALB/c mice.ResultsProAKAP4 levels ranged between 12 and 89 ng/ml and did not differ between fresh and frozen‐thawed samples, or between strains. We found a negative relationship between proAKAP4 levels and some sperm motility parameters. Sperm traits differed between strains, and cryopreservation negatively affected sperm velocity but not sperm direction parameters.ConclusionProAKAP4 levels in epididymal mouse spermatozoa were unaffected by cryopreservation, highlighting the robustness of this parameter as a potentially time‐independent marker for sperm motility and fertility. The high individual variation in proAKAP4 levels supports the potential role of proAKAP4 as a marker for sperm quality, though we found no positive, and even negative relationships between proAKAP4 levels and some sperm motility parameters. Future studies have to investigate the significance of proAKAP4 as an indicator for fertility in mice.
Validity and reliability of a novel 3D ultrasound approach to assess static lengths and the lengthening behavior of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle and the Achilles tendon in vivo
Authors: Habersack Andreas , Zussner Thomas , Thaller Sigrid , Tilp Markus , Svehlik Martin , Kruse Annika 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Human muscle–tendon units (MTUs) are highly plastic and undergo changes in response to specific diseases and disorders. To investigate the pathological changes and the effects of therapeutic treatments, the use of valid and reliable examination methods is of crucial importance. Therefore, in this study, a simple 3D ultrasound approach was developed and evaluated with regard to: (1) its validity in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) MTU, muscle belly, and Achilles tendon lengths; and (2) its reliability for static and dynamic length measurements.

Methods
Sixteen participants were included in the study. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the novel 3D ultrasound approach, two ultrasound measurement sessions and one MRI assessment were performed. By combining 2D ultrasound and 3D motion capture, the tissue lengths were assessed at a fixed ankle joint position and compared to the MRI measurements using Bland–Altman plots. The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability for the static and dynamic length assessments was determined using the coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC95), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
The 3D ultrasound approach slightly underestimated the length when compared with MRI by 0.7%, 1.5%, and 1.1% for the GM muscle belly, Achilles tendon, and MTU, respectively. The approach showed excellent intra-rater as well as inter-rater reliability, with high ICC (≥ 0.94), small SEM (≤ 1.3 mm), and good MDC95 (≤ 3.6 mm) values, with even better reliability found for the static length measurements.

Conclusion
The proposed 3D ultrasound approach was found to be valid and reliable for the assessment of the GM MTU, muscle belly, and Achilles tendon lengths, as well as the tissue lengthening behavior, confirming its potential as a useful tool for investigating the effects of training interventions or therapeutic treatments (e.g., surgery or conservative treatments such as stretching and orthotics).

Level of evidence
Level II.
Welche Kriterien liegen der Beauftragung gerichtlicher Leichenöffnungen zugrunde, und welche Rückschlüsse ergeben sich für die rechtsmedizinische Praxis?
Authors: Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Germerott Tanja , Walz Cleo 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Entscheidung, ob in einem Todesermittlungsverfahren eine Obduktion veranlasst wird, basiert nicht auf einheitlichen Kriterien. Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass ähnliche Fallkonstellationen je nach SachbearbeiterIn zu unterschiedlichen Entscheidungen führen können. Um ein einheitlicheres Vorgehen rechtsmedizinisch unterstützen zu können, ist ein besseres Verständnis der Entscheidungsprozesse in den Ermittlungsbehörden notwendig.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich primär den folgenden Fragen: Welche Faktoren liegen bei den Auftraggebern der Entscheidung über eine Obduktion zugrunde? Fühlen sich die Akteure ausreichend informiert, um fundierte Empfehlungen abzugeben bzw. Entscheidungen zu treffen? Im zweiten Schritt sollen Möglichkeiten abgeleitet werden, die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Ermittlungsbehörden und Rechtsmedizin zu verbessern.

Methoden
Insgesamt 58 StaatsanwältInnen und mit Todesermittlungsverfahren betraute PolizistInnen in Rheinland-Pfalz wurden im Frühjahr bzw. im Sommer 2021 mittels selbstentwickeltem Online-Fragebogen zu ihrer Vorgehensweise hinsichtlich der Empfehlung bzw. Beantragung einer Obduktion befragt. Es folgten die deskriptive Auswertung und Bewertung im Hinblick auf die Fragestellung.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten die Antworten von 24 StaatsanwältInnen und 34 PolizistInnen ausgewertet werden. Als wichtigstes Umfrageergebnis ist festzuhalten, dass bei StaatsanwältInnen und PolizistInnen Unsicherheiten im Hinblick auf Möglichkeiten und Grenzen gerichtlicher Obduktionen bestehen, insbesondere bei besonderen Fallkonstellationen (z. B. bei Organexplantation). Die Beantragung einer Obduktion fällt den Befragten jedoch grundsätzlich leicht; die Fallaufklärung steht im Vordergrund, während die Kostenfrage eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt.

Diskussion
Aus den Umfrageergebnissen lässt sich die Notwendigkeit eines intensivierten Austauschs mit den Auftraggebern in Form von anlassbezogenen Beratungen und allgemeinen Fortbildungen über Indikationen und Möglichkeiten rechtsmedizinischer Untersuchungen ableiten.