bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal relationships between youth assets, seat belt use as a rider, and the environment
Authors: Tolma E , Vesely S , Oman R , Boeckman L , Aspy C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Positive youth development theory can provide an alternative approach to promote Seat Belt Use while Riding in a Car (SBURC) among youth. The study aims to explore the relationship between youth assets, and the neighborhood environment in predicting SBURC.

Methods
The Youth Asset Study (YAS) is a 4-year (5 waves) longitudinal study of a random sample of 1,111 youth (12-17 years old) and their parents, taking place in a Midwestern city, USA from 2003-2008. Seventeen youth assets were developed. The environment was measured objectively via the broken windows survey and subjectively via parents’ interviews. Assets and environmental factors at Waves 1-4 predicted SBURC at Waves 4-5 while controlling for demographics. Data were analyzed via marginal logistic regression and generalized estimated equations analyses.

Results
The sample consisted of 1001 youth: 53% female; mean age=14.36 (SD = 1.59); 50% with income &lt;$35,000; and 69% two-parent families. The proportion of youth not wearing a seat belt while riding in a car decreased from wave 4 to 5 among all youth. Individually, most assets had a positive relationship with SBURC (ORs ranged from 1.4 to 2.0), with parental monitoring, responsible choices, general aspirations for the future and good health practices having the largest ORs [2.0, 95% CI (1.5, 2.7); 1.9, 95% CI (1.5, 2.6); 1.8, 95% CI (1.2,2.8); 1.8, 95% CI (1.5,2.3)] respectively. Youth with a higher (≥ 12) number of assets were almost twice as likely to use a SBURC than those with a lower (&lt;12) number [OR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.5, 2.3)]. Only one environmental factor, had a significant effect on SBURC [(OR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.45, 0.90)]. Assets retained their impact on SBURC, controlling for the environmental and demographic factors.

Conclusions
Youth assets can be an alternative approach to promote SBURC among teens with emphasis on promoting parental monitoring, responsible choices, general aspirations for the future, and good health practices.

Key messages
• Building youth assets can be another mechanism to promote seat belt use while driving among youth.
• The neighborhood environment might not be as important as other factors are in the promotion of seat belt use while driving.
Promoting migrant health literacy in adult education, from research to practice
Authors: Harsch S , Bittlingmayer U 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
As migration affects health, migrants need context-appropriate health literacy (HL) to maintain and promote health. Possible venues to improve HL are adult education programs, i.e., language courses (LC). However, empirical evidence on these courses and their contribution to HL is scarce. Moreover, general HL recommendations and conceptually developed HL programs often proved unsuitable in practice as they insufficiently incorporate the multiple influences. This paper’s purpose is to show, using key findings, how ethnographic research can contribute to developing appropriate programs and how the transfer from research to practice can succeed.

Methods
The SCURA project conducted extensive ethnographic research on HL in second LC, i.e., 100 h participant observation in 2 classes, 40 teacher interviews, analysis of 24 textbooks, and teacher training. On this basis, we designed programs and drew lessons from comparison with other programs.

Results
The study revealed that health and HL as a situational social practice play a key role in LC e.g., as prerequisites for attendance and learning, part of the syllabus, and an occasion for informal conversations. Multiple concepts of health and HL coexist and influence HL promotion. Besides the setting and course conditions, teachers strongly shape HL activities and students show varying degrees of HL practice. We exposed the complexity and diversity of HL situations, meaning-making processes, strategies to acquire and promote HL, and actual space of action. Then, we developed participatory practicable approaches to promote HL in the educational offer. Compared to other programs, the ethnographic study allowed us to address the major factors, tap into the actual space of action, and increase acceptance, uptake, and sustainability.

Conclusions
Improving HL in existing offers requires a profound understanding of the logic of the field. Ethnographic studies facilitate describing these peculiarities and tailoring interventions.

Key messages
• Ethnographic studies allow understanding the relevant factors, actors, situations, contexts, processes, strategies, the logic within and the scope for action.
• The empirical evidence gained in ethnographic studies enable researchers to develop promising, accepted, and sustainable interventions.
Assessing sun protection practices for children: knowledge and behaviours of parents
Authors: Nemes D , Coman MA 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The development of melanoma in adulthood is strongly associated with sunburns during childhood. Parental knowledge and behaviours play a key role in sun protection behaviour from which children can acquire general and integrated learning patterns. With this being known, numerous positive preventive health behaviours can be initially shaped in the family, with children having parents as a model.

Methods
A cross-sectional approach (web-based questionnaire) was conducted to gather information regarding parents’ knowledge and behaviours of children’s sun protection, alongside the predictors that might influence the adoption of these behaviours, between April and May 2021. The survey was disseminated to 53 primary school teachers from 9 schools in Cluj-Napoca Romania, and the data set included 355 valid surveys (parents with at least one child aged between 0 to 12 years old) out of 476 total surveys. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests of association and logistic regressions were computed.

Results
The study showed differences in children’s sun exposure patterns, their sunburn and parental sun protection behaviour. Overall, parents reported fair sun protection behaviours and children’s sunburn frequency was overall moderate among all children in the previous summer season. However, an increase in children’s age generates an increase in parents’ sunscreen application for their children in both planned and incidental situations. There were statistically significant associations between parents’ sex and their knowledge about the fatal consequences of skin cancer or their level of education and the damage produced by tanning bed usage or sunscreen efficiency measures.

Conclusions
These results are a starting point for various program interventions that can be done for parents in order to increase their knowledge on sun protection practices for their children.

Key messages
• Skin cancer is substantially preventable if unprotected exposure to ultraviolet radiation is reduced during the first years of a child’s life.
• Parental knowledge and behaviors play a key role in sun protection behavior from whom children can acquire general and integrated learning patterns.
Appraising the quality of guidelines for caries management using AGREE II: a systematic review
Authors: Lamloum D , Ferrara P , Arghittu A , Castiglia P , Gaeta M , Odone A , Campus G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Caries is one among the most prevalent dental disease and its prevention and treatment are crucial from both dental care and public health perspectives. Yet, caries’ management greatly varies across contexts according to the availability of specific Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). Here, we present the results of a systematic review aimed at the appraisal of the current available CPGs on caries prevention and treatment.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and seven relevant guidelines databases up to March 2022, exploring CPGs published from 2012. The literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II checklist was used to measure the methodological rigour and quality of the retrieved CPGs.

Results
The systematic search resulted in a total of 1403 records, and 21 CPGs met the inclusion criteria. Overall, these considered different aspects of caries prevention and treatment. Regarding the appraisal through the AGREE II tool, the overall median score was 60.2% and 11 out of 21 CPGs were classified as “Recommended”, while the others as “Recommended with modification”. The domain analysis showed that the highest median scores were reached for Scope and Purpose (88.9%), Clarity of Presentation (86.9%), and Rigor of Development (67.8%), while the lowest were seen for Stakeholder Involvement (63.3%), Applicability (17.5%), and Editorial Independence (50%).

Conclusions
This systematic review showed that the rigor of CPGs for caries prevention and treatment remained suboptimal according to AGREE II evaluation, and highlighted that more efforts are needed to improve their quality. The AGREE II checklist is a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool for the development of CPGs, and its use ensures that evidence-based approaches are incorporated into consistent recommendations for the translation of evidence into practice.

Key messages
• The rigor of CPGs for caries prevention and treatment is suboptimal according to AGREE II evaluation, however, more efforts are needed to improve their quality.
• The AGREE II checklist is a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool for the development of CPGs.
Exploring behavior change motivation in an outpatient sample with more than one health risk behavior
Authors: Voigt L , Ullrich A , Ulbricht S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence from western countries shows that the majority of adults have two or more health risk behaviors. The motivation to engage in a health behavior change (HBC) is the most proximal determinant of behavior change in the future. The aim of this study was to investigate the intention to increase physical activity and to quit smoking in an outpatient sample that show both health risk behaviors.

Methods
We used baseline data (n = 109) of an intervention study (Germany, 2016-2019) on physical activity and smoking cessation. Eligibility criteria were: aged 40 to 65 years, systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg, no history of cardiovascular event or vascular intervention. We collected information on HBC motivation, sex, age, and self-rated health (SRH) and identified 32 physically inactive smokers. Descriptive analyses and Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the proportion of those motivated for HBC and differences according to sex, age (45-55 vs. 56-65 years), and SRH (excellent-good vs. poor-very poor).

Results
Participants (50% female) were on average 52.6 years old and 78% had school education ≤10 years. Overall, 44% intended to change physical inactivity only, 34% intended to change both behaviors, 13% wanted to change neither, and 9% intended to change smoking only. There was no difference in HBC motivation according to sex and age. But, there was a significant difference according to SRH (Fisher’s exact = 0.048); e.g., there were more individuals motivated to change both behaviors among those with lower SRH (64%) compared to those with higher SRH (19%).

Conclusions
In this baseline sample of an intervention study, the majority of participants intended to change physical inactivity but not smoking. Among those with lower SRH, almost two-thirds intended to change both behaviors. Thus, individuals with more than one health risk behavior differ in their HBC motivation. Lower SRH may offer a window of opportunity to promote HBC interventions.

Key messages
• Physically inactive smokers with a systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg differ in their motivation to change these behaviors.
• Lower self-rated health may offer a window of opportunity to promote interventions to change health behavior.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 infodemic on older people in the region of Crete
Authors: Vagionaki K , Papadakaki M , Petelos E , Lionis C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by an unprecedented infodemic, a key global public health challenge. Older people are more susceptible to COVID-19 and to misinformation, with WHO indicating the need for research on how people process and manage information in physical and digital environments to better understand how this phenomenon affects individuals. A qualitative study was developed in to explore the infodemic impact on elderly groups (eligible beneficiaries, aged 60-75 y, users of social services in the Heraklion Regional Unit, Crete Greece). Preliminary results indicate low trust levels for information delivered online and through media. Physicians remain the most trusted and preferred source of information, yet participants questioned their expertise level given the various issues emerging during the pandemic. Most of them report poor quality, incomplete information and point out the misleading role of media pluralism. Key topics of concern include the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The majority strongly believes that coronavirus is of lab origin, as they have read on the Internet. They are also susceptible to fake news and myths surrounding COVID-19 vaccines. Many of them also suffer from “pandemic fatigue”, i.e., information overload, preferring not to further follow COVID-19 updates. Fear about their vulnerability was the major factor mentioned regarding scientific evidence, stating they prefer information to be conveyed clearly and in an understandable manner. Some exchange information with relatives and friends whilst others prefer not to discuss COVID-19, unless they consider the other person knows more than they do. Nevertheless, they all believe they make the best choices on how to protect their health, whilst having mixed feelings about the manner and content of communication received both in physical and digital environments.

Key messages
• COVID-19 care for the elderly should encompass infodemic management elements, incl. information presented using simple terms, from updated and regularly verified sources, ideally in printed form.
• Health and social care professionals’ training should include media discourse, compassionate care, and motivational communication techniques rather than directional speeches of coercion and fear.
A study on doctors’ health status living in Turkey
Authors: Sengelen M , Erisgen G 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Health is a human right for every individual independent from his/her occupation. If provided, physicians’ wellbeing might also have a positive influence on the patient care and the population health. In this paper, health (or risky) behaviors, and health status of a group of doctors in Turkey were presented based on the results of a descriptive study.

Methods
Study population was accessed via google form created by the Turkish Medical Association. 626 physicians participated in the study. Perception of health status, nutritional status, tobacco use, and physical activity status of the participants were recorded. Doctors were also asked about their chronic disease existence. Ethical approval and institutional permission were obtained before the study. Study was conducted between 2020 and 2021. Logistic regression analysis was performed for further analysis.

Results
Of the 626 physicians participating in the study, 374 (59.7%) were male and 252 (40.3%) were female. Mean age of the physicians was 45.3±10.7. 58.3% (n = 359) of the physicians perceive themselves as healthy and very healthy. 57.8% (n = 362) of the physicians stated their eating habits as healthy. Majority of the physicians (n = 516, 82.4%) were not doing enough physical activity as recommended by the World Health Organization. 28.0% of the physicians (n = 175) used tobacco products. 48.1% of the physicians (n = 301) had a chronic disease. The three most frequently mentioned chronic diseases have been cardiovascular diseases (n = 141; 46.8%), diabetes mellitus (n = 67; 22.2%) and mental diseases (n = 42; 13.9%). Young age, positive perception of health, not using tobacco decreased the chronic disease risk in the logistic regression model.

Conclusions
Physicians were not good in performing healthy life behaviors and almost one out of two doctors had a chronic disease. Our results emphasized a strong need to enhance a program for the doctors to integrate healthy life skills into their life practices.

Key messages
• Doctors have poor health which can also influence population health.
• Medical associations may lead to enhance healthy life practices among doctors.
Multiprofessional teamwork in Finnish health and social service centers, experiences of managers
Authors: Sinervo T , Hietapakka L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Health and social service centers are developed for the first contact points in Finland. Long waiting times, shortage of staff and lack of coordination have been major problems in primary care. As a solution, multiprofessional teams and better collaboration between professionals have been built. This study explores, how the teams work and what challenges they have.

Methods
The study is based on 16 interviews (25 managers) in 5 health and social services centers. County provided specialized care in the whole area as well as primary services in two centers, one center was provided by a municipality, and two by a private firm. The managers were asked about work organization, their experiences of the team model and about well-being of employees. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
The managers saw the team work as functioning rather well. They also highlighted effective digital services and task shifting. Easy consultation of GP’ was important as nurses were the first contact for clients in phone. In this call, the client’ case was tried to be handled as far as possible. The competences of new professionals, such as social workers or psychiatric nurses had high value for the team. But the service processes and team-building were in progress. Working in mutual facilities and easy consultation of professionals was seen important. In most organizations clients were separated to different teams based on their service needs (acute or chronic conditions), or earlier clientele. As a result, some teams gained a more burdensome clientele, which increased stress.

Conclusions
Multiprofessional work can streamline and improve the treatment process, but this requires more information which ways to collaborate work best for the clients and professionals.

Key messages
• Multiprofessional team work, task shifting and digital services may increase efficiency and well-being of workers at health and social centers.
• Easy consultation of GP’s is required for task shifting.
Developing and implementing a methodology for forecasting of medical doctors in Slovenia
Authors: Albreht T , Ogrin-Rehberger P , Povž B 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue/problem
Modelling and forecasting the number of health professionals in Slovenia, in particular medical doctors, and nurses, has been a serious challenge for health policy for decades. No serious methodology has ever been implemented to support this process.

Description of the problem
Methodology was developed with the support of the EU SRSS (Structural Reform Support Service) mechanism and further adapted according to the specifics of the Slovenian health system and of the needs of the MoH. The project took two years and was developed jointly with the relevant stakeholders - MoH, National Health Insurance, Medical and Nursing Chambers, Association of Public providers of health care. It was building on the experiences of Austria and Germany. Methodology included the supply and demand side of retrospective data and forecasting data on the population demographic structure as well as the current numbers of doctors and nurses in training.

Results
We have developed a model for forecasting the needs for medical specialists and we tested it on the example of paediatrics, gynaecology, orthopaedics, general surgery, neurology, infectious diseases, and urology. We calculated the forecasted needed numbers for the year 2035 for each of the specialties, where we also indicated the increases and decreases in demand expected based on the demographic, epidemiological and service use projections.

Lessons
Most importantly, the report was endorsed by all the participating stakeholders in the process. The MoH adopted the methodology as a part of the planning mechanism for prospective and current needs for medical specialists in training. Some flaws in the processes identified together with the inadequacies in the updating of data on health professionals led to the MoH’s recommendations to providers on regularly updating their data in the national health providers’ registry.

Key messages
• Methodology developed in the project was implemented as a part of the requirement for the planning of medical specialists.
• Processes enacted in the project contributed to the improvements in the national health providers registry.
The effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the compliance of hand hygiene in ICU in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Russo Sanjuanbenito M , Urquijo Valdovinos MJ , Sánchez de la Ventana AB , Ibáñez Rebe M , Carnicer Gil I , Blanco Maestro T , Mascaraque Sánchez L , Fuentes Ferrer M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Hand hygiene (HH) is one of the main preventive methods for healthcare-associated infections. Our aim is to compare the level of HH compliance in 2021, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period, with the previous 2019 period.

Methods
Descriptive cross-sectional study of direct observation on compliance of HH in adult intensive care unit (AICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a third-level hospital in Madrid during the years 2019 and 2021. Trained healthcare workers observed and recorded hand hygiene opportunities (HHO) among staff (nurse, nurses’ aide, physicians and orderly) using the World Health Organization's “My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene” tool. All observations of professional that attended patients in SARS-CoV-2 isolation units were excluded.

Results
Overall, there was a total of 1199 HHO, 961 in AICU (2019:466; 2021:495) and 238 in NICU (2019:122; 2021:116). HH compliance in AICU improved from 57.5% in 2019 to 65.9% in 2021 (p = 0.008) and remained unchanged in NICU (2019:90.2% vs 2021:88.8%; p = 0.730). In AICU all professional categories, except nurse’s aide, improved HH compliance being statistically significant in physicians (2019:33.8% vs 2021:50.0%; p = 0.009). In relation to the 5 moments, an increase in HH compliance was observed in: before and after touching a patient/after touching patient surroundings, being only statistically significant in moment after touching a patient (2019:69.4% vs 2021:83.7%; p = 0.001). In NICU there were no significant changes between the two periods regarding to the professional category or the five moments of HH. In NICU there were no significant changes between the two periods regarding to the professional category or the five moments of HH.

Conclusions
The increase in compliance of HH within the adult ICUs demonstrates this adaptation, stating a behavioural change in the habits of professionals. This increase was no observed in the NICU since their compliance was already extremely high.

Key messages
• There has been an increase in HH compliance in the AICU.
• The HH method has varied, becoming COVID-19 specific.