bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy food-producing animals in Pakistan
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Rahman Sadeeq Ur , Bilal Hazrat , Ullah Aftab , Noman Sohail Muhammad , Zeng Mi , Yuan Yumeng , Xie Qingdong , Li Xin , Jiao Xiaoyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the occurrence and molecular features of ESBL-producing and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy food-producing animals in Pakistan.

Methods
A total of 153 E. coli isolates were recovered from 250 faecal samples collected from livestock and poultry. The antibiotic susceptibility, resistant determinants and mobile genetic elements were determined for all the isolates. The clonal relatedness was analysed by MLST. Plasmids harbouring, localization and transferability of mcr-1 gene were carried out by Southern hybridization, S1-PFGE and transconjugation.

Results
Out of 153 E. coli strains, 49.01% isolates were ESBLs producers, whereas 18.95% were resistant to colistin and 84.31% of the isolates. Multidrug resistance was found in 84% of the isolates. The ESBL-producing E. coli in buffaloes, cattle, sheep, goat and broilers faecal samples were 60%, 74%, 54%, 50% and 68%, respectively. Among the ESBLs genes, blaCTX-M was the most prevalent group detected in 98.66%, while only mcr-1 of the colistin-resistant genes could be PCR amplified in 29 isolates. The common MGEs found were ISECP1 (35.13%), ISCR1 (33.78%), ISApl1 (20.27%) and Inti1 (58.10%). The most predominant Inc. types found were IncFIB 46.66%, followed by IncFIA 30.66%, IncFIC 26.66%, IncFrepB 26.66%, IncHI2 26.66%, IncP 22.66% and IncX4 21.33%. The most frequent sequence type detected was ST58. Southern blot and S1-PFGE confirmed the plasmid harbouring of mcr-1 gene.

Conclusion
The co-occurrence of mcr-1 and ESBLs-encoding genes, along with MGEs in E. coli from healthy food animals in Pakistan, is a major concern.

Significance and Impact of Study
Antimicrobial resistance can be transferred from animals to humans by direct contact or via the food chain and environment. The prevalence and co-occurrence of ESBL and colistin resistance genes from food-producing animals is rare in Pakistan. To our knowledge, this is the first report to find ESBLs and mcr-1-harbouring E. coli from the faecal samples of the healthy food-producing animals in Pakistan. The presence of ARGs in association with MGEs, co-harbouring the virulence factors, as determined in the current study, is a severe threat to livestock and the human community as it has horizontally and food web transferability.
Maternal incarceration in a provincial prison in Canada: A qualitative study
Authors: Paynter Martha , Heggie Clare , Matheson Lauren , Rillie Claire , Beals Dominica , Bray Mirinda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore the experiences of provincially incarcerated mothers in Nova Scotia, Canada; and to make recommendations with respect to improving the experiences of mothers facing criminalization and their children.DesignThis qualitative study is rooted in feminist standpoint theory, community‐based research methodologies and prison abolition.MethodsMothers who were currently or previously incarcerated were recruited by community partners. Between Fall 2021 and Winter 2022, 14 individual interviews and one focus group were conducted, for a total of 18 study participants. Data were analysed collaboratively using thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes were developed through the data analysis: Maintaining Connection, Broken Bonds and The Damage. Mothers shared experiences of trying to maintain connections with their children through numerous challenges, including emotional distress caused by the separation and significant logistical and financial barriers. Mothers felt their children unfairly bore the burden of their incarceration. They experienced a lack of or outright denial of services while incarcerated, and a lack of transitional support on release, making working towards parenting again difficult and discouraging.ConclusionFor participants in our study, separation from their children during incarceration caused severe emotional distress and had serious implications on their right to parent and their relationships with their children. Incarceration for even brief periods has detrimental social impacts, and release planning does not prepare people for the challenges of repairing that damage. Conditions of maternal incarceration are in violation of international human rights laws.ImpactAlthough we make some recommendations for reform (e.g. free phone calls), we focus on alternatives to incarceration for mothers experiencing criminalization. Findings will be shared with relevant institutional partners with the goal of impacting sentencing and incarceration practices.
Justice, Collective Self‐Determination, and the Ethics of Immigration Control
Authors: Song Sarah 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis article brings Gillian Brock and Alex Sager's recently published books into conversation with my book, Immigration and Democracy. It begins with a summary of the main normative arguments of my book to set the stage for critical engagement with Brock and Sager's books. While I agree with Brock's Justice for People on the Move that state power must be justified to both insiders and outsiders, I think she gives too little weight to the value of collective self‐determination. I distinguish between justice and collective self‐determination and argue that each is an important component of legitimacy. Sager's Against Borders focuses on immigration enforcement and contends that violence is inherent in border controls. Every legal system is backed by the threat of the use of force; the question is whether the use of force by state agents is justified. In contrast to Sager, I argue that the proper response to the injustices of current immigration enforcement is reform, not abolition, of the immigration system.
Disruption of amphetamine sensitization by alteration of dendritic thin spines in the nucleus accumbens core
Authors: Cai Wen Ting , Kim Wha Young , Kwak Myung Ji , Rim Haeun , Lee Seung Eun , Riecken Lars Björn , Morrison Helen , Kim Jeong‐Hoon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRepeated injections of psychomotor stimulants like amphetamine (AMPH) to rodents can induce behavioral sensitization, which represents a long‐lasting craving that is usually observed in human addicts. Behavioral sensitization is characteristically maintained for a long duration, accompanied by structural plasticity in some brain areas involved in reward circuitry. For example, it increased dendritic spine densities in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), which is considered to reflect neurophysiological changes at this site, leading to addictive behaviors. The ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) proteins regulate spine maturity by modifying their phosphorylation at the C‐terminal region. We previously showed that ERM phosphorylation is reduced by AMPH in the NAcc core, suggesting that ERM‐mediated spine changes at this site might be associated with AMPH sensitization. To test this hypothesis, we administered AMPH to rats according to a sensitization development schedule, with lentivirus encoding a phosphomimetic pseudo‐active mutant of radixin (Rdx T564D) in the NAcc core, and examined dendritic spines at this site. We found that compared to acute AMPH, AMPH sensitization increased thin spine density with a similar ratio of filopodia‐like to mature thin spines. However, with Rdx T564D, the density of thin spines increased, with augmented filopodia‐like thin spines, resulting in no AMPH sensitization. These results indicate that Rdx T564D forces thin spines to immaturity and thereby inhibits AMPH sensitization, for which an increase in mature thin spines is normally necessary. These findings provide significant clues to our understanding of the role of dendritic spines in mediating the development of psychomotor stimulant addiction.image
Effects of replacement of corn silage and distillers' grain diets with hay during prepartum on the health and production performance of dairy heifers postpartum
Authors: Luo Zhengzhong , Yong Kang , Huang Yixin , Zhang Chuanshi , Shen Liuhong , Jiang Hua , Yang Xiao , Zhang Yong , Cao Suizhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of prepartum replacement of corn silage and distillers' grain diets with hay on the postpartum health and production performance in dairy heifers. Pregnant Holstein dairy heifers were randomly assigned to two groups and fed different diets with the same net energy and protein concentrations. The low corn silage plus hay (CH) group diet mainly contained oat hay (28.5%), corn silage (25%) and folium ginkgo (23%). The high corn silage plus distillers' grains (CD) group diet contained corn silage (53.5%), distillers' grains (5%) and folium ginkgo (18%). Dairy heifers were fed from the beginning of pregnancy to the end of the transition period. Calf birthweight, postpartum morbidity, milk production and reproductive performance were determined. Compared with the cows in the CH group, those in the CD group presented increased calf birthweight and a high risk of some postpartum disorders (p < 0.05), particularly ketosis (37.63% vs. 24.54%) and retained placenta (9.41% vs. 3.92%). However, there was no difference between the groups in reproductive performance, including first timed artificial insemination (TAI) rate, date of TAI and conception rate of TAI. The lactation curves showed no difference in milk yield during the peak lactation period of primiparous cows between the CH and CD groups; the total milk production was 33.39 kg and 33.19 kg respectively. Notably, the time to peak milk production was delayed in the CD group. It can be concluded that replacing corn silage and distillers' grains with hay can reduce postpartum morbidity in dairy heifers and shorten the time to peak milk production.
LOTVS: A global collection of permanent vegetation plots
Authors: Sperandii Marta Gaia , de Bello Francesco , Valencia Enrique , Götzenberger Lars , Bazzichetto Manuele , Galland Thomas , E‐Vojtkó Anna , Conti Luisa , Adler Peter B. , Buckley Hannah , Danihelka Jiří , Day Nicola J. , Dengler Jürgen , Eldridge David J. , Estiarte Marc , García‐González Ricardo , Garnier Eric , Gómez‐García Daniel , Hallett Lauren , Harrison Susan , Herben Tomas , Ibáñez Ricardo , Jentsch Anke , Juergens Norbert , Kertész Miklós , Kimuyu Duncan M. , Klumpp Katja , Le Duc Mike , Louault Frédérique , Marrs Rob H. , Ónodi Gábor , Pakeman Robin J. , Pärtel Meelis , Peco Begoña , Peñuelas Josep , Rueda Marta , Schmidt Wolfgang , Schmiedel Ute , Schuetz Martin , Skalova Hana , Šmilauer Petr , Šmilauerová Marie , Smit Christian , Song Ming‐Hua , Stock Martin , Val James , Vandvik Vigdis , Wesche Karsten , Wiser Susan K. , Woodcock Ben A. , Young Truman P. , Yu Fei‐Hai , Wolf Amelia A. , Zobel Martin , Lepš Jan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnalysing temporal patterns in plant communities is extremely important to quantify the extent and the consequences of ecological changes, especially considering the current biodiversity crisis. Long‐term data collected through the regular sampling of permanent plots represent the most accurate resource to study ecological succession, analyse the stability of a community over time and understand the mechanisms driving vegetation change. We hereby present the LOng‐Term Vegetation Sampling (LOTVS) initiative, a global collection of vegetation time‐series derived from the regular monitoring of plant species in permanent plots. With 79 data sets from five continents and 7,789 vegetation time‐series monitored for at least 6 years and mostly on an annual basis, LOTVS possibly represents the largest collection of temporally fine‐grained vegetation time‐series derived from permanent plots and made accessible to the research community. As such, it has an outstanding potential to support innovative research in the fields of vegetation science, plant ecology and temporal ecology.
A Systematic Review of Research Syntheses on Students with Mathematics Learning Disabilities and Difficulties
Authors: Nelson Gena , Crawford Angela , Hunt Jessica , Park Soyoung , Leckie Emily , Duarte Alex , Brafford Tasia , Ramos‐Duke Mary , Zarate Kary 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the systematic review of mathematics intervention syntheses was to identify patterns and gaps in content areas, instructional strategies, effect sizes, and definitions of learning disabilities (LD), mathematics LD (MLD), and mathematics difficulty (MD). Using rigorous inclusion criteria, we evaluated 36 syntheses that included 836 studies with 32,495 participants. Although each synthesis stated a focus on LD, MLD, or MD, few students with LD or MLD were included, and the authors’ operational definitions of disability and risk varied. Syntheses predominantly focused on word‐problem solving, fractions, computer‐assisted learning, and schema‐based instruction. Wide variation in effectiveness, content areas, and instructional strategies was reported. Finally, our results indicate the majority of syntheses included achievement outcomes, but very few reported on other outcomes (e.g., social validity, strategy use). We discuss how the results of this comprehensive review can guide researchers in expanding the knowledgebase on mathematics interventions.
Revisiting the determinants of house prices in China’s megacities: Cross‐sectional heterogeneity, interdependencies and spillovers
Authors: Liu Chunping , Ou Zhirong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe revisit the determinants of house prices in China’s megacities. Previous work on similar topics fails to account for the widespread cross‐sectional heterogeneity and interdependencies, despite the importance of them. Using a PVAR estimated by the Bayesian method allowing for these features, we find each city is rather unique, especially on the extent to which local house prices are disturbed by external house price shocks. The spillovers may be partly related to the demand side before 2010, but seems more related to supply factors thereafter, due to the imposition of property purchase restrictions. The new evidence we establish therefore suggests that city‐level stabilisation of house prices should fully respect local features, including how local markets respond to external disturbances.
The importance of alternative splicing in adaptive evolution
Authors: Singh Pooja , Ahi Ehsan Pashay 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough alternative splicing is a ubiquitous co‐transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism in plants, animals and fungi, its contribution to evolutionary transitions is understudied. Alternative splicing enables different mRNA isoforms to be generated from the same gene, expanding transcriptomic and thus proteomic diversity. While the role of gene expression variation in adaptive evolution is widely accepted, biologists still debate the functional impact of alternative isoforms on phenotype. In light of recent empirical research linking splice variation to ecological adaptations, we propose that alternative splicing is an important substrate for adaptive evolution and speciation, particularly at short timescales. In this article we synthesise what is known about the role of alternative splicing in adaptive evolution. We discuss the contribution of standing splice variation to phenotypic plasticity and how hybridisation can produce novel splice forms. Going forwards, we propose that alternative splicing be included as a standard analysis alongside gene expression analysis so we can better understand of how alternative splicing contributes to adaptive divergence at the micro‐ and macroevolutionary levels.
Differential photoregulation of the nuclear and cytoplasmic CRY1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Zhang Li , Gao Lin , Chen Ziyin , Bie Yaxue , Zhao Qiannan , Zhang Shanshan , Hu Xiaohua , Liu Qing , Wang Xu , Wang Qin 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is a blue light receptor distributed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nuclear CRY1, but not cytoplasmic CRY1, mediates blue light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. However, the photobiochemical mechanisms distinguishing the CRY1 protein in the two subcellular compartments remains unclear. Here we show that the nuclear CRY1, but not the cytoplasmic CRY1, is regulated by phosphorylation, polyubiquitination and 26S proteasome‐dependent proteolysis in response to blue light. The blue light‐dependent CRY1 degradation is observed only under high fluences of blue light.

The nuclear specificity and high fluence dependency of CRY1 explain why this photochemical regulatory mechanism of CRY1 was not observed previously and it further supports the hypothesis that CRY1 is a high light receptor regulating photomorphogenesis.

We further show that the nuclear CRY1, but not cytoplasmic CRY1, undergoes blue light‐dependent phosphorylation by photoregulatory protein kinase 1 (PPK1) followed by polyubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cul4COP1/SPAs, resulting in the blue light‐dependent proteolysis. Both phosphorylation and ubiquitination of nuclear CRY1 are inhibited by blue‐light inhibitor of cryptochromes 1 (BIC1), demonstrating the involvement of photo‐oligomerization of the nuclear CRY1.

These finding reveals a photochemical mechanism that differentially regulates the physiological activity of the CRY1 photoreceptor in distinct subcellular compartments.
Partial Identification and Estimation of Semiparametric Ordered Response Models with Interval Regressor Data*
Authors: Wang Xi , Chen Songnian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn many micro‐data studies, the dependent variable often involves ordered categories and at least one regressor is measured by the interval rather than the precise value. This paper considers partial identification of such an ordered response model when point identification fails. We show the identified set of non‐intercept coefficients is the intersection of those for composite binary response models. We also propose a generalized modified maximum score set (GMMS) estimator. A practical implication of our finding is researchers can shrink the identified set and obtain more precise inference by designing as many as categories of response in a questionnaire during data collection. Another advantage is our theoretical finding can be used to infer the identified region in the multinomial choice model. A Monte Carlo study is conducted to illustrate the main finding in a finite sample. Finally, we apply GMMS estimator to a job satisfaction study using US data with the interval income.
Testing for Asymmetric Comovements*
Authors: Chuang O‐Chia , Song Xiaojun , Taamouti Abderrahim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to provide non‐parametric tests for asymmetric comovements between random variables. We consider the popular Cramér‐von Mises and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistics based on the distance between positive and negative joint conditional exceedance distribution functions. These tests can capture both linear and nonlinear dependence in the data and do not require selecting kernel functions and bandwidths. We derive the asymptotic distributions of the tests and establish the validity of a block multiplier‐type bootstrap that one can use in finite‐sample settings. We also show that these tests are consistent for any fixed alternative and have non‐trivial power for detecting local alternatives converging to the null at the parametric rate. Monte Carlo simulations and a real financial data analysis illustrate satisfactory performance of the proposed tests.
Network structures and network effects across management and policy contexts: A systematic review
Authors: Hu Qian , Medina Alejandra , Siciliano Michael D. , Wang Weijie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe wide application of networks in public administration has been driven by the practical need to address increasingly complex management and policy problems. To understand the outcomes of network structures, we reviewed empirical network research and examined the effects of six network structural properties across the five most studied policy domains. We found that certain structural properties such as global connectedness were consistently associated with positive network effects. Other structures such as brokerage/structural holes provided mixed findings, depending on the policy domain. Overall, our field is still in the early stages of developing research on network effects. The number of hypotheses on both node‐level and system‐level effects in any policy domain was relatively small. Most studies focused only on a single network at a single point in time, and thus very little work currently exists that examines the influence of contextual factors and their combined effects with network structures.
Manufacturing the placebo effect
Authors: Hardman Doug 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the context of modern medicine, the placebo effect is a troublesome and controversial phrase. In this paper, I use investigative ordinary language philosophy to try to get clear on what it means. In so doing, I uncover three points. (i) The placebo effect makes sense in research but not clinical practice. (ii) To make the phrase make sense in clinical practice, we must manufacture a situation in which we can change linguistic habits. (iii) Such action is not necessary because in clinical practice we do better with other, more settled words and phrases.
Esthetic complications in implant dentistry
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Sader Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEsthetic complications in implant dentistry have become a significant consideration for patients and practitioners. This review presents an appraisal on the current knowledge of the physiological peri‐implant soft‐tissue dimensions and factors that may compromise peri‐implant tissue esthetics. Factors such as papilla fill adjacent to the implant and midfacial mucosal height are critical parameters that determine the esthetic success of implant‐supported restorations. Papilla fill adjacent to a single dental implant appears to depend upon the clinical attachment level of the neighboring tooth. A horizontal inter‐implant distance of at least 3 mm is necessary to ensure optimal interproximal mucosal embrasure between two adjacent implants in the anterior maxilla. In cases where implants cannot be placed at least 3 mm apart, a single implant with a cantilever bridge should be considered. Buccolingual implant positioning plays a major role in midfacial mucosal height. Soft‐tissue volume grafting following immediate implant placement in the presence of a thin soft‐tissue phenotype or simultaneous to surgical peri‐implantitis therapy might help to overcome facial mucosa recession.