bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a real-world network to model the trade-off between stay-at-home restriction, vaccination, social distancing and working hours on COVID-19 dynamics
Authors: Nashebi Ramin , Sari Murat , Kotil Seyfullah 
Published: December 2022

Background
Human behaviour, economic activity, vaccination, and social distancing are inseparably entangled in epidemic management. This study aims to investigate the effects of various parameters such as stay-at-home restrictions, work hours, vaccination, and social distance on the containment of pandemics such as COVID-19.

Methods
To achieve this, we have developed an agent based model based on a time-dynamic graph with stochastic transmission events. The graph is constructed from a real-world social network. The edges of graph have been categorized into three categories: home, workplaces, and social environment. The conditions needed to mitigate the spread of wild-type COVID-19 and the delta variant have been analyzed. Our purposeful agent based model has carefully executed tens of thousands of individual-based simulations. We propose simple relationships for the trade-offs between effective reproduction number (Re), transmission rate, working hours, vaccination, and stay-at-home restrictions.

Results
We have found that the effect of a 13.6% increase in vaccination for wild-type (WT) COVID-19 is equivalent to reducing four hours of work or a one-day stay-at-home restriction. For the delta, 20.2% vaccination has the same effect. Also, since we can keep track of household and non-household infections, we observed that the change in household transmission rate does not significantly alter the Re. Household infections are not limited by transmission rate due to the high frequency of connections. For the specifications of COVID-19, the Re depends on the non-household transmissions rate.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight that decreasing working hours is the least effective among the non-pharmaceutical interventions. Our results suggest that policymakers decrease work-related activities as a last resort and should probably not do so when the effects are minimal, as shown. Furthermore, the enforcement of stay-at-home restrictions is moderately effective and can be used in conjunction with other measures if absolutely necessary.
Entrepreneurship in Family Businesses and their Impact on the Social Business Development in Trujillo-Peru
Authors: Aguilar-Luján Mily Jovana 
Published: December 2022

The objective of this research was to know in depth to what extent and in what way entrepreneurship in family businesses affects the social business development of the city of Trujillo 2022. The research was applied, Mixed approach. In relation to the quantitative method, we proceeded from the observation, formulation of the hypothesis and, finally, the qualitative method was applied to deepen the understanding and explanation of the results. Explanatory sequential design was applied. The type of quantitative design was causal, non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive correlational. The variables considered in this study were entrepreneurship in family businesses and business social development. The population was made up of family businesses in the city of Trujillo and the sample was randomly selected with a sample size of 73. The technique used for data collection was the survey, in the quantitative part and for the qualitative part the interview was used. The data collection instrument was the questionnaire in quantitative research and the interview guide for qualitative research. Results evidenced the relationship between family entrepreneurship and social business development in the areas of footwear and manufacturing of Freedom. The level of family entrepreneurship in footwear and manufacturing was located with 72% at a good level and 62% regular. A perception of business social development was observed at a good level of 73% and fair 58%, social sustainability 74% is located in good and 57% regular, economic sustainability focuses on good with 66% and on regular 56% and finally, environmental sustainability was located in good 73 % and fair 56%, This is due to the reduction of gas emissions, waste and recycling of materials. It showed the relationship between family entrepreneurship and social, economic and environmental sustainability in footwear and manufacturing.
Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Petty W. Jeffrey , Paz-Ares Luis 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease that is characterized by rapid growth and the early development of metastases. Patients typically respond to initial chemotherapy but quickly experience relapse, resulting in a poor long-term outcome. Therapeutic innovations that substantially improve survival have historically been limited, and reliable, predictive biomarkers are lacking.ObservationsThis review examines the biologic characteristics of SCLC, the current treatment landscape, and ongoing efforts to identify novel therapeutic targets. Ongoing research has advanced the understanding of molecular categories and the immunologic microenvironment of SCLC, which in turn has helped improve disease classification and staging. Recently, immunotherapy-based regimens have become available for the management of SCLC, with 2 programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 inhibitors approved in combination with chemotherapy for first-line treatment of extensive-stage disease. For second-line treatment, a novel alkylating agent, lurbinectedin, which inhibits oncogenic transcription, has been approved for use in patients with metastatic SCLC. Furthermore, a wide variety of therapies and innovative combination regimens are being continuously evaluated. Potential therapeutic strategies, including aurora kinase A inhibitors, polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitors, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitors, delta-like protein 3 agents, antiganglioside agents, CD47 inhibitors, and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1a inhibitors, are also being examined.Conclusions and RelevanceTherapeutic optimization of SCLC remains a challenge, but recent trial results and drug approvals are encouraging. Advances in research have revealed critical information regarding biologic characteristics of the disease, which may lead to the identification of vulnerabilities and the development of new therapies. Further research focused on identifying biomarkers and evaluating innovative therapies will be paramount to improving treatment outcomes for patients with SCLC.
A clinical mutation in glucokinase causing maturity‐onset diabetes in the young type 2 increases enzyme activity
Authors: Aránguiz Oscar , Rivera Rodrigo , Durruty Pilar , Seelenfreund Daniela , Báez Mauricio 
Published: December 2022

Glucokinase (GCK) is the pancreatic β‐cell glucose sensor, and its kinetics are key to that purpose. A slow transition step, displayed as non‐hyperbolic kinetics, and a low affinity for glucose characterize GCK. Mutations in GCK associated with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) previously described reduce the functionality of the human pancreatic β‐cell, leading to diabetic clinical phenotypes. We present a kinetic characterization of the G448D mutation identified in a MODY2 patient, which is one of the first mutations to exhibit increased functionality. This mutant displays increased activity, high affinity for both Mg2+‐ATP and glucose, hyperbolic kinetics and increased phosphorylation potential. Hyperbolic kinetics and assays in the presence of glycerol indicate that G448D lacks the slow transition step crucial for the pancreatic β‐cell glucose sensor function.
Cotranslational folding of human growth hormone in vitro and in Escherichia coli
Authors: Mermans Daphne , Nicolaus Felix , Baygin Aysel , von Heijne Gunnar 
Published: December 2022

Human growth hormone (hGH) is a four‐helix bundle protein of considerable pharmacological interest. Recombinant hGH is produced in bacteria, yet little is known about its folding during expression in Escherichia coli. We have studied the cotranslational folding of hGH using force profile analysis (FPA), both during in vitro translation in the absence and presence of the chaperone trigger factor (TF), and when expressed in E. coli. We find that the main folding transition starts before hGH is completely released from the ribosome, and that it can interact with TF and possibly other chaperones.
Spatial Field
Authors: Bolin David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpatial fields, aka random fields, are important models for analyzing data collected at different spatial locations. This article provides a short introduction to spatial fields for continuously indexed data, focusing on how to construct flexible Gaussian and non‐Gaussian fields. A brief introduction to spatial prediction of random fields is given, and approaches for dealing with the computational problems that arise when using spatial fields to analyze large data sets are discussed.
Press, S. James
Authors: Ghosh Subir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractS. James (Jim) Press, a distinguished professor emeritus of statistics at the University of California, Riverside (UCR), was a researcher, educator, friend, mentor, and leader in the academic life and statistics profession. His fundamental research contributions in multivariate analysis, Bayesian statistics, cognitive aspects of survey methodology, and their applications in many disciplines have enriched statistical and data sciences. His three statistical and data sciences books are classics, and two of them are available in their second editions. In addition, Jim served most of his work life as a consultant to the Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California, a think tank of social and economic research.
Applications of Conjugate Gradient in Bayesian Computation
Authors: Zhang Lu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConjugate gradient is an efficient algorithm for solving large sparse linear systems. It has been utilized to accelerate the computation in Bayesian analysis for many large‐scale problems. This article discusses the applications of conjugate gradient in Bayesian computation, with a focus on sparse regression and spatial analysis. A self‐contained introduction of conjugate gradient is provided to facilitate potential applications in a broader range of problems.
Phosphanylidenephosphoranes
Authors: Protasiewicz John D. , Hering‐Junghans Christian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Phosphanylidenephosphoranes of the general formula RP(PR′
3
) have emerged as a powerful tool in synthetic inorganic chemistry and have found applications in the formation of phosphaalkenes using the so‐called phospha‐Wittig reaction, as well as valuable phosphinidene‐transfer reagents. In addition, the electron‐rich dicoordinate phosphanylidene P‐atom can be utilized in reactions with electrophiles and in the activation of EH bonds. Theoretical investigations clearly show that these species are best described as ylidic phosphanylidene‐σ
4
‐phosphoranes with a negatively charged electron‐rich divalent P‐atom bearing two lone pairs of electrons (LP), of which the p‐type LP is delocalized into symmetry‐adapted σ*‐orbitals of the PR′
3
unit. The PR′
3
unit has been reported to be readily displaced by stronger nucleophiles in an associative manner, which is akin to classical S
N
2‐substitution reactions. This article outlines the synthetic developments in the chemistry of phosphanylidenephosphoranes, provides an overview about the bonding situation, and clearly shows the synthetic versatility of these systems.
Deterministic Manipulation of Multi‐State Polarization Switching in Multiferroic Thin Films
Authors: Chen Chao , Chen Deyang , Li Peilian , Qin Minghui , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun‐Ming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeterministically controllable multi‐state polarizations in ferroelectric materials are promising for the application of next‐generation non‐volatile multi‐state memory devices. However, the achievement of multi‐state polarizations has been inhibited by the challenge of selective control of switching pathways. Herein, an approach to selectively control 71° ferroelastic and 180° ferroelectric switching paths by combining the out‐of‐plane electric field and in‐plane trailing field in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films with periodically ordered 71° domain wall is reported. Four‐state polarization states can be deterministically achieved and reversibly controlled through precisely selecting different switching paths. These studies reveal the ability to obtain multiple polarization states for the realization of multi‐state memories and magnetoelectric coupling‐based devices.
Biotissue‐Inspired Anisotropic Carbon Fiber Composite Hydrogels for Logic Gates, Integrated Soft Actuators, and Sensors with Ultra‐High Sensitivity
Authors: Li Shengnan , Yang Hailong , Zhu Nannan , Chen Guoqi , Miao YueYue , Zheng Jingxia , Cong Yang , Chen Yousi , Gao Junpeng , Jian Xigao , Fu Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNatural biotissues like muscles, ligaments, and nerves have highly aligned structures, which play critical roles in directional signal transport, sensing, and actuation. Inspired by anisotropic biotissues, composite hydrogels with outstanding mechanical properties and conductivity are developed by compositing thermo‐responsive poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels with highly aligned carbon fibers (CFs). The anisotropic hydrogels show superior tensile strength (3.0 ± 0.3), modulus (74 ± 7.0 MPa), excellent electrical conductivity (≈670 S m−1), and ultra‐high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 647) along CFs, with an anisotropic ratio (AR) up to 740 over those in perpendicular direction. The extremely high AR in conductivity (more than 400) produces high‐level output in parallel direction and low‐level output in perpendicular direction with a direct current (DC) power supply, which is used to fabricate AND and OR gates. Moreover, the composite hydrogels are converted into thermo‐responsive actuators with CFs twisted before compositing with PNIPAM/clay network. The pre‐twisted CF helices impart internal stress that drives reversible actuation of hydrogel helices upon thermo‐stimulating. The actuation is self‐sensed due to the extremely high sensitivity of the composite hydrogels. Such biomimetic anisotropic self‐sensing hydrogel actuators resemble natural biotissues with both actuation and sensing capabilities, and have promise applications for artificial robotics.
In Situ Regulation and Mechanisms of 3D Matrix Stiffness on the Activation and Reversion of Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Chen Guobao , Deng Yaxin , Xia Bin , Lv Yonggang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractActivated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in the progression of liver fibrosis. HSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix, resulting in increased liver stiffness. It is difficult for platforms constructed in vitro to simulate the structure, composition, and stiffness of the 3D microenvironment of HSCs in vivo. Here, 3D scaffolds with different stiffness are constructed by decellularizing rat livers at different stages of fibrosis. The effects of matrix stiffness on the proliferation, activation, and reversion of HSCs are studied. The results demonstrate these scaffolds have good cytocompatibility. It is also found that the high stiffness can significantly promote the activation of HSCs, and this process is accompanied by the activation of integrin β1 as well as the nucleation and activation of Yes‐associated protein (YAP). Moreover, the low stiffness of the scaffold can promote the reversion of activated HSCs, which is associated with cell apoptosis and accompanied by the inactivation of integrin β1 and YAP. These results suggest that YAP may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis and the theoretical feasibility of inducing activated HSCs reversion to the resting state by regulating matrix stiffness of liver.
Recent Research Progress of Organic Small‐Molecule Semiconductors with High Electron Mobilities
Authors: Chen Jiadi , Zhang Weifeng , Wang Liping , Yu Gui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrganic electronics has made great progress in the past decades, which is inseparable from the innovative development of organic electronic devices and the diversity of organic semiconductor materials. It is worth mentioning that both of these great advances are inextricably linked to the development of organic high‐performance semiconductor materials, especially the representative n‐type organic small‐molecule semiconductor materials with high electron mobilities. The n‐type organic small molecules have the advantages of simple synthesis process, strong intermolecular stacking, tunable molecular structure, and easy to functionalize structures. Furthermore, the n‐type semiconductor is a remarkable and important component for constructing complementary logic circuits and p‐n heterojunction structures. Therefore, n‐type organic semiconductors play an extremely important role in the field of organic electronic materials and are the basis for the industrialization of organic electronic functional devices. This review focuses on the modification strategies of organic small molecules with high electron mobility at molecular level, and discusses in detail the applications of n‐type small‐molecule semiconductor materials with high mobility in organic field‐effect transistors, organic light‐emitting transistors, organic photodetectors, and gas sensors.
Unraveling the Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Bi‐Color and Tri‐Color Quantum Dots: toward Efficient White Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Qin Zhiyuan , Su Qiang , Chen Shuming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the considerable effects that limit the performance of white quantum dot (QD) light‐emitting diodes (W‐QLEDs) is the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) among different colored QDs. Here, the FRET mechanisms among QDs are unraveled and how FRET affects the performance of W‐QLEDs is disclosed. The results show that although FRET is beneficial for harvesting the energy of nonradiative excitons, it is unhelpful for the improvement of the total emission quantum yield of bi‐color or tri‐color QDs. Due to the existence of FRET, a large proportion of blue QDs should be incorporated to obtain a balanced white emission, which remarkably deteriorates the efficiency of the white emission. With the developed device structure, the FRET among QDs can be suppressed, and thus, the external quantum efficiency (power efficiency) of the W‐QLEDs is improved from 9.31% to 27.03% (12.18–25.52 lm W−1), representing an improvement factor of 2.9 (2.1) compared with that of the conventional W‐QLEDs. The results not only deepen the insight into the FRET mechanisms among QDs but also provide solutions and inspirations for the future development of efficient W‐QLEDs.
A Security Games Inspired Approach for Distributed Control Of Pandemic Spread
Authors: Alexi Ariel , Rosenfeld Ariel , Lazebnik Teddy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPandemics are a source of extensive mortality, economic impairment, and dramatic social fluctuation. Once a pandemic occurs, policymakers are faced with the highly challenging task of controlling it over time and space. In this article, a novel pandemic intervention policy that relies on the strategic deployment of inspection units (IUs) is proposed. These IUs are allocated in the environment, represented as a graph, and sample individuals who pass through the same node. If a sampled individual is identified as infected, she is extracted from the environment until she recovers (or dies). A realistic simulation‐based evaluation of the Influenza A pathogen using both synthetic and real‐world data is provided. The results demonstrate potential significant benefits of the proposed PIP in mitigating a pandemic spread which can complement other standard policies such as social distancing and mask‐wearing.
Improving sugar beet yield, quality, and water use efficiency by nursery and transplanting practice under semi‐arid conditions
Authors: Cheshmi Mostafa , Khajeh‐Hosseini Mohammad , Gheshm Rahmatallah , Asadi Sara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransplanting is a useful technique to produce sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in arid and semi‐arid regions that face water scarcity and salinity. The major challenge in transplanting is to improve the economic benefits that smallholder farmers have in the self‐production of transplants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) of sugar beet in response to transplanting and different options in transplant production process. Two field experiments were conducted at two sites. The first experiment investigated the effects of seedling age at transplanting, volume of the substrate, and transplanting date. The second experiment investigated the effects of substrate media and transplant production conditions on sugar beet yield and quality. In both experiments, transplanting was compared to the direct seeding on the conventional planting date at both sites. The highest white sugar content (12.1% and 13.5%) and white sugar yield (10.2 and 12.1 t ha−1) were obtained from plants transplanted in mid‐May at sites 1 and 2, respectively. Also, root yield, total sugar content, and WUE were higher in transplanting than direct seeding. The 40‐day‐old transplants produced in 22 mL cell volume when transferred to the field in mid‐May had higher WUE than the direct seeding. The transplants produced outside the greenhouse (uncontrolled conditions) had nearly the same yields as those produced inside a greenhouse under controlled conditions. We suggest that using readily available substrates and not requiring greenhouse conditions for transplant production is a cost‐effective way for smallholder farmers to produce their own seedlings.