bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐rich plant communities in interior habitats of small forest fragments: The role of seed dispersal and edge effect
Authors: Hofmeister Jeňýk , Hošek Jan , Baltaziuk Kateryna , Tenčík Aleš , Iarema Viktor , Brabec Marek , Pettit Joseph 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the effects of environmental and dispersal filters on vegetation in small and species‐rich fragments of temperate forests in which species richness increases along the edge–interior gradient?LocationSmall fragments of thermophilic forests in central Bohemia, Czech Republic.MethodsRepeated vegetation surveys and seed rain samplings were conducted in 71 plots located in 17 forest fragments (0.4 to 255 ha) in an agricultural landscape in Central Europe. A subsequent assessment of seed viability was performed via germination in a greenhouse. We evaluated species richness, composition and the similarities between forest vegetation and viable available seeds, accounting for potentially significant environmental conditions. Particularly, we examined the effects of species with different associations to the forest environment in combination with prevalent dispersal strategies.ResultsSpecies richness and composition of the herb layer vegetation (including tree and shrub seedlings) in small forest fragments reflected seed distribution and, to a lesser extent, seed viability. Plant species composition showed a nested pattern according to the distance from the forest edge; the species at the edge represented a subset of the species in the forest interior. Forest specialist species with spatially limited dispersal consistently achieved the highest species richness in forest interiors (>200 m from the forest edge), although this differed depending on aspect. Species richness of generalists and open‐land species benefitted from higher light quality and vice versa for forest specialists.ConclusionsSmall forest fragments maintain species‐rich herb layer communities confined in area‐limited interior habitats. They do this despite being mostly or entirely under the influence of the edge effect and impoverished of forest specialists. Moreover, the species‐rich interiors of the small forest fragments are likely prone to negative changes in species composition induced either by canopy closure or opening in the future.
Discounted Deaths: The Eruption of COVID‐19 in the Geriatric System of the Community of Madrid
Authors: Rubio‐Mengual Iñaki , Villar Baile Álvaro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we explore a new category of analysis that we have called “discounted deaths,” with which we seek to examine forms of dying occurring outside the scope of the triple meaning of the term “to count”—i.e., deaths that did not count, deaths that were not counted, and deaths for which there was no account. To do this, we look at the empirical case of elderly people who died in Madrid's nursing homes during the first wave of the pandemic, between March and May 2020. Compared to other affected groups, theirs were deaths that were deemed tolerable. People who died in nursing homes were first excluded from the assistance mechanisms available under the health emergency and then buried in solitude, away from their loved ones, who were not made aware of their situation until they were in their final moments. [coronavirus, death, account, old age, Madrid]
Drosophila melanogaster microbiome is shaped by strict filtering and neutrality along a latitudinal cline
Authors: Henry Lucas P. , Ayroles Julien F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrobiomes affect many aspects of host biology, but the eco‐evolutionary forces that shape their diversity in natural populations remain poorly understood. Geographical gradients, such as latitudinal clines, generate predictable patterns in biodiversity at macroecological scales, but whether these macroscale processes apply to host–microbiome interactions is an open question. To address this question, we sampled the microbiomes of 13 natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster along a latitudinal cline in the eastern United States. The microbiomes were surprisingly consistent across the cline, as latitude did not predict either alpha or beta diversity. Only a narrow taxonomic range of bacteria were present in all microbiomes, indicating that strict taxonomic filtering by the host and neutral ecological dynamics are the primary factors shaping the fly microbiome. Our findings reveal the complexity of eco‐evolutionary interactions shaping microbial variation in D. melanogaster and highlight the need for additional sampling of the microbiomes in natural populations along environmental gradients.
Pseudouridylation of chloroplast ribosomal RNA contributes to low temperature acclimation in rice
Authors: Wang Zhen , Sun Jing , Zu Xiaofeng , Gong Jie , Deng Hongjing , Hang Runlai , Zhang Xiaofan , Liu Chunyan , Deng Xian , Luo Lilan , Wei Xiangjin , Song Xianwei , Cao Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) undergo many modifications during transcription and maturation; homeostasis of rRNA modifications is essential for chloroplast biogenesis in plants. The chloroplast acts as a hub to sense environmental signals, such as cold temperature. However, how RNA modifications contribute to low temperature responses remains unknown.

Here we reveal that pseudouridine (Ψ) modification of rice chloroplast rRNAs mediated by the pseudouridine synthase (OsPUS1) contributes to cold tolerance at seedling stage. Loss‐function of OsPUS1 leads to abnormal chloroplast development and albino seedling phenotype at low temperature.

We find that OsPUS1 is accumulated upon cold and binds to chloroplast precursor rRNAs (pre‐rRNAs) to catalyse the pseudouridylation on rRNA. These modifications on chloroplast rRNAs could be required for their processing, as the reduction of mature chloroplast rRNAs and accumulation of pre‐rRNAs are observed in ospus1‐1 at low temperature. Therefore, the ribosome activity and translation in chloroplasts is disturbed in ospus1‐1. Furthermore, transcriptome and translatome analysis reveals that OsPUS1 balances growth and stress‐responsive state, preventing excess reactive oxygen species accumulation.

Taken together, our findings unveil a crucial function of Ψ in chloroplast ribosome biogenesis and cold tolerance in rice, with potential applications in crop improvement.
Going Nordic—Can the Nordic model tackle grand challenges and be a beacon to follow?
Authors: de la Porte Caroline , Jensen Mads Dagnis , Kvist Jon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNordic countries are known for having extensive welfare services, a highly compressed wage structure owing to strong social partners, as well as effective regulation and governance in public administration. Various typologies capture aspects of the institutional features of families of nations across various policy areas, showing that there is a specific Nordic variant of political economy. While there is an extensive literature focusing on socio‐economic outcomes in the Nordic countries, there is less scholarly focus on the linkages between the regulatory processes, and their policy output, in response to various challenges. This volume examines how exogenous challenges (market liberalization promoted by EU integration and the gig economy, as well as the COVID‐19 pandemic) and endogenous challenges in the welfare state (regulation of child‐care quality and retirement ages) are tackled in a selection of Nordic countries. After a bibliometric analysis on the state of the literature, features of the Nordic model are presented. Then, the contributions of the articles to the special issue are summarized, after which lessons for other models of political economy are pinpointed. We find that although there is high variation within the Nordics in the studies of the special issue, there is a trend whereby, over time, a broader range of actors involved in the policy and regulatory process. Although not perfect, challenges are solved incrementally and often at an early stage. In other words, the Nordic regulatory model is highly adaptable to different challenges. Thus, the Nordic model does present crucial lessons for other types of political economy.
The Nonlinear Thermoacoustic Eigenvalue Problem and Its Rational Approximations: Assessment of Solution Strategies
Authors: Merk Moritz , Buschmann Philip E. , Moeck Jonas P. , Polifke Wolfgang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear eigenvalue problems (NLEVPs) arise in thermoacoustics by considering the temporal evolution of small perturbations in the relevant governing equations. In this work, two solution strategies are compared: (i) a contour-integration-based method that guarantees to provide all eigenvalues in a given domain and (ii) a method that approximates the NLEVP by a rational eigenvalue problem (REVP), which is generally easier to solve. The focus lies on numerical speed, the completeness of the computed spectrum, and the appearance of spurious modes, i.e., modes that are not part of the original spectrum but appear as a result of the approximation. To this end, two prototypical thermoacoustic systems are considered: a single-flame Rijke tube and an annular model combustor. The comparison of both methods is preceded by a detailed analysis of the user-defined input parameters in the contour-integration-based method. Our results show that both methods can resolve all types of considered eigenvalues with sufficient accuracy for applications. However, the recast linear problem is overall faster to solve and allows a priori precision estimates—unlike the contour-integration-based method. Spurious modes as a by-product of the NLEVP approximation are found to play a minor role, and recommendations are given on how to eliminate them.
Effect of Load on Muscle Activity, Kinematics, and Force Production During the Reverse Hyperextension Exercise
Authors: Lawrence Michael A. , Somma Matthew J. , Swanson Brian T. 
Published: September 2022

The reverse hyperextension exercise is used to strengthen posterior chain musculature without axially loading the spine; however, there are no suggestions for loading. Twenty recreationally active individuals (13 males and 7 females; aged 25.4 [2.5] y; height 1.76 [0.09] m; mass 79.3 [15.8] kg) performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions with 50%, 100%, and 150% of bodyweight. Surface electromyography measured erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and biceps femoris activity. Motions of the trunk, lower extremities, and reverse hyperextension exercise pendulum were tracked. A 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences. Few differences were found between 100% and 150% loads; however, heavier loads resulted in increased hip (5.0°) and trunk (4.0°) flexion compared with the 50% load. Similar patterns emerged for peak and integrated muscle activity, with erector spinae and gluteus maximus activity greater in the 100% and 150% loads than in the 50% load, and biceps femoris activation increasing as load increased. Peak force significantly (P < .001) increased with 100% (28% [31%]) and 150% (34% [40%]) loads compared with the 50% load. Findings suggest the reverse hyperextension exercise targets posterior chain musculature, but increasing loads does not linearly increase force and muscle activation.
Complexation during Sorption of Palladium(II) Ions by Chemically Modified Silica
Authors: Buslaeva T. M. , Ehrlich G. V. , Volchkova E. V. , Mingalev P. G. , Panina N. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Complexation during the sorption of palladium(II) ions from chloride media by chemically modified silicas has been studied. Due to the use of mesoporous silicas with an average pore diameter of >10 nm for their synthesis, these sorbents do not change their volume in aqueous and organic media and have high mass transfer characteristics. The dependences of the sorption of Pd(II) ions from chloride solutions under static conditions as a function of time, HCl concentration, and Cl– ion have been obtained; sorption isotherms are constructed. Based on the experimental data, a conclusion has been made about the coordination mechanism of sorption, which has been proved by a combination of spectral methods (IR, UV-VIS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The structure of sulfur-containing sorbents and their complexes with palladium has been modeled using the DFT M06 quantum-chemical method in the def2tzvp basis in the gas phase and taking into account the H2O solvent. The performed calculations make it possible to substantiate the nature of the dependence of sorption on the acid concentration and to confirm the formation of palladium(II) complexes with bidentate coordination of ligands in the silica phase modified with thiosalicylic and mercaptoacetic acids.
Using Relativistic Self-Trapping Regime of a High-Intensity Laser Pulse for High-Energy Electron Radiotherapy
Authors: Lobok M. G. , Bychenkov V. Yu. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract—
Full-3D particle-in-cell Monte Carlo simulation of a new scheme of electron radiotherapy based on electron acceleration by high-power femtosecond laser pulse propagating in plasma of sub-critical density in the relativistic self-trapping regime (V. Yu. Bychenkov et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 61, 124004 (2019)) was carried out. Based on the results of simulation of distribution of energy deposited by electron bunches accelerated in such high-efficiency regime, it is demonstrated that a laser facility of $$ \gtrsim {\kern 1pt} 100$$ TW class is capable of providing therapy of deep soft-tissue lesions in soft biotissue and this approach has a number of advantages relative to traditional methods of beam therapy.
The Effects of Nitroazolopyrimidines on the A1 Adenosine Receptor and Intraocular Pressure in Rats
Authors: Savateev K. V. , Rusinov V. L. , Kotovskaya S. K. , Spasov A. A. , Naumenko L. V. , Taran A. S. , Brigadirova A. A. , Yakovlev D. S. , Sultanova K. T. , Shcherbakova N. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six compounds of the 5(7)-alkylamino-6-nitroazolopyrimidine and 8-alkylazolo[5,1-b]purine series were selected based on the structural analysis of A1 adenosine receptor inhibitors and the role of this biological target in the modulation of intraocular pressure, an important factor in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. These heterocycles were shown to exhibit a weak affinity towards the A1 adenosine receptor on an in vitro model of the adenosine-dependent change of the chronotropic effect on isolated atria of white mice. On the other hand, thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines and triazolo[5,1-b]purine displayed an in vivo hypotensive effect in rats. The leading compound, 5-methyl-8-(hydroxyethyl)triazolo[5,1-b]purine) (0.2% solution), caused a 34% reduction of ophthalmotonus in 3 h without an adverse resorptive effect. In addition, using the MTT-test it was shown on the human HepG2 cell line that the heterocycles affecting the intraocular pressure were by one to two orders of magnitude less cytotoxic than the reference doxorubicin.
Biologically Active Fragment of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) Is Able to Inhibit Oligomerization of the Beta-Amyloid
Authors: Volkova T. D. , Avetisyan A. V. , Koroev D. O. , Kamynina A. V. , Balasanyants S. M. , Simonyan R. A. , Volpina O. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
It was found earlier that the synthetic fragment corresponding to the 60–76 sequence of the extracellular domain of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) had a protective effect on animal and cellular models of Alzheimer’s disease. It was proposed that this effect was mediated via the interaction of the peptide with beta-amyloid (Aβ), which was one of the RAGE ligands, by inhibiting the formation of toxic Aβ oligomers. The aim of this study was an application of physicochemical methods to an investigation of the ability of the 60–76 peptide to prevent the Aβ40 oligomerization in solution in comparison with the nonprotective 65–76 truncated peptide. The dynamics of the formation of the Aβ40 fibrils in the presence of the peptides was evaluated using thioflavin T. The relative sizes of oligomers were determined by dynamic light scattering. The peptide binding to Aβ40 was examined by fluorescence titration. We demonstrated by the two methods that the peptide corresponding to the 60–76 sequence of RAGE considerably inhibited (by more than 90%) the formation of oligomers and fibrils of Aβ40 distinct from the 65–76 peptide. In addition, we found that the protective effect of the peptides and their ability to inhibit the Aβ40 oligomerization did not correlate with their binding to the monomeric/tetrameric Aβ40. We confirmed in vitro the hypothesis that the protective activity of the synthetic 60–76 fragment of RAGE was associated with its ability to inhibit the Aβ oligomerization.
Label-free metabolic imaging for sensitive and robust monitoring of anti-CD47 immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Minfeng , Mahanty Arpan , Jin Chunjing , Wong Alex Ngai Nick , Yoo Jung Sun 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundImmunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment from conventional radiotherapies and chemotherapies to immune checkpoint inhibitors which use patients’ immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Despite the huge clinical success and vigorous development of immunotherapies, there is a significant unmet need for a robust tool to identify responders to specific immunotherapy. Early and accurate monitoring of immunotherapy response is indispensable for personalized treatment and effective drug development.MethodsWe established a label-free metabolic intravital imaging (LMII) technique to detect two-photon excited autofluorescence signals from two coenzymes, NAD(P)H (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) hydrogen) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) as robust imaging markers to monitor metabolic responses to immunotherapy. Murine models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were established and tested with different therapeutic regimens including anti-cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) immunotherapy to monitor time-course treatment responses using the developed metabolic imaging technique.ResultsWe first imaged the mechanisms of the CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha pathway in vivo, which unravels macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and illustrates the metabolism of TNBC cells and macrophages. We further visualized the autofluorescence of NAD(P)H and FAD and found a significant increase during tumor growth. Following anti-CD47 immunotherapy, the imaging signal was dramatically decreased demonstrating the sensitive monitoring capability of NAD(P)H and FAD imaging for therapeutic response. NAD(P)H and FAD intravital imaging also showed a marked decrease after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A comparative study with conventional whole-body bioluminescence and fluorescent glucose imaging demonstrated superior sensitivity of metabolic imaging. Flow cytometry validated metabolic imaging results. In vivo immunofluorescent staining revealed the targeting ability of NAD(P)H imaging mainly for tumor cells and a small portion of immune-active cells and that of FAD imaging mainly for immunosuppressive cells such as M2-like tumor-associated macrophages.ConclusionsCollectively, this study showcases the potential of the LMII technique as a powerful tool to visualize dynamic changes of heterogeneous cell metabolism of cancer cells and immune infiltrates in response to immunotherapy thus providing sensitive and complete monitoring. Leveraged on ability to differentiate cancer cells and immunosuppressive macrophages, the presented imaging approach provides particularly useful imaging biomarkers for emerged innate immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CD47 therapy.
“See us as humans. Speak to us with respect. Listen to us.”A qualitative study on UK ambulance staff requirements of leadership while working during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eaton-Williams Peter James , Williams Julia 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 Ambulance Response Assessment (CARA) study aimed to enable the experiences of UK frontline ambulance staff working during the first wave of the pandemic to be heard. Specifically, CARA aimed to assess feelings of preparedness and well-being and to collect suggestions for beneficial leadership support.MethodsThree online surveys were sequentially presented between April and October 2020. Overall, 18 questions elicited free-text responses that were analysed qualitatively using an inductive thematic approach.FindingsAnalysis of 14 237 responses revealed participants’ goals and their requirements of leadership to enable those goals to be achieved. A large number of participants expressed low confidence and anxiety resulting from disagreement, inconsistency and an absence of transparency related to policy implementation. Some staff struggled with large quantities of written correspondence and many desired more face-to-face training and an opportunity to communicate with policymakers. Suggestions were made on how best to allocate resources to reduce operational demands and maintain service delivery, and a need to learn from current events in order to plan for the future was stressed. To further support well-being, staff wanted leadership to understand and empathise with their working conditions, to work to reduce the risks and if required, to facilitate access to appropriate therapeutic interventions.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that ambulance staff desire both inclusive and compassionate leadership. Leadership should aim to engage in honest dialogue and attentive listening. Resultant learning can then inform policy development and resource allocation to effectively support both service delivery and staff well-being.
Miniaturized Dual-Band Antenna for GSM1800, WLAN, and Sub-6 GHz 5G Portable Mobile Devices
Authors: Abolade Jeremiah O. , Konditi Dominic B. O. , Mpele Pierre M. , Orimogunje Abidemi M. , Oguntoye Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2022

Miniature devices are becoming increasingly demanded as fifth-generation (5G) technology is been deployed. This has necessitated the need to miniaturize all the various components of 5G enabling systems. It is a well-known fact that without the antenna, there is no wireless communication as it forms the link between the space and the wired network. Hence, the miniaturization of the antenna will contribute to the miniaturization of the entire wireless system. In this work, a miniature dual-band ultracompact antenna based on an opened-B-shaped (OBS) patch, a partial ground, and a ground protruding stub is presented. The antenna size is

0.14

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0.07

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o

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1.85
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. The proposed antenna is etched on a rogers (RT5880) substrate and fed with a 50 Ω asymmetric microstrip feedline. The proposed OBS antenna is fabricated and measured. In addition, the equivalent circuit of the proposed OBS antenna is designed and analyzed using AWR®. The antenna operates at a center frequency of 1.85 GHz and 5.89 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 10.41% and 36.29%, respectively, which means that the first and second bands are narrow and wide bands, respectively. Furthermore, the mean peak gain of the proposed OBS antenna at lower and upper bands are 4.1 dB and 3.95 dB, respectively. More so, the radiation pattern antenna shows a quasiomnidirectional at E-plane and omnidirectional at H-plane. There is a good agreement between simulated and measured results. Therefore, the proposed OBS antenna is a suitable candidate for future portable mobile devices.