bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis caused by gemcitabine after nivolumab in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma followed by a dramatic tumor response: A case report
Authors: Magdelaine Pierre , Costantini Adrien , Fabre Lucie , Giroux‐Leprieur Etienne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a case of a 73‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with cT4N0M1a lung adenocarcinoma with KRAS G12C mutation, PDL1 < 1% and treated in fourth‐line setting with gemcitabine after progression under nivolumab. After one infusion of gemcitabine, the patient presented with an acute worsening of general condition (performance status 4) with extensive skin lesions and fever, leading to hospitalization and diagnosis of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Initial blood work revealed multiple organ failures with an important inflammatory syndrome. Patient state improved after intravenous hydration and local and systemic corticosteroids. The decision was made to stop systemic cancer treatment. Two months follow‐up showed a remarkable response on all cancer localizations. Although immunotherapy is transforming cancer care, predicting response to immunotherapy remains challenging and resistant mechanisms remain mostly unknown. This case underlines that important immune‐stimulation can lead to tumor response in a patient previously refractory to all antitumor treatments.
Accumulation of pTreg cells is detrimental in late‐onset (aged) mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wang Weikan , Thomas Rachel , Oh Jiyoung , Su Dong‐Ming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough typically associated with onset in young adults, multiple sclerosis (MS) also attacks the elderly, which is termed late‐onset MS. The disease can be recapitulated and studied in a mouse model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The onset of induced EAE is delayed in aged mice, but disease severity is increased relative to young EAE mice. Given that CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play an ameliorative role in MS/EAE severity, and the aged immune system accumulates peripheral Treg (pTreg) cells, failure of these cells to prevent or ameliorate EAE disease is enigmatic. When analyzing the distribution of Treg cells in EAE mice, the aged mice exhibited a higher proportion of polyclonal (pan‐) pTreg cells and a lower proportion of antigen‐specific pTreg cells in the periphery but lower proportions of both pan‐ and antigen‐specific Treg cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, in the aged inflamed CNS, CNS‐Treg cells exhibited a higher plasticity, and T effector (CNS‐Teff) cells exhibited greater clonal expansion, disrupting the Treg/Teff balance. Transiently inhibiting FoxP3 or depleting pTreg cells partially corrected Treg distribution and restored the Treg/Teff balance in the aged inflamed CNS, thereby ameliorating the disease in the aged EAE mice. These results provide evidence and mechanism that accumulated aged pTreg cells play a detrimental role in neuronal inflammation of aged MS.
Optimizing two‐stage surgery by expanding single‐stage nasal reconstruction in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Suarez‐Valle Ana , Rios‐Buceta Luis , Dominguez‐Santas Miguel , Muñoz‐Marrones Oscar , Bea‐Ardebol Sonia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to a decrease in the number of operating rooms available. Single‐stage islanded forehead flaps have emerged as a good alternative to the classic frontal flap helping to diminish the surgical waiting list. We present our case series of 6 patients reconstructed with islanded forehead flaps between February and July 2020.The purpose of this report is to assess the advantages and disadvantages of this technique in order to inform which subgroup of patients may benefit from the one‐stage flap, now the pandemic is better controlled.
Proteomics endotyping of infants with severe bronchiolitis and risk of childhood asthma
Authors: Ooka Tadao , Raita Yoshihiko , Fujiogi Michimasa , Freishtat Robert J. , Gerszten Robert E. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Zhu Zhaozhong , Camargo Carlos A. , Hasegawa Kohei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in U.S. infants and a major risk factor for childhood asthma. Growing evidence supports clinical heterogeneity within bronchiolitis. We aimed to identify endotypes of infant bronchiolitis by integrating clinical, virus, and serum proteome data, and examine their relationships with asthma development.MethodsThis is a multicenter prospective cohort study of infants hospitalized for physician‐diagnosis of bronchiolitis. We identified bronchiolitis endotypes by applying unsupervised machine learning (clustering) approaches to integrated clinical, virus (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], rhinovirus [RV]), and serum proteome data measured at hospitalization. We then examined their longitudinal association with the risk for developing asthma by age 6 years.ResultsIn 140 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis, we identified three endotypes: (1) clinicalatopicvirusRVproteomeNFκB‐dysregulated, (2) clinicalnon‐atopicvirusRSV/RVproteomeTNF‐dysregulated, and (3) clinicalclassicvirusRSVproteomeNFκB/TNF‐regulated endotypes. Endotype 1 infants were characterized by high proportion of IgE sensitization and RV infection. These endotype 1 infants also had dysregulated NFκB pathways (FDR < 0.001) and significantly higher risks for developing asthma (53% vs. 22%; adjOR 4.04; 95% CI, 1.49–11.0; p = 0.006), compared with endotype 3 (clinically resembling “classic” bronchiolitis). Likewise, endotype 2 infants were characterized by low proportion of IgE sensitization and high proportion of RSV or RV infection. These endotype 2 infants had dysregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐mediated signaling pathway (FDR <0.001) and significantly higher risks for developing asthma (44% vs. 22%; adjOR 2.71; 95% CI, 1.03–7.11, p = 0.04).ConclusionIn this multicenter cohort, integrated clustering of clinical, virus, and proteome data identified biologically distinct endotypes of bronchiolitis that have differential risks of asthma development.
Judicialising Urban Political Ecologies: Post‐Politics and Environmental Governance in South Asia
Authors: Mehmood Asif , Cousins Joshua J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLegal and judicial mediation and arbitration significantly influence who has access and control over resources. Taking insights from post‐political debates in political ecology and discussions at the intersection of critical legal geography and political ecology, we focus on the production of judicial ecologies. Through case studies on waste management in India, water governance in Pakistan, and urban air pollution in Bangladesh, we describe how political‐ecological questions get transferred to the courts. We describe this as a process of political bonsaification—a process that shifts political questions to the courts and contains political action to legal and technocratic forums. Our aim is to stimulate research on how courts and legal institutions form judicial ecologies by setting, enforcing, or ignoring rules that influence human–environment interactions. Understanding how judicial and legal systems intersect across class, race, gender, and different political‐ecological contexts, we argue, is the aim of research in judicial ecology.
Month of birth and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes among children in the Swedish national Better Diabetes Diagnosis Study
Authors: Hedlund Emma , Ludvigsson Johnny , Elding Larsson Helena , Forsander Gun , Ivarsson Sten , Marcus Claude , Samuelsson Ulf , Persson Martina , Carlsson Annelie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies have reported an association between month of birth and incidence of type 1 diabetes. Using population‐based data, including almost all newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes in Sweden, we tested whether month of birth influences the risk of type 1 diabetes.MethodsFor 8761 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between May 2005 and December 2016 in the Better Diabetes Diagnosis study, month of birth, sex and age were compared. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and autoantibodies at diagnosis were analysed for a subset of the cohort (n = 3647). Comparisons with the general population used data from Statistics Sweden.ResultsWe found no association between month of birth or season and the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the cohort as a whole. However, boys diagnosed before 5 years were more often born in May (p = 0.004). We found no correlation between month of birth and HLA or antibodies.ConclusionIn this large nationwide study, the impact of month of birth on type 1 diabetes diagnosis was weak, except for boys diagnosed before 5 years of age, who were more likely born in May. This may suggest different triggers for different subgroups of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Strongly increased risk of gastric and duodenal ulcers among new users of low‐dose aspirin: results from two large cohorts with new‐user design
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai , Sha Sha , Chen Li‐Ju , Holleczek Bernd , Brenner Hermann , Schöttker Ben 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundLow‐dose aspirin is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease but previous, population‐based cohort studies may have underestimated the low‐dose aspirin risk because they did not use a new‐user design. Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs more frequently early after initiation of low‐dose aspirin therapy than in later years.AimTo assess the associations of low‐dose aspirin with gastric and duodenal ulcer incidence in prevalent‐ and new‐user design.MethodsMultivariate Cox regression models in the German ESTHER study (N = 7737) and the UK Biobank (N = 213,598) with more than 10 years of follow‐up.ResultsIn the prevalent‐user design, there was no significant association between low‐dose aspirin and gastric ulcer observed in both cohorts. Furthermore, low‐dose aspirin was weakly, statistically significantly associated with prevalent duodenal ulcer in the UK Biobank (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.27 [1.07–1.51]) but not in the ESTHER study (1.33 [0.54–3.29]). When restricting the exposure to only new users, the hazard ratios for incident gastric and duodenal ulcer disease were 1.82 [1.58–2.11] and 1.66 [1.36–2.04] in the UK Biobank, respectively, and 2.83 [1.40–5.71] and 3.89 [1.46–10.42] in the ESTHER study, respectively.ConclusionsThis study shows that low‐dose aspirin is an independent risk factor for both gastric and duodenal ulcers. The associations were not significant or weak in the prevalent‐user design and strong and statistically significant in the new‐user design in both cohorts. Thus, it is important to weigh risks against benefits when low‐dose aspirin treatment shall be initiated and to monitor adverse gastrointestinal symptoms after the start of low‐dose aspirin therapy.
Flexible Copula Model for Integrating Correlated Multi-Omics Data from Single-Cell Experiments
Authors: Ma Zichen , Davis Shannon W. , Ho Yen-Yi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith recent advances in technologies to profile multi-omics data at the single-cell level, integrative multi-omics data analysis has been increasingly popular. It is increasingly common that information such as methylation changes, chromatin accessibility, and gene expression are jointly collected in a single-cell experiment. In biomedical studies, it is often of interest to study the associations between various data types and to examine how these associations might change according to other factors such as cell types and gene regulatory components. However, since each data type usually has a distinct marginal distribution, joint analysis of these changes of associations using multi-omics data is statistically challenging. In this paper, we propose a flexible copula-based framework to model covariate-dependent correlation structures independent of their marginals. In addition, the proposed approach could jointly combine a wide variety of univariate marginal distributions, either discrete or continuous, including the class of zero-inflated distributions. The performance of the proposed framework is demonstrated through a series of simulation studies. Finally, it is applied to a set of experimental data to investigate the dynamic relationship between single-cell RNA sequencing, chromatin accessibility, and DNA methylation at different germ layers during mouse gastrulation.
It's All Relative: Regression Analysis with Compositional Predictors
Authors: Li Gen , Li Yan , Chen Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompositional data reside in a simplex and measure fractions or proportions of parts to a whole. Most existing regression methods for such data rely on log-ratio transformations that are inadequate or inappropriate in modeling high-dimensional data with excessive zeros and hierarchical structures. Moreover, such models usually lack a straightforward interpretation due to the interrelation between parts of a composition. We develop a novel relative-shift regression framework that directly uses proportions as predictors. The new framework provides a paradigm shift for regression analysis with compositional predictors and offers a superior interpretation of how shifting concentration between parts affects the response. New equi-sparsity and tree-guided regularization methods and an efficient smoothing proximal gradient algorithm are developed to facilitate feature aggregation and dimension reduction in regression. A unified finite-sample prediction error bound is derived for the proposed regularized estimators. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods in extensive simulation studies and a real gut microbiome study. Guided by the taxonomy of the microbiome data, the framework identifies important taxa at different taxonomic levels associated with the neurodevelopment of preterm infants.
‘SCHÖNE JUGENDLICHE MÄDCHENKÖPFE’: GENDER AND ‘GENIE’ IN LOU ANDREAS‐SALOMÉ’S MENSCHENKINDER
Authors: Mairhofer Marlen 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTIn her essay ‘Der Mensch als Weib’ (1899) Lou Andreas‐Salomé compares women to trees: both produce their ‘fruit’ unintentionally. This comparison seems to allow very little scope for active female creativity, let alone ingenuity. Closer inspection, however, reveals a more differentiated view of questions of gender and creativity. By bringing biology together with psychology and outlining the differences between male and female desire, Salomé establishes the feminine as an entity in its own right. Although she denies the existence of female genius, women and geniuses suspiciously seem to have a lot in common in her writing: both embody a heightened self‐sufficiency through their very essence. Characters who illustrate the complex relations between self‐fulfilment, desire and creativity can be found throughout Salomé’s literary work; I take as my example here the early ‘Novellencyclus’ Menschenkinder (1899). Hans Holtema (‘Mädchenreigen’), Hildegard (‘Das Paradies’) and Irene von Geyern (‘Zurück ans All’) possess skills that can best be described as ingenium, an innate gift, which is often seen as a challenge by their (male) surroundings. Rather than offering dogmatic answers, Salomé’s novellas as well as her theoretical work around 1900 emphasise the richness of debates about gender and genius.
Digital intermediaries, market competition, and citizen‐state interactions
Authors: Agnihotri Anustubh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCan market competition between intermediaries improve the quality of citizen‐state interactions? I test this question in the context of a public‐private partnership (PPP) policy that created a network of digital intermediaries ‐ individuals authorized by the state to submit online applications on behalf of citizens. I use the overtime and staggered expansion of the intermediary network to identify the relationship between greater competition among digital intermediaries for the share of citizen applications and the quality of citizen‐state interactions. I find that having an increased presence of intermediaries in a jurisdiction does not improve the citizen experience in engaging with the state. Why doesn't an increase in the presence of intermediaries positively impact the quality of citizen‐state interactions? I argue that digital intermediaries selected by the state have limited incentives to compete in the market for citizen applications. To establish the incentives of digital intermediaries, I juxtapose their functioning against informal intermediaries, who submitted paper‐based applications before the state moved citizen applications online. Based on qualitative interviews and data on the transition from paper‐based to online applications, I show that the PPP policy by formalizing the citizen‐state interface disrupts informal mediation arrangement and limits market competition. The lack of relationship between the expansion of the intermediary network and the quality of citizen‐state interactions has important implications for how low and middle‐income countries deploy information technology for digitizing citizen interfacing governance processes. I conclude by outlining how formalization of citizen‐state interface can be implemented in a manner that can improve citizen experience engaging with the state.
Thermal shock resistance of thermal barrier coatings modified by selective laser remelting and alloying techniques
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Sun Yuhai , Wang Yueliang , Zheng Yafeng , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Qunli , Yao Jianhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAiming to improve the thermal shock resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), the plasma‐sprayed 7YSZ TBCs were modified by selective laser remelting and selective laser alloying, respectively, in this study. A self‐healing agent TiAl3 was introduced into the 7YSZ TBCs by selective laser alloying to fill cracks during thermal cycling. The thermal shock experiments of the plasma‐sprayed, laser‐remelted, and laser‐alloyed TBCs were conducted by a means of heating and water‐quenching method. Results revealed that some segmented microcracks were distributed on the surface of the laser‐remelted and the laser‐alloyed zones, showing a dense columnar crystal structure. After thermal shock tests, the numbers of segmented microcracks on the laser‐remelted coating increased, whereas, in the laser‐alloyed condition, some irregular particles formed, leading to the decreased numbers of segmented microcracks. The laser‐alloyed coating exhibited the best thermal shock resistance, followed by the laser‐remelted condition, with the thermal shock lifetime 3.3 and 2.7 times higher than that of the as‐sprayed coating, respectively. On the one hand, both columnar grains and segmented microcracks in the laser‐treated zone could effectively improve the strain tolerance of coatings. On the other hand, the oxidation products of TiAl3 under high‐temperature condition could seal the microcracks to postpone the crack connection. Thus, the thermal shock resistance of the laser‐treated coatings was significantly improved.
Efficacy and safety of combined fractional ablative CO2 laser and 5 fluorouracil in the treatment of acral vitiligo: An open, uncontrolled study
Authors: Weshahy Ragia , Abdelhamid Mahmoud F. , Sayed Khadiga S. , El Desouky Eman D. , Ramez Shahenda A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcral lesions of vitiligo are most likely recalcitrant to the known lines of treatment. Ablative fractional CO2 has shown efficacy in treatment of vitiligo in combination with other modalities.MethodsThirty non‐segmental vitiligo patients with acral lesion were included in the study. Each patient was subjected to fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment followed by application of 5 fluorouracil (5FU) cream for five consecutive days. Evaluation was done 3 weeks from the start of treatment and 12 weeks after the last treatment session using VESTA score, evaluation of patients' photos by blinded investigation in addition to patients' satisfaction scores.ResultsPatients showed significant improvement of Vitiligo extent score for a target area (VESTA) score and developed considerable degree of repigmentation as assessed by blinded investigators.ConclusionThe combination of fractional ablative CO2 and 5FU is an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of acral vitiligo with promising results offering patients a new therapeutic window.
The development of acne vulgaris due to face masks during the pandemic, risk awareness and attitudes of a group of university students
Authors: Tunçer Vural Ayşe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent work conducted with healthcare workers and middle‐aged populations has recognized the association between acne vulgaris (AV) and mask‐wearing.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the face mask and AV in a group of university students, triggering factors, the awareness, and attitudes of the students.MethodsA face‐to‐face survey was conducted to 200 participants (84 males, 116 females) who composed of third‐ and fifth‐grade medical faculty students. The questionnaire compiled the demographic data, skin care habits, mask‐wearing habits, skin lesions developed on their faces with the use of face masks, awareness, and attitudes of the students.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 21.39 ± 1.34 (range, 19–26 years). While 40.5% of the students developed new AV, 20.5% had exacerbation of their old AV. Lesions developed most frequently in the cheek (51%) and chin (45.5%) regions. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, being female (p = 0.04), prolonged masks use (p = 0.001), and fewer mask changes throughout the day (p = 0.01) were found to be associated with the development of AV. Moreover, 90.5% of students stated that the face mask could cause the development of AV. The most frequent protective precautions of the students were the intermittent removal of face masks and regular handwashing.ConclusionThe use of face masks triggers the development of AV in young people. Wearing masks over long periods of time without breaks and infrequently changing one's mask throughout the day may lead to the development of new or worsening of AV in young populations.
Investigation of the relationship between seborrheic dermatitis and metabolic syndrome parameters
Authors: Akbaş Ayşe , Kılınç Fadime , Şener Sertaç , Hayran Yıldız 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic inflammatory disease with relapses and remissions.ObjectivesSo we planned to investigate the relationship between SD and metabolic syndrome (Mets).Methods54 patients over 18 years of age without known diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease who were clinically diagnosed with SD in our clinic and 47 healthy controls were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated of all participants. Complete blood count, fasting blood sugar (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) were examined. The relationship between the presence of MetS, disease severity, and duration was investigated.ResultsAverage age of patients was 35.4 (sd: 12). Average age of controls was 32.9 (sd: 10.7). MetS was detected in 35.2% (n = 19) of the patient group and 10.6% (n = 5) of the control group. The presence of MetS was higher in SD patients than in the control group (p = 0.004). The rate of people with high TG was significantly higher in the SD group than the controls (p = 0.015). HDL level was significantly lower in the patient group (p = 0.050). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were high in patients (p = 0.016, p = 0.029).ConclusionsSeborrheic dermatitis should be considered as a MetS marker and the presence of MetS should be examined in this group of patients. This can be helpful for the early diagnosis of a systemic disease complex with numerous complications. Also, treatment of MetS can also improve SD lesions.