bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of a Social Crisis and Performance as Protest ritual in Postmodernity: The Chant of the Yellow Vests.
Authors: Domínguez Gustavo 
Published: January 2022

Protest has long occurred as an effective communication tool for societies that have suffered from the oppression of their ruling structures. This article therefore aims primarily to analyze the components of the social drama and conflict that gave rise to the citizen mobilizations of the “Gilets jaunes” Yellow Vests in France at the end of 2018 and throughout 2019. In this sense, the ritual dimension is studied, emphasizing the role of performance and its diffusion on social media as fundamental elements of the current activist context. The symbolic object, performative acts such as music and, especially chants, are configured as an indispensable part of citizen mobilizations.
For this analysis, the methodology employed was through the ethnographic observation in situ during the marches on the city of Paris; in addition to the hemerographic review and the netnographic monitoring of the protests after 2018 in other cities of France. Through comparative analysis, these observations were contrasted with a part of the bibliography relevant to the different elements that compose this object of study comprises and with other protests that have had an important broadcasting in the globalized world.
The above confirms the importance given by democratic societies to protest as a form of citizen communication, as well as to its ritual codes. In the French context, La Marseillaise and Le Chant des Partisans stand out for their symbolic and textual load of civil resistance and active opposition to the alienations produced by the governing structures.
Finally, this research aims to offer an approximation of the forms of peaceful resistance in the specific phenomenon of the Yellow Vests, a model that, in a general way, will allow us to study to a certain extent the most relevant cases of protest in recent years. The function of their performative codes, their reception and dissemination on the various platforms that support social networks, whose easy accessibility does not imply the infinite return to nostalgic memory, but a forceful evidence and the clamor for justice.
Prácticas expresivas del hacer y de la vida cotidiana durante el estallido social en Bogotá en 2021
Authors: Palencia Miguel Angel , Cortés Severino Catalina 
Published: January 2022

El presente artículo de reflexión nace de un proyecto de investigación sobre prácticas del cuidado; una tesis de maestría acerca de prácticas artísticas y domésticas y el trabajo del semillero de correspondencias en confinamiento de la facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Artes de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Tiene como objetivo situar las prácticas del hacer y de la vida cotidiana como manifestaciones estético/expresivas desde las que ha sido posible pensar formas alternas de hacer resistencia y política en el marco del paro nacional de 2021 en Colombia. La metodología toma la perspectiva del cuidado y los afectos para acercarse desde la experiencia íntima de las autoras a un viaje experiencial sobre las atmósferas e intensidades sentidas durante las movilizaciones y las maneras en que lo expresivo se sitúa en haceres como los de la olla comunitaria, las prácticas diarias del hogar y las seminarios de clases; para con ello, poner en tensión, las relaciones mismas entre público y privado y la relación compleja entre arte y política. En conclusión, pensamos, que el primer ejercicio necesario para comprender las condiciones en que toma forma un arte subversivo y político requiere volver a pensar la práctica artística y su relación con la vida cotidiana y las formas de hacer y sentir manifiestas a través del cuidado y los afectos; desde allí, retornando a la práctica artística sus cualidades comunitarias, se hace posible, localizar las preguntas sobre cómo lo artístico teje expresividades que sostienen la acción política y su fuerza subversiva. Compartimos, además, para este viaje algunos collages inspirados en este texto realizados por Valentina Arias Rojas, integrante y compañera del semillero.
Assessing healthcare expenditures of older United States adults with pain and poor versus good mental health status: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Axon David Rhys , Chien Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if differences exist in healthcare expenditures of older United States (US) adults with pain based on self-reported mental health status, which is important to know given the prevalence of pain and poor mental health in the USA.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingUS Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) interviews.ParticipantsUS adults aged ≥50 years, with self-reported pain in the past 4 weeks and positive healthcare expenditure in the 2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). The independent variable was poor versus good mental health status.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDescriptive statistics compared demographic characteristics (using chi-square tests) and mean healthcare expenditures (using t-tests) between groups. Adjusted linear regression models with logarithmically-transformed expenditures compared differences in: total; inpatient; outpatient; emergency room; office-based; prescription medications and other expenditures. Analyses accounted for the complex MEPS design and were weighted to produce nationally-representative results. The a priori alpha level was 0.05.ResultsThe weighted population included 57 134 711 older US adults with self-reported pain (14.4% poor mental health, 85.6% good mental health). Compared with individuals with good mental health, individuals with poor mental health had higher unadjusted total expenditures (US$20 231 vs US$13 379, p<0.0001), higher prescription medication expenditures (US$5924 vs US$3610, p<0.0001) and higher other expenditures (US$4833 vs US$2285, p<0.0001). In adjusted multivariable linear regression models, there were no differences in expenditures between those with poor mental health and those with good mental health status.ConclusionsThere were no statistically significant differences in adjusted annual (2018) positive healthcare expenditures among older US adults with pain and poor versus good mental health status.
Understanding dynamics of private tuberculosis pharmacy market: a qualitative inquiry from a South Indian district
Authors: Yellappa Vijayashree , Bindu Himabindu , Rao Neethi , Narayanan Devadasan 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesIn India, retail private pharmacists (RPPs) are often patients’ first point of contact for diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). We assessed the factors influencing RPPs’ referral of patients with chest symptoms to the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) and the way business is carried out with reference to TB drugs.DesignWe conducted semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 41 RPPs in a South Indian district between May and October 2013. Data were collected from urban areas (21 RPPs) and rural areas (20 RPPs) employing the principle of data saturation. Data were analysed thematically using NVivo V.9.ResultsKnowledge and compliance of RPPs regarding TB symptoms and regulatory requirements were found to be poor. The RPPs routinely dispensed medicines over the counter and less than half of the respondents had pharmacy qualifications. None of them had received TB-related training, yet half of them knew about TB symptoms. Practice of self-referrals was common particularly among economically poorer populations who preferred purchasing medicines over the counter based on RPPs’ advice. Inability of patients with TB to purchase the full course of TB drugs was conspicuous. Rural RPPs were more likely to refer patients with TB symptoms to the NTEP compared with urban ones who mostly referred such clients to private practitioners (PPs). Reciprocal relationships between the RPPs, PPs, medical representatives and the prevalence of kickbacks influenced RPPs’ drug-stocking patterns. PPs wielded power in this nexus, especially in urban areas.ConclusionIndia hopes to end TB by 2025. Our study findings will help the NTEP to design policy and interventions to engage RPPs in public health initiatives by taking cognisance of symbiotic relationships and power differentials that exist between PPs, RPPs and medical representatives. Concurrently, there should be a strong enforcement mechanism for existing regulatory norms regarding over-the-counter sales and record keeping.
Mapping multimorbidity in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders: evidence from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLAM BRC) case register
Authors: Bendayan Rebecca , Kraljevic Zeljko , Shaari Shaweena , Das-Munshi Jayati , Leipold Leona , Chaturvedi Jaya , Mirza Luwaiza , Aldelemi Sarah , Searle Thomas , Chance Natalia , Mascio Aurelie , Skiada Naoko , Wang Tao , Roberts Angus , Stewart Robert , Bean Daniel , Dobson Richard 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThe first aim of this study was to design and develop a valid and replicable strategy to extract physical health conditions from clinical notes which are common in mental health services. Then, we examined the prevalence of these conditions in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and compared their individual and combined prevalence in individuals with bipolar (BD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD).DesignObservational study.SettingSecondary mental healthcare services from South LondonParticipantsOur maximal sample comprised 17 500 individuals aged 15 years or older who had received a primary or secondary SMI diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, F20-31) between 2007 and 2018.MeasuresWe designed and implemented a data extraction strategy for 21 common physical comorbidities using a natural language processing pipeline, MedCAT. Associations were investigated with sex, age at SMI diagnosis, ethnicity and social deprivation for the whole cohort and the BD and SSD subgroups. Linear regression models were used to examine associations with disability measured by the Health of Nations Outcome Scale.ResultsPhysical health data were extracted, achieving precision rates (F1) above 0.90 for all conditions. The 10 most prevalent conditions were diabetes, hypertension, asthma, arthritis, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accident, eczema, migraine, ischaemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most prevalent combination in this population included diabetes, hypertension and asthma, regardless of their SMI diagnoses.ConclusionsOur data extraction strategy was found to be adequate to extract physical health data from clinical notes, which is essential for future multimorbidity research using text records. We found that around 40% of our cohort had multimorbidity from which 20% had complex multimorbidity (two or more physical conditions besides SMI). Sex, age, ethnicity and social deprivation were found to be key to understand their heterogeneity and their differential contribution to disability levels in this population. These outputs have direct implications for researchers and clinicians.
Factors affecting arteriovenous access patency after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in chronic haemodialysis patients under vascular access monitoring and surveillance: a single-centre observational study
Authors: Wu Chung-Kuan , Tarng Der-Cherng , Yang Chih-Yu , Leu Jyh-Gang , Lin Chia-Hsun 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesMaintenance of vascular access (VA) patency after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is important and remains a challenge despite VA monitoring and surveillance. The aim of this study was to examine factors affecting the post-PTA arteriovenous access (AVA) patency in patients who have been on close VA monitoring and surveillance for access flow.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA single medical centre in Taiwan.ParticipantsRecords of patients who received chronic haemodialysis between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups (without or with PTA intervention on AVA).Primary and secondary outcomePatients were followed until reintervention PTA, termination or abandoned VA or end of study. In addition to routine monitoring, VA flow surveillance was performed every 3 months for detection of VA dysfunction adhering to Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines.ResultsA total of 508 patients were selected for study inclusion (with PTA, n=231; without PTA, n=277). At baseline, variables that differed between groups included malignancy and levels of albumin, uric acid, potassium, phosphorous, high-density lipoprotein, total bilirubin and ferritin (all p<0.05). Significant between-group differences were observed for β-adrenergic blocking agents (with PTA, 49.8%; without PTA, 37.5%; p, 0.007) and ADP inhibitors (with PTA, 23.8%; without PTA, 11.2%; p<0.001). Among patients with PTA, those with acute myocardial infarction, high ferritin level or arteriovenous graft (AVG) had a significantly higher risk of reintervention post-PTA (p<0.05). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, ADP inhibitors, and warfarin use were predictors of post-PTA patency (p<0.05).ConclusionsAVG access type, acute myocardial infarction, and high ferritin levels are risk factors for re-intervention post-PTA. These findings may be useful in the development of prophylactic strategies for monitoring VA function and tailoring surveillance programs for these dialysis patients.
Night shift work, chemical coexposures and risk of female breast cancer in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort: a prospectively recruited case-cohort study
Authors: Liu Fei Chih , Veierød Marit Bragelien , Kjærheim Kristina , Robsahm Trude Eid , Ghiasvand Reza , Hosgood H Dean , Samuelsen Sven Ove , Bråtveit Magne , Kirkeleit Jorunn , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing , Silverman Debra T , Friesen Melissa C , Babigumira Ronnie , Shala Nita , Grimsrud Tom K , Stenehjem Jo Steinson 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThis study examined the association between night shift work and risk of breast cancer, overall and by hormone receptor subtype, among females in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort. We also examined the association of coexposure (chlorinated degreasers and benzene) and breast cancer risk, and possible interaction with work schedule.DesignProspectively recruited case-cohort study within the NOPW cohort.SettingFemale offshore petroleum workers active on the Norwegian continental shelf.Participants600 female workers (86 cases and 514 non-cases) were included in the study. We excluded workers that died or emigrated before start of follow-up, had missing work history, were diagnosed with breast cancer or other prior malignancy (except non-melanoma skin cancer) before start of follow-up.ResultsNo overall association was found between breast cancer risk and work schedule (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.46 for work schedule involving night shift vs day shift only). There was no significant association between work schedule and risk of any breast cancer subtype. No significant interactions were found between work schedule and chemical coexposures (breast cancer overall Pinteraction chlorinated degreasers=0.725 and Pinteraction benzene=0.175).ConclusionsOur results did not provide supporting evidence that work schedule involving night shift affects breast cancer risk in female offshore petroleum workers, but should be considered cautiously due to few cases. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
Amphetamine-type stimulant use and self-harm: protocol for a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Cumming Craig , Armstrong Gregory , Borschmann Rohan , Foulds James A , Newton-Howes Giles , McKetin Rebecca , Vallesi Shannen , Preen David , Young Jesse 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAmphetamine type stimulant (ATS) use and self-harm are both major public health concerns globally. Use of ATS is associated with a range of health and social problems, and has been increasing internationally in the last decade. Self-harm and ATS use share a number of underlying risk factors and occur at elevated rates in marginalised groups with high rates of exposure to trauma. The relationship between self-harm and ATS use is likely complex, and the causal pathway may run in either direction. A comprehensive review, synthesis and analysis of the evidence are warranted to investigate this relationship and inform policy and practice.Methods and analysisWe will search the Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and Scopus databases for relevant observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The initial search was conducted on 5 February 2021, with a final search expected on 1 February 2022. All studies will be independently screened by two reviewers, first on title and abstract, and then on full-text to determine inclusion in the review. We place no restriction on the population that studies investigate, our exposure of interest is both prescription and illicit ATS use, comparators will be those not currently using ATS, and our primary outcome of interest is the prevalence of self-harm. Data will be extracted using a predesigned template, and pooled prevalence and pooled measures of effect for the association between ATS use and self-harm. If sufficient data are available, we will perform multiple meta-analyses to produce pooled measures of effect for each measure of ATS exposure, as well as different population sub-groups. The Methodological Standard for Epidemiological Research scale will be used to assess study quality, and Egger’s test and I2 values will be used to assess publication bias and heterogeneity, respectively.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this review. We will only synthesise information from published studies that were conducted with ethical approval, so no individual participant data will be used. We will disseminate our findings via publication in a peer-reviewed journal, national and international conference presentations, and presentations to stakeholders in the community.Trial registration numberThis study has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42021226562).
Validation of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) cases reported at national level following local root cause analysis: REFLECT study
Authors: Ahmad Ahmir , Dhillon Angad , Saunders Brian P , Kabir Misha , Thomas-Gibson Siwan 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveOur aim was to determine aetiology of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs) identified from population-based data through local root cause analysis at a high-volume mixed secondary and tertiary referral centre.Design/methodA subset of national cancer registration data, collected by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, was used to determine PCCRCs diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 at our centre.Root cause analysis was performed for each identified PCCRC, using World Endoscopy Organisation recommendations, to validate it and assess most plausible explanation. We also assessed whether patient, clinician and/or service factors were primarily responsible.ResultsOf 107 ‘PCCRC’ cases provided from the national dataset, 20 were excluded (16 missing data, 4 duplicates). 87 ‘PCCRC’ cases were included of which 58 were true PCCRCs and 29 false PCCRCs.False PCCRCs comprised 17 detected cancers (cancer diagnosed within 6 months of negative colonoscopy) and 12 cases did not meet PCCRC criteria. Inflammatory bowel disease was the most common risk factor (18/58) and the most common site was rectum (19/58). The most common explanation was ‘possible missed lesion, prior examination negative but inadequate’ (23/58) and clinician factors were primarily responsible for PCCRC occurrence in most cases (37/58).ConclusionOur single-centre study shows, after local analysis, there was misclassification of PCCRCs identified from a population-based registry. The degree of such error will vary between registries. Most PCCRCs occurred in cases of sub-optimal examination as indicated by poor photodocumentation. Effective mechanisms to feedback root cause analyses are critical for quality improvement.
Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with response to therapeutic PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Spassova Ivelina , Ugurel Selma , Kubat Linda , Zimmer Lisa , Terheyden Patrick , Mohr Annalena , Björn Andtback Hannah , Villabona Lisa , Leiter Ulrike , Eigentler Thomas , Loquai Carmen , Hassel Jessica C , Gambichler Thilo , Haferkamp Sebastian , Mohr Peter , Pfoehler Claudia , Heinzerling Lucie , Gutzmer Ralf , Utikal Jochen S , Horny Kai , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Habermann Daniel , Hoffmann Daniel , Schadendorf Dirk , Becker Jürgen Christian 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundBased on its viral-associated or UV-associated carcinogenesis, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly immunogenic skin cancer. Thus, clinically evident MCC occurs either in immuno-compromised patients or based on tumor-intrinsic immune escape mechanisms. This notion may explain that although advanced MCC can be effectively restrained by treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a considerable percentage of patients does not benefit from ICI therapy. Biomarkers predicting ICI treatment response are currently not available.MethodsThe present multicenter retrospective study investigated clinical and molecular characteristics in 114 patients with unresectable MCC at baseline before treatment with ICI for their association with therapy response (best overall response, BOR). In a subset of 21 patients, pretreatment tumor tissue was analyzed for activation, differentiation and spatial distribution of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).ResultsOf the 114 patients, n=74 (65%) achieved disease control (BOR=complete response/partial response/stable disease) on ICI. A Bayesian cumulative ordinal regression model revealed absence of immunosuppression and a limited number of tumor-involved organ systems was highly associated with a favorable therapy response. Unimpaired overall performance status, high age, normal serum lactate dehydrogenase and normal serum C reactive protein were moderately associated with disease control. While neither tumor Merkel cell polyomavirus nor tumor PD-L1 status showed a correlation with therapy response, treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies was associated with a higher probability of disease control than treatment with anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry demonstrated the predominance of CD8+ effector and central memory T cells (TCM) in close proximity to tumor cells in patients with a favorable therapy response.ConclusionsOur findings indicate the absence of immunosuppression, a limited number of tumor-affected organs, and a predominance of CD8+ TCM among TIL, as baseline parameters associated with a favorable response to PD-1/PD-L1 ICI therapy of advanced MCC. These factors should be considered when making treatment decisions in MCC patients.