bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTION IN MINKS
Authors: Pyatnychko O. , Stetsko T. , Shkodyak N. , Ostrovska L. , Maksymovych O. 
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of studies on the effectiveness of the multicomponent drug Nifulin (powder for oral administration) in the treatment of acute gastrointestinal infection in minks. The active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) of the drug are metronidazole, furazolidone and oxytetracycline hydrochloride. The researches were conducted on 135 minks of standard dark brown breed at the age of 4–5 months with acute gastrointestinal infection. To isolate and identify pathogens from sick minks with intestinal infection, samples of feces were taken, and from animal’s corpses – samples of parenchymal organs. On the basis of clinical signs of the disease and results of bacteriological researches of biomaterial, a diagnosis – salmonellosis has been put. The test for the sensitivity of bacteria-isolates to oxytetracycline showed a high degree of sensitivity of isolated strains of Salmonella to this antibiotic.
Nifulin was administered orally at a dose of 0,3g/kg body weight with food three times a day for 3 days. For laboratory tests blood sampling was performed from 10 animals before treatment and on the 10th day from the latest application of the drug.
Morphological studies of blood samples of sick minks before treatment established a significant increase in the number of leukocytes, and in leukoformula – an increased relative number of rod-nucleated neutrophils and lymphocytes, a decreased number of segmentonuclear neutrophils. Biochemical studies of blood serum revealed a decrease in total protein content, increased transaminase enzyme activity and increased urea and creatinine content, compared with physiological norms.
On the 10th day after antibiotic therapy hematological studies established a reliable decrease in the relative number of leukocytes by 65,4%, in the number of rod-nucleated neutrophils by 1,3 times and in the number of lymphocytes by 1,9 times, an increase in the number of segmentonuclear neutrophils by 1,4 times. The results of biochemical tests of mink’s serum blood indicated a reliable increase in the total protein content by 18% and increased ALT and AST enzyme activity, compared with the physiological values. The increase in serum AST activity in 1.8 times was noted, that can be explained, as a consequence of the disease, and the influence of antibiotics on the mink’s liver functional state. In this case, a decrease in urea content in 1.3 times and creatinine content – in 1.5 times was determined, the values of these indicators were normalized, indicating the restoration of the physiological state of the mink’s kidneys.
As a result of the treatment of minks the clinical signs of the disease were gradually disappeared: diarrhea stopped, body temperature and respiratory frequency normalized, general condition has improved. In most animals (130 goals) clinical recovery came. During the application of Nifulin manifestations of adverse reactions or negative effects in the experimental minks were not observed.
MARKET ANALYSIS OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL VETERINARY PREPARATIONS IN UKRAINE AND THE EFFICACY OF INACTIVATED VACCINES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE
Authors: Chehrynets A. I. , Krasinko V. O. 
Published: January 2022

The article presents a range analysis of the registered immunobiological preparations on
Ukrainian market with a emphasis on inactivated vaccines against Newcastle Disease in poultry, as well as the results of comparative immunogenic efficacy evaluation of inactivated vaccines of domestic manufacturer Biotestlab Ltd and products of importer manufacturer.
According to the List of Veterinary Immunobiological Preparations, 594 veterinary immunobiological preparations are registered in Ukraine as at October 5, 2020 where 84 of them are live and inactivated vaccines against Newcastle Disease in poultry. These vaccines are mono- and polyvalent and represent 14.1 % of the total number of immunobiological preparations. Inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease are represented by 35 preparations, which is 5.9 % of total quantity and where 23 % are monovalent and 77 % are polyvalent - in which a component against Newcastle disease are one of the valent.
According to the results of comparative studies of mono- and polyvalent vaccines against Newcastle disease of domestic manufacturer «Biotestlab» Ltd and vaccines of the importers was found that all studied drugs are immunogenic and provide protection of poultry sector against Newcastle disease.
DOXYCYCLINE DETERMINATION IN ANIMAL TISSUES AND BLOOD PLASMA SAMPLES USING SCREENING AND CONFIRMATORY METHODS
Authors: Yanovych D. , Zasadna Z. , Rydchuk M. , Plotycya S. , Kislova S. , Pazderska O. , Ivach S. 
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of validation of sample preparation method for muscle and parenchymal tissues of animals for further determination of doxycycline residual amounts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Oxytetracycline ELISA test kits from EuroProxima (Netherlands), initially developed for the analysis of other target matrices, viz. honey and shrimp. The results of modification of shrimp sample preparation method for the analysis of muscle and parenchymal tissue samples are showed. In accordance with the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, the proposed method was validated taking into account the maximum residue levels (MRLs) of doxycycline in tissues of productive animals: 100 μg/kg for muscle tissue and 300 μg/kg for liver. The suitability of the technique was confirmed on the basis of the established main validation parameters for screening methods (technical threshold and cut-off factor) using control (pure) and spiked with standard doxycycline solution at the level of ½MRL samples of muscle and parenchymal tissues of broiler chickens by means of “added – found” criterion. It was discovered that this approach to sample preparation makes it possible to determine doxycycline residues in poultry tissues at the level of 5-10 μg/kg with the absolute recovery about 54 %. The main advantages of the developed technique are simplicity of performance, rapidity and cost-effectiveness.
The reliability of the results obtained by the screening method was verified using confirmatory UPLC-MS/MS method, viz. a comparative study of blank and spiked samples of muscle and parenchymal tissues of broiler chickens. The method of sample preparation of the studied specimens, the conditions of analysis carrying out, and the main validation parameters of the confirmatory method are also presented. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the developed screening method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is suitable for the determination of doxycycline residual amounts in muscle and parenchymal tissues samples, and it is possible to use it for routine laboratory tests, as well as for the establishment of withdrawal periods of veterinary drugs based on doxycycline from the tissues of productive animals. Also using the same test kit, the sample preparation method for blood plasma samples for doxycycline content assay (at the levels of μg/ml) was suggested to study the bioequivalence of veterinary drugs containing doxycycline as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, which was as well confirmed by UPLC-MS/MS.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D level in Restless Legs Syndrome: A controlled study
Authors: Çiftçi Betül , Saraçgil Coşar Sacide Nur , Uzunkulaoğlu Aslıhan 
Published: January 2022

Objective: We aimed to investigate 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level on a group of restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients.
Material and Methods: Twenty-one RLS patients and fourteen age and gender healthy controls (non RLS) with similar age and gender were included in the study. All patients underwent a physical examination for the neurologic and musculoskeletal system. The 25-OHD level was measured for all participants.
Results: The 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were higher in the RLS patient group (20.06±8.79 ng/ml) than in the healthy control group (14.75±4.67 ng/ml). In the healthy control group ‘’without the RLS syndrome’’, 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were below the normal range (<20 ng/ml). However, there were no statistical differences in terms of vitamin D level between the RLS and Control groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, due to the absence of RLS syndrome in the control group despite low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (<20 ng/ml), a relationship could not be established between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and RLS syndrome. The cause of RLS syndrome does not seem to depend on a single parameter such as 25-OHD level.
Comparison of Low – Versus Medium-Pressure Shunts in Pediatric Hydrocephalus – A Study of the Children Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Awais Mian , Muner Akhtar , -Rehman Laeeq-ur , Hussain Akmal , Ullah Ihsan , Ijaz Lubna 
Published: January 2022

Objective: This prospective cross-sectional study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of low-pressure vs. medium-pressure shunts in children with hydrocephalus.
Material and Methods: 52 children with different types of hydrocephalus were admitted through OPD and Surgical emergency at The Children Hospital, Lahore. All Children were gone through Ultrasonography and CT Brain plain after admission. The pediatric hydrocephalus was resolved into two groups. All patients treated with Chhabra differential pressure VP (ventriculoperitoneal) shunt in either low pressure or medium pressure. CT scans were used to assess the postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes to monitor the ventricle hemispheric ratio (VHR).
Results: A low-pressure shunt was implanted in 26 individuals, whereas a medium-pressure shunt was implanted in 26 individuals. Patients varied in age from one day to thirteen years old. In group A, the average VHR was 57.58% preoperatively, but it dropped to 42.88% after surgery. Similarly, in group B, the pre-and postoperative VHR was 59.35% and 42.81%, respectively, which was statistically significant. In both groups, the incidence of shunt complications and redo shunt operation were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: In this study, individuals with pediatric hydrocephalus who had a low-pressure shunt or a medium-pressure shunt had similar outcomes.
Surgical Outcome of Adolescents and Young Children with Tethered Cord Syndrome: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Ayaz , Ali Noman Muhammad , Mukhtar Muhammad , Khan Imran , Mushtaq Muhammad , Ayub Shahid 
Published: January 2022

Objective: In Spinal dysraphism, neural tube defect is one of the leading causes of congenital central nervous system disorders and contributes to a high proportion of disability and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of the detethering of tethered cord syndrome.
Materials & Methods: The study was conducted at the Neurosurgery Department of Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. A total of 110 patients were included in our study. Clinical examination was recorded for back swelling, dermal stigmata, scars, lower limb neurological function, sensory deficits, reflexes. Also, look for any deformities like kyphoscoliosis or limb deformities and the presence/absence of neuropathic ulcers. Imaging studies were recorded for diagnosis, the level of spinal tethering, presence/absence of syrinx, and spine deformities. During the surgical operation, the diagnosis of the lesion was confirmed and the interventional procedure was recorded.
Results: One hundred ten patients were admitted during the study period with 57 (52.2%) females and 53 (47.8%) males with a mean age of 9.3 years (SD ± 4.3). Most patients had presented with pain in lower limbs (60.9%) and backache was (34.8%). The most common operative complication was CSF leak in 29 patients (26.1%) while wound infection occurred in 14 (13%) cases.
Conclusion: Tethered cord syndrome due to occult spinal dysraphism is a rare disease with significant neurologic consequences for the younger generation. Early clinical diagnosis and good surgical treatment could prevent the development of these complications.
Spinal Extraosseous Extradural Ewing’s Sarcoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sultan Kashif Ali , Mustafa Biah , Ashraf Mohammad , Farooq Minaam 
Published: January 2022

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to state and analyze all the case reports published on extraskeletal extradural Ewing’s Sarcoma to date.
Material and Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar using the following search term, including Boolean operators AND and OR. We only included published case reports and series about Ewing's Sarcoma that were Extra-skeletal and Extradural. We excluded the intradural EWS cases and those that did not have both components, i.e. extraskeletal and extradural. Conference articles, commentaries, and unpublished articles were also not included. A PRISMA flowchart was also formed.
Results: After the first case of EES in 1969, around 40 case reports and series have been reported, which sheds light on the rarity of this disease. Age of presentation varies from as early as two months, with the oldest report being 49 years of age, and most cases presenting in adolescents and young adults. Spinal Epidural extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma has been more frequently reported in males. The level of occurrence of the tumor also varies among cases, with cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions being more frequently affected than sacral regions.
Conclusion: Extraskeletal extradural ES is an exceedingly rare anomaly. Multicentric collaborative work is the need of the hour for such orphan illnesses, to optimize treatment paradigms as a single-center is exceedingly unlikely to amass cases.
Producción científica sobre Gamificación en educación universitaria en SCiELO entre 2017-2021: un estudio bibliométrico
Authors: Flores Abreu Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: describir la producción científica sobre gamificación en el contexto universitario publicada en SciELO durante el periodo 2017-2021. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una investigación bibliométrica descriptiva enfocada en los indicadores de producción. Se establecieron descriptores para la búsqueda de documentos y procedimientos específicos para prevenir sesgos en las etapas de búsqueda y análisis. Se analizaron 46 artículos que cumplieron los criterios. Resultados: Se observó la autoría múltiple como práctica habitual y se identificó México como el país con más revistas y junto a España registró la mayor cantidad de autores. Los estudios cuantitativos fueron más frecuentes, aunque se evidencia la tendencia creciente hacia la investigación cualitativa. El diseño cuantitativo más frecuente fue el no-experimental. La tendencia temática se orienta hacia el estudio de la efectividad de la gamificación. Conclusión: Se hace necesario incentivar el estudio de la gamificación en entornos universitarios en los países latinoamericanos, ya que existe muy poca producción al respecto. Se hacen algunas recomendaciones para universidades en las que se dictan carreras de programación de software y juegos.
Dynamics of Quranic Studies in Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Tyas Dewi Ayu Kusuma Ning 
Published: January 2022

This study discusses the origin, change and continuity as well as the factors causing the study of the Qur'an at An-Nur Ngrukem Islamic Boarding School. It is qualitative research oriented towards literature study and oral history. The approach used is historical with heuristic methods, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of the study, namely the study of the Qur'an at the An-Nur Ngrukem Islamic boarding school from 1978 AD to 2018 AD, did not change much. At the beginning of the establishment of the An-Nur Ngrukem Islamic boarding school, there was only a study of tahsin (qir?'ah Ashim) and tahfid then a study of commentaries and other classical books such as the Madrasah Diniyah Al-Furqon. The teaching system, facilities and infrastructure developed and the An-Nur Qur'an Education Park (TPQ) institution was established which was devoted to the children of the Ngrukem hamlet and its surroundings using the yanbu'a method. And the pioneering of qir?'ah sab'ah guidance for students who have memorized 30 juz. This was followed by the establishment of educational institutions to support the formal education of the students.
Faculty and Student Immersion in Community: A Review of Building Bridges: Community and University Partnerships in East St. Louis
Authors: Burton Carol 
Published: January 2022

Community engagement success in higher education is measured by the degree of reciprocity, level of mutual trust and respect, and achievement of identified outcomes for the community partner(s) and the university or college. Building Bridges: Community and University Partnerships in East St. Louis provides one of the best examples of the essential elements of a successful revitalization effort in which key student learning opportunities and faculty leadership merge with resident commitment, knowledge, and patience to address one of the most compelling issues of our time, the re-development of legacy cities. The book depicts elements of place-based education and participatory planning that result in community changes that successfully incorporate diverse histories, cultures, social structures, beliefs, traditions, and behaviors to meet community needs.
An Accurate 3D Analytic Model for Exoplanetary Photometry, Radial Velocity, and Astrometry
Authors: Judkovsky Yair , Ofir Aviv , Aharonson Oded 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We developed and provide AnalyticLC, a novel analytic method and code implementation for dynamical modeling of planetary systems, including non-coplanar interactions, based on a disturbing function expansion to fourth order in eccentricities and inclinations. AnalyticLC calculates the system dynamics in 3D and the resulting model light-curve, radial-velocity, and astrometry signatures, enabling simultaneous fitting of these data. We show that for a near-resonant chain of three planets, where the two super-periods are close to each other, the TTVs of the pair-wise interactions cannot be directly summed to give the full system TTVs because the super-periods themselves resonate. We derive the simultaneous three planets correction and include it in AnalyticLC. We compare the model computed by AnalyticLC to synthetic data generated by an N-body integrator, and evaluate its accuracy. Depending on the maximal order of expansion terms kept, AnalyticLC computation time can be up to an order of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art published N-body integrator TTVFast, with a smaller enhancement seen at higher order. The advantage increases for long-term observations as our approach’s computation time does not depend on the time span of the data. Depending on the system parameters, the photometric accuracy is typically a few ppm, significantly smaller than Kepler’s and other observatories’ typical data uncertainty. Our highly efficient and accurate implementation allows full inversion of a large number of observed systems for planetary physical and orbital parameters, presented in a companion paper.
An Efficient Method for Fitting Radiation-mediated Shocks to Gamma-Ray Burst Data: The Kompaneets RMS Approximation
Authors: Samuelsson Filip , Lundman Christoffer , Ryde Felix 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Shocks that occur below a gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet photosphere are mediated by radiation. Such radiation-mediated shocks (RMSs) could be responsible for shaping the prompt GRB emission. Although well studied theoretically, RMS models have not yet been fitted to data owing to the computational cost of simulating RMSs from first principles. Here we bridge the gap between theory and observations by developing an approximate method capable of accurately reproducing radiation spectra from mildly relativistic (in the shock frame) or slower RMSs, called the Kompaneets RMS approximation (KRA). The approximation is based on the similarities between thermal Comptonization of radiation and the bulk Comptonization that occurs inside an RMS. We validate the method by comparing simulated KRA radiation spectra to first-principle radiation hydrodynamics simulations, finding excellent agreement both inside the RMS and in the RMS downstream. The KRA is then applied to a shock scenario inside a GRB jet, allowing for fast and efficient fitting to GRB data. We illustrate the capabilities of the developed method by performing a fit to a nonthermal spectrum in GRB 150314A. The fit allows us to uncover the physical properties of the RMS responsible for the prompt emission, such as the shock speed and the upstream plasma temperature.
The Uncertain Future of Massive Binaries Obscures the Origin of LIGO/Virgo Sources
Authors: Belczynski K. , Romagnolo A. , Olejak A. , Klencki J. , Chattopadhyay D. , Stevenson S. , Coleman Miller M. , Lasota J.-P. , Crowther Paul A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave observatories have detected at least 50 double black hole (BH) coalescences. This sample is large enough to have allowed several recent studies to draw conclusions about the implied branching ratios between isolated binaries versus dense stellar clusters as the origin of double BHs. It has also led to the exciting suggestion that the population is highly likely to contain primordial BHs. Here we demonstrate that such conclusions cannot yet be robust because of the large current uncertainties in several key aspects of binary stellar evolution. These include the development and survival of a common envelope, the mass and angular-momentum loss during binary interactions, mixing in stellar interiors, pair-instability mass loss, and supernova outbursts. Using standard tools such as the rapid population synthesis codes StarTrack and COMPAS and the detailed stellar evolution code MESA, we examine as a case study the possible future evolution of Melnick 34, the most massive known binary star system (with initial component masses of 144 M
⊙ and 131 M
⊙). We show that, despite its fairly well-known orbital architecture, various assumptions regarding stellar and binary physics predict a wide variety of outcomes: from a close BH–BH binary (which would lead to a potentially detectable coalescence), through a wide BH–BH binary (which might be seen in microlensing observations), or a Thorne–Żytkow object, to a complete disruption of both objects by a pair-instability supernova. Thus, because the future of massive binaries is inherently uncertain, sound predictions about the properties of BH–BH systems formed in the isolated binary evolution scenario are highly challenging at this time. Consequently, it is premature to draw conclusions about the formation channel branching ratios that involve isolated binary evolution for the LIGO/Virgo BH–BH merger population.