bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis and Bayesian Calibration of a Holmquist-Johnson-Cook Material Model for Cellular Concrete Subjected to Impact Loading
Authors: Davis Brad , Langone Gregory , Reisweber Nicholas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Periodic updates to small caliber weapon systems and projectiles used in military and law enforcement have resulted in consistently increasing material penetration capabilities. With each new generation, ballistics technology outpaces the lifecycle replacement of live-fire training facilities. For this reason, it is necessary to develop and maintain constitutive material models for use in analyzing the effects new threats will have on existing facilities and for designing new training facilities using numerical methods. This project utilizes material testing data to characterize cellular concretes used in the construction of live-fire training facilities with a 13-parameter Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) concrete constitutive model. Various statistical tools are used in this analysis to successfully describe the importance of each model parameter and quantify their uncertainty. First, Bayesian linear regression was used to calibrate the parameters in the strength and pressure components of the HJC material model given testing data of cellular concrete. These uncertain parameters were then used to construct computer simulations of penetration and perforation experiments that were previously conducted by Collard and Lanham. Then, Latin Hypercube Sampling of the parameter space was used to generate training data for a Gaussian Process surrogate model of the computer simulation. Using the surrogate model, a global variance-based sensitivity analysis of the material model was completed by computing main and total effect Sobol indices. Finally, a Bayesian calibration of the computer simulation based on the physical experiments was conducted to fully characterize the stochastic behavior of the material subjected to perforation impacts. These approaches can be used to inform decision makers about the potential risk associated with existing facilities and by designers of future live fire training facilities.
Linking Material Models Between Codes: Establishing Thermodynamic Consistency
Authors: Budzien Joanne , Byerly James , Aulwes Rob , Garimella Rao , Herring Angela , Woodring Jon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One increasingly important workflow for multiphysics simulations is linking simulation codes that have different physics models and different regimes for which they have been optimized. The science question for this scoping work was evaluating the compatibility of physics models on both sides of a link to ensure a smooth simulation continuation was possible. The VVUQ aspects were establishing the most important physics aspects for a credible simulation. The most important aspect was determined to be thermodynamic consistency such that nothing unphysical would be encountered during the simulation. The second most important aspect is ensuring adequate handling of mechanical deformation.
The specific problem was driving a Taylor cylinder into an infinitely hard wall. The material was cerium, which has a complicated enough phase diagram to show some interesting thermodynamic behavior during the deformation. The main software involved is Abaqus for the initial simulation, Zelda (a LANL code) for linking, and FLAG (a LANL Lagrangian finite volume code).
The basic process is using nominally the same material models in both Abaqus and FLAG to:
• perform a calculation in Abaqus
• output an ODB file from Abaqus with fields (e.g., density, stress)
• use Zelda to extract fields and remap them onto a new mesh suitable for FLAG
• continue the simulation in FLAG
The remapping of fields onto the new mesh is a negligible source of error. Thermodynamic consistency is a much larger source of overall error and can be large enough to prevent initialization in the receiving code. The situation arises because of the way that the two codes treat different fields. Both codes have interpolation processes for evaluating the thermodynamics. Differences in which variable is primary and which is interpolated lead to numerical errors that can be irrelevant in one code and unusably large in the other code.
This paper will explain the VVUQ issues in linking the codes, even with nominally the same material models, and propose some activities to answer some important VVUQ questions.
Sex Differences in Physiological Determinants of Performance in Elite Adolescent, Junior, and Senior Cross-Country Skiers
Authors: Sollie Ove , Losnegard Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To compare sex differences in physiological determinants of skiing performance in elite adolescent, junior, and senior cross-country skiers matched for within-age-group performance level. Methods: Eight male and 12 female adolescent (15 [1] y), 8 male and 7 female junior (18 [1] y), and 7 male and 6 female senior (28 [5] y) skiers participated. Gross efficiency was calculated during submaximal uphill treadmill roller skiing (approximately 84% of peak oxygen uptake []) using the G2 ski-skating technique. Distance covered, , and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit were established from a 3-minute time-trial. Fifteen-second maximal skiing power was calculated from an incremental treadmill speed test. Finally, upper- and lower-body maximal strength tests were conducted. Results: The 3-minute time-trial distance and maximal skiing power were, respectively, 23% and 15% (adolescent), 24% and 19% (junior), and 17% and 14% (senior) greater for men than women (all groups, P ≤ .01, effect size [ES] = 2.43–4.18; very large). relative to body mass was 17% (adolescent, P = .002, ES = 1.66, large), 21% (junior, P < .01, ES = 2.60, very large), and 19% (senior, P < .01, ES = 2.35, very large) greater for men than women. The within-age-group sex differences in gross efficiency, relative accumulated oxygen deficit, and strength were not significant, with the exception of greater lower-body strength in male than female juniors (P = .01, ES = 1.26, large). Conclusion: The within-age-group sex difference in skiing performance is of similar magnitude for adolescent, junior, and senior skiers. This difference can likely be attributed to the large to very large sex difference in within all age-groups.
Broadband Circularly Polarized Antennas with Compact Radiator Using Characteristic Mode Analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Nan Jingchang , Liu Jing 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a general design procedure of simple four steps for wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is proposed. CMA is performed to investigate the CP generation principle of the proposed radiator. Modal currents and their corresponding radiation patterns are studied for mode selection and feeding placement to achieve CP operation. Then, two feeding mechanisms are introduced to constitute two CP antenna prototypes, which are further analyzed and optimized by CMA. With the physical insight into radiation characteristics of the prototypes, two antennas employing coplanar waveguide (CPW) as feed are designed and optimized by full-wave simulation. To validate the design procedure, both antennas with the same dimension (35 × 40 × 1.6

mm

3

) are fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that both of the antennas have good CP radiation performance with a peak gain of 4.0 dBic and 2.5 dBic and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 48.3% and 44%, respectively. In addition, the experimental results are in good agreement with the radiation information provided by CMA.
PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates Tet2-Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation
Authors: Aivalioti Maria M. , Bartholdy Boris A. , Pradhan Kith , Bhagat Tushar D. , Zintiridou Aliona , Jeong Jong Jin , Thiruthuvanathan Victor J. , Pujato Mario , Paranjpe Aditi , Zhang Chi , Levine Ross L. , Viny Aaron D. , Wickrema Amittha , Verma Amit , Will Britta 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Cytosine hypermethylation in and around DNA-binding sites of master transcription factors, including PU.1, occurs in aging hematopoietic stem cells following acquired loss-of-function mutations of DNA methyl-cytosine dioxygenase ten–eleven translocation-2 (TET2), albeit functional relevance has been unclear. We show that Tet2-deficient mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells undergo malignant transformation upon compromised gene regulation through heterozygous deletion of an upstream regulatory region (UREΔ/WT) of the PU.1 gene. Although compatible with multilineage blood formation at young age, Tet2-deficient PU.1 UREΔ/WT mice develop highly penetrant, transplantable acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during aging. Leukemic stem and progenitor cells show hypermethylation at putative PU.1-binding sites, fail to activate myeloid enhancers, and are hallmarked by a signature of genes with impaired expression shared with human AML. Our study demonstrates that Tet2 and PU.1 jointly suppress leukemogenesis and uncovers a methylation-sensitive PU.1-dependent gene network as a unifying molecular vulnerability associated with AML.

Significance:
We identify moderately impaired PU.1 mRNA expression as a biological modality predisposing Tet2-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to malignant transformation. Our study furthermore uncovers a methylation-sensitive PU.1 gene network as a common feature of myeloid leukemia potentially allowing for the identification of patients at risk for malignant transformation.
See related commentary by Schleicher and Pietras, p. 378.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 369
State Immunity and Victims’ Rights to Access to Court, Reparation, and the Truth
Authors: Terzieva Vessela 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recently municipal courts have found that foreign states do not enjoy jurisdictional immunity with respect to civil claims involving serious violations of international law within the forum state’s territory during armed conflict. This article assesses the recent judgments’ potential impact, taking into account previous court practice and international human rights jurisprudence. It concludes that an exception to immunity in the above circumstances where no alternative judicial remedies exist for the victims has a basis in previous practice and may be required to give effect to international human rights obligations. A recognition by the foreign state of an individual victims’ right to bring a claim before that state’s courts could provide the victims with reparation in the form of satisfaction. Where no such possibility exists, a limited exception to the rule of state immunity would ensure the victims’ right to access to court and to the truth.
Subjecting Net Profit to Zakāt in Saudi Law
Authors: Altawyan Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to discuss a legal principle that has not been settled in Saudi tax tribunals, namely, the Saudi authority subjecting the adjusted annual net profit to zakāt when the zakāt base of the taxpayer is less than the adjusted annual net profit. This study discusses the religious viewpoint by considering zakāt as one of the pillars of Islam, and, from a legal and accounting viewpoint, to propose enhancements for the Saudi legal environment to be more attractive to taxpayers.
Old Conflicts in New Media Assemblages: India’s Cow Vigilantism and YouTube
Authors: Farooq Gowhar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Since 2014, when the right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party took power, India has witnessed attacks by cow vigilantes (gaurakshaks), who have beaten up and lynched people – mostly in the Muslim community – accusing them of smuggling cows for slaughter. Although vigilantes claim to protect cows, considered sacred in Hinduism, scholars argue they are ‘shadow armies’ and ‘foot soldiers’ in a politically motivated campaign against minorities and marginalized populations. India has a long tradition of cow-related iconography, songs, and music. However, some of these forms and practices have been used by right-wing groups to further their agendas. The rise in cow vigilantism has been accompanied by a surge in digital media that support and further violence, including music videos. This paper focuses on YouTube music videos to investigate how various sociotechnological components form a complex assemblage that enables the articulation and circulation of a highly polarized majoritarian narrative about cows.
oVRcome – Self-guided virtual reality for specific phobias: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lacey Cameron , Frampton Chris , Beaglehole Ben 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Mobile health applications for mental health are widely accessible but most have had limited research evaluation. Virtual reality exposure therapy is an emerging treatment for specific phobias. Most virtual reality studies have investigated high-end virtual reality devices, typically only available in research and limited clinical settings for a single phobia. This study evaluated the effectiveness of oVRcome, a mobile health application combining self-guided virtual reality exposure and cognitive behaviour therapy, for five specific phobias. Methods: This is a 2-arm 6-week randomised controlled trial, with a waitlist control group and follow-up at week 12. Participants were required to live in New Zealand; be aged 18–64 years; have a fear of flying, heights, spiders, dogs and needles; score above 4 on the Brief Standard Self-rating scale for phobic patients; and have access to a smartphone and Internet. oVRcome consists of six modules of psychoeducation, relaxation, mindfulness, cognitive techniques, exposure through virtual reality and relapse prevention over 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to week 6 on the Severity Measures for Specific Phobia – Adults. All analyses were performed on intention-to-treat set. Results: A total of 126 participants were randomised, and 109 completed the follow-up at week 6, for a retention rate of 86.5%. The mean change in Severity Measures for Specific Phobia – Adults score from baseline to week 6 was greater in the active group compared with the waitlist group (active group −20.53 [standard deviation = 8.24]; waitlist group: − 12.31 [standard deviation = 10.66]; p < 0.001). The effect size for this difference was 0.86. Conclusion: Self-guided use of the oVRcome app was effective at reducing severity of specific phobia symptoms in a sample of people with a self-reported fear of flying, heights, spiders, dogs or needles. Trial registry clinicaltrials.gov NCT04909177.
Virtual, bilingual English-Spanish community nutrition and exercise classes: Barriers and opportunities
Authors: Edge Isabel , Greenberg Ilana , Reilly Jo Marie , Silva Wendy 
Published: July 2022

Objective: Regular exercise and healthy eating are important contributors to a person’s overall health and well-being. To enhance community health, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California medical students have been leading in-person nutrition, cooking and exercise classes for community members at the Los Angeles County Wellness Center. In September 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students pivoted to teaching through a virtual platform. In this study, we evaluated community participants’ experiences attending virtual, bilingual nutrition, cooking and exercise classes; the efficacy of virtual classes in providing education; participants’ preference for virtual versus in-person classes; and potential advantages and disadvantages of the virtual versus in-person formats. Design: Cross-sectional study design. Setting: Following 22 virtual classes between September 2020 and April 2021, participants completed an online Qualtrics survey. Methods: Quantitative data were descriptively analysed within Qualtrics using the Sign test. Qualitative free response data were analysed by coding responses for common themes using an inductive approach. Results: There were 326 responses from 130 unique participants. Satisfaction was high for nutrition and exercise classes (99%), and 98% of participants reported they would make healthy nutrition and exercise behaviour changes. Participants preferred online classes compared to in-person classes ( p = .0008). Barriers to attending in-person classes included lack of childcare, transport issues and COVID-19 risk. Conclusion: Virtual classes were well-received and effective. Virtual classes circumvented some of the barriers to in-person class attendance, and many participants preferred virtual classes to in-person classes.
New Perspective on Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the Nasopharynx: Case Report With Review of the Literature
Authors: Ren Qinzhan , Wei Wei , Zhang Ruxiang , Qi Yan , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: July 2022

Nasopharyngeal Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a rare disorder. We describe a case of a 24-year-old male with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) primarily originating from the nasopharynx. He presented with symptoms including snoring and bilateral nasal congestion. After evaluation, endoscopic surgery was performed. Surprisingly, the pathological result proved to be classic HL. Postoperative MRI showed that the tumor was completely resected, and PET-CT was further examined. No lesions were found in other places. Shortly thereafter, the patient was transferred to the hematology department for chemotherapy, and the patient was followed up for 5 months without tumor recurrence. As new problems have been detected in medical management, it is vital to put the HL of the nasopharynx into a new perspective.
The relation between coronary artery disease and newly diagnosed dysglycemia
Authors: Truong Cam Dinh , Ton Tung Thanh 
Published: July 2022

Introduction There is a known association between hyperglycemia and the presence of coronary syndrome. The purpose of this work is to study risk factors and clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Methods The study was conducted in 2018–2020 among 505 patients in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Based on the results of the glucose test at 0 and 120 min, the patients were divided into the groups: with normal glucose metabolism (control, 204), patients with impaired fasting glucose levels (175 patients, group 2), and patients with impaired glucose tolerance, including diabetes mellitus (126, group 3). Anthropometric measurements were performed, and the levels of hemoglobin HbA, glucose, lipids were measured. Results In the group of patients with fasting hyperinsulinemia, all variables (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, LAP, creatinine clearance) differed considerably as compared to the control group ( p ≤ 0.0001). Decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin is already present at normal levels of glucose metabolism. Conclusions The study found that diabetes mellitus and prediabetes are more typical for patients with metabolic syndrome and acute coronary syndrome. The results obtained will allow predicting the risk of developing coronary syndrome depending on the presence of diabetes mellitus or prediabetes.
Robust design of a fan rotor blade by sweep and lean optimization with surface roughness
Authors: Yu Man , Shi Lei , Yu Peng , Yao Ka 
Published: July 2022

In order to reduce the fan rotor aerodynamic performance degradation caused by the increasing of blade surface roughness, optimal design of high bypass ratio fan rotor blade with surface roughness was carried out to improve the aerodynamic performance of the fan rotor in long-term flight operation. With the condition of surface roughness uniformly distributed on the blade, the fan blade was optimized by using sweep and lean technology, and the aerodynamic characteristics of the fan blade with different surface roughness were numerically investigated. Numerical results show that the overall aerodynamic performance of the fan rotor decreases as the equivalent sand roughness k s of the blade increasing from 3 μm to 150 μm. The isentropic efficiency of the original blade decreases by 1.56% when the surface roughness reaches 150 μm. Composite sweep and lean optimization was carried out when k s = 80 μm, the isentropic efficiency of the optimized blade at design point is increased by 0.28%, the second optimization based on the optimized blade above by using the reverse lean technology further improved the fan isentropic efficiency by 0.12%, the degradation caused by surface roughness was reduced by optimization, and the robust design of fan rotor blade was achieved.
Barriers to Implementing a Cannabis Focused SBIRT in Adolescent Primary Care
Authors: Kristman-Valente Allison N , McCarty Carolyn A , Walker Denise D , Walker-Harding Leslie 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The current study investigated providers’ perceived barriers, supports, and need for adopting a screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment model (SBIRT) intervention related to cannabis reduction into their community based primary care clinics. Methods: Eleven pediatric primary care providers from regional community-based clinics participated in focus groups discussing a proposed adolescent cannabis use SBIRT reduction intervention, perceived need, and potential barriers to implementation within their clinic. Results: Seven primary themes emerged regarding barriers to implementing a cannabis reduction SBIRT in primary care including provider ambivalence to adolescent cannabis use. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand evolving provider perceptions of adolescent cannabis use and how these views impact the adoption of SBIRT for the reduction of cannabis use among their adolescent patients.
MMP-10 Deficiency Effects Differentiation and Death of Chondrocytes Associated with Endochondral Osteogenesis in an Endemic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zhang Dan , Deng Xingxing , Liu Yinan , Zhang Ying , Wang Hui , Zhang Meng , Fang Qian , Yi Chengfen , Zhao Xiaoru , Ma Tianyou , Wu Cuiyan , Chen Jinghong 
Published: July 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) expression pattern and to assess how it contributes to endochondral osteogenesis in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). Design The cartilages of KBD patients, Sprague-Dawley rats fed with selenium (Se)-deficient diet and/or T-2 toxin, and ATDC5 cells were used in this study. ATDC5 cells were induced into hypertrophic chondrocytes using a 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) culture medium for 21 days. The expressions of MMP-10 in the cartilages were visualized by immunohistochemistry. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting. MMP-10 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was transfected into hypertrophic chondrocytes to knock down the gene expression of MMP-10. Meanwhile, the cell death of MMP-10-knockdown chondrocyte was detected using flow cytometry. Results The expression of MMP-10 was decreased in the growth plates of children with KBD. A decreased expression of MMP-10 also was observed in the growth plates of rats fed with an Se-deficient diet and/or T-2 toxin exposure. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-10 increased during the chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. MMP-10 knockdown in hypertrophic chondrocytes significantly decreased the gene and protein expression of collagen type II (Col II), Col X, Runx2, and MMP-13. Besides, the percentage of cell apoptosis was significantly increased after MMP-10 knockdown in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Conclusion MMP-10 deficiency disrupts chondrocyte terminal differentiation and induces the chondrocyte’s death, which impairs endochondral osteogenesis in the pathogenesis of KBD.