bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking what went where across toddlerhood: Feature‐location bound object representations in 2‐ to 3‐year‐olds' working memory
Authors: Kibbe Melissa M. , Applin Jessica B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo experiments examined the development of the ability to encode, maintain, and update integrated representations of occluded objects' locations and featural identities in working memory across toddlerhood. Sixty‐eight 28‐ to 40‐month‐old US toddlers (13 Asian or Pacific Islander, 6 Black, 48 White, 1 multiracial; 40 girls; tested between February 2015 and July 2017) tracked the locations of different color beads that were hidden simultaneously (Experiment 1) or sequentially (Experiment 2). Toddlers' ability to reliably store feature‐location bound object representations in working memory varied as a function of age, memory load, and task demands. These results bridge a developmental gap between infancy and early childhood and provide new insights into sources of limitation and developmental change in children's early object representational capacities.
Are children in foster care in better psychological health than children in institutions? What factors influence the outcome?
Authors: Chartier Stéphanie , Blavier Adélaïde 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the psychological health of children in foster care with that of children in institutional care. Social workers were asked to assess the psychological health of the children as well as several other criteria on the basis of an analysis grid. Our sample consisted of 568 children placed in foster care and 661 children placed in institutions. Our results show that children in care who lived longer with their birth parents have a lower psychological health. Furthermore, the psychological health of children in residential care is lower than children placed in foster families. As children in institution are placed later than children in foster families, this may partially explain the lower psychological health of children in residential care. As a result, children in residential care have experienced more abuse and neglect and witnessed more domestic violence than children in foster care. In addition, children in residential care have more poor‐quality contacts with their birth parents than children in foster family. These contacts negatively influence their psychological health. Finally, the factor that most influences the psychological health of children in care is the quality of the relationship with the people who care for them on a daily basis. Again, children placed in foster families have better‐quality relationships with their foster families than children placed in institutions.
Erythropoietin promotes the differentiation of fetal neural stem cells into glial cells via the erythropoietin receptor‐β common receptor/Syne‐1/H3K9me3 pathway
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Hong , Zhang Si‐Jia , Zhao Hai‐Ping , Li Fang‐Fang , Tao Zhen , Luo Yu‐Min , Wang Rong‐Liang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs)/neural progenitors (NPs) in the treatment of hypoxic–ischemic injury and its potential mechanisms.MethodsFetal NSCs/NPs were treated with EPO after oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs/NPs were detected by CellTiter‐Glo, Edu assay, flow cytometry, and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Immunofluorescence staining, co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP), and western blotting were used to test the existence of EPO receptor/β common receptor (EPOR/βCR) heterodimer on NSCs/NPs and the possible pathway.ResultsEPO treatment at different time points increased cell viability without affecting proliferation. EPO treatment immediately after OGD/R promoted oligodendrocyte and astrocyte differentiation, while decreasing neuronal differentiation of NSCs/NPs. EPOR/βCR heterodimer existed on the cell surface of the fetal cortical NSCs/NPs, EPO treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of βCR and elevated the correlation between EPOR and βCR levels. In addition, mass spectrometry analysis identified Syne‐1 as a downstream signaling molecule of the EPOR/βCR heterodimer. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting indicated that the βCR/Syne‐1/H3K9me3 pathway was possibly involved in the differentiation of fetal neural stem cells into the glial cell effect of EPO.ConclusionEPO treatment immediately after OGD/R could not facilitate fetal NSCs/NPs neurogenesis but promoted the formation of the EPOR/βCR heterodimer on fetal NSCs/NPs, which mediates its function in glial differentiation.
A closer look at allergic contact dermatitis caused by topical ophthalmic medications
Authors: Alves Pedro Botelho , Figueiredo Ana Carolina , Codeço Carlos , Regateiro Frederico S. , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis caused by topical ophthalmic medications (OftACD) is frequently difficult to confirm with patch testing and, therefore, it is considered uncommon.MethodsWe collected retrospective data from a cohort of 65 patients with suspected OftACD patch tested in our Dermatology Unit (2005–2021) according to ESCD guidelines, using a series of topical drugs and excipients (Chemotechnique Diagnostics), including betaxolol and timolol 5% pet. kindly supplied by the pharmaceutical industry. Also, frequently used ophthalmic medications as well as patient's own products were also patch tested ‘as is’ in most patients.ResultsPositive patch tests to ophthalmic medications occurred in 44 patients (67.7%) (38F/6M; mean age 63.1 years), with 102 positive reactions. Most positive reactions were associated with active ingredients (n = 56), especially aminoglycoside antibiotics (n = 27), followed by excipients (n = 24) such as sodium metabisulfite (n = 7). There were also positive reactions to topical products tested ‘as is’ (n = 22), mostly containing beta‐blockers, but only five of these reacted to the active ingredient.DiscussionThis study reinforces previous findings in OftACD, such as older age of onset, and the importance of antibiotics, contrasting with the progressively lower prevalence of excipients. In addition, it helps raising awareness for the sensitization to beta‐blockers, which is probably underestimated. Patch test preparations for the diagnosis of OftACD may require protocol optimization.
Differences in the stemness characteristics and molecular markers of distinct human oral tissue neural crest‐derived multilineage cells
Authors: Abe Shigehiro , Kaida Atsushi , Kanemaru Kazunori , Nakazato Keiichiro , Yokomizo Naoko , Kobayashi Yutaka , Miura Masahiko , Miki Toshio , Hidai Chiaki , Kitano Hisataka , Yoda Tetsuya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAlthough multilineage cells derived from oral tissues, especially the dental pulp, apical papilla, periodontal ligament, and oral mucosa, have neural crest‐derived stem cell (NCSC)‐like properties, the differences in the characteristics of these progenitor cell compartments remain unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate these differences.Material and methodsSphere‐forming apical papilla‐derived cells (APDCs), periodontal ligament‐derived cells (PDLDCs), and oral mucosa stroma‐derived cells (OMSDCs) from the same individuals were isolated from impacted developing teeth. All sphere‐forming cells were characterized through biological analyses of stem cells.ResultsAll sphere‐forming cells expressed neural crest‐related markers. The expression of certain tissue‐specific markers such as CD24 and CD56 (NCAM1) differed among tissue‐derived cells. Surprisingly, the expression of only CD24 and CD56 could be discriminated in human tissues. Although APDCs and PDLDCs exhibited greater mineralized cell differentiation than OMSDCs, they exhibited poorer differentiation into adipocytes in vitro. In immunocompromised mice, APDCs formed hard tissues better than PDLDCs and OMSDCs.ConclusionsAlthough cells with NCSC‐like properties present the same phenotype, they differ in the expression of certain markers and differentiation abilities. This study is the first to demonstrate the differences in the differentiation ability and molecular markers among multilineage human APDCs, PDLDCs, and OMSDCs obtained from the same patients, and to identify tissue‐specific markers that distinguish tissues in the developing stage of the human tooth with immature apex.
Northern quolls in the Pilbara persist in high‐quality habitat, despite a decline trajectory consistent with range eclipse by feral cats
Authors: Hernandez‐Santin Lorna , Goldizen Anne W. , Fisher Diana O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTheory suggests that the distributions of threatened species do not generally contract to the species' core habitat. Rather, surviving populations that decline to range edges often persist in suboptimal habitat because it is least affected by their important threats. The northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) is an endangered carnivorous marsupial that occurs in patchy populations across northern Australia, now almost entirely in rugged habitats. The overall goal of this study was to assess differences in quality across available habitat types to determine if rugged habitats do constitute higher quality habitat for northern quolls, as no field data are yet available to test this hypothesis. Through fieldwork in the Pilbara (Western Australia), we assessed habitats based on vegetation, shelter availability, and prey availability. While we did not find significant differences in prey availability across habitats, we found differences in the availability of potential dens and temporary shelters suggesting that shelters are of higher abundance in rocky‐riparian and rocky habitats. Habitat associations of prey suggest that northern quolls in rocky‐riparian habitats may feed or subsidize their diets with prey from adjacent habitats including grasslands, which carry risk of predation by feral cats in our study area. Our results agree with GIS‐based studies from the Pilbara, namely rugged habitats currently represent the highest quality habitat for northern quolls there. There are two nonexclusive hypotheses explaining the contraction of quolls to rocky habitats; we found stronger support for the den hypothesis than the prey availability hypothesis, suggesting that shelter availability is an important current determinant of habitat quality for northern quolls in the Pilbara. Our study helps to highlight the role of den availability and temporary cover as a crucial component of habitat quality for northern quoll presence and abundance across the landscape under current conditions.
Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with reduced efficacy of an insulin adjustment education program for people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Innes Callum W. D. , Henshall David E. , Wilson Blair , Poon Michael T. C. , Morley Steven D. , Ritchie Stuart A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) course teaches insulin dose adjustment to match dietary carbohydrates and improve glycaemic control in participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We investigated the association between socioeconomic deprivation and reduction in HbA1c as a marker of sustained glycaemic control, after attending DAFNE education.MethodsThis retrospective observational study identified adults with T1DM who attended DAFNE training in NHS Lothian, South East Scotland. We extracted age, sex, postcode‐based Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles and annual HbA1c measurements available four years before and after course attendance. We calculated mean HbA1c before (baseline) and after attendance at DAFNE, across four annual measurements. Change in mean HbA1c (mmol/mol) was categorised into three groups: decrease (≥ − 2.5), no change (<±2.5), increase (≥ + 2.5). We used multivariable ordinal logistic regression, with baseline mean HbA1c as a covariate, to investigate the association of SIMD quintile with reduction in mean HbA1c.Results335 participants were included. Age and sex distribution were similar across SIMD quintiles (Mean age = 45, range 21–91, 59% women). Lower SIMD quintiles (greater deprivation) had higher baseline mean HbA1c (SIMD 1: 76.0, SIMD 5: 69.0). Higher SIMD quintiles (lower deprivation) were associated with lower odds of no change/increase in mean HbA1c (SIMD 5, odds ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.10, 0.58, p = 0.001, multivariable analysis).ConclusionSocioeconomic deprivation was associated with higher baseline mean HbA1c and lower reduction in HbA1c following DAFNE education. Future research could explore causes and how best to support participants from deprived areas.Previous submissionsThis work has not been previously submitted to a journal.This work was presented as a poster at The ABCD Conference 2021 and the abstract (of no more than 300 words) from the meeting has been published:Innes CWD, Henshall DE, Wilson B, Poon M, Morley SD, Ritchie SA. Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with reduced efficacy of an insulin adjustment education programme for people with type 1 diabetes. Br J Diabetes. 2021; 21: 293–296.
Workweek reduction and women's job turnover: Evidence from labor legislation in South Korea
Authors: Ahn Taehyun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether a workweek reduction impacts job turnover behavior of workers, with a particular focus on female worker's turnover. To assess the causal relationship, I exploit the introduction of South Korea's workweek reduction policy as a natural experiment. Using individual longitudinal data, I estimate a job turnover model that distinguishes job‐to‐job transition from job‐to‐nonemployment transition. The estimates reveal that, for women, mandating a 40‐h workweek significantly decreases the probability of making a job‐to‐nonemployment transition and thus raises the probability of staying in the job. The impacts of a work‐hour reduction are salient among married women.
The School of Hard Talks: A telehealth parent training group for caregivers of adolescents and young adults
Authors: Kline Emily R. , Thibeau Heather , Sanders A. Simone , Davis Beshaun J. , Fenley Alicia , McIntyre Theresa , English Kelly , Keshavan Matcheri S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAim: A large body of evidence demonstrates the importance of the family environment in the developmental trajectory of mental illness in young people. Caregiver communication skills training represents a potential model for influencing the outcomes of adolescents and young adults struggling with emerging mental health and behavioural difficulties. The aim of the current study is to describe the development of a telehealth group training intervention for caregivers of adolescents and young adults, and to report the results of a pilot feasibility‐effectiveness study that took place in 2020–2021.Methods: The “School of Hard Talks” intervention consisted of 8 h of training in communication skills consistent with motivational interviewing techniques. All pilot study participants were assigned to receive the intervention. Outcomes of interest were family conflict, caregiver stress, caregiver self‐efficacy and expressed emotion (EE). Participants were assessed three times: prior to the intervention, after the intervention and 12 weeks later.Results: A total of 62 participants enrolled in the study, of whom 49 completed the intervention. Large, significant improvements were observed over time in all four domains of interest. Qualitative feedback from parents was very positive and added context to quantitative observations.Conclusions: The School of Hard Talks was a feasible and effective intervention targeting both caregiver wellbeing as well as important mechanisms of risk for youth psychopathology, namely family conflict and EE. Further research involving a larger sample and a control condition are needed to confirm these findings.
A naturalistic study on the effectiveness of long‐acting antipsychotics in an early intervention program for patients with recent‐onset psychosis
Authors: Martín‐Muñoz Joaquín‐Carlos , Acuña María‐José , Carrión‐Mellado Natividad , Blanco‐Venzalá Matilde , Mantrana‐Ridruejo Laura , Rico‐Villademoros Fernando , Rosado‐Tejero Luisa , Utrera‐Caballero Eva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of long‐acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) on the risk of hospitalization and the length of hospitalization in the setting of an early intervention program for patients with recent‐onset psychosis.MethodsObservational, retrospective study conducted under routine clinical practice conditions. We included all patients admitted from July 2015 to April 2020 to the Early Intervention Program in Psychosis. We analysed the incidence of hospitalization and hospitalization days before and after treatment with LAIs and calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR). We also compared the outcomes of patients treated with LAIs with those of the patients maintained on oral antipsychotics using a binomial negative regression analysis.ResultsA total of 170 patients were included in the program. Of them, 34 (20%) received LAIs (aripiprazole [n = 22], and paliperidone/risperidone [n = 12]). There was an 89% reduction in the incidence of hospitalizations after treatment with LAIs (IRR 0.11, 95%CI 0.05–0.21; p < .0001). The IRR for LAIs vs. oral antipsychotics was 0.87 (95%CI, 0.24–3.18; p = .829). The presence of a substance use disorder significantly increased the rate of hospitalizations by 123% (IRR 2.23, 95%CI 1.31–3.78). Analyses of hospitalization days showed similar results.ConclusionsOur results suggest that LAIs are useful for the management of patients with recent‐onset psychosis who fail treatment with oral antipsychotics. Whether LAIs are superior to oral antipsychotics as first‐line treatment of patients with early psychosis and/or could play a special role in managing patients with early psychosis and comorbid substance use disorders should be further evaluated.
GNA11‐mutated Sturge–Weber syndrome has distinct neurological and dermatological features
Authors: Dompmartin Anne , van der Vleuten Carine J. M. , Dekeuleneer Valérie , Duprez Thierry , Revencu Nicole , Désir Julie , te Loo D. Maroeska W. M. , Flucke Uta , Eijkelenboom Astrid , Schultze Kool Leo , Vikkula Miikka , Boon Laurence 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeSturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) is a neurocutaneous disorder characterized by clinical manifestations involving the brain, eye and skin. SWS is commonly caused by somatic mutations in G protein subunit Alpha Q (GNAQ). Five cases of subunit Alpha 11 (GNA11) mutations have been reported. We studied phenotypic features of GNA11‐SWS and compared them with those of classic SWS.MethodsWithin two European multidisciplinary centers we looked for patients with clinical characteristics of SWS and a GNA11 mutation. Clinical and radiological data were collected retrospectively and prospectively.ResultsWe identified three patients with SWS associated with a somatic GNA11 mutation. All had disseminated capillary malformation (CM) and hyper‐ or hypotrophy of an extremity. At birth, the CMs of the face, trunk and limbs were pink and patchy, and slowly darkened with age, evolving to a purple color. Two of the patients had glaucoma. All had neurological symptoms and moderate brain atrophy with a lower degree of severity than that classically associated with SWS. Susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) and contrast‐enhanced fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the best sensitivity to reveal the pial angiomas.ConclusionsWe have differentiated two distinct clinical/radiological phenotypes of SWS; GNAQ‐ and GNA11‐SWS. The classic GNAQ‐SWS is characterized by a homogeneous dark‐red CM, commonly associated with underlying soft tissue hypertrophy. The CM in GNA11‐SWS is more reticulate and darkens with time, and the neurological picture is milder. SWI and post‐contrast FLAIR sequences appear to be necessary to demonstrate leptomeningeal angiomatosis. Anti‐epileptic medication or future targeted therapies may be useful, as in classic SWS.
Cortical neuronal hypertrophy and mTOR pathway activation in CAN regions in SUDEP
Authors: Patodia Smriti , Lim Yau Mun , Chung Freda , Stylianou Irene , El Hachami Hanaa , Thom Maria 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesDysfunctional connectivity and preexisting structural abnormalities of central autonomic network (CAN) regions have been shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and may be mechanistically relevant. In a previous postmortem study we reported increased microglia in CAN regions, including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in SUDEP. In this current study we investigated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway activation and neuronal c‐Fos activation in CAN regions in SUDEP compared to control groups.MethodsIn a series of 59 postmortem cases (SUDEP, n = 26; epilepsy controls [EPCs], n = 14; and nonepilepsy controls [NECs], n = 19), we quantified pS6‐240/4, pS6‐235/6 (markers of mTOR activation) and c‐Fos neuronal densities and labeling index in the STG, anterior cingulate, insula, frontobasal, and pulvinar regions using immunohistochemistry with whole‐slide automated image analysis.ResultsSignificantly more pS6‐positive neurons were present in the STG in cases with a history of recent seizures prior to death and also in SUDEP compared to other cause of death groups. No differences were noted for c‐Fos neuronal labeling in any region between cause of death groups. Cortical neuronal hypertrophy in the STG was observed in some SUDEP cases and associated with pS6‐240/4 expression. pS6‐235/6 highlighted neuronal intranuclear inclusions, mainly in SUDEP cases and in the STG region.SignificanceNeuronal labeling for pS6 in the STG correlated with both seizure activity in the period prior to death and SUDEP. Further investigations are required to explore the significance of this region in terms of autonomic network dysfunction that may increase the vulnerability for SUDEP.
Management and intelligent control of in‐flight fuel distribution in a commercial aircraft
Authors: Plaza Elías , Santos Matilde 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFuel management is an important issue in aviation for safety and efficiency reasons. This work develops an alternative solution based on an artificial intelligent technique to the fuel distribution management problem in commercial aircrafts. The fuel flow control amongst tanks during the flight is addressed. A fuzzy management system is implemented that decides the best fuel distribution based on safety criteria (keeping engines fed) and dynamic stability (placing the centre of gravity at the appropriate position), amongst other specifications. Expert knowledge is used to define the rules of the fuel fuzzy control, taking into account that the dynamics of the system changes, whilst fuel is being consumed. It has been simulated on a real long‐range‐type commercial aircraft with satisfactory results regarding stability, even in the case of internal malfunction (in pipes, pumps, or valves), and with external disturbances (engine failure). The knowledge‐based fuzzy control is able to maintain the centre of gravity position within the stability and manoeuvrability margins along the flight. Besides, the intelligent control strategy minimizes the action of the actuators, providing some advantages to the control solution.