bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health insurance coverage and health outcomes among transgender adults in the United States
Authors: Campbell Travis , Rodgers Yana van der Meulen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study provides evidence of health and insurance coverage disparities between the cisgender and transgender US populations using repeated cross sections from the 2014–2020 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Systems. The analysis tests whether increasing the incidence of insurance coverage among transgender people could alleviate the health disparity. The empirical approach uses a fuzzy regression discontinuity design that leverages breaks in government health assistance eligibility by age. Results indicate that, for transgender recipients only, insurance coverage meaningfully improves mental health; for cisgender recipients only, insurance coverage reduces difficulties with concentration and memory; and for both the transgender and cisgender populations, insurance coverage contributes to important improvements in physical health, overall health, and healthcare access.
Advancing river corridor science beyond disciplinary boundaries with an inductive approach to catalyse hypothesis generation
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Packman Aaron , Bernal Susana , Brekenfeld Nicolai , Drummond Jen , Graham Emily , Hannah David M. , Klaar Megan , Krause Stefan , Kurz Marie , Li Angang , Lupon Anna , Mao Feng , Roca M. Eugènia Martí , Ouellet Valerie , Royer Todd V. , Stegen James C. , Zarnetske Jay P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA unified conceptual framework for river corridors requires synthesis of diverse site‐, method‐ and discipline‐specific findings. The river research community has developed a substantial body of observations and process‐specific interpretations, but we are still lacking a comprehensive model to distill this knowledge into fundamental transferable concepts. We confront the challenge of how a discipline classically organized around the deductive model of systematically collecting of site‐, scale‐, and mechanism‐specific observations begins the process of synthesis. Machine learning is particularly well‐suited to inductive generation of hypotheses. In this study, we prototype an inductive approach to holistic synthesis of river corridor observations, using support vector machine regression to identify potential couplings or feedbacks that would not necessarily arise from classical approaches. This approach generated 672 relationships linking a suite of 157 variables each measured at 62 locations in a fifth order river network. Eighty four percent of these relationships have not been previously investigated, and representing potential (hypothetical) process connections. We document relationships consistent with current understanding including hydrologic exchange processes, microbial ecology, and the River Continuum Concept, supporting that the approach can identify meaningful relationships in the data. Moreover, we highlight examples of two novel research questions that stem from interpretation of inductively‐generated relationships. This study demonstrates the implementation of machine learning to sieve complex data sets and identify a small set of candidate relationships that warrant further study, including data types not commonly measured together. This structured approach complements traditional modes of inquiry, which are often limited by disciplinary perspectives and favour the careful pursuit of parsimony. Finally, we emphasize that this approach should be viewed as a complement to, rather than in place of, more traditional, deductive approaches to scientific discovery.
Malaria diagnostic update: From conventional to advanced method
Authors: Fitri Loeki Enggar , Widaningrum Tarina , Endharti Agustina Tri , Prabowo Muhammad Hatta , Winaris Nuning , Nugraha Rivo Yudhinata Brian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundUpdate diagnostic methods play essential roles in dealing with the current global malaria situation and decreasing malaria incidence.AimGlobal malaria control programs require the availability of adequate laboratory tests in the quick and convenient field.ResultsThere are several methods to find out the existence of parasites within the blood. The oldest one is by microscopy, which is still a gold standard, although rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have rapidly become a primary diagnostic test in many endemic areas. Because of microscopy and RDTs limitation, novel serological and molecular methods have been developed. Many kinds of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide rapid results and higher specificity and sensitivity. The loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and biosensing‐based molecular techniques as point of care tests (POCT) will become a cost‐effective approach to advance diagnostic testing.ConclusionDespite conventional techniques are still being used in the field, the exploration and field implementation of advanced techniques for the diagnosis of malaria are still being developed rapidly.
A systematic review of the evidence relating to disclosure of psychological distress by mental health professionals within the workplace
Authors: Zamir Aliya , Tickle Anna , Sabin‐Farrell Rachel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review evidence regarding prevalence and choices of disclosure of psychological distress, by mental health professionals within the workplace.MethodsSix databases were searched in June 2020. Studies were included if they were published in English language and included empirical quantitative, qualitative or mixed‐methods data. Studies were excluded if they focused on general healthcare professionals or the general population, or on stress or physical health problems. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Quality Appraisal tool.ResultsNine studies, with a total of 1891 participants, were included. Study quality varied, with studies generally reporting descriptive surveys using hypothetical disclosure scenarios. Distress was often conceptualized in psychiatric terms. These limitations mean conclusions should be treated with caution. Individuals were less likely to disclose in work and had negative experiences of doing so compared to social circles. Fear of stigma inhibited disclosure. There were differing levels of disclosure relating to recipient, trust, quality of supervision, how distress was conceptualized, and type of problem. Disclosure was experienced by some as valuable.ConclusionThere is a need for further research, which addresses the nuanced complexities surrounding disclosure choices for mental health professionals.
Can Bone Erosion in Axial Spondyloarthropathy be Detected by Ultrashort Echo Time Imaging? A Comparison With Computed Tomography in the Sacroiliac Joint
Authors: Hahn Seok , Song Ji Soo , Choi Eun Jung , Cha Jang Gyu , Choi Yunjung , Ju Song Young , Kim InSeong , Park Eun Hae 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundStructural lesion evaluation in axial spondyloarthropathy (SpA) can improve accuracy of diagnosis. However, structural lesions (bone erosions) are difficult to be assessed using conventional MRI compared to computed tomography (CT).PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrashort echo time (UTE) for detecting bone erosion in axial SpA compared to T1WI and three‐dimensional double‐echo steady‐state (3D DESS) imaging using CT as the reference standard.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationFourteen patients (eight females, 57.1%) and 14 healthy controls (seven females, 50.0%) who underwent sacroiliac (SI) joint MRI and CT.Field Strength/Sequence3 T; TSE T1WI, 3D DESS, 2D UTE.AssessmentThe bilateral SI joints were assessed for bone erosion. Three observers scored bone erosion for all three sequences of MRI. CT was used as the gold standard. Diagnostic confidence in axial SpA was measured based on a four‐point confidence score.Statistical TestsCorrelation of erosion scores between CT and MRI were evaluated using Spearman's correlation test. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive–negative predictive values were calculated. Confidence scores were compared using the Wilcoxon sum rank test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsCompared with erosion scores of CT, the correlation coefficients for each MRI sequence showed significant low‐to‐high positive correlations (0.39–0.72). UTE imaging showed the highest correlation coefficients for all observers (0.70, 0.72, and 0.67, respectively). The specificity of UTE imaging was equal or higher than those of T1WI and 3D DESS for all observers (0.86 vs. 0.71 vs. 0.57; 0.93 vs. 0.71 vs. 0.57; 0.79 vs. 0.79 vs. 0.43). All observers had the highest confidence in interpreting UTE imaging for detecting bone erosion among the three sequences (3.5, 3.4, and 3.3 for UTE; 3.1, 3.0, and 2.6 for T1WI; and 3.2, 2.7, and 2.4 for DESS).Data ConclusionUTE imaging can detect bone erosions in patients with axial SpA and show higher specificity than conventional T1WI and 3D DESS.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
The use of fourth party references in the selection process
Authors: Roberto Katherine J. , Johnson Andrew F. , Reed Anita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study identifies and defines the concept of fourth party references (FPRs) and their use and value in the selection process. FPRs are individuals identified by the employer as a potential source of information about an applicant by a source other than the applicant and without their direct prior consent or knowledge. Examining the logistical use and the importance of FPRs, participants indicated that they utilized FPRs routinely, sought them out early in the selection process, and placed high value on them. Women, younger participants, and those living in large cities were less likely to perceive ethical concerns with using FPRs.
Women minority entrepreneurs: Motivational factors and challenges
Authors: Latifi Vjosë , Ramadani Veland , Rexhepi Gadaf 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article discusses the motives, challenges, and perspectives of women minority‐ in Kosovo, emphasizing the pharmacy sector. The aim is to identify women minorities' motives for entrepreneurship and challenges. A qualitative methodology is applied to the interviews of ten ethnic Turkish women entrepreneurs. The interview questions focus on their motives, moral and financial support, work–life balance, and other related issues. Findings show many challenges associated with minority women entrepreneurs related to the imbalance of life and work and the lack of government support as a form of facilitation for entrepreneurship. This study fills the gap in theoretical knowledge about women minority entrepreneurs by addressing motivations and challenges.
The importance of immigrant and return migrant entrepreneurship in the development of a low‐density region
Authors: Marques Carla S. E. , R. Galvão Anderson , Mascarenhas Carla , Pinto Diana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study analyses the importance of immigrant and returns migrant entrepreneurs in developing the low‐density region (Alto Douro Wine Region). Nine immigrant and nine returning migrant entrepreneurs participated in semi‐structured interviews. For triangulation purposes, four regional stakeholder institutions members were also interviewed (two municipalities, a university, and a local association). The interviews underwent content analysis and data coding using NVIVO software. The results provide empirical evidence about the importance of entrepreneurial immigrants and returning migrants in low‐density regions like the Alto Douro, showing how the knowledge and experience acquired in other countries allow these business people to look at the region differently, leading them to perceive unexplored potentialities and thus contribute to regional development.
Financing the creation of microenterprises with microcredit: Does being an immigrant make a difference?
Authors: Sarkar Soumodip , Bilau José Jacinto , Correia Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFinancing immigrant microenterprises has emerged as an important economic and social issue in Europe, yet this is an area that presents specificities only partially investigated by extant literature. Using a bank's loan dataset containing information on 669 small loans granted in Portugal between 2016 and 2019, this paper explores differences between immigrants and nationals in financing microenterprises in small loans programs. The results obtained with nonparametric statistical tests allow us to conclude that immigrants are different from their national counterparts in terms of human capital and location of business activity. However, no significant differences were found between immigrant entrepreneurs (IEs) from their national counterparts in the credit amount, sector in which businesses are created and small loan repayment. Our study contributes toward broadening the literature on the financing of IE by empirically testing the thesis that claims “discrimination against minorities” by credit institutions and explores less investigated aspects with geographic or business sector focus. Results are also useful for policymakers and support providers who often face many obstacles in designing and implementing support policies for entrepreneurial immigrants.
Facing the challenges of smokeless tobacco epidemic in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman M Mostafa , Hakim Ferdous , Alam Syed Mahbubul , Sujon Aminul Islam , Banik Palash Chandra , Bhuiyan Rijwan , Rahman Md. Bazlur , Karim Iftekhairul , Alam Mashud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSmokeless tobacco (SLT) use in Bangladesh is one of the highest in the world. Despite having a tobacco control programme, the use of SLTs has increased in recent years. The objective of this paper is to report on the prevalence of SLTs and challenges faced during control measures in Bangladesh.MethodsA wide range of published reports on tobacco in general and SLT were reviewed. Websites of relevant organizations and national survey reports including PubMed were visited to identify national‐ or subnational‐level data. Legislations, policies and their implementation and programmes are reviewed. Additional data were captured by active surveys on SLT products, especially on graphic health warning. The authors’ perspectives on SLT control in Bangladesh were captured through a series of brainstorming sessions.FindingsThe reported prevalence of SLTs ranged from 21% to 26% among adults. SLT control measures are not adequately addressed despite the existence of several policies and programmes. It is based to the definition of Tobacco Control ACT in 2013. We propose inadequate prioritization and weak policy directives; unregulated industry leading to high production, marketing, violation of package warning and tax evasion; high level of cultural acceptance; and poor awareness of the people as challenges to the control efforts. In addition, a lenient attitude of the government towards the so‐called “cottage” industry made SLTs unabated. We propose prioritization of SLT control, strengthening industry monitoring and tax measures, countering cultural acceptability and public ignorance and cessation support engaging government and civil society organizations as the way forward.ConclusionThe control measures should be evidence‐based warranting operational research. Government and non‐government organizations’ collaborative efforts on an immediate, short‐and long‐term basis are recommended to meet the challenges of SLTs. These primarily include policy support for prioritization, enforcement of legislation, industry and marketing regulation, stringent tax measures, denormalizing societal acceptability and cessation support.
Surgeon‐performed fine‐needle aspiration for lymph nodes behind the big cervical vessels in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Song Yuntao , Xu Guohui , Wang Tianxiao , Zhu Yanli , Zhang Yabing , Zhang Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the technique of surgeon‐performed ultrasound (US)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of cervical retrovascular lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients and analyze its efficacy.MethodsThis study included consecutive patients with retrovascular suspicious lymph nodes who had FNA performed by surgeons. The technique and efficacy of four different puncture routes were assessed.ResultsA total of 102 lymph node FNAs were performed on 100 patients. None yield insufficient aspiration, while 2% of FNA cytology result in an indeterminate diagnosis. No severe complication was observed. Cytologic testing plus thyroglobulin washout indicated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in diagnosing nodal metastasis were 99%, 93%, 97%, and 97%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the test accuracy of FNA through different routes.ConclusionsIn PTC patients, suspicious lymph nodes behind the big cervical vessels should not be considered a contraindication to FNA. They can be diagnosed safely and accurately using appropriate puncture routes.Level of evidence: 4.
Case of a Man with Hemichorea and Behavioral Changes: “A Red Herring”
Authors: Kleiner Galit , Ryan Stephen A. , Bilbao Juan , Keith Julia , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Black Sandra E. , Lang Anthony E. , Masellis Mario 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)–pallido‐nigro‐luysian atrophy (PNLA) is a neuropathological entity thought to be a variant of classic PSP. Clinical features and pathologic hallmarks are the same in both conditions; however, age and order of symptom onset, disease duration and prognosis, and distribution and density of pathology differentiate the 2 entities.ObjectivesThis study presents a PSP‐PNLA case confirmed pathologically with a clinical presentation of hemichorea/ballism, spasticity, progressive hemiparesis, and a frontal behavioral syndrome with relative cognitive sparing early in the disease course.MethodsWe describe the clinical progression in this unique case supplemented with video and imaging findings in the form of magnetic resonance imaging and brain single photon emission computed tomography. Final diagnosis is via pathological analysis at autopsy.ResultsWe present an elderly gentleman who manifested a clinical syndrome consisting of subacute onset of chorea that at presentation was distinctly unilateral and a frontal behavioral syndrome in the setting of mild thrombocytopenia and elevated anticardiolipin antibodies. Positive antiphospholipid antibodies resulted in an initial antemortem diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome as a cause of his chorea. Longitudinal follow‐up over 5 years demonstrated a progression of clinical features with hemi‐motor impersistence/chorea, disinhibition and impulsivity, and eventually corticospinal distribution weakness on the initially affected side. He required nursing home care and falls necessitated wheelchair use. Postmortem neuropathological study revealed a diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration‐tau, PSP‐PNLA.ConclusionsThis case broadens the phenotype of PSP‐PNLA and to our knowledge is the only case presenting with unilateral chorea.
Pulmonary manifestations and the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry Disease with the p. Arg227Ter (p.R227*) mutation
Authors: Pietilä‐Effati Päivi , Söderström Johan , Saarinen Jukka T. , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Kantola Ilkka 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD) is caused by a defect in α‐galactosidase A gene (GLA) which leads to a progressive accumulation of neutral shingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide and its metabolites in several organs. Pulmonary manifestations of FD mimic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and are disproportionate to smoking status. The effect of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on pulmonary function is inconclusive.We studied the effect of ERT on pulmonary function in FD with a mutation p. Arg227Ter (p.R227*) which is one of the most common mutations causing classical FD in Finland and worldwide.MethodsPatients were annually examined by multidisciplinary team. Based on the maximal pulmonary oxygen consumption at the baseline, either cardiopulmonary exercise test or combination of spirometry and 6‐minute walking test were performed annually during 5‐year follow‐up.ResultsFour males and eight females met the criteria for ERT and were included in this study. Three of 12 patients had obstruction by GOLD criterion before ERT, and one had a borderline obstruction. In 5 years, five patients were classified as obstructive, although the real change in FEV1/FVC was unchanged in the whole cohort. Only one patient was an active smoker.ConclusionIn nonsmokers, pulmonary manifestations in classical FD are mild and might be stabilized by ERT.
Determination of optimal regularization factor in Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction of brain PET images using [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB
Authors: Wagatsuma Kei , Miwa Kenta , Kamitaka Yuto , Koike Emiya , Yamao Tensho , Yoshii Tokiya , Kobayashi Rinya , Nezu Shogo , Sugamata Yuta , Miyaji Noriaki , Imabayashi Etsuko , Ishibashi Kenji , Toyohara Jun , Ishii Kenji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm, Q.Clear, can achieve a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio on images and more accurate quantitation than ordered subset‐expectation maximization (OSEM). The reconstruction parameter (β) in BPL requires optimization according to the radiopharmaceutical tracer. The present study aimed to define the optimal β value in BPL required to diagnose Alzheimer disease from brain positron emission tomography (PET) images acquired using 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose ([18F]FDG) and 11C‐labeled Pittsburg compound B ([11C]PiB).MethodsImages generated from Hoffman 3D brain and cylindrical phantoms were acquired using a Discovery PET/computed tomography (CT) 710 and reconstructed using OSEM + time‐of‐flight (TOF) under clinical conditions and BPL + TOF (β = 20–1000). Contrast was calculated from images generated by the Hoffman 3D brain phantom, and noise and uniformity were calculated from those generated by the cylindrical phantom. Five cognitively healthy controls and five patients with Alzheimer disease were assessed using [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB PET to validate the findings from the phantom study. The β values were restricted by the findings of the phantom study, then one certified nuclear medicine physician and two certified nuclear medicine technologists visually determined optimal β values by scoring the quality parameters of image contrast, image noise, cerebellar stability, and overall image quality of PET images from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent).ResultsThe contrast in BPL satisfied the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine (JSNM) criterion of ≥55% and exceeded that of OSEM at ranges of β = 20–450 and 20–600 for [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB, respectively. The image noise in BPL satisfied the JSNM criterion of ≤15% and was below that in OSEM when β = 150–1000 and 400–1000 for [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB, respectively. The phantom study restricted the ranges of β values to 100–300 and 300–500 for [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB, respectively. The BPL scores for gray–white matter contrast and image noise, exceeded those of OSEM in [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB images regardless of β values. Visual evaluation confirmed that the optimal β values were 200 and 450 for [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB, respectively.ConclusionsThe BPL achieved better image contrast and less image noise than OSEM, while maintaining quantitative standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) due to full convergence, more rigorous noise control, and edge preservation. The optimal β values for [18F]FDG and [11C]PiB brain PET were apparently 200 and 450, respectively. The present study provides useful information about how to determine optimal β values in BPL for brain PET imaging.