bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcome of Glioblastoma Treated in North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre Between 2014 and 2018
Authors: Ghosal Niladri , Burford Pauline , Showkat Mehrine , Abbasi Ehsaan Ullah , Sirelkhatim Mazin , Kodavatiganti Ravi , Hind Ann , Soe Win 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults and has a very poor clinical outcome. An audit of the clinical outcomes of patients with glioblastoma at our centre was conducted and compare with the results reported nationally in the National Cancer Registration Service and Hospital Episode Statistics 2007– 2011.[1] ) as well as international standards.

METHOD
Patients with GBM in North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre from October 2014 to September 2018 were identified using Canisc databases. We censored 2 patients because of no further follow up due to transferred to other centres. Treatment and outcome data was retrospectively collected using electronic record systems and the case notes.

RESULTS
The total 117 patients with GBM were identified. The craniotomy and Debulking surgery was done in 67, Biopsy only in 29 and no surgery in 21 patients. Median OS of all patients was 9.2 months. The median OS in the patient group of under 70 years treated with Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (60 Gy) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy was 16.9 months. Median OS of patients aged 70 years and above who had “radiotherapy” or “no radiotherapy” were 6.5 months versus 1.9 months respectively.

CONCLUSION
Our results are comparable to the national outcomes. We would be reporting further on the differential survivals of different age groups and with results of genetic biomarker stratifications.
Predictors of Improved Outcomes in the Management of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme – Retrospective Review of a Single Centre Experience
Authors: Ziff Charlotte , Price Louise , Elmasry Abdelfattah , Giridharan Selvaraj 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

AIMS
To assess the benefit of combining maximal resection, Gliadel wafer insertion, CCRT and 4 or more cycles of adjuvant TMZ.

METHOD
We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 110 patients who had undergone neurosurgery followed by chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) 60 Gray in 30 fractions and had at least one cycle of adjuvant TMZ from 2007 to 2016. Minimum follow up period 5 years.

RESULTS
Patients who had maximal safe debulking plus Gliadel wafer insertion, median OS was 19.5 months (95% confidence interval 14-30) those without wafers median OS was 16 months (95% confidence interval 14 – 21), P=0.06; significant on cox regression modelling. (P-value 0.008). Those continuing to receive at least 4 cycles of adjuvant TMZ median OS improved by 10 months compared to those unable to complete 4 cycles (10 vs 20 months). On cox analysis the number of adjuvant cycles of TMZ significantly affects OS, P-value 0.0003. Of these significant predictors of OS when combined (n=12) median OS was 18 months. Compared to 16 months for those who did not receive Glidel wafers and could not complete 4 cycles of TMZ following CRT. OS log-rank test P-value 0.4

CONCLUSION
We were not able to demonstrate a statistically significant improved OS for those undergoing wafer insertion and completing at least 4 cycles of TMZ. Data may be inconclusive due to the small numbers, we conclude standard of care should still remain maximal safe debulking followed by CCRT and TMZ.
Evaluation of Bebtelovimab for Treatment of Covid-19 During the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Era
Authors: McCreary Erin K , Kip Kevin E , Collins Kevin , Minnier Tami E , Snyder Graham M , Steiner Ashley , Meyers Russell , Borneman Tina , Adam Michelle , Thurau Lauren , Yealy Donald M , Huang David T , Bariola J Ryan , Schmidhofer Mark , Wadas Richard J , Angus Derek C , Kip Paula L , Marroquin Oscar C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment is associated with decreased risk of hospitalization and death in high-risk outpatients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Bebtelovimab exhibits in vitro activity against the Omicron variant and its sublineages; however, clinical data are lacking.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing bebtelovimab-treated patients with propensity score–adjusted and matched nontreated control groups. Participants included high-risk outpatients eligible for bebtelovimab treatment under Emergency Use Authorization with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test from March 30 to May 28, 2022. Treated patients received single-dose intravenous treatment with bebtelovimab. The primary outcome was hospitalization or death over 28 days.

Results
Before matching/statistical adjustment, mAb-treated patients were, on average, 10 years older than nontreated patients (61.6 vs 51.3 years) and had higher prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cancer, organ or cell transplant, and immunocompromised status (standardized mean differences ≥0.20). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of hospitalization or death comparing 1006 treated with 2023 nontreated patients was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31–0.80). Among 930 treated and 930 propensity score–matched nontreated patients, the incidence of hospitalization or death was 3.1% vs 5.5%, respectively (conditional OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32–0.86). The lower odds ratio of hospitalization or death associated with bebtelovimab treatment was most evident in older patients, those with immunocompromised status, and fully vaccinated patients.

Conclusions
Monoclonal antibody treatment with bebtelovimab among COVID-19 outpatients is associated with lower odds of hospitalization or death, particularly among immunocompromised and older patients.
Degendering the Law Through Stereotype Theory
Authors: Bornstein Stephanie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The development of gender stereotype theory in feminism and in the law reflects three interrelated ideas: uprooting women’s subordination, promoting individual liberty, and dismantling the gender binary. In early cases, legal advocates pursued an anticlassification strategy to challenge “separate spheres” ideology, while laying the groundwork for antisubordination approaches. In later cases, advocates used social science on bias to challenge the structural nature of gender stereotypes and framed discrimination because of sexual orientation or gender identity as an unlawful penalty for gender nonconformity. Gender stereotyping has become a primary concept in antidiscrimination law, helping expand what constitutes discrimination “because of sex” and the types of proof that may support discrimination claims. Yet while gender stereotyping arguments have advanced formal equality goals, they have been less successful in achieving substantive equality, redressing intersectional discrimination for women of color, or reaching beyond the gender binary. As with feminist legal theory, then, gender stereotype theory continues to evolve.
Applying International Feminist Insights to Gendered Violence in the United States
Authors: Higgins Tracy E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores practical and theoretical insights gained from international human rights work on gender equality and their potential application to persistent problems of gender-motivated violence in the United States. Beyond simply asserting the relevance and application of international human rights instruments to domestic law in the United States, the chapter focuses on various ways that international human rights theorists have conceptualized the role of the state in committing, tolerating, and supporting gendered violence. Because international human rights law necessarily foregrounds the state, it offers feminist theorists working on domestic law new ways to consider both the advantages and the risks of invoking state power as a means of disrupting patriarchy.
Pacification in Asia since the End of the Cold War
Authors: Brenner David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Peacebuilding scholars have highlighted the illiberal nature of pacification practices in Asia, often in juxtaposition to the supposedly liberal character of Western peacebuilding approaches. This binary between Western “liberal” and Eastern “illiberal” peacebuilding however seems problematic. The dichotomy does not account for the authoritarian tenets of Western “liberal peacebuilding” and, consequently, fails to specify the political condition of pacification in Asia. To offer a better understanding of the politics of peacebuilding in Asia, this chapter historicizes conflict and pacification in the region. Doing so highlights the role of ethnicity and nationalism in driving protracted conflict between the postcolonial nation-state and ethnic minority populations in the region. It also provides for an alternative understanding of contemporary peacemaking efforts in Asia, which often unfold within the trajectory of ethnocratic statebuilding. As this approach to pacification seeks to align the state container with a national body, it has often fueld resistance and conflict rather than peace.
Elihu Burritt
Authors: Howlett Charles F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Elihu Burritt (1810–1879) was a self-taught blacksmith by trade who mastered some forty languages while growing up in New England. A publicist at heart and an idealist in temperament, Burritt singlehandedly founded the most famous nonsectarian peace organization of his century, League of Universal Brotherhood. His organization linked the American cause to sympathetic counterparts on the British Isles and the European continent. Reaching out primarily to the laboring masses in the United States and abroad, he carried his message of peace through his short-lived weekly newspaper (Christian Citizen), his “Friendly Addresses” filled with signatures on both sides of the Atlantic that he personally delivered to officials in Washington DC, and his “The Olive Leaf Mission” through which peace messages were inserted in some forty continental newspapers and in presses in the United States. At the time of his death in 1879, he was considered the most popular peace figure in nineteenth-century America.
Sérgio Vieira de Mello
Authors: Hartwell Leon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSérgio Vieira de Mello (1948–2003) was a legendary United Nations diplomat and quintessential negotiator. Throughout his career he served in a variety of hotspots where he rubbed shoulders with some of the world’s most objectionable characters, including génocidaires, mass murderers, and war criminals. His friends joked that his memoirs should be entitled My Friends: The War Criminals, while some individuals were deeply uncomfortable with Vieira de Mello’s undertakings. This chapter focuses on some of Vieira de Mello’s ventures in Cambodia and the former Yugoslavia. It is argued that he left behind important lessons as to why, if, and how one should bargain with the devil.
Introduction
Authors: Peterson Christian Philip , Howlett Charles F. , Buffton Deborah D. , Hostetter David L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter seeks to explore how peace historians affirm that the pursuit of peace is as significant as military conflict in explaining the past. The task of historians who explore the dynamics of peacemaking is to examine how people, across time and place, have striven to create diverse cultures of peace and applied strategies for change. Such exploration reveals that people can effectively challenge a violent status quo by describing the ways that peace advocates have resisted militarism, nationalism, xenophobia, and oppression. Greater understanding of the many methods of peacemaking also provides examples of legitimate civic systems capable of reducing and preventing violent conflicts. As part of a broader, interdisciplinary inquiry, peace history evaluates efforts to cultivate practices of peace aimed at mitigating violence and preventing major state wars in an increasingly dangerous world. What is peace history? What have peace historians done so far? What are the strengths and limits of peace history, and what can it offer for the future? What is the relationship between peace history and other related fields, such as peace and conflict studies, conflict resolution, and so on? These issues are addressed from a chronological and topical approach tied to a global outlook.
تعزيز استجابة الشرطة لـ كوفيد- 19 مع المشاركة الإعلامية: تجربة الإمارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: علم إدريس 
Published: October 2022

الملخص
صَنّفت التقييماتُ العالمية المستخلصة للاستجابة لجائحة كوفيد- 19 والممارسة السريرية العالمية (وهي شبكة تتكون من 12942 طبيباً من 151 دولة) الاستجابةَ العالميةَ لأمراض العدوى في الإمارات العربية المتحدة باستمرار على أنها واحدة من أكثر الدول فعالية في الاستجابات الطبية لجائحة كوفيد- 19. بالتوازي مع ذلك، فإنه وفقًا لمقياس إيدلمان للثقة لعام 2020، فقد بلغت ثقة الجمهور في حكومة الإمارات العربية المتحدة 81٪ - وهي نتيجة رائدة في الشرق الأوسط. وفي حين لوحظ انتشار شائعات حول سوء الفهم على نطاق واسع ونقص التنسيق في المراحل الأولى من كوفيد- 19 على مستوى العالم، أظهرت حالة الإمارات العربية المتحدة نهجًا وتجربة إيجابية شاملة. يهدف البحث الوارد في هذه الورقة إلى فهم دور الإعلام في استجابة الشرطة فيما يتعلق بإدارة مخاطر كوفيد- 19 في الإمارات العربية المتحدة. تم إجراء تحليل محتوى الوثائق ومصادر البيانات من مصادر البيانات الوصفية العامة المتعلقة بـ كوفيد- 19. تشير النتائج إلى أن البنية التشريعية والمؤسسية المواتية المحددة مسبقًا، والكفاءة المهنية لوسائل الإعلام والشرطة، والأساليب التعاونية بين الهيئات المنفذة ساهمت في نجاح المرحلة المبكرة من إدارة مخاطر كوفيد- 19 في الإمارات العربية المتحدة. يساهم هذا البحث في تكوين مجموعة المعرفة في إدارة مخاطر الجائحات والوباء المعلوماتي من خلال تحليل تجربة الإمارات العربية المتحدة.
الشرطة الذكية: مبادرة شرطة أبو ظبي القائمة على الذكاء الاصطناعي والنظام العالمي لتحديد المواقع (جي بي اس) لخفض مخالفات سائقي المركبات الثقيلة
Authors: ديفيس أماندا , الشامسي أحمد سرور 
Published: October 2022

المخلص
واحدة من نتائج مجتمع القرن الحادي والعشرين الذي يتطور بسرعة كبيرة هو إدارة حركة المرور عالميا. تُعَدّ حوادث الاصطدام الناجمة عن حركة المرور من أكثر الحوادث شيوعا مما يتطلب استجابة الشرطة. يناقش البحث في هذا المقال استراتيجية التدخل التي طورتها وطبقتها شرطة أبو ظبي لتقليل تأثير مخالفات سائقي المركبات الثقيلة والآثار المصاحبة للاصطدام والوفيات والإصابات خلال 5 سنوات حتى أبريل 2020. تقدم هذه المقالة النتائج المستخلصة من تقييم تأثير نظام أذونات الشاحنات لمركز المرور الذكي التابع لشرطة أبو ظبي والذي يدعمه نظام تعقب مركبات ذكي معقد متعدد الأبعاد قائم على التكنولوجيا إلى جانب عملية عقوبة انتهاك السائق. ويشير تحليل البيانات إلى حدوث انخفاض إيجابي في الحوادث الناجمة عن الشاحنات والوفيات والإصابات الناجمة عنها خلال فترة ما بعد التدخل. يشير البحث إلى أن استراتيجيات الشرطة الفعالة التي تتضمن قدرات التكنولوجيا الذكية لديها القدرة على التحسين المستمر لإدارة حركة المرور على الطرق وعن طريق الارتباط بالأثر على الاستدامة الإنسانية والاقتصادية للمجتمع والشعب.
Efficacy of MSC in Patients with Severe COVID-19: Analysis of the Literature and a Case Study
Authors: Grumet Martin , Sherman Jason , Dorf Barry S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Patients with severe COVID-19 experience cytokine storm, an uncontrolled upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which if unresolved leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ damage, and death. Treatments with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) [Viswanathan S, Shi Y, Galipeau J, et al. Mesenchymal stem versus stromal cells: International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Mesenchymal Stromal Cell committee position statement on nomenclature. Cytotherapy. 2019;21:1019-1024] appear to be effective in reducing morbidity and mortality. MSC respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines by releasing anti-inflammatory factors and mobilizing immune cells. We analyzed 82 COVID-19 clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov to determine MSC dosing, routes of administration, and outcome measures. Nearly all trials described the use of intravenous delivery with most doses ranging between 50 and 125 million MSC/treatment, which overlaps with a minimal effective dose range that we described previously. We also searched the literature to analyze clinical trial reports that used MSC to treat COVID-19. MSC were found to improve survival and oxygenation, increase discharge from intensive care units and hospitals, and reduce levels of pro-inflammatory markers. We report on a 91-year-old man with severe COVID-19 who responded rapidly to MSC treatment with transient reductions in several pro-inflammatory markers and delayed improvement in oxygenation. The results suggest that frequent monitoring of pro-inflammatory markers for severe COVID-19 will provide improved treatment guidelines by determining relationships between cytokine storms and ARDS. We propose that markers for cytokine storm are leading indicators for ARDS and that measurement of cytokines will indicate earlier treatment with MSC than is performed now for ARDS in severe COVID-19.
Patching Up the Permeability: The Role of Stem Cells in Lessening Neurovascular Damage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Monsour Molly , Garbuzova-Davis Svitlana , Borlongan Cesario V 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating disease with poor prognosis. The pathophysiology of ALS is commonly debated, with theories involving inflammation, glutamate excitotoxity, oxidative stress, mitochondria malfunction, neurofilament accumulation, inadequate nutrients or growth factors, and changes in glial support predominating. These underlying pathological mechanisms, however, act together to weaken the blood brain barrier and blood spinal cord barrier, collectively considered as the blood central nervous system barrier (BCNSB). Altering the impermeability of the BCNSB impairs the neurovascular unit, or interdependent relationship between the brain and advances the concept that ALS is has a significant neurovascular component contributing to its degenerative presentation. This unique categorization of ALS opens a variety of treatment options targeting the reestablishment of BCNSB integrity. This review will critically assess the evidence implicating the significant neurovascular components of ALS pathophysiology, while also offering an in-depth discussion regarding the use of stem cells to repair these pathological changes within the neurovascular unit.
Effects of spring- versus fall-calving on perinatal nutrient availability and neonatal vigor in beef cattle
Authors: Wichman Lindsey G , Redifer Colby A , Rathert-Williams Abigail R , Duncan Natalie B , Payne Craig A , Meyer Allison M 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo determine the effect of calving season on perinatal nutrient availability and neonatal beef calf vigor, data were collected from 4 spring- (average calving date: February 14; n = 203 total) and 4 fall- (average calving date: September 20; n = 179 total) calving experiments. Time to stand was determined as minutes from birth to standing for 5 s. After birth, calf weight and size (length, heart and abdominal girth, and cannon circumference) were recorded. Jugular blood samples and rectal temperatures were obtained at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h postnatally in 6 experiments and at 48 h postnatally in Exp. 2 to 8. Data were analyzed with fixed effects of season (single point) or season, hour, and their interaction (over time, using repeated measures). Experiment was a random effect; calf sex was included when P ≤ 0.25. Within calving season, correlations were determined between calf size, vigor, and 48-h serum total protein. Fall-born calves tended to have lighter (P = 0.09) birth weight and faster (P = 0.05) time to stand than spring-born calves. Season did not affect (P ≥ 0.18) gestation length, other calf size measures, or 48-h serum total protein. Fall-born calves had greater (P ≤ 0.003) rectal temperature at 0, 24, and 48 h postnatal. Spring-born calves had greater (P ≤ 0.009) circulating glucose at 0 h, serum non-esterified fatty acids at 0 and 6 h, and plasma triglycerides at 0, 6, 12, and 48 h. Fall-born calves had greater (P ≤ 0.03) sodium from 6 to 48 h and magnesium from 0 to 24 h of age. Phosphorus was greater (P ≤ 0.02) at 6 and 12 h of age in spring-born calves. Spring-born calves had greater (P ≤ 0.04) aspartate aminotransferase at 12 and 24 h and creatine kinase at 0 and 12 h of age. Fall-born calves had greater (P ≤ 0.03) albumin, calcium, and chloride, had lower (P ≤ 0.03) bicarbonate and direct bilirubin, and tended to have greater (P = 0.10) anion gap (all main effects of calving season). Calf birth weight had a weak positive relationship (P ≤ 0.03) with 48-h serum total protein and time to stand in fall-born, but not spring-born, calves. Overall, fetal growth was restricted and neonatal dehydration was increased by warm conditions for fall-born calves, but vigor and metabolism were negatively affected by cold conditions in spring-born calves. These data suggest that calving season influences perinatal nutrient availability, which may impact the transition of beef calves to postnatal life.
Neural correlates of extinction in a rat model of appetitive Pavlovian conditioning
Authors: Brown Alexa , Villaruel Franz R. , Chaudhri Nadia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtinction is a fundamental form of inhibitory learning that is important for adapting to changing environmental contingencies. While numerous studies have investigated the neural correlates of extinction using Pavlovian fear conditioning and appetitive operant reward-seeking procedures, less is known about the neural circuitry mediating the extinction of appetitive Pavlovian conditioned responding. Here, we aimed to generate an extensive brain activation map of extinction learning in a rat model of appetitive Pavlovian conditioning. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to associate a conditioned stimulus (CS; 20 s white noise) with the delivery of a 10% sucrose unconditioned stimulus (US; 0.3 ml/CS) to a fluid port. Control groups also received CS presentations, but sucrose was delivered either during the inter-trial interval or in the home-cage. After conditioning, 1 or 6 extinction sessions were conducted in which the CS was presented but sucrose was withheld. We performed Fos immunohistochemistry and network connectivity analyses on a set of cortical, striatal, thalamic, and amygdalar brain regions. Neural activity in the prelimbic cortex, ventral orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens core, and paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus was greater during recall relative to extinction. Conversely, prolonged extinction following 6 sessions induced increased neural activity in the infralimbic cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens shell compared to home-cage controls. All these structures were similarly recruited during recall on the first extinction session. These findings provide novel evidence for the contribution of brain areas and neural networks that are differentially involved in the recall versus extinction of appetitive Pavlovian conditioned responding.