bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cohort differences in the development of civic engagement during adolescence
Authors: Grütter Jeanine , Buchmann Marlis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInvestigating whether changing societal circumstances have altered the development of civic engagement, this study compared developmental changes from mid‐ to late adolescence (i.e., age 15–18) across two cohorts of representative Swiss samples (born in 1991, N = 1258, Mage T1 = 15.30, 54% female, 33% migration background representing diverse ethnicities; born in 2000, N = 930, Mage T1 = 15.32, 51% female; 33% migration background).Findings from latent multigroup models revealed similar levels in attitudes about social justice in both cohorts, remaining stable over time. Adolescents reported lower levels of political efficacy and informal helping in the cohort born in 2000. Both aspects slightly increased during adolescence. Informal helping had a steeper increase in the 1991 compared to the 2000 cohort, suggesting developmental differences between cohorts.
Ocular surface disturbance in patients after acute COVID‐19
Authors: Wan Kelvin H. , Lui Grace C. Y. , Poon Ken C. F. , Ng Susanna S. S. , Young Alvin L. , Hui David S. C. , Tham Clement C. Y. , Chan Paul K. S. , Pang Chi Pui , Chong Kelvin K. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the ocular surface disturbances in COVID‐19 patients discharged from the hospital.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐nine eyes of 109 healthy participants and 456 eyes of 228 post‐COVID‐19 patients received comprehensive eye examinations; the latter were interviewed with questionnaires on ocular symptoms before and after COVID‐19 diagnosis. Associations of ocular surface manifestations with virological and ophthalmic parameters were evaluated by multivariable mixed linear or logistic regression models.ResultsMean interval between COVID‐19 diagnosis and ophthalmic evaluation was 52.23 ± 16.12 days. The severity of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) based on clinical staging was higher in post‐COVID‐19 than healthy eyes (1.14 ± 0.67 vs. 0.92 ± 0.68, p = 0.002) and so was ocular surface staining score (0.60 ± 0.69 vs. 0.49 ± 0.68, p = 0.044). Patients requiring supplementary oxygen during hospitalisation had shorter tear break‐up time (β −1.63, 95% CI ‐2.61 to −0.65). Cycle threshold (Ct) value from upper respiratory samples (inversely correlated with viral load) at diagnosis had an OR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.84–0.98) with new ocular surface symptoms 4 weeks after diagnosis. The presence of ocular surface symptoms 1 week prior to COVID‐19 diagnosis showed an OR of 20.89 (95% CI 6.35–68.66) of persistent or new ocular symptoms 4 weeks afterward.ConclusionsMGD and ocular surface staining are more common and severe in post‐COVID‐19 patients. Patients with higher viral loads have greater risks of ocular surface symptoms. Patients requiring supplementary oxygen are more likely to show tear film instability. Ocular surface evaluation should be considered 1–3 months following hospital discharge for any COVID‐19 patient.
Genetically predicted fasting blood glucose level plays a causal role in intraocular pressure: A Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Tan Xiao , Zhong Zhenyu , Wang Qingfeng , Su Guannan , Cao Qingfeng , Kijlstra Aize , Yang Peizeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine possible causal associations between various components of metabolic syndrome and glaucoma‐related phenotypes.MethodsA two‐sample Mendelian randomisation study was conducted with the models of inverse‐variance weighted (IVW), maximum likelihood, weighted median and MR‐Egger regression. We accessed data from publicly available genome‐wide association studies for individual parameters of metabolic syndrome as the exposures and the data for glaucoma and its endophenotypes as the outcomes.ResultsAmong 11 exposures and 6 outcomes examined in this Mendelian randomisation study, only fasting blood glucose level showed evidence of a causal influence on intraocular pressure. Results analysed by the IVW model suggested that each one‐SD increase in genetically predicted fasting blood glucose level was significantly associated with 0.80 SD elevation in intraocular pressure (β: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.38–1.22, p: 2.12e−4). The maximum likelihood model (β: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.39–1.25, p: 1.616e−4) also supported a significant causal effect. The weighted median model (β: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.17–1.39, p: 0.012) showed a nominally significant effect whereas the MR‐Egger model (β: 0.63, 95% CI: −0.32–1.59, p: 0.212) showed a consistent direction of effect but was not statistically significant. Several sensitivity analyses indicated no evidence of directional horizontal pleiotropy that would bias the result.ConclusionsThis Mendelian randomisation study provides evidence for a causal role for genetically determined higher fasting blood glucose level in the development of increased intraocular pressure. This finding could be considered in the monitoring and control of intraocular pressure and may be instrumental in prevention strategies for ocular hypertension.
Phenotypic spectrum of BLM‐ and RMI1‐related Bloom syndrome
Authors: Gönenc Ipek Ilgin , Elcioglu Nursel H. , Martinez Grijalva Carolina , Aras Seda , Großmann Nadine , Praulich Inka , Altmüller Janine , Kaulfuß Silke , Li Yun , Nürnberg Peter , Burfeind Peter , Yigit Gökhan , Wollnik Bernd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBloom syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive disorder with characteristic clinical features of primary microcephaly, growth deficiency, cancer predisposition, and immunodeficiency. Here, we report the clinical and molecular findings of eight patients from six families diagnosed with BS. We identified causative pathogenic variants in all families including three different variants in BLM and one variant in RMI1. The homozygous c.581_582delTT;p.Phe194* and c.3164G>C;p.Cys1055Ser variants in BLM have already been reported in BS patients, while the c.572_573delGA;p.Arg191Lysfs*4 variant is novel. Additionally, we present the detailed clinical characteristics of two cases with BS in which we previously identified the biallelic loss‐of‐function variant c.1255_1259delAAGAA;p.Lys419Leufs*5 in RMI1. All BS patients had primary microcephaly, intrauterine growth delay, and short stature, presenting the phenotypic hallmarks of BS. However, skin lesions and upper airway infections were observed only in some of the patients. Overall, patients with pathogenic BLM variants had a more severe BS phenotype compared to patients carrying the pathogenic variants in RMI1, especially in terms of immunodeficiency, which should be considered as one of the most important phenotypic characteristics of BS.
Disease‐modifying therapies and T1 hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Sadeghi Maryam , Saghab Torbati Mehrnush , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Azimi Amir Reza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown that cerebral T1 hypointense lesions are positively correlated with the disability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Hence, they could be used as an objective marker for evaluating the progression of the disease. Up to this date, there has not been a systematic evaluation of the effects of disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on this prognostic marker.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved DMTs on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with MS.MethodsWe included studies with the mentioned desired outcomes. In March 2021, we searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and CENTRAL to find relevant studies. All included studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the RoB‐2 tool. Extracted data were analyzed using a random‐effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsThirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Meta‐analysis revealed the mean difference between the intervention and comparator groups for the number of lesions was −1.3 (95% CI: −2.1, −0.5) and for the mean volume of lesions was −363.1 (95% CI: −611.6, −114.6). Certainty of evidence was judged to be moderate. Heterogeneity was considerable.DiscussionDMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.
Family‐based treatment of children with severe obesity in a public healthcare setting: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Skjåkødegård Hanna F. , Conlon Rachel P. K. , Hystad Sigurd W. , Roelants Mathieu , Olsson Sven J. G. , Frisk Bente , Wilfley Denise E. , Danielsen Yngvild S. , Juliusson Petur B. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryTo compare the effectiveness of family‐based behavioural social facilitation treatment (FBSFT) versus treatment as usual (TAU) in children with severe obesity. Parallel‐design, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial conducted at a Norwegian obesity outpatient clinic. Children aged 6–18 years referred to the clinic between 2014 and 2018 were invited to participate. Participants were randomly allocated using sequentially numbered, opaqued, sealed envelopes. FBSFT (n = 59) entailed 17 sessions of structured cognitive behavioural treatment, TAU (n = 55) entailed standard lifestyle counselling sessions every third month for 1 year. Primary outcomes included changes in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) and percentage above the International Obesity Task Force cut‐off for overweight (%IOTF‐25). Secondary outcomes included changes in sleep, physical activity, and eating behaviour. From pre‐ to posttreatment there was a statistically significant difference in change in both BMI SDS (0.19 units, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10–0.28, p < .001) and %IOTF‐25 (5.48%, 95%CI: 2.74–8.22, p < .001) between FBSFT and TAU groups. FBSFT participants achieved significant reductions in mean BMI SDS (0.16 units, (95%CI: −0.22 to −0.10, p < .001) and %IOTF‐25 (6.53%, 95% CI: −8.45 to −4.60, p < .001), whereas in TAU nonsignificant changes were observed in BMI SDS (0.03 units, 95% CI: −0.03 to 0.09, p = .30) and %IOTF‐25 (−1.04%, 95% CI: −2.99 to −0.90, p = .29). More FBSFT participants (31.5%) had clinically meaningful BMI SDS reductions of ≥0.25 from pre‐ to posttreatment than in TAU (13.0%, p = .021). Regarding secondary outcomes, only changes in sleep timing differed significantly between groups. FBSFT improved weight‐related outcomes compared to TAU.
The prognostic value of extramural venous invasion in preoperative MRI of rectal cancer patients
Authors: Lehtonen Taru M. , Koskenvuo Laura E. , Seppälä Toni T. , Lepistö Anna H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the prognostic value of extramural venous invasion observed in preoperative MRI on survival and recurrences.MethodIn total, 778 rectal cancer patients were evaluated in multidisciplinary meetings in Helsinki University Hospital during the years 2016–2018. 635 patients met the inclusion criteria of stage I–III disease and were intended for curative treatment at the time of diagnosis. 128 had extramural venous invasion in preoperative MRI.ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 2.5 years. In a univariate analysis extramural venous invasion was associated with poorer disease‐specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.174, 95% CI 1.118–4.224, P = 0.022), whereas circumferential margin ≤1 mm, tumour stage ≥T3c or nodal positivity were not. Disease recurrence occurred in 17.3% of the patients: 13.4% had metastatic recurrence only, 1.7% mere local recurrence and 2.2% both metastatic and local recurrence. In multivariate analysis, extramural venous invasion (HR 1.734, 95% CI 1.127–2.667, P = 0.012) and nodal positivity (HR 1.627, 95% CI 1.071–2.472, P = 0.023) were risk factors for poorer disease‐free survival (DFS). Circumferential margin ≤1 mm was a risk factor for local recurrence in multivariate analysis (HR 5.675, 95% CI 1.274–25.286, P = 0.023).ConclusionIn MRI, circumferential margin ≤1 mm is a risk factor for local recurrence, but the risk is quite well controlled with chemoradiotherapy and extended surgery. Extramural venous invasion instead is a significant risk factor for poorer DFS and new tools to reduce the systemic recurrence risk are needed.
Outcomes of kidney donors with sickle cell trait: A preliminary analysis
Authors: Hebert Sean A. , Gandhi Nisarg V. , Al‐Amin Sanad , Edwards Angelina R. , Murad Dina N. , Nguyen Duc T. , Graviss Edward A. , Ibrahim Hassan N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost transplant centers do not screen kidney donor candidates for sickle cell trait (SCT) and many decline candidates with SCT since it may associate with kidney disease. We compared 17 kidney donors with SCT to propensity score matched donor controls on mortality, reduced eGFR, proteinuria and kidney failure. The prevalence of SCT in African American (AA) donors was 11 per 1000 compared to 73 per 1000 in non‐donor AA. Donors with SCT were younger; 33 versus 35 years in controls, nine were AA, six were White, and two were listed as other or unknown ethnicities. After a follow‐up period of 18.2 ± 10.5 years, the proportions of donors with SCT and controls who were alive, developed hypertension or cardiovascular disease were similar. No donor with SCT developed an eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or kidney failure. SCT was, however, associated with increased risk of proteinuria; RR 5.71 (95% CI 5.7 – 22.7), P = .01. This small and preliminary case series suggest that donors with SCT should perhaps be considered more often provided they were aware of the lack of evidence to support liberal acceptance and that these outcomes reported here likely represent a healthy cohort of donors with SCT.
Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of trazpiroben (TAK‐906) in the presence and absence of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole
Authors: Kaur Mukker Jatinder , Dukes George , Wang Lisi , Huh Susanna , Khudyakov Polyna , Nishihara Mitsuhiro , Chen Chunlin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrazpiroben, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist under development to treat gastroparesis, displays decreasing solubility with increasing pH. This single‐sequence, open‐label, two‐period, crossover study evaluated the effect of esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor that raises gastric pH, on the single‐dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of trazpiroben in healthy adults (NCT03849690). In total, 12 participants were enrolled and entered period 1 (days 1–3), receiving a single oral dose of trazpiroben 25 mg on day 1. After a 4‐day washout, participants then entered period 2 (days 8–13) and received esomeprazole 40 mg once daily on days 8–12, with a single oral dose of trazpiroben 25 mg co‐administered 1 h post esomeprazole dosing on day 11. Geometric mean area under the curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC∞) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values were generally similar when trazpiroben was administered alone versus alongside esomeprazole (AUC∞, 44.03 vs. 38.85 ng h/ml; Cmax, 19.76 vs. 17.24 ng/ml). Additionally, the associated geometric mean ratio (GMR; co‐administration: administration alone) 90% confidence intervals (CIs) suggested no clinically meaningful difference between treatment groups (AUC∞, GMR 0.88, 90% CI 0.78–1.00; Cmax, 0.87, 90% CI 0.70–1.09). Mean apparent first‐order terminal elimination half‐life values were similar between treatments, illustrating co‐administration with esomeprazole had minimal effect on trazpiroben elimination. Trazpiroben was well‐tolerated in healthy adults following administration alone and alongside esomeprazole, with no clinically relevant adverse events reported. The lack of evidence of any clinically meaningful drug–drug interaction supports the co‐administration of esomeprazole with trazpiroben.
Oral vitamin D versus acitretin in congenital non‐syndromic ichthyosis: double blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bakshi Shirin , Mahajan Rahul , Karim Adil , De Dipankar , Handa Sanjeev , Saikia Biman 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundVitamin D has emerged as a promising treatment for congenital ichthyosis for which no comparative studies exist.MethodologyIn this randomized, double‐blinded study, patients with congenital ichthyosis received either Vitamin D 2000 IU/day (group A) or acitretin 0.5 mg/kg/day (group B) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was improvement in the Visual Index for Ichthyosis Severity (VIIS) and Ichthyosis Area Severity Index (IASI). Secondary outcomes included Ichthyosis Quality of Life Index‐32 (IQoL‐32), mRNA expression of RORγt and IL‐17 and adverse events.ResultsTwenty‐four patients completed the study. Group A (n = 11) showed a significant decrease in VIIS (p = 0.023) and IASI (p = 0.026) at 12 but not 24 weeks. Group B (n = 13) showed a significant decrease in IASI at 24 weeks only (p = 0.016). The IQoL‐32 improved over 24 weeks in both groups. A significant decrease in the mRNA expression of RORγt (p = 0.048) and IL‐17 (p = 0.023) was seen only in group A. There was no significant difference between the two treatment arms in terms of VIIS, IASI and IQol‐32 at 12 and 24 weeks. No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionVitamin D maybe an alternative to acitretin in the treatment of congenital ichthyosis where it reduces the expression of RORγt and IL‐17.
Accounting for analytical and proximal soil sensing errors in digital soil mapping
Authors: Takoutsing Bertin , Heuvelink Gerard B. M. , Stoorvogel Jetse J. , Shepherd Keith D. , Aynekulu Ermias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDigital soil mapping (DSM) approaches provide soil information by utilising the relationship between soil properties and environmental variables. Calibration of DSM models requires measurements that may often have substantial measurement errors which propagate to the DSM outputs and need to be accounted for. This study applied a geostatistical‐based DSM approach that incorporates measurement error variances in the covariance structure of the spatial model, weights measurements in accordance with their measurement accuracies and assesses the effects of measurement errors on the accuracies of DSM outputs. The method was applied in the Western Cameroon, where soil samples from 480 locations were collected and analysed for pH, clay and soil organic carbon (SOC) using conventional and mid‐infrared spectroscopy methods. Variogram parameters and regression coefficients were estimated using residual maximum likelihood under two scenarios: with and without taking measurement errors into account. Performance of the spatial models in the two scenarios was compared using validation metrics obtained with three types of cross‐validation. Acknowledging measurement errors impacted the regression coefficients and influenced the variogram parameters by reducing the nugget and sill variance for the three soil properties. Validation metrics including mean error, root mean square error and model efficiency coefficient were quite similar in both scenarios, but the prediction uncertainties were more realistically quantified by the models that account for measurement errors, as indicated by accuracy plots. There were relatively small absolute differences in predicted values of soil properties of up to 0.1 for pH, 1.6% for clay and 2 g/kg for SOC between the two scenarios. We emphasised the need of incorporating measurement errors in DSM approaches to improve uncertainty quantification, particularly when applying spectroscopy for estimating soil properties. Further development of the approach is the extension to non‐linear machine learning regression methods.Highlights
Errors in soil measurements are usually not accounted for and may affect DSM results.
Measurement error variances were incorporated in the geostatistical models of three soil properties.
Quantifying measurement errors in DSM allows to weigh measurements in accordance with their accuracy.
Accounting for measurement errors in DSM better assesses prediction accuracy.
Your Own Personal Illness: Interpretation through the Spiritual Malady in Alcoholics Anonymous
Authors: Parsons Alastair 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSome Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members conceive of the fundamental problem they share as a “spiritual malady.” Based on fieldwork among three AA groups in Nova Scotia, Canada, this article advances an ethnographic description of the concept. Through a close examination of how the spiritual malady was interpreted by my interlocutors, I propose that the concept creates a cultural framework for the articulation of subjectivities and the interpretation of psychologies. I argue that it exists through a reciprocity of private and public meanings that are more the product of interactions between AA members than the learning and repetition of a formal ideology. This analysis becomes a means of exploring the agency of AA members as producers of meaningful representations of the challenges they feel they hold in common.
Trophic transfer of lipids and fatty acids across habitats in tropical river food webs
Authors: O’Mara Kaitlyn , Venarsky Michael , Stewart‐Koster Ben , McGregor Glenn , Schulz Cameron , Marshall Jonathan , Bunn Stuart E. , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential components of cell membranes and reproductive and sensory organs in vertebrates and are largely acquired through their diets. Accordingly, identification of the dietary sources of PUFA is an important consideration in food web studies.

We collected fish, macroinvertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial), and plants (aquatic and terrestrial) from floodplain and river channel habitats in a tropical river catchment in northern Australia, to identify food sources and habitats that provided lipid and PUFA rich food that sustain fish populations.

The composition of most FA in fish was similar to that reported from other freshwater tropical environments, with the exception of their higher arachidonic acid content. Fish were found to derive their fatty acids primarily from aquatic sources of food and had similar FA composition to aquatic macroinvertebrates. Aquatic macroinvertebrates fed on aquatic plants (algae) and had higher total lipids and FA contents than plants and fish, providing a more concentrated source of PUFA for fish. Fish obtained most of their FA from their diet except for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which they must synthesize due to low DHA in algae and macroinvertebrates.

There was no overall difference in basal dietary FA composition between floodplain and river channel habitats. However, macroinvertebrate taxa varied in their lipid and PUFA content.

Food quality for fish may therefore vary between habitats as a consequence of differences in macroinvertebrate community composition. Given the high algal production on floodplains compared to the river channels, these habitats are likely to represent the major source of high quality food for fish and other aquatic consumers, and conserving habitats that are rich in lipids and PUFA is important for maintaining healthy fish communities.