bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children with obesity
Authors: Apperley Louise , Kumar Ram , Senniappan Senthil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimObesity is an under‐recognised risk factor for raised intracranial pressure in the paediatric population. The pathophysiology remains unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and weight in children.MethodsPatients diagnosed with IIH at a tertiary children's hospital were retrospectively identified between April 2017 and April 2019. Information regarding the patients' body mass index, presentation, investigation and treatment was collected and analysed.ResultsIn total, 18 patients (M:F 7:11) were identified with a mean age of 11 years (±3.3SD; range: 6–15 years). The mean BMI was 30.3 kg/m2 and mean BMI SDS was +2.5. Twelve (66.6%) patients presented with both headaches and eye signs. Three patients were asymptomatic, with papilloedema noted on routine optician review. Of the 18 patients, 15 were treated medically, two had long‐term neurosurgical interventions and one patient was managed conservatively.ConclusionThe results show that the majority of children with obesity who develop IIH were female. Awareness regarding IIH secondary to obesity needs to be highlighted to ensure detailed clinical evaluation takes place so that raised intracranial pressure can be diagnosed and managed earlier, to avoid more serious complications such as permanent visual loss.
Incidence of allopurinol‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction in Malaysia
Authors: Ng Wei Leik , Lim Kheng Seang , Hariraj Vidhya , Lee Sing Chet , Wo Wee Kee , Ramli Azuana , Lai Pauline Siew Mei , Fong Si Lei , Lim Jing Ran 
Published: March 2022

AimsAllopurinol is known to cause severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCAR) in Malaysia. However, the incidence of allopurinol‐induced SCAR is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of allopurinol‐induced SCAR in Malaysia over 5 years from 2015 to 2019.MethodsThis retrospective analysis was done in collaboration with the National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency (NPRA). All allopurinol‐induced adverse drug reaction cases reported to NPRA from 2015 to 2019 were extracted. Allopurinol‐induced SCAR cases were identified and the incidence over the 5 years was calculated.ResultsIncidence of allopurinol‐induced SCAR averaged at 2.5 cases per 1000 new users over the 5‐year period, with a reducing trend from 3.2 per 1000 new users in 2015 to 2.25 per 1000 in 2019; despite the increasing number of adverse drug reaction cases being reported over the years. Stevens–Johnson syndrome was the commonest form of allopurinol‐induced SCAR reported, at 143 cases (46.8% of total SCAR reported). Among Malaysia's 3 main ethnicities, the Chinese had the highest percentages of allopurinol‐induced SCAR when compared to the Bumiputera and Indians (3.18 × 10−4%).ConclusionThe estimated incidence of allopurinol‐induced SCAR in Malaysia from 2015 to 2019 was 2.5 cases per 1000 new users. This figure is consistent with the incidence reported in other Asian countries, namely Taiwan and Thailand.
Considerations for addressing anti‐vaccination campaigns: How did we get here and what can we do about it?
Authors: Barrett Jeffrey S. , Yang Scarlett Y. , Muralidharan Kavitha , Javes Victoria , Oladuja Kemi , Castelli María Sofía , Clayton Nicole , Liu Jiaqi , Ramos Andre 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA course on vaccine development asked students to write a blog addressing general anti‐vaccination strategies and their significance today, in the context of the resistance seen against novel SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines. This perspective explores how and why these efforts are successful at reducing vaccine uptake and why, for the most part, efforts to combat the movement have been unsuccessful. This summary of the collective view of the class provides recommendations for combatting current and future campaigns of misinformation. It is hoped that this perspective will serve as a call to action for clinical pharmacologists and translational scientists to do their part to educate the lay community and promote the science in an open and transparent manner to ensure that current and future vaccines fulfill their potential.
microRNA expression levels in the nucleus accumbens correlate with morphine‐taking but not morphine‐seeking behaviour in male rats
Authors: Gillespie Aria , Mayberry Hannah L. , Wimmer Mathieu E. , Daws Stephanie E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA powerful motivation to seek opioids remains after drug cessation and intensifies during extended periods of abstinence. Unfortunately, biomarkers associated with continued drug seeking have not been described. Moreover, previous studies have focused on the effects of early abstinence with little exploration into the long‐term drug‐induced mechanisms that occur after extended abstinence. Here we demonstrated that 30 days (D) of forced abstinence results in a time‐dependent increase in morphine seeking in a rat model of morphine self‐administration (SA). We measured expression of known drug‐responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) in the nucleus accumbens, an area critical for reward‐related plasticity, during early or late abstinence in animals that underwent either a cue‐induced relapse test or no relapse test. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that represent suitable biomarker candidates due to their long‐lasting nature. mir‐32‐5p levels during early abstinence negatively correlated with active lever pressing in both cue‐exposed and cue‐naïve animals. mir‐1298‐5p positively correlated with drug SA history after a relapse test during late abstinence. When animals underwent acute abstinence with no relapse test, mir‐1298‐5p correlated with drug infusions and active lever pressing during SA. In late abstinence with no relapse test, mir‐137‐3p negatively correlated with drug infusions. Regulation of mir‐32‐5p target genes and significant correlation of target gene mRNA with mir‐32‐5p was observed after abstinence. These results indicate that lasting regulation of miRNA expression is associated with drug intake following morphine SA. In addition, we conclude that the miRNA profile undergoes regulation from early to late abstinence and miRNA expression may indicate past drug history.
Toward the “overthrow of Platonism”: Processist critical social ontology and ameliorative discourse
Authors: Giladi Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, I argue that, for the purpose of developing an effective critical social ontology about gender groups, it is not simply sufficient to carve gender groups at their joints: one must have in view whether the metaphysical categories we use to make sense of gender groups are prone to ideological distortion and vitiation. The norms underpinning a gender group's constitution as a type of social class and the norms involved in gender identity attributions, I propose, provide compelling reason to think critical social ontological discourse is more processist‐orientated, rather than substantival‐orientated. The advantages of a processist critical social ontology of gender groups are that, unlike substance‐discourse, process‐discourse recognizes how gender group talk and gender identity talk are often messy and therefore require a conceptual scheme that can transform vocabulary for the emancipatory purpose of ending oppression, domination, and marginalization.
The role of nutritional impairment in carbon‐water balance of silver fir drought‐induced dieback
Authors: González de Andrés Ester , Gazol Antonio , Querejeta José Ignacio , Igual José M. , Colangelo Michele , Sánchez‐Salguero Raúl , Linares Juan Carlos , Camarero J. Julio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRear‐edge populations at the xeric distribution limit of tree species are particularly vulnerable to forest dieback triggered by drought. This is the case of silver fir (Abies alba) forests located in Southwestern Europe. While silver fir drought‐induced dieback patterns have been previously explored, information on the role played by nutritional impairment is lacking despite its potential interactions with tree carbon‐water balances. We performed a comparative analysis of radial growth, intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE), oxygen isotopes (δ18O) and nutrient concentrations in leaves of declining (DD) and non‐declining (ND) trees in silver fir in four forests in the Spanish Pyrenees. We also evaluated the relationships among dieback predisposition, intraspecific trait variation (wood density and leaf traits) and rhizosphere soil physical–chemical properties. The onset of growth decline in DD trees occurred more than two decades ago, and they subsequently showed low growth resilience against droughts. The DD trees presented consistently lower foliar concentrations of nutrients such as P, K, Cu and Ni than ND trees. The strong effects of foliar nutrient status on growth resilience indices support the key role played by mineral nutrition in tree functioning and growth before, during and after drought. In contrast, variability in wood density and leaf morphological traits, as well as soil properties, showed weak relationships with tree nutritional status and drought performance. At the low elevation, warmer sites, DD trees showed stronger climate–growth relationships and lower δ18O than ND trees. The uncoupling between iWUE and δ18O, together with the positive correlations between P and K leaf concentrations and δ18O, point to deeper soil/bedrock water sources and vertical decoupling between nutrient and water uptake in DD trees. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms driving silver fir dieback and highlights the need to incorporate tree nutrition into forest dieback studies.
Global trends in grassland carrying capacity and relative stocking density of livestock
Authors: Piipponen Johannes , Jalava Mika , de Leeuw Jan , Rizayeva Afag , Godde Cecile , Cramer Gabriel , Herrero Mario , Kummu Matti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough the role of livestock in future food systems is debated, animal proteins are unlikely to completely disappear from our diet. Grasslands are a key source of primary productivity for livestock, and feed‐food competition is often limited on such land. Previous research on the potential for sustainable grazing has focused on restricted geographical areas or does not consider inter‐annual changes in grazing opportunities. Here, we developed a robust method to estimate trends and interannual variability (IV) in global livestock carrying capacity (number of grazing animals a piece of land can support) over 2001–2015, as well as relative stocking density (the reported livestock distribution relative to the estimated carrying capacity [CC]) in 2010. We first estimated the aboveground biomass that is available for grazers on global grasslands based on the MODIS Net Primary Production product. This was then used to calculate livestock carrying capacities using slopes, forest cover, and animal forage requirements as restrictions. We found that globally, CC decreased on 27% of total grasslands area, mostly in Europe and southeastern Brazil, while it increased on 15% of grasslands, particularly in Sudano‐Sahel and some parts of South America. In 2010, livestock forage requirements exceeded forage availability in northwestern Europe, and southern and eastern Asia. Although our findings imply some opportunities to increase grazing pressures in cold regions, Central Africa, and Australia, the high IV or low biomass supply might prevent considerable increases in stocking densities. The approach and derived open access data sets can feed into global food system modelling, support conservation efforts to reduce land degradation associated with overgrazing, and help identify undergrazed areas for targeted sustainable intensification efforts or rewilding purposes.
Centre‐based comparison of double versus single prevention strategy on transfusion‐transmitted cytomegalovirus in at‐risk haemopoietic stem cell transplant patients and a state survey on cytomegalovirus‐seronegative ordering practises
Authors: Zantomio Daniela , Bayly Emma , Wong Kimberly , Spencer Andrew , Ritchie David , Morgan Susan , Kelsey Giles , Dennington Peta M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundUniversal leucocyte depletion reduces the risk of transfusion‐transmitted cytomegalovirus; however, many clinicians still prescribe cytomegalovirus seronegative units.AimOur retrospective study aims to confirm the low risk of transfusion‐transmitted cytomegalovirus with leucocyte depletion alone and demonstrate the ongoing variability in cytomegalovirus seronegative transfusion prescribing.MethodsOver a 9‐year period (July 2009–July 2018), occurrences of transfusion transmitted cytomegalovirus in cytomegalovirus seronegative donor/recipient haemopoietic stem cell transplant pairs were compared at one allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant centre providing cytomegalovirus seronegative blood products and leucocyte depletion (double prevention) versus another providing leucocyte depletion only (single prevention). Retrospective chart audit identified patient demographics, blood product exposure and cytomegalovirus infection by polymerase chain reaction. A separate audit examined cytomegalovirus seronegative blood product ordering in a broader range of hospital types.ResultsWe identified 122 and 66 cytomegalovirus‐negative donor/recipient haemopoietic stem cell transplant pairs using double and single transfusion prevention strategy respectively. Transfusion exposure to red cells and pooled platelets was similar, although more apheresis platelets were used in the double prevention group. The cytomegalovirus infection rate was 3 (2.4%) and zero in the double and single prevention groups respectively. Cytomegalovirus seronegative unit ordering was not limited to hospitals with obstetric or neonatal populations, suggesting ongoing reliance of cytomegalovirus seronegative units outside this population.ConclusionsThe analysis suggests a double prevention strategy does not provide additional protection against transfusion‐transmitted cytomegalovirus. There is ongoing variability in the acceptance of leucocyte depletion alone despite the low risk of cytomegalovirus infection.
An integrative review of community nurse‐led interventions to identify and respond to domestic abuse in the postnatal period
Authors: Boyle Marie , Murphy‐Tighe Sylvia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo critically review community nurse‐led domestic abuse interventions aimed at identifying and responding to domestic abuse in the postnatal period.BackgroundDomestic abuse is a global problem resulting in dire consequences for women and children. Public Health Nurses (PHNs) are ideally placed to give women the opportunity to disclose in a safe and confidential manner; however, community settings present complex challenges.DesignAn integrative review and narrative summary.Data SourcesFive electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Scopus, and peer‐reviewed journals were searched for research papers published between 01 January 2005 and 01 March 2019. Fifteen papers met the inclusion criteria.Review MethodsAn integrative review where qualitative and quantitative data were extracted. Following quality appraisal, data were collated, analysed and themes were identified.ResultsQuantitative outcomes from short‐term interventions include an increase in routine enquiry, documentation of alone status and safety planning, however, referrals remained low. There was a reduction in victimization seen in intensive home visiting interventions. One study reported potential harm to mothers experiencing domestic abuse prior to the intervention. Thematic analysis generated three themes: (1) benefits to women and nurses, (2) approaches to domestic abuse identification and response and (3) implementation of community nurse‐led interventions.ConclusionCommunity nurse‐led domestic abuse interventions have shown to have positive outcomes for women, provided the appropriate supports are in place such as: interagency training; guidelines, referral pathways and safety protocols; collaborative working with domestic abuse services and organizational support.ImpactProfessionals such as PHNs are challenged to respond appropriately and compassionately to domestic abuse disclosures, while ensuring the safety of women and children is central to service delivery. This integrative review will inform further development, implementation and the sustainability of community nurse‐led domestic abuse initiatives worldwide.
Environment and space drive the community assembly of Atlantic European grasslands: Insights from multiple facets
Authors: Mugnai Michele , Trindade Diego P. F. , Thierry Mélanie , Kaushik Krishan , Hrček Jan , Götzenberger Lars 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimEcological communities are assembled by regional and local processes. These processes select species through their traits, which are tied to species' evolutionary history. A multifaceted approach, encompassing taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity can thus help us to better understand community assembly. We asked what the relative importance of geography, climate and soil parameters is in driving taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities at local (alpha) and larger scales (beta diversity).LocationAtlantic Europe.TaxonPlant communities of Violion caninae grasslands.MethodsAlpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities were calculated for 153 sites. Traits were obtained from the LEDA database and phylogeny from Daphne. We summarized climatic (CHELSA database) and soil variables using principal component analysis (PCA), and geographical distance using Moran's Eigenvector Maps (MEMs). To assess the importance of environment and space on all three facets, we performed redundancy and distance‐based redundancy analyses for alpha and beta diversity, respectively, using the PCA and MEM axes as predictors.ResultsCompared to alpha diversity, beta diversity was relatively high in taxonomic diversity, but very low in functional and phylogenetic diversity. Geography and climate were relatively more important at larger scales, whereas soil conditions acted more strongly at the local scales, with alpha diversity of all facets decreasing towards richer and acidic soils.Main ConclusionsConsidering multiple biodiversity facets along environmental and spatial gradients enables advancing both theoretical and applied aspects of community assembly. Accordingly, the observed turnover across the study area was mediated by species that share similar suites of traits and evolutionary history. Towards richer and acidic soils, exclusion of weaker competitors was an important filter at local scales. In summary, assessing multiple biodiversity facets and broad scale environmental gradients is key to understand the relative importance of multi‐scale processes driving the community assembly of European grasslands.
Myometrial‐derived CXCL12 promotes lipopolysaccharide induced preterm labour by regulating macrophage migration, polarization and function in mice
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Mamillapalli Ramanaiah , Habata Shutaro , McAdow Molly , Taylor Hugh S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPreterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Infection results in elevation of inflammation‐related cytokines followed by infiltration of immune cells into gestational tissue. CXCL12 levels are elevated in preterm birth indicating it may have a role in preterm labour (PTL); however, the pathophysiological correlations between CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling and premature labour are poorly understood. In this study, PTL was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a murine model. LPS induced CXCL12 RNA and protein levels significantly and specifically in myometrium compared with controls (3‐fold and 3.5‐fold respectively). Highest levels were found just before the start of labour. LPS also enhanced the infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and T cells, and induced macrophage M1 polarization. In vitro studies showed that condition medium from LPS‐treated primary smooth muscle cells (SMC) induced macrophage migration, M1 polarization and upregulated inflammation‐related cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). AMD3100 treatment in pregnant mice led to a significant decrease in the rate of PTL (70%), prolonged pregnancy duration and suppressed macrophage infiltration into gestation tissue by 2.5‐fold. Further, in‐vitro treatment of SMC by AMD3100 suppressed the macrophage migration, decreased polarization and downregulated IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α expression. LPS treatment in pregnant mice induced PTL by increasing myometrial CXCL12, which recruits immune cells that in turn produce inflammation‐related cytokines. These effects stimulated by LPS were completely reversed by AMD3100 through blocking of CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling. Thus, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis presents an excellent target for preventing infection and inflammation‐related PTL.
Maternal mental health mediates the effects of pandemic‐related stressors on adolescent psychopathology during COVID‐19
Authors: Lengua Liliana J. , Thompson Stephanie F. , Kim Stephanie Gyuri , Rosen Maya L. , Rodman Alexandra , Kasparek Steven , Mayes Makeda , Zalewski Maureen , Meltzoff Andrew , McLaughlin Kate A. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study examined whether COVID‐19‐related maternal mental health changes contributed to changes in adolescent psychopathology.MethodsA community sample of 226 adolescents (12 years old before COVID‐19) and their mothers were asked to complete COVID‐19 surveys early in the pandemic (April–May 2020, adolescents 14 years) and approximately 6 months later (November 2020–January 2021). Surveys assessed pandemic‐related stressors (health, financial, social, school, environment) and mental health.ResultsLower pre‐pandemic family income‐to‐needs ratio was associated with higher pre‐pandemic maternal mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression) and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, and with experiencing more pandemic‐related stressors. Pandemic‐related stressors predicted increases in maternal mental health symptoms, but not adolescent symptoms when other variables were covaried. Higher maternal mental health symptoms predicted concurrent increases in adolescent internalizing and externalizing. Maternal mental health mediated the effects of pre‐pandemic income and pandemic‐related stressors on adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems.ConclusionsResults indicate that adolescent mental health is closely tied to maternal mental health during community‐level stressors such as COVID‐19, and that pre‐existing family economic context and adolescent symptoms increase risk for elevations in symptoms of psychopathology.