bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality characteristics of reduced‐calorie spaghetti based on unprocessed and hydrothermal wheat brans in presence of xanthan gum
Authors: Niazmand Razieh , Naji Tabasi Sara , Modiri‐Dovom Atena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn order to produce spaghetti with reduced calories, the possibility of replacing wheat bran (WB) and processed wheat bran (PWB), as well as xanthan gum at levels of 1 and 2% with flour, was investigated, and its technological, structural, texture, sensory and nutritional characteristics were evaluated. By replacing the bran, the ash content in spaghetti increased (at least 6.9 times). The results showed that the replacement of bran was associated with a significant reduction in the spaghetti water uptake so that the least water uptake was observed in samples containing wheat bran and without xanthan (less than 70.3 units). Cooking loss in spaghetti contains PWB increased sharply (almost 3 times), while adding xanthan did not improve it. Replacing bran significantly reduced the optimal cooking time of spaghetti compared to the control. The firmness of spaghetti strings increased with replacing bran while the presence of xanthan reduced it. The lightness of cooked and raw spaghetti was strongly influenced by the bran content and tended to darken. Sensory evaluation results showed less overall acceptance of bran‐containing samples due to reduced color, flavor, elasticity, firmness, bulkiness, gumminess, stickiness, and integrity scores, while increasing xanthan in most samples caused to improving these properties, leading to increase overall acceptance. Results of nutritional characteristics showed a lower glycemic index and calorie (more than 25%) of bran‐containing samples.Novelty impact statementSpaghetti as a popular cereal food has high calories. A combination of soluble (xanthan gum) and insoluble (processed and unprocessed wheat bran) fibers reduced the glycaemic index and calorie (more than 25%) in spaghetti samples and create spaghetti with acceptable cooking and microstructural properties. Processing of wheat bran led to a decline in technological characteristics in spaghetti samples.
Are the home values and property tax burdens of permanent homeowners affected by growth in housing rentals and second homes: Evidence based on big data from Florida
Authors: Ihlanfeldt Keith , Yang Cynthia Fan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHomeowners who make their homes their primary residence have resisted the entry of rentals into their neighborhoods and cities. Possible reasons underlying this resistance are that rentals reduce the property values, increase the property tax burdens, and raise the price of public services for these homeowners. We relate the market values of single‐family homes occupied by permanent homeowners, the effective property tax rate of these homeowners, and the tax price they pay for public services to shifts in their city's housing units toward a variety of different types of rentals and second homes. Our analysis is based on large panels of Florida homes containing hundreds of thousands and millions of observations. Our results show that increases in the share of a city's housing units used as rentals or second homes reduce the home values, increase the property tax burdens, and raise the public services prices of homeowners who permanently reside in single‐family homes. Impacts vary in magnitude among single‐family, condominium, and mobile homes used as rentals and second homes. Estimated impacts are the strongest for share increases in single‐family rentals and second homes.
The effects of hormonal contraceptive use on sleep in women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bezerra Andréia Gomes , Andersen Monica Levy , Pires Gabriel Natan , Tufik Sergio , Hachul Helena 
Published: November 2022

SummaryHormonal contraceptives are some of the most widely used medications worldwide, but studies on their effects on sleep are contradictory, with some reporting a sleep‐promoting effect, while others a sleep‐inhibiting effect. Our objective was, therefore, to undertake a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature on this subject to try to clarify their effects. A search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). Only studies evaluating hormonal contraception use were considered eligible, and both objective and subjective sleep‐related outcomes were considered. Individual effect size was calculated for each article, and meta‐analyses were performed using a DerSimonian and Laird random effects method. The initial search identified 2076 articles, of which 13 met the criteria for the study after full text evaluation. A total of 33 meta‐analyses were performed, three of them related to subjective measures and 30 considering data from polysomnography. The only statistically significant result between contraceptive users and non‐contraceptive users was observed in respect of wake after sleep onset, which was 7 min shorter among contraceptive users (−7.12 [−12.80; −1.44]; I2 = 65%; p = 0.01). In conclusion, hormonal contraceptives are not associated with clinically relevant changes in sleep patterns in women.
Baseline and on‐treatment HBcrAg levels as predictors of HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with antivirals
Authors: Hwang Soo Young , Yoo Sung Hwan , Chang Hye Young , Kim Sora , Lee Jung Il , Lee Kwan Sik , Cho Young Youn , Joon Kim Hyung , Lee Hyun Woong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHBeAg seroconversion is an important treatment endpoint. We aimed to identify predictors of seroconversion using serum HBsAg and hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) in HBeAg‐positive patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs). Data and samples from 70 HBeAg‐positive patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir between January 2007 and December 2017 were retrospectively analysed. The mean follow‐up period was 11 years. The predictive power for HBeAg seroconversion of HBcrAg levels at baseline and 2 years after antiviral therapy was determined using receiver operating curve analysis. Twenty‐one patients (30%) achieved HBeAg seroconversion at a mean of 28 (range, 12–84) months after antiviral treatment. The median baseline HBcrAg and HBsAg levels were 6.9(5.7–7.0) vs. 5.8(5.5–6.5) log10U/mL (p = .006), 4.9(4.5–5.1) vs. 4.5(4.1–5.0) log10IU/mL (p = .044) in the no seroconversion group and seroconversion group, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the serum HBcrAg levels at baseline and 2 years after antiviral therapy were predictive factors for HBeAg seroconversion ([HR]; 0.326; [CI], 0.111–0.958; p = .042 and HR, 0.4555; CI, 0.211–0.984; p = .045). HBcrAg levels≤6.5log10U/mL at baseline and ≤5.3log10U/mL at 2 years after antiviral therapy had sensitivities of 53.1% and 69.8%, specificities of 95.2% and 70.6%, positive predictive values of 82.6% and 50.0%, and negative predictive values of 82.6% and 84.5%, respectively, with AUROCs of 0.712 (95%CI, 0.596–0.830) and 0.745 (95%CI, 0.599–0.891) for predicting HBeAg seroconversion. In chronic hepatitis B patients treated with NAs, HBcrAg levels≤6.5log10U/mL at baseline and ≤5.3log10U/mL at 2 years after antiviral therapy were useful predictive factors of HBeAg seroconversion.
Macrophysiology for decision‐making
Authors: Chown S. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn an 1854 lecture, TH Huxley suggested that physiology should be measured by its contribution to science, its practical worth and the extent to which it should be made a branch of education. Since macrophysiology, or the investigation of variation in physiological traits over large geographical and temporal scales and the ecological implications of this variation, is well‐established and approaching its third decade, these questions are posed for it here. The field is, of course, much older, but, over the last two decades, has contributed substantially to fundamental eco‐evolutionary research and to understanding the conservation consequences of physiological variation at regional and global scales. Its greatest successes have been in understanding variation in thermal and metabolic responses of animals and plants to variable environments and the significance thereof in the context of the climate crisis. By contrast, much less progress has been made in understanding the regulation of water in the context of currently changing environments and projections of further impacts associated with ongoing global change. The development of new datasets of physiological traits across broad spatial scales has been a slower enterprise than the further compilation of trait databases from extant data. Surprising insights have emerged from genomics‐based microbial macrophysiology, an approach which has much potential to span all of life's variety. The findings of macrophysiological investigations have been taken up within policy reports and/or implementation actions, such as those of the IPCC and the Antarctic Treaty System, that have resulted in benefits to society and to the environment. Yet, as is the case with other areas of research, much remains to be done to develop further strategies to counteract the anti‐science attitudes that are now so prevalent globally.
More effective transposon regulation in fertile, long‐lived termite queens than in sterile workers
Authors: Post Frederik , Bornberg‐Bauer Erich , Vasseur‐Cognet Mireille , Harrison Mark C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences, which can cause the accumulation of genomic damage in the lifetime of an organism. The regulation of TEs, for instance via the piRNA‐pathway, is an important mechanism to protect the integrity of genomes, especially in the germ‐line where mutations can be transmitted to offspring. In eusocial insects, soma and germ‐line are divided among worker and reproductive castes, so one may expect caste‐specific differences in TE regulation to exist. To test this, we compared whole‐genome levels of repeat element transcription in the fat body of female workers, kings and five different queen stages of the higher termite, Macrotermes natalensis. In this species, queens can live over 20 years, maintaining near maximum reproductive output, while sterile workers only live weeks. We found a strong, positive correlation between TE expression and the expression of neighbouring genes in all castes. However, we found substantially higher TE activity in workers than in reproductives. Furthermore, TE expression did not increase with age in queens, despite a sevenfold increase in overall gene expression, due to a significant upregulation of the piRNA‐pathway in 20‐year‐old queens. Our results suggest a caste‐ and age‐specific regulation of the piRNA‐pathway has evolved in higher termites that is analogous to germ‐line‐specific activity in solitary organisms. In the fat body of these termite queens, an important metabolic tissue for maintaining their extreme longevity and reproductive output, an efficient regulation of TEs likely protects genome integrity, thus further promoting reproductive fitness even at high age.
Minorities or citizens in the Middle East? Locating the ‘minority question’ in the intersecting histories of collective national belonging and state‐building
Authors: Monier Elizabeth 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to the growing scholarship on minority politics in the Middle East by arguing that if minorities are socially or politically constructed then the meaning and implications of minority terminology requires greater historical contextualisation. Focusing on the experience of minority‐ness rather than the deployment of the terminology, which only became prevalent after World War I, this article offers additional insights into the historical roots of contemporary minority politics, as well as the (un)making of national minorities. It explores how debates and reforms pertaining to inclusion/exclusion in the period preceding and during the shift from empire to nation‐state directly contributed to the reception and understanding of who is a minority in the modern Middle East. This is particularly examined through the cases of Chaldean Christians in Iraq and Coptic Christians in Egypt. Many of the leaders of these communities publicly reject minority identification and instead favour locating their communities in the nation‐state through the notion of inclusive citizenship (al‐Mowāṭana). According to this narrative, belonging as citizens erases the meaning of minority. The article suggests that the framing of citizen and minority as mutually exclusive notions is one contemporary expression of an enduring tension around constructing belonging in political communities.
ZmEREB92 interacts with ZmMYC2 to activate maize terpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis upon Fusarium graminearum infection through jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling
Authors: Fu Jingye , Wang Liping , Pei Wenzheng , Yan Jie , He Linqian , Ma Ben , Wang Chang , Zhu Chenying , Chen Gang , Shen Qinqin , Wang Qiang 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Maize (Zea mays) terpenoid phytoalexins (MTPs) induced by multiple fungi display extensive antimicrobial activities, yet how maize precisely regulates MTP accumulation upon pathogen infection remains elusive.

In this study, pretreatment with jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)‐related inhibitors significantly reduced Fusarium graminearum‐induced MTP accumulation and resulted in enhanced susceptibility to F. graminearum, indicating the involvement of JA/ET in MTP regulatory network.

ZmEREB92 positively regulated MTP biosynthetic gene (MBG) expression by correlation analysis. Knockout of ZmEREB92 significantly compromised maize resistance to F. graminearum with delayed induction of MBGs and attenuated MTP accumulation. The activation of ZmEREB92 on MBGs is dependent on the interaction with ZmMYC2, which directly binds to MBG promoters. ZmJAZ14 interacts both with ZmEREB92 and with ZmMYC2 in a competitive manner to negatively regulate MBG expression.

Altogether, our findings illustrate the regulatory mechanism for JA/ET‐mediated MTP accumulation upon F. graminearum infection with the involvement of ZmEREB92, ZmMYC2, and ZmJAZ14, which provides new insights into maize disease responses.
Parental environmental effects are common and strong, but unpredictable, in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Latzel Vít , Fischer Markus , Groot Maartje , Gutzat Ruben , Lampei Christian , Ouborg Joop , Parepa Madalin , Schmid Karl , Vergeer Philippine , Zhang Yuanye , Bossdorf Oliver 
Published: November 2022

Summary

The phenotypes of plants can be influenced by the environmental conditions experienced by their parents. However, there is still much uncertainty about how common and how predictable such parental environmental effects really are.

We carried out a comprehensive experimental test for parental effects, subjecting plants of multiple Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes to 24 different biotic or abiotic stresses, or combinations thereof, and comparing their offspring phenotypes in a common environment.

The majority of environmental stresses caused significant parental effects, with −35% to +38% changes in offspring fitness. The expression of parental effects was strongly genotype‐dependent, and multiple environmental stresses often acted nonadditively when combined. The direction and magnitude of parental effects were unrelated to the direct effects on the parents: Some environmental stresses did not affect the parents but caused substantial effects on offspring, while for others, the situation was reversed.

Our study demonstrates that parental environmental effects are common and often strong in A. thaliana, but they are genotype‐dependent, act nonadditively, and are difficult to predict. We should thus be cautious with generalizing from simple studies with single plant genotypes and/or only few individual environmental stresses. A thorough and general understanding of parental effects requires large multifactorial experiments.
An Integrative Social Identity Model of Populist Leadership
Authors: Uysal Mete Sefa , Jurstakova Klara , Uluşahin Yasemin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the questions of what populism is and how populist leaders mobilize their followers have been the subject of extensive debate. While the social psychology literature holds unique theoretical tools that can be used to explain leader‐follower dynamics, these have not yet been applied to understand populism and populist leadership. In this paper, we aim to discuss populism as a social‐psychological concept and provide a comprehensive approach to examine the interactions between populist leaders and followers by using the identity leadership model (see New Psychology of Leadership, Haslam et al., 2020). Accordingly, we propose an integrative model in which we suggest that populism should be treated as a social‐psychological concept based on (i) strong ingroup identification; (ii) interactive leadership processes that open spaces to followers for enacting their ingroup identity that end up with mobilization against vertical (e.g., elites) and horizontal (e.g., minorities, refugees, opponents) outgroups; (iii) leader's ingroup prototypicality and identity entrepreneurship that is boosted by using shared grievances, narratives of collective victimhood, and the destabilization of mainstream opponent leaders. Furthermore, by discussing real‐world examples and recent studies, we aim to show how the content of what it means to be ‘us’ and what is seen as moral to ‘us’ can be shaped by populist leaders for mobilization.
Getting a grip: On causation, agency, and the meaning of “manipulation”
Authors: van Aken Erik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the philosophy of causation, manipulationist literature is broadly divided into agency and interventionist accounts. The division between these accounts is partially due to a dispute regarding the meaning of “manipulation”, which specifically questions, “Must one analyse manipulation by appealing to human agency?” This paper attempts to clarify the notion of manipulation and defends the thesis that agency theoristsandinterventionists analyse manipulation by appealing to human agency. However, following Collingwood's work, I argue that there are two ways to interpret “human agency”. With an extended notion of agency in place, I reveal a pathway towards a consensus between the agency and interventionist accounts. Further, I highlight the alleged discrepancies between agency and interventionist accounts, including the issues of scope and objectivity, and suggest additional pathways towards a consensus.
FAITH, SCIENCE, AND NONRELIGIOUS IDENTITY FORMATION AMONG MALE KENYAN YOUTH
Authors: Muriithi Ndereba Kevin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe faith and science dialogue has received scholarly attention in the recent past. Within the African landscape at large, the underlying assumption has been that Africans are religious. However, there has been a rising cohort of Africans who are increasingly identified as nonreligious or atheist or agnostic. This research presents a qualitative analysis of the sociocultural factors that affect or influence these minority identities within a pluralistic African context, exploring their emergence and diversities within the African context, with a specific focus on 20 male Kenyan youth who are identified as nonreligious. This research utilized purposive sampling within nonreligious groups and networks. Second, this research aims at exploring how nonreligious identities are constructed, particularly given the concomitant issues surrounding emerging adulthood and new media. This builds up on the theories around youth and identity formation, while foregrounding science and belief as a central theme of study.
Tonic extracellular glutamate and ischaemia: glutamate antiporter system xc− regulates anoxic depolarization in hippocampus
Authors: Heit Bradley S. , Chu Alex , Sane Abhay , Featherstone David E. , Park Thomas J. , Larson John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn stroke, the sudden deprivation of oxygen to neurons triggers a profuse release of glutamate that induces anoxic depolarization (AD) and leads to rapid cell death. Importantly, the latency of the glutamate‐driven AD event largely dictates subsequent tissue damage. Although the contribution of synaptic glutamate during ischaemia is well‐studied, the role of tonic (ambient) glutamate has received far less scrutiny. The majority of tonic, non‐synaptic glutamate in the brain is governed by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc−. Employing hippocampal slice electrophysiology, we showed that transgenic mice lacking a functional system xc− display longer latencies to AD and altered depolarizing waves compared to wild‐type mice after total oxygen deprivation. Experiments which pharmacologically inhibited system xc−, as well as those manipulating tonic glutamate levels and those antagonizing glutamate receptors, revealed that the antiporter's putative effect on ambient glutamate precipitates the ischaemic cascade. As such, the current study yields novel insight into the pathogenesis of acute stroke and may direct future therapeutic interventions.
imageKey points
Ischaemic stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability in the world, but efforts to reduce stroke severity have been plagued by failed translational attempts to mitigate glutamate excitotoxicity.
Elucidating the ischaemic cascade, which within minutes leads to irreversible tissue damage induced by anoxic depolarization, must be a principal focus.
Data presented here show that tonic, extrasynaptic glutamate supplied by system xc− synergizes with ischaemia‐induced synaptic glutamate release to propagate AD and exacerbate depolarizing waves.
Exploiting the role of system xc− and its obligate release of ambient glutamate could, therefore, be a novel therapeutic direction to attenuate the deleterious effects of acute stroke.
Mist Flow in Through-Tool Minimum Quantity Lubrication Drilling: Two-Phase Flow Simulation and Experimental Observation
Authors: Raval Jay K. , Tai Bruce L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Through-tool minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) drilling has been used in industry for decades, but little information is available on the coolant channel design and the effect on fluid distribution due to the inability of in-situ measurement. This study utilizes an Euler–Lagrange computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to uncover the two-phase flow behavior in MQL drilling. Air is the primary phase modeled as a compressible and turbulent flow. The lubricant droplets are simulated as discrete particles with a proper size distribution. Two-way coupling and droplet-wall interactions are both considered. The results show that the primary phase can reach velocities in the transonic region and is dependent on the helical path of the channel. In addition, most of the lubricant droplets (&gt;95%) impact the channel wall to form fluid film instead of following the air stream. In the cutting zone, droplets can hardly reach the cutting edges in both circular and triangular channel shapes. Finally, a custom-made drilling testbed, along with a transparent work-material simulant, is used to observe and qualitatively validate these results.