bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide Sprays for Control of the Sugarcane Borer (SCB), Small Plot Screening Test, 1980
Authors: Hensley S. D. , Finger C. K. , Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar spray concentrates for control of season-long SCB infestations were applied in water to a block of 1st stubble crop sugarcane (Var. CP 48-103) at Sweet Home Plantation near Belle Rose, LA. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with treatments replicated 6 times. Individual plots contained 3 rows (spaced 6 ft apart) that were 24.2 ft long. Each spray concentrate was applied from a single nozzle to the crop canopy at 30 psi with a knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gal of finished formulation per acre, per application. All insecticide treatments were begun after sugarcane internodes were visible and when 5% of the stalks in check plots harbored small larvae in leaf sheaths. They were repeated only when that level of infestation was again found in Guthion-treated plots; application dates were Aug 4, 25, and Sep 18. The efficacy of insecticide treatments was evaluated at crop harvest (Oct 16-18) by comparing the % internodes expressing damage by seasonal populations of SCB larvae in treated plots with that found in untreated (check) plots. Twenty stalks, selected at random from the center row of each plot, were visually scanned for external signs of internode penetration by SCB larvae.
Concentrations of Azinphosmethyl and Fenvalerate in Run-Off Water from Sugarcane, Sugarcane Borer Control, 1980, 1981
Authors: Hensley S. D. , Finger C. K. , Reagan T. E. , Flynn J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Azinphosmethyl (Guthion) and fenvalerate (Pydrin) were sprayed 4 times in 1980 (Jul 11, 29, Aug 14, and Sep 9) and 1981 (Jul 13, 30, Aug 19, and Sep 12) at a rate of 0.84 and 0.22 kg/ha for the respective insecticides. Each spray concentration was applied io the plant canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 270 liters finished formulations per h.:, The study, designed to measure run-off from 0.016 ha plots under season-long control of sugarcane borer (SCB) infestations, was set up in a randomized complete block experimental design on commerce silt loam (fine-siIty, mixed, non-acid thermic aerie fluvaquents) soil on the St. Gabriel Experiment Station. Run-off was collected in 204 I (54 gal) drums buried in the soil at the downslope end of plots. Samples were collected, and drums emptied and cleaned on the same day of rainfall.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1981
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Coker 319’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted in 4 ft rows with 20 inch row spacing on May 12. Treatment plots, 40 ft (24 plants) x (12 ft) 3 rows, were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied to the prepared soil on May 5 using a Gandy applicator that covered a 4 ft swath. The granules were than incorporated by disking. In-row applications were applied in a furrow using a hand-operated duster and then a bed was formed over the furrow so that the granules were about 6 inches under the row. Side-dress treatments were applied on Jun 9 using a hand duster and then incorporated by cultivation. Liquid formulations were broadcast with a CO2 powered back sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 20 psi and then incorporated by disking. A heavy rain (3.8 inch) on Jun 6 caused some washing of the test area. The center row of each plot was examined for insects once every 2 weeks. Green peach aphids were counted on 2 upper leaves of 10 plants in each plot and the number of leaves destroyed by hornworms were counted on 22 plants/plot. Tobacco was harvested from the center row of each plot, cured, weighed and graded for yield and value determinations.
Granular Application of Phorate Granules for Control of Chinch Bugs on Winter Wheat, 1981
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Pruess K. P. , Spomer S. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An on-farm test was conducted in Lancaster County near Lincoln, NE to assess the effectiveness of phorate granules against an adult population of chinch bugs infesting wheat in late Apr. The field had been in soybeans the previous year and had been planted to wheat in the fall of same year. Phorate granules (15G) at 1.12 kg ai/ha were applied on Apr 29 by a tractor-powered drop spreader 3.6 m wide to 9.1 x 18.2 m plots. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 8 times with phorate treatments appearing twice and the untreated check once per block. Weather conditions at time of application were as follow: clear, light breeze and 21°C. Pre- and post-treatment chinch bug counts were made by at least 3 people independently on each date and bug counts expressed as the mean number of chinch bugs/0.3 m row. Wheat was harvested on Jun 20 by harvesting two 4.57 m rows/plot and threshing the wheat heads with a plot thresher.
Apple, Spray Volume and Tufted Apple Budmoth Control, 1981
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Hickey Kenneth D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine what volumes of water/acre and what insecticides must be used to kill 3rd, 4th and 5th instar tufted apple budmoth larvae. Trees used were ‘Golden Delicious’ pruned to a height of 5.5 m. Treatments were randomized in a complete block design with 4 replicates of single tree plots. Sprays were applied to both sides of the trees and treated trees were separated by buffer trees. Treatments were applied on Jul 31 with sprayers driven at 2 mph. For the Lannate treatments, the amount of chemical/acre was the same but the amount of spray volume/acre varied. Treatments were evaluated by collecting all rolled leaves tree on Aug 5 and determining whether the larvae were live, dead or sick or whether they had pupated or were not present. Larval density was high in all trees.
Methods Improvement Trials Using the Nucleopolyhedrosis Virus (GYPCHEK) of the Gypsy Moth, 1977
Authors: Munson Allen S. , Hubbard Harry B. , Reardon Richard C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of gypsy moth NPV when applied using an equipment configuration of flat fan nozzles that duplicated spray characteristics (vmd = 250-350u; 33 droplets/cm ) obtained in the 1975 and 1976 field tests where 6 Beecomist nozzles were used. Treatments were assigned using a completely randomized design on 12 plots, each 14.2 ha, located in Union and Snyder counties, Pennsylvania. Initial applications were made when at least 15% of the gypsy moth larvae were in the 2nd instar and leaf expansion was at least 50% for white oak. The 2nd application was applied 7 days later. The standard formulation of GYPCHEK - 227 g of Shade, 4.4 ml of Chevron Spray Sticker and 4.7 liters of Pacific feed-grade molasses with water to make 18.7 liters of finished spray per hectare per application - was applied in the evening (between 4 p.m. and sunset) at 62x10° gypsy moth potency units/ha/application. Grumman AgCats equipped with standard spray booms and 6 Beecomist nozzles (Model 275) with 80 to 100 micron mesh sleeves on 52 flat fan Teejet nozzles (Model 8006) were used to apply the standard formulation of GYPCHEK to 6 plots. Swath width was 23 m and aircraft speed during application was 144.8 kph (90 mph). A Cessna AgTruck equipped with standard spray boom and 46 flat fan Teejet nozzles (Model 8006) was used to apply the standard formulation of GYPCHEK to 3 plots. Swath width was 18 m and aircraft speed during application was 193 kph (120 mph).
Chinch Bug Control on a Belle Avenue Home Lawn in Boalsburg, Pennsylvania, 1981
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten insecticides were applied Aug 19 to a chinch bug infested lawn, consisting of fine leafed fescue (80%) and KY bluegrass (20%). Due to the limited size of the home lawn, treatment plots were 5x5 ft. They were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Liquid formulations were applied in 1 gal of water with a hand held sprinkling can. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, followed by watering in with 1 gal of water. Environmental conditions were as follows: air temperature, 76°F; soil temperature, 76°F; soil type, silt-clay-loam; percent organic matter, 3.2; soil pH, 7.2; soil condition, dry; and amount of thatch, 0.5 inch. A flotation method was used for sampling, using 6 inch dia circular cans. Post-treatment counts were made 7 days later (aug 26). Three locations were randomly selected within each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs rising to the surface over a 10 min count (per location) was recorded and converted to ft2 count.
Control of Florida Wax Scale On ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ Holly, Alabama, 1981
Authors: Stephenson J. C. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Nellie R. Stevens’ hollies growing in full sun (3 gal plastic pots, milled pine bark, peatmoss, and shale, 3:1:1, v/v/v) were treated twice with 3 compounds to determine efficacy in controlling florida wax scale. Foliar sprays were applied to run-off Jul 14 and 21 using compressed air sprayers with Nu-Film 17 as an adjuvant (0.5 pt/100 gal). Each treatment was replicated 3 times (single plant replicate) and arranged in a randomized block design. Efficacy was determined Jul 27 by examining 100°Florida wax scale per plant for mortality and scoring them as living if normally-colored and full-bodied or dead if they were discolored and shriveled or dried.
Control of Nantucket Pine Tip Moth on Mugo Pines, 1981
Authors: King Ed , Dillon Bonnie , Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Whitcomb Carl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three different systemic insecticides were evaluated for control of Nantucket pine tip moth on mugo pines. The test was conducted on the 0SU Horticulture Research Farm outside of Stillwater, OK. Treatments were applied on May 8. The mugo pines were approximately 12 inches tall and were being grown in 3 gal containers. All plants were watered after treatments were applied. Each treatment was replicated 10 times in a randomized block design. Prior to treatment all plants were found to be infested with first generation tip moth larvae. Two weeks after treatment all damaged ^terminals from plants were cut and inspected for dead larvae.
Black Vine Weevil Larval Control On Yew, Lake Co., Ohio, 1980
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Taxus medica ca 7 yr old growing 0.6 m apart in 7 rows planted ca 1 m apart were used for evaluating efficacy of candidate larvicides. The entire nursery is located on old Lake Erie lake bed characterized as Berrian fine sand. Treatments were applied to 5 replicates, each containing 2 rows of 8 plants, using a randomized complete block design. Tractor-mounted, electrically controlled Gandy granular applicators were used to distribute granules evenly over the treatment area. Two-thirds of the planting was treated only once, on Aug 11 or Oct 13. Other replicates were treated on both dates. On Aug 11 skies were cloudy with a light breeze and ambient temperature of 24-25°C. On Oct 13 ambient temperature was 7°C with winds of 25-30 kph under mostly cloudy skies. All materials were applied each time at the rate of 10 lb ai/acre. The experimental area was cultivated immediately before and after each application and received a soaking rain (ca 2-3 cm) within 48 hr. There was adequate rainfall throughout the summer for optimum plant growth, according to the nurseryman, so the block was not irrigated. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated in Mar-Apr, 1981 by taking four 20 cm deep x 10 cm dia core samples from near the crown at the cardinal compass directions of each of 3 plants/replicate. Soil was brought to the laboratory where it was scrutinized for presence of weevil larvae.
Phytotoxicity Tests, 1981
Authors: King Ed , Price Richard , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two separate tests were conducted to evaluate RE-35394 0.3EC and Deltic 2.4EL at two different rates for phytotoxicity on 18 species of ornamentals in or near Stillwater, OK. Test 1 was conducted on Jun 9. It Involved treatment of four young field grown nursery stock located on a horticulture research farm outside Stillwater. Treatment was made with a 2 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 20 psi. All plants were treated to run-off. The check plants were treated with water to run-off. The temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were 87°F and 12-20 mph. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Test 2 was applied on Jun 23 to established trees and shrubs throughout the Stillwater area. Application equipment consisted of a John Bean 55 sprayer equipped with a Spraying Systems Gun, Jet #43, which delivered 2.6 gal/min at 200 psi and 3.1 gal/mln at 300 psi. All plants were treated to run-off. The check plants were treated with water to run-off. The temperature and wind velocity at the time of treatment were 90°F and 15-20 mph. Each treatment was replicated 2 times. In both tests the plants were examined 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after treatment for phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity was recorded as none, mild, or severe.
Phytotoxicity Evaluations on Woody Ornamentals, Virginia, 1981
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Parnell L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phytotoxicity trials were conducted in 1981 on 20 species of ornamental plants at X, 2X and 4X rates. This corresponds to 1.0, 2.4 and 3.6 lb ai/100 gal of Deltic 2.4EC, and 0.008, 0.016 and 0.032 lb ai/100 gal of Ortho RE-35394 0.3EC. Treatments of Deltic 2.4EC were applied on Jul 7, 1981, using a 1 gal B 4 G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Sprays were applied to run-off. Evaluation for possible injury was conducted on Jul 15 and Jul 21. Temperature at the time of treatment was 74°F. Rainfall from Jul 7 to Jul 21 was 0.39 inches. Treatments of RE-35394 0.3EC were applied on Jul 16 and evaluated for possible injury on Jul 28 and Aug 4. Temperature at the time of treatment was 79°F. Rainfall from Jul 16 to Aug 4 was 1.17 inches. No phytotoxicity was observed with either chemical on any of the 20 species tested in this study.
Nursery Stock Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, 1980-81
Authors: Parella M. P. , Morishita F. S. , Robb K. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were applied to selected container-grown nursery stock and phytotoxic effects were determined. The following pesticides were selected based on their ability to control many pests commonly found on nursery stock (particularly the black vine weevil, Otiorhynchussulcatus (F.), and due to a lack of information necessary for their labeling in a nursery: Supracide 2E, Knox-Out 2FM, Ficam 76W, and Furadan 4F and 10G. These insecticides were applied on the following plants, Supracide - camel ia, podocarpus, ivy; Knox-Out - camelia, podocarpus, azalea; and Furadan 4F and 10G - azalea, camel ia, pine and podocarpus. Materials were applied until run-off with a handgun operating at from a 2-1/2 gpm (9.5 liters per min) piston pump at 125 psi, except Furadan 10G which was applied to the soil of individual pots. The soil was a modified University of CA mixture with a pH of ca 7.4. Insecticides were applied at 1X, 2X and 4X concentrations where 1X = recommended label rate. The recommended rates per 100 gal water for the chemicals evaluated are: Supracide, Knox-Out, Ficam, Furadan 4F - 0.5 lb, Furadan 10G was applied at 10.0 lb ai/acre (= 1X). Insecticides were applied on Nov 17, Dec 8, May 1, Jun 8 and 29. Data on phytotoxicity were recorded on a weekly basis for 4 weeks following spray application. No phytotoxicity was detected.
Phytotoxicity Tests on Greenhouse Geraniums, Massachusetts, 1981
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Red Delicious’ geraniums were treated on Sep 15 and again on Sep 29 with 10 different insecticides, with 2 plants treated for each rate tested. Plants were in 10 cm pots and blossoming when treated. Plants were rated for foliage and blossom damage 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after first treatment.
Bromeliad Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, 1981
Authors: Parrella M. P. , Morishita F. S. , Isley Paul T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were tested on bromeliads in the genus Tillandsia for phytotoxic effects. This genus was selected because it is the most common bromeliad marketed commercially and due to its known sensitivity to insecticides. This test was initiated in an attempt to find an alternative insecticide that would satisfy import quarantine requirements. Methyl bromide fumigation is currently used as a broad spectrum insecticide and this kills ca 50% of all plants treated. The following 5 insecticides, all with broad spectrum toxicity, were evaluated: Orthene 75S, Ficam 76W, Dursban 25W, Cygon 4E, and Larvin 500. Materials were applied by dipping plants for 5 sec in 1X, 2X and 4X concentrations where 1X = 4 oz ai/100 gal. Plants were dipped in a 20 gal tub (pH = 7.0). After dipping, plants were placed in the greenhouse where temperatures ranged between 26.7-32.2°C. Data on phytotoxicity were recorded weekly for 8 weeks.
Efficacy of Insecticides for German Cockroach Control in Urban Apartments, 1981
Authors: Robinson William H. , Patricia A. Zungoli , Farmer Bob R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field trials were conducted to test the effectiveness of Orthene and Ficam W for cockroach control. Testing was in low-income apartments in Roanoke, VA. Pre-treatment population levels were assessed by placing five 1 qt. Mason jar traps (baited with boiled raisins) in each apartment overnight: 1 trap each under the kitchen sink, in pantry, by refrigerator, under bathroom sink, and in closet adjacent to bathroom. Aqueous solutions were applied with a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer equipped with a crack and crevice applicator. Three replicates for each rate were treated and monitored from May through Jul. Evaluation of treatment was made using the pre-treatment assessment procedure on selected post-treatment dates. Cockroaches captured were counted (except Ist-stage nymphs) and the number compared to pre-treatment value to determine percentage reduction.
Cattle, Ear Tags for the Control of Face Flies, Horn Flies and Stable Flies, 1981
Authors: Herald Freddie , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten Holstein steers were tagged with 2 Atroban ear tags/head and 5 mixed breed steers were tagged with 2 Deltamethrin tags/head in mid-Jun. Fly counts were made on all animals in each herd weekly until mid-Sep. Data are presented for every other week. Untreated cattle used for evaluating the effectiveness of the treatments was a mixed beef breed herd of 12 steers.
Residual Barn Treatments Using High Pressure Sprays for the Control of House Flies, 1981
Authors: Fischer F. J. , Hall R. D. , English L. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied to the interior and exterior surfaces of 8 livestock barns located on the University of Missouri South Farm. A proximate, untreated barn served as control. All treatments were applied at the rate of 0.09 Iiter/m2 (1 gal/450 ft2) using a power sprayer delivering 1034 kPa (150 lb/in2). Fly populations were monitored prior to and at regular intervals post-treatment via a 0.25 m2 Scudder fly grill. Five 30 sec grid counts were taken at each observation in all locations.
Control of Two Species of Flood-Water Mosquitoes with

Baciilus

Thuringiensis

var.

Israelensis

(BTI), 1981
Authors: Dickeson Robert L. , Clarke John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Late 3rd and early 4th instars of A. vexans and A. trivittatus were reared from egg obtained from field-collected adult females. Four treatments of 2 experimental B.t. formulations were applied to sod-lined wading pools containing 100 liters of tapwater using a 1 liter handsprayer. Pools were arranged in a split-plot design with 2 and 3 replicates performed Aug 22 and Sep 19, respectively. Mortality counts were taken 24 h post-treatment.
Red Imported Fire Ant Control with Amdro Insecticide Bait (Formulation A), 1980
Authors: Wilson B. H. , Guillaume R. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Study was conducted at the LSU Agric. Exp. Sta. at St. Gabriel in an improved pasture consisting primarily of a mixture of common bermudagrass and dallisgrass on sharkey clay soil. Eight circular (130 ft dia) plots were established for test purposes, 4 of which (randomly selected) were treated with Amdro bait and 4 of which served as checks. An inner circle (80 ft dia) in each plot served as a data-taking site. Pre-treatment counts of active mounds (minimum of 6 ants appearing on a disturbed mound) were taken Jun 24. Bait (1 lb formulated bait/acre) subsequently was applied the same day with a Cycleed Spreader. Active mound counts were taken 24, 48 and 72 hr and at 8, 14, 21, 48, 63, 98 and 125 days post-treatment. Means of treated and untreated plots were corrected for % control by Abbott’s formula.
Residual Treatments for House Fly Control in Cement Stanchion, Automatic Flush Swine Barns, 1981
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron S. , Yoran C. Lynn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
House fly populations were monitored in multiple cement stanchion, automatic flush swine barns to assess the residual control of Atroban 25% WP, Ectlban 25% WP, and Rabon 50% WP- Three, 39 x 7.3 m, swine barns located near Madrid at the Iowa State University Bilsland Swine Farm were sprayed with Atroban or Ectiban at a rate of 0.05 liter/m2 (1 gal/750 ft2) or Rabon at 0.08 liter/m2 (1 gal/500 ft2) with a sprayer delivering 40 psi. Treated surface areas were primarily cement inside the barns. An identical, untreated swine barn was used as a control. Two test trials were conducted. Pre-treatment and weekly post-treatment fly population counts were made with 3 white 76 X 127 mm cards and 3 white 25 x 216 nm strips placed at equal intervals inside each barn.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1981
Authors: Weires R. W. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied dilute to runoff using a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to 8 tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at pink, Apr 20, 22, petal fall, May 14, and in 7 cover sprays, May 28, Jun 12, Jun 24, Jul 8, Jul 23, Aug 7, and Aug 20, using 4.2 gal spray/tree (403 gal/acre). Trees were 17-yrs-old, ca 12 ft high, on EM2 rootstock, and spaced 15 x 30 ft. The fungicide Baycor 50W was applied over the entire block at the rate of 8 oz form/acre along with 2 qt of Agridex/acre on Apr 28, May 19, Jun 2, and without the Agridex on Jun 23. Thinning sprays utilizing from 5-15 ppm of Naphthaleneacetic acid (depending upon the cultivar) were applied May 20. Early spring frosts reduced the fruit crop throughout the area while a later summer drought further stressed the trees. Temperatures were above normal for most the season while rainfall was considerably below normal. Pest populations, especialy plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, and gypsy moth, were above normal levels. Evaluation of insect damage was assessed by examining 100 fruits/cultivar/plot from ,Mcintosh, Sep 1, ,Cortland, Sep 10, and ,Golden Delicious, Sep 23.
Pear, Pear Psylla Control, 1981
Authors: Bode W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted within a commercial orchard comprised of 9-year-old trees. Single-tree plots were arranged in a complete randomized block design with 5 replications. Treated trees were separated within rows by at least one unsprayed tree and adult psylla were available to repopulate test plots. Treatments were applied on Jun 18 and Jul 24. Dilute sprays were applied to runoff with a handgun operated at a pump pressure of ca 300 psi. Pear psylla eggs and nymphs were counted with a stereo microscope from samples of 10 terminal shoot leaves/tree.