bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid, recurring, structured survey versus bioblitz for generating biodiversity data and analysis with a multispecies abundance model
Authors: Gigliotti Franco N. , Franzem Thomas P. , Ferguson Paige F. B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat–occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.
Prevalence of alcohol consumption in emergency presentations: Novel approach using two biomarkers, ethanol and phosphatidylethanol
Authors: Cameron Cate M. , Vuong Kim , McWhinney Brett , Zournazi Anna , Manzanero Silvia , Warren Jacelle , Mitchell Gary , McCreanor Victoria , Vallmuur Kirsten , Howell Tegwen , Ungerer Jacobus P. J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim was to determine the prevalence of alcohol‐related presentations to an emergency department (ED) in a major Australian hospital, through a novel surveillance approach using two biomarkers, blood ethanol and phosphatidylethanol (PEth).MethodsObservational study using secondary testing of blood samples collected during routine clinical care of ED patients presenting to the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital in Queensland, Australia, between 22 January and 2 February 2021. Data were collected from 1160 patients during the 10‐day study period. The main outcomes were the prevalence of acute alcohol intake, as determined by blood ethanol, and recent use over 2–4 weeks, as determined by PEth concentrations, for all ED presentations and different diagnostic groups.ResultsThe overall prevalence for blood ethanol was 9.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8%, 11.1%), 5.3% for general medical presentations, increasing four‐fold to 22.2% for injury presentations. The overall prevalence of PEth positive samples was 32.5% (95% CI 29.9%, 35.3%) and 41.4% for injury presentations. There were 263 (25.3%) cases that tested negative for acute blood ethanol but positive for PEth concentrations indicative of significant to heavy medium‐term alcohol consumption.Discussion and ConclusionsThis novel surveillance approach demonstrates that using blood ethanol tests in isolation significantly underestimates the prevalence of medium‐term alcohol consumption in ED presentations. Prevalence of alcohol use was higher for key diagnostic groups such as injury presentations. Performing periodic measurement of both acute and medium‐term alcohol consumption accurately and objectively in ED presentations, would be valuable for informing targeted public health prevention and control strategies.
Standard histological techniques systematically under‐estimate the size fish start spawning
Authors: Prince Jeremy , Harford William J. , Taylor Brett M. , Lindfield Steven J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBeverton & Holt's (1957) functional definition of maturity in fish (L50), as being the size class in which 50% of individuals begin producing gametes in some proportion to body weight, is widely used in assessment models to estimate spawning stock biomass, and manage the minimum size of capture. Standardized histological techniques for estimating L50 apply physiological definitions that identify cellular or hormonal markers indicating individuals are capable of producing gametes. Few studies have examined how those phases of gonadal development correlate with reproductive behaviour or reproductive output. We compare histological estimates of L50 for 10 species of reef fish from Palau, with the size composition of catches, surveys and spawning aggregations, and interpret those comparisons with simulation modelling. Our study shows that the histological L50 estimates coincide with the size species begin ontogenetically shifting between juvenile and adult habitat, and with the size the smallest individuals join spawning aggregations, but are ~15% smaller than the length at which we infer 50% of individuals begin joining spawning aggregations. This highlights a mismatch between the functional definition of L50 assumed for assessment and management, and the physiological definitions developed for histological studies, which identify the beginning of a sub‐adult adolescent phase, rather than the end, when functional adulthood starts. This definitional mismatch could be causing stock assessments to systematically over‐estimate the reproductive output of fisheries. By considering fish behaviour, we hope to better align estimates of physiological maturation with the estimation of functional reproductive potential required for assessment and management.
Andean rain shadow effect drives phenotypic variation in a widely distributed Austral rodent
Authors: Teta Pablo , de la Sancha Noé U. , D'Elía Guillermo , Patterson Bruce D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimMountains cover approximately 22% of the planet's terrestrial surface and have dramatic effects on climate and biodiversity. The rain shadow effect is a common feature on mountain ranges worldwide and its effects on ecology and evolution of species, particularly morphology, are incompletely known. Our aim is to identify the correlates that best describe morphological variation along a pronounced rain shadow gradient.LocationPatagonia and Tierra del Fuego (southern South America), including Valdivian and Magellanic forests and steppes.TaxaShaggy soft‐haired mouse Abrothrix hirta (Order Rodentia, Family Cricetidae).MethodsWe measured 450 skulls of A. hirta from 67 localities between 35°S and 54°S, from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. We analysed geographic differences in skull morphology using 17 linear skull measurements. Discriminant function analysis revealed clear evidence for sexual dimorphism; thus, analyses were conducted for the entire dataset, and separately by sex. We implemented regression tree analysis to test the environmental correlates that best describe morphological variation along this gradient.ResultsSkull size variation in shaggy soft‐haired mice does not follow Bergmann's rule; however, latitude was the second node for PC1 of all samples. Regression tree analyses showed that the variables that best explained size for the various datasets were longitude, precipitation of the coldest quarter and temperature seasonality. Longitude appeared in eight of the nine regression tree analyses. We find that organisms attain greater sizes in the western Andes where there is no rain shadow effect, below 500 m of elevation.Main ConclusionsMorphological variation and size of A. hirta is highly structured along a longitudinal gradient, which mirrors patterns of primary productivity and the Andean rain shadow effect in this region, best described by the “resource rule”. Mountains are a formidable land feature that clearly affects the morphology of species distributed at both sides of them.
“We're in this together”: Attachment insecurities, dyadic coping strategies, and relationship satisfaction in couples involved in medically assisted reproduction
Authors: Péloquin Katherine , Boucher Stéphanie , Benoit Zoé , Jean Mireille , Beauvilliers Laurie , Carranza‐Mamane Belina , Brassard Audrey 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAttachment is an important predictor of relationship satisfaction and attachment insecurities are a risk factor for couples under stress. Drawing from the Vulnerability–Stress–Adaptation model, we investigated whether dyadic coping strategies (DCS) would explain the links between attachment insecurities and relationship satisfaction in 97 couples involved in medically assisted reproduction (MAR). Path analyses revealed that for women and men, attachment insecurities (anxiety, avoidance) were associated with their own lower relationship satisfaction through their lower use of positive DCS. Attachment avoidance was also associated with participants' own lower relationship satisfaction through their own lower use of negative DCS. Men's attachment avoidance was also related to their partner's lower relationship satisfaction via their own and their partner's lower use of positive DCS. The findings suggest that promoting the use of positive DCS may be important to preserve relationship satisfaction in couples involved in MAR.
Caudal pulmonary artery to vein ratio on radiography can predict pulmonary hypertension in dogs with mitral regurgitation
Authors: Lee Sang‐Kwon , Choi Jihye 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important predictor of poor outcomes in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR). The feasibility of radiography to predict PH in dogs with MR is unknown. This retrospective, observational, and analytic study aimed to identify a radiographic parameter to predict PH in dogs with MR. A total of 302 dogs diagnosed with MR on echocardiography were enrolled. Medical record and radiographic findings such as the size of the main pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, and right chamber, and cranial and caudal pulmonary arteries and veins were evaluated according to the presence of PH. The diameters of the cranial and caudal pulmonary vessels were compared to the fourth rib and the ninth rib, respectively, and the ratio of the pulmonary artery to the corresponding vein (CdPA/CdPV) was calculated. Pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed in 77 dogs (25.5%) and the prevalence of PH increased with MR grade. The CdPA/CdPV was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the presence of PH. Multivariate analysis showed that the CdPA/CdPV was the only independent radiographic parameter that had a significant association with PH in dogs with MR (P = 0.028). The cut‐off value of the CdPA/CdPV = 1.10 showed 90.6% specificity and 31.1% sensitivity for detecting PH in dogs with MR. In dogs with MR, PH can be predicted with high specificity when the caudal pulmonary artery is 1.1 times larger than the corresponding vein on radiographs.
Effect of oats and oat ß-glucan on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Victoria , Zurbau Andreea , Ahmed Amna , Khan Tauseef A , Au-Yeung Fei , Chiavaroli Laura , Blanco Mejia Sonia , Leiter Lawrence A , Jenkins David J A , Kendall Cyril W C , Sievenpiper John L 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCurrent health claims recognize the ability of oat ß-glucan to lower blood cholesterol; however, its ability to improve glycemic control is less certain. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to update the evidence on the effect of oats and oat ß-glucan on glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.Research design and methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched (June 2021) for RCTs of ≥2 weeks investigating the effect of oat ß-glucan on glycemic control in diabetes. The outcomes were hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting glucose, 2-hour postprandial glucose (2h-PG) from a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting insulin. Independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Data were pooled using the generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q) and quantified (I2). Pooled estimates were expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% CI. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.ResultsEight trial comparisons (n=407) met the eligibility criteria. All trials were in adults with type 2 diabetes who were predominantly middle-aged, overweight and treated by antihyperglycemic medications or insulin. A median dose of 3.25 g of oat ß-glucan for a median duration of 4.5 weeks improved HbA1c (MD, −0.47% (95% CI −0.80 to −0.13), pMD=0.006), fasting glucose (−0.75 mmol/L (−1.20 to –0.31), pMD<0.001), 2h-PG (−0.42 mmol/L (−0.70 to –0.14), pMD=0.003) and HOMA-IR (−0.88 (−1.55 to –0.20), pMD=0.011). There was a non-significant reduction in fasting insulin (−4.30 pmol/L (−11.96 to 3.35), pMD=0.271). The certainty of evidence was high for fasting glucose, moderate for HOMA-IR and fasting insulin (downgraded for imprecision), and low for HbA1c and 2h-PG (downgraded for imprecision and inconsistency).ConclusionsConsumption of oats and oat ß-glucan results in generally small improvements in established markers of fasting and postprandial glycemic control beyond concurrent therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes. The current evidence provides a very good indication for reductions in fasting glucose and less of an indication for reductions in HbA1c, 2h-PG, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in this population.Trial registration numberNCT04631913.
Commercial business and partnership aspects of general practice: the learning needs of First5 general practitioners in NHS Scotland–a qualitative study
Authors: Lindemann Roberta F , Robson Gordon , Cunningham David Edward 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo identify the learning needs of recently qualified general practitioners (GPs) (First5) in National Health Service (NHS) Scotland concerning GP partnership and the commercial business aspects of general practice. It aimed to identify learning opportunities during General Practice Specialty Training and the first 5 years of work, and to explore their suggestions of additional resources that would improve their sense of preparedness for partnership. A secondary aim was to explore what influenced their current choice of employment model and place of work.DesignQualitative research study using grounded theory methods. Recruitment was stratified to include First5 GPs from a range of NHS boards in Scotland including remote and rural areas. Participants were interviewed in small focus groups or individual interviews in person, or over the telephone depending on their preference. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were coded and codes developed into themes using Charmazian grounded theory methods. Data saturation was achieved and verified by the researchers.SettingGeneral practice in NHS Scotland. Participant GPs, within the first 5 years of completion of General Practice Specialty Training, who were working in NHS Scotland.ResultsTwenty-seven recently qualified GPs participated in the study. Three main themes were constructed: preparedness for partnership from experiential learning in General Practice Specialty Training; perceived commercial business learning needs and preferred learning styles (with learning needs arranged into five topic areas); considerations that inform decision-making about choice of employment model and of practice. Factors that influenced the decision to enter into specific employment models were identified.ConclusionLengthening the time spent in specialty training may help GP trainees gain more knowledge, skills and confidence about the commercial business aspects of general practice and of GP partnership.
Women’s priorities towards ovarian cancer testing: a best–worst scaling study
Authors: Hall Rebekah , Medina-Lara Antonieta , Hamilton Willie , Spencer Anne 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the importance of key characteristics relating to diagnostic testing for ovarian cancer and to understand how previous test experience influences priorities.DesignCase 1 best–worst scaling embedded in an online survey.SettingPrimary care diagnostic testing in England and Wales.Participants150 women with ovaries over 40 years old living in England and Wales.MethodsWe used best–worst scaling, a preference-based survey method, to elicit the relative importance of 25 characteristics relating to ovarian cancer testing following a systematic review. Responses were modelled using conditional logit regression. Subgroup analysis investigated variations based on testing history.Main outcome measuresRelative importance scores.Results‘Chance of dying from ovarian cancer’ (0.380, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.49) was the most important factor to respondents, closely followed by ‘test sensitivity’ (0.308, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.40). In contrast, ‘time away from usual activities’ (−0.244, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.15) and ‘gender of healthcare provider’ (−0.243, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.14) were least important to respondents overall. Women who had previously undergone testing placed higher importance on certain characteristics including ‘openness of healthcare providers’ and ‘chance of diagnosing another condition’ at the expense of reduced emphasis on characteristics such as ‘pain and discomfort’ and ‘time away from usual activities’.ConclusionsThe results clearly demonstrated items at the extreme, which were most and least important to women considering ovarian cancer testing. Differences in priorities by testing history demonstrate an experience effect, whereby preferences adapt over time based on evidence and experience. Acknowledging these differences helps to identify underlying barriers and facilitators for women with no test experience as well as shortcomings of current service based on women with experience.
Rationale and design for efficacy and safety evaluation of Bone-Anchored Maxillary Protraction (BAMP) for patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate with skeletal anterior crossbite: a single-arm, open-label, non-randomised prospective study protocol
Authors: Shimada Eriya , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Yamauchi Kensuke , Takahashi Tetsu , Nochioka Kotaro , Igarashi Kaoru 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) was devised recently as a method of direct maxillary protraction using anchor plates implanted in the maxilla and mandible without involving the teeth. Although several reports have described orthognathic effects of BAMP on patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with skeletal crossbite, none has described a study of Japanese patients with CLP or of BAMP treatment effects on speech in patients with CLP. This study, by performing BAMP treatment, and by evaluating speech function and skeletal and soft tissues, is intended to clarify BAMP efficacy and safety for patients with unilateral CLP (UCLP) who have skeletal crossbite.Methods and analysisThis single-arm, open-label, non-randomised prospective study examines 20 patients with UCLP with skeletal crossbite (Wits appraisal ≤−5.0 mm). These 10–15 year-old participants had already undergone cheiloplasty, palatoplasty and bone grafting. The anchor plates are implanted in the zygomatic process in the maxilla and in the anterior part of the mandible. Two weeks after anchor plate implantation, maxillary protraction is started using elastics. Protraction is performed at 150 g per side at the start of protraction, 200 g per side from 1 month after the start of protraction and 250 g per side from 3 months after the start of protraction. The treatment period will be approximately 1½ years. Pretreatment and post-treatment, cephalometric analysis, speech evaluation, nasopharyngeal closure function evaluation and facial soft tissue evaluation will be performed to ascertain the effects of BAMP on patients with UCLP.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been received from Tohoku Certificated Review Board of Tohoku University, Japan, CRB2200003. The approval number is 2021-34-2. The results of this research shall be presented at domestic and international academic conferences, and be published to peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberjRCTs022210007.
Abstract IA02: The good and the bad sides of tertiary lymphoid structures in liver cancer
Authors: Pikarsky Eli 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are formed in chronically inflamed tissues in response to stress. They form an in situ source for adaptive immune responses, and are considered the frontal command posts of the adaptive immune system. In cancer, they were first recognized to be associated with a good prognosis (e.g. in colorectal cancer and melanoma). Later on, we and others noted that in some cancers their presence can be associated with worse prognosis. In particular, we showed that they can form microniches in which tumor cells can proliferate, depending on cues that are derived from TLS residing cells. Recently, several studies showed that TLSs are important in responding to immune checkpoint inhibitors, indicating that T cell exhaustion could play a role in TLS dysfunction. We hypothesized, that similar to single cells, TLSs can also become dysfunctional, explaining why in particular cases they can be associated with a bad outcome in cancer. Using a mouse model of TLS dependent liver cancer we find that T cell exhaustion is prevalent in pro-tumorigenic TLSs in the liver, and dissect the cell types that are responsible for this immunopathologic state. Our studies of human tissues are in line with the notion that TLS dysfunction correlates with T cell exhaustion in TLSs.
Citation Format: Eli Pikarsky. The good and the bad sides of tertiary lymphoid structures in liver cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.