bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of castration-dependent and -independent driver genes and pathways in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Authors: Li Yan , Shi Hui , Zhao Zhenjun , Xu Minghui 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in the world. PCa inevitably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy treatment, and castration-resistant state means a shorter survival time than other causes. Here we aimed to define castration-dependent and -independent diver genes and molecular pathways in CRPC which are responsible for such lethal metastatic events. Methods: By employing digital gene expression (DGE) profiling , the alterations of the epididymal gene expression profile in the mature and bilateral castrated rat were explored. Then we detect and characterize the castration-dependent and -independent genes and pathways with two data set of CPRC-associated gene expression profiles publicly available on the NCBI.Results: We identified 1,632 up-regulated and 816 down-regulated genes in rat’s epididymis after bilateral castration. Differential expression analysis of CRPC samples compared with the primary PCa samples was also done. In contrast to castration, we identified 97 up-regulated genes and 128 down-regulated genes that changed in both GEO dataset and DGE profile, and 120 up-regulated genes and 136 down-regulated genes changed only in CRPC, considered as CRPC-specific genes independent of castration. CRPC-specific DEGs were mainly enriched in cell proliferation, while CRPC-castration genes were associated with prostate gland development. NUSAP1 and NCAPG were identified as key genes, which might be promising biomarkers of the diagnosis and prognosis of CRPC. Conclusions: Our study will provide insights into gene regulation of CRPC dependent or independent of castration and will improve understandings of CRPC development and progression.
Relationship between Remittances and Households’ Expenditures in Benin: ARDL Model Approach
Authors: Houessou Martial , Buysse Jeroen , Slosse Wannes 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current state of the art on the relationship between remittances and households’ expenditures has remained inconclusive. This study contributes to the debate by investigating this relationship both in the short and long run taking evidence from Benin. World Bank open data from 1974 to 2019 were analyzed using the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to cointegration model. The study found no long run relationship between remittances and households' expenditures. In the short run, the relationship is found to be positive and significant. This demonstrates that remittances received by households increase their expenditures only in the short run. Control variables such as official development assistance and trade openness used as are found to be negatively associated with households' expenditures. An increase of any of these, does not result to an increase in households’ expenditures both in short and long run. To conclude, the study recommends policymakers in countries like Benin to design and implement policies that encourage remittance inflows (among all other foreign capital inflows) and promote its efficient use by remittance-receiving households as it can contribute to poverty reduction.
Typology of dairy camel farms in the Ouargla region
Authors: Tidjani Yamina , Adamou Abdelkader 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to characterize camel production systems in the Ouargla region, located in the northern part of the Algerian Sahara. Data were collected from 70 camel farmers using questionnaires. We studied the socioeconomic status of breeders; as well as herd structure and composition, breeding management, and dromedary products and income. Subsequently, a typology was established using multiple correspondence factorial analysis (MCA) and hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC), which identified four groups of farmers. The First group comprises 11 fattener breeders with low educational levels, having large or medium-sized meat herds with high commercial objectives. The second Group includes phoeniculture-camel farms that consist of 22 camel milk producers, 7 of whom were regular milk sellers. The third Group consists of 5 multi-active farmers; with a large market of young camels (for meat), hair, and milk. Fourth group is composed of 32 agro-breeders and public servants who maintain small herds with low commercial management.
Identification of Soil Fungi and Factors that Affect their Prevalence across Different Ecological niche of Mizan Tepi University, Tepi Campus
Authors: Tefera Tsion , Alemayehu Memar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fungi have a role in the breakdown of organic matter and the delivery of nutrients to plants. Because Ethiopia's economy is based on agriculture, soil biology and soil microorganism must be thoroughly researched. The main objective of this research work was to isolate and identify fungi from the soil. The study was conducted at Mizan Tepi University, Tepi campus. An experimental study design was carried out to determine soil fungi. Soil samples were collected from three distinct sites (garden, construction, and forest sites of the campus). The samples were taken from near roots, at a depth of 10 cm and a weight of 300g. The soil collected from the gardens, forest, and construction site has deep black, black and red color respectively. Fungi were detected in a soil sample taken from construction site. The pH value of the three sites was found in the range of 5.5-5.8. In addition, the nitrogen content of garden, forest, and construction soil was 0.151%, 0.23%, and 0.0035% respectively. Besides, the phosphorus content of the soil sample was 4, 6, and 2 in garden, forest and construction sites respectively.
Risk factors for dexmedetomidine-associated bradycardia during spinal anesthesia: retrospective study
Authors: Ahn EunJin , Kim Hyo-Jin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Sedation with dexmedetomidine is needed for patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. However, dexmedetomidine sedation increases the incidence of bradycardia. We aimed to identify and evaluate risk factors for bradycardia in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine sedation.Methods: The records of 91 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia with sedation using dexmedetomidine were reviewed retrospectively. For this study, we identified 15 characteristics of included patients from this group who underwent lower leg surgery and had an estimated blood loss of <300 mL. We collected details on potential risk factors for bradycardia from their clinical records. These factors included age, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, height, weight, sensory level of spinal anesthesia, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, loading and maintenance dose of dexmedetomidine, tourniquet time, initial diastolic and systolic blood pressure, initial heart rate (HR), and anesthesia and surgery duration. The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of bradycardia. We identified potential risk factors using logistic regression analysis.Results: The incidence of bradycardia was seen in 23 (25.3%) of 91 patients. Initial HR and tourniquet time were significant individual predictive factors for the occurrence of bradycardia. Logistic regression analysis showed that adjusted baseline HR and duration of tourniquet use were risk factors for bradycardia.Conclusion: Patients should be monitored when undergoing spinal anesthesia with sedation using dexmedetomidine for bradycardia when they have a long tourniquet time. A low initial HR could also be a predictive factor for bradycardia.
Development and experimental verification of C-arm camera shooting locator
Authors: Yang Jun , Yang Lin , JON TAE GYONG , Fang Zejun , Jin Peng , Hong Zhenghua , Ye Fei , Wang Jiawen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop a self-made C-arm camera shooting locator and verify its accuracy and advantages. Methods: A total of 60 physicians and nurses from the Surgical System of Sanmen People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, were randomly selected as filming operators. The C-arm machine with a self-made locator and a C-arm machine without a locator were used to measure the center of the circular plate. The iron nails were used to shoot. The distance between the iron nail and the center point of the circular display area on display was defined as the shooting deviation. When it was less than 3 cm, the shooting was stopped. The number of shots, total shooting time, and first-shot deviation in the C-arm camera shooting groups with and without the locator were statistically analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two were compared. Results: The average number of shots, average total shooting time, and average first-shot deviation of the C-arm camera using the locator were significantly better than those in the group without the locator, and the differences were statistically significant. When the shooting distance (X) was equal to 30 cm and the shooting angle (Y) was equal to 0°, the average number of shots, average total shooting time, and average first-shot deviation were optimal. Conclusions: The C-arm camera shooting locator can improve the shooting accuracy of the C-arm camera and effectively reduce the number of shots and total shooting time. Hence, it can be applied in clinical and surgical practice.
A Novel Mask Electrochemical Additive and Subtractive Combined Manufacturing Technique for Microstructures with High Machining Performance
Authors: Zhang Yan , Deng Xinhao , Wu Chuandong , Han Guofeng , Zhang Jie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a novel mask electrochemical additive and subtractive combined manufacturing technique was proposed. This is a machining method at the atomic level, and it can be used to produce metal microstructures with high profile accuracy and low surface roughness. Due to the accumulation of electric field lines during mask electrochemical deposition, the height of the edges of the microcolumns is usually twice or more the height of the central position in the deposition plane. A combined machining method based on the electric-field constraint of the mask is thus proposed to improve the accuracy of the profile and its surface roughness. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by both simulations and experiment. The height difference between the column center and the surrounding layer on the surface of nickel microcolumns was reduced from 13 to 2 µm, and the roughness of the tops of the microcolumns was also improved. Experiments to examine electrolysis leveling were carried out to verify the correctness of the results of the simulations and theoretical calculations. Finally, the parameters were optimized using orthogonal experiments, and an array of nickel microcolumns with a diameter of 200 µm and a height of nearly 50 µm was obtained using these optimal parameters. The profile accuracy and surface roughness of the high-precision microcolumn array were improved by using the mask electrochemical additive and subtractive combined machining technique, and a high-precision microcolumn array structure was manufactured.
Nutrient resorption of two dominant species in response to grazing intensity in desert grassland
Authors: Zhao Qingge , Liu Chen , Wang Yunbo , Sun Hailian , Bisseling Ton , Han Guodong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aims: Nutrition resorption in senescing leaves is critical mechanisms of nutrient preservation for the acclimatized plant especially in the barren desert steppe. As more frequent utilization of grassland resources in Inner Mongolia, the long-term grazing has a substantial impact on Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) cycling processes, and eventually disrupt the balance of nutrient supply and demand in desert grassland ecosystems.Methods: A two-year field experiment for Cleistogenes songorica (C. squarrosa) and Stipa breviflora (S. breviflora) was explored to determine the effects of grazing intensity on nutrient resorption using a 15-year continuous grazing platform in desert grasslands in northern China.Results: The N and P in mature leaves of C. squarrosa increased with moderate grazing and heavy grazing, while the P of mature leaves of C. squarrosa dropped with heavy grazing. S. breviflora showed a dissimilar response, as both moderate grazing and heavy grazing enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus resorption (N(P)RE) of S. breviflora, and the N(P)RE of C. squarrosa showed a trend consistent with it in moderate grazing but was reduced in heavy grazing. The variance in nutrient resorption was most strongly regulated by the N and P of mature and senescing leaves and soil moisture content.Conclusions: Our findings reveal that grazing intensity has essential effects on plant nutrient resorption in desert grasslands. Nutrient resorption is basically regulated by soil moisture content and mature leaf nutrition concentration. The short-term extreme weather, such as frost, may potentially cause irreversible alterations in plant nutrient resorption.
Thermal stable properties of solid hybrid nanoparticles for mixed convection flow with slip features
Authors: Lund Liaquat Ali , Yashkun Ubaidullah , Guedri Kamel , Khan Sami Ullah , Khan M. Ijaz , Kumam Poom 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Hybrid nanofluid is a modified form of nanofluid which is beneficial for improving energy transfer efficiency. In current investigation, solid nanoparticles aluminum (ΦAl2O3) and copper (ΦCu) have been mixed with water to produce a new hybrid nanofluid. The investigation of a steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow of the resultant hybrid nanofluid on a vertical exponential shrunk surface in the existence of porous, magnetic, thermal radiation, velocity, and thermal slip conditions is carried out. Exponential similarity variables are adopted to transform the nonlinear partial differential equation (PDEs) into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which has been then solved by employing the shooting method in Maple 2018 software. The obtained numerical results such as coefficient of skin friction f''(0), heat transfer rate -θ'(0), velocity f'(η) and temperature (θ(η)) distributions are presented in the form of different graphs. The results revealed that duality exists in solution when the suction parameter S ≥ Sci in assisting flow case. Due to non-uniqueness of solutions, a temporal stability analysis needs to be performed and the result indicates that the upper branch is stable and realizable compared to the lower branch.
A novel, rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of ethanol in non- alcoholic beverages with pre-column derivatization and simultaneous UV and fluorescence detection
Authors: Albaseer Saeed S. , Dören László 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Determination of the ethanol content in non-alcoholic beverages is driven by health concerns and is often imposed by regulating agencies. In this paper, we present the development of a simple and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of ethanol in Juices and beverages. Ethanol undergoes precolumn derivatization using 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (Fmoc-Cl). The resulting derivative has the property that it can be detected using both UV and fluorescence detectors, which makes ethanol quantification in complex matrices more accessible. LOD and LOQ were 0.004 g/L and 0.01 g/L %, for fluorescence detector, and 0.15 g/L and 0.5 g/L, for UV detector, respectively. The mean recovery ranged from 98–109% with a relative standard deviation (RSD%) of 3.7%. This approach to ethanol determination is novel and the method is so sensitive that only a 100 µL sample volume is required and the reaction product (derivative) can be directly injected without extraction or pre-concentration. The resulting derivative has the property that it can be detected using both UV and fluorescence. Ethanol is usually determined by GC, thus, the present method serves as an alternative to current GC methods.
ETV4 mediated tumor-associated neutrophil recruitment promotes lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Sen , Wang Hongjin , Xiao Kanghua , Lu Junlin , Chen Siting , Huang Ming , Xie Ruihui , Chen Xu , Lin Tianxin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been reported to aid tumor cells in metastasis. However, little is known whether TANs are involved in the most common malignancy of the urinary tract, bladder cancer. Here, we find that TANs infiltration is increased in LN-metastatic BCa and is associated with poor prognosis. Neutrophil depletion results in significant reduction in popliteal LN metastasis and lymphangiogenesis. Mechanistically, transcription factor ETV4 enhances BCa cells-derived CXCL1/8 to recruit TANs, leading to the increase of VEGFA and MMP9 from TANs, and then facilitating lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of BCa. Moreover, phosphorylation of ETV4 at tyrosine 392 by tyrosine kinase PTK6 increases nuclear translocation of ETV4 and is essential for its function in BCa. Overall, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of how tumor cells regulate TANs-induced lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis, and identify ETV4 as a therapeutic target of LN metastasis in BCa.
Calcium isotopes as a biomarker for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dosseto Anthony , Lambert Kelly , Hassan Hicham I. Cheikh , Borst Addison , Fuller Andrew , Dux Florian , Lonergan Maureen , Tacail Theo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem affecting ~10% of the global population. The largest contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD is cardiovascular disease, also the leading cause of death in those with kidney failure. One of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular risk is vascular calcification, however due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic tools it is not routinely screened. In this study, we investigate whether naturally occurring calcium (Ca) isotopes in serum or urine could be used as a non-invasive marker of vascular calcification in CKD. We recruited 28 controls, 9 participants with mild-moderate CKD, 22 undertaking dialysis and 19 who received a kidney transplant. While we found no significant association of urine Ca isotope composition between the different groups, Ca isotope compositions in serum were significantly different between groups (p<0.01). Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis shows that serum Ca isotopes are a very good diagnostic test for detecting medial calcification (AUC = 0.818, sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 77.3%, p<0.01) and perform better than existing biomarkers. As a minimally invasive diagnostic tool, serum Ca isotopes have the potential to be used as an early screening test for vascular calcification.
Genome-wide identification of Biotin Carboxyl Carrier subunits of Acetyl- CoA Carboxylase in Brassica and their role in stress tolerance in oilseed Brassica napus
Authors: Megha Swati , Wang Zhengping , Kav Nat N. V. , Rahman Habibur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) is a subunit of Acetyl CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) which catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in a committed step during the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids. Plant lipids, lipid metabolites, and lipid-metabolizing and -modifying enzymes are known to play a role in biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this regard, an understanding of the Brassica napus BCCP genes would benefit the researchers to improve this oilseed crop for resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses.
Results
In this study, we identified 43 BCCP genes in five Brassica species based on published genome data. Among them, six, seven, seven, 10 and 13 BCCP homologs were identified Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea, Brassica nigra, Brassica napus and Brassica juncea, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis categorized them into five classes, each with unique conserved domains. The promoter regions of all BCCP genes contained stress related cis-acting elements as determined by cis-element analysis. We identified four and three duplicated gene pairs (segmental) in B. napus and B. juncea respectively, indicating the role of segmental duplication in the expansion of this gene family. The Ka/Ks ratios of orthologous gene pairs between Arabidopsis thaliana and five Brassica species were mostly less than 1.0, implying that purifying selection, i.e., selective removal of deleterious alleles, played a role during the evolution of Brassica genomes. Analysis of 10 BnaBCCP genes using qRT-PCR showed a different pattern of expression because of exposure of the plants to biotic stresses, such as, clubroot and sclerotinia disease, and abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and salt.
Conclusions
The identification and function analysis of the Brassica BCCPs demonstrated that some of these genes might play an important role in biotic and abiotic stress responses. The results from this study could lay the foundation for better understanding of these genes for the improvement of Brassica crops for stress tolerance.
A Joint Learning Model to Extract Entities and Relations for Chinese Literature Based on Self-Attention
Authors: Liang Lixin , Lin E , Wen Wushao , Li Kun , Xu Qin , Huang Guoyan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Extracting structured information from massive and heterogeneous text is a hot research topic in the field of natural language processing. It includes two key technologies: named entity recognition (NER) and relation extraction (RE). However, previous NER models rarely consider about the influence of mutual attention among words in the text on the prediction of entity labels, and there are few researches on how to more fully extract sentence information for relational classification. In addition, previous researches treat NER and RE as a pipeline of two separated tasks, neglecting the connection between them. Moreover, these research works are mainly focused on English corpus. Motivated by this, we propose a Chinese NER method based on BiLSTM(Bidirectional Long-Short-Term-Memory)-Self-Attention-CRF(Conditional Random Fields), and a RE method based on BiLSTM-Multilevel-Attention in the field of Chinese literature. In particular, considering the relationship between NER and RE tasks in terms of word vector and context feature representation in the context of neural network, a joint learning method for these two tasks is proposed, which can jointly update the parameters of the shared module during the training process. Experimental results show that the proposed independently-trained NER and RE models achieve better performance than almost all previous methods, and the joint NER-RE training model outperforms each algorithm alone.
Authenticable medical image-sharing scheme based on embedded small shadow QR code and blockchain framework（China MM）
Authors: Wen Wenying , Jian Yunpeng , Fang Yuming , Zhang Yushu , Qiu Baolin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the field of medical image content protection and security sharing, the introduction of blockchain technology has a problem in that the secret key may be lost and cannot be recovered. Therefore, this paper proposes an authenticable medical image-sharing scheme based on an embedded small shadow QR code and a blockchain framework. First, a small shadow image is obtained by employing a secret image-sharing method based on the Chinese remainder theorem. Then, the shadow image is embedded into a QR code with error correction. This not only ensures the security and integrity of the shadow image transmission in the public channel but also avoids the problem where the secret key is lost and cannot be recovered. Compared with some existing excellent schemes, our scheme adopts a hash bit stream for authentication purposes and employs smart contracts to authenticate and restore secret images, thus reducing the local load. In addition, experiments validate that the recovered secret medical image is lossless and that the cover QR code is more robust and secure. This method is suitable for medical image content protection and security sharing.