bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Analysis of the Droplet‐Stimulated Laryngeal Adductor Reflex in High‐Speed Sequences
Authors: Fast Jacob Friedemann , Oltmann Andra , Spindeldreier Svenja , Ptok Martin 
Published: February 2022

Objectives/HypothesisThe laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is an important protective mechanism of the airways. Its physiology is still not completely understood. The available methods for LAR evaluation offer limited reproducibility and/or rely on subjective interpretation. A new approach, termed Microdroplet Impulse Testing of the LAR (MIT‐LAR), was recently introduced. Here, the LAR is elicited by a droplet and a laryngoscopic high‐speed recording is acquired simultaneously. In the present work, image‐processing algorithms for autonomous MIT‐LAR sequence analysis were developed. This allowed the automated approximation of kinematic LAR parameters in humans.Study DesignDevelopment and testing of computational methods.MethodsComputational image processing enabled the autonomous estimation of the glottal area, the glottal angle, and the vocal fold edge distance in MIT‐LAR sequences. A suitable analytical representation of these glottal parameters allowed the extraction of seven relevant LAR parameters. The obtained values were compared to the literature.ResultsA generalized logistic function showed the highest average goodness of fit among four different analytical approaches for each of the glottal parameters. Autonomous sequence analysis yielded bilateral LAR response latencies of (229 ± 116) ms and (182 ± 60) ms for cases of complete and incomplete glottal closure, respectively. The initial/average/maximum angular vocal fold adduction velocity was estimated at (157 ± 115) °s−1/(891 ± 516) °s−1/(929 ±  583) °s−1 and (88 ± 53) °s−1/(421 ± 221) °s−1/(520 ± 238) °s−1 for complete and incomplete glottal closure, respectively.ConclusionThe automated extraction of LAR parameters from laryngoscopic high‐speed sequences can potentially increase the objectiveness of optical LAR characterization and reduce the associated workload. The proposed methods may thus be helpful for future research on this vital reflex.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:2412–2419, 2022
Oxidation at 1250°C of {Cr, Ta}‐rich carbides‐strengthened {Ni, Co}‐based alloys
Authors: Berthod Patrice , Gomis Jean‐Paul , Aranda Lionel , Schweitzer Thierry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThermogravimetry tests were performed for 70 h at 1250°C in the air for six TaC‐strengthened alloys with different values of the Ni/Co ratio. The oxidation and chromia volatilization rates were specified, and the formed oxides were characterized. Metallographic observations show that the alloys rich in Ni (from ≈70 to ≈25 wt.% Ni) stayed chromia‐forming until the end of the 70 h. In contrast, catastrophic oxidation locally started in the case of the Co‐based alloys, which are too poor in Ni. The numerical exploitation of the mass gain files was done taking into account the mass loss induced by the chromia volatilization phenomenon. Results clearly showed a regular increase in oxidation parabolic constant when Ni is more and more replaced by Co.
In situ growth process and corrosion resistance of a layered double‐hydroxide film on an LA103Z magnesium–lithium alloy
Authors: Zhang Jumei , Duan Xin , Hou Anrong , Li Jiacheng , Lian Duoduo , Zhang Mengchun , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA layered double‐hydroxide (Mg–Al LDH) film was grown in situ on an LA103Z magnesium alloy in an aluminum nitrate solution at 90°C by adjusting the hydrothermal reaction time. The Mg–Al LDH film comprised Mg–Al LDH and Mg(OH)2, which was obtained after hydrothermal treatment for 24 h, and was thick and dense, with a uniform and compact LDH sheet growing perpendicular to the surface. The LDH sheet showed the best corrosion resistance, and both the Rp and icorr values were two orders of magnitude higher than those of the LA103Z substrate. Nevertheless, the corrosion resistances of the LDH films obtained after treatment for 12 and 30 h were poor owing to the small film thickness and the loose film structure, respectively. Therefore, an appropriate extension of the hydrothermal reaction time can promote the nucleation and growth of LDH and improve the corrosion resistance of the film. When the hydrothermal reaction time exceeded 24 h, the LDH began to dissolve, and the corrosion resistance of the film decreased.
Adaptive Management in Practice and the Problem of Application at Multiple Scales—Insights from Oyster Reef Restoration on Florida’s Gulf Coast
Authors: Pine W. E. , Johnson F. A. , Frederick P. C. , Coggins L. G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Adaptive management has been adopted as the standard approach to inform the multi-billion-dollar post-Deepwater Horizon coastal restoration programs in the Gulf of Mexico. An adaptive management process can help restoration projects at multiple spatial scales—from local shorelines to entire ecosystems—by identifying critical uncertainties and guiding restoration actions away from trial and error and toward an evidence-based approach. Based on our experiences, we identify challenges that must be overcome in developing large-scale adaptive management in the Gulf of Mexico. We demonstrate how the likelihood of restoration success for eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica and other resources could increase through (1) better matching monitoring efforts and funding with on-the-ground restoration efforts and (2) coordinating similar research projects at multiple scales to share challenges, solutions, and knowledge by creating spatially and temporally replicated restoration projects to identify best restoration practices. We agree with recent U.S. National Academy of Science assessments that adaptive management offers the best framework to guide restoration in the Gulf of Mexico, but we challenge practitioners, policymakers, and managers to recognize the need for strong leadership to implement this framework as originally proposed (but rarely practiced), so that opportunities for learning are not lost.
Double vascularized fibula growth plate transfer for the reconstruction of long segmental tibia in pediatric patients: Report of three cases
Authors: Ozols Dzintars , Protasa Jana , Bergmanis Uldis , Berezovska Marisa Maija , Kalnina Linda , Ozola Santa , Petersons Aigars 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a common bone tumor for pediatric patients that has a complex treatment including chemotherapy and radical surgical resection. There are few functional leg reconstruction possibilities described in the literature for pediatric patients due to limited growth potential. The aim of this report is to show long‐term results using double vascularized growth plate flaps for the long segmental tibial reconstruction in growing children with satisfactory functionality and preserved limb growth without the use of permanent foreign materials. Three patients with sarcoma in the proximal part of the tibial bone were treated with complex therapy that included preoperative chemotherapy, radical resection of proximal metaepiphysis with tibial growth plate and half of the diaphysis and transplantation of double fibula growth plate flaps—the pedicled ipsilateral and the contralateral as a microvascular flap. The first patient, a male, 13 year with periosteal sarcoma, underwent 17 cm tibial resection with transplantation of the ipsilateral fibula 20 cm and contralateral fibula 20.1 cm, and continued follow‐up for 6 years. The second patient, a male, 6 years of age with osteosarcoma, had 14 cm tibial resection with 16 cm ipsilateral and 16.1 cm contralateral fibular transplantation, continued follow‐up for 5 years. The third patient, a female, 12 years of age with osteosarcoma, underwent 14 cm tibial resection with 15.4 cm ipsilateral and 15.9 cm contralateral fibular transplantation, and current follow‐up of 1 year. Double fibular growth plate transfer is limb‐sparing method for a proximal tibial reconstruction with natural growth potential for the pediatric patients.
Highly stable mixed halide perovskite quantum dots synthesized in the presence of fluorous ligands
Authors: Choi Sinil , Kim Gyeong‐Ju , Ko Yun‐Hyuk , Lee Ji‐Eun , Lee Seung‐Jae , Zheng Xiangming , Hong Sujin , Park Jea‐Gun , Lee Kwang‐Sup , Prabhakaran Prem 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work probes the potential of fluorous fatty acids as stabilizing ligands in the synthesis of mixed halide perovskite quantum dots (MHP QDs). Traditionally, MHP QDs are synthesized in the presence of oleic acid (OA) and oleyl amine (OAm). Here fluorous fatty acids have been used along with OA and OAm to yield MHP QDs with higher stability. Increased fractions of fluorous molecules in reaction mixture require the process to be carried out at a higher temperature due to the distinctive temperature‐dependent mixing behavior of perfluorinated ligands. Best of fluorous acid functionalized QDs in solution showed a 9% decrease in their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) over 30 days compared to 27% in those without. The composition of fluorous fatty acids during synthesis influences the size, form and optical properties of MHP QDs. Further in situ addition of non‐carboxylic acid fluorous ligands (thiols) are also shown to the give similar improvements in stability and optical properties of MHP QDs. The in situ fluorous ligand functionalization studied in this work presents a new method to improve the stability of MHP‐QD while providing a thermally controlled handle to tune the structure of nanoparticle films.
Evolution process and stabilization mechanism of different gas nanobubbles based on improved statistical analysis
Authors: Kuang Yangmin , Feng Yu , Dong Hongsheng , Yang Lei , Zheng Yanpeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNanobubbles (NBs) have attracted increasing attention due to their unique physicochemical characteristics and enormous potential industrial applications in the biology, environment, medicine, and many other fields. A complete understanding of the underlying stability mechanism of NBs is an essential requirement for their research, development, and industrial applications. In this study, a facile and reliable approach to generating different gas NBs using a porous ceramic membrane is reported. In addition, an improved method of statistical analysis to predict NB size distribution is proposed. The results indicated that the gas NBs presented a log‐normal distribution due to an underlying Ostwald ripening process. The concentration of NBs in solution was controlled by the gas type owing to different magnitude of molecular polarizability of dissolved gases. The mean size of the NB was inversely proportional to the surface charge density. Moreover, the NB stability lies in a special state at the bubble interface, not only because the presence of surface charges hinders collisions between bubbles, but also because the degree of gas supersaturation of molecules around bubbles resulting in gas exchange has a certain stabilizing effect, and also controls the evolution of particle size distribution (PSD) for different bulk NBs.
Performance of eco‐friendly particleboard from agro‐industrial residues bonded with formaldehyde‐free natural rubber latex adhesive for interior applications
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Aprilliana Nana , Asmara Sandi , Bakri Samsul , Hidayati Sri , Banuwa Irwan Sukri , Lubis Muhammad Adly Rahandi , Iswanto Apri Heri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, a novel way is proposed to produce an eco‐friendly and formaldehyde‐free particleboard (PB) panel from agro‐industrial residues bonded with natural rubber latex (NRL)‐based adhesive. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) was added as an adhesion promoter and polymeric 4,4‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as cross‐linker. Different formulations of agro‐industrial residues (cassava stem, sengon wood waste, and rice husk) and different contents of NRL‐adhesive (10%, 15%, and 20%) were applied to prepare the PB panel. Several techniques were performed to characterize the properties of NRL‐based adhesive and to evaluate the performance of PB panels from agro‐industrial residues bonded with NRL‐based adhesive. The blending of NRL and PVOH resulted in weak hydrogen bonds in the polymer blends. Incorporation of pMDI provided NCO groups as the reactive site for cross‐linking with NRL‐PVOH via urethane linkages. The results showed that no remarkable differences in the physical properties of the PB panel, such as density, moisture content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, with different agro‐industrial residues formulations and NRL‐adhesive content. By contrast, greater NRL‐adhesive content affected the mechanical properties of the PB panel. The best mechanical properties of the PB panel were obtained using a formulation of 40% of cassava stem, 30% of sengon wood waste, 30% of rice husk, and bonded with 20% of NRL‐adhesive content, which resulted in 4.02 MPa of modulus of rupture (MOR), 441.00 MPa of modulus of elasticity (MOE), and 0.19 MPa of internal bonding (IB) strength. A combination of agro‐industrial residues particles and NRL‐based adhesive presented a high potential for application as an eco‐friendly, formaldehyde‐free, and non‐structural PB such as interior applications.
Eugenol restrains abdominal aortic aneurysm progression with down‐regulations on NF‐κB and COX‐2
Authors: Zhai Ziyi , Zhang Xianjing , Ding Yuchao , Huang Ziming , Li Qian , Zheng Mingyue , Cho Kenka , Dong Zhihui , Fu Weiguo , Chen Zaixing , Jiang Baohong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a lethal disease without available medicine for treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of eugenol (4‐allyl‐2‐methoxyphenol) against AAA and the underlying mechanism. Eugenol is the major bioactive component of clove. A mouse AAA model was established through porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) incubation peri‐adventitially and 1% 3‐aminopropanonitrile (BAPN) diet. Continuous AAA progression from day 0 to day 15 was observed after PPE plus BAPN treatment, according to the AAA diameter and histopathological evaluation. Accompanying with AAA progression, sustained increased expressions of CD68, COX‐2 and NF‐κB were observed through immunofluorescence assay. After elucidation the efficiency of eugenol against AAA progression by AAA diameter, hematoxylin–eosin staining and orcein staining, the down‐regulations of eugenol on COX‐2 and NF‐κB were further detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Eugenol not only blocked AAA expansion and protected the integrity of aortic structure in a dose‐dependent manner, but also held high oral bioavailability. Excellent efficiency, high oral bioavailability and down‐regulation on COX‐2/NF‐κB endowed eugenol great potential for future AAA therapy.
Self‐regulation in a stochastic model of chemical self‐replication
Authors: Borri Alessandro , d'Angelo Massimiliano , Palumbo Pasquale 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, we provide an analysis of noise propagation in a stochastic minimal model of chemical self‐replication, where a given species can duplicate itself normally. A feedback from the end product on the source, acting as an inhibitor transcription factor, is considered. Stochasticity involves the intrinsic noise affecting gene expression, which is assumed to happen in bursts. The use of a stochastic approach is a novelty within such a framework. The investigation involves the role of the feedback: how it impacts noise attenuation with respect to different modeling choices of stochastic transcription, and with respect to different strengths of the feedback action. The quantification of noise propagation is measured by means of the so called metabolic noise, that is, the coefficient of variation of the end product. Computations are carried out numerically, according to the stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) properly adapted for the proposed stochastic hybrid systems, as well as analytically: the latter has been achieved by exploiting the linear approximation of the nonlinear terms involved, since otherwise there are no closed loop solutions for the first‐ and second‐order moments. In such a way, noise propagation may be linked to the model parameters, with the SSA aiming at validating the approximated formulas. Results confirm the noise reduction paradigm with feedback.
Evaluating hydrological components and streamflow characteristics under conventional and adaptive multi‐paddock grazing management
Authors: Kim JungJin , Ale Srinivasulu , Teague W. Richard , Wang Tong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnhancing ecosystem services and improving water catchment functions are significant components of sustainable rangeland management. Different grazing management practices including the continuous season‐long heavy stocking (HS) and light stocking (LS), and adaptive multi‐paddock stocking (MPS) are adopted on rangelands around the world. Studies evaluating the effects of grazing management practices on streamflow characteristics are lacking. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to assess the impacts of HS (24 Animal Units [AU] per 100 ha), LS (12 AU/100 ha), and adaptive MPS (24 AU/100 ha) management practices on hydrological conditions and streamflow characteristics in the Lower Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River watershed in north Texas. The model was calibrated based on 36 years of measured daily streamflow data and then used to assess the variation in hydrological components and streamflow characteristics under different grazing management practices, and no grazing (EX). Results indicated that the adaptive MPS decreased surface runoff by 30.6 and 46.0%, streamflow by 15.6 and 23.6%, and Richards–Baker flashiness Index by 24.1 and 35.9%, while increasing Baseflow Index by 19.7 and 31.6% when compared to the continuous LS and HS, respectively. In addition, changing grazing management from HS or LS to MPS showed a general tendency to decrease the magnitude of high flows and increase the magnitude of low flows, thereby decreasing the frequency of occurrence of floods and droughts. Simulated hydrologic conditions under MPS and EX scenarios were similar. Overall, adaptive MPS was found to be an ideal grazing management practice for water conservation, streamflow stability, and reduction of flood and drought risk.
High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode Materials of Mo1‐xCoxS2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Lu Qiang , Wei Zhiqiang , Liang Jiahao , Li Chao , Li Ling , Ma Jinhuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCo‐doped Mo1‐xCoxS2(x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) nanoparticles with varying amounts of Co were compounded by hydrothermal channel. The microstructures of the samples were characterized. All the samples showed hexagonal structure, good crystallization, flower shape microspheres and agglomeration to a certain extent. Furthermore, the influence of Co doping on the electrochemical properties was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD), cycle stability and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). CV curves present quasi‐triangular shapes with good symmetry, doped Mo1‐xCoxS2 nanoparticles exhibit better specific capacitance and excellent cyclic stability than that of MoS2 samples. The capacity ratios of MCS‐3 electrodes maintains 96 % of its premier capacitance after 3000 cycles. The remarkable electrochemical properties embodied in CV proof were proved via the GCD measurements. Nyquist spectra of doped Mo1‐xCoxS2 electrodes reveal lower resistance and perfect conductivity. This work reveals that Co doping can further effectively the electrochemical properties of MoS2 nanomaterials.
Recent advances in the synthesis of five‐ and six‐membered heterocycles as bioactive skeleton: A concise overview
Authors: Jangir Nidhi , Poonam  , Dhadda Surbhi , Jangid Dinesh K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds play a tremendous role in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their association with diverse pharmacological properties. Most of the pharmaceutical drugs used in medicines possess a wide range of heterocyclic nucleus. It was decided basis on literature studies that various synthetic protocols like microwave‐assisted, nanocatalysed, green synthesis, click reaction, and multicomponent routes could be used for the betterment of the purity of products, selectivity, and better yields of the products. We have focused attention on the development of synthetic strategies of the above‐mentioned moieties because N‐, O‐ and S‐ containing heterocyclic compounds have seemed owing to a wide diversity of their biological activities viz. antioxidant, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiproliferative, anti‐obesity, antihyperglycemic, antihypercholesteroler, antiulcer, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, antibiotic, etc. In this review article, an overview of the applications of synthetic protocols for the preparation of five‐membered and six‐membered heterocyclic compounds containing two or more heteroatoms (O, N, S) at different‐different positions along with their different potent and competent candidates against various diseases is presented in last 10–15 years.
Modeling and Optimization of Ethanol to Ethylene Production over γ‐Al2O3 and CeZrO2 Catalysts Using RSM[1] Method
Authors: de Lima Alice Medeiros , Dantas Sandra Cristina , de Assis Adilson José , Hori Carla Eponina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCatalytic performance of catalysts is influenced by process conditions. In this work the influence of temperature, residence time and C2H5OH feed concentration was investigated in ethanol dehydration reaction using the response surface methodology (RSM) for γ‐Al2O3 and CeZrO2 catalysts. The γ‐Al2O3 was prepared using calcination method and CeZrO2 precipitation method. The process indicators (conversion, yield, selectivity) were modeled through the RSM method, and the equations obtained showed a good fit to the experimental data. The optimization results indicate different optimum conditions for each catalyst. For γ‐Al2O3 at 420 °C, 23.5 % of ethanol concentration and 0.65 gs/L, 0.6 molethylene/molethanol is obtained and total conversion. For CeZrO2 at 495 °C, 59 % ethanol concentration and 300 gs/L, 0.38 molethylene/molethanol is obtained and total ethanol conversion. Catalyst characterization was performed using, XRD (x‐ray diffraction), BET (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis), TPR (Temperature‐programmed reduction) and TPD (Temperature‐programmed desorption).
Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Anti‐diabetic Agents: Current Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Bhat Aeyaz Ahmad , Tandon Nitin , Tandon Runjhun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide and is becoming an epidemic in many countries. Sedentary lifestyles, less physical activity, environmental and genetic changes are some of the factors which are responsible for the disease. It is putting a lot of economic burden especially on developing and under developed countries. Hence there is a dire need for the management of this disease. The use of current available therapies is associated with one or more side effects or financial burden. From the past few years, pyrrolidine derivatives have grabbed much of the attention of the researchers for the development of the novel molecules that can be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. The current review attempts and aims at compiling the important work done in this relevant area which will help the researchers to design and synthesize the novel Pyrrolidine derivatives as antidiabetic agents with desired clinical outputs.