bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1983
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The peach variety used in this test was Elberta. All treatments were sprayed to the point of drip (400 to 500 gal/acre) with handguns at 400 to 500 lb/in2 on 9 Mar. Four single-tree replicates were used per treatment. Pretreatment counts were made by sampling five dormant twigs 8 in. long from each tree. The twigs were taken to the laboratory and total number of aphids per twig were counted with the aid of a binocular microscope. Posttreatment evaluations were made by counting the total number of colonies per tree. On the last two counts, five colonies per tree were taken and placed in a pint jar with 70% alcohol. These samples were later counted in the laboratory. The curled leaves were opened and washed with alcohol onto a square piece of nylon organdy. The aphids were counted with the aid of a binocular microscope.
Peach Insecticide Evaluations, 1983
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Walter Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to six single-tree replications in a randomized block design, using a Myers V7710-5E02G hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun. Trees were sprayed at 300 lb/in2 to the point of runoff. Dates of application were 18 Apr.--pink (P), 2 May--petal fall (PF), 10 & 11 May--shuck split (SS), 17 May--shuck fall (SF), covers (C) on 27 May, 9 Jun., 23 Jun., 8 Jul., and 21 Jul., Captan 50WP was applied separately by airblast sprayer to all treatments. Insecticides were evaluated for green peach aphid control by counting the total number of colonies per tree observed on 26 May. Because of freeze, only three of the six replications had a sufficient number of fruit to evaluate for cat-facing injury. All fruit on the trees was harvested in two pickings, on 24 Aug. and 1 Sep. Total fruit samples ranged from 57-355, averaging 159 per tree.
Peach, Cat-Facing and Mite Tests, 1983
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Eldridge M. Darrell 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied to a peach block containing cultivars Loring, Madison, Red Haven, and Sun High at Steeles Tavern. Each treatment consisted of four, single-tree replicates in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made with a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with a handgun attachment. Spray dates were 6 May (petal fall), 17 May (shuck split), 31 May, 13 Jun., 27 Jun., and 20 Jul. Mites were sampled using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per sample. Damage by PC, TPB and EU are combined under cat-facing. Cat-facing was evaluated by examining 50 fruit per tree on 21 Jun.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Strawberries, 1983
Authors: Trumble John T. , Nakakihara H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Tufts’ strawberries were transplanted 2 Nov., 1982, into drip irrigated, double-row raised beds. Beds were mulched with clear plastic approximately 1 week following transplanting. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates of each treatment. Each replicate consisted of two sub-beds (17 plants per sub-bed). I-secticides were applied on 9 Mar. and 25 May, using two hollow cone nozzles per row with D3, orifices, #33 cores and 50-mesh sceens. Operating pressure was 6.33 kg/cm2 and delivery rate was 1,402 liter/ha. All applications except those including MK-396 contained 0.04% spreader per sticker (Biofilm). Spider mite populations were assessed by collecting the oldest functional trifoliate leaf per plant for five plants per replicate and counting the numbers of (1) eggs, (2) larvae + nymphs + adult males, and (3) adult females for 8 weeks following the first application and for 3 weeks following the second application. The egg stage was not counted following the second (late season) treatment or for the week immediately after the first application.
Citrus Rust Mite Control (CRM), 1983
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Sorrell Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated four times on single-tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treatment trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 400 lb/in2 (ca. 12 gal per tree), using a truck-mounted sprayer on 22 and 23 June. Water pH was 6.3. Thirty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various times before and after spraying. A 1-cm2 area was examined on each of two shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of living motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Control of Citrus Red Mite on Lemons, 1982
Authors: Tuttle D.M. , Mullis C.H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two newer materials were compared with Vendex and Kelthane for control of the citrus red mite on lemons. Each treatment consisted of one-tree plots replicated four times. Applications were made 22 Mar. with a John Bean Sprayer using a hand-gun at 300 lb/in2, ca. 3 gal per tree (180 gal/acre). Mite counts were made in the grove with the aid of a 20X magnifying lens 3, 10, 14, and 21 days after spraying.
Evaluation Op Chemicals for Control Op Citrus Thrips on Lemons, 1983
Authors: Tuttle D.M. , Mullis C.H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six materials were tested for control of citrus thrips on Lisbon lemons at the Yuma Mesa Citrus Station during Apr. 1983. Each treatment consisted of 0.5-acre plots and was replicated four times. Sprays were applied with a Myers Speed Sprayer at a rate of 125 gal/acre and 400 lb/in2. Treatments were made at night on 7 Apr. Results represent the average number of thrips per terminal at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days following spraying. The black box technique was utilized for thrips counts. This method involves rapping the terminals on a 1/4 in. screen fitted over a 6 by 8-in. wood box, approximately 2 in. deep.
Bayberry Whitefly Control on Lemons, 1981
Authors: Walker G.P. , Carman G.E. , Pappas J.L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in Corona, Calif., and were three rows of trees; evaluations came from the middle row. Tree spacing was 20 by 20 ft. Experimental design was completely randomized. Each treatment was evaluated by counting the number of adult whiteflies from 80 (10 per tree; 8 trees) young growing shoots (terminals) which are the whitefly’s preferred feeding and oviposition sites.
Bayberry Whitefly Control on Lemons, 1981
Authors: Walker G. P. , Carman G. E. , Pappas J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were located in Irvine, and were three rows of trees; evaluations came from the middle row. Tree spacing was 12 by 22 ft. Experimental design was completely randomized. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of adult whiteflies on five terminals from each of eight trees per plot. All treatments except the Imidan/Lannate treatment included 2.5 gal/acre NR 415 oil.
Field Evaluation of Fenpropathrin Against A Mite Pest of Citrus Orchard in Japan, 1983
Authors: Fujita Y. , Kasamatsu K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots were set up in a citrus orchard at the Hiroshima Fruit Tree Experimental Station and at the Okitsu Branch, Fruit Tree Research Station, Shizuoka, Japan. Plot sizes were 1,400 m2 and 4,000 m2 . Each total-orchard treatment was applied with 4,000 liters per hectare with a motorized sprayer on 24 June 1980 and 16 June 1981. Single trees, each surrounded by untreated trees, were also used as fenpropathrin plots. Data are means of six replications in total-orchard treatment and three replications in the single-tree treatment, with adult mites recorded from the 60 randomly selected leaves per tree and expressed as a number per 100 leaves.
Control of Pecan Budmoth in the Nursery, 1983
Authors: Mizell Russell F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated on seedling pecans field grown in a nursery for control of the pecan budmoth. Treatments were applied using a 3 gal hand sprayer. A randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and four replications per treatment, was used. Each replicate consisted of 100 row-ft of seedlings. A random sample of 20 row-ft was chosen in each replicate for each evaluation. The number of pecan buds infested by the pecan budmoth was counted. Prespray counts averaged 10 infested buds per 20 row ft.
Supporting Safe and Independent Living: Findings, Themes and Concept Designs from a User-Centred Study on Digital Telecare
Authors: Taylor Andrea , Pizey Hugh , Whittet Craig 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Telecare technologies support people to live in the community safely. In the UK, the existing analogue telephone services for telecare will be switched off by 2025, as the telecommunications infrastructure is upgraded to digital connectivity. Internationally, analogue telephone services are also being decommissioned. The shift from analogue to digital presents a rare and major opportunity for new digital solutions that address current issues with adoption and use of telecare. This paper describes a user-centred study to design innovative digital telecare concepts. The main contributions are as follows: findings from user engagement activities, which identified issues that may be more important and less important to users; the synthesis of ideas generated through the design process, which identified four themes for future work in the field–community-based support, telecare you do not wear or notice, expand the use of telecare and introduce telecare earlier; and seven concept designs that illustrate how the themes could be approached.
A paediatric hospital care AMC report for Northern Ireland
Authors: Mallett Peter , McMichael Danielle , Hsia Yingfen , Moriarty Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is high on the agenda of healthcare policymakers and measurement of its impact is reliant on antimicrobial consumption (AMC) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data. Recent AMC reports have identified high antimicrobial prescribing rates in Northern Ireland (NI), compared with UK and European countries, but no separate paediatric data were reported.

Objectives
To describe AMC trends in paediatric and neonatal inpatient care in NI between September 2015 and September 2020, in order to: (i) create a paediatric-specific AMC report and benchmark for future AMS interventions; and (ii) develop an action plan for establishing paediatric AMC/AMR surveillance in NI.

Methods
AMC data, measured in monthly DDD, as well as hospital bed occupancy and admissions statistics were analysed. Hospital AMC was measured using several metrics and subdivided by level of paediatric and neonatal care, and by proportion of antibiotic use according to the WHO AWaRe classification.

Results
Paediatric-specific consumption in hospital care was 0.3–0.42 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day, representing approximately 10% of total AMC. There was variation in AMC rates between similar units. In some areas, an increasing proportion of Watch and Reserve antibiotic consumption was observed.

Conclusions
A baseline AMC dataset for paediatric and neonatal units across NI has been created. Continuous prospective collection and analysis of these data, along with AMR surveillance, would strengthen paediatric AMS programmes and provide crucial information for their resourcing. It is hoped that this report will act as a catalyst to galvanize paediatric AMS efforts regionally.
Optimizing the Use of Semiochemical-Based Traps for Efficient Monitoring of Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Validation of a Volumetric Approach
Authors: Ebbenga Dominique N , Burkness E C , Hutchison W D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, is an invasive insect, native to Japan. The species was detected in the United States in New Jersey in 1916, and then first confirmed in Minnesota in 1968. Since their arrival, P. japonica has become a major pest in turfgrass and several crop agroecosystems. As P. japonica continues to spread throughout the U.S., it’s important to discover more efficient ways to monitor adult populations. In 2018–2020, due to the high volume of P. japonica beetles collected in traps, a comparison of weight and volume calibration methods was conducted in Minnesota. Each method yielded a strong goodness of fit with counts of beetles captured. However, with a goal of cost-effective use of traps and in-field estimates, the volume-based approach was the preferred, most efficient method. In addition, a comparison of monitoring systems was conducted to observe differences in trap type, lure age, and check interval. Results from these studies indicate a standard green/yellow trap, and multi-component, semiochemical-based lure used for the duration of the P. japonica flight period, and a weekly check interval will minimize sampling time and resources, while providing accurate population estimates. In addition, results from these studies will benefit growers and researchers as they continue to explore integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for P. japonica. More importantly, by reducing the time required to quantify trap catches and rebait traps, these results may also facilitate area-wide tracking of P. japonica populations in newly invaded regions.
Medicine, Religion, and the Humanitarian Ethos: Walter B. Cannon, Unitarianism, and the Care of Spanish Republican Refugees in France
Authors: Arrizabalaga Jon , Martínez-Vidal Àlvar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Biographies of Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945) usually present two sides of his life: one, where he was an outstanding man of science in the United States during the so-called “Golden Age of Medicine,” and the other, where he was a leading humanitarian activist engaged in myriad causes, notably in the defense of Spanish democracy during the Civil War (1936-1939). However, these biographies fail to take into account that the apparent link between these two sides of his life was his religious conviction.
This study summarizes the aims and accomplishments of the American Medical Bureau to Aid the Spanish Democracy (AMBASD) of which Cannon was chair between 1937 and 1939. Then, it examines Cannon’s inspirational role on the international relief work with Spanish Republican refugees in France, through the case of the Varsovie Hospital of Toulouse that between 1945 and 1949 was jointly managed by the Unitarian Service Committee (USC) and the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee (JAFRC), and renamed Varsovie Hospital/Walter B. Cannon Memorial in recognition of the Spanish Republicans’ debt for his extraordinary contribution during the Spanish Civil War and beyond. Finally, the article investigates the Unitarian roots of Cannon’s humanitarian ethos by exploring the historical relations of this religious movement with science and with many major actors at Harvard University as well as the links of Cannon's relatives to Unitarianism.
The analysis reveals Unitarianism’s influence on Cannon’s views about science, democracy, and liberty, as well as on his remarkable involvement in the medical solidarity movement with the Second Spanish Republic and other similar commitments. In sum, it shows how important is to branch out in our studies of medical and scientific practice to include practitioners’ broader social and religious communities in order to understand their motivations, achievements, and behavior.
Shade and microbes enhance drought stress tolerance in plants by inducing phytohormones at molecular levels: a review
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Ahsan , Ahmad Bushra , Raza Ali , Adil Bilal , Hassan Javed Hafiz , Farooq Muhammad Umer , Ghafoor Abuzar , Iftikhar Hussain Muhammad , Shafiq Iram , Karim Hassan , Sun Xin , Yang Wenyu , Kocsy Gábor , Du Junbo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plants are frequently exposed to adverse environments during their life span. Among them drought stress is one of the major threats to agricultural productivity. In order to survive in such unstable environment, plants have developed mechanisms through which they recognize the severity of the stress based on the incoming environmental stimuli. To combat the detrimental effects of drought, the plants have evolved various strategies to modulate their physio-hormonal attributes. These strategies that can be modulated by shade and microbes contribute to enhancing tolerance to drought and reducing yield loss. Plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, auxin and ethylene have a major role in the shade- and microbe-associated improvement of drought tolerance through their effects on various metabolic pathways. In this process, the CLAVATA3/EMBRYOSURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 25 peptide has a major role due to its effect on ABA synthesis as shown in our regulatory model.
Writers-in-Residence: Women Teachers and the Formation of Character in Hardy’s Jude the Obscure
Authors: Memel Jonathan Godshaw 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article I argue that ‘the formation of the character’ of the teacher, a phrase coined by the pioneer of elementary-school training, James Kay-Shuttleworth, was of as much concern to the novelist as it was to the educationalist. Focusing on what became a classic depiction of Victorian teacher training in Jude the Obscure (1895), I situate Hardy among those educationalists and men of letters held responsible for refashioning character to suit the liberal currents of late nineteenth-century culture. Hardy read about the issue of formation in sources as varied as the letters of his sister Kate, who trained to be a teacher at Salisbury (1877–1879), and the reports of his acquaintance, and chief inspector of women’s training colleges (1885–1894), Joshua Fitch. At times his novel reflects the views of the inspectorate, but it also accommodates those who challenged the conception of the teacher that was otherwise imposed upon them. This article therefore contributes to recent interest in overlooked perspectives in the Victorian institution by addressing the ways in which women began shaping a profession in which they had become by far the largest constituent.
Cell wall biology of the mossPhyscomitrium patens
Authors: Ye Zheng-Hua , Zhong Ruiqin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe moss Physcomitrium (previously Physcomitrella) patens is a non-vascular plant belonging to the bryophytes that has been used as a model species to study the evolution of plant cell wall structure and biosynthesis. Here, we present an updated review of the cell wall biology of P. patens. Immunocytochemical and structural studies have shown that the cell walls of P. patens mainly contain cellulose, hemicelluloses (xyloglucan, xylan, glucomannan, and arabinoglucan), pectin, and glycoproteins, and their abundance varies among different cell types and at different plant developmental stages. Genetic and biochemical analyses have revealed that a number of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are functionally conserved between P. patens and vascular plants, indicating that the common ancestor of mosses and vascular plants had already acquired most of the biosynthetic machinery to make various cell wall polymers. Although P. patens does not synthesize lignin, homologs of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway genes exist in P. patens and they play an essential role in the production of caffeate derivatives for cuticle formation. Further genetic and biochemical dissection of cell wall biosynthetic genes in P. patens promises to provide additional insights into the evolutionary history of plant cell wall structure and biosynthesis.
The 2018 failed outburst of H 1743 – 322: Insight-HXMT, NuSTAR, and NICER views
Authors: Wang P J , Kong L D , Chen Y P , Zhang S , Zhang S N , Soria R , Ji L , Qu J L , Huang Y , Tao L , Ge M Y , Lu F J , Chen L , Li T P , Xu Y P , Cao X L , Chen Y , Liu C Z , Bu Q C , Cai C , Chang Z , Chen T X , Chen Y B , Cui W W , Du Y Y , Gao G H , Gao H , Gu Y D , Guan J , Guo C C , Han D W , Huo J , Jia S M , Jiang W C , Jin J , Li B , Li C K , Li G , Li W , Li X , Li X B , Li X F , Li Z W , Liang X H , Liao J Y , Liu B S , Liu H X , Liu H W , Liu X J , Lu X F , Luo Q , Luo T , Ma R C , Ma X , Meng B , Nang Y , Nie J Y , Ou G , Ren X Q , Sai N , Song L M , Song X Y , Sun L , Tan Y , Tuo Y L , Wang C , Wang L J , Wang W S , Wang Y S , Wen X Y , Wu B Y , Wu B B , Wu M , Xiao G C , Xiao S , Xiong S L , Yang R J , Yang S , Yang Yan Ji , Yang Yi Jung , Yi Q B , Yin Q Q , You Y , Zhang F , Zhang H M , Zhang J , Zhang P , Zhang W C , Zhang W , Zhang Y F , Zhang Y H , Zhao H S , Zhao X F , Zheng S J , Zheng Y G , Zhou D K 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We studied the 2018 outburst of the black hole transient H 1743 − 322 with a series of Insight-HXMT, NICER, and NuSTAR observations, covering the 1–120 keV band. With our broad-band X-ray spectral modelling, we confirm that the source remained in the low/hard state throughout the month-long outburst, although it became marginally softer at peak flux. We detected Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and followed the evolution of their properties. The QPO frequency increased from ∼0.1 to ∼0.4 Hz during the rising phase of the outburst and decreased again in the decline. Continuum X-ray flux, power-law photon index, QPO frequency, and QPO root-mean-square amplitude were positively correlated. The QPO amplitude was slightly higher in the soft X-ray band (typical values of 12–16 per cent, compared with 8–10 per cent in the hard band). Our spectral-timing results shed light on the initial rising phase in the low/hard state, which has rarely been monitored with such high cadence, time resolution, and broad-band coverage. Combining spectral and timing properties, we find that ‘failed’ (hard state only) and ‘successful’ outbursts follow the same initial evolutionary track, although the former class of outburst never reaches the threshold for a transition to softer (thermally dominated) accretion regimes.
Turning points in the age–metallicity relations – created by late satellite infall and enhanced by radial migration
Authors: Lu Yuxi (Lucy) , Ness Melissa K , Buck Tobias , Carr Christopher 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The present-day age–metallicity relation (AMR) is a record of the star formation history of galaxies, as this traces the chemical enrichment of the gas over time. We use a zoomed-in cosmological simulation that reproduces key signatures of the Milky Way (MW), g2.79e12 from the NIHAO-UHD project, to examine how stellar migration and satellite infall shape the AMR across the disc. We find in the simulation, similar to the MW, the AMR in small spatial regions (R, z) shows turning points that connect changes in the direction of the relations. The turning points in the AMR in the simulation are a signature of late satellite infall. This satellite infall has a mass radio similar as that of the Sagittarius dwarf to the MW (∼0.001). Stars in the apex of the turning points are young and have nearly not migrated. The late satellite infall creates the turning points via depositing metal-poor gas in the disc, triggering star formation of stars in a narrow metallicity range compared to the overall AMR. The main effect of radial migration on the AMR turning points is to widen the metallicity range of the apex. This can happen when radial migration brings stars born from the infallen gas in other spatial bins, with slightly different metallicities, into the spatial bin of interest. These results indicate that it is possible that the passage of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy played a role in creating the turning points that we see in the AMR in the Milky Way.