bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of whitening toothpaste on surface roughness and microhardness of human teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jamwal Navodita , Rao Ashwini , Shenoy Ramya , Pai Mithun , KS Aparna , BR Avinash 
Published: March 2022

Background: Whitening toothpastes exert a whitening effect on teeth through higher surface cleaning effectiveness resulting from the abrasive properties of the paste or specific chemical components. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conceptualized to examine the relationship between whitening toothpastes and surface roughness as well as microhardness of human teeth and to clarify the evidence base available around this relationship by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in this topic area, looking at in vitro randomized control trials. Methods: Criteria for including studies in the review were done based on population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study and studies were identified from electronic databases. Covidence® was used for data screening and data extraction. The CONSORT tool was used for checking relevant content and methodology used in each of the papers reviewed. Systematic review was done followed by meta-analysis, using Review Manager. Results: A total of 125 articles were obtained on key word search. After duplicate removal and title screening, 17 articles were eligible for full text review. Finally, 7 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on 4 studies. The forest plot for surface roughness showed that that the meta-analytic effect was statistically significant with surface roughness value being higher in the intervention group. The forest plot for microhardness showed that the meta-analytic effect was statistically significant with the microhardness value being lesser in the intervention group. Conclusions: Although whitening toothpastes typically can lighten tooth color by about one or two shades, there is some evidence to show that these toothpastes also affect the mineral content of teeth by increasing surface roughness and reducing microhardness. More evidence and further research are needed to identify the type of whitening agent which will whiten the tooth effectively while maintaining the integrity of the tooth structure.
Prevalence of medical students’ satisfaction with online education during COVID- 19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Hussein , Mohammed Omer , Mohammed Lamis , Mohamed Salih Dalia , Ahmed Mohammed , Masaod Ruba , Elhaj Amjad , Yassin Rawan , Elkhidir Ibrahim 
Published: March 2022

Background: Electronic (E)-learning is defined as the use of electronic tools for education, training, and communication. Education, among many other sectors, has been profoundly affected by the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). More than 90% of the world’s students are unable to attend teaching sessions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the published guidelines for meta-analysis and reviews (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. A database and electronic search was performed on September 21st, 2021 using PubMed, Medline and Embase through the OVID platform, and ScienceDirect. We removed duplicates, and screened the title, abstract, and full texts of included papers. We included studies published only in English and excluded studies without sufficient data, case reports, editorials, and protocols. The quality of included articles was examined using the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies, and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for observational case-control studies. From the included studies, demographic and satisfaction with online education (OE) prevalence data were extracted and analyzed. We calculated the pooled prevalence of medical students’ satisfaction. Results: Eighteen studies with a total sample of 7,907 students were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of medical students’ satisfaction with online education was 0.57 (95% CI: 47 - 67%). Publication bias was assessed and reported. Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of medical students’ satisfaction with online education was 53 %. Online learning satisfaction was associated with students’ prior experience with OE. The greatest benefit of OE is overcoming obstacles faced with learning Major challenges for implementing OE were technical and infrastructural resources.
„Raumkunst” autorstwa Teodora Axentowicza
Authors: Krzysztofowicz-Kozakowska Stefania 
Published: March 2022

Raumkunst by Teodor Axentowicz
Three exhibition arrangements analysed in the article – the halls of Polish artists on the exhibitions in St. Louis (1904), London (1906) and XI International Biennial of Art in Venice (1914) – allow us to consider Teodor Axentowicz as a precursor of the new form of organisation of the exhibition space within the Polish culture. This form was a pattern for the subsequent architects of exhibitions belonging to the Society of Polish Artists “Art”. Projects of Axentowicz perfectly fitted to the modern style of exhibition interior arrangement, which was promoted by the Viennese environment of “Secession” at the turn of the 20th century.
Omówienie wybranych angielskojęzycznych publikacji armenistycznych z roku 2020
Authors: Osiecki Jakub 
Published: March 2022

Presentation of chosen 2020 English publications in the field of Armenian studies
The article discusses a few chosen publications in the field of Armenian studies, published in the English language in 2020. It presents the books which were published primarily by the publishing house I.B. Tauris (Bloomsbury Publishing), the American Society for Armenian Studies, as well as by publishing houses Brill and Peter Lang.
Estudos sociais da infância na UnB: apontamentos a partir produção acadêmica
Authors: Voltarelli Monique Aparecida 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo é parte de um projeto de pesquisa sobre os Estudos da Infância nas produções da Universidade de Brasília, que buscou investigar as produções acadêmicas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas a fim de localizar indicativos sobre este campo científico. O texto apresentado refere-se aos dados do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. A pesquisa, de cunho bibliográfico e exploratório, utilizou o recorte temporal de 2014 a 2018 e se baseou no paradigma da infância, proposto por James e Prout (1990). Verificou-se indicativos do paradigma nos trabalhos analisados, bem como a utilização dos aportes metodológicos nas pesquisas com crianças. Entretanto pode-se dizer que, de modo geral, ainda é tímida a fundamentação teórica a partir da Sociologia da Infância nas temáticas investigadas, o que demonstra que as crianças ainda são pouco estudadas e compreendidas enquanto sujeitos de estudo por direito próprio e a infância demonstrou ser compreendida pela perspectiva desenvolvimentista.
Evaluation of a large group supervision model in a university student-led physiotherapy clinic
Authors: Moseley Jamie , Hellawell Michael , Graham Claire , Briggs Alison 
Published: March 2022

Background/Aims Clinical placements are a crucial aspect of training for student healthcare professionals, but the traditional 1:1 student–staff placement ratio puts a strain on placement capacity. This study evaluated a large group supervision model in physiotherapy in a university setting, looking at the student placement experience and patient outcomes. Methods The effectiveness of the supervision model was assessed using several indicators: student satisfaction, student performance, patient satisfaction and clinic contribution to placement capacity. Both students (n=34) and patients (n=85) filled out surveys to measure their satisfaction, and the results of the National Student Survey were also analysed in relation to the clinic and the wider physiotherapy course. Results Both patients and students reported high levels of satisfaction with the clinic and the placement model, with students noting the usefulness of the clinic in preparing them for work and increasing their employability. Summative assessment scores were also high. Overall, the clinic was able to provide 15–25% of the course's placement capacity per block. Conclusions The large group supervision model is just as effective, if not more so, than traditional placement models in terms of both capacity and quality, with very positive feedback from both students and patients. This method of training should be considered and researched further in other healthcare education contexts.
Evidence-related framing in the German debate on sugar taxation: a qualitative framing analysis and international comparison
Authors: Moerschel Katharina S. , von Philipsborn Peter , Hawkins Benjamin , McGill Elizabeth 
Published: March 2022

Background:Taxation of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages is considered a key policy for improving population-level nutrition. Implementation is influenced by the way evidence is used and framed in public debates. At this time, no sugar tax has been implemented in Germany.
Aims and objectives:This study aims to deepen the understanding of the political dynamics that influence the adoption of sugar taxes by analysing the use of evidence in the German media debate on sugar taxation and comparing its findings with analyses from other countries.
Methods:In 114 German newspaper articles, published between 01/2018 and 03/2019, we analysed the use and framing of evidence with an abductive thematic analysis approach. We compared our findings with analyses on the framing around sugar taxation from Mexico, the US and the UK.
Findings:Evidence was a salient component of the German debate. As in the comparison countries, evidence was used by both tax proponents and opponents but framed differently, for example, regarding problem definitions. However, the German debate relied more strongly on examples from other countries and less on economic arguments.
Discussion and conclusions:Our findings suggest that German tax proponents should proactively consider economic arguments and counter spurious arguments made by tax opponents. Researchers should be aware of their work’s potential international spillover effects, and public health advocates should correct expectations regarding the evidence on, and health effects of, isolated measures against obesity. To deepen the understanding of the German policy process, further research should involve social media, public documents and stakeholder networks.
The Midwifery Unit Self-Assessment (MUSA) Toolkit: embedding stakeholder engagement and co-production of improvement plans in European midwifery units
Authors: Rocca-Ihenacho Lucia , Yuill Cassandra , Thaels Ellen , Uddin Nazihah 
Published: March 2022

Background:For women with straightforward pregnancies midwifery units (MUs) are associated with improved maternal outcomes and experiences, similar neonatal outcomes, and lower costs than obstetric units. There is growing interest and promotion of MUs and midwifery-led care among European health policymakers and healthcare systems, and units are being developed and opened in countries for the first time or are increasing in number. To support this implementation, it is crucial that practice guidelines and improvement frameworks are in place, in order to ensure that MUs are and remain well-functioning.
Aims and objectives:This project focused on the stakeholder engagement and collaboration with MUs to implement the Midwifery Unit Self-Assessment (MUSA) Tool in European MUs. A rapid participatory appraisal was conducted with midwives and stakeholders from European MUs to explore the clarity and usability of the tool, to understand how it helps MUs identifying areas for further improvement, and to identify the degree of support maternity services need in this process.
Key conclusions:Engagement and co-production principles used in the case studies were perceived as empowering by all stakeholders. A fresh-eye view from the external facilitators on dynamics within the MU and its relationship with the obstetric unit was highly valued. However, micro-, meso- and macro-levels of organisational change and their associated stakeholders need to be further represented in the MUSA-Tool. The improvement plans generated from it should also reflect these micro-, meso- and macro-level considerations in order to identify the key actors for further implementation and integration of MUs into European health services.
Ultrathin flexible terahertz metamaterial bandstop filter based on laser-induced graphene
Authors: Zhang Rongxuan , Zong Guwei , Wu Shuangyue , Song Ruiqi , Zhang Xu , Ge Shijun , Hu Wei , Wang Lei , Lu Yanqing 
Published: March 2022

An ultrathin, flexible metamaterial filter operated at terahertz (THz) frequencies based on one-step

C
O

2

laser-induced graphene (LIG) is proposed. The effects of laser machining parameters on conductivity and THz transmittance of the LIG are investigated, and a bandstop filter is fabricated from an

∼

50

µ

m

polyimide film using the LIG method with relatively high laser power and scanning speed. At a blocking central frequency of 0.67 THz, the planar filter transmission is

∼

40

%

with only small variations for different bending angles. The simple, low-cost LIG method enables fabrication of THz metamaterial devices with great potential for THz imaging, sensing, and detection.
Programmable phase-change medium-assisted hyperbolic metamaterial as a dual-band nearly perfect absorber
Authors: Pourmand M. , Choudhury P. K. 
Published: March 2022

A programmable phase-change medium-based hyperbolic metamaterial with tunable perfect absorption in the visible and near-infrared regimes was investigated. The stochastic particle swarm optimization was used in the design process, followed by the transfer matrix method to further investigate the angle-invariant and polarization-insensitive spectral properties. Absorption

>

90

%

in the visible regime along with nearly perfect absorption (

>

99

%

) with 80 nm full width at half-maximum was achieved, which can be tuned in a range of 1.31–1.57 µm.
COMplex mental health PAThways (COMPAT) Study: A mixed methods study to inform an evidence-based service delivery model for people with complex needs: Study protocol
Authors: Saini Pooja , Martin Antony , McIntyre Jason , Balmer Anna , Burton Sam , Roks Hana , Sambrook Laura , Shetty Amrith , Nathan Rajan 
Published: March 2022

Background
Mental health services for adults, as they are currently configured, have been designed to provide predominantly community-based interventions. It has long been recognised that some patients have such significant clinical and/or risk needs that those needs cannot be adequately met within standard service delivery models, resulting in a pressing need to consider the best models for this group of people. This paper shares a protocol for a mixed methods study that aims to understand: the profile and history of service users described as having complex needs; the decision-making processes by clinicians that lead to complex needs categorisation; service users and carers experience of service use; and, associated economic impact. This protocol describes a comprehensive evaluation that aims to inform an evidence-based service delivery model for people with complex needs.

Methods
We will use a mixed methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative methods using in-depth descriptive and inferential analysis of patient records, written medical notes and in-depth interviews with service users, carers, and clinicians. The study will include five components: (1) a quantitative description and analysis of the demographic clinical characteristics of the patient group; (2) an economic evaluation of alternative patient pathways; (3) semi-structured interviews about service user and carer experiences; (4) using data from components 1–3 to co-produce vignettes jointly with relevant stakeholders involved in the care of service users with complex mental health needs; and, (5) semi-structured interviews about clinical decision-making by clinicians in relation to this patient group, using the vignettes as example case studies.

Discussion
The study’s key outcomes will be to: examine the resource use and cost-impact associated with alternative care pathways to the NHS and other sectors of the economy (including social care); explore patient health and non-health outcomes associated with alternative care pathways; and, gain an understanding of a complex service user group and how treatment decisions are made to inform consistent and person-centred future service delivery.
Genomic miscellany and allelic frequencies of Plasmodium falciparum msp-1, msp-2 and glurp in parasite isolates
Authors: Ullah Ibrar , Khan Asifullah , Israr Muhammad , Shah Mohibullah , Shams Sulaiman , Khan Waliullah , Shah Muzafar , Siraj Muhammad , Akbar Kehkashan , Naz Tahira , Afridi Sahib Gul 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
The genomic miscellany of malaria parasites can help inform the intensity of malaria transmission and identify potential deficiencies in malaria control programs. This study was aimed at investigating the genomic miscellany, allele frequencies, and MOI of P. falciparum infection.

Methods
A total of 85 P. falciparum confirmed isolates out of 100 were included in this study that were collected from P. falciparum patients aged 4 months to 60 years in nine districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Parasite DNA was extracted from 200µL whole blood samples using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. The polymorphic regions of msp-1, msp-2 and glurp loci were genotyped using nested PCR followed by gel electrophoresis for amplified fragments identification and subsequent data analysis.

Results
Out of 85 P. falciparum infections detected, 30 were msp-1 and 32 were msp-2 alleles specific. Successful amplification occurred in 88.23% (75/85) isolates for msp-1, 78.9% (67/85) for msp-2 and 70% (60/85) for glurp gene. In msp-1, the K1 allelic family was predominantly prevalent as 66.66% (50/75), followed by RO33 and MAD20. The frequency of samples with single infection having only K1, MAD20 and RO33 were 21.34% (16/75), 8% (6/75), and 10.67% (8/75), respectively. In msp-2, both the FC27 and 3D7 allelic families revealed almost the same frequencies as 70.14% (47/67) and 67.16% (45/67), respectively. Nine glurp RII region alleles were identified in 60 isolates. The overall mean multiplicity of infection for msp genes was 1.6 with 1.8 for msp-1 and 1.4 for msp-2, while for glurp the MOI was 1.03. There was no significant association between multiplicity of infection and age groups (Spearman’s rank coefficient = 0.050; P = 0.6) while MOI and parasite density correlated for only msp-2 allelic marker.

Conclusions
The study showed high genetic diversity and allelic frequency with multiple clones of msp-1, msp-2 and glurp in P. falciparum isolates in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In the present study the genotype data may provide valuable information essential for monitoring the impact of malaria eradication efforts in this region.
Community health workers experiences and perceptions of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria—A qualitative study
Authors: Olateju Zahra , Olufunlayo Tolulope , MacArthur Christine , Leung Charlotte , Taylor Beck 
Published: March 2022

Background
Community Health Workers are globally recognised as crucial members of healthcare systems in low and middle-income countries, but their role and experience during COVID-19 is not well-understood. This study aimed to explore factors that influence CHWs’ ability and willingness to work in the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos.

Design
A generic qualitative study exploring Community Health Workers experiences and perceptions of working during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods
15 semi-structured, in-depth, video interviews were conducted with Community Health Workers purposively sampled across seven of Lagos’ Local Government Areas with the highest COVID-19 burden. Interviews explored Community Health Workers’ attitudes towards COVID-19, its management, and their experiences working in Lagos. Data was analysed thematically using the framework method.

Results
Three main themes were identified. 1. Influences on ability to undertake COVID-19 Role: Trust and COVID-19 knowledge were found to aid Community Health Workers in their work. However, challenges included exhaustion due to an increased workload, public misconceptions about COVID-19, stigmatisation of COVID-19 patients, delayed access to care and lack of transportation. 2. Influences on willingness to work in COVID-19 Role: Community Health Workers’ perceptions of COVID-19, attitudes towards responsibility for COVID-19 risk at work, commitment and faith appeared to increase willingness to work. 3. Suggested Improvements: Financial incentives, provision of adequate personal protective equipment, transportation, and increasing staff numbers were seen as potential strategies to address many of the challenges faced.

Conclusion
Despite Community Health Workers being committed to their role, they have faced many challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Changes to their working environment may make their role during disease outbreaks more fulfilling and sustainable. International input is required to enhance Nigeria’s policies and infrastructure to better support Community Health Workers during both current and future outbreaks.
Preanalytical quality improvement – an interdisciplinary journey
Authors: Cadamuro Janne , Baird Geoffrey , Baumann Gabriele , Bolenius Karin , Cornes Michael , Ibarz Mercedes , Lewis Tom , Lima-Oliveira Gabriel , Lippi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario , Simundic Ana-Maria , von Meyer Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Since the beginning of laboratory medicine, the main focus was to provide high quality analytics. Over time the importance of the extra-analytical phases and their contribution to the overall quality became evident. However, as the initial preanalytical processes take place outside of the laboratory and mostly without its supervision, all professions participating in these process steps, from test selection to sample collection and transport, need to engage accordingly. Focusing solely on intra-laboratory processes will not be sufficient to achieve the best possible preanalytical quality. The Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) has provided several recommendations, opinion papers and scientific evidence over the past years, aiming to standardize the preanalytical phase across Europe. One of its strategies to reach this goal are educational efforts. As such, the WG-PRE has organized five conferences in the past decade with the sole focus on preanalytical quality. This year’s conference mainly aims to depict the views of different professions on preanalytical processes in order to acquire common ground as basis for further improvements. This article summarizes the content of this 6th preanalytical conference.