bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental tests and analytical model for reinforced polyvinyl alcohol‐engineered cementitious composite beams in bending
Authors: Wang Dan‐Dan , Li Jing‐Zhuo , Qin Shou‐Dao , Liu Cun‐Xiang , Long Bin , Kang Shao‐Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol‐engineered cementitious composite (PVA‐ECC) exhibits strain hardening and multiple cracking characteristics under tension. Its superior tensile behavior may also influence the flexural behavior of reinforced PVA‐ECC beams. This paper investigates the load capacity and failure mode of reinforced PVA‐ECC beams in bending. Seven beams with different tensile reinforcement ratios, including six PVA‐ECC beams and one conventional concrete beam, were tested in the experimental program. The influence of reinforcement ratio on load capacity and failure characteristics was discussed in detail. Test results showed that with increasing reinforcement ratio, the ultimate load of beams was increased, but the failure mode was changed from fracture of PVA‐ECC in the tension zone to crushing in the compression zone, thereby limiting the full development of beam ductility. An analytical model is proposed to calculate the load and the vertical deflection of beams. In the model, the tension‐stiffening effect of reinforcement after cracking of PVA‐ECC is considered by defining the bond–slip relationship of reinforcement embedded in PVA‐ECC. Comparisons are made between experimental results in the literature and those calculated by using the analytical model to show the accuracy of the model in predicting the load–deflection relationship, the moment–rotation relationship, and the moment–curvature relationship.
Development of statistical model for prediction of modulus of elasticity of concrete
Authors: Jajodia Rangesh , Gadve Sangeeta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModulus of elasticity of concrete is one of the important parameters in structural design of Reinforced Concrete (RC) members. For design and analysis purposes destructive/laboratory test are performed, however, for structural health monitoring and forensic investigation non‐destructive tests are preferred. Hence, it is essential to have correlations that can yield accurate results. Standard codes of different nations propose different methodologies for the estimation of modulus of elasticity. Moreover, in available literature no consensus is observed for ideal methodology. In view of this, the present paper experimentally investigates secant modulus of elasticity, initial tangent modulus, P‐wave dynamic modulus and S‐wave dynamic modulus for eight different concrete mixes. The regression analysis is conducted on experimental data and statistical models are proposed for reliable assessment of modulus of elasticity. Further, a correlation between static and dynamic modulus of elasticity is also proposed. Lastly, the experimental results are compared to the results obtained from developed models. It has been discovered that the proposed models accurately predict the modulus of elasticity of concrete.
The subsystem quantum chemistry program Serenity
Authors: Niemeyer Niklas , Eschenbach Patrick , Bensberg Moritz , Tölle Johannes , Hellmann Lars , Lampe Lukas , Massolle Anja , Rikus Anton , Schnieders David , Unsleber Jan P. , Neugebauer Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSERENITY [J Comput Chem. 2018;39:788–798] is an open‐source quantum chemistry software that provides an extensive development platform focused on quantum‐mechanical multilevel and embedding approaches. In this study, we give an overview over the developments done in Serenity since its original publication in 2018. This includes efficient electronic‐structure methods for ground states such as multilevel domain‐based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster and Møller–Plesset perturbation theory as well as the multistate frozen‐density embedding quasi‐diabatization method. For the description of excited states, SERENITY features various subsystem‐based methods such as embedding variants of coupled time‐dependent density‐functional theory, approximate second‐order coupled cluster theory and the second‐order algebraic diagrammatic construction technique as well as GW/Bethe–Salpeter equation approaches. SERENITY's modular structure allows combining these methods with density‐functional theory (DFT)‐based embedding through various practical realizations and variants of subsystem DFT including frozen‐density embedding, potential‐reconstruction techniques and projection‐based embedding.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Quantum Chemistry
A passively self‐adjusting floating wind farm layout to increase the annual energy production
Authors: Mahfouz Mohammad Youssef , Cheng Po‐Wen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWake losses inside a wind farm occur due to the aerodynamic interactions when a downwind turbine is in the wake of upwind turbines. The ability of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) to relocate their positions in the horizontal plane introduces an opportunity to decrease the wake losses in a floating wind farm (FWF). Our goal is to use this ability to passively move the downwind FOWT out of the wake of upwind ones. Since the mooring system (MS) attached to a FOWT is responsible for its station keeping, the horizontal motions of the FOWT depend on the MS design. Hence, if we can design the MS to passively move the FOWT out of the wake, we can increase the FWF annual energy production (AEP). In this paper, we investigate if we can benefit from relocating FOWTs in a FWF and increase its AEP. In addition, we present a novel approach that considers the ability of a FOWT to relocate its position as a new degree of freedom (DoF) in the FWF layout design. This means we will have a self‐adjusting wind farm layout where the FOWTs passively re‐arrange themselves depending on the wind direction and the wind speed. Consequently, we will have a slightly different wind farm layout for every wind direction and every wind speed. To achieve this layout, we include the MS design as part of the FWF's layout design. In a self‐adjusting FWF layout, each FOWT is attached to a customized MS design allowing it to relocate its position in the best way possible according to the wind direction, to increase the overall AEP of the wind farm. The results of one case study show that the novel approach can increase the FWF's AEP by 1.6% when compared with a current state of the art optimized floating wind farm layout. Finally, we implemented our method as an open‐source python tool to be used and enhanced further within the wind energy community.
Histories of Failures
Authors: Jancovich Leila , Stevenson David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter offers a historical context on the development of cultural participation as a policy “problem” in the UK. Furthermore, it identifies the logic on which policymakers tend to base their cultural participation policies and the assumptions that prevail as a result. Specifically, this chapter looks at the fault lines that have shaped the type of policies, projects, and practices that many cultural agencies see as “necessary” and “appropriate” interventions.
Neumann-Rosochatius system for strings on I-brane
Authors: Chakraborty Adrita , Padhi Nibedita , Pandit Priyadarshini , Panigrahi Kamal L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study rigidly rotating and pulsating strings in the background of a 1+1 dimensional intersection of two orthogonal stacks of fivebranes in type IIB string theory by using the Neumann-Rosochatius (NR) model. Starting with the Polyakov action of the probe fundamental string we show that a generalised ansatz reduce the system into the one dimensional NR model in the presence of flux. The integrable construction of the model is exploited to analyze the rotating and oscillating string solution. We render the largeJBMN-type expansion for the energy of rotating string states while the same for the oscillating string has been derived in long string and small angular momenta limit.
Role of hsa_circ_0000280 in regulating vascular smooth muscle cell function and attenuating neointimal hyperplasia via ELAVL1
Authors: Wang Zunzhe , Wang Huating , Guo Chenghu , Yu Fangpu , Zhang Ya , Qiao Lei , Zhang Haijun , Zhang Cheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe pathological proliferation of cells in vascular smooth muscle underlies neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) development during atherosclerosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which represent novel functional biomarkers and RNA-binding proteins, contribute to multiple cardiovascular diseases; however, their roles in regulating the vascular smooth muscle cell cycle remain unknown. Thus, we aimed to identify the roles of circRNAs in vascular smooth muscle during coronary heart disease (CHD). Through circRNA sequencing of CHD samples and human antigen R (ELAVL1) immunoprecipitation, we identified circRNAs that are associated with CHD and interact with ELAVL1. Our results suggested that the hsa_circ_0000280 associated with CHD inhibits cell proliferation and induces ELAVL1-dependent cell cycle arrest. Gain/loss-of-function experiments and assays in vivo indicated that hsa_circ_0000280 facilitates interactions between ELAVL1 and cyclin-dependent kinase suppressor 1 (CDKN1A) mRNA and stabilization of this complex and leads to cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint, inhibiting cell proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and NIH in vivo. Importantly, hsa_circ_0000280 reduced neointimal thickness and smooth muscle cell proliferation in vivo. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel pathway in which hsa_circ_0000280 facilitates the regulation of ELAVL1 on CDKN1A mRNA to inhibit NIH. Therefore, measuring and modulating their expression might represent a potential diagnostic or therapeutic strategy for CHD.
Role of peripheral immune cells in spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Cong , Xiong Wu , Wan Bowen , Kong Guang , Wang Siming , Wang Yingying , Fan Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSecondary spinal cord injury is caused by an inflammatory response cascade, and the process is irreversible. The immune system, as a mediator of inflammation, plays an important role in spinal cord injury. The spinal cord retains its immune privilege in a physiological state. Hence, elucidating the mechanisms by which peripheral immune cells are recruited to the lesion site and function after spinal cord injury is meaningful for the exploration of clinical therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of peripheral immune cells in spinal cord injury.
Rezidivierende Larynxpapillomatose
Authors: Coordes Annekatrin , Grund Daniel , Mainka Alexander , Olze Heidi , Hanitsch Leif , von Bernuth Horst , Dommerich Steffen 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDie rezidivierende Larynxpapillomatose (RLP) wird in 90 % der Fälle durch die humanen Papillomviren (HPV) 6 und 11 verursacht. Unklar ist, ob Rezidive durch Neuinfektion oder Ausbreitung infizierter Zellen entstehen. Symptomatische und z. T. kurative Therapie ist die laserchirurgische bzw. konventionelle mikrochirurgische Abtragung. Die Operation zielt auf die Linderung der Atemnot und Verbesserung der Stimme. Im Krankheitsverlauf werden Patienten, insbesondere Kinder, durch Stimmprobleme, wiederholte operative Abtragungen, pulmonale Manifestationen und psychologische Traumata beeinträchtigt. Die Impfung mit Gardasil 9 (Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, USA) beugt Neuinfektionen mit HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 und 58 vor und induziert Impfantigen-spezifische Antikörper und CD4+-T-Helferzellen. Die RLP ist nach aktueller Studienlage durch eine prophylaktische Impfung vermeidbar. Die Behandlung ist mit dem allgemeinen Impfrisiko verbunden (EMA-Zulassung: Mädchen, Jungen ab 9 Jahren). Studien zeigen zudem, dass der Impfstoff nach Entfernung HPV-assoziierter Neoplasien/Papillome Rezidiven vorbeugt. Die Erweiterung der Impfempfehlung für die Rezidivprophylaxe HPV-assoziierter Erkrankungen und als prophylaktische Impfung bei Männern würde zusätzlich die Anwendbarkeit und Herdenimmunität fördern. Für seltene und therapieresistente Fälle mit laryngotrachealer Beteiligung ist die systemische Therapie mit Bevacizumab (Avastatin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA), einem VEGF-Antikörper, eine vielversprechende adjuvante Therapiemöglichkeit.
Use of the head-twitch response to investigate the structure–activity relationships of 4-thio-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenylalkylamines
Authors: Halberstadt Adam L. , Luethi Dino , Hoener Marius C. , Trachsel Daniel , Brandt Simon D. , Liechti Matthias E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Rationale
4-Thio-substituted phenylalkylamines such as 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) produce psychedelic effects in humans and have been distributed as recreational drugs.

Objectives
The present studies were conducted to examine the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of a series of 4-thio-substituted phenylalkylamines using the head twitch response (HTR), a 5-HT2A receptor-mediated behavior induced by psychedelic drugs in mice. The HTR is commonly used as a behavioral proxy in rodents for human psychedelic effects and can be used to discriminate hallucinogenic and non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A agonists.

Methods
HTR dose–response studies with twelve different 4-thio-substituted phenylalkylamines were conducted in male C57BL/6 J mice. To detect the HTR, head movement was recorded electronically using a magnetometer coil and then head twitches were identified in the recordings using a validated method based on artificial intelligence.

Results
2C-T, the parent compound of this series, had relatively low potency in the HTR paradigm, but adding an α-methyl group increased potency fivefold. Potency was also increased when the 4-methylthio group was extended by one to three methylene units. Fluorination of the 4-position alkylthio chain, however, was detrimental for activity, as was the presence of a 4-allylthio substituent versus a propylthio group. 2C-T analogs containing a 4-benzylthio group showed little or no effect in the HTR paradigm, which is consistent with evidence that bulky 4-substituents can dampen agonist efficacy at the 5-HT2A receptor. Binding and functional studies confirmed that the compounds have nanomolar affinity for 5-HT2 receptor subtypes and act as partial agonists at 5-HT2A.

Conclusions
In general, there were close parallels between the HTR data and the known SAR governing activity of phenylalkylamines at the 5-HT2A receptor. These findings further support the classification of 2C-T compounds as psychedelic drugs.
The role of [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi SPECT/CT in patients with malignancies of digestive system: first clinical experience
Authors: Jia Xi , Li Xinru , Jia Bing , Yang Ye , Wang Yuanbo , Liu Yan , Ji Ting , Xie Xin , Yao Yu , Qiu Guanglin , Deng Huixing , Zhu Zhaohui , Chen Si , Yang Aimin , Gao Rui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, PET/CT imaging with radiolabelled FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) has been widely evaluated in diverse diseases. However, rare report has been published using SPECT/CT, a more available imaging method, with [99mTc]Tc-labelled FAPI. In this study, we evaluated the potential effect of [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi in clinical analysis for digestive system tumours.

Methods
This is a single-centre prospective diagnostic efficiency study (Ethic approved No.: XJTU1AF2021LSK-021 of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and ChiCTR2100048093 of the Chinese Clinical Trial Register). Forty patients with suspected or confirmed digestive system tumours underwent [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi SPECT/CT between January and June 2021. For dynamic biodistribution and dosimetry estimation, whole-body planar scintigraphy was performed at 10, 30, 90, 150, and 240 min post-injection in four representative patients. Optimal acquisition time was considered in all the patients at 60–90 min post-injection, then quantified or semi-quantified using SUVmax and T/B ratio was done. The diagnostic performance of [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi was calculated and compared with those of contrast-enhanced CT (ceCT) using McNemar test, and the changes of tumour stage and oncologic management were recorded.

Results
Physiological distribution of [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi was observed in the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and to a lesser extent in the kidneys, spleen and thyroid. Totally, 40 patients with 115 lesions were analysed. The diagnostic sensitivity of [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi for non-operative primary lesions was similar to that of ceCT (94.29% [33/35] vs 100% [35/35], respectively; P = 0.5); in local relapse detection, [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi was successfully detected in 100% (n = 3) of patients. In the diagnosis of suspected metastatic lesions, [99mTc]Tc-HFAPi exhibited higher sensitivity (89.66% [26/29] vs 68.97% [20/29], respectively, P = 0.03) and specificity (97.9% [47/48] vs 85.4% [41/48], respectively, P = 0.03) than ceCT, especially with 100% (24/24) specificity in the diagnosis of liver metastases, resulting in 20.0% (8/40) changes in TNM stage and 15.0% (6/40) changes in oncologic management.

Conclusion
[99mTc]Tc-HFAPi demonstrates a greater diagnostic efficiency than ceCT in the detection of distant metastasis, especially in identifying liver metastases.
Network Governance at the Margin of the State: Rural Drinking Water Communities in Chile
Authors: Abarzúa Gabriela Estefania Bawarshi , Glückler Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe focus on the relationship between the network structure of Chilean rural drinking water associations (APRs) and effective governance outcomes regarding the provision of infrastructure and drinking water to peripheral rural communities in the Valparaiso region. Based on a comparative regional multi-method case study, we assess the coherence of differences in the governance network structure with the corresponding governance outcomes. Using qualitative interviews, participant observation, and a network survey of collaboration and legitimacy relationships among leaders of local APRs, we find that when isolated APRs establish collective organizations, they can generate better governance outcomes even without support from the state. We demonstrate that higher levels of collaboration as well as a more integrative distribution of legitimacy relations in the network are coherent with more effective governance outcomes. The findings suggest to strengthen social and organizational capacity at the local level of water governance in order to overcome the challenges of megadroughts and of a lack of public infrastructure in peripheral rural areas.
Sudden unexpected death: a national programme which will establish genetic testing and cardiological screening of families in the UK
Authors: Sheppard Mary N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) in young people is due to genetic cardiac causes in the majority of cases. In UK all cases have an autopsy and results are given to the family. We now have a national pathway with detailed programme to establish that all members of the family are screened by cardiologists in inherited cardiac centres . Also genetic testing of material taken at autopsy will be carried out in all cases which will be a valuable addition to the pathological and clinical findings. All this will aid the family in coming to terms with the tragic death and provide genotype phenotype correlation within the family to prevent future deaths.
Persons with rheumatoid arthritis have higher barriers to physical activity than controls: a cross-sectional study using the Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire (FasBarPAQ)
Authors: Videm Vibeke , Houge Ingrid Sæther , Hoff Mari 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFacilitators and barriers to performing physical activity (PA) may vary among persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as between RA patients and healthy individuals. Primary objective: To investigate associations of presence of RA and levels of stress and depression with scores for facilitators and barriers to PA, using a new questionnaire (FasBarPAQ). Secondary objectives: investigate inter-individual score differences in persons with RA, and associations with RA disease-specific variables. Persons with RA from two outpatient clinics (n = 203) and blood donor controls (n = 293) filled in the new 14-item FasBarPAQ questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale depression scale (HADS-D), Cohen’s perceived stress scale, and questions regarding PA. Clinical data, and self-reported disease activity and physical function were collected for the persons with RA. Data were analyzed using linear and logistic regression. RA was associated with lower Facilitators scores (coefficient = − 1.30, p = 0.015), higher Barriers scores (coefficient = 2.36, p < 0.001) and lower Total Facilitators-Barriers scores (coefficient = − 3.67, p < 0.001). HADS-D ≥ 8 was associated with lower Total scores (coefficient = − 3.32, p = 0.022), and the two higher stress score tertiles were associated with higher Barriers and lower Total scores (p = 0.023 to p < 0.001). Persons with RA reported greatly varying facilitators and barriers profiles. Seropositivity and higher patient global assessment were associated with higher Barriers scores (coefficients = 1.79, p = 0.011; 0.60, p < 0.001) and lower Total scores (coefficients = − 3.60, p = 0.003; − 0.98, p < 0.001). Persons with RA had higher barriers and lower facilitators for PA, with varying individual profiles. The new FasBarPAQ questionnaire may be a useful screening tool for healthcare providers treating persons with RA.
Using commercial high-resolution satellite imagery to monitor a nuisance macroalga in the largest marine protected area in the USA
Authors: Fraiola Kauaoa M. S. , Miura Tomoaki , Martinez Jonathan , Lopes Keolohilani H. , Amidon Fred , Torres-Pérez Juan , Spalding Heather L. , Williams Taylor , So Khemarith , Sachs Elyse , Kosaki Randall K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSatellite imagery is a useful tool for monitoring and mapping the distribution of invasive or nuisance algal species on coral reefs over the temporal and spatial scales needed for ecosystem management. Visual inspections of high-resolution satellite imagery were used to detect the newly discovered nuisance alga, Chondria tumulosa, at Manawai (Pearl and Hermes Atoll) in combination with ground-truthing surveys. Low-albedo (“dark”) survey sites on spur habitats were associated with mean C. tumulosa cover seven times higher than adjacent high-albedo (“light”) sites. There was an inverse relationship between C. tumulosa percent cover at ground-truthing sites and mean reflectance values. Archival satellite imagery showed that areas of high C. tumulosa cover (i.e., dark patches) were not evident on or before 2015 on the northeast backreef. The ability to use satellites for the detection of nuisance or invasive benthic species, such as expansive mats of C. tumulosa, provides managers with a valuable tool, especially in remote regions.