bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quasi-zero-stiffness isolator with a shear-thinning viscous damper
Authors: Wen Guilin , Lin Yu , He Junfeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) vibration isolators have been widely studied, because they show excellent high static and low dynamic stiffnesses and can effectively solve low-frequency and ultralow-frequency vibration. However, traditional QZS (T-QZS) vibration isolators usually adopt linear damping, owing to which achieving good isolation performance at both low and high frequencies is difficult. T-QZS isolators exhibit hardening stiffness characteristics, and their vibration isolation performance is even worse than that of linear vibration isolators under a large excitation amplitude. Therefore, this study proposes a QZS isolator with a shear-thinning viscous damper (SVD) to improve the vibration isolation performance of the T-QZS isolators. The force-velocity relation of the SVD is obtained, and a dynamic model is established for the isolator. The dynamic responses of the system are solved using the harmonic balance method (HBM) and the Runge-Kutta method. The vibration isolation performance of the system is evaluated using force transmissibility, and the isolator parameters are analyzed. The results show that compared with the T-QZS isolators, the proposed QZS-SVD isolator achieves the lower initial vibration isolation frequency and peak value, and exhibits better vibration isolation performance at medium and high frequencies. Moreover, the proposed isolator can withstand a large excitation amplitude in the effective vibration isolation range.
Error Quantification for the Assessment of Data-Driven Turbulence Models
Authors: Hammond James , Frey Marioni Yuri , Montomoli Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractData-driven turbulence modelling is becoming common practice in the field of fluid mechanics. Complex machine learning methods are applied to large high fidelity data sets in an attempt to discover relationships between mean flow features and turbulence model parameters. However, a clear discrepancy is emerging between complex models that appear to fit the high fidelity data wella prioriand simpler models which subsequently hold up ina posterioritesting through CFD simulations. With this in mind, a novel error quantification technique is proposed consisting of an upper and lower bound, against which data-driven turbulence models can be systematically assessed. At the lower bound is models that are linear in either the full set or a subset of the input features, where feature selection is used to determine the best model. Any machine learning technique must be able to improve on this performance for the extra complexity in training to be of practical use. The upper bound is found by the stable insertion of the high fidelity data for the Reynolds stresses into CFD simulation. Three machine learning methods, Gene Expression Programming, Deep Neural Networks and Gaussian Mixtures Models are presented and assessed on this error quantification technique. We further show that for the simple canonical cases often used to develop data-driven methods, lower bound linear models can provide very satisfactory accuracy and stability with limited scope for substantial improvement through more complex machine learning methods.
Left atrial function in young strength athletes: four-dimensional automatic quantitation study
Authors: Liu Mengmeng , Sun Mengjiao , Li Lijin , Li Pengge , Hou Suyun , Li Zhen , Sun Xinxin , Hua Shaohua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAthletes might suffer from potentially fatal heart disease, which has always been a concern in cardiovascular medicine. The changes in left atrial (LA) size and function are related to the occurrence of arrhythmia. In the present study, four-dimensional automatic quantitation (4D LAQ) was used to explore the changes in LA function of young strength athletes. Eighty professional young strength athletes and sixty healthy young adults matched in age were selected for the study. The LA volumes and strains were automatically analyzed by 4D LAQ. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic value of strain in athletes' LA function. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the potential association between conventional echocardiographic indexes and 4D parameters related to athletes' LA function. Compared to the control group, LA longitudinal and circumferential strain in the athlete group decreased, while LA volume increased (P < 0.05). However, LA strain was similar among 45 male and 35 female strength athletes (P > 0.05), while male athletes presented with a higher LA volume when compared to female controls (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that LA contraction longitudinal strain (LASct) was the best predictor in evaluating athletes' LA function. Athletes' heart rate and left ventricular mass index were significantly correlated with 4D LA function parameters.4D LAQ can be used for early detection of the changes in LA function in young strength athletes. There was no significant difference in LA strain between male and female athletes. The LASct was the most effective index for evaluating athletes' LA function.
Ionic conductivity enhancement of PVA: carboxymethyl cellulose poly-blend electrolyte films through the doping of NaI salt
Authors: Cyriac Vipin , Ismayil  , Noor I. M. , Mishra Kuldeep , Chavan Chetan , Bhajantri Rajashekhar F. , Masti Saraswati P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report the effect of doping sodium iodide (NaI) salt into a polymer blend matrix of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Solution casting approach was used to prepare solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films. The films were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), electrical impedance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD showed that NaI incorporation decreased the crystallinity of NaCMC/PVA-based SPE. FTIR technique confirmed the complexation of salt with polymer matrix due to the formation of the coordination bond between Na+ and –OH group and hydrogen bond between I− and –CH group. The sample with 30 wt% NaI showed the highest conductivity of 2.52 × 10–3 S cm−1, strongly influenced by the highest charge concentration $$(n)$$

(
n
)

, not its mobility (μ). DSC analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature $$({T}_{g})$$

(

T
g

)

with increasing salt content. TGA studies showed a decrease in thermal stability with salt inclusion. The transference number was found to be 0.99 for the highest conducting sample showing the primary charge carriers are ions. The highest conducting sample exhibited a mechanical strength of 15.42 MPa at room temperature, and it has been used to fabricate a battery to evaluate its suitability in energy storage devices.
Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract created with https://biorender.com.
Financial Vulnerability, Financial Literacy, and the Use of Digital Payment Technologies
Authors: Seldal M. M. Naeser , Nyhus Ellen K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to test the notion that the use of digital payment methods, such as paying with a mobile phone, increases the risk of financial vulnerability. Research from the USA indicates such a relationship, and we study whether this finding can be generalized to other countries. Motivated by recent changes in EU legislation related to financial transactions, we also examine willingness to use social media companies for money transfers along with sharing bank account information with third-party financial services. Exploiting data collected from a representative sample of the Norwegian adult population (n = 2202), we identify differences in financial behaviour and characteristics between users and nonusers of different digital payment methods. In contrast to US studies, we find that mobile payment users were less financially vulnerable than nonusers and those women were more likely users of digital payment technologies than men. Younger generations and those with low financial literacy were more financially vulnerable than others, although we did not find this to be related to the use of mobile payment or other digital payment methods. The results show that there is a need for more research from different countries outside of the USA to obtain an understanding of the consequences of increased digitalization of financial services. In addition, as COVID-19 has shifted a vast amount of spending online and these newer payment technologies have become more available, we need to gain a better understanding of how they influence financial behaviour.
Protective Effects of a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic (OTR4132) in a rat immunotoxic lesion model of septohippocampal cholinergic degeneration
Authors: Pereira Patricia Marques , Papy-Garcia Dulce , Barritault Denis , Chiappini Franck , Jackisch Rolf , Schimchowitsch Sarah , Cassel Jean-Christophe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing a partial hippocampal cholinergic denervation model, we assessed the effects of the RGTA® named OTR4132, a synthetic heparan-mimetic biopolymer with neuroprotective/neurotrophic properties. Long-Evans male rats were injected with the cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin into the medial septum/diagonal band of Broca (0.37 µg); vehicle injections served as controls. Immediately after surgery, OTR4132 was injected into the lateral ventricles (0.25 µg/5 µl/rat) or intramuscularly (1.5 mg/kg). To determine whether OTR4132 reached the lesion site, some rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intramuscular (I.M.) injections of fluorescent OTR4132. Rats were sacrificed at 4, 10, 20, or 60 days post-lesion (DPL). Fluorescein-labeled OTR4132 injected ICV or I.M. was found in the lesion from 4 to 20 DPL. Rats with partial hippocampal cholinergic denervation showed decreases in hippocampal acetylcholinesterase reaction products and in choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the medial septum. These lesions were the largest at 10 DPL and then remained stable until 60 DPL. Both hippocampal acetylcholinesterase reaction products and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in the medial septum effects were significantly attenuated in OTR4132-treated rats. These effects were not related to competition between OTR4132 and 192 IgG-saporin for the neurotrophin receptor P75 (p75NTR), as OTR4132 treatment did not alter the internalization of Cy3-labelled 192 IgG. OTR4132 was more efficient at reducing the acetylcholinesterase reaction products and choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons than a comparable heparin dose used as a comparator. Using the slice superfusion technique, we found that the lesion-induced decrease in muscarinic autoreceptor sensitivity was abolished by intramuscular OTR4132. After partial cholinergic damage, OTR4132 was able to concentrate at the brain lesion site possibly due to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier and to exert structural and functional effects that hold promises for neuroprotection/neurotrophism.
Establishment and optimization of PEG-mediated protoplast transformation in the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Guo Chunli , Anwar Muhammad , Mei Rui , Li Xinyi , Zhao Di , Jiang Yanan , Zhuang Jieyi , Liu Chen , Wang Chaogang , Hu Zhangli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGenetic manipulation of Haematococcus pluvialis is difficult because of the lack of a stable and convenient transformation system. The pH124-EGFP-Ble vector containing ble as a selective gene and EGFP as a reporter gene was constructed and employed for effective transformation. H. pluvialis protoplasts were obtained by treating with cellulase and macerozeme. Then polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation was established by incubating the protoplast with the vector. To improve the transformation efficiency of H. pluvialis protoplasts, the transformation system was optimized in consideration of different influencing factors, including zeomycin concentration, growth stage, amount of transformed vector, linearization of the vector, and duration of low-intensity illumination. The integration and expression of ble and EGFP was confirmed in the transformants. Moreover, the optimal combination for protoplast transformation of H. pluvialis was determined to be 5 µg of the linearized vector used to transform cells in the log growth phase, and then the transformed protoplasts allowed to recover under low-intensity illumination for 6 h. This study represents and describes the successful development of an H. pluvialis transformation protocol using protoplasts, which will enable convenient genetic manipulation of this important algal species.
“Focused Ultrasound-mediated Drug Delivery in Humans – a Path Towards Translation in Neurodegenerative Diseases”
Authors: Wasielewska Joanna M. , White Anthony R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) has a major protective function in preventing the entry of harmful molecules into the brain, but is simultaneously limiting the delivery of drugs, restricting their potential clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent preclinical evidence demonstrates that following application of focused ultrasound with microbubbles (FUS+MB), the BBB becomes reversibly accessible to compounds that normally are brain-impermeable, suggesting FUS+MB as a promising new platform for delivery of therapeutic agents into the central nervous system. As a step towards translation, small cohort clinical studies were performed demonstrating safe BBB opening in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients following FUS+MB, however improved drug delivery has not yet been achieved in human. Simultaneously, rapid progress in the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) modeling technology allowed for development of novel Alzheimer’s disease patient-derived BBB in vitro model that reacts to FUS+MB with BBB opening and can be used to answer fundamental questions of human BBB responses to FUS+MB in health and disease. This review summarizes key features of the BBB that contribute to limited drug delivery, recapitulates recent advances in the FUS+MB mediated human BBB opening in vivo and in vitro in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, and highlights potential strategies for fast-track translation of the FUS+MB to improve bioavailability of drugs to the human brain. With safe and effective application, this innovative FUS+MB technology may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases leading to improved clinical outcomes for patients.
Safeguarding marine life: conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems
Authors: Ward Delphi , Melbourne-Thomas Jessica , Pecl Gretta T. , Evans Karen , Green Madeline , McCormack Phillipa C. , Novaglio Camilla , Trebilco Rowan , Bax Narissa , Brasier Madeleine J. , Cavan Emma L. , Edgar Graham , Hunt Heather L. , Jansen Jan , Jones Russ , Lea Mary-Anne , Makomere Reuben , Mull Chris , Semmens Jayson M. , Shaw Janette , Tinch Dugald , van Steveninck Tatiana J. , Layton Cayne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMarine ecosystems and their associated biodiversity sustain life on Earth and hold intrinsic value. Critical marine ecosystem services include maintenance of global oxygen and carbon cycles, production of food and energy, and sustenance of human wellbeing. However marine ecosystems are swiftly being degraded due to the unsustainable use of marine environments and a rapidly changing climate. The fundamental challenge for the future is therefore to safeguard marine ecosystem biodiversity, function, and adaptive capacity whilst continuing to provide vital resources for the global population. Here, we use foresighting/hindcasting to consider two plausible futures towards 2030: a business-as-usual trajectory (i.e. continuation of current trends), and a more sustainable but technically achievable future in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. We identify key drivers that differentiate these alternative futures and use these to develop an action pathway towards the desirable, more sustainable future. Key to achieving the more sustainable future will be establishing integrative (i.e. across jurisdictions and sectors), adaptive management that supports equitable and sustainable stewardship of marine environments. Conserving marine ecosystems will require recalibrating our social, financial, and industrial relationships with the marine environment. While a sustainable future requires long-term planning and commitment beyond 2030, immediate action is needed to avoid tipping points and avert trajectories of ecosystem decline. By acting now to optimise management and protection of marine ecosystems, building upon existing technologies, and conserving the remaining biodiversity, we can create the best opportunity for a sustainable future in 2030 and beyond.
Irreducibly collective existence and bottomless nihilism
Authors: Werner Jonas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper develops the metaphysical hypothesis that there are irreducibly collective pluralities, pluralities of objects that do not have a singular object among them. A way to formulate this hypothesis using plural quantification will be proposed and the coherence of irreducibly collective existence will be defended. Furthermore, irreducibly collective existence will be shown to allow for bottomless scenarios that do not involve things standing in relations of parthood. This will create logical space for an anti-atomistic form of mereological nihilism.
Identifiability of Latent Class Models with Covariates
Authors: Ouyang Jing , Xu Gongjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLatent class models with covariates are widely used for psychological, social, and educational research. Yet the fundamental identifiability issue of these models has not been fully addressed. Among the previous research on the identifiability of latent class models with covariates, Huang and Bandeen-Roche (Psychometrika 69:5–32, 2004) studied the local identifiability conditions. However, motivated by recent advances in the identifiability of the restricted latent class models, particularly cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs), we show in this work that the conditions in Huang and Bandeen-Roche (Psychometrika 69:5–32, 2004) are only necessary but not sufficient to determine the local identifiability of the model parameters. To address the open identifiability issue for latent class models with covariates, this work establishes conditions to ensure the global identifiability of the model parameters in both strict and generic sense. Moreover, our results extend to the polytomous-response CDMs with covariates, which generalizes the existing identifiability results for CDMs.
Cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication machining: from mechanism to application
Authors: Liu Mingzheng , Li Changhe , Zhang Yanbin , An Qinglong , Yang Min , Gao Teng , Mao Cong , Liu Bo , Cao Huajun , Xu Xuefeng , Said Zafar , Debnath Sujan , Jamil Muhammad , Ali Hafz Muhammad , Sharma Shubham 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCutting fluid plays a cooling-lubrication role in the cutting of metal materials. However, the substantial usage of cutting fluid in traditional flood machining seriously pollutes the environment and threatens the health of workers. Environmental machining technologies, such as dry cutting, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and cryogenic cooling technology, have been used as substitute for flood machining. However, the insufficient cooling capacity of MQL with normal-temperature compressed gas and the lack of lubricating performance of cryogenic cooling technology limit their industrial application. The technical bottleneck of mechanical—thermal damage of difficult-to-cut materials in aerospace and other fields can be solved by combining cryogenic medium and MQL. The latest progress of cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) technology is reviewed in this paper, and the key scientific issues in the research achievements of CMQL are clarified. First, the application forms and process characteristics of CMQL devices in turning, milling, and grinding are systematically summarized from traditional settings to innovative design. Second, the cooling-lubrication mechanism of CMQL and its influence mechanism on material hardness, cutting force, tool wear, and workpiece surface quality in cutting are extensively revealed. The effects of CMQL are systematically analyzed based on its mechanism and application form. Results show that the application effect of CMQL is better than that of cryogenic technology or MQL alone. Finally, the prospect, which provides basis and support for engineering application and development of CMQL technology, is introduced considering the limitations of CMQL.
Wealth and shifting demand pressures on the price level in England after the Black Death
Authors: Edo Anthony , Melitz Jacques 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe scale of the rise in personal wealth following the Black Death calls the life-cycle hypothesis of consumption into consideration. Based on price level evidence, this paper shows for the first time that the wealth effect of the Black Death on economic activity continued in England for generations, up to 1450. Indeed, in the absence of consideration of the wealth effect, other influences on the price level do not even appear in the econometric analysis. The shift in tastes toward higher quality goods, luxuries and imports stemming from the per capita windfall for the survivors in the mid-fourteenth century plays a substantial part in the analysis. So does England’s little influence on the relative prices of its imports relative to home goods. The separate effects of coinage, population, trade, wages and annual number of days worked for wages on the price level all also receive major attention and new results follow for adjustment in the labor market.
From Truth Degree Comparison Games to Sequents-of-Relations Calculi for Gödel Logic
Authors: Fermüller Christian , Lang Timo , Pavlova Alexandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe introduce a game for (extended) Gödel logic where the players’ interaction stepwise reduces claims about the relative order of truth degrees of complex formulas to atomic truth comparison claims. Using the concept of disjunctive game states this semantic game is lifted to a provability game, where winning strategies correspond to proofs in a sequents-of-relations calculus.