bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different modality-specific mechanisms mediate perceptual history effects in vision and audition
Authors: Togoli Irene , Fornaciai Michele , Bueti Domenica 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTPerceptual history plays an important role in sensory processing and decision making, shaping how we perceive and judge external objects and events. Indeed, past stimuli can bias what we are currently seeing in an attractive fashion, making a current stimulus to appear more similar to its preceding one than it actually is. Such attractive effects across successive stimuli appear to be ubiquitous, affecting almost every aspect of perception – from very basic visual attributes (i.e., orientation) to more complex features (i.e., face identity) – suggesting that they may reflect a fundamental principle of brain processing. However, it is unclear whether the ubiquitous nature of these effects is due to an underlying centralised mechanism mediating all of them, or by the existence of separate mechanisms implemented independently in different perceptual pathways. Here we address this question by assessing the behavioural and neural signature of perceptual history in audition and vision, in the context of time perception. Our results first show a double dissociation between the two modalities, whereby the behavioural effect of perceptual history shows opposite patterns of selectivity for the features and position of the stimuli. Electroencephalography results further support a difference between audition and vision, demonstrating that the signature of perceptual history unfolds according to different dynamics in the two modalities and show different relations with the behavioural effect. Overall, our results suggest that the effect of perceptual history may be mediated by different and at least partially independent mechanisms based on the same computational principle, implemented in different sensory pathways.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe recent history of stimulation, or perceptual history, plays a fundamental role in perception, shaping what we see according to what we saw in the past. The brain mechanisms mediating the integration of past and present perceptual information are however still unclear. In this study we asked whether perceptual history operates via a centralized mechanism shared across sensory modalities, or via distinct modality-specific mechanisms. Our findings show a double dissociation in attractive perceptual history effects across vision and audition, while EEG data show neural signatures of perceptual history with distinct dynamics and properties. Overall, we thus demonstrate that perceptual history affects sensory processing starting from the earliest level of processing, within distinct modality-specific sensory pathways.
The transcribed intergenic regions exhibit lower frequency of nucleotide polymorphism than the untranscribed intergenic regions in the genomes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica
Authors: Beura Pratyush Kumar , Sen Piyali , Aziz Ruksana , Satapathy Siddhartha Shankar , Ray Suvendra Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe temporary exposure of single-stranded regions in the genome during the process of replication and transcription makes the region vulnerable to cytosine deamination resulting higher rate of C→T transitions. Intra-operon intergenic regions undergo transcription along with adjacent co-transcribed genes in an operon, whereas inter-operon intergenic regions only undergo replication. Hence these two types of intergenic regions (IGRs) can be compared to find out the contribution of replication-associated mutations (RAM) and transcription-associated mutations (TrAM) towards bringing variation in genomes. In our work, we performed a polymorphism spectra comparison between intra-operon IGRs and inter-operon IGRs in genomes of two well-known closely related bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. In general, the size of intra-operon IGRs was smaller than that of inter-operon IGRs in these bacteria. Interestingly, the polymorphism frequency at intra-operon IGRs was 2.5-fold lesser than that in the inter-operon IGRs in E. coli genome. Similarly, the polymorphism frequency at intra-operon IGRs was 2.8-fold lesser than that in the inter-operon IGRs in S. enterica genome. Therefore, the intra-operon IGRs were often observed to be more conserved. In the case of inter-operon IGRs, the T→C transition frequency was a minimum of two times more than T→A transversion frequency whereas in the case of intra-operon IGRs, T→C transition frequency was similar to that of T→A transversion frequency. The polymorphism was purine biased and keto biased more in intra-operon IGRs than the inter-operon IGRs. In E. coli, the Ti/Tv ratio was observed as 1.639 and 1.338 in inter-operon and in intra-operon IGRs, respectively. In S. enterica, the Ti/Tv ratio was observed as 2.134 and 2.780 in inter-operon and in intra-operon IGRs, respectively. The observation in this study indicates that transcribed IGRs might not always have higher polymorphism frequency than the untranscribed IGRs. The lower polymorphism frequency at intra-operon IGRs might be attributed to different events such as the transcription-coupled DNA repair, sequences facilitating translation initiation and avoidance of rho-dependent transcription termination.
A tripartite complex HIV-1 Tat-cyclophilin A-capsid protein enables Tat encapsidation that is required for HIV-1 infectivity
Authors: Schatz Malvina , Marty Laetitia , Ounadjela Camille , Tong Phuoc Bao Viet , Cardace Ilaria , Mettling Clément , Milhiet Pierre-Emmanuel , Costa Luca , Godefroy Cédric , Pugnière Martine , Guichou Jean-François , Mesnard Jean-Michel , Blaise Mickaël , Beaumelle Bruno 
Published: August 2022

SummaryHIV-1 Tat is a key viral protein that stimulates several steps of viral gene expression. Tat is especially required for the transcription of viral genes but it is still not clear if and how Tat is incorporated into HIV-1 virions. Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a prolylisomerase that binds to HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) and is thereby encapsidated. Here we found that a Tat-CypA-CA tripartite complex assembles in HIV-1 infected cells. Biochemical and biophysical studies showed that high affinity interactions drive the assembly of this complex. Virions devoid of encapsidated Tat showed a 5-10 fold decrease in HIV-infectivity and, conversely, encapsidating Tat into ΔTat viruses greatly enhanced infectivity. The absence of encapsidated Tat decreases the efficiency of retrotranscription by ∼50% and transcription by 99%. We thus identified a Tat-CypA-CA complex that enables Tat encapsidation and showed that encapsidated Tat is required to initiate robust HIV-1 infection and viral production.
Pericyte Heterogeneity Identified by 3D Ultrastructural Analysis of the Microvessel Wall
Authors: Abdelazim Hanaa , Payne Laura Beth , Nolan Kyle , Paralkar Karan , Bradley Vanessa , Kanodia Ronak , Gude Rosalie , Ward Rachael , Monavarfeshani Aboozar , Fox Michael A. , Chappell John C. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT/SUMMARYUnequivocal pericyte identification remains a limitation in the field of vascular biology given the lack of unique molecular marker. Compounding this challenge are the recently described heterogeneities in pericyte morphology across microvascular networks. Here, we found further support on the ultrastructural level for classifying pericytes into sub-types – “thin-strand” (TSPs), mesh (MP), and ensheathing (EP) pericytes – based on their architecture in the mouse brain microcirculation. We also observed several instances of an additional cell type in the medial layer between endothelial cells and pericytes, specifically associated with EPs. A conserved characteristic across PC subtypes was extracellular matrix (ECM) encompassing the vascular unit and dispersed among neighboring cells. ECM thicknesses fell within a specific range depending on vessel location, and only thinned where cells were in closer proximity. Pericytes and endothelial cells formed “peg-and-socket” structures at these locations, providing another distinguishing feature across PC subtypes. Unique contact locations seemed to be present between medial and endothelial cells, as well as between vascular cells and the brain parenchyma. The ECM surrounding EPs exhibited another notable configuration in that thin extensions radiated out from the vessel wall into the surrounding parenchyma, suggesting mechanical and/or biochemical roles. Considering these data together, ultrastructural observations may provide an orthogonal perspective on pericyte heterogeneity and the presence of medial cells in cerebrovascular walls as well as assessing ECM coverage as a criterion for PC identification and exploring PC-associated ECM extensions that may have unique relevance in health and disease.
Non‐cigarette combustible tobacco use and its associations with subsequent cessation of smoking among daily cigarette smokers: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2016–20)
Authors: Li Lin , Borland Ron , Cummings K. Michael , Hyland Andrew , Le Grande Michael , Fong Geoffrey T. , McNeill Ann 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine whether polyuse of cigarettes and other smoked products (polysmoking) is predictive of quit attempts and quit success.DesignA prospective multi‐country cohort design.SettingAustralia, Canada, England and the United States.ParticipantsA total of 3983 adult daily cigarette smokers were surveyed in 2016 (wave 1 of data collection) and were re‐contacted in 2018 (wave 2) (i.e. waves 1–2 cohort) in the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) surveys; and 3736 smokers were surveyed in 2018 and re‐contacted in 2020 (wave 3) (i.e. waves 2–3 cohort).MeasurementsParticipants were asked about their cigarette smoking and use of cigars, cigarillos, pipes and waterpipes. Outcomes were quit attempts between two survey waves and success, defined as having quit smoking all the combustible tobacco at the subsequent survey for 1 month or more.FindingsLevels of polysmoking were 12.7% in the waves 1–2 cohort and 10.5% for the waves 2–3 cohort. Compared with cigarette‐only smokers, polysmokers were more likely to attempt to quit between waves 1 and 2 [54.9 versus 42.7%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.74, P < 0.01], but not between waves 2 and 3 (43.8 versus 40.1%, aOR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.72–1.22). Polysmoking predicted reduced likelihood of success in both cohorts among attempters and the overall samples. Between waves 2 and 3 there were significantly more transitions to non‐daily smoking among the polysmokers (12.4 versus 5.3%, χ2 = 40.4, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere is a consistent association between polysmoking (use of cigarettes together with other smoked products) and reduced quit success for combustible tobacco, but it is probably due to increased likelihood of transitioning to non‐daily use rather than complete cessation.
Immediate possible adverse event rates in infants treated with oral propranolol for infantile haemangiomas at an Australian urban tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2019
Authors: Adams Lucinda , Ryan Emma 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesInfantile haemangiomas (IH) are common benign tumours of childhood. The current guideline recommended treatment is oral propranolol, the use of which for IH is relatively recent and there are no safety audits in Australian children published. As a result, it is a primarily inpatient initiated treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the short‐term complication rates in infants treated with oral propranolol for IH.MethodsRetrospective case note review of IH patients initiated on oral propranolol admitted to the day‐unit of tertiary metropolitan hospital in an Australia capital city, from January 2016 to December 2019.ResultsOverall, 72 children were included in the study. Mean age at time of admission was 3.8 ± 2 months. Eight patients (11.1%) experienced complications during their initiation admission. Pulmonary complications (oxygen desaturation, wheeze, increased respiratory rate) was the most common type. No children required high‐dependency or intensive care unit admission. The children who experienced complications had a mean age of 2.4 ± 1.2 months; t‐test of equality of means found a relationship between propranolol‐associated complication rate and age (p = 0.007). All other patient or admission characteristics were not associated with complication events (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsPropranolol is a safe, effective and well‐tolerated treatment in Australian children with IH. This study demonstrates younger infants will most likely benefit from inpatient initiation. More research needs to be done to characterise the risk profile of propranolol initiation for IH.
Editorial: pegylated interferon combined with bulevirtide for chronic hepatitis delta—new life for an old timer? Authors' reply
Authors: Jachs Mathias , Reiberger Thomas , Ferenci Peter 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Jachs et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16945 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16115
Editorial: work and activity impairment are important considerations to optimise treatment plans for irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Shah Eric D. , Wechsler Emily V. 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Goodoory et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17132 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17160
Editorial: work and activity impairment are important considerations to optimise treatment plans for irritable bowel syndrome. Authors' reply
Authors: Goodoory Vivek C. , Ng Cho Ee , Black Christopher J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Goodoory et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17132 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17143
Letter: long‐term abdominal drains in cirrhosis—a solution or a new problem? Authors' reply
Authors: Tergast Tammo L. , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Tergast et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17066 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17156
Introduction of an integrated primary care faecal immunochemical test referral pathway for patients with suspected colorectal cancer symptoms
Authors: Georgiou Delisle Theo , D'Souza Nigel , Tan Jessica , Najdawi Ahmad , Chen Michelle , Ward Helen , Abulafi Muti 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the efficacy of a new 2‐week wait pathway that uses the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) in primary care to triage patients with high and low risk symptoms suspicious of colorectal cancer (CRC). This service improvement pilot follows 2017 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance, that recommended using FIT to guide referral of patients with low risk, but not high risk symptoms, which continue to be referrred on the 2‐week pathway.MethodPatients with high‐ and low‐risk CRC symptoms were tested with FIT and those with faecal haemoglobin (f‐Hb) ≥9.5 μg haemoglobin/g faeces (hereafter μg/g) were referred to secondary care. Results were tracked and primary care prompted to refer if timely referral was not made.ResultsBetween December 2019 and October 2020, 5672 patients presented to primary care with high and/or low risk symptoms warranting investigations. Of these, 622 (11%) patients were referred without a FIT, of whom 36 (5.8%) had CRC. The remaining 5050 patients had a FIT, of which 4187 (83%) were processed to produce a quantitative result. Of these, 1085 patients (25.9%) had an f‐Hb ≥9.5 μg/g and of those, 982 patients (90.5%) were referred and 56 (5.7%) had CRC. A total of 3102 patients (74.1%) had an f‐Hb <9.5 μg/g, of which 456 (14.7%) were referred and three (0.7%) had CRC. A total of 97 cancers were diagnosed with a cancer prevalence of 1.7%.ConclusionA 2‐week wait pathway incorporating FIT as a triage tool can be implemented successfully in primary care to identify symptomatic patients at highest risk of CRC.
The impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories among adolescents
Authors: Zhu Na , Hawke Lisa D. , Sanches Marcos R. , Henderson Joanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThere is robust evidence that child maltreatment is a significant risk factor and linked to negative psychological outcomes. However, few studies have examined the impact of child maltreatment on mental health and substance use trajectories across adolescence.MethodsData were drawn from a larger longitudinal project, in which participants were recruited starting in grade 7–8 and followed on two more occasions biennially. The final baseline sample was comprised of 765 youth (Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.67, 49.7% female, 57.6% Caucasian/White). Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine whether youth with maltreatment histories differed in their internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problems trajectories (based on previous studies) than youth without maltreatment histories. Moderation analyses using multinomial logistic regression were also conducted to examine perceived family support and school connectedness as protective factors against the impact of maltreatment.ResultsYouth who experienced maltreatment were more likely to display more severe internalizing, externalizing, and substance use problem trajectories than youth without such histories. While not significant as moderators, perceived family support and school connectedness were significantly associated with each of the trajectories, with lower levels of perceived family support and school connectedness linked to more severe problem trajectories.ConclusionsResults highlight the ongoing and significant harmful impact of maltreatment among youth. Results also support further prevention and intervention efforts for child maltreatment, particularly at the family and school level.
Are we any closer to understanding why fish can die after severe exercise?
Authors: Holder Peter Elliot , Wood Chris M. , Lawrence Michael J. , Clark Timothy D. , Suski Cory D. , Weber Jean‐Michel , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPost‐exercise mortality (PEM) may occur when fish exercise to exhaustion and are pushed so far beyond their physiological limits that they can no longer sustain life. Although fish exercise to overcome a variety of natural challenges, the phenomenon of PEM is most often observed as the result of interactions between fish and humans. The seminal work of Black (Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 15:573, 1958) and Wood et al. (J Fish Biol, 22:189, 1983) provided a foundation for exploring the potential causes of PEM in fish. With no “silver bullet” explaining PEM being apparent, contemporary research has continued to focus on physiological mechanisms of exhaustion in fish, including factors such as oxygen delivery, ion regulation, hormone signalling, and cardiac function. This paper provides an overview of these studies, and reviews the continuous improvement in data collection methods, tools, and experimental protocols used to examine the PEM phenomenon. These studies of exhaustion have played an important role in informing management actions for activities such as bycatch revival and fish passage. Since the contribution of Wood et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 22(2):189–201, 1983), the combined efforts of fundamental and applied research have yielded a greater understanding of why fish die after severe exercise, yet much remains to be explored through future work.
Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Medals and Awards celebration 2022
Authors: Clifford Nigel , Hempleman‐Adams David , Francis Jane , Cloke Paul , Sidaway James , Hannah David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) annual Medals and Awards recognise achievements in researching, communicating and teaching a wide range of geographical knowledge. The speeches and citations are a record of the 2022 celebrations, which occurred at the Society on 6 June 2022, with contributions from Sir David Hempleman‐Adams, Professor Dame Jane Francis, Professor Paul Cloke, Professor James Sidaway and Professor David Hannah.
Effects of fumaric and maleic acids on the fermentation, nutrient composition, proteolysis and in vitro ruminal gas of corn silage
Authors: Kara Kanber , Pirci Gönül , Yılmaz Sena , Baytok Erol , Yılmaz Kurşat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the effect of fumaric and maleic acids on the ensiling process. The corn herbage was ensiled without additives (control silage) or with 0.25% fumaric acid (FA25), 0.50% fumaric acid (FA50), 0.25% maleic acid (MA25), 0.50% maleic acid (MA50), FA25 + MA25 (FA25MA25) and FA50 + MA50 (FA50MA50) (treatment silages) as wet basis. The starch contents of FA50 and MA50 silages were lower than the content of the control silage (p < .05). The lactic acid content of the FA50MA50 silage was lower than that of the control silage (p < .05). Percentages of linoleic acid of MA25 and MA50 silages were higher than that of the FA50 silage (p < .05). The in vitro methane production and metabolic energy (ME) value of FA50MA50 silage was lower than that of the control silage (p < .05). The in vitro organic matter digestion (OMD) values of FA25, MA25 and FA50MA50 silages were lower than that of control silage (p < .05). The molarities of acetic (AA), propionic (PA), butyric (BA), isovaleric (IVA), isobutyric (IBA) and total volatile fatty (TVFA) acids of the in vitro ruminal fermentation fluid for the FA50MA50 silage were lower than that of the control silage (p < .05). As a result, the addition of fumaric and maleic acids (0.25% alone and together, or 0.5% alone) in ensiling of corn herbage did not change the quality, acidity (except for propionic, butyric and isobutyric acids) and nutrient contents (except for non‐fiber carbohydrates and starch) and in vitro ruminal fermentation values (gas–methane production and organic acids). The combined use of 0.5% fumaric plus 0.5% maleic acid harmed silage quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation values. However, 0.5% maleic acid was partially more effective than those other organic acid additions in preserving linoleic and α‐linolenic acids in the silage material.