bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A questionnaire-based investigation to explore the social and legal implications derived from the use of camera traps for wildlife monitoring and conservation
Authors: Franchini Marcello , Rullman Stan , Claramunt-López Bernat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCamera traps are non-invasive monitoring tools largely used to detect species presence or population dynamics. The use of camera traps for wildlife conservation purposes raises questions about privacy invasion when images of people are taken. Throughout the use of an online questionnaire survey, we assessed the degree of knowledge about social and legal implications derived from the deployment of camera traps. Our results revealed a consistent gap in term of knowledge about legal implications derived by the use of camera traps among respondents. Most of those who were aware of such legislation did not take specific actions to prevent legal consequences, probably to reduce the risk of theft or vandalism. Most respondents declared that images of people were unintentionally collected. Some of them stated that images which may violate privacy issues or showed nefarious activities were stored for internal processing or reported to local authorities. Our research thus confirmed that privacy invasion is a widely poorly treated issue in the wildlife conservation dimension. Furthermore, despite camera traps being used to improve conservation efforts, the detection of individuals engaged in private or illegal activities poses further complications in terms of pursuance of legal actions when an individual is identified by these images. So, appropriate guidelines for images analysis need to be designed, and subsequently followed. Lastly, adopting effective methods to protect cameras from the risk of theft and/or vandalism is of primary concern.
Pushing the limits: ship rat (Rattus rattus) population dynamics across an elevational gradient in response to mast seeding and supplementary feeding
Authors: Carpenter Joanna K. , Monks Adrian , Innes John , Griffiths James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding marginal habitat use by invasive species is important for predicting how distributions may change under future climates. We investigated the influence of food availability and temperature on ship rat (Rattus rattus) distribution and density across a forested elevational gradient in New Zealand by measuring ship rat demographics following a beech (Nothofagaceae) mass seeding event (‘mast’) at three elevation bands (20–80, 400–500, 800–900 m asl). We tested whether declining food availability limits rat populations at the highest elevation band post-mast by experimentally increasing food abundance above baseline food availability. When our study started 4 months post-seedfall, rats at mid- and low- elevations were at high densities (11.4–16.5 ha−1). Rats at higher elevations were barely detectable, but densities peaked (9.4 ha−1) 10 months post-seedfall, with the initial increase possibly driven by immigration from lower elevations. All populations declined sharply over the next year. Supplementary feeding at high elevation increased survival, recruitment, and density of rats through winter, 16 months post-seedfall, relative to unfed grids, suggesting food limitation. However, both fed and non-fed populations declined to zero by the following spring, perhaps due to stoat (Mustela erminea) predation. Our results suggest that low food availability plays a significant role in restricting rats from cool, high elevation environments. The variation in the timing and magnitude of ship rat responses to the pulsed resource across the gradient also highlights the importance of initial population size and spatial processes as factors modulating ship rat responses to pulsed resources across a landscape.
Blended Social Impact Investment Transactions: Why Are They So Complex?
Authors: Moran Michael , Ward-Christie Libby 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBlended social impact investment (SII) transactions, in which multiple types of capital are combined to support attainment of social impact, are a pervasive, yet not closely examined, feature of the SII market. This paper seeks to describe and understand blended SII transactions through the lens of institutional theory. Specifically, we use the institutional logics theoretical frame to shed light on the implications of combining several institutional logics in SII transactions. Consistent with other SII research, we find that parties to blended SII transactions combine financial/commercial and social welfare logics. However, in blended SII transactions, different combinations of these logics are enacted by different stakeholders in a multi-hybrid-logic structure. As such, we propose that blended SII transactions are hybrids-of-hybrids. We argue that it is this hybrids-of-hybrid characteristic that differentiates blended SII transactions from other forms of SII and increases the potential for significant logical misalignment and resultant conflict and contestation. From a business ethics perspective, blended SII transactions cast light on the critical and often unrecognized role that grants and concessionary capital frequently play in enabling SII in not-for-profit, charitable ventures. We speculate that this can distort understanding of SII with adverse implications at the transaction and field levels.
Oxidative modification of cellulosic fibres by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase AA9A from Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Marjamaa Kaisa , Rahikainen Jenni , Karjalainen Marika , Maiorova Natalia , Holopainen-Mantila Ulla , Molinier Matthieu , Aro Nina , Nygren Heli , Mikkelson Atte , Koivula Anu , Kruus Kristiina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (EC1.14.99.53-56, LPMOs) are oxidative enzymes with the capability to enhance lignocellulose saccharification as well as nanofibrillation of cellulosic fibres. The parameters affecting the efficiency of oxidative modification of cotton linters and softwood kraft fibres by LPMO from Trichoderma reesei (Tr AA9A) were studied here. Circular dichroism experiments were carried out to analyze the thermal stability and to indicate the optimum temperature for the experiments. The enzyme was found to be most thermostable at pH 5 but can tolerate up to 40–50 °C at neutral pH. The enzymatic fibre oxidation efficiency was found to be dependent on reductant (gallic acid) and hydrogen peroxide supply in a pH dependent manner. A high resolution UHPLC-IM-MS method was used for identification of oxidized oligosaccharides released in the enzymatic treatments. A microscopy method was applied for analysis of single fibre dissolution kinetics of Tr AA9A pretreated softwood kraft fibres, demonstrating that the oxidative enzymatic treatment facilitated the fibre dissolution and degraded the fibre surface structures, which prevent swelling.
Graphical Abstract
PLXDC2 enhances invadopodium formation to promote invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via interacting with PTP1B
Authors: Wu Bin , Wang Yan-xia , Wang Jun-jie , Xiang Dong-fang , Zhang Meng-si , Yan Ze-xuan , Wang Wen-ying , Miao Jing-ya , Lan Xi , Liu Jia-jia , Li Zheng-yan , Li Chuan , Fan Jun-yan , Liu Jun-yan , Jiang Lei , Xu Sen-lin , Cui You-hong , Qian Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPlexin-domain containing 2 (PLXDC2) has been reported as an oncoprotein in several human malignancies. However, its expression and roles in gastric cancer remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that PLXDC2 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, and the expression levels were positively correlated with clinicopathological features, but negatively with the patients’ outcome. Cox regression analysis identified PLXDC2 as an independent prognostic indicator for the patients. Knockdown of PLXDC2 markedly suppressed the in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of gastric cancer cells, while overexpression of PLXDC2 resulted in opposite effects. Mechanistically, PLXDC2 enhanced the level of phosphorylated Cortactin (p-Cortactin) by physically interacting with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an important dephosphorylase, to prevent its dephosphorylating of p-Cortactin, thereby promoting the formation of invadopodia. Collectively, our results indicate that PLXDC2 contributes to the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by inhibiting PTP1B to facilitate the invadopodium formation, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for this disease.
The Simulated Body: A Preliminary Investigation into the Relationship Between Neuroscientific Studies, Phenomenology and Virtual Reality
Authors: Cantone Damiano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe author of this paper discusses the theme of the "simulated body", that is the sense of "being there” in a body that is not one's own, or that does not exist in the way one perceives it. He addresses this issue by comparing Immersive Virtual Reality technology, the phenomenological approach, and Gerald Edelman's theory of Neural Darwinism. Virtual Reality has been used to throw light on some phenomena that cannot be studied experimentally in real life, and the results of its simulations enrich the phenomenological discourse on the lived body. Virtual “Reality” seems to replicate—at least in part—the simulation mechanisms of our mind, thus favoring developments in the field of philosophy of mind.
A Schwarzian on the stretched horizon
Authors: Carlip S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is well known that the Euclidean black hole action has a boundary term at the horizon proportional to the area. I show that if the horizon is replaced by a stretched horizon with appropriate boundary conditions, a new boundary term appears, described by a Schwarzian action similar to the recently discovered boundary actions in “nearly anti-de Sitter” gravity.
Finite element method for estimation of applanation force and to study the influence of intraocular pressure of eye on tonometry
Authors: Bharathi R. B. , Poojary Rakshath G. , Prabhu Gopalakrishna K. , Ve Ramesh S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Discover the associations of force of applanation on the eye with the plunging depth of the cornea and quantify them. The results will be utilized as the feedback parameter in the new prototype development of eye care instruments as additional force may damage the internal structure of the eye or may result in erroneous output.

Method
A finite element-based eye model is designed utilizing the actual dimensions of the human eye. A standardized tonometer is designed and the simulation is carried out at predetermined deformation of the cornea to find the force of applanation on the cornea during tonometry. Adding on, the influence of IOP during tonometry is analyzed for a range of plunging depths of the cornea.

Results
The graphical results inferred the linear relation between the force of applanation with the deformation of the cornea and the results are quantified. The resulting deformation and stress plot of FEM based simulation approach is analyzed and observations regarding deformations and stress are made.

Conclusion
The human eye is successfully developed and also computed force on the cornea during tonometry is validated. The inference drawn from the deformation plot and stress plot is that the junction of cornea–sclera along with cornea-tonometer periphery undergo maximum deformation and experiences the highest stress compared to other areas of the eye while during tonometry.
Corrosion performance of a steel surface modified by a robust graphene-based superhydrophobic film with hierarchical roughness
Authors: Mohamed M. E. , Abd-El-Nabey B. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPotentiostatic deposition of cobalt film and cobalt-graphene, Co-G, composite, followed by modification with low surface energy stearic acid (SA), was used to fabricate superhydrophobic films on a steel substrate successfully. A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the surface morphology of the prepared superhydrophobic cobalt film modified by stearic acid, Co-SA, and the cobalt-graphene film modified by stearic acid, Co-G-SA. The findings show that both the fabricated films have micro-nanostructures. The Co-G-SA film shows a higher roughness due to the network structures of graphene and so exhibits higher superhydrophobicity. The Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, FTIR, results confirm the formation of Co-SA and Co-G-SA films on the steel surface. The wettability of the prepared films shows that they exhibit superhydrophobicity, where the Co-SA and Co-G-SA films have contact angles of 155° and 158°, respectively. The Potentiodynamic polarization results show that the value of the corrosion current density for steel coated with Co-SA (0.7094 µA) is lower than that of bare steel (0.1457 mA), while the coated steel with Co-G-SA film has the lowest value (0.1732 µA). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, results show that the charge transfer resistance for steel coated with Co-SA is 38 times that of bare steel, while steel coated with Co-SA is 57 times that of bare steel. Potentiodynamic polarization and EIS results show that the prepared Co-G-SA film superhydrophobic films exhibit higher corrosion resistance. Co-G-SA film has higher mechanical stability (maintains superhydrophobicity until 900 abrasion cycles), chemical stability (has superhydrophobicity in the pH range 1–13), and long-term stability (retains superhydrophobicity after 30 days in a 0.5 M NaCl solution) in 0.5 M NaCl solution.
The Role of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes
Authors: Luo Jian-Sheng , Ning Jia-Qi , Chen Zhuo-Ya , Li Wen-Jing , Zhou Rui-Ling , Yan Ru-Yu , Chen Meng-Jie , Ding Ling-Ling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a well known risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Mitochondria are the center of intracellular energy metabolism and the main source of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key factor in diabetes-associated brain alterations contributing to neurodegenerative events. Defective insulin signaling may act in concert with neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers neuronal energy exhaustion and oxidative stress, leading to brain neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. The normality of mitochondrial function is basically maintained by mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. In T2DM, defects in the mitochondrial quality control pathway in the brain have been found to lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the association of mitochondrial dysfunction with T2DM and cognitive impairment. We also review the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control and impacts of mitochondrial quality control on the progression of cognitive impairment in T2DM.
On the Gauss-Kronrod quadrature formula for a modified weight function of Chebyshev type
Authors: Orive Ramón , Pejčev Aleksandar V. , Spalević Miodrag M. , Mihić Ljubica 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Gauss-Kronrod quadrature formulas for a modified Chebyshev weight. Efficient estimates of the error of these Gauss–Kronrod formulae for analytic functions are obtained, using techniques of contour integration that were introduced by Gautschi and Varga (cf. Gautschi and Varga SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 20, 1170–1186 1983). Some illustrative numerical examples which show both the accuracy of the Gauss–Kronrod formulas and the sharpness of our estimations are displayed. Though for the sake of brevity we restrict ourselves to the first kind Chebyshev weight, a similar analysis may be carried out for the other three Chebyshev type weights; part of the corresponding computations are included in a final appendix.
How understanding soil chemistry can lead to better phosphate fertilizer practice: a 68 year journey (so far)
Authors: Barrow N. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper describes a journey which started with the question: why do farmers reapply phosphate? This led to understanding how phosphate and other specifically sorbed ions, both cations and anions react with soil. Under most soil conditions, they do not precipitate to give specific compounds. Rather they are specifically adsorbed onto the surface of soil particles and then penetrate the particles via diffusion mechanisms. The pathways by which they move differ between ion species; for example nickel penetrates the lattice of iron oxides but phosphate penetrates defects between particles. Such reactions change important properties of the soil. Reaction with phosphate conveys negative charge to the reacting surface and so decreases the buffering capacity for phosphate; this makes subsequent phosphate applications more effective. Nor does the diffusive penetration continue unabated; as phosphate builds up, diffusive penetration slows and then virtually stops. These effects mean that on long-term fertilised soils, phosphate fertiliser is much more effective and annual doses (if they are needed at all) should be much smaller. I suggest that failure to appreciate this is the cause of phosphate losses from farmland and consequent pollution of water bodies.
A quick and simple spectrophotometric method to determine total carbon concentrations in root exudate samples of grass species
Authors: Oburger Eva , Staudinger Christiana , Spiridon Andreea , Benyr Vera , Aleksza David , Wenzel Walter , Santangeli Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Root exudates are key components driving belowground interaction between plant, microbes and soil. High-end analytical approaches provide advanced insights into exudate metabolite diversity, however, the amount of total carbon (C) released by roots should always be determined as the most basic parameter when characterizing root exudation as it (i) provides quantitative information of C exuded into the surrounding soil and (ii) allows to relate the abundance of individual exudate compounds to total C released. Here we propose a simple and quick, spectrophotometry-based method to quantify total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in exudation samples that is based on measuring the absorption of a pre-filtered but otherwise untreated exudate sample at 260 nm (DOC260).

Method
Exudate samples collected from different grass genotypes (Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Hordeum vulgare) grown in various experimental settings (soil, hydroponic) were analysed with the DOC260 assay and results were compared with C concentrations obtained by liquid TOC-analyser.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that the DOC260 method allowed for quick and inexpensive measurements of total dissolved organic carbon concentrations in exudate samples from grass species grown under nutrient sufficient as well as under P deficient conditions. Interestingly, DOC260 failed to predict DOC concentrations in exudate samples from plants grown under Zn and Fe deficiency suggesting a strong shift in metabolite composition under micronutrient deficiency. Even though the applicability of the DOC260 method remains to be tested on exudate samples originating from dicots and plants exposed to other environmental stresses (e.g. pathogen attack, heavy metal stress, etc), it will help to increase our understanding of root exudation and related rhizosphere processes in the future.
Quantitative Evaluation of Supported Catalysts Key Properties from Electron Tomography Studies: Assessing Accuracy Using Material-Realistic 3D-Models
Authors: Bouzaine A. , Muñoz-Ocaña J. M. , Rodríguez-Chia A. , Hungría A. B. , Calvino J. J. , López-Haro M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectron Tomography (ET) reconstructions can be analysed, via segmentation techniques, to obtain quantitative, 3D-information about individual nanoparticles in supported catalysts. This includes values of parameters out of reach for any other technique, like their volume and surface, which are required to determine the dispersion of the supported particle system or the specific surface area of the support; two figures that play a major role in the performance of this type of catalysts.However, both the experimental conditions during the acquisition of the tilt series and the limited fidelity of the reconstruction and segmentation algorithms, restrict the quality of the ET results and introduce an undefined amount of error both in the qualitative features of the reconstructions and in all the quantitative parameters measured from them.Here, a method based on the use of well-defined 3D geometrical models (phantoms), with morphological features closely resembling those observed in experimental images of an Au/CeO2catalyst, has been devised to provide a precise estimation of the accuracy of the reconstructions. Using this approach, the influence of noise and the number of projections on the errors of reconstructions obtained using a Total Variation Minimization in 3D (TVM-3D) algorithm have been determined. Likewise, the benefits of using smart denoising techniques based on Undecimated Wavelet Transforms (UWT) have been also evaluated.The results clearly reveal a large impact of usual noise levels on both the quality of the reconstructions and nanometrological measurement errors. Quantitative clues about the key role of UWT to largely compensate them are also provided.
Incubation of canine dermal fibroblasts with serum from dogs with atopic dermatitis activates extracellular matrix signalling and represses oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Colitti Monica , Stefanon Bruno , Sandri Misa , Licastro Danilo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects on gene expression in canine fibroblasts after incubation with a medium enriched with atopic dermatitis canine serum (CAD) compared with healthy canine serum (CTRL) and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Differential Expression and Pathway analysis (iDEP94) in R package (v0.92) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a False Discovery Rate of 0.01. DEGs from fibroblasts incubated with CAD serum were significantly upregulated and enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and focal adhesion signalling but downregulated in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Genes involved in profibrotic processes, such as TGFB1, INHBA, ERK1/2, and the downward regulated genes (collagens and integrins), were significantly upregulated after fibroblasts were exposed to CAD serum. The observed downregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation suggests metabolic dysregulation toward a myofibroblast phenotype responsible for fibrosis. No differences were found when comparing CTRL with FBS. The DEGs identified in fibroblasts incubated with CAD serum suggest activation of signalling pathways involved in gradual differentiation through a myofibroblast precursors that represent the onset of fibrosis. Molecular and metabolic knowledge of fibroblast changes can be used to identify biomarkers of the disease and new potential pharmacological targets.