bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK practice on incidentally detected non-functioning pituitary microadenomas: analysis of two national surveys during a 12-year interval
Authors: Hamblin Ross , Fountas Athanasios , Levy Miles , Karavitaki Niki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The optimal management approach for presumed non-functioning pituitary microadenomas (microNFPAs) remains unclear. Our aim was to capture current UK practice and identify changes with time.

Methods
Two online surveys investigating clinicians’ approaches were performed in 2009–2010 and 2021–2022 (advertised through Society for Endocrinology UK).

Results
150 and 214 clinicians participated in the 2021 and 2009 survey, respectively (response rates 31.2% and 35.4%, respectively). At baseline, 2021 survey respondents were more likely to measure IGF-1 (96.0% vs 74.1%, p < 0.001) and morning cortisol (87.9% vs 62.6%, p < 0.001), and less likely GH (26.2% vs 42.6% p = 0.002), 24 h urine free cortisol (3.4% vs 23.2%, p < 0.0001) or dynamically assess adrenal reserve (11.4% vs 30.4%, p < 0.001). 47.2% of clinicians in 2021 would reassess pituitary function annually until discharge (in absence of tumour growth/symptoms). The 2021 survey respondents were more likely to stop imaging at or before 3 years (81.7% vs 44.3%, p < 0.001) and at or before 5 years (86.6.% vs 72.9%, p = 0.002), whilst 2009 survey respondents were more likely to continue imaging beyond 5 years (24% vs 7%, p < 0.001). Responses on imaging frequency/intervals showed notable variability in both surveys.

Conclusions
Diagnostic and management approaches for microNFPAs have evolved in the UK. Biochemical investigations are performed in accord with consensus guidelines, though many clinicians perform annual biochemical surveillance without tumour growth/symptoms. A small number of clinicians request imaging beyond 5 years, but the frequency of imaging intervals until discharge remains variable. Robust evidence on the long-term natural history of microNFPAs is necessary to unify clinician approach.
Workplace Social Capital: Redefining and Measuring the Construct
Authors: Tsounis Andreas , Xanthopoulou Despoina , Demerouti Evangelia , Kafetsios Konstantinos , Tsaousis Ioannis 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough workplace social capital (WSC) is a relevant construct that contributes positively to employee and organizational wellness, there is lack of consensus regarding its definition and measurement. The aim of this paper was to synthesize a valid definition of WSC and develop an instrument measuring the construct. Based on a literature review of existing definitions (Phase 1), we conceptualized WSC as a workplace resource that concerns employees’ perceptions regarding trust, reciprocity (cognitive WSC), and network interactions (structural WSC) that exist among peers (bonding WSC) and among individuals across hierarchical levels and organizations (bridging WSC). Next, we developed the WSC Inventory (WoSCi; Phase 2) and, we tested the psychometric properties of the new scale (Phase 3). The initial structure of the scale was explored in a sample of university employees (N = 376). Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis in a heterogeneous sample of 733 employees nested in 158 work groups supported the hypothesized factor structure of the WoSCi. Results also supported the internal consistency, as well as the convergent, criterion-related and incremental validity of the WoSCi in explaining work engagement, burnout, job performance over and above similar constructs, such as individual social capital and psychological capital. These results highlight the relevance of WSC as defined and measured with the WoSCi and underline its value for explaining work-related well-being and organizational behavior.
The Van Allen Probes Electric Field and Waves Instrument: Science Results, Measurements, and Access to Data
Authors: Breneman A. W. , Wygant J. R. , Tian S. , Cattell C. A. , Thaller S. A. , Goetz K. , Tyler E. , Colpitts C. , Dai L. , Kersten K. , Bonnell J. W. , Bale S. D. , Mozer F. S. , Harvey P. R. , Dalton G. , Ergun R. E. , Malaspina D. M. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Smith C. , Holzworth R. H. , Lejosne S. , Agapitov O. , Artemyev A. , Hudson M. K. , Strangeway R. J. , Baker D. N. , Li X. , Albert J. , Foster J. C. , Erickson P. J. , Chaston C. C. , Mann I. , Donovan E. , Cully C. M. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Blake J. B. , Millan R. , Halford A. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Van Allen Probes Electric Fields and Waves (EFW) instrument provided measurements of electric fields and spacecraft floating potentials over a wide dynamic range from DC to 6.5 kHz near the equatorial plane of the inner magnetosphere between 600 km altitude and 5.8 Re geocentric distance from October 2012 to November 2019. The two identical instruments provided data to investigate the quasi-static and low frequency fields that drive large-scale convection, waves induced by interplanetary shock impacts that result in rapid relativistic particle energization, ultra-low frequency (ULF) MHD waves which can drive radial diffusion, and higher frequency wave fields and time domain structures that provide particle pitch angle scattering and energization. In addition, measurements of the spacecraft potential provided a density estimate in cold plasmas ($<20~\text{eV}$
<
20

eV
) from 10 to $3000~\text{cm}^{-3}$
3000

cm

−
3

. The EFW instrument provided analog electric field signals to EMFISIS for wave analysis, and it received 3d analog signals from the EMFISIS search coil sensors for inclusion in high time resolution waveform data.The electric fields and potentials were measured by current-biased spherical sensors deployed at the end of four 50 m booms in the spacecraft spin plane (spin period $\sim11~\text{sec}$
∼
11

sec
) and a pair of stacer booms with a total tip-tip separation of 15 m along the spin axis. Survey waveform measurements at 16 and/or 32 S/sec (with a nominal uncertainty of 0.3 mV/m over the prime mission) were available continuously while burst waveform captures at up to 16,384 S/sec provided high frequency waveforms.This post-mission paper provides the reader with information useful for accessing, understanding and using EFW data. Selected science results are discussed and used to highlight instrument capabilities. Science quantities, data quality and error sources, and analysis routines are documented.
Identification of FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) through computational virtual screening
Authors: Jade Dhananjay , Alzahrani Areej , Critchley William , Ponnambalam Sreenivasan , Harrison Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak, which overwhelmed millions of people worldwide; hence, there is an urgency to identify appropriate antiviral drugs. This study focuses on screening compounds that inhibit RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) essential for RNA synthesis required for replication of positive-strand RNA viruses. Computational screening against RdRp using Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs identified ten prominent compounds with binding energies of more than − 10.00 kcal/mol, each a potential inhibitor of RdRp. These compounds’ binding energy is comparable to known RdRp inhibitors remdesivir (IC50 = 10.09 μM, SI = 4.96) and molnupiravir (EC50 = 0.67 − 2.66 µM) and 0.32–2.03 µM). Remdesivir and molnupiravir have been tested in clinical trial and remain authorized for emergency use in the treatment of COVID-19. In docking simulations, selected compounds are bound to the substrate-binding pocket of RdRp and showed hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interaction. For molecular dynamics simulation, capmatinib, pralsetinib, ponatinib, and tedizolid phosphate were selected from the initial ten candidate compounds. MD simulation indicated that these compounds are stable at 50-ns MD simulation when bound to RdRp protein. The screen hit compounds, remdesivir, molnupiravir, and GS-441524, are bound in the substrate binding pocket with good binding-free energy. As a consequence, capmatinib, pralsetinib, ponatinib, and tedizolid phosphate are potential new inhibitors of RdRp protein with potential of limiting COVID-19 infection by blocking RNA synthesis.
Thermochemistry in the twenty-first century–quo vadis? In silico assisted diagnostics of available thermochemical data
Authors: Verevkin Sergey P. , Samarov Artemiy A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhich comes first, experiment or theory? The answer is obvious—the experiment comes first. But how to be sure that the result of the experiment is reliable? Perhaps the crucial criterion is that the result should be consistent with the network of knowledge already available. In this study, we propose a step-by-step algorithm for quality diagnostics of thermochemical data on enthalpies of formation and enthalpies of phase transitions of organic compounds. The consistency of the data is studied and established using empirical structure–property correlations as well as using quantum chemical calculations. The diagnostic algorithm is exemplarily demonstrated on a series of alkyl-substituted benzophenones for which conflicting thermochemical data were available.
Drought-Stricken U.S. States Have More Comprehensive Water-Related Hazard Planning
Authors: Jedd Theresa , Smith Kelly Helm 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite the devastating impacts of droughts, the United States lacks a national drought plan. This leaves states to address droughts in water, hazard, and stand-alone plans which are designed to reduce drought vulnerability and to prepare government, industry, and society to cope with the impacts. Yet, there is limited empirical research that evaluates the comprehensiveness of these plans, specifically in terms of whether they include preparedness and mitigation measures or triggers for action and response. To fill this gap, this study’s first aim was to establish an evaluation framework based on principles from the drought mitigation literature. The study then evaluated 171 state-level plans with the framework, and simultaneously collected interview data to contextualize the results. In a final step, the scores were employed in a statistical analysis of whether states with higher physical exposure to drought have more comprehensive planning. The study finds states that have experienced more frequent and severe drought plan more comprehensively, suggesting that the occurrence of drought may be an intrinsic driver for planning. The study concludes that planning and preparing for droughts is a necessary but complex undertaking requiring interdisciplinary, interagency efforts that the U.S.’ decentralized, federalist political system is suited to address. If generalization is warranted, the results suggest that the physical occurrence of drought can act as a policy catalyst.
There are (almost) no robots in journalism. An attempt at a differentiated classification and terminology of automation in journalism on the base of the concept of distributed and gradualised action
Authors: Mooshammer Sandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman-Machine Communication and fields like journalism studies have been discussing new technological developments in journalism, especially automation technologies like automated writing software. However, existing literature has terminological problems: Terms are not distinctly defined and delimited, different aspects can be referred to with the same term, while different, often misleading, terms exist for the same aspect. As a result, it is often unclear which concept is being referred to. To gain a better understanding and modeling of automation in journalism as well as a theoretical foundation, this paper first describes current problems with terms used in scientific literature and argues that existing automation taxonomies are not fully transferrable to journalism, making a new theoretical basis necessary. Subsequently, Rammert and Schulz-Schaeffer’s concept of distributed and gradualised action is described and proposed as such a theoretical basis for the unification of terminology and conceptual foundations, providing the opportunity to empirically and normatively describe automation as well as delivering necessary theoretical underpinnings. Lastly, the concept is applied to automation in journalism, resulting in a proposed automation concept, suggestions for terminology, and further implications for Human-Machine Communication theory.
Investigations on sheet metal forming of hybrid parts in different stress states
Authors: Hafenecker Jan , Merklein Marion 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConventional processes are being pushed to their limits by growing demands in terms of sustainability and diversity of variants. Hybrid components, which are produced by a combination of two or more manufacturing processes, are a suitable way of meeting these challenges. The combination of sheet metal forming processes with additive manufacturing offers the potential to link personalized components with standardized parts. Knowing that the additively manufactured components influence the forming process, it is essential to understand the interactions in detail. Therefore, this work will compare the influence of several additively manufactured elements (AME) for deep drawing with two different punch geometries. The approach used combines experimental and numerical investigations to improve process insight in relation to sheet metal forming of hybrid components. The results show that the AMEs amplify existing stresses and strains in dependence of the present load. Sections subjected to low loads, as it is found in the bottom of the cup manufactured with a cylindrical punch, are hardly affected, whereas stronger loaded areas, e.g. the center of the parts manufactured with a hemispherical punch, are affected all the more.
Sims and Vulnerability: On the Ethics of Creating Emulated Minds
Authors: Chomanski Bartlomiej 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt might become possible to build artificial minds with the capacity for experience. This raises a plethora of ethical issues, explored, among others, in the context of whole brain emulations (WBE). In this paper, I will take up the problem of vulnerability – given, for various reasons, less attention in the literature – that the conscious emulations will likely exhibit. Specifically, I will examine the role that vulnerability plays in generating ethical issues that may arise when dealing with WBEs. I will argue that concerns about vulnerability are more matters of institutional design than individual ethics, both when it comes to creating humanlike brain emulations, and when animal-like emulations are concerned. Consequently, the article contains reflection on some institutional measures that can be taken to protect the sims' interests. It concludes that an institutional framework more likely to succeed in this task is competitive and poly-centric, rather than monopolistic and centralized.
(Healthy) Aging Patterns in Europe: A Multistate Health Transition Approach
Authors: Solé-Auró Aïda , Gumà Jordi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe explore patterns and determinants of health transition probabilities by combining outcomes of morbidity and mortality to examine different aging patterns across Europe, and to ascertain how individual socio-demographic characteristics modify these patterns. We use panel data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004– 2017) for 76,536 individuals aged 50 + in 20 European countries who participated in at least two waves. All transition probabilities were calculated applying a multistate analytical approach. Our findings show significant gender, education, and cohort differences in health transition probabilities and marked cross-country group differences. Central and Northern European countries present lower probabilities of health deterioration than Southern and, especially, Eastern European countries. Having a high level of education, living in Central Europe, and being younger are associated with lower probabilities of health deterioration and, if any, a higher probability of being restored to good health. We found less evidence of differences when transitions end in death. Our study contributes to this line of research by implementing a multistate approach using European harmonized panel dataset, to examine the effects of birth cohort, educational attainment and gender differences on health transitions. Our findings point to the need to consider the specific influence of individual factors in the aging process in different transitions according to the context and with reference to specific vulnerable groups. In the context of aging societies, such a consideration is both essential and policy relevant.
A Novel Method of Minimally Invasive Repair of Pectus Excavatum (MIRPE) in Patients with Bilateral Breast Prostheses: a Report of Two Patients
Authors: Arredondo Montero Javier , Martín-Calvo Nerea , Bardají Pascual Carlos 
Published: November 2022

Abstract The literature on minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum in patients with breast prostheses is very scarce, with only one report to date. We present two cases treated in our center in which this technique was performed without prior removal of the breast prostheses. In one of the patients, a sternal zenithal traction system was additionally used to facilitate retrosternal dissection. In this work, we present the technical details of the procedure. One of the patients presented with postoperative Dressler’s syndrome which resolved with conservative measures. We found no correlation between this complication and the presence of breast prostheses. After 4 and 2 years respectively, both patients are asymptomatic, with an adequate correction of the defect, and being followed up. Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum technique is safe and feasible in patients with bilateral breast prostheses. The placement of breast prostheses prior to the correction of rib cage deformities leads to an unpredictable aesthetic result in certain aspects, such as the exact positioning of the nipple areola complex. The approach to this pathology by a pediatric surgeon, who considers not only the aesthetic aspect but also the rib cage involvement and the potential presence of additional malformations (for example, a Poland sequence), is, in the authors’ opinion, beneficial to the overall outcome of these patients.
Hospital utilisation and the costs associated with complications of ICD implantation in a contemporary primary prevention cohort
Authors: van Barreveld M. , Verstraelen T. E. , Buskens E. , van Dessel P. F. H. M. , Boersma L. V. A. , Delnoy P. P. H. M. , Tuinenburg A. E. , Theuns D. A. M. J. , van der Voort P. H. , Kimman G. P. , Zwinderman A. H. , Wilde A. A. M. , Dijkgraaf M. G. W. ,   DO-IT investigators, van Barreveld M. , Verstraelen T. E. , Buskens E. , van Dessel P. F. H. M. , Boersma L. V. A. , Delnoy P. P. H. M. , Tuinenburg A. E. , Theuns D. A. M. J. , van der Voort P. H. , Kimman G. P. , Zwinderman A. H. , Wilde A. A. M. , Dijkgraaf M. G. W. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is standard care for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, ICD-related complications are increasing as the population of ICD recipients grows.

Methods
ICD-related complications in a national DO-IT Registry cohort of 1442 primary prevention ICD patients were assessed in terms of additional use of hospital care resources and costs.

Results
During a median follow-up of 28.7 months (IQR 25.2–33.7) one or more complications occurred in 13.5% of patients. A complication resulted in a surgical intervention in 53% of cases and required on average 3.65 additional hospital days. The additional hospital costs were €6,876 per complication or €8,110 per patient, to which clinical re-interventions and additional hospital days contributed most. Per category of complications, infections required most hospital utilisation and were most expensive at an average of €22,892. The mean costs were €5,800 for lead-related complications, €2,291 for pocket-related complications and €5,619 for complications due to other causes. We estimate that the total yearly incidence-based costs in the Netherlands for hospital management of ICD-related complications following ICD implantation for primary prevention are €2.7 million.

Conclusion
Complications following ICD implantation are related to a substantial additional need for hospital resources. When performing cost-effectiveness analyses of ICD implantation, including the costs associated with complications, one should be aware that real-world complication rates may deviate from trial data. Considering the economic implications, strategies to reduce the incidence of complications are encouraged.
Combining market and nonmarket food sources provides rural households with more options to achieve better diets in Southern Benin
Authors: Bellon Mauricio R. , Ntandou-Bouzitou Gervais , Lauderdale Janet E. , Caracciolo Francesco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the relative contributions to dietary diversity of the diversity of plant and domesticated animal species which rural households produce or collect, i.e., nonmarket food sources, versus the diversity of foods purchased in markets. Although opinions differ in the literature as to their relative importance, clarifying how different sources of food contribute to the dietary diversity of rural households in the developing world is important to inform policies and interventions to improve their food security and dietary quality. This case study was carried out among a random sample of 654 rural households in southern Benin during two seasons: when food is plentiful after harvest; and when food is scarcer between harvests. We collected data on crops, wild plants, and domesticated animals utilized by households, the number of markets they visited, and the diet of a mother in the household, with a structured 24-hour food frequency questionnaire. We hypothesize that the number of markets visited is an indicator of the diversity of foods available in the markets they have access to, and thus shows the contribution of markets as food sources. Results support this hypothesis and show that households that produced more plant and domesticated animal species and those that visited more markets had more diversified diets. Obtaining diverse foods from multiple sources provides households with more options to achieve better diets. These results suggest a need for a more holistic approach that recognizes the complementarities between market and nonmarket sources of foods. This approach should build on the diversity of species rural households already utilize, and on the ways they interact with markets.
High vs. low radiotherapy dose in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy: an endemic area population-based study
Authors: Li Chia-Chin , Chen Chih-Yi , Chou Ying-Hsiang , Huang Chih-Jen , Ku Hsiu-Ying , Lin Ying-Chun , Chien Chun-Ru 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The optimal radiotherapy dose for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in endemic areas treated with neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy is unclear.

Methods
Eligible patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019 were identified via the Taiwan Cancer Registry. We used propensity score (PS) weighting to balance observable potential confounders. The hazard ratio (HR) of death was compared between high dose (50–50.4 Gy) and low dose (40–41.4 Gy) radiotherapy. We also evaluated other outcomes and performed supplementary analyses via an alternative approach.

Results
Our study population consisted of 644 patients. The PS weight-adjusted HR of death was 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.7–1.19, p = 0.51). There were no statistically significant differences for other outcomes or supplementary analyses.

Conclusions
In this population-based study from an endemic area, we found no significant difference in overall survival between high vs. low radiotherapy doses.