bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paired Domination in Trees
Authors: Gorzkowska Aleksandra , Henning Michael A. , Kleszcz Elżbieta , Pilśniak Monika 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA set S of vertices in a graph G is a paired dominating set if every vertex of G is adjacent to a vertex in S and the subgraph induced by S contains a perfect matching (not necessarily as an induced subgraph). The paired domination number, $$\gamma _{\mathrm{pr}}(G)$$

γ
pr

(
G
)

, of G is the minimum cardinality of a paired dominating set of G. In this paper, we show that if T is a tree of order at least 2, then $$\gamma _{\mathrm{pr}}(T) \le 2\alpha (T) - \varphi (T)$$

γ
pr

(
T
)

≤
2
α

(
T
)

-
φ

(
T
)

where $$\alpha (T)$$

α
(
T
)

is the independence number and $$\varphi (T)$$

φ
(
T
)

is the $$P_3$$

P
3

-packing number. We present a tight upper bound on the paired domination number of a tree T in terms of its maximum degree $$\varDelta$$
Δ
. For $$\varDelta \ge 1$$

Δ
≥
1

, we show that if T is a tree of order n with maximum degree $$\varDelta$$
Δ
, then $$\gamma _{\mathrm{pr}}(T) \le \left( \frac{5\varDelta -4}{8\varDelta -4} \right) n + \frac{1}{2}n_1(T) + \frac{1}{4}n_2(T) - \left( \frac{\varDelta -2}{4\varDelta -2} \right)$$

γ
pr

(
T
)

≤

5
Δ
-
4

8
Δ
-
4

n
+

1
2

n
1

(
T
)

+

1
4

n
2

(
T
)

-

Δ
-
2

4
Δ
-
2

, where $$n_1(T)$$

n
1

(
T
)

and $$n_2(T)$$

n
2

(
T
)

denote the number of vertices of degree 1 and 2, respectively, in T. Further, we show that this bound is tight for all $$\varDelta \ge 3$$

Δ
≥
3

. As a consequence of this result, if T is a tree of order $$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, then $$\gamma _{\mathrm{pr}}(T) \le \frac{5}{8} n + \frac{1}{2}n_1(T) + \frac{1}{4}n_2(T)$$

γ
pr

(
T
)

≤

5
8

n
+

1
2

n
1

(
T
)

+

1
4

n
2

(
T
)

, and this bound is asymptotically best possible.
Galectin-3 is elevated in CSF and is associated with Aβ deposits and tau aggregates in brain tissue in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Boza-Serrano Antonio , Vrillon Agathe , Minta Karolina , Paulus Agnes , Camprubí-Ferrer Lluís , Garcia Megg , Andreasson Ulf , Antonell Anna , Wennström Malin , Gouras Gunnar , Dumurgier Julien , Cognat Emmanuel , Molina-Porcel Laura , Balasa Mircea , Vitorica Javier , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Paquet Claire , Venero Jose Luis , Blennow Kaj , Deierborg Tomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGalectin-3 (Gal-3) is a beta-galactosidase binding protein involved in microglial activation in the central nervous system (CNS). We previously demonstrated the crucial deleterious role of Gal-3 in microglial activation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Under AD conditions, Gal-3 is primarily expressed by microglial cells clustered around Aβ plaques in both human and mouse brain, and knocking out Gal-3 reduces AD pathology in AD-model mice. To further unravel the importance of Gal-3-associated inflammation in AD, we aimed to investigate the Gal-3 inflammatory response in the AD continuum. First, we measured Gal-3 levels in neocortical and hippocampal tissue from early-onset AD patients, including genetic and sporadic cases. We found that Gal-3 levels were significantly higher in both cortex and hippocampus in AD subjects. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Gal-3+ microglial cells were associated with amyloid plaques of a larger size and more irregular shape and with neurons containing tau-inclusions. We then analyzed the levels of Gal-3 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients (n = 119) compared to control individuals (n = 36). CSF Gal-3 levels were elevated in AD patients compared to controls and more strongly correlated with tau (p-Tau181 and t-tau) and synaptic markers (GAP-43 and neurogranin) than with amyloid-β. Lastly, principal component analysis (PCA) of AD biomarkers revealed that CSF Gal-3 clustered and associated with other CSF neuroinflammatory markers, including sTREM-2, GFAP, and YKL-40. This neuroinflammatory component was more highly expressed in the CSF from amyloid-β positive (A+), CSF p-Tau181 positive (T+), and biomarker neurodegeneration positive/negative (N+/−) (A + T + N+/−) groups compared to the A + T−N− group. Overall, Gal-3 stands out as a key pathological biomarker of AD pathology that is measurable in CSF and, therefore, a potential target for disease-modifying therapies involving the neuroinflammatory response.
Molecular Regulation of Biosynthesis of Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Datsomor Alex K. , Gillard Gareth , Jin Yang , Olsen Rolf E. , Sandve Simen R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSalmon is a rich source of health-promoting omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). The LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway in Atlantic salmon is one of the most studied compared to other teleosts. This has largely been due to the massive replacement of LC-PUFA-rich ingredients in aquafeeds with terrestrial plant oils devoid of these essential fatty acids (EFA) which ultimately pushed dietary content towards the minimal requirement of EFA. The practice would also reduce tissue content of n-3 LC-PUFA compromising the nutritional value of salmon to the human consumer. These necessitated detailed studies of endogenous biosynthetic capability as a contributor to these EFA. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of the current knowledge about the molecular genetics of PUFA biosynthesis in Atlantic salmon, highlighting the enzymology and nutritional regulation as well as transcriptional control networks. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of genome duplication on the complexity of salmon LC-PUFA pathway and highlight probable implications on endogenous biosynthetic capabilities. Finally, we have also compiled and made available a large RNAseq dataset from 316 salmon liver samples together with an R-script visualization resource to aid in explorative and hypothesis-driven research into salmon lipid metabolism.
Towards an axiomatic approach to truth discovery
Authors: Singleton Joseph , Booth Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe problem of truth discovery, i.e., of trying to find the true facts concerning a number of objects based on reports from various information sources of unknown trustworthiness, has received increased attention recently. The problem is made interesting by the fact that the relative believability of facts depends on the trustworthiness of their sources, which in turn depends on the believability of the facts the sources report. Several algorithms for truth discovery have been proposed, but their evaluation has mainly been performed experimentally by computing accuracy against large datasets. Furthermore, it is often unclear how these algorithms behave on an intuitive level. In this paper we take steps towards a framework for truth discovery which allows comparison and evaluation of algorithms based instead on their theoretical properties. To do so we pose truth discovery as a social choice problem, and formulate various axioms that any reasonable algorithm should satisfy. Along the way we provide an axiomatic characterisation of the baseline ‘Voting’ algorithm—which leads to an impossibility result showing that a certain combination of the axioms cannot hold simultaneously—and check which axioms a particular well-known algorithm satisfies. We find that, surprisingly, our more fundamental axioms do not hold, and propose modifications to the algorithms to partially fix these problems.
Stochastic relaxed inertial forward-backward-forward splitting for monotone inclusions in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Cui Shisheng , Shanbhag Uday , Staudigl Mathias , Vuong Phan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider monotone inclusions defined on a Hilbert space where the operator is given by the sum of a maximal monotone operatorTand a single-valued monotone, Lipschitz continuous, and expectation-valued operatorV. We draw motivation from the seminal work by Attouch and Cabot (Attouch in AMO 80:547–598, 2019, Attouch in MP 184: 243–287) on relaxed inertial methods for monotone inclusions and present a stochastic extension of the relaxed inertial forward–backward-forward method. Facilitated by an online variance reduction strategy via a mini-batch approach, we show that our method produces a sequence that weakly converges to the solution set. Moreover, it is possible to estimate the rate at which the discrete velocity of the stochastic process vanishes. Under strong monotonicity, we demonstrate strong convergence, and give a detailed assessment of the iteration and oracle complexity of the scheme. When the mini-batch is raised at a geometric (polynomial) rate, the rate statement can be strengthened to a linear (suitable polynomial) rate while the oracle complexity of computing an$$\epsilon $$ϵ-solution improves to$${\mathcal {O}}(1/\epsilon )$$O(1/ϵ). Importantly, the latter claim allows for possibly biased oracles, a key theoretical advancement allowing for far broader applicability. By defining a restricted gap function based on the Fitzpatrick function, we prove that the expected gap of an averaged sequence diminishes at a sublinear rate of$${\mathcal {O}}(1/k)$$O(1/k)while the oracle complexity of computing a suitably defined$$\epsilon $$ϵ-solution is$${\mathcal {O}}(1/\epsilon ^{1+a})$$O(1/ϵ1+a)where$$a > 1$$a>1. Numerical results on two-stage games and an overlapping group Lasso problem illustrate the advantages of our method compared to competitors.
Human-in-the-loop handling of knowledge drift
Authors: Bontempelli Andrea , Giunchiglia Fausto , Passerini Andrea , Teso Stefano 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe introduce and study knowledge drift (KD), a special form of concept drift that occurs in hierarchical classification. Under KD the vocabulary of concepts, their individual distributions, and the is-a relations between them can all change over time. The main challenge is that, since the ground-truth concept hierarchy is unobserved, it is hard to tell apart different forms of KD. For instance, the introduction of a new is-a relation between two concepts might be confused with changes to those individual concepts, but it is far from equivalent. Failure to identify the right kind of KD compromises the concept hierarchy used by the classifier, leading to systematic prediction errors. Our key observation is that in human-in-the-loop applications like smart personal assistants the user knows what kind of drift occurred recently, if any. Motivated by this observation, we introduce trckd, a novel approach that combines two automated stages—drift detection and adaptation—with a new interactive disambiguation stage in which the user is asked to refine the machine’s understanding of recently detected KD. In addition, trckd implements a simple but effective knowledge-aware adaptation strategy. Our simulations show that, when the structure of the concept hierarchy drifts, a handful of queries to the user are often enough to substantially improve prediction performance on both synthetic and realistic data.
Constant-r geodesics in the Painlevé–Gullstrand form of Lense–Thirring spacetime
Authors: Baines Joshua , Berry Thomas , Simpson Alex , Visser Matt 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein we explore the non-equatorial constant-r (“quasi-circular”) geodesics (both timelike and null) in the Painlevé–Gullstrand variant of the Lense–Thirring spacetime recently introduced by the current authors. Even though the spacetime is not spherically symmetric, shells of constant-r geodesics still exist. Whereas the radial motion is (by construction) utterly trivial, determining the allowed locations of these constant-r geodesics is decidedly non-trivial, and the stability analysis is equally tricky. Regarding the angular motion, these constant-r orbits will be seen to exhibit both precession and nutation — typically with incommensurate frequencies. Thus this constant-r geodesic motion, though integrable in the precise technical sense, is generically surface-filling, with the orbits completely covering a symmetric equatorial band which is a segment of a spherical surface, (a so-called “spherical zone”), and whose latitudinal extent is governed by delicate interplay between the orbital angular momentum and the Carter constant. The situation is qualitatively similar to that for the (exact) Kerr spacetime — but we now see that any physical model having the same slow-rotation weak-field limit as general relativity will still possess non-equatorial constant-r geodesics.
Parental Self-Efficacy and Intra- and Extra-Familial Relationships
Authors: Salo Anne-Elina , Junttila Niina , Vauras Marja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRelationships are at the heart of well-being. Parental self-efficacy emerges as a powerful construct for understanding parenting and parent–child relationships. However, person-centered approaches that allow identification of different family-specific configurations of mothers’ and fathers’ parental self-efficacy and potential within-family discrepancies remain scarce. Families are more than the sums of their parts, and holistic approaches are needed to deepen our understanding of potential family-level accumulation of relationship well-being and vulnerability. A latent profile analysis of 249 families of preadolescents identified four family profiles of parental self-efficacy: (1) low–low, (2) low–average, (3) high–average, and (4) high–high (a mother’s–a father’s parental self-efficacy within the family). We further applied the Mplus auxiliary function to explore what characterizes mothers’, fathers’, and their preadolescents’ intra- and extra-familial relationships within these profiles. Belonging to the balanced low parental self-efficacy family profile was associated with intra- and extra-familial relationship vulnerability: mothers, fathers, and preadolescents reported the highest social and emotional loneliness, parents perceived their family communication as less open, and preadolescents were evaluated as the least prosocial (in parent, teacher, and peer evaluations) and as the most antisocial (in parent evaluations). Mothers’, fathers’, and preadolescents’ intra- and extra-familial relationship well-being was the strongest in high parental self-efficacy family profiles. Promoting parental self-efficacy can be a promising way to enhance all family members’ relationship well-being. Moreover, as loneliness experiences accumulated in the balanced low parental self-efficacy family profile, efforts to tackle preadolescents’ loneliness should acknowledge the well-being of all family members.
Is it feasible to measure intra-abdominal pressure using a balloon-tipped rectal catheter? Results of a validation study
Authors: Staelens Anneleen S. , Heymans Ann , Christiaens Sigrid , Van Regenmortel Niels , Gyselaers Wilfried , Malbrain Manu L. N. G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe gold standard to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is intra-vesical measurement via the urinary bladder. However, this technique is restricted in ambulatory settings because of the risk of iatrogenic urinary tract infections. Rectal IAP measurements (IAPrect) may overcome these limitations, but requires validation. This validation study compares the IAPrect technique against gold standard intra-vesical IAP measurements (IAPves). IAPrect using an air-filled balloon catheter and IAPves using Foley Manometer Low Volume were measured simultaneously in sedated and ventilated patients. Measurements were performed twice in different positions (supine and HOB 45° elevated head of bed) and with an external abdominal pressure belt. Sixteen patients were included. Seven were not eligible for analysis due to unreliable IAPrect values. IAPrect was significantly higher than IAPves for all body positions (p < 0.01) and the correlation between IAPves and IAPrect was poor and not significant in each position (p ≥ 0.25, R2 < 0.6, Lin’s CCC < 0.8, bias − 8.1 mmHg and precision of 5.6 mmHg with large limits of agreement between − 19 to 2.9 mmHg, high percentage error 67.3%, and low concordance 86.2%). Repeatability of IAPrect was not reliable (R = 0.539, p = 0.315). For both techniques, measurements with the external abdominal pressure belt were significantly higher compared to those without (p < 0.03). IAPrect has important shortcomings making IAP estimation using a rectal catheter unfeasible because the numbers cannot be trusted nor validated.
From Mock-Up to Module: Development Practice between Planning and Prototype
Authors: Desai Deval , Lang Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn her article from 2019, Fleur Johns describes a change: from a style of development work marked by a propensity for ‘planning’, to one marked by a propensity for ‘prototyping’. Our project in this paper is to propose a modest shift in perspective. Where Johns traces a transition from old to new styles, we emphasise the enduring links between planning and prototyping, such that both styles are best understood through their ongoing relationships and entanglements. Returning to Pulse Lab Jakarta (PLJ), the site of Johns’ initial inquiry, we offer a reinterpretation of what might be novel about PLJ for development practice. Our claim is that to understand the particular intervention that PLJ represents, and the new modes of practice it produces, it may be helpful to understand PLJ's work in the manner of a ‘modular’ attachment to existing development apparatuses, that combines big data analytics with design thinking. We then develop some reflections and speculations on the forms and novelty of PLJ in light of our redescription of its work in the language of modularity.
Moments of the Ruin Time in a Lévy Risk Model
Authors: Strietzel Philipp Lukas , Behme Anita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe derive formulas for the moments of the ruin time in a Lévy risk model and use these to determine the asymptotic behavior of the moments of the ruin time as the initial capital tends to infinity. In the special case of the perturbed Cramér-Lundberg model with phase-type or even exponentially distributed claims, we explicitly compute the first two moments of the ruin time. All our considerations distinguish between the profitable and the unprofitable setting.
Prescribing at 95 years of age: cross-sectional findings from the Newcastle 85+ study
Authors: Davies Laurie E. , Kingston Andrew , Todd Adam , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous research has examined prescribing amongst 85-year-olds in English primary care, but less is known about prescribing amongst 95-year-olds in spite of population ageing.

Aim
We describe the most commonly prescribed medicines in a cohort of 95-year-olds, using 10-year follow-up data from the Newcastle 85+ Study (n = 90).

Method
A total of 1040 participants were recruited to the Newcastle 85+ Study through general practices at 85-years of age, and 90 surviving participants were re-contacted and assessed at 95-years of age. Prescribed medications from general practice medical records were examined through cross-tabulations and classified as preventative or for symptom control based on their customary usage.

Results
Preventative medications with unclear evidence of benefit such as statins (36.7%), aspirin (21.1%) and bisphosphonates (18.9%) were frequently prescribed.

Conclusion
Future research in a larger clinical dataset could investigate this preliminary trend, which suggests that benefit/risk information for preventive medication, and evidence for deprescribing, is needed in the very old.
Effect of prescribed burning on the small-scale spatial heterogeneity of soil microbial biomass in Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica forests of China
Authors: Dou Xu , Yu Hongzhou , Wang Jianyu , Li Fei , Liu Qi , Sun Long , Hu Tongxin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrescribed burning can alter soil microbial activity and spatially redistribute soil nutrient elements. However, no systematic, in-depth studies have investigated the impact of prescribed burning on the spatial patterns of soil microbial biomass in temperate forest ecosystems in Northeast China. The present study investigated the impacts of prescribed burning on the small-scale spatial heterogeneity of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in the upper (0–10 cm) and lower (10–20 cm) soil layers in Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica forests and explored the factors that influence spatial variations of these variables after prescribed burning. Our results showed that, MBC declined by approximately 30% in the 10–20 cm soil layer in the Q. mongolica forest, where there were no significant effects on the soil MBC and MBN contents of the P. koraiensis forest (p > 0.05) after prescribed burning. Compared to the MBC of the Q. mongolica forest before the prescribed burn, MBC spatial dependence in the upper and lower soil layers was approximately 7% and 2% higher, respectively. After the prescribed burn, MBN spatial dependence in the upper and lower soil layers in the P. koraiensis forest was approximately 1% and 13% lower, respectively, than that before the burn, and the MBC spatial variability in the 0–10 cm soil layer in the two forest types was explained by the soil moisture content (SMC), whereas the MBN spatial variability in the 0–10 cm soil layer in the two forests was explained by the soil pH and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–-N), respectively. In the lower soil layer (10–20 cm) of the Q. mongolica forest, elevation and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) were the main factors affecting the spatial variability of MBC and MBN, respectively. In the 10–20 cm soil layer of the P. koraiensis forest, NO3–-N and slope were the main factors affecting the spatial variability of MBC and MBN, respectively, after the burn. The spatial distributions of MBC and MBN in the two forests were largely structured with higher spatial autocorrelation (relative structural variance C/[C0 + C] > 0.75). However, the factors influencing the spatial variability of MBC and MBN in the two forest types were not consistent between the upper and lower soil layers with prescribed burning. These findings have important implications for developing sustainable management and conservation policies for forest ecosystems.
Restoration of coastal ecosystems as an approach to the integrated mangrove ecosystem management and mitigation and adaptation to climate changes in north coast of East Java
Authors: Rudianto Rudianto , Darmawan Very , Isdianto Andik , Bintoro Gatut 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Climate change is very basic and appears on earth. Climate change has become an issue that must be faced by humans today and in the future. One of the impacts of climate change can be found in coastal areas. Tsunamis and tidal floods repeatedly occur in coastal areas. One of the efforts to overcome sea level rise that causes tsunamis, erosion, and tidal flooding is mangrove forests. This study aims to determine public awareness of the occurrence of tidal flooding and tsunami and to find an easy and inexpensive way to overcome it. This research is integrated using the partial least square (PLS) approach and the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) approach to mangrove forests. The results showed that the awareness and assessment of the community to carry out mangrove forest restoration to overcome disasters caused by climate change must be managed and handled with a co-management approach..