bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in periodontitis associated with diabetes mellitus after low level laser therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planning
Authors: Pulivarthi Praneetha , Chava Vijay Kumar , Gunupati Sumanth 
Published: May 2022

Context:
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and diabetes. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was shown to reduce inflammation and improves glycemic status. Recently, adjunctive low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to alter the inflammatory process.

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the alteration in TNF-α levels before and after treatment in patients with periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Settings and Design:
Randomised clinico-biochemical study was carried out for 8 weeks from September 2019 to December 2020.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-four participants were divided into Groups A (periodontitis) and B (periodontitis associated with T2DM), based on probing depth ≥5 mm, clinical attachment level ≥2 mm, and history of T2DM. Later were subdivided into A1, A2, B1, B2, based on assigned treatments. Clinical periodontal parameters and salivary TNF-α levels were evaluated and compared at baseline to 8 weeks.

Statistical Analysis:
Multiple group comparisons were done using analysis of variance, intra group comparisons were made using t-tests.

Results:
Comparison of periodontal parameters and salivary TNF-α levels from baseline to 8 weeks showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in all groups, indicating a positive effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) and adjunctive LLLT.

Conclusion:
Both SRP and SRP with adjunctive LLLT effectively altered TNF-α levels, correlating reduced periodontal inflammation.
Platelet rich fibrin in combination with bioabsorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane and GTR membrane alone using double lateral sliding bridge flap for treatment of multiple gingival recession defects in humans
Authors: Sethiya Kiran Rajesh , Dhadse Prasad , Bajaj Pavan , Durge Khushboo , Subhadarsanee Chitrika , Hassan Safiya 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Marginal tissue recession is a frequent clinical scenario that creates substantial compromise in esthetic appearance of the patient. The current randomized, double-blind interventional trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of “platelet rich fibrin (PRF)” membrane with bioresorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane as compared to GTR membrane alone utilizing “double lateral sliding bridge flap (DLSBF) technique” for the management of simultaneous GR defects in human subjects.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty subjects were randomly allotted in two groups: Group 1 (test): 10 subjects treated with PRF + GTR membrane using DLSBF technique and Group 2 (control): 10 subjects treated with GTR membrane alone using DLSBF technique. Clinical measurements such as relative gingival marginal level, “relative clinical attachment level (R-CAL),” “probing pocket depth (PPD),” “gingival recession (GR),” and “width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) and gingival thickness (GT)” were evaluated at the initiation of the study and 6 months thereafter.

Results:
Two groups showed statistically significant differences with respect to probing depth reduction, CAL gain, and increase in WKG and GT. No significant result was observed with mean root coverage (RC) and complete RC for test (84.80% ± 19.53% and 54.99% ± 38.53%) and control group (75.69% ± 18.86% and 35.83% ± 39.29%), respectively.

Conclusions:
The combination of PRF membrane used along with GTR membrane provides no additional benefits over GTR membrane alone. However, the DLSBF technique convincingly shows simultaneous elimination of multiple problems associated with GR, shallow vestibule, hypersensitivity, and aberrant frenum pull in a single stage with meticulous performance.
Evaluation of Stress Score and Correlation of Stress Score with Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Serum Cortisol Levels among Health Care Workers in DCH and DCHC Hospitals during Covid-19 Duty
Authors: Wasnik Sanjay , Hundekari Jagdish , Mittal Rahul , Kot Lokendra S. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction:
In the basic setting of the Coronavirus pandemic, medical care workers are at the forefront, participating directly in the consideration, determination, and therapy of patients with Coronavirus from the last two years. This exposes them to a higher danger of creating ongoing pressure, mental misery, and some other psychological wellness side effects.

Objective:
To evaluate stress, serum cortisol level, and blood pressure in a health workers population and, in addition, to measure serum cortisol concentration as a current biomarker of stress.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty health workers (22 men & 38 women) from Dedicated Covid Hospital and Dedicated Covid health Centre were included in this study. In these participants, after obtaining the data of socio-demography and perceived stress, serum cortisol was measured by automated chemiluminescent method. This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The studied population was divided into two groups: Group A (workers in direct contact with Covid patients) and Group B (workers not in direct contact with patients). Stress scores, serum morning cortisol levels, systolic and diastolic BP and heart rate of all the participants were measured and compared with controls using a Student's t-test. Stress scores of HCW in direct contact with patients were correlated with heart rate, systolic and diastolic BP, and serum morning cortisol levels and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were calculated.

Results:
Stress scores are significantly increased whereas serum morning cortisol levels, heart rate and systolic and diastolic BP were non-significantly increased in Group A as compared with controls that is, Group B (P < 0.05). Stress scores of HCW in direct contact with patients were found to correlate strongly with serum morning cortisol levels, heart rate and systolic and diastolic BP with r values 0.397 (P < 0.0001), 0.322 (P < 0.001), 0.717 (P < 0.001), and 0.810 (P < 0.0001), respectively.

Conclusion:
Stress scores were elevated in HCW in direct contact with patients and were strongly correlated with serum cortisol levels, heart rate, and BP. It is the responsibility of the health authorities to implement strategies to manage this psychological stress.
The prevalence and factors affecting the use of contraceptive methods among Saudi women in Sabya, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elamin Hind Abdallah Modawi , Gadir Iman Khalifa Abdel , Alhazmi Mashael Hassan Ahmad , Owisi Najla Hassan 
Published: May 2022

Context:
The socioeconomic changes in the Saudi community with an increase in women's education and employment resulted in changes in the concept of birth spacing and contraceptives use.

Aims:
The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of contraception usage among Saudi women in Sabya City in Jazan, as well as the socioeconomic, demographic, and reproductive variables that impact contraception use.

Settings and Design:
This was a cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted between January and October 2020.

Subjects and Methods:
Data were collected by direct interview of 220 Saudi married women at reproductive age, during their routine visit to primary care centers in Sabya City_Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Statistical Analysis Used:
A Chi-squared test was performed to evaluate the factors associated with contraceptive use. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The prevalence of contraceptive use was 75%. Pills were the most used method, most of the users obtain their contraceptives from the Pharmacy. The majority of participants (84%) had poor knowledge regarding contraceptive methods, however, the acceptance rate for using contraception was high (82.3%). History of having an abnormal child and experience of unintended pregnancy were the only factors significantly associated with the use of contraceptives, all the investigated sociodemographic factors were not significantly associated with contraceptive use. The most important reason for not using contraception was the husband's disagreement.

Conclusions:
This study revealed that a high percentage of Saudi women in the Jazan region are using contraceptives, though their knowledge is poor. This indicates the need for greater efforts to improve the quality of family planning services in the region.
The role of emergency medical services providers during mass gathering
Authors: Al-Shareef Ali S. , Al-Thaqafy Majid S. , Almalki Ahmed A. , Alwael Sarah S. , Almetairi Areej M. , Najmuldeen Rana F. , Shirah Bader Hamza , Alsulami Maher A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Mass gatherings are worldwide events, and the Hajj season is considered one of the significant mass gathering events that happen annually in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Medical preparation such as preparation for transportation, training, and medical staffing for mass gatherings at existing sites has been discussed.

Aims:
This study aimed to assess the role of emergency medical services (EMS) providers during Hajj Season 2019 and the preparedness of the EMS system through providers' perspectives.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire has been conducted in Makkah during the Hajj season 2019, which took place in Mena valley and Arafat.

Methods:
Convenience sampling from two major institutions (the Saudi Red Crescent and the National Guards Hospital, EMS Department) was used. The inclusion criteria included emergency medical specialists and emergency medical technicians.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analyzed using JMP. Data for continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation if normally distributed, otherwise median and interquartile range were used. Data for the categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results:
The majority of EMS providers were male in gender and almost half of them were emergency medical technicians with a diploma qualification. Most of them had specific training before Hajj such as basic life support. However, the majority reported the use of medications during transport and training are areas that require improvement. During Hajj, the majority of the EMS providers do ambulance decontamination. Busy shifts and lack of workforce were the main reasons for working more than 12 h per shift.

Conclusions:
This study offers important recommendations for improving the EMS system's preparedness during Hajj, which include more workforce coverage as well as improved providers' qualifications and level of training. Furthermore, this study provides a recommendation to change the scope of practice to treat and release in the majority of cases rather than unnecessarily transport to the hospital. This study urges the importance of collaboration between agencies to facilitate the EMS system.
Pemberdayaan Karyawan Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Pada PT Rotella Persada Mandiri Lubuk Pakam
Authors: Lestari Dewi Kartika , Horia Siregar  
Published: May 2022

This research aims to determine the influence of Employee Empowerment toward Employee Satisfaction at PT. Rotella Persada Mandiri Lubuk Pakam. The type of this research was quantitative research. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Rotella Persada Mandiri Lubuk Pakam with 45 employees and a saturation sampling was applied in this study with 45 employees. The data is processed with SPSS 20.0 for windows program. The data analysis technique was a simple Linear Regression, with the formula Y = a+bX+e. A simple linear regression test result obtained was equation Y = 19,532 + 0.546 X + e, it means the employee empowerment has a significant influence on employee job satisfaction. The results of the t hypothesis test obtained that the value of tobserved > ttable = 4,215 > 2,017. Therefore, the value of tobserved was greater than the ttable hence the hypothesis was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the hypothesis stating variable (X) has been proven or in other words there is a significant influence between variable (X) to variable (Y). And based on the determination coefficient test (KD) or R Square (R2) then it can be known that the value of R Square is 0.292 or with a percentage of 29.2 % while the remaining 70.8% is influenced by other variables that are not studied by researchers.
DISEÑO E IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN LABORATORIO DE QUÍMICA EN LA CARRERA DE AGROINDUSTRIAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTIAGO DE GUAYAQUIL
Authors: Moreno-Veloz Ema Nofret , Álvarez-Castro Fátima Patricia 
Published: May 2022

La educación superior se ha basado casi exclusivamente en la recopilación de información teórico-práctico o en prácticas de verificación de información conocida, lo cual ha limitado el desarrollo de habilidades y destrezas, en los estudiantes de la Carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial de la Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, en la caracterización física y química de la materia prima animal, vegetal, productos y subproductos agroindustriales. Por lo que se propuso un proyecto de investigación no experimental con enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. Se evaluó la pertinencia del componente práctico de las materias de Química para establecer el tipo de prácticas de laboratorio requeridas así como el diseño de un laboratorio con el equipamiento necesario. Se aplicaron encuestas, entrevistas, análisis de documentos, test, en estudiantes de años anteriores y actuales de las materias relacionadas con química, así como a especialistas en el tema. Luego, se analizó la variable independiente referente al componente práctico, y la dependiente a las habilidades y destrezas de los estudiantes, con lo cual, se generó una base de datos con Microsoft Excel, para determinar porcentualmente los resultados. Se evidenció que sólo el 7.30% del total de horas curriculares están relacionadas con aplicaciones prácticas; en los syllabus no se programan horas prácticas, y los estudiantes no poseen habilidades y destrezas en el manejo de equipos, materiales de laboratorio y reactivos químicos. Por lo que, se concluye que la falta de un Laboratorio de Química y medios de enseñanza necesarios impide a los estudiantes ser competitivos en el mercado laboral.
High number concentrations of transparent exopolymer particles in ambient aerosol particles and cloud water – a case study at the tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: van Pinxteren Manuela , Robinson Tiera-Brandy , Zeppenfeld Sebastian , Gong Xianda , Bahlmann Enno , Fomba Khanneh Wadinga , Triesch Nadja , Stratmann Frank , Wurl Oliver , Engel Anja , Wex Heike , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs) exhibit the properties of gels and
are ubiquitously found in the world oceans. TEPs may enter the
atmosphere as part of sea-spray aerosol. Here, we report number concentrations of TEPs with a diameter > 4.5 µm, hence covering a part of the supermicron particle range, in ambient aerosol and
cloud water samples from the tropical Atlantic Ocean as well as in generated aerosol particles using a plunging waterfall tank that was filled with the ambient seawater. The ambient TEP concentrations ranged between 7×102 and 3×104 #TEP m−3 in the aerosol particles and correlations with sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) (R2=0.5) suggested some contribution via bubble bursting. Cloud water TEP concentrations were between 4×106 and 9×106 #TEP L−1 and, according to the
measured cloud liquid water content, corresponding to equivalent air
concentrations of 2–4×103 #TEP m−3. Based on Na+ concentrations in seawater and in the atmosphere, the enrichment factors for TEPs in the atmosphere were calculated. The tank-generated TEPs were enriched by a factor of 50 compared with seawater and, therefore, in-line with published enrichment factors for supermicron organic matter in general and TEPs specifically. TEP enrichment in the ambient atmosphere was on average 1×103 in cloud water and
9×103 in ambient aerosol particles and therefore about two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding enrichment from the tank study. Such high enrichment of supermicron particulate organic constituents in the
atmosphere is uncommon and we propose that atmospheric TEP concentrations
resulted from a combination of enrichment during bubble bursting transfer
from the ocean and a secondary TEP in-situ formation in atmospheric phases.
Abiotic in-situ formation might have occurred from aqueous reactions of
dissolved organic precursors that were present in particle and cloud water
samples, whereas biotic formation involves bacteria, which were abundant in
the cloud water samples. The ambient TEP number concentrations were two orders of magnitude higher
than recently reported ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations measured at the same location. As TEPs likely possess good properties to act as INPs, in future experiments it is worth studying if a certain part of TEPs
contributes a fraction of the biogenic INP population.
To which extent are socio-hydrology studies truly integrative? The case of natural hazards and disaster research
Authors: Vanelli Franciele Maria , Kobiyama Masato , de Brito Mariana Madruga 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Given the recent developments in socio-hydrology and its
potential contributions to disaster risk reduction (DRR), we conducted a
systematic literature review of socio-hydrological studies aiming to
identify persisting gaps and discuss tractable approaches for tackling them.
A total of 44 articles that address natural hazards or disasters were
reviewed in detail. Our results indicated that: (i) most of the studies
addressed floods, whereas few applications were applied to droughts and
compound or multi-hazard events; (ii) none of the reviewed articles
investigated interactions across temporal and spatial scales; (iii) there is
a wide range of understandings of what “social” means in socio-hydrology;
(iv) quantitative approaches were used more often in comparison with mixed and
qualitative approaches; (v) monodisciplinary studies prevailed over multi- or
interdisciplinary ones; and (vi) one-third of the articles involved
stakeholder participation. In summary, we observed a fragmentation in the
field, with a multitude of social and physical components, methods, and data
sources being used. Based on these findings, we point out potential ways of
tackling the identified challenges to advance socio-hydrology, including
studying multiple hazards in a joint framework and exploiting new methods
for integrating results from qualitative and quantitative analyses to
leverage the strengths of different fields of knowledge. Addressing these
challenges will improve our understanding of human–water interactions to
support DRR.
Intellectually gifted but inherently fragile – society's view of female scientists as experienced by seismologist Inge Lehmann up to 1930
Authors: Lund Jacobsen Lif 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Celebrated for her 1936 discovery of the Earth's inner core, seismologist Inge Lehmann (1888–1993) is often portrayed as a trailblazing female scientist with an impressive international career. She is the inspiration behind Denmark's funding program designed to strengthen gender equality in scientific research. Yet, newly discovered documents show that Lehmann's path to a career in science was not at all straightforward. In a society where women were considered mentally and physically unsuited to academic studies, let alone scientific careers, gender bias and discrimination thwarted her ambitions and limited her early career options. Lehmann's letters to Niels Bohr document the disappointment and frustration with restrictions on women at Cambridge University that prompted her to return to Denmark. Her mental breakdown in the winter of 1912 likely resulted from academic overcompensation in attempts to overcome gender bias. After obtaining a Danish degree in mathematics, she became an underpaid clerical employee at the university. Only by pragmatically changing her field from prestigious mathematics to little-known seismology could she establish herself as a successful scientist.
CONTEXTO E DESDOBRAMENTOS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO MOVIMENTO BRASILEIRO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO (MOBRAL) NO CEARÁ: PERCEPÇÕES DE SUJEITOS ENVOLVIDOS
Authors: Moraes Ana Cristina de , Santos Raquel Rogério , Chaves Pedro Jônatas da Silva 
Published: May 2022

No Brasil, houve diversas tentativas de erradicar o analfabetismo de jovens e adultos por meio de vários programas, sendo um deles o Movimento Brasileiro de Alfabetização (MOBRAL). Esse foi um Programa que conseguiu se expandir até nas mais distantes cidades do interior do Brasil. Ciente desta realidade, o trabalho tem por objetivo geral situar o contexto político, econômico e educacional do Estado do Ceará à época em que o MOBRAL foi implantado. Objetiva ainda apresentar movimentos de educação popular que ocorreram antes do Golpe Civil Militar de 1964, e também o que estava acontecendo no contexto cearense por meio de relatos de educadores. O estudo, qualitativo, respaldou-se teoricamente em autores como: Paiva (1981), Jannuzzi (1987), Farias (2009) e Gomes (2012). Utilizou-se como fonte de coleta de dados entrevistas feitas pelo NUDOC/UFC com pessoas que trabalharam na Secretaria de Educação do Estado no período estudado. A análise dos dados aponta para mudanças no modo como a educação vinha sendo conduzida pelo Estado no momento em que a Ditadura se instaura no País. O trabalho que anteriormente era realizado por esses educadores foi interrompido pelo fato de suas ideias confrontarem a ideologia dos militares.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação de Jovens e Adultos. MOBRAL. Contexto Cearense.
Resoluting multispectral image using image fusion and CNN model
Authors: Kamal Shoaib , Kadakadiyavar Sapna , Pareek Piyush Kumar , Vani V , Harshan H S 
Published: May 2022

This paper mainly focus on multispectral image for Entertainment purpose, with such application the quality of the image is an important factor that affects the accuracy of the recognition. Due to hardware limitation, multispectral imaging device may fails to generate high resolution (HR) image. In order to overcome the issue, here we proposes multispectral image super-resolution algorithm (MISR), by fusing low-resolution (LR) multispectral images. In this algorithm the computed response function is used to fuse the multiple images into a single high dynamic range radiance image. It deals with the radiance of the images by mapping. The referred algorithm solves the pre-processing and registration. It uses CNN model to fuse the multiple images into a single high dynamic range image. This fusing technique establishes the common points in the image. Experimental results validate that the MISR algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-arts in terms of both reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency.