bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chilli thrips rose management using an Amblyseius swirskii or Amblydromalus limonicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) pepper banker plant
Authors: Schoeller Erich N. , McKenzie Cindy L. , Osborne Lance S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBanker plant systems can enhance biological control of arthropod pests in protected agriculture if they facilitate the persistence of beneficial organisms by providing them with persistent habitats or supplemental food such as pollen or nectar. Ornamental pepper banker plants infested with either the predatory phytoseiid mites Amblyseius swirskii (Athias‐Henriot) or Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman and McGregor) were tested under greenhouse conditions in Florida, USA, for management of the chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood on Double Knock Out® roses. After two 6‐week studies, performed from October to December 2019 and 2020, both mite species reduced populations of S. dorsalis on roses to nearly undetectable levels (<1 thrips/leaf) compared with predator‐free controls. There was no difference in the mean number of thrips on leaves between the two mite species treatments. Lower S. dorsalis numbers observed on roses when mites were present led to significantly reduced foliar damage assessed as the degree of tissue scarring from S. dorsalis feeding compared with the control. This study may provide rose growers in Florida an alternative option for managing S. dorsalis populations on roses, a typically unsuitable plant for maintaining mite populations.
Five‐year clinical performance of two fluoride‐releasing giomer resin materials in occlusal restorations
Authors: Ozer Fusun , Patel Rishi , Yip Jacqueline , Yakymiv Oksana , Saleh Najeed , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the clinical performance of two nano‐hybrid giomer restorative composite materials after 5 years.Materials and MethodsForty‐four pairs of restorations (total n = 88) of a flowable giomer (Beautifil Flow Plus F00; Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan) and a conventional nano‐hybrid giomer restorative material (Beautifil II; Shofu Inc.) were placed in Class I cavities after the application of a dentin adhesive (FL‐Bond II; Shofu Inc.) and a flowable liner (Beautifil Flow Plus F03; Shofu Inc). After 5 years, 32 pairs of restorations were assessed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Both tested materials were compared using Fisher's exact test and each tested clinical criterion for each material was analyzed separately with respect to different follow‐up periods using Friedman's test (a = 0.05).ResultsNone of the restorations showed complete retention loss, post‐operative sensitivity, secondary caries or color change. There were no significant changes to any of the clinical criteria for each material during the 5‐year evaluation period (p > 0.05) and no significant differences between the two materials in all clinical parameters after 5 years (p > 0.05).ConclusionsFive‐year clinical performance of both two nano‐hybrid giomer restorative materials was comparably acceptable and not significantly different for any of the parameters evaluated.Clinical SignificanceNano‐hybrid giomer‐based materials are clinically acceptable for the restoration of occlusal cavities as they demonstrate excellent performance after 5 years.
The influence of different proton pump inhibitors and potassium‐competitive acid blockers on indomethacin‐induced small intestinal injury
Authors: Li Kemin , Cheng Xiaoyun , Jin Rui , Han Taotao , Li Jingnan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe influence of gastric acid inhibitors (GAIs) on nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)‐induced enteropathy is controversial. Herein, the influences of different GAIs on NSAID‐induced intestinal injury and the underlying mechanisms are clarified.MethodsIndomethacin (IND; 10 mg/kg/day) was administered to mice to induce small intestinal injury. Disease activity was examined macroscopically and histologically. The permeability of small intestine was evaluated by measuring plasma lipopolysaccharide levels. 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to determine the composition of intestinal flora.ResultsAmong the four GAIs, ilaprazole (IPZ) significantly attenuated IND‐induced small intestinal injury and maintained the integrity of the mucosal barrier. Omeprazole (OPZ) and vonoprazan (VPZ) ameliorated ulceration without significant differences, while rabeprazole (RPZ) failed to protect against the injury. To explore the potential mechanism, we investigated changes in the gut microbiota mediated by GAIs. After 5‐day administration, GAIs significantly altered the composition of the gut microbiota. The IND group had a significant decrease in alpha diversity compared with the control group, and this decrease was reversed by OPZ and IPZ treatment, respectively. After IPZ treatment, the community membership was more assembled in the control group than the IND group. Further, we found that Lactobacillus was significantly increased in the groups of OPZ, IPZ, and VPZ, while Bacteroides was significantly increased in the RPZ group.ConclusionOur results indicated that GAIs have different influences on the mucosal barrier, possibly by altering the composition of intestinal microbiota, and the impacts mediated by various GAIs in the IND‐induced intestinal damage model seem different.
A methodology for class analysis: Agricultural investments and agrarian change in South Africa
Authors: Bunce Brittany 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a class‐analytic approach, which combines a “labour exploitation criterion” with class typologies developed for the South African context and the author's additions. The labour exploitation criterion distinguishes between rural classes based on the degree to which one employs others, works for others, or works for oneself. I combine the principal indicator of “labour exploitation” with the income contributions of social grants, ownership of farming assets and livestock, and the contribution of agricultural production to simple or expanded reproduction. Debates around class formation are explored in the context of a comparative analysis of two joint venture (JV) dairy farms, located in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, which involve residents as both landowners and workers. A class‐analytic approach illuminates the emerging agrarian class structure that a JV‐type intervention both reflects and in turn conditions, in dialectical fashion, with important implications for debates around agrarian change in South Africa.
Optimal social distancing and the economics of uncertain vaccine arrival
Authors: Iverson Terrence , Karp Larry , Peri Alessandro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe analytically identify two mechanisms that explain why a later arrival time for a pandemic‐ending vaccine has an ambiguous effect on optimal social‐distancing policy. We assess the net effect of these channels using a quantitative model solved for over a thousand parameter combinations. Optimal policy and welfare comparisons are both highly sensitive to beliefs about vaccine arrival. A policy of moving quickly to herd immunity by requiring social distancing for only the most vulnerable might be loosely justified for expected vaccine arrivals over 2 years, but becomes catastrophic if the expected arrival is within a year.
The risk assessment of high‐fat diet in farmed fish and its mitigation approaches: A review
Authors: Naiel Mohammed A. E. , Negm Samar S. , Ghazanfar Shakira , Shukry Mustafa , Abdelnour Sameh A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the era of intensification of fish farms, the high‐fat diet (HFD) has been applied to promote growth and productivity, provide additional energy and substitute partial protein in fish feeds. Certainly, HFD within specific concentrations was found to be beneficial in boosting fish performance throughout a short‐term feeding. However, excessive dietary fat levels displayed vast undesirable impacts on growth, feed efficiency, liver function, antioxidant capacity and immune function and finally reduced the economic revenue of cultured fish. Moreover, studies have shown that fish diets containing a high level of fats resulted in increasing lipid accumulation, stimulated endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressed autophagy in fish liver. Investigations showed that HFD could impair the intestinal barrier of fish via triggering inflammation, metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and microbiota imbalance. Several approaches have been widely used for reducing the undesirable influences of HFD in fish. Dietary manipulation could mitigate the adverse impacts triggered by HFD, and boost growth and productivity via reducing blood lipids profile, attenuating oxidative stress and hepatic lipid deposition and improving mitochondrial activity, immune function and antioxidant activity in fish. As well, dietary feed additives have been shown to decrease hepatic lipogenesis and modulate the inflammatory response in fish. Based on the literature, previous studies indicated that phytochemicals could reduce apoptosis and enhance the immunity of fish fed with HFD. Thus, the present review will explore the potential hazards of HFD on fish species. It will also provide light on the possibility of employing some safe feed additives to mitigate HFD risks in farmed fish.
Micrograph analysis of morphological alteration and cellular damage of fruit rot fungal pathogens treated with Averrhoa bilimbi fruit and Garcinia mangostana pericarp ethanolic extracts
Authors: Abd Murad N.B. , Mustafa M. , Shaari K. , Mohd Zainudin N.A.I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the antifungal action of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit and Garcinia mangostana pericarp ethanolic extracts in altering the morphology and causing cellular damage of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The pathogens were cultured on media containing both extracts individually and carbendazim as positive control, whereas media alone as negative control. All samples were processed for microscopy observations using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopes. Observation via SEM showed significant alterations in the hyphae of F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and C. gloeosporioides compared to the control in which the hyphae were in normal form. However, no significant alteration in hyphae had been observed in the treated plate compared to the control for L. theobromae. The development of calcium carbonate crystals was also observed abundantly in control compared to treated pathogens for F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum only. This indicated that the plant extracts can inhibit some metabolic processes in the pathogens too. Observations via TEM had been conducted for F. proliferatum and C. gloeosporioides, respectively. The results showed disintegration of cytoplasmic organelles and cell wall, intense vacuolization and lyses part of fungal cells. The plant extracts have equivalent or even greater effects compared to commercial fungicide carbendazim.
Antifungal prescription practices and consumption in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country
Authors: Kaur Harsimran , Krishnamoorthi Sivanantham , Dhaliwal Navneet , Biswal Manisha , Singh Shreya , Muthu Valliappan , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Agarwal Ritesh , Ghoshal Sushmita , Singh Surjit , Malhotra Pankaj , Jain Sanjay , Samujh Ram , Ghosh Anup , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntifungal stewardship is a less explored component of antimicrobial stewardship programmes, especially in developing countries.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine antifungal prescription practices in a tertiary centre of a developing country to identify the challenges for antifungal stewardship programmes.MethodsFour single‐day point prevalent surveys were performed in inpatient units and data were collected from medical records. Antifungal use was recorded in terms of consumption, therapeutic strategies and appropriateness.ResultsWe found a 2.42%‐point prevalence of antifungal prescriptions. Antifungal use was higher in children than adults (4.1% vs. 2.03%), medical than surgical units (3.7% vs. 1.24%) and ICUs than general wards (5.8% vs. 1.9%). The highest antifungal use was observed in the haematology‐oncology units (29.3%) followed by emergency (16.2%) and gastroenterology units (11.6%). Among 215 prescriptions, amphotericin B was the most commonly prescribed (50.2%) followed by fluconazole (31.6%). The targeted antifungal therapy was practised more commonly (31.5%) than empiric (29.1%), pre‐emptive (22.6%) and prophylactic (16.8%) therapy. Amphotericin B was commonly used for pre‐emptive (p = .001) and targeted (p = .049) therapy, while fluconazole (p = .001) and voriconazole (p = .011) for prophylaxis. The prescriptions were inappropriate in 25.1% due to the wrong choice of antifungal (44.4%), indication (27.7%) and dosage (24%). The overall mean antifungal consumption was 2.71 DDD/1000 PD and 8.96 DOT/1000 PD.ConclusionsWe report here the low prevalence of antifungal use at a tertiary care centre in a developing country. Though training for antifungal use would be important for antifungal stewardship, the challenge would remain with the affordability of antifungals.
Modeling and propagating inventory‐based sampling uncertainty in the large‐scale forest demographic model “MARGOT”
Authors: Audinot Timothée , Wernsdörfer Holger , Le Moguédec Gilles , Bontemps Jean‐Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModels based on national forest inventory (NFI) data intend to project forests under management and policy scenarios. This study aimed at quantifying the influence of NFI sampling uncertainty on parameters and simulations of the demographic model MARGOT. Parameter variance–covariance structure was estimated from bootstrap sampling of NFI field plots. Parameter variances and distributions were further modeled to serve as a plug‐in option to any inventory‐based initial condition. Forty‐year time series of observed forest growing stock were compared with model simulations to balance model uncertainty and bias. Variance models showed high accuracies. The Gamma distribution best fitted the distributions of transition, mortality and felling rates, while the Gaussian distribution best fitted tree recruitment fluxes. Simulation uncertainty amounted to 12% of the model bias at the country scale. Parameter covariance structure increased simulation uncertainty by 5.5% in this 12%. This uncertainty appraisal allows targeting model bias as a modeling priority.
Maternal stress during pregnancy and gestational duration: A cohort study from the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Bergeron Julie , Cederkvist Luise , Fortier Isabel , Rod Naja Hulvej , Andersen Per Kragh , Andersen Anne‐Marie Nybo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth is one of the most important contributors to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Experiencing stress during pregnancy may increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth. This association has been observed in previous studies, but differences in measures used limit comparability.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate the association between two measures of maternal stress during pregnancy, life stress and emotional distress, and gestation duration.MethodsWomen recruited in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 1996 to 2002, who provided information on their stress level during pregnancy and expecting a singleton baby, were included in the study. We assessed the associations between the level of life stress and emotional distress in quartiles, both collected at 31 weeks of pregnancy on average, and the rate of giving birth using Cox regression within intervals of the gestational period.ResultsA total of 80,991 pregnancies were included. Women reporting moderate or high levels of life stress vs no stress had a higher rate of giving birth earlier within all intervals of gestational age (e.g. high level: 27–33 weeks: hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.84; 34–36 weeks: 1.10, 95% CI 0.97, 1.25; 37–38 weeks: 1.21, 95% CI 1.15, 1.28). These associations between life stress and preterm birth were mainly driven by pregnancy worries. For emotional distress, a high level of distress was associated with shorter length of gestation in the preterm (27–33 weeks: 1.38, 95% CI 1.02, 1.86; 34–36 weeks: 1.05, 95% CI 0.91, 1.19) and early term (1.11, 95% CI 1.04, 1.17) intervals.ConclusionsEmotional distress and life stress were shown to be associated with gestational age at birth, with pregnancy‐related stress being the single stressor driving the association. This suggests that reverse causality may, at least in parts, explain the earlier findings of stress as a risk factor for preterm birth.
Biopsychosocial Experiences of Elite Athletes Retiring From Sport for Career-Ending Injuries: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Moore Haley S. , Walton Samuel R. , Eckenrod Morgan R. , Kossman Melissa K. 
Published: August 2022

Clinical Scenario: Injuries cause individuals varying amounts of time loss from participation, which may depend on injury and sport-specific factors such as level of participation. Athletes who never return to sport either choose or are forced to retire due to numerous factors. At elite levels of play, when an athlete chooses retirement, they have the opportunity to create and execute a retirement plan; however, if unexpected (eg, due to career-ending injury), athletes may struggle to transition out of sport effectively, impacting physical, mental, and social health. The biopsychosocial model looks at the relationship between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to better understand the biopsychosocial experiences elite athletes face after a career-ending injury so that sport stakeholders can develop and implement strategies to support a healthy transition. Clinical Question: How does suffering a career-ending injury affect elite athletes’ biopsychosocial experiences during retirement from sport? Summary of Key Findings: All studies found that a career-ending injury negatively impacted athlete’s biopsychosocial health during the transition period. In addition, social support was identified as a positive coping mechanism and research highlighted the role of education in promoting successful transitions. Sport stakeholders should educate athletes regarding the importance of creating secondary plans. By creating a culture of athletic and nonathletic identity, athletes can feel empowered to navigate different phases of their life despite transition being forced upon them due to injury. Clinical Bottom Line: Career-ending injuries negatively impact the biopsychosocial experiences of elite athletes as they transition out of sport. Athletes may face many transitional challenges including a loss of identity, a lack of external support, and/or mental health decline; those more closely identifying with their role as an athlete tend to have a harder transition. Therefore, it is important for all athletes to be adequately prepared for sport retirement, especially given the uncertainty about when and how retirement may occur. Strength of Recommendation: Collectively, the body of evidence included to answer the clinical question aligns with the strength of recommendation of C.
Four
Lentisphaerae
Family Metagenome-Assembled Genomes from the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Makinde Oluwatayo A. , Lunga Percy Mutseka , Bezuidt Oliver K. I. , Makhalanyane Thulani P. 
Published: August 2022

We present four
Lentisphaerae
metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the South Atlantic Ocean. The medium-quality genomes, affiliated with the family of
Lentisphaeraceae,
ranged from 4.86 to 5.46 Mbp and harbored the genetic capacity to produce secondary metabolites. This resource provides a basis for investigating the functional attributes of this phylum.
Remote ischaemic conditioning in necrotising enterocolitis: a phase I feasibility and safety study
Authors: Zozaya Carlos , Ganji Niloofar , Li Bo , Janssen Lok Maarten , Lee Carol , Koike Yuhki , Gauda Estelle , Offringa Martin , Eaton Simon , Shah Prakeshkumar S , Pierro Agostino 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveRemote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) improves the outcome of experimental necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) by preserving intestinal microcirculation. The feasibility and safety of RIC in preterm infants with NEC are unknown. The study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of RIC in preterm infants with suspected or confirmed NEC.DesignPhase I non-randomised pilot study conducted in three steps: step A to determine the safe duration of limb ischaemia (up to 4 min); step B to assess the safety of 4 repeated cycles of ischaemia-reperfusion at the maximum tolerated duration of ischaemia determined in step A; step C to assess the safety of applying 4 cycles of ischaemia-reperfusion on two consecutive days.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care unit, The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada).PatientsFifteen preterm infants born between 22 and 33 weeks gestational age.InterventionFour cycles of ischaemia (varying duration) applied to the limb via a manual sphygmomanometer, followed by reperfusion (4 min) and rest (5 min), repeated on two consecutive days.OutcomesThe primary outcomes were (1) feasibility defined as RIC being performed as planned in the protocol, and (2) safety defined as perfusion returning to baseline within 4 min after cuff deflation.ResultsFour cycles/day of limb ischaemia (4 min) followed by reperfusion (4 min) and a 5 min gap, repeated on two consecutive days was feasible and safe in all neonates with suspected or confirmed NEC.ConclusionsThis study is pivotal for designing a future randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of RIC in preterm infants with NEC.Trial registration numberNCT03860701.
Relationship between dry eye symptoms and quality of life: associations and mediation analysis
Authors: Lim Elizabeth Wen Ling , Chong Crystal Chun Yuen , Nusinovici Simon , Fenwick Eva , Lamoureux Ecosse Luc , Sabanayagam Charumathi , Cheng Ching-Yu , Tong Louis 
Published: August 2022

Purpose(1) To determine the independent association of dry eye symptoms with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the Singapore population and (2) to further investigate which factors mediate this association.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 7707 participants were included. The presence of dry eye symptoms was defined as experiencing at least one out of the six symptoms either ‘often’ or ‘all the time’. The EuroQoL-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) utility instrument (raw scores converted to UK time trade-off (TTO) values) was used to assess generic HRQoL and the overall score from the Visual Functioning Questionnaire for visual functioning. The association between dry eye symptoms and EQ-5D was investigated using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic information, comorbidities, systemic and ocular examinations results. Mediation analysis was used to determine whether certain factors mediated this association.ResultsAfter adjusting for relevant factors, those with dry eye symptoms had significantly lower HRQoL (difference in EQ-5D TTO: −0.062 (95% CI −0.073 to –0.050)), with the inability to open eyes affected the most (−0.101 (95% CI −0.161 to –0.042)), followed by a sandy sensation (−0.089 (95% CI −0.121 to –0.058)), a burning sensation (−0.070 (95% CI −0.105 to –0.036)), red eyes (−0.059 (95% CI −0.082 to –0.036)), a dry sensation (−0.058 (95% CI −0.072 to –0.044)) and crusting of eyelids (−0.040 (95% CI −0.071 to –0.008)). Visual functioning and the presence of recent falls accounted for 8.63% (4.98%–14.5%) and 2.93% (0.04%–5.68%) of the indirect relationship between dry eye and HRQoL, respectively.ConclusionDry eye symptoms were independently associated with poor HRQoL. Moreover, this was partly mediated by reduced visual functioning and experiencing recent falls. Our results suggest that efforts to reduce severity of dry eye symptoms are essential to optimise patients’ overall functioning and well-being.