bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dusty quasars eject star-forming gas from galaxies at cosmic noon
Authors: Stacey Hannah , Costa Tiago , McKean John , Glikman Eilat , Werf Paul van der 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The canonical picture of galaxy evolution invokes the injection of energy from supermassive black holes to reduce star formation efficiency in massive galaxies. This process can explain their observed scaling relations, which were already established by cosmic noon (redshifts 2 to 3). However, the physical channels that allow energy and momentum released on sub-pc scales to affect gas on galactic scales are largely unconstrained. Here we report a direct link between quasar dust-reddening and molecular outflows at z ∼ 2.5. By examining the dynamics of warm molecular gas in the inner region of galaxies, we detect outflows with velocities 700–1000 km/s and short timescales of 0.05 Myr that are due to ongoing quasar energy output. We observe outflows only in systems where quasar radiation pressure on dust is sufficiently large to expel their obscuring gas column densities, indicating that radiative feedback regulates gas in the nuclear regions of galaxies. This is in agreement with theoretical models that predict radiation pressure on dust in the vicinity of the black hole is a major driving mechanism of galactic-scale outflows of cold gas. Our findings show that quasar radiation ejects star-forming gas from within nascent stellar bulges at velocities comparable to those seen on larger scales and that molecules survive in outflows even from the most luminous quasars.
Found and lost again: Rediscovery of Mollinedia myriantha (Monimiaceae) after 123 years and perspectives for conservation of the family in Brazil
Authors: de Lirio Elton John , Freitas Joelcio , Pauli Maria , Rosa Patrícia da , Prieto Pablo Viany , Negrão Raquel , Peixoto Ariane Luna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mollinedia myriantha Perkins (Monimiaceae) is a tropical tree described by Perkins (1900) based on a collection of the French botanist Auguste F. M. Glaziou collected in 1892 in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The species was rediscovered in 2015 after 123 years from Glaziou's report in the type locality, however, in subsequent fieldworks (2018-2019) the sole rediscovered individual was found dead. In this study, we report this rediscovery and discuss the possible pressures that lead the individual to death, also we provide a lectotypification, along with morphological description, geographic distribution map and conservation comments for this species. Besides we discuss the conservation status of Monimiaceae in Brazil.
Transcriptome reveals insights into biosynthesis of ginseng polysaccharides
Authors: Fang Xiaoxue , Wang Huaying , Zhou Xinteng , Zhang Jing , Xiao Hongxing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Ginseng polysaccharides, as an important active ingredient, has been used to treat various diseases. Nevertheless, the biosynthesis of ginseng polysaccharides is poorly understood. To elucidate the biosynthesis mechanism of ginseng polysaccharides, the transcriptome analysis and combined polysaccharide content determination were performed on the roots, stems and leaves collected from four cultivars of ginseng. Results: The results indicated that the total contents of nine monosaccharides were highest in the roots. Moreover, the total content of nine monosaccharides in the roots of the four ginseng cultivars were different, but were similar in stems and leaves. Glucose was the most component of all monosaccharides. In total, 19 potential enzymes for the synthesis of ginseng polysaccharides were identified, which 17 enzymes were significantly associated with polysaccharides content. Among these genes, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (UGP2), fructokinase (scrK), mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GMPP), phosphomannomutase (PMM), UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GALE), beta-fructofuranosidase (sacA) and sucrose synthase (SUS) were correlated with MYB, AP2/ERF, bZIP and NAC transcription factors. These transcription factors may regulate the expression of genes involved in ginseng polysaccharides synthesis. Conclusions: Our findings could provide an insight for a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism of polysaccharides biosynthesis, and would drive progress in genetic improvement and plantation development of ginseng.
SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics in blood donors and COVID-19 epidemiology in eight Brazilian state capitals
Authors: Junior Carlos Prete , Buss Lewis , Salomon Tassila , Oikawa Marcio , Pereira Rafael , Moura Isabel , Delerino Lucas , Barral-Netto Manoel , Tavares Natalia , Franca Rafael , Boaventura Viviane , Miyajima Fabio , Junior Alfredo Medrone , Neto Cesar de Almeida , Salles Nanci , Ferreira Suzete , Fladzinski Karine , de Souza Luana , Schier Luciane , Inoue Patricia , Fraiji Nelson , Xabregas Lilyane , Crispim Myuki , Araujo Fernando , Carlos Luciana , Pessoa Veridiana , Ribeiro Maisa , de Souza Rosenvaldo , Cavalcante Anna , Valença Maria , Silva Maria da , Lopes Esther , Amorim Luiz , Mateos Sheila , Nunes Gabrielle , Santos Samara , Silva-Junior Alexander , Busch Michael , Castro Marcia , Dye Christopher , Ratmann Oliver , Faria Nuno , Whittaker Charles , Nascimento Vitor , Sabino Ester 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There are large differences in the shape and size of regional SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Brazil. Here we tested monthly blood donation samples for IgG antibodies from March 2020 to March 2021 in eight of Brazil’s most populous cities. There was large variation in the inferred attack rate adjusted for seroreversion across cities, and seroprevalence was consistently smaller in women and donors older than 55 years. The age-specific infection fatality rate differed between cities and consistently increased with age. The infection hospitalisation rate (IHR) increased significantly during the gamma-dominated second wave in Manaus, suggesting increased morbidity of the Gamma VOC compared to previous variants circulating in Manaus. The higher disease penetrance associated with the health system’s collapse increased the overall IFR by a minimum factor of 2.91 (95% CrI 2.43–3.53). These results demonstrate large heterogeneity in epidemic spread and highlight the utility of blood donor serosurveillance to monitor SARS-CoV-2 epidemics.
Development and Evaluation the Performance of Ann Based Statistical Downscaling Models For Daily and Monthly Precipitation.
Authors: Alramlawi Khaled , Fistikoglu Okan , Najar Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Statistical downscaling techniques represent a quantitative relationship between large-scale atmospheric variables (predictors) and local-scale meteorological variables (predictand) such as precipitation. This study uses large-scale atmospheric as predictor variables derived from the National Centre for Environmental Prediction and National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data set and precipitation in Izmir city stations as predictant.The purpose of this study is to develop statistical downscaling models for daily and monthly precipitation over Izmir city by using Artificial Neural Network) ANN( methods and comparison of the performance of those models. The results revealed that the performance of the daily model improves with the aggregated of daily results. Although the performance of the daily model gives fair (not high) results (e.g., R2 ranging from 0.362 to 0.331), the aggregated model gives very good results at monthly level (e.g., R2 is more than 0.73). The monthly statistical downscaling model gives very good results for the study area (e.g. R2 ranging between 0.65 to 0.73).It was founded that a slight variation from the performance of aggregated monthly model and the monthly model. However, the aggregated monthly provided better results. Although the accuracy of the aggregated monthly model is higher, it required a significant amount of time and effort.ANN-based downscaling model could be used to determine the inputs of water potential studies, but the results of the model have to be improved by Statistical methods such as Bias correction in order to use it in floods study.
Reappraisal of Tele-Surgery in the Era of High-Speed, High-Bandwidth, Secure Communications: Evaluation of Surgical Performance in Local/Remote Environments
Authors: Takahashi Yoshiya , Hakamada Kenichi , Morohashi Hajime , Akasaka Harue , Ebihara Yuma , Oki Eiji , Hirano Satoshi , Mori Masaki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Communication and video transmission delays negatively affect telerobotic surgery. Since latency varies by communication environment and robot, to realize remote surgery, both must perform well. This study aims to examine the feasibility of telerobotic surgery by validating the communication environment and local/remote robot operation, using secure commercial lines and newly developed robots. Hirosaki University and Mutsu General Hospital, 150 km apart, were connected via Medicaroid's surgical robot. Ten surgeons performed a simple task remotely using information encoding and decoding. The required bandwidth, delay time, task completion time, number of errors, and image quality were evaluated. Next, 11 surgeons performed a complex task using gallbladder and intestinal models in local/remote environments; round trip time (RTT), packet loss, time to completion, operator fatigue, operability, and image were observed locally and remotely. Image quality was not degraded so as to affect remote robot operation. Median RTT was 4 msec (2–12), and added delay was 29 msec. There was no significant difference in accuracy or number of errors for cholecystectomy, intestinal suturing, completion time, surgeon fatigue, or image evaluation. The fact that remote surgery succeeded as well as local surgery showed that this system has the necessary elemental technology for widespread social implementation.
A 15-year retrospective review of urodynamic studies in children at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape town, South Africa
Authors: Mosalakatane Thembisile Dintle , Wright Anne , Raad Jeanette , Lazarus John , Howlett Justin , McCulloch Mignon , Nourse Peter , Coetzee Ashton 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the undeniable diagnostic benefits of urodynamic studies (UDS), their adoption into clinical practice in Africa has been slow. This study aimed to review the use of invasive UDS in children at a tertiary paediatric hospital in South Africa. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1108 UDS was conducted. Patient demographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, indication and urodynamic outcomes were reviewed. Presence of urodynamic high-risk features were documented, and a comparison was made between the first study and follow-up study. Results: This study revealed increasing trends in the use of UDS from 2015. Referrals were from Urology (37.7%), Spinal defects clinic (34.4%), Nephrology (20.8%) and other departments (7.0%). The most common reason for referral was review of medical treatment (36.5%). Spinal dysraphism (58.3%) accounted for the majority of conditions seen. Majority (59.1%) of the patients were receiving more than one type of bladder treatment at the time of their first study, with clean intermittent catheterisation (46.5%) being the most common form of bladder management. 97.5% of studies were performed using transurethral bladder catheterization. Urodynamic diagnosis was neurogenic in 74.0%, anatomical (12.2%), functional (8.8%) and normal (5.0%). There was statistically significant improvement in bladder compliance, detrusor leak point pressure and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia between the first study and a subsequent study following therapeutic intervention. Conclusion: The unique ability of UDS to demonstrate changes in detrusor pressures, which is a common reason for therapy failure, makes UDS an invaluable tool in the diagnosis and management of children with lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Administrator Perspectives of Community College Career and Technical Programs A Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Gauthier Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Community colleges facilitate most career and technical education (CTE) and workforce preparatory programs nationwide and are considered the premier institutions to administer these programs. This study explores community college administrator perspectives of CTE programs. The study recruited 17 participants representing 12 institutions in Florida's college system. Using the survey research method, a principal component analysis resulted in three factors extracted from the data and three significant correlations. Factors include social cognitive ability, learning outcomes, and curriculum and course content. The study concludes that administrators understand the intended meaning and value of CTE programs but do not appropriately appreciate the rigor or context for which these programs support the stakeholders.
A Simplified Model and Gain Analysis of Raman-EDFA Hybrid Amplifier for DWDM System
Authors: Pradhan D D , Palai Gopinath , Sardeshmukh M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Present communication delivers a novel kind of silica based hybrid amplifier which can find suitable application in DWDM optical network. The proposed hybrid amplifier includes both EDFA and Raman amplifier to envisage high gain characteristics for 64 channels in both S + C band and S + C + L wavelength band (1545–1570 nm). Various parameters of the hybrid amplifier such as doping concentration, pump power, pump wavelength, fiber length are judiciously chosen to optimize the gain profile. Aside from this, simulation upshots for individual amplifiers infer that EDFA shows a high gain of 22.1 dB for co-directional pumping and Raman amplifier deduces a gain of 12.2 dB for counter-directional pumping whereas EDFA-Raman hybrid amplifier bestows a substantial high gain of 23.03 dB for co-directional pumping configuration. Additionally, it has been inferred that the hybrid amplifier offers a very minimal gain ripple of 0.8 dB, which indicates the gain is almost flat. Hence, considering the aforementioned high gain and flat gain characteristics, the suggested EDFA-Raman hybrid amplifier opens up an avenue for future optical dense wavelength division multiplexing systems.
An Investigation of Penalization and Data Augmentation to Improve Convergence of Generalized Estimating Equations for Clustered Binary Outcomes
Authors: Geroldinger Angelika , Blagus Rok , Ogden Helen , Heinze Georg 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
In binary logistic regression data are ‘separable’ if there exists a linear combination of explanatory variables which perfectly predicts the observed outcome, leading to non-existence of some of the maximum likelihood coefficient estimates. A popular solution to obtain finite estimates even with separable data is Firth’s logistic regression, which was originally proposed to reduce the bias in coefficient estimates. The question of convergence becomes more involved when analyzing clustered data as frequently encountered in clinical research, e.g. data collected in several study centers or when individuals contribute multiple observations, using marginal logistic regression models fitted by generalized estimating equations (GEE). From our experience we suspect that separable data are a sufficient, but not a necessary condition for non-convergence of GEE. Thus, we expect that generalizations of approaches that can handle separable uncorrelated data may reduce but not fully remove the non-convergence issues of GEE.
Methods
We investigate one recently proposed and two new extensions of FL to GEE. With ‘penalized GEE’ the GEE are treated as score equations, i.e. as derivatives of a log-likelihood set to zero, which are then modified as in FL. We introduce two approaches motivated by the equivalence of FL and maximum likelihood estimation with iteratively augmented data. Specifically, we consider fully iterated and single-step versions of these ‘augmented GEE’ approach. We compare the three approaches with respect to convergence behavior, practical applicability and performance using simulated data and a real data example.
Results
Our simulations indicate that all three extensions of FL to GEE substantially improve convergence compared to ordinary GEE, while showing a similar or even better performance in terms of accuracy of coefficient estimates and predictions. Penalized GEE often slightly outperforms the augmented GEE approaches, but this comes at the cost of a higher burden of implementation.
Conclusions
When fitting marginal logistic regression models using GEE on sparse data we recommend to apply penalized GEE if one has access to a suitable software implementation and single-step augmented GEE otherwise.
UV-Visible Spectroscopic Technique for Prediction of Total Polyphenol Contents for a Bunch of Medicinal Plant Extracts
Authors: Guemari Fathi , Laouini Salah Eddine , Rebiai Abdelkrim , Bouafia Abderrhmane , Tliba Ali , Barhoum Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Medicinal plants extracts are a rich natural source of active phytochemicals (Polyphenols) that are known to have important health-enhancing properties. This study determines the total content of polyphenols of nine medicinal plants extracted using the accurate UV-vis spectroscopic method, along with the Orange Data Mining Tool (ODMT). The total content of polyphenols for the selected medicinal plant extracts (Daucus Carota L., Ruta Chalepensis L., Anisosciadium DC., Thymus Vulgaris, Senna Alexandrina, Myrtus Communis, Silybum Marianum Flower, Silybum marianum Leaves, and Rosa moschata) was measured using gallic acid as a standard. The intended method requires a maximum of 1 mg of Gallic acid and only 1 mg of the plant extract. The wavelength range of the maximum absorption in the UV-vis spectrum was about 270 nm. For polyphenols, the purposed method linear dynamic concertation range (44.67 to 334.7 mg GAE/g DW) with a recovery percentage range of 95.3–104.3%. This method is easy, fast, accurate, and less expensive than the Folin Ciocalteu method.
Collaboration and partnerships between higher education institutions and variousstakeholders: Case study, the University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Bidandi Fred , Ambe Norfor Anthony , Mukong Claudia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we attempt to locate collaboration and partnerships between higher education institutions and various stakeholders, including the state, students, teaching and administrative staff, the community and corporate entities. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the contribution of stakeholders to the developmental trajectory and sustenance of higher education institutions using the University of the Western Cape as the case study. The paper has analysed existing scholarship to understand the importance of stakeholders and their impact on higher education institutions. It argues that stakeholder collaboration and partnerships are not limited to academia within particular universities but encompass a myriad of other entities depending on the institution’s vision and mission. The study adopted a qualitative approach utilising existing data from the literature and interviews with participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Data were collected semistructured with key informants. In total, 11 participants participated in the interviews. Furthermore, the study evaluated higher education in postapartheid South Africa, the concept of stakeholders concerning HEIs, the University of the Western Cape, collaboration and partnerships between HEIs and stakeholders as well as a theoretical perspective that underpins the study. The results show that stakeholder collaborations have led UWC to student development focus, teaching and learning focus, infrastructure development and research focus.
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Disease Unveiling the Diagnosis of EBV-Related Large B Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with HIV
Authors: Noveihed Alexandra , Liang Shiochee , Glotfelty Joel , Lawrence Ibiyonu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare disease resulting from the overactivation of the immune system due to under regulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. HLH is associated with malignancies, infections, autoimmune disorders and rarely AIDS and is rapidly fatal. Case Presentation: This case report identified a 53 year old male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented with neutropenic fever of unknown origin. He had two previous hospitalizations prior to the hospitalization diagnosing HLH. The first led to a diagnosis of drug fevers in the setting of treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and subsequent hospitalization led to empiric treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia after workup for intermittent fevers was negative. He was discharged but readmitted ten days after for recurrence of neutropenic fevers. During this final hospitalization, he was found to have elevated liver enzymes, ferritin, triglycerides and soluble IL-2 receptor with persistent fevers, new splenomegaly and bicytopenia meeting the 2004 HLH criteria. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of HLH as well as EBV associated large B-cell lymphoma. The patient improved on treatment with steroids, rituximab, tocilizumab, and chemotherapy but ultimately passed away due to refractory septic shock from multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: This novel case highlights a patient diagnosed with HLH in the setting of several risk factors for the disease, including AIDS, B-cell lymphoma and EBV. Additionally, this case highlights the importance of early consideration of HLH in the setting of neutropenic fever without clear infectious etiology and search for malignancy associated reasons for HLH especially in immunocompromised patients.
Congenital malignant melanoma- the unique entity of pediatric melanoma: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Xu Kailun , Sun Zhaoyun , Li Can , Wang Lifeng , Guan Wenbin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Pediatric malignant melanoma (MM) is categorized by the age as congenital, childhood and adolescent subtypes. Congenital melanoma is present at birth or in the first year of life. It is an exceedingly rare entity for the low incidence and difficult diagnosis. Here, we present two cases of congenital malignant melanoma. Besides, we describe the special clinicopathologic and molecular features of pediatric MM especially congenital sub-type by reviewing the literature. Case presentation: We report two cases of congenital malignant melanoma. One is a boy patient who had been born with a mass in the occipital scalp, the other newborn girl presented with a mass at birth on her right shoulder. Two patients all underwent the excision of the nodular lesion. Histological evaluation revealed the boy case is pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM), a unique low-grade variant of malignant melanoma of the skin. The other is congenital melanoma. After the operation, the boy patient presented with cervical lymph node metastasis on the third postoperative month, but is still alive and is developing well. The girl patient recovered, with no recurrence or metastasis since follow-up.Conclusions: Congenital melanoma is a rare sub-type of pediatric melanoma. Accurate diagnosis of congenital MM is challenging and requires the combination of clinical presentation, pathologic and molecular findings. The cases we offered will contribute to the understanding of epidemiological features and molecular biology of congenital MM and pediatric MM.