bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size frequency, length‐weight relationships, condition factor and relationships between fish size and otolith dimensions in the Pama croaker Otolithoides pama (Hamilton, 1822) from Lower Meghna River Estuary, Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiya Ananya , Siddique Mohammad Abdul Momin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relationships between fish size, weight and otolith morphometry are useful for fisheries management, predator–prey studies and feeding habits. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study was to determine the relationships between body length, body weight and otolith dimensions, and to calculate the length‐weight relationship and condition factor for a Sciaenid fish Pama croaker, Otolithoides pama (Hamilton, 1822) from the Lower Meghna estuary, Bangladesh. Field sampling was conducted from September 2019 to March 2020. The length, breadth and weight were measured for each pair of sagittae, as well as the total length (TL), standard length (SL) and body weight (BW) for each specimen. A total of 246 fish samples were collected. The TL and BW of collected individuals ranged from 14.40 to 27.40‐cm and 21 to 175‐g, respectively. The calculated growth coefficient (b = 3.018 for males; 3.052 for females) were >3, indicating the fish follow a positive allometric growth. The mean Fulton's condition (Kn) values ranged from 0.674 ± 0.06 to 0.776 ± 0.07, exhibiting similar trends for all size classes. The relationships for fish size and otolith morphometry were described by linear regression models as TL = 0.048OL – 0.308 (r2 = 0.921); BW = 0.047OL + 6.252 (r2 = 0.929); TL = 0.003OW – 0.414 (r2 = 0.836); BW = 0.003OW + 0.039 (r2 = 0.81). The otolith length and weight exhibited a strong correlation (0.929 > r2 > 0.805) with total length and body weight, while the otolith breadth exhibited a weak correlation. No significant differences between left and right otolith were observed (p > .05). Because the results of the present study indicated fish length and otolith growth have a positive relationship, this finding can be a valuable tool to evaluate fish growth by back‐calculating the length of a fish from its otolith characteristics.
Targeting of genomic and negative‐sense strands of viral RNA contributes to antiviral resistance mediated by artificial miRNAs and promotes the emergence of complex viral populations
Authors: Mesel Frida , Zhao Mingmin , García Beatriz , Simón‐Mateo Carmen , García Juan Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTechnology based on artificial small RNAs, including artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs), exploits natural RNA silencing mechanisms to achieve silencing of endogenous genes or pathogens. This technology has been successfully employed to generate resistance against different eukaryotic viruses. However, information about viral RNA molecules effectively targeted by these small RNAs is rather conflicting, and factors contributing to the selection of virus mutants escaping the antiviral activity of virus‐specific small RNAs have not been studied in detail. In this work, we transformed Nicotiana benthamiana plants with amiRNA constructs designed against the potyvirus plum pox virus (PPV), a positive‐sense RNA virus, and obtained lines highly resistant to PPV infection and others showing partial resistance. These lines have allowed us to verify that amiRNA directed against genomic RNA is more efficient than amiRNA targeting its complementary strand. However, we also provide evidence that the negative‐sense RNA strand is cleaved by the amiRNA‐guided RNA silencing machinery. Our results show that the selection pressure posed by the amiRNA action on both viral RNA strands causes an evolutionary explosion that results in the emergence of a broad range of virus variants, which can further expand in the presence, and even in the absence, of antiviral challenges.
Craniofacial morphology in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gjørup Hans , Jacobsen Pernille Endrup , Hald Jannie Dahl , Haubek Dorte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the craniofacial and neurocranial morphology of adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with controls and to elucidate whether osseous origin impacts on morphological deviations in OI.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four adults (mean age 45.8) with OI type I, 14 adults (mean age 42.6) with OI types III/IV and 49 adult controls (mean age 41.0) were included. All participants had European ethnicity. Cranial morphology was assessed by 2D‐cephalometry. Comparison between groups was made by multiple regression analyses.ResultsComparison between OI groups and controls: (1) Dimension of the maxilla and mandible, respectively was reduced (P < .01), and in relation to the posterior cranial base, the maxilla was retro‐positioned (P < .001), and the mandible was prognathic (P < .001). (2) The anterior face height was reduced (P < .04), and in OI types III/IV only, the maxilla was posteriorly inclined (P < .001). (3) Anterior cranial base (P < .001) and the dimension sella‐frontale (P < .02) were short. (4) The sagittal dimension of the posterior cranial fossa was increased (P < .01), and the vertical dimension was reduced (P < .01).ConclusionsAdults with OI had a hypoplastic, retro‐positioned and posteriorly inclined maxilla, a hypoplastic and forward‐positioned mandible, and a reduced anterior face height. Deviations were seen in morphology of the posterior cranial fossa. The impact of OI on cranial morphology was generally more evident in OI type III/IV than in OI type I. OI impacts on osseous cranial structures irrespective of bony origin being intramembranous or endochondral.
Impact of high frequency stimulation to confirm a complete box isolation in catheter ablation of non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kato Kazuo , Hasegawa Shin , Kikuchi Shun , Uehara Yukihiro , Ishiguro Nobuo , Tanaka Akimitsu , Tominaga Shimpei , Goto Hiroko , Shibata Norihisa , Kametani Ryosuke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary vein (PV) isolation (PVI) including the left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) (Box‐PVI) is proposed as an additional strategy for non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (NPAF), however, the efficacy remains controversial. The more reliable and durable the Box‐PVI we can create, the better the rhythm outcomes might be than with a conventional PVI alone. This study focused on the potential exit conduction of the box lesion and investigated whether the conventional Box‐PVI would be sufficient.Methods and ResultsWe enrolled 350 consecutive patients with NPAF that underwent a conventional encircling Box‐PVI and examined whether latent exit conduction and dormant “exit” conduction independently remained on the LAPW and in the PVs using high frequency stimulation (HFS) and an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) injection. All electrograms inside the box lesion were eliminated in all cases, however, HFS inside the box propagated outward in 23 cases (6.6%) without any exit conduction by conventional burst stimulation, and 24 cases (6.9%) exhibited only dormant “exit” conduction of the LAPW. Additional ablation where positive HFSs were observed created a complete bidirectional Box‐PVI in 43 (41.3%) of the cases without a first pass Box‐PVI. The recurrence rates depended on the groups classified according to the HFS response.ConclusionHFS delivered with an ATP injection on the LAPW and in the PVs following a Box‐PVI could not only elucidate true exit block but also identified possible incomplete lesions or connections outside the ablation line, whose elimination could achieve a complete Box‐PVI leading to a better rhythm outcome.
Ribose and Deoxyribose Group Alter Excited‐State Dynamics of 5‐Azacytosine in Solution†
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Wang Xueli , Jia Menghui , He Xiaoxiao , Pan Haifeng , Chen Jinquan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract5‐Azacytosine (5‐AC) is one of the best interesting noncanonical nucleobases due to its functionalization and structural imitation of natural bases. 5‐AC can be used as the scaffold of two important chemotherapeutic medicines, 5‐azacytidine and 2′‐deoxy‐5‐azacytidine. Furthermore, increased sensitivity to UV leads to the photochemical effects of 5‐AC also attracted attention. Yet, no study has been reported to explore the effect of glycosyl groups on the photophysical and photochemical properties of 5‐AC, which can help to reveal the photostability of related actual clinic drugs. In this study, the excited‐state dynamics of 5‐azacytidine and 2′‐deoxy‐5‐azacytidine are studied by femtosecond transient absorption and quantum‐chemical calculations while revisiting that of 5‐AC with a wider probe spectral range. It is shown that glycosyl substitution on the N1 position leads to ultrafast excited‐state relaxation within several picoseconds in both nucleosides, which is distinct compared with the 17 ps lifetime seen in 5‐AC. It is proposed that these changes are due to altering the energy level of the dark nπ* state. Moreover, our results suggest that it should be cautioned to simply replace sugar groups with methyl groups when doing a theoretical calculation study on nucleobases and their derivatives.
The epistemic imagination revisited
Authors: Kinberg Ori , Levy Arnon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, various philosophers have argued that we can obtain knowledge via the imagination. In particular, it has been suggested that we can come to know concrete, empirical matters of everyday significance by appropriately imagining relevant scenarios. Arguments for this thesis come in two main varieties:black box reliabilityarguments andconstraints‐basedarguments. We suggest that both strategies are unsuccessful. Against black‐box arguments, we point to evidence from empirical psychology, question a central case‐study, and raise concerns about a (claimed) evolutionary rationale for the imagination's reliability. Against the constraints‐based account, we argue that to the extent that it works, this does not give rise to knowledge that is distinctivelyfrom the imagination. We conclude by suggesting that the imagination's role in raising possibilities, traditionally seen as part of the context of discovery, can in fact play a role in justification, including as a bulwark against certain sorts of skepticism.
Varieties of welfare markets from a street‐level perspective: Comparing long‐term care services in Germany and Israel
Authors: Cohen Nissim , Klenk Tanja , Davidovitz Maayan , Cardaun Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHow does the marketization of social service provision impact the practices of street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) towards their clients? To explore this question, we compare the markets for ambulatory long‐term care for the elderly in Germany and Israel, which differ in the latitude of choice offered to clients and the intensity of state regulation. Based on 52 qualitative interviews with SLBs and managers of care providers, our study shows that in both countries, institutional contexts play a significant role in shaping street‐level bureaucracy practices. We found that SLBs and managers in Israel engage in entrepreneurial behavior, whereas their German counterparts adopt administrative practices. By identifying these tendencies as responses to the respective welfare market characteristics, the article makes an important contribution to the field of comparative SLB research and furthers our understanding of the broader implications of the marketization of welfare services.
Multilevel causal attributions on transboundary risk: Effects on attributions of responsibility, psychological distance, and policy support
Authors: Kim Hye Kyung , Kim Yungwook 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study used two randomized experiments in a prospective design (Study 1 N = 297, Study 2 N = 296) to examine how multilevel causal attribution dimensions (internal vs. external to an individual or a country) shape domestic and foreign policy support to counter transboundary risk. Results from Study 1 and 2 showed that external‐country (vs. internal‐country) causal attribution reduced perceptions of internal‐country attributions of responsibility, which had a cross‐lagged effect on support for domestic‐industry policies to mitigate the risk. In contrast, perceptions of external‐country attributions of responsibility increased support for foreign policies in a 2‐week follow up. This study offers theoretical insights into the demarcation of multilevel causal attribution dimensions in studying media framing effects. It also highlights some important causal mechanisms of how media frames shape public support for policies aimed at transboundary risk mitigation.
Inpatient teaching with a clinical review game
Authors: Ilagan‐Ying Ysabel C. , Windish Donna M. , Wijesekera Thilan P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundShortened preclinical curricula, social distancing policies and the fast‐paced nature of inpatient medicine make clinical education challenging. Crowdsourced learning and a review game derived from real‐time patient cases can offer an engaging solution for inpatient teaching.ApproachWe implemented a clinical review game with 67 participants (10 physician instructors, 40 residents and 17 medical students) rotating through the adult inpatient medicine service at an academic medical centre from July 2018 through July 2020. During 2‐week rotations, participants identified shareable teaching points about their patients on rounds. Teaching points were compiled by an instructor into a 30‐minute end‐of‐rotation review game formatted from a free gameshow‐based PowerPoint template. After the review game was completed, learners were then asked to complete end‐of‐rotation evaluations.EvaluationLearners were surveyed on their educational experience, and teaching point submissions were studied. After eight rotations, 39 participants (39/67 = 58.2% response rate) submitted a total of 268 teaching points, and nearly half of which were from learners (n = 131 [48.9%]). In the review game, 35 residents and 17 medical students participated and correctly answered 80% of questions. Learner evaluations highlighted the activity strengths including self‐directed learning, peer teaching from primary literature and a warm, collaborative educational environment.ImplicationsOur crowdsourced clinical review game approach helped to highlight clinically relevant content for teaching rounds, build a collaborative culture across trainee levels and encourage self‐study for trainees to stay informed with current evidence‐based practice, even during pandemic restrictions.
Blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in apnoea divers
Authors: Kelly Tyler , Brown Courtney , Bryant‐Ekstrand Mohini , Lord Rachel , Dawkins Tony , Drane Aimee , Futral Joel E. , Barak Otto , Dragun Tanja , Stembridge Michael , Spajić Boris , Drviš Ivan , Duke Joseph W. , Ainslie Philip N. , Foster Glen E. , Dujic Zeljko , Lovering Andrew T. 
Published: August 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does the hyperbaric, hypercapnic, acidotic, hypoxic stress of apnoea diving lead to greater pulmonary vasoreactivity and increased right heart work in apnoea divers?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Compared with sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects, divers experienced significantly less change in total pulmonary resistance in response to short‐duration isocapnic hypoxia. With oral sildenafil (50 mg), there were no differences in total pulmonary resistance between groups, suggesting that divers can maintain normal pulmonary artery tone in hypoxic conditions. Blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction might be beneficial during apnoea diving.

AbstractCompetitive apnoea divers dive repetitively to depths >50 m. During the final portions of ascent, divers experience significant hypoxaemia. Additionally, hyperbaria during diving increases thoracic blood volume while simultaneously reducing lung volume and increasing pulmonary artery pressure. We hypothesized that divers would have exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, leading to increased right heart work owing to their repetitive hypoxaemia and hyperbaria, and that the administration of sildenafil would have a greater effect in reducing pulmonary resistance in divers. We recruited 16 divers (Divers) and 16 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐diving control subjects (Controls). Using a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over design, participants were evaluated for normal cardiac and lung function, then their cardiopulmonary responses to 20–30 min of isocapnic hypoxia (end‐tidal partial pressure of O2 = 50 mmHg) were measured 1 h after ingestion of 50 mg sildenafil or placebo. Cardiac structure and cardiopulmonary function were similar at baseline. With placebo, Divers had a significantly smaller increase in total pulmonary resistance than Controls after 20–30 min isocapnic hypoxia (change −3.85 ± 72.85 vs. 73.74 ± 91.06 dyns cm−5, P = 0.0222). With sildenafil, Divers and Controls had similar blunted increases in total pulmonary resistance after 20–30 min of hypoxia. Divers also had a significantly lower systemic vascular resistance after sildenafil in normoxia. These data indicate that repetitive apnoea diving leads to a blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We suggest that this is a beneficial adaption allowing for increased cardiac output with reduced right heart work and thus reducing cardiac oxygen utilization in hypoxaemic conditions.
Clinical and Microbiological Characterization of Pediatric Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in a Fourth-Level Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, over a Period of Four Years
Authors: Lince Isabella , León María Camila , Rodríguez Natalia , González María Camila , López Hugo 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequent infectious diseases in the pediatric population. There is no updated data available in literature of the pathogens responsible for complicated and uncomplicated UTI in children and their antimicrobial resistance profiles at the San Ignacio University Hospital or in the city of Bogotá. Objective: Carry out a demographic and clinical characterization of pediatric patients with UTI and a microbiological characterization of the resistance pattern of its main etiological agents. Study design: Cross-sectional study including all pediatric patients under 10 years of age with UTI confirmed by urine culture who consulted our institution between January 2014 and December 2017. Redcap was used for the registration of data corresponding to demographic variables, clinical manifestations, isolated microorganisms with their antibiograms, complications, and recurrence rate of UTI. Results: A registry of 675 patients under 10 years of age with urinary tract infection was obtained, with an average age of 23 months and a higher prevalence in females (71%). 15.4% of the patients had an urinary tract malformation, 3.5% had history of previous urological surgery and 21% had constipation as a comorbidity. 98.4% of the UTIs were acquired in the community and the most common isolated agents were Escherichia coli (73.9%), Proteus mirabilis (12.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.7%). The most frequent resistance patterns were penicillinase-producing (41.5%) multi-sensitive (32.1%) and cephalosporins resistance (26%). Regarding the treatment established, cephalosporins were used in 92% of the cases; mainly of first generation (61%) and third generation (38%). 23% of the patients had an associated complication.
Factores que influyen en la sobrecarga de cuidadores informales de pacientes con Trastorno Neurocognitivo debido a enfermedad de Alzheimer
Authors: Cerquera Córdoba Ara Mercedes , Dugarte Peña Edwin , Tiga Loza Diana Carolina , Plata Osma Leidy Johanna , Castellanos Suárez Leonardo , Álvarez Anaya William Armando 
Published: August 2022

La sobrecarga es uno de los fenómenos presentados en los cuidadores de pacientes con Alzheimer. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los factores que influyen en la sobrecarga de cuidadores informales de pacientes con Alzheimer, partícipes de un programa de intervención en Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia. El estudio fue transversal anidado en un ensayo controlado aleatorizado con 3 grupos en paralelo, y con una muestra a conveniencia de 58 cuidadores. Adicionalmente, se aplicó la escala de carga del cuidador de Zarit y una entrevista estructurada, al igual que se utilizó un modelo de efectos mixtos con varianza no estructurada. Se encontró que la edad media fue de 55.6 años (79.3 %), mujeres e hijos (70.7 %), un bajo uso de redes de apoyo (8.6 %) y una mediana de dedicación al cuidado de 24 horas/día. Como factores asociados a la sobrecarga, por cada año del cuidador, la sobrecarga disminuye 0.5 puntos (p = 0.005), así como se encuentra con más sobrecarga a los cuidadores cuyos pacientes tienen una mayor afectación del comportamiento (p = 0.003), los cuidadores que tienen otro empleo (p = 0.025) y la falta de apoyo brindado por otros familiares (p = 0.014). Estos resultados permiten caracterizar a familiares cuidadores en quienes se requiere una intervención multidisciplinaria.
Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating Effects on 3D Magnetohydrodynamics Flow of Williamson Nanofluid in a Porous Medium Over a Stretching Surface With Melting Condition
Authors: Tarakaramu Nainaru , Sivakumar Narsu , Satya Narayana P. V. , Sivajothi Ramalingam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of the current article is to demonstrate heat transfer characteristics of Williamson nanofluid flow through a stretching surface with a porous medium in two lateral directions. Heat generation, nonlinear thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and chemical reaction are also considered in time-independent boundary layer equations of heat and concentration. One more significant boundary condition is the melting condition which is introduced in this study for the purpose of more heat generation and suitable transformations by the satisfied continuity equation are selected, These are used to translate the coupled time-independent partial differential equations into a coupled nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations. The translated equations are computed as numerical solutions by utilizing the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (R–K–F) fourth-order algorithm with the help of a shooting procedure in matlab (bvp4) programming. The significance of physical emerging nondimensional parameters is predicted through graphs and discussed numerically in detail on mass of conservation, temperature, and concentration. The numerical values of the coefficient of the skin friction are displayed through a table with large enhanced values of nondimensional parameters and heat transfer rate explained in detail through graphs.