bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on “flavor invariants and renormalization-group equations in the leptonic sector with massive Majorana neutrinos”
Authors: Lu Jianlong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently in JHEP09 (2021) 053, Wang et al. discussed the polynomial ring formed by flavor invariants in the leptonic sector with massive Majorana neutrinos. They have explicitly constructed the finite generating sets of the polynomial rings for both two-generation scenario and three-generation scenario. However, Wang et al.’s claim of the finiteness of the generating sets of the polynomial rings and their calculation by the approach of Hilbert series with generalized Molien-Weyl formula are both based on their assertion that the unitary group U(n, ℂ) is reductive, which is unfortunately incorrect. The property of being reductive is only applicable to linear algebraic groups. And it is well-known that the unitary group U(n, ℂ) is not even a linear algebraic group. In this paper, we point out the above issue and provide a solution to fill in the accompanying logical gaps in JHEP09 (2021) 053. Some important results from the theory of linear algebraic group, the invariant theory of square matrices and group theory are needed in the analysis. We also clarify some somewhat misleading or vague statements in JHEP09 (2021) 053 about the scope of flavor invariants. Note that, although built from incorrect assertion, Wang et al.’s calculation results in JHEP09 (2021) 053 are nonetheless correct, which is ultimately because the ring of invariants of U(n, ℂ) is isomorphic to that of GL(n, ℂ) which is itself reductive.
Patterns of C- and CP-violation in hadronic η and η′ three-body decays
Authors: Akdag Hakan , Isken Tobias , Kubis Bastian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We construct hadronic amplitudes for the three-body decays η(′) → π+π−π0 and η′ → ηπ+π− in a non-perturbative fashion, allowing for C- and CP-violating asymmetries in the π+π− distributions. These amplitudes are consistent with the constraints of analyticity and unitarity. We find that the currently most accurate Dalitz-plot distributions taken by the KLOE-2 and BESIII collaborations confine the patterns of these asymmetries to a relative per mille and per cent level, respectively. Our dispersive representation allows us to extract the individual coupling strengths of the C- and CP-violating contributions arising from effective isoscalar and isotensor operators in η(′) → π+π−π0 and an effective isovector operator in η′ → ηπ+π−, while the strongly different sensitivities to these operators can be understood from chiral power counting arguments.
The cosmological moduli problem and naturalness
Authors: Bae Kyu Jung , Baer Howard , Barger Vernon , Deal Robert Wiley 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, the cosmological moduli problem (CMP) comes in three parts: 1. potential violation of Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints from late decaying moduli fields, 2. the moduli-induced gravitino problem wherein gravitinos are overproduced and their decays violate BBN or dark matter overproduction bounds and 3. the moduli-induced lightest SUSY particle (LSP) overproduction problem. Also, the CMP may be regarded as either a problem or else a solution to scenarios with dark matter over- or under-production. We examine the cosmological moduli problem and its connection to electroweak naturalness. We calculate the various two-body decay widths of a light modulus field into MSSM particles and gravitinos within general supersymmetric models. We include both phase space and mixing effects. We examine cases without and with helicity suppression of modulus decays to gravitinos (cases 1 & 2) and/or gauginos (cases A & B). For case B1, we evaluate regions of gravitino mass m3/2 vs. modulus mass mϕ parameter space constrained by BBN, by overproduction of gravitinos and by overproduction of neutralino dark matter, along with connections to naturalness. For this case, essentially all of parameter space is excluded unless mϕ ≳ 2.5 × 103 TeV with mϕ< 2m3/2. For a potentially most propitious case B2 with ϕ decay to Higgs and matter turned off, then modulus branching fractions to SUSY and to gravitinos become highly suppressed at large mϕ. But since the modulus number density increases faster than the branching fractions decrease, there is still gross overproduction of neutralino dark matter. We also show that in this scenario the thermally produced gravitino problem is fixed by huge entropy dilution, but non-thermal gravitino production from moduli decay remains a huge problem unless it is kinematically suppressed with mϕ< 2m3/2. In a pedagogical appendix, we present detailed calculations of modulus field two-body decay widths.
QCD factorization for the four-body leptonic B-meson decays
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Yu-Ming , Wei Yan-Bing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Employing the QCD factorization formalism we compute $$ {B}_u^{-}\to {\gamma}^{\ast}\mathrm{\ell}{\overline{v}}_{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

B
u
−

→

γ
∗

ℓ

v
¯

ℓ

form factors with an off-shell photon state possessing the virtuality of order mb ΛQCD and $$ {m}_b^2 $$

m
b
2

, respectively, at next-to-leading order in QCD. Perturbative resummation for the enhanced logarithms of mb/ΛQCD in the resulting factorization formulae is subsequently accomplished at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy with the renormalization-group technique in momentum space. In particular, we derive the soft-collinear factorization formulae for a variety of the subleading power corrections to the exclusive radiative $$ {B}_u^{-}\to {\gamma}^{\ast }{W}^{\ast } $$

B
u
−

→

γ
∗

W
∗

form factors with a hard-collinear photon at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^0\right) $$
O

α
s
0

. We further construct a complete set of the angular observables governing the full differential distribution of the four-body leptonic decays $$ {B}_u^{-}\to {\mathrm{\ell}}^{\prime }{\overline{\mathrm{\ell}}}^{\prime}\mathrm{\ell}{\overline{v}}_{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

B
u
−

→

ℓ
′

ℓ
¯

′

ℓ

v
¯

ℓ

with ℓ, ℓ′ ∈ {e, μ} and then perform an exploratory phenomenological analysis for a number of decay observables accessible at the LHCb and Belle II experiments, with an emphasis on the systematic uncertainties arising from the shape parameters of the leading-twist B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude in heavy quark effective theory.
A ν supersymmetric anomaly-free atlas
Authors: Allanach B. C. , Madigan Maeve , Tooby-Smith Joseph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) gauge group abound in the literature. Several of these include an additional U(1)X gauge group. Chiral fermions’ charge assignments under U(1)X are constrained to cancel local anomalies in the extension and they determine the structure and phenomenology of it. We provide all anomaly-free charge assignments up to a maximum absolute charge of Qmax = 10, assuming that the chiral superfield content of the model is that of the MSSM plus up to three Standard Model (SM) singlet superfields. The fermionic components of these SM singlets may play the rôle of right-handed neutrinos, whereas one of the scalar components may play the rôle of the flavon, spontaneously breaking U(1)X. Easily scanned lists of the charge assignments are made publicly available on Zenodo. For the case where no restriction is placed upon Qmax, we also provide an analytic parameterisation of the general solution using simple techniques from algebraic geometry.
Carrollian and Galilean conformal higher-spin algebras in any dimensions
Authors: Campoleoni Andrea , Pekar Simon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present higher-spin algebras containing a Poincaré subalgebra and with the same set of generators as the Lie algebras that are relevant to Vasiliev’s equations in any space-time dimension D ≥ 3. Given these properties, they can be considered either as candidate rigid symmetries for higher-spin gauge theories in Minkowski space or as Carrollian conformal higher-spin symmetries in one less dimension. We build these Lie algebras as quotients of the universal enveloping algebra of $$ \mathfrak{iso}\left(1,D-1\right) $$
iso

1

D
−
1

and we show how to recover them as Inönü-Wigner contractions of the rigid symmetries of higher-spin gauge theories in Anti de Sitter space or, equivalently, of relativistic conformal higher-spin symmetries. We use the same techniques to also define higher-spin algebras with the same set of generators and containing a Galilean conformal subalgebra, to be interpreted as non-relativistic limits of the conformal symmetries of a free scalar field. We begin by showing that the known flat-space higher-spin algebras in three dimensions can be obtained as quotients of the universal enveloping algebra of $$ \mathfrak{iso}\left(1,2\right) $$
iso

1
2

and then we extend the analysis along the same lines to a generic number of space-time dimensions. We also discuss the peculiarities that emerge for D = 5.
Quark and gluon contents of a lepton at high energies
Authors: Han Tao , Ma Yang , Xie Keping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In high-energy leptonic collisions, such as at a multi-TeV muon collider, the collinear splittings of the electroweak (EW) gauge bosons and leptons are the dominant phenomena, and the scattering processes should thus be formulated in terms of the EW parton distribution functions (EW PDFs). We complete this formalism in the Standard Model to include the QCD sector and evaluate the quark and gluon PDFs inside a lepton at the double-log accuracy. The splittings of the photon and subsequently the quarks and gluons control the quark/gluon PDFs below the EW scale. The massive gauge bosons lead to substantial contributions at high scales. The jet production cross section can reach the order of a few nb (50 pb) in e+e−(μ+μ−) collisions, at the TeV c.m. energies with a moderate acceptance cut, that governs the overall event shape up to about $$ {p}_T^j $$

p
T
j

∼ 60 GeV. To complete the picture, we also provide an estimation of the total cross section for the photon-induced hadronic production at low partonic energies, which can reach the level of one hundred or a few tens of nb in high-energy electron or muon collisions.
Compton black-hole scattering for s ≤ 5/2
Authors: Chiodaroli Marco , Johansson Henrik , Pichini Paolo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantum scattering amplitudes for massive matter have received new attention in connection to classical calculations relevant to gravitational-wave physics. Amplitude methods and insights are now employed for precision computations of observables needed for describing the gravitational dynamics of bound massive objects such as black holes. An important direction is the inclusion of spin effects needed to accurately describe rotating (Kerr) black holes. Higher-spin amplitudes introduced by Arkani-Hamed, Huang and Huang at three points have by now a firm connection to the effective description of Kerr black-hole physics. The corresponding Compton higher-spin amplitudes remain however an elusive open problem. Here we draw from results of the higher-spin literature and show that physical insights can be used to uniquely fix the Compton amplitudes up to spin 5/2, by imposing a constraint on a three-point higher-spin current that is a necessary condition for the existence of an underlying unitary theory. We give the unique effective Lagrangians up to spin 5/2, and show that they reproduce the previously-known amplitudes. For the multi-graviton amplitudes analogous to the Compton amplitude, no further corrections to our Lagrangians are expected, and hence such amplitudes are uniquely predicted. As an essential tool, we introduce a modified version of the massive spinor-helicity formalism which allows us to conveniently obtain higher-spin states, propagators and compact expressions for the amplitudes.
Scalar leptoquark pair production at the LHC: precision predictions in the era of flavour anomalies
Authors: Borschensky Christoph , Fuks Benjamin , Kulesza Anna , Schwartländer Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We comprehensively examine precision predictions for scalar leptoquark pair production at the LHC. In particular, we investigate the impact of lepton t-channel exchange diagrams that are potentially relevant in the context of leptoquark scenarios providing an explanation for the flavour anomalies. We also evaluate the corresponding total rates at the next-to-leading order in QCD. Moreover, we complement this calculation with the resummation of soft-gluon radiation at the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, hence providing the most precise predictions for leptoquark pair production at the LHC to date. Relying on a variety of benchmark scenarios favoured by the anomalies, our results exhibit an interesting interplay between the t-channel diagram contributions, the flavour texture satisfied by the leptoquark Yukawa couplings, the leptoquark masses and their representations under the Standard Model gauge group, as well as the chosen set of parton densities used for the numerical evaluations. The net effect on a cross section turns out to be very non-generic and ranges up to about 60% with respect to the usual next-to-leading-order predictions in QCD (i.e. without any t-channel contribution) for some scenarios considered. Dedicated calculations are thus required for any individual leptoquark model that could be considered in a collider analysis in order to assess the size of the studied corrections. In order to facilitate such calculations we provide dedicated public numerical packages.
Relativistic-invariant formulation of the NREFT three-particle quantization condition
Authors: Müller Fabian , Pang Jin-Yi , Rusetsky Akaki , Wu Jia-Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A three-particle quantization condition on the lattice is written down in a manifestly relativistic-invariant form by using a generalization of the non-relativistic effective field theory (NREFT) approach. Inclusion of the higher partial waves is explicitly addressed. A partial diagonalization of the quantization condition into the various irreducible representations of the (little groups of the) octahedral group has been carried out both in the center-of-mass frame and in moving frames. Furthermore, producing synthetic data in a toy model, the relativistic invariance is explicitly demonstrated for the three-body bound state spectrum.
One-loop electroweak Sudakov logarithms: a revisitation and automation
Authors: Pagani Davide , Zaro Marco 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work we revisit the algorithm of Denner and Pozzorini for the calculation of one-loop electroweak Sudakov logarithms and we automate it in the MadGraph5_aMC-@NLO framework. We adapt the formulas for modern calculations, keeping light-quarks and photons strictly massless and dealing with infrared divergences via dimensional regularisation. We improve the approximation by taking into account additional logarithms that are angular dependent. We prove that an imaginary term has been previously omitted and we show that it cannot be in general neglected for 2 → n processes with n > 2. We extend the algorithm to NLO EW corrections to squared matrix-elements that involve also QCD corrections on top of subleading LO terms. Furthermore, we discuss the usage of this algorithm for approximating physical observables and cross sections. We propose a new approach in which the QED component is consistently removed and we show how it can be superior to the commonly used approaches. The relevance of all the novelties introduced in this work is corroborated by numerical results obtained for several processes in a completely automated way. We thoroughly compare exact NLO EW corrections and their Sudakov approximations both at the amplitude level and for physical observables in high-energy hadronic collisions.
Twist1 regulates macrophage plasticity to promote renal fibrosis through galectin-3
Authors: Wu Qingfeng , Sun Shiren , Wei Lei , Liu Minna , Liu Hao , Liu Ting , Zhou Ying , Jia Qing , Wang Di , Yang Zhen , Duan Menglu , Yang Xiaoxia , Gao Peisong , Ning Xiaoxuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRenal interstitial fibrosis is the pathological basis of end-stage renal disease, in which the heterogeneity of macrophages in renal microenvironment plays an important role. However, the molecular mechanisms of macrophage plasticity during renal fibrosis progression remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that increased expression of Twist1 in macrophages was significantly associated with the severity of renal fibrosis in IgA nephropathy patients and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Ablation of Twist1 in macrophages markedly alleviated renal tubular injury and renal fibrosis in UUO mice, accompanied by a lower extent of macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization in the kidney. The knockdown of Twist1 inhibited the chemotaxis and migration of macrophages, at least partially, through the CCL2/CCR2 axis. Twist1 downregulation inhibited M2 macrophage polarization and reduced the secretion of the profibrotic factors Arg-1, MR (CD206), IL-10, and TGF-β. Galectin-3 was decreased in the macrophages of the conditional Twist1-deficient mice, and Twist1 was shown to directly activate galectin-3 transcription. Up-regulation of galectin-3 recovered Twist1-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, Twist1/galectin-3 signaling regulates macrophage plasticity (M2 phenotype) and promotes renal fibrosis. This study could suggest new strategies for delaying kidney fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Multi-task Learning-Based Spoofing-Robust Automatic Speaker Verification System
Authors: Zhao Yuanjun , Togneri Roberto , Sreeram Victor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpoofing attacks posed by generating artificial speech can severely degrade the performance of a speaker verification system. Recently, many anti-spoofing countermeasures have been proposed for detecting varying types of attacks from synthetic speech to replay presentations. While there are numerous effective defenses reported on standalone anti-spoofing solutions, the integration for speaker verification and spoofing detection systems has obvious benefits. In this paper, we propose a spoofing-robust automatic speaker verification system for diverse attacks based on a multi-task learning architecture. This deep learning-based model is jointly trained with time-frequency representations from utterances to provide recognition decisions for both tasks simultaneously. Compared with other state-of-the-art systems on the ASVspoof 2017 and 2019 corpora, a substantial improvement of the combined system under different spoofing conditions can be obtained.
Total hip arthroplasty compared to bipolar and unipolar hemiarthroplasty for displaced hip fractures in the elderly: a Bayesian network meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Maffulli Nicola , Trivellas Mira , Eschweiler Jörg , Hildebrand Frank , Betsch Marcel 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Displaced femoral neck fractures (FNF) usually require surgical treatment with either a total hip arthroplasty (THA), unipolar hemiarthroplasty (U-HHA), or bipolar hemiarthroplasty (B-HHA). However, there is still controversy regarding the optimal implant. This network meta-analysis compared the outcomes and complication rates of THA versus B-HHA and versus U-HHA in elderly patients with FNF.

Material and methods
This study was conducted according to the PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews, and incorporated network meta-analyses of health care interventions. The literature search was performed in September 2020. All randomized clinical trials comparing two or more of the index surgical interventions for displaced FNF in the elderly were eligible for inclusion. For the Bayesian network meta-analysis, the standardized mean difference (SMD) and Log Odd Ratio (LOR) were used.

Results
Data from 24 RCTs (2808 procedures) were analysed. The mean follow-up was 33.8 months. The THA group had the longest surgical time (SMD 85.74) and the greatest Harris Hip Score (SMD − 17.31). THA scored similarly in terms of mortality (LOR 3.89), but had lower rates of revision surgeries (LOR 2.24), higher rates of dislocations (LOR 2.60), and lower rates of acetabular erosion (LOR − 0.02). Cementless implants required a shorter surgical duration (− 18.05 min; P = 0.03). Mortality was positively associated with acetabular erosion (P = 0.006), female gender (P = 0.007), revision (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
THA led to the highest Harris Hip scores and lowest rate of revision surgery compared to B-HHA and U-HHA. However, B-HHA had the lowest dislocation rate when compared with U-HHA and THA. No significant differences in functional outcomes and complication rates were found between cemented and uncemented implants; however, a tendency for lower mortality, revision and dislocation rates in cemented implants was evidenced.

Level of evidence
I, Bayesian network meta-analysis of RCTs.
Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen und ihre Effekte auf die Qualität der Gesundheitsversorgung
Authors: Brönneke Jan Benedikt , Debatin Jörg Felix 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Sicherung der Qualität von Gesundheitsleistungen ist ein Kernanliegen des Systems der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. Es ist daher nicht überraschend, dass die jüngeren Initiativen zur (weiteren) Digitalisierung des Gesundheitssystems ohne Ausnahme mit der Sicherung oder gar Steigerung der Qualität der Leistungserbringung begründet werden. Dies betrifft beispielsweise die Einführung der elektronischen Patientenakte und anderer Anwendungen der Telematikinfrastruktur mit dem Patientendaten-Schutz-Gesetz (PDSG), aber auch die Einführung der digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen mit dem Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz (DVG) sowie die Stärkung der Krankenhaus-IT mit dem Krankenhauszukunftsgesetz (KHZG).Der Artikel beleuchtet die Frage, in welchem Verhältnis der Einsatz verschiedener digitaler Lösungen zu den klassischen Zielen der Qualitätssicherung in der Gesundheitsversorgung steht, insbesondere ob digitale Lösungen geeignet sind, Qualitätssicherung zu befördern.Es zeigt sich, dass digitale Lösungen grundsätzlich geeignet sind, Qualität zu sichern. Dies ist auf 2 Charakteristika digitaler Lösungen zurückzuführen: die Möglichkeit zur umfassenden Erhebung von Daten und die Möglichkeit der zeit- und ortsunabhängigen Bereitstellung von Daten. Es zeigt sich aber auch, dass der Nutzen digitaler Lösungen vom konkreten Anwendungsfall abhängig ist.