bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total, Patient and System Diagnostic Delays for Pulmonary Bacilliferous Tuberculosis in the Six Diagnostic and Treatment Centers in the Five Health Districts of the Central Region, Burkina Faso, 2018
Authors: Yanogo Pauline Kiswendsida , Balima Clarisse , Meda Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Long diagnosis delay contributes significantly to the failure to eradicate tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the total, patient and system delays in diagnosis of pulmonary bacilliferous in the six tuberculosis Diagnostic and Treatment Centers in the five health districts of the central region in Burkina Faso.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 microscopy-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in 2018 to address this objective. It concerned the socio-demographic, clinical, microbiological characteristics, and referral location/pathway characteristics of the patients. We then calculated the different delays. The “patient” (time from first symptoms to first consultation), “system” (time from first consultation to first diagnosis) and total (time from first symptoms to diagnosis) median diagnostic delay were estimated.

Results
The median “total”, “patient” and “system” diagnostic times were 37, 21 and 7 days, respectively. Of the 384 patients surveyed, 158 patients or 41.25% of patients had a long total diagnostic delay (> 45 days). The number of patients with a long system diagnostic delay was 125 patients (32.55%; p < 0.001) and those with a long patient diagnostic delay were 105 patients (27.34%; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The total diagnosis delay of pulmonary tuberculosis was long for almost half of the patients. Awareness of the signs of tuberculosis among patients and caregivers, and consultation in a health center must be intensified to help considerably reduce these delays.
Rapid Antigen Test Combine with Nucleic Acid Detection: A Better Strategy for COVID-19 Screening at Points of Entry
Authors: Zhan Zhiqing , Li Jie , Cheng Zhangkai J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed an enormous disease burden worldwide, and the Delta variant now has become dominant in 53 countries. Recently published studies have shown that during periods of high viral load, rapid antigen tests (RAT) yield similar results to reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, and when used in serial screening (e.g., every three days), it has a high sensitivity. In this perspective, we recommend RT-PCR combined with RAT at points of entry: (i) RAT can be added to the detection phase at ports of entry to detect asymptomatic infections as early as possible; (ii) RAT can be added to post-entry quarantine every three days or less to reduce the rate of missed detection in later quarantine; (iii) Adding regular RAT to regular PCR testing for key airport personnel to prevent cross-infection and conduct closed-off management. In the face of sporadic Delta variant outbreaks, the combination of the two could help rapid triage and management of suspected populations at an early stage and thus contain the outbreak more quickly and effectively. We also discuss the issue whether the current antigen detection reagents can cope with various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Psychometric Properties of Common Measures of Hypersexuality in an Online Canadian Sample
Authors: Olver Mark E. , Kingston Drew A. , Laverty Erin K. , Seto Michael C. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundHypersexuality has been posited as the central defining feature of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder, and although the acceptance and inclusion of this construct in psychiatric nosologies provides some legitimacy, concerns surrounding terminology, assessment, and diagnosis remain.AimThe present study was an independent psychometric examination of 2 of the most commonly used measures of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder; specifically, the gender invariance of the latent structure, reliability (test retest, internal consistency), and external correlates (concurrent validity) of these measures.MethodsThe Sexual Compulsivity Scale and the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory were completed by 2 nonclinical online community samples of cisgender women (ns = 525 and 359), cisgender men (ns = 419 and 364), and transgender or non-binary individuals (ns = 38 and 11).OutcomesCriterion based measures of sexual history and total sexual outlet (number of orgasms per week) were gathered to validate Sexual Compulsivity Scale and Hypersexual Behavior Inventory total and factor scores.ResultsResults supported the factorial validity of both assessment measures: correlated 3 factor solutions were established through exploratory factor analysis of 1 sample, and confirmatory factor analysis in the second sample. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis, conducted on the 2 combined samples, also supported the gender invariance of the 3-factor solutions. Additional basic psychometric indices of test-retest and internal consistency reliability and criterion-related (concurrent) validity conducted across the 2 online samples were supported.Clinical ImplicationsCommon measures of hypersexuality have potential for use in its assessment, treatment, and management.Strengths & LimitationsStudy strengths include: the inclusion of 2 fairly large and diverse online samples, thorough checks for insufficient effort/validity of responding, validity and reliability methodology (ie, measurement at multiple time points, obtaining behavioral indicators of sexual health), and a comprehensive set of psychometric analyses to inform conclusions regarding the external validity, reliability, and latent structure of hypersexuality measures across gender groups. Study limitations include: potential concerns related to validity and accuracy of responding owing to a reliance on self-report, the potential for selection bias, and limiting the examination of the latent structure of hypersexuality to cisgender men and women such that the results may not generalize to gender diverse populations.ConclusionHypersexuality is a multidimensional construct, with a common latent structure among cisgender men and women, consistency in measurement over time, and meaningful concurrent associations with behavioral criteria that have relevance for sexual health.
Trainee Distress When Faced with End-of-Life Care in Neurology: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Kazazian Karnig , Chum Marvin , Gofton Teneille E. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT:Objective:To identify sources of distress experienced by trainees when providing neuropalliative care and to explore the perceived and unperceived educational needs of trainees learning to deliver neuropalliative care.Method:This study is a post hoc analysis of a qualitative investigation performed at a single Canadian academic center with active clinical services in palliative medicine, neurology, and neurosurgery. Grounded theory methodology was used to explore trainees’ perspectives when learning neuropalliative care. This study used focus groups, using open-ended questions, to elicit participants’ experiences providing neuropalliative care as well as to explore the challenges in neuropalliative care.Results:Qualitative analysis identified multiple sources of distress for trainees in neuropalliative care and broad themes emerged: 1) a lack of experience and knowledge, 2) the emotional toll of learning neuropalliative care, and 3) prognostic uncertainty in neuropalliative care.Conclusion:Our results suggest that palliative neurology curricula should focus not only on symptom management but also on strategies for improving communication about prognosis and managing clinical uncertainty. Improving trainee comfort and confidence in neuropalliative care throughout the illness trajectory may alleviate sources of distress during training and increase quality of care.
Sympathy for Oswald Mosley: Politics of Reading and Historical Resemblance in the Moral Imagination of an English Literary Society
Authors: Reed Adam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mid-twentieth-century English novelist, Henry Williamson, wrote nature stories but also romantic and historical fiction, including a fifteen-volume saga that contains a largely favorable characterization of Oswald Mosley, the leader of the British Union of Fascists. This essay considers the challenge of such a fascist character through the prism of the literary imagination of Williamson readers, and more specifically through my longstanding ethnographic work with an English literary society constituted in the author’s name. I am centrally concerned with how literary society members deal with the positive depiction of the Mosley-based character through the stages of the reading process that they identify and describe. Do the immersive values commonly attached to their solitary reading culture, for instance, assist or further problematize that engagement? What role does their subsequent, shared practice of character evaluation play? As well as considering the treatment of characters as objects of sympathy, I explore the vital sympathies that for literary society members tie characters together with historical persons. Across the essay I dialogue with anthropological literature on exemplars, historical commentaries on the fascist cult of leadership, and finally with the philosophical claims that Nussbaum makes for the moral and political consequences of fiction reading.
Mussolini between Hero Worship and Demystification: Exemplary Anecdotes,Petite Histoire, and the Problem of Humanization
Authors: Gundle Stephen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMussolini is considered in this article as a figure around whom narratives have been developed for a century or more. Several biographies were published shortly after he came to power and many others have appeared in the decades since his death in 1945. This article explores the place of anecdotes in the construction of a legendary Mussolini in the 1920s and in the demystification that marked the period after World War Two. It is shown that early biographies were marked not only by hero worship but also by a commercially driven need to humanize and to amuse. After the war, humanization persisted as former Fascists and associates of Mussolini spread stories and anecdotes that made the dictator appear not as an evil tyrant but as a flawed and fallible human being. The agenda here was to make support for Fascism and its leader forgivable. A comparison of the anecdotes shows that both adulatory and demystificatory ones reserved a place for minor stories orpetite histoire.The resulting image, which placed some emphasis on his sex life, proved influential. It presented a challenge to historians and found its way into the biographical films that were made for cinema and television between the 1970 and the 2000s. It is suggested that, via anecdotes, Mussolini occupied an ambiguous and continuous place in the moral universe of Italians, functioning variously as a political and a gender exemplar.
“Tomorrow belongs to us”: Pathways to Activism in Italian Far-Right Youth Communities
Authors: Pasieka Agnieszka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBased on long-term ethnographic research, this article contributes to the growing scholarship on far-right social movements by presenting an in-depth account of the Italian far-right scene. In presenting personal accounts of three activists and situating them within the milieus in which they are active, it sheds light on a variety of factors that push youth to engage in far-right militancy. Many researchers of far-right extremism have asserted the need to provide more in-depth knowledge on far-right militants, yet there remain important gaps that this article strives to address. First, it demonstrates the value of the ethnographic approach in the study of far right, which offers unique insights into the motivations for involvement and the relations between ideas, beliefs, and practices. Second, it shows the importance of situating present-day activism in a historical context, not only by looking for long-term patterns but also by paying attention to the ways studied actors engage with historical comparisons. Third, in engaging critically with some commonsensical approaches to far-right activists, the paper suggests that ethnographic studies of far-right activism can give us fresh perspectives on broader social phenomena beyond the far right per se.
Robert Sanderson (1587–1663)
Authors: Doe Norman 
Published: January 2022

Over the course of the reigns of the last two Tudors and first three Stuarts – just in excess of a century – the national established Church of England was disestablished twice and re-established twice. Following the return to Rome under Mary, Elizabeth's settlement re-established the English Church under the royal supremacy, set down church doctrine and liturgy, embarked on a reform of canon law and so consolidated an ecclesial polity which many today see as an Anglican via media between papal Rome and Calvinist Geneva. However, as a compromise, the settlement contained in itself seeds of discord: it outlawed Roman reconciliation and recusancy; it extended lay and clerical discipline by the use of ecclesiastical commissioners; and it drove Puritans to agitate for reform on Presbyterian lines. While James I continued Elizabeth's policy, disappointing both Puritans and Papists, Charles I married a Roman Catholic, sought to impose a prayer book on Calvinist Scotland, asserted divine-right monarchy, engaged in an 11-year personal rule without Parliament and favoured Arminian clergy. With these and other disputes between Crown and Parliament, civil war ensued, a directory of worship replaced the prayer book, episcopacy and monarchy were abolished and a Puritan-style republic was instituted. The republic failed, and in 1660 monarchy was restored, the Church of England was re-established and a limited form of religious toleration was introduced under the Clarendon Code. In all these upheavals, understandings of the nature, source and authority of human law, civil and ecclesiastical, were the subject of claim and counter-claim. Enter Robert Sanderson: a life begun under Elizabeth and ended under Charles II, a protagonist who felt the burdens and benefits of the age, Professor of Divinity at Oxford and later Bishop of Lincoln, and a clerical-jurist who thought deeply on the nature of human law and its place in a cosmic legal order – so much so, he may be compared with three of his great contemporaries: the lawyer Matthew Hale (1609–1676), the cleric Jeremy Taylor (1613–1667) and the philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588–1678).
An analysis of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of Northern England
Authors: Finlay Amy Heather , Lloyd Scott , Lake Amelia , Armstrong Thomas , Fishpool Mark , Green Mark , Moore Helen J , O’Malley Claire , Boyland Emma J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:To quantify the extent of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of the UK, to identify the healthfulness of advertised products, and any differences by level of deprivation. The study also sought to assess the creative strategies used and extent of appeal to young people.Design:Images of bus shelter advertisements were collected via in person photography (in 2019) and Google Street View (photos recorded in 2018). Food and beverage advertisements were grouped into one of seventeen food categories and classified as healthy/less healthy using the UK Nutrient Profile Model. The deprivation level of the advertisement location was identified using the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation.Setting:Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland in South Teesside.Participants:N/AResults:Eight hundred and thirty-two advertisements were identified, almost half (48·9 %) of which were for foods or beverages. Of food and non-alcoholic beverage adverts, 35·1 % were less healthy. Most food advertisements (98·9 %) used at least one of the persuasive creative strategies. Food advertisements were found to be of appeal to children under 18 years of age (71·9 %). No differences in healthiness of advertised foods were found by level of deprivation.Conclusions:Food advertising is extensive on bus shelters in parts of the UK, and a substantial proportion of this advertising is classified as less healthy and would not be permitted to be advertised around television programming for children. Bus shelter advertising should be considered part of the UK policy deliberations around restricting less healthy food marketing exposure.
Hinterland: The political history of a geographic category from the scramble for Africa to Afro-Asian solidarity
Authors: Unangst Matthew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article traces the history of one geographical concept, hinterland, through changing political contexts from the 1880s through the 1970s. Hinterland proved a valuable tool for states attempting to challenge the global territorial order in both the Scramble for Africa and the postwar world of nation-states. In the context of German territorial demands in East Africa, colonial propagandists used hinterland to knit together the first longue-durée histories of the Indian Ocean to cast Zanzibar as a failed colonial power and win control of the coast. In the 1940s, Indian nationalists revived hinterland as a concept for writing about the Indian Ocean, utilizing the concept to link areas far from the ocean to an informal Indian empire that could be rebuilt to its premodern glory through naval expansion. In both contexts, hinterland provided a geographical framework to challenge British dominance on the Indian Ocean. The shifting meaning and usage of the term indicates continuities in territoriality between the Scramble for Africa and postwar internationalism.
Construction of developmentally inspired periosteum-like tissue for bone regeneration
Authors: Dai Kai , Deng Shunshu , Yu Yuanman , Zhu Fuwei , Wang Jing , Liu Changsheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe periosteum, a highly vascularized thin tissue, has excellent osteogenic and bone regenerative abilities. The generation of periosteum-mimicking tissue has become a novel strategy for bone defect repair and regeneration, especially in critical-sized bone defects caused by trauma and bone tumor resection. Here, we utilized a bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-loaded scaffold to create periosteum-like tissue (PT) in vivo, mimicking the mesenchymal condensation during native long bone development. We found that BMP-2-induced endochondral ossification plays an indispensable role in the construction of PTs. Moreover, we confirmed that BMP-2-induced PTs exhibit a similar architecture to the periosteum and harbor abundant functional periosteum-like tissue-derived cells (PTDCs), blood vessels, and osteochondral progenitor cells. Interestingly, we found that the addition of chondroitin sulfate (CS), an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), could further increase the abundance and enhance the function of recruited PTDCs from the PTs and finally increase the regenerative capacity of the PTs in autologous transplantation assays, even in old mice. This novel biomimetic strategy for generating PT through in vivo endochondral ossification deserves further clinical translation.
Fluctuating methylation clocks for cell lineage tracing at high temporal resolution in human tissues
Authors: Gabbutt Calum , Schenck Ryan O. , Weisenberger Daniel J. , Kimberley Christopher , Berner Alison , Househam Jacob , Lakatos Eszter , Robertson-Tessi Mark , Martin Isabel , Patel Roshani , Clark Susan K. , Latchford Andrew , Barnes Chris P. , Leedham Simon J. , Anderson Alexander R. A. , Graham Trevor A. , Shibata Darryl 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMolecular clocks that record cell ancestry mutate too slowly to measure the short-timescale dynamics of cell renewal in adult tissues. Here, we show that fluctuating DNA methylation marks can be used as clocks in cells where ongoing methylation and demethylation cause repeated ‘flip–flops’ between methylated and unmethylated states. We identify endogenous fluctuating CpG (fCpG) sites using standard methylation arrays and develop a mathematical model to quantitatively measure human adult stem cell dynamics from these data. Small intestinal crypts were inferred to contain slightly more stem cells than the colon, with slower stem cell replacement in the small intestine. Germline APC mutation increased the number of replacements per crypt. In blood, we measured rapid expansion of acute leukemia and slower growth of chronic disease. Thus, the patterns of human somatic cell birth and death are measurable with fluctuating methylation clocks (FMCs).
Abundance of beryllium in the Sun and stars: The role of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects
Authors: Korotin S. , Kučinskas A. 
Published: January 2022

Context. Earlier studies have suggested that deviations from the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) play a minor role in the formation of Be II 313 nm resonance lines in solar and stellar atmospheres. Recent improvements in the atomic data allow a more complete model atom of Be to be constructed and the validity of these claims to be reassessed using more up-to-date atomic physics.
Aims. The main goal of this study therefore is to refocus on the role of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects in the formation of Be II 313.04 and 313.11 nm resonance lines in solar and stellar atmospheres.
Methods. For this, we constructed a model atom of Be using new atomic data that recently became available. The model atom contains 98 levels and 383 radiative transitions of Be I and Be II and uses the most up-to-date collision rates with electrons and hydrogen. This makes it the most complete model atom used to determine 1D NLTE solar Be abundance and to study the role of NLTE effects in the formation of Be II 313 nm resonance lines.
Results. We find that deviations from LTE have a significant influence on the strength of the Be II 313 nm line in solar and stellar atmospheres. For the Sun, we obtained the 1D NLTE Be abundance of A(Be)NLTE = 1.32 ± 0.05, which is in excellent agreement with the meteoritic value of A(Be) = 1.31 ± 0.04. Importantly, we find that NLTE effects become significant in FGK stars. Moreover, there is a pronounced variation in 1D NLTE–LTE abundance corrections with the effective temperature and metallicity. Therefore, contrary to our previous understanding, the obtained results indicate that NLTE effects play an important role in Be line formation in stellar atmospheres and have to be properly taken into account in Be abundance studies, especially in metal-poor stars.
Manie nach COVID-19-Infektion
Authors: Kozian Ralf , Chaaban Alexandra 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über die Erstmanifestation einer Manie bei einem 85-jährigen Patienten, der bis dahin zuvor in keiner psychiatrischen Behandlung war. Der Patient war seit 3 Jahren an einer Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ erkrankt. Die COVID-19-Infektion nahm bei ihm entsprechend der RKI-Leitlinien einen leichten Verlauf. Im Anschluss daran trat ein manisches Syndrom entsprechend der ICD-10 mit einer deutlich gehobenen Stimmung, einer Antriebssteigerung, einem kritikgeminderten Verhalten erstmalig im Leben des Patienten auf.