bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethics
Authors: Aradau Claudia , Blanke Tobias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe language of ethics has increasingly informed calls for the regulation of big data, algorithms, and artificial intelligence (AI). In this chapter, we analyse a series of initiatives by state, supra-state, tech, and civil society actors to deploy ethical principles and codes as ways of ‘conducting the conduct’ of developers, engineers, and companies. We argue that ethicizing algorithms has become a form of pre-empting dissensus. In contrast to this ethics of consensus, we analyse scenes of friction that turn algorithms and AI into ‘public things’. We approach ethics as socio-material practices that are entangled with—rather than separate from—politics. Scenes of friction can be both mundane events—such as the petition by the 4,000 Google employees against Google’s involvement in the development of AI for military purposes—or experiments in frictional subjectivation—such as ‘hacking’ events where motley collectives of coders and non-coders come together.
‘PAIN PAIN PAIN’
Authors: Simpson Hannah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines how the artists Samuel Beckett, Albert Camus, Eugène Ionesco, Pablo Picasso, and Marguerite Duras all turned to writing for the theatre stage during and following the Second World War, as a means of negotiating the protracted exposure to mass suffering that each witnessed as non-native, non-combatant residents in metropolitan France during the conflict. Offering a new conceptualising of le théâtre du témoin or a ‘theatre of the witness’, it explores how these artists’ wartime and postwar plays demonstrate a concern with a proximate yet distanced witnessing of pain, the experience of the outsider-observer facing a paradoxically close encounter with another being’s suffering. It outlines Beckett’s experience of wartime and postwar France, and analyses the early radio essay ‘The Capital of the Ruins’ (1946). It then explores relevant interdisciplinary approaches to physical pain as challenging both verbal and bodily communication—drawing on both clinical research and the work of theorists including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Elaine Scarry, and Sara Ahmed—with attention to the epistemologically unstable, perceptually disorienting mode in which pain is recurrently staged in these plays. It ends by discussing how the theatre medium lends itself (and does not lend itself, in sometimes generative ways) to confronting pain, and how we might conceptualise the role of the postwar theatre spectator as ‘witness’ to suffering in line with the deeply sceptical framing of interpersonal empathy across these plays.
The Indifferent Spectator
Authors: Simpson Hannah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter reads Beckett’s first completed postwar playscript Eleutheria (1947, published 1995) alongside Albert Camus’s plays Caligula (1944), Le Malentendu (The Misunderstanding, 1944), and L’État de siège (State of Siege, 1948). These plays present characters who respond with cold indifference to the pain of others, from passive spectatorship to active torture, proffering a bleak vision of an endemic lack of empathy in wartime and postwar France following extreme mass suffering. Beckett’s Eleutheria and Camus’s Le Malentendu, Caligula, and L’État de siège all stage physical suffering, but they also still more unnervingly stage the spectacle of human beings left unmoved by the encounter with the suffering of others. Implicating their own imagined audiences in moments of metatheatrical accusation, Beckett and Camus trace how an unfeeling detachment from another’s pain can enable a voyeuristic spectator’s complicity in scenes of witnessed suffering. Each script pays careful attention to the intercorporeal dynamics of its intended staging, manipulating the boundaries between stage and auditorium to extend its charge of complicity to its own projected audience members, gathered in the theatre to watch a play replete with intense suffering. Eleutheria in particular offers an early index of many of the dramaturgical issues which Beckett would explore throughout his career, particularly the deliberate discomfiting of an audience regarding their own spectatorial role in the face of another’s suffering.
Cruelty, Contagion, and Comedy
Authors: Simpson Hannah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a postwar France still struggling with the recent memory of the suffering occasioned by the conflict, Waiting for Godot (1954) rejects the idea of redemptive compassion for another’s suffering. Beckett’s play refuses any reassuring vision of a humanity united in redemptive shared feeling, emphasising intercorporeal cruelty, epistemological uncertainty, and the self-protective recoil of both characters and spectators from the distressing affect of another’s pain. This chapter begins with a reading of how Beckett ‘vaguened’ more explicit references to the Second World War and wartime suffering from manuscripts and translations of Waiting for Godot as part of his construction of the ‘literature of the witness’ rather than a ‘literature of the victim’. It then examines how the play frames pain’s unsettling contagious affect as catalysing distance and isolation as readily as it does affinity, analysing the recorded audience responses of a range of Anglophone and Francophone productions to counter some of the more determinedly optimistic critical interpretations of the play. It ends with a reading of the comic treatment of pain in Waiting for Godot, drawing on the theorising of Henri Bergson and Charles Baudelaire to explore how the laughter provoked by the spectacle of physical suffering on Beckett’s stage more typically acts as a further source of affective discomfort rather than carnivalesque relief.
Transcending Pain, Theatricalising Pain
Authors: Simpson Hannah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter reads Samuel Beckett’s Happy Days (1961) and Play (1964) alongside Eugène Ionesco’s Amédée, ou Comment s’en débarrasser (Amédée, or, How to Get Rid of It, 1954) and Le Piéton de l’air (A Stroll in the Air, 1963), which each frame physical pain as the inevitable consequence of human existence. Drawing on a shared vocabulary of weighty material embodiment and liberatory ascent, Beckett’s and Ionesco’s plays hold their characters’ urge to transcend the material bodies in tension with their seemingly inescapable corporeal state. Beckett and Ionesco each invoke but subvert Judeo-Christian models of transcendence—the promise of heavenly redemption as a reward for earthly suffering—to foreground the human body as a site of inescapable pain. They also draw an insistent connection between corporeal and theatrical materiality, calling attention to the stage mechanisms as sources of physical pain—and, in Beckett’s case, demanding the actor’s own actual embodied suffering in performance. This emphasis on the stage space itself as a site of pain underlines the spectator’s own uncomfortable role as complicit yet helpless witness to the suffering before them. As memories of the Second World War bled into France’s involvement in the Algerian War in the 1960s, these plays reflect a contemporaneous political and ethical discomfort: they are concerned not only with inescapable suffering but also with the witness’s inescapable confrontation with suffering, both within and beyond the theatre auditorium.
Monks and Minority Politics in Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Gohain Swargajyoti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe are increasingly seeing across Asia, the phenomenon of Buddhist monks joining politics and winning electoral mandate. In Tawang and West Kameng districts of Arunachal Pradesh, Buddhists, mostly from the dominant Monpa communities, form the majority religious group, although they are a minority in the state as a whole, where a substantial part of the population is converted Christians. Monk politicians in these areas articulate their politics in the framework of minorityhood. What are the specific insights one might gain by studying the increasing role of monks in politics in Arunachal Pradesh where Buddhists consider themselves to be in a minority? Is there a difference between minority Buddhist politics, so to speak, and majority Buddhist politics as seen in Myanmar and Sri Lanka, where monk politicians often justify their participation in formal political processes as necessary for saving their religious traditions. Furthermore, can a monk politician who is also a religious leader maintain an effective balance between their religious interests and their commitment to the ideals of secular democracy? I draw on my ethnographic work in Arunachal Pradesh to address these questions.
Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation
Authors: He Guang S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is the first book that comprehensively covers the following three major areas: (1) Quantum electrodynamic theory of stimulated scattering and multiphoton excitation processes; (2) Various stimulated scattering effects, including the early discovered stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), the later investigated stimulated Kerr scattering (SKS), and the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering (SRBS) and stimulated Mie scattering (SMS); (3) Multiphoton excitation-based nonlinear optical effects, photoelectric effects, atomic and molecular ionization effects, and molecular dissociation effects. Each chapter covers: (i) the concept and mechanism description, (ii) the necessary theoretical formulation, (iii) the experimental research achievements, and (iv) the scientific/technological applications. Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation is useful and suitable for academics, experts, and students working or interested in the areas of nonlinear optics, nonlinear photonics, laser spectroscopy, physical optics, physical chemistry, and optoelectronic engineering.
Conclusion
Authors: Gill Bates 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The concluding chapter looks ahead and argues that in spite of the many challenges facing Xi Jinping’s approach to world affairs, his overriding concern with regime security means that China under his leadership will double down on its current strategy. Beijing will exhibit even stronger expectations of respect for Party legitimacy, more forceful assertions of PRC sovereignty, more urgency in generating wealth and securing hard power, and even greater ambitions to realize Chinese leadership and ideas. As a result, an even more contested future lies ahead for China’s foreign relations. In response, governments and societies around the world should invest in deepening understanding of China’s strengths and weaknesses, establishing stronger countervailing coalitions where needed, building greater resilience against unwelcome aspects of China’s international behavior, preparing for an intensifying competition of ideas with China, and where possible, continuing to seek common ground with China where interests overlap.
The Violence-Nonviolence Dichotomy
Authors: Beck Colin J. , Bukovansky Mlada , Chenoweth Erica , Lawson George , Nepstad Sharon Erickson , Ritter Daniel P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChapter 3 argues that the violence-nonviolence dichotomy is problematic for two reasons. First, many revolutionary movements make strategic shifts over time. It is not uncommon for an unarmed movement to take up weapons against the state, just as it is not uncommon for armed guerrillas to lay down their weapons to embark on civil resistance campaigns. The same revolution may be violent in one stage and nonviolent in another. To illustrate how, why, and when such strategic shifts occur, two cases are discussed: the Northern Ireland Civil Rights movement, which eventually declined in favor of the armed revolt of the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and the West Papua Liberation movement, which turned from armed struggle to civil resistance. The second problem with the violence-nonviolence dichotomy is that movements rarely adhere strictly to one set of tactics or another. Violent revolutionaries often make use of nonviolent actions, such as boycotts or general strikes, using these tactics in tandem with armed struggle. And nonviolent civil resisters sometimes damage buildings or police vehicles, which some consider to be violent. Although a movement may predominantly rely on one strategy or another, there are messy areas that blur the violent-nonviolent boundaries. When researchers break free of this dichotomous way of thinking, they are able to explore when, where, and why these strategic shifts occur and what the impact is of including violent tactics in a nonviolent movement and vice versa.
The Domestic-International Dichotomy
Authors: Beck Colin J. , Bukovansky Mlada , Chenoweth Erica , Lawson George , Nepstad Sharon Erickson , Ritter Daniel P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter challenges the domestic-international dichotomy. Many established theories of revolutionary emergence focus on domestic factors such as economic downturns, elite conflict and defection from the state, and the mobilizing capacity of opposition forces. This dichotomy makes the international influence on all of these domestic factors opaque. Domestic economic conditions are heavily shaped by international markets. Elite decisions about whether to support or oppose the state are linked to alliances with other nations and international organizations. And oppositional organizing capacity is enhanced by support from transnational movements (such as the influx of resources from diaspora supporters) and the transmission of tactics and strategies from revolutionaries in one region of the world to another. In short, there are no fully domestic revolutions; revolutions are always influenced by international factors. Yet all too often, revolutionary scholarship has seen international factors as a backdrop to domestic factors, which are perceived as having the real explanatory power. Researchers have grafted international factors onto existing models in an “add and stir” approach, rather than examining how international dynamics permeate and shape domestic dynamics “all the way down.” The chapter proposes an alternative “inter-social” approach. It highlights how international dynamics help to constitute revolutionary situations, trajectories, and outcomes through an analysis of the 1977–79 Iranian revolution.
Conclusion
Authors: Beck Colin J. , Bukovansky Mlada , Chenoweth Erica , Lawson George , Nepstad Sharon Erickson , Ritter Daniel P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe book ends with a chapter that poses new questions and arguments that aim to move the field of revolution studies forward. It asks three main questions: What is the relationship between revolution and liberalism? What is the relationship between revolution and terrorism? What is the normative content of revolutions? The chapter discusses how these questions can open new lines of research on unruly politics and revolution in the contemporary world. Revolutions, as highlighted numerous times in this book, are a story without an end. This is why this closing chapter has highlighted questions rather than provided full stops, let alone exclamation marks. Revolutions are always unfinished.
Captives in Society
Authors: Gundur Rajeev V. , Kavish Daniel R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Though Gresham Sykes identified several aspects of prisoner life in his classic text The Society of Captives, he failed to consider the role of race. In this chapter, we offer a critique of this oversight by exploring race from the time Sykes was writing to the present day. We show that race has been and continues to be an organizing principle within American society, including prison society and the free world to which ex-prisoners return. The consequences of discrimination and inequitable treatment have manifested in an intergenerational cycle of captivity, whereby Black, Latino, and Native Americans have been disproportionately subjected to punishment in the U.S. Echoing Sykes’s own call for reform, we argue that, to move towards an America that has equal treatment under the law and within society, regardless of race, thus breaking this cycle, criminological research must investigate how various individual, social, structural, environmental, and other contextual factors intersect within social phenomena. More importantly, criminological research must encourage social action to improve outcomes.
E/B mode decomposition of HSC-Y1 cosmic shear using COSEBIs: Cosmological constraints and comparison with other two-point statistics
Authors: Hamana Takashi , Hikage Chiaki , Oguri Masamune , Shirasaki Masato , More Surhud 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We perform a cosmic shear analysis of Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program first-year data (HSC-Y1) using complete orthogonal sets of E/B-integrals (COSEBIs) to derive cosmological constraints. We compute E/B-mode COSEBIs from cosmic shear two-point correlation functions measured on an angular range of 4′ &lt; θ &lt; 180′. We perform a standard Bayesian likelihood analysis for cosmological inference from the measured E-mode COSEBIs, including contributions from intrinsic alignments of galaxies as well as systematic effects from point spread function model errors, shear calibration uncertainties, and source redshift distribution errors. We adopt a covariance matrix derived from realistic mock catalogs constructed from full-sky gravitational lensing simulations that fully take account of the survey geometry and measurement noise. For a flat Λ cold dark matter model, we find $S\,_8 \equiv \sigma _8\sqrt{\Omega _{\rm m}/0.3}=0.809_{-0.026}^{+0.036}$. We carefully check the robustness of the cosmological results against astrophysical modeling uncertainties and systematic uncertainties in measurements, and find that none of them has a significant impact on the cosmological constraints. We also find that the measured B-mode COSEBIs are consistent with zero. We examine, using mock HSC-Y1 data, the consistency of our S8 constraints with those derived from the other cosmic shear two-point statistics, the power spectrum analysis by Hikage et al. (2019, PASJ, 71, 43) and the two-point correlation function analysis by Hamana et al. (2020, PASJ, 72, 16), which adopt the same HSC-Y1 shape catalog, and find that all the S8 constraints are consistent with each other, although the expected correlations between derived S8 constraints are weak.
Oral Progenitor Cell Line-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Treatment for Preferential Wound Healing Outcome
Authors: Knight Rob , Board-Davies Emma , Brown Helen , Clayton Aled , Davis Terence , Karatas Ben , Burston James , Tabi Zsuzsanna , Falcon-Perez Juan M , Paisey Stephen , Stephens Phil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Scar formation during wound repair can be devastating for affected individuals. Our group previously documented the therapeutic potential of novel progenitor cell populations from the non-scarring buccal mucosa. These Oral Mucosa Lamina Propria-Progenitor Cells (OMLP-PCs) are multipotent, immunosuppressive, and antibacterial. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may play important roles in stem cell–mediated repair in varied settings; hence, we investigated sEVs from this source for wound repair. We created an hTERT immortalized OMLP-PC line (OMLP-PCL) and confirmed retention of morphology, lineage plasticity, surface markers, and functional properties. sEVs isolated from OMLP-PCL were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, Cryo-EM and flow cytometry. Compared to bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) sEVs, OMLP-PCL sEVs were more potent at driving wound healing functions, including cell proliferation and wound repopulation and downregulated myofibroblast formation. A reduced scarring potential was further demonstrated in a preclinical in vivo model. Manipulation of OMLP-PCL sEVs may provide novel options for non-scarring wound healing in clinical settings.
“Doing palliative care with my hands tied behind my back”: telepalliative care delivery for oncology inpatients during a COVID-19 surge
Authors: Rosa William E , Lynch Kathleen A , Hadler Rachel A , Mahoney Cassidy , Parker Patricia A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
New York City was a “global COVID-19 hotspot” in spring 2020. Many health teams rapidly transitioned to telehealth platforms. Little is known about the experiences of inpatient palliative care services who delivered telehealth services during the pandemic. This study was aimed to explore the experiences of an interdisciplinary palliative care team in meeting the holistic needs of oncology inpatients via telehealth over a 10-week period during the first COVID-19 surge. A targeted sample of interdisciplinary palliative specialists at an urban comprehensive cancer center participated in in-depth interviews that explored participants’ experiences delivering physical, psychosocial, and spiritual care via telehealth. An interdisciplinary coding team followed a rigorous thematic text analysis approach and met regularly to reach consensus on emerging themes. Eleven palliative specialists from six disciplines (chaplaincy, medicine, nursing, pharmacy, physician assistant, and social work) participated. Seventy-three percent reported not receiving telehealth training prior to COVID-19 and 64% were “not at all” or “somewhat comfortable” delivering telepalliative care. Several themes were identified, including the barriers related to telehealth, the impact of telehealth on the quality of relationships with patients, their families, and coworkers, and the changes in perceived self-efficacy of fulfilling job responsibilities. Telehealth use has increased significantly during COVID-19, requiring further evaluation of its utility. Participants reported both positive and negative inpatient telepalliative care experiences associated with various domains of professional functioning, such as communication, relationships with key stakeholders, and self-efficacy. Enhanced telehealth training and support must be improved to sustain the palliative workforce and promote high-quality patient and family care in the future.
Mettl3‐mediated m6A modification of Lrp2 facilitates neurogenesis through Ythdc2 and elicits antidepressant‐like effects
Authors: Xu Biao , Li Qingfeng , Wu Yuanfei , Wang Huan , Xu Jiamin , Liu Hui , Xuan Aiguo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant mRNA modification affecting diverse biological processes. However, the functions and precise mechanisms of m6A signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neurogenesis‐related depression remain largely enigmatic. We found that depletion of Mettl3 or Mettl14 in neural stem cells (NSCs) dramatically reduced m6A abundance, proliferation, and neuronal genesis, coupled with enhanced glial differentiation. Conversely, overexpressing Mettl3 promoted proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Mechanistically, the m6A modification of Lrp2 mRNA by Mettl3 enhanced its stability and translation efficiency relying on the reader protein Ythdc2, which in turn promoted neurogenesis. Importantly, mice lacking Mettl3 manifested reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, which could contribute to spatial memory decline, and depression‐like behaviors. We found that these defective behaviors were notably reversed by Lrp2 overexpression. Moreover, Mettl3 overexpression in the hippocampus of depressive mice rescues behavioral defects. Our findings uncover the biological role of m6A modification in Lrp2‐mediated neurogenesis via m6A‐binding protein Ythdc2, and propose a rationale that targeting Mettl3‐Ythdc2‐Lrp2 axis regulation of neurogenesis might serve as a promising antidepressant strategy.