bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Open-Label, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Cilacar Tablet Compared with Atelec Tablet in Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Condition
Authors: Salunke Shashank , Naik Aafreen , Chaudhari Sandip , Mahajan Raviraj , Birla Ashish 
Published: March 2022

Cilnidipine is a novel L/N type calcium channel blocker, approved in several countries world-wide for the treatment of hypertension and is also well-established for its varied pleiotropic benefits. Cilnidipine was first approved in India in 2007, for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and since then has been a widely trusted and prescribed molecule. We conducted an open label, analyst blind, randomized, two-treatment, two-period, two sequence, single dose, crossover study to assess and compare the bioequivalence of test product Cilacar 10 mg and 20 mg tablet with reference product Atelec® 10 mg and 20 mg tablet, respectively in healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected pre-dose and at regular intervals post-dose up to 24 hours. Plasma drug levels were determined with a validated chromatographic method. Pharmacokinetic parameter (Cmax), (AUC0–t), (AUC0–∞), (Tmax), (T½) and (Kel) was calculated. The 90% confidence intervals on the mean of difference between Cilacar 10 mg and Atelec® 10 mg were 82.61% to 121.80%, 88.35% to 109.72%, and 87.54% to 110.52% and The 90% confidence intervals on the mean of difference between Cilacar 20 mg and Atelec® 20 mg were 89.65% to 116.08%, 88.09% to 111.30%, and 88.35% to 110.79% for Cmax, AUC (0-t) and AUC (0–∞) respectively. All the volunteers completed the study. It can be concluded from the results, the test product Cilacar 10 mg and 20 mg and the reference product Atelec® 10 mg and 20 mg tablet met the required bioequivalence criteria. Both products were safe and well tolerated.
Keywords Bioequivalence, Cilnidipine, Calcium channel blocker, Hypertension, and Blood pressure
Assessment of in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali
Authors: Arundhati , , Ramesh C , Alam Aftab , Murtuja Golam , Hedayetullah Md. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali for anticancer against breast cancer cells and also to determine its antioxidant properties.
Methods: The ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali was prepared using sox-let apparatus. The ethanol extract was evaluated for its in-vitro anticancer potentials against human MCF-7 cancer cell lines by MTT assay and concentration of the ethanol extract required to inhibit 50% of cell growth (IC50) was recorded. To determine antioxidant properties of the extract, Superoxide scavenging, Lipid peroxidation and DPPH methods were used and IC50 values of extract was noted.
Results: In the present study, ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali has shown anticancer property by exhibiting significant IC50 values against MCF 7 cells. The extract has also shown significant IC50 values in Superoxide scavenging, Lipid peroxidation and DPPH methods and antioxidant activity was comparable to standard drug ascorbic acid.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the present research work suggested that the ethanol extract of Nymphaea nauchali possess significant in vitro cytotoxic potentials against breast cancer cells. The results also suggested that the ethanol extract have in vitro antioxidant properties.
Keywords: Anticancer activity, Nymphaea nauchali, IC50 value, MTT assay and antioxidant activity.
Formulation of Hair Tonic from Ethanol Extract of Sea Hibiscus (Hibiscus tileaceus L.) Leaves in Promoting Hair Growth on Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Leny Leny , Fitri Khairani , Lase Yudita Kharani , Hafiz Ihsanul , Iskandar Benni 
Published: March 2022

Hair loss is an unavoidable process, as the age increase, the rate of hair growth also slows down. Hair loss is caused by many factors and occur in different areas of body. Since hair become one of the major aspect for women beauty, hair loss will become a serious problem if it is not solved. Many plants or their extracts have been used to reduce hair loss. The leaves of sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.) have been known empirically to promote hair growth and prevent hair loss. The leaves contain saponin, flavonoid, and also polyphenol compounds. The purpose of this study was to formulate sea hibiscus leaf extract into hair tonic preparations and evaluate the activity in triggering hair growth. In this research, tested animals were divided into 5 groups: F0 (blank) as a negative control, F1 (20%), FII (25%), FIII (30%) extract of sea hibiscus leaves and minoxidil as positive control. All preparations made were kept in room temperature for 12 weeks and the pH value test was carried out in first, fourth, eighth and twelfth week. The hair growth activity was done by applying hair tonic to the guinea pig and hair was randomly plucked from test area measuring hair length using calliper on the 7th, 14th, 21st days. On the 21st day, hair tonic of 30% sea hibiscus leaf extract showed a great activity on the growth of hair length with an average of 17.2633 mm and weighed an average of 0.145g, with a significant difference compared to another formula (p < 0.05).
Keywords: Hair tonic, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Sea Hibiscus Leaves
Mesalazine based topical hydrogel formulation enhances anti-oxidant and cytokine activity in wounded STZ-induced mice
Authors: Gaur Shreshtha , Singhal Sonu , Gaur Sonal , Mishra Rakesh , Pandey Ishan , Bajpai Surabhi 
Published: March 2022

Background: The present study is targeted to elucidate the wound healing potential of mesalazine in STZ induced diabetic mice by comparing various antioxidant, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and other wound healing parameters at 3,7 and 14th day.
Methods: Full thickness excisional wounds of 6mm size were created on the dorsal side of STZ induced mice and topical treatment of mesalazine based different hydrogels was applied for 14 days. Wound tissues were excised on day 3, 7 and 14 for various wound healing parameters.
Results: Delayed in wound healing was observed in diabetic group which eventually got accelerated after application of ethosome based mesalazine loaded hydrogel designated as D5 in study. Significant wound contraction rate was observed in D5 group and tissue hydroxyproline and tensile strength was also elevated after treatment with mesalazine loaded ethosomal hydrogel. The level of ROS was found to be significantly decreased in SOD, CAT and GSH experiment. LPO level were found to be elevated in D5 group. Finding of levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine suggested significant decrease and showed significant elevation in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Conclusion: D5 group of ethosome based mesalazine loaded hydrogel showed promising results in controlling all the factors to their normal range and was effective in accelerating wound 51healing in diabetic mice.
Keywords: Diabetic wounds; hydrogels; antioxidants; cytokines; VEGF; Mesalazine
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx in Poland in 2020/2021: a descriptive epidemiological study of a large-scale epidemic
Authors: Śmietanka Krzysztof , Świętoń Edyta , Wyrostek Krzysztof , Kozak Edyta , Tarasiuk Karolina , Styś-Fijoł Natalia , Dziadek Kamila , Niemczuk Krzysztof 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks caused by the Gs/Gd lineage of H5Nx viruses occur in Poland with increased frequency. The article provides an update on the HPAI situation in the 2020/2021 season and studies the possible factors that caused the exceptionally fast spread of the virus.

Material and Methods
Samples from poultry and wild birds delivered for HPAI diagnosis were tested by real-time RT-PCR and a representative number of detected viruses were submitted for partial or full-genome characterisation. Information yielded by veterinary inspection was used for descriptive analysis of the epidemiological situation.

Results
The scale of the epidemic in the 2020/2021 season was unprecedented in terms of duration (November 2020–August 2021), number of outbreaks in poultry (n = 357), wild bird events (n = 92) and total number of affected domestic birds (approximately ~14 million). The major drivers of the virus spread were the harsh winter conditions in February 2020 followed by the introduction of the virus to high-density poultry areas in March 2021. All tested viruses belonged to H5 clade 2.3.4.4b with significant intra-clade diversity and in some cases clearly distinguished clusters.

Conclusion
The HPAI epidemic in 2020/2021 in Poland struck with unprecedented force. The conventional control measures may have limited effectiveness to break the transmission chain in areas with high concentrations of poultry.
Existence of solutions for 4p-order PDES
Authors: Moradi F. , Moradi N. , Addam M. , Habib S. El 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the following nonlinear eigenvalue problem:

{

Δ

2
p

u
=
λ
m

(
x
)

u

i
n

Ω
,

u
=
Δ
u
=
…

Δ

2
p
−
1

u
=
0

o
n

∂
Ω
.

\left\{ {\matrix{ {{\Delta ^{2p}}u = \lambda m\left( x \right)u\,\,\,in\,\,\Omega ,} \cr {u = \Delta u = \ldots {\Delta ^{2p - 1}}u = 0\,\,\,\,on\,\,\partial \Omega .} \cr } } \right.

Where Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ
N
with smooth boundary ∂ Ω, N ≥ 1, p ∈ ℕ*, m ∈ L∞
(Ω), µ{x ∈ Ω: m(x) > 0} ≠ 0, and Δ2

pu := Δ (Δ...(Δu)), 2p times the operator Δ.
Using the Szulkin’s theorem, we establish the existence of at least one non decreasing sequence of nonnegative eigenvalues.
Desenvolvimento do letramento matemático em uma sequência didática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Moreno Lúcia , Ciríaco Klinger 
Published: March 2022

Objetivou-se, a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, implementar e avaliar uma sequência didática com gêneros textuais em aulas de Matemática no sentido de perceber como tal proposta contribui para o letramento matemático em uma turma de 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A intervenção transcorreu em parceria com a professora regente da classe e a produção de dados tomou como base registros de natureza pictórica, escrita e fotográfica. Relacionar o ensino dos conteúdos matemáticos com a língua materna tem se constituído uma vertente de pesquisa e de prática relevante na medida em que as crianças se apropriam do sistema de escrita alfabética e de procedimentos de cálculos cuja representação matemática exprime marcas textuais discursivas.
Hubungan Kadar Pencemaran SO2 Dan NO2 Dengan Incidence Rate ISPA Pada Balita Di Kota Cilegon Tahun 2018-2020
Authors: Azhari Murthya , Nurjazuli Nurjazuli , Hanani Darundiati Yusniar 
Published: March 2022

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is one of the diseases that ranks first in the City of Cilegon from 2014-2020. A total of 58.3% of toddlers were in the high-risk group of ARI. Industrial waste and resident activity in the city of Cilegon cause sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels to exceed the threshold. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between SO2 and NO2 pollution levels with the incidence rate of ARI in toddlers in the city of Cilegon. The type of research used is descriptive-analytical research with a time trend study design. The population is all residents of toddler age in the City of Cilegon area in 2018-2020. The sample of this study is all toddlers affected by ARI in the city of Cilegon from January 2018-December 2020. Bivariate analysis uses the Spearman Rank correlation. Bivariate analysis showed that there was no significant association between SO2 (p value = 0.385) and NO2 (p value = 0.102) pollution levels and incidence rates of ARI in toddlers in 2020 in the city of Cilegon. The incidence rate of ARI in toddlers in the city of Cilegon in 2018-2020 has a downward trend. Cases of ARI in toddlers were more common in men at 5,327 cases (51%). So2 and NO2 pollution levels in 2018-2020 have a downward trend. There is no association between SO2 and NO2 with the incidence rate of ARI in toddlers.
Eksistensi Sufiks “able” dalam Kategori Kata Bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Morfologi
Authors: Al-Mubarrok Muhammad Ramdlan , Sofyan Agus Nero 
Published: March 2022

Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang terus berkembang seiring dengan terjadinya proses globalisasi di dunia. Hal tersebut membuat kosakata baru bermunculan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, tanpa terkecuali penggunaan bahasa Inggris dalam ragam lisan dan tulisan bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini berjudul Eksistensi Sufiks “able” dalam kategori kata bahasa Indonesia: Kajian Morfologi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teknik dasar simak yaitu sadap artinya secara praktis peneliti dalam rangka mendapatkan data, ia harus menggunakan kecerdikannya untuk menyadap pembicaraan informan, serta teknik sadap lanjutan simak bebas libat cakap. Adapun penyajian data dilakukan dengan metode deskripstif. Dalam penelitian ini, sumber data diperoleh dari hastag atau tagar penggunaan dalam media sosial instagram yang diklasifikasikan sesuai kebutuhan dan kegunaan data penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya pergeseran kategori kata bahasa Indonesia setelah diberi imbuhan sufiks –able di antaranya ialah: (a) dari kategori verba menjadi kategori adjektiva, (b) dari kategori verba menjadi kategori nomina, (c) dari kategori nomina menjadi adjektiva, dan (d) dari kategori adverbia menjadi kategori adjektiva.
Primary epidural sporadic Burkitt lymphoma in a 3-year-old: Case report and literature review
Authors: Soyland Dallas J. , Thanel Paul F. , Sievers Meaghan E. , Wagner Kayelyn , Vuong Shawn M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a common tumor of childhood that usually arises in the abdomen or pelvis in its sporadic form. In a minority of cases, BL can present with CNS involvement, usually as a secondary site. Rarely, BL can arise primarily in the epidural space and present with back pain, or less commonly, acute myelopathy. This presentation is a surgical emergency and requires vigilant management.

Case Description:
We describe a case of pediatric BL arising primarily within the epidural space and presenting with progressive difficulty walking in a 3-year-old boy. Progression to complete inability to walk, absent lower extremity deep tendon reflexes, and new urinary incontinence prompted MRI of the spine, which showed a lesion extending from T5 to T10 and wrapping around the anterior and posterior portions of the spine with evidence of spinal cord compression. The patient underwent decompressive laminectomies from T5 to T10 and partial debulking of the posterior portions of the tumor. Microscopic examination showed a prominent “starry sky” pattern with abundant mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of BL. The patient is 10 months post-op and continues to undergo chemotherapy with partial neurologic improvement. He was free of recurrence 10 months post-operative.

Conclusion:
This appears to be the youngest described patient presenting with acute myelopathy in primary paraspinal BL. Management should include surgical decompression of the spinal cord followed by one of the various described chemotherapeutic regimens. Preoperative staging and neurologic function correlate with prognosis.
Metastatic brain lesion as the initial presentation of follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Alanazi Abdulaziz , Alkhaibary Ali , Khairy Sami , Sufiani Fahd Al , Alassiri Ali H. , Aloraidi Ahmed , Alkhani Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Metastatic brain lesions, of thyroid origin, are rare manifestations of differentiated thyroid cancer, with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most common subtype. Considering the rarity of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma to the brain, the present article outlines its clinical presentation, neuroradiological findings, pathological features, and outcome.

Case Description:
A 52-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of progressive and holocephalic headache. Examination revealed a tracheal deviation to the left side due to an enlarged goiter. Brain CT scan showed a right occipital, slightly hyperdense lesion associated with a 0.4 cm midline shift to the left side. Brain MRI demonstrated a right occipital, avidly-enhancing, extra-axial lesion with disproportionate and extensive vasogenic edema. As the lesion was solitary, the patient underwent craniotomy and tumor resection. Histopathological examination revealed a tumor consistent of small follicles, composed of uniform round nuclei without papillary thyroid carcinoma nuclear features, suggestive of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma to the brain. Postoperatively, the patient was neurologically intact. She was discharged in a stable condition with laboratory/ radiological investigations and follow-up at neurosurgery, endocrine, radiotherapy, and thyroid surgery clinics.

Conclusion:
Follicular thyroid carcinoma may rarely metastasize to the central nervous system. A high index of suspicion is required to identify patients with thyroid cancer who initially present with neurological manifestations. Complete surgical resection of the metastatic brain lesion is safe, feasible and is associated with a prolonged overall survival.
Review/Perspective On the Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Spinal Arachnoid Cysts
Authors: Epstein Nancy E. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Spinal arachnoid cysts (SAC) are typically congenital, spontaneous, traumatic (i.e., including iatrogenic/surgical), or inflammatory in origin. In descending order, they occur in the thoracic, lumbar, and cervical spine, and originate from focal entrapment of the arachnoid membrane. Arachnoid cysts represent 1–2% of all cystic spinal masses/tumors. The majority are extradural arachnoid cysts (EDAC) while 10% of all arachnoid cysts are intradural (IDAC) including subarachnoid, or extra-arachnoidal/subdural. Only rarely are they intramedullary in location. The clinical symptoms/signs of IDAC/EDAC include; intracranial hypotension (i.e., due to continued cerebrospinal fluid drainage), radiculopathy, and/or myelopathy.

Methods:
Magnetic Resonance Images (MR) and Myelo-Computed Tomography (Myelo-CT) studies classically document the predominant dorsal location of IDAC/EDAC. They also show their extent and severity contributing to root, cord, and/or cauda equina compression. In the cervical/thoracic spine, MR/Myelo-CT studies classically show the “double cord” or “windsock” signs, while the “fake arachnoiditis sign” may be seen in the lumbar spine. The latter sign signals the presence of a circumferential extra-arachnoidal-subdural cyst that centrally “traps” the cauda equina. Note, that this resembles and is often misinterpreted as adhesive archnoiditis.

Results:
Patients with significant SAC-related neurological deficits typically warrant early surgery. That surgery includes; partial/total resection/fenestration of cyst walls, and occlusion of communicating fistulas with or without accompanying shunts.

Conclusion:
It is critical to recognize the clinical (i.e., intracranial hypotension, radiculopathy, and/or myelopathy) and radiographic MR/Myelo-CT signs (i.e., “double cord,” “windsock signs”, or “fake arachnoiditis sign”) of IDAC, EDAC, or intramedullary spinal arachnoid cysts to appropriately offer treatment. For those with significant neurological deficits, early surgery (i.e. optimally 0-< 24 hours after the onset of symptoms/signs consisting of laminectomies, partial/total cyst resection/fenestration, and ligation/occlusion of the subarachnoid-cyst fistula with or without shunt placement), is essential to avoid significant permanent neurological sequelae.
Atypical radiographic case of arachnoid web without scalpel sign
Authors: Nagashima Yoshitaka , Nishimura Yusuke , Ito Hiroshi , Oyama Takahiro , Nishii Tomoya , Gonda Tomomi , Kato Hiroyuki , Saito Ryuta 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Spinal arachnoid webs (SAW) occur when abnormally thickened bands of arachnoid membranes commonly located dorsal to the thoracic spine cause blockage of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, resulting in focal cord compression and myelopathy. The pathognomonic MR finding for SAW is the “positive scalpel sign” comprised of an enlarged dorsal CSF space with a normal ventral subarachnoid space. The main differential diagnostic consideration for SAW is idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH); however, for ISCH, MR studies classically demonstrate ventral displacement of the spinal cord through an anterior dural defect. Here, we describe a 60-year-old female with an atypical SAW at the T3-T4 level (i.e., the preoperative MR failed to demonstrate the “positive scalpel sign”). Nevertheless, at surgery, intraoperative ultrasonography confirmed that SAW was present and was decompressed/marsupialized/removed.

Case Description:
A 60-year-old female presented with sensory impairment to both lower extremities. The thoracic MR images showed an enlarged dorsal CSF space at the T3-T4 level but without the “scalpel sign” suggesting “interruption” of CSF flow by thickened bands of focal dorsal arachnoidal tissues. Although the initial preoperative diagnosis was ISCH, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) confirmed the presence of a thickened arachnoid band, confirming the diagnosis of a SAW that was appropriately decompressed/resected.

Conclusion:
Correctly, establishing the preoperative diagnosis of a SAW based on MR imaging may sometimes be difficult as the typical “scalpel sign” may not be present in all patients. Notably, in cases like this one, IOUS may critically confirm the diagnosis of SAW thus leading to appropriate SAW decompression/removal.
Intracranial varix of the transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking a ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Onuma Kuniyuki , Yanaka Kiyoyuki , Tsukada Atsushi , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Matsumaru Yuji , Ishikawa Eiichi 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by various vascular abnormalities, such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3DCTA) are used as efficient initial diagnostic modalities in assessing the etiology of hemorrhagic stroke. We describe the unusual case of a false-positive aneurysm on MRA and 3DCTA.

Case Description:
A 65-year-old nonhypertensive woman was brought to our hospital with a sudden onset of headache and left hemiparesis. She also had chemosis in the right eye. CT and magnetic resonance imaging showed an intracerebral hemorrhage in the right temporal lobe. MRA and 3DCTA showed a rounded mass suggestive of an aneurysm arising from the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and also demonstrated an abnormal tortuous vessel contacting with a rounded mass. Digital subtraction angiography showed a transversesigmoid sinus DAVF with a varix in contact with the MCA bifurcation. Hematoma evacuation and venous drainage disconnection through the right frontotemporal craniotomy were performed.

Conclusion:
This case is very instructive and clinicians should keep in mind that detailed neurological and radiological examinations are essential in obtaining an accurate diagnosis, especially if the bleeding source is similar in shape and location to common lesions (such as a cerebral aneurysm).