bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for chronic residual peripheral neuropathy in microscopic polyangiitis: A multicentre randomised double-blind trial
Authors: Arimura Yoshihiro , Sobue Gen , Hattori Naoki , Takashima Hiroshi , Harigai Masayoshi , Nagata Koichi , Makino Hirofumi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
We conducted a Phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in patients with glucocorticoid-refractory neuropathy associated with microscopic polyangiitis.

Methods
Patients received immunoglobulin or placebo intravenously for 5 consecutive days at baseline and after 4 weeks. The IVIg and placebo groups received IVIg and placebo, respectively, after 8 weeks. The primary and major secondary end-points were the least squares mean of the change in the manual muscle test (MMT) sum score after 8 and 4 weeks, respectively.

Results
A total of 37 patients were randomised into two groups (IVIg [19] and placebo [18]). The least squares mean for the change in the MMT sum score was 9.02 for IVIg and 6.71 for placebo (difference 2.32, 95% confidence interval −2.60 to 7.23, p = .345) after 8 weeks and 6.81 and 2.83 (difference 3.99, 95% confidence interval −1.22 to 9.19, p = .129), respectively, after 4 weeks. There were no new safety concerns for IVIg.

Conclusions
MMT sum scores improved with IVIg compared with placebo after 8 weeks of dosing and two courses of treatment, but the differences were not statistically significant, and the results showed no clear efficacy of IVIg in this patient population. No new safety concerns were raised.
Which Way?Indigenous-led Smoking Cessation Care: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Workers and Practitioners – A National Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Kennedy Michelle , Longbottom Hayley , Mersha Amanual , Maddox Raglan , Briscoe Karl , Hussein Paul , Bacon Shanell , Bar-Zeev Yael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionTobacco is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Accordingly, the provisions of culturally safe and effective smoking cessation strategies are crucial. While previous research has suggested Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners are well placed to provide smoking cessation care, no research to date has explored the workforce knowledge, attitudes and practices in offering best practice cessation care.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners from June to September 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to examine participant characteristics, provision of smoking cessation care, and explore the factors associated with smoking cessation care.ResultsOut of 1052 registered Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners, 256 participants completed the full survey (24.3%). Smoking cessation counseling was always provided by 41.9%; provided some of the time by 42.4%, and never provided by 12.9%. Combination NRT and Quitline referral were always offered by 23.1% and 44.9% of participants, respectively. Those that received training, felt smoking cessation care was part of their role, and were based in Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization were significantly more likely to offer best practice smoking cessation care.ConclusionAboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations play a critical role in delivering high quality, evidence based and culturally safe care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners are well placed to offer smoking cessation care. Ongoing funding and implementation of a targeted smoking cessation workforce with appropriate training and resources are urgently required.ImplicationsAboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners are well placed to offer culturally safe, best practice smoking cessation care. However, due to the magnitude and complexity of Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners roles, it is challenging for smoking cessation care to be consistently and feasibly integrated into usual care. Acknowledging Australia’s National Preventative Health Strategy target of 27% or less Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people smoking by 2030, urgent investment and resourcing must be directed to building a skilled workforce to support quitting and maintaining smokefree behaviors, ensuring equitable access to smoking cessation care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Antipsychotic Use and Risk of Low-Energy Fractures in People With Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study in Finland
Authors: Solmi Marco , Lähteenvuo Markku , Correll Christoph U , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Taipale Heidi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Low-energy fractures (LEF) are more frequent in people with schizophrenia than the general population, and the role of prolactin-increasing antipsychotics is unknown.

Study design
We conducted a nested case-control study using Finnish nationwide registers (inpatient, specialized outpatient care, prescription drug purchases). We matched each person with schizophrenia aged 16–85 years and incident LEF (cases) with 5 age/sex/illness duration-matched controls with schizophrenia, but no LEF. We investigated the association between cumulative exposure (duration, and Defined Daily Doses, DDDs) to prolactin-increasing/sparing antipsychotics and LEF. Adjusted conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. Sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Study results
Out of 61 889 persons with schizophrenia between 1972 and 2014, we included 4960 cases. Compared with 24 451 controls, 4 years or more of exposure to prolactin-increasing antipsychotics was associated with increased risk of LEF (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) from aOR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.09–1.37 to aOR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.22–1.57, for 4–&lt;7/&gt;13 years of exposure, respectively), without a significant association for prolactin-sparing antipsychotics. All cumulative doses higher than 1000 DDDs of prolactin-increasing antipsychotics were associated with LEF (from aOR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.11–1.33, 1000–&lt;3000 DDDs, to aOR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.44–1.88, &gt;9000 DDDs). Only higher doses of prolactin-sparing antipsychotics reached statistical significance (aOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.01–1.52, 6000–&lt;9000 DDDs, aOR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.13–1.85, &gt;9000 DDDs). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the main analyses for prolactin-increasing antipsychotics. For prolactin-sparing antipsychotics, significant associations were limited to extreme exposure, major LEF, older age group, and males.

Conclusions
Long-term exposure to prolactin-increasing antipsychotics at any dose, and high cumulative doses of prolactin-sparing antipsychotics is associated with significantly increased odds of LEF. Monitoring and addressing hyperprolactinemia is paramount in people with schizophrenia receiving prolactin-increasing antipsychotics.
A longitudinal investigation of sleep hygiene as a mediator linking parental warmth with adolescent sleep
Authors: Richardson Cele E , Magson Natasha R , Oar Ella L , Fardouly Jasmine , Johnco Carly J , Freeman Justin Y A , Rapee Ronald M 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesParental warmth in adolescence protects sleep in early adulthood, yet the nature, directions, and mechanisms of this association across adolescence are unknown. This study examined parental warmth, adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep outcomes (morning/eveningness, school night sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness) across five annual waves, spanning four years, using a cross-lagged panel design.MethodsAdolescents and one primary caregiver (96% mothers) completed questionnaires assessing parental warmth (child- and parent-report) and adolescent sleep hygiene and sleep (child-report), across five annual waves: Wave 1 (N = 531, Mage = 11.18, SD = 0.56, 51% male), Wave 2 (N = 504, Mage = 12.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 3 (N = 478, Mage = 13.19, SD = 0.53, 52% male), Wave 4 (N = 440, Mage = 14.76, SD = 0.47, 51% male), and Wave 5 (N = 422, Mage = 15.75, SD = 0.49, 51% male).ResultsGreater child-reported parental warmth was indirectly associated with better adolescent sleep (greater morningness, longer school night sleep duration, less sleepiness) through healthier sleep hygiene. The inverse was also often observed. Warmth had a direct relationship with sleep duration and sleepiness, independent of sleep hygiene. Parent-reported parental warmth did not predict, nor was predicted by child-reported adolescent sleep.ConclusionsParental warmth may protect against developmental changes in adolescent sleep, partially by improving sleep hygiene practices. Similarly, inadequate adolescent sleep may negatively impact parental warmth via deteriorating sleep hygiene. Sleep hygiene emerged as a key mechanism for protecting adolescent sleep and parent-child relationships.
Structural plasticity of motor cortices assessed by voxel-based morphometry and immunohistochemical analysis following internal capsular infarcts in macaque monkeys
Authors: Matsuda Kohei , Nagasaka Kazuaki , Kato Junpei , Takashima Ichiro , Higo Noriyuki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Compensatory plastic changes in the remaining intact brain regions are supposedly involved in functional recovery following stroke. Previously, a compensatory increase in cortical activation occurred in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv), which contributed to the recovery of dexterous hand movement in a macaque model of unilateral internal capsular infarcts. Herein, we investigated the structural plastic changes underlying functional changes together with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data and immunohistochemical analysis using SMI-32 antibody in a macaque model. Unilateral internal capsular infarcts were pharmacologically induced in 5 macaques, and another 5 macaques were used as intact controls for immunohistochemical analysis. Three months post infarcts, we observed significant increases in the gray matter volume (GMV) and the dendritic arborization of layer V pyramidal neurons in the contralesional rostral PMv (F5) as well as the primary motor cortex (M1). The histological analysis revealed shrinkage of neuronal soma and dendrites in the ipsilesional M1 and several premotor cortices, despite not always detecting GMV reduction by VBM analysis. In conclusion, compensatory structural changes occur in the contralesional F5 and M1 during motor recovery following internal capsular infarcts, and the dendritic growth of pyramidal neurons is partially correlated with GMV increase.
Value of dynamic metabolic curves and artificial neural network prediction models based on 18F-FDG PET/CT multiphase imaging in differentiating nonspecific solitary pulmonary lesions: a pilot study
Authors: Luo Yongjun , Li Jicheng , Huang Lele , Han Yuping , Tian Xiaoxue , Ma Wanjun , Wang Lu , Liu Jiangyan , Zhou Junlin 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To investigate the value of dynamic metabolic curves and artificial neural network prediction models based on 18F-FDG PET multiphase imaging in differentiating nonspecific solitary pulmonary lesions.

Methods
This study enrolled 71 patients with solitary pulmonary lesions (48 malignant and 23 benign lesions) who underwent multiphase 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG)-PET/CT imaging. We recorded information on age, sex and uniformity of FDG uptake, measured standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis at various time points, and calculated individual standardized uptake values, retention index (RI) and slope of metabolic curve. Variables with high diagnostic efficiency were selected to fit dynamic metabolic curves for various lesions and establish different artificial neural network prediction models.

Results
There were no significant differences in the retention index, metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis or sex between benign and malignant lesions; standardized uptake values, the slopes of five metabolic curves, uniformity of FDG uptake, and age showed significant differences. Dynamic metabolic curves for various solitary pulmonary lesions exhibited characteristic findings. Model-1 was established using metabolic parameters with high diagnostic efficacy (area under the curve, 83.3%). Model-2 was constructed as Model-1 + age (area under the curve, 86.7%), whereas Model-3 was established by optimizing Model-2 (area under the curve, 86.0%).

Conclusions
Dynamic metabolic curves showed varying characteristics for different lesions. Referring to these findings in clinical work may facilitate the differential diagnosis of nonspecific solitary pulmonary lesions. Establishing an artificial neural network prediction model would further improve diagnostic efficiency.
Examining real-world Alzheimer’s disease heterogeneity using neuroanatomical normative modelling
Authors: Loreto Flavia , Verdi Serena , Kia Seyed Mostafa , Duvnjak Aleksandar , Hakeem Haneen , Fitzgerald Anna , Patel Neva , Lilja Johan , Win Zarni , Perry Richard , Marquand Andre F. , Cole James H. , Malhotra Paresh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) has been traditionally associated with episodic memory impairment and medial temporal lobe atrophy. However, recent literature has highlighted the existence of atypical forms of AD, presenting with different cognitive and radiological profiles. Failure to appreciate the heterogeneity of AD in the past has led to misdiagnoses, diagnostic delays, clinical trial failures and risks limiting our understanding of the disease. AD research requires the incorporation of new analytic methods that are as free as possible from the intragroup homogeneity assumption underlying case-control approaches according to which patients belonging to the same group are comparable to each other. Neuroanatomical normative modelling is a promising technique allowing for modelling the variation in neuroimaging profiles and then assessing individual deviations from the respective distribution. Here, neuroanatomical normative modelling was applied for the first time to a real-worldclinicalcohort of Alzheimer’s disease patients (n=86) who had a positive amyloid PET scan and a T1-weighted MR performed as part of their diagnostic workup. The model indexed normal cortical thickness distributions using a separate healthy reference dataset (n= 33,072), employing hierarchical Bayesian regression to predict cortical thickness per region using age and sex. Transfer learning was used to recalibrate the normative model on avalidation cohort(n=20) of scanner-matched cognitively normal individuals. Brain heterogeneity was quantified asz-scoresat each of the 148 ROIs generated within each AD patient. Z-scores < -1.96 defined as outliers. Clinical features including disease severity, presenting phenotypes and comorbidities were collected from health records to explore their association with outlier profiles. Amyloid quantification was performed using an automated PET-only driven method to examine the association between amyloid burden and outliers.The total number of individual outliers (total outlier count) in biomarker-confirmed AD clinical patients ranged between 1 and 120 out of 148 (median 21.5). The superior temporal sulcus was the region with the highest count of outliers (60%) in AD patients. The mean proportion of outliers was higher in the temporal (31.5%) than in the extratemporal (19.1%) regions and up to 20% of patients had no temporal outliers. We found higher mean outlier count in patients with non-amnestic phenotypes, at more advanced disease stages and without depressive symptoms. Amyloid burden was negatively associated with outlier count. This study corroborates the heterogeneity of brain atrophy in AD and provides evidence that this approach can be used to explore anatomo-clinical correlations at an individual level.
The Utility of a Bayesian Predictive Model to Forecast Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Disease in the United States, 2022
Authors: McCarter Maggie S. J. , Self Stella , Dye-Braumuller Kyndall C. , Lee Christopher , Li Huixuan , Nolan Melissa S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArboviruses (arthropod-borne-viruses) are an emerging global health threat that are rapidly spreading as climate change, international business transport, and landscape fragmentation impact local ecologies. Since its initial detection in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has shifted from being a novel to an established arbovirus in the United States. Subsequently, more than 25,000 cases of West Nile Neuro-invasive Disease (WNND) have been diagnosed, cementing WNV as an arbovirus of public health importance. Given its novelty in the United States, high-risk ecologies are largely underdefined making targeted population-level public health interventions challenging. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ArboNET WNV data from 2000 – 2021, this study aimed to predict WNND human cases at the county level for the contiguous US states using a spatio-temporal Bayesian negative binomial regression model. The model includes environmental, climatic, and demographic factors, as well as the distribution of host species. An integrated nested LaPlace approximation (INLA) approach was used to fit our model. To assess model prediction accuracy, annual counts were withheld, forecasted, and compared to observed values. The validated models were then fit to the entire dataset for 2022 predictions. This proof-of-concept mathematical, geospatial modelling approach has proven utility for national health agencies seeking to allocate funding and other resources for local vector control agencies tackling WNV and other notifiable arboviral agents.
Common anti-platelet therapies modulate procoagulant phospholipids in arterial disease
Authors: Protty Majd B , Tyrrell Victoria J , Hajeyah Ali A , Morgan Bethan , Li Yong , Choudhury Anirban , Mitra Rito , Bosanquet David , Poole Alastair W , Yousef Zaheer , Collins Peter W , O’Donnell Valerie B 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnzymatically oxygenated phospholipids (eoxPL) formed by lipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in platelets and leukocytes are pro-coagulant in multiple model systems. However, their generation in arterial thrombotic disease, and how their levels are modulated by common therapies is unknown. Here, eoxPL were first characterized in isolated platelets and leukocytes from an arterial vascular disease cohort, a healthy cohort administered low dose aspirin, and from retrieved human arterial thrombi. In both cohorts, aspirin reduced platelet COX-1-derived eoxPL, while elevating diacyl 12-LOX-derived eoxPL in males, through enhanced Lands’ cycle esterification. Conversely, P2Y12 inhibition reduced 12-LOX-derived eoxPL in leukocytes. Complex aspirin-dependent gender and seasonal effects on platelet eoxPL were seen in healthy subjects. Limb or coronary (STEMI) thrombi showed a platelet eoxPL signature while carotid thrombi had a white cell profile. Mice genetically lacking leukocyte 12/15-LOX, which are deficient in eoxPL, generated smaller carotid thrombi in vivo. In summary, pro-coagulant eoxPL generation is altered in human arterial vascular disease by commonly used cardiovascular therapies. These changes to the phospholipid composition of blood cells in humans at risk of thrombotic events may be clinically significant where the pro-coagulant membrane plays a central but poorly understood role in driving elevated thrombotic risk.Key PointseoxPL generation is altered in health and arterial vascular disease by aspirin or P2Y12 inhibitors, and shows gender and seasonal variation.Aspirin regulates eoxPL by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and modulating Lands’ cycle.The eoxPL profile of human arterial thrombi identifies platelet and leukocyte involvement.Mice deficient in LOX-derived eoxPL form smaller arterial thrombiin vivo.
NEW EFFECTIVE METHOD OF SPERMATOZOA RECOVERY FROM SURGICALLY-RETRIEVED TESTICULAR AND EPIDIDYMAL SPECIMENS BY DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGATION
Authors: Elena Zakharova 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe newly proposed method of processing cell suspensions for spermatozoa recovery is based on differential centrifugation and allows obtaining male germ cells from biopsy samples and using them for fertilization, especially if they are critically low in number and conventional methods for sperm recovery do no work or are inefficient.
Michigan men’s diabetes project II: protocol for peer-led diabetes self-management education and long-term support in Black men
Authors: Hawkins Jaclynn , Sengupta Srijani , Kloss Katherine A. , Kurnick Katie , Ewen Alana , Nwawkwo Robin , Funnell Martha , Mitchell Jamie , Jones Lennette , Piatt Gretchen 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTPrevious literature has indicated that Black men are twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts and are also more likely to have associated complications. Furthermore, Black men have lower access to quality health care, and masculinity norms have been shown to hinder them from seeking the limited care that is available. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of peer-led diabetes self-management education and long-term ongoing support on glycemic management. The first phase of our study will consist of modification of existing diabetes education content to be more appropriate for the population of interest, Then, in the second phase, we will conduct a randomized controlled trial to test the intervention. Participants randomized to the intervention arm will receive diabetes self-management education, structured diabetes self-management support, and a more flexible ongoing support period. Participants randomized to the control arm will receive diabetes self-management education. Diabetes self-management education will be taught by certified diabetes care and education specialists, while the diabetes self-management support and ongoing support period will be facilitated by fellow Black men with diabetes who will be trained in group facilitation, patient-provider communication strategies, and empowerment techniques. The third phase of this study will consist of post-intervention interviews and dissemination of findings to the academic community. The primary goal of our study is to determine whether long-term peer-led support groups in conjunction with diabetes self-management education are a promising solution to improve self-management behaviors and decrease A1C levels. We will also evaluate the retention of participants throughout the study, which has historically been an issue in clinical studies focused on the Black male population. Finally, the results from this trial will determine whether we can proceed to a fully-powered R01 trial or if other modifications of the intervention are necessary.Trial RegistrationRegistered atClinicalTrials.govwith an ID ofNCT05370781on May 12, 2022