bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient marker-assisted breeding for clubroot resistance in elite Pol-CMS rapeseed varieties by updating the PbBa8.1 locus
Authors: Guo Yiming , Li Bao , Li Mei , Zhu Hongjian , Yang Qian , Liu Xinhong , Qu Liang , Fan Lianyi , Wang Tonghua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Clubroot disease poses a severe threat to rapeseed (Brassica napus) production worldwide and has recently been spreading across China at an unprecedented pace. Breeding and cultivation of resistant varieties constitute a promising and environment-friendly approach to mitigating this threat. In this study, the clubroot resistance locus PbBa8.1 was successfully transferred into SC4, a shared paternal line of three elite varieties in five generations by recurrent selection. Specific KASP markers of clubroot resistance gene PbBa8.1 and its linked high erucic acid gene (FAE1) were designed and applied for foreground selection, while a 1000 + SNPs were selected and used for the background selection. This breeding strategy resulted recombinants had the highest recovery ratio of the recurrent parent genome (> 95%) at BC2F2, while breaking the linkage with FAE1 during the selection. An updated version of the paternal line (SC4R) was generated at BC2F3, showing significantly improved clubroot resistance at seedling stage by artificial inoculation and was comparable to that of the donor parent. Field trials of the three elite varieties and their updated versions in five environments indicated similar agronomic appearance and final yield. The introduced breeding strategy precisely pyramiding the PbBa8.1 and FAE1 loci with the assistants of technical markers in a shorter period and could be applied to other desirable traits for directional improvement in the future.
Graphene oxide decorated Tin sulphide quantum dots for electrochemical detection of dopamine and tyrosine
Authors: Hasheena M. , Ratnamala A. , Noorjahan M. , Reddy G. Deepthi , K Shiprath , H Manjunatha , K Chandra Babu Naidu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current study highlights the design and construction of a sensitive and selective sensor for detection of dopamine and tyrosine using a GO-SnS2 quantum dots by a drop casting method on glassy carbon electrode. Highly porous nano-crystalline GO-SnS2 quantum dots were synthesized by using ultrasonication followed by hydrothermal method in a facile manner. XRD, SEM, XPS, TEM, and pore size distribution techniques were used to characterize the quantum dots that were produced. The newly fabricated electrode was evaluated for EIS (Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), CV (cyclic voltammetry) and chronoamperometric methods. The observed limit of detection of dopamine was observed to be 26 nM. High selectivity and sensitivity were observed for electrochemical detection of dopamine and tyrosine.
Next-generation (sub-)kilometre-scale climate modelling for extreme storm-surge hazard projections
Authors: Denamiel Clea , Vilibić Ivica 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to on-going global warming, extreme storm-surges are expected to threaten a greater number of coastal communities worldwide. However, global and regional climate simulations of extreme events are still not accurate enough to respond to the growing needs of the local decision makers to prepare for these rising hazards. Here, we present a new methodology using (sub-)kilometre-scale coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave models and demonstrate the feasibility to provide meter-scale assessments of the impact of climate change on storm-surge hazards. As a proof of concept, we show that sea-level variations and distributions can be derived at the climate scale in the Adriatic Sea small lagoons and bays. Following these preliminary results, we expect that the newly developed methodology could lead to more targeted mitigation strategies of the local storm-surge hazards in regions of the world particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise and atmospherically driven extreme events.
The potential role of serum tau protein (MAPT), neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) and neprilysin (NEP) in neurodegenerative disorders development in psoriasis– preliminary results
Authors: Baran Anna , Nowowiejska Julia , Hermanowicz Justyna Magdalena , Sieklucka Beata , Krahel Julita Anna , Kiluk Paulina , Pawlak Dariusz , Flisiak Iwona 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatoses, which shortens patients’ lives because of the wide comorbidity. However, little is known about its association with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). We aimed to investigate whether psoriatics are at increased risk of NDs. 60 patients with plaque-type psoriasis were enrolled into the study. Serum concentrations of tau protein (MAPT), neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) and neprilysin (NEP), which are NDs biomarkers and have been hardly studied in psoriasis before, were measured before and after 12 weeks of treatment with acitretin or methotrexate. NrCAM and NEP concentrations were significantly lower in patients than controls, whereas MAPT higher (all p < 0.05). There was no association between these markers and psoriasis severity, BMI or disease duration. After the treatment the concentration of NrCAM and NEP significantly increased and MAPT decreased (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). Methotrexate had significant influence on the concentrations of all markers, hence it seems to have neuroprotective properties. Psoriasis severity and duration do not seem to affect the risk of neurodegenerative process. Our results suggest that NDs could be considered as another comorbidity of psoriasis and that further research are needed in order to establish their definite association.
Neuroanatomical predictors of real-time fMRI-based emotional brain regulation.
Authors: Caria Andrea , Grecucci Alessandro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that learned control of BOLD activity in selected brain regions can support emotion regulation. Notably, a number of studies demonstrated that regulation of BOLD activity in several emotion-related areas leads to modifications of emotional behavior along with changes of neural activity in local and distributed networks, in both healthy individuals and individuals with emotional disorders. However, to date a comprehensive description of the neural mechanisms underlying self-regulation of the emotional brain is still lacking. Here, we aimed to delineate a neuroanatomical signature predictive of successful real-time fMRI-based anterior insula regulation, a neuromodulation procedure that has been previously shown to elicit changes in emotional stimuli perception in both healthy individuals and patients. Using a kernel ridge regression model, we investigated gray and white matter structural features discriminative of self-regulation of the anterior insula activity. Our multivariate regression analysis revealed that cortical and subcortical regions in the fronto-occipital and medial temporal lobes as well as the basal ganglia and cerebellum were good predictors of self-regulation of the anterior insula. Notably, the cerebellum appeared to have the largest weight for successful prediction of self-regulation of the anterior insula. Overall, our findings revealed a specific neuroanatomical topography relevant to emotional brain regulation. Ultimately, we reason that the observed neuroanatomical predictors of learned regulation might be important for designing and optimizing future protocols of patient-tailored interventions for emotional disorders.
High Fertility desire and Associated factors among People Living With HIV at the University of Gondar specialized hospital, Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Woretaw Abere , Aemro Agazhe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: The quality of life of people living with HIV( PLWHIV) has been improving due to the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which in turn results in an increased desire for childbearing. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of fertility desire among people on ART.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 PLWHIV the University of Gondar comprehensive and specialized hospital from August 1 to 30, 2021. A systematically random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The data was entered using EPI INFO version 7.2.2.6, analyzed with Stata 14.0, and described using frequency tables and texts. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinants of fertility desire.Results: Of 390 participants included in the analysis, 64.87% were females. The mean age of the respondents was 32.79 years (SD±10.89). The overall prevalence of fertility desire among PLWHIV was 44.87% (95% CI: 39.98–49.86). Of these, 42.29% desired fertility because they thought that they could have an HIV-negative child due to ART. Being male (AOR = 2.93), being on WHO treatment stage I (AOR = 2.49), living with HIV for more than 10 years (AOR = 2.50), being on a first-line ART regimen (AOR = 2.44), and having no child (AOR = 2.94) were all associated with fertility desire.Conclusion: A considerable proportion of PLWHIV have a desire for childbearing. Hence, sexuality and reproductive health counseling measures should consider the fertility needs of PLWHIV.
Impacts of Pasteurisation Temperature, Preservatives, Storage Duration and Soursop Puree Substitution for Sugar on Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Microbial Properties of Set-Type Yoghurt
Authors: Sanusi Mayowa Saheed , Sunmonu Musliu Olushola , Raji Akeem , Alaka Abdulquadri , Abdulazeez Ahmed , Joshua Victoria Auhoiza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of pasteurization temperature (80°C, 90°C and 100°C), soursop puree substitution for sugar (0%, 25%, and 50%), storage duration (7, 14 and 28 days) and preservatives (potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and no preservative) on the physicochemical, antioxidant and microbial properties of set-type yoghurt. The water holding capacity and syneresis of the yoghurt varied as the soursop puree to sugar ratio increased. Replacement of sugar with 50% soursop puree increased ash, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin C, total phenolic content and DPPH of the yoghurt to 0.69%, 4.02%, 29.26%, 58.50%, 1.25 mg GAE/l and 34.40%, respectively and no coliform was detected. Lactic acid bacteria counts decreased as the storage duration increased while sodium benzoate inhibits mould and yeast counts more than the potassium sorbate. The soursop puree substitution with up to 50% of sugar could be used to produce yoghurt with potential health benefits and increased shelf life.
Macro-micro residual stress prediction and hot cracks formation mechanism during laser melt injection processing of ZrO2 particles into Ti6Al4V substrate
Authors: Ouyang Zipeng , Jin Hongxi , Cheng Qunlin , Chen Wenqi , Wei Yanhong , Chen Jicheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Laser melt injection (LMI) is a promising technology to produce ceramic particles reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) to achieve surface modification and performance upgrading. In this paper, the LMI process was conducted on Ti6Al4V substrate with ZrO2 particles (ZrO2p) to produce functionally graded material for heat insulation. The track dimensions, particle distribution, and crack morphology of the MMC layer were studied, corresponding to varying laser power, and scanning velocity. The optical morphologies showed all outlines of MMC were in the shape of a lower lip, and there were cracks in the MMC layer. When the linear energy was lower than 6.0×103 J/m, the thickness of the MMC layer was under 0.4 mm, and the zirconia particles filled up the entire MMC layer. Then, a novel finite element model was proposed to calculate the thermal-mechanical characteristics during the LMI process, in both macro and micro scales, to expound on the crack formation mechanism. The simulated results showed that the distribution and volume fraction of ZrO2p greatly influenced the magnitude and distribution of macro and micro residual stress. For the three LMI macro models, the transversal tensile stress was mainly located in the middle segment with 350 MPa. The longitudinal stress at the start and end of the top surface was close to 0 MPa, and the entire MMC layer was almost tensile stress. Besides, the most considerable transversal stress was spread over the heat affect zone, but the most significant longitudinal stress was distributed on the MMC top surface. The two-dimension micro-scale models revealed the residual stress distributed remarkably uniformly in the ZrO2 particles, and the stress values were more significant than those of the Ti6Al4V substrate. Moreover, the particle spacing was more extensive, and the stress between particles got more significant with the volume fraction of ZrO2p. In this study, the largest micro longitudinal stress was 891 MPa between particles C1 and C2, the location with the minor transverse stress with 561 MPa. Further, due to the solidification shrinkage of the metal, the ZrO2p prevented the displacement of Ti6Al4V metal dislocation, which contributed to generating stress concentration points on the surface of ZrO2p. At the same time, the gaps caused between the Ti6Al4V matrix and the ZrO2p surface also provided the conditions for the formation of microcracks. Larger cracks would be generated after lots of microcracks were gathered.
Validation of physics-based ground shaking scenarios for empirical fragility studies: the case study of the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake
Authors: Rosti Annalisa , Smerzini Chiara , Paolucci Roberto , Penna Andrea , Rota Maria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper explores and validates the use of ground shaking scenarios generated via 3D physics-based numerical simulations (PBS) for seismic fragility studies. The 2009 L’Aquila seismic event is selected as case-study application, given the availability of a robust and exhaustive post-earthquake database, gathering observed seismic damages detected on several building typologies representative of the Italian built environment, and of a validated numerical model for PBS ground shaking scenarios. Empirical fragility curves are derived as a function of different seismic intensity measures, by taking advantage of an improved statistical technique, overcoming possible uncertainties in the resulting estimates entailed by data aggregation. PBS-based fragility functions are compared to the corresponding sets of curves relying on updated ShakeMaps. The predictive capability of the adopted simulation strategies is then verified in terms of seismic damage scenarios, by respectively coupling PBS- and ShakeMap-based fragility models with the corresponding ground shaking scenarios. Comparison of observed and predicted damage distributions highlights the suitability of PBS for region-specific seismic vulnerability and risk applications.
Predicting neurodegenerative disease using pre-pathology gut microbiota composition: a longitudinal study in mice modeling Alzheimer’s disease pathologies
Authors: Borsom Emily M. , Conn Kathryn , Keefe Christopher R. , Herman Chloe , Orsini Gabrielle M. , Hirsch Allyson H. , Avila Melanie Palma , Testo George , Jaramillo Sierra A. , Bolyen Evan , Lee Keehoon , Caporaso J. Gregory , Cope Emily 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The gut microbiota-brain axis is suspected to contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. To evaluate the role of the gut microbiota-brain axis in AD, we characterized the gut microbiota of 3xTg-AD mice modeling amyloidosis and tauopathy and wild type (WT) genetic controls. Fecal samples were collected fortnightly from 4 to 52 weeks, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq. RNA was extracted from the colon and hippocampus, converted to cDNA, and used to measure immune gene expression using RT-qPCR. Diversity metrics were calculated using QIIME 2, and a Random Forest classifier was applied to predict bacterial features that are important in predicting mouse genotype. Gut microbiota were compositionally distinct early in life between 3xTg-AD mice and WT mice (PERMANOVA 8 weeks, p = 0.001, 24 weeks, p = 0.039, and 52 weeks, p = 0.058). We demonstrate that mouse genotype was correctly predicted 90–100% using fecal microbiome composition. Finally, we demonstrate that Bacteroides species relative abundance increased over time in 3xTg-AD mice. Taken together, we demonstrate that changes bacterial gut microbiota composition at pre-pathology timepoints are predictive of development of AD pathologies.
Development and characterization of 165 SNP markers in Mimosa bimucronata (Candolle) O. Kuntze
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhang Chun-Hui , Wang Chun-Jing , Wan Ji-Zhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mimosa bimucronata (Candolle) O. Kuntze, native to the American tropics, is the worst invasive tree species in China, where it is distributed in the southern coastal areas of Guangdong and Fujian provinces. It is characterized by rapid growth and waterlogging resistance, and was introduced in China for slope and bank protection. However, there is still a lack of effective molecular markers for its invasion management. In this study, we used a qubit dsDNA HS assay kit to extract DNA, and DNBSEQ-500 whole genome re-sequencing technology to obtain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. In total, we developed and characterized 165 SNP markers. Observed (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.0667 to 0.1000, and 0.1800 to 0.5000, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.1638 to 0.3750. These SNP markers will help to analyze the population genetic structure and assess the invasion risk for M. bimucronata.
Cell landscape of larval and adult Xenopus laevis at single-cell resolution
Authors: Liao Yuan , Ma Lifeng , E Weigao , Yang Lei , Fang Xing , Guo Qile , Ruan Fanwei , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Peijing , Sun Zhongyi , Chen Haide , Lin Zhongliang , Wang Xueyi , Wang Xinru , Sun Huiyu , Chen Ming , Zhou Yincong , Shen Wanhua , Han Xiaoping , Guo Guoji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Using Microwell-seq, we analyzed more than 500,000 single cells covering all major Xenopus tissues to construct the first Xenopus cell landscape to date. Common cell lineage-specific transcription factors have been identified in vertebrates, including fish, amphibians and mammals. A comparison of larval and adult erythrocytes revealed larval and adult-specific hemoglobin subtypes and a cluster of erythrocytes containing both larval and adult hemoglobin, mainly at NF59. In addition, cell lineages originating from all three layers exhibited both antigen processing and presentation during metamorphosis, indicating a common regulatory mechanism in metamorphosis. Our study provides a comprehensive resource for research on Xenopus developmental biology.
Molecular characterisation and tracking of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Thailand, 2020–2022
Authors: Puenpa Jiratchaya , Rattanakomol Patthaya , Saengdao Nutsada , Chansaenroj Jira , Yorsaeng Ritthideach , Suwannakarn Kamol , Thanasitthichai Somchai , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe and frequently lethal disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that surfaced in Thailand in early 2020. As of this writing, there have been 3,303,169 reported cases and 24,075 deaths in Thailand. This study investigated molecular characterisation and the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 identified during 2020–2022 in Thailand. Two hundred and sixty-eight SARS-CoV-2 strains, collected mostly in Bangkok during 2020–2022 from COVID-19 patients, were characterised by partial genome sequencing. Moreover, 5,627 positive SARS-CoV-2 samples were identified as variants of the virus (GRY/Alpha, GK/delta, GRA/Omicron BA.1 and GRA/Omicron BA.2) by multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. The results revealed that clade GH caused the predominant outbreak in the second wave (December 2020–January 2021), clade GRY/Alpha in the third wave (April–June 2021), clade GK/delta in the fourth wave (July–December 2021), and clade GRA/Omicron in the fifth wave (January–March 2022). The evolutionary rate in the outbreak was 2.60×10− 3 (95% highest posterior density [HPD], 1.72×10− 3 to 3.62×10− 3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year. Continued molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for monitoring emerging variants to prevent possible new COVID-19 outbreaks.
Awareness and Attitudes of Secondary School Students about Physiology Discipline in Southwest Region, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Issa Olakunle , Faborode Oluwaseun Samuel , Adeyemi Damilare Hakeem , Odewole Olaolu Joseph , Ajisafe Joy Adebowale , Dare Ayobami , Olaniyan Olugbemi Temitope , Onasanwo Samuel Adetunji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Physiology remains one of the core disciplines on which all biological and medical sciences were founded. In Nigeria, it is known that most students study Physiology at the undergraduate level by chance and not by choice and end up performing poorly, which could be mainly due to low awareness and knowledge of the discipline, its opportunities, and prospects. Therefore, this study investigated the awareness, attitude, and knowledge about physiology among senior secondary school students in Southwest Nigeria. A cross-sectional of 544 students in science-based senior secondary schools in south-west Nigeria were sampled. Our results showed a high level of awareness, with television being the dominant medium of information. However, knowledge of Physiology was low, while most of the students also showed interest in knowing more about it. Although gender does not seem to influence the level of knowledge, females had a better attitude towards learning about physiology. Similarly, residence did not affect attitude, howbeit associated with the level of knowledge. In conclusion, the high awareness and low knowledge observed in this study would give insights to educate students at the early stages of education about the opportunity and prospects of Physiology and other science-related disciplines.
Hydrogel-Based, Dynamically Tunable Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Qiang , Dai Chenjie , Cheng Mingliang , Hu Xin , Kim Hyun-Sik , Yang Heesun , Preston Daniel , Li Zhongyang , Zhang Xuefeng , Lee Won-Kyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Flat metasurfaces with subwavelength meta-atoms can be designed to manipulate the electromagnetic parameters of incident light and enable unusual light-matter interactions beyond the capabilities of the constituent materials themselves. Although hydrogel-based metasurfaces have the potential to control optical properties dynamically in response to environmental conditions, the pattern resolution of these surfaces has typically been limited to microscale features or larger, limiting capabilities at the nanoscale and precluding effective use in metamaterials. This paper reports a general approach to developing reversibly tunable plasmonic metasurfaces with hydrogel meta-atoms at the subwavelength scale. Periodic arrays of hydrogel nanodots with continuously tunable diameters between 180 nm and 240 nm were fabricated on silver substrates, resulting in humidity-responsive surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the nanostructure-metal interfaces. The peaks of the SPPs were controlled reversibly by absorbing or releasing water within the hydrogel matrix; the matrix subsequently generated plasmonic color rendering in the visible spectrum. We demonstrated that metasurfaces designed with these spatially patterned nanodots of varying sizes can benefit applications in anti-counterfeiting and generate multicolored displays with single-nanodot resolution. Furthermore, we showed system versatility exhibited by broadband beam-steering on a phase modulator consisting of hydrogel supercell units in which the size variations of constituent hydrogel nanostructures engineer the wavefront of reflected light from the metasurface.