bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal activity of certain fatty acids
Authors: Karabinos J. V. , Ferlin H. J. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryFatty acids in the C9 to C12 range are bactericidal to a number of different organisms, and this activity is markedly enhanced with increasing acidity. Optimum bactericidal activity toStaphylococcus aureus was exhibited by undecylic acid. Since the activity is of the same order as that of the quaternary ammonium germicides in alkaline solution, an explanation for both types of germicidal activity is presented in which the bacteria or some protein essential to the bacteria are considered to be “suffocated” by a “coating” of fatty groups in chemical combination with the protein.The application of these findings to bactericidal activity encountered in rancid fats is discussed briefly in connection with the oxidative degradation of oleic acid derivatives to pelargonic acid. In addition, the possible usefulness of the bactericidal activity as a microbiological assay method for certain fatty acids is pointed out.
Sources of color in soybean “lecithin”
Authors: Scholfield C. R. , Dutton Herbert J. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe color of soybean lecithin is due to carotenoids, brown pigments, and occasionally porphyrins. In the water‐washing of crude oil xanthophylls are preferentially removed with the gums, and carotene is practically absent in lecithin. Lutein is the principal carotenoid, comprising about three‐quarters of the carotenoids in lecithin. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching destroys all the color to some extent, but by far the greater effect is on the carotenoids.The brown color is very likely an aldehyde amine reaction product. It is largely formed by heating of the oil during the solvent‐stripping operation. It is not increased by drying the gums under vacuum for 3 hours at 80°C. but it is increased on heating at 100° C. under the same conditions. The formation of the brown color is not prevented by removal of free sugars or by hydrogenation of the lecithin.
A 4D IIB flux vacuum and supersymmetry breaking. Part I. Fermionic spectrum
Authors: Mourad J. , Sagnotti A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We consider the type-IIB supergravity vacua that include an internal T5, depend on a single coordinate r and respect a four-dimensional Poincaré symmetry, with the aim of highlighting low-energy spectra with broken supersymmetry and a bounded string coupling. These vacua are characterized by the flux Φ of the self-dual five form in the internal torus, the length ℓ of the interval described by the coordinate r, a dilaton profile that is inevitably constant and a strictly positive dimensionless parameter h. As ℓ → ∞ while retaining finite values for Φ and $$ \mathrm{\ell}{h}^{-\frac{5}{4}} $$
ℓ

h

−

5
4

, half of the original ten-dimensional supersymmetry is recovered, while finite values of ℓ break it completely. In the large-ℓ limit one boundary disappears but the other is still present, and is felt as a BPS orientifold by a probe brane. In this paper we focus on the fermionic zero modes and show that, although supersymmetry is broken for finite values of ℓ, they are surprisingly those of four-dimensional N = 4 supergravity coupled to five vector multiplets. Still, the gravitini can acquire masses via radiative corrections, absorbing four of the massless spin-$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

modes.
Allocation of geometric tolerances in one-dimensional stackup problems
Authors: Armillotta Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany tolerancing problems on mechanical assemblies involve a functional requirement depending on a chain of parallel dimensions on individual parts. In these one-dimensional cases, simple methods are available for the analysis and the allocation of dimensional tolerances. However, they are difficult to extend to geometric tolerances, which must be translated into equivalent dimensional tolerances; this allows the analysis but makes the allocation generally impossible without Monte Carlo simulation and complex search strategies. To overcome this difficulty, the paper proposes a way of dealing directly with geometric tolerances in the allocation problem. This consists in expressing the functional requirement as a linear model of geometric tolerances rather than equivalent dimensional tolerances; the coefficients of the model (sensitivities) are calculated considering both the dimension chain and the standard definition of the geometric tolerances. The approach can be combined with any constrained optimization method based on sensitivities. The optimal scaling method, previously proposed for dimensional tolerances, is extended to geometric tolerances and used in two examples to demonstrate the simplicity of the overall workflow and the quality of the optimal solution.
Rating scales to measure adverse effects of medications in people with intellectual disability: a scoping review
Authors: Kelly Neasa , Kilmartin Andrew , Lannon Kevin , Lee Caren , McLoughlin Rory , Mulvanny Lara , Mohamed Omnyiah , Treacy Mairead , Rossi Karen , O’Connell Juliette 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Intellectual disability (ID) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition characterised by limitations in intelligence and adaptive skills with an onset prior to the age of 18 years. People with ID have complex healthcare needs and are more likely than the general population to experience multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy, with subsequent increased risk of adverse medication effects. The aim of this scoping review is to characterise rating scales used to measure adverse effects of medication in people with ID.

Methods
Four online databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science and OpenGrey) were searched in April 2020. Studies were assessed for inclusion against pre-specified eligibility criteria. Reference lists of included studies were hand searched. Data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers and key findings were tabulated for consideration. Studies were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
The search resulted in 512 unique records, of which fifteen met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen scales were identified. All scales assessed adverse effects of psychotropics only. Of the scales, only one, the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects, which focuses on psychotropic medications, was originally developed for use in a population with ID.

Conclusion
The Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects scale appears to be the most reliable and well-researched scale in people with ID. However, a scale which measures adverse effects across multiple medication classes would be valuable for use in this population.
Increased trend of thyroid cancer in childhood over the last 30 years in EU countries: a call for the pediatric surgeon
Authors: Spinelli Claudio , Ghionzoli Marco , Oreglio Chiara , Sanna Beatrice , De Napoli Luigi , Morganti Riccardo , Antonelli Alessandro , Morabito Antonino , Miccoli Paolo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGiven the increasing incidence of thyroid cancer cases affecting the pediatric population in Europe, an epidemiological analysis of the available data is essential in order to update standards of care and recommend diagnostic and therapeutic strategies coherent to the new epidemiological trend. An observational study was conducted, considering the time interval 1991–2012, acquiring data collected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) through the “Cancer Incidence in 5 continents plus” (CI5 plus) project and dividing patients into four groups of age (0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19 years old). Data retrieved were compared to the latest report from Global Cancer Observatory, collected through the GLOBOCAN 2020 project, dividing patients in two groups: age 10–14, 15–19. Our findings highlighted an increasing prevalence of thyroid cancer rates in patients aged from 10 to 15 years old and from 15 to 19 years old, mainly in the female population, in Belarus (from 1991 to 2007), Cyprus, and Italy (from 2008 to 2012). Moreover, a further increase in incidence was highlighted in Italy according to data from GLOBOCAN 2020, with respect to other European countries.Conclusion: An increasing prevalence of thyroid cancer is seen in age groups 10–19. Further research is required to understand the underlying cause and concomitantly identify the most proper screening and diagnostic techniques of thyroid nodules. Indeed, this is crucial to reach optimal surgical standards and better prognosis, possibly with more conservative approaches and maybe less postoperative complications.

What is Known:• Thyroid cancer is the 4th most common malignancy in children.

What is New:• In the last decades, an increasing pattern has been recorded.• In the US, it has outlined breast cancers as the most common cancer in females.
Effect of environmental factors on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Abd El-Hack Mohamed E. , El-Saadony Mohamed T. , Nader Maha M. , Salem Heba M. , El-Tahan Amira M. , Soliman Soliman M. , Khafaga Asmaa F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aquaculture is the practice of developing aquatic animals and plants under artificial environmental conditions, either in a controlled or semi-controlled environment. Due to high animal protein demand, it is one of the world’s growing food production industries. It plays a vital role in contributing to food security and lowering the unemployment rate of the world’s growing population. This review article aims to scope sight on the environmental factors that affect the growth and economic production process of Nile tilapia. Many of these factors are listed and analyzed in this review, such as stocking densities; various feed frequencies and feeding rates; water quality; water temperature; dissolved oxygen concentration; water pH degree; ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3) concentration; feeding regimes; feed cost; and tank culturing system of Nile tilapia. These factors can significantly alter body weight, composition, survival, behavior, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, feeding efficiency, and the health and reproduction of Oreochromis niloticus. Furthermore, feeding, growth, disease risks, and survival rates are all affected by water quality parameters. In general, higher growth performance of O. niloticus in aquaculture can be obtained by keeping the optimum quantity of feed with proper feeding rate and frequency, maintaining a good proportion of stocking density, and regularly evaluating water quality. This review article highlights—in details—the impact of various environmental factors on growth performance criteria of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Chronic kidney disease is more prevalent among women but more men than women are under nephrological care
Authors: Lewandowski Michal J. , Krenn Simon , Kurnikowski Amelie , Bretschneider Philipp , Sattler Martina , Schwaiger Elisabeth , Antlanger Marlies , Gauckler Philipp , Pirklbauer Markus , Brunner Maria , Horn Sabine , Zitt Emanuel , Kirsch Bernhard , Windpessl Martin , Wallner Manfred , Aringer Ida , Wiesholzer Martin , Hecking Manfred , Hödlmoser Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Background
A discrepancy between sex-specific treatment of kidney failure by dialysis (higher in men) and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the general population (higher in women) has been reported internationally, but the prevalence by sex has not been described for Austria. Sex disparity among nephrology outpatients has not been studied.

Methods
We employed two formulae (2009 CKD-EPI suppressing the race factor, and race-free 2021 CKD-EPI) to estimate the sex distribution of CKD in Austrian primary care, based on creatinine measurements recorded in a medical sample of 39,800 patients from general practitioners’ offices (1989–2008). Further, we collected information from all clinic appointments scheduled at nephrology departments of 6 Austrian hospitals (Wien, Linz, Wels, St. Pölten, Villach, Innsbruck) during 2019 and calculated visit frequencies by sex.

Results
Using the 2009 CKD-EPI formula, the prevalence of CKD in stages G3–G5 (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 16.4% among women and 8.5% among men aged > 18 years who had attended general practitioners’ offices in Austria between 1989 and 2008 and had at least one creatinine measurement performed. Using the 2021 CKD-EPI formula, the respective CKD prevalence was 12.3% among women and 6.1% among men. In 2019, 45% of all outpatients at 6 participating nephrology departments were women. The median of nephrology clinic visits in 2019 was two (per year) for both sexes.

Conclusion
CKD is more prevalent among Austrian women than men. Men are more prevalent in nephrology outpatient services. Research into causes of this sex disparity is urgently needed.
Real-world evaluation of supportive care using an electronic health record text-mining tool: G-CSF use in breast cancer patients
Authors: van Laar Sylvia A. , Gombert-Handoko Kim B. , Wassenaar Sophie , Kroep Judith R. , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Zwaveling Juliette 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeChemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is a life-threatening and chemotherapy dose-limiting adverse event. FN can be prevented with granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs). Guidelines recommend primary G-CSF use for patients receiving either high (> 20%) FN risk (HR) chemotherapy, or intermediate (10–20%) FN risk (IR) chemotherapy if the overall risk with additional patient-related risk factors exceeds 20%. In this study, we applied an EHR text-mining tool for real-world G-CSF treatment evaluation in breast cancer patients.MethodsBreast cancer patients receiving IR or HR chemotherapy treatments between January 2015 and February 2021 at LUMC, the Netherlands, were included. We retrospectively collected data from EHR with a text-mining tool and assessed G-CSF use, risk factors, and the FN and neutropenia (grades 3–4) and incidence.ResultsA total of 190 female patients were included, who received 77 HR and 113 IR treatments. In 88.3% of the HR regimens, G-CSF was administered; 7.3% of these patients developed FN vs. 33.3% without G-CSF. Although most IR regimen patients had ≥ 2 risk factors, only 4% received G-CSF, of which none developed neutropenia. However, without G-CSF, 11.9% developed FN and 31.2% severe neutropenia.ConclusionsOur text-mining study shows high G-CSF use among HR regimen patients, and low use among IR regimen patients, although most had ≥ 2 risk factors. Therefore, current practice is not completely in accordance with the guidelines. This shows the need for increased awareness and clarity regarding risk factors. Also, text-mining can effectively be implemented for the evaluation of patient care.
Impact of light therapy on rotating night shift workers: the EuRhythDia study
Authors: Rizza Stefano , Luzi Alessio , Mavilio Maria , Ballanti Marta , Massimi Arianna , Porzio Ottavia , Magrini Andrea , Hannemann Juliane , Menghini Rossella , Cridland Jonathan , Staels Bart , Grant Peter J. , Boger Rainer H. , Marx Nikolaus , Federici Massimo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims
Disturbances in circadian rhythms may promote cardiometabolic disorders in rotating night shift workers (r-NSWs). We hypothesized that timed light therapy might reverse disrupted circadian rhythms and glucose intolerance observed among r-NSWs).

Methods
R-NSWs were randomly assigned to a protocol that included 12 weeks on followed by 12 weeks off light therapy (n = 13; 6 men; mean age, 39.5 ± 7.3 years) or a no-treatment control group (n = 9; 3 men; mean age 41.7 ± 6.3 years). Experimental and control participants underwent identical metabolic evaluations that included anthropometric, metabolic (including oral glucose tolerance tests), lipid, and inflammation-associated parameters together with an assessment of sleep quality and expression of circadian transcription factors REV-ERBα and BMAL1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of the protocol.

Results
Twelve weeks of warm white-light exposure (10,000 lx at 35 cm for 30 min per day) had no impact on sleep, metabolic, or inflammation-associated parameters among r-NSWs in the experimental group. However, our findings revealed significant decreases in REV-ERBα gene expression (p = 0.048) and increases in the REV-ERBα/BMAL1 ratio (p = 0.040) compared to baseline in PBMCs isolated from this cohort. Diminished expression of REV-ERBα persisted, although the REV-ERBα/BMAL1 ratio returned to baseline levels after the subsequent 12-day wash-out period.

Conclusions
Our results revealed that intermittent light therapy had no impact on inflammatory parameters or glucose tolerance in a defined cohort of r-NSWs. However, significant changes in the expression of circadian clock genes were detected in PBMCs of these subjects undergoing light therapy.
Environmental impacts of enlarging the market share of electric vehicles
Authors: De Wolf Daniel , Diop Ngagne , Kilani Moez 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe extend a multimodal transport model to simulate an increase of the market share of electric vehicles. The model, which is described in detail in Kilani et al. (Sustainability 14(3):1535, 2022), covers the north of France and includes both urban and intercity trips. It is a multi-agents simulation based on the MATsim framework and calibrated on observed traffic flows. We find that the emissions of pollutant gases decrease in comparable proportion to the market share of the electric vehicles. When only users with shorter trips switch to electric vehicles, the impact is limited and demand for charging stations is small since most users will charge by night at home. When the government is able to target users with longer trips, the impact can be higher by more than a factor of two. But, in this case, our model shows that it is important to increase the number of charging stations with an optimized deployment for their accessibility.
Wild Food: Plants, Fish and Small Animals on the Menu for Early Holocene Populations at al-Khiday, Central Sudan
Authors: Dunne J. , Salvatori S. , Maritan L. , Manning K. , Linseele V. , Gillard T. , Breeze P. , Drake N. , Evershed R.P. , Usai D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAl-Khiday, located on the bank of the White Nile in Sudan, offers an exceptionally preserved stratigraphic sequence, providing a unique opportunity to use organic residue analysis to investigate diet and subsistence during the Khartoum Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic, a period of nearly 3500 years (7000–4500 cal BC). While the vast and diverse Mesolithic fish assemblage indicates a strong reliance on products from aquatic habitats, floodplains, vegetated marshes, and open water, results from the lipid residue analysis suggest that the fish were not cooked in ceramic pots, but consumed in other ways. Rather, pots were more specialized in processing plants, including wild grasses, leafy plants, and sedges. These results, confirmed by experimental analysis, provide, for the first time, direct chemical evidence for plant exploitation in the Khartoum Mesolithic. Non-ruminant fauna (e.g., warthog) and low lipid-yielding reptiles (e.g., Adanson’s mud turtle and Nile monitor lizard), found in significant numbers at al-Khiday, were likely also cooked in pots. There is little evidence for the processing of wild ruminants in the Mesolithic pots, suggesting either that ruminant species were not routinely hunted or that large wild fauna may have been cooked in different ways, possibly grilled over fires. These data suggest sophisticated economic strategies by sedentary people exploiting their ecological niche to the fullest. Pottery use changed considerably in the Early Neolithic, with ruminant products being more routinely processed in pots, and while the exploitation of domesticates cannot be confirmed by a small faunal assemblage, some dairying took place. The results provide valuable information on Early and Middle Holocene lifeways in central Sudan.
Aerodynamic Behavior of a Biomimetic Wing in Soaring Flight – A Numerical Study
Authors: Tangermann Eike , Ercolani Gianantonio , Klein Markus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMulti-element wing tips based on bird wings appear attractive in soaring flight, where a minimal sink velocity is the design goal. The present study aims to reproduce the soaring flight observed from white storks (ciconia ciconia) in a biomimetic computational model in order to visualize and investigate the flow around and through the wing tip cascade. RANS and hybrid RANS–LES computations have been performed allowing access to all features of the flow field. The resulting properties in soaring flight have been compared to measured data of free flying birds from the literature to qualify the results of the re-engineered wing. Further, the flow field has been analyzed in detail to understand the underlying flow physics and to point out relevant phenomena such as a system of vortices associated with the wing and tip design which contributes to the observed aerodynamic properties.
Hybrid Modal Realism Debugged
Authors: Fouché Camille 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I support a hybrid view regarding the metaphysics of worlds. I endorse Lewisian Modal Realism for possible worlds (LMR). My aim is to come up with a hybrid account of impossible worlds that provides all the plenitude of impossibilities for all fine-grained intentional contents. I raise several challenges for such a plenitudinous hybrid theory. My version of hybrid modal realism builds impossible worlds as set-theoretic constructions out of genuine individuals and sets of them, that is, as set-theoretic constructions from parts and sets of parts of genuine Lewisian worlds. Structured worlds are defined as sets of tuples: structured entities built out of Lewisian ‘raw material’. These structured worlds are ersatz worlds, some of which are impossible. I claim that propositions must be sets of worlds rather than members of sets. Once the construction is in place, I evaluate the proposal and show that my hybrid account is able to supply a plenitude of impossibilities and thus giving the resources to make all the hyperintensional distinctions we are looking for, whilst remaining Lewisian-conservative.
Plasmonic Surface of Metallic Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Meso-Terakis (4-Sulfonatophenyl) Porphyrin (TPPS) and Theoretical–Experimental Comparable
Authors: Aboalhassan Ahmed A. , El-Daly Samy A. , Ebeid El-Zeiny M. , Sakr Mahmoud A. S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractColloidal metallic nanoparticles have attracted a lot of interest in the last two decades owing to their simple synthesis and fascinating optical properties. In this manuscript, a study of the effect of both gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on the fluorescence emission (FE) of TPPS has been investigated utilizing steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. From the observed electronic absorption spectra, there is no evidence of the ground state interaction between metallic Au NPs or Ag NPs with TPPS. On the other side, the FE spectra of TPPS have been quenched by both Ag and Au NPs. Via applying quenching calculations, Ag NPs showed only traditional static fluorescence quenching of TPPS with linear Stern–Volmer (SV) plots. On the contrary, quenching of TPPS emission by Au NPs shows composed models. One model is the sphere of action static quenching model that prevails at high quencher concentrations leading to non-linear SV plots with positive deviation. However, at low Au NPs concentrations, traditional dynamic quenching occurs with linear SV plots. The quantum calculations for TPPS structure have been obtained using Gaussian 09 software: in which the TPPS optimized molecular structure was achieved using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d) in a gaseous state. Also, the calculated electronic absorption spectra for the same molecule in water as a solvent are obtained using TD/M06/6-311G +  + (2d, 2p). Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental results comparable to UV–Vis spectra have been investigated.