bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing utility of interfacility triage guidelines using machine learning: Development of the Geriatric Interfacility Trauma Triage score
Authors: Garwe Tabitha , Newgard Craig D. , Stewart Kenneth , Wan Yang , Cody Patrick , Cutler James , Acharya Pawan , Albrecht Roxie M. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND
Undertriage of injured older adults to tertiary trauma centers (TTCs) has been demonstrated by many studies. In predominantly rural regions, a majority of trauma patients are initially transported to nontertiary trauma centers (NTCs). Current interfacility triage guidelines do not highlight the hierarchical importance of risk factors nor do they allow for individual risk prediction. We sought to develop a transfer risk score that may simplify secondary triage of injured older adults to TTCs.

METHODS
This was a retrospective prognostic study of injured adults 55 years or older initially transported to an NTC from the scene of injury. The study used data reported to the Oklahoma State Trauma Registry between 2009 and 2019. The outcome of interest was either mortality or serious injury (Injury Severity Score, ≥16) requiring an interventional procedure at the receiving facility. In developing the model, machine-learning techniques including random forests were used to reduce the number of candidate variables recorded at the initial facility.

RESULTS
Of the 5,913 injured older adults initially transported to an NTC before subsequent transfer to a TTC, 32.7% (1,696) had the outcome of interest at the TTC. The final prognostic model (area under the curve, 75.4%; 95% confidence interval, 74–76%) included the following top four predictors and weighted scores: airway intervention (10), traffic-related femur fracture (6), spinal cord injury (5), emergency department Glasgow Coma Scale score of ≤13 (5), and hemodynamic support (4). Bias-corrected and sample validation areas under the curve were 74% and 72%, respectively. A risk score of 7 yields a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 56%.

CONCLUSION
Secondary triage of injured older adults to TTCs could be enhanced by use of a risk score. Our study is the first to develop a risk stratification tool for injured older adults requiring transfer to a higher level of care.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiolgical; Level III.
Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Prehospital Pain Management for Trauma Patients
Authors: Bradford James M , Cardenas Tatiana , Edwards Allison , Norman Tye , Teixeira Pedro G , Trust Marc D , DuBose Joseph , Kempema James , Ali Sadia , Brown Carlos VR 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Although evidence suggests that racial and ethnic minority (REM) patients receive inadequate pain management in the acute care setting, it remains unclear if these disparities also occur during the prehospital period. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of race and ethnicity on prehospital analgesic utilization by emergency medical services (EMS) in trauma patients.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review of adult trauma patients aged 18-89 years old transported by EMS to our ACS verified Level 1 trauma center from 2014-2020. Patients who identified as Black, Asian, Native American, or Other for race and/or Hispanic or Latino or Unknown for ethnicity were considered REM. Patients who identified as White, non-Hispanic were considered White. Groups were compared in univariate and multivariate analysis. The primary outcome was prehospital analgesic administration.

Results:
2,476 patients were transported by EMS (47% White and 53% REM). White patients were older (46 vs. 38, p<0.001) and had higher rates of blunt trauma (76% vs. 60%, p<0.001). There were no differences in injury severity score (ISS) (21 vs. 20, p=0.22). Although REM patients reported higher subjective pain rating (7.2 vs. 6.6, p=0.002), they were less likely to get prehospital pain medication (24% vs. 35%, p<0.001) and that difference remained significant after controlling for baseline characteristics, transport method, pain rating, prehospital hypotension, and payor status (Adjusted OR [95% CI] 0.67 [0.47 – 0.96], p=0.03).

Conclusion:
Patients from racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to receive prehospital pain medication after traumatic injury than White patients. Forms of conscious and unconscious bias contributing to this inequity need to be identified and addressed.
Global-local multi-field models for the stress analysis of laminated structures
Authors: Zappino Enrico , Carrera Erasmo 
Published: November 2022

The present paper presents an innovative numerical model for predicting stress concentrations in composite materials in a multi-physics context. The numerical approach is based on the Carrera unified formulation, a numerical tool able to handle any kinematic model using a unified and compact notation. A general formulation for one-, two- and three-dimensional higher-order models has been presented. Equivalent single-layer and layer-wise models have been considered since they are the most effective in the analysis of composite materials. A hygro-thermo-elastic multi-physics formulation has been considered. The model has been used to investigate stress concentrations considering different configurations. Mechanical, thermal and hygroscopic loads have been considered. An innovative global-local analysis technique has been used to reduce the computational cost preserving the accuracy of the solution.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and durability of composite materials’.
Preface to the theme issue ‘Durability and ageing of composite materials'
Authors: Gigliotti Marco , Grandidier Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2022

The issue focuses on ageing and durability of composite materials for industrial applications. Ageing and durability are two fundamental topics within the context of design and optimization of materials and structures: ageing may induce degradation and leads to premature failure. Therefore, understanding the main ageing mechanisms is of paramount importance for predicting material durability. These topics are still barely studied systematically and the main related issues are debated within mechanical, chemical, and solid-state physics research communities. This issue aims to update the current research state of the art, clarifying the interplay between chemical and physical mechanisms involved in degradation processes, and providing test protocols and design rules that account for ageing and durability.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Ageing and durability of composite materials'.
Immunogenicity and safety of a 4thhomologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine (NVX-CoV2373): a phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Alves Katia , Plested Joyce S , Galbiati Shirley , Chau Gordon , Cloney-Clark Shane , Zhu Mingzhu , Kalkeri Raj , Patel Nita , Smith Kathy , Marcheschi Alex , Pfeiffer Susan , McFall Heather , Smith Gale , Glenn Gregory M. , Dubovsky Filip , Mallory Raburn M. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly reduced the efficacy of some approved vaccines. A fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373 (5µg SARS-CoV-2 rS + 50µg Matrix-M™ adjuvant) was evaluated to determine induction of cross-reactive antibodies to variants of concern.MethodsA phase 2 randomized study assessed a fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373 in adults 18–84 years of age (2-dose primary series followed by third and fourth doses at 6-month intervals). Local/systemic reactogenicity was assessed the day of vaccination and for 6 days thereafter. Unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were reported. Immunogenicity was measured before, and 14 days after, fourth dose administration using anti-spike neutralization assays against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and Omicron sublineages. Antigenic cartography assessed antigenic distances between ancestral and variant strains.ResultsAmong 1283 enrolled participants, 258 were randomized to receive the 2-dose primary series, of whom 104 received a third dose, and 45 received a fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373. The incidence of local/systemic reactogenicity events increased after the first three doses of NVX-CoV2373, and leveled off after dose four. Unsolicited AEs were reported in 9% of participants after dose 4 (none severe or serious). Neutralization antibody titers increased following booster doses. Antigenic cartography demonstrated reductions in antigenic distance between ancestral and variant SARS-CoV-2 strains with increased number of NVX-CoV2373 doses.ConclusionsA fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373 enhanced immunogenicity without increasing reactogenicity. Antigenic cartography demonstrated a more universal-like response against SARS-CoV-2 variants after a fourth dose of NVX-CoV2373, indicating that updates to the vaccine composition may not be warranted.Trial registration numberNCT04368988
Network Based Identification of Holistic Drug Target for Parkinson Disease and Deep Learning assisted Drug Repurposing
Authors: Raza Ahsan , Muddassar Muhammad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractParkinson is a neurodegenerative disorder of the nervous system involved with disrupting the motor activity of the body. The current pathogenesis of the disorder is incomplete resulting in widespread use of exogenous medical treatments targeting the dopamine quantity, posing a major challenge in appropriate drug development. The plethora of high throughput techniques in the last decade has yielded a vast amount of Omics dataset with an opportunity of providing a holistic overview of the disease workings and dynamics. We integrated the Parkinson disease Omics datasets using network-based integration strategies to build Parkinson disease network. The most impactful and resilient node of the network was selected as a drug target. Deep learning based virtual screening estimator was built from physicochemical properties of different compounds having variable affinity to target binding. Virtual screening of FDA approved drugs repurposed 19 drugs with 25% of them falling under insomnia treatment; the most prevalent sleep disorder in Parkinson patients. Source Code of the project is available athttps://github.com/aysanraza/pd_repurposing_protocol
Differential effects of cobalt ionsin vitroon gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase kinetics in the blue crabCallinectes danae(Decapoda, Brachyura)
Authors: Leone Francisco A. , Fabri Leonardo M. , Costa Maria I. C. , Moraes Cintya M. , Garçon Daniela P. , McNamara John C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the crustacean gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase as a molecular marker for toxic contamination by heavy metals of estuarine and coastal environments, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of Co2+in vitroon modulation of the K+-phosphatase activity of a gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase from the blue crabCallinectes danae. Usingp-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate, Co2+can act as both stimulator and inhibitor of K+-phosphatase activity. Without Mg2+, Co2+stimulates K+-phosphatase activity similarly but with a ≈4.5-fold greater affinity than with Mg2+. With Mg2+, K+-phosphatase activity is almost completely inhibited by Co2+. Substitution of Mg2+by Co2+slightly increases enzyme affinity for K+and NH4+. Independently of Mg2+, ouabain inhibition is unaffected by Co2+. Mg2+displaces bound Co2+from the Mg2+-binding site in a concentration dependent mechanism. However, at saturating Mg2+concentrations, Co2+does not displace Mg2+from its binding site even at elevated concentrations. Saturation by Co2+of the Mg2+binding site does not affectpNPP recognition by the enzyme. Given that the interactions between heavy metal ions and enzymes are particularly complex, their toxic effects at the molecular level are poorly understood. Our findings elucidate partly the mechanism of action of Co2+on a crustacean gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase.HighlightsWithout Mg2+, cobalt ions stimulate the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPaseCo2+has a 4.5-fold greater affinity for the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase than does Mg2+Mg2+displaces Co2+from the Mg2+-binding site in a concentration dependent mannerOuabain inhibition with Co2+or Mg2+is identicalSaturation by Co2+of Mg2+-binding sites does not affect substrate recognitionGraphical AbstractGraphical abstract (synopsis)Using a crab gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase, we demonstrate that Co2+inhibits K+-phosphatase activity with Mg2+, which is stimulated without Mg2+. Mg2+displaces Co2+from the Mg2+-binding site but Co2+cannot displace Mg2+. Ouabain inhibition is unaffected by Co2+, independently of Mg2+. The molecular mechanism of Co2+toxicity is partly elucidated.
Secondary metabolites produced byColletotrichumspp. on different olive cultivars
Authors: Riolo Mario , Luz Carlos , Santilli Elena , Meca Giuseppe , Cacciola Santa Olga 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study was aimed to characterize the secondary metabolites produced by fourColletotrichumspecies,C. acutatum,C. gloeosporioides,C. godetiaeandC. karsti, bothin vitro, on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and oatmeal agar (OA), and during the infection process of fruits of four olive cultivars differing in susceptibility to anthracnose, ‘Coratina’ and ‘Ottobratica’, both susceptible, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Leccino’, both resistant. The metabolites were extracted from axenic cultures after seven days incubation and from olives at three different times, 1, 3 and 7 days post inoculation (dpi). They were identified using the HPLC-QTOF analysis method. In total, as many as 45 diverse metabolites were identified; of these 29 were detected on infected olives and 26 in axenic cultures on agar media (OA and PDA). Only 10 metabolites were present in both fruits and axenic cultures while 19 were found exclusively on olives and 16 exclusively in axenic cultures. The 45 identified metabolites comprised fatty acid, phenolics, pyrones, sterols, terpenes and miscellaneous compounds. EachColletotrichumspecies produced a different spectrum of metabolites depending of the type of matrices. On artificially inoculated olives the severity of symptoms, the amount of fungal secondary metabolites and their number peaked 7 dpi irrespective of the cultivar susceptibility and the virulence of theColletotrichumspecies. The metabolite profiles as represented by heat maps were the result of the interaction olive cultivar xColletotrichumspecies.
Bioinformatically predicted emulsifying peptides and potato protein hydrolysate improves the oxidative stability of microencapsulated fish oil
Authors: Bjørlie Mads , Yesiltas Betül , García-Moreno Pedro J. , Espejo-Carpio F. Javier , Rahmani-Manglano Nor E. , Guadix Emilia M. , Jafarpour Ali , Hansen Egon B. , Marcatili Paolo , Overgaard Michael T. , Echers Simon Gregersen , Jacobsen Charlotte 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential of potato proteins and peptides as emulsifiers in the microencapsulation of fish oil by spray-drying. Microcapsules were produced using a potato protein extract, and fractions enriched in patatin and protease inhibitors. Furthermore, bioinformatically predicted emulsifier peptides from abundant potato proteins and a hydrolysate, obtained through targeted proteolysis of the extract, were investigated. During 28 days of storage at 25°C, peptides and hydrolysate exhibited better emulsifying properties and higher encapsulation efficiencies compared to native proteins and sodium caseinate. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the peroxide value (PV) and secondary volatile oxidation products between the microcapsules produced with peptides and native proteins. Microcapsules produced with peptides and hydrolysate showed the highest oxidative stability, not exceeding a PV of 10 meq/kg oil, and with concentrations of volatiles below the odor threshold in oil for five of the six studied compounds. These results show the emulsifying potential of potato peptides and hydrolysate for use in microencapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive ingredients such as fish oil.
Social stress induces autoimmune responses against the brain to promote stress susceptibility
Authors: Shimo Yusuke , Cathomas Flurin , Lin Hsiao-yun , Chan Kenny L , Parise Lyonna F. , Li Long , Ferrer-Pérez Carmen , Costi Sara , Murrough James W. , Russo Scott J 
Published: November 2022

AbstractClinical studies have revealed a high comorbidity between autoimmune and psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the mechanisms connecting autoimmunity and depression remain unclear. Here, we aim to identify the processes linking adaptive immune abnormalities and depression. To examine this relationship, we analyzed antibody responses and autoimmunity in the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model in mice, and in clinical samples from patients with MDD. We show that socially stressed mice have elevated serum antibody concentrations. Activation of social stress-induced antibody responses were confirmed by detecting expansion of specific T and B cell populations particularly in the cervical lymph nodes, where brain-derived antigens are preferentially delivered. IgG antibody concentrations in the brain were significantly higher in stress-susceptible mice than in unstressed mice, and positively correlated with social avoidance. IgG antibodies accumulated around the blood vessels in brain sections from stress-susceptible mice. Moreover, sera from stress-susceptible mice exhibited high reactivity against brain tissue, and brain-reactive IgG antibody levels positively correlated with depression-like behavior. Similarly, in humans, increased peripheral levels of brain-reactive IgG antibodies were associated with increased anhedonia. Furthermore, high stress-resilience was observed in B cell-depleted mice, confirming a causal link between antibody-producing cells and depression-like behavior. This study provides novel mechanistic insights connecting stress-induced autoimmune reactions against the brain and stress susceptibility. Therapeutic strategies targeting autoimmune responses can therefore be devised to treat patients with MDD featuring immune abnormalities.
Generation of a hybridAppNL-G-F/NL-G-F×Thy1-GCaMP6s+/-Alzheimer disease mouse mitigates the behavioral and hippocampal encoding deficits ofAPPknock-in mutations ofAppNL-G-F/NL-G-Fmice
Authors: Inayat Samsoon , McAllister Brendan B. , Chang HaoRan , Lacoursiere Sean G. , Whishaw Ian Q. , Sutherland Robert J. , Mohajerani Majid H. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIn contrast to most transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer disease (AD), knock-in mice expressing familial AD-linked mutations of the amyloid precursor protein (App) gene exhibit stereotypical age-dependent amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology and cognitive impairment without physiologically unrealisticAppoverexpression. This study investigated the effect of familial AD-linkedAppmutations on hippocampal CA1 neuronal activity and function. To enable calcium imaging of neuronal activity,AppNL-G-F/NL-G-Fknock-in (APPki) mice were crossed withThy1-GCaMP6s+/-(C-TG) mice to generateAppNL-G-F/NL-G-F×Thy1-GCaMP6s+/-(A-TG) mice, which were characterized at 12 months of age. A-TG mice exhibited Aβ pathology in the hippocampus. In several configurations of an air-induced running task, A-TG mice and C-TG mice were equally successful in learning to run or to stay immobile. In the Morris water place test, A-TG mice were impaired, but learned the task. Comparisons of hippocampal CA1 neuronal activity in the air-induced running task showed that A-TG mice displayed neuronal hypoactivity both during movement and immobility. A-TG mice and C-TG CA1 neuronal encoding of distance or time in the air induced running task were not different. These results suggest that knock-in of familial AD-linked mutations in A-TG mice results in Aβ pathology, neuronal hypoactivity, and cognitive impairment without severely affecting CA1 neuronal encoding. In comparison to APPki mice, A-TG mice had less severe AD-like memory impairments at 12 months of age (Saito et al., 2014; Mehla et al., 2019), suggesting that the disease onset was delayed in A-TG mice. The effect ofAPPmutations may have been mitigated through genetic mechanisms when APPKi mice were crossed with C-TG mice.
SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from New York City
Authors: Wang Yang , Lenoch Julianna , Kohler Dennis , DeLiberto Thomas J. , Tang Cynthia , Li Tao , Tao Yizhi Jane , Guan Minhui , Compton Susan , Zeiss Caroline , Hang Jun , Wan Xiu-Feng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMillions of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)inhabit New York City (NYC), presenting the potential for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to rats and other wildlife. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 exposure among 79 rats captured from NYC during the fall of 2021. Results showed that 13 of 79 rats (16.5%) tested IgG or IgM positive, and partial genomes of SARS-CoV-2 were recovered from four rats that were qRT-PCR positive. Using a virus challenge study, we also showed that Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants can cause robust infections in wild-type Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, including high level replications in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, the Delta variant resulted in the highest infectivity. In summary, our results indicated that rats are susceptible to infection with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants, and rats in the NYC municipal sewer systems have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Our findings highlight the potential risk of secondary zoonotic transmission from urban rats and the need for further monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in those populations.ImportanceSince its emergence causing the COVID-19 pandemic, the host tropism expansion of SARS-CoV-2 raises a potential risk for reverse-zoonotic transmission of emerging variants into rodent species, including wild rat species. In this study, we presented both genetic and serological evidence for SARS-CoV-2 exposure in wild rat population from New York City, and these viruses are potentially linked to the viruses during the early stages of the pandemic. We also demonstrated that rats are susceptible to additional variants (i.e., Alpha, Delta, and Omicron) predominant in humans and that the susceptibility to different variants vary. Our findings highlight the potential risk of secondary zoonotic transmission from urban rats and the need for further monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in those populations.