bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical pathology of adenocarcinomas arising around or within the gastroesophageal junction
Authors: Dislich Bastian , Kröll Dino , Langer Rupert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClassification of adenocarcinomas (AC) arising around or within the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is hampered by major morphologic and phenotypic overlaps. We reviewed the surgical pathology of esophagectomy specimens of 115 primary resected AC of the esophagus as defined by the 5th edition of the WHO classification regarding the anatomical site of the tumor, with corresponding categorization according to the Siewert AEG Classification and the preceding 4th edition of the WHO (discriminating esophageal adenocarcinomas/EAC and adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction/AdGEJ), and further histology findings. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CDX2, CK7, CK20, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 was performed. Sixty-eight cases were Siewert AEG type I and 47 cases Siewert AEG type II. Out of the AEG I tumors, 26 were classified as AdGEJ. Regardless of the classification system, more proximally located tumors showed less aggressive behavior with lower rates of lymph node metastases, lymphatic, venous and perineural invasion, better histological differentiation (p < 0.05 each) and were more frequently associated with pre-neoplastic Barrett’s mucosa (p < 0.001). Histologically, the tumors displayed intestinal morphology in the majority of cases. IHC showed non-conclusive patterns with a frequent CK7+/CK20+ immunophenotype in all tumors, but also a gastric MUC5AC+ and MUC6+ phenotype in some proximal tumors. In conclusion, histology of the tumors and IHC failed to distinguish reliably between more proximal and more distal tumors. The presence of Barrett’s mucosa rather than location alone, however, may help to further differentiating adenocarcinomas arising in this region and may be indicative for a particular biologic type.
“Cooperation with a peer in practicum is nice but teaching alone makes me feel I am teaching for real.” How pre-primary and primary student teachers experience single and paired field placements
Authors: Hascher Tina , Do Minh-Ly , de Zordo Lea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs part of the reform of teacher education, field placements for student teachers have been expanded and new forms such as paired field placements implemented into standard programmes. For many years, the single field placement has been the standard model for student teachers, but various forms of paired internships have been introduced. However, little is known about the processes of cooperative learning during field placements and how student teachers benefit from different forms of field placement, such as single versus paired field placements.This qualitative study aims at a deeper understanding of student teachers’ learning in single and paired field placements from student teachers’ perspective. Theoretically, our study is based on the offer-and-use model in field experiences combined with the autonomy-parity pattern. Student teachers (N = 20) from the University of Teacher Education in Bern, Switzerland, were interviewed in depth about their learning gains after completing four paired field placements and one single field placement. Results showed that although student teachers appreciate the work and exchange with a peer, the majority of student teachers prefer single field placements. The desire for autonomy and the ability to work flexibly in single field placements seemed to outweigh the advantages of paired field placements. The majority of students considered single field placements to be closer to reality. The results encourage future discussion and research about student teachers’ attitudes towards field placements and the teaching profession.
High-performance Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet oxides with AlN additive
Authors: Zhang Chang , Hu Xiangchen , Nie Zhiwei , Wu Cong , Zheng Nan , Chen Shaojie , Yang Yihang , Wei Ran , Yu Jiameng , Yang Nan , Yu Yi , Liu Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGarnet-type oxide is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, the Li dendrite formation in garnet oxides obstructs the further development of the SSLMBs seriously. Here, we report a high-performance garnet oxide by using AlN as a sintering additive and Li as an anode interface layer. AlN with high thermal conductivity can promote the sintering activity of the garnet oxides, resulting in larger particle size and higher relative density. Moreover, Li3N with high ionic conductivity formed at grain boundaries and interface can also improve Li-ion transport kinetics. As a result, the garnet oxide electrolytes with AlN show enhanced thermal conductivity, improved ionic conductivity, reduced electronic conductivity, and increased critical current density (CCD), compared with the counterpart using Al2O3 sintering aid. In addition, Li symmetric cells and Li∣LiFePO4 (Li∣LFP) half cells using the garnet electrolyte with the AlN additive exhibit good electrochemical performances. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for high-performance SSEs.
Origin of Excellent Charge Storage Properties of Defective Tin Disulphide in Magnesium/Lithium-Ion Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Fan Xin , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Wu Yilan , Gaddam Rohit Ranganathan , Zhao Xiu Song 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are excellent electrochemical energy sources, albeit with existing challenges, including high costs and safety concerns. Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are one of the potential alternatives. However, the performance of MIBs is poor due to their sluggish solid-state Mg2+ diffusion kinetics and severe electrode polarizability. Rechargeable magnesium-ion/lithium-ion (Mg2+/Li+) hybrid batteries (MLHBs) with Mg2+ and Li+ as the charge carriers create a synergy between LIBs and MIBs with significantly improved charge transport kinetics and reliable safety features. However, MLHBs are yet to reach a reasonable electrochemical performance as expected. This work reports a composite electrode material with highly defective two-dimensional (2D) tin sulphide nanosheets (SnSx) encapsulated in three-dimensional (3D) holey graphene foams (HGF) (SnSx/HGF), which exhibits a specific capacity as high as 600 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a compelling specific energy density of ~ 330 Wh kg−1. The excellent electrochemical performance surpasses previously reported hybrid battery systems based on intercalation-type cathode materials under comparable conditions. The role played by the defects in the SnSx/HGF composite is studied to understand the origin of the observed excellent electrochemical performance. It is found that it is closely related to the defect structure in SnSx, which offers percolation pathways for efficient ion transport and increased internal surface area assessable to the charge carriers. The defective sites also absorb structural stress caused by Mg2+ and Li+ insertion. This work is an important step towards realizing high-capacity cathode materials with fast charge transport kinetics for hybrid batteries.
Study of the convective heat transfer during full melt off of ice slurry in laminar and non-Newtonian flows
Authors: Mellari Souheila 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the experimental results of the heat transfer coefficient of ice slurry in the distribution phase in order to conserve fish and shellfish where the ideal temperature oscillates between 0 °C and 2 °C. The required energy power absorbed during the exchange between the ice slurry and the air is assimilated to the transport capacity (in kW of cooling at full melt off). The secondary fluid was prepared by mixing monopropylene glycol, MPG, and water to obtain an initial concentration varying from 5 to 24% (the initially freezing temperature varying from − 1.84 °C to – 9.39 °C). The heat transfer coefficients for ice slurry in laminar flow conditions increased with velocity and ice concentration but decreased with increasing MPG concentration, according to the results. The heat transfer coefficients for ice slurry in laminar flow conditions increased with velocity and ice concentration but decreased with increasing MPG concentration, according to the results. The heat transfer coefficients of ice slurry are of the order of 7000 W.m−2.K−1.Moreover, the rheological behavior of the ice slurry greatly influenced the results under certain conditions. A new average Nusselt correlation was proposed that accurately predicts the superficial heat transfer coefficients of laminar flow of ice slurry through the horizontal pipe.
MicroRNA–Disease Network Analysis Repurposes Methotrexate for the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice
Authors: Shen Yicong , Gao Yuanxu , Shi Jiangcheng , Huang Zhou , Dai Rongbo , Fu Yi , Zhou Yuan , Kong Wei , Cui Qinghua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta and is highly lethal. The main purpose of the current study is to search for noninvasive medical therapies for AAA, for which there is currently no effective drug therapy. Network medicine represents a cutting-edge technology, as analysis and modeling of disease networks can provide critical clues regarding the etiology of specific diseases and therapeutics that may be effective. Here, we proposed a novel algorithm to quantify disease relations based on a large accumulated microRNA–disease association dataset and then built a disease network covering 15 disease classes and 304 diseases. Analysis revealed some patterns for these diseases. For instance, diseases tended to be clustered and coherent in the network. Surprisingly, we found that AAA showed the strongest similarity with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, both of which are autoimmune diseases, suggesting that AAA could be one type of autoimmune diseases in etiology. Based on this observation, we further hypothesized that drugs for autoimmune diseases could be repurposed for the prevention and therapy of AAA. Finally, animal experiments confirmed that methotrexate, a drug for autoimmune diseases, was able to alleviate the formation and development of AAA.
Crisis as driver of digital transformation? Scottish local governments’ response to COVID-19
Authors: Gangneux Justine , Joss Simon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The response to the COVID-19 pandemic has, from the outset, been characterized by a strong focus on real-time data intelligence and the use of data-driven technologies. Against this backdrop, this article investigates the impacts of the pandemic on Scottish local government’s data practices and, in turn, whether the crisis acted as a driver for digital transformation. Mobilizing the literatures on digital government transformation, and on the impacts of crises on public administrations, the article provides insights into the dynamics of digital transformation during a heightened period of acute demands on the public sector. The research evidences an intensification of public sector data use and sharing in Scottish local authorities, with focus on health-related data and the integration of existing datasets to gather local intelligence. The research reveals significant changes related to the technical and social systems of local government organizations. These include the repurposing and adoption of information systems, the acceleration of inter and intraorganizational data sharing processes, as well as changes in ways of working and in attitudes toward data sharing and collaborations. Drawing on these findings, the article highlights the importance of identifying and articulating specific data needs in relation to concrete policy questions in order to render digital transformation relevant and effective. The article also points to the need of addressing the persistent systemic challenges underlying public sector data engagement through, on one hand, sustained investment in data capabilities and infrastructures and, on the other, support for cross-organizational collaborative spaces and networks.
Light absorption and albedo reduction by pigmented microalgae on snow and ice
Authors: Chevrollier Lou-Anne , Cook Joseph M. , Halbach Laura , Jakobsen Hans , Benning Liane G. , Anesio Alexandre M. , Tranter Martyn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPigmented microalgae inhabiting snow and ice environments lower the albedo of glacier and ice-sheet surfaces, significantly enhancing surface melt. Our ability to accurately predict their role in glacier and ice-sheet surface mass balance is limited by the current lack of empirical data to constrain their representation in predictive models. Here we present new empirical optical properties for snow and ice algae and incorporate them in a radiative transfer model to investigate their impact on snow and ice surface albedo. We found ice algal cells to be more efficient absorbers than snow algal cells, but their blooms had comparable impact on surface albedo due to the different photic conditions of their habitats. We then used the model to reconstruct the effect of ice algae on bare ice albedo spectra collected at our field site in southern Greenland, where blooms dropped the albedo locally by between 3 and 43%, equivalent to 1–10 L m$^{-2}$ d$^{-1}$ of melted ice. Using the newly parametrized model, future studies could investigate biological albedo reduction and algal quantification from remote hyperspectral and multispectral imagery.
On environmental justice, Part I: an intuitive conservation dilemma
Authors: Mazor Joseph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article introduces an intuitive conservation dilemma called the Canyon Dilemma: Is it possible to condemn the mining of the Grand Canyon, even by a poor generation, while also permitting this generation’s mining of an unremarkable small canyon? It then argues that not one of several prominent theories of environmental justice, including various forms of egalitarianism, welfarism, deep-ecological theories, communitarianism and free-market environmentalism, can navigate this dilemma. The article concludes by highlighting the dilemma-navigating potential of the equal-claims idea – the idea that the natural world is something to which every human being, present and future, has an equal, substantive claim.
Petrostructural and Geochronological Constraints on Devonian Extension‐Shortening Cycle in the Chinese Altai: Implications for Retreating‐Advancing Subduction
Authors: Kong Lingzhu , Jiang Yingde , Schulmann Karel , Zhang Jian , Weinberg Roberto F. , Sun Min , Wang Sheng , Shu Tan , Ning Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStructural and metamorphic effects of a Devonian extension‐shortening cycle in the NW Chinese Altai were investigated using combined structural‐petrological analysis and zircon and monazite U‐Pb geochronology. Structural observations revealed a ubiquitous, sub‐horizontal metamorphic fabric (S1), which was originally sub‐parallel with horizontal bedding (S0) of supracrustal Devonian volcanic‐sedimentary basins. This metamorphic fabric is defined by a sillimanite‐bearing migmatitic gneissosity associated with extensional shear bands and a cordierite‐bearing schistosity in the orogenic lower and middle crust, respectively. Staurolite relics preserved in the S1 fabric are interpreted as relics of older, higher pressure Barrovian‐type metamorphism. These structural‐metamorphic features are correlated with decompression and heating and interpreted as reflecting a crustal‐scale extensional phase. S1 was folded to form N‐S‐oriented upright antiforms cored by migmatites and locally transposed by steep S2 foliation during a ∼W‐E‐directed shortening (in current coordinates). Andalusite and cordierite overgrew the migmatitic S2 foliation attesting to decreasing pressure associated with vertical extrusion of migmatites in cores of F2 antiforms. New U‐Pb age data from subhorizontally foliated migmatites suggest that the D1 extension started at least before ∼410 Ma. Age data of syn‐D2 granite intrusions and dykes constrain the D2 shortening starting soon after D1 extension and ending at ∼378 Ma. Combined with regional data, cycles of extensional and contractional tectonic regimes can be defined, which also show eastward migration along‐strike of the Altai range. Such extension‐shortening cycles could result from alternating retreating and advancing subduction, which governed the evolution of the Altai accretionary system from the Ordovician until the Carboniferous.
Reconciling and Improving Formulations for Thermodynamics and Conservation Principles in Earth System Models (ESMs)
Authors: Lauritzen P. H. , Kevlahan N. K.‐R. , Toniazzo T. , Eldred C. , Dubos T. , Gassmann A. , Larson V. E. , Jablonowski C. , Guba O. , Shipway B. , Harrop B. E. , Lemarié F. , Tailleux R. , Herrington A. R. , Large W. , Rasch P. J. , Donahue A. S. , Wan H. , Conley A. , Bacmeister J. T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive derivation of the total energy equations for the atmospheric components of Earth System Models (ESMs). The assumptions and approximations made in this derivation are motivated and discussed. In particular, it is emphasized that closing the energy budget is conceptually challenging and hard to achieve in practice without resorting to ad hoc fixers. As a concrete example, the energy budget terms are diagnosed in a realistic climate simulation using a global atmosphere model. The largest total energy errors in this example are spurious dynamical core energy dissipation, thermodynamic inconsistencies (e.g., coupling parameterizations with the host model) and missing processes/terms associated with falling precipitation and evaporation (e.g., enthalpy flux between components). The latter two errors are not, in general, reduced by increasing horizontal resolution. They are due to incomplete thermodynamic and dynamic formulations. Future research directions are proposed to reconcile and improve thermodynamics formulations and conservation principles.
The role of genetic predisposition in cardiovascular risk after cancer diagnosis: a matched cohort study of the UK Biobank
Authors: Yang Huazhen , Zeng Yu , Chen Wenwen , Sun Yajing , Hu Yao , Ying Zhiye , Wang Junren , Qu Yuanyuan , Fang Fang , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur A. , Song Huan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Evidence is scarce regarding the potential modifying role of disease susceptibility on the association between a prior cancer diagnosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
We conducted a matched cohort study of UK Biobank including 78,860 individuals with a cancer diagnosis between January 1997 and January 2020, and 394,300 birth year and sex individually matched unexposed individuals. We used Cox model to assess the subsequent relative risk of CVD, which was further stratified by individual genetic predisposition.

Results
During nearly 23 years of follow-up, an elevated risk of CVD was constantly observed among cancer patients, compared to their matched unexposed individuals. Such excess risk was most pronounced (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.90–5.69) within 3 months after a cancer diagnosis, which then decreased rapidly and stabilised for >6 months (HR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.19–1.24). For all the studied time periods, stratification analyses by both levels of polygenic risk score for CVD and by family history of CVD revealed higher estimates among individuals with lower genetic risk predisposition.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that patients with a recent cancer diagnosis were at an increased risk of multiple types of CVD and the excess CVD risk was higher among individuals with lower genetic susceptibility to CVD, highlighting a general need for enhanced psychological assistance and clinical surveillance of CVD among newly diagnosed cancer patients.
How do women who are informed that they are at increased risk of breast cancer appraise their risk? A systematic review of qualitative research
Authors: Woof Victoria G. , Howell Anthony , McWilliams Lorna , Gareth Evans D. , French David P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review aimed to synthesise qualitative research on how women notified that they are at increased risk of breast cancer view their risk. Five electronic databases were systematically reviewed for qualitative research investigating how women who have received an increased breast cancer risk estimate appraise their risk status. Fourteen records reporting 12 studies were included and critically appraised. Data were thematically synthesised.Four analytical themes were generated. Women appraise their risk of breast cancer through comparison with their risk of other familial diseases. Clinically derived risk estimates were understood in relation to pre-conceived risk appraisals, with incongruences met with surprise. Family history is relied upon strongly, with women exploring similarities and differences in attributes between themselves and affected relatives to gauge the likelihood of diagnosis. Women at increased risk reported living under a cloud of inevitability or uncertainty regarding diagnosis, resulting in concerns about risk management. Women hold stable appraisals of their breast cancer risk which appear to be mainly formed through their experiences of breast cancer in the family. Healthcare professionals should explore women’s personal risk appraisals prior to providing clinically derived risk estimates in order to address misconceptions, reduce concerns about inevitability and increase perceived control over risk reduction.
A neural correlate of perceptual segmentation in macaque middle temporal cortical area
Authors: Clark Andrew M. , Bradley David C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh-resolution vision requires fine retinal sampling followed by integration to recover object properties. Importantly, accuracy is lost if local samples from different objects are intermixed. Thus, segmentation, grouping of image regions for separate processing, is crucial for perception. Previous work has used bi-stable plaid patterns, which can be perceived as either a single or multiple moving surfaces, to study this process. Here, we report a relationship between activity in a mid-level site in the primate visual pathways and segmentation judgments. Specifically, we find that direction selective middle temporal neurons are sensitive to texturing cues used to bias the perception of bi-stable plaids and exhibit a significant trial-by-trial correlation with subjective perception of a constant stimulus. This correlation is greater in units that signal global motion in patterns with multiple local orientations. Thus, we conclude the middle temporal area contains a signal for segmenting complex scenes into constituent objects and surfaces.
Flexible iontronics based on 2D nanofluidic material
Authors: Wei Di , Yang Feiyao , Jiang Zhuoheng , Wang Zhonglin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIontronics focuses on the interactions between electrons and ions, playing essential roles in most processes across physics, chemistry and life science. Osmotic power source as an example of iontronics, could transform ion gradient into electrical energy, however, it generates low power, sensitive to humidity and can’t operate under freezing point. Herein, based on 2D nanofluidic graphene oxide material, we demonstrate an ultrathin (∼10 µm) osmotic power source with voltage of 1.5 V, volumetric specific energy density of 6 mWh cm−3 and power density of 28 mW cm−3, achieving the highest values so far. Coupled with triboelectric nanogenerator, it could form a self-charged conformable triboiontronic device. Furthermore, the 3D aerogel scales up areal power density up to 1.3 mW cm−2 purely from ion gradient based on nanoconfined enhancement from graphene oxide that can operate under −40 °C and overcome humidity limitations, enabling to power the future implantable electronics in human-machine interface.