bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Insecticides for Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs in Kentucky, 1983
Authors: Potter D. A. , Gordon F. C. , Cockfield S. D. , Arnold T. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The main study (Test 1) was conducted in an irrigated Kentucky bluegrass fairway in Lexington, Ky. The initial infestation level was about eight third-stage beetle grubs per ft . Thatch accumulation was negligible and temperature at the time of treatment (9 a.m., 31 Aug.) was 85°C, with sunny skies and almost no wind. The experimental design was a RCB with four replications. Individual plots were 6 by 9 ft with a 1-ft boundary between all plots. Granular materials were mixed with sand and hand shaken over the plots. Liquid formulations were mixed with water at the proper rates and applied with a low volume CO2 sprayer equipped with four Spraying System 730308 Tee Jet nozzles operated at 30 lb/in2. After all treatments were applied, the entire site was irrigated with about 1.5 in. of water using the golf course sprinkler system. The pH of the water used for mixing sprays and for irrigation was 6.2. Surviving grubs were sampled after 9 and 28 days by cutting a 1 by 7-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter, and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Because the variances were proportional to the squares of the treatment means, a logarithmic transformation was used before ANOVA. The actual means for the grub counts are reported in the table. To confirm the relative effectiveness of Diazinon vs. Mocap, a second test (Test 2) was conducted in another, heavily infested fairway (ca. 18 grubs/ft2). Plots were 9 by 9 ft and were treated on 12 Sep. Methods of application, irrigation, sampling and data analysis were as described above. The plots were sampled 15 days after treatment (DAT).
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Fushift, 1982
Authors: Davidson John H. , Raupp Michael J. , Wilson Alvin M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five, 6-in pots containing five, 24-in Fushia shoots were heavily infested with the greenhouse whitefly. Each plot was randomly assigned to one of five treatments and the whiteflies were counted on the terminal five leaves of each shoot. Sprays were applied with a compressed air sprayer until the plants dripped. The ambient temperature at the time of the spray was 82°F. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 1 week and the number of living whiteflies on the terminal five leaves were recounted.
Oak Lecanium Control on Pin Oak, 1982
Authors: Davidson John A. , Raupp Michael J. , Wilson Alvin M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five pin oaks 20 ft high, heavily infested with the oak lecanium were selected for this test. One leaf was randomly selected at each of six points around each tree. The settled nymphs were counted on each leaf and each leaf was marked for postspray count recognition. Applications were made on 4 Sep., between 3:00 and 6:00 p.m. The ambient temperature was 80°F with clear sky. Foliar spray was applied to run-off with a compression sprayer. Postspray counts were made on 25 Sep. Marked leaves were examined in the lab with a stereomicroscope. Brown, shriveled, easily removed nymphs were considered dead. Live nymphs are light green with a dark median stripe.
Taxus, Black Vine Weevil Larvicide Drench Test, Wooster, Ohio, 1983
Authors: Dunlap M. J. , Nielsen D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rooted taxiis cuttings were obtained from an Ohio nursery and planted in 1-gal pots containing three parts peat and one part sand on 6 Sep. Pots were moved to a greenhouse on 23 Sep. to maintain good root growth. Two months later, black vine weevil eggs were collected from adults held in a rearing room at 22°C and 90% RH. One-hundred brown eggs were placed near the root systems one in. below the soil surface. One pint of insecticidal solution was applied to each previously irrigated pot on 11 Mar. 1983. Some treatments included a low (8 oz) or high (32 oz/100 gal water) rate of Aqua Gro, a spreader-sticker. Before and after treatment, each pot was watered Mon., Wed., and Fri. until 18 and 19 Apr. , when containers were inspected for larvae.
Phytotoxicity Tests on Wandering Jew Plants, Massachusetts Greenhouse, 1983
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R.A.S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
“Variegata” wandering Jew plants were treated on 12 Jan. and again on 16 Feb. with five different insecticides (two or three rates of each). Plants were grown in 10-cm pots and had been trimmed so no shoot exceeded 20 cm in length. Four plants were treated for each material (and rate) tested, and plants were then placed randomly on a greenhouse bench. All materials except oxamyl were applied as foliar sprays and applied to runoff with a CO2 powered sprayer delivering 38 lb/in2. Oxamyl was preweighed in the laboratory and applied directly to the soil with a small spoon.
Apple, Poll Season Insecticide Evaluations, 1983
Authors: Townsend H. G. , Millington W. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticide treatments were applied with a handgun on 26 Apr., 16 May, 25 May, 9 Jun., 29 Jun., 11 Aug., and 6 Sept. Single-tree treatments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. Mites were evaluated by brushing 10 leaf samples onto glass plates. WAA was evaluated by counting infested shoots per tree on 24 Aug. All other insect damage was evaluated from harvest samples of 200 fruit taken on 5 Oct.
Efficacy of Hydroprene on Field Populations of German Cockroaches, 1982
Authors: Runstrom E. S. , Bennett S. G. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were aimed at determining the effectiveness of EC and total release aerosol formulations of Hydroprene, an insect growth regulator, as used alone and in combination with insecticides for German cockroaches. Low-income apartments were treated and monitored from May 1982 to August 1983. Aqueous formulations were applied at 1 gal/1,000 ft2 using a compressed air sprayer. Total release aerosols were applied at 2 oz/1,000 ft3 and 1 oz/1,000 ft3 for hydroprene and Fogasect insecticide fogger formulations, respectively. Populations were monitored over the course of the experiment by assessing visual and trap counts in the kitchen and all bathrooms at each evaluation period. All treatments were monitored for 1 year after the initial application.
Activity of Insecticides Against the Smokybrown Cockroach, 1983
Authors: Appel A. G. , Rust M. K. , Reierson D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The activity of 18 insecticides was determined in continuous exposure tests against P. fuliginosa. Discs of Whatman No. 1 filter paper inserted inside 9-cm diam glass petri dishes were treated with 0.5 ml of liquid or 1 cc of dust. All deposits were dried 24 h before being tested. The inside walls of the dishes were coated with Teflon T-30B emulsion to confine the insects to the deposits. Four replicates of 10 males each were evaluated for each insecticide. Tests were conducted at 25°C, 40 ± 10% RH. Knockdown (KD) in each replicate was observed periodically to calculate the mean KT-100. The insects were considered KD when they could not right themselves within 2 min.
Comparison of Ficam and Ectrin Ear Tags for Face Fly and Horn Fly Control, 1983
Authors: Herald F. , Knapp F. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five cow-calf herds were used for comparing the effectiveness of 10, 15 and 20% Ficam (bendiocarb) ear tags with 8% Ectrin ear tags in controlling face flies and horn flies on pastured cattle. Cows in each treatment herd were tagged with 2 tags/hd during the first wk of June; calves were not tagged. Face flies were counted on the face of 10 cows/herd and horn fly numbers on one side of the same cows were estimated. The 20% Ficam treatment was terminated prematurely because of a change in the management of the cattle.
Guardian Ear Tags and Ectrin Ear Tags for Horn Fly Control in Wyoming, 1983
Authors: Watson D. W. , Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental cattle were 60 Hereford cows, 19 heifers, and 52 calves divided into three groups: (1) the untreated group of 10 cows, 10 calves, and 4 yearling heifers; (2) 10 cows and 5 heifers treated with 2 Ectrin ear tags plus 10 untreated calves; and (3) 40 cows and 10 heifers treated with 2 Guardian ear tags plus 32 untreated calves. Ectrin ear tags were 10-g tags containing 8% fenvalerate; Guardian tags wre 10-g tags made of PVC impregnated with 7.5% flucythrinate.
Pear: Pest Control, 1983
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty-year-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 lb/in2 to evaluate pesticides for control of pear pests. Plots consisted of five two-tree replicates in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated for pear psylla control by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-week intervals. Adults were counted by taking five beating-tray samples per rep. Nymphs were counted from 50-leaf samples per rep. The proximal, distal, and three leaves from between were collected from each of 10 randomly selected shoots. Phytophagous mites were counted from the same leaf samples but mite data are presented for only those dates when populations were dense enough to show differences between treatments. Leaf samples were brushed and resulting slides were examined using a dissecting microscope. Two 10-fruit samples per rep were weighed and tested for firmness with a penetrometer. Soluble solids were measured with a refractometer on samples of the combined juice of each lot of 10 fruit. Pear psylla russet and pear rust mite russet were rated according to US grade standards for fresh market Bartlett pears on samples of 25 fruit per rep. Fruit and foliage were examined for phytotoxicity after each spray date.
Control of Leafhopper on Concord Grapes, 1983
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. , Muza Andrew J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in an established Concord grape vineyard in North East, Pa. Plots consisted of three vines in a row replicated four times in a randomized block design. Vine spacing was 9 ft between rows and 8 ft within rows. Sprays were applied on 12 Aug. using a 6-gal True-Test plant sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic vineyard sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 lb/in2. Sprays were applied to runoff resulting in approximately 200 gal of spray per acre. Triton AG-98 was the spreader sticker used at a rate of 2 oz per 100 gal in all treatments. The treatments were evaluated by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs on each of 10 injured leaves selected at random per plot.
Apple, Plant Bug Control, 1983
Authors: Forsythe H.Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied to 22-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 100 lbs/in2 at 250 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 12 May (pre-pink) and 14 May (pink). Materials were applied on dates as noted in table. The standard fungicide program consisted of Captan 80W (1.4 lb) on 6 May, and Polyram 80W (1.4-2 lb) on 12 May, 19 May, and 5 June. There were four single-tree replications. A randomized complete block design was used. On 11 Sept. 0.75 box of apples was picked from each tree and about 410 apples were examined per treatment on 17 Sept. for typical feeding injuries by the tarnished plant bug.
Candidate Fumigants for Control of Caribbean Fruit Fly, 1981-1982
Authors: Benschoter C. A. , King J. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The chemical compounds listed below were tested for effectiveness as fumigants against mature fruit fly larvae. Ethylene dibromide was used as the standard for comparison. All compounds were reagent grade (99% pure) or better. Fumigation containers were 3.8 liter widemouth glass jars with teflon-lined, screw-cap lids. An open petri dish containing 200 naked larvae was placed in each jar. Test chemicals were then pipetted onto 11-cm filter papers, placed in the jars with the insects. The lids were fastened in place. Jars were placed on their sides to minimize settling effects. All tests were conducted at 24°C and 50% RH. After exposure, larvae were placed in moist vermiculite, held at 27°C, and allowed to complete development. Survival was based on the number of insects that reached the adult stage. A two-phase testing procedure was used to evaluate the chemicals. The first phase was designed to eliminate compounds that were not effective at high dosage-time combinations, and involved exposure of larvae to 16, 32, and 64 g/m3 for 4 h. High mortality in the initial tests qualified compounds for second-phase testing. This involved exposing larvae to a series of lower dosages for only 2 h, so LD values could be determined. Data were first corrected for natural mortality in the controls by Abbott’s formula. Then probit mortality was plotted against the logarithm of dosage and examined by eye to determine that linear regression was appropriate. Data were subjected to a computer programmed probit analysis to estimate LD50, LD95, and LD99 dosages.
Citrus Red Mite Control (CRM) 1983
Authors: Childers Carl C. , Sorrell Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated four times on single-potted trees in the greenhouse. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand sprayer at 40 to 50 lb/in2 on 12 Apr. Three leaves from the spring flush on each potted tree were flagged and total leaf counts of living motile spider mites were taken. A stereomicroscope was used to examine the entire upper and lower surfaces of each attached leaf. The count of each attached leaf was recorded as one observation. Water pH was 7.4.
Rust Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1983
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental SLJ-0312, MK-936 + Gulf Spray Oil, Advantage, and Advantage + Ethion were compared to several standard acaricides for efficacy against citrus rust mite (CRM). A 22-year-old grapefruit orchard (16 by 22 ft spacing) was utilized; treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with two replicates, each consisting of 2 rows of 13 trees, i.e. 52 trees per treatment. Applications were made on 17 May by commercial air blast sprayer at 1 mph with nozzling and pressure adjusted for a spray volume of 250 gal/acre. At each count date 50 fruit per replicate were randomly selected and examined in situ with a 10X hand lens. All CRM were counted in two, 1 cm2 lens fields on the shaded side of each fruit. At harvest, 100 fruit per replicate were evaluated for CRM damage and expressed as percent russet, i.e. fruit surface damage severe enough to be downgraded to US #2 fresh or process fruit.
Broad Mite Control on Lemons in California, 1983
Authors: Morse J.G. , Nishio-Wong J.Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were tested for control of broad mite populations in a 15-year-old commercial lemon grove (120 trees per acre) in Oxnard, Calif. Treatments were applied 27 July to 6 by 6 tree plots, using a Hardie hand-gun at 450 lb/in2 and approximately 1,000 gal/acre. Larger plots were treated 29 July with an AgTec 6013-5 speed sprayer (double head) at 100 gal/acre. The trees were sampled on each sample date by picking four small fruits (less than 1.5 in. diam.) from each of 16 trees in each plot and examining one field’s width of a 14X hand lens down the interior facing side of the fruit parallel to the stem for all motile life stages.
Apple, Mite Control, 1983
Authors: Hall F. R. , Alm S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test chemicals were applied to 19-year-old ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonathan’, and ‘Staymen’ apple trees planted 40 ft by 40 ft apart, as dilute sprays (270-300 gal/acre). We used a randomized design with three replications. Applications were made with a handgun at 450 lbs/in2 on 17 Aug. Mite populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of the tree, and brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Tween 20 in the laboratory.
Foliar Sprays to Control Corn Earworms in Lima Beans, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lima beans were planted in four-row plots, 35 ft long on 29 Jun. 1983. Each two-row treatment plot was buffered on either side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Spray treatments were applied on 30 Aug.; 6, 12, and 19 Sept. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each of the center two rows was covered by three drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in3. The soil type was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Plots were rated on 13 Sept. by harvesting 100 pods per treatment per replication and recording the percent pods with corn earworm injury. Yields were also taken 22 Sept. by harvesting a 20 ft section of row for each treatment in each replication. The beans were run through a commercial viner and the pounds shelled weight were recorded.
Reimagining diaspora diplomacy during the COVID-19 crisis in India
Authors: Jindal Rahul M , Baines Lyndsay S , Mehjabeen Deena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Diasporas are organized groups motivated by common cultural, ideological, political and religious values and common concerns for their countries of origin. Diaspora diplomacy has gained prominence worldwide, particularly in India, spurred by harrowing images of deaths and devastation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A new generation of diaspora professionals modeled as social entrepreneurs uses collaborative and non-profit models to establish relationships with their counterparts to facilitate medical services and research. Teleradiology and telepsychiatry facilitate communication between diaspora members and their counterparts. We propose a common telehealth platform to standardize advice given by the Indian diaspora in the Global North as protocols change rapidly in acute pandemics. Consideration should be given to the well-known digital divide in India and other low- and middle-income countries. We advocate for diaspora members to train themselves in the art of global health diplomacy, to promote transparency and accountability in the collection of funds and a mandatory provision of outcome measurement by independent monitors rather than through social media. In the long run, Indian-Americans should play an active role in strengthening the domain of public health, which has historically been neglected in India, by focusing on the country's long-term infrastructure needs. The lessons learned from various diaspora efforts should be independently evaluated and recorded as best practice for future pandemics and humanitarian crises.
Iteratively Digitizing an Analogue Syllable-Based Reading Intervention
Authors: Riedmann Anna , Schaper Philipp , Donnermann Melissa , Lein Martina , Steinhaeusser Sophia C , Karageorgos Panagiotis , Müller Bettina , Richter Tobias , Lugrin Birgit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reading is an essential ability and a cornerstone of education. However, learning to read can be challenging for children. To scaffold young learners, a number of reading interventions were developed, including a syllable-based approach in German, which has proven to be successful, but resource and time consuming through individual interaction by educators. To improve the reach of the reading intervention, we present the first step towards a digital intervention, following an iterative design approach. In this contribution, we present the implementation of a digital prototype, developed with the feedback of expert evaluations, as well as an interview study with second graders. The results of interviews with children showed that the app is suitable to be applied in the target age group, that children had fun using it and were motivated to further do so. In a next step towards a meaningful digitalization of the analogue intervention, we extended the application based on the evaluation results and conducted a usability evaluation of the extended app. The study as well as the usability evaluation provides design implications for iteratively transferring the analogue concept into a digital application.
Treatment Beliefs of Children and Adolescents With Chronic Diseases: Development of the Rehabilitation Treatment Beliefs Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Metzner Gloria , Höhn Cindy , Nau Anne , Sehlbrede Matthias , Waldeck Edith , Glattacker Manuela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Rehabilitation is an important component in the health care of children and adolescents with chronic diseases and aims at supporting patients’ self-regulation for dealing with the disease. Patients’ beliefs about illness and treatment are core elements in the self-regulation process. While questionnaires measuring illness beliefs for children and adolescents exist, questionnaires about their rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs are lacking. We therefore developed a questionnaire to assess the rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs of children and adolescents with chronic diseases (Rehabilitation Treatment Beliefs Questionnaire, RTBQ) and tested its psychometric properties.

Methods
Ahead of their rehabilitation, children and adolescents, aged 12–17 years, answered 129 items, which were developed based on previous qualitative findings exploring children and adolescents’ rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs. Psychometric testing included item analyses, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency and bivariate correlations of the extracted scales, and the discriminatory power and difficulty of the final items.

Results
The sample consisted of 170 participants with a mean age of 14.3 years (SD = 1.6); 53.5% were female. After item analyses, 47 items remained for the exploratory factor analysis which revealed 22 items allocated to 4 scales: “expectations of communication and interaction,” “expectations of the treatment process,” “expectations of treatment success and sustainability,” and “expectations of one’s own role in the rehabilitation process.” The psychometric properties were acceptable to good.

Conclusions
The RTBQ assesses various dimensions of rehabilitation-related treatment beliefs of children and adolescents with chronic diseases. While first psychometric results are promising, further psychometric testing is needed.
Intramuscular myxoma of the biceps brachii muscle: a case report
Authors: Pankratjevaite Lina , Christensen Louise Fischer , Pranckevicius Tadas , Razbadauskiene Sigita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intramuscular myxoma (IM) is a rare benign tumour. It may occur at any age but most commonly occurs among older women. The preoperative diagnosis of IM is complicated. The diagnosis can only be definitively established by histopathological examination. The treatment of choice is radical surgical excision. We report a case of a 41-year-old woman with an IM of the biceps brachii muscle.
The diverse roles of histone 2B monoubiquitination in the life of plants
Authors: Zarreen Fauzia , Karim Mir Jishan , Chakraborty Supriya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Covalent modification of histones is an important tool for gene transcriptional control in eukaryotes, which coordinates growth, development, and adaptation to environmental changes. In recent years, an important role for monoubiquitination of histone 2B (H2B) has emerged in plants, where it is associated with transcriptional activation. In this review, we discuss the dynamics of the H2B monoubiquitination system in plants and its role in regulating developmental processes including flowering, circadian rhythm, photomorphogenesis, and the response to abiotic and biotic stress including drought, salinity, and fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Furthermore, we highlight the crosstalk between H2B monoubiquitination and other histone modifications which fine-tunes transcription and ensures developmental plasticity. Finally, we put into perspective how this versatile regulatory mechanism can be developed as a useful tool for crop improvement.