bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost-of-living index in a cash and credit goods economy
Authors: Shirota Toyoichiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study constructs a cost-of-living index in a cash-credit goods economy. I first argue that the conventional cost-of-living index entails internal inconsistency when applied to the cash-credit goods economy and then develop an internally consistent cost-of-living index. This new index suggests that the interest rate directly affects the cost of living, and that its effect is asymmetric. Applying the index to the US data for the past 20 years suggests that this effect on the aggregate price index is quantitatively nonnegligible.
Carbon Loss Pathways in Degraded Peatlands: New Insights From Radiocarbon Measurements of Peatland Waters
Authors: Evans Martin G. , Alderson Danielle M. , Evans Chris D. , Stimson Andrew , Allott Timothy E. H. , Goulsbra Claire , Worrall Fred , Crouch Tia , Walker Jonathan , Garnett Mark H. , Rowson James 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPeatland carbon stores are under widespread anthropogenic pressure, resulting in degradation and carbon loss. This paper presents DO14C (Dissolved Organic Carbon) dates from waters draining two eroded blanket peatland catchments in the UK. Both catchments are characterized by severe gully erosion but one additionally has extensive surface erosion on unvegetated surfaces. DO14C values ranged from 104.3 to 88.6 percent modern (present to 976 Before Present). The oldest DOC dates came from the catchment characterized by both gully and surface erosion and are among the oldest reported from waters draining temperate peatlands. Together with peat age‐depth data from across the peatland landscape, the DO14C ages identify where in the peat profile carbon loss is occurring. Source depths were compared with modeled water table data indicating that in the catchment where gully erosion alone dominated, mean water table was a key control on depth of DOC production. In the system exhibiting both gully erosion and surface erosion, DOC ages were younger than expected from the age of surficial peats and measured water tables. This may indicate either that the old organic matter exposed at the surface by erosion is less labile or that there are modifications of hydrological flow pathways. Our data indicate that eroded peatlands are losing carbon from depth, and that erosion form may be a control on carbon loss. Our approach uses point measurements of DO14C to indicate DOC source depths and has the potential to act as an indicator of peatland function in degraded and restored systems.
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Dynamics in a Peatland Headwater Stream: Origins, Processes and Implications
Authors: Taillardat Pierre , Bodmer Pascal , Deblois Charles P. , Ponçot Alex , Prijac Antonin , Riahi Khawla , Gandois Laure , del Giorgio Paul A. , Bourgault Marc André , Tremblay Alain , Garneau Michelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFirst‐order streams flowing through peatlands receive, carry and transform large amounts of organic carbon, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) but remain poorly documented. The objectives of this study were to (a) identify the origins of CO2 and CH4 (thereafter C‐GHG for carbon greenhouse gases) in a peatland headwater stream, (b) determine the environmental factors driving C‐GHG export and emissions, and (c) quantify C‐GHG losses from this system and discuss its implications. Data were collected from eight sampling sites along a 3 km boreal peatland headwater stream (Eastern Canada) over the growing seasons 2019 and 2020. The studied stream was oversaturated in pCO2 [min: 2,044; max: 23,306 μatm] and pCH4 [14; 17,614 μatm]. A mass balance model showed that ∼81% of in‐stream CO2 originated from porewater seepage while the remaining 17% and 2% originated from in‐stream productivity and methane oxidation, respectively. Porewater seepage was concluded to be the primary source of CH4. Seasonal dissolved C‐GHG concentrations were negatively correlated with the peatland water table depth, suggesting an active release of carbon‐rich peat porewater during the base flow. Nevertheless, greater C‐GHG losses occurred during stormflow periods which acted as pulses with most of the C‐GHG being shunted downstream. The sum of C‐GHG export and emissions at our site was 8.08 gC m−2 y−1 with 86% being released to the atmosphere and 14% being exported downstream. Our study demonstrates that peatland headwater streams act as large sources of C‐GHG and that precipitation events and topography control the magnitude of the fluxes.
Vector Spherical Harmonics for Data‐Assimilative Neutral Wind Estimation
Authors: López Rubio Aurora , Datta‐Barua Seebany 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work we enable the data assimilation algorithm Estimating Model Parameters from Ionospheric Reverse Engineering (EMPIRE) to estimate global neutral winds. EMPIRE corrects the ion drifts and neutral winds from background models using electron density in the F region derived mainly from total electron content measurements. The new EMPIRE basis functions for the neutral winds are vector spherical harmonics, enforcing the field to be smooth and continuous globally. Global basis functions allow us to estimate the horizontal wind vector from time‐varying plasma densities. The geomagnetic storm on 25 October 2011 is studied to investigate the global implementation of neutral wind estimation. During this storm, the estimates are also compared to those of the old method of estimation using power series and to Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI) measurements for validation at three different sites: Pisgah, Cariri, and Nasca. The new global estimation is 10%–20% closer to the FPI measurements than the model and than the old method for most of the viewing directions of the sites, in terms of root‐mean‐square residuals. In the northward direction at Pisgah the estimates using either the old or new implementation disagree with the model, and might be related to an insufficiently small temporal scale used in EMPIRE.
Light People: Professor Yang Gao
Authors: Wang Hui 
Published: June 2022

EditorialThe safe return to earth of the Shenzhou-13 crew not only marks a perfect ending to a successful mission, but also reignited the public’s interest in the exploration of space. This month’s Light People features a true “Space Explorer”. In the past two decades, she has devoted to space robotics research and is recognized for advancing AI capabilities for future space missions. In addition, she has been actively promoting STEM through public outreach and setting role models to encourage women in STEM education and careers. She is Professor Yang Gao, winner of the Mulan Award 2019 in science and technology, a dedicated award to celebrate the achievements and success of Chinese women in the United Kingdom and wider. Prof. Gao is the Professor of Space Autonomous Systems at the University of Surrey’s Space Centre, and founding head of the STAR LAB which specializes in robotic sensing, perception, visual GNC, and biomimetic mechanisms for industrial applications in extreme environments. She is also Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Field Robotics, where she demonstrates leadership in serving the wider scientific community, strengthening academia-industry connections, and cultivating new generations of sci-tech talents. So what is Prof. Gao’s story with Light? What unique insights does she have on the subject of scientific research? Please sit back, fasten up your seatbelt, and follow Prof. Gao and Science Editor on a journey to outer space.
A nitrite-oxidising bacterium constitutively consumes atmospheric hydrogen
Authors: Leung Pok Man , Daebeler Anne , Chiri Eleonora , Hanchapola Iresha , Gillett David L , Schittenhelm Ralf B , Daims Holger , Greening Chris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidising bacteria (NOB) of the genus Nitrospira contribute to nitrification in diverse natural environments and engineered systems. Nitrospira are thought to be well-adapted to substrate limitation owing to their high affinity for nitrite and capacity to use alternative energy sources. Here, we demonstrate that the canonical nitrite oxidiser Nitrospira moscoviensis oxidises hydrogen (H2) below atmospheric levels using a high-affinity group 2a nickel-iron hydrogenase [Km(app) = 32 nM]. Atmospheric H2 oxidation occurred under both nitrite-replete and nitrite-deplete conditions, suggesting low-potential electrons derived from H2 oxidation promote nitrite-dependent growth and enable survival during nitrite limitation. Proteomic analyses confirmed the hydrogenase was abundant under both conditions and indicated extensive metabolic changes occur to reduce energy expenditure and growth under nitrite-deplete conditions. Thermodynamic modelling revealed that H2 oxidation theoretically generates higher power yield than nitrite oxidation at low substrate concentrations and significantly contributes to growth at elevated nitrite concentrations. Collectively, this study suggests atmospheric H2 oxidation enhances the growth and survival of NOB amid variability of nitrite supply, extends the phenomenon of atmospheric H2 oxidation to an eighth phylum (Nitrospirota), and reveals unexpected new links between the global hydrogen and nitrogen cycles. Long classified as obligate nitrite oxidisers, our findings suggest H2 may primarily support growth and survival of certain NOB in natural environments.
RUNDC3A regulates SNAP25-mediated chemotherapy resistance by binding AKT in gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (GNEC)
Authors: Chen Pengchen , Wang Wei , Wong Sin Wa , Li Junnan , Wu Qiushaung , Zhang Shu-Dong , Lin Yao , Kwok Hang Fai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (GNEC) is a common type of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in patients with GNEC and those with NEC are largely unknown, and thus, reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could improve treatment outcomes in patients with NECs are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify specific targets and investigate their roles in GNEC progression and treatment resistance. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in GNEC specimens and were further analysed by focusing on their roles in chemoresistance. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses of GNEC DEGs revealed that synapse-related function was the most prominent cellular function perturbed in GNEC. SNAP25 was identified as the target gene involved in most of the enriched pathways. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that SNAP25 plays a role in proliferation and chemoresistance in GNEC cell lines. AKT has been identified as a downstream target, and SNAP25 binds to AKT protein and promotes AKT protein half-life. Further analysis of other types of NEC as well as small cell lung cancer, which resembles NEC on a molecular level, has identified RUNDC3A as an upstream molecule that regulates SNAP25 expression and the associated phenotypes that could enhance chemoresistance in NECs. Our results show that SNAP25 expression in GNEC is mediated by RUNDC3A and promotes GNEC progression and chemoresistance via posttranslational modification of AKT. Thus, our results suggest that the RUNDC3A/SNAP25/Akt axis could be a potential therapeutic target in GNEC.
Real-world treatment pattern and comprehensive comparative effectiveness of Endostar plus different chemotherapy in advanced patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Wei , Sun Wei , Li Wenhui , Gao Jin , Wang Hui , Zhou Wei , Liang Jing , Aa Lixiang , Wang Luhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecombinant human endostatin (Endostar) plus vinorelbine/cisplatin (NP) had been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). But the real-world treatment pattern and effectiveness of Endostar plus other combination chemotherapy, namely docetaxel/platinum (DP), gemcitabine/platinum (GP), pemetrexed/platinum (PP), and paclitaxel/platinum (TP) in both treatment-naïve and re-treatment patients with advanced NSCLC were still unclear. A retrospective observational study was conducted based on the electronic medical record (EMR) system and advanced patients with NSCLC were identified from 7 cancer hospitals in China from 2012 to 2019. These patients were divided into five groups, Endostar plus NP, Endostar plus DP, Endostar plus GP, Endostar plus PP, and Endostar plus TP groups. The disease control rate (DCR), overall response rate (ORR), and the progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Of the eligible 512 advanced patients with NSCLC, 10.35% were in Endostar plus NP group, while the numbers were 15.43%, 32.42%, 26.56%, 15.23% in Endostar plus DP group, Endostar plus GP group, Endostar plus PP group, and Endostar plus TP group, respectively. The ORRs were 31%, 28%, 22%, 41% and 27%, and the DCRs were 71%, 72%, 57%, 72% and 76%, respectively. The median of PFSs for the above groups were 7.9, 6.8, 5.6, 13.7, and 5.4 months. Compared with Endostar plus NP group, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs of Endostar plus other chemotherapy were 1.86 (0.75–4.61), 2.15 (0.83–5.60), 1.33 (0.51–3.44), and 2.42 (0.86–6.81). This real-world study found the effectiveness of Endostar plus DP, Endostar plus GP, Endostar plus PP, and Endostar plus TP were of no statistically significant differences compared with Endostar plus NP and reflected the good effectiveness of Endostar plus different chemotherapy in advanced patients with NSCLC.
Effects of 3d transition metal impurities and vacancy defects on electronic and magnetic properties of pentagonal Pd2S4: competition between exchange splitting and crystal fields
Authors: Gholami Mojtaba , Golsanamlou Zahra , Rahimpour Soleimani H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we first investigate the electronic properties of the two-dimensional structure of dichalcogenide Pd2S4. These properties strongly depend on the crystal field splitting which can change by atomic vacancies (S and Pd vacancies). The main purpose of the present paper is to create remarkable magnetic properties in the system by adding 3d transition metal atoms where the presence of Mn, Cr, and Fe creates the exchange interaction in the system as well as change in the crystal field. The created magnetic properties strongly depend on the competition between exchange interaction and crystal field to separate the levels of d orbitals. In addition, the presence of the transition metals in the structures with S and Pd vacancy has been investigated carefully. The calculations demonstrate that we can achieve an extensive range of magnetic moment up to 3.131 $${\mu }_{B}$$

μ
B

. The maximum one is obtained in the presence of Mn and absence of sulfur while some of the doped structures does not have magnetic moment. Our results show that Pd vacancy in the presence of Cr, Mn and Fe metals increases the magnetic property of the Pd2S4 structure. The extensiveness and variety of the obtained properties can be used for different magnetic and non-magnetic applications.
Sink survey to investigate multidrug resistance pattern of common foodborne bacteria from wholesale chicken markets in Dhaka city of Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin Mst. Sonia , Ali Md. Yamin , Mandal Amit Kumar , Talukder Sudipta , Islam Md. Taohidul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) among foodborne bacteria is a well-known public health problem. A sink survey was conducted to determine the AMR pattern of common foodborne bacteria in cloacal swab of broiler chickens and sewage samples from five wholesale chicken markets of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified by culture-based and molecular methods, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance genes were identified by multiplex PCR and sequencing. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 93.2% of E. coli, 100% of Salmonella spp., and 97.2% of S. aureus from cloacal swab samples. For sewage samples, 80% of E. coli, and 100% of Salmonella and S. aureus showed MDR. Noteworthy, 8.3% of S. aureus from cloacal swab samples showed possible extensively drug resistance. Antimicrobial resistance genes (beta-lactamase—blaTEM, blaSHV; quinolone resistance gene—qnrS) were detected in a number of E. coli and Salmonella isolates from cloacal swab and sewage samples. The methicillin resistance gene (mecA) was detected in 47.2% and 25% S. aureus from cloacal swab and sewage samples, respectively. The findings envisage the potential public health risk and environmental health hazard through spillover of common foodborne MDR bacteria.
Let-7a mimic transfection reduces chemotherapy-induced damage in a mouse ovarian transplantation model
Authors: Alexandri Chrysanthi , Van Den Steen Geraldine , Demeestere Isabelle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPharmacological approaches offer a non-invasive and promising option for fertility preservation in young female cancer patients undergoing gonadotoxic therapy. The GnRH-agonists are the only clinically available drugs in this indication, but their use and mechanisms of protection are still controversial. Recently, we have investigated new targeted drugs based on microRNA (miRNA) replacement therapy, and have identified the let-7a miRNA as candidate for fertility preservation strategies. Here, the effect of let-7a replacement during chemotherapy exposure on follicular growth and oocyte maturation capacity was investigated using a mouse ovarian-kidney transplantation model. Newborn mouse ovaries were cultured under different conditions; control, chemotherapy exposure (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, 4-HC), and co-treatment with 4-HC and let-7a mimic transfection (4-HC + let-7a). The ovaries were then transplanted under the kidney capsule of recipient mice and follicular growth, survival, and oocyte in vitro maturation were assessed after 3 weeks. The results showed that the follicular pool was highest in the control group but higher in the 4-HC + let-7a group than the 4-HC group. DNA-damage/apoptosis ratios were higher in all 4-HC-exposed groups compared to control but were reduced in the 4-HC + let-7a group. In addition, the post-transplantation oocyte in vitro maturation rate was higher in the 4-HC + let-7a group compared to the 4-HC group, suggesting better oocyte quality. These results provide new information regarding the beneficial effects of let-7a replacement against chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage and open new perspectives for future in vivo applications.
Sub-Gbps key rate four-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution within metropolitan area
Authors: Wang Heng , Li Yang , Pi Yaodi , Pan Yan , Shao Yun , Ma Li , Zhang Yichen , Yang Jie , Zhang Tao , Huang Wei , Xu Bingjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContinuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) has potential advantages of high secret key rate, which is very suitable for high-speed metropolitan network application. However, the secret key rates of the reported CVQKD systems are only a few Mbps over typical transmission distance so far. Here, we address the fundamental experimental problems and demonstrate a single-carrier four-state CVQKD with sub-Gbps key rate within metropolitan area. In the demonstrated four-state CVQKD using local local oscillator, an ultra-low level of excess noise is obtained and a high efficient post-processing setup is designed for practically extracting the final secure keys. Thus, the achieved secret key rates are 190.54 Mbps, 137.76 Mbps and 52.48 Mbps using linear channel assuming security analysis method and 233.87 Mbps, 133.6 Mbps and 21.53 Mbps using semidefinite programming security analysis method over transmission distances of 5 km, 10 km and 25 km, respectively. This result increases the asymptotic secret key rate to sub-Gbps level, which is sufficient to achieve the one-time pad cryptographic task. Moreover, our work shows the road for future high-rate and large-scale CVQKD deployment in secure broadband metropolitan and access networks.
Minimal gene set discovery in single-cell mRNA-seq datasets with ActiveSVM
Authors: Chen Xiaoqiao , Chen Sisi , Thomson Matt 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSequencing costs currently prohibit the application of single-cell mRNA-seq to many biological and clinical analyses. Targeted single-cell mRNA-sequencing reduces sequencing costs by profiling reduced gene sets that capture biological information with a minimal number of genes. Here we introduce an active learning method that identifies minimal but highly informative gene sets that enable the identification of cell types, physiological states and genetic perturbations in single-cell data using a small number of genes. Our active feature selection procedure generates minimal gene sets from single-cell data by employing an active support vector machine (ActiveSVM) classifier. We demonstrate that ActiveSVM feature selection identifies gene sets that enable ~90% cell-type classification accuracy across, for example, cell atlas and disease-characterization datasets. The discovery of small but highly informative gene sets should enable reductions in the number of measurements necessary for application of single-cell mRNA-seq to clinical tests, therapeutic discovery and genetic screens.
The effect of notification window length on the epidemiological impact of COVID-19 contact tracing mobile applications
Authors: Leng Trystan , Hill Edward M. , Keeling Matt J. , Tildesley Michael J. , Thompson Robin N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe reduction in SARS-CoV-2 transmission facilitated by mobile contact tracing applications (apps) depends both on the proportion of relevant contacts notified and on the probability that those contacts quarantine after notification. The proportion of relevant contacts notified depends upon the number of days preceding an infector’s positive test that their contacts are notified, which we refer to as an app’snotification window.MethodsWe use an epidemiological model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission that captures the profile of infection to consider the trade-off between notification window length and active app use. We focus on 5-day and 2-day windows, the notification windows of the NHS COVID-19 app in England and Wales before and after 2nd August 2021, respectively.ResultsOur analyses show that at the same level of active app use, 5-day windows result in larger reductions in transmission than 2-day windows. However, short notification windows can be more effective at reducing transmission if they are associated with higher levels of active app use and adherence to isolation upon notification.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the importance of understanding adherence to interventions when setting notification windows for COVID-19 contact tracing apps.