bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic mismatch induced by warming decreases leaf litter decomposition by aquatic detritivores
Authors: Réveillon Tom , Rota Thibaut , Chauvet Éric , Lecerf Antoine , Sentis Arnaud 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The balance of energetic losses and gains is of paramount importance for understanding and predicting the persistence of populations and ecosystem processes in a rapidly changing world. Previous studies suggested that metabolic rate often increases faster with warming than resource ingestion rate, leading to an energetic mismatch at high temperature. However, little is known about the ecological consequences of this energetic mismatch for population demography and ecosystem functions.

Here, we combined laboratory experiments and modelling to investigate the energetic balance of a stream detritivore Gammarus fossarum along a temperature gradient and the consequences for detritivore populations and organic matter decomposition.

We experimentally measured the energetic losses (metabolic rate) and supplies (ingestion rate) of Gammarus and we modelled the impact of rising temperatures and changes in Gammarus body size induced by warming on population dynamics and benthic organic matter dynamics in freshwater systems.

Our experimental results indicated an energetic mismatch in a Gammarus population where losses via metabolic rate increase faster than supplies via food ingestion with warming, which translated in a decrease in energetic efficiency with temperature rising from 5 to 20°C. Moreover, our consumer–resource model predicts a decrease in the biomass of Gammarus population with warming, associated with lower maximum abundances and steeper abundance decreases after biomass annual peaks. These changes resulted in a decrease in leaf litter decomposition rate and thus longer persistence of leaf litter standing stock over years in the simulations. In addition, Gammarus body size reductions led to shorter persistence for both leaf litter and Gammarus biomasses at low temperature and the opposite trend at high temperature, revealing that body size reduction was weakening the effect of temperature on resource and consumer persistence.

Our model contributes to identifying the mechanisms that explain how thermal effects at the level of individuals may cascade through trophic interactions and influence important ecosystem processes. Considering the balance of physiological processes is crucial to improve our ability to predict the impact of climate change on carbon stocks and ecosystem functions.
Real‐world data on switching from intravenous to subcutaneous vedolizumab treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bergqvist Viktoria , Holmgren Johanna , Klintman Daniel , Marsal Jan 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackground and AimsVedolizumab is a gut‐selective treatment approved for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, a subcutaneous formulation of vedolizumab was approved. The aims of this study were to evaluate efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, patient experience and costs following a switch from intravenous to subcutaneous vedolizumab treatment.MethodsPatients were switched from intravenous to subcutaneous vedolizumab maintenance treatment and followed prospectively for 6 months and a subgroup for 12 months. The primary endpoint was change in faecal calprotectin levels. Furthermore, we evaluated clinical disease activity, remission rates, plasma CRP, drug persistence, adverse events, local injection reactions, serum drug concentrations, patient satisfaction, quality‐of‐life and treatment costs.ResultsEighty‐nine patients were included (48 CD; 41 UC). Faecal calprotectin decreased significantly in CD but not in UC. Clinical indices, remission rates, plasma CRP levels and quality‐of‐life scores remained unchanged. Patients that had been on standard compared to optimised IV vedolizumab dosing displayed similar outcomes on standard SC dosing. Drug persistence at 6 and 12 months was 95.5% and 88.5%, respectively. Frequencies of adverse events were similar before and after the switch. No serious adverse events occurred. Transient severe local injection reactions were experienced by 1.2% of patients. Median vedolizumab trough levels were 2.3 times higher on subcutaneous compared to intravenous treatment. Patient satisfaction was generally high. Annualised treatment costs were reduced by 15% following the switch.ConclusionsThe switch from intravenous to subcutaneous vedolizumab could be done with preserved therapeutic effectiveness, safety, high patient satisfaction and low discontinuation rate, at a reduced cost.
Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics of and treatment strategies for patients with long‐acting anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning
Authors: Guodong Lin , Jieyi Wu , Xiaobo Peng , Xiaoxia Lu , Zhongying Liu , Zhiguo Pan , Zewu Qiu , Jianguang Dong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveLong‐acting anticoagulant rodenticide (LAAR) poisoning remains a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of different LAARs and a method of making a decision on the VK1 treatment course and the time to stop VK1 treatment safely.MethodThis retrospective study compared the clinical characteristics of two LAARs poisoning patients and used multivariate regression method to explore the relationship between blood LAAR concentration and vitamin K1 dose/treatment time.ResultA total of 115 patients with LAAR poisoning were included in this study after screening. Of these, 50 patients attempted to commit suicide. The median LAAR concentration of the patients at admission was 409 (157–1174) ng/mL, and the VK1 treatment duration was 14 (8–34) days. The total VK1 treatment time in patients with LAAR poisoning was positively correlated with admission LAAR concentration. During the maintenance treatment period, the VK1 dosage was positively correlated with blood LAAR concentration.ConclusionLow dose of VK1 during the maintenance period is indicative of the blood LAAR concentration being relatively low. This provides a basis for judging the LAAR content in the body during the maintenance treatment period.
When is the optimal time to discharge patients after liver transplantation with respect to short‐term outcomes? A systematic review of the literature and expert panel recommendations
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Reichman Trevor W. , Olmos Andrea , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Mrzljak Anna , Spiro Michael , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Berlakovich Gabriela ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral factors associated with prolonged hospital stay have been described. A recent study demonstrated that hospital length of stay (LOS) is directly associated with an increased cost for liver transplantation (LT) and may be associated with greater mortality; however, the factors associated with post‐LT mortality are also related to a prolonged hospital stay, that is, those factors are confounders. Thus, the actual impact of the length of post‐LT hospital stay on both short‐term and long‐term patient and graft survival remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo identify the optimal time to discharge patients after LT with respect to short‐term outcomes; readmission rate, 30–90‐mortality and morbidity.MethodsSystematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Initial search keywords for screening were as follows; ((discharge AND (time OR “time point” OR “time‐point”)) OR “length of hospital stay” OR “length of stay”) AND ((liver OR hepatic) AND (transplant OR transplantation)). PROSPERO ID: CRD42021245598ResultsThe strength of recommendation was rated as Weak, and we did not identify the direction of recommendations regarding the optimal timing after LT concerning short‐term outcomes, including “Readmission rate,” six studies on 30‐ and/or 90‐day mortality, and five studies on “30‐ and/or 90‐day morbidity rate.”ConclusionsEvidence is scarce to judge the optimal timing to discharge patients after LT with respect to short‐term outcomes. In centers with robust outpatient follow‐up, discharge can occur safely as early as post‐transplant 6–8 days (Quality of Evidence [QOE]; Low | Grade of Recommendation; Weak).
Postpartum screening of women with GDM in specialised practices: Data from 12,991 women in the GestDiab register
Authors: Linnenkamp Ute , Greiner Gregory Gordon , Haastert Burkhard , Adamczewski Heinke , Kaltheuner Matthias , Weber Dietmar , Icks Andrea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes (GDM) in the short term is associated with various complications during pregnancy; however, in the long run, women have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, short‐ and long‐term follow‐up postpartum is recommended.MethodsWe assessed the proportion of postpartum diabetes screening among 12,991 women with their first GDM‐diagnosed pregnancy in the study period in the nationwide German GestDiab register between 2015 and 2017. In addition to assessing prevalence, we assessed if the probability of postpartum screening was associated with maternal characteristics or pregnancy outcomes.ResultsIn total, 38.2% (95% CI 32.8%–43.7%) of our sample underwent postpartum diabetes screening, irrespective of its timing. Around 50% of women (19.3% of the total sample) undertook the screening in the recommended time frame of 6–12 weeks postpartum. We found that age, native language, pre‐pregnancy BMI, smoking status, number of previous pregnancies, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels as well as previous pregnancies with GDM and treatment with insulin were associated with participation in the postpartum diabetes screening in our sample.ConclusionIn our study, more than 60% of the women with GDM did not participate in postpartum diabetes screening. This is a missed opportunity in a high‐risk population to detect glucose intolerance. Consequently, appropriate interventions to prevent the progression to T2DM cannot be initiated. Further research should investigate barriers and enabling factors and allow developing a multilevel approach for GDM postpartum care.
Ceratocystisand related genera causing wilt of Cunninghamia lanceolataYunnan, China
Authors: Li Xue , He Shuqi , Gao Yang , Xing Shijun , Ren Huan , Yang Hui , Gao Yating , Wang Jiangyin , Li Nengping , Duan Jinfeng , Yang Jing , Huang Qiong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpecies of Ceratocystis and allied genera are pathogens of many trees, including Cunninghamia lanceolata. During a survey of 2020, we found a serious wilt disease of C. lanceolata in Yunnan Province, China. Three different fungi resembling Ceratocystis and allied genera were consistently isolated from discoloured foliage and stems on C. lanceolata. Morphological and DNA sequence comparisons based on 60S and LSU gene regions showed that the pathogens were Ceratocystis and related species. We included 4 isolates identified as C. acaciivora = C. manginecans, 10 isolates identified as Berkeleyomyces basicola ≡ Thielaviopsis basicola, and 1 isolate identified as Chalaropsis sp., from 3 geographical locations. Pathogenicity tests on potted plants showed that all three species were pathogenic. To our knowledge, this is the first report Ceratocystis acaciivora,B. basicola and Chalaropsis sp. causing C. lanceolata wilt in China.
On the role of forests and the forest sector for climate change mitigation in Sweden
Authors: Petersson Hans , Ellison David , Appiah Mensah Alex , Berndes Göran , Egnell Gustaf , Lundblad Mattias , Lundmark Tomas , Lundström Anders , Stendahl Johan , Wikberg Per‐Erik 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe analyse the short‐ and long‐term consequences for atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations of forest management strategies and forest product uses in Sweden by comparing the modelled consequences of forest resource use vs. increased conservation at different levels of GHG savings from carbon sequestration and product substitution with bioenergy and other forest products. Increased forest set‐asides for conservation resulted in larger GHG reductions only in the short term and only when substitution effects were low. In all other cases, forest use was more beneficial. In all scenarios, annual carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration rates declined in conservation forests as they mature, eventually approaching a steady state. Forest set‐asides are thus associated with increasing opportunity costs corresponding to foregone wood production and associated mitigation losses. Substitution and sequestration rates under all other forest management strategies rise, providing support for sustained harvest and cumulative mitigation gains. The impact of increased fertilization was everywhere beneficial to the climate and surpassed the mitigation potential of the other scenarios. Climate change can have large—positive or negative—influence on outcomes. Despite uncertainties, the results indicate potentially large benefits from forest use for wood production. These benefits, however, are not clearly linked with forestry in UNFCCC reporting, and the European Union's Land Use, Land‐Use Change and Forestry carbon accounting, framework may even prevent their full realization. These reporting and accounting frameworks may further have the consequence of encouraging land set‐asides and reduced forest use at the expense of future biomass production. Further, carbon leakage and resulting biodiversity impacts due to increased use of more GHG‐intensive products, including imported products associated with deforestation and land degradation, are inadequately assessed. Considerable opportunity to better mobilize the climate change mitigation potential of Swedish forests therefore remains.
The response of dual‐species bacterial biofilm to 2% and 5% NaOCl mixed with etidronic acid: A laboratory real‐time evaluation using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Borges Mariana Maciel Batista , Dijkstra René J. B. , de Andrade Flaviana Bombarda , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Versluis Michel , van der Sluis Lucas W. M. , Petridis Xenos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe addition of etidronic acid (HEDP) to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) could increase the antibiofilm potency of the irrigant, whilst maintaining the benefits of continuous chelation. Studies conducted so far have shown that mixing HEDP with NaOCl solutions of relatively low concentration does not compromise the antibiofilm efficacy of the irrigant. However, the working lifespan of NaOCl may decrease resulting in a reduction of its antibiofilm efficacy over time (efficiency). In this regard, continuous irrigant replenishment needs to be examined. This study investigated the response of a dual‐species biofilm when challenged with 2% and 5% NaOCl mixed with HEDP for a prolonged timespan and under steady laminar flow.MethodologyDual‐species biofilms comprised of Streptococcus oralis J22 and Actinomyces naeslundii T14V‐J1 were grown on human dentine discs in a constant depth film fermenter (CDFF) for 96 h. Biofilms were treated with 2% and 5% NaOCl, alone or mixed with HEDP. Irrigants were applied under steady laminar flow for 8 min. Biofilm response was evaluated by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT). Biofilm removal, biofilm disruption, rate of biofilm loss and disruption as well as bubble formation were assessed. One‐way anova, Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were performed for statistical analysis of the data. The level of significance was set at a ≤.05.ResultsIncreasing NaOCl concentration resulted in increased biofilm removal and disruption, higher rate of biofilm loss and disruption and increased bubble formation. Mixing HEDP with NaOCl caused a delay in the antibiofilm action of the latter, without compromising its antibiofilm efficacy.ConclusionsNaOCl concentration dictates the biofilm response irrespective of the presence of HEDP. The addition of HEDP resulted in a delay in the antibiofilm action of NaOCl. This delay affects the efficiency, but not the efficacy of the irrigant over time.
Novel pearl millet couscous process for West African markets using a low‐cost single‐screw extruder
Authors: Moussa Moustapha , Ponrajan Amudhan , Campanella Osvaldo H. , Okos Martin R. , Martinez Mario M. , Hamaker Bruce R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTraditional West African pearl millet couscous products are popular; however, their preparation is laborious, time‐consuming and energy‐demanding, involving agglomeration, steaming, drying and sieving steps. In this study, a process was developed to produce millet couscous using a high pressure, high temperature and low‐cost single‐screw extruder. The innovation was to directly process the cooked low‐moisture extrudate to a couscous product by drying and milling to the appropriate particle size (ranging between 1 and 2 mm). Throughput for the traditional process as prepared for commercial sale is 50 kg per day, but with the same amount of labour, the extrusion process yields ~350 kg per day. A consumer sensory study held in Niamey (Niger) showed that the extruded millet couscous was comparable to traditional couscous, though this was dependent on selection of the proper millet variety. This novel extrusion process could stimulate small‐ to medium‐scale manufacturing of couscous and couscous‐type products in West Africa.
Characteristics of silver carp surimi gel under high temperature (≥100 °C): quality changes, water distribution and protein pattern
Authors: Jiang Qixing , Wu Wenmin , Han Jingwen , Chung Hau Yin , Gao Pei , Yu Dawei , Yu Peipei , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe effects of high‐temperature treatments (100–125 °C) on the properties of silver carp surimi gel were studied. The results showed that the gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) of surimi gel decreased significantly (P < 0.05), with the increase of heating temperature and the prolongation of heating time, and the higher the temperature, the greater the decrease trend. Hydrophobic interaction and disulphide bonds decreased significantly, while ionic bonds increased significantly (P < 0.05), as well as β‐sheet increased while β‐turn and coil decreased significantly, which confirmed the changes of protein secondary structure caused by high‐temperature treatments. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) and actin bands gradually narrowed, and the production of new bands larger than 250 kDa by SDS‐PAGE showed the aggregation and cross‐linking reaction of proteins. However, the increased band intensity of 50–75 kDa and the increase of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) soluble peptides showed the degradation of proteins. The decrease of PT22 and the increase of PT23 indicated the conversion of immobilised water to free water in the gel matrix. In conclusion, high‐temperature heating caused the changes of protein secondary structure as well as chemical forces and water conversion, resulting in protein denaturation, aggregation, cross‐linking and degradation, forming a loosen and irregular gel network.
The immune response to COVID‐19: Does sex matter?
Authors: Ho Jim Q. , Sepand Mohammad Reza , Bigdelou Banafsheh , Shekarian Tala , Esfandyarpour Rahim , Chauhan Prashant , Serpooshan Vahid , Beura Lalit K. , Hutter Gregor , Zanganeh Steven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has created unprecedented challenges worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes COVID‐19 and has a complex interaction with the immune system, including growing evidence of sex‐specific differences in the immune response. Sex‐disaggregated analyses of epidemiological data indicate that males experience more severe symptoms and suffer higher mortality from COVID‐19 than females. Many behavioural risk factors and biological factors may contribute to the different immune response. This review examines the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the context of sex, with emphasis on potential biological mechanisms explaining differences in clinical outcomes. Understanding sex differences in the pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection will help promote the development of specific strategies to manage the disease.
Defect engineering in rare‐earth‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics: Route to high‐temperature stability of colossal permittivity
Authors: Meng Yingzhi , Liu Kang , Zhang Xiuyun , Lei Xiuyun , Chen Jun , Yang Zhao , Peng Biaolin , Long Changbai , Liu Laijun , Li Chunchun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance colossal‐permittivity (CP) materials have huge potential applications in the miniaturization of electronic components and high‐energy storage applications. Here, we report CP behavior in rare‐earth Ln‐doped BaTiO3 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er) ceramics. CP (>1 × 105) and low loss (<5% at 1 kHz) were achieved. Additionally, all ceramic samples with excellent temperature stability over a wide temperature range (25–250°C). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified the existence of point defects (Ti3+ and ) in Ln‐doped BaTiO3 ceramic samples annealed in an N2 atmosphere. Electron paramagnetic resonance further demonstrated the existence of Ti3+. The coupling of point defects forms an electron‐pinned defect‐dipoles (EPDD) effect and induces strong hopping polarization. In addition, an internal barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) effect and a surface barrier layer capacitor (SBLC) effect are identified by impedance spectroscopy and DC bias voltage. The CP is attributed to the combined effect of EPDD, IBLC, and SBLC. Furthermore, the high‐temperature stability of CP is related to the strong coupling of defect‐dipole complexes.
Genetics of Cushing's disease
Authors: Simon Julia , Theodoropoulou Marily 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCorticotroph tumours are primarily sporadic monoclonal neoplasms and only rarely found in genetic syndromes. Recurrent mutations in the ubiquitin specific protease 8 (USP8) gene are found in around half of cases. Mutations in other genes such as USP48 and NR3C1 are less frequent, found in less than ~20% of cases. TP53 and ATXR mutations are reported in up to one out of four cases, when focusing in USP8 wild type or aggressive corticotroph tumours and carcinomas. At present, USP8 mutations are the primary driver alterations in sporadic corticotroph tumours, TP53 and ATXR mutations may indicate transition to more aggressive tumour phenotype. Next generation sequencing efforts have identified additional genomic alterations, whose role and importance in corticotroph tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated.
Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in the inflammageing status of gingiva in aged mice
Authors: Chen Zhen , Huang Zimo , Zhao Xiaowei , Zhou Yi , Zhang Ping , Li Yuhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify immune‐inflammation‐related genes related to susceptibility to periodontitis in the gingiva of aged mice with RNA sequencing.MethodsGingival samples from 18‐month‐old, 8‐week‐old healthy mice and 8‐week‐old mice with periodontitis were taken for RNA‐seq. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated with qRT‐PCR using mouse and human gingival samples.Results977 (upregulated) and 1824 (downregulated) genes were identified in the old compared with the young mice. 14.2% were related to immune‐inflammatory responses. This proportion of overlap (ageing and periodontitis)‐DEGs was higher (48.4%). Enrichment analysis of overlap (ageing and periodontitis)‐DEGs showed that the top five GO and KEGG terms were related to the immune‐inflammatory responses, and disease analysis was more specific to periodontitis. The candidate genes of overlap (ageing and periodontitis)‐DEGs selected by protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network showed the higher match with clinical data sets. By qRT‐PCR, nine candidate genes were identified as hub genes that are associated with susceptibility to periodontitis in the elderly, including CXCL3, CXCL5, CSF3, CSF3R, FPR1, IL1B, OSM, SERPINE1 and SELP.ConclusionOur studies provide insights into the mechanisms by which ageing affects the immune‐inflammatory status of gingival tissues, thereby increasing the risk of periodontitis. It may become targets for future prevention of periodontitis.