bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' views on the provision of physical healthcare for individuals with comorbid mental illness and chronic disease
Authors: Tzeng Wen‐Chii , Su Pi‐Yu , Yeh Shih‐Hua , Chang Tsu‐Wei , Lin Chia‐Huei , Feng Hsin‐Pei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of chronic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) continues to increase among patients with mental illness. This cross‐sectional study investigated the factors affecting nurses' views on the provision of physical healthcare to patients with comorbid mental illness and chronic disease. In total, 369 nurses working in mental health were assessed for the physical healthcare attitudes and practices using the Physical Health Attitude Scale for Mental Health Nurses. The results of generalized linear modelling indicated that nurses' involvement in physical healthcare was associated with psychiatric mental health nurse credentials (B = 1.560, 95% CI = 0.292–2.828, P = 0.016) and their confidence in delivering physical healthcare was associated with prior physical healthcare training (B = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.104–1.174, P = 0.019). In addition, the frequency with which the nurses engaged in physical healthcare practices was associated with working in a community unit (B = −7.416, 95% CI = −9.652 to −5.180, P < 0.001), involvement in physical healthcare (B = 0.349, 95% CI = 0.162–0.535, P < 0.001), and confidence in delivering physical healthcare (B = 1.148, 95% CI = 0.776–1.519, P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that interventions aiming to help nurses assess and improve their own physical healthcare practices should consider nurses' background and patients' physical health needs in various settings and focus on cultivating an organizational culture that gives nurses confidence in providing physical healthcare.
Nursing students' self‐directed learning experiences in web‐based virtual simulation: A qualitative study
Authors: Yeo Ji‐Young , Jang Myoung Sun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, virtual reality simulation, including web‐based simulation, has increased in nursing education. This study explored nursing students' self‐directed problem‐solving in web‐based virtual simulation experiences.MethodConvenience sampling yielded 16 Korean senior nursing students who had experienced clinical practice in the last semester. Data were collected from August 2020 to January 2021 through in‐depth Zoom video interviews and organized using NVivo version 12.0. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data.ResultsThe following four themes were identified from nursing students' learning experiences during the web‐based virtual simulations: “self‐awareness of a lack of nursing competency in virtual reality,” “applying new learning strategies learned from failure,” “voluntary learning behavior,” and “cognitive shift toward a holistic understanding.” Web‐based virtual simulations activated various cognitive and metacognitive factors of self‐directed learning, and the system's prompt feedback and students' reflections facilitated learning effects. Nursing students corrected their cognitive errors while learning from their failures and mistakes and gained a holistic view of nursing practice.ConclusionIn this study, web‐based self‐directed learning activated the metacognition of nursing students in a virtuous cycle. The virtual environment with no actual harm to the patient has become a space for learners to experience a sense of confidence, achievement, and satisfaction. Web‐based virtual simulation can be an effective teaching method to improve nursing students' self‐directed learning abilities and nursing competency.
Serum neurofilament light chain is associated with disturbed limbic‐based functional connectivity in patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Fang Ling , Peng Fuhua , Wang Yuge , Dai Zhengjia , Wang Jinhui , Shu Yaqing , Qiu Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAnti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis shows a predilection for affecting the limbic system, but structural MRI in most patients is usually unremarkable. However, the functional connectivity reorganization of limbic nodes remains unknown. Serum neurofilament light chains (sNfL) are clinically linked with the disease severity and neurological disability of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. However, the relationship between sNfL and limbic‐based functional architecture has not been explored. We consecutively recruited 20 convalescent patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and 24 healthy controls from March 2018 to March 2021. Resting‐state functional MRI metrics, including fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and atlas‐based seed functional connectivity, were analyzed to investigate regional activities and functional connectivity alterations. Correlation analysis among functional connectivity, sNfL, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal cognitive assessment outcomes were explored in patients. Compared with those of healthy controls, the fALFF and ReHo were consistently increased in regions of the posterior default mode network (DMN) hub, mainly the bilateral supramarginal gyrus and precuneus, in patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis (FWE‐corrected p < 0.05). Patients demonstrated disturbed functional organization characterized by reduced connectivity of the posterior DMN hub with the sensorimotor cortex and hypoconnectivity of the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) with the right fusiform gyrus but extensively enhanced thalamocortical connectivity (FWE‐corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, convalescent sNfL showed a positive correlation with enhanced thalamocortical connectivity (r = 0.4659, p = 0.0384). Onset sNfL with an independent linear correlation to convalescent MMSE performance (B coefficient, −0.013, 95% CI, −0.025 ~ −0.002, p = 0.0260) was positively correlated with intra‐DMN connectivity (r = 0.8969, p < 0.0001) and limbic‐sensory connectivity (r = 0.4866, p = 0.0346 for hippocampus seed and r = 0.5218, p = 0.0220 for PHG seed). Patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis demonstrated disturbed functional organization with substantial thalamocortical hyperconnectivity, that was positively correlated with convalescent sNfL. Onset sNfL showed a positive correlation with intra‐DMN connectivity and limbic‐sensory connectivity.image
Trend of serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin levels after medical abortion in the early first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Choobun Thanapan , Maneeon Ronnarong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to study serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin level trends after medical abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol in the early first trimester.MethodsWe enrolled women at ≤63 days of gestation who were indicated for pregnancy termination. We excluded women with incomplete abortions, nonviable pregnancies, extrauterine pregnancies, and contraindications for mifepristone/misoprostol use. Women received oral mifepristone (200 mg), followed by vaginal misoprostol (800 mcg) after 48 h. Serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin levels were monitored pre‐mifepristone administration (day 1); 48 h post‐mifepristone, pre‐misoprostol administration (day 3); day 10; and weekly after day 10, until negative beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin levels (<25 mIU/mL) were achieved.ResultsAmong 39 enrolled women, 36 (92.3%) who underwent complete abortion without further interventions were included. The median gestational age was 51 (32–61) days. Three phases of beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin levels were observed: an increase of up to 5.1% within 48 h of taking mifepristone, before misoprostol administration; a rapid decline on day 10 (by 98.5% compared with initial levels); and a slow decline after day 10 until negative results were attained within 7 weeks.ConclusionSerum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin levels minimally increased 48 h after taking mifepristone, rapidly declined within 1 week of misoprostol administration, and slowly declined until negative within 7 weeks post‐abortion.
Oral biofilm dysbiosis during experimental periodontitis
Authors: Ribeiro Apoena Aguiar , Jiao Yizu , Girnary Mustafa , Alves Tomaz , Chen Liang , Farrell Anna , Wu Di , Teles Flavia , Inohara Naohiro , Swanson Karen V. , Marchesan Julie T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe have previously characterized the main osteoimmunological events that occur during ligature periodontitis. This study aims to determine the polymicrobial community shifts that occur during disease development.MethodsPeriodontitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice using the ligature‐induced periodontitis model. Healthy oral mucosa swabs and ligatures were collected every 3 days from 0 to 18 days post‐ligature placement. Biofilm samples were evaluated by 16SrRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) and QIIME. Time‐course changes were determined by relative abundance, diversity, and rank analyses (PERMANOVA, Bonferroni‐adjusted).ResultsMicrobial differences between health and periodontal inflammation were observed at all phylogenic levels. An evident microbial community shift occurred in 25 genera during the advancement of “gingivitis” (3–6 days) to periodontitis (9–18 days). From day 0 to 18, dramatic changes were identified in Streptococcus levels, with an overall decrease (54.04%–0.02%) as well an overall increase of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus (23.7%–73.1% and 10.1%–70.2%, respectively). Alpha‐diversity decreased to its lowest at 3 days, followed by an increase in diversity as disease advancement. Beta‐diversity increased after ligature placement, indicating that bone loss develops in response to a greater microbial variability (p = 0.001). Levels of facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria augmented over the course of disease progression, with a total of eight species significantly different during the 18‐day period.ConclusionThe data supports that murine gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss develop in response to microbiome shifts. Bacterial diversity increased during progression to bone loss. These findings further support the utilization of the periodontitis ligature model for microbial shift analysis under different experimental conditions.
Modelling oil price shocks and exchange rate behaviour in Nigeria – A regime‐switching approach
Authors: Ayinde Taofeek Olusola , Adeyemi Farouq Adekunmi , Ali‐Balogun Busrah Agbaje 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConsequent upon the intermittent variations in the global oil prices over the years and its attendant effects on exchange rate dynamics of oil‐rich economies, the study investigates the regime‐switching behaviour of oil price shocks and exchange rate behaviour in Nigeria. The period of investigation spans 1980q1 – 2020q4 and the technique of analysis is the Markov‐Switching Dynamic Regression. Predicated on an extended portfolio balancing theory, the unit‐root test with structural break confirms break points in the data. The Markov‐Switching Dynamic Regression shows the presence of two regimes of low and high global oil price shocks in the data. Additional results show that expectation plays a huge role in the oil price and exchange rate nexus in Nigeria and that the regime of low global oil price comes with more shock effects than that of high global price of oil. With short memory property, both the low and high global prices of oil exhibit high persistence level above 70 percent but the duration of persistence for the latter is half‐life the former. The study recommends that the monetary authority should introduce exchange rate policy surprise and further diversify the economy from oil dependence.
The hybrid power generation and balancing energy supply–demand for rural village in Ethiopia
Authors: Gezahegn Getachew Tesfaye , Hatiye Samuel Dagalo , Ayana Melkamu Teshome , Ayalew Abebe Temesgen , Minda Thomas Torora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEthiopia has a wide range of environmentally‐friendly, renewable energy resources that can assist the country to overcome its rural electricity problems. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software package was used to evaluate the viability of solar, hydro and wind hybrid power generation for a remote community in Ethiopia's Geba catchment. The hydrologic, climatic and demographic data were used to analyze the community's electrical supply and demand. Using survey data from chosen residences, the community's hourly and daily electricity demands were calculated. Two or more schemes were investigated besides the standalone scheme to assess the hybrid system's capacity. Wind, micro‐hydro and solar can generate an average annual power of 96.8, 272.4 and 161.8 kW, respectively. A mix of energy sources can meet the community's electricity demand. During peak demand periods, however, the hybrid system's mean hourly variability in power production showed inadequacy, which could be remedied by power stored in the battery and generator output. The economic analysis showed that the hybrid system proposed here is less expensive, indicating that hybrid energy generation might be employed to electrify Ethiopia's remote settlements. We advise decision‐makers and power authorities to use hybrid systems for rural electrification.
Factors That Reduce Parental Concern for Concussion Risks in Youth Tackle Football
Authors: McGlynn Joseph , Richardson Brian K. , Boneau Rebecca D. 
Published: October 2022

This study sought to identify factors that reduce parental concern of concussion risks for children who play youth tackle American football. Interviews were conducted with parents who allowed children between the ages of 10 and 15 years to play on tackle football teams. Factors that reduced parental concern included advances in equipment safety and helmet technology, active parental monitoring and relationship building with coaches, and social comparisons to other youth athletes regarding their own child’s athleticism and ability to avoid injury. Although these factors reduced parents’ concern for concussion risks, the findings highlight biases that influence parental risk judgments, suggest that interventions to reduce concussions must account for competing narratives of concussion prevention, and offer recommendations for improving education efforts focused on player safety in contact sports.
Contact tracing using real-time location system (RTLS): a simulation exercise in a tertiary hospital in Singapore
Authors: Ng Guan Yee , Ong Biauw Chi 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveWe aim to assess the effectiveness of contact tracing using real-time location system (RTLS) compared with the conventional (electronic medical records (EMRs)) method via an emerging infectious disease (EID) outbreak simulation exercise. The aims of the study are: (1) to compare the time taken to perform contact tracing and list of contacts identified for RTLS versus EMR; (2) to compare manpower and manpower-hours required to perform contact tracing for RTLS versus EMR; and (3) to extrapolate the cost incurred by RTLS versus EMR.DesignProspective case study.SettingSengkang General Hospital, a 1000-bedded public tertiary hospital in Singapore.Participants1000 out of 4000 staff wore staff tags in this study.InterventionsA simulation exercise to determine and compare the list of contacts, time taken, manpower and manpower-hours required between RTLS and conventional methods of contact tracing. Cost of both methods were compared.Primary and secondary outcome measuresList of contacts, time taken, manpower required, manpower-hours required and cost incurred.ResultsRTLS identified almost three times the number of contacts compared with conventional methods, while achieving that with a 96.2% reduction in time taken, 97.6% reduction in manpower required and 97.5% reduction in manpower-hours required. However, RTLS incurred significant equipment cost and might take many contact tracing episodes before providing economic benefit.ConclusionAlthough costly, RTLS is effective in contact tracing. RLTS might not be ready at present time to replace conventional methods, but with further refinement, RTLS has the potential to be the gold standard in contact tracing methods of the future, particularly in the current pandemic.
International patient preferences for physician attire: results from cross-sectional studies in four countries across three continents
Authors: Houchens Nathan , Saint Sanjay , Petrilli Christopher , Kuhn Latoya , Ratz David , De Lott Lindsey , Zollinger Marc , Sax Hugo , Kamata Kazuhiro , Kuriyama Akira , Tokuda Yasuharu , Fumagalli Carlo , Virgili Gianni , Fumagalli Stefano , Chopra Vineet 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe patient–physician relationship impacts patients’ experiences and health outcomes. Physician attire is a form of nonverbal communication that influences this relationship. Prior studies examining attire preferences suffered from heterogeneous measurement and limited context. We thus performed a multicentre, cross-sectional study using a standardised survey instrument to compare patient preferences for physician dress in international settings.Setting20 hospitals and healthcare practices in Italy, Japan, Switzerland and the USA.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 9171 adult patients receiving care in academic hospitals, general medicine clinics, specialty clinics and ophthalmology practices.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe survey was randomised and included photographs of a male or female physician dressed in assorted forms of attire. The primary outcome measure was attire preference, comprised of composite ratings across five domains: how knowledgeable, trustworthy, caring and approachable the physician appeared, and how comfortable the respondent felt. Secondary outcome measures included variation in preferences by country, physician type and respondent characteristics.ResultsThe highest rated forms of attire differed by country, although each most preferred attire with white coat. Low ratings were conferred on attire extremes (casual and business suit). Preferences were more uniform for certain physician types. For example, among all respondents, scrubs garnered the highest rating for emergency department physicians (44.2%) and surgeons (42.4%). However, attire preferences diverged for primary care and hospital physicians. All types of formal attire were more strongly preferred in the USA than elsewhere. Respondent age influenced preferences in Japan and the USA only.ConclusionsPatients across a myriad of geographies, settings and demographics harbour specific preferences for physician attire. Some preferences are nearly universal, whereas others vary substantially. As a one-size-fits-all dress policy is unlikely to reflect patient desires and expectations, a tailored approach should be sought that attempts to match attire to clinical context.
Entrustable professional activities in nursing education: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Alexander Nicholas , Maaz Asja , Peters Harm , Kottner Jan 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionEntrustable professional activities were introduced in medical education more than 15 years ago. EPAs define units of professional practice that can be fully entrusted to sufficiently competent professionals. Today, EPAs have been developed and implemented in many health professions, as the concept is useful in bridging the gap between competency-based education and the daily tasks health professions have to deal with in the workplace. While some evidence exists in medical education, the role of EPAs in nursing education is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the overall aim of this scoping review is to describe the current body of evidence regarding EPA implementation in nursing education.Methods and analysisA two-stage screening process will be used during the search phase, in order to screen retrieved abstracts and titles that focus primarily on the discussion of EPA in nursing education in all languages within the last two decades. The electronic databases, OVID (Embase and PubMed combined) and EBSCOhost (CINHAL and ERIC combined), as well as grey literature will be searched. The search period ranges from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2021. Data will be extracted according to study design, context (geographical location and type of nursing programme), details of EPAs mentioned (title, specifications, limitations and competency domains), as well as evidence of implementation, outcomes and effect sizes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this review will be using previously collected data. Review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences.
Measuring negative emotional responses to climate change among young people in survey research: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Martin Gina , Cosma Alina , Roswell Tasha , Anderson Martin , Leslie Kathleen , Card Kiffer G , Closson Kalysha , Kennedy Angel M , Gislason Maya K 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionMany young people report experiencing negative emotional responses to their awareness of climate change and the threats it poses to their future. With that, an increasing number of survey instruments have been developed to examine young people’s negative emotional responses to their awareness of climate change. This report describes a protocol for a systematic review that aims to identify, synthesise and critically appraise how negative emotional responses to climate change among young people have been measured in survey research. The research questions addressed in this review are: (1) How has negative emotional responses to climate change been defined and measured among young people? (2) How do survey instruments measuring young people’s negative emotional responses to climate change vary in terms of reliability and validity? (3) What factors are associated with negative emotional responses to climate change among young people?Methods and analysisSeven academic databases (CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and Environment Complete) will be searched to retrieve studies published between 1 January 2006 and 31 March 2022 and published in English. Studies including survey instruments that measure negative emotional responses among young people (aged 10–24 years) will be eligible for inclusion. Targeted journals will be hand-searched. This review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews. The methodological quality, in terms of reliability and validity, of the included studies will be assessed using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist for risk of bias of patient-reported outcome measures. To rate the quality of the instruments, we will use a modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations technique defined by the COSMIN guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not applicable for this study. We will disseminate the findings through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022295733.