bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mapping and transfer of a novel brown planthopper resistance gene bph42 from Oryza rufipogon (Griff.) to cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kaur pavneet , Neelam Kumari , Sarao Preetinder Singh , Babbar Ankita , Kumar Kishor , vikal yogesh , Khanna Renu , Kaur Rupinder , Mangat G.S. , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most destructive pests of rice accounting for 52% of annual yield loss. Under severe conditions, BPH cause “hopper burn” leading to drying and lodging of the matured plant. Utilization of host-plant resistance from diverse germplasm is considered a cost-effective and environment-friendly approach for its management. The current study reports the identification and mapping of a novel source of resistance from wild species of rice O. rufipogon accession CR100441 against the BPH biotype 4. Genetic analysis was performed using 276 BC2F2 and 233 BC2F3 populations derived from a cross of O. rufipogon accession CR100441 and highly susceptible cultivar PR122. The segregation of susceptible to resistant plants 3:1 ratio (210:66, χ2c = 0.17 ≤ χ20.05,1 = 3.84) indicates the presence of a single major recessive gene. Genotyping using polymorphic microsatellite markers between PR122 and O.rufipogon acc.CR100441 spanning all the 12 chromosomes of rice was done. A total of 537 SSR markers were used to map a BPH resistance gene (designated as bph42) on the short arm of chromosome 4 between RM16282 and RM16335. QTL analysis identified a peak marker RM16335 contributing 29% of the phenotypic variance at 40.76 LOD. This marker co-segregates with the bph42 which could be efficiently used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to transfer the traits into elite rice cultivars.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in Human Milk From Vaccinated Mothers After Holder Pasteurization
Authors: Selma-Royo Marta , Gormaz María , Bäuerl Christine , Ramón-Beltrán Amparo , Cernada Maria , Esteban Maria Jesús Vayá , Martinez-Rodriguez Laura , Vento Máximo , Parra-Llorca Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Breastfeeding rendered crucial for preterm infants during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the role of donated human milk (DHM) in the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection when own mother’s milk is not available or insufficient remains unclear. Pasteurization of DHM contributes to the loss of some biological and nutritional properties of human milk. The presence of specific breast milk SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been demonstrated in women after COVID-19 disease and after vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the impact of Holder pasteurization on vaccinated donor women’s milk and to identify the impact on the concentrations of specific immunoglobulins (Ig) against SARS-CoV-2. A prospective, observational, exploratory pilot study in lactating women (n=12) who received the complete course of mRNA-based vaccines (BioNTech/Pfizer) against SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted. Levels of antibodies directed to structural receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were determined by ELISA before and after pasteurization.IgA and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin concentrations were significantly reduced after Holder pasteurization. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between the initial amount of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the percentage of their recovery after the pasteurization for both isotypes. Despite the partial loss of immunoglobulins still a high percentage of antibodies remained after the pasteurization, a mean of 70.53 (3.4)% of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and 81.99 (21.89)% of IgG antibodies. Our study underscores the potential relevance of breast feeding or alternatively DHM to provide babies at risk with virus-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies thus protecting them against COVID-19.
Media Addiction Behaviour, Computer Vision Syndrome and Neural Patterns
Authors: Hossain Gahangir , Faiyazuddin Musab 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
These Post-COVID days, seventy percent of businesses have or are working on a digital transformation, which make us to spend more time with media interaction [1]. Media has always existed in much of our history; the shape and function of such media instruments may have evolved over time, but human nature has always been drawn to them. Social networking is one of the most common and addictive media resources available today. They have only been around for a decade, but they're more appealing and addictive in nature. According to a recent survey, there are approximately 400 million social media users, and 5 to 10% of the world's population suffers from gaming or internet addiction [2]. Addiction is described as a person's neurotic behavior that contributes to harmful behavior – social media addiction cannot be the exception. This research explores human brain signals, electroencephalogram (EEG) of addictive media abusers and compare it to that of alcoholics to draw a distinction between these two different types of addictions. We performed brain signal analysis in rest stage and working stages. The magnitude and spatial distribution of beta power in the resting EEG were examined to address the possibility of an excitation-inhibition imbalance in the central nervous system of alcoholics with compared to medica addiction. Similar increase in Beta absolute power was observed in alcohol dependent as well as media addictive subjects. In addition, we observed that human eye blink rates that reflects human attention, also reflects media addiction – especially the Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). While performing attentive tasks on digital screens causes a decrease in eye blink rate (EBR), which leads to the fundamental symptom of eye strain or the CVS.
Thickness of Anterior Sclera and Corneal Layers in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ün Emine Şeker , Pekel Gökhan , Taşçı Murat , Bahar Alperen , Pekel Evre , Çetin Ebru Nevin , Subaşı Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the thickness of anterior sclera and corneal layers in patients with systemic sclerosis.Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 41 patients with systemic sclerosis and 41 age and gender-matched healthy controls. The study and control groups were compared in terms of the thickness of anterior sclera, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, corneal stroma and Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex. The thickness measurements were obtained using the anterior segment module of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.Results: The thickness of anterior sclera, corneal epithelium, Bowman's layer, and Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex were similar in the patients with systemic sclerosis and healthy controls (P>.05). Total corneal thickness at the apex was 511.1±33.5 µm in the systemic sclerosis group and 528.4±29.5 µm in the control group (P=.015). The corneal stroma was thinner in the systemic sclerosis patients compared to the healthy controls (P=.02). Conclusions: The corneal stroma was thinner in the patients with systemic sclerosis compared to that of healthy controls, while the thickness of the anterior sclera was similar in both groups.
Comparative analysis of cationic dye adsorption efficiency of thermally and chemically treated Tanzanian kaolin
Authors: Erasto Laurance , Hellar-Kihampa Harieth , Mgani Quentin Alphonce , Lugwisha Esther Hellen Jason 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The effectiveness of thermal and acid modified locally available kaolin clay in Tanzania (Pugu clay), for removal of cationic dye from water systems were tested. The raw Pugu kaolin (RPK) was thermally-treated at 150oC for 7 hours and acid-leached with 0.2 M H2SO4 under reflux for 3 hours, to obtain thermally-activated Pugu kaolin (TAPK) and acid-activated Pugu kaolin (AAPK), respectively. The raw and modified clays were characterized by XRF, XRD, ATR-FTIR and Porosimeter for their mineralogical compositions, chemical compositions, specific surface areas and pore sizes. A comparative analysis of their respective adsorption efficiencies was carried out using basic blue 9 dye (BB9) as a representative adsorbate. The results revealed that while RPK was mainly composed of 44.18% silica and 26.70% alumina, the modified adsorbents had higher silica content of 46.95% and 58.81%; decreased alumina content of 24.11% and 12.74%, and increased surface areas from 15.36 to 41.07 m2/g and 149.61 m2/g, for TAPK and AAPK, respectively. Batch adsorption analysis indicated that AAPK and TAPK exhibited respective adsorption efficiency of 99.91% and 98.73% against BB9, compared to 96.82% of RPK. The Langmuir and Freundlich models with correlation coefficients close to unity indicated that the surface of the adsorbents were homo-heterogeneous in nature and exhibited mono-multilayer BB9 adsorption. This study has revealed that both raw and modified Pugu kaolin have good adsorption efficiency as ideal adsorbents in removal of cationic dyes from polluted water. Moreover, acid-activation resulted into a more effective adsorbent than thermal treatment.
Microbial, chemical and isotopic monitoring integrated approach to assess potential leachate contamination of groundwater in a landfill district in Apulia region (Italy).
Authors: Beneduce Luciano , Piergiacomo Federica , Limoni Pier Paolo , Zuffianò Livia Emanuela , Polemio Maurizio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Landfill sites are a major concern for soil and groundwater pollution in the disposal area. The impact of accidental spill of leachate through the soil and consequential contamination of the groundwater can seriously threaten human health and the environment. Given the impact of other anthropic activities (i.e., agriculture, cattle farming etc.) coexisting in the same site, the perturbation of groundwater environment may be due my multiple factors. Therefore, it is a challenging issue to correctly establish the pollution source of an aquifer where landfill is not isolated from other anthropic land uses. The present study aimed to realize an integrated environmental monitoring that included microbiological and chemical methods to evaluate potential groundwater pollution in a landfill district in the south of Italy. Conventional (microbial plate count, physical-chemical analyses) and advanced methods (PCR-ARISA, isotope analysis) were included in the study, to characterize both the groundwater aquifer in nine sites surrounding the landfill district and the leachate of the active landfills. By the integration of the acquired data, it was possible to reconstruct the scenario by which agriculture and other human activities, together with seawater intrusion in the karst aquifer, were the main drivers of altered groundwater features in the monitored site. It was possible to exclude any contribution of the landfill leachate to the groundwater environment perturbations.
Long-term analysis of ventricular function in patients with symptomatic coronary disease undergone on-pump or off-pump coronary artery bypass graft
Authors: Silva Rafael Rocha Mol , Hueb Whady , Lima Eduardo Gomes , Rezende Paulo Cury , Soares Paulo Rogério , Ramires José Antonio Franchini , Filho Roberto Kalil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Systemic non-physiological effects of cardiopulmonary bypass have been observed in the periprocedural period. Long-term assessment, including ventricular function (VF), is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the evolution of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in a long-term follow-up among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent off-pump (OPCAB) or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (ONCAB).Methods: This study is a pre-specified analysis of the MASS III trial, a single-center and prospective study that enrolled patients with stable CAD initially preserved VF and randomized to OPCAB or ONCAB. They accomplished a new measure of LVEF by transthoracic echocardiogram in the follow-up, and the primary endpoint was the difference between final and baseline LVEF.Results: Of 308 patients randomized, 225 had a new evaluation of LVEF in a mean of 5.9 years of follow-up: 113 in ONCAB and 112 in the OPCAB group. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, except for higher subjects with the 3-vessel disease in ONCAB. There was no difference in LVEF at the beginning (P=0.08) but, there was a discrete decrease in both LVEF for ONCAB and OPCAB groups (P <0.001 in both groups) in 5.9 years. Despite this, the decline was not significantly different between groups (delta of -6% for ONCAB and -5% for OPCAB; P=0.78). In a multivariate analysis, myocardial infarction was a predictor of LVEF <40%.Conclusions: Despite non-physiologic effects, there was no difference in the long-term follow-up of LVEF between the ONCAB and OPCAB groups in this studied sample.
A Th2-score in the tumor microenvironment as a predictive biomarker of response to BCG in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. A retrospective study.
Authors: Villoldo Gustavo Martín , Pombo María Teresa , Aris Mariana , Chemi Joaquín , Mandó Pablo , Nagaraju Supriya , Camean Juan , Burioni Adrián , Egea Deborah , Amat Mora , Mellado José León , Mordoh José , Villaronga Alberto , Barrio María Marcela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intravesical BCG is the gold standard therapy for intermediate/high-risk NMIBC. However, the response rate is ~60%, and 50% of non-responders will progress to muscle invasive disease. BCG induces massive local infiltration of inflammatory cells (Th1), and ultimately cytotoxic tumor elimination. We searched for a predictive biomarker of BCG response by analyzing TILs polarization in the TME in pre-treatment biopsies. Materials and Methods: Pre-treatment biopsies from patients with NMIBC who received adequate intravesical instillations of BCG (n=32) were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry. TME polarization was assessed by quantifying the T-Bet+ (Th1) and GATA-3+ (Th2) lymphocyte ratio (G/T), and the density and degranulation of EPX+ eosinophils. In addition, PD-1/PD-L1 staining was quantified. The results correlated with the BCG response. In most nonresponders, Th1/Th2 markers were compared in pre-and post-BCG biopsies.ORR was 65.6% in the study population. BCG responders had a higher G/T ratio and higher number of degranulated EPX+ cells. Variables combined into a Th2-score showed a significant association with higher scores in responders (p=0.027). A Th2-score cut-off value >48.1 allowed discrimination of responders with 91% sensitivity, but with lower specificity. Relapse-free survival was significantly associated with the Th2-score (p=0.007). In post-BCG biopsies from recurring patients, TILs increased Th2-polarization, probably reflecting BCG failure to induce a pro-inflammatory status and, thus, a lack of response. PD-L1/PD-1 expression was not associated with the BCG response.Our results support the hypothesis that a pre-existing Th2-polarized TME predicts a better response to BCG, assuming a reversion to Th1 polarization and antitumor activity.
Rare event of NTRK3 rearrangement and amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Huijuan , Jiang Dongxian , Zhang Fuhan , Yu Zixiang , Huang Jie , Sujie Akesu , Xu Jianfang , Hou Yingyong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: TRK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (larotrectinib or entrectinib) can cause an unknown histological response in NTRK fusion-positive cancer patients,and it has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.The neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) 3 gene rearrangements is a target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.We attempted to assess the correlation of NTRK3 gene rearrangement and gene copy number changes with ESCC prognosis.Methods: The tissue microarray of 478 cases was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay.Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of NTRK3 rearrangement and amplification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Results: This study show that both NTRK3 gene rearrangement and copy number variation are rare events in ESCC. Gene rearrangement and copy number changes have little influence on the prognosis.Except when gene copy number was greater than or equal to 4, patients with stage I+II showed a trend of poor prognosis (P=0.120; OS, P=0.095). Conclusion: NTRK3 gene rearrangement and gene copy number variation are rare in esophageal cancer, and gene rearrangement does not affect prognosis, while the number of gene copies was 4 as the threshold, there was a tendency of poor prognosis.
Seasonal Response of Crab Disturbance to nitrogen at the Sediment-Water Interface in coastal tidal wetlands
Authors: Hua Guofen , Liu Shangqing , Li Jinli , Liu Xiangdong , Kong Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study is to explore the seasonal response of crab disturbances to nitrogen at the sediment-water interface in coastal tidal flat wetlands, adopting field experiment and indoor control test device. Results showed that crab disturbance showed significant seasonality, and there were significant seasonal differences in cave density and depth. The crab disturbance made the nitrogen flux at the sediment water interface in the crab box much larger than that in the control box. And in summer the NH4+-N showed a positive flux released from the sediment to the overlying water, but the NO2--N and NO3--N showed a positive flux released from the sediment to the overlying water only in early stage. In winter the NH4+-N showed a positive flux released from the sediment to the overlying water, but the NO2--N and NO3--N both showed positive and negative fluxes. These results indicated that the presence of crab burrows could make the aerobic layer move down approximately 8~15 cm in summer and directly promote sediment surface nitrification.
Bile duct stone size may influence the efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy with or without large-balloon dilation - A meta-analysis
Authors: Chuang Tang-Wei , Leung Joseph , Chen Jyh-Jou , Lee Pei-Lun , Tung Hung-Da , Fang Min-Lin , Ou-Yang Mei-Chen , Chen Jyu-Lin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EPT) and/or large balloon dilation (EPBD) are used to remove common bile duct (CBD) stones. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy of EPT + EPBD versus EPT alone in removal stones based on stone size.
Methods
Twenty-one studies (10 randomized control trials (RCTs) and 11 non-RCTs) were identified and reviewed from searches of Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. CBD stone’s size was measured with reference to the diameter of the duodenoscope (13mm) and the size of the large dilatation balloon (17mm) from cholangiogram. The stone clearance rate was compared according to the mean stone size and further divided into group A (small) < 13mm, B (medium) 13–17 mm, and C (large) > 17 mm. The study protocol was registered with Prospero (number CRD42020171689).
Results
In RCTs, EPT + EPBD had a significantly better stone clearance rate (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.15 ~ 3.30) and required less mechanical lithotripsy (ML) (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23 ~ 0.65) than EPT for removing CBD stones. These results were also supported by analysis of non-RCTs. In subgroup analysis, EPT + EPBD had a significantly better initial stone clearance rate than EPT in groups B and C, but not A. EPT + EPBD also required significantly less ML than EPT in groups B and C. In meta-regression analysis, group B has a better correlation of log OR with the size of CBD stone in initial stone clearance and less ML usage rates but not for group C with larger stones.
Conclusions
EPT + EPBD had a significantly better initial stone clearance rate and required less ML than EPT for medium CBD stones but the efficacy was limited for the large CBD stones.
Trial registration:
The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020171689).
Prevalence and correlation of C-shaped root canals of mandibular premolars and molars in Eastern Chinese individuals
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yang Lianfeng , Zhu Tingting , Wu Huili , Zhao Xiao , Wu Daming 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To investigate the prevalence, correlation, and differences of C-shaped root canals (CSRCs) morphology in permanent mandibular premolars and molars in Eastern Chinese individuals using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methods
A total of 8000 mandibular premolars and molars CBCT images from 1000 patients (692 females and 308 males) were collected. The prevalence, correlation, bilateral/unilateral presence, morphology of CSRCs, level of canal bifurcation, sex differences, and location of radicular grooves (RGs) were evaluated. The correlation between the prevalence of CSRCs and RGs in different tooth positions and age groups was analyzed.
Results
The prevalence of CSRCs in mandibular first premolars (MFPs), mandibular second premolars (MSPs), mandibular first molars (MFMs) and mandibular second molars (MSMs) were 10.25%, 0.25%, 0.55% and 47.05%, respectively. There was no correlation between the presence of CSRCs in mandibular premolars and molars. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs of males was higher than that in females, while CSRCs in MSMs of females were higher than that in males (P < 0.05). The bilateral symmetry presence of CSRCs in MSMs was significant but not in MFPs. RGs were predominantly found on the mesiolingual surface of premolars and the lingual surface of molars. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CSRCs in different types of RGs in premolars. The incidence of CSRCs was significantly lower in the non-bifurcation group.
Conclusions
There was a high prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs and MSMs in the Eastern Chinese population, but there was no correlation. The symmetry of CSRCs was significant in MSMs but not in MFPs. The prevalence of CSRCs in MFPs of males was higher than that in females, while the prevalence of CSRCs in MSMs of females was higher than that in males. In the process of RCT of teeth with CSRCs, CBCT should be taken if necessary, and the treatment should be carried out with the aid of a microscope. Clinicians should pay special attention to CSRCs.