bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practices of HIV/AIDS prevention among trainee nurses in north-eastern corridor, Ghana: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mutaru Abdul-Manaf , Ibrahim Aminu , Wumpini Abdul-Nuru Osman , Agana Timothy Atanga , Alhassan Ahmad Sukerazu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: HIV/AIDS remains a modern-day global burden, killing almost 39 million people with over 36 million living with the disease, and two million new cases annually. The risk of infection in clinical practice among health workers has been noted to be high, compared to the general population. The study therefore seeks to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV/AIDS prevention among nursing students along the north-eastern corridor of Ghana.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design with a quantitative approach was employed. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select 373 trainee nurses. A Pearson’s chi-square analysis was performed at 0.20 precision level. Determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practice was established with a multivariate logistic regression at 95% confidence level.Results: Majority of participants had satisfactory knowledge (88.0%), good attitude (87.9%), and good practices (57.6%) towards HIV/AIDS prevention. Students in their final year of the study were 2.3 times more likely to demonstrate good attitudes towards HIV/AIDS prevention than first years (aOR: 2.28; CI: 1.10 – 4.72). Those with sufficient knowledge on HIV/AIDS were 3.5 times more likely to have good attitudes towards its prevention than those with insufficient knowledge levels (aOR: 3.46; 1.76 – 6.77). Conclusion: There are satisfactory knowledge, attitude, and practices among trainee nurses regarding HIV/AIDS prevention in the study setting. Increase access to knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS can improve attitudes towards its prevention. However, there is a need for appraisal of the clinical placement programs of trainee nurses to ensure improved practice. Further studies are needed to ascertain the role of knowledge and attitudes in enhancing practices on HIV/AIDS prevention.
Quantification and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae From Agropastoral Communities of Mbarara District, South Western Uganda
Authors: Muhwezi Ivan , Bazira Joel , Zamarano Henry , Byarugaba Frederick , Sabiiti Wilber , Holden Mathew , Asiimwe Benon B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Bacterial infections are the commonest in both community and healthcare settings. Emergency of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae has contributed to poor clinical outcomes. More efforts regarding antibiotic resistance have been dedicated to clinical settings and we do not know the extent of the catastrophe in community settings. We aimed at determining the burden, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and molecular characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in agro-pastoral communities of Mbarara district, South western Uganda.Methods: A laboratory based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from outpatients presenting with signs and symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections. Urine samples were delivered to Microbiology Laboratory of Mbarara University of Science and Technology for culture, identification, testing for ESBL production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. Molecular characterization of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae was carried out at Medical and Molecular Laboratories Limited of Makerere University.Results: A total of 88 Enterobacteriaceae fulfilling the inclusion criteria were considered into the study. Escherichia coli 70.45% and Klebsiella pneumoniae 13.64% were the most isolated followed by Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter aerogenes at 10.23%, 3.41% and 2.27% respectively. The production of ESBL was observed at 23.86%. Generally, high resistance rates were observed against Ampicillin 100%, Cefepime 100%, Aztreonam 95.24%, Nalidixic acid 90.48%, Ciprofloxacin 85.71% and Amoxicillin/clavulanate 80.95%. High rates of sensitivity were observed to Meropenem 95.24%, Imipenem 95.24%, Amikacin 95.24%, Gentamycin 90.48%, Cefoxitin 76.19% Piperacillin/tazobactam 80.95% and Nitrofurantoin 66. 67%. MDR was observed at 85.71%. The most prevalent genes in ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae were CTX-MU 46.7%, TEM 30.00% and SHV 23.3%.Conclusion: We demonstrated high prevalence, antibiotic resistance rates among Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community. We recommend more community ESBL related studies and a One Health Approach to guide public health interventions.
Autologous myocutaneous flap implantation for chronic refractory chest wall sinus with infection:a case report
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Zhijun , He Zhongliang , Zhang Chun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Chest wall sinus with infection is a refractory disease caused by a variety of susceptible factors, and the treatment is still challenging.For clinically complex cases, although there are various surgical methods to choose from, it is still very difficult to achieve clinical cure,especially for patients with older age and many underlying diseases.Complete resection of chest wall sinus and application of repair and reconstruction technology may bring hope to refractory cases. Case presentation Herein,We report a case of a 67-year-old woman who had undergone breast cancer surgery and a history of multiple cycles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.One year ago, she had a fistula in the left chest wall with yellow purulent fluid.After admission to our hospital, chest computed tomography (CT) showed the formation of the left chest wall sinus, accompanied by high-density images of the left clavicle, part of the ribs and part of the sternu.According to the patient's symptoms, signs and imaging examination, we preliminarily diagnosed the patient as chest wall sinus with infection and chronic osteomyelitis.Therefore, in the first-stage operation,the patient underwent left chest wall sinus resection, left partial rib resection, left partial clavicular resection and left partial sternal resection,After surgery, the wound surface was changed with gauze dressing with sensitive antibiotic solution every day until the wound surface was clean and new granulation was formed.In the second-stage operation, the wound surface was appropriately expanded, and the pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was transferred to the chest wall defect. Finally, the skin paddle was sutured without tension to the normal skin around the chest, and two drainage tubes were placed.Anti-infection, anti-spasm, anti-coagulation and other treatments were given after operation, and the survival of myocutaneous flap, wound healing and sinus disappearance were observed. Conclusions The application of pedicled latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in the treatment of intractable chronic chest wall sinus is an effective method. It does not change the shape of the thorax. The clinical effect is satisfactory in the near and medium term, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
The impact of obesity on the accuracy of DXA BMD for DXA-equivalent BMD estimation.
Authors: LEE DongHa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: As the radiomics technique using texture features in CT is adopted for accessing DXA-equivalent bone mineral density (BMD), this study aims to compare BMD by DXA and predicted BMD to investigate the impact of obesity and central obesity in general patients.Materials and Methods: A total of 710 cases (621 patients) obtained from May 6, 2012, to June 30, 2021, were used in the study. We focused both their abdomen & pelvis CT’s first lumbar vertebrae axial cuts to predict DXA-equivalent BMD and bone mineral content (BMC). In each patient’s CT, we extracted the largest trabecular region of the L1 vertebral body as a region of interest (ROI) using the gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) technique, and linear regression was applied to predict the indices. Cases were divided by central obesity/overall obesity and normal group by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or index of central obesity (ICO) standard. Results: The coefficients were all above 0.73, respectively. P-values from ICO were over 0.05 when the measures were Hip BMD and Hip BMC. In contrast, those from ICO were 0.0131 and 0.0351 when the measures were L1 BMD and L1 BMC, respectively, which show a difference between the two groups. Conclusions: The CT HU texture analysis method was an effective and economical method for measuring DXA-equivalent BMD and BMC and evaluating the impact of obesity. We found that central obesity especially exerted an effect on the disturbance of the DXA-based measurements since groups were significantly different under the ICO standard.
Drosophila Keap1 xenobiotic response factor regulates nuclear architecture through interacting with B-type lamin
Authors: Carlson Jennifer , Neidviecky Emma , Cook Isabel , Deng Huai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a central regulator that mediates transcriptional response to xenobiotic and oxidative stimuli. Recent studies revealed that Keap1 and Nrf2 can regulate transcription other than antioxidant and detoxifying genes, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have found that Drosophila Keap1 (dKeap1) and Nrf2 (CncC) proteins can control high-order chromatin structure including heterochromatin. Here, we describe evidence supporting that dKeap1 regulates heterochromatin through the interaction with lamin, the intermediate filament proteins that form nuclear lamina and organize chromatin architecture. dKeap1 forms complex with the Drosophila B-type lamin, lamin Dm0, in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of dKeap1 relocated lamin to the intra-nuclear area and caused a spreading of the heterochromatin marker H3K9me2 to euchromatin regions. Mis-regulated dKeap1 also disrupted the nuclear lamina morphology. Knock down of dKeap1 partially rescued the lethality induced by lamin overexpression, suggesting that dKeap1 and lamin function in the same pathway during development. Taken together, these results support a model where dKeap1 regulates chromatin structure and transcription through interaction with lamin protein. This study reveals a novel epigenetic function of the Keap1 oxidative/xenobiotic response factor.
Prevalence, socio-demographic determinants, and self-reported reasons for hysterectomy and choice of hospitalization in India
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Kundu Jhumki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
There is limited evidence of hysterectomy in India because of a lack of data in large-scale, nationally representative health surveys. The fifth National Family Health Survey collected direct data on hysterectomy and self-reported reasons for the treatment among women of reproductive age in 2019–21 using the NFHS-5 dataset. This study evaluates the prevalence, determinants, and choice of hospitalization (Public vs. Private) for conducting hysterectomy in India among women aged 15–49 years in 29 states and seven union territories (UTs).
Methods
Cross-tabulations and percentage distributions were utilized to analyse the prevalence of hysterectomy and the choice of hospitalization (public vs. private) across different socioeconomic backgrounds and reasons for undergoing hysterectomy. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was also used to find statistically significant determinants of hysterectomy.
Results
In India as a whole, 3% of women aged 15–49 years had undergone a hysterectomy. The percentage of women who had undergone the procedure was found to vary considerably across the states and the UTs. A noticeable fact that emerged was that the majority of the hysterectomies were performed in the private sector in India. Age, place of residence, religion, caste, level of education, geographic region, wealth quintiles, parity, age at first cohabitation of women were found to be the socio-demographic determinants statistically associated with hysterectomy in India. The reasons frequently reported for hysterectomy were excessive menstrual bleeding/pain, followed by fibroids/cysts.
Conclusion
The percentage and likelihood of undergoing hysterectomy were relatively high among women, those who reside in rural areas, those without schooling, those who belonged to the richest wealth quintile, those with an early age at first cohabitation and those who reside in the eastern and southern parts of India. These findings have policy implications in that reproductive health programme managers should assure regular screening and treatment of issues that lead to hysterectomy.
Innovation of NURBS feedrate direct interpolator in five-axis for CNC high-precision and high-efficiency machining
Authors: Cao Libo , Wang Taiyong , Jia Songhui , Dong Jingchuan , Tian Chong , Tian Ying , Zheng Mingliang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The high-precision machining is restricted by truncation error and computational burden of second-order derivative in the second-order Taylor expansion (STE) interpolator which is usually used by scholars due to its advantages of high-precision and G3 continuity or higher. In conventional methods, the improved accuracy of interpolation parameter in the Taylor expansion interpolator will lead to a great increase in the computational burden of higher-order derivatives or compensation methods, resulting in degraded real-time performance. To tackle the bottlenecks, Non-uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS) feedrate direct interpolator (FDI) is proposed in the paper. The FDI for NURBS is divided into three parts, S-shaped acceleration/deceleration algorithm, feedrate scheduling, and the proposed FDI. In feedrate scheduling, four typical scheduling patterns are established to reduce the complexity of feedrate scheduling based on S-shaped flexible acceleration/deceleration and are used to obtained the maximum starting feedrate with feedrate constraint. The round method of feedrate duration must be adopted due to the non-integer multiple between interpolation period Ts and the generated duration time based on S-shaped acceleration/deceleration in conventional methods, while the proposed FDI completely follows the original feedrate produced by the feedrate scheduling. FDI is an equation in the continuous time domain rather than an inequality like STE, which can ensure the accuracy of interpolation parameter in theory. Furthermore, Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) system are inherently discrete-time systems, not continuous-time systems. Based on discrete features, the FDI equation is discretized to follow the precision of original feedrate duration which is the exact mapping of NURBS curve. The consistent precision greatly ensures the accuracy of the interpolation parameter in theory. Only with the original feedrate, can FDI directly obtain theoretically accurate interpolation parameter without any round and compensation method. With the proposed FDI, feedrate synchronous interpolator (FSI) method is proposed for dual-NURBS in five-axis machining. Only the tool tip interpolation parameter needs to be calculated by FDI and the interpolation parameter of tool orientation can be obtained by FSI directly with optimal tool attitude and high real-time performance. The FSI can make the tool orientation vector closer to the surface normal direction, which is more conducive to improving the cutting quality. Experiments were carried out on the machine tool to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method in improving machining efficiency and the accuracy of interpolation parameter, simultaneously.
Outcome of Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Trunk Treated by (Neo)adjuvant Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Curative Intention
Authors: Dapper Hendrik , Hoyer Annika , Diehl Christian , Knebel Carolin , Mogler Carolin , Borm Kai , Görner Martin , Dobiasch Sophie , Combs Stephanie E. , Peeken Jan C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a relatively rare group of malignant tumors. Currently, there is very little published clinical data, especially in the context of curative multimodal therapy with image-guided, conformal, intensity-modulated radiotherapy.METHODSPatients who received preoperative or postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy for STS of the extremities or trunk with curative intent were included in this single centre retrospective analysis. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate survival endpoints. Multivariable proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between survival endpoints and tumour-, patient-, and treatment-specific characteristics. RESULTS86 patients were included in the analysis. The most common histological subtypes were undifferentiated pleomorphic high-grade sarcoma (UPS) (27) and liposarcoma (22). More than two third of the patients received preoperative radiation therapy (72%). During the follow-up period, 39 patients (45%) suffered from some type of relapse, mainly remote (31%). The two-years overall survival rate was 88%. The median DFS was 48 months and the median DMFS was 51 months. Male gender (HR 0.460 (0.217; 0.973)) and histology of liposarcomas compared to UPS proved to be significantly more favorable in terms of DFS (HR 0.327 (0.126; 0.852)).CONCLUSIONConformal, intensity-modulated radiotherapy is an effective treatment modality in the preoperative or postoperative management of STS. Especially for the prevention of distant metastases, the establishment of modern systemic therapies or multimodal therapy approaches is necessary.
Rapid and unplanned urbanization in the least developed districts of Bangladesh: A case study from Jamalpur
Authors: Mamun SM Abdullah Al , Islam Md. Mozahidul , Okely Anthony D , Hossain Mohammad Sorowar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Urbanization monitoring is critical for planners, governments and non-governmental organizations, and scientists to design policies that maximize the use of natural resources and accommodate development while reducing environmental effects. The purpose of this research is to analyze how land use/land cover (LULC) has changed since 2001 in the largely unknown least developed districts of Bangladesh using multispectral satellite imagery. Utilizing object-based image classification and on-field validation for seven LULC classes, it was found that built-up area expanded by 622.65% during the past two decades depleting agricultural lands, water bodies, and vegetation. This study will act as a baseline for future studies and will be insightful to urban planners and policymakers in developing countries regarding urban sustainability and minimizing urban risks and hazards.
Blood DNA methylation signatures of lifestyle exposures: Tobacco and alcohol consumption
Authors: Chamberlain Jonviea D , Nusslé Sébastien , Chapatte Laurence , Kinnaer Cassandre , Petrovic Dusan , Pradervand Sylvain , Bochud Murielle , Harris Sarah E , Corley Janie , Cox Simon R , Nusslé Semira Gonseth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSmoking and alcohol consumption may compromise health by way of epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic signatures of alcohol and tobacco consumption could provide insights into the reversibility of phenotypic changes incurred with differing levels of lifestyle exposures. This study describes and validates two novel epigenetic signatures of tobacco (EpiTob) and alcohol (EpiAlc) consumption and investigates their association with disease outcomes.MethodsThe epigenetic signatures, EpiTob and EpiAlc, were developed using data from the the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) (N=730). Epigenetic and phenotypic data available from the 1921 (N=569) and 1936 (N=1091) Lothian Birth Cohort (LBC) studies, and two publicly available datasets on GEO Accession (GSE50660, N=464; and GSE110043, N=94) were used to validate the signatures. A multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for age and sex, was used to assess the association between self-reported tobacco or alcohol consumption and the respective epigenetic signature, as well as to estimate the association between CVD and the epigenetic signatures. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the risk of mortality in association with the EpiTob and EpiAlc signatures. ResultsThe EpiTob signature was positively associated with self-reported tobacco consumption for current or never smokers with explained variance ranging from 0.49 (LBC1921) to 0.72 (LBC1936) (pseudo-R2). In the SKIPOGH, LBC1921 and LBC1936 cohorts, the epigenetic signature for alcohol consumption explained limited variance in association with self-reported alcohol status [i.e., non-drinker, moderate drinker, and heavy drinker] (pseudo-R2=0.05, 0.03 and 0.03, respectively), although this improved considerably when measuring self-reported alcohol consumption with standardized units consumed per week (SKIPOGH R2=0.21; LBC1921 R2=0.31; LBC1936 R2=0.41). Both signatures were associated with history of CVD in SKIPOGH and LBC1936, but not in LBC1921. The EpiTob signature was associated with increased risk of all-cause and lung-cancer specific mortality in the 1936 and 1921 LBC cohorts.ConclusionsThis study found the EpiTob and EpiAlc signatures to be well-correlated with self-reported exposure status and associated with long-term health outcomes. Epigenetic signatures of lifestyle exposures may reduce measurement issues and biases and could aid in risk stratification for informing early-stage targeted interventions.
Pessary With Perineal Suture for Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Description and Benefit of the Technique
Authors: Febles Marta Pérez , Manso Sonia De Miguel , García Elena García , Pais Maria López , Gonzalez Maria Cuaresma , Nieto Marta Ibañez 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis:Vaginal pessaries are used as a conservative treatment for POP in women who do not want or are not candidates for surgery, or as a preliminary step to surgery. Our goals are:· Evaluate the evolution of patients with advanced POP and repeated expulsion of the pessary, who underwent perineal suture to try to maintain the device.· Describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients treated with pessaries in our environment, with or without perineal closure.Methods:Observational, descriptive and prospective study (October 2016-March 2021) that includes 352 women with advanced-stage POP treated with a pessary, of which 55, after repeated expulsion of the pessary, were treated with a pessary and perineal suture.Results:After pessary insertion associated with perineal closure, 26 patients (47.2%) expelled the pessary and underwent surgery, and 29 (52.8%) kept the device, avoiding surgery.Regarding the women who required perineal suture:The mean age was higher than in the group of patients who did not need this intervention (75.3 vs. 68.3 years), 94.5% had POP ≥ grade III and 100% had a perineal width >2.5cm. Conclusions:· Treatment with pessary and perineal closure avoids surgery in women with advanced age and repeated expulsion.· Although age should not be an independent factor that limits surgical treatment or the type of intervention, it would be useful to have scales to quantify the frailty of patients, being able to standardize perineal closure in elderly and/or frail women, and in those who do not want or have contraindications for surgery.