bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The demand-side dynamics of firms' within-industry geographic scope
Authors: Manral Lalit 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe author invokes the concept of strategic adaptation to first specify the evolutionary as well as the strategic character of the causal mechanism (“intra-industry exit”), and second to explain its effect on the evolution of firms' within-industry geographic scope. The author reconciles the two competing logics for firm behavior – strategic choice and environmental selection – that underpin alternate explanations for the relationship between intra-industry exit and the evolution of geographic scope. This paper contributes to both theory and empirics concerning the dynamics of firms' competitive scope, in general, and within-industry geographic scope, in particular.Design/methodology/approachThe US long-distance telecom services industry during the period 1984–1996, which satisfies the empirical requirements of a geographically fragmented industry characterized by demand-side heterogeneity across the submarkets, provides the research setting and panel data to test the empirical hypotheses.FindingsThe author finds that while the firms' overall performance influences their intra-industry exit decisions, it is the firm-in-market performance that influences their decision to exit a specific submarket. The author also finds that intra-industry exit decision, when influenced by firm performance, does lead to reduction in geographic scope.Research limitations/implicationsThis context-specific theory, which conceptualizes the dynamics of firms' geographic scope as an evolutionary process, explains the temporal change in the geographic scope of firms during the latter part of the demand growth stage of a geographically fragmented industry.Originality/valueThis analysis of the demand-side dynamics of firms' within-industry geographic scope focuses on the hypothetical causal effect of intra-industry exit, a pervasive business phenomenon. First, the demand-side analysis of the evolution of geographic scope is grounded in a theoretical framework that melds firm dynamics with submarket dynamics and industry dynamics. Second, this analysis explicates the demand-side underpinnings of the strategic adaptive mechanism.
Acoustic signature reveals blue whales tune life‐history transitions to oceanographic conditions
Authors: Oestreich William K. , Abrahms Briana , McKenna Megan F. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Crowder Larry B. , Ryan John P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Matching the timing of life‐history transitions with ecosystem phenology is critical for the survival of many species, especially those undertaking long‐distance migrations. As a result, whether and how migratory populations adjust timing of life‐history transitions in response to environmental variability are important questions in ecology and conservation. Yet the flexibility and drivers of life‐history transitions remain largely untested for migratory marine populations, which contend with the unique spatiotemporal dynamics and sensory conditions found in marine ecosystems.

Here, using an acoustic signature of blue whales’ regional population‐level transition from foraging to breeding migration, we document significant interannual flexibility in the timing of this life‐history transition (spanning roughly 4 months) over a continuous 6‐year study period.

We further show that variability in the timing of this transition follows the oceanographic phenology of blue whales’ foraging habitat, with a later transition from foraging to breeding migration occurring in years with an earlier onset, later peak and greater accumulation of biological productivity.

These findings indicate that blue whales delay the transition from foraging to southward migration in years of the highest and most persistent biological productivity, consistent with the hypothesis that this population maximizes energy intake on foraging grounds rather than departing towards breeding grounds as soon as sufficient energy reserves are accumulated.

The use of flexible cues (e.g. foraging conditions and long‐distance acoustic signals) in timing a major life‐history transition may be key to the persistence of this endangered population facing the pressures of rapid environmental change. Furthermore, these results extend theoretical understanding of the flexibility and drivers of population‐level migration to a relatively solitary marine migrant.

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Short Interest and Corporate Investment: Evidence from Supply Chain Partners†
Authors: Chen Xia , Gong Guojin , Luo Shuqing 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe investigate whether short interest affects supply chain partners' investments. This investigation is important for understanding the real effect of short sellers in facilitating stakeholders' investment decisions. Prior research suggests that short interest conveys negative news in a timely manner, which predicts future deterioration in firm fundamentals. We predict and find that a supplier's future investments decrease with its major customers' short interest. Consistent with predictions, this result is more pronounced when customers' short interest is more informative about their future performance, when customers have a more opaque information environment, and when suppliers incur lower customer switching costs. The results are robust when we use various approaches to address endogeneity concerns and establish causality. Our findings suggest that short sellers provide valuable information to supply chain partners when making investment decisions.
Limitation of standard pseudoisochromatic plates in identifying colour vision deficiencies when compared with genetic testing
Authors: Arnegard Solveig , Baraas Rigmor C. , Neitz Jay , Hagen Lene A. , Neitz Maureen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeThe Ishihara pseudoisochromatic (PIC) plate test is the most used test for identifying red‐green colour‐deficient individuals, but it is not known how the Ishihara results compare with that of genetics testing. Here, the outcome of genotype analysis of OPN1LW and OPN1MW was compared with that of the Ishihara (24‐plate ed., 1964) and the Hardy‐Rand‐Rittler (4th ed. 2002) PIC plate tests.MethodsHealthy participants with normal habitual visual acuity (n = 454, 16–24 years; 193 males; logMAR ≤ 0.00) gave saliva samples for opsin gene analysis and performed the two PIC plate tests as part of a cross‐sectional study. The criteria for failing the PIC tests were according to manufacturers' instructions. DNA was extracted and used in genotyping assays of OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes from each participant using the Agena MassArray genotyping system.ResultsTen male (5.2%) and 3 (1.1%) female participants were identified as red‐green colour deficient based on PIC tests alone. The combination of MassArray and PIC test results identified 10.4% of male and 0.8% of female participants to be colour deficient (males: 0.5% protan and 9.9% deutan; females: 0.8% deutan). Hardy–Weinberg calculations based on male frequencies from combining the MassArray and the PIC test results gave female frequency estimates of colour deficiency and carriers closely matching measured frequencies.ConclusionsMassArray identified twice as many colour‐deficient males as identified from PIC tests alone. Combining results from MassArray and the PIC tests proves to be more reliable than any single test at correctly identifying red‐green colour‐deficient individuals and carriers.
How does workplace ostracism hurt employee creativity? Thriving at work as a mediator and organization‐based self‐esteem as a moderator
Authors: Zhang Rui , Kang Haiying , Jiang Zhou , Niu Xiongying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrawing on the socially embedded model of thriving and conservation of resources theory, we explore the negative effect of workplace ostracism on employee thriving. We model organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) as a moderator and extend our examination to the downstream implications of thriving for employee creativity. Using a scenario‐based experiment (Study 1) with 387 working adults, we find that workplace ostracism is more likely to prevent workers with higher levels of OBSE from thriving at work. This finding is verified in Study 2, in which we use multiwave, multisource data collected from 207 employees and their supervisors to test the proposed model. The results further show that for employees with higher levels of OBSE, thriving at work is more likely to mediate the relationship between workplace ostracism and employee creativity. These findings provide important practical implications for fostering employee thriving and promoting creativity in the workplace by managing workplace ostracism.
Social gaze in preterm infants may act as an early indicator of atypical lateralization
Authors: Davis Rachael , Donati Georgina , Finnegan Kier , Boardman James P. , Dean Bethan , Fletcher‐Watson Sue , Forrester Gillian S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisual field biases have been identified as markers of atypical lateralization in children with developmental conditions, but this is the first investigation to consider early lateralized gaze behaviors for social stimuli in preterm infants. Eye‐tracking methods with 51 preterm (33 male, 92.1% White) and 61 term‐born (31 male, 90.1% White) infants aged 8–10 months from Edinburgh, UK, captured the development of visual field biases, comparing gaze behavior to social and non‐social stimuli on the left versus right of the screen. Preterm infants showed a significantly reduced interest to social stimuli on the left versus right compared to term children (d = .58). Preterm children exhibit early differential orienting preferences that may be an early indicator of atypical lateralized function.
Can a virtual learning module foster empathy in dental undergraduate students?
Authors: Anishchuk Sviatlana , Kubacki Angela , Howell Yvonne , van Harten Maria T. , Yarascavitch Carilynne , MacGiolla Phadraig Caoimhin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmpathy is an essential part of patient‐centred health care, which positively benefits both patients and clinicians. There is little agreement regarding how best to design and deliver training for healthcare trainees to impart the skills and behaviours of clinical empathy. The study aimed to inform the field by sharing an educational intervention where we aimed to improve empathy amongst dental undergraduate students in Trinity College Dublin using a virtual learning module.MethodsAdopting pre–post‐repeat pre‐experimental design, dental professional students completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) for Health Professional Students immediately prior to and after a three‐week virtual programme designed to increase clinical empathy. Using a three‐factor model described for the JSE in the literature, scores were evaluated for internal consistency and paired tests were performed on scores appropriate to their distributions. Seven‐point Likert scales were scored to record student experience of training and technology, which are reported descriptively.ResultsMost of the 37 participants were female (76%) and represented dental science (N = 27) and dental hygiene roles (N = 7). Results revealed a mean JSE‐HPS scale score rise from 110.0 (SD = 10.4) to 116.4 (SD = 11.1), which represented a rise of 5.8% (t (36) = 3.6, p = 0.001). The three factors associated with cognitive empathy, namely perspective‐taking (T(36) = 3.931, p < 0.001; walking in the patient's shoes T(36) = 2.093, p = 0.043); and compassionate care (Z = 2.469, p = 0.014) were all found to have increased after the intervention. Students reported a positive experience of discipline‐specific and generic videos as part of the module.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that a virtual educational module was associated with an increase in empathy amongst dental undergraduate students. The design of a blended module incorporating the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and virtual learning are beneficial and have a promising future.
Detecting patterns of vertebrate biodiversity across the multidimensional urban landscape
Authors: Alberti Marina , Wang Tianzhe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExplicit characterisation of the complexity of urban landscapes is critical for understanding patterns of biodiversity and for detecting the underlying social and ecological processes that shape them. Urban environments exhibit variable heterogeneity and connectivity, influenced by different historical contingencies, that affect community assembly across scales. The multidimensional nature of urban disturbance and co‐occurrence of multiple stressors can cause synergistic effects leading to nonlinear responses in populations and communities. Yet, current research design of urban ecology and evolutionary studies typically relies on simple representation of the parameter space that can be observed. Sampling approaches apply simple urban gradients such as linear transects in space or comparisons of urban sites across the urban mosaic accounting for a few variables. This rarely considers multiple dimensions and scales of biodiversity, and proves to be inadequate to explain observed patterns. We apply a multidimensional approach that integrates distinctive social, ecological and built characteristics of urban landscapes, representing variations along dimensions of heterogeneity, connectivity and historical contingency. Measuring species richness and beta diversity across 100 US metropolitan areas at the city and 1‐km scales, we show that distinctive signatures of urban biodiversity can result from interactions between socioecological heterogeneity and connectivity, mediated by historical contingency.
Modifications to rapid response team (medical emergency team) activation criteria and its impact on patient safety
Authors: Chinthamuneedi Raja M. , Phaltane Sandeep , Chinthamuneedi Meher P. , Kondalsamy‐Chennakesavan Srinivas , K. Cheung Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundModifications to rapid response team (RRT) activation criteria occur commonly in Australian hospitals without evidence to define their use.AimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of RRT activation criteria modifications in preventing RRT activation and differences in adverse events associated with treatment delays caused by modifications.MethodsA prospective chart audit of hospital patients with RRT activation criteria modifications admitted during a 12‐month period in a large regional hospital in Toowoomba, Australia. The incidence of RRT activation criteria modifications, RRT activations and rates of adverse events following criteria modifications were investigated. Adverse events were defined as a delayed treatment on the ward, unplanned intensive care unit admission, cardiac arrest and unexpected death. Differences in patient outcomes among medical and surgical patients were also investigated.ResultsA total of 271 patients out of 4009 admitted patients had modifications to their RRT activation criteria. There was no difference in rates of RRT activation in patients with modified criteria compared with patients with unmodified criteria (P = 0.37). In patients with RRT activation criteria modifications, rates of adverse events were higher in patients who met their modified RRT criteria (93.3%) compared with those who did not meet modified RRT criteria (3.8%; P < 0.001). Additionally, in patients with modifications, rates of adverse events were higher in medical patients (27.6%; n = 50) compared with surgical patients (15.6%; n = 14; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe results strongly suggest that RRT criteria modification is associated with no difference in rates of RRT activation and with detrimental impacts on patient safety, particularly in medical patients.
Patient‐reported experience measures in deprescribing for hospitalised older patients: a prospective, multicentre, observational study
Authors: Ngui Keat , Lam Patrick , Materne Mishael , Hilmer Sarah N. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundHospitalisation provides an opportunity for medication review and deprescribing. Patient‐reported experience measures (PREM) for deprescribing in older patients in hospital are not well described.AimsTo pilot test and describe PREM for deprescribing in older patients, compare PREM by patient characteristics and investigate patients’ awareness of medication changes on hospital discharge.MethodsThis prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study at two tertiary hospitals in Sydney, Australia, evaluated the PREM questionnaire developed by the NSW Therapeutic Advisory Group. It was completed by patients (or their next of kin) recruited from acute geriatric medicine and orthogeriatric services. Association with nine patient characteristics was analysed using the Chi‐squared test and multivariable regression. Awareness of medication changes and test–retest reliability were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOverall, 201 participants completed the questionnaire, with 170 eligible for analysis; 34 (20%) of 170 were aware of reduction or cessation of their usual medications on discharge and reported involvement in decision‐making and receiving enough information to reduce or stop one or more of their usual medications (positive PREM). Independent predictors of positive PREM included respondent (next of kin), hospital (Hospital 1), language (English) and specialty (acute geriatric medicine). Overall, 92 (59.4%) of 155 patients with medication changes were aware of those changes on hospital discharge.ConclusionsThese PREM are a feasible tool to examine older patients’ experiences of deprescribing in hospital and might be applied to evaluate interventions to improve awareness, shared decision‐making and provision of information when deprescribing for older patients.
The nutritional quality of food parcels provided by food banks and the effectiveness of food banks at reducing food insecurity in developed countries: a mixed‐method systematic review
Authors: Oldroyd Lucy , Eskandari Fatemeh , Pratt Charlotte , Lake Amelia A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch indicates that food parcels provided by food banks are nutritionally poor. Food insecurity and the use of food banks are both rising, with detrimental effects on the dietary intake and health of users. This mixed‐method systematic review aims to investigate the current nutritional adequacy of pre‐packaged food parcels and whether using food banks reduces the food insecurity and improves the dietary intake of their users.MethodsA mixed‐method systematic literature review, restricted to articles published from 2015, was conducted using eight electronic databases, four grey literature databases and eight relevant websites. Quantitative findings, investigating the nutritional quality of food parcels and/or their impact on dietary intake or food insecurity, were presented narratively. Qualitative findings reporting the views of food bank users regarding food from food banks underwent thematic synthesis. These independent syntheses were integrated using configurative analysis and presented narratively.ResultsOf 2189 articles, 11 quantitative and 10 qualitative were included. Food parcels were inconsistent at meeting nutritional requirements and often failed to meet individual needs, including cultural and health preferences. Using food banks improved food security and dietary quality of users, allowing otherwise unachievable access to food. However, food insecurity remained, and is explained by limited food variety, quality and choice. The mixed‐method findings support interventions to ensure consistent, adequate nutrition at food banks, including catering for individual needs.ConclusionsFood banks are a lifeline for those severely food insecure. However when used alone, food banks struggle to eliminate the heightened food insecurity of their users. Efforts to improve the nutritional quality of food parcels could improve the experiences and diet‐related outcomes of those requiring food banks.
The diagnostic value of glycosylated hemoglobin for gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiani , Zhou Fan , Xu Tingting , Xu Jinfeng , Li Yaqian , Lin Li , Cao Qi , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo investigate the role of glycosylated hemoglobin in assisting the oral glucose tolerance test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis in Asian populations.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to December 2020. Review Manager was applied to assess the quality of studies and risk of bias. MetaDiSc was used to measure diagnostic odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, area under receiving operating characteristic curve, and heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 19 original studies (32 669 women) were retrieved. The diagnostic efficiency of glycosylated hemoglobin was quantified from 4.5% to 6.0%. The pooled sensitivity (0.624, 0.609–0.638) and specificity and (0.624, 0.617–0.631) achieved optimal equilibrium at 5.0%. High sensitivity (0.911, 0.902–0.920) and low negative likelihood ratio (0.431, 0.365–0.508) at 4.6% as the rule‐out cut‐off, while with limited sensitivity, high specificity (0.990, 0.986–0.993) and positive likelihood ratio (8.309, 4.251–16.242) occurred at 5.8% as the rule‐in cut‐off. Heterogeneity was detected in parts of subgroup analyses (I2 > 50%). The diagnostic odds ratio and 95% confidence interval performance were better in the population with risk factors (6.314, 3.543–11.254) than those without (4.178, 2.332–7.488).ConclusionsGlycosylated hemoglobin is a potential tool in assisting GDM diagnosis in Asian populations, which has a better applicability based on the rule‐out and rule‐in algorithm (4.6%–5.8%), particularly for pregnant women with risk factors.
The first wave of COVID‐19 and concurrent social restrictions were not associated with a negative impact on mental health and psychiatric well‐being
Authors: Love Thorvardur Jon , Wessman Inga , Gislason Gauti Kjartan , Rognvaldsson Saemundur , Thorsteinsdottir Sigrun , Sigurdardottir Gudrun Asta , Thordardottir Asdis Rosa , Eythorsson Elias , Asgeirsdottir Tinna Laufey , Aspelund Thor , Bjornsson Andri Steinthor , Kristinsson Sigurdur Yngvi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and efforts to contain it have substantially affected the daily lives of most of the world's population.ObjectiveWe describe the impact of the first COVID‐19 wave and associated social restrictions on the mental health of a large adult population.MethodsWe performed a cohort study nested in a prospective randomized clinical trial, comparing responses during the first COVID‐19 wave to previous responses. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) of the population moving up one severity category on validated instruments used to measure stress (PSS‐10), anxiety (GAD‐7), depression (PHQ‐9), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Responses were linked to inpatient and outpatient ICD‐10 codes from registries. Models were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, and pre‐existing diagnoses of mental illness.ResultsOf 63,848 invited participants, 42,253 (66%) responded. The median age was 60 (inter‐quartile range 53–68) and 19,032 (45%) were male. Responses during the first wave of COVID‐19 did not suggest increased stress (OR 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93–1.01; p = 0.28) or anxiety (OR 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.05; p = 0.61), but were associated with decreased depression (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85–0.93, p < 0.0001) and increased satisfaction with life (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08–1.16, p < 0.0001). A secondary analysis of repeated measures data showed similar results.ConclusionsSocial restrictions were sufficient to contain the pandemic but did not negatively impact validated measures of mental illness or psychiatric well‐being. However, responses to individual questions showed signs of fear and stress. This may represent a normal, rather than pathological, population response to a stressful situation.