bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on the severity of atopic dermatitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hidayati Afif Nurul , Sawitri Sawitri , Sari Desiana Widityaning , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Indramaya Diah Mira , Damayanti Damayanti , Zulkarnain Iskandar , Citrashanty Irmadita , Widia Yuri , Anggraeni Sylvia 
Published: March 2022

Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a common dermatosis in children, that includes skin architecture defects, immune dysregulation, and changes of skin flora. Several new drugs have been found to reduce the severity of AD. Vitamin D is one of the new therapies that is still controversial. The purpose of this research is to conclude the efficacy of vitamin D on atopic dermatitis severity in children aged 0-18 years old. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on the PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Clinical Trial website, and university repositories including studies published from January 2010 through October 2020. We compared populations, intervention, study design, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was done with Review Manager 5.4.1. Results: Eight articles met eligibility and inclusion criteria, four articles provided complete data and were analysed. Not all studies demonstrated the efficacy of vitamin D but a meta-analysis of four studies of vitamin D supplementation vs placebo found a mean difference of -0.93 (95%CI -1.76, to -0.11, p<0.001) of patient outcome, but statistically, there was no difference in cure rate (risk ratio 1.46 (95%CI 0.72, to 2.97, p=0.008) in vitamin D supplementation groups compared to placebo groups. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation in paediatric atopic dermatitis patients could offer improvement of disease severity but the recommended dose and duration of administration cannot be concluded yet.
Effect of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength, post-operative pulmonary complications and pulmonary function in abdominal surgery- Evidence from systematic reviews.
Authors: Amaravadi Sampath Kumar , Shah Khyati , Samuel Stephen Rajan , N Ravishankar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following abdominal surgery are common in patients owing to patient-related and procedure-related risk factors. Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) along with various chest physiotherapy manipulations and adjuncts have been proven to reduce PPCs. Current evidence suggests that IMT proves beneficial in reducing PPCs without additional management in varying types of surgeries. The objective of this review was to synthesize the findings from systematic reviews that evaluate the effectiveness of IMT on abdominal surgery and assess their methodological quality. Methods This review was formed following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42020177876, OSF registry: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/K8NGV). A comprehensive search strategy identifying the effectiveness of IMT on abdominal surgery was developed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane database of a systematic review, and ClinicalKey. Methodological quality assessment was done using AMSTAR 2 tool. Data on characteristics of intervention and outcome measures were extracted. Results The search yielded 1249 articles, out of which 4 systematic reviews and meta-analysis; reviewing 9 randomized controlled trials; met the inclusion criteria. The most-reported outcome measures were respiratory muscle strength, PPCs, and pulmonary function tests. The overall quality of systematic reviews reported was high. The results for meta-analysis conducted on outcome measure PPCs, i.e., atelectasis and pneumonia reported RR=0.40 (95%CI 0.19 to 0.88), I2=0%, and RR=0.41 (95%CI 0.41 to 1.19), I2=0% respectively and maximum inspiratory pressure was MD=4.97, (95% CI -5.07 to 15.01), I2= 53%. Conclusions The review concluded that IMT is a beneficial intervention when given 2 weeks before surgery for a minimum of 15 minutes in reducing PPCs. However, factors concerning breathing cycles, respiratory flow, and rest interval should be observed for better management.
Defining discovery: Is Google Scholar a discovery platform? An essay on the need for a new approach to scholarly discovery
Authors: Achenbach Kelly , Błaszczyńska Marta , De Paoli Stefano , Di Donato Francesca , Dumouchel Suzanne , Forbes Paula , Kraker Peter , Vignoli Michela 
Published: March 2022

This essay discusses the concept of discovery, intended as content discovery, and defines it in the new context of Open Science, with a focus on Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). Starting from the example of Google Scholar, the authors argue that this well-established service does not address the current needs, practices, and variety of discovery. Alternatives in terms of technical choices, features, and governance, do however exist, offering richer and more open discovery. The paper presents, in particular, the implementations and research work of the H2020 project TRIPLE (Transforming Research through Innovative Practices for Linked Interdisciplinary Exploration). Dedicated to the building of a discovery platform for the SSH, the project is meant to address the specificities and evolution of discovery in this field. Prevailing scholarly resource platforms like Google Scholar limit discovery by focussing only on publications, and favouring through their algorithm well-cited papers, English content, and discipline-specific resources. A limitation in the context of cross-disciplinary and collaborative Open Science, such a service more specifically hinders discovery in the SSH. Characterized by a fragmented landscape, a variety of languages, data types, and outputs, research in the SSH requires services that fully exploit discovery potentialities. Moreover, a survey conducted within the TRIPLE project showed that most SSH researchers use Google Scholar as their starting point, and that they recognise the lack of control they have with this system. Beyond the extension of features and content, transparency is the other important criterion for the building of an open infrastructure serving the research community. In light of this, we present the GoTriple platform, which exploits today’s technological potential and incorporates the best known functionalities, in order to unveil more and innovative scholarly outputs and lead to international and interdisciplinary research project collaborations.
Low diagnostic yield and time to diagnostic confirmation results in prolonged use of antimicrobials in critically ill children
Authors: Clark John , White Deborah , Daubney Esther , Curran Martin , Bousfield Rachel , Gouliouris Theodore , Powell Elizabeth , Palmer Adam , Agrawal Shruti , Inwald David , Kean Iain , Török M. Estée , Baker Stephen , Pathan Nazima 
Published: March 2022

Background: Broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we aimed to review indications for antimicrobial therapy, determine the proportion of suspected bacterial infections that are confirmed by culture, and assess the time taken for microbiology test results to become available in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: A single-centre prospective observational cohort study of 100 consecutive general PICU admissions from 30 October 2019 to 19 February 2020. Data were collected from the hospital medical record and entered into a study database prior to statistical analysis using standard methods. Results: Of all episodes of suspected infection, 22% of lower respiratory tract infection, 43% of bloodstream and 0% of central nervous system infection were associated with growth on microbiology culture. 90% of children received antimicrobial therapy. Hospital-acquired infection occurred less commonly than primary infection, but an organism was grown in a greater proportion (64%) of cultures. Final laboratory reports for negative cultures were issued at a median of 120.3 hours for blood cultures and 55.5 hours for endotracheal tube aspirate cultures. Conclusions: Despite most critically children receiving antimicrobial therapy, infection was often not microbiologically confirmed. Novel molecular diagnostics may improve rationalisation of treatment in this population.
Pandemic preparedness and responsiveness of research review committees: lessons from review of COVID-19 protocols at KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme in Kenya
Authors: Hinga Alex , Jeena Lisha , Awuor Esther , Kahindi Jane , Munene Marianne , Kinyanjui Samson , Molyneux Sassy , Marsh Vicki , Kamuya Dorcas 
Published: March 2022

Background: The scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and novelty of SARS-CoV-2 presented unprecedented challenges in the review of COVID-19 protocols. We investigated how research at the Kenya Medical Research Institute - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) was reviewed, including by institutional and national level committees. Methods: A document review and in-depth interviews with researchers, regulators and research reviewers were conducted. Documents reviewed included research logs of all protocols submitted between April-1-2020 and March-31-2021, feedback letters from review committees for 10 new COVID-19 protocols (n=42), and minutes from 35 COVID-19 research review meetings. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with respondents purposively selected because of their experience of developing or reviewing COVID-19 protocols at the institution level (n=9 researchers, engagement officers and regulators) or their experience in reviewing proposals at a national-level (n=6 committee members). Data were managed and analyzed using MS Excel and NVivo12. Results: Between April-1-2020 and March-31-2021, 30 COVID-19-related submissions by KWTRP researchers were approved. Changes to the review system included strengthening the online system for protocol submission and review, recruiting more reviewers, and trialing a joint review process. The turnaround time from submission to national approval/rejection over this period was faster than pre-pandemic, but slower than the national committee’s target. COVID-19-specific ethics questions centred on: virtual informed consent and data collection; COVID-19 prevention, screening and testing procedures; and the challenges of study design and community engagement during the pandemic. Conclusions: The unprecedented challenges of the pandemic and added bureaucratic requirements created a more complex review process and delayed final approval of research protocols. The feasibility of conducting joint review of research during public health emergencies in Kenya needs further investigation. Consideration of the unique COVID-19 ethics issues raised in this paper might aid expedience in current and future reviews.
Bayesian Optimization Allowing for Common Random Numbers
Authors: Pearce Michael Arthur Leopold , Poloczek Matthias , Branke Juergen 
Published: March 2022

More Efficient Bayesian Optimization Through the Use of Common Random Numbers Bayesian optimization is a powerful tool for expensive stochastic black-box optimization problems, such as simulation-based optimization or hyperparameter tuning in machine learning systems. In “Bayesian Optimization Allowing for Common Random Numbers,” Pearce, Poloczek, and Branke show how explicitly modeling the random seed in the Gaussian process surrogate model allows Bayesian optimization to exploit the structure in the noise and benefit from variance reduction provided by common random numbers. The proposed knowledge gradient with common random numbers acquisition function iteratively determines a combination of input and random seed to evaluate the objective. It automatically trades off reusing old seeds to benefit from the variance reduction through common random numbers and querying new seeds to avoid bias because of a small number of seeds. The proposed algorithm is analyzed theoretically and empirically shows superior performance compared with previous approaches on various test problems.
Actively tunable terahertz metasurface absorber due to surface phonon polaritons
Authors: Gao Feng Wei , Sui Chao , Zhou Sheng , Fu Shu Fang , Wang Xuan , Song Yu Ling , Zhang Qiang , Liang Hong , Wang Xuan Zhang 
Published: March 2022

A tunable terahertz (THz) metasurface (MS) absorber based on the surface phonon polariton (SPhP) is proposed based on a layered structure that consists of a split-silver-ring array followed by a graphene layer, polar crystal layer, and silver layer. A dynamically tunable, polarization-independent, and angle-insensitive MS absorber is numerically investigated at THz frequencies. By changing the Fermi energy of graphene from 0 to 1.0 eV, the state of the absorber can switch between the OFF state (with an absorptivity above 90%) and ON state (with an absorptance below 3%). The switching intensity (SI) of the absorber remains greater than 80% for TE incidence wave with incident angles from 0° to 70° and for TM incidence wave incident angles from 0° to 40° in the frequency range from 2.74 to 3.51 THz. These results should be helpful in guiding the design of THz tunable devices such as optical switches, smart absorbers, and imaging.
Inhomogeneous acoustic grating model for stimulated Brillouin scattering
Authors: Jia Xiaohong , Luo Ningning , Hao Zhongqi , Xu Jinjun , He Xingdao , Shi Jiulin 
Published: March 2022

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is well recognized as being useful in quantum information processing, optical fiber sensing, and LIDAR remote sensing. Here an inhomogeneous acoustic grating model based on coupled wave and dielectric grating theories is established to analyze the SBS process in water. The acoustic grating modulation process was theoretically analyzed based on the proposed model. The results show that variations of the Stokes peak intensity, frequency shift, and linewidth of SBS in water depend on the cosinusoidal refractive index modulation and periodic modulation of the acoustic grating. To verify the theoretical simulation results, an experimental system was designed to measure the SBS process in seawater with different temperatures and salinities. Theoretical results show coincidence with experimental values in the variation trend, and the numerical difference is about 10 MHz per degree Celsius or one thousandth of salinity. This work is essential to future applications of SBS in quantum communication, fiber sensing, and LIDAR technology.
Clinicopathologic characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients in Mexico City: A post-mortem analysis using a minimally invasive autopsy approach
Authors: Nava-Santana Carlos , Rodríguez-Armida María , Jiménez José Víctor , Vargas-Parra Nancy , León Diana E. Aguilar , Campos-Murguia Alejandro , Macías-Rodriguez Ricardo , Arteaga-Garrido Andrés , Hernández-Villegas Antonio C. , Dominguez-Cherit Guillermo , Rivero-Sigarroa Eduardo , Gamboa-Dominguez Armando , Gullias-Herrero Alfonso , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Uribe-Uribe Norma Ofelia , Morales-Buenrostro Luis E. 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Describe the histological findings of minimally ultrasound-guided invasive autopsies in deceased patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 and compare the diagnostic yield with open autopsies.

Design
Observational post-mortem cohort study. Minimally invasive ultrasound-guided autopsies were performed in fourteen deceased patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Histological and clinical findings of lung, kidney, and liver tissue are described and contrasted with those previously reported in the literature.

Setting
Single-center COVID-19 reference center in Mexico City.

Results
Fourteen minimally invasive autopsies revealed a gross correlation with open autopsies reports: 1) Lung histology was characterized mainly by early diffuse alveolar damage (12/13). Despite low lung compliances and prolonged mechanical ventilation, the fibrotic phase was rarely observed (2/13). 2) Kidney histopathology demonstrated acute tubular injury (12/13), interstitial nephritis (11/13), and glomerulitis (11/13) as the predominant features 3) Liver histology was characterized by neutrophilic inflammation in all of the cases, as well as hepatic necrosis (8/14) despite minimal alterations in liver function testing. Hepatic steatosis was observed in most cases (12/14). SARS-CoV-2 positivity was widely observed throughout the immunohistochemical analysis. However, endothelitis and micro thrombosis, two of the hallmark features of the disease, were not observed.

Conclusion
Our data represents the largest minimally invasive, ultrasound-guided autopsy report. We demonstrate a gross histological correlation with large open autopsy cohorts. However, this approach might overlook major histologic features of the disease, such as endothelitis and micro-thrombosis. Whether this represents sampling bias is unclear.
Study protocol for the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-COV-2 Infections Registry (INSPIRE): A longitudinal study of the medium and long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: O’Laughlin Kelli N. , Thompson Matthew , Hota Bala , Gottlieb Michael , Plumb Ian D. , Chang Anna Marie , Wisk Lauren E. , Hall Aron J. , Wang Ralph C. , Spatz Erica S. , Stephens Kari A. , Huebinger Ryan M. , McDonald Samuel A. , Venkatesh Arjun , Gentile Nikki , Slovis Benjamin H. , Hill Mandy , Saydah Sharon , Idris Ahamed H. , Rodriguez Robert , Krumholz Harlan M. , Elmore Joann G. , Weinstein Robert A. , Nichol Graham ,   for the INSPIRE Investigators
Published: March 2022

Background
Reports on medium and long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections largely lack quantification of incidence and relative risk. We describe the rationale and methods of the Innovative Support for Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Registry (INSPIRE) that combines patient-reported outcomes with data from digital health records to understand predictors and impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods
INSPIRE is a prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study of individuals with symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in eight regions across the US. Adults are eligible for enrollment if they are fluent in English or Spanish, reported symptoms suggestive of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and if they are within 42 days of having a SARS-CoV-2 viral test (i.e., nucleic acid amplification test or antigen test), regardless of test results. Recruitment occurs in-person, by phone or email, and through online advertisement. A secure online platform is used to facilitate the collation of consent-related materials, digital health records, and responses to self-administered surveys. Participants are followed for up to 18 months, with patient-reported outcomes collected every three months via survey and linked to concurrent digital health data; follow-up includes no in-person involvement. Our planned enrollment is 4,800 participants, including 2,400 SARS-CoV-2 positive and 2,400 SARS-CoV-2 negative participants (as a concurrent comparison group). These data will allow assessment of longitudinal outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison of the relative risk of outcomes in individuals with and without infection. Patient-reported outcomes include self-reported health function and status, as well as clinical outcomes including health system encounters and new diagnoses.

Results
Participating sites obtained institutional review board approval. Enrollment and follow-up are ongoing.

Conclusions
This study will characterize medium and long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection among a diverse population, predictors of sequelae, and their relative risk compared to persons with similar symptomatology but without SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data may inform clinical interventions for individuals with sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among severely ill psychiatric patients in Eastern Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Fentie Dilnessa , Derese Tariku 
Published: March 2022

Background
Globally, the burden of overweight and obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor and is even higher among patients with psychiatric disorders compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive substance use, and unhealthy diets common among patients with psychiatric disorders, as well as the negative metabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being a high burden among patients with psychiatric illness, little attention is given to them during routine reviews in psychiatric clinics in most African nations, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence of and associated risk factors for overweight and obesity among patients with psychiatric illnesses.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between severely ill psychiatric patients and non-psychiatric patients in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. The study included 192 study participants (96 psychiatric patients and 96 non-psychiatric controls). Weight and height were measured for 192 study participants. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients were described. The data were cleaned and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 21. The intergroup comparisons were performed using an independent sample t-test and Chi-square tests. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association between overweight/obesity and the associated variables.

Results
The magnitude of overweight/obesity was significantly higher in the severely ill psychiatric groups (43.8%) than in the non-exposed controls (20.80%). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was highest in major depressive disorders (40%), followed by schizophrenia (32%), and bipolar disorder (28%).

Conclusions
There was a high prevalence of obesity/overweight among psychiatric patients. Educational status, unemployment, and late stages of the disease were significant predictors of overweight/ obesity. Clinicians should be aware of the health consequences of overweight/obesity, and considering screening strategies as a part of routine psychiatric care is strongly recommended.
Individual, community, and structural factors associated with linkage to HIV care among people diagnosed with HIV in Tennessee
Authors: Ahonkhai Aima A. , Rebeiro Peter F. , Jenkins Cathy A. , Rickles Michael , Cook Mekeila , Conserve Donaldson F. , Pierce Leslie J. , Shepherd Bryan E. , Brantley Meredith , Wester Carolyn 
Published: March 2022

Objective
We assessed trends and identified individual- and county-level factors associated with individual linkage to HIV care in Tennessee (TN).

Methods
TN residents diagnosed with HIV from 2012–2016 were included in the analysis (n = 3,751). Individuals were assigned county-level factors based on county of residence at the time of diagnosis. Linkage was defined by the first CD4 or HIV RNA test date after HIV diagnosis. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate probability of 30-day linkage to care at the individual-level and the contribution of individual and county-level factors to this outcome.

Results
Both MSM (aRR 1.23, 95%CI 0.98–1.55) and women who reported heterosexual sex risk factors (aRR 1.39, 95%CI 1.18–1.65) were more likely to link to care within 30-days than heterosexual males. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had poorer linkage than White individuals (aRR 0.77, 95%CI 0.71–0.83). County-level mentally unhealthy days were negatively associated with linkage (aRR 0.63, 95%CI: 0.40–0.99).

Conclusions
Racial disparities in linkage to care persist at both individual and county levels, even when adjusting for county-level social determinants of health. These findings suggest a need for structural interventions to address both structural racism and mental health needs to improve linkage to care and minimize racial disparities in HIV outcomes.