bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Planning and Working Memory of Executive Functions in Cochlear Implanted Children
Authors: Gharashi Karim , Abdi Reza 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: Today, hearing loss affects various aspects of executive functions and cognitive rehabilitation is important in increasing planning capacity and working memory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on planning and working memory of executive functions in cochlear implanted children.
Methods: This study was a semi-experimental clinical trial. Using the purposive sampling method, 24 hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group (12 subjects) and a control group (12 subjects). The experimental group received 12 treatment sessions based on a protocol of cognitive rehabilitation program for executive functions (spatial planning and working memory), while the control group did not participate in this program. We assessed executive function using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), which assessed the Stockings of Cambridge (SOC) and Attention switching task (AST).
Results: The results of MANCOVA were shown to be effective at the post-test stage for improving executive function in the experimental group (p≤0.001). But there was no significant difference in stockings of Cambridge problem solve and stockings of Cambridge move 4 between two groups after the intervention.
Conclusion: There was a significant increase in spatial planning and spatial working memory of the experimental group. Cognitive rehabilitation can be a useful intervention to improve spatial planning and spatial working memory in cochlear implanted hearing-impaired children.

Keywords: Cognitive rehabilitation; executive function; hearing-impaired; cochlear implant
Effect of Compression Type and Number of Channels on Speech Perception in Quiet in Listeners with Different Audiogram Configurations
Authors: Narayanan Sreena Ediyarath , Manjula Puttabasappa 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim: The flexibility to control the gain in different frequency regions by setting compression parameters in a larger number of compression channels in hearing aids will be advantageous to individuals with a sloping audiogram. The objective of the study was to compare the aided speech identification scores and speech quality ratings in quiet for three aided conditions (i.e. 4-channel, 8-channel, and 16-channel), with syllabic and dual compression, at two input levels (60 dB SPL and 80 dB SPL) in individuals with flat, gently sloping, and steeply sloping sensorineural hearing loss.
Methods: The participants were 36 native speakers of Kannada adults with sensorineural hearing loss. In a repeated-measures design, aided speech identification score for sentences in quiet and speech quality ratings were obtained at two input levels (60 dB SPL and 80 dB SPL) with three hearing aids (having 4-, 8-, & 16- channels), programmed for dual and syllabic compression settings.
Results: The results revealed that there was no significant difference in the aided speech identification scores and speech quality ratings, in different aided conditions, in the three groups.
Conclusion: There was no additional perceptual benefit in quiet with an increase in the number of channels (from 4 to 16) in hearing aids, either in syllabic or dual compression, at conversation speech level or loud speech level, in individuals with different audiogram configurations.
Keywords: Multichannel compression; syllabic compression; dual compression; audiogram configuration; speech identification score; speech quality rating
Evaluation of Embryonal Protective Effect of Melatonin against Apoptotic Effect of Methadone in Embryo Tissues of Mice
Authors: Akbarzadeh Maryam , Nemati Farkhondeh , Shaki Fatemeh , Dehpouri Gouibari Abbas Ali , Ataee Ramin 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Methadone is a substance that is widely used in the substitution treatment of opiate addiction. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin on apoptosis induced by transfer of transplacental methadone in mice.
Methods: This study was an experimental study aimed to assay apoptotic effect of placenta transferred methadone on brain, liver and kidney tissues and to study protective effect of melatonin in an embryo model in mice. Bulb-C mice weighing 25-30 g were kept in four shelves (3 females and one male) and checked daily for the sterile cycle. For mice with vaginal plugs, the first day of pregnancy was considered. After confirmation of pregnancy, female mice were divided into 5 groups of 6, which included the control group, methadone (10 mg / kg) and melatonin groups in three doses (2, 4, 6 mg / kg / day) by IP injection for half an hour before prescribing methadone. This prescription was given for 10 days from the beginning of pregnancy. After the infants were born, their liver, brain, and kidneys were removed and they underwent immunohistochemical tests for apoptotic expression of Bcl2, BAX, and Caspase3 proteins. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 22 statistical software and Chi-square (Chi 2) and Fisher tests (P <0.01).
Results: This study showed that melatonin at dose 4 and 6mg/kg has decreased apoptotic protein BAX and Caspase9 and increased anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 expression approximately, but these results were not significant statistically (P>0.05). In addition, for dose of 0.2 mg/kg of melatonin, there was not any apoptotic effect.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that melatonin has almost a protective effect against apoptotic effect induced by placental transfer of methadone especially via its increasing effects on Bcl2, but this anti-apoptotic effect was not significant and needed for more precise studies.
Evaluation of Complications of Covid-19 in Children Admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd (March 2020 - March 2021)
Authors: Yazdian Meysam , Ferdosian Farzad , Nafei Zahra , Naghibi Mohamad , Akbarian Elahe 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The World Health Organization first reported outbreaks of COVID-19 in 2019 in Wuhan, China. Limited studies have been performed on long-term complications after the acute phase of this disease in children. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of children who had previously been hospitalized with COVID-19.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, long-term complications in 105 children less than 18 years of age suspected of having Covid-19 disease were assessed (2020-2021). This evaluation was performed by completing a questionnaire by patients' families three months after discharge and collecting information from the patients' records at the time of hospitalization. Participants were also classified into four age groups. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: All 105 children suspected of having COVID-19 who were hospitalized during the mentioned period were included in this study, but the families of 80 children completed the questionnaire. The most common long-term complications in the patients were mood disorders (35.2%), loss of appetite (22.9%), and fatigue (20%), respectively. It has also been found that with the increasing age of the patients, the incidence of complications has increased.
Conclusion: This study results demonstrated that the most common side effects observed in trimester follow-up of children with COVID-19 are mood disorders, loss of appetite, and fatigue, respectively. Thus, post-COVID-19 complications cannot be dismissed among children and adolescents. Controlled population-based studies and further in-depth analyses are needed to confirm their impact on individuals and health care systems.
Drug Prescription Knowledge and Practices among Dental Students and Interns Enrolled in Selected Yemeni Universities
Authors: Al-Wesabi Mohammed Ali , Al-Sanaani Saba , Al-Taybi Shrooq , Binrugaan Somya , Al-Raih Altaf , Albashari Abdullkhaleg , Ebrahem Hisham Ebrahem 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To assess the drug prescription knowledge among dental students and interns in public and private Yemeni universities.
Methods: A descriptive, observational study of drug prescription knowledge and practices was conducted through the distribution of self-administrated questionnaires to a total of 464 dental students and interns enrolled in four universities in Yemen in 2015. The study investigated the factors to be considered before drug prescribing, indications for prescribing antibiotics in dental situations, common antibiotics and analgesics prescribed, difficulties in writing a prescription and knowledge of the World Health Organization’s Guide to Good Prescribing. Findings were presented as descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages, and differences and associations were tested at P-values <0.05.
Results: The majority of respondents were females (65.9%; 304/464), being enrolled in public universities (54.1%; 251/464) and from the fifth level of study (54.9%; 251/464). The mean respondents’ age was 23.0 ±1.3 years (range: 22–32). Presence of systemic diseases (75.0%), pregnancy status (72.2%) and presence of allergies (68.8%) were the factors most frequently considered by the respondents prior to drug prescribing. On the other hand, presence of abscesses was the most frequent reason for prescribing antibiotics (36.6%). Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (74.1%), while paracetamol (58.2%) and ibuprofen (47.0%) were the most frequently prescribed analgesics. Not knowing the brand names of prescribed drugs and wrongly filled prescriptions were the most frequent errors in writing prescriptions, being reported by 79.3% and 55.3% of respondents, respectively. Regarding the factors associated with common prescribing errors, female students had significantly more errors than their male counterparts regarding the posology and knowledge of brand names. In addition, fifth-level students reported significantly fewer errors in writing a drug prescription than fourth-level students, and the interns showed fewer errors than their undergraduate colleagues. Moreover, students from public universities reported significantly more errors in knowing brand names and duration of treatment than private university students.
Conclusions: Dental students enrolled at the fourth and fifth levels as well as in the internship year of dentistry have insufficient knowledge and skills in prescribing drugs used in the dental field because of the perceived gaps in clinical pharmacology courses during their study. Revising the timing and content of pharmacology courses in dental curricula is required in light of the positive aspects of those from the dental faculties worldwide, emphasizing on drug prescribing skills and preparing dental students well before the clinical levels of the study program.
Factors Associated with Post-Transplant Anemia among Renal Transplant Recipients with Functioning Grafts in Sana’a City, Yemen
Authors: Othman Arwa M. , Abuasba Nagib W. , Saif-Ali Riyadh 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To assess the factors associated with anemia in renal transplant recipients with functioning grafts in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: One hundred and thirteen adult renal transplant recipients with functioning grafts were enrolled in this study in the period from Janury to December 2014. Biodata and clinical data were collected using a pre-designeddata collection sheet. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured, and anemia was defined as Hb concentration less than13.0 g/dLin males and less than 12.0 g/dL in females. The factors associated with anemia were analyzed, and independent predictors of post-transplant anemia (PTA) among renal transplant recipients were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model.
Results: PTA was detected in 23.0% of renal transplant recipients with functioning grafts. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association of PTA with age of 50 years or older (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.10–6.72; P = 0.03), history of acute rejection (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.17–11.28; P = 0.019) and delayed graft function (OR = 6.2; 95% CI:1.60–24.16; P = 0.004). Multivariable analysis using a logistic regression model identified history of acute rejection (adjusted OR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.11–12.94; P = 0.034) and delayed graft function (adjusted OR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.07–19.81; P = 0.04) as independent risk factors for PTA among recipients. However, no association was found between PTA and recipient’s gender, graft source, immunosuppressive protocols, erythropoietin treatment or use of antihypertensive drugs.
Conclusions: The prevalence of PTA among Yemeni renal transplant recipients is high, with history of acute rejection and delayed graft function being the independent risk factors. Therefore, it is recommended that physicians involved in renal transplantation consider the investigation and follow-up of transplant recipients for PTA and adopt appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Stomach Cancer among Patients Admitted to the Surgical Departments of Teaching Hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen
Authors: Gilan Waleed M. A , Al-Katta Mohammed A. , Boutage Taha 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To describe the characteristics of stomach cancer among patients admitted to the surgical departments of teaching hospitals in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study was conducted to identify the characteristics of stomach cancer among patients admitted to the surgical departments of two major teaching hospitals in Sana’a; namely, Kuwait University Hospital of Sana’a University and University of Science & Technology Hospital, in the period from January 2011 to June 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical data in addition to the characteristics of stomach cancer among 106 documented cases admitted over the study period were retrieved from the medical records and analyzed.
Results: Of the stomach cancer patients admitted over the study period, 55.7% were males and 52.8% were aged 50–70 years old. The most frequent symptom was dyspepsia (96.2%) followed by weight loss (88.7%) and loss of appetite (81.1%). Dysphagia was present in 56.6% of the patients, while upper and lower gastrointestinal bleedings were present in 15.1% and 6.0% of the patients, respectively. Palpable masses were present among 35.8% of the patients, being most frequently observed in the pylorus and antrum (22.1%) and the body of the stomach (18.9%) as revealed by abdominal computed tomography. Regarding the histopathologic findings of endoscopic biopsies, tumors were well-differentiated in 32.1% and moderately or poorly differentiated in 26.4% of the patients each. However, moderately-to-poorly differentiated and lymphoma were less frequent (5.7%, each) and the gastrointestinal stromal tumor was observed in 1.9% of the patients.
Conclusions: Clinicopathologic characteristics of stomach cancer among Yemeni patients are consistent with those documented internationally.
Conventional versus Modified Preauricular Incision Approaches to the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis in Sana’a City, Yemen: A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Al-Hudaid Ali , Hussien Mohammed , Al-Wesabi Mohammed , Aldialami Abdullwahab , Helmi Jameel 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To compare between the conventional and modified preauricular incision approaches to the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis among Yemeni patients in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: This comparative clinical study recruited ten patients (7 males and 3 females; age range: 6–35 years) with true fully or partially bony or fibrous TMJ ankylosis. These patients were admitted to and followed up in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology Hospital in Sana’a in the period from May 2013 to February 2016. Five patients with condylar capsule ankylosis were subjected to the conventional preauricular approach, while the other five cases with ankylosis that extends beyond the condylar capsule and reaches the zygomatic arch were subjected to the modified preauricular approach. Both approaches were evaluated and compared for the time required, intra- and post-operative complications and aesthetic results.
Results: The mean times required to carry out the operations were 4.45 and 3.20 hours for conventional and modified preauricular approaches, respectively.Facial nerve injury was present in two patients undergoing the conventional preauricular approach, but this reversed to normal after four to five months. Patient of both groups experienced no facial paralysis or post-operative auriculotemporal syndrome. Intra-operative bleeding was mild to moderate among the patients of both approaches, and none of the patients required blood transfusion intra- or post-operatively. Major blood vessels were injured in three cases undergoing the conventional preauricular approach. All patients subjected to both approaches showed satisfactory aesthetic end results.
Conclusions: Conventional and modified preauricular approaches provide excellent accessibility and visibility to the surgical field during the management of TMJ ankylosis among Yemeni patients, with the latter being slightly superior. In addition, the modified preauricular approach is associated with fewer complications, absence of facial nerve injury and reduced surgical time compared to the conventional approach.
Cervical Cytological Findings among Women Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Al-Mikhlafy Abdullah Abdu , Abdulaziz Maha , Shamsher Amani 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of abnormal cervical smear findings among women attending the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana'a city.
Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Records of women examined by conventional Pap smears in the Histopathology Laboratory of USTH over a 4-year period (from January 2013 to December 2016) were retrieved and analyzed for abnormalities according to the Bethesda system.
Results: Of 688 cases, 599 with satisfactory records were analyzed. The mean age of the cases was 39.18±10.23 years (range: 19–75). Epithelial cell abnormalities (ECAs) were found in 47 cases (7.8%), and these were categorized as follows: ASCUS in 4.5% (27/599) of cases followed by atypical glandular cells (AGC) (2.2%; 13/599) and LSIL (0.5%; 3/599), while ASCH and HSIL abnormalities were equally observed among 0.3% (2/599 each) of cases. Of patients positive Pap smear findings, ASCUS was the most frequent type of ECA (57.4%; 27/47) followed by AGC (27.7%; 13/47) and LSIL (6.4%; 3/47), while ASCH and HSIL were the least frequent ECAs among Yemeni patients. ECAs were significantly more prevalent among women aged >40 years (10.8%) compared with those aged <40 years (5.5%).
Conclusions: Cervical cytological abnormalities are not uncommon among women in Yemen, where the AGC is frequent among about a third of women with abnormal Pap smear findings and affects women of different ages. This requires more attention and training of doctors to master good sample taking, preparation and diagnosis with a focus on glandular changes.
Antibiotic Resistance Trends of Gram-negative Bacteria Most Frequently Isolated from Inpatients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen
Authors: Kubas Mohammed Abdullah , Zabad Abdulrahman Ali , Alqadhi Dalal Mohammed , AL-Azab Mahmoud Ali 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To determine the trends of antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria, most frequently isolated from inpatients at the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana'a, Yemen.
Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study on the antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria most frequently isolated from respiratory tract, pus, urine, blood and other types of specimens from inpatients admitted to the USTH. Data were retrieved from the hospital records of culture-positive inpatients in the period from January 2006 to December 2013, and annual trends of resistance were compared using chi-square test for trends at P values < 0.05.
Results: Of 2005 Gram-negative bacterial isolates in the period from 2006 to 2013, the most frequently isolated species were Escherichia coli (41.6%), Acinetobacter species (26.7%), Klebsiella species (21.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.6%). Amikacin and carbapenems were the most active drugs against E. coli, with a decrease in the susceptibility of this species to the third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and a variable resistance rate to quinolones that significantly increased in 2013. Acinetobacter species susceptibility to most antibiotics decreased significantly over the years of the study, where polymyxin B was the only one found to be effective against this species. On the other hand, the trend of Klebsiella species resistance to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime increased over the years of the study. Susceptibility of Klebsiella species to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin showed fluctuations, while the susceptibility of aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin) and ampicillin-sulbactam showed no difference. The resistance of P. aeruginosa to the majority of antibiotics was not dramatically changed over the years of the study period, but gentamicin resistance rate was considerably dropped from 77.8% in 2008 to 25.9% in 2013.
Conclusions: Of the most frequently isolated Gram-negative bacteria in Sana'a, Acinetobacter species has the highest resistance rate to the most commonly used antibiotics, where only polymyxin B is effective against this species. P. aeruginosa shows an unchanging rate of resistance to antibiotics in the USTH despite being quite resistant to antibiotics on a global scale, which could be attributed to the smaller number of P. aeruginosa isolates tested over the study period. Further large-scale studies on the trends of antibiotic resistance rates in hospital-based settings and the best ways to counteract such resistance in Yemen are recommended.
THE EFFECT OF LIPOFLAVON ® ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND VASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Klymenko K. I. , Zelenskiy D. S. , Soloviev A. I. 
Published: June 2022

In an experiment in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetic found that long intraperitoneal administration of a Lipoflavon®at a concentration of 1.4 mg/kg (in the recalculation on the active ingredient Quercetin) leads to a decrease in blood glucose levels, contributes to increase the total effluent K+-current to isolated smooth muscle cells, as well as normalization of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of isolated aortic ring segments. At the same time Lipoflavon®eliminates oscillations of vascular tone in diabetic animals and has a positive effect on Ca2+ — sensitization of myofilaments.