bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution, variable-energy electron beam from a Penning–Malmberg (Surko) buffer-gas trap
Authors: Machacek J. R. , Gay T. J. , Buckman Stephen J. , Hodgman Sean S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe describe the production of a high-resolution electron beam using a Penning–Malmberg buffer-gas trap, or Surko trap as they have become known. A high-flux beam with an energy width of ~ 30 meV (FWHM) is readily achieved and the efficiency of production is considerably higher than that for positrons in a similar trap configuration. The reasons for this become apparent when one considers the molecular collisions and the respective selection rules involved, for electrons and positrons. We demonstrate the production of the beam and the capacity that it realises for absolute scattering measurements and for high-resolution electron spectroscopy.
Graphical abstract
Relationship Between Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Abnormalities on Positron Emission Tomography and Anginal Symptoms, Functional Status, and Quality of Life
Authors: Patel Krishna K. , Patel Femina S. , Bateman Timothy M. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Peri-Okonny Poghni A. , McGhie A. Iain , Sperry Brett W. , Shaw Leslee , Di Carli Marcelo , Thompson Randall C. , Saeed Ibrahim M. , Jones Philip G. , Spertus John A. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) identifies abnormalities that occur early in the ischemic cascade leading to angina. Our aim was to study the association between ischemic measures on positron emission tomography MPI and patients’ health status; their symptoms, function, and quality of life.

Methods:

Health status was collected using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-7, 0–100, higher=better) and Rose Dyspnea Score (RDS) on 1515 outpatients with known or suspected coronary artery disease presenting for clinically indicated pharmacological
82
Rb positron emission tomography MPI from July 2018 to July 2019. Adjusted multivariable ordinal regression models were used to assess the association between MPI findings of ischemia and the SAQ physical limitation, angina frequency, quality of life, summary score, and the RDS.

Results:

The mean SAQ and RDS scores of the cohort (mean age 71.7 years, 55% male, 37.6% prior myocardial infarction or revascularization) were 73.8±28.6 (physical limitation), 87.4±21.7 (angina frequency), 79.0±26.1 (quality of life), 81.3±19.0 (summary score), and 2±2 (RDS). No perfusion, flow or function abnormalities were significantly associated with SAQ angina frequency scores. Low left ventricular ejection fraction reserve (≤0%), low global and regional myocardial blood flow reserve (<2) were independently associated with worse SAQ Physical Limitation score, SAQ summary score, and RDS (30% to 57% greater odds; all
P
≤0.01), but reversible perfusion defects were not.

Conclusions:
Impaired augmentation of left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial blood flow with stress is associated with significant angina-associated functional limitation, health status, and dyspnea in patients who underwent positron emission tomography MPI, but not the frequency of their angina. Future studies should evaluate whether therapies that improve stress-induced abnormalities in systolic function and myocardial flow may improve patients’ health status.
Coronary Access After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Commissural Alignment: The ALIGN-ACCESS Study
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Nai Fovino Luca , Scotti Andrea , Massussi Mauro , Cardaioli Francesco , Rodinò Giulio , Benedetti Alice , Boiago Mauro , Matsuda Yuji , Continisio Saverio , Montonati Carolina , Cacciavillani Luisa , Pavei Andrea , Masiero Giulia , Napodano Massimo , Fraccaro Chiara , Fabris Tommaso , Iliceto Sabino 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Coronary access (CA) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with supra-annular transcatheter heart valves (THV) can be challenging. Specific Evolut R/Pro and Acurate Neo THVs orientations are associated with reduced neo-commissure overlap with coronary ostia, while SAPIEN 3 THV cannot be oriented. With the ALIGN-ACCESS study (TAVR With Commissural Alignment Followed by Coronary Access), we investigated the impact of commissural alignment on the feasibility of CA after TAVR.

Methods:
We performed coronary angiography after TAVR with intra-annular SAPIEN 3, supra-annular Evolut R/Pro, and Acurate Neo THVs in 206 patients. Evolut THVs were implanted aiming for commissure alignment. Alignment of Acurate Neo was retrospectively assessed in 36, intentionally attempted in 26 cases. The primary end point was the rate of unfeasible and nonselective CA after TAVR.

Results:

Thirty-eight percent of patients received SAPIEN 3, 31.1% Evolut Pro/R, 30.1% Acurate Neo THV. Final valve orientation was favorable to commissural alignment in 85.9% of Evolut and 69.4% of Acurate Neo cases (with intentional alignment successful in 88.5%). Selective CA was higher for SAPIEN 3 than for aligned and misaligned supra-annular THVs (95% versus 71% versus 46%,
P
<0.001). Cannulation of at least one coronary was unfeasible with 11% misaligned supra-annular, 3% aligned supra-annular, and 0% SAPIEN 3 THVs. Independent predictors of unfeasible/nonselective CA were implantation of a misaligned supra-annular THV (odds ratio, 4.59 [95% CI, 1.81–11.61];
P
<0.01), sinus of Valsalva height (odds ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.7–0.98];
P
=0.03), and THV–sinus of Valsalva relation (odds ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02–1.1];
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
Commissural alignment improves the rate of selective CA after TAVR with supra-annular THVs. Nevertheless, aligned supra-annular THVs carry higher risk of unfeasible/nonselective CA than SAPIEN 3. Patients with a misaligned supra-annular THV, low sinus of Valsalva, and higher THV–sinus of Valsalva relation are at highest risk of impaired CA after TAVR.
Association of Different Definitions of Intradialytic Hypertension With Long-Term Mortality in Hemodialysis
Authors: Singh Anika T. , Waikar Sushrut S. , Mc Causland Finnian R. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Hypertension is common in hemodialysis patients. A subset of patients experience systolic blood pressure increases from prehemodialysis to posthemodialysis (intradialytic hypertension), which are associated with adverse outcomes. However, little consensus exists on an evidence-based definition.

Methods:
In 3198 hemodialysis patients, Cox models were fit to examine the association of various definitions of intradialytic hypertension (≥30% of baseline sessions with an increase in prehemodialysis to posthemodialysis systolic blood pressure of (1) ≥0 mm Hg [Hyper0]; (2) ≥10 mm Hg [Hyper10], or (3) ≥20 mm Hg increase [Hyper20]) with all-cause mortality. Effect modification was assessed using interaction terms according to prespecified variables.

Results:

At baseline, mean age was 62±15 years, 57% were male, and 14% of patients were Black. During the baseline period, 47% of individuals met the Hyper0 definition and experienced 32% (hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.05–1.66]) higher adjusted risk of death, compared with no systolic blood pressure increase. Hyper10 was present in 21.2% and associated with 18% higher adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.94–1.48]). Hyper20 was present in 6.8% and associated with 3% higher adjusted risk of death (hazard ratio 1.03 [95% CI, 0.74–1.44]). Effect modification by age and peripheral vascular disease was observed (
P
interaction=0.04 for age and 0.02 for peripheral vascular disease), with higher associated risk of death for those aged 45 to 70 years and those without peripheral vascular disease.

Conclusions:
Individuals with any systolic blood pressure increase from prehemodialysis to posthemodialysis had the highest adjusted risk of mortality, compared with other threshold-based definitions.
Early Life Trauma Is Associated With Increased Microvolt T‐Wave Alternans During Mental Stress Challenge: A Substudy of Mental Stress Ischemia: Prognosis and Genetic Influences
Authors: Shah Amit J. , Weeks Virginia , Lampert Rachel , Bremner J. Douglas , Kutner Michael , Raggi Paolo , Sun Yan V. , Lewis Tené T. , Levantsevych Oleksiy , Kim Ye Ji , Hammadah Muhammad , Alkhoder Ayman , Wittbrodt Matthew , Pearce Brad D. , Ward Laura , Sheps David , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: February 2022

Background
Early life trauma has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but the arrhythmic implications are unclear. We hypothesized that in patients with coronary artery disease, early life trauma predicts increased arrhythmic risk during mental stress, measured by elevated microvolt T‐wave alternans (TWA), a measure of repolarization heterogeneity and sudden cardiac death risk.

Methods and Results

In a cohort with stable coronary artery disease (NCT04123197), we examined early life trauma with the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report‐Short Form. Participants underwent a laboratory‐based mental stress speech task with Holter monitoring, as well as a structured psychiatric interview. We measured TWA during rest, mental stress, and recovery with ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. We adjusted for sociodemographic factors, cardiac history, psychiatric comorbidity, and hemodynamic stress reactivity with multivariable linear regression models. We examined 320 participants with noise‐ and arrhythmia‐free ECGs. The mean (SD) age was 63.8 (8.7) years, 27% were women, and 27% reported significant childhood trauma (Early Trauma Inventory Self Report‐Short Form ≥10). High childhood trauma was associated with a multivariable‐adjusted 17% increase in TWA (
P
=0.04) during stress, and each unit increase in the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report‐Short Form total score was associated with a 1.7% higher stress TWA (
P
=0.02). The largest effect sizes were found with the emotional trauma subtype.

Conclusions
In a cohort with stable coronary artery disease, early life trauma, and in particular emotional trauma, is associated with increased TWA, a marker of increased arrhythmic risk, during mental stress. This association suggests that early trauma exposures may affect long‐term sudden cardiac death risk during emotional triggers, although more studies are warranted.
Uncovering Topics of Public Cultural Activities: Evidence from
China
Authors: Zeng Zixin , Hua Bolin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this study, we uncover the topics of Chinese public cultural activities in 2020 with a two-step short text clustering (self-taught neural networks and graph-based clustering) and topic modeling approach. The dataset we use for this research is collected from 108 websites of libraries and cultural centers, containing over 17,000 articles. With the novel framework we propose, we derive 3 clusters and 8 topics from 21 provincial-level regions in China. By plotting the topic distribution of each cluster, we are able to shows unique tendencies of local cultural institutes, that is, free lessons and lectures on art and culture, entertainment and service for socially vulnerable groups, and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage respectively. The findings of our study provide decision-making support for cultural institutes, thus promoting public cultural service from a data-driven perspective.
Population densities and home range of the vulnerable Pyrenean brook newt in its core aquatic habitat
Authors: Dalibard Manon , Buisson Laëtitia , Besnard Aurélien , Riberon Alexandre , Laffaille Pascal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Accurate estimations of population size and space-use are critical issues, for assessing population trends and extinction risk. In this study, we applied spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) modelling customized for linear habitats to a three-year Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) monitoring of three populations of stream-dwelling Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper), an endemic species of the Pyrenean mountain range. Our aim was to explore (1) spatial and temporal variation in population densities, home range size and individual detection probability during breeding season between populations and years, and (2) the influence of water temperature and flow on activity of newts. Estimates of population density range from 3044 to 4641 individuals/km of stream across the three years of the study. Linear home range along the stream was estimated to be 13.31 m from the home range centre on average over the three years. All detection probability estimates were similar, both between years and between sites, with a mean probability of 0.09, except in Fougax in 2020 where detection probability was 0.03. Activity of the Pyrenean brook newt was influenced by water temperature and flow, but these factors acted at different time scales. Overall, population densities are locally high in both populations but home range of the Pyrenean brook newt during breeding season is very small indicating a strong site attachment. The importance of water temperature and flow on activity emphasizes the sensitivity of the species to these factors that are forecasted to change in coming decades.
Farmers against Fascism: How India’s Farmers’ Protests Cultivated Alternatives to Neoliberal Hindu Nationalist Dystopia
Authors: Narasimhaiah Sarang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this article I analyze the mass mobilizations mounted by Indian farmers against three pro-corporate agricultural bills passed by the far-right government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. I argue that the discourse of civil protest is insufficient to understand these mobilizations. On the contrary, they embody the principles of mutual aid, direct action, and intersectional and international solidarity, pointing to the possibility of collective life beyond the limits imposed by neoliberal Hindu nationalism. At the same time the emancipatory possibilities offered by these practices are qualified by persistent social divisions and the hegemony of nonviolence, alongside pressing circumstantial factors.
Legal Informatics Tools for Evidence-Based Policy Creation in Parliaments
Authors: Fitsilis Fotios , Koryzis Dimitris , Schefbeck Günther 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Decision-making is a fundamental human process, central to the design and promulgation of effective legislation, as well as to the crafting of robust public policy. Supported by advances in legal informatics tools and services, in particular those that facilitate the extraction of meaningful information and metadata from legal documents, parliaments today are able to develop and test data-driven strategies and policies in a manner that places them on equal footing with the executive within the policy creation process. The article critically analyses the range of application and the efficiency of sophisticated decision support tools and services. Key actor-centric parameters are discussed within the context of a parliamentary production environment. While the role of main stakeholders is elucidated upon, the article assesses changing organizational and operational culture in parliaments in regards to the possible application of decision-making processes and addresses directions but also challenges for future research.
Silent Partners? Trade Unions, Corporations and Penalty Privilege in the Federal Court of Australia
Authors: Schofield-Georgeson Eugene 
Published: February 2022

Abstract‘Penalty privilege’ is sometimes referred to as ‘the right to silence’ or more correctly the privilege against self-exposure to civil penalty. It is a procedural rule that applies equally to trade unions and corporations in Australian federal courts. This article critically investigates this equality of this treatment, revealing its historical evolution and arguing that it results in unequal outcomes, relative to the social and historical roles of unions and corporations. But it also discovers distinct incoherence in the application of penalty privilege, along with a host of related legislative interventions that have sought to entrench the equal treatment of trade unions and corporations more broadly. Accordingly, this article proposes a range of reform, with a particular focus on the application of penalty privilege in the federal arena. A more coherent application of penalty privilege, it is proposed, is one that applies in proportion to the social power exercised by persons and entities before the Court.
Efficacy and safety of psilocybin-assisted treatment for major depressive disorder: Prospective 12-month follow-up
Authors: Gukasyan Natalie , Davis Alan K , Barrett Frederick S , Cosimano Mary P , Sepeda Nathan D , Johnson Matthew W , Griffiths Roland R 
Published: February 2022

Background: Preliminary data suggest that psilocybin-assisted treatment produces substantial and rapid antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about long-term outcomes. Aims: This study sought to examine the efficacy and safety of psilocybin through 12 months in participants with moderate to severe MDD who received psilocybin. Methods: This randomized, waiting-list controlled study enrolled 27 patients aged 21–75 with moderate to severe unipolar depression (GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD) ⩾ 17). Participants were randomized to an immediate or delayed (8 weeks) treatment condition in which they received two doses of psilocybin with supportive psychotherapy. Twenty-four participants completed both psilocybin sessions and were followed through 12 months following their second dose. Results: All 24 participants attended all follow-up visits through the 12-month timepoint. Large decreases from baseline in GRID-HAMD scores were observed at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up (Cohen d = 2.3, 2.0, 2.6, and 2.4, respectively). Treatment response (⩾50% reduction in GRID-HAMD score from baseline) and remission were 75% and 58%, respectively, at 12 months. There were no serious adverse events judged to be related to psilocybin in the long-term follow-up period, and no participants reported psilocybin use outside of the context of the study. Participant ratings of personal meaning, spiritual experience, and mystical experience after sessions predicted increased well-being at 12 months, but did not predict improvement in depression. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the substantial antidepressant effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy may be durable at least through 12 months following acute intervention in some patients.
FollowTheSutures: Piloting a new way to administer onabotulinumtoxinA for chronic migraine
Authors: Stovner Lars Jacob , Hagen Knut , Tronvik Erling , Bruvik Gravdahl Gøril , Burstein Rami , Dodick David W 
Published: February 2022

Background Anatomical and experimental data indicate that onabotulinimtoxin A could be more efficient and cost-effective for treating chronic migraine with injections targeting the cranial sutures, where collaterals from the meninges penetrate the skull. Methods A new injection paradigm (FollowTheSutures) was tested for safety, tolerability and feasibility in a Phase II, open-label, non-controlled, single-center pilot study. Ninety units of onabotulinimtoxin A (Botox®), were injected in 18 sites over the area of the cranial sutures. Adverse events and potential beneficial effects were recorded in a headache diary at least 4 weeks before, and for 12 weeks after the injections. A higher dilution than normal of onabotulinimtoxin A was used to get better diffusion. Results Nineteen (of 20 included) women with chronic migraine received the injections and were evaluable. There was only one treatment-related adverse event (reduced power of chewing for some weeks). Otherwise, the procedure was overall well tolerated. Patients improved on most efficacy parameters after the injections. There was little or no effect on glabellar or forehead lines. Conclusions The protocol was safe and well tolerated. Lower risk of unblinding due to the absence of cosmetic effects should make the injection procedure well suited for a large, randomized, placebo-controlled study. If efficacy is confirmed, it will be markedly less costly than the standard procedure. Trial registration: EUDRACT (2017-002516-13), ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03543254).
NCOR2 is a novel candidate gene for migraine-epilepsy phenotype
Authors: Nuottamo Marjo Eveliina , Häppölä Paavo , Artto Ville , Hautakangas Heidi , Pirinen Matti , Hiekkalinna Tero , Ellonen Pekka , Lepistö Maija , Hämäläinen Eija ,   International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC), FinnGenConsortium, Siren Auli , Lehesjoki Anna-Elina , Kallela Mikko , Palotie Aarno , Kaunisto Mari Anneli , Wessman Maija 
Published: February 2022

Hypothesis To identify genetic factors predisposing to migraine-epilepsy phenotype utilizing a multi-generational family with known linkage to chr12q24.2-q24.3. Methods We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and next-generation sequencing technologies to perform linkage, haplotype, and variant analyses in an extended Finnish migraine-epilepsy family (n = 120). In addition, we used a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset of migraine and two biobank studies, UK Biobank and FinnGen, to test whether variants within the susceptibility region associate with migraine or epilepsy related phenotypes in a population setting. Results The family showed the highest evidence of linkage (LOD 3.42) between rs7966411 and epilepsy. The haplotype shared among 12 out of 13 epilepsy patients in the family covers almost the entire NCOR2 and co-localizes with one of the risk loci of the recent GWAS on migraine. The haplotype harbors nine low-frequency variants with potential regulatory functions. Three of them, in addition to two common variants, show nominal associations with neurological disorders in either UK Biobank or FinnGen. Conclusion We provide several independent lines of evidence supporting association between migraine-epilepsy phenotype and NCOR2. Our study suggests that NCOR2 may have a role in both migraine and epilepsy and thus would provide evidence for shared pathophysiology underlying these two diseases.
Nanofiber veil applied in toughness enhancement of thermoplastic carbon fiber composites
Authors: Shi Mingjun , Takahashi Shinya , Takeno Akiyoshi , Nakai Asami 
Published: February 2022

This study presents an experimental investigation on thermoplastic carbon fiber composite based on PMMA resin interleaved with Polyamide electrospun nanofiber veils. In particular, the effect of improving the interfacial adhesion of the resin to nanofiber and carbon fiber on the fracture behavior of the laminates and the corresponding fracture mechanism was studied by using different molar concentrations of functional monomer hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) for copolymerization with methyl methacrylate. The effectiveness of the nanoreinforce has been addressed by Mode-Ⅰ and Mode-Ⅱ tests. The results showed that the fracture toughness of Mode-Ⅰ decreased firstly and then increased with an increase in HEAA feed with 0–5 mol% due to the change of crack tip path accompanied by the bridging mechanism shifting, the best performance was founded in 5 mol% HEAA-copolymerized thermoplastic carbon fiber composites (CFRTP) samples (17.6% for initiation and 28% for propagation); whereas a characteristic of increasing firstly and then decreasing performed under Mode-Ⅱ loading due to the formation of multilayer microcrack in nano-toughing matrix layer, the 3 mol% HEAA-copolymerized CFRTP samples exhibited good improvement (137% for initiation and 147% for propagation).