bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sperm‐borne proteins improve rabbit cloning efficiency via regulating embryonic cleavage and epigenetics
Authors: Qu Pengxiang , Cao Wenbin , Zhang Yanru , Qi Jia , Meng Bin , Liu Shuangqing , Zhuang Yanxin , Duan Chenjin , Liu Enqi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSomatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) shows great application value in the generation of transgenic animals, protection of endangered species, and therapeutic cloning. However, the cloning efficiency is still very low, which greatly restricts its application. Compared to fertilized embryos, cloned embryos lack the sperm proteins, which are considered to play an important role in embryonic development. Here, we compared the sperm proteome, with that of donor fibroblasts and oocytes, and identified 342 proteins unique to sperm, with 42 being highly expressed. The 384 proteins were mainly enriched in the categories of post‐translational modification and cytoskeletal arrangement. Extracts of soluble sperm or fibroblast proteins were injected into cloned embryos, and the result showed that injection of sperm protein significantly inhibited abnormal embryonic cleavage, significantly decreased the level of trimethylated histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9me3) and the apoptotic index, and increased the inner cell mass (ICM)‐to‐trophectoderm (TE) ratio. More importantly, the sperm proteins also significantly enhanced the birthrate. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that sperm‐derived proteins improve embryo cloning efficiency. Our findings not only provide new insights into ways to overcome low cloning efficiency, but also add to the understanding of sperm protein function.
Self‐assembled supramolecular organogels of perylene diimide derivatives
Authors: Moharana Prajna , Santosh G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSupramolecular gels of low molecular weight molecules have created enthusiasm among researchers for their tremendous applications as sensors and in the field of biomedical applications and electro‐optics for decades. Among them, gels derived from perylene diimide derivatives in organic non‐polar solvents are rarely reported. This review has gathered all information about these organogels and summarized them based on the substituents and the self‐assembly mechanism in various organic solvents. It has been found that perylene diimide derivatized molecules undergo hydrogen or non‐hydrogen bonding directed π–π stacking to build up three‐dimensional fibrous network structures, which later proved as gels by various characterization techniques.
Unusual spontaneous oxidation of 2,2′‐(quinolin‐2‐ylmethylene)bis(1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione): An experimental and theoretical study of the mechanism
Authors: Sigalov Mark V. , Shainyan Bagrat A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2‐Quinolinecarbaldehyde reacts with 1,3‐indandione to give 2‐[(3‐hydroxy‐1‐oxo‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl)(quinolin‐2‐yl)methylene]‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione, which is the first example of self‐oxidation of the Michael adducts of cycloalkanones with aldehydes. The structure of the product of oxidation is also proved by NMR and elemental analysis of its bromination product 2‐[(2‐bromo‐1,3‐dioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐2‐yl)(1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐inden‐2‐ylidene)‐methyl]quinolinium tribromide salt. The mechanism of this unusual reaction is studied experimentally and theoretically in comparison with that of a similar reaction with 2‐pyridinecarbaldehyde, which does not lead to self‐oxidation. The three‐step mechanism includes the formation of a pre‐reaction complex, which suffers proton transfer to the pyridinic nitrogen atom, and the hydride ion transfer to the protonated aldehyde. The transition states for the two reactions differ by the position on the reaction coordinate and the heights of the free energy barriers (~25 and ~4 kcal/mol), which allows to explain the observed different reactivity of the two similar hetaryl aldehydes.
The Plant Science Blogging Project: A curriculum to develop student science communication skills
Authors: Iriart Veronica , Forrester Nicole J. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn , Kuebbing Sara E. 
Published: July 2022

Societal Impact StatementThe practice of writing science blogs benefits both the scientist and society alike by providing professional development opportunities and delivering information in a format that is accessible to large and diverse audiences. By designing a project that introduced upper‐level undergraduate students to science blog writing with a focus on plant biology, we piqued students' interest in science writing and the content of a popular plant science blog website. If adopted more widely, this work could broaden the scope of science education and promote the development of effective science communication skills for the next generation of scientists.Summary

Successful scientists must communicate their research to broad audiences, including distilling key scientific concepts for the general public. Students pursuing careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields benefit from developing public communication skills early in their careers, but opportunities are limited in traditional biology curricula.
We created the “Plant Science Blogging Project” for a Plant Biology undergraduate course at the University of Pittsburgh in Fall 2018 and 2019. Students wrote blog posts merging personal connections with plants with plant biology concepts for the popular science blogs Plant Love Stories and EvoBites. By weaving biology into their narratives, students learned how to share botanical knowledge with the general public.
The project had positive impacts on student learning and public engagement. In post‐assignment surveys, the majority of students reported that they enjoyed the assignment, felt it improved their understanding of plant biology, and piqued their interest in reading and writing science blogs in the future. Approximately one‐third of the student‐authored blogs were published, including two that rose to the top 10 most‐read posts on Plant Love Stories. Some dominant themes in student blogs, including medicine and culture, differed from common story themes published on the web, indicating the potential for students to diversify science blog content.
Overall, the Plant Science Blogging Project allows undergraduate students to engage with plant biology topics in a new way, sharpen their scientific communication skills in accordance with today's world of mass information sharing, and contribute to the spread of scientific knowledge for public benefit.
Pediatric pulmonary year in review 2021: Sleep medicine
Authors: Okorie Caroline U. A. , Afolabi‐Brown Olufunke , Tapia Ignacio E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPediatric pulmonology publishes original research, review articles, and case reports on a wide variety of pediatric respiratory disorders. In this article, we summarized the past year's publications in sleep medicine and reviewed selected literature from other journals in this field. We focused on original research articles exploring aspects of sleep‐disordered breathing in patients with underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and sickle cell disease. We also explored sleep‐disordered breathing risk factors, monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment; and included recent recommendations for drug‐induced sleep endoscopy and ways to monitor and improve PAP adherence remotely.
Preclinical studies of the antitumor effect of curcumin‐loaded polymeric nanocapsules: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Thayse V. , Stein Renan , de Andrade Diego F. , Beck Ruy C. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCurcumin, a plant‐derived compound, has various well‐known biological effects (anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, among others) as well as some important limitations for formulators, such as poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. Its nanoencapsulation is reported to overcome these drawbacks and to improve its in vivo efficacy. Here, data from preclinical in vivo studies evaluating the antitumor efficacy of curcumin‐loaded polymeric nanocapsules are collected, analyzed, and discussed as a systematic review. Meta‐analyses are performed to assess the contribution of this nanoencapsulation compared with nonencapsulated curcumin. Eighteen studies (116 animals) meet the inclusion criteria. The evidence that curcumin‐loaded polymeric nanocapsules inhibits tumor growth (SMD: −3.03; 95% CI: −3.84, −2.21; p < 0.00001) and decreases tumor weight (SMD: −3.96; 95% CI: −6.22, −1.70; p = 0.0006) in rodents is established, regardless of the solid tumor model. To assess the quality of the studies included in the review a bias risk analysis was performed using the SYRCLE's RoB tool. Therefore, encapsulation in polymeric nanocapsules represents an important tool to improve the antitumor effects of curcumin, and this systematic review paves the way for future clinical studies and the translation of curcumin formulations into novel nanomedicines for human cancer treatment.
The effect of saffron supplementation on glycemic parameters: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Sadigi Behnam , Yarani Reza , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Travica Nikolaj , Yousefi Zahra , Shakouri Seyed Kazem , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Mobasseri Majid , Pociot Flemming , Sanaie Sarvin , Araj‐Khodaei Mostafa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to the widespread use of herbal medicine and evidence pointing to the health benefits of saffron supplementation, this review was performed to evaluate the effects of saffron supplementation on glycemic parameters and lipid profiles based on previous reviews. Relevant articles were retrieved from various databases, which included PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane until 2020, with no date restrictions. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist. Finally, of 877 obtained articles, eight reviews meeting the inclusion criteria were included for analysis. Among the eight included reviews, seven articles were meta‐analyses. In addition, one review had an average quality while seven had a good quality. A narrative description of the included reviews was performed, while a network meta‐analysis was not conducted. A brief review of the results was reported according to the weighted mean difference and mean difference. Seven included reviews assessed the effects of saffron or crocin supplementation on glycemic parameters, and six examined these effects on lipid profile parameters. Almost half of the articles reported significant effects of these supplements on glycemic parameters and lipid profiles. Taken together, results suggest that saffron supplementation may improve glycemic and lipid profile parameters; however, further high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of saffron on glycemic parameters and lipid profiles
Molecular dynamics simulation and in vitro evaluation of herb–drug interactions involving dietary polyphenols and CDK inhibitors in breast cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Patil Prajakta H. , Birangal Sumit , Shenoy G. Gautham , Rao Mahadev , Kadari Sandeep , Wankhede Amit , Rastogi Himanshu , Sharma Tarun , Pinjari Jakir , Puralae Channabasavaiah Jagadish 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDietary polyphenols such as quercetin and curcumin have been extensively administered to patients with cancer in the form of herbal supplements. They may have a synergistic anticancer effect; however, a risk of pharmacokinetic interactions with selective CDK‐4/6 inhibitors that are metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme exists. Considering these pharmacokinetic aspects, the current study examined the effects of curcumin and quercetin on human CYP3A4 to ascertain CYP3A4‐mediated herb–drug interactions with CDK inhibitors. In this study, using in silico methods and CYP3A4 inhibition kinetics in human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP3A4 enzymes, the effects of concentration‐dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 by quercetin and curcumin on CDK inhibitors metabolism were examined. Based on our in‐silico docking findings, curcumin and quercetin were considerably bound to CYP3A4 protein and displace CDK inhibitors from the CYP3A4 substrate binding domain. The IC50 values of curcumin and quercetin were 16.10 and 0.05 μM, respectively, for CYP3A4‐mediated 1′‐hydroxylation of midazolam. The dietary polyphenols prolonged the in vitro half‐life of palbociclib and ribociclib by 6.4‐fold and decreased their intrinsic microsomal clearance by approximately 4.6 times. Our findings indicate that curcumin and quercetin effectively cause herb–drug interactions and should be cautiously used to avoid therapeutic failure.
Mangiferin prevents hepatocyte epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis via targeting HSP27‐mediated JAK2/STAT3 and TGF‐β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐ling , Zhang Xiao‐yan , Ge Xiao‐qun , Liu Ming‐xuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHepatocytes has been confirmed to undergo EMT and can be converted into myofibroblasts during hepatic fibrogenesis. However, the mechanism of hepatocyte EMT regulation in hepatic fibrosis, particularly through HSP27 (human homologue of rodent HSP25), remains unclear. Mangiferin (MAN), a compound extracted from Mangifera indica L, has been reported to attenuate liver injury. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying HSP27 inhibition and the anti‐fibrotic effect of MAN in liver fibrosis. Our results revealed that the expression of HSP27 was remarkably increased in the liver tissues of patients with liver cirrhosis and CCl4‐induced fibrotic rats. However, HSP27 shRNA treatment significantly alleviated fibrosis. Furthermore, MAN was found to inhibit CCl4‐ and TGF‐β1‐induced liver fibrosis and reduced hepatocyte EMT. More importantly, MAN decreased HSP27 expression to suppress the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and subsequently blocked TGF‐β1/Smad signaling, which were consistent with its protection against CCl4‐induced EMT and liver fibrosis. Together, these results suggest that HSP27 may play a crucial role in hepatocyte EMT and liver fibrosis by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling and TGF‐β1/Smad pathway. The suppression of HSP27 expression by MAN may be a novel strategy for attenuating the hepatocyte EMT in liver fibrosis.
Sex difference in anti‐sperm antibodies
Authors: Shibahara Hiroaki , Chen Yuekun , Honda Haruka , Wakimoto Yu , Fukui Atsushi , Hasegawa Akiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSome diseases have sex differences. There have been no reports on the relationship between anti‐sperm antibodies (ASA) and sex differences.MethodsASA are detected by sperm‐immobilization test using patients' sera in women. In men, the ASA testing is generally performed by direct‐immunobead test.Main findingsSperm‐immobilizing antibodies in women inhibit sperm migration in their genital tract and exert inhibitory effects on fertilization. ASA bound to sperm surface in men also show inhibitory effect on sperm passage through cervical mucus. The fertilization rate of IVF significantly decreased when sperm were coated with higher numbers of ASA. For women with the antibodies, it is important to assess individual patients' SI50 titers. In patients with continuously high SI50 titers, pregnancy can be obtained only by IVF. For men with abnormal fertilizing ability by ASA, it is necessary to select intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Production of sperm‐immobilizing antibodies is likely to occur in women with particular HLA after exposure to sperm. The risk factors for ASA production in men are still controversial.ConclusionAttention to sex differences in specimens, test methods and the diagnosis of ASA should be paid. For patients with ASA, treatment strategies have been established by considering sex difference for each.
A proficiency model for pre‐service physics teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK)—What constitutes high‐level PCK?
Authors: Schiering Dustin , Sorge Stefan , Keller Melanie M. , Neumann Knut 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study identifies proficiency levels in pre‐service physics teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and reveals how teacher education can promote transitions into higher proficiency. Teacher education plays a fundamental role in supporting pre‐service teachers' PCK development. Proficiency levels are a powerful source when evaluating this PCK development because they characterize what learners are likely to be able to know on a specific level. Previous research has presented a model of proficiency levels in pre‐service physics teachers' PCK; however, evidence for the model's validity is still lacking. According to the Refined Consensus Model of PCK, factors such as teachers' content knowledge (CK), their teaching experience, and their beliefs about teaching and learning science promote PCK development. Thus, understanding how and when pre‐service physics teachers' CK, teaching experience, and beliefs contribute to their proficiency can bring insights into how teacher education can promote PCK development. To address this issue, N = 427 observations of pre‐service physics teachers were analyzed. Utilizing the scale anchoring procedure, four different proficiency levels in pre‐service physics teachers' PCK were identified. Analyzing these proficiency levels showed that lower levels can be characterized as remembering content‐unspecific knowledge, whereas higher levels encompass content‐specific strategies to structure and elaborate lessons. Additionally, logistic regression models revealed that pre‐service physics teachers' CK is crucial for an increase in PCK proficiency. However, transitions into higher levels of PCK additionally require teaching experience and adequate beliefs about teaching and learning. Thus, our proficiency levels can be used to bring insights into how proficiency in PCK can be supported during teacher education. For example, teacher education should provide courses focusing on the science curriculum and the assessment of student learning to promote pre‐service physics teachers' progression in PCK.
Welfare indicators for stunning versus non‐stunning slaughter in sheep and cattle: A scoping review
Authors: Tetlow Sky A. J. , Brennan Marnie L. , Garcia‐Ara Amelia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile most cattle and sheep in the United Kingdom are stunned before slaughter, non‐stun methods are permitted to supply meat to specific consumers. This study aimed to identify the existing literature that compared animal welfare indicators during stun and non‐stun slaughter, using a scoping review framework.MethodFollowing a structured search strategy, including the establishment of a PICO (population, intervention, comparator and outcomes) question, a comprehensive literature search of the CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE and PubMed databases, was conducted. A total of 962 papers were identified, of which 16 were selected for data extraction.ResultsFourteen papers concluded that welfare at slaughter was negatively impacted at non‐stun slaughter in comparison to stun slaughter; two papers were inconclusive. Welfare indicators identified included biochemical parameters, brain activity and visual signs of consciousness. Limitations regarding inconsistent restraint method, neck cut position and non‐standardised measures of welfare at slaughter are highlighted.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence that stunning is an effective method to improve the welfare of sheep and cattle at slaughter. Animal welfare advisors, politicians, religious communities and others interested in animal welfare could use the findings to further discuss and establish new dialogues for producing updated guidance on animal welfare at slaughter.
Einleitung
Authors: Binder-Tietz Sandra 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungWenige Tage vor der außerordentlichen Hauptversammlung der Lufthansa Group im Juli 2020, bei der über das staatliche Rettungspaket der Fluggesellschaft abgestimmt wurde, gab der Aufsichtsratsvorsitzende Karl-Ludwig Kley ein mehrseitiges Interview im Handelsblatt. Es ist bemerkenswert, dass sich der Aufsichtsratsvorsitzende – und nicht der Vorstandsvorsitzende – dabei ausführlich über die Verhandlungen zum Rettungspaket, den geplanten Verkauf von Konzernteilen und die notwendige Neubesetzung des Aufsichtsratsgremiums äußerte. Die mediale Aufmerksamkeit, insbesondere in Sondersituationen, fokussiert sich nicht mehr allein auf den Vorstand, sondern hat sich auf den Aufsichtsrat erweitert, vor allem in der Frage der sachgerechten Kontrolle.
Empirische Erkenntnisse zu den Strukturen, Maßnahmen und Management der Kommunikation von Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden
Authors: Binder-Tietz Sandra 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden aus interner Perspektive die Erkenntnisse aus den qualitativen Experteninterviews mit Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden, Investor-Relations- und Public-Relations-Verantwortlichen präsentiert. Dabei werden die Erkenntnisse zu den Strukturen der Kommunikation konzeptualisiert und Bandbreite an Maßnahmen der Kommunikation von Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden vorgestellt. Auf dieser Basis wird gezeigt, inwiefern die Kommunikation von Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden im Kommunikationsmanagement verortet werden kann.
Explaining the hints for lepton flavour universality violation with three S2 leptoquark generations
Authors: Crivellin Andreas , Fuks Benjamin , Schnell Luc 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Leptoquarks are prime candidates for explaining the intriguing hints for lepton flavour universality violation. In particular, the SU(2)L doublet of scalar leptoquarks S2 is capable of providing an explanation for the tensions between the measurements and the Standard Model predictions in (g − 2)μ, b → sℓ+ℓ− and b → cτν processes, as well as in non-resonant di-electron production. However, in the minimal setup with a single leptoquark generation, a common explanation for all these issues is not possible as this would lead to unacceptably large charged lepton flavour violation. We therefore propose a model with three generations of S2, each coupling exclusively to a single lepton flavour, i.e. a model extending the Standard Model particle content by an electroquark, a muoquark and a tauquark. We show that after taking into account other constraints, such as those originating from electroweak precision observables and ∆F = 2 processes, it is possible to provide a combined explanation for all these hints of lepton flavour universality violation. Moreover, we find that the presence of the tauquark can generate a dimension-six $$ {\mathcal{O}}_9^U $$

O
9
U

operator via off-shell photon penguin diagrams, which, together with the muoquark contribution, further improves the global fit to b → sℓ+ℓ− data.
Comments on symmetric mass generation in 2d and 4d
Authors: Tong David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Symmetric mass generation is the name given to a mechanism for gapping fermions while preserving a chiral, but necessarily non-anomalous, symmetry. In this paper we describe how symmetric mass generation for continuous symmetries can be achieved using gauge dynamics in two and four dimensions. Various strong coupling effects are invoked, including known properties of supersymmetric gauge theories, specifically the phenomenon of s-confinement, and conjectured properties of non-supersymmetric chiral gauge theories.