bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of heat shock factor 1 promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and drives liver fibrosis
Authors: Choudhury Asmita , Ratna Anuradha , Lim Arlene , Sebastian Rebecca M. , Moore Christopher L. , Filliol Aveline A. , Bledsoe Jacob , Dai Chengkai , Schwabe Robert F. , Shoulders Matthew D. , Mandrekar Pranoti 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an aberrant wound healing response that results from chronic injury and is mediated by hepatocellular death and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). While induction of oxidative stress is well established in fibrotic livers, there is limited information on stress‐mediated mechanisms of HSC activation. Cellular stress triggers an adaptive defense mechanism via master protein homeostasis regulator, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which induces heat shock proteins to respond to proteotoxic stress. Although the importance of HSF1 in restoring cellular homeostasis is well‐established, its potential role in liver fibrosis is unknown. Here, we show that HSF1 messenger RNA is induced in human cirrhotic and murine fibrotic livers. Hepatocytes exhibit nuclear HSF1, whereas stellate cells expressing alpha smooth muscle actin do not express nuclear HSF1 in human cirrhosis. Interestingly, despite nuclear HSF1, murine fibrotic livers did not show induction of HSF1 DNA binding activity compared with controls. HSF1‐deficient mice exhibit augmented HSC activation and fibrosis despite limited pro‐inflammatory cytokine response and display delayed fibrosis resolution. Stellate cell and hepatocyte‐specific HSF1 knockout mice exhibit higher induction of profibrogenic response, suggesting an important role for HSF1 in HSC activation and fibrosis. Stable expression of dominant negative HSF1 promotes fibrogenic activation of HSCs. Overactivation of HSF1 decreased phosphorylation of JNK and prevented HSC activation, supporting a protective role for HSF1. Our findings identify an unconventional role for HSF1 in liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Our results show that deficiency of HSF1 is associated with exacerbated HSC activation promoting liver fibrosis, whereas activation of HSF1 prevents profibrogenic HSC activation.
An integrated deep learning‐based model of spatial cells that combines self‐motion with sensory information
Authors: Aziz Azra , Sreeharsha Peesapati S. S. , Natesh Rohan , Chakravarthy Vaddadhi S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA special class of neurons in the hippocampal formation broadly known as the spatial cells, whose subcategories include place cells, grid cells, and head direction cells, are considered to be the building blocks of the brain's map of the spatial world. We present a general, deep learning‐based modeling framework that describes the emergence of the spatial‐cell responses and can also explain responses that involve a combination of path integration and vision. The first layer of the model consists of head direction (HD) cells that code for the preferred direction of the agent. The second layer is the path integration (PI) layer with oscillatory neurons: displacement of the agent in a given direction modulates the frequency of these oscillators. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the PI‐cell responses showed the emergence of cells with grid‐like spatial periodicity. We show that the Bessel functions could describe the response of these cells. The output of the PI layer is used to train a stack of autoencoders. Neurons of both the layers exhibit responses resembling grid cells and place cells. The paper concludes by suggesting the wider applicability of the proposed modeling framework beyond the two simulated studies.
Surgical coronary revascularization in patients with COVID‐19; complications and outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ayati Aryan , Hosseini Kaveh , Hadizadeh Alireza , Jalali Arash , Lotfi‐Tokaldany Masoumeh , Milan Nesa , Bagheri Jamshid , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Hossein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCoronary artery disease is high‐risk comorbidity of COVID‐19 infection. Nonelective coronary artery revascularization in COVID‐19 patients carries substantial risk. Therefore, it is essential to understand the risk factors and outcomes fully. This study aims to evaluate the prognosis of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study assesses 171 patients who underwent urgent and emergent CABG in Tehran Heart Center from March 2020 to September 2021. The patients were allocated to cases and controls based on COVID‐19 infection status. Demographic and clinical features, alongside the complications and outcomes, were compared between the two groups.ResultsAccording to diagnostic criteria, 62 patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19 (Case) and 109 patients had no COVID diagnosis (Control). Regarding the demographics and risk factors, hypertension was more prevalent among patients with COVID‐19 (64.5% compared to 43.1% p= 0.007). Length of hospital stay, ventilation time, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay time were significantly higher in patients infected with COVID‐19. Postoperative complications, including stroke, atrial fibrillation, pleural effusion, blood transfusion, and Inotrope use, were significantly higher in the case group. Mortality rates were also higher in COVID‐19 patients with an odds ratio of 1.53; however, this difference is not statistically significant (p: 0.44, 95% CI = 0.50–4.01).ConclusionCOVID‐19 is associated with a significantly higher hospital stay, ventilation time, and ICU stay. Mortality rates are also higher, albeit insignificantly. Various postoperative complications are also higher with COVID‐19.
Catchment response to intense rainfall: Evaluating modelling hypotheses
Authors: Astagneau Paul C. , Bourgin François , Andréassian Vazken , Perrin Charles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFloods resulting from high‐intensity rainfall events are known to be difficult to simulate. The catchment response to such events is very heterogeneous due to complex combinations of hydrological processes at fine temporal and spatial scales. The goal of this study is to find a way to inform the structure of a hydrological model on the variability in catchment response to rainfall events. To that end, rainfall intensity was used as a proxy for the activation of fast heterogeneous runoff processes. We developed three hypotheses that increase the versatility of a hydrological model by modifying the volume and temporal distribution of effective rainfall when high‐intensity rainfall events occur. These modifications were implemented within the GR5H lumped rainfall–runoff model. The different model versions were run on 229 French catchments where 10 652 flood events were selected. Model performance was assessed considering five groups of catchments, and model performance was also evaluated based on three event characteristics. Results showed that introducing a dynamic dependency of fluxes to rainfall intensities at the hourly time step helps to improve the simulation of floods, especially on Mediterranean catchment areas. Generic values of the additional parameters are proposed to limit the increase in calibration complexity.
Person‐years of life lost and lost earnings from cigarette smoking‐attributable cancer deaths, United States, 2019
Authors: Islami Farhad , Marlow Emily C. , Zhao Jingxuan , Wiese Daniel , Asare Samuel , Bandi Priti , Thomson Blake , Zheng Zhiyuan , Nargis Nigar , Yabroff K. Robin , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractState‐specific information on lost earnings due to smoking‐attributable cancer deaths to inform and advocate for tobacco control policies is lacking. We estimated person‐years of life lost (PYLL) and lost earnings due to cigarette smoking‐attributable cancer deaths in the United States nationally and by state. Proportions and numbers of cigarette smoking‐attributable cancer deaths and associated PYLL among individuals aged 25 to 79 years in 2019 were calculated and combined with annual median earnings to estimate lost earnings attributable to cigarette smoking. In 2019, estimated total PYLL and lost earnings associated with cigarette smoking‐attributable cancer deaths in ages 25 to 79 years in the United States were 2 188 195 (95% CI, 2 148 707‐2 231 538) PYLL and $20.9 billion ($20.0 billion‐$21.7 billion), respectively. States with the highest overall age‐standardized PYLL and lost earning rates generally were in the South and Midwest. The estimated rate per 100 000 population ranged from 352 (339‐366) in Utah to 1337 (1310‐1367) in West Virginia for PYLL and from $4.3 million ($3.5 million‐$5.2 million) in Idaho to $14.8 million ($10.6 million‐$20.7 million) in Missouri for lost earnings. If age‐specific PYLL and lost earning rates in Utah had been achieved by all states, 58.2% (57.0%‐59.5%) of the estimated total PYLL (1 274 178; 1 242 218‐1 306 685 PYLL) and 50.5% (34.2%‐62.4%) of lost earnings ($10.5 billion; $7.1 billion‐$13.1 billion) in 2019 nationally would have been avoided. Lost earnings due to smoking‐attributable cancer deaths are substantial in the United States and are highest in states with weaker tobacco control policies.
Investigating the role of aligner material and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics
Authors: Kaur Harsimrat , Khurelbaatar Tsolmonbaatar , Mah James , Heo Giseon , Major Paul W. , Romanyk Dan L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe primary objective of this work was to investigate the effect of material selection and tooth position on orthodontic aligner biomechanics. Additionally, material property changes with thermoforming were studied to elucidate its role in material performance in‐vitro. An orthodontic simulator (OSIM) was used to evaluate forces and moments at 0.20 mm of lingual displacement for central incisor, canine and second premolar using Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polyurethane (PU) and Glycol‐modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET‐G) materials. The OSIM was scanned to generate a model used to fabricate aligners using manufacturer‐specified thermoforming procedures. Repeated measures of MANOVA was used to analyze the effect of teeth and material on forces/moments. The role of thermoforming was evaluated by flexural modulus estimated by 3‐point bend tests. Pre‐thermoformed and post‐thermoformed samples were prepared using as‐received sheets and those thermoformed over a simplified arch using rectangular geometry, respectively. Groups were compared using Two‐way ANOVA. The PET, PU, and PET‐G materials exerted maximum buccal force and corresponding moments on the canine. PU exerted more buccal force than PET‐G on the canine and second premolar, and more than PET on the second premolar. The impact of thermoforming varied according to the specific polymer: PET‐G remained stable, there was a slight change for PET, and a significant increase was noted for PU from pre‐thermoformed to post‐thermoforming. The results of this study elucidate the influence of material and arch position on the exerted forces and moments. Further, the mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials should be evaluated after thermoforming to characterize their properties for clinical application.
Recent advances in total synthesis of natural products by masked ortho‐benzoquinones
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ming , Hsieh Hsing‐Pang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Diels‐Alder adducts of masked ortho‐benzoquinone (MOB) normally perform high regio‐ and stereoselectivity and are generated under mild conditions. The advantages of MOB include: (a) Containing highly functional moieties: alkene, diene, carbonyl, enone, and dienone; (b) Easily accessible from 2‐methoxyphenol derivatives via oxidative dearomatization, and related 2‐methoxyphenol easily prepared from commercially available starting materials; (c) The Diels‐Alder adducts possessing unique features such as regio‐ and stereoselectivity and at least four contiguous stereogenic centers in one step. Furthermore, related bicyclo[2.2.2]octenone skeleton can be applied to further complex structure construction by various chemical transformations, such as radical cyclization, oxa‐di‐π‐methane rearrangement, Beckwith‐Dowd rearrangement, hydrogen atom transfer reaction, Cope rearrangement, Wanger‐Meerwein rearrangement, carbonyl‐ene reaction, aldol reaction, ring opening etc. Among these advantages, MOB system is prospected to continue as an important intermediate for total synthesis of natural products.
Learning curve for performing laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in biliary surgery 2.0 era
Authors: Durán Manuel , Silvestre José , Hernández Jara , Briceño Javier , Martínez‐Isla Alberto , Martínez‐Cecilia David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent trials and metanalysis have demonstrated the favorable results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) for the treatment of cholecysto‐choledocholithiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the LC + LCBDE learning curve including transcystic and transductal approaches and its effect on the outcomes.MethodsWe identified all unselected patients who underwent LC + LCBDE by a single surgeon between May 2017 and July 2021. Pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative data were analyzed using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis to evaluate the learning curve.ResultsA total of 110 patients were included. Total postoperative complications rate was 12.7%, including bile leakage in six (5.5%) patients. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.7 (1‐14) days. No patient had conversion to open surgery. The CUSUM graph divided the learning curve into three distinct phases: (1) Learning (1–38), (2) Competence (39–61) and (3) Proficiency (62–110). There was a significant increase in the transcystic approach rate with each phase (44.7% vs 73.9% vs 98%; P < .001). A significant decrease in the operative time (150.9 vs 117.6 vs 99.9 min; P < .001) and complication rate (21.1% vs 21.7% vs 2%; P = .01) were observed across the three phases.ConclusionOur data suggest that the learning curve for complete competence in LC + LCBDE is approximately 60 cases, provided that proper training is available. The initial learning phase can be carried out safely and efficiently with acceptable results.
Immunotherapy targeting mesothelin in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Qingguang , Gong Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMesothelin (MSLN) is an emerging target that exists in soluble and membrane-associated forms. It is usually used for the diagnosis and treatment of MSLN-positive solid tumors. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that MSLN is highly expressed in 36% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and barely expressed in normal hematopoietic cells, which makes MSLN a promising target for the treatment of AML. It has been shown that MSLN is detectable as a diagnostic marker in its soluble form. Although the mechanism of action is unclear, MSLN remains a promising target for immunotherapy. Most MSLN research has been conducted in solid tumors, and less research has been conducted in hematopoietic tumors. Increasing research on MSLN is underway in AML, a hematopoietic neoplasm. For example, MSLN is related to extramedullary disease, minimal residual disease, and relapse in AML patients. Decreasing the expression of MSLN reduces the severity of the disease course. This information suggests that MSLN may be an ideal target for the treatment of many AML-related diseases to improve the prognosis and survival rate. At present, there are a few immunotherapies targeting MSLN in AML in preclinical and clinical trials, such as antibody‒drug conjugates, bispecific T-cell engagers, and chimeric antigen receptor-T cells, which opens new room for the treatment of MSLN-related AML.
Mud in the city: Effects of freshwater salinization on inland urban wetland nitrogen and phosphorus availability and export
Authors: Kinsman‐Costello Lauren , Bean Eban , Goeckner Audrey , Matthews Jeffrey W. , O'Driscoll Michael , Palta Monica M. , Peralta Ariane L. , Reisinger Alexander J. , Reyes Gabriela J. , Smyth Ashley R. , Stofan Marie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSalinization and eutrophication are nearly ubiquitous in watersheds with human activity. Despite the known impacts of the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) to organisms, we demonstrate a pronounced knowledge gap on how FSS alters wetland biogeochemistry. Most experiments assessing FSS and biogeochemistry pertain to coastal saltwater intrusion. The few inland wetland studies mostly add salt as sodium chloride. Sodium chloride alone does not reflect the ionic composition of inland salinization, which derives from heterogeneous sources, producing spatially and temporally variable ionic mixtures. We develop mechanistic hypotheses for how elevated ionic strength and changing ionic composition alter urban wetland sediment biogeochemistry, with the prediction that FSS diminishes nutrient removal capacity via a suite of related direct and indirect processes. We propose that future efforts specifically investigate inland urban wetlands, a category of wetland heavily relied on for its biogeochemical processing ability that is likely to be among the most impacted by salinization.
Are the Temporal Changes Observed in the Reproductive Biology of the Estuarine Conguito Sea Catfish Related to Increased Small-Scale Fishing Effort on the Northwestern Pacific Coast of Mexico?
Authors: Amezcua-Linares Felipe , Cruz-González Karen A. , Flores-de-Santiago Francisco , Muro Victor , Green Lucinda , Amezcua Felipe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Biological parameters relating to the reproductive biology of Conguito Sea Catfish Cathorops liropus were investigated in 1979–1984 and 2015–2018 from an estuarine system on the northwestern Pacific coast of Mexico. In the first period, the spawning season occurred during the dry–warm season (April–June), according with the percentage of mature females and the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI) values. Mean TL was 12.3 cm, two cohorts were found, length at maturity was 18.6 cm, and fecundity was 24.47 oocytes/organism. In the second period, the spawning season extended to the rainy–warm season (July–November), as reflected by the percentage of mature females and the GSI values. Mean TL was 11.6 cm, length at maturity decreased to 17.1 cm, and fecundity decreased to 20.67 oocytes/organism, indicating a reduction in the size-based indicators and a change in the spawning period and reproductive effort as time passed. The number of fishing skiffs increased from 1,103 in 1980 to 2,434 in 2019, representing a 220% increase, and the landings increased from 400 to 3,432 metric tons in the same period. Temporal trends in surface water temperature, salinity, and the Oceanic Niño Index did not explain the observed changes between the study periods. These results suggest that the observed changes in the reproductive potential of Conguito Sea Catfish have been at least partially due to fishing.
Technical note: Rapid and high‐resolution deep learning–based radiopharmaceutical imaging with 3D‐CZT Compton camera and sparse projection data
Authors: Yao Zhiyang , Shi Changrong , Tian Feng , Xiao Yongshun , Geng Changran , Tang Xiaobin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Compton camera (CC) has great potential in nuclear medicine imaging due to the high detection efficiency and the ability to simultaneously detect multi‐energy radioactive sources. However, the finite resolution of the detectors will degrade the images that the real‐world CC can obtain. Besides, the CC sometimes can be limited by the detection efficiency, leading to difficulty in using sparse projection data to realize high‐resolution reconstruction with short‐time measurement, which limits its clinical application for real‐time or rapid radiopharmaceutical imaging.PurposeTo overcome the difficulty and promote the usage of the CC in radiopharmaceutical imaging, we present a deep learning (DL)–based CC reconstruction method to realize rapid and high‐resolution imaging with short‐time measurement.MethodsWe developed a DL–based algorithm MCBP‐CCnet via Monte Carlo sampling–based back projection and a dedicated convolutional neural network, called CC‐Net, to realize the rapid and high‐resolution reconstruction with sparse projection data. A CC prototype based on a single three‐dimensional position‐sensitive CdZnTe (3D‐CZT) detector was used to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method. The simulations and experiments of radiopharmaceutical imaging used the 3D‐CZT CC and [18F]NaF. A 3D‐printing mouse phantom was also further used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in animal molecular imaging.ResultsThe simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed method could realize the images reconstruction within 5 s for list‐mode projection data and realized a rapid reconstruction within 35 s for experimental radiopharmaceutical imaging based on the 3D‐printing mouse phantom, as well as realized the high‐resolution imaging with an accuracy of within 0.78 mm in terms of the sparse projection data that only contained hundreds of events. Besides, the deviations between the reconstructed radiative activities and the exact values were less than 1.51%.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the proposed method could realize the rapid and high‐resolution CC reconstruction with sparse projection data obtained by the 3D‐CZT CC and realize the high‐resolution radiopharmaceutical imaging. The study in this paper also demonstrated the potential and feasibility of future applications of a 3D‐CZT CC for real‐time high‐resolution radiopharmaceutical imaging with short‐time measurement.
Early Iron Age cavalry? Evidence of oral and thoracolumbar pathologies on possible warhorses from Iron Age, Denmark
Authors: Kveiborg Jacob , Nørgaard Maria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article presents paleopathological analyses of six adult male Iron Age horses (4th century BC to 5th century AD) found in association with large amounts of ritually deposited warrior paraphernalia including horse tack. Pathological lesions have been observed on all six horses. The observed pathologies can be divided into three major categories: oral pathologies including abnormal dental wear, spinal pathologies and trauma, and pathologies of the limb bones. Some of the observed pathologies (e.g., cranial asymmetry) are most likely developmental, and some (e.g., arthritic thoracolumbar lesions and bone spavin) are possibly age related. Other observed lesions, such as mandibular periostitis (bony spurs) at the dorsal interalveolar margin and abnormal dental wear, seem to be more directly associated with horseback riding or the use of bits. The close match between a reconstructed ported bit from one of the sites included in the study and dental lesions and wear in two of the horses suggests that the horses were ridden with equipment strongly connected to warfare. The presence of vertebral endplate fractures in the thoracolumbar region in three of the horses may further relate to the use of horses for riding. The analyses thus support previous studies in suggesting that pathologies located in the lower thoracic/lumbar region and various types of bit wear are indicative of horseback riding.