bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 in rheumatoid arthritis: Longitudinal change after treatment and correlation with treatment efficacy of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Gaozhan , Xiang Lei , Yuan Jie , Tao Ying , Zhang Lin , Zhang Anbing , Chang Xiuli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) correlates with treatment outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to further evaluate the MALT1 longitudinal change and its relationship with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) response in RA patients.MethodsSeventy‐one RA patients receiving TNFi [etanercept (n = 42) or adalimumab (n = 29)] were enrolled. MALT1 was detected by RT‐qPCR in peripheral blood samples of RA patients before treatment (W0), at week (W)4, W12, and W24 after treatment. RA patients were divided into response/non‐response, remission/non‐remission patients according to their treatment outcome at W24. Meanwhile, MALT1 was also detected by RT‐qPCR in 30 osteoarthritis patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs).ResultsMucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 was elevated in RA patients compared with HCs (Z=−6.392, p < 0.001) and osteoarthritis patients (Z = −5.020, p < 0.001). In RA patients, MALT1 was positively correlated with C‐reactive protein (rs = 0.347, p = 0.003), but not other clinical characteristics, treatment history, or current TNFi category. Meanwhile, MALT1 decreased from W0 to W12 in total RA patients (x2 = 86.455, p < 0.001), etanercept subgroup (x2 = 46.636, p < 0.001), and adalimumab subgroup (x2 = 41.291, p < 0.001). Moreover, MALT1 at W24 (p = 0.012) was decreased in response patients compared with non‐response patients; MALT1 at W12 (p = 0.027) and W24 (p = 0.010) were reduced in remission patients than non‐remission patients. In etanercept subgroup, MALT1 at W24 (p = 0.013) was decreased in response patients compared with non‐response patients. In adalimumab subgroup, MALT1 at W24 (p = 0.015) was lower in remission patients than non‐remission patients.ConclusionMucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 reduction after treatment is associated with response and remission to TNFi in RA patients.
TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection in Zhejiang, China and its enlightenment to nursing care
Authors: He Wenjuan , Jiang Meina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposePrevious literatures on the association between TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection risk reported conflict results. We conducted a case‐control study and meta‐analysis to investigate whether TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection.Patients and methods254 patients with Helicobacter pylori positive and 235 patients with Helicobacter pylori negative were enrolled. PubMed, Embase, CNKI (Chinese national knowledge internet) were carefully searched and reviewed. Odds ratio (OR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to calculate the association power.ResultsGG genotype of TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism contributes increased risk to the population of Zhejiang, China (p = 0.019). Meta‐analysis found that the positive findings came from Asian population by allele contrast (p = 0.006), homozygote comparison (p = 0.006) and recessive genetic model (p = 0.001).ConclusionTLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection risk for population of Zhejiang, China. Combined with individual gene polymorphism, the accuracy of risk assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection can be improved and individualized health education can be provided for patients with Helicobacter pylori infection by nurses.
Unpacking extracellular vesicles: RNA cargo loading and function
Authors: Dellar Elizabeth R. , Hill Claire , Melling Genevieve E. , Carter David R.F , Baena‐Lopez Luis Alberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane‐enclosed structures produced by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a range of biological cargoes, including RNA, protein, and lipids, which may have both metabolic significance and signalling potential. EV release has been suggested to play a critical role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by eliminating unnecessary biological material from EV producing cells, and as a delivery system to enable cellular communication between both neighbouring and distant cells without physical contact. In this review, we give an overview of what is known about the relative enrichment of the different types of RNA that have been associated with EVs in the most recent research efforts. We then examine the selective and non‐selective incorporation of these different RNA biotypes into EVs, the molecular systems of RNA sorting into EVs that have been elucidated so far, and the role of this process in EV‐producing cells. Finally, we also discuss the model systems providing evidence for EV‐mediated delivery of RNA to recipient cells, and the implications of this evidence for the relevance of this RNA delivery process in both physiological and pathological scenarios.
Automated synthesis of (R)‐[18F]MH.MZ on the iPhase Flexlab reaction platform
Authors: Rosenberg Adam J. , Cheung Yiu‐Yin , Liu Fei , Peterson Todd E. , Silverman James , Considine Ciaran M. , Claassen Daniel O. 
Published: May 2022

(R)‐[18F]MH.MZ ([18F]MH.MZ) is a promising positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for in vivo study of the 5‐HT2A receptor. To facilitate clinical trials, a fully automated radiosynthesis procedure for [18F]MH.MZ was developed using commercially available materials on the iPhase Flexlab module. The overall synthesis time was 100 min with a radiochemical yield of 7 ± 0.9% (n = 3). The radiochemical purity was greater than 99% for [18F]MH.MZ with a molar activity of 361 ± 57 GBq/μmol (n = 3). The protocol described herein reliably provides [18F]MH.MZ that meets all relevant release criteria for a GMP radiopharmaceutical.
Theoretical study on the structure and the isomerization mechanism of N‐nitropyrazole
Authors: Zhang Weijing , Li Tong , Xu Hongtao , Jiang Xibo , Yang Jian , Zhang Tonglai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractN‐nitropyrazole, as a kind of important intermediate, is used to synthesize the novel energetic material. Therefore, it is necessary to get an insight into the isomerization mechanism. Herein, we propose three reaction pathways. Quantum chemistry theory was used to calculate the structure, energy, and thermal parameter. Pathway A is the main path with the lowest energy barrier. The theoretical rate constant is 0.022 min−1 which has a good agreement with the experimental result of 0.021 min−1. The proton shift was also studied to confirm that 2H‐3‐nitropyrazole is the final production.
Effect of high‐temperature, high‐pressure, and acidic conditions on the structure and properties of high‐performance fibers
Authors: Sun Haoming , Li Pengfei , Wang Xiangyu , Xiang Dong , Zhang Zhi , Wang Bin , Wu Yuanpeng , Zhao Chunxia , Li Hui , Harkin‐Jones Eileen , Li Yuntao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance fibers such as carbon, aramid, and glass fiber generally have excellent mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance and they have potential applications in oil and gas exploitation where high‐temperature and high‐pressure (HTHP) H2S/CO2 corrosive environments usually exist. To investigate the corrosion behavior of these fibers under such environments, two corrosion environments (HTHP water, HTHP H2S/CO2) were simulated in a high‐temperature high‐pressure reactor. Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, density measurements, and single fiber tensile test were performed to study the surface morphology, crystal structure, and mechanical properties before and after corrosion. After exposure to the second corrosion environment, the carbon aramid fibers had no obvious mass loss and tensile strength retention of 70.28% and 49.66%, respectively. The surface of the aramid fiber and carbon fibers was significantly damaged which led to an increase in surface defects and a decrease in crystallinity. The glass fiber had clear weight loss due to a large number of defects being formed in the structure and the retention of tensile fracture strength was 48.18%. Corrosion under HTHP H2S/CO2 conditions caused more serious damage to the high‐performance fiber structures.
FGF21 response to sucrose is associated with BMI and dorsal striatal signaling in humans
Authors: Alves Jasmin M. , Yunker Alexandra G. , Luo Shan , Jann Kay , Angelo Brendan , DeFendis Alexis , Pickering Trevor A. , Smith Alexandro , Monterosso John R. , Page Kathleen A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined associations between BMI and dietary sugar intake with sucrose‐induced fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and whether circulating FGF21 is associated with brain signaling following sucrose ingestion in humans.MethodsA total of 68 adults (29 male; mean [SD), age 23.2 [3.8] years; BMI 27.1 [4.9] kg/m2) attended visits after a 12‐hour fast. Plasma FGF21 was measured at baseline and at 15, 30, and 120 minutes after sucrose ingestion (75 g in 300 mL of water). Brain cerebral blood flow responses to sucrose were measured using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsHigher circulating FGF21 levels were associated with reduced blood flow in the striatum in response to sucrose (β = −7.63, p = 0.03). This association was greatest among persons with healthy weight (β = −15.70, p = 0.007) and was attenuated in people with overweight (β = −4.00, p = 0.63) and obesity (β = −12.45, p = 0.13). BMI was positively associated with FGF21 levels in response to sucrose (β = 0.53, p = 0.02). High versus low dietary sugar intake was associated with greater FGF21 responses to acute sucrose ingestion in individuals with healthy weight (β = 8.51, p = 0.04) but not in individuals with overweight or obesity (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThese correlative findings support evidence in animals showing that FGF21 acts on the brain to regulate sugar consumption through a negative feedback loop.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Ultrafast Dynamics of a Ni2Dy2‐Compound in DMF After UV/Vis Photoexcitation
Authors: Sold Stefan , Mummaneni Bharadwaj C. , Michenfelder Nadine C. , Peng Yan , Powell Annie K. , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil , Lefkidis Georgios , Hübner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the groups of Wolfgang Hübner (TU Kaiserslautern, Germany), Annie Powell (Karlsruhe Institut of Technology, Germany), and Andreas‐Neil Unterreiner (Karlsruhe Institut of Technology, Germany). The cover picture shows the Dy2Ni2‐molecular magnet being excited with a UV/Vis laser pulse, together with its time‐resolved spectrum after the pulse. The comparison of the theoretical and the experimental spectra together with both the observed and the calculated relaxation times reveal, among others, three key points: the intermediate states participating in the laser‐induced dynamics, the partial metal‐to‐oxygen charge‐transfer excitations, and the order of magnitude of the coupling of the molecular magnet to the thermal bath of the environment. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.202100153.
Judgments of mathematical beauty are resistant to revision through external opinion
Authors: Zhang Haoxuan , Zeki Semir 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe here address the question of the extent to which judgments of mathematical beauty (which we categorize as biological beauty) are resistant to revision through external opinion. A total of 100 mathematicians of different national and ethnic origins were asked to rate 60 mathematical equations for their beauty; after being presented a fictitious “expert rating,” they were asked to re‐rate the same equations. Results showed that the judgments of mathematical beauty had a high level of resistance to external opinion. This is in line with the resistance to revision of a judgments for other categories of biological beauty.
Effect of gel additives on poly(vinylidene chloride‐co‐acrylontrile)‐based polymer membranes
Authors: Mathew Chithra M. , Rajendran Somasundaram 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFree standing films of gel polymer electrolytes with poly(vinylidene chloride‐co‐acrylontrile)/ poly(methyl methacrylate) are prepared and analyzed using ac impedance spectroscopy (EIS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction technique (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An enhanced ionic conductivity is observed for the polymer matrix on the addition of low‐molecular weight plasticizers. The obtained ionic conductivity is in the following order: EC + gBL > PC + gBL > EC + PC > EC + DMSO > PC + DMSO. The AC conductivity plot shows three well‐defined regions such as a low‐frequency deviation, a frequency independent plateau representing the DC conductivity and high‐frequency dispersion. The reduced dielectric value at higher frequencies is due to electrical relaxation process and the material electrode polarization. This is possibly associated with the large dipole moment of the carboxyl (C=O) group as well as nitrile (C ≡ N) group in the blend. The observed change in vibrational intensity of the C ≡ N group in each polymer membrane can be explained by the interaction between functional groups of both polymers and plasticizers.
Kondo‐Mania
Authors: Kirchner Stefan , Bühler‐Paschen Silke 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Kondo‐Effekt ist ein Vielteilchen‐Effekt, der die Eigenschaften ganz unterschiedlicher Materialklassen prägt. Deshalb ist er ein zentrales Thema der Festkörperphysik. Schon der ursprüngliche Spin‐Kondo‐Effekt ist nicht nur wegen des Kondo‐abgeschirmten Zustands mit hohen effektiven Massen von Interesse, sondern auch wegen der Physik des Kondo‐Aufbruchs. Letztere beinhaltet einen quantenkritischen Ladungs‐Delokalisierungs‐Übergang mit Strange‐Metal‐Verhalten und unkonventioneller Supraleitung. In Kombination mit starker Spin‐Bahn‐Kopplung treten neuartige topologische Phänomene auf. In einer verallgemeinerten Betrachtung können andere Zwei‐ oder sogar Mehrniveausysteme an die Stelle der lokalisierten Spins treten. Sogar akustische Phononen können die Rolle der Ladungsträger übernehmen. Kondo‐Physik tritt zudem in „künstlichen“ Systemen auf, an Implementierungen in kalten Atomsystemen wird gearbeitet. Neueste Entwicklungen deuten darauf hin, dass der Kondo‐Effekt auch zur Entwicklung quantentechnologischer Systeme führen könnte.
Wasser in der Erde und in kosmischen Eiswelten
Authors: Loerting Thomas , Liermann Hanns‐Peter 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluss von Wasser auf die Dynamik von Planeten wie der Erde oder Neptun sind nach wie vor nur sehr rudimentär verstanden. So wird Wasser durch wasserhaltige Minerale mittels Subduktionszonen ins Erdinnere transportiert, ohne dass klar ist, ob es dort gespeichert wird oder aber durch Vulkanismus wieder an die Oberfläche gelangt. Experimente mit Hochdruckpressen erlauben es, extreme Bedingungen im Erdinneren nachzustellen und die dortigen Prozesse durch Untersuchung der physikalischen Eigenschaften mittels neuester Röntgentechnik zu entschlüsseln. Auch die innere Struktur vieler Himmelskörper ist nach wie vor ungeklärt. Die Frage, ob es unterirdische Ozeane auf Eismonden gibt oder feste Schichten von verschiedenen Eispolymorphen, ist genauso ungeklärt wie die Frage, ob das Magnetfeld der Eisriesen durch Eis bei Ultrahochdruck entsteht. Noch viel weniger wissen wir über die Prozesse im Eismantel der interstellaren Staubkörner. Auch wenn es nur kleine, ferne Körner sein mögen, liegen viele Antworten auf die Rätsel des Lebens und der Evolution in der Chemie dieser amorphen Eisschichten verborgen.
Droplet deposition and pest control efficacy on pine trees from aerial application
Authors: Yao Weixiang , Guo Shuang , Wang Juan , Chen Chunling , Yu Fenghua , Li Xiang , Xu Tongyu , Lan Yubin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAerial application, a spraying method with aircraft as the application platform, is one of the most important methods of pest control in pine forests. This work aimed to investigate the movement and distribution patterns of droplets and the pest control effectiveness of helicopter spraying on Masson pine (MP) and Korean pine (KP) trees. In particular, three nozzle types (CP02, CP03 and CP04) were evaluated and compared at the same spray volume rate (15 L ha−1) in both wind tunnel and field trials.RESULTSThe CP04 nozzle with a larger orifice size showed significantly better deposition and penetration, but the precision of flight operation parameters must be strictly controlled when using this type of nozzle. The majority (≥48%) of the droplets produced by the three nozzle types were concentrated in the range of <200 μm, and the spray performance of each nozzle type was more stable in the range 201–300 μm. The final pest correction control rate (CR) of MP was in the range 59.24–95.74% and that of KP was 45.41–54.39% by helicopter spraying.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed that it is necessary to select the appropriate nozzle type and ensure accurate flight parameters for aerial application in mountain pine forests. Meanwhile, it also confirms the importance of the timing of operation which can lead to incorrect implementation, resulting in poor control effectiveness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Use of physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling to inform dosing of the opioid analgesics fentanyl and methadone in children with obesity
Authors: Gerhart Jacqueline G. , Carreño Fernando O. , Ford Jennifer L. , Edginton Andrea N. , Perrin Eliana M. , Watt Kevin M. , Muller William J. , Atz Andrew M. , Al‐Uzri Amira , Delmore Paula , Gonzalez Daniel ,   Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act–Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
Published: May 2022

AbstractObesity is an increasingly alarming public health threat, with nearly 20% of children classified as obese in the United States today. Children with obesity are commonly prescribed the opioids fentanyl and methadone, and accurate dosing is critical to reducing the risk of serious adverse events associated with overexposure. However, pharmacokinetic studies in children with obesity are challenging to conduct, so there is limited information to guide fentanyl and methadone dosing in these children. To address this clinical knowledge gap, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models of fentanyl and methadone were developed in adults and scaled to children with and without obesity to explore the interplay of obesity, age, and pharmacogenomics. These models included key obesity‐induced changes in physiology and pharmacogenomic effects. Model predictions captured observed concentrations in children with obesity well, with an overall average fold error of 0.72 and 1.08 for fentanyl and methadone, respectively. Model simulations support a reduced fentanyl dose (1 vs. 2 μg/kg/h) starting at an earlier age (6 years) in virtual children with obesity, highlighting the importance of considering both age and obesity status when selecting an infusion rate most likely to achieve steady‐state concentrations within the target range. Methadone dosing simulations highlight the importance of considering genotype in addition to obesity status when possible, as cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6*6/*6 virtual children with obesity required half the dose to match the exposure of wildtype children without obesity. This physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling approach can be applied to explore dosing of other critical drugs in children with obesity.
Drug use over time among never‐deployed US Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers: The longitudinal effects of non‐deployment emotions and sex
Authors: Hoopsick Rachel A. , Homish D. Lynn , Lawson Schuyler C. , Homish Gregory G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSome US military service members who have never been deployed experience negative emotions related to never having been deployed, and some work shows these non‐deployment emotions (NDE) are cross‐sectionally associated with hazardous drinking for male, but not female, US Army Reserve/National Guard (USAR/NG) soldiers. However, it is not known if these effects extend to drug use or persist longitudinally, which is the focus of the current study. We conducted a longitudinal residual change analysis of a subset of data (N = 182 never‐deployed soldiers) from Operation: SAFETY, an ongoing survey‐based study of USAR/NG soldiers recruited from units across New York State. Outcome measures included current tobacco use, non‐medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD), current cannabis use, and other current illicit drug use (excluding cannabis) at four time points over a 3‐year period. Results from bootstrapped residual change generalized estimating equation (GEE) models show that more negative NDE were longitudinally associated with a greater likelihood of current NMUPD among male, but not female, soldiers (p < 0.05). NDE were not longitudinally associated with current tobacco use, cannabis use, or other illicit drug use among male or female soldiers (ps > 0.05). NDE may contribute to ongoing NMUPD among male USAR/NG soldiers who have never been deployed. Never‐deployed soldiers, especially those with negative emotions related to never having been deployed, should not be overlooked in military screening and intervention efforts.
Construction of Integrated Electrodes with Transport Highways for Pure‐Water‐Fed Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Wan Lei , Liu Jing , Xu Ziang , Xu Qin , Pang Maobin , Wang Peican , Wang Baoguo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe design of high‐performance and durable electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for pure‐water‐fed anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). In this study, an integrated electrode with vertically aligned ionomer‐incorporated nickel‐iron layered double hydroxide nanosheet arrays, used on one side of the liquid/gas diffusion layer, is fabricated for the OER. Transport highways in the fabricated integrated electrode, significantly improve the transport of liquid/gas, hydroxide ions, and electron in the anode, resulting in a high current density of 1900 mA cm–2 at 1.90 V in pure‐water‐fed AEMWE. Specifically, three‐electrode and single‐cell measurement results indicate that an anion‐exchange ionomer can increase the local OH– concentration on the integrated electrodes surface and facilitate the OER for pure‐water‐fed AEMWE. This study highlights a new approach to fabricating and understanding electrode architecture with enhanced performance and durability for pure‐water‐fed AEMWE.
Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion on Ru/Ni Hydroxide Hybrid through Zinc‐Nitrate Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhou Fengling , Sun Chenghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe fuel cell is a basic device to generate electricity from chemical fuels. It is often operated with oxygen as the oxidizing agent, but its sluggish reduction has become a key challenge. Herein, a conceptual oxygen‐free design is demonstrated, namely a zinc‐nitrate fuel cell, which converts nitrate waste into valuable ammonia and generates electricity simultaneously. The cell is constructed with zinc foil as the anode and ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles loaded on nickel foam as the cathode. Catalyzed by Ru/Ni hydroxide hybrid, the reaction rate of 384 mmol h–1 mgRu–1 (1.4 × 10–6 ± 0.1 × 10–6 mol s–1 cm–2) and Faradic efficiency (FENH3 = 97% ± 2%) at −0.6 V versus reverse hydrogen electrode are achieved for nitrate‐to‐ammonia conversion. During ammonia production, such zinc‐nitrate fuel cell can further deliver a maximum power density of 51.5 mW cm–2 (0.25 cm2 electrode) and 23.3 mW cm–2 (1 cm2 electrode), keeping ultrahigh Faradic efficiency (97% ± 4% at 40 mA cm–2) after long tests.