bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Floquet electronic bands and transport in magic-angle bilayer graphene
Authors: Ye Xiyin , Xu Hengyi , Zhu Xiaoming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We theoretically study Floquet band structures and transport properties of twisted bilayer graphene at the magic-angle under the irradiation of variously polarized light. The magic-angle bilayer graphene is depicted by the newly proposed ten-band tight-binding model and the iterative continued fraction method is adopted to facilitate the calculations of electronic properties in the low-frequency regime. The transitions between Floquet sidebands induce discontinuous electronic bands and energy gaps which further give rise to the antiresonances in longitudinal conductivity calculated by the Kubo formula. Furthermore, significant Hall conductivity is generated by circularly polarized light and its magnitude and sign are sensitive to light polarization as well as photoinduced bandgap-opening, offering a feasible way to tune Hall conductivity by manipulating light polarization. We finally take into account the interplay between light irradiation and short-range disorder, and reveal that disorder scattering remarkably enhances the photoinduced Hall conductivity and can be viewed as an extrinsic source to Hall conductivity.
Total power horn-coupled 150 GHz LEKID array for space applications
Authors: Paiella A. , Coppolecchia A. , de Bernardis P. , Masi S. , Cruciani A. , Lamagna L. , Pettinari G. , Piacentini F. , Bersanelli M. , Cavaliere F. , Franceschet C. , Gervasi M. , Limonta A. , Mandelli S. , Manzan E. , Mennella A. , Passerini A. , Tommasi E. , Volpe A. , Zannoni M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We have developed two arrays of lumped element kinetic inductance detectors working in the D-band, and optimised for the low radiative background conditions of a satellite mission aiming at precision measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. The first detector array is sensitive to the total power of the incoming radiation to which is coupled via single-mode waveguides and corrugated feed-horns, while the second is sensitive to the polarisation of the radiation thanks to orthomode transducers.

Here, we focus on the total power detector array, which is suitable, for instance, for precision measurements of unpolarised spectral distortions of the CMB, where detecting both polarisations provides a sensitivity advantage. We describe the optimisation of the array design, fabrication and packaging, the dark and optical characterisation, and the performance of the black-body calibrator used for the optical tests. We show that almost all the detectors of the array are photon-noise limited under the radiative background of a 3.6 K black-body. This result, combined with the weak sensitivity to cosmic ray hits demonstrated with the OLIMPO flight, validates the idea of using lumped elements kinetic inductance detectors for precision, space-based CMB missions.
Instrumental agreement and retrospective analysis of trends in precipitation extremes in the French Mediterranean Region
Authors: Blanchet Juliette , Creutin Jean-Dominique 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this letter we show the emergence of an agreement between the instruments of a rain-gauge network to point toward a positive trend in daily precipitation extremes since 1960 in the French Mediterranean Region. We identify for each gauge the time varying parameters of the generalized extreme value distribution of annual maximum precipitation over incremental time-windows. These distributions provide for each station of the network a trend assessment over a chosen period that can be interpreted for instance as a trend of the mean or as the trend of a chosen quantile. The incremental window, i.e. a window containing the series of data available at a given date, mimics the annual assessment of the trends that could have been made through time. Each year we thus have one trend per gauge that we can look in distribution through the network in order to assess the level of consensus among instruments. We show how the increasing size of the datasets used over a period of possible climate non-stationarity progressively leads from a dissensus anarchically pointing to no trend (before the 2000s) to a consensus where a majority of gauges points toward a positive trend (after the 2000s). The detected trend in this Mediterranean Region is quite substantial. For instance the 20 year return period precipitation in 1960 turns out to become a 8 year return period precipitation in 2020. Using a simulation basis we try to characterize the effect of decadal variability that is quite readable in the consensus evolution. The proposed metrics is thought to be a good candidate for the assessment of the local time and rate of emergence of climate change that has important implications in regards to adaptation of human and natural systems.
Economic evaluation of the e-Health StandingTall balance exercise programme for fall prevention in people aged 70 years and over
Authors: Ambrens Meghan , van Schooten Kimberley S , Lung Thomas , Clemson Lindy , Close Jacqueline C T , Howard Kirsten , Lord Stephen R , Zijlstra G A Rixt , Tiedemann Anne , Valenzuela Trinidad , Vandelanotte Corneel , Chow Jessica , McInerney Garth , Miles Lillian , Woodbury Ashley , Delbaere Kim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
globally, falls and fall-related injuries are the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality in older people. In our ageing society healthcare costs are increasing, therefore programmes that reduce falls and are considered value for money are needed.

Objective
to complete an economic evaluation of an e-Health balance exercise programme that reduced falls and injurious falls in community-dwelling older people compared to usual care from a health and community-care funder perspective.

Design
a within-trial economic evaluation of an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial with 2 years of follow-up.

Setting
StandingTall was delivered via tablet-computer at home to older community-dwelling people in Sydney, Australia.

Participants
five hundred and three individuals aged 70+ years who were independent in activities of daily living, without cognitive impairment, progressive neurological disease or any other unstable or acute medical condition precluding exercise.

Main outcome measures
cost-effectiveness was measured as the incremental cost per fall and per injurious fall prevented. Cost-utility was measured as the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.

Main results
the total average cost per patient for programme delivery and care resource cost was $8,321 (standard deviation [SD] 18,958) for intervention participants and $6,829 (SD 15,019) for control participants. The incremental cost per fall prevented was $4,785 and per injurious fall prevented was $6,585. The incremental cost per QALY gained was $58,039 (EQ5D-5L) and $110,698 (AQoL-6D).

Conclusion
this evaluation found that StandingTall has the potential to be cost-effective in specific subpopulations of older people, but not necessarily the whole older population.

Trial registration
ACTRN12615000138583.
Impact of advanced practice pharmacists on a culture response program in the emergency department
Authors: Cornell W Kyle , Hile Garrett , Stone Tyler , Hannum Jennifer , Reichert Marc , Hollinger Meredith K 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Culture response programs are an important antimicrobial stewardship strategy in the emergency department. Pharmacists often have a key role in culture response but are most often dependent on other providers to optimize a patient’s antimicrobial therapy. This study assessed the impact of advanced practice pharmacists, with independent prescribing authority, on an emergency department culture response program.

Methods
This was a quasi-experimental preimplementation vs postimplementation evaluation performed at an academic medical center, with a 91-bed adult and pediatric emergency department, during the transition from a nurse-driven to an advanced practice pharmacist–driven program. The primary endpoint was time elapsed between initial culture review and intervention.

Results
Data on 200 interventions were collected from both the pre- and postimplementation phases. Median time from culture review to intervention was 5.27 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 2.8-24.2 hours) before implementation, compared to 2.95 hours (IQR, 1.4-6.1) after implementation (P &lt; 0.001). The nurse-driven program intervened on 27% of positive cultures, while pharmacists intervened on 42% of positive cultures. The types of interventions performed and antibiotic prescribing patterns differed between the 2 study phases, but all choices were deemed appropriate by the criteria set for the purposes of this study.

Conclusion
The roles of advanced practice pharmacists allowed for the establishment of a streamlined culture response workflow. Culture responses occurred at a faster rate than with the previous nurse-driven program while maintaining high-quality clinical decision-making.
Safety of bariatric surgery in patients with previous acute coronary events or heart failure: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Stenberg Erik , Cao Yang , Jernberg Tomas , Näslund Erik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Metabolic (bariatric) surgery for patients with severe obesity and pre-existing heart disease has been reported to reduce the risk for cardiovascular events and mortality; however, concerns of short- and mid-term complications may limit the utility of metabolic surgery for these patients.

Method
This was an observational, nationwide, matched study, including all adult patients operated with a primary gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy procedure in Sweden from January 2011 until October 2020. Patients with or without previous acute coronary syndrome or heart failure were matched 1:5 using propensity scores. The primary outcome was serious postoperative complications, and secondary outcomes were the occurrence of any short-term complications, mid-term complications, weight loss, and health-related quality of life estimates after surgery

Results
Of patients who underwent metabolic surgery, 1165 patients with previous acute coronary syndrome or heart failure and 5825 without diagnosed heart disease were included in matched analyses. No difference was seen between the groups at risk for serious postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery (OR 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.95 to 1.86, P = 0.094), whereas heart disease was associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular complications (incidence 1.1 per cent versus 0.2 per cent, P &lt; 0.001). No differences in overall mid-term complications, weight loss, or improvement of health-related quality of life were seen. Pre-existing heart disease was associated with an increased risk for bowel obstruction and strictures (OR 1.89, 95 per cent c.i. 1.20 to 2.99, P = 0.006).

Conclusion
Patients with severe obesity and heart disease undergoing metabolic surgery have an increased risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications compared with patients with severe obesity without heart disease. A careful preoperative cardiovascular work-up is needed but patients with severe obesity and heart disease should not be excluded from undergoing metabolic surgery.
Attributions for Everyday Discrimination and All-Cause Mortality Risk Among Older Black Women: A Latent Class Analysis Approach
Authors: Erving Christy L , Cobb Ryon J , Sheehan Connor 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study examined the relationship between number of attributed reasons for everyday discrimination and all-cause mortality risk, developed latent classes of discrimination attribution, and assessed whether these latent classes were related to all-cause mortality risk among U.S. older Black women.

Research Design and Method
Participants were from the 2006 and 2008 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 1,133; 335 deaths). Vital status was collected through the National Death Index through 2013 and key informant reports through 2019. Latent class analyses were conducted on discrimination attributions. Weighted Cox proportional hazards model was used to predict all-cause mortality. Analyses controlled for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and health.

Results
Reporting greater attributions for everyday discrimination was associated with higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.117; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.038–1.202; p &lt; .01), controlling for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and health as well as health behaviors. A 4-class solution of the latent class analysis specified the following attribution classes: No/Low Attribution; Ancestry/Gender/Race/Age; Age/Physical Disability; High on All Attributions. When compared to the No/Low Attribution class, membership in the High on All Attributions class was associated with greater mortality risk (HR = 2.809; CI: 1.458–5.412; p &lt; .01).

Discussion and Implications
Findings underscore the importance of everyday discrimination experiences from multiple sources in shaping all-cause mortality risk among older Black women. Accordingly, this study problematizes the homogenization of Black women in aging research and suggests the need for health interventions that consider Black women’s multiplicity of social statuses.
A taxonomy of simulated geomagnetic jerks
Authors: Aubert Julien , Livermore Philip W , Finlay Christopher C , Fournier Alexandre , Gillet Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYGeomagnetic jerks—abrupt changes in the acceleration of Earth’s magnetic field that punctuate geomagnetic records— have been richly documented over the past decades by taking advantage of the complementary strengths of ground observatory and satellite measurements. It has recently been proposed that these events originate from the interplay and timescale separation between slow convection and rapid hydromagnetic wave propagation in Earth’s outer core, with these latter waves playing a key role in the generation of jerk signals. To assess the generality of this explanation, here we analyse a catalogue of 14 events obtained during a 14 000-yr-long temporal sequence from a numerical geodynamo simulation that is the closest to date to Earth’s core conditions regarding timescale separation. Events are classified according to their dynamic origin and the depth at which they are triggered in the outer core. The majority of jerk events are found to arise from intermittent local disruptions of the leading-order force balance between the pressure, Coriolis, buoyancy and Lorentz forces (the QG-MAC balance), that leads to an inertial compensation through the emission of rapid, non-axisymmetric, quasi-geostrophic Alfvén waves from the region where this force balance is disrupted. Jerk events of moderate strength arise from the arrival at low latitudes at the core surface of hydromagnetic wave packets emitted from convective plumes rooted at the inner core boundary. As in an earlier simulation, these account well for jerk features that have recently been documented by satellite and ground observations. The more realistic timescales in the simulation reported here allow further details to be distinguished, such as multiple temporal alternations of geomagnetic acceleration pulses at low latitudes, long-range synchronization of pulse foci in space and rapid longitudinal drift of these foci at the core surface. The strongest events in the catalogue arise from disruption of the leading-order force balance near or at the core surface, from the combined influence of the arrival of buoyancy plumes and magnetic field rearrangement. The hydromagnetic waves that are sent laterally and downwards generate signals that clearly illustrate the presence of nearly synchronous ‘V-shaped’ magnetic variation patterns over a wide portion of Earth’s surface and also at mid to high latitudes, despite the source being confined to low latitudes at the core surface. Other well-known characteristics of strong geomagnetic jerks such as surges in the intensity of the secular variation and inflexions in the length-of-day variations are also reproduced in these events. Irrespectively of the event strength, our results support the hypothesis of a single physical root cause—the emission of magneto-inertial waves following a disruption of the QG-MAC balance—for jerks observed throughout the geomagnetic record.
Control of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in the Oral Cavity Is Associated With Persistence of Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV)16/18 Among Men From the HPV Infection in Men Study
Authors: Dickey Brittney L , Giuliano Anna R , Sirak Bradley , Abrahamsen Martha , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Villa Luisa L , Coghill Anna E 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) incidence is increasing among men. Biomarkers that can identify oral HPV16/18 infections likely to persist, the obligate precursor for HPV-OPC, are needed.

Methods
We assessed the association between oral Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and oral HPV16/18 persistence among 63 men in the HPV Infection in Men Study who tested positive for HPV16/18 at the baseline visit. Control of oral coinfections, including EBV, could serve as a biomarker of immune competence and the ability to control oral HPV.

Results
Detection of oral EBV was significantly associated with oral HPV16/18 ≥12-month persistence.

Conclusions
Detection of oral EBV deserves evaluation as a biomarker for oral HPV persistence and HPV-related OPC.
Impact of Oxidative Stress on Risk of Death and Readmission in African Children With Severe Malaria: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Blatt Daniel B , Hanisch Benjamin , Co Katrina , Datta Dibyadyuti , Bond Caitlin , Opoka Robert O , Cusick Sarah E , Michelow Ian C , John Chandy C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
We hypothesized that oxidative stress in Ugandan children with severe malaria is associated with mortality.

Methods
We evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress in children with cerebral malaria (CM, n = 77) or severe malarial anemia (SMA, n = 79), who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of immediate vs delayed iron therapy, compared with community children (CC, n = 83). Associations between admission biomarkers and risk of death during hospitalization or risk of readmission within 6 months were analyzed.

Results
Nine children with CM and none with SMA died during hospitalization. Children with CM or SMA had higher levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (P &lt; .001) and lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than CC (P &lt; .02). Children with CM had a higher risk of death with increasing HO-1 concentration (odds ratio [OR], 6.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.17–31.31]; P = .03) but a lower risk of death with increasing SOD activity (OR, 0.02 [95% CI, .001–.70]; P = .03). There were no associations between oxidative stress biomarkers on admission and risk of readmission within 6 months of enrollment.

Conclusions
Children with CM or SMA develop oxidative stress in response to severe malaria. Oxidative stress is associated with higher mortality in children with CM but not with SMA.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01093989.
Optimal dosing of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime for critically ill paediatric patients. Can we use microsampling?
Authors: Guerra Valero Yarmarly C , Dorofaeff Tavey , Coulthard Mark G , Sparkes Louise , Lipman Jeffrey , Wallis Steven C , Roberts Jason A , Parker Suzanne L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in critically ill paediatric patients and provide dosing recommendations. We also sought to evaluate the use of capillary microsampling to facilitate data-rich blood sampling.

Methods
Patients were recruited into a pharmacokinetic study, with cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime concentrations from plasma samples collected at 0, 0.5, 2, 4 and 6 h used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model using Pmetrics. Monte Carlo dosing simulations were tested using a range of estimated glomerular filtration rates (60, 100, 170 and 200 mL/min/1.73 m2) and body weights (4, 10, 15, 20 and 40 kg) to achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets, including 100% ƒT&gt;MIC with an MIC breakpoint of 1 mg/L.

Results
Thirty-six patients (0.2–12 years) provided 160 conventional samples for inclusion in the model. The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime were best described using one-compartmental model with first-order elimination. The clearance and volume of distribution for cefotaxime were 12.8 L/h and 39.4 L, respectively. The clearance for desacetylcefotaxime was 10.5 L/h. Standard dosing of 50 mg/kg q6h was only able to achieve the PK/PD target of 100% ƒT&gt;MIC in patients &gt;10 kg and with impaired renal function or patients of 40 kg with normal renal function.

Conclusions
Dosing recommendations support the use of extended or continuous infusion to achieve cefotaxime exposure suitable for bacterial killing in critically ill paediatric patients, including those with severe or deep-seated infection. An external validation of capillary microsampling demonstrated skin-prick sampling can facilitate data-rich pharmacokinetic studies.
Acute kidney injury in cystic fibrosis patients treated with intravenous colistimethate sodium or tobramycin
Authors: Lipp Madeline A , Crass Ryan L , Fitzgerald Linda J , Patel Twisha S , Simon Richard H , Lenhan Blair E , Han MeiLan K , Jia Shijing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Colistimethate sodium and tobramycin are important systemic antibiotics for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary exacerbations but can induce acute kidney injury (AKI). We characterize the rate of AKI in CF patients treated with systemic colistimethate sodium compared with tobramycin.

Methods
This single-centre, retrospective cohort study included hospitalized CF patients treated with IV colistimethate sodium or tobramycin. The primary outcome was AKI defined using the RIFLE criteria. Multivariate logistic regression using a mixed model was performed to identify variables that were independently associated with AKI.

Results
Overall, 156 patients representing 507 care encounters were included. The OR of AKI was not increased with IV colistimethate sodium relative to IV tobramycin after adjusting for other potential predictor variables (aOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.16–6.03). The frequency of AKI was 9.5% across all encounters, 6.9% with IV colistimethate sodium and 9.9% with IV tobramycin, with RIFLE category R (risk) being the most common stage, accounting for 4.2% of encounters with IV colistimethate sodium and 9.2% with IV tobramycin. The concomitant use of another nephrotoxin (aOR 2.51; 95% CI 1.27–4.95) or the combination of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam (aOR 5.95; 95% CI 2.05–17.3) were both associated with increased odds of AKI.

Conclusions
Systemic treatment with colistimethate sodium or tobramycin in the CF patient population is associated with a similar rate of nephrotoxicity. However, clinicians should be mindful of the increased risk for AKI in patients treated with either IV colistimethate sodium or IV tobramycin when used concurrently with other nephrotoxic agents, particularly the combination of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam.