bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wellbeing in Secondary Education (WISE) Study to Improve the Mental Health and Wellbeing of Teachers: A Complex System Approach to Understanding Intervention Acceptability
Authors: Evans Rhiannon , Bell Sarah , Brockman Rowan , Campbell Rona , Copeland Lauren , Fisher Harriet , Ford Tamsin , Harding Sarah , Powell Jillian , Turner Nicholas , Kidger Judi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTeaching staff report poorer mental health and wellbeing than the general working population. Intervention to address this issue is imperative, as poor wellbeing is associated with burnout, presenteeism, and adverse student mental health outcomes. The Wellbeing in Secondary Education (WISE) intervention is a secondary school-based programme aimed at improving the mental health and wellbeing of teachers and students. There are three components: awareness-raising for staff; a peer support service delivered by staff trained in Mental Health First Aid (MHFA); and Schools and Colleges Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training for teachers. A cluster randomised controlled trial with integrated process and economic evaluation was conducted with 25 secondary schools in the UK (2016–2018). The intervention was largely ineffective in improving teacher mental health and wellbeing. This paper reports process evaluation data on acceptability to help understand this outcome. It adopts a complex systems perspective, exploring how acceptability is a dynamic and contextually contingent concept. Data sources were as follows: interviews with funders (n = 3); interviews with MHFA trainers (n = 6); focus groups with peer supporters (n = 8); interviews with headteachers (n = 12); and focus groups with teachers trained in Schools and Colleges MHFA (n = 7). Results indicated that WISE intervention components were largely acceptable. Initially, the school system was responsive, as it had reached a ‘tipping point’ and was prepared to address teacher mental health. However, as the intervention interacted with the complexities of the school context, acceptability became more ambiguous. The intervention was seen to be largely inadequate in addressing the structural determinants of teacher mental health and wellbeing (e.g. complex student and staff needs, workload, and system culture). Future teacher mental health interventions need to focus on coupling skills training and support with whole school elements that tackle the systemic drivers of the problem.
Diversity and interdisciplinarity: Should variety, balance and disparity be combined as a product or better as a sum? An information-theoretical and statistical estimation approach
Authors: Mutz Rüdiger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiversity is a central concept not only in ecology, but also in the social sciences and in bibliometrics. The discussion about an adequate measure of diversity is strongly driven by the work of Rao (Sankhyā Indian J Stat Series A 44:1-22, 1982) and Stirling (J R Soc Interface 4:707-719, 2007). It is to the credit of Leydesdorff (Scientometr 116:2113-2121, 2018) to have proposed a decisive improvement with regard to an inconsistency in the Rao-Sterling-diversity indicator that Rousseau (Scientometr 116:645-653, 2018) had pointed out. With recourse to Shannon's probabilistically based entropy concept, in this contribution the three components of diversity “variety”, “balance”, and “disparity” are to be reconceptualized as entropy masses that add up to an overall diversity indicator dive. Diversity can thus be interpreted as the degree of uncertainty or unpredictability. For "disparity", for example, the concept of mutual information is used. However, probabilities must be estimated statistically. A basic estimation strategy (cross tables) and a more sophisticated one (parametric statistical model) are presented. This overall probability-theoretical based concept is applied exemplarily to data on research output types of funded research projects in UK that were the subject of the Metric Tide Report (REF 2014) and ex-ante evaluation data of a research funding organization. As expected, research output types depend on the research area, with journal articles having the strongest individual balance among the output types, i.e., being represented in almost all research areas. For the ex-ante evaluation data of 1,221 funded projects the diversity components were statistically estimated. The overall diversity of the projects in terms of entropy is 55.5% of the maximal possible entropy.
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with cognitive impairment in minor ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhu Ruo-lin , Ouyang Chao , Ma Ruo-lin , Wang Kai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly seen in stroke patients, and its relationship with cognitive impairment remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the roles of OSA in cognition impairment in patients with minor ischemic stroke.

Methods
Patients with minor ischemic stroke were consecutively enrolled from January 2020 to May 2021. Every patient underwent polysomnography (PSG) to assess for OSA. Based on the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), patients were grouped into the no OSA (AHI < 5), mild OSA (5 ≤ AHI < 15), and moderate-to-severe OSA (MS OSA, AHI ≥ 15) groups. Neuropsychological assessments were performed to evaluate cognitive function, and the correlations between cognitive function and OSA were investigated.

Results
Of 94 patients, 35 had no OSA, 32 had mild OSA, and 27 had moderate-to-severe OSA. Compared to the no or mild OSA groups, the moderate-to-severe OSA group performed worse on the Chinese version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (CAVLT)-Recognition (p < 0.001), Digital Span Test (DST)-Backward (p < 0.001), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) (p < 0.001), and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT)-Interference (p < 0.001). The severity of cognitive impairment was assessed using the MoCA, which was negatively related to the AHI (p = 0.041) and lowest SpO2 (p = 0.048).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that OSA has significant effects on cognition impairment in patients with minor ischemic stroke and that hypoxemia may be a potential pathophysiological mechanism of OSA-induced cognitive impairment.
Weak Selection and the Separation of Eco-evo Time Scales using Perturbation Analysis
Authors: Gerlee Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe show that under the assumption of weak frequency-dependent selection a wide class of population dynamical models can be analysed using perturbation theory. The inner solution corresponds to the ecological dynamics, where to zeroth order, the genotype frequencies remain constant. The outer solution provides the evolutionary dynamics and corresponds, to zeroth order, to a generalisation of the replicator equation. We apply this method to a model of public goods dynamics and construct, using matched asymptotic expansions, a composite solution valid for all times. We also analyse a Lotka–Volterra model of predator competition and show that to zeroth order the fraction of wild-type predators follows a replicator equation with a constant selection coefficient given by the predator death rate. For both models, we investigate how the error between approximate solutions and the solution to the full model depend on the order of the approximation and show using numerical comparison, for $$k=1$$

k
=
1

and 2, that the error scales according to $$\varepsilon ^{k+1}$$

ε

k
+
1

, where $$\varepsilon $$
ε
is the strength of selection and k is the order of the approximation.
Prognostic Utility of the Ki-67 Labeling Index in Follicular Thyroid Tumors: a 20-Year Experience from a Tertiary Thyroid Center
Authors: Hellgren L. Samuel , Stenman Adam , Paulsson Johan O. , Höög Anders , Larsson Catharina , Zedenius Jan , Juhlin C. Christofer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollicular thyroid tumors pose a diagnostic challenge on the preoperative level, as the discrimination between follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and adenoma (FTA) demands careful histopathological investigation. Moreover, prognostication of FTCs is mostly based on tumor size and extent of invasive properties, while immunohistochemical markers pinpointing high-risk cases are lacking. We have routinely established a Ki-67 labeling index for follicular thyroid tumors since 1999. To assess the potential value of Ki-67 as an adjunct tool to (1) correctly separate FTCs from FTAs and (2) help identify poor-prognosis FTCs, we collected histopathological and clinical data from 818 follicular thyroid tumors with a histological Ki-67 labeling index established in clinical routine practice (516 FTAs, 252 FTCs, and 50 follicular thyroid tumors of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMPs)). The Ki-67 labeling index was higher in FTCs (mean 5.8%) than in FTAs (mean 2.6%) (P < 0.001), and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cut-off value of 4% to separate FTC from FTA with a sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 83%, respectively. Similarly, a Ki-67 labeling index above 4% was found to identify FTCs that later metastasized from clinically indolent FTCs with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 48%, respectively. Ki-67 constituted an independent predictor of future FTC metastases/recurrence and death of disease, and a value > 4% was a reliable prognostic marker within individual pT staging groups. We conclude that Ki-67 is a potentially valuable marker for the prognostication of FTCs, and future implementation in the histopathological assessments of follicular thyroid tumors could be beneficial if reproduced in international series.
Biofluid Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease: Progress, Problems, and Perspectives
Authors: Huang Shan , Wang Yan-Jiang , Guo Junhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the establishment of the biomarker-based A-T-N (Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration) framework in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the diagnosis of AD has become more precise, and cerebrospinal fluid tests and positron emission tomography examinations based on this framework have become widely accepted. However, the A-T-N framework does not encompass the whole spectrum of AD pathologies, and problems with invasiveness and high cost limit the application of the above diagnostic methods aimed at the central nervous system. Therefore, we suggest the addition of an “X” to the A-T-N framework and a focus on peripheral biomarkers in the diagnosis of AD. In this review, we retrospectively describe the recent progress in biomarkers based on the A-T-N-X framework, analyze the problems, and present our perspectives on the diagnosis of AD.
Interpersonal and Collective Affective Niche Construction: Empirical and Normative Perspectives on Social Media
Authors: Nagatsu Michiru , Salmela Mikko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper contributes to the interdisciplinary theory of collective affective niche construction, which extends the extended mind (ExM) thesis from cognitive to affective phenomena. Although theoretically innovative, the theory lacks a detailed psychological account of how collective affectivity is scaffolded. It has also been criticized for its uncritical assumption of the subject qua the autonomous user of the affective scaffolding as disposable resources, abstracting away from embedded subjectivity in particular techno-political arrangements. We propose that the social motivation hypothesis, an account grounded in recent empirical and theoretical developments in psychology as well as in the classic theory of moral sentiments, will address the former criticism by explicating the basic mechanisms of human social orientation at work in collective affective niche construction. We also begin to address the latter normative criticism in mobilizing a so-called we-mode approach to collective emotion. To make these theoretical dialectics salient, we study social media as a case of collective affective niches, focusing on the impact on subjective well-being. Finally, we briefly identify promising future directions in building a normative theory of affective niche construction on the collective level.
Equidistribution of zeros of some polynomials related to cyclic functions
Authors: Acuaviva Antonio , Seco Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the study of the cyclicity of a functionfin reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces an important role is played by sequences of polynomials$$\{p_n\}_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$${pn}n∈Ncalledoptimal polynomial approximants(o.p.a.). For many such spaces and when the functionsfgenerating those o.p.a. are polynomials without zeros inside the disk but with some zeros on its boundary, we find that the weakly asympotic distribution of the zeros of$$1-p_nf$$1-pnfis the uniform measure on the unit circle.
Mechanisms and Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis
Authors: Rossi Margherita , Vannuccini Silvia , Capezzuoli Tommaso , Fambrini Massimiliano , Vannuzzi Valentina , Donati Chiara , Petraglia Felice 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of all the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. It will summarize recent advances in the field, discussing current controversies, and considering potential future directions.

Recent Findings
Adenomyosis pathogenesis is still a topic under investigation, however advancements in the understanding of disease development and mechanisms have been made. New data coming from new next generation sequencing-based studies and more-in-depth acquisitions on sex hormones imbalance, neuroangiogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis and cell proliferation have been obtained.

Summary
Adenomyosis is a uterine disorder that affects women of reproductive age, characterized by a benign invasion of the endometrium basalis (glands and stroma) within the myometrium.
So far, three theories for the pathophysiology of adenomyosis have been proposed:

An invagination of the endometrial basalis into the myometrium by tissue injury and repair.

The development from adult stem cells or displaced embryonic müllerian remnants.

An “invasion from outside to inside”.

In order to invade and develop, endometrial cells require a series of pathogenetic mechanisms which drive to adenomyosis. Altered sex steroids hormones receptors may be the primary event which causes increased endometrial cell proliferations and differentiation from epithelial to mesenchymal cells. Once invaded the myometrium, an inflammatory reaction is displayed, probably driven by local immune changes. The processes of neuroangiogenesis and fibrosis are also involved in the adenomyosis development and may explain some of the associated clinical symptoms (dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility).
On dynamic analysis method for large-scale train–track–substructure interaction
Authors: Xu Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTrain–track–substructure dynamic interaction is an extension of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. It contributes to evaluate dynamic interaction and performance between train–track system and its substructures. For the first time, this work devotes to presenting engineering practical methods for modeling and solving such large-scale train–track–substructure interaction systems from a unified viewpoint. In this study, a train consists of several multi-rigid-body vehicles, and the track is modeled by various finite elements. The track length needs only satisfy the length of a train plus boundary length at two sides, despite how long the train moves on the track. The substructures and their interaction matrices to the upper track are established as independent modules, with no need for additionally building the track structures above substructures, and accordingly saving computational cost. Track–substructure local coordinates are defined to assist the confirming of the overlapped portions between the train–track system and the substructural system to effectively combine the cyclic calculation and iterative solution procedures. The advancement of this model lies in its convenience, efficiency and accuracy in continuously considering the vibration participation of multi-types of substructures against the moving of a train on the track. Numerical examples have shown the effectiveness of this method; besides, influence of substructures on train–track dynamic behaviors is illustrated accompanied by clarifying excitation difference of different track irregularity spectrums.
Rolle des Vorwissens beim Lernen mit externalen Repräsentationen
Authors: Erlebach Ralf , Frank Carolin 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Arbeit mit externalen Repräsentationen stellt für Lernende eine ernstzunehmende Herausforderung dar. Empirische Befunde zu den verschiedenen Interventionsmöglichkeiten auf der Grundlage von Material- und Instruktionsdesign bzw. metakognitiver Strategien im Hinblick auf unterschiedliche Eingangsvoraussetzungen zeichnen jedoch kein einheitliches Bild von der Lernförderlichkeit. Daher wird eine eingehende Betrachtung der Rezeptionsprozesse unter Zuhilfenahme des Integrierten Modells für Text-Bild-Verstehen (ITPC) vorgenommen mit Fokus auf die kognitiven Anforderungen, die während des Bearbeitungsprozesses an die Lernenden gestellt werden. Aus einem anschließenden systematischen Literaturreview zu den empirischen Befunden zum Einfluss unterschiedlicher Arten des Vorwissens auf das Verstehen wird ein Framework zur Untersuchung dieser kognitiven Anforderungen entwickelt. Abschließend werden Implikationen für die Planung und Einbindung externaler Repräsentationen in den unterrichtlichen Lernprozess in Kürze dargestellt.
Mainstream encoding–decoding methods of DNA data storage
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Ma Guannan , Wei Di , Zhang Xinru , Wang Peihan , Li Cuidan , Xing Jing , Wei Zheng , Duan Bo , Yang Dongxin , Wang Pei , Bu Dongbo , Chen Fei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDNA storage is a new digital data storage technology based on specific encoding and decoding methods between 0 and 1 binary codes of digital data and A-T-C-G quaternary codes of DNAs, which and is expected to develop into a major data storage form in the future due to its advantages (such as high data density, long storage time, low energy consumption, convenience for carrying, concealed transportation and multiple encryptions). In this review, we mainly summarize the recent research advances of four main encoding and decoding methods of DNA storage technology: direct mapping method between 0 and 1 binary and A-T-C-G quaternary codes in early-stage, fountain code for higher logical storage density, inner and outer codes for random access DNA storage data, and CRISPR mediated in vivo DNA storage method. The first three encoding/decoding methods belong to in vitro DNA storage, representing the mainstream research and application in DNA storage. Their advantages and disadvantages are also reviewed: direct mapping method is easy and efficient, but has high error rate and low logical density; fountain code can achieve higher storage density without random access; inner and outer code has error-correction design to realize random access at the expense of logic density. This review provides important references and improved understanding of DNA storage methods. Development of efficient and accurate DNA storage encoding and decoding methods will play a very important and even decisive role in the transition of DNA storage from the laboratory to practical application, which may fundamentally change the information industry in the future.
Verifying Experimental Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Hindcasts Across the United States
Authors: Ahn Yoonjung , Uejio Christopher K. , Rennie Jared , Schmit Lisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHot and humid heat exposures challenge the health of outdoor workers engaged in occupations such as construction, agriculture, first response, manufacturing, military, or resource extraction. Therefore, government institutes developed guidelines to prevent heat‐related illnesses and death during high heat exposures. The guidelines use Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), which integrates temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed. However, occupational heat exposure guidelines cannot be readily applied to outdoor work places due to limited WBGT validation studies. In recent years, institutions have started providing experimental WBGT forecasts. These experimental products are continually being refined and have been minimally validated with ground‐based observations. This study evaluated a modified WBGT hindcast using the historical National Digital Forecast Database and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5. We verified the hindcasts with hourly WBGT estimated from ground‐based weather observations. After controlling for geographic attributes and temporal trends, the average difference between the hindcast and in situ data varied from −0.64°C to 1.46°C for different Köppen‐Geiger climate regions, and the average differences are reliable for decision making. However, the results showed statistically significant variances according to geographical features such as aspect, coastal proximity, land use, topographic position index, and Köppen‐Geiger climate categories. The largest absolute difference was observed in the arid desert climates (1.46: 95% CI: 1.45, 1.47), including some parts of Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. This research investigates geographic factors associated with systematic WBGT differences and points toward ways future forecasts may be statistically adjusted to improve accuracy.
Local Air‐Sea Interactions at Ocean Mesoscale and Submesoscale in a Western Boundary Current
Authors: Strobach Ehud , Klein Patrice , Molod Andrea , Fahad Abdullah A. , Trayanov Atanas , Menemenlis Dimitris , Torres Hector 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present results from a new, global, high‐resolution (∼3‐km for ocean and ∼6‐km for atmosphere) realistic earth system simulation. This simulation allows us to examine aspects of small‐scale air‐sea interaction beyond what previous studies have reported. Our study focuses on recurring intermittent wind events in the Gulf Stream region. These events induce local air‐sea heat fluxes above Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies with horizontal scales smaller than 500‐km. In particular, strong latent heat bursts above warm SST anomalies are observed during these wind events. We show that such wind events are associated with a secondary circulation that acts to fuel the latent heat bursts by transferring dry air and momentum down to the surface. The intensity of this secondary circulation is related to the strength of small‐scale SST fronts that border SST anomalies. The study of such phenomena requires high‐resolution in both the atmospheric and oceanic components of the model.
A Change in Climate State During a Pre‐Industrial Simulation of the CMIP6 Model HadGEM3 Driven by Deep Ocean Drift
Authors: Ridley J. K. , Blockley E. W. , Jones G. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Pre‐Industrial climate model simulation is intended as an equilibrium control experiment that uses constant external forcing, yet in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model HadGEM3‐GC31‐LL a distinct change in climate state occurs around year 500 of the 2000 year simulation. The global mean near surface air temperature increases by almost 0.5 K associated with a reduction in southern hemisphere sea ice area of almost 20%. Here we show this step change in the state of the climate to be a consequence of the onset of deep convection in the Weddell and Ross Sea gyres. The delayed onset of convection in the gyres is a consequence of a positive, downward, top‐of‐atmosphere radiative balance, and continual ocean heat up‐take during the model spin‐up and the initial pre‐industrial control simulation. Consequently, model spin‐up strategy should be revised to initialize pre‐industrial simulations that are in energy balance.