bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should responder analyses be conducted on continuous outcomes?
Authors: Abugov Robert , Clark Jennifer , Higginbotham Laura , Li Feng , Nie Lei , Reasner David , Rothmann Mark , Yuan Xin , Sharretts John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContinuous outcomes are often dichotomized to classify trial subjects as responders or nonresponders, with the difference in rates of response between treatment and control defined as the “responder effect.” In this article, we caution that dichotomization of continuous interval outcomes may not be best practice. Defining clinical benefit or harm for continuous interval outcomes as the difference between the means of treatment and control, that is, the “continuous treatment effect,” we examine the case where treatment and control outcomes are normally distributed and differ only in location. For this case, continuous treatment effects may be considered clinically relevant if they exceed a prespecified minimum clinically important difference. In contrast, using minimum clinically important differences as dichotomization thresholds will not ensure clinically relevant responder effects. For example, in some situations, increasing the threshold may actually relax the criterion for effectiveness by increasing the calculated responder effect. Using responder effects to quantitatively assess benefit or risk of investigational drugs for continuous interval outcomes presents interpretational challenges. In particular, when the dichotomization threshold is halfway between the treatment and control outcome means, the responder effect is at a maximum with a magnitude monotonically related to the number of standard deviations between the mean outcomes of treatment and control. Large responder effect benefits may therefore reflect clinically unimportant continuous treatment effects amplified by small standard deviations, and small responder effect risks may reflect either clinically important continuous treatment effects minimized by large standard deviations, or selection of a dichotomization threshold not providing maximum responder effect.
Methodology selecting packaging materials combined multi‐sensory experience and fuzzy three‐stage network DEA model
Authors: Xie Yong , Chen Nanning , Hua Guangjun , Xiao Yingzhe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaterials selection involves thousands of material types and evaluation parameters. Considering multisensory experience for packaging materials selection is an important trend but a difficult duty that involves uncertainty due to the subjectivity of humans. The main aim of this study is to establish a model to determine the consumer sensory experience of packaging materials as a function supporting packaging material selection development. When the consumer interacts before and after opening the packaging, vision and tactility are the foremost sensory feedback types, which are difficult to measure for fuzziness and uncertainty. Thus, given the consumer senses of vision and tactility, this paper addresses the relationship between sensory experience and packaging material properties. This is creatively formulated in three stages from the physical properties and the psycho‐physical to the affective levels. The proposed approach that combines fuzzy theory and three‐stage network data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to rank 12 toning lotion bottle packaging materials. It is validated that this model allows a clear decision‐making basis for material selection in packaging design, and physiological signal tests provided key data to support material selection. Moreover, it realized the function of predicting physiological signal according to material properties by backpropagation neural network (BPNN).
The global impact of financial development on renewable energy in a panel structural vector autoregression analysis
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Xu Zeshui , Qin Yong , Skare Marinko 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFinancial development is likely to benefit the use of renewable energies, particularly those lacking environmental conditions and significant external capital. However, the impact of financial development on alternative renewable energy sources has yet to be documented in different income‐level countries. Using a unique panel data set of 62 countries with three income levels for the 2000–2019 period, we investigate how financial development impacts renewable energy on a global scale by using a panel structural vector autoregression analysis (PSVAR). Our empirical findings indicate that financial development significantly affects renewable energy installment and consumption, while FDI takes a negative impact on SOL sources. We further find that wind energy source to financial development shock exhibits a higher impact in high‐income countries. Our findings provide new insights concerning renewable energy in different countries using the PSVAR model, which may inspire scholars interested in this research field.
Multifunctional Folic acid‐coated and Doxorubicin Encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites (FA/DOX@Silica) for Cancer Therapeutics, Bioimaging and invitro Studies
Authors: Kumar Hemant , Kumar Jitender , Pani Balaram , Kumar Pramod 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCancer is a cluster of diseases, which caused by the mutation in cells and it has the potential to cover any part of the body. The whole world is vigorously struggling to find a safe approach to cure the cancer. The classical chemotherapy approach involves the use of chemotherapeutic agents to kill cancer cells. The major disadvantage of therapy is less in vivo stability and negatively affects the healthy cells. Nowadays, the targeted drug delivery techniques has gained lots of interest, because of the efficient drug release at the cancerous sites. Herein, we have synthesized Folic acid (FA) coated and Doxorubicin drug (Dox) encapsulated mesoporous silica nanocomposites (FA/Dox@Silica)for targeted delivery of DOX and bioimaging. Encapsulation of Dox was done to make it more stable in the cell atmosphere and for its controlled release. The coating of FA makes these nanocomposites makes them an vehical for chemically targeted delivey of DOX, as it was already confirmed by several studies that there are folate receptors present over cancer cells and these reseptors are responsive towards the FA Thus these nanocomposites can be easily recognized by the cancer cells and they can efficiently deliver drugs. The shape, size, morphology, crystallinity, porosity, and fictionalizations were analyzed by using several characterization techniques such as DLS, TEM, and FTIR. The drug loading was confirmed qualitatively by using optical spectroscopic techniques. The drug release pattern was studiedfor the 15 days which showed the sustained and regulated release of drug from the mesoporous silica nanocomposites. Cellular uptake was observed by cell staining assay confirmed the fair uptake of nanoparticles.
Synthesis of Chromone‐Spiroindolinone‐Cyclopentene Derivatives through Phosphine‐Catalyzed (3+2) Annulation of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates with Oxindole‐Chromones
Authors: Wang Bo , Hu Yimin , Guo Hongchao , Tao Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVarious multifunctional chromone‐spiroindolinone‐cyclopentene derivatives were synthesized through a phosphine‐catalyzed (3+2) annulation of Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) carbonates with oxindole‐chromones in generally high yields with good to excellent diastereoselectivities. The synthetic method has several advantages such as mild reaction conditions, wide substrate scope, high yields and good stereoselectivity. The gram‐scale reaction indicated the synthetic method could be a practical tool for synthesis of spirocyclic compounds and will find a nice application in the synthesis of diverse biologically important compounds.
Construction of Different Cyanine Dye Supramolecular Aggregates Induced by Rare Earth Ions
Authors: Ma Xiaoying , Shi Lei , Fu Yao , Zhang Buyue , Zhang Xiufeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the assembly of cyanine dye supramolecular aggregates has been a very important task because its photophysical and photochemical properties are widely used in many scientific fields, such as, materials, biomedical and industrial. In this work, H‐ and J‐aggregates of cyanine dyes were constructed under controllable conditions, and a simple method was developed to achieve cycle induction around these aggregates which induced by rare earth ions, and the process can be repeated for many cycles. Assembly and circulation induce these aggregates to be easy to manipulate and identify, which can be directly observed with the naked eye. This simple supramolecular assembly provides another direction in the field of sensors, while bringing a new idea to the control of supramolecular aggregates.
Optimization of Zinc and Germanium Recovery Process from Zinc Oxide Dust by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Xia Hongying , Zhang Qi , Cai Wuchen , Jiang Guiyu , Zhang Libo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on the problems existing in the existing process, the ultrasonic field enhanced potassium dichromate atmospheric leaching of zinc and germanium in zinc oxide dust was studied, and three main factors (liquid‐solid ratio, leaching temperature and potassium dichromate concentration) were optimized by the Box‐Behnken design (BBD) model. XRD, ICP‐OES, EPMA and SEM results show that the occurrence state of Ge is highly correlated with ZnS. Promoting the dissolution of ZnS is the basis for improving the leaching rates of Zn and Ge. Finally, under the conditions of liquid‐solid ratio of 7 mL/g, leaching temperature of 90 °C and potassium dichromate concentration of 19.16 g/L, the leaching rates of zinc and germanium were 99.968 % and 90.395 %, respectively. The error between the prediction results of the quadratic model and the experimental results is small, and the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.99, indicating that the model is credible.
Construction of a Magnetic γ‐Fe2O3/h‐BN Composite for Tetracycline Degradation by Visible‐Light‐Initiated Peroxydisulfate
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Xiqing , Liao Runhua , Zhan Hongquan , Wang Yongqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeveloping a novel and highly efficient catalytic oxidation system for environmental protection was an important task. In this work, inspired by the photocatalytic system and peroxydisulfate (PDS) system, the magnetic γ‐Fe2O3/h‐BN composite was designed for synergetic catalytic. The tetracycline was selected to study the degradation activity of all‐obtained samples. Among, the sample with a weight ratio of 7 % has the optimum catalytic performance. The enhanced catalytic performance was attributed to the separation of electron‐hole pairs and contact with pollutant of γ‐Fe2O3/h‐BN composite. Under visible‐light illumination, the γ‐Fe2O3/h‐BN composite could generate superoxide free radicals (O2.−)) and holes (h+) to decompose pollutant, while the addition of PDS, the PDS would excite to generate hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4.−) for further degrading pollutant. Under optimal condition, the degradation rate reached 90 % within 90 min. In addition, the investigation of tetracycline (TC) degradation under different experimental conditions (pH, catalyst dosage, PDS concentration, various salt) was conducted. This study provided a novel synergetic catalytic system for wastewater treatment.
The Experimental Design Approach in Square‐Wave Voltammetric Determination of Tamoxifen by NiO‐CPE**
Authors: Raeisi‐Kheirabadi Neda , Nezamzadeh‐Ejhieh Alireza 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the explosive global increase of various cancers, the need to introduce/develop novel catalysts/sensors for quantitative determination of cancer drugs is emphasized. Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO‐NPs) calcined at 200 °C were used as a modifier of carbon paste electrode (CPE) to quantify tamoxifen (TAM) in an aqueous solution. The square wave voltammetry (SqW) was used due to its high sensitivity. The modified NiO‐CPE showed an SqW anodic peak current with a peak potential of about 420 mV in the NaOH‐supporting electrolyte. This peak current was decreased when TAM analyte was added to the test solution. Thus, this reduced peak current (Δi) was used to quantify TAM in solution. The experimental design used the response surface methodology (RSM) approach to study the simultaneous interaction effects between the influencing variables. The optimized run was associated with a 10 % NiO ingredient in the CPE, 0.3 M NaOH, an amplitude of 200 mV, a step potential of 3 mV, and a frequency of 25 Hz. A proportional behavior was obtained between the mentioned Δi and TAM concentration in the range of 10–60 nM. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were 1.81±0.35 and 6.05±0.24 nM, respectively. Interfering and recovery results confirmed the applicability of the proposed NiO‐CPE electrode for TAM determination in complex matrixes and the direct assay of the drug in human serum.
Defect‐Rich Single Atom Catalyst Enhanced Polysulfide Conversion Kinetics to Upgrade Performance of Li–S Batteries
Authors: Jing Weitao , Tan Qiang , Duan Yue , Zou Kunyang , Dai Xin , Song Yuanyuan , Shi Ming , Sun Junjie , Chen Yuanzhen , Liu Yongning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted considerable attention owing to their extremely high energy densities. However, the application of Li–S batteries has been limited by low sulfur utilization, poor cycle stability, and low rate capability. Accelerating the rapid transformation of polysulfides is an effective approach for addressing these obstacles. In this study, a defect‐rich single‐atom catalytic material (Fe‐N4/DCS) is designed. The abundantly defective environment is favorable for the uniform dispersion and stable existence of single‐atom Fe, which not only improves the utilization of single‐atom Fe but also efficiently adsorbs polysulfides and catalyzes the rapid transformation of polysulfides. To fully exploit the catalytic activity, catalytic materials are used to modify the routine separator (Fe‐N4/DCS/PP). Density functional theory and in situ Raman spectroscopy are used to demonstrate that Fe‐N4/DCS can effectively inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides and accelerate the redox reaction. Consequently, the Li–S battery with the modified separator achieves an ultralong cycle life (a capacity decay rate of only 0.03% per cycle at a current of 2 C after 800 cycles), and an excellent rate capability (894 mAh g−1 at 3 C). Even at a high sulfur loading of 5.51 mg cm−2 at 0.2 C, the reversible areal capacity still reaches 5.4 mAh cm−2.
Promoting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CH4 by Copper Porphyrin with Donor–Acceptor Structures
Authors: Yu Pinger , Lv Ximeng , Wang Qihao , Huang Haoliang , Weng Weijun , Peng Chen , Zhang Linjuan , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMolecular catalysts have been receiving increasingly attention in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with attractive features such as precise catalytic sites and tunable ligands. However, the insufficient activity and low selectivity of deep reduction products restrain the utilization of molecular catalysts in CO2RR. Herein, a donor–acceptor modified Cu porphyrin (CuTAPP) is developed, in which amino groups are linked to donate electrons toward the central CuN4 site to enhance the CO2RR activity. The CuTAPP catalyst exhibited an excellent CO2‐to‐CH4 electroreduction performance, including a high CH4 partial current density of 290.5 mA cm−2 and a corresponding Faradaic efficiency of 54.8% at –1.63 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in flow cells. Density functional theory calculations indicated that CuTAPP presented a much lower energy gap in the pathway of producing *CHO than Cu porphyrin without amino group modification. This work suggests a useful strategy of introducing designed donor–acceptor structures into molecular catalysts for enhancing electrochemical CO2 conversion toward deep reduction products.
Security risks of global software development life cycle: Industry practitioner's perspective
Authors: Khan Rafiq Ahmad , Khan Siffat Ullah , Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Alzahrani Musaad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoftware security has become increasingly important because the malicious attack and other hacker risks of a computer system have grown popularity in the last few years. As a result, several researchers have examined security solutions as early as the requirement engineering phase. With the growth of the software business and the internet, there is a need to understand the security risks against each phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC). This study aims to empirically investigate and prioritize the risks that could negatively impact the software security aspects of SDLC in the context of global software development (GSD). To achieve the study objectives, we conducted an industrial empirical study to determine the impact of software security threats against each phase of SDLC. Furthermore, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to prioritize the list of software security risks against the SDLC. The results and analysis of this study provide a ranked‐based decision‐making framework, which assists the practitioners in considering the most critical security risks on priority. The results show “improper plan for secure requirement identification, inception, authentication, authorization, and privacy,” “lack of threat models updating,” “lack of output validation,” “lack of certification in the final release and archive,” and “spoofing” as the top‐ranked security risks of SDLC in GSD. In addition, the application of FAHP is novel in this domain as it is helpful to address multicriteria decision‐making problems.
Partial intravenous anaesthesia and opioid‐sparing analgesia in a dog undergoing surgical management of insulinoma
Authors: Gavet Morgane , Conde Ruiz Clara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 4.5‐year‐old dog was anaesthetised to undergo a partial pancreatectomy for insulinoma removal, an insulin‐secreting pancreatic tumour causing hypoglycaemia. The patient was premedicated with dexmedetomidine (2 μg/kg) and maropitant (1 mg/kg) intravenously. Anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (0.5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously and maintained with a dexmedetomidine constant‐rate infusion of 1 μg/kg/h and isoflurane in 70% oxygen. A bilateral transversus abdominis plane block was performed with ropivacaine (0.3% 1 ml/kg) divided into four points. Additional intraoperative analgesia included ketamine, fentanyl and methadone intravenously. Lactated Ringer's solution was administered, and glucose supplementation was adjusted based on glycaemia. Postoperatively, the patient was comfortable and required no analgesia for the 48‐hour hospitalisation period, but presented mild hyperglycaemia. This case reports the successful management of an insulinoma with a dexmedetomidine constant‐rate infusion and opioid‐sparing multimodal analgesia.
Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications
Authors: de la Mata Francisco Javier , Gómez Rafael , Cano Jesús , Sánchez‐Nieves Javier , Ortega Paula , Gallego Sandra García 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well‐defined size and structure due to the step‐by‐step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon–carbon and carbon–silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Portfoliobasiertes Lernen in der Chirurgie
Authors: Herbstreit S. , Hille L. , Rademacher F. , Burggraf M. , Mester B. , Dudda M. 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Durch eine zunehmende Kompetenzorientierung des Medizinstudiums und der Weiterbildung werden chirurgische Currikula vielerorts angepasst. Diese sollten, neben chirurgischem Wissen und praktischen Fertigkeiten, auch Kompetenzen zu Differenzialdiagnostik und -therapie vermitteln. Die Vermittlung chirurgischen Wissens durch Vorlesungen und Seminare und der Nachweis praktischer Fertigkeiten, z. B. mithilfe des Einsatzes von Logbüchern im Blockpraktikum (BP) Chirurgie, führt nur eingeschränkt zu einer aktiven Auseinandersetzung mit den chirurgischen Kompetenzen zu Differenzialdiagnostik und -therapie. Ein reflexionsbasiertes Portfolio kann, durch die eigenständige schriftliche Bearbeitung chirurgischer Themen eine aktive Auseinandersetzung mit den Kompetenzen ermöglichen und verspricht einen höheren Lerneffekt. Bei der Implementierung eines solchen Portfolios im Rahmen des Tätigkeitsnachweises im BP wurden die Effekte auf den Kompetenzerwerb und auf die Art und Weise des Lernens untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Mit einer Kombination aus einer quantitativen und einer qualitativen Methode („mixed methods“) haben wir den Einsatz eines Logbuchs im BP Chirurgie mit dem Einsatz eines reflexionsbasierten Portfolios verglichen. Mittels Fragebogenerhebungen vor und nach dem BP erfolgte durch die Studierenden eine Selbsteinschätzung von Kompetenzen. Im Rahmen von Fokusgruppeninterviews anhand eines Leitfadens, mit Diskussionen unter Studierenden, haben wir die unterschiedlichen Wege des Kompetenzerwerbs untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden die Prüfungs- und Evaluationsergebnisse beider Kohorten verglichen.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Der in der Selbsteinschätzung erhobene Kompetenzerwerb der Studierenden und die Prüfungs- und Evaluationsergebnisse zeigten im Vergleich beider Kohorten keinen Unterschied. Im Rahmen der Fokusgruppeninterviews konnten wir zeigen, dass in der Wahrnehmung der Studierenden chirurgische Kompetenzen mithilfe eines reflexionsbasierten Portfolio sichtbarer und damit eindeutiger gemacht werden können. Zusätzlich wurde selbstreguliertes Lernen der Studierenden gefördert, ohne dass praktische Fertigkeiten vernachlässigt wurden. Eine stärkere Supervision und Anleitung durch Mentor:innen wurde in beiden Gruppen gefordert.