bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenizando la reconciliación: reflexiones acerca de la jurisdicción aplicable a combatientes indígenas en zonas de postconflicto. Un argumento a favor de los sistemas tradicionales de justicia
Authors: Franco Novoa Noriana Marcela 
Published: September 2022

Las comunidades indígenas alrededor del mundo se enfrentan a múltiples vulnerabilidades que se exacerban en contextos de conflictos armados. Los miembros de los pueblos indígenas son golpeados por el flagelo del conflicto desde dos perspectivas. Por un lado, son víctimas de crímenes y violaciones a sus derechos humanos, mientras por el otro, la armonía comunitaria se ve afectada por individuos indígenas que por decisión o reclutamiento forzado se convierten en victimarios, afectando en muchas ocasiones a su propia comunidad. El presente artículo pretende analizar la eficacia de los sistemas jurídicos de las comunidades indígenas, para aplicar responsabilidades penales a personas indígenas que cometen crímenes que se encuentran bajo la competencia de la Corte Penal Internacional (como los crímenes de lesa humanidad y crímenes de guerra), durante conflictos armados internos. En el documento se analiza si los objetivos de aplicación efectiva de la justicia del derecho penal internacional son cumplidos al utilizarse sistemas de justicia tradicionales diferentes a las jurisdicciones nacionales e internacionales reconocidas desde las perspectivas de la justicia occidental. Para ello se analiza el marco normativo internacional que avala los sistemas consuetudinarios indígenas de justicia, se exploran diferentes nociones de justicia y responsabilidad penal de comunidades indígenas alrededor del mundo, y se estudian diversas jurisdicciones indígenas en Latinoamérica en virtud del pluralismo jurídico, realizando un especial énfasis en el caso colombiano. Luego, se analizan los objetivos de la jurisdicción penal internacional, y finalmente, se analiza la posible articulación de sistemas jurídicos indígenas en cumplimiento de los parámetros internacionales de responsabilidad penal. El artículo concluye que la justicia tradicional impartida por las comunidades indígenas puede ser compatible con las normas internacionales de responsabilidad penal, siempre y cuando se encuentren en armonía con los principios de responsabilidad adoptados por la Corte Penal Internacional, y el cumplimiento de los parámetros de derechos humanos relativos a la aplicación efectiva de la justicia y el debido proceso.
Dysregulation of SNHG16(lncRNA)-Hsa-Let-7b-5p(miRNA)-TUBB4A
(mRNA) Pathway Fuels Progression of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Yan Jia , Chen Guanghua 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
Skin cutaneous melanoma(SKCM) is the most aggressive and complex disease of all skin cancers. The molecular mechanisms of this cancer progression are not well understood.

Methods:
GEPIA online database was used to validate the differentially expressed genes, from two GEO datasets. The prognostic value was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The expression of TUBB4A in SKCM cell line was verified by RT-qPCR, and the immunohistochemistry of TUBB4A in SKCM and normal skin tissues were gained from Human Protein Atlas. Seven target prediction databases predicted potential microRNAs(miRNAs), and upstream long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) were predicted by starBase. The co-expressed gene of TUBB4A was obtained using the two online analysis sites UALCAN and starBase. These co-expressed genes were performed by enrichment analysis and immune infiltration result was obtained by the TIMER2 online database. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of TUBB4A in the SKCM group and normal skin group, and a new nomogram about TUBB4A was constructed to forecast the survival rate of SKCM patients at 1, 3, and 5 years.

Results:
Firstly, we found DLL3 and TUBB4A were significantly higher expressed in skin cutaneous melanoma compared with normal skin. Subsequently, by analyzing progress free interval(PFI), disease-specific survival(DSS), and disease-free survival(DFS), only TUBB4A was the most potent gene for inhibiting shin cutaneous melanoma progression. In gene ontology(GO)/ kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) analysis, TUBB4A may be a key role in the progression of skin cutaneous melanoma by regulating mitochondrial function and affecting cellular metabolism, possibly related to the immune infiltration of CD4+Th1 cells and NK cells. The upstream non-coding RNA(ncRNA) acts through the SNHG16-hsa-let-7b-5p-TUBB4A axis.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, we elucidated the regulatory role of the SNHG16-hsa-let-7b-5p-TUBB4A axis in the progression of skin cutaneous melanoma by modulating mitochondrial function to affect cellular metabolism. TUBB4A may be a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for skin cutaneous melanoma.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell Therapy: A New Genetically Engineered
Method of Immunotherapy for Cancer
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Singh Arun Kumar , Singh Amrita , Sundram Sonali , Mishra Sudhanshu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T) cell treatment for solid tumours faces significant challenges.
CAR T cells are unable to pass the vascular barrier in tumours due to a lack of endothelial leukocyte
adhesion molecules. The invasion, activity, and durability of CAR T cells may be hampered by
additional immunosuppressive mechanisms present in the solid tumour environment. The use of CAR
T cells to attack cancer vascular endothelial metabolic targets from within the blood may simplify the
fight against cancer. These are the principles that govern our examination of CAR T cell treatment for
tumor cells, with a specific eye toward tumour venous delivery. CAR T cells may also be designed
such that they can be readily, safely, and successfully transferred.
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Chronic Pain
Authors: Tang Yuanyuan , Du Juan , Wu Hongfeng , Wang Mengyao , Liu Sufang , Tao Feng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The intestinal homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiome and relevant metabolites is
essential for health, and its disturbance leads to various intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Recent
studies suggest that gut microbiome-derived metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are involved in
different neurological disorders (such as chronic pain). SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of
dietary fibers in the gut and contribute to multiple host processes, including gastrointestinal regulation,
cardiovascular modulation, and neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Although SCFAs have been
implicated in the modulation of chronic pain, the detailed mechanisms that underlie such roles of SCFAs
remain to be further investigated. In this review, we summarize currently available research data
regarding SCFAs as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain treatment and discuss several
possible mechanisms by which SCFAs modulate chronic pain.
Effects of β -caryophyllene, A Dietary Cannabinoid, in Animal Models of
Drug Addiction
Authors: Asth Laila , Cruz Leonardo Cardoso , Soyombo Nicholas , Rigo Pedro , Moreira Fabrício A. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in Cannabis
and other plants. BCP is currently used as a food additive, although pharmacological studies suggest
its potential therapeutic application for the treatment of certain brain disorders. The mechanisms of
action of BCP remain uncertain, possibly including full agonism at the cannabinoid CB2 receptor
(CB2R).

Objective:
The study aims to investigate BCP’s potential as a new drug for the treatment of substance
use disorders by reviewing preclinical studies with animal models.

Results:
BCP has been investigated in behavioral paradigms, including drug self-administration, conditioned
place preference, and intracranial self-stimulation; the drugs tested were cocaine, nicotine, alcohol,
and methamphetamine. Remarkably, BCP prevented or reversed behavioral changes resulting
from drug exposure. As expected, the mechanism of action entails CB2R activation, although this is
unlikely to constitute the only molecular target to explain such effects. Another potential target is the
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.

Conclusion:
Preclinical studies have reported promising results with BCP in animal models of substance
use disorders. Further research, including studies in humans, are warranted to establish its therapeutic
potential and its mechanisms of action.
Learning from the In Vitro Biological Activity Data of Current Antiviral
Medicines for the Successful Development of New Antiviral Drug
Candidates
Authors: Fontoura Murilo Barboza , Fumagalli Fernando 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Although evaluating in vitro biological activity is an important part of the drug
discovery process, few publications discuss the ideal inhibitory activity in these tests.

Objective:
To analyze the in vitro biological activity data from antiviral drugs to establish parameters that
could increase success in developing new antiviral drug candidates.

Methods:
Information from in vitro tests for each antiviral medicine was obtained from the Thomson
Reuters Integrity platform for antiviral drugs approved by FDA between 1963 and 2020 (35 years). The
inhibitory activity data was collected from three references using the same determination method, and the
values were reported as means.

Results:
82 antiviral drugs were found to treat 11 different viruses. Most of these drugs were developed to
treat HIV infections (33 of 82), followed by anti-HCV medicines (20 of 82). The anti-HIV phenotypic
activities of most HIV-approved drugs had an IC50 < 50 nM; for the anti-HCV it was verified as IC50 <
0.2 μM. Combining the data for all drugs analyzed, the antiviral phenotypic activity in most cases exhibited
an IC50 < 0.2 μM.

Conclusions:
The limited availability of antiviral drugs and in vitro activity data imposed limitations on
this study. However, it could be inferred that an antiviral drug candidate would have more success in drug
development when the IC50 was in the range of low micromolar. Ultimately, in vitro activity must be
considered in combination with other factors in drug development processes.
Recommendations for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation to Impro ve
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Related Sarcopenia: A Literature Review
Authors: Defi Irma Ruslina , Profita Jeane Claudia , Arisanti Farida , Charismawati Septiana 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is currently the most prevalent auto-immune disorder worldwide. A previous study reported the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with chronic inflammation and found a higher rate of sarcopenia in patients with SLE than in control. A preview study found that exercises management given to SLE patients can reduce fatigue and in-crease vitality

Objective:
The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between sarcopenia and SLE from Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) standpoint and its intervention.

Methods:
Using the PubMed computer-aided search engine specific keywords: “sarcopenia” AND “Systemic lupus erythematosus” OR “lupus” OR “SLE” OR “physical medicine and rehabilitation” OR “rehabilitation” OR “physical therapy” OR “exercises” OR “physical activity” OR “training” OR “nutrition” OR “OR “diet.”

Results:
Exercise rehabilitation can increase energy level, cardiovascular fitness, functional status, and physical capabilities of muscle strength and are safe to be performed by patients with SLE. Re-sistance training has been shown to improve muscle strength and size, increase mitochondrial con-tent, and reduce oxidative stress. Resistance exercise impacts sarcopenia through several mecha-nisms in the muscular and neuromotor levels. Aerobic exercises are also beneficial for skeletal mus-cles to increase mitochondrial bioenergy, improve insulin sensitivity, and reduce oxidative stresses. Nutritional interventions such as protein, amino acids, essential fatty acids, and vitamin D produce biological effects that will enhance the physiological adaptation of exercise.

Conclusion:
Intervention for maintaining muscle function in the prevention and management of sarcopenia in SLE and its complications is a combination of resistance training and nutritional in-take through adequate protein intake.
A Deep Learning based Solution (Covi-DeteCT) Amidst COVID-19
Authors: Pandey Kavita 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The whole world has been severely affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid and large-scale spread has caused immense pressure on the medical sector hence increasing the chances of false detection due to human errors and mishandling of reports. At the time of outbreaks of COVID-19, there is a crucial shortage of test kits as well. Quick diagnostic testing has become one of the main challenges. For the detection of COVID-19, many Artificial Intelligence based methodologies have been proposed, a few had suggested integration of the model on a public usable platform, but none had executed this on a working application as per our knowledge.

Objective:
Keeping the above comprehension in mind, the objective is to provide an easy-to-use platform for COVID-19 identification. This work would be a contribution to the digitization of health facilities. This work is a fusion of deep learning classifiers and medical images to provide a speedy and accurate identification of the COVID-19 virus by analyzing the user's CT scan images of the lungs. It will assist healthcare workers in reducing their workload and decreasing the possibility of false detection.

Methods:
In this work, various models like Resnet50V2 and Resnet101V2, an adjusted rendition of ResNet101V2 with Feature Pyramid Network, have been applied for classifying the CT scan images into the categories: normal or COVID-19 positive.

Results:
A detailed analysis of all three models' performances have been done on the SARS-CoV-2 dataset with various metrics like precision, recall, F1-score, ROC curve, etc. It was found that Resnet50V2 achieves an accuracy of 96.79%, whereas Resnet101V2 achieves an accuracy of 97.79%. An accuracy of 98.19% has been obtained by ResNet101V2 with Feature Pyramid Network. As ResNet101V2 with Feature Pyramid Network is showing better results, thus, it is further incorporated into a working application that takes CT images as input from the user and feeds into the trained model and detects the presence of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
A mobile application integrated with the deeper variant of ResNet, i.e., ResNet101V2 with FPN checks the presence of COVID-19 in a faster and accurate manner. People can use this application on their smart mobile devices. This automated system would assist healthcare workers as well, which ultimately reduces their workload and decreases the possibility of false detection.
Axillary Meristem Development in Plants
Authors: Zhang Cui , Liu Liya , Guo Siying , Duan Benyao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The shoot apical meristem of seed plants gives rise to the above-ground parts of the
plants during development, including leaves, stems, and lateral meristems. Among them, two types
of meristems, axillary meristem and vascular cambium, support the main lateral growth. In this review, we will discuss the regulatory network of lateral growth, focusing on recent progress made
mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato and maize, including the identification of genes and their
roles in controlling lateral meristems. In addition, we will summarize the latest evidence about how
meristem affects yield-related traits, and discuss the strategies for modulating meristem regulatory
genes so as to increase crop yield in agriculture.
CRISPR/Cas9 Tool for MicroRNAs Editing in Cardiac Development,
Function, and Disease
Authors: Saberianpour Shirin , Abkhooie Leila 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful gene-editing technology. Extensive scientific data exist that
the CRISPR/Cas9 system can target small, non-coding, active RNA molecules, including microRNAs
(miRNAs). miRNAs have been recognized as key regulators of different cell biological
processes, such as the modulation of fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the regulation of
cardiomyocytes. Also, it has been demonstrated that miRNAs strongly affect organ evolution, and
that the concentration of miRNAs can involve the differentiation, development, and function of different
organs. In addition, the current findings clearly indicate that miRNAs can select and control
their targets based on their concentrations. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology is a stronger
system for stopping miRNAs than previous methods, including antisense inhibitors. CRISPR/Cas9
tools can be used to eliminate small areas of DNA and determine miRNA in cases where similar
groups of miRNAs are in the same strand. Herein, besides other emerging strategies, we critically
summarize the recent investigations linking miRNA-targeted therapeutics and CRISPR/Cas9 system
to clarify and combine different delivery platforms and cell-fate engineering of miRNAs function
and miRNA-based therapeutic intervention in cardiac development, function, and disease. Based on
our findings from the literature, it appears that the use of the CRISPR/Cas technology provides new
perspectives for understanding the molecular mechanism of cardiovascular disease and can be effective
in treating and controlling cardiac development, function, and disease in the future.
Application of Electrospun Nanofiber as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review
Authors: Babaloo Hamideh , Vojoudi Elham 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:Recent advances in electrospinning have transformed the process of fabricating ultrafine nano-fiber scaffolds with side benefits to drug delivery systems and delivery systems in general. The extremely thin quality of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, along with an effective area of high specificity and a stereological porous structure, capacitates them for the delivery of biomolecules, genes, and drugs. Accordingly, the present study gives a close preface on certain approaches to incorporating drugs and biomolecules into an electrospun nanofiber scaffold, including blending, surface engineering and modification, coaxial electrospinning and emulsion-based systems. The study further elaborates on certain biomedical applications of nanofibers as drug delivery systems, with case examples of Transdermal systems/ antibacterial agents/ wound dressing, cancer treatment, scaffolds for Growth Factor delivery and carriers for stem cell delivery systems.
Points and the Delivery of Gameful Experiences in a Gamified Environment: Framework Development and Case Analysis
Authors: Park Sungjin , Kim Sangkyun 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPoints represent one of the most widely used game mechanics in gamification. They have been used as a means to provide feedback to users. They visually show user performance and are used along with other game mechanics to produce synergy effects. However, using points without analyzing the application environment and targets adversely affects users.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the problems that users encounter when points are applied improperly, to solve problems based on an analysis of previous studies and actual point use cases, and to develop a point design framework to deliver gameful experiences.MethodsThree problems were identified by analyzing previous studies. The first problem is points that only accumulate. The second is points that emphasize a user’s difference from other people. The third pertains to the reward distribution problem that occurs when points are used as rewards.ResultsWe developed a framework by deriving 3 criteria for applying points. The first criterion is based on the passive acquisition approach and the active use approach. The second criterion is used to classify points as “high/low” and “many/few” types. The third criterion is the classification of personal reward points and group reward points based on segmentation of the reward criteria. We developed 8 types of points based on the derived point design framework.ConclusionsWe expect that some of the problems that users experience when using points can be solved. Furthermore, we expect that some of the problems that arise when points are used as rewards, such as pointsification and the overjustification effect, can be solved. By solving such problems, we suggest a direction that enables a gameful experience for point users and improves the core value delivery through gameful experiences. We also suggest a gameful experience delivery method in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Digitalizing and Upgrading Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Surveillance in Malta: System Development
Authors: Cauchi John Paul , Borg Maria-Louise , Džiugytė Aušra , Attard Jessica , Melillo Tanya , Zahra Graziella , Barbara Christopher , Spiteri Michael , Drago Allan , Zammit Luke , Debono Joseph , Souness Jorgen , Agius Steve , Young Sharon , Dimech Alan , Chetcuti Ian , Camenzuli Mark , Borg Ivan , Calleja Neville , Tabone Lorraine , Gauci Charmaine , Vassallo Pauline , Baruch Joaquin 
Published: September 2022

Background
In late 2020, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and Epiconcept started implementing a surveillance system for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) across Europe.

Objective
We sought to describe the process of digitizing and upgrading SARI surveillance in Malta, an island country with a centralized health system, during the COVID-19 pandemic from February to November 2021. We described the characteristics of people included in the surveillance system and compared different SARI case definitions, including their advantages and disadvantages. This study also discusses the process, output, and future for SARI and other public health surveillance opportunities.

Methods
Malta has one main public hospital where, on admission, patient data are entered into electronic records as free text. Symptoms and comorbidities are manually extracted from these records, whereas other data are collected from registers. Collected data are formatted to produce weekly and monthly reports to inform public health actions. From October 2020 to February 2021, we established an analogue incidence-based system for SARI surveillance. From February 2021 onward, we mapped key stakeholders and digitized most surveillance processes.

Results
By November 30, 2021, 903 SARI cases were reported, with 380 (42.1%) positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of all SARI hospitalizations, 69 (7.6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 769 (85.2%) were discharged, 27 (3%) are still being treated, and 107 (11.8%) died. Among the 107 patients who died, 96 (89.7%) had more than one underlying condition, the most common of which were hypertension (n=57, 53.3%) and chronic heart disease (n=49, 45.8%).

Conclusions
The implementation of enhanced SARI surveillance in Malta was completed by the end of May 2021, allowing the monitoring of SARI incidence and patient characteristics. A future shift to register-based surveillance should improve SARI detection through automated processes.