bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsibility, stress and the well-being of school principals: how principals engaged in self-care during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Hayes Sonya D. , Anderson Erin , Carpenter Bradley W. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study centers the reflections of principals across the USA as they navigated the overwhelming stress of closing and reopening schools during a global pandemic. Specifically, the authors explored how school principals addressed self-care and their own well-being during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis research study is part of a broader qualitative study conducted by 20 scholars from across the USA in Spring 2020 and organized by the Consortium for Policy Research in Education (CPRE). This national research team conducted 120 qualitative interviews with public school principals in 19 different states and 100 districts. As part of this team, the authors coded and analyzed all 120 transcripts in NVivo using a self-care framework.FindingsThe responses from the participants capture some of the complexity of self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors found evidence of both negative and positive sentiments towards self-care that will be described in five major themes. For the tensions with self-care, the authors developed two primary themes: leaders eat last and keep from falling off the cliff. For the demonstrations of self-care, the authors also developed three primary themes: release the endorphins, people need people and unplug from work.Originality/valueAlthough researchers have identified the stressors and reactions of principals during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known on how principals engaged in self-care practices. This study aims to identify these self-care practices and offer recommendations for principals.
Determinants of public–private partnerships: an empirical analysis of Asia
Authors: Malik Sakshi , Kaur Simrit 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
Despite being a global public–private partnerships (PPPs) leader, the Asian region is characterised by a wide PPP-divide, wherein select countries attract majority of PPP projects, while other countries fail to attract the requisite PPP investments. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of PPP projects in Asia.

Design/methodology/approach
Using quantitative methods on secondary data, this study analyses the macroeconomic determinants of value and number of PPPs in Asia for the period 2010–2019. The methodology relies on panel fixed effects, random effects, two-step system generalised method of moments and negative binomial regression.

Findings
Results underline the importance of the country’s experience with PPPs, physical infrastructure, financial sector development, market conditions, institutional quality and political stability in attracting PPP projects.

Practical implications
Identification of the determinants of PPPs will assist private investors in making informed decisions related to the selection of countries for PPP investments, thereby increasing the likelihood of a project’s success.

Social implications
The results are expected to enable countries to formulate policies aimed at attracting higher PPP investments, thereby propelling economic development and improvement in the quality of life.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first such study that comprehensively analyses the determinants of both value of PPP investments and number of PPP projects for Asian countries.
Uniting the scales of microbial biogeochemistry with trait‐based modelling
Authors: Wan Joe , Crowther Thomas W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Below‐ground microbial communities drive some of Earth's largest biogeochemical fluxes, yet they represent a major source of uncertainty in global biogeochemical models. This review synthesizes recent advances in trait‐based soil carbon modelling in order to identify how empirical observations of microbial traits can inform the next generation of soil carbon models.

We identify four key perspectives from which trait‐based models have investigated the role of microbes in soil carbon fluxes, ranging from the largest to the smallest scales of biological organization: (i) Earth system models, which have recently begun to incorporate microbial traits at a global scale; (ii) ecosystem models, which relate microbial carbon cycling to other trophic levels and element cycles; (iii) models from community ecology, which link theories of species diversity to ecosystem cycles; and (iv) models of fine‐scale physiology, which mechanistically represent traits at the individual level.

Highlighting the contributions of diverse trait‐based modelling approaches, we caution that this diversity makes it challenging to link perspectives at different scales. The meaning of a trait depends both on the structure of the model in which it occurs and on the scale treated by the model. Thus, reapplying a fine‐scale trait at a broader scale may make incorrect predictions, an issue we illustrate quantitatively using model simulations.

With these challenges in mind, we highlight several ways to synthesize the scales of microbial biogeochemical modelling: (i) quantitatively, using mathematical scaling techniques, (ii) empirically, by applying experiments to test relationships between scales and (iii) conceptually, by identifying key traits and processes across scales.

Taking full advantage of trait‐based modelling, ecologists will thus be able to incorporate multiple perspectives to better predict carbon cycling in a changing world.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Ant body size mediates functional performance and species interactions in carrion decomposer communities
Authors: Nooten Sabine S. , Chan Kin H. , Schultheiss Patrick , Bogar Taylor A. , Guénard Benoit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Growing concern over rapid species declines and extinctions has led to considerable interest in the role of biodiversity for maintaining ecological processes. However, the loss of particular species has more pronounced effects on ecosystem services than others, highlighting the importance of key functional species traits and their relationships to ecosystem functioning. Human‐induced disturbances, such as species invasions, land use changes, or abiotic changes, appear to disproportionally impact larger species rather than smaller ones. The loss of large‐bodied species in the community diminishes key ecosystem services like seed dispersal, pest control, pollination and decomposition.

Here, we use carrion, a nutrient‐rich ephemeral resource, to test the hypotheses that ants positively affect decomposition rates and that their role in the necrophilous community—as predator or decomposer—is mediated by body size. We further investigate the relative contribution of maggots versus ants to biomass decomposition.

Our results show that ants contributed positively to the decomposition process. Moreover, decomposition was shaped by an intricate interplay between competition and predation among the guild of decomposer insects. As predicted, larger ants show a double action in increasing decomposition rate and predating on maggots, while small ants are rather inefficient decomposers and did not act as predators on other decomposer species.

Our study shows that differentiating key taxonomic groups in function of their body size is key to untangle the diversity and directions of the various roles they play within complex ecological processes.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Complex community‐wide consequences of consumer sexual dimorphism
Authors: De Lisle Stephen P. , Schrieber Sebastian J. , Bolnick Daniel I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism is a ubiquitous source of within‐species variation, yet the community‐level consequences of sex differences remain poorly understood.

Here, we analyse a bitrophic model of two competing resource species and a sexually reproducing consumer species.

We show that consumer sex differences in resource acquisition can have striking consequences for consumer‐resource coexistence, abundance and dynamics.

Under both direct interspecific competition and apparent competition between two resource species, sexual dimorphism in consumers' attack rates can mediate coexistence of the resource species, while in other cases can lead to exclusion when stable coexistence is typically expected. Slight sex differences in total resource acquisition also can reverse competitive outcomes and lead to density cycles. These effects are expected whenever both consumer sexes require different amounts or types of resources to reproduce.

Our results suggest that consumer sexual dimorphism, which is common, has wide‐reaching implications for the assembly and dynamics of natural communities.
Are stress‐related pathways of social status differentiation more important determinants of health inequities in countries with higher levels of income inequality?
Authors: Olstad Dana Lee , Nejatinamini Sara , Vanderlee Lana , Livingstone Katherine M. , Campbell David J. T. , Tang Karen , Minaker Leia M. , Hammond David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe explored socioeconomic gradients in self‐rated overall health (SROH) using indicators of materialist (educational attainment and perceived income adequacy) and psychosocial perspectives (subjective social status (SSS)) among adults living in countries with varying levels of income inequality, and the importance of psychosocial stress in mediating these associations. If psychosocial processes at the individual and societal levels correspond, associations between SSS and SROH should be higher among adults in countries with higher income inequality, and psychosocial stress should be a more important mediator of these associations. We used multigroup structural equation models to analyse cross‐sectional data from the International Food Policy Study of adults (n = 22,824) in Australia, Canada, Mexico, the UK and the United States. Associations between SSS and SROH were not higher in more unequal countries, nor was psychosocial stress a more important mediator of these associations. Inequities in SROH in more unequal countries may not predominantly reflect stress‐related pathways of social status differentiation.
Sydney ‘lockout’ liquor licensing law restrictions have been associated with a sustained reduction in emergency department presentations from assaults over 5 years
Authors: Deacon James W , Preisz Paul , Chambers Anthony J 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe present study assessed the impact of changes to the New South Wales Liquor Act in 2014 on assault‐related presentations to the ED of St Vincent's Hospital. This hospital is the primary receiving hospital for the area affected by these laws.MethodsPatients presenting to the ED with an assault‐related diagnosis were identified from the ED and trauma registry databases from 2009 to 2019 and retrospectively reviewed. The number of presentations in the 5 years prior to the introduction of the laws in 2014 was compared to the number occurring in the 5 years following this. Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and in‐hospital death were used as markers for severe injury.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2019 there were 2983 assault‐related presentations to the ED, with 153 requiring ICU admission and 12 deaths. The mean number of presentations annually fell from 342 to 255 after the introduction of the laws (P = 0.01). The reduction in presentations was sustained for the entire 5‐year period after the introduction of the laws. Although the mean number of patients requiring ICU admission per year fell from 17 to 14, and the mean number of deaths annually fell from 1.6 to 0.8, neither of these were statistically significant.ConclusionsThere has been a significant reduction in assault‐related presentations to St Vincent's Hospital following the changes to the liquor licensing laws that has been sustained for 5 years with no significant decrease in the those with severe assault injuries.
Quantifying and reducing cross‐contamination in single‐ and multiplex hybridization capture of ancient DNA
Authors: Zavala Elena I. , Aximu‐Petri Ayinuer , Richter Julia , Nickel Birgit , Vernot Benjamin , Meyer Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of hybridization capture has enabled a massive upscaling in sample sizes for ancient DNA studies, allowing the analysis of hundreds of skeletal remains or sediments in single studies. Nevertheless, demands in throughput continue to grow, and hybridization capture has become a limiting step in sample preparation due to the large consumption of reagents, consumables and time. Here, we explored the possibility of improving the economics of sample preparation via multiplex capture, that is, the hybridization capture of pools of double‐indexed ancient DNA libraries. We demonstrate that this strategy is feasible, at least for small genomic targets such as mitochondrial DNA, if the annealing temperature is increased and PCR cycles are limited in post‐capture amplification to avoid index swapping by jumping PCR, which manifests as cross‐contamination in resulting sequence data. We also show that the reamplification of double‐indexed libraries to PCR plateau before or after hybridization capture can sporadically lead to small, but detectable cross‐contamination even if libraries are amplified in separate reactions. We provide protocols for both manual capture and automated capture in 384‐well format that are compatible with single‐ and multiplex capture and effectively suppress cross‐contamination and artefact formation. Last, we provide a simple computational method for quantifying cross‐contamination due to index swapping in double‐indexed libraries, which we recommend using for routine quality checks in studies that are sensitive to cross‐contamination.
Functional recovery after discharge in enhanced recovery video‐assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a pilot prospective cohort study
Authors: Huang L. , Kehlet H. , Petersen R. H. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryLittle is known about functional recovery following patient discharge in an established enhanced recovery programme after video‐assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. We conducted a single‐centre pilot prospective observational cohort study. We hypothesised that patients achieved early functional recovery after discharge. A total of 32 patients aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. A digital device was used for objective activity measurements, and patient‐reported outcomes were collected as subjective measurements. Primary outcomes were the difference in physical activity; sleep duration; pain; fatigue; and average quality of life scores between pre‐operative baseline and 7 days following discharge. The secondary outcome was the reason for reduced daily activity during the first 7 days after discharge. Median (IQR [range]) length of stay was 3 (2–5 [1–13]) days. Up to post‐discharge day 7, total, lower intensity and moderate‐to‐vigorous activities were lower than pre‐operative activity (p < 0.001; p = 0.005 and p = 0.027, respectively). Numerical rating scale (0–10) pain scores increased postoperatively at rest (mean difference 1.2, p < 0.001) and during walking (mean difference 1.4, p < 0.001). Fatigue assessed by the Christensen Fatigue Scale (1–10) was also increased postoperatively (mean difference 1.7, p = 0.001). There was a reduction in quality of life scores, while sedentary activity and sleep duration were unchanged postoperatively. Dominant reasons for not recovering daily activity included fatigue in 43% and pain in 33% of patients. Despite compliance with an enhanced recovery programme with a median length of hospital stay of 3 days after video‐assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, functional recovery was not achieved within 7 days after hospital discharge. Reduction in postoperative pain and fatigue are important factors to enhance functional recovery.
Dams, Development, and Racialised Internal Peripheries: Hydraulic Imaginaries as Hegemonic Strategy in Pakistan
Authors: Akhter Majed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDams and other large water infrastructures are more than mere technical projects in Pakistan. They carry a special symbolic burden and are understood by the state as vectors of modernisation. This paper interrogates the making of a statist hydraulic imaginary in Pakistan in the 1960s and its continued relevance today. This imaginary posits a technocratic state as the protagonist in a national narrative of hydro‐modernisation. I argue that the production and dissemination of an imaginary of racialised internal peripheries as places of developmental backwardness is central to the Pakistani state’s infrastructural interventions. I analyse images and narratives from state produced magazines and videos by contextualising them with respect to the cultural politics of hegemony. The paper advances debates in critical infrastructure studies via a critical reading of Antonio Gramsci’s incomplete essay on the “Southern Question”. It develops a tradition of cultural historical materialism—largely neglected by critical water geographers—attuned to the articulation of geographic unevenness, hegemony, and racial difference.
Urban Transformations to Keep All the Same: The Power of Ivy Discourses
Authors: Westman Linda , Castán Broto Vanesa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe concept of urban transformations has gathered interest among scholars and policymakers calling for radical change towards sustainability. The discourse represents an entry point to address systemic causes of ecological degradation and social injustice, thereby providing solutions to intractable global challenges. Yet, so far, urban transformations projects have fallen short of delivering significant action in cities. The limited ability of this discourse to enable change is, in our view, linked with a broader dynamic that threatens progressive commitments to knowledge pluralism. There are discourses that, cloaked in emancipatory terminology, prevent the flourishing of radical ideas. The ivy is a metaphor to understand how such discourses operate. Ivy discourses grow from a radical foundation, but they do so while reproducing assumptions and values of mainstream discourses. We are concerned that urban transformations functions as an ivy discourse, which reproduces rather than challenges knowledge systems and relations that sustain hegemony.
Rise from ashes: A dynamic framework of organizational learning and resilience in disaster response
Authors: Nava Lucrezia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural disasters are increasingly impacting the lives of organizations. The COVID‐19 pandemic has brought attention to how organizations improve their resilience and learn how to emerge stronger after such events. While there has been little integration between the literature on organizational learning and resilience, this article draws on both streams of literature to develop a conceptual framework that distinguishes three different organizational processes emerging in the aftermath of a disaster (resilience, learning from disasters, and learning through disasters). Each response is characterized by a specific outcome, mechanism, and temporal orientation. Moreover, the proposed framework discusses the dynamic relationships between these responses. While learning from disasters and resilience combine in a cyclical dynamic that leads to an upgrade in existing organizational capabilities, learning through disasters involves a transformative dynamic that leads to expanding organizational capabilities in new domains. This article is of value to both practitioners and scholars. For managers, it derives practical implications for improving the organization's capacity for transformation in the aftermath of a disaster such as COVID‐19. For scholars, it contributes to the debate about the long‐term interrelation between different organizational response to disasters and sheds light on the mechanisms of organizational renewal in the aftermath of a disaster.
Zero-Inflated Poisson Models with Measurement Error in the Response
Authors: Zhang Qihuang , Yi Grace Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zero-inflated count data arise frequently from genomics studies. Analysis of such data is often based on a mixture model which facilitates excess zeros in combination with a Poisson distribution, and various inference methods have been proposed under such a model. Those analysis procedures, however, are challenged by the presence of measurement error in count responses. In this article, we propose a new measurement error model to describe error-contaminated count data. We show that ignoring the measurement error effects in the analysis may generally lead to invalid inference results, and meanwhile, we identify situations where ignoring measurement error can still yield consistent estimators. Furthermore, we propose a Bayesian method to address the effects of measurement error under the zero-inflated Poisson model and discuss the identifiability issues. We develop a data-augmentation algorithm that is easy to implement. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We apply our method to analyze the data arising from a prostate adenocarcinoma genomic study.
Numeracy skills in young children as predictors of mathematical competence
Authors: Seitz Maximilian , Weinert Sabine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs mathematical competence is linked to educational success, professional achievement, and even a country's economic growth, researchers have been interested in early predictors for quite some time. Although there have been numerous studies on domain‐specific numerical abilities predicting later mathematical competence in preschool children, research in toddlers is scarce, especially regarding additional influential aspects, such as domain‐general cognitive abilities and the children's social background. Using a large‐scale dataset, the present study examined predictive effects of numeracy skills in 17‐month‐olds for later mathematical achievement. We found small, positive effects, even when controlling for child‐related variables (i.e., age and sex) and the children's social background (i.e., maternal education and household language). Additionally, we compared results with a domain‐general categorization task and found no distinct effect on mathematical competence. The present results are discussed with regard to the specificities of the dataset, as well as implications for future studies on predictors of mathematical competence.
Using social cognition models to understand why people, such as perfectionists, struggle to respond with self‐compassion
Authors: Biskas Marios , Sirois Fuschia M. , Webb Thomas L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResponding with self‐compassion to lapses in goal pursuit helps people to achieve their goals, yet evidence suggests that some people struggle to respond with self‐compassion. The current research proposes that social cognition models such the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Prototype Willingness Model could explain why some people, such as those high in perfectionistic concerns, struggle to respond with self‐compassion. We therefore conducted a pre‐registered prospective study that measured participants’ beliefs about self‐compassion, difficulties enacting self‐compassionate responding, perfectionistic concerns, and then tested their ability to be self‐compassionate in response to a recalled and future lapse. The results showed that participants were less likely to respond with self‐compassion to lapses if they held negative beliefs about self‐compassion and experienced difficulties enacting self‐compassion. Participants high in perfectionistic concerns were more likely to have negative beliefs about self‐compassion and experience difficulties enacting self‐compassion. Together, these findings provide evidence that social cognition models can be used to understand self‐compassionate responding and identify why some people struggle to respond with self‐compassion to goal lapses.