bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow and heat transfer studies of multijet impingement cooling for different configurations: A review
Authors: Babji Gudla , Pujari Arun Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreasing the gas turbine engine's turbine intake temperature has long been a potential strategy for increasing the specific work output of the engine. However, the melting temperature of the turbine blades and vane material limits the maximum intake temperature. As a result, internal and external cooling techniques are commonly used to maintain the vane material in a safe condition. This study provided an overview of internal impingement cooling to highlight the significance of geometrical variations, such as flat plate, curve plate, and actual vanes. It was observed that flat and curved plate impingement heat transfer studies were reported extensively, whereas limited studies were found on the conjugate effects on airfoil surfaces. The importance of conjugate heat transfer studies and their impact has recently been described in the literature. In most of the literature, a wide range of instruments, such as Laser Doppler Velocimeter, Particle Image Velocimeter, liquid crystal sheets, and so forth, were used for experimental investigations. According to most studies, the local value of internal surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient are vital factors of local flow behavior. Jet‐to‐jet spacing, jet‐to‐plate spacing, jet hole diameter, and jet Reynolds numbers played a crucial role in both numerical and experimental analyses. Different geometric variations strongly influence flow behavior. Therefore, the usual method for determining interior temperature distributions and heat transfer coefficients by considering generalized geometries like the flat and curved plate may not produce accurate conjugate solutions. Most of the computational studies on the flat and curved plate indicate the usage of κ−ω shear stress transport and κ–ε realizable model to predict the heat transfer coefficient.
Interpolation of rainfall observations during extreme rainfall events in complex mountainous terrain
Authors: Page Trevor , Beven Keith J. , Hankin Barry , Chappell Nick A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe representation of rainfall in space is important for hydrological modelling. Accurate estimation of rainfall is particularly challenging in mountainous regions where observations are often sparse relative to the spatial variability of rainfall. In these regions, orographic processes lead to complex patterns of rainfall enhancement and rain shadow depletion. This study testsNatural Neighbour Interpolation (NNI),ordinary kriging (OK)andordinary cokriging (CK), to determine ifCKimproves rainfall interpolation during three extreme rainfall events. Three different elevation indices were considered as secondary variables forCK. Preliminary analysis using long‐term annual average rainfall totals, including additional high elevation rainfall observations, showed thatCKwith an effective elevation index (a directionally smoothed elevation, corrected for degree of ‘orographic processing’ and shifted to account for ‘wind‐drift’ of rainfall) as a secondary variable performed better thanNNIandOKwith an overall improvement of around 40%. Using rainfall totals for long‐term wind direction and wind speed rainfall classes,CKperformance was variable but provided an improvement of approximately 15% for wind direction classeswithoutan easterly wind component. For 15‐min timesteps during extreme rainfall events, there were comparatively small differences (cross‐validation usingRMSE) between interpolation methods, partly attributed to having only relatively low elevation rainfall observations, providing weak constraint. Using cross‐validation andmean biasdid, however, show an improvement for both high and low elevation observation classes. Importantly, cross‐variogram estimation provided differing cross‐validation results when estimated for different rainfall accumulation periods: 15‐min, hourly, daily and long‐term. Variograms and cross variograms estimated at a 15‐min timestep frequency were robust for many timesteps, but were difficult to fit automatically for others. Variograms estimated from longer periods were more reliably estimated, but tended to have lower variance and cross‐variance and longer correlation ranges producing a smoother interpolated rainfall field. Given the weak cross‐validation constraint, care must be taken in identifying the most appropriate method and variogram estimation period.
Effects of gastrodin on the expression of brain aging‐related genes in SAM/P‐8 mice based on network pharmacology
Authors: Zhao Nan , Jiang Rui , Cheng Jun‐Jie , Xiao Qiu‐Xia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrodin can reduce neuronal damage through multiple targets and pathways, and can be useful in preventing and treating degenerative lesions of the central nervous system, but the specific mechanism has not been elucidated.MethodsThe aging‐related genes in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex were detected in adult and aged mice treated with gastrodin or not. In addition, we collected the target genes of gastrodin and aging from a network database, and a Venn diagram was created to obtain the intersection target genes of gastrodin and aging. Then, the String database was used to analyze the protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between aging‐related genes and the target genes of gastrodin and aging. The “drug–disease–target–pathway” network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and the main mechanism and pathway of key genes were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). Finally, the reliability of these key genes was further verified by molecular docking technology.ResultsThe results showed that 6 out of 10 genes related to brain aging were differentially expressed after gastrodin intervention. Moreover, there were 11 key genes between gastrodin and differentially expressed genes related to brain aging. GO and KEGG results suggested that material metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption were associated with the pathological mechanism of gastrodin antiaging. Molecular docking results also confirmed the good binding activity of gastrodin to the key genes.ConclusionGastrodin plays a potential role in antiaging by regulating substance metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
Light microscopy‐based elastography for the mechanical characterization of zebrafish somitogenesis
Authors: Tomizawa Yuji , Daggett David F. , Zheng Guoan , Hoshino Kazunori 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe evaluated the elasticity of live tissues of zebrafish embryos using label‐free optical elastography. We employed a pair of custom‐built elastic microcantilevers to gently compress a zebrafish embryo and used optical‐tracking analysis to obtain the induced internal strain. We then built a finite element method (FEM) model and matched the strain with the optical analysis. The elastic moduli were found by minimizing the root‐mean‐square errors between the optical and FEM analyses. We evaluated the average elastic moduli of a developing somite, the overlying ectoderm, and the underlying yolk of seven zebrafish embryos during the early somitogenesis stages. The estimation results showed that the average elastic modulus of the somite increased from 150 to 700 Pa between 4‐ and 8‐somite stages, while those of the ectoderm and the yolk stayed between 100 and 200 Pa, and they did not show significant changes. The result matches well with the developmental process of somitogenesis reported in the literature. This is among the first attempts to quantify spatially‐resolved elasticity of embryonic tissues from optical elastography.
Deciphering the map of METTL14‐mediated lncRNA m6A modification at the transcriptome‐wide level in breast cancer
Authors: Yi Dandan , Xu Fazhan , Wang Ru , Jiang Chaoyu , Qin Jiabo , Lee YiHsuan , Shi Xianbiao , Sang Jianfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmerging studies have demonstrated the critical role of RNA m6A methylation in tumor progression, whereas lncRNA m6A modification profiles in breast cancer remain largely unknown. Our previous study has shown that METTL14 accelerates breast cancer migration and invasion in an m6A‐dependent manner, making it critical to analyze METTL14‐mediated m6A modification at a transcriptome‐wide scale in breast cancer.MethodsHere, we performed MeRIP‐seq analysis in METTL14 overexpressed and control MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Conjoint analysis of MeRIP‐seq and RNA‐seq data was used to select lncRNAs with m6A methylation and differential expression. Finally, the screened lncRNA was verified by MeRIP‐PCR and its function was studied via transwell assay.ResultsOur results determined that high expression of METLL14 results in 3996 hypermethylation peaks from 3107 transcripts, and 4100 hypomethylation peaks from 2918 transcripts. Furthermore, conjoint analysis of MeRIP‐seq and RNA‐seq data identified 25 lncRNAs with discrepant methylation and simultaneously discrepant expression, among which the top 10 differentially expressed LncRNAs were AC026401.3, CYTOR, LINC01943, AC084125.2, FLJ20021, LINC00472, and NORAD, MALAT1, AL161431.1, and LINC01764. Moreover, over‐expressed METTL14 stimulated the m6A modification of AC084125.2, while decreasing its expression. Compared to adjacent tissues, AC084125.2 was lowly expressed in tumors and could be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Meanwhile, AC084125.2 inhibited the migration and invasion of cancer cells.ConclusionIn conclusion, METTL14‐mediated m6A modification of lncRNAs, which might provide reference for future intervention in tumor progression.
A qualitative study of stakeholder and researcher perspectives of community engagement practices for HIV vaccine clinical trials in South Africa
Authors: Dietrich Janan J. , Munoz Jessica , Tshabalala Gugulethu , Makhale Lerato M. , Hornschuh Stefanie , Rentas Francisco , Mulaudzi Mamakiri , Laher Fatima , Andrasik Michele P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCommunity engagement increases community trust of research and improves trial participation. However, there is limited documented appraisal of community engagement practices. Several HIV vaccine efficacy trials have been conducted in South Africa, the country most affected by HIV, predominantly in collaboration with the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN). We explored stakeholder and researcher perspectives of the HVTN community engagement practices used in the Gauteng province of South Africa. In 2017, we conducted a qualitative study. Using semi‐structured interview guides, we facilitated two group discussions with Community Advisory Board (CAB) members (n = 13), and 14 in‐depth interviews with HVTN‐affiliated employees (n = 8 in South Africa and n = 6 in the USA). Group discussions and in‐depth interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and coded using NVIVO 12 Plus software for thematic data analysis. Overall, median age of study participants was 22 (interquartile range 32–54) years, and 74% (n = 20) were female. Three main themes about community engagement emerged: (i) community engagement as an ongoing iterative relationship between researchers and community; (ii) methods of community engagement, encompassing community education by linking with external stakeholders and through awareness campaigns by pamphlet distribution and mass events, working with communities to develop recruitment messages, and working with CAB as a link to communities; and (iii) strategies to improve community engagement, for example, using simple language, linking with religious leaders and traditional healers, and communicating via conventional (newspapers, television, and radio) and social (videos and listicles) media. Our data indicate ways for researchers to improve relationships with community by understanding local needs, strengthening collaborations, and tailoring communication strategies. In this regard, CABs signify critical linkages between researchers and communities. CABs can relay relevant health research needs, advise on the creation of suitable materials, and link researchers more effectively with community leaders and media.
Age‐related changes in gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) splice variants in mouse brain
Authors: Gautam Pooja , Ajit Kamal , Das Moitreyi , Taliyan Rajeev , Roy Ramaballav , Banerjee Arnab 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary regulator of the mammalian reproductive axis. We investigated the spatiotemporal expression of GnRH splice variants (V1, V2, and V3) and splicing factors (Srsf7, Srsf9, and Tra‐2) in the male mice brain. Further, using in silico tools, we predicted protein structure and the reason for the low translational efficiency of V2 and V3. Messenger RNA levels of GnRH variants and splicing factors were quantified using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction at different age groups. Our data show that expression of almost all the variants alters with aging in all the brain regions studied; even in comparison to the hypothalamus, several brain areas were found to have higher expression of these variants. Hypothalamic expression of splicing factors such as Srsf7, Srsf9, and Tra‐2 also change with aging. Computational studies have translation repressors site on the V3, which probably reduces its translation efficiency. Also, V2 is an intrinsically disordered protein that might have a regulatory or signaling function. In conclusion, this study provides novel crucial information and multiple starting points for future analysis of GnRH splice variants in the brain.
The Relationship Between Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Function and MRI‐Derived Water Diffusion and Adipose Tissue Measurements in Young Healthy Males
Authors: Yamauchi Koun , Someya Keita , Kato Chisato , Kato Takayuki 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundWater diffusion and adipose tissue in a muscle can be evaluated by MRI. However, determining which quadriceps femoris muscle (QM) characteristics independently predict peak knee extension torque during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), individual muscle activity during MVICs and sit‐to‐stand transitions is unknown.PurposeTo determine which QM characteristics predict knee extension muscle strength and individual muscle activity.Study TypeProspective, cross‐sectional.SubjectsA total of 20 healthy males (aged 22–40 years) with a physical activity level <1 hour/week.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T, diffusion‐weighted fast spin–echo echo‐planar imaging and T1‐weighted fast spin–echo sequences.AssessmentThe vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus intermedius were segmented in a single axial diffusion‐weighted image and T1‐weighted image at the right mid‐thigh region. λ1–3 and fractional anisotropy (FA), and the percentage of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were measured. The knee extension peak force during MVICs was measured by a dynamometer, and the torque was calculated at the peak force × length. The ratios of the individual muscle activity to the total muscle (VM, VL, and RF) during MVICs and sit‐to‐stand transitions were assessed using surface electromyography.Statistical TestsRegression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of peak knee extension torque and of individual muscle activity ratios. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe RF λ1 significantly predicted the peak knee extension torque (β = −0.51). The IMAT percentage of the VM significantly predicted the VM muscle activity ratio during the MVIC and sit‐to‐stand transition (β = −0.82 and β = −0.61, respectively), whereas the ratio of the VM λ1 to the whole QM λ1 significantly predicted the VM muscle activity ratio during the sit‐to‐stand transitions (β = 0.35 and β = 0.46, respectively).Data ConclusionThe RF λ1 may allow to estimate peak knee extension muscle torque, and the VM IMAT and λ1 may predict muscle activity in youth.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 3.
Two types of cold waves affecting northeast China and the corresponding different key regions of precedent sea ice and sea surface temperature
Authors: Fang Yihe , Lin Yitong , Zhao Chunyu , Xu Shiqi , Lin Yi , Yu Yiqiu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBased on the daily minimum temperature data from 199 meteorological stations in northeast China (NEC), the cold wave (CW) processes in winter from 1980 to 2020 are identified. Then, by using the reanalysis 500‐hPa geopotential height data provided by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the CWs are objectively classified into two types (abbreviated as Type 1 and Type 2) according to the corresponding atmospheric circulation through the hierarchical cluster algorithm (HCA). The relationships of the CWs with the Arctic sea sic (SIC) and sea surface temperature (SST) are revealed. For Type 1, the SIC in the north of the Barents Sea–Kara Sea is relatively less in the previous autumn, and a wave train propagating from the polar regions to Northeast Asia is stimulated under the ice–atmosphere interaction. This wave train further cooperates with the positive SST anomaly in the southern Indian Ocean to excite the low‐vortex circulation under the negative phase of Arctic Oscillation (AO) in winter, which is conducive to the occurrence of Type 1. However, the relatively low SST in the western Pacific warm pool in previous autumn stimulates a northward propagating wave train along the meridian, which increases the degree of meridionality of the atmospheric circulation over East Asia and thus indirectly causes the polar‐vortex‐splitting circulation under the positive AO phase, which favours the formation of Type 2. The numerical simulations can well reproduce the observational facts, further confirming the possible impact of the SIC and SST in the previous autumn on the two types of CW over the NEC.
Comparative study of the HP‐HTbehavior of a layered silicate apophyllite in water and paraffin oil
Authors: Likhacheva Anna Yu. , Goryainov Sergey V. , Ignatov Mark A. , Romanenko Alexandr V. , Seryotkin Yurii V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe interaction of porous minerals with liquids, especially water, is involved in many technological and geochemical processes. Apophyllite (K,Na)Ca4[Si8O20](F,OH).8H2O, exhibiting mixed properties of layered and framework microporous silicates, is a promising object to model the interaction of a fluid with porous material. It was studied by the in situ Raman spectroscopy at simultaneously high pressure (HP) and high temperature (HT) up to 225°C and 9 GPa in order to clarify the effect of the composition of the pressure medium and the temperature on its HPbehavior. Penetrating (water) and nonpenetrating (paraffin oil) media were used. Independently of the compressing medium, at HT, the lattice vibrational modes of apophyllite demonstrate regular pressure shifts. Almost uniform shift rates imply little differentiation between the compression of silicate layers and interlayer ion‐molecular assemblage. Similar HPbehavior of apophyllite in penetrating and nonpenetrating media indicates no pressure‐induced overhydration within 1–9 GPa. Thereby, the significance of such structural factors, as a limited H2O mobility and relatively strong contacts between silicate layers, determining low structure tolerance towards the penetration of additional molecules, is emphasized. The elevated temperature does not affect the mobility of the interlayer H2O molecules to allow the pressure‐induced intercalation in apophyllite.
Effects of mass capture on survival of greater white‐fronted geese in Alaska
Authors: Dooley Joshua L. , Schmutz Joel A. , Fischer Julian B. , Marks Dennis K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMass capture of flightless geese during the summer is a common trapping technique to obtain large numbers of individuals for research and marking, but few studies have assessed the impacts of this method on the survival of after‐hatch‐year geese. We evaluated the effects of holding time and captured flock size on the survival of >26,000 subadult (second yr) and adult (≥third yr) greater white‐fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) banded in Alaska, USA, 1999–2017. We constructed models with and without capture effects to analyze our band‐recovery data and used Akaike's Information Criterion to rank our model set. Models that included both capture‐related variables ranked highest. Longer individual holding times negatively affected survival during the first year after banding, and effects were greatest during the earliest years of our study when holding times were generally longer and protocols to minimize negative capture effects were less refined. There was a positive relationship between survival and captured flock size. We suggest practitioners reduce holding times of geese during mass captures to the extent practicable and continually evaluate and refine their methods to minimize negative capture effects.
Investigating intellectual capital, corporate environmental sustainability strategy, and management commitment: Evidence from Ghanaian hotels
Authors: Quartey Samuel Howard , Mensah Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on corporate environmental sustainability strategy (CESS), and the moderating effect of management commitment (MC) on the link between IC and CESS in hotels in Ghana. As a cross‐sectional survey, data was collected from 185 managers from 30 hotels and analyzed using standard multiple regression analyses. The results revealed that there is a positive link between IC and CESS. The results further showed that MC has a significant positive moderating effect on the link between IC and CESS. The study's findings provide evidence to support the view that MC can enhance IC's contribution to the environmental sustainability performance of hotels in Ghana. This study extends the natural resource‐based theory by showing IC as strategic capability and resource for achieving corporate environmental sustainability strategies.
Accelerated temporal turnover of the soil nematode community under alpine grassland degradation
Authors: Wang Kui , Xue Kai , Wang Zongsong , Liu Wenjing , Zhao Runchen , Wu Wenchao , Tang Li , Zhang Biao , Zhou Shutong , Hao Yanbin , Cui Xiaoyong , Jiang Lili , Wang Shiping , Wang Yanfen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil nematodes play pivotal roles in the soil food web. However, the trophic regulation on nematodes in the soil micro‐food web and its temporal dynamics are less explored. Here, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of soil nematode community in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at non‐degraded (ND), moderately degraded (MD) and severely degraded (SD) stages, either under open‐top chamber warming (W) or not (NW). Nematode richness was higher in SD than in MD and ND that did not differ, accompanied by a clear shift from the bottom‐up regulation via belowground productivity in ND to the top‐down regulation via omnivore and predator nematodes in SD. The intensified top‐down regulation in SD was explained by increased proportions of predator and omnivore nematodes, likely induced by the expanded soil pore size in SD. As a result, accelerated temporal turnover of nematode community was observed under grassland degradation, which were 0.006 (slope, p = 0.78), 0.045 (p = 0.07), and 0.077 (p = 0.001) in ND, MD, and SD, respectively. Moreover, grassland degradation strengthened the association between nematode density and ecosystem respiration, whose slope was higher in SD (0.0025, p < 0.05) than in MD (0.0008, p < 0.01) or ND (insignificant). In contrast, warming did not affect the temporal turnover of the nematode community, richness, nor its role in ecosystem respiration. Overall, we revealed the accelerated temporal turnover of nematode community and its strengthened role in determining ecosystem respiration under alpine grassland degradation, suggesting that trophic cascade changes under ecosystem degradation may alter the ecosystem functioning.