bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-omics empowered deep phenotyping of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Janker Lukas , Schuster Dina , Bortel Patricia , Hagn Gerhard , Brunmair Julia , Meier-Menches Samuel M. , Mader Johanna C. , Slany Astrid , Bileck Andrea , Madl Christian , Unger Lukas , Hennlich Barbara , Weitmayr Barbara , Del Favero Giorgia , Pils Dietmar , Pukrop Tobias , Pfisterer Nikolaus , Feichtenschlager Thomas , Gerner Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease with rising incidence and unclear etiology. The application of mass spectrometry-based analysis methods shall support the establishment of systemic molecular biomarker signatures providing status information with regard to individual UC pathomechanisms.DesignUC pathomechanisms were assessed by proteome profiling of human tissue specimen, obtained from five distinct colon locations each of 12 patients. Systemic disease-associated alterations were investigated in a cross-sectional setting by mass spectrometry-based multi-omics analyses comprising proteins, metabolites and eicosanoids of plasma obtained from UC patients during disease and upon remission in comparison to healthy controls.ResultsTissue proteome profiling identified colitis-associated activation of neutrophils, macrophages, B- and T-cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and platelets, and indicated hypoxic stress, as well as a general downregulation of mitochondrial proteins accompanying the establishment of apparent wound healing-promoting activities including scar formation. While the immune cells mainly contributed pro-inflammatory proteins, the colitis-associated epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and platelets predominantly formed anti-inflammatory and wound healing-promoting proteins. Blood plasma proteomics indicated chronic inflammation and platelet activation, whereas plasma metabolomics identified disease-associated deregulation of bile acids, eicosanoids and gut microbiome-derived metabolites. Upon remission, several, but not all, molecular candidate biomarker levels recovered to normal levels. These findings may indicate that pathomechanisms related to gut functions, gut microbiome status, microvascular damage and metabolic dysregulation associated with hypoxia may not resolve uniformly during remission.ConclusionsThis study integrates and expands the knowledge about local and systemic effects of UC and identifies biomarker profiles related to molecular UC pathomechanisms.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latino families with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias: Perceptions of family caregivers and primary care providers
Authors: Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Peltzer Jill , Fracachan-Cabrera Monica , Perez Adriana , Ramirez-Mantilla Mariana , Greiner K Allen , Burns Jeffrey M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLatinos experience disproportionately poor outcomes in dementia and COVID-19, which may synergistically impact their health. We explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Latino families with dementia via a qualitative descriptive study of 21 informal caregivers of Latinos with dementia and 24 primary care providers. Two themes arose: The impact of a global pandemic (e.g., accelerated cognitive and physical decline, or caregivers choosing between risking finances and the family’s infection given the work situation) and Developing resilience to the effects of the pandemic (e.g., caregivers seeking vaccination sites, moving in with the care recipient and adopting telehealth).
Associations of Sputum Biomarkers with Clinical Outcomes in People with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Liou Theodore G , Argel Natalia , Asfour Fadi , Brown Perry S , Chatfield Barbara A , Cox David R , Daines Cori L , Durham Dixie , Francis Jessica A , Glover Barbara , Helms My , Heynekamp Theresa , Hoidal John R , Jensen Judy L , Kartsonaki Christiana , Keogh Ruth , Kopecky Carol M , Lechtzin Noah , Li Yanping , Lysinger Jerimiah , Molina Osmara , Nakamura Craig , Packer Kristyn A , Paine Robert , Poch Katie R , Quittner Alexandra L , Radford Peggy , Redway Abby J , Sagel Scott D , Szczesniak Rhonda D , Sprandel Shawna , Taylor-Cousar Jennifer L , Vroom Jane B , Yoshikawa Ryan , Clancy John P , Elborn J Stuart , Olivier Kenneth N , Adler Frederick R 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAirway inflammation promotes bronchiectasis and lung injury in cystic fibrosis (CF). Amplification of inflammation underlies pulmonary exacerbations of disease. We asked whether sputum inflammatory biomarkers provide explanatory information on pulmonary exacerbations.Patients and MethodsWe collected sputum from randomly chosen stable adolescents and adults and prospectively observed time to next exacerbation, our primary outcome. We evaluated relationships between potential biomarkers of inflammation, clinical characteristics and outcomes and assessed clinical variables as potential confounders or mediators of explanatory models. We assessed associations between the markers and time to next exacerbation using proportional hazard models adjusting for confounders.ResultsWe enrolled 114 patients, collected data on clinical variables [December 8, 2014 to January 16, 2016; 46% male, mean age 28 years (SD 12), mean percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) 70 (SD 22)] and measured 24 inflammatory markers. Half of the inflammatory markers were plausibly associated with time to next exacerbation. Age and sex were confounders while we found that FEV1% was a mediator.Three potential biomarkers of RAGE axis inflammation were associated with time to next exacerbation while six potential neutrophil-associated biomarkers indicate associations between protease activity or reactive oxygen species with time to next exacerbation.ConclusionPulmonary exacerbation biomarkers are part of the RAGE proinflammatory axis or reflect neutrophil activity, specifically implicating protease and oxidative stress injury. Further investigations or development of novel anti-inflammatory agents should consider RAGE axis, protease and oxidant stress antagonists.Tweetable abstractSputum from 114 randomly chosen people with CF show RAGE axis inflammation, protease and oxidative stress injury are associated with time to next pulmonary exacerbation and may be targets for bench or factorial design interventional studies. (242 characters)
Correlates of Daytime Sleepiness and Insomnia among Adults in Samoa
Authors: Heinsberg Lacey W. , Carlson Jenna C. , Pomer Alysa , Cade Brian E. , Naseri Take , Reupena Muagututia Sefuiva , Weeks Daniel E. , McGarvey Stephen T. , Redline Susan , Hawley Nicola L. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe daytime sleepiness and insomnia among adults in Samoa and identify modifiable factors associated with these measures.Design/settingCross-sectional analysis of data from the Soifua Manuia (“Good Health”) study (n=519, 55.1% female); Upolu island, Samoa.MethodsDaytime sleepiness and insomnia were assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS), respectively. Detailed physical, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors were collected. Sleep measures were characterized using multiple linear regression with backwards elimination and a bootstrap stability investigation.ResultsExcessive daytime sleepiness (ESS>10) and insomnia (WHIIRS>10) were reported by 20% and 6.3% of the sample, respectively. ESS scores were higher in individuals reporting more physical activity (Estimate=1.88; 95% CI=1.12 to 2.75), higher material wealth (0.18; 0.09 to 0.28), and asthma (2.85; 1.25 to 4.51). ESS scores were lower in individuals residing in periurban versus urban regions (−1.43; −2.39 to −0.41), reporting no work versus day shift work (−2.26; −3.07 to −1.41), and reporting greater perceived stress (−0.14; −0.23 to −0.06). WHIIRS scores were lower in individuals reporting “other” shift work (split/irregular/on-call/rotating) versus day shift work (−1.96; −2.89 to −1.14) and those who perceived their village’s wealth to be poor/average versus wealthy (−0.94; −1.50 to −0.34).ConclusionsParticipants had a generally higher prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness, but lower prevalence of insomnia, compared with individuals from high-income countries. Factors associated with sleep health differed compared with prior studies, emphasizing potential cultural/environmental differences and the need for targeted interventions to improve sleep health in this setting.
Research topics and trends of lumbar spondylolisthesis: a bibliometric study with machine-learning based text mining
Authors: Fan Guoxin , Qin Jiaqi , Li Yufeng , Yang Sheng , Huang Longfei , Liu Huaqing , He Shisheng , Liao Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications concerning lumbar spondylolisthesis, as well as explore its research topics and trends with machine-learning based text mining.MethodsThe data were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database and analyzed in Rstudio1.3.1. Annual publication production and the top 20 productive authors over time were presented. Additionally, top 20 productive journals and top 20 impact journals were compared by spine-subspecialty or not. Similarly, top 20 productive countries/regions and top 20 impact countries/regions were compared by developed countries/regions or not. The collaborative relationship among countries and the research trends in the past decade were presented by R package “Bibliometrix”. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) analysis was conducted to classify main topics of lumbar spondylolisthesis.ResultUp to 2021, a total number of 4990 articles concerning lumbar spondylolisthesis were finally included for analysis. Spine-subspecialty journals were found to be dominant in productivity and impact of the field, and SPINE, EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL and JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY-SPINE were the top 3 productive and the top 3 impact journals in this field. USA, China and Japan have contributed to over half of the publication productivity, but European countries seemed to publish more influential articles. It seemed that developed countries/regions tended to produce more articles as well as high influential articles, and international collaborations focused on USA, Europe and eastern Asia. Publications concerning emerging surgical technique was the major topic, followed by radiographic measurement and epidemiology for this field. Cortical bone trajectory, oblique lumbar interbody fusion, oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion, lateral lumbar interbody fusion, degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis, adjacent segment disease, spinal canal stenosis, minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and percutaneous pedicle screw were the recent hotspots over the past 5 years.ConclusionsThe study successfully summarized the productivity and impact of different countries/regions and journals, which should benefit the journal selection and pursuit of international collaboration for researcher who were interested in the field of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Additionally, the current study may encourage more researchers in the field and somewhat inform their research direction in the future.
Development and Validation of a Metabolite Index for Obstructive Sleep Apnea across Race/Ethnicities
Authors: Zhang Ying , Ngo Debby , Yu Bing , Shah Neomi A. , Chen Han , Ramos Alberto R. , Zee Phyllis C. , Tracy Russell , Durda Peter , Kaplan Robert , Daviglus Martha L. , Rich Stephen S. , Rotter Jerome I. , Cai Jianwen , Clish Clary , Gerszten Robert , Kristal Bruce S. , Gharib Sina A. , Redline Susan , Sofer Tamar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep resulting in oxygen desaturation and sleep fragmentation, and associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Metabolites are being increasingly used for biomarker discovery and evaluation of disease processes and progression. Studying metabolomic associations with OSA in a diverse community-based cohort may provide insights into the pathophysiology of OSA. We aimed to develop and replicate a metabolite index for OSA and identify individual metabolites associated with OSA.Methods and FindingsWe studied 219 metabolites and their associations with the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and with moderate-severe OSA (AHI≥15) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) (n=3507) using two methods: (1) association analysis of individual metabolites, and (2) least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify a subset of metabolites jointly associated with OSA, and develop a metabolite index for OSA. Results were validated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (n=475). When assessing the associations with individual metabolites, we identified seven metabolites significantly positively associated with OSA in HCHS/SOL (FDR p<0.05), of which four associations - glutamate, oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:2), linoleoyl-linoleoyl- glycerol (18:2/18:2) and phenylalanine, replicated in MESA (one sided-p<0.05). The OSA metabolite index, composed of 14 metabolites, was associated with 50% increase of risk for moderate-severe OSA (OR=1.50 [95% CI: 1.21-1.85] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index,p<.001) in HCHS/SOL and 44% increased risk (OR=1.55 [95% CI: 1.10-2.20] per 1 SD of OSA metabolite index,p=0.013) in MESA, both adjusted for demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidities. Similar albeit less significant associations were observed for AHI.ConclusionsWe developed a metabolite index that replicated in an independent multi-ethnic dataset, demonstrating the robustness of metabolomic-based OSA index to population heterogeneity. Replicated metabolite associations may provide insights into OSA-related molecular and metabolic mechanisms.
Voxel-Based Diktiometry - Combining convolutional neural networks with voxel-based analysis and its application in diffusion tensor imaging for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Estudillo-Romero Alfonso , Haegelen Claire , Jannin Pierre , Baxter John S.H. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTExtracting population-wise information from medical images, specifically in the neurological domain, is crucial to better understanding disease processes and progression. This is frequently done in a whole-brain voxel-wise manner, in which a population of patients and healthy controls are registered to a common co-ordinate space and a statistical test is performed on the distribution of image intensities for each location. Although this method has yielded a number of scientific insights, it is further from clinical applicability as the differences are often small and altogether do not permit for a performant classifier. In this paper, we take the opposite approach of using a performant classifier, specifically a traditional convolutional neural network, and then extracting insights from it which can be applied in a population-wise manner, a method we call voxel-based diktiometry. We have applied this method to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis for Parkinson’s Disease, using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. By using the network sensitivity information, we can decompose what elements of the DTI contribute the most to the network’s performance, drawing conclusions about diffusion biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease that are based on metrics which are not readily expressed in the voxel-wise approach.
Noninvasive ventilation strategies for patients with severe or critical COVID-19: A rapid review of clinical outcomes
Authors: Kelly Shannon E. , Wells George A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) strategies impact mortality, the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), or hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay compared to standard oxygen therapy (SOT) or each other in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.MethodsA rapid review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified through published systematic and rapid reviews supplemented with a search of bibliographic databases. RCTs were eligible if they compared HFNO, CPAP, or NIV to SOT or another ventilation strategy. Studies were screened, selected, and extracted by a single reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. We assessed risk of bias of included studies using the Cochrane ‘Risk of bias’ tool and used the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach to judge the certainty of the evidence for mortality, need for IMV, and hospital and ICU length of stay. We sought RCT evidence for non-COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress to inform additional comparisons and to supplement the available data for COVID-19.ResultsA total of 5 RCTs comparing ventilation strategies in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 were included. Patient and study characteristics were extracted and evidence and certainty of evidence assessments were completed for comparisons of HFNO and CPAP to standard oxygen therapy and NIV and CPAP to HFNO. An additional 22 RCTs of non-COVID-19 patients were also included and considered.Results from meta-analysis suggest reductions in mortality and IMV with HFNO (RR mortality 0.87 (0.66-1.13), IMV 0.89 (0.77-1.03); low quality evidence) or CPAP (RR mortality 0.87 (0.64-1.18) low quality evidence, IMV 0.81 (0.67-0.98) moderate quality evidence) compared to SOT. Helmet NIV may reduce IMV (RR 0.69 (0.43-1.09)) and CPAP may reduce IMV (RR 0.69 (0.43-1.09)) and hospital (1.67 days fewer (5.43 fewer-2.09 more) or ICU length of stay (1.02 days fewer (3.97 fewer-1.93 more)) compared to HFNO (low quality evidence).ConclusionsThis rapid systematic review highlights the available evidence to support the use of noninvasive ventilation strategies including high flow nasal oxygen, noninvasive ventiltaion (e.g., BiPAP), or CPAP in hospitalized patients with severe or critical COVID-19 and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure who do not need emergent intubation. Findings based on moderate to very low certainty evidence suggest that noninvasive ventilation may be considered as an alternative to standard oxygen therapy to reduce hypoxemia and dyspnea. Additional high quality RCTs are warranted to reduce uncertainty and to fill in important knowledge gaps.
Impact of school closures and reopening on COVID-19 caseload in 6 cities of Pakistan: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Mueed Abdul , Ahmad Taimoor , Abdullah Mujahid , Sultan Faisal , Khan Adnan Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSchools were closed all over Pakistan on November 26, 2020 to reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and reopened between January 18 and February 1, 2021. However, these closures were associated with significant economic and social costs, prompting a review of effectiveness of school closures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 infections in a developing country like Pakistan. A single-group interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used to measure the impact of school closures, as well as reopening schools on daily new COVID-19 cases in 6 major cities across Pakistan: Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, Quetta, Peshawar, and Muzaffarabad. We found that closing schools reduced COVID-19 incidence in the community by approximately a third of all cases nationwide. However, any benefits were contingent on continued closure of schools, as cases bounced back once schools reopened. School closures are associated with a clear and statistically significant reduction in COVID-19 cases by 0.07 to 0.63 cases per 100,000 population, while reopening schools is associated with a statistically significant increase. Lahore is an exception to the effect of school closures, but it too saw an increase in COVID-19 cases after schools reopened in early 2021. We show that closing schools was a viable policy option, especially before vaccines became available. However, its social and economic costs must also be considered.
Gender differences in perceived health in relation to working conditions and socio-economic status in Spain, 2014-2017
Authors: Godoy Amanda , Rojo Araceli , Delgado Luisa , Martín José J , Sánchez M. Teresa , López del Amo M. Puerto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA gender perspective was used to analyze how socio-economic status and per capita public health expenditure are associated to perceived health among the Spanish population between the years 2014 and 2017. Using multilevel methodologies (looking at year, individual, and region) and linear specification, the longitudinal microdata files from the Survey on Living Conditions were analyzed. The results point at low educational levels being a factor for worse perceived health among women, while for the same group income appears to have a protective influence. On the other hand, women are not negatively affected by unemployment, unlike men. Regional per capita public health expenditure is not associated with perceived health in either men nor women.
Access to Episodic Primary Care: A Cross-sectional Comparison of Walk-in Clinics and Urgent Primary Care Centers in British Columbia
Authors: McCracken Mary A. , Cooper Ian R. , Hamilton Michee-Ana , Klimas Jan , Lindsay Cameron , Fletcher Sarah , Price Morgan , Hedden Lindsay , McCracken Rita K. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundWalk-in clinics are non-hospital based primary care facilities that are designed to operate without appointments and provide increased healthcare access with extended hours. Urgent Primary Care Centres (UPCCs) were introduced to British Columbia (BC) in 2018 as an additional primary care resource that provides urgent, but not emergent care during extended hours. This study identifies publicly-reported access characteristics for episodic primary care in BC, and provides a clinic-level comparison between walk-in clinics and UPCCs.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study used publicly available data from all walk-in clinics and UPCCs in BC. A structured data collection form was used to record access characteristics from clinic websites, including business hours, weekend availability, attachment to a longitudinal family practice, and provision of virtual services.ResultsIn total, 268 clinics were included in the analysis (243 walk-in clinics, 25 UPCCs). Of those, 225 walk-in clinics (92.6%) and two UPCCs (8.0%) were attached to a longitudinal family practice. Only 153 (63%) walk-in clinics offered weekend services, compared to 24 (96%) of UPCCs. Walk-in clinics offer the majority (8,968.6/ 78.4%) of their service hours between 08:00 and 17:00, Monday to Friday. UPCCs offer the majority (889.3/ 53.7%) of their service hours after 17:00.ConclusionMost walk-in clinics are associated with a longitudinal family practice and provide the majority of clinic services during typical business hours. More research that includes patient characteristics and care outcomes, analyzed at the clinic level, may be useful to support the optimization of episodic primary health care delivery.