bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community cohesion and violence against women in Ghana, Pakistan, and South Sudan: A secondary data analysis
Authors: Poix Sébastien , Ibrahim Nuha , Scriver Stacey , Raghavendra Srinivas , Duvvury Nata , Elmusharaf Khalifa 
Published: September 2022

Background: Much knowledge has been accumulated on individual-level risks and protective factors of violence against women. However, the influence of factors operating at the community level, such as community cohesion, remains unclear, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study examined whether community cohesion, a combined measure of mutual trust and tolerance, affects women’s likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence, violence perpetrated by a family member, and violence occurring in public spaces. Methods: Data on 4785 women aged between 18 and 60 years in Ghana, Pakistan, and South Sudan, initially collected by the ‘What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls’ Research and Innovation Programme, were used for this study. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between a composite measure of community cohesion and recent experience of physical, sexual, and psychological violence while controlling for different individual-, community-, and state-level variables. Results: Multivariate analyses revealed that community cohesion was associated with lower risks of public spaces violence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.396, 95% confidence interval = 0.312–0.503, P < 0.001) and family member violence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.839, 95% confidence interval = 0.754–0.934, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association between intimate partner violence and community cohesion, but adjusted models showed that women with more developed social networks were at higher risks of experiencing intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio = 1.104, 95% confidence interval = 1.062–1.148, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that community cohesion may have a protective effect against the most visible forms of violence against women. However, this effect may be attenuated or even eliminated by other individual- or household-level mechanisms in the case of violence between intimates or family members.
Perceived vulnerability to immigration policies among postpartum Hispanic/Latina women in the MADRES pregnancy cohort before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hernandez-Castro Ixel , Toledo-Corral Claudia M , Chavez Thomas , Habre Rima , Grubbs Brendan , Al-Marayati Laila , Lerner Deborah , Lurvey Nathana , Lagomasino Isabel , Eckel Sandrah P , Dunton Genevieve F , Farzan Shohreh F , Breton Carrie V , Bastain Theresa M 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and Objectives: Research suggests that perceived immigration policy vulnerability has important health implications. Coupled with the mental and physical stressors accompanying the postpartum period and a growing awareness of the discrimination and structural racism experienced by marginalized communities globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 period may have exacerbated stress among vulnerable populations, specifically postpartum Hispanic/Latina women. This study evaluated perceived immigration policy vulnerability (i.e. discrimination, social isolation, and family threats) in early postpartum Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: The Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale (PIPES) was administered cross-sectionally at 1 month postpartum to 187 Hispanic/Latina women in the MADRES cohort. Respondents between September 2018 and March 2020 were classified as “pre-pandemic” ( N = 128), between March 2020 and July 2020 as “early pandemic” ( N = 38), and between August 2020 and November 2021 as “later pandemic” ( N = 21). Average PIPES subscale scores were dichotomized into “higher” and “lower” groups (⩽median, >median) and logistic regression models were performed. Results: Approximately half of participants had incomes of <$50,000 (50.3%) and were Latin American born (54.6%). After adjusting for age, nativity, education, income, postpartum distress, and employment status, early pandemic respondents had 5.05 times the odds of a higher score on the perceived discrimination subscale (95% CI: 1.81, 14.11), 6.47 times the odds of a higher score on the social isolation subscale (95% CI: 2.23, 18.74), 2.66 times the odds of a higher score on the family threats subscale (95% CI: 0.97, 7.32), and 3.36 times the odds of a higher total score (95% CI: 1.19, 9.51) when compared to pre-pandemic respondents. There were no significant subscale score differences between later pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Conclusion: Higher perceived immigration policy vulnerability was reported among postpartum women during the early coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic versus pre-pandemic periods. This suggests greater social inequities during the early pandemic period.
Stress during pregnancy: An ecological momentary assessment of stressors among Black and White women with implications for maternal health
Authors: Omowale Serwaa S , Gary-Webb Tiffany L , Wallace Meredith L , Wallace John M , Rauktis Mary E , Eack Shaun M , Mendez Dara D 
Published: September 2022

Background: Stress can lead to adverse physiological and psychological outcomes. Therefore, understanding stress during pregnancy provides insight into racial disparities in maternal health, particularly Black maternal health. Objectives: This study aimed to describe (1) daily exposure to self-reported stress levels during pregnancy, and (2) sources of stress among participants that identified as Black or White using data collected via ecological momentary assessment. Methods: We leveraged survey data from the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study, a prospective longitudinal study using ecological momentary assessment data collection methods to describe patterns of stress during pregnancy. This article is descriptive and documents patterns of self-reported stress levels and sources of stress. Frequencies and percentages of stress responses were computed to describe these patterns. Results: The sample ( n = 296) was 27% Black ( n = 78) and 63% White ( n = 184). Results were based on at least one measurement of that stress level during pregnancy. A similar number of Black and White participants reported no stress during pregnancy. White (85%–95%) and Black (60%–70%) participants reported low to moderate levels of stress. Black participants (38%) and White participants (35%) reported experiencing high stress. Black and White participants reported similar sources of stress: stress from a partner, too many things to do, a baby or other children, and financial concerns. White participants reported work as a top stressor, and Black participants reported financial issues as a top source of stress. Conclusion: This study provides insight into daily exposure to stress that has implications for maternal health. We described patterns of self-reported stress and sources of stress among Black and White participants. The daily exposures to stress reported by this sample exist within a context of root causes of structural inequities in education, health care, income, wealth, and housing that must be addressed to achieve maternal health equity.
Comparison of endoscopic and open surgery in life-threatening large spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage: A propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Lin Kun , cheng Lin Zhi , hai Tang Yin , Wei De , Gao Chuang , Jiang Rongcai 
Published: September 2022

Background: Conventionally, open surgery (OS), including standard craniotomy (SC) and decompressive craniectomy (DC) with hematoma evacuation, is adopted to treat life-threatening large spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Recently, endoscopic surgery (ES), a minimally invasive surgical treatment, has gained increased popularity. However, the safety and efficacy of ES for life-threatening large ICH is uncertain. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ES for life-threatening large ICH and compare it with traditional OS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of consecutive supratentorial ICH patients with preoperative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ⩽ 8, who underwent ES or OS between May 2015 and October 2021. To minimize bias in case selection, propensity score matching was performed (ratio 1:2, caliper o.2). The primary outcome was a prognosis-based dichotomized (favorable or unfavorable) outcome of the 5-point Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 6 months. Favorable outcome was defined as a GOS score of 4 to 5 at 6 months. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to ensure the robustness of the findings. Results: Of 695 patients who underwent surgical treatment for spontaneous ICH, 191 patients were identified to be eligible, with 58 patients in the ES group and 133 patients in the OS group. Propensity score matching improved covariate balance and generated a comparable cohort (53 ES and 106 OS) for all analyses. The ES group had a higher incidence of the primary outcome of favorable outcome at 6 months (ES 20/53 (37.7%) vs. OS 22/106 (20.8%); propensity score–matched relative risk (RR) (95% CI) = 1.74 (1.13–2.68); p = 0.013). Sensitivity analysis showed the result was stable. Conclusion: ES is a safe treatment for life-threatening large spontaneous supratentorial ICH patients and may achieve better outcomes than OS.
Are Current Prophylactic Programs Effective in Preventing Patellar Tendinopathy in Athletes and Recruits? A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Lyu Buwei 
Published: September 2022

Context: Patellar tendinopathy (PT), or jumper’s knee, is a chronic painful overuse patellar tendon injury. For PT, prevention is more important than treatment. However, there is still a lack of strong evidence to confirm the effectiveness of prevention. Objective: This study will analyze by meta-analysis the effect of a prophylactic program on high PT risk people (but without PT) in reducing PT occurrence. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Ebscohost, from inception to January 11, 2022. Study Selection: A study comparing the effects of prophylactic programs and controls on the risk of PT was included in the analysis. After a database search with search terms ((patellar tendinopathy) OR (jumper’s knee) OR (patellar tendinitis) OR (patellar tendinosis) OR (patellar tendonitis)) AND ((Prevent*) OR (prophyla*)), a total of 1444 items were obtained. Of these, 11 studies with 6091 participants were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Data Extraction: The first author’s name, publication year, study design, country, population, mean age, sex, prophylactic program, control, study duration, and the frequency or incidence of PT in each group were extracted. Results: A total of 11 articles were included in the analysis. Overall, no significant difference was considered in the risk of PT between the prophylactic program and control groups based on the random-effect model (odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.67, 1.08; P = 0.18). In the recruit subgroup, there was even a tendency to elevate the risk of PT occurrence after prophylaxis was executed (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.68, 5.28; P = 0.22). In athletes, the prophylactic program tended to decrease the risk of PT compared with the control (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.63, 1.04; P = 0.10); however, the difference was not statistically significant. Trial sequential analysis results suggested that prophylaxis may still be effective for athletes, but this needs to be confirmed with a larger sample size. Conclusion: The risk of PT cannot be reduced with the current prophylactic program. However, for athletes, the negative results may be due to insufficient sample size.
International migrants and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations: Social Media, motivated information management, and vaccination willingness
Authors: Seo Hyunjin , Liu Yuchen , Ittefaq Muhammad , Shayesteh Fatemeh , Kamanga Ursula , Baines Annalise 
Published: September 2022

Objective This study examines how those who were born outside the United States and migrated to the country in the past decade used social media and other online sites to deal with uncertainties around the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In particular, we examine how they used digital communication technologies to tap into online resources and social connections both in the United States and their origin country and how various aspects of online information management were associated with their willingness to get vaccinated against the virus. Method We conducted an online survey and in-depth interviews with international migrants aged 18–64 years who moved to the United States in 2011 or later and were living in two neighboring states in the US Midwest as of spring 2021. Since this research involves understanding how these international migrants dealt with uncertainties related to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccinations, we collected the survey and interview data when each state had a vaccination rate of less than 10% and very limited vaccination eligibility for those aged 64 years and below. Results Our results show that international migrants” perceived uncertainty, positive and negative emotions, efficacy, and outcome expectancy affect their information seeking related to the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. In addition, issue salience moderates the effect between information seeking and vaccine willingness. Conclusion This research provides relevant and timely scholarly and policy implications that help advance research in this area and better support international migrant communities during public health crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
A Clinically Applicable Predictive Score in Lumbar Disc Disease for Formulating a Surgical Plan
Authors: Subramaniam Macherla Haribabu , Moirangthem Victor , Ramakrishnan Bala subramaniam , Venkatesan Muralidharan 
Published: September 2022

Study Design Case control study Objective Micro-lumbar discectomy or Interbody fusion procedure are work-horse surgical procedures in management of lumbar disc disease. Spine surgeon in their early years of practice gets confused in choosing ideal surgical plan when dealing with a complex scenario. A clinical score is needed to guide spine surgeons in choosing an optimal surgical plan. Materials and methods Study was done with research grant approval from AO Spine. A predictive score was formulated as per hypothesis following a pilot study. Two fellowship trained spine surgeons-one using the score (Group A) and other not using score (Group B-control) treated 40 patients included in their respective group. All patients were analysed preoperatively, post-surgery at 12 months follow-up with Visual analog scale score for back pain, leg pain, Oswestry disability index score, SF-36 score. Change in parameters at 12 months follow-up were analysed statistically. P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. Success rate of individual surgeon who managed respective group of patients and Difficulty index of surgeon who managed without using score was evaluated at 12 months follow-up. Results Success rate of Group A-surgeon was higher than Group B-surgeon .15% of Group B patients had poor surgical outcome at follow-up. Statistically significant improvement in Group A patients were seen in all 3 evaluated parameters when compared to Group B patients at 12 months of follow-up ( P ≤ .05). Difficulty index of surgeon who didn’t use the score was 15%. Conclusion The proposed predictive score comprising all risk factors, can be used by spine surgeons when they are confronted with difficult scenario in decision-making. Accuracy, reliability and validity of the score needs to be evaluated in a larger scale. Level of evidence Ⅲ
Lumbar Decompression versus Decompression and Fusion in Octogenarians: Complications and Clinical Course With 3-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Lenga Pavlina , Gülec Gelo , Bajwa Awais A. , Issa Mohammed , Oskouian Rod J. , Chapman Jens R. , Kiening Karl , Unterberg Andreas W. , Ishak Basem 
Published: September 2022

Study Design Retrospective review. Objectives This study aimed to assess and compare the clinical course and complications between surgical decompression and decompression with fusion in lumbar spine patients aged ≥80 years. Methods A retrospective review of electronic medical records at a single institution was conducted between September 2005 and December 2021. Logistic regression was used to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of complications. Results Over a 16-year period, 327 patients were allocated to the decompression only group and 89 patients were allocated to the decompression and instrumented fusion group. The study had a mean follow-up duration of 36.7 ± 12.4 months. When assessing the CCI, patients of the instrumentation group had fewer comorbidities (8.9 ± .5 points vs 6.2 ± 1.5 points; P < .001), significantly longer surgical duration (290 ± 106 minutes vs 145 ±50.2 minutes; P < .001), significantly higher volume of intraoperative blood loss (791 ± 319.3 ml vs 336.1 ± 150.8 ml; P < .001), more frequent intraoperative blood transfusion (7 ± 2.1% vs 16± 18.0%; P < .001), and extended stays in the intensive care unit and hospitalization rates. Logistic regression analysis revealed that surgical duration and extent of surgery were unique risk factors for the occurrence of complications. Conclusions Lumbar decompression and additional fusion in octogenarians are considerable treatment techniques; albeit associated with increased complication risks. Prolonged operative time and extent of surgery are critical confounding factors associated with higher rates of postoperative complications. Surgery should only be performed after careful outweighing of potential benefits and risks.
A Multi-Disciplinary Review of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing: Practical Considerations for Spine Surgery
Authors: Ali Daniyal Mansoor , Leibold Adam , Harrop James , Sharan Ashwini , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Sivaganesan Ahilan 
Published: September 2022

Study Design A multi-disciplinary review. Objectives To provide a roadmap for implementing time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) for spine surgery. This is achieved by organizing and scrutinizing publications in the spine, neurosurgical, and orthopedic literature which utilize TDABC and related methodologies. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles. The articles were selected by two independent researchers. After article selection, data was extracted and summarized into research domains. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) systematic review process was followed. Results Of the 524 articles screened, thirty-five articles met the inclusion criteria. Each included article was examined and reviewed to define the primary research question and objective. Comparing different procedures was the most common primary objective. Direct observation along with one other strategy (surveys, interviews, surgical database, or EMR) was most commonly employed during process map development. Across all surgical subspecialties (spine, neurologic, and orthopedic surgery), costs were divided into direct cost, indirect cost, cost to patient, and total costs. The most commonly calculated direct costs included personnel and supply costs. Facility costs, hospital overhead costs, and utilities were the most commonly calculated indirect costs. Transportation costs and parental lost wages were considered when calculating cost to patient. The total cost was a sum of direct costs, indirect costs, and costs to the patient. Conclusion TDABC provides a common platform to accurately estimate costs of care delivery. Institutions embarking on TDABC for spine surgery should consider the breadth of methodologies highlighted in this review to determine which type of calculations are appropriate for their practice.
The perception of professionals and users of the quality of care and respect for human rights in four outpatient care facilities of an Italian hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Carta Mauro G , Sancassiani Federica , Melis Paola , Aviles-Gonzales Cesar I , Urban Antonio , Minerba Luigi , D’Oca Silvia , Atzeni Michela , Velluzzi Fernanda , Ferreli Caterina , Serrentino Roberta , Coghe Ferdinando , Cossu Giulia 
Published: September 2022

Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, delays in providing medical services, dissatisfaction, criticism toward health workers (HW) and the risk of burnout of HW in Italy have been documented. No studies have contrasted the point of view of HW and users on the quality of care and respect for human rights in health facilities. Objective: To compare the perception of users of their satisfaction with the care provided with the perception of HW of their satisfaction with work as well as the perception of the respect of HW “s and users” human rights. Methods: The “Well-Being at work and respect for human rights questionnaire” (WWRR) was administered on a sample of users (142) and HW (154) in four outpatient health care facilities of a hospital in Sardinia, Italy. Results: Users showed higher scores than HW on their satisfaction with the care received ( p < 0.0001), the perception of respect for their human rights ( p < 0.0001), and availability of resources for care ( p < 0.0001). The HW scores were higher than 50% of the maximum in all items, but a relatively low score was reported on the HW’s satisfaction of the resources and the respect for their rights. Conclusion: The satisfaction for care and respect for human rights in the outpatient health services was higher than expected. The relatively low score by the HWs in relation to the satisfaction with the resources and perception of respect for their human rights could be a wake-up call. The study does not involve emergency rooms, wards, or Covid units.
New Medical Device and Therapeutic Approvals in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review of 2021
Authors: Choi Alexander M. , Brenner Michael J. , Gorelik Daniel , Erbele Isaac D. , Crowson Matthew G. , Kadkade Prajoy , Takashima Masayoshi , Santa Maria Peter L. , Hong Robert S. , Rose Austin S. , Ostrander Benjamin T. , Rabbani Cyrus C. , Morrison Robert J. , Weissbrod Philip A. , Tate Alan D. , Kain Joshua J. , Lina Ioan A. , Shaffer Scott R. , Ahmed Omar G. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate new medical devices and drugs pertinent to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery that were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2021.Data SourcesPublicly available FDA device and drug approvals from ENT (ear, nose, and throat), anesthesia, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and general surgery FDA committees.Review MethodsFDA device and therapeutic approvals were identified and reviewed by members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery’s Medical Devices and Drugs Committee. Two independent reviewers assessed the relevance of devices and drugs to otolaryngologists. Medical devices and drugs were then allocated to their respective subspecialty fields for critical review based on available scientific literature.ConclusionsThe Medical Devices and Drugs Committee reviewed 1153 devices and 52 novel drugs that received FDA approval in 2021 (67 ENT, 106 anesthesia, 618 general surgery and plastic surgery, 362 neurosurgery). Twenty‐three devices and 1 therapeutic agent relevant to otolaryngology were included in the state of the art review. Advances spanned all subspecialties, including over‐the‐counter hearing aid options in otology, expanding treatment options for rhinitis in rhinology, innovative laser‐safe endotracheal tubes in laryngology, novel facial rejuvenation and implant technology in facial plastic surgery, and advances in noninvasive and surgical treatment options for obstructive sleep apnea.Implications for PracticeFDA approvals for new technology and pharmaceuticals present new opportunities across subspecialties in otolaryngology. Clinicians’ nuanced understanding of the safety, advantages, and limitations of these innovations ensures ongoing progress in patient care.