bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical role of ambulatory reflux monitoring in PPI non‐responders: recommendation statements
Authors: Yadlapati Rena , Gawron Andrew J. , Gyawali C. Prakash , Chen Joan , Clarke John , Fass Ronnie , Jain Anand , Lynch Kristle , Khan Abraham , Katz Philip O. , Katzka David A. , Richter Joel , Schnoll‐Sussman Felice , Spechler Stuart J. , Vaezi Michael F. , Vela Marcelo , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundOptimal ambulatory reflux monitoring methodology in symptomatic reflux patients continues to be debated.AimsTo utilise published literature and expert opinion to develop recommendation statements addressing use of ambulatory reflux monitoring in clinical practiceMethodsThe RAND Appropriateness Method (RAM) was utilised among 17 experts with discussion, revision and two rounds of ranking of recommendation statements. Ambulatory reflux monitoring protocol, methodology and thresholds ranked as appropriate by ≥80% of panellists met the criteria for appropriateness.ResultsProlonged (96‐h recommended) wireless pH monitoring off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) was identified as the appropriate diagnostic tool to assess the need for acid suppression in patients with unproven gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and persisting typical reflux symptoms despite once‐daily PPI. Acid exposure time (AET) <4.0% on all days of monitoring with negative reflux‐symptom association excludes GERD and does not support ongoing PPI treatment. Conversely, AET >6.0% across ≥2 days is conclusive evidence for GERD and supports treatment for GERD, while AET >10% across ≥2 days identifies severe acid burden that supports escalation of anti‐reflux treatment. In previously proven GERD, impedance‐pH monitoring on PPI is helpful in defining refractory GERD and mechanisms of continued symptoms; the presence of <40 reflux events, AET <2.0% and a negative reflux‐symptom association does not support escalation of anti‐reflux treatment. In contrast, AET > 4.0% and positive reflux‐symptom association support escalation of anti‐reflux treatment, including use of invasive therapeutics.ConclusionsStatements meeting appropriateness for average clinical care have been identified when utilising reflux monitoring in patients with typical reflux symptoms and PPI non‐response.
A paradigm shift in pharmacogenomics: From candidate polymorphisms to comprehensive sequencing
Authors: Zhou Yitian , Koutsilieri Stefania , Eliasson Erik , Lauschke Volker M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGenetic factors have long been recognized as important determinants of interindividual variability in drug efficacy and toxicity. However, despite the increasing number of established gene–drug associations, candidate polymorphisms can only explain a fraction of the genetically encoded functional variability in drug disposition. Advancements in genetic profiling methods now allow to analyse the landscape of human pharmacogenetic variations comprehensively, which opens new opportunities to identify novel factors that could explain the “missing heritability.” Here, we provide an updated overview of the landscape of pharmacogenomic variability based on recent analyses of population‐scale sequencing projects. We then summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art how the functional consequences of variants with unknown effects can be quantitatively estimated while discussing challenges and peculiarities that are specific to pharmacogenes. In the last sections, we discuss the importance of considering ethnogeographic diversity to provide equitable benefits of pharmacogenomics and summarize current roadblocks for the implementation of sequencing‐based guidance of clinical decision‐making. Based on the current state of the field, we conclude that testing is likely to gradually shift from the interrogation of selected candidate polymorphisms to comprehensive sequencing, which allows to consider the full spectrum of pharmacogenomic variations for a true personalization of genomic prescribing.
The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve is generally left‐shifted inCOVID‐19 patients at admission to hospital, and this is associated with lower mortality
Authors: Valle Andrea , Rodriguez Javier , Camiña Félix , Rodriguez‐Segade Miguel , Ortola Juan B. , Rodriguez‐Segade Santiago 
Published: August 2022

SummaryLung damage caused by SARS‐Cov‐2 virus results in marked arterial hypoxia, accompanied in many cases by hypocapnia. The literature is inconclusive as to whether these conditions induce alteration of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen. We studied the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curves (ODCs) of 517 patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) for whom arterial blood gas analysis (BGA) was performed upon hospitalization (i.e., before treatment). With respect to a conventional normal p50 (pO2at 50% saturation of haemoglobin) of 27 mmHg, 76% had a lower standardized p50 (p50s) and 85% a lowerin vivop50 (p50i). In a 33‐patient subgroup with follow‐up BGAs after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days' treatment, p50s and p50i exhibited statistically significant differences between baseline values and values recorded at all these time points. The 30‐day Kaplan–Meier survival curves of COVID‐19 patients stratified by p50i level show a higher probability of survival among patients who at admission had p50 values below 27 mmHg (p = 0.012). Whether the observed alteration of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen in COVID‐19 patients is a direct or indirect effect of the virus on haemoglobin is unknown.
Trade creation and trade diversion in deep agreements
Authors: Mattoo Aaditya , Mulabdic Alen , Ruta Michele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPreferential trade agreements have boomed in recent years and extended their reach well beyond tariff reduction, to cover policy areas such as investment, services, competition and intellectual property rights. This paper uses new information on the content of preferential trade agreements to examine the trade effects of deep agreements and revisit the classic Vinerian question of trade creation and trade diversion. Our results indicate that deep agreements lead to more trade creation and less trade diversion than shallow agreements. Furthermore, some provisions of deep agreements have a public good aspect and increase trade also with non‐members.
Researching governance in difficult times and places: Reflections from Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, and Pakistan
Authors: Mohmand Shandana Khan , Anderson Colin 
Published: August 2022

SummaryMotivationFragility and closing civic space present significant challenges for research, making research processes more onerous and difficult, particularly on social and political issues. And yet these contexts may be those that may most need to be researched to understand the trend in democratic backsliding being witnessed in many parts of the world.PurposeHow can researchers navigate difficult contexts characterized by fragility and closing space to conduct rigorous yet safe research? We contribute to a growing literature on this question by exploring researcher strategies in contexts characterized by both fragility and closing civic spaces, as well as the obstacles and challenges they face.Methods and approachWe draw on the reflections and experiences of researchers directly engaged in managing and undertaking research on social and political action in four contexts affected by varying levels of conflict and violence over a five‐year period. Their insights were gathered through observations, informal interviews and discussions over that time, and a focus group discussion.FindingsBased on the experiences of these researchers we argue that fragile citizen–state relations make the research process and its associated relationships themselves more fragile, indeterminate, and tentative. We note challenges of access, both formal and informal, low trust, and ethical dilemmas. We then highlight four strategies that stand out as common in navigating these challenges and undertaking research successfully.Policy implicationsWe argue that research in fragile contexts with closing civic spaces needs long‐term collaboration with local partners that includes building the capacity of emerging researchers and maintaining close accompaniment to create relationships of equality and a community of practice. This requires such research to be more rather than less involved and engaged with participants and research partners located in these contexts, in contrast to suggestions elsewhere that more remote or virtual engagement is the answer. But this research needs to take account upfront of the inherent challenges and uncertainty of research process, and where findings can be safely shared.
Do house prices affect campaign contributions?
Authors: Lessem Rebecca , Niebler Sarah , Urban Carly 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividual campaign contributions are the largest source of financing for U.S. presidential and congressional candidates, though the body of research examining why people give remains small. To help understand these decisions, we estimate the causal impact of house prices on donations across campaigns and parties using an instrumental variables strategy. Our results indicate that an increase in house prices increases ZIP code‐level donations to Democratic presidential and congressional candidates, with minuscule or no effect for Republican candidates. The effects in areas with a greater proportion of renters are larger than areas with more homeowners. Since this population is likely to experience higher rents as a result of house price increases, this suggests that pleas for policy may inspire giving. Further, areas with the highest fraction of college educated residents also see the largest effects, when compared to less‐educated areas, suggesting a wealth effect exists as well.
Partnership of schools and civil society organisations to support education of students of varied linguistic backgrounds—The situation in the Czech Republic, Italy and Spain
Authors: Wolf Janet , Casado‐Muñoz Raquel , Pedone Francesca 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article reports on research examining the intensity and forms of partnership between civil society organisations (particularly non‐profit non‐governmental organisations with a focus on students with a different mother tongue) and schools in three European geographical areas, answering three research questions: (1) What services do non‐profits offer for teachers? (2) How do non‐profits see the current cooperation? (3) Do teachers know about the existence of non‐profits in this area and are they interested in such cooperation? A mixed methods research approach was used. A questionnaire was used for eliciting responses from 34 non‐profit organisations (nine in Czech Republic, nineteen in Spain, six in Italy); and fifteen teachers (five for each country) were interviewed. The findings reveal a great potential of non‐profit organisations as partners in education for covering important themes from intercultural education. All interviewed teachers were in favour of cooperating with the non‐profit sector even though most had never collaborated with non‐profits. Several teachers had experienced difficulties in teaching students of varied linguistic backgrounds. Non‐profits acknowledged that collaboration with teachers and schools had not been ideal and suggested strategies which might empower such partnerships.
Strength and morphology of a suprahyoid muscle and their relationship to forward head posture in healthy older adults
Authors: Tamai Tomoe , Hara Koji , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Namiki Chizuru , Yamaguchi Kohei , Yoshimi Kanako , Yanagida Ryosuke , Hasegawa Shohei , Nakane Ayako , Okumura Takuma , Ishii Miki , Tohara Haruka 
Published: August 2022

AimForward head posture, an abnormality in head and trunk positioning, adversely affects suprahyoid muscle activity. Jaw‐opening force, which reflects suprahyoid muscle strength, is a useful index of dysphagia. However, the relationship between forward head posture and strength and morphology of suprahyoid muscles remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the relationship between forward head posture, jaw‐opening force and morphology of suprahyoid muscles.MethodsDuring October 2018, we enrolled older adults aged ≥65 years. The craniovertebral angle was measured, and an angle <49° was defined as forward head posture. Jaw‐opening force was also measured. The geniohyoid muscle (GHM) was selected to represent the suprahyoid muscles, and its cross‐sectional area and length were measured using ultrasonography. Sarcopenia was also determined based on the criteria of the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between morphological characteristics of the suprahyoid muscle and jaw‐opening force as well as the association between the former and forward head posture.ResultsData of 87 participants were analyzed. Sex, cross‐sectional area and length of the GHM, and sarcopenia were significantly associated with jaw‐opening force. In addition, sex and forward head posture were significantly associated with the length of the GHM.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that an overextended length of suprahyoid muscles mediates the relationship between forward head posture and jaw‐opening force. Forward head posture is easily visualized and can be a useful indicator of decline in suprahyoid muscle strength. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 779–784.
Improved functional properties of wheat gluten hydrolysate by covalent conjugation with chlorogenic acid
Authors: He Dong , Xing Yifan , Wang Yi , Zeng Wen , Gao Wei , Su Nan , Zhang Chong , Chen Haihong , Xing Xin‐Hui 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAppropriate modification of wheat gluten with polyphenols or other natural compounds can greatly increase its functional properties and provide a high‐quality protein source at a relative lower price. In this paper, covalent modification of wheat gluten hydrolysate (WGH) was performed with chlorogenic acid (CGA) by free‐radical grafting. The structural changes in WGH by conjugating with CGA were characterised by ultraviolet spectrum, FTIR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and fluorescence scanning, as well as physicochemical properties and biological functions. Results showed that WGH‐CGA conjugates had higher thermal stability, better emulsifying and foaming capabilities, stronger antioxidant activity and lower allergenicity than the non‐conjugated WGH. These findings indicated that the WGH‐CGA conjugates had potential use value as functional food materials and additives in the food industry.
Barriers to self‐monitoring implementation in the oral anticoagulated population: A qualitative study
Authors: Magon Arianna , Arrigoni Cristina , Durante Angela , Falchi Chiara , Dellafiore Federica , Stievano Alessandro , Caruso Rosario 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore and understand the barriers perceived by Italian nurses to adopting self‐monitoring for managing oral anticoagulation in real‐life settings.BackgroundBarriers to self‐monitoring implementation for managing oral anticoagulation have been poorly described.DesignThe study had a qualitative descriptive and exploratory design with a hybrid approach.MethodsA literature review was conducted to identify a priori barriers (deductive approach), while a small and semi‐structured focus group discussion was performed to explore the contextual barriers experienced by Italian nurses (inductive approach). A classic content analysis technique was adopted. Data were collected in 2019.FindingsTwo main categories were identified. Organizational barriers referred to the lack of inter‐professional collaboration and health‐care system strategies to provide clinical pathways for self‐monitoring. Individual barriers encompassed professional characteristics (e.g. university background, professional knowledge, continuum education and accountability/responsibility) and patient characteristics (e.g. patient health literacy and knowledge, engagement/empowerment and educational programmes). Finally, unwarranted clinical variation in oral anticoagulation management arose as a barrier determined by organizational and individual elements.ConclusionsThe results of this study pointed out an urgent public health issue in addressing barriers influencing self‐monitoring practice and in sustaining care models that might enhance the quality improvement of self‐monitoring for managing oral anticoagulation.
Comparison of area measurement methods in the routine assessment of diabetic foot ulcers—A consistency analysis method
Authors: Luo Yi Xin , Li Li , Mai Li Fang , Liu Xing Zhou , Yang Chuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundUlcer area is a critical parameter in diabetic foot ulcer assessment but existing methods have deficiencies for routine measurement.AimWe hypothesized that the Image J‐based Computer Analysis method has a high level of agreement with the commonly used Maximum Length and Width and the Transparent Dressing‐based Square Grid methods and aimed to test the consistency and verify the feasibility of the Image J‐based Computer Analysis method in the routine assessment of ulcers.MethodsOutpatient attendees with diabetic foot ulcers at the Department of Endocrinology of Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital were enrolled between October 2020 and October 2021. The three methods sequentially assessed the area of 65 included ulcers. Results were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance and Bland–Altman plots to perform consistency analysis.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation ulcer area measured using the three methods were 14.79 ± 5.39, 14.35 ± 5.26, and 14.30 ± 5.26 cm2, respectively. The measurement differences among the three groups or between any two were not statistically significant. Bland–Altman plots showed good consistency between the Image J‐based Computer Analysis and the other two methods.ConclusionThe Image J‐based Computer Analysis method can be interchanged with the other methods to assess ulcer areas. It is freely accessible, accurate and home‐operable, thus worth consideration by nurses for routine ulcer area assessment.
A new self‐consistent empirical potential model for multicomponent borate and borosilicate glasses
Authors: Bertani Marco , Pallini Annalisa , Cocchi Marina , Menziani Maria Cristina , Pedone Alfonso 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new self‐consistent empirical potential model based on the BMP potential [Bertani et al., Phys. Rev. Mat. 5 (2021) 045602] has been developed for the simulation of multicomponent borate and borosilicate glasses. We exploited the Bayesian optimization approach to create a set of parameters for the B–O interaction, which depends on the glass composition, and in particular on the R = ([A2O]+[AEO])/[B2O3] (A = alkaline and AE alkaline‐earth ions) and K = [SiO2]/[B2O3] ratios. The obtained force field (FF) has been applied to several borate and borosilicate glass series containing, as modifier oxide, Na2O, Li2O, CaO, and MgO and tested on experimental data, such as the fraction of BO4 (N4), density, non‐bridging oxygen speciation, neutron diffraction spectra, 11B, 29Si, and 17O magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. A comparison with other interatomic potentials available in literature has also been performed. The results show that the FF reproduces well almost all the abovementioned properties, showing excellent agreement with experimental data in a wide range of compositions.
The effects of sublethal doses of imidacloprid and deltamethrin on honeybee foraging time and the brain transcriptome
Authors: Zhang Zu Yun , Li Zhen , Huang Qiang , Zeng Zhi Jiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractColony collapse disorder (CCD) has occurred in the United States since 2006 and has been reported in many countries with varying levels of severity. Although the cause of CCD is multifactorial, pesticide is a major factor that leads to colony collapse. At sublethal doses, pesticide is known to negatively affect honeybee physiological development and behaviour. Previously, we found the insecticides imidacloprid and deltamethrin significantly reduced honeybee dancing and foraging efficiency. In our experiments, the duration of honeybee imbibing food at the feeder declined and the returning period from the feeder to the hive increased in both insecticide groups compared with the control group. As a follow‐up, we performed a deep RNA‐seq analysis to reveal the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying this altered foraging performance. Genes involved in detoxification were upregulated in both the imidacloprid and the deltamethrin‐treatment groups. Gene members in immune pathways, odorant receptors and major royal jelly protein families were significantly downregulated in the treatment groups compared with the controls. This fluctuating gene expression profile shows that multifaceted aspects of honeybee physiology were affected by the two insecticides, which may lead to inaccurate communication and impaired learning and memory. Our findings reveal candidate molecular mechanisms leading to impaired dance performance in honeybees exposed to insecticides.
Factors related to recruitment and retention of patients into diabetes group visits in Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Naik Aaditi G. , Staab Erin , Li Jefferine , Siddiqui Sara , Wan Wen , Schaefer Cynthia T. , Campbell Amanda , Quinn Michael , Baig Arshiya A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesTo examine factors related to recruitment of eligible patients and retention of enrolled patients in diabetes group visits (GVs).MethodAs part of a cluster randomized trial, 272 eligible patients were contacted and 75 patients were eventually enrolled in GVs at six community health centers (CHC). Fisher's exact tests and χ2 tests were used to compare enrolled and nonenrolled patients by patient recruitment method, gender and preferred language. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate characteristics associated with GV attendance such as diabetes self‐empowerment and diabetes‐associated distress. Content analysis was used to analyse patients' open‐ended survey responses, and template analysis was used to analyse CHC staff interviews.ResultsIn terms of recruitment and enrollment analysis, patients who received in‐person contact only and both phone and in‐person contact comprised a greater fraction of the enrolled than unenrolled group, while those who received phone only and both phone and mail comprised a smaller fraction of the enrolled than unenrolled group (p = 0.004). In terms of retention analysis, 70 of the 75 enrolled patients attended at least one GV (93%). The average number of GVs was 3.2 out of 6 visits. Higher GV attendance was associated with lower baseline diabetes empowerment (p = 0.03). Patients' most common self‐reported motivating factors to attend GVs were to learn more about diabetes, gain improved blood glucose control and find support from peers.ConclusionIn‐person recruitment for GVs at CHCs was more effective than recruitment by telephone/mail. Patients who felt less empowered to manage their diabetes were most motivated to attend GVs. These findings could help clinicians implement targeted recruitment of patient populations who are more likely to attend diabetes GVs and tailor self‐management education interventions to their patient populations, particularly for underserved patients who face disparate clinical outcomes.