bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weakly coupled hybrid guided mode resonance optical transmission filter
Authors: He Rong , Chen Cheng , Shen Ruoyu , Hu Ertao , Zhang Rongjun , Chen Liangyao , Guo Junpeng 
Published: February 2022

Hybrid metal-dielectric guided mode resonance devices have an advantage over the all-dielectric guided mode resonance device for having a thin metal grating conductive layer that can be used as an electrode for tunable applications. In this work, we investigate the coupling between the waveguide mode and surface plasmons of the gold nanoslits grating in the hybrid guided mode resonance filter. It is shown that the coupling between the waveguide mode and surface plasmons can be engineered by increasing either the thickness of the low index of the refraction spacing layer or the thickness of the high index of the refraction waveguide layer. Therefore, a narrow spectral linewidth and a high finesse of hybrid guided mode resonance filters can be obtained by increasing the thickness of the low index of the refraction spacing layer or the thickness of the high index of the refraction waveguide layer. A hybrid guided mode resonance transmission filter with a narrow spectral linewidth of 2.8 nm is designed at the 1660.2 nm center wavelength.
Dominant magnetically induced transitions in alkali metal atoms with nuclear spin 3/2
Authors: Sargsyan Armen , Tonoyan Ara , Momier Rodolphe , Leroy Claude , Sarkisyan David 
Published: February 2022

The probabilities of atomic transitions

F
e

−

F
g

=
±
2

between a ground

F
g

and an excited

F
e

level of the

D
2

line of any alkali metal atom are zero when no external magnetic field is applied. In an external magnetic field in the range of 0.1–3 kG, the probabilities of these transitions called magnetically induced (MI) are highly modified. For MI transitions, we previously exhibited the following rule: the probabilities of MI transitions with

Δ
F
=
+
2

are maximal when using

σ
+

-polarized laser radiation, while the probabilities of MI transitions with

Δ
F
=
−
2

are maximal when using

σ
−

-polarized laser radiation. This difference has been termed type 1 MI circular dichroism. It is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that for alkali atoms with a nuclear spin

I
=
3

/

2

(

87

R
b

,

39

K

,

23

N
a

,

7

L
i

) in magnetic fields

>

100

G

, the probability of the strongest

σ
+

MI transition of the group

F
g

=
1
→

F
e

=

3
′

(transition

|

1
,
−
1
⟩
→

|

3
′

,

0
′

⟩

) is about four times higher than the probabilities of the strongest MI

σ
−

-transitions

|

1
,
−
1
⟩
→

|

3
′

,
−

2
′

⟩

and

|

2
,
+
1
⟩
→

|

0
′

,

0
′

⟩

. These properties make the

σ
+

MI transition

|

1
,
−
1
⟩
→

|

3
′

,

0
′

⟩

an interesting candidate for the study of magneto-optical processes in strong magnetic fields.
Nevirapine hair and plasma concentrations and HIV-1 viral suppression among HIV infected ante-partum and post-partum women attended in a mother and child prevention program in Maputo city, Mozambique
Authors: Cuco Rosa Marlene , Loquiha Osvaldo , Juga Adelino , Couto Aleny , Meggi Bindiya , Vubil Adolfo , Sevene Esperança , Osman Nafissa , Temermam Marleen , Degomme Olivier , Sidat Mohsin , Bhatt Nilesh 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPrevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is frequently challenged by irregular access to more effective anti-retroviral therapy. Nevirapine single dose (sdNVP), sdNVP+AZT+3TC for MTCT prophylaxis and NVP+ AZT+3TC for treatment and PMTCT were withdrawn due to low genetic resistance barrier and low efficacy. However current PMTCT lines in Mozambique include DTG+3TC+TDF, TDF+3TC+EFV, DTG +ABC+3TC, and AZT + NVP syrup prophylaxis for exposed babies. We assessed NVP hair and plasma concentrations and association with HIV-1RNA suppression among HIV+ ante-partum and post-partum women under PMTCT in Maputo, Mozambique.MethodsFrom December 2013 to November 2014, prospectively were enrolled 200 HIV+ ante-partum women on 200mg nevirapine and zidovudine 300 plus lamivudine 150mg twice daily at least with 3 months treatment and seen again at 24 weeks post-partum. Self-reported pill-taking adherence, NVP concentrations in hair, plasma, hemoglobin, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 RNA load was evaluated. NVP concentration in hair and plasma was analyzed as categorical quartile variable based on better data fit. NVP concentration was set between ≤3.77 ng/ml in plasma and ≤17,20 ng/mg in hair in quartile one to ≥5.36 ng/ml in plasma and ≥53.21 ng/mg in hair in quartile four. Logistic regression models for repeated measures were calculated. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines we set viral suppression at HIV-1RNA < 1000 c/mL. Outcome was HIV-1 RNA<1000 copies/ml. Predictor was NVP concentration in hair categorized in quartiles.ResultsIn total 369 person-visits (median of 1.85) were recorded. Self-reported adherence was 98% (IQR 97–100%) at ante-partum. In 25% person visits, NVP concentrations were within therapeutic levels (3.77 ng/ml to 5.35 ng/ml) in plasma and (17.20 ng/mg to 53.20 ng/mg) in hair. In 50% person visits NVP concentrations were above 5.36 ng/ml in plasm and 53.21 ng/mg in hair. HIV-1 RNA suppression was found in 34.7% of women with two viral loads, one at enrollment and another in post-partum. Odds of HIV-1 RNA suppression in quartile 4, was about 6 times higher than in quartile 1 (p-value = 0.006) for NVP hair concentration and 7 times for NVP plasma concentration (p-value = 0.012).ConclusionsThe study results alert for potential low efficacy of current PMTCT drug regimens in use in Mozambique. Affordable means for individual monitoring adherence, ART plasma and hair levels, drug resistant and HIV-1 RNA levels monitoring are recommended for prompt identification of inadequate drug regimens exposure patterns and adjust accordingly.
Prevalence and factors associated with underweight, overweight and obesity among 15-49-year-old men and women in Timor-Leste
Authors: Chakraborty Promit Ananyo , Talukder Animesh , Haider Shams Shabab , Gupta Rajat Das 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundUnderweight and overweight both have a long-lasting significant effect on human health at the individual and population levels. However, in the context of Timor-Leste, a country that achieved independence around two decades ago, there is a severe scarcity of evidence regarding the underweight and obesity burden. We conducted this study to find out the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity and their associated factors.MethodsThis study used the nationally representative data of Timor-Leste Demographic Health Survey 2016 data. We conducted descriptive analysis followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis to find out the prevalence and investigate the associated factors. Both crude and adjusted odds ratio of covariates were reported with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThis study analyzed the data from a weighted sample of 16,488 Timorese aged 15–49 years. The prevalence of normal weight, underweight, and overweight or obesity were found to be 55.2% (95% CI: 54.2%-56.2%), 25.5% (95% CI: 24.4%-26.7%), and 19.3% (95% CI: 18.3%-20.3%), respectively. For underweight, age, sex, type of settlement (urban/rural), township, and wealth, marital, and educational status were found to have a statistically significant relationship (p< 0.05) with Body Mass Index(BMI). After adjustment for the covariates in the logistic regression model age, sex, township, and wealth and marital status were found to be statistically significant correlates (p< .05) of underweight. For overweight and obesity, all the background characteristics included in this study (i.e, age, sex, type of settlement, township, and wealth, marital, and educational status) were found to be statistically significant correlates, after adjustment for the covariates.ConclusionThis study concludes that Timor-Leste has a significant underweight and overweight burden which needs to be addressed through appropriate interventions. Further studies are also warranted to delve deeper into the complex interplay of factors associated with underweight and overweight.
A scoping review of telehealth diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Stavropoulos Katherine Kuhl-Meltzoff , Bolourian Yasamin , Blacher Jan 
Published: February 2022

Background
Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the reliability, validity, social validity, and feasibility of using telehealth to diagnose ASD is a critical public health issue. This paper examines evidence supporting the use of telehealth methods to diagnose ASD and outlines the necessary modifications and adaptations to support telehealth diagnosis.

Methods and procedures
Studies were identified by searching PubMed and PsychInfo electronic databases and references lists of relevant articles. Only peer reviewed articles published in English with a focus on using telehealth for the purposes of diagnosing ASD were included. Searches were conducted through June 3rd, 2021.

Outcomes and results
A total of 10 studies were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Of the eight papers that reported on reliability (e.g., accuracy), telehealth methods to diagnose ASD were between 80–91% accurate when compared with traditional in-person diagnosis. Six studies reported on validity (i.e., sensitivity and/or specificity). All six studies calculated sensitivity, with values ranging from 75% and 100%. Five of the six studies calculated specificity, with values ranging from 68.75% and 100%. The seven papers that reported social validity indicated that caregivers, as well as adult participants and clinicians, were mostly satisfied with telehealth. Feasibility was reported by seven studies and suggests that telehealth methods appear largely viable, though some challenges were reported.

Conclusions and implications
Although findings reviewed here are promising, more research is needed to verify the accuracy, validity, and feasibility of utilizing telehealth to diagnose ASD. Studies with larger sample sizes and samples across sites will be critical, as these will allow clinicians to identify subjects most likely to benefit from telehealth as well as those more likely to require an in-person assessment. This research is important not only due to the current pandemic, but also due to increased prevalence rates of ASD and an insufficient number of diagnostic providers—particularly in rural and/or otherwise under-served communities.
Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal
Authors: Bishwokarma Anupama , Shrestha Diwash , Bhujel Kshitiz , Chand Natasha , Adhikari Laxmi , Kaphle Maheshor , Wagle Ayurma , Karmacharya Isha 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Children from low-resource settings are more likely to encounter those factors that adversely influence their ability to acquire developmental potential. This study was conducted to assess the developmental status and its associated factors among children under five years of slum areas of Butwal Sub Metropolitan City, Rupandehi, Nepal.

Methods and findings
We conducted a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study using Developmental Milestone Chart (DMC) among 165 children under five years. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Review Board of Nepal Health Research Council. R software was used for data analysis. The association between developmental status and associated factors were examined with Chi-square and followed by logistic regression. Notably, more than half of the children (56.4%) had delayed development across two or more domains of gross motor, fine motor, language/ speech, and social development. Age, sex, socio-economic status, availability of learning materials, the occurrence of infectious diseases, and height-for-age of children were found to be significantly associated with the developmental status of children under study (p<0.05).

Conclusions
More than half of the children taken under the study had delayed development on different four domains. Findings from the study suggest that there should be similar studies conducted among children living in slum-like conditions. Additionally, programs should be designed as such which aims to mitigate the effect of socio-economic status on child development and has learning and nutritional aspects embedded central to its deliverance.
Using system dynamics modelling to assess the economic efficiency of innovations in the public sector - a systematic review
Authors: Jadeja Nidhee , Zhu Nina J. , Lebcir Reda M. , Sassi Franco , Holmes Alison , Ahmad Raheelah 
Published: February 2022

Background
Decision-makers for public policy are increasingly utilising systems approaches such as system dynamics (SD) modelling, which test alternative interventions or policies for their potential impact while accounting for complexity. These approaches, however, have not consistently included an economic efficiency analysis dimension. This systematic review aims to examine how, and in what ways, system dynamics modelling approaches incorporate economic efficiency analyses to inform decision-making on innovations (improvements in products, services, or processes) in the public sector, with a particular interest in health.

Methods and findings
Relevant studies (n = 29) were identified through a systematic search and screening of four electronic databases and backward citation search, and analysed for key characteristics and themes related to the analytical methods applied. Economic efficiency analysis approaches within SD broadly fell into two categories: as embedded sub-models or as cost calculations based on the outputs of the SD model. Embdedded sub-models within a dynamic SD framework can reveal a clear allocation of costs and benefits to periods of time, whereas cost calculations based on the SD model outputs can be useful for high-level resource allocation decisions.

Conclusions
This systematic review reveals that SD modelling is not currently used to its full potential to evaluate the technical or allocative efficiency of public sector innovations, particularly in health. The limited reporting on the experience or methodological challenges of applying allocated efficiency analyses with SD, particularly with dynamic embedded models, hampers common learning lessons to draw from and build on. Further application and comprehensive reporting of this approach would be welcome to develop the methodology further.
Incurable but treatable: Understanding, uncertainty and impact in chronic blood cancers—A qualitative study from the UK’s Haematological Malignancy Research Network
Authors: Howell Debra A. , McCaughan Dorothy , Smith Alexandra G. , Patmore Russell , Roman Eve 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Most blood cancers are incurable and typically follow unpredictable remitting-relapsing pathways associated with varying need for treatment, which may be distressing for patients. Our objective was to conduct a qualitative study to explore understanding among patients with such malignancies, including the explanations given by HCPs and the impact of uncertain trajectories, to generate evidence that could guide improvements in clinical practice.

Methods
The study is set within a population-based patient cohort (the Haematological Malignancy Research Network), in which care is delivered across 14 hospitals according to national guidelines. In-depth interviews were conducted with 35 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, follicular lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma or myeloma; and 10 accompanying relatives. Purposive sampling ensured selection of information-rich participants and the data were interrogated using reflective thematic analysis.

Results
Rich data were collected and four themes (11 sub-themes) were identified: 1) Knowledge and understanding of chronic haematological malignancies; 2) Incurable but treatable; 3) Uncertainty about the future; and 4) Treatable (but still incurable): Impact on patients. Patients had rarely heard of blood cancer and many expressed difficulty understanding how an incurable malignancy that could not be removed, was treatable, often for long periods. While some were reassured that their cancer did not pose an immediate survival threat, others were particularly traumatised by the uncertain future it entailed, suffering ongoing emotional distress as a result, which could be more burdensome than any physical symptoms. Nonetheless, most interviewees understood that uncertain pathways were caused by the unpredictability of their disease trajectory, and not information being withheld.

Conclusions
Many participants lacked knowledge about chronic haematological malignancies. HCPs acted to reassure patients about their diagnosis, and while this was appropriate and effective for some, it was less so for others, as the cancer-impact involved struggling to cope with ongoing uncertainty, distress and a shortened life-span.
Quantifying rural disparity in healthcare utilization in the United States: Analysis of a large midwestern healthcare system
Authors: Nuako Akua , Liu Jingxia , Pham Giang , Smock Nina , James Aimee , Baker Timothy , Bierut Laura , Colditz Graham , Chen Li-Shiun 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The objective of this study is to identify how predisposing characteristics, enabling factors, and health needs are jointly and individually associated with epidemiological patterns of outpatient healthcare utilization for patients who already interact and engage with a large healthcare system.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical record data from 1,423,166 outpatient clinic visits from 474,674 patients in a large healthcare system from June 2018-March 2019. We evaluated patients who exclusively visited rural clinics versus patients who exclusively visited urban clinics using Chi-square tests and the generalized estimating equation Poisson regression methodology. The outcome was healthcare use defined by the number of outpatient visits to clinics within the healthcare system and independent variables included age, gender, race, ethnicity, smoking status, health status, and rural or urban clinic location. Supplementary analyses were conducted observing healthcare use patterns within rural and urban clinics separately and within primary care and specialty clinics separately.

Findings
Patients in rural clinics vs. urban clinics had worse health status [χ2 = 935.1, df = 3, p<0.0001]. Additionally, patients in rural clinics had lower healthcare utilization than patients in urban clinics, adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, gender, smoking, and health status [2.49 vs. 3.18 visits, RR = 0.61, 95%CI = (0.55,0.68), p<0.0001]. Further, patients in rural clinics had lower utilization for both primary care and specialty care visits.

Conclusions
Within the large healthcare system, patients in rural clinics had lower outpatient healthcare utilization compared to their urban counterparts despite having potentially elevated health needs reflected by a higher number of unique health diagnoses documented in their electronic health records after adjusting for multiple factors. This work can inform future studies exploring the roots and ramifications of rural-urban healthcare utilization differences and rural healthcare disparities.
Stress and substance abuse among workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vinicius Santinelli Pestana Diego , Raglione Dante , Junior Luiz Dalfior , Liberatti Caroline de Souza Pereira , Braga Elisangela Camargo , Ezequiel Vitor Augusto de Lima , Alves Adriana da Silva , Mauro Juliana Gil , Dias José Omar de Araújo , Moreira Paulo Thadeu Fantinato , Madureira Bruno Del Bianco , Paiva Lilian Petroni , de Lucena Bruno Melo Nóbrega , Junior João Manoel Silva , Malbouisson Luiz Marcelo Sá 
Published: February 2022

Objective
Professionals working in intensive care units (ICUs) during the COVID-19 pandemic have been exposed to stressful situations and increased workload. The association between symptoms of traumatic stress disorders, substance abuse and personal/occupational characteristics of Brazilian COVID-19-ICU workers is still to be addressed. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of those conditions and to find if those associations exist.

Methods
In this observational, single-center, cross-sectional study, all professionals working in a COVID-19 ICU were invited to fill an anonymous form containing screening tools for traumatic stress disorders and substance abuse, and a section with questions regarding personal and occupational information.

Results
Three hundred seventy-six ICU professionals participated. Direct exposure to patients infected by COVID-19, history of relatives infected by COVID-19, and sex (female) were significantly associated with signs and symptoms of traumatic stress disorders. 76.5% of the participants had scores compatible with a diagnosis of traumatic stress disorders. Moreover, the prevalence of scores suggestive of Tobacco and Alcohol abuse were 11.7% and 24.7%, respectively.

Conclusion
ICU workers had significantly elevated scores on both screening forms. Providing psycho-social support to ICU professionals may prevent future problems with traumatic stress disorders or substance abuse.
Implementasi Etika Bisnis Islam terhadap Konsep Green Economics
Authors: Azizah Mabarroh , Hariyanto Hariyanto 
Published: February 2022

Dalam perspektif etika lingkungan, manusia harus memperlakukan alam tidak semata-mata dalam kaitannya untuk kepentingan dan kebaikan manusia. Nilai-nilai etika Islam seharusnya berorientasi untuk mengembangkan kesadaran bahwa pelestarian lingkungan juga untuk kepentingan seluruh makhluk yang berimplikasi pada terwujudnya konsep ekonomi hijau (green economics) dan implementasi etika bisnis Islam terhadap green economy dalam pengaturan lingkungan hidup di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif, sedangkan sifat penelitiannya adalah diskriptis analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Islam tidak memandang aktivitas bisnis hanya dalam tataran kehidupan dunia sebab semua aktivitas dapat bernilai ibadah jika dilandasi dengan aturan-aturan yang telah disyariatkan Allah. Etika bisnis Islam adalah tuntutan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh pelaku bisnis dalam menegakkan konsep keseimbangan ekonomi. Bisnis yang berdasarkan etika akan menjadikan sistem perekonomian akan berjalan secara seimbang. 2) Implementasi green economy adalah implementasi energi terbarukan, green economy merupakan rezim ekonomi yang mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan manusia dan kesetraan sosial, dan sekaligus mengurangi resiko lingkungan secara signifikan, dikarenakan green economy adalah perekonomian yang rendah karbon dan tidak menghasilkan emisi serta polusi lingkungan, hemat sumber daya alam, dan berkeadilan sosial.
Student views of a PBL chemistry laboratory in a general education science course
Authors: Ramlo Susan E , Salmon Carrie , Xue Yuan 
Published: February 2022

Several traditional chemistry lab experiences were replaced with a problem-based learning (PBL) experience in a college, general education, conceptual chemistry course. Students worked in small groups on an authentic chemistry problem where each student played a different role (Scientist, Engineering, Marketing Manager, Safety Officer, or Secretary). Mid-semester, the pandemic forced the course online. Q methodology [Q] was used to determine the divergent viewpoints that existed amongst the students regarding their PBL experience. Each student provided their view by sorting related statements into a grid. Three divergent viewpoints emerged from the analyses Two viewpoints are positive about the PBL experience (Motivated learners and Committed to my group) and one is negative (Negative experience due to group dynamics). Descriptions of these views and implications are discussed.