bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in Black men with prostate cancer: A literature review
Authors: Lillard James W. , Moses Kelvin A. , Mahal Brandon A. , George Daniel J. 
Published: September 2022

Black men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer (PCa), with earlier presentation, more aggressive disease, and higher mortality rates versus White men. Furthermore, Black men have less access to PCa treatment and experience longer delays between diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the authors discuss the factors contributing to racial disparities and present solutions to improve access to care and increase clinical trial participation among Black men with PCa. Racial disparities observed among Black men with PCa are multifaceted, evolving from institutional racism. Cultural factors include generalized mistrust of the health care system, poor physician‐patient communication, lack of information on PCa and treatment options, fear of PCa diagnosis, and perceived societal stigma of the disease. In the United States, geographic trends in racial disparities have been observed. Economic factors, e.g., cost of care, recovery time, and cancer debt, play an important role in racial disparities observed in PCa treatment and outcomes. Racial diversity is often lacking in genomic and precision medicine studies. Black men are largely underrepresented in key phase 3 PCa trials and may be less willing to enroll in clinical trials due to lack of awareness, lack of diversity in clinical trial research teams, and bias of health care providers to recommend clinical research. The authors propose solutions to address these factors that include educating clinicians and institutions on the barriers Black men experience, increasing the diversity of health care providers and clinical research teams, and empowering Black men to be involved in their treatment, which are keys to creating equity for Black men with PCa.Lay summary

Prostate cancer negatively affects Black men more than men of other races.

The history of segregation and mistreatment in the health care system may contribute to mistrust among Black men.

Outcomes are worse for Black men because they are less likely to be screened or to receive treatment for prostate cancer.

Black men also are unlikely to participate in clinical research, making it difficult for investigators to understand how Black men are affected by prostate cancer.

Suggestions for addressing these differences include teaching physicians and nurses about the issues Black men experience getting treatment and improving how Black men get information on prostate cancer.
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of the Oral NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor ZYIL1: First‐in‐Human Phase 1 Studies (Single Ascending Dose and Multiple Ascending Dose)
Authors: Parmar Deven V. , Kansagra Kevinkumar A. , Momin Taufik , Patel Hardik B. , Jansari Gaurav A. , Bhavsar Jay , Shah Chintan , Patel Jayesh M. , Ghoghari Ashok , Barot Ajay , Sharma Bhavesh , Viswanathan Kasinath , Patel Harilal V. , Jain Mukul R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZYIL1 is a nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitor, which prevents NLRP3‐induced apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain oligomerization, thus inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. We investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of ZYIL1 after single and multiple doses in healthy subjects. The subjects aged 18–55 years were enrolled in 2 different studies: single and multiple ascending dose. Blood/urine samples were collected at designated time points for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. In the single‐ascending‐dose study, 30 subjects were enrolled (6 subjects each in 5 dose groups). One adverse event was reported during the study. ZYIL1 was well absorbed with median time to maximum plasma concentration at 1–1.5 hours. The exposures were dose proportional across the dose ranges. ZYIL1 is excreted as an unchanged form via the renal route. The mean elimination half‐life was 6–7 hours. In the multiple‐ascending‐dose study, 18 subjects were enrolled (6 subjects each in 3 dose groups). Eleven adverse events were reported by 6 subjects during the study. The accumulation index at steady state for area under the plasma concentration–time curve indicated that ZYIL1 has a marginal accumulation upon repeated dosing. Dose‐proportional exposure was observed across the dose ranges. All subjects showed >90% interleukin (IL)‐1β inhibition in all dose groups for both studies. Inhibition in IL‐1β and IL‐18 was observed throughout the 14 days of treatment in the multiple‐dose study. The safety profile, rapid absorption, marginal accumulation, and significant inhibition of IL‐1β and IL‐18 level support its development for the management of inflammatory disorders.
The first session matters: Therapist responsiveness and the therapeutic alliance in the treatment of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Culina Ines , Fiscalini Elsa , Martin‐Soelch Chantal , Kramer Ueli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe focus of the present research is to investigate the impact of therapist responsiveness at the very first session of therapy on the evaluation of therapeutic alliance from the therapist's perspective and from patient's perspective in the context of guideline‐based treatment for borderline personality disorder.DesignThe study has a correlational and longitudinal design applied to a 10‐session therapy in a naturalistic setting.MethodsA total of four trained raters evaluated therapist responsiveness during the first session of therapy. After each therapy session, therapists and patients filled out the short form of the Working Alliance Inventory measuring working alliance; the sample included 13 therapists and 47 patients. Correlational analysis as well as hierarchical linear modelling exploring the relationship between first session therapist responsiveness and working alliance were performed.ResultsThe global evaluation of responsiveness revealed a significant relationship with the temporal evolution of the alliance rated from the therapists' perspective.DiscussionThere is the necessity to further explore therapist appropriate responsiveness which could potentially explain several psychotherapy research results. Moreover, it could help in finding alternatives in order to facilitate patients' early engagement in therapy as well as facilitating the building process of therapeutic alliance. Finally, an effort should be made in order to study more individualized operationalization of responsiveness.
Using the Collaborative Cross and Diversity Outbred Mice in Immunology
Authors: Hackett Justin , Gibson Heather , Frelinger Jeffrey , Buntzman Adam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Collaborative Cross (CC) and the Diversity Outbred (DO) stock mouse panels are the most powerful murine genetics tools available to the genetics community. Together, they combine the strength of inbred animal models with the diversity of outbred populations. Using the 63 CC strains or a panel of DO mice, each derived from the same 8 parental mouse strains, researchers can map genetic contributions to exceptionally complex immunological and infectious disease traits that would require far greater powering if performed by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) in human populations. These tools allow genes to be studied in heterozygous and homozygous states and provide a platform to study epistasis between interacting loci. Most importantly, once a quantitative phenotype is investigated and quantitative trait loci are identified, confirmatory genetic studies can be performed, which is often problematic using the GWAS approach. In addition, novel stable mouse models for immune phenotypes are often derived from studies utilizing the DO and CC mice that can serve as stronger model systems than existing ones in the field. The CC/DO systems have contributed to the fields of cancer immunology, autoimmunity, vaccinology, infectious disease, allergy, tissue rejection, and tolerance but have thus far been greatly underutilized. In this article, we present a recent review of the field and point out key areas of immunology that are ripe for further investigation and awaiting new CC/DO research projects. We also highlight some of the strong computational tools that have been developed for analyzing CC/DO genetic and phenotypic data. Additionally, we have formed a centralized community on the CyVerse infrastructure where immunogeneticists can utilize those software tools, collaborate with groups across the world, and expand the use of the CC and DO systems for investigating immunogenetic phenomena. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Effect of growth stage, cultivar, and root wounding on disease development in cotton caused by Fusarium wilt race 4 (Fusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectum)
Authors: Zhu Yi , Elkins‐Arce Heather , Wheeler Terry A. , Dever Jane , Whitelock Derek , Hake Kater , Wedegaertner Tom , Zhang Jinfa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFusarium wilt caused by soil‐borne fungusFusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectumrace 4 (FOV4) is an early season disease causing root rot, and seedling wilt and death. However, it was unknown if cotton (Gossypiumspp.) growth stages and root wounding affected genotypic responses to FOV4. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of cotton growth stage, cultivar, and root wounding on FOV4‐associated disease development at 7‐, 14‐, 21‐, and 28‐d post inoculation through five replicated tests in controlled environmental conditions with temperatures at 21 to 23 °C. Seedlings inoculated at the cotyledon stage incurred the highest disease incidence (DI), disease severity rating (DSR), and mortality (MR), followed by seedlings inoculated at the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐true leaf stages in descending order. Root wounding at the cotyledon stage followed by immediate inoculation with FOV4 inoculum made all the tested cultivars and lines highly susceptible. Among the six cultivars tested, FM 2334GLT and Pima DP 359 RF were the most resistant, Pima S‐7 was highly susceptible, and Acala 1517‐08, Acala 1517–18 GLS, and Pima PHY 881 RF were susceptible. The importance of artificial inoculation at a true leaf stage with or without root wounding to identify resistance that may be undetected under field conditions was discussed.
Development and design of a diagnostic report to support communication in dementia: Co‐creation with patients and care partners
Authors: van Gils Aniek M. , Visser Leonie N. C. , Hendriksen Heleen M. A. , Georges Jean , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Rhodius‐Meester Hanneke F. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionClear communication of diagnostic test results and dementia diagnosis is challenging yet important to empower patients and care partners. A personalized diagnostic report could support the communication of dementia diagnostics and aid patients’ understanding of diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to design a diagnostic report in co‐creation with patients and care partners.MethodsWe used a mixed‐methods approach, combining surveys with focus groups in iteration. Phase 1 consisted of an international survey assessing needs among patients (n= 50) and care partners (n= 46), and phase 2 consisted of focus group meetings (n= 3) to co‐create the content and to hands‐on co‐design the layout of the diagnostic report with patients (n= 7) and care partners (n= 7). Phase 3 validated results from phase 2 in a survey among patients (n= 28) and care partners (n= 12), and phase 4 comprised final feedback by dementia (care) experts (n= 5). Descriptive statistics were used to report quantitative results and directed content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.ResultsMost patients (39/50, 78%) and care partners (38/46, 83%) positively valued a diagnostic report to summarize test results. The report should be brief, straightforward, and comprise results of the diagnostic tests, including brain imaging and information on future expectations. Despite a clear preference for visual display of test results, several visualization options were deemed best and were equally comprehended.DiscussionIn this study, we developed a prototype of a personalized patient report through an iterative design process and learned that co‐creation is highly valuable to meet the specific needs of end‐users.
A Novel Organometallic Coordination Polymer as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for C−C Bond Formation
Authors: Yang Xiang‐Kai , Hu Ji‐Hong , Lee Wei‐Te , Liu Yu‐Hsiang , Yen Yung‐Sheng , Chen Tsun‐Ren , Chen Jhy‐Der 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne‐pot solvothermal reaction of 2‐aminopyridine and triethyl orthoformate with Ni(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O afforded a one dimensional (1D) nickel coordination polymer {[Ni(Dpyf′)] ⋅ MeOH}n (Dpyf′=C11H9N4−), 1, which has been structurally characterized by using single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Complex 1 can be considered as a potential heterogeneous catalyst for nitroaldol (Henry) reaction for C−C bond formation.
Hepatic decompensation after transarterial radioembolization: A retrospective analysis of risk factors and outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Reincke Marlene , Schultheiss Michael , Doppler Michael , Verloh Niklas , Uller Wibke , Sturm Lukas , Thimme Robert , Goetz Christian , Bettinger Dominik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a well‐established therapy for intermediate and advanced tumor stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment‐associated toxicities are rare. Previous studies have outlined that the prognosis after TARE is determined primarily by tumor stage and liver function. The subset of patients benefiting from TARE remains to be defined. Sixty‐one patients with HCC treated with TARE between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively included in the study. Hepatic decompensation was defined as an increase of bilirubin or newly developed ascites that was not explained by tumor progression within 3 months after TARE. Predictive factors of hepatic decompensation and prognostic factors were assessed. Hepatic decompensation was observed in 27.9% (n = 17) of TARE‐treated patients during follow‐up. Albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) score at baseline and radiation dose on nontumor liver proved to be independent risk factors for the development of hepatic decompensation in multivariable regression models (ALBI score: odds ratio [OR] 6.425 [1.735;23.797], p < 0.005; radiation dose: OR 1.072 [1.016;1.131], p < 0.011). The occurrence of hepatic decompensation markedly impaired the prognosis of the patients. Survival was significantly worsened. Hepatic decompensation has shown to be an independent negative prognostic factor for death, adjusted for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, age and ALBI grade (hazard ratio 5.694 [2.713;11.952], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hepatic decompensation after TARE for HCC treatment is a highly relevant complication with major effects on the prognosis of patients. Main risk factors are the pretreatment ALBI score and radiation dose. There is an urgent need to define safe cutoff values and exclusion criteria for TARE to limit complications and improve patient outcomes.
Identification of the prognostic, diagnostic, and biological significance of the miR‐148a‐3p/cathepsin A axis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xiulei , Chai Wei , Wang Tiegong , Chen Xiongfei , Zhang Lei , Li Fengshan , Liu Ruhai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA comprehensive analysis of the prognostic, diagnostic, and biological significance of miR‐148a‐3p and cathepsin A (CTSA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was performed using bioinformatics algorithms with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. miR‐148a‐3p and CTSA gene expression in HCC tissues and nontumor specimens was analyzed using TCGA database with R software. CTSA staining analysis was validated using the Human Protein Atlas database. Prognostic, diagnostic, gene set enrichment, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and immune infiltration analyses were implemented using the TCGA database with R software. Based on TCGA data and our cohort populations, CTSA expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissues compared with nontumor specimens. A significant negative correlation between miR‐148a‐3p and CTSA was observed in the TCGA data and our cohort population. Mechanistically, CTSA was a direct gene target of miR‐148a‐3p. Both CTSA and miR‐148a‐3p could serve as prognostic and diagnostic indicators in HCC. miR‐148a‐3p expression was significantly and negatively correlated with the StromalScore, ImmuneScore, and ESTIMATEScore in patients with liver cancer. miR‐148a‐3p mimic‐mediated apoptosis and the inhibition of HCC cell growth and migration were counteracted by CTSA overexpression. The miR‐148a‐3p/CTSA axis was implicated in immune cell infiltration and carcinogenesis of HCC. miR‐148a‐3p and CTSA might be prospective molecular targets to enhance the potency of immunotherapy in HCC.
Therapeutic plasma exchange is a safe and effective bridge therapy in patients with alcohol‐associated ACLF not having immediate prospects for liver transplantation—A case‐control, pilot study
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sharanya , Hans Rekha , Duseja Ajay , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a well‐established treatment modality in acute liver failure patients, but its efficacy in treating acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients is yet to be established.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of TPE in patients with alcohol‐associated ACLF who were nonresponders to standard medical treatment (SMT) and without immediate prospects for liver transplantation.MethodsTwenty‐eight alcohol‐related ACLF (grade II) patients (14 cases and 14 controls) were enrolled in the study. Cases underwent standard volume TPE along with SMT while the controls were on SMT alone. The change (baseline to day 10) in laboratory parameters, cytokine concentrations, clinical severity scores along with 30 and 90 day mortality rates were noted and compared between the two groups. The adverse events (AEs) were noted in the groups and analyzed.ResultsA total of 51 TPE procedures were performed in 14 patients (average of 3.62 procedures/patient). TPE was effective in reduction of serum bilirubin, ammonia, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and severity scores (ACLF Research Consortium, Maddrey's discriminant function, and model for end‐stage liver disease) (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the reduction of serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α concentrations among cases. Among the cases who received the complete TPE interventions, 30‐ and 90‐day mortality rates were lower in the cases as compared to controls albeit only the 90‐day mortality was significantly different. Procedure‐related AEs was observed in 2% of procedures.ConclusionTPE is an effective and well‐tolerated bridge therapy in patients with alcohol‐associated ACLF of moderate severity not improving on SMT and without immediate prospects for liver transplantation.
Histogram Analysis Based on Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density MR Imaging for Differentiation Between Glioblastoma Multiforme and Solitary Brain Metastasis and Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of Two ROI Placements
Authors: Qi Jinbo , Wang Peipei , Zhao Guohua , Gao Eryuan , Zhao Kai , Gao Ankang , Bai Jie , Zhang Huiting , Yang Guang , Zhang Yong , Ma Xiaoyue , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPreoperative differentiation of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and solitary brain metastasis (SBM) contributes to guide neurosurgical decision‐making.PurposeTo explore the value of histogram analysis based on neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) in differentiating between GBM and SBM and comparison of the diagnostic performance of two region of interest (ROI) placements.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 109 patients with GBM (n = 57) or SBM (n = 52) were enrolled.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T scanners. T2‐dark‐fluid sequence, contrast‐enhanced T1 magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient echo sequence, and NODDI.AssessmentROIs were placed on the peritumoral edema area (ROI1) and whole tumor area (ROI2, included the cystic, necrotic, and hemorrhagic areas). Histogram parameters of each isotropic volume fraction (ISOVF), intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), and orientation dispersion index (ODI) from NODDI images for two ROIs were calculated, respectively.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U test, independent t‐test, chi‐square test, multivariate logistic regression analysis, DeLong's test.ResultsFor the ROI1 and ROI2, the ICVFmin and ODImean obtained the highest area under curve (AUC, AUC = 0.741 and 0.750, respectively) compared to other single parameters, and the AUC of the multivariate logistic regression model was 0.851 and 0.942, respectively. DeLong's test revealed significant difference in diagnostic performance between optimal single parameter and multivariate logistic regression model within the same ROI, and the multivariate logistic regression models between two different ROIs.Data ConclusionThe performance of multivariate logistic regression model is superior to optimal single parameter in both ROIs based on NODDI histogram analysis to distinguish SBM from GBM, and the ROI placed on the whole tumor area exhibited better diagnostic performance.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 2
A cautionary note to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative test results in pregnant women in an area prevalent of HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chalid Maisuri T. , Turyadi  , Ie Susan I. , Sjahril Rizalinda , Wahyuni Ridha , Nasrum Massi M. , Muljono David H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaternal hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) positivity poses a risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT). In resource‐constrained settings, HBeAg testing is recommended as an alternative to HBV DNA testing to establish antiviral prophylaxis eligibility. Nevertheless, the high prevalence of HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (e‐CHB) in many countries should not be overlooked. We studied HBV characteristics and explored the potential MTCT risk among HBeAg‐negative/HBsAg‐positive expectant mothers in an area prevalent of e‐CHB. Among 1348 pregnant mothers screened for HBV infection, 81 (6.0%) were HBsAg‐positive. These women were examined for HBeAg, HBV DNA, and cord blood HBV DNA. Sixteen (19.8%) of the HBsAg‐positive mothers were HBeAg‐positive, whereas 65 (80.2%) were HBeAg‐negative, including eight inactive carriers (HBsAg <100 IU/ml, HBV DNA ≤ 2000 IU/ml, and ALT < 40 IU/L). Of the remaining 57 HBeAg‐negative mothers, ten revealed HBV Basal Core Promoter or Precore mutations, with three having high viremia (HBV DNA > 200 000 IU/mL), which is associated with a high MTCT risk and therefore qualifies them for antiviral prophylaxis. This pilot study provides a cautionary note to the interpretation of negative HBeAg test results when determining eligibility for MTCT antiviral prophylaxis in situations with limited resources and in regions where e‐CHB is prevalent.