bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations on the pollination and breeding systems of two Corybas species (Diurideae; Orchidaceae) by fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae) in southwestern Yunnan, China
Authors: Han Zhou-Dong , Wu You , Bernhardt Peter , Wang Hong , Ren Zong-Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModes of floral presentation in some angiosperms attract flies that eat and/or oviposit on seasonal fruiting bodies of fungi. Mushroom mimesis by orchid flowers has been speculated in the geoflorous, Indo-Malaysian-Australasian, genusCorybass.l. for decades but most studies remain fragmentary and are often inconclusive. Here we report the roles of fungus gnats as pollinators ofCorybas geminigibbusandC. shanlinshiensisin southwestern Yunnan, China, combining results of field observations, lab analyses, and manipulative experiments. Hand pollination experiments suggested both species were self-compatible but incapable of mechanical self-pollination, thereby requiring pollinators for fruit production. A female of aPhthiniasp. (Mycetophilidae) carried a pollinarium ofC. geminigibbusdorsally on its thorax. Two females and one male ofExechiasp. (Mycetophilidae) visiting flowers ofC. shanlinshiensiscarried dorsal depositions of pollinaria on their thoraces. Mycetophilid eggs were not found in the flowers of either species. The comparative fragrance analyses of these flowers and three co-fruiting mushroom species did not suggest that either orchid species was a brood-site mimic. This is the first confirmation of the dispersal of pollinaria ofCorybasspecies by fungus gnats in subtropical-temperate Asia.
Investigation of risk factors for tunneled hemodialysis catheters dysfunction: competing risk analysis of a tertiary center data
Authors: Mohazzab Arash , Khavanin Zadeh Morteza , Dehesh Paria , Abdolvand Neda , Rahimi Zhaleh , Rahmani Sahar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Hemodialysis tunneled catheters are prone to failure due to infection or thrombosis. Prediction of catheter dysfunction chance and finding the predisposing risk factors might help clinicians to prolong proper catheter function. The multidimensional mechanism of failures following infection or thrombosis needs a multivariable and comprehensive analytic approach.

Methods
A longitudinal cross-sectional study was implemented on 1048 patients admitted for the first hemodialysis tunneled catheterization attempt between 2013 and 2019 in Shahid Hasheminejdad hospital, Tehran, Iran. Patients’ information was extracted from digital and also paper records. Based on their criteria, single and multiple variable analyses were done separately in patients with catheter dysfunction due to thrombosis and infection. T-test and Chi-square test were performed in quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. Competing risk regression was performed under the assumption of proportionality for infection and thrombosis, and the sub-distributional hazard ratios (SHR) were calculated. All statistical inferences were made with a significance level of 0.05.

Results
Four hundred sixty-six patients were enrolled in the analysis based on study criteria. Samples’ mean (SD) age was 54(15.54), and 322 (69.1%) patients were female. Three hundred sixty-five catheter dysfunction cases were observed due to thrombosis 123(26.4%) and infection 242(52%). The Median (range) time to catheter dysfunction event was 243(36–1131) days.
Single variable analysis showed a statistically significant higher proportion of thrombosis in females (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.77–4.00) and younger patients, respectively. Multivariate competing risk regression showed a statistically significant higher risk of thrombosis in females (Sub-distributional hazard (SHR) = 1.81), hypertensive (SHR = 1.82), and more obese patients (BMI SHR = 1.037). A higher risk of infection was calculated in younger (Age SHR = 0.98) and diabetic (SHR = 1.63) patients using the same method.

Conclusion
Female and hypertensive patients are considerably at higher risk of catheter thrombosis, whereas diabetes is the most critical risk factor for infectious catheter dysfunction. Competing risk regression analysis showed a comprehensive result in the assessment of risk factors of catheter dysfunction.
Clinical features, etiology, and prognosis of hand knob stroke: a case series
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Sun Xiaoxin , Liu Xinxiu , Wang Lei , Zhu Rui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHand knob stroke is a rare clinical disorder frequently misdiagnosed as peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this study is to recognize this particular type of stroke by analyzing clinical features, etiology, and prognosis.MethodsWe enrolled 19 patients with acute hand knob stroke in the Department of Neurology of the Beijing Geriatric Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022, and the clinical and imaging data of the patients during hospitalization and follow-up were collected and summarized.ResultsAcute hand knob stroke accounted for 0.9% of all acute stroke, and ischemic stroke (17 cases, 89.5%) was more than hemorrhagic stroke (2 cases, 10.5%). All patients presented sudden contralateral hand paresis, 12 (63.2%) of them had only isolated hand paralysis, and the location of the lesion corresponded to different finger weakness. The cause of hand knob hemorrhage was hypertension, while the causes of hand knob infarction were mainly small-vessel occlusion (SVO) (35.3%) and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (35.3%), and the rare causes include carotid artery dissection and carotid body tumor. After a median follow-up 13.5 months, the prognosis of 94.7% patients was good, and one patient (5.3%) had recurrent stroke.ConclusionsHand knob stroke is a rare stroke with a good prognosis and a low stroke recurrence rate. Ischemic stroke is the predominant type and the main clinical manifestation is hand paresis. The cause of hand knob hemorrhage is hypertensive, while SVO and LAA are the main causes of hand knob infarction, but there are some rare etiologies.
“Alcohol intoxication by proxy on a NICU” - a case report
Authors: Wurst Ulrike , Ackermann Benjamin , Kiess Wieland , Thome Ulrich , Gebauer Corinna 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Ethanol intoxications in newborns are generally due to false preparation of formula with alcoholics or alcohol consumption by the breastfeeding mothers. Rarely, intoxications occur in hospitalized newborns, e.g., from excessive use of alcoholic hand sanitizers. We herein report a strange case of acute ethanol intoxications in our NICU.

Case presentation
An extremely premature infant (23 0/7 weeks gestational age, birthweight 580 g) suffered from repeated life-threatening events with hemodynamic compromise, apnea, and lactic acidosis while being treated in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Symptomatic treatment with intravenous fluids and, if necessary, intubation and catecholamine therapy led to recovery after several hours each time. The episodes eventually turned out to be severe ethanol intoxications brought about by breast milk contaminated with ethanol. The breast milk was supplied by the infant’s mother, who consumed non-trivial amounts of alcohol to build up her strength and make herself produce more milk, which was recommended to her by a family member. Additionally, she supplemented her own mother’s milk with cow’s milk because she was worried her baby was underserved with her milk. The mother admitted to this in intensive conversations with our team and a professional translator.

Conclusions
This unique case underlines how different cultural dynamics can attribute to life-threatening events in the care of premature infants. It is important for us to emphasize that intensive communication and building a confident relationship with the parents of patients is essential to the work on NICUs. Child safeguarding issues and possibilities of intoxications have to stay in mind even in a supposedly safe space like the NICU.
Teacher reports of emotional and behavioral problems in Nepali schoolchildren: to what extent do they agree with parent reports?
Authors: Ma Jasmine , Mahat Pashupati , Brøndbo Per Håkan , Handegård Bjørn H. , Kvernmo Siv , Javo Anne Cecilie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Teacher reports of child emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) are sparse in many low- and middle-income countries, especially when compared to reports from parents. Cross-informant information is pivotal to clinicians when dealing with mentally ill children. In this study from Nepal, we examined teacher reports of child EBPs, the agreement between teacher and parent reports, and how this agreement varied by type of EBP and child gender.

Methods
This cross-sectional, observational study included 3808 schoolchildren aged 6–18 years from 16 districts of Nepal. Teacher and parent reports of EBPs were measured by the Nepali versions of the Teacher Report Form (TRF) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively. Linear mixed model analysis was used for group comparisons and intraclass correlations. Agreement between TRF and CBCL scale scores were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

Results
The prevalence of EBPs according to teacher reports was 15.4%, whereas the previous parent reported prevalence was 19.1%. Also, the mean TRF score was significantly lower than mean CBCL score for the 90 common items. Mean TRF scores for Total Problems, Externalizing Problems, and Internalizing Problems were 26.9 (standard deviation, SD 24.5), 6.1 (SD 7.2), and 7.9 (SD 7.3), respectively. Consistent with parent reports, mean TRF scores for Total Problems and Externalizing Problems were higher among boys than girls, whereas no significant gender differences were found for Internalizing Problems. Teacher-parent agreement was moderate (r = .38), and slightly higher for Externalizing Problems than for Internalizing Problems (r = .37 versus r = .34). Moderate to low correlations were found for all syndrome scales, with coefficients ranging from r = .26 (Social Problems) to r = .37 (Attention Problems). The effect of child gender on the teacher-parent agreement was significant for Internalizing Problems only, with a higher agreement for girls than for boys.

Conclusion
Nepali teachers reported fewer child EBPs than parents. Teacher-parent agreement was moderate and varied by type of EBP and child gender. Our findings underscore the importance of obtaining information on child EBPs from both parents and teachers when evaluating and treating children in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal.
Nutritional status of under six years old children in Kalar city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Fateh Hawal Lateef , Nachvak Mostafa , Abdollahzad Hadi , Rezaeian Shahab , Darand Mina , Bagheri Amir 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Nutritional problems in children cause major morbidity and mortality in the world. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of under six years old children in Kalar city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Methods
In this longitudinal study, data from 403 Iraqi Kurdish children aged 0–72 months and their mothers were extracted from Health Centre in Kalar city undertaken between 2013 and 2019. The children`s growth data were obtained at birth time, 6, 12, 24, and 72 months. Epi Info was used to classify the children of nutritional status by converting the anthropometric measurements into Z-scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software.

Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity rose from birth to age 6 years old, from 19.6% and 7.4% to 52.2% and 30.5%, respectively. At 24 month, children had the highest rates of being overweight (56.1%) and obesity (34%). At 6 month, the highest prevalence of wasting exists (9.5%). At 6 month boys and girls had the highest frequency of stunting, 17.2% and 7.2% respectively. Considering the association of all characteristic variables and growth data at birth time, only mothers with academic education had children with significantly higher BMI for age compared to illiterate mothers after adjusting for all potential confounders (β: 0.573, 95% CI: 0.105, 1.04, P: 0.017).

Conclusion
The study suggests that some analysed factors that accounted for malnutrition in Kalar city’s children are preventable. Therefore, to reduce the burden of malnutrition, community-based education and targeted nutritional interventions are required.
Evidence from the Hamburg City Health Study – association between education and periodontitis
Authors: Walther Carolin , Spinler Kristin , Borof Katrin , Kofahl Christopher , Heydecke Guido , Seedorf Udo , Beikler Thomas , Terschüren Claudia , Hajek Andre , Aarabi Ghazal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
Large-scale population-based studies regarding the role of education in periodontitis are lacking. Thus, the aim of the current study was to analyze the potential association between education and periodontitis with state of the art measured clinical phenotypes within a large population-based sample from northern Germany.

Material & methods
The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is a population-based cohort study registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT03934957). Oral health was assessed via plaque-index, probing depth, gingival recession and gingival bleeding. Periodontitis was classified according to Eke & Page. Education level was determined using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED-97) further categorized in “low, medium or high” education. Analyses for descriptive models were stratified by periodontitis severity. Ordinal logistic regression models were stepwise constructed to test for hypotheses.

Results
Within the first cohort of 10,000 participants, we identified 1,453 with none/mild, 3,580 with moderate, and 1,176 with severe periodontitis. Ordinal regression analyses adjusted for co-variables (age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and migration) showed that the education level (low vs. high) was significantly associated with periodontitis (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18;1.47).

Conclusion
In conclusion, the current study revealed a significant association between the education level and periodontitis after adjustments for a set of confounders. Further research is needed to develop strategies to overcome education related deficits in oral and periodontal health.
Participation of patients during arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation and satisfaction: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Ruan Pengfei , Ji RuiQing , Shen Jing , Wang Xiang , Ji Weifeng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of patient participation in arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) on rehabilitation and patient satisfaction.

Methods
A total of 86 patients of traumatic longitudinal vertical meniscus tears, between January 2017 and December 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients in the intraoperative participation group (n = 33) were awake and could watch the screen during APM and communicate with the surgeon in the surgery; patients who underwent APM in the traditional mode were classified as the traditional group(n = 53). The differences in exercise adherence, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and satisfaction at follow-up were compared. In the intraoperative participation group, the mean age of the patients was 26.97 ± 5.63 years and the follow-up time was 25.12 ± 6.23 months. In the traditional group, the mean age of the patients was 29.21 ± 5.29 years and the follow-up time was 25.08 ± 6.70 months.

Results
The intraoperative participation group reported a better result in exercise adherence (78.79% VS 50.94%, p = 0.012). As secondary outcomes, Patients in the intraoperative participation group demonstrated better scores on the KOOS domains of pain (79.80 ± 6.38 VS 76.26 ± 5.33, p = 0.007), Symptoms (59.41 ± 5.27 VS 56.74 ± 5.97, p = 0.038), and QOL (65.91 ± 10.72 VS 60.26 ± 9.34, p = 0.012), as compared to these in the traditional group. There were no significant differences in the KOOS domains of Sport (72.88 ± 8.20 VS 72.64 ± 7.70, P = 0.892), and ADL (89.47 ± 3.50 VS 87.87 ± 4.50 p = 0.085). what’s more, in the intraoperative participation group, the results of satisfaction (96.97% VS 81.13%, p = 0.025) were also significantly better.

Conclusion
The mode of participation of patients during APM can improve patients’ exercise adherence, reduce pain, improve symptoms and improve patients’ satisfaction as well as the quality of life. More work is needed to develop this mode further.
Prevalence of chronic pelvic pain and primary dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age in Ecuador
Authors: de Las Mercedes Villa Rosero Carmen Yolanda , Mazin Suleimy Cristina , Nogueira Antonio Alberto , Vargas-Costales José Antonio , Rosa-e-Silva Julio Cesar , Candido-dos-Reis Francisco José , Poli-Neto Omero Benedicto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and primary dysmenorrhoea are debilitating conditions that can impair the quality of life of affected women. These conditions are frequently neglected, delaying proper diagnosis and healthcare provision. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CPP and primary dysmenorrhoea in Ecuador and identify potential variables associated with their occurrence.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an urban neighbourhood of Quito, the capital of Ecuador. A total of 2397 participants of 14–49 years of age were included. The data were collected through questionnaires administered by trained interviewers.The crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated using a log-binomial regression model. The correlation between pain intensity catastrophising of symptoms were statistically analysed.

Results
The prevalence of CPP and primary dysmenorrhoea was 9.8% and 8.9%, respectively. Irritative urinary symptoms, primary dysmenorrhoea, and underlying mental disorders were associated with CPP, while smoking, irritable bowel syndrome, sleep disturbance, dyspareunia, and mental disorders were associated with primary dysmenorrhoea.

Conclusions
The prevalence of CPP and primary dysmenorrhoea in Ecuador was similar to that in other Latin American countries. Primary dysmenorrhoea is a risk factor of CPP, and less than a quarter of women are undergoing treatment for the condition. Our findings reinforce the importance of healthcare interventions in anticipating the diagnosis of these conditions in women of reproductive age.
Effects of plant-based medicinal food on postoperative recurrence and lung metastasis of gastric cancer regulated by Wnt/β-catenin-EMT signaling pathway and VEGF-C/D-VEGFR-3 cascade in a mouse model
Authors: Tian Lin , Chen Xuxi , Cao Li , Zhang Lishi , Chen Jinyao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The plant-based medicinal food (PBMF) is a functional compound extracted from 6 medicinal and edible plants: Coix seed, L. edodes, A. officinalis L., H. cordata, Dandelion, and G. frondosa. Our previous studies have confirmed that the PBMF possesses anti-tumor properties in a subcutaneous xenograft model of nude mice. This study aims to further investigate the effects and potential molecular mechanisms of the PBMF on the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
Postoperative recurrence and metastasis model of GC was successfully established in inbred 615 mice inoculated with mouse forestomach carcinoma (MFC) cells. After tumorectomy, 63 GC mice were randomly divided into five groups and respectively subject to different treatments for 15 days as below: model control group, 5-Fu group, and three doses of PBMF (43.22, 86.44, 172.88 g/kg PBMF in diet respectively). The inhibition rate (IR) of recurrence tumor weights and organ coefficients were calculated. Meanwhile, histopathological changes were examined and the metastasis IR in lungs and lymph node tissues was computed. The mRNA expressions related to the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lymphangiogenesis were detected by RT-qPCR in recurrence tumors and/or lung tissues. Protein expressions of β-catenin, p-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41), GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β (Ser9), E-cadherin, and Vimentin in recurrence tumors were determined by Western Blot. LYVE-1, VEGF-C/D, and VEGFR-3 levels in recurrence tumors and/or lung tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry staining.

Results
The mRNA, as well as protein expression of GSK-3β were up-regulated and the mRNA expression of β-catenin was down-regulated after PBMF treatment. Meanwhile, the ratio of p-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) to β-catenin protein was increased significantly and the p-GSK-3β (Ser9) protein level was decreased. And PMBF could effectively decrease the mRNA and protein levels of Vimentin while increasing those of E-cadherin. Furthermore, PBMF markedly reduced lymphatic vessel density (LVD) (labeled by LYVE-1) in recurrence tumor tissues, and mRNA levels of VEGF-C/D, VEGFR-2/3 of recurrence tumors were all significantly lower in the high-dose group.

Conclusions
PBMF had a significant inhibitory effect on recurrence and lung metastasis of GC. The potential mechanism may involve reversing EMT by inhabiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Lymphatic metastasis was also inhibited by PBMF via down-regulating the activation of the VEGF-C/D-VEGFR-2/3 signaling cascade.
Early transcriptional responses of bronchial epithelial cells to whole cigarette smoke mirror those of in-vivo exposed human bronchial mucosa
Authors: van der Does Anne M. , Mahbub Rashad M. , Ninaber Dennis K. , Rathnayake Senani N. H. , Timens Wim , van den Berge Maarten , Aliee Hananeh , Theis Fabian J. , Nawijn Martijn C. , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Faiz Alen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the well-known detrimental effects of cigarette smoke (CS), little is known about the complex gene expression dynamics in the early stages after exposure. This study aims to investigate early transcriptomic responses following CS exposure of airway epithelial cells in culture and compare these to those found in human CS exposure studies.

Methods
Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were differentiated at the air–liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to whole CS. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h hereafter, followed by differential gene expression analysis. Results were additionally compared to data retrieved from human CS studies.

Results
ALI-PBEC gene expression in response to CS was most significantly changed at 4 h after exposure. Early transcriptomic changes (1 h, 4 h post CS exposure) were related to oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism, higher expression of immediate early genes and pro-inflammatory pathways (i.e., Nrf2, AP-1, AhR). At 24 h, ferroptosis-associated genes were significantly increased, whereas PRKN, involved in removing dysfunctional mitochondria, was downregulated. Importantly, the transcriptome dynamics of the current study mirrored in-vivo human studies of acute CS exposure, chronic smokers, and inversely mirrored smoking cessation.

Conclusion
These findings show that early after CS exposure xenobiotic metabolism and pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, followed by activation of the ferroptosis-related cell death pathway. Moreover, significant overlap between these transcriptomic responses in the in-vitro model and human in-vivo studies was found, with an early response of ciliated cells. These results provide validation for the use of ALI-PBEC cultures to study the human lung epithelial response to inhaled toxicants.