bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral condition as a predictor of risk for malnutrition during hospitalization: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Toniazzo Mirian Paola , Amorim Paula Sant'na , Rost Julia Franciele , Feldman Juliane Viero , Beretta Mileni Vanti , Rodrigues Ticiana Costa , Weidlich Patricia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition and poor oral health are common conditions in patients in the hospital. Both conditions are associated with poor systemic health. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the oral condition and the nutrition status of individuals admitted to a large tertiary hospital.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated 364 patients who received a comprehensive dental examination at their hospital bed. An examiner recorded visible plaque index, gingival bleeding index, plaque retentive factors, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, number of existing teeth, and prosthesis use. Medical status was assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index. The nutrition status was evaluated by the Subjective Global Assessment. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated by Poisson regression analysis with robust variance.ResultsPatients with moderate to severe malnutrition presented worse oral hygiene (55.83 ± 25.16 vs 64.90 ± 24.28; P < 0.001), more gingival inflammation (24.31 ± 24.13 vs 33.43 ± 27.36; P < 0.001), higher levels of attachment loss (4.22 ± 1.81 vs 4.80 ± 1.83; P < 0.001), and a lower mean number of teeth (14.58 ± 7.45 vs 10.94 ± 6.85; P < 0.001) than patients without malnutrition. In the multivariable analysis, the number of teeth and higher comorbidity index were associated with malnutrition.ConclusionsPoor oral health and medical condition were associated with malnutrition in this single‐institution study, and oral condition may be considered an indicator of malnutrition in patients in the hospital. The implications of this study include the need to raise awareness among health professionals of the importance of oral health and nutrition status in adults.
Consistent modeling of the coupling between crystallographic slip and martensitic phase transformation for mechanically induced loadings
Authors: de Carvalho Miguel Vieira , de Bortoli Daniel , Andrade Pires Francisco M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA computational framework is proposed to model anisotropic metallic polycrystals subjected to mechanically induced loadings. It enables the simulation of crystal‐plasticity‐like phenomena at finite strains. The unified framework of thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations is formulated such that it couples the crystallographic slip and martensitic transformation theories. The constitutive description for the slip plasticity evolution incorporates an anisotropic hyperelastic law with self and latent‐hardening. The mechanically induced martensite formation kinematics is based on the crystallographic theory of martensitic transformations. The complete set of highly coupled equations is expressed in a single system of equations and solved by a monolithic solution procedure. It is based on the Newton–Raphson methodology and incorporates the complete linearisation leading to asymptotic quadratic rates of convergence. The quasi‐static discretized evolution equations are integrated with a fully implicit scheme, except for the critical resolved slip stresses, which employ the generalized midpoint rule. The plastic flow is integrated with an implicit exponential integrator to exactly preserve the plastic incompressibility. Viscous regularizations for both deformation mechanisms are pursued to overcome numerical difficulties and model the behavior over a wide range of strain‐rate sensitivities. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and predictive capability of the methodology.
Crystal plasticity algorithm based on the quasi‐extremal energy principle
Authors: Petryk Henryk , Kursa Michal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe direct incremental energy minimization in rate‐independent plasticity does not account for the skew‐symmetric part of the tangent stiffness matrix. In crystal plasticity, this corresponds to neglecting the asymmetry of the matrix of interaction moduli for active slip‐systems. This limitation has been overcome in the recently proposed quasi‐extremal energy principle (QEP) applicable to nonpotential problems. In the present article it is shown how to extend QEP to finite increments in the backward‐Euler computational scheme. A related constitutive algorithm is proposed which enables automatic selection of active slip systems using an energetic criterion, along any path of large deformation of a rate‐independent single crystal with a nonsymmetric slip‐system interaction matrix. Numerical examples have been calculated for a fcc single crystal subjected to simple shear or uniaxial tension. The slip system activity predicted by using the QEP algorithm has been found to be more reliable in describing the actual plastic response of metal crystals than conventional rate‐dependent modeling in cases where the selection of active slip‐systems is essential.
Energy optimization for intelligent hybrid electric vehicles based on hybrid system approach in a car‐following process
Authors: Zhou Yazhou , Wang Ruochen , Ding Renkai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractConsidering the hybrid dynamical characteristics of multimode hybrid electric vehicle during a car‐following process, a novel energy management strategy based on hybrid system theory is proposed in this article. Firstly, nonlinear powertrain model and longitudinal dynamics of a single‐shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicle is built, and hybrid characteristics combined with continuous dynamics and discrete events during operating mode transition are described. Secondly, the nonlinear powertrain model and characteristics are approximated by the piecewise affine method, the mixed‐logic dynamic modeling method is introduced and system variables are defined. Then the hybrid dynamical model for multimode hybrid electric vehicle in a car‐following process is established with the hybrid system description language. Thirdly, according to the principle of receding horizon control, a hybrid model predictive controller is designed and applied for optimizing the multiobjective energy management problem in the car‐following process. Finally, the proposed control strategy is compared with a rule‐based control strategy, and the simulation results show that the proposed control strategy achieves fuel efficiency improvement while ensure the dynamic performance, driving safety and ride comfort during the car‐following process, and the designed controller meets the requirement of deep fusion of car‐following and energy management.
Handling in the frontline: A case study of “whistle gathering” in Beijing
Authors: Guo Shenghao , Wen Bo , Wong Natalie Wai‐Man 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe larger role that street‐level bureaucracy has played in urban governance has been one of the focuses of public administration for several decades. This commentary presents a case study of whistle gathering (WG), which helps to eliminate the cooperative dilemma at the microlevel. As an innovative mechanism whereby organizational structures and communication systems are streamlined, WG occurs when departments/agencies convene and coordinate to participate in a joint task force in order to more efficiently respond to and solve every day problems at the community level. Underperforming participants are reprimanded and face administrative consequences. Since WG must meet certain prerequisites for successful implementation, policymakers and researchers are encouraged to further analyze the potential disadvantages of this system.
A natural history study of nitrous oxide versus propofol‐assisted intrathecal therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Miller Lane H. , Winter Stuart S. , Watson Dave , Livingston Mylynda , Nemata Resty , Messinger Yoav 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment requires numerous lumbar punctures (LPs) with intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy to prevent and treat central nervous system disease. Historically, LPs in this setting are performed using propofol sedation at most institutions. At our center, LPs are often alternatively performed under nitrous oxide (N2O). To date, there have been no large‐scale assessments comparing these sedation methods for this purpose.ProceduresRetrospective cohort study of patients aged 0–31 years with ALL treated between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 at the Children's Minnesota Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, including all therapeutic LPs performed in the clinic setting under either propofol or N2O.ResultsAmong 215 patients and 2677 therapeutic LPs, 56.6% (n = 1515) occurred under N2O, with 43.3% (n = 93) of patients using exclusively N2O with all LPs. The incidence of traumatic LPs (red blood cell [RBC] ≥10 cells/μl) was similar between both treatments (27.3% vs. 30.2%). Successful IT chemotherapy delivery (99.7% N2O vs. 99.8% propofol) did not differ between sedation types. Experiencing a traumatic LP under N2O was associated with a sedation switch for the subsequent LP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.40,p = .002), whereas older age (aOR 1.08,p < .0001) and higher body mass index (BMI) percentile (aOR 1.01,p = .009) were associated with increased likelihood for undergoing a traumatic LP.ConclusionN2O is an effective sedation option for therapeutic LPs in children with ALL with noninferiority to propofol in terms of IT chemotherapy administration and traumatic LP incidence. For many patients, N2O can effectively replace propofol during LP procedures, which has important safety and quality‐of‐life implications.
Evaluating the effects of dark chocolate formulated with micro‐encapsulated fermented garlic extract on cardio‐metabolic indices in hypertensive patients: A crossover, triple‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadi Salman , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad , Niakousari Mehrdad , Ghaem Far Zohreh , Azadi Amir , Yousefinejad Saeed , Jafari Peyman , Faghih Shiva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the health‐related effects of microencapsulated fermented garlic extract (FGE) containing dark chocolate in hypertensive adults. For this purpose, 36 hypertensive adults (15 males vs. 21 females) were randomized to receive the FGE (5 g/day) dark chocolate containing 650 mg of FGE powder or the placebo. Intervention periods lasted for 6 weeks and were separated by a 3‐week wash‐out period. The response variables included blood pressure, anthropometric indices, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress indices. Statistical analyses were performed using the Pkcross procedure, and Cohen's d was estimated for all response variables. There was no significant inter‐period difference between the mean changes of body weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, no significant change was confirmed in participants' blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL), serum homocysteine, high‐sensitive c‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). It seems that the dose of FGE used in this study was not sufficient to cause any significant changes in the outcomes. Therefore, further studies with dose–response designs and longer durations are recommended.
DNA Coil Dynamics and Hydrodynamic Gating of Pressure‐Biased Nanopores
Authors: Sharma Vinay , Farajpour Nasim , Lastra Lauren S. , Freedman Kevin J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNanopores are ideally suited for the analysis of long DNA fragments including chromosomal DNA and synthetic DNA with applications in genome sequencing and DNA data storage, respectively. Hydrodynamic fluid flow has been shown to slow down DNA transit time within the pore, however other influences of hydrodynamic forces have yet to be explored. In this report, a broad analysis of pressure‐biased nanopores and the impact of hydrodynamics on DNA transit time, capture rate, current blockade depth, and DNA folding are conducted. Using a 10 nm pore, it is shown that hydrodynamic flow inhibits the early stages of linearization of DNA and produces predominately folded events which are initiated by folded DNA (2‐strands) entering the pore. Furthermore, utilizing larger pores (30 nm) leads to unique DNA gating behavior in which DNA events can be switched on and off with the application of pressure. A computational model, based on combining electrophoretic drift velocities with fluid velocities, accurately predicts the pore size required to observe DNA gating. Hydrodynamic fluid flow generated by a pressure bias, or potentially more generally by other mechanisms like electroosmotic flow, is shown to have significant effects on DNA sensing and can be useful for DNA sensing technologies.
Nanobody and Nanozyme‐Enabled Immunoassays with Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity
Authors: Wang Yidan , Xianyu Yunlei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImmunoassay as a rapid and convenient method for detecting a variety of targets has attracted tremendous interest with its high specificity and sensitivity. Among the commonly used immunoassays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay has been widely used as a gold standard method in various fields that consists of two main components including a recognition element and an enzyme label. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology, nanobodies and nanozymes enable immunoassays with enhanced specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional antibodies and natural enzymes. This review is focused on the applications of nanobodies and nanozymes in immunoassays. Nanobodies advantage lies in their small size, high specificity, mass expression, and high stability. Nanozymes with peroxidase, phosphatase, and oxidase activities and their applications in immunoassays are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and outlooks in terms of the use of nanobodies and the development of novel nanozymes in practical applications are discussed.
Bio‐Inspired Binder Design for a Robust Conductive Network in Silicon‐Based Anodes
Authors: Song Zhibo , Zhang Taohang , Wang Lu , Zhao Yan , Li Zikun , Zhang Meng , Wang Ke , Xue Shida , Fang Jianjun , Ji Yuchen , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the severe volume variations during electrochemical processes, Si‐based anodes suffer from poor cycling performance as the result of a collapsed conductive network. In this regard, a key strategy for fully exploiting the capacity potential of Si‐based anodes is to construct a robust conductive network through rational binder design. In this work, a bio‐inspired conductive binder (PFPQDA) is designed by introducing dopamine‐functionalized fluorene structure units (DA) into a conductivity enhanced polyfluorene‐typed copolymer (PFPQ) to enhance its mechanical properties. Through constructing hierarchical binding networks and resilient electron transportations within both nano‐sized Si and micro‐sized SiOx electrodes via interweaved interactions, the PFPQDA successfully suppresses the electrode expansion and maintains the integrity of conductive pathways. Consequently, owing to the favorable properties of PFPQDA, Si‐based anodes exhibit improved cycling performance and rate capability with an areal capacity over 2.5 mAh cm–2.
Seed‐Assisted Growth of Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Pengjiu , Chen Xu , Liu Tianyu , Hou Cheng‐Hung , Tian Yue , Xu Xuehui , Chen Zeng , Ran Peng , Jiang Tingming , Kuan Chun‐Hsiao , Yan Buyi , Yao Jizhong , Shyue Jing‐Jong , Qiu Jianbei , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe traditional way to stabilize α‐phase formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite often involves considerable additions of methylammonium (MA) and bromide into the perovskite lattice, leading to an enlarged bandgap and reduced thermal stability. This work shows a seed‐assisted growth strategy to induce a bottom‐up crystallization of MA‐free perovskite, by introducing a small amount of α‐CsPbBr3/DMSO (5%) as seeds into the pristine FAPbI3 system. During the initial crystalization period, the typical hexagonal α‐FAPbI3 crystals (containing α‐CsPbBr3 seeds) are directly formed even at ambient temperature, as observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. It indicates that these seeds can promote the formation and stabilization of α‐FAPbI3 below the thermodynamic phase‐transition temperature. After annealing not beyond 100 °C, CsPbBr3 seeds homogeneously diffused into the entire perovskite layer via an ions exchange process. This work demonstrates an efficiency of 22% with hysteresis‐free inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), one of the highest performances for MA‐free inverted PSCs. Despite absented passivation processes, open‐circuit voltage is improved by 100 millivolts compared to the control devices with the same stoichiometry, and long‐term operational stability retained 92% under continuous full sun illumination. Going MA‐free and low‐temperature processes are a new insight for compatibility with tandems or flexible PSCs.
Janus and RG-flow interfaces in three-dimensional gauged supergravity
Authors: Chen Kevin , Gutperle Michael , Hultgreen-Mena Charlie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we construct Janus-type solutions of three-dimensional gauged supergravity with sixteen supersymmetries. We find solutions which correspond to interfaces between the same CFT on both sides, as well as RG-flow interfaces between CFTs with different numbers of supersymmetries and central charges. The solutions are obtained by solving the flow equations derived from the supersymmetry variations, and they preserve some fraction of the supersymmetries of the AdS3 vacua.
Normality of Closures of Orthogonal Nilpotent Symmetric Orbits
Authors: Trevisiol M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study closures of conjugacy classes in the symmetric matrices of the orthogonal group and we determine which one are normal varieties. In contrast to the result for the symplectic group where all classes have normal closure, there is only a relatively small portion of classes with normal closure. We perform a combinatorial computation on top of the same methods used by Kraft-Procesi and Ohta.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Pediatric Surgical Volume in Four Low‐ and Middle‐Income Country Hospitals: Insights from an Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Park Paul , Laverde Ruth , Klazura Greg , Yap Ava , Bvulani Bruce , Ki Bertille , Tapsoba Toussaint W. , Ameh Emmanuel A. , Osazuwa Maryrose , Ugazzi Michele , Daza José , Bryce Emma , Cunningham David , Ozgediz Doruk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on surgical care delivery in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) has been challenging to assess due to a lack of data. This study examines the impact of COVID‐19 on pediatric surgical volumes at four LMIC hospitals.MethodsRetrospective and prospective pediatric surgical data collected at hospitals in Burkina Faso, Ecuador, Nigeria, and Zambia were reviewed from January 2019 to April 2021. Changes in surgical volume were assessed using interrupted time series analysis.Results6078 total operations were assessed. Before the pandemic, overall surgical volume increased by 21 cases/month (95% CI 14 to 28, p < 0.001). From March to April 2020, the total surgical volume dropped by 32%, or 110 cases (95% CI − 196 to − 24, p = 0.014). Patients during the pandemic were younger (2.7 vs. 3.3 years, p < 0.001) and healthier (ASA I 69% vs. 66%, p = 0.003). Additionally, they experienced lower rates of post‐operative sepsis (0.3% vs 1.5%, p < 0.001), surgical site infections (1.3% vs 5.8%, p < 0.001), and mortality (1.6% vs 3.1%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, children's surgery in LMIC saw a sharp decline in total surgical volume by a third in the month following March 2020, followed by a slow recovery afterward. Patients were healthier with better post‐operative outcomes during the pandemic, implying a widening disparity gap in surgical access and exacerbating challenges in addressing the large unmet burden of pediatric surgical disease in LMICs with a need for immediate mitigation strategies.
Privatsphärefreundliches maschinelles Lernen
Authors: Stock Joshua , Petersen Tom , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Federrath Hannes , Kreutzburg Thea 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungVerfahren des maschinellen Lernens (ML) beruhen auf dem Prinzip, dass ein Algorithmus Muster und statistische Zusammenhänge in Datensätzen erkennt, diese in einem Modell abbildet und das Modell anschließend auf andere Datensätze anwenden kann. Neben den großen Chancen, die maschinelle Lernverfahren mit sich bringen, birgt diese Technologie allerdings auch Risiken für die Privatsphäre, die in diesem Artikel in Form von Privatsphäreangriffen beleuchtet werden.Angriffe wie Model Inversion zielen auf oftmals sensible Informationen ab, die sich während der Trainingsphase eines ML-Algorithmus ungewollt in einem Modell etabliert haben. Wenn Trainingsdaten Personenbezug aufweisen, insbesondere wenn es sich etwa um vertrauliche medizinische Daten handelt, kann dies problematisch für Betroffene sein.Demgegenüber stehen Techniken des privatsphärefreundlichen maschinellen Lernens wie Federated Learning, die eine Risikominimierung für ein breites Spektrum an Privatsphäreverletzungen ermöglichen. Ausgewählte Techniken aus diesem Bereich werden in diesem Artikel ausführlich dargestellt.Dies ist der zweite Teil einer zweiteiligen Artikelserie, deren Auftakt unter dem Titel Grundlagen und Verfahren bereits in der letzten Ausgabe des Informatik Spektrums erschienen ist.