bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A step by step protocol for genomic knock-in of long sequences using dCas9-SSAP editor
Authors: Wang Chengkun , Qu Yuanhao , Cheng Jason K.W. , Hughes Nicholas W. , Zhang Qianhe , Wang Mengdi , Cong Le 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gene-editing is a powerful tool for probing the mechanisms of human health and diseases, and holds promise as a durable therapeutic approach. Exemplified by CRISPR-Cas systems, gene-editing tools often cause DNA damage at on- and off-target sites, and thus trigger diverse endogenous DNA repair processes that are error-prone. Such unwanted mutations and safety concerns can be exacerbated when altering long sequences. Here, in this protocol, we present a method that couples microbial single-strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) with dCas9-guideRNA complex to stimulate DNA strand exchange for gene-editing. The dCas9-SSAP editor had low editing errors at target loci, minimal detectable off-target effect, and higher accuracy than canonical Cas9 methods. This method was effective for inserting sequences up to kilobase-scale, with up to ~20% knock-in efficiencies and robust performances across donor designs and cell types, including human stem cells.
Placenta tissue processing protocol - in the context of placentophagy
Authors: Johnson Sophia K , Pastuschek Jana , Heimann Yvonne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Traditional pharmacopeia describe the use of ground and dehydrated human placenta tissue for the use as a remedy according complex integrative medicine systems such as Chinese medicine. To resemble the most common method of placenta preparation in a home-based environment, this protocol was established for placenta tissue processing under clean but not sterile conditions.
Identification and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles in face masks by TEM
Authors: Wouters Charlotte , Siciliani Lisa , Ledecq Marina , Verleysen Eveline , Mast Jan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Because of the possible health risks related to the use of nanoparticle technologies in face masks, a general methodology is developed for identification, localization and particle size measurement of nanoparticles in situ in face masks by conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The methodology can be applied by following this protocol which includes (i) preparation of resin-embedded ultra-thin sections of face masks suitable for TEM analysis, a procedure that can be applied to any type of textile, (ii) visualization and identification of the (nano)particles inside the cross section of the textile fibres by scanning TEM (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), (iii) measurement of the number-based particle size distribution based on a (semi-)automatic quantitative analysis using ImageJ, and (iv) in view of risk assessment, a calculation to estimate the amount of particles available for release from the mask.
Research on the Application of 5g Network Technology in Basketball Teaching Innovation and Reform
Authors: Xie Zhe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the introduction of 5G technology, it has brought ease to many sectors of society and lifestyle. 5G technology has also made major contributions to education, and the help impact for education is extremely considerable, particularly for online learning. The epidemic condition of covid-19 in China is serious in March 2020, and the notion of "classes stopped but learning continues" has become the trend of school instruction. Colleges and universities, in particular, which serve a diverse population, mostly use online learning methods to conduct instructional activities. As a result, traditional classroom teaching no longer satisfies modern teaching demands, and online learning has established itself as the norm. Due to network speed and latency, online learning has several issues when compared to traditional face-to-face education. This article examines the online learning system based on the 5G mobile communication technology network, as well as conventional face-to-face teaching and online learning under other networks, and analyses the students' mastery of knowledge under different teaching methods through assessment. This study aims to minimize network latency by detecting and correcting the main energy-consuming activities of the 5G network in order to deliver effective online training to students utilizing 5G basket ball teaching (5G_BBT). We use the features of 5G network nodes and channel characteristics based on actual route loss measurements for diverse settings to build a comprehensive model of basket ball training. Initially from the teaching database the information that can be send to the user protocol for that the process of cluster formation was done using Crossover Swarm Optimization based on passive clustering. Estimate basket ball teaching data transmission probability by maximum likelihood naïve bayes function. Then the Calculation of optimal cluster path for sending the training material with border gateway algorithm where distance and residual energy have to considered as constraints. Finally, the performance analyses are carried out in terms of latency energy efficiency, and speed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed 5G Networking scheme.
External validation of inpatient neonatal mortality prediction models in high-mortality settings
Authors: Tuti Timothy , Collins Gary S , English Mike , Aluvaala Jalemba 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of two neonatal prediction models in predicting all cause in-hospital mortality following patient admission. These models (The Neonatal Essential Treatment Score (NETS) which used treatments prescribed at admission, and the Score for Essential Neonatal Symptoms and Signs (SENSS) which used basic clinical signs), were derived in high-mortality, low-resource settings and are reflective of low-income countries’ clinical settings. Study design and settings: We used retrospectively collected routine clinical data recorded by duty clinicians at admission from 15 hospitals to externally validate and update the SENSS and NETS models to predict in-hospital mortality. Model performance was evaluated by assessing discrimination and calibration. Results: At initial external validation, the calibration intercept for NETS and SENSS was -1.109 (95% CI: -1.148 to -1.069) and -0.703 (95% CI: -0.738 to -0.669) respectively; The calibration slope for NETS and SENSS was 0.466 (95% CI: 0.451 to 0.480) and 0.565 (95% CI: 0.552 to 0.577) respectively. After model updating, SENSS and NETS calibration intercepts improved to 0.349 (95% CI: 0.321 to 0.377) and 0.032 (95% CI: -0.002 to 0.066) respectively; Calibration slopes improved to 1.029 (95% CI: 1.006 to 1.051) and 0.799 (95% CI: 0.774 to 0.823) for SENSS and NETS respectively. Final SENSS and NETS model discrimination was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.829 to 0.839) and 0.775 (95% CI: 0.768 to 0.782) respectively. Conclusion: It is possible to predict in-hospital mortality using either treatments or signs and symptoms derived from routine neonatal data from varied low-resource hospitals settings. The models’ performance after updating and external validation across different geographical regions supports their use for case-mix adjustment in similar routine hospital settings.
Optical cavity-referenced terahertz synthesizer with 15-digit short-term stability
Authors: Shin Dong-Chel , Kim Byung Soo , Jang Heesuk , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Seung-Woo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Stable terahertz sources are required to advance high precision terahertz applications such as molecular spectroscopy, terahertz radars, and wireless communications. Here, we demonstrate a photonic scheme of terahertz synthesis using an optical comb in stabilization to an ultra-low expansion optical cavity offering a 15-digit accuracy. By heterodyne photomixing of comb lines, terahertz frequencies of 0.10 – 1.10 THz are synthesized with a 2-mHz linewidth and a fractional instability of 4.4×10–15 at 1-s integration. Compared to other state-of-the-art counterparts, our terahertz synthesizer offers a fine frequency tuning capability in steps of 100 MHz and an extremely low level of phase noise below -70 dBc/Hz even at 1 Hz offset. Such unprecedented performance is expected to drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio of terahertz radars, the resolving power of terahertz molecular spectroscopy, and the transmission capacity of wireless communications.
Inducer-free cellulase production system based on the constitutive expression of mutated Xyr1 and Ace3 in the industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Arai Toshiharu , Ichinose Sakurako , Shibata Nozomu , Kakeshita Hiroshi , Kodama Hiroshi , Igarashi Kazuaki , Takimura Yasushi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is a widely used host for the production of cellulase and hemicellulase cocktails for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. This is the result of random mutagenesis and target gene modification for many years to secrete cellulase in high yields. However, they generally require inducers such as cellulose to achieve high enzyme production capacity. Here we report a genetic modification strategy for industrial T. reesei using simple glucose culture without inducers. Constitutive expression of modified Xyr1 and Ace3, which are the main regulators of cellulase/hemicellulase, enabled efficiently produce cellulases and hemicellulases. Co-expression of these two transcription factors resulted in 1.5-fold higher enzyme productivity compared to conventional expression of only modified Xyr1, and enzyme composition similar to that of induced production. This inducer-free enzyme production method could provide an effective system to reduce costs and simplify production processes and is expected to be applied in the production of various proteins.
Knowledge on neonatal danger signs and associated factors among post natal mothers in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. A cross–sectional study.
Authors: Ayele Wudie Eneyew , Bante Agegnehu , Wubie Azene Bantie , Murugan Rajalakshmi , Tesfaye Tewodros , Tesema Getaye Worku 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Neonatal danger signs are now a public health problem (25%) and contributing factors for neonatal death. Early detection of neonatal danger signs is an important step towards improving newborn survival. This study aimed to assess knowledge on neonatal danger signs and associated factors among post natal mothers in public hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Methods
An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 postnatal mothers at public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March 15th to May 15th, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants and semi-structure interviewer administer questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered by using Epi- data version 4.4.3.1 and analyzed by using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model with SPSS version 25.0. Then statistical significance was declared at P- value < 0.05. Finally, the data were presented by using text, figures and tables.
Result
All mothers expected to participate in the study were interviewed. Overall, 33.1% of mothers had good knowledge about neonatal danger signs. Factors like maternal education college and above (AOR = 2.11, 95% Cl: 1.51–2.99), caesarean section mode of delivery (AOR = 3.72, 95% Cl: 1.71–8.12), parity (AOR = 5.34, 95% Cl: 1.64–2.64), education during PNC follow up (AOR = 2.77, 95% Cl: 1.49–5.15) and identification of skilled birth attendant (AOR = 2.25,95% Cl:1.13–4.40) were significantly associated with the level of maternal knowledge. Similarly, information from health professionals (AOR = 4.54, 95%Cl: 2.16–9.70) and access to television were also statistical significant factors for maternal knowledge (AOR = 2.15, 95% Cl: 1.11–4.15).
Conclusion
Maternal knowledge on neonatal danger signs was poor. Therefore educational intervention during ante natal care, institution delivery and post natal care visit, advocating the use of media and increase maternal birth preparedness like identification of skilled birth attendant are highly recommended.
Characteristics of axial length and interocular axial length difference in Chinese children and teenagers
Authors: Mao Xiuyu , Chen Minjie , Sun Xinghuai , Dai Jinhui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate axial length and interocular axial length difference distributions and correlating factors in Chinese children and teenagers.
Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed the axial lengths (AL) and interocular axial length differences (ALD) of 4422 children. Sex, ocular alignment, outdoor activities, total media exposure (TV watching and electronic devices), sleep duration, parental myopic state, and parental age and their relationships with mean AL and the ratio of axial length to corneal radius curvature (AL/CR) were assessed. Factors associated with the mean AL, AL/CR, ALD, and the interocular difference in AL/CR (△AL/CR) in all participants and four age groups.
Results
The mean AL and ALD varied mainly by age. Children with esotropia (in preschoolers, P = 0.014, 0.029), 15–21 h of outdoor durations per week(all, P = 0.017), and > 14h total media exposure per week (all, P = 0.033) were more likely to have shorter AL or AL/CR. Esotropia(in primary school, P = 0.001), shorter weekdays sleep duration (all, P = 0.009), or long weekend sleep duration (all, P = 0.033) were positively associated with ALD or △AL/CR.
Conclusion
AL and ALD were mainly associated with age and esotropia. Sleep duration on weekdays or weekends might associate with the mean or interocular difference in axial length distribution.
A Nomogram Individually Predicts the Overall Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer after Surgery：a Retrospective Study in the SEER Database and China
Authors: Zheng Yufen , Jin Minya , Chen Shiyong , Feng Yijun , Du Juping , Li Jun , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients with breast cancer have a poor prognosis. We want to construct a more elaborative and validate nomograms for predicting overall survival in patients with breast cancer.
Methods
A total of 68363 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2015 were recruited from the Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. After eliminating lacking clinical information, 60445 eligible breast cancer patients were randomly divided into the training corhort(n = 42327) and the internal validation corhort(n = 18118) in a ratio of 7:3. The endpoint of this study was overall survival(OS). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models was performed to identify independent risk factors of OS in the training corhort, and then the nomogram was constructed. The nomogram predictive performance was evaluated by the Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis(DCA) and clinical impact curve. Moreover, the nomogram was verified by the internal validation corhort and external validation corhort.
Results
Age, gender, grade, 7th AJCC stage, ER status, PR status, Her-2 Status, breast subtype were found to be independent risk factor of OS(P < 0.05). The nomogram integrating these eight factors was constructed and proved excellent discrimination capability in the training corhort(C-index, 0.724 (95%CI, 0.716–0.732)), which was demonstrated in the internal validation corhort(C-index, 0.717 (95% CI, 0.705–0.729) and external validation corhort(C-index, 0.793 (95% CI, 0.724–0.862)). Calibration curve for the probability of 1-, 3- and 5-year OS demonstated good concordance between nomogram prediction and actual observed results in both the training and validation corhort. Besides, the DCA and clinical impact curve indicated the clinical usefulness of our constructed nomogram.
Conclusions
We developed a nomogram that integrate clinicopathological variables, which can precisely predict the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS of breast cancer patients after surgery. Validation uncovered preeminent discrimination power for the nomogram, indicating that it presents satisfactory clinical application. Therefore, the nomogram can help clinicians in formulating the suitable therapy strategies for individual patients.
Global Freshwater Discharge into the World’s Oceans Reached a Record Low Over Past Nearly 70 Years
Authors: Qin Tianling , Fan Jingjing , Zhang Xin , Feng JianMing , Li ChenHao , Dong Biqiong , Wang Kun , Zhang Cheng , Wang Hao , Zhang Jianyun , Yan Denghua 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The process of freshwater discharge into the oceans is a key component of global water cycle between land and ocean. Climate change and human activities are considerably affecting the amount of surface runoff entering the ocean. This paper examines how global continental discharge into the ocean has changed over the past seven decades. The results indicate that from 1951 to 2020, global annual amount of continental discharge entering the oceans is 39.33 trillion m³ on average. It exhibited an upward trend before 2000, but fell sharply thereafter, particularly showing a faster decrease in the recent decade and reaching the record low. The overall continental discharge specific to oceans has been diminishing, except for the Arctic Ocean with a growth. About 71% of the land area experienced an abrupt changing points in the continental discharge into the ocean, among which 97% areas saw a progressive decline after the changing point. Such change is directly related to reduced precipitation, increased evaporation, and expanded human water withdrawal. The shrinkage of continental discharge into the ocean will directly impact on ocean circulation, which may further accelerate the variation of global water cycle.
The effects of cancer clinical decision support systems on patient-reported outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Pitt Erin , Bradford Natalie , Robertson Eden , Sansom-Daly Ursula , Alexander Kimberly 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The availability and implementation of high-quality decision-making support are integral to ensuring the delivery of quality cancer care and subsequently achieving positive patient outcomes and experiences. Decision Support Systems (DSS) are increasingly used to support decision-making in clinical practice. However, it is not known beyond supporting the decision-making process whether DSS are indeed effective in improving outcomes for people affected by cancer. The purpose of this review was to identify and synthesize the available literature regarding the effects of DSS on patient-reported outcomes in cancer, both during and after cancer treatment.Methods: We conducted a systematic search of four databases for empirical literature published between 2000 and July 2021, in the English language, that reported an evaluation of patient-reported outcomes. Key information was extracted from each article including study design, type of cancer, intervention elements, type of DSS intervention, measures, and key outcomes. We appraised study quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).Results: We included 14 studies, which we categorized as symptom assessment interventions or interactive educational interventions. Studies described a range of health-related and process-related patient-reported outcomes, as well as decisional complexities. Findings were mixed regarding the effectiveness of clinical DSS interventions in improving total symptom distress and severity, whereas the majority were effective in reducing mean scores for worst and usual pain. Interventions were not effective in improving other health-related patient-reported outcomes including quality of life, global distress, depression, or self-efficacy and there were mixed effects for reducing decisional conflict. Regarding process-related patient-reported outcomes, there was moderate to high patient adherence to the intervention as well as generally high satisfaction and acceptability. However, there was minimal evidence for the effect of clinical DSS interventions in clinician adherence to intervention recommendations. Conclusions: Inconsistencies in reporting of interventions may be a contributing factor to heterogeneous effects of clinical DSS regarding a broad range of patient-reported outcomes. There is a need to develop and implement evidence-based reporting guidelines to improve the reliability and validity of reporting clinical DSS interventions and enhance their timely translation into practice.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020190977)
Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty at District Level is Safe and May Reduce the Burden on Tertiary Care in a Low-income Setting
Authors: Laubscher Kim , Dey Roopam , Nortje Marc , Held Michael , Kauta Ntambue 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Arthroplasty procedures in low-income countries are mostly performed at tertiary centers, with waiting lists exceeding 12 to 24 months. Recently, this is further exacerbated by the impact of the Covid Pandemic on elective surgeries. Providing arthroplasty services at other levels of healthcare aims to offset this burden, however there is a marked paucity of literature regarding surgical outcomes. This study aims to provide evidence on the safety of arthroplasty at district level.Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive hip and knee primary arthroplasty cases performed at a District Hospital (DH), and a Tertiary Academic Hospital (TH) in Cape Town, South Africa between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2018. Patient demographics, hospital length of stay, surgery related readmissions, reoperations, post-operative complications, and mortality rates were compared between cohorts. Results: Seven hundred and ninety-five primary arthroplasty surgeries were performed at TH level and 228 at DH level; of this Total Hip Replacements (THR) accounted for 50.6% (402) at TH and 39.9% (91) at DH level. The average hospital stay was 5.2±2.0 days at DH level and 7.6±7.1 days for TH (p<0.05). Readmissions within 3 months post-surgery of 1.75% (4 patients) for district and 4.40% (35) for tertiary level (p<0.05). Reoperation rate of 1 in every 100 patients at the DH and 8.3 in every 100 patients at the TH (p<0.05). Death rate was 0.4% vs 0.6% at district and tertiary hospitals respectively (p>0.05). Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate was 0.43% at DH and 2.26% at TH. The percentage of hip dislocation requiring revision was 0% at district and 0.37% at tertiary level. During the study period, 228 patients received their arthroplasty surgery at the DH; these patients would otherwise have remained on the TH waiting list.Conclusions: Hip and Knee Arthroplasty at District health care level is safe and; for the reason that the DH feeds into the TH; providing arthroplasty at district level may help ease the pressure on arthroplasty services at tertiary care facilities in a Southern African context. Adequately trained surgeons should be encouraged to perform these procedures in district hospitals provided there is appropriate patient selection and adherence to strict theatre operating procedures.Level of Evidence: Level III Retrospective cohort study