bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 viral-Host interaction and Immune Response
Authors: Mbogo Rachel Waema , Orwa Titus Okello , Kaumbutha Charles Mwangi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Even as the world eases into the COVID-19 pandemic, new variants of the virus keep sprouting and destabilizing normal routines. Initially, to arrest the high transmission of SARS CoV-2, non-pharmaceutical approaches were utilised, as other interventions such as development of vaccines were being explored. Fortunately, the urgency to control the crisis prompted the vaccine development process to be expedited. Concurrently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Remdesivir to treat specific demographics of COVID-19 patients. Despite these measures, progressive studies are still providing fresh knowledge. Quantitative approaches have provided useful insights in understanding key aspects of SARS CoV-2. In this paper, we developed and analysed a mathematical model to describe the evolution of the virus, its interaction with immune cells, importance of immune response and potential targets for drug development. Model analysis suggests that a greater efficacy of immune cells significantly reduces the viral load. Further, numerical results suggests that inhibiting the progression of latently infected cells to productively infected cells is paramount and this can be achieved by using viral transcriptase inhibitors. We suggest that these fusion inhibitors together with the use of approved vaccines and re-purposed antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir and Baricitinib will have a great impact in controlling the severity of the virus in case of subsequent attacks. Simulations results indicate that a lower vaccine efficacy requires booster shots to augment circulating antibodies necessary to nullify the virus. This model of in-host SARS CoV-2 dynamics has therefore provided knowledge useful to encourage the development of antiviral drugs focused on inhibiting transcription hence arresting viral replication.
Multiple Wolbachia subpopulations co-occur in single Culex pipiens mosquitoes
Authors: Schrieke Hans , Duron Olivier , Eren A. Murat , Reveillaud Julie 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Wolbachia is a maternally inherited intracellular bacterium that infects a wide range of arthropods including mosquitoes. The endosymbiont is widely used in biocontrol strategies due to its capacity to modulate the arthropod reproduction and to limit pathogen transmission.
Results
While most studies assume that Wolbachia infections are mono-clonal within individual hosts, we show here that an ancestral Wolbachia can evolve to a set of closely related, but genetically distinct, subpopulations which coexist within the same hosts and are maternally transmitted to host progeny. To this aim, we reconstructed Wolbachia Metagenome-Assembled Genomes in naturally-infected single individual Culex pipiens mosquitoes from both ovary and midgut metagenomes for the first time and afforded Wolbachia population genomic analyses within and between single individuals. We observed consistent single nucleotide and amnio acid variations across samples that we also confirmed in egg metagenomes from geographical distant locations.
Conclusion
This study reveals the presence of multiple Wolbachia subpopulations co-existing in individual mosquitoes that could have critical importance for the good use of Wolbachia in basic and applied research.
Diminution of Liver Aminotransferase Enzymes Levels in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Silymarin: A Case Report
Authors: Azargoonjahromi Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article reports the case of a woman with chief complains of aching pain in the upper right of her abdomen, fatigue, and weakness. She had no medical history of any diseases, trauma, and other signs related to her complains. Both blood tests and abdominal ultrasonography revealed that she has been afflicted with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The medical procedure consisted of administering a polyphenolic flavonoid named silymarin, which have been pointed out that it has antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. After taking 30 days silymarin, her liver aminotransferase enzymes levels including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), which are considered criteria to diagnose NAFLD, decreased. Therefore, this result unifies this notion that silymarin can be deemed as a therapeutic agent to be used in NAFLD patients.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Petrov V. S. , Zotova L. A. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) increases cardiovascular and overall mortality in comparison with patients without breathing disorders during sleep.Aim of study. Assessment of prevalence and dynamics of OSAS in patients with CHF due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Materials and methods. The study included 172 patients with RHD. OSAS was assessed using a cardiorespiratory monitor “Kardiotekhnika-04-3Р (M)”.Results and discussion. Analysis of echocardiography results of showed a significant increase in the linear dimensions of the LV: for LVED B = 0.020 (0.013; 0.027), p = 0.001, R2 = 0.087; for LVES B = 0.017 (0.010; 0.024), p = 0.001, R2 = 0.073. An increase in the indices of hypertrophy was also revealed – LVPW and IVS: for IVS B = 0.008 (0.006; 0.010), p = 0.001, R2 = 0.148; for LVPW B = 0.006 (0.004; 0.08), p = 0.001, R2 = 0.087. The highest values of echocardiography indicators were achieved in the group with OSAS III, in comparison with patients without OSAS. significantly differed: for LVED – 0.86 cm, for LVES – 0.56 cm, for IVS – 0.41 cm, for LVPW – 0.34 cm. but there was also the maximum distance of the 6-minute walk test – 390.02 (360.15; 419.88) meters. Assessment of the quality of life according to the summary scales of the questionnaires showed a higher level of quality of life in the group without OSAS according to the physical health SF-36 (B = -0.100 (-0.169; -0.031), p = 0.005, R2 = 0.029), mental health SF-36 B = 0.120 (-0.091; 0.115), p = 0.821) and according to overall summary score KCCQ (B = -0.289 (-0.473; -0.105), p = 0.002, R2 = 0.036).Conclusion. In the dynamics over 10 years, in patients with RHD, there was an increase in the number of episodes of obstructive and central apnea, an increase in the frequency of episodes of apnea / hypopnea with desaturation and snoring. However, a significant increase was achieved only in the case of obstructive sleep apnea episodes – by 14.60 episodes.
Features of laboratory parameters in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 against the background of diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure
Authors: Plotnikova E. Yu. , Sinkov M. A. , Isakov L. K. , Sinkova M. N. , Tarasova A. Yu. , Zolotukhina V. N. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. New waves of different virus genotypes regularly roll across the globe. Recent studies show the most serious prognosis for patients with known cardiovascular disease, indicating a possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and an increase in new cases of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes regardless of the severity of the pathology. If this trend is true, with hundreds of millions of infected patients the disease burden might presage a potentially alarming rise of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in the future.The aim is to study the laboratory test results of patients with novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic heart failure.Materials and methods. A total of 51 patients with a verified diagnosis of moderately severe novel coronovirus infection COVID-19 with underlying type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure were included in the study. All patients underwent quantitative laboratory blood tests. Correlation analysis was carried out using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results and discussion. In our opinion, the most interesting were numerous correlations between glucose levels and internal organs and systems dysfunction markers: with bilirubin levels, international normalized ratios, creatinine levels, with carbon dioxide (ctCO2 ) levels, bases (BE) levels, with the bicarbonate (HCO3 act) levels. The most pronounced (rs = 0.74) was the correlation between glucose levels and basophil counts, which may suggest a possible effect of hypersensitivity mechanisms on the severity of hyperglycemia in patients with COVID-19.Conclusions. The hyperglycemia level indicates the severity of not only metabolic acidosis, but also the internal organs and systems dysfunction in patients with novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 with underlying type 2 diabetes and heart failure.
The clinical case of non-compact left ventricular myocardium in combination with restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Baranov S. A. , Nechaev V. M. , Fadeeva M. V. 
Published: October 2022

In this paper the information about a comparatively rare form of cardiomyopathy – noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium is showed. As a result of genetical changes on the early stages of embryogenesis a disability of myocardial fibres develops, and two-layer myocardial structure is formed: thin compact layer and remaining more voluminous non-compact layer with significant trabeculation and deep intratrabecular cavities communicated with ventricular cavity. Mutations in genes which encode sarcomeric, structural and regulatory proteins and proteins, which are responsible for ion channels functioning, are considered to be one of the main reasons of non-compact myocardium. There is a theory that considers a non-compact myocardium as a result of an exposure of various factors during lifetime – so-called non-embryonal (acquired) noncompaction myocardium. “Non-embryonal” hypothesis views non-compact myocardium as a sign of functional maladaptation, possible stage in cardiomyopathy development. By way of illustration the clinical case of 32-year-old female patient is presented in the article. The noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium in conjunction with restrictive cardiomyopathy was first diagnosed in her. The diagnosis was confirmed by main diagnostic methods for this pathology such as echocardiography and MRI of a heart. This clinical observation is interesting due to formation of disease patterns by two rare combined pathological conditions: noncompaction of the myocardium syndrome and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Changes of heart hemodynamics occurs in interaction between these pathologies. Diastolic filling of left ventricular decreases as a result of restrictive cardiomyopathy, which leads to decreasing of its myocardium load. Therefore, systolic disfunction, which is specific to non-compact myocardium, doesn’t occur. Generally, prognosis for this patient is poor due to presence of two serious pathologies.
Anemia, erythrocytosis and iron deficiency as prognostic markers of chronic heart failure development
Authors: Abrosimova N. V. , Meshcherina N. S. , Leonteva T. S. , Stepchenko M. A. 
Published: October 2022

In guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and acute heart failure 2021 authors have written necessity of regular checkup of all patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) to identify anemia or iron deficiency. The prevalence of anemia in patients with CHF varies significantly depending on the clinical characteristics of the studied population and the criteria for the diagnosis of anemia from 4 to 75%. Frequency of iron deficiency without anemia, according to various studies, achieve 55% of cases. In the literature, data are increasingly appearing that even mild anemia and iron deficiency are associated with worsening symptoms, decreased exercise tolerance. They can provoke increasing of numbers of hospitalizations of patients with CHF, and decreasing of their quality of life and increasing rate of mortality. In this paper a number of factors determining iron deficiency in patients with CHF are analyzed. The article also assesses the current state of the problem of the dependence of the presence of anemic syndrome and the gender-age characteristics of patients with CHF, observed in a number of studies, which remains quite contradictory to date. The results of the study of the mechanisms of development of secondary erythrocytosis and the course of CHF against the background of anemic syndrome, iron deficiency conditions, relative erythrocytosis are presented, promising directions of drug correction are reflected. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the possibility of using iron supplementation as part of the management of patients with CHF and iron deficiency status are presented. It was noted that using of an injectable form of iron carboxymaltosate in patients with CHF and low EF improves the functional class of CHF according to NYHA, quality of life, tolerance to physical activity, as well as contributes to an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction and its final systolic volume.
Personalized target therapy for severe bronchial asthma in combination with polypous rhinosinusitis
Authors: Demko I. V. , Sobko E. A. , Shestakova N. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu. 
Published: October 2022

Bronchial asthma is a current problem of health care in connection with high prevalence and heterogeneity of a disease. Development and deployment in clinical practice of genetically engineered biological medicines for treatment of patients with severe eosinophilic bronchial asthma allowed to change cardinally the course of a disease and to considerably improve quality of life of such patients. The presented clinical case focuses on the experience of using benralizumab, an interleukin-5 receptor antagonist in a patient with T2-endotype of severe bronchial asthma in combination with polypous rhinosinusitis. The diagnosis of bronchial asthma was established to the patient in 36 years. The patient had the burdened allergological personal and family anamnesis, intolerance of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory medicines, polyps in a nose were revealed later. It is known that the clinical phenotype of a combination of bronchial asthma to a polypous rhinosinusitis is difficult for treatment in connection with the inflammation which was more expressed, difficult giving in to control in airways. Over time the course of a disease was made heavier, control of symptoms was lost and, despite the therapy volume corresponding to the 5th step on GINA, including reception of system glucocorticosteroids, an exception of all factors interfering achievement of control regular symptoms and frequent aggravations remained. In accordance with the Federal Guidelines, the patient was prescribed targeted therapy with benralizumab, which suppresses eosinophilic inflammation in the respiratory tract. During the treatment, a rapid significant improvement in the patient’s condition was noted in the form of a decrease in asthma symptoms, normalization of spirography indicators, and cessation of exacerbations. The persistent clinical effect allowed to abandon the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids without losing control of the disease. There were no adverse reactions to the drug administration. Thus, therapy with benralizumab in patients with the T2-endotype of severe bronchial asthma in combination with polypous rhinosinusitis is safe and highly effective and allows it to be recommended for widespread use in clinical practice.
COVID-19 and lung damage in obese patients: results of a prospective study
Authors: Buchneva A. V. , Chichkova N. V. , Fominykh E. V. , Krupochkina N. V. , Fomin V. V. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The new coronavirus infection continues to be an urgent health problem worldwide. At the moment, the consequences of the transferred COVID-19 need to be studied.Objective. To study the clinical features, the severity of lung damage in patients with different body weights, 12 weeks after a new coronavirus infection with lung damage.Materials and methods. The prospective study included 52 patients (28 women, 24 men, aged 63.4 ± 13.3 years [30–84 years], hospitalized in the therapeutic department of the Sechenov University UKB No. 1 3 months after COVID-19 with lung damage > 50%. The need for respiratory support, the degree of lung tissue damage were assessed according to high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), the results of spirometry with DLCO, data from a 6-minute walking test (6MWT). The analysis of the indicators was carried out taking into account the body mass index (BMI), which was used as a criterion for determining overweight and obesity.Results. In obese patients, 12 weeks after the disease, shortness of breath and cough were more common. It was revealed that a high BMI significantly affected the diffusion capacity of the lungs in patients after COVID-associated pneumonia, the preservation of pathological patterns according to the results of HRCT. Conclusions. Obesity is not only a risk factor for the severe course of COVID–19, but also in many ways the reason determining the long-term rehabilitation of patients after infection.
New options for severe asthma
Authors: Kraposhina A. Yu. , Sobko E. A. , Demko I. V. , Katser A. B. , Kazmerchuk O. V. , Abramov Yu. I. , Chubarova S. V. 
Published: October 2022

The review provides current data on new options for the treatment of severe bronchial asthma. The prevalence of severe asthma ranges from 3% to 10%, but it is for the treatment of this group of patients that more than 80% of the funds allocated for the treatment of the disease as a whole are spent. Patients with severe bronchial asthma make up a special category, since traditional therapy, effective in most patients with bronchial asthma, does not allow controlling the disease. Heterogeneity and multivariate disease dictate the need to develop a personalized approach, which is impossible without significant financial and personnel investments. Understanding the pathogenetic pathways underlying the development of inflammation in asthma was the impetus for the development of targeted therapies. Five genetically engineered immunobiological drugs have been developed and approved for patients with severe allergic and/or eosinophilic bronchial asthma. The choice of the right medication should depend on the correct diagnosis of severe asthma, understanding the patient’s endotype, and accounting for patient-specific factors. It is worth noting that all approved biologics and most biologics currently in development focus on T2-immune response. To be sure, there is a huge pool of patients who register a different type of inflammation. And therefore, despite the rapid development of knowledge in the field of targeted therapy of bronchial asthma, further decoding and deepening of knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms, in particular non-T2 inflammation, as well as an analysis of the experience of using existing drugs to clearly understand the indications, as well as to assess the effectiveness and safety of existing treatments.
Complex therapy recovered after infectious diseases
Authors: Vakulenko O. Yu. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. At the present time, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) remains at a high level. Some patients who have undergone ARVI and COVID-19 have been disturbed by astheno-neurotic syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome for quite a long time.Aim. To study the efficacy and safety dietary supplement treatment in the rehabilitation of patients recovered after acute respiratory viral infections.Materials and methods. We have examined 50 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infections (38 people) and COVID-19 (12 people). Age of patients: from 25 years to 60 years old, average age 35 ± 11.84 years old. All patients were randomized into two study groups: the first group (25 people) received a biologically active food supplement and the second group (25 people) did not receive such complex. Сomplex was prescribed to the participants of the first group in amount of two capsules once a day. The course of therapy was 14 days. Before and after taking, all patients were assessed for shortness of breath on the MRC scale, depression on the Beck scale, chronic fatigue syndrome on the FAS scale, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed as well.Results. In the course of the observation, no significant difference between the groups was recorded in the dynamics of the state of assessment for dyspnea, depression and hemoglobin level. The average level of CRP before taking in the first group was 4.4 mg/l (from 0 to 22 mg/l), in the second – 3.8 mg/l (from 0 to 14 mg/l). When comparing the dynamics in the first group, there was more pronounced decrease in the level of CRP. In the first group, decrease in manifestations of pathological fatigue was revealed, characterized by decrease in FAS scores compared to the control group, where the number of scores, on the contrary, increased.Conclusions. Сomplex has a corrective effect on astheno-neurotic symptoms after suffering from acute respiratory viral infections or post-COVID syndrome.
Determination of water requirement and crop coefficient for strawberry using lysimeter experiment in a semi-arid climate
Authors: Amini Ata , Karami Farhad , Sedri Mohammad Hossein , Khaledi Valeh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This research is aimed at measuring the water requirement, crop coefficient, and strawberry canopy coverage for efficient water consumption management. Two volumetric lysimeters were installed during the growing season of 2018 and 2019 at an agricultural research station in Kurdistan provinces, Iran. In one of the lysimeters, the grass crop was cultivated as the reference crop. Queen Elisa, the dominant strawberry cultivar of the study area, was planted in the other lysimeter. To determine the crop coefficient, strawberry and grass evapotranspiration at different stages of plant growth was measured and evaluated. The results showed that the average evapotranspiration of strawberries was 3.8 mm/day and the amount of water consumed during the whole growing season was 873.4 mm. The evapotranspiration of grass was calculated as 1143.5 mm with an average of 4.7 mm/day. Initial, middle, and ultimate crop coefficients were measured as 0.45, 0.86, and 0.8, respectively. During the growing season, the strawberry canopy cover increased by 73% and then decreased by 65%. There was a linear relationship (R2 = 0.94) between crop coefficient and strawberry canopy coverage.