bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro‐inflammatory cytokines and cognitive dysfunction among patients with bipolar disorder and major depression
Authors: Huang Mao‐Hsuan , Chan Yee‐Lam E. , Chen Mu‐Hong , Hsu Ju‐Wei , Huang Kai‐Lin , Li Cheng‐Ta , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Bai Ya‐Mei , Su Tung‐Ping 
Published: June 2022

AimBipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been demonstrated to be associated with proinflammatory states and cognitive function deficits. We aimed to investigate the differences of cognitive function and proinflammatory cytokines between patients with bipolar I disorder (BDI), bipolar II disorder (BDII), and MDD.MethodsThirty‐seven patients with BDI, 33 with BDII, 25 with MDD, and 54 age‐, sex‐matched controls were enrolled. All patients had a clinical global impression‐severity scale ≤2. Serum levels of proinflammatory markers, including soluble interleukin‐6 receptor, C‐reactive protein, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF‐αR1) were measured. Performance in the Word List Memory Task (WLMT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), 2‐back task, Go/No‐Go task, and divided attention task was assessed.ResultsPatients with BDI had higher levels of sTNF‐αR1 than patients with MDD and controls (P < 0.001). Patients with BDI performed worse on WLMT, WCST, 2‐back task, divided attention_visual and divided attention_auditory tasks than the other three groups (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, sTNF‐αR1 levels were negatively correlated with cognitive function measured using the WLMT and divided attention_auditory (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with BDI had higher levels of sTNF‐αR1 and cognitive function impairments than the remaining groups. Future studies are needed to explore the pathophysiology of sTNF‐αR1 in the contribution of cognitive alterations.
Metacognition and the effect of incentive motivation in two compulsive disorders: Gambling disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Hoven Monja , de Boer Nina S. , Goudriaan Anna E. , Denys Damiaan , Lebreton Maël , van Holst Ruth J. , Luigjes Judy 
Published: June 2022

AimsCompulsivity is a common phenotype among psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and gambling disorder (GD). Deficiencies in metacognition, such as the inability to estimate one's performance via confidence judgments could contribute to pathological decision‐making. Earlier research has shown that patients with OCD exhibit underconfidence, while patients with GD exhibit overconfidence. Moreover, it is known that motivational states (e.g. monetary incentives) influence metacognition, with gain (respectively loss) prospects increasing (respectively decreasing) confidence. Here, we reasoned that OCD and GD symptoms might correspond to an exacerbation of this interaction between metacognition and motivation.MethodsWe hypothesized GD's overconfidence to be exaggerated during gain prospects, while OCD's underconfidence to be worsened in loss context, which we expected to see represented in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent activity. We tested those hypotheses in a task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design (27 patients with GD, 28 patients with OCD, 55 controls). The trial is registered in the Dutch Trial Register (NL6171).ResultsWe showed increased confidence for patients with GD versus patients with OCD, which could partly be explained by sex and IQ. Although our primary analyses did not support the hypothesized interaction between incentives and groups, exploratory analyses did show increased confidence in patients with GD specifically in gain context. fMRI analyses confirmed a central role for VMPFC in the processing of confidence and incentives, but no differences between the groups.ConclusionPatients with OCD and those with GD reside at opposite ends of the confidence spectrum, while no interaction with incentives was found, nor group differences in neuronal processing of confidence.
Ipsilateral and contralateral hemidiaphragm dynamics in symptomatic pleural effusion: The 2nd PLeural Effusion And Symptom Evaluation (PLEASE‐2) Study
Authors: Fitzgerald Deirdre B. , Muruganandan Sanjeevan , Peddle‐McIntyre Carolyn J. , Lee Y. C. Gary , Singh Bhajan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe pathophysiology of breathlessness in pleural effusion is unclear. In the PLEASE‐1 study, abnormal ipsilateral hemidiaphragm shape and movement, assessed qualitatively, were independently associated with breathlessness relief after pleural drainage. Effects of pleural effusion on contralateral hemidiaphragm function are unknown. PLEASE‐2, a prospective exploratory pilot study, assessed the effects of unilateral effusion and drainage on both hemidiaphragms using advanced quantitative bedside ultrasonography.MethodsIndividuals with symptomatic unilateral pleural effusion undergoing therapeutic drainage were included. Measurements pre‐ and post‐drainage included severity of breathlessness (visual analogue scale) and ultrasound measurements of diaphragm excursion and thickness, in addition to shape and movement. Diaphragm measurements were compared to published reference values.ResultsTwenty participants were recruited (mean age 68.9 [SD 12.8] years, 12 females). During tidal breathing, contralateral hemidiaphragm excursion exceeded ipsilateral excursion and reference values (all p ≤ 0.001). Contralateral excursion was greatest in participants with abnormal ipsilateral hemidiaphragm movement and was inversely correlated with ipsilateral tidal excursion (r = −0.676, p = 0.001). Following drainage (mean volume 2121 [SD = 1206] ml), abnormal shape (n = 12) and paradoxical movement (n = 9) of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm resolved in all participants, and tidal excursion of the contralateral hemidiaphragm normalized. Relief of breathlessness post‐drainage correlated with improvement in ipsilateral hemidiaphragm excursion (r = 0.556, p = 0.031).ConclusionThis pilot study suggests, for the first time, that unilateral pleural effusion not only impairs ipsilateral hemidiaphragm function but also causes compensatory hyperactivity of the contralateral hemidiaphragm, which resolves post‐drainage. These findings provide a basis for detailed studies of diaphragmatic function and ventilatory drive in patients with symptomatic pleural effusion.
The feasibility and acceptability of using smartphones to assess suicide risk among Spanish‐speaking adult outpatients
Authors: Silva Caroline , Cero Ian , Ricci Nilsa , Pérez Alessandra , Conwell Yeates , Van Orden Kimberly 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveHispanic/Latino adults, particularly Spanish speakers, are underserved in mental healthcare, and little is known about the day‐to‐day variation in their suicide risk. Smartphones have the potential to overcome geographical and linguistic barriers to mental health assessment and intervention. The purpose of the current study was to examine (a) the feasibility/acceptability of smartphone‐based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess suicide ideation and suicide risk factors among high‐risk Spanish‐speaking adults and (b) the degree of within‐person variation of suicide ideation and suicide risk in this population.MethodSixteen primary Spanish‐speaking psychiatry outpatients completed EMA measures of suicide ideation and suicide risk factors four times a day for 14 days.ResultsA majority of participants consented to active and passive remote assessments and reported the acceptability of study procedures. Adherence to EMA was high and not associated with symptom severity. EMA instances completed were not associated with symptom severity at follow‐up. Average point‐to‐point variability in suicide ideation and risk factors were moderate to high, respectively. EMA captured more dramatic changes than standard baseline and follow‐up assessments.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary support for the feasibility and acceptability of using smartphones to assess suicide risk in a real‐time and real‐world setting among high‐risk Spanish‐speaking adults.
Enseñar y aprender las migraciones forzosas en Ciencias Sociales
Authors: García-Morís Roberto , Oller Montserrat 
Published: June 2022

Esta investigación analiza las representaciones sociales del alumnado de secundaria sobre las migraciones forzosas. El estudio se llevó a cabo a través de un cuestionario, con dos grupos de estudiantes que seguían una materia con metodología tradicional y enfoque positivista. Se exploraron sus representaciones sociales sobre la migración forzosa como un problema social relevante y sus opiniones respecto a incorporar estas temáticas como estructurantes de la materia de Ciencias Sociales. Los resultados muestran un alumnado favorable a incorporar dichas temáticas, que consideran útiles, a la vez que se detectan representaciones sociales positivas hacia las personas migrantes.
A Note on the Robustness of the Disturbance Observer-Based Robust Control Systems
Authors: Sariyildiz Emre 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This brief shows that the design constraints on the plant-model mismatch and the bandwidth of the disturbance observer (DOb) become more severe when the robust controller is implemented using computers. This brief also shows that continuous-time analysis methods fall-short in explaining the fundamental design constraints of the DOb-based robust digital control systems, therefore leading to unexpected stability and performance problems in practice.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Vortex Generators and Winglets in Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade Design
Authors: Hasan Alaa S. , Abousabae Mohammed , Al Hamad Saif , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Most of the available research on horizontal-axis wind turbines focuses on either lab-scale (15–60 cm rotor diameter) or commercial large-scale (80–130 m rotor diameter). The current work fills this gap because residential-scale turbines will be one of the key technologies during the next ten years. The current administration promotes dependence on renewables to cut carbon footprint. Therefore, the present work runs wind tunnel experimentation and performs 48 numerical simulations to evaluate the performance of a residential-scale wind turbine with a blade generated from GOE 447 airfoil at three wind speeds (7.5, 12.5, and 17.5 m/s). Three different vortex generator designs were tested when added on the suction side of a 7-m blade. Two of those designs produced more power than a baseline rotor does (7.2% and 10.9% more power than the baseline rotor were achieved at 12.5 m/s wind speed). Furthermore, three winglet designs were added to the baseline design to investigate their influence on power production. The 90 deg, 60 deg, and 30 deg cant angles produce 5.0%,7.9%, and 6.9% more power than the baseline design.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Tubercles and Winglets Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade Design
Authors: Hasan Alaa S. , Abousabae Mohammed , Al Hamad Saif , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article presents wind tunnel experimentation and uses simulations to evaluate the performance of a 14 m-rotor diameter residential-scale wind turbine at different wind speeds. The blades of the rotor baseline design are built using GOE 447 airfoil. Five different tubercle designs were applied to the blade’s leading edge. One of those designs produces more power than a baseline rotor, with an optimum power improvement of 5.5% achieved at 12.5 m/s wind speed. Furthermore, three winglet designs were added to the tip of the baseline design to investigate their influence on power production. The 90 deg, 60 deg, and 30 deg cant angles produce 5.0%, 7.9%, and 6.9% more power than the baseline design, respectively, at 12.5 m/s. Moreover, it is vital to investigate the effect of integrating leading-edge tubercles with winglets and then evaluate the influence of the combination on the aerodynamic performance and power output of the turbine model. It is found that when combining both techniques on the same blade, the improvement mechanism associated with each of them interferes with the other, leading to poor overall performance and less power in the majority of the run simulations.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Functional Reversal of Fatty Acid Β-Oxidation in Escherichia coli upon the Action of Various Native Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases
Authors: Gulevich A. Yu. , Skorokhodova A. Yu. , Debabov V. G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Using Escherichia coli strain MG1655 lacIQ, ∆ackA-pta, ∆poxB, ∆ldhA, ∆adhE, ∆fadE, PL‑SDφ10-atoB, Ptrc-ideal-4-SDφ10-fadB, PL-SDφ10-tesB, ∆yciA as a core strain, the efficiency of the reversal of fatty acid β-oxidation upon the action of native cellular enzymes capable of serving as acyl-CoA dehydrogenases was examined. Increased expression of fadE, fabI, and ydiO/ydiQRST genes encoding the corresponding enzymes was ensured in derivatives of the core strain by substituting their native regulatory regions with artificial regulatory element Ptrc-ideal-4-SDφ10. A three-turn reversal of the cycle in the engineered recombinants was demonstrated that was accompanied by considerable secretion of butyric, caproic, and caprylic acids. The highest level of six- and eight-carbon carboxylates production was achieved upon the overexpression of the fabI gene, while the lowest levels of secretion of the corresponding compounds were demonstrated by the strain with the enhanced expression of the ydiO and ydiQRST genes. The recombinant with the individually enhanced expression of ydiO did not produce detectable amounts of the derivatives of the complete and successful β-oxidation reversal.
Thermogasdynamics of a Model Ethylene-Fueled Combustion Chamber in Supersonic Flow
Authors: Surzhikov S. T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The results of numerical investigation of thermogasdynamics of a model scramjet combustion chamber with an ethylene flameholder made in form of an asymmetric trapezoidal cavity are given. The regimes of supersonic air flow at the combustion chamber inlet are studied at the Mach number 2.2, the pressure 0.416–1 atm, and the total ethylene flow rate of the order of 10 g/(s cm) through two injectors located in the cavity. A two-dimensional computational model based on the system of time-dependent Navier–Stokes equations, the energy conservation and continuity equations for the gas mixture and individual chemical components, as well as the system of chemical kinetics, is used. The spectral and integral radiative heat fluxes towards the chamber walls were calculated using the thermal radiation transfer equation. It is shown that in the calculated cases considered the density of convective heat flux towards the combustion chamber walls can reach 20 W/cm2 and the density of integral radiative heat fluxes is of ~1 W/cm2.
Health literacy and cardiovascular disease prevention: a systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Beasant Bonnie , Lee Georgie , Vaughan Vanessa , Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Hosking Sarah 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionHealth literacy is ‘The skills and resources of a person to access, understand and use information to make decisions, and take action on their own health and healthcare’. Literature investigating cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and health literacy often exist in silos, only exploring one element of prevention. This protocol aims to establish a scoping method of articles investigating health literacy and CVD preventive practices or knowledge in lay populations.Methods and analysisA scoping review was deemed the most appropriate study design. The topic was conceptualised, with preliminary searching informing subsequent development of search strings. A search of the following databases will be conducted on 31 January 2022: MEDLINE, Global Health, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Studies included will be published in English, of appropriate design, measuring health literacy and some aspect of primary CVD prevention in lay-populations. These criteria will be tested against 25 ‘pilot’ articles from the results, undergoing necessary review before screening commences. A secondary author will screen 10% of abstracts, with a third subject-matter expert reviewing conflicts.Ethics and disseminationThis review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scholarly networks, most likely including journal publication and conference presentation.Article summaryCVD is the leading cause of death around the world. This paper proposes an exploration of health literacy’s relationship with CVD prevention as a whole, contrasting with the more segmented reviews currently published.
Effects of awareness of breast cancer overdiagnosis among women with screen-detected or incidentally found breast cancer: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Pickles Kristen , Hersch Jolyn , Nickel Brooke , Vaidya Jayant S , McCaffery Kirsten , Barratt Alexandra 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo explore experiences of women who identified themselves as having a possible breast cancer overdiagnosis.DesignQualitative interview study using key components of a grounded theory analysis.SettingInternational interviews with women diagnosed with breast cancer and aware of the concept of overdiagnosis.ParticipantsTwelve women aged 48–77 years from the UK (6), USA (4), Canada (1) and Australia (1) who had breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ n=9, (invasive) breast cancer n=3) diagnosed between 2004 and 2019, and who were aware of the possibility of overdiagnosis. Participants were recruited via online blogs and professional clinical networks.ResultsMost women (10/12) became aware of overdiagnosis after their own diagnosis. All were concerned about the possibility of overdiagnosis or overtreatment or both. Finding out about overdiagnosis/overtreatment had negative psychosocial impacts on women’s sense of self, quality of interactions with medical professionals, and for some, had triggered deep remorse about past decisions and actions. Many were uncomfortable with being treated as a cancer patient when they did not feel ‘diseased’. For most, the recommended treatments seemed excessive compared with the diagnosis given. Most found that their initial clinical teams were not forthcoming about the possibility of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, and many found it difficult to deal with their set management protocols.ConclusionThe experiences of this small and unusual group of women provide rare insight into the profound negative impact of finding out about overdiagnosis after breast cancer diagnosis. Previous studies have found that women valued information about overdiagnosis before screening and this knowledge did not reduce subsequent screening uptake. Policymakers and clinicians should recognise the diversity of women’s perspectives and ensure that women are adequately informed of the possibility of overdiagnosis before screening.
Signature for Pain Recovery IN Teens (SPRINT): protocol for a multisite prospective signature study in chronic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Simons Laura , Moayedi Massieh , Coghill Robert C , Stinson Jennifer , Angst Martin S , Aghaeepour Nima , Gaudilliere Brice , King Christopher D , López-Solà Marina , Hoeppli Marie-Eve , Biggs Emma , Ganio Ed , Williams Sara E , Goldschneider Kenneth R , Campbell Fiona , Ruskin Danielle , Krane Elliot J , Walker Suellen , Rush Gillian , Heirich Marissa 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionCurrent treatments for chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain are suboptimal. Discovery of robust prognostic markers separating patients who recover from patients with persistent pain and disability is critical for developing patient-specific treatment strategies and conceiving novel approaches that benefit all patients. Given that chronic pain is a biopsychosocial process, this study aims to discover and validate a robust prognostic signature that measures across multiple dimensions in the same adolescent patient cohort with a computational analysis pipeline. This will facilitate risk stratification in adolescent patients with chronic MSK pain and more resourceful allocation of patients to costly and potentially burdensome multidisciplinary pain treatment approaches.Methods and analysisHere we describe a multi-institutional effort to collect, curate and analyse a high dimensional data set including epidemiological, psychometric, quantitative sensory, brain imaging and biological information collected over the course of 12 months. The aim of this effort is to derive a multivariate model with strong prognostic power regarding the clinical course of adolescent MSK pain and function.Ethics and disseminationThe study complies with the National Institutes of Health policy on the use of a single internal review board (sIRB) for multisite research, with Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Review Board as the reviewing IRB. Stanford’s IRB is a relying IRB within the sIRB. As foreign institutions, the University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) are overseen by their respective ethics boards. All participants provide signed informed consent. We are committed to open-access publication, so that patients, clinicians and scientists have access to the study data and the signature(s) derived. After findings are published, we will upload a limited data set for sharing with other investigators on applicable repositories.Trial registration numberNCT04285112.
Nutrient management in potted Syngoniums using water soluble fertilizers and biofertilizers: effects on growth and soil fertility
Authors: Jain Ritu , Bana Ram Swaroop , Kumar Prabhat , Singh Babita , Sharma Vinod K. , Vanlalruati  , Singh Markandey , Tiwari Ajai K. , Godara Samarth 
Published: June 2022

The global ornamental plant market has been providing economic stability to nations for decades. To achieve enhanced productivity of ornamental plants, it is necessary to develop effective nutrient management techniques. A 2-year study was conducted to develop efficient nutrient management protocols for Syngonium ( Syngonium podophyllum Schott.), a high-value, commercial-potential plant. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 11 nutrient management treatments, comprising different doses of water soluble fertilizer (WSF) alone or in combination with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizer (PSB), and these treatments were compared with commercial fertilizer as well as control. The results revealed that the integrated use of WSF with its higher dose (4 g kg−1soil) and PSB (200 mg kg−1soil) application significantly improved the plant height and the plant spread by 10.4%–25.2% and 5.7%–12.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the soil fertility and nutrient concentration in the leaves were also observed to be significantly improved due to the combined application of WSF and PSB. Likewise, the maximum leaf fresh (257.5 g) and dry weight (36.1 g) were recorded in treatment with WSF 4 g + PSB. However, WSF in conjunction with AMF resulted in the highest root fresh and dry weight over other nutrient combinations. In conclusion, it was found that for better foliage and root growth of Syngonium with improved soil fertility and plant nutrient content, integrated application of WSF with either PSB and (or) AMF is suitable.
Prostaglandin EP receptors: Targets for treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Hull Mark A. , Ko Stanley C.W. , Hawcroft Gillian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The importance of the prostaglandin (PG) synthesis pathway, particularly the rate-limiting enzymatic step catalyzed by cyclooxygenase, to colorectal carcinogenesis and development of novel anticolorectal cancer therapy is well established. The predominant PG species in benign and malignant colorectal tumors is PGE2. PGE2 acts via four EP receptors termed EP1 to EP4. Recently, EP receptors have been identified as potential targets for treatment and/or prevention of colorectal cancer. This review summarizes existing knowledge of the expression and function of the EP receptor subtypes in human and rodent intestine during tumorigenic progression and describes the current literature on targeting EP receptor signaling during intestinal tumorigenesis.