bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse‐sensitive indicators during COVID‐19
Authors: Banister Gaurdia , Carroll Diane L. , Dickins Kirsten , Flanagan Jane , Jones Dorothy , Looby Sara E. , Cahill Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeNurses are on the forefront of delivering care to patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Nurses’ impact on patient care can be discerned through assessment and documentation strategies, including structured and unstructured narratives, clinical pathways, flowsheets, and problem‐based approaches. To date, there are no published reports regarding nursing assessment and documentation during the COVID‐19 pandemic using an assessment framework to capture clinical decision making, nursing diagnoses, and key social determinant of health (SDoH) data. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to conduct an exploratory nursing documentation audit of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 during the first surge to identify types and frequency of nurse‐sensitive indicators, including SDoH.MethodThis pilot study utilized a retrospective chart review design at a single academic medical center, utilizing Gordon's Eleven Functional Health Patterns (FHP) framework to extract clinical, social, and nursing assessment data for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Descriptive statistics were computed for continuous variables and counts/percentages for categorical variables.FindingsData from 94 patient records were analyzed. Most patients were male (59.6%), with a mean age of 58 years. Nearly 15% of patients were Black and 12.8% were Hispanic, most residing in four geographic areas. Nine of the 11 FHPs were reflected in nurse‐sensitive indicators documented in the electronic health record. SDoH data were inconsistently documented, including race, education, history of neglect/abuse, and occupation.ConclusionThe FHP framework captured many nurse‐sensitive indicators during the first COVID‐19 surge, although screening for and documenting SDoH data were limited.Implications for nursing practiceFindings can influence the development of nursing assessment and documentation during crisis care delivery that are inclusive of distinct sociodemographic factors, in addition to clinical factors, to provide comprehensive, culturally sensitive care. Such documentation will enhance the use of nursing knowledge guided by a nursing framework to make visible the essential contributions of nurses to healthcare delivery.
Vasoactive and/or inotropic drugs in initial resuscitation of burn injuries: A systematic review
Authors: Knappskog Kristine , Andersen Nina Gjerde , Guttormsen Anne Berit , Onarheim Henning , Almeland Stian Kreken , Beitland Sigrid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to current guidelines, initial burn resuscitation should be performed with fluids alone. The aims of the study were to review the frequency of use of vasoactive and/or inotropic drugs in initial burn resuscitation, and assess the benefits and harms of adding such drugs to fluids.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, UpToDate, and SveMed+ through 3 December 2021. The search included studies on critically ill burn patients receiving vasoactive and/or inotropic drugs in addition to fluids within 48 h after burn injury.ResultsThe literature search identified 1058 unique publications that were screened for inclusion. After assessing 115 publications in full text, only two retrospective cohort studies were included. One study found that 16 out of 52 (31%) patients received vasopressor(s). Factors associated with vasopressor use were increasing age, burn depth, and % total body surface area (TBSA) burnt. Another study observed that 20 out of 111 (18%) patients received vasopressor(s). Vasopressor use was associated with increasing age, Baux score, and %TBSA burnt in addition to more frequent dialysis treatment and increased mortality. Study quality assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa quality assessment scale was considered good in one study, but uncertain due to limited description of methods in the other.ConclusionThis systematic review revealed that there is a lack of evidence regarding the benefits and harms of using vasoactive and/or inotropic drugs in addition to fluids during early resuscitation of patients with major burns.
Suicidal ideation and sobriety: Should acute alcohol intoxication be taken into account for psychiatric evaluation?
Authors: Keyes Daniel , Talarico Philip , Hardin Blake , Molter Alexander , Lee Honesty , Valiuddin Hisham , Moore Brandon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhen evaluating an emergency department (ED) patient who presents with suicidal ideation, it is a common practice to wait until the patient's ethanol level is known or calculated to be less than 80 mg/dl to evaluate patient safety. We know of no study that establishes an association between the degree of alcohol intoxication based on a blood alcohol level (BAL) and reported suicidal ideation (SI) upon recovery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients evaluated in a Midwestern ED for the calendar year 2017. Cases were selected if they had a psychiatric social work consult and a blood alcohol level drawn while in the ED. Patients were selected on the same 2 days each week throughout the year to meet the sample size requirements of the study, resulting in 1084 cases for review. Chi‐square analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between suicidal ideation and alcohol intoxication as defined by a BAL ≥80 mg/dl.ResultsAmong patients presenting with suicidal ideation and a concurrent BAL ≥80 mg/dl, 69% no longer reported suicidal ideation when their BAL was <80 mg/dl, compared to 38% for patients without a positive BAL on presentation (chi‐square, p = 0.000012).ConclusionOur data show that patients presenting to the ED with complaints related to suicidal behavior who have a BAL ≥80 mg/dl are more likely to no longer endorse having suicidal ideation once their BAL is < 80 mg/dl than patients with similar presenting complaints and no alcohol intoxication. This finding supports the common ED practice of re‐assessing suicidal ideation among individuals who are initially intoxicated once their BAL has decreased below 80 mg/dl.
Association between psychiatric hospitalizations of patients with schizophrenia and polygenic risk scores based on genes with altered expression by antipsychotics
Authors: Facal Fernando , Arrojo Manuel , Paz Eduardo , Páramo Mario , Costas Javier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether a schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) based on the subset of polymorphisms that affect brain expression of genes with altered expression by antipsychotics (exprAP PRS) is associated with psychiatric readmission of patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThe study involved 427 patients with schizophrenia. Genes with altered expression by antipsychotics were extracted from the Comparative Toxigenomics Database. ExprAP PRS was estimated using the clumping and thresholding (p < 0.05) method. Two additional PRS were tested based on subsets of exprAP polymorphisms whose schizophrenia risk allele has the same (unrestored PRS) or opposite (restored PRS) direction of effect on gene expression than antipsychotics. A general SCZ PRS was tested for comparison. Logistic and ordinal regression were used to test for association of each PRS with ever readmission and admission history, an outcome based on length and number of admissions, respectively. Webgestalt was used for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis.ResultsExprAP PRS was associated with ever readmission (OR = 1.48, 95%CI:1.10–1.97) and admission history (OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.07–1.57). SCZ PRS (OR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01–1.48) and unrestored PRS (OR = 1.26, 95%CI 1.04–1.53) were only associated with admission history. Genes at exprAP PRS were enriched in regulation of cytokine production.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PRS based on genes with altered expression by antipsychotics may be better predictors of readmission than SCZ PRS, warranting further investigation in larger cohorts of patients. The action of antipsychotics may be related to brain gene expression, mainly in genes involved in immunity.
Postoperative colon perforation due to the tip of the transanal decompression tube after laparoscopic low anterior resection: A case report
Authors: Sato Kentaro , Kasajima Hiroyuki , Imaizumi Ken , Kurushima Michihiro , Umehara Minoru , Tsuruga Yosuke , Yamana Daisuke , Sato Aya , Ichimura Kentaro , Isokawa Marina , Nakanishi Kazuaki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer. A transanal decompression tube (24Fr Nelaton catheter) was placed laparoscopically during the surgery. Contrast enema on postoperative day 5 showed perforation of the sigmoid colon around the tip of the tube, and emergency laparotomy was performed. Perforation of the posterior sigmoid colon located on the proximal side of the colorectal anastomosis at the level of the promontorium was identified. Closure of the perforation site, lavage drainage, and a diverting loop ileostomy were performed. Although a transanal decompression tube is useful in preventing anastomotic leakage, tube‐related colon perforation should be noted, and controversies about the safety of laparoscopically transanal decompression tube placement should be resolved. Adequate management for tube placement should be discussed.
British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of adults with delusional infestation 2022
Authors: Ahmed Alia , Affleck Andrew G. , Angus Janet , Assalman Iyas , Baron Susannah E. , Bewley Anthony , Goulding Jonathan M.R. , Jerrom Richard , Lepping Peter , Mortimer Helen , Shah Reena , Taylor Ruth E. , Thompson Andrew R. , Mustapa M. Firouz Mohd , Manounah Lina ,   on behalf of the British Association of Dermatologists' Clinical Standards Unit, Levell N.J. , McDonald B. , Chua S.L. , Bardhan A. , Petrof G. , Laws P. , Daunton A. , Frow H. , Nasr I. , Hashme M. , Exton L.S. , Constantin A.M. , Manounah L. , Mohd Mustapa M.F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe overall objective of the guideline is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations for the management of delusional infestation (DI) in adults.Linked Comment: I. Coulson. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:457.
Reducing gender differences in student motivational‐affective factors: A meta‐analysis of school‐based interventions
Authors: Lesperance Kaley , Hofer Sarah , Retelsdorf Jan , Holzberger Doris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundResearch shows that gender differences tend to exist in student motivational‐affective factors in core subjects such as math, science or reading, where one gender is stereotypically disadvantaged.AimsThis study aimed to investigate strategies that could reduce these gender differences by conducting a meta‐analysis on school‐based intervention studies that targeted student motivational‐affective factors. We therefore evaluated whether interventions had differential effects for male and female students' motivational‐affective factors in a given academic subject. We also evaluated potential moderator variables.MethodAfter conducting a systematic database search and screening abstracts for inclusion, we synthesized 71 effect sizes from 20 primary studies. All included studies were conducted in science or mathematics‐related subjects, which are stereotypically female‐disadvantaged.ResultsWhile the interventions had significant positive effects for both genders, there was no statistically significant difference between the two genders with regard to the intervention effects on motivational‐affective factors. However, the descriptive effect size for female students (g = .49) was far greater than for male students (g = .28). Moderator analyses showed no significant effects for grade level, intervention duration, or school subject, but there was a significant influence of intervention method used.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that school‐based interventions have positive effects on motivational‐affective factors for both genders. It also provides evidence that interventions in subjects where female students are stereotypically disadvantaged may have greater effects for females than for males. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals
Authors: van Thiel Jory , Khan Muzaffar A. , Wouters Roel M. , Harris Richard J. , Casewell Nicholas R. , Fry Bryan G. , Kini R. Manjunatha , Mackessy Stephen P. , Vonk Freek J. , Wüster Wolfgang , Richardson Michael K. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTConvergence is the phenomenon whereby similar phenotypes evolve independently in different lineages. One example is resistance to toxins in animals. Toxins have evolved many times throughout the tree of life. They disrupt molecular and physiological pathways in target species, thereby incapacitating prey or deterring a predator. In response, molecular resistance has evolved in many species exposed to toxins to counteract their harmful effects. Here, we review current knowledge on the convergence of toxin resistance using examples from a wide range of toxin families. We explore the evolutionary processes and molecular adaptations driving toxin resistance. However, resistance adaptations may carry a fitness cost if they disrupt the normal physiology of the resistant animal. Therefore, there is a trade‐off between maintaining a functional molecular target and reducing toxin susceptibility. There are relatively few solutions that satisfy this trade‐off. As a result, we see a small set of molecular adaptations appearing repeatedly in diverse animal lineages, a phenomenon that is consistent with models of deterministic evolution. Convergence may also explain what has been called ‘autoresistance’. This is often thought to have evolved for self‐protection, but we argue instead that it may be a consequence of poisonous animals feeding on toxic prey. Toxin resistance provides a unique and compelling model system for studying the interplay between trophic interactions, selection pressures and the molecular mechanisms underlying evolutionary novelties.
Invasive shrub Lantana camara L. alters the flora and soils in tropical dry deciduous forests of Central India
Authors: Lone Parvaiz Ahmad , Dar Javid Ahmad , Kothandaraman Subashree , Khan Mohammed Latif 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLantana camara (hereafter Lantana) is a highly noxious invasive weed species of global concern. However, its impacts on floristic and soil properties in tropical dry deciduous forests are elusive and fragmented. We aimed to assess the changes in the flora and soil properties following the invasion by Lantana in Central Indian forest ecosystems. Three study sites were selected, and each site was further divided into two subsites: Lantana‐invaded (LI) and uninvaded (UI). In total, 60 plots of 0.25 ha each (10 plots in each subsite) were laid randomly. Within each plot, floristic structure, composition, diversity, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), moisture (M%), pH, and bulk density (BD) were assessed. Lantana‐invaded sites showed a significant decrease in density (D), basal area (BA), species richness (SR), and evenness (E) of saplings (<3 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]), juveniles (between 3 and 9.9 cm DBH), and herbs. In LI sites, a reduction of 57% and 25% was observed in lower DBH class of trees (saplings and juveniles). In all the LI sites, significant increase in SOC, STN, and M%, and a significant decrease in pH were recorded. Lantana may greatly impact the vegetation and soil properties, and successively, these strong changes may increase its invasive potential and ability to replace native species by averting their natural regeneration potential. Therefore, a proper management strategy of this noxious weed is imperative to prevent its further expansion and future problems.
Acute high‐altitude hypoxia exposure causes neurological deficits via formaldehyde accumulation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyin , Sun Haochen , Cui Lili , Wang Xian , Ren Changhong , Tong Zhiqian , Ji Xunming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcute high‐altitude hypoxia exposure causes multiple adverse neurological consequences. However, the exact mechanisms are still unclear, and there is no targeted treatment with few side effects. Excessive cerebral formaldehyde (FA) impairs numerous functions, and can be eliminated by nano‐packed coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).AimsIn this study, we aimed to investigate whether cerebral FA was accumulated after hypobaric hypoxia exposure, and further explored the preventative effect of CoQ10 through FA elimination.ResultsAccumulated cerebral FA was found in C57BL/6 mice after acute high‐altitude hypoxia exposure, which resulted in FA metabolic disturbance with the elevation of semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase, and declination of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2. Excessive FA was also found to induce neuronal ferroptosis in vivo. Excitingly, administration with CoQ10 for 3 days before acute hypobaric hypoxia reduced cerebral FA accumulation, alleviated subsequent neuronal ferroptosis, and preserved neurological functions.ConclusionCerebral FA accumulation mediates neurological deficits under acute hypobaric hypoxia, and CoQ10 supplementation may be a promising preventative strategy for visitors and sojourners at plateau.
Maternal Prkce expression in mature oocytes is critical for the first cleavage facilitating maternal‐to‐zygotic transition in mouse early embryos
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Gong Xiuli , Zhou Yiye , Ma Qingwen , Cai Qin , Yang Guanheng , Guo Xinbing , Chen Yanwen , Xu Miao , Zhu Yiwen , Zeng Yitao , Zeng Fanyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesEarly embryo development is dependent on the regulation of maternal messages stored in the oocytes during the maternal‐to‐zygote transition. Previous studies reported variability of oocyte competence among different inbred mouse strains. The present study aimed to identify the maternal transcripts responsible for early embryonic development by comparing transcriptomes from oocytes of high‐ or low‐ competence mouse strains.Materials and MethodsIn vitro fertilization embryos from oocytes of different mouse strains were subject to analysis using microarrays, RNA sequencing, real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. One candidate gene, Prkce, was analysed using Prkce knockout mice, followed by a cRNA rescue experiment.ResultsThe fertilization and 2‐cell rate were significantly higher for FVB/NJ (85.1% and 82.0%) and DBA/2J (79.6% and 76.7%) inbred mouse strains than those for the MRL/lpr (39.9% and 35.8%) and 129S3 (35.9% and 36.6%) strains. Thirty‐nine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were noted, of which nine were further verified by RT‐qPCR. Prkce knockout mice showed a reduced 2‐cell rate (Prkce+/+ 80.1% vs. Prkce−/− 32.4%) that could be rescued by Prkce cRNA injection (2‐cell rate reached 76.7%). Global transcriptional analysis revealed 143 DEGs in the knockout mice, which were largely composed of genes functioning in cell cycle regulation.ConclusionsThe transcription level of maternal messages such as Prkce in mature oocytes is associated with different 2‐cell rates in select inbred mouse strains. Prkce transcript levels could serve as a potential biomarker to characterize high‐quality mature oocytes.
Student perception and assessment outcomes using a pilot condensed format (“boot camp”) in a Fixed Prosthodontics course
Authors: Bompolaki Despoina , Stafford Gary 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess student perception as well as course outcomes (final written examination grades) when using a pilot condensed format in an undergraduate Fixed Prosthodontics course, which was implemented as a response to the global pandemic of Covid‐19.Materials and MethodsThe course was delivered in a condensed format, with a total of 28 direct contact hours in the Simulation Clinic within a 4 day period. Asynchronous remote learning was employed for the didactic portion of the course. Students completed surveys before and after the course, to assess their perception of the condensed format, and written examination grades were compared with previous years' grades. Data were entered in an Excel database (Microsoft Excel 2016) and analysed using a statistical analysis software program (IBM SPSS Statistics, v26; IBM Corp). The level of significance was set to α = 0.05.ResultsOverall, student perception of the condensed format was positive. At the beginning of the course, female students had less confidence in their skills compared to male students (p < .05). Written examination grades were significantly lower compared to previous years' grades (p = .04).ConclusionThe use of a condensed format can allow a course to be delivered in smaller student cohorts and provides the ability to reduce the total number of direct contact hours allotted to the course, creating space within the curriculum. Student perception of this format was generally positive. However, written examination scores were negatively impacted, indicating possible knowledge gaps resulting from the condensed course format. More studies are needed to assess the effect of the various curricular modifications that have been implemented due to the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Life history of Laccophilus lewisioides Brancucci, 1983 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) and the ecological significance of the larval period of five Laccophilus species
Authors: Watanabe Kohei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDytiscidae are the largest aquatic group belonging to the order Coleoptera. However, approximately 40% of Dytiscidae members have been threatened with extinction in Japan, and Laccophilus is one of the genera with considerable decline. A description of the life history of these species and their ecological information will contribute to their conservation. In this study, I described the life history of Laccophilus lewisioides Brancucci, 1983 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Laccophilinae) using rearing‐based methods under laboratory conditions. I then compared the biology of the larval stages of this species to four Laccophilus species, L. vagelineatus Zimmermann, 1922, L. hebusuensis Watanabe & Kamite, 2020, L. yoshitomii Watanabe & Kamite, 2018, and L. kobensis Sharp, 1873. The developmental period for each immature stage at 26°C was as follows: first instar larva, 4–12 days (n = 16); second instar larva, 5–9 days (n = 15); third instar larva, 5–10 days (n = 15); landing to pupation, 2–3 days (n = 2); pupation to adult emergence, 4 days (n = 1); and landing to escape, 8–9 days (n = 14). The total larval period was significantly longer for L. lewisioides than for the other four Laccophilus species. The duration of larval period could be strongly related to the duration of stable water level in the reproductive habitat. The coloration of the larval stage varied between species groups, suggesting that the larvae adapt to the surrounding environment and show a camouflage effect. This is the first report on the immature stages in the life cycle of L. lewisioides.