bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two hundred and five newly assembled mitogenomes provide mixed evidence for rivers as drivers of speciation for Amazonian primates
Authors: Janiak Mareike C. , Silva Felipe E. , Beck Robin M. D. , de Vries Dorien , Kuderna Lukas F. K. , Torosin Nicole S. , Melin Amanda D. , Marquès‐Bonet Tomàs , Goodhead Ian B. , Messias Mariluce , da Silva Maria N. F. , Sampaio Iracilda , Farias Izeni P. , Rossi Rogerio , de Melo Fabiano R. , Valsecchi João , Hrbek Tomas , Boubli Jean P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMitochondrial DNA remains a cornerstone for molecular ecology, especially for study species from which high‐quality tissue samples cannot be easily obtained. Methods using mitochondrial markers are usually reliant on reference databases, but these are often incomplete. Furthermore, available mitochondrial genomes often lack crucial metadata, such as sampling location, limiting their utility for many analyses. Here, we assembled 205 new mitochondrial genomes for platyrrhine primates, most from the Amazon and with known sampling locations. We present a dated mitogenomic phylogeny based on these samples along with additional published platyrrhine mitogenomes, and use this to assess support for the long‐standing riverine barrier hypothesis (RBH), which proposes that river formation was a major driver of speciation in Amazonian primates. Along the Amazon, Negro, and Madeira rivers, we found mixed support for the RBH. While we identified divergences that coincide with a river barrier, only some occur synchronously and also overlap with the proposed dates of river formation. The most compelling evidence is for the Amazon river potentially driving speciation within bearded saki monkeys (Chiropotes spp.) and within the smallest extant platyrrhines, the marmosets and tamarins. However, we also found that even large rivers do not appear to be barriers for some primates, including howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.), uakaris (Cacajao spp.), sakis (Pithecia spp.), and robust capuchins (Sapajus spp.). Our results support a more nuanced, clade‐specific effect of riverine barriers and suggest that other evolutionary mechanisms, besides the RBH and allopatric speciation, may have played an important role in the diversification of platyrrhines.
Monetary policy, rational confidence, and Neo‐Fisherian depressions
Authors: Gobbi Lucio , Mazzocchi Ronny , Tamborini Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhy do economies fall into depression equilibria with output and inflation below target? What is the appropriate monetary policy? We examine the so‐called “Neo‐Fisherian” claim that, at the zero lower bound of the policy interest rate, and the economy in a depression equilibrium, in order to restore the desired inflation rate the policy rate should be raised consistently with the Fisher equation. To this end, we study a New Keynesian economy where we introduce a process of expectations formation, less explored in the relevant literature, such that agents, facing multiple equilibria, seek to figure out their subjective probabilistic beliefs about the future long‐run equilibrium of the economy (“normality”, with inflation and output reverting to target, or “depression”, with inflation and output remaining below target), driven by the observed state of the economy. Therefore, key to the macroeconomic process is the dynamic interaction between the agents' state of confidence in the return to normality and monetary policy. Differently from comparable works, we find that the Neo‐Fisherian claim is a theoretical possibility depending on the interplay of a set of parameters and very low levels of agents' confidence. Yet, on the basis of simulations of the model, we may say that this possibility is remote for most commonly found empirical values of the relevant parameters. Moreover, the Neo‐Fisherian policy‐rate peg is not sustained by the expectations formation process.
Defining Death
Authors: Charlton William 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDefining death as irreversible cardio-circulatory arrest connects death with ability to resuscitate, raises ethical issues about heart-transplants, and tells us rather when death occurs than what it is. I consider whether death is ceasing to exist, whether immortality is natural for human beings, and whether spatio-temporal continuity is necessary for being the same person. That immortality is natural is alien to Jewish thinking in the Bible, where the idea of existence after death developed only with that of God's transcendent existence. Plato's definition of death as the separate existence of soul and body is grounded on his analysis of intelligence. Christian philosophers now accept that intelligence evolved out of sentience and sentience out of inanimate matter; so they may prefer the Jewish view that existence after death is a gift from God dependent on faith; Aquinas perhaps thought faith stands to natural intelligence much as natural intelligence stands to sentience.
H3K9 demethylases IBM1 and JMJ27 are required for male meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Cheng Jinping , Xu Linhao , Bergér Valentin , Bruckmann Astrid , Yang Chao , Schubert Veit , Grasser Klaus D. , Schnittger Arp , Zheng Binglian , Jiang Hua 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2), a crucial modification for heterochromatin formation and transcriptional silencing, is essential for proper meiotic prophase progression in mammals.

We analyzed meiotic defects and generated genome‐wide profiles of H3K9me2 and transcriptomes for the mutants of H3K9 demethylases. Moreover, we also identified proteins interacting with H3K9 demethylases.

H3K9me2 is usually found at transposable elements and repetitive sequences but is absent from the bodies of protein‐coding genes. In this study, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana H3K9 demethylases IBM1 and JMJ27 cooperatively regulate crossover formation and chromosome segregation. They protect thousands of protein‐coding genes from ectopic H3K9me2, including genes essential for meiotic prophase progression. In addition to removing H3K9me2, IBM1 and JMJ27 interact with the Precocious Dissociation of Sisters 5 (PDS5) cohesin complex cofactors. The pds5 mutant shared similar transcriptional alterations with ibm1 jmj27, including meiosis‐essential genes, yet without affecting H3K9me2 levels.

Hence, PDS5s, together with IBM1 and JMJ27, regulate male meiosis and gene expression independently of H3K9 demethylation. These findings uncover a novel role of H3K9me2 removal in meiosis and a new function of H3K9 demethylases and cohesin cofactors in meiotic transcriptional regulation.
Modified Double‐Row and Double‐Pulley Technique for the Treatment of Type Ia Scapular Glenoid Fractures
Authors: Wang Yizhong , Li Qingxian , Zhang Qingsong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the double‐row and double‐pulley technique in treating anterior shoulder glenoid fracture (Ideberg type Ia) using shoulder arthroscopy.MethodsThirty‐six patients with Ideberg type Ia admitted from March 1, 2017, to March 1, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. Data of the patients' history included age, sex, side of the affected arm, the mean time from injury to surgery, the surgical duration, the average blood loss, and the average total duration of hospital stay. The double‐row and double‐pulley technique was used to repair the scapular glenoid fracture under arthroscopy. Computed tomography (CT) was used to evaluate fracture healing after surgery. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder joint scoring system, and the Constant–Murley shoulder function score were used to assess the function of the affected shoulder.ResultsThe surgical duration was 90–150 min, with a mean of 127 min. The average blood loss was 90 mL (range, 60–120 mL), and the average total duration of hospital stay was 9.2 days (range, 3 to 14 days). At 9 months after surgery, the CT results showed that all fractures healed, and all patients returned to their previous levels of activity and regained an excellent range of motion. The visual analog scale (VAS) score was 7.55 ± 1.32 before surgery, and the VAS score significantly decreased to 1.24 ± 0.72 at 12 months after the operation (p < 0.05). The Constant, ASES, and UCLA shoulder function scores were 44.38 ± 2.16, 43.47 ± 12.76, and 21.80 ± 1.16 before the surgery, respectively, which improved to 93.52 ± 2.82, 91.34 ± 8.28, and 33.24 ± 1.64, respectively, in the following 12 months. One patient experienced fat liquefaction. However, no cases of deep venous thrombosis, iatrogenic neurovascular compromise, wound infection, or neurovascular injury were identified.ConclusionThe double‐row and double‐pulley technique for treating Ideberg type Ia under shoulder arthroscopy has minor surgical trauma, reliable fracture reduction and fixation, less postoperative pain, and fewer postoperative complications and significantly improves the patient's shoulder joint function.
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation increases eye‐gaze on salient facial features and oxytocin release
Authors: Zhu Siyu , Qing Yanan , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Xiaolu , Ding Fangyuan , Zhang Rong , Yao Shuxia , Kendrick Keith M. , Zhao Weihua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNon‐invasive, transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (taVNS) via the ear is used therapeutically in epilepsy, pain, and depression, and may also have beneficial effects on social cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of taVNS are unclear and evidence regarding its role in social cognition improvement is limited. To investigate the impact of taVNS on social cognition we have studied its effects on gaze toward emotional faces in combination with eye‐tracking and on the release of the neuropeptide oxytocin which plays a key role in influencing social cognition and motivation. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled (49 were included in the final analysis) in a sham‐controlled, participant‐blind, crossover experiment, consisting of two treatment sessions 1 week apart. In one session participants received 30‐min taVNS (tragus), and in the other, they received 30‐min sham (earlobe) stimulation with the treatment order counterbalanced. The proportion of time spent viewing the faces and facial features (eyes, nose, and mouth) was measured together with resting pupil size. Additionally, saliva samples were taken for the measurement of oxytocin concentrations by enzyme‐linked immunoassay. Saliva oxytocin concentrations increased significantly after taVNS compared to sham stimulation, while resting pupil size did not. In addition, taVNS increased time spent viewing the nose region irrespective of face emotion, and this was positively correlated with increased saliva oxytocin concentrations. Our findings suggest that taVNS biases visual attention toward socially salient facial features across different emotions and this is associated with its effects on increasing endogenous oxytocin release.
Impact of the Trump Administration's Expanded Global Gag Rule Policy on Family Planning Service Provision in Ethiopia
Authors: Sully Elizabeth A. , Shiferaw Solomon , Seme Assefa , Bell Suzanne O. , Giorgio Margaret 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Global Gag Rule (GGR) makes non‐U.S. nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) ineligible for U.S. Government global health funding if they provide, refer, or promote access to abortion. This study quantitatively examines the impacts of the GGR on family planning service provision in Ethiopia. Using a panel of health facilities (2017–2020), we conduct a pre–post analysis to investigate the overall changes in family planning service provision before and after the policy came into effect in Ethiopia. Our pre–post analyses revealed post‐GGR reductions in the proportions of facilities reporting family planning provision through community health volunteers (−5.6, 95% CI [−10.2, −1.0]), mobile outreach visits (−13.1, 95% CI [−17.8, −8.4]), and family planning and postabortion care service integration (−4.8, 95% CI: [−9.1, −0.5]), as well as a 6.1 percentage points increase in contraceptive stock‐outs over the past three months (95% CI [−0.6, 12.8]). We further investigate the impacts of the GGR on facilities exposed to noncompliant organizations that did not sign the policy and lost U.S. funding. We do not find any significant additional impacts on facilities in regions more exposed to noncompliant organizations. Overall, while the GGR was slow to fully impact NGOs in Ethiopia, it ultimately resulted in negative impacts on family planning service provision.
Confocal Raman spectroscopy is suitable to assess hair cleansing‐derived skin dryness on human scalp
Authors: Kourbaj Ghaith , Bielfeldt Stephan , Kruse Iryna , Wilhelm Klaus‐Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this pilot study was to provide information about the washout‐dependent depletion of important skin components in the horny layer of the scalp. They were taken as markers for scalp drying effects of cosmetic cleansing products and were measured directly in vivo.MethodIn vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the depletion of the total natural moisturizing factor (total NMF) and some of its components (urea and lactic acid) as well as a fraction of stratum corneum lipids, after repeated washing with a standard shampoo on the human scalp.ResultsThe measurements showed a reduction in the amount of NMF and lipids of the stratum corneum caused by repeated shampooing.ConclusionConfocal Raman spectroscopy is an innovative technology that can be used successfully in vivo on the hairy scalp. The loss of the most important skin components caused by hair washing can be quantified directly with this technology. The method is valuable to support the development cosmetic cleansing products, as it is suitable to directly compare the effects of different product candidates on the human scalp in a most realistic way.
Gender, Immigration and Commuting in Metropolitan Canada
Authors: Preston Valerie , McLafferty Sara , Maciejewska Monika 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTImmigrant workers often commute by transit more than other workers. Although immigrants' reliance on transit is often attributed to the same factors as women's reliance on transit: low incomes, limited access to cars, and a tendency to work close to home, gender differences are discussed rarely in analyses of immigrant commuting. Using 2016 Census of Canada microdata, we examine the use of four commute modes: driving, transit, active commuting in the form of walking and biking and being driven to work by immigrant men and women. Multinomial logistic regression indicates how economic, social, housing and metropolitan characteristics influence the use of each commute mode. Immigrant women, especially recent immigrants, are more likely to use alternative modes than immigrant men in all metropolitan areas. The findings underscore the importance of rapid and reliable transit to ensure equitable geographical access to employment for immigrant women, particularly during their first 10 years in Canada.
Transnasal endoscopy: moving from endoscopy to the clinical outpatient–blue sky thinking in oesophageal testing
Authors: Lim Samuel , Haboubi Hasan Nadim , Anderson Simon H C , Dawson Patrick , Machado Ana Paula , Mangsat Edna , Santos Sara , Wong Terry , Zeki Sebastian , Dunn Jason 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 has severely affected UK endoscopy services with an estimate 86% loss of activity during the first wave. Subsequent delays in diagnostic and surveillance procedures highlight the need for novel solutions to tackle the resultant backlog. Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) provides an attractive option compared with conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy given its limited use of space, no sedation and reduced nursing resources.Our experienceWe describe piloting and then establishing an outpatient model TNE service in the pandemic era and the implications on resource allocation, training and workforce. We also discuss our experiences and outline ways in which services can evolve to undertake more complex endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic work. Over 90% of patients describe no discomfort and those who have previously experienced conventional transoral endoscopy preferred the transnasal approach. We describe a low complication rate (0.8%) comprising two episodes of mild epistaxis. The average procedure duration was reasonable (9.9±5.0 min) with full adherence to Joint Advisory Group quality standards. All biopsies assessed were deemed sufficient for diagnosis including those for surveillance procedures.DiscussionTNE can offer a safe, tolerable, high-quality service outside of a conventional endoscopy setting. Expanding procedural capacity without impacting on the current endoscopy footprint has great potential in recovering endoscopy services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Looking forward, TNE has potential to be used both within the endoscopy suite as part of therapeutic procedures, or outside of the endoscopy unit in outpatient clinics, community hospitals, or mobile units and to achieve this in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way.
Local available quantum correlations of X states: The symmetric and anti-symmetric cases
Authors: Albrecht Hermann , Bellorín David , Mundarain Douglas F. 
Published: May 2022

Local available quantum correlations (LAQC), as defined by Mundarain et al., are analyzed for two-qubit X states with local Bloch vectors of equal magnitude. Symmetric X-states are invariant under the exchange of subsystems, hence having the same Bloch vector. On the other hand, anti-symmetric X states have Bloch vectors with an equal magnitude but opposite direction. In both cases, we obtain exact analytical expressions for their LAQC quantifier. We present some examples and compare this quantum correlation to concurrence and quantum discord. We have also included Markovian decoherence, with Werner states under amplitude damping decoherence. As is the case for depolarization and phase damping, no sudden death behavior occurs for the LAQC of these states with this quantum channel.
Modeling and parametric study ofsolid oxide fuel cell performance
Authors: Mankour Mohamed , Sekour M’hamed 
Published: May 2022

<p>Renewable energies are in the news these days and are seen as a solution to endorse energy independence and diminish greenhouse releases. One possible new renewable source that is emerging as a promising technology is the fuel cell. The ‘F.C’ is an electrochemical system that transfers the chemical power of a redox response into electrical energy with simultaneous production of water and heat. In fact, there are numerous kinds of fuel cells; in our work we are interested in studying the solid oxide fuel cellSOFC. In the context of this work, a modeling tool has been implemented SOFCs to the analogy between the electrical, thermal and chemical domains; this way of proceeding constitutes a simple, evolutionary and efficient tool. Using this modeling, a simulation was carried out in order to obtain the dissimilar characteristics and the impact of the studied parameters on the performance of the SOFC fuel cell. </p><p> </p>
Network analysis in legal history: an example from the Court of Friesland
Authors: de Jong Hylkje , van Dijck Gijs 
Published: May 2022

Summary
This article focuses on the references (allegations) made by the lawyers in a selected number of cases to Roman and customary law as well as to court decisions when arguing their case. The analysis focuses on three similar civil litigation records from the Court of Friesland from 1716, 1718 and 1720. Network analysis was used to examine whether certain sources were more dominant (i.e. more central) in the network than others and to explore the relationship between the references. The lawyers in the three cases from the Court of Friesland appear to have used some references in common when arguing whether security rights (i.e. mortgages) included a right of pursuit and whether the auctioneer could recover the object if the buyer failed to pay.
Fortunatus und die Null
Authors: Wiesinger Michaela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fortunatus is a rich man: Fortuna gave him a little bag, that always contains 10 gold coins when he reaches inside. The motive of the bag has been studied in terms of its economic power; this article wants to introduce another interpretation that connects the bag to the increasing relevance of the Hindu-Arabic numerals. The symbol for and the meaning of the Zero as well as the metaphorical overlap of the bag and the female reproductive organ will be the focus of this study.
The Gold Coast Brigade’s Crossing of the Juba River, Italian Somaliland, February 1941
Authors: Stapleton Timothy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In February 1941, West African troops conducted an opposed crossing of the Juba River in Italian Somaliland that, together with a South African crossing to the south, became a decisive action of the East Africa campaign of the Second World War. After the Juba was breached, Italian resistance in Somaliland crumbled with British imperial forces originating in Kenya taking Mogadishu in a few days and advancing into Ethiopia. Based on archival documents, this article pursues two aims. The first is to recover the little-known contribution of West African units during an important Second World War campaign. The second is to present the British-led West African action at Juba as an example of a successful river crossing long considered among the most difficult military operations. The intention is to provide an African example of operational military history traditionally dominated by case studies related to Europe, North America, and Asia.
Inheritance of NSAID‐Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Suikkila Anna , Lyly Annina , Hafrén Lena , Saarinen Riitta , Klockars Tuomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)–exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD) has been considered an acquired condition. Positive first‐degree family history has been reported in 1% of cases. The geographic and genetic isolation of the Finnish population offers exceptional opportunities for inheritance studies. In this questionnaire study, we explored the familial aggregation of N‐ERD in 66 Finnish families of patients with N‐ERD. The majority of patients (67%) had a positive family history of NSAID intolerance, asthma, nasal polyposis, or N‐ERD. Furthermore, 55% had a positive first‐degree family history of asthma, 21% nasal polyposis, 20% NSAID intolerance, and 11% N‐ERD. The prevalence of asthma, nasal polyposis, NSAID intolerance, and N‐ERD among first‐degree relatives was 13%, 5%, 4%, and 2%, respectively. We present the pedigrees of the 44 affected families. According to our findings, Finnish patients with N‐ERD seem to have a genetic susceptibility to it.