bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-dementia medication use in Aotearoa New Zealand: An exploratory study using health data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI)
Authors: Chan Amy Hai Yan , Hikaka Jo anna , To Edith , Cullum Sarah , Ma’u Etuini , Ryan Brigid , Rivera-Rodriguez Claudia , Cheung Gary 
Published: September 2022

Objective: Anti-dementia medications such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are an important part of the management pathway for dementia. However, there are limited data in New Zealand that have examined the rates and patterns of use of funded anti-dementia medication and how use differs with ethnicity, age and sex. Methods: This was a retrospective population-based descriptive study. Using the Integrated Data Infrastructure, we identified individuals of all ages coded for a diagnosis of dementia and estimated the proportion dispensed funded anti-dementia medication – donepezil tablets and rivastigmine patches – between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2020. Rates of medication use in five main ethnic groups (Māori, Pacific peoples, Asian, European, and Middle Eastern, Latin American and African) in the <65, 65–79 and 80 and over (80+) age groups were compared and also between males and females in all sub-groups. Log-binomial models were used to calculate relative risks to determine any differences in anti-dementia medication use in the five ethnic groups and the three age groups and between males and females in each of the four study years. Results: Overall, one-third of the dementia population received a funded anti-dementia medication in the total population (all ages) between 2016 and 2020. Donepezil tablets were dispensed in 31.6–34.0% and rivastigmine patches in 1.4–2.1% across the four study years. Compared to people of European ethnicity, Māori, Pacific peoples, and Middle Eastern, Latin American and African groups were less likely to be dispensed an anti-dementia medication (Māori: relative risk = 0.79–0.81, p < 0.0001; Pacific peoples: relative risk = 0.72–0.74, p < 0.0001; Middle Eastern, Latin American and African: relative risk = 0.73–0.78, p < 0.05). Compared to the age 80+ group, the 65–79 age group was more likely (relative risk = 1.50–1.54, p < 0.0001), while the age <65 group was less likely (relative risk = 0.67–0.71, p < 0.0001) to be dispensed an anti-dementia medication. There were no statistically significant differences in anti-dementia medication use between males and females. Conclusion: This study provides important information about funded anti-dementia medication use in New Zealand and how this differs by ethnicity, age and sex. Despite higher dementia prevalence in Māori and Pacific peoples, these groups were less likely to receive funded anti-dementia medication.
Building a Culture of Peace: The San José de Apartadó Peace Community
Authors: Linares Sánchez Malely , Postigo Gómez Inmaculada , Moreno Fernández Román D. 
Published: September 2022

The case of the Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó (San José de Apartadó Peace Community) in the Urabá region of Antioquia, Colombia—a geostrategic territory disputed by various actors in conflict—calls attention to the importance of the transformation and handling of social and political conflicts and building a culture of peace. El caso de la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó en la región de Urabá en Antioquia, Colombia, un territorio geoestratégico disputado por diversos actores en conflicto, nos remite a la importancia de la transformación y manejo de los conflictos sociales y políticos, así como la construcción de una cultura de paz.
Changes in vestibular and cochlear function following platinum-based chemotherapy: A preliminary report
Authors: Ehlert Katerina , Heinze Barbara , Graham Marien A , Swanepoel De Wet 
Published: September 2022

Objectives This study investigated the changes in vestibular and cochlear function in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods A longitudinal study of 32 participants (10-70 years) receiving chemotherapy participated in the study. Baseline and exit vestibular and hearing assessments that included video head impulse (VHIT) testing, cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP), dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and pure-tone audiometry were performed at the patient’s treatment venue. Results Half (50%) of the participants showed cochleotoxicity from baseline to exit testing, with left ears significantly more affected than right ears. There was no consistent relationship between hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. DVA yielded normal results at baseline and exit testing in all participants. VEMP responses were absent in 28.1% of participants at baseline, reflecting the challenges of using VEMP for monitoring. VEMP and VHIT results showed a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) decline in results from baseline to exit testing; however, participants did not report symptoms related to vestibular dysfunction. VHIT also showed left ears significantly ( p < 0.05) more affected than right ears. Conclusion VHIT proved to be a valuable measure of changes in vestibular function secondary to ototoxicity. Future investigations should determine vestibulotoxicity criteria and optimal protocols for vestibulotoxicity monitoring at the patient’s treatment venue.
Gluteal Reshaping Using a Simple Device for Collecting Fat
Authors: Mahgoub Mohamed Ali , Zeina Ahmed Mahmoud , Bahaa El-Deen Ahmed Mohamed , El-Sabbagh Ahmed Hassan 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Liposuction was popularized in the 80s of the previous century. Later, fat graft was widely used to augment different parts of the body especially the gluteal area. Fat collection is a part of the process of fat injection. Different methods have been described for fat collection. The objective is to address the outcome results of collecting large amount of fat using a chest tube canister for gluteal augmentation. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 females were operated for gluteal reshaping. Our choice was fat grafting for augmentation and correction of any depressed scars. The fat was collected using a canister of chest tube. Patients were assessed by measurement of hip circumference and by the usage of Likert scale with some modifications. Results: The mean amount of liposuction was about 4315 cm3 and the mean amount of fat injected was about 1250 cm3 per secession. After 6 months, hip circumference was increased by 4.045 cm. Actually, more than half of patients (65%) were strongly satisfied. One patient suffered from oily cyst that was excised surgically. Conclusion: The canister is safe, cheap, and effective method for collection and preparation of large volume of fat.
Transnational families’ social spaces ‘in between’: Expectations, decision-making and belonging in light of educational choices in Norway
Authors: Purkarthofer Judith 
Published: September 2022

Connections between linguistic heterogeneity, educational choices and (family) biographies are complex and ever shifting. With this paper, my aim is to explore the question how social spaces are constructed by multilingual families in migration societies and how they situate social spaces ‘in between’, thereby challenging both binary and national logics and creating third spaces. Especially in view of national educational institutions, family decisions on language transmission and use are reflected upon and at times re-evaluated.Analysis of family interviews with German migrants in Norway shows how both continuity and change are relevant for the parents as they try to produce an uninterrupted family biography but at the same time need to be open to adaptations to new situations. Expectations, language ideologies and perspectives that transcend one’s own family spaces gain relevance while (national) institutions may call for changes in language regimes and practices.
Transcatheter Closure of a Paravalvular Leak After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With 3-Dimensional Printing Guidance: A Case Report
Authors: Mao Yu , Ma Yanyan , Liu Yang , Jin Ping , Li Lanlan , Yang Jian 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Our goal was to report the transcatheter closure of a paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) using 3-dimensional (3D) printing. Case Report: A 66-year-old man who had undergone transapical and TAVR 2 years ago due to aortic regurgitation, presented with palpitations and shortness of breath owing to exacerbation of paravalvular regurgitation. Echocardiography suggested that the stented aortic valve was fixed securely in place and the valve leaflets moved normally after TAVR, but there was severe paravalvular regurgitation (3 bundles, volume 11.0 mL). Due to the high surgical risk, we closed the transcatheter paravalvular leak using preprocedural guidance with 3D printing and intraprocedural guidance with digital subtraction angiography. Postoperative echocardiography showed that the paravalvular leak was significantly reduced. 3D construction showed that the occluders and the stent valve were well placed. Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of a paravalvular leak of the aortic valve may be feasible with appropriate pre- and intraoperative 3D printing guidance. Clinical Impact 3D printing technology may help surgeons to make accurate preoperative strategy before occlusion procedures.
External Locking Plate Fixation for Femoral Subtrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Chiu Yen-Chun , Wu Chin-Hsien , Tsai Kun-Ling , Jou I-Ming , Tu Yuan-Kun , Ma Ching-Hou 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Internal fixation is the treatment of choice for subtrochanteric fractures in most conditions. However, it may be an unsuitable procedure for patients with poor health status, osteomyelitis, and surrounding soft tissue compromise. This study aimed to ascertain the viability and reliability of using external locking plate fixation for these difficult cases. Methods Eleven patients with femoral subtrochanteric fractures who received external locking plate fixation in our institute from January 2014 to December 2019 were enrolled in our study. The bone union time, wound complication, alignment, and necessity for narcotic agents were evaluated. Results The average length of follow-up was 17.5 months (range, 14-26 months). The mean time for bone union was 17.7 weeks (range, 15-21 weeks). The indications included poor health condition, soft tissue compromise, and post-operative osteomyelitis. Pin tract infection was noted in two patients who were treated successfully with oral antibiotics administration and removal of the involved screws. Osseous union with varus deformity <10° was achieved in all patients except one. Three patients required an orally administered pain killer at the final visit. The average Harris Hip Score at one year post-operatively was 66.6 (range, 49-80). Conclusions Although the current study only involved 11 patients, we believe that our method may serve as a valuable alternative for the treatment of a femoral subtrochanteric fracture in selected cases. Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective case series
Does the Gender of Your Friends Matter for Sexist Attitudes About Women?
Authors: Jenkins Diana L. , Xiao Sonya Xinyue , Martin Carol Lynn 
Published: September 2022

Building upon two complimentary theoretical frameworks related to group relations (i.e., Intergroup Contact Theory and Peer Exposure), we examined how emerging adults’ friendships with men and women were related to their hostile sexism, benevolent sexism, and sexual objectification attitudes. Participants were 212 college students ( M age = 20.20 years, SD = 2.08; 62% female; 58% White) from a large southwestern university. Results provided support for Intergroup Contact Theory and for a Peer Exposure effect, but only for men. Specifically, for men, having female friends was negatively associated with hostile sexism, and having male friends was positively related to hostile sexism; neither friendship type related to benevolent sexism. For women, no significant relations between friends and attitudes were found; this is likely due to the assessed attitudes being about women (their own group). The findings suggest a promising pathway to mitigate gender-based prejudice for men through cross-gender friendships.
Using environmental monitoring data from apex predators for chemicals management: towards harmonised sampling and processing of archived wildlife samples to increase the regulatory uptake of monitoring data in chemicals management
Authors: Badry Alexander , Slobodnik Jaroslav , Alygizakis Nikiforos , Bunke Dirk , Cincinelli Alessandra , Claßen Daniela , Dekker Rene W. R. J. , Duke Guy , Dulio Valeria , Göckener Bernd , Gkotsis Georgios , Hanke Georg , Jartun Morten , Movalli Paola , Nika Maria-Christina , Rüdel Heinz , Thomaidis Nikolaos S. , Tarazona Jose V. , Tornero Victoria , Treu Gabriele , Vorkamp Katrin , Walker Lee A. , Koschorreck Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonitoring data from apex predators were key drivers in the development of early chemicals legislations due to the population declines of many species during the twentieth century, which was linked to certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Besides triggering the development of global treaties (e.g. the Stockholm Convention), chemical monitoring data from apex predators have been particularly important for identifying compounds with bioaccumulative properties under field conditions. Many apex predators are protected species and only a few environmental specimen banks (ESBs) regularly collect samples as many ESBs were established during the 1980–1990s when apex predators were scarce. Today, many POPs have been banned, which contributed to the recovery of many apex predator populations. As a consequence, apex predator samples are now available in research collections (RCs) and natural history museums (NHMs). These samples can be used for routine analysis as well as for screening studies using novel analytical techniques and advanced data treatment workflows, such as suspect and non-target screening. The LIFE APEX project has demonstrated how these samples can be used in a cost-efficient way to generate data on legacy compounds and contaminants of emerging concern. Furthermore, it has described quality assurance/control measures to ensure high quality and comparable data, with a view to uses in chemicals risk assessment and management. To increase the visibility of available sample collections and monitoring data from apex predators we developed accessible online database systems. Additionally, the acquired high-resolution mass spectrometric data were stored in a digital sample freezing platform that allows retrospective suspect screening in previously analysed samples for substances that may be of concern/under assessment in the future. These databases provide open access to a wide range of chemical data, for use by regulators, researchers, industry and the general public, and contribute to a stronger link between science and policy.
Organellar genome comparisons of Sargassum polycystum and S. plagiophyllum (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) with other Sargassum species
Authors: Zhang Shuangshuang , Liang Yanshuo , Zhang Jie , Draisma Stefano G. A. , Duan Delin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Sargassum plagiophyllum C. Agardh are inhabitants of tropical coastal areas, their populations are negatively influenced by global warming and marine environment changes. The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of these species have not been sequenced.

Results
The mitochondrial genomes of S. polycystum and S. plagiophyllum were 34,825 bp and 34,862 bp, respectively, and their corresponding chloroplast genomes were 124,493 bp and 124,536 bp, respectively. The mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of these species share conserved synteny, sequence regions and gene number when compared with the organellar genomes of other Sargassum species. Based on sequence analysis of 35 protein-coding genes, we deduced that S. polycystum and S. plagiophyllum were closely related with S. ilicifolium; these species diverged approximately 0.3 million years ago (Ma; 0.1–0.53 Ma) during the Pleistocene period (0.01–2.59 Ma). Rates of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions in the mitochondrial genome of the Sargassum genus were 3 times higher than those in the chloroplast genome. In the mitochondrial genome, rpl5, rpl31 and rps11 had the highest synonymous substitution rates. In the chloroplast genome, psaE, rpl14 and rpl27 had the highest synonymous substitution rates.

Conclusions
Phylogenetic analysis confirms the close relationship between the two sequenced species and S. ilicifolium. Both synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates show significant divergence between the group of mitochondrial genomes versus the group of chloroplast genomes. The deciphering of complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes is significant as it advances our understanding of the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships between species of brown seaweeds.
Examining the role of paraoxonase 2 in the dopaminergic system of the mouse brain
Authors: Garrick Jacqueline M. , Dao Khoi , Costa Lucio G. , Marsillach Judit , Furlong Clement E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is an intracellular antioxidant enzyme located at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Previous studies have found PON2 to be an important antioxidant in a variety of cellular systems, such as the cardiovascular and renal system. Recent work has also suggested that PON2 plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), as decreased PON2 expression in the CNS leads to higher oxidative stress and subsequent cell toxicity. However, the precise role of PON2 in the CNS is still largely unknown, and what role it may play in specific regions of the brain remains unexamined. Dopamine metabolism generates considerable oxidative stress and antioxidant function is critical to the survival of dopaminergic neurons, providing a potential mechanism for PON2 in the dopaminergic system.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the role of PON2 in the dopaminergic system of the mouse brain by comparing transcript and protein expression of dopaminergic-related genes in wildtype (WT) and PON2 deficient (PON2-def) mouse striatum, and exposing WT cultured primary neurons to dopamine receptor agonists.

Results
We found alterations in multiple key dopaminergic genes at the transcript level, however many of these changes were not observed at the protein level. In cultured neurons, PON2 mRNA and protein were increased upon exposure to quinpirole, a dopamine receptor 2/3 (DRD2/3) agonist, but not fenoldopam, a dopamine receptor 1/5 (DRD1/5) agonist, suggesting a receptor-specific role in dopamine signaling.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest PON2 deficiency significantly impacts the dopaminergic system at the transcript level and may play a role in mitigating oxidative stress in this system further downstream through dopamine receptor signaling.
“We’re already doing this work”: ethical research with community-based organizations
Authors: Fielding-Miller Rebecca , Kim Sarah , Bowles Jeanette , Streuli Samantha , Davidson Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Public health research frequently relies on collaborations with community-based organizations, and these partnerships can be essential to the success of a project. However, while public health ethics and oversight policies have historically focused on ensuring that individual subjects are protected from unethical or unfair practices, there are few guidelines to protect the organizations which facilitate relationships with – and are frequently composed of – these same vulnerable populations. As universities, governments, and donors place a renewed emphasis on the need for community engaged research to address systematic drivers of health inequity, it is vital that the ways in which research is conducted does not uphold the same intersecting systems of gender, race, and class oppression which led to the very same health inequities of interest.

Methods
To understand how traditional notions of public health research ethics might be expanded to encompass partnerships with organizations as well as individuals, we conducted qualitative interviews with 39 staff members (executive directors and frontline) at community-based organizations that primarily serve people who use drugs, Black men who have sex with men, and sex workers across the United States from January 2016 – August 2017. We also conducted 11 in-depth interviews with professional academic researchers with experience partnering with CBOs that serve similar populations. Transcripts were analyzed thematically using emergent codes and a priori codes derived from the Belmont Report.

Results
The concepts of respect, beneficence, and justice are a starting point for collaboration with CBOs, but participants deepened them beyond traditional regulatory concepts to consider the ethics of relationships, care, and solidarity. These concepts could and should apply to the treatment of organizations that participate in research just as they apply to individual human subjects, although their implementation will differ when applied to CBOs vs individual human subjects.

Conclusions
Academic-CBO partnerships are likely to be more successful for both academics and CBOs if academic researchers work to center individual-level relationship building that is mutually respectful and grounded in cultural humility. More support from academic institutions and ethical oversight entities can enable more ethically grounded relationships between academic researchers, academic institutions, and community based organizations.
A comparative analysis of diagnostic values of high-frequency ultrasound and fiberoptic ductoscopy for pathologic nipple discharge
Authors: Yuan Hongmei , Tang Xuemei , Mou Xurong , Fan Yuhong , Yan Xiang , Li Jinsui , Hou Lingmi , Ren Min 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) for pathologic nipple discharge (PND).

Methods
HFUS and FDS were conducted in 210 patients with PND (248 lesions) treated at our hospital. The diagnostic accuracy of these two methods was compared using pathological diagnosis as the standard.

Results
Among 248 lesions, 16 and 15 of 16 malignant lesions were accurately diagnosed by HFUS and FDS, respectively. Of 232 benign lesions, 183 and 196 cases were accurately diagnosed by HFUS and FDS, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of HFUS in diagnosis of intraductal lesions were 84.36% (95% CI 79.26–88.39%), 60% (95% CI 23.07–92.89%), 96.03% (95% CI 96.55–99.83%), and 7.31% (95% CI 2.52–19.4%) respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of FDS in diagnosis of intraductal lesions were 86.83% (95% CI 82.00–90.52%), 100% (95% CI 56.55–100%), 100% (95% CI 98.21–100%), and 13.51% (95% CI 5.91–27.98%) respectively. Diagnostic accuracy rates of HFUS and FDS were 83.87% (208/248) and 85.08% (211/248), respectively, exhibiting no statistically differences (χ2 = 0.80, P > 0.05). The accuracy of HFUS combined with FDS was 93.14% (231/248), showing statistically differences (χ2 = 10.91, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Both HFUS and FDS demonstrated high diagnostic values for PND. HFUS has the advantage of non-invasive for nipple discharge with duct ectasia, exhibited good qualitative and localization diagnostic values. It is the preferred evaluation method for patients with nipple discharge. When HFUS cannot identify the cause of PND, FDS can be considered.