bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Outcome of Coagulation Instability in Protoplanetary Disks. II. Dust-ring Formation Mediated by Backreaction and Fragmentation
Authors: Tominaga Ryosuke T. , Tanaka Hidekazu , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In our previous work (Paper I), we demonstrated that coagulation instability results in dust concentration against depletion due to the radial drift and accelerates dust growth locally. In this work (Paper II), we perform numerical simulations of coagulation instability taking into account effects of backreaction to gas and collisional fragmentation of dust grains. We find that the slowdown of the dust drift due to backreaction regulates dust concentration in the nonlinear growth phase of coagulation instability. The dust-to-gas surface density ratio increases from 10−3 up to ∼10−2. Each resulting dust ring tends to have a mass of ≃0.5 M
⊕ − 1.5 M
⊕ in our disk model. In contrast to Paper I, the dust surface density profile shows a local plateau structure at each dust ring. In spite of the regulation at the nonlinear growth, the efficient dust concentration reduces their collision velocity. As a result, dust grains can grow beyond the fragmentation barrier, and the dimensionless stopping time reaches unity, as in Paper I. The necessary condition for the efficient dust growth is (1) weak turbulence of α < 1 × 10−3 and (2) a large critical velocity for dust fragmentation (>1 m s−1). The efficient dust concentration in outer regions will reduce the inward pebble flux and is expected to decelerate the planet formation via the pebble accretion. We also find that the resulting rings can be unstable to secular gravitational instability (GI). The subsequent secular GI promotes planetesimal formation. We thus expect that a combination of these instabilities is a promising mechanism for dust-ring and planetesimal formation.
Complexity of the Upper Solar Atmosphere Revealed from Spectropolarimetry during a Solar Eclipse
Authors: Qu Z. Q. , Chang L. , Dun G. T. , Xu Z. , Cheng X. M. , Deng L. H. , Zhang X. Y. , Jin Y. H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We analyze linear polarimetric spectrum data of solar emission lines with different formation temperatures in a visible light band from 516.3–532.6 nm, obtained during the 2013 Gabon solar eclipse using the prototype Fiber Arrayed Solar Optical Telescope. Complexities are found from the chromosphere through the transition zone to the corona at the spatial resolution limit of 2″ and temporal resolution of seconds. The observations show irregular spatial and spectral variations in linear polarization amplitudes, directions, and profile shapes. Within the observational band, spectral lines with different formation temperatures can have comparable polarization amplitudes in one spatial volume but one order difference in another, and at the same spatial volume, the amplitudes can differ by one order at different lines. The polarization amplitudes do not consistently increase with elongation in local regions. The variation in the direction of the polarization along the elongation is found from the green coronal line and the transition zone line more frequently than from the chromospheric lines. Such a variation in orientation is not synchronous for the different lines. Finally, Stokes Q/I profiles of the broad lines, such as the magnesium triplet and the green coronal line, show very diverse and complicated patterns. After pixel binning, we show that some of the complexity may be caused by the integration over different polarization sources at subresolution scales and/or along the line of sight in the optically thin layers with complex geometric corrugations.
Probing Accretion Turbulence in the Galactic Center with EHT Polarimetry
Authors: Ni Chunchong , Broderick Avery E. , Gold Roman 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Magnetic fields grown by instabilities driven by differential rotation are believed to be essential to accretion onto black holes. These instabilities saturate in a turbulent state; therefore, the spatial and temporal variability in the horizon-resolving images of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) will be able to empirically assess this critical aspect of accretion theory. However, interstellar scattering blurs high-frequency radio images from the Galactic center and introduces spurious small-scale structures, complicating the interpretation of spatial fluctuations in the image. We explore the impact of interstellar scattering on the polarized images of Sgr A* and demonstrate that for credible physical parameters, the intervening scattering is non-birefringent. Therefore, we construct a scattering mitigation scheme that exploits horizon-resolving polarized millimeter/submillimeter VLBI observations to generate statistical measures of the intrinsic spatial fluctuations and therefore the underlying accretion flow turbulence. An optimal polarization basis is identified, corresponding to measurements of the fluctuations in magnetic field orientation in three dimensions. We validate our mitigation scheme using simulated data sets and find that current and future ground-based experiments will readily be able to accurately measure the image-fluctuation power spectrum.
Deep Learning–based Fast Spectral Inversion of Hα and Ca ii 8542 Line Spectra
Authors: Lee Kyoung-Sun , Chae Jongchul , Park Eunsu , Moon Yong-Jae , Kwak Hannah , Cho Kyuhyoun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A multilayer spectral inversion (MLSI) model has recently been proposed for inferring the physical parameters of plasmas in the solar chromosphere from strong absorption lines taken by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS). We apply a deep neural network (DNN) technique in order to produce the MLSI outputs with reduced computational costs. We train the model using two absorption lines, Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å, taken by FISS, and 13 physical parameters obtained from the application of MLSI to 49 raster scans (∼2,000,000 spectra). We use a fully connected network with skip connections and multi-branch architecture to avoid the problem of vanishing gradients and to improve the model’s performance. Our test shows that the DNN successfully reproduces the physical parameters for each line with high accuracy and a computing time of about 0.3–0.4 ms per line, which is about 250 times faster than the direct application of MLSI. We also confirm that the DNN reliably reproduces the temporal variations of the physical parameters generated by the MLSI inversion. By taking advantage of the high performance of the DNN, we plan to provide physical parameter maps for all the FISS observations, in order to understand the chromospheric plasma conditions in various solar features.
Does the Lockstep Growth between Black Holes and Bulges Create Their Mass Relation?
Authors: Yang 杨 Guang 光 , Brandt W. N. , Alexander David M. , Boquien Médéric , Ni Qingling , Papovich Casey , Spilker Justin S. , Vito Fabio , Walsh Jonelle L. , Zhang Chengpeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a strong relation between the sample-averaged black hole (BH) accretion rate (BHAR) and star formation rate (SFR) among bulge-dominated galaxies—i.e., “lockstep” BH–bulge growth—in the distant universe. This relation might be closely connected to the BH–bulge mass correlation observed in the local universe. To further understand BH–bulge coevolution, we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) CO(2–1) or CO(3–2) observations of seven star-forming bulge-dominated galaxies at z = 0.5–2.5. Using the ALMA data, we detect significant (>3σ) CO emission from four objects. For our sample of seven galaxies, we measure (or constrain with upper limits) their CO line fluxes and estimate their molecular gas masses (M
gas). We also estimate their stellar masses (M
star) and SFRs, by modeling their spectral energy distributions. Using these physical properties, we derive the gas depletion timescales (τ
dep ≡ M
gas/SFR) and compare them with the bulge/BH growth timescales (τ
grow ≡ M
star/SFR ∼ M
BH/BHAR). Our sample generally has τ
dep shorter than τ
grow by a median factor of ≳4, indicating that the cold gas will be depleted before significant bulge/BH growth takes place. This result suggests that BH–bulge lockstep growth is mainly responsible for maintaining the mass relation, not creating it. We note that our sample is small and limited to z < 2.5; JWST and ALMA will be able to probe to higher redshifts in the near future.
« Théorie du voyage » ou Kaioling des Idées : Focus sur Edward Saïd et Georg Lukács
Authors: Jun Ye 
Published: November 2022

Saïd a développé certaines idées intéressantes sur le contexte et le mouvement migratoire des idées et théories, qui sont ensuite devenues un modèle théorique appelé « Traveling Theory ». En relation avec la théorie de Saïd basée sur son voyage d’un endroit à l’autre, du Moyen-Orient à l’Amérique du Nord, cet essai tente de trouver un autre type de filiations théoriques, centrée autour de Lukács. Il tente d’ouvrir une nouvelle voie pour identifier le point aveugle de la Théorie du Voyage de Saïd, réinterrogeant le problème de la Théorie du Voyage à travers la Qiaoyixue définie au moyen de la culture traditionnelle chinoise, mettant en évidence le sens total des modes de pensée orientaux, afin de déployer un nouveau type de dialogue interculturel, qui pourrait éclairer de façon plus complète le processus de fabrication des idées.
Gauche, droite, au-delà ou en deçà : essai de théorie politique
Authors: Leterre Thierry 
Published: November 2022

Une vaste littérature a été consacrée aux notions de droite et de gauche politiques. Cet article vise une nouvelle approche du phénomène en adoptant un point de vue délibérément théorique. Au lieu de se demander ce que « sont » la gauche et la droite, la question est de déterminer quel type de politique se pense à travers ces catégories. Partant de la nature spatiale de ces dernières, Thierry Leterre interroge leur projection en politique et montre qu'elles coïncident avec une « démocratie de sens ». Il oppose celle-ci à la « démocratie de rébellion », et à la « démocratie d'acclamation », ainsi qu'à la gestion technocratique des affaires politiques, trois formes politiques résultant de l'ambition de se débarrasser des concepts de droite et de gauche.
De la soumission aux mots de « gauche » et « droite » à une citoyenneté active
Authors: Loty Laurent 
Published: November 2022

Une histoire des mots « gauche » et « droite » a été publiée par M. Gauchet en 1993 : leur usage ne s’impose que pendant la Restauration, au sein du milieu politique, tandis que les électeurs ne s’identifient à la « gauche » ou à la « droite » qu’après 1900. L’adaptabilité de cette matrice démocratique en ferait toutefois une structure indépassable. Mais les mots peuvent aveugler, et l’histoire de « gauche » et « droite » peut être interprétée autrement : ces mots ont suscité une identification manichéenne et institué une soumission volontaire des citoyens. Or, ni le manichéisme ni les systèmes d’élection actuels ne sont des fatalités. Le vote par classement de préférences, une déprofessionnalisation de la politique et un examen régulier de la Constitution seraient des améliorations majeures pour une démocratie à jamais inachevée.
Askêsis , genèse de la vertu et exemplarité de Socrate chez Platon et Xénophon
Authors: Dorion Louis-André 
Published: November 2022

La première question que cette étude examine est celle du rôle que le Socrate de Platon et le Socrate de Xénophon reconnaissent à l’ askêsis dans la genèse de la vertu. La question de l’ askêsis débouche à son tour sur une autre question, celle de l’exemplarité de Socrate. Dans la mesure où celui qui s’exerce à la vertu a besoin d’un modèle, il faut également examiner si Platon et Xénophon proposent Socrate comme un modèle digne d’être imité. L’étude qui suit s’inspire de l’approche que j’ai coutume d’appeler l’« exégèse comparative », laquelle consiste à confronter l’une à l’autre, sur un même thème socratique, les positions défendues respectivement par le Socrate de Xénophon et par le Socrate de Platon, afin de mettre en lumière les différences entre leurs positions respectives, la portée de ces différences et, surtout, les raisons qui les sous-tendent. La question du rôle de l’ askêsis dans la genèse de la vertu se prête particulièrement bien à l’exégèse comparative dans la mesure où la question de départ est clairement formulée, en des termes très voisins, dès les premières lignes du Ménon et au début d’un chapitre des Mémorables (III 9).
A survey of risk factors associated with hypertension in the adult population of Kang, Kgalagadi North, Botswana
Authors: Tshitenge S. , Mabuza L. H. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Sustainable and aggressive population-based programmes on hypertension awareness, prevention, treatment and control are key to the successful control of this epidemic. The objective of the study was to determine to what extent hypertension and risk factors for its development were prevalent in the Kang village community in Botswana, and specifically to assess its prevalence in the adult population and its relationship with high blood pressure, anthropometric measures and lifestyle factors, i.e. diet and the use of tobacco products and alcohol.Method: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 161 adult residents of Kang aged 18 years and older from November to December 2008. A questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization stepwise approach to the surveillance of chronic disease was used for the data collection. Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the adult population of Kang was found to be 32% (95% confidence interval: 25-40). There was no significant sex difference in the prevalence rate in men (28%) versus women (34%), (p = 0.59). Hypertension was more prevalent in the overweight group than in the normal-weight group (p = 0.3), in the obese group than in the normal-weight group (p = 0.002), and in the obese group than in the overweight group (p = 0.04). Conclusion: This study showed that hypertension affected almost a third of the adult population of Kang, and was significantly associated with overweight and obesity.
Predictors of complicated dengue infections in endemic region of Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Ikram , Khalid Samreen , Jamil Zubia 
Published: November 2022

Objective:
To predict the factors associated with progression to severe dengue infection to prevent potentially fatal complications and to identify the determinants of severe complicated dengue.

Methods:
The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospitaldengue ward from September to November 2021 including confirmed dengue infected patients (positive NS1 antigen or anti-dengue-antibodies IgM). Secondary dengue infection was labelled by positive anti-dengue-antibodies IgG in active dengue infected patients. Detailed history, physical examination, laboratory and radiological parameters, hospital stay (days) and mortality percentages were noted. Patients were classified into three groups according to disease severity: dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The predictors of complicated dengue infection were determined by regression analysis.

Results:
The most common symptom was fever (96.9%). Among 129 patients, 62.8% had DF, 31.0% had DHF and only 6.2% developed DSS. History of previous symptomatic dengue and positive anti-dengue-antibodies IgG were present in 100% DSS patients and nearly 75.0% DHF patients (P<0.05). The moratlity rate in patients with DSS, DHF and DF was 50.0%, 2.5% and none respectively (P<0.05). Clinical parameters (body aches, bleeding, conjunctival hemorrhage, maculopapular rash, right hypochondrial tenderness, ascites, pleural effusion) and laboratory parameters (thrombocytopenia, raised alanine aminotransferase and secondary dengue infection) were determinants that complicate the dengue infection.

Conclusions:
Thrombocytopenia, raised alanine aminotransferase and secondary dengue infection are important laboratory parameters to complicate the disease process of dengue infection.
Opioid-Related Overdose Fatality Cases in Two Florida Counties
Authors: Powell Anne T. , Bourgeois Marie M. , Lichterman Julie , Johnson Giffe T. , Galwankar Sagar , Harbison Raymond D. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
This study evaluates trends in drug-related death cases within both Pasco and Pinellas County, Florida, from the calendar years 2011 to 2016. Specifically, it focuses on opioids and the role of fentanyl in overdose-related mortality in rural versus suburban populations.

Methods:
Two sets of data from each calendar year were obtained from a Medical Examiner's Office. These data were compared by year to assess differences using the nonparametric ANOVA test with the statistical software SAS, University Edition. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess which drugs occurred most frequently in the presence or absence of fentanyl.

Results:
There was not a significant difference in the month of the year or the day of the week that drug-related fatalities occurred. More drug-related mortalities occurred during daylight hours (e.g., 8:00 AM–4:00 PM) and more fentanyl-related mortalities occurred in Pinellas County compared to Pasco County. Fentanyl and heroin tended to co-occur in mortalities, while ethanol, hydrocodone, morphine, oxycodone, and methadone were negatively associated with fentanyl-related overdose cases.

Conclusion:
The characteristics of drug-related mortalities identified here may be used to better target interventions against drug abuse and overdose.
How Many Ultrasound Examinations Are Necessary to Gain Proficiency in Accurately Identifying the Nerves of the Brachial Plexus at the Level of the Interscalene Space?
Authors: Shteyman Alan , Jackson Saundra A. , Campbell Tabitha Anne , Derr Charlotte 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
There has been a trend toward the use of alternative treatments to opioids for adequate pain management. This has paralleled a growing interest in the utilization of bedside point-of-care ultrasonography to guide placement of regional anesthesia in the emergency department. The purpose of this study was to establish the number of supervised examinations required for an emergency medicine resident to gain proficiency in accurately locating and identifying the nerves of the brachial plexus at the level of the interscalene space.

Methods:
Proficiency was defined as the number of attempts a resident required to accurately locate and identify the nerves of the brachial plexus on 10 separate, consecutive examinations. Didactic education was provided prior to the study and residents also participated in two instructional hands-on ultrasound examinations prior to the commencement of initial data collection. Count data are summarized using medians, means, and ranges. Random effects negative binomial regression was used for modeling panel count data where negative coefficients indicate increase in proficiency.

Results:
A total of 24 emergency medicine residents were enrolled in the study. Fourteen males and ten females participated. There were nine PGY-1 residents (37.5%), nine PGY-2 residents (37.5%), and six PGY-3 residents (25%). The median number of required supervised attempts and range for correctly performing both steps in the identification of the nerves of the brachial plexus was 2 (range 2–12). The median starting confidence level was 2 (range 1–4), and the median ending confidence level was 4 (range 1–5). Increases in confidence from start to finish were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Emergency medicine residents are easily adept in the identification of the nerves of the brachial plexus at the level of the interscalene space following two supervised examinations. Residents made steady gains in confidence and proficiency throughout the study; statistical analysis found a significant association between the two.
Stroke Incidence and Outcome Disparity in Rural Regions of Southern West Virginia
Authors: Annie Frank Harrison , Bates Mark C. , Khan Muhammad , Zahid Salman , Shah Syed Imran , Nanjundappa Aravinda , Wyner Joshua R. , Anderson Elise , Farooq Ali , Wood Megan , Challa Abhiram 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
West Virginia has the highest incidence of obesity, smoking, and diabetes within the United States, placing its population at higher risk of stroke. In addition to these endemic risk factors, Appalachia faces various socioeconomic and health care access challenges that could negatively impact stroke incidence and outcomes. At present, there are limited data regarding geographic variables on stroke outcomes in rural Appalachia. We set out to quantify Appalachian geographic patterns of stroke incidence and outcomes.

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of all patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of stroke in West Virginia's largest tertiary hospital. During the study (2000–2018), 14,488 patients were analyzed, with an emphasis on those who died from stroke (n = 1022). We first used institutional ICD-9/10 data alongside demographics information and chart reviews to evaluate disease patterns while also exploring emerging hot spot pattern changes over time; we then exploited an emerging time series analysis using temporal trends to assess differing instances of stroke occurrence regionally with hot spots defined as higher than expected incidences of stroke and stroke death.

Results:
Data analysis revealed several hot spots of increasing stroke and mortality rates, many of which achieved statistically significant variance compared to expected norms (P = 0.001). Moreover, this study revealed high-risk zones in rural West Virginia wherein the incidence and mortality rates of stroke are suggestively higher and less resistance to economic change than urban centers.

Conclusions:
Stroke incidence and mortality were found to be higher than expected in many areas of rural West Virginia. The higher stroke risk populations correlate with area that may be impacted by socioeconomic factors and limited access to primary care. These high-risk areas may therefore benefit from investments in infrastructure, patient education, and unrestricted primary care.