bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain sensor based on FBG in fiber loop ring down system
Authors: Wu Kai , Zhao Chunliu , Mao Bangning , Kang Juan , Gong Huaping , Wang Hailong , Wang Dongning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a strain sensor with a high resolution based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed by combining a fiber loop ring down (FLRD) technology. When a light pulse enters and circulates in the fiber loop, it experiences a little loss each time as it paases through the sensor head. The ring‐dong time of the system would be altered by intensity loss near the sensor head, which is related to the size of the strain. The experimental results show that the FBG strain sensor with a high resolution is achieved by monitoring the ring‐down time, due to the more precision time measurement compared with the wavelength measurement. In the 0–1250 με strain range, the sensitivity ranged from 5.82&nbsp;to 20.82 ns/με, and the theoretical best resolution is obtained as 0.24 με. The system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reflective sensor head, and high resolution.
Low‐temperature processable glass fiber reinforced aromatic diamine chain extended bismaleimide composites with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Srinivasan Sivaprakash , Saravanamuthu Siva Kaylasa Sundari , Syed Mohammed Shamim Rishwana , Jeyaraj Pandian Dhanalakshmi , Chinnaswamy Thangavel Vijayakumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of 4,4′‐bismaleimido diphenylmethane (BMIM) and modified BMIM by its chain extension using commercially available aromatic diamines like 4,4′‐diamino diphenyl methane (DDM), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulphone (DDS), and 4,4′‐diamine diphenyl ether (DDE) was done. The synthesized materials have been characterized for structural aspects using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structure of BMIM was confirmed due to the presence of specific bands at ~1400 and 1705 cm−1 responsible for CC and OCNCO groups, respectively. The reduction in the heat of fusion and enthalpy of curing for chain extended bismaleimides/modified BMIM shows the influence of the swivel group in diamine during curing. The curing window has broadened for BMIM_M and BMIM_E by ~40°C and narrowed for BMIM_S by ~100°C. The mechanical properties and the chemical resistance were studied for the composites made from the BMIM and modified BMIM based composites. Fiber‐enhanced modified bismaleimide resin has improved mechanical properties.
Investigating the relationship between harm and over‐ or under‐treatment of frail patients living with diabetes, admitted to hospital
Authors: O'Neil Helen , Pearce Mark , Husband Andy , Todd Adam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOlder people living with diabetes have higher rates of mortality, functional disability and comorbidities, and are at greater risk of falls, cognitive impairment and polypharmacy. Despite recent guidelines, there is still a general lack of recognition of the need to tailor diabetes care for older people.Aim: To investigate if older patients, who are frail and have diabetes when admitted to hospital, are being treated to the correct blood glucose targets and to observe if those over‐ or under‐treated suffer any harm.Method: Data from 101 patients ≥65 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and assessed as frail on admission were analysed. The primary outcome was to assess if the patients’ most recent HbA1c was in the correct target range for their level of frailty.Results: Forty‐six (46%) patients were deemed to be over‐treated. Patients with a higher HbA1c had increased length of stay (p = 0.036) and re‐admission rates (p = 0.008). Under‐treated patients were significantly more likely to have a higher blood glucose on admission (p = 0.0002).Conclusion: Frail older patients living with diabetes are often not treated within the correct target HbA1c range, which can lead to harm, highlighting the need for individualised care and regular review. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Safety and effectiveness of NMDA receptor antagonists for depression: A multidisciplinary review
Authors: Moore Thomas J. , Alami Abdallah , Alexander G. Caleb , Mattison Donald R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKetamine, an anesthetic available since 1970, and esketamine, its newer S‐enantiomer, provide a novel approach for the treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders. At subanesthetic doses, the two drugs, along with their older congener, phencyclidine (PCP), induce a transient, altered mental state by blocking the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor for glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. This multidisciplinary review examines the pharmacology/direct effects on consciousness, effectiveness in depression and acute suicidality, and safety of these fast‐acting NMDA antagonists. To capture the essence of 60 years of peer‐reviewed literature, we used a semi‐structured approach to the subtopics, each of which required a different search strategy. We review the evidence for the three primary reported benefits of the two clinical drugs when used for depression: success in difficult‐to‐treat patients, rapid onset of action within a day, and immediate effects on suicidality. Key safety issues include the evidence—and lack thereof—for the effects of repeatedly inducing this altered mental state, and whether an adequate safety margin exists to rule out the neurotoxic effects seen in animal studies. This review includes evidence from multiple sources that raise substantial questions about both safety and effectiveness of ketamine and esketamine for psychiatric disorders.
High‐throughput phenotyping for breeding targets—Current status and future directions of strawberry trait automation
Authors: James Katherine Margaret Frances , Sargent Daniel James , Whitehouse Adam , Cielniak Grzegorz 
Published: June 2022

Societal Impact StatementStrawberry breeders are faced with increasing demands by propagators, growers, retailers and consumers for particular agronomic traits. This and the volume of plants requiring assessment during selection constrain breeders to rapid and qualitative rating methods. High‐throughput systems for assessing these traits automatically could indicate which families, or individual genotypes, should be singled out for further, more thorough evaluation, thus significantly increasing the selection intensity and accuracy. This review assesses the current status of and future potential for automated phenotyping in strawberry crops, highlighting key advances and the gaps which need to be addressed to facilitate the development of such technology.SummaryAutomated image‐based phenotyping has become widely accepted in crop phenotyping, particularly in cereal crops, yet few traits used by breeders in the strawberry industry have been automated. Early phenotypic assessment remains largely qualitative in this area since the manual phenotyping process is laborious and domain experts are constrained by time. Precision agriculture, facilitated by robotic technologies, is increasing in the strawberry industry, and the development of quantitative automated phenotyping methods is essential to ensure that breeding programs remain economically competitive. In this review, we investigate the external morphological traits relevant to the breeding of strawberries that have been automated and assess the potential for automation of traits that are still evaluated manually, highlighting challenges and limitations of the approaches used, particularly when applying high‐throughput strawberry phenotyping in real‐world environmental conditions.
Glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes and their function associated with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis
Authors: Tao Fei , Si Feng‐Ling , Hong Rui , He Xiu , Li Xiang‐Ying , Qiao Liang , He Zheng‐Bo , Yan Zhen‐Tian , He Shu‐Lin , Chen Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs), a multifunctional protein family, are involved in insecticide resistance. However, a systematic analysis of GSTs in Anopheles sinensis, an important vector for malaria transmission, is lacking. In this study, we investigated the diversity and characteristics of GST genes, and analyzed their expression patterns and functions associated with insecticide resistance in this species.RESULTSWe identified 32 putative cytosolic and three putative microsomal GST genes in the An. sinensis genome. Transcriptome analysis showed that GSTs were highly expressed in larvae, and mainly expressed in the antennae, midgut and Malpighian tubules of adults. In addition, we found that GSTd2 and GSTe2 were significantly upregulated in four An. sinensis pyrethroid‐resistant field populations. Furthermore, silencing of GSTd2 and GSTe2 significantly increased the susceptibility of An. sinensis to deltamethrin, and recombinant GSTd2 and GSTe2 exhibited high enzymatic activity in the metabolism of 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT).CONCLUSIONThese results showed that GSTs are involved in the development of insecticide resistance in An. sinensis through transcriptional overexpression and enzymatic metabolization, facilitating our understanding of insecticide resistance in insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Surface Design Strategy of Catalysts for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Zhou Binghui , Gao Ruijie , Zou Ji‐Jun , Yang Huaming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrogen, a new energy carrier that can replace traditional fossil fuels, is seen as one of the most promising clean energy sources. The use of renewable electricity to drive hydrogen production has very broad prospects for addressing energy and environmental problems. Therefore, many researchers favor electrolytic water due to its green and low‐cost advantages. The electrolytic water reaction comprises the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Understanding the OER and HER mechanisms in acidic and alkaline processes contributes to further studying the design of surface regulation of electrolytic water catalysts. The OER and HER catalysts are mainly reviewed for defects, doping, alloying, surface reconstruction, crystal surface structure, and heterostructures. Besides, recent catalysts for overall water splitting are also reviewed. Finally, this review paves the way to the rational design and synthesis of new materials for highly efficient electrocatalysis.
Characterization and Adsorption Properties of Starch‐Based Nanocomposite for Removal of Simulated Low‐Level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Mahmoud Ghada A. , Abdel‐Geleel Mohamed , Badway Nagwa A. , Farha Samia A. Abo , Alshafei Esraa A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, a nanocomposite of Bismuth/2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate/Starch (Bi/DMAEMA/Starch) is synthesized using ionizing radiation. The prepared nanocomposite is characterized and compared with the parent (DMAEMA/St) hydrogel using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence of nanoparticles is confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The prepared nanocomposite is used to remove Cobalt ions (Co2+) from their wastes as a simulation of radioactive waste management. The optimization of effective parameters such as initial pH values, contact time, concentration, and temperature (°C) on the adsorption process is studied. The results prove that the Langmuir isothermal model describes well the absorption process. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model is suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo, ΔGo, and ΔSo) are evaluated for the adsorbent systems. The prepared nanocomposite shows potential behavior for the removal of Co2+ ions.
Income share agreements offer upskilling opportunities for adult learners
Authors: Sutton Halley 
Published: June 2022

SAN DIEGO — “There are always going to be resources for unemployed people. But where are the resources for those people who make minimum wage, or just above minimum wage? In San Diego, that's not going to take you far,” said Alastair Penny, Senior Manager at the San Diego Workforce Partnership. One such resource to help educate more of your community might be to invest in, or partner with, an organization that offers an income share agreement for college education.
Dacryops with dacryolithiasis in a dog
Authors: Susanti Lina , Go Seokmin , Go Du‐Min , Woo Sang‐Ho , Seo Kangmoon , Kang Seonmi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA 10‐year‐old castrated male Maltese dog was presented with chronic swelling that had been present for at least 5 years in the medial canthus of the right eye (OD).ObjectivesTo describe the treatment outcome of dacryops with dacryolithiasis.MethodsBilateral patency of the nasolacrimal system was confirmed by flushing of both upper and lower puncta. Ocular ultrasonography revealed a well‐defined, oval‐shaped, heterogeneous mass with several hyperechoic foci. Dacryocystorhinography revealed no connection between the mass and lacrimal canaliculus. Gentle blunt dissection of the fibrous connective tissue around the cystic mass was performed. The mass was removed, which intraluminally contained multiple calculi.ResultsHistopathologically, the cystic structure was lined by simple cuboidal epithelium and surrounded by smooth muscle actin positive myoepithelial cells consistent with dacryops derived from the lacrimal glandular ductal system. In addition, several spherical basophilic minerals were observed in the lumen, which were identified as dacryoliths.ConclusionSurgical removal of this dacryops with dacryolithiasis was curative without recurrence after four months.
Ankle MRI and preceding radiographs: an evaluation of physician ordering practices
Authors: de Ga Kristopher , Noblett Dylan , Bateni Cyrus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
Multiple guidelines have been published for appropriate imaging in patients with ankle-related symptoms which suggest radiographs as the initial imaging examination for both acute and chronic ankle abnormalities. Few studies have evaluated adherence to these imaging guidelines. This study retrospectively evaluated the utilization of ankle MRI and preceding radiographs based on ordering provider group and MRI indication.

Materials and methods
A total of 4186 ankle MRIs performed over a 9-year period at a single institution were evaluated for the presence of preceding ankle and/or foot radiographs at two time points, within 3 months and within 6 months of the MRI examination. Ankle MRIs were then categorized based on 6 ordering provider groups and 13 MRI indications.

Results
Of the 4186 MRIs evaluated, 68% had preceding radiographs within 3 months and 77% had radiographs within 6 months. Primary care, sports medicine, and podiatry had the lowest rates of preceding radiographs (73%, 68%, and 64%, respectively, within 6 months). Eighty-six percent of ankle MRIs ordered by orthopedic surgery had preceding radiographs within 6 months and 89% of ankle MRIs ordered by emergency medicine and inpatient providers had preceding radiographs. MRIs intended for evaluation of Achilles tendon or plantar fascia abnormalities were among the least likely indications to have preceding radiographs.

Conclusion
Based on established clinical guidelines, there was a lower-than-expected rate of obtaining preceding radiographs for ankle MRIs among most provider groups, particularly non-orthopedic outpatient providers. Additional research is needed to address the lack of adherence to clinical imaging guidelines and ensure appropriate imaging.
A framework for detection and attribution of regional precipitation change: Application to the United States historical record
Authors: Risser Mark D. , Collins William D. , Wehner Michael F. , O’Brien Travis A. , Paciorek Christopher J. , O’Brien John P. , Patricola Christina M. , Huang Huanping , Ullrich Paul A. , Loring Burlen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite the emerging influence of anthropogenic climate change on the global water cycle, at regional scales the combination of observational uncertainty, large internal variability, and modeling uncertainty undermine robust statements regarding the human influence on precipitation. Here, we use output from global climate models in a perfect-data sense to develop a framework for conducting regional detection and attribution (D&A) for precipitation, starting with the contiguous United States (CONUS) where observational uncertainty is lower than in other regions. Our unified approach can simultaneously detect systematic trends in mean and extreme precipitation, attribute trends to anthropogenic forcings, compute the effects of forcings as a function of time, and map the effects of individual forcings. Model output is used to conduct a set of tests that yield a parsimonious representation for characterizing seasonal precipitation over the CONUS for the historical record (1900 to present day), which ensures our D&A is insensitive to structural uncertainty. Our framework is developed using synthetic data in a Pearl-causal perspective wherein causality can be identified using intervention-based simulations. While the hypothesis-based framework and accompanying generalized D&A formula we develop should be widely applicable, we include a strong caution that the hypothesis-guided simplification of the formula for the historical climatic record of CONUS as described in this paper will likely fail to hold in other geographic regions and under future warming.
Visualization of the location and level of pain in common wrist pathologies using color-coded heatmaps
Authors: Moellhoff Nicholas , Throner Veronika , Frank Konstantin , Benne Ashley , Adelmann Sonja , Coenen Michaela , Giunta Riccardo E. , Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Pain of the hand and wrist affects a large patient population. If the onset is unrelated to recent trauma, the first medical contact is rarely established with a specialized hand surgeon.

Objective
The objective of this investigation was to (1) visualize the localization of hand pain using pain-related heatmaps in common wrist pathologies, (2) to test whether differences between these pathologies exist with regard to sociodemographic and pain-related aspects, and (3) to evaluate the major patient-reported complaints associated with the pathologies.

Methods
This observational cross-sectional study included patients suffering from: thumb basal joint arthritis (CMC-1-OA), dorsal wrist ganglions, and TFCC tears. Patients marked the location of maximum pain projection on hand graphics depicting the outline of the palmar and dorsal hand. Color-graded frequency heat maps were generated for the wrist pathologies investigated. Daily life impairments were assessed and clustered into groups of functions/activities.

Results
120 patients with a mean age of 44.3 years were investigated. The diagnostic groups showed significant differences regarding the level and location of pain, as well as daily life impairments. Patients with CMC-1-OA presented with increased pain levels compared to patients with dorsal wrist ganglions and TFCC tears. Daily life impairment was rated highest when household chores were adversely affected, and sport activities were symptomatic/painful. All groups showed significant skin surface pain projection, which was visualized in heatmaps. While general trends in pain localization were visible, pain levels were also reported distal/proximal and palmar/dorsal to the pathology.

Conclusions
Knowledge of main demographic parameters, pain projection, and degree of impairment in daily activities can help physicians to narrow differential diagnosis of wrist pain during first patient contact. Patients should then be referred to hand surgeons for specialist examination, to further differentiate the origin of the pain.
Updated synopsis of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from Brazil
Authors: Cardiel José M. , de Sousa Ana Angelica Cordeiro , Cordeiro Inês , Caruzo Maria Beatriz Rossi , da Silva Otávio Luis Marques , Muñoz-Rodríguez Pablo , López Alba , Montero-Muñoz Iris 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA critical taxonomic and nomenclatural review of the Brazilian species of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) is presented. As a result, 40 species (44 taxa including six subspecies) are accepted, 37 of them native (17 endemic) and three introduced; also, 132 names are considered synonyms, 28 of them for the first time. Two new combinations are proposed: Acalypha brasiliensis subsp. asterotricha and A. brasiliensis subsp. psilophylla, previously considered varieties of A. brasiliensis. Information about types is provided for all the valid names, and 54 lectotypes and one neotype are designated. Identification keys and detailed distribution maps of all the native taxa are also provided.
Brain damage markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B in serum in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis—detection and evaluation as prognostic biomarkers for clinical outcome
Authors: Arnason Sigurdur , Molewijk Kesia , Henningsson Anna J. , Tjernberg Ivar , Skogman Barbro H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne infection in Europe, with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) its second most frequent clinical manifestation. Prognostic factors for clinical outcomes in LNB have not been identified. Elevated serum levels of the brain damage markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) have been associated with poor clinical outcomes in other disorders of the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to assess NSE and S100B in serum as prognostic biomarkers for clinical outcomes in paediatric LNB patients. Children evaluated for LNB (n = 121) in Sweden were prospectively included during 2010–2014, serum samples were collected on admission, and all children underwent a 2-month follow-up. Patients with pleocytosis and anti-Borrelia antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were classified as having LNB (n = 61). Controls were age- and gender-matched non-LNB patients (n = 60). NSE was elevated in 38/61 (62%) LNB patients and in 31/60 (52%) controls. S100B was elevated in 3/60 (5%) LNB patients and 0/59 (0%) controls. NSE and S100B concentrations did not differ significantly when comparing LNB patients with controls. No differences were found in the concentrations when comparing the clinical recovery of LNB patients at the 2-month follow-up. NSE was detectable in the majority of LNB patients and controls, whereas S100B was detectable in only a few LNB patients and no controls. NSE and S100B in serum cannot be recommended as prognostic biomarkers for clinical outcomes in children with LNB.
Decompositions and coalescing eigenvalues of symmetric definite pencils depending on parameters
Authors: Dieci Luca , Papini Alessandra , Pugliese Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, we consider symmetric positive definite pencils depending on two parameters. That is, we are concerned with the generalized eigenvalue problem $\left (A(x)-\lambda B(x)\right )v=0$

A
(
x
)
−
λ
B
(
x
)

v
=
0
, where A and B are symmetric matrix valued functions in $\mathbb {R}^{n\times n}$

ℝ

n
×
n

, smoothly depending on parameters $x\in {\Omega }\subset \mathbb {R}^2$
x
∈
Ω
⊂

ℝ

2

; furthermore, B is also positive definite. In general, the eigenvalues of this multiparameter problem will not be smooth, the lack of smoothness resulting from eigenvalues being equal at some parameter values (conical intersections). Our main goal is precisely that of locating parameter values where eigenvalues are equal. We first give general theoretical results for the present generalized eigenvalue problem, and then introduce and implement numerical methods apt at detecting conical intersections. Finally, we perform a numerical study of the statistical properties of coalescing eigenvalues for pencils where A and B are either full or banded, for several bandwidths.