bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of methyl compounds variation in the crude Pongamia pinnata oil from Banten, West Java and North Java populations
Authors: Jayusman  , Hakim L , Dalimunthe A , Yuskianti V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Identification of methyl compounds from crude oil is an important baseline provenance to support the development of renewable bioenergy resources in Indonesia. Pongamia pinnata, known as Malapari, has great potential to be an alternative to renewable bioenergy resources and an environmentally friendly substitute for fossil fuels. Our analysis of four provenances of crude Pongamia oil has identified eight (8) methyl compounds with a relative value of >1%, i.e. palmitoleate, lenoleate, eicostrienoic, erucate, docosadienoic, nervonate, eicosapentaenoate and arachidate. The value of the individual methyl compounds varied in each provenance. The unsaturated fatty acid content of Pongamia crude was higher and needs to be balanced to maintain the physical properties of Pongamia biodiesel. In addition, the quality of the tested Pongamia crude oil from all provenances that show high acidity and water content in the crude oil but exceed the standard for biodiesel (SNI 04-7182-2006) shows a need for improvement advanced process. The variations of the methyl compounds found in each provenance can be used as a selection basis for the development of products in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.
Season, basal media and plant growth regulators effect in wood plant in vitro propagation: a comprehensive review
Authors: Jayusman  , Hakim L , Dalimunthe A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wood plant in-vitro propagation is currently widely used and is not limited to the preparation of superior seeds but has been widely utilized for the production of phytopharmaceuticals and the production of a valuable and specific tree for the benefit of man. Studies focused on the influence of explant collection seasons, selection of basic media, and plant growth hormone. The results of the study showed the magnitude of the variables that must be considered in the propagation of tissue cultures even in the same species and types of cultures. The period of January and March is the best time for explant retrieval because it provides the best explant response in bud breakage, lowest browning, and best bud induction. The basic media of MS (Murashige & Skoog), as well as its various modifications and the basic medium of WPM (Wood Plant Medium), tend to be widely chosen as the basic media at various levels of subcultures in many woody plant species. The application of growth regulators shows a tendency to use BAP (benzyl amino purine) and NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) whose application is separately or in combination with a certain concentration according to the species and subculture phase. Other plant growth regulators (PGRs) that are also quite widely used are the IBA (indole butyric acid), IAA (indole acetic acid), and G3 (gibberellic acid) groups which are used in the multiplication and rooting stages. The information from the study can be used as basic information at the stage of optimizing tissue culture activities in different species, explanatory, and regeneration types. The success of the optimization stage will be used as an improvement to the previous woody plant tissue culture protocol so that optimization of success is achieved. In vitro propagation is always associated with the number of resources used, so efforts to improve in vitro protocols are a very important activity to evaluate that will lead to increased effectiveness to reduce resource inputs, and be able to realize low-cost wood plant tissue culture propagation.
Seed characteristics of Curculigo latifolia and its prospect to in vitro propagation
Authors: Muslihatin W , Manuhara Y S W , Werbrouck S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The propagation of Curculigo latifolia only occurs naturally in the wild and it is difficult to be domesticated via seed. It is suspected that the seeds are recalcitrant and require a special medium and care. In this study, we evaluated the structure of seed of C. latifolia using a stereo microscope, SEM and tetrazolium for seed viability test. The characteristics of the seeds observed in this study were the shape and color of the seeds, viability of the seeds with tetrazolim test. Seeds from the fresh fruit were cultured on MS0 medium to determine the ability of the seeds to germinate. This study showed that seeds aged 8-9 weeks after flowering were viable seeds with a red color indicated on all seed surfaces through the tetrazolium test.The structure of C. latifolia embryo is classified as an axial embryo with hypogeal germination type. Seeds of C. latifolia have potential to be used as explants for in vitro culture.
Land capability analysis using LCLP software in cangkringan micro watershed model
Authors: Fadhilla S , Kusumandari A , Senawi  , Lubis Y S , Siregar A W , Hakim L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Each land in a watershed area has different capabilities depending on the characteristics of the land in the area. Land capability analysis is needed in land management and land use, the aim is that land use can be carried out optimally and reduce the impact of land damage. Determination of land capability class using the matching method, by matching and comparing land characteristics or land limiting factors with land capability class criteria according to the USDA classification system. This study was started by conducting field observations and taking soil samples, then analyzed using Land Capability and Landuse Planing (LCLP) software and GIS to get a map of the land capability class. The results showed that the land capability in site are consists of class II-IV and VI-VII. The limiting factors for land management are erosion (e), permeability (P), texture (t) and slope (L)
Utilization of effluent biodigester as a bioactivactor for the decomposition of rice husk (Oryza sativa) into compost
Authors: Afrianti S , Irvan  , Nur T B , Delvian  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Accelerate the biodegradation of rice husks into compost requires a bioactivator. The bioactivator used is the effluent from a biogas reactor which integrates with the fermenter. The composting process for rice husk (Oryza sativa) adds a bioactivatorwith two treatments. Treatment A uses an effluent bioactivator Biogas reactor; treatment B uses an effluent bioactivator from the University of North Sumatra pilot plant. This study aimed to compare the effect of variations in composting treatment and B on the results of composting rice husks. From the results of the study, the two treatments at temperatures were not too much different; the average of treatment A was 330C, and B was 33.200C; the average value of pH in Treatment A was 7.1 and B was 7.3, while the average value of Content moisture in treatment A was 55.59% and in B was 55.16%. Meanwhile, the value of nutrients and macros is not too much different between treatments A and B. The organic C in A is 14.12%, and B is 14.36%. The N-Total value in treatment A is 1.08%, and B is 1.12%, the value of P2O5Ain0.77 and B is 0.69%, the valueAis 0.57% and B is 0.60%, the value of CaO in treatment A is 0.17%, and B is 0.22%, the value of MgO in treatment A is 0.29%, and B is 0.34, the value of Cu in treatment A is 9 ppm, and B is 9.1 ppm, the value of Zn in treatment A is 50 ppm, and B is 52 ppm.
Lignin utilization from black liquor as raw material lignin resorsinol formaldehyde adhesives (LRF)
Authors: Manurung H , Azhar I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Black liquor is the result of pulp processing which contains several chemical compounds such as lignin, carbohydrate degradation products, resins and fatty acids. The main objective of the study was to determine the amount of lignin content contained in black liquor from the kraft process and its potential as a raw material for adhesives. Several research results state that the lignin contained in black liquor can be used as an adhesive. Lignin was isolated from black liquor by means of repeated deposition (reprepitation). The lignin obtained was then tested by FTIR, then the lignin was used as an adhesive with the addition of resorcinol and formaldehyde with an applicative composition of lignin resorcinol formaldehyde adhesive on a resin with a mole ratio of lignin (L) : resorcinol (R) : formaldehyde (F) = 1: 0.5 : 2; 1 : 0.3 : 2; with an additive content of 1.5% of the solid resin. Then tested for specific gravity, pH, content of non-volatile solids, viscosity, and gelatination. The results of the study were in the form of black liquor, dark brown to blackish in color with the form of a slightly viscous concentrated liquid. In testing with a pH meter, it showed that the initial pH of the black liquor was 12, this indicates that the waste pulp in the form of leachate is alkaline. Indicators on pH and specific gravity alone do not meet PF adhesive standards. The shape, appearance, viscosity (thickness), residual evaporation and gelatinization period are in accordance with PF adhesive standards. The results obtained from the ratio of different moles of resorcinol do not differ much from the test results, but it can be seen from the data that the specific gravity of the LRF adhesive (1:0,5:2) is closer to the standard for PF adhesive, although the distance between the two values is not much different. Overall this adhesive has the potential and needs further research for its application.
Partial purification and characterization of keratinase produced by keratinolytic fungi, Earliella scabrosa A2 and Aspergillus flavus A11
Authors: Gozali C , Suryanto D , Hartanto A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chicken feather waste originating from the poultry industry and its processing is a potential source of protein and amino acids that can still be used as functional compounds. This study aimed to study the keratinolytic activity of local fungal isolates in vitro as a keratin-degrading agent. Keratinase secreted by keratinolytic fungal isolates were produced and characterized in 1% (w/v) Feather Meal Broth (FMB) composed of pure chicken feathers. Fungal isolates used in this study were A2 and A11 which were later identified based on ITS-rDNA genetic similarity to Earliella scabrosa and Aspergillus flavus, respectively. Crude enzymes were precipitated using an increasing ammonium sulphate salt gradient. The enzyme activity of Earliella scabrosa A2 and Aspergillus flavus A11 were 19 and 7.5 U/mL respectively. The crude enzymes showed an increase of activity during 80% of precipitation for isolate A2 with 10 U/mL and for isolate A11 with 18.6 U/mL. The specific activity after dialysis were 61.99 U/mg for isolate A2 and 75.11 U/mg for isolate A11. The optimum condition of keratinase activity for isolate A2 were at pH 7 and 30°C while isolate A11 showed its optimum activity at pH 8 and 45°C.
The effect of distance planting of red mangrove (Rhizophoraapiculata) on Pulau Sembilan, PangkalanSusu District, Langkat Regency
Authors: Yunasfi  , Siregar K , Dalimunthe A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mangroves are a very important coastal resource for socio-economic development In addition, mangrove habitats contribute to complex food webs and energy transfer. This research was conducted in the mangrove forest area of Pulau Sembilan Village, Pangkalan Susu. This research activity was carried out for 3 months from October to December 2022. Observations in this study were carried out every two weeks. This study was based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments with 6 replications. The treatment in question is the spacing with P0 = 46 meters, P1 = 47 meters, P2 = 48 meters, P3 = 49 meters and P4 = 50 meters. From the research on the effect of plant spacing on Rhizophoraapiculata, the highest seedling height growth was obtained in the P0 treatment (40m spacing) with a value of 213.2 cm or average 35.5 cm. The highest increase in plant diameter was found in the P0 treatment with a value of 7.59mm or average 1.27 mm. The highest added value was found in treatment P2 with a value of 37.0 cm. The increase in leaf length is 55.4 cm which is found in the P4 treatment.
Solar tracker design on solar panel for stm32 microcontroller based on battery charging system
Authors: Rangkuti H H , Sinaga N P , Ariani F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper describes about solar energy is one of the energy sources that won’t terminated. Solar energy can be easily converted into electrical energy by using solar panels. Solar panels that are placed horizontally on the ground, the solar panel cannot absorb the light perfectly. Therefore, solar panels require an automatic solar tracking system to increase the efficiency of the solar panels. In this study, a solar tracker has been designed using a light dependent resistor (ldr) sensor based on the stm32 microcontroller. From the results of the study, the increase in power obtained from the use of a solar tracker was 27.97%. In static solar panels, the time required to fully charge the 12v, 7ah lead acid battery is 5 hours 10 minutes, while using a solar tracker the lead acid battery charging time is 3 hours 30 minutes. The use of a solar tracker saves battery charging time for 1 hour 40 minutes compared to static solar panels.
Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in identifying the characteristics of the riparian ecosystem of the Percut River, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Slamet B , Adinda D , Nduru O P J , Samsuri  
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Percut River border area has changed its function. Changes in land use result in a decrease in the area and types of vegetation that grow on river borders. Considering that the area is quite long and inaccessible in some locations, it can identify riparian vegetation by utilizing remote sensing technology. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the Percut river riparian vegetation using a UAV. Eight vegetation indices were used to analyse land cover types in this riparian ecosystem, namely Green-red ratio (GR), Green-red vegetation index (GRVI), RGB-based vegetation index (RGBVI), Visible atmospherically resistant index (VARI), Simple blue-green ratio (BGI2), Excess green index (ExG), Normalized green-blue difference index (NGBDI) and Modified green-red vegetation index (MGRVI). The analysis of the vegetation index based on RGB images shows that not all indices used are good in separating vegetation from other land covers. Analysis of riparian vegetation characteristics based on the RGB index is recommended using the RGBVI index (RGB-based vegetation index).
Determination of potential fishing ground of mackerel fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) using satellite imagery in the Malacca Strait
Authors: Fadhilah A , Kurniawan D , Harahap Z A , Leidonald R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mackerel fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is a fishery commodity in high demand by the community which is caught in the Malacca Strait. The number of mackerel catches tends to fluctuate every month because it is influenced by different mackerel fishing grounds. Determination of fishing ground tends to use traditional methods such as seeing ripples and a flock of birds flying above the water surface. This study aims to determine the effect of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration on mackerel catches and determine the value of primary productivity of the VGPM model every month and also to determine the potential fishing ground to catch mackerel fish based on the sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration and Aqua MODIS satellite image data (SST and Chlorophyll-a) were downloaded from oceancolour.gfc.nasa.gov while the catch data were obtained from the Belawan Ocean Fishery Port, the data was taken from 2016 to 2020. The influence of SST and Chlorophyll-a concentration was analyzed and visualized on a map. It was found that every month the potential fishing ground for catching mackerel fish has a different location due to the influence of sea surface temperature and fluctuating chlorophyll-a caused by seasonal changes that occur in Indonesia, where the average SST ranged from 30.01 to 31.34°C and the concentration of chlorophyll-a ranged from 1.48 – 2.28 mg/m3 from 2016 – 2020 with a high net primary productivity ranged from 802.12 – 1.341.59 mgC/m2/day from 2016 to 2020. The potential area for catching mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) caught using purse seines in the Malacca Strait is in the coordinates range of 980 10"51.6” – 1000 19"4.8” (longitude) and 30 28" 48” – 4 0 56"34.8” (latitude) and perpendicular horizontally to the Langkat Regency to Asahan Regency shoreline with a distance under 12 miles to 50 miles. Information on potential areas for catching mackerel can help fishermen in fishing activities so that they are more efficient and catch maximum results.
Performance testing of the thermal conductivity measuring equipment on particle board isolators
Authors: Azhari  , Nasution T I , Nurhasanah Rossy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigated the value of thermal conductivity of particle board using a tool designed with the principle of converting electrical energy into heat energy by varying temperatures. This study aims to determine the value of thermal conductivity of oil certain particle board and to what extent it can function as a thermal insulation material and to determine the performance of the thermal conductivity test equipment. The size of this tool is 10 mm of thickness, 65 mm of width, 140 mm of length and 40 mm of height, which is equipped with the function of measuring the conductivity value of the material. The average error value of the temperature sensor compared to the standard thermocouple is 0.8%. By entering the value of the area and thickness of the sample, the average conductivity value of the composite material is 0,028 W/m°C. The low material conductivity value will be used as a building construction material. The data show that the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of this tool are very good for testing the conductivity of a material.
Sensory profiling of beverages from Tulsi leaves (Ocimum tenuiflorum Linne) using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA)
Authors: Marvell J , Ervina E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tulsi, also known as holly basil, are well known for their medicinal, pharmacological, and health benefits. However, the sensory profiles of food or beverages made from this plant have never been reported before. This study aimed to define the sensory characteristics of beverages made from tulsi leaves using the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) method. Fourteen trained panelists were selected and trained, three samples of tulsi beverages were evaluated and the tests were replicated twice. In total, 27 sensory attributes were generated. The dominant attributes include yellow, brown and transparent colors for the visual aspect, representing tea-like beverage. Moreover, both the odor and flavor of basil, mint and grassy were also perceived as key attributes for the tulsi beverages. In addition, the tulsi beverages were also characterized by strong astringent taste and aftertaste. In general, the test was reliable, however, additional training is needed to train the panelists intensively for the selected attributes. The results obtained from this research can be used as a preliminary study to develop new functional food products made from tulsi leaves by considering their sensory profiles.
The challenges of implementing agroecology as a social movement by members of The Serikat Petani Indonesia
Authors: Sinaga R P K , Lubis M A , Nasution F A , Sembiring E P H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The disintegration of peasants' social, economic, and cultural systems, as well as environmental harm, have been facilitated by conventional agricultural models and the existence of the green revolution. The Serikat Petani Indonesia (SPI, Indonesian Peasants Union) has made agroecology a social movement issue in an effort to resist the capitalistic agricultural system and has become one of the milestones in the realization of food sovereignty. SPI's initiatives to persuade its members to adopt an agro-ecological model of agriculture rather than a conventional one, however, cannot be implemented effectively. There are still issues that need to be resolved before SPI member may adopt agroecology, despite the fact that instruction is being implemented on both a conceptual and practical level. As an illustration, the SPI base at Pamah Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra is one instance where the program for agroecological application has not been successful. As a reflection on the problems that SPI member peasants encounter in implementing agroecological agriculture, the author is interested in conducting research to see and analyze the types of challenges peasants in Pamah Village face while adopting agroecology. This study adopts a qualitative methodology to accomplish its goals, and its data-gathering methods include participatory observations, in-depth interviews, literature and documentary studies, participatory observations, and a limited group discussion. The data is then examined using the Narrative Research Analysis approach after the field data has been collected. Based on the study's findings, it is known that the failure to adopt agroecological agricultural models as an alternative is a strategic issue brought on by low-intensity organizations in the grassroots sector, as well as the quality of efforts to stimulate the involvement of the peasants in analyzing the problems that are entrenched and to choose alternative goals that are also not fully achieved.
CapsNet-LDA: predicting lncRNA-disease associations using attention mechanism and capsule network based on multi-view data
Authors: Zhang Zequn , Xu Junlin , Wu Yanan , Liu Niannian , Wang Yinglong , Liang Ying 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCumulative studies have shown that many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in a number of diseases. Predicting potential lncRNA-disease associations (LDAs) can facilitate disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is vital to develop practical computational methods for LDA prediction. In this study, we propose a novel predictor named capsule network (CapsNet)-LDA for LDA prediction. CapsNet-LDA first uses a stacked autoencoder for acquiring the informative low-dimensional representations of the lncRNA-disease pairs under multiple views, then the attention mechanism is leveraged to implement an adaptive allocation of importance weights to them, and they are subsequently processed using a CapsNet-based architecture for predicting LDAs. Different from the conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that have some restrictions with the usage of scalar neurons and pooling operations. the CapsNets use vector neurons instead of scalar neurons that have better robustness for the complex combination of features and they use dynamic routing processes for updating parameters. CapsNet-LDA is superior to other five state-of-the-art models on four benchmark datasets, four perturbed datasets and an independent test set in the comparison experiments, demonstrating that CapsNet-LDA has excellent performance and robustness against perturbation, as well as good generalization ability. The ablation studies verify the effectiveness of some modules of CapsNet-LDA. Moreover, the ability of multi-view data to improve performance is proven. Case studies further indicate that CapsNet-LDA can accurately predict novel LDAs for specific diseases.