bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of Acaricides for Control of One-Hcst Ticks, 1980
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvae of Boophilusannulatus (Say), the cattle tick, and B. microplus (Canestrini), the southern cattle tick, in colony at Falcon Heights, TX, and Anocentornitens (Neumann), the tropical horse tick, and Dermacentoralbipictus, (Packard), the winter tick, at Kerrville, TX, are placed onto cattle. Engorged females that detach naturally are used in the test. Usually candidate compounds (technical materials) are formulated as emulsifiable concentrates containing 25% active ingredient, 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100. Compounds not soluble In xylene are formulated in a 1:1 mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and the xylene-Triton X-100 combination. Commercial wettable powders or emulsifiable concentrates may be used. All formulations are mixed with water immediately before treatment. Acaricides are routinely tested at 1, 0.1, and 0.01% active ingredient; the lesser concentrations are obtained by serial dilution of the 1% concentration. For treatment, ticks are washed, dried, sorted into groups of 10, weighed, and placed into 45-50 ml of acaricide, which is stirred vigorously for 30 sec and then poured through a screen that retains the ticks. Drained ticks are placed on paper toweling to dry and then held in 8-dram shell vials at 27±1°C and&gt;80% RH for oviposition. After 2-3 weeks, the ticks are discarded; however, the eggs are weighed and held for another month, at which time percentage hatch is estimated visually. Controls, groups of 10 ticks, are dipped in an emulsion of 2.6% xylene and 0.4% Triton X-100 or the mixture of xylene, Triton X-100 and methyl-pyrrolidinone and handled as treated ticks.
Cattle, Face and Horn Fly Control on Beef Cattle with Ectrin Ear Tags, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ectrin ear tags were attached to two herds of beef cattle in June. The first group consisted of 44 adult Angus cows with calves. All cows were tagged in both ears on June 20. The second group consisted of 34 adult Hereford cows with calves and were tagged in one ear on June 21. Calves were not ragged. A third group of similar size, with no fly treatment, served as a control. The groups were separated by at least 2 miles. An assessment of treatment efficacy was made prior to treatment and post-treatment by inspecting 10 head selected at random from each herd at weekly intervals usually between 10-12 a.m. Face flies were counted on the entire face while horn flies were counted on both sides of the entire animal. Binoculars were used to aid counting when necessary. Data was analyzed using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Control of the Imported Fire Ant in Pastures, 1980
Authors: Lame Marc L. , Bass Max H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests utilizing nine treatments were conducted at three locations in Alabama near the towns of Camp Hill, Greenville, and Snowdown. A completely randomized design with 3 replications was used at each site except that SN-72129 treatments were replicated 2 times at the Camp Hill location. Plots were one acre in size. All formulations were applied with a Seed Easy seed broadcaster mounted on a tractor. Applications were made in early June. Before application the number of active mounds were counted within a circle with a radius of 89 feet in each plot. Each mound was evaluated using the USDA-APHIS classification system. Post-treatment counts were performed at 1, 3 and 6 weeks and at 90 days.
Residual Barn Treatments Using Atroban Permethrin for the Control of House Flies, 1980
Authors: Smith J. P. , Hall R. D. , English L. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atroban permerhrin formulated as 10%, 42.5% (methylene chloride solvent), 42.5% (xylene solvent) emulsifiable concentrate (EC) or 25% wettable powder (WP) was applied to the interior surfaces of 3 livestock barns located on the University of Missouri South Farm and to 1 beef barn located ca 12 miles north of Columbia. An untreated barn located at South Farm served as control. Two separate trials were conducted. All treatments were applied at 0.125% Al at the rate of 0.09 l/m2 (1 gql/450 ft2) using a power sprayer delivering 1034 kPa (150 lb/in2). Fly populations were monitored prior to and at regular intervals posttreatment via a 0.25 m2 Scudder fly grill. Five 30 sec grid counts were taken at each observation.
Apple, Mite Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1980
Authors: Weires R. W. , Alm S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight-tree plots of from 5-7 different apple cultivars were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide treatments were applied at pink (Mcintosh), May I, petal fall (Rome), May 19, and In 6 cover sprays, Jun 5, 19, Jul 3, 17, 31, and Aug 14. The CGA 29170 treatment was applied only at pink, while the UC 55248 treatment was applied at pink and petal fall. Plictran 50W (4 oz form./lOO gal) was included with the DISA, HAG, Pydrin and Guthion treatments for mite control on Jul 3. All treatments were applied dilute to runoff using a handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 3.2 (during May) and 4.2 (Jun through remainder of season) gal spray/tree (307-403 gal/acre). Fungicides applied over the plots by airblast sprayer a 3X (133 gal/acre) included Difolatan 4F (5 qt/100 gal) on Apr 17 and Cyprex 65WP (4 oz/100 gal) on Jun 13. Above normal temperatures and below normal rainfall contributed to rather early and severe European red mite buildup. The “open” winter (no snow cover) apparently reduced Amblyseiusfallacis populations which remained low during the entire season.
Peach: Evaluation of Several Synthetic Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of Peach Pests, 1980
Authors: Horsburg R. L. , Ponton L. F. , McCaffrey J. P. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four peach trees (one of each of the four cultivars, Loring, Red Haven, Sunhigh, and Madison) were sprayed to the drip point for each treatment and the water control. All treatment trees were bordered by unsprayed buffer trees. Application was with an adjustable hand gun at 200 psi (14 kg/cm2). The pH of the spray water was 7.4. Treatments and the water control were applied on Apr 18, 24, May I, 12, 22, 28, Jun 4, II, 18, 25, Jul 2, 9, 16, 24, 30 and Aug 6. Pounce was applied up to and including Jun 4 on one treatment (4 trees). At the manufacturer’s request FMC 45806 was substituted for Pounce in the treatment on Jun II and all remaining spray dates. Oriental fruit moth injury was recorded as no. of infested terminals observed in two minutes per tree - 4 reps per treatment (Table I). Samples of 20 leaves per tree (4 reps per treatment) were collected, brushed and mites and mite eggs were counted with a binocular microscope (Henderson-McBurnie method). The data (converted to mites, and mite eggs per leaf) was transformed (x + .5) and analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Table 2). In developing the Japanese Beetle data each treatment tree was given a numerical rating for injury to foliage (0 = no injury, 10 = 100% of leaves severely damaged (Table 3).
Peach, Lesser Peach Tree Borer Control, 1979 and 1980
Authors: Swift Fred C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A 15-yr-old block of Sunqueen and Red Haven peaches was used in these tests. The objective of the 1979 experiment was to determine the effects of timing and interval between applications on the performance of Thiodan. The objective in 1980 was to compare the effectiveness of several insecticides for lesser borer control. In each year, 10 trees arranged in a randomized block design were used for each treatment. Sprays were applied to the trunk and scaffold limbs with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a hand-gun and operated at 250 pst. Trees were sprayed until the bark, and especially old borer injuries, were thoroughly soaked, which required approximately 4 gallons of spray per tree. The timing of sprays coincided with the emergence of 1st generation moths, as measured by pupal case counts and pheromone trap catches. Timing of applications in 1979 using Thiodan 50WP 0.75 lb Al/100 gal is given in Table I; application dates in 1980 were Jun 6 and 26. The treatment effectiveness was determined by weekly counts of pupal cases, which was indicative of the number of larvae and pupae able to complete their development in the treated trees (1980) and the successful establishment and completion of development by the generation following treatment (1979, 1980). Pupal cases were removed as counted.
Control of Root Weevil Larvae on Blueberry, 1980
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Chase David L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was located at Gate, WA. Plots were 4 ft x 4 ft with a single blueberry bush In the center of each plot. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The soil was a sandy gravelly loam. The chemicals were applied to the soil on Jan 4 with a sprinkling can in 2 qt of water/plot. Records of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the 3 nearest recording locations showed that 4-5 in of rain fell during the next 2 weeks. The treatments were evaluated on Apr 16 by digging 4 shovels of soil around each plant and counting the weevil larvae in the soil.
Control of European Red Mite on Concord Grapes, 1980
Authors: Jubb Gerald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five compounds were screened for efficacy against European red mite (ERM) in a Concord grape vineyard in Harborcreek, PA. Plots consisted of 5 vines in a row replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Three vines within rows and one row between treated rows isolated the plots. Sprays were applied on Aug 22 using an Ortho garden sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 6I256ET2 hydraulic vineyard sprayers. Operating pressure was 100 psi. Sprays were applied to runoff resulting in the equivalent of 200 gal of solution applied per acre. The equivalent of 0.5 pt Triton AG-98 per 100 gal was used with each treatment. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of motile mites on each of 10 injured leaves selected randomly per plot. Inadvertent miticide spraying of the experimental area by the grower 10 days after these sprays were applied prevented further evaluations. Data were transformed to X + 0.5 and treated by analysis of variance and Duncan’s modified (Bayesian) least significant difference test.
Evaluation of Japanese Beetle Adultlcides on Grape Foliage, 1980
Authors: Miller Karl V. , Williams Roger N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field efficacy was evaluated in an experimental vineyard at Wooster, OH. Rows were 8 ft on center with 8 ft between vines in a row. A replicate consisted of the first 12 vines in each row. Insecticidal applications were made to foliage on Jul 23 and Aug 4 at the rate of 140 gal water/acre, using a CO2 sprayer operating at 60 psi and equipped with a TeeJet No. 9505E fan-type nozzle. In sampling, 20 randomly selected shoots were examined from each replicate. Numbers of adult Japanese beetles per shoot were recorded and mean numbers per shoot for all replicates were compared.
Citrus Bud Mite Control in Orange Co., 1979
Authors: Brown R. D. , Jesser M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were tested for efficacy against citrus bud mite in a lemon grove near Irvine, California. Treatments were applied on Sep 19 by handgun (450 psi) with about 1500 gal per acre. Five buds on each of four terminals were dissected for each of the three replicates, and the percent buds infested was calculated.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Childers C. C. , Knapp J. L. , Fasulo T. R. , Konsler B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 6 times in single tree plots (Table 1). An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. The spray application was applied dilute with a handgun at 350 psi using a truck-mounted sprayer on Jun 6. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Bean Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were applied by air to each of three different fields on Jul 28. An untreated check was also included in each field. Each material was applied using ten gallons of water per acre. Lygus bugs and beneficials were sampled two and nine days after application by taking four sets of 25 sweeps along the bean row in each plot. Western bean cutworm damage was counted by examining 2,000 pods per plot on Aug 22.
The Importance of Reporting Correct Scientific Names of Host Plants And A Checklist of 100 Fruit, Vegetable, and Field Crop Names for Insecticide and Acaricide Tests
Authors: Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Proper identification of the host plant is very important in reports to Insecticide and Acaricide Tests. The host is an integral part of each experiment. Often, it serves as an intermediate to pesticide action in controlling insects, especially those pesticides with a systemic mode of action. Some modern cultivars have natural resistance to insects, which may resolve unexplained differences in what were once thought to be homologous experiments. The exact host plant must be known in order to repeat an experiment, a criterion fundamental to all research. Thus, Insecticide and Acaricide Tests requires the use of specific names to communicate the exact host being treated. Editorially, they are necessary for complete indexing and cross-referencing.
Bean Insect Control, 1979
Authors: Sroltz Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three large scale field plots were established across southcentral Idaho in beans in 1979. Plots were approximately 0.85 acres. Tfiimet, DiSyston, Temik, and an untreated check were replicated three times at each location. The granular chemicals were applied in a narrow band two to three inches directly below the seed at planting on May 24. Soil type was Portneuf silt loam and soil temperatures were 55-60°F. Insect counts were made at weekly intervals by taking 300 sweep samples or counting insects on 10 trifoliate leaves. Phytotoxlcity and yield data were also taken. Alate aphids were counted because of their potential role as vectors of mosaic viruses as they leave cut alfalfa fields or drying grain fields.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Snap Beans, 1980
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were seeded Feb. 26, 1980 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row 30 ft long planted on 3 ft centers. There were 3 replications per treatment planted in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made on Mar 28, Apr 4, 11, 18, and 22. They were applied with a CO2 powered, 2 1/2 gal hand-held sprayer with 40 pst at the rate of 100 gal of water per acre. On Apr 16 the numbers of leafhoppers and vegetable leafminer mines were counted on 10 randomly selected leaves per plot. Garden fleahoppers and southern stink bugs were counted by shaking 3 ft of row per plot over a cloth and counting the insects on the cloth. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Control of Worms and Aphids on Cabbage, 1980
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of ‘Eastern Baldhead’ cabbage transplanted on Jul 1, 1980 on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, New Hampshire was utilized. Spray treatments were applied on Aug 7, 14, 21, 28; Sep 4, 11, and 18, 1980 to plots consisting of 20-ft rows replicated 4-times and arranged in a randomized block design. Applications were made to both sides of the row using a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. All combination treatments were tank mixed. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on 5 plants per replicate and by foliage injury ratings on Sep 16, 1980. The categories used in rating the foliage injury were: 1 = slight or trace holes; 2 = less than 10% of leaves with feeding holes; 3 = severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4 = severe feeding on 50% of leaves; 5 = severe feeding on 100% of leaves. Aphid control evaluations were also made on Sep 16, 1980 by determining the percentage of plants per plot with at least one established aphid colony. Percent marketable heads was determined on Oct 27, 1980. Most of the reduction in marketability was due to aphid damage.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1980
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted and treated May 23 at our vegetable entomology research farm near Geneva, NY in a Lima silt loam soil. Seeds were planted at 10/ft and treatments were applied using cone seeders. Germination counts were made Jul 1. The crop was then thinned to ca 1 plant every 18 in. Plots consisted of a single row, 25 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticide applications were based on a 24 in row width. All sprays were applied using a CO2-powered sprayer mounted on a cone seeder. In-furrow and over-furrow sprays at planting were applied at 78 GPA. Foliar sprays timed for cabbage maggot fly peaks were applied at 104 GPA. Injury ratings were made Aug 20 by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present.
Evaluation of Three Sprayers for Control of Cabbage Loopers on Cabbage, 1980
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , Luetchford C. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three sprayers, commonly used by commercial growers in upstate NY, were compared in a mature, commercial field heavily infested with cabbage loopers. A section of the field was set up as a RCB design with 6 replications. Plots consisted of six 50-ft rows bordered by 12 rows between treatments and 50 ft between replications. Each sprayer used Pydrin at 0.1 lb ai/acre with one-half tablespoon of spreader/gal. The three sprayers were used as growers normally employed them and were: (1) a 12 row brush boom sprayer with 21 fan nozzles directed over the cabbage and delivering 16 gal/acre (70 psi) at 5.7 mph; (2) a 2-row boom sprayer with 3 fan nozzles/row (1 directed over the cabbage and 2 drop nozzles directed into the plants) and delivering 32 gal/acre (60 psi) at 3.0 mph; and, (3) a 10-row John Bean Airblast Sprayer delivering 32 gal/acre at a speed of 5.2 mph. An untreated control was also included. Treatments were applied Oct 3 and evaluation consisted of careful examination of 8 plants/plot on Oct. 6.
Lepidopterous Larvae Control on Celery, 1979
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Shal K. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experimental celery planting (Tall Utah 5270-R) was transplanted on Aug 1. Insecticide treatments were replicated 4 times in a random block design. The replicates were 2 rows wide (40 in centers) by 25 ft long with a 5 ft buffer between replicates ten plants/replicate were inspected weekly from Aug 21 through Nov 2. Insecticides were applied when 5 or more larvae/40 plants were found. Insecticides were applied with a back-pack sprayer with 3 nozzles/row at an operating pressure of 30 psi and delivery rate of 100 gal/acre. The nozzles were hollow cone, D3 orifice, 23 cores and 50-mesh screen. All treatments included 0.04% spreader/sticker (Biofilm). The treatments were harvested on Nov 7 and all plants were inspected for lepidopterous larvae damage. The data were analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level of probability. Arcsin transformation was used for celery damage.
Foliar Treatments to Control the Cabbage Looper on Collards, 1980
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Votes’ collards were direct seeded in 3 ft rows on Jun 10 and thinned to 10 inch spacing 1 month later. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. The plants were clipped Aug 5 as looper populations were too low to evaluate and the plants were becoming large and difficult to treat. The treatments were initiated Aug 19 when regrowth was about 8 inches high and the loopers averaged approximately 10/collard plant. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 75 gal/acre (40 psi), using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were made on Aug 19 and 27; Sep 2 and 10. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of loopers per 10 collard plants or by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional feeding - necessary to look very close to see evidence of injury; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of leaves severely damaged; 3) Heavy feeding on 10-25% foliage; 4) Intense feeding on 25-50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of the foliage severely injured - plants nearly defoliated.
Collard Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Morris Heading’ collards were transplanted on May 22, near Benson, NC. Treatments consisted of single-row plots 15-ft long. They were replicated 4 times in a Randomized complete block design with 5-ft alleys between blocks. Treflan (at 0.5 lbs ai/acre) was incorporated preplant for weed control. Treatments were applied weekly beginning Jun 6 and ending Sep 26 for a total of 17 applications. All applications were made at a rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre using a piston pump sprayer operated at 40 psi with a single hollow cone nozzle. Phenological data were collected biweekly throughout the test. Foliar ratings were made on Sep 24 and Oct 13. The plants were stripped of all older leaves on Aug 7 and yields taken on Oct 13. Harlequin bugs and cabbage aphids were noted on the untreated check. Irrigation was used to supplement natural rainfall such that approximately 1 in of water was applied weekly.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Aztec’ sweet corn was planted May 6 ‘80 to a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots were 4 rows wide on 30 in centers and 25 ft long. Granular systemic treatments were banded in the furrow at planting; granular whorl treatments were applied with a hand shaker in a 6 in band over the whorl; whorl sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with one nozzle centered over the row calibrated to deliver 30 gal/A at 40 psi. All foliar treatments were applied Jun 10, 17 and 23. At harvest, 20 ears from the middle two rows of each plot were examined for corn borer damage as “none” (clean), “tip” (&lt; 1 1/2 in tip damage) and “side”. Twenty stalks in treated rows were split from tassel to soil surface on Jul 28, and each inch of stalk damage was recorded as 1 cavity.
Soybean Thrips Control on Pickling Cucumbers, 1980
Authors: Webb D. R. , Robbin P. S. , Eckenrode C. J. , Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A population of soybean thrips was observed on May 28 in a commercial cucumber field near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 25-ft long were established. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 70-ft alleys between blocks. Pre-treatment counts were made on 3 leaves/plot on May 28. A single treatment was applied the same day at the rate of 100 gal of water/acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a hollow cone nozzle. One replicate of Sevin had poor coverage due to a clogged screen. Post-treatment thrip counts were made on May 30 and June 2. A vigor rating was made on June 2.