bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of hyper‐ramified microglia in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus potentially associated with stress resilience
Authors: Fujikawa Risako , Jinno Shozo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that some individuals are less affected by stress, and such individuals are called resilient. This study aimed to determine whether the specific phenotype of microglia might be involved in resilience using the social defeat stress paradigm. Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were attacked by aggressive male ICR mice for five consecutive days. After stress exposure, the social behaviour was reduced in about half of the B6 mice (vulnerable), whereas no such change was observed in the remaining half of the B6 mice (resilient). Anxiety‐like behaviour was increased in vulnerable mice compared with resilient mice and non‐stressed controls. However, depression‐related behaviour was comparable between the three groups. The morphological characteristics of microglia in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in non‐stressed controls and resilient mice differed from those in vulnerable mice. Interestingly, the voxel densities of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic puncta colocalized with microglia were higher in resilient mice than in non‐stressed controls and vulnerable mice. Microglia were then objectively classified into three morphological types by hierarchical cluster analysis. The appearance of type I microglia resembled the so‐called resting ramified microglia and represented the major population of microglia in non‐stressed controls. Type II microglia exhibited a de‐ramified morphology and accounted for 60% of the microglia in vulnerable mice. Type III microglia showed a hyper‐ramified morphology and represented more than half of the microglia in resilient mice. These results suggest that hyper‐ramified microglia in the hippocampus may be associated with stress resilience via the modulation of synaptic transmission.
Melanin accumulation in dermal stem cells deteriorates their exosome‐mediated skin basement membrane construction in solar lentigo
Authors: Miyachi Katsuma , Yamada Takaaki , Sanada Ayumi , Inoue Yu , Hasebe Yuichi , Arima Masaru , Iwata Yohei , Hasegawa Seiji , Sugiura Kazumitsu , Akamatsu Hirohiko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolar lentigo (SL) is a hyperpigmented macule that occurs in sun‐exposed areas and is characterized by the accumulation of melanin pigment in the epidermis. On the contrary, melanin‐incorporated macrophages have also been identified in the dermis, which is thought to be caused by melanin transfer due to disruption of the basement membrane, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we analysed SL lesions by pathological methods and examined the mechanism of melanin accumulation in the dermis using cultured skin models in vitro. First, we observed a significant decrease in type IV collagen (COL4), a major component of the basement membrane, in SL lesions. The basement membrane is known to be formed by the interaction of keratinocytes and dermal cells. Therefore, we constructed skin models containing fibroblasts or dermal stem cells and examined their effects on basement membrane formation. The results showed a markedly enhanced production of COL4 mediated by dermal stem cell‐derived exosomes. The analysis of melanin localization in the SL dermis revealed that CD163‐positive macrophages and CD271‐positive dermal stem cells both took up melanin pigment. Exosomes of dermal stem cells incorporating melanosomes were less effective in promoting COL4 expression. These findings suggest that while the promotion of COL4 production in keratinocytes by dermal stem cell‐derived exosomes is important for maintaining basement membrane homeostasis, this mechanism is disrupted in SL lesions, leading to chronic melanin accumulation in the dermis.
Modelling and control of fuzzy‐based systems using intelligent water drop algorithm
Authors: Dass Anuli , Srivastava Smriti , Gupta Monika , Khari Manju , Parra Fuente Javier , Verdú Elena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIdentification and controlling of non‐linear and complex dynamical systems have been a major concern and a serious topic of study in the field of adaptive control systems. Various techniques based on artificial intelligence have been used for this purpose. For modelling and control of plants, it is essential to optimize the values of the parameters associated with the respective technique. Searching the right or optimum value of the associated parameters is known as optimization. The intelligent water drop (IWD) algorithm is an optimization algorithm derived from the natural intelligence of water drop, which always chooses the shortest possible path while travelling from rivers and lakes towards oceans and seas. This paper introduces a new way of visualizing and understanding the IWD algorithm and presents its respective application in the field of modelling and controlling of non‐linear dynamic systems with the help of illustrative examples. Fuzzy type‐1 and recurrent fuzzy systems have been optimized using this algorithm. Its learning ability is compared with that of the grasshopper algorithm, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm and the gradient descent method. The examples show the superiority of the IWD algorithm over the other optimization techniques.
Is it me or my child? The association between maternal depression and children's behavior problems in mothers and their children with or without autism
Authors: Roubinov Danielle , Don Brian , Blades Robin , Epel Elissa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBidirectional associations between maternal depression and child behavior problems have been reported in prior research, however, few studies examine these relations across varied family contexts. This study examined parenting stress and child diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as moderators of bidirectional associations between maternal depression and child behavior problems over time. Our sample included 86 mother–child dyads who reported maternal depressive symptoms, child behavior problems, and parenting stress at three time points over more than 1 year. Approximately half were mothers of children with ASD (n = 41) and half were mothers of neurotypical children (n = 45). We tested the bidirectional associations between maternal depressive symptoms and children's behavior problems and the potential moderating role of parental stress or child ASD diagnosis on these bidirectional associations using aggregated, lagged, and linear mixed models. Even after controlling for lagged maternal depressive symptoms, child behavior problems were associated with greater subsequent maternal depression at the between‐person level, but not at the within‐person level. The converse relation of prior maternal depressive symptoms on subsequent child behavior problems was not significant. Neither parenting stress nor child ASD diagnosis moderated bidirectional associations between maternal depressive symptoms and children's behavior problems. Child behavior predicted maternal depression, but the converse was not true, regardless of parenting stress levels or child's ASD diagnosis. For mothers experiencing elevated parenting stress and those with children with ASD, this may help alleviate elevated feelings of guilt related to their children's behavior problems.
“Euphoria”: Trans children and experiences of prepubertal social transition
Authors: Horton Cal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis research explored experiences of prepubertal social transition, listening to trans children who were affirmed in childhood, as well as hearing from their parents.BackgroundDespite being a topic of significant importance, there is limited qualitative literature on parents' or indeed children's experiences of prepubertal social transition and little qualitative research on how childhood rejection or affirmation influences well‐being.MethodThis study examines qualitative data from 30 parents with experience supporting a trans child to socially transition at average age 7 years (range 3–10 years), alongside data from 10 of the trans children. Data were analyzed through inductive reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe first major theme explored experiences pretransition, with subthemes on children correcting assumptions, becoming distressed, struggling alone, reaching crisis, or growing withdrawn and frustrated. The second major theme examined experiences posttransition, with subthemes on a weight being lifted, validation at school, and well‐being.ConclusionThis qualitative research complements existing quantitative evidence on the importance of social transition, with childhood affirmation critical to the happiness and well‐being of trans children.ImplicationsThe research has significant relevance for parents of trans children, professionals working with families, and policymakers and legislators influencing policy and practice toward trans children and their families.
Hybridization effects on the fatigue properties of novel core‐in‐sheath‐type carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic composite rods
Authors: Oguma Hiroyuki , Naito Kimiyoshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, novel core‐in‐sheath‐type carbon/glass hybrid thermoplastic composite rods with three different carbon/glass ratios were developed. Then, the fatigue behaviors of these rods and their influential factors were investigated. The hybridization of fibers and presence of voids strongly affected the stress dependency of their fatigue life; the hybrid rods with the highest volume fraction of carbon fibers and the lowest one of void showed the highest fatigue strength behavior. The fatigue behavior of the hybrid rods could be predicted via the rule of mixture by using fatigue test data from unidirectional carbon fiber‐ and glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer laminated plates. The structure and dispersion degree of the hybrid rods allowed the prediction of their fatigue behavior based on their constituents with a simple parallel model.
Headache response after CT‐guided fibrin glue occlusion of CSF‐venous fistulas
Authors: Mamlouk Mark D. , Shen Peter Y. , Dahlin Brian C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess headache response and patient perception of improvement after computed tomography (CT)‐guided fibrin glue occlusion of cerebrospinal fluid‐venous fistulas (CVFs) in a large sample size and with a long clinical follow‐up.BackgroundCVFs are an increasingly identified type of spinal leak in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), and CT‐guided fibrin glue occlusion has been introduced as a treatment option in a prior small series.MethodsRetrospective case series review of medical records from a single institution was performed for all patients with CVFs that were treated with CT‐guided fibrin glue occlusion between August 2018 and April 2022 in an outpatient or inpatient setting. Pre‐ and posttreatment Headache Impact Tests (HIT‐6) were administered to patients, and a change in scores was evaluated. In some patients, pretreatment HIT‐6 tests were not obtained prior to the fibrin glue procedure, and the patient was asked to fill out the pretreatment test based on personal recall of their symptoms prior to treatment. Patients completed a Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale after treatment. Pre‐ and posttreatment brain imaging was compared using Bern SIH scores.ResultsThirty‐five patients (19 females, 16 males; mean age 60 years) with CVFs treated with CT‐guided fibrin glue occlusion met the inclusion criteria. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment HIT‐6 scores were 64.7 ± 10.2 and 43.4 ± 9.9 (p < 0.001), respectively. The posttreatment HIT‐6 questionnaires were completed on average 10.3 months after treatment, and 20 patients filled out the pretreatment HIT‐6 form after their treatment. The mean PGIC score was 6.1 ± 1.3. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment Bern SIH scores were 5.9 ± 2.5 and 1.5 ± 1.5 (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsWe report a large series of patients who underwent CT‐guided fibrin glue occlusion of CVFs. We showed that headache scores decreased after treatment, and the majority of patients had high PGIC scores. Posttreatment brain MRIs also showed improved Bern SIH scores.
‘It's always a battle against time’. Experiencing and handling temporal conditions in homecare work
Authors: Strandell Rebecka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn most Western countries, the eldercare sector has undergone transformations to obtain cost containment and more efficient service provision, changing the temporal framing of homecare. Time pressure is a salient issue in homecare, but little is known about how homecare workers experience the temporal conditions of their work. Based on 13 group interviews with homecare workers in Sweden, this study examined how the staff experience temporal conditions and handle time pressure in their everyday work in a context of marketisation and increased use of ‘information and communication technology’. The analysis showed that the workers attributed their experiences of time pressure to the compression of time, the control of time and the unpredictability of time. Strategies adopted to handle time pressure included working unpaid hours, maximising efficiency and reallocating time. It is concluded that the homecare workers primarily adopted individual short‐term strategies to deal with structural and organisational temporal issues.
Defining the influence of external factors on nurse resilience
Authors: Cooper Alannah L. , Leslie Gavin D. , Brown Janie A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the context of pressures faced by the nursing profession including increasing patient acuity and global nursing shortages, the importance of nurse resilience has gained attention in research and practice. Resilience is viewed as a protective factor that enables individuals to avoid psychological harm and continue in their work. There is limited evidence on the impact of external factors such as work conditions on nurse resilience. This study aimed to explore how external factors influence nurse resilience and to incorporate this knowledge into an updated definition of nurse resilience. As part of a two‐phase mixed methods study, focus groups were conducted to obtain qualitative data to explore nurse's perceptions of resilience and factors they felt affected their resilience. Data analysis identified three main themes derived from 10 subthemes: Perceptions of Resilience, Pressures and Challenges, and Support and Strategies contributed to understanding how external factors can affect nurse resilience. A range of factors emerged including the impact of workplace conditions, organizational philosophy, the performance of managers, and the teams nurses work within, which were not reflected in an earlier definition of nurse resilience derived through a concept analysis. These factors were incorporated in an updated definition of nurse resilience. Understanding resilience in the nursing profession and the external factors that affect it is critical to the development of effective research, policies, interventions, and work environments to protect nurse well‐being, promote nurse retention, and ensure the provision of quality patient care.
High level of polarized engraftment of porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids in decellularized liver scaffolds
Authors: Krüger Melanie , Samsom Roos‐Anne , Oosterhoff Loes A. , van Wolferen Monique E. , Kooistra Hans S. , Geijsen Niels , Penning Louis C. , Kock Linda M. , Sainz‐Arnal Pilar , Baptista Pedro M. , Spee Bart 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn Europe alone, each year 5500 people require a life‐saving liver transplantation, but 18% die before receiving one due to the shortage of donor organs. Whole organ engineering, utilizing decellularized liver scaffolds repopulated with autologous cells, is an attractive alternative to increase the pool of available organs for transplantation. The development of this technology is hampered by a lack of a suitable large‐animal model representative of the human physiology and a reliable and continuous cell source. We have generated porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids from adult stem cells and demonstrate that these cultures remained stable over multiple passages whilst retaining the ability to differentiate into hepatocyte‐ and cholangiocyte‐like cells. Recellularization onto porcine scaffolds was efficient and the organoids homogeneously differentiated, even showing polarization. Our porcine intrahepatic cholangiocyte system, combined with porcine liver scaffold paves the way for developing whole liver engineering in a relevant large‐animal model.
Fruits and vegetables are the major source of food safety issues need to overcome at household level (traditional vs. green technologies): A comparative review
Authors: Siddique Zarghona , Malik Aman Ullah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFruits and vegetables are the pivotal sources of essential elements (vitamins and minerals), whose deficiency may cause different kinds of health issues; however, due to non‐judicious use of pesticides and unhygienic practices in the supply chain, fresh produce gets contaminated. These contaminants could be minimized by cooking, blanching, and chlorination at household level, but these thermal and chemical processing techniques negatively affect the product quality and nutrition value. When F & V is consumed in the raw form then these contaminants directly affect human health, which may lead to death or different syndromes. It is hard to eliminate these lethal contaminants from supply chain. Different decontamination technologies previously practiced at household level but have negative impacts on commodities' nutritional value and human health. Henceforth, some green techniques like ozonation, sonication, and ozosonication (O3/US) are considered as emerging sanitizing technologies, without adversely affecting quality of horticultural commodities and human health, when used at optimum limit.
Aptamer and Ru(bpy)32+‐AuNPs‐based electrochemiluminescence biosensor for accurate detecting Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Cui Liwei , Chang Weidan , Wei Rong , Chen Weifeng , Tang Yuanlong , Yue Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a widespread foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) can potentially cause a large number of food safety incidents, and the mortality rate of humans infected with this pathogen is relatively high. Thus, establishment of a fast and simple inspection technology is imperative. Herein, a solid‐state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing switch system based on special ferrocene‐labeled molecular beacon aptamer (Fc‐MBA) has been developed for rapid detection of LM. The biosensor consisted of two main parts, an ECL substrate and an ECL intensity switch. ECL substrate was generated by modifying the complex of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) and ruthenium (II) tris‐(bipyridine) onto Au electrode, and an MBA labeled by Fc that acted as an ECL intensity switch. Moreover, in the presence of LM, the stem‐loop structure of MBA could be opened and the ferrocene was kept away from ECL substrate, which was due to an obvious ECL intensity increment. The limit of detection was 5 CFU/mL, and satisfactory recoveries of 98.1–103.6% were observed. Thus, we propose a novel method for accurate and specific detection of LM.
The hypnagogic state: A brief update
Authors: Ghibellini Romain , Meier Beat 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe hypnagogic state refers to a transitional stage between wakefulness and sleep, in which sensory perceptions can be experienced. In this review, we compile and discuss the recent scientific literature on hypnagogia research regarding the future directions proposed by Schacter (1976; Psychological Bulletin, 83, 452). After a short introduction discussing the terminology used in hypnagogia research and the differentiation of hypnagogic states with other related phenomena, we review the reported prevalence of hypnagogic states. Then, we evaluate the six future directions suggested by Schacter and we propose three further future directions. First, a better understanding of the emotional quality of hypnagogic states is needed. Second, a better understanding of why hypnagogic states occur so frequently in the visual and kinaesthetic modalities is needed. Lastly, a better understanding of the purpose of hypnagogic states is needed. In conclusion, research has made great progress in recent years, and we are one step closer to demystifying the hypnagogic state.
Extracted tissue‐specific atelocollagens have distinctive textural properties
Authors: Nakamura Sayaka , Hoshi Hiroko , Wakabayashi Kaito , Seki Manami , Watanabe Makoto , Watanabe Momoka , Inaba Hiroki , Ushijima Natsumi , Akasaka Tsukasa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFood texture is a very important factor for elderly persons, children, and patients who have difficulty swallowing. Collagen and its hydrolysis product, gelatin, are used as ingredients in foods, dietary supplements, and medical materials. In this study, we extracted atelocollagen from nonedible porcine tissues, including ear, nose, and skin, and analyzed the biophysical properties of each tissue. Extracted whole auricle collagen (AEC) showed superior springiness, while only the skin region of auricle collagen (ASC) showed superior hardness, springiness, and brittleness. Body skin collagen showed high hardness but low springiness. In a shear stress test, ASC gels showed high shear strength, and their strains coincided with hardness in a textural examination, while nose and AEC showed low maximum strains. In viscosity, the auricular collagens showed higher viscosity regardless of the region of the ear. Fibril formation in collagen from each tissue and organ varied a great deal in width and morphology. We found that the same type of collagen had a unique texture and viscosity under physiological conditions depending on the tissue or organ of extraction. The results show that the collagen extracted from each organ has a unique texture and unique possibilities to serve as an ingredient in food or supplements.
Natural history, spectrum and outcome of stage 3 AKI in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Maiwall Rakhi , Rastogi Archana , Pasupuleti Samba Siva R. , Hidam Ashini K. , Singh Mansi , Kadyan Sonia , Jain Priyanka , Kumar Guresh , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThere is limited data on natural course and interventions in stage‐3 acute kidney injury (AKI‐3) in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). We studied the factors of AKI‐3 reversal and outcomes of dialysis in ACLF patients.MethodsConsecutive patients with ACLF were prospectively enrolled (n = 1022) and variables determining AKI and its outcomes were analysed.ResultsAt 1 month, 337 (33%) patients had AKI‐3, of which, 131 had AKI‐3 at enrolment and 206 developed AKI‐3 during hospital stay. Of patients with AKI‐3 at enrolment, 18% showed terlipressin response, 21% had AKI resolution and 59% required dialysis. High MELD (≥35) (model 1), serum bilirubin (≥23 mg/dL) (model 2) and AARC score (≥11) (model 3) were independent risk factors for dialysis. Dialysis was associated with worse survival in all AKI patients but improved outcomes in patients with AKI‐3 (p = .022, HR 0.69 [0.50–0.95]). Post‐mortem kidney biopsies (n = 61) revealed cholemic nephropathy (CN) in 54%, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in 31%, and a combination (CN and ATN) in 15%. Serum bilirubin was significantly higher in patients with CN, CN and ATN compared with ATN respectively ([30.8 ± 12.2] vs. [26.7 ± 12.0] vs. [18.5 ± 9.8]; p = .002).ConclusionAKI‐3 rapidly increases from 13% to 33% within 30 days in ACLF patients. Histopathological data suggested cholemic nephropathy as the predominant cause which correlated with high bilirubin levels. AKI‐3 resolves in only one in five patients. Patients with AARC grade 3 and MELD >35 demand need for early dialysis in AKI‐3 for improved outcomes.