bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John’s walk
Authors: Gustafson Adam , Narayanan Hariharan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present an affine-invariant random walk for drawing uniform random samples from a convex body
$\mathcal{K} \subset \mathbb{R}^n$
that uses maximum-volume inscribed ellipsoids, known as John’s ellipsoids, for the proposal distribution. Our algorithm makes steps using uniform sampling from the John’s ellipsoid of the symmetrization of
$\mathcal{K}$
at the current point. We show that from a warm start, the random walk mixes in
${\widetilde{O}}\!\left(n^7\right)$
steps, where the log factors hidden in the
${\widetilde{O}}$
depend only on constants associated with the warm start and desired total variation distance to uniformity. We also prove polynomial mixing bounds starting from any fixed point x such that for any chord pq of
$\mathcal{K}$
containing x,
$\left|\log \frac{|p-x|}{|q-x|}\right|$
is bounded above by a polynomial in n.
A characterization of Thurston’s Master Teapot
Authors: LINDSEY KATHRYN , WU CHENXI 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe prove an explicit characterization of the points in Thurston’s Master Teapot, which can be implemented algorithmically to test whether a point in$\mathbb {C}\times \mathbb {R}$belongs to the complement of the Master Teapot. As an application, we show that the intersection of the Master Teapot with the unit cylinder is not symmetrical under reflection through the plane that is the product of the imaginary axis of$\mathbb {C}$and$\mathbb {R}$.
Rigidity of joinings for time changes of unipotent flows on quotients of Lorentz groups
Authors: TANG SIYUAN 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLet
$u_{X}^{t}$
be a unipotent flow on
$X=\mathrm {SO}(n,1)/\Gamma $
,
$u_{Y}^{t}$
be a unipotent flow on
$Y=G/\Gamma ^{\prime }$
. Let
$\tilde {u}_{X}^{t}$
,
$\tilde {u}_{Y}^{t}$
be time changes of
$u_{X}^{t}$
,
$u_{Y}^{t}$
, respectively. We show the disjointness (in the sense of Furstenberg) between
$u_{X}^{t}$
and
$\tilde {u}_{Y}^{t}$
(or
$\tilde {u}_{X}^{t}$
and
$u_{Y}^{t}$
) in certain situations. Our method refines the works of Ratner’s shearing argument. The method also extends a recent work of Dong, Kanigowski, and Wei [Rigidity of joinings for some measure preserving systems. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.42 (2022), 665–690].
Utilization of mid-upper arm circumference as discharge tool for children in outpatient therapeutic program, Ethiopia
Authors: Lambebo Abera , Tamiru Dessalegn , Belachew Tefera 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is simple to use and inexpensive in Ethiopia; both MUAC and target weight are employed, although the time to cure for MUAC is not indicated. The present study is aimed to determine cure time of MUAC for children in outpatient therapeutic program. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 414 severe acute malnourished under-five children admitted to selected health twenty-two posts from 1 February to 30 July 2021, in Oromia, Ethiopia. Data were coded, entered to Ep-data version 4.2 software, and transferred to SPSS for windows version 25 software for analysis. The Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to fit independent determinants of time to cure. All tests were two-sided and statistical implications atP-values < 0⋅05. In the present study, the minimum week for a cure was 4 weeks, the maximum was 16 weeks and the overall time to cure severe acute malnutrition as measured by MUAC is judged to be 10 at 95 % CI (9⋅65–10⋅35). Families with six or more members are 2⋅16 times more at risk, children from homes with the lowest wealth index are at 1⋅4 times more risk, and children from food insecure families were 2⋅61 times more likely to require long-term treatment for MUAC. In the present study, the time to cure severe acute malnutrition by MUAC is determined as 10 weeks. Moreover, family size, low wealth index, and household food insecurity were risks to delay in cure time MUAC.
Automated Coding of Political Campaign Advertisement Videos: An Empirical Validation Study
Authors: Tarr Alexander , Hwang June , Imai Kosuke 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVideo advertisements, either through television or the Internet, play an essential role in modern political campaigns. For over two decades, researchers have studied television video ads by analyzing the hand-coded data from the Wisconsin Advertising Project and its successor, the Wesleyan Media Project (WMP). Unfortunately, manually coding more than a hundred of variables, such as issue mentions, opponent appearance, and negativity, for many videos is a laborious and expensive process. We propose to automatically code campaign advertisement videos. Applying state-of-the-art machine learning methods, we extract various audio and image features from each video file. We show that our machine coding is comparable to human coding for many variables of the WMP datasets. Since many candidates make their advertisement videos available on the Internet, automated coding can dramatically improve the efficiency and scope of campaign advertisement research. Open-source software package is available for implementing the proposed methodology.
Lifestyle aspects in a contemporary middle-European cohort of patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer: data from the non-interventional LEAN study
Authors: Schmitz-Dräger Bernd J. , Bismarck Ekkehardt , Grammenos Dorothee , Ebert Thomas , Starlinger Roland , Ottillinger Bertram , Goebell Peter J. , Mühlich Stephan , Benderska-Söder Natalya , Hakenberg Oliver 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with prostate cancer (PCa) is associated with significant side effects. With the transition of PCa from a foudroyant course to a chronic disease, managing these side effects has become increasingly important. There is growing evidence that nutritional changes and physical activity are beneficial in these patients. Here we examine the impact of written patient information on the physical activity and dietary habits of PCa patients receiving ADT and behaviour changes between baseline and 1 year, in the open-label, non-interventional LEAN study. In total, 959 patients with advanced hormone-sensitive PCa requiring ADT with the Leuprorelin Sandoz® implant were included from January 2014 to July 2015 and followed for ≥ 12 months. At the start of the study, urologists received a questionnaire concerning the written information provided to patients regarding their disease, patient advocacy groups, diet and physical activity. Patients received a questionnaire on their dietary habits and physical activity at the start and end of the study. Urologists from 147 study centres and 540 patients responded to the questionnaires. While 69 % of these patients received disease-specific information, only 30 % and 17 % received information regarding nutrition and physical activity, respectively. The majority of urologists estimate that their patients rarely or never follow guidance on nutrition or physical activity, yet > 90 % of patients indicate they would make use of this information, if provided. Few patients showed behavioural changes between baseline and 1 year without evident differences between patients that received information and those that did not.
Framing illegal artisanal and small-scale gold mining in the Ghanaian media during the #StopGalamsey campaign
Authors: Sojková Iva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArtisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) plays a significant socio-economic role in the alleviation of poverty. In Ghana, the increase in and persistence of illegal ASM (galamsey) can be explained by unemployment, cumbersome and costly registration, lack of land, corruption and Chinese engagement. Traditionally, Ghanaian governments have neglected to address ASM activities by means of policy, while publicly emphasizing its negative impacts. In 2017, the media campaign #StopGalamsey became a culmination of this process. This study represents a qualitative content analysis of #StopGalamsey media discourses. It aims to understand how galamsey was framed in the media during the first two years of the campaign. Based on an analysis of 176 articles from the Daily Graphic newspaper, four dominant frames were identified – environmental menace, criminal activity, complex menace and corruption and collusion. Galamsey was portrayed in an overwhelmingly negative way, miners were dehumanised and criminalised, conflicting perspectives marginalised, and non-traditional perception emphasised via Chinese engagement.
Fidelity, stances, and explaining cultural stability
Authors: Buskell Andrew , Charbonneau Mathieu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The bifocal stance theory posits two stances – the ritual and the instrumental – each a learning strategy with different fidelity outcomes. These differences in turn have long-term consequences for cultural stability. Yet we suggest the key concept of “fidelity” is insufficiently explicated. Pointing to counterexamples and gaps in the theory, we suggest that explicating “fidelity” reveals the stances to be heuristic explanatory strategies: first-pass explanatory glosses of learning and its consequences, not descriptions of the inner machinery of agents.
Bifocalism is in the eye of the beholder: Social learning as a developmental response to the accuracy of others' mentalizing
Authors: Campbell Chloe , Fonagy Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This commentary argues the case for developmental psychopathology in understanding social learning. Informed by work on “epistemic disruption,” we have described difficulties with social learning associated with many forms of psychopathology. Epistemic disruption manifests in an inability to move between innovation and conformity, and arises from poor mentalizing, which generates difficulties in identifying social cues that trigger the correct stance.
Representational exchange in social learning: Blurring the lines between the ritual and instrumental
Authors: Vélez Natalia , Wu Charley M. , Cushman Fiery A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe propose that human social learning is subject to a trade-off between the cost of performing a computation and the flexibility of its outputs. Viewing social learning through this lens sheds light on cases that seem to violate bifocal stance theory (BST) – such as high-fidelity imitation in instrumental action – and provides a mechanism by which causal insight can be bootstrapped from imitation of cultural practices.
When instrumental inference hides behind seemingly arbitrary conventions
Authors: Dubourg Edgar , Fitouchi Léo , Baumard Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We review recent evidence that game rules, rules of etiquette, and supernatural beliefs, that the authors see as “ritualistic” conventions, are in fact shaped by instrumental inference. In line with such examples, we contend that cultural practices that may appear, from the outside, to be devoid of instrumental utility, could in fact be selectively acquired and preserved because of their perceived utility.
Implications of instrumental and ritual stances for traditionalism–threat responsivity relationships
Authors: Samore Theodore , Fessler Daniel M. T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Jagiello et al.'s bifocal stance theory provides a useful theoretical framework for attempting to understand the connection between greater adherence to traditional norms and greater sensitivity to threats in the world. Here, we examine the implications of the instrumental and ritual stances with regard to various evolutionary explanations for traditionalism–threat sensitivity linkages.
COVID-19 disease severity to predict persistent symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dirican Emre , Bal Tayibe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
It is unclear, whether the initial disease severity may help to predict which COVID-19 patients at risk of developing persistent symptoms.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to examine whether the initial disease severity affects the risk of persistent symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and long COVID.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted using PUBMED, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and ProQuest databases to identify eligible articles published after January 2020 up to and including 30 August 2021. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects meta-analysis.

Findings:
After searching a total of 7733 articles, 20 relevant observational studies with a total of 7840 patients were selected for meta-analysis. The pooled OR for persistent dyspnea in COVID-19 survivors with a severe versus nonsevere initial disease was 2.17 [95%CI 1.62 to 2.90], and it was 1.33 [95%CI 0.75 to 2.33] for persistent cough, 1.30 [95%CI 1.06 to 1.58] for persistent fatigue, 1.02 [95%CI 0.73 to 1.40] for persistent anosmia, 1.22 [95%CI 0.69 to 2.16] for persistent chest pain, and 1.30 [95%CI 0.93 to 1.81] for persistent palpitation.

Conclusions:
Contrary to expectations, we did not observe an association between the initial COVID-19 disease severity and common persistent symptoms except for dyspnea and fatigue. In addition, it was found that being in the acute or prolonged post-COVID phase did not affect the risk of symptoms. Primary care providers should be alert to potential most prevalent persistent symptoms in all COVID-19 survivors, which are not limited to patients with critical–severe initial disease.
HYPERBOLIC MANIFOLDS THAT FIBRE ALGEBRAICALLY UP TO DIMENSION 8
Authors: Italiano Giovanni , Martelli Bruno , Migliorini Matteo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe construct some cusped finite-volume hyperbolic n-manifolds
$M^n$
that fibre algebraically in all the dimensions
$5\leq n \leq 8$
. That is, there is a surjective homomorphism
$\pi _1(M^n) \to {\mathbb {Z}}$
with finitely generated kernel. The kernel is also finitely presented in the dimensions
$n=7, 8$
, and this leads to the first examples of hyperbolic n-manifolds
$\widetilde M^n$
whose fundamental group is finitely presented but not of finite type. These n-manifolds
$\widetilde M^n$
have infinitely many cusps of maximal rank and, hence, infinite Betti number
$b_{n-1}$
. They cover the finite-volume manifold
$M^n$
. We obtain these examples by assigning some appropriate colours and states to a family of right-angled hyperbolic polytopes
$P^5, \ldots , P^8$
, and then applying some arguments of Jankiewicz, Norin and Wise [18] and Bestvina and Brady [7]. We exploit in an essential way the remarkable properties of the Gosset polytopes dual to
$P^n$
, and the algebra of integral octonions for the crucial dimensions
$n=7,8$
.
“You’ll need to settle your affairs”: How the subject of death is approached by oncologists and advanced cancer patients in follow-up consultations
Authors: Salvadé Hélène , Stiefel Friedrich , Bourquin Céline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to investigate communication about death in consultations with patients undergoing chemotherapy with no curative intent. Specifically, we examined (i) how the topic of death was approached, who raised it, in what way, and which responses were elicited, (ii) how the topic unfolded during consultations, and (iii) whether interaction patterns or distinguishing ways of communicating can be identified.MethodsThe data consisted of 134 audio-recorded follow-up consultations. A framework of sensitizing concepts was developed, and interaction patterns were looked for when death was discussed.ResultsThe subject of death and dying was most often initiated by patients, and they raised it in various ways. In most consultations, direct talk about death was initiated only once. We identified 4 interaction patterns. The most frequent consists of indirect references to death by patients, followed by a direct mention of the death of a loved one, and a statement of the oncologists aiming to skip the subject.Significance of resultsPatients and oncologists have multiple ways of raising, pursuing, addressing and evacuating the subject of death. Being attentive and recognizing these ways and associated interaction patterns can help oncologists to think and elaborate on this topic and to facilitate discussions.
The Wrong Poster Child for Legislative Paralysis: Salvador Allende and Legislative Output in Chile, 1932–1973
Authors: Navia Patricio , Osorio Rodrigo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConflicts resulting from the dual legitimacy problem of presidential systems (where the president and the legislature are elected by different majorities) sometimes result in legislative gridlock – a point made by those who criticize the alleged perils of presidentialism. The socialist government of Salvador Allende (1970–73), that ended with the breakdown of democracy, is often used as a poster child for legislative gridlock. With information on the 23,798 bills and 12,809 laws enacted in Chile between 1932 and 1973, we compare the passage of legislation in eight presidential terms and demonstrate that not to be the case. Legislative output showed an upward trend after the 1943 constitutional reform but was on a downward trend since the mid-1960s, before the 1970 constitutional reform restricted the scope of bills that legislators could introduce. Under Allende, while 1653 bills were introduced (438 of which were presidential bills), 642 laws were passed (38.8% and 68.2%, respectively) – compared to 53.8% and 39.9% for all presidents in the period, respectively. The evidence does not justify the claim that there was legislative gridlock under Allende. Instead, variations in legislative output across presidential terms in Chile can be explained by changes in the rules of the legislative process.
Field Measurement and Prediction of Drag in a Planted Rhizophora Mangrove Forest
Authors: Yoshikai Masaya , Nakamura Takashi , Bautista Dominic M. , Herrera Eugene C. , Baloloy Alvin , Suwa Rempei , Basina Ryan , Primavera‐Tirol Yasmin H. , Blanco Ariel C. , Nadaoka Kazuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrag effects of mangrove forests with complex root systems modulate flow and substance transport and promote sedimentation, all of which are linked to mangroves' ecosystem services (e.g., coastal protection, trapping of suspended organic carbon) and resilience (e.g., vertical accretion relative to sea‐level rise). Previous flume studies proposed a predictive model of drag by Rhizophora mangrove forests based on the quadratic drag law using two parameters‐drag coefficient (CD) and vegetation projected area density (a). However, its general applicability to mangrove forests in the field has not been tested. To fill this knowledge gap, this study quantified drag in a 17‐year‐old planted Rhizophora mangrove forest using comprehensive measurements of hydrodynamics and vegetation morphology. The site showed a much higher value for a than the conditions assumed in previous flume studies, mainly due to root branching and high tree density. We found that despite the much higher vegetation complexity, the derived CD was 1.0 ± 0.2 for tide‐driven currents, consistent with previous flume studies. By using the mean value of derived CD (1.0), we confirmed that the quadratic drag model expresses well the field‐measured drag. We also showed that the value of parameter a can be predicted by only two vegetation parameters (stem diameter and tree density) using an empirical Rhizophora root model, and confirmed the successful prediction of drag from these vegetation parameters and the derived CD. This provides insights into effectively implementing the drag model in hydrodynamic models for better representation of flow, transport, and geomorphic dynamics in mangrove forests.
Physical Characterization of Long‐Lasting Hybrid Eruptions: The 2021 Tajogaite Eruption of Cumbre Vieja (La Palma, Canary Islands)
Authors: Bonadonna Costanza , Pistolesi Marco , Biass Sébastien , Voloschina Marija , Romero Jorge , Coppola Diego , Folch Arnau , D’Auria Luca , Martin‐Lorenzo Alba , Dominguez Lucia , Pastore Camille , Reyes Hardy Maria‐Paz , Rodríguez Fátima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLong‐lasting, hybrid eruptions can be of complex description and classification, especially when associated with multiple eruptive styles and multiple products. The 2021 Tajogaite eruption of La Palma, Canary Islands, was associated with a magma‐gas decoupled system that resulted in the simultaneous emission of lava flows and tephra plumes from various vents. Even though the tephra blanket (∼2 × 107 m3) represents only 7%–16% of the total erupted volume, it provides fundamental insights into the overall eruptive dynamics. Tephra was mostly dispersed NE‐SW due to a complex regional and local wind patterns and was subdivided into 3 units and 11 layers that well correlate at different distances from the vent and with both tremor data and lava emission rate. While plume height varied at the temporal scale of a few hours, the average mass eruption rate associated with the tephra blanket of the different units remained relatively constant (∼3–4 × 103 kg s−1). In contrast, the emission rate of lava largely increased after the first week and remained higher than the overall emission of tephra throughout the whole eruption (average value of ∼6 × 104 kg s−1). Based on a detailed characterization of the tephra blanket in combination with atmospheric wind, tremor, and lava emission trend, we demonstrate the need of (a) multidisciplinary strategies for the description of hybrid eruptions that account for both the duration of individual phases and the quantification of the mass of multiple products, and of (b) dedicated ash dispersal forecasting strategies that account for the frequent variations of eruptive and atmospheric conditions.
From Grains to Plastics: Modeling Nourishment Patterns and Hydraulic Sorting of Fluvially Transported Materials in Deltas
Authors: Wright Kyle , Hariharan Jayaram , Passalacqua Paola , Salter Gerard , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the way fluvially transported materials are partitioned in river deltas is essential for predicting their morphological change and the fate of environmental constituents and contaminants. Translating water‐based partitioning estimates into fluxes of nonwater materials is often difficult to constrain because most materials are not uniformly distributed in the water column and may have characteristic transport pathways that differ from the mean flow. Here, we present a novel reduced‐complexity modeling approach for simulating the patterns of transport of a diverse range of suspended fluvial inputs influenced by vertical stratification and topographic steering. We utilize a mixed Eulerian‐Lagrangian modeling approach to estimate the patterns of nourishment and connectivity in the Wax Lake and Atchafalaya Deltas in coastal Louisiana. Using the reduced‐complexity particle routing model dorado, in conjunction with a calibrated ANUGA hydrodynamic model, we quantify how transport patterns in each system change as a function of a material's Rouse number and environmental conditions. We find that even small changes to local topographic steering lead to emergent system‐scale changes in patterns of fluvial nourishment, with greater channel‐island connectivity for positively buoyant materials than negatively buoyant materials, hydraulically sorting different materials in space. We also find that the nourishment patterns of some materials are more sensitive than others to changes in discharge, tidal conditions, and anthropogenic dredging. Our results have important implications for understanding the eco‐geomorphic evolution of deltas, and our modeling framework could have interdisciplinary implications for studying the transport of materials in other systems, including sediments, nutrients, wood, plastics, and biotic materials.