bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The stratification of rigidity
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , Kalyanapuram Nikhil 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We show that a master integrand basis exists for all planar, two-loop amplitudes in massless four-dimensional theories which is fully stratified by rigidity — with each integrand being either pure and strictly polylogarithmic or (pure and) strictly elliptic-polylogarithmic, with each of the later involving a single elliptic curve. Such integrands can be said to have definite rigidity.
Supersizing axions with small size instantons
Authors: Kivel Alexey , Laux Julien , Yu Felix 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We construct a new framework to calculate the enhancement of axion masses and concomitant effects on axion-meson mixing arising from small size instantons (SSIs), which originate in models featuring an extended color gauge symmetry. The framework is based on an explicit evaluation of ‘t Hooft determinantal operators that partition into instanton amplitudes, affording a more precise determination of the axion-diphoton coupling than previous results. Using an explicit model first presented in ref. [1], we demonstrate that axions solving the strong CP problem can have electroweak scale masses and higher, driven by SSI effects. Such collider axions are prime targets for resonance searches at the Large Hadron Collider and afford a unique anchor for motivating extended color symmetries.
M-theory on AdS4 × S7 at 1-loop and beyond
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Chester Shai M. , Raj Himanshu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study graviton scattering on AdS4× S7, which is dual to the stress tensor multiplet four-point function in the maximally supersymmetric 3d U(N)1× U(N)−1 ABJM theory. We compute 1-loop corrections to this holographic correlator coming from Witten diagrams with supergravity R and higher derivative R4 vertices, up to contact term ambiguities, and find that the flat space limit matches the corresponding terms in the 11d M-theory S-matrix. We then use supersymmetric localization to show that all the 1-loop contact terms vanish, as was previously observed for the AdS4× S7/ℤ2 theory dual to U(N)2× U(N)−2 ABJM. Finally, we use the recent localization results of Gaiotto and Abajian, as inspired by twisted M-theory, to compute all the short OPE coefficients in correlators of the stress tensor multiplet and the next lowest half-BPS operator, which we find saturate the bootstrap bounds on these mixed correlators for all N.
Surveying cliff-nesting seabirds with unoccupied aircraft systems in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Bishop Amanda M. , Brown Casey L. , Christie Katherine S. , Kettle Arthur B. , Larsen Gregory D. , Renner Heather M. , Younkins Lillie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrones, or unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS), can transform the way scientific information on wildlife populations is collected. UAS surveys produce accurate estimates of ground-nesting seabirds and a variety of waterbirds, but few studies have examined the trade-offs of this methodology for counting cliff-nesting seabirds. In this study, we examined how different UAS survey parameters might influence seabird counts for population monitoring and assessed behavioral responses to aerial surveys for three sub-Arctic seabird taxa in the Gulf of Alaska: common murres (Uria aalge), black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), and pelagic and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus and Phalacrocorax auritus). We flew two commercially available models of UAS in planned approaches at different speeds and distances from colonies during incubation and chick-rearing periods. We compared counts from UAS-derived images with those from vessel-based photography and assessed video recordings of individual birds’ behaviors for evidence of disturbance during UAS operations and control phases. Count estimates from UAS images were similar to or higher than those from conventional vessel-based images, and UAS were particularly effective at photographing birds at sites with high cliff walls or complex topography. We observed no significant behavioral responses to the UAS by murres or cormorants, but we did observe flushing by black-legged kittiwakes during UAS flights; most of these birds were not incubating or brooding. At both the colony and individual level, we observed slightly greater responses to the smaller UAS platform and closer approaches. These results inform both species specific and general best practices for research and recreational usage of UAS near cliff-nesting seabird colonies.
Cortical adaptation of the night monkey to a nocturnal niche environment: a comparative non-invasive T1w/T2w myelin study
Authors: Ikeda Takuro , Autio Joonas A. , Kawasaki Akihiro , Takeda Chiho , Ose Takayuki , Takada Masahiko , Van Essen David C. , Glasser Matthew F. , Hayashi Takuya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNight monkeys (Aotus) are the only genus of monkeys within the Simian lineage that successfully occupy a nocturnal environmental niche. Their behavior is supported by their sensory organs’ distinctive morphological features; however, little is known about their evolutionary adaptations in sensory regions of the cerebral cortex. Here, we investigate this question by exploring the cortical organization of night monkeys using high-resolution in-vivo brain MRI and comparative cortical-surface T1w/T2w myeloarchitectonic mapping. Our results show that the night monkey cerebral cortex has a qualitatively similar but quantitatively different pattern of cortical myelin compared to the diurnal macaque and marmoset monkeys. T1w/T2w myelin and its gradient allowed us to parcellate high myelin areas, including the middle temporal complex (MT +) and auditory cortex, and a low-myelin area, Brodmann area 7 (BA7) in the three species, despite species differences in cortical convolutions. Relative to the total cortical-surface area, those of MT + and the auditory cortex are significantly larger in night monkeys than diurnal monkeys, whereas area BA7 occupies a similar fraction of the cortical sheet in all three species. We propose that the selective expansion of sensory areas dedicated to visual motion and auditory processing in night monkeys may reflect cortical adaptations to a nocturnal environment.
Prion assemblies: structural heterogeneity, mechanisms of formation, and role in species barrier
Authors: Igel Angélique , Fornara Basile , Rezaei Human , Béringue Vincent 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrions are proteinaceous pathogens responsible for a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases in animal and human. Prions are formed from misfolded, ß-sheet rich, and aggregated conformers (PrPSc) of the host-encoded prion protein (PrPC). Prion replication stems from the capacity of PrPSc to self-replicate by templating PrPC conversion and polymerization. The question then arises about the molecular mechanisms of prion replication, host invasion, and capacity to contaminate other species. Studying these mechanisms has gained in recent years further complexity with evidence that PrPSc is a pleiomorphic protein. There is indeed compelling evidence for PrPSc structural heterogeneity at different scales: (i) within prion susceptible host populations with the existence of different strains with specific biological features due to different PrPSc conformers, (ii) within a single infected host with the co-propagation of different strains, and (iii) within a single strain with evidence for co-propagation of PrPSc assemblies differing in their secondary to quaternary structure. This review summarizes current knowledge of prion assembly heterogeneity, potential mechanisms of formation during the replication process, and importance when crossing the species barrier.
Feature importance measures to dissect the role of sub-basins in shaping the catchment hydrological response: a proof of concept
Authors: Cappelli Francesco , Tauro Flavia , Apollonio Ciro , Petroselli Andrea , Borgonovo Emanuele , Grimaldi Salvatore 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the response of a catchment is a crucial problem in hydrology, with a variety of practical and theoretical implications. Dissecting the role of sub-basins is helpful both for advancing current knowledge of physical processes and for improving the implementation of simulation or forecast models. In this context, recent advancements in sensitivity analysis tools could be worthwhile for bringing out hidden dynamics otherwise not easy to distinguish in complex data driven investigations. In the present work seven feature importance measures are described and tested in a specific and simplified proof of concept case study. In practice, simulated runoff time series are generated for a watershed and its inner 15 sub-basins. A machine learning tool is calibrated using the sub-basins time series for forecasting the watershed runoff. Importance measures are applied on such synthetic hydrological scenario with the aim to investigate the role of each sub-basin in shaping the overall catchment response. This proof of concept offers a simplified representation of the complex dynamics of catchment response. The interesting result is that the discharge at the catchment outlet depends mainly on 3 sub-basins that are consistently identified by alternative sensitivity measures. The proposed approach can be extended to real applications, providing useful insights on the role of each sub-basin also analyzing more complex scenarios.
Flexmi: a generic and modular textual syntax for domain-specific modelling
Authors: Kolovos Dimitris , de la Vega Alfonso 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDomain-specific languages allow engineers and domain experts to express problems and design solutions using domain-focused vocabularies and abstractions, by means of graphical or textual syntaxes. In the case of textual syntaxes, language engineers can opt for creating a language-specific syntax by defining and maintaining a BNF-style grammar, or use an existing general-purpose reflective syntax such as the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) or the Human Usable Textual Notation (HUTN), which do not require any development and maintenance effort, but which are more verbose and cannot be customised. We present Flexmi: a new general-purpose textual syntax for defining models that conform to Eclipse Modelling Framework’s Ecore-based metamodels. Flexmi offers XML and YAML/JSON syntax flavours, it can be fuzzily parsed to reduce verbosity, and it includes a templating system to facilitate encapsulation of reusable composite model element structures, thus enabling more concise model specifications. We have evaluated Flexmi for verbosity and model loading performance against XMI, HUTN, and a bespoke (i.e. custom) textual syntax for Ecore (Emfatic). Our results indicate that the use of fuzzy parsing and templates allow Flexmi to achieve a significant reduction in the verbosity of models compared to XMI/HUTN and can become almost as concise as a bespoke textual syntax, with a moderate performance penalty.
Cancer Patients’ Age-Related Benefits from Mobile Neurofeedback-Therapy in Quality of Life and Self-efficacy: A Clinical Waitlist Control Study
Authors: Schmidt Kira , Krawutschke Marvin , Kowalski Axel , Pasche Saskia , Bialek Anna , Schweig Theresa , Weismüller Benjamin , Tewes Mitra , Schuler Martin , Hamacher Rainer , Müller Bernhard W. , Schadendorf Dirk , Skoda Eva-Maria , Teufel Martin , Fink Madeleine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG NF) can improve quality of life (QoL) and reduce distress by modifying the amplitude of selected brain frequencies. This study aims to investigate the effects of NF therapy on QoL and self-efficacy in cancer patients and to explore age-related reactions. In a waitlist control paradigm, psychometric data (EORTC QLQ-C30, General Self-Efficacy Scale) of 20 patients were collected at three different time points, each five weeks apart. An outpatient 10-session NF intervention (mobile) was conducted between the second and third measurement point. QoL and self-efficacy changed significantly over time (QoL: F(2,36) = 5.294, p < .05, η2 = .227; Self-efficacy: F(2,26) = 8.178, p < .05, η2 = .386). While QoL increased in younger patients, older patients initially showed a decrease in QoL, which then increased during intervention. Younger patients did not differ from older patients in QoL in both waitlist control (T0-T1) and intervention phase (T1–T2). QoL in older patients significantly differed between waitlist control and intervention phase (Z = − 2.023, p < .05, d = 1.085). Self-efficacy increased in both age categories. Younger and older patients did not differ in self-efficacy in waitlist control, but in intervention phase (F(1,16) = 7.014, p < .05, η2 = .319). The current findings suggest that NF therapy is a promising treatment modality for improving QoL in cancer patients. Our study reveals NF being a tool to influence self-efficacy, which should receive more appreciation in clinical care. However, the effect of NF in different age groups as well as the influence on further cancer-related symptoms should be investigated in future research.
Rationalities that underpin employability provision in higher education across eight countries
Authors: Hooley T. J. , Bennett D. , Knight E. B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores the rationalities advanced by 18 higher education institutions, located across eight countries, for developing and delivering employability provision. The article uses Sultana’s Habermasian-derived framework to categorise rationalities as either technocratic, humanistic or emancipatory. Based on a series of semi-structured dialogic interviews, the article explores how key strategic and operational personnel within higher education institutions articulate their rationality for engaging with employability. It finds that the rationalities advanced to support employability within different institutions vary through a conversation between institutional culture and priorities and the demands of different stakeholders who the institution seeks to engage. The technocratic and humanistic rationalities dominate, with the emancipatory rationality weakly represented in the data. However, in many cases, the different rationalities are woven together, often for tactical reasons, to create bespoke institutional rationalities.
Human activities disrupt the temporal dynamics of salinity in Spanish rivers
Authors: Moyano Salcedo Alvaro Javier , Estévez Edurne , Salvadó Humbert , Barquín José , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman activities are not only increasing salinization of rivers, they might also be altering the temporal dynamics of salinity. Here, we assess the effect of human activities on the temporal dynamics of electrical conductivity (EC) in 91 Spanish rivers using daily measures of EC from 2007 to 2011. We expected rivers weakly affected by human activities to have low and constant ECs, whereas rivers strongly affected by human activities should have high and variable ECs throughout the year. We collected information on land use, climate, and geology that could explain the spatiotemporal variation in EC. We identified four groups of rivers with differences in EC trends that covered a gradient of anthropogenic pressure. According to Random Forest analysis, temporal EC patterns were mainly driven by agriculture, but de-icing roads, mining, and wastewater discharges were also important to some extent. Linear regressions showed a moderate relationship between EC variability and precipitation, and a weak relationship to geology. Overall, our results show strong evidence that human activities disrupt the temporal dynamics of EC. This could have strong effects on aquatic biodiversity (e.g., aquatic organisms might not adapt to frequent and unpredictable salinity peaks) and should be incorporated into monitoring and management plans.
Algebraic degree of Cayley graphs over abelian groups and dihedral groups
Authors: Lu Lu , Mönius Katja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor a graph$$\Gamma $$Γ, letKbe the smallest field containing all eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of$$\Gamma $$Γ. The algebraic degree$$\deg (\Gamma )$$deg(Γ)is the extension degree$$[K:\mathbb {Q}]$$[K:Q]. In this paper, we completely determine the algebraic degrees of Cayley graphs over abelian groups and dihedral groups.
Consistent Approximation of Interpolating Splines in Image Metamorphosis
Authors: Justiniano Jorge , Rajković Marko , Rumpf Martin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates a variational model for splines in the image metamorphosis model for the smooth interpolation of key frames in the space of images. The Riemannian manifold of images based on the metamorphosis model defines shortest geodesic paths interpolating two images as minimizers of the path energy which measures the viscous dissipation caused by the motion field and dissipation caused by the material derivative of the image intensity along motion paths. In this paper, we aim at smooth interpolation of multiple key frame images picking up the general observation of cubic splines in Euclidean space which minimize the squared acceleration along the interpolation path. To this end, we propose the spline functional which combines quadratic functionals of the Eulerian motion acceleration and of the second material derivative of the image intensity as the proper notion of image intensity acceleration. We propose a variational time discretization of this model and study the convergence to a suitably relaxed time continuous model via $$\varGamma $$
Γ
-convergence methodology. As a byproduct, this also allows to establish the existence of metamorphosis splines for given key frame images as minimizers of the time continuous spline functional. The time discretization is complemented by effective spatial discretization based on finite differences and a stable B-spline interpolation of deformed quantities. A variety of numerical examples demonstrates the robustness and versatility of the proposed method in applications. For the minimization of the fully discrete energy functional, a variant of the iPALM algorithm is used.
Recurrent Graph Neural Networks for Video Instance Segmentation
Authors: Brissman Emil , Johnander Joakim , Danelljan Martin , Felsberg Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVideo instance segmentation is one of the core problems in computer vision. Formulating a purely learning-based method, which models the generic track management required to solve the video instance segmentation task, is a highly challenging problem. In this work, we propose a novel learning framework where the entire video instance segmentation problem is modeled jointly. To this end, we design a graph neural network that in each frame jointly processes all detections and a memory of previously seen tracks. Past information is considered and processed via a recurrent connection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comprehensive experiments. Our approach operates online at over 25 FPS and obtains 16.3 AP on the challenging OVIS benchmark, setting a new state-of-the-art. We further conduct detailed ablative experiments that validate the different aspects of our approach. Code is available at https://github.com/emibr948/RGNNVIS-PlusPlus.
The Adolescent Problem Gambling Prevalence Associated with Leisure-Time Activities and Risky Behaviors in Southern Spain
Authors: Moñino-García M. , Ballesta M. , Huerta JM. , Correa-Rodríguez JF. , Cabrera-Castro N. , Llorens N. , Chirlaque-López MD. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGambling addiction is increasing and is becoming a public health concern due to the rise of gambling-related harms affecting the youth. Previous studies suggest a strong link between problem gambling (PG) and substance use and psychosocial and familial factors. Our main objective was to analyze the association between PG and factors like sport, leisure-time activities, and risk-taking behaviors in adolescents. A survey on substance use and addictive behaviors was performed in 2019 on a representative sample of 2240 subjects (14–18 years) from the Southern Spain Region. Data variables like socio-demographic characteristics, sport, leisure and free time activities, family environment, PG (Lie-Bet Scale), compulsive internet use (CIUS Scale), and consumption of alcohol and cannabis were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Weighted PG prevalence was estimated in either sex, as well as the differences between various levels of PG using chi-square tests. Crude and adjusted weighted logistic regression models were used to identify predictors associated with PG. The prevalence of PG was associated with shopping frequency, compulsive internet use, cannabis use in the previous month, higher family economic status, and having a homemaker father which increased the likelihood of PG. On the contrary, cultural hobbies such as playing an instrument, painting, singing, and writing, and having a working mother were inversely associated with PG. Our results suggest that encouraging participation in creative activities along with supervised shopping and monitoring compulsive internet use and cannabis consumption may contribute some protection against adolescent PG.
European Union Cohesion Policy: Socio-Economic Vulnerability of the Regions and the COVID-19 Shock
Authors: Sánchez Angeles , Jiménez-Fernández Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe European Union Cohesion Policy for the period 2021–2027 focuses on five goals to make the European Union smarter, greener, more connected, more social and closer to citizens. However, a macroeconomic index is proposed as the predominant criterion for allocating the Structural Funds among regions. In this paper, we hypothesise that it is possible to take into account new, complementary criteria that better reflect citizens’ quality of life. To that end, we build a composite index of socio-economic vulnerability for the 233 regions. The results show that following our multidimensional approach for allocating the Structural Funds, there are remarkable differences in the maps of priority regions. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic represents a threat to well-being. Are all regions equally exposed to COVID-19 in terms of their socio-economic vulnerability? To address this issue, we estimate multilevel models which indicate that country characteristics interact with regions’ characteristics to alter patterns of vulnerability. More specifically, increases in government expenditures in education and an improvement in political stability would reduce the regional vulnerability or foster the capacity for resilience, whereas increases in poverty would be associated with greater vulnerability. Likewise, more vulnerable regions would be the most exposed to the negative socio-economic effects of COVID-19. However, it is remarkable that several regions of Sweden and Finland would be among the group of regions whose socio-economic vulnerability would be the most negatively affected.