bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using feasibility dose–volume histograms to reduce intercampus plan quality variability for head‐and‐neck cancer
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Liu Chieh‐Wen , LaHurd Danielle , Murray Eric , Kolar Matthew , Joshi Nikhil , Woody Neil , Koyfman Shlomo , Xia Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to objectively assess variability of intercampus plan quality for head‐and‐neck (HN) cancer and to test utility of a priori feasibility dose–volume histograms (FDVHs) as planning dose goals. In this study, 109 plans treated from 2017 to 2019 were selected, with 52 from the main campus and 57 from various regional centers. For each patient, the planning computed tomography images and contours were imported into a commercial program to generate FDVHs with a feasibility value (f‐value) ranging from 0.0 to 0.5. For 10 selected organs‐at‐risk (OARs), we used the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) to quantify the overlaps between FDVH and clinically achieved DVH of each OAR and determined the f‐value associated with the maximum DSC (labeled as f‐max). Subsequently, 10 HN plans from the regional centers were replanned with planning dose goals guided by FDVHs. The clinical and feasibility‐guided auto‐planning (FgAP) plans were evaluated using our institutional criteria. Among plans from the main campus and regional centers, the median f‐max values were statistically significantly different (p < 0.05) for all OARs except for the left parotid (p = 0.622), oral cavity (p = 0.057), and mandible (p = 0.237). For the 10 FgAP plans, the median values of f‐max were 0.21, compared to 0.37 from the clinical plans. With comparable dose coverage to the tumor volumes, the significant differences (p < 0.05) in the median f‐max and corresponding dose reduction (shown in parenthesis) for the spinal cord, larynx, supraglottis, trachea, and esophagus were 0.27 (8.5 Gy), 0.3 (7.6 Gy), 0.19 (5.9 Gy), 0.19 (8.9 Gy), and 0.12 (4.0 Gy), respectively. In conclusion, the FDVH prediction is an objective quality assurance tool to evaluate the intercampus plan variability. This tool can also provide guideline in planning dose goals to further improve plan quality.
Modulation of Neuroinflammation via Selective Nanoparticle‐Mediated Drug Delivery to Activated Microglia/Macrophages in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Stigliano Cinzia , Frazier Allison , Horner Philip J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by immune cell invasion and activation, combined with inflammatory mediator release that worsens outcomes following primary trauma. Effective therapies targeting neuroinflammation remain an unmet need, and modulation of the injury microenvironment to induce a comprehensive pro‐regenerative response is an attractive therapeutic approach. Given its crucial role in cell stress and inflammation after SCI, the potential of pharmacologically targeting MAPK‐activated protein kinase‐2 (MK2) to modulate the response of microglia/macrophages after injury is focused. Nanoparticles (NPs) containing an MK2 inhibitor for specific targeting of microglia/macrophages is developed. NPs selectively target and modulate activated microglia/macrophages in vitro and in a rat model of SCI. NPs in the acute injury setting reduce the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 and increase the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Importantly, NPs have a significant effect on microglia/macrophage distribution and accumulation, leading to ≈65% reduction of immune cells around the injury. Last, microglia/macrophage populations with activated morphology are significantly reduced compared to resting or ramified cells around the lesion site. This strategy exhibits potential therapeutic efficiency and specificity for local, pharmacologic manipulation of activated microglia/macrophages, and is a versatile tool to manage acute inflammation and glia plasticity after central nervous system trauma.
Further clinical delineation of microcephaly‐capillary malformation syndrome
Authors: Postma Julianne K. , Zambonin Jessica L. , Khouj Ebtissal , Alyamani Suad , Graham John M. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Kundell Stephen , Carter Melissa T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrocephaly‐Capillary Malformation syndrome (MIC‐CAP) is a rare genetic disorder reported in 18 individuals to date. The clinical features typically include microcephaly, multiple cutaneous capillary malformations, seizures, neurologic impairment, and global developmental delay. Currently, there is little published information about the natural history and long‐term outcomes for individuals with MIC‐CAP. In this report, we provide follow up on two previously published patients and describe four new patients. The included patients highlight increased variability in the clinical spectrum and provide novel information regarding medical complications and recurrent variants.
A simple approach for a PEG‐b‐PLA‐compatibilized interface in PLA/HAp nanocomposite. From the design of the material to the improvement of thermal/mechanical properties and bioactivity
Authors: Carette Xavier , Mincheva Rosica , Gonon Maurice Francois , Raquez Jean‐Marie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA simple approach towards the compatibilization of polylactide (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles nanocomposites is here presented. An amphiphilic diblock copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and PLA block was prepared and used to form an interphase between PLA matrix and HAp nanofiller. This copolymer was next mixed with HAp to intimly deposit PEG block on the HAp surface. Effective hydrophobization via PLA chains presence on the surface of the modified nanoparticles was attested via dispersion test in chloroform. Finally, the as modified HAp nanoparticles were blended in PLA. Thermal analyses showed a Tg superior to human body temperature. Dynamic mechanical and morphological analysis attested for improved dispersion and deagglomeration state of the nanoparticles in PLA. Interfacial mechanical properties studies recorded an increase of 150% in compressive modulus compared with neat PLA. In vitro bioactivity assay showed beneficial effect on the mineralization process in simulated body fluid when the interphase is created. This improvement of mechanical properties and bioactivity combined with a simple production process as extrusion make these materials suitable choice for potential load bearing applications.
Urinary excretion of silibinin diastereoisomers and their conjugated metabolites in rat and human at different dosages
Authors: Xu Cong , Yuan Yuan , Pang Ping , Yang Huanhuan , Zhang Qiang , Yuan Dan , Qi Wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSilibinin is a mixture of two flavonoid lignan silibinins A and B from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.). Using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight–MS (UPLC/Q‐TOF–MS), a total of 18 metabolites were identified in rat and human urine samples after oral administration of silibinin capsule. Furthermore, nine glucuronides and/or sulfated metabolites and two prototype compounds were simultaneously quantified in rat urine after oral administration of silibinin capsule at 50 and 100 mg/kg. Over a 72‐h period, 27.6% and 23.3% of silibinin were excreted in the form of metabolites (n = 11) in urine, among which five major metabolites, including silibinin A‐7‐O‐β‐glucuronide (SA‐7G), silibinin B‐7‐O‐β‐glucuronide (SB‐7G), silibinin A‐5‐O‐β‐glucuronide (SA‐5G), silibinin B‐5‐O‐β‐glucuronide (SB‐5G) and silibinin A‐20‐O‐glucuronide (SA‐20G), accounted for 20.5% and 15.5% of the dosages, respectively, when administered at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. These results suggested that glucuronidation at the C7‐, C5‐ and C20‐hydroxyls was the primary metabolic pathway of silibinin diastereoisomers in vivo. The present results provide helpful information about the in vivo metabolism and clinical usage of silibinin capsule.
The interaction between depression diagnosis and BMI is related to altered activation pattern in the right inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex during food anticipation
Authors: Manelis A , Halchenko YO , Satz S , Ragozzino R , Iyengar S , Swartz HA , Levine MD 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDepression and overweight/obesity often cooccur but the underlying neural mechanisms for this bidirectional link are not well understood.MethodsIn this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we scanned 54 individuals diagnosed with depressive disorders (DD) and 48 healthy controls (HC) to examine how diagnostic status moderates the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and brain activation during anticipation and pleasantness rating of food versus nonfood stimuli.ResultsWe found a significant BMI‐by‐diagnosis interaction effect on activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during food versus nonfood anticipation (p < .0125). Brain activation in these regions was greater in HC with higher BMI than in HC with lower BMI. Individuals with DD showed an opposite pattern of activation. Structural equation modeling revealed that the relationship between BMI, activation in the RIFG and ACC, and participants’ desire to eat food items shown in the experiment depended on the diagnostic status.ConclusionsConsidering that food anticipation is an important component of appetitive behavior and that the RIFG and ACC are involved in emotion regulation, response inhibition and conflict monitoring necessary to control this behavior, we propose that future clinical trials targeting weight loss in DD should investigate whether adequate mental preparation positively affects subsequent food consumption behaviors in these individuals.
Financial scarcity and caloric intake: It is not always about motivation
Authors: Pfeiffer Bruce E. , Deval Hélène , Kardes Frank R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough prior research has established a cognitive association between perceived financial resources and increased caloric intake, the underlying process is still largely unknown. To date, the psychological influence of financial cues on eating behavior has primarily been explained in terms of goal activation. Perceived scarcity of financial resources is thought to result in a motivational drive to acquire food. In this research, we provide empirical support for this account while exploring how other types of cognitive associations involving semantic constructs (like traits) can also impact eating behavior. Traits are distinguishing qualities or characteristics that are associated with an individual or a group. They are commonly activated spontaneously during social interactions, leading to an associative behavior. Since semantic constructs are not motivational, they influence behavior in the absence of motivation. In this paper, we contribute to the existing literature in several ways. First, we conceptually replicate prior research, providing further support for the behavioral effects of a cognitive association between financial resources and caloric intake. Second, we provide empirical evidence that financial cues influence eating behavior both motivationally and non‐motivationally. Lastly, we find that trait constructs and goal constructs can be activated independently and have differential effects on eating behavior.
Detection and segmentation of melanoma skin cancer in dermoscopy images using modified Alexnet convolutional neural network‐morphological methodology
Authors: Govindaswamy Bharathi , Mallappa Malleswaran 
Published: August 2022

SummaryMelanoma is most vicious and dangerous type of skin cancer that its early detection can save patients' lives. Computer‐aided methods can be used for this early detection with acceptable performance. In this article, the melanoma skin cancer dermoscopy images are detected and cancer regions are segmented using the proposed modified AlexNet convolutional neural network‐morphological segmentation (CNN‐MS) method. This proposed work consists of enhancement stage, feature matrix construction stage, CNN classification stage, and segmentation stage. In enhancement stage, the skin pixels are contrast enhanced by histogram equalization technique and then non‐sub sampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is applied on the enhanced skin image to obtain the decomposed coefficients. Further, local ternary pattern (LTP) features are computed from the enhanced image and the feature matrix (FM) is constructed by integrating the NSCT coefficients and the LTP features. This constructed FM is fed to the CNN model for the classification of Melanoma skin cancer images from the normal skin images. Finally, morphological functions are applied on the classified melanoma skin image to segment the cancer regions. The performance of this developed model for skin cancer detection is analyzed on international skin imaging collaboration (ISIC) dataset images and achieves 98.11% of Se, 98.5% of Sp, 99.11% of Acc, and 0.96 of MCC. Also, the performance of this developed model for skin cancer detection is analyzed on SIIM‐ISIC dataset images and achieves 98.04% Se, 98.46% Sp, 99.12% Acc, and 0.97 MCC.
Alternate wetting and moderate soil drying could increase grain yields in both main and ratoon rice crops
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Xiangchen , Yu Guilong , Duan Bin , Wang Hao , Zhao Haiying , Feng Daqing , Gu Mengxuan , Hu Yang , Chen Yingxia , Liu Lijun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlternate wetting and drying irrigation is a widely used irrigation method for water‐savings and high‐yielding in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production; however, its effect on grain yield (GY) in the main and ratoon crops is unclear. With two rice cultivars as materials, the effects on GY in the main and ratoon crop of three irrigation regimes, that is, conventional flooding irrigation (CI), alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation (WMD), and alternate wetting and severe soil drying irrigation (WSD), during grain filling of the main crop were investigated. Compared with CI, WMD increased GY by 6.0∼6.5% in the main crop by increasing the 1,000‐grain weight and filled grain rate, whereas the ratoon crop GY increased by 13.3∼14.6% via increased panicle number. The WSD had no significant effects on the main crop GY, but significantly decreased ratoon crop GY by decreasing panicle number. A higher leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, root oxidation activity, dry matter accumulation and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) translocation under WMD primarily drove the increased 1,000‐grain weight and filled grain rate in the main crop. Under WMD, higher soluble sugar contents catalysed by high amylase activity and higher zeatin + zeatin riboside in stems of the main crop promoted the growth of regenerated buds and increased the ratoon crop panicle number. In conclusion, WMD during grain filling of the main crop improved the growth and development of the main crop and promote the germination of regenerated buds, thereby increasing the GY of both main and ratoon crops.
Exploring the bidirectional relationships between night eating, loss of control eating, and sleep quality in Chinese adolescents: A four‐wave cross‐lagged study
Authors: Weng Hongbin , Barnhart Wesley R. , Cheng Yawei , Chen Gui , Cui Tianxiang , Lu Tom , He Jinbo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the bidirectional relationships between sleep quality, loss of control (LOC) eating, and night eating in Chinese adolescents using longitudinal data over an 18‐month study period.MethodFour‐waves of data measurement (Waves 1–4), at 6‐month intervals, were conducted with 2566 adolescents aged 11–17 years at baseline. A set of questionnaires were used to assess night eating, LOC eating, and sleep quality at each wave of data collection. Cross‐lagged models were applied to analyze the bidirectional relationships between night eating, LOC eating, and sleep quality.ResultsResults indicated that higher night eating scores consistently predicted poorer sleep quality and higher LOC eating scores at Waves 1, 2, and 3. Furthermore, poorer sleep quality predicted higher night eating scores at Wave 1 and Wave 3, and higher LOC eating scores predicted higher night eating scores at Wave 1 and Wave 2.DiscussionThese findings highlight that night eating, LOC eating, and sleep quality were interrelated across time in Chinese adolescents. Improving sleep quality and reducing LOC eating might be promising in the prevention of night eating in adolescents. Similarly, reducing night eating might be promising in improving sleep quality and reducing LOC eating in adolescents.Public SignificanceThis study explored the bidirectional relationship between night eating, LOC eating, and sleep quality in Chinese adolescents using cross‐lagged models. Findings indicate bidirectional relationships between these variables and highlight the potential utility in incorporating sleep, LOC eating, and night eating interventions in eating pathology prevention designs for adolescents.
Monosaccharide profiling of glycoproteins by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Tomnikova Alice , Kozlík Petr , Křížek Tomáš 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSaccharides form one of the major constituents of biological macromolecules in living organisms. Many biological processes including protein folding, stability, immune response and receptor activation are regulated by glycosylation. In this work, we optimized a capillary electrophoresis method with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the separation of eight monosaccharides commonly found in glycoproteins, namely D‐glucose, D‐galactose, D‐mannose, N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine, D‐fucose, N‐acetylneuraminic acid, and D‐xylose. A highly alkaline solution of 50 mM sodium hydroxide, 22.5 mM disodium phosphate, and 0.2 mM CTAB (pH 12.4) was used as a background electrolyte in a 10 µm id capillary. To achieve baseline separation of all analytes, a counter‐directional pressure of –270 kPa was applied during the separation. The limits of detection of our method were below 7 µg/ml (i.e., 1.5 pg or 1 mg/g protein) and the limits of quantification were below 22 µg/ml (i.e., 5 pg or 3 mg/g protein). As a proof of concept of our methodology, we performed an analysis of monosaccharides released from fetuin glycoprotein by acid hydrolysis. The results show that, when combined with an appropriate pre‐concentration technique, the developed method can be used as a monosaccharide profiling tool in glycoproteomics and complement the routinely used LC‐MS/MS analysis.
Sediment supply control on morphodynamic processes in gravel‐bed river widenings
Authors: Rachelly Cristina , Vetsch David F. , Boes Robert M. , Weitbrecht Volker 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReach‐scale widening of channelized rivers can locally reactivate morphodynamic processes and increase habitat heterogeneity. Following process‐based restoration principles, construction efforts are often limited to bank protection removal and local bank erosion initiation. Despite significant advances in our understanding of fluvial processes, the influence of sediment supply on widening morphodynamics is still inadequately understood. Using mobile‐bed laboratory experiments, we studied the morphological development of river widenings in channelized subalpine gravel‐bed rivers in response to different sediment supply levels. The initial setup included a channel with a longitudinal slope of around 1% and a floodplain on one side, which was 25 channel widths long and three wide. After removing the fixed bank, the floodplain was available for erosion and channel shifting. Seven experimental series with sequences of steady bed‐forming discharge and unsteady larger floods were conducted. Sediment was supplied at rates of 20%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the initial channel's transport capacity. The laboratory experiments were combined with two‐dimensional hydrodynamic numerical simulations to closely track both the morphological development and the resulting flow conditions. Sediment supply was found to be a critical driver of morphodynamic activity in river widenings, with sediment supply rates close to channel transport capacity promoting active channel widening, sediment relocation, and lateral channel‐floodplain connectivity. In contrast, low sediment supply maintained a stable, single‐thread channel disconnected from its floodplain. Further, our results indicate that an increase in sediment supply or structural measures triggering local flow deflection can reactivate morphodynamic processes in previously sediment‐starved reaches after a transition period of several years to decades. Our results highlight the fundamental importance of sediment transport in reach‐scale river restoration.
Reliability‐based offloading strategy for deadline‐constrained taskflows in vehicular edge computing environments
Authors: Li Bo , Li Kun , Jin Shicheng , Qian Rongrong , Ding Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVehicular edge computing (VEC) offers a new paradigm for improving vehicular services and enhancing vehicle capabilities. In the VEC environments, vehicles can offload tasks to edge servers deployed in roadside units or other vehicles via wireless networks to enhance their computation capability. However, the high mobility of vehicles will lead to constant change of the network topology among resources, which will affect the completion time and the reliability of offloaded tasks. Therefore, we proposes a reliability‐based offloading strategy by considering task attributes, resource state, completion time, and reliability to map task flows to resources that can satisfy the time constraints with high reliability. The experimental results show that, compared with existing typical algorithms, the proposed strategy not only reduces the average completion time of tasks, but also ensures the reliability of tasks.
Muscarinic and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor blockade reveal differences in hippocampal local field potentials in mice with low cholinergic tone
Authors: Leung L. Stan , Moallem Shahin , Prado Marco A. M. , Prado Vania F. , Chu Liangwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe hypothesize that hippocampal local field potentials in acetylcholine (ACh)‐deficient mutant mice, compared to wild‐type (WT) mice, will show lower sensitivity to muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine (5 mg/kg i.p.) but higher sensitivity to NMDA receptor antagonist 3‐(2‐carboxypiperazin‐4‐yl)propyl‐1‐phosphonic acid (CPP, 10 mg/kg i.p.). Recordings were made during walk and awake‐immobility (IMM) in WT mice, and in mice with forebrain knockout (KO) of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) gene, or heterozygous knockdown of VAChT gene (KD). Scopolamine or CPP did not significantly alter walk theta frequency, which was higher in KD than WT/KO mice. Scopolamine decreased theta power peak rise during walk in WT/KD mice but not in KO mice, while CPP suppressed theta peak rise more in WT/KO mice than KD mice. During IMM, scopolamine decreased gamma1 (γ1, 30–58 Hz) power more in KD/WT mice than KO mice, while delta (1–4 Hz) power and delta‐gamma cross‐frequency coherence (CFC) were increased in all mouse groups during IMM or walk. During walk, scopolamine increased delta and beta (13–30 Hz) power and decreased gamma2 (γ2, 62–100 Hz) power and theta‐γ2 CFC more in WT/KD than KO mice. Theta‐γ2, but not theta‐γ1, CFC increased with theta‐peak‐frequency in WT/KD mice, and was suppressed by scopolamine at high theta (8–10 Hz) frequency; theta‐γ2 CFC in KO mice was not significantly altered by scopolamine. CPP decreased beta and gamma power more in KD/KO mice compared to WT mice, while delta power and delta‐gamma CFC were increased in all mouse groups. ACh deficiency exacerbates the attenuation of beta and gamma power by CPP. We conclude that both muscarinic and NMDA transmission contribute toward hippocampal theta, beta, and gamma power, and a decrease in gamma power or theta‐gamma CFC may be associated with loss of arousal and cognitive functions.