bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of Educational Reintegration and the Psychosocial Wellbeing of Returnee Children: Evidence from Latvia
Authors: Grosa Daina , King Russell 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhen emigrant families return-migrate to their homeland, what happens to their school-age children? What challenges do these children face when they switch to a different school system and language? This paper addresses these questions in the context of family return migration to Latvia, based on 40 in-depth interviews with children, their parents and key informants — teachers, school support staff and return-migration coordinators. We find that imaginings of a smooth reintegration into a parental homeland of extended family and friends may not be realised; instead, many children, particularly those of secondary and upper primary-school age, experience the move as a rupture in their lives. School may be fraught with unrealistic expectations on all sides, not helped by poor communication between parents, teachers and support staff. The lack of fluency in the Latvian language is seen by teachers as an obstacle, rather than something to be accepted and worked with. Most teachers are unfamiliar with children from different backgrounds and origins and need training in diversity, tolerance and differentiated learning. This will become increasingly necessary in a country like Latvia, with its ongoing high rates of international migration and return. Our findings show that the educational system and children’s experiences of schooling play a crucial role in returnee families’ overall reintegration. This raises the importance of return preparedness for the children, including language preparation and awareness of pedagogical and curriculum differences.
Ecohydrology 2.0
Authors: Rinaldo Andrea , Rodriguez-Iturbe Ignacio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at a definition of the domain of ecohydrology, a relatively new discipline borne out of an intrusion—as advertised by this Topical Collection of the Rendiconti Lincei—of hydrology and geomorphology into ecology (or vice-versa, depending on the reader’s background). The study of hydrologic controls on the biota proves, in our view, significantly broader than envisioned by its original focus that was centered on the critical zone where much of the action of soil, climate and vegetation interactions takes place. In this review of related topics and contributions, we propose a reasoned broadening of perspective, in particular by firmly centering ecohydrology on the fluvial catchment as its fundamental control volume. A substantial unity of materials and methods suggests that our advocacy may be considered legitimate.
Perspectives on strengthening local food systems in Small Island Developing States
Authors: Guell Cornelia , Brown Catherine R. , Navunicagi Otto W. , Iese Viliamu , Badrie Neela , Wairiu Morgan , Saint Ville Arlette , Unwin Nigel ,   the Community Food and Health (CFaH) team, Kiran Sashi , Samuels T. Alafia , Hambleton Ian , Tukuitonga Colin , Donato-Hunt Connie , Kroll Florian , Nugent Rachel , Forouhi Nita G. , Benjamin-Neelon Sara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmall Island Developing States (SIDS) share high burdens of nutrition-related conditions, including non-communicable diseases, associated with an increasing reliance on imported, processed foods. Improving health through increasing the production and consumption of local, nutritious foods is a policy objective of many SIDS governments. This study aimed to understand contemporary challenges and opportunities to strengthening local food systems in two case study settings, Fiji and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Fifty-two in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key stakeholders involved in local food production. Interviews were analysed by both country teams using thematic analysis. Local food production networks in both settings included formal governance bodies as well as more informal connections through civil society and communities. Their main function was the sharing of resources and knowledge, but levels of trust and cooperation between the stakeholders varied in a market open to intense competition from imports. Local food production was hindered by few and slow investments by local governments, dated technology, and lack of knowledge. Stakeholders believed this marginalisation was occurring against a background of rising preferences for imported foods in the population, and increasing disinterest in employment in the sector. Despite the challenges, strong narratives of resilience and opportunity were highlighted such as national pride in local produce for commercialisation and local diets. Efforts to support local food production in SIDS should focus on strengthening governance structures to prioritise local produce over corporate and import markets, assist collaboration and co-learning, and support alternative agro-food practices.
Life Satisfaction among the Poorest of the Poor: A Study in Urban Slum Communities in India
Authors: Sulkers Esther , Loos Jasmijn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the level and predictors of life satisfaction in people living in slums in Kolkata, India. Participants of six slum settlements (n = 164; 91% female) were interviewed and data on age, gender, poverty indicators and life satisfaction were collected. The results showed that the level of global life satisfaction in this sample of slum residents did not significantly differ from that of a representative sample of another large Indian city. In terms of life-domain satisfaction, the slum residents were most satisfied with their social relationships and least satisfied with their financial situation. Global life satisfaction was predicted by age, income and non-monetary poverty indicators (deprivation in terms of health, education and living standards) (R2 15.4%). The current study supports previous findings showing that people living in slums tend to report higher levels of life satisfaction than one might expect given the deprivation of objective circumstances of their lives. Furthermore, the results suggest that factors other than objective poverty make life more, or less, satisfying. The findings are discussed in terms of theory about psychological adaptation to poverty.
COVID-19 vaccine-induced lymphadenopathies: incidence, course and imaging features from an ultrasound prospective study
Authors: Romeo Valeria , Stanzione Arnaldo , D’Auria Divina , Fulgione Ludovica , Giusto Fabio , Maurea Simone , Brunetti Arturo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aims
lymphadenopathy can occur after COVID-19 vaccination and when encountered at ultrasound examinations performed for other reasons might pose a diagnostic challenge. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the incidence, course and ultrasound imaging features of vaccine-induced lymphadenopathy.

Methods
89 healthy volunteers (median age 30, 76 females) were prospectively enrolled. Vaccine-related clinical side effects (e.g., fever, fatigue, palpable or painful lymphadenopathy) were recorded. Participants underwent bilateral axillary, supraclavicular and cervical lymph node stations ultrasound 1–4 weeks after the second dose and then again after 4–12 weeks in those who showed lymphadenopathy at the first ultrasound. B-mode, color-Doppler assessment, and shear-wave elastography (SWE) evaluation were performed. The correlation between lymphadenopathy and vaccine-related side effects was assessed using the Fisher’s exact test.

Results
Post-vaccine lymphadenopathy were found in 69/89 (78%) participants (37 single and 32 multiple lymphadenopathy). Among them, 60 presented vaccine-related side effects, but no statistically significant difference was observed between post-vaccine side effect and lymphadenopathy. Ultrasound features of vaccine-related lymphadenopathy consisted of absence of fatty hilum, round shape and diffuse or asymmetric cortical thickness (median cortical thickness of 5 mm). Vascular signal was mainly found to be increased, localized in both central and peripheral regions. SWE showed a soft cortical consistence in all cases (median value 11 Kpa). At follow-up, lymph-node morphology was completely restored in most cases (54/69, 78%) and in no case lymphadenopathy had worsened.

Conclusion
A high incidence of vaccine-induced lymphadenopathy was found in a population of healthy subjects, with nearly complete regression within 4–12 weeks.
Assessing cloud manufacturing applications using an optimally rectified FAHP approach
Authors: Chen Tin-Chih Toly , Lin Chi-Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCloud Manufacturing (CMfg) is a new manufacturing paradigm that promises to reduce costs, improve data analysis, increase efficiency and flexibility, and provide manufacturers with closer partnerships. However, most past CMfg research has focused on either the information technology infrastructure or the planning and scheduling of a hypothetical CMfg system. In addition, the cost effectiveness of a CMfg application has rarely been assessed. As a result, a manufacturer is not sure whether to adopt a CMfg application or not. To address this issue, an optimally rectified fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (OR-FAHP) approach is proposed in this study to assess a CMfg application. The OR-FAHP approach solves the inconsistency problem of the conventional FAHP method, a well-known technology assessment technique, to make the analysis results more trustable. The OR-FAHP approach has been applied to assess and compare 10 CMfg applications.
Star topology convolution for graph representation learning
Authors: Wu Chong , Feng Zhenan , Zheng Jiangbin , Zhang Houwang , Cao Jiawang , Yan Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a novel graph convolutional method called star topology convolution (STC). This method makes graph convolution more similar to conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in Euclidean feature spaces. STC learns subgraphs which have a star topology rather than learning a fixed graph like most spectral methods. Due to the properties of a star topology, STC is graph-scale free (without a fixed graph size constraint). It has fewer parameters in its convolutional filter and is inductive, so it is more flexible and can be applied to large and evolving graphs. The convolutional filter is learnable and localized, similar to CNNs in Euclidean feature spaces, and can share weights across graphs. To test the method, STC was compared with the state-of-the-art graph convolutional methods in a supervised learning setting on nine node properties prediction benchmark datasets: Cora, Citeseer, Pubmed, PPI, Arxiv, MAG, ACM, DBLP, and IMDB. The experimental results showed that STC achieved the state-of-the-art performance on all these datasets and maintained good robustness. In an essential protein identification task, STC outperformed the state-of-the-art essential protein identification methods. An application of using pretrained STC as the embedding for feature extraction of some downstream classification tasks was introduced. The experimental results showed that STC can share weights across different graphs and be used as the embedding to improve the performance of downstream tasks.
Ensemble clustering of longitudinal bivariate HIV biomarker profiles to group patients by patterns of disease progression
Authors: Lynch Miranda L. , DeGruttola Victor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper describes an ensemble cluster analysis of bivariate profiles of HIV biomarkers, viral load and CD4 cell counts, which jointly measure disease progression. Data are from a prevalent cohort of HIV positive participants in a clinical trial of vitamin supplementation in Botswana. These individuals were HIV positive upon enrollment, but with unknown times of infection. To categorize groups of participants based on their patterns of progression of HIV infection using both biomarkers, we combine univariate shape-based cluster results for multiple biomarkers through the use of ensemble clustering methods. We first describe univariate clustering for each of the individual biomarker profiles, and make use of shape-respecting distances for clustering the longitudinal profile data. In our data, profiles are subject to either missing or irregular measurements as well as unobserved initiation times of the process of interest. Shape-respecting distances that can handle such data issues, preserve time-ordering, and identify similar profile shapes are useful in identifying patterns of disease progression from longitudinal biomarker data. However, their performance with regard to clustering differs by severity of the data issues mentioned above. We provide an empirical investigation of shape-respecting distances (Fréchet and dynamic time warping (DTW)) on benchmark shape data, and use DTW in cluster analysis of biomarker profile observations. These reveal a primary group of ‘typical progressors,’ as well as a smaller group that shows relatively rapid progression. We then refine the analysis using ensemble clustering for both markers to obtain a single classification. The information from joint evaluation of the two biomarkers combined with ensemble clustering reveals subgroups of patients not identifiable through univariate analyses; noteworthy subgroups are those that appear to represent recently and chronically infected subsets.
Associations between quality of care in informal provider networks and nursing home admissions in Germany: results of a retrospective cohort study using German health claims data
Authors: Domhoff Dominik , Seibert Kathrin , Stiefler Susanne , Wolf-Ostermann Karin , Peschke Dirk 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
High-quality outpatient medical care can prevent care-dependent people from having to move to a nursing home. Quality of care is determined by the behaviour and cooperation of providers, which, when sharing patient collectives, can be understood as functionally defined informal provider networks (PN). There is still a lack of knowledge about the relationship between the quality of care in the interaction among service providers as a structural characteristic of a PN and nursing home admissions (NHA). We therefore examined associations between treatment quality, compositional characteristics, such as the number of general practicioners in the PN and NHA.

Methods
German statutory health insurance claims data from 2006 to 2016 was used in a retrospective cohort study. The observation cohort comprised community-dwelling people ≥ 65 years of age who initially became care-dependent in 2006 (n = 117,942). PN were constructed using the Speaker-Listener Label Propagation Algorithm. The quality of care provided by such networks was assessed by further including all people ≥ 65 years of age who were cared for by service providers of the observation cohort. Quality of care in the PN was measured using 67 quality indicators (QI). Event-time series analyses in three proportional hazard models, taking into account random effects, determined the association of treatment quality characteristics and compositional characteristics of the PN with NHA.

Results
35,540 admissions occurred in 406 PN. The majority of QI and individual predictors show significant associations with NHA, as well as a few compositional characteristics of the PN. Out of 67 QI, 37 were significant in two of three models, 19 of which were associated with a lower risk and 18 with an increased risk for NHA.

Conclusions
Associations between quality characteristics of the PN and the risk of NHA constitute a relevant influence as they remain significant when controlled for individual predictors. Most compositional characteristics had no influence on NHA. Aspects of treatment quality thus do play a role in determining how long care-dependent people continue to live at home after onset of care-dependency. The results contribute to revealing informal relationships between service providers that constitute a special characteristic of the German health care system and to the identification of starting points for further education in high quality treatment of selected populations and in formalizing care collaborations by joining voluntary PN. Further, sensitising service providers to the evaluation of care processes and to reflecting on the relevance of their role in PN can improve quality development and outcomes.
Social network development in classrooms
Authors: Wolf Steven F. , Sault Timothy M. , Suda Tyme , Traxler Adrienne L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGroup work is often a critical component of how we ask students to interact while learning in active and interactive environments. A common-sense extension of this feature is the inclusion of group assessments. Moreover, one of the key scientific practices is the development of collaborative working relationships. As instructors, we should be cognizant of our classes’ development in the social crucible of our classroom, along with their development of cognitive and/or problem solving skills. We analyze group exam network data from a two-class introductory physics sequence. In each class, on each of four exams, students took an individual version of the exam and then reworked the exam with classmates. Students recorded their collaborators, and these reports are used to build directed networks. We compare global network measures and node centrality distributions between exams in each semester and contrast these trends between semesters. The networks are partitioned using positional analysis, which blocks nodes by similarities in linking behavior, and by edge betweenness community detection, which groups densely connected nodes. By calculating the block structure for each exam and mapping over time, it is possible to see a stabilizing social structure in the two-class sequence. Comparing global and node-level measures suggests that the period from the first to second exam disrupts network structure, even when the blocks are relatively stable.
Modelling the interaction of the Astro Bio Cube Sat with the Van Allen’s Belt radiative field using Monte Carlo transport codes
Authors: Burgio N. , Cretara L. , Corcione M. , Frullini M. , Iannascoli L. , Nascetti A. , Santagata A. , Palmerini G. , Quintino A. , Brucato J. R. , Meneghin A. , Paglialunga D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The AstroBio Cube Satellite (ABCS) will deploy within the inner Van Allen belt on the Vega C Maiden Flight launch opportunity of the European Space Agency. At this altitude, ABCS will experience radiation doses orders of magnitude greater than in low earth orbit, where CubeSats usually operate. The paper aims to estimate the irradiation effect on the ABCS payload in the orbital condition, their possible mitigation designing shielding solutions and performs a preliminary representativity simulation study on the ABCS irradiation with fission neutron at the TAPIRO (TAratura Pila Rapida Potenza 0) nuclear research reactor facility at ENEA.

Methods
We quantify the contributions of geomagnetically trapped particles (electron and proton), Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR ions), Solar energetic particle within the ABCS orbit using the ESA’s SPace ENVironment information system. FLUKA (Fluktuierende Kaskade—Fluctuating Cascade) code models the ABCS interaction with the orbital source.

Results
We found a shielding solution of the weight of 300 g constituted by subsequent layers of tungsten, resins, and aluminium that decreases on average the 20% overall dose rate relative to the shielding offered by the only satellite’s structure. Finally, simulations of neutron irradiation of the whole ABCS structure within the TAPIRO’s thermal column cavity show that a relatively short irradiation time is requested to reach the same level of 1 MeV neutron Silicon equivalent damage of the orbital source.

Conclusions
The finding deserves the planning of a future experimental approach to confirm the TAPIRO’s performance and establish an irradiation protocol for testing aerospatial electronic components.
Factors affecting online shopping frequency: lessons from New Zealand
Authors: Ma Wanglin , Gan Christopher , Vatsa Puneet , Yang Wei , Zheng Hongyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the number of people shopping online has increased worldwide, and New Zealand is no exception. To date, little is known about the online shopping behaviours of New Zealanders in a pandemic environment. This paper provides the first attempt by exploring the factors affecting online shopping frequency in New Zealand, a country widely regarded as a paragon of excellence for containing the COVID-19 pandemic. A Poisson regression model is utilized to analyze data collected through an online survey between July and November 2020. The empirical results show that people's online shopping frequency is positively affected by payment convenience, competitive pricing, living in the city, and the number of children. The perceived effectiveness of the government's action in combating COVID-19, having poor past online shopping experiences, and being married reduce online shopping frequency.
Intestinal Microbiota in Sepsis
Authors: Sun Tongwen , Wang Lexin , Zhang Haibo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction, which is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The composition of the intestinal microbiota is significantly different between patients with sepsis and healthy individuals. Intestinal microbial imbalance plays an important role in the occurrence and development of sepsis. Our review mainly introduces the mechanism of intestinal microbiota involvement in sepsis, the effects of microbiota dysbiosis on the damage of multiple organs and concisely discusses the prospects for microbe-specific treatment of sepsis in the future.
Extracting hierarchical features of cultural variation using network-based clustering
Authors: Liu Xiran , Rosenberg Noah A. , Greenbaum Gili 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
High-dimensional datasets on cultural characters contribute to uncovering insights about factors that influence cultural evolution. Because cultural variation in part reflects descent processes with a hierarchical structure – including the descent of populations and vertical transmission of cultural traits – methods designed for hierarchically structured data have potential to find applications in the analysis of cultural variation. We adapt a network-based hierarchical clustering method for use in analysing cultural variation. Given a set of entities, the method constructs a similarity network, hierarchically depicting community structure among them. We illustrate the approach using four datasets: pronunciation variation in the US mid-Atlantic region, folklore variation in worldwide cultures, phonemic variation across worldwide languages and temporal variation in first names in the US. In these examples, the method provides insights into processes that affect cultural variation, uncovering geographic and other influences on observed patterns and cultural characters that make important contributions to them.
THE BIRTH AND LIFE OF THE DEFINITION OF MILITARY OBJECTIVES
Authors: Benvenisti Eyal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe forgotten story of the birth and life of the definition of ‘military objectives’ is relevant to the ongoing discussion about the need to adapt the law to asymmetric warfare. This definition, authored by a West German law professor and former member of the Nazi party, was driven by a Western effort to privilege regular armies while curbing the actions of guerrilla fighters and exposing their civilian supporters to harm. The Non-Aligned Movement turned the tide by burdening regular armies while exempting irregular combatants from the consequences of disregarding the law. It was only through judicial intervention—grounded in an imagined history of the linear progress of humanity—that civilians on both sides of asymmetric conflicts would ultimately become entitled to receive adequate protection.