bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐operative Outcomes in Pediatric Patients Following Facial Reconstruction With Fibula Free Flaps
Authors: Slijepcevic Allison A. , Wax Mark K. , Hanasono Matthew , Ducic Yadranko , Petrisor Daniel , Thomas Carissa M. , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Kakarala Kiran , Pipkorn Patrik , Puram Sidharth V. , Rich Jason , Rezaee Rod , Pittman Amy , Troob Scott ,   Head and Neck Reconstruction Group
Published: June 2022

Educational ObjectiveAssess outcomes of pediatric facial reconstruction with fibula free flaps.ObjectivesFree flap reconstruction of complex maxillofacial defects in pediatric patients is rare. Post‐operative complications, donor site morbidity, impact on craniofacial growth, and oro‐dental rehabilitation are unknown. Our study assesses the outcomes of pediatric maxillofacial reconstruction with composite fibula free flaps.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsMulti‐institutional retrospective chart review from 2000 to 2020 on pediatric patients undergoing maxillomandibular reconstruction with fibula free flaps.ResultsEighty‐seven patients underwent 89 surgeries; 5 maxillary and 84 mandibular defects. Median age: 12 years. Defects were acquired following resection of sarcoma/carcinoma 44% or benign tumors 50%. 73% of cases had immediate free flap reconstruction. Closing osteotomies were reported in 74%; 1 in 40%, 2 in 27%, and more than 2 in 6.7%. Hardware was used in 98% and removed in 25%. 9.2% demonstrated long‐term hardware exposure, greater than 3 months following reconstruction. Short‐term complications: wound infection 6.7%, flap salvage/failure 2.2%, fistula 1.1%, and compromised craniofacial growth: 23%. Two patients developed trismus. Long‐term fibula donor site complications: hypertrophic scarring: 3.4%, dysesthesia: 1.1%, and long‐term gait abnormality: 1.1%. Dental rehabilitation was performed in 33%. Post‐operative speech outcomes showed 94% with fully intelligible speech.ConclusionPediatric maxillary and mandible defects repaired with fibula free flaps demonstrated complication rates comparable to the adult free flap population. Long‐term follow‐up did not demonstrate adverse outcomes for craniofacial growth. Hardware for flap retention was utilized and remained in place with minimal exposure. Post‐operative gait abnormality is rare.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:302–306, 2023
Anxiety, Depression, and Symptom Severity in Patients with Pulsatile and Non‐Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Williams Allison P. , Gourishetti Saikrishna C. , Flaherty Marissa A. , Eisenman David J. 
Published: June 2022

Objective(s)To compare the rates of anxiety and depression between patients with pulsatile (PT) and non‐pulsatile tinnitus (NPT), and their correlation with tinnitus severity.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study of consecutive patients presenting either to the otolaryngology clinic for pulsatile (PT) and NPT or to a tertiary care tinnitus habituation program (THP) were administered the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI), 7‐item general anxiety disorder scale (GAD‐7), and 9‐item patient health questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Median scores between groups and correlation of scores within groups were calculated and compared.ResultsMedian THI scores were significantly higher for THP and PT patients as compared with unselected NPT patients (58 and 44 vs. 20, p ≤ 0.001). Median GAD‐7 (10 vs. 2.5 and 2, p ≤ 0.001) and PHQ‐9 (7 vs. 4 and 4, p = 0.04) scores were highest in THP patients compared with PT and NPT. The strongest correlation between tinnitus handicap and psychiatric measures was seen in THP patients.ConclusionTHP patients report higher levels of anxiety and depression compared with PT and other NPT patients. Tinnitus severity correlates more strongly with GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 scores in THP patients compared with other patient groups. PT patients have a greater self‐perceived tinnitus handicap than the general cohort of NPT patients, statistically comparable to THP patients. Despite this, anxiety and depression are not more severe in patients with PT as they are in THP patients.Level of Evidence2B Laryngoscope, 133:683–688, 2023
Plantation type and afforestation age disclose variable influences on soil microbial compositions in man‐made forests in the Xiong'an New Area, China
Authors: Wang Min , Masoudi Abolfazl , Wang Can , Yang Jia , Zhai Yuepeng , Wu Changhao , Yu Zhijun , Liu Jingze 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile afforestation helps mitigate climate concerns, the impact of plantation type and afforestation age on soil microbial compositions in afforested areas remains unclear. The current study utilized high‐throughput deep sequencing to investigate the effect of afforestation ages (3 months, 1 year and 6 months, and 15 years) and two different tree species (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Sophora japonica L.) on soil microbiomes and edaphic conditions in afforested plots in the Xiong'an New Area, where soil experienced considerable disturbance by human activities during land preparation. Partial least squares path modelling showed that the afforestation age negatively influenced edaphic conditions. The results of fungal and bacterial biomass showed that bacterial lineages were replaced by fungal lineages as the afforestation age increased. Values of different soil particle sizes were impacted by increased stand ages. PERMANOVA results indicated that the plantation type could significantly explain 35.91% (p = 0.0065) and 23.84% (p = 0.009) of the bacterial and fungal β‐diversity variations, respectively. In contrast, the afforestation age could explain 35.46% (p = 0.017) of the fungal β‐diversity variation significantly. Additionally, our data showed that the co‐occurrence network for P. tabulaeformis plots was more complex than that for S. japonica plots, and network complexity increased with the afforestation age. The above results indicated that plantation type and afforestation age disclose variable influence on soil microbial compositions in man‐made forests in the Xiong'an New Area, China, which provide a basis for subsequent broader framework afforestation programs.
Rheological and tribological evaluation of friction modifiers for wheel‐rail applications
Authors: Leiva‐Mateus Jairo Eduardo , Santa‐Marín Juan Felipe , Buitrago‐Sierra Robison , Mesa Grajales Dairo Hernán , Geffroy E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFriction modifiers (FM's) are substances deliberately applied to the top‐of‐the‐rail in the field in order to control the traction coefficient. In this work, two FM's, a commercial (FM1) and a custom‐made (FM2), and a gauge lubricant (CGL) were evaluated in the laboratory using rheological and tribological tests. Two rheological tests were done: oscillatory (frequency and strain sweeps) and flow tests (viscosity vs. shear rate). Tribological tests were done in a twin disk machine to obtain the traction coefficient under different slip values. Retentivity tests were also done in the same machine. Several physical–chemical tests were also done to characterise the products. The results of rheological tests showed that there are notable differences that can influence the performance of FMs. From the studied materials, the FM2 product tends to be more viscous even for high‐shear rates. The tribological tests showed that the traction coefficient is different for all the studied materials and changes from 0.15 to 0.45 depending on the creepage. The retentivity of FM2 is 1.9 times higher than FM1. The results show a good correlation between the rheological behaviour and the coefficient of traction and retentivity.
In situ normothermic regional perfusion versus ex situ normothermic machine perfusion in liver transplantation from donation after circulatory death
Authors: Mohkam Kayvan , Nasralla David , Mergental Hynek , Muller Xavier , Butler Andrew , Jassem Wayel , Imber Charles , Monbaliu Diethard , Perera M. Thamara P. R. , Laing Richard W. , García‐Valdecasas Juan Carlos , Paul Andreas , Dondero Federica , Cauchy François , Savier Eric , Scatton Olivier , Robin Fabien , Sulpice Laurent , Bucur Petru , Salamé Ephrem , Pittau Gabriella , Allard Marc‐Antoine , Pradat Pierre , Rossignol Guillaume , Mabrut Jean‐Yves , Ploeg Rutger J. , Friend Peter J. , Mirza Darius F. , Lesurtel Mickaël ,   Consortium for Organ Preservation in Europe (COPE)
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In situ normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) and ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) aim to improve the outcomes of liver transplantation (LT) using controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD). NRP and NMP have not yet been compared directly. In this international observational study, outcomes of LT performed between 2015 and 2019 for organs procured from cDCD donors subjected to NRP or NMP commenced at the donor center were compared using propensity score matching (PSM). Of the 224 cDCD donations in the NRP cohort that proceeded to asystole, 193 livers were procured, resulting in 157 transplants. In the NMP cohort, perfusion was commenced in all 40 cases and resulted in 34 transplants (use rates: 70% vs. 85% [p = 0.052], respectively). After PSM, 34 NMP liver recipients were matched with 68 NRP liver recipients. The two cohorts were similar for donor functional warm ischemia time (21 min after NRP vs. 20 min after NMP; p = 0.17), UK–Donation After Circulatory Death risk score (5 vs. 5 points; p = 0.38), and laboratory Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease scores (12 vs. 12 points; p = 0.83). The incidence of nonanastomotic biliary strictures (1.5% vs. 2.9%; p > 0.99), early allograft dysfunction (20.6% vs. 8.8%; p = 0.13), and 30‐day graft loss (4.4% vs. 8.8%; p = 0.40) were similar, although peak posttransplant aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher in the NRP cohort (872 vs. 344 IU/L; p < 0.001). NRP livers were more frequently allocated to recipients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; 60.3% vs. 20.6%; p < 0.001). HCC‐censored 2‐year graft and patient survival rates were 91.5% versus 88.2% (p = 0.52) and 97.9% versus 94.1% (p = 0.25) after NRP and NMP, respectively. Both perfusion techniques achieved similar outcomes and appeared to match benchmarks expected for donation after brain death livers. This study may inform the design of a definitive trial.
Getting the Terms Right: Green, Sustainable, or Circular Chemistry?
Authors: Mutlu Hatice , Barner Leonie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGreen chemistry, sustainable chemistry, and circular chemistry are important concepts for the modern lifestyle, current research directions, and worldwide industries. These three concepts are closely related and interconnected but cannot be used synonymously. In addition, they are addressing two different economic models, i.e., linear economy and circular economy. The current contribution focuses on the importance of these decisive chemistries for the development of a sustainable future and their role in the realm of circular economy and the planetary boundaries framework—especially for the planetary boundary of “novel entities.” Researchers active in the field of polymer chemistry play an important role as plastic pollution and resource in addition to environmental depletion, caused by the still increasing production of polymers and plastics, become more and more pronounced. It is also reported that multi‐ and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to develop solutions for a sustainable future.
Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Mary Celin Senthil , Sharma Bhumika , Bhanot Pallvi , Kalsi Anchita , Sahai Sandeep , Tanwar Rajesh Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnvironmental contamination by explosives occurs due to improper handling and disposal procedures. Explosives and their transformation products pose threat to human health and the ecosystem. Trace level detection of explosives present in different environmental matrices is a challenge, due to the interference caused by matrix components and the presence of cocontaminants. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is an advanced analytical tool, which is ideal for quantitative and qualitative detection of explosives and its metabolites at trace levels. This review aims to showcase the current trends in the application of LC‐MS/MS for detecting explosives present in soil, sediment, and groundwater with detection limits ranging from nano to femtogram levels. Specificity and advantages of using LC‐MS/MS over conventional analytical methods and various processing methods and techniques used for sample preparation are discussed in this article. Important application aspects of LC‐MS/MS on environmental monitoring include site characterization and degradation evaluation. Studies on qualitative and quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis in determining the efficiency of treatment processes and contamination mapping, optimized conditions of LC and MS/MS adopted, role of different ionization techniques and mass analyzers in detection of explosives and its metabolites, relative abundance of various product ions formed on dissociation and the levels of detection achieved are reviewed. Ionization suppression, matrix effect, additive selection are some of the major factors which influence MS/MS detection. A summary of challenges and future research insights for effective utilization of this technique in the environmental monitoring of explosives are presented.
Evaluation of properties and performance of poly(ether sulfone ketone) membranes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Oroujzadeh Maryam , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo series of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ketone)s have been synthesized. The effect of different ratios of sulfone: ketone functional groups on the properties and performance of membranes is studied. The density, ion‐exchange capacity, water absorption, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, thermal and oxidative stability of membranes are determined. The results showed that membranes with higher contents of sulfone functional groups show lower density and consequently higher water absorption and swelling ratio values. A precise evaluation of the effect of different sulfone: ketone functional group ratios on the analytical acid concentration and the effective proton mobility and their relationship with water absorption have been performed. The proton conductivity values are between 71–78 mS.cm−1 at 30°C and 117–208 mS.cm−1 at 80°C. The effective proton mobilities at 80°C are in the range of 10.27 × 10 −4 to 16.68 × 10 −4 cm2.V−1.s−1. The highest current density for prepared membranes in H2/O2 single cell at 100% relative humidity and 80°C is 1900 mA.cm−2.
Role effect on beauty premium: Female as proposer may gain more fairness
Authors: Ma Qingguo , Cheng Lu , Qiu Wenwei , Pei Guanxiong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBeauty premium permeates every aspect of life. However, whether females' roles, as proposers or as recipients/responders, have an influence on the marginal effect of beauty remains unclear and was explored in the current study. Dictator game and ultimate game were employed to investigate the effect of females' roles on beauty premium from males. Participants played against female recipients and proposers in Study 1. Linear regression models of social preferences with respect to female attractiveness showed a strongly positive marginal effect of beauty, and the effect was significantly higher when participants played against female recipients than female proposers. Study 2 with ultimate games only was conducted for further testing the effect of strategic behavior on beauty premium. A probabilistic method was established to handle issues on comparison between participants' behaviors as proposers and as recipients/responders. The results of these studies suggest that there are significant money forgone differences between females as proposers and as recipients/responders financially regardless of the strategy‐or‐not decision difference. All the findings indicate that the beauty premium varies with female roles.
PTEN‐PI3K pathway alterations in advanced prostate cancer and clinical implications
Authors: Choudhury Atish D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite significant advances in molecular characterization and therapeutic targeting of advanced prostate cancer, it remains the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase)/AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway is commonly altered in prostate cancer, most frequently through loss of the PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) tumor suppressor, and is critical for cancer cell proliferation, migration, and survival.MethodsThis study summarizes signaling through the PTEN/PI3K pathway, alterations in pathway components commonly seen in advanced prostate cancer, and results of clinical trials of pathway inhibitors reported to date with a focus on more recently reported studies. It also reviews rationale for combination approaches currently under study, including with taxanes, immune checkpoint inhibitors and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and discusses future directions in biomarker testing and therapeutic targeting of this pathway.ResultsClinical trials studying pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K, AKT or mTOR kinases have demonstrated modest activity of specific agents, with several trials of pathway inhibitors currently in progress. A key challenge is the importance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in noncancerous tissues, leading to predictable but often severe toxicities at therapeutic doses.ResultsFurther advances in selective pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in tumors, development of rational combinations, and appropriate biomarker selection to identify the appropriate tumor‐ and patient‐specific vulnerabilities will be required to optimize clinical benefit from therapeutic targeting of this pathway.
Lethal and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on the migratory moths Agrotis ipsilon and A. segetum: New perspectives for pest management strategies
Authors: Zhang Da‐Wei , Dai Chang‐Chun , Ali Abid , Liu Yong‐Qiang , Pan Ye , Desneux Nicolas , Lu Yan‐Hui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgrotis ipsilon and A. segetum are major migratory pests of many crops in China, and frequent regional outbreaks cause severe yield losses. Use of food attractants is one of the most promising control methods against adult lepidoptera, notably through the attract‐and‐kill strategy. Chlorantraniliprole's acute toxicity and sublethal effects on both moths were evaluated.RESULTSChlorantraniliprole showed high activity against both adults of both species, with LC20 and LC50 values of 0.08 and 0.21 mg L−1 (A. ipsilon), and 0.14 and 0.51 mg L−1 (A. segetum). The fecundity, effective oviposition rate, and egg hatching rate of both species in dual‐sex exposure treatments were all significantly reduced compared with the control, and the population growth coefficients in the LC50♀ × LC50♂ treatments were only 0.32% (A. ipsilon) and 3.35% (A. segetum) that of the control. Furthermore, the flight distance was significantly suppressed from 6.67 km (control) to 0.01 km (LC50) for A. ipsilon, and from 7.39 km (control) to 0.78 km (LC50) for A. segetum. The proportions of robust‐ and medium‐flight individuals of A. ipsilon and A. segetum in exposure treatments were greatly reduced.CONCLUSIONSLow lethal concentration exposures to chlorantraniliprole can drastically reduce the reproduction and flight performance of A. ipsilon and A. segetum, while inhibiting the production of offspring, suggesting chlorantraniliprole would be an excellent compound for use in combination with food attractants. Chlorantraniliprole has good potential for management of the two long‐range migratory pests tested using an attract‐and‐kill strategy. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predicting the habitat suitability of the invasive white mango scale,Aulacaspis tubercularis; Newstead, 1906 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) using bioclimatic variables
Authors: Azrag Abdelmutalab GA , Mohamed Samira A , Ndlela Shepard , Ekesi Sunday 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe white mango scale,Aulacaspis tubercularis(Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is an invasive pest that threatens the production of several crops of commercial value including mango. Though it is an important pest, little is known about its biology and ecology. Specifically, information on habitat suitability ofA. tubercularisoccurrence and potential distribution under climate change is largely unknown. In this study, we used four ecological niche models, namely maximum entropy, random forest, generalized additive models, and classification and regression trees to predict the habitat suitability ofA. tubercularisunder current and future [representative concentration pathways (RCPs): RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 of the year 2070] climatic scenarios, using bioclimatic variables. Models' performance was evaluated using the true skill statistic (TSS), the area under the curve (AUC), correlation (COR), and the deviance.RESULTSAll models sufficiently predicted the occurrence ofA. tuberculariswith high accuracy (AUC ≥ 0.93, TSS ≥ 0.81 and COR ≥ 0.77). The random forest algorithm had the highest accuracy among the four models (AUC = 0.99, TSS = 0.93, COR = 0.90, deviance = 0.26). Temperature seasonality (Bio4), mean temperature of the driest quarter (Bio9), and precipitation seasonality (Bio15) were the most important variables influencingA. tubercularisoccurrence. Models' predictions showed that countries in east, south, and west Africa are highly suitable forA. tubercularisestablishment under current conditions. Similarly, Mexico, Brazil, India, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia are also highly suitable for the pest to thrive. Under future conditions, the suitable areas might slightly decrease in many countries of sub‐Saharan Africa under both RCPs. However, the range of expansion ofA. tubercularisis projected to be higher in Australia, Brazil, Spain, Italy, and Portugal under the future climatic scenarios.CONCLUSIONThe results reported here will be useful for guiding decision‐making, developing an effective management strategy, and serving as an early warning tool to prevent further spread toward new areas. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
To leave or stay? Out‐migration of skilled migrants in Beijing, China
Authors: Hu Lei , Liu Yishuang , Sun Maohua , Lu Qiuhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe out‐migration decision of skilled migrants in first‐tier cities is receiving growing attention from researchers and policymakers in recent years. We conducted a survey on skilled people in Beijing who did not have a household registration (hukou). We employed a Probit model with selection to determine the individual socioeconomic characteristics compelling skilled migrants to remigrate from first‐tier cities to other regions. The analysis results show that the status of housing property ownership and accessibility to children's education are two key factors affecting out‐migration decisions. Accessibility to children's education is primarily limited by the institutional arrangements on hukou, and its pushing effect is marginally greater than that of the status of housing property ownership for out‐migrants leaving Beijing. Our results also indicate that skilled migrants with postgraduate degrees, higher occupation levels and/or better personal and family economic conditions are more likely to remain in Beijing, whereas the relationship between age and probability of out‐migration is inversely U‐shaped. In addition, people living together with family members are more likely to remain in Beijing.