bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to school and mask-wearing in class during the COVID-19 pandemic: Student perspectives from a school simulation study
Authors: Coelho Sophie G , Segovia Alicia , Anthony Samantha J , Lin Jia , Pol Sarah , Crosbie Jennifer , Science Michelle , Matava Clyde T , Parekh Rulan S , Caldeira-Kulbakas Monica , Carroll Stacie , Greenwood Jodi L , Panzera Giovanna , Imgrund Ryan , Osokin Konstantin , Korczak Daphne J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined children’s perspectives about returning to in-person school following lockdown due to the pandemic and about mask-wearing in class, as well as the mental health of children and parents during the pandemic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was part of a 2-day school simulation exercise that randomized students to different masking recommendations. Parent-report of mental health and post-simulation child-report of COVID-19-related anxiety and mask-wearing were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression analyses. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with older students to supplement questionnaire data.

Results
Of 190 students in this study, 31% were in grade 4 or lower 95% looked forward to returning to in-person school. Greater child anxiety about COVID-19 was predicted by increased parent/caregiver anxiety (β=0.67; P&lt;0.001), and lower parental educational attainment (β=1.86; P&lt;0.002). Older students were more likely than younger students to report that mask-wearing interfered with their abilities to interact with peers (χ2(1)=31.16; P&lt;0.001) and understand the teacher (χ2(1)=13.97; P&lt;0.001). Students in the group that did not require masks were more likely than students in the masking group to report worries about contracting COVID-19 at school (χ2(1)=10.07; P&lt;0.05), and anticipated difficulty wearing a mask (χ2(1)=18.95; P&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
For children anxious about COVID-19, parental anxiety and education about COVID-19 may be targets for intervention. Future research should examine the impact of prolonged implementation of public health mitigation strategies in school on academic achievement and children’s mental health.
Mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with underlying health and disability issues, and their families and health care providers
Authors: Nicholas David B , Zulla Rosslynn T , Conlon Olivia , Dimitropoulos Gina , Urschel Simon , Rapoport Adam , Katz Sherri Lynne , Bruce Aisha , West Lori J , Belletrutti Mark , Cullen Emma , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mental health at a population level. Families of children with health vulnerabilities have been disproportionately affected by pandemic-related policies and service disruptions as they substantially rely on the health and social care system. We elicited the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with health and disability-related vulnerabilities, their families, and their health care providers (HCPs).

Methods
Children with diverse health vulnerabilities (cardiac transplantation, respiratory conditions, sickle cell disease, autism spectrum disorder, mental health issues, and nearing the end of life due to a range of underlying causes), as well as their parents and HCPs, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis in determining themes related to impact and recommendations for practice improvement.

Results
A total of 262 participants (30 children, 76 parents, 156 HCPs) were interviewed. Children described loneliness and isolation; parents described feeling burnt out; and HCPs described strain and a sense of moral distress. Themes reflected mental health impacts on children, families, and HCPs, with insufficient resources to support mental health; organizational and policy influences that shaped service delivery; and recommendations to enhance service delivery.

Conclusion
Children with health vulnerabilities, their families and HCPs incurred profound mental health impacts due to pandemic-imposed public health restrictions and care shifts. Recommendations include the development and application of targeted pandemic information and mental health supports. These findings amplify the need for capacity building, including proactive strategies and mitigative planning in the event of a future pandemic.
Mental health profiles of autistic children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Charalampopoulou Marina , Choi Eun Jung , Korczak Daphne J , Cost Katherine T , Crosbie Jennifer , Birken Catherine S , Charach Alice , Monga Suneeta , Kelley Elizabeth , Nicolson Rob , Georgiades Stelios , Ayub Muhammad , Schachar Russell J , Iaboni Alana , Anagnostou Evdokia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Canadian province-wide lockdowns have challenged children’s mental health (MH) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with autistic children being at particular risk. The purpose of our study was to identify sub-groups of autistic children with distinct mental health change profiles, to understand the child-, parent-, and system-specific factors associated with such profiles in order to ultimately inform future interventions.

Methods
Data were drawn from a large Canadian cohort (N=1,570) across Ontario, resulting in 265 autistic children (mean age=10.9 years, 76% male). K-means clustering analyses were employed to partition distinct MH profiles in six MH measures (mood, anxiety, OCD symptoms, irritability, inattention, hyperactivity) and group differences were examined with reference to the above factors. Additionally, we investigated the characteristics of children who accessed acute MH services.

Results
The optimal number of clusters was two; one included those experiencing MH deterioration across all six MH measures (61.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]=54.9 to 67.4), and a second included youth that did not experience MH changes (38.7%, 95%CI=32.6 to 45.1). Child-specific factors associated with MH deterioration included higher pre-existing internalizing symptoms, high levels of COVID stress. Parental MH challenges and system-specific factors, such as the loss of learning supports, access to physicians and material deprivation, were also associated with MH deterioration. Access to acute MH services were primarily associated with financial insecurity and loss of services.

Conclusions
More than half of autistic children experienced MH deterioration, and person-specific (pre-existing MH, COVID related stress), parent-specific (Parent MH) and system-level (loss of services and material deprivation) characteristics were associated with such decline, providing clinical and policy opportunities for intervention at multiple levels.
Outpatient management of moderate cellulitis in children using high-dose oral cephalexin
Authors: Trottier Evelyne D , Farley St-Amand Beatrice , Vincent Mélanie , Chevalier Isabelle , Autmizguine Julie , Tremblay Stéphanie , Gouin Serge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a high-dose (HD) oral cephalexin treatment guideline for children with moderate cellulitis treated as outpatients.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included children who presented to the emergency department (ED) with moderate cellulitis and treated according to the institution’s HD oral cephalexin guideline over a 2-year period. All children had standardized follow-up at a medical day hospital (MDH). Treatment was considered effective in the absence of treatment failure, defined as admission, switch to IV treatment or ED visit within 2 weeks of discharge from the MDH. Safety was ascertained by recording adverse events and severe complications at follow-up.ResultsA total of 123 children were treated as outlined in the guideline, including 117 treated with HD oral cephalexin. The success rate was 89.7% (105/117). Among 12 (10.3%) children who had treatment failure, 10 (8.5%) required admission, 1 (0.9%) received IV antibiotics at the MDH and 1 (0.9%) had a return visit to the ED without admission. No severe complications were reported; four abscesses required drainage and one patient had a rash. The mean number of visits per child at the MDH was 1.6 (SD 1.0).ConclusionsWith a success rate of 89.7%, HD oral cephalexin seems effective and safe for the treatment of children with moderate cellulitis. Its use potentially reduces hospitalization rates for this condition and decreases the need for IV insertion.
Higher-derivative extension of the functional renormalization group
Authors: Tanaka Gota , Tsuchiya Asato 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the higher-derivative extension of the functional renormalization group (FRG). We consider FRG equations for a scalar field that consist of terms with higher functional derivatives of the effective action and arbitrary cutoff functions. We show that the ϵ expansion around the Wilson–Fisher fixed point is indeed reproduced by the local potential approximation of the FRG equations.
Ultrasound and MR muscle imaging in new onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathies at diagnosis and after treatment: a comparative pilot study
Authors: Walter Anne W , Lim Johan , Raaphorst Joost , Smithuis Frank F , den Harder J Michiel , Eftimov Filip , Potters Wouter , Saris Christiaan G J , de Visser Marianne , van Schaik Ivo N , de Haan Rob J , van der Kooi Anneke J , Verhamme Camiel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To prospectively compare ultrasound (US) and whole-body MRI for detection of muscle abnormalities compatible with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM).

Methods
Newly diagnosed IIM patients underwent US (14 muscles) and MRI (36 muscles) at diagnosis and after nine weeks monotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin. Muscles were compatible with IIM when quantitative US echo-intensity (EI) z scores was ≥1.5, semi-quantitative US Heckmatt score was ≥2, qualitative US was abnormal, or when MRI showed oedema on T2-weighted images. At patient level, findings were classified as abnormal when quantitative US EI z scores was &gt;1.5 (n = 3 muscles), &gt;2.5 (n = 2 muscles) or &gt;3.5 (n = 1 muscle), or if ≥3 muscles showed abnormalities as described above for the other diagnostic methods.

Results
At diagnosis, in 18 patients US of 252 muscles revealed abnormalities in 36 muscles (14%) with quantitative, in 153 (61%) with semi-quantitative and in 168 (67%) with qualitative analysis. MRI showed oedema in 476 out of 623 muscles (76%). Five patients (28%) reached abnormal classification with quantitative US, 16 (89%) with semi-quantitative and qualitative US, and all patients (100%) with MRI. Nine-week follow-up of 12 patients showed no change over time with quantitative US or MRI, and a decrease in abnormalities with semi-quantitative US (P &lt;0.01), and qualitative US (P &lt;0.01).

Conclusion
At diagnosis, MRI was more sensitive than US to detect muscle abnormalities compatible with IIM. Semi-quantitative US and qualitative US detected abnormalities in the majority of the patients while evaluating fewer muscles than MRI and showed change over time after nine weeks of treatment.
Identification and functional characterization of imbalanced osteoarthritis-associated fibronectin splice variants
Authors: van Hoolwerff Marcella , Tuerlings Margo , Wijnen Imke J L , Suchiman H Eka D , Cats Davy , Mei Hailiang , Nelissen Rob G H H , van der Linden–van der Zwaag Henrike M J , Ramos Yolande F M , Coutinho de Almeida Rodrigo , Meulenbelt Ingrid 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
To identify FN1 transcripts associated with OA pathophysiology and investigate the downstream effects of modulating FN1 expression and relative transcript ratio.

Methods
FN1 transcriptomic data was obtained from our previously assessed RNA-seq dataset of lesioned and preserved OA cartilage samples from the Research osteoArthritis Articular Cartilage (RAAK) study. Differential transcript expression analysis was performed on all 27 FN1 transcripts annotated in the Ensembl database. Human primary chondrocytes were transduced with lentiviral particles containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting full-length FN1 transcripts or non-targeting shRNA. Subsequently, matrix deposition was induced in our 3D in vitro neo-cartilage model. Effects of changes in the FN1 transcript ratio on sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) deposition were investigated by Alcian blue staining and dimethylmethylene blue assay. Moreover, gene expression levels of 17 cartilage-relevant markers were determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
We identified 16 FN1 transcripts differentially expressed between lesioned and preserved cartilage. FN1-208, encoding migration-stimulating factor, was the most significantly differentially expressed protein coding transcript. Downregulation of full-length FN1 and a concomitant increased FN1-208 ratio resulted in decreased sGAG deposition as well as decreased ACAN and COL2A1 and increased ADAMTS-5, ITGB1 and ITGB5 gene expression levels.

Conclusion
We show that full-length FN1 downregulation and concomitant relative FN1-208 upregulation was unbeneficial for deposition of cartilage matrix, likely due to decreased availability of the classical RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) integrin-binding site of fibronectin.
ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS IN ADULT COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR FOUR AFRICAN COUNTRIES: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY
Authors: Uushona Vera , Boadu Mary , Nyabanda Rose , Diagne Magatte , Inkoom Stephen , Issahaku Shiraz , Hasford Francis , Haiduwa Paulus , Koteng Arthur , Omondi Bob , Diop Adji Yaram , Gilley Debbie Bray 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This preliminary study aims towards the establishment of regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for routine adult computed tomography (CT) examinations. The study was performed on 54 CT facilities from four African countries (Ghana, Kenya, Namibia and Senegal) and the results compared with international DRLs. Data were collected from facilities using a structured questionnaire provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Dose descriptors (volume computed tomography dose index [CTDIvol] and dose length product [DLP]) evaluations were performed on CT head and body phantoms for head, chest and abdomen CT examination protocols using standard methods. The estimated dose indices were compared with console-displayed dose values. Experienced radiologists accepted the diagnostic image quality of the images as per departmental imaging requirements. Median CTDIvol and DLP data from each facility were compiled to estimate the typical dose in each country. National DRLs were established based on the 75th percentile of median values, whereas the regional DRLs were based on the median of the national DRLs. Comparison of measured CTDIvol with console values of all facilities in all four countries was within 20% as recommended. The established CTDIvol DRLs for head CT, chest CT and abdomen CT were 60.9 mGy, 15.2 mGy and 15.7 mGy, respectively. Similarly, that of DLP, DRLs were 1259 mGy.cm, 544 mGy.cm and 737 mGy.cm, respectively for head CT, chest CT and abdomen CT. The established DRLs from this study were comparable to DRLs from other countries with some variations. This study would serve as baseline for establishment of a more generalized regional adult CT DRLs for Africa.
FATCA, CRS and Public BO registers: a report on the direction of travel—the next 12 months
Authors: Noseda Filippo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The author represents a number of clients in ongoing litigation against the excessive nature of public registers of beneficial ownership, the US Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS). Cases are pending before the courts in Austria, Germany, Luxembourg and the UK. The question relating to the compatibility of public registers of beneficial ownership with individuals’ fundamental rights to privacy and data protection is currently before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The European Union’s Advocate General has already issued his opinion and a judgment is expected in the coming months.
Effects of a multicomponent microbial feed additive containing prebiotics and probiotics on health, immune status, metabolism, and performance of newly weaned beef steers during a 35-d receiving period
Authors: Idowu Modoluwamu D , Taiwo Godstime , Pech Cervantes Andres , Bowdridge Scott A , Ogunade Ibukun M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a multicomponent blend of prebiotics and probiotics on health, immune status, metabolism, and performance of newly weaned beef steers during a 35-d receiving period. Eighty newly weaned crossbred steers (12-hour postweaning; 206 ± 12 kg of body weight [BW]) from a single source were stratified by BW into four pens (20 steers per pen) such that each pen had similar BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage-based diet with no additive (CON; two pens; n = 40 steers) or a basal diet supplemented with SYNB feed additive at an average of 28 g/steer/d (SYNB; two pens; n = 40 steers). The SYNB additive is a blend of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis and was supplemented for the first 21 d only. Percentage of steers treated for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was calculated for each dietary treatment. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) and meal events (meal frequency and duration) were measured. Weekly BWs were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Blood samples collected on days 0, 14, 21, 28, and 35 were used for ex-vivo tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release assay following lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation, plasma metabolome analysis, and mRNA expression analysis of 84 innate and adaptive immune-related genes. Compared with CON, supplemental SYNB increased (P ≤ 0.05) ADG, DMI, and meal events during the first 7 d. At d 21, there was no treatment effect (P &gt; 0.05) on final BW, DMI, ADG, and meal events; however, beef steers fed supplemental SYNB had greater (P = 0.02) meal duration. Over the entire 35-d receiving period, beef steers fed supplemental SYNB had greater (P = 0.01) ADG and feed efficiency, tended to have greater (P = 0.08) meal duration, and had lower percentage (35 vs. 50%) of animals treated for BRD and lower percentage of sick animals treated for BRD more than once (7.15 vs. 45%). Whole blood expression of pro-inflammatory genes was downregulated while that of anti-inflammatory genes was upregulated in beef steers fed supplemental SYNB. Beef steers fed supplemental SYNB had lower (P = 0.03) plasma concentration of TNF-α after LPS stimulation. Six nutrient metabolic pathways associated with health benefits were enriched (false discovery rate ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental SYNB. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of SYNB during the first 21 d of arrival reduced BRD morbidity, improved the performance, immune, and metabolic status of beef steers over a 35-d receiving period thereby extending the SYNB effect by a further 14 days post supplementation.
Intake of corn stover botanical parts by growing and finishing beef steers
Authors: Karls Caleb W , Shinners Kevin J , Schaefer Daniel M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Single-pass corn stover harvest is a method whereby combine harvester tailings consisting of cob, stalk, leaf, husk, and tassel fractions are collected and baled without coming into contact with soil. The objective was to feed beef steers diets that included a roughage component consisting of harvested corn residue in chopped form from conventional corn stover bales (CST) or single-pass bales (SPB) to assess intake selectivity of corn stover fractions and estimate net energy values of these corn stovers. Whole plant corn silage served as the control roughage in the control diet (CSIL). Steers (n = 90, 5 pens per treatment) were fed during Grow (84 d) and Finish (66 d) trials. Steers sorted through corn stover during both trials and consumed 52.5% of corn stover offered and 40% of cob offered. Intake of SPB cob was 2.6-fold and 3.3-fold greater than CST cob intake (P &lt; 0.01) in Grow and Finish trials, respectively, indicating that when more cob was available, cattle consumed more. During the Grow trial, stover intake tended (P = 0.07) to be lower for SPB and diet dry matter intake (DMI) was less (P ≤ 0.05) for SPB, which may be due to the elevated cob intake by SPB steers. Across treatments, stover DMI was similar in the Grow (1.10 kg per steer per d) and Finish (1.11 kg per steer per d) trials. The proportion (65%) of Fines (&lt;8 mm) consumed from the Grow diet (40% neutral detergent fiber, aNDF) was greater than the Finish diet (25% aNDF; 18% to 31%) and gleaning of concentrate feeds from orts seemed to be more extensive in the Grow diet. Steers consuming Finish diets containing SPB and CST had DMI that were 17% and 18%, respectively, greater (P ≤ 0.05) than CSIL, an indication of compensatory intake. The physical effectiveness factors for stovers fed in the Grow and Finish diets were 0.85 and 0.95, respectively. Estimates for net energy maintenance and net energy gain (NEg), respectively, using National Research Council methods from 2001 were as follows for consumed stovers: SPB (1.09 and 0.54 Mcal/kg) and CST (0.98 and 0.44 Mcal/kg) in the Grow trial, and SPB (0.96 and 0.42 Mcal/kg) and CST (0.95 and 0.40 Mcal/kg) in the Finish trial. Although SPB and CST differ in botanical fraction composition and net intakes of botanical fractions, their energetic contributions to steer performance were very similar. Steers fed the Finish diet (1.25 Mcal performance-adjusted NEg per kg) selected stover botanical components to achieve a diet composition of 25% aNDF.