bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiomes in agroecosystem: Diversity, function and assembly mechanisms
Authors: Xiong Chao , Lu Yahai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoils are a main repository of biodiversity harbouring immense diversity of microbial species that plays a central role in fundamental ecological processes and acts as the seed bank for emergence of the plant microbiome in cropland ecosystems. Crop‐associated microbiomes play an important role in shaping plant performance, which includes but not limited to nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Although our understanding of structure and function of soil and plant microbiomes has been rapidly advancing, most of our knowledge comes from ecosystems in natural environment. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge of diversity and function of microbial communities along the soil–plant continuum in agroecosystems. To characterize the ecological mechanisms for community assembly of soil and crop microbiomes, we explore how crop host and environmental factors such as plant species and developmental stage, pathogen invasion, and land management shape microbiome structure, microbial co‐occurrence patterns, and crop‐microbiome interactions. Particularly, the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in microbial community assembly is illustrated under different environmental conditions, and potential sources and keystone taxa of the crop microbiome are described. Finally, we highlight a few important questions and perspectives in future crop microbiome research.
Association of cannabis use during pregnancy with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Young‐Wolff Kelly C. , Ray G. Thomas , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Benowitz Neal , Adams Sara R. , Does Monique B. , Goler Nancy , Ansley Deborah , Conway Amy , Avalos Lyndsay A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis use is increasingly common among pregnant individuals and might be a risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. We aimed to test whether prenatal cannabis use is associated with increased risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in California, USA.ParticipantsA total of 58 114 pregnancies (with outcomes from 5 March 2020 to 30 September 2021) among 57 287 unique pregnant women aged 14–54 years who were screened for prenatal substance use, enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) (a health‐care system) and had not tested positive for COVID‐19 prior to pregnancy onset.MeasurementsWe utilized data from the KPNC electronic health record. Cannabis use status (current, recently quit and non‐user) was based on universal screenings during prenatal care (including urine toxicology testing and self‐reported use on a self‐administered questionnaire). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection [based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests] was estimated in time‐to‐event analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusting for covariates. Secondary analyses examined differences in (a) SARS‐CoV‐2 testing rates and (b) SARS‐CoV‐2 infection rates among those tested.FindingsWe observed 348 810 person‐months of follow‐up time in our cohort with 41 064 SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR tests and 6% (n = 2414) of tests being positive. At the start of follow‐up, 7% of pregnant individuals had current use, 12% had recently quit and 81% did not use cannabis. Adjusting for covariates, current use was associated with lower rates of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49–0.74 than non‐use. Those who had recently quit did not differ from non‐cannabis users in infection rates (aHR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.86–1.08). Sensitivity analyses among patients who received a SARS‐CoV‐2 test also found lower odds of infection associated with current versus no cannabis use (aOR = 0.76, CI = 0.61–0.93).ConclusionsCurrent cannabis use appears to be associated with a reduced risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among pregnant individuals.
The who and how of attentional bias in cannabis users: associations with use severity, craving and interference control
Authors: Kroon Emese , Kuhns Lauren , Dunkerbeck Annette , Cousijn Janna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsCognitive and motivational processes are thought to underlie cannabis use disorder (CUD), but research assessing how cognitive processes [e.g. interference control (IC)] interact with implicit [e.g. attentional bias (AB)] and explicit motivation (i.e. craving) is lacking. We assessed the presence of AB in cannabis users with varying use severity and tested models of moderation, mediation and moderated mediation to assess how AB, craving and IC interact in their association with measures of cannabis use.DesignA cross‐sectional study design was used.Setting and participantsEight studies performed by our laboratory in the Netherlands including never‐sporadic, occasional (≤ 1/month) and regular cannabis users (≥ 2/week), and individuals in treatment for CUD were combined (n = 560; 71% male).MeasurementsStudies included a classic Stroop task (IC), a cannabis Stroop task (AB) and measures of session‐induced and average session craving. Both heaviness of cannabis use (grams/week) and severity of use related problems were included.FindingsOnly those in treatment for CUD showed an AB to cannabis (P = 0.019) and group differences were only observed when comparing CUD with never‐sporadic users (P = 0.007). In occasional and regular users, IC was negatively associated with heaviness (β = 0.015, P < 0.001), but not severity of use. Average session craving (exploratory), but not session‐induced craving (confirmatory), mediated this association between AB and heaviness (β = 0.050, P = 0.011) as well as severity of use (β = 0.083, P = 0.009); higher AB was associated with heavier use and more severe problems through increased craving.ConclusionsAttentional bias only appears to be present in cannabis users with the most severe problems and craving appears to mediate the association between attentional bias and both heaviness and severity of use in occasional and regular users. The association of interference control with heaviness but not severity of use may point to subacute intoxication effects of cannabis use on interference control.
Timing of surveillance colonoscopy following malignant colorectal polypectomy in Queensland
Authors: Zammit Andrew P. , Brown Ian , Hooper John D. , Clark David A. , Riddell Andrew D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe management of malignant polyps presents a treatment challenge between a colorectal resection and polypectomy alone. Patients managed with polypectomy alone typically undergo surveillance for recurrent or metastatic disease, however, optimal timing of surveillance methods remains unclear. Guidelines recommend for completely resected malignant polyps, that a surveillance colonoscopy be perform 12 months from diagnosis. This study sought to clarify how patients with a malignant polyp were being colonoscopically surveilled if they did not undergo colorectal resection.MethodsA retrospective, population‐wide cohort analysis of all patients from 2011 to 2019 was performed using data from the Queensland Oncology Repository. Patient, procedural and pathological data were extracted for all patients diagnosed with a malignant polyp and timing of the first surveillance endoscopy was calculated. Statistical analysis comparing the timing of surveillance colonoscopy across multiple patients, procedural and histological characteristics were assessed.ResultsA total of 1646 patients were identified with a malignant polyp, with 797 patients managed with polypectomy and surveillance alone. The median time to surveillance endoscopy was 182 days with the mean 220.01 days. This was substantially sooner than the recommended clinical guidelines of 365 days. There were no patient or procedural characteristics which predicted a difference in the timing of surveillance colonoscopy. No pathological factors appeared to change the timing for surveillance endoscopy (P > 0.05).ConclusionOverall, patients had surveillance endoscopy procedures substantially earlier than guideline recommendations. However, evidence underlying these guidelines and other surveillance methods for malignant polyps are not strong. Future technological developments, including improvements in imaging techniques, may provide additional options for surveillance of malignant polyps.
Limited marginal bone loss in implant‐supported fixed full‐arch rehabilitations after 5 years of follow‐up
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Ravidà Andrea , Catena Andrés , O'Valle Francisco , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the 5‐year results in terms of marginal bone level (MBL) around implants supporting fixed full‐arch metal‐ceramic restorations in a series of cases of patients who had lost their teeth in that dental arch because of severe periodontal disease.Material and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate the 5‐year MBL results of OsseoSpeed™ Astra Tech TX implants with internal tapered conical connection. Age, gender, bone substratum, smoking habits, history of periodontitis, and prosthetic features were recorded. Mixed linear model was used to determine the influence of the different variables on MBL.ResultsIn this series, a total of 160 implants placed in 19 patients were evaluated. No implant failure was reported during the 5 years of follow‐up. Only 14 (8.75%) implants had more than 2 mm of MBL. Abutment height,F(3,142) = 6.917,p < .001, and implant diameter,F(1,141) = 15.059,p < .001, were determined to be statistically associated with MBL. No other effect was significant. Pairwise comparisons showed that MBL was larger for abutment height = 1 (MBL = −0.987, SE = 0.186) compared with the remaining heights [−0.335 (0.171), −0.169 (0.192) and −0.247 (0.267), 2, 4 and 6 mm, respectively]. MBL was larger for narrow (−0.510, SE = 0.169) than for wide implants (−0.364, SE = 0.190).ConclusionThe current study demonstrates that the vast majority of internal conical connection implants supporting fixed full‐arch metal‐ceramic restorations do not suffer from relevant MBL after 5 years in function. Particularly, those implants with transmucosal abutments longer than 2 mm show less than 0.5 mm from the implant shoulder to the marginal bone.
Efficacy and safety of 3‐n‐butylphthalide combined with endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Fengli , Yang Jie , Xie Dongjie , Yue Chengsong , Luo Weidong , Hu Jinrong , Song Jiaxing , Li Linyu , Huang Jiacheng , Zhao Chenhao , Gong Zili , Yang Qingwu , Zi Wenjie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe drug 3‐n‐butylphthalide (NBP) was developed and approved in China, where it has been used to treat ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. It is also considered to have a neuroprotective effect. This study aimed to evaluate whether NBP combined with endovascular treatment (EVT) can improve the clinical outcome and safety in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO).MethodsData from three studies of patients treated with EVT for AIS due to LVO were combined in this study. Patients of LVO undergoing EVT were dichotomized into NBP and non‐NBP subgroups. The primary efficacy outcome was the shift of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. The secondary efficacy outcome included favorable functional outcomes, functional independence, and excellent outcome (defined as an mRS score of 3 or less) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included mortality within 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 h.ResultsA total of 1820 patients undergoing EVT were included in this study; 628 (37.5%) patients received NBP treatment, whereas 1138 (62.5%) did not. After adjusting for multiple factors, NBP was associated with the improvement of functional outcomes at 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR]: 1.503; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.254–1.801; p < 0.001). NBP was associated with a higher rate of 90‐day favorable outcomes (adjusted OR: 1.589; 95% CI: 1.251–2.020; p < 0.001) and a lower rate of 90‐day mortality (adjusted OR: 0.486 [95% CI: 0.372–0.635]; p < 0.001). sICH occurred in 74 of 682 (10.9%) patients in the NBP group and 155 of 1126 (13.8%) patients in the non‐NBP group; no statistical difference was detected (adjusted OR: 0.787 [95% CI: 0.567–1.092]; p = 0.152).ConclusionAmong patients with AIS due to LVO, NBP combined with EVT is associated with better functional outcomes and reduced mortality risk without increasing the risk of sICH.
MicroRNA‐140‐5p inhibitor attenuates memory impairment induced by amyloid‐ß oligomer in vivo possibly through Pin1 regulation
Authors: Khodabakhsh Pariya , Bazrgar Maryam , Mohagheghi Fatemeh , Parvardeh Siavash , Ahmadiani Abolhassan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThe peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase, Pin1, has a protective role in age‐related neurodegeneration by targeting different phosphorylation sites of tau and the key proteins required to produce Amyloid‐β, which are the well‐known molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. The direct interaction of miR‐140‐5p with Pin1 mRNA and its inhibitory role in protein translation has been identified. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of miRNA‐140‐5p inhibition in promoting Pin1 expression and the therapeutic potential of the AntimiR‐140‐5p in the Aß oligomer (AßO)‐induced AD rat model.MethodsSpatial learning and memory were assessed in the Morris water maze. RT‐PCR, western blot, and histological assays were performed on hippocampal samples at various time points after treatments. miRNA‐140‐5p inhibition enhanced Pin1 and ADAM10 mRNA expressions but has little effect on Pin1 protein level.ResultsThe miRNA‐140‐5p inhibitor markedly ameliorated spatial learning and memory deficits induced by AßO, and concomitantly suppressed the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators TNFα and IL‐1β, and phosphorylation of tau at three key sites (thr231, ser396, and ser404) as well as increased phosphorylated Ser473‐Akt.ConclusionAccording to our results, Antimir‐140‐mediated improvement of AβO‐induced neuronal injury and memory impairment in rats may provide an appropriate rationale for evaluating miR‐140‐5p inhibitors as a promising agent for the treatment of AD.
The use of ketamine as a neuroprotective agent following cardiac arrest: A scoping review of current literature
Authors: Ornowska Marlena , Wormsbecker Andrew , Andolfatto Gary , Leung Tim S. , Khan Idan , Medvedev George 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThe objective of this article is to summarize the state of the literature surrounding the use of ketamine as a neuroprotective agent following cardiac arrest.MethodsFive electronic databases were used to search for studies related to the use of ketamine for neuroprotection following cardiac arrest. This search was performed once in May 2020, and an updated search was conducted in May 2021 and March 2022.ResultsAll searches combined retrieved 181 results; no clinical trials were identified. As such, the authors were limited to writing a scoping review of the literature rather than a systematic review.ConclusionsThe current state of the literature describes the mechanism of action of ketamine as a neuroprotective agent through its action as an NMDA antagonist. There is evidence of its efficacy as a neuroprotective agent in preclinical models of cardiac arrest. Current published clinical work supports the use of ketamine ameliorating neurologic outcomes in other conditions such as epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and depression. The current state of the literature is reflective of the notion that the use of ketamine following cardiac arrest may result in improved neurologic outcomes. Future research directions should focus on the use of ketamine as a possible clinical intervention following cardiac arrest.
A new era of wolf management demands better data and a more inclusive process
Authors: Kareiva Peter , Attwood Samantha Kim , Bean Kim , Felix Desiree , Marvier Michelle , Miketa Madison L. , Tate‐Pulliam Elishebah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHunting and trapping of gray wolves (Canis lupus) has increased dramatically in the “lower 48” states of the United States. We assess the data used to justify the intense hunting pressure on wolves, and find an absence of accessible biological data. We find there is a clear need for more transparent reporting of livestock losses, wolf kills, and especially the numbers and types of nontarget species captured in traps set for wolves. Also lacking is a full accounting of benefits and costs of hunting wolves, with a noteworthy failure to incorporate the ecosystem functions served by wolves. As apex predators, wolves warrant multi‐objective management as opposed to management focused largely on livestock interests and concerns.
Diagnosis of fetal congenitally unguarded tricuspid valve orifice by echocardiography
Authors: Liu Hailan , Yuan Gaole , Li Xia , Song Yan , Wang Chen , Zhang Chunquan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review the imaging characteristics and evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography for fetal congenitally unguarded tricuspid valve orifice (CUTVO).MethodsDoppler echocardiography was performed and the images were compared with operative and necropsy findings in ten fetuses with CUTVO. The aim of the study was to summarize the characteristics of fetal echocardiography and analyze the causes of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses.ResultsThere were six cases with complete absence (60%) and four cases with partial absence of the tricuspid leaflet (40%). Among all cases, six cases were consistent with the ultrasonic diagnosis. CUTVO ultrasonographic characteristics consist of the atrioventricular connection with normal arteries and the tricuspid valve device partially or completely absent. The annulus of the tricuspid valve can be described as “empty” in the apical four‐chamber view, Doppler evaluation shows to‐and‐fro flow across the tricuspid orifice with low velocity and two‐way spectrum.ConclusionFetal echocardiography can accurately diagnose CUTVO, but missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis should be reduced.
Additive value of the right parasternal view for the assessment of aortic stenosis
Authors: Shimamura Toshio , Izumo Masaki , Sato Yukio , Shiokawa Noriko , Uenomachi Nina , Miyauchi Motoki , Miyamoto Junko , Kikuchi Hidekazu , Shinoda Junko , Okamura Takanori , Akashi Yoshihiro J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough Doppler evaluation using a multiplanar method is recommended to assess the severity of aortic stenosis (AS) with transthoracic echocardiography, evidence on the diagnostic significance of a non‐apical method is limited. This study aimed to compare the use of the apical with the use of the right parasternal view (RPV) method to evaluate AS severity and to examine the diagnostic significance of performing the RPV method in addition to the apical method during the evaluation.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 276 consecutive patients (mean age: 79 ± 10 years; women, 56%) with severe AS (aortic valve area [AVA] ≤1.0cm2). The severity of AS according to the apical method and that according to the RPV for all subjects were compared, and the significance of performing the RPV method in addition to the apical method was examined. Furthermore, we compared the concordance group, in which the apical and RPV methods indicated matching in severity, and the discordant group, in which the apical and RPV methods did not indicate matching severity.ResultsPeak velocity (Vmax), mean pressure gradient (MG) were significantly higher and the AVA, AVAi, and Doppler velocity index (DVI) were significantly smaller when the RPV was added to the apical view. Performing the RPV method in addition to the apical method significantly decreased the number of low PG AS cases (MG < 40 mmHg) from 69.9% to 65.0% and it increased the number of very severe AS cases (Vmax ≥ 5 m/s) from 8.7% to 14.5%. Deviation of Doppler angle was significantly greater in the discordant group compared to the concordant group (22.5 ± .6 vs. 31.8 ± 1.7, p < .001).ConclusionsBy performing the RPV method in addition to the apical method to determine AS severity, the diagnosis of AS to be resolved in approximately 10% of cases. These results suggest that AS severity may be underestimated by using the apical method alone.
Palliative home care for older patients with respiratory disease in Japan: Practices and opinions of physicians
Authors: Yamanaka Takashi , Kidana Kiwami , Yamaguchi Yasuhiro , Hirahara Satoshi , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Mizuki Maiko , Arai Hidenori , Akishita Masahiro , Miura Hisayuki 
Published: October 2022

AimOlder adults at the end‐of‐life stage receiving home visits from physicians often experience symptoms such as dyspnea, pain and fatigue, among others. This study aimed to investigate the practices and opinions of physicians providing home visits regarding palliative care for older adults with respiratory symptoms due to non‐malignant diseases in Japan.MethodsA nationwide questionnaire survey on home palliative care for non‐cancer chronic respiratory diseases was sent to 2988 home‐care physicians in 2020 through postal mail and/or email. The questions focused on their background, their use of rating scales to evaluate the intensity of dyspnea, and their practices and opinions regarding home palliative care for respiratory diseases or symptoms.ResultsValid responses were collected from 592 physicians (19.8%). A total of 251 participants (43.1%) used a rating scale to evaluate the intensity of dyspnea. While 87.8%, 86.6%, 67.3%, and 60.0% of physicians considered pulmonary rehabilitation, morphine, sedative medications, and non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), respectively, as effective in relieving respiratory distress, 73.0%, 66.9%, 57.3%, and 55.2% of those physicians, respectively, used each modality to relieve respiratory distress. Frequently involved physicians in the aforementioned care prescribed morphine or sedative medications and used NPPV more frequently.ConclusionsThis study found a discrepancy between the proportion of physicians who considered palliative care as effective and those who prescribed it. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 943–949.
Sharing brands on social media: The roles of behavioural commitment and modality in identity shift
Authors: Johnson Benjamin K. , Rosenbaum Judith E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeople who publicly exhibit behaviours on social media adjust their sense of self accordingly, a process known as identity shift. This manuscript reports on two experiments that extend identity shift research, applying it to consumer engagement with media brands on social media. In the first study (N = 150), participants liked or shared brands' social media posts using their own Facebook accounts. We tested actual behavioural commitment against merely thinking about sharing or liking the post, to provide a rigorous test of identity shift theory. Contrary to expectations, results showed no significant differences between behaviour and thought. Findings did show that users were more cautious in sharing (vs. liking) posts and were more likely to be influenced by their own sharing if they were relatively infrequent social media sharers. The second study (N = 338) extended this design to include Twitter and account for the roles of social media users' personality traits, perceptions of different social media platforms, and user choice and autonomy. Results revealed that liking on Twitter or sharing on Facebook produced more positive brand attitudes. Contrary to expectations, extroverts and those who perceived their online performance as more public reported less positive attitudes after actually sharing.