bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-151 Cognitive Sequelae of “Long COVID-19” in Older Adults with Cerebrovascular Risk Factors: A Case Series
Authors: Christopher Jennifer , Muslin Shana , Hymen Erica , Wyman Kate 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 symptoms among older adults (CDC, 2021). Severe symptoms increase the likelihood of persistent symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection (i.e., “Long-COVID-19”) (Garg et al., 2021). Preliminary research has associated Long COVID-19 with psychological disorders and decline in multiple cognitive domains (Pyne & Brickman 2021). Provided the novelty of COVID-19, further research is required to substantiate findings and inform clinical application.
Methods: This case series includes three Caucasian geriatric patients with cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes and hypertension) and unremarkable psychiatric histories. Each was referred for neuropsychological evaluation due to residual cognitive symptoms 6-10 months post-recovery from severe COVID-19 infection. Only Patient A was hospitalized.
Results: Patient A’s (82, M) neuropsychological profile reflected deficits in executive functioning, variable processing speed, and mild depression. Patient B (86, F) demonstrated deficits in verbal learning and recall and variable attention, language, and visuospatial abilities. Patient C’s (70, F) results revealed deficits in verbal learning and recall, variable processing speed, and severe depression. All patients reported intact instrumental activities of daily living and were diagnosed with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder.
Conclusion: Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors may be at higher risk for persistent changes in cognitive and psychological functioning following COVID-19 infection. Consistent with previous research, the cognitive presentation of Long COVID-19 was heterogeneous among these patients. Future studies should examine the influence of cardiovascular risk factors or neuroimaging-based cerebrovascular burden on long-term recovery from COVID-19 infection among older adults.
A-152 Associations between Cognitive Functioning and Self-Report Mood Measures in a Veteran Clinical Population
Authors: Courtwright Kylie , Smith Cassandra , Engel David , Callahan Megan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To determine the strength of correlation between subjective mood distress and concurrent measures of objective cognitive functioning.
Method: 334 veterans (89.6% male; 93.7% White) were seen for neuropsychological evaluation at the VA Portland Health Care System (VAPORHCS; M/SD: age = 56.45/14.43; education = 13.16/2.37). Participants were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and either the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and/or PTSD Checklist (PCL). Partial correlations were used to determine associations between psychological distress and neuropsychological test performance, controlling for age and education. Three clinical groups were created based on each mood measure’s total score: 1.) BDI-II ≥ 20 (n= 96); 2.) GDS ≥ 11 (n = 17); 3.) PCL ≥ 33 (n = 57), and compared to a control group - scores below moderate cutoffs on BDI-II (n = 102), GDS (n = 16), and PCL (n = 8). Clinical groups were not mutually exclusive. Independent-samples t-tests compared neuropsychological test scores between groups.
Results: Two of the 111 bivariate correlations between the three mood measures and neuropsychological tests were statistically significant at p &lt; .01, both with medium effect sizes (BDI-II and Pegboard dominant and nondominant hand). Across clinical group comparisons, none were statistically significant at p &lt; .01; four from the BDI-II group were statistically significant at p &lt; .05.
Conclusions: Few associations were found between subjective reports of mood distress and neuropsychological test performance, indicating statistical independence. Consistent with other literature, these results suggest reported mood distress has minimal impact on concurrent cognitive performance, except for motor slowing.
A-153 Characteristics of Patients Seeking Treatment for “Brain Fog” Secondary to Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in the Deep South
Authors: Robinson Jamie Hansel , Greenfield Melissa J , Lokken Kristine , Shah Udit Vipul , Agnihotri Shruti P , Wheeler Pariya Fazeli , Vance David E , Kennedy Richard , Gerstenecker Adam , Lazar Ronald M , Martin Roy C , Gerstenecker Kristen Triebel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Describe those with persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms seeking treatment for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).
Method: Patients were referred for neuropsychological evaluation from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Post-COVID Treatment Program. Ninety-seven patients completed a comprehensive set of self-report questionnaires.
Results: Patients were 49 years old (range: 18 to 74), had 15.49 years (SD = 2.43) of education, and identified as female (77%), married (51%), and White/Caucasian (73%) or Black/AA (25%). Reported annual income ranged from ≤ $20,000 (11%) to ≥ $100,000 (32%), with 75% currently employed. Confirmed positive test result for COVID-19 was reported in 88%, with 87% having the original virus and 13% the Delta variant, based on estimated dates of infection. Symptoms during the acute illness included: headache (76%), fever (51%), cough (57%), shortness of breath (56%), and loss of smell or taste (54%). Most of the participants were not hospitalized (76%) nor required oxygen therapy (78%). Persistent symptoms included: headache (55%), shortness of breath (53%), muscle and joint pain (53%), cough (17%), congestion (40%) and loss of smell or taste (25%). Of these participants, 87% reported they had not returned to their baseline health because of COVID-19 and most indicated impaired job performance following COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion: Those who sought treatment for persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms following a symptomatic course of COVID-19 were commonly middle aged, White, women, with at least a high school education. “Brain fog” secondary to PASC can result in reported persistent health and neuropsychiatric issues that can impact ability to work.
A-154 Chromosome 18q Deletion & Chromosome 18p Duplication: A Neuropsychological Case Study
Authors: Newkirk Bailey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The client presents with partial deletion of chromosome 18q and partial duplication of chromosome 18p, occurring in 1 in 55,000 individuals and less than 1 in 1,000,000 individuals, respectively. Deletions of chromosome 18q are often characterized by hypotonia, seizures, psychomotor retardation, and intellectual disability. Duplications of chromosome 18p are characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, hypotonia, developmental delay, and attention deficits.
Method: The client is a 5-year-old male, who was diagnosed with the above-mentioned genetic disorders and Chiari malformation at age 2. Additionally, the client presents with a speech delay and low muscle tone. The client’s parents sought testing to clarify his cognitive and emotional functioning in light of his genetic disorders to inform treatment and supports.
Results: Nonverbal intellectual assessment was in the average range. Academic achievement noted low average reading skills, impaired math abilities, and borderline impaired spelling. Neuropsychologically, impairments were noted in verbal memory, simple auditory attention, semantic fluency, visual perception, motor coordination, visual motor integration, and affect recognition. Mild to moderate inefficiencies were in visual memory, auditory comprehension of instructions, response inhibition, fine motor dexterity, and perspective taking. Otherwise, the client performed in the average range on tasks of behavioral inhibition and persistence, expressive language, and receptive language.
Conclusions: Given the limited literature, it is expected these genetic disorders will be associated with intellectual disabilities and attentional difficulties. However, the client’s IQ is in the average range, and he presents with potential learning disorders in reading, writing, and mathematics with associated attention, memory, visual-motor, verbal fluency, and social perception difficulties.
A-165 Selective Mutism in Pediatric Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Choate Alyssa Zwicker , Wahlberg Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome (OMS) is an extremely rare (1 per 5 million estimated incidence), subacute movement disorder characterized by myoclonus and/or ataxia, opsoclonus, and behavioral disturbance with or without neuroblastoma. Many pediatric patients will experience long-term cognitive, behavioral, and motor sequelae. This case study describes deficits associated with a rare course of OMS and will present a poly-etiologic hypothesis for the observed profile. Improved understanding of the phenotypic variance in atypical OMS may promote diagnostic clarity and subsequent intervention for a rare presentation that is scientifically underserved.
Method: Patient presented with viral infection at 2 years of age that led to loss of motor and speech functioning and ultimately a diagnosis of OMS. Patient exhibited typical features of cerebellar mutism syndrome (mutism, emotional lability, motor impairment), with rapid recovery of gross motor skills. Patient’s mutism has persisted for several years despite immunomodulatory treatment and normal neuroimaging findings.
Results: Neuropsychological results indicated below average performance across intellectual, language, motoric, and academic domains. Functional and adaptive impairments secondary to social anxiety and separation distress were also exhibited. Diagnostic criteria for Selective Mutism and Social Anxiety Disorder were met. Significant anxiety, post-event stress, attachment needs, altered speech/language development, and personal temperament are all probable contributors to her prolonged mutism.
Conclusions: This case study examines OMS with prolonged mutism. Mutism, while not uncommon in some cerebellar disorders or post surgically, is not well documented in the OMS literature and may represent a rare outcome. These findings add to the phenotypic variability, developmental course, and profile of atypical cerebellar presentations.
A-173 Grey Matter Volume, Psychotic Disorders, And Heredity of Alcohol Use Disorder: Reconceptualization by B-SNIP Biotypes
Authors: Pietrzykowski Malvina O , Waters Abigail B , Gansler David A , Jerram Matthew , Pearlson Godfrey D , Tamminga Carol A , Clementz Brett A , Keshavan Matcheri S , Gershon Elliot S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) researchers have proposed three Biotypes that show advantages of a dimensional approach to classification, revealing different levels of dysfunction severity through EEG and various forms of cognitive testing. Although preliminary work has been done showing neuroanatomical differences among the biotypes and patterns of heredity, more research is required to investigate the contribution of significant co-morbid factors such as alcohol misuse. Objective. Neuroanatomical data were used to further understand the biomarker of grey matter volume (GMV) in relation to the B-SNIP Biotypes and the interacting influence of family history of alcohol use disorder (FH-AUD).
Method. Biotype, FH-AUD, and demographic variables (age, sex, education, and ethnicity) were used in hierarchical regression analyses for prediction of total volume and two key regions (superior parietal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex) in stable probands (n = 347) and their healthy first-degree relatives (n = 346) separately. Prediction was also analyzed in the context of conventional diagnosis of psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychotic features). Structural data were analyzed using FreeSurfer.
Results. Biotype was shown to be a more robust predictor of GMV than diagnosis both generally and specifically in relevant regions (p &lt; .05). A pattern of GMV reduction based on severity was observed both in probands and relatives. Effects of FH-AUD and its interaction with Biotype were occasionally observed.
Conclusions. This study contributes to the efforts of psychobiological research to establish a more valid conceptualization of psychological disorders through biological mechanisms.
A-174 Measurement invariance reveals Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) Token Motor subtest differs in U.S.-based black and white samples
Authors: Dykins Madison , Khan Aaminah , Hill Scot K , Miller Steven A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) is widely used to assess cognition in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). However, norms were developed using a sample of 85% white and 15% black participants. Validation of the BACS across cultures have yielded mixed results suggesting that subtests may function differently. Measurement invariance can be used to assess item consistency across groups. The present study examined the measurement invariance of six BACS subtests using models with increasing constraints across 2 different U.S.-based cultural groups (i.e., black and white).
Methods: Participants were 429 black and 475 white individuals diagnosed with SZ from the Bipolar Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes consortium.
Results: The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was used to assess model fit. A change in CFI between models of increasing constraint (i.e., &lt;/= 0.01) is acceptable (Cheung & Rensvold, 2002). Baseline configural invariance (CFI=.983) was achieved. The CFI of the weak model (CFI=.967) exceeded the cut-off difference suggesting subtests do not achieve weak invariance. Partial invariance tests revealed that the Token Motor subtest was not equivalent across groups, leading to a 5-subtest partial weak invariance model.
Conclusions: With the exception of the Token Motor subtest, findings suggest that subtests function similarly across these two racial groups. The Token Motor subtest has both the lowest internal consistancy and factor loadings on the BACS and has been removed from the BACS composite score. Future research should examine the utility of the Token Motor test across clinical and cultural groups.
A-176 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Self-Reported Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults
Authors: Geller Rachel T , Golden Charles , Stafford Claire , Jubran Madeline , Jaramillo Cristina , Amen Daniel , Willeumier Kristen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between adults who self-reported high symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Method: Subjects were selected from a de-identified database for adult SPECT scans. Scores were standardized to T-scores for each database. Twenty percent of the sample from each database were selected on the basis of self-reported levels of PTSD symptoms using the Amen Adult General Symptom Checklist (Amen, 1997). The final sample consisted of 350 Adults [Mage=36.70, majority-white (65.4%) and female (56.9%)]. Significant differences existed between groups for age. A MANOVA was utilized to test the difference in concentration rCBF between adults controlling for age.
Results: Groups were compared across 17 variables representing different areas of the brain. Significant differences (p&lt;.05) in rCBF were found in high levels of self-reported PTSD. Specifically, significant differences were noted in the left and right limbic areas with adults reporting high levels of PTSD having increased rCBF in these regions. Differences were also significant in the left and right basal ganglia regions with those reporting higher levels of PTSD having increased rCBF.
Conclusion: Results indicate that there are significant differences in rCBF between adults with high self-reported levels of symptoms of PTSD. This suggests that adults with PTSD experience increased rCBF in the limbic and basal ganglia which both play a role in memory, emotions, and anxiety. Clinicians can use this information in the future to identify individuals that are at a high-risk for developing PTSD.
A-185 Influence of Improved Lifetime TBI History Ascertainment on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Sandino Adriana , Milano Jordan , Asken Breton M , Bauer Russell M , Bove Jessica 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: History of TBI/concussion earlier in life may have implications for long-term health. It is important to understand factors that influence retrospective reports of TBI/concussion history in the clinic. We examined whether providing a formal TBI/concussion definition affected self-reported TBI/concussion history and evaluated association of TBI/concussion history with current mood symptoms.
Methods: Participants were 12 individuals (5 M, 7 F, average age = 40.4) seen in an interdisciplinary TBI/concussion clinic. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests compared the total number of reported TBI/concussions before and after providing patients a formalized definition for TBI/concussion in the overall sample and then separately for males and females. A secondary analysis used Pearson’s correlation to examine the relationship between total number of TBI/concussions and self-reported anxiety using Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) total score.
Results: Participants reported an average of 3.1 more concussions after being informed of the definition of a TBI/concussion. This result was primarily seen in men, who reported 5.8 more TBI/concussions (women = 0.5 more TBI/concussions) after the definition was provided (W = 1.5, p = 0.05). Further, there was a positive, strong correlation between total number of reported lifetime concussions post TBI/concussion definition and anxiety severity (r = 0.67, p = 0.05).
Conclusions: Providing a definition of TBI/concussion increases reports of lifetime concussion, primarily in males. Higher trait anxiety may also be associated with self-reported concussion history. Larger sample sizes are needed to better understand factors that drive retrospective injury reports in those who seek concussion care.
A-211 The Impact of Task Novelty on a Virtual Reality-Based Procedural Learning Task
Authors: Dube Jeanne M , Persin Michael J , Bass Danica P , Prentice Kailee P , McKinney Brandee A , Morales Yenifer L , Guillory Logan A , Coldiron Allyson M , Barnett Michael D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Psychologists have long used nonsensical information in the study of learning and memory (Ebbinghaus, 1885). Nonsensical information makes it difficult to rely on previous learning and thus increases task novelty (Quent et al., 2021). Little extant research has investigated the impact of task novelty in everyday activities, which are often overlearned. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of task novelty on a procedural learning and memory task in virtual reality.
Method: Healthy young adults (N = 41; ages 18–25, M = 18.73, SD = 1.38) completed the Virtual Kitchen Protocol (VKP; Barnett, Parsons, & Childers, 2021), a virtual reality-based measure of learning and memory for meal preparation of both regular (e.g., cooking an egg) and nonsensical (e.g., placing a menu in a toaster) dishes.
Results: Results of a Wilcoxon signed-rank test found that in immediate recall, participants demonstrated better recall for preparing regular dishes (M = 31.51, SD = 3.33) than nonsensical dishes (M = 26.68, SD = 4.75); z = 4.699. p &lt; 0.001.; after a 20-minute delay, participants still had better recall for preparing regular dishes (M = 32.81, SD = 2.44) than the nonsensical ones (M = 27.32, SD = 4.38); z = 5.288, p &lt; 0.001.
Conclusions: Task novelty had a negative impact on recall for everyday procedural tasks in virtual reality. Overlearned behaviors may affect performance on measures of everyday activities, but the use of nonsensical analog tasks may provide a means of controlling for task familiarity.
A-214 A Novel Computerized Cognitive Test for the Detection of MCI and its Association with Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease Prone Brain Regions
Authors: Nahmias Leeron , Ortega Alexandra , Beaulieu Ashleigh N , Curiel Cid Rosie E , Zheng Diane , Kitaigorodsky Marcela , Adjouadi Malek , Crocco Elizabeth A , Georgiou Mike , Gonzalez-Jimenez Christian , Goryawala Mohammed Z , Nagornaya Natalya , Pattany Pradip M , Sfakianaki Efrosyni , Visser Ubbo , Loewenstein David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: First, to determine whether a digitized cognitive stress test, the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Sematic Interference and Learning, Brief Computerized Version (LASSI-BC) could differentiate between Cognitively Unimpaired (CU) and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) groups. Second, to correlate LASSI-BC performance to volumetric reductions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-prone regions.
Methods: 111 elders underwent a clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, along with the LASSI-BC. All participants were independent community-dwellers, had knowledgeable informants, and did not meet DSM-V criteria for any active neuropsychiatric disorder, Mood Disorder or Psychotic Disorder. Eighty-seven participants (51 CU; 36 aMCI) underwent MRI imaging. The volumes of 12 AD-prone regions were related to LASSI-BC and other memory indices correcting for False Discovery Rate (FDR).
Results: After adjusting for initial learning ability, the failure to recover from proactive semantic interference (frPSI) of LASSI-BC successfully differentiated between groups. Measures of frPSI were associated with volumetric reductions in AD-prone regions (hippocampus, amygdala, inferior temporal-lobes, precuneus and posterior cingulate) in aMCI cohort. A combination of maximum learning capacity and frPSI on the LASSI-BC yielded an area under ROC curve of 0.876 with greater sensitivity and specificity when compared to other traditional tests (e.g., HVLT).
Conclusions: Performance on the LASSI-BC successfully discriminated between diagnostic groups and is significantly associated with volumetric loss among aMCI individuals. This is significant as diagnostic cognitive tests of preclinical and prodromal AD should also be required to exhibit sensitivity to biomarkers of AD (e.g., amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration in AD-prone regions), which may address some of the most critical challenges facing clinical trials.