bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ‘waste product’ to save the day in the field of transplantation: The evolving potential of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Lazana Ioanna , Vassilopoulos George 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGraft rejection and graft‐versus‐host disease constitute the leading causes of morbidity and early mortality after solid organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively. Despite the current advances in immunotherapy, their incidence remains significant, underlying the need for new therapies to be developed. Extracellular vesicles (EV), and particularly small EV (sEV), have emerged as significant mediators of intercellular communication and immune modulation. Depending on the parental cell, they may exert potent immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive functions, attracting a major interest in field of transplantation. An increasing number of publications, studying their role in graft dysfunction pathophysiology, early detection of graft failure and in prevention and/or therapy of graft rejection, have emerged in recent years with enthusiastic results. In this review, we discuss the role and various applications of sEV in the transplant setting and present their huge potential for clinical translation.
Microstructural and electrical features of highly conducting indium co‐doped ZnO‐based ceramics
Authors: Chen Xi , Li Guorong , Tian Tian , Ruan Xuezheng , Zheng Liaoying , Makowska‐Janusik Malgorzata , Rousseau Anthony , Kassiba Abdelhadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, we developed experimental approaches on indium co‐doped ZnO‐based ceramics from the synthesis to the characterizations and analysis of physical features in the aim to achieve the formation of highly conducting ceramics with controlled nonlinearity. Different doping molar ratios of indium were used and the synthesis of the ceramics was realized by the conventional solid‐state reaction method which was then followed by a sintering under air (A), nitrogen (N), or a mixture of nitrogen and carbon monoxide (NC) atmosphere with different reduction capabilities. The structure, morphology, electrical investigations, and the electronic transport analysis were conducted on the different ZnO co‐doped ceramics as functions of the indium incorporation and the used sintering atmosphere, A, N, or NC. Suitable indium doping of 0.3 mol% and the use of highly reducing sintering atmosphere (NC) ensure the formation of ZnO‐based ceramics with an electrical conductivity up to (103 S/cm) and a quasi‐linear behavior on the electrical characteristic I–V. We discussed the obtained performances by correlating the charge transport with the microstructure of the ceramics, the composition, and the structure of grain boundaries as well as the solubility of indium in the host ZnO ceramic grains.
Oxidative lesions and post-treatment viability attenuation of listeria monocytogenes triggered by atmospheric non-thermal plasma
Authors: Pan Yuanyuan , Cheng Jun-Hu , Sun Da-Wen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of plasma-mediated oxidative stress on the post-treatment viability of Listeria monocytogenes at the physiological and molecular levels.

Methods and Results
107 CFU/ml L. monocytogenes in 10 ml phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was treated with atmospheric non-thermal plasma for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s respectively. Optical diagnostics using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) confirmed that dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was a significant source of ample exogenous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The development of extracellular main long-lived species was associated with plasma exposure time, accompanied by a massive accumulation of intracellular ROS in L. monocytogenes (p &lt; 0.01). With the exception of virulence genes (hly), most oxidation resistance genes (e.g. sigB, perR, lmo2344, lmo2770 and trxA) and DNA repair gene (recA) were upregulated significantly (p &lt; 0.05). A visible fragmentation in genomic DNA and a decline in the secretion of extracellular proteins and haemolytic activity (p &lt; 0.01) were noticed. The quantitate oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) and extracellular acidification rates (ECARs) confirmed the viability attenuation from the aspect of energy metabolism. Survival assay in a real food system (raw milk) further suggested not only the viability attenuation, but also the resuscitation potential and safety risk of mild plasma-treated cells during post-treatment storage.

Conclusion
DBD plasma had the potential to inactivate and attenuate the virulence of L. monocytogenes, and it was recommended that plasma exposure time longer than 120 s was more suitable for attenuating viability and avoiding the recovery possibility of L. monocytogenes in raw milk within 7 days.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The current results presented a strategy to inactivate and attenuate the viability of L. monocytogenes, which could serve as a theoretical basis for better application of non-thermal plasma in food in an effort to effectively combat foodborne pathogens.
Theaflavin and its derivatives exert antibacterial action against Bacillus coagulans through adsorption to cell surface phospholipids
Authors: Sato Jun , Tomita Ayumi , Sonoda Takumi , Miyamoto Takahisa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the antibacterial effects of tea theaflavins and catechins against Bacillus coagulans and the underlying mechanism of antibacterial action.

Methods and Results
Bactericidal activities of theaflavin and its analogues were evaluated and compared with that of epigallocatechin gallate. Theaflavin derivatives exhibited high bactericidal activity at 50 μmol L−1, whereas epigallocatechin gallate did not, even at 500 μmol L−1. Furthermore, we investigated the adsorption of theaflavins to model phospholipid membranes and corresponding effects on membrane fluidity to reveal their effects on the B. coagulans cell surface. Cell membrane fluidity was decreased after treatment with theaflavin derivatives with one or more galloyl moieties. Quartz-crystal microbalance analysis showed a strong affinity of the membrane phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) bilayers for theaflavin derivatives, correlating their bactericidal activity.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that theaflavins could effectively inhibit B. coagulans by decreasing cell membrane fluidity.

Significance and Impact
Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming heat-resistant bacterium responsible for spoilage in low-acidic beverages. Natural antimicrobial components in tea-based beverages are central to reducing microbial contamination and product quality deterioration, although mechanisms underlying their antimicrobial action remain obscure. This study highlights the inhibitory action of theaflavins on B. coagulans and their potential application in food and beverage industries.
Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: What the gastroenterologist needs to know
Authors: Thwaites Phoebe A , Gibson Peter R , Burgell Rebecca E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimHypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) and the hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) can be challenging to diagnose and manage. Gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders of gut‐brain interaction are common in this cohort and multifactorial in origin. The primary aim of this review is to arm the gastroenterologist with a clinically useful understanding of HSD/hEDS, by exploring the association of gastrointestinal disorders with HSD/hEDS, highlighting current pathophysiological understanding and providing a pragmatic approach to managing these patients.MethodsLiterature relevant to the gastrointestinal system and hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome was systematically searched, critically appraised, and summarized.ResultsDiagnosis is based upon clinical criteria and a genetic basis is yet to be defined. The prevalence of many gut symptoms, including abdominal pain (69%vs27%,P < 0.0001), postprandial fullness (34%vs16%,P = 0.01), constipation (73%vs16%,P < 0.001), and diarrhea (47%vs9%,P < 0.001) are significantly higher in HSD/hEDS compared with non‐HSD/hEDS individuals. Disorders of gut‐brain interaction are also common, particularly functional dyspepsia. The pathophysiology of gut symptoms is poorly understood but may involve effects of connective tissue laxity and its functional consequences, and the influence of autonomic dysfunction, medication and comorbid mental health disorders. Awareness is the key to early diagnosis. Management is limited in evidence‐base but ideally should include an integrated multidisciplinary approach.ConclusionsHSD/hEDS is a multisystemic disorder in which gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly related to disorders of gut‐brain interaction are common. Deficiencies in knowledge regarding the pathophysiological processes limit evidence‐based interventions and remain important areas for future research.
Value of prediction model in distinguishing gallbladder adenoma from cholesterol polyp
Authors: Liu Jiandong , Qian Youwen , Yang Feng , Huang Sunhua , Chen Gang , Yu Jian , Jiang Shanshan , Huang Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimGallbladder adenomatous polyp is a pre‐cancerous neoplasm, and it is difficult to classify from cholesterol polyps before cholecystectomy. The study aimed to clarify the risk characteristics of gallbladder adenomas and establish a prediction model to differentiate gallbladder adenomas from cholesterol polyp lesions.MethodsFrom May 2019 to December 2021, the patients underwent cholecystectomy in the Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. According to the permanent pathology test, the patients were divided into adenomas and cholesterol polyps groups. All the included cases received ultrasound equipment examinations before cholecystectomy and their clinical information were completely recorded. Then the patients' baseline characteristics and ultrasound imaging variables were analyzed by logistic regression. Finally, a predictive model for gallbladder adenomas will be established and assessed based on the independent risk factors.ResultsA total of 423 cases including 296 cholesterol polyps and 127 gallbladder adenomas were analyzed in detail. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that solitary polyp lesion (OR = 2.954, 95% CI 1.759–4.960, P < 0.001), the maximal diameter of lesions (OR = 1.244, 95% CI 1.169–1.324, P < 0.001), and irregular shape of polyp lesions (OR = 5.549, 95% CI 1.979–15.560, P = 0.001) were the independent predictive factors of gallbladder adenomas. According to the results, regression equation of logit(P) = −3.828 + 1.083*number of gallbladder polyps lesions (GPLs) + 0.218*diameter of GPLs + 1.714*shape of GPLs was established. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.828 (95% CI 0.782–0.874, P < 0.001). When logit P > 0.204, the sensitivity of estimating adenoma was 79.5%, the specificity of recognizing adenoma was 70.6%, and the whole correct ratio was 73.3%. While the AUC of diameter (10 mm) being a predictive factor in this study was only 0.790 (95% CI 0.741–0.839, P < 0.001). And the sensitivity and specificity of 10 mm as the optimal diagnostic cutoff value to diagnose adenomas were 74.8% and 65.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe risk factors of solitary polyp lesion, larger diameter, and irregular morphology feature of polyp lesions were significantly related to gallbladder adenomas. And the predictive model established in the study can effectively identify adenomas from cholesterol polyps and help patients to select the optimal treatment protocol.
Experiences and psychosocial predictors of professional function among intensive care nurses under the shadow of Covid‐19: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Kagan Ilya , Lancman Natalie , Weisbord Irit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of the Corona virus (COVID‐19) pandemic led to a sharp rise in morbidity and hospitalizations, and a significant therapeutic burden fell on intensive care units (ICUs). Intensive care nurses reported physical and emotional stress in response to the extra workload caused by caring for critically ill COVID‐19 patients. However, at the time of publication of the study, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies that examined uncertainty, stress, or hope in the context of functioning among intensive care nurses.AimTo examine: (a) the challenges of operating and managing intensive care units during the COVID‐19 pandemic among nurse managers in intensive care units, and (b) the relationships between uncertainty, stress, burnout, hope, and professional functioning among intensive care nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignThis mixed‐methods study was conducted in intensive care units (ICUs) at a large tertiary medical center in Israel, during February–May 2021.MethodsThe data were collected in two phases. In the first phase, qualitative data were collected from focus groups attended by 15 senior managerial nurses. The second phase involved a cross‐sectional study among 100 staff nurses working in 5 ICUs. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire.ResultsQualitative data analysis revealed two main themes: (a) challenges of the COVID‐19 pandemic and (b) positive aspects of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The nurses reported high levels of burnout, emotional stress and uncertainty, but moderate State Hope Scale scores, and moderate levels of professional functioning. There were no statistical differences in study variables by exposure to COVID‐19 patients. State Hope Scale levels, uncertainty, and burnout variables contributed significantly and explained 46% of the variance of the professional functioning.ConclusionsThe intensity of the experiences and psych‐social phenomena, is not affected by exposure to treatment of COVID‐19 patients. The relationships between the study variables emphasize the importance of initiated and ongoing interventions to reduce uncertainty, address burnout, and strengthen hope. Improvement in these indices may lead to better ICU nurses' professional functioning and their work life well‐being.
Metabolic signatures of rhizobacteria‐induced plant growth promotion
Authors: Jeon Je‐Seung , Rybka Dominika , Carreno‐Quintero Natalia , De Vos Ric , Raaijmakers Jos M. , Etalo Desalegn W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVarious root‐colonizing bacterial species can promote plant growth and trigger systemic resistance against aboveground leaf pathogens and herbivore insects. To date, the underlying metabolic signatures of these rhizobacteria‐induced plant phenotypes are poorly understood. To identify core metabolic pathways that are targeted by growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, we used combinations of three plant species and three rhizobacterial species and interrogated plant shoot chemistry by untargeted metabolomics. A substantial part (50%–64%) of the metabolites detected in plant shoot tissue was differentially affected by the rhizobacteria. Among others, the phenylpropanoid pathway was targeted by the rhizobacteria in each of the three plant species. Differential regulation of the various branches of the phenylpropanoid pathways showed an association with either plant growth promotion or growth reduction. Overall, suppression of flavonoid biosynthesis was associated with growth promotion, while growth reduction showed elevated levels of flavonoids. Subsequent assays with 12 Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthetic mutants revealed that the proanthocyanidin branch plays an essential role in rhizobacteria‐mediated growth promotion. Our study also showed that a number of pharmaceutically and nutritionally relevant metabolites in the plant shoot were significantly increased by rhizobacterial treatment, providing new avenues to use rhizobacteria to tilt plant metabolism towards the biosynthesis of valuable natural plant products.
Necessity and choice of therapy for Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis
Authors: Kurokawa Mari , Maehara Kenji , Kaku Yoshitsugu , Honjo Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHenoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis often resolves spontaneously, without treatment, making decisions regarding therapeutic interventions difficult.MethodsFifty‐four patients who were diagnosed as having Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis between April 2004 and March 2018, and developed hematuria and/or proteinuria, were studied retrospectively. The observation period ended at the disappearance of hematuria or proteinuria, or the last observation date before December 2019 for each patient. Twenty‐four of the patients received no treatment (Group A), 19 underwent renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors only (B), 4 experienced steroid pulse therapy and combination therapy only (C) and the remaining 7 received steroid pulse therapy and combination therapy following renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors (C). Clinical characteristics were examined according to the treatment method. Survival analysis for persistent urinary abnormalities was performed according to treatment modality, with multiple treatment records created per subject, if necessary.ResultsThe highest urine protein/creatinine levels were significantly higher in groups B and C than in group A. The lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate was not significantly different among the three groups. In groups A and B, proteinuria resolved in >90% of patients. Survival analysis showed that steroid pulse therapy and combination therapy was not related to the better resolution of hematuria or proteinuria than renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors.ConclusionsSeveral patients with Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis went into remission either without treatment or with renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors alone. The treatment plan for patients with Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis needs to be determined carefully.
Evaluation of error across natural gas pipeline incidents
Authors: Williams Darien Alexander , Glasmeier Amy K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how qualitative analysis can be a novel means of investigating theories of error and causation in natural gas pipeline incidents. Qualitative analysis offers unique opportunities to understand process, interactions, and the role of context in identifying active error and latent conditions in incident causation. Through the coding of text from 24 onshore natural gas pipeline incident reports on leaks and explosions in the United States and Canada, our findings reveal a proportion of active and latent errors consistent with other hazardous infrastructure contexts (roughly 3:1 latent‐active ratio across 817 coded errors). These findings underscore the robustness of extant error theory and support the argument for documenting multiple, connected causes of disaster in aggregate. Conclusions highlight the utility of in‐depth case analyses and critique present pipeline incident database aggregation. Our interpretation provides a means to convey complex causation in aggregate form thus enabling more nuanced future qualitative and qualitative analyses.
Palaeoclimatic and diagenetic controls based on clay mineralogy and organic matter distribution: The continental rift Cuyo Basin (Triassic), west‐central Argentina
Authors: Salduondo Joaquín , Comerio Marcos , Pineda Juan A. , Cravero Fernanda , Erra Georgina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Triassic Cuyo rift Basin is one of the renowned petroleum systems in South America that records distinctive alluvial, lacustrine and fluvial settings with volcanic input. The present study focuses on the clay mineral assemblages that represent the syn‐rift to post‐rift fills. Four clay mineral assemblages are defined based on X‐ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy analyses. The illite/mica‐dominated assemblage is documented in the syn‐rift I (Cerro de las Cabras Formation). Such mineral phases are inherited and derived from the erosion of pre‐rift units, suggesting that physical weathering associated with a warm and semi‐arid climate played a leading role in their occurrence. Authigenic smectite clays are diagnostic in organic‐lean mudstones of the syn‐rift II (lower Potrerillos Formation) which point to alteration of pyroclastic material under a warm and semi‐arid to humid climate. A warm and humid climate prevailed during the deposition of lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks (upper Potrerillos and Cacheuta formations). Organic‐rich mudstones show the illite/mica–kaolinite–smectite assemblage in conjunction with amorphous organic matter and restricted terrigenous elements. Diagenetic kaolinite booklets and bipyramidal quartz are attributed to the acidification of pore‐water related to kerogen transformation during burial diagenesis. Vitrinite reflectance values (ca 0.63%) confirm that organic‐rich sediments reached the earliest oil window; however, smectite is devoid of illite layers throughout the Triassic succession, probably related to the absence of potassium in the system and the high crystallinity of the smectite, which delayed the transformation of smectite into mixed layers illite–smectite. Red mudstones of the post‐rift II (the fluvial‐lacustrine Rio Blanco Formation) show the kaolinite‐dominated assemblage where the authigenic kaolinite is interpreted to be derived from the alteration of volcaniclastic detritus and indicative of warm climate with markedly wet periods.
Dynamic visualization of ultraviolet dose on skin with sunscreen applied using minimum erythema dose
Authors: Li Zhi , Kim Min Ah , Kim Eunjoo , Jung Yu Chul , Kim Jay J. , Shin Hyoung‐Sub 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundVisualizing the ultraviolet (UV) dose on skin serve as an intuitive approach to ensure appropriate sunscreen usage and reduce the risk of erythema. UV dose is determined by a number of external factors, such as properties of sunscreens, weather, and type of outdoor activity. We propose a framework for visualizing UV doses that considers various external factors.Materials and methodsFirst, the skin of a three‐dimensional human model was represented using triangular meshes, and various static postures and dynamic motions were simulated to express outdoor activities. Then, we evaluated the persistency and insufficiency properties of sunscreen, which are time dependent and directly affect the effectiveness of the sunscreen skin protection factor (SPF) during UV exposure. Finally, to calculate the UV dose in real time, we tracked the trajectory of the sun and motion of the skin while considering the time‐dependent properties of sunscreen.ResultsAn S/W system was implemented based on the proposed framework to visualize the distribution of UV doses through dynamic color changes in exposed skin areas. The color types include true colors, which represent the minimum erythema dose (MED), and pseudo colors representing states before 1 MED is reached. We devised various examples to discuss the usability of the proposed framework.ConclusionThe system conveniently displays the MED according to an individual's skin phototype. When the properties of a wide range of commercial sunscreens are added to the system database, it is expected that the rate of appropriate sunscreen usage by customers will increase.