bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, mechanism and lipid-mediated remodeling of the mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger NHA2
Authors: Matsuoka Rei , Fudim Roman , Jung Sukkyeong , Zhang Chenou , Bazzone Andre , Chatzikyriakidou Yurie , Robinson Carol V. , Nomura Norimichi , Iwata So , Landreh Michael , Orellana Laura , Beckstein Oliver , Drew David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Na+/H+ exchanger SLC9B2, also known as NHA2, correlates with the long-sought-after Na+/Li+ exchanger linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension in humans. Despite the functional importance of NHA2, structural information and the molecular basis for its ion-exchange mechanism have been lacking. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of bison NHA2 in detergent and in nanodiscs, at 3.0 and 3.5 Å resolution, respectively. The bison NHA2 structure, together with solid-state membrane-based electrophysiology, establishes the molecular basis for electroneutral ion exchange. NHA2 consists of 14 transmembrane (TM) segments, rather than the 13 TMs previously observed in mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) and related bacterial antiporters. The additional N-terminal helix in NHA2 forms a unique homodimer interface with a large intracellular gap between the protomers, which closes in the presence of phosphoinositol lipids. We propose that the additional N-terminal helix has evolved as a lipid-mediated remodeling switch for the regulation of NHA2 activity.
Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and elevation of interleukin-1β secretion in infection by sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus
Authors: Li Zhifeng , Hu Jianli , Bao Changjun , Gao Chengfeng , Zhang Nan , Cardona Carol J. , Xing Zheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging phlebovirus that causes a hemorrhagic fever known as the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Inflammasomes are a molecular platform that are assembled to process pro-caspase 1 and subsequently promote secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-18 for proinflammatory responses induced upon infection. We hypothesize that inflammasome activation and pyroptosis induced in SFTS results in elevated levels of IL-1β/IL-18 responsible for high fever and hemorrhage in the host, characteristic of SFTS. Here we report that IL-1β secretion was elevated in SFTS patients and infected mice and IL-1β levels appeared to be reversibly associated to disease severity and viral load in patients’ blood. Increased caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/IL-18 secretion, cell death, and processing of gasdermin D were detected, indicating that pyroptosis was induced in SFTSV-infected human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs). To characterize the mechanism of pyroptosis induction, we knocked down several NOD-like receptors (NLRs) with respective shRNAs in PBMCs and showed that the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was critical for processing pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β. Our data with specific inhibitors for NLRP3 and caspase-1 further showed that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was key to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion which may be inhibitory to viral replication in PBMCs infected with SFTSV. The findings in this study suggest that the activation of the NLPR3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, leading to IL-1β/IL-18 secretion during the SFTSV infection, could play important roles in viral pathogenesis and host protection. Pyroptosis as part of innate immunity might be essential in proinflammatory responses and pathogenicty in humans infected with this novel phlebovirus.
Mathematical model analysis and numerical simulation for codynamics of meningitis and pneumonia infection with intervention
Authors: kotola Belela Samuel , Mekonnen Temesgen Tibebu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we have considered a deterministic mathematical model to analyze effective interventions for meningitis and pneumonia coinfection as well as to make a rational recommendation to public healthy, policy or decision makers and programs implementers. We have introduced the epidemiology of infectious diseases, the epidemiology of meningitis, the epidemiology of pneumonia, and the epidemiology of infection of meningitis and pneumonia. The positivity and boundedness of the sated model was shown. Our model elucidate that, the disease free equilibrium points of each model are locally asymptotically stable if the corresponding reproduction numbers are less than one and globally asymptotically stable if the corresponding reproduction numbers are greater than one. Additionally, we have analyzed the existence and uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium point of each sub models, local stability and global stability of the endemic equilibrium points for each model. By using standard values of parameters we have obtained from different studies, we found that the effective reproduction numbers of meningitis $${\mathcal{R}}_{eff(m)}=9$$

R

e
f
f
(
m
)

=
9

and effective reproduction numbers of pneumonia $${\mathcal{R}}_{eff(p)}=11$$

R

e
f
f
(
p
)

=
11

that lead us to the effective reproduction number of the meningitis and pneumonia co-infected model is $$max\left\{ {\mathcal{R}}_{eff\left(m\right)}, {\mathcal{R}}_{eff(p)} \right\}=9$$

m
a
x

R

e
f
f

m

,

R

e
f
f
(
p
)

=
9

. Applying sensitivity analysis, we identified the most influential parameters that can change the behavior of the solution of the meningitis pneumonia coinfection dynamical system are $${\alpha }_{1} , {\alpha }_{2}$$

α
1

,

α
2

and $$\pi$$
π
. Biologically, decrease in $${\alpha }_{1}$$

α
1

and increasing in $$\pi$$
π
is a possible intervention strategy to reduce the infectious from communities. Finally, our numerical simulation has shown that vaccination against those diseases, reducing contact with infectious persons and treatment have the great effect on reduction of these silent killer diseases from the communities.
Chemical properties of the coffee grounds and poultry eggshells mixture in terms of soil improver
Authors: Tombarkiewicz Barbara , Antonkiewicz Jacek , Lis Marcin W. , Pawlak Krzysztof , Trela Magdalena , Witkowicz Robert , Gorczyca Olga 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as chicken (CES) or duck eggshells (DES) left over from the artificial hatching technology are proposed as potential soil improver and/or organic-mineral fertiliser components. Therefore, it seems interesting and necessary to evaluate the chemical composition of these wastes and their mixtures in terms of their possible use for that purpose. The study was conducted under the incubation experiment conditions using a mixture of SCG and eggshells (10:1 ratio). Macronutrients, i.e. C, N, S, were determined by the catalytic combustion method, while P, K, Mg, Ca, Na by atomic spectrometry. It was found that SCG were rich in C, N, P, and K, while eggshells in Ca, Mg, Na, and S. However, CES compared to DES were richer in deacidifying components (i.e. Ca, Mg, K). At the same time, the content of macronutrients in eggshells decreased gradually along with the embryo development. For this reason, the mixture of SCG and shells of unembryonated chicken eggs (CES I) had the best chemical and usable proprieties. To conclude, the chemical properties of the mixtures of spent coffee grounds and eggshells indicate their possible application in soil bioengineering.
Mixing fraction in classical novae
Authors: Guo Yunlang , Wu Chengyuan , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2022

Context. Classical novae are powered by thermonuclear runaways occurring on the surface of accreting white dwarfs (WDs). In the observations, the enrichments of heavy elements in nova ejecta have been detected, indicating a mixing process between the accreted matter and the matter from the outer layers of the underlying WDs prior to nova outbursts. However, the mixing fraction in classical novae is still uncertain.
Aims. The purpose of this article is to investigate some elemental abundance ratios during nova outbursts that can be used to estimate the WD mixing fraction in classical novae.
Methods. By considering different WD mixing fractions with the stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics, we carried out a series of simulations of nova outbursts, in which the initial CO WD masses range from 0.7−1.0 M⊙.
Results. We identified four elemental abundance ratios (i.e. (H + He)/∑CNO, (H + He)/Ne, ∑CNO/Mg, and ∑CNO/Si) that satisfy the conditions for determining the WD mixing fraction, in which (H + He)/∑CNO is the most suitable mixing meter. We also estimated the WD mixing fraction in some representative classical novae. Additionally, we found that a higher metallicity (i.e. higher WD mixing fraction) is preferentially accompanied by a longer t2 (the time of decline by two magnitudes from peak luminosity) during nova outbursts. Our results can be used to constrain the mixing process in classical novae.
Magnetic field evolution around a fast-moving pore emerging from the quiet Sun
Authors: Xu Zhe , Ji Haisheng , Hong Junchao , Ji Kaifan , Yang Jiayan 
Published: February 2022

Context. Solar pores are intense concentrations of magnetic fields on the solar surface and plasma flows have always played a key role in spurring the evolution of the pores.
Aims. In this study, we present the evolution of the magnetic field and plasma velocity around a fast-moving pore. The target pore expands into the quiet Sun area with a sufficiently fast speed after its emergence, while the background magnetic fields around the pore are simple. These characteristics provide us with an excellent opportunity to study the interaction between plasma motions and ambient magnetic fields.
Methods. We analyzed the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) vector magnetograms with a pixel size of 0.5″ and a temporal cadence of 12 min across a duration of 11 h. We also adopted he HMI dopplergrams present the line-of-sight velocities. The horizontal flow fields were obtained using the Differential Affine Velocity Estimator for Vector Magnetograms method.
Results. Pure horizontal magnetic fields are generated in the moving frontwards when the pore is subject to fast movement. The generated magnetic fields occur outside the emerging site and thus can be ruled out as the emerging flux from the interior. Instead, they are highly correlated with the broader downflows and expanding horizontal plasma motions in front of the pore. A magnetic gap can be observed between the magnetic fields inside and outside the pore. The temporal evolution of the generated magnetic fields is related to the speed of the pore, which is also distinguished from the original fields within the pore.
Conclusions. The observations suggest that the plasma flows driven by the fast proper motion of the pore compress and stretch the local magnetic field to a horizontal non-radial direction, ultimately leading to the magnetic field amplification in the front part of the moving pore.
Tätowierung durch intradermale Hauttests mit farbstoffhaltigen Medikamenten
Authors: Bircher Andreas J. , Scherer Hofmeier Kathrin 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungBei zwei Individuen, einem 72-jährigen Patienten und einer 20-jährigen Kontrollprobandin, wurde bei der Durchführung von Hauttests mit farbigen Medikamenten eine iatrogene Tätowierung verursacht. Der Patient hatte eine anaphylaktische Reaktion auf ein Eisenpräparat erlitten, und es bestand die zwingende Indikation für eine erneute intravenöse Eisensubstitution. Deshalb wurden weiterführende Abklärungen inklusive Hauttests durchgeführt. Die zweite Tätowierung erfolgte im Rahmen einer Studie zur Evaluation des irritativen Potenzials von Intradermaltests mit Isosulfanblau, einem diagnostischen Farbstoff. In beiden Fällen war vorab eine Einverständniserklärung bzw. ein Ethikvotum eingeholt worden, sodass es zu keinen weiteren rechtlichen Konsequenzen kam.
Desires and attitudes of outpatients and physicians regarding the use of teleurology during the pandemic: a prospective survey study
Authors: Karabulut Ibrahim , Demirdogen Saban Oguz , Ramazanoglu Mehmet Akif , Sam Emre , Cinislioglu Ahmet Emre , Al Salih , Altay Mehmet Sefa , Yilmazel Fatih Kursat , Bicaklioglu Fatih , Aydin Hasan Riza , Adanur Senol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective: It is not known to date how many patients admitted to
urology outpatient clinics are willing to use telemedicine. We aimed to investigate knowledge
levels and attitudes concerning the utilization of teleurology by patients applying to urology
outpatient clinics.
Methods: This prospective multicentre survey study included 334 patients aged 18–65
years who applied to an urology outpatient clinics. The patients were asked questions about
their attitudes and expectations regarding teleurology. Diseases were divided into seven
subgroups due to the broad spectrum of diagnoses. Physicians’ and patients’ opinions on
whether it was possible to manage the current medical condition via teleurology were recorded.

Results: 69.5% of patients stated that they had sufficient technical skills to use teleurology
by themselves for medical examination. 55.4% of patients and 78.4% of physicians responded
that the existing complaints were suitable for teleurology. Both patients and physicians
deemed genital system diseases and urinary tract infections suitable for teleurology
(p<0.001, p<0.001 for physicians, and p<0.001, p<0.001 for patients), whereas
urine transport, storage and emptying disorders (p=0.003) and benign prostatic hyperplasia
(p=0.029) were deemed to be suitable for teleurology only by the physicians.
Conclusion: Our
study shows that (i) the majority of our patient population has a telecommunications
infrastructure suitable for teleurology, (ii) teleurology has aroused interest among patients,
particularly during the pandemic period, and (iii) physicians and patients have high
expectations that the problem can be solved with teleurology in suitable patients.
Kurzzeiteffekte und Akzeptanz einer Intervention für
drogenabhängige Eltern: Das „SHIFT PLUS“
Elterntraining
Authors: Dyba Janina , Moesgen Diana , Grimmig Luisa , Köhler Thorsten , Klein Michael 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eltern mit einer Drogenabhängigkeit sind
häufig in ihren elterlichen Kompetenzen eingeschränkt. Die
Lebenswelt von Kindern, die in suchtbelasteten Familien aufwachsen, ist oft
prekär, insbesondere wenn diese von der Drogensubkultur geprägt
ist. Gleichzeitig stehen für Mütter und Väter mit
Drogenproblemen in Deutschland keine evidenzbasierten, standardisierten
Interventionen zur Verfügung.
Methode Mit SHIFT PLUS wurde ein modularisiertes Gruppenprogramm
für drogenabhängige Eltern mit Kindern bis 8 Jahren entwickelt,
welches ihre Elternkompetenzen und die Familienresilienz stärken sowie
ihre Bereitschaft bzw. Fähigkeit zur Abstinenz fördern soll. Das
Training basiert auf dem bestehenden „SHIFT“-Elterntraining
für Crystal Meth-konsumierende Eltern und wurde für den gesamten
Bereich der Abhängigkeit von illegalen Substanzen erweitert sowie um
Module für Angehörige ergänzt. Die Umsetzung des
Programms erfolgte an acht Praxisstandorten im Bundesgebiet in Kooperation von
Sucht- und Jugendhilfeeinrichtungen mit N=87 teilnehmenden Eltern. Zur
Evaluation der kurzzeitigen Wirkeffekte wurde ein quasi-experimentelles
Forschungsdesign mit Interventions- und Wartekontrollgruppe zu zwei
Messzeitpunkten realisiert. Ergänzend wurden Akzeptanz und
Praktikabilität durch Teilnehmende und Trainer/innen
bewertet.
Ergebnisse Das SHIFT PLUS-Elterntraining zeigte sich als praktikabel und
hoch akzeptiert von teilnehmenden Müttern und Vätern, die
berichteten familiäre Herausforderungen subjektiv besser
bewältigen zu können. Die Wirksamkeitsevaluation zeigte zudem
eine signifikante Reduktion depressiver Symptome in der IG sowie einen
signifikant besseren Umgang mit dem Thema Sucht in der Familie.
Ergänzend verbesserten sich beide Gruppen hinsichtlich psychischer
Belastungen, Substanzkonsum und Elternkompetenz.
Schlussfolgerung Die Intervention bietet eine innovative Ergänzung
zur evidenzbasierten Unterstützung suchtbelasteter Familien in
Deutschland. Sie ermöglicht eine systematische Förderung
elterlicher Fähigkeiten und familiärer Resilienz unter
Berücksichtigung einer kooperativen Versorgung durch Jugend- und
Suchthilfe. Der direkte Einbezug von Angehörigen in das Training
gestattet dieser Zielgruppe zudem einen direkten, niedrigschwelligen Zugang zum
Hilfesystem.
Chrysene-Cored Fluorescent Dendrimers as Nondoped Deep-Blue Emitters for Solution-Processable Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Promarak Vinich , Chatsirisupachai Jirat , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Namuangrak Supawadee 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNew solution-processable chrysene-basked deep-blue fluorescent dendrimers consisting of chrysene as a core end-capped by carbazole dendrons were designed, synthesized, and characterized. These dendrimers exhibit strong deep-blue emissions in solution or thin-film states with decent hole mobility and high thermal and electrochemical stability. They can be effectively used as nondoped emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The nondoped OLEDs, which have a simple structure, showed good electroluminescence (EL) performance (luminance: 2334–2400 cd m–2; external quantum efficiency: 1.88-2.51%; turn-on voltage: 3.8–4.0 V) and deep-blue EL spectra (CIE y: 0.065–0.075) with a narrow full width at half maximum of 61–65 nm.
Katacine Is a New Ligand of CLEC-2 that Acts as a Platelet Agonist
Authors: Morán Luis A. , Di Ying , Sowa Marcin A. , Hermida-Nogueira Lidia , Barrachina María N. , Martin Eleyna , Clark Joanne C. , Mize Todd H. , Eble Johannes A. , Moreira David , Pollitt Alice Y. , Loza María I. , Domínguez Eduardo , Watson Steve P. , García Ángel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground CLEC-2 is a platelet receptor with an important role in thromboinflammation but a minor role in hemostasis. Two endogenous ligands of CLEC-2 have been identified, the transmembrane protein podoplanin and iron-containing porphyrin hemin, which is formed following hemolysis from red blood cells. Other exogenous ligands such as rhodocytin have contributed to our understanding of the role of CLEC-2.Objectives To identify novel CLEC-2 small-molecule ligands to aid therapeutic targeting of CLEC-2.Methods ALPHA screen technology has been used for the development of a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay recapitulating the podoplanin–CLEC-2 interaction. Light transmission aggregometry was used to evaluate platelet aggregation. Immunoprecipitation and western blot were used to evaluate direct phosphorylation of CLEC-2 and downstream protein phosphorylation. Autodock vina software was used to predict the molecular binding site of katacine and mass spectrometry to determine the polymeric nature of the ligand.Results and Conclusion We developed a CLEC-2–podoplanin interaction assay in a HTS format and screened 5,016 compounds from a European Union-open screen library. We identified katacine, a mixture of polymers of proanthocyanidins, as a novel ligand for CLEC-2 and showed that it induces platelet aggregation and CLEC-2 phosphorylation via Syk and Src kinases. Platelet aggregation induced by katacine is inhibited by the anti-CLEC-2 monoclonal antibody fragment AYP1 F(ab)′2. Katacine is a novel nonprotein ligand of CLEC-2 that could contribute to a better understanding of CLEC-2 activation in human platelets.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Ventilanones A and B, Two Naturally Occurring Pyranonaphthoquinones from Ventilago harmandiana
Authors: Reutrakul Vichai , Deelertpaiboon Pramchai , Kongsriprapan Sopanat , Krajangsri Suppachai , Betterley Nolan M. , Kuhakarn Chutima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of the novel pyranonaphthoquinones ventilanone A and ventilanone B, isolated from the Thai endemic plant Ventilago harmandiana, is accomplished by employing l-rhamnose and gallic acid as the starting materials. The key reactions are the utilization of a newly introduced reagent, PhSCF2H/SnCl4, for the formyl­ation of sterically hindered aromatics containing an electron-withdrawing methyl ester, and the efficient Hauser annulation of phenyl­thiophthalides with optically active C-1 glycals derived from l-rhamnose. The developed synthetic methodologies solve the long-standing problem of the formylation of sterically hindered aromatics containing electron-withdrawing groups, and are applicable for the synthesis of other analogues with substituents on the aromatic and pyran rings.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Carbonylation-Based Difunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Liu Guosheng , Tian Bing , Chen Pinhong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe palladium(II)-catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes presents one of most efficient methods for the synthesis of alkyl-substituted carbonyls and has received much attention. In this Account, we summarize our recent studies on the palladium-catalyzed intermolecular carbonylation-based 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes, in which two strategies were involved: (1) a cooperative strategy involves the sequential iodine(III)-mediated alkene activation and palladium-catalyzed carbonylation, leading to the intermolecular β-oxy-, fluoro-, and azidocarbonylation of alkenes; (2) the classic strategy initiated by intermolecular nucleopalladation and carbonylation, including the asymmetric oxycarbonylation of alkenes. These methods provide a series of efficient approaches to synthesize β-functionalized aliphatic carboxylic derivatives.1 Introduction2 A Cooperative Strategy Involving Iodine(III)-Mediated Alkene Activation and Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation2.1 Intermolecular Oxycarbonylation of Alkenes2.2 Intermolecular Fluorocarbonylation of Alkenes2.3 Intermolecular Azidocarbonylation of Alkenes3 Intermolecular Aminocarbonylation of Alkenes Initiated by Aminopalladation4 Intermolecular Arylcarbonylation of Alkenes Initiated by Arylpalladation5 Intermolecular Enantioselective Oxycarbonylation of Alkenes Initiated by Oxypalladation6 Conclusion
Survey of New, Small-Molecule Isatin-Based Oxindole Hybrids as Multi-Targeted Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , López Óscar , Leitzbach Luisa , Fernández-Bolaños José G. , Stark Holger , Burke Anthony J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last decade, our group has been very active at developing and assaying complex libraries of scaffolds with a focus on their potential to identify bioactive drug candidates for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Attention has been focused on isatin-based oxindole scaffolds, for which promising results concerning butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity have previously been obtained. Considering some published reports and detailed analysis of the pharmacophores of commercially available drugs for AD (powerful cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors), we performed a strategic structural modification of the isatin core and generated a new family of isatin-based oxindole hybrids (27 new compounds) possessing crucial key functional units in their framework. The syntheses were accomplished using multiple approaches, including simple N-alkylation reactions, copper-catalyzed amination reactions, and click chemistry. The resulting library was evaluated on ChE and MAO enzymes, both of which are involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. IC50 values of 1.6 and 2.6 μM (BuChE assays), were achieved for the best inhibitors.