bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of medical staffs' subjective well‐being in China (2004–2020): A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis
Authors: Sheng Liang , Zhao Taige , Liu Jinxiao , Gao Junjie , Peng Haiyun , Xin Sufei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSubjective well‐being is a crucial index measuring the mental health of medical staffs, and it is necessary to examine the changes in subjective well‐being (SWB) level of Chinese medical staffs with time. A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis was performed using papers that measured the SWB level of Chinese medical staffs between 2004 and 2020. Moreover, a time‐lag analysis was conducted to define whether the macro‐social indicators can explain the changes in SWB. A total of 47 papers were included in the final sample. The results revealed that score of SWB was significantly negatively correlated with the year. Score of SWB was significantly associated with six social indicators of economic condition (the residents' consumption level, housing prices, and old‐age dependency ratio), social connectedness (the divorce rate and the urbanization level), and overall threat (the crime rate), which indicated that social change may account for the decline of Chinese medical staffs' SWB level. Our study revealed a decreasing trend of Chinese medical staffs' SWB level over time, which was associated with macro‐social changes in diverse areas. In addition, combined with the corresponding macro‐social indicators, a three‐dimensional theoretical framework is proposed to explain the SWB for medical staffs as a group.
Classification of Equity Instruments under IFRS 9: Determinants and Consequences
Authors: Pinto Inês , Morais Ana Isabel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the main differences between International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 Financial Instruments and International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement is the classification and measurement of equity instruments that are financial assets. Under IFRS 9, a firm must measure acquired equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL) unless the firm irrevocably chooses at initial recognition to measure those assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). In this case, a firm must recognise all changes in FVOCI without the possibility of reclassifying these amounts into profit or loss. In this context, this study has two main objectives. First, it examines the frequency of firms that elect to classify equity instruments as FVOCI in the first year of IFRS 9 adoption and identifies the determinants of the decision to classify equity instruments as available for sale (AFS) (under IAS 39) or as financial assets at FVOCI (under IFRS 9). Second, it considers whether this choice has any influence on the value relevance of financial information. The results of a sample based on firms in the FTSE 100 and EURO STOXX 50 show that risk is the main determinant of the reclassification from AFS to FVOCI in the first year of IFRS 9 adoption, while the level of variable compensation for CEOs (for AFS) and the level of fair value hierarchy (for AFS and FVOCI) are the main determinants for the classification of equity instruments. Regarding the consequences of this change, the findings indicate that the prohibition of recycling for the FVOCI option under IFRS 9 leads investors to pay more attention to the changes in fair value as recognised in OCI.
Drug metabolism and drug transport of the 100 most prescribed oral drugs
Authors: Iversen Ditte B. , Andersen Nanna Elman , Dalgård Dunvald Ann‐Cathrine , Pottegård Anton , Stage Tore B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSafe and effective use of drugs requires an understanding of metabolism and transport. We identified the 100 most prescribed drugs in six countries and conducted a literature search on in vitro data to assess contribution of Phase I and II enzymes and drug transporters to metabolism and transport.Eighty‐nine of the 100 drugs undergo drug metabolism or are known substrates for drug transporters. Phase I enzymes are involved in metabolism of 67 drugs, while Phase II enzymes mediate metabolism of 18 drugs. CYP3A4/5 is the most important Phase I enzyme involved in metabolism of 43 drugs followed by CYP2D6 (23 drugs), CYP2C9 (23 drugs), CYP2C19 (22 drugs), CYP1A2 (14 drugs) and CYP2C8 (11 drugs). More than half of the drugs (54 drugs) are known substrates for drug transporters. P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is known to be involved in transport of 30 drugs, while breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) facilitates transport of 11 drugs. A considerable proportion of drugs are subject to a combination of Phase I metabolism, Phase II metabolism and/or drug transport.We conclude that the majority of the most frequently prescribed drugs depend on drug metabolism or drug transport. Thus, understanding variability of drug metabolism and transport remains a priority.
Dismantling barriers to digital inclusion: An online learning model for young people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Fitzpatrick Imelda , Trninic Maja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for online learning programmes to be accessible for students with intellectual disabilities. Online learning has become an important means of continuing educational activities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Students with intellectual disabilities need to have access to online learning programmes that are suitable for non‐readers and those with different literacy levels.MethodsThis study looked at The My Blossom Channel online learning assertiveness course and assessed the perceived increase in levels of confidence for 51 students with an intellectual disabilty. Pre and post programme self and support person reports were analysed for all the students along with direct observation data collected by the course facilitators.FindingsThe results indicate that increased levels of assertiveness were shown for participants who completed the course. Both the young person and their support person reported the experience was overall very positive and generalisation of some the skills to other settings were noted.ConclusionThe model of online learning outlined in this paper demonstrates an example of an accessible online learning model for people with intellectual disabilities. A number of factors were shown to be important in the success of this model including, role‐play activities, modelling, scenarios, debate, immediate feedback, and peer interaction which emphasises praise and encouragement.
Executive‐parliamentary relations in Canada: Moving forward from the pandemic
Authors: Brock Kathy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe pandemic caused governments worldwide to respond quickly to a greater array of health, economic and social issues in a more concentrated time span than previously. The Canadian public sector had developed many of the tools needed to act with agility to support the government agenda response to these challenges. With the consent of political parties, Parliament modified its operations and passed empowering legislation to provide the executive branch with sweeping powers to act. In this turbulent time, government accountability was delayed but never forgotten as a series of conversations with senior public servants revealed. This article delves into those reflections on the first year of the pandemic to discern how government operations changed and how both Parliament and the public sector can adapt to ensure that government can act effectively and efficiently but be held accountable for its decisions as it addresses more complex policy challenges in future.
Effect of AZD9977 and spironolactone on serum potassium in heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, and renal impairment: A randomized trial
Authors: Squire Iain B. , Gabrielsen Anders , Greasley Peter J. , Wernevik Linda , Hartleib‐Geschwindner Judith , Holden Julie , Johansson Susanne , Rudvik Anna , Sánchez José , Bamberg Krister , Melin Johanna , Whittaker Andrew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis phase Ib study compared the effects of AZD9977, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor modulator with predicted low hyperkalemia risk, with spironolactone on serum potassium (sK+) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF; ≥40%), and renal impairment. Patients with HF with EF greater than or equal to 40% and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 40–70 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomized to once‐daily AZD9977 100 mg or spironolactone 25 mg for 14 days, up‐titrated to AZD9977 200 mg or spironolactone 50 mg for another 14 days. The primary end point was relative change (%) in sK+ for AZD9977 versus spironolactone (baseline to day 28). Serum/urinary electrolytes, fractional excretion (FE) of Na+/K+, plasma aldosterone, cortisol, and renin, and safety were also assessed. Sixty‐eight patients were randomized (AZD9977, n = 33; spironolactone, n = 35). Mean (SD) age was 73.0 (8.5) years, 51.5% men. Mean sK+ change from baseline to day 28 was 5.7% (AZD9977) and 4.2% (spironolactone), and 1.5% and 4.2% at day 14. Relative change (95% confidence interval) in sK+ with AZD9977 versus spironolactone was −0.3% (−5.3% to 4.4%; day 28), and 3.4% (−0.8% to 7.5%; day 14). Median increase from baseline in plasma aldosterone at day 28 was 89.8 pmol/L for AZD9977 and 67.4 pmol/L for spironolactone. Median FE of K+ was 12.9% (AZD9977) and 10.1% (spironolactone). AZD9977 was well‐tolerated. No discontinuations due to hyperkalemia occurred with either treatment. Evidence of target engagement for AZD9977 with a favorable safety profile, supports further evaluation of AZD9977 in patients with HF and renal impairment.
Burrowing constrains patterns of skull shape evolution in wrasses
Authors: Evans Kory M. , Larouche Olivier , West JoJo L. , Gartner Samantha M. , Westneat Mark W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe evolution of behavioral and ecological specialization can have marked effects on the tempo and mode of phenotypic evolution. Head‐first burrowing has been shown to exert powerful selective pressures on the head and body shapes of many vertebrate and invertebrate taxa. In wrasses, burrowing behaviors have evolved multiple times independently, and are commonly used in foraging and predator avoidance behaviors. While recent studies have examined the kinematics and body shape morphology associated with this behavior, no study to‐date has examined the macroevolutionary implications of burrowing on patterns of phenotypic diversification in this clade. Here, we use three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to study the evolution of skull shape in fossorial wrasses and their relatives. We test for skull shape differences between burrowing and non burrowing wrasses and evaluate hypotheses of shape convergence among the burrowing wrasses. We also quantify rates of skull shape evolution between burrowing and non burrowing wrasses to test for whether burrowing constrains or accelerates rates of skull shape evolution in this clade. We find that while burrowing and non burrowing wrasses exhibit similar degrees of morphological disparity, for burrowing wrasses, it took nearly twice as long to amass this disparity. Furthermore, while the disparities between groups are evenly matched, we find that most burrowing species are confined to a particular region of shape space with most species exhibiting narrower heads than many non‐burrowing species. These results suggest head‐first burrowing constrains patterns of skull shape diversification in wrasses by potentially restricting the range of phenotypes that can perform this behavior.
In silico gene expression and pathway analysis of DEK in the human brain across the lifespan
Authors: Greene Allie N. , Nguyen Elizabeth T. , Paranjpe Aditi , Lane Adam , Privette Vinnedge Lisa M. , Solomon Matia B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDEK, a chromatin‐remodelling phosphoprotein, is associated with various functions and biological pathways in the periphery, including inflammation, oncogenesis, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. We recently identified an association between DEK loss and central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's. To understand DEK's potential role in disease, it is critical to characterize DEK in healthy human brain to distinguish between neural DEK expression and function in healthy versus diseased states like dementia. We utilized two public databases, BrainCloud and Human Brain Transcriptome, and analysed DEK mRNA expression across the lifespan in learning and memory relevant brain regions. Since DEK loss induces phenotypes associated with brain ageing (e.g., DNA damage and apoptosis), we hypothesized that neural DEK expression may be highest during foetal development and lower in elderly individuals. In agreement with this hypothesis, DEK was most prominently expressed during foetal development in all queried forebrain areas, relative to other ages. Consistent with its roles in the periphery, pathways related to DEK in the brain were associated with cellular proliferation, DNA replication and repair, apoptosis, and inflammation. We also found novel neural development‐relevant pathways (e.g., synaptic transmission, neurite outgrowth, and myelination) to be enriched from genes correlated with DEK expression. These findings suggest that DEK is important for human brain development. Overall, we highlight age‐related changes in neural DEK expression across the human lifespan and illuminate novel biological pathways associated with DEK that are distinct from normal brain ageing. These findings may further our understanding of how DEK impacts brain function and disease susceptibility.
Dry forest decline is driven by both declining recruitment and increasing mortality in response to warm, dry conditions
Authors: Shriver Robert K. , Yackulic Charles B. , Bell David M. , Bradford John B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimAnticipating when and where changes in species' demographic rates will lead to range shifts in response to changing climate remains a major challenge. Despite evidence of increasing mortality in dry forests across the globe in response to drought and warming temperatures, the overall impacts on the distribution of dry forests are largely unknown because we lack comparable large‐scale data on tree recruitment rates. Here, our aim was to develop range‐wide population models for dry forest tree species (pinyon pine and juniper), quantifying both mortality and recruitment, to better understand where and under what conditions species range contractions are occurring.LocationWestern United States.Major taxa studiedTwo pinyon pine (Pinus spp.) and three juniper (Juniperus spp.) species.MethodsWe developed range‐wide demographic models for five species using forest inventory data from across the western United States and estimated population trends and climate vulnerability.ResultsWe find that four of the five species are declining in parts of their range, with Pinus edulis having the largest proportion of populations declining (24%). Population vulnerability increases with aridity and temperature, with up to ~50% of populations declining in the warmest and driest conditions. Mortality and recruitment were both essential to explaining where populations are declining.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that dry forest species are undergoing an active range shift driven by both changing recruitment and mortality, and that increasing temperatures and drought threaten the long‐term viability of many of these species in their current range. While four of the five species examined were experiencing some declines, P. edulis is currently most vulnerable. Management actions such as reducing tree density may be able to mitigate some of these impacts. The framework we present to estimate range‐wide demographic rates can be applied to other species to determine where range contractions are most likely.
Transporting attachment and biobehavioral catch‐up to Norwegian child welfare services: A feasibility study
Authors: Bergsund Hans Bugge , Kullerud Tonje Naas , Kråkenes Cathrine Abbasi , Drozd Filip , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Moe Vibeke , Jacobsen Heidi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransportation of evidence‐based programs (EBPs) to a new cultural setting is often preferred over the comprehensive process of developing a new program. Intervention fidelity has been suggested as a predictor of successful transportation. The present study examined whether fidelity and parent behavior improved when implementing the U.S.‐developed Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC) intervention in Norwegian child welfare services (CWS). 11 child welfare workers received training and supervision to become ABC parent coaches. Fidelity was assessed through video‐recordings of parent coaches' in vivo feedback at each home‐visit session. Parent sensitive behavior was assessed using video‐recordings of parent–child interactions, recorded before each ABC session. Mixed effects modeling showed that ABC fidelity increased over the course of training and supervision. Furthermore, parent behavior improved over the course of families' exposure to the intervention. These demonstrate that an EBP transported to a novel cultural setting can obtain promising levels of fidelity and intervention outcomes.
Political corruption and accounting choices
Authors: Zhang Huai , Zhang Jin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe examine how political corruption affects firms’ accounting choices. We hypothesize and find that firms headquartered in corrupt districts manipulate earnings downwards, relative to firms headquartered elsewhere. Our finding is robust to alternative corruption measures, alternative discretionary accrual measures, alternative model specifications, the instrumental variable approach and difference‐in‐differences analyses based on firm relocation and high profile cases. We find that firms headquartered in corrupt districts prefer income‐decreasing accounting choices and exhibit higher conservatism. Finally, we find that the effect of corruption on earnings management is more pronounced for geographically concentrated firms, for firms without political connections, for firms in politically sensitive industries, for firms with lower transient institutional investor ownership and for firms with less analyst coverage. In sum, our findings suggest that firms respond to corruption by lowering their accounting earnings.
Relative age in the school year and risk of mental health problems in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Broughton Thomas , Langley Kate , Tilling Kate , Collishaw Stephan 
Published: August 2022

PurposeRelative age within the school year (‘relative age’) is associated with increased rates of symptoms and diagnoses of mental health disorders, including ADHD. We aimed to investigate how relative age influences mental health and behaviour before, during and after school (age range: 4–25 years).MethodWe used a regression discontinuity design to examine the effect of relative age on risk of mental health problems using data from a large UK population‐based cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC); N = 14,643). We compared risk of mental health problems between ages 4 and 25 years using the parent‐rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and depression using self‐rated and parent‐rated Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) by relative age.ResultsThe youngest children in the school year have greater parent‐rated risk of mental health problems, measured using parent‐rated SDQ total difficulties scores. We found no evidence of differences before school entry [estimated standardised mean difference (SMD) between those born on 31 August and 1 September: .02 (−.05, .08)].We found that estimates of effect size for a 1‐year difference in relative age were greatest at 11 years [SMD: .22 (.15, .29)], but attenuated to the null at 25 years [SMD: −.02 (−.11, .07)]. We did not find consistent evidence of differences in self‐rated and parent‐rated depression by relative age.ConclusionsYounger relative age is associated with poorer parent‐rated general mental health, but not symptoms of depression.
Insights on COVID‐19, School Reopening Procedures, and Mental Wellness: Pilot Interviews With School Employees
Authors: Hoke Alicia M. , Pattison Krista L. , Molinari Alissa , Allen Kathleen , Sekhar Deepa L. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused interruptions to the K‐12 US school landscape since spring 2020.METHODSIn summer 2020, we completed a pilot study utilizing interviews (n = 13) with school staff (ie, nurses, educators) from across the United States. We aimed to understand the status of school operation and re‐entry plans after the primary period of school closure, along with resources needed for students and staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic.RESULTSAll interviewees described their school's re‐entry plan as complete or in‐development. Ten plans included strategies to meet students' mental health needs. Only 3 clearly planned for staff mental health resources. Interviews suggest gaps in planning and execution of mental health resources for school staff, a group already vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and burnout.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTHSeveral school staff mental health resources were developed as a result of the pandemic, though ongoing impacts necessitate integration of these supports into school operation plans. This is particularly important as schools continue to navigate periods of altered operation in response to elevated community COVID‐19 infection rates.CONCLUSIONSAs schools implement strategies to support students, similar consideration should be given to the adults in the school environment who teach and support school‐aged children.
Pharmacokinetic study comparing doxorubicin concentrations after chemoembolization or intravenous administration in dogs with naturally occurring nonresectable hepatic carcinoma
Authors: Samuel Nina , Weisse Chick , Berent Allyson C. , Rogatko Cléo P. , Wittenburg Luke , Lamb Kenneth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemoembolization is a viable treatment option for patients with nonresectable hepatic carcinoma (HC) and may allow delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs with decreased systemic toxicity.Hypothesis/ObjectiveCompare the serum concentrations of doxorubicin after chemoembolization or IV administration in the same patient. We hypothesized that locoregional delivery may result in increased tumor chemotherapeutic drug concentrations, reflected by decreased measurable serum drug concentrations. Adverse hematological events were hypothesized to be decreased after locoregional delivery.AnimalsSeventeen client‐owned dogs with incompletely resectable HC.MethodsProspective, single‐arm clinical trial. Drug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization was performed to varying levels of blood flow stasis (NO STASIS, STASIS). Intravenous doxorubicin (IVC) subsequently was administered in selected patients. Systemic exposure was quantified by area under the serum doxorubicin concentration time curve (AUC), maximum serum doxorubicin concentration (Cmax), and time doxorubicin was last above the limit of quantitation (Tlast). Nadir test results after treatments were used to evaluate adverse hematological events.ResultsThirteen NO STASIS treatments, 15 STASIS treatments, and 9 IVC treatments were performed. Maximum serum doxorubicin concentration, AUC, and Tlast were significantly lower when comparing NO STASIS or STASIS to IVC treatments. Of the patients with nadir results available, no adverse hematological events were observed after NO STASIS or STASIS treatments. Two patients developed adverse hematological events after IVC treatment.Conclusions/Clinical RelevanceDrug‐eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization offers a viable treatment option for patients with incompletely resectable HC with the potential for increased local tumor doxorubicin concentrations, decreased systemic chemotherapeutic exposure, and fewer adverse hematological events.