bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How I treat triple‐class refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Costa Luciano J. , Hungria Vania , Mohty Mohamad , Mateos Maria‐Victoria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractImmunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs), proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are the pillars of modern multiple myeloma (MM) therapy. The prognosis of patients with MM that became refractory to these three classes (triple‐class refractory [TCR]) is historically poor. Observational studies indicate an overall response rate of ~30% and overall survival inferior to 1 year with existing therapies. While no randomised trial has been completed in this setting, several agents exploring new mechanisms of action showed activity in TCR MM in single‐arm trials, including anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T cells, anti‐BCMA antibody‐drug conjugates and exportin 1 (XPO1) inhibitors. Among agents in development, anti‐BCMA bispecific T‐cell engagers (TCE), and non‐BCMA TCEs demonstrated activity in most patients. Additionally, specific agents may exhibit unique activity in biologically defined patient subsets, as exemplified by venetoclax in t(11;14) MM. The main open questions in TCR MM are preferred sequence of existing therapies, the utility of sequential use of agents with similar mechanism of action, but different immunotherapy target and the relative efficacy of the different anti‐BCMA platforms. Here, we summarise the existing literature and provide general guidance on selecting therapy for this challenging and heterogenous group of patients.
Tumor‐derived immunoglobulin like transcript 5 induces suppressive immunocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer
Authors: Shi Wenjing , Zhang Fang , Chen Xiaozheng , Wang Shuyun , Zhang Haiqin , Yang Zijiang , Wang Guiying , Zheng Yan , Han Yali , Sun Yuping , Gao Aiqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInfiltration of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) induced colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and its resistance to immunotherapy. Identification of tumor‐specific factors to modulate inhibitory immunocyte infiltration would provide alternative and novel targets for CRC immunotherapy. Immunoglobulin‐like transcript (ILT) 5 is a negative regulator of myeloid cell activation. However, its expression and functional role in solid tumors is still unknown. Using human CRC tissues and cell lines, we found that ILT5 was highly expressed in CRC cells compared with normal colorectal epithelial cells. Enriched ILT5 in tumor cells was correlated with advanced tumor stages and poor patient survival. Our subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that tumor‐derived ILT5 inhibited the infiltration of T cells, especially that of CD8+ T cells in the TME, creating suppressive T‐cell contexture. Furthermore, ILT5 directed M2‐like polarization of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs). Inhibition of tumor‐derived ILT5 restored the immunosuppressive T‐cell and TAM contexture, and restricted CRC progression. Our findings identified ILT5 expression in solid tumor cells for the first time and raised ILT5 as a potential immunotarget and prognostic predictor in CRC.
Comparison of tomographic kidney volumes measured by semiautomatic segmentation method with scintigraphic split renal function in predicting posttransplant kidney functions
Authors: Yılmaz Vural T. , Tulum Gökalp , Dandin Özgür , Kısaoğlu Abdullah , Cüce Ferhat , Ergin Tuncer , Özel Deniz , Demiryılmaz İsmail , Koçak Hüseyin , Aydınlı Bülent , Osman Onur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn this study, it was aimed to compare scintigraphic split renal function (SRF) and computed tomographic (CT) kidney volumes by semiautomatic segmentation method in predicting graft functions after kidney transplantation.MethodsOne hundred and twelve patients (77 males, 35 females) who had a living‐donor kidney transplant between 2015 and 2017 in our centre were included in the study. While SRF was calculated with technetium‐99m‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc‐DTPA) scintigraphy, CT angiography was used for volumetric calculations.ResultsCT‐volumetric measurements, especially renal cortical volume (RCV: 103.8 ± 20 ml) and ratio to body mass index (RCV/BMI: 4.45 ± 1.3) were found to be more significant than 99mTc‐DTPA‐SRF in predicting graft functions. The correlations between SRF and RCV with 6th‐month estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (rSRF: 0.052, rRCV: 0.317, p = 0.041) and 1st‐year eGFR (rSRF: 0.104, rRCV: 0.374, p = 0.033) were found to be more significant in favour of RCV. The correlation between SRF/BMI and RCV/BMI with 1st‐, 6th‐ and 12th‐month eGFR (respectively, p = 0.02/0.048/0.024) were found to be more significant in favour of RCV/BMI. Although univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between most volumetric measurements and 1st‐year graft functions, in multivariate analysis only RCV [odds ratio (OR): 1.04 (1.01–1.07), p = 0.023] and RCV/BMI [OR: 2.5 (1.27–5.39), p = 0.013] showed a significant relationship between graft functions.ConclusionIn our study, it was shown that CT‐based renal volumetric measurements, especially RCV and RCV/BMI, predicted graft functions more strongly than scintigraphic 99mTc‐DTPA‐SRF.
Clinical and echocardiographic differences in three different etiologies of severe mitral stenosis
Authors: Kagawa Shunsuke , Omori Taku , Uno Goki , Maeda Mika , Rader Florian , Siegel Robert J. , Shiota Takahiro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn our institute, the causes of mitral stenosis (MS) are generally categorized into three main etiologies—rheumatic MS (RMS), degenerative MS with annular and leaflet calcification, and post‐clip MS as a consequence of transcatheter mitral valve repair with clips for treating mitral regurgitation. However, clinical differences among the three etiologies are uncertain.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 293 consecutive patients (53 with RMS, 118 with degenerative MS, and 122 with post‐clip MS) who had a three‐dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) derived mitral valve orifice area (MVA) of ≤1.5 cm2, and a mean transmitral pressure gradient of ≥5 mmHg on transthoracic echocardiography.ResultsAlthough there was no difference in 3D‐TEE‐derived MVA among the three groups, patients with post‐clip MS had a significantly lower mean transmitral pressure gradient compared to those with either of the other two types of MS (10.8 ([7.9–15.2] mmHg vs. 9.6 [7.3–12.5] mmHg vs. 6.9 [6.0–9.2] mmHg; p < .001). Patients with RMS had a higher prevalence of dyspnea. The independent determinants of dyspnea were pressure half time in RMS, 3D‐TEE‐derived MVA and estimated right atrial pressure in degenerative MS, and left ventricle ejection fraction in post‐clip MS.ConclusionsPatients with post‐clip MS had the lowest mean transmitral pressure gradient, and patients with RMS had the highest prevalence of dyspnea, despite having a similar 3D‐TEE‐derived MVA. The determinants of dyspnea were different among the three etiologies of MS.
US macroeconomic surprises and the emerging‐market sovereign CDS market
Authors: Chiu Junmao , Tsai Wei‐Che , Yin Chi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOur primary aim is to examine whether US macroeconomic surprises affect the slope of the term structure of ‘sovereign credit default swap’ (SCDS) spreads in emerging markets. Our empirical results show that positive (negative) US macroeconomic surprises are likely to reduce (increase) the term structure slope of SCDS spreads in emerging countries. We find that the slope values in emerging markets are positively related to future market returns over 1‐ and 2‐day horizons. Our results provide general support for the future informational role played by SCDS spreads for the national stock market within emerging markets.
Effect of leaders' regulatory‐fit messages on followers' motivation
Authors: Hayashi Yoichiro , Sasaki Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe regulatory fit between regulatory focus and framing of leaders' messages to motivate their followers was examined in this study. Toward this end, an exploratory survey was conducted to develop messages germane to regulatory focus. These messages were employed in the following two experimental studies. Study 1 tested the regulatory‐fit hypotheses from the perspective of leaders, who selected positively or negatively framed messages for promotion‐ and prevention‐focused scenarios. The results revealed that leaders were more likely to choose positively framed messages when conveying promotion‐focused messages and negatively framed messages when conveying prevention‐focused messages. While leaders high in promotion focus and transformational leadership tended to choose positive framing, those high in prevention and authoritarian leadership were inclined to prefer negative framing. The effect of regulatory fit from followers' perspective was examined in Study 2 to determine whether regulatory‐fit messages increased followers' motivation. The results revealed that participants in the regulatory‐fit condition exhibited higher motivation only in the promotion and positive‐framing condition. The implications of the findings for regulatory‐fit theory and leadership research are discussed.
Sclerostin in periodontal ligament: Homeostatic regulator in biophysical force‐induced tooth movement
Authors: Nam Yoo‐Sung , Yang Dong‐Wook , Moon Jung‐Sun , Kang Jee‐Hae , Cho Jin‐Hyoung , Kim Ok‐Su , Kim Min‐Seok , Koh Jeong‐Tae , Kim Young‐Jun , Kim Sun‐Hun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo study the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical‐force‐induced tooth movement (BFTM).Materials and MethodsBFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analysed via micro‐computed tomography. Effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were evaluated in the bone‐marrow‐derived cells in mice. In vitro human PDL cells were subjected to biophysical forces.ResultsIn the absence of BFTM, sclerostin was hardly detected in the periodontium except in the PDL and alveolar bone in the furcation region and apex of the molar roots. However, sclerostin was up‐regulated in the PDL in vivo by adaptable force, which induced typical transfiguration without changes in periodontal space as well as in vitro PDL cells under compression and tension. In contrast, the sclerostin level was unaffected by heavy force, which caused severe degeneration of the PDL and narrowed periodontal space. Sclerostin inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which corroborates the accelerated tooth movement by the heavy force.ConclusionsSclerostin in PDL may be a key homeostatic molecule in the periodontium and a biological target for the therapeutic modulation of BFTM.
A higher energy‐adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index is positively associated with total and visceral body fat in young male adults
Authors: Corrêa Cinthia R. , da Costa Bruno G. G. , Silva Kelly S. , Shivappa Nitin , Wirth Michael D. , Hébert James R. , Nunes Everson A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe energy‐adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E‐DII™) has been associated with a high body mass index and markers of chronic diseases. Also, pro‐inflammatory diets with a high E‐DII have been positively associated with metabolic disturbances such as glucose intolerance and type II diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether E‐DII scores are positively associated with body fat percentage and visceral fat per se. This cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate whether the E‐DII is associated with body fat content and metabolic health indicators in lean and obese young men.MethodsThe present study was conducted on 59 participants, without comorbidities, not using tobacco, medication and nutritional supplements. Dietary data were obtained by 3‐day food records to calculate E‐DII scores based on 28 food parameters. Body composition was assessed by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood samples were taken to measure fasting glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. An oral glucose tolerance test also was performed. Associations were determined by mixed‐effects linear regression.ResultsE‐DII scores ranged from −3.48 to +3.10. Energy intake was similar across E‐DII tertiles. After adjusting for covariates, the highest E‐DII tertile was associated with increased body fat, visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference. There was no association between E‐DII scores and glycaemic parameters.ConclusionsIn young participants, a dietary pattern with a higher E‐DII (i.e., pro‐inflammatory) score was associated with high body fat and markers of central adiposity assessed by DXA, regardless of body mass.
Is There a Risk Premium in the Stock Lending Market? Evidence from Equity Options
Authors: MURAVYEV DMITRIY , PEARSON NEIL D. , POLLET JOSHUA M. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTRecent research argues that uncertainty about future stock borrowing fees hinders short‐selling, and this risk explains the performance of short strategies. One possible mechanism is that borrowing fee risk carries a risk premium. Since the present value of the uncertain borrowing fee is reflected in options prices, the difference between option‐implied and realized fees estimates this premium. We find that the risk premium is small. Moreover, if the risk premium is substantial, it should be reflected in the returns to short‐selling stock after adjusting for stock borrowing fees. However, borrowing fee risk does not predict fee‐adjusted returns.
Microbiological etiology in prosthetic valve endocarditis: A nationwide registry study
Authors: Berisha Blerand , Ragnarsson Sigurdur , Olaison Lars , Rasmussen Magnus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProsthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a feared complication after heart valve surgery. Studies on differences in bacteriology in various types of PVE are limited.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the microbiology of PVE depending on the type of prosthetic valve and timing of diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective study based on the Swedish Registry on Infective Endocarditis focusing on PVE was conducted. The cohort was divided into mechanical and bioprosthetic valves; into endocarditis localization in the aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve; and into early and late PVE. The microbiology in these groups was compared. Predictors of Staphylococcus aureus as the cause of PVE were examined by multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 780 episodes of PVE in 749 patients were compared regarding the distribution of causative microbiological agents. The most common agents included alpha‐hemolytic streptococci (29%), S. aureus (22%), enterococci (14%), coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CoNS) (12%), and Cutibacterium acnes (6%). S. aureus was more commonly found on mechanical valves compared to bioprosthetic ones (36% vs. 17%, p < 0.001) whereas alpha‐hemolytic streptococci, enterococci, and CoNS were more common on bioprosthetic valves. There were no significant differences in the microbiology of PVE affecting mitral or aortic valves or in cases of early and late PVE. Predictors for S. aureus as the cause of PVE were end‐stage renal disease, intravenous drug use, mechanical valve, and tricuspid localization of endocarditis.ConclusionsThe type of prosthetic heart valve is associated with the causative pathogen. Patients with mechanical valves are more likely to have PVE caused by S. aureus.
Self‐Assessment of Comprehensibility and Accentedness in Second Language Korean
Authors: Isbell Daniel R. , Lee Junkyu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study investigated L2 Korean speakers’ self‐assessment of speech comprehensibility and accentedness, including a conceptual replication of Trofimovich, Isaacs, Kennedy, Saito, and Crowther (2016, Experiment 1) and exploratory analyses of individual differences in self‐assessment. L2 Korean speakers (N = 198) self‐assessed their comprehensibility and accentedness using 9‐point scales, rated their satisfaction with their pronunciation and the value (importance) of pronunciation on 9‐point scales, completed a background questionnaire, and recorded a monologic speaking task. L1 Korean listeners (N = 82) judged 28 randomly assigned speakers for comprehensibility and accentedness using 9‐point scales, and scores for each speaker were adjusted to account for variation in listener severity. Listener and self‐assessments for both comprehensibility and accentedness correlated moderately (r = .54). Individuals with lower listener‐based scores tended to overestimate their ability in self‐assessment and vice versa, but higher listener‐based scores were associated with smaller absolute miscalibration. Regression analyses suggested that pronunciation satisfaction and perceived value of pronunciation both influenced self‐assessment scores and calibration.
Chemotaxonomic investigation of plant terpenoids with an established database (TeroMOL)
Authors: Zeng Tao , Chen Yuxinxin , Jian Yongxing , Zhang Fan , Wu Ruibo 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Terpenoids constitute the biggest class of plant‐derived natural products with diverse chemical structures and extensive biological activities. Interpreting enzyme functions and mining new structures of terpenoids could be inspired by the cheminformatic and chemotaxonomic analysis, whereas it is hampered by the incompleteness of available data for terpenoids.

Here a dedicated terpenoids database, TeroMOL, is developed to collect more than 170 000 terpenoids and their derivatives annotated with reported biological sources, along with a user‐friendly and freely accessible webserver to visualise and analyse the terpenoids skeletons and organism sources.

The quantitative distributions as well as the qualitative trends between terpenoid skeletons and organism sources in plant kingdom are revealed from a chemotaxonomic view, while no comparisons are attempted due to the inherent data biases. Nevertheless, the terpenoid chemomarkers in several organisms are discussed based on the available data with highly enriched and exclusive carbon skeletons.

We believe that the TeroMOL database and its accessory computational tools will be very promising for exploring the chemical space and biological sources of terpenoids, and assisting the terpenoid research community in the future.
Trends in low vision service utilisation: A retrospective study based on general population healthcare claims
Authors: Stolwijk Miriam L , van Nispen Ruth M A , Verburg Ilona W M , van Gerwen Lieke , van de Brug Tim , van Rens Ger H M B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo identify parameters associated with the downward trend in the uptake of Low Vision Services (LVS) in the Netherlands.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted based on a Dutch national health insurance claims database (Vektis CV) of all adults (≥18 years) who received LVS from 2015 until 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to assess socio‐demographic, clinical and contextual characteristics and other healthcare utilisation of the study population. General estimating equations trends in characteristics and healthcare utilisation were determined over time.ResultsA total of 49,726 unique patients received LVS, but between 2015 and 2018, the number of patients decreased by 15%. The majority was aged 65 years or older (53%), female (54%), had a middle (38%) or low (24%) socio‐economic status and lived in urban areas (68%). Between 2015–2018, significant downward trends were found for treatment with intravitreal injections and lens‐related diseases for LVS patients. For physical comorbidity, utilisation of ophthalmic care, low vision aids and occupational therapy, a significant upward trend was found over time.ConclusionThe decrease of Dutch LVS patients by 15% between 2015 and 2018 might be explained by a reduced distribution of patients treated with intravitreal injections and patients with lens‐related diseases within the LVS. Compared to 2015, patients were more likely to have physical comorbidity, to see an ophthalmologist and to use low vision aids and occupational therapy in 2016, 2017 and 2018. This might indicate enhanced access to LVS when treated by ophthalmologists or within other medical specialties, or the opposite, i.e., less access when not treated within one of these medical specialties. Future research is needed to examine differences in patterns between LVS users and non‐users further.
Optimal Thinning of MCMC Output
Authors: Riabiz Marina , Chen Wilson Ye , Cockayne Jon , Swietach Pawel , Niederer Steven A. , Mackey Lester , Oates Chris. J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of heuristics to assess the convergence and compress the output of Markov chain Monte Carlo can be sub-optimal in terms of the empirical approximations that are produced. Typically a number of the initial states are attributed to ‘burn in’ and removed, while the remainder of the chain is ‘thinned’ if compression is also required. In this paper, we consider the problem of retrospectively selecting a subset of states, of fixed cardinality, from the sample path such that the approximation provided by their empirical distribution is close to optimal. A novel method is proposed, based on greedy minimisation of a kernel Stein discrepancy, that is suitable when the gradient of the log-target can be evaluated and approximation using a small number of states is required. Theoretical results guarantee consistency of the method and its effectiveness is demonstrated in the challenging context of parameter inference for ordinary differential equations. Software is available in the Stein Thinning package in Python, R and MATLAB.
Aggregate mass and carbon stocks in a paddy soil after long‐term application of chemical or organic fertilizers
Authors: Qiu Shaojun , Nie Jun , Long Shiping , Lu Yanhong , Zhao Shicheng , Xu Xinpeng , He Ping , Liao Yulin , Zhou Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe soil organic carbon stock that accumulates in soil aggregates as a result of the practice of fertilizer application is important for sustainable agriculture and for mitigating the effects of climate change. In this study, we investigated how the practice of fertilizer application affects the mass of soil aggregates and carbon stocks in surface and subsoil layers in rice paddy soil. We determined the mass and carbon concentration in different size classes of aggregates in soil in the top 40‐cm layer after the long‐term application of different fertilizers. We found that the amount of organic carbon in bulk soil and aggregates decreased with increasing soil depth, except free microaggregates (free‐m, 250–53 µm), which showed the opposite trend. Macroaggregates (>250 µm) were the main type of soil particles in both surface soil and subsoil. Compared with the unfertilized control or chemical fertilizer treatments, manure or straw combined with chemical fertilizers significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mass and carbon concentration in small macroaggregates (2000–250 µm) and small macroaggregate fractions in the surface soil (0–20 cm), whilst the opposite effect was detected for large macroaggregates (>2000 µm) and large macroaggregate fractions. In the top 40‐cm soil layer, the carbon content in small macroaggregates and most small macroaggregate fractions increased linearly with increasing carbon input rate, but that in large macroaggregates and most large macroaggregate fractions decreased. Overall, small macroaggregates were the dominant particle size class harbouring carbon stocks, and the subsoil in this paddy soil has a high potential for carbon sequestration.