bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usage of treated greywater as an alternative irrigation source for tomatoes cultivation
Authors: Hajlaoui Hichem , Akrimi Rawaa , Sayehi Safa , Hachicha Salma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOptimizing water reuse is an important issue in the context of water scarcity and low water quality. Greywater would provide more sustainable water supply, once using appropriate treatment. This study aimed to appraise the efficacy of treated greywater (TGW) use on soil and tomato cultivation, in comparison with ground water (GW) use. Greywater (from laundry and tableware) was treated using a wetland mini‐reactor with a horizontal underground flow. Growth, photosynthetic activity, plant water status, osmotic potential and yield of tomato cultivars (Dart and Firenze) were evaluated. Sodium, potassium (analysed by flame photometer) and heavy metals (examined by atomic absorption photometer) were quantified in leaves, stems and roots. Results showed that TGW does not affect soil salinity. The TGW improved plant height and yield, of both cultivars. Although net photosynthesis increased only in Dart whereas Firenze had elevated water potential, less relative water content and photosynthetic water use efficiency suggesting a pronounced water restriction. Also, Firenze had higher Zn2+ and Fe2+ content than Dart indicating less selectivity. Our results imply that greywater treatment had an encouraging potential for soil preservation and tomatoes irrigation. Plant resistance is possibly acquired by ionic balance and photosynthetic capacity. Further studies are desirable to inspect long‐term effects on soil and health.
Comparing the emergence of Echinochloa crus‐galli populations in different locations. Part II: similarities and threshold parameters
Authors: Royo‐Esnal Aritz , Onofri Andrea , Taab Alireza , Loddo Donato , Necajeva Jevgenija , Uludag Ahmet , Synowiec Agnieszka , Calha Isabel M. , Lars Andersson , Jensen Peter K. , Uremis Ilhan , Economou Garifalia , Murdoch Alistair J. , Tørresen Kirsten S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe variability in the emergence process of different populations was confirmed for two Echinochloa crus‐galli populations, one from Italy (IT) and the second from Norway (NO). Seeds were sown in 12 localities over Europe and the Middle East, and the emergence patterns of IT and NO were compared with those of several local populations at each location. Seeds of each population were sown in pots buried to the ground level. The base temperature (Tb) for emergence was estimated by (1) analysing logistic models applied to the field emergence of IT and NO, and (2) a germination assay set in winter 2020 at constant temperatures (8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 26, 29°C) with newly collected seeds in 2019 from the same fields where IT and NO had previously been harvested in 2015. The logistic models developed for IT and NO in each location showed that the emergence pattern of IT was similar to that of the local populations in Poland, Italy, Spain, Turkey South and Iran, while NO fitted better to those in Sweden and Latvia. No germination was obtained for IT in a germination chamber, but the estimated Tb with the logistic model was 11.2°C. For NO, the estimated Tb was 8.8°C in the germination chamber and 8.1°C in the field. Results suggest that adaptation to local environmental conditions has led to inter‐population differences in Tb and parameter estimates of thermal‐time models to predict the emergence of E. crus‐galli should only be used for populations with similar climatic and habitat conditions.
A national study through a ‘Farm‐to‐fork’ Approach to determine Salmonella dissemination along with the Lebanese poultry production chain
Authors: El Hage Rima , El Rayess Youssef , Bonifait Laetitia , El Hafi Bassam , Baugé Louise , Viscogliosi Eric , Hamze Mounzer , Mathieu Florence , Matar Ghassan M. , Chemaly Marianne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella at different stages of the broiler production chain and layer flocks in addition to their antibiotic resistance profile and molecular patterns. Over a period of 3 years, different sample matrices were collected from Lebanese farms, slaughterhouses and retail markets. Out of 672 Salmonella serotyped, 514 were analysed for antimicrobial resistance and 214 for clonality using Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results highlighted an important prevalence of Salmonella, 30% in farms, 35.8% in slaughterhouses and 22.4% at retail level. A large diversity of serotypes was identified with predominance among Salmonella Infantis (32.9%), Salmonella Enteritidis (28.4%) and Salmonella Kentucky (21.4%). High resistance to nalidixic acid was revealed in all the isolates. The most prominent resistance was exhibited in S. Kentucky and S. Infantis. The latter was resistant to tetracycline (99%), streptomycin (88.2%) and remarkable multi‐drug resistance (MDR) (89.7%). All S. Kentucky isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, MDR (62.4%) and 6% were resistant to extended‐spectrum cephalosporin (ESCs). One persistent clone of S. Enteritidis was found common between poultry and humans. Similar genomic profiles were detected between farms, slaughterhouses and retail suggesting the dissemination of identical clones throughout the food chain possibly due to weak barriers preventing such transmission.
The role of the cardiomyocyte circadian clocks in ion channel regulation and cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Schroder Elizabeth A. , Ono Makoto , Johnson Sidney R. , Rozmus Ezekiel R. , Burgess Don E. , Esser Karyn A. , Delisle Brian P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDaily variations in cardiac electrophysiology and the incidence for different types of arrhythmias reflect ≈24 h changes in the environment, behaviour and internal circadian rhythms. This article focuses on studies that use animal models to separate the impact that circadian rhythms, as well as changes in the environment and behaviour, have on 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. Circadian rhythms are initiated at the cellular level by circadian clocks, transcription–translation feedback loops that cycle with a periodicity of 24 h. Several studies now show that the circadian clock in cardiomyocytes regulates the expression of cardiac ion channels by multiple mechanisms; underlies time‐of‐day changes in sinoatrial node excitability/intrinsic heart rate; and limits the duration of the ventricular action potential waveform. However, the 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization are primarily driven by autonomic signalling. A functional role for the cardiomyocyte circadian clock appears to buffer the heart against perturbations. For example, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock limits QT‐interval prolongation (especially at slower heart rates), and it may facilitate the realignment of the 24 h rhythm in heart rate to abrupt changes in the light cycle. Additional studies show that modifying rhythmic behaviours (including feeding behaviour) can dramatically impact the 24 h rhythms in heart rate and ventricular repolarization. If these mechanisms are conserved, these studies suggest that targeting endogenous circadian mechanisms in the heart, as well as modifying the timing of certain rhythmic behaviours, could emerge as therapeutic strategies to support heart function against perturbations and regulate 24 h rhythms in cardiac electrophysiology.
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AMP‐activated protein kinase activation in skeletal muscle modulates exercise‐induced uncoupled protein 1 expression in brown adipocyte in mouse model
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Kim Youn Ju , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAerobic exercise is an effective intervention in preventing obesity and is also an important factor associated with thermogenesis. There is an increasing interest in the factors and mechanisms induced by aerobic exercise that can influence the metabolism and thermogenic activity in an individual. Recent studies suggest that exercise induced circulating factors (known as ‘exerkines’), which are able to modulate activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the effect of exercise‐induced peripheral factors on BAT activation remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the role of exercise training in BAT activation is still debatable. Hence, the purpose of our study is to assess whether exercise training affects the expression of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipocytes via release of different blood factors. Four weeks of exercise training significantly decreased the body weight gain and fat mass gain. Furthermore, trained mice exhibit higher levels of energy expenditure and UCP1 expression than untrained mice. Surprisingly, treatment with serum from exercise‐trained mice increased the expression of UCP1 in differentiated brown adipocytes. To gain a better understanding of these mechanisms, we analysed the conditioned media obtained after treating the C2C12 myotubes with an AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (AICAR; 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide), which leads to an increased expression of UCP1 when added to brown adipocytes. Our observations suggest the possibility of aerobic exercise‐induced BAT activation via activation of AMPK in skeletal muscles.Key points
Exercise promotes thermogenesis by activating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which leads to a decrease in the body weight gain and body fat content. However, little is known about the role of exerkines in modulating UCP1 expression and subsequent brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation.
Four weeks of voluntary wheel‐running exercise reduces body weight and fat content.
Exercise induces the increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and slow‐type muscle fibre marker genes in skeletal muscles and promotes UCP1 expression in white and brown adipose tissues.
Incubation of brown adipocytes with serum isolated from exercise‐trained mice significantly increased their UCP1 gene and protein levels; moreover, conditioned media of AMPK‐activator‐treated C2C12 myotubes induces increased UCP1 expression in brown adipocytes.
These results show that aerobic exercise‐induced skeletal muscle AMPK has a significant effect on UCP1 expression in BAT.
A Novel Method to Classify Rolling Element Bearing Faults Using K-Nearest Neighbor Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Vishwendra More A. , Salunkhe Pratiksha S. , Patil Shivanjali V. , Shinde Sumit A. , Shinde P. V. , Desavale R. G. , Jadhav P. M. , Dharwadkar Nagaraj V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A novel method is proposed in this work for the classification of fault in the ball bearings. Applications of K-nearest neighbor (KNN) techniques are increasing, which redefines the state-of-the-art technology for defect diagnosis and classification. Vibration characteristics of deep groove ball bearing with different defects are studied in this paper. Experimentation is conducted at different loads and speeds with artificially created defects, and vibration data are processed using kurtosis to find frequency band of interest and amplitude demodulation (Envelope spectrum analysis). Bearing fault amplitudes are extracted from the filtered signal spectrum at bearing characteristic frequency. The decision of fault classification is made using a KNN machine learning classifier by training feature data. The training features are created using characteristics amplitude at different fault and bearing conditions. The results showed that the KNN's accuracies are 100% and 97.3% when applied to two different experimental databases. The quantitative results of the KNN classifier are applied as the guidance for investigating the type of defects of bearing. The KNN Classifier method proved to be an effective method to quantify defects and significantly improve classification efficiency.
Experimental and Simulation Analysis on Spray Characteristics of Hydrous Ethanol–Gasoline Blends
Authors: Shi Xiuyong , Qian Weiwei , Liao Yansu , Ma Xiao , Wang Qiwei , Ni Jimin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hydrous ethanol application in engines can not only improve combustion and reduce emissions but also save energy consumption in the production process, which is a potential alternative fuel for engines. However, little research has been conducted on the influences of hydrous ethanol, gasoline, and hydrous ethanol–gasoline blends on spray characteristics, especially the phenomenon of flash boiling. In this investigation, the spray characteristics of hydrous ethanol and gasoline have been conducted using a constant volume chamber system, and the spray characteristics of hydrous ethanol–gasoline blends have been simulated using validated models. The results show that hydrous ethanol fuel is more likely to enter a flash-boiling state in comparison with gasoline. In addition, the spray penetration of hydrous ethanol is higher than that of gasoline, which increases by 10% approximately under the same temperature. Moreover, the spray cone angle of test fuels is between 32 deg and 43 deg and decreases with the increase of back pressure in trend. Besides, the spray projection area of hydrous ethanol and gasoline decreases significantly with the increase of back pressure. In terms of simulation, the spray penetration of E10w, E20w, E50w, and E85w fuels decreases with the increase of back pressure.
Computational Investigations of Spray Atomization and Evaporation Under Cold-Start Conditions of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Sonawane Utkarsha , Agarwal Avinash Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Unburnt hydrocarbon emissions and combustion instability are severe issues in diesel engines during cold starting. This simulation study aims to provide insights for improving the cold-start issues of diesel engines. Computational analysis of the diesel spray and evolution of plumes from a 7-hole injector was done in a constant volume quiescent spray chamber for analyzing the effect of fuel temperature. This study was based on a comprehensive numerical analysis using CONVERGE computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, where an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach was adopted in a large eddy simulation (LES) framework. Diesel engine-like cold-start conditions were replicated by reducing the fuel temperatures to 250 K to simulate freezing conditions outside. This computational study compares fuel sprays at 250 K with 312 K into a relatively colder ambient temperature of 626 K vis-a-vis high-temperature diesel engine-like ambient conditions with ambient temperature to 961 K to investigate the degree of spray characteristics improvements due to increased fuel temperature. The predicted liquid spray penetration obtained by simulations agreed well with the experimental data for fuel temperatures injected into the ambient at cold (626 K) and hot (961 K) engine-like ambient conditions. The available empirical relations justify the simulation results of this study. Results showed that fuel and ambient temperatures significantly affected the spray atomization and evaporation characteristics. A higher reduction in liquid penetration length was found with increasing fuel temperature at hot ambient conditions. Increasing ambient temperature also improved the evaporation characteristics of the spray droplets. Vapor formation for the same increase in fuel temperature was higher at hot ambient temperature than the cold. Fuel temperature had a major role in the spray atomization process, whereas the ambient temperature affected the spray evaporation process. However, fuel and ambient temperatures had only a minor effect on the distribution of total kinetic energy (TKE). Among all test conditions, a fuel temperature of 312 K sprayed in hot ambient conditions showed superior fuel spray atomization and evaporation. Hence, to tackle the cold-start of diesel engines, measures taken to increase the fuel and ambient temperatures simultaneously proved to be useful.
A Model of Perfectionism, Moral Disengagement, Altruism, and Antisocial and Prosocial Behaviors in Wheelchair Athletes
Authors: Atkinson Frazer , Martin Jeffrey J. , Moore E. Whitney G. 
Published: March 2022

Two forms of perfectionism were examined in the present study to see whether they predicted prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport through moral disengagement and altruism in a sample of 327 wheelchair basketball and rugby athletes (M = 33.57 years, SD = 10.51; 83% male). Using structural equation modeling, the following significant direct and indirect effects were found. First, perfectionistic strivings positively predicted perceived prosocial behaviors and altruism. Second, perfectionistic concerns negatively predicted altruism and prosocial behaviors and positively predicted moral disengagement. Third, antisocial behaviors were positively predicted by moral disengagement and altruism. Furthermore, perfectionistic concerns indirectly predicted antisocial behaviors positively through moral disengagement and negatively through altruism. Finally, perfectionistic strivings positively predicted antisocial behaviors through altruism. Results provided partial support for the role of perfectionism in predicting prosocial and antisocial behaviors through moral disengagement among athletes with a disability.
Specificity of Growth and Synthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Cultures in vitro Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Authors: Tomilova S. V. , Kochkin D. V. , Tyurina T. M. , Glagoleva E. S. , Labunskaya E. A. , Galishev B. A. , Nosov A. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rhizogenic, callus, and suspension cultures in vitro were obtained for Digitalis lanata and their growth, cytophysiological and biochemical characteristics were investigated. The obtained cultures were characterized by good growth characteristics (growth indexes I in the range of 5–13). Suspension cell culture had a specific growth rate μ within 0.2–0.3 days–1 and it was characterized by a two-phase growth curve (growth retardation during the exponential phase). In the obtained cultures, a study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of secondary metabolites by UPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS showed the absence of cardiac glycosides. At the same time, phenylethanoids and steroidal glycosides of the furostanol type were found in all studied cultures. The total content of phenylethanoids in callus and suspension cultures was approximately 0.5% of the dry biomass. Based on the results of mass spectrometry, ten phenylethanoid structures, including digiciliside A, digiciliside B, maxoside, purpureaside E, and their methyl derivatives and isomers, and also seven furostanol glycosides with aglycones tigogenin and gitogenin were identified. It has been shown that the composition of secondary metabolites depends on the degree of cell differentiation: furostanol glycosides were prevalent in a rhizogenic culture consisting mainly of differentiated cells, while the diversity of phenylethanoids significantly increases in callus and suspension cell cultures consisting of dedifferentiated cells. The results of the study confirm the hypothesis put forward in our previous works about the specificity of secondary metabolism and its high intensity in plant cell cultures.
Microcystic stromal tumour of testis
Authors: Hoogland Marije , Bleumer Ivar , Suurmeijer Albert 
Published: March 2022

Within the group of gonadal sex cord-stromal tumours, microcystic stromal tumour (MCST) is a rare entity. In the literature, most case series and reviews discussed MCST arising in the ovary, only one case-report concerned a testicular MCST. We present a Caucasian man in his late 30s, who presented with an MCST in his right testis. The tumour was encapsulated and composed of vaguely lobulated cellular nodules and cystic spaces with bland spindle cells and hyalinised fibrous stroma. By immunohistochemistry, the tumour cells expressed cluster designation 10, androgen receptor, steroidogenic factor-1 and nuclear beta-catenine, and there was focal nuclear expression of cyclin D1. Molecular diagnostics confirmed the presence of an exon 3 mutation (c.98C>T) in theCTNNB1gene. These features are similar to MSCT described in the ovary. Clinical follow-up (more than 1 year) was uneventful.Although the clinical and radiological presentation was that of a possible malignant testicular lesion, this entity is benign.
Household food insecurity, maternal nutrition, environmental risks and infants’ health outcomes: protocol of the IMPALA birth cohort study in Uganda
Authors: Terfa Zelalem G , Nantanda Rebecca , Lesosky Maia , Devereux Graham , Obasi Angela , Mortimer Kevin , Khan Jahangir , Rylance Jamie , Niessen Louis Wihelmus 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionIn low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), food insecurity and undernutrition disproportionately affect women of reproductive age, infants and young children. The disease burden from undernutrition in these vulnerable sections of societies remains a major concern in LMICs. Biomass fuel use for cooking is also common in LMICs. Empirical evidence from high-income countries indicates that early life nutritional and environmental exposures and their effect on infant lung function are important; however, data from sub-Saharan Africa are scarce.AimTo estimate the association between infant lung function and household food insecurity, energy poverty and maternal dietary diversity.Methods and analysisPregnant women will be recruited in an existing Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in South-West Uganda. Household food insecurity, sources and uses of energy, economic measures and maternal dietary diversity will be collected during pregnancy and after birth. Primary health outcomes will be infant lung function determined by tidal breath flow and volume analysis at 6–10 weeks of age. Infant weight and length will also be collected.A household Food Consumption Score and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator will be constructed. The involved cost of dietary diversity will be estimated based on MDD-W. The association between household level and mothers’ food access indicators and infant lung function will be evaluated using regression models. The Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) will be estimated and used as an indicator of households’ environmental exposures. The association between household MEPI and infant lung function will be assessed using econometric models.Ethics and disseminationEthical approvals have been obtained from Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (18-059), the Uganda Virus Research Institute Ethics Committee (097/2018) and Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (SS 4846). Study results will be shared with participants, policy-makers, other stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed journals.