bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of the pulmonary mycobiome in subjects with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Martinsen Einar M. H. , Eagan Tomas M. L. , Wiker Harald G. , Leiten Elise O. , Husebø Gunnar R. , Knudsen Kristel S. , Tangedal Solveig , Sanseverino Walter , Paytuví-Gallart Andreu , Nielsen Rune 
Published: May 2022

Background
Few studies have examined the stability of the pulmonary mycobiome. We report longitudinal changes in the oral and pulmonary mycobiome of participants with and without COPD in a large-scale bronchoscopy study (MicroCOPD).

Methods
Repeated sampling was performed in 30 participants with and 21 without COPD. We collected an oral wash (OW) and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample from each participant at two time points. The internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster was PCR amplified and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. Differences in taxonomy, alpha diversity, and beta diversity between the two time points were compared, and we examined the effect of intercurrent antibiotic use.

Results
Sample pairs were dominated by Candida. We observed less stability in the pulmonary taxonomy compared to the oral taxonomy, additionally emphasised by a higher Yue-Clayton measure in BAL compared to OW (0.69 vs 0.22). No apparent effect was visually seen on taxonomy from intercurrent antibiotic use or participant category. We found no systematic variation in alpha diversity by time either in BAL (p-value 0.16) or in OW (p-value 0.97), and no obvious clusters on bronchoscopy number in PCoA plots. Pairwise distance analyses showed that OW samples from repeated sampling appeared more stable compared to BAL samples using the Bray-Curtis distance metric (p-value 0.0012), but not for Jaccard.

Conclusion
Results from the current study propose that the pulmonary mycobiome is less stable than the oral mycobiome, and neither COPD diagnosis nor intercurrent antibiotic use seemed to influence the stability.
Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability among adults living with HIV accessing routine outpatient HIV care in London, United Kingdom (UK): A cross-sectional self-report study
Authors: Brown Darren A. , O’Brien Kelly K. , Harding Richard , Sedgwick Philip M. , Nelson Mark , Boffito Marta , Lewko Agnieszka 
Published: May 2022

Background
The study objectives were to measure disability prevalence and severity, and examine disability risk factors, among adults living with HIV in London, United Kingdom (UK).

Methods
Self-reported questionnaires were administered: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ), Equality Act disability definition (EADD), and demographic questionnaire. We calculated proportion (95% Confidence Interval; CI) of “severe” and “moderate” disability measured using EADD and WHODAS scores ≥2 respectively. We measured disability severity with HDQ domain severity scores. We used demographic questionnaire responses to assess risk factors of “severe” and “moderate” disability using logistic regression analysis, and HDQ severity domain scores using linear regression analysis.

Results
Of 201 participants, 176 (87.6%) identified as men, median age 47 years, and 194 (96.5%) virologically suppressed. Severe disability prevalence was 39.5% (n = 79/201), 95% CI [32.5%, 46.4%]. Moderate disability prevalence was 70.5% (n = 141/200), 95% CI [64.2%, 76.8%]. Uncertainty was the most severe HDQ disability domain. Late HIV diagnosis was a risk factor for severe disability [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.71; CI 1.25, 5.87]. Social determinants of health, economic inactivity [OR 2.79; CI 1.08, 7.21] and receiving benefits [OR 2.87; CI 1.05, 7.83], were risk factors for “severe” disability. Economic inactivity [OR 3.14; CI 1.00, 9.98] was a risk factor for “moderate” disability. Economic inactivity, receiving benefits, and having no fixed abode were risk factors (P≤0.05) for higher HDQ severity scores in physical, mental and emotional, difficulty with day-to-day activities, and challenges to social participation domains. Personal factors, identifying as a woman and being aged <50 years, were risk factors (P≤0.05) for higher HDQ severity scores in mental and emotional, uncertainty, and challenges with social participation domains.

Conclusions
People living with well-controlled HIV in London UK experienced multi-dimensional and episodic disability. Results help to better understand the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability experienced by adults living with HIV, identify areas to target interventions, and optimise health and functioning.
Development, implementation and evaluation of the online Movement, Interaction and Nutrition for Greater Lifestyles in the Elderly (MINGLE) program: The protocol for a pilot trial
Authors: Tang Diana , Macniven Rona , Bender Nicholas , Jones Charlotte , Gopinath Bamini 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
People with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are more likely to experience loneliness, have poorer diets and be less physically active than people without AMD. The online Movement, Interaction and Nutrition for Greater Lifestyles in the Elderly (MINGLE) program is a holistic evidence-based intervention aiming to support people with AMD by incorporating physical activity, social interaction and nutrition education components all delivered via a COVID-19-safe Zoom platform. This study will involve two phases: 1) a formative qualitative study with AMD patients to identify the barriers and facilitators to participating in the proposed MINGLE program; and 2) a 10-week pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of MINGLE.

Methods and analysis
Phase 1 involves AMD patients who will be recruited from an eye clinic in Western Sydney, Australia to participate in audio-recorded semi-structured interviews. Verbatim interview transcripts will be coded using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) model and themes established. These themes will be used as a guide to specifically tailor the proposed MINGLE program to people with AMD. Phase 2 involves 52 AMD patients who will then be recruited from the same clinic to participate in the MINGLE program. Pre-post questionnaires will be administered to intervention participants to collect information on the following variables: demographics, socioeconomic status, vision function, loneliness, quality of life (including depression), falls risk, physical activity (level), and dietary intake. The acceptability and feasibility of the MINGLE program will also be evaluated using descriptive statistics.

Trial registration number
ACTRN12621000939897p.
Challenges of performing essential public health functions by the physicians at leadership positions in peripheral level government health system in Bangladesh: A qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dipika Shankar , Shafique Sohana , Nowrin Iffat , Anwar Iqbal 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
Identifying and ensuring the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHFs) is one of the core agendas of the World Health Organization to strengthen the health system of a country. The definition of EPHFs varies widely, considering country needs. In Bangladesh, the physician cadres are in the leadership position to oversee the EPHFs at the district and sub-district levels. However, there is a dearth of contextual information regarding the purview of essential EPHFs in the country. The purpose of this study was to document the perception of key stakeholders on what constitute the EPHFs at district and sub-district level and identify the challenges they face in providing the services.

Methods
We carried out a qualitative exploratory study consisting of document review and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The desk review included the organograms of the government district and sub-district level health facilities and the job description of Civil Surgeons (CSs) and Upazila Health and Family Planning Officers (UHFPOs). In addition, 15 KIIs with relevant professionals and stakeholders from the Directorate of General of Health Services (DGHS), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) were conducted. Collected data were analyzed thematically.

Results
Three major categories of EPHFs were identified: i) population-oriented preventive functions, ii) clinical preventive functions, and iii) administrative/management functions. The CSs and UHFPOs need to ensure these wide range of EPHFs at the district level and below. However, at peripheral level, the leadership positions’ clinical and public health roles often get amalgamated. Therefore, ensuring public health functions are hampered. Besides, these positions need training and adequate support staff to perform the EPHFs effectively.

Conclusion
Recognizing the EPHFs in the Bangladesh context is crucial. Revisiting the job descriptions and strengthening appropriate public health services at different tiers in the country health system should be prioritized to achieve health-related Sustainable Development Goals.
Building resilience in oncology teams: Protocol for a realist evaluation of multiple cases
Authors: Tremblay Dominique , Touati Nassera , Kilpatrick Kelley , Durand Marie-José , Turcotte Annie , Prady Catherine , Poder Thomas G. , Richard Patrick O. , Soldera Sara , Berbiche Djamal , Généreux Mélissa , Roy Mathieu , Laflamme Brigitte , Lessard Sylvie , Landry Marjolaine , Giordano Émilie 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTeams caring for people living with cancer face many difficult clinical situations that are compounded by the pandemic and can have serious consequences on professional and personal life. This study aims to better understand how a multi-component intervention builds resilience in oncology teams. The intervention is based on a salutogenic approach, theories and empirical research on team resilience at work. This intervention research involves partnership between researchers and stakeholders in defining situations of adversity and solutions appropriate to context.MethodsThe principles of realist evaluation are used to develop context-mechanism-outcome configurations of a multi-component intervention developed by researchers and field partners concerned with the resilience of oncology teams. The multiple case study involves oncology teams in natural contexts in four healthcare establishments in Québec (Canada). Qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. Qualitative data from individual interviews, group interviews and observation are analyzed using thematic content analysis. Quantitative data are collected through validated questionnaires measuring team resilience at work and its effect on teaming processes and cost-effectiveness. Integration of these data enables the elucidation of associations between intervention, context, mechanism and outcome.DiscussionThe study will provide original data on contextual factors and mechanisms that promote team resilience in oncology settings. It suggests courses of action to better manage difficult situations that arise in a specialized care sector, minimize their negative effects and learn from them, during and after the waves of the pandemic. The mechanisms for problem resolution and arriving at realistic solutions to professional workforce and team effectiveness challenges can help improve practices in other settings.
NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SEVERITY OF THE PATIENT'S PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL STATE
Authors: Mitikhin Vyacheslav , Solokhina Tatyana 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Currently, there are known problems of assessing the severity of psychopathological states based on psychometric (rank) scales [1]. The main problem: ranks are non-numeric information that does not allow the simplest mathematical operations (summation, average) [2] and, as a result, the impossibility of constructing correct models for evaluating states.

Objectives Development of algorithms for processing initial rank information about the severity of psychopathological states in order to obtain results in numerical form based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) [2].

Methods Clinical, statistical, algorithms of the AHP [2].

Results The problems of assessing the patient's states are multicriteria. They are solved within the framework of AHP by constructing numerical intensity scales when measuring the dimensions of disorders. This means a correct transition from the rank scale to the scale of relations, in which the estimates are numbers that allow any mathematical operations. An example of constructing a numerical assessment of the severity of the patient's condition is given.

Conclusions The fundamental difference between the results based on AHP and rank results is due to the fact that numerical estimates of the severity of states are obtained, which can be used for any mathematical processing and the construction of correct models of communication and prediction of the state of patients from many factors, taking into account their weight.
1. Zimmerman M., Morgan T.A., Stanton K.
World Psychiatry. 2018;17:258–275
doi:10.1002/wps.20569
2. Mitikhin V., Solokhina T.
S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2019(2):49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149
Doctor, What Is the Best Crohn's Therapy?
Authors: Isaacs Kim , Kane Sunanda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
When the only biologics were antitumor necrosis factor agents, it was not hard to treat our sick Crohn's patients. Now with multiple mechanisms of action, the therapeutic landscape is more broad but can be confusing. Trying to compare agents is difficult because head-to-head trials are lacking. A comparative effectiveness methodology allows for indirect comparisons of agents based on the outcome of interest. When deciding what agent is “best” for any specific patient, multiple factors have to be taken into consideration including the primary outcome of interest. In this study, the outcome of mucosal healing is considered.
Orbital Myositis in a Patient With Ileal Crohn's Disease in Remission on Vedolizumab
Authors: Sandhu Sunny , Wang Timothy , Donet Jean A. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Orbital myositis (OM) is an extremely rare ocular extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. Acute or chronic inflammation of one or more extraocular muscles leads to symptoms related to the mass effect including orbital pain, swelling, ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, and diplopia. Although the use of steroids typically leads to rapid resolution of symptoms, recurrence is common, necessitating long-term steroid-sparing therapies. Given the rare presentation of OM, its pathogenesis and optimal therapy are not well established. We present a young woman with Crohn's disease in remission on vedolizumab who developed OM, and we discuss our management approach.
The diffusion of sustainability through community-based climate action collaborations
Authors: boyle evan , McGookin Connor , de Bhailís Deirdre , Ó Gallachóir Brian , Mullally Gerard 
Published: May 2022

Dingle Peninsula 2030 or Corca Dhuibhne 2030 (Irish translation), is a collaborative project which is seeking to transition a region in the peripheral south-west of Ireland to a low-carbon, sustainable community by 2030. The project has employed a novel governance structure through the formation of a collaborative committee. This committee consists of representatives of a local not-for-profit (Mol Téic), a local community development organisation (NEWKD), Ireland’s national electricity distribution system operator (ESB Networks), and our research institute (MaREI). This transdisciplinary configuration is grounded within the local community, whilst also having capacity at a national level.
Despite emerging as recently as 2018, Dingle Peninsula 2030 acts as a community based, transdisciplinary collaboration that has had impact both at a local community level, and on a wider national and international stage. The project has gathered national media coverage, been designated as a living laboratory by the United Nations, and has a sent a delegation to COP-26 to discuss the role of community based initiatives for climate action. Here, we represent the local community impact of Dingle Peninsula 2030, to date. Central to this representation is the concept of the
diffusion of sustainability, across a range of sectors including energy, transport, agriculture, education, tourism and employment
. The concept of the
diffusion of sustainability is outlined in the paper as a means through which to categories the holistic impact which community led climate action projects can facilitate across a range of sectors.
Recognition of Geometric Images by Linguistic Method
Authors: Sargsyan Siranush , Hovakimyan Anna 
Published: May 2022

Image recognition is currently one of the fastest-growing areas in applied mathematics. Of the many methods for solving problems in this area, the grammatical (linguistic) method of pattern recognition is the least studied. The essence of the grammar method is to construct appropriate grammar for object classes. In this case, the object recognition problem is related to the language generated by the given grammar. Using the linguistic method, an algorithm and software for recognizing geometric images have been developed. While the development the following tasks were solved. Methods have been developed for describing geometric images (triangles, squares, polygons) and corresponding grammars have been constructed for them so that the chains generated by this grammar represent objects of this class. The problems of constructing given classes of geometric images, as well as constructing a grammar for each class, are solved.
At the training stage, classes are considered, each of which is described by a finite set of chains. To classify a new image, that is, to determine which class it belongs to, a parsing of the corresponding chain of this image was performed using grammars. Thus, the belonging of the chain to the language born by this grammar was clarified.
Positioning of female marriage immigrants in South Korea: a multimodal textbook analysis
Authors: Ahn So-Yeon , West Gordon Blaine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study examines a series of government textbooks used to teach Korean language and culture to spouses of South Korean nationals living in Korea. A multimodal analysis of textbook images and narratives explores how strictly defined gender identity discourses are constructed and circulated through these government textbooks in ways that not only seek to reinforce gender conventions, but also advance a conservative, assimilationist curriculum for these immigrants. The analysis reveals ways in which female marriage immigrants are positioned primarily as housekeepers; how they are subordinately positioned vis-à-vis in-laws and their husbands; and finally, how intercultural miscommunications are presented as the fault only of the immigrants. In this, the burden for intercultural communication and learning is placed solely on the immigrants in the multimodal narratives presented in the textbooks, without reciprocal burden ever placed on the spouse or spouse’s family, or effective ways of negotiating intercultural miscommunications being shared. Images and text work together in multimodal ensembles to craft narratives that position immigrant women in ways that textual or visual analysis alone would not fully capture. Thus, the study argues the use of multimodal analytical approach in examining language textbooks as a way of deconstructing broader discourses and disrupting problematic discourses.
A combined guidance and control concept for autonomous ferries
Authors: Helling Simon , Lutz Max , Meurer Thomas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Autonomous ferry operation in harbor and coastal areas is especially challenging due to the tendency to impose a high traffic density, prohibited areas, and a wide variety of different traffic participants to the automation task. To this end, we propose a concept for automated guidance and control of harbor ferry fleet operation. Subsequently, we differentiate guidance into a central, on-land scheduling unit and an on-ship trajectory planning unit that generates a set of waypoints and corresponding desired speeds by means of a flatness-based optimal control problem. Moreover, static obstacles are taken into account by means of a dual approach and the trajectory planning is linked to the control module realized as a path following model predictive control autopilot, which also handles dynamic obstacles.
VeLABi – Research and control center for autonomous inland vessels
Authors: Kracht Frédéric Etienne , Jarofka Maximilian , Oberhagemann Jan , Henn Rupert , Schramm Dieter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the conception and implementation of the research and control center VeLABi for the development of automation functions up to a fully autonomous inland vessel. A high-tech simulator was designed and built as the central component of VeLABi. It allows simulative developments and demonstrations of automation functions. Furthermore, ongoing research activities aim at transforming the simulator into a remote operators’ stand to remotely control inland vessels and, in case of an autonomous vessel, to provide corresponding monitoring and emergency intervention functions.
Oxytocin, the panacea for long-COVID? a review
Authors: Diep Phuoc-Tan , Chaudry Mohammed , Dixon Adam , Chaudry Faisal , Kasabri Violet 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In this hypothesis paper we explore the underlying mechanisms for long-COVID and how the oxytocinergic neurones could be infected by SARS-CoV-2 leading to a reduction in plasma oxytocin (OXT). Furthermore, we aim to review the relevance of OXT and hypothalamic function in recovery from long-COVID symptoms and pathology, through exploring the pro-health effects of the OXT neuropeptide.

Methods
A review of published literature was surveyed using Google Scholar and PubMed.

Results
Numerous experimental data can be shown to correlate with OXT and long-COVID symptoms and conditions, thus providing strong circumstantial evidence to support our hypothesis. It is postulated that the reduction in plasma OXT due to acute and post-viral damage to the hypothalamus and oxytocinergic neurones contributes to the variable multi-system, remitting and relapsing nature of long-COVID. The intranasal route of OXT application was determined to be most appropriate and clinically relevant for the restoration of oxytocinergic function post COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions
We believe it is imperative to further investigate whether OXT alleviates the prolonged suffering of patients with long-COVID. Succinctly, OXT may be the much-needed post-pandemic panacea.
Sobre ciber- en español: su naturaleza como unidad lingüística y análisis de las formaciones en las que interviene
Authors: Freixa Judit , Monterrubio Juan Miguel 
Published: May 2022

Resumen
En menos de treinta años, ciber- se ha convertido en un elemento sumamente productivo para la formación de nuevas palabras en español. Este trabajo estudia la naturaleza lingüística de este elemento. Aplicando el concepto de lingüística continua en la categorización de las unidades, se concluye que ciber-, procedente de un truncamiento no morfológico por apócope del inglés cybernetics, comparte más atributos con los elementos compositivos que con los prefijos. En relación con ello, se examinan diversos aspectos formales y se establecen los distintos comportamientos semánticos de esta unidad.