bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Display and Advertising of Roll-Your-Own Tobacco at Points-of-Sale in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru
Authors: Elicabe Emilia , Arnaudo María Belén , Moodie Crawford , Best Catherine , Alexandrou Georgia , Mejia Raúl 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
While roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco consumption is highest in Europe, increased sales are reported in Latin America. We are unaware of any research that explores the display and advertising of RYO tobacco in this region.

Aims and Methods
An observational study was conducted at tobacco-selling points-of-sale (POS, N = 2081) near schools in cities in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru between April and July 2023. In each of the 16 cities (four per country), schools were randomly selected and stratified according to neighborhood socioeconomic status, with all POS located in pre-established routes around schools observed. A codebook was used to assess the display of RYO tobacco and accessories (ie, rolling papers and filters) and the presence of advertising for these products. Logistic regressions were employed to estimate the association between the display of RYO tobacco and accessories (defined as being visible at the points-of-sale) and type of points-of-sale, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and city.

Results
Apart from a single store in Guatemala, RYO tobacco and accessories were only observed in Argentina, at 110 (21.5%) POS. In Argentina, RYO tobacco and accessories were more likely to be displayed in convenience and neighborhood stores compared to kiosks, in high and middle socioeconomic neighborhoods compared to low socioeconomic neighborhoods, and in Cordoba and Santa Rosa than in Quilmes and San Salvador de Jujuy. Advertising for RYO tobacco (1.8%) and accessories (3.1%) at POS was uncommon.

Conclusion
This study provides insight into RYO tobacco penetration in multiple Latin American countries, finding that the display of this product is largely restricted to Argentina.

Implications
Increasing sales of RYO tobacco have been reported in Latin America. Despite this, there is limited academic research on the consumption of RYO tobacco in this region and no research on its presence at the points-of-sale. This study provides insight into RYO tobacco and accessories penetration in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru, finding that the display of this product at points-of-sale is generally limited to Argentina. Continued monitoring of the display and marketing of this product is needed across these countries. Research in Argentina exploring how RYO tobacco and accessories are perceived by smokers and young people would be of value.
The Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition Among Infants and Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Riwa Francis P , Odgers-Jewell Kate , Jones Mark A , Mushi Andrew A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To explore the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years in sub-Saharan African countries.

Background
Despite substantial progress over the past 20 years, undernutrition has remained an alarming global challenge. Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where the prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years has significantly increased. This study seeks to update the evidence on the prevalence and determinants of childhood undernutrition in this vulnerable region.

Methods
This systematic scoping review was conducted following the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. Five electronic databases were searched on December 14, 2022, with no date or language restrictions. Primary studies presenting evidence on the prevalence and determinants of childhood undernutrition among infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years were included. Data on the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight, and on determinants of undernutrition were extracted, described, and compared with national survey data.

Results
A total of 59 publications from 11 countries were included, with most studies conducted in Ethiopia (n = 38) and Tanzania (n = 7). Stunting prevalence ranged from 8% to 64%, wasting prevalence ranged from 1% to 58%, and the prevalence of underweight ranged from 2% to 63%. The most frequently reported determinants of undernutrition were the child’s age (&gt;24 months), male sex, maternal illiteracy, diarrhea or illness in the past 2 weeks, low household socioeconomic status, or living in a larger household (n &gt; 4 members). Overall, 56% of the included studies reported higher stunting prevalence, 60% reported higher wasting prevalence, and 57% reported a higher prevalence of underweight than reported by relevant national surveys.

Conclusion
The prevalence of childhood undernutrition reported by primary studies is often higher than that reported by national surveys. Several immediate and underlying determinants influence childhood undernutrition. Future research should incorporate the findings from primary research to develop holistic, multistrategy approaches to address childhood undernutrition in sub-Saharan African countries.
Dynamics of Persistent Submicroscopic and Microscopic Plasmodium falciparum in Pregnant Women Under Intermittent Preventive Treatment: A Study Cohort in Benin
Authors: Jafari-Guemouri Sayeh , Dégbègni Robinson , Courtois Laura , Accrombessi Manfred , Massougbodji Achille , Ding Xavier C , Ndam Nicaise Tuikue , Mama Atika , Fievet Nadine , Sarrasin-Hubert Véronique , Cottrell Gilles , Briand Valérie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Malaria infections in pregnancy are a major cause of maternal morbidity and neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A high proportion of these infections are submicroscopic, which are usually asymptomatic and therefore untreated during pregnancy. Intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) aims to prevent and treat all potential infections whether submicroscopic or not. However, the resistance of parasites to SP is steadily increasing. The dynamic of microscopic and submicroscopic infections in a cohort of Beninese women throughout their pregnancy and its relation to IPTp-SP has been assessed.

Methods
As a subsample of the RECIPAL project, 130 women with at least 2 infections detected by polymerase chain reaction during their pregnancy were included. Infections were categorized as new (isolated) or persistent based on msp-2 genotyping, where persistent infections had identical genotypes in all studied time points. Submicroscopic infections were defined as polymerase chain reaction–positive and thick blood smear–negative. The persistence of infections according to IPTp-SP uptake was assessed.

Results
A total of 73.1% of women (95 women of 130) had exclusively persistent infections throughout their pregnancy, whereas only 7.7% (10 of 130) had exclusively new infections. During pregnancy, the median time spent with 1 persistent infection was 7.2 weeks. A considerable proportion of these persistent infections 64.3% (72 of 113) was only submicroscopic. Approximately 20% of these persistent infections occurred despite the use of IPTp-SP.

Conclusions
Using new antimalarial combinations could contribute to limit the persistence of submicroscopic infections and their probable negative effects on the mother and the fetus.
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 regulates secondary metabolism and confers manganese tolerance in Stylosanthes guianensis
Authors: Wang Linjie , Li Jifu , Liu Liting , Dong Rongshu , Liu Guodao , Rao Idupulapati M , Chen Zhijian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is a tropical legume that exhibits considerable tolerance to manganese (Mn) toxicity, which severely constrains plant growth in acidic soils. To elucidate the Mn detoxification mechanisms in stylo, this study investigated the excess Mn-regulated metabolic profile of stylo roots and examined the role of metabolic enzymes in Mn tolerance. Excess Mn triggered oxidative stress in the 2 stylo genotypes tested. However, Mn-stimulated activation of antioxidant defense systems was observed in the Mn-tolerant genotype RY5 but not in the Mn-sensitive genotype TF0317. Metabolomic analysis of the Mn-tolerant RY5 roots revealed numerous excess Mn-responsive metabolites, mainly related to flavonoids and phenolic acids. Furthermore, a set of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway were upregulated by excess Mn in stylo roots, especially in RY5. We characterized the excess Mn-inducible gene SgPAL2, encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. SgPAL2 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Compared with control plants, SgPAL2 overexpression led to increases in shoot and root dry weights under Mn-excess conditions, whereas SgPAL2 suppression had the opposite effect. Moreover, SgPAL2 overexpression dramatically altered secondary metabolism, particularly flavonoid metabolism. In a bioassay, the inhibition of root elongation caused by excess Mn was alleviated by treatment with exogenous calycosin, an SgPAL2-regulated isoflavonoid, suggesting calycosin can detoxify Mn. Taken together, these findings indicate that SgPAL2 plays a critical role in enhancing Mn tolerance in stylo through metabolic regulation.
Wildland fire entrainment: The missing link between wildland fire and its environment
Authors: Linn Rodman R , Hiers John Kevin , O’Brien Joseph J , Yedinak Kara , Hoffman Chad , Canfield Jesse , Robinson David , Goodrick Scott 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Wildfires are growing in destructive power, and accurately predicting the spread and intensity of wildland fire is essential for managing ecological and societal impacts. No current operational models used for fire behavior prediction resolve critical fire-atmospheric coupling or nonlocal influences of the fire environment, rendering them inadequate in accounting for the range of wildland fire behavior scenarios under increasingly novel fuel and climate conditions. Here, we present a new perspective on a dominant fire-atmospheric feedback mechanism, which we term wildland fire entrainment (WFE). WFE is the fluid motion associated with air movement toward the fire driven by pressure gradients created by buoyant updrafts, and through integration of nonlocal influences on fire behavior, it plays a pivotal role in predicting wildland fire spread. WFE dynamically integrates all aspects of a fire's surrounding environment, fuels, topography, winds and fire line geometry to rate and pattern of fire spread and energy release. Because WFE explicitly incorporates fire-induced buoyancy, it links recent advances in idealized combustion research to the dynamic and highly variable wildland fire environment. Incorporating WFE into emerging fire models will allow more robust predictions of fire behavior and spread.
Enhancing molecular oxygen activation by nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating FeNi alloys with ultra-low Pt loading
Authors: Zhu Dandan , Huang Yu , Shi Xianjin , Li Rong , Wang Zhenyu , Peng Wei , Cao Junji , Lee Shuncheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Modulating the electronic structure of noble metals via electronic metal–support interaction (EMSI) has been proven effectively for facilitating molecular oxygen activation and catalytic oxidation reactions. Nevertheless, the investigation of the fundamental mechanisms underlying activity enhancement has primarily focused on metal oxides as supports, especially in the catalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds. In this study, a novel Pt catalyst supported on nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating FeNi alloy, featuring ultrafine Pt nanoparticles, was synthesized. This catalyst demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity (92%), recyclability, and water tolerance for the deep oxidation of formaldehyde at room temperature. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations revealed a directional electron transfer from FeNi alloy to Pt, even there is no direct contact between them. This electron penetration effect, mediated by carbon, conferred electron-rich properties to Pt, leading to the activation of molecular oxygen by elongating O–O bond length (1.405 Å). Consequently, efficient formaldehyde removal was achieved with an ultra-low Pt loading. This investigation offers a novel perspective on modulating the electronic structure of Pt by engineering a unique EMSI effect between a nonoxide support and active species, thereby enabling efficient oxygen activation for air purification.
Mitochondria-targeting Nanomedicines with Autophagy Inhibitor to Enhance Cancer Photothermal-Chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Shuqi , Gao Wenxia , Chang Shuhua , He Bin , Zhang Congbo , Liu Miaochang , Ye Xueting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we fabricated nanomedicines with mitochondrial targeting function and autophagy inhibitor for enhancing cancer photothermal-chemotherapy. The nanoparticles were fabricated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as cores and amphiphilic dextran with (3-carboxypropyl) triphenyl phosphorus bromide and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modification (TPP-DCD) as shells, the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) were encapsulated in the nanoparticles. The TPP-DCD was synthesized via the immobilization of 2-aminoethanethiol modified β-CD and (3-carboxypropyl) triphenylphosphonium bromide on dextran to receive coordination interaction with AuNPs and mitochondria targeting. The size, morphology, and properties of the Au@DOX/CQ@TPP-DCD nanoparticles were studied. The nanomedicines efficiently targeted cellular mitochondria to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and photothermal effect under NIR irradiation. The released DOX and CQ could not only kill tumor cells directly but also inhibit the autophagy of cancer cells to enhance therapeutic effects. Both in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of the nanomedicines were investigated in detail. The in vivo imaging demonstrated that the Au@DOX/CQ@TPP-DCD nanomedicines exhibited efficient targeting, accumulation, and retention in tumor-bearing mice. The cancer cells apoptosis and tumor suppression were greatly accelerated with the addition of 808 nm NIR irradiation, the Au@DOX/CQ@TPP-DCD nanomedicine exhibited significant synergistic therapy as 75% tumors on mice were disappeared. The Au@DOX/CQ@TPP-DCD nanoparticle is a promising nanomedicine for cancer therapy with synergistic effects.
Seryl‐tRNA synthetase inhibits Wnt signaling and breast cancer progression and metastasis
Authors: Jiang Lei , Wang Justin , Liu Ze , Zhang Qian , Yang Xiang‐Lei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTumors require ample protein synthesis to grow, and aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases, as critical translation factors, are expected to support cancer progression. Unexpectedly, overexpression of seryl‐tRNA synthetase (SerRS) suppresses primary tumor growth of breast cancer. However, the effects of SerRS on metastasis have not been studied. We observe a decrease in SerRS expression in breast cancer patient metastases compared with matched primary tumors, suggesting an inhibitory role of SerRS in metastasis. Through mouse metastasis models using breast cancer cell lines overexpressing SerRS, we show that SerRS impedes not only primary tumor growth but also establishment of metastases, and the effect of SerRS on metastasis can be independent of its impact on the primary tumor. SerRS also inhibits tumor growth with induced, post‐tumor‐onset overexpression, demonstrating its potential as an anticancer therapeutic. Tumor RNA‐seq analysis identified Wnt signaling among the top SerRS‐regulated pathways. Using cell‐based studies, we confirm SerRS suppresses Wnt signaling and metastatic processes in breast cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a component of the translation machinery can act as both a tumor and metastasis suppressor.
Hsf1 is essential for proteotoxic stress response in smyd1b‐deficient embryos and fish survival under heat shock
Authors: Xiao Huanhuan , Li Mofei , Zhong Yongwang , Patel Avani , Xu Rui , Zhang Chenyu , Athey Thomas W. , Fang Shengyun , Xu Tianjun , Du Shaojun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMolecular chaperones play critical roles in post‐translational maintenance in protein homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that loss of Smyd1b function results in defective myofibril organization and dramatic upregulation of heat shock protein gene (hsp) expression in muscle cells of zebrafish embryos. To investigate the molecular mechanisms and functional importance of this stress response, we characterized changes of gene expression in smyd1b knockdown and knockout embryos using RNA‐seq. The results showed that the top upregulated genes encode mostly cytosolic heat shock proteins. Co‐IP assay revealed that the upregulated cytosolic Hsp70s associate with myosin chaperone UNC45b which is critical for myosin protein folding and sarcomere assembly. Strikingly, several hsp70 genes also display muscle‐specific upregulation in response to heat shock‐induced stress in zebrafish embryos. To investigate the regulation of hsp gene upregulation and its functional significance in muscle cells, we generated heat shock factor 1 (hsf−/‐) knockout zebrafish mutants and analyzed hsp gene expression and muscle phenotype in the smyd1b−/−single and hsf1−/−;smyd1b−/− double‐mutant embryos. The results showed that knockout of hsf1 blocked the hsp gene upregulation and worsened the muscle defects in smyd1b−/− mutant embryos. Moreover, we demonstrated that Hsf1 is essential for fish survival under heat shock (HS) conditions. Together, these studies uncover a correlation between Smyd1b deficiency and the Hsf1‐activated heat shock response (HSR) in regulating muscle protein homeostasis and myofibril assembly and demonstrate that the Hsf1‐mediated hsp gene upregulation is vital for the survival of zebrafish larvae under thermal stress conditions.
Inhibition of ASIC1a reduces ferroptosis in rheumatoid arthritis articular chondrocytes via the p53/NRF2/SLC7A11 pathway
Authors: Tang Jie , Liu Wenqiang , Li Zihan , Shen Can , Zhang Longbiao , Wang Cheng , Wang Fengshuo , Zai Zhuoyan , Qian Xuewen , Hu Weirong , Zhang Xiaoyue , Peng Xiaoqing , Xu Yayun , Chen Feihu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe activation of acid‐sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in response to extracellular acidification leads to an increase in extracellular calcium influx, thereby exacerbating the degeneration of articular chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been suggested that the inhibition of extracellular calcium influx could potentially impede chondrocyte ferroptosis. The cystine transporter, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), is recognized as a key regulator of ferroptosis. Recent studies suggest that the tumor suppressor gene p53 facilitates the induction of ferroptosis by suppressing the upregulation of SLC7A11. This process is mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor integral to the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis and the regulation of inflammatory responses. This study aims to investigate the role of ASIC1a in the ferroptosis of RA chondrocytes and to determine the involvement of the p53/NRF2/SLC7A11 pathway in its underlying mechanism. In vitro experiments revealed that acidosis induces ferroptosis and reduces the expression of NRF2 and SLC7A11 in chondrocytes. Moreover, acidification significantly increased p53 protein levels in chondrocytes. Pifithrin‐α (PFN‐α), a p53 inhibitor, mitigated acidosis‐induced ferroptosis and restored the diminished expression of NRF2 and SLC7A11. Furthermore, PcTx‐1, an ASIC1a inhibitor, inhibited acidification‐induced ferroptosis, enhanced the protein levels of SLC7A11 and NRF2, and reduced p53 expression. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the ASIC1a‐specific inhibitor PcTx‐1 ameliorated histopathological characteristics of ankle joints in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mice, decreased p53 expression, and enhanced NRF2 and SLC7A11 expression in chondrocytes. These findings suggest that ASIC1a inhibition may mitigate acidification‐induced ferroptosis in articular chondrocytes in RA, potentially via the p53/NRF2/SLC7A11 pathway.
A Core Outcome Set for Adult General ICU Patients
Authors: Kjær Maj-Brit Nørregaard , Bruun Camilla Rahbek Lysholm , Granholm Anders , Møller Morten Hylander , Rasmussen Bodil Steen , Mortensen Camilla Bekker , Poulsen Lone Museaus , Strøm Thomas , Laerkner Eva , Brøchner Anne Craveiro , Haberlandt Trine , Bunzel Anne-Marie Gellert , Herløv Louise Stenbryggen , Holm Anna , Sivapalan Praleene , Estrup Stine , Cronhjort Maria , Schandl Anna , Laake Jon Henrik , Hofsø Kristin , Blokzijl Fredrike , Keus Frederik , Pfortmueller Carmen Andrea , Ostermann Marlies , Cole Jade M. , Wise Matt P. , Szczeklik Wojciech , Wludarczyk Anna , Jovaiša Tomas , Cecconi Maurizio , Sigurdsson Martin Ingi , Nalos Marek , Hästbacka Johanna , Mäkinen Marja , Hammond Naomi , Litton Edward , Haines Kimberley , Myatra Sheila Nainan , Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi , Yadav Kavita , Jha Vivekanand , Venkatesh Balasubramanian , Egerod Ingrid , Perner Anders , Collet Marie O. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives:
Randomized clinical trials informing clinical practice (e.g., like large, pragmatic, and late-phase trials) should ideally mostly use harmonized outcomes that are important to patients, family members, clinicians, and researchers. Core outcome sets for specific subsets of ICU patients exist, for example, respiratory failure, delirium, and COVID-19, but not for ICU patients in general. Accordingly, we aimed to develop a core outcome set for adult general ICU patients.

Design:
We developed a core outcome set in Denmark following the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Handbook. We used a modified Delphi consensus process with multiple methods design, including literature review, survey, semi-structured interviews, and discussions with initially five Danish research panels. The core outcome set was internationally validated and revised based on feedback from research panels in all countries.

Setting:
There were five Danish research panels and 17 panels in 13 other countries. Interviews and the three-round Delphi survey was conducted in Denmark, followed by validation of the core outcome set across 14 countries in Europe, Australasia, and India.

Subjects:
Adult ICU survivors, family members, clinicians, and researchers.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We identified 329 published outcomes, of which 50 were included in the 264 participant Delphi survey. In semi-structured interviews of 82, no additional outcomes were added. The first Delphi survey round was completed by 249 (94%) participants, and 202 (82%) contributed to the third and final round. The initial core outcome set comprised six outcomes. International validation involved 217 research panel members and resulted in the final core outcome set comprising survival, free of life support, free of delirium, out of hospital, health-related quality of life, and cognitive function.

Conclusions:
We developed and internationally validated a core outcome set with six core outcomes to be used in research, specifically clinical trials involving adult general ICU patients.