bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cognitive structure of the word-formation system and methodological issues of teaching of the Kazakh language
Authors: Abitova Zhanar , Suleimenova Zharkynbike , Turgunov Yerkinbek 
Published: January 2022

Human beings understand and interpret what is happening around them in their mother tongue. It is a fact that in recent years, language teaching has been given importance as a communication tool. Each language carries out the processes of understanding and explaining, consisting of its own specific structures and rules. In terms of the basic language skills involved in these two processes, the behaviours and methods of language learners and teachers who will ensure that they can use their mother tongue correctly are very important. The historical development of multilingualism in Kazakhstan consists of several stages. Multilingualism has brought with it problems in Kazakh teaching in Kazakhstan. For this purpose, it is important to determine the opinions of classroom teachers about teaching the Kazakh language in terms of word structure, the suitability of the contents of the textbooks, and the qualifications of teachers in language teaching. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with 19 classroom teachers working in Kazakhstan. In this study, the findings obtained using the qualitative research method were analysed in detail. It has been concluded that there are points where the contents of the textbooks are not suitable for the classroom teachers, the methods and techniques they use in language teaching are insufficient and these inadequacies cause problems.
Keywords: Kazakh, language teaching, method and technique, language, speaking
Al-Manhâj al-Fiqhî ‘Inda Jamâ’ah “Muassah al-Da’wah al-Islâmiyah al-Indûnîsiyah” (Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia) wa Âtsâruhu Fî Istinbâth al-Ahkâm al-Syar’iyyah
Authors: Moh. Abdul Kholiq Hasan  , Iskandar Dzulkarnain  , Muh. Nashirudin  
Published: January 2022

Indonesian Islamic Da’wa Institution or Lembaga Dakwah Islam Indonesia (LDII) tends to embrace exclusivity and takfiri ideology. This article attempts to reveal the fiqh manhaj (method) that LDII employs and its influences on the legal decisions LDII takes by employing the library research method in descriptive qualitative type. The content analysis in tandem with document triangulation and structured interviews were applied to investigate the textual references LDII uses. The findings indicate that LDII employs a fiqh manhaj called manqul. This influences the law istinbath of LDII. Mandatory to remain in the congregation (jamaah), taking the oath of allegiance to the leader of the jamaah, the claim by the jamaah leader of the right to construct sharia law, license to lie, and takfiri are some controversial products of the manqul. With takfiri as the most dangerous product of the manqul, it befalls the government of Indonesia to watch over this jamaah.
اشتهرت مؤسسة الدعوة الإسلامية الإندونيسية أو ما يسمى بـــ LDII بتكفيرها على جميع المسلمين سوى جماعتهم. وتهدف هذه الدراسة لمعرفة أصل المنهج الفقهي عند هذه الجماعة وآثاره في استنباط الأحكام الشرعية عندهم. واعتمدت الدراسة على منهج البحث الوصفي التحليلي، بطريقة تحليل المحتوي أو ما يسمى بــ (content analysis). وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى القول بأن أصل المنهج الفقهي عند هذه الجماعة هو ما يسمى بـ"المنقول". وإن لهذا المنهج الفقهي أثار كبير في استنباط الأحكام الشرعية عند هذه الجماعة. ومن بينها: لزوم الناس لجماعتهم، وجوب البيعة لإمامهم، وجوب الإنفاق، ادعاء إمامهم أن لهم حقّ في تشريع الأحكام، إباحة التقية أو الكذب على الآخرين. ومن أخطر هذه المخالفات تكفيرهم لجميع المسلمين ممن ليسوا من جماعتهم. لأن هذا الاستنباط له أثر سيئ لوحدة الشعب، ولذا على حكومة إندونيسيا أن تتنبه دائما تجاه هذه الجماعة المنحرفة.
Determining the Pension Benefit Obligation of a Defined Benefit Plan: Applying a Multivariate ARIMA Stochastic Model
Authors: Query Jeffrey Tim , Diz Evaristo 
Published: January 2022

<p>In this study we examine the robustness of fit for a multivariate and an autoregressive integrated moving average model to a data sample time series type. The sample is a recurrent actuarial data set for a 10-year horizon. We utilize this methodology to contrast with stochastic models to make projections beyond the data horizon. Our key results suggest that both types of models are useful for making predictions of actuarial liability levels given by PBO Projected Benefit Obligations on and off the horizon of the sample time series. As we have seen in prior research, the use of multivariate models for control and auditing purposes is widely recommended. Fast and reliable statistical estimates are desirable in all cases, whether for audit purposes or to verify and validate miscellaneous actuarial results.</p>
Konsep Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar al-Ghazali dan Relevansinya dengan Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri
Authors: Mun'im Zainul 
Published: January 2022

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><em>Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din </em>is one of the most studied books in the pesantren, especially in the pesantren of Sidogiri. The main reason is because the book has been considered as a book of sufism with high values of moderation. This study aims to identify the moderation values of da'wah in the <em>Ihya’</em> and examine its effect on the da'wah paradigm of pesantren of Sidogiri. This study uses Gadamer's hermeneutic approach to connect the theory in the <em>ihya'</em> and the reality of da'wah at the pesantren of Sidogiri. Data obtained through documentation, interviews and observations. This study shows that the concept of da'wah in the <em>Ihya’</em> is full of high values of religious moderation. This can be understood from the concept of <em>amr ma'ruf nahi munkar</em> which al-Ghazali explained in his work. This research also shows that the moderation value in the <em>Ihya’</em> affects the da’wah paradigm of pesantren of Sidogiri which is moderate and full of persuasive approaches.</p>
Physical and Mechanical Behaviors of Red Sandstones and Marbles after High-Temperature Treatment
Authors: Yang Hanqing , Wu Xuezhen , Jing Hongwen , Yu Liyuan , Liu Richeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deep geothermal energy is of great strategic importance for the development of the energy industry. In the process of geothermal energy extraction, temperature changes will significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass. To investigate the influence of temperature on the physical and mechanical properties of red sandstones and marbles, the uniaxial compression test, variable-angle shear test, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test, and SEM test were conducted on the red sandstone and marble specimens treated by 9 temperature levels (from 25°C to 800°C). The results show that the porosity is positively correlated with the temperature regardless of rock types. The peak strength of red sandstones during uniaxial compression increases first when temperature increases from 25°C to 400°C and then decreases when temperature increases from 400°C to 800°C, whereas the peak strength of marbles exhibits a first decreasing (from 25°C to 300°C), then increasing (from 300°C to 600°C) and finally decreasing (from 600°C to 800°C) trend. Similarly, the shear strength and cohesion of red sandstones increase first and then decrease as temperature rises from 25°C to 800°C, despite of the predesigned shearing angle, which is opposite to the variation in frictional angle. The variations in physical and mechanical behavior are closely related to the expansion of the constituent grains or groundmass which make up the rock composition and closure of pores. Additionally, the temperature in the range from 400°C to 600°C plays an important role to evaluate the variations in the physical and mechanical characteristics of red sandstones and marbles after high-temperature exposure, because of the stress, strain, and porosity change dramatically.
Assessment of Lost Circulation Material Particle-Size Distribution on Fracture Sealing: A Numerical Study
Authors: Lee Lu , Dahi Taleghani Arash 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Lost circulation materials (LCMs) are essential to combat fluid loss while drilling and may put the whole operation at risk if a proper LCM design is not used. The focus of this research is understanding the function of LCMs in sealing fractures to reduce fluid loss. One important consideration in the success of fracture sealing is the particle-size distribution (PSD) of LCMs. Various studies have suggested different guidelines for obtaining the best size distribution of LCMs for effective fracture sealing based on limited laboratory experiments or field observations. Hence, there is a need for sophisticated numerical methods to improve the LCM design by providing some predictive capabilities. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element methods (DEM) numerical simulations are coupled to investigate the influence of PSD of granular LCMs on fracture sealing. Dimensionless variables were introduced to compare cases with different PSDs. We validated the CFD-DEM model in reproducing specific laboratory observations of fracture-sealing experiments within the model boundary parameters. Our simulations suggested that a bimodally distributed blend would be the most effective design in comparison to other PSDs tested here.
Occurrence and Influencing Factors of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Sediments of the Largest Multi-habitat Lakes in Northern China
Authors: Wang Tongfei , Zhang Weijun , Zhang Meiyi , Liao Guiying , Li Liqing , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Baiyangdian Lake is a typical and largest multi-habitat lake in the North plain of China. To understand the generation and transmission of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in multi-habitat lakes, the contents of nutrients (TC, TOC, TN, TP and TS), heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, As, Cd and Hg), 22 antibiotics, 16S-rRNA(16S), Class I integron (intI1) and 20 ARGs were determined. Samples were taken from the Fuhe river, river estuaries, reed marshes, living area, fish poods and open water of Baiyangdian Lake. The results showed that quinolones (QNs) were the main pollutants, and the content range was ND-104.94 ng/g. Thereinto, aac (6') -IB, blaTEM-1, ermF, qnrA, qnrD, tetG, sul1, sul2 and tetM were detected in 100%. The absolute abundance of sul1 was the highest (5.25×105copies/g-6.21×107 copies/g), which was the dominant ARGs. In these different habitats, the abundance of antibiotics and ARGs in river estuary was the highest, and that in reed marshes was the lowest. There was a significant positive correlation between the abundance of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Hg) and the absolute abundance of 11 ARGs (P<0.01). Redundancy analysis showed that Cu, Zn, intI1, TP and macrolides (MLs) were the important factors affecting the distribution of ARGs. Our findings provides a more likely driving and influencing factor for the transmission of ARGs in lakes with complex and diverse habitats.
Dynamic molecular ordering in multiphasic nanoconfined ionogels detected with time-resolved diffusion NMR
Authors: Karagianni Marina , Gkoura Lydia , Tsolakis Nikolaos , Romanos Georgios , Orfanidis Savvas , Panopoulos Nikolaos , Alhassan Saeed , Chatzichristos Aris , Hassan Jamal , Fardis Michael , Papavassiliou Georgios 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Molecular motion in nanosized channels can be highly complicated. For example, water molecules in hydrophobic nanopores move rapidly and coherently in a chain, following the so-called single file motion. Surprisingly, fast molecular motion is also observed in viscous charged fluids, such as room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) confined in a nanoporous carbon or silica matrix. The microscopic mechanism of this intriguing effect is still unclear. Here, by combining NMR diffusion experiments in different relaxation windows with ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the imidazolium-based RTIL [BMIM]+[TCM]-, entrapped in the MCM-41 silica nanopores, exhibits a complex dynamic molecular ordering (DMO); adsorbed RTIL molecules near the pore walls orient almost vertically to the walls, while at the center of the pores anion-cation pairs diffuse collectively in a single file (SFD). Enlightening this extraordinary effect is of primary importance in designing RTIL-based composite materials with tuned electrochemical properties.
Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and its Effects on Sub-Health and Insomnia: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Medical Students
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Ming , Zhou Zhiqing , Huang Long , Zhu Ergang , Yu Liang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective

This study aimed to assess the Chinese medical students’ smartphone addiction and its effects on sub-health and insomnia.
Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 14 October 2020 to 14 November 2020, by administering an online questionnaire to the students of Wannan Medical College.
Results

Of 2741 students who completed the survey, 1,447 (52.8%) had smartphone addiction. Don’t like the major(p=0.004),alcohol consumption (p=0.001),bring smartphone to bed(p= 0.000),depression(p=0.000) and anxiety(p=0.000) strong associations of smartphone addiction.The impacts of smartphone addiction on sub-health(p=0.000) and insomnia(p=0.000) are significantly.
Conclusion

This survey shows that the smartphone addiction detection rate of medical students was 52.8%. Don’t like the major, alcohol consumption,bring smartphone to bed,depression and anxiety students had a higher smartphone addiction detection rate. The sub-health and insomnia of medical students are associated with smartphone addiction.
Gas Permeability Change With Deformation and Cracking of a Sandstone Under Triaxial Compressiongas Permeability Change With Deformation and Cracking of a Sandstone Under Triaxial Compression
Authors: LIN Yuan-Jian , LIU Jiang-Feng , CHEN Tao , HUANG Bing-Xiang , Judith Kundwa Marie , BAI Hai-Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a THMC (Thermal-Hydrological-Mechanical-Chemical) multi-field coupling triaxial cell was used to systematically study the evolution of gas permeability and the deformation characteristics of sandstone. The effects of confining pressure, axial pressure, and air pressure on gas permeability characteristics were fully considered in the test. The gas permeability of sandstone decreases with increasing confining pressure. When the confining pressure is low, the variation of gas permeability is greater than the variation of gas permeability at high confining pressure. The gas injection pressure has a significant effect on the gas permeability evolution of sandstone. As the gas injection pressure increases, the gas permeability of sandstone tends to decrease. At the same confining pressure, the gas permeability of the sample during the unloading path is less than the gas permeability of the sample in the loading path. When axial pressure is applied, it has a significant influence on the permeability evolution of sandstone. When the axial pressure is less than 30 MPa, the gas permeability of the sandstone increases as the axial pressure increases. At axial pressures greater than 30 MPa, the permeability decreases as the axial pressure increases. Finally, the micro-pore/fracture structure of the sample after the gas permeability test was observed using 3D X-ray CT imaging.
Effect of Tango on Motor Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: WANG Xiao , SHEN Hong , WANG Yixin , MA Hongtao , LIANG Yujie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: In this study, we systematically reviewed the efficacy of tango in alleviating the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: We searched internet databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science Core collection, and CNKI, for studies examining the effects of tango on the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson's disease, published from September 2021 to date. All types of tango intervention, including traditional tango, Argentinian tango, and adapted tango, were examined in our review. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of methodologies used in the included studies. RevMan 5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.Result: Eleven studies that included 390 Parkinson's patients met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis indicated that after tango, PD patients showed a considerable decrease in the overall severity of motor symptoms and improvement in balance, functional mobility, fast gait velocity, preferred gait velocity, stride length, and gait cadence. Compared with exercise, tango showed stronger effects on balance and functional mobility; however, no significant differences in the severity of motor symptoms, fast gait velocity, or preferred gait velocity were observed between the group treated using tango and that treated using exercise.Conclusion: Interventions using tango may help alleviate the severity of motor symptoms, and specifically promote balance and functional mobility, in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, except for improving balance and functional mobility, tango showed no significant advantages over exercise in alleviation of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Landslide Hazard Assessment and Runout Simulation by Utilizing Remote Sensing, Geophysical, and Geological Techniques
Authors: Ullah Faheem , Su Li-jun , Cheng Li , Alam Mehtab 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Landslide events in Karakorum ranges are frequent and have already damaged local infrastructures and roads. In the hilly regions, landslide characterization and predicting its deposition pattern are essential for accurate engineering hazard assessment. To this end, numerical simulation models are commonly used tools. However, appropriate model parameters are often not available to predict and generate real landslide scenarios. This work describes the use of multidisciplinary techniques to estimate the model parameters for a slope prone to landslide and simulate the hazard level. The first important parameter, landslide boundary, and dynamics were estimated from temporal satellite images by identifying the areas with prominent deformations using the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique. The susceptible subsurface strata volume and the possible landslide initiation depth were determined with the electrical resistivity method. In addition, voxel 3D electrical resistivity models were created to present the depth of the existing rupture and the nature of subsurface strata. The soil mechanical parameters were calculated during field visits and laboratory tests. The parameters adopted from different techniques helped simulate the susceptible landslide volume and initiation depth. These parameters are a critical factor in developing an accurate high-speed landslide model through numerical simulation. The applied methodology is vital to understand the dynamics of a particular slope and perform accurate engineering hazard assessment with numerical simulation. The results are essential to predict the potential deposition areas of the landslide event accurately, minimize the risk level, and take proactive mitigation measures.
An Alternative Method for Adrenal Venous Sampling in Cases in Which Right Adrenal Vein Sampling is Difficult
Authors: Yamamoto Akira , Fukunaga Takeshi , Takeuchi Mitsuru , Nakamura Hiroki , Kanki Akihiko , Higaki Atsushi , Tamada Tsutomu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
PurposeCatheterization of the right adrenal vein (rt.AdV) to obtain blood samples can often be difficult. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether blood sampling from the inferior vena cava (IVC) at its juncture with the rt.AdV can be an alternative to sampling of blood directly from the rt.AdV.Materials and MethodsThis study included 44 patients diagnosed with primary aldosteronism (PA) in whom AVS with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was performed, resulting in a diagnosis of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) (n=24), and patients diagnosed with unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) (n=20; rt.APA=8, lt.APA=12). In addition to regular blood sampling, blood was also sampled from the IVC, as the substitute rt.AdV [S-rt.AdV]. Diagnostic performance with the conventional lateralized index (LI) and the modified LI using the S-rt.AdV was compared to examine the utility of the modified LI.ResultsThe modified LI of the rt.APA (0.4±0.4) was significantly lower than those of the IHA (1.4±0.7) (p<0.001) and the lt.APA (3.5±2.0) (p<0.001). The modified LI of the lt.APA was significantly higher than those of the IHA (p<0.001) and rt.APA (p<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity to diagnose rt.APA and lt.APA using the modified LI with threshold values of 0.7 and 2.2, respectively, they were 87% and 75%, respectively, and 94% and 94%, respectively.ConclusionThe modified LI has the potential to be an alternative method for rt.AdV sampling in cases in which rt.AdV sampling is difficult. Obtaining the modified LI is extremely simple, which might complement conventional AVS.
Transcriptomic Analysis of the White-rot Basidiomycete Lentinus Squarrosulus to Provide Insights Into Its Lignocellulose Biodegradation Ability
Authors: Ravichandran Aarthi , Kolte Atul , Dhali Arindam , Gopinath S , Srid Manpal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundBasidiomycetes are of special interest in biotechnological research for their versatile potential in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass, chiefly attributed to ligninolytic enzymes along with exo, endo β-glucanases, xylanases, esterases, pectinases, mannanases, cellobiohydrolases, polysaccharide monooxygenases. Relatively little is known about the metabolic process and the subsequent polysaccharide degradation. Transcriptomic analysis of lignicolous fungi grown on different substrates, although attempted by researchers, has focused on a fairly small group of species reporting the expression of fungal genes in response to lignocellulosic biomass as a substrate. This study accordingly reports analysis of transcriptome of a white-rot Basidiomycete L.squarrosulus grown in simple potato dextrose broth supplemented with aromatic compound, reactive black dye to gain an insight into the degradation ability of the fungus. RNA was sequenced using Illumina NextSeq 500 to obtain 6,679,162 high-quality paired-end reads that were assembled de novo using CLC assembly cells to generate 25,244 contigs. Putative functions were assigned for the 10,494 transcripts based on sequence similarities through BLAST2GO 5.2 and Function annotator.ResultsFunctional assignments revealed enhanced oxidoreductase activity through the expression of diverse biomass-degrading enzymes and their corresponding coregulators. CAZyme analysis through dbCAN and CUPP revealed the presence of 6 families of polysaccharide lyases, 51 families of glycoside hydrolases, 23 families of glycoside transferases, 7 families of carbohydrate esterases and 10 families of auxiliary activities. Genes encoding ligninolytic enzymes and auxiliary activities among the transcript sequences were identified through gene prediction by AUGUSTUS and FGENESH. Biochemical analysis of several biomass-degrading enzymes substantiated the functional predictions.ConclusionIn essence, L. squarrosulus grown in a simple medium devoid of lignocellulosic substrate demonstrated the presence of a repertoire of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, simplying that a source of lignocellulose is not required for the expression of these biomass-degrading enzymes. This study on the transcriptome analysis of L. squarrosulus revealed significant facts on this front and will definitely enhance the knowledge about the biodegradative ability of this fungus, potentially paving the way for efficient biotechnological applications utilizing its potency in biomass degradation and its future functional exploitation in biomass conversion applications.