bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study of age‐defined hematologic inflammatory markers related to pediatric COVID‐19 diagnosis
Authors: Üstündağ Yasemin , G. Kazanci Elif , Koloğlu Rahime F. , Çağlak Hatice A. , Yildirim Fatih , Y. Arikan Elif , Huysal Kağan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine age‐related differences in hemogram parameters and hematologic inflammatory markers in pediatric patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThis retrospective study included children aged 2 months to 18 years (n = 208) who have a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 and a control group comprising 117 healthy children between February 2021 and July 2021. The analysis of subgroup hematological values were performed according to the children's age cutoffs.ResultsThe most significant difference between pediatric patients with COVID‐19 and controls were peripheral blood eosinophil counts and eosinophil‐to‐monocyte ratio (EMR) levels on admission. The levels of monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, aggeregate index of systemic inflammation (neutrophil × platelet × monocyte/lymphocyte), neutrophil‐to‐ lymphocyte × platelet ratio, and systemic inflammation response index (neutrophil × monocyte/ lymphocyte) were higher in patients than in controls. EMR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.777, with a cutoff value of 0.26. The sensitivity for EMR was 75% under 2 years of age, and between 78.6–87.5% in the other age groups.ConclusionIn children younger than 6 months, the discriminative power of hematological indices is low, while the discriminative power of EMR is high at all ages when age appropriate cutoffs are used. Hematological inflammatory parameters may be particularly practical in pediatric clinics to help identify COVID‐19 infection.
Constructing meaningful transitions in a vulnerable situation—The role of lifelong learning policies in European regions
Authors: Rambla Xavier , Kovacheva Siyka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article draws on interviews with 164 young beneficiaries (of) and 128 professionals in charge of lifelong learning policies in eighteen regions located in nine member states of the European Union in 2017. Drawing on the concept of ‘opportunity structures’, we analyse variations between regional institutional arrangements and interactions between professionals and young adults. Our findings suggest that the crux of lifelong learning policies is the coordination between different policy areas so that they can respond to the multidimensional challenges that young adults face during their life transitions in diverse regional contexts.
Cell origin and niche availability dictate the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to colonize the cavity and omentum
Authors: Louwe Pieter A. , Forbes Stuart J. , Bénézech Cécile , Pridans Clare , Jenkins Stephen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe relationship between macrophages of the peritoneal cavity and the adjacent omentum remains poorly understood. Here, we describe two populations of omental macrophages distinguished by CD102 expression and use an adoptive cell transfer approach to investigate whether these arise from peritoneal macrophages, and whether this depends upon inflammatory status, the origin of peritoneal macrophages and availability of the omental niches. We show that whereas established resident peritoneal macrophages largely fail to migrate to the omentum, monocyte‐derived resident cells readily migrate and form a substantial component of omental CD102+ macrophages in the months following resolution of peritoneal inflammation. In contrast, both populations had the capacity to migrate to the omentum in the absence of endogenous peritoneal and omental macrophages. However, inflammatory macrophages expanded more effectively and more efficiently repopulated both CD102+ and CD102− omental populations, whereas established resident macrophages partially reconstituted the omental niche via recruitment of monocytes. Hence, cell origin determines the migration of peritoneal macrophages to the omentum and predisposes established resident macrophages to drive infiltration of monocyte‐derived cells.
The multidimensional nature of privacy risks: Conceptualisation, measurement and implications for digital services
Authors: Karwatzki Sabrina , Trenz Manuel , Veit Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile today consumers benefit from personalised service offerings, they are also understandably concerned about the privacy risks generated by disclosing their personal information online. We know that such perceived risks in general shape behaviour, but we know little about what specific privacy risks obstruct the use of digital services, making it difficult to implement technologies that could mitigate these risks. Based on qualitative and quantitative studies involving over 1000 participants, we conceptualise and quantify a multidimensional perspective on privacy risks consisting of physical, social, resource‐related, psychological, prosecution‐related, career‐related and freedom‐related privacy risks. Our results explicate the prospects of distinguishing privacy risk dimensions by demonstrating how they are differently pronounced across contexts and how technology designs can be tailored to assuage them. Thus, our findings improve the understanding of context and service‐specific privacy risks, helping managers to adjust their digital offerings to mitigate users' privacy risk perceptions.
Multi‐objective optimization of the maritime cargo routing and scheduling problem
Authors: dos Santos Pietro Tiaraju Giavarina , Borenstein Denis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the multi‐objective maritime cargo routing and scheduling problem, in which the delivery of bulk products from pickup to delivery ports is served by a heterogeneous fleet of vessels. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to simultaneously minimize total operation costs, the scheduling makespan, and delays in selected deliveries. The model accounts for several real features, such as time windows, capacity of the vessel's compartments, and ports requirements. A fuzzy weighted max–min method was applied to solve the problem. Two heuristics were developed to effectively handle the complex generated MILP models during the solution process. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the optimization approach using real‐life instances provided by a fertilizer company. Finally, a case study shows that the developed model and algorithmic framework are flexible and effective in coping with real problems, incorporating specific business rules from different companies.
Phenotypic assessment of genetic gain from selection for improved drought tolerance in semi‐tropical maize populations
Authors: Musimwa Tatenda R. , Molnar Terence L. , Dutta Somak , Dhliwayo Thanda , Trachsel Samuel , Lee Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost maize production across the globe is rain‐fed, and production is set to be negatively impacted as duration and occurrence of droughts increases due to climate change. Development of water‐deficit tolerant maize germplasm has been a major focus for most breeding programmes. Here, we sought to assess the genetic gain for grain yield in two maize populations developed for drought tolerance at CIMMYT by evaluating their cycle progeny through hybrid performance. Inbreds derived from different cycles of the Drought Tolerant Population (DTP) and La Posta Sequia (LPS) were mated to a tester (CML550), and resulting hybrids were evaluated under managed water‐deficit stress and well‐watered conditions. The difference in yield between water‐deficit and well‐watered treatments was 27% and 36% for the DTP and LPS, respectively. Genetic gain for grain yield across cycles for the two populations was confirmed in the study. Genetic gain was observed for both treatments indicating that selection for water‐deficit stress tolerance simultaneously improves grain yield in well‐watered conditions. The DTP population had a genetic gain of 0.07 t ha−1 cycle−1, while the LPS had 0.16 t ha−1 cycle−1 under water‐deficit conditions. Significant genetic gain was also observed in the well‐watered treatments for both populations. Anthesis to silking interval was significantly reduced under water‐deficit stress conditions in both populations. Plant and ear height were reduced in the LPS population in both treatments, while no reductions were observed for the trait in the DTP population. Potential water‐deficit stress tolerance donor lines with yields comparable to commercial check varieties were identified.
Fabricating porous ceramic materials via phase separations in blends of cellulose acetate and ceramic nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Hongli , Zhong Hangyu , Zhang Bo‐xing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs applications of porous ceramic materials have gradually expanded, the novel technologies for the fabrication of porous ceramic materials with a delicate and controllable structure are still attractive. In this work, three types of porous monolithic ceramic materials, including Al2O3–SiO2, TiO2, and SiC, have been fabricated by thermally impacted and non‐solvent‐induced phase separations in blends of cellulose acetate and ceramic nanoparticles. These materials possessed three‐dimensional interconnected porous structures with low densities, high porosities, and hierarchical pores ranging from 5 nm to 6 μm. The relationships between microstructures and phase separations were systematically investigated. Furthermore, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 20 dB from 5 to 18 GHz in porous SiC materials has been achieved, revealing that those materials have potential applications in the electromagnetic shielding. This work provides a powerful and general approach to fabricate porous monolithic ceramic materials with a wide range of various ceramic nanoparticles.
Dietary flexibility promotes range expansion: The case of golden jackals in Eurasia
Authors: Lanszki József , Hayward Matt W. , Ranc Nathan , Zalewski Andrzej 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimOngoing global changes can lead to the expansion of species' geographical range. Exploring the drivers of the successful ongoing expansion of the golden jackal across Europe is essential to understand the species' trophic ecology. We analysed which climatic and environmental factors affected the dietary composition of golden jackals and compared these drivers in the species' historic and recently colonized distribution ranges.LocationEurasia.TaxonGolden jackal (Canis aureus).MethodsUsing 40 published datasets, we modelled jackal diet composition using 13 food categories based on the relative frequency of occurrence of food items and trophic niche breadth (BA) against climatic and environmental factors from throughout the jackals' recently colonized (22 studies) and historic range (18 studies) using general additive models.ResultsThe proportion of small mammals in golden jackal diet decreased with annual mean temperature, whereas the consumption of wild ungulates increased with environmental productivity. Increasing temperature and environmental productivity positively influenced niche breadth, while increasing precipitation negatively affected it. The recently colonized distribution range of golden jackals in Europe had a lower mean temperature but higher environmental productivity compared to the species' historic range in Eurasia. In the recently colonized range, jackals consumed small mammals and/or wild ungulates (mostly from scavenging) more frequently, and fewer plants and/or domestic animals (again, mostly from scavenging).Main ConclusionsThe golden jackal is an opportunistic, omnivorous carnivore with high dietary flexibility and biogeographical variation. Climatic and environmental factors shape the species' diet composition, which, in a changing environment, greatly enhances the opportunities for golden jackals to colonize new areas successfully. Golden jackals will likely continue to expand their range in the foreseeable future. The species' trophic niche is expected to broaden with predictions of overall increasing temperatures and reduced precipitation.
FGF21 alleviates pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting mTORC1/EIF4EBP1 pathway via H19
Authors: Li Xiuchun , Zhang Yaxin , Su Lihuang , Cai Luqiong , Zhang Chi , Zhang Jianhao , Sun Junwei , Chai Mengyu , Cai Mengsi , Wu Qian , Zhang Chi , Yan Xiaoqing , Wang Liangxing , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our preliminary data showed that hypoxia‐induced PH is attenuated by fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) administration. Therefore, we further investigated the regulatory role of long non‐coding RNAs in PH treated with FGF21. RNA sequencing analysis and real‐time PCR identified a significantly up‐regulation of the H19 after FGF21 administration. Moreover, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays demonstrated that FGF21 suppressed hypoxia‐induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells partially through upregulation of H19. In addition, FGF21 deficiency markedly exacerbated hypoxia‐induced increases of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodelling. In addition, AAV‐mediated H19 overexpression reversed the malignant phenotype of FGF21 knockout mice under hypoxia expose. Further investigation uncovered that H19 also acted as an orchestra conductor that inhibited the function of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by disrupting the interaction of mTORC1 with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E–binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1). Our work highlights the important role of H19 in PH treated with FGF21 and suggests a mechanism involving mTORC1/EIF4EBP1 inhibition, which may provide a fundamental for clinical application of FGF21 in PH.
An energetics–performance framework for wild fishes
Authors: Brownscombe Jacob W. , Raby Graham D. , Murchie Karen J. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is growing evidence that bioenergetics can explain relationships between environmental conditions and fish behaviour, distribution and fitness. Fish energetic needs increase predictably with water temperature, but metabolic performance (i.e., aerobic scope) exhibits varied relationships, and there is debate about its role in shaping fish ecology. Here we present an energetics–performance framework, which posits that ecological context determines whether energy expenditure or metabolic performance influence fish behaviour and fitness. From this framework, we present testable predictions about how temperature‐driven variability in energetic demands and metabolic performance interact with ecological conditions to influence fish behaviour, distribution and fitness. Specifically, factors such as prey availability and the spatial distributions of prey and predators may alter fish temperature selection relative to metabolic and energetic optima. Furthermore, metabolic flexibility is a key determinant of how fish will respond to changing conditions, such as those predicted with climate change. With few exceptions, these predictions have rarely been tested in the wild due partly to difficulties in remotely measuring aspects of fish energetics. However, with recent advances in technology and measurement techniques, we now have a better capacity to measure bioenergetics parameters in the wild. Testing these predictions will provide a more mechanistic understanding of how ecological factors affect fish fitness and population dynamics, advancing our knowledge of how species and ecosystems will respond to rapidly changing environments.
Effects of fecal stream deprivation on human intestinal barrier after loop ileostomy
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Ma Haitao , Sun Yiming , Li Teming , Wang Cheng , Zheng Hong , Chen Guoqing , Du Guangsheng , Ji Guangyan , Yang Hua , Xiao Weidong , Qiu Yuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and AimIntestinal homeostasis is closely associated with the normal intestinal luminal physiological environment. Temporary loop ileostomy changes the intestinal structure and diverts the fecal stream, thereby disturbing the intestinal environment. This study aimed to clarify the changing situation of the human intestinal mucosa barrier in the absence of a fecal stream after loop ileostomy.MethodsWe obtained paired samples from the fed (fecal stream maintained) and unfed (no fecal stream) portions of the loop ileostomy and subjected these samples to RNA sequencing. We also determined transepithelial electrical resistance. The mucus layer thickness and content of MUC2, tight junction proteins, and common antimicrobial peptides in ileum mucosa were studied.ResultsTranscriptome data revealed that genes associated with enhancing the intestinal barrier function of the unfed ileum were significantly decreased and genes associated with immune defense response were significantly increased. The transepithelial electrical resistance was lower and the mucus layer thickness was thinner in the unfed ileal mucosa than in the fed ileum. The MUC2, Occludin, and zonula occludens 1 content was lower in the unfed ileum than in the fed ileum. α‐Defensin 5, α‐defensin 6, and lysozyme content was higher in the unfed ileum than in the enterally fed ileum.ConclusionIntestinal barrier function is weakened after long‐term fecal diversion, but antimicrobiota defense function is strengthened. Thus, the intestinal mucosa barrier adopts an alternative stable state during fecal diversion, which may explain the clinical paucity of cases of enterogenic infection caused by loop ileostomy.
Talking Over Time ‐ Dynamic Central Bank Communication
Authors: GÁTI LAURA 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the optimal dynamic communication strategy of central banks using a Bayesian persuasion game framework. In a dynamic environment, financial market participants and the general public have misaligned interests because the present and future have different relevance in their optimization problems, leading to a novel trade‐off for the monetary authority. Compared to the static benchmark, I show that the central bank (CB's) optimal dynamic communication policy should put a higher weight on talking about the present state than the future. In addition, the CB should strategically send more noisy signals than in the static benchmark.
Factors affecting nurses' willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counseling for family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer
Authors: Hsiao Chia‐Chi , Hsieh Suh‐Ing , Kao Chen‐Yi , Chu Tsui‐Ping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore factors associated with nurses' willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer.BackgroundFamily caregivers often experience anticipatory grief due to the imminence of a loved one's death. However, few studies have identified factors associated with nurses' willingness or competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer.MethodsThis descriptive correlational study recruited a convenience sample of nurses from cancer‐related wards at a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. The Anticipatory Grief Counseling Willingness Scale and Anticipatory Grief Counseling Competency Scale were employed. This cross‐sectional study followed the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe nurses’ average scores for willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer were 44.28 ± 8.36 and 171.84 ± 30.83, respectively. Multivariate linear regression revealed that interest in participating in anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer was significantly associated with the nurses’ willingness to provide such counselling. Similarly, their willingness to provide such counselling was significantly associated with their counselling competency.ConclusionsNurses’ willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer can be enhanced through in‐service education programmes, including bedside teaching and scenario simulation.Relevance to clinical practiceTo improve nurses' competency in anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer, factors related to nurses’ willingness to provide such grief counselling must be addressed. Diverse strategies of in‐service education can be adopted to promote nurses’ competency in anticipatory grief counselling.
Scoring heart rate increases as a surrogate arousal marker on portable monitor studies for obstructive sleep apnea: Impact on diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision‐making
Authors: Lachapelle Philippe , Khadadah Sulaiman , Taseen Ryeyan , Pamidi Sushmita , Kimoff R. John 
Published: April 2022

SummaryCortical arousal‐related hypopneas are not scored on type 3 home devices, which therefore limits their diagnostic accuracy for obstructive sleep apnea. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether scoring heart rate accelerations as surrogate markers of arousal improves type 3 portable monitor diagnostic agreement compared with polysomnography and improves therapeutic decision‐making. We prospectively recruited patients evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea to undergo in‐laboratory simultaneous full polysomnography + type 3 portable monitoring. Hypopnea events were scored on portable monitor studies with and without autonomic scoring, which was defined as an associated increase in pulse oximetry‐derived heart rate ≥6 beats per min (autonomic hypopnea). Portable monitor diagnostic agreement compared with polysomnography with and without autonomic hypopnea scoring was assessed. We also evaluated whether reporting autonomic hypopnea scoring improves portable monitor clinical treatment decision agreement after four physicians reviewed clinical data and sleep study results (polysomnography, portable monitor with autonomic hypopnea, portable monitor without autonomic hypopnea). Eighty‐two participants completed simultaneous polysomnography and in‐laboratory portable monitor studies. Scoring autonomic hypopnea resulted in a decreased mean difference between in‐laboratory portable monitor respiratory event index and polysomnography apnea–hypopnea index in Bland–Altman analysis (mean difference 14.6 per hr without versus 6.1 per hr with autonomic hypopnea scoring [p ˂ 0.01]), and increased intraclass correlation from 0.769 to 0.844. Inclusion of autonomic hypopnea scoring resulted in better accuracy between portable monitor and polysomnography expert's treatment decisions, and ultimately resulted in 24% fewer additional polysomnographies requested. The addition of pulse oximetry heart rate increases for autonomic hypopnea scoring during portable monitor resulted in better diagnostic agreement, improved clinical decision‐making and reduced additional polysomnography testing.