bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Flow Modeling Study to Assess the Sustainability of Groundwater Resource in and Around Bemetara Block, Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Gobinath M. , Sahu Suvendu Kumar , Ram Prahlad , Jhariya D. C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of the groundwater flow model is prevalent in the field of hydrogeology. The models have been used to address a variety of hydrogeological conditions including flow and transport of contaminants for risk evaluation. In the present study, a transient groundwater flow model for part of the Bemetara district of Chhattisgarh was developed to determine in detail the groundwater flow in the shallow and deep aquifer. The model simulates groundwater flow over an area of about 588 sq. km with a uniform grid size of 500 m by 500 m and contains two layers, 53 rows, and 68 columns. The visual MODFLOW software was used in this study to simulate groundwater flow. The conceptual model was built by analyzing the hydrogeological data. Based on the available data observed from 2015 to 2018, which provide insights to understand the dynamic behavior of groundwater systems and to predict spatial-temporal distributions of groundwater levels in responding to changes in the aquifer environment. 10 observatory wells within the study area were used for observation as well as calibration purposes. With the help of hydraulic conductivities and storage coefficients, the model has been calibrated with a normalized root mean squared of 7.477 % for steady-state & transient state NRMS is 9.242 %. The model has been forecasted for 2190 days up to the year 2024, suggests the depletion of the water table with an average annual fall of about 50cm, which indicates the overall projected depletion of the water table by 2024 will be 2.5-4 meters in different place of the study area. To mitigate this hazardous condition 15% reduction in the pumping of groundwater and the establishment of a total of four recharge wells has been suggested.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of intravenously administered nanoformulated substances
Authors: Minnema Jordi , Borgos Sven Even F. , Liptrott Neill , Vandebriel Rob , Delmaar Christiaan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) is becoming increasingly popular in the field of medicine. To improve the understanding on the biodistribution of NBMs, the present study aimed to implement and parametrize a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. This model was used to describe the biodistribution of two NBMs after intravenous administration in rats, namely, poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) loaded with cabazitaxel (PACA-Cbz), and LipImage™ 815. A Bayesian parameter estimation approach was applied to parametrize the PBPK model using the biodistribution data. Parametrization was performed for two distinct dose groups of PACA-Cbz. Furthermore, parametrizations were performed three distinct dose groups of LipImage™ 815, resulting in a total of five different parametrizations. The results of this study indicate that the PBPK model can be adequately parametrized using biodistribution data. The PBPK parameters estimated for PACA-Cbz, specifically the vascular permeability, the partition coefficient, and the renal clearance rate, substantially differed from those of LipImage™ 815. This emphasizes the presence of kinetic differences between the different formulations and substances and the need of tailoring the parametrization of PBPK models to the NBMs of interest. The kinetic parameters estimated in this study may help to establish a foundation for a more comprehensive database on NBM-specific kinetic information, which is a first, necessary step towards predictive biodistribution modeling. This effort should be supported by the development of robust in vitro methods to quantify kinetic parameters.Graphical abstract
Micro-level prediction of outstanding claim counts based on novel mixture models and neural networks
Authors: Bücher Axel , Rosenstock Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPredicting the number of outstanding claims (IBNR) is a central problem in actuarial loss reserving. Classical approaches like the Chain Ladder method rely on aggregating the available data in form of loss triangles, thereby wasting potentially useful additional claims information. A new approach based on a micro-level model for reporting delays involving neural networks is proposed. It is shown by extensive simulation experiments and an application to a large-scale real data set involving motor legal insurance claims that the new approach provides more accurate predictions in case of non-homogeneous portfolios.
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antibacterial activity of some new pyridinone and pyrazole derivatives with some in silico ADME and molecular modeling study
Authors: Saadon Khadija E. , Taha Nadia M. H. , Mahmoud N. A. , Elhagali Gameel A. M. , Ragab Ahmed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new series of pyridine-2-one and pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on cyanoacrylamide derivatives containing 2,4-dichlro aniline and 6-methyl 2-amino pyridine as an aryl group. Condensation of cyanoacrylamide derivatives 3a–d with different active methylene (malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate cyanoacetamide, and ethyl acetoacetate) in the presence of piperidine as basic catalyst afforded the corresponding pyridinone derivatives 4a–c, 5, 9, and 13. Furthermore, the reaction of cyanoacrylamide derivatives 3a–d with bi-nucleophile as hydrazine hydrate and thiosemicarbazide afforded the corresponding pyrazole derivatives 14a,b and 16. The newly designed derivatives were confirmed and established based on the elemental analysis and spectra data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass). The in vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated against four bacterial strains with weak to good antibacterial activity. Moreover, the results indicated that the most active derivatives 3a, 4a, 4b, 9, and 16 might lead to antibacterial agents, especially against B. subtilis and P. vulgaris. The DFT calculations were performed to estimate its geometric structure and electronic properties. In addition, the most active pyridinone and pyrazole derivatives were further evaluated for in silico physicochemical, drug-likeness, and toxicity prediction. These derivatives obeyed all Lipinski’s and Veber’s rules without any violation and displayed non-immunotoxin, non-mutagenic, and non-cytotoxic. Molecular docking simulation was performed inside the active site of Topoisomerase IV (PDB:3FV5). It displayed binding energy ranging from -14.97 kcal/mol to -18.86 kcal/mol with hydrogen bonding and arene–cation interaction. Therefore, these derivatives were suggested to be good antibacterial agents via topoisomerase IV inhibitor.
Graphical abstract
High transparency Pr:Y2O3 ceramics: A promising gain medium for red emission solid-state lasers
Authors: Li Qing , Wang Ying , Wang Jun , Ma Jie , Ni Meng , Lin Hui , Zhang Jian , Liu Peng , Xu Xiaodong , Tang Dingyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHighly transparent 0.5 and 1.0 at% Pr-doped Y2O3 ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering plus hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment. The selection of suitable pre-sintering temperatures and right microstructures before HIP was critical to obtain high density of the final sintered bodies. The well-densified ceramics had pore-free microstructures with an average grain size of about 1 µm. It was also found that the charge states of the Pr ions could be changed through regulating the annealing atmospheres, resulting in different absorption and emission characteristics in the visible wavelength region. Annealing in reducing atmosphere (5% H2/95% Ar) favored the formation of Pr3+, resulting in stronger red emissions, while annealing in oxygen atmosphere led to the rise of lattice constant due to the concentration increase of oxygen interstitials. The H2/Ar-annealed 0.5 at% Pr:Y2O3 ceramics exhibited strong red emission at 600–675 nm, which may be a promising gain material for red solid-state lasers.
Optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of (Y1−xScx)2O3 transparent ceramics
Authors: Yang Changliang , Huang Jiquan , Huang Qiufeng , Deng Zhonghua , Wang Yun , Li Xiaoyun , Zhou Zehua , Chen Jian , Liu Zhuguang , Guo Wang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSesquioxides such as Y2O3and Sc2O3are important optical materials, but the fabrication of their transparent ceramics remains a challenge due to the ultra-high melting point of over 2400°C. In this work, a series of (Y1−xScx)2O3transparent ceramics were successfully fabricated by a simple vacuum sintering process without any sintering additives, and the effect of scandium (Sc) content (x) on the crystal structure and optical/thermal/mechanical properties was evaluated. Y2O3and Sc2O3form a complete solid solution with a cubic bixbyite structure. The formation of (Y1−xScx)2O3solid solution promotes the densification of ceramics, leading to the realization of high transparency close to the theoretical transmittance over a wide wavelength range of 0.35–8 µm. In particular, the in-line transmittance in the range of 0.6–6 µm remains above 80% for (Y1−xScx)2O3withx= 0.23–0.31, while the pristine Y2O3and Sc2O3are opaque. Moreover, the mechanical properties including Vickers hardness (HV), fracture toughness (KIC), and biaxial flexural strength (δb) are evidently enhanced due to the solid solution strengthening, while the thermal conductivity (k) is reduced due to the reduction of photon free path. This study demonstrates that forming of solid solution is a facile and universal approach for preparing sesquioxide transparent ceramics with high optical and mechanical quality.
Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and molar incisor hypomineralisation and hypomineralised second primary molars in the offspring at 7–9 years of age: a longitudinal study
Authors: Børsting T. , Schuller A. , van Dommelen P. , Stafne S. N. , Skeie M. S. , Skaare A. B. , Mørkved S. , Salvesen K. Å. , Stunes A. K. , Mosti M. P. , Gustafsson M. K. , Syversen U. , Fagerhaug T. N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to investigate associations between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) among children.

Methods
The study had a longitudinal design using prospectively collected data from 176 mother and child pairs. Mothers were initially recruited in a randomised controlled trial to assess a pregnancy exercise programme. Along with the 7-year follow-up, we invited the children to a dental examination. The exposure variable was maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in gestational weeks 18–22 and 32–36, categorised as insufficient (< 50 nmol/l) and sufficient (≥ 50 nmol/l). Negative binomial hurdle models were used to analyse potential associations between the exposure variables and MIH or HSPM. The models were adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
Among the children (7–9 years old), 32% and 22% had at least one tooth with MIH or HSPM, respectively. A significant association was found between insufficient maternal vitamin D measured in gestational weeks 18–22 and the number of affected teeth among those with MIH at 7–9 years (adjusted RR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.13–2.93).

Conclusion
Considering any limitations of the present study, it has been shown that insufficient maternal serum vitamin D at mid-pregnancy was associated with a higher number of affected teeth among the offspring with MIH at 7–9 years of age. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate whether this finding is replicable and to clarify the role of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and MIH, as well as HSPM, in children.
Exploring the role of mindful eating and self-compassion on eating behaviours and orthorexia in people following a vegan diet
Authors: Kalika Eliza , Egan Helen , Mantzios Michail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrthorexia nervosa (ON) is a new concept that is more prevalent in vegan populations. ON is characterised by obsessive focus on healthy eating, following restrictive dietary practices and dietary restrictions escalating over time. The aim of this study was to explore problematic eating behaviours in a vegan population, and to explore whether mindful eating and self-compassion have an impact on ON. Two hundred and eighty-seven females and twenty-eight males who followed a vegan diet completed scales in Orthorexia, Self-Compassion, Mindful, Emotional, External and Restraint Eating. The results indicated that individuals with high levels of ON display low levels of self-compassion, and high levels of restrained eating. Moreover, the findings indicated that self-compassion, but not mindful eating, partially mediated the relationship between restrained eating and orthorexia nervosa. The present results contribute to a better understanding of orthorexic eating behaviours in a vegan population, and identifies the mediating capacity of self-compassion. Further implications and future directions are discussed.Level of evidence: Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
A review on food oral tribology
Authors: Xu Wenhu , Yu Shuaike , Zhong Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFood entering the oral cavity undergoes a series of complex processing behaviors. It is subjected to compression and shearing by the teeth, tongue, and palate to reduce its size and mix with saliva until it is swallowed. The oral processing behaviors are thought to be closely related to both food and oral frictional properties. Much effort has been made in recent decades about food oral tribology to explore this complicated lubrication behavior. Understanding the lubrication mechanism of food in the mouth is important for improving the consumption experience and developing the novel food. This paper provides a new perspective on the effects of composition, texture, structure, and saliva-food component interactions on lubrication properties of different foods, the relationship between sensory perception and oral frictional behavior, and the mechanism and pattern of lubrication categorized by common food types. The roles of tribology in the improvement of food taste, the search for healthier ingredient substitutes, functional foods, and the development of green foods are analyzed. Conceptual and numerical prediction models among physical properties, sensory perception, and frictional behavior of food are discussed. Studies of simulating oral processing, such as the selection of friction pair materials, physical modification of contact surfaces, addition of saliva, different modes of motion, and contact forms are concluded and classified. The progress of commercial friction apparatus as well as customized friction devices applied to the food sector in recent years are described. The characteristics, performances, and applications of these tribological instruments are analyzed and compared. In addition, the results achieved by oral tribology in identifying adulterated foods and ensuring food safety are presented. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the current challenges and future development of food oral tribology.
Arbeitsschutzwissen und Gesundheitskompetenz
Authors: Koch Peter , Nienhaus Albert 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Auszubildende verfügen in Bezug auf den Arbeitsschutz über weniger Wissen und weniger Praxis als ausgebildete Beschäftigte. Auch die individuelle Gesundheitskompetenz ist bei jungen Erwachsenen noch nicht weit ausgebildet. Daher hat diese Gruppe ein erhöhtes Belastungsprofil und ein erhöhtes Risiko für Arbeitsunfälle. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Wissen über den Arbeitsschutz sowie die Verbindung von Arbeitsschutz und Gesundheitskompetenz bei Auszubildenden im 2. Lehrjahr.

Methoden
Anhand einer Befragung von Berufsschullehrer/innen zum Arbeitsschutz wurden verschiedenen Themen des Arbeitsschutzes extrahiert. Anschließend wurden in einer Querschnittsbefragung Auszubildende aus verschiedenen Branchen (Bürowesen, Technik/Einzelhandel und Gesundheitsdienst/Wohlfahrtspflege) zu ihrem Wissen und der Anwendung von Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen befragt. Zusätzlich wurde die Gesundheitskompetenz anhand des Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16) erhoben und auf Korrelationen mit dem Wissen über den Arbeitsschutz und dessen Anwendung überprüft.

Ergebnisse
Es beteiligten sich 72 Berufsschullehrer/innen an der Befragung (Responserate: 63 %). Es zeigte sich, dass sie nicht alle Themen des Arbeitsschutzes unterrichten. Die Auszubildenden (N = 391) hatten mehr Kenntnisse über praktische Themen des Gesundheitsschutzes als über dessen betrieblicher Organisation. Auszubildende aus dem Gesundheitsdienst und der Wohlfahrtspflege gaben öfter an, ihr Wissen im Arbeitsalltag anwenden zu können. Es wurden schwache bis mäßige statistisch signifikante Korrelationen von Arbeitsschutz und Gesundheitskompetenz beobachtet (Wissen Arbeitsschutz: r = 0,23; p < 0,001, Anwendung Wissen Arbeitsschutz: r = 0,26; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Es sollte auf eine bessere Verzahnung der Lehrinhalte zum Arbeitsschutz in der Berufsschule und der praktischen Anwendung dieser Inhalte im Lehrbetrieb geachtet werden. Die Korrelation von Gesundheitskompetenz und Arbeitsschutzwissen sowie dessen Anwendung könnten auf eine konzeptuelle Erweiterung der arbeitsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz auf Basis des HLS-EU-Q16 bei Auszubildenden hinweisen.
Emergent Relations between Discriminative Stimuli, Responses, and Consequences in Intraverbals
Authors: Pérez-González Luis Antonio , Huluta Elena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe explored the emergence of relations between stimuli learned as discriminative, responses, and consequences with intraverbals. In Experiment 1, five 9- and 10-year-old children learned intraverbals that related a country (A) with a city (B)—e.g., “Name a city of Switzerland”; “Davos”—and that country with a predator animal (C). Correct responses were followed by saying the name of a feature of the city (T) or saying an animal preyed by the predator (U), respectively. The emergence of BC and CB intraverbals that relate the cities and the predators and that of intraverbals that relate the specific consequences to the cities (T-B and U-B) and to the prey animals (T-C and U-C) was probed with no differential consequences. All five children demonstrated the emergence of BC, CB, U-B, and U-C and four children also demonstrated the emergence of T-B and T-C. In Experiment 2, a simpler procedure that controlled a possible extraneous factor, was used with seven 7- and 8-year old children and they also demonstrated emergence. Thus, the emergence of verbal relations with elements taught as discriminative stimuli, responses, and consequences was demonstrated.
Wie aus Sauerstoff Energie wird und der Funke dabei trotzdem nicht überspringt – die Besonderheiten der Mitochondrien
Authors: Schniertshauer Daniel , Bergemann Jörg 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungMitochondrien, die Kraftwerke der Zelle – diese geläufige Bezeichnung entstammt ihrer bekanntesten Funktion, nämlich der Produktion von Adenosintriphosphat (ATP), dem universellen Energieträger für alle Zellen. Dies spiegelt jedoch nicht mal annähernd das wider, was Mitochondrien imstande sind zu leisten. Neben der täglichen Produktion an Adenosintriphosphat im Kilogrammmassstab spielen sie eine zentrale Rolle beim programmierten Zelltod, der Anpassung des zellulären Redoxpotenzials sowie der Synthese von Eisen-Schwefel-Clustern (Fe-S-Cluster), welche für das Überleben einer Zelle von grosser Bedeutung sind. Dies alles geschieht bei elektrischen Spannungen, die einem buchstäblich die Haare zu Berge stehen lassen müssten, ohne dass wir davon etwas mitbekommen. Mitochondrien – so winzig, so unscheinbar und dennoch voller Wunder. Daher verwundert es nicht, dass Funktionsstörungen dieser Organellen weitreichende Folgen für die Gesundheit haben können. Die mitochondriale Medizin, welche sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem zentralen Schwerpunkt innerhalb der gesamten Medizin entwickelt hat, versucht, diese Folgen zu verhindern, abzumildern und zu beseitigen. Um dies zu bewerkstelligen, bedarf es einer modernen und innovativen Diagnostik, welche sowohl zu Beginn als auch während einer Therapie Anwendung finden sollte.
The Impact of Banding Polymer-Coated Urea on Nitrogen Availability and Distribution in Contrasting Soils
Authors: Janke Chelsea , Moody Phil , Fujinuma Ryosuke , Bell Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolymer-coated urea (PCU) has been traditionally used for broadcast and/or incorporated application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers. To improve N use efficiency (NUE), there has been an increase in sub-surface banded application of this fertilizer technology. However, there is little information on the release and supply of N from PCU granules when applied in a band. This research aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of key N transformations around PCU bands in soils of contrasting physico-chemical properties, and the implications for NUE. Two experiments, consisting of a 60-day diffusion study and a 91-day incubation, were conducted in a Vertosol and Dermosol, with PCU granules banded at a rate equivalent to 150 kg N ha−1 and band spacing of 1.8 m. Compared to standard urea, PCU provided a sustained release of urea-N to soil solution and the lower urea-N concentrations minimized the toxic conditions associated with rapid hydrolysis of urea-N. Nitrogen release from banded PCU was quicker in the Vertosol (cf. Dermosol), possibly due to a higher volumetric water content and/or greater soil particle surface contact, facilitating rapid water imbibition into granules. However, the proximity of PCU granules to each other in a band restricted the diffusive release of urea-N from PCU granules cf. dispersed application in both soils. Furthermore, the relatively mild chemical conditions in the PCU band (cf. standard urea) resulted in oxidisation of larger proportions of PCU-derived mineral N. Banded application may extend the duration of N release from PCU granules, confounding efforts to predict N availability. Soil characteristics influenced N release and dynamics from banded PCU, although further investigation is required. Higher rates of nitrification of N derived from PCU bands suggest there could be increased risk of N-loss via denitrification or leaching pathways (cf. standard urea bands) if release dynamics are not optimally synchronised with crop demand. This study provides the first mechanistic insights into the impact of application method and soil physico-chemical properties on the efficacy of PCU.
What does neighbourhood climate action look like? A scoping literature review
Authors: Joshi Neelakshi , Agrawal Sandeep , Lie Shirley 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCities are recognized as an important scale for framing and implementing plans and policies for action on climate change. Within the structure of cities, it is in urban neighbourhoods that climate action becomes tangible and has the potential to engage communities. Despite its importance, scholarly literature has played limited attention to the scale of the neighbourhood as a site for locating climate action. The objective of our paper is to provide an overview of the role of neighbourhoods in leading bottom-up climate action and its implications for urban planning based on a qualitative scoping review. Our findings indicate that neighbourhoods are conceptualized as a physically bounded scale for climate action as well as a web of social networks and relationships enabling this action. Neighbourhood climate action aims to achieve neighbourhood scale sustainability and resilience by engaging with residents, municipalities, local academic institutions, neighbourhood associations and non-governmental agencies. Scholars engage with a wide range of concepts like place-based attachment and social mobilization as well as established practice-oriented tools in defining and measuring neighbourhood climate action. However, the neighbourhood scale struggles with limited resources and power in creating sustained climate action as well as in engaging with and addressing socio-economically marginalized communities.