bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligning ecological compensation policies with the Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework to achieve real net gain in biodiversity
Authors: Simmonds Jeremy S. , von Hase Amrei , Quétier Fabien , Brownlie Susie , Maron Martine , Possingham Hugh P. , Souquet Mathieu , zu Ermgassen Sophus O. S. E. , ten Kate Kerry , Costa Hugo M. , Sonter Laura J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasingly, government and corporate policies on ecological compensation (e.g., offsetting) are requiring “net gain” outcomes for biodiversity. This presents an opportunity to align development with the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework's (GBF) proposed ambition for overall biodiversity recovery. In this perspective, we describe three conditions that should be accounted for in net gain policy to align outcomes with biodiversity recovery goals: namely, a requirement for residual losses from development to be compensated for by (1) absolute gains, which are (2) scaled to the achievement of explicit biodiversity targets, where (3) gains are demonstrably feasible. We show that few current policies meet these conditions, which risks undermining efforts to achieve the proposed Post‐2020 GBF milestones and goals, as well as other jurisdictional policy imperatives to halt and reverse biodiversity decline. To guide future decision‐making, we provide a supporting decision tree outlining net gain compensation feasibility.
The Consumption‐Stimulating Effect of Public Rental Housing in China
Authors: Shao Xiaokuai , Cao Yujin , Teng Yangchuan , Chen Jidong , Gong Liutang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChina's public rental policy creates opportunities for poor households to rent apartments at low rental prices. In addition to such an impact, we argue that public rental housing increases the purchasing power of the poor and therefore enhances the income elasticity of consumption, i.e., the percentage of consumption increment due to a 1 percent increase in income. Based on a nationwide dataset from China, the Chinese Household Income Project 2018, we find that public rental housing significantly increases the marginal impact of household disposable income on consumption. Specifically, our analysis suggests that public rental apartments could increase the income elasticity of consumption demand by 18 percent among all rental households and by 24 percent among rental households with below‐average income. We also find that the effect of public rental housing on income elasticity of consumption is stronger for service consumption than for nonservice consumption. These results suggest that a well designed public rental policy could not only promote consumption in favor of the service industry but also alleviate the undesirable consequences of the unbalanced consumption structure caused by income inequality.
Heterogeneous environmental seascape across a biogeographic break influences the thermal physiology and tolerances to ocean acidification in an ecosystem engineer
Authors: Rodríguez‐Romero Araceli , Gaitán‐Espitía Juan Diego , Opitz Tania , Lardies Marco A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimUnderstanding how spatio‐temporal environmental variability influences stress tolerance, local adaptation and phenotypic variation among populations is a key challenge for evolutionary ecology and climate change biology. Coastal biogeographic breaks are natural laboratories to explore this fundamental research question due to the contrasting environmental conditions experienced by natural populations across these regions.LocationIn the South East Pacific (SEP) coast, a major break (30º‐32ºS) is characterized by extreme natural variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and carbonate chemistry parameters related to temporal and spatial dynamics in upwelling events. Calcifying organisms inhibiting this zone are exposed to marked fluctuations and clines in SST that together with naturally acidified waters can impact their metabolism, calcification and fitness, making them particularly prone to the effects of climate change (e.g. ocean acidification, OA). We investigated to what extent the spatial and temporal environmental variability (in SST and seawater carbonate conditions) that characterizes the biogeographic break in the SEP influences intra‐specific differences in the thermal ecology and the tolerances to OA of the limpet Scurria araucana.MethodsDuring two years, we conducted field surveys of limpet populations at sites across the SEP break (27ºS, 30ºS and 32ºS). We collected individuals from each population to test for geographic differences in morphometric (e.g. total buoyancy weight, shell length) and physiological (e.g. oxygen consumption rate, cardiac activity and thermal performance curves; TPC) responses to local environmental conditions (Tº and pH/pCO2) and to simulated OA scenarios.ResultsPopulations of S. Araucana exhibit high tolerance to OA with no signal of geographic influence on this attribute. However, inter‐population differences in thermal physiology (metabolic rates and performances) were found across the biogeographic break in the SEP coast. Limpets from the central part of the break (30ºS) exhibit higher thermal performance compared to limpets from populations at both sides of the break.Main conclusionsVariation in SST has a greater effect shaping inter‐population differences in thermal physiology of the limpet S. araucana. These physiological differences are aligned the thermal heterogenous seascape along the biogeographic break in the SEP. Contrarily, temporal and spatial variation in seawater carbonate conditions does not influence inter‐population differences in phenotypic response populations, but an overall high tolerance to OA.
Getting our Act together to improve Indigenous leadership and recognition in biodiversity management
Authors: Goolmeer Teagan , Skroblin Anja , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIncreasingly scientists and policy makers are acknowledging the importance of Indigenous participation in effective biodiversity conservation. In Australia, the recognised Indigenous estate is vast, accounting for up to 57% of the continent and comprising some of the highest priority conservation lands, including 46% of the formal National Reserve System. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (the Act) is Commonwealth legislation designed to protect and manage nationally and internationally important species and ecological communities, which entails specific objectives to recognise Indigenous people. However, to date the involvement of Indigenous people in implementation of the Act has been inconsistent and inadequate, particularly in the protection of the Indigenous estate, understanding and supporting Indigenous people’s aspirations for Country and culturally significant species, and respecting the traditional management of species and landscapes. In this article, we will explore the key barriers and opportunities for improving Indigenous participation in biodiversity conservation under the Act. We structure our exploration using the three connected themes: (1) meaningful Indigenous engagement and participation, (2) recognition of the Indigenous Estate and (3) strengthening Indigenous‐led governance. We find that there is a pressing need and an immediate opportunity to reform and strengthen the Act to protect Indigenous Knowledge, to recognise and report on the role of Indigenous Estate, and to realise the aspirations of Indigenous peoples for improved land and sea management that strengthens people, culture and Country.
Pirra Jungku: Comparison of traditional and contemporary fire practices on Karajarri Country, Western Australia
Authors: Blackwood Edward M. J. , Rangers Karajarri , Bayley Sam , Bijlani Hamsini , Fensham Rod J , Lindsay Malcolm , Noakes Ewan , Wemyss Jackie , Legge Sarah 
Published: January 2022

SummaryTraditional fire practices in Australia’s deserts may have created mosaics of post‐fire seral stages that benefitted some plants and animals. Managing fire to emulate the patterns produced by traditional burning practices is a common objective in contemporary conservation planning in Australia’s deserts. However, the extent to which traditional burning in deserts affected fire regimes across space and time is contested. We aim to contribute to knowledge about the impacts of traditional burning on fire patterns in the Great Sandy Desert, northwest Australia. Our study covered the traditional lands of the Karajarri people, where some families were living a traditional lifestyle on Country until the 1960s. We analysed high‐quality aerial photographs taken over 18,000 km2 of Karajarri Country in the 1940s. Fire footprints up to several years old were mapped from these images, and their spatial characteristics were compared to those of contemporary fire regimes over the same area, visualised using high‐resolution Sentinel satellite imagery. Fires in the 1940s (considered traditional) were more numerous but much smaller than contemporary (2016–2020) fires. The areal extent of recently burnt areas was smaller and the fire frequency was lower in the 1940s. Contemporary fire patterns around cultural sites differed little from fire patterns elsewhere in the landscape, possibly because people were burning over large areas rather than only at localised sites. Our study suggests that Karajarri influenced fire patterns at a landscape scale in the Great Sandy Desert, at least during periods of average rainfall. The findings are helping Karajarri refine fire management goals, for example, by informing the size and dispersion of future burns, and supporting community discussion about fire and culture. Fire management outcomes for plants and animals are being tracked with a biodiversity monitoring program.
Yarning up with Gerry Turpin – An Interview about Indigenous biocultural knowledges
Authors: Turpin Gerry , Cameron Liz 
Published: January 2022

Aboriginal conversations usually take place around a fire, so that we can sit and immerse ourselves not only through talk but connect with Country. The act of yarning serves as a medium to establish and build respectful relationships, exchange stories and traditions and to preserve and pass on cultural knowledge. This interview with Ethnobotanist Gerry Turpin (Fig. 1) began like all other initial yarning conversations on who we are and where we belong.
Understanding Indigenous values and priorities for wetlands to guide weed management actions: Lessons from the Nardab floodplain in northern Australia’s Kakadu National Park
Authors: Bangalang Na‐gangila , Nadji Jonathan , Nayinggul Anita , Nadji Sean , Nayinggul Alfred , Dempsey Simon , Mangiru Kenneth , Dempsey James , McCartney Serena , Mairi Macdonald Jennifer , Robinson Cathy J. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMany wetlands around the world are vulnerable to invasive species and are also culturally important for Indigenous peoples. Yet, translating the complex values Indigenous peoples hold for wetlands into management actions to mitigate the impacts of invasive species can be difficult to put into practice. In this paper, we draw on an Indigenous‐led project on the Nardab wetland in Kakadu National Park to show how understanding the local nuance of Indigenous values and priorities in different wetland places can guide more effective and inclusive weed management activities. At Nardab, Indigenous values and priorities guided the choice of three priority sites to manage the impacts of Para grass (Urochloa mutica) weed. Specific values and priorities were identified across the sites, including significant bush tucker populations, and harvesting sites, the ability for the site to support Indigenous knowledge sharing and ceremonial activities and the opportunity for visitors to enjoy a healthy wetland in this World Heritage Area. The values and priorities varied across the sites, so the actions needed to improve the health of these places were also place specific. The results showed that relationships between Indigenous people and places varied from site to site within a given wetland and could not be easily generalized when deciding on effective management activities. The paper highlights the benefits of supporting ecological, cultural and human‐focused actions that Indigenous people wish to prioritize at selected sites to ensure the management of weed impacts on wetlands adequately reflect the diverse cultural landscapes that are embedded within Indigenous peoples’ Country.
Developing a two‐way learning monitoring program for Mankarr (Greater Bilby) in the Western Desert, Western Australia
Authors: Skroblin Anja , Carboon Tracy , Bidu Gladys , Taylor Muuki , Bidu Ngamaru , Taylor Waka , Taylor Karnu , Miller Minyawu , Robinson Leah , Williams Carol , Chapman Nganjapayi , Marney Mulyatingki , Marney Carl , Biljabu Jakayu , Biljabu Levina , Jeffries Pamela , Samson Heather , Charles Phillipa , Game Edward T. , Wintle Brendan 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIndigenous people are the custodians of knowledge systems that hold detailed awareness of the environment, including applications for monitoring and management to improve biodiversity and cultural outcomes. Indigenous communities are increasingly participating in programs to monitor populations of wildlife. There is a need for frameworks to guide how Indigenous priorities, aspirations and culture can be respected within monitoring programs, as well as case studies that demonstrate how Indigenous knowledge and practice can provide opportunities together with Western science practice to improve the rigour and outcomes of wildlife monitoring. Here, we describe the process of developing a monitoring program that was tailored to be carried out by Kanyirninpa Jukurrpa Indigenous ranger teams to assess the status, trend and response to the management of a threatened and culturally significant species Mankarr (Greater Bilby; Macrotis lagotis). We applied a collaborative two‐way approach, using iterative consultations, elicitations and field trials involving Indigenous and non‐Indigenous project partners to define monitoring objectives, record biocultural knowledge and tailor a sampling methodology to fit the requirements of Martu Traditional Owners. Our project focused on creating a method that would be engaging, accessible and useful for rangers who would carry out the program, and prioritized collection of relevant data for community decision‐making regarding management. We outline our key learnings for co‐design of wildlife monitoring programs on Indigenous lands. Our approach provides insights that will assist in designing other cross‐cultural or participatory monitoring programs.
The effect of epilepsy surgery on productivity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Siriratnam Pakeeran , Foster Emma , Shakhatreh Lubna , Neal Andrew , Carney Patrick W. , Jackson Graeme D. , O'Brien Terence J. , Kwan Patrick , Chen Zhibin , Ademi Zanfina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesAn important but understudied benefit of resective epilepsy surgery is improvement in productivity; that is, people's ability to contribute to society through participation in the workforce and in unpaid roles such as carer duties. Here, we aimed to evaluate productivity in adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) pre‐ and post‐resective epilepsy surgery, and to explore the factors that positively influence productivity outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis using four electronic databases: Medline (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), EBM Reviews ‐ Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Cochrane Library. All studies over the past 30 years reporting on pre‐ and post‐resective epilepsy surgical outcomes in adults with DRE were eligible for inclusion. Meta‐analysis was performed to assess the post‐surgery change in employment outcomes.ResultsA total of 1005 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Seventeen studies, comprising 2056 unique patients, were suitable for the final quantitative synthesis and meta‐analysis. Resective epilepsy surgery resulted in a 22% improvement in overall productivity (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.40). The factors associated with increased post‐surgery employment risk ratios were lower pre‐surgical employment in the workforce (relative risk ratio [RRR] =0.34; 95% CI: 0.15–0.74), shorter follow‐up duration (RRR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90–0.99), and lower mean age at time of surgery (RRR= 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94–0.99). The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies ‐ of Interventions and was low for most variables except ”measurement of exposure.”SignificanceThere is clear evidence that resective surgery in eligible surgical DRE patients results in improved productivity. Future work may include implementing a standardized method for collecting and reporting productivity in epilepsy cohorts and focusing on ways to reprioritize health care resource allocation to allow suitable candidates to access surgery earlier. This will ultimately benefit individuals with DRE, their families, our communities, and the wider health care system.
Thermal adaptation occurs in the respiration and growth of widely distributed bacteria
Authors: Tian Weitao , Sun Huimin , Zhang Yan , Xu Jianjun , Yao Jia , Li Jinquan , Li Bo , Nie Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoil microbial respiration is an important factor in regulating carbon (C) exchange between the soil and atmosphere. Thermal adaptation of soil microorganisms will lead to a weakening of the positive feedback between climate warming and soil respiration. The thermal adaptation of microbial communities and fungal species has been proven. However, studies on the thermal adaptation of bacterial species, the most important decomposers in the soil, are still lacking. Here, we isolated six species of widely distributed dominant bacteria and studied the effects of constant warming and temperature fluctuations on those species. The results showed that constant warming caused a downregulation of respiratory temperature sensitivity (Q10) of the bacterial species, accompanied by an elevation of the minimum temperature (Tmin) required for growth. Similar results were seen with the addition of temperature fluctuations, suggesting that both scenarios caused a significant thermal adaptation among the bacterial species. Fluctuating and increasing temperatures are considered an important component of future warming. Therefore, the inclusion of physiological responses of bacteria to these changes is essential to understand relationships between microbiota and temperature and enhance the prediction of global soil–atmosphere C feedbacks.
Stopping and restarting PrEP and loss to follow‐up among PrEP‐taking men who have sex with men and transgender women at risk of HIV‐1 participating in a prospective cohort study in Kenya
Authors: Wahome Elizabeth , Boyd Anders , Thiong’o Alexander N. , Mohamed Khamisi , Oduor Tony , Gichuru Evans , Mwambi John , van der Elst Elise , Graham Susan M. , Prins Maria , Sanders Eduard J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess frequency and predictors of switching between being on and off PrEP and being lost to follow‐up (LTFU) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) with access to PrEP services in Sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of MSM and TGW from coastal Kenya who initiated daily oral PrEP from June 2017 to June 2019. Participants were followed monthly for HIV‐1 testing, PrEP refill, risk assessment and risk reduction counselling. Follow‐up was censored at the last visit before 30 June 2019, or the last HIV‐1‐negative visit (for those with HIV‐1 seroconversion), whichever occurred first. We estimated transition intensities (TI) and predictors of switching: (i) between being off and on PrEP; and (ii) from either PrEP state and being LTFU (i.e. not returning to the clinic for > 90 days) using a multi‐state Markov model.ResultsIn all, 134 participants starting PrEP were followed for a median of 20.3 months [interquartile range (IQR): 7.7–22.1]. A total of 49 (36.6%) people stopped PrEP 73 times [TI = 0.6/person‐year (PY), 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5–0.7] and, of these, 25 (51.0%) restarted PrEP 38 times (TI = 1.2/PY, 95% CI: 0.9–1.7). In multivariable analysis, stopping PrEP was related to anal sex ≤ 3 months, substance‐use disorder and travelling. Restarting PrEP was related to non‐Christian or non‐Muslim religion and travelling. A total of 54 participants were LTFU: on PrEP (n = 47, TI = 0.3/PY, 95% CI: 0.3–0.5) and off PrEP (n = 7, TI = 0.2/PY, 95% CI: 0.1–0.4). In multivariable analysis, becoming LTFU while on PrEP was associated with secondary education or higher, living in the area for ≤ 1 year, residence outside the immediate clinic area and alcohol‐use disorder.ConclusionsSwitching between being on and off PrEP or becoming LTFU while on PrEP was frequent among individuals at risk of HIV‐1 acquisition. Alternative PrEP options (e.g. event‐driven PrEP) may need to be considered for MSM and TGW with PrEP‐taking challenges, while improved engagement with care is needed for all MSM and TGW regardless of PrEP regimen.
Challenges perceived by nursing professionals in physician‐centred organizations: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Abbas Sidra , Zakar Rubeena , Fischer Florian , Gilani Amir 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo explore and analyse contextual challenges in nursing that have affected nurses’ perceptions and role performance.BackgroundHealth system hierarchy and patient/family‐centred care has led to a high demand for skilled nurses. However, patriarchal organizations create challenges for nursing clinicians in Pakistan and elsewhere.MethodsA qualitative exploratory research (phenomenology) design was used. Twenty‐five participants identified through purposive sampling contributed to the study. The data analysis was conducted using NVivo 12 Plus. We generated six major themes. Reporting was accomplished according to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist.ResultsGendered division of labour places nurses in a submissive position in clinical practice. Decreases in nurse‐to‐patient ratio and increase in patient‐focused care adversely affect evidence‐based practice. The gap between theory and practice in delivering quality care is increasing due to existing communication barriers among health‐related professionals and an inadequate work environment. Comparatively inactive nursing leadership and directorate roles are not improving the social image of nursing, and are promoting role conflict and poor nursing self‐concepts among nurses. In fact, cultural shock experienced by young nurses has produced inherent disorientation in their professionalism and fostered displays of horizontal violence towards them by senior nurses.ConclusionThese challenges are influencing nurses’ decisions to remain in or to join nursing as a profession that is confronted by severe recruitment and retention shortages due to the social and cultural stigmatization of this female dominated profession.Implications for nursing, health and social policyThis study promotes the concept of evidence‐based practice to deliver quality health services in public hospitals and to improve the social status of nursing in Pakistan. It provides influential evidence to policymakers who should urgently address nurses’ workplace health and safety issues as a global right.