bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sulfur defective Mn-doped Ni3S2–x
nanosheet for enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Lifoka Martine Otay , Niu Weixing , Liu Guihua , Wu Changcheng , Li Jingde 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-precious and stable electrocatalysts towards both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction (OER/HER) are essential for effective overall water splitting in alkaline solution. In this study, a sulfur defective and manganese-doped nickel sulfide nanosheet that uniformly grown on nickel foam substrate (Mn–Ni3S2–x
@NF) is synthesized. In alkaline solution, the Mn–Ni3S2–x
@NF showed a low overpotential of 76 and 110 mV for OER and HER at 10 mA cm−2, respectively, together exhibiting excellent stability for both OER and HER reaction. It was confirmed by the experimental results that sulfur defects and Mn-doping synergistically optimized the electronic structure of Mn–Ni3S2–x
with increased electrical conductivity and enhanced OER/HER activity. Moreover, amorphous nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) was observed by in situ Raman during the OER condition, suggesting NiOOH is the active phase for OER reaction. Furthermore, the electrolyzer assembled by Mn–Ni3S2–x
@NF merely needs 1.46 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 and shows good stability as well. This study provides a feasible way to prepare high-efficiency bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting.
Metallic spherical heterotrimer systems for plasmonic-based improvement in hyper-Raman scattering
Authors: Alsawafta Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A unique combination between structural parameters of collinearly arranged spherical particles is proposed as an effective plasmonic substrate for ultrahigh enhancement in hyper-Raman scattering signals. The suggested spherical trimer systems are mainly composed from two identical nanoparticle separated by a third alike shape resonator of different size. All the interacting plasmonic element are made from gold, arranged in 1D array and illuminated by a longitudinally polarized light. The optical properties, spatial distribution of nearfields and the surface charge densities were calculated numerically by FDTD tool. The enhancement factor of the hyper-Raman scattering, and the associated Raman shift were calculated theoretically from the optical response of the trimer. The extinction spectra of the heterotrimers demonstrate the excitation of two plasmonic modes, the first coupled band excited at a longer wavelength and is attributed to the in-phase coupling between the dipole moments induced in each of the three spherical resonators, the other hybrid mode observed in the shorter wavelength region and is resulted from the coupling between the dark mode excited in the intermediate particle and the bright band monitored in the bordered particles. The nearfields associated with the excitation of the two plasmonic modes are strongly localized and highly enhanced at the same intercoupling regions (hot spots) which optically match the excitation wavelength and the second-order stock condition. Through careful selecting of the relative size of the coupled nanoparticles and their coupling separation, the enhancement factor of hyper-Raman scattering signal can reach as high as 1 × 1013.
Foundations of magnetized radio-frequency discharges
Authors: Tsankov Tsanko V , Chabert Pascal , Czarnetzki Uwe 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This is the second part of a set of two papers on radio-frequency (RF) discharges, part of a larger series on the foundations of plasma and discharge physics. In the first paper (Chabert et al 2021 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
30 024001) the two basic configurations of RF discharges commonly used in industrial applications, the capacitive and the inductive discharges, are presented. The introduction of an external magnetic field to these discharges results in not only a quantitative enhancement of their capabilities but also leads to qualitatively different interaction mechanisms between the RF field and the plasma. This provides rich opportunities for sustaining dense plasmas with high degrees of ionization. On one hand, the magnetic field influences significantly the particle and energy transport, thus providing new possibilities for control and adjustment of the plasma parameters and opening even lower operation pressure windows. On the other hand, when the magnetic field is introduced also in the region where the plasma interacts with the RF field, qualitatively new phenomena arise, that fundamentally change the mechanisms of power coupling to the plasma—the electromagnetic energy can be transported as waves deeper into the plasma volume and/or collisionlessly absorbed there by wave resonances. The characteristics of these discharges are then substantially different from the ones of the standard non-magnetized RF discharges. This paper introduces the physical phenomena needed for understanding these plasmas, as well as presents the discharge configurations most commonly used in applications and research. Firstly, the transport of particles and energy as well as the theory of waves in magnetized plasmas are briefly presented together with some applications for diagnostic purposes. Based on that the leading principles of RF heating in a magnetic field are introduced. The operation and the applications of various discharges using these principles (RF magnetron, helicon, electron cyclotron resonance and neutral loop discharges) are presented. The influence of a static magnetic field on standard capacitive and inductive discharges is also briefly presented and discussed.
Polarization and frequency-controlled amplification in a nonequilibrium plasma in the presence of an external magnetic field
Authors: Bogatskaya A V , Volkova E A , Popov A M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The method of controlling the spectral and polarization characteristics of a terahertz (THz) pulse during its amplification in nonequilibrium magnetized plasma is investigated. The physical mechanism involves the well-known cyclotron resonance, which has been demonstrated to strongly influence the features of nonequilibrium plasma — in particular, its amplifying and focusing ability. According to the suggested model, a static magnetic field is applied along the propagation direction of a femtosecond UV laser, which creates a nonequilibrium plasma channel. The seed linearly polarized THz pulse propagates in the channel after the ionizing UV pulse. The conducted numerical simulations are based on the self-consistent solution of the kinetic Boltzmann equation and second-order wave equation for THz pulse propagation. It is shown that by varying the magnetic field strength one can control the pulse carrier frequency as well as change the polarization to a circular one. For long THz pulses, the presence of a magnetic field provides the possibility to detune the ellipticity degree at the output of the plasma channel.
Hydrodynamic behaviors of settled magnetorheological fluid redispersion under active dispersing mechanism: simulation and experiment
Authors: Zou Zhiyuan , Zhang Honghui , Liao Changrong , Wang Ning , Choi Seung-Bok 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite several salient benefits of numerous control systems utilizing magnetorheological (MR) fluid, practical realization of commercial products is limited due to the particles sedimentation. To overcome this problem, several measures have been proposed to optimize MR fluid settling through the viewpoints of dispersing medium viscosity, suspension force of dispersed phase and additives innovation, but the settling of MR fluid can be alleviated to an extent only. An active dispersing mechanism (ADM) proposed in the previous work is one of attractive ways to resolve the sedimentation problem in a level of device and it is promising to fulfill good serviceability for MR dampers even if the settling remains. In this work, attributive to the investigations in stirring devices, rotary blades are employed to fulfill the redispersing of settled MR fluid under the theory of solid–liquid two phase flow. The parameters and working conditions of the rotary blades are optimized to guide experimental verification in a damper-sized vessel. The vessel can be seen as a prototype for real MR damper. An immersed induction method for the characterization of the localized MR fluid concentration is proposed to designate the dispersing process when ADM is started. With the experiments of different MR fluid volume fractions and rotating speeds of the rotary blades, it is fully testified that the faster the blades rotate, the shorter the mixing time, and the more the inclination angle of blades close to 45°, the better the dispersion capability. In addition, it is also identified that the ADM is effective to disperse the settled MR fluid and promising to the sedimentation immunity of MR damper.
Dual-wavelength active and tunable modulation at telecommunication wavelengths using graphene-metal hybrid metamaterial based on plasmon induced transparency
Authors: Mashayekhi M Z , Abbasian K , Nurmohammadi T 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Classic optical systems with a similar response to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) have received considerable attention. Plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) response is usually achieved by near-field coupling between resonators’ bright and dark modes. Most PIT structures are based on metamaterials and have a constant near-infrared spectral response; manipulating the PIT spectral response without changing the geometric structure and modifying the substrate or electrical biasing is impossible. A graphene-metal metamaterial structure is proposed to create an active tunable near-IR transparency window. In the proposed two-layer structure, the metal bars act as bright resonators in the upper layer. In the lower layer, the metal nanoribbons act as dark resonators and two sets of bilayer graphene are placed separately below the bright resonators and above the dark resonators. At first, the optimal induced transparency window is obtained by modifying the metal metamaterial’s geometrical parameters. Then, the properties of the generated induced window can be modified by varying the Fermi energies of the used graphene sheets in the hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial. The Fermi energies of the graphene sheets are adjusted by applying a voltage that causes the PIT phenomenon to be actively tunable. The proposed structure can be used as an active modulator in o and c communication bands. The designed modulator allows for 85% and 90% amplitude modulation depths (MD) at about 1307 nm and 1554 nm wavelengths.
Asymmetric diffraction grating via optical vortex light in a tunneling quantum dot molecule
Authors: Liu Yijia , Xiang Yuan , Abdulsalam Mohammed Abdulrazak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this letter, we have put out a fresh idea for managing the diffraction sample of optical vortex light that was transmitted from a four-level quantum dot molecule. We describe the creation of a new weak laser field via inter-dot tunneling, which causes the diffraction grating to be dependent on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the optical vortex light. We found that the relative phase between the implemented lights and the OAM number of the vortex light affect the intensity distribution of the asymmetric grating. Additionally, we discovered that the maximum amount of probe energy could be dispersed in higher orders of diffracted angles that were negative and positive by modifying the inter-dot tunneling and OAM number.
A sex-dependent computer-aided diagnosis system for autism spectrum disorder using connectivity of resting-state fMRI
Authors: Haghighat Hossein , Mirzarezaee Mitra , Araabi Babak Nadjar , Khadem Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with the main symptoms of social communication disabilities. ASD is more than four times more common among males than females. The diagnosis of ASD is currently a subjective process by experts the same for males and females. Various studies have suggested the use of brain connectivity features for the diagnosis of ASD. Also, sex-related biological factors have been shown to play a role in ASD etiology and influence the brain connectivity. Therefore, proposing an accurate computer-aided diagnosis system (CADS) for ASD which considers the sex of subjects seems necessary. In this study, we present a sex-dependent connectivity-based CADS for ASD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The proposed CADS classifies ASD males from normal males, and ASD females from normal females. Approach. After data preprocessing, group independent component analysis (GICA) was applied to obtain the resting-state networks (RSNs) followed by applying dual-regression to obtain the time course of each RSN for each subject. Afterwards, functional connectivity measures of full correlation and partial correlation and the effective connectivity measure of bivariate Granger causality were computed between time series of RSNs. To consider the role of sex differences in the classification process, male, female, and mixed groups were taken into account, and feature selection and classification were designed for each sex group separately. At the end, the classification accuracy was computed for each sex group. Main results. In the female group, a classification accuracy of 93.3% was obtained using full correlation while in the male group, a classification accuracy of 86.7% was achieved using both full correlation and bivariate Granger causality. Also, in the mixed group, a classification accuracy of 83.3% was obtained using full correlation. Significance. This supports the importance of considering sex in diagnosing ASD patients from normal controls.
Mitigation of long-lived modes by lower hybrid wave on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Shi P.W. , Zhu X.L. , Liang A.S. , Chen W. , Shi Z.B. , Wang T.B. , Yang Z.C. , Yu L.M. , Jiang M. , He X.X. , Bai X.Y. , Ji X.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Xu M. , Wang Z.X. , Duan X.R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mitigation of long-lived mode (LLM) by lower hybrid wave (LHW) is recently achieved on the HL-2A tokamak. The LLM changes from a typical steady-state to a fishbone-like frequency-chirping characteristic, and its higher poloidal harmonics disappear when LHW is injected into toroidal plasma. It is found that density fluctuation declines during this process while the total neutron count increases gradually. Those evidences indicate there is a mitigation effect of LHW on LLM, and the underlying mechanism can be explained as follows. On one hand, high power LHW firstly causes a drop in toroidal rotation and then results in decline of E × B shear, which is unfavorable for the maintenance of the internal transport barrier. The resulting relaxation of ion temperature gradient enhances thermal transport and leads to a drop of ion temperature at the core region. Thus, the plasma pressure becomes flattened and finally contributes to the mitigation of highly saturated internal mode. On the other hand, hybrid simulation by M3D-K suggests that the off-axis LHW can also reduce the grower rate of LLM via changing safety factor and magnetic shear.
Influence of some agro-technical measures on the yield of wheat of local variety “Istiklol 25” native to Uzbekistan
Authors: Khodjayeva N , Urazbaev I , Sayidkhonov T , Ruzikulova Z 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe yield of winter wheat depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, soil climatic conditions, water, light, feeding regime and applied agro measures. In the cultivation of winter wheat, the external environmental factor or agrotechnology used has a strong impact on yield or grain quality. High and quality grain can be grown when cultivation technology is adapted to the biological characteristics of the varieties. The cultivation technology used is required to optimally meet the demand for its vital factors in the stages of winter wheat orinogenesis. We presented the results of scientific research conducted in Samarkand region on the establishment of primary sowing of intensive varieties of durum wheat “Istiqlol 25” and the development of agro-technical methods to improve the quality of Istiqlol 25. In the variant where 4.5 million germinated seeds were used, the positive result was shown when the fertilizer norms were NPK 180:135:90.
Methods for comparing and improving the quality of local storage of grapes in Uzbekistan
Authors: Sh Azizov A , Toshmatov B A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, several methods of storing the harvest of the grape varieties in a natural way, including storage, vine method, storage in water-filled containers (by the method of legumes) were studied. During the experiments, discrepancy between their quality indicators, advantages and disadvantages of these methods, storage periods and conditions, as well as the amount of dry matter, the amount of nitrate, the pH environment were researched and analyzed. The pertinent results showed that the sugar content of grapes was the lowest according to the characteristics of varieties in the vine method, accounted for 16.3% and the highest in the storage method, which was 21.17 %, the amount of nitrate was not more than 60 mg/kg in the norm, which was also allowed in all methods. Noteworthy, the most acceptable method among them was the bottle method, however, the method needed to be improved in the future.
Storage of apples in different methods in the valley region of Uzbekistan
Authors: Sharipov S Y , Sh Azizov A , Vakkasov Z K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Apple, which is rich in various vitamins and trace elements, plays important role is in daily diet of mankind. Noteworthy, daily consumption of apple helps people to get rid of anemia, which stated in the famous the Laws of Medicine by Avitsenna. The objective of the research is to study and analyze current state of cultivation of apples around the world as well as the country, the types and importance of nutrients, and efficiency of different storage options. During the experiments, Renet Simirenko, Golden delishes and Boyken varieties, which are local varieties for this province, have been studied in refrigerated, ordinary natural warehouses, as well as in simple natural warehouses with ventilation technology. According to the results, the main identified factors influencing the quality of apples during storage, were the temperature of the synthesis of ethylene hormone storage chamber, relative humidity, improved ventilation rate, the dependence of its design parameters on the design of a simple natural warehouse and products stored in refrigerated and ordinary natural warehouses.
Organic contents of residues and nutrients in the short-row crop rotation systems in typical agricultural lands of Uzbekistan
Authors: Iminov A , Kuziboev SH , Matchonov O , Atabaev M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The presence of 0.411% nitrogen, 0.152% phosphorus, 0.209% potassium in the root part of winter wheat, also the presence of 0.207% nitrogen, 0.116% phosphorus, 0.137% potassium element in the stubble part, 1.21% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 0.5% potassium the root part of legumes, 0.39% nitrogen, 0.2% phosphorus, 0.71% potassium the stubble part, 1.25% nitrogen, 0.88% phosphorus, 1.1% potassium the root part of the bean, 0.86% nitrogen, 0.32% phosphorus, 1.1% potassium the stubble part, 1.38% nitrogen, 0.90% phosphorus, 1.0% potassium the root part of the mung bean, 1.22% nitrogen, 0.29 phosphorus, 1.3% potassium in the stubble part and 0.90% nitrogen, 0.33% phosphorus, 0.99% potassium in the root part of mixed siderite (perco + oats + green peas), 0.61% nitrogen, 0.22% phosphorus and 0.68% potassium the stubble part were found in this research. If the total remnant of stubble and root was 2.74 tons/ha when the norm of mineral fertilizers was N180P125K90 kg/ha in winter wheat, in the case of soybean cultivation as a secondary crop, the norm of mineral fertilizers in winter wheat was N180P125K90 kg/ha+15 tons/ha in the soybean with the use of organic-mineral compost was 2.96 tons/ha, which is 0.22 tons/ha higher than in the background with only mineral fertilizers were observed that 31.1–44.9 kg/ha of total nitrogen remained after soybean per 1 ha. It was found that the norms of mineral fertilizers used in the treatment and care of nitragin before sowing the seeds of mung bean and soybeans grown as a secondary crop after winter wheat affected the amount of root and root residues that left the plants in the soil, 0.73-0.93 tons/ha of roots in the soil, 1.30-1.49 tons/ha of sorghum and 0.81-1.04 tons/ha of roots and 1.70% of soybeans grown as secondary crops, 1.92 tons/ha of ore residues were found to remain.
Assessment of hydromineral resources of the southern part of the Pre-Ural Foredeep on the example of spring waters for household use and balneotherapy
Authors: Myazina N G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The results of the research devoted to the geochemistry of natural sources of springs on the territory of the Pre-Ural Artesian Basin are relevant, since the springs are understudied and are not classified according to their chemical composition and purpose. The southern area of the Pre-Ural Artesian Basin with salt-gypsum tectonics was studied. There are many springs with various chemical compositions there. The prevailing salinity level of spring waters varies from 197 to 941 mg/l, with total hardness of 1.33-5.5 mg-eq/l, and with good quality drinking water. The goal was achieved. The hydrogeological conditions and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the source waters were studied. Analogues of mineral waters of the group without “specific” components and properties of the Krainsky and Varninsky types with the salinity level from 1.2-3.36 g/dm3 are found by comparative analysis: sulfate, bicarbonate-sulfate, sulfate-bicarbonate calcium, magnesium-calcium waters. Springs with high salinity sodium chloride leaching waters with 124 g/dm3 for balneotherapy are associated with salt dome structures. A certificate on the exact possible therapeutic properties of spring mineral waters can be issued by the Institutes of Health Research Study after research.
Development of methods for minimizing energy losses in electrical networks
Authors: Chernykh A G , Barykina Y N , Morozevich O A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article analyzes losses in terms of the volume and supply of energy in electric networks using the final report of Rosseti Siberia for 2020. The causes of a decrease in the volume of energy supply and energy losses are analyzed. Methods for reducing energy losses in electrical networks are suggested. They can be used to minimize energy losses and improve the energy efficiency. Functions of the electrical networks are specified to perform more accurate operational calculations and analyze technical losses and their structure.
Experimental research of the process of methane pyrolysis in a layer of liquid tin aiming to get hydrogen
Authors: Dolgikh V D , Pashin A V , Mikheeva G V , Golovanova T N , Kudinov I V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the perspective methods to get the hydrogen with zero CO/CO2 emissions is the thermal decomposition of methane. In the present work, the research was focused on the pyrolysis of methane in a layer of liquid tin. During the experiments, a 30% conversion of methane was obtained for a reactor with a height of 0.1 m. During the thermal decomposition of methane, solid carbon particles appear in the form of soot. These particles must be removed mechanically to avoid clogging the reactor.
Analysis of the Metrological Characteristics of Current Transformers Based on the Results of Periodic Verification
Authors: Vikhareva N A , Krylov V S , Simonova G V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article analyzes the results of verification of measuring current transformers of various types. Based on the results of the analysis, the dependences of the metrological characteristics of measuring current transformers on their type were revealed. A conclusion is made about the applicability of the identified dependencies for assessing the quality level or predicting metrological failures.