bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic potential of Moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica on tomato under greenhouse conditions
Authors: El Aimani Ali , Houari Abdellah , Laasli Salah-Eddine , Mentag Rachid , Iraqi Driss , Diria Ghizlane , Khayi Slimane , Lahlali Rachid , Dababat Abdelfattah A. , Mokrini Fouad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica is a devastating pest affecting tomato production worldwide. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are considered very promising biocontrol agents that could be used to effectively manage plant-parasitic nematode. The antagonistic activity of five EPN strains isolated from different fields in Morocco was evaluated against juvenile (J2s) antagonism in soil, the number of egg masses, and the galling index of M. javanica and J2s reproduction in the root. In greenhouse experiments, Steinernema feltiae strains (EL45 and SF-MOR9), Steinernema sp. (EL30), and those of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HB-MOR7 and EL27) were applied to the soil alongside RKN J2s. There was a significant reduction in M. javanica densities in the soil and roots by EPNs treatments when compared to the positive control. The EPNs decreased both egg masses formation and galling index by 80% compared to the positive control. The application of EPNs at a rate of 50 and 75 infective juveniles (IJs) cm−2 gave significant control of all studied nematological parameters compared to the positive control, which confirmed the importance of the doses applied. The applied dose was significantly correlated with M. javanica parameters according to polynomial regression models. The results also showed that S. feltiae strain (EL45) significantly increased plant height and root length, while H. bacteriophora strain (HB-MOR7) only enhanced root fresh weight. Therefore, both indigenous EPN strains; EL45 and SF-MOR9 have eco-friendly biological potential against M. javanica in vegetable crops.
The toroidal field surfaces in the standard poloidal-toroidal representation of magnetic field
Authors: Yi Sibaek , Choe G. S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe representation of magnetic field as a sum of a toroidal field and a poloidal field has not rarely been used in astrophysics, particularly in relation to stellar and planetary magnetism. In this representation, each toroidal field line lies entirely in a surface, which is named a toroidal field surface. The poloidal field is represented by the curl of another toroidal field and it threads a stack of toroidal field surfaces. If the toroidal field surfaces are either spheres or planes, the poloidal-toroidal (PT) representation is known to have a special property that the curl of a poloidal field is again a toroidal field . We name a PT representation with this property a standard PT representation while one without the property is called a generalized PT representation. In this paper, we have addressed the question whether there are other toroidal field surfaces allowing a standard PT representation than spheres and planes. We have proved that in a three dimensional Euclidean space, there can be no standard toroidal field surfaces other than spheres and planes, which render the curl of a poloidal field to be a toroidal field.
Learning from communication versus observation in great apes
Authors: Marno Hanna , Völter Christoph J. , Tinklenberg Brandon , Sperber Dan , Call Josep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen human infants are intentionally addressed by others, they tend to interpret the information communicated as being relevant to them and worth acquiring. For humans, this attribution of relevance leads to a preference to learn from communication, making it possible to accumulate knowledge over generations. Great apes are sensitive to communicative cues, but do these cues also activate an expectation of relevance? In an observational learning paradigm, we demonstrated to a sample of nonhuman great apes (bonobos, chimpanzees, orangutans; N = 24) how to operate on a food dispenser device. When apes had the opportunity to choose between an effective and an ineffective method in the baseline conditions, the majority of them chose the effective method. However, when the ineffective method was demonstrated in a communicative way, they failed to prioritize efficiency, even though they were equally attentive in both conditions. This suggests that the ostensive demonstration elicited an expectation of relevance that modified apes’ interpretation of the situation, potentially leading to a preference to learn from communication, as human children do.
A dataset for learning stylistic and cultural correlations between music and videos
Authors: Chen Xinyi , Zhang Hui , Wu Songruoyao , Zheng Jun , Sun Lingyun , Zhang Kejun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMusic–visual retrieval is of broad interest in the field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Most research relies on emotional tags or is based on content but does not consider stylistic and cultural differences between music and videos. As a result, only one‐sided dimensions are considered for automatic music retrieval for videos, while the stylistic correlation between audio‐visual is ignored. At the same time, the needs of different cultural regions cannot be well met. Therefore, the first labelled extensive Music Video (MV) dataset, Next‐MV, is constructed in this paper consisting of 6000 pieces of 30‐s MV fragments, including five music style labels and four cultural labels. The proposed Next‐Net framework is built to study the correlation between music style and visual style. The optimal audiovisual feature set and model structure are obtained in the experiments. The accuracy reached 71.1%, higher than the baseline model (66.9%). Furthermore, in the cross‐cultural experiment, it is found that the accuracy of the general fusion model (71.1%) is between the model trained by within‐dataset (76%) and the model trained by cross‐dataset (60%), indicating that culture has a significant influence on the correlation between music and visual. The experiments of pair classification on cultures are further carried out. It is found that Rock and Dance are more culturally influenced than R&B and Hip‐hop. Among all the cultures discussed, Chinese and Japanese music and videos show great differences among most of the styles, while Korean music videos styles are more similar to western styles than other eastern cultures.
M‐CoTransT: Adaptive spatial continuity in visual tracking
Authors: Fan Chunxiao , Zhang Runqing , Ming Yue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVisual tracking is an important area in computer vision. Based on the Siamese network, current tracking methods employ the self‐attention block in convolutional networks to extract semantic features containing the image structure information of an object. However, spatial continuity is a point of contradiction between two seemingly unrelated challenges, that is, occlusion and similar distractor, in tracking methods. At the same time, it is a spatially discontinuous task to locate a target reappearing after occlusion accurately. The prediction of bounding boxes should be constrained by spatial continuity to prevent them from jumping into similar distractors. This study proposes a novel tracking method for introducing spatial continuity in visual tracking called M‐CoTransT; the novel tracking method is developed through the confidence‐based adaptive Markov motion model (M‐model) and a novel correlation‐based feature fusion network (CoTransT). In particular, the M‐model provides confidence for the nodes of the Markov motion model to estimate the motion state continuity. It also predicts a more accurate search region for CoTransT, which then adds a cross‐correlation branch into the self‐attention tracking network to enhance the continuity of target appearance in the feature space. Extensive experiments on five challenging datasets (LaSOT, GOT‐10k, TrackingNet, OTB‐2015 and UAV123) demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed M‐CoTransT in visual tracking.
The effect of end windings and the bearing labyrinth seals on stray capacitances and bearing voltage ratio of AC motors
Authors: Liu Ruifang , Wang Qinqin , Sun Danan , Huai Xiaoji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe bearing voltage brings premature failure of the motor bearings in the subway traction system, which is related to the stray capacitance of the motor. Therefore, the accurate calculation of stray capacitance parameters is of great significance for predicting bearing voltage. In previous studies, stray capacitances generally were acquired from simplified model of the motor. The effect of stator end‐winding and the bearing labyrinth seal on stray capacitance was usually ignored. In this study, the stray capacitance is analysed and the finite element calculation is carried out, and the improved finite element model of motor is proposed, which includes the end‐winding treatment and the bearing labyrinth seal. Then the feasibility of the improved model is verified by the measurement, and it is found that the accurate modelling of end windings has a great influence on the capacitance, and the bearing seal capacitance cannot be ignored while it is used in the motor. Finally, the influence of labyrinth seal parameters on the bearing voltage ratio of the motor is analysed, and it is concluded that the reduction of the radial gap width or the axial gap width of labyrinth seal can effectively reduce the risk of baring current.
Improved simulation modelling and its verification for SiC MOSFET
Authors: Yang Xin , Wang Ziru , Ding Yifei , Li Jiawen , Xu Mengwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOf crucial importance is to accurately simulate its switching characteristics for the application of SiC MOSFET. Due to the ultrafast switching capability, SiC MOSFET is dependent on interelectrode capacitances and extremely sensitive to parasitics. Therefore, accurate modelling of interelectrode capacitances and knowledge of parasitics are required. Here, an improved SiC MOSFET model driven by an empirical formula with three segments for the non‐linear drain‐to‐gate capacitance in relationship with the drain‐to‐source voltage is developed. In this way, the capacitance fitting at the inflection point that has a great impact on the switching delay is much improved. By simple self‐made high‐voltage C–V measurement systems, the accuracy of the proposed formula is verified. More importantly, intruded parasitics by the commonly‐used coaxial shunt current measurement loop is analysed in detail. The equivalent circuit of the current measurement loop is incorporated into the device simulation circuit to compensate measurement errors. In this way, the improved model can be more reliably verified and evaluated. A double pulse test is built to verify the proposed model. By comparison of simulation and experimental results, the proposed model works well at different voltage and current operating conditions and offers a reliable and accurate modelling approach.
Variation in reticulo-rumen volumes between and within sheep breeds and genetic relationships with production traits
Authors: Lambe N. R. , McLaren A. , McLean K. , Gordon J. , Conington J. 
Published: February 2022

Context Reducing methane emissions from livestock systems is a global priority. Genetic selection could play a vital role, but direct measurement of methane emissions from individual sheep is expensive and difficult. Previous research studies, in the UK and internationally, have identified links between rumen morphology, measured by computed tomography (CT) scanning, and methane emissions from sheep. In particular, larger reticulo-rumen volumes (RRvol) are associated with increased methane emissions. Aims The aims were to investigate RRvol differences between breeds and sires, in Texel and Scottish Blackface lambs, and to estimate genetic parameters of RRvol and other production traits in Texel sheep. Methods Scottish Blackface (SBF; n = 151) and Texel (TEX; n = 111) lambs of both sexes, reared together on low-ground pastures, were CT scanned in batches pre-slaughter (average age 20 weeks) and RRvol measured to investigate breed and sire effects. Genetic analysis of RRvol measured in 806 Texel ram lambs (∼20 weeks of age) from the UK’s national breeding programme was undertaken to estimate genetic parameters. Key results SBF lambs had reticulo-rumen volumes 30% larger on average than those of TEX (P < 0.001) at the same live weight. Significant sire differences were identified. RRvol measured from images obtained during routine CT scanning was moderately heritable in TEX lambs (h2 = 0.45, s.e. 0.13). Genetic correlations with RRvol were low for growth traits (rg < 0.1), moderate and negative for carcass composition assessed by ultrasound or CT (rg −0.25 to −0.47) and highly negative for CT-measured carcass weight and muscularity (shape) (rg −0.69 and −0.67, respectively), although standard errors were relatively high (0.17–0.3). Phenotypic correlations were of lower magnitude, but followed similar trends. Conclusions RRvol is under genetic control, varying between breeds, sires and individual animals. Lambs with heavier, more muscular carcasses have lower volume reticulo-rumens. Implications. These results add to our understanding of the relationships between rumen morphology and production traits. The genetic relationships between reticulo-rumen measurements and other economically and environmentally important traits (including methane emissions) should be fully investigated before recommendations can be made on their inclusion in breeding programmes.
Codeswitching and the Egyptian Arabic construct state
Authors: Sedarous Yourdanis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I assume a grammatical approach to codeswitching (MacSwan, 2012), which predicts a ban on codeswitching below the head level. Previous literature has analyzed this ban largely at the word-level, terming it aban on word-internal codeswitching. In this paper I argue that the said ban can also be extended from the lexical domain to certain syntactic domains that act as one word. I test MacSwan’s theory in the context of codeswitching within construct state nominals, a genitive construction prevalent in Semitic languages. The construct state is particularly relevant for discussions on the syntax-phonology interface within codeswitching because it is a complex and productive syntactic structure that is mapped onto one word. The results of an acceptability judgment experiment show lowered acceptability for sentences where a codeswitch occurred within a construct state nominal vs. sentences where the codeswitch occurred outside of a construct state nominal. The lowered acceptability for such codeswitched judgments suggests that the ban on word-internal codeswitching is not in fact limited towordsbut can be extended to complex syntactic units thatprosodically function as one word.
Adaptive Tikhonov strategies for stochastic ensemble Kalman inversion
Authors: Weissmann Simon , Chada Neil K , Schillings Claudia , Tong Xin T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) is a derivative-free optimizer aimed at solving inverse problems, taking motivation from the celebrated ensemble Kalman filter. The purpose of this article is to consider the introduction of adaptive Tikhonov strategies for EKI. This work builds upon Tikhonov EKI (TEKI) which was proposed for a fixed regularization constant. By adaptively learning the regularization parameter, this procedure is known to improve the recovery of the underlying unknown. For the analysis, we consider a continuous-time setting where we extend known results such as well-posedness and convergence of various loss functions, but with the addition of noisy observations for the limiting stochastic differential equations (i.e. stochastic TEKI). Furthermore, we allow a time-varying noise and regularization covariance in our presented convergence result which mimic adaptive regularization schemes. In turn we present three adaptive regularization schemes, which are highlighted from both the deterministic and Bayesian approaches for inverse problems, which include bilevel optimization, the maximum a posteriori formulation and covariance learning. We numerically test these schemes and the theory on linear and nonlinear partial differential equations, where they outperform the non-adaptive TEKI and EKI.
Simultaneous recovery of a locally rough interface and the embedded obstacle with its surrounding medium
Authors: Yang Jiaqing , Li Jianliang , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Consider the problem of scattering of time-harmonic point sources by an infinite locally rough interface with bounded obstacles embedded in the lower half-space. The model problem is first reduced to an equivalent integral equation formulation defined in a bounded domain, where the well-posedness is obtained in L

p
by the classical Fredholm theory. Then a global uniqueness theorem is proved for the inverse problem of recovering the locally rough interface, the embedded obstacles and the wave number in the lower-half space by means of near-field measurements above the interface.
Role of gate electrode in influencing interface trap sensitivity in SOI tunnel FETs
Authors: Deb Deepjyoti , Goswami Rupam , Baruah Ratul Kr , Saha Rajesh , Kandpal Kavindra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article reports the response of a silicon-on-insulator tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) to the presence of semiconductor/ gate dielectric interface traps. A systematic strategy is designed keeping in view different parameters which are related to the gate of the device. Acceptor-like traps, and donor-like traps with Gaussian distribution are considered at the said interface for the entire analysis. Sensitivity % is taken as a figure of merit which measures the deviation of the drain current in presence of traps from the cases with no traps. The effect of temperature on interface traps, and the effect of interface traps on gate leakage current are analyzed. The acceptor-like traps are found to affect the on-state regime, and the donor-like traps are found to affect the ambipolar regime. Analyses on gate–drain underlap, gate–source overlap, shift of entire gate over the device, and gate work-function suggest that the gate electrode plays an important role in determining the sensitivity of the TFETs. Furthermore, noise spectral densities in presence of flicker, diffusion, and monopolar generation-recombination noise sources, and interface traps are reported.
Experimental and modeling studies of the plasma chemistry in a humid Ar radiofrequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Jiang Jingkai , Kondeti V S Santosh K , Nayak Gaurav , Bruggeman Peter J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While humid atmospheric pressure plasmas are extensively modeled, reaction set validation for these conditions remains limited. We present a detailed comparison of a modelling and experimental study with a goal to elucidate the plasma chemistry in a humid Ar radiofrequency-driven atmospheric pressure plasma jet. A large group of species including radicals (H, OH, O, HO2) and long-lived species (H2, O2 and H2O2) in the jet effluent was experimentally quantified by molecular beam mass spectroscopy (MBMS). MBMS measurements of H2O2, OH and H were validated by direct comparison with a liquid phase colorimetric measurement, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and two-photon absorption LIF respectively. While an excellent agreement was found for OH and H2O2 by both techniques, a significant difference was found for H and shown to be due to boundary layer effects at the MBMS sampling substrate. The measured O, OH, HO2 and H2 are in good agreement with the plug model while H and O2 were underestimated and H2O2 was overestimated by the model. The accuracy of both the used reaction set and the diagnostics, as well as the observed discrepancies between the modeling and experimental results, are critically assessed. The results presented in this work enable us to identify further data needs for describing H2O vapor chemistry in low-temperature plasmas.
Band alignment of atomic layer deposited MoS2/(HfO2)
x
(Al2O3)1−x
heterojunctions for device applications
Authors: Zhao Dong-Hui , Tian Zi-Liang , Xu Hang , Chen Jin-Xin , Zhu Hao , Chen Lin , Sun Qing-Qing , Zhang David Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, wafer-scale continuous and uniform MoS2/(HfO2)
x
(Al2O3)1−x
(HfAlO) heterojunctions were prepared by atomic layer deposition. The energy band alignment of MoS2/HfAlO heterojunctions was systematically investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence band offsets were deduced to be 3.19 ± 0.1, 3.01 ± 0.1, 2.94 ± 0.1, and 2.91 ± 0.1 eV for the heterojunctions of MoS2/Al2O3, MoS2/(HfO2)0.45(Al2O3)0.55, MoS2/(HfO2)0.60(Al2O3)0.40 and MoS2/(HfO2)0.78(Al2O3)0.22, while the conduction band offsets were measured as 2.51 ± 0.1, 2.17 ± 0.1, 2.00 ± 0.1, and 1.85 ± 0.1 eV, respectively. All MoS2/HfAlO interfaces exhibited type-I band alignment. Furthermore, a MoS2 field-effect transistor with HfAlO as the gate dielectric layer was fabricated, and the gate leakage of the device was only a few picoamperes, which ensured high reliability and low power consumption. These encouraging results suggest that HfAlO is a promising dielectric material for applications in MoS2-based electronics and optoelectronics.
Do stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric models of a polar surface affect their structural, energetic and electronic structure properties? A DFT case study of Ru/MgO(111)
Authors: Thang Ho Viet , Chen Hsin-Yi Tiffany 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The structural, energetic and electronic structure properties of stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric slab models of bare MgO(111) and Ru/MgO(111) with different coverages of 1 monolayer (ML), 1/4 ML and 1/16 ML have been investigated using spin-polarized density functional theory. Calculated results show that the structural, energetic properties and charge transfer of both bare MgO(111) and Ru/MgO(111) are independent of the stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric models. In contrast, their density of state (DOS) profiles demonstrate metal and half-metal characters for the stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric bare MgO(111) surfaces, respectively. The Ru–O orbital coupling characters of these two types of Ru/MgO(111) models are also different. This work indicates that for a polar surface model, the calculated features and trends of the structural and energetic properties, charge distributions and magnetic structures might not be affected by their stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric models; however, the detailed features of their DOS features would strongly depend on the models constructed.
Contour recognition method of Hall-effect-based whisker sensor
Authors: Zeng Lu , Zhang Shouming , Xie Tao , Zhao Chonglin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel Hall-effect-based whisker sensor and proposes a contour recognition algorithm for distinguishing and recognizing objects. The mechanical arm drives the sensor to move according to the contour recognition algorithm in the experiments, and the object contour is distinguished and recognized by processing the detected spatial magnetic field data. The results of identifying the measured object with harder carbon fiber and softer ABS whiskers were compared and analyzed, and a new design was proposed based on the advantages of soft and hard materials. The newly designed whisker with glass fiber and stainless steel rod nested reduced the contour recognition error to 4.1%. The experimental results showed that the sensor could distinguish the contour of the straight line and circular objects, and the glass fiber and stainless steel rod nested sensor had a better recognition effect.