bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment planning with a 2.5 MV photon beam for radiation therapy
Authors: Khaledi Navid , Hayes Chris , Belshaw Louise , Grattan Mark , Khan Rao , Gräfe James L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe shallow depth of maximum dose and higher dose fall‐off gradient of a 2.5 MV beam along the central axis that is available for imaging on linear accelerators is investigated for treatment of shallow tumors and sparing the organs at risk (OARs) beyond it. In addition, the 2.5 MV beam has an energy bridging the gap between kilo‐voltage (kV) and mega‐voltage (MV) beams for applications of dose enhancement with high atomic number (Z) nanoparticles.MethodsWe have commissioned and utilized a MATLAB‐based, open‐source treatment planning software (TPS), matRad, for intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose calculations. Treatment plans for prostate, liver, and head and neck (H&N), nasal cavity, two orbit cases, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were performed and compared to a conventional 6 MV beam. Additional Monte Carlo calculations were also used for benchmarking the central axis dose.ResultsBoth beams had similar planning target volume (PTV) dose coverage for all cases. However, the 2.5 MV beam deposited 6%–19% less integral doses to the nasal cavity, orbit, and GBM cases than 6 MV photons. The mean dose to the heart in the liver plan was 10.5% lower for 2.5 MV beam. The difference between the doses to OARs of H&N for two beams was under 3%. Brain mean dose, brainstem, and optic chiasm max doses were, respectively, 7.5%–14.9%, 2.2%–8.1%, and 2.5%–19.0% lower for the 2.5 MV beam in the nasal cavity, orbit, and GBM plans.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the 2.5 MV beam can produce clinically relevant treatment plans, motivating future efforts for design of single‐energy LINACs. Such a machine will be capable of producing beams at this energy beneficial for low‐ and middle‐income countries, and investigations on dose enhancement from high‐Z nanoparticles.
An In Vitro Engineered Osteochondral Model as Tool to Study Osteoarthritis Environment
Authors: Scalzone Annachiara , Cerqueni Giorgia , Wang Xiao‐Nong , Ferreira‐Duarte Ana , Dalgarno Kenny , Mattioli‐Belmonte Monica , Gentile Piergiorgio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative pathology characterized by mechanical and inflammatory damages affecting synovium, articular cartilage (AC), and subchondral bone (SB). Several in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models are developed to study OA, but to date the identification of specific pharmacological targets seems to be hindered by the lack of models with predictive capabilities. This study reports the development of a biomimetic in vitro model of AC and SB interface. Gellan gum methacrylated and chondroitin sulfate/dopamine hydrogels are used for the AC portion, whereas polylactic acid functionalized with gelatin and nanohydroxyapatite for the SB. The physiological behavior of immortalized stem cells (Y201s) and Y201s differentiated in chondrocytes (Y201‐Cs), respectively, for the SB and AC, is demonstrated over 21 days of culture in vitro in healthy and pathological conditions, whilst modeling the onset of cytokines‐induced OA. The key metrics are: lower glycosaminoglycans production and increased calcification given by a higher Collagen X content, in the AC deep layer; higher expression of pro‐angiogenic factor (vegf) and decreased expression of osteogenic markers (coll1, spp1, runx2) in the SB. This novel approach provides a new tool for studying the development and progression of OA.
Electrochemical Ionic Synapses: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Huang Mantao , Schwacke Miranda , Onen Murat , del Alamo Jesús , Li Ju , Yildiz Bilge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArtificial neural networks based on crossbar arrays of analog programmable resistors can address the high energy challenge of conventional hardware in artificial intelligence applications. However, state‐of‐the‐art two‐terminal resistive switching devices based on conductive filament formation suffer from high variability and poor controllability. Electrochemical ionic synapses are three‐terminal devices that operate by electrochemical and dynamic insertion/extraction of ions that control the electronic conductivity of a channel in a single solid‐solution phase. They are promising candidates for programmable resistors in crossbar arrays because they have shown uniform and deterministic control of electronic conductivity based on ion doping, with very low energy consumption. Here, the desirable specifications of these programmable resistors are presented. Then, an overview of the current progress of devices based on Li+, O2−, and H+ ions and material systems is provided. Achieving nanosecond speed, low operation voltage (≈1 V), low energy consumption, with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatibility all simultaneously remains a challenge. Toward this goal, a physical model of the device is constructed to provide guidelines for the desired material properties to overcome the remaining challenges. Finally, an outlook is provided, including strategies to advance materials toward the desirable properties and the future opportunities for electrochemical ionic synapses.
High Sensitivity Spin Defects in hBN Created by High‐Energy He Beam Irradiation
Authors: Liang Haidong , Chen Yuan , Yang Chengyuan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Eda Goki , Bettiol Andrew A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently the negatively charged boron vacancies () in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been shown as spin defects that have great potential in quantum sensing. However, so far the sensitivity is limited by either photoluminescence (PL) intensity or the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) contrast, and linewidth. In this work, the generation of these spin defects is demonstrated using high‐energy helium ion beams, and ODMR measurements with different laser and microwave powers are performed. The spin defects generated by high‐energy helium ions exhibit a high PL intensity and ODMR contrast while keeping a small linewidth, hence a good sensitivity. By comparing different fluences of helium irradiations, an optimal fluence is determined which is sufficient in creating spin defects without damaging the overall crystal lattice structure. With this optimal fluence, a high signal‐to‐noise ratio ODMR spectrum can be obtained with an accurate measurement of zero‐field splitting frequency, and a best sensitivity as . Moreover, with a focused beam, such spin defects can be created deterministically with nanometer precision.
Recurrent FOXP4 nonsense variant in two unrelated patients: Association with neurodevelopmental disease and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Del Viso Florencia , Zhou Dihong , Thiffault Isabelle , Lawson Caitlin , Cross Laura , Jenkins Janda , Rush Eric , Saunders Carol 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDe novo variants in FOXP4 were recently associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and language delay, growth abnormalities, hypotonia, and variable congenital abnormalities, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cervical spine abnormalities, strabismus, cryptorchidism, and ptosis. The variant spectrum in this small cohort was limited to de novo missense except for one frameshift, the inheritance of which was unknown. Variants tested in vitro exhibited reduced repressor transcriptional activity, indicating loss of function is the likely mechanism of disease, but only one frameshift variant was reported. Here, we report four affected individuals from two unrelated families heterozygous for a nonsense variant, c.1893C > G, p.Tyr631*, in FOXP4. The phenotype of the affected children includes developmental delay, feeding difficulties in infancy, and similar facial features. In both cases, the variant was inherited from a parent with mild or even subclinical features. Interestingly, one patient presented with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, as reported in two other FOXP4 patients. This report implicates FOXP4 truncating variants in human disease and highlights the wide phenotypic spectrum and variable expressivity.
Characteristics of patients with hip fractures and comorbid fall‐related injuries in the emergency department
Authors: Ishizawa Ryo , Nakanishi Nobuto , Keibun Liu , Sonoo Tomohiro , Nakamura Kensuke , Goto Tadahiro 
Published: October 2022

AimHip fracture is one of the most common fall‐related injuries in the elderly population. Although falls may cause multiple types of injuries, no study has investigated the details of fall‐related injuries accompanied by hip fractures. This study aimed to characterize the features of such injuries.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study using data from four tertiary emergency departments in Japan. We identified patients diagnosed with hip fracture including femoral neck fracture, trochanter fracture, or subtrochanteric fracture from May 12, 2014 to July 12, 2021. Among patients with hip fracture, we included those with fall‐related hip fracture. We excluded patients ages <40 years old and whose fall was high energy onset, defined as fall from more than three steps or 1 m.ResultsAmong 326 emergency departments patients diagnosed with fall‐related hip fracture, 288 patients were eligible for the analysis. Seventeen patients (6%) had injuries in addition to hip fractures. The most frequent injury was upper limb injury (e.g., distal radial fracture; n = 5, 30%), followed by head injury (e.g., subdural hematoma; n = 4, 24%), chest injury (e.g., pneumothorax; n = 2, 12%), and trunk injury (vertebral compression fracture; n = 2, 12%). There were no significantly different clinical characteristics between patients with hip injuries and those without.ConclusionA total of 6% of patients diagnosed with hip fracture had other fall‐related injuries. The most frequent were upper limb injury and head injury. Our findings underscore the importance of whole‐body assessment in patients with fall‐related hip fracture in the emergency department.
Synthese und Anwendung von Alkalimetallantimoniden – ein neuer Ansatz in der Antimonchemie
Authors: Dollberg Kevin , Schneider Selina , Richter Roman‐Malte , Dunaj Tobias , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlkalimetalldihydrogenantimonide [M(L)xSbH2], kurz: Alkalimetallantimonide (M=Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; 1: L=pmdta; 2: L=Kronenether), wurden aus Stiban und n‐Butyllithium, M(hmds) (hmds=Hexamethyldisilazan) bzw. MOtBu hergestellt. Wir haben einen allgemein anwendbaren Syntheseweg für diese Verbindungen entwickelt und die erhaltenen Verbindungen auf ihre Stabilität in Abhängigkeit vom verwendeten Alkalimetall und stabilisierenden Additiv untersucht, wobei die Verwendung geeigneter Kronenether ihre Isolierung und Charakterisierung bei Raumtemperatur ermöglichte. Darüber hinaus war das 1,4‐Dioxan‐Addukt [Na(dioxan)xSbH2] die geeignete Ausgangsverbindung für die Synthese des ersten primären Silylstibans (Me3Si)3SiSbH2 (3), welches NMR‐ und IR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert wurde. Die Reaktion von 3 mit (Dipp2NacNac)Ga (Dipp2NacNac=HC{C(Me)N(Dipp)}2; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) führte zur Bildung von (Dipp2NacNac)GaH(SbHSi(SiMe3)3) (4), das durch Röntgenbeugung am Einkristall charakterisiert werden konnte.
Fabricating Industry‐Compatible Olefin‐Linked COF Resins for Oxoanion Pollutant Scavenging
Authors: Zhang Penghui , Wang Zhifang , Wang Sa , Wang Jian , Liu Jinjin , Wang Ting , Chen Yao , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale and low‐cost synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to meet the demands of industrial application remains formidably challenge. Here we report using 2,4,6‐collidine as monomer to produce a series of highly crystalline olefin‐linked COFs by a melt polymerization method. This method enables the kilogram‐scale fabrication of self‐shaped monolithic robust foams. The afforded COFs possess extremely low cost (<50 USD/kg), superior to all the reported COFs. Furthermore, using one‐pot or post‐modification methods can conveniently transform neutral COFs to ionic COFs, which can be applied as highly efficient ion‐exchange sorbents for scavenging oxoanion pollutants. Remarkably, the superior adsorption capacity of a model oxoanion (ReO4−) is the highest among crystalline porous materials reported so far. This work not only expands the scopes of olefin‐linked COFs but also enlightens the route for the industrial production of crystalline ion exchange sorbents.
Unraveling the Catalyst‐Solvent Interactions in Lean‐Electrolyte Sulfur Reduction Electrocatalysis for Li−S Batteries
Authors: Li Huan , Meng Rongwei , Guo Yong , Ye Chao , Kong Debin , Johannessen Bernt , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEfficient catalyst design is important for lean‐electrolyte sulfur reduction in Li−S batteries. However, most of the reported catalysts were focused on catalyst‐polysulfide interactions, and generally exhibit high activity only with a large excess of electrolyte. Herein, we proposed a general rule to boost lean‐electrolyte sulfur reduction by controlling the catalyst‐solvent interactions. As evidenced by synchrotron‐based analysis, in situ spectroscopy and theoretical computations, strong catalyst‐solvent interaction greatly enhances the lean‐electrolyte catalytic activity and battery stability. Benefitting from the strong interaction between solvent and cobalt catalyst, the Li−S battery achieves stable cycling with only 0.22 % capacity decay per cycle with a low electrolyte/sulfur mass ratio of 4.2. The lean‐electrolyte battery delivers 79 % capacity retention compared with the battery with flooded electrolyte, which is the highest among the reported lean‐electrolyte Li−S batteries.
Fabrication and testing of mixed matrix membranes of UiO‐66‐NH2 in cellulose acetate for CO2 separation from model biogas
Authors: Tanvidkar Priya , Jonnalagedda Aditya , Kuncharam Bhanu Vardhan Reddy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) of UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticles dispersed in Cellulose Acetate (CA) were prepared with filler loading of 2–20 wt%. MMMs were tested for the upgradation of model biogas (60%–40%) mixture of CH4/CO2 at a feed pressure of 2 bar and 1.5 bar. Detailed characterization of MMMs was performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to investigate the physical and thermal properties. MMMs formed are defects‐free, voids‐free, and without polymer rigidification, indicating a better filler polymer interface. MMMs showed improved CO2 permeability while retaining the CO2/CH4 selectivity. The 10 wt.% UiO‐66‐NH2/CA MMM showed optimum gas separation performance with CO2 permeability of 11 Barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 10. The UiO‐66‐NH2/CA MMMs performed better when compared to the pure CA membrane. The experimental permeability and selectivity data were compared with the predicted data using Maxwell, Lewis–Nielsen, Higuchi, and Bruggeman's model.
Two‐Dimensional MXene as a Nanofluidic Anolyte Additive for Enhancing Performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Vala Mizrak Ali , Ehring Jonathan C. , Shekhirev Mikhail , Lord Robert W. , Aküzüm Bilen , Singh Pushpendra , Gogotsi Yury , Kumbur E. Caglan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, Ti3C2TxMXene was investigated as a nanofluidic anolyte additive in vanadium redox flow batteries to improve the sluggish kinetics of V2+/V3+redox reaction. Numerous electrochemical tests under flow and static conditions were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of MXenes for VRFB applications. Pressure drop tests and morphology analysis were also conducted to better understand the hydraulic effects of MXene addition into the anolyte. The nanofluidic anolytes with the concentration of 0.10 and 0.15 wt% showed the best electrochemical performance, although the former induced less aggravated hydraulic effects within a reasonable pressure drop range. At a current density of 200 mA cm−2, the nanofluidic analyte containing 0.10 wt% MXene was able to utilize 67 % of the theoretical capacity. Contrarily, with the pristine anolyte, only 10 % of the theoretical capacity could be utilized due to excessive losses. Moreover, the energy efficiency up to 74 % is observed for the nanofluidic electrolyte, which is an increase of 25 % compared to the pristine anolyte. Primarily, the enhanced battery performance was attributed to the improved electrocatalytic activity towards the anodic V2+/V3+redox reaction. Furthermore, a dynamic, web‐like, flowing electrode network is shown to increase the mass transport capacity of porous carbon felt electrodes by creating additional, abundant, and electrochemically active surfaces within the pores.
Intestinal absorption pathways of lisinopril: Mechanistic investigations
Authors: Elewa Sarah H. , Osman Mohamed A. , Essa Ebtessam A. , Sultan Amal A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLisinopril is an antihypertensive drug with poor intestinal permeability. Enhancement of intestinal absorption depends on a clear understanding of the permeation pathways and absorption mechanisms. Unfortunately, these are not fully elucidated for lisinopril. Accordingly, the aim was to determine lisinopril permeation pathways and obstacles limiting membrane transport with subsequent nomination of appropriate permeation enhancers. This employed an in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique, which revealed site‐dependent absorptive clearance (PeA/L) from a lisinopril simple solution (5 μg/ml), with paracellular absorption playing a role. Regional drug permeability ranked as colon> duodenum> jejunum> ileum opposing intestinal expression rank of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) efflux transporters. Duodenal and jejunal perfusion of a higher lisinopril concentration (50 μg/ml) reflected saturable absorption, suggesting carrier‐mediated transport. The effect of piperine and verapamil as P‐gp inhibitors on intestinal absorption of lisinopril was investigated. Coperfusion with either piperine or verapamil significantly enhanced lisinopril absorption, with enhancement being dominant in the ileum segment. This supported the contribution of P‐gp transporters to poor lisinopril permeability. On the other hand, coperfusion of lisinopril with zinc acetate dihydrate significantly multiplied lisinopril PeA/L by 2.3‐ and 6.6‐fold in duodenum and ileum segments, respectively, through magnifying intestinal water flux. The study explored the barriers limiting lisinopril intestinal absorption. Moreover, the study exposed clinically relevant lisinopril interactions with common coadministered cargos that should be considered for an appropriate lisinopril regimen. However, this requires further in vivo verification.
Extrusion cooking of food‐to‐food fortified wholegrain sorghum‐based porridges enhances Caco‐2 ferritin formation
Authors: Lubaale John , Taylor John R. N. , Emmambux Mohammad Naushad , Duodu Kwaku G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIron deficiency is still a major public health concern in sub‐Saharan Africa, and this is in part due to a monotonous diet of cereals often low in bioavailable minerals and high in mineral bioavailability inhibitors, notably phytate and polyphenols. Sorghum is a major food crop across the semi‐arid tropics in Africa because of its tolerance to high temperature and low rainfall. Extrusion cooking is a process that applies high heat, pressure, and shear to raw food materials to produce ready‐to‐eat products. The application of high heat, pressure, and shear can destroy anti‐nutrients in plant foods and hence enhance the bioavailability of minerals. Food‐to‐food fortification (FtFF) is a strategy where micronutrient‐rich food combinations are used to promote the bioavailability of essential micronutrients by increasing the content of micronutrient bioavailability enhancers. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of extrusion cooking of wholegrain sorghum‐based porridges fortified with baobab fruit powder and moringa leaf powder on iron bioaccessibility.FindingsAlthough extrusion reduced bioaccessible iron content (BIC) and percentage bioaccessible iron (PBI), it enhanced ferritin‐formation in Caco‐2 cells (by 38%) compared to conventional cooking, most probably because extrusion reduced contents of phenolics and phytate, hence freeing more iron. Fortification with baobab increased PBI by 14%–34% whether extruded or conventionally cooked, probably due to its organic acids. Fortification with moringa reduced BIC and PBI (by 30% and 71%, respectively) whether extruded or conventionally‐cooked, probably due to its high calcium and phytate contents.ConclusionExtrusion cooking has the potential to help alleviate iron deficiency in sorghum‐based foods because it reduces the content of anti‐nutrients.Significance and NoveltyThis study highlights the potential of extrusion cooking coupled with fortification with tropical foodstuffs high in organic acids to improve iron bioavailability in wholegrain‐based starchy staple foods.
Enantioselective C−H Bond Functionalization Involving Arene Ruthenium(II) Catalysis
Authors: Liang Hao , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThep‐Cymene ruthenium(II) complex is one of the most widely used catalysts in C−H activation. However, enantioselective C−H activation promoted by arene ruthenium(II) complexes has not been realized until recently. The revealed strategies include intramolecular nitrene C−H insertion, the use of chiral transient directing groups, chiral carboxylic acid, relay catalysis, and chiral arene ligands. In this minireview, these advances are summarized and discussed in the hope of spurring further developments.
Substituent Effects in Iron Porphyrin Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction**
Authors: Heppe Nils , Gallenkamp Charlotte , Paul Stephen , Segura‐Salas Nicole , von Rhein Niklas , Kaiser Bernhard , Jaegermann Wolfram , Jafari Atefeh , Sergueev Ilya , Krewald Vera , Kramm Ulrike I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor a future hydrogen economy, non‐precious metal catalysts for the water splitting reactions are needed that can be implemented on a global scale. Metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (MNC) catalysts with active sites constituting a metal center with fourfold coordination of nitrogen (MN4) show promising performance, but an optimization rooted in structure‐property relationships has been hampered by their low structural definition. Porphyrin model complexes are studied to transfer insights from well‐defined molecules to MNC systems. This work combines experiment and theory to evaluate the influence of porphyrin substituents on the electronic and electrocatalytic properties of MN4 centers with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolyte. We found that the choice of substituent affects their utilization on the carbon support and their electrocatalytic performance. We propose an HER mechanism for supported iron porphyrin complexes involving a [FeII(P⋅)]− radical anion intermediate, in which a porphinic nitrogen atom acts as an internal base. While this work focuses on the HER, the limited influence of a simultaneous interaction with the support and an aqueous electrolyte will likely be transferrable to other catalytic applications.