bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of electrical energy losses in a DC traction rail network during heavy traffic
Authors: Isaicheva A G , Basharkin M V , Zolkin A L , Losev A N , Giniyatullina D R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe growth of traction current leads to losses of electrical energy in the traction rail network, which entails losses for railway companies, including the Russian Railways holding. Additional losses arise due to the deterioration of the resistance of the elements, which occurs in a shorter time in terms of sections on which the movement of trains of increased mass and length is not carried out. Equations for estimation of the power and electrical energy losses in the DC traction rail network have been obtained. These equations are applicable both for the calculation at the sections of the circulation of freight trains, the mass of which does not exceed the weight norm established by the schedule on the route of this train, and taking into account the correction for the passage of long and heavy trains. A simulation model that makes it possible to assess the power losses in a section of a traction rail network depending on changes in the resistance of both individual elements and entire groups that make up the traction rail network, as well as to analyze the effect of the transition resistance rail-ground on the magnitude of leakage currents has been prepared. The need to constantly maintain the elements of the traction rail network in a working condition is determined. It is explained by a significant increase in losses in electrical energy when passing trains of increased weight and length, even with minor deviations of the resistance values from those established by the regulatory documentation. To maintain an operable state and reduce the likelihood of the appearance of faulty elements of the traction rail network, entailing the loss of electrical energy, it is proposed to develop automated monitoring systems for the traction rail network, which ensure the adoption of decisions on the need for maintenance or repair of an element of the traction rail network and transmit information about this repair personnel on duty.
Heavy metals in system “atmospheric air - water - soil - crop products”
Authors: Zakharova A , Sadovaya I I , Kucher D E , Pashkang N N , Mashkova E I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents results of heavy metals (HMs) monitoring in system “atmospheric air - water - soil - crop production” on three territories with different levels of pollution where agricultural fields and livestock complexes are situated. Highly hazardous Cd, Pb, Zn and moderately hazardous Cu are priority HMs for Ryazan region. A direct relationship has been established between the concentration of heavy metals on territories of different ecological conditions, as evidenced by the high concentration ratios of toxicants in environmental objects. The total pollution of facilities in JSC Avangard in Ryazan district, located within the regional center of Ryazan, is 13 % and 33 % higher in comparison with other two farms, which is explained by the entry of HMs into the environment with emissions and discharges of enterprises, their sedimentation into other environments.
Technological development and patent activity in the Russian energy sector
Authors: Pyataeva A , Evdokimova M I , Britvina V V , Goryunova N A , Vasutina E S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The material provides an analysis of the number of organizations developing/using advanced production technologies, as well as the number of advanced production technologies developed and used in energy sector. The article concludes with data on the effects (or lack thereof) of the introduction of advanced production technologies by enterprises (statistical observation participants) and the obstacles to the successful implementation of advanced production technologies.
Modeling gas turbine electro power station typical operating modes using pre-trained artificial neural network
Authors: Kilin G A , Kavalerov B V , Suslov A I , Tyatenkov I A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article discusses the gas turbine electric power stations model creation on the converted aircraft engines basis. Simulation is necessary for the development and control algorithms computer testing for such electric power stations. For this, the developed control algorithms must be tested in various situations arising during the power stations operation. It is well known that it is difficult or impossible to reproduce the most critical modes in real operation and on test benches. Therefore, such studies are carried out on mathematical models, using various designs semi-natural stands, in which real control equipment is interfaced with a mathematical model that reproduces the electrical system behavior. The article discusses a possible solution to this problem: for individual characteristic modes, simplified, fast-solving models with a limited adequacy area, but with high performance, are built. The article proposes to assign the task of constructing such models to an artificial neural network. This opens up additional opportunities for reducing the time required to obtain such models, for example, by using neural networks that have already been trained for a different mode, which in the future will allow expanding the adequacy area of the created neural network models.
Analysis of reliability indicators in the supply of thermal energy using geographic information systems
Authors: Vorobeva Yu A , Lobanov D V , Kuripta O V , Drapaluk N A , Merchiev A A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The analysis of existing heating systems in Russian cities was carried out. The predominant systems in most cities are centralized from CHPPs, industrial and district boiler houses. The functional structure of the city of Voronezh is analyzed - the system of centralized heat supply of the city is divided between different legal entities transfer of heat energy to consumers. The main problems of the city heat supply are considered. Proposed a set of measures to improve the efficiency of the heat supply of Voronezh, such as the introduction of an electronic model of heat supply of the city and the use of technical means to improve energy efficient mode of heating networks. Comparison of the existing available capacity of heat supply sources and perspective heat load in each of the allocated zones of sources was carried out.
Intelligent metering systems designed to achieve energy efficiency of the production process
Authors: Yanjie Zhang , Hongyu Liu , Xin Yu Liu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The intelligent electricity metering system is designed to collect data from electricity meters in an automatic mode (i.e. without the direct participation of the electricity consumer and other persons). Intelligent energy metering systems rely on a network of smart meters and have a number of new features: bidirectional interaction with meters; automated processing and storage of large amounts of data; flexible and user-friendly interface; active involvement of consumers in the process of energy management
Green technologies in energy and materials science -development prospects
Authors: Zhenzhurist I A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Literature information about the problems in the technology of energy and ceramics is given. In the article the information about the promising directions of development of energy and firing technologies, about the influence of sintering material in the microwave field on the structure and properties of the material and the prospects of this direction in the hydrogen energy industry is considered. The results of firing samples of diatomite with additives of carbonate clay (marl) and NaCl salt in a microwave oven are considered. Microphotographs of the structures of the obtained materials are presented. For compositions of diatomite, a mixture of diatomite, marl and NaCl salt, the results of X-ray diffraction analysis and microphotographs of material structures are considered. For diatomite containing montmorillonite clay, a large exothermic effect in the temperature range 400 - 700 ° C was found upon heating. The composition based on diatomite with the addition of marl and salt passes this temperature range with endothermic effect. A promising direction of research into the technology of synthesis and storage of hydrogen is shown.
Investigation of a DC voltage boost converter based on a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component
Authors: Aflyatunov R R , Vasilyev P I , Khazieva R T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The methods of functional integration of discrete electrical and electromagnetic components allow to increase the reliability and efficiency of electrical energy conversion systems, to reduce their weight and dimensions. The authors proposed a solution based on replacing some individual discrete components of a DC voltage boost converter with a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component (MIEC). The component acts as an inductor and filter capacitor. A computer model of a DC voltage boost converter based on MIEC in the MatLab software package has been developed. The graphs of the output voltage are obtained. The circuits of step-up converters of constant voltage are analyzed. The optimal for the implementation of the replacement of the inductor and the filter capacitor with a multifunctional integrated electromagnetic component has been chosen. A circuit of a DC voltage boost converter based on MIEC is assembled. Oscillograms of the output voltage were taken. The analysis of the computer model and laboratory test sample was carried out.
Assessment of the partial discharges impact on the new type 20 kV busbar with cast insulation
Authors: Kovalev D I , Voronkova E M , Golubev D V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article considers the partial discharges impact on busbars of voltage class 20 kV. The composition of a new type insulation includes a dusty inert material, which contributes to an increase in electrical strength. As a result of the tests carried out, the amplitude of partial discharges was recorded. It did not exceed the standard values. Also, areas of partial discharges high-amplitude values were recorded less than busbars without filler.
Hydrodynamic parameters when filtering chromium-containing wastewater through a layer of fibrous waste
Authors: Gudkov A G , Pavlov M V , Karpov D F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
It is feasible to filter low-concentration liquid waste of electroplating enterprises containing chromium compounds using filter columns loaded with fibrous aluminum-containing waste from the production of glass composites. The hydrodynamic parameters during filtration of wastewater through this material have been experimentally studied. The value of the constant in the Kozeny-Carman equation is determined for different degrees of filling of the filter volume, the total and reaction surface of the fibrous wastes are specified. A dependence for calculating head losses in the filter is proposed.
Heat production model by a heat pump
Authors: Koroli M A , Kh Ishnazarov O 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article deals with the possibility of determining the consumption of electrical energy by heat pumps. In the course of research experimental measurements have been made and energy characteristics of heat pump have been determined. The parameters of the heat pump, which essentially influence the degree of heat production, are determined. As a result of statistical processing of the experimental data the regression model of heat production by the heat pump is received.
Calculation of AIIS reliability indicators
Authors: Semenov A F , Klunduk G A , Debrin A S , Zapletina A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The object of research in this paper is the measurement and information complexes of electricity metering (IIC) AIIS KUE designed for measuring, calculating and storing data on electricity consumption at a substation and include: measuring current transformers (TT); measuring voltage transformers (TN); secondary circuits; three-phase multifunctional electric energy meters; secondary electrical circuits; technical means of data transmission channels. The purpose of the work is to check the points of commercial accounting of the AIIS KUE for compliance with the technical requirements of the wholesale electricity and capacity market (OPEM). Modernization of the existing ASKUE will solve the following tasks: 1. Improving the accuracy of commercial electricity metering; 2. Providing reliable and reliable commercial information on the volumes of transmitted and consumed electricity and capacity for making settlements on the wholesale electricity market between the energy supply organization and consumers.
Diesel locomotive fuel supply system under utilization of slush-like (heterogenic) liquefied natural gas
Authors: Asabin V V , Kabanov P A , Kurmanova L S , Erzamaev M P , Artamonov E I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article analyzes the existing systems for storing and supplying fuel for diesel locomotives. A storage and fuel supply system for a diesel locomotive converted to slush -like (geterogenic) liquefied natural gas has been developed, its advantages are performed. The use of the cooling resource of the slurry fuel of a diesel locomotive to reduce the temperature of the charge air has been substantiated. The coefficient of utilization of the cooling resource of slush-like fuel has been derived. A comparison of the theoretical results of the methodology for calculating the heat-and-power indicators of a diesel locomotive engine converted to a slush-like(geterogenic) liquefied natural gas and the results of a computational experiment have been provided.
The 0.38 kV “Green Network” Operating Modes Simulation with Multi-Level Unbalanced Power Consumption
Authors: Naumov IgorV , Podyachikh Sergey V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article considers modeling, parameters calculation and analysis of the rural electric networks operating modes, containing power take-off units with multi-level unbalanced power consumption. At the same time, a low-voltage electrical network section fragment is considered as a certain cluster in the structure of an extensive and heterogeneous 0.38 kV network. The model is made for a certain “green network” cluster variant, containing several nodes of highly unbalancing power consumption with a balancing device (BD). Connecting options the BD in various power take-off nodes, including power supply buses, are considered. As a balancing technical means, a device is presented that has a minimum resistance to zero-sequence currents with its power automatically control in a zero-sequence currents function. The main criteria for assessing the currents and voltages unbalanced level are the zero-sequence voltage unbalance coefficient, which characterizes the power quality, as well as the power loss coefficient, which characterizes the increase in power and energy losses in the unbalanced mode. Based on the developed method, algorithm and computer program “Unbalance”, the calculation was made and the changes characteristics in the studied indicators were constructed using modern the Matlab graphics editor technologies. The analysis of the studied indicators was carried out, on the which basis the most appropriate node in the electrical network model was determined, where the functioning efficiency of the balancing device will be the greatest.
Justification of the choice of heat-insulating material for the underground method of laying heat pipelines at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Lipkovich I E , Tokareva A N , Panchenko S V , Ukraintsev M M , Postovalov A N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The issues of using pipelines of heating networks with modern heat-insulating materials are considered. The features of calculating the estimated cost of a heating main for pipelines with insulation made of recently developed materials are indicated. The graphical dependences of the change in the specific estimated cost on the depth of laying of heat pipes with modern heat-insulating materials are presented. On the basis of the studies carried out by the method of comparison, the most promising insulating material for pipelines of heating networks has been established.
The 0.38 kV electrical networks unbalancing operating modes optimization
Authors: Naumov I V , Podyachikh S V , Ivanov D A , Tretyakov A N , Yakupova M A , Fedorinova E S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The equipment 0.38 kV low-voltage electrical networks is not a satisfactory level. Such electric networks operating modes management is carrying out save energy measures and electricity supply improve efficiency in general largely allows. As a result, the electric energy supplied parameters obtaining actual nature information about to consumers through these electric networks is the developing the power transmission requirements measures basis comply. The article presents results current unbalancing modes objective studies in 0.38 kV an electrical network that feeds Irkutsk multi-storey residential building electric consumers. The analysis electric energy parameters, power quality indicators changes as well as electricity lo sses caused by the currents unbalance in the studied electric network are presented. The calculate parameters and using results of balancing device efficiency as well as its influence on the quality indicators studied and electrical energy loss in the studied electrical network are presented.
Mid-wave and long-wave infrared transmitters and detectors for optical satellite communications—a review
Authors: Flannigan Liam , Yoell Liam , Xu Chang-qing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There has been a recent surge in interest for optical satellite communication (SatCom) utilizing lasers. It is clear to see why, as optical SatCom is capable of higher speed, lighter weight, higher directionality, and higher efficiency versus their radio-based counterparts. Research into optical SatCom has focused on devices operating in the short-wave infrared (SWIR), which is due to the maturity and commercial availability of such component’s thanks to significant development in terrestrial telecommunications networks. However, SWIR performs poorly in fog and heavy weather, prompting investigations into longer mid-wave and long-wave infrared bands for optical communication instead due to reduced atmospheric losses. This paper provides a comprehensive review of laser transmitters, detectors, and the science behind selecting longer wavelengths for optical SatCom to boost optical SatCom between ground stations and low earth orbit satellite constellations being deployed.
Finite element simulation on residual stress during immersion quenching and pre-stretching of Al7055 thick plates
Authors: Zhu Kai , Xiong Baiqing , Li Xiwu , Zhang Yongan , Li Zhihui , Li Yanan , Wen Kai , Yan Lizhen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During the immersion quenching process, severe temperature changes and significant temperature differences between the core and superficial area can give rise to high residual stresses within the aluminum alloy thick plate to cause subsequent machining distortion of the thin-walled part. Reducing the residual stress within the thick plate can effectively minimize the distortion in part. In this research, ABAQUS software was adopted to simulate the internal temperature and stress fields of thick plates of Al7055 alloy during the quenching and pre-stretching processes, sequentially and respectively. In addition, the x-ray residual stress measurement method was used to measure and characterize the surface residual stress of the plates. The results indicate that the medium temperature affects residual stress inside the thick plate significantly during the immersion quenching process. The level of which inside the plate gradually increases as the medium temperature decreases. Further, the pre-stretching treatment can effectively reduce residual stresses within the thick plate, and the residual stress level gradually decreases with the pre-stretching ratio increasing. The experimental results verify the feasibility of numerical simulation to predict the status of quenching stress in thick plates. Subsequently, a simulation study for material removal processes was carried out based on the above studies. The results reveal that the thin-walled part’s machining distortion degree improves as the raw thick plate’s initial quench residual stress level decreases.
An injectable cellulose acetate/sodium alginate hydrogels-loaded laponite microsphere as a potential wound healing in nursing care in perioperative period
Authors: Wang Liujuan , Yang Ting , Zhao Guoyan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was developed by a simple method including solution mixing of cellulose acetate/sodium alginate containing laponite (CA/SA-LAP) hydrogel composites with flexible mechanical, physical, and biological properties for wound healing application. The surface properties of the as-prepared CA/SA hydrogel and CA/SA-LAP hydrogel composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and x-ray Diffraction (XRD). The influence of LAP content (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 wt%), the swelling ratio (171.0 ± 7.0, 143.0 ± 4.0, and 96.6 ± 2.5), degradation rate (65.7 ± 4.0%, 49.0 ± 5.5%, and 19.4 ± 1.4%), mechanical properties elongation at break from 68.3 ± 6.0% to 148.3 ± 5.6%, and the morphology of the CA/SA-LAP was investigated. By increasing the LAP concentration with an average pore size diameter decreased from 300 μm to 225 μm, 150 μm, and 75 μm. The as-prepared CA/SA-LAP dressing has designated good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria at 95.9 ± 4.0% and 98.4 ± 1.5% for 24 h and 92.3 ± 4.5% and 96.4 ± 3.5% for 48 h. Furthermore, CA/SA-LAP revealed admirable biocompatibility against human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. Noticeably, the MTT assay demonstrated that fibroblast proliferation significantly enhanced on 0.5 wt% LAP in CA/SA-LAP compared to CS/SA hydrogel at 92.6 ± 4.2% and 96.4 ± 3.5% for 24 and 48 h. Systematic in vivo research of the CA/SA-LAP was conducted in the rat bone defect model. The in vivo results proved that the CA/SA-loaded LAP significantly promoted bone healing in rat defects, compared to the CA/SA hydrogels. These results demonstrated the great potential of CA/SA-loaded LAP in wound healing material in nursing care application.
Single site optical spectroscopy of coupled Er3+ ion pairs in silicon
Authors: Hu Guangchong , Ahlefeldt Rose L , de Boo Gabriele G , Lyasota Alexey , Johnson Brett C , McCallum Jeffrey C , Sellars Matthew J , Yin Chunming , Rogge Sven 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Individual optical emitters coupled via coherent interactions are attractive qubits for quantum communications applications. Here, we present the first study of single pairs of interacting rare earth ions and determine the interactions between ions in the pair with high resolution. We identify two examples of Er3+ pair sites in Er implanted Si and characterise the interactions using optical Zeeman spectroscopy. We identify one pair as two Er3+ ions in sites of at least C
2 symmetry coupled via a large, 200 GHz, Ising-like spin interaction in both optical ground and excited states. The high measurement resolution allows non-Ising contributions to the interaction of

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1

% to be observed, attributed to site distortion. By bringing two optical transitions into resonance with a magnetic field, we observe a 0.8 GHz optical interaction of unusual magnetic-dipole/electric-dipole character with strong polarization selection rules. We discuss the use of this type of strongly coupled, field-tunable rare earth pair system for quantum processing.