bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using light and X-ray scattering to untangle complex neuronal orientations and validate diffusion MRI
Authors: Menzel Miriam , Gräßel David , Rajkovic Ivan , Zeineh Michael , Georgiadis Marios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDisentangling human brain connectivity requires an accurate description of neuronal trajectories. However, a detailed mapping of axonal orientations is challenging because axons can cross one another on a micrometer scale. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can be used to infer neuronal connectivity because it is sensitive to axonal alignment, but it has limited resolution and specificity. Scattered Light Imaging (SLI) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) reveal neuronal orientations with microscopic resolution and high specificity, respectively. Here, we combine both techniques to achieve a cross-validated framework for imaging neuronal orientations, with comparison to dMRI. We evaluate brain regions that include unidirectional and crossing fiber tracts in human and vervet monkey brains. We find that SLI, SAXS, and dMRI all agree regarding major fiber pathways. SLI and SAXS further quantitatively agree regarding fiber crossings, while dMRI overestimates the amount of crossing fibers. In SLI, we find a reduction of peak distance with increasing out-of-plane fiber angles, confirming theoretical predictions, validated against both SAXS and dMRI. The combination of scattered light and X-ray imaging can provide quantitative micrometer 3D fiber orientations with high resolution and specificity, enabling detailed investigations of complex tract architecture in the animal and human brain.
Motor imagery training is beneficial for motor memory of upper and lower limb tasks in very old adults
Authors: Hilt Pauline M , Bertrand Mathilde , Féasson Léonard , Lebon Florent , Mourey France , Ruffino Célia , Rozand Vianney 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTHuman aging is associated with a decline in the capacity to memorize recently acquired motor skills. Motor imagery training is a beneficial method to compensate for this deterioration in old adults. It is not yet known whether these beneficial effects are maintained in very old adults (>80 years), more affected by the degeneration processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental training session of motor imagery on the memorization of new motor skills acquired through physical practice in very old adults. Thirty very old adults performed 3 actual trials of a manual dexterity task (session 1) or a sequential footstep task (session 2) as fast as they could before and after a 20-min motor imagery training (mental-training group) or watching a documentary for 20 min (control group). Performance was improved after 3 actual trials for both tasks and both groups. For the control group, performance decreased in the manual dexterity task after the 20-min break and remained stable in the sequential stepping task. For the mental-training group, performance was maintained in the manual dexterity task after the 20-min motor imagery training and increased in the sequential stepping task. These results extended the benefits of motor imagery training to the very old population, showing that even a short motor imagery training improved their performance and favor the motor memory process. These results confirmed that motor imagery training is an effective method to complement traditional rehabilitation protocols.
Slow neural oscillations explain temporal fluctuations in distractibility
Authors: Lui Troby Ka-Yan , Obleser Jonas , Wöstmann Malte 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman environments comprise various sources of distraction, which often occur unexpectedly in time. The proneness to distraction (i.e., distractibility) is posited to be independent of attentional sampling of targets, but its temporal dynamics and neurobiological basis are largely unknown. Brain oscillations in the theta band (3 – 8 Hz) have been associated with fluctuating neural excitability, which is hypothesised here to explain rhythmic modulation of distractibility. In a pitch discrimination task (N = 30) with unexpected auditory distractors, we show that distractor-evoked neural responses in the electroencephalogram and perceptual susceptibility to distraction were co-modulated and cycled approximately 3 – 5 times per second. Pre-distractor neural phase in left inferior frontal and insular cortex regions explained fluctuating distractibility. Thus, human distractibility is not constant but fluctuates on a subsecond timescale. Furthermore, slow neural oscillations subserve the behavioural consequences of a hitherto largely unexplained but ever-increasing phenomenon in modern environments – distraction by unexpected sound.
Empagliflozin reduces renal lipotoxicity in experimental Alport syndrome
Authors: Ge Mengyuan , Molina Judith , Kim Jin-Ju , Mallela Shamroop K , Ahmad Anis , Santos Javier Varona , Al-Ali Hassan , Mitrofanova Alla , Sharma Kumar , Fontanesi Flavia , Merscher Sandra , Fornoni Alessia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are anti-hyperglycemic agents that prevent glucose reabsorption in proximal tubular cells. SGLT2i improves renal outcomes in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, indicating it may have beneficial effects beyond glycemic control. Here, we demonstrate that SGLT2i affects energy metabolism and renal lipotoxicity in experimental Alport syndrome (AS). In vitro, we found that SGLT2 protein expression levels in human and mouse podocytes were similar to tubular cells. Newly established immortalized podocytes from Col4a3 knockout mice (AS podocytes) accumulate lipid droplets along with increased apoptosis when compared to wildtype podocytes. Treatment with SGLT2i empagliflozin reduces lipid droplet accumulation and apoptosis in AS podocytes. Empagliflozin inhibits the utilization of glucose/pyruvate as a metabolic substrate in AS podocytes. In vivo, we demonstrate that empagliflozin reduces albuminuria and prolongs the survival of AS mice. Empagliflozin-treated AS mice show decreased serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in association with reduced triglyceride and cholesterol ester content in kidney cortices when compared to AS mice. Lipid accumulation in kidney cortices correlates with the decline in renal function. In summary, empagliflozin reduces renal lipotoxicity and improves kidney function in experimental AS in association with the energy substrates switch from glucose to fatty acids in podocytes.
The impact of budget deficit on economic growth and its channels in South Africa
Authors: Mavodyo Elisha 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis paper analyses the direct relationship between budget deficits and economic growth, the channels through which budget deficits inhibit growth and finally, the Granger causality between budget deficit and economic growth in South Africa over the period 1975 to 2020.Design/methodology/approachIn a bid to control for endogeneity that is common in economic growth regressions, the author employed the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) approach.FindingsTowards analysing the direct relationship between budget deficit and economic growth, results show that a 10-percentage rise in the budget deficit slows economic growth by 0.2 percentage points. Results show that the growth inhibiting consequences of the budget deficit in South Africa are principally driven by negatively affecting private and public physical capital accumulation growth, as well as a drop in gross national savings. However, results show no evidence of a deficit reduction effect through long term-real interest rate. The findings reveal a one-way Granger causality running from budget deficits to economic growth.Practical implicationsBased on the findings in this article, expanding the fiscal deficit to support growth is not a viable policy option for the South African economy.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in establishing the Granger causality between budget deficit and economic growth, thus adding to the scant literature, as well as establishing the channels through which budget deficit retards economic growth for the South African economy.
Simulation and empirical validation of new sensitivity based reliability analysis technique for processors deployed in industrial drives
Authors: Rao N.S. Raghavendra , A. Chitra 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to extend a sensitivity-based reliability technique for the processors deployed in industrial drive (ID).

Design/methodology/approach
The processor provides flexible operation, re-configurability, and adaptable compatibility in industrial motor drive system. A sensitivity-based model allows a robust tool for validating the system design. Sensitivity is the probability of a partial failure rate for a distributed variable; sensitivity and failure rates are also complementary. Conversely, traditional power electronic components reliability estimating standards have overlooked it, and it is essential to update them to account for the sensitivity parameter. A new sensitivity-based reliability prediction methodology for a typical 32-bit microprocessor operating at 30ºC deployed in ID is presented to fill this gap. The proposed techniques are compared with the estimated processor reliability values obtained from various reliability standards using the validated advanced logistics development tool. The main contribution of this work is to provide a sensitivity extended reliability method over the conventional method directing toward improving reliability, availability, and maintainability in the design of ID.

Findings
The analysis shows that the sensitivity of the processor’s circuit increases due to increases in complexity of the system by reducing the overall mean time between failure upon comparing among conventional reliability standards.

Originality/value
The significance of this paper lies in the overall, sensitivity-based reliability technique for processors in comparison to the traditional reliability complexity in IDs.
A dynamic magnetostrictive model based on the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model and field separation approach
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Li Lin , Zhao Xiaojun 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to combine the Jiles-Atherton (J-A) hysteresis model with the field separation approach to realize the accurate simulation of dynamic magnetostrictive characteristics of silicon steel sheet.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the energy loss of silicon steel sheet is divided into hysteresis loss Why, classical eddy current loss Wed and anomalous loss Wan according to the statistical theory of losses. The Why is calculated by static J-A hysteresis model, Wed and Wan are calculated by the analytical formulae. Then, based on the field separation approach, the dynamic magnetic field is derived. Finally, a new dynamic magnetostrictive model is proposed by means of the quadratic domain rotation model.

Findings
Comparison of simulation and experimental results verifies that the proposed model has high accuracy and strong universality.

Originality/value
The proposed method improves the existing method’s problem of relying on too much experimental data, and the method ensures the calculation accuracy, parameter identification accuracy and engineering practicability. Consequently, the presented work greatly facilitates further explorations and studies on simulation of dynamic magnetostrictive characteristics of silicon steel sheet.
Achieving sustainable competitiveness of tourism dynamics with resource-based view
Authors: Simarmata Elitua , Kusumastuti Retno , Wijaya Chandra 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis research aims to model the existing system of destination competitiveness, identifies leverage points and develop revised model to achieve sustainable competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachSystem dynamics is used as method of modeling destination competitiveness. Structure of model utilizes 9-factor model as reference. Leverage points are identified using system archetypes. Revised model is built with resource-based view (RBV). Case study was conducted in Samosir, Toba Lake. Data used are secondary data and results of in-depth interviews.FindingsThere are 3 sub-systemic characteristics (archetypes) that hinder competitiveness. They are limit to growth quality gap, fix that fails infrastructure and promotion, tragedy of common lake pollution. Destination was unable to meet tourist expectations. Tourists spending decreased, demand size was small. Industries are unable to increase capabilities. Professionals, entrepreneurs, local workers, supporting industries are less interested in entering industry. Government policies do not match with destination's needs. Lake as main attraction is getting polluted. To achieve sustainable competitiveness, destination must utilize their valuable, rare and inimitable (VRI) resources and capabilities to design unique experiences for tourists, hence sustainable.Practical implicationsGovernment policy should be shifted to prioritizing development of valuable, rare, inimitable and well-organized resources and capabilities of destination, to produce unique tourist experience and achieve sustainable competitiveness.Originality/valueMethods and findings, combining system dynamics, system archetype, 9-factor model and RBV to achieve sustainable competitiveness is novel and can enrich tourism sustainable competitiveness theory/concept.
Using mindsets to boost health: how construal level and goal pursuit shape health message effectiveness on cessation behaviors
Authors: Maurer Herter Márcia , Borges Adilson , Costa Pinto Diego , Boto Ferreira Mario , S. Mattila Anna 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis research examines how construal level shapes the effectiveness of rational (vs emotional) messages for inducing cessation behaviors. Concrete mindsets foster self-improvement goals, whereas abstract mindsets boost self-relevance goals.Design/methodology/approachIn four studies, this research examines the moderating role of construal level on health messages and the underlying mechanism of goal pursuit.FindingsResults demonstrate that concrete (vs abstract) mindsets increase consumers’ intent to engage in cessation behaviors when exposed to rational (vs emotional) messages. Consistent with this study’s theorizing, the authors found that self-improvement goals underlie the effects for concrete mindsets, whereas self-relevance goals mediate the effects for abstract mindsets.Research limitations/implicationsThe reported effects are limited to health messages focusing on cessation behaviors.Practical implicationsThis research can help public policymakers to design more effective health messages to foster specific cessation behaviors – quitting smoking and reducing drinking – focusing on concrete (vs abstract) mindsets and rational (vs emotional) messages.Originality/valueThis investigation highlights construal level as an important moderator for message appeals (rational vs emotional) on cessation behaviors, along with the underlying mechanism of goal pursuit, thus contributing to health marketing literature.
Consumer wisdom: a mindful connection between healthy food advertising and obesity prevention
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Junaid Muhammad , Javed Muzhar , Ali Moazzam , Iqbal Asif 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effect of healthy food advertising (HFA) in preventing obesity (measured using the healthy eating attitude and perceived self-regulatory success) through the meta-cognitive role of consumer wisdom (CW). The meta-cognitive role of CW to better promote healthy eating attitude and behavior is relevant and underexplored.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 310 young consumers through an online survey. Reliability and validity were established using confirmatory factor analysis, and hypotheses were analyzed through structural equation modeling using MPlus V8.3.FindingsThe results reveal that HFA has a positive influence on all dimensions of CW: responsibility, purpose, perspective, reasoning and sustainability. All dimensions but one augment a positive healthy eating attitude, but only responsibility and sustainability enhance consumers’ self-regulatory success. The findings show that HFA does not directly prevent obesity, but CW mediates the relationship between that advertising and obesity prevention. These findings show that CW establishes a mindful connection between HFA and obesity control.Research limitations/implicationsThis research extends the theory of CW in the context of healthful eating and contributes significantly to the advertising, hospitality and obesity literature.Practical implicationsThis study also has implications for multiple stakeholders, including consumers, restaurant operators, hospitality managers, brand managers, the government and society in general.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study marks the first attempt to investigate the role of CW in preventing obesity. It is also the first study to examine the relationships of HFA with CW and a healthful attitude toward eating.
Professional identity, passion and career change during the pandemic: comparing nascent and experienced hospitality professionals
Authors: Chen Chun-Chu (Bamboo) , Tsai Frank C. , Chen Hsiangting Shatina 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Given that the recovery of the hospitality industry is hampered by worker shortages resulting from the loss of talents during the ongoing pandemic, the purpose of this study is to examine how professional identity affects hospitality employees’ psychological responses to the COVID-19 crisis and their intentions to leave the industry.

Design/methodology/approach
This study sample consisted of 1,188 US hospitality employees. The cross-sectional data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling, analysis of variance and multigroup analysis.

Findings
A double-barreled effect of professional identity on career change intention was identified. Hospitality employees possessing a stronger professional identity were found to be more passionate and satisfied with their careers and less likely to switch to other industries. However, these individuals also feel more distressed by the pandemic crisis, which is associated with a heightened level of career change intentions.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study confirm the importance of identity building as a means of sustaining the hospitality workforce. As nascent professionals possess a weaker identity and stronger intention to leave the industry, immediate attention should be paid to these individuals.

Originality/value
This study expands the knowledge surrounding the influences of hospitality professional identity as it exerts a double-barreled effect on career change intention. Further insights regarding how hospitality employees at various career stages respond differently to the COVID-19 crisis are uncovered by examining the moderating effects of industry experience.
Modeling the dynamic effects of macroeconomic factors on housing performance in Kenya
Authors: Okuta Fredrick Otieno , Kivaa Titus , Kieti Raphael , Okaka James Ouma 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
This paper studies the dynamic effects of selected macroeconomic factors on the performance of the housing market in Kenya using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Models. This study aims to explain the dynamic effects of the macroeconomic factors on the three indicators of the housing market performance: housing prices growth, sales index and rent index.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used ARDL Models on time series data from 1975 to 2020 of the selected macroeconomic factors sourced from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Central Bank of Kenya and Hass Consult Limited.

Findings
The results indicate that household income, gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rates and exchange rates have both short-run and long-run effects on housing prices while interest rates, diaspora remittance, construction output and urban population have no significant effects on housing prices both in the short and long run. However, only household income, interest rates, private capital inflows and exchange rates have a significant effect on housing sales both in the short and long run. Furthermore, household income, GDP, interest rates and exchange rates significantly affect housing rental growth in the short and long run. The findings are key for policymaking, especially at the appraisal stages of real estate investments by the developers.

Practical implications
The authors recommend the use of both the traditional hedonic models in conjunction with the dynamic models during real estate project appraisals as this would ensure that developers only invest in the right projects in the right economic situations.

Originality/value
The imbalance between housing demand and supply has prompted an investigation into the role of macroeconomic variables on the housing market in Kenya. Although the effects of the variables have been documented, there is a need to document the short-run and long-term effects of the factors to precisely understand the behavior of the housing market as a way of shielding developers from economic losses.
Cultural adaptation and validation of the Others as Shamer scale: a barrier to effective health-care assessment
Authors: Gull Mahvia , Aqeel Muhammad , Kanwal Aniqa , Khan Kamran , Akhtar Tanvir 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Despite the fact that shame is recognized as a significant factor in clinical encounters, it is under-recognized, under-researched and under-theorized in health prevention, assessment and cross-cultural contexts. Thus, this study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the most widely used scale, the “Other as Shamer Scale” (OAS), to assess the risk and proclivities of external shame in adults. As in health care, there is a barrier between what is known through research in one culture and what is acceptable in practice in another culture.

Design/methodology/approach
The Urdu version was prepared using the standard back-translation method, and the study was conducted from June 2021 to January 2022. The translation and adaptation were completed in four steps: forward translation, adaptation and translation, back translation, committee approach and cross-language validation. The sample, selected through the purposive sampling method, is comprised of 200 adults (men = 100 and women = 100), with an age range of 18–60 years (M = 28, SD = 5.5), spanning all stages of life. The Cronbach's alpha reliability and factorial validity of the OAS were assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation analyses. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability (at a two-week interval) were used to evaluate the reliability. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 22) software.

Findings
Preliminary analysis revealed that the overall instrument had good internal consistency (Urdu OAS a = 0.91; English OAS a = 0.92) as well as test–retest correlation coefficients for 15 days (r = 0.88). The factor loading of all items ranged from 0.69 to 0.9, which explained the significant level and indicated the model's overall goodness of fit.

Originality/value
Findings suggest that this scale has significant psychometric properties and the potential to be used as a valid, reliable and cost-effective clinical and research instrument. This study contributes to scientific knowledge and helps to develop and test indigenous cross-cultural instruments that can be used to examine external shame in Pakistani people.