bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives and Metaphors of Learning: A Commentary on James Lester’s Narrative-Centered AI-Based Environments
Authors: Vivitsou Marianna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis commentary aims to discuss perspectives on narrative-centered learning and metaphors of AI-based learning environments. To this end, the commentary draws from James Lester’s keynote and an interview with a focus on the narrative element that underlies the use of AI in Learning. In both texts, Lester offers an account of the narrative-centered learning environments that he has been developing with his research group. One example of such environments is Crystal Island, an AI-based game for K-12 students learning science. Along with Crystal Island, more metaphors of learning emerge. Based on these, this chapter uses Paul Ricoeur’s narrative theory and metaphor theory to reflect on the role of characters and the narrative plot in relation to Lester’s visualization of the future of learning with AI-based technologies. In this process, new roles in AI-based learning are introduced. One such example is the role of drama manager. The drama manager is a novel metaphor in game-based learning. In addition, more conventional metaphors, such as the tutorial dialogue, are brought forward as well as technological metaphors. The multiplicity of metaphors have agency at the core, as connecting tissue. Agency, although not explicitly articulated in the keynote and the interview, is an all-encompassing metaphor in learning. As technological advancement shakes the boundaries of thinking about agency nowadays, new dynamic metaphors are needed in AI-based learning. Toward this direction, the commentary draws from new materialist and post-humanist thinkers to raise these issues and the need to take the narrative further.
Resonant leptoquark at NLO with POWHEG
Authors: Buonocore Luca , Greljo Admir , Krack Peter , Nason Paolo , Selimović Nudžeim , Tramontano Francesco , Zanderighi Giulia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent progress in calculating lepton density functions inside the proton and simulating lepton showers laid the foundations for precision studies of resonant leptoquark production at hadron colliders. Direct quark-lepton fusion into a leptoquark is a novel production channel at the LHC that has the potential to probe a unique parameter space for large masses and couplings. In this work, we build the first Monte Carlo event generator for a full-fledged simulation of this process at NLO for production, followed by a subsequent decay using the POWHEG method and matching to the parton showers utilizing HERWIG. The code can handle all scalar leptoquark models with renormalisable quark-lepton interactions. We then comprehensively study the differential distributions, including higher-order effects, and assess the corresponding theoretical uncertainties. We also quantify the impact of the improved predictions on the projected (HL-)LHC sensitivities and initiate the first exploration of the potential at the FCC-hh. Our work paves the way toward performing LHC searches using this channel.
Super AKSZ construction, integral forms, and the 2-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (1, 1) sigma model
Authors: Hulík Ondřej , Svoboda Josef , Valach Fridrich 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We discuss a natural extension of the AKSZ construction to the case where the source is given by a supermanifold with a chosen integral form. We then focus on the special case with the target given by a Courant algebroid. In the simplest case this leads to the BV version of the super Chern-Simons theory, as developed by Grassi-Maccaferri and Cremonini-Grassi. In the case of exact Courant algebroids we derive the 2-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 1) sigma model on the boundary, together with the Wess-Zumino term, paralleling the approach of Ševera in the bosonic case.
Interpolating geometries and the stretched dS2 horizon
Authors: Anninos Dionysios , Harris Eleanor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate dilaton-gravity models whose solutions contain a large portion of the static patch of dS2. The thermodynamic properties of these theories are considered both in the presence of a finite Dirichlet wall, as well as for asymptotically near-AdS2 boundaries. We show that under certain circumstances such geometries, including those endowed with an asymptotically near-AdS2 boundary, can be locally and even globally thermodynamically stable within particular temperature regimes. First order phase transitions reminiscent of the Hawking-Page transition are discussed. For judiciously chosen models, the near-AdS2 boundary can be viewed as a completion of the stretched cosmological dS2 horizon. We speculate on candidate microphysical models.
Comparison of the immunomodulatory potential of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs and anthracyclins on human monocyte-derived cells
Authors: Jenei Viktória , Burai Sára , Molnár Tamás , Kardos Balázs , Mácsik Rebeka , Tóth Márta , Debreceni Zsuzsanna , Bácsi Attila , Mázló Anett , Koncz Gábor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMacrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are important contributors to anti-tumor immune responses. However, these highly plastic cells are also the primary targets of tumor manipulation, which may result in the development of tumor-promoting subtypes. The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor cells is an area of intense study, but little is known about their effects on innate immune cells.We investigated the effects of four chemotherapeutic drugs (two platinum-based agents; oxaliplatin and cisplatin, and two anthracyclines; doxorubicin and epirubicin) on the differentiation, function, and viability of macrophages and DCs. Macrophages and DCs were differentiated from monocytes in the presence of these chemotherapeutic drugs and we compared their cell surface receptor expression, cytokine production, and chemotactic- and T-cell-polarizing ability.We have shown that differentiation in the presence of anthracyclines dose-dependently increases CTLA-4 expression in DCs. Antineoplastic agent-driven differentiation strongly modified the CCL2- or CCL5-induced chemotactic activity of both macrophages and DCs. DCs differentiated in the presence of high-dose cisplatin and a low dose of epirubicin promoted regulatory T-cell development, whereas oxaliplatin at specific doses induced both DCs and macrophages to enhance cytotoxic T-cell responses. Furthermore, we found that inflammatory macrophages are more sensitive to doxorubicin-induced cell death than their counterparts.In summary, our results confirm that chemotherapeutic agents acting on a similar basis may have different effects on the anti-tumor immune response. Treatment with optimal dose, combinations, and timing of chemotherapy may determine tumor immunity and the metastatic potential of tumors.
Mobilisierung von Erzeugungskapazitäten auf dem deutschen Strommarkt
Authors: Egerer Jonas , Grimm Veronika , Lang Lukas M. , Pfefferer Ulrike , Sölch Christian 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Energiekrise zwingt Deutschland und die EU-Staaten energiepolitische Entscheidungen neu zu bewerten und gegebenenfalls anzupassen. Zunächst rückt die Notwendigkeit, die erneuerbaren Energien schnell und ambitioniert auszubauen noch stärker in den Fokus. Zudem gibt es einerseits Überlegungen, Kohlekraftwerke aus der Reserve oder der Betriebsbereitschaft zu reaktivieren. Andererseits werden Entscheidungen hinterfragt, Kohle- und Kernkraftwerke in den kommenden Jahren stillzulegen. Diese Kurzstudie analysiert die Auswirkungen dieser Handlungsoptionen in verschiedenen Szenarien für die Jahre 2024 und 2027, um die kurzfristigen Herausforderungen sowie die mittelfristigen Perspektiven zu beleuchten.
Marktstrukturen und Wettbewerb im Kontext wirtschaftlicher Transformation
Authors: Benček David , Rosenbaum Hannah , Weche John P. 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie deutsche Wirtschaft steht vor großen Herausforderungen. Neben Digitalisierung und Klimawandel wird im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie und des russischen Angriffs auf die Ukraine auch eine mögliche Deglobalisierung diskutiert. Diese Entwicklungen wirken sich nicht zuletzt auf bestehende Marktstrukturen und den Wettbewerb aus. Eine gesamtwirtschaftlich abnehmende Wettbewerbsintensität kann weitreichende makroökonomische Folgen haben, die bereits seit längerem diskutiert werden. Gegenstand der Diskussion sind etwa abnehmende private Investitionen, eine sinkende Lohnquote, eine steigende Einkommensungleichheit, ein abnehmendes Produktivitätswachstum sowie Auswirkungen auf die Inflation.
Die Budgetsemielastizität und ihre Auswirkungen auf Verschuldungsspielräume im Rahmen der Schuldenbremse
Authors: Heimberger Philipp , Schütz Bernhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe debate on the cyclical adjustment procedure of the debt brake has focused on problems with regards to potential output. The second key determinant of the cyclical budget component, however, has been neglected: the semi-elasticity of the budget balance, which measures the response of federal revenues and expenditures to the business cycle. We analyse the sensitivity of estimates of the semi-elasticity with respect to data inputs and model specifications. Our results highlight estimation uncertainties that affect how much the federal government is allowed to borrow under the debt brake.
Für eine ökonomischere Fundierung der Trend-TFP in der Ermittlung des Produktionspotenzials
Authors: Proaño Christian R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the production function-based approach proposed by the European Commission for the estimation of the potential output, trend total factor productivity (TFP) is indirectly estimated on the basis of cyclical factors. Instead, this article proposes a more economics-based foundation of trend-TFP that is based on the arguments of the endogenous growth theory. A simple econometric exercise shows how the application of this approach may lead to a significantly different assessment of the potential output and, by extension, of the economy’s output gap. This may have far-reaching consequences for the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy, e. g. in the context of the German debt brake.
Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitäten in der Potenzialschätzung berücksichtigen
Authors: Schmidt Torsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPotential output is a measure of the longer-term production possibilities of an economy. Since this quantity cannot be observed directly, it must be determined on the basis of assumptions from existing data. The use of a production function was established in the European Commission’s procedure for calculating potential output. However, it is important to capture all drivers of economic growth. In the current EU procedure, total factor productivity (TFP), which is interpreted as a measure of technological progress, is assumed to be exogenous. This means that key drivers of economic growth, in particular research and development (R&D) activities, are not explicitly taken into account. An extension of the production function approach can be derived from the theory of endogenous growth. This would improve the theoretical basis of the potential output estimates.
Revisionen in den Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen in Zeiten von Corona
Authors: Janz Christian , Kuntze Peter , Mucha Tanja 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explains the purpose, reasons and size of revisions in German national accounts. It presents the results of the revision carried out in the summer of 2022 for the past four reporting years and describes special features, including those caused by the coronavirus pandemic.
Anticipative information in a Brownian−Poisson market
Authors: D’Auria Bernardo , Salmeron Jose A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe anticipative information refers to some information about future events that may be disclosed in advance. This information may regard, for example, financial assets and their future trends. In our paper, we assume the existence of some anticipative information in a market whose risky asset dynamics evolve according to a Brownian motion and a Poisson process. Using Malliavin calculus and filtration enlargement techniques, we derive the information drift of the mentioned processes and, both in the pure jump case and in the mixed one, we compute the additional expected logarithmic utility. Many examples are shown, where the anticipative information is related to some conditions that the constituent processes or their running maximum may verify, in particular, we show new examples considering Bernoulli random variables.
Contrasting responses of multiple insect taxa to common heathland management regimes and old-growth successional stages
Authors: Byriel David Bille , Ro-Poulsen Hjalte , Kepfer-Rojas Sebastian , Hansen Aslak Kappel , Hansen Rikke Reisner , Justesen Mathias Just , Kristensen Emil , Møller Cecilie Bülow , Schmidt Inger Kappel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaintaining heathlands in early successional stages to sustain heather (Calluna vulgaris) is a common, large-scale management practice in Europe. However, allowing patches of long-term natural vegetation development may increase habitat heterogeneity benefitting insects, but empirical evidence is sparse. We investigated how old-growth heathland (> 30 years abandonment) affect species richness and composition of bees (Anthophila), crane flies (Tipuloidea), ground beetles (Carabidae), hoverflies (Syrphidae) and rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in relation to their hygropreference. Adult insects, vegetation and edaphic explanatory variables were collected in old-growth, managed and wet sites and compared in four lowland heathland locations in Denmark. We found 299 species including 24 nationally red-listed. Species composition differed between managed, old-growth and wet heathland for all taxa. Indicator species and richness analyses showed a predominance of xerophilic bee species in managed heathland. Old-growth heathland showed a predominance of mesophilic indicator species, and higher richness of mesophilic crane flies and of hygrophilic ground and rove beetles compared to managed heathland. Wet heathland was generally dominated by hygrophilic species. Soil moisture, bare soil and vegetation height density were important drivers explaining the contrasting responses in richness and composition between heathland types. Our results demonstrate that heathland management focusing solely on early successional vegetation stages may homogenize insect communities. We suggest that management practices should focus on improving structural vegetation heterogeneity. This can be achieved through management regimes that reset the succession and expose bare soil, but also by allowing patches of old-growth vegetation stages to develop and by conserving existing ones.
Large-scale spatial patterns of riverine communities: niche versus geographical distance
Authors: Pompeu Cássia Rocha , Peñas Francisco J. , Barquín José 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Effective conservation strategies are essential to reverse this trend and should be based on sound knowledge of biodiversity patterns and the main drivers structuring them. In this study, we investigated the role of environmental and dispersal-connectivity controls on freshwater diatom and fish communities’ variability. We used 441 biological samples obtained from Spanish biomonitoring datasets, which cover a highly variable environmental gradient across the national river network. We compared the taxonomic and trait-based spatial dependency of the two biotic groups using distance-decay relationships and variation partitioning with spatially constrained randomisations. Our findings showed that most of the diatoms and fish biological variation was attributed to pure spatial and spatially structured environmental variation. Compared to diatoms, fish community composition presented a stronger spatial dependency, likely because of their weaker dispersal ability. In addition, broad-scale environmental characteristics showed a higher predictive capacity for fish assemblages’ variation. Trait-based similarities presented lower spatial dependency than taxonomic datasets, indicating that they are less susceptible to dispersal-connectivity effects. These findings contribute to understand the mechanisms underlying river community assembly at large spatial scales (i.e., at and beyond the river network) and point out the importance of dispersal-connectivity processes, which are usually neglected in traditional niche-based biomonitoring programmes but can influence their outcomes (e.g., masking the detection of anthropogenic impacts). Therefore, the integration of the dispersal-connectivity component, as well as information on organisms’ dispersal abilities, are crucial when establishing effective conservation objectives and designing biomonitoring strategies.
Cost-Potential Curves of Onshore Wind Energy: the Role of Disamenity Costs
Authors: Ruhnau Oliver , Eicke Anselm , Sgarlato Raffaele , Tröndle Tim , Hirth Lion 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerical optimization models are used to develop scenarios of the future energy system. Usually, they optimize the energy mix subject to engineering costs such as equipment and fuel. For onshore wind energy, some of these models use cost-potential curves that indicate how much electricity can be generated at what cost. These curves are upward sloping mainly because windy sites are occupied first and further expanding wind energy means deploying less favorable resources. Meanwhile, real-world wind energy expansion is curbed by local resistance, regulatory constraints, and legal challenges. This presumably reflects the perceived adverse effect that onshore wind energy has on the local human population, as well as other negative external effects. These disamenity costs are at the core of this paper. We provide a comprehensive and consistent set of cost-potential curves of wind energy for all European countries that include disamenity costs, and which can be used in energy system modeling. We combine existing valuation of disamenity costs from the literature that describe the costs as a function of the distance between turbine and households with gridded population data, granular geospatial data of wind speeds, and additional land-use constraints to calculate such curves. We find that disamenity costs are not a game changer: for most countries and assumptions, the marginal levelized cost of onshore wind energy increase by 0.2–12.5 €/MWh.
An Energy Minimization Approach to Twinning with Variable Volume Fraction
Authors: Conti Sergio , Kohn Robert V. , Misiats Oleksandr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn materials that undergo martensitic phase transformation, macroscopic loading often leads to the creation and/or rearrangement of elastic domains. This paper considers an example involving a single-crystal slab made from two martensite variants. When the slab is made to bend, the two variants form a characteristic microstructure that we like to call “twinning with variable volume fraction.” Two 1996 papers by Chopra et al. explored this example using bars made from InTl, providing considerable detail about the microstructures they observed. Here we offer an energy-minimization-based model that is motivated by their account. It uses geometrically linear elasticity, and treats the phase boundaries as sharp interfaces. For simplicity, rather than model the experimental forces and boundary conditions exactly, we consider certain Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions whose effect is to require bending. This leads to certain nonlinear (and nonconvex) variational problems that represent the minimization of elastic plus surface energy (and the work done by the load, in the case of a Neumann boundary condition). Our results identify how the minimum value of each variational problem scales with respect to the surface energy density. The results are established by proving upper and lower bounds that scale the same way. The upper bounds are ansatz-based, providing full details about some (nearly) optimal microstructures. The lower bounds are ansatz-free, so they explain why no other arrangement of the two phases could be significantly better.
Spectral and Evolution Analysis of Composite Elastic Plates with High Contrast
Authors: Bužančić Marin , Cherednichenko Kirill , Velčić Igor , Žubrinić Josip 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe analyse the behaviour of thin composite plates whose material properties vary periodically in-plane and possess a high degree of contrast between the individual components. Starting from the equations of three-dimensional linear elasticity that describe soft inclusions embedded in a relatively stiff thin-plate matrix, we derive the corresponding asymptotically equivalent two-dimensional plate equations. Our approach is based on recent results concerning decomposition of deformations with bounded scaled symmetrised gradients. Using an operator-theoretic approach, we calculate the limit resolvent and analyse the associated limit spectrum and effective evolution equations. We obtain our results under various asymptotic relations between the size of the soft inclusions (equivalently, the period) and the plate thickness as well as under various scaling combinations between the contrast, spectrum, and time. In particular, we demonstrate significant qualitative differences between the asymptotic models obtained in different regimes.
Detection of early-universe gravitational-wave signatures and fundamental physics
Authors: Caldwell Robert , Cui Yanou , Guo Huai-Ke , Mandic Vuk , Mariotti Alberto , No Jose Miguel , Ramsey-Musolf Michael J. , Sakellariadou Mairi , Sinha Kuver , Wang Lian-Tao , White Graham , Zhao Yue , An Haipeng , Bian Ligong , Caprini Chiara , Clesse Sebastien , Cline James M. , Cusin Giulia , Fornal Bartosz , Jinno Ryusuke , Laurent Benoit , Levi Noam , Lyu Kun-Feng , Martinez Mario , Miller Andrew L. , Redigolo Diego , Scarlata Claudia , Sevrin Alexander , Haghi Barmak Shams Es , Shu Jing , Siemens Xavier , Steer Danièle A. , Sundrum Raman , Tamarit Carlos , Weir David J. , Xie Ke-Pan , Yang Feng-Wei , Zhou Siyi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDetection of a gravitational-wave signal of non-astrophysical origin would be a landmark discovery, potentially providing a significant clue to some of our most basic, big-picture scientific questions about the Universe. In this white paper, we survey the leading early-Universe mechanisms that may produce a detectable signal—including inflation, phase transitions, topological defects, as well as primordial black holes—and highlight the connections to fundamental physics. We review the complementarity with collider searches for new physics, and multimessenger probes of the large-scale structure of the Universe.