bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid method based on undecimated discrete wavelet transform and autoregressive model toS-wave automatic picking
Authors: Shokri-Kaveh Mohammad , Javan-Doloei Gholam , Mansouri Reza , Karamzadeh Nasim , Keshavarz Ahmad 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYAutomatic S-wave arrival time estimation is, due to the complex characteristic of most of the S onsets, a topic of ongoing research. Manual as well as automated S-wave picking is more difficult than P-wave picking, as S wave is usually buried in the preceding P-coda. In addition, S-wave splitting, due to possible seismic anisotropy, and the presence of Sp-converted precursors, due to shallow strong velocity discontinuities, increase the complexity of S-wave onset time picking. The goal of this study is to develop an automatic S-wave onset time picking algorithm, using undecimated discrete wavelet transform (UDWT) and autoregressive (AR) model. The novelty of this research is the application of UDWT to define a characteristic function based on the seismogram envelope that leads to accurate S-wave detection. First, an initial arrival time is estimated using the signal envelope. Then S-wave onset is improved with an AR model regarding the fact that a short time after S waves arrival the amplitude is maximized. The robustness of the proposed method under different SNR’s has been tested on synthetic seismograms, contaminated with noise. It has also been applied to 180 local and regional events with magnitude greater than 4 and epicentral distance from 100 to 1000 km, recorded by the permanent seismic networks within Iran. We also applied our method to a data set from Japan; the data set contains 30 events with a magnitude range greater than 3. The results of our proposed algorithm are compared with a traditional reference method, novel deep learning methods and manually picked phases. The tested data set contains 1160 manual picks from Iran earthquakes data set and 518 manual picks from Japan earthquakes data set. The results show that the proposed method appears to be promising to replace manual phase picking. The automatic picking algorithm described in this study is applicable in many seismological studies that require S onset detection and picking.
In vitro activity of lactone ketolide nafithromycin (WCK 4873) against Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates enriched with macrolide-resistance phenotype collected from mainland China
Authors: Zhou Menglan , Wu Lijuan , Kang Wei , Li Yanbing , Zhang Ge , Zhang Jingjia , Duan Simeng , Li Jin , Wang Tong , Xu Yingchun , Gu Yihai 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Widespread MDR Streptococcus pneumoniae in China translates clinically into a substantial pneumococcal disease burden and related morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly and children. Nafithromycin (WCK 4873), a novel lactone ketolide class of antibiotic designed with a 3 day, once-daily regimen is highly active against resistant pneumococci and other community respiratory pathogens. It is currently in clinical development for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP).

Objectives
To determine the in vitro activity of nafithromycin against clinical S. pneumoniae isolates collected during 2015–21 from three hospitals in mainland China.

Methods
A total of 920 clinical isolates (one isolate per patient), which predominantly with the macrolide- and clindamycin-resistant phenotype were included in this study. The MICs of nafithromycin and other antibiotics tested were determined using the reference broth microdilution method.

Results
Clinical S. pneumoniae isolates used in this study showed high macrolide and clindamycin resistance (&gt;95% against erythromycin and azithromycin and 80% against clindamycin) for which nafithromycin showed potent activity (MIC50/90; 0.03/0.06 mg/L) with 100% susceptibility at a proposed pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) breakpoint of 0.25 mg/L. Among other classes of antibiotics tested, moxifloxacin also showed good activity while amoxicillin/clavulanate and ceftriaxone showed lower susceptibility.

Conclusions
Nafithromycin exhibited therapeutically relevant in vitro antibacterial activity against contemporary highly resistant pneumococci collected from mainland China. This study supports the clinical development of nafithromycin for the management of CABP caused by pneumococci in China.
Intraindividual Reliability of Opportunistic Computed Tomography–Assessed Adiposity and Skeletal Muscle Among Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Aduse-Poku Livingstone , Gopireddy Dheeraj R , Hernandez Mauricio , Lall Chandana , Divaker Joel , Falzarano Sara M , Masood Shahla , Datta Susmita , Zhang Weizhou , Jo Ara , Bian Jiang , Cheng Ting-Yuan David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Adiposity and skeletal muscle levels assessed on computed tomography (CT) scans are prognostic indicators for patients with breast cancer. However, the intraindividual reliability of temporal changes in body composition assessed on opportunistic CT scans is unclear.

Methods
This retrospective study included 50 patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer who had archived CT scans pre- and postsurgery for breast cancer. The third lumbar CT image was segmented for areas of 3 types of adipose tissues and 5 different densities of skeletal muscles. Mean and percent changes in areas pre- vs postsurgery were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% confidence intervals were assessed. A 2-sided P less than .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 58.3 (12.5) years, and the interval between CT scans was 590.6 (536.8) days. Areas for body composition components were unchanged except for intermuscular adipose tissue (mean change = 1.45 cm2, 6.74% increase, P = .008) and very high-density muscle (mean change = −0.37 cm2, 11.08% decrease, P = .01) during the interval. There was strong intraindividual reliability in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle areas on pre- vs postsurgery scans overall (ICC = 0.763-0.998) and for scans collected 3 or less years apart (ICC = 0.802-0.999; 42 patients).

Conclusions
Although some body composition components may change after breast cancer surgery, CT scan assessments of body composition were reliable for a 3-year interval including the surgery. These findings inform measurement characteristics of body composition on opportunistic CT scans of patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer.
Surveillance for Acute Respiratory Illnesses in Pediatric Chronic Care Facilities
Authors: Saiman Lisa , Prill Mila M , Wilmont Sibyl , Neu Natalie , Alba Luis , Hill-Ricciuti Alexandra , Larson Elaine , Whitaker Brett , Lu Xiaoyan , Garg Shikha , Gerber Susan I , Kim Lindsay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Overall, 119 (33%) of 364 pediatric chronic care facility residents experienced 182 acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) that met the surveillance definition which led to 31 (17%) emergency room visits, 34 (19%) acute care hospitalizations, and/or 25 (14%) ICU admissions. Continued PCR-positivity was observed in 35% of ARIs during follow-up testing.
2021 Harrell-Bond Lecture, Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford: Empire’s Refugees
Authors: Achiume E Tendayi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
International law offers us a story that naturalizes the selective evacuation of US, UK and other nationals from Afghanistan in 2021, and perhaps even renders benevolent their discretionary selection of Afghans who assisted with the occupation. In general, advocacy on behalf of refugees and migrants takes the form of expanding legal exceptions to the enforcement of borders, or pushing for the enforcement of existing exceptions found in international refugee law. In this lecture I propose greater attention to the operation of empire in relation to borders, and the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers in the case of Afghanistan and others like it. I argue that an empire-centric lens forces attention on structural, geopolitical domination and subordination typically obscured by individualized persecution-based determinations of asylum. It also positions refugees and migrants as political agents with powerful demands of sovereign accountability rather than as vulnerable, if sympathetic, claimants. I also posit that empire-centric accounts may have greater potential for mobilizing different politics within imperial nation-states, politics that would put pressure on these states either to curb imperial intervention and domination, or at the very least take greater responsibility for the worlds they destroy and create.
Postoperative submuscular emphysema due to air leakage from the residual screw holes after plate removal in a patient who had undergone surgical stabilization of flail chest
Authors: Seok Junepill 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many studies have reported indications and complications of surgical stabilization of rib fractures. However, data about the postoperative complications after the removal of the plates are still lacking. The author reports a rare complication after plate removal, postoperative submuscular emphysema, due to air leakage from the residual screw hole. A 68-year-old male with a flail chest was successfully treated by surgical rib fixation. A few months later, the patient wanted his implants removed due to chest irritation. The removal operation was completed, and postoperative courses were not unusual. However, a large amount of submuscular emphysema was found in the follow-up period. The patient was successfully managed by applying a submuscular thoracic drainage catheter. Although postoperative subcutaneous emphysema due to residual screw holes after plate removal is rare, we need to pay more attention when selecting the proper length of screws during surgical rib fixation.
Diffuse γ-ray emission around the massive star forming region of Carina Nebula Complex
Authors: Ge Ting-Ting , Sun Xiao-Na , Yang Rui-Zhi , Liang Yun-Feng , Liang En-Wei 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) detection of the γ-ray emission toward the massive star forming region of Carina Nebula Complex (CNC). Using the latest source catalogue and diffuse background models, we found that the GeV γ-ray emission in this region can be resolved into three different components. The GeV γ-ray emission from the central point source is considered to originate from the η Carina (η Car). We further found the diffuse GeV γ-ray emission around the CNC which can be modelled by two Gaussian discs with radii of 0.4○ (region A) and 0.75○ (region B), respectively. The GeV γ-ray emission from both the regions A and B have good spatial consistency with the derived molecular gas in projection on the sky. The GeV γ-ray emission of region A reveals a characteristic spectral shape of the pion-decay process, which indicates that the γ-rays are produced by the interactions of hadronic cosmic rays with ambient gas. The γ-rays spectrum of region B has a hard photon index of 2.12 ± 0.02, which is similar to other young massive star clusters. We argue that the diffuse GeV γ-ray emission in region A and region B likely originate from the interaction of accelerated protons in clusters with the ambient gas.
NuSTAR observation of X-ray pulsar 1E 1145.1−6141
Authors: Ghising Manoj , Tobrej Mohammed , Rai Binay , Tamang Ruchi , Paul Bikash Chandra 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
In this work, we report on hard X-ray observations of the X-ray pulsar 1E 1145.1−6141 performed with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array mission (NuSTAR). Coherent pulsation of the source with a period of $\sim \! 296.653\, \pm \, 0.021\, \mathrm{ s}$ is detected. The source may be in the equilibrium phase, according to the most recent measurements of its pulse period. The pulse profile reveals a mild energy dependence and generally hints at a pencil-beam pattern. The pulse profile has evolved with time. The pulse fraction is found to depend on energy, with a fall in value at $\sim \! 32\, \mathrm{ keV}$. The NuSTAR spectra can be approximated by a composite model with two continuum components, blackbody emission, a cut-off power law, and a discrete component in the form of a Gaussian to account for the emission line of iron. The estimated absorbed flux of the source is $\sim \! 6\times 10^{-10}\, \mathrm{ erg}\, \mathrm{ cm}^{-2}\, \mathrm{ s}^{-1}$, which corresponds to a luminosity of $\sim \! 5\times 10^{36}\, \mathrm{ erg}\, \mathrm{ s}^{-1}$. Pulse phase-resolved spectroscopy was performed to understand the evolution of the spectral parameters with pulse phase. The estimated blackbody radius is found to be consistent with the size of the theoretical prediction.
The impact of environment on the lives of disc galaxies as revealed by SDSS-IV MaNGA
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Merrifield Michael , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Brownstein Joel R , Drory Niv , Yan Renbin , Lane Richard R 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Environment has long been known to have significant impact on the evolution of galaxies, but here we seek to quantify the subtler differences that might be found in disc galaxies, depending on whether they are isolated, the most massive galaxy in a group (centrals), or a lesser member (satellites). The MaNGA survey allows us to define a large mass-matched sample of 574 galaxies with high-quality integrated spectra in each category. Initial examination of their spectral indices indicates significant differences, particularly in low-mass galaxies. Semi-analytic spectral fitting of a full chemical evolution model to these spectra confirms these differences, with low-mass satellites having a shorter period of star formation and chemical enrichment typical of a closed box, while central galaxies have more extended histories, with evidence of ongoing gas accretion over their lifetimes. The derived parameters for gas infall time-scale and wind strength suggest that low-mass satellite galaxies have their hot haloes of gas effectively removed, while central galaxies retain a larger fraction of gas than isolated galaxies due to the deeper group potential well in which they sit. S0 galaxies form a distinct subset within the sample, particularly at higher masses, but do not bias the inferred lower mass environmental impact significantly. The consistent picture that emerges underlines the wealth of archaeological information that can be extracted from high-quality spectral data using techniques like semi-analytic spectral fitting.
Data-driven enzyme engineering to identify function-enhancing enzymes
Authors: Jiang Yaoyukun , Ran Xinchun , Yang Zhongyue J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Identifying function-enhancing enzyme variants is a ‘holy grail’ challenge in protein science because it will allow researchers to expand the biocatalytic toolbox for late-stage functionalization of drug-like molecules, environmental degradation of plastics and other pollutants, and medical treatment of food allergies. Data-driven strategies, including statistical modeling, machine learning, and deep learning, have largely advanced the understanding of the sequence–structure–function relationships for enzymes. They have also enhanced the capability of predicting and designing new enzymes and enzyme variants for catalyzing the transformation of new-to-nature reactions. Here, we reviewed the recent progresses of data-driven models that were applied in identifying efficiency-enhancing mutants for catalytic reactions. We also discussed existing challenges and obstacles faced by the community. Although the review is by no means comprehensive, we hope that the discussion can inform the readers about the state-of-the-art in data-driven enzyme engineering, inspiring more joint experimental-computational efforts to develop and apply data-driven modeling to innovate biocatalysts for synthetic and pharmaceutical applications.
Regulatory Spillovers in Local Mortgage Markets
Authors: Lim Ivan , Nguyen Duc Duy , Nguyen Linh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We document novel evidence on the spillover effect of a corporate control regulation on local mortgage markets. We find that banks directly targeted by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) to rectify their internal control weaknesses reduce mortgage originations following the regulation’s enactment. This causes mortgage credit to be reallocated toward other banks in the same local markets: while competing public banks expand lending to safer borrowers, private banks increase lending toward risky applicants. Consequently, loans originated by private banks in spillover counties report higher default rates. (JEL E51, G21, G38)
The Demand for Money, Near-Money, and Treasury Bonds
Authors: Krishnamurthy Arvind , Li Wenhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBank-created money, shadow-bank money, and Treasury bonds all satisfy investors’ demand for liquidity. We measure the quantity of these forms of liquidity and their corresponding liquidity premium in a sample from 1934 to 2016, estimating the substitutability of these assets and the liquidity per unit delivered by each asset. Treasuries and bank transaction deposits are imperfect substitutes, in contrast to perfect substitutes found by Nagel (2016). Bank and nonbank non-transaction deposits are closer substitutes for Treasuries. Our empirical results inform theories of the monetary transmission mechanism running through shifts in asset supplies and models of the coexistence of the shadow banking and regulated banking system.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Role of Omega-6 Fatty Acid Metabolism in Cardiac Surgery Postoperative Bleeding Risk
Authors: Velho Tiago R. , Ferreira Ricardo , Willmann Katharina , Pedroso Dora , Paixão Tiago , Pereira Rafael Maniés , Junqueira Nádia , Guerra Nuno Carvalho , Brito Dulce , Almeida Ana G. , Nobre Ângelo , Köcher Thomas , Pinto Fausto , Moita Luís Ferreira 
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Cardiac surgery is frequently associated with significant postoperative bleeding. Platelet-dysfunction is the main cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced hemostatic defect. Not only the number of platelets decreases, but also the remaining are functionally impaired. Although lipid metabolism is crucial for platelet function, little is known regarding platelet metabolic changes associated with CPB-dysfunction. Our aim is to explore possible contribution of metabolic perturbations for platelet dysfunction after cardiac surgery.

DESIGN:
Prospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Tertiary academic cardiothoracic-surgery ICU.

PATIENTS:
Thirty-three patients submitted to elective surgical aortic valve replacement.

INTERVENTIONS:
Samples from patients were collected at three time points (preoperative, 6- and 24-hr postoperative). Untargeted metabolic analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to compare patients with significant postoperative bleeding with patients without hemorrhage. Principal component analyses, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests, adjusted to FDR, and pairwise comparison were used to identify pathways of interest. Enrichment and pathway metabolomic complemented the analyses.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We identified a platelet-related signature based on an overrepresentation of changes in known fatty acid metabolism pathways involved in platelet function. We observed that arachidonic acid (AA) levels and other metabolites from the pathway were reduced at 6 and 24 hours, independently from antiagreggation therapy and platelet count. Concentrations of preoperative AA were inversely correlated with postoperative chest tube blood loss but were not correlated with platelet count in the preoperative, at 6 or at 24 hours. Patients with significant postoperative blood-loss had considerably lower values of AA and higher transfusion rates. Values of postoperative interleukin-6 were strongly correlated with AA variability.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Our observations suggest that an inflammatory-related perturbation of AA metabolism is a signature of cardiac surgery with CPB and that preoperative levels of AA may be more relevant than platelet count to anticipate and prevent postoperative blood loss in patients submitted to cardiac surgery with CPB.
A Critical Appraisal of the Quality of Vertigo Practice Guidelines Using the AGREE II Tool: A EuroAIM Initiative
Authors: Doniselli Fabio Martino , Zanardo Moreno , Mazon Miguel , Cuccarini Valeria , Rovira Alex , Costa Antonella , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Arana Estanislao 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
The aim of this review is to assess the methodological quality of guidelines for the management of vertigo and dizziness and to compare their recommendations, with specific focus on neuroimaging.

Databases Reviewed
MEDLINE, EMBASE, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence database.

Methods
In March 2022, a systematic search was performed to find practice guidelines of management of vertigo and dizziness. The evaluation of guidelines quality was performed independently by four authors using the AGREE II tool. We excluded from the results those guidelines that were not primarily focused on vertigo and dizziness, such as national/international guidelines in which vertigo and dizziness were only briefly mentioned.

Results
Our strategy of literature search identified 161 studies, and 18 guidelines were selected for the appraisal. Only five guidelines reached the acceptance level in the overall result (at least 60%), with three of them reaching the highest scores (at least 80%). The highest scores were found in Domain 6 “Editorial Independence,” Domain 1 “Scope and purpose,” and Domain 4 “Clarity of presentation” (median value = 66%, 62%, and 61%, respectively). The remaining domains showed a low level of quality: Domain 2 “Stakeholder Involvement,” Domain 3 “Rigor of development,” and Domain 5 “Applicability” had median values of 27%, 27%, and 22%, respectively. The quality of these guidelines was very low, because of low involvement of multidisciplinary teams in writing guidelines recommendations.

Conclusion
Considering all guidelines, only three had a “high” overall score, whereas 13 of 18 (72%) of them were rated as of “low” quality. Future guidelines might take this into account to improve clinical applicability.