bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AMBULATORY PULSE PRESSURE COMPONENTS AT AGE 18–40 YEARS CAN PREDICT OUTCOMES
Authors: Gavish Benjamin , Bursztyn Michael , Staessen Jan 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Risk factors for young adults are of special interest. It has been previously shown that average 24-hour ambulatory pulse pressure (PP) can be expressed as a sum of two components: ‘elastic’ PP (elPP) and ‘stiffening’ PP (stPP) associated, respectively, with arterial stiffness at the diastolic blood pressure (BP) and the pressure dependence of stiffness during the systole. The study objective was to determine elPP and stPP (‘PP components’) from 24-hour ambulatory BP (24-hABP) monitoring and assess their prognostic value for selected types of events for the young age using the International Database of Ambulatory blood pressure in relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes (IDACO).

Design and method:
Longitudinal population-based study of young adults age 18–40 years from 9 cohorts; Europeans (6 cohorts), Asians (2 cohorts), and South Americans (1 cohort), with baseline observations that included 24-hABP records of adequate quality at baseline. Participants were followed up for events including the incidence of fatal and non-fatal coronary events and fatal and non-fatal heart failure (‘hard cardiac events’) and that of cerebrovascular death and non-fatal stroke (‘hard cerebrovascular events’). The PP components were determined from the individual 24-hABP record using a previously described procedure. For each PP component the hazard ratio (HR) per 1SD increase was determined using Cox regression model adjusted for cohorts (dummy variables) and the baseline characteristics given in Results.

Results:
Baseline characteristics of the 2635 participants were age 30 ± 5y, males 46%, average 24-hour ambulatory diastolic BP 70 ± 7 mmHg, and heart rate 75 ± 9 beats/min, body mass index 24 ± 4 Kg/m2, smoking 29%, drinking alcohol 43%, serum cholesterol 5.0 ± 1.1 mg/dL, history of cardiovascular disease 2.8%, diabetes mellitus 1.6%, and on antihypertensive drugs 2.1%. Hard cardiac and hard cerebrovascular events occurred during the 13.6 ± 6.2 years of follow up. The elPP and stPP were weakly correlated (r = 0.39). The table shows the calculated HR.

Conclusions:
For young adults 24-hour ambulatory elPP (but not stPP) shows protective power for hard cardiac events, while stPP (but not elPP) is a risk factor for hard cerebrovascular events.
AWARENESS OF RISK FACTORS AND COMPONENTS OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR COMORBIDITY AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Efremova Elena , Shutov Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. Timely prevention and diagnosis of CKD in risk groups, primarily in elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity, is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate awareness of risk factors and components of lifestyle modification in elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity and CKD.

Design and method:
214 elderly patients with stable cardiovascular diseases (106 males, mean age 69.5 ± 7.6 years) were studied. CKD was diagnosed and classified according to the KDIGO guidelines (2012).Awareness of risk factors and components of lifestyle modification were assessed through questionnaires and interviews.

Results:
CKD with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2(CKD-EPI, 2011) was diagnosed in 144 (67.3%) patients. Only one third of elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases and CKD (33.3%) were aware of their impaired renal function. 18 (12.5%) elderly patients with CKD did not have constant monitoring by medical specialists. Most of the patients had arterial hypertension - 201 (93.9%). Awareness of risk factors and components of lifestyle modification in elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity did not differ depending on the presence of CKD (p > 0.05). 181 (84.6%) elderly patients were informed about the benefits of salt restriction, 193 (90.2%) - about the benefits of daily eating vegetables and fruits, 165 (77,1%) - on the need for physical activity. 173 (80.8%) elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity never smoked and 178 (83.2%) - very rarely consume alcohol. Only half of elderly patients knew the level of total cholesterol (51.4%) and their cardiovascular risk (45.8%). Majority of elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity (95.8%) had home blood pressure monitor regardless of the presence of CKD. Every fourth patient (26.2%) kept a diary of blood pressure self-monitoring. Every fourth of elderly patient (26.6%) never controls blood pressure at home.

Conclusions:
Elderly patients with cardiovascular comorbidity and CKD are well informed about the components of lifestyle modification. only half of elderly patients are aware of their cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk and engage in self-monitoring of blood pressure, despite the presence of cardiovascular diseases and CKD.
LIPOPROTEIN (A) LEVELS PREDICT PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN SUBJECTS IN PRIMARY PREVENTION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE WITH LARGE APO(A) ISOFORMS: DATA FROM THE BRISIGHELLA HEART STUDY
Authors: Cicero Arrigo F.G. , Fogacci Federica , Derosa Giuseppe , D’angelo Angela , Ventura Fulvio , Rizzoli Elisabetta , D’addato Sergio , Borghi Claudio 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
In the last decades, high serum levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) have been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, in particular among individuals with smaller apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) isoforms than those with larger sizes. The aim of our analysis was to evaluate whether Lp(a) levels could predict early vascular aging, and whether smaller apo(a) isoforms have a predictive value of vascular aging different than larger apo(a) isoforms in a cohort of subjects free from CVD.

Design and method:
We considered the data of a subset of Brisighella Heart Study (BHS) participants free from CVD (462 men and 516 women) who were clinically evaluated during the 2012 BHS population survey. Predictors of arterial stiffness -measured as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV)- were estimated by the application of a step-wise linear regression model.

Results:
In our cohort, there were 511 subjects with small apo(a) size and 467 subjects with large apo(a) isoforms. Subjects with larger apo(a) isoform sizes had significantly lower serum levels of Lp(a). In the BHS subpopulation sample, cfPWV was predicted by age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and sex, being higher HDL-C serum levels and female sex associated to lower values of cfPWV. In subjects with smaller apo(a) isoform sizes, predictors of cf-PWV were age, SBP, sex and serum levels of HDL-C, being higher HDL-C serum levels and female sex associated to lower values of cfPWV. In subjects with larger apo(a) isoform sizes, cf-PWV was predicted by age, SBP, serum levels of Lp(a) and sex, being female sex associated to lower values of cfPWV.

Conclusions:
In our subpopulation sample, Lp(a) did not predict cfPWV. However, among subjects with larger apo(a) isoform sizes Lp(a) was a significant predictor of arterial stiffness.
GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSPEPTIDASE IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: Chaabouni Khansa , Mezghani Chema , Boudaya Mariem , Zouari Dhouha , Frikha Madiha , Chaabene Kais , Elleuch Aida , Ayadi Fatma 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is implicated in oxidative stress previously reported in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective:
to investigate gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) activity in PCOS.

Design and method:
We have conducted a case control study. PCOS diagnosis was made based on Rotterdam criteria. Age and Body Mass index (BMI) paired controls were recruted. Biochemical parameters were made by automated methods (Cobas-Roche).

Results:
The study material consisted of 45 PCOS women and 40 controls. Overweight Obese women with PCOS had significant increased blood pressure and GGT activity. In all the study group, significant correlations were noted between GGT vs menstrual cycle length, GGT vs blood bressure, GGT vs fasting glucose, GGT vs triglycerides, and GGT vs high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). Moreover, in PCOS significant correlations were observed between GGT and body mass index.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that clinical severity of PCOS would be associated to metabolic dysfunctions. The relevance of GGT to BMI and blood pressure in PCOS could be related to various hepatic, lipids, carbohydrates and oxydative alterations in this complex syndrome. Monitoring GGT levels in such patients coud help in disease supervision.
SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED LEARNING TO DEFINE THE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK OF PATIENTS ACCORDING TO AN EXTRACELLULAR VESICLE MOLECULAR SIGNATURE
Authors: Burrello Jacopo , Burrello Alessio , Vacchi Elena , Bianco Giovanni , Caporali Elena , Grazioli Lorenzo , Amongero Martina , Bolis Sara , Vassalli Giuseppe , Cereda Carlo , Mulatero Paolo , Bussolati Benedetta , Melli Giorgia , Camici Giovanni , Monticone Silvia , Barile Lucio 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles released from cells. Since their content reflect the specific signatures of cellular activation and injury, EVs display a strong potential as biomarkers in the cardiovascular (CV) field. We aimed at dissecting a specific EV signature able to stratify patients according to their CV risk and likelihood to develop fatal CV events.

Design and method:
A total of 404 patients were included in the analysis. For each subject, we evaluated several CV risk indicators (age, sex, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, smoking habit, organ damage) and the likelihood of fatal CV events at 10 years, according to the SCORE charts of the European Society of Cardiology. Serum EVs were isolated by immuno-capture and analyzed for the expression of 37 EV surface antigens by flow cytometry. Unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms were applied for clustering patients according to CV risk.

Results:
Based on expression levels of EV antigens, unsupervised learning classified patients into three clusters (cluster I, 288 patients; cluster II, 86 patients; cluster III, 30 patients). Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic heart failure and organ damage (defined as left ventricular hypertrophy and/or microalbuminuria) progressively increases from cluster I to cluster III, with an average 6.9-fold increase. Several EV antigens, including markers from platelets (CD41b-CD42a-CD62P), leukocytes (CD1c-CD2-CD3-CD4-CD8-CD14-CD19-CD20-CD25-CD40-CD45-CD69-CD86), and endothelium (CD31-CD105) were independently associated to the CV risk indicators and correlated to age, blood pressure, glucometabolic profile, renal function, and SCORE risk. EV specific signature obtained by supervised learning allowed the accurate classification of patients according to their 10-year risk of future CV events, as estimated with the SCORE risk charts.

Conclusions:
EV profiling, obtainable from minimally-invasive blood sampling, may be integrated into CV risk stratification, displaying a potential role in the tailored management of these patients.
HIGH LEVEL OF THE AMOUNT OF ECG PEAKS SV1+RV5–V6 PREDICT NEW CASES OF HYPERTENSION IN THE ORGANIZED POPULATION OF THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY WORKERS
Authors: Ali Ukla , Podpalov Vladislav 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Identify risk factors for new cases of hypertension according to a 10-year prospective study of the organized population of the petrochemical industry workers in Belarus.

Design and method:
New cases of hypertension were revealed according to a 10-year prospective study in 2004/2014 in the organized population of 1,431 workers of petrochemical industry. In 2004 871 subjects with normal blood pressure were divided into two groups. The first group included 260 workers without adverse working factors, the second group included 611 workers with adverse working factors. The survey included standard questionnaires for detection of cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometric measurements, data from instrumental and laboratory examination.

Results:
According to a 10-year prospective study, a high incidence of hypertension in the studied population was established (37.5%: 31.5% in persons without adverse working factors and 40.1% in persons with adverse working factors) (p < 0.05). A significant positive relationship was found between the incidence of hypertension and work in harmful working conditions (p < 0.05), the strongest connection of which had psycho-physiological factors of labor intensity (p < 0.01). There was revealed significant positive association between the amount of ECG peaks SV1+RV5–V6 (>24 mm) and the frequency of new cases of hypertension adjusted for age, sex and factor of working conditions (df = 1; x2Wald = 33,0; p < 0,001). There were identified other significant factors affecting new cases of hypertension after adjusting for age, sex and factor of working conditions: systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), heredity (p < 0.01), absence of higher education (p < 0.001), smoking in the past and present (p < 0.001), alcohol abuse (p < 0.001), low physical activity (p < 0.001), body mass index (p < 0,001), level of salt taste threshold (p < 0,001), level of triglycerides (p < 0,01), glucose (p < 0,001) and GFR (p < 0,001) according to multifactorial regression analysis. Development of hypertension was also associated with a lack of recreational activities (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In addition to classical risk factors level of the amount of ECG peaks SV1+RV5–V6 > 24 mm is a new predictor of development of hypertension in the Belarusian organized population.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN REFERRED TO CARDIAC SPECT: WHEN AND WHO? DATA FROM LATVIAN CARDIAC SPECT REGISTRY
Authors: Vitola Barbara , Mintale Iveta , Trusinskis Karlis , Kalnina Marika , Kedrova Jelena , Erglis Andrejs 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Population based cross-sectional study of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors in Latvia from year 2009 till 2019 revealed that women in age 25 -74 are in a very high CVR group: 61% of women have dyslipidemia, more than 33% have arterial hypertension (AH) and 28% are overweight. The data indicates the necessity for focused diagnostics and early detection of cardiovascular disease. The aim of study was to define the clinical profile and risk factors for women with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) reffered to cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in Latvia and to find out the correlation between nuclear test result and patient clinical presentation.

Design and method:
Cardiac SPECT was performed in a single centre from 2018 till 2021. The women patients were analyzed by risk factors and previous diagnosis of CAD. Exercise test was performed in all cases. Patients were divided into 2 groups: normal myocardial perfusion or true myocardial perfusion defect, defined as area of ischemia more than 10% of the left ventricle myocardium mass.

Results:
726 SPECT data were analyzed. The mean age of women patients was 62.6 ± 10.6 years. More than half of the patients (n = 486,66.9%) were overweight (BMI> 25.0 kg/m2) and 33.3%(n = 242) were obese (BMI> 30.0 kg/m2). 87 (11.9%) women were current or ex-smokers. Dyslipidemia was present in in 614 (84.6%), AH in 535 (73.7%) and type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 60 (8.3%) patients. 104 (14.3%) patients were asymptomatic, but with intermediate to high pre-test probability for CAD. Known CAD was present in 298 (41.0%) patients. Exercise test was found positive in 306 (42.1%) patients and the test result was not always associated with ischaemia in SPECT (p = 0.063). True myocardial perfusion defect was detected in 125 patients (17.2%). Correlation was found between significant perfusion defect in SPECT and risk factors - AH (p = 0.013) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.029).

Conclusions:
The registry proves the high value of imaging with cardiac SPECT for diagnostics of CAD. Women patients with intermediate or high pre-test probability – even asymptomatic or with non informative exercise test should be reffered for cardiac SPECT.
PREVALENCE OF TARGET ORGAN DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN IBERICAN STUDY
Authors: Secin Anny Altagracia Romero , Moreno Francisco Javier Alonso , Martínez Teresa Rama , Rivero Javier Benitez , Amengual Ana Moyá , Escobar Francisco Jesús Morales , Hernández Héctor Suárez , Roca Francisco Valls , Fernández Juan Jesús García , Sanjurjo Sergio Cinza 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The general aim of IBERICAN study is to know the prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular and renal disease in Spain. The aim of this abstract is to know the prevalence of subclinical target organ damage (TOD) and type 2 of Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in population of the IBERICAN Study.

Design and method:
The IBERICAN Study is a longitudinal, observational, and multicentric study with subjects between 18 to 85 years of age, recruited in Primary Care (PC) and who will be follow up at least 10 years. The final sample size is estimated in 8,066 patients. We show the baseline characteristics of the patients in the first visit (n = 8,066). To define the TOD, we consider the ESH 2013 Guide criteria: pressure pulse in aged > 60 mmHg, ankle/brachial index < 0.9, microalbuminuria: albumin/creatinine ratio (between 30 - 299 mg/g), glomerular filtration (CDK-EPI < 60 ml/min), left ventricular hypertrophy (electrocardiogram or ECHO).

Results:
1,434 patients had T2DM (20.1%), 56.4% men. 44.8% of patients with T2DM had TOD. Of the patients with TOD, the mean BMI was 31.7 ± 9.6 Kg/m2. By type of TOD: pulse pressure at > 60 mmHg: 29.2%; ankle/brachial index < 0.9: 3.0%; microalbuminuria: 17.0%; left ventricular hypertrophy: 7.0%. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM and TOD compared to non-TOD was: Hypertension 84.8% vs 68.4%, p< 0.001; dyslipidemia 78.2% vs 71.6%, p < 0.01; obesity 52.0% vs 49.7% p = 0.376; alcohol consumption 17.0% vs 15.2% p = 0.369; smoking 12.4% vs 14.7%, p = 0.202; sedentary lifestyle 38.5% vs 33.7%, p = 0.061.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of TOD in patients with T2DM in primary care is high, half of the patients. By type of TOD, elevated pulse pressure in the elderly and microalbuminuria were the most prevalent. Arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia were more prevalent in patients with TOD.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN URIC ACID AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Otmane Amel , Makrelouf Mohamed , Zenati Akila 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are implicated in the pathophysiology of hypertension.
The aim of this work is to analyse the association between uricemia and components of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients.

Design and method:
It is a prospective study, 245 hypertensive patients (57 ± 8.49 years: women (79,60%)/ men (20,40%), 115 patients with MetS and 130 without MetS were examined for metabolic status in fasting blood (glycemia, triglycerides,total cholesterol, HDLc, LDLc, uric acid, CRPus and HOMA-IR. The definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III for Mets. Insulin resistance estimated by the HOMA-IR.

Results:
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our series is 48%, we observed that 45% of patients are sedentary, 47% are overweight and 36.25% of them are obese.
Insulin resistance assessed by the HOMA index is 45%. The results of the uricemia in the patients reveal levels of (51.81 ± 13.8) mg/l for the HTA with sMet, and 45.73 ± 13.7 for the group without sMet. It is higher in obese hypertensive patients, the difference is significant (p = 0.0005).
Correlation analysis between uric acid and components of the metabolic syndrome revealed a significant association with BMI (p = 0.003), waist circumference (p = 0.0006), HOMA-IR (p = 0.0006) and CRPus (p = 0.04) in the sMet group. In the group without sMet no significant correlation was found with the parameters studied.

Conclusions:
The data obtained in our series reveal that hyperuricemia could be a cardiovascular risk factor. Several experimental and epidemiological studies also support a direct or indirect role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome in hypertension.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: ANY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS FOR SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
Authors: Bortolotti Stefano , Cattazzo Filippo , Tagetti Angela , Marcon Denise , Rosin Elena , Minuz Pietro , Maffeis Claudio , Fava Cristiano 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Atherosclerosis is one of the most dangerous complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) leading to cardiovascular (CV) diseases. There are only a few data about the relative burden of the other CV risk factors apart from DM in determining subclinical atherosclerosis at different ages in patients with T1DM. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare adolescents and young adults with T1DM about the association of the different CV risk factors with subclinical vascular damage.

Design and method:
In sixty children and sixty adults with T1DM matched for sex and glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] level, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid coefficient of distensibility (cDC) and Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) were measured by carotid ultrasonography and the SphygmoCor XCel device. Peripheral and central systolic/diastolic blood pressure (pSBP/pDBP; cSBP/cDBP), body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, nonHDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio were also analyzed. Demographic and hemodynamic variables are shown in Table-1.
The relationship between risk factors and markers of subclinical vascular damage was assessed in each group by linear regression models using as covariates: gender, BMI, age, HbA1c, nonHDL/HDL-cholesterol ratio, and either pBP or cBP.

Results:
cIMT was associated neither with hemodynamic parameters nor with metabolic risk factor in both adolescents and adults. In adolescents, cDC was associated with pSBP (±SEM -017 ± 0.09 p-value = 0.013) whereas PWV showed an association with cSBP (±SEM 0.37 ± 0.008; p-value:0.003), cDBP (±SEM 0.46 ± 0.02; p-value:0.000), pDBP (±SEM 0.35 ± 0.01; p-value:0.003), and non-HDL/HDL ratio (±SEM 0.35 ± 0.12; p-value:0.007). In young adults, cDC was associated with cDBP (±SEM -0.28 ± 0.13; p-value:0.005) and pDBP (±SEM -0.26 ± 0.15 p-value = 0.02) whereas PWV was associated with cDBP (±SEM 0.36 ± 0.009; p-value:0.02), pSBP (±SEM 0.37 ± 0.01; p-value:0.002) and pDBP (±SEM 0.37 ± 0.02; p-value: 0.004).

Conclusions:
Subclinical vascular damages in T1DM are associated especially with hemodynamic factors, such as SBP and DBP, both in adolescents and young adults. Our findings suggest that BP control may be paramount starting early in patients with T1DM.