bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable intensification of wheat production under smallholder farming systems in Burera, Musanze and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda
Authors: Cyamweshi Athanase Rusanganwa , Nabahungu Nsharwasi Léon , Mirali Jackson Cirhuza , Kihara Job , Oduor George , Rware Harrison , Sileshi Gudeta Weldesemayat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The productivity of wheat is low on smallholder farms in Rwanda. Although mineral fertiliser use is being promoted as a sustainable intensification (SI) pathway, little is known about the nutrient use efficiency and profitability of various fertiliser inputs in Burera, Musanze and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda. The objective of this study was to assess the use of combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) in wheat production in terms of nutrients management specifically, crop yield, production risk, input use efficiency and economic returns on smallholder farms. The study was conducted in three wheat-growing regions of Rwanda (i.e., Nyamagabe, Musanze and Burera districts) with contrasting soil conditions. The treatments included combinations of different levels of N (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha−1) with P (0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 kg ha−1) and K (10, 20 and 30 kg ha−1) and the control with no applied nutrients. A diagnostic treatment composed of 90 kg N, 15 kg P, 20 kg K, 10 kg Mg, 2.5 kg Zn and 0.5 kg B ha−1 was also included. Mean grain yield and its variability, rainfall use efficiency (RUE), agronomic use efficiency (AE) of N and P and the value cost ratios (VCRs) were calculated to assess the sustainability of the nutrient rates. Across all sites, wheat grain yield and RUE increased with increase in N rates up to 90 kg N ha−1, beyond which no further increase was observed. The highest wheat yield (5.5 t ha−1) and RUE (6.6 kg ha−1 mm−1) with the lowest production risk (coefficient of variation [CV] = 20%) were recorded in the diagnostic treatment. Although the highest AEN and AEP were recorded at lower N and P levels, the CVs of VCR were high (>64%), indicating higher production risk to wheat farmers. In all cases, an optimum VCR (5.6), with the lowest CV (44.4%), was recorded in the diagnostic treatment. We conclude that application of 90 kg N, 15 kg P, 20 kg K, 10 kg Mg, 2.5 kg Zn and 0.1 kg B can guarantee a more SI of wheat production in Burera, Musanze and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda.
Various approaches to the round window for cochlear implantation: a systematic review
Authors: Aljazeeri I , Alturaiki S , Abdelsamad Y , Alzhrani F , Hagr A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveRound window approaches are used to insert a cochlear implant electrode array into the scala tympani. This study aimed to review the literature to find the reported round window approaches.MethodThis review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (‘PRISMA’) guidelines. Articles that described their surgical approach to the round window were included. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched through to June 2021. The study protocol was registered on Prospero (reference number: CRD42021226940).ResultsA total of 42 reports were included. The following approaches were documented: the standard facial recess, keyhole, retrofacial, modified suprameatal, transaditus, combined posterior tympanotomy and endomeatal, modified Veria, canal wall down approaches, and endoscopically assisted technique.ConclusionThis review suggested that there are numerous distinct round window approaches, providing alternatives when the round window is inaccessible through the standard facial recess.
The ultra-processed foods hypothesis: a product processed well beyond the basic ingredients in the package
Authors: Visioli Francesco , Marangoni Franca , Fogliano Vincenzo , Del Rio Daniele , Martinez J. Alfredo , Kuhnle Gunter , Buttriss Judith , Da Costa Ribeiro Hugo , Bier Dennis , Poli Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe NOVA classification of food items has become increasingly popular and is being used in several observational studies as well as in nutritional guidelines and recommendations. We propose that there is a need for this classification and its use in the formulation of public health policies to be critically discussed and re-appraised. The terms ‘processing’ and ‘ultra-processing’, which are crucial to the NOVA classification, are ill-defined, as no scientific, measurable or precise reference parameters exist for them. Likewise, the theoretical grounds of the NOVA classification are unclear and inaccurate. Overall, the NOVA classification conflicts with the classic, evidence-based evaluation of foods based on composition and portion size because NOVA postulates that the food itself (or how much of it is eaten) is unimportant, but rather that dietary effects are due to how the food is produced. We contend that the NOVA system suffers from a lack of biological plausibility so the assertion that ultra-processed foods are intrinsically unhealthful is largely unproven, and needs further examination and elaboration.
Characteristics of Frequency‐Power Spectra in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Over Andøya (Norway) Revealed by MAARSY
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , He Maosheng , Latteck Ralph , Renkwitz Toralf , Avsarkisov Victor , Zecha Marius , Chau Jorge L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the tropospheric and lower stratospheric 3D wind frequency spectra at Andøya, Norway (69.30°N and 16.04°E) during the years 2017–2020 obtained with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System. We produce power spectral densityS(f) in a broad frequency range (3.5 days−1 > f > 1h−1). We categorize the spectra into different ranges: two frequency ranges (lower and higher than (13 hr)−1according to the local inertial period of 13 hr), four altitude ranges (lower troposphere, middle troposphere, tropopause region, and lower stratosphere), and four seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter). We approximate the power lawS(f) ∝ fβthrough a least‐square regression. Our results indicate that (a) the spectra of the horizontal winds follow a power law with slopes of aboutβ = −5/3 and −2 at the high and low frequency, respectively, (b) the slopes get steeper around the tropopause and seasonally during the summer (which we report for the first time), and (c) the slopeβin the vertical wind is shallow 0 >β > −1, which flattens with altitude.
Quantification of Pacific Plate Hotspot Tracks Since 80 Ma
Authors: Gaastra Kevin M. , Gordon Richard G. , Woodworth Daniel T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe motion of the Pacific plate relative to Pacific hotspots produces age‐progressive chains of volcanoes. Methods of analysis of volcano locations and age dates using a small number of adjustable parameters (10 per chain) are presented. Simple fits to age progressions along Pacific hotspot chains indicate 1σ dispersions of age dates of ≈±1.0–±3.0 Ma. Motion between the Hawaii and Louisville hotspots differs insignificantly from zero with rates of 2 ± 4 mm/a (=±2σ) for 0–48 Ma and 26 ± 34 mm/a (=±2σ) for 48–80 Ma. Relative to a mean Pacific hotspot reference frame, motions of the Hawaii, Louisville, and Rurutu hotspots are also insignificant. Therefore plumes underlying these Pacific hotspots may be more stable in a convecting mantle than previously inferred. We find no significant difference in age between the Eocene bends of the Pacific hotspot chains. The best‐fitting assumed‐coeval age for the bends is 47.4 ± 1.0 Ma (=±2σ), coincident with the initiation of the doubling of the spreading rate of the Pacific plate relative to the Farallon and Vancouver plates. The initiation of the Eocene collision of India with Eurasia preceded the formation of the bends and was completed after their formation. Initiation of subduction of the Pacific plate in the west and southwest Pacific Ocean Basin likely preceded the formation of the bends, consistent with subduction initiation changing the torque on the Pacific plate such that it started moving in a more westward direction thus creating the Hawaiian‐Emperor Bend.
Multidecadal Water Mass Dynamics on the West Greenland Shelf
Authors: Mortensen J. , Rysgaard S. , Winding M. H. S. , Juul‐Pedersen T. , Arendt K. E. , Lund H. , Stuart‐Lee A. E. , Meire L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe waters on the West Greenland continental shelf and slope play an important role in the global climate system with their link to the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean circulation system and the Greenland Ice Sheet. Lately, low temperature waters on the West Greenland shelf have been observed as far south as ∼64°N and associated with a cold and relatively saline water mass originating north of Davis Strait in Baffin Bay referred to as Baffin Bay Polar Water (BBPW). Here we use long, seasonal hydrographic time series from West Greenland at ∼64°N to study how frequently BBPW is reaching this far south. The analysis covers the period 1950–2018 with a data gap between 1988 and 2005. BBPW was observed frequently and was responsible for the temperature changes observed in the late 1960s–1980s and more intermittently post‐2008. Some of the large temperature changes we observe in the time series have previously been ascribed to “Great Salinity Anomalies” (GSAs) propagating around the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean circulation system. The prevailing view of the propagation of GSAs has been ascribed to advection of anomalies along the large‐scale circulation system. Our study shows that BBPW may play an important role in the interpretation of GSAs and melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Large temporal temperature changes at ∼64°N are associated with arrival of BBPW from the north and not advection of anomalies with the large‐scale current system from the south. This advocates for a shift in water masses caused by changes in the position and/or strength of oceanic currents.
The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms
Authors: Alaggio Rita , Amador Catalina , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Attygalle Ayoma D. , Araujo Iguaracyra Barreto de Oliveira , Berti Emilio , Bhagat Govind , Borges Anita Maria , Boyer Daniel , Calaminici Mariarita , Chadburn Amy , Chan John K. C. , Cheuk Wah , Chng Wee-Joo , Choi John K. , Chuang Shih-Sung , Coupland Sarah E. , Czader Magdalena , Dave Sandeep S. , de Jong Daphne , Du Ming-Qing , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S. , Ferry Judith , Geyer Julia , Gratzinger Dita , Guitart Joan , Gujral Sumeet , Harris Marian , Harrison Christine J. , Hartmann Sylvia , Hochhaus Andreas , Jansen Patty M. , Karube Kennosuke , Kempf Werner , Khoury Joseph , Kimura Hiroshi , Klapper Wolfram , Kovach Alexandra E. , Kumar Shaji , Lazar Alexander J. , Lazzi Stefano , Leoncini Lorenzo , Leung Nelson , Leventaki Vasiliki , Li Xiao-Qiu , Lim Megan S. , Liu Wei-Ping , Louissaint Abner , Marcogliese Andrea , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Michal Michael , Miranda Roberto N. , Mitteldorf Christina , Montes-Moreno Santiago , Morice William , Nardi Valentina , Naresh Kikkeri N. , Natkunam Yasodha , Ng Siok-Bian , Oschlies Ilske , Ott German , Parrens Marie , Pulitzer Melissa , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Rawstron Andrew C. , Rech Karen , Rosenwald Andreas , Said Jonathan , Sarkozy Clémentine , Sayed Shahin , Saygin Caner , Schuh Anna , Sewell William , Siebert Reiner , Sohani Aliyah R. , Tooze Reuben , Traverse-Glehen Alexandra , Vega Francisco , Vergier Beatrice , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Wood Brent , Xerri Luc , Xiao Wenbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe herein present an overview of the upcoming 5thedition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours focussing on lymphoid neoplasms. Myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms will be presented in a separate accompanying article. Besides listing the entities of the classification, we highlight and explain changes from the revised 4thedition. These include reorganization of entities by a hierarchical system as is adopted throughout the 5thedition of the WHO classification of tumours of all organ systems, modification of nomenclature for some entities, revision of diagnostic criteria or subtypes, deletion of certain entities, and introduction of new entities, as well as inclusion of tumour-like lesions, mesenchymal lesions specific to lymph node and spleen, and germline predisposition syndromes associated with the lymphoid neoplasms.
Neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer’s disease: what are the drivers behind this aberrant phenotype?
Authors: Targa Dias Anastacio Helena , Matosin Natalie , Ooi Lezanne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to loss of cognitive abilities and ultimately, death. With no cure available, limited treatments mostly focus on symptom management. Identifying early changes in the disease course may provide new therapeutic targets to halt or reverse disease progression. Clinical studies have shown that cortical and hippocampal hyperactivity are a feature shared by patients in the early stages of disease, progressing to hypoactivity during later stages of neurodegeneration. The exact mechanisms causing neuronal excitability changes are not fully characterized; however, animal and cell models have provided insights into some of the factors involved in this phenotype. In this review, we summarize the evidence for neuronal excitability changes over the course of AD onset and progression and the molecular mechanisms underpinning these differences. Specifically, we discuss contributors to aberrant neuronal excitability, including abnormal levels of intracellular Ca2+ and glutamate, pathological amyloid β (Aβ) and tau, genetic risk factors, including APOE, and impaired inhibitory interneuron and glial function. In light of recent research indicating hyperexcitability could be a predictive marker of cognitive dysfunction, we further argue that the hyperexcitability phenotype could be leveraged to improve the diagnosis and treatment of AD, and present potential targets for future AD treatment development.
LncRNA IRAR regulates chemokines production in tubular epithelial cells thus promoting kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Jia Ping , Xu Sujuan , Ren Ting , Pan Tianyi , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yunlu , Zou Zhouping , Guo Man , Zeng Qi , Shen Bo , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasing evidence demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in several pathogenic processes of the kidney. However, functions of lncRNAs in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) remain undefined. In this study, global lncRNA profiling indicated that many lncRNA transcripts were deregulated in kidney after ischemia reperfusion (IR). Among them, we identified IRAR (ischemia-reperfusion injury associated RNA) as a potential lncRNA candidate, which was mostly expressed by the tubular epithelial cells (TECs) after IR, involved in the development of AKI. GapmeR-mediated silencing and viral-based overexpression of IRAR were carried out to assess its function and contribution to IR-induced AKI. The results revealed that in vivo silencing of IRAR significantly reduced IR-induced proinflammatory cells infiltration and AKI. IRAR overexpression induced chemokine CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL2 expression both in mRNA and protein levels in TECs, while, silencing of IRAR resulted in downregulation of these chemokines. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pulldown assay validated the association between IRAR and CCL2, CXCL1/2. Further examination revealed that specific ablation of CCL2 in TECs reduced macrophages infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production, attenuated renal dysfunction in IR mice. Inhibition of CXC chemokine receptor 2 (receptor of CXCL1/2) reduced neutrofils infiltration, but had no overt effect on kidney function. To explore the mechanism of IRAR upregulation in kidney during IR, we analyzed promoter region of IRAR and predicted a potential binding site for transcription factor C/EBP β on IRAR promoter. Silencing of C/EBP β reduced IRAR expression in TECs. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) confirmed that IRAR was a transcriptional target of the C/EBP β. Altogether, our findings identify IRAR as a new player in the development of ischemic AKI through regulating chemokine production and immune cells infiltration, suggesting that IRAR is a potential target for prevention and/or attenuation of AKI.
High-resolution mass measurements of single budding yeast reveal linear growth segments
Authors: Cuny Andreas P. , Tanuj Sapra K. , Martinez-Martin David , Fläschner Gotthold , Adams Jonathan D. , Martin Sascha , Gerber Christoph , Rudolf Fabian , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe regulation of cell growth has fundamental physiological, biotechnological and medical implications. However, methods that can continuously monitor individual cells at sufficient mass and time resolution hardly exist. Particularly, detecting the mass of individual microbial cells, which are much smaller than mammalian cells, remains challenging. Here, we modify a previously described cell balance (‘picobalance’) to monitor the proliferation of single cells of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under culture conditions in real time. Combined with optical microscopy to monitor the yeast morphology and cell cycle phase, the picobalance approaches a total mass resolution of 0.45 pg. Our results show that single budding yeast cells (S/G2/M phase) increase total mass in multiple linear segments sequentially, switching their growth rates. The growth rates weakly correlate with the cell mass of the growth segments, and the duration of each growth segment correlates negatively with cell mass. We envision that our technology will be useful for direct, accurate monitoring of the growth of single cells throughout their cycle.
Geometry-independent antenna based on Epsilon-near-zero medium
Authors: Li Hao , Zhou Ziheng , He Yijing , Sun Wangyu , Li Yue , Liberal Iñigo , Engheta Nader 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is well known that electromagnetic radiation from radiating elements (e.g., antennas, apertures, etc.) shows dependence on the element’s geometry shape in terms of operating frequencies. This basic principle is ubiquitous in the design of radiators in multiple applications spanning from microwave, to optics and plasmonics. The emergence of epsilon-near-zero media exceptionally allows for an infinite wavelength of electromagnetic waves, manifesting exotic spatially-static wave dynamics which is not dependent on geometry. In this work, we analyze theoretically and verify experimentally such geometry-independent features for radiation, thus presenting a novel class of radiating resonators, i.e., antennas, with an operating frequency irrelevant to the geometry shape while only determined by the host material’s dispersions. Despite being translated into different shapes and topologies, the designed epsilon-near-zero antenna resonates at a same frequency, while exhibiting very different far-field radiation patterns, with beams varying from wide to narrow, or even from single to multiple. Additionally, the photonic doping technique is employed to facilitate the high-efficiency radiation. The material-determined geometry-independent radiation may lead to numerous applications in flexible design and manufacturing for wireless communications, sensing, and wavefront engineering.
Dissociation between individual differences in self-reported pain intensity and underlying fMRI brain activation
Authors: Hoeppli M. E. , Nahman-Averbuch H. , Hinkle W. A. , Leon E. , Peugh J. , Lopez-Sola M. , King C. D. , Goldschneider K. R. , Coghill R. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPain is an individual experience. Previous studies have highlighted changes in brain activation and morphology associated with within- and interindividual pain perception. In this study we sought to characterize brain mechanisms associated with between-individual differences in pain in a sample of healthy adolescent and adult participants (N = 101). Here we show that pain ratings varied widely across individuals and that individuals reported changes in pain evoked by small differences in stimulus intensity in a manner congruent with their pain sensitivity, further supporting the utility of subjective reporting as a measure of the true individual experience. Furthermore, brain activation related to interindividual differences in pain was not detected, despite clear sensitivity of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal to small differences in noxious stimulus intensities within individuals. These findings suggest fMRI may not be a useful objective measure to infer reported pain intensity.
Pixel super-resolution with spatially entangled photons
Authors: Defienne Hugo , Cameron Patrick , Ndagano Bienvenu , Lyons Ashley , Reichert Matthew , Zhao Jiuxuan , Harvey Andrew R. , Charbon Edoardo , Fleischer Jason W. , Faccio Daniele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPixelation occurs in many imaging systems and limits the spatial resolution of the acquired images. This effect is notably present in quantum imaging experiments with correlated photons in which the number of pixels used to detect coincidences is often limited by the sensor technology or the acquisition speed. Here, we introduce a pixel super-resolution technique based on measuring the full spatially-resolved joint probability distribution (JPD) of spatially-entangled photons. Without shifting optical elements or using prior information, our technique increases the pixel resolution of the imaging system by a factor two and enables retrieval of spatial information lost due to undersampling. We demonstrate its use in various quantum imaging protocols using photon pairs, including quantum illumination, entanglement-enabled quantum holography, and in a full-field version of N00N-state quantum holography. The JPD pixel super-resolution technique can benefit any full-field imaging system limited by the sensor spatial resolution, including all already established and future photon-correlation-based quantum imaging schemes, bringing these techniques closer to real-world applications.
Near-ideal electromechanical coupling in textured piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Yan Yongke , Geng Liwei D. , Liu Hairui , Leng Haoyang , Li Xiaotian , Wang Yu U. , Priya Shashank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElectromechanical coupling factor, k, of piezoelectric materials determines the conversion efficiency of mechanical to electrical energy or electrical to mechanical energy. Here, we provide an fundamental approach to design piezoelectric materials that provide near-ideal magnitude of k, via exploiting the electrocrystalline anisotropy through fabrication of grain-oriented or textured ceramics. Coupled phase field simulation and experimental investigation on <001> textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics illustrate that k can reach same magnitude as that for a single crystal, far beyond the average value of traditional ceramics. To provide atomistic-scale understanding of our approach, we employ a theoretical model to determine the physical origin of k in perovskite ferroelectrics and find that strong covalent bonding between B-site cation and oxygen via d-p hybridization contributes most towards the magnitude of k. This demonstration of near-ideal k value in textured ceramics will have tremendous impact on design of ultra-wide bandwidth, high efficiency, high power density, and high stability piezoelectric devices.