bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexist Hate Speech and the International Human Rights Law: Towards Legal Recognition of the Phenomenon by the United Nations and the Council of Europe
Authors: Sękowska-Kozłowska Katarzyna , Baranowska Grażyna , Gliszczyńska-Grabias Aleksandra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFor many women and girls sexist and misogynistic language is an everyday experience. Some instances of this speech can be categorized as ‘sexist hate speech’, as not only having an insulting or degrading character towards the individuals to whom the speech is addressed, but also resonating with the entire group, contributing to its silencing, marginalization and exclusion. The aim of this article is to examine how sexist hate speech is handled in international human rights law. The argument derives from the claim than that legal discourse should distinguish between ‘sexist speech’ and ‘sexist hate speech’, and that the later may be qualified as a form of violence against women. Then it analyses the approaches of two human rights protection systems—the United Nations and the Council of Europe system—towards the phenomenon of sexist hate speech, by taking their position towards hate speech in general as a point of reference. In both systems, sexist hate speech is being addressed more eagerly under the gender equality framework, including counteracting violence against women, than in their interpretation of hate speech under general human rights law. The article argues the importance of recognizing and addressing sexist hate speech both within the framework of gender equality instruments and anti-hate speech framework established by international human rights bodies.
Models to Predict Development or Recurence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Patients with Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Yilma Mignote , Saxena Varun , Mehta Neil 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States (U.S.).1 The purpose of this review is to highlight published models that predict development of HCC and estimate risk of HCC recurrence after treatments.

Recent Findings
There have been several models created for both de novo HCC and HCC recurrence, with the more recent models using a combination of age, sex, decompensation, and laboratory values (platelet count, albumin, bilirubin), and liver disease etiology to predict both 5 and 10-year HCC incidence. For chronic hepatitis C, sustained virologic response has been a useful component of understanding HCC risk reduction. BMI and diabetes have been utilized in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) models to predict HCC risk. For HCC recurrence after treatment (for both surgical resection and liver transplant), tumor size and number, vascular invasion, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are all components of HCC recurrence risk models.

Summary
Although numerous HCC risk prediction models have been established over the last several years, challenges remain including how to best incorporate these models into clinical practice, improve surveillance for NAFLD-HCC development, and determine timing and duration of post-resection recurrence surveillance.
10 tips on working with human body donors in medical training and research
Authors: Balta Joy Y. , Venne Gabriel , Noël Geoffroy P. J. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman body donors selflessly decided to make the ultimate gift to donate their bodies to education. Being on the receiving end, the health sciences education community owes it to the donors to ensure that they are being treated with utmost respect by promoting and developing high ethical standards and maximizing the benefits from this gift. Working with human body donors for research purposes has increased over the years, while regulations associated with these processes did not change. This article draws upon current literature and author’s experiences to offer practical tips for health educators and everyone working with body donors to achieve these goals. We offer 10 practical tips that help in starting the conversation about the best ways to work with body donors to maximize their contribution to health sciences education.
Invertible analytic functions on Drinfeld symmetric spaces and universal extensions of Steinberg representations
Authors: Gehrmann Lennart 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, Gekeler proved that the group of invertible analytic functions modulo constant functions on Drinfeld’s upper half space is isomorphic to the dual of an integral generalized Steinberg representation. In this note, we show that the group of invertible functions is the dual of a universal extension of that Steinberg representation. As an application, we show that lifting obstructions of rigid analytic theta cocycles of Hilbert modular forms in the sense of Darmon–Vonk can be computed in terms of$$\mathcal {L}$$L-invariants of the associated Galois representation. The same argument applies to theta cocycles for definite unitary groups.
The effects of religious education on prodemocratic positions in the face of the right-wing populism in Poland: Theoretical analysis and clues for educational practices
Authors: Chrostowski Mariusz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Right-wing populism in Poland faces multiple challenges with respect to Religious Education. This is a complex issue, given it is not only about school education supporting pro-democratic positions in the modern generation of students, but also the fact that today’s populists have participated in long-term and complex educational processes of a similar nature. In this sense, the aim of this article is to seek an answer to the question of how Religious Education in Poland—with all of its theoretical and cognitive background rooted in the Christian vision of God and human and the world—can contribute to the elimination of the alliance of the right-wing populist perspectives from the dominant religion of the nation. The article will explain how practical educational opportunities will help students to understand the political strategy of populists, decipher their presentations and approaches, and so shape a positive attitude towards democracy as a desired ideological system within government and social life.
A top-down supervised learning approach to hierarchical multi-label classification in networks
Authors: Romero Miguel , Finke Jorge , Rocha Camilo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNode classification is the task of inferring or predicting missing node attributes from information available for other nodes in a network. This paper presents a general prediction model to hierarchical multi-label classification, where the attributes to be inferred can be specified as a strict poset. It is based on a top-down classification approach that addresses hierarchical multi-label classification with supervised learning by building a local classifier per class. The proposed model is showcased with a case study on the prediction of gene functions for Oryza sativa Japonica, a variety of rice. It is compared to the Hierarchical Binomial-Neighborhood, a probabilistic model, by evaluating both approaches in terms of prediction performance and computational cost. The results in this work support the working hypothesis that the proposed model can achieve good levels of prediction efficiency, while scaling up in relation to the state of the art.
The Flame Characteristics of a Tyre Fire on a Mining Vehicle
Authors: Hansen Rickard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith vehicles frequently found in underground mines and tyres being a major fuel item, the risk of tyre fires will be severe underground. This study presents an in-depth analysis of tyre fires on mining vehicles to increase the knowledge of the risk, applying data from full-scale fire experiments and CFD simulations. It was found that the wheelhouse of the loader caused an increase in the flame tilt angle of approximately 10%, decreasing the flame impingement and heat flux downstream. The flame temperature of the drilling rig tyre was found to be approximately 7% higher than the loader tyre, increasing the risk of igniting adjacent fuel items. The construction of the wheelhouse/mudguard will contribute to a longer flame length by creating a fuel-rich environment. The CFD simulations predicted higher flame tilt angles for the drilling rig case for higher flow velocities, indicating the influence of a varying wheelhouse/mudguard construction and tyre geometry on the flame tilt angle. The construction of the loader resulted in a flow behaviour, where the short distance to the front mudguard/tyre and the separation of flow directly downstream of the protruding construction led to fire gases being steered past the front mudguard/tyre. In the drilling rig case, the longer distance to the front mudguard/tyre led to fire gases being directed towards the body of the vehicle after passing the area with flow separation. An increased knowledge of the tyre fire risk on mining vehicles and mitigating measures would improve the fire safety in underground mines.
Sexual Sadism Disorder and Coercive Paraphilic Disorder: A Scoping Review
Authors: Liu Alissa , Zhang Emma , Leroux Elisabeth J. , Benassi Paul 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Valid and reliable diagnostic criteria are essential in forensic psychiatry and sexual medicine due to the severe implications of potential misdiagnoses. One challenge in this field is the poor operationalization of sexual sadism disorder (SSD) and coercive paraphilic disorder (CP+) definitions.

Aim
The aim of this scoping literature review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the key conceptual differences between SSD and CP+, as well as consider pragmatic and clinically useful approaches to their diagnostic formulation.

Methods
Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework was followed. A literature search of Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature electronic databases was conducted. Publications in English describing the construct and/or operational definition of SSD or CP+ were included. Full-text studies were reviewed by 2 authors and data was charted and synthesized qualitatively.

Results
The initial search provided 1,271 records, after which 120 full-text papers were considered for eligibility and 48 studies were ultimately included. The most common sources of definitions for SSD and CP+ were the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (n = 53) and the International Classification of Disease (n = 12). There was more variation of terms used for CP+ than SSD. Both CP+ and SSD are critiqued by reviewed literature for having low validity, reliability, and consistency, as well as being conflated with sexual crime. SSD is better described due to having diagnostic criteria and validated diagnostic tools.

Clinical Implications
Currently, clinicians rely mostly on the DSM to diagnose SSD or CP+. As applications of SSD and CP+ definitions vary, interpretations may not be generalizable between clinicians. Furthermore, specific diagnoses may be practically unhelpful and unreliable. It may therefore be beneficial for treatment to be determined by risk of harm. In addition to these concerns, the stigma associated with SSD and CP+ may also impact treatment.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths of this study include duplicate review and charting to increase methodological rigor, transparent reporting to minimize publication bias, and encompassing a comprehensive scope. Limitations include the weaknesses of low strength of reviewed literature and risk of publication bias.

Conclusion
Despite their significant implications, the definitions of SSD and CP+ are inconsistent and lack reliability. Future research is necessary to develop stronger diagnostic criteria and tools.
The Social Data Foundation model: Facilitating health and social care transformation throughdatatrust services
Authors: Boniface Michael , Carmichael Laura , Hall Wendy , Pickering Brian , Stalla-Bourdillon Sophie , Taylor Steve 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTurning the wealth of health and social data into insights to promote better public health, while enabling more effective personalized care, is critically important for society. In particular, social determinants of health have a significant impact on individual health, well-being, and inequalities in health. However, concerns around accessing and processing such sensitive data, and linking different datasets, involve significant challenges, not least to demonstrate trustworthiness to all stakeholders. Emergingdatatrust servicesprovide an opportunity to address key barriers to health and social care data linkage schemes, specifically a loss of control experienced by data providers, including the difficulty to maintain a remote reidentification risk over time, and the challenge of establishing and maintaining a social license.Datatrust servicesare a sociotechnical evolution that advances databases and data management systems, and brings together stakeholder-sensitive data governance mechanisms with data services to create a trusted research environment. In this article, we explore the requirements fordatatrust services, a proposed implementation—the Social Data Foundation, and an illustrative test case. Moving forward, such an approach would help incentivize, accelerate, and join up the sharing of regulated data, and the use of generated outputs safely amongst stakeholders, including healthcare providers, social care providers, researchers, public health authorities, and citizens.
The effect of terrorist attacks on attitudes and its duration
Authors: Turkoglu Oguzhan , Chadefaux Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIs terrorism effective as a tool of political influence? In particular, do terrorists succeed in affecting their targets’ attitudes, and how long does the effect last? Existing research unfortunately is either limited to small samples or does not address two main difficulties: issues of endogeneity and the inability to assess the duration of the effect. Here, we first exploit the exogeneity to the selection process of the success or failure of an attack as an identification mechanism. Second, we take advantage of the random allocation of survey respondents to interview times to estimate the duration of the impact of terrorist events on attitudes. Using survey data from 30 European democracies between 2002 and 2017, we find first that terrorism affects people's reported life satisfaction and happiness—a proxy for the cost of terrorism in terms of utility. However, we also find that terrorist attacks do not affect respondents’ attitude toward their government, institutions, or immigrants. This suggests that terrorism is ineffective at translating discontent into political pressure. Importantly, we also find that all effects disappear within less than two weeks.
Early pregnancy hemoglobin is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yong Heng Yaw , Mohd Shariff Zalilah , Mohd Yusof Barakatun Nisak , Rejali Zulida , Tee Yvonne Yee Siang , Bindels Jacques , van der Beek Eline M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the association between hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Hb change, during early to mid-pregnancy with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This was a clinic-based retrospective cohort study of 1951 healthy pregnant women (18–45 years old) with a singleton gestation attending antenatal care at government health clinics. Hb concentration at first prenatal visit and each trimester was extracted from the antenatal cards. Hb changes from first prenatal visit to first and second trimester as well as from second to third trimester were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was used with adjustment for covariates. Women with GDM had significantly higher Hb concentrations (Hb 1) at first prenatal visit (< 12 weeks) compared with non-GDM women (11·91 g/dlv.11·74 g/dl). Hb 1 and Hb changes (Hb change 2) from first prenatal visit to the second trimester (23–27th weeks) were significantly associated with GDM risk, with an adjusted OR of 1·14 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·29) and 1·25 (95 % CI 1·05, 1·49), respectively. The significant associations between Hb 1 and Hb change 2 with the risk of GDM were found among non-Malays, overweight/obese and women aged 35 years and above. Women with higher Hb concentrations in early pregnancy were at higher risk of GDM, and such association was significant among women aged 35 years and above, non-Malays and overweight/obese. This raises a potential concern for elevated Fe status in early pregnancy as a risk factor of GDM among Fe-replete women.
Association of tea-drinking habits with the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a prospective cohort study among postmenopausal women
Authors: Wang Zikun , Arthur Rhonda , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Saquib Nazmus , Johnson Karen C. , Snetselaar Linda G. , Mu Lina , Chen Zhongxue , Luo Juhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough biological evidence suggests that tea consumption may protect against non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), epidemiological evidence has been unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between tea-drinking habits and the risk of NHL in a large nationwide prospective cohort of postmenopausal US women. 68 854 women who were enrolled from 1993 through 1998 in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study and responded to year 3 annual follow-up questionnaire comprised the analytic cohort. Newly diagnosed NHL cases after the year 3 visit were confirmed by medical and pathology reports. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were performed to assess the associations of tea-drinking habits (specifically, the amounts of caffeinated/herbal/decaffeinated tea intake) with the overall risk of NHL and three major subtypes (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (n 195, 0·3 %), follicular lymphoma (n 128, 0·2 %) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (n 51, 0·1 %)). Among 62 622 participants, a total of 663 (1·1 %) women developed NHL during a median follow-up of 16·51 (sd 6·20) years. Overall, different amounts of type-specific tea intake were not associated with the risk of NHL regardless of its histologic subtypes after adjustment for confounders. Our findings suggest that tea intake at the current consumption level does not influence the risk of NHL, regardless of its histologic types.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Aporcelinus abeokutaensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Nigeria
Authors: Bello T.T. , Rashidifard M. , Fourie H. , Peña-Santiago R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new species of dorylaimid nematode, Aporcelinus abeokutaensis sp. n., collected from a watermelon field in Nigeria, is described, illustrated and molecularly (D2–D3 28S ribosomal DNA) studied. It is characterized by its 1.18–1.52-mm-long body, lip region offset by weak constriction, 15.5–17.5 μm broad with perioral liplets, odontostyle 18–21.5 μm long at its dorsal side or 1.1–1.3 times the lip region diameter, neck 333–401 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 45–51% of total neck length, uterus simple and 0.7–1.5 times the corresponding body diameter long, V = 48–53, tail conical with finely rounded tip (33–52 μm long, c = 26–41, c′ = 1.3–1.9) and a variably distinct dorsal concavity, and male unknown. Molecular analysis reveals that the new species grouped with other species of Aporcelinus in a highly supported clade, confirming the monophyly of the genus.
The formulation of an enhanced recovery programme for patients undergoing laryngectomy
Authors: Wilson G , Nistor M , Beasley N 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveEnhanced recovery programmes have been widely adopted in other surgical disciplines but are not commonplace in head and neck surgery. The authors of this study created a pathway for post-operative laryngectomy patients.MethodA multidisciplinary working group reviewed the literature and agreed standards of care. A retrospective audit was conducted to measure current practice against our new pathway; after programme implementation our performance was reaudited in two prospective cycles, with an education programme and review after the first prospective cycle.ResultsStatistically significant improvement in performance was realised in catheter and surgical drain removal, opiate analgesia use, mobilisation, and timeliness of swallow assessment. The rate of hospital acquired pneumonia reduced from 23.1 to 9.5 per cent and length of stay reduced by a median of 5.2 days to 14.8 days (non-significant).ConclusionThe programme improved consistency of patient care across most areas that were measured. Improving patient stoma training needs to be prioritised.
Lessons from behaviorism: The problem of construct-led science
Authors: Dickins Thomas E. , Rahman Qazi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractYarkoni makes a number of valid points in his critical analysis of psychology, but he misses an opportunity to expose the root of its problems. That root is the poor practice around the derivation of explanatory constructs. We make comment on this with an example from behaviorist history and relate this to the recent discussion of scientific understanding in the philosophy of science.
Is formalism the key to resolving the generalizability crisis? An experimental economics perspective
Authors: Maniadis Zacharias 
Published: February 2022

AbstractI draw lessons from experimental economics. I argue that the lack of mathematical formalism cannot be usefully thought as the cause of the underappreciation of contextual and generalizability considerations. Instead, this lack is problematic because it hinders a clear relationship between theory and quantitative predictions. I also advocate a pragmatic policy-focused approach as a partial remedy to the generalizability problem.
Exposing and overcoming the fixed-effect fallacy through crowd science
Authors: Cyrus-Lai Wilson , Tierney Warren , Schweinsberg Martin , Uhlmann Eric Luis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy organizing crowds of scientists to independently tackle the same research questions, we can collectively overcome the generalizability crisis. Strategies to draw inferences from a heterogeneous set of research approaches include aggregation, for instance, meta-analyzing the effect sizes obtained by different investigators, and parsing, attempting to identify theoretically meaningful moderators that explain the variability in results.
The “‘Crisis’ Crisis” in psychology
Authors: Medaglia John D. , Fernandez Kiante A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe recent trend to label dilemmas in psychology as “crises” is insidious. The “‘Crisis’ Crisis” in psychology can distract us from actionable practices. As a case in point, “The Generalizability Crisis” offers the valuable central thesis that verbal-quantitative gaps imperil psychological science. Focusing on the key issues rather than crisis narratives can lead to progress in our discourse and research.
The role of generalizability in moral and political psychology
Authors: Harris Elizabeth A. , Pärnamets Philip , Brady William J. , Robertson Claire E. , Van Bavel Jay J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aim of the social and behavioral sciences is to understand human behavior across a wide array of contexts. Our theories often make sweeping claims about human nature, assuming that our ancestors or offspring will be prone to the same biases and preferences. Yet we gloss over the fact that our research is often based in a single temporal context with a limited set of stimuli. Political and moral psychology are domains in which the context and stimuli are likely to matter a great deal (Van Bavel, Mende-Siedlecki, Brady, & Reinero, 2016). In response to Yarkoni (see BBS issue), we delve into topics related to political and moral psychology that likely depend on features of the research. These topics include understanding differences between liberals and conservatives, when people are willing to sacrifice someone to save others, the behavior of political leaders, and the dynamics of intergroup conflict.