bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platform regulation from the bottom up: Judicial redress in the United States and China
Authors: Dorwart Hunter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years both the United States and China have introduced data protection and cybersecurity frameworks to address the social, economic, and political challenges posed by the platform economy. While much of the discourse has focused on the implementation of these frameworks through top‐down, centrally administered institutions, little discussion has turned to the role of platform regulation from the bottom up—that is, the ability of individuals to affect corporate behavior through the courts as litigants. This paper attempts to address that gap by offering a comparative analysis of the role of data protection litigation in both the United States and China as one institutional mechanism through which governments may pursue their larger regulatory goals. Privacy and data protection laws in both countries grant individuals enforceable rights against other private and public actors. While litigants in the United States and China face barriers to affect corporate behavior, they do so for notable dissimilar reasons due to the unique and historical differences of the legal systems in both countries. Despite these differences, courts in both the United States and China will play an increasingly important role in platform regulation
Revealing the Influence of the Shape, Size, and Aspect Ratio of ZnO Nanoparticles on Antibacterial and Mechanical Performance of Cellulose Fibers Based Paper
Authors: Onyszko Magdalena , Zywicka Anna , Wenelska Karolina , Mijowska Ewa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe discovery and characterization of nanoparticles represent a multidisciplinary issue. Their properties and applications within many fields depend on their size, shape, aspect ratio, and so on. No single methodology can currently analyze all characteristics and reveal their influence on the specific performance. Here, antibacterial and mechanical properties are investigated of three different ZnO nanoparticles (cubes, rods, and pellets) incorporated in the cellulose matrix in order to examine the correlation between the physical and chemical characteristics and antibacterial/mechanical activities. Therefore, various particles of ZnO with different sizes, shapes, and aspect ratios are synthesized via simple precipitation method in an aqueous solution and evaluated as an antimicrobial agent against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative model bacteria alongside the commercial ZnO powder. The bactericidal activity is evaluated as prepared cellulose/ZnO nanocomposites in the form of paper sheets. Additionally, the tests of mechanical properties of the fabricated paper sheets are carried out according to ISO 5270 standard. Microscopic and spectroscopic methods are utilized to investigate the psychic‐chemical properties of the products. This study highlights that there is a strong impact of the shape, size, and aspect ratio of ZnO particles on the antibacterial efficacy and mechanical response of the fabricated cellulose‐based paper.
Leonurine inhibits the TXNIP/NLRP3 and NF‐κB pathways via Nrf2 activation to alleviate carrageenan‐induced pleurisy in mice
Authors: Yan Kun , Hu Jianqiang , Hou Tianhua , Ci Xinxin , Peng Liping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in pleurisy. Leonurine (Leo) has been confirmed to exert antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects in many preclinical experiments, but these effects have not been studied in pleurisy. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Leo in a carrageenan (CAR)‐induced pleurisy model. In this study, we found that the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease of glutathione (GSH) induced by CAR could be reversed by the treatment of Leo. Leo effectively reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and the percentages of mature macrophages and increased the levels of antiinflammatory cytokines (IL‐10). Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that Leo significantly activated the Nrf2 pathway to restrain the thioredoxin‐interacting protein/NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (TXNIP/NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) pathways. However, the protective effect of Leo was significantly weakened in Nrf2‐deficient mice. These results indicate that Leo confers potent protection against CAR‐induced pleurisy by inhibiting the TXNIP/NLRP3 and NF‐κB pathways dependent on Nrf2, which may serve as a promising agent for attenuating pleurisy.
Ensembled sparse‐input hierarchical networks for high‐dimensional datasets
Authors: Feng Jean , Simon Noah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn high‐dimensional datasets where the number of covariates far exceeds the number of observations, the most popular prediction methods make strong modeling assumptions. Unfortunately, these methods struggle to scale up in model complexity as the number of observations grows. To this end, we consider using neural networks because they span a wide range of model capacities, from sparse linear models to deep neural networks. Because neural networks are notoriously tedious to tune and train, our aim is to develop a convenient procedure that employs a minimal number of hyperparameters. Our method, Ensemble by Averaging Sparse‐Input hiERarchical networks (EASIER‐net), employs only two L1‐penalty parameters, one that controls the input sparsity and another for the number of hidden layers and nodes. EASIER‐net selects the true support with high probability when there is sufficient evidence; otherwise, it performs variable selection with uncertainty quantification, where strongly correlated covariates are selected at similar rates. On a large collection of gene expression datasets, EASIER‐net achieved higher classification accuracy and selected fewer genes than existing methods. We found that EASIER‐net adaptively selected the model complexity: it fit deep networks when there was sufficient information to learn nonlinearities and interactions and fit sparse logistic models for smaller datasets with less information.
Evaluation of N‐binding through N1, N2 or N3 of 4‐R‐1,2,3‐Triazolate to [CuCO]+ Complexes
Authors: Franco Maurício P. , Carvalho Beatriz B. , Ribeiro Marcos A. , Spada Rene F. K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe computationally investigated eight 4‐R‐1,2,3‐triazolates and their three possible N‐binding modes. Optimization of the pre‐ligands to verify NPA charges were done with M06‐2X/def2‐TZVPP. The complexes with [CuCO]+ were optimized with M06 L/def2‐TZVPP and the electronic energies were improved with DLPNO‐CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ. Our calculations with pre‐ligands indicated the NPA charge of N2 as less negative than N1 and N3 by at least ∼0.100 e. Taking into account the complexes energies and vibrations, coordination via N2 is the most stable among all three nitrogens in gas‐phase by at least, 8 kJ/mol and the vibrational analysis of the
indicates linkage isomer N2 as the best electron density donor among the three linkage isomers. The results exhibit a fine‐tuning of ligand donation properties that can be achieved by selecting different R groups in 4‐R‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
The Synergy of La2O3 Nanoparticles and Graphene for Advanced Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Li Yiding , Sun Kai , Cheng Pu , Li Jianjun , Liu Dequan , He Deyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a promising alternative for next‐generation energy storge devices, lithium‐sulfur batteries suffer from polysulfide shuttle and the inherent slow kinetics under long‐ term operating and high mass loading which mainly cause by the absence of available immobilizer and conversion mediators. Herein, La2O3 nanoparticles anchored on graphene composite is designed and demonstrates a high‐performance sulfur immobilizer and conversion promoter. Benefiting from the composite, the corresponding Li−S batteries display good cycling stability (capacity fading rate 0.051 % per cycle after 500 cycles), high initial specific capacity (1423.7 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), and excellent cycling performance at high sulfur loading (5.03 mg cm−2). The results of experiments and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations revealed that the La2O3 nanoparticles is a desirable separator modification material that can effectively tuning the absorption and conversion interactions with polysulfides through S−La and Li−O chemical bonds.
Negligible Substituent Effect as Key to Synthetic Versatility: a Computational‐Experimental Study of Vinyl Ethers Addition to Nitrile Oxides
Authors: Kutskaya Anastasia M. , Serkov Semyon A. , Voronin Vladimir V. , Ledovskaya Maria S. , Polynski Mikhail V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA tangible substituent effect may be perceived as a good feature in developing an organic reaction. This work demonstrates that, on the contrary, a zero‐slope Hammet plot should be sought. The synthesis of isoxazoles by consecutive cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to vinyl ethers and alcohols elimination was studied computationally and experimentally. We performed a Hammett studyin silicoto demonstrate a negligible substituent effect (i. e., broad substrate scope) in the addition of benzyl vinyl ether to nitrile oxides. The modeling was performed at the ωB97X‐V/def2‐TZVP//PBE0‐D4/def2‐TZVP+SMD(benzene) level of theory within the RIJCOSX approximation. The experimental evaluation validated the computational model. A versatile methodology for synthesizing substituted isoxazolines and isoxazoles was proposed as the main result. We present this work as a successful example of how quantum chemical modeling can re‐boost the classic Hammett approach to the optimization and design of organic synthetic methodologies. We anticipate further Hammett studiesin silico, considering the current trend for data‐driven chemical research.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Ag‐TiO2‐rGO Nanocomposites for Visible‐Light Photodegradation
Authors: Wo Zihao , Ma Hua , Shi Chaofan , Su Yier , Zhang Xiwen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we report a one‐pot hydrothermal method for fabricating Ag‐TiO2‐rGO nanocomposites using P25 (commercial TiO2), graphene oxide (GO), AgNO3 as raw materials, and vitamin C (VC) as the reducing agent. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐vis DRS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are utilized to characterize the phase composition, surface morphology, optical properties and chemical bonding states of the resulting nanocomposites. The nanocomposites display a porous structure, and chemical bonds such as C−O−Ti bonds are formed between TiO2 and rGO. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites is evaluated using methylene blue (MB), and the GO loading content is optimized to implement the highest adsorption and photodegradation performances. Three possible excitation modes of photogenerated carriers are proposed, and possible photocatalytic mechanism of the nanocomposites under visible light is presented.
Stabilizing Ultrasmall Ceria‐Cluster Nanozyme for Antibacterial and Antibiofouling Applications
Authors: Luo Qiang , Li Yunhong , Huo Xiaobing , Li Jinyang , Li Linqian , Wang Wei , Li Yilan , Chen Shipeng , Song Yinqiao , Wang Ning 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe generation of undesired biofouling in medical and engineering applications results in a reduction in function and durability. Copying functionalities of natural enzymes to combat biofouling by artificial nanomaterials is highly attractive but still challenged by the inferior catalytic activity and specificity principally because of low densities of active sites. Here, an innovate strategy is demonstrated to stabilize high‐density ultrasmall ceria clusters on zirconia for biofouling prevention. Benefiting from the unique structure, CeO2@ZrO2 nanozyme can significantly enhance the haloperoxidase‐mimicking activity in catalyzing the oxidation of bromide with H2O2 into biocidal hypobromous acid as a result of abundant defects and surface strong acidity sites, inducing impressive antibacterial and antibiofouling capacity compared with that of pristine CeO2. This work is expected to open a new avenue for the rational design of cluster catalysts for various targeting catalytic applications.
From data flows to privacy‐benefit trade‐offs: A user‐centric semantic model
Authors: Lu Yang , Li Shujun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn today's highly connected cyber‐physical world, people are constantly disclosing personal and sensitive data to different organizations and other people through the use of online and physical services. This is because sharing personal information can bring various benefits for themselves and others. However, data disclosure activities can lead to unexpected privacy issues, and there is a general lack of tools that help to improve users' awareness of the subtle privacy‐benefit trade‐offs and to make more informed decisions on their data disclosure activities in wider contexts. To fill this gap, this paper presents a novel user‐centric, data‐flow graph based semantic model, which can show how a given user's personal and sensitive data have been disclosed to different entities and what benefits the user gained through such data disclosures. The model allows automatic analysis of privacy‐benefit trade‐offs around a target user's data sharing activities, therefore it can support development of user‐centric software tools for people to better manage their data disclosure activities to achieve a better balance between privacy and benefits in the cyber‐physical world.
Effect of acid‐activation on CaO existential state and reactive properties of hot‐splashed steel slag in cement‐based materials
Authors: Zhou Yangmei , Ji Yongsheng , Zhang Zhongzhe , Ma Zhanguo , Gao Furong , Xue Qi , Xu Zhishan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe over‐burnt free‐CaO(f‐CaO) existential state in hot‐splashed steel slag is understood by observing the microstructure of steel slag section and analyzing the minerals in the steel slag (SS). In the investigation, a new method of using hydrochloric acid as the solvent to modify the steel slag powder (SSP) is put forward. The effects of hydrochloric acid pretreatment on the surface morphology of SS and the hydration activity and soundness of SSP blended cement are investigated. Furthermore, the failure mechanism of steel slag cement‐based materials and the hydration mechanism of acid‐activated steel slag (ASS) are discussed in detail. The research indicated that the optimum dosage of modified SSP is 20 wt%. At this dosage, the 7‐ and 28‐day compressive strength of paste is nearly increased 15% compared with the untreated steel slag cement‐based mortar specimens. Moreover, the acid activated SS‐blended cement pastes show much better soundness performances after autoclaved curing tests when compared with corresponding pastes with SS without treatment. It provides a promising approach for efficient and safe utilization of SS as supplementary cementitious material.
Pacific Lamprey Translocations to the Snake River Boost Abundance of All Life Stages
Authors: Hess Jon E. , Delomas Thomas A. , Jackson Aaron D. , Kosinski Michael J. , Moser Mary L. , Porter Laurie L. , Silver Greg , Sween Tod , Weitkamp Laurie A. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an anadromous fish that has severely declined in the Snake River basin. In 2007, the Nez Perce Tribe initiated translocation of adults to this region from the main‐stem Columbia River and has continued the translocations to this day. These actions are aimed at restoring larval abundance along with holistic habitat improvements. We performed parentage and sibship analyses with 260 single‐nucleotide polymorphism loci to monitor productivity of translocated lamprey over a decade (2007–2018). These results provide the first direct evidence that translocations boosted larval abundance, increased juvenile production in the interior Columbia River (~3% in 2017 and 2018), and demonstrated successful migration to the Pacific Ocean. Per capita juvenile production from Snake River adult lamprey translocations out‐performed that of their volitionally migrating counterparts in the interior Columbia River, demonstrating that translocating adults to suitable habitats increased overall productivity. We projected that the translocations may eventually return enough adult offspring to the Columbia River to replace the annual take of adults for translocations, despite many adults likely returning to other basins. These translocations are also restoring Pacific Lamprey to historical areas where they had been nearly extirpated, which has impactful benefits both culturally and ecologically. Further, this study provided an unprecedented volume of data that has redefined key biological attributes, including timing of life stage transformation (average of 6.7‐year‐old juveniles), larval growth rates (~22 mm/year for the first 4 years), ocean duration (average of 5.1 years), dispersal (~3% of Snake River‐origin adults that return to the Columbia River will divert to the Willamette River), and life span (median age of postspawn adults was 12.9 years). We even quantified a new biological phenomenon of delayed spawning, which occurs at low rates (~9%) in nature. These data provide an opportunity to monitor ongoing translocation efforts and inform adaptive management to aid species recovery.
2‐undecanone protects against fine particles‐induced heart inflammation via modulating Nrf2/HO‐1 and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Jiao Yuhang , Wang Shaopeng , Jiang Liping , Sun Xiance , Li Jing , Liu Xiaofang , Yao Xiaofeng , Zhang Cong , Wang Ningning , Deng Haoyuan , Yang Guang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExposure to air pollution has been closely associated with some cardiovascular disease. One of the mechanisms of PM2.5‐mediated heart injury may be to promote inflammation. We aim to investigate whether the main extract of Houttuynia cordata, 2‐undecanone, can prevent the inflammation caused by PM2.5, and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that PM2.5 increased the expression of certain inflammatory cytokines, and caused oxidative damage in BALB/c mice and H9C2 cells. Supplementation with 2‐undecanone attenuated this PM2.5‐induced inflammatory injury and oxidative damage. Further, we elucidated that the protective effect of 2‐undecanone may be associated with NF‐κB and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways. The NF‐κB pathway was distinctly activated after treated by PM2.5, which can be blocked by 2‐undecanone, accompanied by increasing Nrf2 and HO‐1 levels. To figure out the relationship between NF‐κB and Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways, we knocked down Nrf2 gene. NF‐κB pathway proteins and downstream inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased after treatment with PM2.5, while 2‐undecanone could decrease expression of these proteins. In conclusion, it is possible that 2‐undecanone can induce the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO‐1 by activating Nrf2, thereby reducing NF‐κB pathway and inflammatory damage of mouse myocardium caused by PM2.5 exposure.
Barriers to seeking care for memory problems: A vignette study
Authors: Jacobson Mireille , Joe Elizabeth , Zissimopoulos Julie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction: This study compares how older adults judge the need for follow‐up care for memory‐related problems when they are responding about themselves versus someone of the same age.Methods: Adults ages 65 and over in the Understanding America Study, a nationally representative internet panel, were invited to participate in a short survey with three vignettes describing memory‐related problems associated with normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and mild dementia. Respondents were randomly assigned to vignettes about themselves or about an individual of the same age and asked whether the problems warranted follow‐up discussion with a health‐care provider. Unadjusted and covariate‐adjusted differences in the percent of affirmative responses to follow‐up discussion and an index, ranging from 0 to 3, that summed affirmative responses, were compared across respondents randomly assigned to self‐ versus other‐framed vignettes.Results: One thousand six hundred twenty‐eight panel members (81.6%) completed the survey (mean age, 72.3 [range, 65–102], 801 female [49.2%] and 827 male [50.8%]) with 796 (48.9%) randomly assigned to vignettes about themselves and 832 (51.1%) to vignettes about individuals of the same age. Percent affirming need for follow‐up ranged from 66.9% to 90.5% and was systematically lower for those randomized to vignettes about themselves. The differences ranged from –10.8 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], –13.6 to –7.9 percentage points) for the most severe to –13.9 percentage points (95% CI, ‐18.1 to –9.7 percentage points) for the mildest memory‐related problem vignettes. The summary index was –0.444 points (95% CI, 0.563 to –0.326) or 0.491 of a standard deviation (95% CI, 0.622σ to ‐0.362σ) lower for scenarios about participants themselves relative to others.Discussion: Seniors were more likely to recognize and recommend follow‐up for memory‐related problems affecting someone else than the same problems affecting themselves, suggesting symptom education alone may not improve rates of cognitive assessment for detection of impairment and dementia.
VALZ‐Pilot: High‐dose valacyclovir treatment in patients with early‐stage Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Weidung Bodil , Hemmingsson Eva‐Stina , Olsson Jan , Sundström Torbjörn , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Ingelsson Martin , Elgh Fredrik , Lövheim Hugo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionHerpes simplex virus (HSV) may be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. The antiviral valacyclovir inhibits HSV replication.MethodsThis phase‐II pilot trial involved valacyclovir administration (thrice daily, 500 mg week 1, 1000 mg weeks 2–4) to persons aged ≥ 65 years with early‐stage AD, anti‐HSV immunoglobulin G, and apolipoprotein E ε4. Intervention safety, tolerability, feasibility, and effects on Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were evaluated.ResultsThirty‐two of 33 subjects completed the trial on full dosage. Eighteen percent experienced likely intervention‐related mild, temporary adverse events. CSF acyclovir concentrations were mean 5.29 ± 2.31 μmol/L. CSF total tau and neurofilament light concentrations were unchanged; MMSE score and CSF soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 concentrations increased (P = .02 and .03).DiscussionFour weeks of high‐dose valacyclovir treatment was safe, tolerable, and feasible in early‐stage AD. Our findings may guide future trial design.