bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving diversity in study participation: Patient perspectives on barriers, racial differences and the role of communities
Authors: Shea Lisa , Pesa Jacqueline , Geonnotti Gabrielle , Powell Valerie , Kahn Caryl , Peters Wesley 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe lack of racial/ethnic diversity in research potentially limits the generalizability of findings to a broader population, highlighting the need for greater diversity and inclusion in clinical research. Qualitative research (i.e., focus groups) was conducted to identify (i) the potential motivators and barriers to study participation across different races and ethnicities; (ii) preferred delivery of education and information to support healthcare decision‐making and the role of the community.MethodsPatient focus groups were conducted with 26 participants from the sponsor's Patient Engagement Research Councils selected through subjective sampling. Recruitment prioritized adequate representation across different race/ethnic groups. Participation was voluntary and participants underwent a confidential interview process before selection. Narrative analysis was used to identify themes and draw insights from interactions. Experienced research specialists identified emerging concepts, and these were tested against new observations. The frequency of each concept was examined to understand its importance.ResultsBased on self‐selected race/ethnicity, participants were divided into five focus groups (Groups: African American/Black: 2; Hispanic/Latino, Asian American, and white: 1 each) and were asked to share their experiences/opinions regarding the stated objectives. Barriers to study participation included: limited awareness of opportunities to participate in research, fears about changes in standard therapy, breaking cultural norms/stigma, religion‐related concerns and mistrust of clinical research. Participants identified the importance of transparency by pharmaceutical companies and other entities to build trust and partnership and cited key roles that communities can play. The perceptions of the African American group regarding diversity/inclusion in research studies appeared to be different from other groups; a lack of trust in healthcare providers, concerns about historical instances of research abuse and the importance of prayer were cited.ConclusionThis study provided insights into barriers to study participation, and also highlighted the need for pharmaceutical companies and other entities to authentically engage in strategies that build trust within communities to enhance recruitment among diverse populations.Patient or Public ContributionThe data collected in the present study was provided by the participants in the focus groups.
A large‐scale field experiment on occupational gender segregation and hiring discrimination
Authors: Adamovic Mladen , Leibbrandt Andreas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe analyze the relationship between occupational gender composition and gender discrimination in recruitment and investigate whether there is hiring discrimination against men in female‐dominated occupations. We do this with a large‐scale field experiment where we submitted more than 12,000 job applications for 12 occupations in Australia, varying the gender of the applicants. Men received around 50% more callbacks than women in male‐dominated occupations, while they received over 40% fewer callbacks in female‐dominated occupations.
Pectinolytic arsenal of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and other fungi with different lifestyles
Authors: da Silva Leandro Lopes , Morgan Túlio , Garcia Ediones Amaro , Rosa Rafael Oliveira , Mendes Tiago Antônio de Oliveira , de Queiroz Marisa Vieira 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo identify and analyse genes that encode pectinases in the genome of the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, evaluate the expression of these genes, and compare putative pectinases found in C. lindemuthianum with pectinases produced by other fungi and oomycetes with different lifestyles.Methods and ResultsGenes encoding pectinases in the genome of C. lindemuthianum were identified and analysed. The expression of these genes was analysed. Pectinases from C. lindemuthianum were compared with pectinases from other fungi that have different lifestyles, and the pectinase activity in some of these fungi was quantified. Fifty-eight genes encoding pectinases were identified in C. lindemuthianum. At least six types of enzymes involved in pectin degradation were identified, with pectate lyases and polygalacturonases being the most abundant. Twenty-seven genes encoding pectinases were differentially expressed at some point in C. lindemuthianum during their interactions with their host. For each type of pectinase, there were at least three isoenzyme groups. The number of pectinases present in fungi with different lifestyles seemed to be related more to the lifestyle than to the taxonomic relationship between them. Only phytopathogenic fungi showed pectate lyase activity.ConclusionsThe collective results demonstrate the pectinolytic arsenal of C. lindemuthianum, with many and diverse genes encoding pectinases more than that found in other phytopathogens, which suggests that at least part of these pectinases must be important for the pathogenicity of the fungus C. lindemuthianum.Significance and Impact of the StudyKnowledge of these pectinases could further the understanding of the importance of this broad pectinolytic arsenal in the common bean infection and could be exploited for biotechnological purposes.
Focusing on fundamentals of care in an ICU setting during a pandemic
Authors: Amaral Nely , Merkley Jane , Ronald Kara , Farquharson Carolyn , Ginty Leanne , Heng Diana , Jeffs Lianne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThis manuscript aims to describe one acute care hospital's ICU journey during the COVID‐19 pandemic and how fundamental care was central to the implementation of team‐based models of care.BackgroundOver the course of the COVID‐19 pandemic, team‐based and alternative models of care are being employed to manage and address global shortages and surge capacity. Employing these alternate models of care required attention to ensure fundamental care needs of patients were being met.Design/MethodThe following paper describes an ICU's journey of focusing on the delivery of the fundamentals of care through the implementation of team‐based models of care to address the surge in patient care demands experienced in response to our global pandemic.ConclusionsThe implementation of an evidence‐informed approach to optimizing models of care and staffing in the ICU amid the evolving COVID‐19 waves in one acute‐care hospital is provided. This local approach focused on meeting patients' fundamental care needs throughout the necessary introduction of team‐based care models and staffing changes and drew from evolving evidence, the ILC Fundamentals of Care Framework, and regulatory guidance.
Occult arterial bleeding associated with cardiac device implantation
Authors: Demirtas Abdullah O. , Sanhueza Eduardo , Singh Sheldon M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe appearance of hematomas or hemorrhages after the implantation of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIEDs) is a well‐known early complication, which can be associated with reinterventions, infections, readmissions, and longer hospital stays. Occasionally, these bleedings may correspond to arterial hemorrhages, which require early identification and specific treatment. We reviewed two clinical cases of inadvertent arterial bleeding after Pacemaker implantation that required a high clinical suspicion together with a multidisciplinary evaluation of cardiologists, radiologists and interventional medicine that allowed a fast and effective endovascular approach.
Genetic alterations, RNA expression profiling and DNA methylation of HMGB1 in malignancies
Authors: Yu Shoukai , Qian Lingmei , Ma Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in various human diseases. However, a systematic, comprehensive pan‐cancer analysis of HMGB1 in human cancers remains to be reported. This study analysed the genetic alteration, RNA expression profiling and DNA methylation of HMGB1 in more than 30 types of tumours. It is worth noting that HMGB1 is overexpressed in malignant tissues, including lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and thymoma (THYM). Interestingly, there is a positive correlation between the high expression of HMGB1 and the high survival prognosis of THYM. Finally, this study comprehensively evaluates the genetic variation of HMGB1 in human malignant tumours. As a prospective biomarker of COVID‐19, the role that HMGB1 plays in THYM is highlighted.
Acanthopagrus oconnorae, a new species of seabream (Sparidae) from the Red Sea
Authors: Pombo‐Ayora Lucía , Peinemann Viktor N. , Williams Collin T. , He Song , Lin Yu Jia , Iwatsuki Yukio , Bradley Donal D. C. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new species of sparid fish, Acanthopagrus oconnorae, is described based on 11 specimens collected in the shallow (0–1 m depth) mangrove‐adjacent sandflats of Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: second anal‐fin spine 12.8%–16.6% of standard length (SL); 3½ scale rows between the fifth dorsal‐fin spine and lateral line; suborbital width 5.7%–6.7% of SL; eyes positioned at the anterior edge of the head, often forming a weakly convex break in an otherwise gently curved head profile, when viewed laterally; caudal fin light yellow with black posterior margin (approximately half of fin); anal fin dusky grey, with posterior one‐fifth of the fin light yellow; black streaks on inter‐radial membranes of anal fin absent. The most similar species to A. oconnorae is Acanthopagrus vagus, which differs by the presence of a w‐shaped anterior edge of the scaled predorsal area, a more acute snout and black streaks on the inter‐radial membranes of the anal fin. Phylogenetic placement and species delimitation of A. oconnorae are discussed based on COI, CytB and 16S sequences. It is hypothesized that ecology and behaviour explain how this species avoided detection despite its likely occurrence in coastal areas of the Red Sea with historically high fishing pressure.
The potential role of fibroblast‐derived multi‐peptide factors in activation of growth factors and β‐Catenin in hair follicle cells
Authors: Shin Jung‐Min , Lee Young‐Yoon , Kim Kyung Min , Won Kyung Shin , Suh Sang Bum , Hong Dongkyun , Jung Kyung Eun , Kim Chang‐Deok , Seo Young‐Joon , Cho Sung Bin , Lee Young 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermal fibroblasts play a pivotal role in hair follicle regeneration during wound repair. Recently, dermal fibroblast‐conditioned medium (DFCM), which contains multi‐peptide factors (MPFs), has been used to promote wound repair.AimThis study aimed to investigate the stimulatory effects of MPF‐containing DFCM on hair growth.MethodsMPF‐containing DFCM was prepared using human neonatal dermal fibroblasts. Outer root sheath (ORS) and dermal papilla (DP) cells were cultured in MPF‐containing DFCM. We examined the expression and secretion of growth factors and cytokines using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a growth factor array. In addition, the effect of MPFs on β‐catenin activity was determined using the TOPflash assay. All experiments were repeated at least three times with separate batches of cells.ResultsMPF‐containing DFCM increased keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) mRNA expression in ORS cells and KGF and VEGF mRNA expression in DP cells. When ORS cells were treated with MPF‐containing DFCM, the secretion of several growth factors, including EGF, VEGF, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein (IGFBP)‐4, IGFBP‐6, and fibroblast growth factor‐7, was increased in the cell‐cultured medium compared with that in control. Additionally, MPF‐containing DFCM increased the transcriptional activation of β‐catenin in DP cells.ConclusionsThese results suggest that MPF‐containing DFCM might stimulate hair growth by inducing growth factors in ORS and DP cells and regulating β‐catenin in DP cells.
Theologian, Teacher, and Friend: Tributes to James M. Gustafson
Authors: Childress James F. , Cahill Lisa Sowle , Ottati Douglas F. , Schweiker William , Boer Theo A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractJames M. Gustafson, who died in 2021, has influenced generations of theologians and ethicists. In this article, five students, colleagues, and friends provide short reflections on what Gustafson has meant for their work as scholars of theology and religious ethics.
Sensory quality control: Assessment of food company employees' knowledge, attitudes, and practices
Authors: Onojakpor Ogheneyoma , Tuorila Hely , De Kock Henrietta L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study was carried out to validate a questionnaire for assessing sensory quality control (SQC) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). The questionnaire, containing 24 knowledge, 13 attitudes, and nine practices items, was submitted to company representatives in South Africa and Nigeria. Confirmatory factor analysis and group comparisons among respondents and companies were carried out to validate the questionnaire. The final SQC‐KAP questionnaire consists of 24 knowledge (one scale), 11 attitudes (A bifactor scale, with a general scale and two subscales representing individual attitudes to SQC and those towards company SQC) and nine practices (one scale) items. The knowledge items had acceptable indices for difficulty and discrimination, and the attitudes and practices items had acceptable item‐total correlations. The final questionnaire can be used for the rapid assessment of SQC related knowledge and attitudes of food company employees and assessment of company practices.Practical ApplicationsThis study is the first to validate a questionnaire for assessing SQC related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the food industry. The SQC‐KAP questionnaire can be used to rapidly assess SQC knowledge and attitudes of food company employees for sensory services, and to identify SQC training needs. Stakeholders can also use it to assess the sensory quality practices of food companies to gauge their compliance to good practice and identify potential areas of improvement of their SQC programs.
Development and feasibility testing of an evidence‐based occupational therapy program for adults with both Down syndrome and dementia
Authors: Raj Sujatha E. , Mackintosh Shylie , Kernot Jocelyn , Fryer Caroline , Stanley Mandy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a home‐based occupational therapy intervention program for people with Down syndrome who experience early on‐set dementia causing a decline in their performance skills and increasing care dependency on their informal caregivers. A six‐step methodological process adapted from the Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions was formulated to develop an evidence‐based occupational therapy program for people with both Down syndrome and dementia and their informal caregivers. The first two steps gathered evidence through systematic reviews of the literature and determined the scope of current occupational therapy practice. The gathered evidence was synthesised in step three to develop a client‐centred occupational therapy intervention program for persons with both Down syndrome and dementia and their informal caregivers. In steps four and five, opinions were sought from occupational therapists working in this area of practice on the content of the developed program and its feasibility within the Australian disability services context. The final testing step can be conducted in the future using a single‐case experimental design study. It is important to use rigorous frameworks and gather comprehensive evidence using multiple methods to develop interventions for small heterogeneous populations. The developed occupational therapy program for persons with both Down syndrome and dementia and their informal caregivers appears feasible to be implemented within the Australian disability services; however, funding limitations imposes barriers for its implementation in clinical practice.
Cellular expression of epigenetic markers and oxidative stress in periodontitis lesions of smokers and non‐smokers
Authors: Dionigi Carlotta , Larsson Lena , Difloe‐Geisert Julia C. , Zitzmann Nicola U. , Berglundh Tord 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate differences in the cellular expression of epigenetic markers and oxidative stress in periodontitis lesions between current smokers and non‐smokers.BackgroundTobacco smoking is recognized as one of the major risk factors for periodontitis. However, the mechanisms by which smoking affects the progression of the disease remain to be determined.MethodsTwenty‐five current smokers and 21 non‐smokers with generalized severe periodontitis were included. From each patient, one soft tissue biopsy from a periodontitis site was harvested and prepared for histological analysis. The infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) was selected as the region of interest to assess the cellular expression of epigenetic markers and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) by immunohistochemistry.ResultsAlthough the ICT of smokers and non‐smokers did not differ in size or in the expression of markers for DNA damage or oxidative stress, current smokers presented with significantly lower area proportions and densities of cells positive for the epigenetic markers DNMT1 and AcH3. In addition, periodontitis lesions in current smokers presented with a diminished antimicrobial activity, as indicated by significantly lower densities and area proportions of NOX2‐ and iNOS‐positive cells.ConclusionsComponents of the host response and epigenetic mechanisms in periodontitis lesions in smokers are downregulated as opposed to lesions of non‐smokers.
Genome‐wide methylation in the panmictic European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Authors: Liu Shenglin , Tengstedt Aja Noersgaard Buur , Jacobsen Magnus W. , Pujolar Jose Martin , Jónsson Bjarni , Lobón‐Cervià Javier , Bernatchez Louis , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of methylation in adaptive, developmental and speciation processes has attracted considerable interest, but interpretation of results is complicated by diffuse boundaries between genetic and non‐genetic variation. We studied whole genome genetic and methylation variation in the European eel, distributed from subarctic to subtropical environments, but with panmixia precluding genetically based local adaptation beyond single‐generation responses. Overall methylation was 70.9%, with hypomethylation predominantly found in promoters and first exons. Redundancy analyses involving juvenile glass eels showed 0.06% and 0.03% of the variance at SNPs to be explained by localities and environmental variables, respectively, with GO terms of genes associated with outliers primarily involving neural system functioning. For CpGs 2.98% and 1.36% of variance was explained by localities and environmental variables. Differentially methylated regions particularly included genes involved in developmental processes, with Hox clusters featuring prominently. Life stage (adult versus glass eels) was the most important source of inter‐individual variation in methylation, probably reflecting both ageing and developmental processes. Demethylation of transposable elements relative to pure European eel was observed in European X American eel hybrids, possibly representing postzygotic barriers in this system characterized by prolonged speciation and ongoing gene flow. Whereas the genetic data are consistent with a role of single‐generation selective responses, the methylation results underpin the importance of epigenetics in the life cycle of eels and suggest interactions between local environments, development and phenotypic variation mediated by methylation variation. Eels are remarkable by having retained eight Hox clusters, and the results suggest important roles of methylation at Hox genes for adaptive processes.
Abscisic acid‐controlled redox proteome of Arabidopsis and its regulation by heterotrimeric Gβ protein
Authors: Smythers Amanda L. , Bhatnagar Nikita , Ha Chien , Majumdar Parinita , McConnell Evan W. , Mohanasundaram Boominathan , Hicks Leslie M. , Pandey Sona 
Published: June 2022

Summary

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays crucial roles in regulation of stress responses and growth modulation. Heterotrimeric G‐proteins are key mediators of ABA responses. Both ABA and G‐proteins have also been implicated in intracellular redox regulation; however, the extent to which reversible protein oxidation manipulates ABA and/or G‐protein signaling remains uncharacterized.

To probe the role of reversible protein oxidation in plant stress response and its dependence on G‐proteins, we determined the ABA‐dependent reversible redoxome of wild‐type and Gβ‐protein null mutant agb1 of Arabidopsis.

We quantified 6891 uniquely oxidized cysteine‐containing peptides, 923 of which show significant changes in oxidation following ABA treatment. The majority of these changes required the presence of G‐proteins. Divergent pathways including primary metabolism, reactive oxygen species response, translation and photosynthesis exhibited both ABA‐ and G‐protein‐dependent redox changes, many of which occurred on proteins not previously linked to them.

We report the most comprehensive ABA‐dependent plant redoxome and uncover a complex network of reversible oxidations that allow ABA and G‐proteins to rapidly adjust cellular signaling to adapt to changing environments. Physiological validation of a subset of these observations suggests that functional G‐proteins are required to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis and fully execute plant stress responses.
A cross‐sectional study of pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa and the value of the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Score System (IHS4) as a pediatric clinical trial inclusion criteria
Authors: Bui Helen , Sayed Christopher 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) often develops in pediatrics, but few interventional studies include pediatric patients.ObjectivesThis dual analysis of a pediatric HS cohort and typical eligibility criteria in adult trials aims to identify potential patient characteristics and inclusion criteria for future pediatric HS studies.MethodsThis cross‐sectional and descriptive study is based on a prospectively collected data registry from an HS clinic. We also queried 125 HS studies from the Clinicaltrials.gov database and information from 61 interventional systemic HS drug trials was analyzed.ResultsThe mean abscess and inflammatory nodule (AN) count in 81 pediatric subjects was 2.3 compared to 5.0 in adults with majority being Hurley stage I (39.5%, 32/81) or II (55.6%, 45/81). Most clinical trials required patients to be Hurley stage II/III with AN count of ≥3.ConclusionWhen developing clinical trials for pediatric HS, it is imperative to consider how baseline characteristics impact recruitment and disease assessment. Frequently used eligibility criteria in adult trials may severely limit pediatric recruitment. Although our registry had a large adult sample size, the main limitation of this study was the relatively smaller pediatric sample size.