bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Physiologic Reserve Independently Relate to Superior Neurocognitive Abilities in Adults Aging With HIV
Authors: Saloner Rowan , Lobo Judith D. , Paolillo Emily W. , Campbell Laura M. , Letendre Scott L. , Cherner Mariana , Grant Igor , Heaton Robert K. , Ellis Ronald J. , Moore David J. ,   for the CHARTER Study Group
Published: April 2022

Background:
To investigate joint contributions of cognitive and physiologic reserve to neurocognitive SuperAging in older persons with HIV (PWH).

Methods:
Participants included 396 older PWH (age range: 50–69 years) who completed cross-sectional neuropsychological and neuromedical evaluations. Using published criteria, participants exhibiting global neurocognition within normative expectations of healthy 25-year-olds were classified as SuperAgers (SA; n = 57). Cognitively normal (CN; n = 172) and impaired (n = 167) participants were classified with chronological age-based norms. Cognitive reserve was operationalized with an estimate of premorbid verbal intelligence, and physiologic reserve was operationalized with a cumulative index of 39 general and HIV-specific health variables. Analysis of variance with confirmatory multinomial logistic regression examined linear and quadratic effects of cognitive and physiologic reserve on SA status, adjusting for chronological age, depression, and race/ethnicity.

Results:
Univariably, SA exhibited significantly higher cognitive and physiologic reserve compared with CN and cognitively impaired (ds ≥ 0.38, ps < 0.05). Both reserve factors independently predicted SA status in multinomial logistic regression; higher physiologic reserve predicted linear increases in odds of SA, and higher cognitive reserve predicted a quadratic “J-shaped” change in odds of SA compared with CN (ie, odds of SA > CN only above 35th percentile of cognitive reserve).

Conclusions:
Each reserve factor uniquely related to SA status, which supports the construct validity of our SA criteria and suggests cognitive and physiologic reserve reflect nonoverlapping pathways of neuroprotection in HIV. Incorporation of proxy markers of reserve in clinical practice may improve characterization of age-related cognitive risk and resilience among older PWH, even among PWH without overt neurocognitive impairment.
Efficacy of a multiple-component and multifactorial personalized fall prevention program in a mixed population of community-dwelling older adults with stroke, Parkinson’s disease, or frailty compared to usual care: The PRE.C.I.S.A. Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: La Porta Fabio , Lullini Giada , Caselli Serena , Valzania Franco , Mussi Chiara , Tedeschi Claudio , Pioli Giulio , Bondavalli Massimo , Bertolotti Marco , Banchelli Federico , D’Amico Roberto , Vicini Roberto , Puglisi Silvia , Clerici Pierina Viviana , Chiari Lorenzo ,   the PRECISA Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFall risk in the elderly is a major public health issue due to the injury-related consequences and the risk of associated long-term disability. However, the delivery of preventive interventions in usual clinical practice still represents a challenge.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of a multiple-component combined with a multifactorial personalized intervention in reducing fall rates in a mixed population of community-dwelling elderly, compared to usual care.DesignRandomized Controlled Trial (NCT03592420,clinicaltrials.gov). Setting: Outpatients in two Italian centers.Population403 community-dwelling elderly at moderate-to-high fall risk, including subjects with Parkinson’s Disease and stroke.MethodsAfter the randomization, the described interventions were administered to the intervention group (n=203). The control group (n=200) received usual care and recommendations to minimize fall risk factors. Each participant received a fall diary and was followed by 12 monthly phone calls. The primary endpoint was the number of falls in each group over 12 months. The secondary endpoints were other fall-related indicators recorded at 12 months. Participants’ functioning was assessed at baseline (T1) and 3-month (T3).Results690 falls were reported at 12 months, 48.8% in the intervention and 51.2% in the control group, with 1.66 (± 3.5) and 1.77 (± 3.2) mean falls per subject, respectively. Subjects with ≥ 1 fall were 236 (58.6%) and with ≥2 falls 148 (36.7%). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding the number of falls, the falling probability, and the time to the first fall. According to the subgroup analysis, no significant differences were reported. A statistically significant difference was found for the Mini-BESTest (p=0.004) and the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (p=0.006) for the intervention group, with a small effect size (Cohen’s d 0.26 and 0.32, respectively), at T1 and T3 evaluations.ConclusionsThe intervention was ineffective in reducing the number of falls, the falling probability, and the time to the first fall at 12 months in a mixed population of community-dwelling elderly. A significant improvement for two balance indicators was recorded in the intervention group. Future studies are needed to explore different effects of the proposed interventions to reduce falls and consequences.
Neighbouring modifications interfere with the detection of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein at Serine 129: Revisiting the specificity of pS129 antibodies
Authors: Lashuel Hilal A. , Mahul-Mellier Anne-Laure , Novello Salvatore , Hegde Ramanath Narayana , Jasiqi Yllza , Altay Melek Firat , Donzelli Sonia , DeGuire Sean M. , Burai Ritwik , Magalhães Pedro , Chiki Anass , Ricci Jonathan , Boussouf Manel , Sadek Ahmed , Stoops Erik , Iseli Christian , Guex Nicolas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlpha-synuclein (aSyn) within Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites, and other pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease and synucleinopathies have consistently been shown to accumulate in aggregated and phosphorylated forms of the protein, predominantly at Serine 129 (S129). Antibodies against phosphorylated S129 (pS129) have emerged as the primary tools to investigate, monitor, and quantify aSyn pathology in the brain and peripheral tissues. However, most of the antibodies and immunoassays aimed at detecting pS129-aSyn were developed based on the assumption that neighbouring post-translational modifications (PTMs) either do not co-occur with pS129 or do not influence its detection. Herein, we demonstrate that the co-occurrence of multiple pathology-associated C-terminal PTMs (e.g., phosphorylation at Tyrosine 125 or truncation at residue 133 or 135) differentially influences the detection of pS129-aSyn species by pS129-aSyn antibodies. These observations prompted us to systematically reassess the specificity of the most commonly used pS129 antibodies against monomeric and aggregated forms of pS129-aSyn in mouse brain slices, primary neurons, mammalian cells and seeding models of aSyn pathology formation. We identified two antibodies that are insensitive to pS129 neighbouring PTMs. However, consistent with previous reports, most pS129 antibodies showed cross-reactivity towards other proteins and often detected low and high molecular weight bands in aSyn knock-out samples that could be easily mistaken for monomeric or High Molecular Weight aggregates of aSyn. Our observations suggest that the pS129 antibodies do not capture the biochemical and morphological diversity of aSyn pathology. They also underscore the need for more specific pS129 antibodies, more thorough characterization and validation of existing antibodies, and the use of the appropriate protein standards and controls in future studies.
A neuromodulatory model for determining the effect of emotion-respiration-cognition coupling on the time-to-respond
Authors: Yonekura Shogo , Cueto Julius , Kanazawa Hoshinori , Atsumi Noritoshi , Hirabayashi Satoko , Iwamoto Masami , Kuniyoshi Yasuo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRespiration and emotional stimuli modulate cognitive ability and the reaction time to generate bodily movement. To understand mechanisms for emotion-respiration-cognition coupling, first, we considered a schematic feed-forward neural network, in which neurons was biased by respiratory-relevant sensory input and the activation function of a neuron was modulated by a neuromodulator, such as norepinephrine (NE). Furthermore, we assumed that the neural model received a stimulus input and generated a response action upon the activity of the output neuron exceeding a certain threshold. Time-to-respond (TTR) was equivalently modulated by the intensity of the input bias and the neuromodulator strength for small action execution threshold; however, it was dominantly modulated by only the neuromodulator for high threshold. Second, we implemented a comprehensive model comprising a cardio-respiration relevant neuromechanical-gas system, a respiratory central pattern generator (CPG), NE dynamics to modulate neurocognitive dynamics, and a locus coeruleus (LC) circuit, which was the primary nucleus for controlling NE. The LC neurons received pCO2 or synaptic current from an inspiratory neurons, which resulted in shortened TTR by a stimulus input during inhalation. By contrast, upon receiving pulmonary stretch information, the TTR was shortened by a stimulus input during exhalation. In humans, TTR is shortened when a fear-related stimulus is presented during inhalation, and likewise, TTR is weakly-shortened when surprise-related stimulus is presented during exhalation. Hence, we conclude that emotional stimuli in humans may switch the gating strategies of information and the inflow to LC to change the attention or behavior strategy.
A metabolic labeling-based chemoproteomic platform unravels the physiological roles of choline metabolites
Authors: Dixit Aditi , Jose Gregor P. , Shanbhag Chitra , Tagad Nitin , Kalia Jeet 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTCholine is an essential nutrient for mammalian cells. Our understanding of the cellular functions of choline and its metabolites, independent of their roles as choline lipid metabolism intermediates, remains limited. In addition to fundamental cellular physiology, this knowledge has implications for cancer biology because elevated choline metabolite levels are a hallmark of cancer. Here, we establish the mammalian choline metabolite-interacting proteome by utilizing a photocrosslinkable choline probe. To design this probe, we performed metabolic labeling experiments with structurally diverse choline analogs that resulted in the serendipitous discovery of a choline lipid headgroup remodeling mechanism involving sequential dealkylation and methylation steps. We demonstrate that phosphocholine inhibits the binding of one of the proteins identified, the attractive anticancer target, p32, to its endogenous ligands and to the promising p32-targeting anticancer agent, Lyp-1. Our results reveal that choline metabolites play vital roles in cellular physiology by serving as modulators of protein function.
PIEZO1-dependent erythrocyte dehydration as the mechanism for selection of an allele protecting from severe malaria
Authors: Glushakova Svetlana , Bezrukov Ludmila , Waters Hang , Kegawa Yuto , Blank Paul S. , Zimmerberg Joshua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPIEZO1 is a cation specific mechanoreceptor channel implicated in red blood cell (RBC) volume homeostasis. Several PIEZO1 gain of function (GoF) variants demonstrate delayed channel inactivation and can cause hereditary xerocytosis (HX), a disease characterized by hemolytic anemia, RBC dehydration, and shape distortion. The milder PIEZO1E756del GoF variant, prevalent in populations of African descent, protects carriers from severe malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and ameliorate disease in a rodent malaria model. To explore the mechanism of this malaria protection, P. falciparum infection of human PIEZO1E756del RBC was analyzed in shear-stressed and static cultures with and without Yoda1, a PIEZO1 agonist. RBC dehydration was a common pathophysiological factor affecting parasite replication in both culture conditions. PIEZO1 channel opening by either Yoda1 or shear stress produced dehydration-dependent cell hemolysis, inhibiting P. falciparum infection. Since the physiological activator of PIEZO1 in circulating RBC is shear stress, we propose that shear stress-induced dehydration, disproportionally affecting RBC of GoF PIEZO1 E756del carriers, makes erythrocytes less habitable for P. falciparum to the point of hemolysis, and thus ameliorates malaria in GoF PIEZO1E756del carriers. More generally, RBC dehydration processes may be a pathway for protection from the severe form of malaria common to several hematological disorders, including sickle cell trait.Key pointsPIEZO1E756del activation in African American donor RBC provokes dehydration-dependent cell hemolysis, impairing P. falciparum replication.RBC dehydration could be a malaria ameliorating factor in several known RBC hematological disorders, including sickle cell trait.
Impact of the radius of double pancake windings on the electromagnetic behavior of high temperature superconducting transformer
Authors: Attar Hamed , Moradnouri Ahmad , Mirghaforian Reza , Hekmati Arsalan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
It has constantly been important to investigate the distribution of magnetic fields in high temperature superconducting (HTS) transformers because the high magnetic field applied to the HTS tapes reduces the critical current and increases the ac losses. The purpose of this study is investigation of the impact of the radius of double pancake windings on the electromagnetic behavior of HTS transformer. In this paper, by changing the radius of the windings in a step-by-step manner in two modes, the electromagnetic behaviors in double pancakes (DPs) of a single-phase HTS transformer have been investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper a 15.4 kVA single-phase HTS transformer has been designed and simulated using the finite element method, using COMSOL multiphysics software. The effect of changing the radius of the low-voltage (LV) and high-voltage (HV) windings on the electromagnetic parameters such as distribution of circulating currents and magnetic field in the LV DP windings has been investigated.

Findings
According to the results, by increasing the radius of the LV winding, the electromagnetic behavior of the highest and lowest DPs becomes highly undesirable, while in other DPs, it becomes desirable. The same thing happens by increasing the radius of the LV and HV windings, but with much less intensity. Therefore, according to Ce, the most optimal case is when the two windings (HV and LV) are close to each other and to the core, and if the radius needs to be increased, it is better to increase the radius of both windings.

Originality/value
For the first time, the impact of the radius of DP windings on the electromagnetic behavior of HTS transformer has been investigated.
Entrepreneurship education effectiveness: does personality matter?
Authors: Tsaknis Panagiotis A. , Sahinidis Alexandros G. , Vassiliou Evangelos E. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the personality traits that are responsible for changes in entrepreneurial intention levels following an entrepreneurship education course.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a questionnaire-based survey employing a pretest-posttest group design. The first questionnaire was completed at the beginning of a university-level entrepreneurship course and a repeat one at the end of a semesterly course. A total of 315 university students from a Business School faculty of Business Administration participated voluntarily in the survey and completed both questionnaires.

Findings
Our findings indicate that specific personality traits (namely, Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Risk Aversion) can cause statistically significant changes in entrepreneurial intention levels upon the completion of the entrepreneurship course.

Research limitations/implications
It would be interesting to examine more characteristics of the sample such as gender, age, prior working experience, and parent’s employment type, among other variables. The results of this study should also be compared across ethnic groups, before drawing more generalizable conclusions. Additionally, with regard to personality, we tried to explain only changes in entrepreneurial intention, whereas many studies proposed an approach combining variables, such as the triad of elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Perceived behavioral control, Social Norms and Personal attitude toward entrepreneurship).

Practical implications
The findings of this study can be useful to public and private organizations, employees, policy makers, teachers, students, and governments in designing tailor-made entrepreneurship programs and to identify the individuals, who could benefit from entrepreneurship education.

Originality/value
The studies examining the role personality traits play in entrepreneurship education effectiveness, regarding entrepreneurial intention, are scant. This research is making an attempt to add to the knowledge gap existing to date on this issue.
Exaptive innovation in constraint-based environments: lessons from COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Sedita Silvia Rita , Blasi Silvia , Ganzaroli Andrea 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper explores how exaptive innovation process might be considered a useful innovation model in constraint-based environments. Through an in-depth case study, it illustrates clearly the antecedents of exaptation processes, which are particularly relevant in rapidly changing environments requiring new solutions under time and resource constraints.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a single case study approach that is particularly suitable in case of an inductive research design, which is required because of the novelty of the topic. The research is inspired by the use of the snorkeling mask EASYBREATH, commercialized by the giant Decathlon, as a medical device, a respirator to treat patients affected by coronavirus in Italy. The authors organized the evidence according to a novel taxonomy grounded in the literature.FindingsThe case study stimulates reflections on the existence of some antecedents to the exaptive innovation process in constraint-based environments: (1) the availability of specific actors in the innovation process; (2) the creation of platforms of interaction between people with different competences, nurtured by collective bottom-up financing systems; (3) the role of the community of makers, in particular, and of the 4th industrial revolution, in general, for creating enabling technologies; (4) multidisciplinary individual background of key actors in the innovation process is crucial to ensure the exaptive path to be in place.Research limitations/implicationsThis work has some limitations, due to the choice of limiting the analysis to a single case, nevertheless, it offers a first glance on a new technological trajectory available in constraint-based environments.Originality/valueThe case study results underline the importance of new digital collaboration platforms as knowledge multipliers, and illuminate on the potential of the fourth manufacturing revolution, which, through new technologies, creates opportunities for distributed forms of innovation that cross long distances.
How visual attention to social media cues impacts visit intention and liking expectation for restaurants
Authors: Simonetti Aline , Bigne Enrique 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how social media (TripAdvisor) content influences restaurant visit intentions and liking expectations, how online review valence affect the viewing behavior of the social media page and which social media elements capture the initial attention of the consumer.

Findings
The pictures posted by firms and opinions posted by users attracted consumers’ attention. However, in the negative valence condition, participants needed to expand upon the content by reading additional (and more detailed) online reviews with specific cues, revisited the content more often and more closely fixated on specific online ratings. Moreover, the picture of the restaurant was the first area seen (reflecting a bottom-up process) and the third-party ad tended to be viewed last (reflecting selective attention).

Research limitations/implications
All social media elements are seen but only some affect decisions, with negatively (vs positively) valenced reviews requiring consideration of an extra element. Of relevance to managers, this study stresses the importance of the pictorial element and the influence of user-generated content on the attention and judgment of consumers.

Originality/value
This study suggests that, to form an opinion, viewers devote more cognitive effort and attention when evaluating restaurants with negatively (vs positively) valenced reviews. However, viewing patterns appear unaffected by review valence. It also demonstrates how consumers pay attention to different social media elements.
Motivations for engaging in PPP power projects in Ghana: comparison of the public and private sectors
Authors: Kukah Augustine Senanu Komla , Badu Edward , Owusu-Manu De-Graft , Edwards David John 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
In the past few years, the public–private partnership (PPP) model has become increasingly popular in the infrastructure projects of developing countries, especially in the power sector. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the motivations for engaging in PPP power projects in Ghana by comparing the public and private sectors.

Design/methodology/approach
Questionnaires were used to elicit responses from respondents using a two-round Delphi survey. Mean score ranking was used to rank the motivation factors, while reliability analysis was conducted using Cronbach alpha coefficient, and level of agreement was tested using Kendall’s concordance. One-sample t-test assessed the relative significance of these motivation factors.

Findings
For the public sector, the topmost motivations were achieving improved value for money; access to additional capital; increased certainty of projects; greater efficiency of project delivery services; and improved ability to deliver new infrastructure. For the private sector, the topmost motivations were obtaining of investment support; improvement in private sector’s international image; synergy with public sector; sharing of risks; and gaining of profits.

Practical implications
The findings of this study will lead to increased knowledge on the motivation factors for the public and private sectors engaging in PPP power projects in Ghana.

Originality/value
The output of this research contributes to the checklist of motivation factors for engaging in PPP power projects and contributes to the development of PPP practice.