bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Diets and Cancer: a Systematic Review
Authors: Karavasiloglou Nena , Pannen Sarah T. , Jochem Carmen , Kuhn Tilman , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review aimed to investigate the association of sustainable diets in relation to cancer risk, cancer recurrence, and cancer-specific mortality in adults.

Recent Findings

More than 500 articles were initially identified. Nine articles were eligible for inclusion, presenting data from 8 prospective cohort studies, conducted in Europe and the USA. The sustainability indicators investigated were greenhouse gas emissions, food biodiversity, land use, exposure to pesticides or organic food consumption, and the EAT-Lancet diet. One study reported a sustainability index that combined multiple sustainability indicators. A modest inverse association between higher adherence to sustainable diets and cancer incidence or cancer mortality was observed in most studies.

Summary

While sustainable diets may decrease cancer risk or mortality, the reviewed studies were heterogeneous regarding sustainability indicators and cancer outcomes. A common definition of dietary sustainability would facilitate better generalization of future research findings. Also, studies among non-western populations are needed.
A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Non-surgical Weight Management for Adults with Severe Obesity: What is Cost Effective and What are the Implications for the Design of Health Services?
Authors: Jacobsen Elisabet , Boyers Dwayne , Manson Paul , Avenell Alison 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewSevere obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) increases premature mortality and reduces quality-of-life. Obesity-related disease (ORD) places substantial burden on health systems. This review summarises the cost-effectiveness evidence for non-surgical weight management programmes (WMPs) for adults with severe obesity.Recent FindingsWhilst evidence shows bariatric surgery is often cost-effective, there is no clear consensus on the cost-effectiveness of non-surgical WMPs.SummaryThirty-two studies were included. Most were short-term evaluations that did not capture the long-term costs and consequences of ORD. Decision models often included only a subset of relevant ORDs, and made varying assumptions about the rate of weight regain over time. A lack of sensitivity analyses limited interpretation of results. Heterogeneity in the definition of WMPs and usual care prevents formal evidence synthesis. We were unable to establish the most cost-effective WMPs. Addressing these limitations may help future studies provide more robust cost-effectiveness evidence for decision makers.
Effect of temperature variations in anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor: membrane fouling and microbial community dynamics assessment
Authors: Theuri S. , Gurung K. , Puhakka V. , Anjan D. , Sillanpaa M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA single-stage anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (AnFMBR) was applied to investigate the effects of temperature changes on membrane fouling while treating real municipal wastewater. The AnFMBR was operated at four temperature phases: 25 °C for 42 days, 20 °C for 20 days, 15 °C for 15 days, and at 10 °C for 15 days. The systems achieved a total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency of above 90% at all phases. As temperature decreased, accumulation of solids and possible incomplete hydrolysis led to an increase in TCOD and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the reactor. However, as temperature reduced to 10 °C, VFAs in the reactor reduced probably an indication of reactors adaptation. Total membrane filtration resistance gradually increased to 1.1 × 1011 m−1 from 2.1 × 1009 m−1 with a temperature decrease from 25 °C to 10 °C. This corresponded to a significant decrease in membrane permeability from 1.68 to 0.05 LMH/kpa. The protein fraction of the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was dominant in all phases, which was ascribed for significant membrane fouling causing permeability deterioration. Microbial richness and diversity analysis using next generation Ion torrent sequencing methods revealed that Proteobacteria phylum was most dominant at 25 °C, whereas Bacteroidetes, which are responsible for releasing proteinaceous EPS, were most dominant at low temperatures (15 °C and 10 °C), contributing to severe fouling. In conclusion, decrease in temperature did not affect the treatment efficiency but resulted in gradual increase in membrane fouling.
Playbook of Subnational Illiberalism: Autocrats Face the Opposition-led Local Governments
Authors: Begadze Mariam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecognizing the growing tensions between autocrats in the center and opposition-led local governments in Hungary, Poland and Turkey since 2018–2019 local elections, the article contributes to existing literature on illiberal democracies with a subnational portion of illiberal playbook. Tactics identified through the detailed study of the European context and brief review of Latin American experience leaves us with the following categories in the playbook: abuse of (existing) supervisory and accountability mechanisms; generating of financial vulnerability; centralization (outright and indirect) and deconcentration. Each of these categories assemble various means evolving through application and reinterpretation of traditional rules pertaining to local government, as well as crisis-induced innovations. While the Polish account carries the optimism still that antecedent robust guarantees and popular support matter even when illiberals rule the center, the playbook proved successful in Hungary and Turkey. Although certain incrementalism stayed as the most vulnerable actors were the first victims of soon-to-be normalized measures, crisis in Hungary and Poland did stretch the limits to the point that ulterior motives of undermining opposition-led local governments became publicly observable. Reflecting on this phenomenon, in the end, the article poses a theoretical question whether such pretextual instrumentalization of law can itself be judicially manageable, at least in situations when clear political opponents are targeted.
Review on kinetic studies of α-hydroxy acids (glycolic, mandelic, citric, tartaric and malic) and some other organic compounds with water soluble nano particles of colloidal MnO2 in absence and presence of non-ionic surfactant (TX-100)
Authors: Iqubal S. M. Shakeel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis review paper deals with the kinetic studies of α-hydroxy acids (glycolic, mandelic, citric, tartaric, and malic) and some other organic compounds with water soluble nano particles of colloidal MnO2 in the aqueous and micellar media i.e., non- ionic surfactant (TX-100). The reaction has both non-autocatalytic and autocatalytic paths. Both in the absence and presence of non-ionic surfactant i.e., Triton X-100, first-order rate with respect to colloidal MnO2 and α-hydroxy acids is observed. Non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) catalyses the reaction due to multiple hydrogen bonding (intermolecular hydrogen bonding) whereas cationic CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) show no effect.
Effective aero-optical suppression by steady wall blowing and wall suction schemes for supersonic turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Zou H. , Yang X.-L. , Sun X.-W. , Liu W. , Yang Q. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs a basic flow model for engineering applications, wall-bounded turbulent flow has been widely studied in the field of aero-optics, but the flow control methods that could effectively suppress aero-optical effects are relatively rare. As an urgent requirement in engineering application, the concept of the steady wall blowing and suction is proposed by the author. Firstly, the author briefly described the flow model and physical method. Secondly, the choice of disturbance type is given. Then, the results of wall blowing-suction, suction and blowing ways based on steady and unsteady disturbance are compared. Finally, it is concluded that employing the high steady wall blowing disturbance (A = 0.2) could realise aero-optical suppression by around 20%. Besides, the steady wall suction scheme contributes to about 70%–80% reduction effect within a wide amplitude range (A = 0.2–1.0), which suppresses this effect by maintaining laminar state downstream contrasted by the baseline case.
From Ideal Worlds to Ideality
Authors: WARMKE CRAIG 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn common treatments of deontic logic, the obligatory is what is true in all deontically ideal possible worlds. In this article, I offer a new semantics for Standard Deontic Logic with Leibnizian intensions rather than possible worlds. Even though the new semantics furnishes models that resemble Venn diagrams, the semantics captures the strong soundness and completeness of Standard Deontic Logic. Since, unlike possible worlds, many Leibnizian intensions are not maximally consistent entities, we can amend the semantics to invalidate the inference rule which ensures that all tautologies are obligatory. I sketch this amended semantics to show how it invalidates the rule in a new way.
Modeling stratospheric polar vortex variation and identifying vortex extremes using explainable machine learning
Authors: Wu Zheng , Beucler Tom , Székely Enikő , Ball William T. , Domeisen Daniela I.V. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The winter stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) exhibits considerable variability in magnitude and structure, which can result in extreme SPV events. These extremes can subsequently influence weather in the troposphere from weeks to months and thus are important sources of surface predictability. However, the predictability of the SPV extreme events is limited to 1–2 weeks in state-of-the-art prediction systems. Longer predictability timescales of SPV would strongly benefit long-range surface prediction. One potential option for extending predictability timescales is the use of machine learning (ML). However, it is often unclear which predictors and patterns are important for ML models to make a successful prediction. Here we use explainable multiple linear regressions (MLRs) and an explainable artificial neural network (ANN) framework to model SPV variations and identify one type of extreme SPV events called sudden stratospheric warmings. We employ a NN attribution method to propagate the ANN’s decision-making process backward and uncover feature importance in the predictors. The feature importance of the input is consistent with the known precursors for extreme SPV events. This consistency provides confidence that ANNs can extract reliable and physically meaningful indicators for the prediction of the SPV. In addition, our study shows a simple MLR model can predict the SPV daily variations using sequential feature selection, which provides hints for the connections between the input features and the SPV variations. Our results indicate the potential of explainable ML techniques in predicting stratospheric variability and extreme events, and in searching for potential precursors for these events on extended-range timescales.
Market integration, income inequality, and kinship system among the Mosuo of China
Authors: Mattison Siobhán M. , MacLaren Neil , Sum Chun-Yi , Mattison Peter M. , Liu Ruizhe , Shenk Mary K. , Blumenfield Tami , Su Mingjie , Li Hui , Wander Katherine 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Increased access to defensible material wealth is hypothesised to escalate inequality. Market integration, which creates novel opportunities in cash economies, provides a means of testing this hypothesis. Using demographic data collected from 505 households among the matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo in 2017, we test whether market integration is associated with increased material wealth, whether increased material wealth is associated with wealth inequality, and whether being in a matrilineal vs. patrilineal kinship system alters the relationship between wealth and inequality. We find evidence that market integration, measured as distance to the nearest source of tourism and primary source of household income, is associated with increased household income and ‘modern’ asset value. Both village-level market integration and mean asset value were associated negatively, rather than positively, with inequality, contrary to predictions. Finally, income, modern wealth and inequality were higher in matrilineal communities that were located closer to the centre of tourism and where tourism has long provided a relatively stable source of income. However, we also observed exacerbated inequality with increasing farm animal value in patriliny. We conclude that the forces affecting wealth and inequality depend on local context and that the importance of local institutions is obscured by aggregate statistics drawn from modern nation states.
The fundamental inequality for cocompact Fuchsian groups
Authors: Kosenko Petr , Tiozzo Giulio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We prove that the hitting measure is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure for random walks driven by finitely supported measures on cocompact, hyperelliptic Fuchsian groups. Moreover, the Hausdorff dimension of the hitting measure is strictly less than one. Equivalently, the inequality between entropy and drift is strict. A similar statement is proven for Coxeter groups.
Inclusions in ice layers formed by melting and refreezing processes in a Greenland ice core
Authors: Kawakami Kaoru , Iizuka Yoshinori , Matoba Sumito , Aoki Teruo , Ando Takuto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, surface melting on the inland Greenland ice sheet has increased, leading to significant meltwater-refreezing in the snow and firn. Increased knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of these melt features (i.e., ice layers) is needed to help estimate future global sea-level rise. Here, using a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy, we investigate the size, shape, location, and chemical compositions of inclusions in 12 ice layers of the SIGMA-A ice core in the northwestern Greenland ice sheet (78°03′06″N, 67°37′42″W, 1490 m a.s.l.). In the ice layers, we found inclusions exceeding 30 μm diameter that could only be formed by melting–refreezing, which we classify into columnar-, particle-, and rod-like inclusions. We propose that the smaller columnar- and particle-like inclusions of solid Na2SO4⋅10H2O and CaSO4⋅2H2O form first, within the ice grains, followed by the larger rod-like inclusions of brines with mainly Na+and Cl−in grain boundaries. Our results suggest a new proxy that may help identify past warm climates in deeper ice cores in Greenland and for studying future ice sheet melting behavior.
The dysfunction of hormone-sensitive lipase induces lipid deposition and reprogramming of nutrient metabolism in fish
Authors: Wang Jin-Gang , Zhao Si-Han , Qian Yu-Cheng , Qian Yi-Fan , Liu Yi-Chan , Qiao Fang , Luo Yuan , Zhang Mei-Ling , Du Zhen-Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is one of the rate-determining enzymes in the hydrolysis of TAG, playing a crucial role in lipid metabolism. However, the role of HSL-mediated lipolysis in systemic nutrient homoeostasis has not been intensively understood. Therefore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technique and Hsl inhibitor (HSL-IN-1) to establish hsla-deficient (hsla-/-) and Hsl-inhibited zebrafish models, respectively. As a result, the hsla-/- zebrafish showed retarded growth and reduced oxygen consumption rate, accompanied with higher mRNA expression of the genes related to inflammation and apoptosis in liver and muscle. Furthermore, hsla-/- and HSL-IN-1-treated zebrafish both exhibited severe fat deposition, whereas their expressions of the genes related to lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation were markedly reduced. The TLC results also showed that the dysfunction of Hsl changed the whole-body lipid profile, including increasing the content of TG and decreasing the proportion of phospholipids. In addition, the systemic metabolic pattern was remodelled in hsla-/- and HSL-IN-1-treated zebrafish. The dysfunction of Hsl lowered the glycogen content in liver and muscle and enhanced the utilisation of glucose plus the expressions of glucose transporter and glycolysis genes. Besides, the whole-body protein content had significantly decreased in the hsla-/- and HSL-IN-1-treated zebrafish, accompanied with the lower activation of the mTOR pathway and enhanced protein and amino acid catabolism. Taken together, Hsl plays an essential role in energy homoeostasis, and its dysfunction would cause the disturbance of lipid catabolism but enhanced breakdown of glycogen and protein for energy compensation.
Evaluation of the impact of hydrogen-rich water on the quality attribute notes of butter
Authors: Ceylan M. Murat , Bulut Menekşe , Alwazeer Duried , Koyuncu Mubin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe effects of washing raw butter with hydrogen-rich water (HRW), prepared with hydrogen (H2) and/or magnesium (Mg), on butter quality were investigated in this research paper. During the washing process, titratable acidity (TA) decreased by 12% for all washed samples. During the storage period, TA increased by 28% and 93% (control), 14% and 58% (H2), and 10% and 66% (Mg) for the 60thand 90thdays, respectively. Peroxide value (mEq O2/kg) increased to 2.76 and 8.83 (control), 1.92 and 7.25 (H2), and 2.02 and 8.12 (Mg) for the 60thand 90thdays. HRW samples showed the lowest acid degree value (ADV) and the highest color notes (L*, C*, and h). The HRW treatment of raw butter has shown improving effects on the product without any harmful residuals in the final product or the environment.
A review of bovine colostrum preservation techniques
Authors: Denholm Katharine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPreservation of colostrum for neonatal dairy calves has seldom been seldom in recent years, much of the peer reviewed literature having been published in the 1970s and 1980s. First milking colostrum is high in bioactive immune enhancers such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrins, lysozymes and cytokines and is vital to confer passive immunity to newborn dairy calves to promote their health, welfare and future productivity. Bovine colostrum is advisedly restricted from the bulk milk supply for the first 8 milkings post calving due to high somatic cell counts and the risk of antimicrobial residues. As such, many producers refer to ‘colostrum’ as not only the first milking post calving, but also the aformentioned ‘transition’ milk. Colostrum is preserved in order to protect supply for feeding when production may be poor or where there is a glut of colostrum such as in seasonal calving systems. There are multiple reasons for newborn calves not to have access to their dam's colostrum, including multiple births, acute mastitis or maladapted maternal behaviour, especially in first lactation heifers. Shortages in colostrum may also be precipitated by purposeful discarding of colostrum from cows infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and Mycoplasma bovis. Broadly, colostrum may be preserved using low temperature (refrigeration or freezing) or chemical preservatives. The aim of this scoping review article was to identify options for preservation and gaps in research and to propose best practice for colostrum preservation.
Preventing the political manipulation of Covid-19 statistics: The importance of going beyond diplomatic language
Authors: Billig Michael , Marinho Cristina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article examines how the political manipulation of Covid-19 statistics was opposed in 2020. It does this by studying in detail the language used in a public exchange of letters in the UK. The exchange was between the chair of the United Kingdom Statistics Authority (UKSA), a statutory body to prevent statistical malpractice, and the Minister of Health, who had been manipulating Covid statistics. The exchange reflects the greater power of the government minister. Initially, the UKSA chair used diplomatic language, marked by paratactic constructions, unspecified arguments, and impersonal structures that did not threaten the minister's face. The minister ignored these and the UKSA chair had to go beyond diplomatic language by re-specifying his arguments and upgrading his critical terminology. Only by catching the press's attention did the chair succeed in making the minister rectify, at least partially, the manipulated statistics. Implications for understanding today's political values are discussed. (Opposing statistical manipulation, manipulating Covid statistics, diplomatic language, parataxis and hypotaxis)
Semiotic timescapes
Authors: Lazar Michelle M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn linguistic/semiotic landscape (LSL) studies, overall, time and temporalities have occupied a curious space between visibility and invisibility, resulting in time and temporalities being treated as an optional, additive, subordinate, or separate dimension in the linguistic and semiotic study of place-making. The term semiotic timescape serves as a heuristic concept which endeavours to centre time and its imbrication with space/place, with an explicit focus on the semiosis of ‘temporalized place-making’. The five articles in this special issue highlight the ‘complex and multiplex’ dimensions of time (Adam 2008) interconnected with spaces/places, as important aspects in understanding social realities and practices, via entanglements with multimodal meaning-making, materialities, embodiment, and politics of social actors and communities. (Semiotic timescapes, interconnectedness of time and space, complexities and multiplexities, multimodality, materialities)*
Analysing the travel behaviour of older adults: what are the determinants of sustainable mobility?
Authors: Ozbilen Basar , Akar Gulsah , White Katie , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Cao Qiuchang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, various authorities launched projects that aim to make their cities more age-friendly. Designing age-friendly cities is a complex and context-dependent process that requires clear implementation guidelines for policy makers. As one of the eight domains of age-friendly cities, transportation is a critical component of making our cities more liveable for older adults and their families. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the travel behaviour of older adults with a focus on the factors that lead to sustainable mobility patterns. Our empirical analysis is based on survey data collected from 1,221 older adults as part of the Age-Friendly Columbus project in Columbus, Ohio in the United States of America. We develop multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the travel mode choices of older adults (auto only, non-auto options only and multimodal (auto and at least one non-auto option)). We include age and built environment characteristics as the key variables, with lifestyle-related factors and socio-demographics as controls in our analysis. We find older respondents were more likely to use autos only compared to younger respondents. Our analysis also reveals significant associations between built environment characteristics and travel mode choices. Interaction effects show that the relationships between built environment characteristics and travel preferences differed by age cohorts among older individuals. The primary contribution of this study is that it provides evidence on what built environmental improvements help to promote sustainable travel among older adults in mid-sized and auto-dependent metropolitan cities. We argue that these improvements contribute to older adults' sustainable mobility, as well as out-of-home activity behaviour, social engagement and individual health. The results of this study may especially benefit non-driver older adults who lack reliable non-auto alternatives for their daily travel.