bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A digital-based design methodology for the optimization of high-performance multi-material structures
Authors: Zschiebsch W , Filippatos A , Bohm R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A central process in composite lightweight engineering is the design of different fibre-reinforced parts. Certain steps during the design process have the potential that the overall workload can significantly be reduced, by the use of modern software tools. This often means that a compromise between optimization and increasing development costs must be found in order to balance structural complexity, number of design iteration loops and subsequent changes in the requirements. We introduce a computer-driven automation process for a multi-domain, parameter-driven design optimization. The proposed concept was built around the idea that the methodology can be used with different software tools that are already in operation for the design process of lightweight structures and therefore allows an easy implementation into already existing development chains. The developed process was successfully demonstrated by designing high-speed glass fibre rotors with respect to their structural and dynamic performance. The results showed a significant decrease in time spending during the design phase with the benefit to quickly adapt the design to subsequent changes in the optimization goal. Additionally, a wider solution space can be taken into account, which increases the quality of the optimization results.
Acceptance, Safety and Sustainability Recommendations for Efficient Deployment of UAM - Outline of H2020 CSA Project
Authors: Dziugiel B , Mazur A , Stanczyk A , Maczka M , Liberacki A , Di Vito V , Menichino A , Melo S , ten Thije J , Hesselink H , Vreeken J , Giannuzzi M , Duca G , Russo R , Witkowska-Konieczny A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The vision of a third dimension added to hitherto nearly flat urban/metropolitan transport system gained the potential to become a mobility revolution for both logistics operators and, in the near future, for passengers as well. In spite of the expected emergence of this new form of transport and respective benefits for the efficiency of the mobility system at urban and suburban scale, UAM implementation also involves unprecedented and numerous challenges for cities and for all local public and private stakeholders. The local governing bodies are expected to provide policy, regulations and guidance for the implementation of UAM and to assure its integration with the ground mobility systems as well as with other urban functionalities. Taking into account both potential benefits and associated challenges related to UAM implementation, ASSURED-UAM (Acceptance, Safety and SUstainability Recommendations for Efficient Deployment of UAM) project, funded by the H2020 Programme, aims to support that effort, by providing a multidisciplinary study on operational and policy frameworks for the process of the introduction of unmanned modes of UAM.
Learn&Fly: engaging students in STEM via aeronautics
Authors: Guedes M , Nunes N , Cláudio R , Piteira M , Dias A , Śliwa-Martinez K , Santamarina G 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Learn&Fly is an Erasmus+ project aimed to demystify and to crack STEM subjects to youngsters by showing their importance and application in aeronautics. Concepts in physics and maths are explained by engagement in the construction of an aircraft, aimed to compete in a flight contest. Students must envisage, design, draw and calculate the craft, simulate its flight, make necessary design adjustments, and build it. In its first year the project attracted 121 students, between 17-21 years old; 19.5% were girls. Students work on the glider was accompanied by lectures in physics, materials, and technologies. A questionnaire was used to quantify students’ perception on project usefulness. Results show that students considered the project to be effective in improving STEM skills and career awareness, and very effective in improving soft skills. This is expected to result from the stimulating, hands-on STEM learning environment that provided access to contents, tools, and activities not usually available to high school students from the partaking countries.
How much workload is workload? A human neurophysiological and affective - cognitive performance measurement methodology for air traffic controllers
Authors: Suárez María Zamarreño , Valdés Rosa María Arnaldo , Moreno Francisco Pérez , Jurado Raquel Delgado-Aguilera , de Frutos Patricia María López , Comendador Víctor Fernando Gómez 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Air traffic controllers play an important role in enabling safe, orderly, and efficient flight management within airspace. By the very nature of their work, they must make critical decisions in a time-critical environment. From a safety point of view, it would be of interest to obtain the workload thresholds (upper and lower limits) in order to define a range in which it would be safe and efficient for air traffic controllers to work. This collaboration project between CRIDA and UPM aims to obtain a methodology to define these workload limits, based on experimental affective-cognitive data and neurophysiological parameters of the performance of air traffic controllers. The workload assessment combines objective and subjective approaches. From the objective point of view, electroencephalography and eye-tracking techniques will be employed. In this paper, the first milestones achieved in the project are presented, as well as the simulation platform to be used in the experiment and the simulation-based set of exercises that has been specially designed for this project.
Cost-Optimized Avionics System - Surveillance Solution with Radar for Small Aircraft Transportation Segment
Authors: Kanovsky Petr , Korenčiak L’uboš , Adamová Eva Jošth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this paper is explained the need for cost-optimized SAT surveillance system and described one potential approach to the solution which provides a complete protection against traffic, terrain and obstacles at an affordable price. The second part of the paper focuses on the radar. The trade-off analyses of performance, frequency bands and antenna size are described here. The goal of this paper is to highlight the need for securing the frequency spectrum for airborne radars that is under strong pressure of telecommunication lobby.
Fully Modular Robotic Arm Architecture Utilizing Novel Multifunctional Space Interface
Authors: Zeis C. , de Alba-Padilla C. A. , Schroeder K.-U. , Grzesik B. , Stoll E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current paradigm in space robotics is the design of specialized robotic manipulators to meet the requirements for a specific mission profile. This research aims to develop a novel concept of a modular robotic arm for multi-purpose and multi-mission use. The overall approach is based on a manipulator formed by serial connection of identical modules. Each module contains one rotational joint. The joints, rotation axis is tilted under an angle of 45° to the normal axis, which requires less stowage space compared to a traditional joint configuration. A manipulator can be reconfigured in orbit by adding or removing modules and end effectors, therefore modifying the degrees of freedom (DoF) as well as the workspace. Redundancies are introduced, since defect modules may be removed or replaced. This paper outlines the overall concept of modularization of a robotic arm. The development and mechanical design of a terrestrial demonstrator based on the multifunctional interface iSSI (intelligent Space System Interface) is presented, which is intended for OOS and OOA activities. Furthermore, a variant of the modular robotic system with 24 DoF is presented, which can be stowed in a Cubesat-sized environment. It can operate in spaces with limited accessibility and is dedicated for tasks like inspection and delicate repairs. Finally, an outlook to further research potential and future use cases for the modular robotic system is given.
Goals, tasks and technic concept of Russian flight civil supersonic jet technology demonstrator
Authors: Bashkirov I G , Chernyshev S L , Kazhan A V , Kazhan V G , Karpov E V , Shanygin A N , Shenkin A V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The fundamental difference between the new-generation supersonic civil aircraft (SST) and the existing supersonic aircraft is the need to ensure a minimum level of environmental impact. The task of achieving highly efficient faster-than-sonic flight with minimum impact on the environment requires the development and implementation of a whole set of new technical solutions and technologies for aerodynamic layout, power plant, structural design, control system, etc. The technological advance on the topic formed in Russia to date requires verification of the effectiveness, feasibility and the possibility of integrating a set of technologies and technical solutions in the real flight conditions using a flight demonstrator of SST technologies, which will increase the level of readiness of key technologies, reduce the technical risks of developing a new generation SST and provide a basis for the development of draft regulatory requirements for the environmental performance of advanced SSTs. This paper outlines the goals and objectives of such a demonstrator and discusses some of the key technologies in the interests of creating a new generation SST.
Innovative test methodology for shelf life extension of carbon fibre prepregs
Authors: Amare Constance , Mantaux Olivier , Gillet Arnaud , Pedros Matthieu , Lacoste Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aerospace industry makes extensive use of composite materials in the form of fibre fabrics pre-impregnated with thermosetting resin, called prepregs. In order to minimize the resin polymerization before curing, prepregs must be stored at -18°C (0°F). There are therefore expiration dates for prepregs before use. Although manufacturers try to minimize storage time, offcuts and time out of the freezer, it is estimated that 30% to 40% of the prepregs are not used [1]. Today, recertification of expired materials is still complex and expensive, therefore it is generally chosen to send expired prepregs to landfill. The purpose of this work is to correlate physicochemical measurements with the loss of mechanical performance in order to point out and measure the real aging effects during excessive storage time. Processability, physicochemical and mechanical tests were performed in order to understand which tests are truly representative of ageing. This study was illustrated by testing on unidirectional Hexcel carbon/epoxy prepreg. Different expiry dates of this material were studied and the properties were compared. It was shown that the main observed degradation was the processability of the prepreg while mechanical performance was minimally degraded after the expiry date. This study could lead to a simpler measurement of the actual expiry rate of prepregs, which could be useful to speed up recertification procedures or to propose new scenarios to extend the shelf-life of expired prepregs [2].
Life Cycle Inventories for Engine Blisk LCA
Authors: Fricke K , Bergs T , Ganser P , Gierlings S , Albano J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aviation industry has been growing continuously over the past decades. To ensure sustainability and competitiveness for the aviation industry sector, a full understanding of the environmental impacts is required, not only during use phase but along the entire life cycle, including “Materials”, “Processes and Resources”, “Manufacturing and Production”, “Lifetime Services” as well as “Reuse, End-of-Life and Recycling”. Core engine components, such as integral rotors (Blisks), are comprised of high value metallic alloys that require complex and resource consuming manufacturing processes. This paper will introduce an approach for Life-Cy-cle-Inventory data acquisition during Blisk manufacturing as basis for a Life-Cycle-Assessment (LCA) according to ISO 14040. A particular focus will be set on the data quality and confidence level regarding measuring, acquisition, and analysis of in- and output flows within the Blisk manufacturing process chain in scope. This includes the stages of material generation, forming processes, heat treatments, machining, surface treatments and quality assurance. A greater emphasis is drawn to selected variations on mechanical machining processes. On this basis, first results of an LCA for Blisk-manufacturing will be presented.
A novel model-based metaheuristic method for prognostics of aerospace electromechanical actuators equipped with PMSM
Authors: Matteo D.L. , Vedova Dalla , Berri Pier Carlo , Aksadi Omayma 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The prior knowledge of incipient failures of primary flight command electromechanical actuators (EMAs) with prognostic algorithms can be very beneficial. Indeed, early and proper detection and interpretation of the deterioration pattern can warn for replacing the servomechanism before the actual manifestation of the abnormal behaviour. Furthermore, such algorithms often exploit a model-based approach established on the direct comparison between the actual (High Fidelity) and the monitor (Low Fidelity) systems to identify fault parameters through optimization processes. The monitor model allows the acquisition of accurate and precise results with a contained computational effort. The authors developed a new simplified monitor model capable of faithfully reproducing the dynamic response of a typical aerospace EMA equipped with a Permanent Magnet Sinusoidal Motor (PMSM). This digital twin senses mechanical and electrical faults: friction, backlash, coil short circuit, static rotor eccentricity, and proportional gain. Fault detection and identification task are performed by comparing the output signal of the reference system (real or simulated) with the one obtained from the monitor model. After that, the Genetic Algorithm is chosen as the optimization algorithm to match the two signals by iteratively changing the fault parameters to detect the global minimum of a quadratic error function. Once a suitable fit is obtained, the corresponding optimization parameters are correlated with the considered progressive failures to evaluate the system’s health status. The high-fidelity reference models analysed in this work have been previously conceived, developed, implemented in Matlab-Simulink, and validated experimentally by researchers of the ASTRA group of the DIMEAS of Politecnico di Torino.
Model validation for a transient ECS failure case in a business jet mock-up
Authors: Lindner A J M , Pschirer M , Norrefeldt V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the goals of the CleanSky2 Airframe project is the maturation of model based certification methods, replacing cost intensive and sometimes even impossible tests with simulations. One such impossible test scenario is the hazard assessment in case of an ECS failure in a business jet, leading to a continuous decrease of cabin temperature by conduction to the exterior environment and thus to a potentially hazardous condition for passengers and crew. Such failures have been tested on the Business Jet Cabin Demonstrator in the Fraunhofer Flight Test Facility. With the test data, a model based on the zonal approach is validated. Zonal modelling subdivides the indoor environment into typically 100-1000 zones, thus providing a local resolution of airflow and temperature distribution while still being numerically fast enough to simulate transient profiles. As the study focusses hazard conditions, subject testing is not considered possible while modelling allows for a judgement on the risk level.
The thermal control system of NASA’s Curiosity rover: a case study
Authors: Quattrocchi Gaetano , Pittari Andrea , Vedova Matteo D.L. dalla , Maggiore Paolo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In any space mission, maintaining subsystems temperature within the allowed limits is a difficult challenge. Parts exposed to the Sun need to be cooled because temperatures rise extremely high, while parts not directly exposed to the Sun need to be heated, because temperatures can drop dramatically. The vacuum does not conduct heat, so the only way to transfer energy is through electromagnetic radiation, generated by the thermal motion of particles in matter. Operating on a planet surface allow convective dissipation and, to a lesser extent, conductive heat dissipation. Furthermore, Mars’ thin atmosphere mitigates the strong temperature gradients that would occur in a vacuum. Nevertheless, external parts of the rover are exposed to temperature ranging between – 123°C - +40°C. In this paper, the thermal control system of NASA’s Curiosity rover will be presented, analyzing the challenges of maintaining suitable operating conditions in Martian environment and the solutions adopted to allow safe operations.
Development of human-derived, three-dimensional respiratory epithelial tissue constructs with perfusable microvasculature on a high-throughput microfluidics screening platform
Authors: Jung Olive , Tung Yen-Ting , Sim Esther , Chen Yu-Chi , Lee Emily , Ferrer Marc , Song Min Jae 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for human respiratory tract-based assay platforms for efficient discovery and development of antivirals and disease-modulating therapeutics. Physiologically relevant tissue models of the lower respiratory tract (LRT), including the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar sacs, are of high interest because they are the primary site of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and are most affected during the terminal stage of COVID-19. Current epithelial lung models used to study respiratory viral infections include lung epithelial cells at the air–liquid interface (ALI) with fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but such models do not have a perfusable microvascular network to investigate both viral infectivity and viral infection-induced thrombotic events. Using a high throughput, 64-chip microfluidic plate-based platform, we have developed two novel vascularized, LRT multi-chip models for the alveoli and the small airway. Both models include a perfusable microvascular network consisting of human primary microvascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and pericytes. The established biofabrication protocols also enable the formation of differentiated lung epithelial layers at the ALI on top of the vascularized tissue bed. We validated the physiologically relevant cellular composition, architecture and perfusion of the vascularized lung tissue models using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and electrical resistance measurements. These vascularized, perfusable microfluidic lung tissue on high throughput assay platforms will enable the development of respiratory viral infection and disease models for research investigation and drug discovery.
−808 nm-activated Ca2+ doped up-conversion nanoparticles that release no inducing liver cancer cell (HepG2) apoptosis
Authors: Fa Xinmeng , Lin Shaowei , Yang Jianghua , Shen Chong , Liu Yuanli , Gong Yongyang , Qin Aimiao , Ou Jun , Resch-Genger Ute 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered release method for nitric oxide (NO) was developed utilizing core/shell NaYF4: Tm/Yb/Ca@NaGdF4: Nd/Yb up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) bearing a mesoporous silica (mSiO2) shell loaded with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP). To avoid overheating in biological samples, Nd3+ was chosen as a sensitizer, Yb3+ ions as the bridging sensitizer, and Tm3+ ions as UV-emissive activator while co-doping with Ca2+ was done to enhance the luminescence of the activator Tm3+. NO release from SNAP was triggered by an NIR-UV up-conversion process, initiated by 808 nm light absorbed by the Nd3+ ions. NO release was confirmed by the Griess method. Under 808 nm irradiation, the viability of the liver cancer cell line HepG2 significantly decreased with increasing UCNPs@mSiO2-SNAP concentration. For a UCNPs@mSiO2-SNAP concentration of 200 μg ml−1, the cell survival probability was 47%. These results demonstrate that UCNPs@mSiO2-SNAP can induce the release of apoptosis-inducing NO by NIR irradiation.
Electrosynthesis of perchlorate using neodymium-doped PbO
2 electrode: application of experimental design methodology for optimization of the effective parameters
Authors: Cheraghveisi Meysam , Maddah Bozorgmehr , Najafi Mostafa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, extensive research has been done on substrates (i.e., titanium and carbon) with lead dioxide coating to design a cheap anode in electrochemical systems instead of a platinized (Pt) electrode. Various factors can affect the structure and catalytic activity of lead dioxide coating. The most important of them are the type of substrate, how to prepare the substrate for the coating process and the types of lead dioxide additives. In this work, the effective factors in the preparation of the substrate were first investigated. Subsequently, the effect of neodymium as an additive on the catalytic activity of the electrode was studied. We prepared these electrodes and they were first evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometer (EIS). The results showed that the potential of water oxidation on the modified

P
b

O

2

electrodes by neodymium was 2 V. Here, we used an electrochemical method to prepare perchlorate. Since the anode potential for perchlorate oxidation is near that for water oxidation, conventional electrodes can’t be used in the perchlorate electrosynthesis. To achieve high production yield in the preparation of perchlorate from chlorate, various parameters including pH, time, and current density were optimized by the Box-Behnken design of the experiment method. The optimal values for this process were obtained at pH = 11, temperature 40 °C and current density of 0.5 mA cm−2. The results at the optimal condition showed that the perchlorate production yield by modified

P
b

O

2

electrodes was 80% in the 300 min. This value was only 60% for the unmodified

P
b

O

2

electrode.
Plasma processing of Fe-P/rGO powder for making robust wear resistance and anticorrosion coating over mild steel
Authors: Debasish Debidutta , Bajpai S , Gochhayat Snigdha , Dash Tapan , Pati Ankeet Rajan , Patra Pranay Kumar , Bhagat A N , Singh Saroj Kumar , Rout Tapan Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPhosphating is a widely used metal pre-treatment process due to its ability to improvise pitting corrosion resistance, wear-resistance, and adherence properties. In the present investigation, we report the manufacturing of spray grade powder of Fe-P metal ingot by mechanical hammering, milling and sieving process. The Fe-P powder and its blending with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (2 and 4 vol%) were successfully coated over mild steel by the thermal plasma spray method for thefirst time. Successful retention of rGO was observed even after thermal plasma spraying of Fe-P/rGO (2 vol% and 4 vol%), which was challenging and yet to be reported. The morphological investigation of the top-coat layer and cross-section was analysed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The presence of G, D and 2D bands at 1580 cm−1, 1350 cm−1, and 2700 cm−1,respectively in the Raman spectra were the straightforward demonstration of the retention of rGO. Hardness and air-jet erosion tests were performed to evaluate mechanical properties in view of exploring commercial applications of such coatings. We found that Fe-P-rGO composite coatings exhibited improved hardness, erosion, and corrosion resistance properties with increasing reduced graphene oxide content.