bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the cost and impact of dosing fees among clients in opioid agonist treatment: Results from a cross‐sectional survey of Australian treatment clients
Authors: Zahra Emma , Chen Rory , Nielsen Suzanne , Tran Anh Dam , Santo Thomas , Degenhardt Louisa , Farrell Michael , Byrne Jude , Ali Robert , Larance Briony 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionOpioid agonist treatment (OAT) clients frequently bear costs associated with their treatment, including dosing fees. This study aimed to explore the financial and social impact of dosing fees upon clients.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of people who use opioids regularly (N = 402) between December 2017 and March 2018, conducted in Australia. Dosing fees were calculated and expressed as percentage of income, by OAT type. Consequences and strategies for difficulties making payments were examined as proportions.ResultsA total of N = 360 participants had ever been in OAT and N = 245 participants currently engaged in OAT reported data on dosing fees, of them 53% (n = 129) reported paying dosing fees. Compared to clients with high levels of dosing supervision, those with moderate or low levels of supervision were more likely to pay dosing fees. The median 28‐day dosing fee was AUD$110 (interquartile range AUD$80); median 28‐day income was AUD$1520 (interquartile range AUD$700). For those who paid dosing fees, the fee comprised <10% of total monthly income for 70% of participants; however, 23% of participants paid fees comprising 10% to <20%, and 7% of participants paid fees comprising 20% or more of monthly income. Among those that had ever been in OAT, 72% experienced difficulties in paying treatment costs; 36% left treatment earlier than intended and 25% had been excluded due to payment difficulties.Discussion and ConclusionsNegative consequences of treatment costs to clients, particularly dosing fees, are evident. These costs impact treatment access and retention that may negatively impact clients' physical health, mental health and social wellbeing.
The role of status in the early emergence of pro‐White bias in rural Uganda
Authors: Marshall Julia , Gollwitzer Anton , Mermin‐Bunnell Kellen , Mandalaywala Tara 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch investigating the early emergence of racial prejudice has been largely limited to contexts in which racial prejudice is most likely to emerge—multiracial societies that have pronounced racial inequality (e.g., United States, South Africa). The present study assessed whether pro‐White racial bias is also early emerging in a homogenous Black community that has little exposure to modern media and where children presumably experience less overt discrimination than in past samples. Black African children (N = 214) between 5‐ and 12‐years‐old living in rural Uganda exhibited substantial pro‐White racial bias, preferring White over Black children 78% of the time. Ugandan children also judged White children as higher status than Black children, and these status judgments predicted their degree of pro‐White bias. Our results indicate that pro‐White racial biases can emerge even in a homogenous Black community and that, in some contexts, minimal status cues can be sufficient for the early development of racial prejudice.
Fast assessment of left ventricular systolic function in obstructive sleep apnea patients with automated function imaging: Comparison with mitral annular plane systolic excursion
Authors: Ma ChenYao , Sanderson John E. , Chen Qi , Liang Zhe , Zhan XiaoJun , Wu Chan , Liu Hu , Xiao Lei , Fang Fang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of left ventricular (LV) subclinical dysfunction is clinically relevant before developing irreversible impairment in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Mitral annulus plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) is a fast tool for OSA due to high prevalent obesity; another quick but more comprehensive tool is LV global longitudinal stain (GLS) based on automated function imaging (AFI). We therefore aimed to compare the feasibility and reproducibility of AFI to MAPSE in OSA patients, as a good model in whom obesity is common.MethodsA comprehensive echocardiographic examination was done in 186 consecutive patients having polysomnography for suspected OSA. MAPSE was measured by using M‐mode to calculate excursion of mitral annulus. GLS was derived by offline analysis of three long‐axis views that semi‐automatically detects LV endocardial boundary, which is adjusted manually as necessary with AFI measurement. Variability of AFI and MAPSE were compared among the different subgroups.ResultsDespite a relatively high obesity rate (42.9%), the feasibility of AFI was 94% (175/186) and that of 100% in MAPSE. AFI showed excellent correlation (r = .882) superior to MAPSE (r = .819) between the Expert and Beginner. Intra‐ and inter‐ observer variability of AFI and MAPSE in Bland‐Altman analysis were 5.5% and 6.5%; 6.2% and 8.8%, respectively. In repeated measurements, AFI showed higher intra‐class correlation (ICC = .95) than MAPSE (ICC = .87) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, analysis showed that AFI was feasible even in more obese patients (BMI≥28 kg/m2).ConclusionsEven in obese patients with OSA, AFI‐GLS is feasible and more reliable for less expert operators than MAPSE in detecting LV longitudinal dysfunction.
The soul‐soother of later antiquity: Nietzsche on Epicurus and Schopenhauer
Authors: Fawcett Tom 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, I raise an interpretive problem presented by Nietzsche's adulatory attitude toward Epicurus during his middle period. I make the case that Epicurus' ethics is in several major respects identical to that of Schopenhauer. This is problematic for interpreters of Nietzsche insofar as Schopenhauer's ethics provides the main grounds for Nietzsche's emphatic rejection of him as a life‐denying ascetic. How is it then, I ask, that the middle Nietzsche felt he was able to embrace Epicurus? I argue that the difference between Nietzsche's appraisals of Epicurus and Schopenhauer can be accounted for in terms of the difference in their respective responses to suffering in general and psychological conflict in particular.
Conservative treatment of an incomplete calcaneal fracture in a pony using a tarsal sleeve cast
Authors: Marcatili M. , Cantatore F. , Riley G. , Withers J. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryA 9‐year‐old 390 kg games pony presented with acute onset of grade 5/5 (AAEP) right hindlimb (RH) lameness. During clinical examination, the source of lameness was localised to the tarsal region. Radiographic examination identified a closed, simple, nondisplaced, incomplete fracture of the calcaneal shaft. The pony was initially treated with box rest; however, despite an initial good response, the horse re‐presented with a grade 5/5 (AAEP) RH lameness, 2 weeks after initial presentation. The decision was made to treat the fracture using a tarsal sleeve cast extending from mid‐third of the tibia/crus to the level of distal metatarsus. The cast was replaced every 2 weeks and maintained for a total of 8 weeks. After cast removal, the horse was kept on strict box rest for 3 weeks. After discharge from the hospital, in‐hand walking exercise from the stable was commenced and gradually increased over a 4‐week period. The horse was then gradually reintroduced to small paddock turnout exercise for eight further weeks. The horse was able to return to full athletic function. Conservative treatment using a tarsal sleeve cast should be considered only in horses presenting an incomplete nondisplaced fracture of the calcaneal shaft.
Chronic tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in a domestic donkey in Central Europe
Authors: Siwinska Natalia , Zak Agnieszka , Slowikowska Malwina , Niedzwiedz Artur , Ciaputa Rafal , Janus Izabela , Lipiec Marek , Radulski Lukasz , Szymerowski Adam , Nowak Marcin 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBovine tuberculosis is a contagious and zoonotic disease of animals and humans. In Europe, the number of reported cases of tuberculosis has decreased. Equidae are relatively rarely infected even in endemic areas. The presented report describes a case of chronic Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in a 30‐year‐old female donkey. The donkey initially presented with persistent lymphadenopathy; however, as the disease progressed, weight loss became apparent. To the authors' knowledge, this is the second confirmed case of tuberculosis in a donkey in Europe.
A legitimacy theory perspective on Scope 3 freight transportation emissions
Authors: Ellram Lisa M. , Tate Wendy L. , Saunders Lance W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFreight transportation emissions reduction is on the environmental sustainability agenda for the logistics and transportation function in many organizations. Transportation is the fastest growing form of emissions in developing countries and is second only to electricity emissions generation globally. However, freight transportation is not a priority on the overall organizational sustainability agenda for many companies. This research uses in‐depth interviews with 12 organizations to provide insight into the Transportation functional and the organizational level action and commitment to freight transportation emissions reduction as part of the overall corporate sustainability agenda. The context of this research takes the perspective of shippers to understand the benefits perceived by shippers in joining a green network/partnership focused on the reduction of freight emissions, fuel consumption, and the associated costs. In most organizations, reducing freight emissions is managed within the Transportation function and there is a lack of organizational focus on outsourced freight transportation emissions reduction. Given the increasing saliency of emissions reductions in many organizations, this represents a gap that needs to be addressed. The research suggests methods for creating more concern and visibility of freight transportation emissions.
Estimated blood pressure trajectories and hypertension patterns among pregnant women living with HIV, Haiti, 2007–2017
Authors: Tymejczyk Olga , Deschamps Marie Marcelle , Rouzier Vanessa , McNairy Margaret L. , Peck Robert N. , Malha Line , Macius Youry , Fitzgerald Daniel W. , Pape Jean W. , Nash Denis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHypertension in pregnancy is a key driver of mortality and morbidity among Haitian women. HIV infection and treatment may worsen hypertension and increase cardiovascular disease risk. The authors examined blood pressure and hypertension patterns among 1965 women (2306 pregnancies ending in live births) in a prevention of maternal‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) program in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti, between 2007 and 2017. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg on two consecutive visits. Latent class analysis assessed trajectories of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and multinomial ordinal logistic regression examined factors associated with higher trajectories. Between 2007–2009 and 2013–2016, hypertension at PMTCT entry increased from 1.3% to 3.8% (p = .005), while incidence at any time during PMTCT follow‐up increased from 5.0 to 16.1 per 100 person‐years (p < .001). Hypertension detected ≤20 weeks and > 20 weeks of gestation (possible gestational hypertension) increased from 1.1% to 3.5% (p = .003) and from 2.3% to 6.9% (p < .001), respectively. Five MAP trajectories ranged from low‐stable to high‐increasing. In multivariable analysis controlling for history of antiretroviral therapy, age, parity, and weight, program entry in more recent years was associated with greater odds of higher MAP trajectory (adjusted odds ratio for 2013–2016 vs. 2007–2009 = 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–5.6). The increasing prevalence and incidence of hypertension highlight a need for screening and management prior to PMTCT entry and during follow‐up. In a population with limited access to chronic disease care, and where many deliveries occur outside of a clinical setting, the period of PMTCT follow‐up represents an opportunity to diagnose and initiate management of preexisting and pregnancy‐related hypertension.
Pandemics and consumer well‐being from the Global South
Authors: Das Arindam , Chaudhuri Himadri Roy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis introductory article makes a critical estimation of the impact of pandemics on the Global South consumer's well‐being. Our paper moves beyond the concerns of the other papers of this Special Issue. Instead, we focus on the issues of the vulnerable, marginal, and subaltern consumers of the Global South—experiences and anxieties, distinct from those of more “modern,” capitalized, industrialized, democratized, and economically liberated Global North consumers. We offer the North–South comparisons across national lines or from block to block that bring in a series of promising directions and new currents in the critical, interdisciplinary studies of consumer affairs. Primary perspectives and associated topics for future agenda impacting TCR highlighted are (i) socio‐economic inequalities and injustices, (ii) environmental injustice and sustainable future. We finally suggest an innovative research paradigm, “altruistic‐activist consumer research,” to address the concerns and impact the well‐being of marginal consumers from the Global South.
Does industry self‐regulation work to protect consumers? An evaluation of the children's food and beverage advertising initiative
Authors: Avery Rosemary J. , Brown Aerin , Mathios Alan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study evaluates the success of an industry self‐regulatory initiative, the Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI), designed to limit advertising of less nutritious foods to children that began in 2006 and implemented by pledging firms by 2013. We estimate the nutritional profile (calories, sugar, sodium, and fiber) of cereals that were advertised on national/local television (approximately 170 million ads) and measure children's exposure (over 21,000 children) to these ads for years 2001–2013. We also examine how firms responded to the voluntary agreement in terms of their advertising and product line decisions. Results reveal improvements in the nutritional quality of cereal children are exposed to through advertising, indicating the success of this self‐regulatory initiative in this product category. Results also reveal the ways in which manufacturers adapted their product line offerings and ad airings in response to their CFBAI pledges.
Stenting of ductus venosus as a palliation for portal hypertension because of neonatal cirrhosis
Authors: Brown Nicholas , Bhatt Heli , Salunke Amrita , Chinnakotla Srinath , Qureshi Athar M. , Aggarwal Varun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPortal hypertension because of liver cirrhosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options in these patients include liver transplant, symptomatic treatment of oesophageal varices via endoscopic treatment and symptomatic management of ascites. Portosystemic shunt creation can be challenging in newborns and infants. We present a newborn with Trisomy 21, severe portal hypertension secondary to neonatal cirrhosis, oesophageal varices and upper GI bleeding, severe ascites refractory to medical management who underwent ductus venosus stenting as a palliative procedure. He demonstrated remarkable clinical improvement with no subsequent upper GI bleed and resolution of ascites till his last follow‐up at 12 months of age. To the best of our knowledge, stenting of the patent ductus venosus to create a portosystemic shunt to relieve portal hypertension has not been reported in English literature.
Feasibility and effectiveness of HCV viraemia testing at harm reduction sites in Georgia: A prospective three‐arm study
Authors: Shilton Sonjelle , Markby Jessica , Japaridze Maia , Chihota Violet , Shadaker Shaun , Gvinjilia Lia , Tsereteli Maia , Alkhazashvili Maia , Butsashvili Maia , Stvilia Ketevan , Ruiz Ryan Jose , Asatiani Alexander , Adamia Ekaterine , Easterbrook Philippa , Khonelidze Irma , Gamkrelidze Amiran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsIn 2015, Georgia began a hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination programme. Although screening programmes have been decentralized for high‐risk groups, viraemic testing remains a bottleneck for people who inject drugs. Here, we describe two models of viraemic testing that aimed to address this gap.MethodsWe assigned eight harm reduction sites (HRS) to one of three arms (2,1:1): Xpert HCV viral load testing on‐site, blood draw on‐site with centralized HCV core antigen testing (HCVcAg), or standard‐of‐care (SOC) referral with viremia testing performed at treatment centres.Results1671 HCV‐seropositive participants were enrolled (Xpert, 37.1%; HCVcAg, 29.1%; referral, 33.8%). Participants were predominantly male (95.4%), mean age (IQR) 43 (37, 50) years and 1290 (77.2%) were currently injecting drugs. Significantly higher proportions of participants in the Xpert (100%) and HCVcAg (99.8%) arms received viraemia testing compared with the referral arm (91.3%) (Xpert vs referral, p < 0.0001; HCVcAg vs referral, p < 0.0001). Among viraemic participants, treatment uptake was similar (Xpert, 84.0%; HCVcAg, 79.5%; referral, 88.4%). The time between screening and sample collection for viraemia testing was significantly longer in the referral arm compared with both Xpert and HCVcAg arms (median 1 day compared with 0 days respectively), and the overall time between screening to treatment initiation was longer for the referral arm (median 67 days) compared with both Xpert and HCVcAg arms (median 57 and 50 days respectively).ConclusionsPoint‐of‐care viraemia testing and blood drawn on‐site for HCVcAg testing yielded more HCV‐seropositive patients receiving viraemic testing within a shorter timeframe compared with referrals.
A novel serum metabolomic panel distinguishes IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Radford‐Smith Daniel E. , Selvaraj Emmanuel A. , Peters Rory , Orrell Michael , Bolon Jonathan , Anthony Daniel C. , Pavlides Michael , Lynch Kate , Geremia Alessandra , Bailey Adam , Culver Emma L. , Probert Fay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4‐SC) are chronic fibro‐inflammatory immune‐mediated hepatobiliary conditions that are challenging to distinguish in a clinical setting. Accurate non‐invasive biomarkers for discriminating PSC and IgG4‐SC are important to ensure a correct diagnosis, prompt therapy and adequate cancer surveillance.MethodsWe performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomic profiling using serum samples collected prospectively from patients with PSC (n = 100), IgG4‐SC (n = 23) and healthy controls (HC; n = 16).ResultsMultivariate analysis of the serum metabolome discriminated PSC from IgG4‐SC with greater accuracy (AUC 0.95 [95%CI 0.90–0.98]) than IgG4 titre (AUC 0.87 [95%CI 0.79–0.94]). When inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was excluded as a comorbid condition (IgG4‐SC n = 20, PSC n = 22), the diagnostic AUC increased to 1.0, suggesting that the metabolome differences identified are not a result of the increased prevalence of IBD in PSC relative to IgG4‐SC patients. Serum lactate (p < .0001), glucose (p < .01) and glutamine (p < .01) metabolites were increased in IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) and IgG4‐SC individuals compared to PSC, whereas mobile choline (p < .05), 3‐hydroxybutyric acid (p < .01) and ‐CH3 lipoprotein resonances (p < .01) were decreased.ConclusionsTaken together, serum metabolomic profiling has the potential to be incorporated as a diagnostic criterion, independent of IgG4 titre, to improve the diagnosis of IgG4‐RD and help distinguish IgG4‐SC from PSC.
From Quantitative Fact to Discursive Practice: Techniques for Asserting the Reliability of Anthropological Knowledge in Expert Testimony
Authors: Rodriguez Leila 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnlike other expert witnesses, cultural anthropologists must not only provide expert evidence on the case but also convince judges of its validity for meeting the Daubert standard. In this article, I juxtapose two expert testimony reports I have written in criminal and asylum cases. For the first, I conducted cultural consensus analysis, a formal quantitative technique, to gather data on beliefs about co‐sleeping behavior among Mexican migrants. For the second, I relied on discursive practice to signal the facts as meeting the standard of evidence. I argue that despite anthropology not being an “exact science,” our locus at the intersection of the sciences, social sciences, and humanities provides us with a range of tools to assert the reliability and validity of our testimony.
The 14‐3‐3 protein GF14c positively regulates immunity by modulating the protein homoeostasis of the GRAS protein OsSCL7 in rice
Authors: Lu Ling , Diao Zhijuan , Yang Dewei , Wang Xun , Zheng Xingxing , Xiang Xinquan , Xiao Yueping , Chen Zhiwei , Wang Wei , Wu Yunkun , Tang Dingzhong , Li Shengping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVarious types of transcription factors have been reported to be involved in plant‐pathogen interactions by regulating defence‐related genes. GRAS proteins, plant‐ specific transcription factors, have been shown to play essential roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. By performing a transcriptome study on rice early defence responses to Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified a GRAS protein, OsSCL7, which was induced by M. oryzae infection. We characterized the function of OsSCL7 in rice disease resistance. OsSCL7 was upregulated upon exposure to M. oryzae and pathogen‐associated molecular pattern treatments, and knocking out OsSCL7 resulted in decreased disease resistance of rice to M. oryzae. In contrast, overexpression of OsSCL7 could improve rice disease resistance to M. oryzae. OsSCL7 was mainly localized in the nucleus and showed transcriptional activity. OsSCL7 can interact with GF14c, a 14‐3‐3 protein, and loss‐of‐function GF14c leads to enhanced susceptibility to M. oryzae. Additionally, OsSCL7 protein levels were reduced in the gf14c mutant and knocking out OsSCL7 affected the expression of a series of defence‐related genes. Taken together, these findings uncover the important roles of OsSCL7 and GF14c in plant immunity and a potential mechanism by which plants fine‐tune immunity by regulating the protein stability of a GRAS protein via a 14‐3‐3 protein.