bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-laparoscopy to Treat Early Complications After Colorectal Surgery: Is There a Learning Curve?
Authors: Angeramo Cristian A. , Schlottmann Francisco , Laporte Mariano , Bun Maximiliano E. , Rotholtz Nicolas A. 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Laparoscopy for treating complications after laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS) is still controversial. Moreover, its learning curve has not been evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to analyze whether operative outcomes were influenced by the learning curve of re-laparoscopy.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing LCS and reoperated by a laparoscopic approach during the period 2000-2019 was performed. A cumulative sum analysis was done to determine the number of operations that must be performed to achieve a stable operative time. Based on this analysis, the cohort was divided in 3 groups. Demographics and operative variables were compared between groups.

Results:
From a total of 1911 patients undergoing LCS, 132 (7%) were included. Based on the cumulative sum analysis, the cohort was divided into the first 50 (G1), the following 52 (G2), and the last 30 (G3) patients. Less computed tomography scans were performed in G3 (G1: 72% vs. G2: 63% vs. G3: 43%; P=0.03). There were no differences in the type of operation performed between the groups. The conversion rate (G1: 18% vs. G2: 4% vs. G3: 3%; P=0.02) and the mean operative time (G1: 104 min vs. G2: 80 min vs. G3: 78 min; P=0.003) were higher in G1. Overall morbidity was lower in G3 (G1: 46% vs. G2: 63% vs. G3: 33%; P=0.01). Major morbidity, mortality, and mean length of stay remained similar in all groups.

Conclusions:
A total of 50 laparoscopic reoperations might be needed to achieve an appropriate learning curve with reduced operative time and lower conversion rates. Further research is needed to determine the learning process of re-laparoscopy for treating complications after colorectal surgery.
Linear Versus Circular Laparoscopic Gastrojejunal Anastomosis of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 22 Comparative Studies
Authors: Vitiello Antonio , Berardi Giovanna , Velotti Nunzio , Schiavone Vincenzo , Manetti Cristina , Musella Mario 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To compare the rate of complications of linear versus circular gastrojejunal anastomosis of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Methods:
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was carried out using the terms “laparoscopic,” “circular,” “linear,” “anastomosis,” “gastric bypass” in accordance to PRISMA guidelines. Only original articles in English language comparing linear versus circular anastomosis were included. No temporal interval was set. Outcome measures were wound infection, bleeding, marginal ulcer, leak, and stricture. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
2 statistic. Funnel plots were used to detect publication bias.

Results:
Twenty-two articles (7 prospective and 15 retrospective) out of 184 retrieved papers were included in this study. The pooled analysis showed a reduced odd of wound infection and bleeding after linear anastomosis. Likelihood of marginal ulcer, leak, and stricture was similar after the 2 techniques. Wound infection was reported in 15 studies (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.45; P=0.0003; I
2=91), bleeding in 9 (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34-0.59; P=0.00001; I
2=6) marginal ulcer in 11 (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.26-1.41; P=0.25; I
2=65), leaks in 15 (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.21-1.67; P=0.34; I
2=83) and stricture in 18 (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-1.00; P=0.05; I
2=68).

Conclusion:
Laparoscopic RYGB can be safely performed both with circular and linear staplers. Rates of wound infection and bleeding were significantly lower after linear gastrojejunal anastomosis.
The Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in people with HIV and the effects on the HIV Care Continuum
Authors: Lang Raynell , Hogan Brenna , Zhu Jiafeng , McArthur Kristen , Lee Jennifer , Zandi Peter , Nestadt Paul , Silverberg Michael J. , Parcesepe Angela M. , Cook Judith A. , Gill M. John , Grelotti David , Closson Kalysha , Lima Viviane D. , Goulet Joseph , Horberg Michael A. , Gebo Kelly A. , Camoens Reena M. , Rebeiro Peter F. , Nijhawan Ank E. , McGinnis Kathleen , Eron Joseph , Althoff Keri N. ,   the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of diagnosed depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia in people with HIV (PWH) and the differences in HIV care continuum outcomes in those with and without mental health disorders (MHD).DesignObservational study of participants in the NA-ACCORD.MethodsPWH (≥18 years) contributed data on prevalent schizophrenia, anxiety, depressive, and bipolar disorders from 2008-2018 based on ICD code mapping. MH multimorbidity was defined as having ≥ 2 MHD. Log binomial models with generalized estimating equations estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals for retention in care (≥ 1 visit/year) and viral suppression (HIV RNA ≤ 200 copies/mL) by presence vs. absence of each MHD between 2016-2018.ResultsAmong 122,896 PWH, 67,643 (55.1%) were diagnosed with ≥ 1 MHD: 39% with depressive disorders, 28% with anxiety disorders, 10% with bipolar disorder, and 5% with schizophrenia. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders increased between 2008-2018, while bipolar disorder and schizophrenia remained stable. MH multimorbidity affected 24% of PWH. From 2016-2018 (N=64,684), retention in care was marginally lower among PWH with depression or anxiety, however those with MH multimorbidity were more likely to be retained in care. PWH with bipolar disorder had marginally lower prevalence of viral suppression (aPR=0.98 [0.98-0.99]) as did PWH with MH multimorbidity (aPR=0.99 [0.99-1.00]) compared with PWH without MHD.ConclusionThe prevalence of MHD among PWH was high, including MH multimorbidity. Although retention and viral suppression were similar to people without MHD, viral suppression was lower in those with bipolar disorder and MH multimorbidity.
A Statistical Argument Against Vaccine Injury
Authors: Balayla Jacques 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVaccine hesitancy is a major threat to public health. While the root causes of vaccine hesitancy are numerous, they largely revolve around some form of perceived risk to the self. In particular, the unknown long-term risks are amongst the most frequently cited concerns. In this work, we show that regardless of their peak onset following vaccination, the incidence of adverse outcomes will follow some distributionf(x|µ, σ2) of mean onsetµ, and standard deviationσ, and varianceσ2. Despite the small proportion of events at the tails of these distributions, the large-scale public deployment of vaccines would imply that any signal for a given adverse outcome would be observed soon after distribution begins, even in cases wheretx< tµ−3σ. The absence of such an early signal, however low, would suggest that long term effects are unlikely and that vaccine safety is therefore likely. Indeed, when enough individuals have been exposed to a new therapy - even if the majority of adverse outcomes only manifest at a future timetµ, the number of adverse outcomes given by the cumulative density function (CDF) neart0+dt >0. Otherwise stated:We evoke the theory behind normal (Gaussian) and skew-normal distributions and use Chebyshev’s Theorem to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine data as an example. The findings of this study are not vaccine-specific and can be applied to assess the health effects of the mass distribution of any good, treatment or policy at large.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 derived from mRNA-lipid nanoparticle-immunized mice
Authors: Lu Ruei-Min , Liang Kang-Hao , Chiang Hsiao-Ling , Hsu Fu-Fei , Lin Hsiu-Ting , Chen Wan-Yu , Ke Feng-Yi , Kumari Monika , Chou Yu-Chi , Wu Han-Chung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten human health worldwide, as new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged. Currently, the predominant circulating strains around the world are Omicron variants, which can evade many therapeutic antibodies. Thus, the development of new broadly neutralizing antibodies remains an urgent need. In this work, we address this need by using the mRNA-lipid nanoparticle immunization method to generate a set of Omicron-targeting monoclonal antibodies. Five of our novel K-RBD-mAbs show strong binding and neutralizing activities toward all SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron). Notably, the epitopes of these five K-RBD-mAbs are overlapping and localized around K417 and F486 of the spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). Chimeric derivatives of the five antibodies (K-RBD-chAbs) neutralize Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 with low IC50 values that range from 5.7 to 12.9 ng/mL. Additionally, we performed antibody humanization on a broadly neutralizing chimeric antibody to create K-RBD-hAb-62, which still retains excellent neutralizing activity against Omicron. Our results collectively suggest that these five therapeutic antibodies may effectively combat current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. Therefore, the antibodies can potentially be used as universal neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
Effects of multiple-dose intranasal oxytocin treatment on social responsiveness in children with autism: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Daniels Nicky , Moerkerke Matthijs , Steyaert Jean , Bamps Annelies , Debbaut Edward , Prinsen Jellina , Tang Tiffany , Van der Donck Stephanie , Boets Bart , Alaerts Kaat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, intranasal administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin is increasingly explored as a new treatment for reducing the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The efficacy of continual oxytocin treatment in school-aged children with ASD is, however, not well established. Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel design, the current trial explored the effects of four weeks of intranasal oxytocin treatment (12 IU, twice daily) on social functioning in pre-pubertal school-aged children (aged 8-12 years, 61 boys, 16 girls). The double-blind phase was followed by a four-week single-blind extension phase during which all participants received intranasal oxytocin. In the double-blind phase, no treatment-specific effects were identified in the primary outcome assessing social functioning (parent-rated Social Responsiveness Scale), as well as on secondary outcomes assessing repetitive behaviors, anxiety, and attachment. Exploratory moderator analyses revealed that children who received the oxytocin treatment in combination with concomitant psychosocial treatment displayed a greater benefit than those who received psychosocial treatment or oxytocin alone. A modulating effect of parents’ beliefs about allocated treatment was also identified, indicating that parents who believed their child assigned to the active treatment reported greater benefit than those who believed their child received placebo, particularly in the actual oxytocin group. Finally, participants who were allocated to receive the placebo treatment during the double-blind phase of the trial and later crossed-over to receive the active treatment during the single-blind extension phase, displayed a significant within-group improvement in social responsiveness, over and above the placebo-induced improvements noted in the first phase. While no overall treatment-specific improvements were identified, our results provide important indications that clinical efficacy can be augmented when oxytocin administration is paired with targeted psychosocial interventions that similarly stimulate socio-communicative behaviors. Future trials are urged to further elucidate the potential of embedding oxytocin treatment within a socially stimulating context.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic nuclease 1 drives genomic evolution contributing to chemoresistance and tumorigenesis in solid tumor
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Zhao Jiangning , Talluri Srikanth , Buon Leutz , Mu Shidai , Potluri Bhavani , Liao Chengcheng , Shi Jialan , Chakraborty Chandraditya , Gonzalez Gabriel B. , Tai Yu-Tzu , Patel Jaymin , Pal Jagannath , Mashimo Hiroshi , Samur Mehmet K. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Shammas Masood A. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTGenomic instability fuels genomic alterations that befit cancer cells with necessary adaptations to keep proliferating and overcome the impact of host anti-tumor immunity and cytotoxic therapy. Since DNA breaks are required for genomic rearrangements to take place, we hypothesized that dysregulated nuclease activity mediates genomic instability in cancer. Using an integrated genomics protocol, we identified a four gene deoxyribonuclease signature correlating with genomic instability in six human cancers which included adenocarcinomas of esophagus (EAC), lung, prostate, stomach, pancreas and triple negative breast cancer. Functional screens confirmed the role of these nucleases in genomic instability and growth of cancer cells. Apurinic/apyrimidinic nuclease 1 (APE1), identified as top nuclease in functional screen, was further investigated in five cell lines representing four solid tumors (EAC, lung, prostate and breast cancer). We demonstrate that chemical as well as transgenic suppression of APE1 impaired growth/colony formation and increased cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent, whereas inhibited spontaneous as well as chemotherapy-induced DNA breaks, homologous recombination (HR) activity and genomic instability in all cancer cell types tested. Treatment with APE1 inhibitor also impaired tumor growth and significantly increased efficacy of a chemotherapeutic agent in a subcutaneous mouse model of EAC. Overexpression of APE1 in normal esophageal epithelial cells increased DNA breaks and HR activity, leading to massive mutational, copy number as well as karyotypic instability. Evaluation of by whole genome sequencing identified HR as the top mutational process activated by APE1. Normal cells overexpressing APE1 grew as tumors in mice and tumors removed from mice displayed additional karyotypic changes, providing evidence of genomic instability in vivo. Overall, our data demonstrate that elevated APE1 dysregulates HR activity, G2/M checkpoint and genome stability thus contributing to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in cancer. Therefore, inhibitors of APE1 have potential to inhibit growth and increase cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents while minimizing spontaneous as well as chemotherapy-induced genomic damage and instability in EAC and other solid tumors.
Omics of an enigmatic marine amoeba uncovers unprecedented giant viruses gene trafficking and provides insights into its complex life cycle
Authors: Tekle Yonas I. , Tran Hanh , Wang Fang , Singla Mandakini , Udu Isimeme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmoebozoa include lineages of diverse ecology, behavior and morphology. They are assumed to encompass members with the largest genome sizes of all living things, yet genomic studies in the group are limited. Trichosphaerium, a polymorphic, multinucleate, marine amoeba with a complicated life cycle has puzzled experts in the field for over a century. In an effort to explore the genomic diversity, and investigate extraordinary behavior observed among the Amoebozoa, we used integrated omics approaches to study this enigmatic marine amoeba. Omics data, including single-cell transcriptomics and cytological data, demonstrate that Trichosphaerium sp. possesses the complete meiosis toolkit genes. These genes are expressed in life stages of the amoeba including medium and large cells. The life cycle of Trichosphaerium sp. involves asexual processes via binary fission and multiple fragmentation of giant cells, and sexual-like processes involving genes implicated in sexual reproduction and polyploidization. These findings are in stark contrast to a life cycle previously reported for this amoeba. Despite the extreme morphological plasticity observed in Trichosphaerium, our genomic data showed populations maintain a species-level intragenomic variation. A draft genome of Trichosphaerium indicates elevated lateral gene transfer (LGT) from bacteria and giant viruses. Gene trafficking in Trichosphaerium is the highest within Amoebozoa, and among the highest in microbial eukaryotes.Significance statementAmoebozoa include various genome complexities and life cycles, however, the genomes of the vast diversity of amoebozoans remains unexplored. In this study an integrated omics approach is used to investigate the genome and life cycle of Trichophaerium, an enigmatic polymorphic marine amoeba. We uncovered elevated gene trafficking from giant viruses and presence of the complete meiosis gene toolkit. Despite the observed large morphological plasticity, the population of Trichophaerium maintains intragenomic variation of a species level.
JiangShi: a widely distributed Mucin-like protein essential for Drosophila development
Authors: Huang Yueping , Li LingLing , Rong Yikang S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEpithelia exposed to elements of the environment are protected by a mucus barrier in mammals. This barrier also serves to lubricate during organ movements and to mediate substance exchanges between the environmental milieu and internal organs. A major component of the mucus barrier is a class of glycosylated proteins called Mucin. Mucin and mucin-related proteins are widely present in the animal kingdom. Mucin mis-regulation has been reported in many diseases such as cancers and ones involving the digestive and respiratory tracts. Although the biophysical properties of isolated Mucins have been extensively studied, in vivo models remain scarce for the study of their functions and regulations. Here we characterize the Mucin-like JiangShi (JS) protein and its mutations in the fruit fly Drosophila. JS is an extracellular glycoprotein with domain features reminiscent of mammalian non-membranous Mucins, and one of the most widely distributed Mucin-like proteins studied in Drosophila. Both loss and over-production of JS lead to terminal defects in adult structures and organismal death. Although the physiological function of JS remains poorly defined, we present a genetically tractable model system for the in vivo studies of Mucin-like molecules.
Adaptive plasticity in the healthy reading network investigated through combined neurostimulation and neuroimaging
Authors: Turker S. , Kuhnke P. , Schmid F. R. , Cheung V. K. M. , Zeidler B. , Seidel K. , Eckert L. , Hartwigsen G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe reading network in the human brain comprises several regions, including the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOTC) and dorsal temporo-parietal cortex (TPC). The left TPC is crucial for phonological decoding, i.e., for learning and retaining sound-letter mappings. Here, we tested the causal contribution of this area for reading with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and explored the response of the reading network using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 28 healthy adult readers overtly read simple and complex words and pseudowords during fMRI after effective or sham TMS over the left TPC. Behaviorally, effective stimulation slowed pseudoword reading. A multivariate pattern analysis showed a shift in activity patterns in the left IFC for pseudoword reading after effective relative to sham TMS. Furthermore, active TMS led to increased effective connectivity from the left vOTC to the left TPC, specifically for pseudoword processing. The observed changes in task-related activity and connectivity suggest compensatory reorganization in the reading network following TMS-induced disruption of the left TPC. Our findings provide first evidence for a causal role of the left TPC for overt pseudoword reading and emphasize the relevance of functional interactions in the healthy reading network for successful pseudoword processing.
Brain network integration, flexibility and quasicyclicity during task and rest
Authors: Fransson Peter , Strindberg Marika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that a re-organization of the brain’s functional connectome expressed in terms of integration and segregation may play a pivotal role. However, it has been proven difficult to capture both processes within a single network-based framework. In this study we apply a hierarchical, spatiotemporally flexible network perspective onto fMRI data to track changes in integration and segregation in time. Our results show that network integration and segregation occur simultaneously in the brain. During task performance, global changes in synchronization between networks arise which are tied to the underlying temporal design of the experiment. We show that a hallmark property of the dynamics of the brain’s functional connectome is a presence of quasiperiodic patterns of network activation and deactivation, which during task performance becomes intertwined with the underlying temporal structure of the experimental paradigm. The proposed approach to study spatiotemporal changes in network reconfiguration during rest as well as task performance could be useful to identify aberrant network motifs in disease.
Src42A is required for E-cadherin dynamics at cell junctions during Drosophila axis elongation
Authors: Chandran L. , Backer W. , Beati H.B. , Kong D. , Luschnig S. , Müller H.-Arno J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSrc kinases are important regulators of cell adhesion. Here we explored the function of Src42A in junction remodelling during Drosophila gastrulation. Src42A is required for tyrosine phosphorylation at bicellular and tricellular junctions in germband cells and localizes to hotspots of mechanical tension. The role of Src42A was investigated using maternal RNAi and by CRISPR-Cas9-induced germline mosaics. We find that during cell intercalations, Src42A is required for the contraction of junctions at anterior-posterior cell interfaces. The planar polarity of E-cadherin is compromised and E-cadherin accumulates at tricellular junctions after Src42A knock down. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Src42A acts in parallel to Abl, which has also been implicated in cell intercalations. Our data suggest that Src42A is involved in two related processes, one affecting tension generated by the planar polarity of MyoII and secondly, it can act as a signalling factor at tAJs in controlling E-cadherin residence time.