bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Resonant Leaky Edge States in Simple Topological Photonic Lattices
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Magnusson Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe properties of topological edge states of resonant photonic lattices are reported. The canonical 1D lattice embodies all chief qualities necessary for a complete comprehension of the variety of fundamental physical processes at play. Radiating topological edge states are understood in terms of leaky‐mode resonance stimulated by counter‐propagating Bloch modes. As a free‐space electromagnetic wave illuminates the junction between band‐flipped photonic lattices, quasi‐leaky resonant light is localized at the interface, which embodies the characteristics of the closed‐band state of the composite lattice. Rigorous numerical examples with Ge/ZnSe‐based lattices with a finite number of periods and having homogeneous sublayers illustrate the resonance properties of the constituent lattices, the band‐closed lattice, and the composite lattice hosting the radiant edge state. The topological interface is seen to radiate effectively near the wavelength where the band closes. With the insight gained from the 1D analysis, a representative 2D lattice is similarly treated. As orthogonal leaky modes are supported by 2D lattices, the interface‐bound energy flow picture is more intriguing. Thus, lateral TE and TM modes can be excited to run along the topological interface or normal to it. Versatile power flow, energy density, and radiation characteristics are then available at the 2D topological interface.
Exploration of autonomic regulation reflecting on pathophysiological change of sepsis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Nakashima Ryuta , Inagaki Nobuhiro , Kasaoka Shunji 
Published: August 2022

AimIt remains unclear how autonomic regulation modulates pathophysiological changes of sepsis. This study aims to analyze and clarify those in patients with suspected sepsis.MethodsIn this single‐centered, prospective, observational study, adult patients who had an infection, a quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 2 or more at the emergency department, and underwent intensive care were screened. Heart rate variability (HRV) and serum adrenaline were measured immediately after arrival. The primary outcome was defined as vasopressor dependence during 48 h after arrival.ResultsA total of 63 patients were included. All the patients had SOFA score of 2 or more on admission. Vasopressor dependence, renal replacement therapy, and in‐hospital mortality were associated with higher adrenaline (which reflects sympathetic adrenergic system activity). Bacteremia was associated with lower high‐frequency components of HRV (parasympathetic nerve activity). The HRV parameter of sympathetic nerve activity had no significant association with the outcomes. In the multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex, vasopressor dependence remained associated with higher adrenaline (cut‐off 0.11 ng/mL, odds ratio 9.71, 95% confidence interval 2.55–37; P = 0.000874), and lower high‐frequency components with bacteremia (17.2 ms2, odds ratio 4.86, 95% confidence interval 1.36–17.4; P = 0.0152). There were no significant correlations between parameters of HRV and serum adrenaline.ConclusionHypoperfusion, organ dysfunction, and in‐hospital mortality were associated with an increased sympathetic adrenergic activity. Bacteremia was associated with decreased parasympathetic nerve activity. The autonomic regulator may involve a multilayered and differentiated modulating process for sepsis.
Increased Phospho‐AKT in Blood Cells from LRRK2 G2019S Mutation Carriers
Authors: Garrido Alicia , Pérez‐Sisqués Leticia , Simonet Cristina , Campoy‐Campos Genís , Solana‐Balaguer Júlia , Martín‐Flores Núria , Fernández Manel , Soto Marta , Obiang Donina , Cámara Ana , Valldeoriola Francesc , Muñoz Esteban , Compta Yaroslau , Pérez‐Navarro Esther , Alberch Jordi , Tolosa Eduardo , Martí María‐José , Ezquerra Mario , Malagelada Cristina , Fernández‐Santiago Rubén 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether  differential phosphorylation states of blood markers can identify patients with LRRK2 Parkinson's disease (PD). We assessed phospho(P)‐Ser‐935‐LRRK2 and P‐Ser‐473‐AKT levels in peripheral blood cells from patients with G2019S LRRK2‐associated PD (L2PD, n = 31), G2019S LRRK2 non‐manifesting carriers (L2NMC, n = 26), idiopathic PD (iPD, n = 25), and controls (n = 40, total n = 122). We found no differences at P‐Ser‐935‐LRRK2 between groups but detected a specific increase of P‐Ser‐473‐AKT levels in all G2019S carriers, either L2PD or L2NMC, absent in iPD. Although insensitive to LRRK2 inhibition, our study identifies P‐Ser‐473‐AKT as an endogenous candidate biomarker for peripheral inflammation in G2019S carriers using accessible blood cells. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:888–894
Direction‐Reversible Accelerated Beam Generation Based on Metasurfaces
Authors: Lu Peiyao , Zhou Changda , Xu Jilian , Yue Zhiyuan , Li Zhong , Teng Shuyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccelerated beams have many applications because of their remarkable ability to propagate along curved trajectories. An accelerated beam with a non‐monotonic trajectory provides more beam deformability and trajectory concealment. This paper proposes direction‐reversible accelerated beam generation on nanometer scale based on metasurfaces. The non‐monotonic trajectory of the beam can be obtained by designing the geometric metasurface, while the curvature of the light trajectory can be adjusted by changing the angles of rectangular nanoholes. A theoretical expression for the modified wavefront of the proposed beam is deduced, and simulation and experiment results confirm the performance of the metasurface for generating a direction‐reversible accelerated beam. Discussions on the self‐healing of the accelerated beam and the influence of incident conditions on the curve trajectory show the trajectory controllability of the accelerated beam during the propagation. This work paves one way for tailoring the accelerated fields with complex trajectories, and it is helpful to expand the applications of accelerated beams.
Modular Construction of a Tessellated Octahedron, its Hierarchical Spherical Aggregate Behavior, and Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Activity
Authors: Wang Guotao , Yang Yunna , Liu Hui , Chen Mingzhao , Jiang Zhiyuan , Bai Qixia , Yuan Jie , Jiang Zhilong , Li Yiming , Wang Pingshan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoordination‐driven self‐assembly has led to the formation of various aesthetical polyhedrons and compounds with advanced functions. Whereas two‐dimensional supramolecules with complex and giant skeletons are plentiful, the constructions of polyhedrons are limited by using basic polygons as the panels. Herein, we report the modular synthesis of a tessellated triangle and tessellated octahedron with metal‐organic modules as the panels and formed via template‐driven self‐assembly. These architectures have diameters on the order of 10.9 nm and molecular weights greater than 84 kDa. Interestingly, fiber and spherical‐like nanostructures could be formed from the tessellated triangles and octahedrons, respectively, through hierarchical self‐assembly. In addition, after hybridization with carbon nanotubes, the supramolecules exhibit electrochemical reduction activity for CO2 to CO.
Thermal stability of gamma irradiated ethylene propylene diene monomer composites for shielding applications
Authors: Barala Surendra Singh , Manda Vikram , Jodha Ajay Singh , C Ajay , Gopalani Deepak 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of gamma‐irradiation on the ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) based composites, loaded with tungsten and barium sulfate were investigated for radiation resistance properties. The tungsten and barium sulfate fillers were added in different proportion (wt%) to EPDM matrix and prepared using compression molding technique. The developed EPDM composites were exposed to 60Co gamma radiation doses from 0 to 400 kGy. The swelling index of the composites were studied for the irradiated samples and found to decrease with higher gamma doses. Tensile characterization was also carried out and elongation at break, tensile strength and modulus at 100% elongation have been determined for gamma irradiated EPDM based composites. Tensile properties were modified in the irradiated samples and elongation at break is decreased whereas the modulus increases as a function of gamma dose due to increases in crosslinking after irradiation. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed and observed improvement in thermal stability of gamma irradiated EPDM composites.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Parallel‐Group Trial on the Effects of Temporary Methotrexate Discontinuation for One Week Versus Two Weeks on Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Park Jin Kyun , Lee Yun Jong , Shin Kichul , Kang Eun Ha , Ha You‐Jung , Park Jun Won , Kim Min Jung , Kim Mi Hyeon , Choi Se Rim , Jung Youjin , Lee Ju Ho , In Jung Ji , Kim Ju Yeon , Winthrop Kevin L. , Lee Eun Bong 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThis clinical trial was conducted to investigate whether discontinuing methotrexate (MTX) for 1 week after seasonal influenza vaccination is noninferior to discontinuing for 2 weeks after vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIn this multicenter, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group noninferiority trial, RA patients receiving a stable dose of MTX were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to discontinue MTX for 1 week or for 2 weeks after they received the quadrivalent 2021–2022 seasonal influenza vaccine containing H1N1, H3N2, B/Yamagata, and B/Victoria strains. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients with a satisfactory vaccine response, which was defined as ≥4‐fold increase in antibody titers, as determined with the hemagglutination inhibition assay, against ≥2 of the 4 vaccine strains at 4 weeks after vaccination.ResultsThe modified intent‐to‐treat population included 90 patients in the 1‐week MTX hold group and 88 patients in the 2‐week MTX hold group. The mean ± SD MTX doses were 12.6 ± 3.4 mg/week in the 1‐week MTX hold group and 12.9 ± 3.3 mg/week in the 2‐week MTX hold group. The proportion of satisfactory vaccine responses did not differ between the groups (68.9% versus 75.0%; P = 0.364). The rate of seroprotection and the fold increase in antibody titers for each of the 4 influenza antigens were similar between the groups.ConclusionA temporary discontinuation of MTX for 1 week after vaccination was noninferior to a discontinuation of MTX for 2 weeks after vaccination, regarding induction of a satisfactory vaccine response to a seasonal influenza vaccine in patients with RA receiving a stable dose of MTX.image
“Death of social encounters”: InvestigatingCOVID‐19's initial impact on virtual reference services in academic libraries
Authors: Radford Marie L. , Costello Laura , Montague Kaitlin E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis investigation explores the initial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on live chat virtual reference services (VRS) in academic libraries and on user behaviors from March to December 2020 using Goffman's theoretical framework (1956, 1967, 1971). Data from 300 responses by academic librarians to two longitudinal online surveys and 28 semi‐structured interviews were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Results revealed that academic librarians were well‐positioned to provide VRS as university information hubs during pandemic shutdowns. Qualitative analysis revealed that participants received gratitude for VRS help, but also experienced frustrations and angst with limited accessibility during COVID‐19. Participants reported changes including VRS volume, level of complexity, and question topics. Results reveal the range and frequency of new services with librarians striving to make personal connections with users through VRS, video consultations, video chat, and other strategies. Participants found it difficult to maintain these connections, coping through grit and mutual support when remote work became necessary. They adapted to challenges, including isolation, technology learning curves, and disrupted work routines. Librarians' responses chronicle their innovative approaches, fierce determination, emotional labor, and dedication to helping users and colleagues through this unprecedented time. Results have vital implications for the future of VRS.
Further evaluation of general and descriptive praise statements on the acquisition of tacts
Authors: Cortes Adrian , Wiskow Katie M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPraise is a consequence that many practitioners use in teaching settings and descriptive praise is often recommended. However, research on descriptive praise has not reliably resulted in faster acquisition compared to general praise. Delivering short praise statements may increase the effectiveness of descriptive praise by only presenting the relevant feature of the feedback (i.e., the target). In the present study, we evaluated general, descriptive, and general plus descriptive praise statements on acquisition of tacts via telehealth with two typically developing toddlers. Results showed that the number of sessions to criterion was similar in all conditions for both participants, which suggests that the contents of praise did not influence learning. This study also builds on the research of praise through the preliminary use of telehealth with toddlers.
Recent advances in nanomaterials‐based optical sensors for detection of various biomarkers (inorganic species, organic and biomolecules)
Authors: Harshita  , Wu Hui‐Fen , Kailasa Suresh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review briefly emphasizes the different detection approaches (electrochemical sensors, chemiluminescence, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering), functional nanostructure materials (quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, magnetic nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer‐based nanomaterials, and carbonaceous nanomaterials) and detection mechanisms. Furthermore, the emphasis of this review is on the integration of functional nanomaterials with optical spectroscopic techniques for the identification of various biomarkers (nucleic acids, glucose, uric acid, oxytocin, dopamine, ascorbic acid, bilirubin, spermine, serotonin, thiocyanate, Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, F−, peptides), and cancer biomarkers (mucin 1, prostate specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA15‐3, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, C‐reactive protein, and interleukin‐6). Analytical characteristics of nanomaterials‐based optical sensors are summarized in the tables, providing the insights of nanomaterials‐based optical sensors for biomarkers detection. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of nanomaterials‐based optical analytical approaches for the detection of various biomarkers (inorganic, organic, biomolecules, peptides and proteins) are discussed.
Knowledge mapping of 4D printing technologies in computer engineering
Authors: Lamba Yogveer S. , Sood Sandeep K. , Rawat Keshav S. , Chopra Mayank , Singh Ashutosh K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFour‐dimensional (4D) printing has received an amplified consideration in the research community for fabrication and manufacturing in industry, medical field, and smart flood management. Disruptive technologies such as Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and 4D printing are highly recommended during disaster management activities. The 4D printing technology is an evolving field that is an advancement of three‐dimensional printing technologies in which the materials are programmed to change shape over time responding to external stimulus without human intervention, thereby adding a fourth dimension. The technology had a great impact during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and flood management activities. This paper, with the aim of a scientometric review, recognizes the recent research hotspots, trends, and worldwide scope of 4D printing for the period of 2007–2021. The bibliographic data fetched from the Scopus in comma‐separated values format is used in the study for extracting the masked information by discussing the in‐depth visualization of the attributes of the index documents. The study examines the growth of publications, subject categorizations, global distributions, citation analysis, and the influence of the institutions and authors using the bibliographic data. VOSviewer, a java‐based tool, is used to study the keyword co‐occurrence, which yields hotspots and emerging trends in the various applications of 4D printing, including smart flood management. This study provides the implementation, latest trends, and universal research topography over the past decade, which assists to recognize primitive research and also provides supervision for the upcoming research.
Alternative Electron Donors for the Nitrogenase‐like Dark‐Operative Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase (DPOR)
Authors: Bedendi Giada , Kulkarni Amogh , Maroni Plinio , Milton Ross D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSharing structural and mechanistic properties with the dinitrogen‐fixing enzyme nitrogenase, dark‐operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR) participates in the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll, subsequently enabling photosynthesis by photosynthetic bacteria. In contrast to the light‐dependent POR, electron transfer in DPOR is coupled to the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate for the two‐electron stereoselective reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide), a coupling also employed by nitrogenases for the multielectron reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia. The importance of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis is not fully understood for these enzymes, and electrochemistry is a valuable technique to regulate and/or monitor electron delivery to these enzymes. Here, we report three alternative electron donors that support protochlorophyllide reduction in the DPOR system, which could also enable electroenzymatic studies of DPOR. We demonstrate the turnover of DPOR within a spectroelectrochemical configuration, permitting the formation of Chlide to be followed and coupled to electron utilization by DPOR.
A methodology for assessing computation/communication overlap of MPI nonblocking collectives
Authors: Denis Alexandre , Jaeger Julien , Jeannot Emmanuel , Reynier Florian 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBy allowing computation/communication overlap, MPI nonblocking collectives (NBC) are supposed to improve application scalability and performance. However, it is known that to actually get overlap, the MPI library has to implement progression mechanisms in software or rely on the network hardware. These mechanisms may be present or not, adequate or perfectible, they may have an impact on communication performance or may interfere with computation by stealing CPU cycles. From a user point of view, assessing and understanding the behavior of an MPI library concerning computation/communication overlap is difficult. In this article, we propose a methodology to assess the computation/communication overlap of NBC. We propose new metrics to measure how much communication and computation do overlap, and to evaluate how they interfere with each other. We integrate these metrics into a complete methodology. We compare our methodology with state of the art metrics and benchmarks, and show that ours provides more meaningful informations. We perform experiments on a large panel of MPI implementations and network hardware and show when and why overlap is efficient, nonexistent or even degrades performance.
Structural Analysis of the Spike Protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 Variants and Other Betacoronaviruses Using Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Bolivar‐Muñoz Jonathan , Vits Sofia , Bermudez‐Santana Clara Isabel , Galindo Johan Fabian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA structural analysis over various spike proteins from three highly pathogenic Betacoronavirus was done to understand their structural differences. The proteins were modeled using crystal structures from SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and other Betacoronavirus that infect bats and pangolins. The group was split in two sets; the first set corresponds to the non‐mutated spike proteins, while the second set corresponds to mutated spike variants alpha, beta, gamma, delta, omicron and mu; five of them classified as variants of concern and the last one as variant of interest. A conformational space exploration was carried out for every protein by using molecular dynamic simulations. Root mean square fluctuations, principal component and cross‐correlation analysis were carried out over the dynamics to analyze the flexibility and rigidity of every protein in comparison to the wild type Spike protein from the SARS‐CoV‐2. The obtained results indicate that the proteins, which are not spread among humans, have smooth movements compared to those of SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants. In addition, a relationship between the speed of the virulence and the movement of the protein can explain the behavior of delta and omicron variants.
A case of osteoclastic variant of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Diagnostic and prognostic marker studies by cytology
Authors: Bantumilli Surekha , Zhu Lee‐Ching , Sakthivel Muthukumar , Dodd Leslie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma is an infrequent, but aggressive fatal subtype of thyroid cancer. The osteoclastic variant of anaplastic carcinoma is a rare subtype of anaplastic carcinoma with rare cases reported in the literature. Molecular targeted therapies have emerged for the anaplastic carcinoma, necessitating accurate pathologic diagnosis with additional ancillary testing for directing clinical management. We present here the cytological diagnosis of an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma—osteoclastic variant on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), with emphasis on the novelty of utilizing the least invasive procedure (aspiration cytology) for rendering pathological diagnosis as well as identifying potential prognostic markers for targeted immunotherapy.
Phenological segregation suggests speciation by time in the planktonic diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia allochrona sp. nov.
Authors: Percopo Isabella , Ruggiero Maria Valeria , Sarno Diana , Longobardi Lorenzo , Rossi Rachele , Piredda Roberta , Zingone Adriana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe processes leading to the emergence of new species are poorly understood in marine plankton, where weak physical barriers and homogeneous environmental conditions limit spatial and ecological segregation. Here, we combine molecular and ecological information from a long‐term time series and propose Pseudo‐nitzschia allochrona, a new cryptic planktonic diatom, as a possible case of speciation by temporal segregation. The new species differs in several genetic markers (18S, 28S and ITS rDNA fragments and rbcL) from its closest relatives, which are morphologically very similar or identical, and is reproductively isolated from its sibling species P. arenysensis. Data from a long‐term plankton time series show P. allochrona invariably occurring in summer–autumn in the Gulf of Naples, where its closely related species P. arenysensis, P. delicatissima, and P. dolorosa are instead found in winter–spring. Temperature and nutrients are the main factors associated with the occurrence of P. allochrona, which could have evolved in sympatry by switching its phenology and occupying a new ecological niche. This case of possible speciation by time shows the relevance of combining ecological time series with molecular information to shed light on the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of marine microorganisms.