bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists and Ustekinumab in Postoperative Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Pan Yushan , Ahmed Waseem , Mahtani Prerna , Wong Rochelle , Longman Randy , Jeremy Lukin Dana , Scherl Ellen J , Battat Robert 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
In postoperative Crohn’s disease (POCD), data are lacking on relationships between serum biologic concentrations and treatment outcomes. We assessed if established threshold concentrations of infliximab (IFX), adalimumab (ADA), and ustekinumab (UST) impact outcomes in POCD.

Methods
Data were extracted from POCD patients with serum biologic concentration measurements using Weill Cornell Medicine biobanks. The primary outcome compared rates of deep remission (achieving both objective [endoscopic or biomarker] and clinical [Harvey-Bradshaw index or Crohn’s Disease Patient Reported Outcome-2] remission), using established serum drug level cutoffs of IFX ≥3 µg/mL, ADA ≥7.5 µg/mL, and UST ≥4.5 µg/mL.

Results
In 130 patients, median IFX, ADA, and UST concentrations were 10 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.9-26.9) µg/mL, 10.5 (IQR, 4.9-14.9) µg/mL, and 6.9 (IQR, 5.1-10.2) µg/mL, respectively. In patients with IFX ≥3 µg/mL, higher rates of deep remission (39% vs 0%; P = .02) existed compared with those with IFX &lt;3 µg/mL. Similar differences existed for clinical (44% vs 9%; P = .04) and objective (83% vs 62%; P = .1) remission. In patients with ADA ≥7.5 µg/mL, rates of deep (42% vs 0%; P = .02), clinical (42% vs 0%; P = .02), and objective (88% vs 40%; P = .007) remission were higher than patients with lower concentrations. For UST, rates of deep (28% vs 17%; P = 1.0), clinical (33% vs 33%; P = 1.0), and objective (70% vs 67%; P = 1.0) remission were similar between patients regardless of drug concentration.

Conclusions
In POCD, established anti-tumor necrosis factor concentrations were associated with improved outcomes. No relationship between UST concentrations and postoperative outcomes existed.
Multi-method approach shows stock structure inLoligo forbesiisquid
Authors: Sheerin Edel , Barnwall Leigh , Abad Esther , Larivain Angela , Oesterwind Daniel , Petroni Michael , Perales-Raya Catalina , Robin Jean-Paul , Sobrino Ignacio , Valeiras Julio , O'Meara Denise , Pierce Graham J , Allcock A Louise , Power Anne Marie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractKnowledge of stock structure is a priority for effective assessment of commercially-fished cephalopods. Loligo forbesii squid are thought to migrate inshore for breeding and offshore for feeding and long-range movements are implied from past studies showing genetic homogeneity in the entire neritic population. Only offshore populations (Faroe and Rockall Bank) were considered distinct. The present study applied mitchondrial and microsatellite markers (nine loci) to samples from Rockall Bank, north Scotland, North Sea, various shelf locations in Ireland, English Channel, northern Bay of Biscay, north Spain, and Bay of Cadiz. No statistically significant genetic sub-structure was found, although some non-significant trends involving Rockall were seen using microsatellite markers. Differences in L. forbesii statolith shape were apparent at a subset of locations, with most locations showing pairwise differences and statoliths from north Ireland being highly distinct. This suggests that (i) statolith shape is highly sensitive to local conditions and (ii) L. forbesii forms distinguishable groups (based on shape statistics), maintaining these groups over sufficiently long periods for local conditions to affect the shape of the statolith. Overall evidence suggests that L. forbesii forms separable (ecological) groups over short timescales with a semi-isolated breeding group at Rockall whose distinctiveness varies over time.
Validation of the CompactDry “Nissui” YMR for Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in a Variety of Foods: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 092002
Authors: Mizuochi Shingo , Betts Gail 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The CompactDry “Nissui” YMR is a ready-to-use dry media sheet using a chromogenic medium with selective agents for the detection and enumeration of yeasts and molds in products after incubation at 25 ± 1°C for 3 days.

Objective
The CompactDry “Nissui” YMR method was validated in order to achieve AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM certification.

Method
The performance of the CompactDry “Nissui” YMR was compared to that of ISO 21527-1:2008 for 10 matrixes including cooked prawns, deli vegetable salad, tuna pâté, fermented yogurt drink, spinach and ricotta quiche, egg custard tarts, fruit and vegetable smoothie, cream cheese, egg salad sandwich, and deli pasta salad. Performance indicators included repeatability, difference of means (DOM), and inclusivity/exclusivity.

Results
After log10 transformation of the data, the relative standard deviation of repeatability (RSDr) was &lt;10% for all 30 materials (10 matrixes each at 3 levels) analyzed by the CompactDry “Nissui” YMR method and for 29 of the 30 matrix/level combinations analyzed by the reference method. The DOM ranged from −0.284 (−0.310, −0.257) log10 CFU/g to 0.307 (−0.013, 0.627) log10 CFU/g. Method equivalence was demonstrated in 29 of the 30 matrix/level combinations based on the 90% confidence interval of the DOM being within (–0.5, 0.5). All 51 inclusivity strains showed expected or atypical results, and all 32 exclusivity organisms showed no growth on the medium. The method was shown to be robust to changes in sample volume, incubation temperature, and incubation time, and data are presented supporting product consistency and a 24-month shelf life.

Conclusions
The CompactDry “Nissui” YMR method is validated for the determination of yeasts and molds in a variety of matrixes.

Highlights
The CompactDry “Nissui” YMR method is equivalent to the ISO 21527-1:2008 reference method and is suitable for Performance Tested MethodsSM certification for the matrixes tested.
Independent Study for the Detectx Combined Assay for the Detection of Aspergillus, Salmonella, and STEC (stx1 and/or 2) in Dried Cannabis Flower and Dried Hemp Flower: Level 3 Modification Study 012201
Authors: Katchman Benjamin A , Tomchaney Michael , Bueschel Dawn , Ulrich Peaches , Freeman Shayla , O’Brian Kevin , Eggers Rick , May Melissa , Hogan Mike , Thompson Wesley , Benzinger M Joseph , Bastin Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The PathogenDx family of assays uses microarray technology to simultaneously detect the presence of bacterial and fungal pathogens in food products, environmental surfaces, and cannabis products.

Objective
The Detectx Combined assay was validated for the detection of Aspergillus, (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus), Salmonella, and a broad range of STEC (stx1 and/or 2) species. The validation consisted of two matrix studies in dried hemp flower and dried cannabis flower (&gt;0.3% delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol) flower, product consistency, stability, robustness, and inclusivity and exclusivity for two targets: Aspergillus and STEC.

Method
The PathogenDx Detectx Combined assay was evaluated with 30 replicates in each matrix and confirmed according to the instructions outlined in this study.

Results
Results of the validation study met the requirements of AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2020.002 and 2020.012. In the inclusivity and exclusivity study, all target isolates (Aspergillus and STEC) were correctly detected. For the exclusivity study, 26 out of 30 Aspergillus and 30 out of 30 STEC non-target strains were correctly excluded. In the matrix study, the PathogenDx Detectx Combined assay showed no significant statistical differences between confirmed results for dried hemp and cannabis flower. Robustness testing indicated that small changes to the method parameters did not impact the performance of the assay. Stability and consistency studies verified that the assay’s shelf-life claims were appropriate, and manufacturing of the assay was consistent.

Conclusions
The validation study indicated that the PathogenDx DetectX Combined assay was successful in detection of the new target analytes (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus and STEC containing stx1 and/or 2) and could successfully recover these organisms and Salmonella from dried hemp flower and dried cannabis flower (&gt;0.3% delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol).

Highlights
The PathogenDx DetectX Combined Assay will be the first PTM approved multiplex assay for Aspergillus, E. coli and Salmonella that does not require an enrichment step.
Brand Morphogenesis: The Role of Heterogeneous Consumer Sub-Assemblages in the Change and Continuity of a Brand
Authors: Molander Susanna , Ostberg Jacob , Peñaloza Lisa 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How do brands change in environments defined by increasing consumer heterogeneity? Drawing on assemblage theory, this research develops the concepts of brand morphogenesis and consumer sub-assemblage to explain how heterogeneous consumer groups instigate, reinforce and hinder the evolution of a brand. This longitudinal case study of a Swedish fashion brand delineates the role of heterogeneous consumer sub-assemblages in the continual process of emergence and transformation of a brand assemblage through space and time—a process defined as brand morphogenesis. The findings detail brand morphogenesis in the sub-assemblage dynamics of exploration, actualization, and habituation of value, as heterogeneous consumer groups form consumer sub-assemblages in interaction with other brand components and interact in patterns of coexisting with, coopting, and contesting other sub-assemblages. By charting consumers’ value negotiations as they play out within and among consumer sub-assemblages, this research contributes to understanding continuity and change for brands that face increasing consumer heterogeneity.
Environmental Policy in Good and Bad Times: The Countercyclical Effects of Carbon Taxes and Cap-and-Trade
Authors: Dominioni Goran , Faure Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
‘Green recovery’ is one of the key themes of the stimulus packages implemented around the world in response to the Covid-19-related economic downturn. Recent research points to the potential role of regulation that becomes less stringent during recessions (ie countercyclical regulation) as an instrument to stimulate a quicker recovery. When this argument is put in the context of a green recovery, two key questions arise: should we implement countercyclical environmental regulation? If yes, what environmental instruments are better suited to stimulate the economy in periods of economic downturn? This article addresses these questions by discussing the risks of countercyclical environmental regulation and comparing the countercyclical effects of two critical environmental instruments: carbon taxes and cap-and-trade. The article argues that policymakers should be cautious in implementing countercyclical environmental regulation because the benefits of this practice are uncertain and it entails various risks. The article also challenges the belief common among academics and policymakers that cap-and-trade is inherently more countercyclical than carbon taxes by showing that whether this is true depends on the design of these instruments and other contingent factors.
Mesenteric venous thrombosis: a rare complication of small bowel neuroendocrine tumor presenting with gangrenous appendicitis
Authors: Bachelani Arshad M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A 61-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a clinical picture consistent with acute appendicitis. During surgery, the appendix was found to be gangrenous and involved the appendiceal base, so an ileocecectomy was performed. Pathology revealed an incidental neuroendocrine tumor of the terminal ileum involving five of nine lymph nodes. The patient later developed mesenteric venous thrombosis but was diagnosed and treated promptly, and she is now doing well. There have been previous reports of small bowel neuroendocrine tumor resulting in bowel ischemia, usually due to fibrosis which can result in obstruction of the mesenteric vessels. However, this is the first known report of a small bowel neuroendocrine tumor presenting with appendicitis, which most likely was from an ischemic etiology. This case also demonstrates the importance of a high index of suspicion for mesenteric ischemia in patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumor who present with acute abdominal pain.
Appendix diverticulosis in a patient diagnosed on pathology after laparoscopic appendectomy for appendicular mucinous mass—case report and literature review
Authors: Alghamdi Wejdan A , Roublah Alaa A , Almaghrabi Jaudah , Alabbas Haytham H 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Diverticulum of the appendix is uncommon cause of right iliac fossa pain and inflammation with delayed diagnosis and high risk of complications, as it mimics acute appendicitis. Here we present a case of an elderly male patient who had lung cancer post-treatment. During the follow-up, appendicle lesion was discovered and suspected to be mucinous appendix. The pathology reported after appendectomy as appendicular diverticulosis without evidence of malignancy. As appendicular diverticulum is best confirmed by pathology, still its clinical presentation is difficult to be distinguished from other appendicular diseases. It is frequently linked to increased risk of cancer, particularly carcinoid tumors and mucinous adenomas.
Salinity, waterlogging, and elevated [CO2] interact to induce complex responses in cultivated and wild tomato
Authors: Zhou Rong , Yu Xiaqing , Song Xiaoming , Rosenqvist Eva , Wan Hongjian , Ottosen Carl-Otto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe effects of individual climatic factors on crops are well documented, whereas the interaction of such factors in combination has received less attention. The frequency of salinity and waterlogging stress is increasing with climate change, accompanied by elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]). This study explored how these three variables interacted and affected two tomato genotypes. Cultivated and wild tomato (Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum pimpinellifolium) were grown at ambient [CO2] and e[CO2], and subjected to salinity, waterlogging, and combined stress. Leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, quenching analysis, pigment, and plant growth were analyzed. The response of tomatoes depended on both genotype and stress type. In cultivated tomato, photosynthesis was inhibited by salinity and combined stress, whereas in wild tomato, both salinity and waterlogging stress, alone and in combination, decreased photosynthesis. e[CO2] increased photosynthesis and biomass of cultivated tomato under salinity and combined stress compared with ambient [CO2]. Differences between tomato genotypes in response to individual and combined stress were observed in key photosynthetic and growth parameters. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed genetic variations of tomatoes responding to the three climatic factors. Understanding the interacting effects of salinity and waterlogging with e[CO2] in tomato will facilitate improvement of crop resilience to climate change.
Low-frequency wideband timing of InPTA pulsars observed with the uGMRT
Authors: Nobleson K , Agarwal Nikita , Girgaonkar Raghav , Pandian Arul , Joshi Bhal Chandra , Krishnakumar M A , Susobhanan Abhimanyu , Desai Shantanu , Prabu T , Bathula Adarsh , Pennucci Timothy T , Banik Sarmistha , Bagchi Manjari , Dhanda Batra Neelam , Choudhary Arpita , Dandapat Subhajit , Dey Lankeswar , Gupta Yashwant , Hisano Shinnosuke , Kato Ryo , Kharbanda Divyansh , Kikunaga Tomonosuke , Kolhe Neel , Maan Yogesh , Marmat Piyush , Arumugam P , Manoharan P K , Pathak Dhruv , Singha Jaikhomba , Surnis Mayuresh P , Susarla Sai Chaitanya , Takahashi Keitaro 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
High-precision measurements of the pulsar dispersion measure (DM) are possible using telescopes with low-frequency wideband receivers. We present an initial study of the application of the wideband timing technique, which can simultaneously measure the pulsar times of arrivals (ToAs) and DMs, for a set of five pulsars observed with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) as part of the Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) campaign. We have used the observations with the 300–500 MHz band of the uGMRT for this purpose. We obtain high precision in DM measurements with precisions of the order 10−6 cm−3 pc. The ToAs obtained have sub-μs precision and the rms of the post-fit ToA residuals are in the sub-μs range. We find that the uncertainties in the DMs and ToAs obtained with this wideband technique, applied to low-frequency data, are consistent with the results obtained with traditional pulsar timing techniques and comparable to high-frequency results from other PTAs. This work opens up an interesting possibility of using low-frequency wideband observations for precision pulsar timing and gravitational wave detection with similar precision as high-frequency observations used conventionally.
ALMA’s view of the M-dwarf GSC 07396-00759’s edge-on debris disc: AU Mic’s coeval twin
Authors: Cronin-Coltsmann Patrick F , Kennedy Grant M , Adam Christian , Kral Quentin , Lestrade Jean-François , Marino Sebastian , Matrà Luca , Murphy Simon J , Olofsson Johan , Wyatt Mark C 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present new ALMA Band 7 observations of the edge-on debris disc around the M1V star GSC 07396-00759. At ∼20 Myr old and in the β Pictoris Moving Group along with AU Mic, GSC 07396-00759 joins it in the handful of low-mass M-dwarf discs to be resolved in the sub-mm. With previous VLT/SPHERE scattered light observations, we present a multiwavelength view of the dust distribution within the system under the effects of stellar wind forces. We find the mm dust grains to be well described by a Gaussian torus at 70 au with a full width at half-maximum of 48 au and we do not detect the presence of CO in the system. Our ALMA model radius is significantly smaller than the radius derived from polarimetric scattered light observations, implying complex behaviour in the scattering phase function. The brightness asymmetry in the disc observed in scattered light is not recovered in the ALMA observations, implying that the physical mechanism only affects smaller grain sizes. High-resolution follow-up observations of the system would allow investigation into its unique dust features as well as provide a true coeval comparison for its smaller sibling AU Mic, singularly well-observed amongst M-dwarfs systems.
Testing the reliability of X-rays as a tool for constraining mass-loss rates of hot stars
Authors: Gunderson Sean J , Gayley Kenneth G , Pradhan Pragati , Huenemoerder David P , Miller Nathan A 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We fit a new line shape model to Chandra X-ray spectra of the O supergiant ζ Puppis to test the robustness of mass-loss rates derived from X-ray wind line profiles against different assumed heating models. Our goal is to track the hot gas by replacing the common assumption that it is proportional to the cool gas emission measure. Instead of assuming a turn-on radius for the hot gas (as appropriate for the line-deshadowing instability internal to the wind), we parametrize the hot gas in terms of a mean-free path for accelerated low-density gas to encounter slower high-density material. This alternative model is equally successful as previous approaches at fitting X-ray spectral lines in the 5–17 Å wavelength range. We find that the characteristic radius where the hottest gas appears is inversely proportional to line-formation temperature, suggesting that stronger shocks appear generally closer to the surface. This picture is more consistent with pockets of low density, rapid acceleration at the lower boundary than with an internally generated wind instability. We also infer an overall wind mass-loss rate from the profile shapes with a technique used previously in the literature. In doing so, we find evidence that the mass-loss rate derived from X-ray wind line profiles is not robust with respect to changes in the specific heating picture used.
G-quadruplexes in helminth parasites
Authors: Cantara Alessio , Luo Yu , Dobrovolná Michaela , Bohalova Natalia , Fojta Miroslav , Verga Daniela , Guittat Lionel , Cucchiarini Anne , Savrimoutou Solène , Häberli Cécile , Guillon Jean , Keiser Jennifer , Brázda Václav , Mergny Jean Louis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Parasitic helminths infecting humans are highly prevalent infecting ∼2 billion people worldwide, causing inflammatory responses, malnutrition and anemia that are the primary cause of morbidity. In addition, helminth infections of cattle have a significant economic impact on livestock production, milk yield and fertility. The etiological agents of helminth infections are mainly Nematodes (roundworms) and Platyhelminths (flatworms). G-quadruplexes (G4) are unusual nucleic acid structures formed by G-rich sequences that can be recognized by specific G4 ligands. Here we used the G4Hunter Web Tool to identify and compare potential G4 sequences (PQS) in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of various helminths to identify G4 ligand targets. PQS are nonrandomly distributed in these genomes and often located in the proximity of genes. Unexpectedly, a Nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides, was found to be highly enriched in stable PQS. This species can tolerate high-stability G4 structures, which are not counter selected at all, in stark contrast to most other species. We experimentally confirmed G4 formation for sequences found in four different parasitic helminths. Small molecules able to selectively recognize G4 were found to bind to Schistosoma mansoni G4 motifs. Two of these ligands demonstrated potent activity both against larval and adult stages of this parasite.