bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Expert Model Based on Physics-Aware Neural Network for the Prediction of Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
Authors: Bhaumik Bivas , Changdar Satyasaran , De Soumen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Operating fluids are always a significant factor for not achieving a good enough performance of heat transfer equipment and also for growing the energy costs. To resolve this issue, nanofluids are considered a potential choice for conventional heat transfer fluids due to their efficiency for the improvement of overall thermal performance. The aim of this research is to propose a physics-guided machine learning approach by incorporating physics-based relations at the initial stage and into traditional loss functions for predicting the thermal conductivity of water-based nanofluids using a wide range of both experimental and simulated data of nanoparticles Al2O3, CuO, and TiO2. Further, smart connectionist methods, viz., ridge regression, lasso regression, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (xgboost (XGB)), and black-box multilayer perceptron (MLP) are applied to compare the present physics-aware MLP model based on different statistical indicators. The accuracy analyses reveal that the use of physical views to monitor the learning of neural networks shows better results with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 0.7075%, root-mean-squared error (RMSE) = 0.0042 W/mK, and R2 = 0.9525. The temperature and volume concentration variations are discussed graphically. Furthermore, the outcomes of applied algorithms confirm that the well-known theoretical and computer-aided models show substandard results than the proposed model.
Flow Over a Square Cylinder at Intermediate Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Sharma K. R. , Dutta S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the flow over a stationary square cylinder in the test section of a subsonic wind tunnel. Hotwire anemometry (CTA type), particle image velocimetry (2C-PIV), and flow visualization techniques are used in the study to characterize the flow properties. The study is carried out at four intermediate Reynolds numbers (blocking width 'B' as the characteristic length) 600, 800, 1000, and 2000. The flow over the circular cylinder and square cylinder differs, particularly at intermediate Reynolds numbers, but the literature lacks detailed flow behavior over a square cylinder beyond the wake transition regime. Re = 600 is the critical Reynolds number as the flow changes from a disordered fine-scale three-dimensional regime to a shear layer transition regime. The effects of the regime alterations on the flow properties, vortex shedding frequency, and mean drag coefficient are reported in the study for all Reynolds numbers. The flow visualization supplements the CTA and PIV measurements. The turbulent kinetic energy budget has also been compared for all Reynolds numbers.
Tribological Behavior of Mg/Fe3O4 Recycled Nanocomposites Processed Through Turning Induced Deformation Technique
Authors: Pasha Mahammod Babar , Narasimha Rao R. , Ismail Syed , Tekumalla Sravya , Gupta Manoj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Magnesium nanocomposites with improved mechanical and tribological properties have attracted widespread interest in the automotive sector. Given the great potential of magnesium nanocomposites in the automotive sector and the need for recycling materials to minimize their negative impact on the environment, it is imperative to consider the possibility of a practical approach to recycling these materials. In this study, turning induced deformation (TID) technique is used to recycle the magnesium composites containing iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The chips collected from the turning process of composites were cold compacted and hot extruded into cylindrical rods. The extruded materials were investigated for their tribological response under dry sliding conditions. The wear tests were performed using a pin on disc tribometer against an EN31 alloy steel counter disc under applied loads of 10, 20, 30, and 50 N and sliding speeds of 1, 2, 3, and 5 m/s. The worn pin surfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy integrated with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer to understand wear characteristics. The results revealed a better wear resistance and friction coefficient for recycled nanocomposites than pure magnesium. The enhanced wear resistance of recycled nanocomposites is attributed to the increased hardness and strength due to the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the turning induced deformation process. The wear surfaces revealed abrasion and delamination as the predominant wear mechanism, with thermal softening occurring only at the highest applied load and sliding speed.
Outcome in octogenarian patients with lower extremity artery disease after endovascular revascularisation: a retrospective single-centre cohort study using in-patient data
Authors: Lakomek Antonia , Köppe Jeanette , Barenbrock Henrike , Volkery Kristina , Feld Jannik , Makowski Lena , Engelbertz Christiane , Reinecke Holger , Malyar Nasser M , Freisinger Eva 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical benefit of endovascular revascularisation (EVR) in octogenarian (aged ≥80 years) patients with lower extremity artery disease (LEAD).DesignRetrospective single-centre study.SettingUniversity hospital with a specialised centre for vascular medicine.Participants681 LEAD patients undergoing EVR between 2010 and 2016 were stratified by age.Main outcome measureTechnical success, complications and mortality.ResultsThe cohort comprised 172 (25.3%) octogenarian and 509 (74.7%) non-octogenarian patients. Despite higher LEAD stages and complexity of EVR in octogenarians, primary technical success rate (79% octogenarians vs 86% non-octogenarians, p=0.006) and 1-year survival (87% vs 96%, p<0.001) were overall on high levels. Especially for the octogenarians, 1-year survival depends on the presence of chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) (octogenarians: non-CLTI 98%; CLTI 79% p<0.001 vs non-octogenarians: non-CLTI 99%; CLTI 91%, p<0.001). In octogenarians, female sex (HR 0.45; 95% CI (0.24 to 0.86); p=0.015), the intake of statins (HR 0.34; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.65; p=0.001) and platelet aggregation inhibitors (HR 0.10; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.45; p=0.003) were independently associated with improved survival after EVR.ConclusionEVR can be performed safely and with sustained clinical benefit also in octogenarian patients with LEAD. After-care including medical adherence is of particular importance to improve long-term survival.
Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence in solid-organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplant candidates and recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Barkati Sapha , Naeem Faheel , Hales Lindsay , Quan Curtis , Libman Michael 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionStrongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal helminth ubiquitous in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It persists in the human host for a lifetime as a result of autoinfection and if undetected and untreated, can lead to increased morbidity and high mortality in immunocompromised individuals such as the transplant population. Transplant patients, including solid-organ and haematopoietic stem cell transplants (SOT and HSCT, respectively), are at a high risk of hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis. Unfortunately screening is often not systematically performed. Prevalence estimates of Strongyloides in this high-risk population is not well studied. Through this systematic review, we aim to summarise the descriptive evidence on Strongyloides prevalence in SOT and HSCT patients, including diagnostic and screening practices alongside the cases of hyperinfection, disseminated strongyloidiasis and the mortality rate in this population.Methods and analysesThrough the use of various online library databases, we will conduct a systematic review including relevant literature on the prevalence of Strongyloides in SOT and HSCT patients as well as studies assessing hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis in this patient population. The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study Design strategy and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines will be used to determine a final subset of studies for analysis. Quality assessment for case series and case reports will be determined by a modified quality assessment tool developed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH), and the CARE guidelines, respectively. We will provide a narrative synthesis of the findings pertaining to the primary and secondary outcomes of interest (prevalence of Strongyloides and mortality rate in transplant population, respectively) alongside the associated 95% CI. Estimates from individual studies will be pooled using a random effects model.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not require formal ethical approval since no primary data will be collected. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021269305.
Prenatal malaria exposure and risk of adverse birth outcomes: a prospective cohort study of pregnant women in the Northern Region of Ghana
Authors: Hussein Hawawu , Shamsipour Mansour , Yunesian Masud , Hassanvand Mohammad Sadegh , Agordoh Percival Delali , Seidu Mashoud Alabi , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveMalaria remains endemic in most of sub-Saharan Africa and has a negative impact among pregnant women, resulting in morbidity and poor birth outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between malaria and adverse birth outcomes among prenatal women in the Northern Region of Ghana.DesignThis is a prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies at 28 weeks of gestational age and above recruited between July 2018 and May 2019 from four public hospitals in the Northern Region of Ghana.Outcome measuresLow birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and perinatal death.ResultsA total of 1323 pregnant women completed the study out of the 1626 recruited, with an average age of 27.3±5.2 years. The incidence of malaria in this population was 9.5% (95% CI 7.9 to 11.1). After adjusting for newborn admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit, parity, maternal age and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, women who were exposed to malaria during the third trimester of pregnancy had 2.02 times (95% CI 1.36 to 2.99) higher odds of premature delivery. Furthermore, they had 2.06 times (95% CI 1.09 to 3.93) higher chance of giving birth to babies with LBW, irrespective of their socioeconomic status. With an OR of 1.02 (95% CI 0.26 to 4.01), there was no difference in perinatal mortality between pregnant women with malaria and those without malaria after adjusting for caesarean section.ConclusionThis study confirms that prenatal malaria increases the odds of both preterm and LBW deliveries. A decisive policy to eradicate or minimise perinatal malaria is needed to contribute to the prevention of LBW and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Effects of subanaesthetic S-ketamine on postoperative delirium and cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery: a protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled and positive-controlled, non-inferiority trial (SKED trial)
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Anyu , Liu Lv , Zheng Xi , Tang Chunlin , Zhou Ming , Gu Yu , Yao Yonghua 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common and distressing complication after thoracic surgery. S-ketamine has neuroprotective properties as a dissociative anaesthetic. Emerging literature has indicated that S-ketamine can reduce cognitive impairment in patients with depression. However, the role of S-ketamine in preventing POD remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of intraoperative prophylactic S-ketamine compared with that of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of POD in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac thoracic surgery.Methods and analysisThis will be a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, positive-controlled, non-inferiority trial that enrolled patients aged 60–90 years undergoing thoracic surgery. The patients will be randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1:1 to S-ketamine, dexmedetomidine or normal saline placebo groups using computer-generated randomisation with a block size of six. The primary outcome will be the incidence of POD within 4 days after surgery and this will be assessed using a 3-Minute Diagnostic Confusion Assessment Method two times per day. The severity and duration of POD, the incidence of emergence delirium, postoperative pain, quality of sleep, cognitive function, and the plasma concentrations of acetylcholine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tumour necrosis factor-α and incidence of adverse events will be evaluated as secondary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Cancer Hospital and the Institute of Guangzhou Medical University (ZN202119). At the end of the trial, we commit to making a public disclosure available, regardless of the outcome. The public disclosure will include a publication in an appropriate journal and an oral presentation at academic meetings.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100052750 (NCT05242692).
Narrative synthesis systematic review of Pakistani women’s health outcomes from primary care interventions
Authors: Rizvi Jafree Sara , Mahmood Qaisar Khalid , Sohail Malik Muhammad , Asim Muhammad , Barlow Jane 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveWomen living in Pakistan have complex health problems including infectious and non-communicable diseases, accident and injuries, and mental health problems. While a majority of these women rely on primary healthcare services for all of their healthcare needs, there has to date been no overview of the extent of their effectiveness. The objective of this review was to (1) synthesise the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of primary care based interventions aimed at improving women’s mental and physical health and (2) identify the factors that promote effectiveness for women’s health outcomes.MethodsFive academic databases were searched, including PubMed, BMC Medicine, Medline, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. A search was also made of the grey literature. The quality of included studies was assessed using a standardised critical appraisal tool, and the findings summarised using a narrative synthesis.ResultsIn total, 18 studies were included in the review. Eight involved evaluations of counselling interventions, three health education and awareness interventions, two social and psychosocial interventions, and five were evaluations of combination interventions. Twelve of the included studies were randomised controlled trials. Of these 14 reported significant outcomes, and 4 further interventions showed partially favourable results. However, interventions mostly targeted women’s mental or reproductive health.ConclusionsWhile the evidence is limited in terms of quality and what has been evaluated, a number of interventions appear to be effective in improving outcomes for women. The three key approaches include the adoption of an active door-to-door and group-based approach; utilisation of community peers who can deliver care cost-effectively and who are more accepted in the community; and the integration of financial vouchers to support uptake in poor populations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020203472.
Strengthening emergency care systems to improve patient care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a high-volume tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Gopinath Bharath , Kumar Akshay , Sah Rajesh , Bhoi Sanjeev , Jamshed Nayer , Ekka Meera , Aggarwal Praveen , Deorari Ashok , Bhargava Balram , Kappagantu Vignan 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a highly time-sensitive and life-threatening condition. Early recognition and timely management are challenging in a busy emergency department (ED), especially in low/middle-income countries where emergency systems are often fragmented. The aim of our quality improvement (QI) project was to increase the percentage of patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with door to balloon (D2B) time of <90 min by 30% over 12 months.MethodsAs part of the first step in QI, baseline data were collected at different points in the process of care. Using process maps and fishbone analysis, delays in patient registration, ECG and communication with cardiology were identified as some bottlenecks, and change ideas were tested using plan–do–study–act cycles using point-of-care QI methodology. The majority of the change ideas focused on interventions in the ED like strengthening triage, training frontline staff, early diagnosis and quick transportation of patients.ResultsDuring the baseline phase, 22.22% of patients were found to have a D2B time of <90 min. We achieved an increase of 47.78% in patients receiving PCI within 90 min and hence increased to 70% at the end of the intervention phase. Data collected for 4 months after the intervention phase were found to have sustained the effort.ConclusionSignificant improvement in the door to reperfusion time resulted from a meticulous assessment of emergency care processes by drawing process flow chart and implementation of change ideas like introduction of fast-track policy for patients with chest pain, reducing staff turnover in the triage area, formal training of staff, continuous engagement with cardiology team and by interchanging of processes which led to a reduction in time to ECG.
Efficient failure detection and consensus at extreme-scale systems
Authors: Kolisetty Soma Sekhar , Srinivasa Rao Battula 
Published: August 2022

<span>Distributed systems and extreme-scale systems are ubiquitous in recent years and have seen throughout academia organizations, business, home, and government sectors. Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology is a typical distributed system model that is gaining popularity for delivering computing resources and services. Distributed systems try to increase its availability in the event of frequent component failures and functioning the system in such scenario is notoriously difficult. In order to identify component failures in the system and achieve global agreement (consensus) among failed components, this paper implemented an efficient failure detection and consensus algorithm based on fail-stop type process failures. The proposed algorithm is fault-tolerant to process failures occurring before and during the execution of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm works with the epidemic gossip protocol, which is a randomly generated paradigm of computation and communication that is both fault-tolerant and scalable. A simulation of an extreme-scale information dissemination process shows that global agreement can be achieved. A P2P simulator, PeerSim, is used in the paper to implement and test the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm results exhibited high scalability and at the same time detected all the process failures. The status of all the processes is maintained in a Boolean matrix.</span>
Realistic image synthesis of COVID-19 chest X-rays using depthwise boundary equilibrium generative adversarial networks
Authors: Iklima Zendi , Kadarina Trie Maya , Ihsanto Eko 
Published: August 2022

<span>Researchers in various related fields research preventing and controlling the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) virus. The spread of the COVID-19 is increasing exponentially and infecting humans massively. Preliminary detection can be observed by looking at abnormal conditions in the airways, thus allowing the entry of the virus into the patient's respiratory tract, which can be represented using computer tomography (CT) scan and chest X-ray (CXR) imaging. Particular deep learning approaches have been developed to classify COVID-19 CT or CXR images such as convolutional neural network (CNN), and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). However, COVID-19 CXR dataset was measly opened and accessed. Particular deep learning method performance can be improved by augmenting the dataset amount. Therefore, the COVID-19 CXR dataset was possibly augmented by generating the synthetic image. This study discusses a fast and real-like image synthesis approach, namely depthwise boundary equilibrium generative adversarial network (DepthwiseBEGAN). DepthwiseBEGAN was reduced memory load 70.11% in training processes compared to the conventional BEGAN. DepthwiseBEGAN synthetic images were inspected by measuring the Fréchet inception distance (FID) score with the real-to-real score equal to 4.3866 and real-to-fake score equal to 4.4674. Moreover, generated DepthwiseBEGAN synthetic images improve 22.59% accuracy of conventional CNN models.</span>
Modified SEIR and machine learning prediction of the trend of the epidemic of COVID-19 in Jordan under lockdowns impact
Authors: Alsmadi Mutasem Khalil 
Published: August 2022

<span>Susceptible exposed infectious recovered (SEIR) is a fitting model for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread prediction. Hence, to examine the effect of different levels of social distancing on the spreading of the disease, a variable was introduced in the SEIR equations system used in this work. We also used an artificial intelligence approach using a machine learning (ML) method known as deep neural network. This modified SEIR model was applied on the available initial spread data until June 25<sup>th</sup>, 2021 for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Without lockdown in Jordan, the analysis demonstrates potential infection to roughly 3.1 million people during the peak of spread approximately 3 months, starting from the date of lockdown (March 21<sup>st</sup>). Conversely, the present partial lockdowns strategy by the Kingdom was expected to reduce the predicted number of infections to 0.5 million in 9 months period. The analysis also demonstrates the ability of stricter lockdowns to effectively flatten the graph curve of COVID-19 in Jordan. Our modified SEIR and deep neural network (DNN) model were efficient in the prediction of COVID-19 epidemic sizes and peaks. The measures taken to control the epidemic by the government decreased the size of the COVID-19 epidemic.</span>
An efficient lightweight key exchange algorithm for internet of things applications
Authors: Kasfa Ali Fasila , Mathew Sheena 
Published: August 2022

<p><span>Internet of things (IoT) gained wide popularity in recent years, and this is proved by tremendous increase in use of IoT applications worldwide. Distributed IoT applications can be implemented securely with the support of blockchain. By default, blockchain will ensure authentication of involved entities as well as integrity of data. Due to storage restrictions, use of hybrid system is preferred, and this involves cloud server for storage and blockchain for other functionalities. Data kept in cloud has to be encrypted by a strong encryption algorithm. Even though core security objectives are achieved, it is necessary to provide a secure method to exchange the key. Since, the key is the backbone of a security algorithm, protection of the key has to be ensured. In this work, an algorithm is proposed to provide a no-share key exchange between two communicating parties in a resource constrained environment. The same was implemented and compared with conventional key sharing algorithms. Security analysis was formally conducted by using widely accepted automated validation of internet security protocols and applications (AVISPA) tool and the proposed method proved to be secure.</span></p>