bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unprecedented Fireproof, Anion‐Immobilized Composite Electrolyte Obtained via Solidifying Carbonate Electrolyte for Safe and High‐Power Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Le , Huang Yongxin , Tufail Muhammad Khurram , Wang Xuefeng , Yang Wen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe update of electrolytes from a liquid state to a solid state is considered effective in improving the safety and energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Although numerous efforts have been made, solid‐state electrolytes’ (SSEs) insufficient charge transfer capability remains a significant obstruction to practical applications. Herein, a fireproof and anion‐immobilized composite electrolyte is designed by solidifying carbonate electrolyte, exhibiting superior Li‐ion conductivity (11.5 mS cm−1 at 30 °C) and Li‐ion transference number (0.90), which endows LIBs excellent rate capability and cycling stability. Elaborate characteristics and theoretical calculations demonstrate the presence of robust anion‐molecule coordination (composed of lithium bond and Coulomb force) enables a more efficient ion transport, where the mobility of Li+ ion is enhanced meanwhile the anions are immobilized. This work highlights how the strong interactions between electrolyte components can be used to simultaneously regulate the migration of Li+ ion and anion, and realize a one‐step conversion of inflammable liquid‐state electrolyte to nonflammable solid‐state electrolyte.
Heterogeneous Integration of Atomically Thin Semiconductors for Non‐von Neumann CMOS
Authors: Pendurthi Rahul , Jayachandran Darsith , Kozhakhmetov Azimkhan , Trainor Nicholas , Robinson Joshua A. , Redwing Joan M. , Das Saptarshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtomically thin, 2D, and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are seen as potential candidates for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology in future nodes. While high‐performance field effect transistors (FETs), logic gates, and integrated circuits (ICs) made from n‐type TMDs such as MoS2 and WS2 grown at wafer scale have been demonstrated, realizing CMOS electronics necessitates integration of large area p‐type semiconductors. Furthermore, the physical separation of memory and logic is a bottleneck of the existing CMOS technology and must be overcome to reduce the energy burden for computation. In this article, the existing limitations are overcome and for the first time, a heterogeneous integration of large area grown n‐type MoS2 and p‐type vanadium doped WSe2 FETs with non‐volatile and analog memory storage capabilities to achieve a non–von Neumann 2D CMOS platform is introduced. This manufacturing process flow allows for precise positioning of n‐type and p‐type FETs, which is critical for any IC development. Inverters and a simplified 2‐input‐1‐output multiplexers and neuromorphic computing primitives such as Gaussian, sigmoid, and tanh activation functions using this non–von Neumann 2D CMOS platform are also demonstrated. This demonstration shows the feasibility of heterogeneous integration of wafer scale 2D materials.
Boron‐Intercalation‐Induced Phase Evolution of Rh Metallene for Energy‐Saving H2 Production by H2O2 Oxidation Coupled with Water Electrolysis
Authors: Deng Kai , Wang Wenxin , Mao Qiqi , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTailoring the morphology and crystal structure of metallene is critical to improve its electrocatalytic performance. In this work, hetero‐phase RhB metallene (h‐RhB metallene) with amorphous/crystalline structure is readily prepared by a two‐step method. The h‐RhB metallene is very unique in its non‐metallic heteroatom doping and amorphous/crystalline structure. Benefiting from the unique metallene structure and the optimized electronic states induced by the incorporation of B atoms, the h‐RhB metallene exhibits superior performance for hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen peroxide electro‐oxidation reaction (HPOR). When coupled with HPOR, the h‐RhB metallene||h‐RhB metallene water electrolysis two‐electrode system exhibits a lower cell voltage of 0.379 V (@ 10 mA cm−2) compared with the overall water splitting (1.35 V). The presented synthetic method provides a powerful strategy to design metallene with hetero‐phase for energy‐saving H2 production.
In Situ Antigen‐Capturing Nanochaperone Toward Personalized Nanovaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Yongxin , Wu Xiaohui , Chen Jiajing , Yang Menglin , Ma Feihe , Shi Linqi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPersonalized cancer vaccination using nanomaterials holds great potential for cancer immunotherapy. Here, a nanochaperone (PBA‐nChap) is tailored for in situ capture of tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) to improve cancer immunotherapy. The PBA‐nChap is capable of i) efficiently capturing TAAs in situ; ii) protecting TAAs from degradation; iii) transporting TAAs to antigen‐presenting cells and promoting cross‐presentation. Intratumor injection of PBA‐nChap in combination with pretreatment with photodynamic therapy (PDT) significantly enhances immune response and exhibits excellent antitumor efficacy. Moreover, nanovaccine prepared by simply co‐culturing PBA‐nChap with tumor cell fragments from surgery resected primary tumor in vitro synergized with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can effectively inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis after an operation. This work provides a promising platform for personalized cancer vaccination.
Multiply Guaranteed and Successively Amplified Activation of a Catalytic DNA Machine for Highly Efficient Intracellular Imaging of MicroRNA
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Shang Jinhua , He Shizhen , Wang Qing , Li Ruomeng , Chen Yingying , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDNA amplification machines show great promise for intracellular imaging, yet are always constrained by off‐site machinery activation or signal leakage, originating from the inherent thermodynamically driven hybridization between machinery substrates. Herein, an entropy‐driven catalytic DNA amplification machine is integrated with the on‐site amplified substrate exposure procedure to realize the high‐contrast in vivo imaging of microRNA (miRNA). The key machinery substrate (fuel strands) is initially split into substrate subunits that are respectively grafted into an auxiliary DNA polymerization amplification accessory for eliminating the undesired signal leakage. Meanwhile, in target cells, the auxiliary polymerization accessory can be motivated by cell‐specific mRNA for successively restoring their intact machine‐propelling functions for guaranteeing the on‐site amplified imaging of miRNA with high specificity. This intelligent on‐site multiply guaranteed machinery can improve the specificity of catalytic DNA machines for discriminating different cell types and, thus, can provide a remarkable prospect in biomedical diagnosis.
Recent advancements in single dose slow‐release devices for prophylactic vaccines
Authors: Ray Sayoni , Puente Armando , Steinmetz Nicole F. , Pokorski Jonathan K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSingle dose slow‐release vaccines herald a new era in vaccine administration. An ideal device for slow‐release vaccine delivery would be minimally invasive and self‐administered, making these approaches an attractive alternative for mass vaccination programs, particularly during the time of a pandemic. In this review article, we discuss the latest advances in this field, specifically for prophylactic vaccines able to prevent infectious diseases. Recent studies have found that slow‐release vaccines elicit better immune responses and often do not require cold chain transportation and storage, thus drastically reducing the cost, streamlining distribution, and improving efficacy. This promise has attracted significant attention, especially when poor patient compliance of the standard multidose vaccine regimes is considered. Single dose slow‐release vaccines are the next generation of vaccine tools that could overcome most of the shortcomings of present vaccination programs and be the next platform technology to combat future pandemics.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
GGOS Bureau of Products and Standards: Description and Promotion of Geodetic Products
Authors: Angermann D. , Gruber T. , Gerstl M. , Heinkelmann R. , Hugentobler U. , Sánchez L. , Steigenberger P. , Gross R. , Heki K. , Marti U. , Schuh H. , Sehnal M. , Thomas M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Bureau of Products and Standards (BPS) is a key component of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). It supports GGOS in its goal to provide consistent geodetic products needed to monitor, map, and understand changes in the Earth’s shape, rotation, and gravity field. In its present structure, the two Committees “Earth System Modeling” and “Essential Geodetic Variables” as well as the Working Group “Towards a consistent set of parameters for the definition of a new Geodetic Reference System (GRS)” are associated to the BPS. This paper presents the structure and role of the BPS and it highlights some of the recent activities. A major focus is on the classification and description of geodetic products and their representation at the renewed GGOS website (http://www.ggos.org). This website serves as an “entrance door” to geodetic products to satisfy different user needs and communities (e.g., geodesists, geophysicists, other geosciences and further customers) in order to make geodesy more visible to other disciplines and to society.
Minimally invasive Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement in patients 50 years of age or younger
Authors: Walker Tilman , Stupp Julius , Reiner Tobias , Panzram Benjamin , Nees Timo A. , Innmann Moritz M. , Gotterbarm Tobias , Merle Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of the present study was to assess clinical outcome and mid-term survivorship of mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in patients 50 years of age or younger.

Methods
This study reports the results of 119 patients (130 knees) following mobile-bearing medial UKA. Primary indication was advanced osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis of the femoral condyle. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) as well as the collateral ligaments were functionally intact, the varus deformity was manually correctable and there was no evidence of osteoarthritis in the lateral compartment. Survivorship analysis was performed with different endpoints and clinical outcome was measured using the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), American Knee Society Score and Functional Score (AKSS-O, AKSS-F), range of motion (ROM), Tegner activity score, University of California Los Angeles score (UCLA) and visual analogue scale for pain (VAS).

Results
The survival rate was 96.6% at 6.5 years (95% CI 98.7–91.3%; number at risk: 56) and 91.7% (95% CI 96.7–80%; number at risk: 22) at 10 years for the endpoint device related revisions and 91.5% at 6.5 years (95% CI 95.4–84.5%; number at risk: 56) and 86.8% (95% CI 93–76.2%; number at risk: 22) at 10 years for the endpoint revision for any reason. Outcome scores, VAS and ROM showed significant improvements (p < 0.001). The mean OKS increased from 26.7 (standard deviation (sd): 7.2) preoperatively to 40.9 (sd: 7.6) at final follow-up, the mean AKSS-O from 48.3 (sd: 13.3) to 87.8 (sd: 14.4) and the mean ROM from 118° (sd: 16.7) to 125° (sd: 11.4). The radiological analysis revealed progression of degenerative changes in the lateral compartment in 39.6% of patients without affecting the functional outcome.

Conclusions
Medial mobile-bearing UKA is a viable surgical treatment option in young patients with significant improvements in knee function and pain. Further follow-up is necessary to evaluate the long-term efficacy.

Level of evidence
Retrospective cohort study, Level III.
Synthesis of Cu-doped carbon dot/chitosan film composite as a catalyst for the colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose
Authors: Tummala Srikrishna , Bandi Rajkumar , Ho Yen-Peng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of colloidal nanoparticles suffers from the drawbacks of potential color interference and substrate-induced aggregation. To overcome the limitations, a catalyst was developed by crosslinking Cu-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) with chitosan. Cu-CDs with high peroxidase activity were prepared by using a rapid microwave-assisted method. The Cu-CDs containing 6.88% of Cu had an average particle size of 2.25 nm and exhibited 9% of fluorescence quantum yield. The nanozyme/film composite was prepared by crosslinking between the amino groups of Cu-CDs and those of chitosan via a glutaraldehyde linker. A H2O2-mediated tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation reaction was use to evaluate the peroxidase activity of the film. Based on the TMB color changes, colorimetric assays were developed for the detection of H2O2 and glucose at an absorption wavelength 652 nm. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges for H2O2 and glucose were 0.625–40 µM and 1.9–125 µM, respectively, and the detection limits were 0.12 µM and 0.69 µM, respectively. The colorimetric assay was also applied to analyze diluted human serum samples spiked with glucose. Furthermore, this biodegradable, non-toxic, and easy-to-handle nanozyme composite could be stored for over 4 weeks without a significant decrease in activity.
Graphical abstract
Nichtinvasive Keratographen-Tränenfilmaufreißzeit im Vergleich zur Fluoreszein-Tränenfilmaufreißzeit
Authors: Berisha Bujar , Nepp Johannes , Rabensteiner Dieter Franz , Wagner Georg , Boldin Ingrid , Aminfar Haleh , Horwath-Winter Jutta 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das trockene Auge ist eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung der Augenoberfläche, welche als Folge einer unzureichenden Produktion der Tränenflüssigkeit oder einer inadäquaten Zusammensetzung des Tränenfilms mit vermehrter Verdunstung bedingt sein kann. Ein bedeutender diagnostischer Parameter für das trockene Auge ist die Tränenfilmaufreißzeit (TAZ). Ziel dieser Studie war es, die berührungsfreie, nichtinvasive Keratographen-Tränenfilmaufreißzeit (NIK-TAZ) mit der herkömmlichen Messung mittels Fluoreszein (F-TAZ) zu vergleichen sowie ihre Korrelation mit den subjektiven Beschwerden der Patient*innen zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
In diese Studie wurden 271 Patient*innen (212 Frauen, 59 Männer, 19 bis 91 Jahre, Durchschnittsalter 59,1 Jahre) mit trockenem Auge vom Spezialbereich für Benetzungsstörungen der Universitäts-Augenklinik, Medizinische Universität Graz eingeschlossen. Bei allen Patient*innen erfolgte die NIK-TAZ (erster und mittlerer Aufriss) mittels Keratograph 5M (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Deutschland) sowie eine standardisierte Messung der F‑TAZ. Die subjektiven Beschwerden der Patient*innen wurden mithilfe des Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI®) und einer visuellen Analogskala (VAS) erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Die NIK-TAZ (erster Aufriss, mittlerer Aufriss) korrelierte signifikant mit der F‑TAZ, wobei die Werte der NIK-TAZ signifikant länger waren als die Werte der F‑TAZ (p < 0,001). Der mittlere Aufriss der NIK-TAZ zeigte eine signifikante Korrelation mit den subjektiven Beschwerden (VAS). Bei der F‑TAZ konnte keine Korrelation mit der Subjektivität nachgewiesen werden.

Diskussion
Der mittlere Aufriss der NIK-TAZ korrelierte besser als die F‑TAZ mit dem subjektiven Empfinden der Patient*innen. Der Korrelationsgrad war jedoch gering, daher sind weitere Studien nötig, um die Rolle der nichtinvasiven Tränenfilmaufreißzeit zu verdeutlichen, insbesondere in Bezug auf die verschiedenen Subtypen des trockenen Auges.
Low temperature adsorption of CO2 in carbonaceous wedge pores: a Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Liu Xiu , Sim Allan Hua Heng , Fan Chunyan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA systematic study of carbon dioxide in wedge pores under subcritical conditions were conducted with Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation. The effects of various factors: temperature, pore geometry (i.e., pore width, length, tilt angle and corrugation), on the formation of stepwise isotherms, were particularly investigated. The occurrence of this step-wise adsorption behaviour is correlated to the alternate packing between the commensurate and incommensurate along the pore axis direction. The steps faded with temperature, due to the adsorbates are less structured and gradually receded mainly from the wide end where the weakest potential exerted to the fluids. The number of steps on desorption branch depends on the number of junctions and domains formed. The particles accumulating at the narrow end in open wedge pore play a role analogy to the closed end. Moreover, having corrugation on the interior solid surface also results different mechanisms illustrated in the stepwise behaviour due to the change in the actual pore size distribution and the interference to the force field inside the pore.
Cash and the Hidden Economy: Experimental Evidence on Fighting Tax Evasion in Small Business Transactions
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Dulleck Uwe , Fooken Jonas , Moy Naomi , Torgler Benno 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreasing the tax compliance of self-employed business owners—particularly of trade-specific service providers such as those involved in construction and repair work—remains an ongoing challenge for tax authorities. From a compliance point of view, cash transactions are particularly problematic when services are paid for on the spot, as these exchanges are difficult to audit. We present experimental evidence testing ten different policy strategies rooted in the enforcement, service, and trust/social paradigms, in a setting that allows payment either via a transaction that directly reports income for tax collection purposes or in cash, where taxes are only collected on reported income. Our sample includes both a typical subject pool of students, as used in most previous studies, and non-students who are active within service industries characterised by the opportunity to engage in cash transactions. While our comparative results show that, for both student and non-student participants, interventions that rely on greater enforcement by the tax authority have the greatest effect on compliance in our cash economy setting, treatments involving cooperative elements may be similarly effective in enhancing tax compliance. Given their effectiveness, cooperative approaches should therefore be considered for addition to the policy mix if implemented at relatively low costs, making both carrot and stick approaches promising to increase compliance in an environment where cash-for-service payments offer a common benefit for small businesses and their customers from implicit collusion that enables tax evasion.
AI in Search of Unfairness in Consumer Contracts: The Terms of Service Landscape
Authors: Lagioia F. , Jabłonowska A. , Liepina R. , Drazewski K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article explores the potential of artificial intelligence for identifying cases where digital vendors fail to comply with legal obligations, an endeavour that can generate insights about business practices. While heated regulatory debates about online platforms and AI are currently ongoing, we can look to existing horizontal norms, especially concerning the fairness of standard terms, which can serve as a benchmark against which to assess business-to-consumer practices in light of European Union law. We argue that such an assessment can to a certain extent be automated; we thus present an AI system for the automatic detection of unfair terms in business-to-consumer contracts, a system developed as part of the CLAUDETTE project. On the basis of the dataset prepared in this project, we lay out the landscape of contract terms used in different digital consumer markets and theorize their categories, with a focus on five categories of clauses concerning (i) the limitation of liability, (ii) unilateral changes to the contract and/or service, (iii) unilateral termination of the contract, (iv) content removal, and (v) arbitration. In so doing, the paper provides empirical support for the broader claim that AI systems for the automated analysis of textual documents can offer valuable insights into the practices of online vendors and can also provide valuable help in their legal qualification. We argue that the role of technology in protecting consumers in the digital economy is critical and not sufficiently reflected in EU legislative debates.
Understanding Nomadic Practices of Social Activist Networks Through the Lens of Infrastructuring: the Case of the European Social Forum
Authors: de Carvalho Aparecido Fabiano Pinatti , Saeed Saqib , Reuter Christian , Rohde Markus , Randall David , Pipek Volkmar , Wulf Volker 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWithin CSCW and HCI, an increasing body of literature has been demonstrating the essential relevance of infrastructures and infrastructuring to the work of people engaging in technologically mediated nomadicity. Tech Nomads – or T-Nomads, as they are sometimes called – not only rely ontechnological, human, andenvironmentalinfrastructural components – such as Wi-Fi, technical support, space, and basic resources such as light and power outlets – but they also have to engage in infrastructuring to mobilise their workplaces and effectively accomplish work in and across different locations. In this article, we bring an infrastructuring perspective to understanding nomadic practices concerning the organisation of complex collaborative events. We introduce findings from a long-term investigation focusing on how infrastructures are re-instantiated with the help of digital technologies, according to emerging demands from T-Nomads. Our findings demonstrate the need for a ‘non-essentialist’ approach to nomadicity, one which recognises the character of nomadic work and its varied aspects in different contexts. We extend the infrastructuring literature by demonstrating how infrastructuring work is done in a complex collaborative initiative, as the organisation of the annual European Social Forum.
The International Dimension of the EU Emissions Trading System: Bringing the Pieces Together
Authors: Verde Stefano F. , Borghesi Simone 
Published: July 2022

Abstract We analyse the international dimension of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) over the past two decades and in the foreseeable future by reviewing facts and economic theory. The facts mainly concern the international climate change regime and the EU’s relevant experience in international cooperation. Club theory shows how incentives can be created for cooperation on climate mitigation. The linkage of the EU ETS to the Kyoto flexible mechanisms had mixed results: it promoted emissions trading abroad, but the inflow of credits into the EU ETS added to a large market surplus and the environmental integrity of certain credits was problematic. Looking ahead, the ability of the EU ETS to reduce foreign emissions may grow. Key will be whether competitiveness and distributional effects are successfully addressed. The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism might help the EU reduce the risk of carbon leakage while incentivising emission reductions in countries exporting to the EU. The EU’s focus on reducing domestic emissions only, suggests we will probably not see new international linkages this decade. However, it cannot be excluded that the EU will revisit its decision and relax the domestic constraint.