bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is virulence phenotype evolution driven exclusively by Lr gene deployment in French Puccinia triticina populations?
Authors: Fontyn Cécilia , Zippert Anne‐Catherine , Delestre Ghislain , Marcel Thierry C. , Suffert Frédéric , Goyeau Henriette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPuccinia triticina is a highly damaging wheat pathogen. The efficacy of leaf rust control by genetic resistance is mitigated by the adaptive capacity of the pathogen, expressed as changes in its virulence combinations (pathotypes). An extensive P. triticina population survey has been carried out in France over the last 30 years, describing the evolutionary dynamics of this pathogen in response to cultivar deployment. We analysed the data set for the 2006–2016 period to determine the relationship between the Lr genes in the cultivars and virulence in the pathotypes. Rust populations were dominated by a small number of pathotypes, with variations in most of the virulence frequencies related to the corresponding Lr gene frequencies in the cultivated landscape. Furthermore, the emergence and spread of a new virulence matched the introduction and use of the corresponding Lr gene (Lr28), confirming that the deployment of qualitative resistance genes is an essential driver of evolution in P. triticina populations. However, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that certain pathotype–cultivar associations cannot be explained solely by the distribution of Lr genes in the landscape. This conclusion is supported by the predominance of a few pathotypes on some cultivars, with the persistence of several other compatible pathotypes at low frequencies. Specific interactions are not, therefore, sufficient to explain the distribution of virulence in rust populations. The hypothesis that quantitative interactions between P. triticina populations and bread wheat cultivars—based on differences in aggressiveness—is also a driver of changes in pathotype frequencies deserves further investigation.
Electrophysiological correlates of in vivo and virtual reality exposure therapy in spider phobia
Authors: Wiens Stefan , Eklund Rasmus , Szychowska Malina , Miloff Alexander , Cosme Danielle , Pierzchajlo Stephen , Carlbring Per 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpecific phobia can be treated successfully with exposure therapy. Although exposure therapy has strong effects on self‐reported ratings and behavioral avoidance, effects on measures derived from electroencephalography (EEG) are scant and unclear. To fill this gap, spider‐phobic individuals received either in‐vivo or virtual reality exposure treatment. Patients were tested twice (one week before and after treatment), and control subjects once. In each session, EEG was recorded to spider pictures as well as other positive, negative, and neutral pictures. During EEG recording, participants performed a simple detection task while task‐irrelevant pictures were shown in the background. The task was used to reduce potential confounding effects from shifts of attention. After the task, subjects were shown the pictures again and rated each in terms of their emotional reaction (arousal and pleasantness). The results showed that before treatment, patients rated spiders as more negative than did control subjects. Patients also showed elevated early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP) to spiders. After treatment, the negative emotional ratings of spiders were substantially reduced. Critically, Bayesian analyses suggested that EPN and LPP were unaffected by treatment and that the treatment groups did not differ in their responses (EPN, LPP, and ratings). These findings suggest that the effects of in vivo and virtual reality exposure therapy are similar and that the initial stages of motivated attention (EPN and LPP) are unaffected by treatment.
Cover Image, Volume 14, Issue 3
Authors: Goh Joanna Xuan Hui , Tan Loh Teng‐Hern , Law Jodi Woan‐Fei , Ser Hooi‐Leng , Khaw Kooi‐Yeong , Letchumanan Vengadesh , Lee Learn‐Han , Goh Bey‐Hing 
Published: June 2022

The cover image is based on the Review Article Harnessing the potentialities of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics, and postbiotics for shrimp farming by Joanna Xuan Hui Goh et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12659
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Impact of medium cut‐off membranes on S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products
Authors: Korucu Berfu , Yeter Hasan , Gonen Sevim , Derici Mehmet Kursat , Ronco Claudio , Derici Ulver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionOf the most remarkable molecules associated with atherosclerosis and the cardiovascular outcome are S100A12 (10,379.5 Da) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE‐42,803 Da) in the hemodialysis (HD) population. We designed a study investigating the effects of the medium cut‐off (MCO) dialyzers focusing on S100A12 and sRAGE in HD patients compared with low‐flux and high‐flux dialyzers.MethodsThis single‐site, prospective, observational study comprises age and sex‐matched HD groups (low‐flux, high‐flux, and MCO). Blood samples were drawn at baseline (predialysis and postdialysis) and the sixth month (predialysis).ResultsGroups had similar demographic features and laboratory parameters. Baseline S100A12 levels of the groups were similar [34.3 (±66.5), 30.9 (±42.7), and 40.6 (±29.6); p = 0.13]. Compared to their baseline, the sixth‐month S100A12 levels were constant in low‐flux and high‐flux group and significantly lower in MCO group (p = 0.16, p = 0.33, and p = 0.004). Baseline sRAGE levels of the groups were similar at baseline [2.8 (±0.8), 2.7 (±0.6), and 2.6 (±0.7); p = 0.65], and the sixth‐month [2.9 (±0.5), 2.4 (±0.7), and 2.4 (±0.8); p = 0.24]. sRAGE levels remained constant in all groups [p = 0.84, p = 0.13, and p = 0.39]. S100A12/sRAGE ratio at baseline and sixth month was constant in low‐flux [22.3 (±63.7) and 18.1 (±24.8); p = 0.17] and high‐flux groups [11.9 (±15.3) and 13.1 (±5.8); p = 0.26], the ratio decreased significantly in MCO group [16.5 (±11.6) to 7.8 (±5.5); p = 0.03].ConclusionOur study suggests that prolonged use of MCO dialyzers is associated with better S100A12 and sRAGE levels. Long‐term studies with larger samples are needed to understand the effects of a better S100A12‐sRAGE profile provided by MCO dialyzers on HD patients' cardiovascular outcomes.
What matters for adolescent suicidality: Depressive symptoms or fixed mindsets? Examination of cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between fixed mindsets and suicidal ideation
Authors: Zhu Shimin , Wong Paul W. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFixed mindsets or beliefs about the non‐malleability of self‐attributes are linked to a wide range of negative psychological outcomes. Its association with suicidal ideation (SI) among young people has not been explored.ObjectivesTo examine the association of fixed mindsets of depression, anxiety, and stress and SI; and its mediating role underlying the association between depression and SI.MethodsA sample of 1393 adolescents (Mage = 13.04, SD = 0.85, 640 boys) from 11 middle schools voluntarily participated in a two‐wave longitudinal study before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic with a 9‐month interval.ResultsBoth depressive symptoms and fixed mindsets were positively and significantly associated with concurrent and future suicidality, after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic status and previous SI. Participants with stronger fixed mindsets were more likely to have SI than those with only depressive symptoms. Also, fixed mindsets mediated the association between depressive symptoms and SI in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal models.ConclusionThe current study provides empirical evidence of the effects of fixed mindsets and SI and the mediating role of fixed mindset between depressive symptoms and SI among young people. Interventions to foster a growth mindset may enhance hope and reduce suicidality among adolescents.
Lean body weight‐adjusted intravenous iodinated contrast dose for abdominal CT in dogs reduces interpatient enhancement variability while providing diagnostic quality organ enhancement
Authors: Kan Jennifer , Milne Marjorie , Tyrrell Dayle , Mansfield Caroline 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is increasingly used to screen for abdominal pathology in dogs, and the contrast dose used is commonly calculated as a linear function of total body weight (TBW). Body fat is not metabolically active and contributes little to dispersing or diluting contrast medium (CM) in the blood. This prospective, analytic, cross‐section design pilot study aimed to establish the feasibility of intravenous CM dosed according to lean body weight (LBW) for abdominal CECT in dogs compared to TBW. We hypothesized that when dosing intravenous CM according to LBW, studies will remain at diagnostic quality, there will be a reduced interindividual contrast enhancement (CE) variability, and there will be less change to heart rate and blood pressure in dogs compared to when administering CM calculated on TBW. Twelve dogs had two CECT studies with contrast doses according to TBW and LBW at least 8 weeks apart. Interindividual organ and vessel CE variability, diagnostic quality of the studies, and changes in physiological status were compared between protocols. The LBW‐based protocol provided less variability in the CE of most organs and vessels (except the aorta). When dosed according to LBW, liver enhancement was positively associated with grams of iodine per kg TBW during the portal venous phase (P = 0.046). There was no significant difference in physiological parameters after CM administration between dosing protocols. Our conclusion is that a CM dose based on LBW for abdominal CECT lowers interindividual CE variability and is effective at maintaining studies of diagnostic quality.
Effect of surgical simulation training on the complication rate of resident-performed phacoemulsification
Authors: Montrisuksirikun Chinnapat , Trinavarat Adisak , Atchaneeyasakul La-Ongsri 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo study the effect of additional training with ophthalmic surgical simulation on the intraoperative complication rates of phacoemulsification performed by residents.Methods and materialsThis was a retrospective study of phacoemulsification surgeries performed by third-year residents at Siriraj Hospital. The operations were classified into two groups according to the experience of the surgeon in simulation training, that is, trained vs untrained. The main outcome was the total rate of complications. Other outcomes, including posterior capsule rupture, anterior capsulorhexis tearing, zonular dehiscence, retaining of lens material and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation methods, were also analysed.ResultsIn total, 2971 operations were performed, comprising 1656 operations by 21 residents in the trained group, and 1315 by 20 residents in the untrained group. The total rate of complications in the simulator-trained group was lower than in the untrained group (13.6% vs 17.3%, p=0.005). Only the rate of retaining lens material showed a statistically significantly reduction (p<0.001); however, the rates of posterior capsule rupture, anterior capsulorhexis tearing and zonular dehiscence were not significantly different (p=0.08, 0.17, 0.23, respectively). The IOL implantation methods and surgical aphakia rate between the two groups were similar (p=0.44). In the subgroup analysis, the posterior capsule rupture rate in the first half of all cases performed by the residents was lower in the trained group (8.8% vs 12.4%, p=0.02).ConclusionOphthalmic simulation training reduces the total rate of complications of resident-performed phacoemulsification. It also shortens the learning curve for cataract surgery training, as indicated by the decreased posterior capsule rupture rate in the initial cases of cataract surgery.
Silver shiner,Notropis photogenis, fecundity and parasite infections during the reproductive period
Authors: Burbank Jacob , Drake D. Andrew R. , Power Michael 
Published: June 2022

The reproductive period is a critical part of a species’ life history. Estimating species-specific fecundity can improve demographic models aimed at developing recovery targets for imperilled species. We provide egg diameter and fecundity estimates and develop a length–fecundity relationship for silver shiner, Notropis photogenis (Cope, 1865), a small-bodied freshwater species listed as Threatened under Canada's Species at Risk Act. Furthermore, we document the incidence of an acanthocephalan parasite, the thorny-headed worm, Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton, 1891), in the gastrointestinal tract of silver shiner, which is the first published record of the parasite in this species. Silver shiner egg diameters (mean ± standard deviation) were 0.61 ± 0.15 mm and ranged from 0.13 to 0.92 mm. Fecundity ranged from 311 to 2768 eggs and was significantly higher in age 2–3+ fish (1475 ± 570 eggs) compared with age 1+ fish (576 ± 270 eggs). We highlight that parasite infection negatively impacted the body condition of individuals and that additional work is needed to determine the impact of parasite infestation on reproductive output, recruitment, susceptibility to predation, and survival of silver shiner in Canada. The fecundity and egg diameter estimates for Canadian silver shiner provided here can be incorporated into future populations modelling for this threatened species.
On the discrete version of the Reissner–Nordström solution
Authors: Khatsymovsky V. M. 
Published: June 2022

This paper generalizes our previous work on the discrete Schwarzschild-type solution in Regge calculus to the case of a charge. The known in the literature simplicial electro-dynamics retaining like Regge calculus geometric features of the continuum counterpart is incorporated into the formalism. The functional integral provides a loose fixation of edge lengths around some scale and a perturbative expansion, for which we consider, in essence, finding the optimal starting (background) metric/field from the skeleton Regge and electro-dynamic equations. The simplest periodic simplicial structure and the expansion over metric/field variations between 4-simplices are considered. In the leading order of this expansion, the electromagnetic action, as we found earlier for the Regge action, is reducible to a finite-difference form of the continuum counterpart. Instead of infinite continuous metric/field variables at the center, we have finite discrete variables; the discrete metric in the Schwarzschild-type coordinates turns out to change the sign of its variation when approaching the center from the nearest vertices, so that [Formula: see text] is positive at the center (the continuum [Formula: see text] tends to [Formula: see text] at the center). The metric/field in the neighborhood of the center and the curvature and the Kretschmann scalar at the center are estimated.
Using Hierarchical Modeling in Genetic Association Studies with Multiple Markers: Application to a Case-Control Study of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hung Rayjean J. , Brennan Paul , Malaveille Christian , Porru Stefano , Donato Francesco , Boffetta Paolo , Witte John S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Genetic association studies are generating much information, usually in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes. Analyzing such data is challenging, and raises issues of multiple comparisons and potential false-positive associations. Using data from a case-control study of bladder cancer, we showed how to use hierarchical modeling in genetic epidemiologic studies with multiple markers to control overestimation of effects and potential false-positive associations. Methods: The data were first analyzed with the conventional approach of estimating each main effect individually. We subsequently employed hierarchical modeling by adding a second stage (prior) model that incorporated information on the potential function of the genes. We used an empirical-Bayes approach, estimating the residual effects of the genes from the data. When the residual effect was set to zero, we instead used a semi-Bayes approach, in which they were pre-specified. We also explored the impact of using different second-stage design matrices. Finally, we used two approaches for assessing gene-environment interactions. The first approach added product terms into the first-stage model. The second approach used three indicators for subjects exposed to gene-only, environment-only, and both genetic and environmental factors. Results: By pre-specifying the prior second-stage covariates, the estimates were shrunk to the mean of each pathway. The conventional model detected a number of positive associations, which were reduced with the hierarchical model. For example, the odds ratio for myeloperoxidase (G/G, G/A) genotype changed from 3.17 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32-7.59] to 1.64 (95% CI, 0.81-3.34). A similar phenomenon was observed for the gene-environment interactions. The odds ratio for the gene-environment interaction between tobacco smoking and N-acetyltransferase 1 fast genotype was 2.74 (95% CI, 0.68-11.0) from the conventional analysis and 1.24 (95% CI, 0.80-1.93) from the hierarchical model. Conclusion: Adding a second-stage hierarchical modeling can reduce the likelihood of false positive via shrinkage toward the prior mean, improve the risk estimation by increasing the precision, and, therefore, represents an alternative to conventional methods for genetic association studies.
Missense Mutations in the BRCT Domain of BRCA-1 from High-Risk Women Frequently Perturb Strongly Hydrophobic Amino Acids Conserved among Mammals
Authors: Figge Meaghan A. , Blankenship Lynda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Inherited missense mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, BRCA-1, may predispose to breast or ovarian cancer, but the exact effects on the protein are generally unknown. The COOH-terminal region of BRCA-1 encodes two BRCT repeats, which are partially conserved in mammalian species (human, dog, rat, and mouse; 60% amino acid identity). A bioinformatic analysis was conducted to evaluate 246 BRCT missense mutations from high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer patients (reported in the NIH Breast Cancer Information Core database). It was hypothesized that amino acids conserved in evolution would be disproportionately targeted by the mutations and that conserved amino acids with strongly hydrophobic side chains would be disproportionately perturbed. A statistical model was developed, and χ2 tests were used to determine whether missense mutations are randomly distributed throughout the BRCT repeats or whether they disproportionately target certain amino acids. The results showed that missense mutations disproportionately target amino acids that are identical in all four mammals (χ2 = 46.01, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, missense mutations disproportionately perturb conserved amino acids with strongly hydrophobic side chains (χ2 = 68.57, P &lt; 0.001) and alter the strongly hydrophobic property. The two most frequently observed known cancer-predisposing missense mutations in the BRCT repeats, M1775R and A1708E, conform to this pattern. These results suggest that missense mutations affecting highly conserved amino acids with strongly hydrophobic side chains can disturb important features of the BRCA-1 protein and may play a role in breast and ovarian cancer formation.
The Effect of Cruciferous and Leguminous Sprouts on Genotoxicity, In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Gill Chris I.R. , Haldar Sumanto , Porter Shelley , Matthews Sinead , Sullivan Shane , Coulter Jimmy , McGlynn Hugh , Rowland Ian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Vegetable consumption is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, which is the second most common cancer after lung/breast cancer within Europe. Some putative protective phytochemicals are found in higher amounts in young sprouts than in mature plants.
The effect of an extract of mixed cruciferous and legume sprouts on DNA damage induced by H2O2 was measured in HT29 cells using single cell microgelelectrophoresis (comet). Significant antigenotoxic effect (P ≤ 0.05) was observed when HT29 cells were pre-incubated with the extract (100 and 200 μL/mL) for 24 hours and then challenged with H2O2. A parallel design intervention study was carried out on 10 male and 10 female healthy adult volunteers (mean age = 25.5 years) fed 113 g of cruciferous and legume sprouts daily for 14 days. The effect of the supplementation was measured on a range of parameters, including DNA damage in lymphocytes (comet), the activity of various detoxifying enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), antioxidant status using the ferric reducing ability of plasma assay, plasma antioxidants (uric acid, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol), blood lipids, plasma levels of lutein, and lycopene. A significant antigenotoxic effect against H2O2-induced DNA damage was shown in peripheral blood lymphocytes of volunteers who consumed the supplemented diet when compared with the control diet (P = 0.04). No significant induction of detoxifying enzymes was observed during the study, neither were plasma antioxidant levels or activity altered. The results support the theory that consumption of cruciferous vegetables is linked to a reduced risk of cancer via decreased damage to DNA.
Calcium from Diet and Supplements is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of Women
Authors: Flood Andrew , Peters Ulrike , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Lacey James V. , Schairer Catherine , Schatzkin Arthur 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigated the association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of 45,354 women without a history of colorectal cancer who successfully completed a 62-item National Cancer Institute/Block food-frequency questionnaire. Women were followed for an average of 8.5 years, during which time 482 subjects developed colorectal cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards models, with age as the underlying time metric, to estimate risk of colorectal cancer. Cut points between quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary calcium were 412, 529, 656, and 831 mg/day. We created categories for calcium from supplements as follows: 0 mg/day (n = 25,441), 0 to 400 mg/day (n = 9,452), 401 to 800 mg/day (n = 4,176), and &gt;800 mg/day (n =6,285). Risk ratios and confidence intervals (95% CI) for increasing quintiles of dietary calcium relative to the lowest quintile were 0.79 (0.60-1.04), 0.77 (0.59-1.02), 0.78 (0.60-1.03), and 0.74 (0.56-0.98), Ptrend = 0.05. For increasing categories of calcium from supplements, the risk ratios (and 95% CI) relative to no supplement use were 1.08 (0.87-1.34), 0.96 (0.70-1.32), and 0.76 (0.56-1.02), Ptrend = 0.09. Simultaneously high consumption of calcium from diet and calcium from supplements resulted in even further risk reduction, RR = 0.54 (95% CI, 0.37-0.79) compared with low consumption of both sources of calcium. These data indicate that a difference of &lt; 400 to &gt; 800 mg of calcium per day was associated with an approximately 25% reduction in risk of colorectal cancer, and this reduction in risk occurred regardless of the source of the calcium (i.e., diet or supplements).