bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Universe with emerging cosmological probes
Authors: Moresco Michele , Amati Lorenzo , Amendola Luca , Birrer Simon , Blakeslee John P. , Cantiello Michele , Cimatti Andrea , Darling Jeremy , Della Valle Massimo , Fishbach Maya , Grillo Claudio , Hamaus Nico , Holz Daniel , Izzo Luca , Jimenez Raul , Lusso Elisabeta , Meneghetti Massimo , Piedipalumbo Ester , Pisani Alice , Pourtsidou Alkistis , Pozzetti Lucia , Quartin Miguel , Risaliti Guido , Rosati Piero , Verde Licia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe detection of the accelerated expansion of the Universe has been one of the major breakthroughs in modern cosmology. Several cosmological probes (Cosmic Microwave Background, Supernovae Type Ia, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations) have been studied in depth to better understand the nature of the mechanism driving this acceleration, and they are being currently pushed to their limits, obtaining remarkable constraints that allowed us to shape the standard cosmological model. In parallel to that, however, the percent precision achieved has recently revealed apparent tensions between measurements obtained from different methods. These are either indicating some unaccounted systematic effects, or are pointing toward new physics. Following the development of CMB, SNe, and BAO cosmology, it is critical to extend our selection of cosmological probes. Novel probes can be exploited to validate results, control or mitigate systematic effects, and, most importantly, to increase the accuracy and robustness of our results. This review is meant to provide a state-of-art benchmark of the latest advances in emerging “beyond-standard” cosmological probes. We present how several different methods can become a key resource for observational cosmology. In particular, we review cosmic chronometers, quasars, gamma-ray bursts, standard sirens, lensing time-delay with galaxies and clusters, cosmic voids, neutral hydrogen intensity mapping, surface brightness fluctuations, stellar ages of the oldest objects, secular redshift drift, and clustering of standard candles. The review describes the method, systematics, and results of each probe in a homogeneous way, giving the reader a clear picture of the available innovative methods that have been introduced in recent years and how to apply them. The review also discusses the potential synergies and complementarities between the various probes, exploring how they will contribute to the future of modern cosmology.
Intranasal ondansetron microemulsion counteracting the adverse effects of cisplatin: animal study
Authors: Mansour Mai , Nasr Maha , Ahmed-Farid Omar A. H. , Ahmed Rania F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cisplatin is considered one of the most effective and commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, but despite its high therapeutic effectiveness, most patients treated with cisplatin suffer from nausea and vomiting, neurotoxic side effects, and cerebral psychiatric disorders such as depression. Therefore, the aim of the current work was to explore whether a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (Ondansetron) administered via the oral route or intranasally in microemulsion form would alleviate cisplatin’s adverse effects.

Methods
The selected ondansetron microemulsion was characterized in vitro for particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, morphology, and nasal permeation, and in vivo in terms of anti-emetic and antidepressant activity, with the assessment of biochemical markers in brain homogenates.

Results
Results revealed that both orally administered ondansetron and intranasally administered microemulsion were able to counteract the pica effect by increasing food consumption, water intake, and decreasing kaolin intake. They were also able to increase BDNF, normalize IL-6, increase serotonin, and normalize NOx, MDA, GSSH/GSH as well as 8OHdG levels in rats’ brain homogenates. The intranasal ondansetron microemulsion displayed superiority compared to oral conventional ondansetron in terms of increasing food intake, reduction of stomach content, and normalization of serotonin turnover.

Conclusion
Ondansetron microemulsion can be administered by an alternative route of administration (intranasal) rather than oral, for patients on cisplatin chemotherapy.

Graphical Abstract
Application of Deep Learning on Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Analysis: A Review
Authors: Brendel Matthew , Su Chang , Bai Zilong , Zhang Hao , Elemento Olivier , Wang Fei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has become a routinely used technique to quantify the gene expression profile of thousands of single cells simultaneously. Analysis of scRNA-seq data plays an important role in the study of cell states and phenotypes, and has helped elucidate biological processes, such as those occurring during the development of complex organisms, and improved our understanding of disease states, such as cancer, diabetes, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Deep learning, a recent advance of artificial intelligence that has been used to address many problems involving large datasets, has also emerged as a promising tool for scRNA-seq data analysis, as it has a capacity to extract informative and compact features from noisy, heterogeneous, and high-dimensional scRNA-seq data to improve downstream analysis. The present review aims at surveying recently developed deep learning techniques in scRNA-seq data analysis, identifying key steps within the scRNA-seq data analysis pipeline that have been advanced by deep learning, and explaining the benefits of deep learning over more conventional analytic tools. Finally, we summarize the challenges in current deep learning approaches faced within scRNA-seq data and discuss potential directions for improvements in deep learning algorithms for scRNA-seq data analysis.
A PAIR OF EQUATIONS IN EIGHT PRIME CUBES AND POWERS OF 2
Authors: HAN XUE , LIU HUAFENG 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we show that every pair of sufficiently large even integers can be represented as a pair of eight prime cubes and k powers of
$2$
. In particular, we prove that
$k=335$
is admissible, which improves the previous result.
Cross-over septal flap technique for choanal atresia surgery in two centres: how I do it
Authors: Elhassan H A , Karligkiotis A , Searyoh K , Zocchi J , Bozkurt G , Bandi F , Birss M , Adegboyega G , Turri-Zanoni M , Battaglia P , Bignami M , Castelnuovo P 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChoanal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the posterior nasal aperture. Endoscopic endonasal surgery has led to successful choanal atresia repair. This paper describes our surgical technique using septal mucosal flaps without the need for stenting.MethodsThis study comprised a multicentre retrospective review of patient notes. A cross-over septal technique is described, whereby bilateral vertical mucosal incisions are made at the posterior third of the septum, and the atretic plate and posterior vomer are removed. One flap is pedicled superiorly and rotated over the bare skull base and sphenoid bone; the contralateral flap is pedicled inferiorly to cover the exposed vomer remnant and hard palate.ResultsThere were 12 patients from 2013 to 2020, aged 0.07–50 years, with a male to female ratio of 1:5. Ten patients had unilateral and two had bilateral choanal atresia. Nine patients had bony choanal atresia, with the remainder mixed.ConclusionThe cross-over technique for choanal atresia has low morbidity and 100 per cent success in our series. The use of mucoperiosteal flaps to cover exposed bone and minimal instrumentation to the lateral nasal wall reduce post-operative stenosis.
Revisiting Rabindranath Tagore’s critique of nationalism
Authors: Lamba Rinku 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article revisits Rabindranath Tagore’s critique of nationalism as well as his interventions on the theme of samaj. The claim is that contained within Tagore’s reflections on nationalism and samaj is a vision of political community that is stipulated as an alternative to the one espoused by the nation-state mode of politics. Tagore’s formulations of the possibilities within samaj suggest his commitment to normative orders grounded in a notion of relationship as a basis for social cooperation. Tagore contrasts and prioritizes the relationship-based orientation of samaj with what he calls the ‘mechanical’ emphasis of forms of community associated with the nation-state. Tagore articulated his views during the high noon of anti-colonial nationalism in India, and he offers a striking secular and modern political alternative to nationalist visions of community, which I classify as upholding a vision of societal politics. In underscoring the modern and political bases of Tagore’s critique of nationalism and his endorsement of social and political forms related to samaj, I suggest that it would be a mistake to classify Tagore’s perspective on nationalism and samaj as reflecting anti-political, or local-traditionalist, or aesthetic responses to the problems attached to national models of community.
Peasant at the Creation: Some Highlights of an Eventful Life as if Told by Mr. Acheson
Authors: Polsby Nelson W. 
Published: December 2022

The offer to join the University of California faculty came soon after the New Year, when we had returned to Middletown, Connecticut, after our trip to Washington, D.C., recounted in the last chapter, where we renewed our life-long friendship with my mother, Edythe Polsby (later Mrs. H. X. Salzberger), the well-known capital hostess and short-order cook.My wife had a slight cold, and so did not join me for the evening at the home of our neighbor, Professor Clement E. Vose, then Chairman of the Wesleyan University Department of Government. Vose was a sparkling raconteur and wit, a fact not known to many people. In consequence they were often puzzled by his conversation. He was in rare form that evening, no doubt stimulated by the presence of several of the wives of the younger faculty, and also by the guest of honor, Professor Samuel Krislov of the University of Minnesota, then on leave and teaching at Columbia. Vose described in detail the process by which he had acquired knowledge of efforts to repeal the 18th Amendment, and this in turn led naturally to a series of toasts to the memories of Messrs. Joseph Choate, John W. Davis, Harrison Tweed, and so on, all of whom had been in the forefront of that important movement.
Reagan Administration Proposes Sharp Cut-Back in Federal Support for Social Science Research
Authors: Mann Thomas E. 
Published: December 2022

By now most of you are aware of the severe cuts in federal funding for the social and behavioral sciences and for the humanities proposed by the Reagan Administration.At the National Science Foundation, while support for the natural sciences is slated to increase, the proposed budget for the social and economic sciences calls for a 65 percent reduction.At the National Institute of Mental Health (ADAMHA), the Administration proposes to eliminate all social research, which is expected to include research on the family, socialization of children, effects of separation and divorce, evaluation of prevention efforts with children, effects of mass media on behavior of children. In addition, the definition probably will include social policy research, research on race and ethnic relations, studies of community structure and change and studies of social institutions.
Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia under 5 years in Chengdu, China
Authors: Chen Haojun , Liu Chenggui 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is one of the most common community-associated pathogens responsible for pneumonia in children. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) under 5 years in Chengdu, China. Molecular characteristics of S. pneumoniae included serotype and virulence factor performed by using PCR method and sequence types (STs) determined by sequencing seven housekeeping genes. In addition, the potential relationships between molecular characteristics were depicted by minimum spanning tree and correspondence analysis. The prevailing serotypes were 19F (18.52%), 6B (17.59%), 19A (13.89%), 6A (6.48%) and 23F (5.56%) among 108 isolates. The overall coverage rates of 7-valent, 10-valent, 13-valent, 15-valent and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were 47.32, 48.1, 75, 75 and 78.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, the coverage rates of PCV13 among the isolates from CAP patients aged <1 year were high up to 84.2%. MLST analysis results showed that there were 56 different STs identified, of which the dominant STs were ST271 (22.22%) and ST320 (12.04%). Five international clones among STs were observed, including Spain23F‐1, Spain6B‐2, Taiwan19F‐14, Netherlands3‐31 and Denmark14‐32. Additionally, most of the isolates carried ply, psaA, nanA, pavA, piaA and CC271 isolates expressed more of nanA than non-CC271 isolates. Moreover, there were strong relevant relationships among STs, serotypes and virulence factors. Considering serotypes and virulence factors together can be used as the foundation for the formulation of vaccine strategy.
Patterns of enteric infections in a population-wide cohort study of sequelae, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Gohari Mahmood R. , Taylor Marsha , MacKinnon Melissa C. , Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Galanis Eleni , Kaplan Gilaad G. , Cook Richard J. , Patrick David M. , Ethelberg Steen , Majowicz Shannon E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We assessed patterns of enteric infections caused by 14 pathogens, in a longitudinal cohort study of sequelae in British Columbia (BC) Canada, 2005–2014. Our population cohort of 5.8 million individuals was followed for an average of 7.5 years/person; during this time, 40 523 individuals experienced 42 308 incident laboratory-confirmed, provincially reported enteric infections (96.4 incident infections per 100 000 person-years). Most individuals (38 882/40 523; 96%) had only one, but 4% had multiple concurrent infections or more than one infection across the study. Among individuals with more than one infection, the pathogens and combinations occurring most frequently per individual matched the pathogens occurring most frequently in the BC population. An additional 298 557 new fee-for-service physician visits and hospitalisations for enteric infections, that did not coincide with a reported enteric infection, also occurred, and some may be potentially unreported enteric infections. Our findings demonstrate that sequelae risk analyses should explore the possible impacts of multiple infections, and that estimating risk for individuals who may have had a potentially unreported enteric infection is warranted.
Prenatal trimester-specific intake of micronutrients: global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation at birth and persistence in childhood
Authors: Parsons Ella , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Bozack Anne K. , Baccarelli Andrea A. , DeMeo Dawn L. , Hivert Marie-France , Godderis Lode , Duca Radu-Corneliu , Oken Emily , Cardenas Andres 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe prenatal environment may program health and disease susceptibility via epigenetic mechanisms. We evaluated associations of maternal trimester-specific intake of micronutrients with global DNA methylation (%5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylation (%5hmC) at birth in cord blood and tested for persistence into childhood. We quantified global %5mC and %5hmC in cord blood cells (n= 434) and in leukocytes collected in early (n= 108) and mid-childhood (n= 390) from children in Project Viva, a pre-birth cohort from Boston, MA. Validated food frequency questionnaires estimated maternal first- and second-trimester intakes of vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, betaine, choline, methionine, iron, and zinc. Mean (SD) cord blood %5mC and %5hmC was 5.62% (2.04) and 0.25% (0.15), respectively. Each μg increase in first-trimester B12intake was associated with 0.002 lower %5hmC in cord blood (95% CI: −0.005, −0.0003), and this association persisted in early childhood (β= −0.007; 95% CI: −0.01, −0.001) but not mid-childhood. Second-trimester iron (mg) was associated with 0.01 lower %5mC (95% CI: −0.02, −0.002) and 0.001 lower %5hmC (95% CI: −0.01, −0.00001) in cord blood only. Increased second-trimester zinc (mg) intake was associated with 0.003 greater %5hmC in early childhood (β= 0.003; 95% CI: 0.0004, 0.006). Second-trimester folate was positively associated with %5hmC in early childhood only (β= 0.08, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.16). Associations did not survive multiple testing adjustment; future replication is needed. Trimester-specific nutrients may impact various sensitive windows of epigenetic programming some with lasting effects in childhood. Further research is needed to understand the role of gene-specific epigenetic changes and how global DNA methylation measures relate to child health.
Seismic Time‐Lapse Monitoring of Near‐Surface Microbubble Water Injection by Full Waveform Inversion
Authors: Nakata Rie , Jang U‐Geun , Lumley David , Mouri Takuji , Nakatsukasa Masashi , Takanashi Mamoru , Kato Ayato 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMonitoring time‐lapse changes in subsurface physical properties of the near‐surface critical zone is increasingly important with respect to climate change, environmental conservation/remediation, geohazard mitigation, and geotechnical engineering activities. Innovative controlled‐source cross‐well seismic monitoring surveys combined with full waveform inversion analysis enable us to map small and highly localized changes by repeatedly scanning the subsurface between borehole sensors at depth. In the Kanto Basin, Japan, we successfully monitor the dynamic transient fluid‐flow effects of the subsurface injection of microbubble water, which is of interest for soil contamination remediation and preventing earthquake liquefaction. The fluid migration is detected by observing P‐wave velocity changes (∼1%) within a very thin (∼1 m) sediment layer at a depth of ∼25 m. The injected microbubble water of the differential physical properties (temperature) is observed to follow geological and hydrologic preferential fluid‐flow paths rather than diffusing equally in all directions away from the injection well.
Dynamic Full‐Field Imaging of Rupture Radiation: Material Contrast Governs Source Mechanism
Authors: Aichele J. , Latour S. , Catheline S. , Roux P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn seismology, the rupture mechanisms of an earthquake, a glacier stick‐slip and a landslide are not directly observed, but inferred from surface measurements. In contrast, laboratory experiments can illuminate near field effects. The near field reflects the rupture mechanism but is highly attenuated in the case of real‐world surface data. We directly image the elastic wave‐field of a nucleating rupture non‐invasively in its near‐field with ultrasound speckle correlation. Our imaging yields the particle velocity of the full shear wave field at the source location and inside the 3D frictional body. We experimentally show that a strong bimaterial contrast, as encountered in environmental seismology, yields a unidirectional or linear force mechanism for pre‐rupture microslips and decelerating supershear ruptures. A weak contrast, characteristic for earthquakes, generates a double‐couple source mechanism for sub‐Rayleigh ruptures, sometimes preceded by slow deformation at the interface. This deformation is reproduced by the NF of a unidirectional force.
Current Sheet Thinning in the Wake of a Bubble Injection
Authors: Wang Wenrui , Yang Jian , Toffoletto Frank R. , Wolf Richard A. , Nakamura Rumi , Cui Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA crucial property of the substorm growth phase is the current sheet thinning, which is often attributed to adiabatic convection. Injecting low‐entropy bubbles reduce pressure‐balance inconsistencies and restore current sheet thickness to its initial value. Recent observations from Cluster and MMS showed additional thinning of the current sheet in the wake of a transitory bubble injection compared with the configuration before the injection. We employ the Rice Convection Model‐MHD coupled code to investigate how the transport of bubbles causes the fast thinning. The simulation results reconstructed the observations' most prominent characteristics. We find more earthward transport of the magnetic flux in the bubble than its wake, therefore depleting magnetic flux and stretching the magnetic field lines there. Interestingly, additional R0‐sense field‐aligned currents close the enhanced dawn‐to‐dusk current behind the bubble.
A Monthly Index for the Large‐Scale Sea Surface Temperature Gradient Across the Separated Gulf Stream
Authors: Parfitt R. , Kwon Y. , Andres M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe strong sea‐surface temperature (SST) gradient associated with the Gulf Stream (GS) is widely acknowledged to play an important role in shaping mid‐latitude weather and climate. Despite this, an index for the GS SST gradient has not yet been standardized in the literature. This paper introduces a monthly index for the large‐scale SST gradient across the separated GS based on the time‐varying GS position detected from sea‐surface height. Analysis suggests that the variations in the monthly average SST gradient throughout the year result primarily from SST variability to the north of the GS, with little contribution from SST to the south. The index exhibits a weak periodicity at ∼2 years. Sea level pressure and turbulent heat flux patterns suggest that variability in the large‐scale SST gradient is related to atmospheric (rather than oceanic) forcing. Ocean‐to‐atmosphere feedback does not persist throughout the year, but there is some evidence of wintertime feedback.
Link Between the Time‐Space Behavior of Rainfall and 3D Dynamical Structures of Equatorial Waves in Global Convection‐Permitting Simulations
Authors: Jung Hyunju , Knippertz Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEquatorial waves (EWs) control a considerable portion of tropical rainfall variability but numerical models often struggle to capture them. Increased computing power now enables global simulations with resolved deep convection, which is believed to produce more realistic EWs. Here we identify EWs in global ICON simulations with varying horizontal resolution by (a) filtering rainfall based on space‐time spectral analysis and (b) projecting wind and geopotential onto theoretical wave patterns. The simulations demonstrate that Kelvin, mixed‐Rossby gravity and equatorial Rossby waves are consistently represented, regardless of model resolution and convective treatment. For smaller‐scale inertio‐gravity waves, however, explicit convection appears to be a prerequisite. Surprisingly, the associated rainfall signals are not accompanied by corresponding wind patterns but appear to be connected to mesoscale convective systems. This demonstrates the importance of analyzing rainfall and dynamical aspects of EWs jointly for a robust assessment.