bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Tuning of Bi2Se3 Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Desai Neha D. , Patil Vithoba L. , Patil Satish S. , Patil Pramod S. , Bhosale Popatrao N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present report, we have reported the bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) thin films for solar cell application. The synthesis of bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) thin film by using modified chemical bath deposition i. e. arrested precipitation technique (APT). The Physico‐chemical properties of synthesized Bi2Se3 thin films are studied as a function of surfactants. The XRD patterns confirm the nanocrystalline nature. The SEM images reveal morphological transitions from fibrous reticulate structure to spongy balls‐like structure. The compositional analysis confirms bismuth and selenium in good stiochiometry. Optical studies show presence of a absorption in the visible range with a band gap in the range of 1.5 eV to 1.9 eV. All these results reveal that surfactant‐assisted Bi2Se3 thin film is a better candidate for PEC performance.
Ni Particles Fabricated by a Bio‐Polymer‐Assistant Strategy toward the Efficient Reduction of Nitroarenes at Ambient Temperature
Authors: He Lei , Li Tuanhui , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Luo Shizhong , Shi Zhisheng , Yun Ruirui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConsidering of the fact that many of the catalysts reported previously show low selectivity in the hydrogenation reaction. Herein, a series of nickel particles embedded in porous carbon have been synthesized by bio‐template strategy. Among of them, Ni@PC‐900 (PC: porous carbon; 900: the pyrolysis temperature) shows higher activity and selectivity (conversion>99 % within 30 minutes under room temperature) than that of other catalysts. All of the characterizations of the as‐synthesized indicate that the high catalytic activity has a positive correlation with the particle size and distribution of the particles. Moreover, Ni@PC‐900 also exhibits excellent durability maybe due to the well core‐shell structure protecting the active site from leaching during the catalytic process.
Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Studies of bis(Monothiolato) {FeFe} Complexes [Fe2(μ‐SC6H4‐OMe‐m)2(CO)5L] (L = CO, PCy3, PPh3)
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kaur‐Ghumaan Sandeep 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReaction of Fe3(CO)12 with 3‐methoxybenzenethiol in toluene afforded a new bis(monothiolato) hexacarbonyl diiron complex [Fe2(μ‐SC6H4‐OMe‐m)2(CO)6] 1. Substitution of CO in complex 1 with monodentate phosphine ligands (PCy3 and PPh3) further afforded two new complexes [Fe2(μ‐SC6H4‐OMe‐m)2(CO)5(PCy3)] 2 and [Fe2(μ‐SC6H4‐OMe‐m)2(CO)5(PPh3)] 3. All the three complexes were characterized by FTIR, NMR, UV‐Vis, mass and elemental analysis. Further, complexes 1–3 were found to be electrocatalytically active for proton reduction in acetonitrile in the presence of both weak and strong acids as proton sources.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Behavior of N‐Substituted Pyrrole Esters
Authors: Fan Wenpeng , Chu Wenjuan , Li Yaoguang , Han Lu , Li Pengyu , Tian Haiying , Lai Miao , Ji Xiaoming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing glucosamine hydrochloride as the starting material, 4‐(methoxycarbonyl)‐5‐methyl‐1‐propyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid (3) was initially created as an intermediate compound by cyclization and oxidation in order to create novel high temperature stable pyrrole compounds. Furthermore, Steglich esterification was used to produce N‐substituted pyrrole esters (4 a–4 t). All the new compounds were verified using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13CNMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS) techniques were used to examine the thermal behaviors of the compounds 4 f, 4 g, 4 i, and 4 q. Ester bonds from the pyrolysis products 4 g, 4 i, and 4 q might be severed which were consisted of the raw materials as well as the substrates, such as menthol, phenethyl and pyrrole derivatives which are commonly utilized in the sector of spices in foods and cigarette.
Geographic division of exposure environment for concrete structure based on fuzzy clustering‐rough set information entropy
Authors: Luo Daming , Dong Hui , Niu Ditao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDeterioration of concrete structures is closely related to their service environment. Under different environmental conditions, the durability performance of structures will be different. To perform durability design based on local conditions and extend the service life of structures, it is necessary to divide their service environment based on the prevailing deterioration mechanism. In this study, considering Guangdong Province as an example, the environmental conditions affecting the durability of concrete structures are investigated and the geographical distribution of environmental conditions is analyzed, including ambient temperature, precipitation, corrosive gas, acid rain, and salt fog. The weights of the regional durability indexes are calculated by combining fuzzy clustering analysis with information entropy using rough set theory. Based on the assessment data of 1324 existing concrete structures, the durability geographic division map of Guangdong Province, including three regions (Chloride corrosion region, Acid rain‐carbonation coupling region, and Carbonation region), is constructed. This geographic division map is divided into a total of eight subregions by considering the subordinate factors in each region. The environmental characteristics of each region and its dominating deterioration mechanism for concrete structures are analyzed, and suggestions for durability design are provided.
Decreased thioredoxin reductase 3 expression promotes nickel‐induced damage to cardiac tissue via activating oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and inflammation
Authors: Liu Yue , Ma Wenxue , Liu Qiaohan , Liu Pinnan , Qiao Senqiu , Xu Lihua , Sun Yue , Gai Xiaoxue , Zhang Ziwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThioredoxin reductase 3 (Txnrd3) plays a crucial role in antioxidant and anti‐cancer activities, and sperm maturation. The damage of heavy metals, including Nickel (Ni), is the most prominent harm in social development, and hampering Txnrd3 might exacerbate Ni‐induced cardiac damage. In this study, a total of 160 8‐week‐old C57BL/N male mice with 25–30 g weight of Txnrd3+/+ wild‐type and Txnrd3−/− homozygote‐type were randomly divided into eight groups. The mice in the control and Ni groups were gavaged with distilled water and a freshly prepared 10 mg/kg NiCl2 solution. Melatonin (Mel) groups were administered at a concentration of 2 mg/kg for 21 days at the mice's 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Ni exposure up‐regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of mitochondrial apoptosis (caspase‐3, caspase‐9, cytochrome c, p53, and BAX), autophagy (LC3, ATG 1, ATG 7, and Beclin‐1), and inflammation (TNF‐α, COX 2, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, and IL‐7)‐related markers, but down‐regulated the mRNA levels of BCL‐2, p62 and mTOR (p < .05). Ni exposure decreased the expression of BCL‐2 and p62 protein but increased the expression levels of caspase‐3, caspase‐9, cytochrome c, p53, BAX, ATG 7, Beclin‐1, TNF‐α, COX 2, IL‐1β and IL‐2 protein (p < .05). Ni increased the contents of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) (p < .05). Decreased Txnrd3 expression significantly exacerbated changes compared to the Ni exposure (p < .05). Mel significantly attenuated these changes, but the effect decreased when Txnrd3 was inhibited (p < .05). In conclusion, decreased Txnrd3 expression promoted Ni‐induced mitochondrial apoptosis and inflammation via oxidative stress and aggravated heart damage in mice. Decreased Txnrd3 expression significantly reduced the protective effect of Mel to Ni exposure.
Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and non‐coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Lin Shuyun , Long Haijiao , Hou Lianjie , Zhang Ming , Ting Jiang , Lin Haiyue , Zheng Pan , Lei Weixing , Yin Kai , Zhao Guojun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCells are exposed to various pathological stimulus within the cardiovascular system that challenge cells to adapt and survive. Several of these pathological stimulus alter the normal function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins, thus triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the stress or trigger apoptosis of damaged cells. Downstream components of the UPR regulate transcription and translation reprogramming to ensure selective gene expression in response to pathological stimulus, including the expression of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The ncRNAs play crucial roles in regulating transcription and translation, and their aberrant expression is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Notably, ncRNAs and ER stress can modulate each other and synergistically affect the development of CVD. Therefore, studying the interaction between ER stress and ncRNAs is necessary for effective prevention and treatment of CVD. In this review, we discuss the UPR signaling pathway and ncRNAs followed by the interplay regulation of ER stress and ncRNAs in CVD, which provides further insights into the understanding of the pathogenesis of CVD and therapeutic strategies.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Swampland bounds on dark sectors
Authors: Montero Miguel , Muñoz Julian B. , Obied Georges 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We use Swampland principles to theoretically disfavor regions of the parameter space of dark matter and other darkly charged particles that may exist. The Festina Lente bound, the analogue of the Weak-Gravity conjecture in de Sitter, places constraints on the mass and charge of dark particles, which here we show cover regions in parameter space that are currently allowed by observations. As a consequence, a broad set of new ultra-light particles are in the Swampland, independently of their cosmic abundance, showing the complementarity of Quantum Gravity limits with laboratory and astrophysical studies. In parallel, a Swampland bound on the UV cutoff associated to the axion giving a Stückelberg photon its longitudinal mode translates to a new constraint on the kinetic mixings and masses of dark photons. This covers part of the parameter space targeted by upcoming dark-photon direct-detection experiments. Moreover, it puts astrophysically interesting models in the Swampland, including freeze-in dark matter through an ultra-light dark photon, as well as radio models invoked to explain the 21-cm EDGES anomaly.
Chiral gauge dynamics: candidates for non-supersymmetric dualities
Authors: Karasik Avner , Önder Kaan , Tong David 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamics of chiral SU(N) gauge theories. These contain Weyl fermions in the symmetric or anti-symmetric representation of the gauge group, together with further fermions in the fundamental and anti-fundamental. We revisit an old proposal of Bars and Yankielowicz who match the ‘t Hooft anomalies of this theory to free fermions. We show that there are novel and, in some cases, quite powerful constraints on the dynamics in the large N limit.In addition, we study these SU(N) theories with an extra Weyl fermion transforming in the adjoint representation. Here we show that all 21 ‘t Hooft anomalies for global symmetries are matched with those of a Spin(8) gauge theory. This suggests a non-supersymmetric extension of the duality of Pouliot and Strassler. Finally, we also discuss some non-supersymmetric dualities with vector-like matter content for SO(N) and Sp(N) gauge theories and the constraints imposed by Weingarten inequalities.
Fatale neurologische Nebenwirkung einer Anti-CD20-Antikörper-Therapie
Authors: Schmidt Kathie , Skusa Romy , Großmann Annette 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungEine 59-jährige Patientin entwickelte neurologische Defizite nach vorheriger rituximabhaltiger Lymphomtherapie. Die Konstellation aus Marklagerläsionen ohne Schrankenstörung in Groß- und Kleinhirn und DNA-Nachweis des John Cunningham Virus (JCV) aus Liquor führte zur Diagnose einer progressiven multifokalen Enzephalopathie (PML). Die PML ist eine seltene, aber tödliche Infektion des zentralen Nervensystems hervorgerufen durch eine Reaktivierung des JC-Virus, die nicht nur bei HIV-Infektionen, sondern auch iatrogen nach Einsatz monoklonaler Antikörper auftreten kann.
HIV-Postexpositionsprophylaxe in der Notaufnahme: Vorgehen, Tipps & Tricks
Authors: Dehina Nora , Jensen Björn-Erik Ole , Bernhard Michael , Böhm Lennert 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIn zentralen Notaufnahmen stellen sich regelmäßig Patienten nach vermutetem oder gesichertem Kontakt mit dem humanen Immundefizienzvirus (HIV) vor, um dort bezüglich der Indikation einer Postexpositionsprophylaxe (PEP) beraten zu werden. Diese Vorstellungen können nach Risikokontakten im Rahmen einer Tätigkeit im Gesundheitswesen oder aber nach Kontakten im privaten Umfeld erfolgen. Bei der PEP handelt es sich um eine Dreifachkombination antiretroviraler Substanzen, die über 28–30 Tage eingenommen werden müssen. Bei frühzeitiger (im Idealfall innerhalb von 2 h, jedoch nicht später als 72 h) und indikationsgerechter Einnahme kann eine Infektion mit HIV mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit verhindert werden. Da derartige Vorstellungen rund um die Uhr erfolgen können, erfordern sie neben einer Grundexpertise des Notaufnahmepersonals bezüglich der PEP-Indikation, ihrer Nebenwirkungen und ihrer Durchführung standardisierte Abläufe in der Notaufnahme, um den Beginn nicht zu verzögern. Am nächsten Werktag sollte eine Vorstellung in einer infektiologischen Ambulanz bzw. einer HIV-Schwerpunktpraxis erfolgen, um die Indikation fachärztlich zu prüfen und sie ggf. im Sinne von Einzelfallentscheidungen an komplexe Fälle anzupassen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll die Kernaussagen der 2022 überarbeiteten deutsch-österreichischen Leitlinie zur medikamentösen Postexpositionsprophylaxe nach HIV-Exposition zusammenfassen und dem Personal in Notaufnahmen Sicherheit beim Beginn der PEP geben.
KnAC: an approach for enhancing cluster analysis with background knowledge and explanations
Authors: Bobek Szymon , Kuk Michał , Brzegowski Jakub , Brzychczy Edyta , Nalepa Grzegorz J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPattern discovery in multidimensional data sets has been the subject of research for decades. There exists a wide spectrum of clustering algorithms that can be used for this purpose. However, their practical applications share a common post-clustering phase, which concerns expert-based interpretation and analysis of the obtained results. We argue that this can be the bottleneck in the process, especially in cases where domain knowledge exists prior to clustering. Such a situation requires not only a proper analysis of automatically discovered clusters but also conformance checking with existing knowledge. In this work, we present Knowledge Augmented Clustering (KnAC). Its main goal is to confront expert-based labelling with automated clustering for the sake of updating and refining the former. Our solution is not restricted to any existing clustering algorithm. Instead, KnAC can serve as an augmentation of an arbitrary clustering algorithm, making the approach robust and a model-agnostic improvement of any state-of-the-art clustering method. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method on artificially, reproducible examples and in a real life use case scenario. In both cases, we achieved better results than classic clustering algorithms without augmentation.
A two-level distributed algorithm for nonconvex constrained optimization
Authors: Sun Kaizhao , Sun X. Andy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to develop distributed algorithms for nonconvex optimization problems with complicated constraints associated with a network. The network can be a physical one, such as an electric power network, where the constraints are nonlinear power flow equations, or an abstract one that represents constraint couplings between decision variables of different agents. Despite the recent development of distributed algorithms for nonconvex programs, highly complicated constraints still pose a significant challenge in theory and practice. We first identify some difficulties with the existing algorithms based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for dealing with such problems. We then propose a reformulation that enables us to design a two-level algorithm, which embeds a specially structured three-block ADMM at the inner level in an augmented Lagrangian method framework. Furthermore, we prove the global and local convergence as well as iteration complexity of this new scheme for general nonconvex constrained programs, and show that our analysis can be extended to handle more complicated multi-block inner-level problems. Finally, we demonstrate with computation that the new scheme provides convergent and parallelizable algorithms for various nonconvex applications, and is able to complement the performance of the state-of-the-art distributed algorithms in practice by achieving either faster convergence in optimality gap or in feasibility or both.
The effect of scaffolding programming games and attitudes towards programming on the development of Computational Thinking
Authors: Tikva Christina , Tambouris Efthimios 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTeaching and learning Computational Thinking (CT) is at the forefront of educational interest. In the process of teaching and learning CT, learning strategies and tools play an important role. Efforts have been made to apply several learning strategies for teaching Computational Thinking. Among them, game-based learning and scaffolding are widely adopted. However, more research is needed on how the absence and presence of scaffolding strategies in programming games could affect students' cognitive CT learning gains. This study aims to investigate the effect of scaffolding programming games on the development of middle school students’ CT. In addition, herein we aim to explore the effect of students’ programming attitudes in their CT development. To this end, students were introduced to CT under two distinct experimental conditions: a scaffolding version of a programming game and a non-scaffolding version of the same game. Results report statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-intervention CT scores for all students and statistically significant improvement in learning outcomes in favor of the scaffolding group. In addition, the study hypothesized that attitudes towards programming would have an impact on students’ CT. Although this hypothesis has not been confirmed, the results suggest that students who have a less positive attitude towards programming could particularly benefit from scaffolding aspects in programming games.
Second-order asymptotic expansion and thermodynamic interpretation of a fast–slow Hamiltonian system
Authors: Klar Matthias , Matthies Karsten , Zimmer Johannes 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article includes a short survey of selected averaging and dimension reduction techniques for deterministic fast–slow systems. This survey includes, among others, classical techniques, such as the WKB approximation or the averaging method, as well as modern techniques, such as the GENERIC formalism. The main part of this article combines ideas of some of these techniques and addresses the problem of deriving a reduced system for the slow degrees of freedom (DOF) of a fast–slow Hamiltonian system. In the first part, we derive an asymptotic expansion of the averaged evolution of the fast–slow system up to second order, using weak convergence techniques and two-scale convergence. In the second part, we determine quantities which can be interpreted as temperature and entropy of the system and expand these quantities up to second order, using results from the first part. The results give new insights into the thermodynamic interpretation of the fast–slow system at different scales.
Effects of large strain reverse loading on the strain rate dependence and dynamic strain localization of ductile metallic rods
Authors: Zhang Longhui , Townsend David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe dynamic necking of ductile metallic rods with large strain reverse loading history has received little attention in the published literature. A novel bespoke real time strain control setup is constructed to apply the reverse loading directly to the specimen gauge section up to a maximum strain level of ± 0.16. 304L stainless steel is used as a model material in this study. The subsequent tensile tests of the reverse loaded specimens are performed from quasi-static to high strain rates of 1000/s, using a Zwick 050 Machine, hydraulic Instron 8854, and a bespoke split Hopkinson tension bar with high speed photography equipment. The initial flow stress of the 304L rods shows similar strain rate dependence, regardless of the reverse loading history. The local strain rate during strain localization increases dramatically and eventually reaches one order of magnitude higher than the nominal strain rate. A higher strain reverse loading significantly influences the development of necking instabilities, with smaller strain to necking inception, higher local stress in the necking zone, and higher local strain rate up to failure. Instead of evaluating the impact energy absorption up to necking, an analysis of the local stress–strain relationship indicates that the reverse loaded 304L shows good impact energy absorption up to failure. This agrees with the ductile fracture surfaces of the 304L materials with reverse loading.
The “Nigerian mafia” feedback loop: European police, global media and Nigerian civil society
Authors: Cohen Corentin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article looks at the discourses regarding Nigerian confraternities’ expansion to Europe. It analyses how networks of individuals working together for solidarity, economic or political objectives became categorized as organised crime or as a mafia. I use original data and police investigations, interviews with members and victims, judges, police officers, and journalists to show how the work of French and Italian institutions led to the emergence and transformation of discourses regarding the “Nigerian mafia” which, in the context of the 2015 migration crisis, came to designate confraternities. The circulation of these categories and frames cannot only be accounted for by the work of state institutions, but needs to be analysed through the sociology of information production and practices, which explains the effects of circular reporting, imposition of frames and narratives coming directly from investigations on criminal issues instead of other approaches to Nigerian migration.