bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multivariate genetic analysis of anxiety sensitivity, environmental sensitivity and reported life events in adolescents
Authors: Peel Alicia J. , Oginni Olakunle , Assary Elham , Krebs Georgina , Lockhart Celestine , McGregor Thomas , Palaiologou Elisavet , Ronald Angelica , Danese Andrea , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundDespite being considered a measure of environmental risk, reported life events are partly heritable. One mechanism that may contribute to this heritability is genetic influences on sensitivity, relating to how individuals process and interpret internal and external signals. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic and environmental overlap between self‐reported life events and measures of sensitivity.MethodsAt age 17, 2,939 individuals from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) completed measures of anxiety sensitivity (Children's Anxiety Sensitivity Index), environmental sensitivity (Highly Sensitive Child Scale) and reported their experience of 20 recent life events. Using multivariate Cholesky decomposition models, we investigated the shared genetic and environmental influences on the associations between these measures of sensitivity and the number of reported life events, as well as both negative and positive ratings of life events.ResultsThe majority of the associations between anxiety sensitivity, environmental sensitivity and reported life events were explained by shared genetic influences (60%–75%), with the remainder explained by nonshared environmental influences (25%–40%). Environmental sensitivity showed comparable genetic correlations with both negative and positive ratings of life events (rA = .21 and .15), anxiety sensitivity only showed a significant genetic correlation with negative ratings of life events (rA = .33). Approximately 10% of the genetic influences on reported life events were accounted for by influences shared with anxiety sensitivity and environmental sensitivity.ConclusionDifferences in how individuals process the contextual aspects of the environment or interpret their own physical and emotional response to environmental stimuli may be one mechanism through which genetic liability influences the subjective experience of life events.
The role of migration in mutant dynamics in fragmented populations
Authors: Kreger Jesse , Brown Donovan , Komarova Natalia L. , Wodarz Dominik , Pritchard Justin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMutant dynamics in fragmented populations have been studied extensively in evolutionary biology. Yet, open questions remain, both experimentally and theoretically. Some of the fundamental properties predicted by models still need to be addressed experimentally. We contribute to this by using a combination of experiments and theory to investigate the role of migration in mutant distribution. In the case of neutral mutants, while the mean frequency of mutants is not influenced by migration, the probability distribution is. To address this empirically, we performed in vitro experiments, where mixtures of GFP‐labelled (“mutant”) and non‐labelled (“wid‐type”) murine cells were grown in wells (demes), and migration was mimicked via cell transfer from well to well. In the presence of migration, we observed a change in the skewedness of the distribution of the mutant frequencies in the wells, consistent with previous and our own model predictions. In the presence of de novo mutant production, we used modelling to investigate the level at which disadvantageous mutants are predicted to exist, which has implications for the adaptive potential of the population in case of an environmental change. In panmictic populations, disadvantageous mutants can persist around a steady state, determined by the rate of mutant production and the selective disadvantage (selection‐mutation balance). In a fragmented system that consists of demes connected by migration, a steady‐state persistence of disadvantageous mutants is also observed, which, however, is fundamentally different from the mutation‐selection balance and characterized by higher mutant levels. The increase in mutant frequencies above the selection‐mutation balance can be maintained in small () demes as long as the migration rate is sufficiently small. The migration rate above which the mutants approach the selection‐mutation balance decays exponentially with . The observed increase in the mutant numbers is not explained by the change in the effective population size. Implications for evolutionary processes in diseases are discussed, where the pre‐existence of disadvantageous drug‐resistant mutant cells or pathogens drives the response of the disease to treatments.
Contribution of flagellar cap gene in virulence and pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii
Authors: Cheng Zhao , Zhao Xianliang , Jiang Xinyu , Zhang Jie , Li Li , Pei Chao , Zhou Yong , Zeng Lingbing , Kong Xianghui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAeromonas veronii is an important zoonotic and aquatic pathogen that causes a number of illnesses in both humans and animals. It is related to gastroenteritis, skin and soft tissue infections and bacteremia in humans, as well as causing significant economic losses in aquaculture owing to fish sepsis. Here, we constructed the flagellar cap gene (fliD) mutant strain of A. veronii by suicide plasmid‐mediated homologous recombination system and analysed its characteristics. It was found that the deletion of fliD had no effect on growth and biochemical properties and could be inherited stably. However, the motility of A. veronii ΔfliD was significantly reduced, the flagellum was defective and the biofilm formation was attenuated compared with that of A. veronii wild‐type strain. In vivo experiments revealed that the colonization capacity of ΔfliD was significantly lower than that of the wild‐type strain in the period of first 24 h, and the median lethal dose (LD50) was 56 times higher than that of the wild‐type strain. The Cyprinus carpio infected with the wild‐type strain indicated faster death speed and more severe clinical signs compared to ΔfliD strain. These results suggest that fliD is closely related to the virulence of A. veronii and plays an important role in pathogenicity, providing the foundation for pathogenic mechanism studies of A. veronii.
Staying in the loop: Quality of family‐paid caregiver communication and influences on resident mental health in long‐term care
Authors: Falzarano Francesca B. , Cimarolli Verena , Siedlecki Karen L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable research has examined communication dynamics among family members and staff in nursing homes (NHs) and has demonstrated that better communication is associated with more optimal mental health outcomes in both family caregivers and paid caregivers. However, the literature on how communication dynamics influence mental health in long‐term care residents is limited and it has yet to be determined how communication impacts residents across care contexts, such as assisted living facilities (ALFs). The purpose of this study is to examine family caregivers' perceptions of communication with paid caregivers and its influence on long‐term care resident outcomes and to compare how results differ across care settings (NHs vs. ALFs).MethodsData were drawn from a subsample of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the National Study on Caregiving (NSOC). The sample consisted of 142 NHATS participants residing in long‐term care (n = 93 ALF residents; n = 49 NH residents) with an eligible family caregiver who participated in the NSOC. Family caregivers' perceived quality of communication was assessed via questions regarding the frequency, availability, and helpfulness of communication with paid caregivers. Resident mental health was assessed via measures of positive and negative affect, depressive symptoms, and anxiety.ResultsAcross the total sample, greater availability of communication between paid and family caregivers was associated with lower depressive symptoms and negative affect in residents. When examining how these relationships varied across care settings, communication was a stronger predictor of fewer depressive symptoms among residents in ALF settings.ConclusionsStudy findings provide insights into how interpersonal dynamics between family and paid caregivers influence resident mental health and underscore the importance of enhanced communication among all members of the primary care team, that is, paid caregivers, residents, and their family members.
ART1 and putrescine contribute to rice aluminum resistance via OsMYB30 in cell wall modification
Authors: Gao Li Jun , Liu Xiang Pei , Gao Ke Ke , Cui Meng Qi , Zhu Hui Hui , Li Gui Xin , Yan Jing Ying , Wu Yun Rong , Ding Zhong Jie , Chen Xue Wei , Ma Jian Feng , Harberd Nicholas P. , Zheng Shao Jian 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTCell wall is the first physical barrier to aluminum (Al) toxicity. Modification of cell wall properties to change its binding capacity to Al is one of the major strategies for plant Al resistance; nevertheless, how it is regulated in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that exogenous application of putrescines (Put) could significantly restore the Al resistance of art1, a rice mutant lacking the central regulator Al RESISTANCE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (ART1), and reduce its Al accumulation particularly in the cell wall of root tips. Based on RNA‐sequencing, yeast‐one‐hybrid and electrophoresis mobility shift assays, we identified an R2R3 MYB transcription factor OsMYB30 as the novel target in both ART1‐dependent and Put‐promoted Al resistance. Furthermore, transient dual‐luciferase assay showed that ART1 directly inhibited the expression of OsMYB30, and in turn repressed Os4CL5‐dependent 4‐coumaric acid accumulation, hence reducing the Al‐binding capacity of cell wall and enhancing Al resistance. Additionally, Put repressed OsMYB30 expression by eliminating Al‐induced H2O2 accumulation, while exogenous H2O2 promoted OsMYB30 expression. We concluded that ART1 confers Put‐promoted Al resistance via repression of OsMYB30‐regulated modification of cell wall properties in rice.
Calibration of hip accelerometers for measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviours in adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Agiovlasitis S. , Ballenger B. K. , Schultz E. E. , Du Q. , Motl R. W. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe knowledge base on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with Down syndrome (DS) may advance by accelerometer calibration studies. This study aimed to develop cut‐points for sedentary behaviour and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for adults with DS based on output from accelerometers worn on the dominant and non‐dominant hips.MethodsSixteen adults with DS (10 men; age 31 ± 15 years) performed 12 tasks including sedentary behaviours and physical activities. We obtained metabolic equivalents (METs) with indirect calorimetry and vector magnitude (VM) output from triaxial accelerometers (wGT3X‐BT, ActiGraph) worn on the dominant and non‐dominant hips. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify optimal VM cut‐points that maximised sensitivity and specificity.ResultsOverall classification accuracy was very high (area under the ROC curve: 0.95 and 0.92 for sedentary and MVPA models, respectively). For the non‐dominant hip, the optimal VM cut‐points were (1) sedentary behaviour ≤236 counts·min−1 and (2) MVPA ≥2167 counts·min−1. For the dominant hip, optimal cut‐points were (1) sedentary behaviour ≤243 counts·min−1 and (2) MVPA ≥2092 counts·min−1.ConclusionsThe presented VM cut‐points for sedentary behaviour and MVPA for adults with DS had high classification accuracy. There were small differences in accelerometer cut‐points between the dominant and non‐dominant hip.
Preanesthetic ultrasonography assessment of inferior vena cava diameter in the supine position, left lateral tilt position, and with the left uterine displacement maneuver in full‐term pregnant women: A randomized cross‐over design study
Authors: Furuya Tomonori , Hirose Noriya , Sato Hanae , Niikura Risa , Kijima Miho , Suzuki Takahiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPreanesthetic ultrasonography assessment of inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) in the supine position (SP), left lateral tilt position (LLT), and with the left uterine displacement maneuver (LUD) in full‐term pregnant women: a randomized cross‐over design study.AimWe pre‐anesthetically measured IVCD using ultrasonography in the SP, LLT, and the LUD in full‐term pregnant women, using a cross‐over design, to evaluate the effectiveness of LLT and LUD on increasing IVCD, and the presence of inter‐individual differences among patients in the effect of posture on IVCD.MethodsTwenty‐two parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were recruited. All patients were sequentially placed in the SP, LLT, and with LUD before spinal anesthesia induction. Indices of IVCD, measured by subxiphoid ultrasonography, including maximum IVCD (IVCDmax), minimum IVCD (IVCDmin), and collapsibility index (CI) were recorded in each of the postures. Mean or median values of all measurements were compared among the postures.ResultsThe mean values of IVCDmax observed with both LLT and LUD were significantly larger than those in the SP, respectively (SP vs. LLT: p < 0.05, SP vs. LUD: p < 0.01), although there were no significant differences between IVCDmax with LLT and LUD. There were no significant differences in IVCDmin and CI between any of the postures. IVCDmax was highest with LUD in 11 patients (55%), in the LLT in seven patients (35%) and in the SP in two patients (10%).ConclusionsLLT and LUD might be equally effective in enlarging the narrowed IVCD as compared to SP. However, both LLT and LUD might not necessarily be appropriate treatments to relieve IVC compression in some cases.
Intentional and Incidental Vocabulary Learning: The Role of Historical Linguistics in the Second Language Classroom
Authors: M. STRATTON JAMES 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough English and German are both Germanic languages, due to various historical changes, many of their cognates are no longer easily recognizable. This study examined whether knowledge of language history can be beneficial to learners when learning English–German cognates. Thirty‐five English‐speaking second language (L2) learners of 3rd‐semester German at an American university were assigned to either an intentional or incidental learning condition. The intentional group received explicit instruction on 2 historical sounds shifts (Second Germanic Sound Shift, Ingvaeonic Palatalization) and relevant historical semantic changes. In contrast, the incidental group carried out various activities that exposed learners to cognates through reading and oral communication tasks. Results indicate that the intentional group significantly outperformed the incidental group, suggesting that knowledge of language history can be beneficial to learners when learning historically related languages. Declarative knowledge of the historical changes led to significantly greater vocabulary gains and it also provided learners with a tool kit to correctly predict the meaning of several cognates they had not previously encountered before. This study has broad implications for vocabulary learning, language teaching, and applied historical linguistics.
Participatory biosecurity practices: Myrtle rust an unwanted pathogen in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Diprose Gradon , Kannemeyer Robyn , Edwards Peter , Greenaway Alison 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManaging unwanted pests and diseases is a growing concern. Recent shifts in state‐led biosecurity policy have seen a movement towards ‘shared responsibility’ between government, industry and communities. We use social practice theory to show how materials, skills and meanings come together to shape how people understand the spread of myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii), an unwanted disease in Aotearoa New Zealand. We show how ‘shared responsibility’ has emerged in the shift from a government‐led incursion response to myrtle rust, to passive disease reporting using iNaturalist. We offer a reflective aid to help biosecurity practitioners better consider participatory practices for plant health.
Chronic pain and continuity of analgesic treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Valladales‐Restrepo Luis Fernando , Gaviria‐Mendoza Andrés , Machado‐Duque Manuel Enrique , Prado‐Echeverry Julio Andrés , Cortés‐Navarro Jorge Luis , Machado‐Alba Jorge Enrique 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionChronic pain can trigger both physical and mental health complications. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, patients with chronic diseases have had reduced access to some medications.ObjectiveTo determine the pharmacological management of patients with chronic pain and its continuity during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis was a retrospective longitudinal study of the continuity of analgesic use in patients with chronic pain between September 1, 2019 and February 28, 2021 based on a drug dispensing database. Survival analysis was performed until the discontinuation of chronic analgesics.ResultsA total of 12,701 patients who were being treated for chronic pain were identified. Their median age was 70.3 years, and 74.4% were women. The pain of rheumatological origin was the most frequent etiology (46.1%); the most used medications were nonopioid analgesics (78.9%), pain modulators (24.8%) and opioid analgesics (23.3%). A total of 76.1% of the patients experienced interruptions in their management during the study period. The median time to the first interruption of treatment was 5.0 months (95% CI: 4.8–5.2). Those who were treated for oncological pain experienced a greater number of interruptions in their management.ConclusionsThe pharmacological management of patients with chronic pain is heterogeneous, and this real‐world study showed that a high proportion of patients experienced an interruption of pain management during the 12 months following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Salvadoran religious transnationalism
Authors: Barba Lloyd , Vieytez Ana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmong the most widely‐cited aspects of Salvadoran life in the United States is the extent to which Salvadorans constitute a transnational community. This transnationalism manifests itself in nearly every aspect of community life, especially religion. In this article we outline four key dimensions of Salvadoran religious transnationalism. First, we note the importance of doctrine regarding evangelism in shaping the transnational textures of Salvadoran religiosity. Second, we offer examples of structural transnationalism built into denominations and churches. Third, we shed light on the transnational dimensions of the Sanctuary Movement of the 1980s. Fourth, we examine cultural celebrations of Salvadoran religious figures. By way of conclusion, we note areas of further research.
On the Whitham system for the (2+1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Ablowitz Mark J. , Cole Justin T. , Rumanov Igor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhitham modulation equations are derived for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the plane ((2+1)‐dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger [2d NLS]) with small dispersion. The modulation equations are obtained in terms of both physical and Riemann‐type variables; the latter yields equations of hydrodynamic type. The complete 2d NLS Whitham system consists of six dynamical equations in evolutionary form and two constraints. As an application, we determine the linear stability of one‐dimensional traveling waves. In both the elliptic and hyperbolic cases, the traveling waves are found to be unstable. This result is consistent with previous investigations of stability by other methods and is supported by direct numerical calculations.
Robust sure independence screening for nonpolynomial dimensional generalized linear models
Authors: Ghosh Abhik , Ponzi Erica , Sandanger Torkjel , Thoresen Magne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe consider the problem of variable screening in ultra‐high‐dimensional generalized linear models (GLMs) of nonpolynomial orders. Since the popular SIS approach is extremely unstable in the presence of contamination and noise, we discuss a new robust screening procedure based on the minimum density power divergence estimator (MDPDE) of the marginal regression coefficients. Our proposed screening procedure performs well under pure and contaminated data scenarios. We provide a theoretical motivation for the use of marginal MDPDEs for variable screening from both population as well as sample aspects; in particular, we prove that the marginal MDPDEs are uniformly consistent leading to the sure screening property of our proposed algorithm. Finally, we propose an appropriate MDPDE‐based extension for robust conditional screening in GLMs along with the derivation of its sure screening property. Our proposed methods are illustrated through extensive numerical studies along with an interesting real data application.
The mediating role of resilience in the association between MVPA and psychological ill‐being in children with ADHD
Authors: Liang Xiao , Qiu Hui , Sit Cindy H. P. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study investigated the mediating role of resilience in the association between moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological ill‐being, as well as the moderating role of age in the direct and indirect relationship between MVPA and psychological ill‐being in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsEighty‐five children aged 6–12 years (Mage = 8.41 ± 1.44 years) diagnosed with ADHD were recruited. Participants wore an accelerometer on their non‐dominant wrist for seven consecutive days to record MVPA. Resilience and psychological ill‐being were assessed using self‐reported questionnaires.ResultsMVPA was positively associated with resilience but negatively related to depression and stress. Resilience was negatively correlated with depression and stress. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effect of resilience was found between MVPA and depression (−0.006%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [−0.060, −0.020]) in children with ADHD, supporting partial mediation. Moderated mediation analysis further demonstrated that the indirect effect of MVPA on depression via resilience was stronger in older children (−0.008, 95% CI = [−0.023, −0.001]) than in younger children with ADHD.ConclusionThe findings may inform future empirical studies on designing exercise interventions with MVPA levels that help to improve resilience and depression in children with ADHD.
Towards an understanding of performative allyship: Definition, antecedents and consequences
Authors: Kutlaca Maja , Radke Helena R. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdding rainbow filters in support of LGBTQ+ movements or changing profile pictures to black squares to show support for the BlackLivesMatter movement have become common contemporary expressions of solidarity. However, these actions are often criticized as being ‘performative’ and falling short of genuine social change. Despite its popularity, little is known about what performative allyship is and what its pitfalls or potential benefits may be. We review the existing psychological literature on intergroup relations and allyship to provide a definition and framework for studying performative allyship and its consequences for social change. We propose that the term performative allyship refers to easy and costless actions that often do not challenge the status quo and are motivated primarily by the desire to accrue personal benefits. The literature suggests that engaging in performative allyship may have a negative impact on the physical and mental well‐being of disadvantaged groups, but also on allies. We discuss negative and some positive consequences of engagement in performative allyship on disadvantaged groups, allies and society at large and provide directions for future research.