bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale: Psychometric properties for Portuguese neonatal nurses
Authors: Sousa Fátima Pacheco , Roldão Maria Graça , Rebotim Ana Marisa , Figueira Ana Rita , Barbosa Joana , Fradique Emília , Santos Curado Maria Alice 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study is aimed to perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale (NiPCAS) and evaluation of its psychometric properties with Portuguese neonatal nurses.MethodsThe research started with a scoping review that allowed the identification of the NiPCAS. It was a methodological study with a quantitative approach. The semantic equivalence of the items was adjusted with the participation of 20 neonatal nurse experts. They performed facial and quantitative content validation. Psychometric validation of the NiPCAS was performed on a nonprobability nurses sample (n = 283) in 13 level 3 neonatal units between July 2021 and February 2022. Confirmatory factor analysis using the polychoric correlation matrix was performed to estimate factor validity using the “lavaan” package for R statistical software. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and item sensitivity was assessed using the asymmetry and kurtosis coefficients. Empirical indices were considered: chi-square over degrees of freedom; comparative fit index; normed fit index; Tucker–Lewis index, and root mean square error of approximation; average extracted variance and composite reliability were used to assess convergent validity.ResultsAsymmetry and kurtosis were <|3| and <|7|, respectively, suggesting psychometric sensitivity. The convergent validity of the factors was: F1, FCF1 = 0.90 and for F2, FCF2 = 0.80, and a lower value for F3, FCF3 = 0.40. According to the squared correlation criterion average variance extracted (AVE) between the factors, there was no discriminant validity for F1 and F2, but there was discriminant validity for F1, F3, F2, and F3.Significance of resultsThis instrument has implications for providing end-of-life care to newborns and their families. The use of this instrument reveals several barriers and facilitating elements inherent in the organization and culture of the facility and nursing education.
Donald T. Campbell on the institutions of scientific knowledge and the limits to interdisciplinarity
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExtracts from an important article by the American psychologist, philosopher and social scientist Donald T. Campbell are reproduced here, with an introduction underlining the importance of his argument for today. Campbell identified disciplinary boundaries as enablers of specialization but often barriers to scientific innovation and shared knowledge. But instead of unbounded interdisciplinarity, Campbell argued for focused specialisms that cross disciplinary boundaries. This argument is particularly relevant for the development of institutional research in the future.
Quantifying Interdependencies in Geyser Eruptions at the Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Fagan William F. , Swain Anshuman , Banerjee Amitava , Ranade Hamir , Thompson Peter , Staniczenko Phillip P. A. , Flynn Barrett , Hungerford Jefferson , Hurwitz Shaul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Upper Geyser Basin at Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA) harbors the greatest concentration of geysers worldwide. Research suggests that individual geysers are not isolated but rather are hydraulically connected in the subsurface with other geysers and thermal springs. To quantify such connections, we combined techniques from machine learning, causal inference, and dynamical systems to characterize the collective eruptive behavior of a set of 10 geysers over 18 months (April 2007 – September 2008) focusing on geyser‐geyser interactions. Model predictions were up to 15 times more accurate when we sought to predict a geyser's eruption time series based on outflow channel temperatures from the network than based on its own time series alone, suggesting the existence of a complex interconnected subsurface groundwater system. On average, cone‐type geysers had larger impacts on other geysers than did fountain‐type geysers. Similarly, cone‐type geysers were on average more insulated from other geysers. However, substantial unexplained variation remained after considering the cone versus fountain dichotomy. Distance between geysers also affected interactions: nearby geysers had stronger effects on focal geysers than did geysers located farther away. Collectively, results support the hypothesis of geyser interdependence at timescales of 5 min–10 days. Our analyses highlight the existence of quantifiable geyser‐to‐geyser interactions that can be resolved through pairwise and system‐level analyses. These findings emphasize the subsurface interconnectedness of thermal features, provide information relevant to visitor experiences in Yellowstone National Park, and suggest strategies for exploring patterns of interdependence that may exist among other episodic geological phenomena.
Flocculation of Riverine Sediment Draining to the Great Barrier Reef, Implications for Monitoring and Modeling of Sediment Dispersal Across Continental Shelves
Authors: Livsey D. N. , Crosswell J. R. , Turner R. D. R. , Steven A. D. L. , Grace P. R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSediment transport models, utilized to guide land management in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), assume settling velocities for individual silt and clay particles on the order of 0.01 mm/s; however, silts and clays once flocculated exhibit settling velocities on the order of 1 mm/s. In this study, in‐situ (n = 144,912) and laboratory‐dispersed (n = 64) particle size measurements collected using laser diffractometry were compared from nine rivers discharging along 800 km of GBR coastline to determine the extent of in‐situ flocculation. Environmental controls on in‐situ particle size were investigated using decision tree algorithms trained on coeval measurements of salinity, shear rate, and turbidity. Comparison of in‐situ and dispersed particle size measurements demonstrate that suspended‐sediment across all catchments flocculated into larger aggregates with an order‐of‐magnitude difference in median particle size between in‐situ (D50v = 132 μm, σ = 60 μm for all data) and dispersed (D50v = 15 μm, σ = 11 μm for all data) particles. Machine learning algorithms showed excellent promise predicting various measures of in‐situ particle size. Model validation R2 ranged from 0.72 to 0.99, inclusion of catchment as a categorical variable only marginally (<1%) increased R2. These results demonstrate that flocculation is prevalent across all rivers surveyed and that hydrodynamics are more important than inter‐catchment differences (e.g., differences in climate, geology, or land‐use). Implications of widespread flocculation on the determination of end‐of‐catchment sediments loads and subsequent dispersal patterns across continental shelves are discussed to inform the refinement and monitoring of GBR sediment targets.
Observations of Atmospheric Tides in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere of Mars From MAVEN and MRO
Authors: Kumar Aishwarya , England Scott L. , Liu Guiping , Jain Sonal , Schneider Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVariability in the Martian upper atmosphere is strongly linked to the lower atmosphere and much of it can be attributed to vertical wave propagation. Atmospheric tides in particular are a well‐known phenomenon in the Martian atmosphere that play a key role in the transport of energy as they propagate to higher altitudes. Previous theoretical predictions and observations suggest that tides producing wavenumber‐2 and wavenumber‐3 patterns are strongest in a fixed local time at high altitudes, however, the energy they carry and the region of deposition are not well characterized. Given the availability of atmospheric observations from several spacecraft at the same time, in this paper, the nature and behavior of tides are studied concurrently at several altitudes. Here, six intervals are identified focused at fixed low latitudes utilizing simultaneous observations of the middle and upper atmosphere from in situ and remote sensing instruments on different spacecraft. In the middle atmosphere, strong wavenumber‐2 signatures are identified in the intervals north of the equator whereas, in the south, wavenumber‐3 signatures are strongest. Wave signatures observed in the upper atmosphere seem to be dominated by a mix of wavenumbers‐2 and ‐3. Seasonal variation is observed in the northern intervals, with very little interannual variability in all intervals considered. Estimates of energy based on dominant wavenumber amplitude suggest that most of the energy dissipates below ∼90 km. Furthermore, model sampled output captures the dominant wavenumbers observed in the middle atmosphere as well as the energy dissipation characteristics.
Disentangling the Relative Drivers of Seasonal Evapotranspiration Across a Continental‐Scale Aridity Gradient
Authors: Young Adam M. , Friedl Mark A. , Novick Kimberly , Scott Russell L. , Moon Minkyu , Frolking Steve , Li Xiaolu , Carrillo Carlos M. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) is a significant ecosystem flux, governing the partitioning of energy at the land surface. Understanding the seasonal pattern and magnitude of ET is critical for anticipating a range of ecosystem impacts, including drought, heat‐wave events, and plant mortality. In this study, we identified the relative controls of seasonal variability in ET, and how these controls vary among ecosystems. We used overlapping AmeriFlux and PhenoCam time series at a daily timestep from 20 sites to explore these linkages (# site‐years >100), and our study area covered a broad climatological aridity gradient in the U.S. and Canada. We focused on disentangling the most important controls of bulk surface conductance (Gs) and evaporative fraction (EF = LE/[H + LE]), where LE and H represent latent and sensible heat fluxes, respectively. Specifically, we investigated how vegetation phenology varied in importance relative to meteorological variables (vapor pressure deficit and antecedent precipitation) as a driver of Gs and EF using path analysis, a framework for quantifying and comparing the causal linkages among multiple response and explanatory variables. Our results revealed that the drivers of Gs and EF seasonality varied significantly between energy‐ and water‐limited ecosystems. Specifically, precipitation had a much higher effect in water‐limited ecosystems, while seasonal patterns in canopy greenness emerged as a stronger control in energy‐limited ecosystems. Given that phenology is expected to shift under future climate, our findings provide key information for understanding and predicting how phenology may impact 21st‐century hydroclimate regimes and the surface‐energy balance.
MicroRNA-21 is immunosuppressive and pro-metastatic via separate mechanisms
Authors: Chi Lap Hing , Cross Ryan S. N. , Redvers Richard P. , Davis Melissa , Hediyeh-zadeh Soroor , Mathivanan Suresh , Samuel Monisha , Lucas Erin C. , Mouchemore Kellie , Gregory Philip A. , Johnstone Cameron N. , Anderson Robin L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMiR-21 was identified as a gene whose expression correlated with the extent of metastasis of murine mammary tumours. Since miR-21 is recognised as being associated with poor prognosis in cancer, we investigated its contribution to mammary tumour growth and metastasis in tumours with capacity for spontaneous metastasis. Unexpectedly, we found that suppression of miR-21 activity in highly metastatic tumours resulted in regression of primary tumour growth in immunocompetent mice but did not impede growth in immunocompromised mice. Analysis of the immune infiltrate of the primary tumours at the time when the tumours started to regress revealed an influx of both CD4+ and CD8+ activated T cells and a reduction in PD-L1+ infiltrating monocytes, providing an explanation for the observed tumour regression. Loss of anti-tumour immune suppression caused by decreased miR-21 activity was confirmed by transcriptomic analysis of primary tumours. This analysis also revealed reduced expression of genes associated with cell cycle progression upon loss of miR-21 activity. A second activity of miR-21 was the promotion of metastasis as shown by the loss of metastatic capacity of miR-21 knockdown tumours established in immunocompromised mice, despite no impact on primary tumour growth. A proteomic analysis of tumour cells with altered miR-21 activity revealed deregulation of proteins known to be associated with tumour progression. The development of therapies targeting miR-21, possibly via targeted delivery to tumour cells, could be an effective therapy to combat primary tumour growth and suppress the development of metastatic disease.
Time moderates the interplay between 5-HTTLPR and stress on depression risk: gene x environment interaction as a dynamic process
Authors: Delli Colli Claudia , Borgi Marta , Poggini Silvia , Chiarotti Flavia , Cirulli Francesca , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Benedetti Francesco , Vai Benedetta , Branchi Igor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe serotonin-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) has been widely investigated as contributing to depression vulnerability. Nevertheless, empirical research provides wide contrasting findings regarding its involvement in the etiopathogenesis of the disorder. Our hypothesis was that such discrepancy can be explained considering time as moderating factor. We explored this hypothesis, exploiting a meta analytic approach. We searched PubMed, PsychoINFO, Scopus and EMBASE databases and 1096 studies were identified and screened, resulting in 22 studies to be included in the meta-analyses. The effect of the 5-HTTLPR x stress interaction on depression risk was found to be moderated by the following temporal factors: the duration of stress (i.e. chronic vs. acute) and the time interval between end of stress and assessment of depression (i.e. within 1 year vs. more than 1 year). When stratifying for the duration of stress, the effect of the 5-HTTLPR x stress interaction emerged only in the case of chronic stress, with a significant subgroup difference (p = 0.004). The stratification according to time interval revealed a significant interaction only for intervals within 1 year, though no difference between subgroups was found. The critical role of time interval clearly emerged when considering only chronic stress: a significant effect of the 5-HTTLPR and stress interaction was confirmed exclusively within 1 year and a significant subgroup difference was found (p = 0.01). These results show that the 5-HTTLPR x stress interaction is a dynamic process, producing different effects at different time points, and indirectly confirm that s-allele carriers are both at higher risk and more capable to recover from depression. Overall, these findings expand the current view of the interplay between 5-HTTLPR and stress adding the temporal dimension, that results in a three-way interaction: gene x environment x time.
Hydroxylation of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain regulates Notch signaling dynamics
Authors: Ferrante Francesca , Giaimo Benedetto Daniele , Friedrich Tobias , Sugino Toshiya , Mertens Daniel , Kugler Sabrina , Gahr Bernd Martin , Just Steffen , Pan Leiling , Bartkuhn Marek , Potente Michael , Oswald Franz , Borggrefe Tilman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNotch signaling plays a pivotal role in the development and, when dysregulated, it contributes to tumorigenesis. The amplitude and duration of the Notch response depend on the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of the activated NOTCH receptor – the NOTCH intracellular domain (NICD). In normoxic conditions, the hydroxylase FIH (factor inhibiting HIF) catalyzes the hydroxylation of two asparagine residues of the NICD. Here, we investigate how Notch-dependent gene transcription is regulated by hypoxia in progenitor T cells. We show that the majority of Notch target genes are downregulated upon hypoxia. Using a hydroxyl-specific NOTCH1 antibody we demonstrate that FIH-mediated NICD1 hydroxylation is reduced upon hypoxia or treatment with the hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). We find that a hydroxylation-resistant NICD1 mutant is functionally impaired and more ubiquitinated. Interestingly, we also observe that the NICD1-deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 is downregulated upon hypoxia. Moreover, the interaction between the hydroxylation-defective NICD1 mutant and USP10 is significantly reduced compared to the NICD1 wild-type counterpart. Together, our data suggest that FIH hydroxylates NICD1 in normoxic conditions, leading to the recruitment of USP10 and subsequent NICD1 deubiquitination and stabilization. In hypoxia, this regulatory loop is disrupted, causing a dampened Notch response.
Cumulative cultural evolution and mechanisms for cultural selection in wild bird songs
Authors: Williams Heather , Scharf Andrew , Ryba Anna R. , Ryan Norris D. , Mennill Daniel J. , Newman Amy E. M. , Doucet Stéphanie M. , Blackwood Julie C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCumulative cultural evolution, the accumulation of sequential changes within a single socially learned behaviour that results in improved function, is prominent in humans and has been documented in experimental studies of captive animals and managed wild populations. Here, we provide evidence that cumulative cultural evolution has occurred in the learned songs of Savannah sparrows. In a first step, “click trains” replaced “high note clusters” over a period of three decades. We use mathematical modelling to show that this replacement is consistent with the action of selection, rather than drift or frequency-dependent bias. Generations later, young birds elaborated the “click train” song form by adding more clicks. We show that the new songs with more clicks elicit stronger behavioural responses from both males and females. Therefore, we suggest that a combination of social learning, innovation, and sexual selection favoring a specific discrete trait was followed by directional sexual selection that resulted in naturally occurring cumulative cultural evolution in the songs of this wild animal population.
Time diffraction-free transverse orbital angular momentum beams
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Wang , Liu Yuan , Meng Fan-Chao , Dudley John M. , Lu Yan-Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe discovery of optical transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) has broadened our understanding of light and is expected to promote optics and other physics. However, some fundamental questions concerning the nature of such OAM remain, particularly whether they can survive from observed mode degradation and hold OAM values higher than 1. Here, we show that the strong degradation actually origins from inappropriate time-delayedkx–ωmodulation, instead, for transverse OAM having inherent space-time coupling, immediate modulation is necessary. Thus, using immediatex–ωmodulation, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally degradation-free spatiotemporal Bessel (STB) vortices with transverse OAM even beyond 102. Remarkably, we observe a time-symmetrical evolution, verifying pure time diffraction on transverse OAM beams. More importantly, we quantify such nontrivial evolution as an intrinsic dispersion factor, opening the door towards time diffraction-free STB vortices via dispersion engineering. Our results may find analogues in other physical systems, such as surface plasmon-polaritons, superfluids, and Bose-Einstein condensates.
Genomic epidemiology of Delta SARS-CoV-2 during transition from elimination to suppression in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Jelley Lauren , Douglas Jordan , Ren Xiaoyun , Winter David , McNeill Andrea , Huang Sue , French Nigel , Welch David , Hadfield James , de Ligt Joep , Geoghegan Jemma L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNew Zealand’s COVID-19 elimination strategy heavily relied on the use of genomics to inform contact tracing, linking cases to the border and to clusters during community outbreaks. In August 2021, New Zealand entered its second nationwide lockdown after the detection of a single community case with no immediately apparent epidemiological link to the border. This incursion resulted in the largest outbreak seen in New Zealand caused by the Delta Variant of Concern. Here we generated 3806 high quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes from cases reported in New Zealand between 17 August and 1 December 2021, representing 43% of reported cases. We detected wide geographical spread coupled with undetected community transmission, characterised by the apparent extinction and reappearance of genomically linked clusters. We also identified the emergence, and near replacement, of genomes possessing a 10-nucleotide frameshift deletion that caused the likely truncation of accessory protein ORF7a. By early October, New Zealand moved from an elimination strategy to a suppression strategy and the role of genomics changed markedly from being used to track and trace, towards population-level surveillance.
Body weight index indicates the responses of the fecal microbiota, metabolome and proteome to beef/chicken-based diet alterations in Chinese volunteers
Authors: Zhao Di , Shan Kai , Xie Yunting , Zhang Guanghong , An Qi , Yu Xiaobo , Zhou Guanghong , Li Chunbao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRelationships between meat consumption and gut diseases have been debated for decades, and the gut microbiota plays an important role in this interplay. It was speculated that the gut microbiota and relevant indicators of hosts with different body weight indexes (BMIs) might respond differentially to meat-based diet alterations, since lean and obese hosts have different gut microbiota composition. Forty-five young Chinese volunteers were recruited and assigned to high-, middle- and low-BMI groups. All of the volunteers were given a beef-based diet for 2 weeks and subsequently with a chicken-based diet for another 2 weeks. Body weight and blood indexes were measured, and fecal samples were obtained for 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolome and proteome analyses. The fecal metabolites of the low-BMI volunteers showed greater sensitivity to meat-based diet alterations. In contrast, the fecal proteome profiles and blood indexes of the high- and middle-BMI volunteers indicated greater sensitivity to meat-based diet alterations. Replacing the beef-based diet with the chicken-based diet largely changed operational taxonomic units of Bacteroides genus, and thus probably induced downregulation of immunoglobulins in feces. Compared with the beef-based diet, the chicken-based diet decreased inflammation-related blood indexes, especially in high- and middle-BMI volunteers. This work highlighted the role of BMI as an important factor predicting changes in gut homeostasis in response to meat consumption. Compared with the chicken-based diet, the beef-based diet may induce more allergic and inflammation-related responses in high- and middle- BMI Chinese at the current level.