bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet quality in cystic fibrosis – associations with patient reported outcome measures and enablers and barriers to eating a healthy diet: A protocol paper for a mixed methods study
Authors: Greaney Cian , Bohan Katie , Tecklenborg Sarah , Casserly Brian , Green James , Van de Ven Pepijn , Robinson Katie , Tierney Audrey 
Published: May 2022

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (PWCF) have increased energy requirements. However, in recent years concerns have emerged regarding the ‘cystic fibrosis (CF) diet’ in terms of reliance on energy-dense, nutrient poor foods, which tend to be higher in saturated fat, sugar, and salt. These foods lack essential nutrients and are aetiologically linked with diet-related chronic diseases. The aim is to explore habitual dietary intakes in PWCF and (i) assess adherence to CF dietary guidelines and population specific healthy eating guidelines; (ii) derive a diet quality score and the inflammatory potential for the average diet consumed by PWCF and assess associations with patient reported outcome measures; (iii) assess drivers for current consumption patterns and enablers and barriers to eating a healthy diet. Methods: The aim is to recruit between 100-180 PWCF. A mixed methods study will be performed. Using three-day food diaries and food frequency questionnaires, aims (i) and (ii) will be addressed. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and Healthy Eating Index-International (HEI-I) will derive diet quality scores. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) will ascertain inflammatory potential of the diet. Validated questionnaires will be used to report health related quality of life measures. Online focus groups and semi-structured interview with PWCF will address aim (iii). Conclusions: It is timely to revise dietary priorities and targets for CF. However, a greater understanding of what adults with CF currently consume and what they require in terms of nutrition and dietary guidance into the future is needed. In doing so, this research will help to clarify nutrition priorities and simplify the dietary aspects of CF treatment, thereby supporting adherence.
Phoretic relationship between rodents and pseudoscorpions (Arachnida) in Chiapas, México
Authors: Tapia-Ramírez Gloria , Villegas-Guzmán Gabriel A. , Lorenzo Consuelo , Hernández-Núñez Aaron 
Published: May 2022

La foresia se define como una asociación no parasítica entre un animal de pequeño tamaño corporal (foronte) y uno grande (hospedero dispersor), cuyo objetivo es el transporte del individuo pequeño por el grande. Los roedores han sido frecuentemente reportados como hospederos dispersores, de los cuales 39 especies están foréticamente asociadas a 21 especies de pseudoescorpiones. La presente nota, reporta el hallazgo casual de la relación entre roedores y pseudoescorpiones en 2 localidades en Chiapas, México. Los roedores fueron colectados usando trampas Sherman en selva alta perennifolia de Ocuilapa de Juárez, Municipio de Ocozocoautla en Chiapas, México. Posteriormente, los pseudoescorpiones fueron retirados de los roedores mediante pinzas de punta fina, almacenados en viales con alcohol al 70 % y procesados para su determinación taxonómica. Se encontraron 5 pseudoescorpiones de la especie Epichernes navarroi, asociados a 2 especies de roedores: Peromyscus mexicanus y Heteromys desmarestianus. En P. mexicanus se encontraron a 3 pseudoescorpiones sujetándose con sus quelas al pelo cerca de la base de la cola y en H. desmarestianus a 2 pseudoescorpiones sujetándose al pelo de la pata trasera izquierda. Todos los arácnidos encontrados fueron hembras, 3 de las cuales presentaban un saco de crianza de reciente formación, cada uno con 23 a 25 huevos. Existe una relación de foresis activa entre los géneros Heteromys y Peromyscus con Epichernes, la cual probablemente se deba al sobrelapamiento de sus distribuciones. Esta asociación posiblemente se establece en el nido del roedor. Se registra por primera vez a P. mexicanus y a H. desmarestianus asociados foréticamente con E. navarroi; asimismo, es la primera vez que se reporta esta especie de pseudoescorpión para Chiapas, por lo que se incrementa su distribución conocida al sureste de México.
Documentation of a road-killed spectral bat (Vampyrum spectrum) and first report of the species in Tabasco, México
Authors: Pacheco-Figueroa Coral Jazvel , Valdez-Leal Juan de Dios , Cervantes Fernando A. , Luna-Ruíz Ruth del Carmen , Mata-Zayas Ena Edith , Saenz Joel C. 
Published: May 2022

Las carreteras son infraestructuras humanas con efectos negativos para la fauna silvestre; en el caso de los mamíferos, los murciélagos pocas veces se mencionan como víctimas de atropellos. En este trabajo, se presenta el registro de un murciélago espectral (Vampyrum spectrum) atropellado en la carretera 180 del Tramo El Bellote-Santa Cruz, Paraíso, Tabasco, México, representando el primer reporte de esta especie en el estado. El murciélago espectral es el más grande del Continente Americano, el cual es considerado como una especie localmente rara. El hallazgo ocurrió en 2015 durante un recorrido de un muestreo de mortandad de fauna silvestre. El ejemplar fue recolectado e incorporado a la Colección Nacional de Mamíferos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Al momento de la colecta se encontró también el cuerpo de un ave (Tyrannidae). El presente registro corresponde al primero de atropellamiento de murciélago espectral del que se tenga documentación. Las características particulares de vuelo del murciélago espectral de volar cerca de obstáculos y a ras del suelo, lo hace vulnerable a los vehículos y a las colisiones. Es necesario tomar medidas de mitigación que disminuyan los riesgos de colisión para esta especie y murciélagos en general.
Predicting robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty operating time
Authors: Motesharei Arman , Batailler Cecile , De Massari Daniele , Vincent Graham , Chen Antonia F. , Lustig Sébastien 
Published: May 2022

Aims No predictive model has been published to forecast operating time for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aims of this study were to design and validate a predictive model to estimate operating time for robotic-assisted TKA based on demographic data, and evaluate the added predictive power of CT scan-based predictors and their impact on the accuracy of the predictive model. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 1,061 TKAs performed from January 2016 to December 2019 with an image-based robotic-assisted system. Demographic data included age, sex, height, and weight. The femoral and tibial mechanical axis and the osteophyte volume were calculated from CT scans. These inputs were used to develop a predictive model aimed to predict operating time based on demographic data only, and demographic and 3D patient anatomy data. Results The key factors for predicting operating time were the surgeon and patient weight, followed by 12 anatomical parameters derived from CT scans. The predictive model based only on demographic data showed that 90% of predictions were within 15 minutes of actual operating time, with 73% within ten minutes. The predictive model including demographic data and CT scans showed that 94% of predictions were within 15 minutes of actual operating time and 88% within ten minutes. Conclusion The primary factors for predicting robotic-assisted TKA operating time were surgeon, patient weight, and osteophyte volume. This study demonstrates that incorporating 3D patient-specific data can improve operating time predictions models, which may lead to improved operating room planning and efficiency. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(5):383–389.
Experimental and analytical evaluation of an active barium vapor notch filter functioning at 355  nm
Authors: Hetlage M. , Limbach C. 
Published: May 2022

This work presents an experimental and theoretical study of the6s21S0→6s6p3P10(791 nm) and5s5d3D2→6s5f3F20(355 nm) transitions within a low vapor pressure barium vapor in the absence of a buffer gas. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first measurement of the latter absorption feature. The study is motivated by the development of an optically controlled atomic vapor notch filter functioning at the third harmonic of the commonly used Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm. The low-pressure environment within the vapor source has enabled a deeper understanding of barium vapor collisional and velocity changing properties with a simple pump-probe spectroscopy measurement. The results demonstrate depletion of the ground state and subsequent population of the5s5d3D2level. Most notably, the5s5d3D2→6s5f3F20transition displays a non-thermal, cusped absorption curve. An analysis of this line shape in the context of existing analytical collisional kernels is presented. Additionally, a six-level kinetic model of the low-lying energy levels, incorporating spatial diffusion and collisional and radiative transitions, is introduced and compared to the measured level populations for the barium ground state and excited5s5d3D2state.
Ultra-wide varifocal imaging with selectable region of interest capacity using Alvarez lenses actuated by a dielectric elastomer
Authors: Hao Qun , Chen Chuanxun , Cao Jie , Li Zhikuo , Cheng Yang 
Published: May 2022

A remarkable feature of Alvarez lenses is that a wide focal length tuning range can be achieved using lateral displacement rather than commonly used axial translation, thus, reducing the overall length of varifocal imaging systems. Here, we present novel lens elements based on Alvarez lenses actuated by a dielectric elastomer (DE). The proposed lens elements are composed of the varifocal component and the scanning component. Based on the proposed lens elements, an imaging system is built to realize ultra-wide varifocal imaging with a selectable region of interest. The lens elements have a variable focus function based on an Alvarez lens structure and a DE actuator and a scanning function based on the DE-based four-quadrant actuators. The large deformation generated by the DE actuators permits the lateral displacement of the Alvarez lenses up to 1.145 mm. The focal length variation of the proposed varifocal component is up to 30.5 times, where the maximum focal length is 181 mm and the minimum focal length is 5.94 mm. The rise and fall times of the varifocal component are 160 ms and 295 ms, respectively. By applying different voltages on four-quadrant actuators, the scanning component allows the varifocal component to move in different directions and endows the varifocal component with a selectable region of interest imaging capability. The scanning range of the scanning component is 17.57°. The imaging resolution of the imaging system is approximately 181 lp/mm. The system developed in the current study has the potential to be used in consumer electronics, endoscopy, and microscopy in the future.
A real-world prospective study on dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury
Authors: Gomes Conrado Lysandro R. , Yamane Thais Lira Cleto , Ruzany Frederico , Rocco Suassuna José Hermógenes 
Published: May 2022

Background
Current information about acute kidney injury (AKI) epidemiology in developing nations derives mainly from isolated centers, with few quality multicentric epidemiological studies. Our objective was to describe a large cohort of patients with dialysis-requiring AKI derived from ordinary clinical practice within a large metropolitan area of an emerging country, assessing the impact of age and several clinical predictors on patient survival across the spectrum of human life.

Methods
We analyzed registries drawn from 170 hospitals and medical facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in an eleven-year period (2002–2012). The study cohort was comprised of 17,158 pediatric and adult patients. Data were analyzed through hierarchical logistic regression models and mixed-effects Cox regression for survival comparison across age strata.

Results
Severe AKI was mainly hospital-acquired (72.6%), occurred predominantly in the intensive care unit (ICU) (84.9%), and was associated with multiple organ failure (median SOFA score, 11; IQR, 6–13). The median age was 75 years (IQR, 59–83; range, 0–106 years). Community-acquired pneumonia was the most frequent admission diagnosis (23.8%), and sepsis was the overwhelming precipitating cause (72.1%). Mortality was 71.6% and was higher at the age extremes. Poor outcomes were driven by age, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, liver dysfunction, type 1 cardiorenal syndrome, the number of failing organs, sepsis at admission, later sepsis, the Charlson score, and ICU admission. Community-acquired AKI, male gender, and pre-existing chronic kidney disease were associated with better outcomes.

Conclusions
Our study adds robust information about the real-world epidemiology of dialysis-requiring AKI with considerable clinical detail. AKI is a heterogeneous syndrome with variable clinical presentations and outcomes, including differences in the age of presentation, comorbidities, frailty state, precipitation causes, and associated diseases. In the cohort studied, AKI characteristics bore more similarities to upper-income countries as opposed to the pattern traditionally associated with resource-limited economies.
Individual and community-level determinants of underweight among lactating mothers in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Teferu Zinash , Tekalegn Yohannes , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Zenbaba Demisu , Desta Fikreab , Seyoum Kenbon , Gezahegn Habtamu , Shiferaw Damtew Solomon , Mamo Ayele , Chattu Vijay Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background
Determining the nutritional status of lactating women is important because underweight lactating mothers will have low energy levels and reduced cognitive abilities, which will affect the inadequate care of their young children. Thus, malnutrition is passed down from generation to generation, perpetuating the vicious cycle. There is scarce national data on determinants of underweight among lactating mothers in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to identify individual and community-level determinants of underweight among lactating mothers in Ethiopia.

Methods
Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) from 2016 were used. A total of 3848 lactating mothers were included in this study, and a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify determinants of underweight among lactating mothers.

Results
The odds of being underweight among rural lactating mothers were 65% higher (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.13, 2.41) than lactating mothers in the urban area. The odds of being underweight among lactating mothers who have toilet facilities were 33% lower (AOR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.54, 0.83) compared with those do not have toilet facilities. Those mothers in the age group of 25–34 years and greater than 35 years had (AOR = 0.61,95%CI = 0.48, 0.79), and (AOR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.47, 0.95) times lower chance of being underweight compared with those who had 15–24 years of age, respectively. The likelihood of being underweight among lactating mothers in high community poverty (AOR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.08, 1.82) was higher than the lower community poverty level.

Conclusion
Underweight among lactating mothers was significantly associated with individual-level (age and toilet facilities) variables and community-level (residence and community poverty). Therefore, focusing on these identified factors could improve underweight among lactating mothers in Ethiopia.
COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality and hospitalization-related utilization and expenditure: Analysis of a South African private health insured population
Authors: Solanki Geetesh , Wilkinson Thomas , Bansal Shailav , Shiba Joshila , Manda Samuel , Doherty Tanya 
Published: May 2022

Background
Evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization, mortality, hospital stay and cost of treatment in the African context is limited. This study aims to quantify the impact of known risk factors on these outcomes in a large South African private health insured population.

Methods and findings
This is a cross sectional analytic study based on the analysis of the records of members belonging to health insurances administered by Discovery Health (PTY) Ltd. Demographic data for 188,292 members who tested COVID-19 positive over the period 1 March 2020–28 February 2021 and the hospitalization data for these members up until 30 June 2021 were extracted. Logistic regression models were used for hospitalization and death outcomes, while length of hospital stay and (log) cost per patient were modelled by negative binominal and linear regression models. We accounted for potential differences in the population served and the quality of care within different geographic health regions by including the health district as a random effect. Overall hospitalization and mortality risk was 18.8% and 3.3% respectively. Those aged 65+ years, those with 3 or more comorbidities and males had the highest hospitalization and mortality risks and the longest and costliest hospital stays. Hospitalization and mortality risks were higher in wave 2 than in wave 1. Hospital and mortality risk varied across provinces, even after controlling for important predictors. Hospitalization and mortality risks were the highest for diabetes alone or in combination with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions
These findings can assist in developing better risk mitigation and management strategies. It can also allow for better resource allocation and prioritization planning as health systems struggle to meet the increased care demands resulting from the pandemic while having to deal with these in an ever-more resource constrained environment.
Impact of sodium citrate ingestion during recovery after strenuous exercise in the heat on heart rate variability: A randomized, crossover study
Authors: Fiedler Janis , Šmite Zane , Suvi Silva , Timpmann Saima , Mooses Martin , Medijainen Luule , Unt Eve , Ööpik Vahur 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChanges in hydration status influence plasma volume (PV) which is associated with post‐exercise parasympathetic reactivation. The present study hypothesized that, after dehydrating cycling exercise in the heat (DE), stimulation of PV expansion with sodium citrate (CIT) supplementation would promote heart rate variability (HRV) recovery in endurance‐trained men. Twelve participants lost 4% of body mass during DE. During subsequent 16‐h recovery, participants consumed water ad libitum (CIT =5.5‐L, PLC =5.1‐L) and ate prescribed food supplemented with CIT or placebo in a randomized, double‐blind, crossover manner. Relative changes in PV were assessed across DE and 16‐h recovery. HRV was analyzed before and 16 h after DE in three conditions for altogether four 5‐min periods: supine in a thermoneutral environment, supine in the heat (32°C, 46% relative humidity; 2 periods), and standing in the heat. A larger expansion of PV across 16‐h recovery occurred in CIT compared to placebo trial (p < 0.0001). However, no between‐trial differences appeared in HRV parameters (lnRMSSD, lnSDNN, lnLF/HF) in any 5‐min period analyzed before or 16 h after DE (in all cases p > 0.05). Increases in HR (p < 0.001) and lnLF/HF (p = 0.005) and decreases in lnRMSSD (p < 0.001) and lnSDNN (p < 0.001) occurred following DE in both trials. Larger PV expansion induced by CIT supplementation after DE does not improve recovery of HRV at rest and has no influence on HRV responsiveness in endurance‐trained men.
Effects of training on plasmatic cortisol and testosterone in football female referees
Authors: Muscella Antonella , My Giulia , Okba Selmi , Zangla Daniele , Bianco Antonino , Marsigliante Santo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is very little about the impact that sports training has on female football referees. Therefore, we determined the effects of a 40‐week physical preparation, including a full football season, on plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations and physical performance in female football referees. Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were assayed together with fitness tests at the beginning of the training period (T0, in September), after 8 weeks from T0 (T1), at the mid of the season (T2, 24 weeks after T0), and at the end of the season (T3, in June, 40 weeks after T0). Plasma cortisol increased during the first period and up to T2 (from 15.4 ± 4.7 to 28.5 ± 3.9 µg/dl; p < 0.001), and then decreased at the end of the season (T3: 16.0 ± 2.4 µg/dl). Plasma testosterone concentration in T0 was 14.2±0.37 µg/dl and increased in T1 (57.1 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and T2 (47 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and then decreased in T3 (33.5 ± 2.8 µg/dl). Resting testosterone levels in women were very low (14,2 ± 0.37 µg/dl) (Figure 3c). Testosterone increased in T1 (57.1 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and T2 (47 ± 3.7 µg/dl) whilst, at the end of the season, its concentration decreased (33.5 ± 2.8 µg/dl) (Figure 3c). Significant improvements were observed in all physical performances during the observed period (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Finally, testosterone and cortisol concentrations significantly (p < 0.0001 for both) correlated with maximal oxygen consumption. In T1, testosterone concentration was also significantly correlated with running speed test (p < 0.001). In conclusion, training induces endocrine changes in order to maintain body homeostasis in women referees. It is important that coaches and sports scientists regularly observe changes in endocrine function induced by training and matches in female referees, because they can help maximize referees’ performance and limit cases of overtraining.
A wood-mimetic porous MXene/gelatin hydrogel for electric field/sunlight bi-enhanced uranium adsorption
Authors: Chen Lin , Sun Ye , Wang Jiawen , Ma Chao , Peng Shuyi , Cao Xingyu , Yang Lang , Ma Chunxin , Duan Gaigai , Liu Zhenzhong , Wang Hui , Yuan Yihui , Wang Ning 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Although diverse uranium (U) adsorbents have been explored, it is still a great challenge for high-efficient uranium extraction form seawater. Herein a wood-mimetic oriented porous Ti3C2T
x
-MXene/gelatin hydrogel (MGH) has been explored through growing directional ice crystals cooled by liquid nitrogen and subsequently forming pores by freeze-dry (Ice-template) method, for ultrafast and high-efficient U-adsorption from seawater with great enhancement by both electric field and sunlight. Different from disperse Ti3C2T
x
-MXene powder, this MGH not only can be easily utilized but also can own ultrahigh specific surface area for high-efficient U-adsorption. The U-adsorbing capacity of this MGH (10 mg) can reach 4.17 mg·g−1 after only 1 week in 100 kg of seawater, which is outstanding in existing adsorbents. Furthermore, on the positive pole of 0.4 V direct current source or under 1-sun irradiation, the U-adsorbing capacity of the MGH can increase by 57.11% and 13.57%, respectively. Most importantly, the U-adsorption of this hydrogel can be greatly enhanced by simultaneously using the above two methods, which can increase the U-adsorbing capacity by 79.95% reaching 7.51 mg·g−1. This work provides a new biomimetic porous MXene-based hydrogel for electric field/sunlight bi-enhanced high-efficient U-extraction from seawater, which will inspire new strategy to design novel U-adsorbents and systems.