bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biliary dyskinesia in children with irritable bowel syndrome: overlap syndrome. The search for a modern approach to the treatment of abdominal pain syndrome
Authors: Nizhevitch A. A. , Gimazetdinova R. Sh. , Tuygunov M. M. , Yakupova G. M. 
Published: January 2022

Objective. To optimize therapeutic approaches to the treatment of abdominal pain syndrome in children with overlapping syndrome of biliary dyskinesia + irritable bowel syndrome.Characteristics of children and research methods. The study included 309 children aged from 13 to 17 years. Irritable bowel syndrome was diagnosed in 76 (24.6%) patients in accordance with the Rome IV revision criteria and the results of laboratory and instrumental studies. 45 (59.2%) patients had a variant of the syndrome with constipation, 19 (25%) – a variant with diarrhea, 12 (15.8%) – a mixed variant (alternating constipation with diarrhea). Biliary pain was detected in 58 (76.3%) patients, including 34 (44.7%) patients with constipation, 13 (17.1%) with diarrhea variants and 11 (14.5%) with mixed option. The researchers used two treatment options: trimebutin (Trimedat, ValentaPharm, Russia) in an age dosage for 28 days (main group) and papaverine in an age dosage for 4 weeks (comparison group).Results. The main group demonstrated a more pronounced decrease in the intensity of abdominal pain associated with both irritable bowel syndrome and biliary dyskinesia. Differences between treatment results in the main and control groups are statistically significant (p<0.01). During the treatment period there were no cases of side effects in the main group, the differences in the frequency of side effects between the main group and the comparison group are statistically significant. (p=0.01).Conclusion. Correction of abdominal pain with trimebutin significantly exceeds the effectiveness of standard antispasmodic therapy in the treatment of overlap syndrome of irritable bowel syndrome + biliary dyskinesia. Trimebutin therapy is safe and can be recommended as a fairly effective method of treating children with overlap syndrome.
Development of category-based scoring support vector regression (CBS-SVR) for drought prediction
Authors: Bazrkar Mohammad Hadi , Chu Xuefeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing the existing measures for training numerical (non-categorical) prediction models can cause misclassification of droughts. Thus, developing a drought category-based measure is critical. Moreover, the existing fixed drought category thresholds need to be improved. The objective of this research is to develop a category-based scoring support vector regression (CBS-SVR) model based on an improved drought categorization method to overcome misclassification in drought prediction. To derive variable threshold levels for drought categorization, K-means (KM) and Gaussian mixture (GM) clustering are compared with the traditional drought categorization. For drought prediction, CBS-SVR is performed by using the best categorization method. The new drought model was applied to the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) in the USA. In the model training and testing, precipitation, temperature, and actual evapotranspiration were selected as the predictors, and the target variables consisted of multivariate drought indices, as well as bivariate and univariate standardized drought indices. Results indicated that the drought categorization method, variable threshold levels, and the type of drought index were the major factors that influenced the accuracy of drought prediction. The CBS-SVR outperformed the support vector classification and traditional SVR by avoiding overfitting and miscategorization in drought prediction.
Application of hydrological model to assess river flow in the transboundary cryosphere and data-scarce watershed, a case study: Chitral-Kabul River Basin (C-KRB) in Pakistan
Authors: Azzam Abdullah , Zhang Wanchang , Shahid Muhammad Adnan , Elbeltagi Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Severe water crises in Pakistan and growing demands in Afghanistan require a bilateral agreement on the Kabul River Basin (KRB) but precise stream-flow data is a critical matter. The aim of this research is to assess the stream-flow of the data-scarce transboundary Chitral-Kabul River Basin (C-KRB) in Pakistan using a hydrologic modeling approach. The HEC-HMS model was applied for predicting peak-flow and simulating runoff of the C-KRB. The model was calibrated over the period 2010–2011 (66% of all data) and validated for 2012 (33% of all data). Our findings showed that the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and R2 were 0.70 and 0.89 respectively. The simulated peak-outflow was 850 m3/s on 1 August, which was quite close to the observed peak-flow of 861 m3/s on 3 August 2012. The difference in peak-flow (Dp) was −4.45% and the deviation of runoff volume (Dv) was −26.95%. It was concluded that HEC-HMS can be applied as a rapid tool in predicting future flow using the freely accessible rainfall and snow-cover data. Furthermore, this approach can be utilized for water users, developers and planners to provide first-hand information for formulating any bilateral agreement on shared water of the KRB between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Investigation of electrode passivation during electrocoagulation treatment with aluminum electrodes for high silica content produced water
Authors: Yasri Nael G. , Ingelsson Markus , Nightingale Michael , Jaggi Aprami , Dejak Michael , Kryst Katerina , Oldenburg Thomas B. P. , Roberts Edward P. L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the main challenges for the implementation of electrocoagulation (EC) in water treatment are fouling and passivation of the electrodes, especially for applications with high contaminant concentrations. For the first time, we investigated in this study the process of fouling mitigation by polarity reversal during the EC treatment of boiler blowdown water from oil-sands produced water, characterized by high silica concentrations (0.5–4 g L−1). This effluent is typically obtained from an evaporative desalination process in oil production industries. Potentiodynamic characterisation was used to study the impact of passivation on the anode dissolution. Although a charge loading of 4,800 C L−1 was found to remove about 98% of silica from a 1 L batch of 4 g L−1 Si solution, fouling reduced the performance significantly to about 40% in consecutive cycles of direct current EC (DC-EC) treatment. Periodic polarity reversal (PR) was found to reduce the amount of electrode fouling. Decreasing the polarity period from 60 to 10 s led to the formation of a soft powdery fouling layer that was easily removed from the electrodes. In contrast, with DC operation, a hard scale deposit was observed. The presence of organics in the field samples did not significantly affect the Si removal, and organics with high levels of oxygen and sulfate groups were preferentially removed. Detailed electrochemical and economic investigations suggest that the process operating at 85 °C achieves 95% silica removal (from an initial concentration of 481 mg L−1) with an electrical energy requirement of 0.52 kWh m−3, based on a charge loading of 1,200 C L−1, an inter-electrode gap of 1.8 cm and a current density of 16 mA cm−2.
Cucurbitacins and the Immune System: Update in Research on Anti-
inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms
Authors: Silvestre Geovana F. Guedes , de Lucena Renally Pereira , da Silva Alves Harley 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Cucurbitacins are a wide group of natural products found in several plant families,
especially in the Cucurbitaceae family. In the last decade, there has been a significant
increase in studies aimed at identifying new biological activities of cucurbitacins
and describing their mechanisms of action. The most researched pharmacological activities
are antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activity, the first being recently reviewed.
The present review explains the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory
potential of cucurbitacins, identifying the most studied compounds in this area and exploring
their mechanisms of action already studied. A brief report was made about the
main structural characteristics of cucurbitacins, in addition to an update on the biological
activities attributed to this class in the last 5 years. Cucurbitacin B and cucurbitacin E
have been identified as the most investigated when it comes to the immune response,
playing roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. The most cited mechanisms were inhibition
of COX-2 and NOS, reduction of oxidative stress, suppression of proinflammatory
cytokines and modulation of acquired immunity proteins. It was found that cucurbitacins
are promising molecules in the search for therapeutic innovation and have wide
versatility in the immune response.
A Facile Total Synthesis of Kilogram-Scale Production of SKLB1039: A Novel and
Selective Hexahydroisoquinolin-Containing EZH2 Inhibitor
Authors: Yu Luoting , Zhang Xiaoling , Feng Qiang , Zhang Qiangsheng , He Hualong , Zhang Lidan , Chang Bo 
Published: January 2022

Background:
SKLB1039 is a potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable EZH2 inhibitor, which
significantly inhibited breast tumor growth and metastasis in pre-clinical studies. In a previously reported synthesis
of SKLB1039, the yields of several steps were low, which led to an overall yield of less than 10%. In addition,
flash chromatography was required for the purification of several intermediates using this route.

Objective:
To optimize the synthesis and establish an efficient commercial-scale method for the production of
SKLB1039.

Methods:
The reaction time, solvent, reactant ratio, temperature, and mode of addition of reactants in the reductive
amination, hydrolysis, hexahydroisoquinoline formation, hydrogenolysis, condensation and Suzuki crosscoupling
reactions were optimized.

Results:
A chromatography-free seven-step process starting from a commercially available material was developed
that afforded SKLB1039 in 36% overall yield with > 99% purity.

Conclusion:
A cost-effective, high-yielding, and convergent kilo-scale synthesis for the EZH2 inhibitor
SKLB1039 was developed. The operation was simple, and the pure product was easily obtained without column
chromatography. This method will be economical and convenient for the subsequent industrial scale-up production
of SKLB1039, which will be conducive for this promising EZH2 inhibitor to enter clinical studies of its antitumor
effects.
miRNA-193b-5p Suppresses Pancreatic Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, Epithelial
Mesenchymal Transition, and Tumor Growth by Inhibiting eEF2K
Authors: Gurbuz Nilgun , Kahraman Nermin , Sonmez Hafize Elif , Mokhlis Hamada Ahmed , Kosar Pinar Aslan , Ozpolat Bulent 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 4th leading cause of cancer deaths in the US due to lack of effective targeted therapeutics and extremely poor prognosis.

Objective:
To investigate the role of miR-193b and related signaling mechanism in PDAC cell proliferation, invasion and tumor growth.

Methods:
Using PDAC cell lines we performed cell viability, colony formation, in vitro wound healing and matrigel invasion assays following transfection with miR-193b mimic or control-miR. To identify potential downstream targets of miR-193b we utilized miRNA-target prediction algorithms and investigate regulation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathways and mediators of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) The role of miR-193b in PDAC tumorigenesis was evaluated in in vivo tumor growth of Panc-1 xenograft model in nude mice.

Results:
We found that miR-193b is under expressed in PDAC cells compared to corresponding normal pancreatic epithelial cells and demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-193b reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion and EMT through downregulation of eEF2K signaling in PDAC cells. miR-193b expression led to increased expression of E-Cadherin and Claudin-1, while decreasing Snail and TCF8/ZEB1 expressions via eEF2K and MAPK/ERK axis. In vivo systemic injection of miR-193b using lipid-nanoparticles twice a week reduced tumor growth of Panc-1 xenografts and eEF2K expression in nude mice.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that miR-193b expression suppresses PDAC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT through inhibition of eEF2K/MAPK-ERK oncogenic axis and that miR-193b-based RNA therapy might be an effective therapeutic strategy to control growth of PDAC.
AS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS COMO CATÁSTROFE GLOBAL E O REFUGIADO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Guerra Sidney 
Published: January 2022

A proteção do meio ambiente passou a ter relevância no sistema internacional a partir do momento que a degradação ambiental atingiu números alarmantes e a sociedade a ter consciência de que a preservação do meio ambiente sadio está intimamente ligada à preservação da vida presente e futura. A proposta do presente estudo é apresentar as mudanças climáticas como a principal ameaça global, na perspectiva de possíveis cenários de catástrofes, para ao final acentuar a necessária observância por parte do direito sobre o reconhecimento da figura do refugiado ambiental.
FROM LEGAL MISSIONARY TO CRITICAL SCHOLAR: MY LAW AND MODERNIZATION JOURNEY
Authors: Trubek David M. 
Published: January 2022

In 1966, like a god descending from Mount Olympus, National Security Advisor Walt Whitman Rostow arrived in the US Embassy in Rio to review the USAID program. Brazil was considered to be strategically important to the US fight against communism in Latin America and the US aid program there was one of the largest in the world.The author of the leading treatise on modernization and now a high-ranking foreign policy official, Rostow symbolized the marriage of knowledge and power. Having developed the ideas about modernization that animated US development policy in the 1960s, Rostow was in Brazil to see how the theory was working in practice.Here was the beau ideal of the Cold Warrior, armed not with guns and mortars, but with social science theory. Here was someone who could write the “non-communist manifesto” with one hand and oversee a massive foreign affairs bureaucracy with the other.60 years on, this moment remains fixed in my memory. As a junior member of the USAID Mission staff, I attended the meetings in which Rostow, in a professorial tone, told seasoned foreign aid specialists how they should be doing their jobs.I was hooked. Here was the marriage of science and policy, of modernization theory and foreign affairs. Here was a vision for a career that married success in the academic realm with success in the policy world. It inspired my move from the Department of State to academia a few years later. And it led directly to the Yale Program in Law and Modernization.The Program was set up to use the modernization theory Rostow had helped create to illuminate and guide legal development in the Third World. We started on this project with enthusiasm. But before long, many who participated in the Program began to question the modernization story. Ironically. instead of being the headquarters for the application of modernization theory to law, the Yale Program became a center for critique of the theory and the source of alternative ideas. In this essay, I trace the evolution of the Program from the beginning to the emergence of a critical stance by recounting my experience as one of its architects.
BETWEEN MANAGERIALISM AND THE LEGAL COUNTERCULTURE: THE YALE PROGRAM IN LAW AND MODERNIZATION IN THE HISTORY OF THE GLOBAL 1970S
Authors: Giovanopoulou Afroditi 
Published: January 2022

Often described as a period of seismic shifts in world history, the 1970s bear the definitive marks of a conflictual era. Focusing on the unraveling of the postwar liberal consensus, historians of the United States have portrayed this decade as nothing short of an “Age of Fracture,” during which larger narratives about American democracy, the relationship of the individual to the whole, and the relationship between state and society came undone.[1] International historians point to a dramatic reconfiguration of the international order during the same decade, which saw the completion of a society of nominally equal sovereign states, once aspiring to produce a New International Economic Order but eventually defeated by the 1973 oil crisis and the rise of neoliberalism.[2] The microcosm of the Yale Program in Law and Modernization illuminates the overlapping themes of protest, disruption, disillusionment and backlash that characterized the 1970s. Established with a significant grant from USAID, the Program, in the years of its operation between 1969 and 1976, was designed as a space of research on America’s legal modernization projects in the global periphery. Soon enough, a diverse cast of characters, united in their interest in the Third World but otherwise quite contrasting in terms of their backgrounds, goals, and aspirations, inhabited this space. Some had direct policy experience working for the American government, while others became interested in the Third World through oppositional politics and a deep suspicion about the possibility of improvement through legal reform. While originally presented as a vessel for designing sound policy-making under the aegis of the USAID and aiding the Third World through managerial socio-legal engineering, the Program unexpectedly transformed into the breeding ground for what would eventually become Critical Legal Studies, and was soon terminated.
АКТИВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫХ КЕРАТИТОВ И ГНОЙНЫХ ЯЗВ РОГОВИЦЫ
Authors: Pavlyuchenko K. , Mogilevsky S. , Tereshchenko Yu. , Zykov I. 
Published: January 2022

В данной работе представлен литературный обзор применения активных подходов, в частности хирургических, в лечении бактериальных кератитов и гнойных язв роговицы. Проанализированы методы лечения гнойных поражений роговой оболочки в виде термовоздействий, лазерного воздействия, кератэктомии, биологических покрытий, кератопластики и нового метода кератоксеноимплантации. Проблема лечения и реабилитации больных с бактериальными кератитами и гнойными язвами роговицы остается весьма актуальной и далеко не решенной в современной офтальмологии. Метод кератоксеноимплантации в лечении бактериальных поражений роговицы является в настоящее время одним из наиболее перспективных.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ ГЕМОДИНАМИКИ И ЗРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ НЕЙРОПАТИИ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО НЕРВА
Authors: Zavgorodnyaya N.G. , Bezdenezhnaya O.A. , Bezdenezhny S.V. 
Published: January 2022

Ишемия сетчатки и зрительного нерва является одной из главных причин слепоты и слабовидения.Цель исследования: повышение эффективности диагностики хронической ишемической нейропатии зрительного нерва путем разработки дополнительных диагностических критериев.Материалы и методы: Обследовано 109 пациентов (197 глаз) в возрасте от 41 до 86 лет с ХИНЗН и 30 добровольцев (60 глаз) без офтальмологической патологии, в возрасте от 50 до 76 лет. Помимо общего офтальмологического исследования, всем пациентам проводилась компьютерная периметрия, фосфен-тест, триплексное ультразвуковое сканирование сонных, позвоночных артерий и сосудов бассейна глазной артерии, компьютерная офтальмосфигмография и компьютерная реоофтальмография.Результаты и обсуждение: У всех пациентов были отмечены изменения в магистральных артериях головы. Преобладали сочетанные поражения сонных (СА) и позвоночных артерий (ПА) (68% больных). Развитие хронической ишемической нейропатии зрительного нерва характеризуется снижением в глазничной артерии пиковой систолической скорости кровотока менее 41 см/с и конечной диастолической скорости кровотока менее 10,4 см/с; снижением корригированной остроты зрения на 0,2 Ед (20 %), уменьшением суммарной чувствительности сетчатки в центральной и в периферической (11˚- 50˚) зонах на 147 дБ (14 %) и на 1431 дБ (76 %) соответственно, и повышением порога электрической чувствительности на 32 мкА (67 %) и снижении лабильности зрительного нерва на 15 Гц (24 %) по сравнению с возрастной нормой (Р < 0,001).Заключение: развитие данного заболевания сопровождается снижением остроты зрения, специфическими изменениями поля зрения, а также характеризуется снижением максимальной систолической скорости кровотока в глазничной артерии < 41 см/с и конечной диастолической скорости кровотока в том же сосуде <10,4 см /с (чувствительность равна 87,2 % и 91,2 % соответственно, специфичность – 98,3 % для обоих показателей). Последние показатели могут быть использованы офтальмологами в качестве критериев ранней диагностики данного заболевания.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ B-БЛОКАТОРОВ ДЛЯ МЕСТНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ГЕМАНГИОМ
Authors: Vitovska O. , Barinov Iu. , Voitko L. 
Published: January 2022

Гемангиома – одна из наиболее распространенных опухолей первого года жизни. В 2010 году в Украине приобрело распространение лечения геманги ом при помощи β-блокаторов. В данной статье рассматривается возможность лечения гемангиом при помощи местных аппликаций смеси тимолола и димексида. В исследование включено 30 пациентов, разделенных на 4 группы в зависимости от типа и локализации гемангиомы. У всех пациентов наблюдалось прекращение активного роста новообразования.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ НОВОГО СПОСОБА РЕВИЗИИ ФИЛЬТРАЦИОННОЙ ПОДУШКИ ПОСЛЕ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ УСТРОЙСТВА Eх-PRESS ДЛЯ ФИЛЬТРАЦИИ ЖИДКОСТИ ПРИ ГЛАУКОМЕ
Authors: Bezdetko P. , Medvedchuk S. 
Published: January 2022

Целью работы была разработка способа ревизии фильтрационной подушки с восстановлением проходимости устройства Ех-PRESS для фильтрации глазной жидкости и оценка эффективности данной методики оперативного вмешательства.В статье приведены результаты ревизии фильтрационной подушки у 60 пациентов, которые были разделены на 2 группы по 30 человек в каждой в зависимости от модели имплантированного устройства Ех-PRESS (Р-50 или Р-200).Выполнение оперативного вмешательства с восстановлением проходимости устройства Ех-PRESS для фильтрации глазной жидкости по предложенной нами методике среди пациентов І группы привело к нормализации ВГД в 83,3 % случаев (5 глаз) на протяжении 21 мес., в 16,7 % случаев (1 глаз) в этой группе вмешательство выполнено повторно через 6 мес. после первой ревизии.У пациентов II группы выполнение ревизии фильтрационной подушки нормализовало ВГД в 100% случаев на протяжении 21 мес. после проведения.