bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education Moderates the Association between Depressive Symptoms and Self-Rated Health among Older Adults with Cancer
Authors: Wang Kaipeng , Zhang Anao , De Fries Carson M , Hasche Leslie K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examined the association between depressive symptoms and self-rated health (SRH) and whether and how such association varies by education among older adults with cancer. Data came from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey. A total of 2,470 participants aged 65 or older who had been diagnosed with cancer by a doctor or other health professional were included in this study. Ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the association between depressive symptoms and SRH and whether and how such association varies by education among older adults with cancer. More depressive symptoms were associated with worse SRH. Such association became stronger with higher education among older adults with cancer. Findings confirm the associations between depressive symptoms and SRH among older adults with cancer. The differential impact of education on SRH and on the association between depressive symptoms and SRH highlights the importance of considering patients’ educational attainment in a more comprehensive way when working with older adults with cancer. When conducting distress screening among cancer survivors, oncology social workers should be aware of the complex relationship between education and depression in relation to cancer survivors’ SRH.
Identifying social practices to inform fisheries management—the case of bycatch practices of marine mammals and seabirds of German gillnet fishers
Authors: Barz Fanny 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGillnets are one of the most common fishing gears globally and provide a fundamental contribution towards the income of millions of people as well as to the supply of protein. At the same time, bycatch from gillnet fisheries is one of the biggest threats to seabirds and marine mammals worldwide, because their habitats coincide spatially and temporally with gillnet fisheries. There has been research on technical solutions to unwanted bycatch, yet the social-science perspective is rather understudied. Little is known about fishers’ bycatch behaviour, which can be researched as a social practice. Against the background of Anthony Giddens’ structuration theory, this study used social sciences methods to analyse the bycatch practices of gillnet fishers in the German Baltic Sea. The results show that fishers normalize bycatch of seabirds as part of their fishing routine, while bycatch of marine mammals is experienced as a crisis. Underlying mechanisms for different bycatch practices are identified, and their meaning for management as well as further research questions are discussed. The perspective of normalizing and non-normalizing bycatch practices as well as fishers’ own mitigation strategies should be considered by fisheries management when addressing bycatch mitigation measures as they could be designed more effectively.
The UK reform of data protection: key changes and their ethical, social and legal implications
Authors: Mazzi Francesca , Adonis Abid , Cowls Josh , Tsamados Andreas , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In September 2021, the UK government published a set of proposed reforms to its data protection regime for public consultation, later in June 2022 it released the response to the consultation, acknowledging the reforms it intends to adopt. The reforms are part of a broader national strategy, which aims to incentivize data-driven innovation and make the UK an international ‘data hub’. In this article, we review the reforms that represent the most controversial points of divergence from the GDPR and are worth watching to evaluate their effects on the overall data protection framework once implemented.
‘People still want a face and that’s where we can fill in’: a qualitative study of community pharmacists’ experiences of providing healthcare advice about preconception and pregnancy
Authors: Silverio Sergio A , Karki Pujan , Lakhani Shivali , Alter Marsha , Weinman John , Flynn Angela C 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore community pharmacists’ practices and attitudes towards the provision of healthcare advice regarding preconception and pregnancy.MethodsA qualitative focus group study was conducted virtually with community pharmacists around urban areas of London in October 2021. A topic guide was utilised to cover pharmacy practice, barriers and confidence in counselling women, education and training and thoughts on how to improve preconception and pregnancy health services. Focus groups were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.Key findingsEleven community pharmacists participated. Three themes were identified: ‘Community Driven Needs’; ‘Needs of Community Pharmacists’; ‘Shared Needs and Understanding’ which were related through a central organising concept of ‘Unmet Needs in Pharmacy-led Preconception and Pregnancy Care’. Community pharmacists are frequently consulted by women before and during pregnancy, however, a discord was uncovered between current pharmacy practice and the needs of the community. A clear need was identified for the incorporation of risk minimisation counselling focusing on smoking, alcohol intake and drug use. Education and organisational factors were reported as challenges to providing advice.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacists can play a pivotal role in providing information and support to women before and during pregnancy. Our findings suggest integration of community pharmacy-led structured counselling may be a useful public health strategy to optimise pregnancy health. Our work highlights educational and organisational barriers which hinder the ability of pharmacists to promote preconception and pregnancy health. These must be addressed, and we provide recommendations for change to both policy and practice.
Usability of an animated diabetes information tool for patients with different health literacy levels: a qualitative study
Authors: Visscher Boudewijn B , Heerdink Eibert R , Rademakers Jany 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesMost currently available medication self-management support tools do not meet the needs of patients with limited health literacy. Recently, tools that are better tailored to the needs of patients with limited health literacy have been developed. This study aimed to assess the usability of an animated diabetes information tool by patients with diabetes with limited and adequate health literacy levels.MethodsParticipants with limited and adequate health literacy levels were selected based on three health literacy questions in a screening interview, and asked to use the tool three times a week, after which individual semistructured interviews were conducted. The interview topics were based on the technology acceptance model (i.e. perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use). Twenty-five patients with diabetes were included in the study.Key findingsAll participants perceived the tool as easy to use due to a clear overview of topics and only personalized information being provided. Those with limited health literacy indicated that they had learned from the tool and had the intention to continue using it in the future. These participants also expressed the need for the tool to be more actively offered by healthcare professionals, while participants with adequate health literacy expressed the need for more in-depth information.ConclusionThe tailored self-management support tool was perceived as usable by all participants. To better serve them, the tool could be further improved by addressing the additional needs of people with limited as well as adequate health literacy.
Triage nurse–initiated X-ray radiography in minor trauma
Authors: Gautier Julie , Verdan Matthieu , Rochette Emmanuelle , LAMBERT Céline , Caron Nicolas , Merlin Etienne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Overcrowding of paediatric emergency departments (EDs) is a worldwide issue, where improving the quality of care is a priority. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of triage nurse–initiated X-ray radiography on length of stay in paediatric emergency admissions.

Methods
This retrospective, monocentric, descriptive study was performed in two successive 3-month periods: a pre-protocol (‘before’) period from 3 February to 3 May 2020 and a protocol (‘after’) period from 4 May to 2 August 2020, when patients underwent nurse-initiated X-ray radiography. The study involved all patients who were aged ≥3 years, valid, non-hyperalgic, accompanied by their parents and consulting at the paediatric ED for a simple closed distal trauma, involving a single limb segment or joint.

Results
A total of 695 patients were included, 298 in the first period and 397 in the second period. The median length of stay in the paediatric ED was significantly shorter during the second period (119 min [80, 165] vs. 80 min [60, 105], P &lt; 0.001), i.e. a median reduction time of 39 min or 33% (effect size = − 0.68, 95% confidence interval [−0.84 to −0.53]). Triage nurse requests were judged ‘adequate and sufficient’ in 95.2% of cases, with only 2.0% of instances deemed ‘unnecessary’ by the medical team. In 2.8% of cases, ‘another X-ray’ was required to support diagnosis.

Conclusions
The application of a triage nurse X-ray protocol significantly reduced the length of stay in a paediatric ED. The quality of patient management remained unchanged, and nurse requests were relevant.
Assessment of antimicrobial mismatches in empirical treatment in early PJI after aseptic revision arthroplasty
Authors: Veerman C M , Goosen J H M , Telgt D S C , Rijnen W H M , Nabuurs M H , Wertheim H F L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
In early periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), ‘debridement, antibiotics and implant retention’ (DAIR) is a widely accepted form of treatment. Empirical antimicrobial treatment is started while culture results of tissue samples taken during debridement are pending.

Objectives
In this retrospective study we assessed the antimicrobial mismatch rate between empirical treatment and the susceptibility of the causative microorganisms of PJI after aseptic revision arthroplasty. We analysed risk factors for antimicrobial mismatches and the impact of mismatches on the outcome of PJI treatment.

Results
A total of 119 patients were included in the analysis. In 72% (86/119) of the cases there was an antimicrobial mismatch in empirical treatment. Most of the antimicrobial mismatches were caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus spp. (77%, 66/86). In multivariable analysis, polymicrobial PJI was significantly associated with antimicrobial mismatch (OR: 6.89; 95% CI: 2.38–19.53; P &lt; 0.001), and antimicrobial mismatch was significantly associated with reduced success rate of PJI treatment (OR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05 ± 0.82; P = 0.026). There was no difference in successful outcome between PJI caused by Gram-negative bacilli (61%) and Gram-positive bacteria (69%, P = 0.516).

Conclusions
Mismatching empirical antimicrobial treatment after DAIR following aseptic revision arthroplasty was significantly associated with failure of PJI treatment. Polymicrobial PJI is a risk factor for antimicrobial mismatch of the empirical treatment of PJI. Antimicrobial mismatch and delay in targeted treatment should be integrated in the approach to optimize antibiotic treatment to improve clinical outcomes, while minimizing unintended side effects of antimicrobial use (antimicrobial stewardship).
Learning from undercoded clinical records for automated International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding
Authors: Jin Yucheng , Xiong Yun , Shi Dan , Lin Yifei , He Lifang , Zhang Yao , Plasek Joseph M , Zhou Li , Bates David W , Tang Chunlei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo develop an unbiased objective for learning automatic coding algorithms from clinical records annotated with only partial relevant International Classification of Diseases codes, as annotation noise in undercoded clinical records used as training data can mislead the learning process of deep neural networks.Materials and MethodsWe use Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III as our dataset. We employ positive-unlabeled learning to achieve unbiased loss estimation, which is free of misleading training signal. We then utilize reweighting mechanism to compensate for the imbalance between positive and negative samples. To further close the performance gap caused by poor quality annotation, we integrate the supervision provided by the automatic annotation tool Medical Concept Annotation Toolkit which can ease the heavy burden of manual validation.ResultsOur benchmarking results show that positive-unlabeled learning with reweighting outperforms competitive baseline methods over a range of missing label ratios. Integrating supervision provided by annotation tool further boosted the performance.DiscussionConsidering the annotation noise and severe imbalance, unbiased loss estimation and reweighting mechanism are both important for learning from undercoded clinical records. Unbiased loss requires the estimation of false negative ratios and estimation through trained models is practical and competitive.ConclusionsThe combination of positive-unlabeled learning with reweighting and supervision provided by the annotation tool is a promising solution to learn from undercoded clinical records.
VACtrac: enhancing access immunization registry data for population outreach using the Bulk Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resource (FHIR) protocol
Authors: Lenert Leslie , Jacobs Jeff , Agnew James , Ding Wei , Kirchoff Katie , Weatherston Duncan , Deans Kenneth 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccination uptake has been suboptimal, even in high-risk populations. New approaches are needed to bring vaccination data to the groups leading outreach efforts. This article describes work to make state-level vaccination data more accessible by extending the Bulk Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resource (FHIR) standard to better support the repeated retrieval of vaccination data for coordinated outreach efforts. We also describe a corresponding low-foot-print software for population outreach that automates repeated checks of state-level immunization data and prioritizes outreach by social determinants of health. Together this software offers an integrated approach to addressing vaccination gaps. Several extensions to the Bulk FHIR protocol were needed to support bulk query of immunization records. These are described in detail. The results of a pilot study, using the outreach tool to target a population of 1500 patients are also described. The results confirmed the limitations of current patient-by-patient approach for querying state immunizations systems for population data and the feasibility of a Bulk FHIR approach.
The social movement was live streamed: a relational analysis of mobile live streaming during the 2019 Hong Kong protests
Authors: Fang Kecheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a sociotechnical framework to study digital media and social movements and uses it to analyze the 2019 protests in Hong Kong. Informed by actor-network theory, this framework examines media technology as infrastructure, practice, and text, and discusses its relation to other actors/actants in the network of social movements. Based on qualitative analysis of live streaming sessions and in-depth interviews with journalists and audiences, I identify and explicate the major actors/actants related to mobile live streaming and argue that mobile live streaming became an obligatory passage point through which actors/actants reached other parts of the network and realized their goals. The assemblage of heterogeneous actors/actants not only contributed to the solidarity and longevity of the movement but also brought risks. This study extends the line of research on media technology and social movements by proposing a framework that examines one specific media technology while maintaining an ecological lens.
When International Legal Standards Meet Transitional Justice Processes
Authors: Arévalo-Ramírez Walter , Martini Pauline 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present contribution explores the interactions between international legal standards, as determined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), and national law before the Colombian Special Jurisdiction for Peace (SJP), and studies their respective rationales. It contrasts two situations: divergences between the two regimes, on the one hand, and their convergences on the other. First, it analyses three instances where the SJP Statute diverges from international criminal law, which resulted from decisions of the executive and legislative authorities in Colombia when drafting the Statute, namely: the SJP’s restorative penalties; the differentiated treatment of members of armed forces; and the notion of command responsibility. The authors offer three possible explanations for these departures of the Columbian legislation from international legal standards: Colombia’s willingness to carry out judicial proceedings at the national level instead of having recourse to the international community; the context of the negotiated peace in the country; and the national nature of the SJP. Second, the article addresses the convergences by examining recent practice of the judiciary in light of Macro Case 01 before the SJP, which shows a tendency towards the implementation of international legal standards in the SJP’s jurisprudence. The authors discuss the possible justification for this convergence, arguing that the adoption of international standards serves both to demonstrate the genuine character of the Colombian transitional justice process and subsequent judicial proceedings, and to allow for the closing of the preliminary examination before the ICC.
A Preliminary Study of Body Decomposition and Arthropod Succession in an Arid Area in Northwest China During Summer
Authors: Hu Gengwang , Kang Chengtao , Zhu Rui , Guo Yi , Li Liangliang , Wang Yinghui , Zhang Yanan , Wang Yu , Wang Jiangfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study of insect fauna and their development and succession patterns on decaying cadavers is crucial to promoting insect evidence as a useful tool in forensic science, particularly for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). Body decomposition and arthropod succession are affected by many factors and exhibit substantial regional variations; therefore, detailed succession studies in different biogeographic regions are required for understanding the successional patterns of insects in various environments. This study was conducted in the summer of 2021 using three domestic pig carcasses (Sus scrofa domestica L., 1758) in the field of Shizuishan City, Ningxia, Northwest China. A total of 40 species of necrophagous insects belonging to three orders and 16 families were collected. Among Diptera, Lucilia sericata (Meigen,1826), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius,1794), and Phormia regina (Meigen,1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were the dominant species. As for Coleoptera, the dominant species changed throughout the process of carcass decomposition from Saprinus semipunctatus (Fabricius,1792) (Coleoptera: Histeridae) to Dermestes maculatus DeGeer,1774 and Dermestes frischii Kugelann,1792 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). The carcasses desiccated rapidly and reached the remains stage under extreme conditions of high temperatures and low humidity, after which a large amount of dried tissue of the carcasses attracted populations of Coleoptera, particularly Dermstidae, which were abundant and remained until the end of the experiment on day 50. The current study is the first forensic entomological investigation of succession in Northwest China and provides basic data for the estimation of PMI during summer in this region.
Physical activity and breast cancer survival: results from the Nurses’ Health Studies
Authors: Fortner Renée Turzanski , Brantley Kristen D , Tworoger Shelley S , Tamimi Rulla M , Rosner Bernard , Farvid Maryam S , Holmes Michelle D , Willett Walter C , Eliassen A Heather 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Physical activity is generally associated with better outcomes following diagnosis; however, few studies have evaluated change in pre- to postdiagnosis activity and repeated measures of activity by intensity and type.

Methods
We evaluated physical activity and survival following a breast cancer diagnosis in the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II (n = 9308 women, n = 1973 deaths). Physical activity was evaluated as updated cumulative average of metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/wk (assigned per activity based on duration and intensity) and change in pre- to postdiagnosis activity. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Higher postdiagnosis activity was inversely associated with breast cancer–specific mortality in categories from ≥9 MET-h/wk (vs &lt;3 MET h/wk, HR≥9 to &lt;18 = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.55 to 0.99]; HR≥27 = 0.69 [95% CI = 0.50 to 0.95]; Ptrend = .04) and all-cause mortality from ≥3 MET-h/wk (HR≥3 to &lt;9 = 0.73 [95% CI = 0.61 to 0.88]; HR≥27 = 0.51 [95% CI = 0.41 to 0.63]; Ptrend &lt; .001). Associations were predominantly observed for estrogen receptor–positive tumors and in postmenopausal women. Walking was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (≥9 vs &lt;3 MET-h/wk, HR= 0.69 [95% CI = 0.57 to 0.84]) as was strength training. Relative to stable activity pre- to postdiagnosis (±3 MET-h/wk), increases from ≥3 to 9 MET-h/wk were associated with lower all-cause mortality risk (Ptrend &lt; .001). Results were robust to adjustment for prediagnosis physical activity.

Conclusions
Physical activity was associated with lower risk of death following diagnosis. Increased pre- to postdiagnosis activity corresponding to at least 1-3 h/wk of walking was associated with lower risk of death. These results provide further impetus for women to increase their activity after a breast cancer diagnosis, though reverse causation cannot be fully excluded.
Refugee Status, Permanent Residency, and Citizenship: The re-making of categories among Palestinian youth in East Jerusalem
Authors: Procter Caitlin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article ethnographically explores ways that young Palestinian refugees seek to strengthen their claims to residency in Jerusalem. It describes the complex layers of colonial subjugation faced by these young people and the ways they attune their everyday life choices in this context of long-term insecurity. I argue that through situations forced upon them in efforts by the Israeli government to reduce the Palestinian demographic of the city, young people are re-making the categories they live under, away from their bureaucratic and assumed political meaning. This article explores different examples of engagement with Israeli state institutions as tactics undertaken to mitigate the increasing uncertainty surrounding residency revocation and subsequent forcible transfer of Palestinians from Jerusalem. I argue that the reason young people are re-attributing meaning of these categories is to safeguard their futures, in light of the failure of international frameworks to do the same.