bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An image classification based approach for islanding detection in a sustainable distributed generation system using convolutional neural network
Authors: Adenugba F.T. , Orovwode H.E. , Ademola O.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In today’s power system, distributed generation (DG) penetration level has increased to match the ever-increasing demand for energy. DG integration introduces peculiar challenges to the entire power system. Due to the increased DG penetration, these challenges have become technically and economically very important. Effective and fast islanding detection is necessary to prevent power quality degradation, equipment loss, and human life loss. In this study, an islanding detection model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. The method utilizes the ability of CNN to perform accurate image classification. It identifies islanding by classifying scalogram images obtained by applying wavelet transform to the concatenated voltage waveforms for each event. The islanding detection model is trained with well-processed images to improve classification accuracy. Noise is incorporated into the data to investigate the susceptibility of the method to noise. The results obtained prove that the proposed islanding detection model can handle the problem of islanding detection.
Predictions of cloud attenuation models for uplink and downlink margins at ku, ka and v bands in tropical regions
Authors: Adewusi O.M. , Akinwumi S.A. , Ometan O.O. , Omotosho T.V. , Akinyemi M.L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To achieve effective wireless transmission margin and larger bandwidth at lower cost, hydrometeor models roles are of primary importance. The almost perpetual existence of clouds in tropical climates makes cloud models all the more fundamental. Details of four years station spectrum analyzer data, five years climatological data and fifty – eight years radiosonde data used in this research were earlier published. The radiosonde data was used to obtain existing primary cloud models’ predicted cloud attenuation cumulative distributions for the station and it was also used to deduce the new algorithm’s parameters for the station. The every minute measured and logged station cloud attenuation data using spectrum analyzer was used to deduce the station cloud attenuation cumulative distribution for comparison with that of other existing cloud models. The simulation program was run to generate the new cloud attenuation algorithm’s parameters, which defines the cloud attenuation model for the station. Thus the new model only fundamentally requires station radiosonde data. The cloud cover data and all others are needed only for graphical comparisons and corroboration. Thus the new tropical cloud attenuation algorithm can be used to develop the cloud attenuation model for any station climatic zone by using the methodology earlier published. Collected spectrum analyzer data, climatological data and acquired radiosonde data were used to compute projected attenuation values for each cloud attenuation model at propagation signal frequencies between 12 GHz to 50 GHz. The predicted values were extracted and analysed statistically. With respect to frequency, the new cloud attenuation model’s cumulative distribution proportionally averaged the characteristics of the cumulative distributions deduced from the station radiosonde data and that of the spectrum analyzer data as shown by the graphical figures. The results show that convergence of the range of predicted attenuation values by each of the cloud models increases directly with frequency.
Forecasting tropospheric wet delay using LSTM neural network
Authors: Ogunjo S.T. , Dada J.B. , Ajayi O.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tropospheric wet delay is a critical factor in radio communication. Accurate estimation of the wet delay is difficult due to the variability in water vapour. In this study, we aim to model and predict tropospheric wet delay over four tropical locations using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. Results obtained in this study showed RMSE and MAE within the range 18.96–21.16 and 14.08–16.38 respectively. LSTM model was able to capture the different regimes of wet delays in each of the locations under consideration. This approach can significantly improve link budget and planning within tropical regions.
Divertor detachment operation in helium plasmas with ITER-like tungsten divertor in EAST
Authors: LIU Jianbin , MENG Lingyi , GUO Houyang , LI Kedong , XU Jichan , WANG Huiqian , XU Guosheng , DING Fang , ZHANG Ling , DUAN Yanmin , ZHANG Bin , YU Lin , WANG Ping , LI Ang , WU Donggui , DING Rui , WANG Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Detachment in helium (He) discharges has been achieved in the EAST superconducting tokamak equipped with an ITER-like tungsten divertor. This paper presents the experimental observations of divertor detachment achieved by increasing the plasma density in He discharges. During density ramp-up, the particle flux shows a clear rollover, while the electron temperature around the outer strike point is decreasing simultaneously. The divertor detachment also exhibits a significant difference from that observed in comparable deuterium (D) discharges. The density threshold of detachment in the He plasma is higher than that in the D plasma for the same heating power, and increases with the heating power. Moreover, detachment assisted with neon (Ne) seeding was also performed in L- and H-mode plasmas, pointing to the direction for reducing the density threshold of detachment in He operation. However, excessive Ne seeding causes confinement degradation during the divertor detachment phase. The precise feedback control of impurity seeding will be performed in EAST to improve the compatibility of core plasma performance with divertor detachment for future high heating power operations.
Effect of an ongoing pharmacist service to reduce medicine-induced deterioration and adverse reactions in aged-care facilities (nursing homes): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial (the ReMInDAR trial)
Authors: Roughead Elizabeth E , Pratt Nicole L , Parfitt Gaynor , Rowett Debra , Kalisch-Ellett Lisa M , Bereznicki Luke , Merlin Tracy , Corlis Megan , Kang Ai Choo , Whitehouse Joseph , Bilton Rebecca , Schubert Camille , Torode Stacey , Kelly Thu-Lan , Andrade Andre Q , Post Dannielle , Dorj Gereltuya , Cousins Justin , Williams Mackenzie , Lim Renly 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of a pharmacist-led intervention using validated tools to reduce medicine-induced deterioration and adverse reactions.

Design and setting
Multicenter, open-label parallel randomised controlled trial involving 39 Australian aged-care facilities.

Participants
Residents on ≥4 medicines or ≥1 anticholinergic or sedative medicine.

Intervention
Pharmacist-led intervention using validated tools to detect signs and symptoms of medicine-induced deterioration which occurred every 8 weeks over 12 months.

Comparator
Usual care (Residential Medication Management Review) provided by accredited pharmacists.

Outcomes
Primary outcome was change in Frailty Index at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in cognition, 24-hour movement behaviour by accelerometry, grip strength, weight, adverse events and quality of life.

Results
248 persons (median age 87 years) completed the study; 120 in the interventionand, 128 in control arms. In total 575 pharmacist, sessions were undertaken in the intervention arm. There was no statistically significant difference for change in frailty between groups (mean difference: 0.009, 95% CI: −0.028, 0.009, P = 0.320). A significant difference for cognition was observed, with a mean difference of 1.36 point change at 12 months (95% CI: 0.01, 2.72, P = 0.048). Changes in 24-hour movement behaviour, grip strength, adverse events and quality of life were not significantly different between groups. Point estimates favoured the intervention arm at 12 months for frailty, 24-hour movement behaviour and grip strength.

Conclusions
The use of validated tools by pharmacists to detect signs of medicine-induced deterioration is a model of practice that requires further research, with promising results from this trial, particularly with regards to improved cognition.
Engines of innovation: biological origins of genome evolution
Authors: Shapiro James A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Genome change does not occur accidentally. The conventional Modern Synthesis view of gradual evolution guided solely by natural selection fails to incorporate many important lessons from direct examination of genome structure by cytogeneticists and modern genomic sequencers. Among other discoveries is the major role that interspecific hybridization has played in the rapid generation of new species. Interspecific hybrids display altered epigenetic regulation and genome expression, great genome variability (including activation of transposable elements and chromosome rearrangements), and frequently whole genome duplication (WGD) as well. These changes produce novel species with adaptively altered phenotypes and reproductive isolation due to meiotic incompatibility with the progenitor species. Genomics has revealed that hybrid speciation and WGD have been widespread among all types of eukaryotes, from yeast and diatoms to flowering plants and primates. The maintenance of the biological responses to interspecific hybridization across virtually all eukaryotic history indicates that eukaryotes have continuously inheritted a capability for rapid evolutionary change. In other words, the best-documented path to the origin of species we have is an inherited biological process, not a series of accidents.
Conditional knockout of leptin receptor in the female reproductive tract reduces fertility due to parturition defects in mice
Authors: Pennington Kathleen A , Oestreich Arin K , Cataldo Kylie H , Fogliatti Candace M , Lightner Celeste , Lydon John P , Schulz Laura C 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Leptin is required for fertility, including initiation of estrous cycles. It is therefore challenging to assess the role of leptin signaling during pregnancy. Although neuron-specific transgene approaches suggest that leptin signaling in the central nervous system is most important, experiments with pharmacologic inhibition of leptin in the uterus or global replacement of leptin during pregnancy suggest leptin signaling in the reproductive tract may be required. Here, conditional leptin receptor knockout (Lepr cKO) with a progesterone receptor-driven Cre recombinase was used to examine the importance of leptin signaling in pregnancy. Lepr cKO mice have almost no leptin receptor in uterus or cervix, and slightly reduced leptin receptor levels in corpus luteum. Estrous cycles and progesterone concentrations were not affected by Lepr cKO. Numbers of viable embryos did not differ between primiparous control and Lepr cKO dams on Days 6.5 and 17.5 of pregnancy, despite a slight reduction in the ratio of embryos to corpora lutea, showing that uterine leptin receptor signaling is not required for embryo implantation. Placentas of Lepr cKO dams had normal weight and structure. However, over four parities, Lepr cKO mice produced 22% fewer live pups than controls, and took more time from pairing to delivery by their fourth parity. Abnormal birth outcomes of either dystocia or dead pups occurred in 33% of Lepr cKO deliveries but zero control deliveries, and the average time to deliver each pup after crouching was significantly increased. Thus, leptin receptor signaling in the reproductive tract is required for normal labor and delivery.
Modulation effects of danshen-honghua herb pair on gut microbiota of acute myocardial ischemia model rat
Authors: Du Shao-Bing , Zhou Hui-Hui , Wang Peng-Fei , Wang Xiao-Ping , Xue Zhi-Peng , Li Jing , Gao Su , Li Na , Bai Ji-Qing , Xie Li-hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that the occurrence of myocardial ischemia (MI) is closely related to the gut microbiota (GM). The Danshen-Honghua herb pair (DHHP), a classic combination in traditional Chinese herbal formulas, has been widely applied throughout history to cure cardiovascular disease, exhibiting remarkable clinical efficacy to treat ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, the intrinsic regulation mechanism of DHHP in treating MI remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the possible protective mechanism of DHHP in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) induced by isoproterenol (ISO) through 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique. Pharmacodynamic results showed that DHHP significantly ameliorated the pathological changes and improved the abnormal cardiac enzymes levels in the AMI rats. In addition, GM analysis demonstrated that DHHP effectively ameliorated the ISO-induced dysbiosis of the GM community, mainly by enhancing the GM diversity and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Roseburia, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, the abundance ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreasing the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus. In summary, this study revealed that DHHP could improve ischemic myocardial injury in rats, and that its regulation mechanism is associated with significantly ameliorating the composition of GM, thus contributing to further our understanding of the anti-MI mechanisms of DHHP.
Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa
Authors: Vallini Leonardo , Marciani Giulia , Aneli Serena , Bortolini Eugenio , Benazzi Stefano , Pievani Telmo , Pagani Luca 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The population dynamics that followed the Out of Africa (OoA) expansion and the whereabouts of the early migrants before the differentiation that ultimately led to the formation of Oceanian, West and East Eurasian macropopulations have long been debated. Shedding light on these events may, in turn, provide clues to better understand the cultural evolution in Eurasia between 50 and 35 ka. Here, we analyze Eurasian Paleolithic DNA evidence to provide a comprehensive population model and validate it in light of available material culture. Leveraging on our integrated approach we propose the existence of a Eurasian population Hub, where Homo sapiens lived between the OoA and the broader colonization of Eurasia, which was characterized by multiple events of expansion and local extinction. A major population wave out of Hub, of which Ust’Ishim, Bacho Kiro, and Tianyuan are unadmixed representatives, is broadly associated with Initial Upper Paleolithic lithics and populated West and East Eurasia before or around 45 ka, before getting largely extinct in Europe. In this light, we suggest a parsimonious placement of Oase1 as an individual related to Bacho Kiro who experienced additional Neanderthal introgression. Another expansion, started before 38 ka, is broadly associated with Upper Paleolithic industries and repopulated Europe with sporadic admixtures with the previous wave (GoyetQ116-1) and more systematic ones, whereas moving through Siberia (Yana, Mal’ta). Before these events, we also confirm Zlatý Kůň as the most basal human lineage sequenced to date OoA, potentially representing an earlier wave of expansion out of the Hub.
Transformative diplomacy? Micro-sociological observations from the Philippine peace talks
Authors: Bramsen Isabel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
How do adversaries build social bonds in peace talks and how decisive are such bonds for the success of peace processes? The article investigates the micro-sociological thesis that diplomatic face-to-face interaction can generate social bonds. It is based on direct observations from peace talks between the Philippine government and the communist party (NDFP) in January 2017 and backchannel talks in 2020. The article shows that the talks took the form of friendly and disengaged interaction with very little dominating or conflictual interaction. Observations and interviews with participants show that social bonds were generated at the negotiations. However, the talks broke down immediately after the third round and has not been running since, apart from back-channel negotiations. The article discusses the remarkable contrast between the good atmosphere at the table and the breakdown of negotiations, arguing that while face-to-face interaction holds transformative potential, the right people need to be at the table for it to bring peace. As neither the president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, nor the hardliners of his government were present at the table, the transformative potential was limited. The article therefore questions the transformative potential of peace talks, if leaders and hardliners are not present.
Natural History of New-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gandhi Shiv , Zelman Sara , De Armas Ricardo Eduardo , Hemond Christopher , Levy Alexander N , Singh Siddharth , Korzenik Joshua , Jangi Sushrut 
Published: March 2022

Lay Summary
Patients with MS and IBD were as likely to have stricturing, fistulizing, and extensive IBD as IBD controls. Although MS-IBD patients were less likely to initiate anti-TNF therapy, they did not have worsened risk of progression to surgery on follow-up.
Spatially explicit food web modelling to consider fisheries impacts and ecosystem representation within Marine Protected Areas on the Kerguelen Plateau
Authors: Subramaniam Roshni C , Corney Stuart P , Melbourne-Thomas Jessica , Péron Clara , Ziegler Philippe , Swadling Kerrie M 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Kerguelen Plateau in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean is a highly dynamic region for Southern Ocean ecosystems and an important region for the Patagonian toothfish fishery. Fished regions overlap with foraging regions for predators; however, no study has explored the spatial impacts of fishing on ecosystem dynamics. We developed two spatially explicit ecosystem models to (i) explore the spatial effects of fishing on the Patagonian toothfish and the ecosystem in scenarios with and without fishing; and (ii) use modelled distributions to compare ecosystem representation in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with existing studies. Consistent with other studies, we found decreases in Patagonian toothfish biomass in scenarios with fishing activity. In contrast, we found no spatial fishing impacts on ecosystem interactions. A majority of functional group distributions were positively correlated with phytoplankton and well distributed within no-take areas. This could indicate a high level of representation of species in MPAs. Our study provides valuable insights into spatial ecosystem dynamics on the Kerguelen Plateau; however, our interpretations were limited and more research is needed to disentangle the natural variation from fishing impacts and further explore spatio-temporal changes in phytoplankton on the ecosystem.
What constitutes compliance? Legislative responses to Constitutional Court decisions in Indonesia
Authors: Butt Simon , Murharjanti Prayekti 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines how the government responds to decisions of the Indonesian Constitutional Court, focusing on the legislature. While Indonesian law requires that Constitutional Court decisions be followed up by legislation, we argue that most of them in fact require no legislative response, despite consistent complaints of legislative inaction from commentators and even the Court itself. Instead, if these decisions are followed up at all, they are more commonly reflected in regulatory instruments and judicial decisions, some of which have been inconsistent and have therefore undermined the effectiveness of the Court’s constitutional review function. We show that reliance on the legislature for a response can even be dangerous. Using two case studies, we demonstrate how the legislature has simply revived provisions the Court invalidated. The legislature has even added provisions that were inconsistent with the tenor of the Court’s decisions and that appear to reflect the commercial or institutional interests of drafters and worsen the constitutional damage the challenge was brought to address. This suggests that constitutional review can be counterproductive in the Indonesian context, if the legislative response is at odds with the interests of those bringing the challenge.
The Character and Origins of Military Attitudes on the Use of Force
Authors: Jost Tyler , Meshkin Kaine , Schub Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Do military and civilian attitudes on the use of force differ and, if so, why? Past scholarship is divided not only on whether decision-makers with military experience are more hawkish but also in whether differences stem from organizational selection or socialization. We contribute to these debates through a unique opportunity to survey incoming military officers at the US Military Academy before and after basic training and pair the results with simultaneous surveys of a nationally representative sample. We find that future military elites are more hawkish than civilians, the gap is evident upon arrival, and initial socializing experiences cannot explain the gap. Numerous tests addressing potential socialization effects over a longer period reveal that experience may attenuate hawkishness but that it is insufficient to offset initial differences. The results indicate that preexisting attitudes shape the groups into which elites select as much as experiences in those groups shape attitudes.
Defending Society, Building the Nation: Rebel Governance as Competing Biopolitics
Authors: Brenner David , Tazzioli Martina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRebel groups govern significant parts of territory worldwide. They often deliver crucial public goods and services to populations under their control. Scholarship on rebel governance commonly explains this with the need for armed groups to generate local and international legitimacy. We argue that this understanding of rebel governance as an instrumental means to power is insufficient. Instead, we propose a novel conceptualization of rebel governance as competing biopolitics. Tracing biopolitical technologies of rebel rule reveals the productive functions of war-time social orders for molding populations into imagined communities in direct opposition to the existing nation state. We develop this perspective by mobilizing Foucault's work in conjunction with Chatterjee's postcolonial understanding of governmentality in contexts of postcolonial state- and nation-formation, and empirical research on the Pat Jasan in northern Myanmar. Linked to the Kachin rebellion, this movement has fought against a devastating narcotics crisis with biopolitical interventions that form the Kachin nation body amidst protracted ethnonational conflict. Beyond shedding light on one of the world's longest running but least-researched civil wars, this offers three distinct contributions to international studies: exploring non-state armed groups as actors of public health, theorizing the sociological underpinnings of rebel governance, and developing the concept of biopolitics beyond the nation state.