bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jalons pour un droit uniforme de la preuve dans l’espace OHADA
Authors: Hounkpe Julien C 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
L’harmonisation du droit de la preuve dans les États membres de l’OHADA se justifie par la disparité des normes probatoires aux sources plurielles voire concurrentes, et la mixité du système probatoire partagé entre la preuve libre et la preuve légale. Une harmonisation du droit de la preuve permettrait, en outre, de moderniser la matière et de l’adapter aux réalités africaines. Toutefois, le droit de la preuve s’accommode mal d’une intégration au droit des affaires. À cet égard, aussi nécessaire que paraît l’émergence d’un droit uniforme de la preuve, son élaboration dans le cadre de l’OHADA appelle des précautions dans la méthode et dans le contenu.
Relativement à la méthode d’élaboration, la première démarche passe par la définition du domaine d’harmonisation qui pourrait être un droit de la preuve autonome. S’agissant de la technique d’harmonisation, il serait prudent d’envisager alternativement à l’acte uniforme d’autres procédés plus souples d’intégration juridique. En ce qui concerne le contenu substantiel, l’apport fondamental se situe dans le renouvellement de la théorie classique de la preuve, pour proposer les principes généraux et les règles techniques issus de l’évolution du droit probatoire et adaptés au contexte africain.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for the management of hypertension
Authors: Cheng Yibang , Li Yan , Wang Jiguang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) has become indispensable in the current management of hypertension. ABPM is particularly useful in the accurate diagnosis of hypertension. Its diagnostic thresholds had been recently established based on hard clinical outcomes. Cross-classification of patients according to office and ambulatory blood pressure identifies white-coat, masked, and sustained hypertension. ABPM is also useful in cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment. It provides information on daytime and nighttime blood pressure and circadian rhythm, particularly nighttime blood pressure dipping. Nighttime blood pressure is predictive of CV risk independent of office and daytime blood pressure. Isolated nocturnal hypertension is a special form of masked hypertension, with normal daytime but elevated nocturnal blood pressure. It also helps in the evaluation of blood pressure fluctuation and variation, such as morning blood pressure surge and reading-to-reading blood pressure variability. ABPM may derive several other indexes, such as ambulatory blood pressure index and salt sensitivity index, which may be useful in CV evaluations.
Endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery in prone split-leg and inclined supine positions to treat renal cast and multiple calyx stones: An invited commentary
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Chi Chenfei , Chen Qi 
Published: February 2022

This Invited Commentary discusses the following article:
Mulay A, Mane D, Mhaske S, Shah AS, Krishnappa D, Sabale V. Supine versus prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi: Our experience. Curr Urol 2022;16 (1):25-29. doi: 10.1097/CU9.0000000000000076.
Characteristics of Posttraumatic Nightmares and Their Relationship to PTSD Severity Among Combat Veterans With PTSD and Hazardous Alcohol Use
Authors: Possemato Kyle , Silander Nina , Bellete Nardos , Emery J. Bronte , De Stefano Leigha , Pigeon Wilfred 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although nightmares are known to predict the clinical course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), research on the relationship between specific nightmare characteristics and PTSD severity is sparse. This study conducted a secondary analysis to explore how five nightmare characteristics are cross-sectionally related to PTSD severity in 76 combat veterans with PTSD and at-risk alcohol use. Consistent with emotional processing theory, we hypothesized that more replicative, threatening, realistic, and easily recalled nightmares would be associated with more severe PTSD, whereas those with greater symbolism would predict lower PTSD severity. Nightmares narratives were audio-recorded and rated by multiple coders. Multiple analyses of variance explored the relationship between nightmare characteristics and PTSD clinical indicators. Most nightmares were realistic, easily recalled, and involved significant threat. Greater realism and replication were associated with greater PTSD severity. Realistic and replicative nightmares may be markers of more severe PTSD and may indicate that less emotional processing of the trauma has occurred.
Pulmonary Vasculitis on Dual-Phase 18F-FDG PET/CT in SAPHO Syndrome
Authors: Norikane Takashi , Yamamoto Yuka , Arai-Okuda Hanae , Dobashi Hiroaki , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary vasculitis is an uncommon type of vasculitis that may cause pulmonary artery stenosis with ensuing ischemic damage to lung tissue. 99mTc–macroaggregated albumin scintigraphy and iodine lung perfusion mapping are useful imaging modalities for assessment of lung perfusion but are not useful for assessing disease activity. On the other hand, 18F-FDG PET/CT is widely used for assessment of vasculitis activity but cannot provide perfusion information. We reported the clinical utility of dual-phase 18F-FDG PET/CT for pulmonary vasculitis in patients with SAPHO (synovitis-acne-pustulosis-hyperostosis-osteitis) syndrome.
Evaluation of Diplopia by Emergency Medicine Physicians and Consulting Neurologists
Authors: Feng Yilin , Commiskey Patrick W. , Deveney Tatiana K. , De Lott Lindsey B. , Trobe Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Appropriate evaluation of diplopia requires separating serious from benign causes. If providers are not adept in this task, diagnosis of critical conditions may be delayed and unnecessary testing may result.

Methods:
We studied the records of 100 consecutive patients who presented to an emergency department between 2010 and 2020 with diplopia as a prominent symptom. We rated the performance of emergency medicine physicians (EMPs) and consulting neurologists (CNs) in the examination, diagnosis, and ordering of diagnostic tests according to standards based on neuro-ophthalmologic consultation and the neuro-ophthalmologic literature.

Results:
EMPs made no diagnosis or an incorrect diagnosis in 88 (88%) of 100 encounters. They ordered 14 unindicated and 12 incorrect studies, mostly noncontrast computed tomography scans. CNs made an incorrect diagnosis in 13 (31%) encounters. They ordered 6 unindicated and 2 incorrect studies. The total charge for unindicated and incorrect studies ordered by EMPs and CNs was $119,950.

Conclusions:
EMPs and CNs made frequent errors in the examination, diagnosis, and ordering of diagnostic studies, leading to inefficient care and unnecessary testing. EMPs largely delegated the evaluation of diplopia to their consultants. If such consultative support were not available, the care of diplopic patients would be delayed. CNs performed more complete examinations, but rarely enough to allow appreciation of the pattern of ocular misalignment, contributing to misdiagnoses and ordering errors. The identification of these provider errors allows for more targeted teaching in the evaluation of diplopia.
Patient characteristics, clinical care, resource use, and outcomes associated with hospitalization for COVID-19 in the Toronto area
Authors: Verma Amol A. , Hora Tejasvi , Jung Hae Young , Fralick Michael , Malecki Sarah L. , Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Weinerman Adina , Tang Terence , Kwan Janice L. , Liu Jessica J. , Rawal Shail , Chan Timothy C.Y. , Cheung Angela M. , Rosella Laura C. , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Herridge Margaret , Mamdani Muhammad , Razak Fahad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient characteristics, clinical care, resource use, and outcomes associated with hospitalization for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Canada are not well described.MethodsWe described all adult discharges from inpatient medical services and medical-surgical intensive care units (ICU) between November 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020 at 7 hospitals in Toronto and Mississauga, Ontario. We compared patients hospitalized with COVID-19, influenza and all other conditions using multivariable regression models controlling for patient age, sex, comorbidity, and residence in long-term-care.ResultsThere were 43,462 discharges in the study period, including 1,027 (3.0%) with COVID-19 and 783 (2.3%) with influenza. Patients with COVID-19 had similar age to patients with influenza and other conditions (median age 65 years vs. 68 years and 68 years, respectively, SD<0.1). Patients with COVID-19 were more likely to be male (59.1%) and 11.7% were long-term care residents. Patients younger than 50 years accounted for 21.2% of all admissions for COVID-19 and 24.0% of ICU admissions. Compared to influenza, patients with COVID-19 had significantly greater mortality (unadjusted 19.9% vs 6.1%, aRR: 3.47, 95%CI: 2.57, 4.67), ICU use (unadjusted 26.4% vs 18.0%, aRR 1.52, 95%CI: 1.27, 1.83) and hospital length-of-stay (unadjusted median 8.7 days vs 4.8 days, aRR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.20, 1.64), and not significantly different 30-day readmission (unadjusted 8.6% vs 8.2%, aRR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.72, 1.42).InterpretationAdults hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic used substantial hospital resources and suffered high mortality. COVID-19 was associated with significantly greater mortality, ICU use, and hospital length-of-stay than influenza.
Immunological pathways underlying autism: Findings from Mendelian randomization and genetic colocalisation analyses
Authors: Dardani Christina , Robinson Jamie W. , Zheng Jie , Sadik Aws , Pagoni Panagiota , Stergiakouli Evie , Gardner Renee , Havdahl Alexandra , Grove Jakob ,   the iPSYCH Autism Spectrum Disorder working group, Smith George Davey , Sullivan Sarah , Leppert Beate , Jones Hannah J. , Zammit Stan , Khandaker Golam M. , Rai Dheeraj 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence implicates the role of inflammation and immunity in autism. However, little is known about the involvement of specific immunological pathways and their causal role. In 18,381 autism cases and 27,969 controls from the PGC and the iPSYCH consortia, we investigated whether 15 cytokines implicated in the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cell subsets (TH1, TH2, TH9, TFH, TH17, TReg) could be causally linked to autism. Within a Mendelian randomization framework, we used protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs; N=1,000-3,394) to assess the effects of genetically proxied levels of plasma cytokines on autism. We additionally used brain cortex expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs; N= 6,601) to investigate whether genetically predicted expression of the genes encoding the cytokines of interest influence autism. We performed colocalisation to assess the possibility that the identified effects were confounded due to Linkage Disequilibrium (LD). We also assessed the possibility of reverse causation. We report consistent evidence for causal effects of genetically predicted levels of IFN-γR1, IL-12Rβ1 (TH1), and IL-4RA, IL-5RA, IL-13RA1 (TH2) on autism. We identified brain-specific effects of genetically predicted expression of IFNGR1, IL12RB1, IL23A, which in the case of IFNGR1 and IL23A were additionally supported by evidence suggestive of colocalisation. Findings appeared unlikely to be influenced by reverse causation. Our findings are consistent with a potentially causal effect of TH1 and TH2 pathway cytokines in autism, and further research is required to elucidate the pathways via which TH1 and TH2 influence its phenotypic presentation.
A single-dose of the deactivated rabies virus vectored COVID-19 vaccine, CORAVAX, is highly efficacious and alleviates lung inflammation in the hamster model
Authors: Kurup Drishya , Wirblich Christoph , Diba Leila Zabihi , Lambert Rachael , Watson Megan , Shaikh Noor , Ramage Holly , Solomides Charalambos , Schnell Matthias J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithout sufficient herd immunity through either vaccination or natural infection, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic is unlikely to be controlled. Waning immunity with the currently approved vaccines suggests the need to evaluate vaccines causing the induction of long-term responses. Here we report the immunogenicity and efficacy of our adjuvanted single-dose Rabies vectored SARS CoV-2 S1 vaccine, CORAVAX, in hamsters. CORAVAX induces high SARS CoV-2 S1 specific and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) that prevent weight loss, viral loads, disease, lung inflammation, and the cytokine storm in hamsters. We also observed high Rabies VNA titers. In summary, CORAVAX is a promising dual antigen vaccine candidate for clinical evaluation against SARS CoV-2 and Rabies virus.
Potent Neutralizing Activity of Polyclonal Equine Antibodies against Omicron SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Luczkowiak J. , Radreau P. , Nguyen L. , Labiod N. , Lasala F. , Herbreteau C.H. , Delgado R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing a polyclonal approach of equine anti-SARS-CoV-2 F(ab’)2 antibodies we have achieved a high level of neutralizing potency against all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested. Neutralization titers were in the range of 105-106 IU/mL including Omicron: 111,403 UI/mL, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude what is normally achieved in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination. The presence of high titers of a repertoire of antibodies targeting conserved epitopes in different regions of the spike protein could plausibly account for this remarkable breadth of neutralization. These results warrant the clinical investigation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine polyclonal F(ab’)2 antibodies as a novel therapeutic strategy against COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Breakthrough among the non-vaccinated and vaccinated: a Real World Evidence study based on Big Data
Authors: Perrella A , Bisogno M , D’Argenzio  , Trama U , Coscioni E , Orlando V ,   COVID CaRe group
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination can occur because COVID-19 vaccines do not offer 100% protection. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage among people nasopharyngeal swabs, disease symptoms and type of hospitalisation (Intensive Care Unit) between the non-vaccinated and the effective dose vaccinated and to evaluate vaccination trend over time.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out among people tested positive for COVID-19 in Campania Region using collected information from Health Information System of Campania Region (Sinfonia).The status of vaccination was assess according to the following timetable: “non-vaccinated”; “Ineffective dose” vaccination; “Effective dose” vaccination.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to COVID-19 and gender, age groups and vaccine.To determine vaccine coverage in subjects who received an effective dose, trend changes over time were investigated using segmented linear regression models and breakpoints estimations.Vaccination coverage was assessed by analysing the trend in the percentage of covid 19 positive subjects in the 9 months after vaccination with an effective dose stratified by age group and type of vaccine. Statistical analyses were performed using R platformResultsA significant association with the risk of hospitalisation in Intensive Care Unit was the vaccination status of the subjects: subjects with ineffective dose (adjusted OR: 3.68) and subjects no-vaccination (adjusted OR: 7.14) were at three- and seven-times higher risk of hospitalisation in Intensive Care Unit, respectively, than subjects with an effective dose.Regarding subjects with an effective dose of vaccine, the vaccine’s ability to protect against infection in the months following vaccination decreased.The first breakpoints is evident five months after vaccination (β =1.441, p<0.001). This increase was most evident after the seventh month after vaccination (β =3.110, p<0.001).ConclusionsCOVID19 vaccines protect from symptomatic infection by significantly reducing the risk of ICU hospitalization for severe disease. However, it seems they have trend to decrease their fully protection against SARS-COV-2 after five months regardless age, sex or type of vaccine. Therefore it seems clear that those not undergoing vaccine had higher risk to develop clinically significant disease and being at risk of ICU stay. Thus, considering highest percentage of asymptomatic patients and that few data about their capacity to transmit SARS-CoV-2, third dose vaccination should be introduced as soon as possible while awaiting antivirals.Finally, a surveillance approach based on the use of integrated BIG Data system to match all clinical conditions too, offer a precise and real analysis with low incidence of errors in the categorization of subjects.
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, vaccination, and hesitancy in agricultural workers in Guatemala
Authors: Calvimontes Diva M. , Krisher Lyndsay , Cruz-Aguilar Alex , Pilloni-Alessio Daniel , Crisostomo-Cal Luis E. , Castañeda-Sosa Edgar A. , Butler-Dawson Jaime , Olson Daniel , Newman Lee S. , Asturias Edwin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, serological tests to screen populations have provided better estimates of the cumulative incidence of infection. This study evaluated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in agricultural workers in rural Guatemala, their COVID-19 vaccine uptake and vaccination attitudes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken from August to November of 2021, in agricultural workers at a sugar plantation in Guatemala. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic, previous COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and attitudes toward vaccination. Serological testing was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG.ResultsOf the 4,343 study participants, 1,279 (29.4%) were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to 2.3% who reported previous COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 vaccine coverage was 85% for the first dose and 21.9% for second dose. Vaccine refusal was 0.6%, and 13.9% expressed some degree of vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitant workers or those refusing were less likely to have had the COVID-19 vaccine. Main reasons to get the vaccine were to protect family, coworkers, and community.ConclusionAgricultural workers in countries like Guatemala have suffered a high incidence of asymptomatic and undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most have received the COVID-19 vaccine, but there are moderate degrees of vaccine hesitancy that require better public health information to overcome it.
Cortico-cortical connectivity is influenced by levodopa in tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rurak B.K. , Tan J. , Rodrigues J.P. , Power B.D. , Drummond P.D. , Vallence A.M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundResting tremor is the most common presenting motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The supplementary motor area (SMA) is one of the main targets of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit and has direct, facilitatory connections with the primary motor cortex (M1), which is important for the execution of voluntary movement. Dopamine potentially modulates SMA and M1 activity, and both regions have been implicated in resting tremor.ObjectiveTo examine SMA-M1 connectivity in individuals with PD ON and OFF dopamine medication, and whether SMA-M1 connectivity is implicated in resting tremor.MethodsDual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to measure SMA-M1 facilitatory connectivity in PD participants ON and OFF levodopa. Resting tremor was measured using electromyography and accelerometry.ResultsStimulating SMA had an inhibitory influence on M1 excitability OFF levodopa, and a facilitatory influence on M1 excitability ON levodopa. ON medication, correlational analysis showed an association between tremor severity and SMA-M1 connectivity, with SMA-M1 facilitation associated with smaller tremor than SMA-M1 inhibition.ConclusionsThe current findings contribute to our understanding of the neural networks involved in PD which are altered by levodopa medication and provide a neurophysiological basis for the development of interventions to treat resting tremor.
Safety of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: a Canadian National Vaccine Safety (CANVAS) Network study
Authors: Sadarangani Manish , Soe Phyumar , Shulha Hennady , Valiquette Louis , Vanderkooi Otto G , Kellner James D , Muller Matthew P , Top Karina A , Isenor Jennifer E , McGeer Allison , Irvine Mike , De Serres Gaston , Marty Kimberly , Bettinger Julie A. ,   Canadian Immunization Research Network
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPregnant individuals have been receiving COVID-19 vaccines following pre-authorization clinical trials in non-pregnant people. This study aimed to determine significant health events amongst pregnant females after COVID-19 vaccination, compared with unvaccinated pregnant controls and vaccinated non-pregnant individuals.MethodsStudy participants were pregnant and non-pregnant females aged 15-49 years who had received any COVID-19 vaccine, and pregnant unvaccinated controls. Participants reported significant health events occurring within seven days of vaccination. We employed multivariable logistic regression to examine significant health events associated with mRNA vaccines.FindingsOverall 226/5,597(4.0%) vaccinated pregnant females reported a significant health event after dose one of an mRNA vaccine, and 227/3,108(7.3%) after dose two, compared with 11/339(3.2%) pregnant unvaccinated females. Pregnant vaccinated females had an increased odds of a significant health event after dose two of mRNA-1273 (aOR 4.4,95%CI 2.4-8.3) compared to pregnant unvaccinated controls, but not after dose one of mRNA-1273 or any dose of BNT162b2. Pregnant females had decreased odds of a significant health event compared to non-pregnant females after both dose one (aOR 0.63,95%CI 0.55-0.72) and dose two (aOR 0.62,95%CI 0.54-0.71) of mRNA vaccination. There were no significant differences in any analyses when restricted to events which led to medical attention.InterpretationCOVID-19 mRNA vaccines have a good safety profile in pregnancy. Rates of significant health events were higher after dose two of mRNA-1273 compared with unvaccinated controls, with no difference when considering events leading to medical consultation. Rates of significant health events were lower in pregnant females than similarly aged non-pregnant individuals.FundingThis work was supported by the COVID-19 Vaccine Readiness funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Public Health Agency of Canada CANVAS grant number CVV-450980 and by funding from the Public Health Agency of Canada, through the Vaccine Surveillance Reference Group and the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force.