bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental anatomy and replacement patterns in the early Permian stem amniote, Seymouria
Authors: Maho Tea , Reisz Robert R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe exquisite preservation of maxillary and mandibular fragments of Seymouria has allowed us to examine for the first time in detail the dental anatomy and patterns of development in this stem amniote. The results obtained through histological examination show that Seymouria has pleurodont implantation with ankylosis of the tooth to the labial side of the jawbone. The dentary and maxillary teeth exhibit similar dental characteristics, such as the attachment bone (alveolar bone) and cementum rising above the jawbone on the base of the tooth, and smooth carinae extending lingually toward the tooth apex. Additionally, the clear presence of plicidentine, infolding of dentine into the pulp cavity, was found within the tooth root extending into the tooth crown. Lastly, the tooth replacement pattern is alternating, illustrating that Seymouria retains the classic primitive condition for tetrapods, a pattern that is continued in amniotes. Our results provide an important basis for comparison with other stem amniotes and with amniotes.
Non‐drinking 101: How non‐drinkers navigate the drinking culture on a college campus
Authors: Wolburg Joyce M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study gives voice to non‐drinkers and moderate drinkers who go against the drinking norm on college campuses. It aims for greater insights so that colleges and universities can change the prevailing drinking culture and empower non‐drinkers. Qualitative interviews with 34 US college students explored their experiences as non‐drinkers to answer research questions that centered upon the decision to be a non‐drinker, the emotional toll of being an outlier, the impact on relationships, and strategies for navigating the drinking culture. Universities have made good faith efforts to reduce the incidence of drinking on campus through social marketing campaigns. However, most were aimed at drinkers—not non‐drinkers—and achieved limited results. Given the pressure on non‐drinkers, public policy questions arise concerning ways to provide stronger support for students, who manage to stay sober against the odds. This study argues for new approaches to help non‐drinkers navigate the drinking culture.
Comparing the impact of two contact isolation modes for hospitalised patients with Clostridioides difficile infection on the quality of care
Authors: Gehasi Inbar , Livshiz‐Riven Ilana , Michael Tal , Borer Abraham , Saidel‐Odes Lisa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundClostridioides difficile causes healthcare‐associated infections. Environmental spore acquisition is a major mode of transmission. Patient cohorting to prevent cross‐transmission in healthcare‐institutions is a reasonable component of an enhanced infection control strategy.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to assess the effect of two different contact isolation modes on the quality of care of hospitalised patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).MethodsA retrospective cohort‐study of patients with CDI hospitalised under one of two contact isolation modes: contact isolation in a multi‐patient room without a dedicated nursing team vs. contact isolation in a permanent cohort isolation unit with a dedicated nursing team. Patients' files were reviewed for demographics, clinical characteristics, risk‐assessment scores, clinical quality measures including the number of blood tests collected per day, the number of radiological tests applied per day and the time at which a radiological test was conducted, as process measurements, along with the length of stay and mortality, as outcome measures. The STROBE checklist for reporting observational studies was followed.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐eight patients with CDI were included; 100 in a permanent cohort isolation unit and 78 under contact isolation in a multi‐patient room. No difference was found in all clinical quality process measures and in all outcome measures. Multivariable logistic regression showed that nursing home residence was associated with in‐hospital mortality (OR, 2.51; CI, 1.29–4.97; p = .007), whereas the mode of hospitalisation was not.ConclusionsThe different contact isolation modes of hospitalisation did not compromise the quality of care of patients with CDI.Relevance to clinical practiceCohorting of patients with CDI is used to prevent cross‐transmission, though it raises a major concern regarding quality of care. In this study we show there was no compromise in patient care, therefore it is a reasonable component of an enhanced infection control strategy in a hospital setting.
Nurse performance: A path model of clinical leadership, creative team climate and structural empowerment
Authors: Kuşcu Karatepe Hilal , Türkmen Emine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aimed to: (a) identify and examine the influence of clinical leadership, creative team climate (CTC) and structural empowerment (SE) on the nurse performance (NP) of clinical nurses in hospitals in Turkey, and (b) establish a model designed to verify the fit and effect of these factors.BackgroundNurse performance is a significant indicator of work efficiency, patient care quality and patient safety. Existing studies explaining the mechanisms that lead to higher nurse performance have been limited.DesignThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study used relation prediction modelling and adhered to STROBE guidelines.MethodsThis study used an online survey to collect data from volunteered 664 clinical nurses working in hospitals in Turkey. The data were analysed using SPSS version 26.0 and the AMOS 24.0 program. Path analysis was used to verify/test the hypothetical model, and the fit was evaluated by χ2/df, GFI, AGFI, NFI, CFI, IFI, RFI, TLI, RMR and RMSEA.ResultsThe fit index of the modified path model was χ2/df = 3.730, GFI = 0.904, AGFI = 0.892, NFI = 0.907, CFI = 0.923, IFI = 0.923, RFI = 0.906, TLI = 0.912, RMR = 0.078 and RMSEA = 0.064. Through creative team climate and structural empowerment, clinical leadership had the greatest standardised direct (β = .35) and indirect (β = .17) effects on clinical nurse performance, the final outcome variable. Creative team climate (β = .23) and structural empowerment (β = .19) also had a significant standardised direct effect on nurse performance. Clinical leadership, creative team climate and structural empowerment explained 39% of the total variance of nurse performance.ConclusionsThis study shows that clinical nurse performance in hospitals was significantly influenced by clinical leadership, creative team climate and structural empowerment. The results suggest that intervention programmes considering these factors could be implemented to enhance nurse performance.Relevance to Clinical PracticeImproved nurse performance requires strong clinical leadership, creative team climate and structural empowerment. Therefore, healthcare organisations may implement initiatives to enhance nurse performance by taking these factors into account.
Parental mental health and child anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Latin America
Authors: Ben Brik Anis , Williams Natalie , Esteinou Rosario , Acero Iván Darío Moreno , Mesurado Belén , Debeliuh Patricia , Storopoli Jose Eduardo , Orellana Olivia Nuñez , James Spencer L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examined parents’ (N = 10,141, 64% women) reports of their and their childrens’ depression, anxiety, and stress in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Argentina. The data come from the COVID‐19 Family Life Study (Ben Brik, 2020) and cohort recruited between April and December 2020. Participants completed online surveys that included the DASS‐21 and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Our findings indicate that socio‐economically disadvantaged families fared worse in mental health during the early phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic compared with families with more social and economic resources. Mothers reported higher anxiety, depression, and stress compared with fathers. Parents of adolescents and adolescents fared worse than did families with younger children. Parental physical activity was associated with better parent and child mental health of anxiety symptoms. We discuss the need to address the adverse impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mental health in families in Latin America via coordinated mental health and psychosocial support services that are integrated into the pandemic response currently and after the pandemic subsides.
Can exercise training promote better sleep and reduced fatigue in people with chronic stroke? A systematic review
Authors: Tai Daria , Falck Ryan S. , Davis Jennifer C. , Vint Zackari , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa 
Published: June 2022

SummaryPoor sleep and chronic fatigue are common in people with chronic stroke (i.e. ≥ 6 months post‐stroke). Exercise training is a viable, low‐cost therapy for promoting sleep and reducing fatigue; however, the effects of exercise on sleep and fatigue in people with chronic stroke are unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review ascertaining the effects of exercise on sleep and fatigue in people with chronic stroke. We systematically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, AgeLine, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, SCOPUS, and reference lists of relevant reviews for articles that examined the effects of exercise on sleep or fatigue in chronic stroke. Search results were limited to adults ≥ 18 years, randomized controlled trials, non‐randomized trials, and pre–post studies, which were published in English and examined the effects of exercise on sleep or fatigue in people with chronic stroke. We extracted study characteristics and information on the measurement of sleep and fatigue, and assessed study quality and risk of bias using the CONSORT criteria and Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool, respectively. We found two studies that examined the effects of exercise on sleep, and two that examined the effects of exercise on fatigue. All studies reported positive effects of exercise training on sleep and fatigue; however, there were concerns of bias and study quality in all studies. There is preliminary evidence that exercise promotes sleep and reduces fatigue in people with chronic stroke; however, the extent to which exercise impacts these health parameters is unclear.
Hepatitis B virus X gene impacts on the innate immunity and immune‐tolerant phase in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chi , Chua Huey‐Huey , Chen Ya‐Hui , Tsuei Daw‐Jen , Lee Mei‐Hui , Chiang Cheng‐Lun , Jeng Yung‐Ming , Wu Jia‐Feng , Chen Huey‐Ling , Hsu Hong‐Yuan , Ni Yen‐Hsuan , Chang Mei‐Hwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe immunologic features involved in the immune‐tolerant phase of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus (HBV) infection are unclear. The hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein disrupts IFN‐β induction by downregulating MAVS and may destroy subsequent HBV‐specific adaptive immunity. We aimed to analyse the impacts of genetic variability of HBx in CHB patients on the immune‐tolerant phase during long‐term follow‐up.MethodsChildren with CHB in the immune‐tolerant phase were recruited and followed longitudinally. HBx gene sequencing of infecting HBV strains was performed, and the effects of HBx mutations on the immune‐tolerant phase were assessed. Restoration of the host immune response to end the immune‐tolerant phase was investigated by immunoblotting, immunostaining, ELISA and reporter assays of MAVS/IFN‐β signalling in liver cell lines, patient liver tissues and the HBV plasmid replication system.ResultsA total of 173 children (median age, 6.92 years) were recruited. Patients carrying HBx R87G, I127V and R87G + I127V double mutations exhibited higher cumulative incidences of immune‐tolerant phase breakthrough (p = .011, p = .006 and p = .017 respectively). Cells transfected with HBx R87G and I127V mutants and pHBV1.3‐B6.3 replicons containing the HBx R87G and I127V mutations exhibited statistically increased levels of IFN‐β, especially under poly(I:C) stimulation or Flag‐MAVS cotransfection. HA‐HBx wild‐type interacted with Flag‐MAVS and enhanced its ubiquitination, but this ability was diminished in the R87G and I127V mutants.ConclusionsHBx suppresses IFN‐β induction. R87G and I127V mutation restored IFN‐β production by preventing MAVS degradation, contributing to curtailing the HBV immune‐tolerant phase in CHB patients.
Presence of Southeast Pacific blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) off South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Rojas‐Cerda Constanza , Buchan Susannah J. , Branch Trevor A. , Malige Franck , Patris Julie , Hucke‐Gaete Rodrigo , Staniland Iain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Southeast Pacific (SEP) or Chilean blue whale population is largely distributed between Northern Chilean Patagonia and the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Off South Georgia (SG), the majority of blue whales caught were Antarctic blue whales, but recent genetic and acoustic records indicate the possible presence of SEP individuals. To assess the presence of SEP blue whales off SG, we carried out new analyses of acoustic data previously reported as containing pygmy blue whale song and analyzed the length frequencies from 20th century catch data. The month of acoustic data reported to contain the presumed pygmy blue whale song was examined (August 2006), and 13 days were found to have songs which visually and quantitatively matched SEP2 songs from Northern Chilean Patagonia. The fundamental frequency of SEP2 song off SG, however, was not in line with the predicted frequency shift trend of the SEP2 songs in the SEP. A mixture analysis of lengths in historic whaling catches indicated that 3.3% of the catches from SG could be SEP blue whales, although this declined to 0.6%, 95% CI [0.0, 2.6] when fit to nonrounded lengths. Our results suggest that any SEP blue whales off SG are likely rare vagrants, at the edge of an endangered population.
The Efficacy of Incidental Attention to Formulaic and Nonformulaic Forms in Focus on Form
Authors: Gholami Leila 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFocus on form (FonF) studies have predominantly addressed its effectiveness in improving learners’ syntactic, lexical, orthographic, and phonological knowledge. Extending the scope of this line of research to formulaic FonF practices, this study investigates the relative effectiveness of incidental FonF targeting formulaic versus nonformulaic forms through (successful) uptake rate and individualized posttests. Formulaic forms refer to collocation, idiom, lexical bundle, and compound, whereas nonformulaic forms refer to grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling. A total of 551 focus‐on‐form episodes (FFEs) with formulaic foci, and 874 instances of FFEs with nonformulaic foci were identified in 30 hours of teacher–learner interactions in English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language classes. FFEs with formulaic and nonformulaic foci (n = 446) were used as the basis for developing individualized test items. This study found that learners produced (successful) uptake more often following FFEs with formulaic foci than nonformulaic ones, while they performed less successfully on the individualized immediate and delayed posttests in the case of formulaic‐oriented FFEs. Based on the regression analyses, the occurrence of successful uptake following FFEs with formulaic foci was not found to be a significant predictor of learners’ retention of target forms on the individualized posttests.
Gas exchange analysers exhibit large measurement error driven by internal thermal gradients
Authors: Garen Josef C. , Branch Haley A. , Borrego Isaac , Blonder Benjamin , Stinziano Joseph R. , Michaletz Sean T. 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Portable gas exchange analysers provide critical data for understanding plant‐atmosphere carbon and water fluxes, and for parameterising Earth system models that forecast climate change effects and feedbacks.

We characterised temperature measurement errors in the Li‐Cor LI‐6400XT and LI‐6800, and estimated downstream errors in derived quantities, including stomatal conductance (gsw) and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci).

The LI‐6400XT exhibited air temperature errors (differences between reported air temperature and air temperature measured near the leaf) up to 7.2°C, leaf temperature errors up to 5.3°C, and relative errors in gsw and Ci that increased as temperatures departed from ambient. This caused errors in leaf‐to‐air temperature relationships, assimilation–temperature curves and CO2 response curves. Temperature dependencies of maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum RuBP regeneration rate (Jmax) showed errors of 12% and 35%, respectively. These errors are likely to be idiosyncratic and may differ among machines and environmental conditions. The LI‐6800 exhibited much smaller errors.

Earth system model predictions may be erroneous, as much of their parametrisation data were measured on the LI‐6400XT system, depending on the methods used. We make recommendations for minimising errors and correcting data in the LI‐6400XT. We also recommend transitioning to the LI‐6800 for future data collection.
Discovery of MIRAGE syndrome
Authors: Narumi Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the first report in 2009, whole exome sequencing has become the most effective and efficient research tool in human genetics. MIRAGE syndrome is a novel single‐gene disorder discovered through whole‐exome sequencing for pediatric patients with adrenal insufficiency of unknown etiology, and is caused by de novo heterozygous variants in SAMD9. MIRAGE syndrome was initially discovered as a systemic disease affecting multiple systems, including hematopoietic, immune, endocrine, and gastrointestinal systems but later studies revealed a subset of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome as the sole manifestation. In addition, pathogenic variants in SAMD9L, a paralog gene of SAMD9, were reported to cause an inherited disorder of the hematopoietic system and central nervous system, called ataxia‐pancytopenia syndrome. This article reviews the history of MIRAGE syndrome from its discovery to the proposal of SAMD9/SAMD9L syndromes, and discusses directions for future research.
Population health assessment project: An innovative strategy for teaching principles of epidemiology
Authors: Keen Diane L. , Steppe Johnathan D. , White Mary Katherine , Blake Barbara J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPublic health nurses (PHNs) use principles of epidemiology in their work with communities; however, teaching these concepts at the baccalaureate level can be challenging. To reinforce the epidemiologic concepts taught in the classroom, two nursing faculty in our baccalaureate nursing program developed a population health project that allows students to explore concepts of epidemiology within the context of a population health concern. This article describes how the project provides students with a realistic opportunity to research the health issue. As a part of the project, students collect and analyze data about the health concern at the county, state, and national level. The project also requires students to identify local agencies who provide services for people who are impacted by the health issue and describe their role and function within the community. Furthermore, students discuss the roles and responsibilities of nurses in managing the population health concern under investigation. In doing so, students recognize how epidemiology informs population level nursing care. If nursing students understand epidemiological concepts, they will be better prepared to educate the communities they serve after graduation when a population health crisis, such as the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, occurs.
A statistical method for analyzing agglomeration zones of co‐location between diverse facilities on a street network
Authors: Morioka Wataru , Kwan Mei‐Po , Okabe Atsuyuki , McLafferty Sara L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany geographic studies examined the spatial relationships between store locations that promote urban growth through agglomeration effects. One of the key relationships is co‐location, the spatial proximity among different types of facilities within a specific distance. To analyze co‐location with statistical inference, several studies have employed the cross K function method. However, the ordinary cross K function method is likely to be unsuitable because it assumes a continuous and homogeneous two‐dimensional plane, while stores are usually located on a street network. Another drawback is that it does not directly specify how the distances between different types of stores influence their mutual attraction over space, referred to as the agglomeration zone in this article. To address these limitations, this article develops a new statistical method named the incremental network dual K function. The usefulness of the method is illustrated by an empirical analysis of store locations in a central area of Tokyo.
Endothelial biomarkers as predictors for haemodialysis need in severe leptospirosis patients (Weil's disease)
Authors: Meneses Gdayllon Cavalcante , de Carvalho Gomes Pedro Eduardo Andrade , Galdino Gabriela Studart , Bezerra Gabriela Freire , de Souza Santos Ranieri Sales , Martins Alice Maria Costa , da Silva Junior Geraldo Bezerra , Libório Alexandre Braga , Pires Neto Roberto da Justa , Daher Elizabeth De Francesco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prediction ability of vascular injury biomarkers for haemodialysis requirement in patients with severe leptospirosis.MethodsProspective study with severe leptospirosis patients hospitalised in Fortaleza, Brazil. Blood samples were collected hospital admission to quantify vascular injury biomarkers: syndecan‐1, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, angiopoietin‐2 and FGF‐23. Two groups were evaluated according to haemodialysis requirement during hospital stay.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were included, with a mean age of 39 ± 18 years. 88.9% were males. 53.8% needed haemodialysis and presented higher levels on hospital admission of syndecan‐1 (572 [300–811] vs. 263 [106–421] ng/ml; p = 0.03), angiopoietin‐2 (1.52 [0.72–2.72] vs. 0.63 [0.4–1.38] ng/ml; p = 0.01), and FGF‐23 (291 [56–2031] vs. 10 [10–806] pg/ml; p = 0.021). Syndecan‐1 showed significant correlation with creatinine (r = 0.546; p = 0.05) and total bilirubin levels (r = 0.534; p = 0.013) on hospital admission. Angiopoietin‐2 showed significant correlation with creatinine levels (r = 0.513; p = 0.009) on hospital admission and with number of haemodialysis sessions (r = 0.406; p = 0.049). No significant correlation was found with FGF‐23. Regarding prognostic performance, combined syndecan‐1 and angiopoietin‐2 levels had a better ability to predict haemodialysis need in patients with severe leptospirosis (AUC‐ROC = 0.744 [95% CI: 0.545–0.943] p = 0.035).ConclusionSyndecan‐1 and angiopoietin‐2 were associated with haemodialysis need in patients with severe leptospirosis and may be useful to improve therapeutic approach and reduce mortality.