bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal biomechanical parameters after 60 years old
Authors: Yekta Abbas Ali , Hashemi Hassan , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Shokrollahzadeh Fereshteh , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine the distribution of corneal biomechanical parameters in an elderly population and their correlation with some demographic and ocular variables.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in subjects above 60 years living in Tehran, Iran. The participants were selected using multi‐stage cluster sampling. All of the subjects underwent optometric and ophthalmic examinations as well as imaging using the Pentacam and IOL Master. Corneal biomechanical parameters were measured in a subsample of this population randomly selected from subjects using the Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer.ResultsOf 470 subjects, the data of 420 participants aged over 60 years were analyzed (mean age = 69.3 ± 6.5 years). The mean corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) was 8.37 mmHg (95% CI: 8.02–8.72) and 9.06 mmHg (95% CI: 8.69–9.44), respectively. The mean CH was 8.27 mmHg (95% CI: 7.92–8.62) in men and 9.25 mmHg (95% CI: 8.56–9.93) in women, and the mean CRF was 9.00 mmHg (95% CI: 8.60–9.40) in men and 9.63 mmHg (95% CI: 8.86–9.98) in women. According to the results of multiple linear logistic regression analysis, CH had a significant correlation with younger age (Coefficien = −0.05, p = 0.032), female sex (Coefficien = 1.83, p < 0.001), reduced maximum keratometry (Coefficien = −0.22, p = 0.060), and increased anterior chamber volume (Coefficien = 0.01, p = 0.007). The results also showed that CRF was significantly correlated with a younger age (Coefficien = −0.06, p = 0.022), female sex (Coefficien = 1.01, p = 0.053), central corneal thickness (Coefficien = 0.02, p < 0.001), and reduced maximum keratometry (Coefficien = −0.39, p = 0.010).ConclusionsThe mean CH and CRF were low in the Iranian population aged over 60 years indicating the weaker elasticity of the corneal connective tissue. Advanced age and male sex were associated with a decrease in corneal biomechanical parameters. Due to the relationship between CRF and maximum keratometry, it seems that this parameter can be used to predict keratoconus in the elderly.
The functional consequence of the pathogenic variant in the inflammasome component NLRP3 as the underlying cause of keratitis fugax hereditaria
Authors: Kawan Sabita , Backlund Micheal , Immonen Annamari , Turunen Joni 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeKeratitis fugax hereditaria (KFH) is a rare periodic autoinflammatory corneal disease caused by a heterozygous pathogenic variant c.61G>C in the NLRP3 gene. Other NLRP3 variants cause cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), characterized by enhanced production of IL‐1β. While more than 50% of KFH patients use prednisolone to relieve pain, there are no data on how the c.61G>C NLRP3 variant or prednisolone treatment affects IL‐1β production in KFH patients. We carried out a functional study to elucidate these questions.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from whole blood of patients with KFH (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 4) were grown under steady‐state conditions or exposed to NLRP3 inflammasome priming with LPS (500 ng/ml) together with or without prednisolone (100 µM) and subsequently activating inflammasome with ATP(1 mM). Proteins precipitated from the cell culture media were separated by SDS‐PAGE and transferred to a membrane by western blotting. IL‐1β was visualized from the membranes by immunodetection. Alternatively, the concentration of secreted IL‐1β in the media was quantified by ELISA.ResultsFollowing NLRP3 inflammasome activating stimuli, a reduced threshold for IL‐1β secretion was observed in severely affected KFH patients compared to mildly affected patients or healthy controls. In these patients, LPS priming alone was able to trigger IL‐1β secretion while in the mildly affected patients and healthy controls IL‐1β secretion required a canonical two‐hit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by both LPS and ATP. In both KFH and healthy control‐derived PBMCs, IL‐1β secretion declined after prednisolone treatment.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that patients with severe KFH are more prone to IL‐1β secretion, thus indicating that the c.61G>C is a gain‐of‐function variant. Furthermore, prednisolone is a potent treatment for reducing IL‐1β secretion in KFH.
MicroRNA‐mRNA genetic networks in refractive eye development and myopia
Authors: Tkatchenko Andrei , Tkatchenko Tatiana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeMyopia is a complex disease controlled by both environmental and genetic factors. Recent genetic studies suggested that the development of myopia is controlled by numerous coding genes. However, the contribution of non‐coding genes, such as microRNAs, is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of microRNAs in refractive eye development and the development of myopia.MethodsDifferential expression of both microRNAs and mRNAs was analyzed in the retina, RPE, choroid, and sclera of C57BL mice upon induction of experimental myopia with −20 D lenses using RNA‐seq and microRNA‐mRNA genetic networks were reconstructed. We also explored the impact of microRNAs on signaling pathways and evaluated the role of microRNAs in refractive eye development in vivo using conditional Dicer1 knockout mice.ResultsGene expression profiling revealed large number of differential mRNAs and microRNAs in the retina and RPE/choroid/sclera complexes. MicroRNAs were involved in the regulation of several key canonical pathways and biological processes previously implicated in refractive eye development. We then compared visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and refractive errors in Dicer1 knockouts (Dicer1−/−) and wild‐type littermates (Dicer1+/+) at baseline. We found that loss of miRNAs in the postnatal eyes resulted in a large hyperopic shift in refractive error (+16.3 ± 3.6 D in Dicer1 knockouts versus +4.7 ± 3.0 D in wild‐type animals, p < 1.44 × 10−4), which was accompanied by a small reduction in visual acuity (0.360 ± 0.006 cpd in Dicer1−/− versus 0.403 ± 0.002 cpd in Dicer1+/+, p < 1.16 × 10−7) and contrast sensitivity (12.01 ± 0.27 in Dicer1−/− versus 13.65 ± 0.40 in Dicer1+/+, p < 1.91 × 10−5). Loss of miRNAs also caused a statistically significant increase in susceptibility to form‐deprivation myopia in Dicer1 knockouts compared to wild‐type animals (−19.1 ± 6.8 D in Dicer1−/− versus −9.7 ± 2.7 D in Dicer1+/+, p < 1.51 × 10−4).ConclusionsOur data suggest that microRNAs play significant role in refractive eye development and the development of myopia via modulation of several canonical signaling pathways. MicroRNAs appear to be integrated in the signaling cascade involved in the optical‐defocus‐regulated refractive eye development at multiple levels.
Epidemiological evolution of viral conjunctivitis in ophthalmology emergency departments during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Reina Alfonso Rubio , Blazquez Javier Guzman , Diaz Oier Perez , Cardeñosa Nuria Cuenca , De Paz Sergio Pérez , Alvarez Quiroz Nolvis Marina , Morcillo Lozano María Belén , Rodríguez Beatriz González , Serrano Famara Doblado , Lopez Fernando Sellers , Martin Laura Alonso , Leal González Maria De Los Angeles , Silva Bruno Casco , Fernández García Maria Josefa , Hernandez Carranza Maria Zulema 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe COVID‐19 pandemic has substantially changed hygiene habits and measures to reduce the transmission of viruses through the respiratory route. The purpose is to analyse the influence of these measures on the incidence of adenovirus eye infections during the first phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Spain.MethodsRetrospective study by consecutive sampling of patients who attended the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of our hospital between March 19 and April 30, 2019 and 2020. Quantitative variables were analysed using Student's t‐test for independent data and the difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis was measured using the chi‐square test (IBM spss 20).ResultsAll medical records of patients in the 2020 group were reviewed and no evidence of COVID infection was found in the 10 days following their visit to the hospital. We found no significant differences in age or sex. In the 2019 period, a total of 1139 patients were seen, of which 162 (14.2%) had a clinical diagnosis of adenovirus conjunctivitis vs. 977 (85.8%) had other diagnoses. In 2020, there were 280 patients seen in the same time period, with 19 (6.8%) diagnosed with conjunctivitis compared to 261 with other diagnoses (93.2%).We found a significant decrease in the incidence of cases of adenovirus conjunctivitis in 2020 compared to 2019 (p = 0.001). The 17.90% of patients (29) returned to the emergency department after a diagnosis of viral conjunctivitis in 2019, while only one of the patients seen in 2020 returned.ConclusionsThe use of face masks as well as hand and surface hygiene measures, especially in the healthcare setting, clearly reduce the incidence of adenovirus eye infections. Although the sample collected during 2020 covers the first period of confinement in Spain, our impression is that the trend of decreasing cases of adenovirus conjunctivitis cases is sustained over time.ReferencesRomano MR, et al. Facing COVID‐19 in Ophthalmology Department. Curr Eye Res. 2020;45(6):653–658.Hoeferlin C, Review of Clinical and Operative Recommendations for Ophthalmology Practices During the COVID‐19 Pandemic. SN Compr Clin Med. 2021;1–6.Güemes‐Villahoz N, et al. Conjunctivitis in COVID‐19 patients: frequency and clinical presentation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020.
Progressive retinal thinning in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: longitudinal study over a period of 5 years
Authors: Vicente Altabás María José , Roger Álvaro Tello , Roger Luisa Castro , Palomar Elisa Vilades , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Rodrigo Sanjuán María Jesús , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , García‐Campayo Javier , Palacián María Satué 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo quantify changes in visual function parameters and the macular neuroretina of patients with Fibromyalgia (FM) over a period of 5 years, and to compare with changes in healthy controls.MethodsEighty patients with FM and 38 age and sex‐matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. Only one eye per subject was randomly selected and included. All subjects underwent evaluation of visual acuity (VA) by ETDRS charts, contrast sensitivity vision (CSV) using CSV 1000E test and retinal evaluation using Spectralis Optical coherence tomography (OCT). All subjects were re‐evaluated after 5 years to quantify changes in visual function parameters and ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. Association between progressive structural, functional and disease severity changes was analysed. Additionally, in order to analyse progression depending on disease phenotype, the patients were classified into three different groups and compared.ResultsAfter a period of 5 years of follow‐up, patients with FM showed worse low contrast VA (p = 0.024), and low frequency CSV (p = 0.004). Furthermore, they presented a progressive decrease affecting the GCL thickness (nasal 1, p = 0.004; temporal 1, p < 0.001; inferior 1, p = 0.001) and the RNFL (nasal 1 and 2, p < 0.001; superior 1, p < 0.001; and inferior 1, p = 0.002). Changes affecting the GCL were correlated with progression in disease severity scores (EQ‐5D, r = 0.560, p < 0.001; FIQ, r = −0.470, p = 0.003). Correlations between structural changes and disease severity scores were only observed in the atypical and biologic phenotypes.ConclusionsPatients with FM present progressive retinal neurodegeneration and visual function changes with time. The evaluation of visual parameters and GCL/RNFL thickness using SD‐OCT could constitute a useful tool in monitoring FM progression.
Retina analysis with optical coherence tomography in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Campo Lorena Arias , Vicente Altabás María José , Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Viladés Palomar Elisa , Satue Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the inner layers of the retina in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) compared to healthy subjects using a posterior pole protocol analysis in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the relationship of structural measures with quality of life.MethodsSeventy‐four eyes of healthy subjects and 55 eyes of FM patients were analyzed. FM group was divided into three subgroups depending on the phenotype of the disease (group 1, biologic phenotype; group 2, depressive phenotype; group 3, atypical phenotype). All of them were evaluated using Pole Posterior protocol of OCT Spectralis, which analyzes the thickness of the macular area divided into 64 cells. The thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the ganglion cell layer (GCL) were evaluated. All patients completed the EuroQol questionnaire (EQ‐5D) and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) to assess health‐related quality of life.ResultsThe FM patients presented a significant thinning of the RNFL in 17/64 cells and the GCL in 47/64 cells, compared with the control group. The depressive FM phenotype presented the highest number of cells significantly decreased compared to controls. A significant correlation was observed between the GCL and the EuroQol 5D questionnaire results in the lower temporal cells of the posterior pole grid.ConclusionsFM patients showed a loss of retinal ganglion cells and RNFL detectable by the Posterior Pole protocol of OCT. This is a safe, easy and fast test which provides very complete macular data to quantitatively and objectively assess the disease and its different phenotypes in this patients.
High index of suspicion and complementary studies. Keys in the diagnosis of Fundus Albipunctatus
Authors: Dolores Díaz‐Barreda Mª , Boned Ana , Pérez Rivasés Guillermo , Bakkali El Bakkali Ismael , Núñez Moscarda Eva , Orejudo Derivas Marta , Cisneros Pablo , Ramiro Millan Patricia , Remon Leon , Ascaso Francisco , Perez Garcia Diana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeDue to its low prevalence Fundus albipunctatus (FA) constitutes a diagnostic challenge for any ophthalmologist. FA belongs to the heterogeneous group of "flecked retinal syndromes" characterised by the presence of a whitish‐yellowish stippling, located in the periphery in FA respecting the macular area with normal papilla and vascularisation. It is a congenital form of non‐progressive night blindness with autosomal recessive inheritance mostly caused by mutations in the RDH5 gene. Electroretinogram (ERG) shows an altered rod response in the dark that normalises with scotopic adaptation.MethodsWe present the case of a 12‐year‐old boy who was referred to our department for retinopathy under consideration. Ophthalmological examination showed a visual acuity of unity in both eyes according to the decimal scale, highlighting in the fundus a peripheral whitish stippling respecting the posterior pole with no other alterations. Given the clinical features suggestive of AF, additional tests were performed.ResultsMultifocal and Ganzfeld bell ERG showed altered rod response with recovery of the scotopic adaptation response. There was an absence of autofluorescence (AF) indicating reduced retinal 11‐cis input to the photoreceptors. Fleckes on Optic Coherence Tomography (OCT) appeared as hyper‐reflective lesions. We confirmed the diagnosis by genetic study showing RDH5 mutation. It was not possible to study relatives.ConclusionsFA is a rare pathology whose characteristics must be known in order to suspect and properly diagnose it, distinguishing it from other similar diseases with a worse prognosis that may require a different follow‐up and approach, such as retinitis punctata albescens or fundus flavimaculatus, for which ERG, OCT and FA play a fundamental role.
Bilateral Sixth nerve palsy in a pediatric patient as first presentation of atypical miller fisher syndrome
Authors: Arias Pablo Cisneros , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Pérez‐Rivasés Guillermo , Moscarda Eva Nuñez , de Rivas Marta Orejudo , Díaz Barreda Maria Dolores , Murillo Ana Boned , García Diana Perez , Grijalvo Leon Remon , Alperte Juan Ibañez , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe a case of bilateral sixth nerve palsy in the setting of an atypical Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS), extremely rare in the pediatric population and barely documented in the literatureMethodsWe present a case of a 12‐year‐old girl who came to the emergency room for diplopia of 24 hours. She had no history of a previous infectious or febrile process, except for an episode of abdominal pain 8 days earlier. The examination revealed bilateral sixth nerve palsy. Hospital admission was decided. Two days later the clinical picture worsened, appearing swallowing difficulty, decreased strength and muscle tone in all 4 extremities. The tendon reflexes were preserved. Craniospinal MRI and lumbar puncture were normal. The electroneurogram was consistent with early stage of polyradiculoneuritis. Autoimmunity tests showed positive anti‐GT1a antibodies and negative anti‐GQ1b antibodies.ResultsBased on the findings, treatment with immunoglobulin and intravenous corticosteroids was decided. Clinical resolution was progressive and the oculomotor alteration completely remitted at 2 months.ConclusionsMFS is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the classic triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. It is considered a variant of Guillain‐Barré syndrome. There are few cases or series of cases described in the literature on MFS and its behavior in pediatrics. Therefore, almost all clinical and laboratory findings have been described in adults, but in pediatrics, there is still uncertainty. This can lead to difficulties in the diagnosis of MFS in these patients. MFS should always be suspected in the context of acute diplopia or oculomotor paralysis in pediatrics, especially if it is bilateral; despite that its bilateral character seems to be less than in adults. Fortunately, even in these patients, it maintains its self‐limited behavior, so a full recovery is expected.Mane S, (2020) Miller Fisher in a Child. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences.
The effects of visible and blue light exposure on growth and melanogenesis of ocular melanoma cell lines
Authors: Wu Chieh‐Lin (Stanley) , Zhu Ling , Chen Yingying , Conway R. Max , Madigan Michele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeCumulative ultraviolet (UV) exposure is important in skin and conjunctival melanomas and melanogenesis. UV light does not reach the inner posterior eye, but visible light radiates the retina, underlying retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and the choroid. The effects of visible light on the choroidal microenvironment and potential roles in choroidal melanoma progression are unknown. We examined human ocular melanoma cells for responses to white or blue light exposure, specifically, cell viability and cytotoxicity, and melanin production.MethodsOcular melanoma cells were grown in RPMI/L‐glutamine/sodium pyruvate (Choroidal: MP38 and MP46 (RPMI + 20% FBS), 92.1 (RPMI + 10% FBS); conjunctival: CM2005.1 (RPMI + 10% FBS)). Cells were grown in 96 well black plates (8000/well; n = 5 per cell line; triplicate) for 18 hrs, then fresh medium (1% FBS) for 16 hr. Cells were exposed to: (1) white light (λ: 400–700 nm), 32,000 lux (direct sunlight) for 4 hr (short‐term), or 4 hr/day × 4 days (16 hr, cumulative); or (2) blue light (λ: 460 nm): 3100 lux for 4 hr (short‐term) or 16 hr/day X 2 days (32 hrs, cumulative). Unexposed control cells were grown in parallel. Viability and cytotoxicity of light‐exposed and control cells were measured with alamarBlue and LDH assays, respectively. Intracellular melanin was assessed after cumulative white or blue light exposure.ResultsShort‐term and cumulative white light reduced viability (alamarBlue) by 5–15% (92.1, MP46 and CM2005.1 cells, but not MP38) and 10–25% (92.1, MP38, MP46 and CM2005.1 cells), respectively. Short‐term blue light did not affect viability of any cell lines; cumulative blue light exposure reduced viability by 10% in MP38 cells only. No significant change in cell cytotoxicity (LDH) or intracellular melanins was noted after white or blue light exposure for any cell lines.ConclusionsMelanoma cells showed no light‐induced cytotoxicity (measured by LDH leak), although viability (measured by alamarBlue) was reduced after cumulative light exposure, suggesting reduced cell numbers rather than cell death. Although melanoma cell lines showed variable intracellular melanins, levels were unchanged with light exposure, despite cells expressing melanogenesis‐related proteins.
Our experience in the use of modern computer technology with the manufacture of navigation templates for surgical decompression of the orbit in patients with endocrine orbitopathy
Authors: Petrenko Oksana , Kopchak Andriy , Rykov Sergiy , Chepurnyi Yurii , Prusak Olha , Slobodianiuk Alina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeOptimization of bone orbit decompression in patients with endocrine orbitopathy using Computer‐Aided Design (CAD) / Computer‐Aided Manufacturing (CAM) technologies with the manufacture of navigation templates.MethodsTo achieve this goal, the results of bone decompression of the orbit in 12 patients were analyzed. Each patient underwent a standard ophthalmological examination and assessment of binocular vision. Before and after surgery, patients underwent multislice computed tomography, the size of the exophthalmos was performed by the method of Ramli et al., 2015. With the help of CAD / CAM technologies, resection surgical templates were made for bone decompression of the orbit.ResultsThe study included 12 patients (24 orbits) – 7 (58.3%) women and 5 (41.7%) men. All patients underwent combined bilateral orbital decompression. The average value of exophthalmos before surgery was 24.6 ± 3.5 mm on the left and 23.6 ± 2.9 mm on the right, and after surgery 21.4 ± 2.8 mm and 21.1 ± 2.9 mm, respectively, indicating a significant improvement in eye position (p > 0.05).In 2 patients (16.6%) diplopia was observed, in one patient (8.3%) ‐ hypoesthesia of the second branch of the trigeminal nerve in the early postoperative period. Late postoperative complications (follow‐up 3 months) were not observed.ConclusionsSurgical decompression of the orbit using navigation templates can significantly reduce the degree of exophthalmos by an average of 3.2 mm, while reducing the area of bone resection, which reduces the risk of postoperative complications due to damage to the oculomotor muscles and the hyoid nerve. An individualized approach using CAD/CAM technologies is necessary to achieve optimal treatment results in patients with endocrine orbitopathy.