bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for the Characterization of Karst Springs (case study: Lorestan province, Zagros Mountain, Iran)
Authors: Geravand Fatemeh , Hosseini Seiyed Mossa , Maghsoudi Mehran , Yamani Mojtaba 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Karst groundwater resources in the Zagros Mountains are vital for supplying of different demands in the region which need to sustainable management and protection. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of karst aquifers in this region were understudied due to lack of site-specific logging-data and speleological investigations. In this study, a state-of-the-art of the statistical methods developed to characterize karst aquifer based on analyses of the spring recession hydrograph and spring water quality are presented. These methods including Manging’s method for classification of karst aquifers, relationships of precipitation and discharge data, groundwater quality index (GQI), hydrochemical diagrams (Piper, Durov and Gibbs), and Saturation index (SI), Chloro-Alkaline indices (CAI). 42 major karst springs mainly located in folded part of Zagros region (western Iran) are selected for application of the reviewed methods. Results indicated that the saturated zone exerts almost main control over the discharge of 76% of the studied springs. The base-flow contributes as between 80.0% to 100% of total water storage in the study aquifers. 78.5% of the studied aquifers have a high karstification degree. An insignificant lag-time is observed between the precipitation on the karst basin and spring discharge. The hydrochemical diagrams show that the waters are dominated by HCO3 and Ca and the majority of the waters are alkaline, with originate from silicate minerals weathering. Such repeatable methods adopted in this study can provide crucial information of the karst aquifers, especially those suffer scarcity of aquifer hydrodynamic data.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Serum Tumor Markers in Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Suipeng , Kuang Mengjiao , Wang ShiShi , Huang Shirui , Li Jizhen , Zhou Teng , Wang Huiyan , Cai Yue , Yang Wei , Xie Qipeng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Tumor markers CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag were routinely used for lung cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of these markers.Methods: The levels of 5 serum tumor markers were measured in 255 patients with lung cancer (44 squamous cell carcinoma, 183 adenocarcinoma, 28 small cell lung cancer), 103 patients with benign lung disease, and 120 healthy controls. The relevant clinical data of the patients were collected to analyze the expression of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag in the serum of lung cancer and their correlation with prognosis.Results: The positive rates and expression levels of CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag in the lung cancer group were higher than those in patients with benign lung diseases and healthy controls. CYFRA21-1 and SCC-Ag were highly expressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and NSE and proGRP were highly expressed in small cell lung cancer. The expression levels of CYFRA 21-1, NSE, and proGRP in small cell lung cancer were higher than those in non-small cell lung cancer. The levels of CEA, CYFARA21-1, NSE, and proGRP were linearly correlated with the occurrence of lung cancer, while the level of SCC-Ag was not significantly correlated with the occurrence of lung cancer. What’s more, the levels of CYFAR21-1 and NSE in the death group of lung cancer patients were higher than those in the survival group.Conclusion: CEA, CYFRA21-1, NSE, proGRP, and SCC-Ag played a good role in diagnosing lung cancer. CYFRA21-1 and SCC-Ag can be used as markers for the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, and NSE and proGRP can be used as markers for small cell lung cancer. Meanwhile, the combined detection of CEA, CYFARA21-1, NSE, and proGRP had the highest diagnostic accuracy for lung cancer. Furthermore, CYFAR21-1 and NSE can be used to evaluate the prognosis of lung cancer patients.
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Ameliorates Lipid Metabolic Abnormalities in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang Pengrui , Jiao Shouhai , Sun Li , Sun Helin , Wang Cunzhi , Sun Hengyi , Zhang Zhongwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were often accompanied with dislipidemia. Gynostemma pentaphyllum can ameliorate insulin resistance and reduce the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, we used the network pharmacologic strategies to evaluate potential therapeutic effects and protective mechanisms of gynostemma pentaphyllum on diabetic kidney disease. Methods: Gynostemma pentaphyllum's potential targets were predicted using the TCMSP databases. The pathogenic factors involved in DKD and dislipidemia were screened by the OMIM and Gene Cards databases. The common targets of gynostemma pentaphyllum, DKD and dislipidemia were used to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to explore the potential molecular pathways. Results: The key targets for the therapeutic effects of gynostemma pentaphyllum included IL-6, AKT1, VEGFA, PTGS2, CCL2 and CASP3. Enrichment analysis showed that the underlying mechanism were mainly the involved in inhibition of inflammatory response, negative regulation of apoptotic process and angiogenesis. TNF, PI3K-Akt, and HIF-1 signaling pathways were considered as the key pathways. Conclusion: Gynostemma pentaphyllum played a therapeutic role in DKD complicated with dislipidemia, mainly through influencing inflammation response, apoptosis and angiogenesis.
Association of Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration-to-delivery Interval With Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Respiratory Support in Preterm Infants
Authors: Li Lixia , Li Haijing , Jiang Yejun , Yu Beimeng , Wang Xiuren , Zhang Wujiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Administration of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) is an effective strategy for the management of preterm infants, which can improve neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) and attenuate the risk of neonatal mortality. However, many preterm infants do not expose to a complete course of ACS administration, and the effects of different ACS-to-delivery intervals on NRDS and respiratory support remain unclear.we explore the relationships of ACS administration-to-birth intervals with NRDS and respiratory support in preterm infants in this study.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the preterm infants born between 240/7 and 316/7 wk of gestation were recruited from Jan 2015 to Jul 2021. All participants were categorized based on the time interval from the first ACS dose to delivery: <24 h, 1-2 d, 2-7 d, and more >7 d. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between ACS-to-birth interval and primary or secondary outcome, while adjusting for potential confounders.Results: Of the 706 eligible neonates, 264, 83, 292 and 67 received ACS-to-delivery intervals of <24 h, 1-2 d, 2-7 d and >7 d, respectively. After adjusting these confounding factors, multivariable logistic analysis showed a significant increased risk of NRDS (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.7), neonatal mortality (aOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-6.8), the need for surfactant use (aOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.7-4.4), endotracheal intubation in delivery room (aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.7), mechanical ventilation (aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.4) in the ACS-to-delivery interval of <24 h group when compared with the ACS-to-birth interval of 2-7 d group. Similar findings were observed in the subgroup analysis of the ACS interval of <6 h and 6-12 h groups (incidence of death and surfactant use), but no obvious differences were found in the ACS intervals of 12-24 h, 1-2 d and >7 d groups compared with the ACS-to-birth interval of 2-7 d group.Conclusions: Neonatal outcomes such as NRDS, neonatal mortality, the need for surfactant use, intubation in delivery room, mechanical ventilation are at a higher risk when the neonates exposed to ACS interval for less than 12 h before delivery.
Mouse CHD4-NURD is Required for Neonatal Spermatogonia Survival and Normal Gonad Development.
Authors: de Castro Rodrigo Orlandini , Previato Luciana , Carbajal Agustin , Goitea Victor , Griffin Courtney T. , Pezza Roberto J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Testis development and sustained germ cell production in adults rely on the establishment and maintenance of spermatogonia stem cells and their proper differentiation into spermatocytes. Chromatin remodeling complexes regulate critical processes during gamete development by restricting or promoting accessibility of DNA repair and gene expression machineries to the chromatin. Here, we investigated the role of CHD4 and CHD3 catalytic subunits of the NURD complex during spermatogenesis. Germ cell-specific deletion of Chd4 early in gametogenesis, but not Chd3, resulted in arrested early gamete development due to failed cell survival of neonate undifferentiated spermatogonia stem cell population. Candidate assessment revealed that CHD4 controls expression of Dmrt1 and its downstream target Plzf, both described as prominent regulators of spermatogonia stem cell maintenance. Our results show the requirement of CHD4 in mammalian gametogenesis pointing to functions in gene expression early in the process.
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiles in Plasma Cell-free DNA Reflect Molecular Characteristics of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Chu Jin-Lin , Bi Shu-Hong , He Yao , Ma Rui-Yao , Wan Xing-Yu , Wang Zi-Hao , Zhang Lei , Zheng Meng-Zhu , Yang Zhan-Qun , Du Ling-Wei , Maimaiti Yiminiguli , Biekedawulaiti Gulinazi , Duolikun Maimaitiyasen , Chen Hang-yu , Chen Long , Li Lin-Lin , Tie Lu , Lin Jian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) are the leading cause of DM-related disability and mortality. Notably, diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the main complications of DM, has become a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. A clinically convenient, non-invasive approach for monitoring the development of DKD would benefit the overall life quality of patients with DM and contribute to lower medical burdens through promoting preventive interventions.Methods: We utilized 5hmC-Seal to profile genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Candidate genes were identified by intersecting the differentially modified 5hmC marker genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GEO datasets GSE30528 and GSE30529. Cytoscape software was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identify the hub genes.Results: The final gene panel of 9 hub genes, including (CTNNB1, PTEN, MYD88, ITGAM, CD28, ITGB2, VCAM1, CXCR4, CD44) were confirmed. Further analysis indicated that this 9-gene signature showed a good capacity to distinguish between DKD and DM. Conclusions: The 5hmC-Seal assay was successfully applied to the cfDNA samples from a cohort of DM patients with or without DKD. Altered 5hmC signatures in plasma cfDNA indicate that 5hmC-Seal has the potential to be a non-invasive epigenetic tool for monitoring the development of DKD and be a part of diabetic care.
Future Property Risk Estimation For Wildfire In Louisiana, USA
Authors: Mostafiz Rubayet Bin , Friedland Carol J. , Rohli Robert V. , Bushra Nazla 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Wildfire is an important but understudied natural hazard. As with other natural hazards, wildfire research is all too often conducted at too broad a spatial scale to identify local or regional patterns. This study addresses these gaps by examining the current and future wildfire property risk at the census-block level in Louisiana, a U.S. state with relatively dense population and substantial vulnerability to loss from this hazard, despite its wet climate. Here wildfire risk is defined as the product of exposure and vulnerability to the hazard, where exposure is a function of the historical and anticipated future wildfire frequency and extent, and the latter is a function of population, structure and content property value, damage probability, and percent of property damaged. Results: Historical (1992−2015) average annual statewide property loss due to wildfire was $5,556,389 (2010$), with the greatest risk to wildfire in southwestern inland, east-central, extreme northwestern, and coastal southwestern Louisiana. Based on existing climate and environmental model output, this research projects that wildfire will increase by 25 percent by 2050 in Louisiana from current values. When combined with projections of population and property value, it is determined that the geographic distribution of risk by 2050 will remain similar to that today – with highest risk in southwestern inland Louisiana and east-central Louisiana. However, the magnitude of risk will increase across the state, especially in those areas. Projected annual loss will be $11,167,496 by 2050 (2010$) due to population growth, intensification of development at the wildland-urban interface, and climate change. The wildfire-induced property damage is notable because it is projected to increase by 101 percent. These values do not include crop, forestry, or indirect losses (e.g., cost of evacuation and missed time at work), which are likely to be substantial. Conclusions: The results suggest that increased efforts are needed to contain wildfires, to reduce the future risk. Otherwise, wildfire managers, environmental planners, actuaries, community leaders, and individual property owners in Louisiana will need to anticipate and budget for additional efforts to mitigate the economic (and presumably other) impacts associated with a substantial and increasing hazard that often goes underestimated.
Efficiency of Nicotinamide-based Supportive Therapy in Lymphopenia for Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hu Qiang , Zhang Quan-Yu , Peng Cheng-Fei , Ma Zhuang , Han Ya-Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy in lymphopenia for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Methods: 24 patients diagnosed with the COVID-19 were randomly divided into two groups (n=12) during hospitalization in the ratio of 1:1. Based on the conventional treatment, the treatment group was given 100mg nicotinamide, five times a day. The control group only received routine treatments. The primary endpoint was the change in absolute lymphocyte counts. The secondary endpoints included both the in-hospital death and the composite endpoint of aggravation, according to upgraded oxygen therapy, improvement of nursing level, and ward rounds of superior physicians for changes of conditions. Results: The full blood counts before and after receiving the nicotinamide were comparable in each group (all P>0.05). Before and after receiving the nicotinamide, mean absolute lymphocyte counts were similar between the two groups ([0.94±0.26]*109/L versus [0.89±0.19]*109/L, P=0.565; [1.15±0.48]*109/L versus [1.02±0.28]*109/L, P=0.445, respectively). Therefore, there was no statistically significant difference in the lymphocyte improvement rate between the two groups (23.08±46.10 versus 16.52±24.10, P=0.67). There was also no statistically significant difference for the secondary endpoints between the two groups.Conclusion: Among patients with COVID-19, there was no statistically significant difference in change of full blood counts and the absolute lymphocyte counts before and after intervention in both groups. Therefore, no new evidence was found for the effect of niacinamide on lymphopenia in patients with COVID-19.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04910230. Registered 1 June 2021-retrospectively registered.
Investigation of the Anisotropic Structure of Travertine in Terms of Geological and Physico-Mechanical Properties: Sarıhıdır (Avanos-Nevşehir) Travertine Quarry
Authors: Kolay Ersin , Karakoç Gökhan , Temiz Uğur 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Travertine is a sedimentary rock with generally layered structure, mainly comprising carbonate. They are used for different purposes in interior and exterior spaces by cutting parallel or perpendicular to the bedding according to use. Travertine may contain several facies linked to variations in conditions during formation. With these features, travertine is one of the rocks with anisotropy most commonly observed. In this study, the anisotropic structure due to facies and layering in travertine was investigated considering geological and engineering properties. The Sarıhıdır travertine quarry face was divided into four different zones with different features. Chemical, mineralogic, physical, index and mechanical properties of the samples taken from these zones were determined. During determination of engineering parameters, samples were prepared parallel and perpendicular to bedding. The source of the travertine is a mixture of limestone, dolomite, evaporite and ultramafic rocks and they have epigean character, though they were affected by the hypogean environment. It appeared there were textural differences between the zones, rather than differences in chemical and mineralogic composition. When travertine was cut parallel to layering, all zones were suitable for decoration and facing. Only T-4 zone samples cut parallel were useable for flooring and load-bearing elements. In terms of compression and abrasion resistance, T-4 zone was better than the other zones. The cut direction of the travertine samples is an important factor for physical and mechanical behavior. Samples cut parallel to layering were observed to provide better results. According to the results, it is recommended to use products from the same travertine zone side-by-side in structures and to consider the cutting direction for long life of the building and to prevent economic losses.
Development of Artificial Intelligence Climate Chamber and Experimental Study on Crop Phenotype Acquisition
Authors: Ren Anhua , Jiang Dong , Kang Min , Wu Jie , Xiao Fangcheng , Hou Pei , Fu Xiuqing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The deficiencies of traditional artificial climate chambers in phenotypic collection and analysis were improved to achieve the high-throughput acquisition of crop phenotypes during the growth period. This paper has developed an artificial intelligence climate cabin with functions of crop cultivation management and phenotype acquisition during the whole growth period. This research also established an environmental control system, a crop phenotype monitoring system and a crop phenotype acquisition system with environmental parameter adjustment and crop image collection. Phenotypic feature extraction and other functions were carried out in the cultivation experiment, and phenotype acquisition of wheat was performed under different nitrogen fertiliser application rates. Comparison and analyses were performed by the systematic and manual measurement values of crop phenotype characteristics, and the acquisition of wheat table was evaluated based on artificial intelligence climate cabin. The goodness of fit of the model was used to classify data.Results: During the different growth periods of wheat, the correlation analysis between the systematic and manual measurement values of its leaf area, plant height and canopy temperature showed that the obtained correlation coefficient r was greater than 1, and the fitting determination coefficient R2 was greater than 0.7156, with errors. The coefficient root mean square error was less than 2.42, indicating that the two were positively correlated, and their correlation was excellent. Conclusion: The results verified the feasibility and applicability of the artificial intelligence climate cabin to study the phenotypic characteristics of crops.
Sirtuin 1 Protects the Mitochondria in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Suppressing Hypoxia-induced Factor-1 Alpha Expression
Authors: Zhou Zun-Qiang , Guan Jiao , Chen Shi-Geng , Sun Jian-Hua , Zhang Zheng-Yun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: We hypothesized that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) might attenuate the Warburg effect in tumor cells by modulating hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression. This study aimed to explore the role and the underlying mechanism of SIRT1 in protecting the mitochondrial functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were conducted to determine gene expression in HCC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase reporter assays were performed to examine DNA-protein interactions. Colony formation and MTT assays were carried out to explore the role of SIRT1 in HCC cell proliferation in vitro. PLC5 and Huh7 tumor xenografts were generated in mice to investigate the role of SIRT1–HIF-1α signaling in HCC development in vivo. Results: In different HCC cell lines, overexpression of SIRT1 promoted oxidative phosphorylation-associated gene expressions, ATP production, cell proliferation, and apoptotic protein expression while attenuating VEGF expression. In mice, overexpression of SIRT1 resulted in significant reductions in the weights of PLC5 and Huh7 tumor xenografts. Knockdown of SIRT1 exhibited opposite effects. Mechanistically, overexpression of SIRT1 promoted HIF-1α deacetylation, VHL-mediated HIF-1α degradation, and AMPK expression. Furthermore, SIRT1 interfered with the HIF-1α–c-Myc interaction to stimulate the transcription of a mitochondrial biogenesis enhancer mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Overexpression of HIF-1α completely reversed the effects of SIRT1.Conclusions: SIRT1 protects the mitochondria of HCC cells via suppressing HIF-1α expression, suggesting that SIRT1 may exert antitumor activity in HCC by reducing the Warburg effect.
Climate Zoning Under Climate Change Scenarios In The Basin Of Lake Urmia And Vicinity Basins
Authors: Jani Rasoul , Khatibi Rahman , Sadeghfam Sina , Zarrinbal Elnaz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A study of climate change scenarios is presented in this paper by projecting a set of recorded precipitation data into three future periods by statistical downscaling methods by employing LARS-WG using data from 7 synoptic stations. The study area covers the basin of Lake Urmia and its overlaps with two of its surrounding basins flowing to the Caspian Sea. The modelling is at two stages: Downscaling comprises: (i) use large-scale GCM models to provide climate variables (predictors); and (ii) downscale them to the local climatic variables for correlating with the observed timeseries (e.g. rainfall) for the period of T0: 1961-2001 - 40 years; Projecting comprises the derivation of precipitation values during the time periods of ; T1: 2011-2030), T2: 2046-2065 and T3: 2080-2099 at synoptic stations using three of standard scenarios: A1B, A2 and B1. These values are then used to map the climate zoning, which show: (i) climates at T1 are still similar to T0 and if any difference, precipitation increases; but changes are likely at T2 and T3 periods; (ii) the climate is moving toward a peakier regime at the northern region but drier towards the central region; and (iii) precipitation is likely to decrease in some of the zones. Thus, the results underpin the need for more responsive policymaking and should this not be realised in the next 5 to 10 years, the future seems bleak, as the loss of Lake Urmia and the depletion of aquifers are likely to be permanent, inflicting immigration from the region.