bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workshop Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah Aspek Pembelajaran Bagi Guru SD Se-Kecamatan Tualang Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Silvia Silvia Permatasari , Auzar Auzar , Mustafa M. Nur , Sinaga Mangatur , Burhanuddin Dudung , Zulhafizh Zulhafizh 
Published: December 2022

Kemampuan profesional yang harus dimiliki guru adalah mampu menulis artikel terkhusus dalam hal pembelajaran. Guru masih mengalami kesulitan dalam mengatasi permasalahan di kelas. Selain itu, guru juga masih kurang memiliki pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan keterampilan dalam menulis artikel khususnya artikel pembelajaran. Hal ini menjadikan guru memiliki minat yang kurang dalam menulis artikel ilmiah khususnya aspek pembelajaran. Tujuan kegiatan ini selain untuk memperolah angka kredit untuk kenaikan jabatan tetapi juga untuk keperluan akreditasi tetapi yang lebih utama adalah untuk peningkatan profesionalisme guru. Tulisan ilmiah yang berisi hasil penelitian, hasil pengkajian, hasil pemikiran, dan karya guru lainnya sangat potensial sebagai wahana komunikasi bagi lingkungan dunia pendidikan. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, tanya jawab, diskusi, dan layanan bimbingan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa guru peserta pelatihan memiliki tambahan pengetahuan serta pemahaman mengenai menulis artikel ilmiah aspek pembelajaran serta keterampilan menulis artikel ilmiah aspek pembelajaran, Melalui kegiatan ini guru menghasilkan produk artikel ilmiah aspek pembelajaran yang layak diterbitkan di jurnal ilmiah.
Pemberdayaan Ibu Rumah Tangga Kelurahan Air Putih Melalui Pembuatan Eco-Enzyme dari Sampah Organik sebagai Sabun Cair
Authors: Deviona Deviona , Chairul Chairul , Armaini Armaini , Yusnimar Yusnimar , Arofi Habib , Putri Alivia Hardana , Tasman Annaya Qamara , Darliansyah Danny , Indriana Hanifah , Sayyidhani Muhammad Hisna , Hasibuan Muhammad Ilham Febrian Mahodum , Apriliani Prapita , Emelda Retta , Wulandari Siti Rahmi Indri 
Published: December 2022

Kurangnya edukasi dalam pengelolaan sampah menyebabkan sebagian besar jumlah sampah hanya menjadi timbunan di Tempat Pembungan Akhir (TPA). Sampah organik merupakan jenis sampah terbanyak yang dibuang di TPA. Jika sampah organik tidak dikelola dengan baik maka dapat menimbulkan bau tidak sedap di lingkungan serta menjadi faktor risiko terjadinya pemanasan global dan ledakan di TPA. Hingga saat ini pengelolaan sampah baik sampah organik maupun sampah anorganik masih menjadi tantangan. Hal ini juga terjadi di RW 02 Kelurahan Air Putih. Masyarakat langsung membuang sampah rumah tangga tanpa memilah sampah berdasarkan jenisnya. Selain itu masyarakat juga belum mengetahui cara mengolah sampah organik menjadi barang yang bermanfaat seperti eco-enzyme beserta produk hasil olahan eco-enzyme yaitu cairan pembersih. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang cara pengolah sampah organik rumah tangga menjadi eco-enzyme dan sabun cair berbahan eco-enzyme. Sasaran dalam kegiatan ini adalah ibu rumah tangga di lingkungan RT 06, RT 07, dan RT 08, RW 02 Kelurahan Air Putih. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini ialah sosialisasi dan pelatihan cara membuat eco-enzyme dan sabun cair serbaguna. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam mengolah sampah organik menjadi eco-enzyme dan sabun cair serbaguna. Masyarakat juga antusias dan tertarik untuk membuat kembali produk tersebut di rumah masing-masing.
Evaluation of Open Tomato Cultivars for Adaptation and Yield Attributes in Central Mid-hills of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Surendra Lal 
Published: December 2022

Tomato seedlings of nine tomato cultivars with Pusa Ruby as check were transplanted on March first to second week,2018 and 2019 at Khumaltar. Crop geometry was maintained with the 60X60 cm in three replications and fertilized with 150:120:100 NPK kg + 20-ton FYM per hectare. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and select high yielding, insect pest and disease tolerant cultivars with preferred characters at open field conditions for central mid-hills. The observation was recorded on vegetative, insect pest and disease, yield attributing parametersand response of consumers & farmers. Among the tested cultivars,HRD109showed superior performance onseptoria leafspottolerant (3.5), early days to flowering (21.8), higher number of fruits per plant (121), yield (58.80 t/ha) and 2289 gm per plant, consumers (4.5) and farmers preferred(4.1), and small fruit size (32.6 g). The next superior cultivar wasHRD7 which has late blight (4.1), days to flowering (22), the higher number of fruits per cluster (7.4) and per plant (119), superior yield (54.00 t/ha) and 2158 gm per plant, consumers (4.1) and farmers preferred (4.3), small fruit size (30.3 g). These two cultivars are recommended for cultivation in the central mid-hills of Bagmati Pradesh underopen field conditions.
डायरीमा रामप्रसाद राई उपन्यासमा समाजवादी यथार्थवाद {Socialist Realism in the Novel Ram Prasad Rai in Diary}
Authors: सुवेदी Subedi धनप्रसाद Dhan Prasad 
Published: December 2022

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गणेश अधिकारीद्वारा लिखित ‘डायरीमा रामप्रसाद राई’ (२०७७) उपन्यासमा केन्द्रित छ । यहाँ ‘डायरीमा रामप्रसाद राई’ उपन्यासलाई समाजवादी यथार्थवादका कसीमा अध्ययन तथा विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । समाजवादी यथार्थवादका विभिन्न मान्यता मध्ये गतिशील यथार्थको चित्रण, वर्गसङ्घर्ष र वर्गीय पक्षधरतालाई आधार मानी उक्त उपन्यासको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत उपन्यास राणाविरोधी आन्दोलनका योद्धा रामप्रसाद राईको जीवनीमा आधारित छ । योद्धा रामप्रसाद राईको जीवनका मुख्यमुख्य घटनाको चित्रण गरिएको यस उपन्यासमा वि.सं. २००७ को राणाविरोधी आन्दोलनमा माझकिरात क्षेत्रका योद्धाले गरेको सङ्घर्षका साथै नेपालमा रहेको वर्गीय तथा जातीय विभेद, शोषण, वैदेशिक हस्तक्षेप आदिको चित्रण गरिएको छ । राणाविरोधी आन्दोलनका पृष्ठभूमिमाभएको दिल्ली सम्झौताप्रति रामप्रसाद राईहरूको विरोध देखिएपछि अन्ततः रामप्रसाद राई बेपत्ताभएको घटनाका पृष्ठभूमिमा उपन्यास केन्द्रित रहेको छ । गतिशील यथार्थ, उत्पीडित र उत्पीडककाबिचमा रहेको सङ्घर्षको चित्रणमा केन्द्रित रही सबै प्रकारका उत्पीडन अन्त्यको चाहना व्यक्तगरिएको हुँदा प्रस्तुत उपन्यास समाजवादी यथार्थवादी मान्यतामा आधारित रहेको निचोड यस अध्ययनबाट निकालिएको छ ।
{This research article revolves round the novel Ram Prasad Rai in Diary (2077v.s.)penned by Ganesh Adhikari. In this article, the novel has been examined throughthe perspective of socialist realism. Among various components of socialistrealism, the novel Ram Prasad Rai in Diary, in this article, has been analyzedapplying the tools of changeable reality, class struggle and class favoritism. Thenovel is based on the biography of Ram Prasad Rai who was a freedom fighterinvolved in the anti- Ranacracy movement. Resultantly, the novel does projectmajor events in the life of Ram Prasad Rai, the anti-Ranacracy movement of 2050launched by the revolutionaries in the majh kirat region, different forms ofdiscrimination based on such as caste and class prevalent in Nepalese society,exploitation and foreign intervention. The novel concentrates on the opposingstand of Ram Prasad Rai and his companies on the Delhi Agreement on thebackground of anti- Ranacracy movement and ultimately the disappearance ofRam Prasad Rai. Eventually, this study concludes that the novel leans on theprinciple of socialistic realism as it highlights progressive reality, conflict betweenthe oppressor and the oppressed, and it wishes the extermination of all types ofoppression.}
खगेन्द्र सङ्ग्रौलाका कथामा प्रतिरोधी चेतना [Resistance Consciousness in the story of Khagendra Sangraula}
Authors: राई Rai यशोदा Yashodha 
Published: December 2022

प्रस्तुत लेख सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन अन्तर्गत विकसित सीमान्तीयताको सैद्धान्तिक मान्यतामा केन्द्रित रही खगेन्द्र सङ्ग्रौलाद्वारा लिखित कथाका प्रमुख प्रवृत्तिको अध्ययनमा आधारित छ । सङ्ग्रौलाका कथामा सीमान्तकृत वर्गप्रति प्रभुत्वशाली वर्गको शोषण र उत्पीडन कुन रूपमा अभिव्यक्त भएको पाइन्छ र त्यसले सीमान्तकृत वर्गमा विकसित प्रतिरोधी चेतनालाई कसरी प्रकट गरेको छ भन्ने जिज्ञासाको समाधान गर्नु यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यसका लागि सांस्कृतिक अध्ययन अन्तर्गत आन्तोनियो ग्राम्सीद्वारा प्रवर्तित सबाल्टर्नको धारणाबाट विकसित सीमान्तीयता सम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक मान्यतालाई पाठ विश्लेषणको मुख्य विधिका रूपमा अँगालिएको छ । आधारभूत र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट सामग्री लिई निर्धारित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा अध्ययन र विश्लेषण गरिसक्दा यस लेखमा खगेन्द्र सङ्ग्रौलाका कथाले सामन्तवादी नेपाली समाजमा वर्गीय, जातीय र लैङ्गिक आधारमा सीमान्तकृत समुदायप्रति भएका उत्पीडनलाई सघन रूपमा उठाएका छन् र ती लक्षित वर्गहरूमाथि व्यापक सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक धरातलमा भएका त्यस प्रकारका उत्पीडनका विरुद्ध पात्रहरूद्वारा व्यक्त भएका सशक्त स्तरका प्रतिरोधी चेतनालाई महत्वका साथ सूक्ष्म रूपमा प्रदर्शित गर्दै प्रभावशाली ढङ्गले प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
{The presented article is based on a study one of the major trends in the story written by Khagendra Sangraula, focusing on the theoretical recognition of marginality developed under cultural studies. The main objective of this article isto solve the question of how the exploitation and oppression of the dominant class towards the marginalized class are expressed in Shangri-La's story and how it has revealed the development of resistance consciousness developed in the marginalized class. For this, the theoretical concept of marginality developed from the concept of subaltern promoted by Antonio Gramsci under cultural studies is embraced as the main method of text analysis. After studying and analyzing based on the principles adopted by taking research materials from primary and secondary sources, in this article, Khagendra Sangraula's story has intensively raised the oppression of marginalized communities based on class, ethnicity, and gender in the feudal Nepali society and against the oppression of those target groups that happened on a wide social and cultural level. It is concluded that the strong level of resistance consciousness expressed by the characters has been presented impressively, showing the importance and subtly.}
छाउपडी उपन्यासमा लैङ्गिकता {Gender in Chhaupadi Novel}
Authors: पौड्याल Poudyal शालिकराम Shalikram 
Published: December 2022

प्रस्तुत लेखमा कविता पौडेलद्वारा रचित छाउपडी उपन्यासको लैङ्गिकताको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । समाजद्वारा लिङ्गका आधारमा नारी र पुरुषबिच गरिने सामाजिक, आर्थिक, धार्मिक, सांस्कृतिक आदि विभेदलाई लैङ्गिकता भनिन्छ । छाउपडी उपन्यासमा के कस्तो लैङ्गिकताको अवस्था रहेको छ भन्ने मूल समस्यामा केन्द्रित रही उपन्यासको लैङ्गिकताको अध्यययन गर्नु यस लेखको उद्देश्य हो । लैङ्गिकताको परिचय दिई लैङ्गिक समालोचनाले कृति विश्लेषणका लागि अगाडि सारेका पितृसत्ता, शरीर, लैङ्गिक विभेद, लैङ्गिक सशक्तीकरण जस्ता उपकरणको प्रयोग गरी उपन्यासको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस उपन्यासमा नेपाली समाजमा कायम रहेका सामाजिक शासन व्यवस्थाका कारण नारीमाथि हुने गरेका दमन तथा हिंसाका विरुद्धमा नारीहरूले सशक्त रूपमा आवाज उठाउन तथा प्रतिकार गर्न थालेको अवस्थालाई उपन्यासमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । नारीको शरीरमाथि आफ्नो अधिकार जमाउन प्रयास गर्ने, दमन र शोषण गरेर महिलालाई आफ्नो अधीनस्त बनाउन चाहने पुरुष प्रवृत्तिको विरोध उपन्यासले गरेको छ । यसमा लैङ्गिक रूपमा उत्पीडित भई सीमान्तीकृत बन्न पुगेका नारी पात्रको प्रतिनिधित्व गराइएको छ । नेपाली समाज पितृसत्तात्मक सामाजिक संरचनामा आधारित भएकाले सुरुमा नारीको पहिचान कमजोर भए पनि अन्त्यमा उत्पीडित महिलाले उत्पीडनका विरुद्ध प्रतिरोध गरेको देखाएर सीमान्तीकृत नारी समुदाय शक्तिशाली भएको निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।
{In the present article, the gender of chhaupadi novel written by Kabita Poudel has been studied. Gender is the social, economic, religious, cultural, etc. discrimination between men and women on the basis of gender by society. The purpose of this article is to study the gender of the novel by focusing on the main problem of what kind of gender is present in chhaupadi novel. The novel has been analyzed using tools such as patriarchy, body, gender discrimination, gender empowerment by gender criticism for the analysis of gender. In this novel, women have started to raise their voice and retaliate against the oppression and violence Against women due to the social governance system prevailing in Nepali society. The novel opposes the male tendency to try to gain control over women's bodies, Oppress and exploit them. It represents female characters that have been marginalized by being gender-oppressed. Since Nepali society is based on patriarchal social structures, the identity of women was weakened in the Beginning, but in the end, the marginalized women's community is powerful by Showing that oppressed women have resisted oppression.}
पौरस्त्य वाङ्मयमा न्यायदर्शनको महत्व एबं लोकोपयोगिता {The Importance and Utility of Nyaya Darshan in Eastern Literature}
Authors: आचार्य Acharya पुरुषोत्तम Purushottam 
Published: December 2022

प्रस्तुत आलेख पौरस्त्य वाङ्मयमा न्याय दर्शनको महत्व एवं लोकोपयोगितामा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । समग्र पौरस्त्य वाङ्मयमा न्याय दर्शनको स्थान र यसको लोकोपयोगिताको खोजी गर्ने उद्देश्यले यो आलेख तयार पारिएको हो । यसमा सङ्कलित सामग्रीहरूबाट प्राप्त तथ्यको विश्लेषण र लोकोपयोगिता प्रस्तुत गर्ने क्रममा कतै आफ्ना विचारलाई पनि आधार मानी विषयवस्तुको प्रस्तुति दिइएको छ । विषयवस्तुको प्रारम्भ दर्शनशास्त्रको प्रवृत्तिबाट गरिएको छ । आध्यात्मिक, आधिभौतिक र आधिदैविक गरी तीन प्रकारका दुःखबाट मानव विक्षिप्त रहेको र त्यस्तो दुःखमय संसारबाट आत्यन्तिक निवृत्तिका लागि दर्शनशास्त्रको प्रवृत्ति भएको हो भन्ने कुरा यसमा आएका छन् । वास्तविक तत्वको ज्ञान जसबाट हुन्छ, त्यो दर्शन हो । न्याय दर्शनको विश्लेषण गर्ने क्रममा सर्वप्रथम न्यायको परिभाषा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । प्रत्यक्ष, अनुमान आदि प्रमाणहरूद्वारा प्रमेय (पदार्थ) को परीक्षण गरी वस्तुस्थिति पत्ता लगाउनु न्याय हो । न्याय दर्शनलाई प्रमाणशास्त्र पनि भनिन्छ । पौरस्त्य वाङ्मयमा न्याय दर्शनलाई कसरी प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ र यसको लोकोपयोगिता कसरी सिद्ध गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने विषयवस्तु राख्दै लौकिक (पारिवारिक, सामाजिक, राष्ट्रिय) व्यवहारमा न्यायदर्शन सम्बद्ध चिन्तनहरूको प्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव रहेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष यस आलेखमा निकालिएको छ ।
{The presented article focuses on the importance and usefulness of Nyaya Darshanin Eastern literature (Paurastya literature). This article has been prepared with the aim of searching the place of Nyaya Darshan in the overall Paurastya literature and its utility. The subject matter has been presented using the personal views too while analysing the collected facts and performing public utility. The subject is started from the trend of philosophy. It has come to the conclusion that human beings are distracted by three types of sufferings; spiritual, metaphysical and supernatural. It summarizes that Philosophy was started to get relief from the world of such sufferings. Philosophy is the object from which real knowledge is obtained. The definition of justice is presented at the initial part while analyzing the philosophy of justice. Finding out the facts by testing the theorem (substance) through evidences like direct, inference, etc. is the justice. Nyaya philosophy is also called science of evidence (Pramanashastra). In this article, it has been concluded that there is direct impact of thoughts related to Nyaya philosophy on temporal (family, social, national) behavior describing about how Nyaya philosophy is presented in Paurastya literature and how its utility can be justified.}
बान्तवा राईहरूको सुप्तुलुङमा पितृहरूको स्थान र दायित्व {Place and Responsibilities of Ancestors in Suptulung of Bantwa Rai Community}
Authors: राई Rai चन्द्रकुमार Chandrakumar 
Published: December 2022

प्रस्तुत लेख बान्तावा राईहरूको आस्था केन्द्र सुप्तुलुङमा केन्द्रित छ । सुप्तुलुङ खाना पकाई खाने तीनचुला ढुङ्गाको एकीकृत स्वरूप हो । त्यस अतिरिक्त पितृहरूको निवासस्थल तथा शक्तिको स्रोतकेन्द्र रहेको विश्वास छ । विश्वास अनुसार यिनै सुप्तुलुङमा पितृहरू निवास गर्दै सन्तानको रक्षा गर्ने गर्दछन् । बान्तावा राईहरूको विश्वासमा पितृहरू नै सर्वोच्च शक्ति हुन् । सुप्तुलुङका तीन ढुङ्गाहरूभिन्न तीन शक्तिको प्रतीक मानिन्छन् र त्यही प्रतीकका आधारमा पुजिने र शक्ति आर्जन हुने विश्वास छ । यी तीन शक्तिहरूमा पुरुष शक्ति, महिला शक्ति र समाज प्रतिनिधि शक्ति हुन् । यी तीन शक्तिहरूमा पुरुष प्रतीक शक्ति अन्न, महिला प्रतीक लक्ष्मी र समाज प्रतीक प्रतिष्ठा तथा एकतासँग सम्बन्धित भएको देखिन्छ । यति मात्र होइन सुप्तुलुङमा बस्ने पितृहरूले नयाँ घर र परिवारको नयाँ सदस्यलाई मान्यता दिने, समाजको आवश्यकतालाई महत्वका साथ जोड दिई परिवारमा नैतिकता तथा सुब्बेफाब्बे कायम राख्ने भूमिकासमेत निर्वाह गरेको पाइन्छ । यसरी प्रस्तुत लेखमा सुप्तुलुङले पितृसँग अन्तरसम्बन्धित भई सन्तानका लागि त्रिआयामिक दायित्व निर्वाह गरेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
{This article is primarily based on the history and belief system of Suptulung in Bantawa Rai community. Suptulung is a combinations of three different stones specially used for cooking in general. Moreover, it is believed that Suptulung is the abode of ancestors and center of power. According to the belief system of Bantawa Rai community, ancestors are supreme and reside in Suptulung to protect their children and upcoming generations over the time. The three stones of Suptulung are considered to be symbols of three different powers and it is believed that they are worshiped based on these symbols and power is achieved. In fact, these three powers are men's power, women's power and community representative power. Among them, the male symbol is associated with strength and grain, the female symbol is Lakshmi, and the social symbol is related to prestige and unity of a community. Notwithstanding, ancestors play a vital role to recognize new home and new members of the family, emphasizing the needs of society and maintaining morality in the family. Thus, Suptulung and ancestors are intertwined to each other and perform different dimensional roles and responsibilities for their generations.}
Pelatihan dan Pembinaan Keterampilan Renang melalui Pengenalan Stretching (Statis dan Dinamis) pada Binaan Siswa PRSI Jakarta Utara
Authors: Prawira Asrori Yudha 
Published: December 2022

Pembinaan Olahraga Bagi Siswa peserta pelatihan dan pembinaan sangat penting untuk mengarahkan bakat serta minat para siswa peserta pelatihan dan pembinaan tepatnya di kegiatan Olahraga terutama cabang olahraga renang, sehingga para siswa peserta pelatihan dan pembinaan dapat memanfaatkan waktu kosong setelah sekolah dengan kegiatan keolahragaan yang baik dan sebagai tempat untuk lebih mengembangkan keahlian renang, kebugaran, dan kesehatan. Adapun pelatihan dan pembinaan Olahraga Renang juga dapat mempersiapkan siswa peserta pelatihan dan pembinaan, masyarakat khususnya generasi muda merancang keterampilan dan kebugaran jasmaniah secara umum dan menyeluruh dan kekhususan, yang berarti menyertakan siswa untuk dapat ikut berkompetisi dan bersaing dalam prestasi olahraga, serta mengembangkan keahlian renang terbaiknya untuk berupaya mencapainya, serta olahraga renang dapat timbul dan digemari oleh masyarakat dengan siswa peserta pelatihan dan pembinaan untuk mengembangkan keahlian renang, kebugaran, dan kesehatan. Dalam pelaksanaan pelatihan dan pembinaan PKM ini kami berkeinginan untuk upaya menyampaikan untuk para siswa SD, SMP,dan SMA yang sudah dikoordinir menjadi Binaan PRSI Jakarta Utara untuk lebih memahami sistematis latihan dan tahapan mulai dari gaya dalam renang serta tehnik lanjutan untuk mereka para siswa dapat mengenal terjadinya insan yang dipersiapkan menjadi pelapis dan pesaing klub olahraga renang diluar sana. Selanjutnya agar terus memberikan pelatihan dan pembinaan terhadap perkembangan dan kemajuan olahraga pada khususnya cabang olahraga renang dan target luaran publikasi jurnal nasional terakreditasi.
Aplikasi Bermain Finger Painting Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Halus Pada Anak Prasekolah
Authors: Fitriani Novita Fitriani , Mareta Reni , Sulistyono Dwi 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Preschool children are early childhood aged between 3-6 years, where fine motor development is needed to support their readiness to optimize body movements that involve high accuracy, eye persistence and small muscles such as playing puzzles, mixing colors, drawing with fingers (finger painting). Finger painting is a game with techniques to develop expression, express imagination and creation by painting directly with the fingers without using tools. Finger painting can train the coordination of the muscles of the fingers and eyes, train the combination and combination of colors to make the beauty of the hand movements it does. Objective: This study aims to see the effectiveness of finger painting playing stimulation to improve fine motor skills in preschool age children as a preparation for children to enter the next level of education. Methods: This research is a case study using a purposive sampling method. The sample in this case study is An. M aged 5 years with the results of the developmental pre-screening questionnaire (KPSP) was dubious with the risk factors still having difficulty learning to draw well. The research data was taken using participatory observation methods, unstructured interviews, and documentation. After tabulating the existing data were analyzed using the analysis domain. Results: The results showed that the application of playing finger painting on the risk of developmental disorders experienced by An. M indicates an increase in fine motor development. This is indicated by the observation scores that were carried out pre-test and post-test which were carried out for 3 times in 3 days. Conclusion: The application of playing finger painting can be applied as a stimulation for children to improve fine motor development so as to overcome the problem of risk of developmental disorders.
Keywords: Finger painting; Fine Motor Development; Preschool
Penerapan Rolling Massage Punggung Untuk Mengatasi Masalah Menyusui Tidak Efektif
Authors: M Eva Novita , Rahayu Heni Setyowati Esti , Wijayanti Kartika 
Published: December 2022

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan alami pertama yang dibutuhkan bayi dalam bulan pertama kehidupan. World Health Organization (WHO) dan United National Children Fund (UNICEF) merekomendasikan pemberian ASI Eksklusif selama enam bulan dan dilanjutkan pemberian ASI sampai dua tahun pertama kehidupannya. Komponen dalam ASI mengandung banyak manfaat, yaitu sebagai nutrisi, hormon, kekebalan, faktor pertumbuhan, anti alergi, antibodi, serta inflamasi yang dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi pada bayi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menerapkan rolling massage punggung untuk mengatasi masalah menyusui tidak efektif pada ibu menyusui. Metode: metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus yaitu purposive sampling. Responden yang digunakan ibu post partum yang baru melahirkan bayi pertama (primipara) dan mengalami keluhan ASI tidak lancar. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan rolling massage punggung dapat mengatasi masalah menyusui tidak efektif, yang dinilai dari penilaian observasi produksi ASI yang pada hari pertama total skor 2 dan pada hari terakhir total skor 6 poin. Kesimpulan : Penerapan rolling massage punggung dapat mengatasi masalah menyusui tidak efektif.
Corruption and Human Rights in the Case Law of Inter-American Human Rights Treaty Bodies
Authors: Lis Edyta 
Published: December 2022

The first attempts to combat corruption date back to ancient times and had mainly moral connotation. Despite being an old phenomena, nowadays it takes new shapes and becomes a more common feature of social life, especially in the Latin America region. Corruption is a complex, and multidimensional phenomenon that negatively impacts human rights on many levels. Therefore, serious effort have long been made at global, regional and state levels to combat corruption. The United Nations and regional organizations have adopted numerous non-binding and binding documents with a view to stifling this phenomenon but none of them refer to the issue of impact of corruption on human rights. But it should be stressed that it is very hard to establish a link between corruption and human rights violations. Some efforts has been made by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IAComHR). This article considers whether and how the IACHR and the IAComHR establish the link between corruption and violation of human rights in the inter-American system. It also determines which groups of people are, according the IACHR and the IAComHR, particularly affected by corruption, what measures should be taken to protect those exposed to acts of corruption, what obligations are incumbent on States with a view to preventing, combating and eradicating corruption.