bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tactical signalling by victims increases bystander consolation in bonobos
Authors: Heesen Raphaela , Austry Diane A. , Upton Zoe , Clay Zanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTactical emotion communication has long been considered uniquely-human. As a species, we readily exaggerate, inhibit and modify emotional expressions according to social context and audience. Notably, emitting emotional displays, such as those pertaining to distress states, can evoke empathic responses in others such as the offering of consolation to victims after a fight. Animal emotion expressions, by contrast, are traditionally viewed as uncontrollable arousal responses. Our study challenges this view by assessing the level of control in the emotional signalling of sanctuary-living bonobo victims following aggressive attacks (N = 27 victims, N = 144 attacks) and its and its corresponding effect on receivers. Results show that the production of paedomorphic signals by adult bonobo victims increased chances of receiving consolation from bystanders and reduced risk of future aggression from former opponents, highlighting a strategic function. Victim signalling also increased with audience size, yet strategies differed by age: immature bonobos were more likely to cease signalling in proximity of close-social partners, whereas adults were more likely to cease signalling after having been consoled. These data suggest that bonobo emotion communication has a developmental trajectory and that tactical emotion signalling is a Pan-human capacity, preceding the split of Homo.
A comprehensive framework for classification and selection of H4.0 digital technologies affecting healthcare processes in the grey environment
Authors: Balouei Jamkhaneh Hadi , Luz Tortorella Guilherme , Parkouhi Sahar Valipour , Shahin Reza 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis study seeks to provide a conceptual framework for the classification and selection of Healthcare 4.0 (H4.0) digital technologies affecting healthcare processes.Design/methodology/approachBy examining the literature review, a set of processes of health services based on two axes of interaction and service customization and the axis of labor intensity of the service process matrix was divided into four categories: service factory, mass service, service shop and professional services. Then, using a combination of grey decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and grey weighted aggregates sum product assessment (WASPAS) methods, a framework was presented to compute the impact of each of the H4.0 digital technologies on sub-criteria of the two main axes. Finally, based on the degree of the impact of each technology on the main axes, the technology affecting the four processes was segmented.FindingsFindings show that the customer participation in the service process (C1), ways to provide customer service (C6) as well as the speed of service delivery (L4) are the most important in the classification of digital technologies affecting healthcare processes.Research limitations/implicationsVarious other indicators from the behavioral, cultural, political, social and economic fields can be examined and used as a basis for evaluating H4.0 digital technologies.Practical implicationsThe proposed framework can help managers select H4.0 digital technologies to prioritize, review and analyze appropriate technologies to improve and support different processes, prioritize appropriate technologies and review and analyze.Originality/valueSo far, no study has examined the link between digital technologies and various service processes. Therefore, this reinforces the originality and value of the present study.
Small‐ and medium‐sized mammals of the Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia
Authors: Meheretu Yonas , Meinig Holger , Mikula Ondřej , Hermes Nicole , Wale Mengistu , Tadele Abiyu , Kaipf Ingrid , Bryja Josef 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Kafa Biosphere Reserve (KBR) is the largest montane forest reserve in Ethiopia and was declared officially a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) biosphere reserve in 2010. Only recently, however, has the reserve been surveyed in terms of its small‐ and medium‐sized mammal inhabitant species. The KBR supports a diverse variety of habitat types, which are increasingly under pressure from anthropogenic degradation. During the 2014 dry season and 2019 wet season, we used traps, mist‐nets, acoustic signals, photography and roadkill surveys to assess the small‐ and medium‐sized mammals of the reserve. We recorded 17 small‐ and five medium‐sized mammal species, almost half (45.5%) being endemic to Ethiopia. The grayish‐brown shaggy rat (Dasymys griseifrons) and two fruit bats (Epomophorus gambianus and Hypsignathus monstrosus) were recorded in the reserve for the first time. As a next step, a large‐scale, detailed inventory of the mammals in a wider area of southwestern Ethiopian forests and wetlands, including prevailing anthropogenic threats, is required. Notwithstanding, immediate conservation action by regional and national authorities to prevent further habitat loss to reduce the risk of local extinction is needed, particularly for endemic species or those exhibiting limited range distributions in southwestern Ethiopia.
Contribution of diafiltration and adsorption to vancomycin clearance in a continuous hemodiafiltration circuit model in vitro
Authors: Uchida Masashi , Sawada Mifuyu , Yamazaki Shingo , Suzuki Tatsuya , Suzuki Takaaki , Ishii Itsuko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVancomycin (VCM) is eliminated mainly by diafiltration under continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF), but the contribution of adsorption to CHDF clearance (CLCHDF) of VCM using a polyacrylonitrile and sodium methallyl sulfonate copolymer membrane coated with polyethylenimine (AN69ST) or a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membrane is unknown. This study sought to investigate the contribution of diafiltration and adsorption to the CLCHDF of VCM using AN69ST and PMMA membranes in vitro.MethodsAn in vitro CHDF circuit model was developed. The initial concentration of VCM was 50 μg/mL and human serum albumin (HSA) was prepared at a concentration of 0, 2.5, or 5.0 g/dL. The effluent flow rate (Qe) was set at 800, 1500, or 3000 mL/h. The CLCHDF, diafiltration rate, and adsorption rate of VCM were calculated.ResultsTotal CLCHDF of VCM using the AN69ST membrane increased and decreased with increasing Qe and HSA concentration, respectively. Diafiltration and adsorption rates were 82.1 ± 9.8% and 12.1 ± 6.1% under all conditions, respectively. Total CLCHDF using the PMMA membrane increased with increasing Qe. Diafiltration and adsorption rates were 89.2 ± 20.4% and 4.6 ± 17.0% under all conditions, respectively. The observed CLCHDF values significantly correlated with the predicted CLCHDF, calculated according to a previous study as the product of Qe and the plasma unbound fraction.ConclusionsDiafiltration predominantly contributed to CLCHDF of VCM using AN69ST and PMMA membranes. When diafiltration rather than adsorption mainly contributes to the CLCHDF of VCM, the CLCHDF could be predicted from the Qe and HSA concentration, at least in vitro.
Prognostic impact of count of extratumoral lymphatic permeation in lung adenocarcinoma and its relation to the immune microenvironment
Authors: Niimi Takahiro , Nakai Tokiko , Aokage Keiju , Tane Kenta , Miyoshi Tomohiro , Samejima Joji , Miyazaki Saori , Taki Tetsuro , Sakamoto Naoya , Sakashita Shingo , Watanabe Reiko , Kojima Motohiro , Suzuki Kenji , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ishii Genichiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExtratumoral lymphatic permeation (ly‐ext) has been reported as an independent poor prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma, but whether or not the number of ly‐ext foci is associated with prognosis and its relationship to the immune microenvironment is unclear. We counted the number of ly‐ext foci on pathological slides from patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma with ly‐ext, and divided them into two groups: a group with a high number of ly‐ext foci (ly‐ext high) and one with a low number of ly‐ext foci (ly‐ext low). Among the patients with ly‐ext, only a high number of ly‐ext foci was an independent poor prognostic factor. The 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate of the ly‐ext high group was significantly lower than that of the ly‐ext low group (14.7% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.01). Then, we analyzed the immune microenvironment of pT1 lung adenocarcinoma with ly‐ext (13 cases of ly‐ext high and 11 cases of ly‐ext low tumor) by immunohistochemistry using antibodies for stem cell markers (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 and CD44), tumor‐promoting mucin (MUC1), tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD79a), and tumor‐associated macrophages (CD204). The number of CD8+ TILs within the primary lesion was significantly lower and the number of FOXP3+ TILs within the primary lesion was significantly higher in the ly‐ext high group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Our results indicated that a high number of ly‐ext foci was an independent poor prognostic factor. Moreover, tumors with high numbers of ly‐ext foci had a more immunosuppressive microenvironment.
How do people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (the forgotten victims) live? A grounded theory study
Authors: Foji Samira , Mohammadi Eesa , Sanagoo Akram , Jouybari Leila 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a rare genetic disorder, associated with some physical symptoms including spots and tiny bumps on the skin, and internal organ involvement. People suffering from neurofibromatosis face various challenges in their daily lives. However, there is little understanding on how patients deal with neurofibromatosis. This study aimed to investigate the life challenges of patients with NF1.MethodsThis qualitative study was performed by implementing a grounded theory with the cooperation of the Society for Neurofibromatosis Patients over the course of 15 months in 2019 across 4 provinces in Iran. Twenty‐four patients with NF1 were interviewed. An analysis was performed using the constant comparative method.FindingsThe results of the analyses indicated that the major concern of the NF1 patients was feelings of failure and falling behind in life. In the face of failure in life in such a context, patients used the main strategy of “unsuccessful struggle to escape” the disease and its complications, which was represented itself in the forms of ‘hopelessness and impatience’, ‘suicidal thoughts and unsuccessful suicide attempts’, ‘isolation and seclusion’, ‘expressing complaints and grievances to God’, ‘hiding the disease’ and ‘hopelessness and refusing to receive care’. The implementation of such strategies helped patients reduce tension and achieve a temporary, though vulnerable and fragile, sense of relief and peace.ConclusionGiven an unfavourable life condition, NF1 patients turned to a harmful passive strategy in the face of the challenges posed by the disease.Patient or Public ContributionPublic contributors were active partners throughout, and co‐authored the paper.
Comparison of the success with two bending angles for lighted stylet intubation in children: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Zhang Yanjun , Guo Hao , Hu Zhanfei , Wang Li , Du Hongyin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe bend angle of a lighted stylet is an important factor for successful orotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to test the differences in the success of endotracheal intubation using lighted stylet with 70° versus 90° bend angles in children aged 4–6 years with normal airways.MethodsA total of 136 children with normal airways required orotracheal intubation were enrolled and were randomly allocated to the 90° or 70° bend angle groups. The first‐attempt success rate was assessed as the primary outcome. The intubation time, lighted stylet search time, lighted stylet withdrawal time, hemodynamic responses, and perioperative complications were recorded as secondary outcomes.ResultsAll intubations were completed within three attempts (the 90° group, 63/5/0; the 70° group, 55/11/2). The first‐attempt success rate was higher in the 90° group than that in the 70° group (92.6% [63/68 patients] versus 80.9% [55/68 patients], respectively; risk ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.31; p = .04). Esophageal entry occurred in nine of 83 intubation attempts in the 70° group and two of 73 intubation attempts in the 90° group (risk ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.01–1.19; p = .04). The intubation time and the lighted stylet search time were significantly shorter in the 90° group than that in the 70° group (intubation time: 12.2 ± 2.0 s versus 14.9 ± 2.6 s, respectively; mean difference, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.87–3.43; p < .01; effect size, 1.16; lighted stylet search time: 5.4 ± 1.0 s versus 8.0 ± 1.6 s, respectively; mean difference, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.21–3.12; p < .01; effect size, 1.95).ConclusionsLighted stylet intubation with a 90° bend angle improved the first‐attempt success rate and reduced esophageal intubation in children aged 4–6 years with normal airways.
Oxygen saturation after birth in resuscitated neonates in Uganda: a video-based observational study
Authors: Larsson Mårten , Myrnerts Höök Susanna , Mpamize Allan , Tylleskär Thorkild , Lubulwa Clare , Trevisanuto Daniele , Elfving Kristina , Pejovic Nicolas J 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundMonitoring of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) during neonatal resuscitation is standard of care in high-resource settings, but seldom performed in low-resource settings. We aimed to measure SpO2 and heart rate during the first 10 min of life in neonates receiving positive pressure ventilation (PPV) according to the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) protocol and compare results with SpO2 and heart rate targets set by the American Heart Association (AHA).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, as a substudy of the NeoSupra Trial. SpO2 and heart rate were measured on apnoeic neonates (≥34 weeks) who received PPV according to HBB (room air). Those who remained distressed after PPV received supplemental oxygen (O2). All resuscitations were video recorded and data were extracted by video review at 1 min intervals until 10 min post partum. Data were analysed for all observations and separately for only observations before and during PPV.Results49 neonates were analysed. Median SpO2 at 5 min (n=39) was 67% (49–88) with 59% of the observations below AHA target of 80%. At 10 min median SpO2 (n=44) was 93% (80–97) and 32% were below AHA target of 85%. When only observations before and during PPV were analysed, median SpO2 at 5 min (n=18) was 52% (34–66) and 83% were below AHA target. At 10 min (n=15), median SpO2 was 72% (57–89) and 67% were below AHA target. Median heart rates were above AHA target of 100 beats/min at all time intervals.ConclusionsA high proportion of neonates resuscitated with PPV after birth failed to reach the AHA SpO2 target in this small sample, implying an increased risk of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Further studies in low-resource settings are needed to evaluate baseline data and the need for supplemental O2 and optimal SpO2 during PPV.Trial registration numberThis is a substudy to the trial ‘Neonatal Resuscitation with Supraglottic Airway Trial (NeoSupra)’; ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03133572).
Mini coletânea de contos pioneiros da literatura infantil hebraica
Authors: Schvartzman Gabriel Steinberg 
Published: January 2022

Apresenta-se aqui uma minicoletânea de contos destinados ao público infantil, do período do renascimento do hebraico vernacular na Europa e na Terra de Israel, nas últimas décadas do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX. São apresentados aqui três contos de Itzhak Berkman (1870 – 1940) e dois contos de Meir Dizengoff (1861 – 1936). Itzhak Berkman foi um escritor e educador hebreu nascido na Lituânia e que viveu também nas cidades de Lodz e Varsóvia, na Polônia. Já Meir Dizengoff nascido na Bessarábia, foi um importante ativista sionista. Tornou-se mais conhecido por ter sido o primeiro prefeito da cidade de Tel Aviv, entre 1911 e 1936.
Impact of Different Measures of Body Size on the Radiation Dose During Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results from a Large Single Center Cohort
Authors: Verdoia Monica , Pipan Pierpaolo , Viola Orazio , Francesca Brancati Marta , La Cognata Sara , Novara Francesca , Bristot Filippo , D’Amico Giuseppina , Ravetto Cinzia , Fusco Massimo , Giachino Paolo , Tonella Manuela , Maccagni Davide , Soldà Pier Luigi , Marcolongo Marco 
Published: January 2022

Efforts to reduce and optimize the radiation exposure during coronary angiography and intervention have pointed at patients’ body size as a major determinant of irradiation for the patients and operators. We aimed at comparing body weight and body mass index (BMI) among consecutive patients undergoing angiographic procedures (coronary angiography and/or interventions) in a single center. Patients were divided in normal weight (NW, BMI <25 Kg/m2) and overweight (OW, BMI ≥25 Kg/m2). Patients’ dose exposure was evaluated as dose area product (DAP), time of exposure (fluoroscopy duration), and relative DAP (DAP/minutes of exposure). We included 748 patients, 61.6% undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions and 56.8% classified as OW. OW patients were more often men ( P < .001), with history of hypertension ( P < .001) and diabetes ( P = .001). Mean DAP and relative DAP were significantly higher among OW compared with NW patients ( P < .001). DAP and relative DAP were directly related with body weight (both r = .22, P < .001); a similar linear association was also described for BMI (r = .18, P < .001 and r = .19, P < .001, respectively). At multivariate analysis, however, body weight, but not BMI, independently predicted the DAP. Therefore, body weight should be considered as the preferred indicator of body size in the setting and optimization of radiation exposure during coronary diagnostic and intervention procedures.
Comparison of statistical methods for the analysis of recurrent adverse events in the presence of non-proportional hazards and unobserved heterogeneity: a simulation study
Authors: Patson Noel , Mukaka Mavuto , Kazembe Lawrence , Eijkemans Marinus J. C. , Mathanga Don , Laufer Miriam K. , Chirwa Tobias 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In preventive drug trials such as intermittent preventive treatment for malaria prevention during pregnancy (IPTp), where there is repeated treatment administration, recurrence of adverse events (AEs) is expected. Challenges in modelling the risk of the AEs include accounting for time-to-AE and within-patient-correlation, beyond the conventional methods. The correlation comes from two sources; (a) individual patient unobserved heterogeneity (i.e. frailty) and (b) the dependence between AEs characterised by time-dependent treatment effects. Potential AE-dependence can be modelled via time-dependent treatment effects, event-specific baseline and event-specific random effect, while heterogeneity can be modelled via subject-specific random effect. Methods that can improve the estimation of both the unobserved heterogeneity and treatment effects can be useful in understanding the evolution of risk of AEs, especially in preventive trials where time-dependent treatment effect is expected.

Methods
Using both a simulation study and the Chloroquine for Malaria in Pregnancy (NCT01443130) trial data to demonstrate the application of the models, we investigated whether the lognormal shared frailty models with restricted cubic splines and non-proportional hazards (LSF-NPH) assumption can improve estimates for both frailty variance and treatment effect compared to the conventional inverse Gaussian shared frailty model with proportional hazard (ISF-PH), in the presence of time-dependent treatment effects and unobserved patient heterogeneity. We assessed the bias, precision gain and coverage probability of 95% confidence interval of the frailty variance estimates for the models under varying known unobserved heterogeneity, sample sizes and time-dependent effects.

Results
The ISF-PH model provided a better coverage probability of 95% confidence interval, less bias and less precise frailty variance estimates compared to the LSF-NPH models. The LSF-NPH models yielded unbiased hazard ratio estimates at the expense of imprecision and high mean square error compared to the ISF-PH model.

Conclusion
The choice of the shared frailty model for the recurrent AEs analysis should be driven by the study objective. Using the LSF-NPH models is appropriate if unbiased hazard ratio estimation is of primary interest in the presence of time-dependent treatment effects. However, ISF-PH model is appropriate if unbiased frailty variance estimation is of primary interest.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01443130
Alkane Oxidation with H2O2 Catalyzed by OsO4-carboxylate Adduct and Its Application to Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Fujimoto Tomohiro , Ueda Yuta , Sugimoto Hideki , Nakazawa Jun , Hikichi Shiro , Itoh Shinobu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cyclohexane is selectively oxidized to cyclohexyl hydroperoxide (P) by the reaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of a catalytic amount of osmium tetroxide (OsO4). The product is converted to cyclohexanol (A) by the treatment with PPh3. The catalytic reactivity of OsO4 is enhanced by adding a coordinative anion such as benzoate anion. Encouraged by this result, we have developed an OsO4-immobilized heterogeneous catalyst using mesoporous silica (SBA-15) containing carboxylate groups on the surface.
Longitudinal survey of self-reported level of entrustment across the first year of clinical practice
Authors: O'Connor Paul , Lydon Sinéad , Mongan Orla , Byrne Dara 
Published: January 2022

Background. Newly graduated medical students often report that they lack the skills required to care for patients, and feel unprepared for clinical practice. However, little is known about when, and if, they acquire these skills in practice. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported level of entrustment in, and frequency of performance of, the seven Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) comprising the EPA framework for interns in Ireland. EPAs describe discrete activities that are essential to a particular profession. Methods. Self-report survey data were collected from doctors in the Republic of Ireland during their first year of clinical practice at four different time points during 2020/21. Results. Response rates to the survey varied from 73.3% (126/172) at Time 1 to 25.6% (44/172) at Time 4. After three months, the respondents reported that they could execute all of the EPAs, inclusive of 12 essential procedural skills, with indirect supervision. As the year progressed there was an increase in the proportion of respondents reporting that they performed the EPAs at least once a week. However, the proportion of respondents performing five of the essential procedural skills (e.g. nasogastric tube insertion) remained low across all time points. Conclusion. Consideration should be given as to how to better prepare medical students to execute these EPAs, how the interns can be better supported during the first quarter of internship. The findings from this research are positive. However, there is an urgent need to carry out formal assessments of entrustability, rather than relying on self-report.