bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in breast feeding: A hospital based study
Authors: Paudel Deepak Raj , Gupta Dipak Kumar , Giri Arun 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives: Breastfeeding (BF) is a socially constructed and controlled practice. Although breastfeeding is a common practice in Nepal, proper breastfeeding is on the decline due to several factors. The impact of knowledge and attitude about breastfeeding practice, i.e., duration of breastfeeding, proper techniques, proper time of weaning is poorly understood. So, this study is designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers in breastfeeding.
Material and Methods: This is an observational descriptive cross sectional study carried out among 220 mothers of under 2 years old children attending the pediatric out-patient department (OPD) at Janaki Medical College teaching hospital (JMCTH), Janakpur, Nepal. Mothers were interviewed using pre-designed questionnaire constructed after proper literature review.
Results: All mothers have idea that they have to breast feed their babies, but they did not have adequate knowledge on the appropriate way of breastfeeding. Only, 12.27% knew that they have to initiate breast feeding within 1 hour of birth, 15% had idea on pre-lacteal feed, 5% had idea on importance of colostrum, 10% knew the meaning of exclusive breast feeding, and 0% of the mothers had idea on importance of night feeding. Only 7.27% have knowledge on method on maintaining aseptic precaution during breastfeeding. Only 20.90% were practicing exclusive breast feeding, 70% mothers were practicing night feeds, 15% mothers practiced feeding one side at a time and 15% mothers were practicing appropriate attachment and positioning during BF. None of the mothers got any advice regarding breast feeding during antenatal care (ANC) visits. Only 15% mothers got proper method of breastfeeding advice after birth. 30% practiced burping after breastfeeding. 30% underwent practice of proper food to increase breast milk secretion.
Conclusion: Undesirable cultural practices such as late initiation of breastfeeding after birth, giving pre-lacteal feeds, delay in introduction of weaning foods, not exercising exclusive breastfeeding practice are still prevalent. The maternal knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in breastfeeding is still inadequate with a big gap between actual and desired practices and there is urgent need of mother educational program in this society.
Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern in Paediatric Emergency Department at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Yadav Chandrajeet Kumar , Bishunke Ravi , Shrivastava Amit Kumar , Palikhey Anjan , Chaurasia Lokeshwar 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives: The indiscriminate use of antibiotics often results in an increased incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR), suboptimal therapy, treatment failure, polypharmacy and most importantly, the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the paediatric emergency department, antibiotic prescribing pattern at a tertiary care teaching hospital, Universal College of Medical Sciences (UCMS), Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, Nepal.
Material and methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out on 152 paediatric patients of ages between 2 months to 12 years at the paediatric emergency department of UCMS. The data were collected by reviewing the prescription paper, and the required information was recorded using a structured data collection sheet prepared for study. The prescribing pattern was assessed through the World Health Organization (WHO) prescription indicators using the WHO Children Formulary 1993 AD.
Results: This study revealed that out of 152 patients, average number of drugs prescribed was 5.13 and antibiotic per patient was 2.10±.540. Antibiotics were prescribed at least once for 93.4% of patients. Drugs prescribed from Essential drug list (EDL) was 46.46% and that encountered with injectable was 92.1%. There was a significant difference between the patients age group and the number of drugs prescribed (χ2 = 21.553, p = 0.010). The mean duration of antibiotic treatment was 6.95±3.145. Cephalosporin’s (36.6%) followed by aminoglycosides (28.8%) were most frequently prescribed antibiotics.
Conclusion: Multiple courses of antibiotics are most frequently prescribed, which could increase antibiotic resistance in future. Continuous audits, training and new treatment protocols should be developed for prescribing and using antibiotics in paediatric patients.
Employee Retention Strategies Used by Nepalese Banks
Authors: Chaudhary Manoj Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Employee retention has been a key factor for the sustainable operation of any organization. Among all the sectors of an economy, banking sector has been one of the sectors with higher employee turnover. This study aims to investigate retention issues in Civil Bank and Mega Bank limited located in Kathmandu valley. The study has collected data from 132 employees (from different levels and different departments working in these commercial banks through 5-point Likert questionnaire and processed with the help of SPSS. The collected data are analyze using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The study results show that workplace environment, career growth & development opportunity, compensation management and job security have significant impact and association with the employee’s retention in Civil Bank and Mega Bank located in Kathmandu. It is recommended that plan for work life balance and better career planning for the employees could increase to establishing the stability of employees working in banking sectors.
A Class Struggle in Umberto’s Boccioni’s Painting- Street Noises Invade the House (1911)
Authors: Chhetry Tek Bahadur 
Published: April 2022

The modern art of the early twentieth century is the reaction to Realism, and impressionists were the first who broke away from so called rule bound represented bourgeoisie. That is to say that they are the harbingers of the twentieth century art. As Europe was shifting swiftly with the new things being built, the impressionists were changing the whole concept in the art with an attempt to avoid myths and history in painting and developed a new perspective to look at the painting and do it as it is for anyone. This avant-garde art has brought about symbolism, cubism, fauvism and futurism. It has also put the dimension of art and painting in a new mode of representation. Futurism embraces the chaos of the advances in technology with the features like dynamism, speed, energy, vitality and change as an inspiring way to reject the tradition and face the future. Against this backdrop, this paper examines how futurism, an artistic mode of representation has situated the context of art into a social change in Umberto Boccioni’s painting- Street Noises Invade the House (1911) vis-a-vis the Marxist approach of class struggle. In addition, the paper also analyzes the formal elements- color, structure, balance and harmony employed in the art by the artist that constitute the composite whole.
Perjanjian Kerja Sama Upaya Percepatan Pensertipikatan Tanah-tanah Milik PT. PLN
Authors: Sugiasih Sugiasih 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The constraints faced by PLN related to land can be seen from the amount of land owned by PLN that has only reached 30% certificate and about 57,000 plots of land owned by PLN have not been certified. This is due to the irregular land asset management. Such conditions can increase the risk of land disputes.The acceleration of PLN land certificates is carried out through a Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/BPN and PT. PLN. This paper describes the implementation of the memorandum of understanding as well as the obstacles and solutions to the problem of PLN land that is not clean and clear. The research method used is a qualitative method which emphasizes the observation of phenomena and their substance. As a result, it is known that PLN lands which are physically and legally clear and are not in dispute can be certified immediately. Some of PLN's lands experienced problems in making their certificates, namely physical and juridical constraints. Although there are obstacles, it is undeniable that the Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/BPN and PLN brings great benefits, namely that many lands belonging to PLN have been and are in the process of being certified.
Keywords : Cooperation Agreement, Land Certificate Constraints, PLN

INTISARI
Kendala yang dihadapi PLN berkaitan dengan tanah terlihat dari jumlah tanah milik PLN yang sudah bersertipikat baru mencapai 30% dan sekitar 57.000 bidang tanah milik PLN belum bersertipikat. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tidak tertibnya tata kelola aset tanah. Kondisi demikian dapat meningkatkan resiko terjadinya sengketa tanah. Percepatan pensertipikatan tanah PLN dilaksanakan melalui Nota Kesepahaman antara Kementerian Agraria dan Tata Ruang/BPN dan PT. PLN. Dalam tulisan ini mengurai pelaksanaan nota kesepahaman tersebut serta kendala dan solusi untuk permasalahan tanah PLN yang tidak clean and clear. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif yang lebih menekankan pada pengamatan fenomena dan substansinya. Hasilnya diketahui bahwa untuk tanah-tanah PLN yang secara fisik dan yuridisnya sudah jelas dan tidak dalam sengketa dapat segera disertipikatkan. Sebagian tanah PLN mengalami kendala dalam pembuatan sertipikatnya, yaitu kendala fisik dan kendala yuridis. Meskipun terdapat kendala, tidak dipungkiri bahwa Perjanjian Kerjasama antara Kementerian Agraria dan tata Ruang/BPN dan PLN membawa manfaat yang besar, yaitu banyak tanah-tanah milik PLN yang sudah dan sedang dalam proses pensertipikatan.
Kata kunci : Perjanjian Kerja Sama, Kendala Pensertipikatan Tanah, PLN
A mathematical prognosis modelling of reocclusions in patients with occlusive-stenotic diseases of the main arteries of the infrarenal aorta
Authors: Shaprynskyi V. V. , Shaprynskyi V. O. , Ocheredko O. M. 
Published: April 2022

Annotation. Obliterating atherosclerosis the lower extremities vessels often leads to permanent disability and mortality in some cases. Despite the improvement of methods and techniques of endovascular and open operations, nowadays there is still a significant frequency of amputations due to progression of atheroscleroses and various intra- and postoperative complications, such as shunt thrombosis or thrombosis of zone of reconstruction. Therefore, the aim was to research the factors influencing the occurrence of reocclusion after surgery and to develop predictive modeling of the risk of their occurrence with the help of logistic mathematical regression. 100 patients with occlusive-stenotic lesions of the main arteries of the infrarenal aorta by atherosclerotic origin were examined. 50 patients (general group) revealed reocclusion occurred in the early postoperative period, and 50 patients (comparison group) have no reocclusion. The factors influencing the occurrence of reocclusion have been identified, and mathematical prognostic modeling of reocclusions based on logistic regression has been created. It was found that the risk of reocclusion increases significantly with increasing duration of the lesion (b=0.5214, p=0.005), in the presence of complex anatomical conditions (b=3.5080, p=0.034), in the presence of two or more multistory occlusions (b=9.0073, p=0.002), in the presence of technical errors in the intervention process (b=8.0802, p=0.004).
Ikon, Indeks, dan Simbol dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Menghardik Gerimis Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono serta Relevansinya dengan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Jannah Marfu'ah nur , Inderasari Elen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aims to describe semiotic signs in the form of icons, indexes, and symbols contained in the short story collection Menghardik Gerimis by Sapardi Djoko Damono (SDD) and their relevance to learning Indonesian at Madrasah Aliyah. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with semiotic analysis of Charles Sanders Peirce. Data collection techniques in this study used reading and note-taking techniques. The data collection technique used purposive sampling technique, namely the sampling of data sources with certain considerations. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion found: (1) icons, including icons of natural phenomena, plants, animals, celestial bodies, landscapes, religion, and objects created by humans. (2) index, which includes the index of sound, nature, and the nature of human behavior. (3) symbols, including symbols of color, animal, social, spiritual, and philosophy of life. (4) the building blocks of the short story, including the intrinsic and extrinsic elements in accordance with the learning of short stories at Madrasah Aliyah.
Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tanda semiotika berupa ikon, indeks, dan simbol yang terdapat dalam kumpulan cerpen Menghardik Gerimis karya Sapardi Djoko Damono (SDD) serta relevansinya dengan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di Madrasah Aliyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce. Teknik pengumpulan data di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik baca dan catat. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel sumber data dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan ditemukan: (1) ikon, mencakup ikon fenomena alam, tumbuhan, binatang, benda langit, bentang alam, religi, dan benda ciptaan manusia. (2) indeks, mencakup indeks suara, alam, dan sifat perilaku manusia. (3) simbol, mencakup simbol warna, binatang, sosial, spiritual, dan falsafah hidup. (4) unsur pembangun cerpen, yakni unsur intrinsik dan ekstrinsik yang sesuai dengan pembelajaran cerpen di Madrasah Aliyah.
Safety and feasibility of intramedullary injected bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute complete spinal cord injury: phase 1 trial
Authors: Saini Renu , Pahwa Bhavya , Agrawal Deepak , Singh Pankaj , Gurjar Hitesh , Mishra Shashwat , Jagdevan Aman , Misra Mahesh Chandra 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
The intramedullary route holds the potential to provide the most concentration of stem cells in cases of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the safety and feasibility of this route need to be studied in human subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of intramedullary injected bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in acute complete SCI.

METHODS
In this prospective study conducted over a 2-year period, 27 patients with acute (defined as within 1 week of injury) and complete SCI were randomized to receive BM-MSC or placebo through an intramedullary route intraoperatively at the time of spinal decompression and fusion. Institutional ethics approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Safety was assessed using laboratory and clinicoradiological parameters preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS
A total of 180 patients were screened during the study period. Of these, 27 were enrolled in the study. Three patients withdrew, 3 patients were lost to follow-up, and 8 patients died, leaving a total of 13 patients for final analysis. Seven of these patients were in the stem cell group, and 6 were in the control group. Both groups were well matched in terms of sex, age, and weight. No adverse events related to stem cell injection were noted for laboratory and radiological parameters. Five patients in the control group and 3 patients in the stem cell group died during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS
Intramedullary injection of BM-MSCs was found to be safe and feasible for use in patients with acute complete SCI.
Optimal timing of referral for nerve transfer surgery for postoperative C5 palsy
Authors: Saadeh Yamaan S. , Chopra Zoey , Olsen Eric , Smith Brandon W. , Kashlan Osama N. , Yang Lynda J. S. , Park Paul 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
Cervical nerve 5 palsy can occur following surgery for cervical spine pathology. The prognosis of C5 palsy is generally favorable, and most patients recover useful function. However, some patients do not recover useful strength. Nerve transfers are a potential effective treatment of postoperative severe C5 palsy. This study aimed to further delineate the natural history of recovery from postoperative C5 palsy, determine whether lack of recovery at specific time points predicts poor recovery prognosis, and thereby determine a reasonable time point for referral to a complex peripheral nerve specialist.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 72 patients who underwent surgery for cervical spondylosis and stenosis complicated by C5 palsy. Medical Research Council (MRC) motor strength grades were recorded preoperatively; immediately postoperatively; at discharge; and at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify demographic and clinical risk factors associated with recovery of useful strength after severe C5 palsy.

RESULTS
The mean patient age was 62.5 years, and 36.1% of patients were female. Thirty patients (41.7%) experienced severe C5 palsy with less than antigravity strength (MRC grade 2 or less) at discharge. Twenty-one (70%) of these patients recovered useful strength (MRC grade 3 or greater) at 12 months postoperatively, and 9 patients (30%) did not recover useful strength at 12 months. Of those patients with persistent severe C5 palsy at 3 months postoperatively, 50% recovered useful strength at 12 months. Of those patients with persistent severe C5 palsy at 6 months postoperatively, 25% recovered useful strength at 12 months. No patient with MRC grade 0 or 1 strength at 6 months postoperatively recovered useful strength. A history of diabetes was associated with the occurrence of severe C5 palsy. On multivariate analysis, female sex was associated with recovery of useful strength.

CONCLUSIONS
Most patients with severe C5 palsy recover useful strength in their C5 myotome within 12 months of onset. However, at 3 months postoperatively, patients with persistent severe C5 palsy had only a 50% chance of recovering useful strength by 12 months. Lack of recovery of useful strength at 3 months postoperatively is a reasonable time point for referral to a complex peripheral nerve center to establish care and to determine candidacy for nerve transfer surgery if severe C5 palsy persists.
Desain Pola Integrasi Cyber dalam Mengurangi Kejahatan Cyberbullying
Authors: Sakban Abdul , Bidaya Zaini 
Published: April 2022

Dampak akibat dibully adalah depresi berat oleh si remaja korban bullying makin besar bahkan ke arah bunuh diri, menyakiti diri sendiri kepada si anak hasil bully. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguraikan desain pola integrasi untuk mengurangi kejahatan cyberbullying. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis dan studi kasus. Sasaran subyek penelitian adalah aparat sipil negera, pegawai dan staf yang pada Kepolisian Daerah, Kemenkominfo, Telkom dan Pengadilan Negeri di Nusa Tenggara Barat metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi kepustakaan, pengamatan, wawancara, analisis dokumen. Desain formulasi pola integrasi cyber dalam penelitian ini menggunakan desain grounded theory menurut Urguhard. Data yang terkumpul baik berupa data kepustakaan maupun data lapangan akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan deskriptif analitis untuk menguraikan data lapangan dengan studi literatur dengan pendekatan deduktif dan induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola integrasi cyber untuk pencegahan cyberbullying menggunakan sistem siklus cyber dengan tahapan yaitu kolaborasi lembaga, pencegahan melalui penyuluhan, edukasi, kampanye dan pendampingan (PEKP), Patroli Siber, menjaga identitas, menjadi saksi ahli, mengklarifikasi berita hoax menjadi berita yang asli, dan memberikan efek jera kepada pelaku kejahatan cyberbullying.The impact of being bullied is that the teenager who is bullied suffers from severe depression, even leading to suicide, hurting himself or herself to the child who is the result of being bullied. The purpose of this study is to describe the design of integration patterns to reduce cyberbullying crimes. The method used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive analytical approach and case studies. The target subjects of the study were state civil servants, employees and staff at the Regional Police, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, Telkom and the District Court in West Nusa Tenggara. The data collection methods used were library research, observation, interviews, and document analysis. The design of the cyber integration pattern formulation in this study uses a grounded theory design according to Urguhard. The data collected in the form of library data and field data will be analyzed using analytical descriptive to describe the field data by studying literature with deductive and inductive approaches. The results show that the cyber integration pattern for cyberbullying prevention uses a cyber cycle system with stages, namely institutional collaboration, prevention through counseling, education, campaigns and mentoring (PEKP), Cyber Patrol, maintaining identity, being an expert witness, clarifying hoax news into original news. , and provide a deterrent effect to perpetrators of cyberbullying crimes.
Dampak-Dampak Terjadinya Perkawinan Anak di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Maemunah Maemunah , Hafsah Hafsah 
Published: April 2022

Dampak dari Pandemi covid-19 pada perkawinan pernikahan dini dipengaruhi oleh budaya, masalah ekonomi yang menyebabkan orang tua mengizinkan anak-anaknya menikah di usia dini, pernikahan di anggap sebagai jalan pintas meringankan beban orangtua, aktivitas belajar dirumah mengakibatkan remaja memiliki keleluasaan dalam bergaul dilingkungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitain hukum empiris. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metodeo bservasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, sedangkan teknik analisis data melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian bahwa dampak perkawinan anak terhadap jumlah kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) memiliki dampak negatif yaitu dampak yang tidak hanya merugikan anak maupun keluarga, tetapi secara keseluruhan juga merugikan Negara, akibat BDR sehingga peserta didik melakukan pernikahan tanpa memikirkan masa depan, terganggunnya kesehatan mental anak dan ibu, munculnya pola asuh yang saah pada anak, hingga intifikasi anak yang tidak tercatat karena tidak memiliki akta kelahiran, sehingga memunculkan resiko terburuk yaitu terjadinya perdagangan anak.The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on early marriage is influenced by culture, economic problems that cause parents to allow their children to marry at an early age, marriage is considered a shortcut to lighten the burden on parents, learning activities at home result in teenagers having the flexibility to socialize in their environment. The research method used in this study is an empirical legal research method. The data collection method used observation, interviews, documentation, while the data analysis technique was through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the impact of child marriage on the number of domestic violence (KDRT) has a negative impact, namely the impact that is not only detrimental to the child and family, but overall it is also detrimental to the State, due to BDR so that students marry without thinking about the future, mental health disorders children and mothers, the emergence of legal parenting patterns for children, to identification of children who are not registered because they do not have birth certificates, thus creating the worst risk, namely the occurrence of child trafficking.