bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compositional Changes in Muskmelons during Development and in Response to Ethylene Treatment1
Authors: Bianco Vito V. , Pratt Harlan K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruits of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L., cv. Honey Dew and Powdery Mildew Resistant No. 45) were harvested at weekly intervals after anthesis, and weight, shape, flesh firmness, flesh color, and the content of total solids, alcohol insoluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were measured. Total sugars (mainly sucrose) increased rapidly between the 28th and 42nd days; hence early harvest must inevitably lead to loss in quality. Ethylene treatments of fruits harvested less than fully mature did not alter sugar content since melons have no starch reserve.
Organic Acid Composition of ‘Shamouti’ Oranges at Harvest and during Prolonged Postharvest Storage1
Authors: Sasson Alegre , Monselise S. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
GLC analysis of organic acids of different fruit components (flavedo, albedo, and juice) was carried out by a modified method. ‘Shamouti’ orange fruits (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) were of different viability because of progressive aging during postharvest storage (3 months at 17°C). Wide quantitative and qualitative differences in acid composition of tissues were detected. Citric was the main acid in juice, malonic and malic in peel tissues. Additional acids included succinic, adipic, isocitric, oxalic, lactic, aconitic, α-ketoglutaric and benzoic. With tissue aging, malonic, succinic and adipic acids concentration increased in peel and juice, but citric and malic acids concn decreased in juice. Malonic acid, the competitive inhibitor of acid respiration, can serve as an indicator of fruit tissue senescence, because its accumulation in the peel begins at fruit maturity, and increases threefold during 3 months post harvest. Moreover, it is the acid component most closely linked with aging of fruit tissues as determined by softness and deformation parameters.
Nitrogen Release Characteristics of Controlled-release Fertilizers during a Four Month Soil Incubation1
Authors: Patel Ashwin J. , Sharma Govind C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fertilizers were mixed in Morrison sandy loam at 250 and 500 mg N/500 g soil. Columns were kept under uniform environmental conditions and eluted at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91 and 121 days to evaluate their N-release characteristics. During the first week, N leached ranged from a low of 2% for sulfur-coated urea to a high of 12% for Mag AmP. Nitrogen released during the 17-week period in descending order was Precise (12N-2.6P-5.0K and 8-4.8-4.1), Osmocote (14-6.1-11.6 and 18-2.6-9.8), Mag Amp (fine, 7-17.5-5), SCU (36-0-0, 26% N 1st week), Osmocote (18-2.2-9.1), SCU (36-0-0, 10% N 1st week), Mag AmP (Coarse, 7-17.5-5), Nitroform (38-0-0), IBDU (31-0-0), Uramite (39-0-0), Agriform (14-1.7-5), and Agriform (20-4.4-4.1). The recovery of leached total N ranged from 77% for short to 13.5% for long-duration fertilizers for the 17 weeks.
Evaluation of Spinach Accessions and Cultivars for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt. I. Greenhouse-bench Method1
Authors: O'Brien Muriel J. , Winters Harold F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two hundred and five USDA Plant Introduction accessions, 19 cultivars, and 5 advanced white-rust resistant lines of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. spinaciae (Sherb.) Synd. & Hans.), the fusarium-wilt pathogen. After inoculation with heavy doses, ca. 200,000 spores/ml, six plant introduction (PI) accessions rated 5 and eleven accessions rated 6 on a 10-point disease-intensity scale (1 = no infection, 10 = plant dead). No high-level resistance was observed.
Response of Pistachio to Low Soil Moisture Conditions1
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Mazigh D. , Evenari M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Staminate clone Israel 502 and ‘Kerman’ and ‘Lassen’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) on two rootstocks showed remarkable drought resistance under runoff farming in the Negev desert highlands. During favorable seasons, root distribution was fairly uniform down to 240 cm. Moisture depletion fluctuated between 58 and 477 mm during 1971-1974 because of great differences in flood water availability and scant annual rainfall (54–163 mm). Soil moisture was depleted in all strata well below the wilting point throughout the growing season in 1973 and from mid-July in 1974. Shoot growth terminated within 4–5 weeks. Although trunk growth continued at an even rate until August 1–15, the relative increment was 4.2–7% higher with the staminate clone. Extreme drought from the autumn of 1972 through 1973 (58 mm water depletion) did not prevent bud differentiation and high yields per tree (12.0 kg for ‘Kerman’, 9.5 kg for ‘Lassen’) in 1974.
Use of Natural Cytokinins to Extend the Storage Life of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea, Italica Group)1
Authors: Fuller Glenn , Kuhnle Judith A. , Corse Joseph W. , Mackey Bruce E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Two natural cytokinins, zeatin and dihydrozeatin, were effective in preserving broccoli appearance and chlorophyll content. Single treatments with 100 ppm aqueous solutions of the 2 compounds, followed by storage at 13°C, permitted storage life of 5 days for zeatin- and 4 days for dihydrozeatin-treated samples of broccoli. Repeated treatments with these compounds increased broccoli storage life to 6 days at 13°C, approaching the apparently limiting value of 7 days conferred by the synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylamino purine (25 ppm). Broccoli without cytokinin treatment remained salable for only 2 days at 13°C. Visual scores for color were linearly related to chlorophyll concentration.
Mid-summer Applications of Ethephon and Daminozide on Apples. I. Effect on ‘McIntosh’1
Authors: Greene D. W. , Lord W. J. , Bramlage W. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Applications of (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) on ‘McIntosh’ apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) in early August at concentrations of 125 to 500 ppm promoted the climacteric rise in respiration, increased soluble solids, fruit abscission, and red color, and also reduced flesh firmness. Results from ethephon applications in July were variable; in 1974 July applications were more effective, and in 1975 less effective, than treatments applied in early August. The effects of ethephon were reduced when 1000 ppm succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) was combined with the ethephon. No treatment influenced repeat bloom or set the year following application.
Effect of Soil Compaction and Nitrogen Source on Growth and Yield of Squash1
Authors: Smittle D. A. , Williamson R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plant and root growth and root distribution of ‘Dixie’ squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) were reduced by mechanical soil compaction of a Tifton loamy sand soil. Soil atmospheric O2 and CO2 concentrations were not affected by soil compaction. Marketable fruit yield was reduced 46 to 58% by increased soil strength produced by tractor wheel traffic. Nitrogen from Ca(NO3)2 produced greater yields in non-compacted plots and smaller yields in compacted plots than NH4NO3.
Metabolism of Sucrose in Cut Roses. III. Absorption of Sugars by Petal Discs1
Authors: Chin Chee-kok , Sacalis John N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Labeling patterns of absorbed 14C sugars in petal discs of ‘Forever Yours’ rose (Rosa hybrida L.) revealed that most of the sucrose was absorbed undegraded indicating that inversion was not a prerequisite for absorption of sucrose by petal tissue.
Dry Weight Reduction in Mechanically-dwarfed Tomato Plants1
Authors: Mitchell C. A. , Dostal H. C. , Seipel T. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Brief, daily mechanical disturbance reduced dry weight gain as well as shoot elongation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Kokomo). Tactile (thigmo-) and vibrational (seismo-) stimulation of leaf surfaces increased leaf diffusive resistance and decreased transpiration in both stress-conditioned and unstressed control plants. The transitory nature of these responses suggests that prolonged reduction of stomatal aperture was not the cause of the dry weight or growth reductions. Changes in respiratory rates and photosynthetic efficiency also were ruled out. However, growth in dry weight paralleled increase in leaf area for stressed and unstressed plants, suggesting that reduced net photosynthesis was the result, rather than the cause, of retarded plant growth.
Yield and Quality of ‘Concord’ Grapes as Affected by Pruning Severity, Nodes Per Bearing Unit, Training System, Shoot Positioning, and Sampling Date in Arkansas1
Authors: Cawthon D. L. , Morris J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Retaining more fruiting nodes/vine increased yield, but reduced fruit quality in ‘Concord’ grape (Vitis labrusca L.). Geneva double curtain (GDC) training produced more fruit with better quality than a single wire cordon training system. Positioning the current season’s growth vertically toward the vineyard floor increased yields of vines pruned to short (3-node) spurs. Yield was increased by shoot positioning the season after performing the operation, however, fruit quality was improved during the season that vines were shoot positioned. Pruning vines to 6- or 9-node canes increased yield without a sacrifice of fruit quality as compared to 3-node spurs and reduced the yield increasing potential of shoot positioning. Use of longer canes, GDC training, and shoot positioning grapevines in Arkansas may allow less severe pruning than the currently recommended 30+10 pruning schedule to increase yield without a loss in fruit quality. Pruning weights were generally reduced by treatments which increased yield.
Chemical Thinning: Ethylene and Pre-treatment Fruit Size Influence Enlargement, Auxin Transport, and Apparent Sink Strength of French Prune and ‘Andross’ Peach1
Authors: Weinbaum S. A. , Giulivo C. , Ramina A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ethephon applied to peach (Prunus persica L., cv. Andross) and French prune (Prunus domestica L., cv. Agen) at fruit developmental stages sensitive to ethylene-induced abscission reduced peach enlargement and the l4C-IAA transport capacities of excised peach pedicel segments. Sensitivity to (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) was inversely related to peach size prior to treatment. Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) increased abscission of control and ethephon-treated prunes.
Accumulation of label by fruit tissues of ethylene pretreated prune explants following xylem transport of 14c-sugar was reduced despite the absence of competing sinks and continued availability of sugar. These results provide evidence of a direct effect of ethylene on fruit tissues.
Nitrogen Requirement of the Highbush Blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L.1
Authors: Eck Paul 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field applications of N greater than 34 kg/ha to highbush blueberry plants on an Atsion sand did not result in increased fruit production. Application of more than 64 kg N/ha may be detrimental to blueberry production. The optimum N content in the median leaves sampled one month after harvest of lateral shoots averaged 1.65% N over a 5 year period. A biennial bearing pattern occurred consistently at each of N fertilizer levels. Leaf N levels tended to be lower during years of high production than during years of low fruit production. Ca levels in leaf tissue were found to be below the sufficiency level during low production years when leaf N was high and above the sufficiency level in high production years when leaf N was lower.
Effects of Cropping Systems and a Nematicide on Root-knot Nematodes and Quality and Yield of Tomato Transplants1
Authors: Johnson A. W. , Campbell G. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Millet, milo, soybean, crotalaria and Norman pigeon pea were used in conjunction with clean fallow and a nematicide (fensulfothion) for managing root-knot nematode populations in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplant production. Clean fallow was most effective in suppressing numbers of nematodes. After 2 years, numbers of nematodes increased to damaging levels and fallow was no longer effective for complete control even when used in conjunction with fensulfothion. After 4 years none of the crops used as summer cover crops alone or in conjunction with fensulfothion reduced numbers of root-knot nematodes in harvested tomato transplants sufficiently to meet Georgia regulations.
Salt Tolerance of Three Muskmelon Cultivars1
Authors: Shannon M. C. , Francois L. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The salt tolerance of 3 muskmelon cultivars (Cucumis melo L. cv. Top Mark, PMR 45, and Hale's Best) was determined in plots artificially salinized with NaCl and CaCl2. Marketable yield, total dry weight, vine dry weight, and total fruit weight of all cultivars decreased with increasing salinity. ‘Top Mark’, the highest yielding cultivar at low salinity, yielded least at high salinity. ‘PMR 45’ was the least affected with increasing salinity. Na and Cl in the leaves and fruit and % soluble solids in the fruit all increased with increasing salinity levels.
Relationship of Stage of Ripeness and Holding Temperature to Decay Development of Blueberries1
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Maness E. P. , McClure W. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relationship of holding temperature and stage of ripeness to decay development of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L) was determined comparing 6 sets of 5 ripeness classes (light-sorted; 740-800 nm) stored at 1.1°, 10.0°, and 22.2°C. On each of 6 dates, 1 set (3 temperatures × 5 ripenesses × 4 replications) was removed from storage and sorted for decay. Regardless of cultivar or stage of ripeness, all blueberries stored at 22.2° decayed rapidly (within 5 days). Only when the blueberries were held at 1.1° did the time and expense of light-sorting appear economically justifiable; i.e., overripe berries (% soluble solids (SS)/% acid (Ac) ratio = 30) required about 12 days while just-ripe blue fruits (SS/Ac = 10) required about 32 days to develop 20% decay. Estimates of maximum degree of ripeness (SS/Ac) for fresh marketing (< 20% decay at retail) were made: Trans-Atlantic (up to 20,) transcontinental (up to 27), and local (⋜ 1200 km) (up to 30). Fruit riper than SS/Ac = 30 should be processed within 24 hours.
Effects of GA3 on Puffing and Levels of GA-like Substances and ABA in the Peel of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshu Marc.)
Authors: Kuraoka Tadayuki , Iwasaki Kazuo , Ishii Takaaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In a paper entitled, Effects of GA3 on Puffing and Levels of GA-like Substances and ABA in the Peel of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshu Marc.) by Tadayuki Kuraoka, Kazuo Iwasaki and Takaaki Ishii, (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102(5):651-654. 1977), a printer's error appeared in a solvent formulation. In col. 2, paragraph 3, line 4, on p. 651, the solvent formulation should read “10 iso-propanol: 1 ammonia:1 water (by vol) for 20 cm.”
Uptake and Distribution of 14C-labelled 5-Chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole in ‘Valencia’ and ‘Hamlin’ Oranges1
Authors: Kossuth S. V. , Biggs R. H. , Winkler V. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Uptake and distribution of 14C-labelled 5-Chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (Release3) was followed in fruit peel of ‘Valencia’ and ‘Hamlin’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). Little lateral movement of 300 ppm peel applied Release occurred. Seventy-eight to 94% of the applied 14C-labelled material was found in or on the flavedo, less than 1.5% in the pulp, and 5 to 19% in the albedo tissue. Simulated or true rain removed 70% or more of the 14C-Release during the 0–8 hour period after peel application in the field, but a 24-hour rainless period resulted in recovery of up to 66% of the compound. Under controlled conditions, maximum peel uptake of 14C-Release occurred at 58 to 66% relative humidity (RH) and 25° to 35°C. Increasing RH at lower temperatures only partially increased uptake of Release.
Translocation of 14C from Tops and Roots of Pecan in the Spring following Assimilation of 14CO2 during the Previous Growing Season1
Authors: Lockwood David W. , Sparks Darrell 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] seedlings in their first year of growth were treated weekly with 14CO2 for one growing season, then reciprocally grafted with untreated seedlings, and tops and roots were autoradiographed during shoot elongation the following season. Translocation of 14C labelled substrates was acropetal. The root was the major storage organ for reserve substrates.
Performance of Rodenticides for the Control of Pine Voles in Orchards1
Authors: Byers R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hand placement of commercially prepared baits of 2-[(p-chlorophenyl) phenylacetyl]-l,3-indandione (Chlorophacinone, CPN, Rozol), 3-[3-(4’-bromo[1,l’-biphenyl]-4-y)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (Bromadiolone, LM-637) and 3-[3-(4-bromo[l,l’-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (Brofacoum, BFC, ICI 581) were found to be very effective in controlling the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum LeConte, in a single 11.2 kg/ha (10 lb./acre) application. Cubed apple baits treated with BFC or 1-(3-pyridylmethyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) urea (RH 787, Vacor) were also effective. The 2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indandione (Diphacinone, DPN, Ramik-Brown) prepared bait did not perform as well as the other anticoagulants in these experiments. Prepared meal baits of RH 787 gave excellent results in laboratory trials; however this preparation failed to control pine voles in field plots.
Toxicity of Homogenized Leaves of Woody and Herbaceous Plants to Root Lesion Nematodes in Water and in Soil1
Authors: Miller P. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The leaf homogenate (LH) most toxic in soil to Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood & Oteifa was of white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Other toxic LH were of dogwood (Cornus florida L.), red oak (Quercus borealis Michx. f. maxima (Marsh) Ashe, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis Sreb. & Zucc.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), geranium (Geranium maculatum L.) and bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Sodium nitrate at 100 mg/kg of soil increased the toxicity of new pine needles and new oak leaves. Some LH were toxic in water but not in soil. Acetone powders of some tree leaves were toxic. Some products of decay or organic matter or closely related and easily available compounds were toxic to another nematode, Tylenchorhynchus dubius (Bütschl:) or stylet nematode.
Effects of Nitrogen Form and Level on Ion Concentrations, Water Stress, and Blossom-end Rot Incidence in Tomato1
Authors: Pill W. G. , Lambeth V. N. , Hinckley T. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ammonium nutrition, in comparison to NO3–N nutrition, of tomato in sand culture reduced shoot growth, total and mean fruit weight, fruit number, leaf xylem pressure potential, leaf CA, Mg, and NO3 concentration, and normal fruit Ca, Mg, K, and NO3 concentration. Leaf diffusive resistance, leaf NH4 concentration, and blossom-end rot incidence were increased by NH4–N nutrition. Increasing substrate NO3 level increased shoot growth, fruit number per plant, and fruit NO3 concentration. Increasing substrate NH4 level increased leaf diffusive resistance, and leaf xylem pressure potential, but had no effect on shoot growth. Under both N forms, increasing N level did not affect fruit yield or normal fruit Ca, K, or P concentration, but decreased leaf Ca, Mg, and P concentration, and increased normal fruit Mg. Blossom-end rot occurred only under NH4–N nutrition. Affected fruit had lower Ca, Mg, NO3, and NH4 concentration and higher fruit K/Ca ratio. Fruit condition exerted no effect on fruit P or K concentration.
Plant and Soil Effects of Fertilizer and Lime Applied to Highbush Blueberries1
Authors: Cummings George A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Changes in pH and concentration of P, K, Ca and Mg in the soil were monitored during an 8-year period in a blueberry field cleared for cultivation just prior to establishment. The influence of 3 rates of N, P, K and 2 rates of lime upon these parameters, yield, and foliar elemental levels of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Wolcott) were determined. Soil pH increased from 3.7 to 4.1 during the study when lime was not applied. Application of N and K increased and P decreased soil pH. Foliar N, P and K reflected the amount applied, but foliar concentration of Ca and Mg was influenced in only 3 years by application of dolomitic lime. Yield was increased by the intermediate level of K (47 kg/ha) and the intermediate and high levels of P (25 and 50 kg/ha) compared with the O rates. Yield was not increased by N above the base rate of 34 kg/ha. Bush mortality was increased by high levels of N (168 kg/ha), P (50 kg/ha) and K (94 kg/ha) compared to the O rates. Increasing N or P delayed but K hastened fruit ripening. Lime application did not influence yield. The effect of treatments upon certain foliar micronutrients are presented and discussed.
Water Relations in Apple Seedlings: Changes in Water Potential Components, Abscisic Acid Levels and Stomatal Conductances under Irrigated and Non-irrigated Conditions1
Authors: Davies Frederick S. , Lakso Alan N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stomatal conductance, abscisic acid levels, and water potential components (water, osmotic, and rurgor potentials) were measured in irrigated and non-irrigated open pollinated seedlings of ‘Northern Spy’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Although non-irrigated seedlings typically displayed water potentials of 0.2 to 0.6 MPa lower than those of irrigated seedlings, turgor potentials remained comparable in both groups, Because diurnal osmotic adjustment was also greater for non-irrigated seedlings. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the leaf increased linearly in response to changes in leaf turgor, rather than water potential. Stomatal conductance was independent of bulk leaf ABA levels and was poorly correlated with leaf turgor potential above a critical value of 0.7 MPa.
The Effects of Wind and Wind-Plus-Sand on Tomato Plants1
Authors: Precheur Robert , Greig J. K. , Armbrust D. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were exposed to winds of 1,340 cm/sec (for 10 and 20 minutes) and wind-plus-sand (10 and 20 minutes; abrasive flux rate, 6 g/cm per minute). Exposing plants to wind alone for 10 and 20 minutes had no effect on stem or leaf anatomy, although 20 minute winds caused desiccated lesions on leaves. Tomatoes, sandblasted for 10 or 20 minutes, developed a secondary endodermis under wounded tissue with wound periderm developing 2 days after wind treatment. Leaf, palisade cell, and leaf midrib thicknesses in plants exposed to 20 minutes of wind-plus-sand were greater than those of the controls. Stems of plants sandblasted for 20 minutes developed an elongated layer of chlorenchyma below the epidermis 21 days after exposure; the layer was doubled that of the controls. Dry weight and net photosynthetic rates were reduced significantly in all plants by all treatments compared with controls except on day 1 after plants were exposed to wind for 10 minutes. Net photosynthetic rates were not significantly different 5 days after treatment, and net respiration rates were not significantly different on either day 1 or 5.
The Structure of Processed Pine Bark1
Authors: Airhart D. L. , Natarella N. J. , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The external surfaces and internal structures of particles of milled pine bark (Pinus taeda L. and P. elliottii Engelm.) were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Numerous external openings, cracked cell walls and internal cellular connections, that might allow water penetration were observed. Periderm surfaces were without pores, and contained rough surfaces and apparently waxy substances that might resist water penetration or absorption.