bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGM/C Complications
Authors: Abdulcadir Jasmine , Guedj Noémie Sachs , Yaron Michal , Abdulcadir Omar , Albert Juliet , Caillet Martin , Catania Lucrezia , Creighton Sarah M. , Deguette Céline , Dubuc Elise , Earp Brian D. , Essén Birgitta , Hodes Deborah , Marcusan Adriana Kaplan , Mishori Ranit , Ottenheimer Deborah , Richard Fabienne , Sy Aida , Touré Moustapha , Valladolid Amelia , Vercoutere Anneke , Vissandjée Bilkis , Young Janine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFGM/C type IIIb in a 16-month old girl from Mali (a, b), admitted with acute retention of urine and acute renal failure, Mali.
Introducing the Quest for an Explanation
Authors: Loke Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContemporary formulations of the Teleological Argument (TA) and Kalām Cosmological Argument (KCA) involve considerations of both philosophy and scientific cosmology. Against scientism, cosmologist George Ellis observes, with respect to the criteria for a good scientific theory (internal consistency, explanatory power, etc.), that ‘these criteria are philosophical in nature in that they themselves cannot be proven to be correct by any experiment. Rather their choice is based on past experience combined with philosophical reflection’. In view of the importance of philosophical considerations, cosmologists should not merely construct models of the universe without considering the philosophical problems associated with certain models, such as problems concerning the traversing of an actual infinite and the violation of the Causal Principle. This book develops these arguments in engagement with modern science. Against the New Verificationism proposed by Ladyman et al., I show that mathematics and the laws of logic are both necessary for science and yet also knowable a priori. The necessity of the laws of logic implies that the conclusion of a deductively valid argument from true premises must be true, and I shall show in this book that the KCA-TA is such an argument. I note that a number of objections to the TA and KCA can be addressed by combining them, and I provide a new formulation of the KCA-TA.
Causation and Laws of Nature
Authors: Loke Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI define the key terms of the Causal Principle, namely ‘whatever’, ‘begins to exist’, and ‘cause’, and the related terms ‘time’, ‘eternal’, ‘event’, ‘change’, ‘perdurantism’, and ‘uncaused’. In particular, something has a beginning if it has a temporal extension, the extension is finite, and it has temporal edges/boundaries, that is, it does not have a static closed loop or a changeless/timeless phase that avoids an edge. This definition is compatible with both dynamic and static theories of time. While causal eliminativists and causal reductionists have claimed that causation has no basis in fundamental physics others have replied that fundamental physics does not provide a complete description of reality, and that it does not exclude causation and causal properties which operate at a more fundamental level as the ground of the regularities described by fundamental physics (Weaver, Fundamental Causation: Physics, Metaphysics, and the Deep Structure of the World. London: Routledge, 2019). Quantum physics has not shown that the Causal Principle is violated given that (1) quantum particles emerge from the quantum vacuum which is not non-being but something with vacuum fields, (2) radioactive disintegration of atomic nuclei exhibit statistical regularities that strongly indicate the existence of more fundamental ordered causes, and (3) many different interpretations of quantum physics exist, and some are perfectly deterministic.
Arguments for the Causal Principle
Authors: Loke Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI develop an argument for the Causal Principle: If x begins uncaused, y would also begin uncaused, which is not the case; therefore, the antecedent is not the case, and reply to objections by Oppy, Almeida, Linford, and others. I refute the claim that x (the initial state of reality: ISOR) begins uncaused as brute fact, and I refute the claim that pre-existing abstract objects provide the required metaphysical grounding. I demonstrate that there isn’t any concrete object that can provide the required grounding because (i) there would not be any causally antecedent condition which would make it the case that x rather than y (e.g. electric fields increasing in strength; energy-conserving changes) begins uncaused, (ii) the properties of x and the properties of y which differentiate between them would be had by them only when they had already begun to exist, and (iii) the circumstance is compatible with the beginning of y. I also defended an alternative Modus Tollens argument which shows that if x (e.g. our spacetime block) begins uncaused, then some other possible spacetime blocks (e.g. y) would also begin uncaused initially and collide with ours, causing massive disruption, which is not the case; therefore, the antecedent is not the case.
Ultimate Designer
Authors: Loke Andrew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractI explain how philosophy, science and theology can continue to work together concerning the issue of ultimate origins. In reply to the objection that we should try to find a scientific explanation rather than accepting the conclusion of design, the KCA-TA demonstrates that the ultimate explanation cannot be a scientific one, because the first event must have been brought about by a First Cause with libertarian freedom and not by a mechanism describable by a law of nature. Moreover, the KCA-TA is not a God-of-the-gaps argument because it is not based on gaps in our understanding which can be filled by further progress in science. Rather, the KCA-TA is based on reasons. For example, it is because there are reasons for thinking that an infinite regress of causes is impossible, therefore there must be a First Cause. While the progress of science would generate newer theories to explain various aspects of the physical world, it would not replace the First Cause (Creator) as the ultimate explanation for why the physical world exists in the first place, as demonstrated by the KCA-TA.
Introduction: Learning, Philosophy and African Citizenship
Authors: Holma Katariina , Kontinen Tiina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we offer a background to the edited volume, the research project that produced it and its content—a series of investigations of the contested notions of citizenship and learning, and their interconnections. We set the agenda for exploring citizenship and learning as defined in philosophical traditions, and as experienced and described in selected locations in Tanzania and Uganda, and also introduce the contributions from the perspectives of both citizenship and conceptualizing learning.
Citizenship as Equaliberty Practice in the Philosophy of Étienne Balibar
Authors: Hanovská Lenka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an interpretation of Balibar’s concept of citizenship introduced in his major philosophical works Citizenship (2015) and Equaliberty: political essays (2014). It is an effort to bring up a positive shape of citizenship out of Balibar’s philosophy even though it resists a positive conceptualization as a critique. This chapter departs from the meaning of negativity and antinomy in Balibar’s oeuvres, continues via interpretation of historical events which have shaped citizenship in Balibar’s perspective, and finally results in a positive assumption about citizenship defined as a form of historical practice which opposes the institutionalized realms in order to install an equal community in changing historical conditions. Balibar’s reflections on citizenship occur especially in relation to a universal community, an envisaged aim of modernity and a condition of possibility of a contemporary globalized world.
Communities and Habits of Citizenship: Everyday Participation in Kondoa, Tanzania
Authors: Nguyahambi Ajali M. , Kontinen Tiina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter contributes to the debates concerning contextualized conceptualizations of citizenship. Based on the work of pragmatist philosopher John Dewey, it offers a definition of citizenship as constructed in everyday communities in the course of taking care of shared issues. Further, it examines the habits of citizenship that are both acquired and reformulated in the processes of participation in these communities. The empirical example of villages in Kondoa District, Tanzania illustrates the diverse communities in which inhabitants participate, and the kinds of habits acquired. Six types of communities, the village community, cultural groups, religious groups, self-help groups, economic groups and civil society organizations’ groups were identified. Further, six categories of citizenship habits emerged including political citizenship, engaging citizenship, economic citizenship, cultural citizenship, responsible citizenship and moral citizenship.
Introduction
Authors: Kröger Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis opening chapter introduces the purpose and the objectives of the book as well as its structure. The purpose of the book is to highlight the critical importance of adequate care and to help direct the attention of researchers and policy-makers to the question of whether or not older people who need care in their everyday lives actually receive such support. A stream of gerontological literature has analysed the unmet needs of older populations, but the knowledge that it has produced has remained highly fragmented. The first main objective of this volume is to make an inventory of these earlier studies and summarise their main findings. Earlier research on unmet needs has rarely been connected with research on social inequalities and welfare state policies, and in order to build these connections, this book argues that a new conceptual starting point is needed. The second main objective of the book is to introduce and employ the concept of care poverty as such a novel approach.
Concept of Care Poverty
Authors: Kröger Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of care poverty and suggests it as a key approach for research and policy-making on care for older people. The concept combines and connects three different strands of research literature: gerontological studies that focus on functional limitations and unmet needs, feminist social policy scholarship that has introduced concepts like care regimes and care deficit, and research on poverty and social inequality. The chapter describes how the concept of care poverty is also inspired by Raiz’s term of health care poverty. Care poverty is defined as the deprivation of adequate coverage of care needs resulting from interplay between individual and societal factors. It is further described as a situation where people in need of care do not receive sufficient assistance from either informal or formal sources. The mission of the concept of care poverty is to help identify inequalities in access to adequate care and to contribute to the creation of policies that can eradicate these inequalities.
Framework of Care Poverty
Authors: Kröger Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter outlines a framework around the concept of care poverty. This framework is based on three domains of care poverty and two measurement approaches. The three domains are personal care poverty, practical care poverty, and socio-emotional care poverty. Personal care poverty means inadequate support for personal care needs like bathing and toileting. Practical care poverty stands for a lack of help in meeting practical care needs like cleaning, shopping, and transportation. Socio-emotional care poverty is deprivation of support for emotional and social needs. Concerning measurement approaches, care poverty is measured mainly in two ways. The situation where an older person has care needs but does not receive any formal or informal support is called as absolute care poverty. Alternatively, if an older person with care needs self-reports (or is reported by proxy respondents) not to receive sufficient support, the situation is called relative care poverty, irrespective of whether the person receives informal or formal care or not. When combined, the three domains and the two measurement approaches produce six different categories of care poverty.
Conclusions
Authors: Kröger Teppo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis final chapter sums up the key findings and arguments of the book and highlights its lessons for policy and research. The main argument of the book has been that it should become a primary issue for researchers and policy-makers whether older people receive the help they need. Long-term care systems need to be evaluated based not just on their expenditures and service provisions but on their impact in older people’s lives. The book has described and summarised the state of the art in research on unmet care needs, but it has also suggested a new framework, based on the novel concept of care poverty. The book understands care poverty as a dimension of inequality in its own right, not only as a reflection of poverty or other social inequalities. Care poverty needs to be seen in its societal and policy contexts, which requires social policy analysis and inequality research to be combined with the study of unmet care needs. The book ends with a statement that overcoming care poverty means protecting the fundamental human right to dignity and a decent life.
Java Serialization
Authors: Pawlaszczyk Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJava Serialization is a popular technique for storing object states in the Java programming language. In the field of mobile forensics, we come across such artefacts. App developers very often resort to this technique to make their application state persistent. Serialization is also used when transferring data over a network between two Java applications using Remote Method Invocation(RMI). In the past, there have been recurring security issues associated with this technology. Despite its importance for forensic casework, one can hardly find any literature on this topic. In this chapter, we give an insight into the binary format. For this purpose, special features of the format are presented using an example. In addition to the actual protocol structure, basic steps for acquiring such data and analyzing it will be discussed. Practical hints for searching serials are given. Finally, the security issues are addressed.
Introduction
Authors: Winkle Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith regard to safe product development in the dilemma between Artificial Intelligence, ethics and legal risk, Prof. Dr.-Ing. MBA Thomas Winkle first provides a meta-analysis on safety assessment based on accident data examples to show possible definitions of safety benefits and risk. With more than 20 years of research and consulting at three automobile manufacturers, Thomas Winkle also points to disasters from nuclear power plant accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. Further comparisons between global mortality rates of women and men to life expectancy of different countries of the world compared to the traffic mortality sensitize for ethical relevance and accepted risk today.As the first of its kind, the scientific analysis in this book uses one example to analyze all police-reported traffic accidents nationwide in Saxony (1.28 million) over a 10-year period. Relevant examples highlight technical, ethical, and legal requirements for the development and production of automated vehicles with image recognition and Artificial Intelligence. The inclusion of highly sensitive international court rulings and growing consumer expectations make the book a helpful guide for product development from the initial idea to market launch. Qualitative interviews within the development departments of automobile manufacturers show how a structured guideline-based process with expert feedback loops increases product quality in terms of safety in use and functional safety. Finally, there follows a development guide with a checklist of 101 questions on the requirements that contribute to the duty of care in the development of automated vehicles and fulfill the highest court rulings on product liability.
Qualitative Interviews with Developers
Authors: Winkle Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe previous chapters indicate that development approaches using innovative technology or Artificial Intelligence must be reviewed against the background of the increasing demands on interdisciplinary project teams as well as the growing complexity of functions. Interviews with engineers, executive managers and a psychologist from the development department of automobile manufacturers show that a structured guided process increases quality in respect of operational and functional safety. The surveys were conducted using the example of the “Code of Practice for the Design and Evaluation of ADAS” including ISO 26262 requirements. It focused on 1. Success and/or failure of guided development projects; 2. Different perceptions, expectations, ideas and conceptions about the optimal development process; 3. Liability-based product responsibility of the developers and 4. general developer’s attitude to the development process. As one of the insightful results, a practice-oriented guideline with supportive advice “forces” all participants involved in the product development process to sit around a table introducing and discussing their different aspects in a structured way. Through the surveys, the developers were sensitized to the advantages of a guideline-based development process. Often the employees themselves are the best advisors. Each expert contributes to the development of a reliable system through their special field of expertise. The developers concerned are the most aware of the weaknesses and can initiate innovations in companies from the “bottom-up”. A final consulting concept (checklist with 101 questions in Annex B) includes guidelines and requirements and will support the efficient, user-friendly development of new automated vehicle functions.
Spiele mit Expert*innensystemen
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer erste Teil dieses Kapitels dient der Entwicklung und Operationalisierung eines Forschungsrahmens für die Untersuchung des Umgangs mit Software als Mittel und Resultat von Kontrollversuchen. Ziel ist es, bei solchen Untersuchungen einerseits sichtbar zu machen, wie über Modelle Kontrolle über Unsicherheiten, die beim Umgang mit Software entstehen, zwischen sozialen Prozessen verschoben wird, andererseits aber auch die Grenzen dieser Kontrollverschiebung im Blick zu behalten. Beides, Kontrollversuche und ihre Grenzen, können als Ausdruck der Performativität von Software betrachtet werden. Im zweiten Teil des Kapitels werden Forschungsdesign und Methodik der empirischen Untersuchung vorgestellt, mit der ich in Kapitel 4 vorführe, wie soziologische Forschung aussehen kann, in der die Performativität von Software fokussiert wird.
Zur Soziologie der Software
Authors: Ametowobla Dzifa 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungZu Beginn dieser Arbeit habe ich mir vorgenommen, eine soziologische Perspektive auf Software zu skizzieren, aus der heraus verständlich wird, wie Software in das Verhältnis von sozialem Handeln und sozialer Ordnung eingebettet ist. Mit diesem Rückblick zeige ich, wie die von mir skizzierte Soziologie der Software Schwierigkeiten von Individuen (wie die durch Software beeinflussten Arbeitsbedingungen in der Sanusklinik) und Probleme der Allgemeinheit (wie den Wandel der Gesellschaft durch Digitalisierung) zueinander in Beziehung setzt und wie Soziolog*innen, die den Umgang mit Software aus dieser Perspektive untersuchen, dadurch in die Lage versetzt werden, in ihren Ergebnissen Handlungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen, mit denen Schwierigkeiten und Probleme angegangen werden könnten.
Einleitung
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Thema Arbeitsstress findet seit längerem regelmäßig Beachtung in der öffentlichen Debatte. Dies ist zum einen darauf zurückzuführen, dass Stress gravierende negative Auswirkungen auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit von Arbeitnehmern hat und somit zu Nachteilen für Individuen, Unternehmen und Gesellschaft führen kann. Zum anderen haben das subjektive Stressempfinden und die Zahl der psychischen Erkrankungen in den meisten Berufs- und Bevölkerungsgruppen in den letzten Jahrzehnten stetig zugenommen, weshalb das öffentliche Interesse anhält.
Begriffliche und konzeptionelle Grundlagen
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff ‚Stress‘ kommt aus dem Englischen und lässt sich mit ‚Anspannung‘ oder ‚Druck‘ übersetzen. Er beschreibt einen subjektiv unangenehmen Zustand, in dem ebenjene Anspannung bzw. jener Druck empfunden wird.In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur wird in der Regel zwischen Stressoren und Stressreaktionen unterschieden, die in der Alltagssprache häufig vermischt und unter dem Begriff ‚Stress‘ zusammengefasst verwendet werden.
Implikationen für die quantitative Studie
Authors: Klingenberg Ingo 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer empirische Forschungsprozess der vorliegenden Arbeit setzt sich aus einer qualitativen und einer quantitativen personenzentrierten Analyse zusammen (vgl. 3.2.3). Dieses Kapitel dient zur ersten Evaluation der empirischen Vorüberlegungen, die in den Abschnitten 3.2.1 bis 3.2.3 zusammengentragen wurden, vor dem Hintergrund der Erkenntnisse aus der vorangehenden Analyse in Kapitel 4. Dabei soll der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob und inwiefern Anpassungen des weiteren Forschungsprozesses nötig sind
Factorization connecting continuum & lattice TMDs
Authors: Ebert Markus A. , Schindler Stella T. , Stewart Iain W. , Zhao Yong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) can be studied from first principles by a perturbative matching onto lattice-calculable quantities: so-called lattice TMDs, which are a class of equal-time correlators that includes quasi-TMDs and TMDs in the Lorentz-invariant approach. We introduce a general correlator that includes as special cases these two Lattice TMDs and continuum TMDs, like the Collins scheme. Then, to facilitate the derivation of a factorization relation between lattice and continuum TMDs, we construct a new scheme, the Large Rapidity (LR) scheme, intermediate between the Collins and quasi-TMDs. The LR and Collins schemes differ only by an order of limits, and can be matched onto one another by a multiplicative kernel. We show that this same matching also holds between quasi and Collins TMDs, which enables us to prove a factorization relation between these quantities to all orders in αs. Our results imply that there is no mixing between various quark flavors or gluons when matching Collins and quasi TMDs, making the lattice calculation of individual flavors and gluon TMDs easier than anticipated. We cross-check these results explicitly at one loop and discuss implications for other physical-to-lattice scheme factorizations.
Irrelevant operators and their holographic anomalies
Authors: Broccoli Matteo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Irrelevant operators in a CFT modify the usual Weyl transformation of the metric. A metric beta-function turns on, which modifies the Weyl anomalies as well. In this paper, we study the relation between bulk diffeomorphisms and Weyl transformation at the boundary when a massive scalar field, which sources irrelevant operators at the boundary, is coupled to the bulk metric. Considering the effect of the backreaction generated by the scalar field, we provide a holographic description of the boundary metric beta-function and anomalies. Our results represent an additional test of the AdS/CFT correspondence.