bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’Union européenne et les limites de la gouvernance administrative supranationale : de la crise de la zone euro à la réponse au coronavirus
Authors: Lindseth Peter , Fasone Cristina 
Published: February 2022

L’UE se trouve aujourd’hui inconfortablement située à la frontière entre la gouvernance administrative et le constitutionnalisme supranational. À ce jour, cependant, la réticence des États membres à doter l’UE d’un pouvoir autonome de mobilisation obligatoire des ressources fiscales et humaines a jeté un doute sérieux sur le caractère constitutionnel autonome de l’UE. Le caractère fracturé entre les États membres de la « constitution métabolique » de l’UE, c’est-à-dire la manière polycentrique dont les ressources sont mobilisées aux fins de l’intégration européenne, laisse l’UE incapable de transcender ses propres limites socio-juridiques et socio-institutionnelles en tant que forme de gouvernance administrative. La limite la plus fondamentale découle de la déconnexion entre le pouvoir et la légitimité, c’est-à-dire l’attribution répétée d’un pouvoir réglementaire aux institutions européennes, sans que l’UE ne bénéficie de la légitimité démocratique et constitutionnelle nécessaire pour soutenir l’exercice de ces pouvoirs par une mobilisation autonome des ressources. Cette contribution explore comment la rupture de ce nécessaire « lien pouvoir-légitimité » s’est manifestée dans la gouvernance de l’UE au cours de la dernière décennie, surtout dans la crise de la zone euro. Nous examinons ensuite si la réponse à la pandémie de coronavirus (le plus important, l’instrument de relance Next Generation EU ) peut constituer un changement de paradigme – une « phase critique » ( critical juncture ) – dans la constitution métabolique « fracturée » de l’UE. En conclusion, nous considérons ce qui pourrait être nécessaire pour dépasser, dans la gouvernance européenne, la délimitation existante entre le pouvoir administratif et le pouvoir constitutionnel.
Ce que la théorie des champs nous dit de l’administration européenne (II) : les transformations du champ bureaucratique européen (2000-2020)
Authors: Georgakakis Didier 
Published: February 2022

Cet article constitue le deuxième volet de l’analyse du champ bureaucratique européen développée en lien avec le sujet de ce numéro thématique. Dans la première partie, nous avons cherché à mieux expliciter le concept de champ bureaucratique sur le plan théorique et la perspective qu’il ouvre pour étudier les institutions européennes. Au-delà de son apport immédiat pour éclairer le profil des acteurs institutionnels clefs, la sociologie du champ de l’eurocratie traite des institutions européennes comme d’un espace de relations humaines tout autant qu’institutionnelles. Ce faisant, elle met en lumière un ensemble de structures sociologiques qui agissent comme une condition des pratiques et des relations de coopération et d’autorité très concrètes au sein de la machine administrativo-politique à fabriquer du compromis que sont les institutions et le milieu plus général qu’elles représentent. Tout en montrant les apports possibles de cette perspective, la première partie apporte également quelques précisions de méthode et limites utiles pour faire fonctionner cette grille d’analyse en complémentarité avec d’autres. Dans cette deuxième partie, nous n’en développeront pas les conséquences pour l’analyse des politiques publiques européennes singulières dont l’espace est à construire au cas par cas (sur ces aspects, Ponte et al. , 2017 ; Bigo, 2018 ; Roger, 2020 ; Georgakakis, 2022). Nous nous concentrerons sur ce que cette grille lecture nous dit des transformations de moyen terme et plus récentes du champ administratif européen sous sa forme générique et depuis son centre bruxellois.
Les années Juncker : un bilan économique et social de la Commission européenne 2014-2019
Authors: Tholoniat Luc 
Published: February 2022

Les années 2014-2019 suivent et précèdent les deux pires crises économiques que l’Union européenne ait jamais connues : la « grande crise financière » du tournant des années 2010 et la « grande crise sanitaire » de l’année 2020. Au cours des cinq années du mandat de Jean-Claude Juncker à la présidence de la Commission européenne, les priorités, doctrines et pratiques ont profondément évolué au niveau européen. Dans un contexte qualifié parfois de « polycrise », ou bien perçu uniquement au prisme du Brexit, les performances économiques et sociales se sont améliorées et les politiques européennes ont pris de nouvelles inflexions. Ces changements ont contribué à tourner la page des crises précédentes et pourront servir de jalons à l’avenir.
Indépendance institutionnelle, concentration des pouvoirs et changements administratifs à la Banque centrale européenne
Authors: Bowles Carlos , Dufour Julien 
Published: February 2022

La BCE jouit d’une indépendance très forte et simultanément de pouvoirs importants. Si ces pouvoirs ont surtout été étudiés du point de vue de ses compétences, de son processus de décision politique et de ses organes centraux (président/e, directoire, Conseil des gouverneurs, etc.), cet article pointe une dynamique proprement administrative qui a contribué au renforcement de la BCE. Face à la concentration du pouvoir qui a résulté non seulement du statut mais aussi d’une interprétation extensive que l’institution a faite de son indépendance, des contre-pouvoirs internes ont émergé. Par une forme de « ruse de la raison publique », ces derniers ont contribué aux changements de l’administration de la banque dans un processus continu jusqu’à la période récente. L’article détaille certaines des transformations administratives qui en ont résulté.
Les « événements de vie » : une comparaison des enquêtes menées en France et en Allemagne sur la complexité des démarches administratives
Authors: Kühnhenrich Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Les enquêtes « événements de vie » (EdV) examinent la complexité des démarches administratives perçue par les particuliers en France et en Allemagne et font partie des efforts gouvernementaux en matière de simplification. Pour 2018-2019, les résultats indiquent une perception similaire : en France, 25 % des personnes jugent les démarches compliquées contre 28 % en Allemagne. Cependant, on constate une grande différence pour les EdV liés à la déclaration des impôts, la naissance d’un. e enfant, la précarité financière, la perte d’un emploi et les démarches concernant les véhicules. Ainsi, les enquêtes offrent une méthode et une référence utiles pour identifier les meilleures pratiques.
La politique de transformation publique de 2017 à 2021
Authors: Chevallier Jacques 
Published: February 2022

S’inscrivant dans la perspective plus large d’une réforme de l’État, qui comporte d’autres aspects et dont elle est indissociable, la politique de « transformation publique » déployée après 2017 a entendu promouvoir un « État plus proche, plus simple, plus efficace ». Si sa mise en œuvre a été perturbée par une succession d’événements qui ont entraîné un infléchissement de la démarche, elle n’en devrait pas moins contribuer à faire évoluer le modèle français d’État.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains Induce Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production via ERK1/2-Activated AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos) and IKK/NF-κB p65 Cascades
Authors: Nakayama Masaaki , Naito Mariko , Omori Kazuhiro , Ono Shintaro , Nakayama Koji , Ohara Naoya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is commonly known as one of the major pathogens contributing to periodontitis, and its persistent infection may increase the risk for the disease. The proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/PGE2, are closely associated with progression of periodontitis. In this study, we focused on the cysteine protease “gingipains,” lysine-specific gingipain, arginine-specific gingipain (Rgp) A, and RgpB, produced by P. gingivalis, and used the wild-type strain and several gene-deletion mutants (rgpA, rgpB, kgp, and fimA) to elucidate the involvement of gingipains in COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. We infected human monocytes, which are THP-1 cells and primary monocytes, with these bacterial strains and found that gingipains were involved in induction of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. We have shown that the protease activity of gingipains was crucial for these events by using gingipain inhibitors. Furthermore, activation of ERK1/2 and IκB kinase was required for gingipain-induced COX-2 expression/PGE2 production, and these kinases activated two transcription factors, c-Jun/c-Fos (AP-1) and NF-κB p65, respectively. In particular, these data suggest that gingipain-induced c-Fos expression via ERK is essential for AP-1 formation with c-Jun, and activation of AP-1 and NF-κB p65 plays a central role in COX-2 expression/PGE2 production. Thus, we show the (to our knowledge) novel finding that gingipains with the protease activity from P. gingivalis induce COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via activation of MEK/ERK/AP-1 and IκB kinase/NF-κB p65 in human monocytes. Hence it is likely that gingipains closely contribute to the inflammation of periodontal tissues.
Posthysterectomy malignant pelvic masses – A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Jethani Roma , Patra Sharda , Barmon Debabrata , Chhangte Zirsangliana , Baruah Upasana , Begum Dimpy , Kataki Amal Chandra 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Pelvic masses following hysterectomy are common findings in Gynecologic Oncology centers. Incomplete preoperative evaluation, inadequate surgery (subtotal hysterectomy/only hysterectomy without salpingo-oophorectomy in postmenopausal women), and delay in histopathological diagnosis are few reasons for missing out on malignant etiologies. The diagnostic dilemma exists because of unknown primary malignancy. This study aims to highlight the various pathologies that present as pelvic masses after hysterectomy and their management based on histopathological examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) markers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a retrospective analysis of all women who presented in 1-year duration (January 2019–December 2019) to the gynecologic oncology department with pelvic mass and prior history of hysterectomy done outside. The data of these women were critically analyzed in regard to their demographic profile, preoperative and postoperative characteristics, histopathological and IHC markers of pelvic mass, management of the disease, and their outcome.

RESULTS:
The total number of patients eligible for the study was 17. The median time to presentation after hysterectomy was 5 years (range: 1–20 years). The origin was female genital tract in 16 women and urothelial in 1 patient. Management options of these patients were concurrent chemoradiation/palliative radiotherapy/palliative chemotherapy/palliative care. The overall survival of these patients was dismal.

CONCLUSION:
Before proceeding with hysterectomy, thorough evaluation should be done for all patients with even minimal symptoms. Early identification of malignant disease and management by a multidisciplinary team can greatly affect the overall prognosis of the patient.
Superficial Cryotherapy versus Intralesional Corticosteroids Injection in Alopecia Areata
Authors: El Sayed Mahira Hamdy , Ibrahim Nour El-dissouki , Afify Ahmed Abdelfattah 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease leading to noncicatricial alopecia. Topical or intralesional corticosteroid (ILCS) is the accepted therapeutic option for mild cases; however, adverse effects are sometimes difficult to reverse. When the exposure to liquefied nitrogen is limited to a few seconds “superficial” cryotherapy, reactive vasodilation may improve microcirculation and nutritional status around hair follicles.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare superficial cryotherapy and ILCS in the treatment of patchy AA.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective comparative study included 21 patients with patchy AA. Every patient received superficial cryotherapy on one patch, every 2 weeks for 3 months, and ILCS injection for another patch, once monthly for 3 months.

Results:
Clinical improvement was higher in cryotherapy group compared to ILCS group with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.002). On trichoscopic evaluation, terminal hair count was improved in lesions treated with cryotherapy more than lesions treated with ILCS but without statistical significance (P = 0.595) and vellus hair count was improved in lesions treated with cryotherapy more than lesions treated with ILCS with a statistical significance (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Cryotherapy is more effective and less painful than ILCS in the treatment of patchy AA.
Trichoscopy of Pressure-Induced Alopecia and Alopecia Areata
Authors: Neema Shekhar , Vashisht Deepak , Yadav Arun K. , Sinha Anwita , Radhakrishnan S. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Pressure-induced alopecia is an uncommon type of alopecia. It can occur in both scarring as well as non-scarring form and occurs due to ischemia resulting from prolonged head immobilisation during surgery or hospitalisation. The patchy hair loss generally involves convexities of scalp specially vertex and occiput. The hair loss is usually noticed 3 -28 days after the inciting event and regrowth of hair occurs between 1 – 4 months.

Objective:
To describe trichoscopic features of pressure alopecia and compare it with the closest differential, alopecia areata.

Methodology:
It is a retrospective observational study. Trichoscopic features of six cases of pressure alopecia seen during the study period were compared with alopecia areata and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

Results:
The study had 30 cases, six cases of pressure alopecia and 24 cases of alopecia areata. The mean age of patients with pressure alopecia and alopecia areata was 45.16 and 29.08 years respectively. Comedone- like black dots, black dots and area of scarring were statistically significant for pressure alopecia while exclamation mark hairs were significant for alopecia areata.

Conclusion:
Trichoscopy is a non-invasive test for diagnosis of alopecia and “Comedone-like black dots” are unique trichoscopic feature of pressure alopecia.
Tailbone
Authors: Jhaveri Subir Nipunbhai , Patel Arth , Patel Sachin R. , Jhaveri Sharan S. , Yagnik Jignasu 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Complete coccygectomy has proved to be a successful operation, with a success ratio of 70%–85%. Wound infection and dehiscence following coccygectomy ranges between 15% and 30%. The purpose of this article was to present improved outcomes following partial coccygectomy and to suggest modifications to mitigate wound complications.

Methods:
Seventeen patients (13 women and 4 men) underwent partial coccygectomy using a curved paramedian incision after failing nonoperative care for minimum of 6 months over the last 8 years. Twelve of these were posttraumatic, whereas five were of idiopathic origin. Patients were barred from sitting or sleeping supine for 2 weeks following the surgery. The use of water for cleaning post-defecation was also prohibited. Visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), along with a novel Coccyx Disability Questionnaire (CDQ) as well as a truncated ODI (Coccyx Disability Index – CDI) were administered preoperatively, at 6 months and then at last follow-up. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used as variables were nonparametric.

Results:
Fifteen patients completed questionnaires at a mean follow-up period of 68 months. Fourteen (93.33%) patients had good-to-excellent outcomes. VAS sitting improved from 9.27 to 0.79 (P = 0.001) and ODI improved from 68.89 to 8.27 (P = 0.001) postoperatively. Novel CDQ scores improved from 7.33 to 1.12 (P = 0.001) and CDI scores improved from 84.56 to 6.44 (P = 0.001). We compared outcomes of our partial coccygectomy cohort with those of complete or partial coccygectomy in literature, and found equivalent or superior results. Three (20%) of our patients developed wound infections, with only one (6.67%) requiring revision surgery, while the other two recovered with dressings.

Conclusion:
Partial coccygectomy provides equivalent or superior outcomes, compared to complete coccygectomy. Postoperative modifications for 2 weeks help mitigate wound complications. The proposed novel CDQ can be used by surgeons across the globe, once validated.
On the homotopy and strong homotopy type of complexes of discrete Morse functions
Authors: Donovan Connor , Lin Maxwell , Scoville Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we determine the homotopy types of the Morse complexes of certain collections of simplicial complexes by studying dominating vertices or strong collapses. We show that if K contains two leaves that share a common vertex, then its Morse complex is strongly collapsible and hence has the homotopy type of a point. We also show that the pure Morse complex of a tree is strongly collapsible, thereby recovering as a corollary a result of Ayala et al. (2008, Topology and Its Applications 155, 2084–2089). In addition, we prove that the Morse complex of a disjoint union
$K\sqcup L$
is the Morse complex of the join
$K*L$
. This result is used to compute the homotopy type of the Morse complex of some families of graphs, including Caterpillar graphs, as well as the automorphism group of a disjoint union for a large collection of disjoint complexes.
Difficulté de la prise en charge de l’accident de décompression : à propos d’un cas vécu au Cameroun
Authors: NGom Stéphanie Esthelle Geneviève Minka , Kenmegne Caroline , Fogha Valentin Fokouo , Kuifo Cedric , Njock Louis Richard 
Published: February 2022

Decompression illness is a rare complication of scuba diving. We report the case of a 29-year-old military man who was admitted to Emergency Department of General Hospital Douala a few minutes after a diving exercise, with complete dysphagia, dysphonia, rotatory vertigo, gait and balance disorder, and severe neck pain radiating along the back. After an emergency treatment, check-ups revealed a cerebral-medullary infarction which confirms the diagnosis of severe decompression sickness. In the lack of hyperbaric oxygen, the patient received normobaric oxygen therapy, antiplatelet agent, hyperhydration and physiotherapy.
Les accidents de décompression (ADD) sont des complications rares au décours d’une plongée sous-marine. Nous rapportons le cas d’un militaire de 29 ans admis aux urgences de l’Hôpital Général Douala (HGD) quelques minutes après un exercice de plongée et qui a présenté une dysphagie complète, une dysphonie, des vertiges rotatoires, un trouble de la marche et de l’équilibre et des vives douleurs cervicales irradiant le long du dos. Après une prise en charge en urgence des bilans faits ont révélé un infarctus cérébromédullaire qui confirme le diagnostic d’accident de décompression sévère. En l’absence de l’oxygène hyperbare, le patient a été mis sous oxygénothérapie normobare, antiagrégant plaquettaire, hyperhydratation et physiothérapie.
Protective effect of huperzine A against isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage in rats via regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Lili , Wang Fengnian 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the cardioprotective effect of huperzine A (Hup A) against isoproterenol (ISO)- induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats.
Methods: Forty healthy male rats were divided into 4 groups. Control rats received only saline. Rats in Hup A group were injected with Hup A (0.5 mg/kg) only; ISO-treated MI rats were injected with ISO, while ISO + Hup A rats were pre-treated with Hup A prior to ISO exposure and again treated with Hup A. Lipid levels, antioxidant status, cardiac markers, as well as the proteins associated with the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway were determined.
Results: Pre- and post-treatment with Hup A resulted in marked reductions in cardiac markers, heart weight, lipid peroxidation product (MDA), and lipid levels, along with improved antioxidant enzyme activities (p < 0.01). Rats treated with Hup A displayed normal cardiac fibrillar structure, relative to ISO- treated rats. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of Akt and PI3k (pAkt/Akt and pPI3k/PI3k ratios) were significantly upregulated (p < 0.01) in Hup A treated rats.
Conclusion: Pre- and post-treatment of rats with Hup A exerted potent cardioprotective effect against ISO-induced cardiac failure in rats. Thus, Hup A can potentially be developed as adjuvant therapy in clinical practice for alleviating MI-related problems.
Effect of resveratrol on endocrine function, oocyte oxidation and apoptosis in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Huang Weiyan , Duan Lili , Wu Meiyu , Wang Lei , Wang Zhifang 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of resveratrol on endocrine function, oocyte oxidative stress and oocyte apoptosis in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: Healthy female Kunming mice (n = 180) were assigned to control, model and resveratrol groups, respectively. Changes in ovarian tissue in each group, including apoptosis of granulosa cells, were measured. Oocyte abnormal mitochondria, changes in oocyte mitochondrial membrane potential, expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-9 in oocytes evaluated. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each group were also assayed.
Results: Compared with the model group, the levels of sex hormones, ovarian cell apoptosis and abnormal mitochondria of mice in the resveratrol group were significantly reduced, while uterine weight increased (p < 0.05). The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, GPx and SOD, and ROS levels in the resveratrol group decreased significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Resveratrol significantly improves endocrine function in PCOS mice, but inhibits oocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress response. Thus, resveratrol may be useful in the treatment of PCOS but further clinical trials are required to confirm it.
Effect of papain enzyme administration in pH alteration, VEGF phosphorylation, and its impact on collagen degradation using a rat model of abnormal scarring
Authors: Wihastyoko Herman Y.L. , Soeharto Setyawati , Widjajanto Edi , Handono Kusworini , Pardjianto Bambang 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To analyze the effect of enzyme papain administration, after its injection into abnormal scars of Rattus norvegicus rats, on pH alteration (ΔpH) of scar tissue, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels, and determine their impact on collagen degradation.
Methods: This study used Rattus norvegicus as an experimental animal. The pH measurement of the scar tissue was carried out before papain injection at 12th weeks while abnormal scar was established after papain injection at 15th weeks. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined by Western blot technique, while hydroxyproline levels were measured using QuickZyme Total Collagen Assay.
Results: Changes in ΔpH, VEGF expression, and hydroxyproline levels in the treatment group were significant (p < 0.05) compared to control. Path analysis showed a direct relationship between the parameters (p < 0.01), except for the correlation between VEGF and hydroxyproline value (p = 0.23).
Conclusion: Papain enzyme administration increased ΔpH value of abnormal scar tissue. A high dose of papain also causes an increase of collagen degradation process, as a response to angiogenesis deflation.