bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meso- and microplastic distribution and spatial connections to metal contaminations in highly cultivated and urbanised floodplain soilscapes – a case study from the Nidda River (Germany)
Authors: Weber Collin J. , Opp Christian , Prume Julia A. , Koch Martin , Chifflard Peter 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFloodplain soilscapes act as temporary sinks in the environment and are nowadays affected by multiple contaminant accumulations and exposures, including different trace metals and plastics. Despite increasing knowledge about the occurrence and behaviour of plastics at the interface between aquatic and terrestrial systems, there are still major uncertainties about the spatial distribution of plastics, their sources and deposition, as well as spatial relationships with other contaminants. Our recent case study addresses these questions, using the example of a river system ranging from rural to urban areas. Based on a geospatial sampling approach we obtained data about soil properties, metal contents via ICP-MS analyses, and particle-based (171 μm – 52 mm) plastic contents, analysed using sodium chloride density separation, visual fluorescence identification and ATR-FTIR analysis. We found plastic contents of 0.00–35.82 p kg− 1 and zero to moderate metal enrichments. Levels of both contaminations occur in the lower range of known concentrations in floodplain soils and show a different spatial distribution along the river course and in the floodplain cross-section. Furthermore, we found that plastic enrichment occurs in the uppermost soil layers, while trace metal enrichment is equally distributed over depth, indicating different sources like flood dynamics and agricultural practice during different deposition periods. Finally, direct short to long-term anthropogenic impacts, like floodplain restoration or tillage may affect plastic enrichments, raising questions for future research directions within floodplain soilscapes.
Dissolution Improvement of Progesterone and Testosterone via Impregnation on Mesoporous Silica Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ajiboye Adejumoke Lara , Jacopin Amélie , Mattern Claudia , Nandi Uttom , Hurt Andrew , Trivedi Vivek 
Published: November 2022

Abstract Progesterone (PRG) and testosterone (TST) were impregnated on mesoporous silica (ExP) particles via supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing at various pressures (10–18 MPa), temperatures (308.2–328.2 K), and time (30–360 min). The impact of a co-solvent on the impregnation was also studied at the best determined pressure and temperature. The properties of the drug embedded in silica particles were analysed via gas chromatography (GC), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nitrogen adsorption. An impregnation of 1 to 82 mg/g for PRG and 0.1 to 16 mg/g for TST was obtained depending on the processing parameters. There was a significant effect of pressure, time, and co-solvent on the impregnation efficiency. Generally, an increase in time and pressure plus the use of co-solvent led to an improvement in drug adsorption. Conversely, a rise in temperature resulted in lower impregnation of both TST and PRG on ExP. There was a substantial increase in the dissolution rate (> 90% drug release within the first 2 min) of both TST and PRG impregnated in silica particles when compared to the unprocessed drugs. This dissolution enhancement was attributed to the amorphisation of both drugs due to their adsorption on mesoporous silica.
Graphical Abstract
Heterogeneous social difference in the interplay between epidemic and information spreading
Authors: Dai Jin-Ying , Li Cong , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Previous studies on epidemic-information coupled network assumed that individuals receive information with the same probability. In this work, considering imperfect vaccination and the heterogeneity of human activities, we explore a coupled susceptible-infected-vaccinated-recovered/unaware-aware-unaware (SIRV-UAU) model by introducing individual social difference into the interaction between the spread of epidemic and the diffusion of epidemic-related information. The individual social difference which indicates the heterogeneity of information diffused and accepted by individuals leads to different protective levels. The primary spreading rate and the social reinforcement strength are two decisive factors to measure the individual social difference. We find that increasing the social reinforcement strength, the primary spreading rate, or the influence factor of uploading information can promote the diffusion of information and inhibit the spread of epidemic. Specifically, compared with the social reinforcement strength and the primary spreading rate, the influence factor of individuals uploading information has a significant impact on the spread of epidemic. Furthermore, we study the effect of the reduction factor that reduces the risk of infection and the social reinforcement strength on the spread of epidemic. The results show that, when the reduction factor is smaller, the proportion of recovered individuals at the steady state decreases significantly with the increase of the social reinforcement strength.
Phase separation and aging dynamics of binary liquids in porous media
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rounak , Sen Gupta Bhaskar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We employ the state-of-the-art molecular dynamics simulations to study the kinetics of phase separation and aging phenomena of segregating binary fluid mixtures imbibed in porous materials. Different random porous structures are considered to understand the effect of pore morphology on coarsening dynamics. We find the effect of complex geometrical confinement resulting in the dramatic slowing down in the phase separation dynamics. The domain growth follows the power law with an exponent dependent on the porous host structure. After the transient period, a crossover to a slower domain growth is observed when the domain size becomes comparable to the pore size. Due to the geometric confinement, the correlation function and structure factor modify to a non-Porod behavior and violate the superuniversality hypothesis. The role of porous host structure on the nonequilibrium aging dynamics is studied qualitatively by computing the two-time order-parameter autocorrelation function. This quantity exhibits scaling laws with respect to the ratio of the domain length at the observation time and the age of the system. We find the scaling laws hold well for such confined segregating fluid mixtures.
Placenta increta in an unscarred and bicornute uterus
Authors: Nazir Namia , Khan Daniya , Nasrullah Farah Deeba , Jaleel Riffat 
Published: November 2022

Morbidly adherent placenta is a spectrum of obstetric complication which is life threatening to both mother and fetus. Congenital uterine malformation is a rare cause of such a condition. Here we present a case report of placenta increta in bicornute, unscarred uterus. An 18 year old para1+1 presented in emergency with history of vaginal delivery of still birth baby followed by vaginal bleeding with retained placenta. Her Examination under anaesthesia and failed attempt of manual removal of the placenta performed in emergency followed by Doppler ultrasound showed a bicornuate uterus with possibility of placenta increta, later this diagnosis was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patient managed with injection methotrexate along with folinic acid followed by removal of placenta under general anesthesia, hence we preserved her fertility. The aim of this report is to emphasize the importance of this rare but a possible association of nonscar and malformed uterus with spectrum of abnormal placentation. Obstetrician should run a full set of investigations in such cases to prevent maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6164
How to cite this: Nazir N, Khan D, Nasrullah FD, Jaleel R. Placenta increta in an unscarred and bicornute uterus. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6164
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Writing far and beyond the Thesis by the medical community
Authors: Zafar Anam , Ehsan Afifa 
Published: November 2022

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.7197
How to cite this: Zafar A, Ehsan A. Writing far and beyond the Thesis by the medical community. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.7197
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
COVID-19 associated acute neurological manifestations in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pallempati Bhanu Thejaswi , BB Darshan , Jha Abhavya , Jinugu Vishnu Teja , Ramapuram John T , Chowta Nithyananda K , Holla Ramesh , Dsouza Nikhil Victor , Achappa Basavaprabhu 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND COVID-19 has become a major cause of concern globally for the past couple of years considering the number of lives it has claimed. The spectrum of clinical manifestations related to nervous system ranged from ageusia, anosmia to stroke and encephalopathies. The burden of follow-up and review currently lies in front of us, considering the rise of post COVID manifestations in patients. The objective of this research is to determine the neurological complications of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. METHODS The current study is a record-based retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The records of patients admitted to the hospital between January 2021 and July 2021 were reviewed. The information was assessed and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. The results are expressed in the form of mean, standard deviation and proportions. RESULTS 1,000 patients admitted with coronavirus were assessed, and 36 patients with a neurological diagnosis available were found. The mean age was 57.1±1.6 years. Most of the neurological diagnosis included cerebrovascular accidents in 44.4% patients followed by hypokalaemia in 25% of patients. Diabetes mellitus (58.3%) and hypertension (47.2%) were found to be the major contributing co-morbidities. There was a significant association seen between the final diagnosis and the age groups (p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS This research would aid in adapting to better management guidelines as well as an integrated approach to neurovascular complications of the same in future. This is vital considering the increase in various short-term and long-terms effects being reported in the hospitals.
Should parents be present during paediatric resuscitation? A systematic review
Authors: Cochrane Nicola , Donnelly Peter 
Published: November 2022

Objective: This systematic review collates and appraises the current evidence to establish if parents benefit from being present during paediatric resuscitation. Design: Ovid Medline was used. Of 310 papers, eight met the inclusion criteria, with a further paper identified through reference searching. Nine papers were reviewed, and themes identified within each study were noted. Areas of overlap were identified and descriptive analysis was performed, allowing us to make recommendations for future practice. Results: Two hypothetical studies surveying a total of 935 parents, found that 83.4–85% would wish to be present in the event of their child's resuscitation. Seven papers studied the parents of a total of 272 children who underwent resuscitation. These showed parents benefitted from being present. Four themes were identified: Reduction of parental anxiety Providing comfort to the child Understanding and processing Parental right to be there. Conclusion: The majority of parents perceive a benefit from being present during their child's resuscitation.
Flat bands and quasi-bound states in the continuum in a photonic Moiré lattice
Authors: Nasidi Ibrahim , Hao Ran , Jin ShangZhong , Li Erping 
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes flat bands and quasi-bound states in the continuum (Q-BIC) in a moiré lattice. In addition to the inter-layer coupling and small rotation angle, we show that the inter-node coupling in a single-layer moiré lattice can be controlled to obtain moiré flat bands. Unlike any flat bands reported in lattices such as kagome, rhombus, Lieb, and stub, we show that the moiré lattice exhibits both singular and non-singular flat bands simultaneously. We investigate the flat band’s eigenmodes to confirm their flatness and assess their singularity. The robustness of the flat bands to variation of background permittivity

ε
b

is studied. Moreover, by further engineering the inter-node distance, the moiré flat band states change to a quasi-bound state at a non-zero wave vector. The Q-BIC exhibit an ultra-high quality factor (Q-factor) of

2.7142
×

10
6

, ultra-low mode volume of

0.214318

µ

m

3

, and very narrow linewidth centred at 350.54 THz. We demonstrate the capability of the Q-BIC for lasing and nanocavity applications. Our results show that a single-layer photonic moiré lattice provides a suitable platform to explore fundamental phenomena related to flat band systems.
Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey
Authors: Bouso José Carlos , Andión Óscar , Sarris Jerome J. , Scheidegger Milan , Tófoli Luís Fernando , Opaleye Emérita Sátiro , Schubert Violeta , Perkins Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Ayahuasca is a plant-based decoction native to Amazonia, where it has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Contemporary ritual use of ayahuasca has been expanding throughout the world for mental health purposes, and for spiritual and personal growth. Although researchers have been conducting clinical trials and observational studies reporting medical and psychological benefits, most of these do not report ayahuasca’s immediate or medium-term adverse effects, so these are underrepresented in the literature. With the expansion of ayahuasca ceremonies from their traditional contexts to countries around the world, there is an important public health question regarding the risk/benefit balance of its use.

Methods
We used data from an online Global Ayahuasca Survey (n = 10,836) collected between 2017 and 2019 involving participants from more than 50 countries. Principal component analysis was performed to assess group effects. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for adverse effects associated with history of ayahuasca use, clinical, context of use and spiritual effect variables.

Results
Acute physical health adverse effects (primarily vomiting) were reported by 69.9% of the sample, with 2.3% reporting the need for subsequent medical attention. Adverse mental health effects in the weeks or months following consumption were reported by 55.9% of the sample, however, around 88% considered such mental health effects as part of a positive process of growth or integration. Around 12% sought professional support for these effects. Physical adverse effects were related to older age at initial use of ayahuasca, having a physical health condition, higher lifetime and last year ayahuasca use, having a previous substance use disorder diagnosis, and taking ayahuasca in a non-supervised context. Mental health adverse effects were positively associated with anxiety disorders; physical health conditions; and the strength of the acute spiritual experience; and negatively associated with consumption in religious settings.

Conclusions
While there is a high rate of adverse physical effects and challenging psychological effects from using ayahuasca, they are not generally severe, and most ayahuasca ceremony attendees continue to attend ceremonies, suggesting they perceive the benefits as outweighing any adverse effects. Knowing what variables might predict eventual adverse effects may serve in screening of, or providing additional support for, vulnerable subjects. Improved understanding of the ayahuasca risk/benefit balance can also assist policy makers in decisions regarding potential regulation and public health responses.
Feeling low and unhappy together? An actor-partner-interdependence model uncovering the linkage between different operationalizations of relationship quality and depression in different-sex couples
Authors: Aguilar-Raab Corina , Winter Friederike , Jarczok Marc N. , Ditzen Beate , Warth Marco 
Published: November 2022

Some studies suggest a bi-directional association between low relationship quality and depression. However, the social impact of depression and the potential preventative effects of healthy relationships are not yet sufficiently understood, as studies have shown heterogenous results for effects in both directions. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to differentiate the actor and partner effects of this association more comprehensively using two measures to capture characteristics of relationship quality–firstly regarding general aspects of social system quality and secondly considering specific aspects of the romantic relationship. 110 different-sex couples were included, being separated in partners with highly pronounced depressive symptoms in women (Cw/DW) versus partners with low depressive symptoms (LDCs). We investigated effects cross-sectionally using multi-group analyses to predict relationship (couple specific questionnaire: PFB) versus system quality (general system quality questionnaire: EVOS) in a step-by-step approach, modelling actor and partner effects with variation within and across both groups and then comparing the results to models with equal actor and partner effects. Depression was measured with the PHQ-9. With regard to the relationship between depressive symptoms and system quality, the model that constrained actor and partner effects to be equal across both groups was preferred and showed negative significant actor effects across gender and groups. Concerning the association between depressive symptoms and relationship quality, the model constraining actor and partner effects to be equal within groups had the best fit to the data and revealed a negative partner effect in LDCs.
Conclusions
Controlling for the moderating variable of clinically relevant depressive symptoms, we found evidence for actor and partner effects, which differed between the two relationship measures. This underlines the importance to reflect how relationship quality is operationalized. The negative partner effect on relationship quality in LDCs emphasizes that even in a non-clinical context, depressive symptoms negatively impact the perceived relationship quality of both women and men. This suggests that addressing the relationship is important in non-clinical preventive contexts and calls for integrating the partner into counselling or trainings.
Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy has a distinct serum profile, including greater complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids
Authors: Altendahl Marie , Mok Thalia , Jang Christine , Yeo Seungjun , Quach Austin , Afshar Yalda 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundPregnancies complicated by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at an increased risk of severe morbidity due to physiologic changes in immunologic, cardiovascular, and respiratory function. There is little is known about how severity of COVID-19 changes protein and metabolite expression in pregnancy.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the pathophysiology behind various clinical trajectories in pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using multi-omics profiling.Study designThis is a prospective cohort study of 30 pregnant patients at a single tertiary care center. Participants were categorized by severity of COVID-19 disease (control, asymptomatic, mild/moderate, or severe). Maternal serum samples underwent LC-MS-based multiomics analysis for profiling of proteins, lipids, electrolytes, and metabolites. Linear regression models were used to assess how disease severity related to analyte levels. Reactome pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on differential analytes.ResultsOf 30 participants, 25 had confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (6 asymptomatic (one post-infection), 13 mild/moderate (all post-infection), 6 severe), and 5 participants were controls. Severe COVID-19 was associated with distinct profiles demonstrating significant proteomic and lipidomic signatures which were enriched for annotations related to complement and antibody activity. (FDR < 0.05). Downregulated analytes were not significantly enriched but consisted of annotation terms related to lipoprotein activity (FDR > 0.2). Post-infection mild/moderate COVID-19 did not have significantly altered serum protein, metabolite, or lipid metabolite levels compared to controls.ConclusionsPregnancies with severe COVID-19 demonstrate greater inflammation and complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids. This altered multiomic expression provides insight into the pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 in pregnancy and may serve as potential indicators for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The association between number and ages of children and the physical activity of mothers: Cross-sectional analyses from the Southampton Women’s Survey
Authors: Simpson Rachel F. , Hesketh Kathryn R. , Crozier Sarah R. , Baird Janis , Cooper Cyrus , Godfrey Keith M. , Harvey Nicholas C. , Westgate Kate , Inskip Hazel M. , van Sluijs Esther M. F. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Physical activity (PA) has many health benefits, but motherhood is often associated with reduced PA. Considering that ages and number of children may be associated with maternal PA, and that PA patterns may change as children transition to formal schooling, we aimed to investigate the associations between ages and number of children and device-measured maternal PA.

Methods
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from 848 mothers from the Southampton Women’s Survey at two different timepoints. Two-level random intercept linear models were used to investigate associations between ages (≤4y(ears) (“younger”), school-aged, both age groups) and number (1, 2, ≥3) of children, and their interaction, and accelerometer-assessed minutes of maternal moderate or vigorous PA (log-transformed MVPA) and light, moderate or vigorous PA (LMVPA).

Results
Women with any school-aged children engaged in more MVPA than those with only ≤4y (e.g. % difference in minutes of MVPA [95% confidence interval]: 46.9% [22.0;77.0] for mothers with only school-aged vs only ≤4y). Mothers with multiple children did less MVPA than those with 1 child (e.g. 12.5% [-1.1;24.3] less MVPA for those with 2 children). For mothers with multiple children, those with any school-aged children did less LMVPA than those with only ≤4y (e.g. amongst mothers with 2 children, those with only school-aged children did 34.0 [3.9;64.1] mins/day less LMVPA). For mothers with any ≤4y, those with more children did more LMVPA (e.g. amongst mothers with only ≤4y, those with 2 children did 42.6 [16.4;68.8] mins/day more LMVPA than those with 1 child).

Conclusions
Mothers with multiple children and only children aged ≤4y did less MVPA. Considering that many of these women also did more LMVPA than mothers with fewer or older children, interventions and policies are needed to increase their opportunities for higher intensity PA to maximise health benefits.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04715945.