bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioenhanced Rapid Redox Initiation for RAFT Polymerization in the Air
Authors: Yuan Bolei , Huang Tingting , Lv Xiaoxiao , Jiang Lin , Sun Xueying , Zhang Yunhe , Tang Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA well‐controlled bioenhanced reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) in the presence of air is carried out by using glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, ascorbic acid (Asc acid), and ppm level of hemin. The catalytic concentration of hemin is employed to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/Asc acid redox initiation, achieving rapid RAFT polymerization. Narrow molecular weight distributions and high monomer conversion (Ð as low as 1.09 at >95% conversion) are achieved within tens of minutes. Several kinds of monomers are used to verify the universal implication of the presented method. The influences of the pH and feed ratio of each component on the polymerization rate are assessed. Besides, a polymerization rate regulation is realized by managing Asc acid addition. This work significantly increases the rate of redox‐initiated GOx‐deoxygen RAFT polymerization by using simple and green reactants, facilitating the application of RAFT polymerization in areas such as biomedical applications.
Structure–Property Relationships of Shape Memory, Semicrystalline Polymers Fabricated by In Situ Polymerization and Crosslinking of Octadecyl Acrylate/Polybutadiene Blends
Authors: Basak Sayan , Cavicchi Kevin A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current work presents the study of a semicrystalline, shape memory polymer synthesized by simultaneous free radical polymerization and crosslinking in a blend of polybutadiene (PB) and octadecyl acrylate. Blending elastomers and phase change materials provide a modular method for new smart materials, such as shape memory polymers. In this system, grafted, side‐chain crystalline poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PODA) fixes a programmed shape in the shape memory cycle, while crosslinked polybutadiene drives shape recovery. This work focuses on improving material parameters important for shape memory (crystallinity, gel fraction, melting temperature) by tuning the processing and formulation parameters (amount of crosslinker and PB weight fraction). The result is a shape memory PB‐PODA copolymer that can be fabricated by melt processing and programmed without cooling below ambient temperature. It is found that good shape memory (i.e., high shape fixity and recovery) is obtained at a low PB weight fraction where a percolating PODA crystal network is formed at room temperature. The optimized sample shows excellent shape memory properties (fixity > 99%, recovery = 96%). It is shown that it is possible to mold this material into complex 3D shapes or topography with potential use in anticounterfeiting and antitampering applications.
The Anti‐Obesity and Anti‐Inflammatory Capabilities of Pterostilbene and its Colonic Metabolite Pinostilbene Protect against Tight Junction Disruption from Western Diet Feeding
Authors: Koh Yen‐Chun , Lin Shin‐Jhih , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2022

ScopeTight junctions (TJs) are a member of the intestinal epithelium barrier that provides the first line of protection against external factors. Anti‐obesity and protective effects of pterostilbene (PSB) on TJs have previously been reported, but the effect of its colonic metabolite, pinostilbene (PIN), is less understood.Methods and resultsA 16‐week animal model feed with western‐diet to induce colonic TJs disruption is designed, supplemented with PSB and PIN to evaluate their potent in colonic TJ protection. The results show that both PSB and PIN exert suppressive effects on obesity, hepatic steatosis, and chronic inflammation in western‐diet‐fed mice. Western‐diet feeding significantly reduces expression of TJ proteins, including ZO‐1, occludin, and claudin‐1, while PSB and PIN supplementation effectively protects TJ proteins against disruption. Increment in serum, hepatic, and mesenteric pro‐inflammatory cytokines suggests their probable involvement in TJ disruption supported with the findings in macrophage polarization. The adverse are revered by PSB and PIN. The protective effect of PSB and PIN on TJ proteins may stem from their anti‐inflammation capabilities.ConclusionThis is the first study suggesting that PIN, the metabolite of PSB, demonstrates a similar protective effect on colonic TJ proteins via its anti‐obesity, hepatic protection, and anti‐inflammatory capabilities.
A high‐gain linear array of cross slots substrate integrated waveguide leaky‐wave antenna with defective ground structure
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Srivastava Shweta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis letter provides a detailed explanation of a novel high‐gain cross slot substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) rectangular cavity‐backed antenna. The main SIW cavity is further divided into seven small linearly placed cavities at a distance of 0.9. Each cavity contains a cross‐slot at an equal distance from each other. The defective ground structure is placed at the bottom layer of an antenna with two metallic vias to divert the wave towards edge slots for further gain improvement. The antenna shows a measured gain of approximately 12 dBi from 11.37 to 11.78 GHz. The radiation efficiency of 92% and the front‐to‐back ratio of 28 dB is achieved. The proposed antenna provides a very high directive fan‐like pattern which can be utilized for satellite and radar applications in the X‐band.
Enhancing the measurement range of laser speckle systems
Authors: Cabral Thiago D. , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Fujiwara Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLaser speckle‐based systems provide sensitive measurements of displacement and stain. However, the typical saturation of correlation functions restricts the application of such techniques regarding their dynamic range. Therefore, this paper proposes using the extended zero‐mean normalized cross‐correlation (EZNCC) algorithm to automatically update the reference speckle image according to a programmable threshold, allowing for exceeding the decorrelation limit. Experiments investigated the effect of rigid body displacements and thermal strain at the light scattering surface (a ceramic container). The EZNCC yielded ~30 µm resolution over a continuous 1500 µm range for displacement measurements, and ~0.2°C resolution between 21.5°C and 61.5°C for the temperature analysis. As this method requires minor updates to the traditional correlation algorithms, the ENZCC does not require modifications to the optical setups, improving the dynamic range and ensuring the high sensitivity of speckle correlation systems in a feasible, straightforward approach.
Rapid Colonization of Upstream Habitats by Oncorhynchus Mykiss Following Culvert Modification
Authors: Knoth Brian A. , Hargrove John S. , Dobos Marika , Copeland Timothy , Bowersox Brett J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Habitat fragmentation threatens the persistence of fish populations, and road crossings (e.g., culverts) are particularly problematic because they are globally ubiquitous and can block access to critical habitats. Barrier removal or modifications that allow upstream access can result in expanded distributions, increased abundances, and gene flow among historically isolated populations. Actions that promote connectivity, gene flow, and the potential expression of multiple life history forms (e.g., anadromy in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp.) are thought to buffer against extinction and are increasingly important given the high rates of imperilment for many fish species. We collected genetic samples from juvenile O. mykiss (anadromous steelhead and resident Rainbow Trout) prior to and following the modification of a culvert that served as a historical barrier to upstream movement and tested for changes in genetic composition through time. Prior to culvert modification, levels of genetic diversity were low and genetic differentiation with reference collections of anadromous steelhead was high. After treatment, we observed increased levels of genetic diversity, larger estimates of effective population size, and decreased genetic differentiation with steelhead, indicating an influx of individuals from a downstream population. Using an inexpensive genetic-based monitoring approach, we show that culvert modification can result in the rapid reestablishment of connectivity between historically isolated populations.
Digital Data Help Explain Drivers of Angler Satisfaction: An Example from Southern Norway
Authors: Johansen Kurt , Olsen Esben Moland , Haraldstad Tormod , Arlinghaus Robert , Höglund Erik 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We analyzed trip-level self-reports collected by a cell phone app to understand angler satisfaction of fishing for sea trout Salmo trutta (anadromous Brown Trout) in southern Norway. We found no clear support for a positive relationship between trip outcome (catch or no catch) and angler satisfaction level. In the cases where sea trout was caught, however, there was a positive relationship between fish size and angler satisfaction level. A total of 52% of the captured sea trout were voluntarily released, and releases were unrelated to fish size. In conclusion, digital data collected via a cell phone app are useful to reveal patterns of angler behavior and satisfaction.
Numerical analysis of a corrected Smagorinsky model
Authors: Siddiqua Farjana , Xie Xihui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe classical Smagorinsky model's solution is an approximation to a (resolved) mean velocity. Since it is an eddy viscosity model, it cannot represent a flow of energy from unresolved fluctuations to the (resolved) mean velocity. This model has recently been corrected to incorporate this flow and still be well‐posed. Herein we first develop some basic properties of the corrected model. Next, we perform a complete numerical analysis of two algorithms for its approximation. They are tested and proven to be effective.
The thermal energy storage capacity and fire risk of phase change material based on the framework of modified melamine sponge
Authors: Cheng Jiaji , Liu Yuqi , Kang Moyun , Niu Shaoshuai , Wang Yapeng , Guan Yu , Zhang Feng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the research on energy‐efficient building has increasingly attracted attention. The phase change materials (PCMs) play a vital role in increasing the energy utilization efficiency. In order to protect the PCMs from leakage during phase change process, the melamine sponge (MS) and modified melamine sponge (MMS) are considered as the frameworks. The leakage rate of MS and MMS sample were compared. The thermal and fire behavior was investigated by small room model, infrared thermal imager and cone calorimeter. The results show that the leakage rate of MS is much higher than that of MMS. On the condition of the same percentage of PCMs, MMS sample has better temperature control performance. The MS sample releases heat much faster and more than MMS sample. While MMS plays a role in inhibiting ignition.
Effect of glass fiber hybridization on the mechanical properties of unidirectional, alkali‐treated kenaf‐epoxy composites
Authors: Verma Rajneesh , Shukla Mukul , Shukla Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to environmental issues and high cost of synthetic fibers, natural or cellulosic fibers have emerged as a promising reinforcement for polymer composites. The hybridization of natural fiber with synthetic fiber is a useful technique to improve the mechanical properties instead of using the natural fibers alone. This research aims to evaluate the influence of glass fiber hybridization on the mechanical properties of continuous, unidirectional, alkali (NaOH)‐treated kenaf‐epoxy composites. At first, the effect of treatment of various concentrations (3, 5, 7, and 9% w/v) of NaOH on the structure of single kenaf fiber was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and tensile testing. At the optimum 5% alkali concentration the tensile strength, modulus, and %elongation of the kenaf fibers were enhanced by 81%, 114%, and 42%, respectively. The effect of hybridization of 5% NaOH treated kenaf along with glass fiber on the improvement in tensile, flexural, and impact properties for hand laid kenaf‐glass‐epoxy hybrid composite laminates was established. The overall matrix to fiber weight ratio of five different layup sequence laminates was maintained constant at 70:30. It can be concluded from the obtained results that the 15% glass and 15% kenaf fiber hybridized composites exhibited the maximum increment in tensile strength and modulus (68.5% and 19.5%, respectively) in comparison to the unhybridized composites. Further, the flexural strength and modulus were also improved by 21% and 67%, respectively, and the impact strength by 153%. The SEM fractography proved that alkali treatment of fibers improved the fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding whereas fiber breakage, fiber pull‐out and debonding were established as the main fracture mechanisms of hybrid composites. The findings of the present investigation on kenaf‐glass hybrid composites corroborate that they are suitable for secondary structural applications in construction and automobile sectors.
Using structural topic modelling to reveal patterns in reports on opioid drugs in a pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Lösch Lea , Brown Patrick , van Hunsel Florence 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in pharmacovigilance databases often contain coded information and large amounts of unstructured or semi‐structured information in plain text format. The unstructured format and sheer volume of these data often render them neglected. Structural topic modelling (STM) represents a potentially insightful way of harnessing these valuable data and to detect grouping or themes in spontaneous reports to aid signal detection.PurposeThis was an explorative study of the potential for structural topic modelling to identify useful patterns in ADR reports involving opioid drugs in a pharmacovigilance database.MethodsA dataset of ADR reports on opioid drugs reported to the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb from 1991 to December 2020 was used, comprising a total of 3069 unique reports. Qualitative text analysis was combined with STM, an automated text analysis method, to examine these data.ResultsIn reports submitted directly by patients and healthcare professionals, 11 meaningful topics were identified, whereby patient experience reports, particularly in relation to pain (relief), and the timing of intake and ADRs of tramadol and paracetamol, were the most common. Of the 12 topics identified in reports received via marketing authorization holders, patch and skin‐related side effects, addiction and constipation were the most prevalent.ConclusionsThe STM‐based analysis identified information that cannot always be captured by coding with the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA®). The identified topics reflect findings in the literature on opioids.
Does educational stress mediate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and academic life satisfaction in teenagers during the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Odacı Hatice , Kaya Feridun , Aydın Fatih 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the mediator role of educational stress in the relationship between intolerance to uncertainty and academic life satisfaction among teenagers. The sample consisted of 257 female and 202 male high school students with an average age of 16.03 (SD = 1.21) continuing their education in the spring semester of the 2020−2021 academic year in Turkey. The data were collected via an online survey. Analyses revealed that intolerance of uncertainty directly and indirectly via educational stress affects the academic life satisfaction of teenagers. Educational stress partially mediates the relationship. It was also found that the full mediation model has a good fit with the data. The academic life satisfaction of teenagers was harmed by their tendencies in tolerating the uncertainties they have been facing during the COVID‐19 pandemic and elevated levels of educational stress.
Recent Advances in Nanocrystals Heralding Greater Potential in Brain Delivery
Authors: Mule Shubham , Khairnar Pooja , Shukla Rahul 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbout 90% of natural/synthetic origin new drugs under the discovery process are facing problems related to poor aqueous solubility. Nanotechnology‐mediated approaches are proven to be effective in the development of such drug molecules. Nanocrystals (NCs) are the pure solid crystalline particulates with a mean diameter smaller than 1 µm and are primarily comprised of only the drug along with the stabilizers. NCs technology has proven to be a potential strategy to enhance the solubility and the therapeutic efficacy of BCS class IV and class II drugs. Such potential of NCs offers new prospects for advancement in targeted brain delivery in various disorders. The main hurdle for the delivery of the drug is blood brain barrier (BBB) which protects central nervous system (CNS) from foreign materials. The major advantage of NCs is their smaller particle size which leads to increased brain delivery of therapeutics by crossing the BBB. This review is mainly focused on the BBB, the mechanism of interaction of NCs with the endothelial cells, the safety‐related benefits of NCs, application of NCs for the amelioration of a variety of neurological disorders (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, brain tumor, psychosis, and brain infection, cerebral ischemia) and challenges of NCs technology.
Application of SHAP values for inferring the optimal functional form of covariates in pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Janssen Alexander , Hoogendoorn Mark , Cnossen Marjon H. , Mathôt Ron A. A. ,   the OPTI‐CLOT Study Group and SYMPHONY Consortium
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn population pharmacokinetic (PK) models, interindividual variability is explained by implementation of covariates in the model. The widely used forward stepwise selection method is sensitive to bias, which may lead to an incorrect inclusion of covariates. Alternatives, such as the full fixed effects model, reduce this bias but are dependent on the chosen implementation of each covariate. As the correct functional forms are unknown, this may still lead to an inaccurate selection of covariates. Machine learning (ML) techniques can potentially be used to learn the optimal functional forms for implementing covariates directly from data. A recent study suggested that using ML resulted in an improved selection of influential covariates. However, how do we select the appropriate functional form for including these covariates? In this work, we use SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to infer the relationship between covariates and PK parameters from ML models. As a case‐study, we use data from 119 patients with hemophilia A receiving clotting factor VIII concentrate peri‐operatively. We fit both a random forest and a XGBoost model to predict empirical Bayes estimated clearance and central volume from a base nonlinear mixed effects model. Next, we show that SHAP reveals covariate relationships which match previous findings. In addition, we can reveal subtle effects arising from combinations of covariates difficult to obtain using other methods of covariate analysis. We conclude that the proposed method can be used to extend ML‐based covariate selection, and holds potential as a complete full model alternative to classical covariate analyses.
Random encounter model is a reliable method for estimating population density of multiple species using camera traps
Authors: Palencia Pablo , Barroso Patricia , Vicente Joaquín , Hofmeester Tim R. , Ferreres Javier , Acevedo Pelayo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPopulation density estimates are important for wildlife conservation and management. Several camera trapping‐based methods for estimating densities have been developed, one of which, the random encounter model (REM), has been widely applied due to its practical advantages such as no need for species‐specific study design. Nevertheless, most of the studies in which REM has been assessed against referenced methods have sampled one population, precluding evaluation of the circumstances under which REM does or does not perform well. At this point, a review of all REM assessments could be useful to provide an overview of method reliability and highlight the main factors determining REM performance. Here we used a combination of literature review and empirical study to compare the performance of REM with independent methods. We reviewed 34 studies where REM was applied to 45 species, reporting 77 REM‐reference density comparisons; and we also sampled 13 populations (ungulates and lagomorphs) in which we assessed REM performance against independent densities. The results suggested that appropriate procedures to estimate REM parameters (namely day range, detection zone and encounter rate) are mandatory to obtain unbiased densities. Deficient estimates of day range and encounter rate lead to an overestimation of density, while deficient estimates of detection zone conducted to underestimations. Finally, the precision achieved by REM was lower than reference methods, mainly because of the high levels of spatial aggregation observed in natural populations. In this situation, simulation‐based results suggest that c. 60 camera placements should be sampled to achieve acceptable precision (i.e. coefficient of variation below 0.20). The wide range of situations and scenarios included in this study allow us to conclude that REM is a reliable method for estimating wildlife population density when using appropriate estimates of REM parameters and sampling designs. Overall, these results pave the way to wider application of REM for monitoring terrestrial mammals.
Influence of soil test phosphorus level and leaching volume on phosphorus leaching
Authors: Leverich Nigon Leanna M. , Kaiser Daniel E. , Feyereisen Gary W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in agricultural production, yet its losses contribute to eutrophication in freshwater systems. To mitigate this, there is increasing interest in quantifying soluble P leaching losses and including them in P indices. The objectives of this research were (a) to evaluate water soluble P leaching loss from topsoils (0–15 cm) across a range of initial soil test P (STP) levels; (b) to determine the effects of soil type, physiochemical soil properties, and leaching volume on P leaching loss; and (c) to determine the predictability of P leaching losses from soil tests. Intact soil cores (3.81 cm in diameter, 0–15 cm deep) were collected from six agricultural fields in Minnesota and leached with deionized water offsite. Additional columns were collected to identify the influence of three leaching volumes on P leaching load. Phosphorus leaching loss was impacted by soil type, initial STP level, and the volume of the leaching event. Leachate P concentration increased with increasing STP level and remained consistent among leaching volumes. Concentrations were not diluted with increased leaching volumes. Consequently, leaching volume was the primary driver of total P load. Several linear and machine learning models were used to predict P leachate concentration. Phosphorus concentration was best predicted using a ridge regression model using two soil tests: the degree of phosphorus sorption and water extractable P (R2 = .58, RMSE = 0.06). The model prediction of P leaching loss is promising, although further research on subsoil interactions is needed.