bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features and problems of combating crime by the Leningrad police during the blockade
Authors: ЯКОВЛЕВА М.А. , МАРЧЕНКО Е.М. 
Published: March 2022

В статье на основе анализа нормативных положений, статистических данных, научных публикаций рассматриваются исторические особенности и проблемы, существовавшие у органов милиции, в сфере противодействия преступности в период блокады. Отмечается, что вопрос историографии органов внутренних дел в целом и ленинградской милиции в частности в период блокады не теряет своей значимости на протяжении длительного периода времени, актуализируясь в связи с фактами фальсификации исторических событий Великой Отечественной войны. Авторы приходят к выводу, что, несмотря на значительные сложности наиболее трагичного в историографии Ленинграда и Великой Отечественно войны этапа, деятельность милиции в сфере противодействия преступности была эффективной
Based on the analysis of regulations, statistical data, scientific publications the article examines the historical features and problems that existed among the police in the field of combating crime during the blockade. It is noted that the issue of historiography of the internal affairs bodies in general and the Leningrad militia in particular during the blockade does not lose its significance for a long period of time, being actualized in connection with the facts of falsification of the historical events of the Great Patriotic War. The authors come to the conclusion that, despite the significant difficulties of the most tragic stage in the historiography of Leningrad and the Great Patriotic War, the activity of the police in the field of combating crime was effective.
Violation of requirements in the field of transport security (Article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): issues of law enforcement
Authors: Зубкова В.И. , Санташов А.Л. 
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируются проблемы квалификации деяний, связанных с нарушением требований в области транспортной безопасности. Дается характеристика преступления, предусмотренного ст. 263.1 УК РФ. Рассматриваются вопросы межотраслевой дифференциации ответственности в указанной сфере. Приводится анализ правоприменительной практики по проверке сообщений о нарушениях требований в области транспортной безопасности
The article analyzes the problems of qualification of acts related to violation of requirements in the field of transport security. There is given characterization of the crime under Art. 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The issues of intersectoral differentiation of responsibility in this area are considered. The analysis of law enforcement practice for checking reports of violations of requirements in the field of transport security is given
Implementation problems of forced labor
Authors: Комбаров Р.В. 
Published: March 2022

Статья посвящена рассмотрению некоторых существующих на сегодняшний день проблем в сфере реализации уголовного наказания в виде принудительных работ. Анализируется практика применения данного наказания, выявляются сложности правового регулирования его реализации, предлагаются соответствующие пути их преодоления. В частности, рассматриваются вопросы назначения судами принудительных работ и направления осужденных к месту отбывания наказания, очерчивается круг лиц, в отношении которых не целесообразно назначение наказания в виде принудительных работ, проводится анализ схожих по своему содержанию порядка и условий отбывания наказания в виде принудительных работ и лишения свободы с отбыванием наказания в колониях-поселениях. Особое внимание уделено проблемам трудоустройства осужденных к принудительным работам как во время отбывания наказания, так и после освобождения, а также вопросам их медицинского обслуживания
The article is devoted to the consideration of some of the current problems in the implementation of criminal punishment in the form of forced labor. The practice of applying this punishment is analyzed, the difficulties of legal regulation of its implementation are revealed and appropriate ways to overcome them are proposed. In particular the issues of the appointment of forced labor by the courts and the direction of convicts to the place of serving the sentence are considered, the circle of persons in relation to whom it is not advisable to impose a sentence in the form of forced labor is considered, the analysis is carried out of the similar in content order and conditions for serving a sentence in the form of forced labor and deprivation freedom with serving punishment in colonies-settlements. Particular attention is paid to the problems of employment of those convicted to forced labor both during serving their sentences and after their release as well as to the issues of their medical care.
Criminal liability for disclosing information about security measures applied to participants in criminal proceedings
Authors: Сидорова Е.З. , Устюжанина А.А. 
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируются особенности состава преступления, предусмотренного ст. 311 УК РФ. Дается уголовно-правовая характеристика состава преступления, выявляются пробелы законодательства, регулирующего порядок защиты участников уголовного судопроизводства, возможности усовершенствования норм, предусматривающих уголовную ответственность за разглашение сведений о мерах безопасности названных лиц. В частности, обозначена недостаточность перечня лиц, которые могут стать субъектом рассматриваемого преступления. Отмечается, что преступление, предусмотренное ст. 311 УК РФ, является высоколатентным, поскольку участники судебного процесса подвержены влиянию со стороны субъектов преступления и зачастую не обращаются в правоохранительные органы. Делается вывод, что необходимо совершенствовать механизм защиты участников уголовного процесса, поскольку от их безопасности нередко зависят справедливость и обоснованность судебных решений.
The article analyzes the features of the corpus delicti under Art. 311 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article provides a criminal-legal characteristic of the corpus delicti, identifies the problems of legislative norms regulating the procedure for protecting participants in criminal proceedings, the possibility of improving the norms providing for criminal liability for disclosing information about the security measures of the named persons. In particular the lack of the list of persons who may become the subject of the crime in question is indicated. It is noted that the crime under Art. 311 of the Criminal Code of the Сетевой научно-практический журнал частного и публичного права 87 Russian Federation is highly latent, since the participants in the trial are influenced by the subjects of the crime and often do not apply to law enforcement agencies. It is concluded that it is necessary to improve the mechanism of protection of participants in criminal proceedings, since fairness and validity of court decisions often depend on their safety.
Role of surgery in multifocal glioblastoma
Authors: Syeda Kubra Kishwar Jafri  , Syed Sarmad Bukhari  , Muhammad Shahzad Shamim  
Published: March 2022

The management of multifocal glioblastomas is a point of constant discussion amongst neuro-oncologists. Best outcomes in glioblastoma management come from gross total resection (GTR) followed by concomitant radiation and chemotherapy (CCRT). Multifocal disease is resistant to GTR. Conventional management of these lesion is usually biopsy only followed by CCRT. Recent evidence has shown that there may be some benefit to attempting GTR of the largest lesion whenever safe to do so.
Keywords: Glioblastoma multiforme; multifocal; radiotherapy; chemotherapy
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The role of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Speech and Language Therapy: A mini review
Authors: Ayesha Kamal Butt  , Rabia Zubair  , Farooq Azam Rathore  
Published: March 2022

Augmentative and Alternative Communication is an aided or unaided means of communication which supports existing communication abilities of an individual or replaces natural speech due to any speech and language disorder. The deficit could be developmental or acquired such as autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, learning difficulties, dysarthria, dyspraxia or due to any acquired neurological condition such as aphasia and other degenerative disorders. Furthermore, it may be due to surgical procedures such as laryngectomy. Alternate means of communication have also been successfully used with COVID-19 patients. These tools may include pictures, symbols, signs or voice output devices. Parents of children with special needs and medical professionals have been reluctant in implementing the approach due to certain misconceptions. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence for the use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication with a range of disorders in relation to in relation to Pakistan.
Keywords: Assistive technology, Aided communication, Complex communication needs, Early intervention, Speech generating devices, Speech and language intervention
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UTILIZATION OF PRECONCEPTION CARE SERVICES AMONG COUPLES IN BUNGOMA COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Iseme Rosebella , Mukhalisi Audrey , Musila Bonface 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The broad objective of the study was to assess the utilization of preconception care services among couples (18-49 years) in Kanduyi Sub-County, Bungoma County, Kenya.
Methodology: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were employed. A pre-test study was carried out in one randomly selected ward in Webuye East sub-county. Four wards in Kanduyi Sub-County were purposively selected for the study, using the Lottery random sampling method. The study participants were sampled proportionately from each ward. Data collection instruments, used by the researcher were a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire and focused group discussions. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22 was used for the descriptive analysis of the quantitative data. The quantitative results were presented using bar graphs, tables, and pie charts.
Results: The findings from this study have; first helped to depict a low-level of knowledge on preconception care services among couples, whereby only 41% (159) of the couples had adequate knowledge on preconception care while the rest 59% (230) had inadequate knowledge. Secondly, the utilization of preconception care services among the couples in Kanduyi sub-county in Bungoma County is very low, especially on some services. For instance, the majority 65% (251) of the couples were not screened for any medical condition and a significant proportion 61% (238) were not in any family planning program prior to conception. The socio-demographic factors that were noted to influence the utilization of preconception care services among couples include; level of education (p=0.029), age (p=0.042), occupation (p=0.030), place of residence (p=0.002) and gravidity (p=0.001). In contrast, the sociocultural factors were partners' support (65%), traditional beliefs (81%), and church attendance (85%).
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The Study recommends that the ministry of health and Bungoma County government should scale up education and empowerment initiatives and programs targeting the men, with the overall aim of enhancing the utilization of preconception care services by the couples. The ministry of health should integrate the various preconception health care services in all the existing reproductive health care facilities to facilitate ease of access to health care services. The ministry of health, faith-based organizations, as well as the non-governmental organizations, should develop initiatives to empower and train the couples, especially the men, on the value of preconception care services despite the prevailing traditional and cultural beliefs
MATHEMATICALLY MODELING THE SPREAD OF HIV/AIDS INFECTION AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN GHANA.
Authors: Ayamah Richard , Awuitor Godwin , Puotier Zutaah 
Published: March 2022

One of the deadliest and highly infectious diseases is Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV-AIDS). One person was first diagnosed with HIV-AIDS in the Eastern region part of Ghana in 1986, followed by 41 more in the same year. The spread of the disease was so unbearable in the subsequent years (1987-2003), even after several intervention measures taken by Government and other stakeholders. Hence, in 2003, the antiretroviral therapy (ART) program was introduced by the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC) through the Ghana Health Service (GHS) to sabotage the virus such that it cannot be transmitted from one person to another, not even from the pregnant mother to the unborn child. It is in this direction that this research was conducted to use differential equations to derive a model for the prediction of the HIV/AIDS infection rate, after the introduction of the ART program in Ghana. The data on the number of HIV infected people per each year (I) for the years 2003-2018 were collated from the reports given by Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC), WHO and UNAIDS published on their associate websites. Differential equations, with the employment of numerical analysis of data, were used to derive a model for the prediction of the yearly number of HIV/AIDS infected people. Graphical analysis on the residuals of the predicted number of HIV/AIDS infected people (residual analysis) were carried out to check whether the derived model was adequate or not. Finally, a model was derived using ordinary differential equations and the yearly numbers of HIV infected people estimated using the model were in descending, order as portrayed in the original data set. The residual analysis on the model adequacy checking proved that the model is adequate for the prediction of the number of HIV infected people in Ghana. In effect, the ART program really played a major role in the reduction of the HIV infection rate. The uniqueness of this research is portrayed in the fact that it is the first time differential equation is being employed in Ghanaian academia to derive a model for the future prediction of the HIV infection rate.
Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, antiretroviral therapy, HIV-Infected People, Susceptible People.
Comparison Between Scheffe’s Second Degree (5,2) And Third Degree (5,3) Polynomial Models In The Optimization Of Compressive Strength Of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)
Authors: Nwachukwu K C , Njoku K O , Okorie P O , Akosubo I S , Uzoukwu C S , Ihemegbulem E O , Igbojiaku A U 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This research work aimed at formulating an optimization model based on Scheffe’s Third Degree Polynomial (5,3) that can be used to optimize the compressive strength of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC), which is then compared to Scheffe’s Second Degree Polynomial (5,2) formulation developed by Nwachukwu and others (2017) .
Methodology: Using Scheffe’s Simplex method, the compressive strength of GFRC was determined for different ratios. Control experiments were also carried out and the compressive strength determined. After the tests have been conducted, the adequacy of the model was tested using fisher’s f-test and the result of the test shows a good correlation between the model and control results.
Findings: Optimum compressive strength for the Scheffe’s (5,3) model was obtained as 21.82 N/mm2. This is slightly higher than the optimum compressive strength for Scheffe’s (5,2) model which was obtained as 20.71 N/mm2 by Nwachukwu and others (2017). Since structural concrete elements are generally made with concrete having a compressive strength of 20 to 35 MPa (or 20 to35 N/mm2 ), it then means that optimized GFRC based on both Scheffe’s models can produce the required compressive strength needed in major construction projects such as bridges and light-weight structures.
Recommendations: Major stakeholders in the construction industry are therefore advised to use optimized GFRC as it is far cheaper and still possess the required strength needed for construction works.
Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalar jismoniy tayyorgarligini rivojlantirish va sogʻlom turmush
Authors: Kenjayeva X. 
Published: March 2022

Bizga ma’lumki, bolalar koʻp vaqtini bolalar bogʻchasida oʻtkazadi. Maktabgacha ta'lim tashkilolatlarining asosiy maqsadi nafaqat bolalarni ota-onasi yoʻqligida qarash, balki bolalarni mustaqil hayotga tayyorlash, ularga asosiy bilim, koʻnikma va malakalarni oʻrgatishdir.Shu nuqtayi nazardan, tarbiyalanuvchilarining sogʻligʻiga boʻlgan munosabatda, tarbiyalanuvchilarining sogʻlig’ini saqlashda innovatsion texnologiyalarni toʻgʻri qoʻllash muhim rol oʻynaydi.
Акцизости товарларни солиққа тортиш амалиётини бошқариш самарали тадбирларига креатив ёндашув хусусида
Authors: Эрназаров Нуриддин 
Published: March 2022

Мақолада Ўзбекистон Республикасида иқтисодиёт эркинлашуви ва модернизациясининг ҳозирги босқичида акцизости товарларни солиққа тортиш амалиётини бошқариш зарурлиги, моҳияти ва омиллари, мақсади, вазифалари ва муаммолари тадқиқ этилган. Мамлакат ижтимоий-иқтисодий ривожланиш истиқболларида акцизости товарларни солиққа тортиш амалиётини бошқариш самарали тадбирларига креатив ёндашувнинг устунликлари ҳамда ўзига хос хусусиятлари илмий асослаб берилган. Ўзбекистон Республикаси солиқ тизимида акцизости товарларни солиққа тортиш амалиётини такомиллаштириш имкониятлари тадқиқ этилган ҳамда тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилган.
The Effect of Word of Mouth on Buying Interests through Trust In Cukli Creative Industries on Lombok Island
Authors: Hamidi Raden , Alvian Uji , Sakti Dwi Putra Buana , Furkan Lalu M. 
Published: March 2022

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is one of the supporting economic growths of a region. Small and medium-sized businesses can be developed by increasing the buying interest of the people around. This research was conducted to find out the effect of Word of Mouth on buying interests and to find out the influence of Word of Mouth on trust, to find out the influence of trust on buying interests and to find out the influence of Word of Mouth on buying interests through trusts. This research was conducted in locations namely West Lombok Regency and Mataram City. The population in the study is people who have bought Cukli in two regencies in West Nusa Tenggara Province, namely West Lombok Regency located in Gunung Sari District, namely Sesela Village and in Mataram City, which is located in Cakra District, Sayang-Sayang Art Market, Rungkang Jankok Village and Lendang Re Village. Analysis of the data used is PLS with the results of the study showing that Word of Mouth has a positive effect on buying interest. Word of Mouth has a positive effect on trust. Trusts have a positive effect on buying interest and Word of Mouth has a positive effect on buying interest through trusts
Graphite Exfoliation using MnO2 Paste via Sonication in Irradiated Water for Volumetric-Shrinkage Resistant Sponge
Authors: Dwandaru Wipsar Sunu Brams , Fauzi Fika , Suparno Suparno , Supardi Supardi , Rahmah Athi’ Nur Auliati , Pratama Buky Wahyu , Wisnuwijaya Rhyko Irawan , Sari Emi Kurnia 
Published: March 2022

Graphite exfoliation has been the main mechanism to produce graphene material and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO). This study was aimed to exfoliate graphite using MnO2 paste in Zinc-Carbon (ZnC) battery wastes via audio sonication in X-ray irradiated water. The exfoliated graphite (EG) sample was then characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. The EG sample was utilized as an additive for producing sponge with heat-induced volumetric-shrinkage resistance property. The irradiated water was obtained by exposing X-ray radiation upon distilled water. The graphite and K2MnO4 were mixed in the irradiated water followed by audio sonication accompanied by stirring and heating. The K2MnO4 was obtained from the MnO2 paste added with KOH. The UV-Vis results showed a shouldering peak at 271 nm indicating that the graphite was succesfully exfoliated. The FTIR test showed the presence of hydroxyl, C-O, CO2, N-O, and C=C functional groups. The XRD showed a peak at 12° for the EG sample similar to the XRD peak of GO. The SEM images showed layers of graphene flakes. The threshold temperature values of the sponge, sponge with EG (sponge+EG), and sponge with graphite (sponge+graphite) were 399.20, 271.03, and 414.82 °C, respectively. The sponge+EG underwent less volume shrinkage compared to ordinary sponge and sponge+graphite, which confirms its volume shrinkage resistant upon heating.
HIGHLIGHTS

We have exfoliated graphite using MnO2 paste obtained from ZnC battery wastes via audio sonication in X-ray irradiated water
The UV-Vis characterization of the exfoliated graphite shows a shouldering peak at 271 nm. The FTIR test shows the presence of hydroxyl, C-O, CO2, N-O, and C=C functional groups. The XRD diffractogram shows a peak at 12° of an amorphous material. Finally, the SEM image shows layers of graphene flakes
The exfoliated graphite is used as an additive to produce a volume-shrinkage resistant sponge, which underwent less volume shrinkage compared to ordinary sponge and sponge with graphite

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Evaluation of Toxicity and Anti-Oxidation Activity of the Extracts from Halymenia durvillei
Authors: Chaiwichien Athit , Samrit Tepparit , Osotprasit Supawadee , Kueakhai Pornanan , Sobhon Prasert , Meemon Krai , Niamnont Nakorn , Manohong Preeyanuch , Pranweerapaiboon Kanta , Tamtin Montakan , Changklungmoa Narin 
Published: March 2022

Halymenia durvillei (HD), a marine red alga, is believed to have potentials for pharmacological, nutritional and cosmetic applications. However, such potentials are acceptable only when their extracts are devoid of any adverse effects on human health. No previous research has been conducted the toxicity and anti-oxidation capacity of HD. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate toxicity and anti-oxidation activities of HD extracts. In this study, the toxicity and anti-oxidation capacity of 5 fractions of HD solvent extracts, i.e., ethanol (HDET), hexane (HDHE), ethyl acetate (HDEA), butanol (HDBU), and aqueous (HDAQ) were evaluated. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and LDH assays on 4 cell types, i.e., fibroblast, macrophage, hepatocyte and keratinocyte. The genotoxicity was evaluated by comet assay and micronucleus test using TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line. The anti-oxidation capacity was investigated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The toxicity studies showed that HDET, HDBU, HDAQ had very low to no toxicity as indicated by cytotoxicity and genotoxicity tests while HDEA, HDHE have some toxicity at high concentrations. HDAQ showed low antioxidant activity while HDET, HDEA, HDHE and HDBU possess relatively high antioxidant activity. Overall, our results indicated that HDET and HDAQ could be consumed as they are not toxic and HDHE, HDEA, and HDBU could be safely consumed at doses lower than 100 μg/mL. Further investigation using in vivo assays are needed to ensure the safety of HD extracts for animal and human consumptions.
HIGHLIGHTS

Effect of HD extracts on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed
HDET and HDAQ showed no toxic effects
HDET, HDEA, HDHE, and HDBU exhibited antioxidant properties

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT