bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mini Special Issue on Disasters and Human Survivability: Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Yamashiki Yosuke Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

The main goal of the conceptual framework of this mini special issue, which is based on the International Symposium on Human Survivability 2016 (ISHS2016), is to provide a fresh look at the global challenges facing humanity in the areas of energy, water, food, population, disease, etc. The ISHS2016 focused on enhancing resilience to extreme or large-scale disasters that may threaten the well-being of present and future generations. By considering past, present, and future dimensions, we aimed to develop a holistic approach that integrated various research fields.
The symposium brought together scholars from not only the natural and social sciences but also the humanities. The idea behind this was that we need to go beyond the “silo-based” approach, where handling disasters is something left to experts with specialized knowledge. The integration of the knowledge of scholars from different academic fields and backgrounds could provide novel solutions to the problem of how to enhance our resilience to future disasters.
This mini special issue aims to identify key issues in prioritizing several different types of disasters in terms of their time frames and impact frames, with the knowledge that the disasters are of completely different types and that the capacity of each institution and the consciousness of society in terms of each issue are all unequal. From those, we may identify the main characteristics of “low probability and high impact disasters,” as well as the different approaches that are needed. Disasters vary from infectious diseases to space weather, tsunamis, and earthquakes.
Propagation and Interaction of Two Parallel Internal Cracks under Tensile Stress in Cuboid Glass
Authors: Wang Haijun , Tang Lei , Yu Shuyang , Meng Qingxiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The behavioral characteristics of multiple cracks are important factors leading to material failures. However, to date, the fracturing and interactions of internal cracks have received minimal research due to the challenges in creating real internal cracks in brittle solids without incurring any damages to the surfaces. Therefore, this study investigated the fracturing processes and interactions between two parallel penny-shaped internal cracks under tensile stress conditions using both experimental and numerical simulation methods. Glass was used as the experimental material in this study. The results showed that the vertical spacing d between the two cracks was an important factor which affected both the crack interactions and the failure loads. When the d was small, attraction and coalescence occurred between the two cracks. However, when the d was large, the fracturing was observed to occur in the plane where one crack was located. A crack propagation arc appeared in all of the examined specimens. The loads of the crack initiation and the strength levels of the specimens were determined to be positively related to the crack spacing d. It was found that the larger the d was, the larger the crack initiation load and tensile strength values would be. In the present study, the crack paths in the numerical simulations based on the MTS criterion were determined to be consistent with the experiment results.
Mechanism Study of Hydrocarbon Differential Distribution Controlled by the Activity of Growing Faults in Faulted Basins: Case Study of Paleogene in the Wang Guantun Area, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Wang Xixin , Zhou Xinrui , Li Shaohua , Zhang Naidan , Ji Ling , Lu Hang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mechanisms that lead to different quantities of hydrocarbon accumulation in complex fault blocks are a major subject that impacts further development plans of oil and gas fields. To better understand such mechanisms, fault activity has been interpreted along with existing electron micrographs from the fault zone, petrophysical data, and the occurrence of the seismic pump. This enabled us to investigate the controlling mechanisms of the growth faults and other associated faults with the main growth fault in the Wang Guantun area that could have impacted hydrocarbon distribution. The results showed that the activity of Kongdong growth fault is periodic and intermittent, which produced strong seismic pumping action. Furthermore, a series of secondary faults were generated in adjacent strata due to the fault activity, which could have led to the formation of a secondary seismic pump source. A combination of these two incidents is believed to influence the differential distribution of hydrocarbons in the area, in fault-associated reservoirs. Ultimately, we correlated the activity of the growth fault to the strength of the pumping force causing the distribution of hydrocarbons in the active parts of the faults (pump source position) on the horizontal plane and vertically located reservoirs to be more dominant.
Diagnóstico de maedi-visna em ovinos no estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Cechin Renan Augusto , Felicetti Perosa Fernanda , Gimenes da Silva Isabela , Mendes Ricardo Evandro , Ascoli Baldi Kelen Regina , Biscola Pereira Wanderson Adriano , Milagres Augusto Gomes Teane 
Published: January 2022

Maedi-visna é uma doença progressiva e multissistêmica que acomete ovinos, resultando em prejuízos socioeconômicos significativos, devido à mortalidade de animais e à possíveis barreiras comerciais. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a ocorrência do lentivírus que causa a maedi-visna em ovinos através da técnica de PCR convencional em amostras biológicas. Ao nosso conhecimento, a enfermidade nunca foi diagnosticada no estado de Santa Catarina. Cinco ovinos adultos da raça Texel, oriundos de duas propriedades do município de Concórdia (SC), apresentaram quadro clínico de dispneia e/ou ataxia, emagrecimento progressivo, seguido de morte e foram enviados ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) para diagnóstico. Os animais foram submetidos à necropsia, sendo fragmentos de vários órgãos, incluindo pulmão e encéfalo, colhidos em formol 10% para análise histopatológica, e congelados para PCR. Em uma das propriedades, o sangue total de 11 ovinos foi colhido para detectar a circulação do vírus no rebanho. As amostras de tecido e sangue foram submetidas a técnicas distintas de extração de DNA e testadas por PCR convencional específica para o vírus de maedi-visna. Na necropsia, as principais lesões observadas nos ovinos foram: pulmões não colabados, de consistência elástica e hipocreptante (4/5); e encéfalo com hiperemia difusa e área focal de malácia na substância branca (1/5). Na histopatologia, foram descritos pneumonia intersticial linfocítica com proliferação nodular peribronquiolar de tecido linfóide em quatro animais, e encefalite não supurativa com malácia e células Gitter em um animal. As lesões anatomopatológicas foram compatíveis com a doença maedi-visna, e o diagnóstico confirmado por PCR de pulmão.
Dos 11 animais vivos avaliados, cinco amostras de papa de leucócitos tiveram resultado positivo através da PCR, confirmando a circulação do vírus no rebanho. As prováveis causas de introdução da doença no estado são pela aquisição de animais de regiões onde a doença já ocorre, assim como a possibilidade de transmissão através de sêmen ou embriões infectados. As medidas de prevenção e controle preconizadas tem o intuito de restringir a transmissão horizontal do vírus entre os animais, evitando o contato de animais sadios com animais infectados, principalmente o contato de ovelhas infectadas com seus borregos. A realização de testes de diagnóstico sensível como a PCR, em intervalos regulares, também é recomendada. Maedi-visna é uma enfermidade que carece de vacina e tratamento e, portanto, medidas eficazes de controle e prevenção são necessárias para evitar a disseminação no estado.
Case Study Details Reserves and Resource Management During a Merger
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 206322, “Business-Oriented Reserves and Resource Management: Experiences From a Merger,” by Thies Dose, SPE, and Gunar Kachel, Wintershall Dea, prepared for the 2021 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, 21–23 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
In May 2019, the merger between Wintershall and DEA Deutsche Erdoel was closed, which was the birth of Wintershall Dea (WD). A system for internal reporting of petroleum resources described in the paper provides a fit-for-purpose approach, such as a consistent interpretation of commerciality criteria or definition of resources subclasses. A systematic resource-control system is defined, focusing on internal review, external and internal audits, and synergetic use of project reviews.

Merging Existing Resource Reporting
Legacy Wintershall reported resources both according to the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS) and the Securities Exchange Commission. PRMS reserves subclasses were reported according to project maturity (i.e., On Production, Approved for Development, and Justified for Development). This classification illustrates the project status of assets within the portfolio. The conversion factor from gas to oil equivalent was 5,600 scf/BOE, accounting for a high fraction of caloric gas in the portfolio. The official reserves and resource reporting of the legacy company toward its stakeholders was based on internally estimated reserves and resources figures. This was backed up by regular external reserves and selected contingent resources (CR) audits for control and calibration of the reported numbers.
Legacy DEA reported resources according to PRMS only. Reserves subclassification was based on reserves status (i.e., Developed Producing, Developed Nonproducing, and Undeveloped). This highlighted the differentiation according to operational and funding status (Fig. 1). DEA’s reserves reporting was directly taken from external reserve audits, whereas CR were compiled from internal estimates.
Because the portfolios of both legacy companies were mixed with respect to petroleum products, results needed to be normalized based on BOE. For the sake of consistency, all gas resources from legacy DEA were reconverted to oil-equivalent standards of legacy Wintershall.
To lay groundwork for the respective filing of documents, various 1P and 2P reserves information from audits executed by the legacy companies had to be aggregated to provide a reliable and consolidated database for investors.
Technology Focus: Bits and Bottomhole Assemblies (December 2021)
Authors: Mensa-Wilmot Graham 
Published: January 2022

Well construction must always be executed safely at reduced operational costs, while ensuring appropriate wellbore quality and placement, per asset team requirements. Consequently, analysis of drilling efficiency, a critical performance indicator, has moved from maximizing rate of penetration (ROP) to improving cycle time. This recognition establishes the need for holistic solutions that address drilling challenges and promote efficient improvement strategies. This endeavor achieves well construction objectives, with associated reductions in cycle time and operations costs.
Holistic solutions must start with project analysis and comparisons to offsets to identify application differences and similarities. These evaluations establish project risks, which ultimately have positive or negative effects on well construction. Consequently, implications from these risks (limiters and potential dysfunctions) must be addressed in the planning phase, or preparations must be made for their remediation during project execution. It is not enough to know what worked or failed. Rather, it is essential to understand why and how specific trends, events, results, or relationships come about. Effective and permanent remediations for all drilling dysfunctions must focus on identification and analysis of their initiating risks.
Additionally, holistic solutions require detailed analysis of drilling systems, which include bits and reamers, bottomhole assemblies (BHAs), drive systems, hydraulics considerations, and drilling-parameter ranges and roadmaps. In addition to establishing component relevance, this effort must ensure their functional compatibility and effectiveness at addressing project risks. Drilling-parameter roadmaps must focus on well construction objectives and cycle time reduction, not ROP maximization. In this regard, cycle time is defined as the cumulative time associated with the following operations: pick up the BHA, drill out, drill ahead, trip out of hole, and run casing. Bits and BHAs have a major role in this discussion.
The industry’s fast-developing capabilities with modeling and deeper under-standing of downhole tools and systems, coupled with applications based on big data analytics, are leading these efforts. The door has been kicked open. Let’s walk through.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 205965 - Oil and Gas Drilling Optimization Technologies Applied Successfully to Unconventional Geothermal Well Drilling by Junichi Sugiura, Sanvean Technologies, et al.
SPE 205993 - Using Downhole Sampled High-Frequency Torsional Oscillation Measurements for Identifying Stringers and Minimizing Operational Invisible Lost Time by Andreas Hohl, Baker Hughes, et al.
SPE 206064 - Mud Motor PDM Dynamics: An Analytical Model by Robello Samuel, Halliburton, et al.
Delaware Basin Case History Details Economic Benefit of Water-Recycling Program
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204166, “Turning Produced Water Into an Asset: A Delaware Basin Case History,” by Dustin Aro, SPE, and Steven Fowler, SPE, Precision Petroleum Solutions, prepared for the 2021 SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition, held virtually 4–6 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Well completion operations are affected by freshwater procurement costs starting at approximately $0.75/bbl. Regardless of final fracturing design, water consumption during fracturing operations typically exceeds 500,000 bbl, or $375,000 per well at the time of writing. Significant value exists for recycling produced water by an on-lease pit that can be used for future fracturing operations. The case history outlined in the complete paper explores a multiwell sectional development in the Delaware Basin by a small operator that reduced drilling and completion costs, along with lease operating expenses, by turning undesirable produced water into an asset.

Regulatory Considerations
Because the Delaware Basin straddles two states, it is important to understand the guidelines and processes of pursuing produced-water recycling operations in Texas as opposed to New Mexico. The operations discussed were executed and managed on the Texas side. While contractor familiarity can be beneficial during the planning stages, the operator also must be well-versed in applicable regulations. It is advisable to consult with legal counsel regarding liability should an unplanned discharge event occur.

Lease Development History
Before the beginning of initial completions operations, three freshwater wells were drilled on-lease with the intention of use for fracturing operations. The flow rate from the three wells was insufficient to keep up with fracturing operations by an aboveground storage tank (AST). A large-volume fracturing pit was not constructed. The initial completion on Well 1, targeting the Wolfcamp C bench, was executed primarily with fresh water sourced from a third-party pit that was transferred to a nearby AST. During production, Well 1 maintained a high water cut (greater than 90%) and produced a significant amount of water over time.
Additional infrastructure would be required to fully exploit the existing freshwater wells as a source for future completions activity. Operator break-even treatment costs have been determined to be the most favorable when using a centralized pipeline water-management program. A pit would act as a centralized gathering point with temporary pipeline infrastructure for water-transfer purposes.
An internal economic analysis was undertaken to determine construction costs for a pit that could accommodate 500,000 bbl or 1,000,000 bbl of fresh water. The option of constructing a pit that could handle produced water also was included for comparison.
Evaluation of the gastrointestinal parasite burden of goats in traditional breeding in Benin
Authors: CHALLATON Pierre Kétomon , Akouedegni Guénolé Coovi , Boko Cyrille Kadoéito , Alowanou Géorcelin Goué , Houndonougbo Venant Pascal , Kifouly Aboudou Habirou , Hounzangbe-Adote Sylvie Mawulé 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Goat farming in Benin is traditional. In this system, animals harbor parasites that cause economic losses related to growth and reproduction performance, which strongly affect farm productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastrointestinal parasite burden of goats in Benin. Thus, feces were sampled from 572 and 497 goats in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, in southern, central and northern Benin. The parasite inventory was performed using the Mini-FLOTAC technique for the quantitative study and the Baermann method for the qualitative research. The results showed an overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of 96.82%. Furthermore, goats were mainly infected with Coccidia (92.24%); strongyles (83.91%), of which the critical genera were Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp, and Oesophagostomum spp; Strongyloides spp (73.25%) followed by Moniezia spp (21.8%). Other gastrointestinal parasites retrieved were Trichuris spp (0.94%) and Toxocara spp (0.28%). Infestation rates and the number of Eggs Per Gram of feces (EPG) were higher in the wet season than in the dry season. During the wet season, infestations were severe for strongyles, Moniezia spp, coccidian, and moderate for Strongyloides spp and light during the dry season except for Coccidia, where they were intense. Infestation rates and egg excretion of gastrointestinal parasites were shaped by age, sex, breed, and study areas. This knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites will help guide the surveillance of goat parasitosis in Benin.
PragmaTic, ProspEctive, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, MulTi-Centre, Multinational Study on the Safety and Efficacy of a 6% HydroxYethyl Starch (HES) Solution Versus an Electrolyte Solution in Trauma Patients: Study Protocol for the TETHYS Study
Authors: Palma Clementina Duran , Mamba Musawenkosi , Geldenhuys Johan , Fadahun Oluwafolajimi , Rossaint Rolf , Zacharowski Kai , Brand Martin , Díaz-Cambronero Óscar , Belda F. Javier , Westphal Martin , Brauer Ute , Dormann Dirk , Dehnhardt Tamara , Hernandez-Gonzalez Martin , Schmier Sonja , Boer Dianne de Korte-de , Plani Frank , Buhre Wolfgang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTrauma may be associated with significant to life-threatening blood loss, which in turn may increase the risk of complications and death, particularly in the absence of adequate treatment. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions are used for volume therapy to treat hypovolemia due to acute blood loss to maintain or re-establish hemodynamic stability with the ultimate goal to avoid organ hypoperfusion and cardiovascular collapse. The current study compares a 6% HES 130 solution (Volulyte 6%) versus an electrolyte solution (Ionolyte) for volume replacement therapy in adult patients with traumatic injuries, as requested by the European Medicines Agency to gain more insights into the safety and efficacy of HES in the setting of trauma care. MethodsTETHYS is a pragmatic, prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter, multinational trial performed in two parallel groups. Eligible consenting adults >18 years, with an estimated blood loss of ≥ 500 ml, and in whom initial surgery is deemed necessary within 24 hours after blunt or penetrating trauma, will be randomized to receive intravenous treatment at an individualized dose with either a 6% HES 130, or an electrolyte solution, for a maximum of 24 hours or until reaching the maximum daily dose of 30 ml/kg body weight, whatever occurs first. Sample size is estimated as 175 patients per group, 350 patients total (α=0.025 one-tailed, power 1–β=0.8). Composite primary endpoint evaluated in an exploratory manner will be 90-day mortality and 90-day renal failure, defined as AKIN stage ≥ 2, RIFLE injury/failure stage, or use of renal replacement therapy (RRT) during the first 3 months. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints are fluid administration and balance, changes in vital signs and hemodynamic status, changes in laboratory parameters including renal function, coagulation, and inflammation biomarker, incidence of adverse events during treatment period, hospital, and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, fitness for ICU or hospital discharge, and duration of mechanical ventilation and/or RRT. DiscussionThis pragmatic study will increase the evidence on safety and efficacy of 6% HES 130 for treatment of hypovolemia secondary to acute blood loss in trauma patients. Trial registration Registered in EudraCT, No.: 2016-002176-27 (21/04/2017) and ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03338218 (09/11/2017)Abstract word count: 349 (max 350)Trial status Recruitment phase, as of 02/12/2021. End of recruitment is expected by 30/04/2022
The Relationship Between Demographic And Clinical Factors And Cancer-Related Fatigue
Authors: Emami Payam , Azadmehr Farhad , Membari Kosar , Zareie Farzad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction and Objective: One of the most common and debilitating cancer-related problems experienced by patients at any stage of the disease is fatigue. The present study aimed at determining the relationship between demographic and clinical factors with cancer-related fatigue in patients referring to oncology clinics of selected hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018.Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlational one. As many as 160 cancer patients entered the present study. These patients had already referred to oncology clinics of selected hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The participants were selected based convenience sampling. Data collection tools included demographic information and a multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory short form, the validity of which was assessed by ten professors of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, at Shahid Beheshti University. Moreover, for the reliability of the questionnaire by internal consistency method, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was reported to be 81%. After collecting data, the data obtained from the study were analyzed using SPSS-22.Results: According to the results of the present study in which 160 cancer patients entered, the mean age of patients was 55.51 ± 14.27 years; Most of the patients were married men. The results of independent t-test to compare the mean total score of fatigue in patients with a family history of cancer and patients without a history showed a significant difference (P = 0.016, t = 2.429). However, no significant difference was observed between the mean total score of fatigue in patients with a history of drug use and patients with no history of drug use (P = 0.314, t = -1.010). The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference between marital status and general level of fatigue (P = 0.122, F = 1.961).Conclusion: In the present study, the type of treatment and family history of cancer were factors that were associated with cancer-related fatigue. Therefore, in addition to providing physical care and nursing interventions, giving due attention to the demographic and clinical components of cancer patients can play an effective role in treating fatigue in these patients.