bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More Continuous Mass-Lumped Triangular Finite Elements
Authors: Mulder Wim A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen solving the wave equation with finite elements, mass lumping allows for explicit time stepping, avoiding the cost of a lower-upper decomposition of the large sparse mass matrix. Mass lumping on the reference element amounts to numerical quadrature. The weights should be positive for stable time stepping and preserve numerical accuracy. The standard triangular polynomial elements, except for the linear element, do not have these properties. Accuracy can be preserved by augmenting them with higher-degree polynomials in the interior. This leaves the search for elements with positive weights, which were found up to degree 9 by various authors. The classic accuracy condition, however, is too restrictive. A sharper, less restrictive condition recently led to new mass-lumped tetrahedral elements up to degree 4. Compared to the known ones up to degree 3, they have less nodes and are computationally more efficient. The same criterion is applied here to the construction of triangular elements. For degrees 2 to 4, these turn out to be identical to the known ones. For degree 5, the number of nodes is the same as for the known element, but now there are infinitely many solutions. Some of these have a considerably larger stability limit for time stepping. For degree 6, two elements are found with less nodes than the known ones. For degree 7, one element with less nodes was found but with a negative weight, making it useless for time stepping with the wave equation. If the number of nodes is the same as for the classic element, there are now infinitely many solutions. Numerical tests for a homogeneous wave-propagation problem with a point source confirm the expected accuracy of the new elements. Some of them require less compute time than those obtained with the more restrictive accuracy criterion.
Longitudinal-transverse soliton chains analog to heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chains in (2+1) dimensional with biquadrant interactions
Authors: Abel-Gawad H. I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn quantum spin systems, lower energy state for a nuclear spin in an external field is spin ($$+1/2$$

+
1
/
2

) while the higher energy state is spin ($$-1/2$$

-
1
/
2

). A continuum analog to the discrete model led to nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) with higher order dispersion. Recently, a model equation with bilinear and biquadratic interactions in the (2 + 1) dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain (HFSC), was derived in the literature. This model equation is a NLSE with quartic dispersion and fifth degree nonlinearity, and it was rarely considered in the literature. The, only, work done has shown solitons solutions. This motivated us to consider this problem for inspecting the multiple characteristics of the HFSC in space-time. Here, the exact solutions of the HFSC biquadratic model equation are obtained by using the unified method (UM). In applications, it is found the UM is of low time cost in symbolic computations. So, we think that it prevails the known methods. The solutions obtained are evaluated numerically and shown in figures.These figures reveal that the solutions exhibit longitudinal-transverse (L-T) solitons chains (SCs) with presence (or absence) of tunneling, depending on the values of the parameters of high dispersivity and high nonlinearity. Also, L-T zig-zag SCs are observed, where pulses with higher amplitudes (or gaps) occur along a characteristic line. Furthermore, L-TSCs modulation along the space axes is shown. It is remarked that the contour plots show complex lattice waves, which is relevant to the spin chain system. So, the present work reveals new solitons structures induced by bilinear-biquadratic interactions of HFSC.
The political economy of Solon’s law against neutrality in civil wars
Authors: Schwuchow Soeren C. , Tridimas George 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn 594 BCE, the Athenian lawgiver Solon, called upon to resolve a deepening social crisis, introduced a new constitution and mandated that in civil conflicts, no citizen is to remain apathetic and must take sides. Because the law seemed to support strife, it presents a puzzle. The paper offers a political economy rationale for Solon’s law against neutrality, modeling social conflict as a rent-seeking competition. We divide society into three groups, a hereditary aristocracy, which monopolized power before the Solonian constitution, a rival wealth-based commercial elite, called the new Solonian elite, and the poor, who are enfranchised only partly. We then identify the conditions under which the third group is better off by allying with one of the other groups, protecting the Solonian constitution. In our framework, Solon’s ban on neutrality is an attempt to change the payoffs from violent redistributions of rents, so that conflict is avoided. Accordingly, the ban should not only impede excessive rent seeking, but also prevent the exclusion of any social group.
An efficient DBSCAN optimized by arithmetic optimization algorithm with opposition-based learning
Authors: Yang Yang , Qian Chen , Li Haomiao , Gao Yuchao , Wu Jinran , Liu Chan-Juan , Zhao Shangrui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs unsupervised learning algorithm, clustering algorithm is widely used in data processing field. Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN), as a common unsupervised learning algorithm, can achieve clusters via finding high-density areas separated by low-density areas based on cluster density. Different from other clustering methods, DBSCAN can work well for any shape clusters in the spatial database and can effectively cluster exceptional data. However, in the employment of DBSCAN, the parameters, EPS and MinPts, need to be preset for different clustering object, which greatly influences the performance of the DBSCAN. To achieve automatic optimization of parameters and improve the performance of DBSCAN, we proposed an improved DBSCAN optimized by arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) with opposition-based learning (OBL) named OBLAOA-DBSCAN. In details, the reverse search capability of OBL is added to AOA for obtaining proper parameters for DBSCAN, to achieve adaptive parameter optimization. In addition, our proposed OBLAOA optimizer is compared with standard AOA and several latest meta heuristic algorithms based on 8 benchmark functions from CEC2021, which validates the exploration improvement of OBL. To validate the clustering performance of the OBLAOA-DBSCAN, 5 classical clustering methods with 10 real datasets are chosen as the compare models according to the computational cost and accuracy. Based on the experimental results, we can obtain two conclusions: (1) the proposed OBLAOA-DBSCAN can provide highly accurately clusters more efficiently; and (2) the OBLAOA can significantly improve the exploration ability, which can provide better optimal parameters.
Usefulness of fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score and metabolic alterations in the prediction of SARS-CoV-2 severity
Authors: Lombardi Rosa , Mura Vincenzo La , Cespiati Annalisa , Iuculano Federica , Sigon Giordano , Pallini Giada , Proietti Marco , Motta Irene , Montinaro Beatrice , Fiorelli Elisa , Cesari Matteo , Bandera Alessandra , Valenti Luca , Peyvandi Flora , Montano Nicola , Baldini Marina , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite vaccination programs, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains a public health problem. Identifying key prognostic determinants of severity of the disease may help better focus health resources. The negative prognostic role for metabolic and hepatic alterations is established; however, the interplay among different metabolic comorbidities and their interconnections with the liver have never been explored.The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of liver alterations in addition to metabolic comorbidities as a predictor of SARS-CoV-2 severity. 382 SARS-CoV-2 patients were enrolled. Severe SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed according to international consensus. Transaminases > 2 times the upper limit of normality (2ULN), hepatic steatosis (by ultrasound and/or computed tomography in 133 patients), and FIB-4 defined liver alterations. All data were collected on admission. The results are severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in 156 (41%) patients (mean age 65 ± 17; 60%males). Prevalence of obesity was 25%; diabetes, 17%; hypertension, 44%; dyslipidaemia, 29%; with 13% of the cohort with ≥ 3 metabolic alterations. Seventy patients (18%) had transaminases > 2ULN, 82 (62%) steatosis; 199 (54%) had FIB-4 < 1.45 and 45 (12%) > 3.25. At multivariable analysis, ≥ 3 metabolic comorbidities (OR 4.1, CI 95% 1.8–9.1) and transaminases > 2ULN (OR 2.6, CI 95% 1.3–6.7) were independently associated with severe SARS-CoV-2. FIB-4 < 1.45 was a protective factor (OR 0.42, CI 95% 0.23–0.76). Hepatic steatosis had no impact on disease course. The presence of metabolic alterations is associated with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the higher the number of coexisting comorbidities, the higher the risk of severe disease. Normal FIB-4 values are inversely associated with advanced SARS-CoV-2 regardless of metabolic comorbidities, speculating on use of these values to stratify the risk of severe infection.
Flavor release and stability comparison between nano and conventional emulsion as influenced by saliva
Authors: Sanni Oluwatofunmi , Lakemond Catriona M. , Benjamin Ofir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlavour release and emulsion stability depend on volatile organic compounds' environmental conditions, food microstructure, and physicochemical properties. The effect of pH (3.5 vs 7.0) and saliva addition on stability and flavour release from nano and conventional emulsions was investigated using particle size, charge and Lumisizer measurments. Larger particle sizes were observed at lower pressures and in saliva-containing emulsions. At 1700 bar, nano-emulsions (below 150 nm) were created at pH 3.5 and 7.0 including saliva-containing emulsions. As was clear from the creaming velocity measurements, saliva addition decreased the emulsion stability by reducing particle charges and increased viscosity by more than 50%, especially when prepared at pH 3.5 closer to the isoelectric point of the used emulsifier β-lactoglobulin (pH 5.2). (5.2). Flavour release from emulsions was measured at equilibrium using a phase ratio variation to determine partition coefficients and dynamically using an electronic nose. Partition coefficients of the flavour compounds for most conditions were two to four times lower in emulsions prepared at pH 7.0 than at pH 3.5 and in emulsions without saliva. Emulsions prepared with higher pressures showed stronger flavor release rates, while additional salvia dropped the release rate for ethyl acetate at pH 3.5. The physicochemical properties of flavour compounds, saliva addition and pH of emulsions influenced flavour release more than homogenization pressures. The potential in using nano-emulsions in food applications an be attributed higher stability and enhanced flavor release.
Risk factors associated with early mortality after recovery from severe listeriosis: a multicentre 17-year longitudinal study
Authors: Rivera-Izquierdo Mario , Galicia-García María Dolores , Láinez-Ramos-Bossini Antonio Jesús , Redruello-Guerrero Pablo , Fernández-Martínez Nicolás Francisco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Listeriosis presents high rates of mortality but prognostic factors for early prevention are not well established. The aim of this study was to analyse factors associated with in-hospital and early mortality of adults after recovery from severe infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes.

Methods
All cases of listeriosis notified in the province of Granada from January 2005 to December 2021, including 9 centres, were included. Only laboratory confirmed non-neonatal cases were considered. Follow-up was conducted by accessing medical records and epidemiological data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to detect potential risk factors associated to in-hospital mortality, 1-year, and 5-year early death after recovery. Multivariate Cox regression models were performed. A total of 206 patients were identified.

Results
The mean age was 62.6 years (sd, 18.8). A high frequency of comorbidities (88.3%) was observed, and 42 patients (20.4%) died during hospitalisation. Of the patients who recovered from acute infection, 26 (15.9%) died during the following year and 47 (28.7%) died during the following 5 years. The main factors associated with early mortality after recovery were age (HR: 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.07), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.01–3.44), chronic kidney disease (HR 3.96, 95% CI 1.87–8.38), liver disease (HR 3.62, 95% CI 1.64–8.51), and cancer (HR 3.76, 95% CI 1.90–7.46).

Conclusion
Listeriosis is associated with high early post-recovery mortality. Our study describes the main prognostic factors, which may help to improve preventive follow-up strategies of adults with severe listeriosis.
Ternary Egyptian fractions with prime denominator
Authors: Mond Adva , Portier Julien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor a prime number p, let $$A_3(p)= | \{ m \in \mathbb {N}: \exists m_1,m_2,m_3 \in \mathbb {N}, \frac{m}{p}=\frac{1}{m_1}+\frac{1}{m_2}+\frac{1}{m_3} \} |$$

A
3

(
p
)

=

|

{
m
∈
N
:
∃

m
1

,

m
2

,

m
3

∈
N
,

m
p

=

1

m
1

+

1

m
2

+

1

m
3

}

|

. In 2019 Luca and Pappalardi proved that $$x (\log x)^3 \ll \sum _{p \le x} A_{3}(p) \ll x (\log x)^5$$

x

(
log
x
)

3

≪

∑

p
≤
x

A
3

(
p
)

≪
x

(
log
x
)

5

. We improve the upper bound, showing $$\sum _{p \le x} A_{3}(p) \ll x (\log x)^3 (\log \log x)^2$$

∑

p
≤
x

A
3

(
p
)

≪
x

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log
x
)

3

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log
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)

2

.
Risk Management in Drug-Device Combination Product Development
Authors: Kumoluyi Robin , Khanolkar Amit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBreakthrough innovations in drug and biologic based therapies as well as technological developments in design and development of medical devices have led to the rapid rise in the use of combination products in the last few decades. The resulting maturity of combination products as a global market category has led to 3 key trends: expanding adoption of medical devices for drug delivery, increasing complexity, and growing awareness of product experience and risk. Adoption of integrated combination product risk management enables robust product development and manufacturing strategies as well as facilitates alignment with regulators for efficient regulatory pathways and predictable outcomes.
Modeling of Ventilation’s Influence on Energy Consumption in Multi-cylinder Dryer Section Part 2: Simulations and Applications
Authors: Yin Yongjun , Yang Jingjing , Jia Yanlong , Lan Shuang , Liao Zhaoli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVentilation system affects the water evaporation rate, energy consumption and the paper quality, which is considered as the largest optimization potential part of multi-cylinder dryer section. In this paper, energy consumption models of multi-cylinder dryer section are constructed by combining energy modules of moisture evaporation, heat recovery system, air heaters, supply air and exhaust air. Taking a corrugated paper machine as an example, ventilation system influence on the energy consumption of drying system is analyzed systematically. It is concluded that reducing the temperature of supply air and increasing exhaust humidity as much as possible to save energy consumption on the premise of meeting the safety production. The increase of supply air humidity will lead to the increase of steam consumption for heating supply air, power consumption of fans, and the total steam consumption in the drying process, so the intake point of supply air should be chosen at the point with low absolute humidity. The models can predict the energy consumption of ventilation system adjustment and optimization, and provide a method for energy-saving evaluation of ventilation system technical transformation in drying process.
Role of Frictional Processes in Mesoscale Eddy Available Potential Energy Budget in the Global Ocean
Authors: Yang Peiran , Jing Zhao , Wang Hong , Wu Lixin , Chen Yuhu , Zhou Shenghui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMesoscale eddies in the global ocean are thought to be powered primarily through transfer from available potential energy stored in mean flows to eddy available potential energy (EAPE). Part of the EAPE is further converted to eddy kinetic energy (EKE) with the residue dissipated through diabatic processes. Currently, the effect of frictional processes on the EAPE budget has not been thoroughly analyzed. Using an eddy‐resolving (1/10°) global climate simulation, we demonstrate that frictionally driven mesoscale eddy flow plays an important role in the EAPE budget, accounting for more than 30% of the EAPE‐to‐EKE conversion in the global ocean and dominating its seasonal cycle. This role can be understood based on the turbulent thermal wind balance under which the frictional force induces an ageostrophic secondary circulation producing a prominent EAPE‐to‐EKE conversion in the winter surface boundary layer.
Enhanced Ventilation in Energetic Regions of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Dove Lilian A. , Balwada Dhruv , Thompson Andrew F. , Gray Alison R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFlow‐topography interactions along the path of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current generate standing meanders, create regions of enhanced eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and modify frontal structure. We consider the impact of standing meanders on ventilation based on oxygen measurements from Argo floats and the patterns of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU). Regions of high‐EKE have relatively reduced AOU values at depths 200–700 m below the base of the mixed layer and larger AOU variance, suggesting enhanced ventilation due to both along‐isopycnal stirring and enhanced exchange across the base of the mixed layer. Vertical exchange is inferred from finite‐size Lyapunov exponents, a proxy for the magnitude of surface lateral density gradients, which suggest that submesoscale vertical velocities may contribute to ventilation. The shaping of ventilation by standing meanders has implications for the temporal and spatial variability of air‒sea exchange.
Gravity‐Wave‐Driven Seasonal Variability of Temperature Differences Between ECMWF IFS and Rayleigh Lidar Measurements in the Lee of the Southern Andes
Authors: Gisinger Sonja , Polichtchouk Inna , Dörnbrack Andreas , Reichert Robert , Kaifler Bernd , Kaifler Natalie , Rapp Markus , Sandu Irina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLong‐term high‐resolution temperature data of the Compact Rayleigh Autonomous Lidar (CORAL) is used to evaluate temperature and gravity wave (GW) activity in ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) over Río Grande (53.79°S, 67.75°W), which is a hot spot of stratospheric GWs in winter. Seasonal and altitudinal variations of the temperature differences between the IFS and lidar are studied for 2018 with a uniform IFS version. Moreover, interannual variations are considered taking into account updated IFS versions. We find monthly mean temperature differences <2 K at 20–40 km altitude. At 45–55 km, the differences are smaller than 4 K during summer. The largest differences are found during winter (4 K in May 2018 and −10 K in August 2018, July 2019 and 2020). The width of the difference distribution (15th/85th percentiles), the root mean square error, and maximum differences between instantaneous individual profiles are also larger during winter (>±10 K) and increase with altitude. We relate this seasonal variability to middle atmosphere GW activity. In the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere, the observed temperature differences result from both GW amplitude and phase differences. The IFS captures the seasonal cycle of GW potential energy (Ep) well, but underestimates Ep in the middle atmosphere. Experimental IFS simulations without damping by the model sponge for May and August 2018 show an increase in the monthly mean Ep above 45 km from only ≈10% of the Ep derived from the lidar measurements to 26% and 42%, respectively. GWs not resolved in the IFS are likely explaining the remaining underestimation of the Ep.
Surface Ocean Biogeochemistry Regulates the Impact of Anthropogenic Aerosol Fe Deposition on the Cycling of Iron and Iron Isotopes in the North Pacific
Authors: König D. , Conway T. M. , Hamilton D. S. , Tagliabue A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDistinctively‐light isotopic signatures associated with Fe released from anthropogenic activity have been used to trace basin‐scale impacts. However, this approach is complicated by the way Fe cycle processes modulate oceanic dissolved Fe (dFe) signatures (δ56Fediss) post deposition. Here we include dust, wildfire, and anthropogenic aerosol Fe deposition in a global ocean biogeochemical model with active Fe isotope cycling, to quantify how anthropogenic Fe impacts surface ocean dFe and δ56Fediss. Using the North Pacific as a natural laboratory, the response of dFe, δ56Fediss, and primary productivity are spatially and seasonally variable and do not simply follow the footprint of atmospheric deposition. Instead, the effect of anthropogenic Fe is regulated by the biogeochemical regime, specifically the degree of Fe limitation and rates of primary production. Overall, we find that while δ56Fediss does trace anthropogenic input, the response is muted by fractionation during phytoplankton uptake, but amplified by other isotopically‐light Fe sources.
A Century of Observed Temperature Change in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Wenegrat J. O. , Bonanno E. , Rack U. , Gebbie G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Indian Ocean is warming rapidly, with widespread effects on regional weather and global climate. Sea‐surface temperature records indicate this warming trend extends back to the beginning of the 20th century, however the lack of a similarly long instrumental record of interior ocean temperatures leaves uncertainty around the subsurface trends. Here we utilize unique temperature observations from three historical German oceanographic expeditions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries: SMS Gazelle (1874–1876), Valdivia (1898–1899), and SMS Planet (1906–1907). These observations reveal a mean 20th century ocean warming that extends over the upper 750 m, and a spatial pattern of subsurface warming and cooling consistent with a 1°–2° southward shift of the southern subtropical gyre. These interior changes occurred largely over the last half of the 20th century, providing observational evidence for the acceleration of a multidecadal trend in subsurface Indian Ocean temperature.
A Filtered Model for the Tropical Intraseasonal Moisture Mode
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe authors propose a new analytic approximation to aid understanding of the “moisture modes” that arise in idealized models of tropical intraseasonal oscillations. The approximation makes use of the separation between the time scale of the large scale flow and that of convective adjustment, but does not neglect the moisture tendency. The approximation filters out equatorial Kelvin waves, so that the only remaining mode is the intraseasonal moisture mode. Some physical insights are more transparent under the approximation: (a) vertical advection of moisture or temperature lead to a diffusion‐type operator that damps short waves, and instability is strongest at planetary scale. (b) A positive effective gross moist stability appears in a wave operator, while a negative effective gross moist stability leads to instabilities whose growth rates increase with zonal wavenumber. (c) Zonal moisture advection and surface flux feedbacks are crucial for both planetary instability and eastward propagation.