bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooling effect of the pocket park in the built-up block of a city: a case study in Xi’an, China
Authors: Ma Dixuan , Wang Yupeng , Zhou Dian , Zhu Zongzhou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pocket parks, the green infrastructures with small size and flexible layout, are suitable for thermal environment improvement in the urban built-up block with limited green space. To quantify the relationship between pocket parks and the thermal environment in western China, two parks in the built-up block of Xi ’an were selected. By field measurement, the cooling effect could be extended one hundred meters from the park boundary, connecting between two parks. Furthermore, the road and greening within the block demonstrate significant influence on the cooling diffusion by regression analysis. Based on ENVI-met simulation, the ratio of the tree and the grass, the layout of the tree and the grass, and the layout of the paving, were analyzed at different proportions of greening and paving of park. Finally, combination of the daytime Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and nighttime air temperature was proposed to choose the optimum layouts: the trees concentrated in the center and the pavement with more roads. Results can provide insights for designing pocket parks based on the thermal environment improvement.
Effect of rare-earth (Re3+) ions on the optoelectrical parameters of lithium sulfate monohydrate crystals
Authors: Najar Fayaz Ahmad , Bhat Bilal H. , Mir Feroz A. , Vakil Gowher B. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The effect of rare-earth Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions on the optoelectrical parameters of lithium sulfate monohydrate (LSMH) crystals grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique was observed. The information extracted from transmittance and reflectance spectra proved helpful in determining refractive index, extinction coefficient and various other parameters for these crystals. The effect on the volume/surface energy loss functions, optical energy gap, band tail width and tangent loss factor due to doping in these crystals were discussed. The impact of rare-earth ions on dispersion parameters derived from Wemple-DiDomeenico single oscillator model, Cauchy dispersion relation and on optoelectrical parameters derived from Drude theory was also studied. The other different parameters like optical conductivity, electronic polarizability, nonlinear refractive index, optical electronegativity, nonlinear optical susceptibility, optical and chemical hardness also get affected by doping of rare-earth ions. The relation between group and phase velocity in terms of group index in these crystals was also discussed. However, some empirical and semi-empirical rules have been used to calculate the value of the refractive index.
Safety and feasibility evaluation of external ventricular drainage with ACTIVE fluid exchange in intraventricular hemorrhage: A phase 2, multi-center, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Haldrup Mette , Mohamad Niwar , Rasmussen Mads , Thorup Line , Dyrskog Stig , Simonsen Claus Ziegler , Miscov Rares , Bjarkam Carsten , Grønhøj Mads , Poulsen Frantz Rom , Korshøj Anders 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPrimary intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or IVH secondary to intracerebral- (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are known to have a very poor prognosis, with an expected mortality between 50% and 80%(1). Clearance of IVH might improve patient outcome. MethodsThe study is designed as an investigator-initiated, comparative, prospective, multi-center, 1:1 randomized phase 2 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of active irrigation in external ventricular drainage (intervention arm - IRRAflow) compared to passive external ventricular drainage (control arm - EVD).The trial will enroll 58 patients with primary or secondary IVH. Major eligibility criteria include age >18 years of age, IVH documented on head CT or MRI scan (Graeb Score ≥3), need of cerebrospinal fluid drainage, deterioration of consciousness or medical sedation at the time of enrollment, indication for active treatment evaluated by the treating physicians. Exclusion criteria included patients with fixed and dilated pupils, pregnant or nursing women. The primary endpoint of the study is catheter occlusion evaluated by time to first observed occlusion from VC placement. Secondary endpoints include clearance of ventricular blood as measured by head CT scan, rates of catheter related infection and shunt dependency, length of intensive care unit stay, functional status – Extended Glascow Outcome Scale (eGOS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge to rehabilitation and 90 days and mortality rates at 30 days and 90 days. DiscussionWith no standardized treatment for IVH and a poor prognosis, new treatments are needed. IVH patients often need CSF drainage to treat hydrocephalus and to decrease ICP. Standard treatment with passive external ventricular drainage is related to an increased risk of infections which is found in up to 22% of treated cases. The passive VC is known to have a risk of occlusion and is seen in 19-47% of the cases. We hypothesize that the use of active fluid change using the IRRAflow system will be safe and feasible and will reduce the occlusion- and infection rates in patients with IVH. Trial registrationClicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05204849, registered 15.12.2021, updated 24.01.2022
An oxygenated global ocean during the end-Triassic mass extinction event
Authors: Bond Andrew , Dickson Alexander , Ruhl Micha , Bos Remco , de Schootbrugge Bas van 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
One of the most severe extinctions of complex marine life in Earth’s history occurred at the end of the Triassic Period. The end-Triassic extinction event was initiated by large igneous province volcanism and has tentatively been linked to oceanic redox change. However, the global-scale pattern of oceanic redox across the end-Triassic event is not well constrained. Here we use the sedimentary enrichment and isotopic composition of the redox-sensitive element molybdenum to reconstruct global–local marine redox conditions through the extinction interval. Peak δ98Mo values indicate that the global distribution of sulfidic marine conditions was similar to the modern ocean during the extinction interval. Meanwhile, Tethyan shelf sediments record pulsed, positive δ98Mo excursions indicative of locally oxygen-poor, sulfidic conditions. We suggest that pulses of marine de-oxygenation were largely restricted to marginal marine environments during the latest Triassic, playing a significant role in shallow marine extinction phases at that time, whilst the Late Triassic global ocean remained well-oxygenated. Importantly, this shows that global marine biodiversity, and possibly ecosystem stability, were vulnerable to geographically localised anoxic conditions. Expanding present-day marine anoxia in response to anthropogenic marine nutrient supply and climate forcing may therefore have significant consequences for global biodiversity and wider ecosystem stability.
Effect of a curriculum transformation on pharmacy student self-efficacy, self-reported activities, and satisfaction in degree and career choice
Authors: Singh Harjit Kaur , Lyons Kayley Marie , Brock Tina Penick , Malone Daniel Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background.
Curriculum revision in healthcare programs occurs frequently, but to undergo a whole degree transformation is less common. Also, the outcomes of curriculum redesign interventions on the selfreported clinical decision making, experiences, and perceptions of graduates of health education programs is unclear. This study evaluated these factors as an outcome of a pharmacy degree whole-curriculum transformation.
Methods.
A 25-item cross-sectional end-of-course survey was developed to evaluate pharmacy student decisions, experiences, and perceptions upon completion of degree, pre- and post- curriculum transformation. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether the responses to the items classed within the main factors differed across the two cohorts. Independent t-tests were used to examine the student responses to the individual questions between the two cohorts.
Results.
Graduates from the transformed degree had greater self-efficacy in clinical activities, were more satisfied with their education, found course activities more useful, and were more confident in their career choice. Transformed pharmacy degree students also reported spending more time on weekdays and weekends on activities such as attending lectures and working. Student satisfaction with their choice to attend pharmacy school was also significantly higher in transformed degree students.
Conclusions.
Responses to the end of degree survey indicate that students who completed the transformed pharmacy curriculum have had positive experiences throughout their degree and felt more prepared for practice as pharmacists in comparison to students who completed the established degree. These results add value to those collected from other sources (e.g., student evaluations, assessment scores, preceptors focus groups, and other stakeholder inputs) consistent with a comprehensive quality improvement model.
ART1 knockdown decreases IL-6-induced proliferation activity in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Lin Ting , Zhang Shuxian , Tang Yi , Xiao Ming , Li Ming , Gong Hanjuan , Xie Hailun , Wang Yalan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health concern. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for CRC and IL-6 plays a central role in this process. Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases-1 (ART1) is a positive regulator of inflammatory cytokines, and ART1 knockdown can reduce the transcriptional activation of the gene promoter of the signal transducer, glycoprotein (gp)130, in IL-6 signaling pathway. However, the relationship between ART1 and IL-6 and its effects on IL-6-induced proliferation in CRC remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of ART1 knockdown on IL-6-induced cell proliferation in vitro, and used an in vivo murine model to observe the growth of the transplanted tumor. The results demonstrated that cancer cells transfected with ART1-sh exhibited lower viability, colony formation rate, DNA synthesis ability and protein expression levels of gp130, c-Myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-xL and phosphorylation ratio of p-STAT3/STAT3 (P < 0.05) after induction by IL-6. Moreover, the transplanted tumor volume of ART1-sh CT26 cells in mice with high IL-6 level was smaller (P < 0.05). It was also found that ART1 and gp130 had a co-localization relationship in CT26, LoVo and HCT116 cells, and there was a positive correlation between them in human CRC tissues. Taken together, ART1 may represent a novel and effective regulatory factor for IL-6 signaling and that it may serve as a new therapeutic target for human CRC.
Computational intelligence to study the importance of predictors in white oat (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Júnior Antônio Carlos Silva , Sant’Anna Isabela Castro , Siqueira Michele , Bhering Leonardo Lopes , Nascimento Moysés , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Silva José Antônio Gonzalez , Cruz Cosme Damião 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was to estimate the best approach for prediction and establish a network with better predictive power in white oat using methodologies based on regression, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Seventy-eight white oat genotypes were evaluated in 2008 and 2009. Were evaluated without and with fungicide, established prediction models in four experimental sets. The characteristics evaluated were grain yield, which was used as a response variable, and ten others as explanatory variables. Assessing the importance of variables through the impact of destructuring or disturbing the information of a given input on the estimation of R2. This importance was estimated by exchanging information or making the phenotypic value of each characteristic constant and checking for changes in the estimates of R2. When the values of a feature are disturbed, the value of R2 decreases, indicating that the feature is important over the others for prediction purposes. The importance of variables using the radial basis function network was estimated according to the MLP. For machine learning, decision trees, bagging, random forest, and boosting were used. The quality of the predictive model was adjusted based on R2 was used to quantify the importance of the phenotypic trait. The characters indicated to assist in decision-making are plant height, leaf rust severity, and lodging percentage. The R2 ranged from 30.14% − 96.45% and 10.57% − 94.61%, for computational intelligence and machine learning, respectively. The bagging technique showed a high estimate of the coefficient of determination more elevated than the others.
Isolation, characterization, and comparative genomic analysis of vB_BviS-A10Y, a novel bacteriophage from mangrove sediments
Authors: Zhang Tianyou , Zhang Menghui , Chen Yuan , Yu Meishun , Zeng Runying , Jin Min 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mangrove is among the most carbon-rich biomes on earth, and the role of viruses in modulating local and global carbon cycling has been extensively implicated. However, few viruses have been isolated from mangrove sediments to date. We reported the isolation of a novel Bacillus phage (named as phage vB_BviS-A10Y) from mangrove sediments. Phage vB_BviS-A10Y had a hexameric head with a diameter of ~79.22 nm and a tail length of  ~548.56 nm, which were typical features of Siphoviridae . vB_BviS-A10Y initiated host lysis at 3.5 h post infection with a burst size of 25 PFU/cell. The genome of phage vB_BviS-A10Y was 162,435 bp long with 225 predicted genes, and the GC content was 34.03%. A comparison of the whole genomes of phage vB_BviS-A10Y with known phage genomes in the IMG/VR database showed that phage vB_BviS-A10Y had the highest similarity (73.7%) with Bacillus phage PBC2. Interestingly, abundant auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were identified in vB_BviS-A10Y genome. The presence of β-1,3-glucosyltransferase gene in phage genome supported our previous hypothesis that mangrove viruses may directly manipulate carbon cycling through their encoded carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes. Therefore, our study will contribute to the better understanding of the diversity and potential roles of viruses in mangrove ecosystems.
MACF1 Deficiency Suppresses Tooth Mineralization through IGF1 mediated Crosstalk Between Odontoblasts and Ameloblasts
Authors: Qian Airong , Qiu Wuxia , Lin Xiao , Yang Shaoqing , Zhang Kewen , Yang Chaofei , Li Yu , Miao Zhiping , Deng Xiaoni , Duan Xiaohong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tooth mineralization is a ubiquitous and tightly regulated process in vertebrates which usually share the similar mechanisms of bone mineralization. However, key molecules in tooth mineralization remain poorly identified. Previously, we showed the crucial roles of MACF1 in promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In this study, odontoblast-specific Osx-Cre;Macf1f/f mice and in vitro cell culture systems were used to investigate the roles of MACF1 in tooth formation. We found that deficiency of MACF1 in odontoblast caused delayed development, abnormal morphology, decreased mineral density and deteriorated microarchitecture in both dentin and enamel of mice. The expression of odontoblast marker genes and ALP activity were suppressed in in vitro cultured Macf1 deficiency odontoblasts. Meanwhile, the ameloblast marker genes and ALP activity were also inhibited in ameloblasts co-cultured with the Macf1 deficiency odontoblasts, indicating the key roles of MACF1 in modulating the process of formation and mineralization in enamel and dentin. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of tooth germs and cytokine antibody array analysis of odontoblast mineralization-inducing medium proved that MACF1 deficiency in odontoblasts inhibited crosstalk between odontoblasts and ameloblasts through IGF1. Altogether, our studies have revealed a novel key molecule MACF1 in tooth mineralization and provided a new target for diseases related to dental development.
Transcriptome Analysis of the sh2 Mutant Reveals that sh2 Gene Mutation Affects Zein Accumulation in Maize Endosperm
Authors: Han Xiaohua , Zhou Bo , Xu Wen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Maize plants with a mutation of the shrunken2 (sh2) gene are characterized by a collapsed kernel, a phenotype that is associated with reduced starch synthesis. In this mutant, zein accumulation is significantly lower than that of wild-type maize during the kernel-filling stage. To gain a better understanding of how the sh2 gene mutation affects zein accumulation, we compared the gene expression profiles of the sh2 mutant and wild-type maize by RNA sequencing analysis and quantitative real-time PCR. A total of 4,457 differentially expressed genes were identified and the top enriched metabolic processes included genes involved in sugar metabolism, storage protein synthesis, and amino acid metabolism, as well as genes encoding transcription factor family and auxin-binding proteins. Our results indicate that mutation of the sh2 gene in maize endosperm affects the transcript and protein levels of zein genes, whereas little change was observed in the expression level of known zein-regulated genes, such as the endosperm-specific transcription factor Opaque2 (O2), the prolamine-box binding factor, the O2 heterodimerizing proteins OHP1 and OHP2, and the MADS-box protein ZmMADS47. We accordingly suspect that zein production might be affected by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation through changes in transcription factors and metabolic enzyme expression, rather than by regulation of the genes directly associated with zein biosynthesis. These findings indicate that carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways are tightly coordinated to ensure appropriate development of the maize endosperm.
Analysis of factors affecting the mortality of patients with multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia
Authors: Deng Yanling , Chen Lin , Yue Mingrui , Huang Xiaobo , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to review the treatment plan of patients with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) pneumonia and analyze the factors associated with patient deaths and the medication regimen.
Methods
We collected 1,823 qualified respiratory specimens that were culture-positive for multi-drug resistant AB (MDR-AB). 166 patients confirmed to have hospital-acquired MDR-AB pneumonia were selected as the research subjects. The differing clinical characteristics and treatment interventions between the surviving group and death group within 28 days after MDR-AB diagnosis were analyzed.
Results
The mortality rate was high for those aged > 75 years (p = 0.001). Patients who underwent invasive catheter placement (p < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.046) had a higher mortality rate. Combination therapy with tigecycline can reduce the mortality rate (p < 0.001) of MDR-AB pneumonia in patients with carbapenem-resistant AB. Combination therapy with sulbactam was shown to reduce the mortality rate (p < 0.001), and high-dose sulbactam (> 3 g/day) may be better than low-dose sulbactam (≤ 3 g/day).
Conclusions
Reducing the time of invasive catheter placement and mechanical ventilation in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), antimicrobial treatment, combined with tigecycline and sulbactam, may help reduce the mortality rate in patients with MDR-AB hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Evolution of Double Vortices Induce Tropical Cyclogenesis of Seroja over Flores, Indonesia
Authors: Yulihastin Erma , Taofiqorahman Ankiq , Fathrio Ibnu , Nauval Fadli , Andarini Dita Fatria , Hatmaja Rahaden Bagas , Fahim Akhmad , Perdani Namira Nasywa , Satyawardhana Haries , Ismail M. Furqon Azis , Nugroho Dwiyoga , - Suaydhi , Sofiati Iis , Qodrita Lely , Rahmawati Herlina Ika 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Over one hundred years of vigorous progress in tropical cyclone (TC) research, the genesis of the cyclone (hereafter, tropical cyclogenesis) is remarkable as a doubtful subject. Furthermore, predicting tropical cyclogenesis, particularly in the lesser latitude, remains a significant challenge. Therefore, understanding the complex interactions in developing tropical cyclogenesis over the region is vital to improving tropical cyclogenesis forecasting. Hence, the Indonesia Maritime Continent is a tropical cyclone-free region due to decreasing the Coriolis effect. However, Seroja TC hits Flores (8.6o S, 120o E), east Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, on 4 April 2021, and recorded as the first TC occurred over the mainland, which brought a catastrophic disaster in the region. This study investigated the tropical cyclogenesis of Seroja by using both observational and numerical studies. The results indicate that a marine heatwave and double vortices were favorable conditions produced preconditions to developing tropical cyclogenesis over the Maluku Sea. Thus, tropical cyclogenesis is formed by the breakdown of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) associated with synoptic-scale wave train driven under the interaction of the Madden Julian oscillation (MJO) and equatorial Rossby waves. Moreover, our finding suggested that an extensive background cyclonic vorticity under the cold pool mechanisms is responsible for maintaining tropical cyclogenesis into a persistent Seroja TC.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Cervical Incompetence Patients with Abnormal Vaginal Flora Treated with Cervical Cerclage
Authors: li xue , tang Mingyan , Xiao Yi , Zhang Hong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: To explore whether cervical cerclage can improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with abnormal vaginal flora during pregnancy. Methods: Total of 1,261 pregnant women participated in study. According to the diagnosis, they were divided into cervical insufficiency group (CIC group) and normal pregnancy group (NP group). The CIC group patients were randomly received cervical cerclage (CIC-C group) or expectation therapy (CIC-E group). Vaginal secretion samples of the patients in the groups were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. Meanwhile, through the results of vaginal flora, CIC-C group and CIC-E group were further divided into normal vaginal flora groups (CIC-C-N group, CIC-E-N group) and abnormal vaginal flora groups (CIC-C-A group, CIC-E-A group). All groups are processed accordingly and analyzed on pregnancy outcomes. Results: Among 1261 vaginal secretion specimens, the positive rate of pathogenic bacteria was 21.9%. The pathogen detection rates in CIC group and NP group were 32.9% (229/696) and 8.5% (48/565). 23 types of vaginal flora were detected in CIC group, and 9 were detected in NP group. The proportions of women who had term birth were 75.94% in the CIC-C group, 70.03% in the CIC-E group, and 87.79% in the NP group. The rates of preterm birth and pregnancy complications in CIC-E group were higher than in CIC-C group (19.87% vs. 15.54%, 9.09% vs. 6.51%, p<0.05). Compared with the CIC-C-A group, the CIC-E-A group had a lower term delivery rate (61.84% vs. 77.78%) and a higher incidence of pregnancy complications (22.37% vs. 9.15%). Conclusions: Cervical incompetence is associated with vaginal flora diversity. Cervical cerclage can improve pregnancy outcomes in cervical incompetence patients with abnormal vaginal flora.