bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolving the terminator: variation of Fe, temperature, and winds in WASP-76 b across planetary limbs and orbital phase
Authors: Gandhi Siddharth , Kesseli Aurora , Snellen Ignas , Brogi Matteo , Wardenier Joost P , Parmentier Vivien , Welbanks Luis , Savel Arjun B 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Exoplanet atmospheres are inherently three-dimensional systems in which thermal/chemical variation and winds can strongly influence spectra. Recently, the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b has shown evidence for condensation and asymmetric Fe absorption with time. However, it is currently unclear whether these asymmetries are driven by chemical or thermal differences between the two limbs, as precise constraints on variation in these have remained elusive due to the challenges of modelling these dynamics in a Bayesian framework. To address this, we develop a new model, HyDRA-2D, capable of simultaneously retrieving morning and evening terminators with day-night winds. We explore variations in Fe, temperature profile, winds, and opacity deck with limb and orbital phase using VLT/ESPRESSO observations of WASP-76 b. We find Fe is more prominent on the evening for the last quarter of the transit, with $\log (X_\mathrm{Fe}) = {-4.03}^{+0.28}_{-0.31}$, but the morning shows a lower abundance with a wider uncertainty, $\log (X_\mathrm{Fe}) = {-4.59}^{+0.85}_{-1.0}$, driven by degeneracy with the opacity deck and the stronger evening signal. We constrain 0.1-mbar temperatures ranging from $2950^{+111}_{-156}$ to $2615^{+266}_{-275}$ K, with a trend of higher temperatures for the more irradiated atmospheric regions. We also constrain a day-night wind speed of $9.8^{+1.2}_{-1.1}$ km s−1 for the last quarter, higher than $5.9^{+1.5}_{-1.1}$ km s−1 for the first, in line with general circulation models. We find our new spatially and phase-resolved treatment is statistically favoured by 4.9σ over traditional 1D-retrievals, and thus demonstrate the power of such modelling for robust constraints with current and future facilities.
Cross-species recognition and molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV binding to ACE2s of marine animals
Authors: Li Shihua , Yang Ruirui , Zhang Di , Han Pu , Xu Zepeng , Chen Qian , Zhao Runchu , Zhao Xin , Qu Xiao , Zheng Anqi , Wang Liang , Li Linjie , Hu Yu , Zhang Rong , Su Chao , Niu Sheng , Zhang Yanfang , Qi Jianxun , Liu Kefang , Wang Qihui , Gao George F 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has an extremely broad host range that includes hippopotami, which are phylogenetically closely related to whales. The cellular ACE2 receptor is one of the key determinants of the host range. Here, we found that ACE2s from several marine mammals and hippopotami could efficiently bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 and facilitate the transduction of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses into ACE2-expressing cells. We further resolved the cryo-electron microscopy complex structures of the minke whale ACE2 and sea lion ACE2, respectively, bound to the RBDs, revealing that they have similar binding modes to human ACE2 when it comes to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and SARS-CoV RBD. Our results indicate that marine mammals could potentially be new victims or virus carriers of SARS-CoV-2, which deserves further careful investigation and study. It will provide an early warning for the prospective monitoring of marine mammals.
Army Service in the All-Volunteer Era
Authors: Greenberg Kyle , Gudgeon Matthew , Isen Adam , Miller Corbin , Patterson Richard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Since the beginning of the all-volunteer era, millions of young Americans have chosen to enlist in the military. These volunteers disproportionately come from disadvantaged backgrounds, and while some aspects of military service are likely to be beneficial, exposure to violence and other elements of service could worsen outcomes. This article links the universe of army applicants between 1990 and 2011 to their federal tax records and other administrative data and uses two eligibility thresholds in the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) in a regression discontinuity design to estimate the effects of army enlistment on earnings and related outcomes. In the 19 years following application, army service increases average annual earnings by over ${\$}$4,000 at both cutoffs. However, whether service increases long-run earnings varies significantly by race. Black servicemembers experience annual gains of ${\$}$5,500 to ${\$}$15,000 11–19 years after applying while white servicemembers do not experience significant changes. By providing Black servicemembers a stable and well-paying army job and by opening doors to higher-paid postservice employment, the army significantly closes the Black-white earnings gap in our sample.
The recombinogenic history of turnip mosaic potyvirus reveals its introduction to Japan in the 19th century
Authors: Kawakubo Shusuke , Tomitaka Yasuhiro , Tomimura Kenta , Koga Ryoko , Matsuoka Hiroki , Uematsu Seiji , Yamashita Kazuo , Ho Simon Y W , Ohshima Kazusato 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Characterizing the detailed spatial and temporal dynamics of plant pathogens can provide valuable information for crop protection strategies. However, the epidemiological characteristics and evolutionary trajectories of pathogens can differ markedly from one country to another. The most widespread and important virus of brassica vegetables, turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), causes serious plant diseases in Japan. We collected 317 isolates of TuMV from Raphanus and Brassica plants throughout Japan over nearly five decades. Genomic sequences from these isolates were combined with published sequences. We identified a total of eighty-eight independent recombination events in Japanese TuMV genomes and found eighty-two recombination-type patterns in Japan. We assessed the evolution of TuMV through space and time using whole and partial genome sequences of both nonrecombinants and recombinants. Our results suggest that TuMV was introduced into Japan after the country emerged from its isolationist policy (1639–1854) in the Edo period and then dispersed to other parts of Japan in the 20th century. The results of our analyses reveal the complex structure of the TuMV population in Japan and emphasize the importance of identifying recombination events in the genome. Our study also provides an example of surveying the epidemiology of a virus that is highly recombinogenic.
Periostin promotes nucleus pulposus cells apoptosis by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Daxue , Wang Zhaoheng , Zhang Guangzhi , Ma Congwen , Qiu Xiaoming , Wang Yidian , Liu Mingqiang , Guo Xudong , Chen Haiwei , Deng Qiang , Kang Xuewen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is closely linked to degenerative spinal disease, resulting in disability, poor quality of life, and financial burden. Apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells (NPCs) is a key pathological basis of IVDD. Periostin (POSTN), an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed in many tissues, whereas its abnormal expression is associated with IVDD. The conventional Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is also involved in IVDD and contributes to NPCs apoptosis. However, research on the mechanisms of POSTN in IVDD is lacking. This study investigated the relationship between POSTN and β‐catenin expression in degenerated IVDs. We detected the expression of POSTN, β‐catenin, and cleaved‐caspase‐3 (C‐caspase3) in degenerated and non‐degenerated IVD tissues of different grades (n = 8) using RT‐qPCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting analysis. Next, we explored the effects of recombinant periostin (rPOSTN) and isoquercitrin (Iso), an inhibitor of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, on NPCs apoptosis. Finally, we inhibited the expression of POSTN in degenerated NPCs in vivo and investigated the anti‐apoptotic effect. The expression of β‐catenin, POSTN, and C‐caspase3 in severe degenerative IVDs was significantly higher than that in mild degenerative IVDs. These findings were confirmed in rat and cell‐based degenerative models. When treated with rPOSTN, the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activity and cell apoptosis were time‐ and dose‐dependent. However, rPOSTN‐induced NPCs apoptosis decreased after iso‐induced inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. POSTN inhibition reduced apoptosis but was restored by rPOSTN re‐addition. Lastly, POSTN inhibition ameliorated puncture‐induced IVDD in vivo. Overall, our study demonstrated that POSTN promotes NPCs apoptosis and aggravates degeneration by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Apela gene therapy alleviates pulmonary hypertension in rats
Authors: Hu Yuexin , Jin Liangli , Pan Yang , Zou Jue , Wang Zhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a common disease that threatens human health. At present, no treatment can cure PAH, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, it is important to determine new targets for PAH treatment. Recently, a novel endogenous ligand Apela (ELABELA/Toddler/ELA32) of apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) receptor was identified as a possible PAH target. This study explored the potential effect of Apela gene therapy on rats with PAH. An AAV‐ELA32 recombinant expression vector was constructed by molecular cloning. Purified adeno‐associated virus (AAV) was injected into monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced PAH rats via tail vein 1 and 2 weeks after modeling. Apela gene therapy significantly reduced the increased right ventricular systolic pressure and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in PAH rats. The results of histopathology and immunofluorescence showed that Apela gene therapy not only reduced the rate of pulmonary arteriole muscularization and media thickening in PAH rats but also inhibited the endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of the pulmonary arteriole. Western blotting showed that Apela gene therapy up‐regulated the expression of KLF2/eNOs and BMPRII/SMAD4 in pulmonary arterioles of PAH rats. Overall, the results show that Apela gene therapy can inhibit pulmonary arteriolar vascular remodeling and reduce pulmonary artery pressure in PAH rats. These effects may be related to KLF2/eNOs and BMPRII/SMAD4 signaling pathways. The apelinergic system may be a potential new target for the prevention and treatment of PAH.
The Brown University Oncology Group Experience With FOLFOX + Nab-paclitaxel [FOLFOX-A] for Metastatic and Locally Advanced Pancreatic, BrUOG-292 and BrUOG-318
Authors: Breakstone Rimini , Almhanna Khaldoun , Raufi Alexander , Beard Rachel E. , Leonard Kara-Lynne , Renaud Jennifer , Kastura Michaela , Dionson Sopha , Wood Roxanne , Sturtevant Ashlee , Dipetrillo Thomas , Olszewski Adam , Safran Howard 
Published: June 2022

Objectives:
To evaluate response rate, toxicity, and efficacy of the novel combination of nab-paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin [FOLFOX-A] in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDAC].

Methods:
BrUOG-292 and BrUOG-318 were two concurrently run, prospective, single-arm phase II studies evaluating FOLFOX-A as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic and locally advanced/borderline resectable PDAC respectively. The FOLFOX-A regimen consisted of 5-fluorouracil, 1200 mg/m2/d as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion over 46 hours, leucovorin 400 mg/m2 IV, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 IV, and nab-paclitaxel 150 mg/m2 IV on day 1 every 14 days up to a maximum of 12 cycles. Patients with locally advanced or borderline resectable disease were permitted to stop treatment after 6 cycles and receive radiation therapy and/or surgical exploration if feasible. The primary end point was overall response rate [ORR]. Secondary end points were median progression-free survival [PFS], median overall survival [OS], and safety.

Results:
Seventy-eight patients with previously untreated PDAC were enrolled between June 2014 and November 2019; 76 patients were evaluable. The median follow-up was 40 months and 32 months, respectively. overall response rate was 34%. Among the patients enrolled on BrUOG-292 [48 patients], the PFS was 5 months and OS was 11 months, respectively. For those enrolled on BrUOG 318 [28 patients], the PFS was 11 months and OS was 22 months. Treatment-related toxicities included grade 3 fatigue [40%], diarrhea [14%], and neuropathy [2%].

Conclusions:
The combination of FOLFOX-A has promising activity in PDAC and may represent an alternative to FOLFIRINOX when reduction of gastrointestinal toxicity is required.
Fracture prediction tools in diabetes
Authors: Agarwal Arnav , Leslie William D. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
Type 1 (T1D) and 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with increased risk of fracture independent of bone mineral density (BMD). Fracture risk prediction tools can identify individuals at highest risk, and therefore, most likely to benefit from antifracture therapy. This review summarizes recent advances in fracture prediction tools as applied to individuals with diabetes.

Recent findings
The Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool, Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator (FRC), and QFracture tool are validated tools for fracture risk prediction. FRAX is most widely used internationally, and considers T1D (but not T2D) under secondary osteoporosis disorders. FRAX underestimates fracture risk in both T1D and T2D. Trabecular bone score and other adjustments for T2D-associated risk improve FRAX-based estimations. Similar adjustments for T1D are not identified. Garvan FRC does not incorporate diabetes as an input but does includes falls. Garvan FRC slightly underestimates osteoporotic fracture risk in women with diabetes. QFracture incorporates both T1D and T2D and falls as input variables, but has not been directly validated in individuals with diabetes.

Summary
Further research is needed to validate and compare available fracture prediction tools and their performance in individuals with diabetes.
Long-term Survival Following Heart Transplantation for Chagas Versus Non-Chagas Cardiomyopathy: A Single-center Experience in Northeastern Brazil Over 2 Decades
Authors: Vieira Jefferson L. , Sobral Maria G. V. , Macedo Francisco Y. , Florêncio Raquel S. , Almeida Germana P. L. , Vasconcelos Glauber G. , Fernandes Juliana R. , Marinho Laura L. E. , Trompieri Daniel F. M. , Pasala Tilak K. R. , Mejia Juan A. C. , Souza-Neto João D. 
Published: June 2022

Background.
Data on post–heart transplant (HT) survival of patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC) are scarce. We sought to evaluate post-HT survival in patients with CC as compared with other causes of heart failure across different eras of HT.

Methods.
We conducted a retrospective, cohort study of 376 adult HT recipients between October 1997 and November 2019. Participants were classified according to the etiology of heart failure as CC (N = 66), nonischemic cardiomyopathy (N = 214), and ischemic cardiomyopathy (N = 96), and according to the era of HT as early (1997–2009), recent (2010–2014), and current era (2015–2019).

Results.
After a mean follow-up of 5.0 y (0–20.5 y), post-HT survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 y were comparable between groups. One-y survival improved from 70% in the early eras to 80% in the current era (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41-0.97; P = 0.034). After adjustment for sex, age, and mechanical circulatory support, time-related improvement in survival was observed only in patients without CC (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.91; P = 0.019) but not in those with CC (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.36-2.73; P = 0.98). Causes of death were similar between patients with CC and the other etiological subgroups.

Conclusions.
Posttransplant survival is comparable between patients with CC, nonischemic cardiomyopathy, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Although survival has improved significantly over years for most HT recipients, it has remained unchanged for those with Chagas disease. These trends underscore the importance of scientific research, policy discussions and a collaborative registry of heart transplantation in Chagas cardiomyopathy.
Emotional attachment: a bridge between brand reputation and brand advocacy
Authors: Ahmadi Arash , Ataei Afsoon 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis study aims to identify and examine the effect of brand reputation on brand advocacy by evaluating the mediating effect of emotional attachment. The study also tests the relationships by appraising the moderating effect of experience and price perception. The research model is also assessed across the two brand types (hedonic brands and utilitarian brands).Design/methodology/approachOverall, 426 valid questionnaires were collected through an online survey. To test the proposed hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used.FindingsThe results mainly support the model by confirming that brand reputation is positively related to emotional attachment. The brand reputation also has an indirect effect on brand advocacy through emotional attachment. The findings of the study reveal a positive relationship between emotional attachment and brand advocacy. Both moderators applied were found to reinforce the relationships. The results also show the different outcomes for the two brand types.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the literature by introducing and assessing a research model that displays the path in which a brand reputation significantly affects advocacy for a brand through emotional attachment. Two moderators are involved in this path. Corresponding to the research model, an assessment of hedonic and utilitarian brands is also performed.
Determinants of continuous usage of library resources on handheld devices: findings from PLS-SEM and fuzzy sets (fsQCA)
Authors: Tyagi Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Sujeet Kumar , Gaur Avinash 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the key factors that motivate learners to use handheld devices to access library resources. To do so, this study integrates the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the DeLone and McLean information systems success (D and M-ISS) model.

Design/methodology/approach
The relationship between the causes and the outcomes may not be symmetrical. To test this proposition, data were collected from 210 respondents in a Gulf country and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) and complemented by fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).

Findings
The SEM results revealed that three constructs – perceived ease of use (PEOU), service quality (SQ) and system quality (SEQ) are strong drivers of students’ continuous intention to use handheld devices to access library resources. However, perceived usefulness (PU) and information quality (IQ) do not significantly influence students’ intentions. Besides, SQ and PEOU are positively related to PU. Furthermore, fsQCA results show that two different conjunctions, PU*PEOU*IQ*SEQ and PEOU*SQ*IQ*SEQ, cause the students to show a continuous intention to use handheld devices to access library resources.

Originality/value
Unlike previous studies on mobile library resource utilization, this analysis extends TAM to investigate the linear additive influence of two basic TAM constructs: PEOU and PU, and three constructs, namely, SEQ, SQ and IQ of the ISS model, on students’ library resource utilization. Furthermore, the findings of SEM were complemented by a set theory-based configuration method, fsQCA, to investigate the asymmetrical, equifinal and configurational causation leading to the desired outcome. The findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications.
How can the work environment be redesigned to enhance the well-being of individuals with autism?
Authors: Tomczak Michał T. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis article examines the opportunities to create optimal conditions for individuals with autism, to work successfully within the contemporary workplace and improve their well-being. These opportunities arise from digital technology (DT) development, enabling the work environment to be remodeled by providing new possibilities and ways of working. The author discusses both technology-based as well as non-technological accommodations supporting overcoming the workplace challenges faced by employees with autism.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research was conducted with the use of in-depth interviews with 21 individuals with expertise in the field.FindingsPossible technology-based work environment modifications and non-technological managerial practices facilitating work integration and the long-term well-being of individuals with autism were proposed. These solutions address four main problems: (1) effective communication; (2) time management, task prioritizing, and organization of work; (3) stress management and emotion control; and (4) sensory sensitivity.Practical implicationsProposed solutions include primarily the wide usage of electronic mediated forms of communicating based on non-direct and non-verbal contact; a flexible approach towards work organization; accurate stress monitoring systems; and an individualized approach toward office space arrangements limiting external stimuli.Originality/valueAll this could lead not only to an increase in employment in individuals on the autism spectrum but also influence the improvement of the job performance of already employed. Modifications introduced could improve the long-term well-being of all employees, both with autism and neurotypical ones.
How business strategy drives human resource practices in small and medium enterprises? Evidence from Pakistani autoparts industry
Authors: Ahmad Yasir , Khan Memoona Rauf 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
In large enterprises, the notion is that an organization’s business strategy is a significant determinant of its human resource (HR) practices. However, there is limited evidence in the literature of such linkages for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature and extent of the relationship between the types of business strategies used and HR practices, namely, staffing, training and employee relations among SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have collected data from 168 SMEs manufacturing autoparts and purposively chosen three SME case studies to derive in-depth observations of business strategies and HR practices. Quantitative results from the survey indicate that these SMEs exhibit a logical relationship between the strategic posture of the SMEs and their adopted HR practices.

Findings
This study illustrates that SMEs operating in the risky and lesser developed labor markets of a lower-income country such as Pakistan adopt certain practices that differ considerably from firms operating in more competitive automotive markets using highly skilled labor. The findings suggest that there is a significant potential to be realized through strategically managing HR practices to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.

Practical implications
Education of supervisors and management and suitable skill level of labor in tandem with continuous cutting edge industrial training appear to be the most successful business strategy followed by Prospector and Analyzer SMEs. For greater efficiency they need to have dedicated HR management, and financial and auditing services. Meanwhile, public sector entities as well as representative business bodies need to provide targeted practical technical and financial training and assistance to strengthen Defender and Reactor SMEs and improve their range of outputs.

Originality/value
This study contributed to the SMEs’ management literature in the context of Pakistan because there are very few studies that have examined the impact of business strategy on the HR practices in SMEs manufacturing autoparts in the automotive industry of Pakistan. The case study approach captures detailed insights and identifies the areas where the SMEs in developing countries perform differently than the SMEs in developed countries.