bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do political power shifts reduce corruption in Korean local governments?
Authors: Lee Moonsoo , Bae Hyunhoe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have discussed the effects of electoral competition on corruption, but only a few explored the effects of political power shifts – the results of electoral competition. To fill the gap, this study tests hypotheses that three types of political power shifts (the shifts of individual local government heads, local government ruling party, and local council majority) reduce the corruption (overall, external, and internal), with a panel data set of 226 Korean local governments. The empirical study shows that only shifts in the local government head reduce internal corruption. The other dependent and independent variables do not have any significant relationships. This can be because of structural matters of Korean local politics such as strong mayor-weak council and the closed local elite networks.
Writing Yunnan into China: a case study on Li Yuanyang 李元陽 (1497–1580), a Yunnanese scholar
Authors: Xing Yuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article is a case study on the Yunnanese scholar Li Yuanyang under the background of the Ming's incorporating and sinicizing Yunnan, exploring how he views the Ming's actions and writes Yunnan's becoming a part of China. First, it retells Li's life experiences and examines the Yunnan native things and Chinese traditions in his writings. Then, after noting his emphasis of Yunnan's belonging to China, it concentrates on his comments on the Ming's military campaigns. As it analyzes, on the one hand, he justifies these campaigns against indigenous rebellions, on the other hand, he also criticizes unnecessary wars and some imperial officials' selfish deeds. Besides, he considers the constructing and reconstructing projects as a symbol of the central state's righteous governance, which should also bring benefit and benevolence to the indigenes. In a word, Li's case reflects the deep impact of the Ming's invasion on the local elites, as well as how they react to this.
Using Benchtop Scanning Electron Microscopy as a Valuable Imaging Tool in Various Applications
Authors: Harvey Kayleigh , Edwards Grant 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are a popular analytical tool due to their high spatial resolution, large depth of field, and analytical capabilities. However, in many cases, the large-scale installation and cost of SEMs can be a barrier to entry for smaller laboratories or facilities. The introduction of a more compact benchtop SEM has changed the landscape, enabling scientists in many fields to adopt the technology and revolutionize research. Benchtop SEMs can be used in a variety of industries including materials science, pharmaceutical research, energy exploration, science education, and academia. These industries require analysis at the nanoscale for quality control, failure analysis, and R&D, for all of which the benchtop SEM is perfectly positioned to provide necessary detail. These advantages and new developments in the technology have made the benchtop SEM a widely available and well-accepted tool.
Examining the Scope of Nuclear Weapons-Related Activities Covered under the Environmental Remediation Obligation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: EVANS Christopher P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe entry into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in January 2021 has sparked much discussion of the Treaty's positive obligations under Article 6. But while victim assistance under Article 6(1) has received considerable attention, the environmental remediation obligation within Article 6(2) remains underexplored. Filling this gap, this article examines a specific issue relating to environmental remediation under Article 6(2): the scope of nuclear weapons-related activities captured by the obligation imposed upon TPNW parties. Ultimately, it is revealed that significant ambiguity exists as to the scope of activities covered when applying the rules of treaty interpretation of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. After offering some policy arguments both for and against a broad interpretation, this paper recommends that TPNW parties should begin to advance and clarify their positions on this issue in order to clearly identify the scope of Article 6(2).
The Importance of Mentoring in Space Physics: Examples From a Successful Career
Authors: Fuselier Stephen A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMentoring is critical for a successful career in space physics. I present here some examples of how mentoring helped me through all stages of my career. In addition, I provide some guidance on what I learned from my mentors at three stages in my career: early career, mid‐career, and advanced‐career.
Large‐Scale Drivers of Persistent Extreme Weather During Early Summer 2021 in Europe
Authors: Tuel A. , Steinfeld D. , Ali S. M. , Sprenger M. , Martius O. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe early summer of 2021 was a season of extremes across Europe. Heatwaves, droughts and wildfires hit Eastern Europe and the Baltic, while repeated extreme precipitation in Western Europe culminated in massive floods in mid‐July. The large‐scale circulation during this period was remarkably persistent, with an extremely meridionally amplified flow over Europe. Recurrent blocking over the Baltic and Rossby wave breaking in the North Atlantic led to frequent heavy precipitation in Western Europe and the Black Sea and to warm and dry conditions over Eastern Europe. These conditions persisted for a month as the blocks and wave breaking episodes strengthened one another, while three closely spaced extratropical transitions of tropical cyclones in the eastern North Atlantic led to recurrent amplification of the jet. Seasonal anomalies thus emerge from the complex interactions of individual weather events, offering an interesting storyline for climate impact assessment and a formidable challenge for (sub‐) seasonal prediction.
Geospace Concussion: Global Reversal of Ionospheric Vertical Plasma Drift in Response to a Sudden Commencement
Authors: Shi Xueling , Lin Dong , Wang Wenbin , Baker Joseph B. H. , Weygand James M. , Hartinger Michael D. , Merkin Viacheslav G. , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Pham Kevin , Wu Haonan , Angelopoulos Vassilis , McWilliams Kathryn A. , Nishitani Nozomu , Shepherd Simon G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn interplanetary shock can abruptly compress the magnetosphere, excite magnetospheric waves and field‐aligned currents, and cause a ground magnetic response known as a sudden commencement (SC). However, the transient (<∼1 min) response of the ionosphere‐thermosphere system during an SC has been little studied due to limited temporal resolution in previous investigations. Here, we report observations of a global reversal of ionospheric vertical plasma motion during an SC on 24 October 2011 using ∼6 s resolution Super Dual Auroral Radar Network ground scatter data. The dayside ionosphere suddenly moved downward during the magnetospheric compression due to the SC, lasting for only ∼1 min before moving upward. By contrast, the post‐midnight ionosphere briefly moved upward then moved downward during the SC. Simulations with a coupled geospace model suggest that the reversed vertical drift is caused by a global reversal of ionospheric zonal electric field induced by magnetospheric compression during the SC.
Deep Learning Provides Substantial Improvements to County‐Level Fire Weather Forecasting Over the Western United States
Authors: Son Rackhun , Ma Po‐Lun , Wang Hailong , Rasch Philp J. , Wang Shih‐Yu (Simon) , Kim Hyungjun , Jeong Jee‐Hoon , Lim Kyo‐Sun Sunny , Yoon Jin‐Ho 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe recent wildfires in the western United States during 2018 and 2020 caused record‐breaking fire damage and casualties. Despite remarkable advances in fire modeling and weather forecasting, it remains challenging to anticipate catastrophic wildfire events and associated damage. One key missing component is a fire weather prediction system with sufficiently long lead time capable of providing useful regional details. Here, we develop a hybrid prediction model of wildfire danger called CFS with super resolution (CFS‐SR) as a proof of concept to fill that void. The CFS‐SR model is constructed by integrating the Climate Forecast System version 2 with a deep learning (DL) technique from Single Image Super Resolution, a method widely used in enhancing image resolution. We show that for the 2018–2019 fire season, the CFS‐SR model significantly improves accuracy in forecasting fire weather at lead times of up to 7 days with an enhanced spatial resolution up to 4 km. This level of high resolution provides county‐level fire weather forecast, making it more practical for allocating resources to mitigate wildfire danger. Our study demonstrates that a proper combination of ensemble climate predictions with DL techniques can boost predictability at finer spatial scales, increasing the utility of fire weather forecasts for practical applications.
Breast density is strongly associated with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers and pro-tumorigenic proteins in situ
Authors: Lundberg Peter , Forsgren Mikael F. , Tellman Jens , Kihlberg Johan , Rzepecka Anna , Dabrosin Charlotta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
High mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer by poorly understood molecular mechanisms. Women with dense breasts often undergo conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) despite its limited specificity, which may be increased by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and contrast. How these modalities are affected by breast density per se and their association with the local microenvironment are undetermined.

Methods
Healthy postmenopausal women attending mammography screen with extremely dense or entirely fatty breasts underwent multiparametric MRI for analyses of lean tissue fraction (LTF), ADC and perfusion dynamics. Microdialysis was used for extracellular proteomics in situ.

Results
Significantly increased LTF and ADC and delayed perfusion were detected in dense breasts. In total, 270 proteins were quantified, whereof 124 related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and cellular growth were significantly upregulated in dense breasts. Most of these correlated significantly with LTF, ADC and the perfusion data.

Conclusions
ADC and perfusion characteristics depend on breast density, which should be considered during the implementation of thresholds for malignant lesions. Dense and nondense breasts are two essentially different biological entities, with a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment in dense breasts. Our data reveal several novel pathways that may be explored for breast cancer prevention strategies.
Cathepsin K regulates the tumor growth and metastasis by IL-17/CTSK/EMT axis and mediates M2 macrophage polarization in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Ning , Wang YouZhi , Wang KeKe , Zhong BoQiang , Liao YiHao , Liang JiaMing , Jiang Ning 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA common stage of advanced prostate cancer is castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), greater understanding of which is required in order to address and solve the clinically difficult challenge. Cathepsin K (CTSK) is a cysteine protease that usually has a strong activity of degrading extracellular matrix and is related to osteoclast-mediated bone destruction. However, the mechanism of CTSK-regulation in CRPC is still unclear to us. The current study aimed to analyze the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patient samples (from localized PC and CRPC). Interestingly, we found that CTSK to be significantly up-regulated in CRPC. Through further signal pathway enrichment analysis, we found that the IL-17 signaling pathway to be highly correlated with CTSK. The oncogenic functions of CTSK and IL-17 in CRPC were proven by a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. Possible downstream molecules of CTSK were investigated, which could serve as control elements to regulate the expression of EMT, thereby facilitating the metastasis and excessive proliferation of PC cells. Expression of CTSK was related to high concentration of M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) M2 in CRPC. A CTSK-mediated feedback circuit between TAMs and CRPC tissues was indicated in the process of transfer, proving the possibility of CTSK could be use as an available therapeutic target for CRPC.
Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors promotes renal cancer progression through MCPIP1 tumor-suppressor downregulation and c-Met activation
Authors: Marona Paulina , Górka Judyta , Kwapisz Oliwia , Jura Jolanta , Rys Janusz , Hoffman Robert M. , Miekus Katarzyna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the most commonly used targeted therapeutics in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, drug resistance limits their utility and can lead to tumor “flare-up” and progression. In this study, we show that RCC resistance to sunitinib and sorafenib involves different mechanisms and leads to increased malignancy. Sunitinib decreased tumor growth and cell motility along with increased E-cadherin expression and secretion of the proangiogenic cytokines IL6 and IL8, which activated senescence in ccRCC cells and led to VE-cadherin phosphorylation, enhancing tumor angiogenesis. Sorafenib resistance increased the levels of mesenchymal markers and the secretion of MMP9, which cleaved VE-cadherin and disrupted endothelial cell integrity. Both sunitinib resistance and sorafenib resistance led to activation of the c-Met receptor IRAK1 and downregulation of the tumor suppressor MCPIP1, resulting in an increase in the metastasis of resistant cells, possibly due in part to enhanced vascularization of ccRCC. MCPIP1 overexpression partially overcame resistance to these drugs by decreasing micrometastasis and decreasing the expression of factors involved in tumorigenesis. In tumor samples from ccRCC patients, we observed a significant increase in the level of the c-Met receptor, IRAK1 and a decrease in MCPIP1 with respect to normal kidney tissue. Our results indicate separate novel mechanisms for sunitinib and sorafenib resistance, which both lead to MCPIP1 inhibition and ccRCC progression. The presented study suggests caution in the treatment of RCC with TKIs, which may lead to the unintended outcome of tumor progression.
Charging infrastructure access and operation to reduce the grid impacts of deep electric vehicle adoption
Authors: Powell Siobhan , Cezar Gustavo Vianna , Min Liang , Azevedo Inês M. L. , Rajagopal Ram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectric vehicles will contribute to emissions reductions in the United States, but their charging may challenge electricity grid operations. We present a data-driven, realistic model of charging demand that captures the diverse charging behaviours of future adopters in the US Western Interconnection. We study charging control and infrastructure build-out as critical factors shaping charging load and evaluate grid impact under rapid electric vehicle adoption with a detailed economic dispatch model of 2035 generation. We find that peak net electricity demand increases by up to 25% with forecast adoption and by 50% in a stress test with full electrification. Locally optimized controls and high home charging can strain the grid. Shifting instead to uncontrolled, daytime charging can reduce storage requirements, excess non-fossil fuel generation, ramping and emissions. Our results urge policymakers to reflect generation-level impacts in utility rates and deploy charging infrastructure that promotes a shift from home to daytime charging.
A real-world comparison of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Bachy Emmanuel , Le Gouill Steven , Di Blasi Roberta , Sesques Pierre , Manson Guillaume , Cartron Guillaume , Beauvais David , Roulin Louise , Gros François Xavier , Rubio Marie Thérèse , Bories Pierre , Bay Jacques Olivier , Llorente Cristina Castilla , Choquet Sylvain , Casasnovas René-Olivier , Mohty Mohamad , Guidez Stéphanie , Joris Magalie , Loschi Michaël , Carras Sylvain , Abraham Julie , Chauchet Adrien , Drieu La Rochelle Laurianne , Deau-Fischer Bénédicte , Hermine Olivier , Gastinne Thomas , Tudesq Jean Jacques , Gat Elodie , Broussais Florence , Thieblemont Catherine , Houot Roch , Morschhauser Franck 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAxicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) have both demonstrated impressive clinical activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this study, we analyzed the outcome of 809 patients with R/R DLBCL after two or more previous lines of treatment who had a commercial chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells order for axi-cel or tisa-cel and were registered in the retrospective French DESCAR-T registry study (NCT04328298). After 1:1 propensity score matching (n = 418), the best overall response rate/complete response rate (ORR/CRR) was 80%/60% versus 66%/42% for patients treated with axi-cel compared to tisa-cel, respectively (P < 0.001 for both ORR and CRR comparisons). After a median follow-up of 11.7 months, the 1-year progression-free survival was 46.6% for axi-cel and 33.2% for tisa-cel (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46–0.79; P = 0.0003). Overall survival (OS) was also significantly improved after axi-cel infusion compared to after tisa-cel infusion (1-year OS 63.5% versus 48.8%; HR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45–0.88; P = 0.0072). Similar findings were observed using the inverse probability of treatment weighting statistical approach. Grade 1–2 cytokine release syndrome was significantly more frequent with axi-cel than with tisa-cel, but no significant difference was observed for grade ≥3. Regarding immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), both grade 1–2 and grade ≥3 ICANS were significantly more frequent with axi-cel than with tisa-cel. In conclusion, our matched comparison study supports a higher efficacy and also a higher toxicity of axi-cel compared to tisa-cel in the third or more treatment line for R/R DLBCL.
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effects of icodextrin on left ventricular mass index in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Cordeiro Lilian , Ishikawa Walther Yoshiharu , Andreoli Maria Claudia C. , Canziani Maria Eugenia F. , Araujo Luiza Karla R. P. , Pereira Benedito J. , Abensur Hugo , Moysés Rosa M. A. , Elias Rosilene M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Because icodextrin has a greater ultrafiltration power compared with glucose-based solutions for long dwell, it could improve left ventricular mass by reducing fluid overload. This was a randomized clinical trial that included patients on PD recruited from 2 teaching hospitals, in Sao Paulo—Brazil. Patients were allocated to the control glucose group (GLU) or the intervention icodextrin (ICO) group. Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance image (MRI) parameters were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome was the change in left ventricular mass adjusted by surface area (ΔLVMI), measured by cardiac MRI. A total of 22 patients completed the study (GLU, N = 12 and ICO, N = 10). Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, underlying disease, and time on dialysis were similar in both groups. At baseline, 17 patients (77.3%) presented with left ventricular hypertrophy with no difference between groups (p = 0.748). According to the total body water (TBW)/extracellular water (ECW) ratio, 36.8% and 80% of patients from GLU and ICO groups, respectively, were considered hypervolemic (p = 0.044). During follow-up, ΔLVMI was 3.9 g/m (− 10.7, 2.2) in GLU and 5.2 (− 26.8, 16.8) in ICO group (p = 0.651). ΔLVMI correlated with change in brain natriuretic peptide (r = 0.566, p = 0.044), which remained significant in a multiple regression analysis. The use of the icodextrin-based solution in prevalent patients on PD compared with a glucose-based solution was not able to improve LMV. A larger randomized trial with a longer follow-up period may be needed to show changes in LVM in this patient population.Trial registration: this study has been registered at ReBEC (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clinicos) under the identification #RBR-2mzhmj2, available at: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/pesquisador.
Impact of the Pacific sector sea ice loss on the sudden stratospheric warming characteristics
Authors: Zhang Jiarong , Orsolini Yvan J. , Limpasuvan Varavut , Ukita Jinro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice loss remains a subject of much debate. Most studies have focused on the sea ice retreat in the Barents-Kara Seas and its troposphere-stratosphere influence. Here, we investigate the impact of large sea ice loss over the Chukchi-Bering Seas on the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) phenomenon during the easterly phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation through idealized large-ensemble experiments based on a global atmospheric model with a well-resolved stratosphere. Although culminating in autumn, the prescribed sea ice loss induces near-surface warming that persists into winter and deepens as the SSW develops. The resulting temperature contrasts foster a deep cyclonic circulation over the North Pacific, which elicits a strong upward wavenumber-2 activity into the stratosphere, reinforcing the climatological planetary wave pattern. While not affecting the SSW occurrence frequency, the amplified wave forcing in the stratosphere significantly increases the SSW duration and intensity, enhancing cold air outbreaks over the continents afterward.
FVC as an adaptive and accurate method for filtering variants from popular NGS analysis pipelines
Authors: Ren Yongyong , Kong Yan , Zhou Xiaocheng , Genchev Georgi Z. , Zhou Chao , Zhao Hongyu , Lu Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe quality control of variants from whole-genome sequencing data is vital in clinical diagnosis and human genetics research. However, current filtering methods (Frequency, Hard-Filter, VQSR, GARFIELD, and VEF) were developed to be utilized on particular variant callers and have certain limitations. Especially, the number of eliminated true variants far exceeds the number of removed false variants using these methods. Here, we present an adaptive method for quality control on genetic variants from different analysis pipelines, and validate it on the variants generated from four popular variant callers (GATK HaplotypeCaller, Mutect2, Varscan2, and DeepVariant). FVC consistently exhibited the best performance. It removed far more false variants than the current state-of-the-art filtering methods and recalled ~51-99% true variants filtered out by the other methods. Once trained, FVC can be conveniently integrated into a user-specific variant calling pipeline.