bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No infectious SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from a cohort of 110 lactating women
Authors: Krogstad Paul , Contreras Deisy , Ng Hwee , Tobin Nicole , Chambers Christina D. , Bertrand Kerri , Bode Lars , Aldrovandi Grace M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Genomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in the breast milk of lactating women, but its pathological significance has remained uncertain due to the small size of prior studies.

Methods
Breast milk from 110 lactating women was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (285 samples) and viral culture (160 samples). Those containing SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (vRNA) were examined for the presence of subgenomic RNA (sgRNA), a putative marker of infectivity.

Results
Sixty-five women had a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test, 9 had symptoms but negative diagnostic tests, and 36 symptomatic women were not tested. SARS-CoV-2 vRNA was detected in the milk of 7 (6%) women with either a confirmed infection or symptomatic illness, including 6 of 65 (9%) women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test. Infectious virus was not detected in any culture and none had detectable sgRNA. In control experiments, infectious SARS-CoV-2 could be cultured after addition to breastmilk despite several freeze–thaw cycles, as it occurs in the storage and usage of human milk.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be found infrequently in the breastmilk after recent infection, but we found no evidence that breastmilk contains an infectious virus or that breastfeeding represents a risk factor for transmission of infection to infants.

Impact

This article goes beyond prior small studies to provide evidence that infectious SARS-CoV-2 is not present in the milk of lactating women with recent infection, even when SARS-CoV-2 RNA is detected.

Recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or detection of its RNA in human milk is not a contraindication to breastfeeding.
JMJD2C-mediated long non-coding RNA MALAT1/microRNA-503-5p/SEPT2 axis worsens non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wang Mingliang , Wang Jiashun , Wang Wendong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJumonji domain containing protein 2C (JMJD2C) could epigenetically regulate cancer cells. We specifically explored the downstream mechanism of JMJD2C in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the long non-coding RNA metastasis associated with lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1/microRNA-503-5p/septin 2 (MALAT1/miR-503-5p/SEPT2) axis. NSCLC clinical tissues were utilized to assess JMJD2C, MALAT1, miR-503-5p and SEPT2 levels. NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H1299) were applied for loss-of-function and gain-of-function tests to identify the functional roles of JMJD2C, MALAT1, miR-503-5p, and SEPT2. The interactions among JMJD2C, MALAT1, miR-503-5p, and SEPT2 were assessed. Augmented JMJD2C, MALAT1, and SEPT2 and reduced miR-503-5p levels were found in NSCLC. Depleting JMJD2C or MALAT1, or restoring miR-503-5p exerted anti-tumor effects on NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. JMJD2C is bound to the promoter of MALAT1. MALAT1 bound to miR-503-5p and miR-503-5p targeted SEPT2. Knocking down MALAT1 or SEPT2, or elevating miR-503-5p mitigated the pro-tumor effects of upregulated JMJD2C on NSCLC. It is evident that the JMJD2C-mediated MALAT1/miR-503-5p/SEPT2 axis takes part in the process of NSCLC and even worsens NSCLC.
STAT6 contributes to renal fibrosis by modulating PPARα-mediated tubular fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Li Jianzhong , Yang Youjing , Li Qianmin , Wei Shuhui , Zhou Yujia , Yu Wangjianfei , Xue Lian , Zhou Ling , Shen Lei , Lu Guoyuan , Chen Ling , Tao Shasha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLipid metabolism, especially fatty acid oxidation (FAO) dysfunction, is a major driver of renal fibrosis; however, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we showed that there existed an association between the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and tubular lipid metabolism in fibrotic kidneys. Specifically, STAT6 was activated along with the accumulation of lipids via the downregulation of FAO-related genes when mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or high-fat diet challenge. Tubular-specific depletion, or pharmacologic inhibitor of Stat6 in mice, and Stat6 knockdown in cultured tubular cells attenuated lipid accumulation and renal fibrosis by enhancing FAO. Mechanistically, STAT6 transcriptionally inhibited the expression of PPARα and its FAO-related target genes through a sis-inducible element located in the promoter region of the protein. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the mechanistic details of STAT6-mediated FAO dysregulation in the progression of renal fibrosis and provides a preclinical rationale for efforts to improve the management of renal fibrosis brought about by FAO dysregulation.
Charge-neutral fermions and magnetic field-driven instability in insulating YbIr3Si7
Authors: Sato Y. , Suetsugu S. , Tominaga T. , Kasahara Y. , Kasahara S. , Kobayashi T. , Kitagawa S. , Ishida K. , Peters R. , Shibauchi T. , Nevidomskyy A. H. , Qian L. , Morosan E. , Matsuda Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKondo lattice materials, where localized magnetic moments couple to itinerant electrons, provide a very rich backdrop for strong electron correlations. They are known to realize many exotic phenomena, with a dramatic example being recent observations of quantum oscillations and metallic thermal conduction in insulators, implying the emergence of enigmatic charge-neutral fermions. Here, we show that thermal conductivity and specific heat measurements in insulating YbIr3Si7 reveal emergent neutral excitations, whose properties are sensitively changed by a field-driven transition between two antiferromagnetic phases. In the low-field phase, a significant violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law demonstrates that YbIr3Si7 is a charge insulator but a thermal metal. In the high-field phase, thermal conductivity exhibits a sharp drop below 300 mK, indicating a transition from a thermal metal into an insulator/semimetal driven by the magnetic transition. These results suggest that spin degrees of freedom directly couple to the neutral fermions, whose emergent Fermi surface undergoes a field-driven instability at low temperatures.
Crystal structure of the α1B-adrenergic receptor reveals molecular determinants of selective ligand recognition
Authors: Deluigi Mattia , Morstein Lena , Schuster Matthias , Klenk Christoph , Merklinger Lisa , Cridge Riley R. , de Zhang Lazarus A. , Klipp Alexander , Vacca Santiago , Vaid Tasneem M. , Mittl Peer R. E. , Egloff Pascal , Eberle Stefanie A. , Zerbe Oliver , Chalmers David K. , Scott Daniel J. , Plückthun Andreas 
Published: January 2022

Abstractα-adrenergic receptors (αARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that regulate vital functions of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. The therapeutic potential of αARs, however, is largely unexploited and hampered by the scarcity of subtype-selective ligands. Moreover, several aminergic drugs either show off-target binding to αARs or fail to interact with the desired subtype. Here, we report the crystal structure of human α1BAR bound to the inverse agonist (+)-cyclazosin, enabled by the fusion to a DARPin crystallization chaperone. The α1BAR structure allows the identification of two unique secondary binding pockets. By structural comparison of α1BAR with α2ARs, and by constructing α1BAR-α2CAR chimeras, we identify residues 3.29 and 6.55 as key determinants of ligand selectivity. Our findings provide a basis for discovery of α1BAR-selective ligands and may guide the optimization of aminergic drugs to prevent off-target binding to αARs, or to elicit a selective interaction with the desired subtype.
Experimental identification of aminomethanol (NH2CH2OH)—the key intermediate in the Strecker Synthesis
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Zhu Cheng , La Jeunesse Jesse , Fortenberry Ryan C. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Strecker Synthesis of (a)chiral α-amino acids from simple organic compounds, such as ammonia (NH3), aldehydes (RCHO), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been recognized as a viable route to amino acids on primordial earth. However, preparation and isolation of the simplest hemiaminal intermediate – the aminomethanol (NH2CH2OH)– formed in the Strecker Synthesis to even the simplest amino acid glycine (H2NCH2COOH) has been elusive. Here, we report the identification of aminomethanol prepared in low-temperature methylamine (CH3NH2) – oxygen (O2) ices upon exposure to energetic electrons. Isomer-selective photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) facilitated the gas phase detection of aminomethanol during the temperature program desorption (TPD) phase of the reaction products. The preparation and observation of the key transient aminomethanol changes our perception of the synthetic pathways to amino acids and the unexpected kinetic stability in extreme environments.
Advances in mixed cell deconvolution enable quantification of cell types in spatial transcriptomic data
Authors: Danaher Patrick , Kim Youngmi , Nelson Brenn , Griswold Maddy , Yang Zhi , Piazza Erin , Beechem Joseph M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMapping cell types across a tissue is a central concern of spatial biology, but cell type abundance is difficult to extract from spatial gene expression data. We introduce SpatialDecon, an algorithm for quantifying cell populations defined by single cell sequencing within the regions of spatial gene expression studies. SpatialDecon incorporates several advancements in gene expression deconvolution. We propose an algorithm harnessing log-normal regression and modelling background, outperforming classical least-squares methods. We compile cell profile matrices for 75 tissue types. We identify genes whose minimal expression by cancer cells makes them suitable for immune deconvolution in tumors. Using lung tumors, we create a dataset for benchmarking deconvolution methods against marker proteins. SpatialDecon is a simple and flexible tool for mapping cell types in spatial gene expression studies. It obtains cell abundance estimates that are spatially resolved, granular, and paired with highly multiplexed gene expression data.
A case of antiferrochirality in a liquid crystal phase of counter-rotating staircases
Authors: Li Ya-xin , Gao Hong-fei , Zhang Rui-bin , Gabana Kutlwano , Chang Qing , Gehring Gillian A. , Cheng Xiao-hong , Zeng Xiang-bing , Ungar Goran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHelical structures continue to inspire, prompted by examples such as DNA double-helix and alpha-helix in proteins. Most synthetic polymers also crystallize as helices, which relieves steric clashes by twisting, while keeping the molecules straight for their ordered packing. In columnar liquid crystals, which often display useful optoelectronic properties, overall helical chirality can be induced by inclusion of chiral chemical groups or dopants; these bias molecular twist to either left or right, analogous to a magnetic field aligning the spins in a paramagnet. In this work, however, we show that liquid-crystalline columns with long-range helical order can form by spontaneous self-assembly of straight- or bent-rod molecules without inclusion of any chiral moiety. A complex lattice with Fddd symmetry and 8 columns per unit cell (4 right-, 4 left-handed) characterizes this “antiferrochiral” structure. In selected compounds it allows close packing of their fluorescent groups reducing their bandgap and giving them promising light-emitting properties.
Spontaneous dewetting transitions of droplets during icing & melting cycle
Authors: Wang Lizhong , Tian Ze , Jiang Guochen , Luo Xiao , Chen Changhao , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Hongjun , Zhong Minlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnti-icing superhydrophobic surfaces have been a key research topic due to their potential application value in aviation, telecommunication, energy, etc. However, superhydrophobicity is easily lost during icing & melting cycles, where the water-repellent Cassie-Baxter state turns to the sticky Wenzel state. The reversible transition during icing & melting cycle without external assistance is challenging but vital for reliable anti-icing superhydrophobic performance, such a topic has rarely been reported. Here we demonstrate a spontaneous Wenzel to Cassie-Baxter dewetting transition during icing & melting cycle on well-designed superhydrophobic surfaces. Bubbles in ice droplets rapidly impact the micro-nano valleys under Marangoni force, prompting the continuous recovery of air pockets during melting processes. We establish models to confirm the bubbles movement broadens the dewetting conditions greatly and present three criteria for the dewetting transitions. This research deepens the understanding of wettability theory and extends the design of anti-icing superhydrophobic surfaces.
A phase 2 single center open label randomised control trial for convalescent plasma therapy in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Ray Yogiraj , Paul Shekhar Ranjan , Bandopadhyay Purbita , D’Rozario Ranit , Sarif Jafar , Raychaudhuri Deblina , Bhowmik Debaleena , Lahiri Abhishake , Vasudevan Janani Srinivasa , Maurya Ranjeet , Kanakan Akshay , Sharma Sachin , Kumar Manish , Singh Praveen , Roy Rammohan , Chaudhury Kausik , Maiti Rajsekhar , Bagchi Saugata , Maiti Ayan , Perwez Md. Masoom , Mondal Abhinandan , Tewari Avinash , Mandal Samik , Roy Arpan , Saha Moumita , Biswas Durba , Maiti Chikam , Bhaduri Ritwik , Chakraborty Sayantan , Sarkar Biswanath Sharma , Haldar Anima , Saha Bibhuti , Sengupta Shantanu , Pandey Rajesh , Chatterjee Shilpak , Bhattacharya Prasun , Paul Sandip , Ganguly Dipyaman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA single center open label phase 2 randomised control trial (Clinical Trial Registry of India No. CTRI/2020/05/025209) was done to assess clinical and immunological benefits of passive immunization using convalescent plasma therapy. At the Infectious Diseases and Beleghata General Hospital in Kolkata, India, 80 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 disease and fulfilling the inclusion criteria (aged more than 18 years, with either mild ARDS having PaO2/FiO2 200–300 or moderate ARDS having PaO2/FiO2 100–200, not on mechanical ventilation) were recruited and randomized into either standard of care (SOC) arm (N = 40) or the convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) arm (N = 40). Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality by day 30 of enrolment and immunological correlates of response to therapy if any, for which plasma abundance of a large panel of cytokines was quantitated before and after intervention to assess the effect of CPT on the systemic hyper-inflammation encountered in these patients. The secondary outcomes were recovery from ARDS and time taken to negative viral RNA PCR as well as to report any adverse reaction to plasma therapy. Transfused convalescent plasma was characterized in terms of its neutralizing antibody content as well as proteome. The trial was completed and it was found that primary outcome of all-cause mortality was not significantly different among severe COVID-19 patients with ARDS randomized to two treatment arms (Mantel-Haenszel Hazard Ratio 0.6731, 95% confidence interval 0.3010-1.505, with a P value of 0.3424 on Mantel-Cox Log-rank test). No adverse effect was reported with CPT. In severe COVID-19 patients with mild or moderate ARDS no significant clinical benefit was registered in this clinical trial with convalescent plasma therapy in terms of prespecified outcomes.
Developing and enforcing fracking regulations to protect groundwater resources
Authors: Esterhuyse S. , Vermeulen D. , Glazewski J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction can augment energy supplies in countries with viable gas resources, but it risks damaging water resources. Water supply problems for fracking can also limit UOG extraction, especially in water-stressed regions. Regulations are one of the main tools used to minimize UOG extraction impacts on water resources. Many states in the US and Canada have extensive regulations to protect water resources during UOG extraction but they are often ineffective, either because they were poorly drafted or because they are not properly enforced. South Africa is a water-scarce, groundwater-dependent country that is considering UOG extraction in the future. South African groundwater experts were surveyed on what regulations are needed to protect groundwater resources and how to enforce them. This study recommends specific UOG extraction regulations to protect groundwater resources, which are not only relevant to South Africa, but also to other countries that extract UOG resources.
Abnormal whole-body energy metabolism in iron-deficient humans despite preserved skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Frise Matthew C. , Holdsworth David A. , Johnson Andrew W. , Chung Yu Jin , Curtis M. Kate , Cox Pete J. , Clarke Kieran , Tyler Damian J. , Roberts David J. , Ratcliffe Peter J. , Dorrington Keith L. , Robbins Peter A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIron deficiency impairs skeletal muscle metabolism. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely characterised, but animal and human experiments suggest the involvement of signalling pathways co-dependent upon oxygen and iron availability, including the pathway associated with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). We performed a prospective, case–control, clinical physiology study to explore the effects of iron deficiency on human metabolism, using exercise as a stressor. Thirteen iron-deficient (ID) individuals and thirteen iron-replete (IR) control participants each underwent31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of exercising calf muscle to investigate differences in oxidative phosphorylation, followed by whole-body cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Thereafter, individuals were given an intravenous (IV) infusion, randomised to either iron or saline, and the assessments repeated ~ 1 week later. Neither baseline iron status nor IV iron significantly influenced high-energy phosphate metabolism. During submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise, the rate of decline in blood lactate concentration was diminished in the ID group (P = 0.005). Intravenous iron corrected this abnormality. Furthermore, IV iron increased lactate threshold during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise by ~ 10%, regardless of baseline iron status. These findings demonstrate abnormal whole-body energy metabolism in iron-deficient but otherwise healthy humans. Iron deficiency promotes a more glycolytic phenotype without having a detectable effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Ge/Si multilayer epitaxy and removal of dislocations from Ge-nanosheet-channel MOSFETs
Authors: Chu Chun-Lin , Chang Jen-Yi , Chen Po-Yen , Wang Po-Yu , Hsu Shu-Han , Chou Dean 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHorizontally stacked pure-Ge-nanosheet gate-all-around field-effect transistors (GAA FETs) were developed in this study. Large lattice mismatch Ge/Si multilayers were intentionally grown as the starting material rather than Ge/GeSi multilayers to acquire the benefits of the considerable difference in material properties of Ge and Si for realising selective etching. Flat Ge/Si multilayers were grown at a low temperature to preclude island growth. The shape of Ge nanosheets was almost retained after etching owing to the excellent selectivity. Additionally, dislocations were observed in suspended Ge nanosheets because of the absence of a Ge/Si interface and the disappearance of the dislocation-line tension force owing to the elongation of misfit dislocation at the interface. Forming gas annealing of the suspended Ge nanosheets resulted in a significant increase in the glide force compared to the dislocation-line tension force; the dislocations were easily removed because of this condition and the small size of the nanosheets. Based on this structure, a new mechanism of dislocation removal from suspended Ge nanosheet structures by annealing was described, which resulted in the structures exhibiting excellent gate control and electrical properties.
The clinical outcomes of combination chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced biliary tract cancer: an exploratory analysis of JCOG1113
Authors: Yamada Ikuhiro , Morizane Chigusa , Okusaka Takuji , Mizusawa Junki , Kataoka Tomoko , Ueno Makoto , Ikeda Masafumi , Okano Naohiro , Todaka Akiko , Shimizu Satoshi , Mizuno Nobumasa , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Tobimatsu Kazutoshi , Yamaguchi Hironori , Nishina Tomohiro , Shirakawa Hirofumi , Kojima Yasushi , Oono Takamasa , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Furukawa Masayuki , Iwai Tomohisa , Sudo Kentaro , Okamura Keiya , Yamashita Tatsuya , Kato Naoya , Shioji Kazuhiko , Shimizu Kyouko , Nakagohri Toshio , Kamata Ken , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuse Junji ,   JCOG-HBPOG, Yamada Ikuhiro , Morizane Chigusa , Okusaka Takuji , Mizusawa Junki , Kataoka Tomoko , Ueno Makoto , Ikeda Masafumi , Ozaka Masato , Okano Naohiro , Sugimori Kazuya , Todaka Akiko , Shimizu Satoshi , Mizuno Nobumasa , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Sano Keiji , Tobimatsu Kazutoshi , Katanuma Akio , Sakai Kenji , Yamaguchi Hironori , Nishina Tomohiro , Shirakawa Hirofumi , Kojima Yasushi , Oono Takamasa , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Furukawa Masayuki , Iwai Tomohisa , Sudo Kentaro , Okamura Keiya , Yamashita Tatsuya , Yasuda Ichirou , Takahashi Hidenori , Kato Naoya , Shioji Kazuhiko , Shimizu Kyouko , Nakagohri Toshio , Kamata Ken , Ishii Hiroshi , Furuse Junji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the FUGA-BT trial (JCOG1113), gemcitabine plus S-1 (GS) showed non-inferiority to gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) in overall survival (OS) with good tolerance for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). We performed a subgroup analysis focused on the elderly cohort of this trial. All 354 enrolled patients in JCOG1113 were classify into two groups; < 75 (non-elderly) and ≥ 75 years (elderly) group. We investigated the influence of age on the safety analysis, including the incidence of chemotherapeutic adverse events and the efficacy analysis, including OS. There were no remarkable differences in OS between the elderly (n = 60) and the non-elderly groups (n = 294). In the elderly group, median OS was 12.7 and 17.7 months for those who received GC (n = 20) and GS (n = 40), respectively. The prevalence of all-grade adverse events was similar between the elderly and the non-elderly groups. However, among the elderly group, Grade ≥ 3 hematological adverse events were more frequently observed in the GC arm than in the GS arm. The clinical outcomes of combination chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced BTC were comparable to non-elderly patients. GS may be the more favorable treatment for elderly patients with advanced BTC.