bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary expansion facilitates the persistence of a large frugivore in fragmented tropical forests
Authors: Magioli Marcelo , Villar Nacho , Jorge Maria Luisa , Biondo Cibele , Keuroghlian Alexine , Bradham Jennifer , Pedrosa Felipe , Costa Vladimir , Moreira Marcelo Zacharias , Ferraz Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Barros , Galetti Mauro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHow species persist in fragmented habitats is essential to understanding species resilience in response to increasing anthropogenic pressures. It has been suggested that expansion in dietary niche allows populations to persist in human‐modified landscapes, yet this hypothesis has been poorly tested in highly diverse ecosystems such as tropical forests where frugivory is ubiquitous. Here, we measured dietary niche expansion of a large forest‐dwelling mammal, the white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, by comparing its diet using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes. We collected hair of white‐lipped peccaries in three continuous and three fragmented forests and compared δ13C and δ15N values, resource use and isotopic niches among populations and between forest types. We also tested the relationship between isotopic values of the populations and the forest cover percentage. White‐lipped peccaries fed mainly on forest sources (C3 resources), especially in continuous forests, but 28% of the individuals in fragmented sites also incorporated C4 resources to some extent. In fragmented forests, the populations had isotopic niches from 3‐ to 3.6‐fold the size of those in continuous forests. This niche expansion was due to the consumption of food items with higher δ15N values and C4 crops. Differences among populations were larger among fragmented forests, suggesting variable site‐specific strategies to cope with habitat loss. The mean isotopic values of white‐lipped peccary populations were negatively correlated with the loss of forest cover. Some small forest fragments might still retain relatively high habitat quality, and white‐lipped peccaries might be able to capitalize on such variety of resources, shifting their diets from those observed in continuous forests. We suggest that high dietary flexibility and dietary expansion toward consumption of non‐forest resources might facilitate the persistence of large frugivores in fragmented habitats.
Disequilibrium effects from misallocated markets: An application to agriculture
Authors: Badau Flavius , Rada Nicholas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrices and the allocation of resources are essential components of efficient markets. Yet due to market failures or other imperfections, observed prices, and the allocation of resources can diverge from socially optimum equilibria, misinforming private and public decision making and distorting welfare. In this study, we present a two‐step framework for valuing market inefficiencies and the foregone monetary value from disequilibrium. Specifically, we measure the degree that observed prices and quantities diverge from equilibrium and capture this divergence in terms of foregone revenue impacts. Empirically, we illustrate this framework using Indian agricultural data, where we estimate that on average and over the study period this particular market has been underpriced and overproduced compared to the estimated efficient equilibrium. The potential additional gains in value to Indian agriculture from correcting this market disequilibrium ranges from $11 billion USD to $75 billion USD depending on the degree of disequilibrium and the adjustment level.
COVID‐19 and varicocele: The possible overlap factors and the common therapeutic approaches
Authors: Mahdavinezhad Forough , Farmani Ahmad Reza , Pakniat Hamideh , Taghavi Saeed , Gharaei Roghaye , Valipour Jamal , Amidi Fardin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVaricocele is recognized as one of the main attributable causes of male infertility which can affect spermatogenesis by various pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent studies have identified oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant, hyperthermia, hypoxia, hormonal dysfunction, and inflammatory conditions as major factors in the pathophysiology of varicocele, all of which have known direct associations with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and can significantly increase the risk of detrimental COVID‐19‐related outcomes. Emerging data have shown an association between COVID‐19 and inflammation, overproduction of cytokine, and other pathophysiological processes. The present review, summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele and investigates the potential correlation between the severity of COVID‐19 and the varicocele disease. In addition, various possible treatments which can be effective in both diseases were examined. Despite numerous challenges associated with the prevalence of COVID‐19 in healthcare systems in infected countries, special attention should be given to maintaining a high level of care for complex patients with a pre‐existing disease such as varicocele and providing appropriate practical advice for optimal control of the COVID‐19 disease.
Significance of laboratory parameters in diagnosing acute appendicitis during pregnancy
Authors: Peksöz Rıfat , Dişçi Esra , Kaya Abdulkadir , Ağırman Enes , Korkut Ercan , Aksungur Nurhak , Altundaş Necip , Kara Salih , Atamanalp Sabri Selçuk 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis (AA) is the most frequently seen surgical emergency in pregnant women and the most frequently encountered cause of non‐obstetric acute abdomen. Due to the physiological and anatomical changes that occur during pregnancy and the limited use of radiological methods, it is difficult to diagnose AA during pregnancy. These conditions increase the risk of morbidity and mortality; therefore, it is crucial to identify ideal laboratory markers that can be utilized to diagnose disease.MethodsOne hundred and ten pregnancies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria for AA diagnosis were retrospectively analysed between 2010 and 2021. Markers with high diagnostic values were discussed.ResultsThe patients were divided into three groups as follows; Group I: negative appendectomy (n = 19); Group IIa: uncomplicated appendicitis (n = 59); Group IIb: complicated appendicitis (n = 32). There was no statistically significant difference in mean age or gestational week (P > 0.05). Group IIb had a higher rate of complications and a longer length of hospital stay (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the groups in terms of white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C‐reactive protein, lymphocyte‐to‐ C‐reactive protein ratio, total, direct, and indirect bilirubin values (P < 0.05). While platelet and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values did not differ substantially between groups, both were found to have a high diagnostic value.ConclusionIt was concluded that WBC, neutrophil, NLR, PLR, total, direct and indirect bilirubin levels could be utilized to diagnose AA. Moreover, levels of WBC, neutrophil, NLR, platelet, PLR, LDH, total, direct and indirect bilirubin can be utilized to diagnose complicated appendicitis.
The molecular ontogeny of follicular lymphoma: gene mutations succeeding the BCL2 translocation define common precursor cells
Authors: Haebe Sarah , Keay William , Alig Stefan , Mohr Anne‐Wiebe , Martin Larissa K. , Heide Michael , Secci Ramona , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Moosmann Andreas , Louissaint Abner , Weinstock David M. , Thoene Silvia , von Bergwelt‐Baildon Michael , Ruland Jürgen , Bararia Deepak , Weigert Oliver 
Published: December 2021

SummaryRelapsed follicular lymphoma (FL) can arise from common progenitor cells (CPCs). Conceptually, CPC‐defining mutations are somatic alterations shared by the initial and relapsed tumours, mostly B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2)/immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH) translocations and other recurrent gene mutations. Through complementary approaches for highly sensitive mutation detection, we do not find CPC‐defining mutations in highly purified BCL2/IGH‐negative haematopoietic progenitor cells in clinical remission samples from three patients with relapsed FL. Instead, we find cells harbouring the same BCL2/IGH translocation but lacking CREB binding protein (CREBBP), lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) and other recurrent gene mutations. Thus, (i) the BCL2/IGH translocation can precede CPC‐defining mutations in human FL, and (ii) BCL2/IGH‐translocated cells can persist in clinical remission.
A comparison of prebunking and debunking interventions for implied versus explicit misinformation
Authors: Tay Li Qian , Hurlstone Mark J. , Kurz Tim , Ecker Ullrich K. H. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPsychological research has offered valuable insights into how to combat misinformation. The studies conducted to date, however, have three limitations. First, pre‐emptive (“prebunking”) and retroactive (“debunking”) interventions have mostly been examined in parallel, and thus it is unclear which of these two predominant approaches is more effective. Second, there has been a focus on misinformation that is explicitly false, but implied misinformation that uses literally true information to mislead is common in the real world. Finally, studies have relied mainly on questionnaire measures of reasoning, neglecting behavioural impacts of misinformation and interventions. To offer incremental progress towards addressing these three issues, we conducted an experiment (N = 735) involving misinformation on fair trade. We contrasted the effectiveness of prebunking versus debunking and the impacts of implied versus explicit misinformation, and incorporated novel measures assessing consumer behaviours (i.e., willingness‐to‐pay; information seeking; online misinformation promotion) in addition to standard questionnaire measures. In general, both prebunking and debunking reduced misinformation reliance. We also found that individuals tended to rely more on explicit than implied misinformation both with and without interventions.
User satisfaction with Dental Specialty Centers in Brazil: Proposal of satisfaction index and associated factors
Authors: da Silva Naiana Braga , Martiniano Suilane Gomes , Cardoso Andreia Medeiros Rodrigues , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley , Figueiredo Nilcema , Padilha Wilton Wilney Nascimento 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the satisfaction of users of Dental Specialty Centers (CEO) in Brazil employing the Service Satisfaction Index (SSI) and identify associated factors.MethodsThis quantitative, evaluative, and cross‐sectional study used secondary data extracted from the Second External Evaluation of the Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of Brazilian Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ‐CEO) held in 2018 in 901 municipalities, accounting for 1097 CEO, of which 1042 were investigated. A total of 10391 users participated in the study. Considering user satisfaction as an aggregate variable, SSI was classified into two categories: Lower Satisfaction (SSI < 20) and Maximum Satisfaction (SSI = 20). Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS® software. The exploratory factor analysis verified the statistical correlations between attributes and SSI.ResultsThe maximum satisfaction with the service was 21.1%; factors that expressed the most significant influence on SSI were waiting time (OR = 1.17; CI 95%: 1.05–1.31), feeling that CEO has good conditions of use (OR = 7.05; CI 95%: 5.15–9.65), not wishing to be assisted at another CEO (OR = 4.17; CI 95%: 3.12–5.57), not having treatment interrupted due to lack of material (OR = 2.05; CI 95%: 1.70–2.47), age up to 40 years of users (OR = 1.31; CI 95%: 1.18–1.46) and higher education (OR = 1.30; CI 95%: 1.14–1.49).ConclusionsSSI appropriately described the user's satisfaction with the service. The maximum satisfaction with the service was influenced by age, education, waiting time, not having treatment interrupted, and considering CEO clean and hygienic environment.
Oral health care for people with disabilities in Brazil: Transition from the specialized dental services between 2014 and 2018
Authors: Queiroz Rejane Christine de Sousa , Oliveira Izabel Cristina Vieira de , Silva Núbia Cristina da , Borges Tassia Silvana , Nunes Ana Margarida Melo , Figueiredo Nilcema , Thomaz Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify changes in the dental service provision to people with disabilities (PD) in the Dental Specialties Centers (acronym CEO in Portuguese‐Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas) between the first and second cycles of the Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of CEO and analyse factors associated with any changes.MethodsThis nationwide ecological time series study adopted the CEO as the analysis unit. The 827 CEO who participated in the two program's cycles (2014 and 2018) were included. Data on the structure and the work process were considered to identify features of providing services to PD in both cycles. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was performed to identify latent status (LS) with similar features and model the transition between LS over time. Models with five variables and with two to five LS were tested, considered best conceptual interpretability and best model fit parameters: human resources structure (dentist working exclusively with PD) and work process that identified guarantee of PD treatment at the CEO, the CEO’s interface with primary care, and the interface with tertiary care. Spatial analysis was performed to identify spatial patterns of LS in the Brazilian territory with choropleth maps. A multinomial logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with changes in the provision of CEO (improved, remained or worsened).FindingsThe best‐fit model identified four LS: ‘Better’, ‘Medium better’, ‘Medium worse’ and ‘Worse’. CEO remained in the LS ‘Better’ (94%), LS ‘Medium’ (5.3%) and LS ‘Worse’ (78.4%). It is noteworthy that the highest proportion of CEO, in both cycles, was in the LS ‘Better’, featured by the CEO, characterized by all the CEO guaranteeing treatment to users with PD, high proportions of professionals working exclusively with PD, and most CEO articulated with primary care and with tertiary care. However, there is a decrease in the number of postgraduate professionals specializing in this service profile (1.3%). The higher the population growth, the greater the likelihood of the CEO achieving ‘improved’ in the LS. Moreover, the higher the number of goals, the lower the likelihood of the CEO getting ‘worse’ in the LS.ConclusionAdvances in dental service provision were observed, with more significant transitions to the ‘Better’ class, with improvements mainly in the interface with primary and tertiary care. Disability will be an even more significant concern as the population ages. Initiatives that can remove barriers and empower PD are potent in the provision of oral health services.
Factors associated with the waiting time for access to specialized oral healthcare services in Brazil
Authors: Cavalcanti Ronald Pereira , da Silva Rênnis Oliveira , Martelli Petrônio José de Lima , Sobrinho José Eudes de Lorena , Pucca Júnior Gilberto Alfredo , da Silveira Gaspar Gabriela , de Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the factors associated with the waiting time for access to specialized care at Dental Specialties Centers (CEO, in Portuguese), by specialty (Stomatology, Surgery, Endodontics, Patients with Special Needs and Periodontology).MethodsThe study was a descriptive and analytic exploratory secondary analysis of data from the 2nd phase of the National Program for Improving the Access to and Quality of CEO (PMAQ‐CEO, in Portuguese). All 1097 CEO in Brazil were evaluated in loco in 2018. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the likelihood of users having a shorter time for assistance at CEO, by specialty.ResultsThe highest and lowest median waiting times were found for endodontics (30 days) and stomatology (5 days), respectively. Smaller centres (type I CEO) had a shorter waiting list for patients with special needs (95%CI: 1.20–3.37), Endodontics (95%CI: 1.03–3.02) and Surgery (95%CI: 1.04–3.05). As for the specialties with the longest waiting list (Endodontics and Surgery), the direct route of user access to CEO was more effective than that regulated by the Healthcare System.ConclusionsFactors related to the service, management, and to the form of relationship with primary health care influenced the waiting time for specialized care in CEO. The contact between professionals in the oral health network (primary care and secondary) was associated with a shorter waiting time, regardless of the specialty.
Di‐genic inheritance of germline POLE and PMS2 pathogenic variants causes a unique condition associated with pediatric cancer predisposition
Authors: Michaeli Orli , Ladany Hagay , Erez Ayelet , Ben Shachar Shay , Izraeli Shai , Lidzbarsky Gabriel , Basel‐Salmon Lina , Biskup Saskia , Maruvka Yosef E. , Toledano Helen , Goldberg Yael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymerase proofreading‐associated polyposis (PPAP) and Lynch syndrome, caused by mutated POLE and mismatch repair (MMR) genes, respectively, are associated with adult‐onset cancer. PPAP and MMR‐deficient tumors are both hypermutated, and each has a unique mutational signature. We describe a 4.5‐year‐old boy with multiple café au lait spots who presented with metastatic Sonic Hedgehog‐activated medulloblastoma, with partial response to intensive chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The tumor showed microsatellite stability, loss of PMS2 nuclear expression, and an exceptionally high tumor mutational burden of 276 Mut/Mb. Germline molecular analysis revealed an inherited heterozygous pathogenic POLE variant and a de novo heterozygous PMS2 pathogenic variant. The tumor featured the MMR, POLE, and POLE+MMR mutational signatures. This is the first description of a di‐genic condition, which we named “POL‐LYNCH syndrome,” manifested by an aggressive ultra‐mutant pediatric medulloblastoma with a unique genomic signature.
Mechanism of transcription regulation by Acinetobacter baumannii HpaR in the catabolism of p‐hydroxyphenylacetate
Authors: Permsirivisarn Permkun , Yuenyao Anan , Pramanpol Nuttawan , Charoenwattanasatien Ratana , Suginta Wipa , Chaiyen Pimchai , Pakotiprapha Danaya 
Published: December 2021

HpaR is a transcription regulator in the MarR family that controls the expression of the gene cluster responsible for conversion of p‐hydroxyphenylacetate to pyruvate and succinate for cellular metabolism. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii HpaR (AbHpaR) and its complex with cognate DNA. Our study revealed that AbHpaR binds upstream of the divergently transcribed hpaA gene and the meta‐cleavage operon, as well as the hpaR gene, thereby repressing their transcription by blocking access of RNA polymerase. Structural analysis of AbHpaR‐DNA complex revealed that the DNA binding specificity can be achieved via a combination of both direct and indirect DNA sequence readouts. DNA binding of AbHpaR is weakened by 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetate (DHPA), which is the substrate of the meta‐cleavage reactions; this likely leads to expression of the target genes. Based on our findings, we propose a model for how A. baumannii controls transcription of HPA‐metabolizing genes, which highlights the independence of global catabolite repression and could be beneficial for metabolic engineering toward bioremediation applications.DatabasesThe structural data that support these findings are openly available in the wwPDB at https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7EL2/pdb and https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb7EL3/pdb for AbHpaR and AbHpaR‐DNA complex, respectively.
Improving the framework for assessment of ecological change in the Arctic: A circumpolar synthesis of freshwater biodiversity
Authors: Goedkoop Willem , Culp Joseph M. , Christensen Tom , Christoffersen Kirsten S. , Fefilova Elena , Guðbergsson Guðni , Lárusson Kári Fannar , Liljaniemi Petri , Novichkova Anna A. , Ólafsson Jón S. , Sandøy Steinar , Lento Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Climate warming and subsequent landscape transformations result in rapid ecological change in Arctic freshwaters. Here we provide a synthesis of the diversity of benthic diatoms, plankton, macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fish in Arctic freshwaters.

We developed a multi‐organism measure of α diversity to characterise circumpolar spatial patterns and their environmental correlates, and we assessed ecoregion‐level β diversity for all organism groups across the Arctic.

Alpha diversity was lowest at high latitudes and elevations and where dispersal barriers exist. Diversity was positively related to temperature, and both temperature and connectivity limited diversity on high latitude islands. Beta diversity was highly variable among ecoregions for most organism groups, ranging from 0 (complete similarity) to 1 (complete dissimilarity). The high degree of dissimilarity within many ecoregions illustrates the uniqueness of many Arctic freshwater communities.

Northward range expansion of freshwater taxa into Arctic regions may lead to increased competition for cold‐stenothermic and cold‐adapted species, and ultimately lead to the extinction of unique Arctic species. Societal responses to predicted impacts include: (1) actions to improve detection of changes (e.g., harmonised monitoring, remote sensing) and engagement with Arctic residents and Indigenous Peoples; and (2) actions to reduce the impact of unwanted changes (e.g., reductions of CO2 emissions, action against the spread of invasive species).

Current Arctic freshwater monitoring shows large gaps in spatial coverage, while time series data are scarce. Arctic countries should develop an intensified, long‐term monitoring programme with routine reporting. Such an approach will allow detection of long‐term changes in water quality, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of Arctic freshwaters.
Spatiotemporal spread characteristics and influencing factors of COVID‐19 cases: Based on big data of population migration in China
Authors: Zhang Yizhen , Deng Zhen , Supriyadi Agus , Song Rui , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs a public health emergency, the COVID‐19 pandemic has attracted widespread attention from scholars worldwide. Combining social network models, GIS analysis and spatial econometric models, we explored the characteristics of the Wuhan population outflow network and factors affecting the number of COVID‐19 cases. The results show that the Wuhan population outflow network has strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity. Cities in Hubei Province, central cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, and cities rich in tourism resources were the main destinations of Wuhan’s population inflow. The distribution of COVID‐19 cases not only showed a strong spatial autocorrelation but also a hierarchical diffusion effect. The benchmark regression results showed that the population outflow from Wuhan determines the number of COVID‐19 cases in other cities. Temperature was negatively correlated with the number of COVID‐19 cases, while the PM2.5 concentration failed the significance test. Thus, the lower is the temperature, the greater are the survival and spread of the virus facilitated. Furthermore, cities with a higher population density and more employees in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are more vulnerable to COVID‐19. Finally, by replacing the weight matrix and setting instrumental variables, we proved the robustness of the above main conclusions.