bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Path-Rank-Based Data Chunk Scheduling for Concurrent Multipath Transmission
Authors: Tomar Parul , Kumar Gyanendra , Verma Lal Pratap 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The device equipped with a multi-homing feature optimally exploits multiple network interfaces in modern communications networks such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine communication using the concurrent multipath transfer (CMT). This enhances system performance by concurrently scheduling data chunks on multiple network paths. For a while, several scheduling criteria have been developed to optimize performance. However, it has been identified that CMT still suffers from many serious problems, such as spurious retransmission, receiver buffer blocking, improper congestion window (CWND) growth, re-ordering and long round trip time, resulting in poor performance. These problems occur due to the asymmetric nature of path characteristics. Thus, this paper introduces a path rank-based CMT (R-CMT) that schedules data chunks according to the rank of the path. The proposed scheduling method calculates the rank of each network path based on the ratio of successfully received and transmitted chunks. The simulation results indicate that the proposed R-CMT scheduling achieves higher performance in terms of network latency, throughput and CWND growth.
A review of bioenergetic modelling for marine mammal populations
Authors: Pirotta Enrico 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bioenergetic models describe the processes through which animals acquire energy from resources in the environment and allocate it to different life history functions. They capture some of the fundamental mechanisms regulating individuals, populations and ecosystems and have thus been used in a wide variety of theoretical and applied contexts. Here, I review the development of bioenergetic models for marine mammals and their application to management and conservation. For these long-lived, wide-ranging species, bioenergetic approaches were initially used to assess the energy requirements and prey consumption of individuals and populations. Increasingly, models are developed to describe the dynamics of energy intake and allocation and predict how resulting body reserves, vital rates and population dynamics might change as external conditions vary. The building blocks required to develop such models include estimates of intake rate, maintenance costs, growth patterns, energy storage and the dynamics of gestation and lactation, as well as rules for prioritizing allocation. I describe how these components have been parameterized for marine mammals and highlight critical research gaps. Large variation exists among available analytical approaches, reflecting the large range of life histories, management needs and data availability across studies. Flexibility in modelling strategy has supported tailored applications to specific case studies but has resulted in limited generality. Despite the many empirical and theoretical uncertainties that remain, bioenergetic models can be used to predict individual and population responses to environmental change and other anthropogenic impacts, thus providing powerful tools to inform effective management and conservation.
Pangenome Evolution in Environmentally Transmitted Symbionts of Deep-Sea Mussels Is Governed by Vertical Inheritance
Authors: Romero Picazo Devani , Werner Almut , Dagan Tal , Kupczok Anne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microbial pangenomes vary across species; their size and structure are determined by genetic diversity within the population and by gene loss and horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Many bacteria are associated with eukaryotic hosts where the host colonization dynamics may impact bacterial genome evolution. Host-associated lifestyle has been recognized as a barrier to HGT in parentally transmitted bacteria. However, pangenome evolution of environmentally acquired symbionts remains understudied, often due to limitations in symbiont cultivation. Using high-resolution metagenomics, here we study pangenome evolution of two co-occurring endosymbionts inhabiting Bathymodiolus brooksi mussels from a single cold seep. The symbionts, sulfur-oxidizing (SOX) and methane-oxidizing (MOX) gamma-proteobacteria, are environmentally acquired at an early developmental stage and individual mussels may harbor multiple strains of each symbiont species. We found differences in the accessory gene content of both symbionts across individual mussels, which are reflected by differences in symbiont strain composition. Compared with core genes, accessory genes are enriched in genome plasticity functions. We found no evidence for recent HGT between both symbionts. A comparison between the symbiont pangenomes revealed that the MOX population is less diverged and contains fewer accessory genes, supporting that the MOX association with B. brooksi is more recent in comparison to that of SOX. Our results show that the pangenomes of both symbionts evolved mainly by vertical inheritance. We conclude that genome evolution of environmentally transmitted symbionts that associate with individual hosts over their lifetime is affected by a narrow symbiosis where the frequency of HGT is constrained.
Interactions ofCaenorhabditis elegansβ-tubulins with the microtubule inhibitor and anthelmintic drug albendazole
Authors: Pallotto Linda M , Dilks Clayton M , Park Ye-Jean , Smit Ryan B , Lu Brian T , Gopalakrishnan Chandrasekhar , Gilleard John S , Andersen Erik C , Mains Paul E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParasitic nematodes are major human and agricultural pests, and benzimidazoles are amongst the most important broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug class used for their control. Benzimidazole resistance is now widespread in many species of parasitic nematodes in livestock globally and an emerging concern for the sustainable control of human soil-transmitted helminths. β-tubulin is the major benzimidazole target, although other genes may influence resistance. Among the 6 Caenorhabditis elegans β-tubulin genes, loss of ben-1 causes resistance without other apparent defects. Here, we explored the genetics of C. elegans β-tubulin genes in relation to the response to the benzimidazole derivative albendazole. The most highly expressed β-tubulin isotypes, encoded by tbb-1 and tbb-2, were known to be redundant with each other for viability, and their products are predicted not to bind benzimidazoles. We found that tbb-2 mutants, and to a lesser extent tbb-1 mutants, were hypersensitive to albendazole. The double mutant tbb-2 ben-1 is uncoordinated and short, resembling the wild type exposed to albendazole, but the tbb-1 ben-1 double mutant did not show the same phenotypes. These results suggest that tbb-2 is a modifier of albendazole sensitivity. To better understand how BEN-1 mutates to cause benzimidazole resistance, we isolated mutants resistant to albendazole and found that 15 of 16 mutations occurred in the ben-1 coding region. Mutations ranged from likely nulls to hypomorphs, and several corresponded to residues that cause resistance in other organisms. Null alleles of ben-1 are albendazole-resistant and BEN-1 shows high sequence identity with tubulins from other organisms, suggesting that many amino acid changes could cause resistance. However, our results suggest that missense mutations conferring resistance are not evenly distributed across all possible conserved sites. Independent of their roles in benzimidazole resistance, tbb-1 and tbb-2 may have specialized functions as null mutants of tbb-1 or tbb-2 were cold or heat sensitive, respectively.
Statistical analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomic data by incorporating multiomics auxiliary information
Authors: Li Yan , Zhou Xiang , Cao Hongyuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEffective control of false discovery rate is key for multiplicity problems. Here, we consider incorporating informative covariates from external datasets in the multiple testing procedure to boost statistical power while maintaining false discovery rate control. In particular, we focus on the statistical analysis of innovative high-dimensional spatial transcriptomic data while incorporating external multiomics data that provide distinct but complementary information to the detection of spatial expression patterns. We extend OrderShapeEM, an efficient covariate-assisted multiple testing procedure that incorporates one auxiliary study, to make it permissible to incorporate multiple external omics studies, to boost statistical power of spatial expression pattern detection. Specifically, we first use a recently proposed computationally efficient statistical analysis method, spatial pattern recognition via kernels, to produce the primary test statistics for spatial transcriptomic data. Afterwards, we construct the auxiliary covariate by combining information from multiple external omics studies, such as bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data using the Cauchy combination rule. Finally, we extend and implement the integrative analysis method OrderShapeEM on the primary P-values along with auxiliary data incorporating multiomics information for efficient covariate-assisted spatial expression analysis. We conduct a series of realistic simulations to evaluate the performance of our method with known ground truth. Four case studies in mouse olfactory bulb, mouse cerebellum, human breast cancer, and human heart tissues further demonstrate the substantial power gain of our method in detecting genes with spatial expression patterns compared to existing classic approaches that do not utilize any external information.
Medical and Surgical Implications of Mesenteric Adipose Tissue in Crohn’s Disease: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Gu Phillip , Dube Shishir , McGovern Dermot P B 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) has gained substantial attention as an active player in Crohn’s disease (CD), but its clinical significance is poorly understood and likely reflects, in part, difficulties assessing MAT noninvasively. Recent radiologic studies have identified candidate surrogate markers that may reflect inflammatory alterations of MAT in CD and have found that certain features including visceral adipose tissue may inform risk of complicated disease behavior, risk for surgery, and postoperative outcomes. Additionally, emerging surgical data have suggested MAT may even be a therapeutic target to mitigate postoperative recurrence of CD. However, the current studies have variable results, reduced sample sizes, and methodological limitations that preclude incorporating the radiologic and surgical findings into clinical practice. Nonetheless, the results are promising and potentially have important implications for the medical and surgical management of CD, which merits that additional studies are warranted. Thus, we have reviewed the available literature on the medical and surgical implications of MAT in CD to summarize our current understanding and identify gaps in knowledge to inform future investigations.
Higher Koszul Brackets on the Cotangent Complex
Authors: Herbig Hans-Christian , Herden Daniel , Seaton Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Let $A=\boldsymbol{k}[x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_n]/I$ be a commutative algebra where $\boldsymbol{k}$ is a field, $\operatorname{char}(\boldsymbol{k})=0$, and $I\subseteq S:=\boldsymbol{k}[x_1,x_2,\dots , x_n]$ a Poisson ideal. It is well known that $[\textrm{d} x_i,\textrm{d} x_j]:=\textrm{d}\{x_i,x_j\}$ defines a Lie bracket on the $A$-module $\Omega _{A|\boldsymbol{k}}$ of Kähler differentials, making $(A,\Omega _{A|\boldsymbol k})$ a Lie–Rinehart pair. If $A$ is not regular, that is, $\Omega _{A|\boldsymbol{k}}$ is not projective, the cotangent complex $\mathbb{L}_{A|\boldsymbol{k}}$ serves as a replacement for $\Omega _{A|\boldsymbol k}$. We prove that $\mathbb{L}_{A|\boldsymbol{k}}$ is an $L_\infty $-algebroid compatible with the Lie–Rinehart pair $(A,\Omega _{A|\boldsymbol{k}})$. The $L_\infty $-algebroid structure comes from a $P_\infty $-algebra structure on the resolvent of the morphism $S\to A$. We identify examples when this $L_\infty $-algebroid simplifies to a dg Lie algebroid, concentrating on cases where $S$ is $\mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}$-graded and $I$ and $\{\:,\:\}$ are homogeneous.
The Middle East and North Africa in Political Science Scholarship: Analyzing Publication Patterns in Leading Journals, 1990–2019
Authors: Berlin Mark Stephen , Syed Anum Pasha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We examine publications on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in nine leading political science journals across three decades (1990–2019) to evaluate the scope of political science engagement with the region since the 1990s and analyze trends in research interests, developments in the use of empirical methods, and authorship patterns. Our data highlight significant gaps in the geographic and substantive scope of extant scholarship. Specifically, the disproportionate focus on non-Arab countries and limited engagement with certain topics, including identity, nationalism, and state formation, raise concerns about selection bias and causal misidentification. Nevertheless, we find encouraging trends with respect to methodological developments; however, the methods and data sources employed appear to be determined by case selection to some extent. We also note that few MENA-based scholars currently publish in these journals. These findings have important implications for the integration of MENA studies with and knowledge production in political science.
Structural basis for molecular interactions on the eukaryotic DNA sliding clamps PCNA and RAD9-RAD1-HUS1
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroshi , Hara Kodai , Hishiki Asami 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
DNA sliding clamps are widely conserved in all living organisms and play crucial roles in DNA replication and repair. Each DNA sliding clamp is a doughnut-shaped protein with a quaternary structure that encircles the DNA strand and recruits various factors involved in DNA replication and repair, thereby stimulating their biological functions. Eukaryotes have two types of DNA sliding clamp, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 (9-1-1). The homo-trimer PCNA physically interacts with multiple proteins containing a PCNA-interacting protein box and/or AlkB homologue 2 PCNA-interacting motif. The two motifs bind to PCNA by a similar mechanism; in addition, the bound PCNA structure is similar, implying a universality of PCNA interactions. In contrast to PCNA, 9-1-1 is a hetero-trimer composed of RAD9, RAD1 and HUS1 subunits. Although 9-1-1 forms a trimeric ring structure similar to PCNA, the C-terminal extension of the RAD9 is intrinsically unstructured. Based on the structural similarity between PCNA and 9-1-1, the mechanism underlying the interaction of 9-1-1 with its partners was thought to be analogous to that of PCNA. Unexpectedly, however, the recent structure of the 9-1-1 ring bound to a partner has revealed a novel interaction distinct from that of PCNA, potentially providing a new principle for molecular interactions on DNA sliding clamps.
Two cases of lead poisoning associated with occupational exposure presented as intestinal obstruction: a case report
Authors: Tanwar Paran , Goyal Pradeep , Trivedi Sourabh , Kolli Jahnavi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Lead exposure in India is common in industries that may present with nonspecific signs and symptoms or symptoms of toxicity, depending on the amount of lead absorbed. We are presenting two case reports of occupational lead exposure in a lead-based battery manufacturing unit, which were presented as intestinal obstruction. Both the patients aged 28 and 24-year old presented with complaints of pain in the abdomen with blood lead levels of 61.1 and 85 μg/dl, respectively. The diagnosis was made clinically before any other radiological investigation or intervention. Both the patients were treated conservatively with D-Penicillamine, following which, both the patients improved symptomatically and the blood lead level also decreased. The importance of a detailed history of occupation & clinically diagnosing such patient will avoid unnecessary investigation and intervention. This will help to reach the correct diagnosis in such cases.
Nasosinusal chondrosarcoma with orbito-cerebral extension
Authors: Bouhafs Khalid , Lachkar Azeddine , Bouamama Tayeb , Miry Achraf , Benfadil Drissia , Ghailan Mohammed Rachid 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a highly aggressive malignant tumor originating from cartilaginous and mesenchymal tissues. The aim of this report is to describe a rare case of nasosinusal chondrosarcoma with orbito-cerebral extension. Our patient was a 55-year-old with a right cheek swelling evolving over a year, with unilateral right nasal obstruction gradually becoming bilateral associated with hyposmia, bilateral exophthalmos, reduced bilateral deep visual acuity and permanent headaches. The clinical examination found a tumor obstructing the two nasal cavities. Imaging showed a lobulated heterogeneous tissue process occupying the paranasal sinuses, with calcifications and enhancement at its periphery, extending to the orbito-cerebral area. The histopathological analysis was in favor of chondrosarcoma. The patient was first treated with an incomplete surgical resection by an endonasal route due to the extension to the orbit and the brain and received adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical excision is a prognostic factor in this type of sarcomas and reduces recurrence rates.
Granular cell tumor of distal bile duct treated with Whipple’s procedure
Authors: Botsakis Konstantinos , Trakosari Paraskevi , Papamichail Michail , Petsa-Poutouri Sofia , Kouvidou Chariklia , Paraskevopoulou Marina , Chasiotis Dimitrios , Vougas Vassilios 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare benign neoplasms that are most often located in the soft tissues of the extremities and chest wall. Malignant GCTs have also been reported. GCTs of the biliary tract are extremely rare, uncommon non-epithelial benign neoplasms that cause focal thickening of bile duct wall without mucosal invasion. They consist of polygonal cells with granular appearance and stain positive in S-100 protein, indicating a neural (Schwann cell) origin. We report our experience of a 57-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with obstructing jaundice due to a distal bile duct stricture highly suspicious of cholangiocarcinoma. A Whipple’s procedure was successfully performed, and the final pathology revealed a benign GCT of the distal bile duct. Whipple’s is an extremely radical procedure for such benign lesions and additional investigations, such as cytology sample, may result in a less aggressive approach as those tumors grow slowly and do not metastasize.
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis presenting as acute abdomen: a case report
Authors: Ridolfo Sofia , Cammarata Francesco , Bonomi Alessandro M , Troci Albert , Crespi Michele , Molteni Paola , Pellegrinelli Alessandro , Ardizzone Sandro , Danelli Piergiorgio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) represents an important diagnostic challenge in the clinical setting, as it generally can occur as a chronic condition often mimicking other diseases such as Crohn’s disease (CD), and can present itself with acute onset, which can be life-threatening. A 29-years-old Chinese woman coming to ER with abdominal pain, fever and weight loss. Computed tomography and colonoscopy images were not diagnostic. Despite medical therapy, the patient progressively worsened developing sepsis requiring emergency surgery. Pathological and microbiological examination of the colon both pointed towards gastrointestinal tuberculosis involvement. Although ITB is generally a chronic-wasting condition, it can also occur as acute abdomen representing an absolute surgical emergency. Although caseation and necrosis in granulomas can be used for diagnosis of ITB, preoperative diagnosis is still challenging. Endoscopic biopsies targeted to ulcerous lesions could be an essential diagnostic tool, contrary to those targeted to the ulcers’ edges as performed in CD.
Exploring the prevalence and burden of sleep disturbance in primary brain tumor patients
Authors: King Amanda L , Shuboni-Mulligan Dorela D , Vera Elizabeth , Crandon Sonja , Acquaye Alvina A , Boris Lisa , Burton Eric , Choi Anna , Christ Alexa , Grajkowska Ewa , Jammula Varna , Leeper Heather E , Lollo Nicole , Penas-Prado Marta , Reyes Jennifer , Theeler Brett , Wall Kathleen , Wu Jing , Gilbert Mark R , Armstrong Terri S 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep disturbance (SD) is common in patients with cancer and has been associated with worse clinical outcomes. This cross-sectional study explored the prevalence of SD in a primary brain tumor (PBT) population, identified associated demographic and clinical characteristics, and investigated co-occurrence of SD with other symptoms and mood disturbance.MethodsDemographic, clinical characteristics, MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor, and Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Depression and Anxiety Short-Forms were collected from PBT patients at study entry. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and independent t-tests were used to report results.ResultsThe sample included 424 patients (58% male, 81% Caucasian) with a mean age of 49 years (range 18–81) and 58% with high-grade gliomas. Moderate-severe SD was reported in 19% of patients and was associated with younger age, poor Karnofsky Performance Status, tumor progression on MRI, and active corticosteroid use. Those with moderate-severe SD had higher overall symptom burden and reported more moderate-severe symptoms. These individuals also reported higher severity in affective and mood disturbance domains, with 3 to 4 times higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The most frequently co-occurring symptoms with SD were, drowsiness, and distress, though other symptoms typically associated with tumor progression also frequently co-occurred.ConclusionsPBT patients with moderate-severe SD are more symptomatic, have worse mood disturbance, and have several co-occurring symptoms. Targeting interventions for sleep could potentially alleviate other co-occurring symptoms, which may improve life quality for PBT patients. Future longitudinal work examining objective and detailed subjective sleep reports, as well as underlying genetic risk factors, will be important.