bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Fall Prevention Exercise Program on Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Thompson Christian J. , Holskey Taylor H. , Wallenrod Sara , Simunovich Sarah , Corn Rodney 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Multimodal exercise programs improve functional capacity in older adults, but no progressive multimodal group exercise model that reduces fall risk has been detailed. In addition, research indicates that basic exercise programs can be led by peer exercise leaders with no formal fitness education, yet it is unknown whether a complex exercise program design would result in similar positive outcomes. The purposes of this study were 1) to determine the effect of a progressive multimodal 12-wk exercise program on falls risk, balance confidence, and perceptions of health and 2) to assess the effectiveness of the program when delivered by older lay exercise leaders.

Methods
1) Community-dwelling older adults (N = 95) were recruited and participated in a 12-wk multimodal progressive exercise program consisting of exercises for joint mobility, sensory stimulation, muscle strength/power, balance, and gait enhancement. The Functional Reach Test, Timed Up-And-Go Test, 30-s Chair Stand Test, Activities Specific Balance Confidence Scale, and 12-item Short Form Health Outcomes Survey were collected at baseline and completion. 2) The same intervention was delivered to a randomized group of older adults assigned to lay exercise leaders (N = 23), certified fitness leaders (N = 24), or a control group (N = 23).

Results
1) The program significantly reduced falls risk and improved balance confidence and perceptions of health. 2) Both exercise lay leader and certified leader classes resulted in a significant reduction in falls risk compared with the control group.

Conclusion
This 12-wk progressive multimodal exercise program was effective at reducing falls risk and may be adaptable to other settings.
Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among health care practitioners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Almojaibel Abdullah A. , Ansari Khalid , Alzahrani Yahya A. , Alessy Saleh A. , Farooqi Faraz A. , Alqurashi Yousef D. 
Published: November 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major public health crisis worldwide. In less than 12 months since the World Health Organization declared the outbreak, several different COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and deployed mostly in developed countries since January 2021. However, hesitancy to accept the newly developed vaccines is a well-known public health challenge that needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to measure willingness and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines among health care practitioners' (HCPs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online self-reported survey was conducted among HCPs in Saudi Arabia between April 4th to April 25th 2021 using snowball sampling. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the possible factors affecting HCPs’ willingness and hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Out of 776 participants who started the survey, 505 (65%) completed it and were included in the results. Among all HCPs, 47 (9.3%) either said “no” to receive the vaccine [20 (4%)] or were hesitant to receive it [27 (5.3%)]. Of the total number of the HCPs, 376 (74.5%) already received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 48 (9.50%) were registered to receive it. The main reason of agreement to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was “wanting to protect self and others from getting the infection” (24%). Conclusion: Our findings have shown that hesitancy toward receiving COVID-19 vaccines among HCPs in Saudi Arabia is limited and therefore may not be a serious issue. The outcomes of this study may help to understand factors that lead to vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia and help public health authorities to design targeted health education interventions aiming to increase uptake of these vaccines.
Potential anti-cancer features of metformin
Authors: Puła Aleksandra , Krzysiek Urszula , Podgórska Klaudia , Gorczyca Kamila , Artykiewicz Klaudia , Słupczyńska Aleksandra , Urbaś Weronika , Czarkowski Marcin , Kozieł Paweł , Grodkiewicz Maria 
Published: November 2022

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE:
Metformin is one of the most frequently prescribed medications in the whole world. This lipophilic biguanide is widely used as a first-line medicine for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus because of its high effectiveness in monotherapy, and in connection with other antidiabetic drugs. Glucose-lowering properties of metformin were initially used only in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but some data indicate that these properties might state an alternative in the prevention or treatment of some cancers both among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
STATE OF KNOWLEDGE:
Metformin molecular mechanisms of action were thoroughly investigated, differentiated, and described, but in the context of the glucose-lowering effect. As a multiway drug, used mainly in diseases characterized by an increased level of glucose in the blood, numerous medical trials were conducted to find other treating properties of metformin. Recently, a few reports presented the potential connection between using metformin in the prevention and treatment of neoplasms in the same mechanisms. The scientists analyzed the influence of metformin’s action on various cancers and drew conclusions. The research on potential anti-cancer features of metformin was conducted for a relatively short period and still presents a challenge to scientists.
CONCLUSIONS:
The aim of this review is to gather current knowledge and present the latest discoveries about potential anti-cancer features of metformin. We discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of metformin’s action in the human body and indicate the connection between the prevention and treatment of neoplasms. Additionally, we point out the exact cancers in which metformin might play a significant role.
Broadband stealth devices based on encoded metamaterials
Authors: Yang Kai , Shi Siqi , Li Chenxia , Huang Wenkang , Jing Xufeng 
Published: November 2022

Based on the generalized Snell’s law, the relationship between the phase gradient of
the metasurface and the incident frequency is demonstrated, and the
principle of the achromatic metasurface is developed. By adjusting the
phase gradient and linear dispersion simultaneously, the function of
achromatic aberration is realized, and the influence of chromatic
aberration on the metasurface is reduced. We propose a metasurface
stealth device with achromatic multilayer frame metasurfaces with beam
deflection, steering, and collection functions so that the incident
electromagnetic beam is transmitted around the stealth object without
scattering. In the range of 0.45–0.9 THz, the
stealth function can be achieved. We have shown that the achromatic
principle, design method, and stealth structure provide a guide for
achieving transmissive cloaking.
Expansion of CD8+ T cell population in Lassa virus survivors with low T cell precursor frequency reveals durable immune response in most survivors
Authors: LaVergne Stephanie M. , Sakabe Saori , Momoh Mambu , Kanneh Lansana , Bond Nell , Garry Robert F. , Grant Donald S. , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Oldstone Michael B. A. , Schieffelin John S. , Sullivan Brian M. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionLassa virus is a priority pathogen for vaccine research and development, however the duration of cellular immunity and protection in Lassa fever (LF) survivors remains unclear.MethodsWe investigated Lassa virus specific CD8+T cell responses in 93 LF survivors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these individuals were infected with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding Lassa virus antigens and virus specific T cell responses were measured after 18-hour incubation. Participants who had undetectable CD8+T cell response underwent further analysis using a 10-day T cell proliferation assays to evaluate for low T cell precursor frequency.ResultsForty-five of the 93 LF survivors did not have a Lassa virus specific CD8+T cell response. Of those with responses and a known date of onset of LF (N = 11), 9 had LF within the last ten years. Most participants without a measurable CD8+T cell response were more than 10 years removed from a clinical history of LF (N = 14/16). Fourteen of 21 patients (67%) with undetectable CD8+T cell response had a measurable Lassa virus specific CD8+T cell response with the 10-day assay.DiscussionDespite reports of strong CD8+T cell responses during acute Lassa virus infection, circulating Lassa virus-specific CD8+T cells declined to undetectable levels in most Lassa fever survivors after ten years when evaluated with an 18-hour T cell stimulation. However, when Lassa virus-specific T cells were expanded prior to restimulation, a Lassa virus-specific CD8+T cell response could be detected in many if the samples that were negative in the 18-hour stimulation assay, suggesting that prolonged cellular immunity does exist in Lassa fever survivors at low frequencies.
Preconception syphilis seroprevalence and association with duration of marriage and age among married individuals in Guangdong Province, China: A population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiong Wenxue , Han Lu , Li Rui , Tang Xijia , Fan Chaonan , Liu Xiaohua , Wu Jiabao , Nie Hua , Qin Weibing , Ling Li 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDuration of marriage (DoM) and age are important characteristics of married individuals, who are the critical population for eliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of syphilis. A deep understanding of the preconception syphilis seroprevalence (PSS) and its distribution among this population may be able to help to eliminate MTCT. However, few population-based epidemiological studies have been focused on this group, and the association of DoM and age with PSS remains unclear.Methodology/Principal findingsThis study used data from 4,826,214 married individuals aged 21–49 years who participated in the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project in Guangdong Province, China, between 2014 and 2019. Syphilis was screened using the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. The seroprevalence time series, seroprevalence map, and hot spot analysis (HSA) were employed to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution. The restricted cubic spline (RCS) based on multivariate logistic regression was used to model the association of DoM and age with PSS. The interactions on the additive scale of DoM and age were also assessed.The PSS was 266.61 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 262.03–271.24) and the burden was higher in economically underdeveloped area within the province. A strong J-shaped non-linearity association was observed between age and PSS. Specifically, the risk of seropositivity was relatively flat until 27 years of age among men and increased rapidly afterwards, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.12–1.13) per unit. Among women, the risk of seropositivity was relatively flat until 25 years of age and increased rapidly afterwards with an aOR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.08–1.09) per unit. DoM was negatively associated with PSS among married individuals. Moreover, the combined effects of age and DoM appeared to be synergistic.Conclusions/SignificanceOur findings suggest that attention should be paid to preventing syphilis in underdeveloped areas and that syphilis screening in newly married individuals who are in their late 20s or older should be recommended. Additionally, early syphilis prevention strategies should be implemented among young people as early as possible.
The Japanese version of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2): Psychometric evaluation and analysis of the theoretical model
Authors: Yoshimura Sayaka , Shibata Mami , Kyuragi Yusuke , Kobayashi Kei , Aki Morio , Murai Toshiya , Fujiwara Hironobu 
Published: November 2022

Background
The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) is a self-administered questionnaire that evaluates problematic internet use (PIU) from a multidimensional perspective. We analysed the psychometric properties and adequacy of the theoretical model of Japanese version of the GPIUS2.

Methods
This study included 291 healthy Japanese adults (median age = 25 years; interquartile range 22–43 years; 128 women) who completed the GPIUS2 and several other questionnaires evaluating the degree of PIU, self-esteem, depression, and impulsivity.

Results
Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a similar factor structure between the original and Japanese versions of the GPIUS2, with only minor differences in item composition. Higher-order confirmatory factor analyses revealed a good overall fit for the factorial model suggested by EFA, indicating adequate construct validity. The model showed acceptable internal consistency. Partial correlation analyses between GPIUS2 and other measures, with age as a control variable, revealed good convergent validity. Finally, structural equation modelling showed a good fit to the data, supporting the cognitive-behavioural model of Caplan (2010).

Conclusions
The Japanese version of the GPIUS2 has good psychometric properties and the theoretical model of the original GPIUS2 is applicable to Japanese adults.
Cardiovascular risk in subjects over 55 years of age and cognitive performance after five years. NEDICES2-RISK study. Study protocol
Authors: Tapias-Merino Ester , De Hoyos-Alonso María del Canto , Contador-Castillo Israel , Rodríguez-Sánchez Emiliano , Sanz-Cuesta Teresa , Becerro-Muñoz Concepción María , Hernández-Gallego Jesús , Vega-Quiroga Saturio , Bermejo-Pareja Félix ,   NEDICES2-RISK Group
Published: November 2022

Background
Cognitive impairment and dementia have a high prevalence among the elderly and cause significant socio-economic impact. Any progress in their prevention can benefit millions of people. Current data indicate that cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors increase the risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia. Using models to calculate CVR specific for the Spanish population can be useful for estimating the risk of cognitive deterioration since research on this topic is limited and predicting this risk is mainly based on outcomes in the Anglo-Saxon population. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between CVR in the Spanish population, as calculated using the FRESCO (Función de Riesgo Española de acontecimientos Coronarios y Otros) and REGICOR (Registre Gironí del Cor) CVR tables, and the change in cognitive performance at a 5-year follow-up.

Methods
Design: Observational, analytic, prospective cohort study, with a 5-year follow-up. Ambit: Population. Population: Subjects 55 to 74 years of age, included in the NEDICES2 (2014–2017) cohort, who did not present dementia and had undergone the neuropsychological evaluation (N = 962). Variables: Exposure factors (CVR factors and estimated risk according to the CVR predictors by REGICOR and FRESCO), dependent variables (change in the score of the brief neuropsychological test in the study NEDICES2 five years after the first evaluation), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: Analysis of data quality. Descriptive analysis: socio-demographic and clinical variables of subjects. Bivariate analysis: relationship between basal CVR and change in neuropsychological tests. Multivariate analysis: relationship between basal CVR and change in neuropsychological tests adjusted by co-variables. Analysis and comparison of the reliable change in independent samples.

Discussion
The Spanish population can benefit from determining if individuals with high CVR, which is commonly detected in usual clinical practice, will present decreased cognitive performance compared to subjects with lower CVR. This study can affect how to address CVR factors and the design of effective prevention strategies for cognitive deterioration.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03925844.
Mechanism of gene network in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage by natural plant drugs in Lutong granules
Authors: Sun Jie , Li Na , Xu Min , Li Li , Chen Ji Lin , Chen Yong , Xu Jian Guo , Wang Ting Hua 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
To study the effects of Lu-tong Granules (LTG) in ICH etermine the underlying mechanism of molecular network

Methods
Modern bioinformatics and network pharmacology methods were used to predict molecular network mechanisms between ICH and LTG. Animal experiments were carried out to verify the effect of LTG for the treatment of ICH, combined with behavior test and morphologic detection.

Results
Forty-three active components in LTG and involved 192 gene targets were identified successfully. Moreoner, they were intersected with 1132 genes of ICH,88 intersection targets were obtained. subsequently, Cytoscape was used to screen Hub genes, in which,6 core molecules, including AKT1, IL6, VEGFA, CASP3, JUN and MMP9 were recognized. Furthermore, we constructed Six core compounds by " disease-drug-active ingredient-target-KEGG " (D-D-A-T-K) network, showed including quercetin, luteolin, β sitosterol, stigmasterol, kaempferol and formononetin, and PPI protein network interaction showed that AKT1:OS3 and CNA2:DKN1A had the highest correlation. Whereas the enrichment of GO and KEGG indicated that LTG was most likely to play a therapeutic role in ICH through AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Integrated analysis also showed that the first 10 pathways of KEGG are integrated into 59 genes, among which 6 core genes are closely involved. Lastly, molecular docking showed that there was a good binding activity between the core components and the core genes, and animal experiments confirmed effect of LTG in the treatment of ICH, by using TTC staining and behavior test.

Conclusion
LTG are effective for the treatment of ICH, the underlying mechanism could be involved in gene network including anti-inflammatory response, nerve repair, analgesia, anti-epilepsy and other aspects.
Abordagens fisioterapêuticas no pós-operatório de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Sousa Rodney Ribeiro de , Moura Ayla de Jesus , Oliveira Dyandra Fernanda Lima de , Vale Thamires Santos do , Oliveira Anderson dos Santos , Silva Tamires Mendes , Veloso Júnior Paulo Henrique de Holanda 
Published: November 2022

Uma das lesões mais ocorrentes no mundo todo é a lesão no ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) e a abordagem inicial do tratamento para esse tipo de lesão ocorre por meio cirúrgico, sendo a fisioterapia auxiliar no pós-cirúrgico do paciente em seu processo de reabilitação. Com isso, objetivou-se identificar os tipos de protocolos fisioterapêuticos utilizados no pós-operatório de reconstrução de ligamento cruzado anterior. O trabalho consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica, elaborada a partir de dados dos indexadores PubMed, SciELO e PEDro, publicados entre 2016 e 2020, em língua portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa. Os resultados mostraram que são tratamentos eficazes a reabilitação tradicional associada a um protocolo de vibração de corpo inteiro na frequência ideal, a reabilitação baseada em critérios objetivos, a estimulação elétrica funcional, a utilização da mobilização imediata do joelho, o treinamento de força/neuromuscular e a reabilitação supervisionada. Dessa forma, em virtude de os aspectos apresentados ver-se a reabilitação do pós-operatório do LCA como uma área que abrange diversas alternativas, mas que ainda se tem a necessidade de ser explorada.
Relevance of inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome: a case report
Authors: García Clara Jiménez , Sirera Paula Sirera , Torregrosa Quesada María Eugenia , Bueno Victoria González , Guerra Rocío Alfayate 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Non-specific signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome (CS) can pose a diagnostic challenge.

Case presentation
We report the case of a man referred to the service of endocrinology for suspected CS. Hypercortisolism was confirmed on CS screening tests, whereas diagnostic tests confirmed the presence of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) -dependent CS. The corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation (CRH) test was performed to determine whether CS had an endogenous or ectopic origin. Since the CRH and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test were negative, IPSS was performed and suggested that CS was originated in the pituitary glands. Transsphenoidal pituitary resection was carried out. Histopathological analysis confirmed the cortitotrope origin of the tumor.

Conclusions
The etiological study and differential diagnosis of CS are complex processes that involve a variety of biochemical and imaging tests. It is important that a sequence of biochemical screening and diagnostic tests is performed, along with studies for establishing the location of the lesion, to determine whether CS has an adrenal, pituitary or ectopic origin. Despite its good diagnostic performance, the results of biochemical tests may not be conclusive, especially in ACTH-dependent CS. In the case reported, the inconclusive results obtained in the CRH test rendered an invasive procedure (IPSS) necessary, which ultimately confirmed diagnosis.
Smooth Hilbert schemes: Their classification and geometry
Authors: Skjelnes Roy , Smith Gregory G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Closed subschemes in projective space with a fixed Hilbert polynomial are
parametrized by a Hilbert scheme. We classify the smooth ones. We identify
numerical conditions on a polynomial that completely determine when the
Hilbert scheme is smooth. We also reinterpret these smooth Hilbert schemes
as generalized partial flag varieties and describe the subschemes being
parametrized.
Influence of the mild steel coating application process, drying method and pigment on the surface topography
Authors: Razumić Andrej , Turkalj Lovro , Horvatić Novak Amalija , Stojanović Ivan , Runje Biserka 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Protecting metal surfaces with organic coatings is one of the most common ways of corrosion protection. The main goal of coating is to insulate the base of the material from the corrosive environment in order to provide long lasting protection. The aim of this research is to show how different coating applications in combination with different drying methods affect the coating surface topography. Two different two-component primers were also observed, one containing zinc in its chemical composition and the other one not, to see if zinc had any effect on the surface topography. The surface topography of coatings is examined by the atomic force microscope. At the nano level, the surface condition is quantitatively described by areal topography parameters, also known as 3D roughness parameters. An accelerated laboratory test in the salt spray chamber was performed to compare topography parameters and evaluate which coating system had the slightest differences in observed parameters before and after exposure to a corrosive environment. All the results were statistically processed and presented.