bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nachhaltigkeitsziele in der Wirtschaftspolitik — juristische Überlegungen
Authors: Bechtold Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Europe, legislators are increasingly introducing sustainability goals into the system of private law. By prohibiting certain conduct, increasing transparency, nudging companies, as well as changing institutions, procedures and liability regimes, legislators complement private law with tools and goals traditionally attributed to public law. This article provides an overview and points to critical aspects, including the limited empirical evidence on how effective such measures are, whether such measures invite strategic maneuvers by companies, and how this affects the general relationship between private and public law.
Nachhaltigkeitsziele in der Wirtschaftspolitik — volkswirtschaftliche Überlegungen
Authors: Wambach Achim , Zulehner Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThrough the canon of the UN SDGs or the European Green Deal, sustainability goals are finding their way into legislation. From an economic point of view, these targets often aim to reduce negative external effects, which is in many cases in line with the economic goal of maximising welfare. The determination of welfare gains in this context is not trivial and raises new questions in economics. Because they are often not clearly defined, the anchoring of sustainability goals in legislation may weaken legal certainty and lead to an abusive pursuit of other goals under their guise. This should be prevented by formulating the goals as concretely and legally securely as possible and by building up competence in the authorities entrusted with their implementation.
Handelssanktionen — Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen
Authors: Petersen Thieß , Schwab Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungLänder setzen immer wieder Wirtschaftssanktionen gegen andere Nationen ein, um diese zu einem bestimmten Handeln zu bewegen. Ein verändertes Verhalten soll dadurch erwirkt werden, dass dem von der Sanktion betroffenen Land ein wirtschaftlicher Schaden zugefügt wird. Er erhöht den Preis für Handlungen, die als unerwünscht angesehen werden. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die ökonomischen Auswirkungen von Handelssanktionen auf die beteiligten Volkswirtschaften und diskutiert diese in der aktuellen Situation mit Russland.
Wohlstand schaffen oder verteilen? Ein kurzer Blick auf Wahl- und Regierungsprogramme
Authors: Menkhoff Lukas 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungWirtschaftspolitik in einer sozialen Marktwirtschaft möchte Wohlstand schaffen und verteilen. Dies zeigt sich in den Wahl- und Regierungsprogrammen auf Bundesebene seit 2002, allerdings mit sehr unterschiedlichen Akzenten. Zur Analyse wird deshalb die relative Häufigkeit der Begriffe „Soziales“ und „Wettbewerb“ in Programmen errechnet. Der daraus gebildete S/W-Koeffizient zeigt die Positionierung der Parteien, ihre Veränderung, die Reaktion auf die Wirtschaftslage, den Unterschied zwischen Wahl- und Regierungsprogramm und schließlich den Kompromiss der Regierungsbildung.
Wohnimmobilienpreise, Inflationsmessung und Geldpolitik im Euroraum
Authors: Herborn Alexander , Schnabl Gunther 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Niedrigzinspolitik der EZB hat in vielen Ländern des Euroraums zu einem starken Anstieg der Wohnimmobilienpreise beigetragen. In einigen Mitgliedstaaten mündeten diese Übertreibungen am Wohnimmobilienmarkt bereits in Finanz- und Schuldenkrisen. Der Harmonisierte Verbraucherpreisindex (HVPI) von Eurostat, auf den die EZB ihre Geldpolitik ausrichtet, berücksichtigt die Wohnimmobilienpreise nicht. In der jüngsten Strategieüberprüfung der EZB wurde die Integration von selbstgenutztem Wohneigentum in den HVPI auf der Grundlage eines neuen Index von Eurostat in Aussicht gestellt. Der Beitrag untersucht mit Fokus auf Deutschland den Einfluss von selbstgenutztem Wohneigentum auf die offiziell gemessenen Inflationsraten und zeigt die Schwächen des geplanten Ansatzes auf.
Measuring of strain parameters reflects changes of right ventricular function before and after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Li Shen-Yi , Zhang Yi , Shen Ting-Ting , Lu Tian-Tian , Li Xi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStrain parameters on speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have been proposed as effective indexes for evaluating right ventricular (RV) function. This pilot study investigated the role of STE-derived strain parameters in assessing global and regional RV myocardial mechanical changes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) before and after thrombolytic therapy. In this case–control study, a total of 73 PE patients, 34 with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and 39 without PH, who underwent thrombolytic therapy were included. Healthy volunteers were included as controls. The peak longitudinal systolic strain (PLSS) and time to PLSS (TTP) for the global and regional RV were analyzed by STE software immediately before and 14 days after thrombolytic therapy. Changes in STE-derived strain parameters and conventional ultrasound parameters were compared. PLSS and TTP decreased before treatment in PE patients compared with measurements in the control group, particularly in those with PH. Also, the strain parameters decreased more significantly for the free wall than for the septum wall (P < 0.05). Moreover, the RV diastolic diameter (RVDD) and RV/left ventricular (LV) diameter ratio increased, while RV fraction shortening (RVFS), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG), and tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion (TAPSE) decreased (P < 0.05). The global strain parameters for the RV were positively correlated with RVDD and RV/LV diameter ratio, but negatively correlated with RVFS, RVFAC, TRPG, and TAPSE (P < 0.05). After treatment, the strain parameters differed significantly between PE patients with PH and controls but did not differ between PE patients without PH and controls. STE-derived parameters are effective for detecting changes in global and regional RV function in PE patients with or without acute PH.
Physicalism or Anti-physicalism: A Disjunctive Account
Authors: Baysan Umut , Wildman Nathan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we make a case for the disjunctive view of phenomenal consciousness: consciousness is essentially disjunctive in being either physical or non-physical in the sense that it has both physical and non-physical possible instances. We motivate this view by showing that it undermines two well-known conceivability arguments in philosophy of mind: the zombie argument for anti-physicalism, and the anti-zombie argument for physicalism. By appealing to the disjunctive view, we argue that two hitherto unquestioned premises of these arguments are false. Furthermore, making use of the resources of this view, we formulate distinct forms of both physicalism and anti-physicalism. On these formulations, it is easy to see how physicalists and anti-physicalists can accommodate the modal intuitions of their opponents regarding zombies and anti-zombies. We conclude that these formulations of physicalism and anti-physicalism are superior to their more traditional counterparts.
Two-party Bargaining Processes Based on Subjective Expectations: A Model and a Simulation Study
Authors: Dias Luis C. , Vetschera Rudolf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work presents a model for a two-party bargaining process in which multiple offers are exchanged as the negotiation goes on, under a risk of breakdown. Typical game theoretical analyses of such settings assume the breakdown risk is known and the parties are able to calculate an initial offer that is immediately accepted by the other party, ending the negotiation. Aiming to develop a model that is closer to real-life situations, in which parties do exchange many offers in a bargaining process, we consider the parties are unable to compute the far-reaching consequences of their offers, and are guided by their subjective expectations of the outcome of the negotiation. This introduces a new perspective to the analysis of two-party bargaining processes: the confidence of the bargainers in terms of what they hope to achieve by bargaining with each other. The resulting model can be seen as an extension of the Zeuthen-Hicks bargaining model. We show analytically that under the assumption of concave utilities of both parties, the bargaining process converges to the nonsymmetric Nash bargaining solution, where the asymmetry is caused by differences in expectations. This result provides a new interpretation of the parameters of the nonsymmetric Nash bargaining solution, linking them to behavior in the bargaining process. As an additional contribution, we perform a simulation study to examine the role of confidence and to analyze the outcomes for non-concave utility functions.
Blockchain for SME Clusters: An Ideation using the Framework of Ostrom Commons Governance
Authors: Jain Geetika , Shrivastava Archana , Paul Justin , Batra Ronak 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) organize themselves into clusters by sharing a set of limited resources to achieve the holistic success of the cluster. However, these SMEs often face conflicts and deadlock situations that hinder the fundamental operational dynamics of the cluster due to varied reasons, including lack of trust and transparency in interactions, lack of common consensus, and lack of accountability and non-repudiation. Blockchain technology brings trust, transparency, and traceability to systems, as demonstrated by previous research and practice. In this paper, we explore the role of blockchain technology in building a trustworthy yet collaborative environment in SME clusters through the principles of community self-governance based on the work of Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom. We develop and present a blockchain commons governance framework for the three main dimensions i.e., interaction, autonomy, and control, based on the theoretical premise of equivalence mapping and qualitative analysis. This paper examines the role of blockchain technology to act as a guiding mechanism and support the smooth functioning of SMEs for their holistic good. The study focuses on sustainability and improving productivity of SMEs operating in clusters under public and private partnership. This is the first study to address the operational challenges faced by SEMs in clusters by highlighting the dimensions of blockchain commons governance dimensions.
The Developmental Crisis Questionnaire (DCQ-12): Psychometric Development and Validation
Authors: Petrov Nikolay , Robinson Oliver C. , Arnett Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopmental crisis is a construct that is central to many theories of psychosocial adult development, yet there is currently no validated psychometric measure of adult developmental crisis that can be used across adult age groups. To address this gap in the literature, we developed and validated an age-independent measure of adult developmental crisis for research and applied purposes, entitled the Developmental Crisis Questionnaire (DCQ-12). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted separately on different samples. A three-factor structure emerged as the best fit with the data: (1) Disconnection and Distress; (2) Lack of Clarity and Control and (3) Transition and Turning Point. The DCQ-12 showed predictive validity with measures of self-esteem, locus of control, authentic living, optimism, presence of and search for meaning, turning points and a related crisis measure. Four-week test–retest reliability ranged from 0.78 to 0.89 across subscales. As well as research uses, the DCQ-12 measure has potential application in practice, given that assessment of developmental crisis has relevance to professionals working in clinical and non-clinical roles to support and coach adults through periods of transition.
Rod-packing arrangements of invariant tori in solenoidal vector fields with cubic symmetries
Authors: Nishiyama Takahiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe arrangements of invariant tori that resemble rod packings with cubic symmetries are considered in three-dimensional solenoidal vector fields. To find them systematically, vector fields whose components are represented in the form of multiple Fourier series with finite terms are classified using magnetic groups. The maximal magnetic group compatible with each arrangement is specified on the assumption that the cores of the nested invariant tori are straight and located on the lines corresponding to the central axes of the rods packed. Desired rod-packing arrangements are demonstrated by selecting vector fields whose magnetic groups are the maximal ones and by drawing their integral curves that twine around invariant tori. In the demonstration of chiral arrangements, Beltrami flows (or force-free fields in plasma physics), which have the strongest chirality of all solenoidal vector fields satisfying the same vector Helmholtz equation, are used. As by-products, several chain-like arrangements of closed invariant tori were found. One of the chains consists of knotted invariant tori. In all vector fields (chiral or achiral) selected for the demonstration, the volume percentages of ordered regions formed by invariant tori in a unit cell were roughly measured with the aid of a supervised machine learning technique.
The Dropsy of Popes (1555–1978): A Bad Prognostic Sign Foreboding of Death
Authors: De Santo Natale Gaspare , Bisaccia Carmela , De Santo Luca Salvatore 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the historical background of edema as a prognostic sign in popes, a special category of medical subjects whose health status was closely monitored and chronicled because of their unique important status in the events of their times. Nine out of 51 popes, who reigned in the years 1555–1978, died edematous at a mean age of 75.5 years of age. The cause of edema was: heart failure for John Paul I, liver disease, obstructive nephropathy associated with anemia for Paul IV, who also suffered from deep vein thrombosis, and malnutrition for Innocent XIII. Chronic kidney disease due to renal stones of gouty origin caused edema in Clement VIII, Clement X, Clement XI, and Benedict XIV. Obstructive nephropathy due to renal stones of non-gouty origin caused edema in Clement XIII, whereas toxic nephropathy due to the use of mercurials caused edema in Clement XIV. Innocent XI, Benedict XIV, and Clement XIV were bled before death because of impending pulmonary edema. It is not surprising that chronic kidney disease was a significant cause of edema in popes with chronic kidney disease which is associated with impaired sodium excretion. The edema was likely aggravated by the excessive dietary salt intake of the period when the importance of sodium chloride restriction was still not discovered and effective diuretic agents were not available.
Use of Parental Disability Trajectories to Identify Adolescents Who are Young Carers
Authors: King Tania L. , Shields Marissa , O’Flaherty Martin , Kavanagh Anne , Spittal Matthew J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBeing a young carer can have significant impacts on the lives of children and adolescents. Identifying young carers is difficult, making the provision of support challenging for service providers. This sample contained 4464 Australian children/adolescents across 11 years (49% female, aged 6/7 years at baseline, and 16/17 years at final wave). Group-based trajectory modeling was applied to examine parental disability trajectories across 5 waves of data collection. Associations between estimated trajectories and unpaid/informal caring at age 16/17 years were then assessed. Three trajectory groups were identified: consistently-low (80%), low-increasing-high (10%) and moderate-high (10%) levels of parental disability. There was strong evidence that caring was elevated in the low-increasing-high group compared to the consistently-low group, and moderate evidence of elevation in the moderate-high group. By identifying adolescents with increased odds of becoming young carers, this study shows that parental disability may be an important way for service providers to identify and support young carers.
Performance review of locking alleviation methods for continuum ANCF beam elements
Authors: Obrezkov Leonid P. , Mikkola Aki , Matikainen Marko K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is a nonlinear finite element approach proposed for the large deformation dynamics analysis of beam- and plate/shell-type structures. In the ANCF approach, elastic forces can be defined using three-dimensional elasticity-based continuum mechanics. This approach is often straightforward, and it makes it possible to use advanced material models in the ANCF framework. However, it has been pointed out in several studies that continuum ANCF-based elements with a full three-dimensional elasticity description can suffer from locking phenomena. In this study, a comparison between various combinations of locking alleviation techniques and their applicability to different ANCF beam variants is studied using numerical examples. Furthermore, the enhanced deformation gradient (EDG) technique, which has been proposed recently in finite element literature, is demonstrated for high-order ANCF beam elements. Based on the numerical tests, none of the currently available techniques are suitable for all types of ANCF elements. The paper also shows that the efficiency and accuracy of the techniques are case-dependent. For the ANCF beam element involving higher-order terms with respect to trapezoidal mode, however, the EDG-based techniques are preferable to reduce locking phenomena.
Nitrate-uptake restraint in Banksia spp. (Proteaceae) and Melaleuca spp. (Myrtaceae) from a severely phosphorus-impoverished environment
Authors: Liu Shu Tong , Ranathunge Kosala , Lambers Hans , Finnegan Patrick M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
South-western Australia has some of the most phosphorus (P)-impoverished soils in the world. Hakea prostrata (Proteaceae) has nitrate (NO3−)-uptake restraint, associated with its high P-use efficiency. This research explores how common this trait is in other Proteaceae and in co-occurring plant species in south-western Australia.

Methods
Banksia attenuata (Proteaceae), B. telmatiaea (Proteaceae), Melaleuca seriata (Myrtaceae) and M. rhaphiophylla (Myrtaceae) were grown with no NO3−, Medium (500 µM) NO3− or High (2500 µM) NO3− treatments with no other source of nitrogen (N). Plants were harvested after treatments. Leaf nitrate and phosphate concentrations were determined, as well as biomass, total N and total P concentrations of leaves, stems and roots separately.

Results
Banksia attenuata, B. telmatiaea and M. seriata had similar total N content when supplied with High NO3− as they did when supplied with Medium NO3−. All four species had the same low leaf NO3−-N concentration in High and Medium NO3− treatments, no more than 6% of leaf total N. All species had similar leaf NO3− concentrations as those of plants growing in their natural habitat where the available soil nitrate concentration was much lower. These results are in sharp contrast with plants that are typically studied, for example Arabidopsis thaliana.

Conclusions
All four species exhibited NO3−-uptake restraint to different degrees. Nitrate-uptake restraint appears a convergent trait common to many species that evolved in severely P-impoverished landscapes, allowing them to be more P-efficient.
RESET-APP: ein App-basiertes Angebot zur Selbstregulation für Schüler*innen der Sekundarstufe I – Akzeptanz und Nutzungsverhalten
Authors: Bundscherer-Meierhofer Katharina , Rauch Margarete , Loew Thomas H. , Leinberger Beate 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) hat immense Auswirkungen auf die psychische Gesundheit. Kinder und Jugendliche gelten hierbei als besonders vulnerabel. Deshalb sind gerade für sie Angebote zur Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention wichtig. Gesundheitsförderung sollte motivierend gestaltet werden, um für diese Altersgruppe attraktiv zu sein. Ziel dieser Arbeit war zu untersuchen, ob Jugendliche mithilfe von innovativen digitalen Formaten erreicht werden können.

Methodik
Es wurde ein App-basiertes Training zur Förderung der Selbstregulation für die Sekundarstufe I konzipiert und Jugendlichen der Sekundarstufe I im Herbst 2020 angeboten. Hier wurde u. a. die Art der Motivation zur Teilnahme am Training abgefragt. Zudem konnten die Schüler*innen die Attraktivität des Trainings abschließend bewerten.

Ergebnis
Von den registrierten Schüler*innen (n = 91) absolvierten 39,56 % das komplette Training. 40,91 % der Schüler*innen, die das Training vollständig absolviert haben, gaben an, dass das Training „sehr“ hilfreich war, 36,36 % bewerteten es als „ziemlich“ hilfreich. 50 % der Befragten fand das App-basierte Training „modern und motivierend“, die andere Hälfte hätte sich jedoch mehr persönliche Betreuung gewünscht.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse decken sich mit den Ergebnissen bereits veröffentlichter Studien: Heranwachsende sind zwar prinzipiell offen für digitale Formate, jene werden aber kaum verbindlich und kontinuierlich genutzt.
Data Quality of Digital Process Data
Authors: Schmitz Andreas , Riebling Jan R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDigital process data are becoming increasingly important for social science research, but their quality has been gravely neglected so far. In this article, we adopt a process perspective and argue that data extracted from socio-technical systems are, in principle, subject to the same error-inducing mechanisms as traditional forms of social science data, namely biases that arise before their acquisition (observational design), during their acquisition (data generation), and after their acquisition (data processing). As the lack of access and insight into the actual processes of data production renders key traditional mechanisms of quality assurance largely impossible, it is essential to identify data quality problems in the data available—that is, to focus on the possibilities post-hoc quality assessment offers to us. We advance a post-hoc strategy of data quality assurance, integrating simulation and explorative identification techniques. As a use case, we illustrate this approach with the example of bot activity and the effects this phenomenon can have on digital process data. First, we employ agent-based modelling to simulate datasets containing these data problems. Subsequently, we demonstrate the possibilities and challenges of post-hoc control by mobilizing geometric data analysis, an exemplary technique for identifying data quality issues.