bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Estimation of Patient’s Size Using Autowed Tool and Indosect Program: A Dosimetric Study for Paediatric Head CT Examinations
Authors: Saeed Mohammed K , Alshamrani Hassan A , Sulieman Abdelmoneim , Abdullah Youssef M , Yousef Mohamed , Ali Ali S A M , Alshamrani Khalaf A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSize-specific dose estimate (SSDE), which can be calculated by measuring the effective diameter (De) or water equivalent diameter (Dw) of the patient, is one of the recent approaches for verifying the individual doses during computer tomography (CT) examinations. This work aimed to compare the Dw estimated by the AutoWED tool and IndoseCT software and to investigate CT axial (ARH) and paediatric head (PH) protocols used in southern Saudi Arabia to calculate the dose received by paediatric patients using metrics of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and SSDE. The distribution between the ARH and PH protocols was 57.8 and 42.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in Dw values between the AutoWED tool and the IndoseCT program (0.13%). Including CT table or other objects during estimation of Dw can lead to variation up to 11.4%. The impact of selecting IndoseCT options to identify the border of the patient may be part of the explanation for these variations. A strong linear relationship was obtained between De and Dw in paediatric head size (R2 = 0.96). Using IndoseCT, for 0–1.5, 1.5–5 and 5.0–18 age groups (years), the Dw was found to be 13.2, 15.3 and 16.8 cm, respectively. The SSDE for the PH protocol was substantially lower than that of the ARH protocol. As a result, education of the individuals engaging in paediatric CT examinations is necessary for dose optimization.
Contrasting Frontoparietal Network Connectivity in Antipsychotic Medication-Naive First-Episode Psychosis Patients Who Do and Do Not Display Features of the Deficit Syndrome
Authors: King Victoria L , Lahti Adrienne C , Maximo Jose O , ver Hoef Lawrence W , John Sooraj , Kraguljac Nina V 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The deficit syndrome is a clinical subtype of schizophrenia that is characterized by enduring negative symptoms. Several lines of evidence point to frontoparietal involvement, but the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and its subsystems (FPCNA and FPCNB) proposed by Yeo et al. have not been systematically characterized at rest in patients with the deficit syndrome.

Methods
We used resting-state fMRI to investigate the FPCN and its subnetworks in 72 healthy controls and 65 antipsychotic medication-naive, first-episode psychosis patients (22 displayed deficit syndrome features, 43 did not). To assess whole-brain FPCN connectivity, we used the right posterior parietal cortex as the seed region. We then performed region of interest analyses in FPCN subsystems.

Results
We found that patterns of FPCN dysconnectivity to the whole brain differed in patients who displayed deficit syndrome features compared with those who did not. Examining the FPCN on a more granular level revealed reduced within-FPCN(A) connectivity only in patients displaying deficit features. FPCNB connectivity did not differ between patient groups.

Discussion
Here, we describe a neurobiological signature of aberrant FPCN connectivity in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode patients who display clinical features of the deficit syndrome. Importantly, frontoparietal subnetwork connectivity differentiated subgroups, where the FPCNA is selectively involved in patients with deficit features. Our findings add to the growing body of literature supporting a neurobiological distinction between two clinical subtypes of schizophrenia, which has the potential to be leveraged for patient stratification in clinical trials and the development of novel treatments.
Frontal grey matter microstructure is associated with sleep slow waves characteristics in late midlife
Authors: Chylinski Daphne , Narbutas Justinas , Balteau Evelyne , Collette Fabienne , Bastin Christine , Berthomier Christian , Salmon Eric , Maquet Pierre , Carrier Julie , Phillips Christophe , Lina Jean-Marc , Vandewalle Gilles , Van Egroo Maxime 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
The ability to generate slow waves (SW) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep decreases as early as the 5th decade of life, predominantly over frontal regions. This decrease may concern prominently SW characterized by a fast switch from hyperpolarized to depolarized, or down-to-up, state. Yet, the relationship between these fast and slow switcher SW and cerebral microstructure in ageing is not established.

Methods
We recorded habitual sleep under EEG in 99 healthy late midlife individuals (mean age = 59.3 ± 5.3 years; 68 women) and extracted SW parameters (density, amplitude, frequency) for all SW as well as according to their switcher type (slow vs. fast). We further used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to assess microstructural integrity over a frontal grey matter region of interest (ROI).

Results
In statistical models adjusted for age, sex, and sleep duration, we found that a lower SW density, particularly for fast switcher SW, was associated with a reduced orientation dispersion of neurites in the frontal ROI (p = 0.018, R2β* = 0.06). In addition, overall SW frequency was positively associated with neurite density (p = 0.03, R2β* = 0.05). By contrast, we found no significant relationships between SW amplitude and NODDI metrics.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the complexity of neurite organization contributes specifically to the rate of fast switcher SW occurrence in healthy middle-aged individuals, corroborating slow and fast switcher SW as distinct types of SW. They further suggest that the density of frontal neurites plays a key role for neural synchronization during sleep.

Trial registration number
EudraCT 2016-001436-35.
The Social Construction of Cannabis in Social Work
Authors: Lavie-Ajayi Maya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe social construction of cannabis has important implications for policy, research, practice, and education in social work. The objective of this article is to chart the construction of cannabis in articles published in social work journals across the past half century. The author critically reviews empirical articles with references to cannabis published in 15 key social work journals between 1970 and 2018. Systematic searches resulted in a combined set of 510 articles, of which 244 matched the inclusion criteria for this study. A content and thematic analysis of the corpus identified the dominant construction of cannabis in social work research literature as a harmful substance undifferentiated from other drugs. This construction was challenged by a minority of the articles in three ways: (1) by differentiating between use and abuse and between cannabis as a soft drug and a hard drug; (2) by highlighting social inequality as an important component of any consideration of social work policy and practice with regard to cannabis use; and (3) by considering the possible positive effects of cannabis use. This article calls for a revision of the construction of cannabis use in social work.
Anti-Asian Hatred and Japanese Parents’ Support of Their Children’s Acculturation to the United States
Authors: Kayama Misa , Haight Wendy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This ethnographic study explores how Japanese immigrant and temporary resident parents support their children’s acculturation to U.S. society. Anti-Asian hatred is a neglected social justice issue with a long history extending to hate crimes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet the U.S. population includes an increasing number of Asian immigrants. Some of them, such as recent Japanese immigrants and temporary residents, are from majority groups in their countries of origin, and do not have cultural socialization practices to protect their children from racism and xenophobia. This article focuses on in-depth, individual interviews with 14 Japanese immigrant and temporary resident parents of children attending U.S. local schools. Parents described their cultural socialization as centering on developing a Japanese cultural self, for example, through participation in a Japanese supplementary school. Parents also reported experiences of anti-Asian racism and xenophobia, including social exclusion. However, they typically did not describe preparing children directly for responding to and coping with anti-Asian bias. Rather, they and their children took responsibility for bias directed against them, and avoided drawing attention to their differences. Authors discuss implications for how social workers can recognize distress in Japanese children and effectively support them and others experiencing similar acculturation challenges.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Plus for Youth in Out-of-Home Care: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Cosgrove John A , Lee Bethany R , Greeno Elizabeth J , Horen Maria Jose 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Plus (CBT+) has emerged as a promising intervention to address the myriad emotional and behavioral health needs of youth in the child welfare system. Existing CBT+ research has shown reductions in target clinical symptoms, but child welfare placement outcomes have not yet been assessed. The current study tested the effects of CBT+ on placement stability and psychiatric inpatient treatment use among youth in out-of-home care at one countywide CBT+ site. This study used a quasi-experimental design that compared three inverse probability-weighted groups: (1) 40 youth who received CBT+, (2) 38 youth referred for CBT+ but not served, and (3) 90 youth screened in as clinically eligible for CBT+ but not referred because they were receiving other services. Difference-in-differences estimates found that CBT+ significantly improved placement stability. Further, youth served by CBT+ had a greater reduction in psychiatric inpatient treatment use than those referred but not served, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence for CBT+ effects on placement outcomes for youth in out-of-home care, contributing to the growing evidence for CBT+ as a promising intervention for child welfare–involved youth. Methodological limitations and considerations for further investigation are discussed.
Social Workers’ Attitudes toward Evidence-Based Practice: The Mediating Role of Work-Related Self-Efficacy
Authors: Kagan Maya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to explore the mediating role of work-related self-efficacy in the association between organizational context variables (workplace social support, accessibility of work-related data and information resources, and role ambiguity) and social workerss’ attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP). For the purpose of the study, 559 social workers were sampled by means of structured questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the proposed model. Accessibility of data and information resources and workplace social support were positively associated with self-efficacy, and role ambiguity was negatively associated with self-efficacy, which was in turn positively related to social workerss’ attitudes toward EBP. The findings of the current study may assist policymakers and professional supervisors in developing interventions designed to promote more positive attitudes toward EBP among social workers. In the effort to promote the integration of EBP in social services settings, the impact of organizational factors on social workerss’ work-related self-efficacy should be taken into account.
Validation of maternal and terminal sheep breeding objectives using Irish field data
Authors: McHugh Noirin , McDermott Kevin , Bohan Alan , Farrell Lydia J , Herron Jonathan , Pabiou Thierry 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Genetic evaluations provide producers with a tool to aid in breeding decisions and highlight the increase in performance achievable at the farm level through genetic gain. Despite this, large-scale validation of sheep breeding objectives using field data is lacking in the scientific literature. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phenotypic differences for a range of economically important traits for animals divergent in genetic merit for the Irish national maternal and terminal sheep breeding objectives. A dataset of 17,356 crossbred ewes and 54,322 progeny differing in their maternal and terminal breeding index recorded in 139 commercial flocks was available. The association of the maternal index of the ewe or terminal index of the ram and a range of phenotypic performance traits, including lambing, lamb performance, ewe performance, and health traits, were undertaken. Ewes excelling on the maternal index had higher litter sizes and produced progeny with greater perinatal lamb survival, heavier live weights from birth to postweaning and reduced days to slaughter (P &lt; 0.05). Ewe maternal index had no quantifiable impact on lambing ease, carcass conformation, or fat, the health status of the ewe or lamb, ewe barren rate, or ewe live weight. Lambs born to rams of superior terminal index produced heavier lambs from preweaning onwards, with a reduced day to slaughter (P &lt; 0.05). Lambing traits, lamb health, and carcass characteristics of the progeny did not differ between sires stratified as low or high on the terminal index (P &gt; 0.05). Results from this study highlight that selecting either ewes or rams of superior maternal or terminal attributes will result in an improvement on pertinent performance traits of the national sheep flock, resulting in greater flock productivity and profitability.
Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of stem methane flux from two poplar forests with different soil textures
Authors: Han Menghua , Feng Huili , Peng Changhui , Lei Xiangdong , Xue Jianhui , Malghani Saadatullah , Ma Xuehong , Song Xinzhang , Wang Weifeng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In forest ecosystems, the majority of methane (CH4) research focuses on soils, whereas tree stem CH4 flux and driving factors remain poorly understood. We measured the in situ stem CH4 flux using the static chamber–gas chromatography method at different heights in two poplar (Populus spp.) forests with separate soil textures. We evaluated the relationship between stem CH4 fluxes and environmental factors with linear mixed models and estimated the tree CH4 emission rate at the stand level. Our results showed that poplar stems were a net source of atmospheric CH4. The mean stem CH4 emission rates were 97.51 ± 6.21 μg·m−2·h−1 in Sihong and 67.04 ± 5.64 μg·m−2·h−1 in Dongtai. The stem CH4 emission rate in Sihong with clay loam soils was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) than that in Dongtai with sandy loam soils. The stem CH4 emission rate also showed a seasonal variation, minimum in winter and maximum in summer. The stem CH4 emission rate generally decreased with increasing sampling height. Although the differences in CH4 emission rates between stem heights were significant in the annual averages, these differences were driven by differences observed in the summer. Stem CH4 emission rates were significantly and positively correlated with air temperature (P &lt; 0.001), relative humidity (P &lt; 0.001), soil water content (P &lt; 0.001) and soil CH4 flux (P &lt; 0.001). At these sites, the soil emitted CH4 to the atmosphere in summer (mainly from June to September) but absorbed CH4 from the atmosphere during the other season. At the stand level, tree CH4 emissions accounted for 2–35.4% of soil CH4 uptake. Overall, tree stem CH4 efflux could be an important component of the forest CH4 budget. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more in situ monitoring of stem CH4 flux to accurately estimate the CH4 budget in the future.
Leaf and tree water-use efficiencies of Populus deltoides × P. nigra in mixed forest and agroforestry plantations
Authors: Thomas Anaïs , Marron Nicolas , Bonal Damien , Piutti Séverine , Dallé Erwin , Priault Pierrick 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a global context where water will become a scarce resource under temperate latitudes, managing tree plantations with species associations, i.e., forest mixture or agroforestry, could play a major role in optimizing the sustainable use of this resource. Conceptual frameworks in community ecology suggest that, in mixed plantations, environmental resources such as water may be more efficiently used for carbon acquisition and tree growth thanks to niche complementarity among species. To test the hypotheses behind these conceptual frameworks, we estimated water-use efficiency (WUE) for poplar trees grown in a monoculture, in association with alder trees (forest mixture) and in association with clover leys (agroforestry) in an experimental plantation located in northeastern France. Water-use efficiency was estimated (i) at leaf level through gas exchange measurements and analysis of carbon isotope composition, (ii) at wood level through carbon isotope composition and (iii) at tree level with sap flow sensors and growth increment data. We hypothesized that species interactions would increase WUE of poplars in mixtures due to a reduction in competition and/or facilitation effects due to the presence of the N2-fixing species in mixtures. Poplar trees in both mixture types showed higher WUE than those in the monoculture. The differences we found in WUE between the monoculture and the agroforestry treatment were associated to differences in stomatal conductance and light-saturated net CO2 assimilation rate (at the leaf level) and transpiration (at the tree level), while the differences between the monoculture and the forest mixture were more likely due to differences in stomatal conductance at the leaf level and both transpiration and biomass accumulation at the tree level. Moreover, the more WUE was integrated in time (instantaneous gas exchanges &lt; leaf life span &lt; seasonal wood core &lt; whole tree), the more the differences among treatments were marked.
IVChaucer
Authors: Menmuir Rebecca , Buchanan Peter , Brookes Lucy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter has four sections: 1. General; 2. The Canterbury Tales; 3. Other Works; 4. Reception and Reputation. Section 1 is by Rebecca Menmuir; section 2 is by Lucy Brookes and Peter Buchanan; section 3 is by Peter Buchanan; section 4 is by Rebecca Menmuir.
Revised phylogeny from complete mitochondrial genomes of phyllostomid bats resolves subfamilial classification
Authors: Camacho M Alejandra , Cadar Dániel , Horváth Balázs , Merino-Viteri Andrés , Murienne Jérôme 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Classically, molecular phylogenetic trees of Phyllostomidae have been inferred using a combination of a few mitochondrial and nuclear markers. However, there is still uncertainty in the relationships, especially among deep clades within the family. In this study, we provide newly sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes from 26 bat species, including genomes of 23 species reported here for the first time. By carefully analysing these genomes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods and different ingroup and outgroup samples, partition schemes and data types, we investigated the robustness and sensitivity of our phylogenetic results. The optimal topologies were those inferred from the complete data matrix of nucleotides, with complex and highly parameterized substitution models and partition schemes. Our results show a statistically robust picture of the evolutionary relationships between phyllostomid subfamilies and clarify hitherto uncertain relationships of Lonchorhininae and Macrotinae.
Role of circulating long non-coding RNA for the improvement of the predictive ability of the CHA2DS2–VASc score in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Yuanbo , Wang Duan , Wu Na , Chen Xinghua , Yuan Zhiquan , Jia Xiaoyue , Li Chengying , Hu Qin , Chen Yanxiu , Zhang Zhihui , Zhong Li , Li Yafei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background:
The CHA2DS2–VASc score was initially applied to stratify stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and was found to be effective in predicting all-cause mortality outcomes. To date, it is still unclear whether circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as emerging biomarkers, can improve the predictive power of the CHA2DS2–VASc score in stroke and all-cause mortality.

Methods:
Candidate lncRNAs were screened by searching the literature and analyzing previous RNA sequencing results. After preliminary verification in 29 patients with AF, the final selected lncRNAs were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression in 192 patients to determine whether their relative expression levels were associated with stroke and all-cause mortality. The c-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement of the patients were calculated to evaluate the discrimination and reclassification power for stroke and all-cause mortality when adding lncRNA expression levels to the CHA2DS2–VASc score model.

Results:
Five plasma lncRNAs associated with stroke and all-cause mortality in AF patients were selected in our screening process. Patients with elevated H19 levels were found to have a higher risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 3.264, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.364–7.813, P = 0.008). Adding the H19 expression level to the CHA2DS2–VASc score significantly improved the discrimination and reclassification power of the CHA2DS2–VASc score for stroke in AF patients. In addition, the H19 level showed a marginally significant association with all-cause mortality (HR 2.263, 95% CI: 0.889–5.760, P = 0.087), although it appeared to have no significant improvement for the CHA2DS2–VASc model for predicting all-cause mortality.

Conclusions:
Plasma expression of H19 was associated with stroke risk in AF patients and improved the discriminatory power of the CHA2DS2–VASc score. Therefore, lncRNA H19 served as an emerging non-invasive biomarker for stroke risk prediction in patients with AF.
Towards De-Implementation of low-value thyroid care in older adults
Authors: Perkins Jennifer M. , Papaleontiou Maria 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
This review discusses the current literature regarding low-value thyroid care in older adults, summarizing recent findings pertaining to screening for thyroid dysfunction and management of hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules and low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer.

Recent findings
Despite a shift to a “less is more” paradigm for clinical thyroid care in older adults in recent years, current studies demonstrate that low-value care practices are still prevalent. Ineffective and potentially harmful services, such as routine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism which can lead to overtreatment with thyroid hormone, inappropriate use of thyroid ultrasound, blanket fine needle aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules, and more aggressive approaches to low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers, have been shown to contribute to adverse effects, particularly in comorbid older adults.

Summary
Low-value thyroid care is common in older adults and can trigger a cascade of overdiagnosis and overtreatment leading to patient harm and increased healthcare costs, highlighting the urgent need for de-implementation efforts.