bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lost in Transitions? Feudalism, Colonialism, and Egypt's Blocked Road to Capitalism (1800–1920)
Authors: Versieren Jelle , De Smet Brecht 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe revisit the transition debate to capitalism through the historical case of nineteenth century Egypt and the theoretical lens of uneven and combined development. We argue that the twin concepts of formal and real subsumption of labor under capital offer a necessary methodological device to study capitalist transitions. We conclude that nineteenth century Egypt was not a society experiencing an ‘indigenous’ transition to capitalism that was blocked by colonial intervention. Instead, colonialism warped the ongoing formation of a commercial‐absolutist state, which led to a combination of feudal and capitalist social forms that lingered well into the middle of the twentieth century. Through a long‐term historical analysis of the Egyptian social formation as a complex ensemble of political power relations and ongoing cycles of articulations of multiple mode of productions we problematize the dominant ‘modernization’ thesis. The modernization paradigm presupposes that economic growth will take place due to globalized markets, transforming, in turn, existing social and political practices and institutions along modern lines. This idea has been reiterated by neoclassical and neo‐institutionalist economists who understand economic backwardness as a simple lack of market‐efficient behavior of local economic agents. As such, we also emphasize that the gradual integration of the Egyptian social formation into the capitalist world market did not automatically lead to the establishment of a dominant capitalist mode of production within this formation.
Trends in Teaching Sexual and Reproductive Health Skills in US Secondary Schools in 35 States, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Young Emily , Demissie Zewditu , Brener Nancy D. , Benes Sarah , Szucs Leigh E. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDLittle is known about trends in implementing skills‐based instruction in US schools, specifically for sexual and reproductive health (SRH). We examined state‐level trends in the percentage of US secondary schools teaching SRH skills in a required course in grades 6 to 8 and 9 to 12.METHODSRepresentative data from 35 states participating across 6 cycles of School Health Profiles (2008‐2018) was analyzed. The prevalence of teaching four SRH skills was assessed through lead health education teacher self‐administered questionnaires. Logistic regression models examined linear trends in the percentages of schools teaching SRH skills in grades 6 to 8 and 9 to 12. Trends were calculated for states with weighted data (response rates ≥70%) for at least 3 cycles, including 2018.RESULTSDuring 2008 to 2018, the median percentage of schools addressing each SRH skill ranged from 63.5% to 69.7% (grades 6‐8) and 88.2% to 92.0% (grades 9‐12). Linear decreases in SRH skills instruction were more common for grades 6 to 8 than grades 9 to 12; linear increases were comparable for both groups. Most states demonstrated no change in the percentage of schools teaching SRH skills in grades 6 to 8 and 9 to 12.CONCLUSIONSLimited changes and decreases in SRH skills instruction in US secondary schools suggest efforts to strengthen SRH education are needed.
Postoperative outcome of ambulatory dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion causing incontinence and/or tail dysfunction: 18 cases (2010‐2020)
Authors: Pfund R. , Forward A. K. , Fentem R. , Nagendran A. , Fraser A. R. , Crawford A. H. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the recovery of urinary continence, faecal continence and tail function in ambulatory dogs with caudal lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion and to explore clinical factors that may be associated with recovery.Materials and MethodsMedical records from January 2010 to December 2020 were searched to identify ambulatory dogs undergoing surgical treatment for a caudal lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion causing urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence and/or tail dysfunction. Signalment, history, presenting clinical signs, neurological examination findings, diagnostic test results, treatment and outcome were recorded for all dogs.ResultsEighteen dogs with caudal lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion causing tail dysfunction, urinary and/or faecal incontinence were included. Urinary continence was recovered in 12 (86%) of 14 affected dogs, faecal continence recovered in nine (90%) of 10 affected dogs and tail function recovered in 13 (87%) of 15 affected dogs. Loss of tail nociception was recorded in three dogs on presentation; two made a full recovery and one showed mild persistent tail paresis.Clinical SignificanceThe prognosis for functional recovery of urinary continence, faecal continence and tail function in ambulatory dogs with caudal lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion following surgical treatment is good. Larger studies are needed to identify prognostic factors associated with failure of recovery.
Understory dynamics in North Carolina longleaf pine savannas: Biodiversity, dominance, and biomass
Authors: Young Alyssa L. , Koerner Sally E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuestionsRestoration of ecosystems is complex, with multiple targets that can work in concert or conflict with each other, such as biodiversity, species dominance and biomass. When properly managed, longleaf pine (LLP) savannas are among the most biologically diverse habitats in the world. However, anthropogenic influences, such as fire suppression, have decimated this ecosystem and its biodiversity, making restoration a priority. Here, we describe the biodiversity and community dynamics seen in the understory layer across xeric LLP savannas in North Carolina and then answer the following questions: What are the predictors of (1) biodiversity, (2) dominance and (3) biomass at multiple spatial scales?LocationFifteen observational study sites in North Carolina spanning from the Sandhills to the Coastal Plain.MethodsAt each of the 15 sites, 25 sampling plots were established where above‐ground herbaceous biomass, species presence and abundance, soil characteristics and light availability were measured along with numerous other environmental variables.ResultsConsiderable variation exists across study plots within and across sites, with plant species richness ranging from 1 to 17 per m2. The relative cover of the dominant grass species,Aristida stricta(wiregrass), also varied greatly within and across sites, with a median of ca. 30% relative cover per plot. Wiregrass was a significant predictor of biomass and biodiversity at small scales. With increasing wiregrass abundance, richness decreases, with 25% relative wiregrass cover leading to the highest levels of biodiversity. Likewise, because wiregrass abundance is one of the stronger predictors of above‐ground biomass, we also found a unimodal richness–biomass relationship.ConclusionsOur results indicate that at lower ends of the productivity and richness gradients, land managers can increase all three restoration targets in the understory at the same time; however, at more diverse and productive sites, restoration practitioners may need to prioritize one target or find a balance between all three.
In vitro activity of honey, total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides and matrine alone and in combination with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
Authors: Pourahmad Jaktaji R. , Koochaki S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNatural products, including honey, total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides (TASA) and matrine have been used in combination with antibiotics against various pathogenic bacteria. However, there are limited data on the antibacterial activity of these natural products in combination against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The in vitro activity of honey, TASA and matrine alone and in combination with antibiotics against P. aeruginosa isolates was investigated. In this study, four biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolates, which were resistant to multiple antibiotics, were used. These natural products were not the most effective single agent against four isolates. The fractional inhibitory concentration index method revealed the synergistic effect of matrine and TASA-honey in combination with ciprofloxacin (Cip) against all tested isolates. When these combinations were used, the resistance of isolates to Cip was decreased significantly (six to eightfold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration of Cip. The disk diffusion method showed that all isolates were resistant to β-lactams. Combinations of these antibiotics with TASA and matrine changed slightly the activity of either antibiotic used as a single agent. All isolates produced metallo-β-lactamase enzymes (MBL). Pretreatment isolates with Cip-matrine and Cip-TASA-honey resulted in a statistically downregulated expression of the mexA gene. These natural products can be used against overactivating MexAB-OprM but not MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates.
Live‐cell imaging elaborating epidermal invasion and vascular proliferation/colonization strategy of Verticillium dahliae in host plants
Authors: Tian Juan , Kong Zhaosheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe soilborne ascomycete fungus Verticillium dahliae causes destructive vascular wilt disease in hundreds of dicotyledonous plant species. However, our understanding of the early invasion from the epidermis to the vasculature and the prompt proliferation and colonization in the xylem tissues remains poor. To elaborate the detailed infection strategy of V. dahliae in host plants, we traced the whole infection process of V. dahliae by live‐cell imaging combined with high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy. The 4D image series demonstrated that the apex of invading hyphae becomes tapered and directly invades the intercellular space of root epidermal cells at the initial infection. Following successful epidermal invasion, the invading hyphae extend in the intercellular space of the root cortex toward the vascular tissues. Importantly, the high‐resolution microscopic and live‐cell images demonstrated (a) that conidia are formed via budding at the apex of the hyphae in the xylem vessels to promote systemic propagation vertically, and (b) that the hyphae freely cross adjacent xylem vessels through the intertracheary pits to achieve horizontal colonization. Our findings provide a solid cellular basis for future studies on both intracellular invasion and vascular colonization/proliferation during V. dahliae infection and pathogenesis in host plants.
The strategies of counter‐secession: How states prevent independence
Authors: Krause Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe majority of states in the world today were created via secession, but a majority of secessionist movements have failed to gain independence. Counter‐secession is not only more successful than secession; it is also more common. There are over 300 nations today that lack sovereign states, as well as untold thousands more groups whose identities never became nationalist or who were never able to create robust movements in the first place. Nonetheless, counter‐secession is comparatively understudied, and a small but growing number of excellent analyses often focus on a single state strategy. Independence is rarely won quickly or cheaply, as existing states fight to maintain their borders across four phases of secession: identity formation, group mobilisation, (un)armed struggle and international recognition. This article presents the repertoire of states' counter‐secession strategies throughout the secessionist struggle, including cultural assimilation, administrative organisation, civilian displacement, banning secessionist political activity, fragmenting the secessionist movement, economic coercion, violent repression and blocking international recognition. This collective analysis of the causal logic and illustrative historical examples of state counter‐secession strategies lays the foundation for a more comprehensive research programme on counter‐secession across time and space.
What makes us human? Exploring the significance of ricoeur's ethical configuration of personhood between naturalism and phenomenology in health care
Authors: Kristensson Uggla Bengt 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to elaborate on how a distinct concept of the person can be implemented within person‐centred care as an ethical configuration of personhood in the tension between the two predominant cultures of knowledge within health care: naturalism and phenomenology. Starting from Paul Ricoeur's ‘personalism of the first, second, and third person’ and his ‘broken’ ontology, open‐ended, incomplete, and imperfect mediations, placed at the precise juncture where reality is divided up into two separate cultures of knowledge, is identified as crucial for what makes us human. Within this context, Ricoeur's distinct ethical configuration of personhood is based on the homology between the linguistic, practical, narrative, and moral determinations of selfhood—articulated as a hermeneutics of the self, without any methodological break. Person‐centred care is thus recognized as an profound ethical approach to health care based on mediations of ‘horizontal’ (teleological) and ‘vertical’ (deontological) readings of an ethical configuration of personhood by the use of practical wisdom.
The politics of water governance in Central Otago, New Zealand: Struggling with a nineteenth century legacy
Authors: Watson Niall , Perkins Harvey C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractToday, in Central Otago, New Zealand, with competing claims for water beyond irrigation, farmers and water conservation interests are at loggerheads, and freshwater management has become a site of intense debate, competition and political action. We comment on the polarised politics of water governance in Central Otago, writing from the perspective of fish and gamebird management. Our commentary is allied to an interpretation of freshwater allocation for irrigation in New Zealand, which emphasises the emergence and dominance of a singular ‘more water’ discourse in rural development in the 2000s.
Risk factors for head and neck cancer in more and less developed countries: Analysis from the INHANCE consortium
Authors: Goyal Neerav , Hennessy Max , Lehman Erik , Lin Wenxue , Agudo Antonio , Ahrens Wolfgang , Boccia Stefania , Brennan Paul , Brenner Hermann , Cadoni Gabriella , Canova Cristina , Chen Chu , Conway David , Curado Maria Paula , Dal Maso Luigino , Daudt Alexander W. , Edefonti Valeria , Fabianova Eleonora , Fernandez Leticia , Franceschi Silvia , Garavello Werner , Gillison Maura , Hayes Richard B. , Healy Claire , Herrero Rolando , Holcatova Ivana , Kanda Jossy L. , Kelsey Karl , Hansen Bo T. , Koifman Rosalina , Lagiou Pagona , La Vecchia Carlo , Levi Fabio , Li Guojun , Lissowska Jolanta , Mendoza López Rossana , Luce Danièle , Macfarlane Gary , Mates Dana , Matsuo Keitaro , McClean Michael , Menezes Ana , Menvielle Gwenn , Morgenstern Hal , Moysich Kirsten , Negri Eva , Olshan Andrew F. , Pandics Tamas , Polesel Jerry , Purdue Mark , Radoi Loredana , Ramroth Heribert , Richiardi Lorenzo , Schantz Stimson , Schwartz Stephen M. , Serraino Diego , Shangina Oxana , Smith Elaine , Sturgis Erich M. , Świątkowska Beata , Thomson Peter , Vaughan Thomas L. , Vilensky Marta , Winn Deborah M. , Wunsch‐Filho Victor , Yu Guo‐Pei , Zevallos Jose P. , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Zheng Tongzhang , Znaor Ariana , Boffetta Paolo , Hashibe Mia , Lee Yuan‐Chin A. , Muscat Joshua E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed the pooled case‐control data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium to compare cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption risk factors for head and neck cancer between less developed and more developed countries.Subjects and MethodsThe location of each study was categorized as either a less developed or more developed country. We compared the risk of overall head and neck cancer and cancer of specific anatomic subsites associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Additionally, age and sex distribution between categories was compared.ResultsThe odds ratios for head and neck cancer sites associated with smoking duration differed between less developed and more developed countries. Smoking greater than 20 years conferred a higher risk for oral cavity and laryngeal cancer in more developed countries, whereas the risk was greater for oropharynx and hypopharynx cancer in less developed countries. Alcohol consumed for more than 20 years conferred a higher risk for oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx cancer in less developed countries. The proportion of cases that were young (<45 years) or female differed by country type for some HNC subsites.ConclusionThese findings suggest the degree of industrialization and economic development affects the relationship between smoking and alcohol with head and neck cancer.
Plant‐based expression and characterization of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐like particles presenting a native spike protein
Authors: Jung Jae‐Wan , Zahmanova Gergana , Minkov Ivan , Lomonossoff George P. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryWe have investigated the use of transient expression to produce virus‐like particles (VLPs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the causative agent of COVID‐19, in Nicotiana benthamiana. Expression of a native form of the spike (S) protein, either alone or in combination with the envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins, all of which were directed to the plant membranes via their native sequences, was assessed. The full‐length S protein, together with degradation products, could be detected in total protein extracts from infiltrated leaves in both cases. Particles with a characteristic ‘crown‐shaped’ or ‘spiky’ structure could be purified by density gradient centrifugation. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays using anti‐S antibodies showed that threefold higher levels of VLPs containing the full‐length S protein were obtained by infiltration with S alone, compared to co‐infiltration of S with M and E. The S protein within the VLPs could be cleaved by furin in vitro and the particles showed reactivity with serum from recovering COVID‐19 patients, but not with human serum taken before the pandemic. These studies show that the native S protein expressed in plants has biological properties similar to those of the parent virus. We show that the approach undertaken is suitable for the production of VLPs from emerging strains and we anticipate that the material will be suitable for functional studies of the S protein, including the assessment of the effects of specific mutations. As the plant‐made material is noninfectious, it does not have to be handled under conditions of high containment.
Intralesional corticosteroid injections to treat lip swelling associated with oral Crohn’s disease in a child
Authors: Zaladonis Carly A. , Safeer Laraib Z. , Smith David , Hafeez Farhaan , Huang Laura , Errickson Carla V. , Krakowski Andrew C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis procedural report details the case of a 10‐year‐old boy with oral Crohn's disease successfully treated with intralesional corticosteroid injections. The intervention used topical anesthesia with a eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5%/prilocaine 2.5% cream followed by intralesional triamcinolone acetonide. This approach safely and effectively reduced patient discomfort while allowing for an acceptable and durable clinical outcome.
Combating team hopelessness: How and why leader interpersonal emotion management matters
Authors: Wang Fenghao (Andrew) , Liu Wu , Ling Chu‐Ding , Fan Pan , Chen Yang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe extant team affect literature is silent on how team hopelessness may impact team functioning and, more importantly, how leaders may help to regulate it. Relying on the Appraisal‐Tendency Framework of emotion, this paper examines the effect of team hopelessness on team performance, as well as its underlying mechanism, collective efficacy. It also explores how leaders’ use of two different interpersonal emotion management (IEM) strategies can moderate this relationship. Across two field studies involving 80 and 170 workplace teams, respectively, we consistently find that team hopelessness negatively impacts team performance through reduced collective efficacy. Moreover, leaders’ use of a problem‐focused IEM strategy weakens the negative relationship between team hopelessness and team performance via collective efficacy, while their use of an emotion‐focused IEM strategy strengthens it. Our research highlights the detrimental effect of team hopelessness on team functioning and the various consequences of different leader IEM strategies.
Clinical and laboratory characterization of patients with localized scleroderma and response to UVA‐1 phototherapy: In vivo and in vitro skin models
Authors: Tognetti Linda , Marrocco Camilla , Carraro Andrea , Guerrini Giuditta , Mariotti GIancarlo , Cinotti Elisa , Rubegni Pietro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeLocalized scleroderma (LS) is a rare disease leading to progressive hardening and induration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. LS is responsive to UVA‐1 phototherapy, though its exact mechanism of action dermal fibrosis is yet to be fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the molecular changes induced by UVA‐1 rays in human primary fibroblasts cultures.MethodsA total of 16 LS patients were treated with medium‐dose UVA‐1 phototherapy. At baseline, during and after therapy, Localized Scleroderma Assessment Tool, Dermatology Life Quality Index and lesions' staging and mapping were performed along with high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) examination for dermal thickness assessment. Gene expression analysis for 23 mRNA transcripts, in vitro UVA‐1 irradiation and viability tests were realized on lesional fibroblasts' primary cultures, before and 3 months after therapy.ResultsThe dermal thickness, the LoSCAT and the DLQI progressively decreased starting from the last phototherapy session up to the 6 and 9 month follow‐ups (−57% and −60%, respectively). Molecular gene analysis (rt‐PCR) revealed that UVA‐1 phototherapy exerts multiple effects: the activation of specific anti‐fibrotic pathways (e.g., overexpression of CTHRC1 and metalloproteases 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 12, suppression of TIMP‐1), the downregulation of peculiar pro‐fibrotic pathways (e.g., downregulation of TGF‐ß, TGF‐ßrII, Grb2, SMAD 2/3, TNRSF12A, CTGF) through a significant overexpression of IL‐1ß; the stabilization of collagen synthesis acting on genes COL1A1, COL3A1, COL8A1, COL10A1, COL12A1.ConclusionUVA‐1 phototherapy adds significant benefits in local tissue remodeling, rebalancing the alteration between pro‐fibrotic and anti‐fibrotic pathways; these changes can be well monitored by HFUS.