bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of daily haze data across China between 1961 and 2020
Authors: Yu Yu , Ren Zhihua , Meng Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLong‐term homogenized haze data are important to understand long‐term changes in air quality. However, there is uncertainty with regard to the trend of haze days due to frequent changes in weather phenomena and visibility observation methods used in China, thereby impairing the understanding of how air quality has varied over time due to global warming. In this study, we analysed historical data on haze days collected by surface weather stations across China and identified several issues in the raw data, including the incorrect identification of floating dust as haze, zero annual records of haze days due to a lack of visibility observations, and incorrect identification of haze as smoke. To correct the affected data, inhomogeneities in the raw annual haze‐day data series since 1980 were resolved by removing floating dust observations from the haze data. Then, automated visibility measurements recorded since 2014 were calibrated according to the percentage of visibility measurements using <10 km as a reference. Finally, based on the corrected and quality‐controlled visibility, relative humidity, and weather data, haze identification was performed to reconstruct daily haze‐day data for China between 1961 and 2020. During this process, automated observation data were homogeneously standardized with former manual observation data. The mean annual haze‐day trends of each region in China showed that the national average number of haze days gradually increased at a rate of 4.27 days per decade between 1961 and 2014, after which it decreased at −1.9 days per year. This trend was verified with the variations in PM2.5 concentrations. Overall, this study presents a novel method for determining the variation and spatial distribution of haze days over the last 60 years in China. The study findings will facilitate future analyses of the spatiotemporal trends of haze days, as well as atmospheric, environmental, and climatic changes over China.
The Personal Globe Inventory: The structure of vocational interest in Vietnam
Authors: Rose Philip , Nguyen Nguyen Phong , Kim Jae Kyung , Nguyen Diep 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Personal Globe Inventory (PGI) proposes a unified model of vocational interests, integrating Holland's established interest dimensions, with occupational prestige dimensions. The current study evaluates the structural validity of the PGI short form in Vietnam (N = 1140). The results of the randomized tests of hypothetical order relations support the inclusion of prestige in the PGI spherical model, as a means to better calibrate the assessment of vocational interest across cultural contexts, specifically to Vietnam. Furthermore, the results endorse the application of the abbreviated form of the PGI in a career counseling context as a time‐efficient, screening method.
Consolidating and re‐evaluating the human disc nutrient microenvironment
Authors: McDonnell Emily E. , Buckley Conor T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite exciting advances in regenerative medicine, cell‐based strategies for treating degenerative disc disease remain in their infancy. To maximize the potential for successful clinical translation, a more thorough understanding of the in vivo microenvironment is needed to better determine and predict how cell therapies will respond when administered in vivo.AimsThis work aims to reflect on the in vivo nutrient microenvironment of the degenerating IVD through consolidating what has already been measured together with investigative in silico models.Materials and MethodsThis work uses in silico modeling, underpinned by more recent experimentally determined parameters of degeneration and nutrient transport from the literature, to re‐evaluate the current knowledge in terms of grade‐specific stages of degeneration.ResultsThrough modeling only the metabolically active cell population, this work predicts slightly higher glucose concentrations compared to previous in silico models, while the predicted results show good agreement with previous intradiscal pH and oxygen measurements. Increasing calcification with degeneration limits nutrient transport into the IVD and initiates a build‐up of acidity; however, its effect is compensated somewhat by a reduction in diffusional distance due to decreasing disc height.DiscussionThis work advances in silico modeling through a strong foundation of experimentally determined grade‐specific input parameters. Taken together, pre‐existing measurements and predicted results suggest that metabolite concentrations may not be as critically low as commonly believed, with calcification not appearing to have a detrimental effect at stages of degeneration when cell therapies are an appropriate intervention.ConclusionOverall, our initiative is to provoke greater deliberation and consideration of the nutrient microenvironment when performing in vitro cell culture and cell therapy development. This work highlights urgency for robust experimental glucose measurements in healthy and degenerating IVDs, not only to validate in silico models but to significantly advance the field in fully elucidating the nutrient microenvironment and refining in vitro techniques to accelerate clinical translation.
Protein Patterning on Microtextured Polymeric Nanobrush Templates Obtained by Nanosecond Fiber Laser
Authors: Verma Meenakshi , Rana Abhishek , Vidyasagar Koyyana E. Ch. , Kalyanasundaram Dinesh , Saha Sampa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicropatterned polymer brushes have attracted attention in several biomedical areas, i.e., tissue engineering, protein microarray, biosensors, etc., for precise arrangement of biomolecules. Herein, a facile and scalable approach is reported to create microtextured polymer brushes with the ability to generate different type of protein patterns. Nanosecond fiber laser is exploited to generate micropatterns on poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) (polyPEGMA) brush modified Ti alloy substrate. Surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization is employed to grow PolyPEGMA brush (11–87 nm thick) on Ti alloy surface immobilized with initiator having an initiator density (σ*) of 1.5 initiators per nm2. Polymer brushes are then selectively laser ablated and their presence on nontextured area is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Spatial orientation of biomolecules is first achieved by nonspecific protein adsorption on areas ablated by the laser, via physisorption. Further, patterned brushes of polyPEGMA are modified to activated ester that gives rise to protein conjugation specifically on nonlaser ablated brush areas. Moreover, the laser ablated brush modified patterned template is also successfully utilized for generating alternate patterns of bacteria. This promising technique can be further extended to create interesting patterns of several biomolecules which are of great interest to biomedical research community.
Some aspects of pitting corrosion susceptibility of As‐welded and thermally aged nitrogen‐alloyed 316SS weld metal
Authors: Mannepalli Srinivas , Shankar A. R. , Ningshen S. , Philip John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractType 316N (0.07% N) stainless‐steel welds prepared by shielded metal arc welding were evaluated for their pitting corrosion susceptibility in an acidified chloride environment and a neutral chloride environment in as‐welded and thermally aged conditions at 823 and 923 K for 4, 10, 24, and 100 h. After 100 h thermal aging at 823 K, 46% of δ ferrite was transformed into carbide and 81% δ ferrite was transformed into carbide and sigma phases at 923 K for 100 h. On thermal aging at 823 K (0–10 h) and 923 K (10–100 h), the changes in the degree of alloy depletion (DOA) and pitting potential were marginal due to the presence of nitrogen. Thermally aged samples at 823 K beyond 24 h showed a significant decrease in pitting potential in acidic and neutral chloride media, whereas at 923 K, the pitting potential decreased significantly up to 10 h. The results of DOA and passive current density from the double‐loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DLEPR) test and the electrochemical reactivation test (ERT) correlated well with the observed secondary phases. The role of alloy depletion in terms of the parameters DLEPR, ERT, microstructure, and nitrogen alloying on pitting corrosion is discussed.
Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione‐Based Conjugated Polymers for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yasa Mustafa , Toppare Levent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDonor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers have gotten significant attention in the past decades. Wide application area, ease of production, and cost‐effectiveness have made the D–A conjugated polymers a pivotal class of organic electronics. Organic solar cells (OSCs) became one of the most critical application areas of conjugated polymers among many. Up to the last decade, intensive research has been conducted on fullerene‐based OSCs. Drawbacks of fullerene derivatives like high cost, production obstacles, and difficulties in modifying molecular structure made the academia seek new alternatives. Emerging nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) draw a new path for academia to tune OSCs' power conversion efficiency (PCE). With the ease of synthesis and purification, modification of molecular structure via various functional groups, NFAs start outperforming fullerene‐based acceptors. Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) is widely used in D–A conjugated polymers for high‐performance OSCs. As a strong electron‐withdrawing group, TPD provides deepened lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and wide bandgaps when introduced into polymer backbones, enhancing optoelectronic properties photovoltaic performance. Herein, an overview of the applications of TPD‐based donor and acceptor type conjugated polymers for nonfullerene and all‐polymer solar cells in the last 5 years is provided.
A novel simulation‐driven reconstruction approach for x‐ray computed tomography
Authors: Hsieh Jiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeRadiation dose reduction is critical to the success of x‐ray computed tomography (CT). Many advanced reconstruction techniques have been developed over the years to combat noise resulting from the low‐dose CT scans. These algorithms rely on accurate local estimation of the image noise to determine reconstruction parameters or to select inferencing models. Because of the difficulties in the noise estimation for heterogeneous objects, the performance of many algorithms is inconsistent and suboptimal. Here, we propose a novel approach to overcome such shortcoming.MethodBy injecting appropriate amount of noise in the CT raw data, a computer simulation approach is capable of accurately estimating the local statistics of the raw data and the local noise in the reconstructed images. This information is then used to guide the noise‐reduction process during the reconstruction. As an initial implementation, a scaling map is generated based on the noise predicted from the simulation and the noise estimated from existing reconstruction algorithms. Images generated with existing algorithms are subsequently modified based on the scaling map. In this study, both iterative reconstruction (IR) and deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithms are evaluated.ResultsPhantom experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the simulation‐based noise estimation in terms of the standard deviation and noise power spectrum. Quantitative results have demonstrated that the noise measured from the original image matches well with the noise estimated from the simulation. Clinical datasets were utilized to further confirm the accuracy of the proposed approach under more challenging conditions. To validate the performance of the proposed reconstruction approach, clinical scans were used. Performance comparison was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. Two existing advanced reconstruction techniques, IR and DLIR, were evaluated against the proposed approach. Results have shown that the proposed approach outperforms existing IR and DLIR algorithms in terms of noise suppression and, equally importantly, noise uniformity across the entire imaging volume. Visual assessment of the images also reveals that the proposed approach does not endure noise texture issues faced by some of the existing reconstruction algorithms today.ConclusionPhantom and clinical results have demonstrated superior performance of the proposed approach with regard to noise reduction as well as noise homogeneity. Visual inspection of the noise texture further confirms the clinical utility of the proposed approach. Future enhancements on the current implementation are explored regarding image quality and computational efficiency. Because of the limited scope of this paper, detailed investigation on these enhancement features will be covered in a separate report.
Trendbericht Anorganik 2022 Teil 2: Nebengruppen und Koordinationschemie, Bioanorganik und mehr
Authors: Ringenberg Mark , Werncke Gunnar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMolekülchemie: Calcium bändigt Distickstoff, niedervalente Verbindungen in ungewöhnlichen Oxidationsstufen bestimmen das Geschehen, Koordinationsgeometrien kratzen an bisher für unmöglich Gehaltenem. Nebengruppen‐ und Koordinationschemie: aktivierter Distickstoff und die erste Reihe der Übergangsmetalle als Photosensibilisatoren.
GDCh‐Abschlusspreis 2021
Authors: Fries Maike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDie GDCh hat zum 15. Mal den GDCh‐Abschlusspreis (vormals GDCh‐Absolventenpreis) für die jahrgangsbesten Schulabgänger von Berufs‐ und Berufsfachschulen verliehen.
Structured transition is associated with improved outcomes in diabetes
Authors: Harmer Matthew J , Everitt Lucy H , Parker Lillie , Davis Nikki , Connett Gary , Nagra Arvind 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured transition tool for the successful transitioning of young people (YP) with type 1 diabetes from paediatric to adult diabetic services.In a single‐centre retrospective observational study, case notes were reviewed for YP with type 1 diabetes transitioning between paediatric and adult services between 2011–2014. YP were split into those who had participated in the ‘Ready Steady Go’ (RSG) structured transition programme as part of their routine care, and those who had not (RSG versus non‐RSG). Between group comparisons were made for changes in objective measures before and after transfer to adult services including: glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), non‐high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and non‐elective diabetes‐related hospital admissions. Case note documentation of advice given during consultations was also reviewed.Data were available for 106 YP. Of these, 71 had participated in the RSG transition programme. Programme use was associated with lower non‐elective, diabetes‐related hospital admissions and lower non‐HDL cholesterol concentrations compared with historical controls. The rise in HbA1c typically observed in YP during early adult life did not occur in the intervention group. No differences were observed in total cholesterol concentrations and body mass index. Trends towards higher rates of documentation of key topic discussions in the RSG group were significant for contraception and pregnancy.Due to the observed improvements in markers of metabolic and diabetes control, this study supports the role of a structured transition tool such as the ‘Ready Steady Go’ programme for YP with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Free‐radical catalyzed oxidation reactions with cyclohexene and cyclooctene with peroxides as initiators
Authors: Luck Rudy L. , Newberry Nick K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe free‐radical oxidation reaction of cyclohexene is accomplished at 80°C in a 10:1 1,2‐dichloroethane:acetonitrile mixture under an air atmosphere using 0.05 molar equivalents of either tBuOOH or H2O2 and results in a 33.7% conversion yielding 23.7% 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one, 8.0% 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐ol, and 2.0% cyclohexene oxide. With cyclooctene under similar conditions, a 42.3% conversion is obtained, 40.3% cyclooctene oxide, 0.4% of 1,2‐cyclooctanediol, and 1.2% of 2‐cycloocten‐1‐one. The reaction is dependent on dioxygen as reduced yields are obtained under a nitrogen atmosphere. It is initiated best with H2O2 and tBuOOH and does not work with ammonium persulfate as a radical initiator. This free‐radical reaction was not useful for three other alkenes tested under similar reaction conditions. Transition states and activation energies were calculated with the APFD functional and 6‐311 + G(d) basis set for possible reaction pathways involving radicals produced from the homolysis of the peroxide OO bond followed by abstraction of an alkyl H atom, forming a cyclic alkene radical. This can react rapidly with dioxygen forming a cyclic‐alkene peroxide radical. This intermediate may result in ketone products via a unimolecular pathway, whereas the formation of epoxides requires a bimolecular route. This was confirmed experimentally as lower epoxide yields for reaction with cyclooctene were obtained if the reaction solution was diluted. It is suggested that reactions involving cyclohexene where similar yields of products were obtained may also involve free‐radical pathways.
“That was a tip from my physician”—Gender‐specific pathways of patients and relatives to outpatient psychosocial cancer counselling centres—A qualitative study
Authors: Billaudelle Fabian , Bayer Oliver , Hechtner Marlene , Taylor Katherine , Lang Jennifer , Alt Jürgen , Fried Marius , Singer Susanne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to identify pathways patients and their relatives take to outpatient psychosocial cancer counselling centres. We had a special interest in how access for men can be eased.MethodsCancer patients and relatives were purposively sampled in two regions in Germany. Participants were either outpatient cancer counselling centres (OCCCs) users or non‐users and participated in qualitative face‐to‐face interviews. We used different guidelines for users and non‐users. The interviews were analysed using content analysis.ResultsOne hundred and three people participated in the study. Important pathways to outpatient psychosocial cancer counselling centres for both men and women were: information about the service and its content, easy access (obtaining appointments quickly and without bureaucracy, close to home), and recommendations from another person, in particular from their treating physician. Pathways especially important for men are positive and repeated recommendations from their treating physician and other people they trust, organisation by others on the men's behalf, the Internet, the possibility to talk to a male counsellor, making it a routine in the hospital to refer distressed patients to the counselling services, and the emphasis on information sharing. Women reported more often than men that they discovered and accessed OCCCs via information material.ConclusionsMen in particular need recommendations from others, especially from their treating physician, in order to make use of psychosocial cancer counselling. In addition, stressing the provision of information instead of exploring and expressing emotions can ease access for men to cancer counselling.
RNA interference targeting Ras GTPase gene Ran causes larval and adult lethality in Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Shen Chen‐Hui , Jin Lin , Fu Kai‐Yun , Guo Wen‐Chao , Li Guo‐Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) is a breakthrough technology in pest control. It is highly efficient to Coleopteran pests such as the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata, a serious pest defoliator mainly attacking potatoes worldwide. The first step for effective pest control by RNAi is the development of effective and reliable target genes.RESULTSOur results revealed that continuous ingestion of dsLdRan for 3 days successfully silenced the target gene, inhibited larval growth and killed 100% L. decemlineata larvae. When the bioassay began at the second‐, third/fourth‐instar larval stages, the larval lethality mainly occurred at the fourth larval instar and prepupal stages, respectively. Importantly, consumption of dsLdRan for 3 days by the newly‐emerged males and females effectively knocked down the target transcript, reduced fresh weights and caused 100% of lethality within a week. The LdRan females possessed underdeveloped ovaries.CONCLUSIONConsidering that the larvae, adults and eggs are simultaneously sited on the potato plants, bacterially‐expressed dsLdRan is a potential RNAi‐based strategy for managing L. decemlineata in the potato field. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of different setting configurations with a new developed telemedical interface of a parallel kinematic robotic system – An experimental development study
Authors: Axt Steffen , Dörflinger Andreas , Johannink Jonas , Kirschniak Andreas , Rolinger Jens , Wilhelm Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor development of a minimally invasive intracorporal micromanipulator, a master‐slave telemanipulation system was required.MethodsDifferent input positions for a tablet‐based input device with a heads‐up centred screen were evaluated. Personal preference was assessed using a questionnaire. Then, the most ergonomic and intuitive position was compared to a surgical reference position based on laparoscopic sigmoid resection.ResultsAfter comparing a 45°, 75° (pitch) and 60°/20° (pitch/yaw) to a 60° reference position no significant differences in processing time and number of failures could be demonstrated. Study participants indicated the 60°/20° position as the most comfortable in the questionnaire. This was therefore compared with the laparoscopic reference position, both sitting and standing. Here, the laparoscopic sitting position was perceived to be the most ergonomic.ConclusionsThe developed input device offers a maximum of flexibility and individualisation to reach ergonomic and intuitive conditions. General recommendations regarding an optimal setting cannot be given, based on our results.
The off-shell recursion for gravity and the classical double copy for currents
Authors: Cho Kyoungho , Kim Kwangeon , Lee Kanghoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We construct the off-shell recursion for gravity and the graviton current for the perturbative double field theory (DFT). We first formulate the perturbative DFT, which is equivalent but simpler to perturbative general relativity, to all-orders in fluctuations of generalised metric. The perturbative action and equations of motion (EoM) are derived to arbitrary order for pure gravity case. We then derive the graviton off-shell recursion, the gravity counterpart of the Berends-Giele recursion in Yang-Mills theory, through the so-called perturbiner method using the EoM of the perturbative DFT. We solve the recursion iteratively and obtain the graviton off-shell currents explicitly. We then discuss the classical double copy for the off-shell currents. We present the current KLT relation for gravity by extending the result proposed by Mizera and Skrzypek for the non-gravitational effective field theories. The relation represents graviton currents by squaring gluon currents with the KLT kernel up to gauge transformation and regular terms that do not have any pole. Finally we discuss the off-shell conservation of currents for nonlinear gauge choices.