bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Altitude and Solvent on Psidium guajava Linn. leaves extracts: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial activity against Food Spoilage Microbes
Authors: Majhi Rita , Maharjan Rukusha , Shrestha Mitesh , Mali Aatish , Basnet Angisha , Baral Manish , Duwal Rabin , Manandhar Rojlina , Rajbhandari Prajwal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Guava (Psidium guajava Linn.) has been traditionally used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases due to its rich content of secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of altitude and solvent systems on guava leaves crude extract’s phenolics and flavonoid content, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and its toxicity nature.Methods: Guava leaves were collected from three different geographical locations of Nepal while solvents with an increasing polarity index were used for extraction. The yield percentage of extracts was calculated. Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and antioxidant activity were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, Aluminium chloride colorimetric method, and DPPH (2,2’-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay respectively. The quantification of fisetin and quercetin was performed using the HPLC with method validation. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against bacteria and fungus isolated from spoiled fruits and vegetables and identified through 16s and 18s rRNA sequencing. Finally, Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) was used for testing the toxicity of the extracts.Results: The phenolic and total flavonoid content was found to be higher in ethanol extract (331.84 mg GAE/g) and methanol extract (95.53 mg QE/g) from Kuleshwor respectively. Water extract of guava leaves from Kuleshwor (WGK) did not show significantly different antioxidant activity when compared to methanol and ethanol extracts. Fisetin and quercetin were higher in WGK (1.176 mg/100 g) and (10.967 mg/100 g) dry extract weight respectively. Antibacterial activity against food spoilage bacteria was dose dependent and found to be highest for all the extracts from different solvents and altitude at higher concentrations (80 mg/ml). Similarly, methanol and ethanol guava extracts from all locations showed antifungal activity against Geotrichum candidum RIBB-SCM43 and Geotrichum candidum RIBB-SCM44. WGK was found to be non-toxic.Conclusion: Our study concludes that the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of WGK was found to be simlar with that of methanol and ethanol extracts of Bishnupur Katti and Mahajidiya. These results suggest the possibility of using water as a sustainable solvent to extract natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds which can further be used as natural preservatives to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
Multi-depth and refined detection method of karst features under thick Quaternary sediments of subway lines
Authors: Su Maoxin , Han Min , Wang Peng , Ma Xiaoyin , Liu Yimin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When the subway engineerings cross the karst area, the unfavorable geology may bring many potential safety hazards to the subway design, construction and operation. There is a wide range of karst distribution in southwest China. Extremely irregular karst area is distributed in the strata along the subway lines. The Quaternary sediments are thick, which greatly increases the difficulty of detection. A multi-depth refined detection method of karst features under thick Quaternary sediments is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the karst cavities and fractures in the shallow stratum of the study area are determined by ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Secondly, the mid-deep resistivity cross-sections are delineated using surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and transient electromagnetic method (TEM). The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to fuse the resistivity data. The three-dimensional imaging is established to delineate the distribution of karst anomalies. As the information obtained by PCA is more comprehensive, the accuracy of geophysical interpretation is improved. The multi-depth refined detection of karst under thick Quaternary sediments on subway lines is realized through integrated analysis. This method has been applied in Changsha Metro Line 3 and achieved good practical results. It is of great application value for the karst tunnel treatment and the safe excavation.
Virtual Versus Jaw Simulation in Inlay Preparation Preclinical Teaching: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sheng Jie , Zhang Congdi , Gao Zhengkun , Yan Yimin , Meng Yucheng , Ren Shiqi , Liu Bin , Zhang Baoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of virtual simulation system in the teaching of inlay experiment and to guide the experimental teaching of tooth preparation. Method: 76 undergraduates of the school of stomatology were selected as the research object to conduct unified teaching and assessment of dental preparation theory. The students were randomly divided into a jaw simulation model training group (Group J), a virtual simulation system training group (Group V), a jaw simulation model training first followed by a virtual simulation system training group (Group J-V), and a virtual simulation system followed by a jaw simulation model training group (Group V-J). After training, the inlay tooth preparation assessment was performed on the extracted teeth. The data was analyzed according to the assessment scores of the tooth preparation on the extracted teeth by the senior clinician. Questionnaires were used to evaluate students' subjective feelings towards the virtual simulation system. Results: The assessment scores of Group J-V and Group V-J (62.79 ± 2.84; 64.00 ± 2.85) were higher than Group V and Group J (56.05 ± 3.39; 55.74 ± 2.53) with the highest score in the Group V-J and the lowest score in the Group V. Based on the UNIDRAW virtual simulation inlay preparation evaluation system, we have gotten that Group V-J had a higher score than other groups. In the questionnaire survey, only 9% of students preferred the digital virtual simulation system. Conclusion: Virtual simulation training can promote the teaching effect of tooth preparation in inlay experiment. Combining with the traditional jaw simulation model training and placing virtual simulation training before the jaw simulation model training, the teaching effect is supposed to be the best. Therefore, this teaching mode is a new and efficient one which is suggested popularized.
Colorectal Cancer Risk Perceptions in Black Men
Authors: Cabral Daramola N. , Tsai Meng-Han , Gishe Jemal , Dagne Getachew A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Black Americans have the greatest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates in the United States. Suboptimal CRC screening rates may be mediated by health literacy, a lack of knowledge about the screening benefits and influenced by health services factors. We examined the relationship between CRC risk perceptions and socio-demographic characteristics, disease prevention activities, and personal/family history of CRC among Black men. Methods: The cross-sectional survey used a self-administered questionnaire and was conducted in five cities in the State of Florida between April 2008 and October 2009. Of the total 425 participants, 331 responses were valid for analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed. Results: Of 331 participants, higher CRC risk perceptions were exhibited among those aged ≥60 years (70.5%) and American nativity (59.1%). Multivariate analyses found men aged ≥60 had three times greater odds of having higher CRC risk perceptions compared to those ≤ 49 years. Obese participants had more than four times the odds and over-weight subjects had more than twice the odds as compared to healthy weight/underweight participants, to have higher CRC risk perceptions. Men with a personal/family history of CRC also had greater odds of having higher CRC risk perceptions (OR = 9.18; 95% CI = 2.02-41.79). Conclusion: Given early-onset of CRC in Black men, community educational programs tailored to Black men are needed to improve CRC screening uptake. This information will inform culturally resonate health promotion interventions to elevate CRC risk perceptions and increase screening in Black men.
Changing the culture: A qualitative study exploring research capacity in local government
Authors: Homer Catherine , Freeman Charlotte , South Jane , Cooke Joanne , Holliday Judith , Hartley Anna , Mullen Shane , Woodall James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLocal government has become a key constituent for addressing health inequalities and influencing the health of individuals and communities in England. Lauded as an effective approach to tackle the multiple determinants of health, there are concerns that generating and utilising research evidence to inform decision-making and action is a challenge. This research was conducted in a local authority situated in the north of England and addressed the research question – ‘What is the capacity to collaborate and deliver research?’. The study explored the assets that exist to foster a stronger research culture, identified barriers and opportunities for developing research capacity, and how a sustainable research system could be developed to impact on local residents’ health and reduce health inequalities.MethodsThis was a qualitative study utilising semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The study used an embedded researcher (ER) who was digitally embedded within the local authority for four months to conduct the data collection. Senior Managers were purposively sampled from across the local authority to take part in interviews. Three focus groups included representation from across the local authority. Framework analysis was conducted to develop the themes which were informed by the Research Capacity Development framework. ResultsTensions between research led decision making and the political and cultural context of local government were identified as a barrier to developing research which addressed health inequalities. Research was not prioritised through an organisational strategy and was led sporadically by research active employees. A recognition across leaders that a culture shift to an organisation which used research evidence to develop policy and commission services was needed. Building relationships and infrastructure across local government, place-based collaborators and academic institutions was required. The embedded researcher approach is one method of developing these relationships. The study identifies the strengths and assets that are embedded in the organisational make-up and the potential areas for development.ConclusionResearch leadership is required in local government to create a culture of evidence-based principles and policy. The embedded research model has high utility in gaining depth of information and recognising contextual and local factors which would support research capacity development.
Intercalary frozen autografts for reconstruction of bone defects following meta-/diaphyseal tumor resection at the extremities
Authors: Yang Jingyan , Li Wenze , Feng Rongjie , Li Dong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the clinical outcome and complications of limb malignant tumors treated with intercalary resection and frozen autograft reconstruction.Methods: We reviewed 40 patients whose malignant bone tumors were treated by wide resection and recycling liquid nitrogen-treated autograft reconstruction between 2006 and 2017. Limb function, bone union at the osteotomy site and complications were evaluated. Functional outcome was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system.Results: The most common tumor was osteosarcoma (11 cases), followed by Ewing’s sarcoma (7 cases). Tumors were located in the humerus (5), ulna (1), femur (13) and tibia (21). The mean follow-up period was 48.4 months (range 11-127 months). Of the 40 patients, 19 remained disease-free, and 3 were alive with disease. The mean size of the defect after tumor resection was 12.1 cm (range 5-24 cm). Bone union was achieved in 37 patients, with a mean union time of 8.7 months (range 4-18 months). Fifteen complications were encountered in 14 patients, including 3 graft nonunions, 3 infections (1 superficial, 2 deep infections), 4 limb length discrepancies, 2 graft fractures and 3 local recurrences. The mean MSTS score was 82.5% (range 50-100%). Excellent functional results were achieved in 24 patients (60%) and good results in 14 (35%).Conclusions: Liquid nitrogen-treated tumor-bearing autografts are a simple and effective option for biologic reconstructions after meta-/diaphyseal tumor resection of long bones. This method has excellent clinical outcomes and is especially recommended for patients with nonosteolytic primary or secondary bone tumors.
Hsa_circ_0000497 and hsa_circ_0000918 contributed to peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer via ascites
Authors: Luo Ning , Sulaiman Zubaidan , Wang Chunyan , Ding Jinye , Chen Yingying , Liu Biting , Cheng Zhongping , liu Shupeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose As a common complication of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), malignant ascites contribute to the peritoneal metastasis of EOC. CircRNAs play essential roles in tumor metastasis. However, no circRNAs have been reported to be involved in EOC peritoneal metastasis via ascites.MethodsTotal of 22 samples from 9 EOC patients containing primary lesions (T), tumor cells from ascites (ASC), and metastatic lesions (M) was included for RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed circRNAs and mRNAs among different tumors. Bioinformatic analyses, including single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and soft cluster analysis, were performed to find circRNAs potentially correlated with ascitic metastasis. Wound healing and transwell analysis were performed to evaluate tumor cells metastasis in vitro. Quantitative real-time PCR and western-blot were used for gene expression evaluation.ResultsAccording to transcriptomic analysis, ASC showed mesenchymal phenotype while T and M showed epithelial phenotype. 10 circRNAs were differentially expressed among ASC, T, and M. Among them, hsa_circ_0000497 and hsa_circ_0000918 were significantly up-regulated in ASC. Functional analysis showed that both hsa_circ_0000497 and hsa_circ_0000918 promoted metastasis of EOC via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. The regulatory network construction identified 8 miRNAs and 19 mRNAs, and 7 miRNAs and 17 mRNAs as potential downstream target genes of hsa_circ_0000497 and hsa_circ_0000918, respectively, which may play pivotal roles in EOC ascitic metastasis.Conclusions circRNAs (hsa_circ_0000497 and hsa_circ_0000918) contribute to metastasis of EOC via ascites by regulating EMT. These circRNAs may serve as novel potential therapeutic targets or prognostic biomarkers for EOC peritoneal metastasis.
Evaluation of the global lung function initiative 2012 reference values for spirometry in an Iranian population
Authors: Sahebi Leyla , Rahimi Besharat , Shariat Mamak , Mousavy Seyyed Hosein 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Spirometry is an important measurement in detecting and monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The validity of the multi-ethnic GLI-2012 spirometric norms has been debated in some countries.
Aim
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of the GLI reference norms in the Iranian population.
Method
A cross-sectional study was performed on 622 healthy non-smoker population (204 males and 418 females, age range: 4 ± 82 years) between July 16 and August 27, 2019 in Iran. Z-scores for spirometric data (FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), FVC (forced vital capacity) FEV1/FVC, and FEF25 − 75% (Forced expiratory flow averaged over the middle portion of FVC) were calculated. According to the agreement approved, a mean Z-score outside the range of ± 0.5 was considered as clinically significant.
Result
The mean (SD) Z-score values of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and FEF25 − 75% were 0.44(1.21), 0.49(1.14), 0.11(1.03), and − 1.13(0.99) in males and 0.61(1.14), 0.89(1.26), 0.17(0.88) and-0.49 (0.96) in females, respectively. The Z-score of FEV1/FVC was below the Lower Limit of Normal (LLN) in 3.43% of men and 2.01% of women (in ≥ 21 years), while these values were significantly higher in people under 21 years old.
Conclusion
The GLI reference values are not perfect for the Iranian population, especially in children below 10 years old and women. The use of the GLI reference values was appropriate in population above 21 years; however, they would overestimate the prevalence of airway obstruction in individuals below 21 years.
Histopathological findings in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Honduras, 2016-2020
Authors: Galeas Rubén , Alas-Pineda César , Gaitán-Zambrano Kristhel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common kidney disease in children, it is characterized by the presence of massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipemia and can be caused by different histopathological subtypes. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional observational study. Histopathological and clinical data were collected from 52 pediatric patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who underwent USG-guided kidney biopsy in two third level hospitals in northwestern Honduras during January 2016 to December 2020. Convenience sampling was used; the data was exported to SPSS v.25 statistical program, where statistical analysis was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the frequencies and percentages of the categorical variables, and the median and the interquartile range (IQR) of the quantitative variables were obtained. Results: the median age was 9 years [IQR, 3.0 - 12.0]; 55.8% were male. The clinical presentation of nephrotic syndrome in 34.6% of the cases was cortico-dependent nephrotic syndrome, followed by cortico-resistant nephrotic syndrome in 36.5%. The main subtype of glomerulopathy presented was the minimal change disease in 36.5%, followed by 28.8% corresponding to focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Conclusions: In Honduras the real incidence of the different histopathological variations is unknown, therefore kidney biopsy becomes a fundamental tool to establish the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease.
Main text: Population structure of Wilsonomyces carpophilus, the shot hole pathogen of stone fruits in Kashmir, India.
Authors: Nabi Asha , Shah M.D. , Padder B.A. , Ahmad Mushtaq , Dar M.S. , Nisa Raheeba. T. , Khurshid Sehla 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundShot hole caused by Wilsonomyces carpophilus is one of the major fungal diseases of stone fruits. The population structure of this fungus has not been studied in detail. The objective of this work was to study the population differentiation of W.carpophilus associated with peach, plum, apricot and almond in three geographical regions using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and DNA sequence of internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region from fungal isolates. ResultsThe geographical as well as host populations were homogenous with highest genetic diversity within the populations than among populations. Furthermore, the W.carpophilus population on plum host revealed minimal but considerable genetic difference from peach, apricot, and almond populations, suggesting that this pathogen may have speciated on plum host. ConclusionGene flow is the main evolutionary process shaping the genetic structure of W.carpophilus in Kashmir. In addition, W.carpophilus population on plum host showed low but significant genetic differentiation with peach, apricot and almond population implicating the possibility of speciation of this pathogen on plum host.
Evaluation of Thyroid Function Tests in Children With Covid-19
Authors: AYRANCI ILKAY , Çatlı Gönül , Manyas Hayrullah , Tüz Ayşegül Elvan , Çolak Ayfer , Yilmaz Dilek , Duman Jülide Gülizar Yıldırım , Dündar Bumin Nuri 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has rapidly spread around the world since December 2019. Coronaviruses are known to have direct effects on various endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland. Although adult studies provide useful information and most of these studies are compatible with Non thyroidal illness, there were no data analysed throid function tests in children with COVID-19.Aim: We aimed to evaluate the levels of free T4 (fT4), free T3 (fT3), thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid autoantibodies during and after the disease in children with COVID-19.Methods: We studied 18 patients followed up in our pediatric infectious diseases clinic and pediatric endocrinology clinic with the diagnosis of COVID-19 between September-December 2021. In these patients with COVID-19 a standard set of blood tests including complete blood count, kidney, liver function, thyroid function and thyroid auto antibodies were performed. After 3 months later, we tested thyroid function, thyroid auto antibodies again.Results: In thyroid function tests taken during the disease, fT4 of all patients was normal. fT3 was low in 6 (33.3%) patients, and TSH was high in 2 (11.1%) patients. In the control tests performed 3 months later, TSH of all patients was normal. Control fT4 was low in 2 (11.1%) patients whose fT4 was normal during the disease. In 5 (27.7%) patients control fT3 was found low. When the relationship of these parameters with the infection criteria was examined, a negative correlation was found between fT3 taken at the time of COVID-19 positive and CRP, and a positive correlation between fT3 and absolute lymphocyte counts at the 3rd month control.Conclusion: Abnormalities in the examinations taken during the disease were mostly found to be compatible with sick euthyroid syndrome. The persistency of low fT3 and newly detected fT3 and fT4 decreases in the follow up suggested involvement of hypothalamo pituitary-thyroid axis due to Covid 19.
WITHDRAWN: Underestimating the risk of developing Chronic Kidney Diseases Among the Jordanian Diabetic Patients
Authors: Almomani Ensaf , Almomani Huda , Al-Azzam Sayer , Qablan Ahmad , Almomany Abass 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite the increase in Type 2 Diabetes Mellites (T2DM) prevalence in Jordan, there is a lack of studies on kidney function status among the T2DM patients. The aim of this study is to give an insight into kidney functions in T2DM patients and to identify patients at risk of renal diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula was used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The data were analyzed using the SPSS software.Results: 22.3% of the T2DM patients had eGFR values less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. The decrease in eGFR was accompanied by an increase in proteinuria (PU) and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR). Most of the T2DM patients were in Stage 2 CKD. The eGFR values were lower in males than females. The correlation analysis showed that eGFR values were negatively correlated with the duration of T2DM, serum creatinine (sCr), ACR, and PU, reflecting a decrease in kidney functions with the increase in T2DM duration, and patients’ biochemical variables. Most of the T2DM patients had high blood sugar, urine creatinine, and evidence of protein in the urine samples, indicating uncontrolled diabetes. Conclusions: The eGFR value can be used in addition to the biochemical variables to better identify T2DM patients at risk of developing chronic kidney diseases in the future, especially in T2DM patients with poor glycemic control.