bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MESSENGER Observations of Planetary Ion Enhancements at Mercury's Northern Magnetospheric Cusp During Flux Transfer Event Showers
Authors: Sun Weijie , Slavin James A. , Milillo Anna , Dewey Ryan M. , Orsini Stefano , Jia Xianzhe , Raines Jim M. , Livi Stefano , Jasinski Jamie M. , Fu Suiyan , Zhao Jiutong , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Saito Yoshifumi , Li Changkun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAt Mercury, several processes can release ions and neutrals out of the planet's surface. Here we present enhancements of planetary ions (Na+‐group ions) in Mercury's northern magnetospheric cusp during flux transfer event (FTE) “showers.” FTE showers are intervals of intense dayside magnetopause reconnection, during which FTEs are observed in quick succession, that is, only separated by a few seconds. This study identifies 1953 FTE shower intervals and 1795 Non‐FTE shower intervals. During the shower intervals, this study shows that the FTEs form a solar wind entry layer equatorward of the northern magnetospheric cusp. In this entry layer, solar wind ions are accelerated and move downward (i.e., planetward) toward the cusp, which sputter upward‐moving planetary ions with a particle flux of 1 × 1011 m−2 s−1 within 1 min. The precipitation rate is estimated to increase by an order of magnitude during FTE showers, to 2 × 1025 s−1, and the neutral density of the exosphere could vary by >10% in response to this FTE‐driven sputtering. Such rapid large‐scale variations driven by dayside reconnection may explain the minute‐to‐minute changes in Mercury's exosphere, especially on the high latitudes, observed by ground‐based telescopes on Earth. Our MESSENGER in situ observation of enhanced planetary ions in the entry layer likely corresponds to an escape channel for Mercury's planetary ions. Comprehensive, future multipoint measurements made by BepiColombo will greatly enhance our understanding of the processes contributing to Mercury's dynamic exosphere and magnetosphere.
Glycoside hydrolase from the GH76 family indicates that marine Salegentibacter sp. Hel_I_6 consumes alpha-mannan from fungi
Authors: Solanki Vipul , Krüger Karen , Crawford Conor J , Pardo-Vargas Alonso , Danglad-Flores José , Hoang Kim Le Mai , Klassen Leeann , Abbott D Wade , Seeberger Peter H , Amann Rudolf I , Teeling Hanno , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Microbial glycan degradation is essential to global carbon cycling. The marine bacterium Salegentibacter sp. Hel_I_6 (Bacteroidota) isolated from seawater off Helgoland island (North Sea) contains an α-mannan inducible gene cluster with a GH76 family endo-α-1,6-mannanase (ShGH76). This cluster is related to genetic loci employed by human gut bacteria to digest fungal α-mannan. Metagenomes from the Hel_I_6 isolation site revealed increasing GH76 gene frequencies in free-living bacteria during microalgae blooms, suggesting degradation of α-1,6-mannans from fungi. Recombinant ShGH76 protein activity assays with yeast α-mannan and synthetic oligomannans showed endo-α-1,6-mannanase activity. Resolved structures of apo-ShGH76 (2.0 Å) and of mutants co-crystalized with fungal mannan-mimicking α-1,6-mannotetrose (1.90 Å) and α-1,6-mannotriose (1.47 Å) retained the canonical (α/α)6 fold, despite low identities with sequences of known GH76 structures (GH76s from gut bacteria: &lt;27%). The apo-form active site differed from those known from gut bacteria, and co-crystallizations revealed a kinked oligomannan conformation. Co-crystallizations also revealed precise molecular-scale interactions of ShGH76 with fungal mannan-mimicking oligomannans, indicating adaptation to this particular type of substrate. Our data hence suggest presence of yet unknown fungal α-1,6-mannans in marine ecosystems, in particular during microalgal blooms.
Evolution of gene expression signature in mammary gland stem cells from neonatal to old mice
Authors: Huang Xiaoling , Xu Yue , Qian Lu , Zhao Qian , Liu Pengfei , Lü Jinhui , Guo Yuefan , Ma Wenjing , Wang Guangxue , Li Shujun , Luo An , Yang Xiaolai , Wang Haiyun , Yu Zuoren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the lifetime of females, mammary epithelial cells undergo cyclical expansion and proliferation depending on the cyclical activation of mammary gland stem/progenitor cells (MaSCs) in response to the change of hormone level. The structural shrink of mammary duct tree and the functional loss of mammary gland occur along with inactivation of MaSCs in old females, even leading to breast cancer occasionally. However, the gene expression signature in MaSCs across the lifespan remains unclear. Herein, we tested the tissue regeneration ability of CD24+CD49fhigh MaSCs over six time points from neonatal (4-day-old) to aged mice (360-day-old). Further RNA-seq analyses identified four clusters of gene signatures based on the gene expression patterns. A subset of stemness-related genes was identified, showing the highest level at day 4 of the neonatal age, and the lowest level at the old age. We also identified an aging-related gene signature showing significant change in the old mice, in which an association between aging process and stemness loss was indicated. The aging-related gene signature showed regulation of cancer signaling pathways, as well as aging-related diseases including Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease. Moreover, 425, 1056, 418, and 1107 gene variants were identified at D20, D40, D90, and D180, respectively, which were mostly reported to associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in cancer. In summary, the current study is the first to demonstrate the gene expression shift in MaSCs from neonatal to aging, which leads to stemness loss, aging, aging-related diseases, and even breast cancer in old mice.
Cooperative light-induced breathing of soft porous crystals via azobenzene buckling
Authors: Krause Simon , Evans Jack D. , Bon Volodymyr , Crespi Stefano , Danowski Wojciech , Browne Wesley R. , Ehrling Sebastian , Walenszus Francesco , Wallacher Dirk , Grimm Nico , Többens Daniel M. , Weiss Manfred S. , Kaskel Stefan , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough light is a prominent stimulus for smart materials, the application of photoswitches as light-responsive triggers for phase transitions of porous materials remains poorly explored. Here we incorporate an azobenzene photoswitch in the backbone of a metal-organic framework producing light-induced structural contraction of the porous network in parallel to gas adsorption. Light-stimulation enables non-invasive spatiotemporal control over the mechanical properties of the framework, which ultimately leads to pore contraction and subsequent guest release via negative gas adsorption. The complex mechanism of light-gated breathing is established by a series of in situ diffraction and spectroscopic experiments, supported by quantum mechanical and molecular dynamic simulations. Unexpectedly, this study identifies a novel light-induced deformation mechanism of constrained azobenzene photoswitches relevant to the future design of light-responsive materials.
Long-term in vivo imaging of mouse spinal cord through an optically cleared intervertebral window
Authors: Wu Wanjie , He Sicong , Wu Junqiang , Chen Congping , Li Xuesong , Liu Kai , Qu Jianan Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spinal cord accounts for the main communication pathway between the brain and the peripheral nervous system. Spinal cord injury is a devastating and largely irreversible neurological trauma, and can result in lifelong disability and paralysis with no available cure. In vivo spinal cord imaging in mouse models without introducing immunological artifacts is critical to understand spinal cord pathology and discover effective treatments. We developed a minimally invasive intervertebral window by retaining the ligamentum flavum to protect the underlying spinal cord. By introducing an optical clearing method, we achieve repeated two-photon fluorescence and stimulated Raman scattering imaging at subcellular resolution with up to 15 imaging sessions over 6–167 days and observe no inflammatory response. Using this optically cleared intervertebral window, we study neuron-glia dynamics following laser axotomy and observe strengthened contact of microglia with the nodes of Ranvier during axonal degeneration. By enabling long-term, repetitive, stable, high-resolution and inflammation-free imaging of mouse spinal cord, our method provides a reliable platform in the research aiming at interpretation of spinal cord physiology and pathology.
A general strategy for heterogenizing olefin polymerization catalysts and the synthesis of polyolefins and composites
Authors: Zou Chen , Si Guifu , Chen Changle 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe heterogenization of homogeneous metal complexes on solid supports presents an efficient strategy for bridging homogeneous catalysts with industrially-preferred heterogeneous catalysts; however, a series of drawbacks restrict their implementation in olefin polymerization, particularly for copolymerization with polar comonomers. In this contribution, we report an ionic anchoring strategy that is highly versatile, generally applicable to different systems, and enables strong catalyst-support interactions while tolerating various polar functional groups. In addition to greatly enhanced polymerization properties, the supported catalysts achieved higher comonomer incorporation than their unsupported counterparts. This strategy enabled efficient polymerization at high temperatures at large scale and great control over product morphology, and the facile synthesis of polyolefin composites. More importantly, the dispersion of different fillers in the polyolefin matrix produced great material properties even at low composite loadings. It is expected that this strategy will find applications in different catalytic systems and the synthesis of advanced engineering materials.
Microglial NF-κB drives tau spreading and toxicity in a mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Wang Chao , Fan Li , Khawaja Rabia R. , Liu Bangyan , Zhan Lihong , Kodama Lay , Chin Marcus , Li Yaqiao , Le David , Zhou Yungui , Condello Carlo , Grinberg Lea T. , Seeley William W. , Miller Bruce L. , Mok Sue-Ann , Gestwicki Jason E. , Cuervo Ana Maria , Luo Wenjie , Gan Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActivation of microglia is a prominent pathological feature in tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease. How microglia activation contributes to tau toxicity remains largely unknown. Here we show that nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling, activated by tau, drives microglial-mediated tau propagation and toxicity. Constitutive activation of microglial NF-κB exacerbated, while inactivation diminished, tau seeding and spreading in young PS19 mice. Inhibition of NF-κB activation enhanced the retention while reduced the release of internalized pathogenic tau fibrils from primary microglia and rescued microglial autophagy deficits. Inhibition of microglial NF-κB in aged PS19 mice rescued tau-mediated learning and memory deficits, restored overall transcriptomic changes while increasing neuronal tau inclusions. Single cell RNA-seq revealed that tau-associated disease states in microglia were diminished by NF-κB inactivation and further transformed by constitutive NF-κB activation. Our study establishes a role for microglial NF-κB signaling in mediating tau spreading and toxicity in tauopathy.
A polygenic risk score for nasopharyngeal carcinoma shows potential for risk stratification and personalized screening
Authors: He Yong-Qiao , Wang Tong-Min , Ji Mingfang , Mai Zhi-Ming , Tang Minzhong , Wang Ruozheng , Zhou Yifeng , Zheng Yuming , Xiao Ruowen , Yang Dawei , Wu Ziyi , Deng Changmi , Zhang Jiangbo , Xue Wenqiong , Dong Siqi , Zhan Jiyun , Cai Yonglin , Li Fugui , Wu Biaohua , Liao Ying , Zhou Ting , Zheng Meiqi , Jia Yijing , Li Danhua , Cao Lianjing , Yuan Leilei , Zhang Wenli , Luo Luting , Tong Xiating , Wu Yanxia , Li Xizhao , Zhang Peifen , Zheng Xiaohui , Zhang Shaodan , Hu Yezhu , Qin Weiling , Deng Bisen , Liang Xuejun , Fan Peiwen , Feng Yaning , Song Jia , Xie Shang-Hang , Chang Ellen T. , Zhang Zhe , Huang Guangwu , Xu Miao , Feng Lin , Jin Guangfu , Bei Jinxin , Cao Sumei , Liu Qing , Kozlakidis Zisis , Mai Haiqiang , Sun Ying , Ma Jun , Hu Zhibin , Liu Jianjun , Lung Maria Li , Adami Hans-Olov , Shen Hongbing , Ye Weimin , Lam Tai-Hing , Zeng Yi-Xin , Jia Wei-Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) have the potential to identify individuals at risk of diseases, optimizing treatment, and predicting survival outcomes. Here, we construct and validate a genome-wide association study (GWAS) derived PRS for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), using a multi-center study of six populations (6 059 NPC cases and 7 582 controls), and evaluate its utility in a nested case-control study. We show that the PRS enables effective identification of NPC high-risk individuals (AUC = 0.65) and improves the risk prediction with the PRS incremental deciles in each population (Ptrend ranging from 2.79 × 10−7 to 4.79 × 10−44). By incorporating the PRS into EBV-serology-based NPC screening, the test’s positive predictive value (PPV) is increased from an average of 4.84% to 8.38% and 11.91% in the top 10% and 5% PRS, respectively. In summary, the GWAS-derived PRS, together with the EBV test, significantly improves NPC risk stratification and informs personalized screening.
Human pancreatic microenvironment promotes β-cell differentiation via non-canonical WNT5A/JNK and BMP signaling
Authors: Chmielowiec Jolanta , Szlachcic Wojciech J. , Yang Diane , Scavuzzo Marissa A. , Wamble Katrina , Sarrion-Perdigones Alejandro , Sabek Omaima M. , Venken Koen J. T. , Borowiak Malgorzata 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn vitro derivation of pancreatic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells holds promise as diabetes treatment. Despite recent progress, efforts to generate physiologically competent β-cells are still hindered by incomplete understanding of the microenvironment’s role in β-cell development and maturation. Here, we analyze the human mesenchymal and endothelial primary cells from weeks 9-20 fetal pancreas and identify a time point-specific microenvironment that permits β-cell differentiation. Further, we uncover unique factors that guide in vitro development of endocrine progenitors, with WNT5A markedly improving human β-cell differentiation. WNT5A initially acts through the non-canonical (JNK/c-JUN) WNT signaling and cooperates with Gremlin1 to inhibit the BMP pathway during β-cell maturation. Interestingly, we also identify the endothelial-derived Endocan as a SST+ cell promoting factor. Overall, our study shows that the pancreatic microenvironment-derived factors can mimic in vivo conditions in an in vitro system to generate bona fide β-cells for translational applications.
Inducible and reversible RNA N6-methyladenosine editing
Authors: Shi Huaxia , Xu Ying , Tian Na , Yang Ming , Liang Fu-Sen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), have been reported to regulate fundamental RNA processes and properties, and directly linked to various human diseases. Methods enabling temporal and transcript/locus-specific editing of specific RNA modifications are essential, but still limited, to dissect the dynamic and context-dependent functions of these epigenetic modifications. Here, we develop a chemically inducible and reversible RNA m6A modification editing platform integrating chemically induced proximity (CIP) and CRISPR methods. We show that m6A editing can be temporally controlled at specific sites of individual RNA transcripts by the addition or removal of the CIP inducer, abscisic acid (ABA), in the system. By incorporating a photo-caged ABA, a light-controlled version of m6A editing platform can be developed. We expect that this platform and strategy can be generally applied to edit other RNA modifications in addition to m6A.
Meiotic drive in chronic lymphocytic leukemia compared with other malignant blood disorders
Authors: Jønsson Viggo , Awan Haneef , Jones Neil Deaton , Johannesen Tom Børge , Thøgersen Klaus , Steig Bjarni á , Andorsdottir Gudrid , Tjønnfjord Geir Erland 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe heredity of the malignant blood disorders, leukemias, lymphomas and myeloma, has so far been largely unknown. The present study comprises genealogical investigations of one hundred and twelve Scandinavian families with unrelated parents and two or more cases of malignant blood disease. For comparison, one large family with related family members and three hundred and forty-one cases of malignant blood disease from the Faroese population was included. The inheritance is non-Mendelian, a combination of genomic parental imprinting and feto-maternal microchimerism. There is significantly more segregation in maternal than in paternal lines, predominance of mother-daughter combinations in maternal lines, and father-son combinations in paternal lines. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most frequent diagnosis in the family material, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a transgenerational segregation that is unique in that inheritance of susceptibility to chronic lymphocytic leukemia is predominant in males of paternal lines. Male offspring with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in paternal lines have a birth-order effect, which is manifest by the fact that there are significantly more male patients late in the sibling line. In addition, there is contravariation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, i.e. lower occurrence than expected in relation to other diagnoses, interpreted in such a way that chronic lymphocytic leukemia remains isolated in the pedigree in relation to other diagnoses of malignant blood disease. Another non-Mendelian function appears in the form of anticipation, i.e. increased intensity of malignancy down through the generations and a lower age at onset of disease than otherwise seen in cases from the Cancer Registers, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, for example. It is discussed that this non-Mendelian segregation seems to spread the susceptibility genes depending on the gender of the parents and not equally to all children in the sibling line, with some remaining unaffected by susceptibility i.e. "healthy and unaffected", due to a birth order effect. In addition, anticipation is regarded as a non-Mendelian mechanism that can amplify, «preserve» these vital susceptibility genes in the family. Perhaps this segregation also results in a sorting of the susceptibility, as the percentage of follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is lower in the family material than in an unselected material. Although leukemias, lymphomas and myelomas are potentially fatal diseases, this non-Mendelian distribution and amplification hardly play any quantitative role in the survival of Homo sapiens, because these diseases mostly occur after fertile age.
Effective pretreatment of lignin-rich coconut wastes using a low-cost ionic liquid
Authors: Anuchi Samson O. , Campbell Kyra L. Sedransk , Hallett Jason P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoconut husks and shells are underutilised agricultural feedstocks in the bio-based industry. These biomass wastes have a higher lignin content than other woody biomass and have excellent potential as raw materials for the production of lignin-based materials. This work demonstrates the performance of a low-cost protic ionic liquid,N,N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([DMBA][HSO4]), for ionoSolv pretreatment of coconut husk and shell at 150 °C for 45–90 min and 170 °C for 15–60 min. Optimum pretreatment conditions were observed at 170 °C and 45 min for both feedstocks. At these conditions, [DMBA][HSO4] was able to remove almost 77 wt% of the lignin from the husk; leaving a cellulosic rich pulp behind, which released 82 % of the theoretical maximum glucose after enzymatic saccharification. The pretreated shell, by comparison, achieved 82 wt% lignin removal and 89 % glucose yield and these higher values could be attributed to the highly porous structure of coconut shell cell walls. The cleavage of the β-O-4 aryl ether linkages of lignin followed by extensive C–C condensation in the lignin at longer pretreatment times was shown by HSQC NMR analysis. This extensive condensation was evidenced by molecular weights > 10,000 g/mol exhibited by lignin precipitated after pretreatment at high temperature and long times. The high degree of lignin removal and high glucose release from both feedstocks demonstrate that [DMBA][HSO4] is an excellent ionic liquid for fractionation of very lignin-rich biomass.
Relationship between rs7586085, GALNT3 and CCDC170 gene polymorphisms and the risk of osteoporosis among the Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiang , Cai Qinlei , Chen Wangxue , Huang Maoxue , Guan Renyang , Jin Tianbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) has plagued many women for years, and bone density loss is an indicator of OP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the polymorphism of the rs7586085, CCDC170 and GALNT3 gene polymorphisms and the risk of OP in the Chinese Han population. Using the Agena MassArray method, we identified six candidate SNPs on chromosomes 2 and 6 in 515 patients with OP and 511 healthy controls. Genetic model analysis was performed to evaluate the significant association between variation and OP risk, and meanwhile, the multiple tests were corrected by false discovery rate (FDR). Haploview 4.2 was used for haplotype analysis. In stratified analysis of BMI ˃ 24, rs7586085, rs6726821, rs6710518, rs1346004, and rs1038304 were associated with the risk of OP based on the results of genetic models among females even after the correction of FDR (qd < 0.05). In people at age ≤ 60 years, rs1038304 was associated with an increased risk of OP under genetic models after the correction of FDR (qd < 0.05). Our study reported that GALNT3 and CCDC170 gene polymorphisms and rs7586085 are the effective risk factors for OP in the Chinese Han population.
Optimal intervention strategies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic effects
Authors: Kasis Andreas , Timotheou Stelios , Monshizadeh Nima , Polycarpou Marios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGovernments across the world are currently facing the task of selecting suitable intervention strategies to cope with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a highly challenging task, since harsh measures may result in economic collapse while a relaxed strategy might lead to a high death toll. Motivated by this, we consider the problem of forming intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that optimize the trade-off between the number of deceases and the socio-economic costs. We demonstrate that the healthcare capacity and the testing rate highly affect the optimal intervention strategies. Moreover, we propose an approach that enables practical strategies, with a small number of policies and policy changes, that are close to optimal. In particular, we provide tools to decide which policies should be implemented and when should a government change to a different policy. Finally, we consider how the presented results are affected by uncertainty in the initial reproduction number and infection fatality rate and demonstrate that parametric uncertainty has a more substantial effect when stricter strategies are adopted.