bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of laser-welded structures in glass using acoustic microscopy
Authors: Seker N. , Benz E. , Schuhmacher S. , Ruck S. , Kleefoot M.-J. , Riegel H. , Djuric-Rissner T. , Hoffrogge P. , Czurratis P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Glass substrates are playing an increasingly important role in the production of microchips. This paper will demonstrate the potential of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) used for the characterization of laser-welded structures in thin glass slides. Structures within the volume of a glass sample can be imaged quickly and with high accuracy using this method. In particular, it should be noted that not only the depth information, but also the height profile of the structures can be obtained from ultrasonic cross-sectional images. Measurements only take a few minutes. While certain structures can be visualized in 3D using ultrasonic Time-of-Flight (ToF) measurements, current research is focusing on the 3D representation of more general structures based on the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT).
“Metallography to go”: Mobile metallographic examinations directly on components
Authors: Speicher M. , Scheck R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, the fields of application of mobile metallography in technical practice are presented on the basis of numerous examples. This nearly non-destructive testing method (NDT) is used primarily for quality assurance of components in operational applications. It includes the fabrication of microstructure replicas, mobile hardness testing and analysis methods for the determining of the chemical composition of materials. The microstructure replicas are taken for different purposes. On the one hand, it can be used to document the initial state of the microstructure, to evaluate the microstructure condition for the control of the manufacturing quality, and conclude on the required properties. On the other hand, this method can be used to evaluate defects (formation of cracks, performance of welds, correct heat treatment, creep damage, etc.). On the basis of different test cases, the results for low-alloyed and highalloyed ferritic and austenitic steels, for nickel alloys and for the possibility of subsequent determination of precipitation populations in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) are presented.
Metallographic characterization of a gold-steel composite
Authors: Strobl S. , Scheiblechner W. , Haubner R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A gold-steel composite material for decorative applications was manufactured by forging. This procedure can be referred to as modified damascene technique. Sheets made of steel K110 (C-rich cold work steel) and gold sheets were assembled and forged together at approx. 800 °C. The bar was subsequently twisted to obtain the typical torsion pattern. The end portions of this bar were subjected to a metallographic examination.
The steel K110 shows broken carbides which were formed during the forging process. The carbides can be etched using Murakami’s reagent, whereas a 3 % Nital solution can be used to etch the steel matrix.
Gold etching was challenging because many etchants suitable to etch gold preferentially attack the steel. In reference to gold extraction by cyanide leaching, a KCN solution was used as etchant. It could be shown that atmospheric oxygen acting as an oxidant is already sufficient to etch gold. However, using a KCN-H2O2 mixture provides a more efficient etching effect. Gold grains in the gold layers can reach a size of up to 1 mm. A diffusion zone with a thickness of approx. 10 μm can be observed at the steelgold interfaces.
Applications of headspace solid-phase microextraction in human biological matrix analysis
Authors: Ji Xiaoyue 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inherent complexity of the human biological matrix and its importance in modern medical diagnosis and medical research promote the development of modern analytical technology. Solid-phase microextraction technology has been widely used in the treatment and analysis of different complex biological matrices due to its smaller sample size, simpler sample preparation and setting, and lower consumption of harmful chemicals. This review provides updated information on headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography technique applications, focusing on the analysis of volatile and semivolatile compounds in human biological matrices. The application of headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography techniques in human biological matrix analysis is mainly summarized into three aspects, namely, to discover biomarkers, to investigate volatile metabolomics, and to explore the effect of the external environment on volatile metabolomics of the human biological matrix. In addition, the frequently used statistical analytical methods are summarized, and the application prospect of solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of human biological matrices is proposed.
Intermetallic compounds RE
2Ga2Mg (RE = Tb–Tm, Lu) with Mo2B2Fe-type structure
Authors: Reimann Maximilian Kai , Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The rare earth intermetallic compounds RE
2Ga2Mg with RE = Tb–Tm and Lu were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules in a high-frequency furnace. These rare earth-rich phases crystallize with the tetragonal Mo2B2Fe-type structure, space group P4/mbm and Z = 2. The polycrystalline samples were characterized through their Guinier powder patterns. The structures of Er2Ga2.092(1)Mg0.908(1), Tm2Ga2.037(1)Mg0.963(1) and Lu2Ga2.176(1)Mg0.824(1) have been refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. The refinements revealed small homogeneity ranges (small degrees of Mg/Ga mixing on the 2a sites). The magnesium atoms show square planar coordination by Ga2 dumbbells (282 pm Mg–Ga and 257 pm Ga–Ga in the lutetium compound). Geometrically one can describe the RE
2Ga2Mg phases as 1:1 intergrowth structures of CsCl and AlB2-related slabs of compositions REMg and REGa2. From DFT based calculations, charge transfer from the rare earth and magnesium atoms towards gallium can be illustrated in electron localization function ELF slice planes showing strong localization around gallium in the basal plane as well as along the tetragonal c axis signaling Ga–Ga pair interactions. The site-projected density of states DOS and COOP data further quantify this observation. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show Pauli paramagnetism for Sc2Ga2Mg and Lu2Ga2Mg with low room temperature susceptibility values of 2.1(1) × 10−4 and 1.1(1) × 10−4 emu mol−1, respectively. Ho2Ga2Mg, Er2Ga2Mg and Tm2Ga2Mg are Curie-Weiss paramagnets with stable trivalent rare earth ground states. Antiferromagnetic ordering was detected below the Néel temperatures of T
N = 18.6(1) (RE = Ho), 11.9(1) (RE = Er) and 6.4(1) K (RE = Tm). The three compounds show metamagnetic transitions in their 3 K magnetization isotherms. Tm2Ga2Mg exhibits a square loop behavior with small hysteresis.
Online Monitoring Method of Greenbelt Ecospace Pollution in a Smart City
Authors: Hou Xiaolei , Zhang Zhihua , Zhang Junjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
With the development of urbanization, the problem of green space ecological environment pollution becomes increasingly sharp and complicated. Online monitoring based on the traditional technology is not very comprehensive, and there are always defects such as a false positive rate. Therefore, this paper proposes an online monitoring method for the green space ecological space pollution network based on its vulnerability. An independent functional expression was constructed by interpreting and analyzing the fragile zone and the clear calculation standards of its width index and overlap index, and vulnerability and comprehensive indicators were constructed to reduce the occurrence of false positives. The online monitoring method was constructed based on the heterogeneous integration and the local conditions. The experimental results show the following: the proposed method has low false alarm rate, high accuracy, excellent stability, and a good online monitoring effect of the ecological pollution network.
Redesign Driven by Manufacturing Data for Next-Generation Modernization of Legacy Products
Authors: Eddy Douglas , Krishnamurty Sundar , Carrara Ryan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the life cycles of many products advance, obsolescence of original components can pose challenges for a product’s maintainability and serviceability. Information about the original design intent of the product system may not be available. For example, it may not be obvious how to identify old components by reverse engineering or to select and configure the optimal components for best system performance. Thus, time spent to redesign an older legacy product with high-fidelity simulations may be difficult to justify. Increasingly more performance measurements are available in digital twins of product systems generated during manufacturing and testing. This paper introduces a redesign from manufacturing data mapping (RfMDM) method that can infer optimal new components to modernize legacy product systems. This RfMDM method does not rely upon time-consuming redesign efforts. The inputs come from a basic understanding of the subsystem of concern and qualitative scoring estimates of the influence of design rules on design criteria and simulation fidelity. RfMDM transforms manufacturing data to determine the significance and required quality of each design variable of each obsolete component. This enables estimation of optimal new component specifications for selection and a first article redesign and test to enable product line improvements over time more efficiently. Recognizing that radiofrequency interference effects in printed circuit boards present a complex and quintessential example of legacy subsystems with potentially obsolete components, this paper demonstrates the RfMDM method with a theoretical example subsystem of an active low-pass filter on a printed circuit board.
Earthquake and the pandemic on top of old problems – work of the Croatian History Museum after the Zagreb earthquake of March 2020 and during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Barić Mislav 
Published: August 2022

Purpose. The aim of the paper is to present the work the Croatian History Museum (CHM) has done to preserve cultural heritage and the use of its digital strategy to present that work. This was applied in the CHM’s plan as the digital editorial board was formed to oversee and curate the Museum’s presence on the social media and the internet.
Approach/methodology. The paper showcases the increase of online visitors and users that consume cultural heritage on online platforms through the examples of virtual exhibitions, social media posts and gathered data. The maintenance of a specifically targeted virtual identity of a museum helped in this regard, which is evident in the increase of online visitors. Data was gathered and interpreted by using Google Analytics and Instagram analytical data by the author throughout 2020, and the data suggest that digital museums have a lot of potential, in particular with modern online users.
Findings. The data presented in the paper shows that the online visitors were interested in the work of the Museum and that the promotion thorough social media generated online visitors as much as a real-life exhibition. It shows the interest in digital museums and the promotion of museum work online.
Research limitations. The author recognizes that the data presented in the paper is gathered only from one source as the author could not access data from other similar institutions which would have been used for comparison.
Originality/value. Through empirical examples, the paper showcases how useful a virtual museum can be in raising interest in cultural heritage. This is especially important in times when people cannot attend large social gatherings. Also, the paper describes the events and the work guidelines given at times of crisis such as earthquakes, which the author witnessed himself and participated in.
Circular RNA profile in Graves’ disease and potential function of hsa_circ_0090364
Authors: Jiang Zhengrong , Huang Linghong , Chen Lijun , Zhou Jingxiong , Liang Bo , Bai Xuefeng , Wu Lizhen , Huang Huibin 
Published: August 2022

Background
Graves’ disease is a common autoimmune disease. Cytokines and their signalling pathways play a major part in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be clarified.

Aims
The aim of this study was to explore whether circular RNAs participate in the immunological pathology of Graves’ disease via cytokine-related signalling pathways.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs and their targets and associated pathways. A total of three patients with Graves’ disease and three sex- and age-matched healthy controls were enrolled for validation with microarray analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). An additional 24 patients with Graves’ disease and 24 gender- and age-matched controls were included for validation by real-time fluorescent qPCR. Flow cytometry and CCK8 assays were used to detect the apoptotic and proliferative levels of Jurkat cells (T lymphocytes) with the silenced expression of circRNA. ELISA was performed to detect the growth and apoptosis-related proteins. The competition mechanism of endogenous RNA was explored by real-time fluorescence qPCR.

Results
A total of 366 significantly differentially expressed circular RNAs were identified in the Graves’ disease group compared to healthy controls. The level of hsa_circ_0090364 was elevated in Graves’ disease patients and positively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies. Further analyses suggested that hsa_circ_0090364 may regulate the JAK-STAT pathway via the hsa-miR-378a-3p/IL-6ST/IL21R axis to promote cell growth.

Conclusions
These results provide novel clues into the pathophysiological mechanisms of Graves’ disease and potential targets for drug treatment.
Idiopathic central precocious puberty with Prader–Willi syndrome: pubertal development with discontinuation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog
Authors: Kobayashi Mami , Yagasaki Hideaki , Tamaru Kei , Mitsui Yumiko , Inukai Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic imprinting disorder that is characterized by obesity, short stature, and hypogonadism. Hypogonadism is characterized by normal luteinizing hormone (LH), high follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), low testosterone, low inhibin B, and relatively low anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Only a few cases of central precocious puberty (CPP) have been reported in PWS, and follow-up for CPP with PWS is not established. Hence, we present a boy with PWS accompanied by CPP. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) therapy was started at 7 years of age, CPP was adequately arrested, and GnRHa therapy was discontinued at 11.3 years of age. Growth hormone (GH) therapy was started at 12 years of age due to inadequate growth. He grew close to his final height, and his testes developed with normal LH, increased FSH, normal testosterone, and reduced AMH corresponding to puberty at 13.5 years of age. The features of 16 patients with PWS with CPP, including our patient, were summarized. Out of seven male patients, five were treated with GnRHa, as well as four out of nine female patients. Out of 16 patients, 6 were assessed with pubertal development over 13 years of age. Pubertal development was considered to be restored in four patients who had GnRHa therapy discontinuation. We should carefully follow-up on pubertal development in CPP. GnRHa therapy is useful for adequate puberty blockage, and pubertal development could be restored with GnRHa therapy discontinuation.

Learning points

Pubertal development in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) varies from hypogonadism to precocious puberty.

Pubertal development assessment based on clinical features and hormone levels is needed in central precocious puberty (CPP) treatment with PWS.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) therapy is useful for CPP with PWS, and pubertal development can be restored with GnRHa therapy discontinuation.
The Antioxidant Effect of Mitochondrially Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 on the Isolated Rat Heart Model
Authors: Senokosova E. A. , Krutitsky S. S. , Gruzdev O. V. , Antonova L. V. , Skulachev M. V. , Grigoriev E. V. 
Published: August 2022

Mitochondrially targeted antioxidants based on Skulachev ions (SkQ1) are extremely attractive for neutralizing reactive oxygen species directly in the mitochondrial matrix.The aim was to examine the antioxidant and cardioprotective status of the SkQ1 mitochondrially targeted antioxidant in an isolated rat heart model of ischemia and reperfusion after cold cardioplegia.Material and methods. The effects of different concentrations of SkQ1 (1200 ng/ml, 120 ng/ml, 12 ng/ml) were explored on isolated hearts of Wistar rats (n=50) during 240-min cold cardioplegia. The levels of oxidative stress, changes in myocardial damage markers (classical and highly specific) and cardiac function (coronary flow velocity, heart rate, systolic pressure) were assessed.Results. The use of SkQ1 at 12 ng/ml resulted in a significant neutralization of oxidative stress manifestations (P<0.05). The minimum concentration of NO metabolites (nitrates and nitrites) (36.2 [30.8; 39.8] µmol/ml) was maintained at pre-ischemic level throughout the 30-minute reperfusion period, while the malonic dialdehyde concentration (49.5 [41.1; 58.9] µmol/g) was lower compared with SkQ1 use at 120 ng/ml dose. Due to the «mitigation» of oxidative stress, intracellular enzymes and highly specific markers of myocardial damage rose more slowly during reperfusion, while cardiac function recovery occurred at a higher rate and showed stability upon restoration of perfusion.Conclusion. SkQ1 at 12 ng/ml concentration showed strong antioxidant and cardioprotective properties in an ex vivo study.
Pneumomediastinum: a New Look at an Old Problem in a COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chizhova O. Y. , Ruslyakova I. A. , Bakulin I. G. , Prokofieva N. A. , Sushilova A. G. , Glazunova G. M. , Lebedinsky K. M. 
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and to determine its management strategy in patients with the novel coronavirus infection.Material and methods. Eighteen patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) hospitalized in the Center for Novel Coronavirus Infection of the Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University from 2020 to 2021 were examined. The control group consisted of 18 persons selected using matched sampling. We analyzed symptoms, medical and life history, comorbidities, physical examination results, laboratory and instrumental data, and disease management of patients in both groupsResults. The groups were comparable by age and sex. Among all patients hospitalized with the novel coronavirus infection, spontaneous pneumomediastinum was registered in 1.3% (n=18). Analysis of symptoms, medical and life history, comorbidities, physical examination results, laboratory and instrumental data and disease management did not reveal significant differences between the groups. At the same time, the proportion of obese patients in the main group was lower than in the control group. Estimation of HR showed that the risk of spontaneous pneumomediastinum development was significantly lower in obesity (HR=0.14; 95% CI: 0.033–0.63, P=0.010).Conclusion. The risk of spontaneous pneumomediastinum is significantly lower in obese patients.
Dominio lingüístico en inglés en estudiantes de secundaria para el año 2019 en Costa Rica
Authors: Araya Garita Walter 
Published: August 2022

La evaluación estandarizada que determina el nivel de idioma de las personas es una práctica cada vez más común en el contexto socioeducativo actual. Costa Rica no es la excepción. La Universidad de Costa Rica y el Ministerio de Educación han estado trabajando para crear y aplicar diferentes instrumentos a varias poblaciones tanto internas como externas a estas instituciones. Este artículo describe el contexto para la aplicación de la primera prueba de dominio inglés aplicada a estudiantes de último año de la educación general básica y educación diversificada en las destrezas de comprensión de lectura y comprensión auditiva por medio de una computadora. Además, este artículo describe los principales conceptos teóricos para la construcción de instrumentos de evaluación estandarizada. Por otro lado, muestra los principales resultados del examen aplicado a 55143 estudiantes de todo el país de acuerdo con la modalidad de institución en el año 2019. Los resultados muestran que la mayor cantidad de estudiantes se ubican en la banda A2 de acuerdo con el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas. Sin embargo, la tendencia de colegios experimentales bilingües y privados no es la misma comparada con la de la de los colegios públicos académicos y técnicos. Es necesario que el Ministerio de Educación mantenga esta práctica. Asimismo, se deben incluir las otras dos destrezas de manera escalonada e implementar un examen de certificación a futuro.
Bilişsel Tanı Çerçevesinde GDINA, DINA, DINO Model Uyumlarının Madde ve Test Düzeyinde Gerçek Veriye Dayalı Olarak Karşılaştırılması
Authors: SARITAŞ AKYOL Seyhan , ÇAKAN Mehtap 
Published: August 2022

Bilişsel tanı modelleri belirli kategorik gizil özellikler aracılığıyla bireylerin nitelik profillerinin oluşturulmasına imkân vermektedir. Bu modellerden elde edilen çıkarımların geçerli olup olmadığına yönelik kanıt toplamak için model veri uyumunun ortaya konması ve uygun modellerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bilişsel tanı yaklaşımı kapsamında belirlenen doymuş GDINA modeli yerine indirgenmiş (reduced) DINA ve DINO modellerinin çalışma verisi için kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı her madde düzeyi için Wald istatistiğinin kullanılarak belirlenmesi ve veriye en iyi uyum sağlayan modelin madde ve test düzeyinde karşılaştırılarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri seti olarak 478 öğrenciden elde edilen, 36 maddeden oluşan Sayı Karşılaştırma testine ait cevap örüntüsü kullanılmıştır. Analizler R 3.5.3 programında yürütülmüş R programındaki GDINA paketinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada ilk olarak, temele doymuş GDINA modeli alınarak mutlak ve göreli uyum indeksleri birlikte değerlendirilmiş ve doymuş modelin en iyi uyumu verdiği görülmüştür. Devamında Wald istatistiği kullanılarak doymuş GDINA modeli yerine her madde düzeyi için model veri uyumunda
manidar bir kayıp olmadan indirgenmiş DINA ve DINO modellerinin kullanılabilme durumu incelenmiştir.
Matematik Öğrenme Sürecinde Dijital Teknoloji Kullanımı Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÖZTOP Feyyaz , BULUÇ Bekir 
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin matematik öğrenme sürecinde dijital teknoloji kullanma
düzeylerini belirlemeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Araştırma, 2021-2022
eğitim-öğretim yılı II. döneminde Ege bölgesindeki bir ilde öğrenim görmekte olan 619 ilkokul
dördüncü sınıf öğrencisinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde IBM
SPSS Statistics ve IBM SPSS Amos programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör
analizi sonrasında ölçeğin yapısının 20 maddeden ve 4 faktörden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan
doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda da elde edilen uyum indekslerinin iyi ve kabul edilebilir
düzeylerde olduğu dolayısıyla ortaya çıkan yapının doğrulandığı belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin
güvenirliği için hesaplanan Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı .885 olarak bulunmuş ve madde
toplam korelasyonlarının .30’un üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca %27 alt ve üst grupların
madde puanları arasında anlamlı bir fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre
geçerliği ve güvenirliği sağlanan “Matematik Öğrenme Sürecinde Dijital Teknoloji Kullanımı
Ölçeği”nin geliştirildiği ifade edilebilir.