bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia, 2020: facility-based cross sectional retrospective study design
Authors: Kidie Atitegeb Abera , Ayal Birtukan Gizachew , Ayele Tiruneh , Fentie Elsa Awoke , Lakew Ayenew Molla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a global public health problem. Glycemic control is a major public health problem. Diabetes results from elevated levels of glycaemia such as increased glucose and glycated hemoglobin, and controlling glycaemia is an integral component of the management of diabetes. Glycemic control in children is particularly difficult to achieve. Identifying determinants of poor glycemic control is important for early modification of diabetic related end organ damages. This study was aimed to assess the status of glycemic control and associated factors among pediatric diabetes mellitus patients in northwest Ethiopia. Facility-based cross sectional retrospective cohort study design was used and this study was conducted from September, 2015 to February, 2018. Simple random sampling was used to select 389 samples. Data were collected using an extraction checklist. Data were entered into Epi-data − 4.6, and analyzed using Stata-16. Finally, multivariable binary logistic regression was done. Poor glycemic control was more common among pediatric patients 39.3% (95% CI 34.6, 44.3). Treatment discontinuation (AOR 2.42, 95% CI 1.25, 4.69), age (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03, 1.28) and treatment dose (AOR 0.96, 95 CI 0.92, 0.99) were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Prevalence of poor glycemic control was high. Patient’s age, history of treatment discontinuation and dose of treatment were the significant contributing factors to poor glycemic control. These need to be addressed to attain the objective of adequate glycemic control.
Bryozoan–cnidarian mutualism triggered a new strategy for greater resource exploitation as early as the Late Silurian
Authors: Zapalski Mikołaj K. , Vinn Olev , Toom Ursula , Ernst Andrej , Wilson Mark A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBryozoans were common benthic invertebrates in the Silurian seas. The large biodiversity among Silurian benthic organisms prompted diversified interactions, and as a result bryozoans hosted many other organisms as symbionts. Here we analyse the cystoporate bryozoanFistulipora przhidolensisand unidentified trepostomes intergrown with auloporid tabulate corals and putative hydrozoans. The material comes from the uppermost Přídolí Series (Late Silurian) of the Sõrve Peninsula, Saaremaa, Estonia. Our analysis shows that the interaction was beneficial for both organisms—cnidarians benefited from feeding currents created by the host bryozoan, while the latter benefited from the protection from predators by cnidae, it can thus be classified as mutualism. Such associations are common in modern seas. The analysed organisms are typically encrusting when the symbiosis is absent, when intergrown they display erect, branching morphologies, raised over the substratum, thus exploiting a higher suspension-feeding tier. While similar associations were known from the Devonian, we demonstrate that this novel ecological strategy for greater resource exploitation started as early as the latest Silurian.
Reevaluation of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic antibodies and mRNA-vaccine antisera using FcR- and ACE2-positive cells
Authors: Shimizu Jun , Sasaki Tadahiro , Koketsu Ritsuko , Morita Ryo , Yoshimura Yuka , Murakami Ami , Saito Yua , Kusunoki Toshie , Samune Yoshihiro , Nakayama Emi E. , Miyazaki Kazuo , Shioda Tatsuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany therapeutic antibodies (Abs) and mRNA vaccines, both targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein), have been developed and approved in order to combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In consideration of these developments, a common concern has been the potential for Ab-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection caused by inoculated or induced Abs. Although the preventive and therapeutic effects of these Abs are obvious, little attention has been paid to the influence of the remaining and dwindling anti-S-protein Abs in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that certain monoclonal Abs (mAbs) approved as therapeutic neutralizing anti-S-protein mAbs for human usage have the potential to cause ADE in a narrow range of Ab concentrations. Although sera collected from mRNA-vaccinated individuals exhibited neutralizing activity, some sera gradually exhibited dominance of ADE activity in a time-dependent manner. None of the sera examined exhibited neutralizing activity against infection with the Omicron strain. Rather, some ADE of Omicron infection was observed in some sera. These results suggest the possible emergence of adverse effects caused by these Abs in addition to the therapeutic or preventive effect.
Potential protective effects of chrysin against immunotoxicity induced by diazinon
Authors: Zeinali Majid , Shafaei Azam , Rafatpanah Houshang , Mosavat Arman , Tayebi-Meybodi Naser , Hosseinzadeh Hossein , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAcute intoxication with diazinon (DZN) as a pesticide causes mortality and morbidity annually. This study shows the impact of sub-acute toxicity of DZN 20 mg/kg and the protective activities of chrysin (CH) as a flavone under the flavonoids family (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) were assessed on BALB/c mouse immune system. The changes in morphological and functional properties of the immune system on thymus, spleen and liver histopathology, sub-populations of T lymphocytes, cytokines levels, transcription factors, complement function, phagocytosis, specific and total antibody productions were considered. The histopathological effects of DZN on the spleen and thymus were not significant, but the liver was damaged remarkably. In the presence of CH, the toxic effect of DZN is suppressed. DZN significantly decreased the number of whole blood TCD4+, TCD8+ and NK cells and suppressed the phagocytosis, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC). Furthermore, it suppressed specific anti-SRBC-Ab, total IgG and IgM production, T-bet expression, and IFN-γ production. In contrast, DZN did not significantly affect complement function and the number of NK cells, TCD4+ and TCD8+ splenocytes. However, it potentiated the expression of GATA-3, ROR-γt and FOXP3 gene expression and consequently produced IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β in whole blood. CH not only significantly increased the variables mentioned above at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg but also could overcome the toxic effects of DZN on whole blood lymphocyte sub-populations and specific and total Ab production in 25 and 50 mg/kg concentrations, phagocytosis and DTH responses in 50 mg/kg, and modulation of the transcription factors and cytokine production, mainly in 25 and 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, DZN in sub-acute doses could remarkably deteriorate immune responses. However, CH can overcome the toxic effects of DZN on the immune components and functions of the immune system.
Smartphone camera oximetry in an induced hypoxemia study
Authors: Hoffman Jason S. , Viswanath Varun K. , Tian Caiwei , Ding Xinyi , Thompson Matthew J. , Larson Eric C. , Patel Shwetak N. , Wang Edward J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHypoxemia, a medical condition that occurs when the blood is not carrying enough oxygen to adequately supply the tissues, is a leading indicator for dangerous complications of respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, and COVID-19. While purpose-built pulse oximeters can provide accurate blood-oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings that allow for diagnosis of hypoxemia, enabling this capability in unmodified smartphone cameras via a software update could give more people access to important information about their health. Towards this goal, we performed the first clinical development validation on a smartphone camera-based SpO2 sensing system using a varied fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) protocol, creating a clinically relevant validation dataset for solely smartphone-based contact PPG methods on a wider range of SpO2 values (70–100%) than prior studies (85–100%). We built a deep learning model using this data to demonstrate an overall MAE = 5.00% SpO2 while identifying positive cases of low SpO2 < 90% with 81% sensitivity and 79% specificity. We also provide the data in open-source format, so that others may build on this work.
Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: ecology latently shapes evolution of multicellular development in predatory bacteria
Authors: La Fortezza Marco , Rendueles Olaya , Keller Heike , Velicer Gregory J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcological causes of developmental evolution, for example from predation, remain much investigated, but the potential importance of latent phenotypes in eco-evo-devo has received little attention. Using the predatory bacteriumMyxococcus xanthus, which undergoes aggregative fruiting body development upon starvation, we tested whether adaptation to distinct growth environments that do not induce development latently alters developmental phenotypes under starvation conditions that do induce development. In an evolution experiment named MyxoEE-3, growingM. xanthuspopulations swarmed across agar surfaces while adapting to conditions varying at factors such as surface stiffness or prey identity. Such ecological variation during growth was found to greatly impact the latent evolution of development, including fruiting body morphology, the degree of morphological trait correlation, reaction norms, degrees of developmental plasticity and stochastic diversification. For example, some prey environments promoted retention of developmental proficiency whereas others led to its systematic loss. Our results have implications for understanding evolutionary interactions among predation, development and motility in myxobacterial life cycles, and, more broadly, how ecology can profoundly shape the evolution of developmental systems latently rather than by direct selection on developmental features.
Artificial intelligence-driven design of fuel mixtures
Authors: Kuzhagaliyeva Nursulu , Horváth Samuel , Williams John , Nicolle Andre , Sarathy S. Mani 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh-performance fuel design is imperative to achieve cleaner burning and high-efficiency engine systems. We introduce a data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) framework to design liquid fuels exhibiting tailor-made properties for combustion engine applications to improve efficiency and lower carbon emissions. The fuel design approach is a constrained optimization task integrating two parts: (i) a deep learning (DL) model to predict the properties of pure components and mixtures and (ii) search algorithms to efficiently navigate in the chemical space. Our approach presents the mixture-hidden vector as a linear combination of each single component’s vectors in each blend and incorporates it into the network architecture (the mixing operator (MO)). We demonstrate that the DL model exhibits similar accuracy as competing computational techniques in predicting the properties for pure components, while the search tool can generate multiple candidate fuel mixtures. The integrated framework was evaluated to showcase the design of high-octane and low-sooting tendency fuel that is subject to gasoline specification constraints. This AI fuel design methodology enables rapidly developing fuel formulations to optimize engine efficiency and lower emissions.
Projected topological branes
Authors: Panigrahi Archisman , Juričić Vladimir , Roy Bitan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNature harbors crystals of dimensionality (d) only up to three. Here we introduce the notion of projected topological branes (PTBs): Lower-dimensional branes embedded in higher-dimensional parent topological crystals, constructed via a geometric cut-and-project procedure on the Hilbert space of the parent lattice Hamiltonian. When such a brane is inclined at a rational or an irrational slope, either a new lattice periodicity or a quasicrystal emerges. The latter gives birth to topoquasicrystals within the landscape of PTBs. As such PTBs are shown to inherit the hallmarks, such as the bulk-boundary and bulk-dislocation correspondences, and topological invariant, of the parent topological crystals. We exemplify these outcomes by focusing on two-dimensional parent Chern insulators, leaving its signatures on projected one-dimensional (1D) topological branes in terms of localized endpoint modes, dislocation modes and the local Chern number. Finally, by stacking 1D projected Chern insulators, we showcase the imprints of three-dimensional Weyl semimetals in d = 2, namely the Fermi arc surface states and bulk chiral zeroth Landau level, responsible for the chiral anomaly. Altogether, the proposed PTBs open a realistic avenue to harness higher-dimensional (d > 3) topological phases in laboratory.
Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity
Authors: Ambikapathi Ramya , Schneider Kate R. , Davis Benjamin , Herrero Mario , Winters Paul , Fanzo Jessica C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver the past 50 years, food systems worldwide have shifted from predominantly rural to industrialized and consolidated systems, with impacts on diets, nutrition and health, livelihoods, and environmental sustainability. We explore the potential for sustainable and equitable food system transformation (ideal state of change) by comparing countries at different stages of food system transition (changes) using food system typologies. Historically, incomes have risen faster than food prices as countries have industrialized, enabling a simultaneous increase in the supply and affordability of many nutritious foods. These shifts are illustrated across five food system typologies, from rural and traditional to industrial and consolidated. Evolving rural economies, urbanization and changes in food value chains have accompanied these transitions, leading to changes in land distribution, a smaller share of agri-food system workers in the economy and changes in diets. We show that the affordability of a recommended diet has improved over time, but food systems of all types are falling short of delivering optimal nutrition and health outcomes, environmental sustainability, and inclusion and equity for all. Six ‘outlier’ case studies (Tajikistan, Egypt, Albania, Ecuador, Bolivia and the United States of America) illustrate broad trends, trade-offs and deviations. With the integrated view afforded by typologies, we consider how sustainable transitions can be achieved going forward.
Declining severe fire activity on managed lands in Equatorial Asia
Authors: Sloan Sean , Locatelli Bruno , Andela Niels , Cattau Megan E. , Gaveau David , Tacconi Luca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFire activity is declining globally due to intensifying land management, but trends remain uncertain for the humid tropics, particularly Equatorial Asia. Here, we report that rates of fire events deemed severe (≥75th severity percentile of 2002-2019) and very severe (≥90th percentile) for Indonesia declined 19-27% and 23-34% over 2002-2019, respectively, controlling for precipitation, where fire-event severity is given by total fire radiative power and duration. The severity of seasonal fire activity – a measure of extremeness – declined 16% in Sumatra and moderately elsewhere. Declines concentrated over mosaic croplands and nearby forest, accounting for one-fifth and one-quarter of fire activity, respectively, with each class contracting 11% amongst severe fire events. Declines were limited over mosaic lands with relatively limited cropping, despite accounting for a similar extent and one-fifth share of fire activity. Declines had an uncertain association with agricultural development but seemingly reflect related political and economic forces for economic and environmental security.
Tailored pathways toward revived farmland biodiversity can inspire agroecological action and policy to transform agriculture
Authors: Sietz Diana , Klimek Sebastian , Dauber Jens 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvances in agrochemistry in the 19th century, along with increased specialisation and intensification of food production, transformed agriculture triggering a farmland biodiversity crisis. Present economic incentives reinforce this crisis to an unprecedented scale. As the loss of farmland biodiversity undermines the basis of agroecosystems’ productivity and, hence, the sustainability of food systems, another transformation is urgently needed. Here, we advocate a concept of future pathways tailored to the characteristics of agricultural land systems and relate these to targeted farming approaches using agroecological principles. The concept depicts a transformative vision to effectively re-establish farmland biodiversity, a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture. It has the potential to support a systematic refinement of existing biodiversity and agricultural policies to enhance their impact and benefit for people and nature.
Non-conservative nature of boron in Arctic marginal ice zones
Authors: Vlahos Penny , Lee Kitack , Lee Chang-Ho , Barrett Lauren , Juranek Lauren 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Arctic Ocean is experiencing a net loss of sea ice. Ice-free Septembers are predicted by 2050 with intensified seasonal melt and freshening. Accurate carbon dioxide uptake estimates rely on meticulous assessments of carbonate parameters including total alkalinity. The third largest contributor to oceanic alkalinity is boron (as borate ions). Boron has been shown to be conservative in open ocean systems, and the boron to salinity ratio (boron/salinity) is therefore used to account for boron alkalinity in lieu of in situ boron measurements. Here we report this ratio in the marginal ice zone of the Bering and Chukchi seas during late spring of 2021. We find considerable variation in born/salinity values in ice cores and brine, representing either excesses or deficits of boron relative to salinity. This variability should be considered when accounting for borate contributions to total alkalinity (up to 10 µmol kg−1) in low salinity melt regions.
Medication history-wide association studies for pharmacovigilance of pregnant patients
Authors: Challa Anup P. , Niu Xinnan , Garrison Etoi A. , Van Driest Sara L. , Bastarache Lisa M. , Lippmann Ethan S. , Lavieri Robert R. , Goldstein Jeffery A. , Aronoff David M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Systematic exclusion of pregnant people from interventional clinical trials has created a public health emergency for millions of patients through a dearth of robust safety data for common drugs.

Methods
We harnessed an enterprise collection of 2.8 M electronic health records (EHRs) from routine care, leveraging data linkages between mothers and their babies to detect drug safety signals in this population at full scale. Our mixed-methods signal detection approach stimulates new hypotheses for post-marketing surveillance agnostically of both drugs and diseases—by identifying 1,054 drugs historically prescribed to pregnant patients; developing a quantitative, medication history-wide association study; and integrating a qualitative evidence synthesis platform using expert clinician review for integration of biomedical specificity—to test the effects of maternal exposure to diverse drugs on the incidence of neurodevelopmental defects in their children.

Results
We replicated known teratogenic risks and existing knowledge on drug structure-related teratogenicity; we also highlight 5 common drug classes for which we believe this work warrants updated assessment of their safety.

Conclusion
Here, we present roots of an agile framework to guide enhanced medication regulations, as well as the ontological and analytical limitations that currently restrict the integration of real-world data into drug safety management during pregnancy. This research is not a replacement for inclusion of pregnant people in prospective clinical studies, but it presents a tractable team science approach to evaluating the utility of EHRs for new regulatory review programs—towards improving the delicate equipoise of accuracy and ethics in assessing drug safety in pregnancy.
MicroRNA expression profile of cholesterol metabolism analysis mediated by Thelenota ananas desulfated holothurin A saponin in RAW264.7 macrophage-foam cells
Authors: Dou Peipei , Tan Yuqing , Li Kaifeng , Hong Hui , Zhu Beiwei , Han Qi-An , Luo Yongkang 
Published: September 2022

Desulfated holothurin A from Thelenota ananas, have been reported to modulate cholesterol metabolism and may be useful in treating atherosclerosis and related diseases.
An alien in Marseille: investigations on a single Aedes aegypti mosquito likely introduced by a merchant ship from tropical Africa to Europe
Authors: Jeannin Charles , Perrin Yvon , Cornelie Sylvie , Gloria-Soria Andrea , Gauchet Jean-Daniel , Robert Vincent 
Published: September 2022

Control of invasive species relies partly on permanent surveillance at international points of entry. We report the exceptional trapping of one adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) in the port of Marseille, France, in July 2018, during a routine survey conducted according to International Health Regulations. Morphological and molecular identification classified the specimen as a female Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), vector of many arboviruses, absent from Europe and the Mediterranean rim since the 1950s. A world reference panel of approximately 23,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms determined that the mosquito originated from Cameroon, west Africa. Cross-reference of this geographic location with boats traveling from Central Africa to Marseille during the trapping period suggests that the mosquito travelled within an identified merchant ship, a vehicles carrier connecting Douala, Cameroon to Marseille, France. This ship left Douala on June 25, 2018 and arrived 20 days later in Marseille on July 15. The mosquito was captured 350 m away from the dock. The interception of a propagule of an invasive species is a rare event that must be considered a priority to prevent its successful establishment.
Peut-on tirer des leçons de l’Histoire pour la crise du Covid-19?
Authors: Moulin Anne Marie , De Facci Damiano 
Published: September 2022

L’épidémie mondiale de Covid-19 que la planète connaît depuis maintenant plus d’un an, la
rapidité avec laquelle elle s’est propagée et l’ampleur de la crise, sanitaire, économique et sociale,
qu’elle a engendrée, fait naître le besoin de mieux comprendre les évènements que nous vivons
collectivement. Ce nouveau numéro de Questions de santé publique revient sur les épidémies que
l’humanité a connues précédemment. Les leçons de l’histoire pourraient-elles nous aider à mieux
comprendre la situation que nous vivons et à tracer un nouvel avenir ?
Le Nutri-Score, un étiquetage nutritionnel s’appuyant sur des bases scientifiques solides
Authors: Julia Chantal , Touvier Mathilde , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge 
Published: September 2022

La France a adopté officiellement en 2017 un logo d’information nutritionnelle apposé sur la face
avant des emballages : le Nutri-Score. Depuis, il a été adopté dans plusieurs pays européens, et fait
partie des options avancées pour un logo harmonisé dans l’ensemble des pays de l’Union Européenne.
Appliqué de façon volontaire par les entreprises de l’agro-alimentaire, il apporte une information
simplifiée aux consommateurs sur la qualité nutritionnelle des produits, à partir des éléments de la
déclaration nutritionnelle et de la liste des ingrédients. Ce nouveau numéro de Questions de Santé
Publique revient sur la construction, le développement et l’implémentation du Nutri-Score en France,
ainsi que sur la manière dont il participe à améliorer les choix alimentaires des consommateurs en
situation d’achat, et comment, à l’avenir, il pourrait participer à la prévention des maladies chroniques
liées à la nutrition.