bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming intensifies severe drought over China from 1980 to 2019
Authors: Huang Yujia , Guo Mengjing , Bai Peng , Li Jing , Liu Lu , Tian Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate warming is steadily increasing drought risk in many regions of the world. However, the contribution of warming over the past few decades to drought evolution in China remains unclear. This study used the self‐calibrating Palmer drought severity index (sc‐PDSI) and a detrending experiment to quantify the contribution of warming to severe drought (sc‐PDSI < −3.0) characteristics (intensity, frequency, and duration) over China from 1980 to 2019. Differences in drought characteristics calculated from original and detrended temperature data were attributed to warming effects. The results showed that 93.8% of areas in China have experienced a significant (p < .05) warming trend from 1980 to 2019. Warming remarkably intensified severe drought characteristics across China. Without warming, the extent, frequency, and duration of severe droughts in China would reduce by 2.04%, 2.0%, and 0.82 months. In addition, there are apparent regional differences in the response of severe drought characteristics to warming. Severe drought characteristics in high elevations and high latitudes are more sensitive to warming than in other regions.
A multilayer daily high‐resolution gridded homogenized soil temperature over continental China
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Aihui , Wang Zhengqi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the construction of a 0.25° × 0.25° daily soil temperature (TS) data set at six soil depths (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 cm) based on a homogenized TS at more than 2,000 meteorological stations across mainland of China for 1960–2017. First, at each station, the observed TS is split into a daily climatology of 1981–2010 and a daily anomaly for 1960–2017. Then, they are respectively interpolated to 0.25° × 0.25° horizontal resolution by using the thin‐plain spline and the angular distance weight interpolation methods. Finally, a gridded multilayer TS data set is constructed from the sum of the above two gridded products. Latitude, longitude, and high‐resolution digital elevation models are explicitly incorporated into the interpolation processes. Selectivity tests indicate that the optimal interpolation distance for the TS anomaly field is 500 km, where the gridded data set may have maximum coverage of the entire Chinese mainland. The results show that the gridded TS climatology is slightly lower than the station observations. The differences between gridded and the station‐based TS varies ±3°C, with relatively large in SW and TIBET. For the gridded anomaly fields, the cross‐validation shows that the mean absolute errors between gridded and station‐based TS are generally less than 0.6°C in the YZ, SW, and SC, but they are above 1.0°C in the NW and TIBET due to the sparse station distribution and large topographic relief. From 1961 to 2016, the seasonal variability of the gridded TS is generally consistent with that of the surface air temperature. The gridded TS over the majority of land displays significantly positive trends in both summer and winter (p > 95%), indicating an overall warming land surface in China. The long‐term gridded TS data not only preserves the spatial features represented in the station observations, but also provides a spatio‐temporal continuous long‐term product of mainland China. Thus, it may be used in future studies, for example, evaluation of land surface model simulations, validation of satellite retrievals, land‐atmosphere interactions, and climate change.
Nascent to novel methods to evaluate malnutrition and frailty in the surgical patient
Authors: Prado Carla M. , Ford Katherine L. , Gonzalez M. Cristina , Murnane Lisa C. , Gillis Chelsia , Wischmeyer Paul E. , Morrison Chet A. , Lobo Dileep N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPreoperative nutrition status is an important determinant of surgical outcomes, yet malnutrition assessment is not integrated into all surgical pathways. Given its importance and the high prevalence of malnutrition in patients undergoing surgical procedures, preoperative nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention are needed to improve postoperative outcomes. This narrative review discusses novel methods to assess malnutrition and frailty in the surgical patient. The Global Leadership Initiative for Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria are increasingly used in surgical settings although further spread and implementation are strongly encouraged to help standardize the diagnosis of malnutrition. The use of body composition (ie, reduced muscle mass) as a phenotypic criterion in GLIM may lead to a greater number of patients identified as having malnutrition, which may otherwise be undetected if screened by other diagnostic tools. Skeletal muscle loss is a defining criterion of malnutrition and frailty. Novel direct and indirect approaches to assess muscle mass in clinical settings may facilitate the identification of patients with or at risk for malnutrition. Selected imaging techniques have the additional advantage of identifying myosteatosis (an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality for surgical patients). Feasible pathways for screening and assessing frailty exist and may determine the cost/benefit of surgery, long‐term independence and productivity, and the value of undertaking targeted interventions. Finally, the evaluation of nutrition risk and status is essential to predict and mitigate surgical outcomes. Nascent to novel approaches are the future of objectively identifying patients at perioperative nutrition risk and guiding therapy toward optimal perioperative standards of care.
Nutrition issues in the general medical ward patient: From general screening to specific diagnosis and individualized treatment
Authors: Gressies Carla , Tribolet Pascal , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDisease‐related malnutrition in patients in the general medical ward remains a complex syndrome, which contributes to high morbidity and mortality, and seriously interferes with recovery from acute illness. Recently, there have been important advances in the development of consensus diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, and through the recent completion of large‐scale trials, the understanding of pathophysiological pathways and evidence‐based treatment algorithms to provide nutrition care to patients at risk for malnutrition in the hospital setting has advanced. There is need to identify more specific clinical parameters and blood biomarkers, which allow a more personalized approach to the malnourished patients, because not all patients show the same response to nutrition interventions. Recent studies have suggested that some nutrition biomarkers of inflammation, kidney function and muscle health, among others, predict treatment response to nutrition interventions and may help to personalize treatments. In addition to advancing the science, there is need for more education of students and treating teams in the hospital to improve the screening of patients at hospital admission regarding nutrition risk with the start of individualized nutrition support interventions, thereby bringing optimal nutrition care to the bedside.
Management of long‐term home parenteral nutrition: Historical perspective, common complications, and patient education and training
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Mohamed Elfadil Osman , Hurt Ryan T. , Bonnes Sara , Salonen Bradley R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntestinal failure (IF) is a rare disease that requires ongoing intravenous supplementation to sustain growth and health. Advancements in parenteral nutrition (PN) and central venous access in the 1960s and 1970s transformed a life‐limiting disease to a chronic one in which patients are able to administer hydration, electrolytes, micronutrients, and macronutrients in the comfort of their home. However, despite ongoing advancements in the field of home PN (HPN), complications—whether related to central venous catheters or PN itself—remain common and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Central venous access can be associated with thrombosis, central line–associated bloodstream infection, or damage and can result in loss of access over time. PN can be associated with IF‐associated liver disease or hyperglycemia. The key to preserving central venous access and quality of life and maintaining health for patients with chronic IF (CIF) is education focused on prevention and prompt management of CIF complications as they arise. This education typically takes place at the time of initiation of HPN, either in the hospital setting or in the patient's home. The present manuscript describes the historical progression of HPN, prevalence and characteristics of CIF, and an in‐depth discussion of the most common catheter‐related and PN‐related complications and their management, along with a discussion of our education and training process.
Nutrition for the high‐risk surgical patient, when they need it most: Question and answer session
Authors: Morrison Chet , Prado Carla M. , Wischmeyer Paul , Martindale Robert G. , Pimiento Jose , Katz Jennifer , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Patel Jayshil J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPatients requiring complex or extensive surgery are often at high risk for perioperative and postoperative nutrition risk. Despite published guidelines, providing adequate nutrition to these patients continues to remain a clinical challenge. Using the case of a patient with preoperative nutrition risk who will need to undergo timely cancer resectional surgery, speakers presenting at the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2022 Preconference discussed novel strategies to assess for nutrition risk, enhanced recovery after surgery, and preoperative and postoperative nutrition management in these often complex surgical patients.
Implementation of group cognitive processing therapy in correction centers: Anticipated determinants from formative evaluation
Authors: Zielinski Melissa J. , Allison M. Kathryn , Smith Mollee K. Steely , Curran Geoffrey , Kaysen Debra , Kirchner JoAnn E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNearly all people in prison have experienced trauma, and many meet the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Untreated PTSD increases the risk of substance use problems after release, contributing to a well‐documented cycle of trauma, addiction, and incarceration. However, evidence‐based, trauma‐focused therapy for PTSD is rarely offered in prisons, and there is little research that can guide implementation efforts. In preparation for an effectiveness–implementation hybrid II pilot trial examining group‐delivered cognitive processing therapy (CPT) in prisons, we conducted a formative evaluation using interviews structured according to the consolidated framework for implementation research (i.e., CFIR). Participants were correction center leadership, treatment staff, health care staff, and security staff (n = 22) and incarcerated persons (n = 14; 57.1% female). We found that CPT was highly compatible with residents’ needs and the centers’ available resources, culture, existing programs, and current workflow. CPT was also acceptable to all stakeholders. Potential barriers were the lower relative priority for CPT compared with programs that are reinforced at the system level, limited staff time to deliver CPT, limited staff knowledge about PTSD, and center features that could distract from CPT groups and/or training or be countertherapeutic. Taken together, CPT is a promising trauma‐focused therapy for corrections, but these findings underscore the importance of identifying and matching potential barriers to effective implementation strategies a priori and work in the policy arena to promote sustainability.
Exosomal miR‐181a‐5p derived from SAOS‐2 cells promotes macrophages M2 polarization by targeting RORA
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Guang , Deng Ming‐Si , Su Ji‐Qing , Liu Dong‐Biao , Zhou Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlthough the interaction between tumor cells and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) has been widely studied; however, the mechanism of osteosarcoma cells in regulating the polarization of TAMs remains unclear. Exosomes from SAOS‐2 cells were isolated and validated by electron microscopy and Western blot. Transfection of indicated plasmids was applied to modify the expressions of miR‐181a‐5p and RAR‐related orphan receptor alpha (RORA). Flow cytometric analysis was carried out to analyze M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to determine the levels of miR‐181a‐5p and RORA. Protein levels of CD63, CD81, RORA, CD163, CD206, IL‐10, CXCL10, and IL‐1β were evaluated by Western blot. The direct interaction of miR‐181a‐5p and RORA was validated by dual‐luciferase activity assay. The expression of miR‐181a‐5p was upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and presented in SAOS‐2‐derived exosomes. SAOS‐2‐derived exosomes promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages by transferring miR‐181a‐5p. In addition, RORA was downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and showed a negative correlation with miR‐181a‐5p. RORA was found to be the downstream target of miR‐181a‐5p in SAOS‐2 cells. Inhibition of RORA reversed the effects of miR‐181a‐5p knockdown on the polarization of M2 macrophages. The results showed that exosomal miR‐181a‐5p derived from osteosarcoma cells induced polarization of M2 macrophages via targeting RORA.
Rapidly Progressive Corticobasal Degeneration Mimicking Brainstem Encephalitis
Authors: Moura João , Oliveira Vanessa , Sardoeira Ana , Pinto Miguel , Gelpi Ellen , Taipa Ricardo , Santos Ernestina 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundCorticobasal degeneration (CBD) may have a rapidly progressive (RP) clinical course, mimicking other neurological conditions.ObjectivesTo describe a neuropathologically proven case of RP‐CBD in a patient initially diagnosed with immune‐mediated brainstem encephalitis.MethodsRetrospective data collection from electronic records and authorized video material.ResultsA 51‐year‐old man presented with bilateral ptosis, diplopia, and dysphagia. The diagnostic workup was negative for myasthenic syndromes. He progressively developed cognitive dysfunction with frontal release signs and asymmetric parkinsonism. Cerebrospinal fluid evaluation revealed 4 leukocytes/uL, 0.32 g/L proteins, 0.85 g/L glucose, and absent oligoclonal bands. Weakly positive anti‐PNMA2 (Ma2/Ta) antibodies were present, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a T2 hyperintensity involving the midbrain and pons. Based on these features, the diagnosis of immune‐mediated brainstem encephalitis was considered. The patient did not improve after several cycles of methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange. At 1 year after onset, he developed horizontal and vertical gaze limitation and worsening of the parkinsonism and cognitive dysfunction. By age 53, he was severely disabled, requiring percutaneous gastrostomy for feeding. Anti‐IgLON5 was negative. He fulfilled the clinical criteria for probable progressive supranuclear palsy. He died from pneumonia at age 54. The neuropathological examination revealed a 4‐repeat tauopathy with features of CBD with extensive involvement of the brainstem.ConclusionsRP‐CBD may resemble brainstem encephalitis. The severity of brainstem and upper spinal cord pathology in the postmortem examination correlated with the clinical and imaging features.
Nanotechnology‐based electrochemical biosensors for monitoring breast cancer biomarkers
Authors: Nasrollahpour Hassan , Khalilzadeh Balal , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Rahbarghazi Reza , Estrela Pedro , Naseri Abdolhossein , Tasoglu Savas , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is categorized as the most widespread cancer type among women globally. On‐time diagnosis can decrease the mortality rate by making the right decision in the therapy procedure. These features lead to a reduction in medication time and socioeconomic burden. The current review article provides a comprehensive assessment for breast cancer diagnosis using nanomaterials and related technologies. Growing use of the nano/biotechnology domain in terms of electrochemical nanobiosensor designing was discussed in detail. In this regard, recent advances in nanomaterial applied for amplified biosensing methodologies were assessed for breast cancer diagnosis by focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. We also monitored designing methods, advantages, and the necessity of suitable (nano) materials from a statistical standpoint. The main objective of this review is to classify the applicable biosensors based on breast cancer biomarkers. With numerous nano‐sized platforms published for breast cancer diagnosis, this review tried to collect the most suitable methodologies for detecting biomarkers and certain breast cancer cell types.
Reducing Sexual Orientation Discrimination: Experimental Evidence from Basic Information Treatments
Authors: Aksoy Cevat Giray , Carpenter Christopher S. , De Haas Ralph , Dolls Mathias , Windsteiger Lisa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study basic information treatments regarding sexual orientation using randomized experiments in three countries with strong and widespread anti‐gay attitudes: Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants who received information about the economic costs to society of sexual orientation discrimination were significantly more likely than those in a control group to support equal employment opportunities based on sexual orientation. Information that the World Health Organization (WHO) does not regard homosexuality as a mental illness increased social acceptance of sexual minorities, but only for those who reported trust in the WHO. Our results have important implications for policymakers aiming to expand the rights of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people worldwide.
Clinical/biochemical characteristics and related outcomes in people with new‐onset diabetes and COVID‐19: experience from a single centre
Authors: Moreno Diego Muñoz , Ramos Roberto José Añez , Fernández Laura González , Montenegro Alejandra Maricel Rivas , González María Miguélez , Torrecilla Noemí Brox , Albarrán Olga González 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aims: It is known that there is a bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). It has been described that those patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 could develop severe metabolic decompensation of pre‐existing or new‐onset DM, although diabetogenic effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 has still not been well consolidated. In fact, the coexistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and new‐onset DM is an infrequent situation.Methods: We describe the clinical and analytical characteristics of 19 patients admitted to a Spanish tertiary hospital – all 19 having COVID‐19 infection and new‐onset DM.Results: 12/19 patients (63.2%) were female; the mean age at diagnosis of DM was 54 (39–65) years. The most frequent ethnic group was Caucasian (n=9), followed by Latin‐American (n=7); 7/19 (36.8%) previously met criteria for prediabetes due to altered basal glycaemia or HbA1c. The mean BMI at diagnosis was 32.26kg/m2 (27.62–35.18kg/m2). Eighteen of 19 patients (94.7%) showed bilateral bronchopneumonia. The mean blood glucose of the first blood was 17.5mmol/L (11.1–21.1mmol/L), and the mean HbA1c was 88mmol/mol (60–115mmol/mol). C‐peptide was requested in eight patients and it was within normal range in 87.5% (n=7) and below the inferior threshold in one case. Autoantibodies were requested in 26.3% (five patients), being negative in 4/5 (80%) and positive in 1/5 (20%). Regarding the type of diabetes diagnosed, 18 were type 2 DM and only one case was diagnosed with type 1 DM. Seventeen had simple hyperglycaemia and two suffered a diabetic ketoacidosis. The mean HbA1c at 8.0 months (5.0–12.0 months) follow‐up was 42mmol/mol (40–49mmol/mol).Conclusion: The majority of those described had type 2 DM that appears to have been unmasked by the COVID‐19 infection, since they had high HbA1c and several risk factors for diabetes development, such as obesity and prediabetes. Most of them had their pancreatic reserve preserved, and this may suggest insulin resistance as the aetiology rather than direct beta‐cell damage. A good evolution of diabetes after hospital discharge was observed in the patients followed up at our centre. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Exhaustive mutational analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ORF3a: An essential component in the pathogen's infectivity cycle
Authors: Benazraf Amit , Arkin Isaiah T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDetailed knowledge of a protein's key residues may assist in understanding its function and designing inhibitors against it. Consequently, such knowledge of one of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)'s proteins is advantageous since the virus is the etiological agent behind one of the biggest health crises of recent times. To that end, we constructed an exhaustive library of bacteria differing from each other by the mutated version of the virus's ORF3a viroporin they harbor. Since the protein is harmful to bacterial growth due to its channel activity, genetic selection followed by deep sequencing could readily identify mutations that abolish the protein's function. Our results have yielded numerous mutations dispersed throughout the sequence that counteract ORF3a's ability to slow bacterial growth. Comparing these data with the conservation pattern of ORF3a within the coronavirinae provided interesting insights: Deleterious mutations obtained in our study corresponded to conserved residues in the protein. However, despite the comprehensive nature of our mutagenesis coverage (108 average mutations per site), we could not reveal all of the protein's conserved residues. Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that our study unearthed positions in the protein pertinent to channel activity, while other conserved residues may correspond to different functionalities of ORF3a. In conclusion, our study provides important information on a key component of SARS‐CoV‐2 and establishes a procedure to analyze other viroporins comprehensively.
Suspected adverse drug reactions of the type 2 antidiabetic drug class dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i): Can polypharmacology help explain?
Authors: Jones Lauren , Jones Alan M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo interpret the relationship between the polypharmacology of dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i) and their suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) profiles using a national registry. A retrospective investigation into the suspected ADR profile of four licensed DPP4i in the United Kingdom using the National MHRA Yellow Card Scheme and OpenPrescribing databases. Experimental data from the ChEMBL database alongside physiochemical (PC) and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles were extracted and interpreted. DPP4i show limited polypharmacology alongside low suspected ADR rates. We found a minimal statistical difference between the unique ADR profiles ascribed to the DPP4i except for total ADRs (χ2; p < .05). Alogliptin consistently showed the highest suspected ADR rate per 1 000 000 items prescribed. Saxagliptin showed the lowest suspected ADR rate across all organ classes but did not reach statistical difference (χ2; p > .05). We confirmed the Phase III clinical trial data that showed gastrointestinal and skin reactions are the most reported ADRs across the DPP4i class and postulated underlying mechanisms for this based on possible drug interactions. The main pharmacological mechanism behind the ADRs is attributed to interactions with DPP4 activity and/or structure homolog (DASH) proteins which augment the immune‐inflammatory modulation of DPP4.