bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One SMS a day keeps the stress away? A just‐in‐time planning intervention to reduce occupational stress among apprentices
Authors: Schenkel Konstantin , Haug Severin , Castro Raquel Paz , Lüscher Janina , Scholz Urte , Schaub Michael P. , Radtke Theda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground: Occupational stress is one of the main sources of stress in apprentices with physical and psychological health consequences. Just‐in‐time planning interventions (JITPIs) are one opportunity to deliver intervention components at the right times and locations to optimally support apprentices in stressful situations. The aim of this study was to test the proximal effect of a mobile phone‐delivered JITPI to reduce occupational stress in 386 apprentices within a planning intervention.Methods: An AB/BA crossover design in which participants were randomly allocated to (A) the planning intervention or (B) the assessment only condition was implemented.Results: The analyses of the study “ready4life”, multilevel modeling, revealed no significant effect of the planning intervention on occupational stress reduction.Conclusions: Possible reasons for the missing effect might be the low stress level of participants or the type of the intervention delivery. Since apprenticeships in Switzerland differ considerably, future studies should enable more adapted interventions for the apprentices and consider individual circumstances of stress. Further, the intervention should focus on apprentices with high occupational stress levels or a high‐risk of stress. Studies should investigate exactly when and why a person needs support regarding her/his occupational stress. Therefore, objective measurements of stress could be helpful.
Pharmacogenomic alerts: Developing guidance for use by healthcare professionals
Authors: Carter John‐Paul L. , Critchlow James , Jackson Sarah , Sanghvi Sonali , Feger Helene , Chaudhry Afzal , Foley Lorraine , Sofat Reecha 
Published: January 2022

AimsFor diseases with a genetic cause, genomics can deliver improved diagnostics and facilitate access to targeted treatments. Drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are often dependent on genetic variation underlying these processes. As pharmacogenomics comes of age, it may be the first way in which genomics is utilised at a population level. Still required is guidance and standards of how genomic information can be communicated within the health record, and how clinicians should be alerted to variation impacting the use of medicines.MethodsThe Professional Record Standards Body commissioned by NHS England developed guidance on using pharmacogenomics information in clinical practice. We conducted research with those implementing pharmacogenomics in England and internationally to produce guidance and recommendations for a systems‐based approach.ResultsA consensus viewpoint is that systems need to be in place to ensure the safe provision of pharmacogenomics information that is curated, actionable and up‐to‐date. Standards should be established with respect to notification and information exchange, which could impact new or existing prescribing and these must be in keeping with routine practice. Alerting systems should contribute to safer practices.ConclusionEnsuring pharmacogenetics information is available to make safer use of medicines will require a major effort, of which this guidance is a beginning. Standards are required to ensure useful genomic information within the health record can be communicated to clinicians in the right format and at the right times to be actioned successfully. A multidisciplinary group of stakeholders must be engaged in developing pharmacogenomic standards to support the most appropriate prescribing.
Distinguishing between depression in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression using magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review
Authors: Siegel‐Ramsay Jennifer E. , Bertocci Michele A. , Wu Bryan , Phillips Mary L. , Strakowski Stephen M. , Almeida Jorge R. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies comparing bipolar and unipolar depression characterize pathophysiological differences between these conditions. However, it is difficult to interpret the current literature due to differences in MRI modalities, analysis methods, and study designs.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of publications using MRI to compare individuals with bipolar and unipolar depression. We grouped studies according to MRI modality and task design. Within the discussion, we critically evaluated and summarized the functional MRI research and then further complemented these findings by reviewing the structural MRI literature.ResultsWe identified 88 MRI publications comparing participants with bipolar depression and unipolar depressive disorder. Compared to individuals with unipolar depression, participants with bipolar disorder exhibited heightened function, increased within network connectivity, and reduced grey matter volume in salience and central executive network brain regions. Group differences in default mode network function were less consistent but more closely associated with depressive symptoms in participants with unipolar depression but distractibility in bipolar depression.ConclusionsWhen comparing mood disorder groups, the neuroimaging evidence suggests that individuals with bipolar disorder are more influenced by emotional and sensory processing when responding to their environment. In contrast, depressive symptoms and neurofunctional response to emotional stimuli were more closely associated with reduced central executive function and less adaptive cognitive control of emotionally oriented brain regions in unipolar depression. Researchers now need to replicate and refine network‐level trends in these heterogeneous mood disorders and further characterize MRI markers associated with early disease onset, progression, and recovery.
Late‐onset hearing loss case associated with a heterozygous truncating variant of DIAPH1
Authors: Kim Bong Jik , Miyoshi Takushi , Chaudhry Taimur , Friedman Thomas B. , Choi Byung Yoon , Ueyama Takehiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiaphanous‐related formin 1 (DIAPH1) is a formin homology F‐actin elongating protein encoded by DIAPH1. Homozygous recessive variants resulting in the loss of DIAPH1 function cause seizures, cortical blindness, and microcephaly syndrome (SCBMS), but hearing loss has not been reported. In contrast, dominant variants of human DIAPH1 are associated with DFNA1 non‐syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. The deafness phenotype is due partly to abnormal F‐actin elongation activity caused by disruption of the DIAPH1 autoinhibitory mechanism. We report an elderly female heterozygous for the c.3145C>T: p.R1049X variant who showed late‐onset sensorineural hearing loss in her fifth decade. p.R1049X lacks F‐actin elongation activity because this variant truncates one‐third of the FH2 domain, which is vital for DIAPH1 dimerization and processive F‐actin elongation activity. Concordantly, no increase of F‐actin or processive F‐actin elongation activity was observed after overexpression of p.R1049X DIAPH1 in HeLa cells or by single‐molecule microscopy using Xenopus XTC cells. However, overexpression of the p.R1049X variant impairs formation of cell–cell junctions and mitosis. We speculate that late‐onset hearing loss is a long‐term consequence of heterozygosity for the recessive p.R1049X variant, a phenotype that may have been overlooked among carriers of other recessive alleles of DIAPH1.
Risk assessment of venous thromboembolism and bleeding in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Wang Lan , Zhao Lan , Li Feng , Liu Ji , Zhang Li , Li Qiuhong , Gu Jin , Liang Shuo , Zhao Qinhua , Liu Jinmin , Xu Jin‐fu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a newly recognized illness that has spread rapidly all over the world. More and more reports highlight the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID‐19. Our study aims to identify in‐hospital VTE risk and bleeding risk in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 138 consecutively enrolled patients with COVID‐19 and identified in‐hospital VTE and bleeding risk by Padua Prediction Score and Improve bleed risk assessment model. The clinical data and features were analyzed in VTE patients.ResultsOur findings identified that 23 (16.7%) patients with COVID‐19 were at high risk for VTE according to Padua prediction score and 9 (6.5%) patients were at high risk of bleeding for VTE prophylaxis according to Improve prediction score. Fifteen critically ill patients faced double high risk from thrombosis (Padua score more than 4 points in all 15 [100%] patients) and hemorrhage (Improve score more than 7 points in 9 [60.0%] patients). Thrombotic events were identified in four patients (2.9%) of all COVID‐19 patients. All of them were diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis by ultrasound 3 to 18 days after admission. Three (75.0%) were critically ill patients, which means that the incidence of VTE among critically ill patients was 20%. One major hemorrhage happened in critically ill patients during VTE treatment.ConclusionCritically ill patients with COVID‐19 suffered both a high risk of thrombosis and bleeding risks. More effective VTE prevention strategies based on an individual assessment of bleeding risks were necessary for critically ill patients with COVID‐19.
Prevalence of tobacco smoking and its socioeconomic determinants
Authors: Mahdaviazad Hamideh , Foroutan Reza , Masoompour Seyed Masoom 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe epidemic tobacco use is a public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco use and its socioeconomic determinants in the city of Shiraz, Iran.MethodsIn total, 5873 adults aged 20 and older were included in this study from the city of Shiraz, Iran, from June to October 2015. The sampling was conducted using the stratified random sampling method. Active cigarette, hookah, and second‐hand smokers were labeled as tobacco users in this study. Past smokers and non‐smokers were labeled as non‐tobacco users. The participants' socioeconomic status (SES) was determined based on their self‐reported level of education, occupation, income, and residence.ResultsIn this study, 35.4% of the participants were tobacco users. The prevalence of active cigarette, active hookah, dual‐users, and secondhand smokers was 13.3%, 8.3%, 0.4%, and 13.4%, respectively. The prevalence of tobacco use was highest among individuals with primary education level (40.9%), manual jobs (46.4%), lowest income level (38.1%), and those living in the suburban areas (36.4%). In multivariate analysis, the most socioeconomic factors related to tobacco usage were lack of academic education, manual job, and low‐income level.ConclusionsTobacco control efforts should be more focused on vulnerable groups of cigarette and hookah users in the southwest of Iran. Moreover, SES and reduction of health‐related disparities and inequality should be considered a crucial concern in this regard.
Effect of remote limb ischemic post‐conditioning on the expression of miR‐21‐5p/PirB in the brain of rats with focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Jiao Yiming , Wang Jinlan , Xue Mengzhou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCerebral ischemia causes great damage to ischemic brain regions. Remote limb post‐conditioning (RLIPostC) has neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia. Paired immunoglobulin receptor B (PirB) has been confirmed to affect the cerebral ischemia injury. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanism of RLIPostC on cerebral ischemia injury. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats, followed by RLIPostC (by blocking the blood flow in the distal limb for 10 min after MCAO, and restored for 10 min, three cycles), or in vivo lentivirus infection of miR‐21‐5p agomir, sh‐PirB and oe‐PirB. The locomotor abilities were assessed using the foot fault test and balance beam walking test at 48 h, 7 and 21 days after operation, and neurological function was measured on day 21. The cerebral infarct area, Nissl bodies and the pathology of brain tissues were examined using histological staining, followed by the assessment of miR‐21‐5p and PirB levels and the binding relationship between miR‐21‐5p and PirB. miR‐21‐5p was poorly expressed in MCAO rats. Both RLIPostC and overexpression of miR‐21‐5p reduced motor dysfunction, neurological function score, cerebral infarction area and brain edema; increased Nissl bodies in MCAO rats and thus alleviated the brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia. RLIPostC promoted miR‐21‐5p expression. PirB was highly expressed in cerebral ischemia, and miR‐21‐5p targeted PirB. Overall, RLIPostC promotes miR‐21‐5p expression and then inhibits PirB to alleviate cerebral ischemia injury, which provides theoretical basis for basic research on motor dysfunction and neuron injury after cerebral ischemia and the development of neuroscience.
Long‐lasting housing environment manipulation and acute loss of environmental enrichment impact BALB/c mice behaviour in multiple functional domains
Authors: Sukegawa Momoe , Yoshihara Toru , Hou Shengqun , Asano Masahide , Hannan Anthony J. , Wang Dan Ohtan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding environmental influences on individuals' behaviour is challenging. Here we have investigated the housing impact of 9 weeks of enriched environment (EE) and social isolation (SI) and the impact of abrupt deprivation of EE (enrichment removal: ER) on BALB/c mice. Compared with the widely used C57BL/6 strain in research, BALB/c synthesises serotonin less efficiently due to a genetic variation and thus may potentially represent human populations at higher risk of stress‐related disorders. We assessed the effects of EE and SI by conducting a behavioural test battery and the effects of acute ER by monitoring homecage activities and social behaviour. We found that EE and SI impact BALB/c's physiological states and behavioural performances from lower to higher cognitive processes: increased body weight, increased rectal temperature, altered performance in motor and sensory tasks, the activity level in a novel environment and altered performance in tests of anxiety‐like behaviour, stress‐coping strategies and learning and memory. Furthermore, acute ER triggered stress/frustration‐like behaviour in BALB/c, with increased aggression, increased social distancing and disrupted daily/nightly activities. Our results demonstrate that long‐lasting housing manipulation such as EE and SI, impact behaviour via multilayered processes over a wide range of functional domains, and unforeseen change to a negative environment, ER, is a major stressor that causes behavioural and psychological consequences through environment–gene interactions, a model of direct relevance to human health.
Investigating the Split‐Attention Effect in Computer‐Based Assessment: Spatial Integration and Interactive Signaling Approaches
Authors: Moon Jung Aa , Lindner Marlit Annalena , Arslan Burcu , Keehner Madeleine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany test items use both an image and text, but present them in a spatially separate manner. This format could potentially cause a split‐attention effect in which the test taker's cognitive load is increased by having to split attention between the image and text, while mentally integrating the two sources of information. We investigated the split‐attention effect in computer‐based assessment by implementing: (a) spatial integration which embeds text information into a diagram as labels, and (b) interactive signaling which highlights a segment of a diagram when test takers hover their mouse over an answer option that refers to the relevant segment. Adult participants solved computer‐based geometry items in which spatial integration was used as a within‐subject variable and interactive signaling was used as a between‐subject variable. The main findings showed that, compared with the nonintegrated and nonsignaled items, (a) spatial integration significantly increased item‐solving efficiency indicated by reduced time on task, especially for test takers who had higher prior knowledge, and (b) interactive signaling increased item‐solving efficiency only in the spatially integrated items. The current findings suggest that applying multimedia design principles for reducing split‐attention to test item design could potentially reduce test takers’ construct‐irrelevant cognitive load in computer‐based assessment.
Multiple cerebral cavernous malformations: Clinical course of confirmed, assumed and non‐familial disease
Authors: Santos Alejandro N. , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Saban Dino , Chen Bixia , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Herten Annika , Gull Hanah Hadice , Rieß Christoph , Deuschl Cornelius , Schmidt Börge , Jabbarli Ramazan , Wrede Karsten H. , Zhu Yuan , Frank Benedikt , Sure Ulrich , Dammann Philipp 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeAnalyze and compare the natural course of confirmed familial cerebral cavernous malformation (FCCM), assumed FCCM and non‐familial multiple cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) disease over a 5‐year period.MethodsOur institutional database was screened for patients with CCM admitted between 2003 and 2020. Patients with complete magnetic resonance imaging dataset, evidence of multiple CCM, clinical baseline characteristics, and follow‐up examination were included. Patients were separated into confirmed familial cases, assumed familial cases or non‐familial multiple cavernous malformations. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5‐year risk for hemorrhage and recurrent hemorrhage.ResultsA total of 238 patients with multiple CCM were analyzed; 90 individuals had a confirmed FCCM disease, 115 an assumed FCCM, and 33 were allocated to the non‐FCCM group. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) as mode of presentation (p = 0.001) as a predictor for occurrence of recurrent hemorrhage during the 5‐year follow‐up (FU). The cumulative 5‐year risk of (re)bleeding was 21.6% for the entire cohort, 30.7% for patients with ICH at diagnosis, 22.1% for those patients with a confirmed diagnosis of FCCM, 23.5% for those with an assumed FCCM, and 21% for the non‐FCCM cases.ConclusionsFCCM patients with ICH at diagnosis are prone to develop rebleeding. During untreated 5‐year FU, FCCM patients and patients with sporadic multiple CCM reveal an almost equal susceptibility for (re)hemorrhage. Moreover, confirmed, assumed and non‐FCCM patients showed an equal cumulative 5‐year risk of symptomatic ICH. The probability of hemorrhage tends to increase over time, particularly in cases with ICH at presentation.
Bank lending networks and the propagation of natural disasters
Authors: Ivanov Ivan T. , Macchiavelli Marco , Santos João A. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study how syndicated lending networks propagate natural disasters. Natural disasters lead to an increase in corporate credit demand in affected regions. Banks meet the increase in credit demand in part by reducing credit to distant regions, unaffected by disasters. Capital constraints play a key role in this effect as lower‐capital banks propagate disasters to unaffected regions to a greater extent. While shadow banks offset the reduction in bank credit supply on term loan syndicates, they do not offset the loss in credit line financing. As a result, corporate credit in unaffected regions falls by approximately 3%.
Unraveling a century of global change impacts on winter bird distributions in the eastern United States
Authors: Saunders Sarah P. , Meehan Timothy D. , Michel Nicole L. , Bateman Brooke L. , DeLuca William , Deppe Jill L. , Grand Joanna , LeBaron Geoffrey S. , Taylor Lotem , Westerkam Henrik , Wu Joanna X. , Wilsey Chad B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the most pressing questions in ecology and conservation centers on disentangling the relative impacts of concurrent global change drivers, climate and land‐use/land‐cover (LULC), on biodiversity. Yet studies that evaluate the effects of both drivers on species’ winter distributions remain scarce, hampering our ability to develop full‐annual‐cycle conservation strategies. Additionally, understanding how groups of species differentially respond to climate versus LULC change is vital for efforts to enhance bird community resilience to future environmental change. We analyzed long‐term changes in winter occurrence of 89 species across nine bird groups over a 90‐year period within the eastern United States using Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) data. We estimated variation in occurrence probability of each group as a function of spatial and temporal variation in winter climate (minimum temperature, cumulative precipitation) and LULC (proportion of group‐specific and anthropogenic habitats within CBC circle). We reveal that spatial variation in bird occurrence probability was consistently explained by climate across all nine species groups. Conversely, LULC change explained more than twice the temporal variation (i.e., decadal changes) in bird occurrence probability than climate change on average across groups. This pattern was largely driven by habitat‐constrained species (e.g., grassland birds, waterbirds), whereas decadal changes in occurrence probabilities of habitat‐unconstrained species (e.g., forest passerines, mixed habitat birds) were equally explained by both climate and LULC changes over the last century. We conclude that climate has generally governed the winter occurrence of avifauna in space and time, while LULC change has played a pivotal role in driving distributional dynamics of species with limited and declining habitat availability. Effective land management will be critical for improving species’ resilience to climate change, especially during a season of relative resource scarcity and critical energetic trade‐offs.
Deforestation‐free land‐use change and organic matter‐centered management improve the C footprint of oil palm expansion
Authors: Quezada Juan Carlos , Guillaume Thomas , Poeplau Christopher , Ghazoul Jaboury , Buttler Alexandre 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, mounting evidence has indicated that the expansion of oil palm (OP) plantations at the expense of tropical forest has had a far pernicious effect on ecosystem aspects. While various deforestation‐free strategies have been proposed to enhance OP sustainability, field‐based evidence still need to be consolidated, in particular with respect to savanna regions where OP expansion has recently occurred and that present large area with potential for OP cultivation. Here we show that the common management practice creating within the plantation the so‐called management zones explained nearly five times more variability of soil biogeochemical properties than the savanna land‐use change per se. We also found that clayey‐soil savanna conversion into OP increased total ecosystem C stocks by 40 ± 13 Mg C ha−1 during a full OP cultivation cycle, which was due to the higher OP‐derived C accumulated in the biomass and in the soil as compared to the loss of savanna‐derived C. In addition, application of organic residues in specific management zones enhanced the accumulation of soil organic carbon by up to 1.9 Mg ha−1 year−1 over the full cycle. Within plantation, zones subjected to organic amendments sustained similar soil microbial activity as in neighboring savannas. Our findings represent an empirical proof‐of‐concept that the conversion of non‐forested land in parallel with organic matter‐oriented management strategies can enhance OP agroecosystems C sink capacity while promoting microbe‐mediated soil functioning. Nonetheless, savannas are unique and threatened ecosystems that support a vast biodiversity. Therefore, we suggest to give priority attention to conservation of natural savannas and direct more research toward the impacts of the conversion and subsequent management of degraded savannas.