bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE CHARGE-DISCHARGE DEVICE SYSTEM FOR HIGH-CAPACITY LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES IN THE BATTERY CELL CURRENT STABILIZATION MODE
Authors: Сушкевич Н.В. , Казаковцев Л.А. 
Published: March 2022

Зарядно-разрядное устройство (ЗРУ) используется для проведения ресурсных испытаний аккумуляторных батарей. В данной статье проведен анализ устойчивости системы ЗРУ в режиме стабилизации тока аккумуляторного элемента, произведен расчет корректирующего устройства и разработана методика синтеза ЗРУ.
The charge-discharge device (ZRU) is used for life tests of storage batteries. In this article, the stability analysis of the ZRU system in the mode of stabilization of the battery cell current is analyzed, a correction device is calculated and a method for the synthesis of the ZRU is developed.
Possible methods and approaches for verification of undeclared and decommissioned sites for verifying nuclear disarmament, the reasons to employ them, and the dissemination of findings
Authors: Várdai Mihail 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe future verification of the nuclear disarmament poses different challenges. The International Partnership for Nuclear Disarmament Verification is working on these challenges. The verification methods and approaches are very different so they can greatly influence the outcome of the inspection activities.MethodsThese methods and approaches can be identified in other, already functioning arms control arrangements and confidence and security building measures. The methods and approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, so the planning of different verification activities have to take into account these aspects.ResultsThe future nuclear disarmament verification can be achieved by combining the methods of verification. The availability of technology also can contribute for verification of nuclear disarmament without entering sensitive areas, thus the states can comply with the provisions of the Non-proliferation Treaty. The use of different sensors for verification can complement the on-site inspection activities by providing for the inspectors data on the outline of specific site. After the certification of the sensors, states can use those under specific information barriers. The recording of findings of a verification activity also important for planning future inspection missions, and in case of non-compliance they can be used as factual evidence in different negotiations.ConclusionsFor this purpose the network maintained by the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe can be viewed as a model that ensures the confidentiality of the notifications.
Edukasi Pengetahun dan Pelatihan Bantuan Hidup Dasar Pada Siswa Remaja SMA Negeri 3 Kotamobagu
Authors: Watung Grace  Irene Viodyta 
Published: March 2022

Individu dan kelompok atau masyarakat awam juga saat ini dituntut untuk mampu memberikan pertolongan segera jika menghadapi kondisi kegawatdaruratan. Agar dapat memberikan pertolongan sesuai prosedur maka perlu diberikan pembekalan tentang Bantuan Hidup Dasar. Siswa SMA N 3 Kotamobagu adalah remaja yang memiliki potensi untuk diberikan Pelatihan. Berbekal telah terbentuk Tim atau kelompok Kader KKR (Kader Kesehatan Remaja) namun belum memiliki pengetahuan dan perlu dibekali tentang BHD. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi siswa SMAN 3 Kotamobagu mengenai Bantuan Hidup dasar pada kasus gawat darurat. Metode yang digunakan adalah Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah interaktif dan tanya jawab, metode pre test, intervensi dan post test. Hasil penyuluhan dan pelatihan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan tentang Bantuan Hidup Dasar dan peningkatan keterampilan memberikan BHD. Perlunya dilakukan penyuluhan dan sosialisasi secara berkesinambungan dari pihak sekolah khususnya dalam hal Bantuan Hidup Dasar.
Keywords: Edukasi, Pengetahuan, Pelatihan, Bantuan Hidup Dasar.
Penguatan Kelembagaan Usaha Sebagai Kekuatan Ekonomi Kelompok Tani Untuk Berwirausaha Di Nagari Jorong Gantiang
Authors: Hasan Lenny , Ifebri Rihan , Ramadhania Ramadhania 
Published: March 2022

Kompetensi kewirausahaan dalam usaha tani juga berarti bahwa adanya diversifikasi usaha hilir dengan kegiatan non pertanian seperti pariwisata, perawatan dan kontraktor mesin-mesin pertanian. Pengabdian yang dilakukan ini berhubungan dengan petani dalam usaha taninya, diharapkan petani yang sudah tergabung dalam kelompok tani dapat memperkuat kelembagaannya untuk mendukung kinerja usaha taninya. Kelompok tani sebagai pelaku utama menjadi salah satu kelembagaan pertanian yang berperan penting dan menjadi ujung tombak dalam pembangunan pertanian. Kelompok tani sudah banyak dibentuk pada setiap daerah di Indonesia, namun dengan terbentuknya kelompok tani perlu dilakukan penguatan kelompok untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Salah satu kelompok tani yang menjadi objek pengabdian adalah kelompok tani sakinah yang berada di Jorong Gantiang Nagari Taram Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Metode kegiatan pengabdian pertama, sosialisasi kepada para petani yang tergabung dalam kelompok tani Sakinah, untuk meningkatkan pemahaman serta kesadaran petani dalam berwirausaha. Kedua, pendampingan bagi anggota kelompok tani dalam kegiatan usaha taninya terutama yang berhubungan dengan perekonomian kelompok tani (ekonomi kelembagaan). Hasil dari pengabdian diperoleh pertama, modal sosial dalam kelompok tani dapat memperkuat kekompakan dan tanggung jawab antar anggota untuk mencapai tujuan dan kesejahteraan anggota. Kedua, penguatan pemahaman pentingnya pengelolaan administrasi kelompok tani, penguatan pemahaman pentingnya pengelolaan keuangan usaha tani, penguatan pemahaman teknis pengelolaan keuangan usaha tani, Penguatan pemahaman teknik perencanaan keuangan usaha tani mulai dari proses pembibitan hingga pasca panen. Ketiga, penguatan kelembagaan sebagai kewirausahaan ini diharapkan berdampak kepada masyarakat secara langsung bisa berupa kemajuan dalam pola pikir dan pola gerak (aksi) masyarakat. Kemajuan pola pikir petani ini akan membuat petani semakin intens dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam menghadapi usahanya.
Kata Kunci: Kelembagaan Usaha, Kekuatan Ekonomi, Kelompok Tani, Wirausaha
Rancangan Pembukuan Sederhana bagi Industri Rumahan Rintisan Anak-Anak LKSA Ananda Seva Dharma
Authors: Trisnawati Ni Luh De Erik , Sukreni Ni Komang , Widiastina Gede 
Published: March 2022

B’onic Food sebagai bisnis rumahan yang dirintis LKSA Ananda Seva Dharma sebagai wadah anak-anak untuk mengembangkan kemampuan wirausahanya, ternyata menghadapi permasalahan kesulitan perhitungan harga pokok produksi dan penyusunan pembukuan. Ketidakmampuan dalam menghitung harga pokok produk berdampak pada sulitnya menentukan harga jual, sedangkan keterbatasan pengetahuan dalam hal pencatatan keuangan menyebabkan mereka tidak mampu menyusun pembukuan. Maka solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah memberikan pelatihan perhitungan harga pokok produksi dan penyusunan pembukuan sederhana. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan langsung kepada mitra. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan pengelola usaha rumahan B’onic Food rintisan anak-anak LKSA Ananda Seva Dharma, dalam menghitung harga pokok produksi dan menyusun pembukuan sederhana. Hal ini juga ternyata sangat berdampak pada semangat wirausaha anak-anak LKSA Ananda Seva Dharma dalam mengelola usaha rumahan ini. Ketika mereka akhirnya mampu mengetahui jumlah penjualan dan keuntungan yang diperoleh, anak-anak mulai lebih bersemangat untuk secara bersama-sama menyusun strategi untuk meningkatkan pemasaran produknya.

Keywords: LKSA, Industri Rumahan, Pembukuan Sederhana;
Analysis of Cointegration and VECM of FDI, Labor Force, Government Expenditure and GDP in Indonesia (2005-2019)
Authors: Indrajaya Danang 
Published: March 2022

This paper studied the effect of labor force, government expenditure and FDI on GDP of Indonesia (2005-2019) by cointegration analysis and VECM. In the short-term, GDP, labor force and government expenditure significantly affect GDP of Indonesia, while FDI does not significantly affect Indonesia’s GDP. However, in the long term, GDP, labor force, government expenditure and FDI have a significant affect GDP of Indonesia. The government must ensure that there are no shocks in GDP, labor force, government expenditure and FDI of Indonesia. Because any shocks that occur in these variables will also have an impact on the GDP of Indonesia.

Keywords: GDP, Labor Force, FDI, Government Expenditure
Temporal Variations of the Three Geomagnetic Field Components at Colaba Observatory around the Carrington Storm in 1859
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Nevanlinna Heikki , Blake Séan P. , Ebihara Yusuke , Bhaskar Ankush T. , Miyoshi Yoshizumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Carrington storm in 1859 September has been arguably identified as the greatest geomagnetic storm ever recorded. However, its exact magnitude and chronology remain controversial, while their source data have been derived from the Colaba H magnetometer in India. Here, we have located the Colaba 1859 yearbook, containing hourly measurements and spot measurements. We have reconstructed the Colaba geomagnetic disturbances in the horizontal component (ΔH), the eastward component (ΔY), and the vertical component (ΔZ) around the time of the Carrington storm. On their basis, we have chronologically revised the interplanetary coronal mass ejection transit time as ≤17.1 hr and located the ΔH peak at 06:20—06:25 UT, revealing a magnitude discrepancy between the hourly and spot measurements (−1691 nT versus −1263 nT). Furthermore, we have newly derived the time series of ΔY and ΔZ, which peaked at ΔY ≈ 378 nT (05:50 UT) and 377 nT (06:25 UT), and ΔZ ≈ −173 nT (06:40 UT). We have also computed their hourly averages and removed their solar quiet field variations in each geomagnetic component to derive their hourly disturbance variations (Dist) with latitudinal weighting. Our calculations have resulted in disturbance variations with latitudinal weighting of Dist Y ≈ 328 nT and Dist Z ≈ −36 nT, and three scenarios of Dist H ≈ −918, −979, and −949 nT, which also approximate the minimum Dst. These data may suggest preconditioning of the geomagnetic field after the August storm (ΔH ≤ −570 nT), which made the September storm even more geoeffective.
A Census of the Bright z = 8.5–11 Universe with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes in the CANDELS Fields
Authors: Finkelstein Steven L. , Bagley Micaela , Song Mimi , Larson Rebecca , Papovich Casey , Dickinson Mark , Finkelstein Keely D. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Pirzkal Norbert , Somerville Rachel S. , Yung L. Y. Aaron , Behroozi Peter , Ferguson Harry , Giavalisco Mauro , Grogin Norman , Hathi Nimish , Hutchison Taylor A. , Jung Intae , Kocevski Dale , Kawinwanichakij Lalitwadee , Rojas-Ruiz Sofía , Ryan Russell , Snyder Gregory F. , Tacchella Sandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present the results from a new search for candidate galaxies at z ≈ 8.5–11 discovered over the 850 arcmin2 area probed by the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We use a photometric-redshift selection including both Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescope photometry to robustly identify galaxies in this epoch at H
160 < 26.6. We use a detailed vetting procedure, including screening against persistence and stellar contamination, and the inclusion of ground-based imaging and follow-up Hubble Space Telescope imaging to build a robust sample of 11 candidate galaxies, three presented here for the first time. The inclusion of Spitzer/IRAC photometry in the selection process reduces contamination, and yields more robust redshift estimates than Hubble alone. We constrain the evolution of the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function via a new method of calculating the observed number densities without choosing a prior magnitude bin size. We find that the abundance at our brightest probed luminosities (M
UV = − 22.3) is consistent with predictions from simulations that assume that galaxies in this epoch have gas depletion times at least as short as those in nearby starburst galaxies. Due to large Poisson and cosmic variance uncertainties, we cannot conclusively rule out either a smooth evolution of the luminosity function continued from z = 4–8, or an accelerated decline at z > 8. We calculate that the presence of seven galaxies in a single field Extended Groth Strip is an outlier at the 2σ significance level, implying the discovery of a significant over-density. These scenarios will be imminently testable to high confidence within the first year of observations of the James Webb Space Telescope.
Standing Sausage Perturbations in Solar Coronal Loops with Diffuse Boundaries: An Initial Value Problem Perspective
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Shao-Xia , Li Ao-Long 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Working in pressureless magnetohydrodynamics, we examine the consequences of some peculiar dispersive properties of linear fast sausage modes (FSMs) in one-dimensional cylindrical equilibria with a continuous radial density profile (ρ
0(r)). As recognized recently on solid mathematical grounds, cutoff axial wavenumbers may be absent for FSMs when ρ
0(r) varies sufficiently slowly outside the nominal cylinder. Trapped modes may therefore exist for arbitrary axial wavenumbers and density contrasts, their axial phase speeds in the long-wavelength regime differing little from the external Alfvén speed. If these trapped modes indeed show up in the solutions to the associated initial value problem (IVP), then FSMs have a much better chance to be observed than expected with classical theory and can be invoked to account for a considerably broader range of periodicities than practiced. However, with axial fundamentals in active region loops as an example, we show that this long-wavelength expectation is not seen in our finite-difference solutions to the IVP, the reason for which is then explored by superposing the necessary eigenmodes to construct solutions to the same IVP. At least for the parameters we examine, the eigenfunctions of trapped modes are characterized by a spatial extent well exceeding the observationally reasonable range of the spatial extent of initial perturbations, meaning a negligible fraction of energy that a trapped mode can receive. We conclude that the absence of cutoff wavenumbers for FSMs in the examined equilibrium does not guarantee a distinct temporal behavior.
Numerical Solutions of the External Field Effect on the Radial Acceleration in Disk Galaxies
Authors: Chae Kyu-Hyun , Milgrom Mordehai 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)-based theories, the strong equivalence principle is generically broken in an idiosyncratic manner, manifested in the action of an “external field effect” (EFE). The internal dynamics in a self-gravitating system is affected even by a constant external field. In disk galaxies, the EFE can induce warps and modify the rotational speeds. Due to the nonlinearity of MOND, it is difficult to derive analytic expressions of this important effect in a disk. Here we study numerically the EFE in two nonrelativistic Lagrangian theories of MOND: the “Aquadratic–Lagrangian” theory (AQUAL) and “Quasilinear MOND” (QUMOND). For AQUAL, we consider only the axisymmetric field configurations with the external field along the disk axis, or a spherical galaxy with test-particle orbits inclined to the external field. For the more manageable QUMOND, we also calculate the three-dimensional field configurations, with the external field inclined to the disk axis. We investigate in particular to what degree an external field modifies the quasi-flat part of rotation curves. While our QUMOND results agree well with published numerical results in QUMOND, we find that AQUAL predicts weaker EFE than published AQUAL results. However, AQUAL still predicts stronger EFE than QUMOND, which demonstrates current theoretical uncertainties. We also illustrate how the MOND prediction on the rising part of the rotation curve, in the inner parts, depends largely on disk thickness but only weakly on a plausible external field for a fixed galaxy model. Finally, we summarize our results for the outer parts as an improved, approximate analytic expression.
Thermal Processing of Jupiter-family Comets during Their Chaotic Orbital Evolution
Authors: Gkotsinas Anastasios , Guilbert-Lepoutre Aurélie , Raymond Sean N. , Nesvorny David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evidence for cometary activity beyond Jupiter’s and Saturn’s orbits—such as that observed for Centaurs and long-period comets—suggests that the thermal processing of comet nuclei starts long before they enter the inner solar system, where they are typically observed and monitored. Such observations raise questions as to the depth of unprocessed material and whether the activity of Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) can be representative of any primitive material. Here we model the coupled thermal and dynamical evolution of JFCs, from the moment they leave their outer solar system reservoirs until their ejection into interstellar space. We apply a thermal evolution model to a sample of simulated JFCs obtained from dynamical simulations that successfully reproduce the orbital distribution of observed JFCs. We show that due to the stochastic nature of comet trajectories toward the inner solar system, all simulated JFCs undergo multiple heating episodes resulting in significant modifications of their initial volatile contents. A statistical analysis constrains the extent of such processing. We suggest that primordial condensed hypervolatile ices should be entirely lost from the layers that contribute to cometary activity observed today. Our results demonstrate that understanding the orbital (and thus, heating) history of JFCs is essential when putting observations in a broader context.
A Solar-cycle Study of Coronal Rotation: Large Variations, Rapid Changes, and Implications for Solar-wind Models
Authors: Edwards Liam , Kuridze David , Williams Thomas , Morgan Huw 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Information on the rotation rate of the corona, and its variation over latitude and solar cycle, is valuable for making global connections between the corona and the Sun, for global estimates of reconnection rates and as a basic parameter for solar-wind modeling. Here, we use a time series of tomographical maps gained from coronagraph observations between 2007 and 2020 to directly measure the longitudinal drift of high-density streamers over time. The method reveals abrupt changes in rotation rates, revealing a complex relationship between the coronal rotation and the underlying photosphere. The majority of rates are between −1.°0 to +0.°5 day−1 relative to the standard Carrington rate of 14.°18 day−1, although rates are measured as low as −2.°2 day−1 and as high as 1.°6 day−1. Equatorial rotation rates during the 2008 solar minimum are slightly faster than the Carrington rate, with an abrupt switch to slow rotation in 2009, then a return to faster rates in 2017. Abrupt changes and large variations in rates are seen at all latitudes. Comparison with a magnetic model suggests that periods of equatorial fast rotation are associated with times when a large proportion of the magnetic footpoints of equatorial streamers are near the equator, and we interpret the abrupt changes in terms of the latitudinal distribution of the streamer photospheric footpoints. The coronal rotation rate is a key parameter for solar-wind models, and variations of up to a degree per day or more can lead to large systematic errors over forecasting periods of longer than a few days. The approach described in this paper gives corrected values that can form a part of future forecasting efforts.
Observations of Extremely Strong Magnetic Fields in Active Region NOAA 12673 Using GST Magnetic Field Measurement
Authors: Lozitsky Vsevolod , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Ahn Kwangsu , Wang Haimin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a detailed study of very strong magnetic fields in the NOAA Active Region (AR) 12673, which was the most flare productive AR in solar cycle 24. It produced four X-class flares including the X9.3 flare on 2017 September 6 and the X8.2 limb event on September 10. Our analysis is based on direct measurements of full Zeeman splitting of the Fe i 1564.85 nm line using all Stokes I, Q, U, and V profiles. This approach allowed us to obtain reliable estimates of the magnitude of magnetic fields independent of the filling factor and atmosphere models. Thus, the strongest fields up to 5.5 kG were found in a light bridge (LB) of a spot, while in the dark umbra magnetic fields did not exceed 4 kG. In the case of the LB, the magnitude of the magnetic field is not related to the underlying continuum intensity, while in the case of umbral fields we observed a well-known anticorrelation between the continuum intensity and the field magnitude. In this study, the LB was cospatial with a polarity inversion line of δ-sunspot, and we speculate that the 5.5 kG strong horizontal fields may be associated with a compact twisted flux rope at or near the photosphere. A comparison of the depth of the Zeeman π and σ components showed that in the LB magnetic fields are, on average, more horizontal than those in the dark umbra.
The Habitable Zones of Rapidly Rotating Main Sequence A/F Stars
Authors: Ahlers John P. , Fromont Emeline F. , Kopparappu Ravi , Cauley P. Wilson , Haqq-Misra Jacob 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate how rapid stellar rotation commonly seen in A/F stars can influence planet habitability. Specifically, we model how rapid rotation influences a planet’s irradiation and determine the location of the habitable zone for stars in the mass range 1.3 M
⊙ ≤ M
⋆ ≤ 2.2 M
⊙. Rapid stellar rotation can dramatically change a star’s luminosity and spectral energy distribution, and therefore can affect the habitability of any surrounding planets. Stars of mass M
⋆ ≳ 1.3 M
⊙ commonly rotate near their breakup speeds, which causes two effects relevant to planet habitability. First, these stars flatten into oblate spheroids with shorter polar radii and elongated equatorial radii. Second, rapid rotation induces a pole-to-equator temperature gradient on the surface of these stars. Using a 1D climate model, we calculate the inner and outer edges of the habitable zone of well-known rapid rotators and average theoretical stars in our stellar mass range. We find that, in general, rapid rotation causes the habitable zone to reside closer in than for a nonrotating equivalent star. We also find that gravity darkening dramatically reduces stellar UV emission, which combats the common assumption that high-mass stars emit too much UV light for habitable worlds. Overall, we determine that rapid stellar rotation has important consequences for the overall habitability of a system and must be accounted for both when modeling exoplanet environments and in observation of planets around high-mass stars.