bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 Against Isoprenaline-induced Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rat in vivo
Authors: Arsoy Leyla Bulut , Bingol Gulsum Bulut , Ozden Ozge , Tokdil Hasan , Giris Murat , Aydin Fatih , Basaran Canan Kucukgergin , Ozdemirler Gul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known to have anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects in various diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether HO-1 has a protective effect on isoprenaline (IP)-induced acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rat.Materials and methods: Rats were received 200 mg/kg IP, alone or together with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), an inducer and an inhibitor of HO-1, respectively. Four hours after the IP application, rats were killed. Blood and hearts were removed. Troponin-T (TnT) levels were assayed in serum as an indicator of AMI. Dien conjugate levels, protein carbonyl levels and antioxidant defense system are assayed in heart tissues by spectrophotometric methods. HO-1 protein levels were quantitated by western blot analysis in heart tissues. The results were compared with those obtained from control groups.Results: We confirmed AMI formation with higher serum TnT levels in IP-treated groups comparing to control groups. We found a significant elevation in HO-1 protein levels in IP plus CoPP-treated rats as compared to IP-treated rats, while serum TnT levels were observed to decrease at the same time. Protein carbonyl levels in heart tissues increased significantly in IP-treated groups compared with control groups. But, dien conjugate and antioxidant defense system remained unchanged.Conclusions: As a conclusion, we may suggest that HO-1 induction produces a protective effect against to myocardial damage occured by IP application in rat.
Sustainable environment, energy and finance in China: Evidence from dynamic modelling using carbon emissions and ecological footprints
Authors: Ali Rizwan , Rehman Mubeen Abdur , Rehman Ramiz ur , Ntim Collins G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study investigates sustainable finance along with sustainable economic factors on both carbon emissions and ecological footprints in China. A novel Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique is applied, results revealed sustainable finance exerts positive/negative influence on carbon emissions in the long- and short-run, respectively. Results are robust with ecological footprints that sustainable finance placed a lucrative cause to preserve the environment. Sustainable economic factors show a positive impact on carbon emissions in the long run, while economic growth, energy consumption, and exports improve environmental quality. Conversely, in the short run, urbanization supports the environment while economic development, energy use, and exports exert a positive impact. In addition, this study suggests useful policy implications for the stakeholders.
A cross-sectional study of student empathy across four medical educations in Denmark - associations between empathy level and age, sex, specialty preferences and motivation
Authors: Hvidt Elisabeth Assing , Søndergaard Jens , Wehberg Sonja , Hvidt Niels Christian , Andersen Christina Maar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Professional empathy has been associated with a range of positive patient- and clinician outcomes and is therefore considered important to develop for future physicians. Measuring changes in empathy scores among medical students by using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (Student version) (JSE-S) has led to mixed results. So far, no investigation of Danish medical students’ empathy development has been conducted. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the associations between empathy scores among Danish medical students and university, year of curriculum, age, sex, co-habitation, and parental status, specialty preferences and motivations for choosing the medical education. Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire study. All medical students in Denmark in their first, third and sixth year (N=4,178) were invited to participate in the study in October 2020. The associations between JSE-S sum score and the above explanatory factors were analysed by uni- and multivariable linear regression models. Results: The JSE-S was completed by 672 medical students. The overall mean score was 112.7. There were no statistically significant differences in empathy between universities, first, third- and sixth- year medical students, age groups or parental status. Female students and students living with a spouse or partner scored higher on JSE-S than male students or students living alone, and the sex difference remained statistically significant in the multivariable regression. In both the univariable and multivariable setting, preference for future medical specialty was statistically significant, with a decrease in scores for students choosing surgery-specialties. Motivational factors were not statistically significantly associated with empathy, although there was a slight upwards trend for one of the motivational categories, named “personal experiences”.Conclusions: Overall, our results, showing rather stable empathy scores across years of curriculum of medical students in Denmark, add to the mixed picture of empathy development among medical students. Our findings are consistent with positive associations found in international studies between empathy scores and higher age, female sex, human-oriented specialty preferences and altruistic motivations for choosing to enroll. Although specialty preferences are changing during a medical education, they may be used meaningfully as predictors of individual student empathy levels.
Imaging the Cytokine Receptor CXCR4 in Atherosclerotic Plaques with [68Ga]-APD, A Novel Radiotracer on Computer Simulation Approach
Authors: Hsia Chien-Chung , Yeh Chung-Hsin , Chen Chun-Tang , Peng Cheng-Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) plays a prominent role in inflammation, atherosclerosis, and cancer biology. Therefore, CXCR4 represents a promising target for molecular imaging in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and arterial wall injury. CXCR4 and its cognate ligand, stromal cell–derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), induced monocyte recruitment to the injured endothelium and subsequent plaque formation is the crucial progression of atherosclerosis. CXCR4 was been proved to be intensively expressed on monocytes/macrophage. [68Ga]-APD, based on the structure of CXCR4 antagonists TIQ-15, had designed by computer simulation as a PET tracer for imaging activated macrophages within the atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological characteristics of [68Ga]-APD, and compared with the PET tracers targeting atherosclerotic lesion such as [18F]-FDG, [18F]-NaF, and [68Ga]-Pentixafor in apolipoprotein-E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice.
Results
The specification and quality of APD was identified by Mass, NMR and HPLC. After being labeled with Ga-68 under acetate buffer (pH≒5.5), radiochemical purity was over 90% and stable for more than 4 hours in 37℃human serum. After being injected from tail vein on ApoE−/− atherosclerotic mice model, hydrophilic [68Ga]-APD was quickly eliminate from the kidney and bladder. [68Ga]-APD could accumulate in the atherosclerotic aorta site and CXCR4 expression organs. The highest target/background ratio (TBR) on atherosclerotic sites were 17.68 ± 0.71 (n = 3) on high-fat diet ApoE−/− mice for 12 weeks after [68Ga]-APD injection within 1 hour. However, [68Ga]-Pentixafor was only 2.06 ± 0.67 (n = 3) on the same mice model. Competitive study represented that CXCR4 antagonist AMD3465 could effectively block the uptake of [68Ga]-APD on the atherosclerotic site and CXCR4 expression organs. Comparing with [18F]-FDG and [18F]-NaF, [68Ga]-APD represented relatively better TBR and specificity on the imaging of atherosclerotic lesions.
Conclusion
In vivo evaluation of CXCR4 expression in ApoE−/− mice revealed the uptake of [68Ga]-APD mainly accumulated in the atherosclerotic aorta site. Moreover, the TBR of [68Ga]-APD was 8 times higher than [68Ga]-Pentixafor, a radiotracer targeting CXCR4 and under phase II clinical trial, indicating this novel tracer [68Ga]-APD is more feasible as a surrogate marker for inflammatory atherosclerosis.
Use of artificial neural network for generation of ultra-high resolution meteorological fields over Chowkibal-Tangdhar region of North-West Himalaya
Authors: Joshi Jagdish Chandra , Kaur Prabhjot 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High resolution meteorological fields have been found potentially useful for hydrological and agricultural applications and mitigation of hydro-meteorological hazards such as landslide and snow avalanches. These meteorological fields are being generated for Himalaya using Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model with spatial resolution up to 3 km. However, gridded meteorological data of sub-kilometer resolution is not available for the Himalayan region. In the present study, Numerical Weather Prediction model-WRF has been configured for North-West (N-W) Himalayan region with spatial resolution of 2 km and run in hind cast mode to generate meteorological data of 11 winters (2009-19). Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been developed for post-processing of maximum temperature, minimum temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, snow depth and snowfall in 24h generated by the WRF model using observed surface weather data of five different locations in Chowkibal-Tangdhar (C-T) region. Post-processed WRF output has been spatially interpolated to a grid resolution of 90 m using quasi-physical relations and inverse distance weighing scheme. The ultra-high resolution meteorological fields generated over the C-T domain have been validated at five locations in the C-T region for two winters (2017-19). For all five stations, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) scores of the model for maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and snow depth has been found at “very good” level (> 0.75) with considerably high Heidke Skill Score (HSS) (> 0.4). A comparison of observed and simulated cumulative snowfall during major snow storms during 2017-19 has also been discussed.
FEASt: A Randomized Controlled Trial for Dysphagia Recovery After an Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Marchina Sarah , Langmore Susan , Massaro Joseph , Palmisano Joseph , Wang Na , Searls David Eric , Lioutas Vasileios , Pisegna Jessica , Wagner Cynthia , Shinde Anant , Schlaug Gottfried 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Dysphagia is a serious stroke complication but lacks effective therapy. We investigated safety and preliminary efficacy of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) paired with swallowing exercises in improving post-stroke dysphagia from an acute unilateral hemispheric infarction (UHI). Methods: Double-blind, early phase-2 randomized controlled trial, in subjects (n=42) with moderate-severe dysphagia [Penetration and Aspiration Scale (PAS) score ≥ 4], from an acute-subacute UHI. Subjects were randomized to Low-Dose, High-Dose atDCS or Sham stimulation for 5 consecutive days. Primary safety outcomes were incidence of seizures, neurological, motor, or swallowing function deterioration. Primary efficacy outcome was a change in PAS scores at day-5 of intervention. Main secondary outcome was dietary improvement at 1-month, assessed by Functional Oral Intake (FOIS) score.Results: No differences in pre-defined safety outcomes or adjusted mean changes in PAS, FOIS scores, between groups, were observed. Post-hoc analysis demonstrated that 22 /24 subjects in the combined atDCS group had a clinically meaningful dietary improvement (FOIS score ≥ 5) compared to 8 /14 in Sham (p=0.037, Fisher-exact).Conclusion: atDCS application in the acute-subacute stroke phase is safe but did not decrease risk of aspiration in this early phase trial. The observed dietary improvement is promising and merits further investigation.
SumStatsRehab: An Efficient Algorithm for GWAS Summary Statistics Assessment and Restoration
Authors: Yazdi Puya , Grabherr Manfred , Novković Biljana , Khan Umar , Bamunusinghe Varuna , Terpolovsky Andrew , Bircan Karatuğ Ozan , Tello Carlos , Cuthbertson Lewis , Mahmoud Abdallah , Bose Madhuchanda , Matushyn Mykyta 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Generating polygenic risk scores for diseases and complex traits requires high quality GWAS summary statistic files. Often, these files can be difficult to acquire either as a result of unshared or incomplete data. To date, bioinformatics tools which focus on restoring missing columns containing identification and association data are limited, which has the potential to increase the number of usable GWAS summary statistics files.Results: SumStatsRehab was able to restore rsID, effect/other alleles, chromosome, base pair position, effect allele frequencies, beta, standard error, and p-values to a better extent than any other currently available tool, with minimal loss.Conclusions: SumStatsRehab offers a unique tool utilizing both functional programming and pipeline-like architecture, allowing users to generate accurate data restorations for incomplete summary statistics files. This in turn, increases the number of usable GWAS summary statistics files, which may be invaluable for less researched health traits.
Occupational safety and health aspects of corporate social responsibility reporting in Japan: comparison between 2012 and 2020
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Fujimoto Ayumi , Inoue Shunsuke , Nagata Masako , Mori Koji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to survey the content of occupational safety and health (OSH) disclosed in corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related reports and integrated reports in 2020 and to compare the changes between 2012 and 2020 according to industry and company size.
Results
Among all companies, 441 (20.3%) companies issued CSR-related reports and 590 (28.1%) issued integrated reports. The number (percentage) of companies that issued either CSR-related reports or integrated reports was 880 (40.5%). The percentages of both CSR-related reports and integrated reports increased with increased company size. The number (percentage) of companies reporting OSH in CSR-related reports was 391 (88.7%) and that in integrated reports was 493 (83.6%). The percentage of OSH reporting in CSR-related reports and integrated reports was high in secondary industries and low in tertiary industries.
Protective Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning Combined with Nicorandil on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Xia Zongyi , Chen Bing , Zhou Chi , Wang Yitian , Ren Jinyang , Yao Xujin , Wan Qi , Lian Zhexun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Diabetes mellitus exhibits a high sensitivity to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), which can affect the efficacy of cardioprotective interventions, and its complexity significantly reduces the therapeutic potential of existing treatment options. This study was dedicated to investigate the feasibility of shifting from monotherapy to combination therapy in diabetic MIRI.
METHODS
Rats were randomized into 10 groups: non-diabetic rats included: sham-operated (Sham), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), ischemia postcondtioning (I-Post), nicorandil (Nic), and combination therapy (I-Post + Nic); diabetic rats included: DM Sham, DM I/R, DM I-Post, DM Nic and DM I-Post + Nic. The T2DM rats were induced by injection of low-dose streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) and supplemented with high-fat and high-sugar chow to establish a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model. CK-MB, NO levels, ROS content, and myocardial infarct area were measured. HE staining of cardiac tissue sections, TUNEL staining of cardiac tissue sections, WGA immunofluorescence staining, and protein blotting (western blotting) were used to detect myocardial tissue PI3K, Akt, GSK3β, mToR, and eNOS protein phosphorylation levels.
RESULTS
We found that diabetes impaired the cardioprotective effects of I-Post and nicorandil against MIRI injury compared with non-diabetic I/R rats. Compared with diabetic I/R rats treated with I-Post (41.13% ± 2.17%, 454.64 ± 13.434 µm2) or nicorandil (41.54 ± 1.45%, 439.95 ± 15.087 µm2) alone, I-Post combined with nicorandil treatment (30.67% ± 1.38%, 344.45 ± 13.434 µm2) significantly reduced IS/AAR (P < 0.001) and cardiac cell cross sectional area (P < 0.001), reduced the extent of myocardial tissue injury and decreased pathological scores after I/R (P < 0.001), inhibited myocardial apoptosis (P < 0.001), decreased plasma central infarct marker CK-MB levels (P < 0.001), and increased NO levels (P < 0.001). In addition, combination treatment increased the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, GSK3β, mToR, and eNOS (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
I-Post combined with nicorandil treatment maintains effective cardioprotection against diabetic MIRI by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Impaired arginine-induced insulin secretion in MODY2 patient with UGGT1R1526C variant
Authors: Cho Jaeyong , Horikawa Yukio , Yonamine Masato , Tsugawa Yoji , Enya Mayumi , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Yabe Daisuke , Imai Takeshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Arginine releases proinsulin from binding to UGGT1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PSIPRED analysis showed that the arginine/proinsulin binding domain (A/PBD) in the C-terminal region of UGGT1 forms a disordered region, which is flexible and outside of the main protein structure. Arginine and proinsulin may easily access UGGT1. Using the SNP library, two variants, Q1518* and R1526C, were identified in this region. Q1518* variant is a deficient form of A/PBD and ER-retention signal (ERRS). Q1518* mutated UGGT1 protein in cell analysis reveals Q1518* protein is mainly secreted protein, because of lack of ERRS. We found another UGGT1 variant, R1526C, among 489 Japanese maturity-onset diabetes of young (MODY) patients. In fact, a MODY2 (GCKWT/G261R) patient with the UGGT1WT/R1526C variant showed less arginine-induced insulin secretion than a MODY2 father with UGGT1WT/WT. However, they have a similar response of glucose intolerance. At the molecular level, less interaction of proinsulin with UGGT1 was observed in both human UGGT1R1526C and mouse UGGT1L1518C with/without arginine. Collectively, the interaction of proinsulin with UGGT1 likely has a significant impact on the regulation of proinsulin processing and arginine-induced secretion in β-cells.
Icariin Suppresses Activated Macrophages-Mediated Inflammatory Response Inhibition of mTOR/S6K1 and NF-κB Signaling
Authors: YANG Mingshi , SUN Ziyi , WANG Junwen , GAO Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to explore icariin on macrophage polarization and the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods: Macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 macrophages following stimulation with LPS,IFN-γ and IL-4.Meanwhile,they were intervened by icariin.ELISA was performed to detect TNF-α and IL-10 secretion to observe the effect of icariin on macrophages polarization at the protein level.RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression of TNF-α、IL-6、iNOS、Arg1 and CD206 to observe the effect of icariin on macrophages polarization at the mRNA level.Next, flow cytometry were used to observe the effect of icariin on the proportions of polarized macrophages (M1, M2).Western blot was performed to examine the phosphorylation of mTOR,S6K1,NF-κB p65,IKKβ and IκBα to observe the effect of icariin on mTOR/S6K1 and NF-κB signaling pathway of M1 macrophages.Results:Icariin can inhibit the polarization of M1 macrophages and promote M2 polarization of macrophages,and inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),interleukin6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to reduce the inflammatory response,and promote the expression of interleukin10 (IL-10),mannose receptor C type 1 (CD206) and arginase 1 (Arg1) to anti-inflammatory and promote tissue repair.Icariin can inhibit the polarization of M1 macrophages and promote M2 polarization of macrophages.Additionally,western blot and immunofluorescence staining (IF) results found that it can inhibit expression of p-mTOR,p-S6K1,p-NF-κB p65,p-IKKβ and p-IκBα on M1 macrophages. Conclusions:Our results indicate that icariin inhibited M1 macrophage activation and enhanced M2 macrophage activation,and affect the mTOR/S6K1 and NF-κB signaling pathway of M1 macrophages.
Enhanced effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride application with light curing on natural dentin carious lesions: an in-vitro study
Authors: Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri Suchaya , Karnowakul Juthamas , Punyanirun Kulnipa , Jirakran Ketsupar , Thanyasrisung Panida , Techatharatip Oranuch , Trairatvorakul Chutima 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is widely accepted as a dentinal caries arresting agent because of its effectiveness, easy handling, and short working time. When dealing with uncooperative patients, a reduced working time is desired. As SDF has been known to interact with light, the effects of light curing (LC) on SDF have not been investigated. This study aimed to compare mean mineral density difference and surface morphology between 10-and 60-second(s) SDF-applied dentin carious lesions and similarly SDF-treated teeth with additional 20s LC. Methods: Forty primary molar blocks with natural dentin carious lesions were measured for baseline lesion depth and mineral density at baseline using Image-Pro Plus software. Samples were distributed into 4 groups; 38% SDF applied for 1) 10s (10SDF), 2) 60s (60SDF), 3) 10s+LC (10SDF+LC), and 4) 60s+LC (60SDF+LC), then underwent a 7-day bacterial pH-cycling. Dentin carious lesions’ mean mineral density difference was re-evaluated by digital subtraction radiographic analysis. Surface morphology and elemental profile were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mean mineral density difference of the dentin lesions was analyzed using two-way ANOVA, generalized linear models analysis.Results: Light curing was the only factor affecting the mean mineral density difference (p=0.007). Mean mineral density differences in 10SDF+LC and 60SDF+LC groups were significantly higher than those without light curing (p=0.041 and 0.041, respectively). The 60SDF+LC group showed a significantly higher mean mineral density difference than the 10SDF group (p=0.010), while the 10SDF+LC group was not different from the 60SDF group (p=1.00). Scanning electron microscopy showed denser mineral content layers, which likely were silver and chloride, in 10SDF+LC and 60SDF+LC groups than 10SDF and 60SDF groups, respectively.Conclusion: Shortened application time with light curing enhanced SDF remineralization similarly to a conventional method. This could be valuable for managing dentin caries in young or uncooperative children and special-needs patients by reducing the SDF application time by 50% of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommendation while maintaining an adequate SDF remineralization effectiveness.