bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive order auditing associated with reductions in red blood cell utilization: National blood shortage experience
Authors: Ondrasik Regina M. , Khan Jenna , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Levy Joshua J. , Dunbar Nancy M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDecreased blood collection during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic resulted in long‐term red blood cell (RBC) shortages in the United States. In an effort to conserve RBCs, the existing passive alert system for auditing inpatient transfusions was modified to activate at a lower hemoglobin threshold (6.5 g/dL instead of 7.0 g/dL for stable, nonbleeding inpatients) during a 9‐month shortage at an academic medical center. Hemoglobin levels prior to RBC transfusions were compared for inpatients receiving RBC transfusions to determine whether RBC utilization changed during the intervention.Study Design and MethodsThis retrospective study compared the number of single‐unit RBC transfusions and hemoglobin levels prior to RBC transfusion among inpatients during the 9 months of the intervention (Period 2, 06/01/2021–2/28/2022) to the same period of the previous year (Period 1, 06/01/2020–2/28/2021).ResultsOverall full unit RBC transfusions to inpatients decreased by 15% from 5182 to 4421. Of all transfusions, 50.3% and 49.8% were single‐unit RBC transfusions in Period 1 and Period 2, respectively. The incidence rate difference and incidence rate ratio of single RBC units transfused per 1000 patient days were significantly decreased (p = 0.0007). The average pre‐transfusion hemoglobin level significantly decreased from 7.18 g/dL to 7.05 g/dL (p = 0.0002), largely due to significant decreases in hemoglobin transfusion triggers for adult inpatient ward transfusions.DiscussionModification of the passive alert system was associated with significantly decreased RBC utilization during a long‐term RBC shortage. Modification of transfusion criteria recommended by passive alerts may be a feasible option to decrease RBC utilization at centers during long‐term RBC shortages.
2021 ISB World Athletics Award for Biomechanics: The Subtalar Joint Maintains “Spring-Like” Function While Running in Footwear That Perturbs Foot Pronation
Authors: Asmussen Michael J. , Lichtwark Glen A. , Maharaj Jayishni N. 
Published: July 2022

Humans have the remarkable ability to run over variable terrains. During locomotion, however, humans are unstable in the mediolateral direction and this instability must be controlled actively—a goal that could be achieved in more ways than one. Walking research indicates that the subtalar joint absorbs energy in early stance and returns it in late stance, an attribute that is credited to the tibialis posterior muscle-tendon unit. The purpose of this study was to determine how humans (n = 11) adapt to mediolateral perturbations induced by custom-made 3D-printed “footwear” that either enhanced or reduced pronation of the subtalar joint (modeled as motion in 3 planes) while running (3 m/s). In all conditions, the subtalar joint absorbed energy (ie, negative mechanical work) in early stance followed by an immediate return of energy (ie, positive mechanical work) in late stance, demonstrating a “spring-like” behavior. These effects increased and decreased in footwear conditions that enhanced or reduced pronation (P ≤ .05), respectively. Of the recorded muscles, the tibialis posterior (P ≤ .05) appeared to actively change its activation in concert with the changes in joint energetics. We suggest that the “spring-like” behavior of the subtalar joint may be an inherent function that enables the lower limb to respond to mediolateral instabilities during running.
An absolutely dated record of climate change over the last three glacial–interglacial cycles from Chinese loess deposits
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Hao Qingzhen , Li Sheng-Hua 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Chinese loess-paleosol sequences have long been regarded as the continental counterpart of deep-sea sediments in terms of their record of the Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles. However, absolute chronologies for loess-paleosol sequences older than ca. 130 ka on the Chinese Loess Plateau are scarce. We conducted the first high-resolution luminescence dating, extending back to 350 ka, of the classical Luochuan loess section of the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Bacon age-depth modeling of the luminescence ages was used to obtain an age framework. The results indicate that on orbital timescales, loess accumulation at Luochuan was continuous over the last three glacial–interglacial cycles. The new age framework resolves discrepancies between orbitally tuned age models at several boundaries and provides new evidence supporting the reassignment of the Marine Isotope Stage 8/9 boundary age from 300 ka to ca. 280 ka. Our results also suggest that published astronomical timescales for the loess deposits of the Chinese Loess Plateau over the last ~2.6 m.y. are probably broadly reliable, as are the related regional and global climatic interpretations.
Gallic acid induces T-helper-1-like Treg cells and strengthens immune checkpoint blockade efficacy
Authors: Deng Biaolong , Yang Biaolong , Chen Jieqiong , Wang Shuaiwei , Zhang Weiqi , Guo Yixian , Han Yichao , Li Hecheng , Dang Yongjun , Yuan Yaqin , Dai Xueyu , Zang Yuansheng , Li Yangyang , Li Bin 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFoxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells facilitate tumor immune evasion by forming a suppressive tumor microenvironment. Therefore, immune therapies promoting Treg fragility may greatly enhance immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) efficacy in cancers.MethodsWe have screened 2640 compounds and identified the gut microbial metabolite gallic acid, which promotes Foxp3 degradation and Treg instability by repressing Usp21 gene transcription. In vivo and in vitro experiments have been performed to explore the roles of Usp21 in Treg cells. Importantly, we treated tumor-bearing mice with gallic acid and anti-PD-1 antibody to explore the potential therapeutic value of gallic acid in clinical cancer immunotherapy.ResultsMechanistically, gallic acid prevents STAT3 phosphorylation and the binding of phosphorylated STAT3 to Usp21 gene promoter. The deubiquitinated Usp21 and stabilized PD-L1 proteins boost the function of Treg cells. Combination of gallic acid and anti-PD-1 antibody, in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, not only significantly dampen Treg cell function by impairing PD-L1/PD-1 signaling and downregulating Foxp3 stability, but also promote CD8+ T cells’ production of IFN-γ and limited tumor growth.ConclusionOur findings have implications for improving the efficacy of ICB therapy in CRC by inducing T-helper-1-like Foxp3lo Treg cells.
In-medium hadronization of heavy quarks and its effect on charmed meson and baryon distributions in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Beraudo Andrea , De Pace Arturo , Monteno Marco , Nardi Marzia , Prino Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a new model for the description of heavy-quark hadronization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the presence of a reservoir of lighter thermal particles with which recombination can occur leading to the formation of color-singlet clusters. Color neutralization is assumed to occur locally, within the same fluid cell occupied by the heavy quark and it proceeds via the recombination of the latter with light antiquarks (quarks) or diquarks (anti-diquarks), which are assumed to be present in the medium with thermal abundance as effective degrees of freedom around the QCD crossover temperature $$T_c$$

T
c

. Typically the resulting color-singlet clusters have quite low invariant mass, in most of the cases below 4 GeV, and in this case they are assumed to undergo an isotropic 2-body decay in their local rest-frame. Heavier clusters are instead fragmented as Lund strings. The possibility of recombination with light diquarks enhances the yields of charmed baryons, in qualitative agreement with recent measurements. The assumption of local color neutralization leads to a strong space-momentum correlation, which provides a substantial enhancement of the collective flow of the final-state charmed hadrons, affecting both their momentum and their angular distributions.
Construction of a traversable wormhole from a suitable embedding function
Authors: Rueda A. , Avalos R. , Contreras E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, we construct a traversable wormhole by providing a suitable embedding function ensuring the fulfilling of the flaring-out condition. The solution contains free parameters that are reduced through the study of the acceptable conditions of a traversable wormhole. We compute both the quantifier of exotic matter and the quasi-normal modes through the 13th order WKB as a function of the remaining free parameters. We obtain that the wormhole geometry can be sustained by a finite amount of exotic matter and seems to be stable under scalar perturbations.
nteract
Authors: Bertini Marco , Lux Mathias 
Published: July 2022

Writing source code for programs with lightweight text editors or fully featured integrated development environments is considered the main method of programming. Notebooks, however, are an extremely practical tool. In contrast to IDEs, projects are set up more easily and they allow for running programs in a read-eval-print loop (REPL) environment. The Jupyter Notebooks Quick Start Guide [1] describes notebook documents as "… both human-readable documents containing the analysis description and the results (figures, tables, etc..) as well as executable documents which can be run to perform data analysis." Basically, markdown text can be mixed with program source code in a sequence of sections, each dedicated to either programming or description and documentation. Source code sections can be executed and the output is appended to the section, even formatted in the form of graphs, diagrams, or tables.
REPL and notebook based environments have proven to be useful in many scenarios including when exploring new libraries and frameworks, to prototype code, or as an educational tool to create interactive lecture material. A prominent example is Jupyter, which is the highly successful project behind Jupyter Notebooks and the recent JupyterLab, i.e. web-based systems to run and share notebooks that contain code, equations, data visualizations, and data exploration and narrative text.
Report from the MMM 2020 Special Session on Multimedia Datasets for Repeatable Experimentation (MDRE 2020)
Authors: Duane Aaron , Jónsson Björn 𐓄ór , Gurrin Cathal , Schöffmann Klaus 
Published: July 2022

Information retrieval and multimedia content access have a long history of comparative evaluation, and many of the advances in the area over the past decade can be attributed to the availability of open datasets that support comparative and repeatable experimentation. Hence, sharing data and code to allow other researchers to replicate research results is needed in the multimedia modeling field, as it helps to improve the performance of systems and the reproducibility of published papers.
This report summarizes the special session on Multimedia Datasets for Repeatable Experimentation (MDRE 2020), which was organized at the 26th International Conference on MultiMedia Modeling (MMM 2020), held in January 2020 in Daejeon, South Korea.
The intent of these special sessions is to be a venue for releasing datasets to the multimedia community and discussing dataset related issues. The presentation mode in 2020 was to have short presentations (approximately 8 minutes), followed by a panel discussion moderated by Aaron Duane. In the following we summarize the special session, including its talks, questions, and discussions.
Open source for video games
Authors: Pirker Johanna , Bertini Marco , Lux Mathias 
Published: July 2022

Open-source software is a relevant topic in video game development. Taking a look at the most frequently employed game engines for developing Android games [1] we can see that seven out of ten ranked engines are OSS. Over the last decade, more and more game studios and individual developers switched to open-source software. Oliver Franzke from Double Fine Productions described the phenomenon from his point of view at GDC Europe 2013 [2]. For him developing game engines from scratch is too costly, and re-using self-made game engines often involves too much repurposing as they were developed with one specific game in mind. Existing third-party game engines might not support all features needed, and requesting new features or APIs from the developers is a tedious effort. In contrast to that, an open-source game engine is typically stable, extendable, and - in the best case - has a lively community accepting patches and helping out problems. Best of all, if a bug in the game engine is found or a feature is needed, one can fix it and compile it instead of filing a bug report or feature request and hoping for the next release of the engine being in time for the release of the own project.Epic Games was one of the first AAA game engine developers to publish the source code of their Unreal Engine [3] in 2015 to let game developers investigate critical parts and send in patches and file bug reports. However, they did not change their model to OSS. Amazon (with the Lumberyard engine), Unity, and Crytek (with the CryEngine) follow similar models, where the source code is available for developers, but no open-source license is used. Other prominent source code releases included the famous id Tech engines, which powered games like Doom and Quake, and the Serious Sam Engine from Croteam [4, 5]. In both cases, they were made available GPL license for historical and educational purposes and developers never released the most recent version of their engines.These engines are not used only to develop games, but also to implement simulators that can be used to create datasets used in research, like CARLA [19] (a simulator for autonomous driving research) or UnrealCV [20], that are both based on Unreal Engine.
Frequency, Penetrance, and Variable Expressivity of Dilated Cardiomyopathy–Associated Putative Pathogenic Gene Variants in UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Shah Ravi A. , Asatryan Babken , Sharaf Dabbagh Ghaith , Aung Nay , Khanji Mohammed Y. , Lopes Luis R. , van Duijvenboden Stefan , Holmes Anthony , Muser Daniele , Landstrom Andrew P. , Lee Aaron Mark , Arora Pankaj , Semsarian Christopher , Somers Virend K. , Owens Anjali T. , Munroe Patricia B. , Petersen Steffen E. , Chahal C. Anwar A. ,   on behalf of the Genotype-First Approach Investigators
Published: July 2022

Background:
There is a paucity of data regarding the phenotype of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) gene variants in the general population. We aimed to determine the frequency and penetrance of DCM-associated putative pathogenic gene variants in a general adult population, with a focus on the expression of clinical and subclinical phenotype, including structural, functional, and arrhythmic disease features.

Methods:
UK Biobank participants who had undergone whole exome sequencing, ECG, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging were selected for study. Three variant-calling strategies (1 primary and 2 secondary) were used to identify participants with putative pathogenic variants in 44 DCM genes. The observed phenotype was graded DCM (clinical or cardiovascular magnetic resonance diagnosis); early DCM features, including arrhythmia or conduction disease, isolated ventricular dilation, and hypokinetic nondilated cardiomyopathy; or phenotype-negative.

Results:
Among 18 665 individuals included in the study, 1463 (7.8%) possessed ≥1 putative pathogenic variant in 44 DCM genes by the main variant calling strategy. A clinical diagnosis of DCM was present in 0.34% and early DCM features in 5.7% of individuals with putative pathogenic variants. ECG and cardiovascular magnetic resonance analysis revealed evidence of subclinical DCM in an additional 1.6% and early DCM features in an additional 15.9% of individuals with putative pathogenic variants. Arrhythmias or conduction disease (15.2%) were the most common early DCM features, followed by hypokinetic nondilated cardiomyopathy (4%). The combined clinical/subclinical penetrance was ≤30% with all 3 variant filtering strategies. Clinical DCM was slightly more prevalent among participants with putative pathogenic variants in definitive/strong evidence genes as compared with those with variants in moderate/limited evidence genes.

Conclusions:
In the UK Biobank, ≈1 of 6 of adults with putative pathogenic variants in DCM genes exhibited early DCM features potentially associated with DCM genotype, most commonly manifesting with arrhythmias in the absence of substantial ventricular dilation or dysfunction.
Sufism in Post-Soviet Russia: Searching for Enchantment and a Paradigm Shift
Authors: Knysh Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sufism in post-Soviet Russia is a complex phenomenon that resists common methodological assumptions current in the sociology of religion and cultural studies, especially the oft-cited notions of disenchantment or re-enchantment and cognitive paradigm shift. This article demonstrates that discontinuities and shifts in cultural and intellectual spheres do matter, but so do continuities and remembrances of the past. In other words, “nothing is ever lost”. The author examines several instances of the reimagining of Sufism in the Caucasus and the Volga-Ural region of Russia, including recent interpretations of its history and principles by a popular Sufi teacher and two high-ranking members of the Russian-Muslim officialdom. Provisionally classified as “traditionalist”, “interiorized-privatized”, and “perennialist”, these interpretations reflect not only the varying social positions and intellectual convictions of the interpreters but also their conscious efforts to adapt Sufism to their respective environments and audiences. In conclusion the author evaluates the epistemological utility of the aforementioned sociological concepts in explaining these [re-]interpretations of Sufism with special emphasis on the role of imagination and creative remembrance of the past.
Spiritual Legacy, Sufi Identity, and Mystical Knowledge in Taṣliya formulae
Authors: Sajid Mehdi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The tradition of taṣliya texts and practices in Sufism constitute an important source of Muslim intellectual and religious history. Previous studies have argued that these texts were more than mere cultural expressions of devotion to Prophet Muḥammad. Following this line of thought, this article seeks to deepen our grasp of the significance of taṣliya formulae in Sufi contexts. Emphasis will be placed on their role in popularizing various mystical-philosophical teachings and prophetical doctrines that shaped Muslims’ imaginations of the Prophet throughout the centuries.
The Palestinian Refugee Problem: Theory and Practice in Light of Back-Channel Negotiations
Authors: Rami Goldstein 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Palestinian refugee problem is considered one of the most intractable and complex issues surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This article examines the gaps between Israel and the Palestinians concerning the Palestinian refugee problem and considers whether back-channel diplomacy can help promote possible lasting solutions. To answer this question, several sets of peace negotiations are presented that involved back-channel communications and offered possible solutions to the problem. These include the Camp David ii summit in 2000 (including the Taba talks of 2001), the intensive back-channel negotiations between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and the Palestinian Authority Chairman Abu-Mazen (2006–2008) ongoing when the 2007 Annapolis Conference was held, and the Kerry Proposals of 2016. The main argument is that back-channel negotiations may contribute to a solution to conflicts involving issues of human dignity and responsibility, like the issue of the Palestinian refugees.
The Origin of Akṣayanīvī and the Historical Context of the Arthaśāstra
Authors: Martini Kelsey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper has two purposes. The first is to provide an accurate definition and history of the origin of the Sanskrit term akṣayanīvī. The standard scholarly translation of this term, which is encountered almost exclusively in inscriptions, is “permanent endowment” and has been established since the mid-19th century. It will be shown that the usual translations of both members of the compound—akṣaya as “permanent” and nīvī as “endowment”—are at the least misleading. This will be accomplished through a discussion of the occurrences of the terms in the Adhyakṣapracāra “Activities of Superintendents” (Book II of the Kauṭilya Arthaśāstra), with a particular focus on KA 2.6.27 which contains an explicit definition of nīvī. The second purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the Adhyakṣapracāra, the largest and most perplexing chapter of the KA, utilizes a technical vocabulary which points to a specific context of production. This will be done through an examination of a series of fiscal and administrative technical terms which occur in the Adhyakṣapracāra and which emerge in the Indian epigraphic record at around the time period and geographic region commonly given for the composition of the text (ca. 1st c. BCE—1st c. CE Western Maharashtra/Southern Gujarat).
“Heavens What Are They Up To!”
Authors: Weiss Katherine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In Samuel Beckett’s Happy Days, the protagonist Winnie recalls being gawked at by an offensive passerby. Despite the pain she endures from this crude fellow whose looking represents the patriarchal gaze, the aging Winnie seeks attention from her husband and the audience. In her need for attention, that is to-be-looked-at, Winnie reveals that she is not meek. She fondly recollects men from her past and with pleasure looks at a pornographic postcard she takes from her partner, Willie. Beckett’s play complicates the patriarchal gaze with its exploration of the female gaze—a gaze that reveals Winnie’s desire for sexual intimacy.
Gendering Waiting for Godot in the Socio-political Context of Pakistan
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Saeed , Shehzad Umar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on an adaptation of Beckett’s Waiting for Godot in the Muslim context of Pakistan. Firstly, it looks at previous performances of the play with female actors. Secondly, it examines why female characters are introduced in the adaptation, which is strikingly opposite to Beckett’s idea of characterization in Waiting for Godot. Thirdly, it explores how such alteration is significant in the context of the Muslim culture of Pakistan. Finally, the play thus adapted for a local audience is read in a political light.
‘Restriction Gives Freedom’
Authors: Heron Jonathan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Nando Messias is a Brazilian artist based in London whose work straddles performance art, dance and theatre. This interview explores how Nando brings a ‘queer’ perspective to our understanding of Beckett’s drama and Beckettian aesthetics. The artist reflects upon their training, the performing of Not I, and their wider practice in live art and queer performance.
Growing Up Absurd
Authors: Baxter James 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article explores the curious interface between Beckett’s writing and the male-orientated magazine culture of the United States. Throughout the 1960s, Beckett would be solicited for articles by Esquire (advertised as ‘The Magazine for Men’) including an unlikely invitation to cover the 1968 Democratic Convention. By 1969, a write-up of Kenneth Tynan’s Oh! Calcutta! (for which Beckett would contribute the opening skit) would feature prominently in the October issue of Playboy magazine. Despite his often-perplexed reactions, this article suggests that the appeal of Beckett to commercial men’s magazines may help to situate the author within mid-century discourses around sexual freedom and ‘hip’ masculinity.