bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of colchicine on in vitro growth of ciplukan (Physalis angulata)
Authors: Mastuti R , Munawarti A , Afiyanti M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) is one of medicinal plants belongs to Solanaceae family. The in vitro system has the potential to multiply plants that have uniform characters in large quantities. One strategy to improve the important characters of medicinal plants is by artificially induced polyploidy using antimitotic compounds, such as colchicine. Variations in types of explants treated with colchicine have varied characters in growth response. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of tissue types and different duration of soaking in colchicine solution on the shoot and root regeneration of P. angulata in vitro. Two types of tissue namely seeds, and cotyledonary nodes were soaked in 0.1% colchicine solution for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Shoot regeneration of control and colchicine-treated tissues were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP 2 mg/l + IAA 0.05 mg/L. Rooting medium was MS0 medium with or without supplemented with activated charcoal (AC). The results showed that the number and height of shoots and the number of leaves on the growth of shoots in vitro had the same pattern except for in vitro shoots produced by seeds soaked in colchicine solution for 48 hours. In vitro shoots produced by soaking cotyledonary nodes for 24 hours tended to produce better growth than shoots produced from seeds without colchicine treatment (control) as well as 48- and 72-hours soaking treatments. The in vitro shoots produced by soaking the seeds for 72 hours still tended to be able to produce better growth than the control and soaking treatments for 24- and 48-hours. Shoot derived from colchicine treated cotyledonary nodes produced more roots than shoots produced by soaking seeds. However, shoot height and number of leaves varied depending on the duration of soaking of explants in colchicine solution. Activated charcoal reduced root number.
Soil Investigation Analysis Obstackle Cutting Planning Hill Direction Rh 04 Tana Toraja District
Authors: Apriyani Ika , Sanggaria Olan Jujun 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The excavation activity of cutting the obstackle area is one of the technical activities to support the requirements of aviation safety due to the hard rock type conditions. In this research, which was conducted at Kunik Airport, Tana Toraja Regency, core drilling was carried out to determine the type of soil/rock excavation and to describe the engineering properties of the soil/rock layers. The results of the field implementation show that the depth of hard soil with an indication of the NSPT value > 60 is at a depth of 2m. while the total rating for the excavation method and the type of equipment used are a) Easy ripping which consists of clay soil type of equipment used in the form of a D7 type tractor with an alternative to using a standard bachoe excavator, b) Hard ripping consists of on brown and greenish-grey clay, the equipment used is a tractor type D7-D8 with an alternative to using an excavator breaker and c) Very hard ripping required Claystone is blackish brown in color. The equipment used is a tractor type D8-D9 with alternative can use excavator breaker
The Effect of Pre-treatment of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and the Use of Cow Dung on Biogas Production
Authors: Dhaniswara Trisna K , Rahkadima Yulia T , Fitri Medya A , Azizah Zahrotul , Aziz Ahmad M , Ulumuddin Ihya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRenewable energy biogas technology, applying the concept of zero waste, can offer an alternative source of energy to deal with environmental problems. The water hyacinth is a type of weed that grows fast and abundantly in rivers. Aside from being considered a pest and waste of no value, it can also be used for biogas production because of its high hemicellulose content. The purpose of this research was to make use of water hyacinths that are abundant in rivers as a source of biogas. The variables used were mixes of water hyacinth, cow dung, and water at variant ratios to be used in the initial treatment. The fermentation process undertaken used a batch system, and the biogas produced was measured every day. The parameters used were the volume of the biogas produced, degree of acidity (pH), C/N ratio, flame color, and composition test using gas chromatography (GC). The results of this study show that the highest biogas volume of 11,233 ml was obtained from the use of water:water hyacinth:cow ratio of 1:0.5:1 and that the lowest biogas volume of 4,370 ml was obtained from the use of the water:water hyacinth:cow dung ratio of 1:1:0. The pH range after the process was complete was between 6.9 and 7.6. The results of the gas chromatography (GC) analysis show that the methane content in the biogas was 80.78% of the area.
Process simulation of anaerobic digestion for methane production using aspen plus
Authors: Ramasamy G , Goodman A H , Lahuri H M , Md Shah S S , Sabil K M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A process simulation model was developed for biogas production via an anaerobic digestion process using Advanced System for Process Engineering (Aspen) Plus software. A total of 46 reactions were included in the model and were simulated with appropriate kinetics. For anaerobic digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), few studies have been reported with regards to simulation, and this biogas model has not been validated for use with POME. These works validate the ability of the developed model to predict biogas production using established data on biogas production from literature namely (O-thong et al.,2016; Mamimin et al., 2015). Average Absolute Deviation (AAD) was computed, and a deviation calculated less than 5% was obtained for both case studies of biogas production from POME with the model. The developed model was also used to study the effects of adding an external supply of H2 and CO2 at different ratios (2:1, 1:1). The results showed that the ratio of H2 and CO2, 2:1, has higher methane production compared to an equal ratio of H2 and CO2, 1:1. The developed model is flexible and able to estimate the enhancement of methanation via the input of an external supply of H2 and CO2 quantitatively.
Comparison of different methods for the extraction of essential oil from the rhizome part of Kaempferia galanga linn
Authors: Nurhaslina C R , Mustapa A N , Azizi C Y , Alwi H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Kaempferia galanga linn (KGL) is a well-known condiment in Southeast Asia, consisting of huge advantages for health sustainability. This research aims to compare the essential oils (EOs) yield of the KGL rhizome utilising modern technologies – solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to the traditional method of hydrodistillation (HD). The influence of process parameters on the oil yield is determined and the composition of the extracts is characterised using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). The SFME has been demonstrated as the most excellent method in producing substantially high yield in a shorter time (40 min, 2.54 %) in comparison to the MAE (40 min, 1.03%) and HD (3 h, 0.14%). Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate from the class of cinnamic acid ester appears as the main volatile constituent with a percent content of 11.6%, 10%, and 13.4% obtained by SFME, MAE, and HD, respectively. The SEM analysis of the KGL reveals that microwave technology caused a significant plant cell wall rupture, thus promoting faster oil extraction than the traditional extraction approach. This study demonstrates that SFME is a promising alternative to producing essential oil as natural products without solvent, safer for pharmaceutical and food industries.
Thermal Investigation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Ni-YSZ Anode supported with Cooling System: A FEM Approach
Authors: Shieela Kalib N , Muchtar A , Zhen Yuan V , Rao Somalu M , Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is preferred for power generation owing to its high-temperature waste heat recovery and low pollutant emissions. Nevertheless, SOFC operation is highly dependent on an effective cooling system, and the temperature gradient (ΔT) causes the distribution of thermal stress. The trade-off between meeting the SOFC requirement to operate at elevated temperature and minimizing thermal stress by reducing ΔT in the SOFC stack is required. Therefore, a cooling system for the SOFC stack is required to control the temperature homogeneity in the stack. In this study, a 3D finite element method containing heat transfer and energy charge equations was developed and then applied to investigate the effects of the (i) cooling plate and (ii) cooling fin on temperature distribution. The conventional stack orientation (i) parallel flow and (ii) counter flow were considered and compared with the adiabatic model in Ansys thermal analysis. The analysis was carried out under steady-state conditions. Considering that the temperature distribution varies according to the operating temperature and environment, the ambient temperature was set at 800 °C, 750 °C, 700 °C, and 650 °C. The study showed that the steepness of ΔT for a fin with the parallel flow is 1.5% better than for counterflow in the same operating scenario. Notably, the contribution of the cooling plate can minimize ΔT by 10% more than the fin. In addition, cooling measures are required to ensure the long-term stability of the cell during prolonged operation.
Predictive solubility of amino acids in deep eutectic solvents for chicken feather waste valorisation
Authors: Salleh MZM , Hadj-Kali MK , Luthfi AAI , Hashim MA 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Waste chicken feathers can be potentially utilized by its dissolution in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to extract keratin. Keratin in chicken feathers is composed by a series of amino acids which can be categorized into negatively charged, positively charged, hydrophobic and hydrophilic natures. As the DESs are also composed by polar and non-polar moieties, their capability to dissolve amino acids needs to be investigated. In this study, the relative solubility of these amino acids in DESs were screened using Conductor-like Screening Method for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). Five DESs were selected from literature as the targeted solvents, i.e., choline chloride:urea (ChCl:Ur (1:2)), choline chloride:oxalic acid (ChCl:OA (1:2)), choline chloride:ethylene glycol (ChCl:EG (1:2)), sodium acetate:urea (NaAc:Ur (1:2)) and urea:acetate (Ur:Ace (1:2)), to dissolve amino acids in keratin according to the reported compositions. Additionally, the performance of these DESs were benchmarked with other common volatile organic solvents. It was found that the hydrophobic amino acids, particularly cystine, are highly soluble in ChCl:Ur (1:2), ChCl:OA (1:2) and Ur:Ace (1:2). The selected DESs were also predicted to have good dissolution capacity towards the hydrophobic amino acids. It was concluded that the use of DESs in dissolution and extraction of keratin provides more flexible dissolving capability and more environmentally friendly compared to the conventional organic or acidic solvents. This study provides positive insights on the potential of valorising chicken waste feathers using DESs.
Surface modification of PVDF membrane via graft polymerization of acetic and acrylic acid
Authors: Saleh S M , Oh P C , Zulkifli A S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Surface modification of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fibre membranes through simple chemical treatment is carried out to graft the surface with the presence of carboxylic acid groups. This is to provide means for TiO2 immobilisation in subsequent stages for photocatalysis application. The focus of this study was to identify the highest degree of grafting in order to provide abundant potential sites for subsequent TiO2 assembly. Both acetic and acrylic acid, at varying concentrations, were used and compared as the grafting monomer. It was observed that acrylic acid provides significantly higher grafting degree compared to acetic acid. The highest degree 238 μg/cm2 was obtained at 70% acrylic acid in water, where the surface contact angle significantly reduced to 37o. The highest grafting degree obtained using acetic acid was at 60% in water, which only achieved 31 μg/cm2. Minor improvement was also observed when the solvent for grafting solution was changed from water to toluene; the grafting degree slightly improved by 2% from 238 μg/cm2 to 243 μg/cm2. Higher grafting degree shall allow for more of TiO2 to be immobilized onto the membrane in subsequent work, hence potentially leading to better photocatalysis performance.
Aspen adsorption simulation on biosorption between water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Pb (II) ions in packed bed column
Authors: Boon C Y , Padmesh TVN 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Biosorption offers low capital and operating cost on removal of heavy metals from contaminated aqueous wastewater. This research study evaluated the effect of flow rates, initial concentration of Pb (II) ions, bed height and operating conditions of the continuous flow adsorption process on the breakthrough time of the bed column containing water hyacinth as biosorbent through simulation by using Aspen Adsorption. The simulation was conducted whereby the flow rates (Q) were varied between 0.2 L/s and 0.8 L/s, the initial concentration of Pb (II) ions (Co) were varied between 20 mg/L and 200 mg/L, and the bed height (h) were varied between 0.25m and 1.00 m. The objectives are achieved whereby, when Q decrease, Co decreases and the h increases, the breakthrough time increases. When Q is 0.2 L/s, Co is 20 mg/L and h is 1.00 m, the maximum breakthrough times achieved for Study A, B and C, are 7.70 hours, 9.27 hours and 6.2 hours respectively. Study B has the longest maximum breakthrough time due to it having operating temperature of 35 °C as well as having the optimum water hyacinth biosorbent particle size which is 0.75×10-3 m.
Evaluation of the Structure Characterisation of Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA and Ceramide 3
Authors: Chong C H , Khoo T-J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body and the skin barrier is important to reduce moisture loss, prevent irritations and bacterial infections. The complex skin barrier consists of essential lipids such as ceramides together with cholesterol and free fatty acids. Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA or PC-104 is claimed to be a compound created to mimic ceramides and claimed to have similar effectiveness as Ceramide 3 at moisturising the skin and restoring the skin barrier. The objective of this study is to evaluate the structure characterisation of Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA and whether it can be categorised as a ceramide. Three different spectroscopy and physico chemical analysis conducted on the two samples revealed the structural formula and chemical composition of Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA to be different from Ceramide 3. Therefore, the two compounds cannot be considered to contain the same chemical structural make up, based on spectral analysis generated by instrumentation. Hydroxypropyl Bispalmitamide MEA cannot be categorised as a ceramide because it is lacking the sphingosine moiety.
Spin–orbit interaction in non-paraxial Gaussian beams and the spin-only measurement of optical torque
Authors: Nieminen Timo A , Watson Mark L , Loke Vincent L Y , Stilgoe Alexander B , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A circularly polarized focussed Gaussian beam carries total angular momentum of

ℏ

per photon about the beam axis, but less than

ℏ

spin per photon, due to the focussing of the beam. The remainder of the angular momentum is carried as orbital angular momentum. When such beams are used to rotate microscopic birefringent particles in optical tweezers, the change in angular momentum can be optically measured. However, this measurement is made using the collimated transmitted beam, rather than the focussed beam. Therefore, the conversion of spin to orbital angular momentum by focussing or collimating the beam is expected to affect the measurement. We show that for the typical cases where rotating optical tweezers are used for such measurements, the error due to spin–orbit conversion is unimportant, but there exist cases where a spin-only torque measurement would be completely erroneous.
Giant effect on structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of lead-free Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1-xAlxO3 ceramics via Sr and Al Co-doping engineering
Authors: Mahmud Hasan , Ahamed Jamal Uddin , Khan Mohammed Nazrul Islam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this research, structural, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of Al
3+ substituted Ba0.6Sr0.4Ti1-xAlxO3 ceramics (where x = 0.00 to 0.20) have been investigated and discussed. The ceramic samples have been successfully synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The crystallinity of the prepared samples has been confirmed by x-ray peak broadening techniques such as the Williamson Hall (W-H) plot technique and the Scherrer method. The lattice constant ‘a’, showing a significant drop as Al concentration increases, varies from 3.942 Å to 3.921 Å. The FTIR spectrum revealed a prominent peak between 435 cm−1 to 540 cm−1, without showing any secondary phase. Raman spectroscopic analysis showed that the prepared samples are in cubic phase with no phase transition. The shifting of a dominating peak in Raman at 580 cm−1 is due to the development of Al

Ti
defects. VSM analysis at room temperature showed the ferromagnetic characteristics of all the samples. The highest value of the anisotropic constant (Ka ∼ 39.933 emu cm−3) has been seen at x = 0.10. The real component of initial permeability is almost constant for the frequency range of about 75 MHz, and above this frequency range, it quickly reduces. At the high-frequency range, the prepared samples show an excellent relative quality factor due to the low dielectric loss, notably when x = 0.05. The prepared perovskites exhibited minimum eddy current loss characteristics due to the increment of AC resistivity at x = 0.20. UV–visible spectroscopy shows a significant change in the energy bandgap from 3.23 eV to 3.04 eV with the doping concentrations.
Real-time semantic segmentation on FPGAs for autonomous vehicles with hls4ml
Authors: Ghielmetti Nicolò , Loncar Vladimir , Pierini Maurizio , Roed Marcel , Summers Sioni , Aarrestad Thea , Petersson Christoffer , Linander Hampus , Ngadiuba Jennifer , Lin Kelvin , Harris Philip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how field programmable gate arrays can serve as hardware accelerators for real-time semantic segmentation tasks relevant for autonomous driving. Considering compressed versions of the ENet convolutional neural network architecture, we demonstrate a fully-on-chip deployment with a latency of 4.9 ms per image, using less than 30% of the available resources on a Xilinx ZCU102 evaluation board. The latency is reduced to 3 ms per image when increasing the batch size to ten, corresponding to the use case where the autonomous vehicle receives inputs from multiple cameras simultaneously. We show, through aggressive filter reduction and heterogeneous quantization-aware training, and an optimized implementation of convolutional layers, that the power consumption and resource utilization can be significantly reduced while maintaining accuracy on the Cityscapes dataset.
Characterization of monolayer WSe2 sandwiched in a hetero-plasmonic dimer
Authors: Suri Priyanka , Deshpande Preeti , Ghosh Ambarish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent interests in layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as WSe2, MoS2, etc, arise due to their attractive electrical, optical, and mechanical properties with potential applications in energy storage, generation, and many more. Embedding these 2D materials in plasmonic cavities can further enhance light–matter interactions and alter their properties, resulting in diverse and efficient optoelectronic applications. The strain due to the geometry and charge transfer due to the plasmonic materials can further modify the TMDCs’ optical response for sensing applications and as single photon emitters in on-chip optoelectronic applications. This work discusses one such 2D-plasmonic hybrid configuration of a silver sphere on a gold disc with WSe2 sandwiched in between. We perform non-invasive Raman and PL studies of this system to estimate the field enhancement and discuss strain and doping induced in the TMDC.
Characterizing manufacturing sector disruptions with targeted mitigation strategies
Authors: Elimbi Moudio Marie Pelagie , Bolin Richard , Carpenter Alberta , Reese Samantha Bench , Shehabi Arman , Rao Prakash 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
It has become clear in recent decades that manufacturing supply chains are increasingly vulnerable to disruptions of varying geographical scales and intensities. These disruptions—whether intentional, accidental, or resulting from natural disasters—cause failures and capacity reductions to manufacturing infrastructure, with lasting effects that can cascade throughout the manufacturing network. An overall lack of understanding of solutions to mitigate disturbances has rendered the challenge of reducing manufacturing supply chain vulnerability even more difficult. Additionally, the variability of disruptions and their impacts complicates policy maker and stakeholder efforts to plan for specific disruptive scenarios. It is necessary to comprehend different kinds of disturbances and group them based on stakeholder-provided metrics to support planning processes and modeling efforts that promote adaptable, resilient manufacturing supply chains. This paper reviews existing methods for risk management in manufacturing supply chains and the economic and environmental impacts of disruptions. In addition, we develop a framework using agglomerative hierarchical clustering to classify disruptions using U.S. manufacturing network data between 2000 and 2021 and characteristic metrics defined in the literature. Our review identifies five groups of disruptions and discusses both general mitigation methods and strategies targeting each identified group. Further, we highlight gaps in the literature related to estimating and including environmental costs in disaster preparedness and mitigation planning. We also discuss the lack of easily available metrics to quantify environmental impacts of disruptions and how such metrics could be included into our methodology.
How many ways can you build a conifer cone? A commentary on ‘Origin and evolution of Podocarpaceae seed cones’
Authors: Leslie Andrew B 
Published: October 2022

This article comments on:
Raees Khan, Robert S. Hill, Veit M. Dörken and Ed Biffin, Detailed seed cone morpho-anatomy of the Prumnopityoid clade: an insight into the origin and evolution of Podocarpaceae seed cones, Annals of Botany, Volume 130, Issue 5, 1 November 2022, Pages 637–655 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac097
SYNPHONI: scale-free and phylogeny-aware reconstruction of synteny conservation and transformation across animal genomes
Authors: Robert Nicolas Serge Matthieu , Sarigol Fatih , Zieger Elisabeth , Simakov Oleg 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Summary
Current approaches detect conserved genomic order either at chromosomal (macrosynteny) or at subchromosomal scales (microsynteny). The latter generally requires collinearity and hard thresholds on syntenic region size, thus excluding a major proportion of syntenies with recent expansions or minor rearrangements. ‘SYNPHONI’ bridges the gap between micro- and macrosynteny detection, providing detailed information on both synteny conservation and transformation throughout the evolutionary history of animal genomes.

Availability and implementation
Source code is freely available at https://github.com/nsmro/SYNPHONI, implemented in Python 3.9.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.