bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound evaluation of fetal bone development in the collared (Pecari tajacu) and white‐lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari)
Authors: Pereira Thyago Habner de Souza , Monteiro Frederico Ozanan Barros , Pereira da Silva Gessiane , Rodrigues de Matos Sandy Estefany , El Bizri Hani Rocha , Valsecchi João , Bodmer Richard E. , Pérez Peña Pedro , Coutinho Leandro Nassar , López Plana Carlos , Mayor Pedro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study of fetal development allows for evaluating the different strategies adopted by mammal species to maximize neonatal survival. Autonomous locomotion is fundamental for newborns to perform foraging activities and increases newborn survival from predation. In this study, we assess the gestational bone development of 53 collared (CP, Pecari tajacu) and 61 white‐lipped (WLP, Tayassu pecari) peccaries, collected through the collaboration of subsistence hunters in the Amazon. The bone mineralization and biometry of the axial and appendicular skeleton were assessed by ultrasound examinations, and the timing of the main bone developmental events was calculated in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL) and the percentage of the total gestational period (GP). The first US signs of mineralization of the axial skeleton in CP and WLP were observed in fetuses with 3.4 cm (42 gestation days, 30% GPCP) and 5.1 cm (51 gestation days, 32% GPWLP). The early development of the appendicular skeleton was observed by the synchronic appearance of the mineralized scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, ilium, ischium, femur, tibia, and fibula at 36% GPCP (50 gestation days), and 35% GPWLP (56 gestation days). The pubis was mineralized in fetuses at 55% GPCP (75 gestation days) and 59% GPWLP (94 gestation days). The mineralization was observed in all autopod bones at 79% GPCP (109 gestation days) and 67% GPWLP (106 gestation days). All primary ossification centers in long bones of thoracic and pelvic limbs were mineralized in advanced fetuses (GPCP and GPWLP ≥75%). The mineralized patella was not observed in advanced fetuses in either species. Secondary ossification centers first appeared at the distal epiphysis of the femur in the CP (99 gestation days, 72% GPCP) and the distal epiphysis of the radius, femur, and tibia in the WLP (106 gestation days, 67% GPWLP). Advanced fetuses of CP and WLP presented 60% (15/25) and 68% (17/25) of the total secondary ossification centers observed present in the adult domestic pig, while newborns from the domestic pig presented 52% (13/25). The early intrauterine development of the skeletal system in both peccary species suggests a precocial development strategy, which likely correlates with neonatal ability to escape predators and reduces the dependence on parental care.
Direct versus iterated multiperiod Value‐at‐Risk forecasts
Authors: Ruiz Esther , Nieto María Rosa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince the late nineties, the Basel Accords require financial institutions to measure their financial risk by reporting daily predictions of Value at Risk (VaR) based on 10‐day returns. However, a vast part of the related literature deals with VaR predictions based on one‐period returns. Given its relevance for practitioners, in this paper, we survey the literature on available procedures to estimate VaR over an h‐period. First, to convert 1 day into 10‐day VaR, it is popular to use the square‐root‐of‐time (SRoT) rule, which is only satisfied under very restrictive and unrealistic properties of returns. Alternatively, direct (based on h‐period returns) and iterated (based on one‐period returns) two‐step procedures can be implemented to obtain 10‐period VaR. We also illustrate and compare the performance of these procedures in the context of popular conditionally heteroscedastic models for returns using both simulated and real data. We show that, under realistic assumptions on the distribution of returns, multiperiod VaR predictions based on iterating an asymmetric GJR model with normal or bootstrapped errors are usually preferred. We also show that, in general, direct methods could be not only biased but also inefficient.
Climate drives rhizosphere microbiome variation and divergent selection between geographically distant Arabidopsis populations
Authors: Durán Paloma , Ellis Thomas James , Thiergart Thorsten , Ågren Jon , Hacquard Stéphane 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Disentangling the contribution of climatic and edaphic factors to microbiome variation and local adaptation in plants requires an experimental approach to uncouple their effects and test for causality.

We used microbial inocula, soil matrices and plant genotypes derived from two natural Arabidopsis thaliana populations in northern and southern Europe in an experiment conducted in climatic chambers mimicking seasonal changes in temperature, day length and light intensity of the home sites of the two genotypes.

The southern A. thaliana genotype outperformed the northern genotype in the southern climate chamber, whereas the opposite was true in the northern climate chamber. Recipient soil matrix, but not microbial composition, affected plant fitness, and effects did not differ between genotypes. Differences between chambers significantly affected rhizosphere microbiome assembly, although these effects were small in comparison with the shifts induced by physicochemical differences between soil matrices.

The results suggest that differences in seasonal changes in temperature, day length and light intensity between northern and southern Europe have strongly influenced adaptive differentiation between the two A. thaliana populations, whereas effects of differences in soil factors have been weak. By contrast, below‐ground differences in soil characteristics were more important than differences in climate for rhizosphere microbiome differentiation.
X-Ray Induced Chemical Reaction Revealed by In Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning X-Ray Microscopy in 15 nm Resolution
Authors: Ge Mingyuan , Liu Wenjun , Bock David C. , De Andrade Vincent , Yan Hanfei , Huang Xiaojing , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Xin Huolin , Chu Yong S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The detection sensitivity of synchrotron-based X-ray techniques has been largely improved due to the ever-increasing source brightness, which has significantly advanced ex situ and in situ research for energy materials such as lithium-ion batteries. However, the strong beam–material interaction arising from the high beam flux can substantially modify the material structure. The beam-induced parasitic effect inevitably interferes with the intrinsic material property, making the interpretation of the experimental results difficult and requiring comprehensive assessments. Here, we present a quantitative study of the beam effect on an electrode material Ag2VO2PO4 using four different X-ray characterization methods with different radiation dose rates. The material system exhibits interesting and reversible radiation-induced thermal and chemical reactions, further evaluated under electron microscopy to illustrate the underlying mechanism. The work will provide a guideline for using synchrotron X-rays to distinguish the intrinsic behavior from extrinsic structure change of materials induced by X-rays.
Cognitive prehabilitation for geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery: a PRISMA-P-compliant protocol for a systematic review
Authors: He Yu , Zou Wenchen , Han Xiaochai , Chen Caitao , Zhang Anren , Sun Nianyi 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe ageing of the population, as well as advances and improvements in surgery, and anaesthesia have greatly increased the demand for surgical services in geriatric patients. Neurocognitive disorders are the most common complications experienced in the postoperative period by older individuals. Improving perioperative brain health in older adults has become key actions for the multidisciplinary perioperative care teams. This comprehensive systematic review will assess the effectiveness and safety of cognitive prehabilitation programmes prior to surgery on cognitive functional capacity and postoperative cognitive outcomes in geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery.Methods and analysisThis protocol was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The following key electronic bibliographic databases will be searched from inception to July 2022: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PEDro, PsycINFO, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG database and VIP. We will include randomised controlled trials published in English or Chinese that examine the effects of cognitive prehabilitation programmes on geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery. To construct the search strategy, the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study scheme will be used. Two reviewers will independently complete the study screening, selection, data extraction and quality rating. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A narrative or quantitative synthesis will be conducted based on the final data. The planned start and end dates for the study were 1 September 2021 and 1 August 2023.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for this protocol. The results of the final review will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021277191.
‘Communication, that is the key’: a qualitative investigation of how essential workers with COVID-19 responded to public health information
Authors: Roe Mark , Buggy Conor , Ingram Carolyn , Codd Mary , Buckley Claire , Archibald Mary , Rachwal Natalia , Downey Vicky , Chen Yanbing , Sripaiboonkij Penpatra , Drummond Anne , Alvarez Elizabeth , Perrotta Carla 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo understand how essential workers with confirmed infections responded to information on COVID-19.DesignQualitative analysis of semistructured interviews conducted in collaboration with the national contact tracing management programme in Ireland.SettingSemistructured interviews conducted via telephone and Zoom Meetings.Participants18 people in Ireland with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections using real-time PCR testing of oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs. All individuals were identified as part of workplace outbreaks defined as ≥2 individuals with epidemiologically linked infections.ResultsA total of four high-order themes were identified: (1) accessing essential information early, (2) responses to emerging ‘infodemic’, (3) barriers to ongoing engagement and (4) communication strategies. Thirteen lower order or subthemes were identified and agreed on by the researchers.ConclusionsOur findings provide insights into how people infected with COVID-19 sought and processed related health information throughout the pandemic. We describe strategies used to navigate excessive and incomplete information and how perceptions of information providers evolve overtime. These results can inform future communication strategies on COVID-19.
Measuring anti-transgender stigma in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Tanner Amanda E , Goldenberg Tamar , Erausquin Jennifer Toller , Mertus Sulianie , Jibriel Mohammed Sheikh Eldin , Barrington Clare 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionGlobally, transgender and other gender diverse (trans) people face pervasive stigma, which contributes to health inequities across multiple health outcomes. Stigma is a fundamental cause of health inequities because it simultaneously limits access to resources, contributes to systemic vulnerability and generates chronic stress. Anti-trans stigma occurs across multiple socioecological levels, resulting in multiple possible definitions and measurements of trans stigma. Understanding how trans stigma has been measured in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is critical to health promotion efforts for trans communities. Accordingly, this scoping review will identify and examine how anti-trans stigma has been measured in existing LMIC-specific research to inform best practices for measurement of anti-trans stigma that includes consideration of local context.Methods and analysisThis is the protocol for a scoping review of anti-trans stigma in LMICs. We will search (from January 2001 to December 2021) PubMed, WHO Global Medicus and EBSCO. Study selection will conform to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Original studies in English, Spanish, Arabic or Russian will be included. Reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles and abstract data. Data analysis will involve quantitative and qualitative methods. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationAs a scoping review (no direct interaction with participants), this study is exempt from human subjects oversight. Understanding context-specific ways to measure anti-trans stigma is urgently needed to support trans health globally. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap. Results of the review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and likely in other media such as conferences, seminars and symposia.Protocol registration numberosf.io/qcs2v
Predictive value of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness for postoperative visual improvement in patients with pituitary macroadenoma
Authors: Kurian Deepthi Elizabeth , V Rajshekhar , Horo Saban , Chacko Ari G , Prabhu Krishna , Mahasampath Gowri , Korah Sanita 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the usefulness of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and a reliable cut-off value that can predict postoperative visual function improvement in patients with pituitary macroadenoma.Methods and AnalysisThis was a prospective observational study. Preoperative optical coherence tomography of the RNFL was performed in patients with pituitary macroadenoma. Postoperative visual function changes (acuity and visual fields) were identified using predefined criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for RNFL values to define the ideal cut-off value that predicted improvement. Other variables including preoperative visual acuity, mean deviation, visual field index and tumour volume were also analysed.ResultsTwenty-nine eligible subjects (58 eyes) were recruited. The mean (±SD) age was 43.9 (±12.85) years and 65.5% were male. The mean (±SE) follow-up duration was 20.8 (±6.42) months. RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in eyes with visual dysfunction and optic disc pallor. Better preoperative logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity, higher RNFL thickness and smaller tumour volume were associated with postoperative visual field improvement on univariate analysis; however, only mean RNFL thickness had significant association on multivariate analysis. None of the preoperative variables showed significant association with improvement in visual acuity. The best cut-off of mean RNFL thickness for visual field improvement was estimated at 81 μm with 73.1% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity.ConclusionPreoperative RNFL thickness can be an objective predictor of visual field outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for pituitary macroadenomas, with moderate sensitivity and specificity. It is, however, not a good predictor of visual acuity outcome.
Efficacy and safety of anti-PD1 monotherapy or in combination with ipilimumab after BRAF/MEK inhibitors in patients with BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma
Authors: Pires da Silva Ines , Zakria Danny , Ahmed Tasnia , Trojanello Claudia , Dimitriou Florentia , Allayous Clara , Gerard Camille , Zimmer Lisa , Lo Serigne , Michielin Olivier , Lebbe Celeste , Mangana Johanna , Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Johnson Douglas B , Carlino Matteo , Menzies Alexander , Long Georgina 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPatients with V600BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma have higher rates of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with first-line anti-PD1 (PD1]+anti-CTLA-4 (IPI) versus PD1. Whether this is also true after BRAF/MEKi therapy is unknown. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of PD1 versus IPI +PD1 after BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAF/MEKi).MethodsPatients with V600BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF/MEKi who had subsequent PD1 versus IPI+PD1 at eight centers were included. The endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), PFS, OS and safety in each group.ResultsOf 200 patients with V600E (75%) or non-V600E (25%) mutant metastatic melanoma treated with BRAF/MEKi (median time of treatment 7.6 months; treatment cessation due to progressive disease in 77%), 115 (57.5%) had subsequent PD1 and 85 (42.5%) had IPI+PD1. Differences in patient characteristics between PD1 and IPI+PD1 groups included, age (med. 63 vs 54 years), time between BRAF/MEKi and PD1±IPI (16 vs 4 days), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) of ≥1 (62% vs 44%), AJCC M1C/M1D stage (72% vs 94%) and progressing brain metastases at the start of PD1±IPI (34% vs 57%). Median follow-up from PD1±IPI start was 37.8 months (95% CI, 33.9 to 52.9). ORR was 36%; 34% with PD1 vs 39% with IPI+PD1 (p=0.5713). Median PFS was 3.4 months; 3.4 with PD1 vs 3.6 months with IPI+PD1 (p=0.6951). Median OS was 15.4 months; 14.4 for PD1 vs 20.5 months with IPI+PD1 (p=0.2603). The rate of grade 3 or 4 toxicities was higher with IPI+PD1 (31%) vs PD1 (7%). ORR, PFS and OS were numerically higher with IPI+PD1 vs PD1 across most subgroups except for females, those with <10 days between BRAF/MEKi and PD1±IPI, and those with stage III/M1A/M1B melanoma. The combination of ECOG PS=0 and absence of liver metastases identified patients with >3 years OS (area under the curve, AUC=0.74), while ECOG PS ≥1, progressing brain metastases and presence of bone metastases predicted primary progression (AUC=0.67).ConclusionsIPI+PD1 and PD1 after BRAF/MEKi have similar outcomes despite worse baseline prognostic features in the IPI+PD1 group, however, IPI+PD1 is more toxic. A combination of clinical factors can identify long-term survivors, but less accurately those with primary resistance to immunotherapy after targeted therapy.
A new methodology to measure faultlines at scale leveraging digital traces
Authors: Mehrjoo Amir , Cuevas Rubén , Cuevas Ángel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe definition of society is tight with human group-level behavior. Groupfaultlinesdefined ashypothetical lines splitting groups into homogeneous subgroups based on members’ attributeshave been proposed as a theoretical method to identify conflicts within groups. For instance, crusades and women’s rights protests are the consequences of strong faultlines in societies with diverse cultures.Measuring the presence and strength of faultlines represents an important challenge. Existing literature resorts in questionnaires as traditional tool to find group-level behavioral attributes and thus identify faultlines. However, questionnaire data usually come with limitations and biases, especially for large-scale human group-level research. On top of that, questionnaires limit faultline research due to the possibility of dishonest answers, unconscientious responses, and differences in understanding and interpretation.In this paper, we propose a new methodology for measuring faultlines in large-scale groups, which leverages data readily available from online social networks’ marketing platforms. Our methodology overcomes the limitations of traditional methods to measure group-level attributes and group faultlines at scale.To prove the applicability of our methodology, we analyzed the faultlines between people living in Spain, grouped by geographical regions. We collected data on 67,270 interest topics from Facebook users living in Spain, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. We computed existing metrics to measure faultlines’ distance and strenght using our data to identify potential faultlines existing among Spanish regions. The results reveal that the strongest faultlines in Spain belong to Spanish Islands (the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands), Catalonia, and Basque regions. These findings are aligned with the historical secessionist movements and cultural diversity reports supporting the validity of our methodology.
Are You Left Out?
Authors: Zhou Pengyuan , Xu Hengwei , Lee Lik Hang , Fang Pei , Hui Pan 
Published: July 2022

Wearable computers engage in percutaneous interactions with human users and revolutionize the way of learning human activities. Due to rising privacy concerns, federated learning has been recently proposed to train wearable data with privacy preservation collaboratively. However, under the state-of-the-art (SOTA) schemes, user profiles on wearable devices of inferior networking conditions are regarded as 'left out'. Such schemes suffer from three fundamental limitations: (1) the widely adopted network-capacity-based client selection leads to biased training; (2) the aggregation has low communication efficiency; (3) users lack convenient channels for providing feedback on wearable devices.
Therefore, this paper proposes a Fair and Communication-efficient Federated Learning scheme, namely FCFL. FCFL is a full-stack learning system specifically designed for wearable computers, improving the SOTA performance in terms of communication efficiency, fairness, personalization, and user experience. To this end, we design a technique named ThrowRightAway (TRA) to loose the network capacity constraints. Clients with poor networks are allowed to be selected as participators to improve the representation and guarantee the model's fairness. Remarkably, we propose Movement Aware Federated Learning (MAFL) to aggregate only the model updates with top contributions to the global model for the sake of communication efficiency. Accordingly, we implemented an FCFL-supported prototype as a sports application on smartwatches. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrated that FCFL is a communication efficient scheme significantly reducing uploaded data by up to 29.77%, with a prominent feature of guaranteeing enhanced fairness up to 65.07%. Also, FCFL achieves robust personalization performance (i.e., 20% improvements of global model accuracy) in the face of packet loss below a certain fraction (10%-30%). A follow-up user survey shows that our FCFL-supported prototypical system on wearable devices significantly reduces users' workload.
Transcriptomic Analysis and Histological Alteration of Black Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) Liver Fed Different Protein/Energy Ratio Diets
Authors: Wang Lei , Sagada Gladstone , Wang Bin , Xu Bingying , Zhen Lu , Yan Yunzhi , Shao Qingjun 
Published: July 2022

To systematically investigate the effects of different protein/energy (P/E) ratio diets on the microstructure and metabolic response of black sea bream liver, fish (initial weight

11.20
±
0.20

g) were fed three isoenergetic (20.9 kJ/g) diets with varying protein/lipid levels (LR, 28.8% protein/26.3% lipid; MR, 37.5% protein/20.9% lipid; and HR, 42.8% protein/17.3% lipid, P/E ratio increased gradually) for 8 weeks. The lipid and glycogen contents in the liver decreased with increasing dietary P/E ratios (

P
<
0.05

). Histological observation found that the liver of the LR group presented many adipose cells, along with polarized nucleus, massive lipid droplets, and unclear organelle structure. The liver cellular structures of MR and HR groups were normal with some small unmatured lipid droplets. RNA-Seq was applied to investigate the hepatic transcriptome response to different P/E ratio diets of black sea bream. Different levels of gene expressions were identified in the signaling pathways related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, immune system, etc. The LR diet inhibited the genes related to lipid oxidation, glycolysis, and protein metabolism, whereas the HR diet inhibited those of glycolysis and protein catabolism. The present study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of different P/E ratio diets on the liver metabolism of black sea bream.