bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of compendial nonionic detergents for the replacement of Triton X‐100 in bioprocessing
Authors: Hunter Alan K. , Rezvani Kamiyar , Aspelund Matthew T. , Xi Guoling , Gadre Dhanesh , Linke Thomas , Cai Kang , Mulagapati Sri Hari Raju , Witkos Tomasz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe have systematically investigated six compendial nonionic detergents as potential replacements for Triton ×‐100 in bioprocessing applications. Use of compendial raw materials in cGMP bioprocessing is advantageous for a variety of reasons including material specifications developed to meet stringent pharmaceutical product quality requirements, regulatory familiarity and comfort, and availability from vendors experienced supplying the biopharmaceutical industry. We first examine material properties of the detergents themselves including melting point and viscosity. Process performance and product contact in real‐world bioprocess applications are then investigated. Lastly, we test the detergents in virus inactivation (VI) experiments with recombinant proteins and adeno‐associated virus. Two of the detergents tested, PEG 9 Lauryl Ether and PEG 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides, showed favorable properties that make them attractive for use as potential Triton X‐100 replacements. Process performance testing indicated negligible impact of the detergents on product yield, purity, and activity compared to a control with no detergent. Importantly, both PEG 9 Lauryl Ether and PEG 6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides demonstrated very fast VI kinetics with complete inactivation of XMuLV observed in less than 1 min at a target 1% detergent concentration. Potential advantages and disadvantages of both candidate detergents for use in cGMP bioprocessing are summarized and discussed.
To taste not to waste: Can exposure to TV cooking shows cultivate food waste reduction?
Authors: Elhoushy Sayed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFood waste reduction is a global sustainable development target. The rise of television (TV) cooking shows across countries presents a powerful media for educating millions of consumers about food. Yet, whether exposure to TV cooking shows increases or decreases consumer food waste is not clear. Drawing on the cultivation theory, theory of planned behavior, norm‐activation model, and activism self‐identity, this study uniquely examines the relationships between exposure to TV cooking shows and food waste reduction intentions. Data from 429 consumers in Egypt were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. All variables in the extended theory of planned behavior model, including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, personal norms, and activism self‐identity were supported. Our results reveal indirect relationships between exposure to TV cooking shows and food waste reduction intentions. Specifically, exposure diversity (i.e., watching different shows) is negatively related to food waste reduction intentions through personal norms and perceived behavioral control. Additionally, more time spent watching TV cooking shows may encourage food waste. Yet, exposure to these shows can cultivate food waste reduction if suitable content is displayed. These results have important implications for marketers and policy makers.
Carbon Aerogel Based Thin Electrodes for Zero‐Gap all Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries – Quantifying the Factors Leading to Optimum Performance
Authors: Parra‐Puerto Andres , Rubio‐Garcia Javier , Markiewicz Matthew , Zheng Zhuo , Kucernak Anthony 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDirect growth of resorcinol−formaldehyde carbon aerogels (CAGs) on carbon paper electrodes was achieved using a new approach. Materials with variations in density, mesoporosity and microporosity were prepared. Microstructural properties of the resultant thin electrodes are shown to directly influence performance in zero‐gap redox flow battery (RFB). BET analysis shows a total surface area between 643 to 931 m2 g−1. Deposition of only ≈15 wt.% CAG on the carbon electrode leads to a 320‐fold increase in electrochemical surface area. Analysis of the results saw a strong positive correlation of RFB performance with surface area. The best performing electrodes had a good balance between microporous and external surface area, and on the macroscopic scale had sufficiently large pores to allow efficient electrolyte permeation. The poorest performing electrodes which had the highest surface area, also had poor macroscopic porosity leading to large mass transport and solution resistance losses. The best performing electrodes were tested in a zero‐gap setup using polarization curves, showing a 25 % increase in power density at 100 mA cm−2 and a peak power density of 706 mW cm−2 at 1 V using thin electrodes.
Role of Anionic Backbone in NHC‐Stabilized Coinage Metal Complexes: New Precursors for Atomic Layer Deposition**
Authors: Boysen Nils , Philip Anish , Rogalla Detlef , Karppinen Maarit , Devi Anjana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCu and Ag precursors that are volatile, reactive, and thermally stable are currently of high interest for their application in atomic‐layer deposition (ALD) of thin metal films. In pursuit of new precursors for coinage metals, namely Cu and Ag, a series of new N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐based CuI and AgI complexes were synthesized. Modifications in the substitution pattern of diketonate‐based anionic backbones led to five monomeric Cu complexes and four closely related Ag complexes with the general formula [M(tBuNHC)(R)] (M=Cu, Ag; tBuNHC=1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene; R=diketonate). Thermal analysis indicated that most of the Cu complexes are thermally stable and volatile compared to the more fragile Ag analogs. One of the promising Cu precursors was evaluated for the ALD of nanoparticulate Cu metal deposits by using hydroquinone as the reducing agent at appreciably low deposition temperatures (145–160 °C). This study highlights the considerable impact of the employed ligand sphere on the structural and thermal properties of metal complexes that are relevant for vapor‐phase processing of thin films.
Highly Site‐ and Enantioselective N—H Functionalization of N‐Monosubstituted Aniline Derivatives Affording Pyrazolones Bearing a Quaternary Stereocenter
Authors: Wang Guan‐Jun , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Sun Zhen‐Liang , Li Peng , Ding Tong‐Mei 
Published: January 2022

Comprehensive SummaryChiral phosphoric acid catalyzed the regio‐ and enantioselective N—H functionalization of N‐alkylaniline with pyrazolones derived ketimines as electrophiles, providing a variety of chiral pyrazolones containing a tetrasubstituted stereocenter bearing a new N,N’‐acetal motif in excellent yields and high enantioselectivities. This strategy was featured by low catalyst loading, mild conditions, and high efficiency and selectivity.
Flow splitting scheme over link‐disjoint multiple paths in software‐defined networking
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhou Jian‐Tao , Xing Hai‐Feng , Guo Xiao‐Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultipath networking schemes can be employed to efficiently balance traffic and address link failures. However, these schemes can also cause packet disorder, thereby deteriorating the overall network performance. To address these problems, we propose splitting a single flow over a multipath scheme (SFMS) at a fine granularity based on software‐defined networking. The SFMS splits an elephant flow into several subflows according to the residual bandwidths and delays of the link‐disjointed paths inter the data centers (inter‐DC) network to enhance the transmission efficiency of traffic. The experimental results confirm that the SFMS not only reduces the flow completion time required from the time the first packet of an elephant flow is sent until the last packet is received while avoiding packet disorder.
Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of adjuvant cytokine‐induced killer cell immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients after surgery
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhou Haodong , Huang Wenwen , Wang Xuejuan , Meng Mingyao , Hou Zongliu , Liao Liwei , Tang Weiwei , Xie Yanhua , Wang Ruotian , Yu Haidong , Wang Liqiong , Zhu Huirong , Wang Wenju , Tan Jing , Li Ruhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesEven though postoperative chemotherapy can eliminate residual tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), severe adversity, weakened immunity and drug resistance are still problems. Adjuvant cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cell therapy is an alternative to CRC patients after surgery. The present study investigated the efficacy of adjuvant CIK cell therapy combined with chemotherapy in postoperative CRC patients.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included 137 postoperative CRC patients, including 71 who received adjuvant chemotherapy alone (control group) and 66 who received adjuvant immunotherapy based on CIK cells combined with chemotherapy (CIT group).ResultsLong‐term follow‐up study indicated that overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were significantly longer in the CIT group than in the control group. Subgroup analyses showed that CIT treatment significantly improved OS and PFS of CRC patients classified as stage II and N0 stage and in patients with primary tumors in the rectum. Increasing the number of CIK infusions resulted in better prognosis. CRC patients aged < 65 years were found to benefit more from CIT‐based therapy than patients aged ≥ 65 years. A retrospective case–control study indicated that the primary tumor expression of signalling lymphocytes activating molecule family 7 (SLAMF7) was associated with increased efficacy of CIT treatment.ConclusionsAdjuvant CIT therapy was an effective therapeutic strategy for postoperative CRC patients prolonging OS and PFS. Patient age, tumor stage and expression of SLAMF7 may be potential indicators of the efficacy of CIT therapy.
Socio‐ecological drivers of public conservation voting: Restoring gray wolves to Colorado, USA
Authors: Ditmer Mark A. , Niemiec Rebecca M. , Wittemyer George , Crooks Kevin R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence real‐world public conservation behaviors is critical for developing successful conservation policies and management actions. Citizens of Colorado, USA recently passed a ballot initiative to restore the gray wolf to its former range within the state. The >3 million votes offer an unprecedented opportunity to test factors that influenced decisions to support or oppose this conservation action. We created spatial linear regression models to assess the relationship between support for wolf restoration and (1) the presidential vote, (2) distance to conservation intervention (i.e., proposed wolf reintroduction and existing wolves), and measures of (3) livelihood and (4) demographics using precinct‐level data. Our results demonstrate the strong relationship between support for wolf restoration and political support for the Democratic candidate for president in the 2020 election, and highlight how other factors, including increased age, participation in elk hunting, and proximity to the reintroduction region were associated with less support. Our findings underscore the critical role of politicization on public conservation action and the need to develop outreach and engagement strategies to mitigate polarization.
Increasing taxonomic diversity and spatial resolution clarifies opportunities for protecting US imperiled species
Authors: Hamilton Healy , Smyth Regan L. , Young Bruce E. , Howard Timothy G. , Tracey Christopher , Breyer Sean , Cameron D. Richard , Chazal Anne , Conley Amy K. , Frye Charlie , Schloss Carrie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContinental‐ and regional‐scale assessments of gaps in protected area networks typically use relatively coarse range maps for well documented species groups, creating uncertainty about the fate of unexamined biodiversity and providing insufficient guidance for land managers. By building habitat suitability models for a taxonomically diverse group of 2216 imperiled plants and animals, we revealed comprehensive and detailed protection opportunities in the conterminous United States. Summing protection‐weighted range‐size rarity (PWRSR, the product of the percent of modeled habitat outside of protected areas and the inverse of modeled habitat extent) uncovered novel patterns of biodiversity importance. Concentrations of unprotected imperiled species in places such as the northern Sierra Nevada, central and northern Arizona, the Rocky Mountains of Utah and Colorado, southeastern Texas, southwestern Arkansas, and Florida's Lake Wales Ridge have rarely if ever been featured in continental‐ and regional‐scale analyses. Inclusion of diverse taxa (vertebrates, freshwater mussels, crayfishes, bumble bees, butterflies, skippers, and vascular plants) partially drove these new patterns. When analyses were restricted to groups typically included in previous studies (birds, mammals, and amphibians), up to 53% of imperiled species in other groups were left out. The finer resolution of modeled inputs (990 m) also resulted in a more geographically dispersed pattern. For example, 90% of the human population of the conterminous United States lives within 50 km of modeled habitat for one or more species with high PWRSR scores. Over one‐half of the habitat for 818 species occurs within federally lands managed for biodiversity protection; an additional 360 species have over one‐half of their modeled habitat on federal multiple use land. Freshwater animals occur in places with poorer landscape condition but with less exposure to climate change than other groups, suggesting that habitat restoration is an important conservation strategy for these species. The results provide fine‐scale, taxonomically diverse inputs for local and regional priority‐setting and show that although protection efforts are still widely needed on private lands, notable gains can be achieved by increasing protection status on selected federal lands.
The force that rules the world: Commentary on Fenton‐O'Creevy and Tuckett (2021)
Authors: von der Gracht Heiko A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn their submission to Futures and Foresight Science (2021), Fenton‐O'Creevy and Tuckett explore an extensive theme in human cultural and scientific history: the conviction narrative. In their article, they discuss the fundamental importance of narratives for foresight practice. This commentary acknowledges that approach and expands on it with some additional generalized considerations. But not only foresight is shaped by persuasive narratives—What about science, politics, management, and society? Does not every kind of long‐term activity, and even more so one of the proactive measures, presupposes a conviction on the part of the active stakeholder that is based on an exceedingly convincing story? The conviction narrative is the force that rules the world.
Primary temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma: Comparing the prognostic value of the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification (8th edition) with the revised Pittsburgh staging system
Authors: Zanoletti Elisabetta , Franz Leonardo , Favaretto Niccolò , Cazzador Diego , Franchella Sebastiano , Calvanese Leonardo , Nicolai Piero , Mazzoni Antonio , Marioni Gino 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRetrospectively considering a temporal bone squamous cell carcinomas (TBSCCs) series, our aim was to compare the predictive power of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (8th edition) with the revised Pittsburgh staging system (rPSS) in terms of disease‐free survival (DFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS).MethodsForty‐three TBSCCs consecutively treated surgically were reviewed. The prognostic performance of AJCC and rPSS was compared.ResultsThe areas under the curves for the prediction of DFS, DSS, and OS did not differ significantly between both staging systems (p = 0.518, p = 0.940, and p = 0.910, respectively). Harrel's C‐indexes for respectively the AJCC and rPSS were 0.76 and 0.70 for DFS, 0.73 and 0.76 for DSS, 0.66 and 0.63 for OS.ConclusionComparable prognostic accuracy was observed between AJCC and rPSS. Levels of prognostic performance were only acceptable for both systems, according to Hosmer–Lemeshow scale. Further efforts are needed to define new TBSCC staging modalities with higher prognostic reliability.
Risk Associations of Glycemic Burden and Obesity With Liver Cancer—A 10‐Year Analysis of 15,280 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mao Dandan , Lau Eric S.H. , Wu Hongjiang , Yang Aimin , Fan Baoqi , Shi Mai , Tam Claudia H.T. , Chow Elaine , Kong Alice P.S. , Ma Ronald C.W. , Luk Andrea , Chan Juliana C.N. 
Published: January 2022

Liver is a major site for glucose metabolism. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity have increased risk of liver cancer. We explored the association of glycemic burden (GB) and obesity with liver cancer in T2D in the prospective Hong Kong Diabetes Register (1995‐2019). We calculated GB using the area under the curve above hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 5.7% and defined obesity as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between GB and liver cancer. We included 15,280 patients with at least 10 years of disease duration before liver cancer occurred or censor date, ≥3 years of observation, and ≥5 HbA1c measurements (64% male, age: 58.23 ± 12.47 years, HbA1c: 7.60 ± 1.65%, BMI: 25.58 ± 4.10 kg/m2). We excluded 3 years of HbA1c values before liver cancer to avoid reverse causality. Every 1‐SD increase in GB was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of liver cancer of 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01‐1.47). The top GB quartile group (range: >2.41) had aHR of 1.78 (1.01‐3.13) versus the lowest quartile group (0‐1.19). The aHRs for each SD increase in GB were 1.34 (1.05, 1.70) in the obese group and 1.12 (0.81‐1.53) in the nonobese group, but no interaction (P
interaction = 0.120). When stratified by GB median (1.69 [1.13, 2.43]) and obesity, obese patients with high GB had the highest aHR of 2.51 (1.44‐4.37) for liver cancer versus the nonobese group with low GB, but no interaction (P
interaction = 0.071). Subgroup analysis of patients with available hepatitis B surface antigen status (n = 9,248) yielded similar results. Conclusion: Our results emphasized the importance of glycemic and weight control for reducing the risk of liver cancer in T2D.
Long‐term inflation expectations and inflation dynamics
Authors: Pétursson Thórarinn G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAfter rising sharply following the Global Financial Crisis, inflation in Iceland has been low and stable in recent years despite a strong cyclical recovery. This not only reflects favourable external conditions but also coincides with a significant decline in long‐term inflation expectations in financial markets. It is argued, however, that this market‐based measure of inflation expectations actually underestimates the true decline in long‐term inflation expectations of price setters. To extract this unobserved wedge between inflation expectations of price setters and financial agents, we estimate a time‐varying parameter Phillips curve model for the inflation‐targeting period since 2001, adjusting also for an unobserved risk premium in market‐based inflation expectations. The empirical results suggest that the expectations wedge was significantly positive until early 2012, after which it starts to gradually decline towards zero. The true decline in long‐term inflation expectations of actual price setters is, therefore, much steeper than is captured by the market‐based measure and taking this into account results in a stable and plausible specification of the Phillips curve that can explain key features of the recent inflation developments in Iceland.
Obstetrical anal sphincter injury and unnecessary episiotomy are both associated with anal incontinence 8 years after childbirth: A nationwide database analysis
Authors: Levaillant Mathieu , Legendre Guillaume , Rebmann Emeline , Hamel Jean‐François , Venara Aurélien 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationship between anal incontinence (AI) 8 years after childbirth and the occurrence of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and/or performance of an episiotomy during childbirth.MethodsThis is a nationwide database analysis performed on two national medico‐administrative databases, including all the women aged 18 years or older who delivered infants in France in 2012. The main outcome measure was AI in the 8 years after delivery.ResultsOf the 163 443 perineal tears reported, 0.47% were grade 3 (n = 3173) and 0.08% were grade 4 (n = 579); 8938 women experienced AI (1.33%) and 261 women experienced severe AI (0.04%). Episiotomies performed in the absence of risk factors for OASIS were significantly associated with an increased risk of AI (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.49–1.69; P < 0.001). Grade 3 and 4 OASIS also significantly increased the risk of AI and severe AI. Mediolateral episiotomy was preventive of OASIS when performed in women at risk (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.23–0.30; P < 0.001) but contributed to OASIS in the absence of risk (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.98–2.40; P < 0.001).ConclusionOASIS present a risk factor for AI. Episiotomies could reduce the occurrence of OASIS, but they could also increase the risk of long‐term AI in the absence of risk factors for OASIS.
Highly efficient removal of 2,4‐dichlorophenal over a novel dual Z‐scheme heterojunction of Bi7O9I3/BiOIO3/g‐C3N4 under visible‐light irradiation: performance and mechanism
Authors: You Dandan , Li Ming , Pan Zhuren , Yin Zhenyang , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND2,4‐Dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) is widely used as a preservative, pesticide, germicide, etc. However, it is very damaging to organisms and the environment, and it is difficult to decompose because of its high stability. To improve the photocatalytic ability of photocatalysts for degrading hazardous substances, like 2,4‐DCP, constructing heterojunction is an effective strategy because of its restraint of electron–hole recombination and extension of light absorption spectra.RESULTSA novel photocatalyst Bi7O9I3/BiOIO3/g‐C3N4 was successfully synthesized by one‐step in‐situ co‐crystallization method. The formation of Bi7O9I3/BiOIO3/g‐C3N4 composite was confirmed by X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR spectrometer) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The obtained optimal composite exhibited an excellent photocatalytic performance of degrading 2,4‐DCP with an efficiency of 95% under visible‐light irradiation. The trapping experiments indicated that superoxide radicals, electrons, and singlet oxygen played vital roles in 2,4‐DCP decomposition and confirmed the dual Z‐scheme heterojunction structure of Bi7O9I3/BiOIO3/g‐C3N4. Furthermore, the possible reaction pathway was deduced based on the trapping experiments and the intermediate products detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.CONCLUSIONThe photocatalytic performance of Bi7O9I3/BiOIO3/g‐C3N4 was enhanced because the more efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers was achieved due to the formation of dual Z‐scheme heterojunction. This work presented a simple and feasible synthesis method to prepare a ternary photocatalyst for improving the photocatalytic ability, and it can assist in further understanding the reaction mechanism of 2,4‐DCP degradation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).