bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable cuffless blood pressure monitoring devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Chow Clara K , Daryabeygikhotbehsara Reza , Subedi Narayan , Rawstorn Jonathan , Tegegne Teketo , Karmakar Chandan , Siddiqui Muhammad U , Lambert Gavin , Maddison Ralph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
High blood pressure (BP) is the commonest modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, yet its monitoring remains problematic. Wearable cuffless BP devices offer potential solutions; however, little is known about their validity and utility. We aimed to systematically review the validity, features and clinical use of wearable cuffless BP devices.

Methods and results
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, IEEE Xplore and the Cochrane Database till December 2019 for studies that reported validating cuffless BP devices. We extracted information about study characteristics, device features, validation processes, and clinical applications. Devices were classified according to their functions and features. We defined devices with a mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) biases of &lt;5 mmHg as valid as a consensus. Our definition of validity did not include assessment of device measurement precision, which is assessed by standard deviation of the mean difference—a critical component of ISO protocol validation criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies version 2 tool. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to summarise the mean biases for SBP and DBP across studies. Of the 430 studies identified, 16 studies (15 devices, 974 participants) were selected. The majority of devices (81.3%) used photoplethysmography to estimate BP against a reference device; other technologies included tonometry, auscultation and electrocardiogram. In addition to BP and heart rate, some devices also measured night-time BP (n = 5), sleep monitoring (n = 3), oxygen saturation (n = 3), temperature (n = 2) and electrocardiogram (n = 3). Eight devices showed mean biases of &lt;5 mmHg for SBP and DBP compared with a reference device and three devices were commercially available. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the wearable and reference devices for SBP (pooled mean difference = 3.42 mmHg, 95% CI: −2.17, 9.01, I2 95.4%) and DBP (pooled mean = 1.16 mmHg, 95% CI: −1.26, 3.58, I2 87.1%).

Conclusion
Several cuffless BP devices are currently available using different technologies, offering the potential for continuous BP monitoring. The variation in standards and validation protocols limited the comparability of findings across studies and the identification of the most accurate device. Challenges such as validation using standard protocols and in real-life settings must be overcome before they can be recommended for uptake into clinical practice.
Environmental Adaptation of Risk Preferences
Authors: Di Falco Salvatore , Vieider Ferdinand M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present incentivised panel data measuring risk preferences of subsistence farmers from across Ethiopia and pair them with rainfall data. We use these data to test the hypothesis that risk preferences may adapt to the environment of the decision maker. We find that rainfall shocks decrease risk tolerance for the same individuals over time. We also find that historical rainfall characteristics and geographical features can explain 40% of the variation in preferences across individuals. The time-changing effects are perfectly aligned with the geographical effects we document, painting a unified and highly coherent picture. This provides the first real-world evidence that preferences may systematically adapt to the environment of the decision maker.
Serum Concentrations of Losartan Metabolites Correlate With Improved Physical Function in a Pilot Study of Prefrail Older Adults
Authors: Lee Jessica L , Zhang Cissy , Westbrook Reyhan , Gabrawy Mariann M , Nidadavolu Lolita , Yang Huanle , Marx Ruth , Wu Yuqiong , Anders Nicole M , Ma Lina , Bichara Marcela-Dávalos , Kwak Min-Ji , Buta Brian , Khadeer Mohammed , Yenokyan Gayane , Tian Jing , Xue Qian-Li , Siragy Helmy M , Carey Robert M , de Cabo Rafael , Ferrucci Luigi , Moaddel Ruin , Rudek Michelle A , Le Anne , Walston Jeremy D , Abadir Peter M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Losartan is an oral antihypertensive agent that is rapidly metabolized to EXP3174 (angiotensin-subtype-1-receptor blocker) and EXP3179 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma [PPARγ] agonist), which was shown in animal studies to reduce inflammation, enhance mitochondrial energetics, and improve muscle repair and physical performance. We conducted an exploratory pilot study evaluating losartan treatment in prefrail older adults (age 70–90 years, N = 25). Participants were randomized to control (placebo) or treatment (daily oral losartan beginning at 25 mg per day and increasing every 8 weeks) for a total of 6 months. Fatigue, hyperkalemia, and hypotension were the most observed side effects of losartan treatment. Participants in the losartan group had an estimated 89% lower odds of frailty (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18% to 99% lower odds, p = .03), with a 0.3-point lower frailty score than the placebo group (95% CI: 0.01–0.5 lower odds, p = .04). Frailty score was also negatively associated with serum losartan and EXP3179 concentrations. For every one standard deviation increase in EXP3179 (ie, 0.0011 ng/μL, based on sample values above detection limit) and EXP3174 (ie, 0.27 ng/μL, based on sample values above detection limit), there was a 0.0035 N (95% CI: 0.0019–0.0051, p &lt; .001) and a 0.0027 N (95% CI: 0.00054–0.0043, p = .007) increase in average knee strength, respectively.
Proteome-Wide Discovery of Cortical Proteins That May Provide Motor Resilience to Offset the Negative Effects of Pathologies in Older Adults
Authors: Buchman Aron S , Yu Lei , Klein Hans-Ulrich , Zammit Andrea R , Oveisgharan Shahram , Grodstein Francine , Tasaki Shinya , Levey Allan I , Seyfried Nicholas T , Bennett David A 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMotor resilience proteins have not been identified. This proteome-wide discovery study sought to identify proteins that may provide motor resilience.MethodsWe studied the brains of older decedents with annual motor testing, postmortem brain pathologies, and proteome-wide data. Parkinsonism was assessed using 26 items of a modified United Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. We used linear mixed-effect models to isolate motor resilience, defined as the person-specific estimate of progressive parkinsonism after controlling for age, sex, and 10 brain pathologies. A total of 8 356 high-abundance proteins were quantified from dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex using tandem mass tag and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsThere were 391 older adults (70% female), mean age 80 years at baseline and 89 years at death. Five proteins were associated with motor resilience: A higher level of AP1B1 (Estimate −0.504, SE 0.121, p = 3.12 × 10−5) and GNG3 (Estimate −0.276, SE 0.068, p = 4.82 × 10−5) was associated with slower progressive parkinsonism. By contrast, a higher level of TTC38 (Estimate 0.140, SE 0.029, p = 1.87 × 10−6), CARKD (Estimate 0.413, SE 0.100, p = 3.50 × 10−5), and ABHD14B (Estimate 0.175, SE 0.044, p = 6.48 × 10−5) was associated with faster progressive parkinsonism. Together, these 5 proteins accounted for almost 25% of the variance of progressive parkinsonism above the 17% accounted for by 10 indices of brain pathologies.DiscussionCortical proteins may provide more or less motor resilience in older adults. These proteins are high-value therapeutic targets for drug discovery that may lead to interventions that maintain motor function despite the accumulation of as yet untreatable brain pathologies.
Functional analysis of rare genetic variants in complement factor I in advanced age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Java Anuja , Pozzi Nicola , Schroeder Molly C , Hu Zheng , Huan Tianxiao , Seddon Johanna M , Atkinson John 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Factor I (FI) is a serine protease inhibitor of the complement system. Heterozygous rare genetic variants in complement factor I (CFI) are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The clinical impact of these variants is unknown since a majority have not been functionally characterized and are classified as ‘variants of uncertain significance’ (VUS). This study assessed the functional significance of VUS in CFI. Our previous cross-sectional study using a serum-based assay demonstrated that CFI variants in advanced AMD can be categorized into three types. Type 1 variants cause a quantitative deficiency of FI. Type 2 variants demonstrate a qualitative deficiency. However, Type 3 variants consist of VUS that are less dysfunctional than Types 1 and 2 but are not as biologically active as wild type (WT). In this study, we employed site-directed mutagenesis followed by expression of the recombinant variant and a comprehensive set of functional assays to characterize nine Type 3 variants that were identified in 37 individuals. Our studies establish that the expression of the recombinant protein compared with WT is reduced for R202I, Q217H, S221Y and G263V. Further, G362A and N536K, albeit expressed normally, have significantly less cofactor activity. These results led to re-categorization of CFI variants R202I, Q217H, S221Y and G263V as Type 1 variants and to reclassification of N536K and G362A as Type 2. The variants K441R, Q462H and I492L showed no functional defect and remained as Type 3. This study highlights the utility of an in-depth biochemical analysis in defining the pathologic and clinical implications of complement variants underlying AMD.
Tracing genetic connections of ancient Hungarians to the 6th–14th century populations of the Volga-Ural region
Authors: Szeifert Bea , Gerber Dániel , Csáky Veronika , Langó Péter , Stashenkov Dmitrii A , Khokhlov Aleksandr A , Sitdikov Ayrat G , Gazimzyanov Ilgizar R , Volkova Elizaveta V , Matveeva Natalia P , Zelenkov Alexander S , Poshekhonova Olga E , Sleptsova Anastasiia V , Karacharov Konstantin G , Ilyushina Viktoria V , Konikov Boris A , Sungatov Flarit A , Kolonskikh Alexander G , Botalov Sergei G , Grudochko Ivan V , Komar Oleksii , Egyed Balázs , Mende Balázs G , Türk Attila , Szécsényi-Nagy Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost of the early Hungarian tribes originated from the Volga-Kama and South-Ural regions, where they were composed of a mixed population based on historical, philological and archaeological data. We present here the uniparental genetic makeup of the mediaeval era of these regions that served as a melting pot for ethnic groups with different linguistic and historical backgrounds. Representing diverse cultural contexts, the new genetic data originate from ancient proto-Ob-Ugric people from Western Siberia (6th–13th century), the pre-Conquest period and subsisting Hungarians from the Volga-Ural region (6th–14th century) and their neighbours. By examining the eastern archaeology traits of Hungarian prehistory, we also study their genetic composition and origin in an interdisciplinary framework. We analyzed 110 deep-sequenced mitogenomes and 42 Y-chromosome haplotypes from 18 archaeological sites in Russia. The results support the studied groups’ genetic relationships regardless of geographical distances, suggesting large-scale mobility. We detected long-lasting genetic connections between the sites representing the Kushnarenkovo and Chiyalik cultures and the Carpathian Basin Hungarians and confirmed the Uralic transmission of several East Eurasian uniparental lineages in their gene pool. Based on phylogenetics, we demonstrate and model the connections and splits of the studied Volga-Ural and conqueror groups. Early Hungarians and their alliances conquered the Carpathian Basin around 890 AD. Re-analysis of the Hungarian conquerors’ maternal gene pool reveals numerous surviving maternal relationships in both sexes; therefore, we conclude that men and women came to the Carpathian Basin together, and although they were subsequently genetically fused into the local population, certain eastern lineages survived for centuries.
Harnessing stakeholder knowledge for the collaborative development of Mobulid bycatch mitigation strategies in tuna fisheries
Authors: Cronin Melissa R , Croll Donald A , Hall Martin A , Lezama-Ochoa Nerea , Lopez Jon , Murua Hilario , Murua Jefferson , Restrepo Victor , Rojas-Perea Stefany , Stewart Joshua D , Waldo Jennifer L , Moreno Gala 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManta and devil rays (Mobulids) face several immediate threats, including incidental capture in industrial tropical tuna fisheries. As a result, efforts have emerged to avoid or mitigate Mobulid bycatch in these fisheries. However, many mitigation efforts fail to incorporate fisher expertise from the outset, potentially leading to interventions that are not viable. Here, we combine survey and focus group data to synthesize knowledge of Mobulid bycatch and mitigation ideas in Eastern Pacific Ocean purse seine fisheries. Primary obstacles for mitigating Mobulid bycatch, according to respondents, are: (1) an inability to sight Mobulids before capture, (2) the lack of specific equipment on board, and (3) the difficulty of releasing large individuals; we suggest that the latter two can be addressed by simple operational modifications. We also find that Mobulids are most likely to be sighted by fishers after capture, suggesting that this is an important time in the fishing operation for bycatch mitigation interventions that ensure Mobulids survive capture. To address this, we share creative ideas brought by fishers for avoidance of Mobulids. This study provides a model of how to incorporate stakeholder input in the design of bycatch technology in large-scale fisheries and could inform similar efforts around the world.
Shared and Unique Effects of Long-Term Administration of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine on Degree Centrality in Medication-Naïve Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder
Authors: Fu Zhao , Yuan Jing , Pei Xuyao , Zhang Kangfuxi , Xu Chenyang , Hu Na , Xie Rao , Zhao Yilu , Wang Yufeng , Yang Li , Cao Qingjiu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Although methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) can improve clinical symptoms and functional impairments in attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), the underlying psychopharmacological mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the shared and unique neurologic basis of these 2 medications in alleviating the clinical symptoms and functional impairments observed in ADHD.

Methods
Sixty-seven ADHD and 44 age-matched children with typical development were included and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline. Then patients were assigned to MPH, ATX, or untreated subgroups, based on the patients’ and their parents’ choice, for a 12-week follow-up and underwent a second functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The treatment effect on degree centrality (DC) was identified and correlated with clinical symptoms and functional impairments in the ADHD group.

Results
Both MPH and ATX normalized the DC value in extensive brain regions mainly involving fronto-cingulo-parieto-cerebellum circuits. However, ATX showed limited significant effects on the cerebellum compared with ADHD at baseline. The improvements in clinical symptoms were correlated with increased DC in the right inferior temporal gyrus in both MPH and ATX subgroups but showed opposite effects. The alleviation of functional impairments in the school/learning domain negatively correlated with decreased DC in the bilateral cerebellum after MPH treatment, and the family functional domain positively correlated with decreased DC in the cerebellum and negatively correlated with decreased DC in the postcentral gyrus after ATX treatment.

Conclusions
Both MPH and ATX can normalize abnormal brain functions that mainly involve the fronto-cingulo-parieto-cerebellum circuit in ADHD. Furthermore, the 2 medications showed shared and unique effects on brain functions to alleviate clinical symptoms and functional impairment.
Medically Attended Illness due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Infants Born in the United States Between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Gantenberg Jason R , van Aalst Robertus , Zimmerman Nicole , Limone Brendan , Chaves Sandra S , La Via William V , Nelson Christopher B , Rizzo Christopher , Savitz David A , Zullo Andrew R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. Preterm infants and those with select comorbidities are at highest risk of RSV-related complications. However, morbidity due to RSV infection is not confined to high-risk infants. We estimated the burden of medically attended (MA) RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) among infants in the United States.

Methods
We analyzed commercial (MarketScan Commercial [MSC], Optum Clinformatics [OC]), and Medicaid (MarketScan Medicaid [MSM]) insurance claims data for infants born between April 2016 and February 2020. Using both specific and sensitive definitions of MA RSV LRTI, we estimated the burden of MA RSV LRTI during infants’ first RSV season, stratified by gestational age, comorbidity status, and highest level of medical care associated with the MA RSV LRTI diagnosis.

Results
According to the specific definition 75.0% (MSC), 78.6% (MSM), and 79.6% (OC) of MA RSV LRTI events during infants’ first RSV season occurred among term infants without known comorbidities.

Conclusions
Term infants without known comorbidities account for up to 80% of the MA RSV LRTI burden in the United States during infants’ first RSV season. Future prevention efforts should consider all infants.
Investigations into the emergent properties of gene-to-phenotype networks across cycles of selection: a case study of shoot branching in plants
Authors: Powell Owen M , Barbier Francois , Voss-Fels Kai P , Beveridge Christine , Cooper Mark 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Predictive breeding is now widely practised in crop improvement programmes and has accelerated selection response (i.e. the amount of genetic gain between breeding cycles) for complex traits. However, world food production needs to increase further to meet the demands of the growing human population. The prediction of complex traits with current methods can be inconsistent across different genetic, environmental and agronomic management contexts because the complex relationships between genomic and phenotypic variation are not well accounted for. Therefore, developing gene-to-phenotype network models for traits that integrate the knowledge of networks from systems biology, plant and crop physiology with population genomics has been proposed to close this gap in predictive modelling. Here, we develop a gene-to-phenotype network for shoot branching, a critical developmental pathway underpinning harvestable yield for many crop species, as a case study to explore the value of developing gene-to-phenotype networks to enhance understanding of selection responses. We observed that genetic canalization is an emergent property of the complex interactions among shoot branching gene-to-phenotype network components, leading to the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation, reduced selection responses and large variation in selection trajectories across populations. As genetic canalization is expected to be pervasive in traits, such as grain yield, that result from interactions among multiple genes, traits, environments and agronomic management practices, the need to model traits in crop improvement programmes as outcomes of gene-to-phenotype networks is highlighted as an emerging opportunity to advance our understanding of selection response and the efficiency of developing resilient crops for future climates.
A systematic review to describe patterns of animal and human viral research in Rwanda
Authors: Dutuze M Fausta , Byukusenge Maurice , Shyaka Anselme , Christofferson Rebecca C 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRwanda is located in the Central East African region where several viral pathogens with global importance were originally described, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola, Zika, Rift Valley Fever (RVF), dengue and a long list of other neglected tropical viral pathogens. Due to many factors, this region has the potential to become a global hotspot for viral emergence. In Rwanda, viral diseases are underreported and the question is whether this is due to the absence of these viruses or a lack of investigation. Like many developing countries, capabilities in Rwanda need improvement despite research efforts throughout the years. This review describes the status of human and animal virus research in Rwanda and identifies relevant research and operational gaps. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed for virus research in Rwanda: 233 primary studies on viruses/viral diseases are indexed with connection to Rwanda. From 1958 to 2020, yearly publications generally increased and HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the most studied virus. Compared with human viruses, few studies focus on animal and/or zoonotic viruses. The occurrence of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic shows strengthening warning and surveillance systems is critical to efficient preparedness and response. We recommend investment in human capacity, laboratory facilities and research to inform policy for viral surveillance in Rwanda.
The competition for India’s antitrust jurisdiction: Competition Commission versus sectoral regulators
Authors: Singh Madhavi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
A string of judgments by Indian courts have downgraded the Competition Commission of India’s position in the adjudicatory hierarchy by requiring it to await the findings of sectoral regulators before initiating its own investigation. This article argues that the reasons advanced for deferring the Commission’s jurisdiction are erroneous. Further, the judicial test for deferral of the Commission’s jurisdiction is fraught with deficiencies and would inordinately delay or de facto divest the Commission of its jurisdiction. Some recent cases are trying to break away from this trend. One final battle though remains to be fought. With the emergence of competition issues in data protection and privacy related cases and the imminent establishment of data regulator(s) in India, the Commission will soon have an opportunity to push courts to re-examine and re-interpret existing judicial principles and reclaim its relative position in the adjudicatory hierarchy.