bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of new glycosyl–O‐fipronil conjugates with improved hydrolysis efficiency assisted by molecular simulations
Authors: Wang Bingfeng , Yang Chen , Jiang Xunyuan , Wen Yingjie , Tian Yongqing , Zhao Chen , Xu Hanhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn a previous study, we showed that two glycosyl–pesticide conjugates with a β‐d‐glucoside moiety, N‐{3‐cyano‐1‐[2,6‐dichloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]‐4‐[(trifluoromethyl)‐sulfinyl]‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl}‐2‐aminoethyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (GOF) and N‐{3‐cyano‐1‐[2,6‐dichloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐4‐[(trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl]‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl}‐1‐(2‐triazolethyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐methanamine (GOTF), can move in the phloem and be hydrolyzed by β‐glucosidase at different rates. Simulations were carried out to investigate differences in the hydrolysis process in GOF, GOTF and p‐nitrophenyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (pNPG). A new series of glycosyl–O‐fipronil conjugates was then designed and synthesized based on the simulation results. The phloem mobilities of the new conjugates were examined using a Ricinus model, and their hydrolysis efficiencies based on β‐glucosidase were determined.RESULTSNew glycosyl–O‐fipronil conjugates GOE2–6 were designed and synthesized. To reduce steric hindrance, the conjugating site of the glycone moiety was moved to the 4′‐sulfonyl group on the pyrrole ring. As a result, the hydrolysis efficiencies of the new conjugates were significantly improved, with GOE4 having the highest hydrolysis efficiency. All five conjugates could be transported in Ricinus phloem sap, consistent with previously studied glycosyl–O‐fipronil conjugates. The insecticidal activities of the conjugates were tested against Plutella xylostella.CONCLUSIONA strategy for the development of new phloem‐mobile pesticides was proposed: linking a glycosyl group to the existing pesticide structure with a linear alkyl connection approximately four carbons in length. The resultant conjugates feature not only good phloem mobility, but also potential high bioactivity due to the efficient release of active pesticide components under the action of glucosidase. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assimilation of crowd‐sourced surface observations over Germany in a regional weather prediction system
Authors: Sgoff Christine , Acevedo Walter , Paschalidi Zoi , Ulbrich Sven , Bauernschubert Elisabeth , Kratzsch Thomas , Potthast Roland 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNear‐surface temperature and humidity observations over Germany, coming on the one hand from the citizen weather station's network Netatmo and on the other hand from synoptic weather stations, were assimilated into the limited are mode of the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Model with 2‐km resolution (ICON‐D2). For that we use the Kilometre‐Scale Ensemble Data Assimilation (KENDA) system and a bias‐correction approach that improves the assimilation of the observations by taking into account the diurnal cycle of temperature and humidity variables. Our results show that the assimilation of bias‐corrected observations from Netatmo stations reduces the forecast error considerably; meanwhile, the assimilation of Netatmo observations without bias correction leads to a strong warm bias with a negative impact on forecast performance. In contrast, for the assimilation of synoptic observations the usage of our bias‐correction approach does not lead to any significant decrease in the forecast error, yet reduces the bias for the diurnal cycle of synoptic stations. Overall, it can be concluded that the forecast quality can gain from assimilating Netatmo data, provided an effective bias‐correction approach is applied.
Assessing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fomenko Alexey , Weibel Stephanie , Moezi Helia , Menger Kristina , Schmucker Christine , Metzendorf Maria‐Inti , Motschall Edith , Falcone Valeria , Huzly Daniela , Panning Marcus , Rücker Gerta , Hengel Hartmut 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cornerstone of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) detection is reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of viral RNA. As a surrogate assay SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection does not necessarily imply infectivity. Only virus isolation in permissive cell culture systems can indicate infectivity. Here, we review the evidence on RT‐PCR performance in detecting infectious SARS‐CoV‐2. We searched for any studies that used RT‐PCR and cell culture to determine infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples. We assessed (i) diagnostic accuracy of RT‐PCR compared to cell culture as reference test, (ii) performed meta‐analysis of positive predictive values (PPV) and (iii) determined the virus isolation probabilities depending on cycle threshold (Ct) or log10 genome copies/ml using logistic regression. We included 55 studies. There is substantial statistical and clinical heterogeneity. Seven studies were included for diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity ranged from 90% to 99% and specificity from 29% to 92%. In meta‐analysis, the PPVs varied across subgroups with different sampling times after symptom onset, with 1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%–7%) in sampling beyond 10 days and 27% (CI, 19%–36%) to 46% (CI, 33%–60%) in subgroups that also included earlier samples. Estimates of virus isolation probability varied between 6% (CI, 0%–100%) and 50% (CI, 0%–100%) at a Ct value of 30 and between 0% (CI, 0%–22%) and 63% (CI, 0%–100%) at 5 log10 genome copies/ml. Evidence on RT‐PCR performance in detecting infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples was limited. Major limitations were heterogeneity and poor reporting. RT‐PCR and cell culture protocols need further standardisation.
Evaluating the particle densities of subarctic soils using pedotransfer functions and vis–NIR spectroscopy
Authors: Weber Peter Lystbæk , Hermansen Cecilie , Nørgaard Trine , Pesch Charles , Moldrup Per , Greve Mogens H. , Arthur Emmanuel , de Jonge Lis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe particle density (ρs) is a fundamental physical property needed for calculating the soil porosity and phase distributions. While ρs is often estimated using soil organic matter (SOM) content and particle size distribution, the specific densities of each soil component remain unclear in a subarctic agricultural setting. This study aimed to evaluate the ρs of soils from Southwest Greenland using a three‐compartment model (3CM) based on the mixing ratio of SOM derived from loss‐on‐ignition, mineral particles <20 μm (FC), and mineral particles ≥20 μm (CC). We further evaluated the accuracy of the 3CM against pedotransfer functions (PTFs) and visible near‐infrared (vis–NIR) spectroscopic models. A total of 324 soil samples from 16 Greenlandic agricultural fields were investigated, covering a wide range in SOM content (0.021–0.602 kg kg–1) and clay content (0.020–0.185 kg kg–1). Despite their high SOM content, the Greenlandic soils exhibited relatively high ρs (1.936–3.044 Mg m–3), which together with a large SOM/organic carbon ratio of 2.16 indicated a high SOM density of 1.493 Mg m–3. The 3CM fit on all soils indicated FC and CC densities of 3.047 and 2.713 Mg m–3, respectively, while a subset of soils (n = 203) from the same geological setting resulted in FC and CC densities of 2.738 and 2.731 Mg m–3. Prediction accuracy of the 3CM (RMSE = 0.067 Mg m–3) was similar to PTFs (RMSE = 0.068–0.070 Mg m–3) and better than vis–NIR spectroscopic models (RMSE = 0.091 Mg m–3).
Ion Hopping: Design Principles for Strategies to Improve Ionic Conductivity for Inorganic Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Xu Ben Bin , Zhang Xuan , Sun Wenping , Chen Jian , Pan Hongge , Yan Mi , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid electrolytes are considered as an ideal substitution of liquid electrolytes, avoiding the potential hazards of volatilization, flammability, and explosion for liquid electrolyte–based rechargeable batteries. However, there are significant performance gaps to be bridged between solid electrolytes and liquid electrolytes; one with a particular importance is the ionic conductivity which is highly dependent on the material types and structures. In this review, the general physical image of ion hopping in the crystalline structure is revisited, by highlighting two main kernels that impact ion migration: ion hopping pathways and skeletons interaction. The universal strategies to effectively improve ionic conductivity of inorganic solid electrolytes are then systematically summarized: constructing rapid diffusion pathways for mobile ions; and reducing resistance of the surrounding potential field. The scoped strategies offer an exclusive view on the working principle of ion movement regardless of the ion species, thus providing a comprehensive guidance for the future exploitation of solid electrolytes.
Maximum longevity and juvenile mortality in zoo‐housed mangabeys
Authors: de Visser Manon , Prins Emile , Bosse Mirte , Crooijmans Richard , ter Meulen Tjerk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the biology of grey‐cheeked and black crested mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena and Lophocebus aterrimus, respectively). As these primates face threats in the wild, well‐monitored zoo‐housed populations with up to date registries are becoming increasingly valuable to acquire species knowledge and to support conservation efforts. We used international studbooks to extract demographic and genetic information on 519 mangabeys to investigate how life history and parent‐related variables influence maximum longevity and juvenile mortality. Generalized linear mixed models, as well as survival analyses, were applied. Results showed that females lived significantly longer than males, which is not uncommon in primates. Furthermore, our results indicated that the maximum longevity is lower for individuals living in European zoos versus individuals from North American zoos, which may be due to a combination of environmental differences and potential founder effects. We also show that the maternal maximum longevity is positively related to the maximum longevity of the offspring, which may be explained by the inheritance of “good genes“. However, the age of the mother at the moment of birth was negatively related to the maximum longevity of the offspring, which contradicts literature that states that, in primates, more experienced and thus older mothers will raise their offspring better than less experienced mothers. Instead, it is more likely that an “optimal age range” exists for breeding mothers. Our study provides insights into the population biology of captive mangabeys and may be helpful for identifying future research priorities to optimize primate health and welfare directly ex situ, and indirectly in situ.
N = 3 conformal supergravity in four dimensions
Authors: Hegde Subramanya , Mishra Madhu , Sahoo Bindusar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper we derive the action for N = 3 conformal supergravity in four space-time dimensions. We construct a density formula for N = 3 conformal supergravity based on the superform action principle. Finally, we embed the N = 3 Weyl multiplet in the density formula to obtain the invariant action for N = 3 conformal supergravity. There are two inequivalent embeddings by changing a particular coefficient from real to imaginary. They lead to invariant actions, which will either be the supersymmetrization of the Weyl square term or the Pontryagin density in the eventuality of gauge fixing to Poincaré supergravity. As a consistency check of our formalism, we will show that the supersymmetrization of the Pontryagin density is a total derivative. We will demonstrate this for purely bosonic terms. We will also present the complete action for the supersymmetrization of Weyl square term. We also discuss consistent truncation of N = 4 Weyl multiplet to N = 3 Weyl multiplet and use it for a robust check of our results using the earlier known results in N = 4 conformal supergravity.
Subleading BMS charges and the Lorentz group
Authors: Kol Uri 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The extended BMS group includes supertranslation, dual supertranslation and Lorentz transformations. The generators of these symmetries can be classified according to their parity into “electric” and “magnetic” types. Using a multipole expansion of gravitational sources in the Newman-Penrose formalism, we associate each one of these charges with a particular moment. At leading order, the “electric” and “magnetic” monopole moments correspond respectively to supertranslations and dual supertranslations. At the first subleading order, the “electric” and “magnetic” dipole moments correspond respectively to boosts and rotations, therefore comprising the entire Lorentz group. Electric-magnetic type of duality then rotates the boost and rotation generators into each other.
The coupling flow of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Rupprecht Maximilian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We offer a novel perspective on $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory through the framework of the Nicolai map, a transformation of the bosonic fields that allows one to compute quantum correlators in terms of a free, purely bosonic functional measure. Generally, any Nicolai map is obtained through a path-ordered exponential of the so-called coupling flow operator. The latter can be canonically constructed in any gauge using an $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 off-shell superfield formulation of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM, or alternatively through dimensional reduction of the result from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 D = 10 SYM, in which case we need to restrict to the Landau gauge. We propose a general theory of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 coupling flow operator, arguing that it exhibits an ambiguity in form of an R-symmetry freedom given by the Lie algebra $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(4). This theory incorporates our two construction approaches as special points in $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(4) and defines a broad class of Nicolai maps for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM.
Freezing of gauge symmetries in the heterotic string on T4
Authors: Fraiman Bernardo , De Freitas Héctor Parra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We derive a map relating the gauge symmetry groups of heterotic strings on T4 to other components of the moduli space with rank reduction. This generalizes the results for T2 and T3 which mirror the singularity freezing mechanism of K3 surfaces in F and M-theory, respectively. The novel feature in six dimensions is that the map explicitly involves the topology of the gauge groups, in particular acting only on non-simply-connected ones. This relation is equivalent to that of connected components of the moduli space of flat G-bundles over T2 with G non-simply-connected. These results are verified with a reasonably exhaustive list of gauge groups obtained with a moduli space exploration algorithm.
Constraining general U(1) interactions from neutrino-electron scattering measurements at DUNE near detector
Authors: Chakraborty Kaustav , Das Arindam , Goswami Srubabati , Roy Samiran 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The neutrino-electron scattering process is a powerful tool to explore new physics beyond the standard model. Recently the possibility of DUNE Near Detector (ND) to constrain various new physics scenarios using this process have been highlighted in the literature. In this work, we consider the most general U(1) model and probe the constraints on the mass and coupling strength of the additional Z′ from ν − e scattering at DUNE ND. The presence of the Z′ gives rise to extra interference effects. In the context of the general U(1) model, the destructive interference can occur in either neutrino or anti-neutrino channel or for both or none. This opens up the possibilities of getting four different type of signal in the neutrino and ant-neutrino runs of DUNE. We perform the analysis using both the total rate and binned events spectrum. Our results show that in a bin by bin analysis the effect of destructive interference is less compared to the analysis using total rate. We present the bounds on the mZ′− gX plane from ν − e scattering measurements at DUNE ND and compare these with those obtained from other ν − e scattering, COHERENT, and beam dump experiments. We show that the DUNE ND can give the best bound for certain mass ranges of Z′.
Growing up in ethnic enclaves: language proficiency and educational attainment of immigrant children
Authors: Danzer Alexander M. , Feuerbaum Carsten , Piopiunik Marc , Woessmann Ludger 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDoes the regional concentration of immigrants of the same ethnicity affect immigrant children’s acquisition of host country language skills and educational attainment? We exploit the concentration of five ethnic groups in 1985 emanating from the exogenous placement of guest workers across German regions during the 1960s and 1970s. Results from a model with region and ethnicity fixed effects indicate that exposure to a higher own ethnic concentration impairs immigrant children’s host country language proficiency and increases school dropout. A key mediating factor for the detrimental language effect is parents’ lower speaking proficiency in the host country language, whereas inter-ethnic contacts with natives and economic conditions do not play a role in language proficiency or educational attainment.
Oxidative ageing of elastomers: experiment and modelling
Authors: Zaghdoudi M. , Kömmling A. , Jaunich M. , Wolff D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring an extensive test programme at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung, material property changes of EPDM O-rings were investigated at different ageing times and two ageing temperatures of $$125\,^{\circ }\,\hbox {C}$$

125

∘

C

and $$150\,^{\circ }\, \hbox {C}$$

150

∘

C

. To exclude possible diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) effects that can distort the data, IRHD microhardness measurements were taken over the cross section of compressed O-rings. Continuous stress relaxation measurements were taken on samples free of DLO effects. The additional effect of physical processes to irreversible chemical ones during a long-term thermal exposure is quantified by the analysis of compression set measurements under various test conditions. By combining the different experimental methods, characteristic times relative to the degradation processes were determined. On the basis of experimental data, a microphysically motivated model that takes into account reversible and irreversible processes was developed. The parameter identification strategy of the material model is based on our experimental investigations on homogeneously aged elastomer O-rings. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experiments.
Quantitative performance assessment of Asian stellar cities by a DEA cascade system: a capability interpretation
Authors: Kourtit Karima , Nijkamp Peter , Suzuki Soushi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAsia hosts several mega-cities with great economic power, which are often in a mutual competitive relationship. Despite smart specialisation and heterogeneity on national and global markets, they are often in pursuit of the highest possible socio-economic outcome so as to outperform their peers in this dynamic region. The present study seeks to present an operational comparative framework for judging the complex performance of several (12) large urban agglomerations in Asia. In the framework of this paper, these cities are called ‘stellar cities’. Two particular research challenges are addressed: (i) the development and application of a new Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, culminating—after a cascade of sequential analytical steps—in an Autoconfiguration Target Model which serves as a quantitative statistical tool for evaluating the (relative) multidimensional goal-oriented performance of the cities concerned; and (ii) a new functional interpretation of the DEA slack space for the possible improvement of inefficiently operating cities on the basis of Amartya Sen’s capability theory. In the paper, we use an extensive database on 12 Asian stellar cities, extracted from the annual Global Power City Index (GPCI) system which contains more than 60 urban performance indicators, which has been constructed by the Institute of Urban Strategies (Tokyo). We find that the performance ranking of these Asian mega-cities shows the ‘winners’, but also a high variability, with several positive and negative outliers. We conclude that there is clearly scope (‘capability’) for further improvement of the efficiency of most Asian cities in various specific policy domains, as shown by the DEA results.
Technological, institutional, and geographical peripheries: regional development and risk of poverty in the European regions
Authors: Barbero Javier , Rodríguez-Crespo Ernesto 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the interrelation between technological, institutional, and geographical peripheries. By distinguishing between the quality and quantity of access to information and communication technologies, together with institutional and geographical factors, and using a sample of 229 European regions during the period 2007–2018, we find that the diffusion and quality of information and communication technologies foster economic development and decrease the risk of social exclusion. A similar effect is found for institutional and geographical factors, suggesting that the interplay of these three determinants may be crucial to set up place-based policies.
Approximations of the connection Laplacian spectra
Authors: Burago Dmitri , Ivanov Sergei , Kurylev Yaroslav , Lu Jinpeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider a convolution-type operator on vector bundles over metric-measure spaces. This operator extends the analogous convolution Laplacian on functions in our earlier work to vector bundles, and is a natural extension of the graph connection Laplacian. We prove that for Euclidean or Hermitian connections on closed Riemannian manifolds, the spectrum of this operator and that of the graph connection Laplacian both approximate the spectrum of the connection Laplacian.