bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Fouling Zwitterionic Polymeric Colloids as Resuscitation Fluids for Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Mancebo Julia Garcia , Patenaude Ryan , Sack Kristen , Prondzynski Maksymilian , Packard Alan B. , Dearling Jason L. J. , Li Ruihan , Balcarcel‐Monzon Michelle , Dominguez Saffron , Emani Sirisha , Kheir John N. , Polizzotti Brian , Peng Yifeng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractColloids, known as volume expanders, have been used as resuscitation fluids for hypovolemic shock for decades, as they increase plasma oncotic pressure and expand intravascular volume. However, recent studies show that commonly used synthetic colloids have adverse interactions with human biological systems. In this work, a low‐fouling amine(N)‐oxide‐based zwitterionic polymer as an alternative volume expander with improved biocompatibility and efficacy is designed. It is demonstrated that the polymer possesses antifouling ability, resisting cell interaction and deposition in major organs, and is rapidly cleared via renal filtration and hepatic circulation, reducing the risk of long‐term side effects. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies show an absence of adverse effects on hemostasis or any acute safety risks. Finally, it is shown that, in a head‐to‐head comparison with existing colloids and plasma, the zwitterionic polymer serves as a more potent oncotic agent for restoring intravascular volume in a hemorrhagic shock model. The design of N‐oxide‐based zwitterionic polymers may lead to the development of alternative fluid therapies to treat hypovolemic shock and to improve fluid management in general.
Intrinsically Stretchable, Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Polymer Donors Featuring Hydrogen‐Bonding Spacers
Authors: Lee Jin‐Woo , Seo Soodeok , Lee Sun‐Woo , Kim Geon‐U , Han Seungseok , Phan Tan Ngoc‐Lan , Lee Seungjin , Li Sheng , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jung‐Yong , Kim Bumjoon J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS‐OSCs), consisting of all stretchable layers, are attracting significant attention as a future power source for wearable electronics. However, most of the efficient active layers for OSCs are mechanically brittle due to their rigid molecular structures designed for high electrical and optical properties. Here, a series of new polymer donors (PDs, PhAmX) featuring phenyl amide (N1,N3‐bis((5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)methyl)isophthalamide, PhAm)‐based flexible spacer (FS) inducing hydrogen‐bonding (H‐bonding) interactions is developed. These PDs enable IS‐OSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.73% and excellent stretchability (PCE retention of >80% of the initial value at 32% strain), representing the best performances among the reported IS‐OSCs to date. The incorporation of PhAm‐based FS enhances the molecular ordering of PDs as well as their interactions with a Y7 acceptor, enhancing the mechanical stretchability and electrical properties simultaneously. It is also found that in rigid OSCs, the PhAm5:Y7 blend achieves a much higher PCE of 17.5% compared to that of the reference PM6:Y7 blend. The impact of the PhAm‐FS linker on the mechanical and photovoltaic properties of OSCs is thoroughly investigated.
Profit‐maximizing potassium fertilizer recommendations for corn and cotton
Authors: Oliver Kimberly , Popp Michael P. , Slaton Nathan A. , Drescher Gerson Laerson , Roberts Trenton L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhereas K fertilization is necessary to maximize corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields in soils with sub‐optimum K availability, maximizing yield is rarely profit‐maximizing. Estimating the tradeoff between yield and fertilizer cost using current soil‐building and/or yield‐maximizing rate recommendations vs. profit‐maximizing fertilizer‐K rates (KR*) provides insights for producers. Thirty‐nine and 24 fertilizer‐K rate trials were used to estimate respective corn and cotton yield response based on soil‐K availability (SK). Using a field's SK, yield potential, yield response to fertilizer‐K, crop price, and fertilizer‐K cost, KR* were calculated over the past 10 yr. Averaging over that period, using KR* at SK of 75 and 60 mg K kg–1 (a) reduced fertilizer‐K rate by 10 and 38 kg K ha–1, respectively, (b) decreased yield by 53 and 32 kg ha–1, respectively, and (c) increased profitability by US$1.75 and $34.24 ha–1, respectively, in comparison to current recommendations for corn. At SK of 75 and 110 mg K kg–1, cotton profitability at KR* vs. current recommendations rose by $11.54 to $25.95 ha–1, respectively, using 36 and 101 kg K ha–1 more fertilizer, respectively, which led to 27 and 73 kg ha–1 greater yield, respectively. As with prior studies for rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn results suggest using less fertilizer than currently recommended, whereas for cotton, strong yield response to fertilizer‐K and relatively high crop price justified KR* that were above currently recommended rates. A spreadsheet‐based decision tool is online to offer this insight to producers and crop consultants.
Darter fishes exhibit variable intraspecific head shape allometry and modularity
Authors: Goodwin Maris R. , Arbour Jessica H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAllometry, the relationship between anatomical proportions and body size, may either limit or facilitate the diversification of morphology. We examined the impact of allometry in darter fish morphology, which displays a variety of trophic morphologies. This study aimed to address (a) whether there was significant variation in darter head allometry, (b) if allometry contributed to head shape diversity in adults, and (c) if darters show head shape modularity associated with allometry. We used geometric morphometrics to quantify head shape across 10 different species and test for heterogeneity in allometric slopes. In addition, we quantified the degree of modularity between the preorbital and postorbital regions of the darter head, both before and after correction for body size. We found that different species have unique allometric slopes, particularly among the Simoperca subgenus, and that closely related darter species tend to show ontogenetic divergence, contributing to the diversity of head shapes observed in adults. We suggest that such a pattern may result from the similarity of juvenile diets due to gape limitation. We also found that several species show significant modularity in head shape but that modularity was evolutionarily labile and only sometimes impacted by head shape allometry. Overall, our work suggests that ontogenetic shape development may have been important to the evolution of head shape in darters, particularly in the evolution of foraging traits and microhabitat.
A multimodal 3D imaging approach of pore networks in the human femur to assess age‐associated vascular expansion and Lacuno‐Canalicular reduction
Authors: Andronowski Janna M. , Cole Mary E. , Davis Reed A. , Tubo Gina R. , Taylor Joshua T. , Cooper David M. L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCellular communication in the mechanosensory osteocyte Lacuno‐Canalicular Network (LCN) regulates bone tissue remodeling throughout life. Age‐associated declines in LCN size and connectivity dysregulate mechanosensitivity to localized remodeling needs of aging or damaged tissue, compromising bone quality. Synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐Computed Tomography (SRμCT) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) were employed to visualize LCN and vascular canal morphometry in an age series of the anterior femur (males n = 14, females n = 11, age range = 19–101, mean age = 55). Age‐associated increases in vascular porosity were driven by pore coalescence, including a significant expansion in pore diameter and a significant decline in pore density. In contrast, the LCN showed significant age‐associated reductions in lacunar volume fraction, mean diameter, and density, and in canalicular volume fraction and connectivity density. Lacunar density was significantly lower in females across the lifespan, exacerbating their age‐associated decline. Canalicular connectivity density was also significantly lower in females but approached comparable declining male values in older age. Our data illuminate the trajectory and potential morphometric sources of age‐associated bone loss. Increased vascular porosity contributes to bone fragility with aging, while an increasingly reduced and disconnected LCN undermines the mechanosensitivity required to repair and reinforce bone. Understanding why and how this degradation occurs is essential for improving the diagnosis and treatment of age‐related changes in bone quality and fragility.
Treating elopement without extinction in a preschool setting
Authors: Boyle Megan A. , Monaco Britnea L. , Ebeling Lori M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElopement is a prevalent and dangerous behavior that is common with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Due to safety, logistics, and effort on the part of stakeholders, recent research has emphasized the need for treatments that do not include extinction or response blocking. Using a multiple‐baseline‐across‐functions design, we successfully decreased elopement with functional communication training, without additional treatment components, for one function but needed to add an additional treatment component (response blocking) for the second function for a 4 year‐old boy with ASD who engaged in elopement in a preschool setting. We highlight contributions to the literature on elopement as well as directions for future research.
Post break‐up stalking: Police‐officers' perceptions
Authors: Mesquita Rita , Gonçalves Mariana , Ferreira Célia , Matos Marlene 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStalking is characterized by persistent unwanted behaviors and can disrupt the lives of victims. Its prevalence has been increasing with time. Due to the recent criminalization of stalking in Portugal and its being an understudied phenomenon, the objective of this study is to assess the perceptions of police officers (n = 1212) about stalking post intimate relationship breakup. We developed an adaptation of the questionnaire “Reasonable Perceptions of Stalking”, using vignettes that describe stalking scenarios with the manipulation of severity, and victim and perpetrator sex. The main effects of severity, as well as the victim and the perpetrator's sex, were significant intrasubject variables in the perceptions of stalking and its severity, criminality, victim alert, fear of violence, victim‐blaming, and the need for intervention. Participants' sex, previous training, and personal and/or professional experience with stalking were also significant variables concerning participants' perceptions. Our findings show that gender stereotypes are still perpetuated and have important implications for police officer training and intervention.
Optimized pulse‐feeding fed‐batch fermentation for enhanced lignin to polyhydroxyalkanoate transformation
Authors: Unrean Pornkamol , Champreda Verawat 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith an anticipated growth of Bio‐Circular‐Green economy, the amount of lignin generated as by‐product from biorefineries is increasing. Hence, lignin valorising strategies become a very interesting option to improve economic viability of the biorefineries. This study revealed the development of bioprocesses for upgrading lignin into bioplastic. Specifically, a novel strain of Pseudomonas fulva has been applied for microbial bioconversion of organosolv lignin to fermentative polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. Fed‐batch fermentation of lignin‐to‐PHA with pulse‐feeding approach was optimized using Design of Experiment. Effects of C:N ratio and feeding profiles on PHA accumulation in P. fulva were investigated to determine optimal operation. Under optimized fed‐batch, the PHA concentration of 195.2 ± 6.6 mg/L could be reached and the PHA content was more than 2 folds enhancement compared to batch process. Type of PHA produced was also characterized for chemical composition via GC–MS analysis. The established lignin to PHA conversion could provide platform for developing integrated lignin bioprocessing to promote cost‐effective biorefineries.
‘In practice it can be so much harder’: Young people's approaches and experiences of supporting friends experiencing domestic abuse
Authors: Daw Jennifer , Salisbury Laura , Hay Susie , Jacob Suzanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractYoung people are more likely to seek help about abusive relationships from friends, rather than adults or professionals, irrespective of gender, age or ethnic group. However, friends may be unequipped to deal with relationship problems and unable to provide adequate emotional or practical support. The aim of this paper is to explore how young people would support friends if they were seeking help or shared experiences of abuse. Qualitative findings drawn from a larger UK mixed‐methods study are used to explicate this. Data was gathered using 16 focus groups and one interview with girls, young women and non‐binary young people aged 13 to 24 years. Thematic analysis provided six themes pertaining to supporting friends and help‐seeking around relationship abuse. Findings showed young people recommended supporting friends in a non‐judgemental way to keep conversations open and help them recognise unhealthy behaviours. However, young people confirmed this is a difficult topic and many would feel fearful, helpless and under pressure. Conversations illustrated the need for more awareness of non‐physical abuse and resources specifically aimed at young people to enable them to help friends and know where and when to seek professional support.
MicroRNA‐16‐5p exacerbates sepsis by upregulating aerobic glycolysis via SIRT3‐SDHA axis
Authors: He Yue‐Xian , Huang Bo‐Lun , Yang Yi‐Yu , Song Wen‐Xiu , Fan Yong‐Bo , Zhang Li‐Mei , Liu Guo‐Sheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSepsis is a life‐threatening condition, and treatment for sepsis in clinic is often not available, partially due to insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis. Extensive study to elucidate the pathogenesis is required to improve the clinical management and outcome of sepsis. In this study, we investigated the pathogenesis of sepsis using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from septic patients and studied the underlying mechanism of miR‐16‐5p on aerobic glycolysis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated THP1 and Raw264.7 cells. The levels of RNA and protein were determined by real‐time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting assay, respectively. The production of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of succinate and lactate were determined using colorimetric kits. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) were measured by extracellular flux analyzer. The results showed that the expression of miR‐16‐5p was elevated, while sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) was decreased in PBMCs from septic patients and LPS‐treated cells, along with accumulation of acetylated succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A. Concomitantly, an increase in HMGB1, succinate, lactate, as well as ECAR and a decrease in OCR were observed. Knockdown of miR‐16‐5p upregulated SIRT3 expression, facilitated SDHA deacetylation, and attenuated sepsis‐related aerobic glycolysis. Further study identified that SIRT3 is targeted by miR‐16‐5p, and overexpression of SIRT3 rescued LPS‐induced responses via deacetylation of SDHA. Our findings revealed a novel miR‐16‐5p‐regulated SIRT3‐SDHA axis in sepsis and provided novel insights for sepsis treatment.
RAB3D, upregulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), promotes the progression of prostate cancer by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Jingsong , Qi Haipeng , Wang Zheng , Zhang Ze , Song Erlin , Song Wenting , An Ruihua 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany patients with prostate cancer (PCa) cannot be diagnosed until an advanced stage, which make PCa become a large threat to human health. It is an urgent need to explore novel biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and targets for the effective treatment of PCa. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RAB3D (which belongs to the secretory Rab GTPases) on the progression of PCa. The results showed that RAB3D was highly expressed in PCa tissues compared to normal tissues according to the gene expression omnibus dataset. Consistent with the bioinformatics results, RAB3D exhibited a higher expression in PCa cells. Overexpression of RAB3D promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells, whereas the knockdown of RAB3D led to the opposite results. The procancer effects of RAB3D were further confirmed by the in vivo growth of xenograft model. Subsequently, RAB3D upregulated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) rescued the RAB3D upregulation‐induced promotion of malignant phenotypes of PCa cells. Furthermore, the transcription activity of RAB3D was found to be enhanced by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; a transcription factor). The AhR silencing‐induced inhibition of the proliferation and migration of PCa cells was reversed by the overexpression of RAB3D. Taken together, RAB3D, upregulated by AhR, promotes the PCa progression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Bespoke valve sizing avoids annular rupture in patients treated with a balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valve
Authors: Chavarria Jorge , Falcao Felipe , Dutra Gustavo , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Wood David , Douvi Georgia , Natarajan Madhu , Jaffer Iqbal , Velianou James , Sheth Tej 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnnular and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) calcification increase the risk of annular rupture following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The outcomes of a strategy of routine use of a balloon‐expandable valve (BEV) for all patients irrespective of annular or LVOT calcium is unknown.ObjectivesWe evaluated the impact of bespoke sizing on annular rupture in patients treated with a BEV.MethodsAll consecutive patients undergoing TAVR at a single centre (February 2020–February 2022) were treated only with a BEV. No other valve design was used. Annular/LVOT calcification was assessed using a standardized grading system. For each annular area, we determined the percentage valve oversizing with nominal deployment. The balloon deployment volume was then adjusted when required (over‐/underfilled) to achieve over‐sizing of approximately 5% in the presence of annular/LVOT calcium and 5%–10% in the absence of annular/LVOT calcium. Adjusted valve areas were assumed to change proportionately to the change in balloon deployment volume.ResultsAmong 533 TAVR treated patients, annular/LVOT calcification was present in 166 (31.1%) and moderate or severe in 90 (16.9%). In patients with annular/LVOT calcification, the adjusted oversizing was 3.5 ± 3.6% and in patients without annular/LVOT calcification, the adjusted oversizing was 6.8 ± 4.7% (p < 0.001). There were no cases of annular rupture and no cases with more than mild paravalvular leak (PVL). Mild PVL was more frequent in patients with annular/LVOT calcium (10.8% vs 4.6%, p = 0.01).ConclusionBespoke BEV sizing by adjustment of balloon deployment volume avoided annular rupture in patients undergoing TAVR.
Usefulness of a novel sizing chart for left atrial appendage occlusion with the Amplatzer Amulet
Authors: Freixa Xavier , Cepas‐Guillén Pedro , Korsholm Kasper , Kramer Anders , Regueiro Ander , Flores‐Umanzor Eduardo , Sanchis Laura , Arenas‐Loriente Andrea , Jensen Jesper Møller , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe present article aims to compare a novel sizing chart based on both maximum and minimum diameters (novel MATRIX) with the current sizing recommendation instructions for use (IFU) based on the maximum diameter.BackgroundCurrent IFU with the Amulet device are still based on the maximum left atrial appendage (LAA) diameter, which might lead to inappropriate oversizing, especially in elliptic appendages.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing LAA occlusion in two high‐volume centers. Two hundred patients were included (100 patients with baseline cardiac computed tomography angiography [CCTA] and 100 with baseline 2D and 3D‐transesophageal echocardiography [TEE]). The degree of concordance between the predicted device size recommendation and the actual device selection was the primary outcome.ResultsThe novel MATRIX showed a higher level of concordance between the predicted and implanted device size, regardless of imaging modalities. CCTA showed the strongest, and 2D‐TEE the weakest concordance between the predicted and implanted device for both MATRIX and IFU charts. The percentage of patients in whom the disagreement among the predicted and implanted device represented >1 size was higher when using the IFU chart. In elliptical LAA anatomies, the differences favoring the use of MATRIX compared to the IFU in terms of predicted/implanted agreement were higher. Finally, no significant differences in clinical or imaging endpoints were observed between the two different sizing charts.ConclusionsIncorporating both the LAA maximum and minimum diameters, as opposed to just maximum diameter, appears to improve sizing accuracy. The proposed MATRIX sizing chart offered a higher level of concordance between predicted and implanted device compared to the current IFU.
Alcohol septal ablation for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in cardiac amyloidosis: New indication for an established therapy
Authors: Fanta Lauren E. , Ewer Steven M. , Gimelli Giorgio , Reilly Nicole M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCardiac amyloidosis can occasionally demonstrate an atypical pattern of infiltration, causing asymmetric septal thickening and a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient with systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve resembling obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We present a case of a 70‐year‐old man with cardiac light‐chain amyloidosis and LVOT obstruction successfully treated with alcohol septal ablation (ASA). Following the procedure, he reported significant improvement in his heart failure symptoms as well as improvement in LVOT gradient and SAM of the mitral valve. This case demonstrates that ASA is a technically feasible and effective procedure for relieving LVOT obstruction in cardiac amyloidosis and can be considered as a treatment option in patients whose symptoms are refractory to medical therapy.