bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Metallothionein ameliorates airway epithelial apoptosis upon particulate matter exposure: role of oxidative stress and ion homeostasis
Authors: Li Bin , Huang Nannan , Wei Shengnan , Meng Qingtao , Wu Shenshen , Li Xiaobo , Chen Rui , Aschner Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the mechanism underlying particulate matter (PM) exposure-induced oxidative stress and potential rescue strategies against pulmonary damage in this context.

Methods
A combination of omics technology and bioinformatic analysis were used to uncover mechanisms underlying cellular responses to PM exposure in human bronchial epithelia (HBE) cells and imply the potential rescue.

Results
Our results implicated that oxidative stress, metal ion homeostasis, and apoptosis were the major cellular responses to PM exposure in HBE cells. PM exposure disrupted oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related gene expressions in HBE cells. Rescuing the expression of these genes with supplemental coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10) inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; however, it only partially protected HBEs against PM exposure-induced apoptosis. Further, metallothionein (MT)-encoding genes associated with metal ion homeostasis were significantly induced in HBE cells, which was transcriptionally regulated by specificity protein 1 (SP1). SP1 knock-down (KD) aggravated PM-induced apoptosis in HBE cells, suggesting it plays a role in MT induction. Subsequent studies corroborated the protective role of MT by showing that exogenous MTs supplement demonstrated effective protection against PM-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HBE cells. Importantly, exogenous MTs supplement was shown to reduce ROS generation and apoptosis in airway epithelia in both HBE cells and a PM-inhaled murine model.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the impact of MTs on airway epithelia by suppressing oxidative stress and maintaining metal ion homeostasis is beneficial in attenuating damage to pulmonary cells undergoing PM exposure.
Why AI is a Threat to the Rule of Law
Authors: Rosengrün Sebastian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper will argue that recent developments in AI technology and its role in digital capitalism threaten the rule of law. AI (or the companies who control it) promotes and monetizes free speech, political competition, and other aspects of democracy, while our societies have been shifting towards a “rule of code,” i.e., a system in which source code is able to put meaningful restraints not only on any individuals and institutions within a society, but also on law and the State. Based on Lawrence Lessig’s “Code is Law,” this paper will draw a more elaborated picture of “regulating AI” according to which AI is not only something that is to be regulated but also something that actively regulates individual and institutional behavior. From this background, it will be argued that, given the interdependence of governments and big tech corporations, free and open societies need to regain control over source code and the critical digital infrastructure to avoid being regulated by private companies that develop, control, and promote AI.
COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy: A review of maternal and infant benefits
Authors: Lamptey Emmanuel , Senkyire Ephraim Kumi , Banoya Moses Tia , Yaidoo Stanley 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPregnant women with COVID-19 are more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit and their babies born prematurely. Clinical trials excluded pregnant women from the vaccine and safety data were limited. However, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant women and their babies including evidence of maternal transfer of antibodies. In addition to these benefits, the vaccines are proved to be effective for both the pregnant women and infants. The current evidence supports the safety, immunogenicity of the COVID-19 vaccine and its effectiveness in reducing the theoretical risk of the infection among pregnant women and their infants. This review summarizes the recent data on the beneficial effects of COVID-19 immunization on both the pregnant mother and infant.
A mapping method for anomaly detection in a localized population of structures
Authors: Lin Weijiang , Worden Keith , Maguire Andrew E. , Cross Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Population-based structural health monitoring (PBSHM) provides a means of accounting for inter-turbine correlations when solving the problem of wind farm anomaly detection. Across a wind farm, where a group of structures (turbines) is placed in close vicinity to each other, the environmental conditions and, thus, structural behavior vary in a spatiotemporal manner. Spatiotemporal trends are often overlooked in the existing data-based wind farm anomaly detection methods, because most current methods are designed for individual structures, that is, detecting anomalous behavior of a turbine based on the past behavior of the same turbine. In contrast, the idea of PBSHM involves sharing data across a population of structures and capturing the interactions between structures. This paper proposes a population-based anomaly detection method, specifically for a localized population of structures, which accounts for the spatiotemporal correlations in structural behavior. A case study from an offshore wind farm is given to demonstrate the potential of the proposed method as a wind farm performance indicator. It is concluded that the method has the potential to indicate operational anomalies caused by a range of factors across a wind farm. The method may also be useful for other tasks such as wind power and turbine load modeling.
Brandom on Hegel and the Retrospective Determination of Intention
Authors: Levine Steven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper I examine Brandom's account of Hegel's claim that the content of an intention can only be determined retrospectively. While Brandom's account, given in Chapter 11 of A Spirit of Trust, sets a new standard for thinking about this topic, I argue that it is flawed in three important respects. First, Brandom is not able to make sense of a distinction that is central for Hegel, namely, between the consequences of an action that ought to have been foreseen by an acting agent, given the right of objectivity of the action, and unforeseeable consequences that are completely contingent. Second, Brandom incorrectly conceptualizes the disparity and unity that all actions display as temporally successive features of an action, rather than as speculatively identical features. Third, Brandom's account cannot make sense of cases of retrospective determination that involve self-deception, and this demonstrates that he misses something critical about Hegel's account of action, namely, that action is expressive of the logic of essence.
Association of an evolutionary-concordance lifestyle pattern score with incident CVD among Black and White men and women
Authors: Mao Ziling , Troeschel Alyssa N. , Judd Suzanne E. , Shikany James M. , Levitan Emily B. , Safford Monika M. , Bostick Roberd M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDietary and lifestyle evolutionary discordance is hypothesised to play a role in the aetiology of CVD, including CHD and stroke. We aimed to investigate associations of a previously reported, total (dietary plus lifestyle) evolutionary-concordance (EC) pattern score with incident CVD, CHD and stroke. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate associations of the EC score with CVD, CHD and stroke incidence among USA Black and White men and women ≥45 years old in the prospective REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study (2003–2017). The EC score comprised seven equally weighted components: a previously reported dietary EC score (using Block 98 FFQ data) and six lifestyle characteristics (alcohol intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, waist circumference, smoking history and social network size). A higher score indicates a more evolutionary-concordant dietary/lifestyle pattern. Of the 15 467 participants in the analytic cohort without a CVD diagnosis at baseline, 1563 were diagnosed with CVD (967 with CHD and 596 with stroke) during follow-up (median 11·0 years). Among participants in the highest relative to the lowest EC score quintile, the multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios and their 95 % CI for CVD, CHD and stroke were, respectively, 0·73 (0·62, 0·86;Ptrend< 0·001), 0·72 (0·59, 0·89;Ptrend< 0·001) and 0·76 (0·59, 0·98;Ptrend= 0·01). The results were similar by sex and race. Our findings support that a more evolutionary-concordant diet and lifestyle pattern may be associated with lower risk of CVD, CHD and stroke.
Public perception of the tax on sweetened beverages in France
Authors: Sarda Barthélemy , Debras Charlotte , Chazelas Eloi , Péneau Sandrine , Le Bodo Yann , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde , Julia Chantal 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:To assess in 2021 the acceptance and perception of the French tax on sweetened beverages, following its revision in 2018, and factors associated with a higher level of acceptance.Design:A cross-sectional survey within the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Participants were invited to complete a self-reported questionnaire in March 2021. Weighting was applied to the sample to allow inferences on the French population. Individual characteristics associated with support for the tax were investigated using logistic regression modelling.Settings:NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort study.Participants:Adults engaged in the NutriNet-Santé cohort, aged 18 years or older (n 28 344), living in mainland France.Results:Almost two-thirds (63·4 %) of the participants were aware of the existence of a tax on sweetened beverages, although less than a quarter had specific knowledge regarding its design and the 2018 revision. In turn, 64·7 % of participants expressed a favourable opinion towards the taxation scheme. This proportion was higher if tax revenues were used to finance health-related measures (respectively 68·8 % of favourable opinion if used to finance a reduction in prices of healthy products and 76·4 % if used to finance the healthcare system). Multivariable analyses showed that support towards the tax varied among subgroups of the population. Groups who tended to be less financially affected by the measure and those who perceived sugar-sweetened beverages as having detrimental effects were more likely to support the tax.Conclusion:The revised French sugar-sweetened beverage tax appeared to be favourably received and perceived by the public.
When does women’s political power matter? Women’s representation and legal gender equality of economic opportunity across contexts
Authors: Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores how women’s descriptive representation affects legal gender equality of economic opportunity. Building on existing studies on women’s descriptive and substantive representation, we argue that as the proportion of female legislators and ministers increases, legal gender equality of economic opportunity improves. Additionally, we expect that a country’s institutional context significantly shapes the influence of women in different positions of power on legal gender equality. The higher the legislature’s law-making power, the greater the effect of female legislators on legal gender equality; under the same condition, its relative influence compared to female cabinet ministers is also greater. Similarly, we hypothesize that the higher the level of democracy, the more effective female legislators compared to female ministers. To test these arguments, we draw on the database that provides cross-national information on legal discrimination against women in economic opportunities and provide supporting evidence for our arguments.
A Transition Towards an Unusually Wet Condition Will Not Alleviate Water Scarcity Risk in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Feng Yingying , Wang Tao , Chen Yaning , Zuo Lijun , Li Xichen , Xu Chaoyi , Zhao Yutong , Zhang Taotao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe arid Xinjiang region of China exemplifies severe water scarcity regions with a burgeoning agriculture. Whether or not the ongoing wetting, unprecedented in instrumental hydroclimatic records, will become routine has implications for regional oasis economy and China's Go West plan. Here, we show that Xinjiang experienced a one‐third increase in precipitation since the 1980s, and that this increase is primarily due to sea surface warming in the Bay of Bengal‐west Pacific and tropical North Atlantic. Using the historical precipitation‐sea surface temperature relationship to constrain future precipitation changes under a moderate warming scenario, annual precipitation over Xinjiang is projected to increase by 56% relative to the present‐day, and the levels of wetness of exceptional years, such as 2010 and 2016, will potentially become a new norm in terms of regional mean within the next few decades. However, such a large precipitation‐induced increase in freshwater resources will still be insufficient to rescue the Tarim and Junggar basins from their severe water scarcity dilemma within the next few decades, unless the most‐efficient water‐saving irrigation strategies are implemented.
Early Wintertime CO2 Uptake in the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Murata A. , Inoue J. , Nishino S. , Yasunaka S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate CO2 uptake in the western Arctic Ocean (north of 65°N), we conducted underway, ship‐based observations of the partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2) in surface seawater in early winter (November 2018). From these two properties of the seawater inorganic carbon system, we calculated total alkalinity (TA). In the early winter, surface seawater pCO2 in most places was lower than atmospheric pCO2. The weighted mean of the air‐sea influxes of CO2 were calculated to be 7.5 ± 1.6 mmol m−2 d−1. The calculated influxes imply that the area acted as a moderate sink for atmospheric CO2 in early winter, and its rate of CO2 uptake was comparable to that (8.0 ± 1.7 mmol m−2 d−1) in summer (late August−September 2017). Spatial variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the early winter could be attributed mostly to conservative mixing changes of TCO2 and TA, which together accounted for more than 70% of the pCO2 variations. In the marginal ice zone, however, there was a decrease of surface seawater pCO2 by 70–90 μatm because of horizontal advection of water with an anomalously high temperature from the Pacific Ocean and its subsequent cooling. We concluded that mixing of water masses was as important as biological processes in causing spatial variations of pCO2 and CO2 uptake in the western Arctic Ocean, especially during seasons and in areas associated with little biological activity.
Review of Brown Carbon Aerosols in China: Pollution Level, Optical Properties, and Emissions
Authors: Wang Qiaoqiao , Zhou Yuyi , Ma Nan , Zhu Yong , Zhao Xiaocong , Zhu Shaowen , Tao Jiangchuan , Hong Juan , Wu Wenjie , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrown carbon (BrC) has been recognized as an important contributor to global warming due to its absorption of solar radiation with strong wavelength dependence. While early studies mostly consider biomass burning as a major emission source, a few recent studies have suggested coal combustion and vehicle exhaust as important contributors to BrC emissions. Considering dominant coal consumption, large residential biofuel usage, and the increasing number of vehicles, BrC pollution could result in remarkable regional climate effects in China. This study gives an overview of sources, chemical composition and absorption properties of BrC, focusing on BrC categorization and its absorption measurement techniques. The basic pollution features of BrC in China, including surface concentrations, column burden, sources and associated absorbing properties are then summarized and compared to other countries. BrC emissions as well as its optical emission at 365 nm from the primary sources in China are also summarized to provide a more straightforward understanding of the light‐absorbing properties of BrC in China. With a detailed comparison of existing publications, the study gives deeper insight into the uncertainties in BrC measurements and will improve the understanding of the climate effect of BrC. The review also recommends key research areas for further investigation of BrC in the future.
Effects of Convective Mergers on the Evolution of Microphysical and Electrical Activity in a Severe Squall Line Simulated by WRF Coupled With Explicit Electrification Scheme
Authors: Lu Jingyu , Qie Xiushu , Xiao Xian , Jiang Rubin , Mansell Edward R. , Fierro Alexandre O. , Liu Dongxia , Chen Zhixiong , Yuan Shanfeng , Sun Mengyu , Yu Han , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Dongfang , Yair Yoav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo investigate the process of convective merger (CM) and its effect on thunderstorms evolution and corresponding electrical activity, a severe squall line that took place on 27 July 2015 over the Beijing Metropolitan Region (BMR) is simulated and studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with an explicit electrification lightning scheme (E‐WRF). The model‐simulated radar reflectivity reasonably captured the whole squall line evolution, including the merging of individual cells and storms. The variation of normalized flash frequency simulated by E‐WRF is highly consistent with the occurrence of a prominent flash rate surge during the CM both in the observation and the simulation. Cloud bridge is one of the regions where lightning events increase most. The upstream anvil and the sinking outflow led to the rapid connection and formation of new convective cells between the two older main storms. Subsequently, the mass of graupel and snow increased substantially at the middle level, and the mass of upper‐level ice was horizontally advected from upstream. During the merger, the in‐cloud charge distribution evolved from a staggered charge pocket structure into a vertically stratified five‐layer structure. This study supports the hypothesized role of CM in enhancing lightning activity, and further expands our understanding of CM effects on microphysics and charge‐redistribution.
Anomalous Responses of the F2 Layer Over the Brazilian Equatorial Sector During a Counter Electrojet Event: A Case Study
Authors: Santos A. M. , Brum C. G. M. , Batista I. S. , Sobral J. H. A. , Abdu M. A. , Souza J. R. , Chen S. S. , Denardini C. M. , de Jesus R. , Venkatesh K. , Nogueira P. A. B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, we report the ionospheric F‐layer responses over the Brazilian equatorial sector to a counter electrojet event that occurred during the solar minimum period of June 2009. The data collected by the Digisonde over São Luis (2.33°S; 44°W; I: −4751°; Dip. Lat. 238°S) showed a strong modification in the ionospheric F2 layer trace, which in this case appeared to be “broken in half.” In this process, the first part of the F2 layer (lower frequency) was thrown down whilst the upper part remained at higher altitudes. Such characteristics occurred simultaneously with an abrupt decrease in the strength of equatorial electrojet and with intensification in the auroral activity. The origin of this phenomenon seems to have a local nature and seems not to be connected to any magnetic disturbance since similar responses were not observed in other longitudinal and latitudinal sectors. Excluding this possibility, we assume that the strong changes observed in the F layer over São Luis had been caused probably by the gravity wave (GW) propagation, as seen in the downward phase propagation of the altitude contours with time over São Luis and Fortaleza and the remarkable signatures in ionograms over both regions, such as the forking traces that are typically caused by GWs.
Simulation of the Effect of Small‐Scale Mountains on Weather Conditions During the May 2021 Ultramarathon in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Xue Haile , Li Jian , Zhang Qinghong , Gu Hongping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypothermia killed 21 participants of the 100 km cross‐country Ultramarathon Mountain race in Baiyin, Gansu Province in northwestern China on 22 May 2021, when a large‐scale cold front passed by the race site. The hypothermia was caused by low temperatures, high winds, and hail‐like precipitation, as reported by survivors. However, there is no meteorological station near the race site, leading to a lack of data on the exact weather conditions during the race. Considering the complex topography of the race site, the weather conditions must be re‐built using high‐resolution model simulations, so that the tragedy can be investigated. In this study, the weather conditions in this mountainous area were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with a 333 m horizontal grid size. The results show that interaction between the mountain wind and orographic precipitation led to a 6.7°C decrease in temperature and a 12 m s−1 increase in wind speed. Precipitation increased owing to orographic accent and convergence, and fell as graupel. High‐speed downslope winds were the result of large‐amplitude trapped lee waves. The combination of low temperatures, high winds, and spillover graupel on the lee resulted in the blizzard‐like weather during the race, thus the hypothermia amongst the runners. The apparent temperature was estimated to be as low as −10°C. Our study shows that mesoscale numerical models with a grid size of hundreds of meters should be used to improve weather forecasts in mountainous regions and prevent future tragedies for special events.
An immunity and pyroptosis gene-pair signature predicts overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kong Weikaixin , He Liye , Zhu Jie , Brück Oscar , Porkka Kimmo , Heckman Caroline A. , Zhu Sujie , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTreatment responses of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are known to be heterogeneous, posing challenges for risk scoring and treatment stratification. In this retrospective multi-cohort study, we investigated whether combining pyroptosis- and immune-related genes improves prognostic classification of AML patients. Using a robust gene pairing approach, which effectively eliminates batch effects across heterogeneous patient cohorts and transcriptomic data, we developed an immunity and pyroptosis-related prognostic (IPRP) signature that consists of 15 genes. Using 5 AML cohorts (n = 1327 patients total), we demonstrate that the IPRP score leads to more consistent and accurate survival prediction performance, compared with 10 existing signatures, and that IPRP scoring is widely applicable to various patient cohorts, treatment procedures and transcriptomic technologies. Compared to current standards for AML patient stratification, such as age or ELN2017 risk classification, we demonstrate an added prognostic value of the IPRP risk score for providing improved prediction of AML patients. Our web-tool implementation of the IPRP score and a simple 4-factor nomogram enables practical and robust risk scoring for AML patients. Even though developed for AML patients, our pan-cancer analyses demonstrate a wider application of the IPRP signature for prognostic prediction and analysis of tumor-immune interplay also in multiple solid tumors.