bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nano bentonite on direct yellow 50 dye removal; Adsorption isotherm, kinetic analysis, and thermodynamic behavior
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed S. 
Published: April 2022

Developing countries suffering from the toxicity of different industrial effluents especially dyes. This study successfully prepared and characterized nano-bentonite for anionic dye removal (DY 50). The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), EDAX analysis, FT-IR, and TGA and the obtained results indicated the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 15 nm. The effect of different operating conditions was studied using different pH, dose, contact time, temperature, and initial DY 50 concentrations. The obtained results indicated that nano bentonite was able to adsorb about 78.3 and 100% for initial concentrations of 100±8.1 and 20 ±1.62 mg/L, respectively. The optimum removal conditions were observed at acidic media (pH 3) using sorbent material dosage 1 g/L for 45 min and 30°C. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic analysis, and thermodynamic behavior were studied by using linear equation form, and the adjusted R2 was compared to detect the preferred models. The adsorption isotherm indicated that heterogeneous, as well as multilayer adsorption, plays an important role in the removal of dye. Kinetic studies indicated the chemisorption interaction between sorbed and adsorbed molecules. Thermodynamic behavior indicated the reaction is exothermic with ∆H equal to −5.24 KJ/mol and ∆S equal −74.2 J/K.mol. Finally, this study strongly recommended using nano bentonite for DY 50 removal from an aqueous solution. The RSM relations show significant relations in all removal models with p-value <0.001. The ANN results indicated that the most effective operating conditions are the effect of nano bentonite dose followed by the pH effect.
Network Analysis of Endovascular Treatment Strategies for Femoropopliteal Arterial Occlusive Disease
Authors: Zhao Shenyu , Li Lingzhi , Cui Kaijun 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal arterial diseases remains controversial. We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aiming to investigate the efficacy differences between paclitaxel- or sirolimus-eluting stents, covered stents, drug-coated balloons, bare metal stents, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Method: MEDLINE, Embase, Ovid, and other relevant online material were searched up to October 21, 2020. Primary endpoints were primary patency and target lesion revascularization at 6, 12, and more than 24 months. Results: Thirty-eight eligible trials included 6026 patients. In terms of primary patency, drug eluting stents were ranked as the most effective treatment based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values at 6 (80.6), 12 (78.4), and more than 24 months (96.5) of follow-ups. In terms of target lesion revascularization, drug eluting stents were ranked as the most effective treatment based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve values at 6 (90.3), 12 (71.3), and more than 24 months (82.1) of follow-ups. Covered stents and bare metal stents had higher ranks in target lesion revascularization than those in primary patency. Sirolimus stents had a higher rank than paclitaxel stents. Conclusion: Drug eluting stents showed encouraging results in primary patency rates and freedom from target lesion revascularization at all phases of follow-up for femoropopliteal arterial diseases. Sirolimus stents appear to be more effective in femoropopliteal segment than paclitaxel stent.
Up-and-over access is not an optimal pathway for percutaneous catheter-directed thrombolysis in acute iliofemoral popliteal venous thrombosis
Authors: Li Fandong , Tang Dianjun , Guo Yanan , Yang Yanfei , Wang Fengchun , Wu Mengtao 
Published: April 2022

Objective To analyze the feasibility and results of up-and-over access (UOA) for catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in acute iliofemoral popliteal venous thrombosis (IFPVT). Methods From June 2020 to June 2021, a total of 26 patients (26 lower limbs) undergoing CDT for IFPVT were included. According to the vascular access, the patients were divided into UOA group ( n = 11, 10 left limbs and 1 right limb) and ipsilateral popliteal vein (ILPV) ( n = 15, 15 left limbs) access group. The differences in preoperative characteristics and technical details between the two groups were compared. Results Patients in UOA group were older than those in ILPV access group (67.64 ± 4.11 years VS. 52.73 ± 15.63 years, p = .003). The BMI of UOA group was significantly higher than that of ILPV access group (26.03 ± 1.62 kg/m2 VS 24.71 ± 1.46 kg/m2, p = .039). There were significantly more patients with simultaneous three comorbidities in UOA group than in ILPV access group (45.5% vs. 0, p = .043). Compared with ILPV access group, the duration of operation and fluoroscopy of UOA group were significantly longer (20.64 ± 3.41 min vs. 10.20 ± 1.42 min, p < .001; 18.18 ± 2.99 min vs. 6.13 ± 0.92 min, p < .001), but the technical success rate was significantly lower (54.5% vs. 100%, p = .007). In UOA group, the operation-related complications occurred, including catheter straying into lateral sacral vein (9.1%), retroperitoneal hematoma (9.1%), and thrombus shedding into filter (9.1%). Conclusion The UOA may be attempted in patients who are unable to be prone, but this access is not an optimal pathway for CDT.
The effectiveness of enterprise stent use on the treatment of intracranial atherosclerosis disease
Authors: Ari Oguz , Nas Omer F , Inecikli Mehmet F , Hakyemez Bahattin 
Published: April 2022

Objective To examine the clinical outcome of Enterprise stent in patients with severe and symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. Material and method Twenty-five patients who underwent Enterprise stenting between January 2012 and March 2019 were included in this study. Exclusion criteria were previous intracranial stenting and inadequate follow-up. Technical success rates of the procedures were recorded. Clinical outcome was evaluated with pre- and post-treatment modified Rankin Scale scores. The patients were monitored for 18 months clinically and for 14.3 months radiologically. Results The mean age of the 15 males and 10 females was 61.6 ± 8.19. Of these 25 patients, 6 (24%) were in the anterior system and 19 (76%) were in posterior system. The mean degree of pre-treatment stenosis was 86.4% ± 7 with the mean lesion length of 12.5 ± 7.5 mm. The residual stenosis rate was 23.8% ± 8.81. Technical success rate was 100%. There were two major complications within the first 30 days (8%). Late major complications (after 30 days) occurred in one case (4%). Stent restenosis was detected in two patients (8%). No intracranial bleeding or mortality was observed. Conclusion In this single-center study, we achieved high technical success and tolerable complication rates. Enterprise stent may be a good treatment alternative for severe intracranial stenosis especially in patients resistant to medical treatment when correct patient selection is made. However, further randomized controlled studies, including more cases should be carried out.
Improving Awareness of Workplace Opioid Use and Addiction Prevention: A Train-the-Trainer Approach
Authors: Persaud Eric , Weinstock Deborah , Landsbergis Paul 
Published: April 2022

Background: The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Worker Training Program developed instructor curriculum, a training tool, and materials to prepare trainees to conduct opioids workplace awareness training. Opioids and the Workplace Prevention and Response (OWPR) Train-the-Trainer (TTT) courses were held during three instructor-led online programs. Methods: The OWPR TTT was evaluated using an online pre- and posttest among registered participants, and an assessment of discussion among trainees during the training program. Results: A total of 31 pretests and 24 posttests were completed for the three TTT courses conducted. Quantitative and qualitative data complemented each other in supporting the conclusion that the training achieved intended objectives. Conclusion/Applications to Practice: The evaluation illustrated that the training was effective in increasing knowledge and confidence in conducting awareness training on opioid use and addiction prevention.
Computer Simulated Enhancement and Planning, Robotics and Navigation With Patient Specific Implants and 3-D Printed Cages
Authors: McAfee Paul C. , Cunningham Bryan W. , Mullinex Ken , Eisermann Lukas , Brooks Daina M. 
Published: April 2022

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Pre and postop Measurement Testing. This is a retrospective study of 33 consecutive interbody spacers in 21 patients who underwent pre, intra, and postoperative measurement of the middle column to determine if this would lead to more precise restoration of middle column height and spacer fit. Scaled transparencies of the pre-operative simulation of angular correction and spacer geometry could be overlayed on the post-operative imaging studies. Methods: Multiple Observers Measurement Testing. 33 consecutive vertebral levels requiring interbody spacers for multilevel deformities had middle column height pre and post operatively measured by 3 blinded observers. The preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared using a linear regression analysis and Pearson product-moment correlation. Results: Pre and postop Measurement Testing: Thirty-three interbody devices in 21 patients had pre-operative planning, simulation of cage dimensions to determine the proper cage fit which would provide for the desired correction of foraminal height and sagittal balance parameters. The simulated preoperative plan overlayed the final post-operative radiograph and was a near-perfect match in 20 of 21 patients (95.2%). Multiple Observers Measurement Testing: A Pearson product-moment correlation was run between each individual’s pre-op and post-op middle column measurements. There was a strong, positive correlation between pre-operative and post-operative measurements, which was statistically significant ( r = 0.903, n = 33, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This consecutive series of 33 cases demonstrated the utility of measuring the preoperative middle column length in predicting the optimal height of the spacers, intervertebral disks, and posterior vertebral body height simultaneously restoring sagittal and coronal plane alignment.
Challenges and Complications in Freehand S2-Alar-Iliac Spinopelvic Fixation and the Potential for Robotics to Enhance Patient Safety
Authors: Arora Ayush , Berven Sigurd 
Published: April 2022

Study Design: Narrative Summary Review for Navigation & Robotics Focus Issue. Objective: To discuss the challenges and complications of S2-Alar-Iliac (S2AI) spinopelvic fixation using freehand techniques, and to introduce the utility of navigation & robotics to enhance patient safety. Methods: This study involved search of literature using the PubMed database, including retrospective clinical studies, anatomic reports, and surgical reports. The intention was to find literature that discussed complications regarding screw malfunction from manual S2AI placement, anatomical complexity of the sacroiliac joint, and outcomes of S2AI procedures conducted with robotic guidance systems. Results: The sacroiliac joint presents numerous complexities that can lead to challenges in free-hand placement of the S2-alar-iliac screw. Anatomic considerations of the S2AI screw involve close proximity to vital neurovascular structures, including: superior gluteal vessels, external iliac vessels, pudendal vessels, superior gluteal nerves, sciatic nerve, sympathetic chain ganglia, and pudendal nerves. The complications associated with manual S2AI screw installation include screw misplacement, breach of cortical bone, and injury to neurovascular structures. Robotic techniques for establishing S2AI screws involve greater accuracy of screw placement and reduced complications. Conclusions: Accurate placement of S2AI screws is compromised by variation in pelvic anatomy and by a pathway that traverses dense cortical bone of the sacroiliac joint. Accurate placement of S2AI screws is important for patient safety regarding neurovascular structures, and for effective, stable fixation across the SI joint. Robotic navigation of S2AI fixation offers significant utility in improving the accuracy of screw placement and patient safety.
Microleakage Evaluation of Expired and Non-expired Resin Composites and Bonding Agents: In Vitro Study
Authors: Çilingir Aylin , Dulger Kıvanç 
Published: April 2022

Aim: Although the shelf life is a key property of dental composites and bonding agents, these materials may often be used in simple procedures after expiration. In this study, the microleakage of two year expired and non-expired dental composites (Filtek Ultimate Universal A2 Enamel, 3M ESPE, USA, and Tetric N Ceram A2, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and a universal bonding system (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE, USA) was examined. Materials and Methods: In 40 freshly extracted human molars, two standardized Class II cavities (buccolingual and mesiodistal width of 3 mm and 4 mm, respectively) were prepared (80 cavity preparations). The teeth were thermocycled in distilled water for 1000 cycles in a 5°C to 55°C water bath. Next, the teeth and their apical foramens were coated with water resistant nail varnish, except for 1 mm around the restoration–tooth interface, and retained in a 1% methylene blue solution. After 24 h, the specimens were cut into two halves and analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Scanning electron microscopy images of two samples of the groups were obtained. Results: The Kruskal–Wallis test indicated no significant differences between the groups ( P < .05). The occlusal median scores were not significant ( P = .99). Moreover, the gingival median scores were not significant ( P = .48). No difference was found between the occlusal and gingival values in any group ( P > .05). Conclusion: These findings indicated that two-year-expired dental composites and bonding agent, which were maintained under proper conditions, do not have any significant difference in terms of the microleakage.
Optimization of melanin pigment production from the halotolerant black yeast Hortaea werneckii AS1 isolated from solar salter in Alexandria
Authors: Elsayis Asmaa , Hassan Sahar W. M. , Ghanem Khaled M. , Khairy Heba 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMelanins are one of the magnificent natural pigments synthesized by a wide range of microorganisms including different species of fungi and bacteria. Marine black yeasts appear to be potential prospects for the synthesis of natural melanin pigment. As a result, the goal of this research was to isolate a marine black yeast melanin-producing strain and improve the culturing conditions in order to maximize the yield of such a valuable pigment.ResultsAmong five locally isolated black yeast strains, the only one that demonstrated a potent remarkable melanin pigment production was identified using ITS rDNA asHortaea werneckiiAS1. The extracted pigment’s physiochemical characterization and analytical investigation with Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed its nature as a melanin pigment. The data obtained from the polynomial model’s maximum point suggested that CaCl2, 1.125 g/L; trace element, 0.25 ml/L; and a culture volume 225 mL/500 mL at their optimal values were the critical three elements impacting melanin production. In comparison with the baseline settings, the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization approach resulted in a 2.0 - fold improvement in melanin output.ConclusionsA maximum melanin yield of 0.938 g/L proved the halotolerantH. werneckiiAS1 potentiality as a source for natural melanin pigment synthesis ‘when compared to some relevant black yeast strains’ and hence, facilitating its incorporation in a variety of pharmaceutical and environmental applications.
Exogenous proline mitigates toxic effects of cadmium via the decrease of cadmium accumulation and reestablishment of redox homeostasis in Brassica juncea
Authors: Wang Yuanduo , Tan Piaopiao , Chang Liang , Yue Zheming , Zeng Chaozhen , Li Mei , Liu Zhixiang , Dong Xujie , Yan Mingli 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
As a vital osmoticum, proline has an important role in enhancing the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. It is unclear whether the application of exogenous proline can improve the tolerance of Brassica juncea to cadmium (Cd).

Results
This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of proline (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) under Cd stress at different times (0 d, 2 d, and 7 d) on the growth and physiology of B. juncea. Treatment with exogenous proline not only increased the content of proline in B. juncea but also alleviated Cd-induced seedling growth inhibition via the maintenance of higher photosynthetic pigment content and cell viability and a decrease in the content of Cd. Moreover, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Compared with other concentrations, 60 mg/L of exogenous proline was the most effective at mitigating Cd toxicity in B. juncea.

Conclusions
Exogenous proline treatment enhanced the tolerance to Cd via a decrease in Cd accumulation and reestablishment of the redox homeostasis in B. juncea.
Dynamical indicators in time series of healthcare expenditures predict mortality risk of older adults following spousal bereavement
Authors: Katsiferis Alexandros , Nielsen Pernille Yde , Jensen Majken K. , Westendorp Rudi G. J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The process of aging renders older people susceptible for adverse outcomes upon stress. Various indicators derived from complex systems theory have been proposed for quantifying resilience in living organisms, including humans. We investigated the ability of system-based indicators in capturing the dynamics of resilience in humans who suffer the adversity of spousal bereavement and tested their predictive power in mortality as a finite health transition.

Methods
Using longitudinal register data on weekly healthcare consumption of all Danish citizens over the age of 65 from January 1st, 2011, throughout December 31st, 2016, we performed statistical comparisons of the indicators ‘average’, ‘slope’, ‘mean squared error’, and ‘lag-1 autocorrelation’ one year before and after spousal bereavement, stratified for age and sex. The relation between levels of these indicators before bereavement and mortality hazards thereafter was determined by time to event analysis. We assessed the added value for mortality prediction via the time dependent area (AUC) under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
The study included 934,003 citizens of whom 51,890 experienced spousal bereavement and 2862 died in the first year thereafter. Healthcare consumption is increased, more volatile and accelerating with aging and in men compared to women (all p-values < 0.001). All dynamic indicators before bereavement were positively related with mortality hazards thereafter (all p-values < 0.001). The average discriminative performance for the 1-year mortality risk of the model with only age as a predictor (AUC: 68.9% and 70.2%) was significantly increased with the addition of dynamical indicators (78.5% and 82.4%) for males and females, respectively.

Conclusions
Dynamic indicators in time series of health care expenditures are strong predictors of mortality risk and could be part of predictive models for prognosis after life stressors, such as bereavement.
Clinical manifestations and outcome of viral acute lower respiratory infection in hospitalised children in Myanmar
Authors: Kamata Kazuhiro , Thein Khin Nyo , Di Ja Lasham , Win Nay Chi , Win Su Mon Kyaw , Suzuki Yuko , Ito Ai , Osada Hidekazu , Chon Irina , Phyu Wint Wint , Aizawa Yuta , Ikuse Tatsuki , Ota Tomomi , Kyaw Yadanar , Tin Htay Htay , Shobugawa Yugo , Watanabe Hisami , Saito Reiko , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) remains the leading cause of death in children worldwide, and viruses have been the major cause of ALRI. In Myanmar, ALRI is associated with high morbidity and mortality in children, and detailed information on ALRI is currently lacking.

Methods
This prospective study investigated the viral aetiologies, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of ALRI in hospitalised children aged 1 month to 12 years at the Yankin Children Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar from May 2017 to April 2019. The sample size was set to 300 patients for each year. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained for the patients with suspected viral ALRI; one for rapid tests for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the other for real-time PCR for the 16 ALRI-causing viruses. Pneumococcal colonization rates were also investigated using real-time PCR. Clinical information was extracted from the medical records, and enrolled patients were categorised by age and severity for comparison.

Results
Among the 5463 patients admitted with a diagnosis of ALRI, 570 (10.4%) were enrolled in this study. The median age of the patients was 8 months (interquartile range, 4–15 months). The most common symptoms were cough (93%) and difficulty in breathing (73%), while the most common signs of ALRI were tachypnoea (78%) and chest indrawing (67%). A total of 16 viruses were detected in 502 of 570 patients’ samples (88%), with RSV B (36%) and rhinovirus (28%) being the most commonly detected. Multiple viruses were detected in 221 of 570 samples (37%) collected from 570 patients. Severe ALRI was diagnosed in 107 of 570 patients (19%), and RSV B and human rhinovirus were commonly detected. The mortality rate was 5%; influenza virus A (29%) and RSV B (21%) were commonly detected, and stunting and lack of immunization were frequently observed in such cases. Additionally, 45% (259/570) of the patients had pneumococcal colonization.

Conclusions
Viral ALRI in hospitalised children with a median of 8 months has significant morbidity and mortality rates in Myanmar. RSV and rhinovirus were the most commonly detected from nasopharyngeal swabs, while influenza virus and RSV were the most frequently associated with fatal cases.