bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Candidate Marker Genes of Sugar Starvation is Enhanced in Growth-Suppressed Parthenocarpic Cucumber Fruit
Authors: Tazuke Akio , Murakami Kaori , Kinoshita Tsuguki , Asayama Munehiko , Kuboyama Tsutomu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background In plant, sugar starvation occurs in many stress conditions. Although the involvement plant hormones is known, the underlying mechanism of fruit parthenocarpy is not known. Investigation of sugar starvation in growth suppressed parthenocarpic fruit may shed light on the parthenocarpy mechanism.Method Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruits were followed and harvested at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 days after anthesis, and the expression of eight candidate marker genes of sugar starvation and sugar concentration were examined.Results A growth analysis of fruits showed variability in the onset of exponential growth. Fruits in which growth was suppressed for more than 8 days after anthesis tended to abort. The variation in transcript levels was very high. The correlation matrix of the transcript level of the genes and the time course of the expression of the eight genes led to their classification into three groups. This varying pattern of gene expression may reflect the dynamics of parthenocarpic fruit. Moreover, the gene expression patterns and hexose concentration suggested that sugar starvation occurs in parthenocarpic fruit in which growth is suppressed. Therefore, the asparagine synthetase gene and the Cucumis sativus Somatic Embryogenesis Zinc Finger 1 (CsSEF1), Cucumis sativus Fruit Defoliation Induced 1 (CsFDI1), CsaV3_1G000860, CsaV3_3G041280, and CsaV3_3G023510 genes were regarded as good marker genes of sugar starvation.Conclusion The occurrence of sugar starvation suggests the low sink activity precedes the decline in fruit growth. This suggests the sink activity is the control point of parthenocarpic fruit set.
Impact of shared decision-making in patients with atrial fibrillation eligible for novel oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Chen Ching-Pei , Yang Yuan-Po , Wu Wei-Tsung , Tu Chung-Ming , Huang Hung-Kain , Chu Chun-Yuan , Huang Chi-Cheng , Chien Szu-Chi , Jhuo Shih-Jie , Wu Yen-Wen , Lin Tsung-Hsien 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Shared decision-making (SDM) promotes greater patient awareness about medical conditions and treatments, and facilitates patient involvement in care decisions. This two-stage multicenter study evaluated the impact of SDM in Taiwanese adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) eligible for novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy. Participants were NOAC-naïve (case) or dabigatran-experienced (control). During Stage I, case participants (n = 124) completed a semi-structured survey before and after viewing SDM materials on stroke prevention for AF. The surveys collected data on anxiety about AF, confidence in healthcare professionals, usefulness of SDM materials, and perception of different NOACs. During Stage II, both case participants (n = 87) and control participants (n = 104) completed another survey. Fewer case participants were anxious about AF (p < 0.01), and more had confidence in healthcare professionals (p < 0.01) after viewing the SDM materials than before. Most case participants (≥ 90%) rated the SDM materials “very helpful”. Dabigatran was the NOAC of choice after viewing the SDM materials among 90% of case participants. In Stage II, participants viewing SDM before initiating dabigatran had lower anxiety (case, 43%; control, 53%; p < 0.01) and a higher level of trust (case, 92%; control, 84%; p < 0.01). In conclusion, SDM reduced anxiety and improved trust in healthcare professionals among NOAC-naïve participants with AF.
Ethical Human Augmentation in the Military - A Comparison and Analysis of National and International Frameworks, Regulation, and Approval Processes
Authors: Whetham David , Purves Duncan , Nericcio Lorenzo , Auzanneau Margaux , Engleland Anicée van 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The potential for human augmentation in the military has notably increased in recent years. Medical, genetic, and technological augmentation all stand to fundamentally alter the way that warfighters engage with each other—as well as interact with the world outside of combat. This presents challenging and novel ethical questions. The past decade has seen the emergence of national and international ethics frameworks built to guide the development and implementation of military technologies, designed to augment, or modify the performance of human soldiers. These frameworks draw from the fields of bioethics, risk assessment, and just war theory, and so have important similarities. They also differ in critical ways. This survey begins by exploring the complexity of defining human augmentation and analysing several general international bioethics frameworks whose codes might bear on the ethical issues related to human augmentation in the military. It then highlights the normative principles at work across different governance frameworks and identifies issues in need of greater conceptual clarity and substantive deliberation for the purposes of arriving at international consensus. Each existing framework, along with various relevant international regulations and approval processes is critiqued, guiding the discussion toward the steps that must be taken if a more comprehensive international framework for the governance of human augmentation is to be developed.
Innovative hierarchical X-ray imaging approach to assess the sequential evolution of multi-organ damage in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Palermo Francesca , Pieroni Nicola , Sanna Alessia , Parodi Benedetta , Venturi Consuelo , Provinciali Ginevra Begani , Massimi Lorenzo , Maugeri Laura , Marra Gian Paolo , Longo Elena , D'Amico Lorenzo , Saccomano Giulia , Perrin Jonathan , Tromba Giuliana , Bukreeva Inna , Fratini Michela , Gigli Giuseppe , de Rosbo Nicole Kerlero , Cedola Alessia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The 3D complexity of biological tissues and the intricate structural-functional connections call for modern X-ray imaging approaches to overcome the limitations of classical imaging. Unlike other imaging techniques, X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) offers an unprecedented hierarchical 3D imaging approach to investigate different disease-relevant networks at levels ranging from the single cell through to the intact organ as a whole.

We study the evolution of tissue damage and inflammation in different organs affected by the disease in the murine model for multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). XPCT identifies and monitors structural and cellular alterations throughout the CNS, but also in the gut and eye, of mice induced to develop MS-like disease and sacrificed at pre-symptomatic and symptomatic time points. This study provides the sequential evolution of multi-organ damages in MS murine model showing the disease development and progression which is of obvious relevance for the human case.
Bifurcation Analysis of Hepatitis B Virus with Non-Cytolytic Cure Process on Infected Liver and Blood Cells
Authors: Mamo Tesfaye Tefera 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of bifurcation in disease transmission models has been observed in a number of epidemiological models. The consequence of bifurcation is that the classical requirement of the reproduction number being less than unity becomes only a necessary, but not sufficient, for disease elimination. This paper addresses the problem of finding the causes of bifurcation in standard deterministic models for the spread of HBV diseases with non-Cytolytic cure processes on infected liver and blood cells. The model contains logistic growth of healthy live and blood cells and non -Cytolytic cure processes of infected cells. I have got that the model exhibits back ward and forward bifurcations with some conditions. The existence of a backward bifurcation is an interesting artifact since this means that the disease cannot be eradicated by simply reducing the value of the basic reproduction number below 1.This can have important implications on drug therapy protocols, since it sheds light on possible control mechanisms for disease eradication.
Clinician acceptability of an antibiotic prescribing knowledge support system for primary care: a mixed-method evaluation of features and context
Authors: Ruth Hurley , Jury Francine , Tjeerd P. van Staa , Victoria Palin , Christopher J. Armitage 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Overprescribing of antibiotics is a major concern as it contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Research has found highly variable antibiotic prescribing in (UK) primary care, and to support more effective stewardship, the BRIT Project (Building Rapid Interventions to optimise prescribing) is implementing an eHealth Knowledge Support System. This will provide unique individualised analytics information to clinicians and patients at the point of care. The objective of the current study was to gauge the acceptability of the system to prescribing healthcare professionals and highlight factors to maximise intervention uptake.Methods: Two mixed-method co-design workshops were held online with primary care prescribing healthcare professionals (n=16). Usefulness ratings of example features were collected using online polls and online whiteboards. Verbal discussion and textual comments were analysed thematically using inductive (participant-centred) and deductive perspectives (using the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability). Results: Hierarchical thematic coding generated three overarching themes relevant to intervention use and development. Clinician concerns (focal issues) were safe prescribing, accessible information, autonomy, avoiding duplication, technical issues and time. Requirements were ease and efficiency of use, integration of systems, patient-centeredness, personalisation and training. Important features of the system included extraction of pertinent information from patient records (such as antibiotic prescribing history), recommended actions, personalised treatment, risk indicators and electronic patient communication leaflets. Anticipated acceptability and intention to use the knowledge support system was moderate to high. Time was identified as a focal cost/ burden, but this would be outweighed if the system improved patient outcomes and increased prescribing confidence.Conclusion: Clinicians anticipate that an eHealth knowledge support system will be a useful and acceptable way to optimise antibiotic prescribing at the point of care. The mixed method workshop highlighted issues to assist person-centred eHealth intervention development, such as the value of communicating patient outcomes. Important features were identified including the ability to efficiently extract and summarise pertinent information from the patient records, provide explainable and transparent risk information, and personalised information to support patient communication. The Theoretical Framework of Acceptability enabled structured, theoretically sound feedback and creation of a profile to benchmark future evaluations. This may encourage a consistent user-focused approach to guide future eHealth intervention development.
Functional analysis of bacteriophage cf-m3 intergenic region for superinfection immunity regulation
Authors: Cheng Ching-Ming , Yang Chia-Chin , Wang Zih-Yun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To understand the immunity determinants of bacteriophage cf, we applied DNA shuffling to mutate the intergenic region (IG) for isolation of possible cf immunity mutants. After superinfection screening, an immunity mutant cf-m3 was obtained with a 106-109 fold greater superinfection ability compared with wild type cf. Nine mutations were characterized, four located within the coding region for a hypothetical repressor, PT gene (ORF165), and five located upstream of the PT coding region. To establish whether the major immunity determinant is the predicted PT protein or in the cis region, phage cf-ls-P and cf-ls-R were generated which showed as low superinfection efficiency as the wild type cf and had no superinfection ability on the cf-lysogen, respectively. This result indicates that rather than superinfection inhibition, the PT protein and the un-transcribed cis element function individually as positive regulators for cf superinfection immunity. Greater superinfection ability depends on the simultaneous presence of both elements. To learn more about the regulation of cf immunity, we characterized in silico the wild-type genome of cf (NCBI NC_001396) and the 61 non-redundant clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) spacers of Xanthomonas citri identified from 643 CRISPR spacers of 28 strains in the CRISPR database. No homology between CRISPR spacers and the cf genome was found. This indicates that the cf acts through a different immunity mechanism from the CRISPR system. This work yields further insight into the mechanism of cf superinfection immunity.
The geological situation in Abu-Jir Faults Zone, western Iraq: evidence from the radioactivity in Hit –Haditha area
Authors: Ali Kamal K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Total radioactivity measurement (cps) in fifty-nine sites was achieved in the Hit- Kubaiysa- Haditha area. Geological samples (soil and rock) from those sites were analyzed for Ra-226, U-238, Th-232, and K-40 using Gamma spectroscopy system based on high pure germanium. The study aims to assess the radioactivity in the study area and attempt to understand the relationship between radioactivity and the geological situation in the area. The results showed that many sites have relatively high total radioactivity exceeding the background radioactivity by many times. The radioactivity concentrated in areas around the springs spreading in the area caused by the high concentration of Ra-226 which being have disequilibrium with its parent U-238. Some areas also have a relatively high concentration of U-238 in depressions areas where the upper part of the Euphrates Formation is outcropped. Based on the pattern of the spread of total radioactivity in the study area, the extension of the Euphrates Fault Zone and the Abu Jir Fault Zone could be determined, which extends towards northwest-southeast, in addition to the delineation of some of the recent faults that intersect with these zones in an east-west direction, most of which follow the spreading pattern of the springs in the region.
Intermodel uncertainty in Response of the Pacific Walker Circulation to Global Warming
Authors: Han Zi-Wen , Zheng Xiao-Tong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) is one of the major atmospheric circulations that plays an essential role in ocean-atmosphere interactions and global climate. The response of the PWC to greenhouse warming remains a mystery and model results are inconsistent. Based on multimodel simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6), this study explores the intermodel uncertainty of the change in the PWC under global warming. The combination of the El Niño-like warming pattern and the interbasin warming contrast between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans strengthens (weakens) the west (east) branch of the Pacific trade winds, resulting in a structural shifting of the PWC. By conducting a set of Atmosphere General Circulation Model (AGCM) experiments, we demonstrate that the western Pacific warming plays a critical role in driving the PWC shift. An intensified western Pacific warming counteracts the effect of Indian Ocean warming on the PWC, leading to a uniformly weakened PWC in the tropical Pacific due to the SST gradient. In contrast, a decreased warming in the western Pacific strengthens the west branch of the PWC, shifting the turning longitude of zonal wind changes eastward. Further analysis reveals that the intermodel uncertainty of change in the PWC depends on the model biases. Our finding highlights that the relative warming pattern in the Indian and Pacific Oceans determines the PWC change in a warmer climate.
A network perspective on the ecology of gut microbiota and progression of Type 2 Diabetes: linkages to keystone taxa in a Mexican cohort
Authors: Esquivel-Herná Diego Armando , Martínez-López Yoscelina Estrella , Sánchez-Castañeda Jean Paul , Neri-Rosario Daniel , Padrón-Manrique Cristian , Girón-Villalobos David , Mendoza-Ortíz Cristian , Resendis-Antonio Osbaldo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The human gut microbiota (GM) is a dynamic system which ecological interactions among the community members affect the host metabolism. Understanding the principles that rule the bidirectional communication between GM and its host, is one of the most valuable enterprise for uncovering how bacterial ecology influences the clinical variables in the host.
Results
Here, we used SparCC to infer association networks in 16S rRNA gene amplicon data from the GM of a cohort of Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in different stages: NG (normoglycemic), IFG (impaired fasting glucose), IGT (impaired glucose tolerance), IFG + IGT (impaired fasting glucose plus impaired glucose tolerance), T2D and T2D treated (T2D with a 5-year ongoing treatment). By exploring the network topology from the different stages of T2D, we observed that, as the disease progress, the networks lose the association between bacteria. It suggests that the microbial community becomes highly sensitive to perturbations in individuals with T2D. With the purpose to identify those genera that guide this transition, we computationally found keystone taxa (driver nodes) and core genera for a Mexican T2D cohort. Altogether, we suggest a set of genera driving the progress of the T2D in a Mexican cohort, among them Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Alistipes, Anaerostipes, and Terrisporobacter.
Conclusions
Based on a network approach, this study suggests a set of genera that can serve as a potential biomarker to distinguish the distinct degree of advances in T2D for a Mexican cohort of patients. Beyond limiting our conclusion to one population, we present a computational pipeline to link ecological networks and clinical stages in T2D, and desirable aim to advance in the field of precision medicine.
Seasonal Variability in Plankton Community in Lolab Freshwater Streams- a Lotic System of North Western Himalayas
Authors: Rashid Sumaira , Majeed Lone Rafiya , Anadrabi Syed javid Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Variability in the plankton community with respect to physico chemical parameters was studied for a year (2018-2019). The study area has a moderate climate with four seasons, i.e., spring, summer, autumn and winter. Eleven study sites were selected from the study area on an average distance of 5km, and samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory. Average rainfall, flow velocity, conductivity, ammonical nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ortho phosphorus, dissolved silica, and air temperature showed significant differences among all study sites and seasons i,e p < 0.05, while pH, Dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus and water temperature showed no significant difference. Almost all parameters showed a positive correlation except for pH, and average rainfall showed a negative correlation with other parameters maximum times. The composition and occurrence of plankton were recorded in the various sites during the study period. A total number of 68 taxa were recorded during four seasons in the Lolab watershed, with a total number of species of 4092 in spring, followed by 3204 in summer, 1860 in autumn, and 1553 in winter. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination was utilized to determine plankton abundance in relation to physicochemical parameters. The distribution of plankton in the water body was dominated by nitrate, phosphate, and dissolved oxygen, indicating that the river is still quite productive in producing food species for higher aquatic life. However, precautions should be made to keep the river from deteriorating further due to varying degrees of human activity.
Cornstarch protocol for nocturnal hypoglycemia in adult patient with mitochondrial disorder
Authors: Winikka Laura , Thomas Austin , Huang Michael , Chen Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders (MTDs) are a group of rare, highly heterogeneous disorders most commonly involving genetic defects in the oxidation-phosphorylation pathway. Multiple organ systems can be affected, though endocrine related conditions are particularly common. Non-diabetic patients with MTD have been found to have significantly increased rates of hypoglycemic episodes compared to the general population. Here we present a case of recurrent nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes in a 29-year-old male with unspecified mitochondrial myopathy who underwent extensive hypoglycemia testing which came back negative. The patient was ultimately started on a cornstarch therapy adapted from the treatment protocol for glycogen storage disease type Ia, leading to a resolution of his nocturnal hypoglycemia. The stabilization of blood glucose levels in this case suggests that the cornstarch protocol of 1.6 g/kg body weight before bedtime may be a viable treatment option for non-diabetic hypoglycemia in MTDs.
Knowledge Guided Multi-filter Residual Convolutional Neural Network for ICD Coding from Clinical Text
Authors: Boukhers Zeyd , Goswami Prantik , Jürjens Jan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Recent research works on automatic ICD coding demonstrated that Deep Neural Network models are efficient in capturing essential features from textual clinical data to predict the ICD code of the disease. However, it has been discovered that since these models rely only on training examples, they cannot grasp most of the relationships between medical entities present in new clinical texts. To overcome this, this paper introduces KG-MultiResCNN - Knowledge Guided Multi-filter Residual Convolutional Neural Network, a DNN model that relies, in addition to training examples, on external knowledge that embeds the relationships between the medical entities found in the clinical text. Specifically, we use the Wikidata Knowledge Graph (KG) to extract the relationship embeddings of medical entities. With this combination, our guided model is better at predicting the correct ICD codes. The extensive experiments with MIMIC-III dataset showed that KG-MultiResCNN outperformed the current state-of-the-art model and other baseline approaches.
Distillation of nonlocality in porous solids
Authors: Patnaik Sansit , Jokar Mehdi , Ding Wei , Semperlotti Fabio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Nonlocal interactions are intrinsic to multiscale heterogeneous solids. The strength of the interactions exhibits a position-dependent (heterogeneous) character whose spatial distribution strongly correlates with the underlying microstructure. In this work, a variable-order fractional calculus-based framework to distill the position-dependent nonlocal effects is developed. By considering the example of porous plates, theoretical and numerical analyses will illustrate the ability of variable-order mechanics to enable parsimonious and causal models via a synthetic variable-order map that naturally measures the non-classical role of the microstructure in determining the macroscopic response. Parsimony and causality ultimately enable the variable-order model to meaningfully measure the heterogeneous nonlocality and embed it in the variable-order map. The characteristic measure for nonlocality, different from the entanglement noted in the local porosity map, indicates a distillation of the macroscopic nonlocality, analogous to quantum nonlocality distillation. The macroscopic distillation also enables the additivity of the order map, that is the ability of assembled variable-order maps to capture the response of combined porous plates.