bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure distribution on a flat plate in the context of the phenomenon of the Coanda effect hysteresis
Authors: Skotnicka-Siepsiak Aldona 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs a result of the Coanda effect, a symmetrical free jet will flow as an asymmetrical wall jet. At the same time, at the obstacle along which the flow is observed, the wall jet generates pressure distribution. In this study, the obstacle located at the diffuser outlet is a flat plate with a variable inclination angle. The article presents results of the study on pressure distributions on a flat plate with a variable angle of inclination. In the experiment, the Reynolds number ranged from 16,192 to 42,240. A fixed geometry diffuser (Witoszyński nozzle) with a height of 0.60 m, width of 0.02 m and outlet velocity of 11.33–29.57 m/s was used. A plate with a length of 1.00 m and a variable inclination angle was installed at the diffuser outlet. What is new, however, is that the presented results of the experimental research include the influence of the Coanda effect hysteresis on the pressure distribution on the plate. The article shows how pressure distributions change on the plate depending on whether the initial angle of inclination was 0° and was increased gradually in the course of the experiment until a detachment of the jet flowing from the plate was observed, or the initial angle of inclination was close to 90° in the primal state and as the angle of the plate inclination was decreased, the jet flowing towards the plate reached the state of attachment to the plate surface. The study demonstrated that for a turbulent jet, pressure distribution on a flat plate is determined not only by the plate’s inclination angle, but also by the direction of its rotation.
Cytoprotective effects and antioxidant activities of acteoside and various extracts of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Turcz leaves against t-BHP induced oxidative damage
Authors: Zhu Junjie , Li Gang , Zhou Jing , Xu Zhiyong , Xu Jing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the antioxidant potential and cytoprotective effects of ethanolic crude extract from Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum leaves (ECE) and five derived fractions (namely, petroleum ether fraction (PEF), dichloromethane fraction (DMF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butyl alcohol fraction (BAF) and the remaining fraction (RF)), as well as acteoside (Ac, a major phenolic component in EAF) on oxidative damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 cells. MTT assay results showed that ECE, EAF, BAF, RF and Ac increased the viability of t-BHP-damaged cells in a dose-dependent manner, while EAF significantly promoted cell viability. EAF, BAF, RF, or Ac reduced the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, glutathione (GSH) levels and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased. Western blot analysis further indicated that EAF, BAF, RF, or Ac up-regulated pro-caspase-3 and reduced cleaved caspase-3 during t-BHP-induced oxidative stress. Flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence micrographs showed that Ac could inhibit apoptosis.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms and Explainability Techniques to Detect Hearing Loss From a Speech-in-Noise Screening Test
Authors: Lenatti Marta , Moreno-Sánchez Pedro A. , Polo Edoardo M. , Mollura Maximiliano , Barbieri Riccardo , Paglialonga Alessia 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of multivariate machine learning (ML) models applied to a speech-in-noise hearing screening test and investigate the contribution of the measured features toward hearing loss detection using explainability techniques.

Method:
Seven different ML techniques, including transparent (i.e., decision tree and logistic regression) and opaque (e.g., random forest) models, were trained and evaluated on a data set including 215 tested ears (99 with hearing loss of mild degree or higher and 116 with no hearing loss). Post hoc explainability techniques were applied to highlight the role of each feature in predicting hearing loss.

Results:
Random forest (accuracy = .85, sensitivity = .86, specificity = .85, precision = .84) performed, on average, better than decision tree (accuracy = .82, sensitivity = .84, specificity = .80, precision = .79). Support vector machine, logistic regression, and gradient boosting had similar performance as random forest. According to post hoc explainability analysis on models generated using random forest, the features with the highest relevance in predicting hearing loss were age, number and percentage of correct responses, and average reaction time, whereas the total test time had the lowest relevance.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that a multivariate approach can help detect hearing loss with satisfactory performance. Further research on a bigger sample and using more complex ML algorithms and explainability techniques is needed to fully investigate the role of input features (including additional features such as risk factors and individual responses to low-/high-frequency stimuli) in predicting hearing loss.
Smart auto mining (SAM) for industrial IoT blockchain network
Authors: Igboanusi Ikechi Saviour , Allwinnaldo Allwinnaldo , Alief Revin Naufal , Ansori Muhammad Rasyid Redha , Lee Jae‐Min , Kim Dong‐Seong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work proposes smart auto mining (SAM) for resource‐efficient mining in a blockchain network. The SAM algorithm stops the miners when there is zero pending transaction and starts the miner when there is at least one transaction sent into the network. The miner listens to the network to identify when a transaction has been made by a node. The model does not need any instruction to start mining when there is a pending transaction. The results show that a private Ethereum network produced over 300% more blocks in a 12‐h period with 599,950 transactions compared to when SAM is applied. The proposed algorithm is also able to reduce the storage used by the chaindata by 14%. The overhead of mining is decreased by reducing the production of empty blocks in the network which saves energy, storage space, network bandwidth and computational complexity.
Being incidentally exposed to a sport context: same consequences on gender schema activation as being in a sport context?
Authors: Clément-Guillotin Corentin , Colombel Fabienne , Easthope Chris Awai , Fontayne Paul 
Published: July 2022

The main goal of the present research was to examine whether the activation of gender schema would be indifferent to the method of induction: placing individuals into contexts or incidentally exposing them to contexts. Based on Clément-Guillotin and Fontayne’s (2011. Situational malleability of gender schema: The case of the competitive sport context. Sex Roles, 64, 426–439) study examining gender-related information processing efficiency while explicitly placing individuals into contexts, we investigated the same aspect while incidentally exposing individuals to contexts. We hypothesized that an exposure to a single, powerfully gendered context (i.e., competitive sport) may be sufficient to render gender and sex categories accessible when compared to a gender-neutral context (i.e., cinema). Three studies showed that participants primed with a competitive sport context were faster to respond to gender attributes and to indicate their own sex than participants primed with a cinema context. This underlines that the activation of sex and gender category systems is not identical when being incidentally exposed to versus actually being immersed in a gendered context. While explicitly placing individuals into a gendered context seems to activate a single gender schema dimension related to the context, being incidentally exposed to a single gendered context seems to activate both gender schema dimensions.
Factors associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers in aerosol-generating disciplines
Authors: Römmele Christoph , Kahn Maria , Zellmer Stephan , Muzalyova Anna , Hammel Gertrud , Bartenschlager Christina , Beyer Albert , Rosendahl Jonas , Schlittenbauer Tilo , Zenk Johannes , Al-Nawas Bilal , Frankenberger Roland , Hoffmann Juergen , Arens Christoph , Lammert Frank , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Messmann Helmut , Ebigbo Alanna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to exposure to potentially infectious material, especially during aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). We aimed to investigate risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in medical disciplines with AGP.
Methods A nationwide questionnaire-based study in private practices and hospital settings was conducted between 12/16/2020 and 01/24/2021. Data on SARS-CoV-2 infections among HCWs and potential risk factors of infection were investigated.
Results 2070 healthcare facilities with 25113 employees were included in the study. The overall infection rate among HCWs was 4.7%. Multivariate analysis showed that regions with higher incidence rates had a significantly increased risk of infection. Furthermore, hospital setting and HCWs in gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) had more than double the risk of infection (OR 2.63; 95% CI 2.50–2.82, p<0.01 and OR 2.35; 95% CI 2.25–2.50, p<0.01). For medical facilities who treated confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, there was a tendency towards higher risk of infection (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.11–1.63, p=0.068).
Conclusion Both factors within and outside medical facilities appear to be associated with an increased risk of infection among HCWs. Therefore, GIE and healthcare delivery setting were related to increased infection rates. Regions with higher SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates were also significantly associated with increased risk of infection.
Analyse der Patientencharakteristika in der stationären
Behandlung von Verhaltenssüchten – eine explorative
Studie
Authors: Gasser Cristina , Mutschler Jochen 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung, Fragestellung Zur Behandlung von Verhaltenssüchten ist
wenig klinische Forschung vorhanden. Daher werden in dieser Studie die
Patientencharakteristika aus den ersten 2 Jahren des Therapiemodells der
Privatklinik Meiringen beschrieben sowie Auffälligkeiten und
Veränderungen im psychischen Zustand der Patienten statistisch
analysiert.
Methoden Insgesamt 49 Personen zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren wurden aus dem
stationären Setting eingeschlossen. Die Patientencharakteristika wurden
mit deskriptiver Statistik dargestellt. Anhand validierter Messinstrumente wurde
der psychische Zustand der Patienten zum Eintritts- und Austrittszeitpunkt
erfasst und analysiert.
Resultate Die Analyse zeigte einerseits, dass alle Studienteilnehmenden
neben der Verhaltenssucht an anderen psychischen Komorbiditäten litten.
Am häufigsten trat die Depression auf. Zudem variierte die Verteilung
und das Vorkommen der Komorbiditäten je nach Verhaltenssucht.
Andererseits zeigte sich auch eine deutliche Verbesserung der psychischen
Belastung zwischen der Ersterhebung und der Letzterhebung
Schlussfolgerungen Die Studie gibt einen explorativen Einblick in
Eigenheiten der Patientencharakteristika im stationären Setting und
einen Überblick ihres Komorbiditätsspektrums. Leider
verunmöglicht der retrospektive Charakter der Studie genauere Aussagen
über die Wirksamkeit der Therapie.
Unwinding and spiral sliding of S4 and domain rotation of VSD during the electromechanical coupling in Nav1.7
Authors: Huang Gaoxingyu , Wu Qiurong , Li Zhangqiang , Jin Xueqin , Huang Xiaoshuang , Wu Tong , Pan Xiaojing , Yan Nieng 
Published: July 2022

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel Nav1.7 has been targeted for the development of nonaddictive pain killers. Structures of Nav1.7 in distinct functional states will offer an advanced mechanistic understanding and aid drug discovery. Here we report the cryoelectron microscopy analysis of a human Nav1.7 variant that, with 11 rationally introduced point mutations, has a markedly right-shifted activation voltage curve with V1/2reaching 69 mV. The voltage-sensing domain in the first repeat (VSDI) in a 2.7-Å resolution structure displays a completely down (deactivated) conformation. Compared to the structure of WT Nav1.7, three gating charge (GC) residues in VSDIare transferred to the cytosolic side through a combination of helix unwinding and spiral sliding of S4Iand ∼20° domain rotation. A conserved WNФФD motif on the cytoplasmic end of S3I stabilizes the down conformation of VSDI. One GC residue is transferred in VSDIImainly through helix sliding. Accompanying GC transfer in VSDIand VSDII, rearrangement and contraction of the intracellular gate is achieved through concerted movements of adjacent segments, including S4-5I, S4-5II, S5II, and all S6 segments. Our studies provide important insight into the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the single-chain voltage-gated ion channels and afford molecular interpretations for a number of pain-associated mutations whose pathogenic mechanism cannot be revealed from previously reported Navstructures.
Model reduction methods for nuclear emulators
Authors: Melendez J A , Drischler C , Furnstahl R J , Garcia A J , Zhang Xilin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The field of model order reduction (MOR) is growing in importance due to its ability to extract the key insights from complex simulations while discarding computationally burdensome and superfluous information. We provide an overview of MOR methods for the creation of fast & accurate emulators of memory- and compute-intensive nuclear systems, focusing on eigen-emulators and variational emulators. As an example, we describe how ‘eigenvector continuation’ is a special case of a much more general and well-studied MOR formalism for parameterized systems. We continue with an introduction to the Ritz and Galerkin projection methods that underpin many such emulators, while pointing to the relevant MOR theory and its successful applications along the way. We believe that this guide will open the door to broader applications in nuclear physics and facilitate communication with practitioners in other fields.
A very low frequency (VLF) antenna based on clamped bending-mode structure magnetoelectric laminates
Authors: Hu Lizhi , Zhang Qianshi , Wu Hanzhou , You Haoran , Jiao Jie , Luo Haosu , Wang Yaojin , Duan Chungang , Gao Anran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
As the development of wireless communication devices tends to be highly integrated, the miniaturization of very low frequency (VLF) antenna units has always been an unresolved issue. Here, a novel VLF mechanical communication antenna using magnetoelectric (ME) laminates with bending-mode structure is realized. ME laminates combines magnetostrictive Metglas amorphous ribbons and piezoelectric 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.3PbTiO3 single crystal plates. From the simulation, we confirmed that the ME laminates can reduce the resonance peak from 18 kHz to 7.5 kHz by bending-mode structure. Experiment results show the resonance frequency can be farther reduced to 6.3 kHz by clamping one end of the ME antenna. The ME laminate exhibits a giant converse ME coefficient of 6 Oe cm V−1 at 6.3 kHz. The magnetic flux density generated by the ME antenna has been tested along with distance ranging from 0 to 60 cm and it is estimated that a 1 fT flux could be detected around 100 m with an excitation power of 10 mW.
Structural stability and optical properties of 1D photonic crystals based on porous anodic alumina after annealing at different temperatures
Authors: Szwachta Grzegorz , Białek Ewelina , Włodarski Maksymilian , Norek Małgorzata 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Porous anodic alumina (PAA) photonic crystals with a photonic stop-band (PSB) placed in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region represent a promising approach for increasing of gas sensors sensitivity. An onion-like layered distribution of anionic impurities is a hallmark of PAA, and its presence is generally considered to demarcate the boundary between transparent and opaque ranges in the infrared spectral region. Here, we study the effect of annealing in the temperature range of 450 °C–1 100 °C on the structural stability and optical properties in photonic crystals based on PAA fabricated by pulse anodization in oxalic acid. Pulse sequences were selected in a way to obtain photonic crystals of different periodic structures with a PSB located in visible and MIR spectral regions. The first photonic crystal was composed of layers with gradually changing porosity, whereas the second photonic crystal consisted of a sequentially repeated double-layer unit with an abrupt change in porosity. We investigated the response of alumina with rationally designed porosities and different arrangements of porous layers for high-temperature treatment. The microstructure (scanning electron microscopy), phase composition (x-ray diffraction), and optical properties (optical spectroscopy) were analysed to track possible changes after annealing. Both photonic crystals demonstrated an excellent structural stability after 24 h annealing up to 950 °C. At the same time, the evaporation of the anionic impurities from PAA walls caused a shift of the PSB towards the shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, the annealing at 1 100 °C induced a high transparency (up to 90%) of alumina in MIR spectral region. It was shown thus that properly selected electrochemical and annealing conditions enable the fabrication of porous photonic crystals with the high transparency spanning the spectral range up to around 10 μm.
Langmuir probe without RF compensation
Authors: Dvořák P , Pálenik J , Tkáčik M , Pospíšil Z 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Langmuir probes with RF compensation are used for measurements of electron concentration, electron temperature and the DC value of plasma potential in RF discharges. In order to obtain all the RF components of plasma potential, simple probes without RF compensation are used. However, it has been believed that these uncompensated probes can not be used for determination of the DC value of plasma potential and of electron concentration and temperature, since their VA characteristics is distorted by the RF current. Consequently, the evaluation of data measured with uncompensated probes was not possible without additional measurement with a RF compensated Langmuir probe. This contribution analyzes the possibility to use uncompensated probes not only for measurement of RF components of plasma potential, but also for measurement of the DC component of plasma potential, electron concentration and electron temperature.
Energy selectivity in electron absorptive heating methods: does the angular momentum trap matter? An experimental investigation
Authors: Yip Chi-Shung , Jin Chenyao , Zhang Wei , Jiang Di , Ghim Young-Chul , Severn Greg 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Comparison between the Maxwell demon and a planar electrode has been revisited with an in-depth analysis of whether the angular momentum trap of the Maxwell demon indeed provides better energy selectivity than a small planar electrode that absorbs electrons indiscriminately. The evolutions of the EEDF under the influence of these heating techniques is directly analyzed, as well as the resultant plasma parameters. Experimental results show that the Maxwell demon indeed provides better energy selectivity as shown by its better retention of hot electrons than an indiscriminative absorption surface, which in turn results in smaller disturbance to the plasma potential a smaller reduction of the plasma density in the heating process. Experimental result also shows no electron heating when the demon is replaced by an ion-sheath forming large electrode, this is consistent with Mackenzie’s original results (MacKenzie et al 1971 App. Phys. Lett.
18 529). While it is possible to obtain the exact same plasma parameters replacing the Maxwell demon with a suitably sized planar plate and additional plasma parameters control, for experiments sensitive to the exact processes from which plasma parameters are formed, one should not overlook the physical differences of these heating methods.
The tunnel-current and photon-induced current in nanoscale photovoltaics
Authors: Moulhim Ali , Tripathi Brijesh , Kumar Manoj 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, the photo-induced current in a nanoscale photovoltaic device consisting of a quatum dot (QD) that is coupled to two metallic electrodes is derived by using the nonequilibrium Green function (NEGF) technique. The QD is assumed to have two levels and only one of them is within the bias window. The dependence of photocurrent on the photon’s energy and the level widths is analysed. This study shows the photocurrent could be maximized for a given range of photons’ energy which relates to the gap between levels and the level widths.
Testing gravity with the cosmic microwave background: constraints on modified gravity with two tensorial degrees of freedom
Authors: Hiramatsu Takashi , Kobayashi Tsutomu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe provide a cosmological test of modified gravity with two tensorial degrees of freedom and no extra propagating scalar mode. The theory of gravity we consider admits a cosmological model that is indistinguishable from the ΛCDM model at the level of the background evolution. The model has a single modified-gravity parameterβ, the effect of which can be seen in linear perturbations, though no extra scalar mode is propagating. Using the Boltzmann code modified to incorporate the present model, we derive the constraints -0.047 <β< -0.028 at 68% confidence from Planck CMB data. Since our modified gravity model can hardly be constrained by the Solar System tests and gravitational-wave propagation, our result offers the first observational test on the model.
Study of the kinetic regularities of the grain extrusion process in the production of highly digestible feed with protected protein for cattle
Authors: Ostrikov A N , Afanasiev V F , Vasilenko V N , Frolova L N , Kochkin I B , Eremin I D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The problem of developing highly digestible compound feeds with protected protein for cattle is due to the specifics of the gastric tract of cows and the peculiarities of protein assimilation. Due to the importance of preliminary moisture-heat treatment of grain for the subsequent course of the extrusion process, the treatment was carried out by steam at a pressure of 0.6 MPa before moistening the feed to a humidity of 17-20 % and heating to a temperature of 70-80 ° C. It is established that heat treatment has a significant effect on the carbohydrate complex of grain. Heating it at high temperatures causes the destruction of starch, accompanied by the formation of easily soluble carbohydrates, which has a positive effect on the digestibility of feed. The kinetic regularities of the processes of moisture-heat treatment, grinding and extrusion of grain in the production of highly digestible feed with protected protein for cattle were studied. The degree of dextrinization and the digestibility of starch increased with the heating temperature of corn and its mixtures with wheat up to 100-110 ° C. At the same time, the performance of the extruder was 300-320 kg/h, the digestibility of starch extruded corn and grain mixture increased to 85 and 68 mg of glucose per 1 g of the product (hereinafter mg/g), respectively. For wheat, this indicator is lower and, accordingly, is 50 mg/g. When heated during the extrusion of corn to a temperature of up to 120-140 ° C, the digestibility of starch was 100-110 mg/g, and for the grain mixture – 80-83 mg/g. At this temperature, the digestibility of the starch of extruded wheat corresponded to 60-65 mg/g. The optimal moisture content of feed in the process of extrusion for the purpose of forming pellets is 18 %. Studies of the extrusion effect on the carbohydrate complex of processed feed have shown that the destruction of starch in the extruded product increases. Thus, the content of soluble carbohydrates increases by 27-32 %, and the digestibility of starch increases twice in extruded feed compared to the unprocessed feed.