bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective review of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis queries, South Africa, 2016–2019
Authors: Whitbread Trisha A. , Kabuya Kathleen J. , Naran Nimesh , Juggernath Amilcar M. , Matthews Moushumi A. , Blumberg Lucille H. , Weyer Jacqueline , Essel Vivien 
Published: June 2022

Background: The National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICDs) of South Africa (SA) provides technical support to healthcare workers (HCWs) with regard to infectious diseases through the NICD clinician hotline. Queries to the hotline are often about rabies prophylaxis. An analysis of these queries may help to identify knowledge gaps amongst HCWs regarding prevention of rabies in humans in SA.Methods: A retrospective descriptive review was conducted to analyse rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) queries received by the NICD from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2019.Results: A total of 4655 queries were received by the NICD clinician hotline for the study period, of which 2461 pertained to rabies PEP (52.87%). The largest number of calls were placed by HCWs (n = 2313/2437; 94.9%). Queries originated mainly from Gauteng (n = 912/2443; 37.3%) and KwaZulu-Natal (n = 875/2443; 35.8%) provinces. A total of 50 different types of animals were related to exposures involving humans. Dogs (67.7%) and cats (11.8%) were the animals most frequently reported and exposure category III was most common (88.6%). Approximately equal numbers of callers were advised active management of administering rabies PEP and conservative management of withholding PEP. This did not seem to be affected by the exposure category related to the call.Conclusion: This analysis shows the ongoing demand by HCWs for technical support regarding patient management following potential exposure to rabies. Gaps in HCWs rabies knowledge provide unique learning points on guiding training to achieve the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030.
Active Tuberculosis Infection in Moroccan Patients with Rheumatic Diseases under Biologic Therapy
Authors: Aachari Ilham , Tahiri Latifa , Elolemy Gehan , Taik Fatima Z. , Afilal Saloua , Fellous Safaa , Berkchi Jihad M. , Rkain Hanan , Bahiri Rachid , Majjad Abderrahim , Achemlal Lahsen , Ousehal Soumaya , Nassar Kawtar , Mkinsi Ouafa , Mahha Fatima Z. , El Aissaoui Asmae , Chaoui Imane , Harzy Taoufik , Youssoufi Tarik , Hassikou Hasna , Kherrab Anass , Niamane Radouane , Eddarami Jalila , Ichchou Linda , Ghozlani Imad , El Bouchti Imane , Abourazzak Fatima Z. , Razine Rachid , Allali Fadoua 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of active tuberculosis (TB) infection in Moroccan patients with rheumatic diseases under biologic therapy, and to describe the demographic characteristics of these patients as well as to explore potential risk factors.

Methods:
This 14-year nationally representative multicenter study enrolled Moroccan patients with rheumatic diseases who had been treated with biologic therapy. Patient medical records were reviewed retrospectively for demographic characteristics, underlying rheumatic diseases, associated comorbidities, and TB-related data.

Results:
In total, 1407 eligible patients were studied, detailed records were obtained for only 130 patients; 33 cases with active TB were identified at an estimated prevalence rate of 2.3%. The mean age was 42.9 ± 12 years and 75.8% were males. Ankylosing spondylitis accounted for 84.8% of active TB cases, and the majority of the cases (31/33) occurred among antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) users. A total of 8 out of 33 patients were positive at initial latent TB infection (LTBI) screening by tuberculin skin test and/or interferon-gamma release assay. Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (odds ratio [OR], 34.841; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1–389.7; P = 0.04), diabetes (OR, 38.468; 95% CI, 1.6–878.3; P = 0,022), smoking (OR, 3.941; 95% CI, 1–159.9; P = 0.047), and long biologic therapy duration (OR, 1.991; 95% CI, 1.4–16.3; P = 0.001) were identified as risk factors for developing active TB.

Conclusion:
Moroccan patients with rheumatic diseases under anti-TNF-α agents are at an increased TB risk, especially when risk factors are present. Strict initial screening and regular monitoring of LTBI is recommended for patients living in high TB prevalence areas.
Investigation of Species Distribution of Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria Isolated from Sputum Samples in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Emikoglu Cerit Serihan Kübra , Tarhan Gülnur , Ceyhan Ismail 
Published: June 2022

Aims:
Rapid and accurate identification of mycobacteria is important for the species-specific treatment of the disease. The aim of this study was the identification at the species level of 34 nontuberculous mycobacteria strains isolated from respiratory tract samples and 14 reference strains as by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

Materials and Methods:
Isolates derived from clinical specimens were subcultured in the Lowenstein–Jensen medium. Deoxyribonucleic acid isolation was carried out using the boiling method. PCR amplification was performed using primers specific to the hsp65 gene region. The PCR products were digested BstEII and HaEIII enzymes. All samples were studied comparatively by two different centers.

Results:
In our study, the most common species were found to be Mycobacterium intracellulare in 23.52% (8/34). The performance of the PCR-RFLP method in detecting mycobacteria was found to be 82.35%.

Conclusions:
The PCR-RFLP method is a rapid, cheap, and practical method for the identification of mycobacteria.
Post Tuberculosis Chronic Lung Disease in Tuberculosis HIV Coinfected and non-HIV Individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kajogoo Violet Dismas , Twebaze Calleb , Said Bibie , Tesfahunei Hanna Amanuel , Charlie Loveness , Getachew Emnet 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Post tuberculosis (TB) sequelae are faced by many individuals who survive TB. The most common of all is post-TB chronic lung disease (CLD) and pulmonary impairment. We reviewed studies that estimated the prevalence of post-TB CLD in patients with TB only and those with TB-HIV coinfection.

Methods:
Searched Google scholar, PubMed, African journals online, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials from the year 2000 to 01 March 2022 for all designs of studies that examined the impact of post on lung impairment or damage. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, ID: chronic respiratory disease 42022304628.

Results:
Three hundred and thirty-six studies were identified and five studies were identified through other sources, four were finally in the meta-analysis with a total of 4382 enrolled participants. All the studies had a low risk of bias; The prevalence of CLD between the TB HIV coinfection and those with TB only was of no statistical significance between the three of the four studies – new statement: the prevalence of CLD in the TB-HIV coinfected group when compared to the group of participants with TB only was not statistically significant in the study. This was seen in three of the four studies. One study was in favor of the high prevalence of CLD in HIV coinfection participants (relative risk [RR] = 0.75 [0.61–0.89] with 95% confidence interval [0.61–0.89]).

Conclusions:
Post-TB lung disease is still a burden that needs advocation and an increase of awareness is necessary from the health-care level to the communities and societies, especially in regions of high prevalence. Development of guidelines for health-care workers to aid the management of individuals, multi-disciplinary advocacy is necessary for those whom prevention is not too late.
Diagnostic Utility of GenoType MTBDRsl Assay for the Detection of Moxifloxacin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as Compared to Phenotypic Method and Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Yadav Raj Narayan , Bhalla Manpreet , Kumar Gavish , Sah Grish C. , Dewan Ravindra Kumar , Singhal Ritu 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Recently, moxifloxacin (MFX)-resistant results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) obtained by GenoType MTBDRsl (second-line line probe assay [SL-LPA]) have been stratified to determine their resistance level; however, its accuracy has not been well studied. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SL-LPA, with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the detection of MFX-resistant Mtb and their resistance level.

Methods:
A total of 111 sputum samples were subjected to SL-LPA according to the diagnostic algorithm of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program. Results were compared with pDST of MFX (at critical concentration [CC, 0.25 μg/ml] and clinical breakpoint [CB, 1.0 μg/ml] using BACTEC mycobacterial growth indicator tube-960), and WGS.

Results:
At CC, SL-LPA and pDST yielded concordant results of MFX for 104 of 111 (94%). However, at CB, 23 of 30 (77%) isolates carrying gyrA mutation known to confer low-level resistance to MFX were scored as susceptible by pDST. Among 46 Mtb isolates carrying gyrA mutations known to confer high-level resistance to MFX, 36 (78%) isolates yielded concordant results, while 10 (22%) isolates were scored as susceptible at CB by pDST. WGS identified gyrA mutations in all isolates suggested by SL-LPA.

Conclusion:
It is concluded that the stratification of MFX-resistant results by SL-LPA/genotypic method is not very well correlated with pDST (at CB), and hence, pDST may not be completely replaced by SL-LPA. gyrA D94G and gyrAA90V are the most prevalent mutations in MFX-resistant Mtb.
Seasonal Variation of Diarrheal Disease, Injuries, and Respiratory Infections among Students of Medical College in Western Maharashtra
Authors: Bansal Ankur , Yadav Arun K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Diarrheal disease, injuries, and respiratory infections form the major chunk of diseases among adolescents. Hence, this study was carried out to study the seasonal variation among these three diseases.

Aim:
To study the seasonal variation among three diseases.

Methods:
A record-based retrospective study was conducted among students of a medical college in Western Maharashtra who reported to the General OPD. The data were collected for a period of 7 years from Jan 2012 to Mar 2019. The diseases were characterized under three board headings based on the predefined criteria.

Results:
All 10,881 sick reports of students reported during the period were included in the study. After exclusion, the data were analyzed for 6,322 sick reports. A total of 67% of the cases were of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), followed by injuries (19%). On analyzing the seasonal variations among the three categories, it was observed that there was an increase in the cases of diarrhea in the postmonsoon months of September and October. Injuries were maximum from August to September. The seasonal trend could be seen in URTI cases with a maximum number of cases from January to March and August to October.

Conclusions:
The burden of these diseases could be reduced if we take measures to detect the changes in their trend through the implementation of surveillance programs.
Comparative study of analgesia of ketorolac, tramadol, and flupirtine in the management of third molar surgery
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh Kumar , Kohli Munish , Pandey Praveen Kumar , Dwivedi Pankaj Dayal , Singh Vaibhav Pratap 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
The most commonly performed surgical procedure in most oral and maxillofacial surgery practices is the removal of third molars. Postoperative pain is considered a form of acute pain due to surgical trauma with an inflammatory reaction.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and fifty patients were included in the study which were divided into GROUP-A, B, and C-50 patients each; those who underwent third molar removal under local anesthesia. Local anesthesia was obtained by inferior alveolar, lingual, long buccal, posterior superior alveolar, and greater palatal nerve block injections after first complain of pain, all patients were prescribed analgesics (Ketorolac-10 mg), (Tramadol-50 mg), (Flupirtine-100 mg), and antibiotics co-amoxiclav-625 mg) T. D. S in all the three groups A, B, C, respectively, for 5 days and the timing noted in the patients assessment sheet. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 15.0 statistical analysis software.

Results:
The flupirtine group has early onset and also had minimum side effects. All the groups showed similar trend in change in pain score from 3 h. P. O to different time intervals. It was observed the pain score increased significantly till 6 h. Post operative a decreased trend was found at 24 h, 48 h, 78 h, after 6 h. and this change was found to be statistically significant for all three groups.

Conclusion:
Flupirtine had faster onset and comparable pain management profile as compared to tramadol, it also had minimum side effects, hence the use of flupirtine might be recommended for postoperative pain management in cases undergoing third molar surgery.
Assessment of chin morphology in different skeletal dysplasia – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ralte Lalsangliana , Singh GK , Singh Alka , Sharma Vipul Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study is to evaluate the morphology of the symphyseal region of adult skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusion as compared with Skeletal Class I subjects.

Materials and Methods:
The symphyseal width and height were evaluated using data from 80 lateral cephalograms of the age range of 18 years to 25 years. Average growing Skeletal Class II (n = 30) and Class III (n = 20) subjects were used as a comparison group. Average growing normal occlusion samples (n = 30) were used as controls.

Results:
Alveolar height was similar in all groups. The width of the symphyseal region including basal width, the width of the cervical region of the lower central incisor at the cementoenamel junction, and symphysis width were found to be similar in all groups. There is no significant difference in gonial angle in both Class II and III groups as compared to control. Articular angle showed no significant difference. Mandibular incisor dentoalveolar height (L1-AH) was found to be significantly higher in the Class II group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
There are no definite morphological differences in the symphyseal region between average grower Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal malocclusions except mandibular incisor dentoalveolar height (L1-AH) and incisor mandibular plane angle which is higher whereas ramus length and body length which is lesser in Class II group as compared with controls. Width of the cervical region of the lower central incisor at the cementoenamel junction (Id-Id’) and incisor mandibular plane angle was lower than control in Class III subjects.
Structural and functional outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with lamellar macular hole
Authors: Khodabande Alireza , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Ghassemi Hafez , Mirzaei Arash , Abbas Haider , Mirghorbani Masoud 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:
To investigate the short-term functional and microstructural outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without gas tamponade in lamellar macular holes (LH).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this prospective case series, LH cases diagnosed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) underwent PPV with epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal and internal limiting membrane peeling without gas tamponade. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT imaging preoperatively and 3 months after the surgery.

RESULTS:
Among 22 eyes, 10 degenerative (Deg) LH, 8 tractional (Trac) LH, and 4 mixed-type LH were assessed. After the surgery, anatomical closure occurred in 20 eyes (91%) without any significant difference between LH subgroups. Comparing preoperative and postoperative values, no significant changes was detected regarding BCVA neither totally (P = 0.5) nor in subgroups (P for Deg = 1.0, Trac = 0.71, Mix = 0.18). The overall central foveal thickness was increased significantly after surgery (P < 0.01), but in subgroup analysis, the increase was significant only for Trac LH (P = 0.02). The tractional LH eyes had less ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruptions compared to Deg or mixed subgroups before surgery. There were no changes in EZ integrity before and after the surgery. In regression analysis, no correlation was found between demographic or clinical characteristics and anatomical closure or BCVA improvement postoperatively.

CONCLUSION:
PPV resulted in 91% anatomical closure of all cases of LH but without functional improvement in short-term. Further prospective clinical trials with larger sample size and longer follow-up would be required to confirm the clinical significance of these findings.
Phytochemical And Micro Anatomical Studies on Leaf, Stem and Petiole of Two Species of Dioscorea (Dioscorea alata L. and Dioscorea bulbifera L.)
Authors: Sam S. M. , Wahua C. 
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the presence of bioactive compounds and micro anatomy on leaf, stem and petiole of Dioscorea species (Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea bulbifera). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides and absent of alkaloids, anthraquinone and phlobatanin in Dioscorea alata. Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and flavonoids were present in Dioscorea bulbifera while anthraquinone and phlobatanin were absent. Microanatomical section of Dioscorea alata leaf showed amphistomatous epidermal cell with thickened cell wall and distinct middle lamella, bounded with intercellular air space, adaxial epidermal cells with eccentric nuclei, large central vacuole with thin peripheral layer of cytoplasm. The foliar epidermis of Dioscorea bulbifera leaf revealed anamocytic and anisocyticstomatas as well as dense hairy trichomes with cuticular striated cell wall on the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. Histological sections of Dioscorea alata stem revealed vascular bundles arranged in two concentric circles. The vascular bundle of the outer circle was smaller than the inner, with two metaxylem vessels together with one phloem unit present at both ends, however, the sections of Dioscorea bulbifera stem, showed bundles of inner circle with unpaired metaxylem with phloem unit at one end. Sections of Dioscorea alata’s petiole showed basically collateral vascular bundles arranged in a ring with the presence of two to three phloem units in each bundle with the presence of crystal granules. The sections of Dioscorea bulbifera’s petiole on the other hand showed longitudinal cell walls with the presence of sieve plates. These histological features and active compounds show that these plant parts are likely to have some medicinal compositions values that should be explored.
Physicochemical Assessment of Ground Water Quality from Borehole and Hand Dug Wells around Obajana Community, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Jacob A. A. , Ndukwe G. I. , Gimba C. E. , Yilleng M. T. , Stephen D. , Fasanya O. , Samuel N. Y. , Madaki L. A. 
Published: June 2022

The groundwater qualities of Obajana in Kogi State were determined. The study consisted of the determination of some heavy metals and physicochemical properties of drinking water samples. The samples were analyzed for the following parameters iron, copper, manganese, zinc, lead,using AAS Varian AA240FS. Nitrates, sulphate, phosphate, colour, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), temperature, turbidity, total hardness and total alkalinity using standard method. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameters in samples as follows: temperature 26-30oC, pH 5.53-7.89, electrical conductivity (EC) 6.210-339.670 μS/cm, total hardness 50.00- 424.20 mg/l, alkalinity 1.10-145.67mg/l, turbidity 0.00-34 FTU, colour 5-15TCU, phosphate 0.02-0.760 mg/l, nitrate 10.24-48.20mg/l, sulphate 24.70-222.13mg/l, dissolved oxygen 0.2-1.8 mg/l, BOD 0.2-1.0mg/l, COD 1.1-3.2mg/l, Cu 0.00.1-0.10mg/l , Fe 0.01-0.060mg/l, Zn 0.029-5.046mg/l, Mn 0.0-0.44mg/l and Pb 0.0348-1.046mg/l. The concentrations of some of the investigated parameters in the drinking water samples from the research region were above the permissible limits of the World Health Organization standard for drinking water quality guidelines. lead was found to exceed 0.01mg/l which is the WHO maximum limit, also zinc and manganese were found to exceed the WHO maximum limit of 3.0mg/l and 0.1mg/l.
PERSEPSI NASABAH TERHADAP BANK BRI DAN CREDIT UNION PANCUR KASIH DI KOTA BENGKAYANG : MARKETING MIX
Authors: Manggu Blasius , Beni Sabinus 
Published: June 2022

Perbankan merupakan salah satu badan usaha dalam bidang jasa pelayanan keuangan. Tugas utamanya adalah menghimpun dana dari masyarakat dan menyalurkan dana tersebut kepada peminjam, kemudian digunakan untuk ditanamkan pada sector produksi dan investasi. Oleh karena itu, system keuangan memiliki peranan yang sangat mendasar dalam perekonomian dan kehidupan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan persepsi konsumen terhadap Bank dan Credit Union di Kota Bengkayang, dari sisi marketing mix, diharapkan penelitian dapat memberikan solusi kepada pihak manajemen Bank BRI Dan CU Pancur Kasih cabang kota Bengkayang. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif,. Dan jenis penelitiannya studi kasus didukung dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, kuesioner, dokumentasi, dan observasi dengan subyek Penelitian yaitu Bank BRI dan Credit Union (CU) Pancur Kasih serta nasabah yang ada di Kota Bengkayang. Sifat penelitian ini adalah Explanatoring Research, dimana Teknik analisis dalam penelitian untuk mencapai tujuan yaitu dengan menggunakan analisis komparatif yaitu dengan menggunakan test “t” (uji beda) yakni untuk mencari perbedaan yang signifikan dari dua buah mean, baik antara dua sampel data atau antara beberapa sampel data. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan pendekatan probalitas untuk dimensi produk dan promosi, persepsi nasabah Bank BRI Dan CU Pancur Kasih berbeda, sementara untuk ketiga dimensi pelayanan, lokasi, kredibilitas dengan pendekatan analisis probalitasnya > 0,025 maka H0 diterima yang artinya rata-rata persepsi nasabah terhadap Bank BRI dan CU Pancur Kasih ketiganya sama.