bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of nicotine dependence among daily smokers in China: evidence from a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xu Yue , Xu Shuiyang , Wu Qingqing , Chen Heni , Yao Dingming , Hu XiuJing , Zhang Xuehai 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveThe current study aimed to assess the level of nicotine dependence and its influencing factors among daily smokers in Zhejiang, China.SettingThe 2020 Global Adult Tobacco Survey was conducted in Zhejiang, China.Participants1244 daily smokers aged ≥15 years.MeasuresRespondents were asked questions regarding their age, sex, residence, education level, occupation, household income, age of starting daily smoking and nicotine dependence.ResultsThe findings revealed that 17.4% of daily smokers were highly dependent on nicotine, and the mean Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score of daily smokers was (3.1±2.4). Age, educational level, occupation and age of starting daily smoking had significant effects on high nicotine dependence, whereas residence, sex and yearly household income were not significant factors. Compared with the age group ≥60 years, the proportion of respondents with a higher nicotine dependence level was lower in the age group of 15–39 years (OR=0.45). Daily smokers with a higher education level had a lower nicotine dependence level than those with a lower education level: primary or less (OR=3.07) and secondary (OR=2.62). Government institution staff (OR=4.02), unemployed persons (OR=3.08) and industrial workers (OR=2.46) had significantly higher nicotine dependence levels than did workers in the other occupation categories. People who started daily smoking at ≤18 years of age had a higher nicotine dependence level (OR=2.25) than those who started later.ConclusionsThis study elucidated that nearly one-fifth of daily smokers in Zhejiang, China, have high nicotine dependence levels. Improved health information on tobacco smoking is needed to encourage daily smokers to quit smoking, particularly among young males, unemployed persons and those with lower education levels.
How commercial actors used different types of power to influence policy on restricting food marketing: a qualitative study with policy actors in Thailand
Authors: Phulkerd Sirinya , Collin Jeff , Ngqangashe Yandisa , Thow Anne Marie , Schram Ashley , Huckel Schneider Carmen , Friel Sharon 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThere is limited research focused explicitly on understanding how commercial actors use different forms of power to influence policy decision making in Thailand. This study aimed to identify how the food industry has used structural, instrumental and discursive power to influence policy on restricting food marketing in Thailand.Study designQualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviewsSettingsThailand.ParticipantsThe interviews were conducted with 20 participants (of a total of 29 invited actors) from government, civil society, technical experts, international organisation and the food and advertising industry. Interview data were identified in the transcripts and analysed using abductive methods.ResultsNon-commercial actors perceived the commercial actors’ structural power (its economic influence and structurally privileged position) as central to understanding the government having not implemented policy to restrict food marketing. The commercial actors’ instrumental power was observed through sponsorship, campaign and lobbying activities. Discursive power was used by the industry to shift responsibility away from the food companies and onto their customers, by focusing their messaging on freedom of consumer choice and consumer health literacy.ConclusionsThis study examined different types of power that commercial actors were perceived to use to influence policy to restrict food marketing in Thailand. The study showed arguments and institutional processes used to enhance commercial actors’ ability to shape the policy decision for nutrition, public opinion and the broader regulatory environment. The findings help governments and other stakeholders to anticipate industry efforts to counter policy. The findings also suggest the need for governance structures that counter industry power, including comprehensive monitoring and enforcement in policy implementation.
Koori Quit Pack mailout smoking cessation support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke: a feasibility study protocol
Authors: Kennedy Michelle , Mersha Amanual Getnet , Maddox Raglan , Chamberlain Catherine , Maidment Sian , O'Mara Peter , Segan Cathy , Hunt Marina , Clarke Kerindy , Donaldson Belinda , Bonevski Billie 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionSmoking remains the leading preventable cause of death for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke are more likely to make a quit attempt than their non-Aboriginal counterparts but less likely to sustain the quit attempt. There is little available evidence specifically for and by Indigenous peoples to inform best practice smoking cessation care.The provision of a free Koori Quit Pack with optional nicotine replacement therapy sent by mail may be a feasible, acceptable and effective way to access stop smoking support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.Methods and analysisAn Aboriginal-led, multisite non-randomised single-group, pre–post feasibility study across three states in Australia will be conducted. Participants will be recruited via service-targeted social media advertising and during usual care at their Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services. Through a process of self-referral, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke daily will complete a survey and receive mailout smoking cessation support. Data will be collected over the phone by an Aboriginal Research Assistant. This pilot study will inform the development of a larger, powered trial.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council Ethics Committee of New South Wales (NSW) (#1894/21) and the University of Newcastle (#H-2022-0174). Findings will be reported through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant local, national and international conferences. The findings will be shared with the NSW and Victoria Quitline, Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council and Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisation and the National Heart Foundation.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000654752.
Retrospective spatial analysis of cases of COVID-19 in a single military accommodation block corridor, RMAS, January–March 21
Authors: Taylor Hannah , Routledge M , Fawcett J , Ross D 
Published: October 2022

Shared ablutions and stairwells, corridor cross-ventilation and non-deliberate perflation (natural draft blowing through a space) are potential risk factors for COVID-19 transmission in corridor-based accommodation. This paper uses retrospective spatial analysis to identify potential built environmental risk factors during the January–March 2021 outbreak in Victory College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.Distance was measured in units of single room spacing. Odds, ORs and 95% CIs were calculated to identify and measure associations between distance from exposure and having COVID-19. Distance response trends were assessed using Pearson’s χ2for trend test. Linear relationships were tested using the t-test or rank-sum test.Stairwells and ablutions were not identified as likely sources of infection for all corridor occupants. Assuming occupants used their nearest ablutions, closer distance among those attributed to using ablutions 2 (one of four sets of ablutions), was identified as a risk factor (p=0.05). Testing distance response by χ2linear trend testing showed a potential association between nearest adjacent positive room and COVID-19 (p=0.06), strongest if dominant air movement along the corridor length was from the left (p=0.10) compared with the right (p=0.24).Formal qualitative spatial analysis and environmental assessment of ventilation and air movement has a role in outbreak investigation in assessing factors related to the built environment. Environmental investigations would best inform outbreak investigations if undertaken contemporaneously. Pre-emptive and retrospective studies can help inform public health advice to military establishments in business continuity planning for isolation facilities, during outbreaks or in future development of the built environment.
Novel scoring system based on clinical examination for prediction of in-hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pramudyo Miftah , Bijaksana Transiska Liesmadona , Yahya Achmad Fauzi , Putra Iwan Cahyo Santosa 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to develop PADjadjaran Mortality in Acute coronary syndrome (PADMA) Score to predict in-hospital mortality in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients based on clinical examination only. Additionally, we also compared the predictive value of the PADMA Score with the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), Canada Acute Coronary Syndrome (C-ACS), and The Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ProACS) risk scores.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all ACS patients aged≥18 years who were admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022. Patients’ demographic, comorbidities and clinical presentation data were collected and analysed using multivariate logistic regression to create two models of scoring system (probability and cut-off model) to predict in-hospital all-cause mortality. The area under the curve (AUC) among PADMA, GRACE, C-ACS and ProACS risk scores was compared using the fisher Z test.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis of 1359 patients showed that older age, history of cerebrovascular disease, tachycardia, high Shock Index and Killip class III and IV were independent mortality predictors and included in the PADMA Score. PADMA Score ranged from 0 to 20, with a score≥5 that can predict all-cause mortality with 82.78% sensitivity and 72.35% specificity. The difference in AUC between PADMA and GRACE scores was insignificant (p=0.126). Moreover, the AUC of the PADMA Score was significantly higher compared with the C-ACS (p=0.002) and ProACS risk scores (p<0.001).ConclusionPADMA Score is a simple scoring system to predict in-hospital mortality in ACS patients. PADMA Score≥5 showed an accurate discriminative capability to predict in-hospital mortality, comparable with the GRACE Score and superior to C-ACS and ProACS scores.
Hadronic molecules composed of a doubly charmed tetraquark state and a charmed meson
Authors: Pan Ya-Wen , Wu Tian-Wei , Liu Ming-Zhu , Geng Li-Sheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe three pentaquark states, $$P_c(4312)$$

P
c

(
4312
)

, $$P_c(4440)$$

P
c

(
4440
)

and $$P_c(4457)$$

P
c

(
4457
)

, discovered by the LHCb Collaboration in 2019, can be arranged into a complete heavy quark spin symmetry multiplet of hadronic molecules of $$\bar{D}^{(*)}\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

(

∗
)

. In the heavy quark mass limit, the $$\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}$$

Σ

c

(

∗
)

baryons can be related to the doubly charmed tetraquark states of isospin 1, i.e., $$T_{\bar{c}\bar{c}}^{(*)}$$

T

c

¯

c

¯

(

∗
)

( $$T_{\bar{c}\bar{c}}^{0}$$

T

c

¯

c

¯

0

, $$T_{\bar{c}\bar{c}}^{1}$$

T

c

¯

c

¯

1

, $$T_{\bar{c}\bar{c}}^{2}$$

T

c

¯

c

¯

2

), via heavy antiquark diquark symmetry, which dictates that the $$\bar{D}^{(*)}\Sigma _{c}^{(*)}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

Σ

c

(

∗
)

interactions are the same as the $$\bar{D}^{(*)}T_{\bar{c}\bar{c}}^{(*)}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

T

c

¯

c

¯

(

∗
)

interactions up to heavy antiquark diquark symmetry breakings. In this work, we employ the contact-range effective field theory to systematically study the $$\bar{D}^{(*)}T_{\bar{c}\bar{c}}^{(*)}$$

D

¯

(

∗
)

T

c

¯

c

¯

(

∗
)

systems, and we show the existence of a complete heavy quark spin symmetry multiplet of hadronic molecules composed of a doubly charmed tetraquark state and a charmed meson. These are a new kind of hadronic molecules and, if discovered, can lead to a better understanding of the many exotic hadrons discovered so far. In addition, we summarise the triply charmed hexaquark states formed by different combinations of hadrons. In particular, we show that $$\bar{\Omega }_{ccc}{p}$$

Ω

¯

ccc

p

system can bind by the Coulomb force, which is analogous to a hydrogenlike atom.
Early Stage and Established Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results From Population Health Surveys in 17 Countries, 2010–2017
Authors: Shakil Saate S. , Ojji Dike , Longenecker Chris T. , Roth Gregory A. 
Published: October 2022

Background:

Multiple studies have reported a high burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa, but none have examined early stage hypertension. We examined contemporary prevalence of diagnosed, treated, and controlled stage I (130–139/80–89 mm Hg) and II (
≥
140/90 mm Hg) hypertension in the general population of sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods:
We analyzed World Health Organization STEPwise Approach to Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance surveys from 17 sub-Saharan Africa countries including 85 371 respondents representing 85 million individuals from 2010 to 2017. We extracted demographic variables, blood pressure, self-reported hypertension diagnosis/awareness, and treatment status to estimate prevalence of stage I and II hypertension and treatment by country. We examined diagnosis and treatment trends by national sociodemographic index, a marker of development.

Results:

Stage I hypertension prevalence (regardless of diagnosis/treatment) was >25% in 13 of 17 countries, highest in Sudan (35.3% [95% CI, 33.7%–37.0%]), and lowest in Eritrea (20.2% [18.8%–21.6%]). Combined stages I and II hypertension prevalence was >50% in 13 countries; <20% were diagnosed in every country. Treatment among those diagnosed ranged from 26% to 63%, and control (<140/90 mm Hg) from 4% to 17%. In 8 of 9 countries reporting on behavioral interventions (eg, salt reduction, weight loss, exercise, and smoking cessation), <60% of diagnosed individuals received counseling. Rates of diagnosis, but not treatment, were positively associated with sociodemographic index (
P
=0.008), although there was substantial variation between countries even at similar levels of development.

Conclusions:
Hypertension is common in sub-Saharan Africa but rates of diagnosis, treatment, and control markedly low. There is a large population with early stage hypertension that may benefit from behavioral counseling to prevent progression. Our analyses suggest that success in population hypertension care may be achieved independently of socioeconomic development, highlighting a need for policymakers to identify best practices in those countries that outperform similar or more developed countries.
Reduced CircSMOC1 Level Promotes Metabolic Reprogramming via PTBP1 (Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein) and miR-329-3p in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rats
Authors: Lu Gui-Feng , Geng Fei , Deng Li-Ping , Lin Da-Cen , Huang Yan-Zhen , Lai Su-Mei , Lin Yi-Chen , Gui Long-Xin , Sham James S.K. , Lin Mo-Jun 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension maintains rapid cell proliferation and vascular remodeling through metabolic reprogramming. Recent studies suggested that circRNAs play important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation. However, the relationship between circRNA, cell proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming in pulmonary arterial hypertension has not been investigated.

Methods:
RNA-seq and qRT-PCR reveal the differential expression profile of circRNA in pulmonary arteries of pulmonary arterial hypertension rat models. Transfection was used to examine the effects of circSMOC1 on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and the roles of circSMOC1 in vivo were investigated by adenoassociated virus. Mass spectrometry, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to investigate the signaling pathway of circSMOC1 regulating the metabolic reprogramming.

Results:
CircSMOC1 was significantly downregulated in pulmonary arteries of pulmonary arterial hypertension rats. CircSMOC1 knockdown promoted proliferation and migration and enhanced aerobic glycolysis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. CircSMOC1 overexpression in vivo alleviates pulmonary vascular remodeling, right ventricular pressure, and right heart hypertrophy. In the nucleus, circSMOC1 directly binds to PTBP1 (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein), competitively inhibits the specific splicing of PKM (pyruvate kinase M) premRNA, resulting in the upregulation of PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2), the key enzyme of aerobic glycolysis, to enhance glycolysis. In the cytoplasm, circSMOC1 acted as a miR-329-3p sponge, and its reduction in pulmonary arterial hypertension suppressed PDHB (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta) expression, leading to the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

Conclusions:
circSMOC1 is crucially involved in the metabolic reprogramming of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells through PTBP1 and miR-329-3p to regulate pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Association of Cumulative Viral Load With the Incidence of Hypertension and Diabetes in People With HIV
Authors: Rivera Adovich S. , Rusie Laura , Plank Megan , Siddique Juned , Beach Lauren B. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Feinstein Matthew J. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
HIV induces several metabolic derangements that contribute to cardiovascular disease, but it is unclear if HIV increases diabetes or hypertension risk. Refining longitudinal relationships between HIV-specific factors and cardiovascular disease risk factors across different care settings may help inform cardiovascular disease prevention among people with HIV (PWH).

Methods:
We tested the hypothesis that long-term higher cumulative viral load (viremia-copy-year) is associated with higher risk of diabetes and hypertension by analyzing electronic records of PWH from 2 distinct health systems in Chicago (Northwestern Medicine and Howard Brown Health Care) receiving care in 2004 to 2019. We used joint longitudinal-survival models to assess multivariable-adjusted associations. Subgroup analyses per site were also conducted.

Results:
We observed 230 (3.0%) incident diabetes cases in 7628 PWH without baseline diabetes and 496 (6.7%) hypertension cases in 7450 PWH without baseline hypertension. Pooled analysis showed a direct association of viremia-copy-year with incident hypertension (hazards ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.14–1.26]) but not with diabetes (hazards ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.96–1.10]). However, site-specific differences existed whereby the Northwestern-only analysis demonstrated a significant association of viremia-copy-year with hypertension (hazards ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.08–1.32]). Additionally, higher social deprivation index (both sites) and diagnosis of mental health disorder (Howard Brown Health only) was associated with higher diabetes and hypertension risk.

Conclusions:
Cumulative viral load may be associated with incident hypertension among PWH. Associations of HIV control with cardiovascular disease risk factors among PWH may differ by health care system context.
Potential Mediators of Causal Associations of Circulating Triglycerides With Blood Pressure: Evidence From Genetic and Observational Data
Authors: Liu Lian Yong , Gu Qing , Hu Xue , Fan Jie , Liu Xing Zhen 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Existing evidence indicates that elevated triglycerides may affect blood pressure, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Herein, we aim to identify the intermediaries of associations of triglyceride with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure using the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework.

Methods:
Triglyceride-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were extracted and used to match phenotypes in PhenoScanner. From the broad spectrum of possible triglyceride-associated traits, potential mediators linking triglyceride to blood pressure were screened out by MR and MR-based mediation analysis. Moreover, cross-sectional observational data of 206 341 adults were used to validate the mediators identified at the genetic level.

Results:
Among the nearly 100 raw phenotypes matched by 313 triglyceride-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms, 39 traits were filtered and integrated into subsequent analysis. By further filtering using MR analysis, only pulse rate and lymphocyte count (LC) were identified as independent mediators. MR-based mediation analysis showed that genetically predicted LC could mediate 9.2% of the association of triglyceride with systolic blood pressure; genetically predicted pulse rate and LC could mediate 18.3% and 17.6% of the association of triglyceride with DBP, respectively. Observational data also support the mediating role of pulse rate and LC.

Conclusions:
The current findings highlighted the mediating role of pulse rate and LC on the causal pathway from triglyceride to blood pressure and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism by which high triglyceride affects other cardiometabolic factors.
MiR-1249 on Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles Mediates Cigarette Smoke–Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Inhibiting HDAC10 (Histone Deacetylase 10)-NFκB (Nuclear Factor κB)-CaSR (Calcium-Sensing Receptor) Cascade
Authors: Su Yuan , Tan Rubin , Sun Mengxiang , Yuan Linbo , Ruiz Matthieu , Dupuis Jocelyn , Hu Qinghua , Zhu Liping 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Overproduction of endothelial extracellular vesicles (eEVs) is correlated with pulmonary hypertension progression, but the precise mechanism remains largely unclear.

Methods:
MicroRNA-chip and real-time polymerase chain reaction were conducted to screen and validate microRNA profiles in blood plasma eEVs of rats and human with or without cigarette smoking. Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were cultured to study signaling pathways. Pulmonary hypertension phenotypes were evaluated in wild-type and calcium-sensing receptor knockout rats to identify the pathophysiological significance of the microRNA pathway.

Results:
MicroR-1249 was predominant highly expressed in eEVs from plasma of rats exposed to cigarette smoking, and confirmed in eEVs from plasma of human smokers as well as in eEVs from cigarette smoke extract-treated pulmonary artery endothelial cells, but not in cigarette smoke extract-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. In cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, microR-1249 downregulated the expression of histone deacetylase 10, which in turn enhanced the acetylated form of NFκB (nuclear factor κB) level and its nuclear translocation leading to increased expression of calcium-sensing receptor. In rats, the repression of microR-1249 in eEVs by microR-1249 inhibitor, histone deacetylase 10 overexpression, or calcium-sensing receptor knockout profoundly inhibited the proliferative capacities and diminished apoptosis-resistance of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and pulmonary hypertension development in rats intravenously administrated with eEVs preparation from cigarette smoke extract-treated pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

Conclusions:
Cigarette smoke–enriched microR-1249 in endothelial extracellular vesicles facilitates the hyperproliferative and antiapoptotic status of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells promoting pulmonary hypertension evolution through the inhibition of histone deacetylase 10–NFκB–calcium-sensing receptor cascade.