bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Magnetic Resonance Abnormalities in Leigh Syndrome with Emphasis on Correlation of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings with Clinical Presentation
Authors: Kakkar Chandan , Gupta Seema , Kakkar Shruti , Gupta Kamini , Saggar Kavita 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of infancy/early childhood secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of LS with certain typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings considered as a part of diagnostic criteria. We appraised various MRI findings on conventional MRI sequences and also assessed potential correlation between diffusion abnormalities and patient's clinical presentation.

Aims:
Our aim was to describe various patterns of central nervous system involvement in LS and to assess the correlation of diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities with clinical presentation.

Settings and Design:
The design of the study was retrospective comprising 8 children with LS who had MRI between years 2014 and 2019.

Subjects and Methods:
Eight children between the age group of 4 months 8 years with LS based on clinical presentation, elevated lactate levels in CSF/Blood, and typical MRI findings were included in the study.

Results and Conclusions:
Brainstem was involved all (100%) patients while basal ganglia was affected in 5 (62.5%) children. Cerebral white matter involvement was present in 3 (37.5%) children, cerebellar in 2 (25%) children while spinal, corpus callosum, and thalamic involvement were observed in one (12.5%) patient each. Diffusion restriction was observed in 6 children, all of them presented with altered sensorium. Conventional MRI serves as an excellent tool for the diagnosis of LS in children with clinical suspicion. Acute encephalopathy frequently presents with diffusion restriction corresponding to active lesions. Hence, diffusion restriction on MRI predicts the activity of lesions in patients with LS.
The Evaluation of Serum Lipid Profile in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre in Western India
Authors: Meena Durga Shankar , Kumar Deepak , Garg Mahendra Kumar , Meena Mahadev , Seju Bharat , Bohra Gopal Krishana , Midha Naresh Kumar , Banerjee Mithu 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known as a metabolovirus due to its impact on lipid and glucose metabolism in the liver. Previous literature showed a trend of hypolipidemia and reduced risk of metabolic syndrome in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients. However, data from the Indian population are lacking. We evaluate the relation of lipid profile with HBV infection and severity of liver disease.Materials and Methods:This was an observational cross-sectional study in which 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 43 anthropometrically matched seronegative controls were enrolled. Demographical, clinical, and laboratory data including lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides, and total cholesterol [TC]) were collected. Seropositive patients were categorized based on prognostic models (model for end-stage liver disease [MELD] and Child-Pugh score) for further analysis.Results:Our study revealed significant low levels of serum TC, HDL, and LDL cholesterol in hepatitis B patients compared to seronegative controls (133.06 vs. 162.39, 35.56 vs. 43.65, and 76.62 vs. 99.95 mg/dl respectively,P< 0.05). The patients with high MELD and Child-Pugh score were associated with hypolipidemia. Significant low levels of LDL and TC were observed in Child-Pugh class C in comparison to class A (94.8 vs. 149.2 and 50.6 vs. 87.9 mg/dl respectively,P< 0.05).Conclusions:A significant reduction in various lipid parameters was seen with chronic hepatitis B. Furthermore, prognostic score (high MELD and Child-Pugh score) were associated with hypolipidemia.
Detection of Heteroresistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chaudhary Bajarangi Lal , Bisht Dakshina , Faujdar Sameer Singh 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The testing of heteroresistance vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) by the population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) is tedious and laborious. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of hVISA among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and compare two screening tests: brain heart infusion agar with vancomycin 4 mg/L (BHIV4) and macromethod E-test (MET) with PAP-AUC as the gold standard.

Materials and Methods:
Antibiotic sensitivity test and detection of MRSA were performed according to the CLSI guidelines. PAP-AUC, BHIV4, and MET were used to detect hVISA.

Results:
A total of 288 MRSA isolates were tested for hVISA, with 48 (16.66%) being detected by PAP-AUC. With PAP-AUC, BHIV4's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 70.83%, 96.66%, 80.95%, and 94.3%, respectively. The majority of hVISA isolates were found in the vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration range 1–2 mg/L.

Conclusions:
hVISA was found to be 16.6% in this investigation. When compared to MET, BHIV4 had a higher sensitivity, and teicoplanin and linezolid were found to be the most effective drug against hVISA.
Phenotypic Detection of Biofilm Formation in Clinical Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Malik Nitisha , Bisht Dakshina , Aggarwal Juhi , Rawat Ashutosh 
Published: November 2022

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common pathogens which causes mild-to-severe diseases. Moreover, its ability to produce biofilm along with drug resistance makes it more notorious and difficult to treat; therefore, early biofilm detection can help in better management of diseases caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Materials and Methods:
All clinically isolated S. aureus were screened for their antibiotic susceptibility pattern followed by MRSA status by cefoxitin disk-diffusion method. Evaluation of biofilm-producing nature of biofilm was accessed by tissue culture plate (TCP), tube adhesion (TA), and Congo red agar (CRA) methods.

Results:
Of all S. aureus isolates, 57% had MRSA status. TCP method showed that 68% of MRSA were biofilm producers. TA method showed 55% and CRA method showed 46% biofilm production.

Conclusion:
Early detection of MRSA and biofilm could be very beneficial to control S. aureus infection. Of all three biofilm detection methods, TCP method was effective in detecting biofilm, followed by TA and CRA methods.
Post-COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Singh Harpal , Kaur Kanwardeep , Mittal Sheenab , Kaur Ivanpreet , Mittal Manisha , Kundal Ramesh K 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic infection which has increased in the recent times of upsurge of cases of covid 19. Secondary infection by mucormycosis is noticed in individuals with low immune status, patients on steroid and oxygen therapy. Aims and Objectives: The aim was to analyse mucormycosis cases post covid19 as per age, gender, site of involvement, hospitalization status, site involvement and treatment outcome of patients.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on specimens received in the Department of Pathology, over a period of 1 year in which 29 cases of mucormycosis were included. Specimens received in the laboratory were fixed in 10% formalin and submitted to detailed gross examination. Proper orientation in eye exenteration specimens and meticulous examination of the debridement specimens was done along with submission of representative sections in all the cases. Sections were then stained with H and E stain and special stain i.e., PAS and examined microscopically.

Results:
In this study, 29 patients over a period of 1 year are presented from a tertiary care center out of which 19 are males and 10 females, 82.75% patients with mucormycosis are covid 19 positive. Nasal cavity and maxillary sinus are most common sites involved. Survival rate in these patients is high due to early diagnosis and treatment.

Conclusion:
Hence, the present study emphasizes on the high incidence of mucormycosis in Covid 19 patients with predisposing factors mainly immunocompromised status, hospitalized patients. To prevent the occurrence of mucormycosis, early identification and further investigation of this fungus will significantly reduce the severity of the disease and mortality rate in Covid 19 affected patients.
Decreased Serum B12 Due To Antidiabetic Drugs
Authors: Kanchi Divya , Rajendran Kannan , Vijayan Vinaya , Dutta Malini , Ramreddy B. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The first-line medication, metformin, can decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis and improve insulin sensitivity. Metformin inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain at the molecular level, which leads to an increase in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which enhances insulin sensitivity. With no known renal or hepatic disease, updated recommendations recommend using metformin as a first-line glucose-lowering medication in conjunction with lifestyle changes. Metformin has been demonstrated to lower vitamin B12 levels. Vitamin B12 is a vitamin that is necessary for proper hemopoietic, neurocognitive, and cardiovascular function. Vitamin B12 deficiency has been shown to be quite common in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, both biochemically and clinically. Diabetes is thought to be an oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory disease. Vitamin B-12 is an antioxidant, as per recent research, and a low vitamin B-12 level might be a contributing factor to oxidative stress, particularly in diabetic patients. Vitamin B-12 is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance that may influence oxidative stress responses, including inflammatory reactions. As a result, the goal of this research was to study at possible associations between vitamin B-12 status and inflammation in Type 2 diabetes mellitus who are on metformin and on metformin with other associated anti-diabetic drugs.

Aims and Objectives:
In our study we tried to see the association between serum B12 levels and proinflammatory cytokines which lead to many macrovascular complications like cardiovascular diseases, renal failure etc.

Materials and Methods:
The present study recruited 500 participants between 30 and 65 years of age. patient pool who has been recently diagnosed as type 2 diabetics on metformin usage for more than 12 to 18 months. The study design was divided into 3 groups: A, B, and C. Group A consisted of 200 subjects with type 2 diabetes only on metformin with a daily dosage of 500 mg/day, and Group B consisted of 200 subjects with type 2 diabetes who were on both metformin with a daily dosage of 500 mg/day and other anti-diabetic drugs of around 2 mg/day. Both groups A and B had no other complications from diabetes. Group C included controls, consisting of 100 healthy individuals with no history of diabetes.

Results:
The percentages of Serum B12, in both male and female groups were significantly decreased in cases and consequently, inflammatory markers like leptin, IL-6, hsCRP, TNF-α were significantly increased who were on metformin than who were on metformin and other associated drug group.

Conclusions:
Findings from this study clearly indicates the link between decrease in B12 and progression of inflammation. the role of metformin in vitB12 deficiency levels, uncontrolled glucose levels, and chronic inflammatory responses in T2DM patients, gradually leading to the dire consequences of B12 deficiency.
Association of Anxiety with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Kashmiri Residents
Authors: Bashir Sana , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Sharma Anubhav , Arora Vikram , Rohatgi Lavanya 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Along with other healthcare indicators, psychological well-being of the population worldwide has been greatly affected after outbreak of covid-19. Almost all states in India including Jammu and Kashmir suffered during COVID-19. Thus this study was planned to determine the association of anxiety and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (14-item Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIP-14]) among residents of four districts of Jammu and Kashmir state during COVID-19.

Materials and Methods:
A self-administered questionnaire consisting of OHIP-14 along with a 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7 Scale) was distributed among the residents of Kashmir via e-mails, WhatsApp groups, and Facebook using Google Forms.

Results:
Majority of the participants were males (53%) over 18 years of age. The most frequently experienced problems were discomfort during eating food (75%) and physical pain in the mouth such as aching in the mouth (60%). A highly statistically significant negative correlation was found between OHIP-14 and GAD among painful aching in the mouth (−0.044) (0.154**) **p<0.001. Half (50%) of the participants reported minimal anxiety.

Conclusion:
There is an unmet and immediate need to escalate the mental health services in Jammu and Kashmir state of India, which consisted of community participation, awareness programs, and mental health rehabilitation services.
Determinants of male partner involvement in antenatal care services at Kangundo Sub-County Hospital in Kenya
Authors: K Muia Pauline , W Mbuthia Grace , K Mugambi Rosemary 
Published: November 2022

Background: Male partner involvement in antenatal care services is aimed at improving maternal health outcomes since men are important persons who play great roles at the family level.
Objective: To assess the level and determinants of male partner involvement in antenatal care at Kangundo Sub-County hospital in Kenya.
Methods: The study used analytical cross-sectional study method and was carried out in the maternal and child health clinic of Kangundo Sub-County hospital. Two hundred pregnant women at any gestational age, accompanied or not, seeking antenatal care services during the study period formed the study population. Simple random sampling technique was used to achieve a sample size of 132 participants. The data was then analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.0.
Results: The study revealed a low-level male partner involvement of 34.1%. Business as male partners’ occupation (OR = 2, 95% CI (0.314 – 12.729), and distance from the health facility; living 4km from the facility (OR = 5.225, 95%CI (1.319 – 20.705) and more than 5km from the facility (OR = 3.520, 95% CI (0.941 – 13.174) were significantly associated with male partnerinvolvement.
Conclusion: The factors contributing to low male partner involvement included: men being busy at work and the distance covered to reach the health facility.
Keywords: Antenatal care services; male partner involvement; male partner accompaniment.
Drotaverine to shorten the duration of labour in primigravidas: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Chidiebele Ikeotuonye Arinze , Johannes Umeora Odidika , Ifunanya Nwafor Johnbosco , Omuye Ojumah Bonaventure , Cecilia Ekwunife Ifeoma , Bonaventure Dimejesi Ikechukwu 
Published: November 2022

Background: Drotaverine, a spasmolytic, has been found to have potential to achieve a reduction in the duration of labour and prevent prolonged labour.
Objective: To compare the effects of intravenous drotaverine hydrochloride with placebo for shortening the duration of active phase of labour in primigravidas.
Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of 246 primigravidas in active phase of labour at term was conducted. They were randomly (1:1 ratio) administered intravenous 2 ml (40mg) of drotaverine hydrochloride or 2 ml of Vitamin B complex as placebo. The primary outcome measure was the duration of active phase of labour. The secondary outcome measures were cervical dilatation rate, oxytocin augmentation rate, incidence of prolonged labour, labour pain scores, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Results: The mean duration of active phase of labour (hour) was significantly lower in the drotaverine group compared to the control (drotaverine; 6.22 ± 2.41 vs placebo; 8.33 ± 3.56; p <0.001). Also, the cervical dilatation rate (cm/hr) was significantly faster in the drotaverine arm (drotaverine; 1.68 ± 1.02 versus placebo; 1.06 ± 0.53, p <0.001). There was a significantly higher probability of faster delivery among women who were given drotaverine (log-rank test, p < 0.001). The oxytocin augmentation rate, incidence of prolonged labour, labour pain scores, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal outcomes were not significantly different among the groups.
Conclusions: Drotaverine hydrochloride is effective in shortening the duration of active phase of labour without adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, more evidence is needed to explore its role in active phase of labour among primigravid women. Trial registration number: PACTR201810902005232.
Keywords: Drotaverine; duration of active phase of labour; primigravidas; placebo; shortening.
Association of ATM, CDH1 and TP53 genes polymorphisms with familial breast cancer in patients of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Rahim Abdur , Zakiullah  , Jan Asif , Ali Johar , Khuda Fazli , Muhammad Basir , Khan Hamayun , Shah Hussain , Akbar Rani 
Published: November 2022

Background: Genetic studies play a significant role in understanding the underlying risk factors of breast cancer. Polymorphism in the tumor suppressor gene TP 53, CDH1 and ATM genes are found to increase susceptibility for breast cancer globally.
Objective: This study aimed to identify/analyze the contribution of genetic polymorphisms in the breast cancer candidate genes ATM, TP53 and CDH1 that may be associated with familial breast cancer risk in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population.
Subjects and Methods: In the present case-control study, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of the 100 breast cancer patients and 100 ethnic controls were performed for the selected genes in the target population.
Results: Of the studied variants rs3743674 of the CDH1 gene (crude P=0.014 and adjusted p=0.000) evident significant association with breast cancer in Pakistani Pashtun population. Whereas TP53rs1042522 (crude P=0.251 and adjusted P=0.851) and ATM rs659243 (crude p=0.256 and adjusted p=0.975) showed no or negative association with breast cancer in study population.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that CDH1rs3743674 polymorphism is associated with elevated breast cancer risk in the Pashtun ethic population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Keywords: Breast cancer; TP53; CDH1; ATM; Risk Allele; Genotype.
Berberis lyceum root bark extract attenuates anticancer drugs induced neurotoxicityand cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Qurat-ul-Ain Sidra , Rukhsana Anwar , Isma Tariq Sahar , Kanwal Ashiq 
Published: November 2022

Background: Traditionally, Berberis lyceum was extensively used for the treatment of several human diseases.
Objective: This study was undertaken to determine in vivo effects of Berberis lyceum root bark against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in Sprague Dawley rats.
Methods: A single dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/ kg i. p) and cisplatin (4mg/kg i.p) was used to induce cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity, respectively. Berberis lyceum methanolic extract was given orally (200 and 400 mg/ kg) to toxicity-induced rats. The cardiac biomarkers i.e. serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB were analyzed in blood collected from cardiotoxic rats. The tissue oxidative stress markers included protein, glutathione s-transferase specific activity, catalase activity, total glutathione, and malondialdehyde levels were measured in cardiac and brain homogenate of the respective groups.
Results: Berberis lyceum methanolic extract has the potential to reduce the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity significantly (*p<0.05) by reducing the serum markers and oxidative stress parameters. Histopathological analysis exhibited a marked improvement in the morphology of cardiac and brain tissues.
Conclusion: It is concluded that methanolic extract of Berberis lyceum root bark has the potential to protect and reverse anticancer drugs induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
Keywords: Doxorubicin; Cisplatin; Berberis lyceum; Cardiotoxicity; Neurotoxicity; Antioxidant.
Histopathological pattern of Orbito-Ocular Lesions, a retrospective hospital-based study spanning 15 years
Authors: H Kayoma Dumebi , E Imasogie Dele 
Published: November 2022

Background: Many previous studies on orbito-ocular lesions are skewed in favour of the neoplastic lesions in general and the malignant lesions in particular. This, therefore, creates a vacuum on the spectrum of these lesions, thus may result in problematic diagnostic bias by the ophthalmologist and pathologist.
Objective: To give the spectrum and relative frequencies of orbito-ocular biopsies and by extension orbito-ocular lesions/diseases at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH).
Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of all cases of orbito-ocular biopsies with histopathologic diagnosis.
Results: There were 236 orbito-ocular biopsies. The male to female ratio was slightly in favour of the females. Orbito-ocular biopsies had a wide age range that spanned from the 1st to 10th decade, mean age in the 3rd decade (20-29years) and a peak age in the 1st decade (0-9 years). The neoplastic lesions were the prevalent indication for orbito-ocular biopsies (63.72%) while theconjunctiva (58.10%) was the most common site for orbito-ocular biopsies.
Conclusion: This study noted a wide array of orbito-ocular lesions for which biopsies were done for histopathological diagnosis. This we hope will in no small measure increase the diagnostic precision of the ophthalmologist and the pathologists in our own environment.
Keywords: Ophthalmic biopsies; ophthalmic lesions; malignant orbito-ocular tumours; benign orbito-ocular tumours; degenerative ophthalmic lesion.
Impact of exercise on renal function, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation among patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: H Saiem Aldahr Mohamed , M Abd El-Kader Shehab 
Published: November 2022

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent microvascular diabetic complication all over the world.
Objective: This study was designed to measure oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and kidney function response to exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetic (T2DM) nephropathy.
Material and Methods: Eighty obese T2DM patients ( 50 males and 30 females), their body mass index (BMI) mean was 33.85±3.43 Kg/m2 and the mean of diabetes chronicity was 12.53±2.64 year participated in the present study and enrolled two groups; group I: received aerobic exercise training and group II: received no training intervention.
Results: The mean values of creatinine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased, while the mean values of interleukin-10 (IL-10), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased in group (A) after the aerobic exercise training, however the results of the control group were not significant. In addition, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study (P<0.05).
Conclusion: There is evidence that aerobic exercise training modulated oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines and improved renal function among patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Keywords: Aerobic Exercise; Diabetic Nephropathy; Inflammatory Cytokines; Oxidative Stress.