bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among high school students in, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Nakie Girum , Segon Tesfaye , Melkam Mamaru , Desalegn Getachew Tesfaw , Zeleke Tadele Amare 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background

Many studies have revealed that students’ performance in school, is affected by symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, which may impair their academic achievement, and lead to school dropout. However, to date, no studies have evaluated these three disorders among high school students in Africa. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and their associated factors among high school students in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 849 participants from six high schools in Northwest Ethiopia. A self-administered Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 software to identify factors associated with DAS, and bi-variable and multi-variable analyses were performed.

Results
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 41.4, 66.7, and 52.2% respectively. Being female (AOR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.006–1.849), higher risky khat chewers (AOR = 5.595, 95% CI = 2.357–11.132), having social phobia (AOR = 1.416, 95% CI = 1.045–1.919) were associated with depression. Being higher risky cigarette smokers (AOR = 4.777, 95% CI = 1.407–7304), having a history of chronic medical illness (AOR = 2.099, 95% CI = 1.045–4.218), and having a family history of mental illness (AOR = 1.777, 95% CI = 1.028–3.073) associated with anxiety. Stress was associated with high-risk alcohol drinkers (AOR = 1.828, 95% CI = 1.012–3.303), rural residency (AOR = 1.395, 95%CI = 1.010–1.925), and low social support (AOR 1.7391, 95% CI = 1.203–2.515).

Conclusion
The burden of DAS among high school students was found to be high. Female sex, chewing khat, and having social phobia are associated with depression. Conversely, smoking cigarettes, having a chronic medical illness, and having a family history of mental illness are all linked to anxiety. Being a highly risky alcoholic drinker, having poor social support, and being a rural resident are positively associated with stress. Therefore, extending mental health services to all high schools, and strengthening the existing counseling services, are recommended.
The association between social determinants of health and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a secondary analysis among four racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Luo Yan , Li Qingyi , Jeong Haelim , Cheatham Leah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundRacial disparities in psychological distress associated with COVID-19 remain unclear in the U.S. This study aims to investigate the associations between social determinants of health and COVID-19-related psychological distress across different racial/ethnic groups in the US (i.e., non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Asians, and non-Hispanic African Americans).MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data from the 2020 California Health Interview Survey Adult Data Files (N = 21,280). Adjusting for covariates—including age, gender, COVID-19 pandemic challenges, and risk of severe illness from COVID-19—four sets of weighted binary logistic regressions were conducted.ResultsThe rates of moderate/severe psychological distress significantly varied across four racial/ethnic groups (p < 0.001), with the highest rate found in the Hispanic group. Across the five domains of social determinants of health, we found that unemployment, food insecurity, housing instability, high educational attainment, usual source of health care, delayed medical care, and low neighborhood social cohesion and safety were associated with high levels of psychological distress in at least one racial/ethnic group (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur study suggests that Hispanic adults face more adverse social determinants of health and are disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. Public health practice and policy should highlight social determinants of heath that are associated with different racial/ethnic groups and develop tailored programs to reduce psychological distress.
Predicting moral intelligence in nursing students and its relationships with self-compassion, and cultural competence: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nobahar Monir , Yarahmadi Sajad , Raiesdana Nayyereh , Delshad Elham Shahidi , Hajizadegan Fatemeh , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In the recent era, nursing needs employees with moral intelligence, cultural competence, and self-compassion skills more than ever. This study aimed to determine the predictors of moral intelligence and its relationship with self-compassion and cultural competence in nursing students.

Methods
This cross-sectional and multi-center descriptive study was conducted in 2022. With convenience sampling, 250 nursing students from three Iranian universities participated in this study. Data gathering included the Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale (short form), and Cultural Competency Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the correlation between variables, and hierarchical regression.

Results
The results showed that nursing students had good moral intelligence (72.63 ± 11.38), moderate self-compassion (37.19 ± 5.02), and poor cultural competence (50.06 ± 13.15). No statistically significant relationship was observed between self-compassion and cultural competence (r = 0.11, p = 0.07). Moral intelligence with marital status (r = 0.16, p = 0.01), academic year (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) and self-compassion (r = 0.33, p < 0.001) had a significant relationship in such a way that these variables explained 15% of moral intelligence and self-compassion had the highest impact (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Considering the moderate level of self-compassion and the poor level of cultural competence reported in the undergraduate nursing students, and also that self-compassion was known to be a predictive factor for moral intelligence, planners and educators must pay more attention to promoting self-compassion and cultural competency in the curriculum and conduct studies to find ways to improve them.
Factors associated with health facility delivery among reproductive age women in Nepal: an analysis of Nepal multiple indicator cluster survey 2019
Authors: Thapa Naba Raj , Upreti Shanti Prasad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite existing efforts to improve maternal health in Nepal, delivery in a health facility with skilled providers is still a major health concern in Nepal. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with delivery in a health facility with skilled providers among women aged 15–49 years in Nepal.

Methods
This study used data from Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. This survey was a two-stage, stratified cluster sampling. A total of 1,950 married women aged 15–49 years who had at least one live birth in the last two years preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in this study.

Results
Seventy-five percent of women are delivered in a health facility with skilled providers. Women from urban areas (AOR = 1.74, p < 0.01), women residing in Sudurpaschim province (AOR = 5.64, p < 0.001), women with first parity (AOR = 2.82, p < 0.001), and women from rich household status (AOR = 4.60, p < 0.001) and women who attained at least four ANC visits (AOR = 10.81, p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of delivering in a health facility. Women who were more educated and used the internet were more likely to deliver in a health facility by a skilled provider.

Conclusion
Place of residence, household wealth status, and ANC visits appear to be the strongest predictors of health facility delivery with skilled providers in Nepal. Disparities in delivery in a health facility with skilled providers persist among provinces and caste/ethnicity.
circRNAs and their relationship with breast cancer: a review
Authors: Zhang Fan , Li Liying , Fan Zhimin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Recently, an increasing number of studies have been conducted on circular RNAs (circRNAs) that have demonstrated their different roles in a variety of biological processes. Moreover, a large number of circRNAs have been shown to be involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer (BC).

Main body
Both functional and mechanistic experiments have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can act as competing endogenous RNAs by sponging miRNAs, encoding proteins, and regulating parental genes. In doing so, circRNAs modulate the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and invasion of BC cells in vitro as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, scores of circRNAs have been demonstrated to be related to clinicopathological features, prognosis, and treatment sensitivity in patients with BC; many circRNAs have shown potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, drug sensitivity, and prognosis prediction. Furthermore, researchers have focused on circRNAs as potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusion
In this review, we briefly summarize the functions and categories of circRNAs, their different roles in BC, and recent research and therapeutic progress related to circRNAs.
An inverse boundary value problem for transverse vibrations of a bar
Authors: Mehraliyev Yashar T. , Huntul M. J. , Ramazanova Aysel T. , Tamsir Mohammad , Emadifar Homan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, we study an inverse problem (IP) for a fourth-order hyperbolic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions. This IP is reduced to the not self-adjoint boundary value problem (BVP) with corresponding boundary condition. Then, we use the separation of variables method, to reduce the not self-adjoint BVP to an integral equation. The existence and uniqueness of the integral equation are established by the contraction mappings principle and it is concluded that this solution is unique for a not-adjoint BVP. The existence and uniqueness of a nonlocal BVP with integral condition is proved. In addition, the fourth-order hyperbolic PDE is discretized using a collocation technique based on the quintic B-spline (QnB-spline) functions and reformed by the Tikhonov regularization function. The noise and analytical data are considered. The numerical outcome for a standard numerical example is discussed. Furthermore, the stability of the discretized system is also analyzed. The rate of convergence (ROC) of the method is also obtained.
Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and modified YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0): Rasch analysis and differential item functioning
Authors: Saffari Mohsen , Fan Chia-Wei , Chang Yen-Ling , Huang Po-Ching , Tung Serene En Hui , Poon Wai Chuen , Lin Chien-Ching , Yang Wen-Chi , Lin Chung-Ying , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Food addiction (FA) is a prevalent concern that may manifest as poorly controlled food consumption and promote overweight/obesity. Thus, having a well-established instrument for assessment may facilitate better prevention and treatment. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of two common measures of FA (i.e., the Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS] 2.0 and its modified version, mYFAS 2.0) using a robust statistical analysis (Rasch model).

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, the scales were sent to 974 students studying in higher education (60% females) in Taiwan through online media including email and social networks. Rasch modeling was used to assess dimensionality, difficulty level, and item misfit and hierarchy. Differential item functioning (DIF) was performed to examine consistency of the items across gender and weight status.

Results
Rasch analysis indicated 3 items of the 35 items belonging to the YFAS 2.0 (8.6%) and none belonging to the mYFAS 2.0 were misfit. Unidimensionality and construct validity of both scales were supported by appropriate goodness-of-fit for diagnostic criteria. The person separation was 3.14 (reliability = 0.91) for the YFAS 2.0 and 2.17 (reliability = 0.82) for mYFAS 2.0, indicating the scales could distinguish participants into more than 3 strata. Only one substantial DIF was found for diagnostic criteria of “Failure to fulfill major role obligation” in the YFAS 2.0 across gender.

Conclusion
According to Rasch modeling, both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 have acceptable construct validity in Chinese-speaking youth. Scoring methods using either diagnostic criteria or symptom counts for both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 are supported by the present Rasch findings.
The effect of tacrolimus-induced toxicity on metabolic profiling in target tissues of mice
Authors: Xie Dadi , Guo Jinxiu , Dang Ruili , Li Yanan , Si Qingying , Han Wenxiu , Wang Shan , Wei Ning , Meng Junjun , Wu Linlin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTacrolimus (Tac) is a common immunosuppressant that used in organ transplantation. However, its therapeutic index is narrow, and it is prone to adverse side effects, along with an increased risk of toxicity, namely, cardio-, nephro-, hepato-, and neurotoxicity. Prior metabolomic investigations involving Tac-driven toxicity primarily focused on changes in individual organs. However, extensive research on multiple matrices is uncommon. Hence, in this research, the authors systemically evaluated Tac-mediated toxicity in major organs, namely, serum, brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney, and intestines, using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The authors also employed multivariate analyses, including orthogonal projections to the latent structure (OPLS) and t-test, to screen 8 serum metabolites, namely, D-proline, glycerol, D-fructose, D-glucitol, sulfurous acid, 1-monopalmitin (MG (16:0/0:0/0:0)), glycerol monostearate (MG (0:0/18:0/0:0)), and cholesterol. Metabolic changes within the brain involved alterations in the levels of butanamide, tartronic acid, aminomalonic acid, scyllo-inositol, dihydromorphine, myo-inositol, and 11-octadecenoic acid. Within the heart, the acetone and D-fructose metabolites were altered. In the liver, D-glucitol, L-sorbose, palmitic acid, myo-inositol, and uridine were altered. In the lung, L-lactic acid, L-5-oxoproline, L-threonine, phosphoric acid, phosphorylethanolamine, D-allose, and cholesterol were altered. Lastly, in the kidney, L-valine and D-glucose were altered. Our findings will provide a systematic evaluation of the metabolic alterations in target organs within a Tac-driven toxicity mouse model.
An overview of torrefied bioresource briquettes: quality-influencing parameters, enhancement through torrefaction and applications
Authors: Waheed M. A. , Akogun O. A. , Enweremadu C. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, the need for clean, viable and sustainable source of alternative fuel is on the rampage in the global space due to the challenges posed by human factors including fossil induced emissions, fuel shortage and its ever-rising prices. These challenges are the major reason to utilize alternative source of energy such as lignocellulosic biomass as domestic and industrial feedstock. However, biomass in their raw form is problematic for application, hence, a dire need for torrefaction pre-treatment is required. The torrefaction option could ameliorate biomass limitations such as low heating value, high volatile matter, low bulk density, hygroscopic and combustion behaviour, low energy density and its fibrous nature. The torrefied product in powder form could cause air pollution and make utilization, handling, transportation, and storage challenging, hence, densification into product of higher density briquettes. This paper therefore provides an overview on the performance of torrefied briquettes from agricultural wastes. The review discusses biomass and their constituents, torrefaction pre-treatment, briquetting of torrefied biomass, the parameters influencing the quality, behaviour and applications of torrefied briquettes, and way forward in the briquetting sector in the developing world.
Primary health care situations in remote rural villages of the Savannakhet province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Authors: Nonaka Daisuke , Inthavong Nouhak , Takahashi Kenzo , Chanthakoumane Ketmany , Toyama Yuko , Luangphaxay Chanthaly , Pongvongsa Tiengkham , Kounnavong Sengchanh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
To improve the health of the rural population in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), the government has emphasized a primary health care approach in the Health Sector Reform Strategy by 2025. The objective of the present study was to describe the health-related situations of remote rural villages of the Lao PDR to inform strategies for promoting primary health care in such villages.

Methods
Ten remote rural villages were purposively selected from the catchment areas of two health centers in the Xepon district, Savannakhet province. The surveyors collected data by conducting a questionnaire-based interview with village health volunteers and by observing the village environment in 2018. The survey focused on village situations on the eight elements of primary health care (health education; food supply and nutrition; safe water and basic sanitation; maternal and child health care; immunization; prevention and control of locally endemic diseases; treatment of common diseases and injuries; and provision of essential drug).

Results
The common health problems were diarrhea, followed by malaria, and cough. The identified possible risk factors for the health problems were not washing hands with soap, open defecation, not boiling drinking water, not exclusively breastfeeding, presence of animal feces on the village ground, absence of garbage management system, not using a bed net when sleeping in the forest, and exposure to indoor cooking and tobacco smoke. In many villages, villagers were not able to eat enough food and did not eat protein-rich food and vegetables daily.

Conclusions
Potential risk factors for the reported common health problems were often prevalent in the study villages. Villagers can address most of these risk factors, as interventions to address such risk factors do not require a large financial input. There is a need for intersectoral actions between the health and other sectors to address food shortages and indoor air pollution due to indoor cooking using biomass fuel.
MICEmi: A method to identify cognitive endophenotypes of mental illnesses
Authors: Correa-Ghisays Patricia , Vicent Sánchez-Ortí Joan , Balanzá-Martínez Vicent , Fuentes-Durá Inmaculada , Martinez-Aran Anabel , Ruiz-Bolo Lara , Correa-Estrada Paulina , Ruiz-Ruiz Juan Carlos , Selva-Vera Gabriel , Vila-Francés Joan , Macias Saint-Gerons Diego , San-Martín Constanza , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa , Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Characterizing neurocognitive endophenotypes of mental illnesses (MIs) could be useful for identifying at-risk individuals, increasing early diagnosis, improving disease subtyping, and proposing therapeutic strategies to reduce the negative effects of the symptoms, in addition to serving as a scientific basis to unravel the physiopathology of the disease. However, a standardized algorithm to determine cognitive endophenotypes has not yet been developed. The main objective of this study was to present a method for the identification of endophenotypes in MI research.

Methods
For this purpose, a 14-expert working group used a scoping review methodology and designed a method that includes a scoring template with five criteria and indicators, a strategy for their verification, and a decision tree.

Conclusions
This work is ongoing since it is necessary to obtain external validation of the applicability of the method in future research.
An Afropolitan in South Asia
Authors: Okereke Emeka , Krishnamurthy Mathangi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this photo essay, the authors gather a set of photographs of only partially visible subjects to speak about the tense and unpredictable encounters between different postcolonial histories. Staged as a conversation between an anthropologist and a photographer, the essay touches on the necessary modalities of such encounters, be it surprise, friendship, location and dislocation, or sometimes even invisibility. Central to the essay are conversations about encounters between the authors themselves, mediated by the sights, sounds, and serendipities of the postcolonial city. Using the Invisible Borders Trans-African Project—a decade-long venture bringing together artists, photographers, and writers in road trips across Africa—as a starting point, the essay considers the implications of broadening this imaginary into other borders and postcolonial border beings and whether this might constitute a particular kind of utopian project.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Applications of Functionalized Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Gaikwad Rahul P , Mishra Vivek , Gawande Manoj B 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Environmental degradation and energy shortages are becoming increasingly important as science and technology advance. Here, we review the photocatalytic approach of functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) along with their up-converted photoluminescence behaviour, as well as their photoinduced electron transfer capabilities, opening a new path to effective metal-free photocatalyst. In this article, we are focusing on the recent invention of CQDs and CQD-based photocatalyst for environmental remediation such as dye degradation, CO2 conversion, and water splitting along with the categorization and synthesis of CQDs-derived photocatalysts, and applications for environmental concerns. Although it is essential to incorporate multiple perspectives, since CQDs and CQD-derived photocatalysts have varied perspectives to tackle unique environmental applications, our analysis is expected to offer additional details on CQD synthesis methods, tuning photocatalytic properties of CQDs with surface groups, and the mechanism of degradation of CQDs and CQD-based photocatalysts.