bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonography-Guided Hydrodissection using Platelet-Rich Plasma or Corticosteroid in Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder
Authors: Mehak Iqra , Hussain Aftab , Usmani Hammad , Amir Syed Hussain 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Adhesive capsulitis is a condition that presents with pain and progressive limitation of both active and passive shoulder movements. It can be primary or secondary, the latter includes causes such as rotator cuff tear, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons defines that adhesive capsulitis is a condition of uncertain ethology characterized by a significant restriction of both active and passive shoulder motions that occur in the absence of known intrinsic shoulder disorder. Commonly described as: Stage 1 – Freezing stage, with pain and stiffness lasting around 9 months. Stage 2 – Frozen stage, with persistent stiffness lasting 4–12 months. Stage 3 – Thawing stage, with spontaneous recovery lasting 12–42 months. Ultrasonography (USG)-guided hydrodissection is used for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder due to its cost-effectiveness and acceptance among patients. As adhesive capsulitis is postulated as an i nflammatory and fibrotic disease, easy treatment with intra-articular corticosteroids (CSs) injection may reduce synovitis, limit the development of capsular fibrosis, and alter the natural history of disease. CS injections are effective for shorter duration, but newer agents such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are more effective with no serious side effects.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, 40 patients were taken of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and were divided randomly into two groups. One group received injection PRP and the other group received injection CS. The outcome was recorded.

Results:
There was a statistically significant reduction in numeric rating scale pain scores in both the groups over a time period of 6 weeks, but the PRP injection was observed to be better in reducing the pain scores when compared to the CS injection after the 6th week (P = 0.037). Initially, the CS injection performed better in the 1st week due to anti-inflammatory action. By the 3rd week, both the injections showed a similar effect. However, at the end of the study period (6 weeks), there was a better reduction in the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) pain scores (P = 0.0057) and SPADI disability scores (P = 0.029) of the group PRP.

Conclusion:
We concluded that USG-guided hydrodissection with PRP is more effective therapy than CS in terms of reduction of pain and improvement in shoulder function in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder.
Knowledge, attitude, and experiences of using penicillin G, as a prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseases among nurses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ibrahim Mekuye Aliye , Aklilu Tamirat Moges 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The rate of benzathine penicillin G (BPG) injection to prevent rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is insufficient owing to poor knowledge and the negative attitude of health workers. We aim to investigate the gap of knowledge, attitude, and experience of clinical nurses at the primary health-care level who had not received training on rheumatic fever (RF)/RHD prevention to get information on their training need.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on clinical nurses at randomly selected health centers in Addis Ababa. After interviewing with semi-structured questionnaires, the data were analyzed on SPSS software version 25.

Results:
A total of 278 nurses (92% response) with a mean age of 28 years were analyzed. The knowledge scores on “organisms causing tonsillopharyngitis (TP),” “the route of administration of penicillin,” and “when to give BPG after preparation” were good (≥75%). Participants' score was poor (<50% score) in the knowledge of “duration of treatment of tonsillopharyngitis, frequency of chemoprophylaxis of RF/RHD, and the relationship between throat infection and RF.” Knowledge on “prevention of pain using lidocaine,” “warming the syringe and allowing alcohol to dry from the swab before injecting” were also good. In contrast, knowledge of “delivering injection very slowly,” “using vibration before/during injection, and “distracting patient using conversation” was poor. Attitude was positive to statements such as “single dose BPG injection given every 3–4 weeks,” “BPG injection is effective in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and the prevention of RF/RHD,” “good patient – health provider relationship enables the success of prophylaxis.” and “educating patients, health-care providers and their caregivers help adherence to BPG prophylaxis. Fear of anaphylactic reaction, pain at the injection site, and blockage of the syringe during injection were the negative experiences reported.

Conclusions:
The knowledge of clinical nurses on the prevention of RF/RHD was generally good. However, their knowledge of safe injection techniques was partial. On the other hand, most attitude statements were positive. Fear of anaphylactic shock while injecting BPG, pain, and blockade of the syringe was the common barriers experienced.
Self-esteem and weight status of young adults
Authors: Liu Echu , Chang Su-Hsin 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Researchers have examined the association between self-esteem and obesity in past studies. However, most studies have focused on pediatric or adolescent populations. In this pilot study, we aim to explore the association of self-esteem with weight status in young adults, a group of individuals in a significant and pivotal period of their lives whose needs and challenges have received little attention in previous studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Exactly 127 college juniors and seniors in the Midwest participated in late 2017. For our survey, we collected the following information: body weight, height, self-esteem score from the state self-esteem scale, grade point average, risk of eating disorders, sleep quality, nutritional behavior, lifestyle (smoking, frequency of exercise, alcohol drinking, average daily time watching television, playing video games, and social media use), and demographic and socioeconomic background. We used logistic regression for our analysis.

RESULTS:
The logistic regression indicates that a one-point increase in the self-esteem score was negatively associated with a young adult's odds of having an unhealthy weight (being overweight or obese) by approximately 3%. Furthermore, soda drinking is a statistically significant factor associated with weight status.

CONCLUSIONS:
This finding suggests self-esteem is positively associated with a healthy weight in young adults. A larger-scale study should be conducted in the future to validate this relationship and better understand young adults’ needs.
Improving diagnostic approaches to cerebrovascular disorders in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy
Authors: Svyrydova Natalia 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Modern research today proves an increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke. Risk factors for vascular disease have become more common among young people. Clinical studies have shown that hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are traditional risk factors among the elderly. The aim of the study was to improve diagnostic approaches to cerebrovascular disorders in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy (НE) by clarifying the development of pathogenesis mechanisms, based on a comprehensive clinical study.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This qualitative study was carried by clinical and neurological examination; neuropsychological examination (Mini-Mental State Examination, abbreviated multifactorial personality questionnaire, Beck depression scale, Spielberger scale).

RESULTS:
The study was examined 351 patients (150 men, 201 women) with НE in hypertension of 2 degrees. The clinical examination was performed according to a two-stage method, which involves the establishment or exclusion of symptomatic hypertension. The study did not include patients with secondary hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmias, and conduction disorders, heart failure who suffered from acute cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction.

CONCLUSION:
The necessity of obligatory examination by a neurologist of patients with arterial hypertension for detection of manifestations of НE with the use of modern research methods, which allows to prevent damage to target organs, and first of all – brain damage, has been proved.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria of pregnant women in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Totadhri Meenakshi , Lakshmanan Anandhi , Saraswathy M P , Mane Manisha S. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is commonly seen during pregnancy due to the various morphological, hormonal, and physiological changes the body undergoes. If left undiagnosed, it can lead to conditions such as pyelonephritis and preterm delivery which could culminate in causing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence, risk factors, microbial profile, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns associated with ASB in a tertiary healthcare center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was carried out where 150 urine samples were obtained from pregnant women within the gestational age of 13–36 weeks. Randomized stratified sampling was the method of sampling used. A questionnaire was also administered to them to determine potential risk factors. The samples were cultured and identified using biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. The graphs and tables were generated using Microsoft Excel and Word.

RESULTS:
Out of the 150 samples that were obtained, 8 samples had significant bacteriuria which is a prevalence of 5.33%. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism accounting to 45% of the isolates. The other organisms that were isolated were Enterococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS), Candida albicans, and Group B Streptococcus which measured to 11% of the total distribution each. In the antibiotic sensitivity tests, among the gram-negative isolates, marked resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxycillin along with sensitivity to Cotrimoxazole and Nitrofurantoin. Of the gram-positive isolates, there was sensitivity to Ampicillin and Nitrofurantoin. A positive correlation was seen between the age groups of 23–27 and the prevalence of ASB.

CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of ASB in this study shows that ASB is not uncommon in the population. Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and National Health Mission recommendations to make urine check-ups a routine, it not carried out, possibly due to cost implications. However, it poses a risk for severe maternal and fetal outcomes and hence, should be screened for on a regular basis. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of screening pregnant women for ASB for promoting better maternal and fetal health.
A reproductive health-care program for surrogate mothers
Authors: Goli Marjan , Kohan Shahnaz , Oloonabadi Seiied Mahdi Ahmadi , Farajzadegan Ziba , Heidari Zeinab 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Surrogacy has become an alternative family formation option for women who are unable to carry a pregnancy. There is no comprehensive care program despite the different nature of this pregnancy. The present study aimed to develop a reproductive health-care program for surrogate mothers within the cultural and social context of Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In the present sequential exploratory mixed methods study, first through a qualitative approach surrogate mothers, care providers, and policy makers of reproductive health services were selected purposefully. Data were collected by using the in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed. A care program draft was designed by integrating results of the qualitative study and reviewing the literature and guidelines, then appropriateness of each proposed care was assessed by a two-Rounds Delphi technique (RAM), and the final reproductive health-care program for surrogate mothers was developed.

RESULTS:
The surrogate mothers’ reproductive health needs were summarized in four main categories: surrogate mothers’ extra care, educational training, psychological support, and protecting against surrogacy's social and familial consequences. The reproductive health-care program for surrogate mothers were developed in four sections: prepregnancy health screenings and legal counseling; special care during embryo transfer until pregnancy confirmation; psychological support and prenatal care of surrogacy until delivery and follow-up postpartum care.

CONCLUSION:
Women face many challenges in surrogacy and need special care such as legal counseling, reproductive health care, and psychological support. Implementation of this care program seems to help improve the reproductive health of these mothers.
Cardiovascular System Modeling Using Windkessel Segmentation Model Based on Photoplethysmography Measurements of Fingers and Toes
Authors: Dewi Ervin Masita , Hadiyoso Sugondo , Mengko Tati Latifah Erawati Rajab , Zakaria Hasballah , Astami Kastam 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Photoplethysmography (PPG) contains information about the health condition of the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular system modeling using PPG signal measurements can represent, analyze, and predict the cardiovascular system.

Methods:
This study aims to make a cardiovascular system model using a Windkessel model by dividing the blood vessels into seven segments. This process involves the PPG signal of the fingertips and toes for further analysis to obtain the condition of the elasticity of the blood vessels as the main parameter. The method is to find the Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance (RLC) value of each segment of the body through the equivalent equation between the electronic unit and the cardiovascular unit. The modeling made is focused on PPG parameters in the form of stiffness index, the time delay (△t), and augmentation index.

Results:
The results of the model simulation using PSpice were then compared with the results of measuring the PPG signal to analyze changes in the behavior of the PPG signal taken from ten healthy people with an average age of 46 years, compared to ten cardiac patients with an average age of 48 years. It is found that decreasing 20% of capacitance value and the arterial stiffness parameter will close to cardiac patients' data. Compared with the measurement results, the correlation of the PPG signal in the simulation model is more than 0.9.

Conclusions:
The proposed model is expected to be used in the early detection of arterial stiffness. It can also be used to study the dynamics of the cardiovascular system, including changes in blood flow velocity and blood pressure.
Artificial Intelligence Approaches on X-ray-oriented Images Process for Early Detection of COVID-19
Authors: Rezayi Sorayya , Ghazisaeedi Marjan , Kalhori Sharareh Rostam Niakan , Saeedi Soheila 
Published: August 2022

Background:
COVID-19 is a global public health problem that is crucially important to be diagnosed in the early stages. This study aimed to investigate the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to process X-ray-oriented images to diagnose COVID-19 disease.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library to identify relevant studies published until 21 September 2020.

Results:
We identified 208 papers after duplicate removal and filtered them into 60 citations based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Direct results sufficiently indicated a noticeable increase in the number of published papers in July-2020. The most widely used datasets were, respectively, GitHub repository, hospital-oriented datasets, and Kaggle repository. The Keras library, Tensorflow, and Python had been also widely employed in articles. X-ray images were applied more in the selected articles. The most considerable value of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Area under the ROC Curve was reported for ResNet18 in reviewed techniques; all the mentioned indicators for this mentioned network were equal to one (100%).

Conclusion:
This review revealed that the application of AI can accelerate the process of diagnosing COVID-19, and these methods are effective for the identification of COVID-19 cases exploiting Chest X-ray images.
Pediatric effective dose assessment for routine computed tomography examinations in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Tahmasebzadeh Atefeh , Maziyar Asghar , Reiazi Reza , Kermanshahi Mojtaba Soltani , Anijdan Seyyed Hossein Mousavie , Paydar Reza 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effective dose (ED) for computed tomography (CT) examination in different age groups and medical exposure in pediatric imaging centers in Tehran, Iran.

Methods:
Imaging data were collected from 532 pediatric patients from four age groups subjected to three prevalent procedures. National Cancer Institute CT (NCICT) software was used to calculate the ED value.

Results:
The mean ED values were 1.60, 4.16, and 10.56 mSv for patients' procedures of head, chest, and abdomen–pelvis, respectively. This study showed a significant difference of ED value among five pediatric medical imaging centers (P < 0.05). In head, chest, and abdomen–pelvis exams, a reduction in ED was evident with decreasing patients' age.

Conclusion:
As there were significant differences among ED values in five pediatric medical imaging centers, optimizing this value is necessary to decrease this variation. For head CT in infants and also abdomen–pelvis, further reduction in radiation exposure is required.
Pragmatic Approaches to Reducing Radiation Dose in Brain Computed Tomography Scan using Scan Parameter Modification
Authors: Choopani Mohammad Reza , Abedi Iraj , Dalvand Fatemeh 
Published: August 2022

Background:
High radiation dose of patients has become a concern in the computed tomography (CT) examinations. The aim of this study is to guide the radiology technician in modifying or optimizing the underlying parameters of the CT scan to reduce the patient radiation dose and produce an acceptable image quality for diagnosis.

Methods:
The body mass measurement device phantom was repeatedly scanned by changing the scan parameters. To analyze the image quality, software-based and observer-based evaluations were employed. To study the effect of scan parameters such as slice thickness and reconstruction filter on image quality and radiation dose, the structural equation modeling was used.

Results:
By changing the reconstruction filter from standard to soft and slice thickness from 2.5 mm to 5 mm, low-contrast resolution did not change significantly. In addition, by increasing the slice thickness and changing the reconstruction filter, the spatial resolution at different radiation conditions did not significantly differ from the standard irradiation conditions (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
In this study, it was shown that in the brain CT scan imaging, the radiation dose was reduced by 30%–50% by increasing the slice thickness or changing the reconstruction filter. It is necessary to adjust the CT scan protocols according to clinical requirements or the special conditions of some patients while maintaining acceptable image quality.
Trans-Scleral Cyclophotocoagulation in Refractory Pigment Dispersion-Like Glaucoma Secondary to Ciliary Body Melanoma
Authors: Banifatemi Mohammad , Nilforushan Naveed , Sedaghat Ahad , Miraftabi Arezoo , Abolfathzadeh Navid 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To report a case of ciliary body melanoma with acute high intraocular pressure (IOP) due to pigment dispersion, treated by limited trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) and plaque radiotherapy.

Methods:
A 33-year-old woman was referred to clinic with acute ocular pain and decreased visual acuity from 1 week before presentation. The IOP was 55 mmHg accompanied by red eye, perilimbal injection, mild corneal edema (stromal and epithelial), scattered pigment dust on central corneal endothelium, 4+ anterior chamber pigments, and pigmented cells. Gonioscopy revealed a bulging mass posterior to the iris root, about 2 o'clock width alongside a heavy dark brown pigmentation of all angle structures. Ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed a ciliary body mass of about 4.5 mm × 4 mm × 3.3 mm in the superior ciliary region, in favor of melanoma. Due to no response to maximal antiglaucoma therapy, a limited TSCPC in the inferior hemisclera was done. After control of the IOP, plaque radiotherapy with Ru-106 was done.

Results:
Three days after the cyclophotocoagulation, IOP decreased to 18 mmHg. Visual acuity reached to 20/25 and IOP remained 18 mmHg, with timolol/dorzolamide drop twice a day. Anterior chamber pigments gradually decreased, and antiglaucoma and steroid drops were tapered during 1 month, thereafter. The IOP was 14–16 mmHg with timolol/dorzolamide bid at months 3 and 6 of follow-up and 21–22 mmHg without any drop at months 12 and 18, with no sign of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Conclusion:
Limited cyclophotocoagulation may be a good choice for controlling the high refractory IOP in cases of intraocular neoplasms such as ciliary body melanoma, which are planned for salvage therapy such as plaque radiotherapy.
Applying Resting Global Longitudinal Strain by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Tool in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sankaran Ramesh , Sadhanandham Shanmugasundaram , Senguttuvan Nagendraboopathy , Muralidharan Thoddi Ramamurthy , Balakrishnan Vinod Kumar , Panchanatham Manokar , Boppana Dasarath , Balasubramaniyan Jayanthy Venkata 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE) has been used by many cardiologists globally for assessing the left ventricle (LV) function by having global longitudinal strain (GLS) as an important parameter; however, it is not incorporated into daily practice and some studies have proved to be a better diagnostic value for evaluation of detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD) and also in predicting the culprit coronary artery.

Methods:
We enrolled 100 consecutive symptomatic patients with suspected CAD who have undergone angiogram in our institute. Out of these, 21 patients had poor echo window and were excluded. The patients were divided into two groups those presenting with acute coronary syndrome ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI (NSTEMI), and others with stable angina. All patients underwent a 2D echocardiogram, 2D strain imaging, and coronary angiogram.

Results:
GLS correlated well with ejection fraction in our study. GLS was more impaired in patients with double- and triple-vessel disease than in patients with single-vessel disease. The number of patients presented with STEMI is 26 (anterior wall myocardial infarction – 20 and inferior wall myocardial infarction – 6), 23 had NSTEMI, and 30 had stable angina. The results of regional peak systolic strain had a stronger correlation with coronary angiogram in stable angina (P = 0.03), but in ACS patients, it was not significant (P = 0.136). This correlation was better in patients with adequate LV systolic function (P < 0.05) than patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (P = 1.0).

Conclusion:
2D STE is a simple, noninvasive, and reproducible diagnostic tool in the evaluation of CAD and is immensely helpful in the localization of culprit vessel in chronic coronary syndrome.