bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of intestinal obstruction in a 90-year-old patient at a tertiary hospital in Central Saudi Arabia with a rare cause: obturator hernia!
Authors: Sulaihim Zeinah , Alsaadon Lina , Alsuhaibani Roaa Saleh , Alfaleh Hana , Albabtain Ibrahim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Obturator hernia is a pelvic floor type of hernia in which abdominal or pelvic contents protrude through the obturator foramen. It is considered rare in patients with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction causing a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. This case reports a 91-year-old multiparous female who presented with vague lower abdominal pain associated with obstipation and vomiting. We present a successful laparoscopic repair of obturator hernia in an elderly female.
Opinion diffusion and campaigning on society graphs
Authors: Faliszewski Piotr , Gonen Rica , Koutecký Martin , Talmon Nimrod 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the effects of campaigning, where the society is partitioned into voter clusters and a diffusion process propagates opinions in a network connecting the clusters. Our model can incorporate different campaigning actions, various partitions of the society into clusters and very general diffusion processes. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that computing the cheapest campaign for rigging a given election can usually be done efficiently, even with arbitrarily-many voters. Moreover, we report on computational simulations we have performed to evaluate the quality and efficiency of finding such solutions.
Chemistry and physical properties of the born-again planetary nebula HuBi 1
Authors: Montoro-Molina B , Guerrero M A , Pérez-Díaz B , Toalá J A , Cazzoli S , Miller Bertolami M M , Morisset C 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The central star of the planetary nebula (PN) HuBi 1 has been recently proposed to have experienced a very late thermal pulse (VLTP), but the dilution of the emission of the recent ejecta by that of the surrounding H-rich old outer shell has so far hindered confirming its suspected H-poor nature. We present here an analysis of the optical properties of the ejecta in the innermost regions of HuBi 1 using MEGARA high-dispersion integral field and OSIRIS intermediate-dispersion long-slit spectroscopic observations obtained with the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio de Canarias. The unprecedented tomographic capability of MEGARA to resolve structures in velocity space allowed us to disentangle for the first time the Hα and Hβ emission of the recent ejecta from that of the outer shell. The recent ejecta is found to have much higher extinction than the outer shell, implying the presence of large amounts of dust. The spatial distribution of the emission from the ejecta and the locus of key line ratios in diagnostic diagrams probe the shock excitation of the inner ejecta in HuBi 1, in stark contrast with the photoionization nature of the H-rich outer shell. The abundances of the recent ejecta have been computed using the mappings v code under a shock scenario. They are found to be consistent with a born-again ejection scenario experienced by the progenitor star, which is thus firmly confirmed as a new ‘born-again’ star.
Jet streams and tracer mixing in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and isolated young giant planets
Authors: Tan Xianyu 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Observations of brown dwarfs and relatively isolated young extrasolar giant planets have provided unprecedented details to probe atmospheric dynamics in a new regime. Questions about mechanisms governing the global circulation and its fundamental nature remain to be completely addressed. Previous studies have shown that small-scale randomly varying thermal perturbations resulting from interactions between convection and the overlying stratified layers can drive zonal jet streams, waves, and turbulence. In this work, we improve upon our previous work by using a general circulation model coupled with a two-stream grey radiative transfer scheme to represent more realistic heating and cooling rates. We examine the formation of zonal jets and their time evolution, and vertical mixing of passive tracers including clouds and chemical species. Under relatively weak radiative and frictional dissipation, robust zonal jets with speeds up to a few hundred m s−1 are typical outcomes. The off-equatorial jets tend to be pressure independent, while the equatorial jets exhibit significant vertical wind shear. On the other hand, models with strong dissipation inhibit the jet formation and leave isotropic turbulence in off-equatorial regions. Quasi-periodic oscillations of the equatorial flow with periods ranging from tens of days to months are prevalent at relatively low atmospheric temperatures. Submicron cloud particles can be easily transported to several scale heights above the condensation level, while larger particles form thinner layers. Cloud decks are significantly inhomogeneous near their cloud tops. Chemical tracers with chemical time-scales &gt;105 s can be driven out of equilibrium. The equivalent vertical diffusion coefficients, Kzz, for the global-mean tracer transport are diagnosed from our models and are typically on the order of 1–102 m2 s−1. Finally, we derive an analytic estimation of Kzz for different types of tracers under relevant conditions.
The evolution of ultra-massive carbon–oxygen white dwarfs
Authors: Camisassa María E , Althaus Leandro G , Koester Detlev , Torres Santiago , Pons Pilar Gil , Córsico Alejandro H 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Ultra-massive white dwarfs ($\rm \mathit{M}_{WD} \gtrsim 1.05\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) are considered powerful tools to study Type Ia supernovae explosions, merger events, the occurrence of physical processes in the superasymptotic giant branch phase, and the existence of high magnetic fields. Traditionally, ultra-massive white dwarfs are expected to harbour oxygen–neon (ONe) cores. However, new observations and recent theoretical studies suggest that the progenitors of some ultra-massive white dwarfs can avoid carbon burning, leading to the formation of ultra-massive white dwarfs harbouring carbon–oxygen (CO) cores. Here, we present a set of ultra-massive white dwarf evolutionary sequences with CO cores for a wide range of metallicity and masses. We take into account the energy released by latent heat and phase separation during the crystallization process and by 22Ne sedimentation. Realistic chemical profiles resulting from the full computation of progenitor evolution are considered. We compare our CO ultra-massive white dwarf models with ONe models. We conclude that CO ultra-massive white dwarfs evolve significantly slower than their ONe counterparts mainly for three reasons: their larger thermal content, the effect of crystallization, and the effect of 22Ne sedimentation. We also provide colours in several photometric bands on the basis of new model atmospheres. These CO ultra-massive white dwarf models, together with the ONe ultra-massive white dwarf models, provide an appropriate theoretical framework to study the ultra-massive white dwarf population in our Galaxy.
Host Adaptation inLegionellalesIs 1.9 Ga, Coincident with Eukaryogenesis
Authors: Hugoson Eric , Guliaev Andrei , Ammunét Tea , Guy Lionel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBacteria adapting to living in a host cell caused the most salient events in the evolution of eukaryotes, namely the seminal fusion with an archaeon, and the emergence of both mitochondrion and chloroplast. A bacterial clade that may hold the key to understanding these events is the deep-branching gammaproteobacterial order Legionellales—containing among others Coxiella and Legionella—of which all known members grow inside eukaryotic cells. Here, by analyzing 35 novel Legionellales genomes mainly acquired through metagenomics, we show that this group is much more diverse than previously thought, and that key host-adaptation events took place very early in its evolution. Crucial virulence factors like the Type IVB secretion (Dot/Icm) system and two shared effector proteins were gained in the last Legionellales common ancestor (LLCA). Many metabolic gene families were lost in LLCA and its immediate descendants, including functions directly and indirectly related to molybdenum metabolism. On the other hand, genome sizes increased in the ancestors of the Legionella genus. We estimate that LLCA lived approximately 1.89 Ga, probably predating the last eukaryotic common ancestor by approximately 0.4–1.0 Gy. These elements strongly indicate that host adaptation arose only once in Legionellales, and that these bacteria were using advanced molecular machinery to exploit and manipulate host cells early in eukaryogenesis.
CFIm-mediated alternative polyadenylation remodels cellular signaling and miRNA biogenesis
Authors: Ghosh Souvik , Ataman Meric , Bak Maciej , Börsch Anastasiya , Schmidt Alexander , Buczak Katarzyna , Martin Georges , Dimitriades Beatrice , Herrmann Christina J , Kanitz Alexander , Zavolan Mihaela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mammalian cleavage factor I (CFIm) has been implicated in alternative polyadenylation (APA) in a broad range of contexts, from cancers to learning deficits and parasite infections. To determine how the CFIm expression levels are translated into these diverse phenotypes, we carried out a multi-omics analysis of cell lines in which the CFIm25 (NUDT21) or CFIm68 (CPSF6) subunits were either repressed by siRNA-mediated knockdown or over-expressed from stably integrated constructs. We established that &gt;800 genes undergo coherent APA in response to changes in CFIm levels, and they cluster in distinct functional classes related to protein metabolism. The activity of the ERK pathway traces the CFIm concentration, and explains some of the fluctuations in cell growth and metabolism that are observed upon CFIm perturbations. Furthermore, multiple transcripts encoding proteins from the miRNA pathway are targets of CFIm-dependent APA. This leads to an increased biogenesis and repressive activity of miRNAs at the same time as some 3′ UTRs become shorter and presumably less sensitive to miRNA-mediated repression. Our study provides a first systematic assessment of a core set of APA targets that respond coherently to changes in CFIm protein subunit levels (CFIm25/CFIm68). We describe the elicited signaling pathways downstream of CFIm, which improve our understanding of the key role of CFIm in integrating RNA processing with other cellular activities.
Surgical versus endovascular intervention for vascular access thrombosis: a nationwide observational cohort study
Authors: Lundström Ulrika Hahn , Welander Gunilla , Carrero Juan Jesus , Hedin Ulf , Evans Marie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
There is no consensus whether an arteriovenous (AV) access thrombosis is best treated by surgical or endovascular intervention. We compared the influence of surgical versus endovascular intervention for AV access thrombosis on access survival using real-life data from a national access registry.

Methods
We included patients from the Swedish Renal Access Registry (SRR-Access) with a working AV access undergoing surgical or endovascular intervention for their first thrombosis between 2008 and 2020. The primary outcome was the risk of access abandonment (secondary patency at 30, 60, 90 and 365 days). Secondary outcomes were time to next intervention and 30-day mortality. Access characteristics were obtained from the SRR-Access and patient characteristics were collected from the Swedish Renal Registry. Outcomes were assessed with multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographics, clinical and access-related variables.

Results
A total of 904 patients with AV access thrombosis (54% arteriovenous fistula, 35% upper arm access) were included, with a mean age of 62 years, 60% were women, 75% had hypertension and 33% had diabetes. Secondary patency was superior after endovascular intervention versus surgical (85% versus 77% at 30 days and 76% versus 69% at 90 days). The adjusted odds of access abandonment within 90 days and 1 year were higher in the surgical thrombectomy group {odds ratio (OR) 1.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.97] and OR 1.25 (0.94–1.66), respectively}. Results were consistent in the long-term analysis. There was no significant difference in time to next intervention or mortality, and results were consistent within subgroups.

Conclusions
Endovascular intervention was associated with a small short- and long-term benefit as compared with open surgery in haemodialysis patients with AV access thrombosis.
Factors associated with sex differences in the risk of kidney stones
Authors: Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Taylor Eric N , Curhan Gary C 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundMen are at higher risk of developing stones compared with women; however, recent data suggest a changing epidemiology, with women being relatively more affected than before.MethodsTo estimate the proportion of excess risk among men, we analysed data from large cohorts (Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Nurses’ Health Study I and II). Kidney stone incidence rates were computed and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) generated with age-adjusted Cox proportional regression models. Mediation analysis estimated the excess risk for men explained by risk factors, including waist circumference, high blood pressure, diabetes, use of thiazides and dietary intake. The 24-h urine composition was also examined.ResultsThe analysis included 268 553 participants, contributing 5 872 249 person-years of follow-up. A total of 10 302 incident stones were confirmed and the overall incidence rate was 271 and 159 per 100 000 person-years for men and women, respectively. The age-adjusted HR was 2.32 (95% CI 2.20, 2.45) and the risk of stones was consistently higher across categories of age (HRs ranging from 2.02 to 2.76) for men compared with women. The risk remained higher among men, but tended to decrease over time (48.1%), while it increased among women. Urine supersaturations for calcium oxalate and uric acid were higher among men, primarily because of higher oxalate (26.3%), uric acid (16.3%), phosphate (23.5%) and lower pH.ConclusionsThe risk of kidney stones is higher among men and this difference is only partly explained by lifestyle risk factors; differences in urine chemistries explain a substantial fraction of the excess risk.
Nitrate transport via NRT2.1 mediates NIN-LIKE PROTEIN-dependent suppression of root nodulation in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Misawa Fumika , Ito Momoyo , Nosaki Shohei , Nishida Hanna , Watanabe Masahiro , Suzuki Takamasa , Miura Kenji , Kawaguchi Masayoshi , Suzaki Takuya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Legumes have adaptive mechanisms that regulate nodulation in response to the amount of nitrogen in the soil. In Lotus japonicus, two NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) transcription factors, LjNLP4 and LjNLP1, play pivotal roles in the negative regulation of nodulation by controlling the expression of symbiotic genes in high nitrate conditions. Despite an improved understanding of the molecular basis for regulating nodulation, how nitrate plays a role in the signaling pathway to negatively regulate this process is largely unknown. Here, we show that nitrate transport via NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2.1 (LjNRT2.1) is a key step in the NLP signaling pathway to control nodulation. A mutation in the LjNRT2.1 gene attenuates the nitrate-induced control of nodulation. LjNLP1 is necessary and sufficient to induce LjNRT2.1 expression, thereby regulating nitrate uptake/transport. Our data suggest that LjNRT2.1-mediated nitrate uptake/transport is required for LjNLP4 nuclear localization and induction/repression of symbiotic genes. We further show that LjNIN, a positive regulator of nodulation, counteracts the LjNLP1-dependent induction of LjNRT2.1 expression, which is linked to a reduction in nitrate uptake. These findings suggest a plant strategy in which nitrogen acquisition switches from obtaining nitrogen from the soil to symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
The nitrate transporter OsNPF7.9 mediates nitrate allocation and the divergent nitrate use efficiency between indica and japonica rice
Authors: Guan Yuan , Liu De-Fen , Qiu Jie , Liu Zhi-Jun , He Ya-Ni , Fang Zi-Jun , Huang Xue-Hui , Gong Ji-Ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nitrate allocation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) represents an important mechanism for mediating plant environmental adaptation. However, whether this mechanism occurs or has any physiological/agronomic importance in the ammoniphilic plant rice (Oriza sativa L.) remains unknown. Here, we address this question through functional characterization of the Nitrate transporter 1/Peptide transporter Family (NPF) transporter gene OsNPF7.9. Ectopic expression of OsNPF7.9 in Xenopus oocytes revealed that the gene encodes a low-affinity nitrate transporter. Histochemical and in-situ hybridization assays showed that OsNPF7.9 expresses preferentially in xylem parenchyma cells of vasculature tissues. Transient expression assays indicated that OsNPF7.9 localizes to the plasma membrane. Nitrate allocation from roots to shoots was essentially decreased in osnpf7.9 mutants. Biomass, grain yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) decreased in the mutant dependent on nitrate availability. Further analysis demonstrated that nitrate allocation mediated by OsNPF7.9 is essential for balancing rice growth and stress tolerance. Moreover, our research identified an indica–japonica divergent single-nucleotide polymorphism occurring in the coding region of OsNPF7.9, which correlates with enhanced nitrate allocation to shoots of indica rice, revealing that divergent nitrate allocation might represent an important component contributing to the divergent NUE between indica and japonica subspecies and was likely selected as a favorable trait during rice breeding.
Child-centred Matriarch or Mother Among Other Things? Race and the Construction of Working-class Motherhood in Late Twentieth-century Britain
Authors: White Jessica 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article examines and centres the activism and experiences of Black mothers to demonstrate the primacy of race in the construction working-class motherhood in late twentieth-century Britain. While recent scholarship has demonstrated the way in which working-class mothers could be vectors of social change in post-war Britain, it has obscured the experience of Black mothers. This study addresses the ethnic bias in the historiography of motherhood by drawing on the personal testimony of Black mothers, as well as the campaign literature generated by grassroots organizations in Britain’s inner cities. It corroborates recent scholarship by demonstrating that by participating in tenant’s’ associations, playgroups, and mothers’ groups, working-class mothers developed a mode of motherhood that worked around their own practical needs and demands. However, it argues that these opportunities for assertiveness were refracted through the lived experience of both systemic and interpersonal racism that Black women faced in post-imperial and post-industrial Britain. Moreover, by examining the community efforts taken by Black women in inner-city areas, the study also contributes to recent studies on race, class, and community activism in urban Britain. It demonstrates that the intersecting experiences of race and class could combine to produce forms of community activism among mothers, particularly in the form of tenants’ associations. However, racism continued to persist in inner city neighbourhoods, which isolated Black mothers from mother-centred community groups. Examining motherhood at the granular level, this article demonstrates the importance of viewing the British working-class from the perspective of not only gender, but also race.
Identification of Bacterial Populations and Functional Mechanisms Potentially Involved in Biochar-Facilitated Antagonism of the Soilborne PathogenFusarium oxysporum
Authors: Dror Barak , Amutuhaire Hildah , Frenkel Omer , Jurkevitch Edouard , Cytryn Eddie 
Published: February 2022

Biochar soil amendment alleviates plant disease through microbial-mediated processes but drivers facilitating this “biochar effect” are not fully understood. In this study, cucumber plants were inoculated with and without the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum in either biochar-amended or nonamended soils, and disease severity was assessed. Amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics were then applied to identify bacteria and associated mechanisms potentially involved in pathogen inhibition, and candidate bacteria were tested for in vitro F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum-antagonizing capacity. Biochar-amended plants showed lower F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum-associated growth stagnation compared with nonamended plants, supporting the biochar effect. Their rhizosphere had a more diverse microbiome with higher levels of secondary metabolite-encoding biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Families Pseudonocardiaceae (Lentzea spp.) and Myxococcaceae were significantly more abundant in biochar-amended rhizospheres of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum-inoculated plants, and metagenomically assembled genomes (MAGs) from these taxa contained genes encoding enzymes involved in binding and degradation of chitin, and novel BGCs encoding secondary metabolites. Lentzea spp. isolates related to the above MAGs showed in vitro antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. Collectively, we postulate that biochar amendment generates a “buffering effect” that reduces F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum-facilitated destabilization of the root-associated microbiome, maintaining beneficial taxa that produce antagonizing enzymes and secondary metabolites that sustain plant health.
The Efficacy of CT-Based Conformal Electron Beam Radiation Therapy After Keloid Excision
Authors: Hwang Na-Hyun , Lee Nam Kwon , Chae Jung Hyun , Park Seung-Ha , Yoon Eul-Sik 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND
Adjuvant computed tomography–based conformal electron beam radiation therapy (RT) for patients with keloids enables radiation oncologists to customize the target volume with precision and deliver the maximal prescription dose while sparing normal surrounding tissues.

OBJECTIVE
To report treatment and cosmetic outcomes by the patient's self-assessment survey.

METHODS
Medical records of patients with keloids, who were treated with postoperative electron beam RT between January 2015 and December 2020, were reviewed. A total of 85 consecutive patients with 136 keloids were included in this study. Subjective cosmetic outcomes were scored by each patient using a 5-point Likert scale survey.

RESULTS
The median follow-up time was 29.0 months (range, 12.1–77.9 months), and local recurrence was observed in 10 lesions (7.4%). The recurrence rate of keloids occurring in the ear was 5.4%, whereas the recurrence rate of keloids occurring at other body sites was 11.4%. Among the patients who responded to the questionnaire about the cosmetic outcome, 70.2% of patients declared being either very satisfied (44.7%) or satisfied (25.5%).

CONCLUSION
Surgical excision, followed by CT-based conformal electron beam RT, for patients with keloids ensures a high degree of local control resulting in good cosmetic outcomes.