bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive changes among women in their 40s: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lindh Ingela , Skjeldestad Finn Egil , Heikinheimo Oskari , Hognert Helena , Lidegaard Øjvind , Bergh Christina , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim was to describe and compare changes in the reproductive pattern of women in their 40s observed over a decade in Scandinavia.Material and MethodsCross‐sectional study using the total population of women aged 40–49 years between 2008–2018 in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (on average n = 1.5 million). Aggregated data concerning birth and induced abortion rate were collected and analyzed from national health registers. National data on redeemed prescriptions of hormonal contraceptives in the three countries were collected from prescription registers. Births after spontaneous and assisted conceptions were identified by using cross‐linked data on deliveries from the Medical Birth Registers and National Registers of Assisted Reproduction in the three countries.ResultsUse of hormonal contraception increased among women aged 40–44 years in Denmark from 24% to 31%, in Sweden from 27% to 30%, and in Norway from 22% to 24%. The levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device was the most frequently used method in all countries. Birth rates among women 40–44 years increased continuously from 9.5 to 12/1000 women in Denmark and from 11.7 to 14.3/1000 in Sweden, but remained stable in Norway at ~11/1000 women. There was a doubling of assisted conceptions in Denmark from 0.71 to 1.71/1000 women, Sweden from 0.43 to 0.81/1000 and Norway from 0.25 to 0.53/1000 women 40–49 years of age. Sweden had the highest induced abortion rate (7.7 to 8.1/1000 women) in women aged 40–49 years during the study period.ConclusionsFrom 2008 to 2018, birth rates continuously increased among women aged 40–49 years in Denmark and Sweden and births resulting from assisted reproductive technology doubled in all three countries.
Psychiatric comorbidity in childhood onset immune‐mediated diseases—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jansson Sabine , Malham Mikkel , Wewer Vibeke , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo estimate psychiatric comorbidity in childhood onset immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID).MethodsThe PRISMA guidelines were followed, and the protocol was registered at Prospero (ID: CRD42021233890). Literature was searched in PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase. Original papers on prevalence rates of diagnosed psychiatric disorders and/or suicide in paediatric onset inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD), rheumatic diseases (RD) and autoimmune liver diseases were selected. Pooled prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders (grouped according to ICD‐10 criteria) within the various IMID were calculated using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Risk of bias was evaluated by the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included; 13 describing psychiatric disorders in pIBD and 10 in RD. Anxiety and mood disorders were mostly investigated with pooled prevalence rates in pIBD of 6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4%–9%) and 4% (95%CI: 2%–8%), respectively, in register‐based studies, and 33% (95%CI: 25%–41%) and 18% (95%CI: 12%–26%), respectively, in studies using psychiatric assessment. In RD, rates were 13% (95%CI: 12%–15%) for anxiety disorders and 20% (95%CI: 15%–26%) for mood disorders based on psychiatric assessment.ConclusionAnxiety and depression are commonly reported in childhood onset IMID. Physicians should be attentive to mental health problems in these patients as they seem overlooked.
Functional MRI research involving healthy children: Ethics, safety and recommended procedures
Authors: Kraus Dror , Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThis specific review aims to expose clinicians, researchers and administrators in hospitals to the importance, procedures and safety of fMRI studies to promote the increased utilisation of such studies in different geographical places worldwide. The child's brain is developing rapidly, both structurally and functionally. These functional changes can only be detected using functional scans generated from an MRI machine and referred to as a functional MRI (fMRI). This method may be used clinically in complex medical and surgical conditions (e.g., epilepsy surgery), but these days are often used for research purposes. However, due to ethical and logistical considerations, fMRI in the paediatric population is not widely and equally used in different geographical places.ConclusionsThe benefits of using this method to define the functional changes occurring in the developing brain are discussed in this review, along with desensitisation methods recommended when working with this vulnerable population in research and even in a clinical setting.
Acute normobaric hypoxia blunts contraction‐mediated mTORC1‐ and JNK‐signaling in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Moberg Marcus , Apró William , Horwath Oscar , van Hall Gerrit , Blackwood Sarah Joan , Katz Abram 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimHypoxia has been shown to reduce resistance exercise‐induced stimulation of protein synthesis and long‐term gains in muscle mass. However, the mechanism whereby hypoxia exerts its effect is not clear. Here, we examine the effect of acute hypoxia on the activity of several signalling pathways involved in the regulation of muscle growth following a bout of resistance exercise.MethodsEight men performed two sessions of leg resistance exercise in normoxia or hypoxia (12% O2) in a randomized crossover fashion. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 0, 90,180 minutes after exercise. Muscle analyses included levels of signalling proteins and metabolites associated with energy turnover.ResultsExercise during normoxia induced a 5‐10‐fold increase of S6K1Thr389 phosphorylation throughout the recovery period, but hypoxia blunted the increases by ~50%. Phosphorylation of JNKThr183/Tyr185 and the JNK target SMAD2Ser245/250/255 was increased by 30‐ to 40‐fold immediately after the exercise in normoxia, but hypoxia blocked almost 70% of the activation. Throughout recovery, phosphorylation of JNK and SMAD2 remained elevated following the exercise in normoxia, but the effect of hypoxia was lost at 90‐180 minutes post‐exercise. Hypoxia had no effect on exercise‐induced Hippo or autophagy signalling and ubiquitin‐proteasome related protein levels. Nor did hypoxia alter the changes induced by exercise in high‐energy phosphates, glucose 6‐P, lactate or phosphorylation of AMPK or ACC.ConclusionWe conclude that acute severe hypoxia inhibits resistance exercise‐induced mTORC1‐ and JNK signalling in human skeletal muscle, effects that do not appear to be mediated by changes in the degree of metabolic stress in the muscle.
Costly immunometabolic remodelling in disused muscle buildup through physical exercise
Authors: Padilha Camila S. , Figueiredo Caique , Deminice Rafael , Krüger Karsten , Seelaender Marília , Rosa‐Neto José Cesar , Lira Fabio S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the immunometabolic disturbances during skeletal muscle atrophy caused by a plethora of circumstances ranging from hospitalization to spaceflight missions remain unknown. Here, we outline the possible pathways that might be dysregulated in such conditions and assess the potential of physical exercise to mitigate and promote the recovery of muscle morphology, metabolism and function after intervals of disuse. Studies applying exercise to attenuate disuse‐induced muscle atrophy have shown a pivotal role of circulating myokines in the activation of anabolic signalling pathways. These muscle‐derived factors induce accretion of contractile proteins in the myofibers, and at the same time decrease protein breakdown and loss. Regular exercise plays a crucial role in re‐establishing adequate immunometabolism and increasing the migration and presence in the muscle of macrophages with an anti‐inflammatory phenotype (M2) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) after disease‐induced muscle loss. Additionally, the switch in metabolic pathways (glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS]) is important for achieving rapid metabolic homeostasis during muscle regeneration. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects of the immunometabolic response elicited by exercise during skeletal muscle regeneration. There is not, nevertheless, consensus on a single optimal intensity of exercise required to improve muscle strength, mass and functional capacity owing to the wide range of exercise protocols studied so far. Despite the absence of agreement on the specific strategy, physical exercise appears as a powerful complementary strategy to attenuate the harmful effects of muscle disuse in different scenarios.
Loss of plant cover mediates the negative effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the multifunctionality of a dryland
Authors: Manhães Adriana Pellegrini , Mazzochini Guilherme Gerhardt , Marinho Felipe , Ganade Gislene , Carvalho Adriana Rosa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsAnthropogenic disturbances due to human economic activities may affect ecosystem services, which are the benefits provided by the ecosystem properties, such as soil water content and soil fertility. Also, these disturbances affect plant community biodiversity and cover, which are also known to affect multiple ecosystem properties. However, the strength of the relative effects of the disturbance itself and of the effect that is mediated by changes in the plant community is still unclear.QuestionsWe evaluated the relative direct and indirect effects (mediated by changes in the plant community) of the anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystem multifunctionality.LocationDry forests within the Sustainable Development Reserve Ponta do Tubarão, northeastern Brazil.MethodsWe measured standing biomass, litter mass, soil fertility and soil water content in 52 vegetation plots along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance. Also, we measured woody plant cover and species’ functional traits to characterize the plant community functional structure. We measured livestock grazing, selective logging and past clear‐cuts as proxies of anthropogenic disturbance to create an index that characterizes the additive effect of these human activities. By building a theoretical model using the structural equation modelling approach, we investigated how the plant community changes in cover and biodiversity due to anthropogenic disturbances mediate changes in ecosystem properties.ResultsOur results show that anthropogenic disturbances had negative effects on ecosystem properties. Plant cover loss caused by anthropogenic disturbances was the major determinant of the negative effect of disturbances. The functional structure of the plant community had a weak effect on these properties.ConclusionsBy assessing the effect of human activities on multifunctionality, we found a stronger negative effect of anthropogenic disturbances when compared to its effect on single ecosystem properties. The recovery of plant cover should be a major focus of projects aiming to restore and maintain the multifunctionality of this dryland.
CXCR4 promotes the growth and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as a critical downstream mediator of HIF‐1α
Authors: Wu Xianxian , Zhang Hongdian , Sui Zhilin , Gao Yongyin , Gong Lei , Chen Chuangui , Ma Zhao , Tang Peng , Yu Zhentao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractC–X–C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family, which mediates the metastasis of tumor cells and promotes the malignant development of cancers. However, its biological role and regulatory mechanism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. Here, we found that CXCR4 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and a poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that CXCR4 overexpression promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival, whereas silencing CXCR4 induced the opposite effects. Mechanically, HIF‐1α transcriptionally regulates CXCR4 expression by binding to a hypoxia response element in its promoter. HIF‐1α‐induced ESCC cell migration and invasion were reversed by CXCR4 knockdown or treatment with MSX‐122, a CXCR4 antagonist. Collectively, these data revealed that the HIF‐1α/CXCR4 axis plays key roles in ESCC growth and metastasis and indicated CXCR4 as a potential target for ESCC treatment.
Reduced speed limit is ineffective for mitigating the effects of roads on ungulates
Authors: Riginos Corinna , Fairbank Elizabeth , Hansen Erica , Kolek Jaron , Huijser Marcel P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRoads obstruct wildlife movements, and wildlife‐vehicle collisions are a hazard to both animals and humans. Wildlife and transportation managers often consider reducing the speed limit to reduce wildlife‐vehicle collisions, but there is little empirical data to support or refute this measure. We experimentally reduced the nighttime speed limit from 70 to 55 mph on six stretches of highway that cross mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) winter range or migration paths. Drivers consistently reduced their speeds, but only by 3–5 mi/h. Reduced speed limit did not make it any easier for deer to cross the road, indicating no benefit for habitat connectivity. At winter sites, the number of deer‐vehicle collisions was not affected by the reduced speed limit whereas at migration sites, collisions were modestly lower under the reduced speed limit. Given the small reduction in vehicle speeds, it is not surprising that there was little benefit of reduced speed limit for deer or people. We conclude that reduced nighttime speed limit is not an effective way to reduce wildlife‐vehicle collisions or make roads more permeable to wildlife due to poor compliance from motorists.
Individual differences in threat and reward neural circuitry activation: Testing dimensional models of early adversity, anxiety and depression
Authors: Young Katherine S. , Ward Camilla , Vinograd Meghan , Chen Kelly , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Nusslock Robin , Zinbarg Richard E. , Craske Michelle G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAltered functioning of the brain's threat and reward circuitry has been linked to early life adversity and to symptoms of anxiety and depression. To date, however, these relationships have been studied largely in isolation and in categorical‐based approaches. It is unclear to what extent early life adversity and psychopathology have unique effects on brain functioning during threat and reward processing. We examined functional brain activity during a face processing task in threat (amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) and reward (ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex) regions of interest among a sample (N = 103) of young adults (aged 18–19 years) in relation to dimensional measures of early life adversity and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results demonstrated a significant association between higher scores on the deprivation adversity dimension and greater activation of reward neural circuitry during viewing of happy faces, with the largest effect sizes observed in the orbitofrontal cortex. We found no significant associations between the threat adversity dimension, or symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression, and neural activation in threat or reward circuitries. These results lend partial support to theories of adversity‐related alterations in neural activation and highlight the importance of testing dimensional models of adversity and psychopathology in large sample sizes to further our understanding of the biological processes implicated.
Aggression‐based social learning in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
Authors: Easter Carrie , Rowlands Andrew , Hassall Christopher , Hoppitt William 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelectively learning from specific types of individuals may be adaptive if demonstrator characteristics can be used to identify more beneficial sources of social information. Such “social learning biases” have been experimentally demonstrated in a number of species, but these experiments generally involve restricted laboratory conditions using a limited number of potential demonstrators and tend to consider only the characteristics of demonstrators rather than the importance of pairwise relationships on information transfer between individuals. In this study, we presented a novel foraging task to a large population of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) housed in a free‐flying aviary and used multinetwork Network‐Based Diffusion Analysis (NBDA) to establish whether birds learned from individuals they shared particular relationships with. Specifically, we investigated whether task solves followed social learning pathways representing the following relationships between individuals: feeding associations, aggressive interactions, positive associations (e.g. grooming) and mating pairs. We found strong evidence that zebra finches learn from their aggressors, irrespective of the outcome of that aggressive encounter. This has been previously suggested in laboratory‐based studies on zebra finches, but never conclusively documented in a freely interacting population. We also found some weaker evidence to suggest that zebra finches learn from their mates—a social learning bias that has previously received little to no attention. However, we found that mates‐based learning occurred infrequently and was secondary to aggression‐based social learning biases. Our results therefore additionally highlight the importance of including combinations of multiple potential information pathways in social learning analyses to account for secondary learning pathways that may otherwise be missed.
A novel Orca Cultural Algorithm and applications
Authors: Drias Habiba , Drias Yassine , Khennak Ilyes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, the paradigm of machine culture as an extension to machine intelligence is introduced. This new concept is modelled based on animal intelligence and culture. The example of orca intelligence and culture is considered as orcas possess in addition to skills allowing them to reach preys, the ability to transmit their culture from generation to generation. The orca intelligence is studied and then simulated to design an algorithm called Orca Algorithm (OA). OA consists in modelling the orca lifestyle and in particular the orcas social organization, echolocation behaviour and hunting techniques. In order to integrate the cultural dimension, OA was hybridized with the Cultural Algorithm (CA) to get an algorithm called Orca Cultural Algorithm (OCA). OCA was tested on 22 benchmark problems of the literature to evaluate its performance. Extensive experiments were first performed to set the algorithm parameters prior to measure its effectiveness and efficiency. In a second stage, OCA was adapted to discrete problems and applied to the maze game with four level of complexity. Additional experiments were held to compare the designed algorithm with recent state‐of‐the‐art evolutionary algorithms. The overall obtained results are very promising.
Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions as an outlet for patient dismay? The case of Levothyrox® change of excipients
Authors: Romani Serena , Fresse Audrey , Parassol‐Girard Nadège , Gerard Alexandre , Levraut Mathieu , Yamani Samir , Van Obberghen Elise K. , Pariente Antoine , Rocher Fanny , Viard Delphine , Drici Milou‐Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFollowing minor changes of excipients of Levothyrox®, the French Pharmacovigilance Database was overwhelmed by patients' spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions associated with the new formula. After noticing that most of these reports differed from those related to other drugs, we aimed to characterize their features and compared them with spontaneous reports associated with other chronic treatments as comparators. We randomly sampled patient reports associated with either Levothyrox® new formula (n = 200) or comparator drugs (n = 200) from March 2017 till March 2018 from the National Pharmacovigilance Database. We evaluated the number of incriminated drugs and adverse drug reactions per report and verified whether they were “expected” or not according to the Summary of Product Characteristics. Levothyrox®‐associated reports included, on average, more adverse drug reactions (8 ± 4) than comparators (2 ± 2, P < 0.01) and mentioned mostly one drug (98.5% of reports), whereas comparators mentioned two at least (P < 0.001). The quantitative distribution of adverse drug reactions per report differed quite significantly, appearing almost Gaussian for Levothyrox® whereas Poisson‐like for comparators (P < 0.0001). Age did not differ significantly in the two groups (54.2 vs. 49.7, NS), but female predominated in Levothyrox® group (94.5%) as compared with comparators (60.8%, P < 0.001). A mere third of the Levothyrox®‐associated adverse drug reactions were deemed “expected,” versus two thirds for comparators (P < 0.001). The pattern of spontaneous reports associated with Levothyrox®, whether fueled by media or influenced by social networks, appears atypical, as compared with that of comparators. Such reports, by their abundance, may impair the automatic detection of relevant concomitant signals.
The impact of panel composition and topic on stakeholder perspectives: Generating hypotheses from online maternal and child health modified‐Delphi panels
Authors: Khodyakov Dmitry , Park Sujeong , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Parisi Sara M. , Bodnar Lisa M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionMultistakeholder engagement is crucial for conducting health services research. Delphi‐based methodologies combining iterative rounds of questions with feedback on and discussion of group results are a well‐documented approach to multistakeholder engagement. This study develops hypotheses about the impact of panel composition and topic on the propensity and meaningfulness of response changes in multistakeholder modified‐Delphi panels.MethodsWe conducted three online modified‐Delphi (OMD) multistakeholder panels using the same protocol. We assigned 60 maternal and child health professionals to a homogeneous (professionals only) panel, 60 pregnant or postpartum women (patients) to a homogeneous panel, and 30 professionals and 30 patients to a mixed panel. In Round 1, participants rated the seriousness of 11 maternal and child health outcomes using a 0–100 scale and explained their ratings. In Round 2, participants saw their own and their panel's Round 1 results and discussed them using asynchronous, anonymous discussion boards moderated by the study investigators. In Round 3, participants revised their original ratings. Our outcome measures included binary indicators of response changes to ratings of the low, medium and high severity maternal and child health outcomes and their meaningfulness, measured by a change of 10 or more points.ResultsParticipants changed 818 of 1491 (55%) of responses; the majority of response changes were meaningful. Patterns of response changes were different for patients and professionals and for different levels of outcome seriousness. Using study results and the literature, we developed three hypotheses. First, OMD participants, regardless of their stakeholder group, are more likely to change their responses on preference‐sensitive topics where there is a range of viable alternatives or perspectives. Second, patients are more likely to change their responses and to do so meaningfully in mixed panels, whereas professionals are more likely to do so in homogeneous panels. Third, the association between panel composition and response change varies according to the topic (e.g., the level of outcome seriousness).ConclusionsResults of our work not only helped generate empirically derived hypotheses to be tested in future research but also offer practical recommendations for designing multistakeholder OMD panels.Patient or Public ContributionPregnant or postpartum women were involved in this study.