bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of processing on selected pesticide residues in cottonseed (Gossypium spp.)
Authors: Subramani Thirukkumar , Ganapathyswamy Hemalatha , Sampathrajan Vellaikumar , Sundararajan Amutha , Marimuthu Murugan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFood processing techniques reduce pesticide residue accumulation in food components. The present study investigated the effectiveness of simple processing techniques, such as roasting, soaking, autoclaving, and storage conditions on 27 selected pesticides belongs to the class of organophosphates (OPs), organochlorines (OCPs), and pyrethroids (PPs) in pesticide fortified cottonseed. The residue concentration was analyzed by gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) from the extract of differently treated samples as untreated and pesticide‐free, pesticide‐fortified and pesticide‐fortified cum processed cottonseed. Recovery values of the residues ranged from 78.20 to 114% by the application of 1, 5, and 10 μg/g of pesticide in pesticide‐free cottonseed. The pesticide residue concentration were presented in nondetected level to the pesticide‐free sample. Otherwise, pesticide‐treated samples contained all pesticide residues ranging from 856 to 1,138 ng/g of OPs, 782 to 1,058 ng/g of OCPs and 857 to 1,140 ng/g of PPs, which has higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) as set by the Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation (FFCR) for cottonseed. Among the different processing methods, autoclave sample had less number of residues (three compounds) followed by stored (five compounds), soaked (seven compounds) and roasted (eight compounds) samples. The stored cottonseeds contained residues for phorate, total lindane excluding δ‐lindane and deltamethrin at the end of storage. Nevertheless, the residue from phorate (88.93 ng/g), δ‐lindane (69.32 ng/g) and deltamethrin (128.64 ng/g) has exceeded the concentration of MRL's for 0.05, 0.01, and 0.04 mg/kg, respectively. The finding indicates that the most effective method for reducing the pesticide residues was autoclaved treatment from the respective pesticide‐fortified cottonseed sample.
Not a Prophet, A Mirror
Authors: Omer Atalia 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTShaul Magid's Meir Kahane: The Public Life and Political Thought of an American Jewish Radical (2021) has the potential to urge American and Israeli Jews to “own” Meir Kahane and hold him up as a mirror reflecting the toxic and tragic dimensions of modern Jewish history. Such a look in the mirror can only happen once Jews see Palestinian suffering as central to the building of the state of Israel and also how they are complicit and implicated in such suffering.
Comparison of shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to human teeth with and without fluorotic enamel: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of experimental in vitro studies
Authors: Alvarez Daniela , Barmak Abdul Basir , Rossouw Paul Emile , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to human teeth with and without enamel fluorosis (EF) using conventional bonding interventions/techniques. An unrestricted search of indexed databases was performed with the following eligibility criteria: (a) human fluorotic teeth (experimental‐group); (b) human teeth without fluorosis (control‐group); (c) studies using phosphoric acid (PA) etching without air abrasion (AA), PA etching combined with AA, and application of self‐etching primer (SEP) alone as bonding interventions/techniques and (d) measuring SBS in megapascals (MPa). Data screening, selection and extraction were performed by two reviewers. The risk of bias (rob) was assessed using the JBI Critical appraisal tool for Quasi‐Experimental Studies. Meta‐analyses were performed using a random effects model. The quality of available evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Ten in vitro studies were included. Subgroup analyses were performed for each intervention type. The SBS was significantly lower in fluorotic teeth when PA was used without AA (mean difference = 3.26 MPa, confidence interval: [1.00, 5.52]); and there were no significant differences for the PA combined with AA and SEP interventions. All studies had a low rob. The overall level of evidence was at best low. The SBS is lower in teeth with EF when traditional PA is used. No significant differences were found in SBS between teeth with and without EF when PA is used with AA or when SEP is used alone.
Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kobia‐Acquah Emmanuel , Flitcroft Daniel Ian , Akowuah Prince Kwaku , Lingham Gareth , Loughman James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo provide contemporary and future estimates of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa.MethodsA systematic online literature search was conducted for articles on childhood (≤18 years) myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −0.50D; high myopia: SE ≤ −6.00D) in Africa. Population‐ or school‐based cross‐sectional studies published from 1 Jan 2000 to 30 May 2021 were included. Meta‐analysis using Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia. Myopia prevalence from subgroup analyses for age groups and settings were used as baseline for generating a prediction model using linear regression.ResultsForty‐two studies from 19 (of 54) African countries were included in the meta‐analysis (N = 737,859). Overall prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia were 4.7% (95% CI: 3.3%–6.5%) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2%–1.1%), respectively. Estimated prevalence across the African regions was highest in the North (6.8% [95% CI: 4.0%–10.2%]), followed by Southern (6.3% [95% CI: 3.9%–9.1%]), East (4.7% [95% CI: 3.1%–6.7%]) and West (3.5% [95% CI: 1.9%–6.3%]) Africa. Prevalence from 2011 to 2021 was approximately double that from 2000 to 2010 for all studies combined, and between 1.5 and 2.5 times higher for ages 5–11 and 12–18 years, for boys and girls and for urban and rural settings, separately. Childhood myopia prevalence is projected to increase in urban settings and older children to 11.1% and 10.8% by 2030, 14.4% and 14.1% by 2040 and 17.7% and 17.4% by 2050, respectively; marginally higher than projected in the overall population (16.4% by 2050).ConclusionsChildhood myopia prevalence has approximately doubled since 2010, with a further threefold increase predicted by 2050. Given this trajectory and the specific public health challenges in Africa, it is imperative to implement basic myopia prevention programmes, enhance spectacle coverage and ophthalmic services and generate more data to understand the changing myopia epidemiology to mitigate the expanding risk of the African population.
Microcrystalline dolomite in a middle Permian volcanic lake: Insights on primary dolomite formation in a non‐evaporitic environment
Authors: Jiao Xin , Liu Yi‐Qun , Yang Wan , Li Hong , Meng Zi‐Yuan , Zhao Min‐Ru , Li Zhe‐Xuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLacustrine dolomite nucleation commonly occurs in modern and Neogene evaporitic alkaline lakes. As a result, ancient lacustrine microcrystalline dolomite has been conventionally interpreted to be formed in evaporitic environments. This study, however, suggests a non‐evaporitic origin of dolomite precipitated in a volcanic–hydrothermal lake, where hydrothermal and volcanic processes interacted. The dolomite occurs in lacustrine fine‐grained sedimentary rocks in the middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Santanghu intracontinental rift basin, north‐west China. Dolostones are composed mainly of nano‐sized to micron‐sized dolomite with a euhedral to subhedral shape and a low degree of cation ordering, and are interlaminated and intercalated with tuffaceous shale. Non‐dolomite minerals, including quartz, alkaline feldspars, smectite and magnesite mix with the dolomite in various proportions. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.704528 to 0.705372, average = 0.705004) and δ26Mg values (−0.89 to −0.24‰, average = −0.55‰) of dolostones are similar to those of mantle rocks, indicating that the precipitates mainly originated from fluids that migrated upward from the mantle and were subject to water–rock reactions at a great depth. The δ18O values (−3.1 to −22.7‰, average = −14.0‰) of the dolostones indicate hydrothermal influence. The trace and rare earth element concentrations suggest a saline, anoxic and volcanic–hydrothermally‐influenced subaqueous environment. In this subaqueous environment of Lucaogou lake, locally high temperatures and a supply of abundant Mg2+ from a deep source induced by volcanic–hydrothermal activity formed favourable chemical conditions for direct precipitation of primary dolomite. This study's findings deepen the understanding of the origin and processes of lacustrine primary dolomite formation and provide an alternative possibility for environmental interpretations of ancient dolostones.
Follow‐up MRI appearance of the surgical site in dogs treated for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation and showing ongoing or recurrent neurological symptoms
Authors: Peschard Anne‐Lorraine , Freeman Paul , Genain Marie‐Aude 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReherniation and reoperation rates of 4.5%–36% are reported in canine patients treated for intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). Decision‐making for surgical reintervention can prove challenging, especially since common postoperative changes are poorly described on MRI. The purpose of this single‐center, retrospective, descriptive study was to describe the MRI characteristics of the surgical site in dogs treated for thoracolumbar IVDH and presenting for ongoing or recurrent neurological signs. Twenty‐one patients were included for a total of 42 MRI studies. Chondrodystrophic breeds, specifically Dachshunds, were overrepresented. Mean number of days between surgery and second MRI was 335 (range 2–1367). Metallic susceptibility artifacts were seen in seven of 21 cases (33%), but these were limited in extent, spanning on average 1.3 vertebral bodies. In 11 cases, spinal cord compression suspected to be clinically significant was found at the surgical site; the extradural compressive material consisted of intervertebral disc material only, or a combination of intervertebral disc material and hematoma or inflammatory changes in 10 cases, and a displaced articular process and fibrous tissue in one case. The latter is a newly described complication of mini‐hemilaminectomies. Paravertebral soft tissue changes and vertebral new bone formation varied according to the postoperative stage at which the patients were imaged. The results of this study supported the use of MRI as a diagnostic modality for spinal imaging following IVDH surgery, and showed that the presence of extradural disc material at a spinal surgical site is common along with various vertebral and paravertebral changes.
Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
Authors: Adair Katherine V. , Lux Cassie N. , Sun Xiaocun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare short‐ and long‐term clinical variables between dogs undergoing a modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and open cystotomy (OC) and evaluate for risk factors associated with complications and outcomes within the groups.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsA total of 218 dogs.MethodsRecords were reviewed for dogs that underwent PCCLm or OC between January 2010 and December 2019. Signalment; history and diagnostic findings; procedural, anesthetic, and hospitalized care data; complications; urolith recurrence; and follow‐up were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate effects of clinical variables on outcomes within PCCLm and OC groups and to identify significant categorical variables between PCCLm and OC groups. Two sample t‐tests were used to identify significant numerical variables between PCCLm and OC groups.ResultsA total of 60.1% (131/218) of dogs underwent the PCCLm procedure and 39.9% (87/218) of dogs underwent the OC procedure. Anesthesia time (p < .001) was significantly longer in the OC group. No significant difference in incomplete urolith removal was noted between groups. Although surgical site infection and inflammation rates were not significantly different between OC and PCCLm groups, incisional infections were significantly associated with complications occurring during PCCLm (p = .027). Significantly reduced postoperative lower urinary tract signs (p = .022) were noted in the PCCLm group.ConclusionThe PCCLm may result in reduced lower urinary tract signs postoperatively compared to OC, but other clear advantages of the PCCLm were not identified in this study.Clinical significancePCCLm procedures are an effective alternative to OC for urolith removal in dogs.
Real Time Precursor Calculation for the Early Detection of Combustion Instabilities
Authors: Meloni R. , Giannini N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The proper control of the pressure fluctuations inside the gas turbine combustors is becoming a key factor to contain the pollutant emissions and extend their operability limits, as a consequence of the leaner and leaner mixture the engines have to operate with. In this context, the mitigation of the combustion instabilities through active control strategies is nowadays taking more and more benefits from the most advanced data science techniques. The employment of such algorithms has not only the aim to detect an instability and bring the engine to operate in a stable window but, more and more often, to anticipate the rising of a dominant frequency in an early stage of growth, with advantages in terms of extension of the life of the mechanical components and, more importantly, the reduction of the number of startups. In this context, the present papers presents a reduced order model derived from the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) algorithm that can be applied to analyze the time signals acquired by the pressure probes installed in a generic gas turbine combustor. The most useful information that are retrieved from the signal are the frequency content and the corresponding growth rate (GR). The latter parameter can be assumed to act like a precursor of the system instability, enabling the possibility to identify a potential issue well in advance with respect to the traditional approaches. This new method can pave the way to new control strategies, depending on the different kind of instabilities detected. Also these aspects will be addressed along this work, focusing the discussion on both thermo-acoustic instabilities and low-frequency tones associated with the flame extinction. Moreover, additional criteria that could be implemented along a control system based on this new methodology will be provided.
Effect of Exercise Cognitive Combined Training on Physical Function in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Qiuhong , Gong Bingyan , Zhao Yiran , Wu Chao 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise cognitive combined training (ECCT) compared with non-ECCT on physical function in cognitively healthy older adults. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 2, 2021, and 22 studies (1,091 participants, Mage = 74.90) were included in the meta-review. The Cochrane Risk of Bias and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools were used for quality assessments. ECCT improved gait speed (mean difference: 0.06 m/s, 95% CI [confidence interval] [0.02, 0.11]; 446 participants, 11 studies) and balance (standardized mean difference: 0.38, 95% CI [0.14, 0.61]; 292 participants, seven studies). Simultaneous ECCT, but not nonsimultaneous ECCT, improved gait speed (mean difference: 0.11 m/s, 95% CI [0.07, 0.15]), balance (standardized mean difference: 0.40, 95% CI [0.16, 0.64]), and functional mobility (mean difference: −0.85 s, 95% CI [−1.63, −0.07]; 327 participants, nine studies). Future research should focus on the duration and form of ECCT intervention optimal for improving the functional activities of older individuals.
Leveling Up Sport Management Education: Gamification in the Classroom
Authors: Duguay Ashley M. , Shipherd Amber M. , LeCrom Carrie , Goebert Chad 
Published: August 2022

In line with trends in sport management education that have encouraged a transition from traditional forms of passive and depersonalized learning to active and motivated learning, this essay draws on theoretical and applied insight to provide sport management educators with actionable information related to gamification. In educational contexts, gamification involves using game elements such as narratives, teams, and badges in the classroom as a way to support students’ intrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness). This essay presents a case for gamification as a high-impact pedagogical approach that can help sport management educators replicate the global, complicated, and dynamic nature of the sport industry, thus creating more authentic, engaging, and influential experiences for students. Accordingly, this essay outlines gamification in education, discusses game elements and design, and provides a thorough description of a gamified sport psychology course. It concludes with future considerations and key takeaways for sport management educators.
National quality improvement intervention to reduce high risk oral methotrexate prescribing
Authors: Innes James , Jamieson Tony , Dales Ruth , Lloyd Robert 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundHarmful or fatal errors related to accidental overdose of methotrexate tablets are well documented. In England, the coprescription of 2.5 mg and 10 mg methotrexate tablets is not recommended, because both tablets look similar, and may be confused with each other, leading to a potential overdose of methotrexate. It is recommended that one tablet strength (usually 2.5 mg) is prescribed and dispensed. A recent retrospective cohort study identified that while 97% of patients in England were prescribed only 2.5 mg methotrexate tablets, the prescribing of 10 mg tablets or combinations of 2.5 mg and 10 mg tablets was still common practice in a small number of geographical areas across the country.Aim and methodologyTo reduce national variation in the prescription of oral methotrexate 10 mg tablets, for non-cancer treatment, by November 2021. A focused, five-stage quality improvement (QI) intervention was used, providing centralised support to a cohort of high prescribing integrated care systems (ICSs) in England.Findings23% (10) of ICSs in England were responsible for 76% of prescribing of methotrexate 10 mg tablets. Eight of these high prescribing ICSs participated in the QI intervention between March and November 2021. During the action period, the high prescribing cohort saw a 54% reduction in the prescribing of methotrexate 10 mg tablets, with seven ICSs seeing reductions of between 41% and 75%, resulting in reduced variation between the high prescribing ICSs and all other ICSs. The intervention was well received by ICSs with all making structural changes to their respective systems so that improvement would be sustained.ConclusionsThe success of this project raises several exciting opportunities for further work of this nature, particularly where this is significant variation in practice across the country.
Mildly elevated INR is associated with worse outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Ahmad Ghasan , Colasurdo Marco , Yarbrough Karen , Schrier Chad , Phipps Michael S , Cronin Carolyn A , Mehndiratta Prachi , Cole John W , Wozniak Marcella , Miller Timothy R , Gandhi Dheeraj , Jindal Gaurav , Chaturvedi Seemant 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundElevated International Normalized Ratio (INR) is a marker of coagulopathy, but its impact on outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with stroke is unclear. This study investigates the impact of mild INR elevations on clinical outcomes following MT.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients with stroke treated with MT were identified from 2015 to 2020 at a Comprehensive Stroke Center. Demographic information, past medical history, INR, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, use of tissue plasminogen activator, and last known normal to arteriotomy time were recorded. Outcome measures included modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days, and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Patients were divided into two groups: normal INR (0.8–1.1) and mildly elevated INR (1.2–1.7).ResultsA total of 489 patients were included for analysis, of which 349 had normal INR and 140 had mildly elevated INR. After multivariable adjustments, mildly elevated INR was associated with lower odds of excellent outcomes (mRS 0–1, OR 0.24, p=0.009), lower odds of functional independence (mRS 0–2, OR 0.38, p=0.038), and higher odds of 90-day mortality (OR 3.45, p=0.018). Elevated INR was not associated with a higher likelihood of ICH, and there were no differences in rates of HI1, HI2, PH1, or PH2 hemorrhagic transformations; however, elevated INR was associated with significantly higher odds of 90-day mortality in patients with ICH (OR 6.22, p=0.024). This effect size was larger than in patients without ICH (OR 3.38, p<0.001).ConclusionIn patients with stroke treated with MT, mildly elevated INR is associated with worse clinical outcomes after recanalization and may worsen the mortality risk of hemorrhagic transformations.
Procedural, workforce, and reimbursement trends in neuroendovascular procedures
Authors: Steiger Kyle , Singh Rohin , Fox W Christopher , Koester Stefan , Brown Nolan , Shahrestani Shane , Miller David A , Patel Naresh P , Catapano Joshua S , Srinivasan Visish M , Meschia James F , Erben Young 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThis study aims to define the proportion of Medicare neuroendovascular procedures performed by different specialists from 2013 to 2019, map the geographic distribution of these specialists, and trend reimbursement for these procedures.MethodsThe Medicare Provider Utilization Database was queried for recognized neuroendovascular procedures. Data on specialists and their geographic distribution were tabulated. Reimbursement data were gathered using the Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool and adjusted for inflation using the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price Index Inflation calculator.ResultsThe neuroendovascular workforce in 2013 and 2019, respectively, was as follows: radiologists (46% vs 44%), neurosurgeons (45% vs 35%), and neurologists (9% vs 21%). Neurologists increased proportionally (p=0.03). Overall procedure numbers increased across each specialty: radiology (360%; p=0.02), neurosurgery (270%; p<0.01), and neurology (1070%; p=0.03). Neuroendovascular revascularization (CPT 61645) increased in all fields: radiology (170%; p<0.01), neurosurgery (280%; p<0.01), neurology (240%; p<0.01); central nervous system (CNS) permanent occlusion/embolization (CPT61624) in neurosurgery (67%; p=0.03); endovascular temporary balloon artery occlusion (CPT61623) in neurology (29%; p=0.04). In 2019, radiologists were the most common neuroendovascular specialists everywhere except in the Northeast where neurosurgeons predominated. Inflation adjusted reimbursement decreased for endovascular temporary balloon occlusion (CPT61623, −13%; p=0.01), CNS transcatheter permanent occlusion or embolization (CPT61624, −13%; p=0.02), non-CNS transcatheter permanent occlusion or embolization (CPT61626, −12%; p<0.01), and intracranial stent placement (CPT61635, −12%; p=0.05).ConclusionsThe number of neuroendovascular procedures and specialists increased, with neurologists becoming more predominant. Reimbursement decreased. Coordination among neuroendovascular specialists in terms of training and practice location may maximize access to acute care.