bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global youth vaping and respiratory health: epidemiology, interventions, and policies
Authors: Lyzwinski Lynnette Nathalie , Naslund John A. , Miller Christopher J. , Eisenberg Mark J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractE-cigarette usage (also known as e-cigarettes or vaping products) has increasingly been recognized as a global public health problem. One challenge in particular involves their marketing to minors (teenagers and children) and the rising prevalence of use in this population. E-cigarettes unnecessarily expose minors to health risks, these include respiratory health problems, such as exacerbations of asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory-tract irritation. Nicotine, commonly found in e-cigarettes, is also associated with cognitive impairment and neurodevelopmental problems. E-cigarettes are also risk factors for downstream substance use, including cigarettes and cannabis initiation (the gateway hypothesis), which compounds health risks in dual users. Current public health preventative and intervention studies are limited, and there is a clear need for more interventions that may prevent usage and assist with cessation in this vulnerable population. Physician education and screening uptake should also be enhanced. Stricter public health policy and protection measures are also needed on a global scale to limit e-cigarette exposure in minors.
Elimination of receptor binding by influenza hemagglutinin improves vaccine-induced immunity
Authors: Hendin Hilary E. , Lavoie Pierre-Olivier , Gravett Jason M. , Pillet Stéphane , Saxena Pooja , Landry Nathalie , D’Aoust Marc-André , Ward Brian J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe binding of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) to sialic acid (SA) receptors plays a well-defined role in shaping infection but the impact of such binding on vaccine responses has not yet been explored. We generated a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine bearing the HA of H1N1 A/California/07/09 that is unable to bind to its α(2,6)-linked SA receptor (H1Y98F-VLP) and compared its immunogenicity and efficacy to a wild-type H1-VLP (H1WT-VLP) in mice. The H1Y98F-VLP elicited significantly stronger and more durable antibody responses (hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization titers) and greater avidity maturation, likely attributable to improved germinal center formation. H1Y98F-VLP also resulted in a robust population of IL-2+TNFα+IFNγ− CD4+ T cells that correlated with antibody responses. Compared to H1WT-VLP vaccination, mice immunized with H1Y98F-VLP had 2.3-log lower lung viral loads and significantly lower pulmonary inflammatory cytokine levels 5 days post-challenge. These findings suggest that abrogation of HA-SA interactions may be a promising strategy to improve the quality and durability of influenza vaccine-induced humoral responses.
Aggresome assembly at the centrosome is driven by CP110–CEP97–CEP290 and centriolar satellites
Authors: Prosser Suzanna L. , Tkach Johnny , Gheiratmand Ladan , Kim Jaeyoun , Raught Brian , Morrison Ciaran G. , Pelletier Laurence 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtein degradation is critical to maintaining cellular homeostasis, and perturbation of the ubiquitin proteasome system leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates. These aggregates are either directed towards autophagy for destruction or sequestered into an inclusion, termed the aggresome, at the centrosome. Utilizing high-resolution quantitative analysis, here, we define aggresome assembly at the centrosome in human cells. Centriolar satellites are proteinaceous granules implicated in the trafficking of proteins to the centrosome. During aggresome assembly, satellites were required for the growth of the aggresomal structure from an initial ring of phosphorylated HSP27 deposited around the centrioles. The seeding of this phosphorylated HSP27 ring depended on the centrosomal proteins CP110, CEP97 and CEP290. Owing to limiting amounts of CP110, senescent cells, which are characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates, were defective in aggresome formation. Furthermore, satellites and CP110–CEP97–CEP290 were required for the aggregation of mutant huntingtin. Together, these data reveal roles for CP110–CEP97–CEP290 and satellites in the control of cellular proteostasis and the aggregation of disease-relevant proteins.
Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism
Authors: Monteiro Cátia , Miarka Lauritz , Perea-García María , Priego Neibla , García-Gómez Pedro , Álvaro-Espinosa Laura , de Pablos-Aragoneses Ana , Yebra Natalia , Retana Diana , Baena Patricia , Fustero-Torre Coral , Graña-Castro Osvaldo , Troulé Kevin , Caleiras Eduardo , Tezanos Patricia , Muela Pablo , Cintado Elisa , Trejo José Luis , Sepúlveda Juan Manuel , González-León Pedro , Jiménez-Roldán Luis , Moreno Luis Miguel , Esteban Olga , Pérez-Núñez Ángel , Hernández-Lain Aurelio , Mazarico Gallego José , Ferrer Irene , Suárez Rocío , Garrido-Martín Eva M. , Paz-Ares Luis , Dalmasso Celine , Cohen-Jonathan Moyal Elizabeth , Siegfried Aurore , Hegarty Aisling , Keelan Stephen , Varešlija Damir , Young Leonie S. , Mohme Malte , Goy Yvonne , Wikman Harriet , Fernández-Alén Jose , Blasco Guillermo , Alcázar Lucía , Cabañuz Clara , Grivennikov Sergei I. , Ianus Andrada , Shemesh Noam , Faria Claudia C. , Lee Rebecca , Lorigan Paul , Le Rhun Emilie , Weller Michael , Soffietti Riccardo , Bertero Luca , Ricardi Umberto , Bosch-Barrera Joaquim , Sais Elia , Teixidor Eduard , Hernández-Martínez Alejandro , Calvo Alfonso , Aristu Javier , Martin Santiago M. , Gonzalez Alvaro , Adler Omer , Erez Neta ,   RENACER, Sobrino Cecilia , Ajenjo Nuria , Artiga Maria-Jesus , Ortega-Paino Eva , Valiente Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the treatment backbone for many patients with brain metastasis; however, its efficacy in preventing disease progression and the associated toxicity have questioned the clinical impact of this approach and emphasized the need for alternative treatments. Given the limited therapeutic options available for these patients and the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of metastatic lesions to WBRT, we sought to uncover actionable targets and biomarkers that could help to refine patient selection. Through an unbiased analysis of experimental in vivo models of brain metastasis resistant to WBRT, we identified activation of the S100A9–RAGE–NF-κB–JunB pathway in brain metastases as a potential mediator of resistance in this organ. Targeting this pathway genetically or pharmacologically was sufficient to revert the WBRT resistance and increase therapeutic benefits in vivo at lower doses of radiation. In patients with primary melanoma, lung or breast adenocarcinoma developing brain metastasis, endogenous S100A9 levels in brain lesions correlated with clinical response to WBRT and underscored the potential of S100A9 levels in the blood as a noninvasive biomarker. Collectively, we provide a molecular framework to personalize WBRT and improve its efficacy through combination with a radiosensitizer that balances therapeutic benefit and toxicity.
High gain low-cost antenna based on the utilization of diffracted fields from semi-ring shape dielectric edges
Authors: Al-Alem Yazan , Sifat Syed M. , Antar Yahia M. M. , Kishk Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA simple antenna with a 20-dBi gain is proposed. A thorough analysis of the propagation mechanism accompanied by a unique physical insight is provided. The realized structure has a low profile, low-cost, and compact features. A detailed insight into applying the Fresnel–Huygens principle is provided.
A novel methodology to identify and survey physicians participating in medical aid-in-dying
Authors: Kini Vinay , Mosley Bridget , Ressalam Julie , Bolcic-Jankovic Dragana , Lum Hillary D. , Kessler Elizabeth R. , DeCamp Matthew , Campbell Eric G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhysicians who participate in medical-aid-in-dying (MAID) cannot be easily identified and studied due to cost and anonymity barriers. We developed and empirically tested a novel methodology to identify and survey physicians highly likely to participate in MAID activities. We used a state-level comprehensive administrative claims database to identify a cohort of patients with diagnoses and hospice enrollment similar to those known to have filled a prescription for MAID from 2017–2018. We then identified physicians who provided routine outpatient care to these patients using National Provider Identifier numbers. We surveyed these physicians in 3 waves (n = 583 total surveys), ranking physicians in order of their likelihood of being asked about MAID for each wave based on characteristics including specialty and the number of unique patients they had provided care to. We re-ranked physicians in waves 2 and 3 based on responses from prior waves. Physicians were surveyed only once and there was no follow-up to preserve anonymity. Surveys assessed the proportion of respondents who participated in MAID activities (discussions, referrals, and/or prescriptions). We identified 6369 physicians that provided care to 2960 patients. In survey waves one, two, and three respectively, response rates (55%, 52%, and 55%; p = 0.98) and the proportion of respondents that participated in MAID activities (58%, 56%, and 42%; p = 0.05) were similar. Small adjustments made to physician ranking criteria in waves two and three did not increase the proportion of physicians that participated in MAID activities. We used a novel methodology using administrative data to identify and survey physicians at high likelihood of participating in MAID activities. We achieved good overall response rates (52%), and a high proportion of respondents that participated in MAID activities (52%), demonstrating that it is possible to overcome cost and anonymity barriers to conducting quantitative research on MAID. This methodology could be used in larger scale studies of MAID or other bioethical issues with “hidden” physician populations.
Anti-HMGB1 antibody is a potential characteristic autoantibody for Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Chen Mingkun , Zhou Yi , Xue Miao , Zhu Rongrong , Jing Liling , Lin Liling , He Chengwen , Qin Yanghua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects about 0.33–0.77% population in China. The positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is one of the key features of SS, which shows a nuclear fine speckled (AC-4) pattern in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IIFT). About 70% of ANA-positive SS patients have detectable anti-SS-A and/or SS-B antibodies, which indicates that other autoantibodies may present in SS patients. The anti-HMGB1 antibodies in 93 SS patients and 96 healthy controls were investigated with in-house developed ELISA and immunoblotting, and the locations of HMGB1 and fluorescent pattern of anti-HMGB1 antibody were investigated with IIFT. The contribution of anti-HMGB1 antibody in ANA-IF was evaluated with Cas9-induce HMGB1 knockout B16 cells. The anti-HMGB1 antibody level is higher in SS patients (9.96 ± 5.55 RU/ml) than in healthy controls (4.9 ± 1.4 RU/ml). With ROC curve analysis, when taking 8 RU/ml as the cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were 64.5%, 96.9%, and 0.83, respectively. A total of 18 patients (20.7%) with nuclear fine speckled (AC-4) pattern in ANA-IF test were anti-HMGB1 antibody positive only. With commercial antibody, anti-HMGB1 antibody showed the same nuclear fine speckled (AC-4) pattern. The serum from ANA-IF (+), SS-A (−), and SS-B (−) SS patients showed nuclear fine speckled (AC-4) pattern in wildtype B16 cells, but no fluorescence in HMGB1 knockout B16 cells. Anti-HMGB1 antibody may be one of the characteristic autoantibodies of SS in addition to anti-SS-A and SS-B. The detection of anti-HMGB1 antibody can provide more laboratory evidence for clinical diagnosis of SS.
Conservation of the unusual dimeric JmjC fold of JMJD7 from Drosophila melanogaster to humans
Authors: Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , Abboud Martine I. , Wiley James , Tumber Anthony , Markolovic Suzana , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe JmjC family of 2-oxoglutarate dependent oxygenases catalyse a range of hydroxylation and demethylation reactions in humans and other animals. Jumonji domain-containing 7 (JMJD7) is a JmjC (3S)-lysyl-hydroxylase that catalyses the modification of Developmentally Regulated GTP Binding Proteins 1 and 2 (DRG1 and 2); JMJD7 has also been reported to have histone endopeptidase activity. Here we report biophysical and biochemical studies on JMJD7 from Drosophila melanogaster (dmJMJD7). Notably, crystallographic analyses reveal that the unusual dimerization mode of JMJD7, which involves interactions between both the N- and C-terminal regions of both dmJMJD7 monomers and disulfide formation, is conserved in human JMJD7 (hsJMJD7). The results further support the assignment of JMJD7 as a lysyl hydroxylase and will help enable the development of selective inhibitors for it and other JmjC oxygenases.
The ZZ domain of HERC2 is a receptor of arginylated substrates
Authors: Tencer Adam H. , Liu Jiuyang , Zhu Jing , Burkholder Nathaniel T. , Zhang Yi , Wu Wenwen , Strahl Brian D. , Ohta Tomohiko , Kutateladze Tatiana G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC2 has been linked to neurological diseases and cancer, however it remains a poorly characterized human protein. Here, we show that the ZZ domain of HERC2 (HERC2ZZ) recognizes a mimetic of the Nt-R cargo degradation signal. NMR titration experiments and mutagenesis results reveal that the Nt-R mimetic peptide occupies a well-defined binding site of HERC2ZZ comprising of the negatively charged aspartic acids. We report the crystal structure of the DOC domain of HERC2 (HERC2DOC) that is adjacent to HERC2ZZ and show that a conformational rearrangement in the protein may occur when the two domains are linked. Immunofluorescence microscopy data suggest that the stimulation of autophagy promotes targeting of HERC2 to the proteasome. Our findings suggest a role of cytosolic HERC2 in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathways.
Selectable microwave‐frequency doubling and quadrupling via optical path‐length tuning
Authors: Maafa M.R. , Maywar D.N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA technique to selectively double or quadruple the frequency of a microwave signal is experimentally demonstrated based on a commercial single‐output Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM). Selectability is achieved by only a change in optical path length in a post‐MZM optical subsystem, without filtering and without changing the MZM drive voltage. This path length controls the synchronisation of two similarly shaped optical signals that are incoherently combined. Multiplication from 2 GHz (S‐band) to 4 GHz (C‐band, doubling) and to 8 GHz (X‐band, quadrupling) is demonstrated with side‐tone suppression greater than 24 dB. At a 10‐kHz offset from the quadrupled frequency, the phase‐noise degradation is only 7.9 dB, a 4.1‐dB improvement over traditional quadrupling techniques.
Stellar mass and radius estimation using artificial intelligence
Authors: Moya A. , López-Sastre R. J. 
Published: April 2022

Context. Estimating stellar masses and radii for most stars is a challenge, but it is critical to know them for many different astrophysical fields, such as exoplanet characterization or stellar structure and evolution. One of the most extended techniques for estimating these variables is the so-called empirical relations.
Aims. We propose a group of frontier artificial intelligence (AI) regression models, with the aim of studying their proficiency in estimating stellar masses and radii. We select the model that provides the best accuracy with the least possible bias. Some of these AI techniques do not treat uncertainties properly, but in the current context, in which statistical analyses of massive databases in different fields are conducted, the most accurate estimate possible of stellar masses and radii can provide valuable information. We publicly release the database, the AI models, and an online tool for stellar mass and radius estimation to the community.
Methods. We used a sample of 726 MS stars from the literature with accurate M, R, Teff, L, log ɡ, and [Fe/H]. We split our data sample into training and testing sets and then analyzed the different AI techniques with them. In particular, we experimentally evaluated the accuracy of the following models: linear regression, Bayesian regression, regression trees, random forest, support-vector regression (SVR), neural networks, K-nearest neighbour, and stacking. We propose a series of experiments designed to evaluate the accuracy of the estimates, and also the generalization capability of AI models. We also analyzed the impact of reducing the number of input parameters and compared our results with those from current empirical relations in the literature.
Results. We have found that stacking several regression models is the most suitable technique for estimating masses and radii. In the case of the mass, neural networks also provide precise results, and for the radius, SVR and neural networks work as well. Compared with other currently used empirical relation-based models, our stacking improves the accuracy by a factor of two for both variables. In addition, bias is reduced to one order of magnitude in the case of stellar mass. Finally, we found that using our stacking and only Teff and L as input features, the accuracies obtained are slightly higher than 5%, with a bias of ≈1.5%. In the case of the mass, including [Fe/H] significantly improves the results. For the radius, including log ɡ yields better results. Finally, the proposed AI models exhibit an interesting generalization capability: they are able to perform estimations for masses and radii that were never observed during the training step.
Regression bei jungen Erwachsenen mit einem Down-Syndrom: Eine
Fallserie
Authors: Wagemann Olivia , Loosli Sandra V. , Vöglein Jonathan , Prix Catharina , Wlasich Elisabeth , Nübling Georg , Danek Adrian , Levin Johannes 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Abgrenzung zur Depression und zur früh beginnenden
Alzheimer-Demenz ist bei jungen Erwachsenen mit einem Down-Syndrom ein
Regressions-Syndrom im Sinne eines plötzlich auftretenden, weitgehend
irreversiblen Verlusts erlernter Fähigkeiten sowie
Verhaltensänderungen beschrieben. Die vorliegende Fallserie verdeutlicht
die heterogene Präsentation, die Herausforderungen im
differentialdiagnostischen und therapeutischen Vorgehen sowie prognostische
Konsequenzen des Syndroms.
Methodik Es erfolgte eine Evaluation anhand der CAMDEX-DS (Cambridge
Examination for Mental Disorders of Older People with Down Syndrome and Others
with Intellectual Disabilities) sowie des Diagnosekatalogs der DSMIG-USA
(Down-Syndrome Medical Interest Group USA).
Ergebnisse Für alle drei Patienten ließ sich mittels
DSMIG-USA-Kriterien und nach Ausschluss somatischer oder psychiatrischer
Ursachen ein mindestens wahrscheinliches Regressions-Syndrom feststellen.
Diskussion Die ausführliche differentialdiagnostische
Abklärung einer unklaren Regression bei jungen Menschen mit einem
Down-Syndrom erlaubt bei entsprechender Verdachtsdiagnose eine rasche Einleitung
therapeutischer und sozialmedizinischer Maßnahmen. Der Diagnosekatalog
der DSMIG-USA erleichtert dabei die Einordnung der diffusen und vielseitigen
Symptomatik.
Evaluation der Wirksamkeit der klärungsorientierten
Psychotherapie bei Personen mit einer narzisstischen
Persönlichkeitsstörung nach DSM-IV – eine
naturalistische Längsschnittstudie mit prä-post
Design
Authors: Müller Gregor , Sachse Rainer , Langer Katja , Claus Benedikt Bernd , Bonnet Udo 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit einer narzisstischen
Persönlichkeitsstörung (NPS) gelten im Rahmen der
therapeutischen Arbeit als besonders herausfordernd. Allerdings liegen gut
kontrollierte Studien zur Effektivität von Psychotherapie bei
NPS-Patienten bislang nicht vor, sodass viele Interventionsprozesse auf
theoretischen Konstrukten basieren. Die Klärungsorientierte
Psychotherapie (KOP) ist ein psychotherapeutisches
Verfahren, welches sich aus Konzepten der Kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie,
der Klientenzentrierten Psychotherapie und verschiedenen
prozessorientierten Verfahren entwickelt hat. Die
vorliegende Untersuchung versucht eine Quantifizierung der
Effektivität einer psychotherapeutischen Behandlung der NPS
per KOP.
Methode und Ergebnisse Retrospektive Kohorten-Studie. Die prä-post
per-Protokoll-Analyse von 173 behandlungssuchenden NPS-Patienten1 zeigte nach Abschluss der Behandlung
(58,6±10,5 Sitzungen) signifikante Verbesserungen von zentralen
störungsrelevanten Parametern (mit größtenteils
mittleren Effektstärken). Insbesondere das primäre Zielkriterium
(d.h. der ehrgeizige/narzisstische Persönlichkeitsziel im
„Persönlichkeits-Stil- und Störungs-Inventar“
(PSSI) zeigte eine positive Veränderung (mittlere Effektstärke:
d=−0,49 [−0,67; −0,31], p<0,001).
In Bezug auf die Verbesserung depressiver „states“ und
„traits“, Neurotizismus sowie der Selbstakzeptanz konnte sogar
ein großer Effekt gefunden werden. Die niedrigsten Effektstärken
fanden sich bei der Stärkung der Selbstregulation (d=0,2 [0,03;
0,36], p=0,02).
Diskussion Da keine intention-to-treat-Analyse durchgeführt wurde,
kann eine Überschätzung der Effektstärken der Behandlung
nicht ausgeschlossen werden. Die Ergebnisse deuten an, dass der KOP eine
bevorzugte Position bei der Behandlung der narzisstischen
Persönlichkeitsstörung eingeräumt werden kann. Aus Sicht
der evidenzbasierten Medizin unterstützen die Ergebnisse dieser bisher
umfangreichsten Studie zur Psychotherapie der NPS eine Anhebung des
Evidenzlevels der Wirksamkeit der KOP bei der Behandlung dieser Störung
von Stufe IV auf Stufe III.
Research Progress on N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reactions for Synthesizing Ketones through Radical Mechanism
Authors: Yang Hai-Bin , Wan Dan-Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNHC-catalyzed radical cross-coupling reactions have been recently developed; they provide an efficient method to access ketones from aldehydes or carboxylic acid derivatives with sp3-hybridized carbon radical precursors. This reaction has indirectly solved the limitations in the scope of coupling partners in NHC umpolung catalyzed reactions of aldehydes. In this short review, we present some recent advances in NHC-catalyzed radical reactions, with a focus on the construction of the C–C(CO) bond.1	Introduction2	Oxidative Generation of NHC-Derived Ketyl Radical2.1	NHPI Redox-Active Esters2.2	Katritzky Pyridinium Salts2.3	Alkyl Halides2.4	Aryl Halides2.5	Compounds Containing N–O Bond2.6	Diazo Esters2.7	Others3	Reductive Generation of NHC-Derived Ketyl Radical3.1	Hantzsch Esters3.2	Sulfinates3.3	Electron-Rich Arenes3.4	Amines3.5	Organoborane Reagents4	Conclusion