bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing after COVID‐19 hospitalization
Authors: Delaney Lia D. , Bicket Mark C. , Hu Hsou Mei , O'Malley Megan , McLaughlin Elizabeth , Flanders Scott A. , Vaughn Valerie M. , Waljee Jennifer F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpioid and benzodiazepine prescribing after COVID‐19 hospitalization is not well understood. We aimed to characterize opioid and benzodiazepine prescribing among naïve patients hospitalized for COVID and to identify the risk factors associated with a new prescription at discharge. In this retrospective study of patients across 39 Michigan hospitals from March to November 2020, we identified 857 opioid‐ and benzodiazepine‐naïve patients admitted with COVID‐19 not requiring mechanical ventilation. Of these, 22% received opioids, 13% received benzodiazepines, and 6% received both during the hospitalization. At discharge, 8% received an opioid prescription, and 3% received a benzodiazepine prescription. After multivariable adjustment, receipt of an opioid or benzodiazepine prescription at discharge was associated with the length of inpatient opioid or benzodiazepine exposure. These findings suggest that hospitalization represents a risk of opioid or benzodiazepine initiation among naïve patients, and judicious prescribing should be considered to prevent opioid‐related harms.
A homozygous splice variant in ATP5PO, disrupts mitochondrial complex V function and causes Leigh syndrome in two unrelated families
Authors: Ganapathi Mythily , Friocourt Gaelle , Gueguen Naig , Friederich Marisa W. , Le Gac Gerald , Okur Volkan , Loaëc Nadège , Ludwig Thomas , Ka Chandran , Tanji Kurenai , Marcorelles Pascale , Theodorou Evangelos , Lignelli‐Dipple Angela , Voisset Cécile , Walker Melissa A. , Briere Lauren C. , Bourhis Amélie , Blondel Marc , LeDuc Charles , Hagen Jacob , Cooper Cathleen , Muraresku Colleen , Ferec Claude , Garenne Armelle , Lelez‐Soquet Servane , Rogers Cassandra A. , Shen Yufeng , Strode Dana K. , Bizargity Peyman , Iglesias Alejandro , Goldstein Amy , High Frances A. , Network Undiagnosed Diseases , Sweetser David A. , Ganetzky Rebecca , Van Hove Johan L. K. , Procaccio Vincent , Le Marechal Cedric , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMitochondrial complex V plays an important role in oxidative phosphorylation by catalyzing the generation of ATP. Most complex V subunits are nuclear encoded and not yet associated with recognized Mendelian disorders. Using exome sequencing, we identified a rare homozygous splice variant (c.87+3A>G) in ATP5PO, the complex V subunit which encodes the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein, in three individuals from two unrelated families, with clinical suspicion of a mitochondrial disorder. These individuals had a similar, severe infantile and often lethal multi‐systemic disorder that included hypotonia, developmental delay, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, progressive epileptic encephalopathy, progressive cerebral atrophy, and white matter abnormalities on brain MRI consistent with Leigh syndrome. cDNA studies showed a predominant shortened transcript with skipping of exon 2 and low levels of the normal full‐length transcript. Fibroblasts from the affected individuals demonstrated decreased ATP5PO protein, defective assembly of complex V with markedly reduced amounts of peripheral stalk proteins, and complex V hydrolytic activity. Further, expression of human ATP5PO cDNA without exon 2 (hATP5PO‐∆ex2) in yeast cells deleted for yATP5 (ATP5PO homolog) was unable to rescue growth on media which requires oxidative phosphorylation when compared to the wild type construct (hATP5PO‐WT), indicating that exon 2 deletion leads to a non‐functional protein. Collectively, our findings support the pathogenicity of the ATP5PO c.87+3A>G variant, which significantly reduces but does not eliminate complex V activity. These data along with the recent report of an affected individual with ATP5PO variants, add to the evidence that rare biallelic variants in ATP5PO result in defective complex V assembly, function and are associated with Leigh syndrome.
Future changes in extreme precipitation in central Asia with 1.5–4°C global warming based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Wang Fang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractQuantifying future precipitation changes in central Asia (CA), one of the largest semiarid‐to‐arid regions in the world, is increasingly attracting attention. Extreme precipitation changes in CA have been studied based on global climate models (GCMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). However, quantitative information regarding projected changes in extreme precipitation in CA under the 1.5–4°C global warming scenario is lacking; the potential advantages of the latest‐generation GCMs (i.e., CMIP6) in characterizing precipitation in CA have not been investigated. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the models' overall performance in reproducing the spatiotemporal pattern of four extreme precipitation indices and further performed an observationally constrained projection of changes in extreme precipitation indices for 1.5–4°C global warming based on a weighted multimodel ensemble. Regarding homologous models, CMIP6 models exhibited limited improvement relative to their earlier versions in CMIP5. We project that extreme precipitation indices in CA will increase approximately linearly as global warming increases, except for the consecutive dry days (CDD) index. The changes in precipitation intensity and accumulation exhibit robust consistency between models, whereas the signal of CDD changes is masked by the noise produced by intermodel uncertainties. The changes in the average annual accumulated and maximum 1‐day precipitation relative to the reference period (1981–2010) in CA are 12.0 and 14.2% at 3°C global warming (similar to late‐century warming projected based on current mitigation policies), respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate the advantage of the weighted scheme over the traditional unweighted scheme for multimodel ensemble projection.
Impact on local sustainability of the northward expansion of human activities into protected areas in northern Tibet
Authors: Fan Jie , Liang Bo , Liu Hanchu , Wang Yafei , Zhao Yannan , Zhang Haipeng , Liu Baoyin , Chen Dong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe negative marginal effect of spatial expansion of human activities on the ecology is increasing, which could easily lead to unsustainable development. However, the reasons for the expansion process and the combined impact on the ecosystem health of protected areas and the sustainable livelihoods of local residents are still vaguely known. Northern Tibet has important ecological service functions such as water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and plateau biodiversity, and is an ecological security barrier on a global scale. Based on multi‐source data, this study describes the changing process of the boundary of human activities in northern Tibet. By establishing a sustainable living equilibrium model, using spatial analysis and the transformation measurement method, the causes of human activities encroaching on protected areas and their impact on ecology and pastoralist livelihoods are explored. The results showed that the boundary of grazing moved 118.7 km northward to the Qiangtang Protected Area from 1980 to 2015, resulting in the theoretical livestock carrying capacity of grasslands decreased by 5.4%, the overgrazing worsened by 6.8%, and the living standard of pastoralists widened with that of the whole Country. The factors leading to the expansion include population increase and consumption demand, increases in wildlife, lake expansion and grassland degeneration. The pastoralists' excessive dependence on animal husbandry is the main reason, contributing to more than 65% of the northward expansion. The feasible way to change this local unsustainable development is to make rational use of the ecological tourism function and service value of the protected areas.
Numerical simulation and experimental investigation on tribological performance of SiC surface with squamous groove micro texture
Authors: Na Zhang , Zhentao Li , Muming Hao , Yancong Liu , Baojie Ren , Wang Zengli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo improve the tribological characteristics of the face seal, the squamous groove micro textures with different area proportion and the circular dimple micro texture were designed and manufactured. The disc‐disc friction and wear experiments and numerical simulation were carried out in oil lubrication. The pressure distribution, friction coefficient, fluid temperature and wear morphology are investigated. The study show that the friction coefficients of the micro textured and untextured samples decline with the increase of load, but first increase and then decrease with the rise of rotational speed. Micro textured samples could decline the friction coefficient effectively, and the asymmetric structure in the lubricant inflow and outflow region of the squamous groove micro texture makes it have better tribological performance. In addition, the micro texture can increase heat dissipation area, reduce heat production and collect wear debris, which could modify the lubricant temperature and wear morphology effectively.
Preclinical dosimetry in proton minibeam radiation therapy: Robustness analysis and guidelines
Authors: Ortiz Ramon , De Marzi Ludovic , Prezado Yolanda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeProton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a new radiotherapy approach that has shown a significant increase in the therapeutic window in glioma‐bearing rats compared to conventional proton therapy. The dosimetry of pMBRT is challenging and error prone due to the submillimetric beamlet sizes used. The aim of this study was to perform a robustness analysis on the setup parameters utilized in current preclinical trials and provide guidelines for reproducible dosimetry. The results of this work are intended to guide upcoming implementations of pMBRT worldwide, as well as pave the way for future clinical implementations.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations and experimental data were used to evaluate the impact of variations in setup parameters and uncertainties in collimator specifications on lateral pMBRT dose distributions. The value of each parameter was modified individually to evaluate their effect on dose distributions. Experimental dosimetry was performed by means of high‐resolution detectors, that is, radiochromic films, the IBA Razor and the Microdiamond detector. New guidelines were proposed to optimize the experimental setup in pMBRT studies and perform reproducible dosimetry.ResultsThe sensitivity of dose distributions to uncertainties and variations in setup parameters was quantified. Quantities that define pMBRT lateral profiles (i.e., the peak‐to‐valley dose ratio [PVDR], peak and valley doses, and peak width) are significantly influenced by small‐scale fluctuations in several of those parameters. The setup implemented at the Orsay proton therapy center for pMBRT irradiation was optimized to increase PVDRs and peak symmetry. In addition, we proposed guidelines to perform accurate and reproducible dosimetry in preclinical studies.ConclusionsThis study revealed the importance of adopting guidelines and protocols tailored to the distinct dose delivery method and dose distributions in pMBRT. This new methodology leads to reproducible dosimetry, which is imperative in preclinical trials. The results and guidelines presented in this manuscript can ease the initiation of pMBRT investigations in other centers.
Gadolinium‐based contrast agent attenuation does not impact PET quantification in simultaneous dynamic contrast enhanced breast PET/MR
Authors: Allen Timothy J. , Henze Bancroft Leah C. , Kumar Manoj , Bradshaw Tyler J. , Strigel Roberta M. , McMillan Alan B. , Fowler Amy M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeSimultaneous PET/MR imaging involves injection of a radiopharmaceutical and often also includes administration of a gadolinium‐based contrast agent (GBCA). Phantom model studies indicate that attenuation of annihilation photons by GBCAs does not bias quantification metrics of PET radiopharmaceutical uptake. However, a direct comparison of attenuation‐corrected PET values before and after administration of GBCA has not been performed in patients imaged with simultaneous dynamic PET/MR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attenuating effect of GBCAs on standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in invasive breast cancer and normal tissues using simultaneous PET/MR.MethodsThe study included 13 women with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer imaged using simultaneous dedicated prone breast PET/MR with FDG. PET data collection and two‐point Dixon‐based MR attenuation correction sequences began simultaneously before the administration of GBCA to avoid a potential impact of GBCA on the attenuation correction map. A standard clinical dose of GBCA was intravenously administered for the dynamic contrast enhanced MR sequences obtained during the simultaneous PET data acquisition. PET data were dynamically reconstructed into 60 frames of 30 s each. Three timing windows were chosen consisting of a single frame (30 s), two frames (60 s), or four frames (120 s) immediately before and after contrast administration. SUVmax and SUVmean of the biopsy‐proven breast malignancy, fibroglandular tissue of the contralateral normal breast, descending aorta, and liver were calculated prior to and following GBCA administration. Percent change in the SUV metrics were calculated to test for a statistically significant, non‐zero percent change using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.ResultsNo statistical change in SUVmax or SUVmean was found for the breast malignancies or normal anatomical regions during the timing windows before and after GBCA administration.ConclusionsGBCAs do not significantly impact the results of PET quantification by means of additional attenuation. However, GBCAs may still affect quantification by affecting MR acquisitions used for MR‐based attenuation correction which this study did not address. Corrections to account for attenuation due to clinical concentrations of GBCAs are not necessary in simultaneous PET/MR examinations when MR‐based attenuation correction sequences are performed prior to GBCA administration.
Effects of Counter Anion Type on Melt Rheological Properties of Hyperbranched Polyethylene Ionomers Containing Covalently Bound Quaternary Ammonium Cations
Authors: Chen Mei , Jiang Binbo , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Ye Zhibin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates the effects of counter anions of varying sizes including BF4–, PF6–, SbF6–, and Tf2N– on the rheological properties of a range of hyperbranched polyethylene ionomers containing covalently bound quaternary ammonium cations. While the choice of counter anions has no significant effect on thermal properties, distinct effects on rheological properties have been demonstrated. With the increase of counter anion size in the order from BF4– to PF6–, SbF6–, and Tf2N–, the ionic interactions of the counter anion with the quaternary ammonium ion weaken, leading to reduced terminal relaxation time, zero‐shear viscosity, and flow activation energy. The differences in these properties are most pronounced with the ionomer having Tf2N– counter anion since it is significantly larger than the others.
Cost‐effective in‐mine seismic experiments to image platinum deposits and associated geological structures at Maseve platinum mine, South Africa
Authors: Rapetsoa Moyagabo K. , Manzi Musa S.D. , Westgate Michael , Sihoyiya Mpofana , James Ian , Onyebueke Emmanuel , Kubeka Phumlani , Durrheim Raymond J. , Kgarume Thabang 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe detection of mineral deposits and their related geological structures is of great importance to the mining industry as structures (such as dykes and faults) can affect the safety, cost and efficiency of mining. With the goal of testing cost‐effective seismic methods for mineral exploration and mining, active and passive seismic experiments were conducted at Maseve platinum mine in the Bushveld Complex (South Africa) in 2020. The experiments involved surface‐passive (using 5 Hz wireless nodes; single vertical component) and in‐mine active reflection seismic surveys (using 4.5 Hz land streamer and 5 kg sledgehammer) to image geological structures and delineate economic platinum‐group elements bearing Merensky and Upper Group‐2 chromitite layers (known as reefs). This paper presents only the results from the in‐mine active seismic experiments. The in‐mine seismic surveys consisted of seven 2D reflection seismic profiles in the development tunnels, which were located ∼550 m below ground surface and a few tens of metres above known mineralizations: the Upper Group‐2 and Merensky Reef. The data were carefully processed to enhance the reflections and suppress noise generated by mine infrastructure (e.g., equipment and ventilation). We successfully imaged the Merensky Reef and Upper Group‐2 orebodies approximately 55 m and 124 m below the tunnel floor, respectively, and delineated faults and dykes that crosscut them. Furthermore, the seismic data reveal relatively strong amplitude and faulted reflections below the Upper Group‐2 that may represent deeper chromitite‐enriched orebodies. However, the economic value of these horizons can only be confirmed through drilling. The processed seismic data were combined with borehole data, synthetic modelling and geological models to constrain the interpretation. This study encourages the use of in‐mine seismics for future mineral exploration, mine development and planning.
Use of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders and subsequent prenatal care and diagnostic testing
Authors: Bunnell Megan E. , Dobson Lori J. , Lanes Andrea , Ginsburg Elizabeth S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic or single gene defects (PGT‐M) is to identify inherited pathogenic variants in the embryo prior to embryo transfer, increasing the likelihood of an unaffected child. Prenatal diagnostic testing is recommended to confirm the results of PGT‐M. The purpose of this study was to characterize the population undergoing PGT‐M over time.MethodsThis retrospective study examined patients who had a positive pregnancy test after PGT‐M from 2012 to 2019. A query of the internal assisted reproductive technology database and chart review were used.ResultsOne hundred and 42 patients completed IVF cycles for PGT‐M during this time period and progressed past 10 weeks gestation. There were more PGT‐M cycles over time with 46 cycles between 2012 and 2015 and 96 cycles between 2016 and 2019. Patients varied on the decision to pursue prenatal diagnostic testing after PGT‐M. For those with known follow‐up (130/142), 16 patients underwent diagnostic testing (12%) and 114 did not.ConclusionAs PGT‐M is increasingly utilized prior to pregnancy, it is important for genetic counselors and OB/GYNs to understand the characteristics and outcomes of the population of patients undergoing PGT‐M, including how to counsel about the residual risk of an affected pregnancy after PGT‐M.
Mutagenesis of cyclotide Cter 27 exemplifies a robust folding strategy for bracelet cyclotides
Authors: Dang Tien T. , Harvey Peta J. , Chan Lai Yue , Huang Yen‐Hua , Kaas Quentin , Craik David J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn contrast to Möbius and trypsin inhibitor cyclotides, members of the bracelet subfamily are typically intractable to chemical synthesis and folding. In a significant advance in the field, the bracelet cyclotides ribe 33 and Cter 27 were successfully produced synthetically in moderate yield in a recent study. That synthetic method was a breakthrough as members of the bracelet subfamily of cyclotides had hitherto eluded attempts to be synthetically produced, apart from one report of cyO2 production in which a complicated folding strategy was used. In the current study the successful in vitro folding of three mutants of bracelet cyclotide Cter 27 is reported. This study broadens our understanding of the folding of bracelet cyclotides and elucidates the three dimensional structure of synthetic Cter 27, providing a new class of cyclotide molecular grafting scaffold for drug design applications.
Controllable synthesis of CO2‐based poly(carbonate‐ether)diols catalyzed by Salen–cobalt complex
Authors: Fan Chaogang , Lu Shujuan , Ge Qingyun , Lin Shaohui , Pan Qinmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn our research, the terpolymerization of CO2 and epoxides was realized and the poly(carbonate‐ether)diols were successfully synthesized by the catalysis of Salen–metal complex with the non‐nucleophilic anion, in which the alternated polycarbonate is generally produced. The poly(carbonate‐ether)diols with Mns between 1100 and 8100 g mol−1 and carbonate units (CU) between 31.3% and 52.9% were obtained by tuning temperature, CO2 pressure, time and water addition. Especially the oligo(carbonate‐ether)diols with Mns below 2000 g mol−1 and CU over 40% could be obtained, which were ideal starting materials for polyurethane synthesis and novel CO2‐based polymers with high potential.
Paradoxical issues in eradicating opium cultivation in Myanmar: A perspective from local farmers’ voices
Authors: Luong Hai T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSupporting drug‐producing communities in alternative livelihoods from harm reduction activists is a common practice in Myanmar and other drug‐producing countries. And yet, the voices of opium farmers are rarely heard. This paper assesses why Myanmar farmers continue to grow opium poppy and analyzes their current concerns and the practical challenges in eradicating opium cultivation in Myanmar. This analysis combines field observations and secondary data from the Myanmar Opium Farmers' Forum (2013–2019) statements. The findings show five main reasons to cultivate poppy, as well as eight practical concerns of farmers relating to (1) rights to access land, (2) threats of insurgency groups, (3) forced eradication without alternative plans, (4) unsustainability in alternative developments, and (5) limitations of farmers’ rights to be involved in drug policy changes. The paper calls for further attention of policymakers and stakeholders to clarify these paradoxical issues with relevant proposals to support local farmers while implementing drug policy reform in Myanmar. The author argues for a balance of the national drug control strategies (supply, demand, and harm reduction) with opium farmers’ rights to encourage a harmonious relationship between both sides should be the new roadmap for drug reform in Myanmar.