bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of simvastatin 1.2% gel and alendronate 1% gel in chronic periodontitis as local drug delivery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shetty Bhavya , Karegowda Pallavi , Khan Safiya Fatima , Yadalam Umesh , Nambiar Manjusha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Simvastatin (SMV) is used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Long-term systemic administration of SMV has been shown to result in increased bone mineral density. Alendronate (ALN) is known to inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption and has osteostimulative properties.

Aim:
To compare percentile changes in gain in clinical attachment level and reduction of pocket depth, and to radiographically evaluate osseous defect fill with subgingival local drug delivery of 1.2% SMV gel and 1% ALN gel.

Materials and Methods:
A split-mouth study was conducted with 40 infrabony defects from 20 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. The sites were assigned as test site 1 (SMV gel) or test site 2 (ALN gel). After phase I therapy, a single application of SMV gel or ALN gel was done into periodontal pockets. Clinical periodontal parameters and percentage of bone fill were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months.

Results:
There was a statistically significant reduction in pocket depth, plaque index, and bleeding index scores, gain in Clinical attachment level (CAL) and bone defect fill from baseline to 6 months at both sites. On comparison between the groups, test site 2 showed significant improvement in clinical attachment level than in test site 1 at 6-month follow-up. Test site 2 showed more percentage bone fill than test site 1.

Conclusion:
Usage of both SMV and ALN gels in periodontal intra bony defects can lead to significant improvements in clinical and radiographic parameters; however, ALN showed better osseous defect fill.
Effect of an educational intervention on manual toothbrush bristle wear: A light microscopic study
Authors: Bhole Siddhi Shekhar , Vibhute Nupura A. , Belgaumi Uzma , Kadashetti Vidya , Bommanavar Sushma , Kamate Wasim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
The usage of a toothbrush with the most appropriate bristle type and a correct brushing technique are the most important factors in determining the thoroughness of plaque control. The dental undergraduate course conventionally does not impart tooth brushing techniques in the preclinical years. This study aimed to assess the effect of an educational intervention of correct tooth brushing technique on the wear of toothbrush bristles by light microscopic examination amongst the budding dental professionals.

Materials and Methods:
Toothbrush bristle wear was measured by light microscopy before and after an educational intervention amongst 30 first-year dental professional students. Wear index (WI), wear rate (WR), and acceptable percentage of bristle end morphology were calculated. Mann–Whitney U-statistics test and unpaired t-test were used to compare measurements of acceptable percentage and gender wise, respectively. The difference was said to be significant if P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean WI before intervention was 0.29 ± 0.122 and after the intervention was 0.23 ± 0.07, while the mean WR before intervention was 1.6 ± 0.167 and after the intervention was 1.17 ± 0.46% of bristle end morphology before intervention was 52.5 ± 10.064 and after intervention was 64.5 ± 5.625 with the difference being statistically significant with P < 0.05.

Interpretations and Conclusion:
The present study highlights the importance of imparting a correct tooth brushing technique in reducing the toothbrush bristle wear and improving the efficiency of the toothbrush in maintaining optimum oral hygiene. Early intervention of correct oral hygiene measures is especially prudent for the budding dental professional for future healthcare delivery to the general population.
The Influence of Pin Material and Coatings on the Incidence of Pin Site Infection after External Fixation
Authors: Arveladze Samson , Moriarty Fintan , Jennison Toby 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
External fixation is used for a wide variety of surgical treatments. The transcutaneous pins used in external fixation, however, provide a route for bacterial migration from the external to subcutaneous space, and high rates of pin site infection have been reported. The material of which the pin is composed, or any surface coating that is applied, may significantly influence tissue integration and pin site infection. However, clinical data are scarce. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the clinical evidence for the role of pin material, and surface coatings, on the incidence of infection at external fixator pin sites.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review was performed following registration with PROSPERO. A search was performed using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. Inclusion criteria were (1) recorded diagnosis of infection, (2) involved external fixation, (3) any bone, (4) English language, (5) human subjects, (5) pin material known, and (6) all levels of evidence. All stages of the review process were performed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model meta-analysis to produce odds ratios. Study bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool Rob II. Strength of evidence was based on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons methodology for defining the strength of recommendation.

Results:
After exclusion, 8 studies were further analyzed. One study compared stainless steel and titanium with an odds ratio of 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.70–2.70). Three studies compared stainless steel to hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated pins with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% CI: −0.52–1.02). Two studies analyzed titanium compared to HA-coated pins with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% CI: −4.25–6.48). Two studies analyzed silver compared to stainless steel with an odds ratio of 0.12 (95% CI: −0.89–1.12). However, the strength of evidence was limited for all studies. Overall, 0 studies had a low risk of bias, 4 studies had an unknown risk of bias, and 4 studies had a high risk of bias.

Conclusion:
There is currently limited evidence of the effect of different pin material or coatings on the incidence of pin site infection, with the available studies showing contrasting results. Further high-quality and adequately powered studies are required to provide definitive guidance.
The Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision and Visual Impairment in School-Aged Children
Authors: Talebnejad Mohammad Reza , Khalili Mohammad Reza , Tajbakhsh Zahra , Masoumpour Masoumeh Beygom , Mahdaviazad Hamideh , Mohammadi Elham , Keshtkar Maryam , Nowroozzadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) in Shiraz schoolchildren aged between 6 and 12 years.

Methods:
In the present population-based study, stratified random sampling was used to select 2400 schoolchildren aged 6–12 years from all four educational districts of Shiraz, Iran. Using the definitions of the World Health Organization, VI was defined as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤0.5 logMAR (20/60) in the better eye, and blindness as BCVA worse than 1.3 logMAR (20/400) in the better eye. The low vision was defined as BCVA equal to or worse than 0.5 logMAR (20/60) in either eye. Data were recorded from a detailed interview and ocular examination of each eligible student.

Results:
The mean age of the students was 9.1 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of VI was 3/2001 (0.14%). The cause of VI in all these three patients (100%) was amblyopia due to high refractive errors (high ametropia and astigmatism). Regarding the main refractive errors leading to VI among these three patients, one patient had bilateral high hyperopia (compound hyperopic astigmatism), one of them had bilateral high astigmatism, and the other one had compound myopic astigmatism. According to a visual acuity of less than or equal to 20/60 in at least one eye, 9/2001 (0.4%) of children had low vision.

Conclusions:
This study revealed a low prevalence of VI in a sample of 6- to 12-year-old school-aged children. Amblyopia in the setting of high ametropia and astigmatism were the most common causes of VI.
Segmentation Error Correction of the Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Images in Peer-Reviewed Studies
Authors: Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi , Anvari Pasha , Alemzadeh Sayyed Amirpooya , Moghaddam Mohammad Mehdi Johari , Habibi Abbas , Ashrafkhorasani Maryam 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:To assess the percentage of published articles reporting optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics regarding the report of segmentation error correction.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted using the PubMed database for articles on OCTA imaging published between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2021. All original articles reporting at least one of the OCTA metrics were extracted. The article text was reviewed for the segmentation correction strategy. In addition, the number of articles that mentioned the lack of segmentation error correction as a limitation of the study was recorded.Results:From the initial 5288 articles, 1559 articles were included for detailed review. One hundred ninety-six articles (12.57%) used manual correction for segmentation errors. Of the remaining articles, 589 articles (37.8%) excluded images with significant segmentation errors, and 99 articles (6.3%) mentioned segmentation errors as a limitation of their study. The rest of the articles (675, 43.3%) did not address the segmentation error. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that ignorance of segmentation error was significantly associated with lower journal ranks, earlier years of publication and disease category of age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma (allP< 0.001).Conclusions:A significant proportion of peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, disregarded the segmentation error correction. The conclusions of such studies should be interpreted with caution. Editors, reviewers, and authors of OCTA articles should pay special attention to the correction of segmentation errors.
Unilateral Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with Inactivated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination
Authors: Abrishami Mojtaba , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Shoeibi Nasser , Heidarzadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To report unilateral acute-onset central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) following vaccination with inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in a healthy patient.

Methods:
Case report and review of literature.

Results:
A 39-year-old male was referred with sudden-onset, painless, unilateral blurred vision in the right eye. His first dose of the Sinopharm vaccine was injected 2 days before. A complete ocular examination revealed central subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulation in favor of CSC in the right eye. Systemic workup disclosed no previous COVID-19 infection or any systemic involvement. After 3 weeks, SRF decreased remarkably without treatment.

Conclusions:
It is proposed that CSC development can be an ocular adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination, although it is infrequent. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and ocular adverse effects, but vaccination is the best effectual measure against COVID-19.
Incidence of Glaucoma after Combined Descemet's Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty and Retropupillary Fixated Iris-Claw Lens
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Mohan Gandrapu Poojitha , Srirampur Arjun , Pesala Veerendranath 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To assess the incidence of glaucoma after combined Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) and retropupillary fixated iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the patients with bullous keratopathy (BK) who required secondary IOL or IOL exchange.

Methods:
In this retrospective case series, medical records of 22 patients who underwent combined DSEK and retropupillary fixated iris-claw IOL implantation were evaluated. Preoperative vision, intraocular pressure (IOP), postoperative IOP at different time periods, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 22 eyes of 22 patients (7 females and 15 males) were analyzed. The median age was 62 years, and the median duration of the postoperative follow-up was 106.5 days. The corrected distance visual acuity improved from a median of 1.85 logMAR to 1.68 logMAR. None of the patients had intraoperative complications. Three patients (13.6%) had dislocation of the donor tissue on the 1st postoperative day and were successfully rebubbled. Six eyes (27.3%) had graft failure and required penetrating keratoplasty. Eleven eyes (50%) had a sustained rise in the IOP, of which 2 (9.09%) had ocular hypertension and 9 eyes (40.9%) progressed to glaucoma.

Conclusions:
DSEK combined with retropupillary fixated iris-claw lens is a good surgical option for the management of aphakic/pseudophakic BK in patients who require secondary IOL or IOL exchange. Regular IOP monitoring after the surgery is an essential, as there is a risk of IOP rise and glaucoma in the postoperative period. Clinicians should be vigilant and control the IOP to prevent glaucoma progression.
Association of Resolved Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Lesions with Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Burnasheva Maria A. 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the association between paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) lesions and diabetic retinopathy (DR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
Thirteen diabetic patients without DR, 13 patients with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), 18 patients with moderate-to-severe NPDR, and 20 patients with proliferative DR (PDR) were included in this retrospective study. For each patient, 6 mm × 6 mm macular OCTA scans of both eyes were reviewed for the presence of acute and resolved PAMM lesions.

Results:
Among diabetic patients with and without DR, 49 (94.9%) and 7 (53.8%) patients demonstrated small resolved PAMM lesions, respectively. The odds ratio for the presence of resolved PAMM lesions in the eye with DR compared to the eye of diabetic patient without DR was 21.8 (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval 7.0–67.8). In the mild NPDR group, moderate-to-severe NPDR group, and the PDR group, 11 (84.6%), 18 (100.0%), and 20 (100.0%) patients demonstrated resolved PAMM lesions, respectively. There was a statistically significant increasing prevalence of PAMM lesions as the severity of DR increased (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Small resolved PAMM lesions are a common form of ischemic retinal lesions in DR.
A Randomized Study comparing Intraoperative Ultrasound and Palpatory Method in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Singh Chandrashekhar , Kumar Deepak , Chintamani  
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) against the conventional palpatory method in terms of margin status after breast conservation surgery (BCS) for breast cancer.

Methods:
The randomized study was conducted at the Department of Surgery along with Department of Pathology and Radiology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi, India, from January 2017 to June 2018. Eighty patients requiring BCS with histopathological confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer Stage I/II were included and randomized into group IOUS (n = 40) and palpatory method group (n = 40). IOUS was done by an ultrasound probe, palpatory method was done by two fingers and BCS was done at 1 cm from the free margins. The BCS specimen obtained was labeled and sent for histopathology. The histopathological report for tumor-free margin was compared with IOUS and intraoperative palpatory method.

Results:
Demographic (age and menopausal status) and clinical characteristics (tumor stage, tumor side, estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor positive, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 neu negative) of the two groups were comparable (P > 0.05). Compared to the palpation method group, the IOUS group had lesser involved margins (15% vs. 30%) but statistically, it was comparable (P = 0.1104). There were comparable postoperative surgical complications, such as wound infection (5% vs. 2.5%), seroma (2.5% vs. 5%), and hematoma (0% vs. 2.5%) (P = 0.55) among the two groups.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative ultrasonography is a novel method that allows superiority of tumor margin negativity in comparison to the conventional palpatory method after BCS.
Yeast Cells Provide a New Approach to Interpretation of Genetic Instability Mechanism
Authors: Evstratova Ekaterina , Mishra Kaushala Prasad , Petin Vladislav , Tolkaeva Mariia 
Published: December 2022

Context:
Evidence of yeast cell genetic instability are presented. The genetic instability of wild-type yeast cells and their radiosensitive mutants are compared. DNA damage and its repair are not responsible for genetic instability triggering. Identity of relative biological effectiveness values for cell survival and genetic instability was demonstrated for yeast cells with various ability to repair radiation damage.

Aim:
To demonstrate yeast cells provide a new approach to the interpretation of genetic instability mechanism.

Materials and Methods:
The following haploid and their homozygous diploid yeast strains of wild-type and radiosensitive mutants have been used – 211-1a (radiation absorbed dose [RAD]) and 211 (RAD/RAD), S288C (RAD) and XS800 (RAD/RAD), XS774-4d (rad51) and XS806 (rad51/rad51), g160/2d (rad52) and XS1898 (rad52/rad52), g218/7c (rad54) and XS1879 (rad54/rad54), 5a3bα (RAD/RAD). Megri-139-B (RAD/RAD). Cells were irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and with 239Pu α-particles. Genetic instability was quantitatively evaluated by the percentage of colonies formed after control.

Results:
Cells from colonies produced by control and irradiated cells at 1, 2, and 3 days after control were characterized by increased radiosensitivity, enhanced number of morphologically changed colonies, and the content of nonviable cells. Cell ploidy, not the ability of cells to recover from radiation damage, determines genetic instability – both resistant and radiosensitive diploid cells, in contrast to haploid ones, reveal the greatest genetic instability (100% vs. 20%).

Conclusion:
A possible mechanism for the delayed colony formation may be defects in the chromosomes, which are more lethal for haploid rather than diploid yeast cells. That is why genetic instability is more pronounced for diploid rather than haploid strains.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of GallBladder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Biswas Rituparna , Halder Anirban , Roy Manas Pratim 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of gallbladder (GB) is a rare malignancy with a distinct clinicopathological spectrum compared to its adenocarcinoma variant. Owing to the scarcity of cases, a detailed course of it remains unknown.

Search Methodology:
A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Google Scholar was done to find all articles pertaining to pure SCC of GB. Individual patient data analysis and meta-analysis of 94 patients, data of whom gathered from 72 selected articles, were done to understand demography, patterns of care, prognostic variables, and survival outcome.

Results:
Female propensity was found with a median age of 64 years for the entire cohort. Cholelithiasis was frequently found (80.7%). Symptomatology was nonspecific, patients often presented with features of acute cholecystitis. In many instances, tumor was not found on imaging too, instead when simple cholecystectomy was attempted for cholelithiasis, cancer was eventually diagnosed per or postoperatively. No specific tumor marker was found. Tumors were usually bulky (average size = 6.58 cm) with extensive loco-regional spread and significant adjacent organ infiltration (advanced T and N stage), upfront metastases were unusual though (13.8%). The median survival of the presented cohort was 7 months (follow up period ranged from 1 to 120 months). The median disease-free survival was 6 months and an estimated 1, 3 and 5 years survival were 41.8%, 14.5%, and 11%, respectively. Surprisingly, 3 patients lived for 10 years and beyond, among them 2 had an early stage disease but one had T4 disease yet survived with radical surgery alone. Kaplan–Meier univariate survival analysis revealed that radical cholecystectomy (involving resection of GB, liver bed, involved organ and loco regional lymph nodes) with R0 margin and size of tumor ≤6.58 cm were associated with better survival.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that radical cholecystectomy with R0 margin is crucial for favourable outcome. However, despite that, the outcome stays dismal. Focus on adjuvant therapies including chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the need of the hour.
Quick and easy game bot detection based on action time interval estimation
Authors: Kang Yong Goo , Kim Huy Kang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGame bots are illegal programs that facilitate account growth and goods acquisition through continuous and automatic play. Early detection is required to minimize the damage caused by evolving game bots. In this study, we propose a game bot detection method based on action time intervals (ATIs). We observe the actions of the bots in a game and identify the most frequently occurring actions. We extract the frequency, ATI average, and ATI standard deviation for each identified action, which is to used as machine learning features. Furthermore, we measure the performance using actual logs of the Aion game to verify the validity of the proposed method. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method are 97% and 100%, respectively. Results show that the game bots can be detected early because the proposed method performs well using only data from a single day, which shows similar performance with those proposed in a previous study using the same dataset. The detection performance of the model is maintained even after 2 months of training without any revision process.
RISCOS DE CONTAMINAÇÃO POR ACIDENTES DE TRABALHO COM MATERIAIS PERFURO-CORTANTES NA ÁREA DA SAÚDE
Authors: Carriel Thiago Contes , Cardoso Adilson Lopes 
Published: December 2022

O presente estudo analisou os ricos de contaminação por acidentes de trabalho com material perfuro e cortante entre técnico de enfermagem auxiliar e enfermeiros. Para o presente estudo, foi utilizada a pesquisa de revisão de literatura, através da exploração das fontes bibliográficas, como livros, revistas cientificas, boletins, teses e relatórios de pesquisa entre os anos de 2011 e 2017. Concluiu-se que as precauções padrão são a melhor alternativa para a preservação da saúde dos trabalhadores expostos ao risco biológicos, porem muitas das vezes a ocorrência de acidentes e atribuídas somente ao não seguimentos destas normas, deixando de lado muitos outros fatores que também contribuem para os acidentes, como a sobrecarga de trabalho, a falta de treinamento, inexperiência, indisponibilidade de equipamentos de segurança, cansaço, repetitividade de tarefas, dupla jornada de trabalho, entre outros.