bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of multifunctional silicon‐phosphorus acrylate particles for the simultaneous improvement of the flame retardancy and mechanical performance of polylactic acid
Authors: Gao Xueyu , Yan Li , Sang Xiaoming 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable plastic that currently has limited application owing to its poor fire resistance and brittleness. Herein, a multifunctional silicon‐phosphorus acrylic resin(P/Si‐ACR) is designed to endow both flame retardancy and toughness to PLA. P/Si‐ACR is prepared by seeded emulsion polymerization with polysiloxane as the core layer and diethyl methylphosphonate acrylate and 9, 10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphophenanthrene‐10‐oxide acrylate as the shell materials. P/Si‐ACR has a particle size of approximately 200 nm and glass transition temperatures of −38 and 152°C for the core and shell layers, respectively. Addition of 7 wt% P/Si‐ACR to PLA increases the notched impact strength and elongation at break by 124% and 46%, respectively. This improved mechanical performance is due to the elasticity of silicone rubber and the promotion of crystallization by P/Si‐ACR. Combustion testing revealed that the limiting oxygen index increases from 19.1% to 22.5%, while the peak heat release rate decreases by 36%. This enhanced flame retardancy is due to the synergistic effect of phosphorus and silicon, with the former promoting graphitization and inhibiting the free radical degradation of PLA, and the latter stabilizing the char residue. Therefore, P/Si‐ACR is a promising multifunctional modifier that can achieve an optimal balance among flame retardancy, crystallization performance, and toughness in polymers.
J.D. Salinger and the moral wounds of war
Authors: Allen Thomas E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines Salinger's novel Catcher in the Rye for some insight into a soldier's psychological reactions to prolonged exposure to combat. Salinger was a heroic survivor of some of the worst battles on the Western Front, starting with landing on the beaches of Normandy and ending with the Nazi surrender. He is also an example of how the experience of war effects young men who fight in it. Salinger was very reluctant to talk about his wartime experiences except with others who shared the same experience, as is common among combat veterans. The author of this paper believes that clues to the impact of the war on Salinger can be found, in disguised form, in his writing, especially in Catcher, which Salinger worked on throughout the war, and for 6 years after it. This paper also looks at the nature of the “moral wound” now of much interest and where that wound may be located in the psyche.
Genicular Nerve Block for Pain Management in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Shanahan Ernst M. , Robinson Lucinda , Lyne Suellen , Woodman Richard , Cai Fin , Dissanayake Kokum , Paddick Kate , Cheung Giovanna , Voyvodic Frank 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of ultrasound‐guided genicular nerve block (GNB) for the management of knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsWe performed a 12‐week parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled randomized trial of GNB. Within 2 weeks of randomization, patients with knee osteoarthritis in the active arm received 3 injections of 5.7 mg celestone chronodose (1 ml) and 0.5% bupivacaine (3 ml) to the inferomedial, superomedial, and superolateral genicular nerves; patients with knee osteoarthritis in the placebo arm received injections of normal saline. At baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12, patients recorded their pain and disability on a 100‐mm visual analog scale (VAS) (the primary outcome measure), the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain scale. Statistical significance was set at a 2‐sided Type I error of α = 0.0125 for comparisons at each of the 4 time points. We used a global perceived effect scale to measure patient satisfaction.ResultsThe 59 patients (36 female, 23 male) who completed the trial had a mean ± SD age of 68.2 ± 8.6 years. Patients in the active group reported improvements in pain scores at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks with a diminution of the effect over time. VAS scores at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 8, and 12 in the active group (n = 31) versus placebo group (n = 28) were 6.2 versus 5.3 (P = 0.294), 2.7 versus 4.7 (P < 0.001), 3.2 versus 5.1 (P < 0.001), 3.9 versus 4.9 (P < 0.001), and 4.6 versus 5.1 (P = 0.055), respectively. Total WOMAC scores at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 in the active group versus the placebo group were 54.5 versus 48.1 (P = 0.177), 32.9 versus 44.4 (P < 0.001), 33.7 versus 45.8 (P < 0.001), 39.2 versus 44.8 (P = 0.001), and 42.65 versus 45.1 (P = 0.012), respectively.ConclusionGNB offers short‐term pain relief for knee osteoarthritis.
A Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Phase III Extension Trial of the Long‐Term Safety and Tolerability of Anifrolumab in Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kalunian Kenneth C. , Furie Richard , Morand Eric F. , Bruce Ian N. , Manzi Susan , Tanaka Yoshiya , Winthrop Kevin , Hupka Ihor , Zhang Lijin (Jinny) , Werther Shanti , Abreu Gabriel , Hultquist Micki , Tummala Raj , Lindholm Catharina , Al‐Mossawi Hussein 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo explore long‐term safety and tolerability of anifrolumab 300 mg compared with placebo in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who completed a Treatment of Uncontrolled Lupus via the Interferon Pathway (TULIP) trial and enrolled in the placebo‐controlled 3‐year long‐term extension (LTE) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02794285).MethodsIn the blinded LTE study, patients continued anifrolumab 300 mg, switched from anifrolumab 150 mg to 300 mg, or were re‐randomized from placebo to receive either anifrolumab 300 mg or to continue placebo, administered every 4 weeks. Primary comparisons in the LTE study were between patients who received anifrolumab 300 mg or placebo throughout the TULIP and LTE studies. For rare safety events, comparisons included patients who received any anifrolumab dose during TULIP or LTE. When exposure differed, exposure‐adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) per 100 patient‐years were calculated.ResultsIn the LTE study, EAIRs of serious adverse events (SAEs) were 8.5 with anifrolumab compared with 11.2 with placebo; likewise, EAIRs of AEs leading to treatment discontinuation were 2.5 versus 3.2, respectively. EAIRs of non‐opportunistic serious infections were comparable between groups (3.7 with anifrolumab versus 3.6 with placebo). Exposure‐adjusted event rates of COVID‐related AEs, including asymptomatic infections, were 15.5 with anifrolumab compared with 9.8 with placebo. No COVID‐related AEs occurred in fully vaccinated individuals. EAIRs of malignancy and major acute cardiovascular events were low and comparable between groups. Anifrolumab was associated with lower cumulative glucocorticoid use and greater mean improvement in the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000, compared with placebo.ConclusionThis LTE study represents the longest placebo‐controlled clinical trial performed in SLE to date. No new safety findings were identified in the LTE study, supporting the favorable benefit–risk profile of anifrolumab for patients with moderate‐to‐severe SLE receiving standard therapy.image
An enhanced two‐quantile Wilks methodology for engineering uncertainty analysis
Authors: van Dorp Johan René , Shittu Ekundayo , Rabiti Cristian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractComplex computational engineering uncertainty analyses have become more prevalent. When input parameters of such engineering models are uncertain, the output metric's uncertainty distribution is of an unknown parametric form. Since Wilks' method, named after the seminal paper by SS Wilks in 1941 entitled “Determination of sample sizes for setting tolerance limits”, is a nonparametric statistical procedure, it has received renewed interest, in particular in nuclear and chemical safety engineering. Unfortunately, the prevailing Wilks' method applied relies on arbitrary specification of order statistics' ranks with undue influence on the sample size recommendations that follow. Herein, a novel modification of Wilks' method involving two quantiles is proposed resolving that arbitrary rank selection. Together with a confidence level to be exceeded, these quantiles uniquely determine the parameters of an order statistics' beta distribution which drive the selection of symmetric tolerance limits. The modified procedure is demonstrated in two illustrative engineering uncertainty analysis examples drawn from the nuclear and chemical engineering domains.
A list of guest‐star records in Korean history and their possible counterparts
Authors: Park Jaegeun , Jeon Junhyeok , An Hongjun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report on guest‐star events recorded in Korean history in the period between A.D. 154 and 1807. We search five books, namely Joseonwangjosillok, Seungjeongwonilgi, Jeungbomoonheonbigo, Goryeosa, and Samguksagi for “guest star” and find 37 events. Seventeen of the guest stars are almost certainly comets as identified previously and are not astrophysical transient events of our interest; we list them for completeness but do not discuss them in detail. We review the historical recordings and the previous interpretations of the guest‐star events and scrutinize them in order to better identify the guest stars. We infer the positions of 11 events and compare them to astrophysical objects in up‐to‐date catalogues of possible remnants of transient events: supernova remnants, pulsars, magnetars, novae, and cataclysmic variables. We consider the positions and visibility of the astrophysical events, select possible counterparts, and present a list of them for the guest stars with an inferred position.
Influenza vaccination during pregnancy and risk of selected major structural congenital heart defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 2006–2011
Authors: Palmsten Kristin , Suhl Jonathan , Conway Kristin M. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Scholz Thomas D. , Ailes Elizabeth C. , Cragan Janet D. , Nestoridi Eirini , Papadopoulos Eleni A. , Kerr Stephen M. , Young Sean G. , Olson Christine , Romitti Paul A. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough results from studies of first‐trimester influenza vaccination and congenital heart defects (CHDs) have been reassuring, data are limited for specific CHDs.MethodsWe assessed associations between reported maternal influenza vaccination, 1 month before pregnancy (B1) through end of third pregnancy month (P3), and specific CHDs using data from a multisite, population‐based case–control study. Analysis included 2,982 case children diagnosed with a simple CHD (no other cardiac involvement with or without extracardiac defects) and 4,937 control children without a birth defect with estimated delivery dates during 2006–2011. For defects with ≥5 exposed case children, we used logistic regression to estimate propensity score‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for estimated delivery year and season; plurality; and maternal age at delivery, race/ethnicity, low folate intake, and smoking and alcohol use during B1P3.ResultsOverall, 124 (4.2%) simple CHD case mothers and 197 (4.0%) control mothers reported influenza vaccination from 1 month before through the third pregnancy month. The aOR for any simple CHD was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.76–1.23). Adjusted ORs for specific simple CHDs ranged from 0.62 for hypoplastic left heart syndrome to 2.34 for total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). All adjusted CIs included the null except for TAPVR.ConclusionsAlthough we cannot fully exclude that exposure misclassification may have masked risks for some CHDs, findings add to existing evidence supporting the safety of inactivated influenza vaccination during pregnancy. The TAPVR result may be due to chance, but it may help inform future studies.
Gestational exposure to triphenyl phosphate induces epigenetic modifications in C57Bl/6 fetal liver
Authors: Shafique Sidra , Wolpert Sydney H. , Philbrook Nicola A. , Winn Louise M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionTriphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a chemical flame retardant and plasticizer which is added to consumer and industrial products. The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis postulate that in utero exposures can have later‐in‐life effects on the developing fetus and can alter fetal gene expression. This study aimed to determine whether epigenetic modifications occurred following in utero TPHP exposure in mice and whether these changes were dose and/or sex‐dependent.MethodsPregnant C57Bl/6 mice were treated with 0, 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg of TPHP on gestational days (GD) 8, 10, 12, and 14 via intraperitoneal injection and fetal livers were collected on GD 19. Changes in the levels of acetylation of H3 and H4, as well as methylation of H3K9 and global DNA methylation were assessed in the fetal livers by western blot.ResultsResults showed that there was a significant decrease in fetal DNA methylation following in utero exposure to 50 mg/kg TPHP compared to the control (0 mg/kg) independent of the sex of the fetus. While there were no significant alterations compared to controls in any histone modifications at any dose or sex following in utero TPHP exposure, we did note a decrease (t test, p = .025) in the levels of acetylated H3 in males versus females following a maternal dose of 25 mg/kg. The monomethylated H3K9 levels were also increased in females versus males following exposure to TPHP at 5 mg/kg (p = .018) and 25 mg/kg (p = .027) when analyzed via unpaired t tests, although not significantly different from controls.DiscussionThe results suggest that gestational TPHP exposure can induce epigenetic modifications in murine fetal tissue. Specifically, global DNA methylation levels were downregulated in response to TPHP. Additionally, males appear to be more sensitive to TPHP‐induced histone modifications than females. These data support the need for further studies investigating the impacts of gestational TPHP exposure on the developing fetus.
Prevalence of vascular disruption anomalies and association with young maternal age: A EUROCAT study to compare the United Kingdom with other European countries
Authors: Morris Joan K. , Wellesley Diana , Limb Elizabeth , Bergman Jorieke E. H. , Kinsner‐Ovaskainen Agnieszka , Addor Marie Claude , Broughan Jennifer M. , Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , Dias Carlos M. , Echevarría‐González‐de‐Garibay Luis‐Javier , Gatt Miriam , Haeusler Martin , Barisic Ingeborg , Klungsoyr Kari , Lelong Nathalie , Materna‐Kiryluk Anna , Neville Amanda , Nelen Vera , O'Mahony Mary T. , Perthus Isabelle , Pierini Anna , Rankin Judith , Rissmann Anke , Rouget Florence , Sayers Geraldine , Stevens Sarah , Tucker David , Garne Ester 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundYounger mothers are at a greater risk of having a pregnancy with gastroschisis and the risk is higher in the United Kingdom than other European countries. Gastroschisis is thought to be a vascular disruption anomaly and the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of other possible vascular disruption anomalies to determine whether both the younger maternal age and the UK associations also occur with these anomalies.MethodsAll pregnancies with anomalies considered potentially due to vascular disruption from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 from 26 European population‐based congenital anomaly registries who were members of EUROCAT were analyzed. Multilevel models were used to allow for differences between registries when analyzing associations with maternal age, year of birth and whether the registry was in the United Kingdom.ResultsThere were 5,220 cases with potential vascular disruption anomalies, excluding chromosomal and genetic conditions, with a prevalence of 8.85 per 10,000 births in the United Kingdom and 5.44 in the other European countries. The prevalence per 10,000 births of gastroschisis (4.45 vs. 1.56) and congenital constriction bands (0.83 vs. 0.42) was significantly higher in the United Kingdom, even after adjusting for maternal age. However, transverse limb reduction defects had a similar prevalence (2.16 vs. 2.14 per 10,000). The expected increased prevalence in younger mothers was observed for vascular disruption anomalies overall and for the individual anomalies: gastroschisis and congenital constriction bands.ConclusionVascular disruption anomalies that had an increased risk for younger mothers (such as gastroschisis) had a higher maternal age standardized prevalence in the United Kingdom, while vascular disruption anomalies with weaker associations with younger mothers (such as transverse limb reduction defects) did not have an increased prevalence in the United Kingdom, which may indicate a different etiology for these anomalies.
Plasmalogens and platelet‐activating factor roles in chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Tremblay Marie‐Ève , Almsherqi Zakaria A. , Deng Yuru 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFatty acids and phospholipid molecules are essential for determining the structure and function of cell membranes, and they hence participate in many biological processes. Platelet activating factor (PAF) and its precursor plasmalogen, which represent two subclasses of ether phospholipids, have attracted increasing research attention recently due to their association with multiple chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. These pathophysiological conditions commonly involve inflammatory processes linked to an excess presence of PAF and/or decreased levels of plasmalogens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of plasmalogens in inflammation have remained largely elusive. While anti‐inflammatory responses most likely involve the plasmalogen signal pathway; pro‐inflammatory responses recruit arachidonic acid, a precursor of pro‐inflammatory lipid mediators which is released from membrane phospholipids, notably derived from the hydrolysis of plasmalogens. Plasmalogens per se are vital membrane phospholipids in humans. Changes in their homeostatic levels may alter cell membrane properties, thus affecting key signaling pathways that mediate inflammatory cascades and immune responses. The plasmalogen analogs of PAF are also potentially important, considering that anti‐PAF activity has strong anti‐inflammatory effects. Plasmalogen replacement therapy was further identified as a promising anti‐inflammatory strategy allowing for the relief of pathological hallmarks in patients affected by chronic diseases with an inflammatory component. The aim of this Short Review is to highlight the emerging roles and implications of plasmalogens in chronic inflammatory disorders, along with the promising outcomes of plasmalogen replacement therapy for the treatment of various PAF‐related chronic inflammatory pathologies.
Hierarchical dynamic regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced lutein biosynthesis
Authors: Bian Qi , Jiao Xue , Chen Ye , Yu Hongwei , Ye Lidan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLutein, as a carotenoid with strong antioxidant capacity and an important component of macular pigment in the retina, has wide applications in pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetics industries. Besides extraction from plant and algae, microbial fermentation using engineered cell factories to produce lutein has emerged as a promising route. However, intra‐pathway competition between the lycopene cyclases and the conflict between cell growth and production are two major challenges. In our previous study, de novo synthesis of lutein had been achieved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by dividing the pathway into two stages (δ‐carotene formation and conversion) using temperature as the input signal to realize sequential cyclation of lycopene. However, lutein production was limited to microgram level, which is still too low to meet industrial demand. In this study, a dual‐signal hierarchical dynamic regulation system was developed and applied to divide lutein biosynthesis into three stages in response to glucose concentration and culture temperature. By placing the genes involved in δ‐carotene formation under the glucose‐responsive ADH2 promoter and genes involved in the conversion of δ‐carotene to lutein under temperature‐responsive GAL promoters, the growth‐production conflict and intra‐pathway competition were simultaneously resolved. Meanwhile, the rate‐limiting lycopene ε‐cyclation and carotene hydroxylation reactions were improved by screening for lycopene ε‐cyclase with higher activity and fine tuning of the P450 enzymes and their redox partners. Finally, a lutein titer of 19.92 mg/L (4.53 mg/g DCW) was obtained in shake‐flask cultures using the engineered yeast strain YLutein‐3S‐6, which is the highest lutein titer ever reported in heterologous production systems.
Various synthetic approaches for [6,7,m]‐tricyclic compounds containing an oxygen‐bridged skeleton
Authors: Kang Juyeon , Oh Chang Ho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report the synthesis of [6,7,5]‐tricyclic compounds containing an oxabicyclo [3.2.1] octane system from 1,6‐enyne carbonyl. We also synthesized [6,7,6]‐tricyclic compound from 1,7‐enyne carbonyl through Au‐catalyzed cyclization. The synthesis of oxacyclic compounds using iodine or oxygen is environmentally friendly cyclization methods. Oxacyclic compounds are useful for synthesizing various diterpene alkaloids.
Prevalence of and factors contributing to violent discipline in families and its association with violent discipline by teachers and peer violence
Authors: Masath Faustine Bwire , Nkuba Mabula , Hecker Tobias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUsing a multi‐informant approach, we assessed 914 children (mean age = 12.58 years, standard deviation [SD] = 1.43) and 893 caregivers (98.3 per cent female, mean age = 40.07 years, SD = 11.46) in Tanzania. Results showed that 93.3 per cent (n = 828/893) of caregivers reported using violent discipline, while 91.0 per cent (n = 832/914) of the children experienced it in their families. Further, 95.0 per cent (n = 868/914) and 93.7 per cent (n = 853/914) of students experienced violent discipline by teachers and peer violence at school, respectively. In a multilevel path model, children's mental health problems (standardised regression coefficient [β] = 0.192 [CI: 0.130, 0.255], p < 0.001) were associated with their experience of violent discipline in families. Caregivers' own childhood experience of violent discipline (𝛽 = 0.169 [CI: 0.105, 0.232], p < 0.001), their positive attitudes towards violent discipline (𝛽 = 0.228 [CI: 0.166, 0.290], p < 0.001) and mental health problems (𝛽 = 0.175 [CI: 0.113, 0.237], p < 0.001) were associated with their use of violent discipline. Violent discipline in families significantly correlated with violent discipline by teachers (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.413 [CI: 0.354, 0.472], p < 0.001) and peer violence (r = 0.354 [CI: 0.294, 0.415], p < 0.001) implying children's polyvictimisation.