bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the switch from hail insurance to antihail nets
Authors: Rogna Marco , Schamel Günter , Weissensteiner Alex 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyse the impact of the antihail net promotion on the actuarial soundness of the hail insurance market. Specifically, we present a simple model showing that, in the presence of an imperfect insurance market, incentives for antihail nets could cause low‐risk farmers to exit the insurance market more likely than high‐risk ones. This induces a typical adverse selection problem. The theoretical model predictions are corroborated by an empirical investigation. Based on a fixed‐effect conditional logit regression, we show that a higher per‐hectare output value and a location strongly affected by hail both increase the chance that a plot is hedged through antihail nets.
The functional implications of pronotum microstructure on surface friction in beetles
Authors: Mun Saeromi , Kim Jiyeong , Lee Jonghyuk , Sim Jeehyun , Lee Won Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiomimicry is a discipline that seeks solutions from nature by imitating biological functions or structures, and numerous species have become objects of biomimicry for various purposes. This study analyzed the pronotum microstructure of two Coleopteran species (Onthophagus japonicus and Dorcus titanus) to evaluate their function and role in the movement. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the surface biological traits and microstructural characteristics, respectively. Based on the SEM images and microstructure size information (width, distance, and length), we created a geometrical surface that mimicked the beetle's rough pronotum surface and conducted a finite element analysis to explore the influence of microstructure on surface friction. Both D. titanus and O. japonicus had rough surfaces, and O. japonicus had setae in its microstructure pit. Finite analysis showed that an insect surface mimicking concave and convex surfaces required less force than a plain surface, indicating that beetles might improve their body movement and antifouling function through microstructures during movement in dense complexes. The biological and mechanical characteristics of beetles are the focus of extensive research in the field of biological engineering due to their potential utility in numerous domains, including ecology and industry. Thus, further studies on biological engineering research are needed to further understand of application of beetles' characteristics.
The topological nature of tag jumping in environmental DNA metabarcoding studies
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Saul , Klaminder Jonatan , Morlock Marina A. , Dalén Love , Huang Doreen Yu‐Tuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetabarcoding of environmental DNA constitutes a state‐of‐the‐art tool for environmental studies. One fundamental principle implicit in most metabarcoding studies is that individual sample amplicons can still be identified after being pooled with others—based on their unique combinations of tags—during the so‐called demultiplexing step that follows sequencing. Nevertheless, it has been recognized that tags can sometimes be changed (i.e., tag jumping), which ultimately leads to sample crosstalk. Here, using four DNA metabarcoding data sets derived from the analysis of soils and sediments, we show that tag jumping follows very specific and systematic patterns. Specifically, we find a strong correlation between the number of reads in blank samples and their topological position in the tag matrix (described by vertical and horizontal vectors). This observed spatial pattern of artefactual sequences could be explained by polymerase activity, which leads to the exchange of the 3′ tag of single stranded tagged sequences through the formation of heteroduplexes with mixed barcodes. Importantly, tag jumping substantially distorted our data sets—despite our use of methods suggested to minimize this error. We developed a topological model to estimate the noise based on the counts in our blanks, which suggested that 40%–80% of the taxa in our soil and sedimentary samples were likely false positives introduced through tag jumping. We highlight that the amount of false positive detections caused by tag jumping strongly biased our community analyses.
Sanders Foods: Planning for Success—An Instructional Case*
Authors: Spraakman Gary , Maharaj Gajindra , Nguyen Emily Hoang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis case describes the second‐generation importer Sanders Foods, which requires improved profitability. A new CFO has been hired to improve profits and thereby increase the market value of the firm for a possible future sale. The firm's strategy, although still completely valid, has not been carried out as intended. The board of directors has reaffirmed the firm's strategy. The CFO and CEO have developed a five‐year plan to implement the strategy; the plan has been approved by the board. The task for the CFO is to develop a bottom‐up budget for next year that accomplishes the first year of the plan. The operational improvements to achieve the existing strategy with the next year's budget will be demanding, which means it will likely need to be frequently updated with forecasts. Students will be tested on their knowledge and skills in implementing a committed budget, complete with a process for forecasts.
Antimicrobial effect of grape seed extract as a potential intracanal medicament combined with Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Fakhri Elaheh , Samadi Kafil Hossein , Naghizadeh Mahdieh , Eslami Hosein , Sefidan Fatemeh Yeganeh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of grape seed extract medicament combined with Nd:YAG laser, against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans biofilms. Root canals infected with 4‐week‐old biofilms were divided into five groups (n = 11): calcium hydroxide, 6.5% GSE, Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 1.5 w, 15 Hz and 100 mj) and 6.5% GSE followed by Nd:YAG laser and normal saline (control). Dentin chips were collected using Gates–Glidden and cultured to obtain colony‐forming units. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test. GSE showed higher antibacterial activity against all species investigated compared to Ca(OH)2. However, the lowest microbial count was obtained using a combination of GSE and Nd:YAG laser (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the susceptibility of tested pathogens to each of the protocols was observed (p > 0.05). Application of Nd:YAG laser following GSE medicament is efficient against endodontic biofilms; also, GSE can be considered as an alternative to Ca(OH)2 dressing.
Managing work and nonwork responsibilities when labour protection is weak: The role of family supportive supervisor behaviours
Authors: Straub Caroline , Beham Barbara , Fayad Maryanne , Ramadan Nadia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKnowledge concerning the reconciliation of work and life in developing countries with weak labour protection and little governmental support (e.g. statutory work–life support) is still very limited. In this mixed‐method study, we explore how employees manage their work and nonwork responsibilities in Lebanon—a developing country with poor national and organisational work–life support. Findings from a qualitative study of 10 blue‐ (BC),10 white‐collar (WC) workers and 10 HR professionals from companies in various industries identified contextual challenges and strategies to reconcile work and nonwork responsibilities. In a quantitative study based on a survey of 269 employees, we examined the effect of family supportive supervisor behaviour (FSSB) for different groups of workers and explored one potential mechanism of FSSB, namely, schedule fit. Results show that FSSB increases employees' perceptions of schedule fit, which, in turn, minimises their work–life conflict (WLC). We also found that BC workers seem to benefit more from FSSB than WC workers. We inform work–life research on less supportive contexts and offer practical recommendations for HR managers to operate successfully within these environments.
What causes house prices to fluctuate? Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Lee Jinwoong , Ann Jihee , Park Cheolbeom 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we build a structural vector autoregressive model of the housing market with supply and demand shocks to determine the main causes of house price movements in South Korea. We include housing permits, basic housing demand, and the growth rates of real housing prices in the model. Changes in house prices are decomposed into three structural components: housing supply shocks, shocks to basic housing demand, and shocks to housing market‐specific demand. We find that the main driver of the movements in house prices is housing market‐specific demand shocks, and these are associated with beliefs regarding future house prices and the real estate market, as measured by the Consumer Sentiment Indices for the housing market, rather than credit conditions or financial variables such as interest rates or stock returns.
Moderating Role of Cost Accounting Information Quality on the Relationship Between the COVID‐19 Pandemic and Budgeting in Public Hospitals
Authors: Pavlatos Odysseas , Kostakis Hara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBased on new public management, information processing theory and contingency theory, this study investigates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on budgeting in public hospitals, focusing on budget use. The research hypotheses were tested using a survey of 82 responses from hospital CFOs. The results show that the organisations that were most affected by the pandemic increased their use of budgets for planning, resource allocation and control, compared to those that were less affected. This study also highlights the moderating role of cost accounting information quality in the relationship between crises and budget use. We find that public hospitals that have been most affected by the pandemic and have simultaneously better cost accounting information have increased their use of budgets for planning, resource allocation and cost control more than those whose costing system does not provide superior cost data.
Impact of monitoring approaches on data quality in clinical trials
Authors: Andersen Jeppe Ragnar , von Sehested Christoffer , Byrjalsen Inger , Popik Sara , Follin Anne Bo , Bihlet Asger Reinstrup 
Published: December 2022

AimsSource data verification (SDV) has been reported to account for up to 25% of the budget in clinical trials (CT) and cost‐benefit of SDV has been questioned. Guidelines for risk‐based monitoring (RBM) were published in 2013 by agencies and in 2016, ICH‐GCP‐E6‐(R2) added a requirement for risk‐based approaches. This report will perform a comparison of the impact of RBM vs classic monitoring (CM) on data quality (defined as accuracy of data reporting from source data to final trial data) and expected impact on costs of CTs.MethodsData on residual errors from four, large comparable randomised CTs were examined by post‐trial SDV. Observed discrepancies were analysed in the categories of “overall” data, “major efficacy” and “major safety”. In each category, the residual error rate was calculated as the number of discrepancies divided by the number of data‐fields verified.ResultsA total of 1 716 087 data points were verified using CM and 323 174 using RBM. The overall error rate was 0.40% for RBM and 0.37% for CM (P < 0.01). For major efficacy, defined by risk assessment, the error rate was 0.15% and 0.28% (P < 0.0001); in major safety, defined by risk assessment, the error rate was 0.49% and 0.67% (P = 0.15), both in favour of the RBM approach.ConclusionThese empirical data, directly comparing RBM with CM, suggest that RBM improves data quality regarding data‐points of major importance to trial outcomes, efficacy and major safety. Overall, the RBM approach showed a correlation to reduced amount of data collection errors with major relevance for interpretation of study results and subject safety as well as reducing on‐site monitoring and data cleaning resources.
Information theory characteristics improve the prediction of lithium response in bipolar disorder patients using a support vector machine classifier
Authors: Tripathi Utkarsh , Mizrahi Liron , Alda Martin , Falkovich Gregory , Stern Shani 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimBipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder with a high morbidity and death rate. Lithium (Li), a prominent mood stabilizer, is often used as a first‐line treatment. However, clinical studies have shown that Li is fully effective in roughly 30% of BD patients. Our goal in this study was to use features derived from information theory to improve the prediction of the patient's response to Li as well as develop a diagnostic algorithm for the disorder.MethodsWe have performed electrophysiological recordings in patient‐derived dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons (from a total of 9 subjects) for three groups: 3 control individuals, 3 BD patients who respond to Li treatment (LR), and 3 BD patients who do not respond to Li treatment (NR). The recordings were analyzed by the statistical tools of modern information theory. We used a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random forest (RF) classifiers with the basic electrophysiological features with additional information theory features.ResultsInformation theory features provided further knowledge about the distribution of the electrophysiological entities and the interactions between the different features, which improved classification schemes. These newly added features significantly improved our ability to distinguish the BD patients from the control individuals (an improvement from 60% to 74% accuracy) and LR from NR patients (an improvement from 81% to 99% accuracy).ConclusionThe addition of Information theory‐derived features provides further knowledge about the distribution of the parameters and their interactions, thus significantly improving the ability to discriminate and predict the LRs from the NRs and the patients from the controls.
Contemplating IL‐6, a double‐edged sword cytokine: Which side to use for stroke pathology?
Authors: Monsour Molly , Croci Davide M. , Agazzi Siviero , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐6 is a unique cytokine due to its dual signaling, with one pathway being pro‐inflammatory (trans) and the other homeostatic (classical). Both of these pathways have been implicated in neuroinflammation following stroke, with initial inflammatory mechanisms being protective and later anti‐inflammatory signaling promoting ischemic tissue recovery. IL‐6 plays a major role in stroke pathology. However, given these distinctive IL‐6 signaling consequences, IL‐6 is a difficult cytokine to target for stroke therapies. Recent research suggests that the ratio between the pro‐inflammatory binary IL6:sIL6R complex and the inactive ternary IL6:sIL6R:sgp130 complex may be a novel way to measure IL‐6 signaling at different time points following ischemic injury. This ratio may approximate functional consequences on individualized stroke therapies, allowing clinicians to determine whether IL‐6 agonists or antagonists should be used at specific time points.
An effective online platform for crowd classification of coastal wetland loss
Authors: Spatharioti Sofia Eleni , Boetsch Eliza , Eustis Scott , Gandhi Kutub , Rota Matt , Apte Archana , Cooper Seth , Wylie Sara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWetland loss is increasing rapidly, and there are gaps in public awareness of the problem. By crowdsourcing image analysis of wetland morphology, academic and government studies could be supplemented and accelerated while engaging and educating the public. The Land Loss Lookout (LLL) project crowdsourced mapping of wetland morphology associated with wetland loss and restoration. We demonstrate that volunteers can be trained relatively easily online to identify characteristic wetland morphologies, or patterns present on the landscape that suggest a specific geomorphological process. Results from a case study in coastal Louisiana revealed strong agreement among nonexpert and expert assessments who agreed on classifications at least 83% and at most 94% of the time. Participants self‐reported increased knowledge of wetland loss after participating in the project. Crowd‐identified morphologies are consistent with expectations, although more work is needed to directly compare LLL results with previous studies. This work provides a foundation for using crowd‐based wetland loss analysis to increase public awareness of the issue, and to contribute to land surveys or train machine learning algorithms.
Spread the word: Sharing information on social media can stabilize conservation funding and improve ecological outcomes
Authors: Takashina Nao , Cheung Hubert , Miyazawa Mieko 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConservation needs adequate support and funding to address our ecological crises. People support conservation in different ways, from social media engagement to donating money. Various factors influence how people choose to support conservation, including social norms and ecological status. The rise of social media has provided people with an easy and low‐cost way to support conservation: sharing information online. How valuable is social media engagement and activism for conservation funding and outcomes? Here, we develop an evolutionary game‐theoretic framework to understand the complex interactions between individuals in the context of social media information sharing, conservation philanthropy, and how these interactions ultimately impact ecological outcomes. From a game theory perspective, we can consider donors to be hard‐cooperators, sharers of information on social media to be soft‐cooperators, and those who do nothing to be non‐cooperators. Our model shows that soft‐cooperators can help stabilize conservation funding flows and develop social norms. Supporting conservation through social media sharing can ultimately contribute to conservation success. Our study conceptualizes the complex decision‐making processes of conservation funding and affirms the importance and value of mobilizing all types of supporters in conservation.
Depth and temperature drive patterns of spatial overlap among fish thermal guilds in lakes across Ontario, Canada
Authors: Benoit David M. , Chu Cindy , Giacomini Henrique C. , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe spatial distribution of ectotherms is strongly dependent on the temperature of their environments. In temperate lakes, fishes with different thermal optima can become spatially segregated during summer stratification. This habitat partitioning, or niche complementarity, may play a role in the coexistence of trophically similar species; however, the extent of partitioning is dependent on the resources available within each habitat. Although habitat partitioning of fish thermal guilds has been studied in individual lakes, broad‐scale patterns of spatial overlap and segregation are not yet understood. In this study, we explore the patterns and drivers of spatial overlap among thermal guilds (cold‐, cool‐, and warm‐water) at a broad scale.LocationOntario, Canada.MethodsWe built a multivariate regression tree to explore patterns and environmental drivers of spatial overlap in freshwater fishes across three thermal guilds from 438 lakes.ResultsWe identified five clusters of lakes exhibiting different patterns of spatial overlap among the three thermal guilds. Temperature (growing degree days) and maximum lake depth were strong drivers of the spatial overlap patterns.Main ConclusionsThese findings provide a better understanding of broad‐scale patterns of spatial overlap and allow us to predict how spatial overlap, and ultimately species interactions and competition, may change under a warming climate.
IMPLICATED GAMING: CHOICE AND COMPLICITY IN LUDIC HOLOCAUST MEMORY
Authors: GLOUFTSIS TAMIKA 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTHolocaust memorial sites and institutions have begun to embrace new media and digital technologies as methods of communication, public engagement, and memorialization. Despite increasing numbers of interactive digital media projects focused on Holocaust education, there is a significant gulf between the topics addressed by digital Holocaust works and those conceptualized and studied at a higher level in scholarly Holocaust literature. Most notably, challenging questions regarding the categories of bystandership, complicity, and perpetration are largely ignored in favor of traditional victim‐focused narratives. I suggest that, in their eagerness to adopt virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) technologies, digital Holocaust memory projects have neglected the significant potential of nonimmersive video games to address questions regarding bystandership and complicity. By moving away from the perceptual immersion of VR and toward the ludic and simulative arguments of video games, digitally interactive Holocaust projects may be able to lessen the risks of over‐immersion and retraumatization that are antithetical to critical historical thinking and understanding. This article examines the 2013 game Papers, Please as an example of how video games can present sophisticated arguments about human agency, bystandership, and complicity. By placing players in a historical problem space laden with impossible moral choices, Papers, Please demonstrates the systemic forces that structure human behavior under extreme, violent, and authoritarian conditions. I argue that Holocaust‐based ludic digital media modeled after Papers, Please could explore bystandership and complicity in similarly nuanced and powerful ways, potentially touching on academic Holocaust concepts such as the “choiceless choices” of “the gray zone.” Addressing these topics in ludic historical media could help to bridge the gap between popular and scholarly understandings of the Holocaust in the twenty‐first century.
Nutritional composition of Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) according to cooking method and its application as an elder‐friendly drink
Authors: Kim Dah‐Sol , Iida Fumiko , Joo Nami 
Published: December 2022

SummarySacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) can be a great source of nutrition for the elderly since it contains great conditions of bioactive substances such as antioxidants and essential amino acids. Therefore, this study aimed to set up an optimal pretreatment method of Sacha inchi and to develop viscous beverage products for the elderly. As a result, roasting Sacha inchi had a significant effect on improving the essential amino acid content and antioxidant ability rather than raw and boiled one. However, because ageing threatens to choke older people even if they drink non‐viscous water, a viscous roasted Sacha inchi breeze was developed for the elderly. Therefore, it was confirmed that all thickening agents used in this study could be applied as elder‐friendly foods suitable for Korean Industrial Standards, and the regression equation for viscosity changes according to thickenrs concentrations was ‘Y = 75 312X−35.394’ for xanthan gum, ‘Y = 61 413X−201.33’ for locust bean gum, ‘Y = 4200.7X−7.2438’ for carrageenan, and ‘Y = 999.85X + 3.141’ for gum arabic. In conclusion, this study can help prevent suffocation and improve nutritional imbalance by developing viscous drinks using Sacha inchi for the elderly with weak oesophageal muscles.