bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapse after non‐metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: The impact of routine surveillance imaging on early detection and post‐relapse survival
Authors: Casanova Michela , Bergamaschi Luca , Chiaravalli Stefano , Morosi Carlo , Livellara Virginia , Hovsepyan Shushan , Sironi Giovanna , Puma Nadia , Nigro Olga , Gattuso Giovanna , Luksch Roberto , Terenziani Monica , Spreafico Filippo , Meazza Cristina , Podda Marta , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Gasparini Patrizia , Vennarini Sabina , Massimino Maura , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) whose disease relapses have little chance of being cured, so front‐line treatments are usually followed up with surveillance imaging in an effort to detect any recurrences as early as possible, and thereby improve post‐relapse outcomes. The real benefit of such routine surveillance imaging in RMS remains to be demonstrated, however. This retrospective, single‐center study examines how well surveillance imaging identifies recurrent tumors and its impact on post‐relapse survival.MethodsThe analysis concerned 79 patients <21 years old treated between 1985 and 2020 whose initially localized RMS relapsed. Clinical findings, treatment modalities, and survival were analyzed, comparing patients whose relapse was first suspected from symptoms they developed (clinical symptoms group) with those whose relapse was identified by radiological surveillance (routine imaging group).ResultsTumor relapses came to light because of clinical symptoms in 42 cases, and on routine imaging in 37. The time to relapse was much the same in the two groups. The median overall survival (OS) and 5‐year OS rate were, respectively, 10 months and 12.6% in the clinical symptoms group, and 11 months and 27.5% in the routine imaging group (p‐value .327). Among patients with favorable prognostic scores, survival was better for those in the routine imaging group (5‐year OS 75.0% vs. 33.0%, p‐value .047).ConclusionIt remains doubtful whether surveillance imaging has any real impact on RMS relapse detection and patients’ post‐relapse survival. Further studies are needed to establish the most appropriate follow‐up recommendations, taking the potentially negative effects of regular radiological exams into account.
A reliability estimation method based on two‐phase Wiener process with evidential variable using two types of testing data
Authors: Shi Jian , Qiao Yajing , Wang Shaoping , Cui Xiaoyu , Liu Di 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe evidential variable shows the powerful ability on the parameter description, so we have cooperated it with the linear Wiener process to model linear degradation processes. However, the degradation paths of some products exhibit two‐phase patterns over the running time, which cannot be modeled by the linear Wiener process. Hence, it is developed into an associated evidential variable‐based two‐phase Wiener process. In order to utilize the proposed model, the related evidence obtaining, evidence fusion and performance inference approaches are constructed. A simulation study and an actual case are performed to verify the superiorities of the proposed method. The proposed method provides higher accuracies of the useful life, degradation, and reliability evaluations, due to utilizing the evidential variable and considering the two‐phase degradation conditions.
Dynamic event‐triggered model‐free adaptive security tracking control for constrained subway train system
Authors: Zhu Lin , Che Wei‐Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, the dynamic event‐triggered model‐free adaptive security tracking control problem of the subway system with speed and traction/braking force constraints under aperiodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks is studied. The complex subway train system is transformed into a linearization data model by using the dynamic linearization technique. For the subway system, both speed and traction/braking forces need to be restrained to ensure the safety of the subway equipment. In addition, the dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is designed to reduce communication frequency and prolong the hardware life cycle. At the same time, considering aperiodic DoS attacks in the network channel, the security tracking control problem is guaranteed. In the simulation, the algorithm is applied to the subway train system, and the effectiveness of this algorithm is verified with a comparison.
Experience of the prefecture with hunting management influences the effectiveness of wildlife policy
Authors: Okuda Kei , Hayashi Yoshimi , Kaji Koichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOverabundant ungulate populations have impacted forestry and agricultural systems, as well as natural ecosystems, worldwide. To effectively control the sika deer (Cervus nippon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations, which are currently under limited hunting pressure in Japan, we evaluated the prefectures' past management experiences with 2 wildlife laws: a prefecture‐determined management system for relaxing hunting regulations implemented in 2000 and municipality‐determined damage control system for subsidized culling implemented in 2008. Time series data (1990–2014) of sika deer and wild boar harvest per hunter for each prefecture were grouped using dynamic time warping clustering analyses. All groups of both ungulates demonstrated significant increases in harvest per hunter after implementing both laws. The prefectures with the most experience in deer management could control sika deer populations through management planning, culling supported by subsidies, and enforcement of antlerless deer harvest. The strategies are likely ineffective for controlling wild boar populations because of the lack of effective selective harvesting and limited survey methods for population monitoring. Our findings suggest that prefectures' experience in hunting management influences the success of population reduction actions for sika deer.
Conceptualization of English Medium Instruction
Authors: Han Jinghe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen exploring English Medium Instruction (EMI) as a concept, the dominant paradigm in the literature pertains to descriptive statements rather than definitions; appears to replicate more of the same and is based on what could be labeled ‘convenient’ studies. EMI research designed for change and innovation, aiming to propose solutions or generate frameworks for improvement in practice, is wanting. This Chapter addresses the complexities of EMI through the multiple lenses of theory and deconstructs EMI’s individual elements to ascertain how each contributes to its understanding and conceptualization. The ‘English’ in EMI teaching is situated within bi/multilingual contexts. It extends beyond its Anglophone authenticity, thus is a plural form responding to crosslinguistic influence and translanguaging practice. The ‘Medium’ is a ‘channel’ through which teaching occurs and often involves multimedia technology. It influences and is influenced by mode, field, tenor and context. The ‘Instruction’ is theorized as a set of principles encapsulating EMI lecturers’ pedagogical stance and reflects how they position the learners. Moving beyond the general, simplistic descriptions of EMI prevalent in the literature, this Chapter aims to provide a conceptual framework of EMI to inform the data analysis in subsequent Chapters.
Emissionswirkungen der 2021 reformierten Kfz-Steuer: Eine empirische Analyse
Authors: Flintz Joschka , Frondel Manuel , Horvath Marco 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 2021 wurde die emissionsabhängige Komponente der Kfz-Steuer angepasst und progressiv gestaltet, sodass sich die Steuerbelastung für Fahrzeuge mit hoher Emissionsintensität überproportional erhöht hat. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert dieser Beitrag die Effektivität der reformierten Kfz-Steuer in Bezug auf ihre Lenkungswirkung und ihr Einsparpotential an Kohlendioxid (CO2) mit Hilfe des Nachfragemodells von Berry et al. (1995). Dieses Modell ermöglicht eine realitätsnähere Darstellung der Nachfrageseite als Conditional- oder Nested-Logit-Modelle. Unsere Schätzergebnisse zeigen, dass infolge der Reform jährlich ungefähr 21.000 Autos weniger verkauft werden dürften, die mittlere CO2-Intensität sich um 0,74 g/km verringert und der jährliche CO2-Ausstoß neu gekaufter Fahrzeuge um rund 60.000 t sinken könnte. Diese geringen Effekte sind intuitiv verständlich: Eine durchschnittliche Steuererhöhung von rund 11 € pro Jahr entfaltet nicht die Lenkungswirkung, derer es bedarf, um die Emissionen substanziell zu senken. Unsere Simulationsergebnisse einer fiktiven Kfz-Besteuerung mit stärker progressiven Steuersätzen, die eine mittlere Steuererhöhung von ca. 90 € zur Folge hätte, zeigen: Dies würde deutlich stärkere Effekte haben und die durchschnittlichen spezifischen CO2-Emissionen neuer Autos um gut 5 g/km senken sowie die Anzahl an Neuzulassungen um rund 195.000 Pkw. Dadurch könnten jährlich rund 450.000 t CO2 eingespart werden. Verglichen mit den jährlichen Emissionen der Autoflotte in Deutschland von ca. 100 Mio. Tonnen wären aber selbst die Effekte der fiktiven Kfz-Besteuerung mit höheren Steuersätzen recht begrenzt.
The Lives of a Roman Neighborhood
Authors: Jacobs Paul 
Published: November 2022

In this book, Paul Jacobs traces the history of a neighborhood situated in the heart of Rome over twenty-five centuries. Here, he considers how topography and location influenced its long urban development. During antiquity, the forty-plus acre, flood-prone site on the Tiber's edge was transformed from a meadow near a crossroads into the imperial Circus Flaminius, with its temples, colonnades, and a massive theater. Later, it evolved into a bustling medieval and early modern residential and commercial district known as the Sant'Angelo rione. Subsequently, the neighborhood enclosed Rome's Ghetto. Today, it features an archaeological park and tourist venues, and it is still the heart of Rome's Jewish community. Jacobs' study explores the impact of physical alterations on the memory of lost topographical features. He also posits how earlier development may be imprinted upon the landscape, or preserved to influence future changes.
Some remarks on Elytis’ Crinagoras
Authors: Luciani Cristiano 
Published: November 2022

Ancient Greek poets such as Alcaeus and Sappho, and later Crinagoras, took on through Elytis’ poetry a new literary significance, thanks to his personal reconstruction of fragments and the epigram respectively.The technique of reconstruction from fragments or restoring epigrams is not unconnected with the type of so-called ‘prismatic expression’ used by Elytis in the creation of his own poetry: a prism's polyhedral and crystalline form allows for the coexistence of facets significant in themselves, but which, when arranged in a new composition, create a new and harmonious entity.
IWASAWA THEORY FORp-TORSION CLASS GROUP SCHEMES IN CHARACTERISTICp
Authors: BOOHER JEREMY , CAIS BRYDEN 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate a novel geometric Iwasawa theory for${\mathbf Z}_p$-extensions of function fields over a perfect fieldkof characteristic$p>0$by replacing the usual study ofp-torsion in class groups with the study ofp-torsion class groupschemes. That is, if$\cdots \to X_2 \to X_1 \to X_0$is the tower of curves overkassociated with a${\mathbf Z}_p$-extension of function fields totally ramified over a finite nonempty set of places, we investigate the growth of thep-torsion group scheme in the Jacobian of$X_n$as$n\rightarrow \infty $. By Dieudonné theory, this amounts to studying the first de Rham cohomology groups of$X_n$equipped with natural actions of Frobenius and of the Cartier operatorV. We formulate and test a number of conjectures which predict striking regularity in the$k[V]$-module structure of the space$M_n:=H^0(X_n, \Omega ^1_{X_n/k})$of global regular differential forms as$n\rightarrow \infty .$For example, for each tower in a basic class of${\mathbf Z}_p$-towers, we conjecture that the dimension of the kernel of$V^r$on$M_n$is given by$a_r p^{2n} + \lambda _r n + c_r(n)$for allnsufficiently large, where$a_r, \lambda _r$are rational constants and$c_r : {\mathbf Z}/m_r {\mathbf Z} \to {\mathbf Q}$is a periodic function, depending onrand the tower. To provide evidence for these conjectures, we collect extensive experimental data based on new and more efficient algorithms for working with differentials on${\mathbf Z}_p$-towers of curves, and we prove our conjectures in the case$p=2$and$r=1$.
Charting the landscape of data-driven learning using a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dong Jihua , Zhao Yanan , Buckingham Louisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study employs a bibliometric approach to analyse common research themes, high-impact publications and research venues, identify the most recent transformative research, and map the developmental stages of data-driven learning (DDL) since its genesis. A dataset of 126 articles and 3,297 cited references (1994–2021) retrieved from the Web of Science was analysed using CiteSpace 6.1.R2. The analysis uncovered the principal research themes and high-impact publications, and the most recent transformative research in the DDL field. The following evolutionary stages of DDL were determined based on Shneider’s (2009) scientific model and the timeline generated by CiteSpace, namely, the conceptualising stage (1980s–1998), the maturing stage (1998–2011), and the expansion stage (2011–now), with Stage 4 just emerging. Finally, the analysis discerned potential future research directions, including the implementation of DDL in larger-scale classroom practice and the role of variables in DDL.
Development and Procurement of a National Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Cache for Pacific Island Countries
Authors: Beauchemin Pierre-Yves , Chandler Drew R. , Noste Erin E. , Larsen Jan-Erik , Cook Anthony T. , Casey Sean T. 
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:Pacific Island Countries and Areas (PICs) represent some of the most logistically challenging locations, covering vast ocean territory and remote islands. Light, mobile clinical response capability is critical in the disaster-prone Pacific. Beginning in January 2021, WHO researched, tailored, and procured EMT cache “kits” specifically for Pacific Island contexts, based on the core standards of the global EMT initiative.Objectives:To research, tailor, and procure cache “kits” to ensure self-sufficiency and high-quality out-patient mobile medical care for national EMTs in PICs.Method/Description:WHO facilitated the development of national cache kits for 10 PICs EMTs. A need for specialized equipment and supplies or “cache” for team self-reliance is critical. Through a consultative process, including Pacific EMT leadership and team members, EMT mentors, and regional partners, WHO curated and procured cache kits for 10 PICs EMTs.Results/Outcomes:The Pacific EMT cache kit is designed for four-to-six-person teams with the capacity to deploy for a minimum of three days, with full self-sufficiency. Because of the complex and remote access to many Pacific Islands, EMT cache must be practical for transport on small aircrafts and maritime vessels. A consultative process resulted in a curated cache list for Pacific national EMTs of over 125 items, estimated to weigh approximately 440 kilograms per kit. By the end of 2022, a total 31 kits will be delivered to EMTs in ten countries.Conclusion:The design, development, and procurement of Pacific EMT cache for national response operations will allow for increased speed and agility for response to disasters and public health emergencies.
Teaching by historicising private international law
Authors: Banu Roxana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a historical contextual pedagogy for private international, which helps students reflect on the impact of the field's legal techniques in different historical contexts. To emphasise the richness of a historical lens, the paper reflects on the development and use of private international law tort rules in a colonial, intellectual and gender historical context. By taking Phillips v. Eyre as a reference, the goal is to illustrate how the canonical cases in private international law can serve as entry points towards a broader historical contextualisation of private international law, beyond the doctrine, though inspired by it.
Ocean Emission Pathway and Secondary Formation Mechanism of Aminiums Over the Chinese Marginal Sea
Authors: Liu Chengfeng , Li Hao , Zheng Haitao , Wang Guochen , Qin Xiaofei , Chen Jia , Zhou Shengqian , Lu Da , Liang Guoping , Song Xiaoquan , Duan Yusen , Liu Jianguo , Huang Kan , Deng Congrui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmines/aminiums are recognized for their importance in new particle formation, organic nitrogen cycle, and aerosol forcings. Among the complex sources, the ocean origins and generation pathways of aminiums are less understood. During a cruise campaign over the Chinese marginal sea (Bohai Sea), five low‐molecular‐weight aminiums were measured. The strong anthropogenic period (terrestrial transport) and the weak anthropogenic period (dust, clean, and sea fog periods) were identified based on the traceable aerosol chemical species, air masses transport patterns, and marine chlorophyll‐a. Inconsistent spatiotemporal variations of various aminiums were observed. Monomethylaminium (MMAH+), dimethylaminium (DMAH+), ethylaminium (EAH+), and diethylaminium (DEAH+) were more enriched during the weak anthropogenic period than the strong anthropogenic period and especially peaked during the sea fog period. The significant correlation between the four aminiums and methanesulfonic acid suggested their secondary formation pathways. Through further exploring the governing factors, the acid–base neutralization via the aqueous phase processing was identified as a critical process for the secondary transformation of aminiums. In contrast, trimethylaminium (TMAH+) showed moderate correlation with Na+ in the total suspended particles only, suggesting its primary marine sources via enrichment in the sea‐spray aerosol through bubble bursting. Based on the step‐wise correlation analysis, the sea surface organic nitrogenous reservoir was found as the dominant contributor to the measured aminiums over the Bohai Sea, while the role of marine phytoplankton emission in the formation of aminiums was limited.
Synthesis of novel carbon-supported iron oxide sorbents for adsorption of dye from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and flow-through studies
Authors: Khumalo Siphesihle Praise-God , Lokhat David , Chetty Kimbelin , Chetty Latisha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTextile effluents contain dyes that negatively affect water bodies and inhibit photosynthesis by reducing sunlight penetration. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of an iron oxide sorbent immobilised on naturally derived carbon foam for the removal of organic methylene blue dye from water. In this study, the carbon precursor and iron oxide precursor were mixed and carbonised in a single vessel. Baking and carbonization of the natural grain combination produce a porous structure that can act as an effective support for the iron oxide particles. The carbon foam prepared had a self-assembled structure with flour as a basic element. Sorbents of 6 weight (wt)%, 15 wt% iron, and a 0 wt% iron control sample were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques were used to examine the synthesised carbon foam physical properties and surface morphology. The adsorption capabilities were investigated in batch tests by determining the effects of an increase in iron content, sorbent dosage, contact time, and dye concentration. Breakthrough curves were obtained by varying the height of the sorbent bed and varying the flowrate of the dye solution. A higher bed height corresponds to a greater amount of adsorbent. The breakthrough and equilibrium adsorption capacities were found to increase with increasing bed height. When the flow rate is high, the dye solution leaves the column before equilibrium, resulting in shorter breakthrough and saturation times. Higher bed heights and lower flow rates resulted in optimal dye removal in the flow through the system. Breakthrough time increases with increasing iron content. The 15 wt% iron sample displayed superior adsorption capabilities than the 6 wt% sample, while the 0 wt% iron control sample displayed minimal adsorptive capabilities. The pseudo-first order kinetic model was the best fit model for this study (R2 > 0.96), and the adsorption equilibrium is best described by the Freundlich isotherm (R2 > 0.99). The results showed that an iron oxide sorbent immobilised on carbon foam made from natural sources is a good adsorbent for removing methylene dye.
Ivy leaves extract EA 575 in the treatment of cough during acute respiratory tract infections: meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Völp Andreas , Schmitz Jennifer , Bulitta Michael , Raskopf Esther , Acikel Cengizhan , Mösges Ralph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIvy leaves extracts have been used successfully to treat acute cough, and data from well-controlled trials is accumulating. We present a meta-analysis of two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) received ivy leaves dry extract EA 575 (n = 228) or placebo (n = 162) for 7 days, followed by a 7-day period without treatment. The main efficacy outcome was the Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS). Individual patient data meta-analyses were performed using mixed models for repeated measures, analysis of covariance and logistic ordinal regression. Significant BSS differences between EA 575 and placebo occurred already after 2 days and increased until treatment end, with BSS reductions of 8.6 ± 0.2 and 6.2 ± 0.2 (marginal means ± SEM; p < 0.001). The score reduction for placebo after 7 days was comparable to that for EA 575 after 4 days. In the EA 575 group, the proportion of cough-free patients was 18.1% at treatment end and 56.2% at end of follow-up, compared to 9.3% and 25.6% for placebo, respectively. Adverse event rates for EA 575 and placebo were comparable. EA 575 reduces effectively the intensity of acute cough associated with ARTIs and leads to a significant acceleration of recovery. No safety signals were observed.