bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of steam on polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema based on saccharide mapping analysis and pharmacological activity assays
Authors: Chen Zherui , Zhu Baojie , Zhao Jing , Chen Zhixin , Cao Wen , Wang Junqiao , Li Shao-ping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Polygonatum cyrtonema, one of origins of Polygonata Rhizoma (HuangJing in Chinese), is traditionally steamed repeatedly before being used as herbal medicine in China. However, there had no standardization of steaming of HuangJing. Therefore, comprehensive study for effects of steam on polysaccharide from Polygonatum cyrtonema based on saccharide mapping, a powerful method developed for polysaccharides analysis, and pharmacological activity are still necessary in order to explore the effect of steam on the physiochemical and biological activities of its polysaccharides and determine the standard for Polygonatum cyrtonema.Methods: To explore the effect of steam on the physiochemical and biological activities of P. cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCP), six polysaccharides named PCP0, PCP1, PCP2, PCP3, PCP4 and PCP5 were extracted from the herb consecutively steamed for 0 to 5 times, respectively. Their molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints were investigated through HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPAEC-PAD and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharide analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and HPTLC, respectively. In addition, their antioxidant ability and immunostimulatory activities on RAW 264.7 cells in term of NO production and phagocytosis were compared.Results: Results suggested that molecular weights could be changed during steam, which increased by first steaming and then decreased with further steaming though all polysaccharides molecular weight were 105-107 Da. They all showed irregularly spherical conformation in aqueous solution based on AFM imaging. Monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints was significantly different after steaming, i.e., galactose increased while glucose and mannose decreased, and β-1,4-Galp appeared while β-1,4-manp increased after steaming. Steamed PCP significantly increased scavenging activity against ABTS radicals, while PCP0 had better immunostimulatory effect on RAW 264.7 in terms of NO production and phagocytosis.Conclusions: In summary, steam significantly affected the chemical composition and bioactivities of polysaccharides from P. cyrtonema. Considering the conflict results of steaming on antioxidant and immunopotentiation activities of PCP, 2 times of continuously steam is the optimal choice under the modern process condition.
Application of antibodies-detection rapid diagnostic test for determination of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kldiashvili Ekaterina , Iordanishvili Saba , Shotadze Tamar , Lomidze Mariam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection originated from China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 posed a major challenge for global public health. It is well known that SARS-CoV-2 infection is followed by an immune response and formation of antibodies. Thus, determination of infection seroprevalence can provide important information on SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to proper organization of public health measures. Our study aimed to investigate the possibility of rapid tests application for determination of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results
70 serum samples with determined IgG against nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) method were tested by application of rapid immunochromatographic test for the qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. It has been revealed that by both methods: a) 21 (77.8%) samples are negatives; b) 23 (67.7%) samples are positive; and c) 3 (33.3%) equivocal by ELISA method samples are positive by rapid test, although 6 (66.7%) equivocal by ELISA method samples are negative by rapid test. By consideration of these data we assumed that rapid test for qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be used as screening method for determination of seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Analysis of the tribological and dynamic performance of the self-adaptation water-lubricated stern bearing
Authors: He Tao , Zhongliang Xie , Yang Kang , Jiao Jian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
According to the design requirements of load equalization and vibration reduction for the stern bearing, a water-lubricated stern bearing with self-adaptation capacity is proposed. The bearing is mainly composed of three parts: the bearing bush, the elastic element and the damping alloy. The elastic element is used to realize static and dynamic load sharing of the stern bearing, reduce the edge effect of the stern bearing, and make the contact pressure evenly distributed in the axial direction, thereby improving the service life of the bearing and reducing the frictional excitation of the bearing. Damping alloy is used to attenuate the shaft vibration transmission from the bearing to the foundation, so as to optimize the vibration transmission characteristics. The revised lubrication models for such bearings are put forward. By analyzing the vibration characteristics of the stern bearing, the results show that the vibration transmission characteristics of the thruster excited to the bearing node are optimized, and the vibration response at the first-order fixed frequency is significantly reduced. A moderate increase in the support stiffness of the foundation can significantly reduce the vibration response of the bearing.
The Inequities of Global Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Lovell Knox , Lovell J. E. , Edmonds H. K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
With efforts to mitigate climate change lagging behind what is necessary to achieve Paris Agreement global warming targets, adaptation to current and anticipated future climate conditions becomes increasingly urgent. This study provides a novel composite adaptation index to assess the relative adaptation performance of nations, using two complementary techniques, a distance to frontier analysis and a dominance analysis. Adaptation performance is closely and positively related to both national income per capita and national greenhouse gas emissions per capita, highlighting global adaptation inequities consistent with the IPCC assessment that nations most affected by climate change are those that are least able to adapt and contribute least to the problem.
Diversity of aphantasia revealed by multiple assessments of the capability for multi-sensory imagery
Authors: Takahashi Junichi , Saito Godai , Omura Kazufumi , Yasunaga Daichi , Sugimura Shinichiro , Sakamoto Shuichi , Horikawa Tomoyasu , Gyoba Jiro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aphantasia is a characteristic in which people with normal perception have difficulty constructing their imagination. Most previous studies have used the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), with some using self-identification of the absence of visual imagery, but there is a discrepancy between the proportions of aphantasia in the population calculated by these two criteria. It is unclear why this difference exists and how many people actually cannot form imagery. Moreover, because visual imagery is mainly focused upon, other types of aphantasia, relating to multi-sensory imagery, have not been fully investigated. We conducted an online sampling with a large number of participants (N = 2,885) to compare the proportions of aphantasia calculated by these two visual criteria, obtaining data from the same participants, and investigate the cognitive profile of multi-sensory imagery. The participants completed the VVIQ and Questionnaire upon Mental Imagery (QMI) and self-identified an absence of visual imagery. The proportions were 3.67% under the VVIQ criteria (VVIQ ≤ 32) and 12.24% under the self-identification of the absence of visual imagery criteria, roughly replicating the proportions of previous reports. Combining these visual criteria, in the group for low VVIQ (VVIQ ≤ 32), some participants showed the absence of all sensory imagery, while others showed specifically an absence of visual imagery. Individuals with aphantasia, identified by visual criteria, may have been mixed with those experiencing multi-sensory aphantasia. Our present study indicates that visual criteria are not sufficient to define multiple types of aphantasia and proposes that evaluations with multi-sensory imagery may help further characterize aphantasia for other types of sensory modality.
Polydopamine-based Polysaccharide Materials for Water Treatment
Authors: Liu Fangfei , Jamal Ruxangul , Abdiryim Tursun , Liu Xiong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Low-cost polysaccharides, such as cellulose, chitosan, chitin and alginate, have come into people’s sight for water treatment. Nevertheless, their treatment efficiency and capability are sometimes unsatisfactory because of the lack of active sites and functionalities. In recent years, more and more attentions have been paid to the integration of polydopamine (PDA) into polysaccharide-based materials to develop high-performance products for wastewater treatment. PDA modification can endow polysaccharides with plentiful functional moieties (including catechol, amine, and phenyl groups) for binding heavy metals and organic pollutants. PDA coatings may increase interfacial stability and hydrophilicity for oil/water separation. PDA also may anchor various catalysts for catalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the good light-harvesting capability and photothermal transformation feature of PDA are available for solar-driven water purification. This review aims to give the comprehensive overview on the development of PDA-based polysaccharide materials for water treatment. PDA-based polysaccharide materials can be made into cost-effective and high-performance products (including hydrogels, aerogels, membrane, beads and nanocomposites) for adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants, oil/water separation, catalytic degradation of organic pollutants, and solar-driven water purification. This review will give a valuable information for the design and exploitation of PDA-based polysaccharide materials in water treatment.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Inhaled Versus Infused Milrinone in the Management of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants in Resource-Limited Settings A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Choobdr Farhad Abolhasan , Shahhoseini Peyman , Vahedi Zahra , Khosravi Nastaran , Khalesi Nasrin , Ghassemzadeh Maral 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Standard treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN) is inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), which is not available in Iran. Consequently, other drugs such as milrinone are prescribed. So far, no study has investigated the effect of inhaled milrinone on the management of PPHN.Our study was designed for better management of PPHN in the absence of iNO.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, neonates with PPHN admitted Neonatal intensive care unit of Hazrat Ali Asghar and Akbarabadi hospitals were treated with intravenous dopamine infusion and randomly divided into two groups receiving injectable and inhaled milrinone. Neonates were evaluated by Doppler echocardiography, clinical status, and oxygen demand. Patients were also evaluated for clinical symptoms and mortality during follow-up. Results: A total of 31 infants with median age of 2 days (IQR: 4) were studied. There was a significant decrease in peak and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in both inhalation and infusion group following milrinone administration, with no statistical difference. (P=0.584 and 0.147, respectively). There was no significant difference among the frequency of tricuspid regurgitation and systolic blood pressure before and after treatment among two groups. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower in infusion group after treatment (P=0.020), however, the amount of decrease was not statistically significant among two groups (P=0.928). Overall, 83.9% achieved full recovery, of which 75% were among infusion groups while 93.3% were among inhalation group. (P=0.186)Conclusion: Inhaled milrinone can have similar effects with injected milrinone as an adjunct in the management of PPHN. Also, the results indicate similar safety for both intravenous and inhaled prescriptions. . Trial registration: IRCT code of this RCT trial is iIRCT20220130053890N1 and its Ethical verification code is IR.IUMS.FMD.REC.1400.493.
Applying Machine Learning to create a Surrogate Model for Adaptive Control of Optical Amplifier
Authors: Freitas Leandro , Silva Allan da , Barboza Erick , Bastos-Filho Carmelo , Martins-Filho Joaquim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Adaptive Control of the optical amplifier Operating Point (ACOP) is one of the problems presented in the challenge of Dynamic operation in optical communication networks. The ACOP approaches aim to define the gains of the optical amplifiers dynamically to increase the transmission quality after a cascade of amplifiers. The most recent ACOP approach uses a multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm to define the gains of the amplifiers to maximize the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and minimize OSNR ripple. Despite the promising results regarding Quality of Transmission, relying on an evolutionary algorithm to make decisions in real-time is not desirable because its iterative method usually implies a high execution time. In previous work, we proposed a surrogate model that can obtain solutions as good as the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm but in less time. We considered five Machine Learning (ML) regression techniques, trained with the optimization algorithm solutions. This article extends the previous work by experimenting with different link lengths, analyzing how the solution is impacted given different numbers of amplifiers on the link. Results showed that the regression median error is less than 1 dB for all cases. One regressor can be used to define amplifiers' gains and variable optical attenuators' losses of an entire optical link. It also showed that the most straightforward regressor is 28,000 times faster than the evolutionary optimization approach.
Utilizing Implementation Science to Identify Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Harm Reduction Services in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA)
Authors: Harvey Leah , Sliwinski Samantha K. , Flike Kimberlee , Boudreau Jacqueline , Gifford Allen L. , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Hyde Justeen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Rising rates of substance use, particularly the use of synthetic opioids, have led to increases in fatal overdoses and injection-associated infections. Harm reduction, including infection prevention via provision of educational interventions and sterile syringes and other supplies, is an approach to minimize risk of severe outcomes. Although harm reduction services (HRS) are highly evidence-based, implementation in most healthcare settings has been limited. The aim of this study was to identify facilitators and barriers to the implementation of HRS to inform strategies for increasing access and facilitating the adoption of a comprehensive bundle of harm reduction resources within the VHA. Methods:Qualitative interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews explored how harm reduction is currently understood and implemented by VHA providers and elicited input on perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation. Data were analyzed using a directed content analysis. After barriers and facilitators were identified, they were mapped to relevant implementation strategies using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research - Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (CFIR – ERIC) tool. Results:15 interviews with VHA providers (physicians, social workers, pharmacists, and directors of addiction and mental health services) were conducted across 5 sites. Multiple barriers and few facilitators to the provision of HRS were identified. Existing HRS were thought to be fragmented and dependent on the knowledge, time, and comfort level of individual providers. Participants also highlighted stigma around substance use, limited support, and burdensome regulatory requirements. Existing infrastructure, social programming, and local champions were highlighted as facilitators. Given these factors, implementation strategies that may be bundled to promote adoption of HRS include engagement of champions, communications and educational strategies, existing policies, and creation of dashboards, tracking, and feedback systems. Conclusions: HRS are effective and evidence-based, yet their adoption into traditional healthcare settings has been limited. Mapping of barriers to evidence-based implementation strategies may help improve integration of HRS into VHA healthcare, however, challenges addressing stigma remain a substantial barrier. More research is needed to identify implementation strategies that are most effective for addressing barriers imposed by stigma.
Naturally-aged microglia exhibit phagocytic dysfunction accompanied by gene expression changes reflective of underlying neurologic disease
Authors: Thomas Alyssa L. , Lehn Maria A. , Janssen Edith M. , Hildeman David A. , Chougnet Claire A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Age-associated microglial dysfunction contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-b (Ab) plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Although several studies have shown age-related declines in the phagocytic capacity of myeloid cells, relatively few have examined phagocytosis of normally aged microglia. Furthermore, much of the existing data on aging microglial function have been generated in accelerated genetic models of Alzheimer’s disease. Here we found that naturally aged microglia phagocytosed less Ab over time. To gain a better understanding of such dysfunction, we assessed differences in gene expression between young and old microglia that either did or did not phagocytose Ab. Young microglia had both phagocytic and neuronal maintenance signatures indicative of normal microglial responses, whereas, old microglia, regardless of phagocytic status, exhibit signs of broad dysfunction reflective of underlying neurologic disease states. We also found downregulation of many phagocytic receptors on old microglia, including TREM2, an Ab phagocytic receptor. TREM2 protein expression was diminished in old microglia and loss of TREM2+microglia was correlated with impaired Ab uptake, suggesting a mechanism for phagocytic dysfunction in old microglia. Combined, our work reveals that normally aged microglia have broad changes in gene expression, including defects in Ab phagocytosis that likely underlies the progression to neurologic disease.
Mechanical and microstructure analysis of sustainable concrete using paper waste
Authors: Chandar S. Prakash , Gunasekaran K. , Ravichandran P.T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This research work carried out the employment of waste, paper as an additive material in concrete. The mixture of waste material like adding waste paper as a partial additive to the weight of the cement required in the concrete mix. This research focuses on the study of microstructure analysis, and mechanical properties. Also develop the correlation between the microstructure analysis, and mechanical properties. The waste paper with the concrete achieves strength due to the presence of hydrogen bonds, in the microstructure of paper. The waste paper has comparatively less in cost with other alternative building materials. The quantity of waste paper used in concrete after the saturated surface dryness test (SSD) is 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The optimum percentage of waste paper addition in concrete is 10% and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows that the C-S-H formation for proper bonding in concrete. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) image depicts the crystallographic structure of waste paper with concrete. The waste paper added in concrete compound helps to reduce the waste in the environment.
Tinea Capitis in Combination with Tinea of the Eyebrow Due to Microsporum Canis
Authors: zeng jing , Shan Baihui , Guo Lu , Li Fuqiu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We reported a case of tinea capitis in combination with tinea of the eyebrow due to Microsporum canis. Bright green fluorescence was observed on areas of both his scalp and his left eyebrow under Wood’s lamp. Dermoscopy revealed comma hairs, barcode-like hairs, white sheaths, a coiled hair on his left eyebrow and a barcode-like hair, white sheaths on his scalp. Microsporum canis were isolated from the fungal culture of both his scalp and his left eyebrow. The boy was cured after treatment with oral itraconazole and topical terbinafine for 4 weeks.
A novel method for improving damage detectability in nonlinear wave modulation: Modeling and design of a driving system
Authors: Sepehry Naserodin , Asadi Sina , Ehsani Mohammad , Zhu Weidong , Nejad Firooz Bakhtiari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear wave modulation (NWM) is a nonlinear health monitoring technique that allows for the early detection of minor faults and damages. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel, low-cost and portable device to improve the damage index (DI) in the NWM. 2D spectral ﬁnite element method is used to model the electromechanical coupling between piezoelectric patches, an inductor and a structure in a feasibility study. In the simulation, an inductor is attached to each actuator to compare the results with those without an inductor. A speciﬁc inductance value is selected for the piezoelectric transducer to achieve resonance, which results in an increased voltage amplitude. A circuit that is inexpensive and portable has been designed and implemented. The results of two experimental setups, an aluminum beam with boundary loosening and a sandwich panel with bolt loosening as damage, are compared with those of the NWM without an inductor. The average of sidebands as a DI is then compared for various frequency combinations using the two NWM techniques i.e. with and without an inductor.
Determination of Risk Awareness and Knowledge Levels of First Degree Relatives of Colorectal Cancer Patients; The Case of Turkey
Authors: TEMIZ Gamze , DOGER Berna Nur BERKER , AKIN Semiha , BAYRAM Zeyno 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Since genetic factor is an important factor in the occurrence of cancer in colorectal cancer, risk awareness and knowledge level of first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer is very important in cancer prevention.
Aim
This study was conducted to determine the knowledge level of first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients about colorectal cancer and their awareness of colorectal cancer risk factors.
Method
This is a descriptive study. 251 patients undergoing chemotherapy with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer in a university hospital constituted the sample of the study. The data were obtained by face-to-face interview method using the Information Form and the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Knowledge and Awareness Levels of Colorectal Cancers.
Results
The mean score of the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Knowledge and Awareness Levels of Colorectal Cancers was found to be 10.61 ± 5.65. This score indicated that individuals undergoing chemotherapy with a family history of colorectal cancer had a moderate level of knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancer. Two-thirds of the participants reported that they had knowledge that diabetes, obesity, lifestyle, smoking and alcohol use increased the risk of colorectal cancer.
Conclusion
The results revealed that It was observed that elderly, low educated, male and rural-dwelling participants needed more education on improving the level of knowledge and awareness about colorectal cancers.
Implications for Practice:
In order to prevent colorectal cancer and reduce the burden of disease, it is seen that first-degree patient relatives need to be more conscious and educated.