bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Implementation of Active Learning Strategies for Effective Use of In-class Hour to Achieve Complete Knowledge Transfer in an Engineering Course
Authors: Kamath Sunil Bola 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Active Learning encompasses a much wider scope in teaching than conventionally presumed in current teaching learning scenarios as it has the potential to identify and fuel learning of students at the under graduate level. It includes the ARCS model, effective lecturing, active learning activities, dynamic classroom considering various learning styles, flipped mode of learning, simulations planning, smart board learning, collaborative learning and finally evaluating the outcomes with rubric creation. Each of these is a challenge to understand and implement for teachers nonetheless worth the effort. The paper discusses Implementation of each of these paradigms in greater detail, which helped engineering teachers excel at their work by knowing how to carefully prepare, plan and implement effective lecture sessions using these techniques. The paper holds an optimistic view for active learning when compared to traditional classroom learning which do not involve students in activities in classroom. The implementation details with corresponding results have been discussed.
Increased retinoic acid signalling decreases lung metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by inhibiting the noncanonical Notch1 pathway
Authors: Kong Lu , Zhou Mengjiao , Yang Jiajie , Ma Tingyao , Feng Gexuan , Wang Xuelian , Wang Liyong , Ge Yuze , Gao Ran , Liu Hongliang , Shan Lin , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation are hallmark genetic events familiar in SACC that promote lung metastasis. However, abnormal expression of MYB and NOTCH1 was also observed in without MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation. Here, through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and exome target capture sequencing in two SACC patients without MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation, we explore in-depth the molecular mechanisms of lung metastasis. Twenty-five types of cells in primary and metastatic tissues were identified via Seurat clustering and categorized into four main stages ranging from near normal to cancer state based on the normal tissue occupancy for each cell cluster. In this context, we identified the Notch signalling pathway enrichment in almost all cancer cells; trajectory and sub-clustering analyses investigated deeply cancer progenitor-like cell clusters in primary tumour-associated lung metastases, in which signature genes enriched in the ‘MYC_TARGETS_V2’ gene set. In vitro, we detected the complexes of the NICD1-MYB-MYC by Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and incidentally identified retinoic acid (RA) signalling as endogenous antagonists of the ‘MYC_TARGETS_V2’ gene set. Following this, we validate that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduces the lung metastasis in SACC via correcting erroneous cell differentiation mainly caused by aberrant NOTCH1 or MYB expression. Bioinformatic and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of four primary tissues and eleven metastatic lung tissues from patients with SACC suggested that RA system insufficiency partially promotes lung metastasis. These findings imply the value of diagnosis and treatment of the RA system.
‘Something that facilitates our work…rather than a hindrance’: Clinical pharmacist perspectives on the use of data analytics to support polypharmacy medication reviews in primary care
Authors: Ruth Hurley , Jury Francine , Tjeerd P. van Staa , Palin Victoria , Christopher J. Armitage 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Polypharmacy and overprescribing pose an enormous challenge to safe healthcare and efficient use of resources. Patient record data could inform safer prescribing and deprescribing, but it is unclear how these complex data should be summarised and displayed to clinicians. The current study examined the perspectives of clinical pharmacists (CPs), a newly expanding workforce of primary care medication specialists, to explore ways that novel analytics could help improve health outcomes for frail and elderly (>65yrs) patients.Methods: Primary care clinical pharmacists (n=14) discussed examples and uses of analytics in a participatory design workshop. Data presented comprised of risk scores of negative outcomes for frail and elderly with polypharmacy derived from patient record data. Verbal and textual contributions were analysed using the framework method of exploratory content analysis. Results: Overarching themes of data uses, reservations and digital tools acceptance factors were identified. Participants valued several uses of polypharmacy analytics including clinical effects of drug-drug interactions, and risk scores to highlight high-risk patients (including cumulative medication risks). They expressed concerns that their current digital systems contribute to cognitive overload, and whether analytics could be relied upon. Experience of existing barriers mean that CPs’ acceptance of digital analytics tools is heavily contingent on ease of use, clear targeting and ability to support clinicians’ understanding and confidence in the strengths, limitations, and validity of using the analytics in patient care decisions. Conclusions: CPs would benefit from digital systems designed to better meet the needs of their role. Analytics from patient records could help address a concerning deficit in evidence of the real world clinical effects of polypharmacy medication interactions and help clinicians prioritise medication reviews. Clinical digital tools must be carefully designed to help, not hinder clinicians. Criteria are suggested to inform user-focused onward development of acceptable analytics.
The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption, Fertiliser Consumption and Agricultural Economic Growth on Agricultural Carbon Emissions: An Application of FMOLS and DOLS Approaches
Authors: Zwane Talent Thebe , Udimal Thomas Bilaliib , Pakmoni Lariba 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We used data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation for the period 1990 to 2019 to investigate the impact of renewable energy consumption and agricultural economic growth on agricultural carbon emissions in Africa. Thirty-four countries were included in the study based on the availability of data. This paper is the first to examine this association in Africa and sheds light on the empirical puzzle by implementing panel fully modified ordinary least square (PFMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (PDOLS) estimation techniques. The empirical results established that agriculture growth had a strong, statistically significant positive impact on agricultural carbon emissions. However, the results on quadratic show a negative relationship between agriculture growth and agricultural carbon emissions. The results showed a negative relationship between renewable energy consumption and agricultural carbon emissions. On Granger causality, the result shows that there is a unidirectional causality between agriculture growth and agricultural carbon emissions. Based on these findings, we recommend that countries promote and encourage the use of renewable energy to curb agricultural carbon emissions. There is a need to adopt agricultural practices that have the potential to limit carbon emissions.
Carbon-Doped TiO2/ZIF-8 Composite for Solar Light Harvested Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Semwal Anubhi , Sajwan Devanshu , Rawat Jyoti , Gambhir Lokesh , Sharma Himani , Dwivedi Charu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Zinc imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been extensively studied as photocatalysts and have shown promising results. Herein we are reporting a composite of carbon-doped TiO2 (C-TiO2) and ZIF-8 for solar light harvested methylene blue degradation. Pure ZIF-8 is an ultraviolet entity with a wide band gap energy of 4.9 eV due to which the analysis of its visible light assisted photocatalytic performance is a challenging task. C-TiO2 has been chosen owing to its low band gap energy as compared to TiO2 which enables the free radical initiated reaction to shift in the visible region instead of the ultraviolet region. The doping of C-TiO2 in the ZIF-8 matrix accounts for the abatement in the band gap energy of the C-TiO2/ZIF-8 composite. Moreover, ZIF-8's large surface area makes it easier for pollutants to adhere to the catalyst's surface. To construct a C-TiO2/ZIF-8 heterostructure, the zinc based ZIF matrix has been built upon the exterior of C-TiO2 nanoparticles. UV-Vis-DRS spectroscopy confirmed the reduction in the band gap of the composite in contrast to ZIF-8. The XRD analysis revealed the reduction in the average d-spacing as well as the average crystallite size. Raman spectra analysis confirmed the blue shift in Zn-N stretching band. The prepared composite of ZIF-8 decorated on C-TiO2 showed an efficient capacity of solar light harvested degradation of methylene blue which follows pseudo first-order kinetics.
Promoting Climate Resilient Sustainable Agriculture through Participatory System Dynamics with Crop-Water-Income Dynamics
Authors: GORRIPATI RAVI , Thakur Mainak , Kolagani Nagesh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The groundwater shortage for agriculture in upland villages in southern India has revealed the inter-relationship between the farmers' income, crop, and water with social, economic, and climatic variables. System Dynamics models such complex problems and leads to more effective solutions if done with stakeholder participation. In this work, participatory System Dynamics modeling of crop-water-income dynamics has been carried out in a village with the last five decades' data to develop an action plan for ecologically and economically sustainable agriculture. Causal loop diagrams and Stocks-and-flows diagrams were developed and validated through stakeholders' focused group discussions and individual meetings. Multiple 'what-if' scenarios suggested by stakeholders are simulated and analyzed. The benefits of less water-intensive, chemical-free, climate-resilient 'Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)' are clear compared to other scenarios. A post-project survey indicated that 90% of stakeholders agreed that the framework is unbiased, encourages new ideas, and promotes a better understanding of the issues.
Inhibition of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters (VGLUTs) with Chicago Sky Blue 6B Before Focal Cerebral Ischemia Offers Neuroprotection.
Authors: Pomierny Bartosz , Krzyżanowska Weronika , Skórkowska Alicja , Jurczyk Jakub , Bystrowska Beata , Budziszewska Bogusława , Pera Joanna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in the world. Interruption of the blood supply to the brain is a direct stimulus for many pathological events. The massive vesicular release of glutamate (Glu) after ischemia onset induces excitotoxicity, which is a potent stress on neurons. Loading of presynaptic vesicles with Glu is the first step of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Vesicular glutamate transporters 1, 2, and 3 (VGLUT1, 2 and 3) are the main players involved in filling presynaptic vesicles with Glu. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 are expressed mainly in glutamatergic neurons. Therefore, the possibility of pharmacological modulation to prevent ischemia-related brain damage is attractive. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of focal cerebral ischemia on the spatiotemporal expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in rats. Next, we investigated the influence of VGLUT inhibition with Chicago Sky Blue 6B (CSB6B) on Glu release and stroke outcome. The effect of CSB6B pretreatment on infarct volume and neurological deficit was compared with a reference model of ischemic preconditioning. The results of this study indicate that ischemia upregulated the expression of VGLUT1 in the cerebral cortex and in the dorsal striatum 3 days after ischemia onset. The expression of VGLUT2 was elevated in the dorsal striatum and in the cerebral cortex 24 h and 3 days after ischemia, respectively. Microdialysis revealed that pretreatment with CSB6B significantly reduced the extracellular Glu concentration. Altogether, this study shows that inhibition of VGLUTs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for the future.
Properties of the SSIM metric in medical image assessment: Correspondence between measurements and the spatial frequency spectrum
Authors: Maruyama Sho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In radiological imaging, the acquisition of the required diagnostic image quality under optimized conditions is important. Although techniques based on structural similarity (SSIM) have been investigated, concerns have been raised regarding their application to medical images. This study aims to clarify the properties of SSIM as an image quality index in medical images, focusing on digital radiography and verifying the correspondence between the evaluation results obtained by SSIM and the frequency spectrum. The analysis target was chest X-ray images of a human-body phantom. Two types of filtering were applied to the images, and several regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in local areas for analysis. The SSIM was measured using the unprocessed data as a reference while changing the calculation parameters, and the spatial frequency spectrum of each local region was analyzed. As a result, a significant effect of ROI size was observed when calculating the SSIM. This indicates that a the larger the ROI size leads to SSIM values closer to 1 for all analysis conditions. In addition, a relationship between the size of the ROI in the analysis and the frequency components is demonstrated. It was shown that the careful attention should be paid to the structures included in the ROI, and parameter settings should be reconsidered. Furthermore, when using SSIM to assess medical images, a multiscale SSIM method obtained by changing the ROI size would be useful.
A Novel Framework for Nonparametric Rainfall Generator Based on Deep Convolutional Wasserstein Generative Networks (DC-WGANs)
Authors: Mirzaei Majid , Dehghani Adnan , Dehghani Amin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A novel rainfall generator based on Deep convolutional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (DC-WGANs) is implemented to generate spatial-temporal hourly rainfall for the Kelantan River basin in Malaysia. DC-WGAN as a deep generative model consists of two deep neural networks, generator and discriminator, which compete against each other in a min-max game. The final output of this contest is a generator capable of generating unlimited realistic samples from the dataset. The novelty of our generator is converting time series rainfall data of multi-station to images, then building realistic images based on them, and finally converting back to multivariate time series rainfall. Models' outcomes were reasonable in terms of occurrence, extremes, and amount of rainfall, in hourly, daily, and yearly time resolutions. The model's ability to cover a wide range of rainfall variability can be used in uncertainty analysis and dataset augmentation. In our limited number of stations, a high correlation between synthetic data and original data was observed, ranging R from 0.97 to 0.99; also, despite other nonparametric methods, the proposed generator was able to generate extreme events in good quality and quantity. The conclusion is drawn from a case study in Malaysia but can be generalized worldwide by using global data.
Cavitation characteristics and suppression of pilot stage two-dimensional valve
Authors: Zhao Yonghua , Xing Tong , Ding Chuan , Wang Heyuan , Ruan Jian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The two-dimensional (2D) valve integrates the spool pilot and power stages to realize the valve's fast operation and high-frequency response. It has the advantages of simple structure, stable performance, and large power-to-weight ratio. In this paper, the cavitation flow in the pilot stage of the 2D valve is analyzed utilizing computational fluid dynamics. The effects of inlet and outlet pressure difference, outlet pressure, and valve opening velocity on cavitation are studied, and a U-shaped groove structure is designed to restrain cavitation. The results demonstrate that the greater the pressure difference, the higher is the cavitation intensity. Furthermore, the cavitation intensity increases with decrease in outlet pressure. The cavitation phenomenon occurs in the 2D valve pilot stage when the valve opening speed is high, and there is no cavitation in the flow channel with the decrease of the valve opening speed. After U-shaped grooves are opened on both sides of the valve sleeve groove, the cavitation number in the 2D valve pilot stage increases significantly compared with the original inclined groove structure under the same pressure difference. Additionally, the effect of restraining cavitation is pronounced with the increase of the width–depth ratio of U-shaped grooves, and the cavitation number increases.
Shrink of an ocean gyre in the Pacific Arctic and Atlantification open a door of shadow zone
Authors: Nishino Shigeto , Jung Jinyoung , Cho Kyoung-Ho , Williams Bill , Fujiwara Amane , Murata Akihiko , Itoh Motoyo , Aoyama Michio , Yamamoto-Kawai Michiyo , Kikuchi Takashi , Yang Eun Jin , Kang Sung-Ho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The Arctic Ocean is now facing dramatic environmental and ecosystem changes. In this context, an international multiship survey project was undertaken in 2020 to obtain current baseline data. For the first time, extremely low dissolved oxygen and acidified water were found in a fishable area of the western Arctic Ocean. The data suggested that the Beaufort Gyre shrank to the east of an ocean ridge and formed a front between the water within the gyre and the water expanded from the eastern Arctic. That phenomenon triggered a frontal northward flow that was 2–3 times faster than before. This flow could transport the low oxygen and acidified water, which had ever appeared only in the shelf-slope of the East Siberian Sea, toward the fishable area.
Distinctive blood CD56bright NK cell subset profile and increased NKG2D expression in CD56bright NK cells in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lee Jae-Kyung , Weber Stephen , Menees Kelly , Agin-Liebes Julian , Lin Chih-Chun , Alcalay Roy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mounting data suggest an important role of the immune system in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Previous evidence of increased natural killer (NK) cell populations in PD suggests a potential role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. Previous studies have analyzed NK populations using aggregation by a variable expression of CD56 and CD16. It remains unknown what differences may exist between NK cell subpopulations when stratified using more nuanced classification. Here we profile NK cell subpopulations and elucidate the expressions of activating NKG2D receptor, inhibitory NKG2A receptor, and homing CX3CR1 receptor on NK cell subpopulations in PD and healthy controls (HC). The cryopreserved PBMC samples were analyzed using a 10-color flow cytometry panel to assess NK cell subpopulations on 36 individuals with sporadic PD and 35 HC participants. Among PD cases, we observed that NKG2D frequency and expression level was higher in CD56bright NK populations in patients with more severe motor symptoms as measured by the UPDRS III. Additionally, NKG2D expression intensity in CD56bright NK populations was associated with disease duration. NK subpopulations revealed a significant difference in CD56brightCD16+/− NK cell subpopulations, with all PD groups showing significantly greater expression of NKG2D on CD56brightCD16bright NK cells compared to HC. Overall, we identified changes in NK profiles in PD that change with disease duration and motor symptom severity. Future studies should assess whether these changes in NK populations account for disease progression.
A Description of Experiences of Women and Significant others in Accessing Comprehensive Healthcare in the First 1000 Days of Life Post-conception During COVID-19 in Rural Uganda
Authors: Nakate Mary-Grace , Fleming Valerie , MacKay Sean , Ndirangu-Mugo Eunice 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 presented an unprecedented global public health challenge because of its rapid and relentless spread, and many countries instituted lockdowns to prevent the spread of infection. Although this strategy may have been appropriate to reduce infection, it presented unintended difficulties in rural Uganda, especially in maternal and newborn care. For example, some services were suspended, meaning the nearest health facility was at a considerable distance. Aim: This study explored the experiences of women and their significant others of comprehensive care in the first 1000 days of life post-conception during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bunghokho-Mutoto sub-county, Mbale District, Uganda.Methodology: A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used with data collected in semi-structured interviews. Women (pregnant or with a child under 2 years) and their significant others were purposively recruited for this study. The sample size (N=14) was determined by data saturation. Results: Data were analysed using thematic analysis. One theme emerged ‘Increasing barriers to healthcare’, which encompassed six sub-themes: accessing healthcare, distressing situations, living in fear, making forced choices, and navigating the gatekeepers, and ‘coping with increased poverty.Conclusion: This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic increased barriers to accessing healthcare services in the region. Participants’ narratives emphasised the lack of access to expert care and the shortage of skilled health workers, especially midwives.
A Comparative Study of Two Adenoidectomy Technics for Efficacy and Safety: Conventional Curettage Adenoidectomy versus Endoscopic Microdebrider Adenoidectomy
Authors: Yanılmaz Muhammed , AKDUMAN DAVUT 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Conventional cold curettage adenoidectomy(CCA) is the most used method for Adenoidectomy. With the advances in surgical instruments, endoscopy assisted less invasive techniques are coming into use. Herein we compared CCA with endoscopic microdebrider adenoidectomy(EMA) in terms of safety and recurrence.Methods: Patients who underwent adenoidectomy in our clinic between 2009-2021 years were included into the study. Study performed retrospectively. Patients operated with CCA accepted as GroupA and EMA as GroupB. Two groups compared for the recurrence rate and post-operative complications. Results: We studied 833 children aged between 3-12 years (mean 4,2 years old), had adenoidectomy, including 482 male(57.86%) and 351 female(42.14%). There were 473 patients in GroupA, and 360 patients in GroupB. Seventeen patients(%3.59) in GroupA had reoperation for the recurrence of adenoid tissue. There was no recurrence in GroupB. Residual tissue, recurrent hypertrophy, and postoperative otitis media rates were higher in GroupA, and this was statistically significant(p<0.05). Whereas ventilation tube insertion rates didn’t differ significantly(p>0.05). Although hypernasality rate at second week was slightly higher in GroupB, this was not statistically significant(p>0.05), and in further period it resolved in all patients. No major complications were reported. Conclusion: Our study indicates that EMA is a safer technique than CCA, and prominent postoperative complications like residual adenoid tissue, recurrent adenoid hypertrophy, and postoperative otitis media with effusion rates are lower.
Spatiotemporal expression profiling of HvGA20ox, HvGA3ox and HvGA2ox transcripts for lodging resistance under different water conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Liaqat Shoaib , Saddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Ikram Rao Muhammad , Ali Imtiaz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.