bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of circuit exercise training on cardiorespiratory indices, body image,
and body composition of obese undergraduates at a Nigerian University
Authors: John Jeneviv , Nnaji Ujunwa , Okezue Obinna , Nnadozie Ugochukwu , John Davidson , Ezeukwu Antoninus , Mgbeojedo Ukamaka , Enyanwuma Ifeanyi 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionObesity is a disease that adversely affects quality of life, mortality and morbidity and it is associated with a sedentary lifestyle. This study evaluated the effect of circuit-exercise training on the cardiorespiratory indices, body image, and body composition in obese undergraduate students.MethodsNinety obese undergraduates (69 females and 21 Males) were assigned to either a circuit-exercise training group/study or a non-exercise/control group. The exercise program comprised of 40 minutes of circuit-training (resistance and aerobic) sessions, performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Participants rotated between stations with 20 seconds rest in between; as well as warm up and cool down periods. Moderate exercise-intensity was performed at 50%–70% of the age-predicted heart rate reserve. Pre (baseline) and post (at 6 weeks) values of cardiovascular parameters, body image, and body composition parameters were evaluated. Demographic data were summarized with descriptive statistics while significant differences within and between groups were determined using paired and independent sample t-tests, respectively. Statistical significance was accepted for all tests at a value of <i>p</i> < 0.05.ResultsFindings from the results showed no significant difference in the mean body image, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio between the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). A significant difference was observed between the groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the mean aerobic capacity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, percentage body fat, and muscle mass.ConclusionsA 6-week circuit training had a favorable but not significant effect on body image. Aerobic capacity, cardiovascular parameters, and some body composition parameters had significant changes.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP IBU HAMIL TENTANG MAMFAAT PSIDIUM GUAJAVA DALAM PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SEI BAMBAN KECAMATAN BATANG SERANGAN KAB. LANGKAT
Authors: Noviyanti Rizki , Handayani Purnama 
Published: February 2022

Anemia yang terjadi pada saat hamil dapat disebabkan karena banyaknya wanita yang memulai kehamilan dengan cadangan makanan yang kurang atau sebelum hamil sudah mengalami anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Ibu Hamil Tentang Psidium Guajava Dalam Pencegahan Anemia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sei Bamban Kecamatan Batang Serangan Kab. Langkat.
Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif analitik yaitu suatu penelitian yang mencoba menggali bagaimana dan mengapa fenomena kesehatan itu terjadi dan rancangan penelitian yaitu survey cross sectional. Selain itu juga diperhatikan bahwa sampel yang dipilih harus menunjukkan segala karakteristik populasi sehingga tercermin dalam sampel yang dipilih, dengan kata lain sampel harus dapat menggambarkan keadaan populasi yang sebenarnya atau mewakili (representatif). Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang.Teknik pengampulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner dan lembar observasi responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Uji Che Square.
Dari hasil uji statistik dengan menggunakan Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa p = 0,002 yang berarti Ho diterima (p value< 0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Ibu Hamil Tentang Psidium Guajava Dalam Pencegahan Anemia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sei Bamban Kecamatan Batang Serangan Kab. Langkat.
Penelitian ini berarti ada terdapat Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Ibu Hamil Tentang Psidium Guajava Dalam Pencegahan Anemia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sei Bamban Kecamatan Batang Serangan Kab. Langkat
Quantification of potential methane emissions associated with organic matter amendments following oxic-soil inundation
Authors: Scott Brian , Baldwin Andrew H. , Yarwood Stephanie A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions are a potent contributor to global warming, and wetlands can be a significant CH4 source. In a microcosm
study, we evaluated how the practice of amending soils with organic matter as part of wetland restoration projects may affect CH4 production
potential. Organic amendments including hay, manure, biosolids, composted yard waste, and wood mulch were evaluated at three different levels. Using
1 L glass microcosms, we measured the production of biogenic gases over 60 d in two soils designated by texture: a sandy loam (SL)
and a sandy clay loam (SCL). Fresh organic amendments increased CH4 production, leading to potentially higher global warming potential and
wetland C loss, and CH4 production was more pronounced in SL. We observed biogenic gas production in two sequential steady-state
phases: Phase 1 produced some CH4 but was mostly carbon dioxide (CO2), followed by Phase 2, 2 to 6 weeks later, with higher total
gas and nearly equal amounts of CH4 and CO2. If this is generally true in soils, it may be appropriate to report CH4
emissions in the context of inundation duration. The CH4 from the SCL soil ranged from
0.003–0.8 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 1 to 0.75–28 cm3kg-1d-1 in
Phase 2 and from SL range from 0.03–16 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 1 to 1.8–64 cm3kg-1d-1 in
Phase 2. Adding fresh organic matter (e.g., hay) increased concentrations of ferrous iron (Fe2+), whereas in some cases composted organic
matter decreased both Fe2+ concentrations and CH4 production. Methanogenesis normally increases following the depletion of
reducible Fe; however, we observed instances where this was not the case, suggesting other biogeochemical mechanisms contributed to the shift in
gas production.
Manajemen alur proses produksi udang windu beku dengan metode Individual Quick Frozen di PT. Madsumaya Indo Seafood, Gresik
Authors: Husnah Siti , Yuliana Yuliana , Ratnawati Ratnawati 
Published: February 2022

Produk udang beku merupakan produk olahan perikanan yang bernilai ekonomis dan tinggi akan gizi, sehingga banyak permintaan akan produk udang berupa udang segar baik di dalam negeri maupun di luar negeri. Banyaknya permintaan akan produk udang maka dari itu cara pengolahannya harus diperhatikan agar udang tidak mengalami kerusakan dan pembusukan pada saat pemenuhan permintaan konsumen. Salah satu cara pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk tetap menjaga kualitas dan mutu udang adalah metode pembekuan. Udang windu dapat diolah menjadi produk beku jenis Peeled Deveined Tail On (PDTO) dengan metode pembekuan Individual Quick Frozen (IQF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen alur proses produksi udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fabr.) beku dengan metode Individual Quick Frozen (IQF). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, partisipasi langsung di lapangan, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajemen alur proses produksi dalam pembekuan udang windu jenis PDTO dimulai dari penerimaan bahan baku, penanganan awal, sortir Head On (HO), Pemotongan Kepala (PK), penimbangan III, pencucian III, sortir Head Less (HL), pengecekan, pencucian IV, pengupasan, pencucian V, tiris, penimbangan IV, cek akhir, pencucian VI, tiris, penimbangan V, perendaman, penimbangan VI, pembekuan dengan mesin IQF, penimbangan beku, penggelasan, pengemasan dan pelabelan sementara, penyimpanan beku, serta pelabelan dan pengepakan.
Incidence of Sterile Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Dogs Treated with Cyclophosphamide and Low-Dose Furosemide
Authors: Iwaki Yoshimi , Gagnon Jerome , MacDonald-Dickinson Valerie 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Cyclophosphamide is a commonly used chemotherapy in the treatment of lymphoma. It can cause sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC), and furosemide is used to decrease the incidence of SHC. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of SHC in dogs treated with a bolus maximum tolerated dose of oral cyclophosphamide and oral furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Medical records were reviewed to determine the incidence of SHC, dose and number of oral cyclophosphamide treatments, and the dose of furosemide. Other side effects from cyclophosphamide were also recorded. Eighty-one client-owned dogs that received a single oral maximum tolerated dose of cyclophosphamide concurrent with oral furosemide as part of a chemotherapy protocol for lymphoma were included in the study. A total of 252 doses of cyclophosphamide were administered to 81 dogs. The median dose of cyclophosphamide was 239.3 mg/m2. The median dose of furosemide was 1.08 mg/kg. SHC was suspected in 2 dogs (2.46%). Concurrent use of furosemide at a dose of 1 mg/kg with cyclophosphamide yields a similar incidence of SHC than using a higher dose of furosemide as previously reported.
Effect of smoothing initial height field on vertical motion
Authors: SINGH U.S. , RATHOR H. S. 
Published: February 2022

The adiabatic and diabatic vertical velocities at 800, 600 and 400 mb surfaces were computed 4-1evel geostrophic baroclinic model over the Indian region. The 8moothing of initial height field in time and space following Shuman's technique has been done at each of the four levels 900, 700, 500 and 300 mb. The vertical velocities ccmputed by using smoothed and unsmoothed height data have been compared.
It has been found that smoothing of the initial height field reduces the magnitude of diabatic vertical velocity much more than the magnitude of adiabatic vertical velocity.
Fluctuations in the northern hemispheric winter circulations
Authors: MURAKAMI TAKIO , UNNINAYAR MANAKKAMPAD S. 
Published: February 2022

Between 12 and 16 January 1971, exceptionally large cloudiness was observed over Malaysia and Indonesia. The 700 mb winds over the western North Pacific and south China Sea between about l5oN and the equator, normally easterlies, were replaced by somewhat strong westerlies. Concurrently, near Japan (South Australia) the jet stream at 700 mb diminished (increased) substantially in speed. Below normal cloudiness was observed over eastern Asia, perhaps reflecting weak surface monsoonal surges over that region. At 200 mb, the E-W divergent circulations became well established over the equatorial western Pacific, presumably carrying excess energy supplied over the Indonesian region very far downstream to the equatorial central Pacific dry zone.
From 19 to 23 January 1971, below normal cloudiness existed over Malaysia and Indonesia in contrast to well above normal cloudiness over the south Indian Ocean and South Africa between about 5oS and l5oS. During that period, near equatorial westerlies at 700 mb disappeared from the Malaysian region, while they intensified over the equatorial Indian Ocean. At 200 mb, the jet stream near and to the east of Japan was exceptionally weak. Over the equatorial central Pacific, the E-W divergent circulation became ill defined, while N-S overturnings were more active than usual.
Geomagnetic field precursors associated with earthquakes
Authors: ARORA B. R. , SINGH B. P. 
Published: February 2022

An association between local geomagnetic field changes and earthquakes has been often reported since the later part of 19th century. Such possible 'seism magnetic' effects are interpreted to be due to the stress-induced change in the magnetization of rocks composing the earth ‘s crust. Observational trials to establish such association have suggested a strong correlation of the tectonic activity, such as earthquake occurrence or volcanism, with local anomalous areas where the secular change of geomagnetic field is larger than the normal one. Also the temporal fluctuation in the secular variation of the geomagnetic field corresponds to the maximum of seismic activity in the vicinity of observatory. In addition to this, the study of long-term behavior of induction vector of short period fluctuations suggests a sort of cyclic variation, the extremes of which appear to occur prior to large earthquakes. The changes in the transfer functions of such events tend to coincide with the occurrence of moderate and large earthquakes. The preliminary results of an analysis of geomagnetic data from Alibag indicate that seism magnetic effects of earthquakes in the Koyna region can be identified in the magnetic records of Alibag, which may provide a means of predicting earthquakes from Koyna region.
The Rainbow Reading Programme: A Review 20 years on.
Authors: Dobson Emma 
Published: February 2022

It has been 20 years since the Rainbow Reading programme was developed and trialled by its New Zealand creator, Meryl-Lynn Pluck. Rainbow Reading is an audio-facilitated reading programme, and is based on the method of assisted repeated reading. The programme is designed to provide older students reading below their chronological age with the opportunity to practise their fluency and comprehension at their instructional reading level. This article sets out to review the programme, drawing on the research evidence to evaluate Rainbow Reading’s validity and reliability as a reading intervention for use by educational practitioners in the New Zealand education context. Possible strengths and limitations of the programme are identified, and future directions for the programme are put forward. While the article concludes by suggesting some caution with regard to its use, it is evident that the effectiveness of an intervention such as Rainbow Reading is underpinned by practitioners taking an evidence-based approach in their professional practice.
PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA TENTANG PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH DAN SEHAT TATANAN RUMAH TANGGA DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019
Authors: Nelwan Jeini Ester , Sumampouw Oksfriani Jufri , Musa Ester Candrawati 
Published: February 2022

Corona virus disease 2019 (Covid 19) sedang melanda dunia termasuk Indonesia dan kota Manado. Oleh karena itu diperlukan upaya promosi kesehatan tentang upaya pencegahan Covid-19 seperti pelaksanaan PHBS tatanan rumah tangga. Kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui ceramah dan menggunakan media leaflet pada ibu rumah tangga yang tergabung pada PKK Dasawisma 2 Lingkungan 6 Kelurahan Taas Kecamatan Tikala Kota Manado sebanyak 30 orang. Variabel yang diukur yaitu tingkat pengetahuan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan tentang PHBS tatanan rumah tangga semuanya masuk pada kategori baik. Namun ada beberapa indikator yang masih perlu ditingkatkan seperti mencuci tangan dengan benar dan beraktifitas fisik setiap hari minimal 30 menit.

Corona virus disease (Covid 19) is currently sweeping the world, including Indonesia and the city of Manado. Therefore, health promotion efforts are needed regarding efforts to prevent Covid-19, such as implementing clean and healthy behavior in household. This activity was carried out through lectures and using leaflet media for 30 housewives who were members of the PKK Dasawisma 2 Lingkungan 6 Taas Subdistrict, Tikala District, Manado City. The variable measured is the level of knowledge using a questionnaire. The results of the activity show that based on the measurement of the level of knowledge about clean and healthy behavior in household into the good category. However, there are several indicators that still need to be improved, such as washing hands properly and doing physical activity every day for at least 30 minutes.
PENYULUHAN TENTANG VAKSINASI COVID-19 DAN PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN DI KAMPUNG BUNGALAWANG KECAMATAN TABUKAN TENGAH
Authors: Wuaten Grace Angel , Hinonaung Jelita Siska Herlina , Mahihody Astri Juwita 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak: Kegiatan Pengabdian Kemitraan Masyarakat Stimulus tentang vaksinasi COVID-19 dan pemeriksaan kesehatan telah dilaksanakan di Kampung Bungalawang Kecamatan Tabukan Tengah menggunakan metode penyuluhan dan pemeriksaan kadar asam urat, kolestrol, dan gula darah. Kegiatan penyuluhan dihadiri oleh 60 peserta. Pemberian materi penyuluhan antara lain tentang apa saja program pemerintah dalam menanggulangi penyebaran COVID-19, pengertian vaksin, vaksinasi, imunitas dan imunisasi, menjelaskan tentang manfaat vaksin, apakah vaksin adalah obat atau bukan, menjelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan Herd Immunity, bagaimana cara kerja vaksin, kandungan vaksin, sasaran vaksinasi, bagaimana prosedur kegiatan vaksinasi dan gejala yang mungkin muncul setelah di vaksin. Pemeriksaan kesehatan meliputi pemeriksaan asam urat, kolestrol dan gula darah. Kesimpulan masyarakat di Kampung Bungalawang telah mengikuti dan memahami penyuluhan kesehatan tentang vaksinasi. Selain itu, diketahuinya kadar kolesterol, gula darah dan asam urat sehingga masyarakat bisa segera menjalani pemeriksaan lanjutan di Fasilitas Kesehatan sebelum dilakukan vaksinasi

Abstract: Stimulus Community Partnership Service Activities regarding COVID-19 vaccination and health checks have been carried in Bungalawang Village, Tabukan Tengah District using counseling methods and checking uric acid, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. The counseling activity was attended by 60 participants. The provision of counseling materials includes, among other things, government programs in tackling the spread of COVID-19, understanding vaccines, vaccinations, immunity, and immunizations, explaining the benefits of vaccines, whether vaccines are drugs or not, explaining what is meant by Herd Immunity, how vaccines work. Remember, vaccine content, vaccination targets, how the procedure for vaccination activities, and symptoms that may appear after being vaccinated. Health checks include checking uric acid, cholesterol, and blood sugar. The conclusion is the community in Bungalawang Village has followed and understood health education about vaccination. In addition, the level of cholesterol, blood sugar, and uric acid were known so that the public immediately undergo a follow-up examination at the Health Facility before being vaccinated.
Windfall Profits Tax on Oil and Gas: US and Latin American Approach
Authors: Villegas Aldazosa Alvaro R. 
Published: February 2022

In terms of tax policy, the excess profit taxation is predominantly recognized as a wartime fiscal instrument designed to capture profits that exceed normal peacetime earnings. Nevertheless, excess profit taxation is also levied to prevent excessive profits in special circumstances other than wartime. United States in the 1980s and Bolivia and Venezuela in recent years have levied windfall profits taxes on oil and gas production.
In light of the US legislative history, this article proposes three points of analysis from a tax policy perspective: first, the justification addressed to impose the levy; second, its attributes of efficiency; and third, the revenues and its distributive effects. To that extent, four features are analyzed as fundamental aspects of which a modern windfall profits tax on the oil and gas industry is imposed nowadays.
Third-Country Relations with the European Community: A Growing Snowball
Authors: Falcao Tatiana 
Published: February 2022

The dissertation focuses on the development of the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ’s) jurisprudence in creating a legal doctrine applicable to European Union (EU) and non-EU members, when operating capital transactions to, from and within the Community. The main focus of the thesis is in the formulation of a policy that would reconcile the Member States’ need to protect their economies against the free inflow and outflow of capital resources while upholding one of the European Community (EC) Treaty’s main principles: the free circulation of capital.
The article points out to the dilemma faced by the Court of Justice when deciding on direct tax cases: how to secure a coherent interpretation of the freedoms, including that of free movement of capital, while protecting Member States’ tax jurisdictions from the free inflow and outflow of capitals from third countries?
Tax Treaty Consequences of Secondary Transfer Pricing Adjustments
Authors: Teixeira Renata R. 
Published: February 2022

Subsequent to a transfer pricing adjustment, it is not uncommon to have funds in the hands of one associated enterprise when, if in line with that adjustment, they should be in the possession of another associated enterprise. To make the actual allocation of funds consistent with that primary adjustment, some countries deem there to be a constructive transaction – that is, a secondary transaction – whereby the ‘excess’ funds are deemed to have been transferred in some way and are taxed accordingly.
This article, as a starting point, analyses the most typical constructive transactions that countries may consider as secondary transactions (i.e., constructive dividends, constructive capital contributions, and constructive loans). It analyses, in general terms, whether the constructive transaction is viable under a given fact pattern (e.g., whether a dividend analysis is appropriate where the deemed payer is not a (direct) subsidiary of the deemed recipient). To the extent that the policy on secondary adjustments (i.e., whether and how those adjustments are applied) is determined country by country based on domestic law, an outline of the rules and practices adopted by certain Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Member States is provided for illustrative purposes.
Following this introduction, the discussion moves towards whether and, if so, how secondary adjustments are effectively affected (i.e., restricted) by relevant treaty provisions. Secondary adjustments are not dealt with Article 9 of the OECD Model Convention (‘OECD MC’), which applies the arm’s length principle for taxation of profits of associated enterprises. Nevertheless, other treaty provisions may affect the application of secondary adjustments. This article considers in particular the interaction of secondary adjustments with the distributive rules contained in Articles 10, 11, and 21 of the OECD MC to determine whether the source state has its taxing rights restricted by the convention.
In addition, this article analyses how the constructive transaction (and the taxation imposed on such a transaction) are regarded by the other Contracting State for the purposes of applying double taxation relief in accordance with Article 23 of the OECD MC. Different scenarios may arise depending on whether the residence state also considers there to be a constructive transaction. A brief analysis of the applicability of the mutual agreement procedure and arbitration to secondary adjustments under Article 25 of the OECD MC 2008 is also provided. The research findings are summarized in the conclusion.
Italy – Tax Audits to Identify Fictitious Corporate Residence
Authors: Valente Piergiorgio 
Published: February 2022

The need for a tax audit in the area of fictitious residence derives from circumstantial evidence – acquired during the intelligence phase – or from other clues that may have emerged during inspection.
Further to the cognizance gathered within an enterprise’s operative context, investigations aim at the research of accounting, supplementary, and electronic documentation. Such investigations may turn out to be particularly complex as they are generally required to consider the distinctive characteristics of international relations, the specificity of the subject matter, as well as the various jurisdictions (and legislatures) involved.
Inspectors are bound to have their operations comply to a rather structured power-duties system, within which the respect of the taxpayer’s rights acquires particular relevance.