bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multidisciplinary management of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ohaegbulam Kim C. , Koethe Yilun , Fung Alice , Mayo Skye C. , Grossberg Aaron J. , Chen Emerson Y. , Sharzehi Kaveh , Kardosh Adel , Farsad Khashayar , Rocha Flavio G. , Thomas Charles R. , Nabavizadeh Nima 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a lethal malignancy of the biliary epithelium that can arise anywhere along the biliary tract. Surgical resection confers the greatest likelihood of long‐term survivability. However, its insidious onset, difficult diagnostics, and resultant advanced presentation render the majority of patients unresectable, highlighting the importance of early detection with novel biomarkers. Developing liver‐directed therapies and emerging targeted therapeutics may offer improved survivability for patients with unresectable or advanced disease. In this article, the authors review the current multidisciplinary standards of care in resectable and unresectable cholangiocarcinoma, with an emphasis on novel biomarkers for early detection and nonsurgical locoregional therapy options.
General Doping Chemistry of Carbon Materials
Authors: Boshir Ahmed Mohammad , Alom Jahangir , Hasan Md. Saif , Asaduzzaman Md. , Rahman Md. Saifur , Hossen Raqibul , Abu Hasan Johir Mohammad , Taufiq Alam Mohammad , Zhou John L. , Zhu Yanqiu , Zargar Masoumeh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon has an extraordinary ability to bind with itself and other elements, resulting in unique structures for a wide range of applications. Recently, intensive research has been focused on the properties of carbon‐based materials (CBMs) and on increasing their performance by doping them with metals and non‐metallic elements. While materials with excellent performance have been experimentally achieved, a fundamental knowledge of the relationship between the electronic, physical, and electrochemical properties and their structural features, particularly the chemistry of carbon‐based materials remains a top challenge. This review begins with the doping chemistries of CBMs, covering the role of electron affinity, orbital chemistry, the chemistry of band gap, conductivity, bonding type, spin redistribution, and conducting relevant comparisons. These will lead to providing an in‐depth understanding of the overall picture in the CBMs doping chemistry particularly as catalysts. The future research prospects and challenges for doped CBMs are highlighted.
Highly Ordered and Thermally Stable FeRh Cluster Superlattice on Graphene for Low‐Temperature Catalytic CO Oxidation
Authors: Yin Hao , de Groot Jean‐Guillaume , Brune Harald 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe report on bimetallic FeRh clusters with a narrow size‐distribution grown on graphene on Ir(111) as a carbon‐supported model catalyst to promote low‐temperature catalytic CO oxidation. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy with catalytic performance measurements, we reveal that Fe−Rh interfaces are active sites for oxygen activation and CO oxidation, especially at low temperatures. Rh core Fe shell clusters not only provide the active sites for the reaction, but also thermally stabilize surface Fe atoms towards coarsening compared with pure Fe clusters. Alternate isotope‐labelled CO/O2 pulse experiments show opposite trends on preferential oxidation (PROX) performance because of surface hydroxyl species formation and competitive adsorption between CO and O2. The present results introduce a general strategy to stabilize metallic clusters and to reveal the reaction mechanisms on bimetallic structures for low‐temperature catalytic CO oxidation as well as preferential oxidation.
A linear profit function for economic weights of linear phenotypic selection indices in plant breeding
Authors: Cerón‐Rojas J. Jesus , Gowda Manje , Toledo Fernando , Beyene Yoseph , Bentley Alison R. , Crespo‐Herrera Leo , Gardner Keith , Crossa Jose 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe profit function (net returns minus costs) allows breeders to derive trait economic weights to predict the net genetic merit (H) using the linear phenotypic selection index (LPSI). Economic weight is the increase in profit achieved by improving a particular trait by one unit and should reflect the market situation and not only preferences or arbitrary values. In maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) breeding programs, only grain yield has a specific market price, which makes application of a profit function difficult. Assuming the traits’ phenotypic values have multivariate normal distribution, we used the market price of grain yield and its conditional expectation given all the traits of interest to construct a profit function and derive trait economic weights in maize and wheat breeding. Using simulated and real maize and wheat datasets, we validated the profit function by comparing its results with the results obtained from a set of economic weights from the literature. The criteria to validate the function were the estimated values of the LPSI selection response and the correlation between LPSI and H. For our approach, the maize and wheat selection responses were 1,567.13 and 1,291.5, whereas the correlations were .87 and .85, respectively. For the other economic weights, the selection responses were 0.79 and 2.67, whereas the correlations were .58 and .82, respectively. The simulated dataset results were similar. Thus, the profit function is a good option to assign economic weights in plant breeding.
An energy efficient and QoS routing protocol for MANET realised over multi‐objective red deer algorithm (RD‐MOCER) in support of emergency disaster management
Authors: Krishnakumar V. , Asokan R. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryTerrorist attacks have contributed significantly to using wireless technologies to identify concrete destruction survivors. A dynamic ad hoc mobile network (MANET) consists of wireless linked nodes, which route hop‐by‐hop without the support of a fixed infrastructure acquires information from trapped survivors. The energy efficiency that extends the lifespan of the network is an essential prerequisite of MANET. Researchers have suggested many strategies to accomplish this purpose and a cluster of these techniques in MANETs are used to provide an energy‐efficient approach. In this paper we are proposing a red deer multi‐objective constraint applied for an energy efficient QoS routing (RD‐MOCER) algorithm to the number of clusters in an ad hoc network and the energy dispensing in nodes to provide an energy effective solution and to minimise network traffic. Intracluster and intercluster traffic is handled by the cluster heads in the proposed approach. The algorithm suggested takes account of mobile nodes' node degrees, transmitting capacity and battery power usage. This approach gives a variety of options at a time, the key benefit of which is that the ideal Pareto front results in these solutions. We correlate the findings with two other well‐known methods of clustering; MOPSO and MOEAQ‐based clustering with different results. We conduct detailed simulations to demonstrate that the solution proposed is an effective and stronger solution to clustering in ad hoc cell networks than the other two techniques.
Cognitive dysfunction and the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire
Authors: Mozdbar Sima , Alber Jessica , Aryal Subhash , Johnson Leigh , Moroz Alina , Rashik Mohammad , Mostafavi Amir , O'Bryant Sid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionVisual function and cognitive impairment are interrelated; however, little is known about the impact of modifying treatable vision impairment on the development of cognitive dysfunction. This study examines the relationship between cognition and self‐reported visual function using the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ).MethodsParticipants completed the NEI VFQ 25‐Item questionnaire as well as the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Additionally, all participants were assigned a consensus clinical diagnosis based on established criteria. We used a general linear model and analysis of variance approach to compare means between multiple groups.ResultsA significant association between overall composite score on the NEI VFQ and total MMSE score was revealed (P = 0.04). On average, for every 1‐point increase in MMSE score, the overall composite score increased by 0.40 units (95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.77).DiscussionReduced visual function should raise concerns about cognitive decline and prompt additional assessment.
In vitro enzymatic evaluation of some pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives: Design, synthesis, antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, anti‐Alzheimer, and anti‐arthritic activities with molecular modeling simulation
Authors: Hassan Ashraf S. , Morsy Nesrin M. , Aboulthana Wael M. , Ragab Ahmed 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe strategy of utilizing nitrogen compounds in various biological applications has recently emerged as a powerful approach to exploring novel classes of therapeutics to face the challenge of diseases. A series of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐based compounds 3a–l and 5a–f were prepared by the direct cyclo‐condensation reaction of 5‐amino‐1H‐pyrazoles 1a, b with 2‐(arylidene)malononitriles and 3‐(dimethylamino)‐1‐aryl‐prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones, respectively. The structures of the new pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine compounds were confirmed via spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro biological activities of all pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines 3a–l and 5a–f were evaluated by assaying total antioxidant capacity, iron‐reducing power, the scavenging activity against 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, anti‐diabetic, anti‐Alzheimer, and anti‐arthritic biological activities. All compounds displayed good to potent bioactivity, and three compounds 3g, 3h, and 3l displayed the most active derivatives. Among these derivatives, compound 3l exhibited the highest antioxidant (total antioxidant capacity [TAC] = 83.09 mg gallic acid/g; iron‐reducing power [IRP] = 47.93 µg/ml) and free radicals scavenging activities with (DPPH = 18.77 µg/ml; ABTS = 40.44%) compared with ascorbic acid (DPPH = 4.28 µg/ml; ABTS = 38.84%). Furthermore, compound 3l demonstrated the strongest inhibition of α‐amylase with a percent inhibition of 72.91 ± 0.14 compared to acarbose = 67.92 ± 0.09%. Similarly, it displayed acetylcholinesterase inhibition of 62.80 ± 0.06%. However, compound 3i showed a significantly higher inhibition percentage for protein denaturation and proteinase at 20.66 ± 0.00 and 26.42 ± 0.06%, respectively. Additionally, some in silico ADMET properties were predicted and studied. Finally, molecular docking simulation was performed inside the active site of α‐amylase and acetylcholinesterase to study their interactions.
Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men
Authors: de Oliveira Júnior Mauro Lúcio , Almeida Maurício , Santos Cleonaldo Gonçalves , Brown Tiffany A. , de Carvalho Pedro Henrique Berbert 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveOne of the most widely used assessment tools for disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), has not yet been evaluated in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men—an at‐risk population given the extent of minority stressors in Brazilian culture. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the EDE‐Q among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men.MethodThe Brazilian EDE‐Q was administered to a sample of 1409 gay and bisexual adult men, along with measures of self‐objectification, body‐ideal internalization, drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, and body appreciation. The factor structure of the Brazilian EDE‐Q was assessed using a two‐step, split‐sample exploratory (EFA; n = 704) and confirmatory factor analytic approach (CFA; n = 705). Additionally, convergent validity, internal consistency, and 2‐week test–retest reliability were assessed.ResultsFindings from an EFA and CFA revealed a one‐factor structure with 22 items and adequate internal consistency (ω = .92, 95% CI = [.91, .93]). Moreover, the scale demonstrated good 2‐week test–retest reliability (ICC = .86, 95% CI = [.82, .88], p < .001). The EDE‐Q scores showed positive associations with self‐objectification, body‐ideal internalization, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, and drive for muscularity, as well as a negative association with body appreciation.DiscussionResults provide support for the use of the EDE‐Q using a one‐factor structure in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men and give insights for future studies on eating disorders in sexual minorities in Latin America.Public SignificanceThe Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) is one of the most widely used self‐report measures of eating disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of research on the validity and reliability of the EDE‐Q in Latin American countries. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the EDE‐Q in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men. Our findings give insights for future studies on eating disorders in sexual minorities in Latin America.
Lack of evidence for a fine‐scale magnetic map sense for fall migratory Eastern North American monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus)
Authors: Guerra Patrick A. , Parlin Adam F. , Matter Stephen F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow first‐time animal migrants find specific destinations remains an intriguing ecological question. Migratory marine species use geomagnetic map cues acquired as juveniles to aide long‐distance migration, but less is known for long‐distance migrants in other taxa. We test the hypothesis that naïve Eastern North American fall migratory monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus), a species that possesses a magnetic sense, locate their overwintering sites in Central Mexico using inherited geomagnetic map cues. We examined whether overwintering locations and the abundance of monarchs changed with the natural shift of Earth's magnetic field from 2004 to 2018. We found that migratory monarchs continued to overwinter at established sites in similar abundance despite significant shifts in the geomagnetic field, which is inconsistent with monarchs using fine‐scale geomagnetic map cues to find overwintering sites. It is more likely that monarchs use geomagnetic cues to assess migratory direction rather than location and use other cues to locate overwintering sites.
The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes
Authors: Anwer Hamza , O'Dea Rose E. , Mason Dominic , Zajitschek Susanne , Klinke Annabell , Reid Madeleine , Hesselson Daniel , Noble Daniel W. A. , Morris Margaret J. , Lagisz Malgorzata , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe obesity epidemic, largely driven by the accessibility of ultra‐processed high‐energy foods, is one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century. Consequently, there is increasing concern about the impacts of diet‐induced obesity on behavior and cognition. While research on this matter continues, to date, no study has explicitly investigated the effect of obesogenic diet on variance and covariance (correlation) in behavioral traits. Here, we examined how an obesogenic versus control diet impacts means and (co‐)variances of traits associated with body condition, behavior, and cognition in a laboratory population of ~160 adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Overall, an obesogenic diet increased variation in several zebrafish traits. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet were significantly heavier and displayed higher body weight variability; fasting blood glucose levels were similar between control and treatment zebrafish. During behavioral assays, zebrafish on the obesogenic diet displayed more exploratory behavior and were less reactive to video stimuli with conspecifics during a personality test, but these significant differences were sex‐specific. Zebrafish on an obesogenic diet also displayed repeatable responses in aversive learning tests whereas control zebrafish did not, suggesting an obesogenic diet resulted in more consistent, yet impaired, behavioral responses. Where behavioral syndromes existed (inter‐class correlations between personality traits), they did not differ between obesogenic and control zebrafish groups. By integrating a multifaceted, holistic approach that incorporates components of (co‐)variances, future studies will greatly benefit by quantifying neglected dimensions of obesogenic diets on behavioral changes.
Cross validation for model selection: A review with examples from ecology
Authors: Yates Luke A. , Aandahl Zach , Richards Shane A. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpecifying, assessing, and selecting among candidate statistical models is fundamental to ecological research. Commonly used approaches to model selection are based on predictive scores and include information criteria such as Akaike's information criterion, and cross validation. Based on data splitting, cross validation is particularly versatile because it can be used even when it is not possible to derive a likelihood (e.g., many forms of machine learning) or count parameters precisely (e.g., mixed‐effects models). However, much of the literature on cross validation is technical and spread across statistical journals, making it difficult for ecological analysts to assess and choose among the wide range of options. Here we provide a comprehensive, accessible review that explains important—but often overlooked—technical aspects of cross validation for model selection, such as: bias correction, estimation uncertainty, choice of scores, and selection rules to mitigate overfitting. We synthesize the relevant statistical advances to make recommendations for the choice of cross‐validation technique and we present two ecological case studies to illustrate their application. In most instances, we recommend using exact or approximate leave‐one‐out cross validation to minimize bias, or otherwise k‐fold with bias correction if k < 10. To mitigate overfitting when using cross validation, we recommend calibrated selection via our recently introduced modified one‐standard‐error rule. We advocate for the use of predictive scores in model selection across a range of typical modeling goals, such as exploration, hypothesis testing, and prediction, provided that models are specified in accordance with the stated goal. We also emphasize, as others have done, that inference on parameter estimates is biased if preceded by model selection and instead requires a carefully specified single model or further technical adjustments.
Successful conservative management of left ventricular assist device candidates
Authors: Havakuk Ofer , Hochstadt Aviram , Sadon Sapir , Laurel Perl Michal , Sadeh Ben , Milwidsky Assi , Ran Sapir Orly , Granot Yoav , Lupu Lior , Levi Erez , Farkash Ariel , Ben Gal Yanai , Banai Shmuel , Topilsky Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsClinical trials comparing LVADs vs. conservative therapy were performed before the availability of novel medications or used suboptimal medical therapy. This study aimed to report that long‐term stabilization of patients entering a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) programme is possible with the use of aggressive conservative therapy. This is important because the excellent clinical stabilization provided by LVADs comes at the expense of significant complications.Methods and resultsThis study was a single‐centre prospective evaluation of consecutive patients with advanced heart failure (HF) fulfilling criteria for LVAD implantation based on clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and right heart catheterization results. Their initial therapy included inotropes, thiamine, beta‐blockers, digoxin, spironolactone, hydralazine, and nitrates followed by the introduction of novel HF therapies. Coronary revascularization and cardiac resynchronization therapy were performed when indicated, and all patients were closely followed at our outpatient clinic. During the study period, 28 patients were considered suitable for LVAD implantation (mean age 63 ± 10.8 years, 92% men, 78% ischaemic, median HF duration 4 years). Clinical stabilization was achieved and maintained in 21 patients (median follow‐up 20 months, range 9–38 months). Compared with baseline evaluation, cardiac index increased from 2.05 (1.73–2.28) to 2.88 (2.63–3.55) L/min/m2, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter decreased from 65.5 (62.4–66) to 58.3 (53.8–62.5) mm, and maximal oxygen consumption increased from 10.1 (9.2–11.3) to 16.1 (15.3–19) mL/kg/min. Three patients died and only four ultimately required LVAD implantation.ConclusionsNotwithstanding the small size of our cohort, our results suggest that LVAD implantation could be safely deferred in the majority of LVAD candidates.
Experimental validation, analytical investigation, and design method of tuned mass damper‐clutching inerter for robust control of structures
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Zheng Yuqiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInerters have significantly uplifted the cost‐effectiveness of structural control technologies. A recently proposed tuned mass damper‐clutching inerter (TMDCI) takes advantage of both mass amplification effect and energy absorption capacity of inerter which is more effective and practical than its predecessors. However, the existing study only provided numerical demonstrations while experimental evidence and analytical explanation are still lacking for in‐depth understanding of the dynamic properties and working principles of TMDCIs. In this study, the mathematical descriptions of TMDCIs are first developed and experimentally validated on a three‐story structure. The validated model is then used to analyze the influences of inerter arrangement and total inertance in inerter‐enhanced devices. With an appropriate inerter arrangement and inertance, the TMDCI shows excellent control performance regardless of the changes in the structural frequency. The reason for the strong robustness of TMDCIs is then revealed via analytical investigation of standalone TMDCIs; the harmonically forced steady‐state responses manifest that the TMDCI can be linearized as equivalent tuned mass damper‐inerters with variable parameters whose natural frequency increases with the increase of excitation frequency. Based on the analytical findings, a design method with robustness consideration is subsequently proposed and draws satisfactory TMDCI designs for both single‐degree‐of‐freedom and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom structures. The designed TMDCI outperforms the comparable devices for both impulsive and seismic response mitigation. The study provides analytical insight into the control capacity of TMDCIs and lays the groundwork for practical design of TMDCIs as an effective and robust control strategy for engineering structures.