bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vidarabine, an anti-herpes agent, prevents occlusal-disharmony-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice
Authors: Hayakawa Yoshio , Suita Kenji , Ohnuki Yoshiki , Mototani Yasumasa , Ishikawa Misao , Ito Aiko , Nariyama Megumi , Morii Akinaka , Kiyomoto Kenichi , Tsunoda Michinori , Matsuo Ichiro , Kawahara Hiroshi , Okumura Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe recently reported a positive relationship between occlusal disharmony and cardiovascular disease via activation of β-adrenergic signaling in mice. Furthermore, inhibition of type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5), a major cardiac subtype in adults, protects the heart against oxidative stress. Here, we examined the role of AC5 in the development of occlusal-disharmony-induced cardiovascular disease in bite-opening (BO) mice, prepared by cementing a suitable appliance onto the mandibular incisor. We first examined the effects of BO treatment on cardiac function in mice treated or not treated for 2 weeks with vidarabine, which we previously identified as an inhibitor of cardiac AC. Cardiac function was significantly decreased in the BO group compared to the control group, but vidarabine ameliorated the dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and myocyte oxidative DNA damage were significantly increased in the BO group, but vidarabine blocked these changes. The BO-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with increased phospholamban phosphorylation at threonine-17 and serine-16, as well as increased activation of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II/receptor-interacting protein 3 signaling pathway. These data suggest that AC5 inhibition with vidarabine might be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease associated with occlusal disharmony.
Examination of blood samples using deep learning and mobile microscopy
Authors: Pfeil Juliane , Nechyporenko Alina , Frohme Marcus , Hufert Frank T. , Schulze Katja 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Microscopic examination of human blood samples is an excellent opportunity to assess general health status and diagnose diseases. Conventional blood tests are performed in medical laboratories by specialized professionals and are time and labor intensive. The development of a point-of-care system based on a mobile microscope and powerful algorithms would be beneficial for providing care directly at the patient's bedside. For this purpose human blood samples were visualized using a low-cost mobile microscope, an ocular camera and a smartphone. Training and optimisation of different deep learning methods for instance segmentation are used to detect and count the different blood cells. The accuracy of the results is assessed using quantitative and qualitative evaluation standards.

Results
Instance segmentation models such as Mask R-CNN, Mask Scoring R-CNN, D2Det and YOLACT were trained and optimised for the detection and classification of all blood cell types. These networks were not designed to detect very small objects in large numbers, so extensive modifications were necessary. Thus, segmentation of all blood cell types and their classification was feasible with great accuracy: qualitatively evaluated, mean average precision of 0.57 and mean average recall of 0.61 are achieved for all blood cell types. Quantitatively, 93% of ground truth blood cells can be detected.

Conclusions
Mobile blood testing as a point-of-care system can be performed with diagnostic accuracy using deep learning methods. In the future, this application could enable very fast, cheap, location- and knowledge-independent patient care.
Whole-exome sequencing reveals a rare missense variant in DTNA in an Iranian pedigree with early-onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: Malakootian Mahshid , Jalilian Masoumeh , Kalayinia Samira , Hosseini Moghadam Maryam , Heidarali Mona , Haghjoo Majid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a morbid and heritable irregular cardiac rhythm that affects about 2%–3% of the population. Patients with early-onset AF have a strong genetic association with the disease; nonetheless, the exact underlying mechanisms need clarification. We herein present our evaluation of a 2-generation Iranian pedigree with early-onset AF. Whole-exome sequencing was applied to elucidate the genetic predisposition. Direct DNA sequencing was utilized to confirm and screen the variants in the proband and his available family members. The pathogenicity of the identified nucleotide variations was scrutinized via either segregation analysis in the family or in silico predictive software. The comprehensive variant analysis revealed a missense variant (c.G681C, p.E227D, rs1477078144) in the human α-dystrobrevin gene (DTNA), which is rare in genetic databases. Most in silico analyses have predicted this variant as a disease-causing variant, and the variant is co-segregated with the disease phenotype in the family. Previous studies have demonstrated the association between the DTNA gene and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Taken together, we provide the first evidence of an association between a nucleotide variation in the DTNA gene and early-onset AF in an Iranian family. However, the genetic testing of AF in the Iranian population is still limited. This finding not only further confirms the significant role of genetics in the incidence of early-onset AF but also expands the spectrum of the gene variations that lead to AF. Additionally, it may have further implications for the treatment and prevention of AF.
Safety and efficacy of non-fluoroscopic endoscopic dilatation of gastrointestinal tuberculosis related strictures
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Jena Anuraag , Birda Chhagan Lal , Singh Harjeet , Gupta Pankaj , Prasad Kaushal Kishor , Dutta Usha , Sharma Vishal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Stricturing gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) may result in persistent symptoms even after antitubercular therapy (ATT) and may require surgical intervention. Data on efficacy and safety of endoscopic dilatation for management GITB related strictures is scarce.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of database of patients who underwent endoscopic balloon dilatation for suspected or proven gastrointestinal tuberculosis was performed. The analysis included the site of involvement, technical success, clinical success (response), relapse and requirement of surgery in these patients.

Results
Out of 34 patients (47.1% males, mean age 31.9 ± 12.9 years), eventually four patients were diagnosed to have Crohn’s disease while the rest had GITB. Initial technical success was achieved in 30 (88.2%) patients. Initial clinical success was achieved in 28 (82.3%) patients. Median number of dilatation sessions required to obtain symptomatic relief were 2.5 (1–5) per patient. Two patients with initial clinical success had recurrence of symptoms over follow up of 1 year, out of which one patient was managed with repeat endoscopic balloon dilatation successfully. Of 30 patients with technical success, 16 (53.4%) were on ATT when they underwent dilatation while two were in intestinal obstruction. Eventually 7 patients required surgical intervention for various reasons.

Conclusion
Non-fluoroscopic endoscopic balloon dilatation is an acceptable and fairly safe modality for symptomatic tuberculous strictures of gastrointestinal tract.
The Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign is associated with poor leptomeningeal collaterals in acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective study
Authors: Hong Ye , Fang Jinghuan , Ma Mengmeng , Su Wei , Zhou Muke , Tang Li , Tang Huairong , He Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) is an early radiological marker to provide an early diagnosis and to identify ischemia. As reported, HMCAS is associated with heavy clot burden. Moreover, a heavy clot burden may cause obstruction of the orifices of arteries for leptomeningeal collateral flows and can lead to severe clinical conditions. However, the direct relationship between HMCAS and collateral flows remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the association between HMCAS and leptomeningeal collaterals in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsConsecutive ischemic stroke patients were enrolled from January 2015 to April 2021. HMCAS appearance and collateral status were detected by multimodal computed tomography at admission. Logistic regression analyses helped to identify the association between HMCAS, collateral flows and stroke severity.ResultsIn 494 included patients, 180 (36.4%) presented with HMCAS. Ipsilateral collaterals were not seen or less prominent in patients with HMCAS (P < 0.001). The HMCAS appearance was significantly associated with less collaterals (odds ratio 5.17, 95% confidence interval 3.27-8.18,P < 0.001), internal carotid artery + M1/M1 occlusion, the initial stroke severity and follow-up outcomes. Subgroup analyses further confirmed HMCAS as an indicator of poor collaterals in ischemic stroke (allPvalues < 0.05).ConclusionsHMCAS is associated with poor leptomeningeal collaterals, the stroke severity and a poor neurological outcome. Therefore, the HMCAS appearance can act as an early warning sign for healthcare professionals to be alert for poor collateral flows and poor neurological outcomes in ischemic stroke patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Epidemiology of pre-existing multimorbidity in pregnant women in the UK in 2018: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Siang Ing , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Agrawal Utkarsh , Kennedy Jonathan I. , Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis , Hope Holly , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Anand Astha , Taylor Beck , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Damase-Michel Christine , Yau Christopher , Crowe Francesca , Santorelli Gillian , Eastwood Kelly-Ann , Vowles Zoe , Loane Maria , Moss Ngawai , Brocklehurst Peter , Plachcinski Rachel , Thangaratinam Shakila , Black Mairead , O’Reilly Dermot , Abel Kathryn M. , Brophy Sinead , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , McCowan Colin ,   on behalf of the MuM-PreDiCT Group
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Although maternal death is rare in the United Kingdom, 90% of these women had multiple health/social problems. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of pre-existing multimorbidity (two or more long-term physical or mental health conditions) in pregnant women in the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland).

Study design
Pregnant women aged 15–49 years with a conception date 1/1/2018 to 31/12/2018 were included in this population-based cross-sectional study, using routine healthcare datasets from primary care: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD, United Kingdom, n = 37,641) and Secure Anonymized Information Linkage databank (SAIL, Wales, n = 27,782), and secondary care: Scottish Morbidity Records with linked community prescribing data (SMR, Tayside and Fife, n = 6099). Pre-existing multimorbidity preconception was defined from 79 long-term health conditions prioritised through a workshop with patient representatives and clinicians.

Results
The prevalence of multimorbidity was 44.2% (95% CI 43.7–44.7%), 46.2% (45.6–46.8%) and 19.8% (18.8–20.8%) in CPRD, SAIL and SMR respectively. When limited to health conditions that were active in the year before pregnancy, the prevalence of multimorbidity was still high (24.2% [23.8–24.6%], 23.5% [23.0–24.0%] and 17.0% [16.0 to 17.9%] in the respective datasets). Mental health conditions were highly prevalent and involved 70% of multimorbidity CPRD: multimorbidity with ≥one mental health condition/s 31.3% [30.8–31.8%]).
After adjusting for age, ethnicity, gravidity, index of multiple deprivation, body mass index and smoking, logistic regression showed that pregnant women with multimorbidity were more likely to be older (CPRD England, adjusted OR 1.81 [95% CI 1.04–3.17] 45–49 years vs 15–19 years), multigravid (1.68 [1.50–1.89] gravidity ≥ five vs one), have raised body mass index (1.59 [1.44–1.76], body mass index 30+ vs body mass index 18.5–24.9) and smoked preconception (1.61 [1.46–1.77) vs non-smoker).

Conclusion
Multimorbidity is prevalent in pregnant women in the United Kingdom, they are more likely to be older, multigravid, have raised body mass index and smoked preconception. Secondary care and community prescribing dataset may only capture the severe spectrum of health conditions. Research is needed urgently to quantify the consequences of maternal multimorbidity for both mothers and children.
Magnitude and factors associated with intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Ayalew Hiwotie Getaneh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological/emotional abuse, or controlling behaviors by a current or former partner or spouse. IPV has a special concern for pregnant women since it leads to higher rates of miscarriage, several complications including adverse birth outcomes. So far, the effect of contextual factors on IPV was largely overlooked. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with IPV among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Method
Data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey was used for this study. A total of 4167 (weighted sample) pregnant women were included in the analysis. The multi-level logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with IPV. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and random effects for the multilevel logistic regression model was reported.

Results
In this study, the overall magnitude of IPV among pregnant women was 28.74 (95% CI 27.38, 30.13) with emotional violence being the most common (24.09%) type. In the multi-level analysis, women with no education (AOR = 2.07; 95%CI 1.23, 3.48), primary education (AOR = 2.04; 95%CI:1.24, 3.38), and secondary education (AOR = 1.53; 95%CI:1.29.2.62), women from households with poorest (AOR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.16, 2.56), poorer (AOR = 1.62;95% CI:1.09, 2.41), middle (AOR = 1.74;95%CI:1.17, 2.56), and richer (AOR = 1.58;95%CI: 1.08, 2.33) wealth index, women aged 35–39 years (AOR = 1.28;95%CI:1.01, 1.63) and 40–49 years (AOR = 1.78;95%CI:1.28, 2.45) and those from pastoral (AOR = 1.47;95%CI:1.04, 1.93) and agrarian regions (AOR = 1.32;95%CI 1.02, 1.88) had a higher likelihood of having IPV. Of the partner-related factors, women with husbands who drink alcohol (AOR = 2.94; 95%CI: 2.36, 3.42) and secondary educational level (AOR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.02, 2.12) had higher odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy.

Conclusion
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is a public health problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, improving the educational status of women and their husbands, improving the economic capacity of women, and promoting the healthy behavior of husbands by reducing the alcohol consumption in those agrarian and pastoral regions of Ethiopia is vital to reduce the magnitude of IPV.
The impact of sarcopenia on low back pain and quality of life in patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Iwahashi Shoji , Hashida Ryuki , Matsuse Hiroo , Higashi Eriko , Bekki Masafumi , Iwanaga Sohei , Hara Koji , Higuchi Takahiko , Hirakawa Yohei , Kubota Asami , Imagawa Hiromi , Muta Yoko , Minamitani Kazuhito , Yoshida Tatsuhiro , Yokosuka Kimiaki , Yamada Kei , Sato Kimiaki , Shiba Naoto 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Osteoporosis combined with sarcopenia contributes to a high risk of falling, fracture, and even mortality. However, sarcopenia’s impact on low back pain and quality of life (QOL) in patients with osteoporosis is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate low back pain and QOL in osteoporosis patients with sarcopenia.

Methods
We assessed 100 ambulatory patients who came to our hospital for osteoporosis treatment. Low back pain was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) with 100 being an extreme amount of pain and 0 no pain. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) score was used to assess QOL after adjustment for age, history of vertebral fracture, and adult spinal deformity. Differences in low back pain intensity assessed by VAS between groups were evaluated by the Willcoxon rank-sum test. Covariance analysis was used to assess QOL. All data are expressed as either median, interquartile range, or average, standard error.

Results
Patients were classified into the sarcopenia group (n = 32) and the non-sarcopenia group (n = 68). Low back pain intensity assessed by VAS was significantly higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (33.0 [0-46.6] vs. 8.5 [0-40.0]; p < 0.05). The subscales of the JOABPEQ for low back pain were significantly lower in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (65.0 ± 4.63 vs. 84.0 ± 3.1; p < 0.05).

Conclusion
In this cross-sectional study, sarcopenia affected low back pain and QOL in ambulatory patients with osteoporosis. Sarcopenia may exacerbate low back pain and QOL.
Rates and risk factors of intrapedicular accuracy and cranial facet joint violation among robot-assisted, fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous, and freehand techniques in pedicle screw fixation of thoracolumbar fractures: a comparative cohort study
Authors: Zhang Ren-Jie , Zhou Lu-Ping , Zhang Hua-Qing , Ge Peng , Jia Chong-Yu , Shen Cai-Liang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Robot-assisted (RA) technique has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, providing promising outcomes of inserting accuracy and cranial facet joint protection. However, studies comparing this novel method with other assisted methods are rare, and the controversy of the superiority between the insertion techniques remains. Thus, we compare the rates and risk factors of intrapedicular accuracy and cranial facet joint violation (FJV) of RA, fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous (FP), and freehand (FH) techniques in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.

Methods
A total of 74 patients with thoracolumbar fractures requiring pedicle screw instruments were retrospectively included and divided into RA, FP, and FH groups from June 2016 to May 2020. The primary outcomes were the intrapedicular accuracy and cranial FJV. The factors that affected the intrapedicular accuracy and cranial FJV were assessed using multivariate analyses.

Results
The optimal intrapedicular accuracy of pedicle screw placement (Grade A) in the RA, FP, and FH groups was 94.3%, 78.2%, and 88.7%, respectively. This finding indicates no significant differences of RA over FH technique (P = 0.062) and FP technique (P = 0.025), but significantly higher accuracies of RA over FP (P < 0.001). In addition, the rates of proximal FJV in RA, FP, and FH groups were 13.9%, 30.8%, and 22.7%, respectively. RA had a significantly greater proportion of intact facet joints than the FP (P = 0.002). However, FP and FH (P = 0.157), as well as RA and FH (P = 0.035) showed significantly similar outcomes with respect to the proximal FJV. The logistic regression analysis showed that FP technique (OR = 3.056) was independently associated with insertion accuracy. Meanwhile, the age (OR = 0.974), pedicle angle (OR = 0.921), moderate facet joint osteoarthritis (OR = 5.584), and severe facet joint osteoarthritis (OR = 11.956) were independently associated with cranial FJV.

Conclusion
RA technique showed a higher rate of intrapedicular accuracy and a lower rate of cranial FJV than FP technique, and similar outcomes to FH technique in terms of intrapedicular accuracy and cranial FJV. RA technique might be a safe method for pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar surgery.

Level of evidence
3
Clinical results of a lamina with spinous process and an iliac graft as bone grafts in the surgical treatment of single-segment lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Ke , Zhong Weiyang , Wang Xiaolin , Luo Xiaoji , Quan Zhengxue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
A retrospective study compared the results of a lamina with spinous process (LSP) and an iliac graft (IG) as bone grafts in single-segment lumbar pyogenic spondylodiscitis (LPS) through one-stage-posterior-only approach with radical debridement and instrumentation.

Methods
A LSP was placed in 17 patients (group A), and an IG was implemented in 20 patients (group B). The surgery time, surgery hemorrhage, hospital stay, drainage, and follow-up (FU) were recorded and compared. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), segmental angle, intervertebral height and bony fusion time were compared preoperatively and at the final FU.

Results
All patients were followed-up for a mean of 27.94 ± 2.35 months in group A and 30.29 ± 1.89 months in group B, without a difference. The mean age was younger in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). The surgery time, surgery hemorrhage, and hospitalization cost were lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.05), except for the hospital stay and drainage time. 10 patients in group A had fever and 12 patients in group B. The ESR, CRP level, VAS and ODI scores were significantly decreased, and no significant differences were found between the groups at the final FU. The distribution of bacterial agents in blood culture was 1 case of Aerobacter cloacae, 2 of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 of Escherichia coli, and 1 of Streptococcus viridis in group A and 1 of S. aureus, 1 of Staphylococcus warneri and 2 of Klebsiella pneumoniae in group B. Pyogenic infection was observed in the pathological findings of all patients. No significant difference was found in the mean segmental angle or mean intervertebral height preoperation and at the final FU.

Conclusion
The use of LSP could be an effective bone grafting for surgical management for the LPS while surgery is proposed as a good management strategy for single-segment LPS in carefully selected patients.
Comparative outcomes of pure laparoscopic and open donor right hepatectomy: the first report from a Southeast Asian transplant center
Authors: Lapisatepun Worakitti , Junrungsee Sunhawit , Chotirosniramit Anon , Udomsin Kanya , Lapisatepun Warangkana , Chanthima Phuriphong , Boonsri Settapong , Lorsomradee Suraphong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Pure laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH) can provide better operative outcomes for the donor than conventional open donor right hepatectomy (CODRH). However, the complexity of the procedure typically makes transplant teams reluctant to perform it, especially in low-volume transplant centers. We compared the outcomes of PLDRH and CODRH to demonstrate the feasibility of PLDRH in a low-volume transplant program.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective study of adult living donor liver transplantation in Chiang Mai University Hospital from January 2015 to March 2021. The patients were divided into a PLDRH group and a CODRH group. Baseline characteristics, operative parameters, and postoperative complications of donors and recipients were compared between the two groups.

Results
Thirty patients underwent donor hepatectomy between the dates selected (9 PLDRH patients and 21 CODRH patients). The baseline characteristics of the 2 groups were not significantly different. The median graft volume of the PLDRH group was 693.8 mL, which was not significantly different from that of the CODRH group (726.5 mL) The PLDRH group had a longer operative time than the CODRH group, but the difference was not statistically significant (487.5 min vs 425.0 min, p = 0.197). The overall complication rate was not significantly different between the two groups (33.3% vs 22.2%, p = 0.555). Additionally, for the recipients, the incidence of major complications was not significantly different between the groups (71.3 vs 55.6%, p = 0.792).

Conclusion
Even in the context of this low-volume transplant program, whose staff have a high level of experience in minimally invasive hepatobiliary surgery, PLDRH showed similar results to CODRH in terms of perioperative outcomes for donors and recipients.