bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Photoperiod on the Yield and Composition of Peppermint Oil1
Authors: Clark R. J. , Menary R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) was grown under growth room conditions with two photoperiodic treatments, short day and long day. Each treatment received a total of 13 hours light per 24 hour cycle, either continuously (13H) or as an interrupted night treatment (131) with 1 hour of light in the middle of the dark period. In addition to the previously reported changes in dry matter yield of herb, oil yield, growth habit and flowering, the photoperiodic treatments strongly influenced the proportions of several individual monoterpenes in peppermint. The long day treatment resulted in reduced levels of menthofuran, pulegone, menthyl acetate and limonene as well as increased levels of menthone, menthol, neo menthol acetate (+ unknown), trans-sabenine hydrate, cineole and β pinene + sabenine.
The Importance of Harvest Date and Plant Density on the Yield and Quality of Tasmanian Peppermint Oil1
Authors: Clark R. J. , Menary R. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oil yield of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) per unit area obtained from plant density treatments 30 and 40 plants/m2, reached a maximum early in the growing season, whereas oil yield from the lower density treatment, 10 plants/m2, continued to increase even at a menthol content of 50%. The latter density treatment yielded less oil per unit area. At the 2 highest densities, herb harvested at a stage when oil contained 45% free menthol resulted in maximum oil yield and optimum oil quality. Delaying harvest once the above stage had been reached resulted in increased levels of menthol but at the expense of increased levels of menthofuran and decreased oil yields. As the growing season progressed, menthol and menthyl acetate contents of oil increased while menthone decreased. This effect was accelerated at the high plant densities.
Factors Associated with Surface Pitting of Sweet Cherry1,2
Authors: Facteau T. J. , Rowe K. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Six annual surveys indicated that % soluble solids and fruit weight were the only consistent predictor variables for fruit surface pitting in ‘Lambert’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Both were inversely related to pitting. Similar associations were found ‘Bing’ when fruit were handled excessively. In spite of tree-to-tree variation, the degree of pitting was relatively uniform in a given orchard in a given year. High and low percentage pitting orchards appeared to be fairly consistent over the 6 years, but intermediate ones were extremely variable. Postharvest factors (time delay prior to storage, hydrocooling temperature, or storage temperature) had little or no effect on surface pitting. Foliar sprays of gibberellic acid (GA3 or GA4+7) applied 3 weeks prior to harvest increased fruit firmness and reduced color. Gibberellic acid sprays reduced pitting when the disorder was present (1974 and 1976) or where the fruit were bruised. Mechanical bruising of cherries increased the incidence of pitting. Surface pitting of sweet cherries may be caused by bruising but fruit characteristics (% soluble solids, size and firmness) can indicate whether or not pitting may occur on bruised fruit.
The Development of Standard Ranges for Leaf Nitrogen in the Filbert1
Authors: Chaplin M. H. , Dixon A. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen, as urea, was applied to filbert (Corylus avellena L.) trees at the rates of 0, .68, 1.36, and 2.72 kg N/tree/year from 1971-1977. Nitrogen applications significantly increased leaf N, yield, and tree size. Leaf P levels were reduced by N applications in all years. Soil pH, measured after 7 years of N application, significantly declined as N application rate increased. Leaf Mn levels were increased by N applications in all years, probably due to the decrease in soil pH. Yields were expressed as a quadratic function of N and the standard ranges for leaf N in filbert were categorized as follows: deficiency (visible symptoms present) < 2.0% dry weight; below normal 2.0 − 2.2%; normal 2.2 − 2.4%; above normal > 2.4%.
Effects of Row Spacings, Fertilizers, and Harvest Dates on Table Beets1
Authors: Mack H. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yield and size grades of table beets (Beta vulgaris L.) as affected by row spacings of 60, 45, 30, and 15 cm, fertilizer rates and harvest dates were determined in 4 field experiments. Total yields were significantly lower from 15 cm rows than from the conventional 60 cm row spacing. Highest yields of small roots, 25-51 mm diame-ter, were produced from narrow rows. Delaying harvest increased total and weighted yields. Fertilizer rates were varied in 3 experiments, and increasing the fertilizer rate increased total yields in 2 experiments. Concentration of N in leaves was decreased as row spacings were decreased in 2 experiments but P concentration in leaves was highest in 15 cm rows. Leaf concentration of N was highest at the highest fertilizer rate but K concentration was lowest. Concentrations of other elements in leaves were not consistently affected by row spacings or fertilizer rates.
Descriptions, Genetics, and Independent Assortment of Red Stem and Pale in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)1
Authors: McCreight J. D. , Bohn G. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Red stem, found in PI 157083, is controlled by a single recessive gene, r. Red pigment appeared in vascular traces of hypocotyls about 2 weeks after planting. Seed coat color of red-stemmed plants was reddish or tan, in contrast to white or yellow seed coats of green-stemmed plants. Pale, a spontaneous mutant in a second backcross hybrid from ‘Campo’ × PI 180280, is controlled by a single partially dominant gene, Pa, which acts as a recessive lethal: Pa/Pa plants die; Pa/+ are pale; and +/+ are normal. Pale did not affect expression of red stem. Testcross segregations fit the expected ratio for independent assortment of the 2 loci.
Plant and Row Spacing, Mulch, and Fertilizer Rate Effects on Watermelon Production1
Authors: Brinen G. H. , Locascio S. J. , Elmstrom G. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of plant and row spacing, mulch, and fertilizer rate on ‘Charleston Gray’ watermelons [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] were evaluated in field studies on 2 Florida sandy soils. Marketable fruit yields decreased while yield/plant and mean fruit weight increased with an increase in plant spacing from 0.6 to 2.4 m and row spacing from 1.5 to 4.5 m. On a Kanapaha sandy soil with adequate water, yields and mean fruit weights were higher with mulch than without and with 1680 than 840 kg/ha of 12-7-13 (N-P-K) fertilizer.
Water Relations and Yields of Three Rabbiteye Blueberry Cultivars with and without Drip Irrigation1
Authors: Andersen P. C. , Buchanan D. W. , Albrigo L. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Drip irrigation applied to cultivars of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) maintained soil moisture at 25 to 35%, (volume basis), –0.07 bars soil-water potential while no irrigation resulted in 12.5% soil moisture, –2 to –3 bars. Irrigation reduced leaf diffusive resistance (rL) by 50% and increased transpiration (T) by 70% but had no significant effect on midday stem xylem pressure potentials (ψx). Both yield and berry weight from irrigated plots were increased from 20 to 25% over those on nonirrigated plots. Seasonal changes in ψx, rL, and T of nonirrigated bushes suggested this species has some characteristic adaptations to drought conditions, one such adaptation being wax rodlets observed in and adjacent to stomatal pores. These may have contributed to a favorable water balance under stress by increasing leaf diffusive resistance.
Determination of Several Elements in Orchid Plant Parts by Neutron Activation Analysis1
Authors: Yamaguchi S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concentrations of several elements in orchid plants (Dendrobium nobile Lindl) were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, a rapid and sensitive method for Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cl and Br. Among young and old leafless shoots, an increase in content of Br and a decrease of Fe and Zn were found with age.
Nitrate Compensation Points of Several Plum Clones and Relationship to Nitrate Uptake Effectiveness1
Authors: Therios Ioannis N. , Weinbaum Steven A. , Carlson Robert M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Nitrate Compensation Points (NCP) of 4 plum clones, Marianna 2624 (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. × P. munsoniana Wight & Hedr.?), M-17 (P. cerasifera × P. munsoniana?), Myrobalan 3-J (P. cerasifera) and Myrobalan B. (P. cerasifera) were determined following depletion from aerated nutrient solutions. Differences among NCP's were statistically significant; however, since the NCP's were low (ca. 5 μm ) relative to the [] of typical agricultural soils, the relevance to uptake effectiveness under field conditions remains unresolved. Maximum influx took place above 20 μm , but 15 hour exposures to higher ambient [] resulted in higher NCP's. Both decreased influx and increased efflux of may have contributed to higher NCP.
Some Characteristics of Water Flow through Isolated Rose Stem Segments1
Authors: Durkin Dominic J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water flow through isolated 5 cm stem segments of rose (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Cara Mia) increased for 4-7 hours and then decreased linearly for several hours thereafter. Decreased rate of flow has been termed blockage rate. Flow rates varied inversely with segment length and directly with head pressure but blockage rates were unaffected by either variable. Maximum flow increased and blockage rates decreased as solution pH was decreased over a range from pH 6 to pH 3. Flow rates at 3°C were about half of flow rates at 24° and the addition of sucrose to the solution further reduced flow. Viscosity differences account for the flow rate decrease at lower temperature but did not account for the sucrose effect. Millipore filtration of water from a variety of sources resulted in substantial increase in flow rates.
Foliar Uptake of Nutrients by Selected Ornamental Plants1
Authors: Paparozzi Ellen T. , Tukey H. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings of Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaum., Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Giant #4 Indianapolis White, Hedera helix L. cv. Thorndale, Pachysandra terminalis Siebold & Zucc. and young plants of Juniperus chinensis L. cv. Mint Julep and Ligustrum X vicaryi were exposed for 3 weeks to either water mist or mist to which a complete all soluble fertilizer (23N-8P-14K) was added; roots and root medium were protected from the mist. The N, P and usually K content of all plants increased after foliar application of nutrients. Pilea, pachysandra and Hedera increased in height, dry weight, and number of lateral breaks; privet increased in height and overall greening of the foliage occurred. The optimum concentration of foliar-applied nutrients was 600 ppm for Pilea, 750 ppm for Hedera and pachysandra and 300 ppm for Ligustrum; higher concentrations caused foliage injury. Injury occurred to chrysanthemum and juniper at all concentrations studied. Cuticle thickness and plant tolerance to foliar nutrition were not correlated.
Rates of CO2 and Ethylene Production and of Ripening of ‘Honey Dew’ Muskmelons at a Chilling Temperature after Pretreatment with Ethylene1
Authors: Lipton Werner J. , Aharoni Yair , Elliston Elizabeth 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Honey Dew’ muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) treated with ethylene (1000 ppm) ripened more rapidly than did untreated melons during a 24-hour treatment at 20°C and during a subsequent 15 to 19 days at 2.5°, a chilling temperature. During the exposure to ethylene, the respiration rate was substantially higher in treated than in control melons, but the rates differed little during subsequent storage in normal air at 2.5°. Ethylene production was lower in treated than in control melons during storage at 2.5°, even though ethylene evolution was stimulated by the initial ethylene treatment. The Hunter a/b ratio of the surface color decreased significantly during the 24-hour ethylene treatment, which indicates that ripening had progressed during the treatment.
Effects of Pinching on Growth and Floral Initiation and Development of Container-grown Rhododendron1
Authors: Purohit Amul , Dunham C. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants of Rhododendron × catawbiense Michx. cvs. Chionoides, Roseum Elegans, and Nova Zembla were cut back on May 14, 1974 and terminal buds removed at 2-week intervals throughout the summer starting on June 14 and examined microscopically for floral initiation and development. First evidence of floral initiation was found in samples taken on July 15 for ‘Chionoides’ and August 1 for ‘Roseum Elegans’ and ‘Nova Zembla’. Floral development continued in the buds of all cultivars into October, at which time buds were well developed and at the rest stage. The number of breaks resulting from removal of terminal buds was the greatest on plants pinched on August 1 and August 15. The percentage of breaks forming flower buds decreased on plants pinched after August 1 and no flower buds were formed on plants pinched after August 15.
Estimating Yield and Fruit Numbers of Apple Trees from Branch Samples1
Authors: Forshey C. G. , Elfving D. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yield and fruit numbers data were collected from whole trees and sample branches in 4 orchards of 3 cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) over a 4-year period. Coefficients of correlation between yield/tree and (crop load × geometric mean of trunk circumference and trunk cross-sectional area), and between number of fruits/tree and (fruit set × geometric mean of trunk circumference and trunk cross-sectional area), were 0.91 and 0.93, respectively. Using regression analyses, the error of estimate for individual trees was ±11.0% for yield/tree and ±10.4% for number of fruits/tree. The corresponding values for treatment means were ±6.4% and ±5.4%, respectively.
Attempting Chemical Induction of Haploidy Using Toluidine Blue1
Authors: Al-Yasiri S. , Rogers O. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Earlier references reported that toluidine blue would prevent the division of the generative nucleus in developing pollen tubes. These references suggested that a concommitant event might be stimulation of the embryo without fertilization resulting in the practical production of haploid seed. A test of this premise in tomatoes and corn is described herein. Haploids were not produced in excess of spontaneous levels. The probable cause is that fertilization of the diploid fusion nucleus does not occur. Thus there is no endosperm to provide a food supply for the embryo.
Iron - Manganese Relations of ‘Sungold’ Peaches in Western Colorado1
Authors: Rogers Ε well 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ammonium sulfate at 1620 and 2700 g and ammonium sulfate at 1620 g plus 56, 113, or 226 g per tree sodium ferric ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxphenylacetate) or ammonium sulfate at 1620 g plus 136 or 272 g FeSOFeSO4 per tree were applied in April 1964 to 1966, inclusive, to ‘Sungold’ peach trees in Western Colorado. Sodium ferric ethylenediamine di-(o-hydroxphenylacetate) at 56, 113, and 226 g plus 1620 g ammonium sulfate significantly depressed the uptake of Mn in ‘Sungold’ peach trees. These treatments corrected iron chlorosis. All Ν treatments increased the Ν of the leaves. The treatments had no significant effect on Zn uptake, trunk or shoot growth or size, yield, and color of fruit.
Influence of Seeding Rate, Source and Level of Nitrogen on Collards1
Authors: del Valle C. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yield, color, petiole-blade ratio, and percentage of fiber and Ν were evaluated for collards (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), grown under field conditions. The yield, color, and Ν percentage in tops were increased as the Ν level was increased from 40 to 160 lb N/A. A split application of 80 1b. N/A at planting and 80 1b 20 days after planting gave the best yield. Best color was obtained at seeding rates of 2 or 4 1b/A. Leaf color decreased as the seeding rate increased from 2 to 8 1b/A. The petiole-blade ratio and fiber percentage were not significantly affected by the seeding rate or level and source of N. It was possible to obtain equally good yields and color with NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, or NH4NO3.
Regulation of Endogenous Indoleacetic Acid and Keeping Quality of Poinsettia1
Authors: Gilbart David A. , Sink Kenneth C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A study was made of the changes with aging in the level of endogenous auxin and the activity of IAA-oxidase in the bracts of two poinsettia cultivars. The auxin level decreased with time in both cultivars but faster in the poor keeper. The activity of the IAA-oxidase system and the level of hydrogen peroxide increased with aging. The auxin level could be related to the activity of IAA-oxidase, which in turn could be related to the appearance of new forms of peroxidase. A hypothesis is developed to explain differences in keeping quality among poinsettia cultivars based on changes in the level of endogenous auxin.
The Relation of Physiological Stage, Preconditioning, and Rate of Fall of Temperature to Cold Injury and Decline of Peach Trees1
Authors: Daniell Jeff W. , Crosby Frederick L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Freezing tests were conducted on 1-year-old ‘Elberta’ peach trees during the dormant season. The degree of injury was recognized by discolored cambial area, bud mortality, vegetative vigor of buds, and retardation of leaf development. Plants preconditioned at 70° until new tissue was evident and then subjected to low temperatures were injured more severely than those not preconditioned. The freezing rate had a greater effect on the degree of injury than the minimum temperature reached within the range tested. Severity of injury at a given temperature was associated with the physiological stage of the trees. Plants exhibited more injury when frozen just prior to a natural “leaf expansion” than at periods earlier in the dormant season, even though the plants were preconditioned to the same apparent growth state. These data along with data on natural temperature conditions in a region where peach-tree decline is severe are discussed in relation to peach-tree decline.
Growth of Seeded and Seedless Pistachio Nuts1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Bradley Muriel V. , Nelson M. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As with most other drupe fruits, curves representing growth in length and diameter of seeded pistachio nuts reveal 3 distinct periods, 2 cycles of rapid growth separated by 1 of slow growth. Growth curves of seedless pistachios, however, are similar to those of almond (a dry drupe) in which a rapid growth phase is followed by one of inconsequential growth. Embryo development in the pistachio is delayed longer than in other drupes; it is not evident macroscopically until about 30 days after completion of the initial period of pericarp growth. Seedlessness, the symptoms of which are not manifest until after most pericarp growth has occurred, frequently appears to be associated with necrosis of the apical portion of the funiculus supporting the seed, and consequent seed abortion.
Factors Influencing the Cold Hardiness of Taxus cuspidata Roots1,2
Authors: Mityga H. G. , Lanphear F. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The root system of Taxus cuspidata Sieb, and Zucc. exhibited zones of varying cold hardiness. Root hardiness was greatest in sections close to the stem while the root tips were least hardy. The light-colored young roots did not develop hardiness under any of the environmental treatments. Hardiness of the dark mature roots was usually similar to that of the leaves. Under natural conditions mature root hardiness was greater than −29.0°C. Daily application of Alar3 as a soil drench, increased the hardiness of young roots to the hardiness level of mature roots. Amo 16184 was less effective and significantly decreased the hardiness of mature roots. Mature roots from girdled plants did not develop hardiness, indicating their dependence on the top of the plant for development of root hardiness. Roots dehardened more slowly than leaves in the spring.
Susceptibility of Lycopersicon spp. to Ozone Injury1
Authors: Gentile A. G. , Feder W. A. , Young R. E. , Santner Z. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Accessions, breeding lines, and varieties of Lycopersicon spp. and one accession of Solarium pennellii Correll were evaluated for sensitivity to controlled concentrations of O3 and to ambient air at Waltham, Massachusetts. The plant material was exposed in different stages of development to controlled O3 concentrations of 0.25 ppm for 3 hours, 0.05 ppm for 2 weeks and to 0.10 ppm for 4 weeks. Based upon the degree of foliar injury, the tested material was separated into tolerant, intermediate and sensitive populations. The highest degree of tolerance was observed in L. esculentum Mill, and the highest degree of sensitivity in L. pimpinellifolium. Germination of pollen from inflorescences exposed to 0.10 ppm was reduced 40% in sensitive accessions of L. pimpinellifolium when placed on artificial medium. No significant reduction was observed in the most tolerant accession of L. esculentum. Differences in percent germination were not observed when pollen of sensitive and tolerant accessions was placed on artificial medium and exposed to 0.10 ppm O3 for a six-hour period. Reciprocal cross pollinations between exposed and unexposed populations led to normal fruit development with viable seeds.
Effects of Trunk and Rootstock on Decline, Growth and Performance of Pear1
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Cameron H. R. , Lombard P. B. , Cordy C. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pear plots established in 1923 and 1926 with trees composed of several rootstock and trunk combinations were assessed for tree size, susceptibility to pear decline and for fruit quality. In general, Pyrus ussuriensis Max. and P. pyrifolia Burm. & Nak. rootstocks resulted in small trees, P. communis L. and P. calleryana Decne. intermediate, and P. betulaefolia Bunge large. The latter was most resistant to decline, followed by P. calleryana and P. communis, with P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis susceptible. The use of the oriental hybrid cvs. Variolosa and Tolstoy as interstocks increased the severity of pear decline symptoms though all trees were not uniformly susceptible. The use of the P. communis cv. Old Home as a scion rooted trunkstock decreased the degree of decline. Fruit quality was good on most combinations but was generally better on P. calleryana than other rootstocks. Pyrus betulaefolia caused cork spot and poor quality of ‘Anjou’ but this same rootstock resulted in outstanding quality of ‘Seckel’.
Berry Response of ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Perlette’ Grapes to Application of Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Weaver Robert J. , Pool Robert M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At a stage just after bloom, gibberellin (GA3) at 600 ppm induced maximum increase in berry size of ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes. Seven days after fruit-set, only 25 ppm were required for maximum response. In both instances, regression lines of best fit between GA3 concentration and berry weight indicated a logarithmic response. At both late bloom and early fruit-set stages there was a large increase in berry size, but at a time halfway between these stages the response to GA3 was much less striking. After fruit-set there was a gradual decrease in response to GA3. Increase in berry size due to girdling, on both vines sprayed at bloom and fruit set with GA3 and on unsprayed vines was maximum when berry diameter was 3-10 mm at time of girdling. There was no interaction between berry response to girdling and to gibberellin application. At fruit-set, ‘Perlette’ berries generally responded to increases in GA3 concentration up to 600 ppm.