bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of sinus distribution between nasal irrigation and nasal spray using fluorescein‐labelled in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Muenkaew Yosita , Tangbumrungtham Navarat , Roongpuvapaht Boonsam , Tanjararak Kangsadarn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to compare the potential sinus distribution between high‐volume nasal irrigation and nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients who have not undergone sinus surgery.Design and SettingA randomised clinical study was conducted at the Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck Surgery Department, Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University.ParticipantsForty patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS. Thirty‐eight patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to receive nasal irrigation or nasal spray mixed with fluorescein sodium preoperatively.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the mean difference in the staining score of fluorescein in all sinuses between the two groups.ResultsThe total fluorescein staining score for all sinuses in the nasal irrigation group was significantly higher than the score from the nasal spray group, with a mean difference score of 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.22–4.58, p = .001. The most significantly affected sinuses were the maxillary and the anterior ethmoid sinuses, while the frontal and sphenoid sinuses had only minimal staining from both techniques.ConclusionNasal irrigation is a potential route to deliver drugs into the sinus in unoperated CRS patients. However, it is not considered a superior method to nasal spray in the most challenging anatomical areas, that is, the frontal and sphenoid sinuses.
Biogeography of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) in Texas and implications on conservation biology
Authors: de Moulpied Michael , Smith Chase H. , Robertson Clinton R. , Johnson Nathan A. , Lopez Roel , Randklev Charles R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimBiogeography seeks to identify and explain the spatial distributions of species and has become an important tool used by conservationists to protect and manage aquatic organisms. Texas, located in the southwestern United States, is home to 52 species of freshwater mussels, 9 of which are endemic to Texas and 7 that are endemic to Texas and neighboring states or countries. There have been two major attempts to classify this fauna into biogeographical provinces; however, both efforts relied on limited distribution information and outdated taxonomy. To address both issues, we set out to delineate biogeographic provinces for freshwater mussels in Texas by using a comprehensive distributional dataset of >28,000 records and molecular information.LocationSouthwestern United States.MethodsWe compiled community and molecular data for 48 of the 52 freshwater mussel species that occur in Texas. We performed algorithmic hierarchal cluster analysis (HCA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on Euclidean distance to identify biogeographic groupings. We conducted a similar analysis using molecular sequence data for our target species.ResultsBased on the results from community and molecular data, we identified seven biogeographic provinces for freshwater mussels in Texas: Great Plains, Mississippi Embayment, Sabine‐Neches, Trinity‐San Jacinto, Central Texas, Rio Grande and Coastal. However, the Coastal and Great Plains provinces were not included in our analysis and were recognized based on previous work.Main conclusionsOur approach integrating community and molecular datasets provides a comprehensive assessment of the biogeography of freshwater mussels in Texas, which serves as a model for future biogeographic studies. Our findings also shed light on the ecological, evolutionary and geologic processes shaping freshwater mussel communities in Texas, which is important for the conservation of remaining biodiversity in the state.
Does code‐switching influence novel word learning?
Authors: Kaushanskaya Margarita , Crespo Kimberly , Neveu Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCode‐switching occurs regularly in the input to bilingual children. Yet, the effect of code‐switched input on language development is unclear. To test whether word learning would be affected by code‐switching, Spanish–English bilingual children (N = 45, 19 boys, MeanAge = 5.05 years; ethnicity: 37 Hispanic/Latino, six Non‐Hispanic/Latino, two unreported) were taught English‐like novel words in two conditions. In the English‐only condition, definitions for novel words were provided entirely in English. In the code‐switch condition, definitions for novel words were provided in English and Spanish, incorporating code‐switches. Children required fewer exposures to retain novel words in the code‐switch than the English‐only condition and this effect was not moderated by children's language ability or exposure to code‐switching, suggesting that code‐switched input does not pose word‐learning risks to bilingual children, including children with lower levels of language ability.
Modulation of cellular redox environment as a novel therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Deus Cláudia M. , Teixeira José , Raimundo Nuno , Tucci Paolo , Borges Fernanda , Saso Luciano , Oliveira Paulo J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable neurodegenerative movement disorder. PD affects 2% of the population above 65 years old; however, with the growing number of senior citizens, PD prevalence is predicted to increase in the following years. Pathologically, PD is characterized by dopaminergic cell neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra, resulting in decreased dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal pathway, triggering motor symptoms. Although the pathological mechanisms leading to PD are still unclear, large evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays an important role, not only because it increases with age which is the most significant risk factor for PD development, but also as a result of alterations in several processes, particularly mitochondria dysfunction. The modulation of oxidative stress, especially using dietary mitochondriotropic antioxidants, represents a promising approach to prevent or treat PD. Although most mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants with beneficial effects in PD‐associated models have failed to show any therapeutic benefit in clinical trials, several questions remain to be clarified. Hereby, we review the role played by oxidative stress in PD pathogenesis, emphasizing mitochondria as reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers and as targets for oxidative stress‐related dysfunctional mechanisms. In addition, we also describe the importance of using dietary‐based mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants as a valuable strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of ROS in pre‐clinical and/or clinical trials of PD, pointing out their significance to slow, and possibly halt, the progression of PD.
Neurofilament light chain and total tau in the differential diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of acute and chronic inflammatory polyneuropathies
Authors: Kmezic Ivan , Samuelsson Kristin , Finn Anja , Upate Zane , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Press Rayomand 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of axonal injury biomarkers in patients with inflammatory polyneuropathies.MethodsNeurofilament light chain (NfL) and total tau (T‐tau) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in 41 patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), 32 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), 10 with paraproteinemia‐related demyelinating polyneuropathy (PDN), and 8 with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN), in comparison with 39 disease‐free controls and 59 other controls. Outcome was measured with the GBS‐disability score (GBS‐ds) or Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability score.ResultsNeurofilament light chain levels in CSF and plasma were higher in GBS, CIDP, and PDN vs. disease‐free controls. Patients with MMN had higher NfL levels in plasma vs. disease‐free controls, but lower levels in CSF and plasma vs. patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).T‐tau levels in plasma were higher in GBS, CIDP, PDN, and MMN vs. all control groups.Neurofilament light chain levels in CSF and plasma in patients with GBS correlated with GBS‐ds, as higher levels were associated with inability to run after 6 and 12 months. NfL levels in CSF and plasma in CIDP did not correlate significantly with outcome.ConclusionsAcute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies are associated with an increase in levels of NfL in CSF and plasma, but NfL is validated as a prognostic biomarker only in GBS. NfL could be used in differentiating patients with MMN from ALS. T‐tau in plasma is a novel biomarker that could be used in a diagnostic assessment of patients with acute and chronic inflammatory polyneuropathies.
In courts we trust, or should we? Judicial independence as the precondition for the effectiveness of EU law
Authors: Bárd Petra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present article argues that the EU possesses an arsenal of tools to address dissuasively rule of law problems in the Member States. This shows the double nature of the EU's separation of powers problem. Whereas some states suffer from rule of law decline and a lack of limitation of governmental powers, there is a risk of the crumbling of separation of powers at the EU level, too, where institutions fail to adequately address rule of law violations. Against the EU institutions' lack of forceful action towards rule of law backsliding, domestic courts try to protect judicial independence increasingly via preliminary references. Also, they attempt preventing the proliferation of the consequences of rule of law decline via judicial cooperation in the mutual trust/mutual recognition domain. This article explores to what extent preliminary rulings can make up for the failure to use adequate EU tools of rule of law enforcement.
Multifaceted DNA metabarcoding of guano to uncover multiple classes of ecological data in two different bat communities
Authors: Lance Richard F. , Guan Xin , Swift Joel F. , Edwards Christine E. , Lindsay Denise L. , Britzke Eric R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDNA contained in animal scat provides a wealth of information about the animal, and DNA metabarcoding of scat collections can provide key information about animal populations and communities. Next‐generation DNA sequencing technologies and DNA metabarcoding provide an efficient means for obtaining information available in scat samples. We used multifaceted DNA metabarcoding (MDM) of noninvasively collected bat guano pellets from a Myotis lucifugus colony on Fort Drum Military Installation, New York, USA, and from two mixed‐species bat roosts on Fort Huachuca Military Installation, Arizona, USA, to identify attributes such as bat species composition, sex ratios, diet, and the presence of pathogens and parasites. We successfully identified bat species for nearly 98% of samples from Fort Drum and 90% of samples from Fort Huachuca, and identified the sex for 84% and 67% of samples from these same locations, respectively. Species and sex identification matched expectations based on prior censuses of bat populations utilizing those roosts, though samples from some species were more or less common than anticipated within Fort Huachuca roosts. Nearly 62% of guano samples from Fort Drum contained DNA from Pseudogymnoascus destructans, where bats with wing damage from White‐nose Syndrome were commonly observed. Putative dietary items were detected in a majority of samples from insectivorous bats on Fort Drum (81%) and Fort Huachuca (63%). A minority of guano samples identified as the nectarivorous Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (28%) provided DNA sequences from putative forage plant species. Finally, DNA sequences from both putative ecto‐ and endoparasite taxa were detected in 35% and 56% of samples from Fort Drum and Fort Huachuca, respectively. This study demonstrates that the combination of noninvasive sampling, DNA metabarcoding, and sample and locus multiplexing provide a wide array of data that are otherwise difficult to obtain.
Grammatical and lexical development during study abroad: Research on a corpus of spoken L2 Chinese
Authors: Du Hang 
Published: May 2022

The ChallengeResults of research on the effects of study abroad on the development of grammatical accuracy, mostly in major European languages, have been inconclusive. How can corpus linguistics research on a large corpus of spoken L2 Chinese answer this question? Will it reveal patterns that are otherwise undiscoverable with other methods?
Trabajo agrícola e inseguridad alimentaria de la población siria refugiada en Oriente Medio durante la primera ola de COVID‐19
Authors: ZUNTZ Ann‐Christin , KLEMA Mackenzie , ABDULLATEEF Shaher , MAZERI Stella , ALNABOLSI Salim Faisal , ALFADEL Abdulellah , ABI‐HABIB Joy , AZAR Maria , CALIA Clara , BURKE Joseph , GRANT Liz , BODEN Lisa 
Published: May 2022

ResumenA partir de datos etnográficos de los proyectos SyrianFoodFutures (2019) y From the FIELD (2020), se proporciona evidencia sobre los primeros efectos de la pandemia de COVID‐19 en el trabajo agrícola de refugiadas y refugiados en Iraq, Jordania, el Líbano, Siria y Turquía. En la primavera de 2020, las restricciones de movimientos y las interrupciones de la cadena de suministro hicieron que las y los trabajadores agrícolas sirios desplazados perdieran sus empleos y se enfrentaran a una mayor inseguridad alimentaria. Los autores destacan el uso de la ambigüedad legal por parte de los países de acogida hacia la población refugiada, la dependencia de la agricultura de Oriente Medio de la mano de obra migrante y la prolongada inseguridad alimentaria de la región. Llegan a la conclusión de que la formalización del trabajo de la población refugiada no es suficiente para hacer frente a la explotación.
Facilitators and barriers for implementing the integrated behavioural health care model in the USA: An integrative review
Authors: Peer Yifat , Koren Ainat 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe integrated behavioural health care (IBHC) model incorporates mental health services with primary care. This service model is widely advocated due to its increasing access to health care and cost‐saving. By connecting individuals with mental illnesses with a primary care provider, this model of care promotes collaboration between interdisciplinary teams, and therefore, increases health equity, decreases stigma, and increases patient satisfaction. This integrative review aimed to examine and synthesize available literature on facilitators and barriers related to the IBHC model implementation in the United States. An integrative review methodology by Whittemore and Knafl was utilized, and data evaluation was based on the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. The social‐ecological model guided the review. Twenty‐two articles were analysed, and nine themes were identified, which were further organized according to the five levels of the social‐ecological model and consisted of intrapersonal level – patient‐centered care; interpersonal level – relationships; community level – physical accessibility; organizational level – operation and infrastructure, team approach, training in behavioural health, electronic medical record, and staffing; and policy level – funds and health insurance. Most facilitating factors were on the organizational level and related to infrastructure, team approach, patient‐centered care, and the most noted barrier was poor relationships. Nurses can increase engagement in integrated care by assuming roles that oversee patient care, foster professional collaborations, and improve relationships. Future research should focus on vulnerable populations this model serves, patients' perspectives, and the effect of telehealth.
Academic stress, COVID‐19 anxiety, and quality of life among nursing students: The mediating role of resilience
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E. , Grande Rizal Angelo N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study investigated the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between academic stress, COVID‐19 anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) among Filipino nursing students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has impacted the QoL of nursing students who are experiencing mental health issues. The mediating role of resilience in mitigating the effects of academic stress and COVID‐19 anxiety on nursing students’ QoL remains understudied.MethodsThis study employed a correlational cross‐sectional design, with a convenience sample of 611 Filipino nursing students. Data were collected using the scales Connor and Davidson Resilience, Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life, COVID‐19 Anxiety, and Perception of Academic Stress and analyzed using Pearson's r, bivariate analysis, and multistage regression analyses.ResultsAcademic stress and COVID‐19 anxiety negatively correlated with QoL and resilience. Resilience was positively associated with QoL and reduced the effect of academic stress on QoL, indicating that resilience is a crucial mediating variable between academic stress and QoL. Finally, resilience had a significant mediating influence on QoL, as evidenced by a reduction in the effect of COVID‐19 anxiety on QoL among nursing students.ConclusionsFilipino nursing students' QoL was affected by academic stress and COVID‐19–related anxiety. However, resilience mediated this impact, preserving QoL.Implications for nursing and health policyNursing colleges and affiliated hospitals must collaborate to monitor academic stress and pandemic‐related anxiety. Nursing students should be provided with programs such as seminars and team‐building activities to enhance their resilience.
Determining the relationship between loneliness and depression in adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Kayaoğlu Kübra , Başcıllar Mehmet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between loneliness and depression felt by adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Design and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 423 adolescents who volunteered to participate in the study. All participants had internet access and the cognitive ability to express themselves. The participants filled out the Google Documents form that included the “Socio‐demographic Data Form,” “Children's Depression Inventory,” and “Short‐form UCLA Loneliness Scale” to collect data.FindingsIt was determined that the depression inventory total mean score of the adolescents participating in the study was 55.15 ± 2.88 (high) and the loneliness scale total mean score was 16.43 ± 4.93 (medium). A statistically positive high correlation was found between the depression total mean scores and the loneliness total mean scores of the adolescents (p < 0.05). As the loneliness levels of the adolescents increased, their depression levels increased.Practice ImplicationsAdolescents were more likely to experience mental disorders such as loneliness and depression during and after the pandemic. Governments should focus on the mental health of adolescents in the management of COVID‐19. Clinical services should plan and implement prevention activities, support programs, and services to replace early diagnosis and intervention.
Citizen science reveals the population structure and seasonal presence of whale sharks in the Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Magson Kirsty , Monacella Emily , Scott Chad , Buffat Noémie , Arunrugstichai Sirachai , Chuangcharoendee Metavee , Pierce Simon J. , Holmberg Jason , Araujo Gonzalo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe whale shark Rhincodon typus is a broadly distributed and highly mobile planktivorous shark species. The sharks form predictable aggregations in many areas, providing the opportunity for cost‐effective scientific monitoring through divers and other marine resource users. Sightings of individuals outside of these aggregate zones elsewhere in their range are typically rare. We used a citizen science‐based approach to shed light on occurrence and seasonality in the waters around Koh Tao, Thailand and neighbouring islands in the Gulf of Thailand. Although there is a paucity of quantitative data, anecdotal reports suggest substantial declines in sightings in the early 2000s. We identified a total of 178 individual whale sharks (from 249 sightings) between 2004 and 2019, with most of these (84%) from the 2015–2019 time period due to an increase in sighting reports facilitated by social media and direct marketing. Size estimates were reported for 102 of the sightings, with a range of 2–6 m and mean of 3.7 m overall. Sex was reported for 27% of sightings, with a 2:1 female‐to‐male ratio. Modified maximum likelihood methods suggest whale sharks are transient to Koh Tao and surrounding areas, with whale shark sightings following the regional monsoon cycle. One international resighting was obtained from Malaysian waters (~700 km away). Encouraging citizen science participation is particularly useful in data‐poor regions like the Gulf of Thailand, despite limitations in size and sex estimation reliability, which can play an important complementary role in dedicated research programs.
Epidemiological trends of gastrointestinal and liver diseases in Malaysia: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Lim Sze Zee , Chuah Kee Huat , Rajaram Ruveena Bhavani , Stanley Khoo , Shahrani Shahreedhan , Chan Wah Kheong , Ho Shiaw Hooi , Hilmi Ida Normiha , Goh Khean Lee , Mahadeva Sanjiv 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases is recognized to have a geographical variation, which may be due to environmental or genetic differences. We aimed to explore this further in a specialist clinic serving a multi‐ethnic Asian urban population.MethodsA retrospective analysis of outpatient data from this institution's electronic medical records was conducted between January and June 2019. Clinical diagnoses of GI and liver diseases and associated demographic information were collected.ResultsData from 3676 adult patients (median age 62 years, female 51.1%) were available for analysis. The frequency of luminal GI, liver and pancreato‐biliary diseases were 34.2%, 63.2%, and 2.6%, respectively. Among luminal GI diseases, 38.6% were functional gastrointestinal disorders and 61.4% had an organic cause. A higher proportion of patients of Indian ethnicity were diagnosed with IBD compared with other ethnic groups (India 21.9%, Malay 16.5%, Chinese 12.2%,P = 0.001). Among liver diseases, the most common etiologies were HBV (44.4%) and NAFLD (39.3%). Cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma were present in 18% of liver diseases, with NAFLD as the most frequent etiology. Among patients with NAFLD, a higher proportion of ethnic Malays and Indians were evident (Malay 53.8%vsChinese 28.7%vsIndian 61.1%,P < 0.001). In contrast, a greater proportion of ethnic Chinese were diagnosed with HBV compared with other ethnic groups (Malay 30.9%vsChinese 57.5%vsIndian 8.4%,P < 0.001).ConclusionThe spectrum of GI and liver diseases has a peculiar epidemiology, particularly with reference to the ethnic predilection of certain diseases.