bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Events Relating to Prolonged Hard Collar Immobilisation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brannigan Jamie F.M. , Dohle Esmee , Critchley Giles R. , Trivedi Rikin , Laing Rodney J. , Davies Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2022

Study Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objective To evaluate systematically the complications of prolonged cervical immobilisation in a hard collar. Methods Following registration with PROSPERO, a systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened the search results according to pre-determined search criteria. Data was extracted and tabulated. Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for assessing the quality of included studies. Results The search identified 773 articles. A total of 25 studies were selected for final inclusion. The results largely comprised a mixture of case reports/series, cohort studies and reviews. The most commonly reported complications were pressure ulcers, dysphagia and increased intracranial pressure. A pressure ulcer pooled prevalence of 7% was calculated. There was insufficient data for quantitative analysis of any other complication. Conclusions There is significant morbidity from prolonged hard collar immobilisation, even amongst younger patients. Whilst based upon limited and low-quality evidence, these findings, combined with the low-quality evidence for the efficacy of hard collars, highlights a knowledge gap for future research.
Limited genetic diversity and high differentiation in Angelica dahurica resulted from domestication: insights to breeding and conservation
Authors: Huang Rong , Liu Yinrong , Chen Jianling , Lu Zuyu , Wang Jiajia , He Wei , Chao Zhi , Tian Enwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAngelica dahuricabelongs to the Apiaceae family, whose dry root is a famous traditional Chinese medicine named as “Bai zhi”. There are two cultivars (A. dahuricacv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ andA. dahuricacv. ‘Qibaizhi’), which have been domesticated for thousands of years. Long term artificial selection has led to great changes in root phenotypes of the two cultivars, and also decreased their adaptability to environment. We proposed hypothesis that the cultivars may have lost some of the genetic diversity found in the wild species and may be highly differentiated from the latter during the domestication process. However, few studies have been carried out on how domestication affected the genetic variation of this species. Here, we accessed the levels of genetic variation and differentiation within and between wildA. dahuricapopulations and two cultivars using 12 microsatellite markers.ResultsThe results revealed that the genetic diversity of the cultivars was much lower than that of wildA. dahurica, andA. dahuricacv. ‘Qibaizhi’ had lower genetic diversity compared toA. dahuricacv. ‘Hangbaizhi’. AMOVA analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between the wild and cultivatedA. dahuricapopulations, and betweenA. dahuricacv. ‘Hangbaizhi’ andA. dahuricacv. ‘Qibaizhi’. Results from Bayesian, UPGMA, NJ and PcoA clustering analysis indicated that all 15 populations were assigned to two genetic clusters corresponding to the wild and cultivated populations. Bayesian clustering analysis further divided the cultivated populations into two sub-clusters corresponding to the two cultivars.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the domestication process is likely the major factor resulting in the loss of genetic diversity in cultivatedA. dahuricapopulations and in significant genetic differentiation from the wild populations due to founder effect and/or artificially directional selections. This large-scale analysis of population genetics could provide valuable information for genetic resources conservation and breeding programs ofAngelica dahurica.
Specific lysophosphatidylcholine and acylcarnitine related to sarcopenia and its components in older men
Authors: Meng Li , Yang Ruiyue , Wang Daguang , Wu Wenbin , Shi Jing , Shen Ji , Dang Yamin , Fan Guoqing , Shi Hong , Dong Jun , Xi Huan , Yu Pulin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Metabolic profiling may provide insights into the pathogenesis and identification of sarcopenia; however, data on the metabolic basis of sarcopenia and muscle-related parameters among older adults remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the associations of metabolites with sarcopenia and its components, and to explore metabolic perturbations in older men, who have a higher prevalence of sarcopenia than women.

Methods
We simultaneously measured the concentrations of amino acids, carnitine, acylcarnitines, and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) in serum samples from a cross-sectional study of 246 Chinese older men, using targeted metabolomics. Sarcopenia and its components, including skeletal muscle index (SMI), 6-m gait speed, and handgrip strength were assessed according to the algorithm of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Associations were determined by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
Sixty-five (26.4%) older men with sarcopenia and 181 (73.6%) without sarcopenia were included in the study. The level of isovalerylcarnitine (C5) was associated with the presence of sarcopenia and SMI. Regarding the overlapped metabolites for muscle parameters, among ten metabolites associated with muscle mass, six metabolites including leucine, octanoyl-L-carnitine (C8), decanoyl-L-carnitine (C10), dodecanoyl-L-carnitine (C12) and tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine (C14), and LPC18:2 were associated with handgrip strength, and three of which (C12, C14, and LPC18:2) were also associated with gait speed. Specifically, tryptophan was positively associated and glycine was negatively associated with handgrip strength, while glutamate was positively correlated with gait speed. Isoleucine, branched chain amino acids, and LPC16:0 were positively associated with SMI. Moreover, the levels of LPC 16:0,18:2 and 18:0 contributed significantly to the model discriminating between older men with and without sarcopenia, whereas there were no significant associations for other amino acids, acylcarnitines, and LPC lipids.

Conclusions
These results showed that specific and overlapped metabolites are associated with sarcopenic parameters in older men. This study highlights the potential roles of acylcarnitines and LPCs in sarcopenia and its components, which may provide valuable information regarding the pathogenesis and management of sarcopenia.
Assessment of factors associated with depression and anxiety among pwMS in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlSaeed Safanah , Alkhawajah Nuha M. , Ayyash Mohsen , Aljarallah Salman , Alarieh Rola , Abu-Shaheen Amani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic disease that is characterized by an increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in patients with MS (pwMS). The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors of depression and anxiety in pwMS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Materials and methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in KSA during the period from March to June 2020. Participants were recruited from the Neuroimmunology clinics in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and King Saud University medical city (KSUMC)in Riyadh City, KSA. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure depression and anxiety. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to measure fatigue in pwMS. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select participants and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.24.0.

Results
A total of 529 participants participated in this study with a response rate of 53.1%. The prevalences of anxiety and depression were 35.3% and 19.7%, respectively. The findings also revealed that depression was more likely to be significantly affected by being male, low education, unemployment, physical inactivity, and fatigue but the anxiety was significantly affected by region, unemployment, short duration since last MS relapse, physical inactivity, and fatigue.

Conclusion
Anxiety and depression are not uncommon in pwMS. Given their impact on the lives of affected patients, early detection and management of these symptoms and their associated factors are crucial.
Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations during pregnancy and associations with ethnicity
Authors: Waage Christin W. , Mdala Ibrahim , Stigum Hein , Jenum Anne Karen , Birkeland Kåre I. , Shakeel Nilam , Michelsen Trond M. , Richardsen Kåre R. , Sletner Line 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To describe ethnic differences in concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, and their changes, during pregnancy to postpartum.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study conducted in primary antenatal care in Norway. The participants (n = 806) were healthy, pregnant women, 59% were ethnic minorities. Outcomes were triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, analysed from fasting blood samples drawn at gestational age (weeks) 15, 28 and 14 weeks postpartum. We performed linear regression models and linear mixed models to explore the total effect of ethnicity on the outcomes, adjusting for gestational age /week postpartum, maternal age and education. The analyses are corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni correction.

Results
At gestational age 15, triglyceride concentrations were lower in women of African origin (1.03 mmol/mol (95% CI: 0.90, 1.16)) and higher in women of South Asian (primarily Pakistan and Sri Lanka) origin (1.42 mmol/mol (1.35, 1.49)) and East Asian (primarily Vietnam, Philippines and Thailand) origin (1.58 mmol/mol (1.43, 1.73)) compared with Western Europeans (1.26 mmol/mol (1.20, 1.32)). Women of Asian and African origin had a smaller increase in triglycerides, LDL- and total cholesterol from gestational age 15 to 28. At gestational age 28, LDL-cholesterol levels were lowest among East Asians (3.03 mmol/mol (2.72, 3.34)) compared with Western Europeans (3.62 mmol/mol (3.50, 3.74)). Triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were lower postpartum than at gestational age 15 in all groups, but the concentration of LDL-cholesterol was higher, except in Africans. South and East Asian women had lower HDL-cholesterol and higher triglycerides postpartum, while African women had lower triglycerides than Western Europeans.

Conclusion
We found significant differences in the concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins and their changes during pregnancy and the early postpartum period related to ethnic origin.
Childbirth fear, birth-related mindset and knowledge in non-pregnant women without birth experience
Authors: Rublein Lisa , Muschalla Beate 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildbirth fear and interventions during childbirth might be related to the mindset and knowledge non-pregnant women have regarding childbirth. Non-pregnant women before their first birth experience may be particularly at risk for childbirth fear.MethodsThe present study examined the expressions and associations of birth-related mindset, knowledge, and fear among 316 young, non-pregnant women without birth experience. They participated in a cross-sectional online study and completed the Childbirth Fear Prior to Pregnancy, the Mindset and Birth Questionnaire, and a birth knowledge test.ResultsMost women (44%) had a natural mindset and low fear, 29% had a medical mindset and low fear, 8% natural mindset and higher fear, and 19% medical mindset and higher fear.There were no differences in knowledge between the four groups. Some gaps in knowledge appeared concerning signs of beginning birth, and non-medical approaches to pain relief. From women with natural mindset and low childbirth fear, a higher percentage (13%) has already watched a birth, as compared to the other groups.Natural mindset was associated with lower childbirth fear, whereas knowledge was independent from childbirth fear. Higher knowledge was low associated with natural mindset. Mindset and childbirth fear were independent from age and education degree.ConclusionsGynecologists, midwifes and other health professionals may develop an awareness for birth as a natural event in their non-pregnant patients, and take birth-related fear into account in their counseling, with focus on women’s self-efficacy and non-medical approaches to pain relief.
Pan-cancer analysis identifies BIRC5 as a prognostic biomarker
Authors: Fäldt Beding Anna , Larsson Peter , Helou Khalil , Einbeigi Zakaria , Parris Toshima Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundTheBIRC5gene encodes for the Survivin protein, which is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. Survivin is found in humans during fetal development, but generally not in adult cells thereafter. Previous studies have shown that Survivin is abundant in most cancer cells, thereby making it a promising target for anti-cancer drugs and a potential prognostic tool.MethodsTo assess genetic alterations and mutations in theBIRC5gene as well asBIRC5co-expression with other genes, genomic and transcriptomic data were downloaded via cBioPortal for approximately 9000 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) representing 33 different cancer types and 11 pan-cancer organ systems, and validated using the ICGC Data Portal and COSMIC. TCGABIRC5RNA sequencing data from 33 different cancer types and matching normal tissue samples for 16 cancer types were downloaded from Broad GDAC Firehose and validated using breast cancer microarray data from our previous work and data sets from the GENT2 web-based tool. Survival data were analyzed with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and validated using KM plotter for breast-, ovarian-, lung- and gastric cancer.ResultsAlthough genetic alterations inBIRC5were not common in cancer,BIRC5expression was significantly higher in cancer tissue compared to normal tissue in the 16 different cancer types. For 14/33 cancer types, higherBIRC5expression was linked to worse overall survival (OS, 4/14 after adjusting for both age and tumor grade and 10/14 after adjusting only for age). Interestingly, higherBIRC5expression was associated with better OS in lung squamous cell carcinoma and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. HigherBIRC5expression was also linked to shorter progressive-free interval (PFI) for 14/33 cancer types (4/14 after adjusting for both age and tumor grade and 10/14 after adjusting only for age). External validation showed that highBIRC5expression was significantly associated with worse OS for breast-, lung-, and gastric cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest thatBIRC5overexpression is associated with the initiation and progression of several cancer types, and thereby a promising prognostic biomarker.
Protein-based prognostic signature for predicting the survival and immunotherapeutic efficiency of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Lai Jinzhi , Xu Tianwen , Yang Hainan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent malignancy of the female genital tract worldwide. Our study aimed to construct an effective protein prognostic signature to predict prognosis and immunotherapy responsiveness in patients with endometrial carcinoma.MethodsProtein expression data, RNA expression profile data and mutation data were obtained from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Prognosis-related proteins in EC patients were screened by univariate Cox regression analysis. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to establish the protein-based prognostic signature. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to quantify the proportions of immune cells in a mixed cell population. The Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) and The Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) web tools were used to predict the response to immunochemotherapy. The pRRophetic algorithm was used to estimate the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic and targeted agents.ResultsWe constructed a prognostic signature based on 9 prognostic proteins, which could divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with distinct prognoses. A novel prognostic nomogram was established based on the prognostic signature and clinicopathological parameters to predict 1, 3 and 5-year overall survival for EC patients. The results obtained with Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining data from EC samples in our hospital supported the predictive ability of these proteins in EC tumors. Next, the CIBERSORT algorithm was used to estimate the proportions of 22 immune cell types. The proportions of CD8 T cells, T follicular helper cells and regulatory T cells were higher in the low-risk group. Moreover, we found that the prognostic signature was positively associated with high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) status in EC patients. Finally, ImmuCellAI and TCIA analyses showed that patients in the low-risk group were more inclined to respond to immunotherapy than patients in the high-risk group. In addition, drug sensitivity analysis indicated that our signature had potential predictive value for chemotherapeutics and targeted therapy.ConclusionOur study constructed a novel prognostic protein signature with robust predictive ability for survival and efficiency in predicting the response to immunotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. This protein signature represents a promising predictor of prognosis and response to cancer treatment in EC patients.
Impact of personality functioning and pathological traits on mental wellbeing of older patients with personality disorders
Authors: Veenstra Martine S. , van Dijk Silvia D. M. , Bouman Renske , van Alphen Sebastiaan P. J. Bas , van Asselt Antoinette D. I. Thea , van den Brink Rob H. S. , Voshaar Richard C. Oude 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although personality disorders are common and consequential, they are largely ignored in geriatric mental healthcare. We examined the relative contributions of different aspects of personality disorders and comorbid mental disorders to the impairment of mental wellbeing in older adults.

Methods
Baseline data were used of 138 patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial on schema therapy for geriatric mental health outpatients with a full or subthreshold cluster B or C personality disorder. Personality was assessed according to both the categorical and dimensional model of DSM-5. Aspects of mental wellbeing assessed were; psychological distress, positive mental health, subjective health, and life satisfaction. The current study uses baseline data of the RCT to examine the associations between different aspects of personality pathology and mental wellbeing by multivariate regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, level of education, and number of chronic somatic illnesses.

Results
The vast majority of patients (79.0%) had one or more mental disorders in addition to personality disorder. Personality pathology was responsible for the core of the mental health burden experienced by patients, and negated the influence of co-occurring mental disorders when entered subsequently in multivariate analysis. Personality dimensions proved to be highly predictive of mental wellbeing, and this contrasted with absence of influence of personality disorder diagnosis. Although the personality functioning dimensions – and in particular Identity integration (large effect size with partial eta-squared = 0.36) – were the primary predictors of mental wellbeing, personality trait dimensions added significant predictive value to that (Disinhibition 0.25 and Negative affect 0.24).

Conclusions
Personality disorders seriously affect the mental wellbeing of patients, and this overshadows the impact of comorbid mental disorders. In particular personality functioning and pathological traits of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) of DSM-5 contribute to this impact on mental wellbeing. Alertness for and treatment of personality disorders in geriatric mental healthcare seems warranted.
Influence and interaction of resting state functional magnetic resonance and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 methylation on short-term antidepressant drug response
Authors: Tan Tingting , Xu Zhi , Gao Chenjie , Shen Tian , Li Lei , Chen Zimu , Chen Lei , Xu Min , Chen Bingwei , Liu Jiacheng , Zhang Zhijun , Yuan Yonggui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Most antidepressants have been developed on the basis of the monoamine deficiency hypothesis of depression, in which neuronal serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role. 5-HT biosynthesis is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2). TPH2 methylation is correlated with antidepressant effects. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is applied for detecting abnormal brain functional activity in patients with different antidepressant effects. We will investigate the effect of the interaction between rs-fMRI and TPH2 DNA methylation on the early antidepressant effects.

Methods
A total of 300 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, of which 60 patients with MDD were subjected to rs-fMRI. Antidepressant responses was assessed by a 50% reduction in 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) scores at baseline and after two weeks of medication. The RESTPlus software in MATLAB was used to analyze the rs-fMRI data. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and functional connectivity (FC) were used, and the above results were used as regions of interest (ROIs) to extract the average value of brain ROIs regions in the RESTPlus software. Generalized linear model analysis was performed to analyze the association between abnormal activity found in rs-fMRI and the effect of TPH2 DNA methylation on antidepressant responses.

Results
Two hundred ninety-one patients with MDD and 100 HCs were included in the methylation statistical analysis, of which 57 patients were included in the further rs-fMRI analysis (3 patients were excluded due to excessive head movement). 57 patients were divided into the responder group (n = 36) and the non-responder group (n = 21). Rs-fMRI results showed that the ALFF of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was significantly different between the two groups. The results showed that TPH2–1–43 methylation interacted with ALFF of left IFG to affect the antidepressant responses (p = 0.041, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p = 0.149).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the differences in the ALFF of left IFG between the two groups and its association with TPH2 methylation affect short-term antidepressant drug responses.