bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine versus norepinephrine as the first-line vasopressor in the treatment of cardiogenic shock
Authors: Na Soo Jin , Yang Jeong Hoon , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Chung Chi Ryang , Cho Yang Hyun , Choi Ki Hong , Kim Darae , Park Taek Kyu , Lee Joo Myung , Song Young Bin , Choi Jin-Oh , Hahn Joo-Yong , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundOnly a few observational studies using small patient samples and one subgroup analysis have compared norepinephrine and dopamine for the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the use of norepinephrine was associated with improvements in clinical outcomes in CS patients compared to dopamine.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed hospital medical records of patients who were admitted to cardiac intensive care unit from 2012 to 2018. We included 520 patients with CS in this analysis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and serial hemodynamic data were also assessed.ResultsAs a first-line vasopressor, dopamine was used in 156 patients (30%) and norepinephrine in 364 patients (70%). Overall, the norepinephrine group had significantly higher severity of shock, arrest at presentation, vital signs, and lactic acid than did the dopamine group at the time of vasopressor initiation. Nevertheless, in the norepinephrine group, additional vasopressor was required in 123 patients (33.8%), which was a significantly smaller percentage than the 92 patients (56.4%) in the dopamine group who required additional vasopressor (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between the two groups (26.9% and 31.9%, respectively, p = 0.26). In addition, the incidence of arrhythmia was not different between the two groups (atrial fibrillation, 12.2% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.30; ventricular tachyarrhythmia, 19.9% vs. 25.3%, p = 0.18).ConclusionsThe use of norepinephrine as a first-line vasopressor was not associated with reductions of in-hospital mortality or arrythmia but could reduce use of additional vasopressors in CS patients.
Over prescription of antibiotics in children with acute upper respiratory tract infections: A study on the knowledge, attitude and practices of non-specialized physicians in Egypt
Authors: Amin Mariam Taher , Abd El Aty Mahmoud Attia , Ahmed Sabra Mohamed , Elsedfy Ghada Omar , Hassanin Ebtisam Shawky , El-Gazzar Amira Fathy 
Published: November 2022

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the global public health threats. Increased antibiotic consumption in humans, animals, and agriculture has contributed directly to the spread of AMR. Upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are one of the most common conditions treated by antibiotics, even if unnecessary as in cases of viral infections and self-limited conditions which represent the most cases of URIs. Investigating physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding antibiotic prescriptions in children with acute URIs may reflect the problem of antibiotic over prescription. This study aims to assess the problem in our community and provide information for further planning of appropriate interventions to optimize antibiotic prescriptions.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study for all non-specialized physicians dealing with acute upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in pediatrics sittings in Assiut district, Egypt. We used a self-administered questionnaire to assess physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice. In addition, four clinical vignettes addressing different URI scenarios were included in the questionnaire to assess the patterns of antibiotic prescriptions in common cases.

Results
Our study included 153 physicians whose mean age was 32.2 ± 8.7, most of whom were pediatric residents in different health institutes in Assiut district. They had good knowledge as out of the 17 knowledge questions,the mean number of correct answers was 12.4 ± 2.9. Regarding their attitudes, mean attitude scores for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing were low. However, of those scores, the responsibility of others had the highest score (3.8 ± 0.61). Prescribing practice in special conditions of URIs showed that 80% of participants prescribed antibiotics if fever continued for more than five days and 61.4% if the child had a yellowish or greenish nasal discharge. Among 612 clinical vignettes, 326 contained antibiotic prescriptions (53.3%), and appropriate antibiotic prescriptions represented only 8.3% overall.

Conclusions
Physicians dealing with acute URIs in outpatients’ clinics in the Assiut district have good knowledge about antibiotic use and resistance and demonstrate a good attitude toward appropriate antibiotic use. Although the percentage of inappropriate prescriptions in clinical vignettes in high, more research is required to investigate the factors of antibiotic inappropriate prescribing practice and non-adherence to guidelines. Also, it is essential to set up a national antibiotic stewardship program to improve antibiotic prescribing and contain antimicrobial resistance problems.
Where is laboratory medicine headed in the next decade? Partnership model for efficient integration and adoption of artificial intelligence into medical laboratories
Authors: Carobene Anna , Cabitza Federico , Bernardini Sergio , Gopalan Raj , Lennerz Jochen K. , Weir Clare , Cadamuro Janne 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The field of artificial intelligence (AI) has grown in the past 10 years. Despite the crucial role of laboratory diagnostics in clinical decision-making, we found that the majority of AI studies focus on surgery, radiology, and oncology, and there is little attention given to AI integration into laboratory medicine.

Methods
We dedicated a session at the 3rd annual European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) strategic conference in 2022 to the topic of AI in the laboratory of the future. The speakers collaborated on generating a concise summary of the content that is presented in this paper.

Results
The five key messages are (1) Laboratory specialists and technicians will continue to improve the analytical portfolio, diagnostic quality and laboratory turnaround times; (2) The modularized nature of laboratory processes is amenable to AI solutions; (3) Laboratory sub-specialization continues and from test selection to interpretation, tasks increase in complexity; (4) Expertise in AI implementation and partnerships with industry will emerge as a professional competency and require novel educational strategies for broad implementation; and (5) regulatory frameworks and guidances have to be adopted to new computational paradigms.

Conclusions
In summary, the speakers opine that the ability to convert the value-proposition of AI in the laboratory will rely heavily on hands-on expertise and well designed quality improvement initiative from within laboratory for improved patient care.
Cockney moved East: the dialect of the first generation of East Londoners raised in Essex
Authors: Cole Amanda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a dialectological account of the variety spoken by the first generation to grow up in a community in Essex populated by East Londoners after World War II. The dialect spoken by 15 speakers (female = 9; male =6) born between 1944 and 1969 is detailed in terms of vowels, consonants, morpho-syntactic features, and a brief discussion of Cockney Rhyming Slang. Comparisons are made with previous accounts of the working-class, East London dialect, Cockney, as well as the dialects of Essex (East London’s neighbouring county), East Anglia, South East England and Multicultural London English, the dialect now prevalent in the speech of young East Londoners. There are remarkable similarities between the English spoken in this Essex community and previous accounts of Cockney, including its most defining features. This Essex dialect is certainly encapsulated within the natural range of variation within Cockney and far surpasses the Cockney influences observed in other areas of the South East. Conclusively it can be determined that Cockney did move to Essex along with the communities who relocated.
Mechanical properties of epoxy resin toughened with cornstarch
Authors: Wang Zhi , Lv Haopeng , Yang Yuxiang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigated the effect of starch modification on the mechanical properties of phenolic epoxy resin (EP). Corn starch admixture of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% were added into the EP. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus of different corn starch contents were compared. The containing of corn starch showed a positive effect on the toughness of the epoxy but showed little effect on strength when the additive content was less than 10 wt%. The strength and elastic modulus increased first and then decreased with the increase in starch content and reached their maximum values at a content of 2.5 wt%. The enhancement effect might be due to corn starch’s mechanical properties, dispersibility, and interfacial interaction. With the increase in starch content, starch granules quickly contact each other, causing self-aggregation sedimentation and a decrease in strength and elastic modulus. The scanning electron micrographs of the toughened EP specimens showed ductile failure because of the starch particles. The surface morphology of the blend resin specimens was full of staggered and stepped cracks caused by the shearing damage, which is shown by obvious plastic fracture characteristics with plastic deformation ability. The initiation of micro-cracks in the EP matrix was induced by the incorporation of starch particles, which caused localized stepped shear damage in the matrix. More energy would be absorbed during this process, and the toughness of the EP would be enhanced. It is recommended that the best corn starch content should be 2.5 wt% to obtain excellent strength and good toughness.
Ultrasensitive marker-free biomolecular THz-detection for tumor-related analytics
Authors: Richter Merle , Loth Yannik , Weisenstein Christian , Wigger Anna Katharina , Schaar Dominik , Bosserhoff Anja Katrin , Haring Bolívar Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) biosensing has emerged as an important research field, mainly driven by the resonant behavior of many biomolecules in this spectral range which holds potential for highly sensitive analyses. In this work, we present a detailed overview of our current research on THz biosensing, focusing on the development and analysis of THz biosensors based on frequency selective surfaces (FSS) for two different measurement scenarios: i) label-free, highly sensitive and selective analysis of dried biomolecules, and ii) sensitive and selective analysis in an aqueous environment. With our carefully designed THz biosensor for measurements in the dry state, we were able to indirectly measure tumor-marker MIA RNA in a concentration as low as 1.55 × 10−12 mol/L, without the need for biochemical amplification. Our biosensor with substrate-integrated microfluidics for terahertz measurements in an aqueous environment is validated by simulations, showing that the resonance feature in the frequency response of our sensor is maintained even for measurements in water.
Modeling the gravitational effects of ocean tide loading at coastal stations in the China earthquake gravity network based on GOTL software
Authors: Zhu Chuandong , Pang Liuqing , Sheng Didi , Huang Jialiang , Li Jinwu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The gravitational effects of ocean tide loading, which are one of the main factors affecting gravity measurements, consist of three components: (1) direct attraction from the tidal water masses, (2) radial displacement of the observing station due to the tidal load, and (3) internal redistribution of masses due to crustal deformation. In this study, software for gravitational effects of ocean tide loading was developed by evaluating a convolution integral between the ocean tide model and Green’s functions that describe the response of the Earth to tide loading. The effects of three-dimensional station coordinates, computational grid patterns, ocean tide models, Green’s functions, coastline, and local tide gauge were comprehensively considered in the programming process. Using a larger number of high-precision coastlines, ocean tide models, and Green’s functions, the reliability and applicability of the software were analyzed at coastal stations in the China Earthquake Gravity Network. The software can provide the amplitude and phase for ocean tide loading and produce a predicted gravity time series. The results can effectively reveal the variation characteristics of ocean tide loading in space and time. The computational gravitational effects of ocean tide loading were compared and analyzed for different ocean tide models and Green’s functions. The results show that different ocean tide models and Green’s functions have certain effects on the calculated values of loading gravity effects. Furthermore, a higher-precision local ocean tide model, digital elevation model, and local tidal gauge record can be further imported into our software to improve the accuracy of loading gravity effects in the global and local zones. The software is easy to operate and can provide a comprehensive platform for correcting the gravitational effects of ocean tide loading at stations in the China Earthquake Gravity Network.
Topology-optimized silicon-based dual-mode 4 × 4 electro-optic switch
Authors: Niu Jiaqi , Yang Shanglin , Zhou Ting , Jia Hao , Fu Xin , Zhao Zhizun , Li Zhen , Zhang Gaolu , Chen Changhua , Yang Lin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Silicon-based optical switch is one of the key components for on-chip optical interconnect systems, and mode division multiplexing technology has been employed to boost optical switches’ channel capacity. However, the majority of the proven multimode optical switches have a switching time in the microsecond range, which is insufficient for some applications. In this paper, we design and experimentally demonstrate a high-speed dual-mode 4 × 4 optical switch based on a mode-diversity scheme, composed of four pairs of mode multiplexers and de-multiplexers, and two optimized single-mode 4 × 4 optical switches. Fast switching is enabled based on the carrier dispersion effect. At the same time, we improve the performances of the optical switch by reducing the number of optical switch units used in the 4 × 4 Spanke–Beneš architecture. Its power consumptions are reduced by ∼17%. Its insertion losses are within 8.8 dB in the wavelength range of 1525–1565 nm in the both sates of “through” and “all-cross”, while the optical signal-to-noise ratios are larger than 12.8 dB. Also, 50 Gbps data transmission experiments verify the device’s data transmission functionality.
Demonstration of conventional soliton, bound-state soliton, and noise-like pulse based on chromium sulfide as saturable absorber
Authors: Yang Fuhao , Sui Zhiqi , Sun Shuo , Chen Si , Wang Yanjuan , Fan Weiyu , Li Shuaimeng , Wang Guomei , Zhang Wenfei , Lu Cheng , Fu Shenggui , Zhang Huanian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ferromagnetic semiconductor chromium sulfide (Cr2S3), as a member of transition metal chalcogenide (TMC), exhibits the narrow bandgap value of 0.45 eV theoretically and has been applied in photoelectric field. However, the application in ultrafast fiber laser of Cr2S3 has not been investigation at present. In this work, the Cr2S3-based SA was successfully prepared by depositing nanosheets onto tapered fiber. The conventional soliton (CS) operation, three pulse bound-state (BS) soliton operation, and noise-like pulse (NLP) operation around 1531 nm are observed from 80 mW to 147 mW in an EDFL. The experimental results demonstrated that Cr2S3 as a promising 2D material has tremendous potential in designing ultrafast photonics device.
To realize a variety of structural color adjustments via lossy-dielectric-based Fabry–Perot cavity structure
Authors: Rahman Md Abdur , Kim Dong Kyu , Lee Jong-Kwon , Byun Ji Young 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Structural colors with tunable properties have extensive applications in surface decoration, arts, absorbers, and optical filters. Planar structures have more advantages over other forms studied to date due to their easy manufacturability. Metal-insulator-metal-based structures are one of the known methods to fabricate structural colors where colors can be tuned mainly by the thickness of the intermediate lossless insulator layer. However, generating colors by MIM structure requires a thin metallic layer on top, and the top metals’ abrasiveness and/or oxidation may degrade the colors quickly. Thus, we propose a lossy dielectric layer to replace the top metallic layer as a solution to ensure the structure’s durability by preventing scratches and oxidation. Herein, CrON/Si3N4/Metal structures have been studied where theoretical investigations suggest that highly saturated colors can be generated in the lossy-lossless dielectric structures. Experimental data validated such simulations by revealing a range of vivid colors. Furthermore, these structures can easily achieve strong light absorption (SLA) even for a thick top layer of ∼100 nm. The colors realized by these structures are appeared due to a combination of the interference effect of the asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity structure and the absorption rate in the CrO
x
N1−x
layer.
Simulation of oscillatory dynamics induced by an approximation of grid cell output
Authors: Traub Roger D. , Whittington Miles A. , Cunningham Mark O. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Grid cells, in entorhinal cortex (EC) and related structures, signal animal location relative to hexagonal tilings of 2D space. A number of modeling papers have addressed the question of how grid firing behaviors emerge using (for example) ideas borrowed from dynamical systems (attractors) or from coupled oscillator theory. Here we use a different approach: instead of asking how grid behavior emerges, we take as a given the experimentally observed intracellular potentials of superficial medial EC neurons during grid firing. Employing a detailed neural circuit model modified from a lateral EC model, we then ask how the circuit responds when group of medial EC principal neurons exhibit such potentials, simultaneously with a simulated theta frequency input from the septal nuclei. The model predicts the emergence of robust theta-modulated gamma/beta oscillations, suggestive of oscillations observed in an in vitro medial EC experimental model (Cunningham, M.O., Pervouchine, D.D., Racca, C., Kopell, N.J., Davies, C.H., Jones, R.S.G., Traub, R.D., and Whittington, M.A. (2006). Neuronal metabolism governs cortical network response state. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 103: 5597–5601). Such oscillations result because feedback interneurons tightly synchronize with each other – despite the varying phases of the grid cells – and generate a robust inhibition-based rhythm. The lack of spatial specificity of the model interneurons is consistent with the lack of spatial periodicity in parvalbumin interneurons observed by Buetfering, C., Allen, K., and Monyer, H. (2014). Parvalbumin interneurons provide grid cell-driven recurrent inhibition in the medial entorhinal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 17: 710–718. If in vivo EC gamma rhythms arise during exploration as our model predicts, there could be implications for interpreting disrupted spatial behavior and gamma oscillations in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. Noting that experimental intracellular grid cell potentials closely resemble cortical Up states and Down states, during which fast oscillations also occur during Up states, we propose that the co-occurrence of slow principal cell depolarizations and fast network oscillations is a general property of the telencephalon, in both waking and sleep states.
Functional impairment, insight, and comparison between criteria for gaming disorder in the International Classification of Diseases, 11 Edition and internet gaming disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
Authors: Yen Ju-Yu , Higuchi Susumu , Lin Pei-Yun , Lin Pai-Cheng , Chou Wei-Po , Ko Chih-Hung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the consistency between the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Edition (ICD-11) for gaming disorder (ICD-11-GD) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for internet gaming disorder (DSM-5-IGD). Moreover, the functional impairment of participants and their insight of their GD were evaluated.MethodsWe recruited 60 participants with GD, 45 participants who engaged in hazardous gaming (HG), and 120 controls based on a diagnostic interview. Their operationalization of functional impairment and stage of change were evaluated by interviews and questionnaires, including the Brief Gaming Negative Consequence Scale (BGNCS).ResultsWe observed satisfactory consistency (kappa value = 0.80) with a diagnostic accuracy of 91.5% between the ICD-11-GD and DSM-5-IGD criteria. Furthermore, 16 participants with IGD in DSM-5 were determined to have HG based on the ICD-11 criteria. Participants of GD group experienced impaired functioning in their health (96.7%), career (73.3%), social life (61.6%), academic performance (36.7%), and job performance (35%). Moreover, a proportion of them were in the pre-contemplation (25.0%), contemplation (61.7%), preparation (10%), and action stages (3.3%).ConclusionThere is a good consistency between ICD-11-GD and DSM-5-IGD criteria. The ICD-11 criteria have a high threshold for diagnosing GD. HG criteria could compensate for this high threshold and identify individuals with a gaming-related functional impairment who require help. Most of the participants with GD were in the early stage of change. Interventions to promote their insight are essential. The BGNCS can be used to examine the negative consequences of gaming and aid mental health professionals in assessing functional impairment.
Learning to Compose Task-Specific Tree Structures
Authors: Choi Jihun , Yoo Kang Min , Lee Sang-goo 
Published: November 2022

For years, recursive neural networks (RvNNs) have been shown to be suitable for representing text into fixed-length vectors and achieved good performance on several natural language processing tasks. However, the main drawback of RvNNs is that they require structured input, which makes data preparation and model implementation hard. In this paper, we propose Gumbel Tree-LSTM, a novel tree-structured long short-term memory architecture that learns how to compose task-specific tree structures only from plain text data efficiently. Our model uses Straight-Through Gumbel-Softmax estimator to decide the parent node among candidates dynamically and to calculate gradients of the discrete decision. We evaluate the proposed model on natural language inference and sentiment analysis, and show that our model outperforms or is at least comparable to previous models. We also find that our model converges significantly faster than other models.
A Knowledge-Grounded Neural Conversation Model
Authors: Ghazvininejad Marjan , Brockett Chris , Chang Ming-Wei , Dolan Bill , Gao Jianfeng , Yih Wen-tau , Galley Michel 
Published: November 2022

Neural network models are capable of generating extremely natural sounding conversational interactions. However, these models have been mostly applied to casual scenarios (e.g., as “chatbots”) and have yet to demonstrate they can serve in more useful conversational applications. This paper presents a novel, fully data-driven, and knowledge-grounded neural conversation model aimed at producing more contentful responses. We generalize the widely-used Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) approach by conditioning responses on both conversation history and external “facts”, allowing the model to be versatile and applicable in an open-domain setting. Our approach yields significant improvements over a competitive Seq2Seq baseline. Human judges found that our outputs are significantly more informative.