bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Everyday heroes: Graphical life stories and self‐defining memories inCOVID‐19 medical volunteers
Authors: Nourkova Veronika , Gofman Alena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the autobiographical foundations of specific narrative identities, which made it possible to choose medical volunteering in the time of the pandemic, resist highly hazardous conditions of working in COVID‐19 “red zones,” and emerge from this work with a sense of meaning and optimism.MethodIn this study, we focused on the graphical life stories, self‐defining memories (SDMs), and self‐defining future projections (SDFPs) of four individuals who worked at COVID‐19 “red zone” hospitals as medical volunteers.ResultsThe analysis revealed that all participants incorporated their volunteering experiences as meaningful and satisfying into their general narrative identity. They scored high on standard scales assessing subjective well‐being and reported autonomous regulation of volunteer motivation. We identified narrative trunk lines and metaphors across autobiographical data, which differentiated the participants into four types of general identities extensively manifesting in volunteering identity: faith‐based, influence‐based, help‐based, and success‐based. The participants' graphical life stories, SDMs, and SDFPs showed similar patterns consisting of adult‐oriented childhood, focus on mid‐life events, and a redemption sequence in narration.ConclusionThese findings could be taken as touchstones to highlight the critical value of self‐continuity and sense of purpose in active coping with global challenges.
Measuring irritability in young adults: An integrative review of measures and their psychometric properties
Authors: Saatchi Babak , Agbayani Crystle‐Joie G. , Clancy Stephen L. , Fortier Michelle A. 
Published: June 2022

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Irritability is a transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom among different mental health diagnoses, such as depression, anxiety, personality and substance abuse disorders.

Despite the prevalence of irritability across various psychiatric disorders, there is a lack of assessment measures developed and validated to specifically assess irritability.

Existing evidence suggests that young adults with depression combined with irritability experience higher disease burden compared with depressed peers with low levels of irritability.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This integrative review demonstrates that the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) is a more precise and reliable tool for measuring irritability in young adults, particularly in that it differentiates irritability from related but distinct symptoms such as anger, aggression and hostility.

What are the implications for practice?

Utilizing valid and reliable tools to measure irritability could help identify the presence of irritability as a distinct construct, which could lead to the development of tailored/personalized mental health interventions that will adequately address the impact of irritability on functioning.

The findings have implications for symptom science, one focus of nursing research that evaluates symptom experiences and their impact on quality of life and functioning. Irritability is consistent with this framework as it has disabling effects on educational, financial and social functioning, as well as vulnerability to psychiatric disorders and health‐related quality of life.

AbstractIntroductionIrritability is associated with a higher burden of psychiatric symptoms and impairments in young adults' educational, financial and social functioning. Still, it has been measured mainly by subscales within larger tools. Few specific measures have been developed to capture this construct validly and reliably, hindering the differentiation of irritability from similar constructs like anger and aggression.AimThis integrative review was undertaken to identify the irritability measures used in young adults between 2000 and 2021.MethodThe 5‐stage method was proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52, 546, 2005).ResultsOf 1258 results, 15 articles that included young adults as their participants and measured irritability with a specific tool were identified to be reviewed.DiscussionAmong the existing tools, the Brief Irritability Test (BITe) is a more precise and specific tool in young adults for measuring irritability and differentiating irritability from similar constructs.Implications for practiceThe findings have potential implications for better assessment and understanding of irritability in nursing research and practice, leading to the development of nursing interventions tailored to the affected young adult populations and improving the quality of life in these groups.
Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharide derived from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AS20(1) with probiotic potential and evaluation of its antibacterial activity
Authors: Amini E. , Salimi F. , Imanparast S. , Mansour F.N. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study was done to find exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against foodborne pathogens. Isolated LAB were screened to find the ones with the ability to produce antibacterial EPS against foodborne pathogens. Among tested EPSs, EPS of AS20(1) isolate showed inhibitory effects on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes (MIC = 0·935 mg ml−1, MBC = 0·935 mg ml−1), Yersinia enterocolitica (MIC = 12·5 mg ml−1, MBC = 50 mg ml−1) and Bacillus cereus (MIC = 6·25 mg ml−1, MBC = 12·5 mg ml−1). According to 16S rRNA sequencing, AS20(1) showed the closest similarity to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (100%). This antibacterial EPS showed negligible toxicity (4·4%–5·2%) against red blood cells. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei AS20(1) showed probiotic properties, including high acid resistance, hydrophobicity (47·5%), autoaggregation and coaggregation with foodborne pathogens. Also, L. paracasei AS20(1) showed no haemolysis activity and antibiotic resistance. Characterization of antibacterial EPS revealed that it is a heteropolysaccharide with various functional groups, amorphous structure, and smooth surface, sheet and compact structure, which can be suitable for food packaging. L. paracasei AS20(1) and its antimicrobial EPS can be used to make functional food.
Surface modification of poly(methyl-methacrylate) with farnesol to prevent Candida biofilm formation
Authors: Petrovic M. , Bonvin D. , Todic J. , Zivkovic R. , Randjelovic M. , Arsenijevic V.A. , Ebersold M.M. , Otasevic S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Candida albicans promotes biofilm formation on dentures, which compromises the use of poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) as a dental material. Farnesol (FAR), a natural compound that prevents C. albicans filamentation and biofilm formation, was incorporated into the PMMA matrix, to obtain antifungal PMMA_FAR materials. The tested concentrations (0·0125% and 0·4%) of FAR, 24 h after incubation on YPD agar, inhibited filamentation of C. albicans. PMMA was modified with different FAR concentrations (3–12%), and physicochemical properties, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of these modified materials (PMMA_FAR) were tested. The presence of FAR in PMMA_FAR composites was verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Incorporation of FAR into the polymeric matrix significantly decreased hydrophilicity at all tested concentrations and significantly reduced biofilm and planktonic cells metabolic activity in the early stage of biofilm formation at ≥6% FAR in PMMA. PMMA_FAR composites with &lt;9% FAR were non-toxic. Modification of PMMA with FAR is a good strategy for reducing C. albicans biofilm formation on dentures.
Use of the penile cuff test to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khosla Lakshay , Codelia‐Anjum Alia , Sze Christina , Martinez Diaz Susana , Zorn Kevin C. , Bhojani Naeem , Elterman Dean , Chughtai Bilal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeAmong noninvasive modalities for assessing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), the penile cuff test (PCT) is the most used in clinical practice. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the performance of PCT in diagnosing and managing BOO.Materials and MethodsPubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies investigating use of PCT for BOO. Studies evaluating diagnostic parameters, inter‐observer agreements, or treatment outcomes using PCT were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses protocol was followed (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022300047). A proportional meta‐analysis was done for diagnostic accuracy proportions. The Egger's and the Begg‐Mazumdar rank‐correlation tests were used to assess publication bias. Risk of bias was assessed using the Gradings of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria.ResultsOf the 272 articles retrieved, 17 were included in qualitative synthesis and meta‐analysis was performed on five studies (comprising 448 patients). Two studies evaluating inter‐observer agreement demonstrated 95% agreement and five studies evaluating procedures reported a 66%‐80% surgical success rate on obstructed patients using PCT. From the proportional meta‐analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 0.85 (95% CI 0.71‐0.95) 0.78 (95% CI 0.67‐0.87), 0.74 (95% CI 0.52‐0.91), and 0.87 (95% CI 0.73‐0.96), respectively. Publication bias was noted for PPV but not for sensitivity, specificity, or NPV. Based on the GRADE criteria, there were two low, six moderate, and nine high‐quality studies.ConclusionsPCT performs sufficiently in diagnosing and managing BOO. However, due to variability in obstruction criteria assessment, more studies comparing diagnostic criteria are warranted.
Seq’ and ARMS shall find: DNA (meta)barcoding of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures across the tree of life uncovers hidden cryptobiome of tropical urban coral reefs
Authors: Ip Yin Cheong Aden , Chang Jia Jin Marc , Oh Ren Min , Quek Zheng Bin Randolph , Chan Yong Kit Samuel , Bauman Andrew G. , Huang Danwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoral reefs are among the richest marine ecosystems on Earth, but there remains much diversity hidden within cavities of complex reef structures awaiting discovery. While the abundance of corals and other macroinvertebrates are known to influence the diversity of other reef‐associated organisms, much remains unknown on the drivers of cryptobenthic diversity. A combination of standardized sampling with 12 units of the Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (ARMS) and high‐throughput sequencing was utilized to uncover reef cryptobiome diversity across the equatorial reefs in Singapore. DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, nuclear 18S and bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed the taxonomic composition of the reef cryptobiome, comprising 15,356 microbial ASVs from over 50 bacterial phyla, and 971 MOTUs across 15 metazoan and 19 non‐metazoan eukaryote phyla. Environmental factors across different sites were tested for relationships with ARMS diversity. Differences among reefs in diversity patterns of metazoans and other eukaryotes, but not microbial communities, were associated with biotic (coral cover) and abiotic (distance, temperature and sediment) environmental variables. In particular, ARMS deployed at reefs with higher coral cover had greater metazoan diversity and encrusting plate cover, with larger‐sized non‐coral invertebrates influencing spatial patterns among sites. Our study showed that DNA barcoding and metabarcoding of ARMS constitute a valuable tool for quantifying cryptobenthic diversity patterns and can provide critical information for the effective management of coral reef ecosystems.
Convergence in solvency and capital centralization: A B‐VAR analysis for high‐income and euro area countries
Authors: Brancaccio Emiliano , Giammetti Raffaele , Lopreite Milena , Puliga Michelangelo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe apply a B‐VAR technique to 28 high‐income countries and 11 Euro area countries in 1999–2019 to analyze the causal relationships between centralization of capital measured in terms of network control and solvency conditions represented by the difference between GDP growth and interest rate. Results show a relationship that goes in two directions. First of all, divergent solvency conditions lead to an average increase in capital centralization and its greater convergence between countries. In turn, an average increase in capital centralization and its greater convergence produces a convergence of solvency conditions between countries. These outcomes are consistent for both groups of high‐income countries and Euro area countries. Finally, in the group of high‐income countries, we also note that an average deterioration in solvency conditions leads to a convergence of capital centralization between countries.
Experiences of moral distress in a COVID‐19 intensive care unit: A qualitative study of nurses and respiratory therapists in the United States
Authors: Trachtenberg Sophie , Tehan Tara , Shostak Sara , Snydeman Colleen , Lewis Mariah , Romain Frederic , Cadge Wendy , McAuley Mary Elizabeth , Matthews Cristina , Lux Laura , Kacmarek Robert , Grone Katelyn , Donahue Vivian , Bandini Julia , Robinson Ellen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has placed extraordinary stress on frontline healthcare providers as they encounter significant challenges and risks while caring for patients at the bedside. This study used qualitative research methods to explore nurses and respiratory therapists' experiences providing direct care to COVID‐19 patients during the first surge of the pandemic at a large academic medical center in the Northeastern United States. The purpose of this study was to explore their experiences as related to changes in staffing models and to consider needs for additional support. Twenty semi‐structured interviews were conducted with sixteen nurses and four respiratory therapists via Zoom or by telephone. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, identifiers were removed, and data was coded and analyzed thematically. Five major themes characterize providers' experiences: a fear of the unknown, concerns about infection, perceived professional unpreparedness, isolation and alienation, and inescapable stress and distress. This manuscript analyzes the relationship between these themes and the concept of moral distress and finds that some, but not all, of the challenges that providers faced during this time align with previous definitions of the concept. This points to the possibility of broadening the conceptual parameters of moral distress to account for providers' experiences of treating patients with novel illnesses while encountering institutional and clinical challenges.
The philosophy of Hans‐Georg Gadamer: An exemplar of the complicated relationship between philosophy and nursing practice
Authors: Corcoran Lynn , Cook Karen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhilosophy has a complicated relationship with nursing practice. Selected concepts from Hans‐Georg Gadamer's Truth and Method specifically prejudice, conversation, and language are articulated. An exemplar involving nursing practice at an outpatient clinic for women seeking pre‐ and postbreast cancer care is offered to explicate these concepts. We considered the fit of Gadamer's philosophy, particularly the concept of conversation, within a public health nursing practice context in home and community settings of the client/family and offered tentative conclusions. To extend the discussion of the relationship between philosophy and nursing practice, we posed questions developed to provide deeper insight into this complicated relationship.
Should moral intuitionism go social?
Authors: Backes Marvin , Eklund Matti , Michaelson Eliot 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn recent work, Bengson, Cuneo, and Shafer‐Landau (2020) develop a new social version of moral intuitionism that promises to explain why our moral intuitions are trustworthy. In this paper, we raise several worries for their account and present some general challenges for the broader class of views we call Social Moral Intuitionism. We close by reflecting on Bengson, Cuneo, and Shafer‐Landau's comparison between what they call the “perceptual practice” and the “moral intuition practice”, which we take to raise some difficult normative and meta‐normative questions for theorists of all stripes.
In defense of the armchair: Against empirical arguments in the philosophy of perception
Authors: Epstein Peter Fisher 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTA recurring theme dominates recent philosophical debates about the nature of conscious perception: naïve realism's opponents claim that the view is directly contradicted by empirical science. I argue that, despite their current popularity, empirical arguments against naïve realism are fundamentally flawed. The non‐empirical premises needed to get from empirical scientific findings to substantive philosophical conclusions are ones the naïve realist is known to reject. Even granting the contentious premises, the empirical findings do not undermine the theory, given its overall philosophical commitments. Thus, contemporary empirical research fails to supply any new argumentative force against naïve realism. I conclude that, as philosophers of mind, we would be better served spending a bit less time trying to wield empirical science as a cudgel against our opponents, and a bit more time working through the implications of each other's views – something we can accomplish perfectly well from the comfort of our armchairs.
Excess vitamin a might contribute to submucous clefting by inhibiting WNT‐mediated bone formation
Authors: Krutzen Charlotte Lucienne Jacqueline Maria , Roa Laury A. , Bloemen Marjon , Von den Hoff Johannes W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesCleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is a common craniofacial birth defect caused by genetic as well as environmental factors. The phenotypic spectrum of CLP also includes submucous clefts with a defect in the palatal bone. To elucidate the contribution of vitamin A, we evaluated the effects of the vitamin A metabolite all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells (MEPM).Setting and Sample PopulationMEPM cells were isolated from the prefusion palates of E13 mouse embryos from three different litters.Materials and MethodsMEPM cells were cultured with and without 0.5 μM ATRA in osteogenic medium. Differentiation was analysed by the expression of osteogenic marker genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 1, 2, and 7 days. The expression of Wnt marker genes was also analysed. Mineralization was assessed by alizarin red staining after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.ResultsThe bone marker genes Sp7, Runx2, Alpl, and Col1a1 were inhibited 10% ± 2%, 59% ± 7%, 79% ± 12% and 57% ± 20% (P < .05) at day 7. ALP activity was inhibited at days 1 and 7 by 35 ± 0% (P < .05) and 23 ± 6% (P < .001). ATRA also inhibited mineralization at 3 and 4 weeks. Finally, expression of the universal Wnt marker gene Axin2 was strongly reduced, by 31 ± 18% (P < .001), at day 7.ConclusionOur data indicate that ATRA (vitamin A) inhibits bone formation by reducing Wnt signalling. This might contribute to the molecular aetiology of submucous clefting.
Precursors of insulin resistance underlying periodontitis in adolescents aged 17–18 years
Authors: Ladeira Lorena L. C. , Leite Fábio R. M. , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Saraiva Maria da Conceição , Brondani Mario A. , Moreira Ana R. O. , Ribeiro Cecilia C. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between insulin resistance markers and periodontitis in adolescents, analyzing confounder variables and the adiposity as a mediator.MethodsThis is population‐based study is representative of adolescents aged 17–18 years from public schools in São Luís, Brazil (n = 405). Insulin resistance was assessed using the Model of Assessment of the Homeostasis of the Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA‐IR) and its percussor triglycerides/HDL‐cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL‐c). The outcome was Initial Periodontitis, a latent variable estimated by the common variance shared among bleeding on probing, probing depth ≥ 4 mm, and clinical attachment loss ≥ 4 mm. The association between insulin resistance and Initial Periodontitis was modeled via pathways triggered by socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol, and Adiposity, using structural equation modeling.ResultsHigher TG/HDL‐c was directly associated with higher Initial Periodontitis (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.130, p < 0.001). HOMA‐IR was not associated with periodontal outcome (SC = 0.023, p = 0.075), but it was with Adiposity (SC = 0.495, p < 0.001). Higher TG/HDL‐c was associated with Adiposity (SC = 0.202, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe insulin resistance markers were associated with early signs of periodontal breakdown among adolescents, suggesting a possible relationship between diabetes and periodontitis commences early in life.
Problematic behaviours associated with generalized anxiety disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A thematic analysis
Authors: Inness Briar E. , McCabe Randi E. , Green Sheryl M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum (perinatal) period. Perinatal women with GAD engage in problematic behaviours, yet the focus and function of these behaviours remain unknown.ObjectiveGiven that worry during the perinatal period is largely maternally focused, the objective of this study was to explore the accompanying behavioural features of GAD during pregnancy and the postpartum period.DesignA qualitative study was conducted.MethodsTwenty‐five pregnant (n = 10) and postpartum (n = 15) women were recruited through clinical referrals and the Hamilton community. Following the completion of a semistructured diagnostic interview and symptom measures, participants participated in one of seven focus groups to learn about behaviours utilized in response to their worries. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify behaviour themes and subthemes in pregnant and postpartum women.ResultsFive behaviour themes and 12 subthemes were identified. Specifically, participants endorsed engaging in excessive reassurance seeking, checking and repeating, overcontrol, overpreparation and avoidance behaviours.ConclusionsOur results confirm that perinatal women with GAD engage in comparable problematic behaviours to those with GAD in the general population, yet the presentation, frequency and focus of those behaviours differ. These findings have implications for theoretical formulations of GAD, and the clinical management of this disorder during the perinatal period.