bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Soil Amendments on Growth Parameters and Economics in Maize (Zea mays L)
Authors: Rao P. Laxman , Jayasree G. , Pratibha G. , Prakash T. Ram 
Published: July 2022

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of different soil amendments on plant growth parameters and economics in maize (Zea mays L).
Place and Duration of Study: Maize variety 900-M-GOLD was cultivated during rabi 2014-15 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India.
Methodology: The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments replicated four times. Treatments consist of T1- vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 ,T2-FYM @ 10 t ha-1 , T3-tanksilt @ 50 t ha-1 , T4- biochar @10 t ha-1 ,T5- control (without any fertilizer),T6- RDF (NPK-200, 60, 50 kg ha-1). Recommended Dose of Fertilizers was commonly applied from treatment T1 to T4.
Results: There were no significant difference in plant population with the application of all the treatments. At harvest, significantly higher leaf area index recorded with application of tanksilt (1.67) which was on par with vermicompost (1.66), biochar (1.65), FYM (1.65), RDF (1.51) and significantly higher than control (0.80). Maximum gross returns (INR 1,31,283 ha–1), net returns (INR 85,533 ha–1) and BC ratio (2.87) were recorded with the application of tanksilt and minimum gross returns (INR 51,431 ha–1), net returns (INR 24,781 ha–1) and BC ratio (1.93) were recorded in the control.
Conclusion: It was determined that growth parameter viz., leaf area, leaf area index recorded significantly higher with tanksilt application which is on par with the application of vermicompost, biochar, FYM. Maximum gross returns (INR 131283 ha–1), net returns (INR 85533 ha–1) and BC ratio (2.87) were recorded with the application of tanksilt.
Cost Structure and Its Role in Maximizing the Profitability of Some Industrial Companies-Iraq
Authors: Al-Rikabi Naji Shayeb , Sahib Sahar Yahiya 
Published: July 2022

This research dealt with the topic of the cost structure and its role in maximizing profitability in industrial companies. The General Company for Construction Industries was chosen as a sample for the research. The research focused on two main variables, namely the cost structure as an independent variable and profitability as a dependent variable and the research used descriptive analysis in analyzing the cost structure and providing information that was used in determining the volume of production required to maximize profit.
The research aims to measure the role of the cost structure that is compatible to the nature of the company's activity and its circumstances in maximizing profit, by showing the extent of its impact on the decisions that will be taken by management by analyzing the components of the current costs and studying the behavior of costs and thus extracting the proportion of fixed and variable costs in the structure The current costs and its role in making decisions to increase production to reduce the unit cost of production and determine the volume of production that maximizes profit to the maximum extent possible and to explain the factors affecting the method of measuring costs used within the economic unit and the way to evaluate inventory, and thus will be completed Cost control and planning for better production and profitability target.
Copper‐Plate Charters
Authors: Ali Daud 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCopper‐plate charters form one of the most important types of inscriptions that have come down to us from early India. They record royal gifts, usually of land or land revenues, in order to support religious specialists, usually Brahmins. As legal documents they record a great deal of information useful to historians, from genealogical and biographical information on particular rulers to religious, economic, and legal data about early Indian society.
Candellas
Authors: Dasgupta Nupur 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The Candellas, a minor dynasty known for building some of the famous Khajuraho temples, ruled in parts of the present states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh from the ninth to the turn of the fourteenth century. Originally based in and around Khajuraho and Mahoba, the Candella kingdom extended over an area roughly approximating the erstwhile region of Bundelkhand, known in Candella records as Jejākabhukti. Sources offer interesting information on the origin of this dynasty, hinting at possibilities of local ethnic roots. Their history is mainly drawn from their own inscriptions and those of their regional contemporaries. Albeit a minor dynasty of the times, the long line of Candellas played an important role at a juncture of history that saw major shifts in the political dynamics of northern India. Two classical literary compositions of the times, Bilhaṇa's
Vikramāṅkadevacarita
and Kṛṣṇa Miśra's
Prabodhacandrodaya
throw some light on this, as do the later traditions of the local ballads, the
Ālhā Rāso
,
Parmāl Rāso
, and the
Pṛthvīrāja Rāsau
. The Candellas represent the characteristic phenomenon of a sub‐regional polity, embroiled in incessant intra‐regional strife for territorial domination at a time which saw a heightened level of aggression from external forces. Their history ends with the tide of changes brought by the rise of the Turkic Khilji rulers in Delhi.
Ultrasensitive Ferroelectric Semiconductor Phototransistors for Photon‐Level Detection
Authors: Yang Jia , Wang Feng , Guo Jianfeng , Wang Yanrong , Jiang Chuanxiu , Li Shuhui , Cai Yuchen , Zhan Xueying , Liu Xinfeng , Cheng Zhihai , He Jun , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLow‐light‐level photodetections are highly desired in the fields of astronomy and quantum information. However, the existing techniques suffer from high operation voltages and complexity of fabrication, which reduces its compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) based read‐out circuit and prevent the use of imaging. Here, a low‐light‐level phototransistor that employs a photo‐induced ferroelectric reversal mechanism in a ferroelectric semiconductor channel: α‐In2Se3 is demonstrated. It shows a record‐low noise‐equivalent power of 7.9 × 10−22 W Hz−1/2, a record‐high specific detectivity of 6.34 × 1017 Jones, and sensitivity approaching 20 photons in a photon‐counting mode, and fast time response of 260 µs/50 ns in the rise/decay period. It also works as an optoelectronic memory with an on/off ratio of 2.9 × 105, retention of longer than 10 years, and endurance of more than 106 cycles. Due to its high performance, simple architecture, and small operation voltage, the phototransistor provides a feasible platform for new‐generation low‐light‐level image sensors.
Highly Efficient Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Reduced Efficiency Roll‐Off Enabled by Manipulating Crystallization of Quasi‐2D Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Dengliang , Chao Lingfeng , Jin Guangrong , Xing Zhaohui , Hong Wei , Chen Yonghua , Wang Lei , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCsPbI3 is attractive for efficient and cost‐effective red perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs), but its black phases still suffer from the metastable structure. The incorporation of large‐size organic cations has been widely used to construct quasi‐2D perovskites to stabilize the black phases. However, the multiple‐phase quasi‐2D perovskites usually show abundant interface defects and enhanced Auger recombination, leading to the low luminance and serious efficiency roll‐off in PeLEDs. Herein, highly efficient red PeLEDs are demonstrated with high luminance and low efficiency roll‐off realized by manipulating the crystallization kinetics of phenethylamine bromide (PEABr) incorporated CsPbI3. PEABr‐CsPbI3 nanocrystal films with much larger and more oriented β‐CsPbIxBr3‐x grains are successfully obtained through appropriately increasing PbI2 content and coordinating with anti‐solvent treatment. The carrier recombination dynamics investigations reveal that the trap‐assisted recombination and Auger recombination are greatly reduced in the passivation‐free PEABr‐CsPbI3 films by rational crystallization regulation. A peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 19.6% is achieved in the red PeLEDs with a stable emission peak at 672 nm, which is maintained as high as 17.2% at a high luminance of over 1000 cd m−2. This study could shed light on modulating the crystallization kinetics of pervoskites to optimize carrier recombination dynamics toward high performance PeLEDs.
Anode Catalysts in Anion‐Exchange‐Membrane Electrolysis without Supporting Electrolyte: Conductivity, Dynamics, and Ionomer Degradation
Authors: Krivina Raina A. , Lindquist Grace A. , Beaudoin Sarah R. , Stovall Timothy Nathan , Thompson Willow L. , Twight Liam P. , Marsh Douglas , Grzyb Joseph , Fabrizio Kevin , Hutchison James E. , Boettcher Shannon W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnion‐exchange‐membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) in principle operate without soluble electrolyte using earth‐abundant catalysts and cell materials and thus lower the cost of green H2. Current systems lack competitive performance and the durability needed for commercialization. One critical issue is a poor understanding of catalyst‐specific degradation processes in the electrolyzer. While non‐platinum‐group‐metal (non‐PGM) oxygen‐evolution catalysts show excellent performance and durability in strongly alkaline electrolyte, this has not transferred directly to pure‐water AEMWEs. Here, AEMWEs with five non‐PGM anode catalysts are built and the catalysts’ structural stability and interactions with the alkaline ionomer are characterized during electrolyzer operation and post‐mortem. The results show catalyst electrical conductivity is one key to obtaining high‐performing systems and that many non‐PGM catalysts restructure during operation. Dynamic Fe sites correlate with enhanced degradation rates, as does the addition of soluble Fe impurities. In contrast, electronically conductive Co3O4 nanoparticles (without Fe in the crystal structure) yield AEMWEs from simple, standard preparation methods, with performance and stability comparable to IrO2. These results reveal the fundamental dynamic catalytic processes resulting in AEMWE device failure under relevant conditions, demonstrate a viable non‐PGM catalyst for AEMWE operation, and illustrate underlying design rules for engineering anode catalyst/ionomer layers with higher performance and durability.
Hierarchical Doping Engineering with Active/Inert Dual Elements Stabilizes LiCoO2 to 4.6 V
Authors: Qin Ning , Gan Qingmeng , Zhuang Zhaofeng , Wang Yanfang , Li Yingzhi , Li Zhiqiang , Hussain Iftikhar , Zeng Chun , Liu Guiyu , Bai Yunfei , Zhang Kaili , Lu Zhouguang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is highly desirable to raise the charge cutoff voltage to realize the potential of LiCoO2 (LCO) with its ultra‐high theoretical capacity of 275 mAh g‐1. However, rapid fading due to structure collapse caused by the formation of the H1‐3 metastable phase and the release of surface lattice oxygen has largely hindered the operation of LCO under voltages of higher than 4.55 V. Here, stable cycling of LCO at 4.6 V through hierarchical doping engineering with inert P‐outside and active Ni‐inside dual doping is achieved. This ingenious outside‐in structure design enables Ni2+ occupation in the Li layer in the bulk layered phase and P gradient doping at the superficial lattice. Compared with the conventional inert element substitution strategy, the doped active Ni2+ can not only serve as a “pillar” to restrain the formation of the metastable H1‐3 phase, but also regulate the electronic structure of LCO and trigger the superexchange interaction of Ni2+‐O‐Co4+, together with strong P–O coordination to substantially suppress the lattice oxygen escape from the surface. Therefore, it considerably reduces the risk of layer structure collapse and consequently achieves stable and high‐capacity operation over 4.6 V. This hierarchical outside‐in doping strategy may serve as inspiration for stabilizing high energy electrode materials working under high voltages.
A review on the utilization of flaxseed protein as interfacial stabilizers for food applications
Authors: Peng Dengfeng , Ye Jieting , Jin Weiping , Yang Jing , Geng Fang , Deng Qianchun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlaxseed is one of the main cultivated economic oil crops in the world, with a global output of ~3.06 million tons. Its residual meal, after oil industrial processing, is rich in protein (35%–40%). However, flaxseed protein is mainly used for feed and its processing efficiency is low. The potential for high‐value utilization of flaxseed protein is far from being excavated. Interface dominated‐colloidal systems, such as emulsions and foams, are widely available and have extensive applications in food products. Flaxseed protein possesses high contents of hydrophobic amino acids and sulfur‐containing amino acids, relatively ordered secondary structures, tunable structural properties, and acceptable interfacial behaviors. These characteristics give it the potential to effectively stabilize food emulsions and foams. By modifications of flaxseed proteins, such as physical treatment and the complexation with polysaccharides and polyphenols, their structural properties and interfacial behaviors can be regulated, therefore, leading to the enhancement of emulsifying and foaming properties. In this review article, the fractionation, composition, and structure of flaxseed protein are detailed summarized. Then, the interfacial behaviors of flaxseed protein and their control approach are highlighted. Additionally, the emulsions and foams stabilized by flaxseed protein‐based amphiphilic systems and their applications in food processing are emphasized.
A novel combination of methods identifies priority conservation areas for an endemic California Current seabird
Authors: Soldatini Cecilia , Albores‐Barajas Yuri V. , Rosas‐Hernandez Martha P. , Handley Jonathan , Beal Martin , Dias Maria P. , Dell'omo Giacomo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere are growing pressures on marine biodiversity. Seabirds in particular are one the most‐threatened groups. The black‐vented shearwater (Puffinus opisthomelas) is endemic to Mexican islands and the only shearwater living its entire life cycle in the California Current System, one of the most productive large marine ecosystems in the world. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in this region, however, were designed without consideration of accurate data on seabird distributions.Here, 57 black‐vented shearwaters were GPS‐tracked from their main breeding colony (95% of the global population) over four seasons (2016–2019) to estimate their at‐sea distribution. Two methods were applied to identify priority conservation areas: the approach developed by BirdLife International to identify marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas and a method using expectation‐maximization binary clustering to identify core foraging areas.One potential marine Important Bird and Biodiversity Area close to the breeding colony and five core foraging areas were identified. These priority conservation areas were largely beyond the bounds of the current MPA network in the region.Our results detail opportunities for improving the implementation of conservation and management measures in the California Current System region with respect to seabirds. The approach of combining site identification methods can be applied to other seabird species for which high‐resolution tracking data are available and can help guide conservation action plans and MPA design.
Fully distributed consensus for fuzzy multiagent systems with jointly connected topology
Authors: Li Qinsheng , Yu Jiafeng , Xing Wen , Shi Yan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of fully distributed consensus for polynomial fuzzy multiagent systems (MASs) under jointly connected topologies. First, a polynomial fuzzy modeling method is presented to characterize the error dynamics that is constructed by one leader and multiple followers. Then, using the relative state information and the agents' dynamics, a distributed adaptive protocol is designed to guarantee that MASs under jointly connected topologies can achieve consensus in a fully distributed fashion. Utilizing the Lyapunov technique, a relaxed sufficient criterion is proposed to ensure consensus for fuzzy MASs under jointly connected topologies. Moreover, the adaptive coupling weights between neighboring agents can converge to certain values. The derived condition is transformed into a sum‐of‐squares form, which can be solved numerically. We provide an example to illustrate the proposed distributed adaptive consensus technique's validity.
Stability and stabilization of periodic piecewise positive systems: A time segmentation approach
Authors: Zhu Bohao , Lam James , Song Xiaoqi , Lin Hong , Chan Jason Ying Kuen , Kwok Ka‐Wai 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the stability analysis and stabilization of periodic piecewise positive systems. By constructing a time‐scheduled copositive Lyapunov function with a time segmentation approach, an equivalent stability condition, determined via linear programming, for periodic piecewise positive systems is established. Based on the asymptotic stability condition, the spectral radius characterization of the state transition matrix is proposed. The relation between the spectral radius of the state transition matrix and the convergent rate of the system is also revealed. An iterative algorithm is developed to stabilize the system by decreasing the spectral radius of the state transition matrix. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.
The heat‐stable protein fraction from Opuntia ficus‐indica seeds exhibits an enzyme protective effect against thermal denaturation and an antibacterial activity
Authors: Drira Marwa , Ghanmi Siwar , Zaidi Ikram , Brini Faiçal , Miled Nabil , Hanin Moez 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDesiccation tolerance in developing seeds occurs through several mechanisms among which, a common group of proteins named dehydrins has received considerable attention. So far, there is no information dealing with the accumulation of dehydrins in seeds of Opuntia ficus‐indica. We have initiated here an extraction protocol based on two critical steps: heat and acid treatments, and the purity of this fraction was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. Western blot analysis of the heat‐stable protein fraction (HSF) revealed two main bands of approximately 45 and 44 kDa, while three others of ∼40, 32, and 31 kDa were faintly visible, which were recognized by anti‐dehydrin antibodies. This fraction exhibited a Cu2+‐dependent resistance to protease treatments. Next, we performed a series of assays to compare the functional properties of the HSF with those of the previously characterized wheat dehydrin (DHN‐5). Antibacterial assays revealed that HSF exhibits only moderate antibacterial activities against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, with a minimum inhibition concentration ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/ml. However, in vitro assays revealed that compared to DHN‐5, HSF exhibits higher protective activities of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when exposed to heat, freezing, and dehydration stresses. The protective role of HSF seems to be linked to its best ability to minimize protein aggregation.
A simple, high‐throughput and validated LC–MS/MS method for the determination of azithromycin in human plasma and its application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Bala Veenu , Chhonker Yashpal S. , Aldhafiri Wafaa N. , John Lucy N. , Bjerum Catherine M. , King Christopher L. , Mitja Oriol , Marks Michael , Murry Daryl J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify azithromycin concentrations in human plasma. Azithromycin (AZI) is the most common outpatient prescribed antibiotic in the US and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of AZI in many bacterial infections. To support a clinical study, we developed a high‐throughput LC–MS/MS method to process up to 250 samples per day to quantify AZI in human plasma. Samples were prepared by solid‐phase extraction. Separation was achieved with an ACE C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) equipped with a C18 guard column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid and methanol–acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/min. The ionization was optimized with positive electrospray source using multiple reaction monitoring transition, m/z 749.50 > 591.45 for AZI and m/z 754.50 > 596.45 for AZI‐d5. Extraction recoveries were approximately 90% for AZI. The assay was linear from 0.5 to 2,000 ng/ml and required only 100 μl of plasma with a total analysis time of 4.5 min. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic studies of a weight‐based dosing protocol for AZI.
Five EMT‐related genes signature predicts overall survival and immune environment in microsatellite instability‐high gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Mili , Cao Can , Li Xu , Gu Qisheng , Xu Yixin , Zhu Ziyan , Xu Duogang , Wei Shanshan , Chen Haonan , Yang Yuqin , Gao Hugh , Yu Liang , Li Jikun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicrosatellite instability‐high (MSI‐H) subgroup of gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by a high tumor mutational burden, increased lymphocytic infiltration, and enhanced inflammatory cytokines. GC patients with MSI‐H status have a good response to immune checkpoint blockade management. However, heterogeneity within the subtype and the underlying mechanisms of shaping tumor microenvironments remain poorly understood.MethodsRNA expression levels and clinical parameters of GC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The data were analyzed using single‐sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, and Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. In addition, multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) was used in our clinical cohort for the tumor microenvironment study.ResultsBy ssGSEA and survival analysis, the EMT signaling pathway was identified as a representative pathway, which can stratify the patients with MSI‐H GC with significant survival predictive power. Then, a novel representative EMT‐related five‐gene signature (namely CALU, PCOLCE2, PLOD2, SGCD, and THBS2) was established from EMT signaling gene set, which sensitivity and specificity were further validated in the independent GEO database (GSE62254) cohort for disease outcome prediction. Based on public single‐cell data and in situ immunohistochemistry, we found that most of these five genes were abundantly expressed in cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Furthermore, patients with high or low risk divided by this five‐gene signature exhibited a strong correlation of the distinct patterns of tumor immune microenvironment. By mIHC staining of sections from 30 patients with MSI‐H status, we showed that the patients with better prognoses had the increased infiltration of CD8+ cells in the primary tumoral tissue.ConclusionOur study developed a simple five‐gene signature for stratifying MSI‐H GC patients with survival predictive power.