bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RUDJER BOŠKOVIĆ INSTITUTE RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS XVIII
Authors: Obelić Bogomil , Krajcar Bronić Ines , Horvatinčić Nada , Barešić Jadranka 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIn this paper we present dating of archaeological samples from Croatia only performed since our last reports (Obelić et al. 2011; Horvatinčić et al. 2012). Liquid scintillation radiometric measurement technique with benzene synthesis (LSC-B) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) technique were applied.
Access to ear and hearing care services in Cambodia: a qualitative enquiry into experiences of key informants
Authors: Waterworth C J , Marella M , Bhutta M F , Dowell R , Khim K , Annear P L 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn Cambodia, little is known about the state of ear and hearing care, or the roles providers or key stakeholders play in delivering services.MethodThis was an exploratory study using semi-structured qualitative interviews and a questionnaire addressed to key stakeholders to explore their perceptions and experiences in providing services to people suffering from ear disease or hearing loss in Cambodia.ResultsSeveral challenges were described including a lack of hearing services to meet the demand, especially outside Phnom Penh in primary care and aural rehabilitation. Supply-side challenges include a shortage of trained professionals, facilities and resources, poor co-ordination between providers, unclear referral pathways, and long wait times.ConclusionNow is an opportune time to build on the positive trend in providing integrated care for non-communicable diseases in Cambodia, through the integration of effective ear and hearing care into primary care and strengthening the package of activities delivered at government facilities.
A longitudinal analysis of conspiracy beliefs and Covid-19 health responses
Authors: van Prooijen Jan-Willem , Amodio David M. , Boot Arnout , Eerland Anita , Etienne Tom , Krouwel André P. M. , Onderco Michal , Verkoeijen Peter , Zwaan Rolf A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about how conspiracy beliefs and health responses are interrelated over time during the course of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. This longitudinal study tested two contrasting, but not mutually exclusive, hypotheses through cross-lagged modeling. First, based on the consequential nature of conspiracy beliefs, we hypothesize that conspiracy beliefs predict an increase in detrimental health responses over time. Second, as people may rationalize their behavior through conspiracy beliefs, we hypothesize that detrimental health responses predict increased conspiracy beliefs over time.MethodsWe measured conspiracy beliefs and several health-related responses (i.e. physical distancing, support for lockdown policy, and the perception of the coronavirus as dangerous) at three phases of the pandemic in the Netherlands (N = 4913): During the first lockdown (Wave 1: April 2020), after the first lockdown (Wave 2: June 2020), and during the second lockdown (Wave 3: December 2020).ResultsFor physical distancing and perceived danger, the overall cross-lagged effects supported both hypotheses, although the standardized effects were larger for the effects of conspiracy beliefs on these health responses than vice versa. The within-person change results only supported an effect of conspiracy beliefs on these health responses, depending on the phase of the pandemic. Furthermore, an overall cross-lagged effect of conspiracy beliefs on reduced support for lockdown policy emerged from Wave 2 to 3.ConclusionsThe results provide stronger support for the hypothesis that conspiracy beliefs predict health responses over time than for the hypothesis that health responses predict conspiracy beliefs over time.
Hadrian and Britain: The Civil Zone
Authors: Fulford Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lack of written sources and the difficulties of establishing close chronologies from archaeological material mean that it is difficult to identify initiatives other than the commissioning of Hadrian's Wall that can confidently be attributed either to the emperor's visit to Britain in 122 or to his reign more generally. However, the early second century presents several archaeological proxies which point to a quickening of economic activity integrating the frontiers of Wales and the north of Britain with the civil zone of the south. Developments in the countryside hint at the growth of larger estates, including the emergence of larger, ‘complex’ farms, villages and better communications, together assuring the province's sustained ability to feed both military and civilian populations. At the same time there is evidence for public building across the towns of the south, especially of forum basilicas, which may be linked to administrative reforms including the establishment of new civitates.
Burden of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant ESKAPEE pathogens in a secondary hospital care setting in Greece
Authors: Kritsotakis Evangelos I. , Lagoutari Dimitra , Michailellis Efstratios , Georgakakis Ioannis , Gikas Achilleas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to public health, with the sentinel ‘ESKAPEE’ pathogens, being of particular concern. A cohort study spanning 5.5 years (2016–2021) was conducted at a provincial general hospital in Crete, Greece, to describe the epidemiology of ESKAPEE-associated bacteraemia regarding levels of AMR and their impact on patient outcomes. In total, 239 bloodstream isolates were examined from 226 patients (0.7% of 32 996 admissions) with a median age of 75 years, 28% of whom had severe comorbidity and 46% with prior stay in ICU. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was lowest for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30%) and Escherichia coli (33%), and highest among Acinetobacter baumannii (97%); the latter included 8 (22%) with extensive drug-resistance (XDR), half of which were resistant to all antibiotics tested. MDR bacteraemia was more likely to be healthcare-associated than community-onset (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.04–2.65). Inpatient mortality was 22%, 35% and 63% for non-MDR, MDR and XDR episodes, respectively (P = 0.004). Competing risks survival analysis revealed increasing mortality linked to longer hospitalisation with increasing AMR levels, as well as differential pathogen-specific effects. A. baumannii bacteraemia was the most fatal (14-day death hazard ratio 3.39, 95% CI 1.74–6.63). Differences in microbiology, AMR profile and associated mortality compared to national and international data emphasise the importance of similar investigations of local epidemiology.
Utility of empathy informant report in FTD differential diagnosis
Authors: Lane Carissa M. , Lee Mary , Lowe Jacob , Bolton Corey , Pyykkonen Benjamin A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:Loss of empathy is a hallmark feature of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Change in socioemotional functioning identified by others is often the primary initial presenting concern in this disorder, in contrast to more subtle early cognitive changes and limited patient insight. The present study examined the predictive utility of an empathy informant-report measure for discriminating clinician-diagnosed bvFTD from other dementia syndromes.Method:Data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) database were used to study individuals with bvFTD (n = 406) and other dementia syndromes (n = 385). Participants were administered neuropsychological measures and collateral informants completed an informant-report of empathy.Results:Informants reported that patients with bvFTD demonstrated significantly lower levels of empathic concern [F(1, 789) = 120.91, p < .001, η2 = 0.13] and perspective taking [F(1, 789) = 153.08, p < .001, η2 = 0.16] than patients with other dementia syndromes. These differences were not attributable to the level of global cognitive impairment. Empathy scores were not significantly associated with any neurocognitive measure when controlling for age. ROC curve analyses showed fair to good clinical utility of the informant-report empathy measure for distinguishing bvFTD from non-bvFTD, whereas a traditional measure of executive functioning failed to differentiate the groups.Conclusions:These findings indicate that informant ratings of empathy offer a unique source of clinical information that may be useful in detecting neurobehavioral changes specific to bvFTD before a clear neurocognitive pattern emerges on testing.
Panjer class revisited: one formula for the distributions of the Panjer (a,b,n) class
Authors: Fackler Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe loss count distributions whose probabilities ultimately satisfy Panjer’s recursion were classified between 1981 and 2002; they split into six types, which look quite diverse. Yet, the distributions are closely related – we show that their probabilities emerge out of one formula: the binomial series. We propose a parameter change that leads to a unified, practical and intuitive, representation of the Panjer distributions and their parameter space. We determine the subsets of the parameter space where the probabilities are continuous functions of the parameters. Finally, we give an inventory of parameterisations used for Panjer distributions.
Reflections on the new International Baccalaureate Diploma Classical Languages Syllabus
Authors: Trafford Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAt the end of January 2022 the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) published the new Diploma syllabus for Classical Languages (for first assessment in 2024). The new IB Diploma syllabus has at its heart a desire to move away from the teaching of language and literature as two distinct skills, while embracing a broader range of teaching and assessment methods which do greater justice to the richness, diversity and range of skills students can, and do, develop through the learning of classical languages. In what follows, I will discuss the new IB Classical Languages syllabus and whether it lives up to these worthy aims.
Simulated Hydrological Dynamics and Coupled Iron Redox Cycling Impact Methane Production in an Arctic Soil
Authors: Sulman Benjamin N. , Yuan Fengming , O’Meara Teri , Gu Baohua , Herndon Elizabeth M. , Zheng Jianqiu , Thornton Peter E. , Graham David E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fate of organic carbon (C) in permafrost soils is important to the climate system due to the large global stocks of permafrost C. Thawing permafrost can be subject to dynamic hydrology, making redox processes an important factor controlling soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates and greenhouse gas production. In iron (Fe)‐rich permafrost soils, Fe(III) can serve as a terminal electron acceptor, promoting anaerobic respiration of SOM and increasing pH. Current large‐scale models of Arctic C cycling do not include Fe cycling or pH interactions. Here, a geochemical reaction model was developed by coupling Fe redox reactions and C cycling to simulate SOM decomposition, Fe(III) reduction, pH dynamics, and greenhouse gas production in permafrost soils subject to dynamic hydrology. We parameterized the model using measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes as well as changes in pH, Fe(II), and dissolved organic C concentrations from oxic and anoxic incubations of permafrost soils from polygonal permafrost sites in northern Alaska, United States. In simulations of repeated oxic‐anoxic cycles, Fe(III) reduction during anoxic periods enhanced CO2 production, while the net effect of Fe(III) reduction on cumulative CH4 fluxes depended on substrate C availability. With lower substrate availability, Fe(III) reduction decreased total CH4 production by further limiting available substrate. With higher substrate availability, Fe(III) reduction enhanced CH4 production by increasing pH. Our results suggest that interactions among Fe‐redox reactions, pH and methanogenesis are important factors in predicting CH4 and CO2 production as well as SOM decomposition rates in Fe‐rich, frequently waterlogged Arctic soils.
Effect of Lateral Outflow on Three‐Dimensional Flow Structure in a River Delta
Authors: Chowdhury M. Kifayath , Konsoer Kory M. , Hiatt Matthew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpatial and temporal patterns in three‐dimensional flow structure are linked to channel processes and morphology in many environments. However, there is not yet an understanding of how the flow structure is influenced by channelized and gradually distributed lateral outflows that are often prevalent in river deltas. This study presents an analysis of three‐dimensional flow structure data collected from Wax Lake Delta, a naturally developing river‐dominated delta in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Three hydrographic surveys were conducted using a boat‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler at two sites: a channelized outflow zone and a distributary channel experiencing unchannelized lateral outflow. The flow structure was analyzed to identify secondary circulation cells induced by both types of lateral outflow. For channelized outflow, coherent cells were observed. However, minimal presence of coherent structures was observed for unchannelized lateral outflow. The results suggest that the formation of detectable secondary circulation cells may depend upon a threshold value of the ratio of the lateral momentum flux along the length of the outflow zone and primary flow momentum flux. The threshold lies in between 0.211 and 0.375 km−1 for the conditions tested. This research contributes novel field measurements of flow structure in an actively prograding river delta and offers important implications for coastal restoration by linking three‐dimensional flow structure to lateral outflow.
The Structure and Dynamics of the Uppermost Mantle of Southwestern Canada From a Joint Analysis of Geophysical Observations
Authors: Yu Tai‐Chieh , Currie Claire A. , Unsworth Martyn J. , Chase Brandon F. W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeophysical imaging reveals significant changes in mantle properties from the Southern Canadian Cordillera to the Laurentian Craton in southwestern Canada. We examine mantle structure using shear wave velocity (VS) from seismic tomography and electrical resistivity from magnetotellurics. Independent analyses of VS and resistivity are poorly constrained because of the number of free parameters. To overcome these limitations, we conduct a joint analysis of VS and resistivity to quantify temperature and olivine water content at 75–150 km depth, corresponding to the cordillera asthenosphere and craton mantle lithosphere. For the cordillera, there is a trade‐off between temperature and water content; the observations are consistent with either warm, hydrated, and melt‐free mantle (∼1,240°C; ∼1,600 ppm H/Si in olivine) or hotter, less hydrated mantle (∼1,370°C; ∼600 ppm H/Si) with some melt at 75 km depth. In contrast, the craton mantle lithosphere is ∼350°C cooler and drier (<300 ppm H/Si). Temperatures depend strongly on the seismic attenuation model. If this is known, the temperature uncertainty is <100°C. There is significant uncertainty in olivine water content (>500 ppm H/Si), owing to observation uncertainties, the resistivity model, and mantle composition. Our results indicate that the cordillera asthenosphere has a low viscosity (1019–1021 Pa s) and is susceptible to small‐scale convection. Approximately below the Rocky Mountain Trench, there is a subvertical eastward increase in lithosphere thickness. The cratonic mantle lithosphere viscosity is 1022–1024 Pa s and the western edge of the craton may be unstable, suggesting that the present‐day geometry is a transient feature.
Crustal and Thermal Heterogeneities Across the Fram Strait and the Svalbard Margin
Authors: Dumais M.‐A. , Gernigon L. , Olesen O. , Lim A. , Johansen S. E. , Brönner M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lithospheric structure of the Fram Strait and the extent from the Knipovich Ridge to the Barents Sea shelf and Svalbard are poorly understood. Several multi‐geophysical investigations from various campaigns since the 90s along the Western Barents Sea margin and the Northeast Greenland margin resulted in insufficient and contradicting interpretations of the crustal and upper mantle settings in the oceanic and continental domains. New airborne magnetic data across the Knipovich Ridge and west of Svalbard provide new insights, reveal the complexity of the seafloor spreading history of the Arctic Atlantic Ocean, and indicate a European‐Eurasian continent‐ocean boundary located ∼150 km farther west than previously suggested. This new location of the continent‐ocean boundary prompted to revise the existing 2‐D seismic interpretations in terms of crustal domains and tectono‐stratigraphic setting. This is tested using joint 2‐D gravity and magnetic field modeling to derive an improved crust‐mantle model of the study. One recently acquired combined 2‐D controlled source electromagnetic/magneto‐telluric (CSEM/MT) profile across the Mohns Ridge was also modeled with potential field data and provided new insights into the tectonic settings of the crust and the mantle thermal anomalies. This study proposes to unify the various seismic and CSEM/MT interpretations using the new aeromagnetic compilation.
Trends in River Total Suspended Sediments Driven by Dams and Soil Erosion: A Comparison Between the Yangtze and Mekong Rivers
Authors: Guan Qi , Feng Lian , Tang Jing , Park Edward , Ali Tarig A. , Zheng Yi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal river systems are experiencing rapid changes in sediment transport under growing anthropogenic and climatic stresses. However, the response of sediment discharge to the coupled influence of anthropogenic and natural factors and the associated impacts on the fluvial geomorphology in the Yangtze and Mekong rivers are not comprehensively assessed. Here, we recalibrated a seamless retrieval algorithm of the total suspended sediment (TSS) concentrations using in situ data and concurrent satellite data sets to analyze spatiotemporal patterns of the TSS concentrations in the lower Yangtze and Mekong rivers. Combined with soil erosion rates estimated by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation for the past 20 years, we examined the contributions of different factors to TSS trends. The results show that TSS concentrations in the Yangtze River decreased from 0.47 g L−1 in 2000 to 0.23 g L−1 in 2018 due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), especially in the Jingjiang reach, with a declining magnitude of 0.3 g L−1 (∼56%) since the TGD began operating. The Mekong River experienced increasing TSS concentration trends upstream and decreasing trends downstream from 2000 to 2018, possibly attributed to increased upstream soil erosion and decreased downstream water discharge. Declining TSS concentrations in both rivers have driven varying degrees of river channel erosion over the past two decades. This study investigated long‐term changes in the TSS concentrations and soil erosion in the Yangtze and Mekong rivers, and the results provide baseline information for the sustainable development of river sediment delivery.
Development and validation of a predictive model to guide the use of plerixafor in pediatric population
Authors: Sebastien Bernard , Cheverton Peter , Magnin Catherine , Aouni Jihane , Castan Remi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlerixafor, a CXCR4 receptor antagonist, reduces the binding and chemotaxis of hematopoietic stem cells to the bone marrow stroma, resulting in predictable peak of cluster of differentiation 34+ (CD34+) cells in the peripheral blood (PB) approximately 10 h after its administration. We developed a model that could predict the CD34+ harvest volume on the first day of apheresis (AP-CD34+) based on PB-CD34+ counts immediately prior to commencing apheresis in pediatric population. In all, data from 45 pediatric patients from the MOZAIC study who received either granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or G-CSF plus plerixafor were included. The modeling of the data exhibited a strong and highly predictive linear relationship between the counts of PB-CD34+ cells on the first day of apheresis and AP-CD34+ cells collected on the same day. It is predicted that there are approximately 13 new collected CD34+ cells for 100 new circulating CD34+ cells before apheresis. Our predictive algorithm can be used to quantify the minimal count of PB-CD34+ cells that enables to collect at least 2 × 106 or 5 × 106 AP-CD34+ cells/kg with sufficient assurance (probability = 0.90) and can guide the use of plerixafor in patients at higher perceived risk for mobilization failure. Trial registration of MOZAIC study: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01288573; EudraCT, 2010-019340-40.
Layered subsurface in Utopia Basin of Mars revealed by Zhurong rover radar
Authors: Li Chao , Zheng Yikang , Wang Xin , Zhang Jinhai , Wang Yibo , Chen Ling , Zhang Lei , Zhao Pan , Liu Yike , Lv Wenmin , Liu Yang , Zhao Xu , Hao Jinlai , Sun Weijia , Liu Xiaofeng , Jia Bojun , Li Juan , Lan Haiqiang , Fa Wenzhe , Pan Yongxin , Wu Fuyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExploring the subsurface structure and stratification of Mars advances our understanding of Martian geology, hydrological evolution and palaeoclimatic changes, and has been a main task for past and continuing Mars exploration missions1–10. Utopia Planitia, the smooth plains of volcanic and sedimentary strata that infilled the Utopia impact crater, has been a prime target for such exploration as it is inferred to have hosted an ancient ocean on Mars11–13. However, 45 years have passed since Viking-2 provided ground-based detection results. Here we report an in situ ground-penetrating radar survey of Martian subsurface structure in a southern marginal area of Utopia Planitia conducted by the Zhurong rover of the Tianwen-1 mission. A detailed subsurface image profile is constructed along the roughly 1,171 m traverse of the rover, showing an approximately 70-m-thick, multi-layered structure below a less than 10-m-thick regolith. Although alternative models deserve further scrutiny, the new radar image suggests the occurrence of episodic hydraulic flooding sedimentation that is interpreted to represent the basin infilling of Utopia Planitia during the Late Hesperian to Amazonian. While no direct evidence for the existence of liquid water was found within the radar detection depth range, we cannot rule out the presence of saline ice in the subsurface of the landing area.
Estimating long-term spatial distribution of Plodia interpunctella in various food facilities at Rajshahi Municipality, Bangladesh, through pheromone-baited traps
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahbub , Athanassiou Christos G. , Hossain Md. Akhtar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), feeds on a wide range of commodities in most regions of the world. The present study presents six years of monitoring data for P. interpunctella in pheromone-baited traps by analyzing the trends of spatial variability, in five food facilities located in the Rajshahi municipality area of Bangladesh. We also tracked insect incidence at different spatial scales and evaluated the impact of food facility types and storage structures on insect populations. Our model showed an aggregated distribution pattern for P. interpunctella. Population patterns of P. interpunctella varied significantly among facilities. The highest number of moths captured was recorded in a grain retailer located at Municipal market, followed by a grain warehouse at Harian, pulse mill at Kazla, flour mill at Sapura and grocery shop at Katakhali. The population fluctuation of P. interpunctella moths was similar among the different locations tested, while there were no captures during the winter period. Our results indicate that long-term monitoring in a wide range of areas can be used to indicate population outbursts, under an area-wide management strategy.