bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of GPR160 inhibits the progression of glioma through suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers
Authors: Abbas Azar , Jun Peng , Yuan Jiang Yuan , Sun Li , Jiang Jinwei , Yuan Shengtao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGlioma is one of the most fatal types of malignant tumours, the cause of which is mostly unknown. Orphan GPCRs (GPRs) have been previously implicated in tumour growth and metastasis. Therefore, these GPRs could prove to be alternative and promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.ObjectiveThe role of GPR160 in glioma has not yet been assessed. This study aims to explore the association of GPR160 with glioma progression and investigate its role in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis.MethodsChanges in protein expression were assessed using western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining assays, while mRNA expression changes were evaluated using qRT‐PCR. To detect the changes in progression and metastasis, MTT, EdU proliferation, wound healing, transwell migration, and flow cytometry assays were carried out in vitro. An epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypic analysis was performed to detect EMT.ResultsWe demonstrated that knockdown of GPR160 inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and cell viability and promoted apoptosis. Pro‐apoptotic biomarkers were upregulated, while anti‐apoptotic biomarkers were downregulated. Cell lines with GPR160 knockdown (GPR160 KD) showed a slowed migration rate and decreased invasion ability. EMT mesenchymal biomarkers were downregulated in GPR160 KD cell lines, while epithelial biomarkers were upregulated.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that GPR160 is a potential therapeutic target in glioma for the first time. These findings can be used to discover in detail the molecular mechanism and pathways through which GPR160 promotes glioma progression.
Systematic review and network meta‐analysis comparing ofatumumab with other disease‐modifying therapies available in Japan for the treatment of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Drudge Christopher , Zhao Melody , Tanaka Satoru , Tanaka Nozomu , Otaka Hiromichi , Kawachi Izumi , Häring Dieter A. , Brennan Róisín , Adlard Nicholas , Samjoo Imtiaz A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveNo head‐to‐head clinical trials have compared ofatumumab with other disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) available in Japan for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). In this study, a network meta‐analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the efficacy of ofatumumab to other DMTs currently available in Japan for the treatment of patients with RMS.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in biomedical databases from inception to June 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials. Only English‐ and Japanese‐language publications describing studies conducted in Japan were included. Trials with sufficiently similar study and patient characteristics were included in a Bayesian NMA. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the impact of potential sources of uncertainty.ResultsFour trials, each comparing a DMT with placebo in a ≥50% Japanese population, were sufficiently similar that comparative efficacy could be assessed for annualized relapse rate (ARR). Ofatumumab numerically reduced ARR compared with fingolimod (rate ratio [RR]: 0.84, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.20–3.39), dimethyl fumarate (RR: 0.61, 95% CrI: 0.16–2.30), and placebo (RR: 0.41, 95% CrI: 0.12–1.39), but not natalizumab (RR: 1.33, 95% CrI: 0.33–5.45). In a subgroup analysis of Japanese patients only, ofatumumab reduced relapses compared with all other treatments including natalizumab. These results were limited by the lack of studies reporting direct comparisons between included treatments and by heterogenous reporting of outcome data.ConclusionThese findings, although limited by the paucity of evidence for Japanese patients, suggest that monoclonal antibody therapies (ie, natalizumab and ofatumumab) may provide improved efficacy compared with other DMTs available in Japan for patients with RMS.
Beyond inappropriate fire regimes: A synthesis of fire‐driven declines of threatened mammals in Australia
Authors: Santos Julianna L. , Hradsky Bronwyn A. , Keith David A. , Rowe Kevin C. , Senior Katharine L. , Sitters Holly , Kelly Luke T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFire can promote biodiversity, but changing patterns of fire threaten species worldwide. While scientific literature often describes ‘‘inappropriate fire regimes’’ as a significant threat to biodiversity, less attention has been paid to the characteristics that make a fire regime inappropriate. We go beyond this generic description and synthesize how inappropriate fire regimes contribute to declines of animal populations using threatened mammals as a case study. We developed a demographic framework for classifying mechanisms by which fire regimes cause population decline and applied the framework in a systematic review to identify fire characteristics and interacting threats associated with population declines in Australian threatened land mammals (n = 99). Inappropriate fire regimes threaten 88% of Australian threatened land mammals. Our review indicates that intense, large, and frequent fires are the primary cause of fire‐related population declines, particularly through their influence on survival rates. However, several species are threatened by a lack of fire, and there is considerable uncertainty in the evidence base for fire‐related declines. Climate change and predation are documented or predicted to interact with fire to exacerbate mammalian declines. This demographic framework will help target conservation actions globally and will be enhanced by empirical studies of animal survival, movement, and reproduction.
The effect of neuropsychiatric medication on pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ryan Jamie L. , Sherman Ashley K. , Heble Daniel E. , Friesen Craig A. , Daniel James F. , Fischer Ryan T. , Slowik Voytek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObese and overweight children are at risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can lead to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver transplantation. Neuropsychiatric conditions affect an increasing proportion of children and often require neuropsychiatric medications (NPMs) that are associated with weight gain and/or drug‐induced liver injury. We sought to evaluate the role that the extended use of NPMs play in pediatric NAFLD. Medical chart review was conducted for 260 patients with NAFLD (NPM = 77, non‐NPM = 183) seen in the Liver Care Center at Children’s Mercy Hospital between 2000 and 2016. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI) percentile, BMI z‐score, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and gamma glutamyltransferase, and were collected at diagnosis, 6–18 month follow‐up, and 18–36 months. Controlling for race and metformin, there was a significant increase over time in BMI z‐score (p < 0.01) and total bilirubin (p = 0.03), with only initial decreases in ALT (p < 0.01) and AST (p < 0.01). Except for higher total bilirubin in the non‐NPM group, no main effect of group or interaction effect was found. Similar patterns remained when subjects were analyzed by NPM drug class. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate the effects of NPM dose and duration of exposure, by drug class, on pediatric NAFLD outcomes.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound for the evaluation of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sultan Salahaden R. , Bashmail Fatima T. , Alzahrani Nouf A. , Alharbi Shahd I. , Anbar Rayan , Alkharaiji Mohammed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a promising imaging modality for the assessment of plaque vulnerability. We aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyze the ability of CEUS parameters to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques and to assess its reproducibility.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that potentially evaluated carotid plaques using CEUS. From the initial 2870 searches, 11 relevant publications comprising a total of 821 carotid plaques were reviewed. Data on CEUS parameters including quantitative and semi‐quantitative parameters were extracted and analyzed.ResultsThe overall analysis showed significantly higher CEUS parameters in symptomatic carotid plaques compared to asymptomatic carotid plaques (standardised mean difference (SMD) .95, 95% confidence interval (CI) .56–1.27, p < .01). Intra and inter‐observer reproducibility of quantitative CEUS parameters were excellent (intra‐observer, r = .95, 95% CI .87–1; inter‐observer, r = .93, 95% CI .80–.1). Semi‐quantitative CEUS parameters showed good intra‐observer reliability and moderate inter‐observer reliability (intra‐observer, r = .77, 95% CI .64–.89; inter‐observer, r = .75, 95% CI .61–.89). Heterogeneity among studies compared CEUS parameters in symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques and studies assessed inter‐observer reproducibility, and significant biases in studies assessing CEUS reproducibility were present.ConclusionCEUS is a useful vascular imaging method to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques with moderate to excellent reproducibility. Quantitative CEUS analysis appeared to be more sensitive and reliable in assessing carotid plaques than semi‐quantitative parameters. Further longitudinal prospective trials evaluating carotid plaque in asymptomatic population using CEUS to determine plaque characteristics that can become symptomatic are required.
Emergence of current European thinking and policies on doctoral education
Authors: Kovačević Melita , Bitušíková Alexandra , Dagen Tamara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn today's age of knowledge and technology, societies are changing fast, on both macro and micro levels. Hardly anyone could have predicted several years ago such an acceleration of change and its impact on society, and in particular, on higher education. In Europe as well as globally, higher education has been undergoing many changes for more than two decades. In many countries, the number of higher education institutions has increased, mass education has replaced more elite systems, universities have adopted different agenda, and research has become more competitive. In this new context, doctoral education has also needed to be redefined in order to better respond to societal and academic challenges. Doctoral education—a crucial segment of higher education and the main link between the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area—has been receiving continuous attention for more than 15 years. This paper provides an overall view on changes in doctoral education in Europe, the background of this change process, and the context that led to these major changes. The main analysis will be presented from a European academic context perspective, but it will also reflect a global perspective. It will provide an analysis of all the milestones and consider the relevant policies and recommendations on the supranational level and their reflection on the national level. While taking the reader on a 15‐year journey of the doctoral education system in Europe, a brief look to the future of doctoral education will be sketched as well.
Disturbance and nutrients synchronise kelp forests across scales through interacting Moran effects
Authors: Castorani Max C. N. , Bell Tom W. , Walter Jonathan A. , Reuman Daniel C. , Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Sheppard Lawrence W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpatial synchrony is a ubiquitous and important feature of population dynamics, but many aspects of this phenomenon are not well understood. In particular, it is largely unknown how multiple environmental drivers interact to determine synchrony via Moran effects, and how these impacts vary across spatial and temporal scales. Using new wavelet statistical techniques, we characterised synchrony in populations of giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera, a widely distributed marine foundation species, and related synchrony to variation in oceanographic conditions across 33 years (1987–2019) and >900 km of coastline in California, USA. We discovered that disturbance (storm‐driven waves) and resources (seawater nutrients)—underpinned by climatic variability—act individually and interactively to produce synchrony in giant kelp across geography and timescales. Our findings demonstrate that understanding and predicting synchrony, and thus the regional stability of populations, relies on resolving the synergistic and antagonistic Moran effects of multiple environmental drivers acting on different timescales.
Control of fungi isolated from cereals: variations in the susceptibility of fungal species to essential oils, ozone, and UV‐C
Authors: Levinskaitė Loreta , Vaičekauskytė Viktorija 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe application of synthetic chemicals for food protection is a cause for public concern and raises the demand for more environment‐friendly approaches. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory efficacy of alternative measures, namely, fumigation with essential oils (EOs), ozone treatment, and ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation against fungi associated with wheat and oat cereals. Oregano oil exhibited the strongest antifungal properties when compared to clove and cinnamon oils. Ozone fumigation induced a significant inhibition of fungal survival after 1 h of treatment. Aspergillus niger was the most sensitive to gaseous and aqueous ozone. UV‐C irradiation for 15 min had a substantial effect on Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium cyclopium, whereas 60–90 min were needed to achieve a similar effect in other tested fungi. The current findings indicated that the susceptibility of fungi differed based on the applied antifungal measures.
Inulin fructans – food applications and alternative plant sources: a review
Authors: Mudannayake Deshani C. , Jayasena Dinesh D. , Wimalasiri Kuruppu M. S. , Ranadheera C. Senaka , Ajlouni Said 
Published: June 2022

SummaryFructans are water soluble, non‐digestible fructose polymers found as storage polysaccharides in certain plants. They are classified as inulin‐type, graminan‐type and branched‐type, while the former being the most extensively researched fructan type. Inulin fructans vary in different plants, with respect to the chain length, degree of polymerisation and molecular weight. Being one of the most versatile functional food ingredients, inulin fructans are well known for their unique bifidogenic and prebiotic properties as well as techno‐functional properties including fibre enhancing, fat and sugar replacing and viscosity and texture modifying attributes in food systems. Therefore, incorporation of inulin fructans into more frequently consumed dairy and non‐dairy products has become an emerging trend in the food industry. Despite the commercial manufacture of inulin fructans from chicory, a growing interest has emerged to extract this functional ingredient from inulin‐rich alternative plant sources including jerusalem artichoke, globe artichoke, yacon, burdock, asparagus species, garlic, agave and dandelion, which can potentially be good sources of inulin for food and nutraceutical applications in future. This review provides an in‐depth insight of inulin fructans including the chemistry, food applications and health benefits, and also giving special reference to alternative plant sources.
Impact of protein oxidation induced by different cooking methods in channel fish (Ietalurus punetaus) on structure and in vitro digestion of protein
Authors: Jiang Qixing , Zhang Zhiyun , Yang Fang , Gao Pei , Yu Dawei , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the protein digestion characteristics of channel fish (Ietalurus punetaus). The channel fish muscles were subjected to different cooking methods, namely boiling, steaming and roasting and were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulation using raw fish as a control. All the cooking methods increased the protein digestibility (1.60–8.28%) and decreased the protein particle size at the end of the gastrointestinal digestion. The highest protein digestibility (66.78%) and the smallest protein particle size values (600.7 nm) were observed for the steamed group. Samples which were steam cooked showed lowest β‐sheet content (9.63 ± 0.81%) and were accompanied with moderate protein oxidation. As the core temperature increased from 40°C to 90°C, protein oxidation increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increase of carbonyl groups and Schiff bases and decrease of sulfhydryl groups in all cooked groups. Based on the results, steaming was recommended as the best methods of cooking channel fish for improved protein digestibility.
Modified body mass index z‐scores in children in New York City during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Miller Assia , Bochner Risa , Sohler Nancy , Calixte Rose , Chan Cameron , Umpaichitra Vatcharapan , Shalmiyev Elman , Novikova Natalia , Desai Ninad , Seigel Warren , Chin Vivian , Periasamy Sundari , Waldman Lee , Bamji Mahrukh , Nagpal Nikita , Duh‐Leong Carol , Reznik Makhmood , Messito Mary , Bargman Renee 
Published: June 2022

AbstarctObjectivesDetermine whether the negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on weight gain trajectories among children attending well‐child visits in New York City persisted after the public health restrictions were reduced.Study DesignMulticenter retrospective chart review study of 7150 children aged 3–19 years seen for well‐child care between 1 January 2018 and 4 December 2021 in the NYC Health and Hospitals system. Primary outcome was the difference in annual change of modified body mass index z‐score (mBMIz) between the pre‐pandemic and early‐ and late‐pandemic periods. The mBMIz allows for tracking of a greater range of BMI values than the traditional BMI z‐score. The secondary outcome was odds of overweight, obesity, or severe obesity. Multivariable analyses were conducted with each outcome as the dependent variable, and year, age category, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, NYC borough, and baseline weight category as independent variables.ResultsThe difference in annual mBMIz change for pre‐pandemic to early‐pandemic = 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15, 0.20) and for pre‐pandemic to late‐pandemic = 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06). There was a statistically significant interaction between period and baseline weight category. Those with severe obesity at baseline had the greatest mBMIz increase during both pandemic periods and those with underweight at baseline had the lowest mBMIz increase during both pandemic periods.ConclusionIn NYC, the worsening mBMIz trajectories for children associated with COVID‐19 restrictions did not reverse by 2021. Decisions about continuing restrictions, such as school closures, should carefully weigh the negative health impact of these policies.
Nondestructive detection for adulteration of panax notoginseng powder based on hyperspectral imaging combined with arithmetic optimization algorithm‐support vector regression
Authors: Zhang Fujie , Shi Lei , Li Lixia , Zhou Yufeng , Tian Liquan , Cui Xiuming , Gao Yongping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIllegal merchants adulterate the powder of panax notoginseng rhizome and main root with the powder of panax notoginseng fibrous root, which reduces the efficacy and hygiene of panax notoginseng powder. To detect the adulteration of panax notoginseng powder nondestructively and rapidly, in this study, the hyperspectral images of 80 samples of adulterated rhizome powder and adulterated main root powder (AR & AM) were collected by using a hyperspectral image acquisition system (400–1000 nm). Then, Savitzky–Golay and standard normalized variable (SG‐SNV) were used to preprocess the spectrum and improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the data. Next, competitive adaptive reweighed sampling (CARS) and iteratively retains informative variables (IRIV) methods were respectively adopted to select feature wavelengths from the spectra data after pretreatment. Subsequently, support vector regression (SVR) was used to establish the prediction models based on the selected variables and the full spectra data. Also, the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) was used to optimize the parameters of the SVR model. The results showed that CARS‐AOA‐SVR was the optimal model for AR & AM, achieving of .9693 and .9667, RMSEP of .0266 and .0264, respectively. Therefore, the hyperspectral imaging combined with the CARS‐AOA‐SVR is a feasible method to detect the adulteration concentration of panax notoginseng powder.Practical ApplicationsThe traditional detection methods for adulteration of panax notoginseng powder depended on manual detection and chemical analysis. In order to detect the adulterated concentration of panax notoginseng powder rapidly and accurately, the adulterated panax notoginseng powder was studied based on hyperspectral imaging. The results showed that hyperspectral imaging combined with CARS‐AOA‐SVR model could be used to quantitatively detect the adulteration concentration of panax notoginseng powder, which could be a fast, accurate, and nondestructive method for adulteration detection of panax notoginseng powder and other powdery materials.
A Brief Depression Screening Tool for Perinatal Clinical Practice: The Performance of the PHQ‐2 Compared with the PHQ‐9
Authors: Gigantesco Antonella , Palumbo Gabriella , Cena Loredana , Camoni Laura , Trainini Alice , Stefana Alberto , Mirabella Fiorino 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThere is ongoing interest in using brief screening instruments to identify perinatal depression in clinical practice. One ultra‐brief screening instrument for depression is the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2), but thus far its accuracy in perinatal clinical practice has been barely researched. In the present study, we aimed to assess the screening accuracy of the PHQ‐2 against the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) in a large sample of perinatal women.MethodsA total of 1155 consecutive women attending 11 health care centers throughout Italy completed the PHQ‐9 (which includes the PHQ‐2) during pregnancy (27‐40 weeks) or postpartum (1‐13 weeks). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, likelihood ratio positive, likelihood ratio negative, and overall accuracy were calculated using cut points 3 or greater and 2 or greater.ResultsDuring pregnancy, PHQ‐2 greater than or equal to 3 revealed low sensitivity (38.4%‐44.7%) but high specificity (97.8%‐99.3%). In postpartum, it revealed moderate sensitivity (56.9%‐70.6%), high specificity (95.8%‐99.8%), and fair overall accuracy in pregnancy (70%). The alternative threshold greater than or equal to 2 revealed very high sensitivity (pregnancy: 92.1%‐95.2%; postpartum: 87.1%‐95.2%), moderate specificity (pregnancy: 78.1%‐83.2%; postpartum: 68.8%‐81.1%) and good overall accuracy, both during pregnancy (87%) and postpartum (84%).DiscussionThe PHQ‐2 provided acceptable accuracy for screening for depression compared with the PHQ‐9. In perinatal screening practice, a threshold of 2 or greater should be preferred as this ensures high sensitivity, missing only approximately 6% to 8% of cases, and a false‐positive rate (percentage of women classified as affected with depressive symptoms when they are not) of 19% to 25%.