bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biologisch-chemische Wirkungen von Vulkanit-Fango
Authors: Lukanov Julian , Beer André-Michael 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Vulkanischer Fango wird in der Literatur bislang als rein
anorganisches Peloid klassifiziert und wird seit vielen Jahren wegen seiner
physikalisch-thermischen Wirkungen in der Medizin eingesetzt. In der Literatur
findet man Abhandlungen über die Wirkungen und den Wirkmechanismus von
biologische aktiven Substanzen aus Torf und Torfpräparaten. Ziel dieser
Untersuchungen ist die Aufklärung, ob auch vulkanischer Fango
über biologisch aktive Substanzen verfügt.
Material und Methoden In Organbädern wurde die Wirkung von
wässerigem Fangoextrakt unter Beteiligung von verschiedenen
Rezeptorenblockern auf die spontane kontraktile Aktivität (SKA) der
glatten Muskelstreifen untersucht.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die anregenden Effekte von
wässerigem Fangoextrakt auf die SKA der glatten Muskelstreifen nur bei
gleichzeitiger Blockierung von α2 Adreno- und D2 Dopaminrezeptoren zu
unterdrücken sind. Die selbsthemmende Effekte der anregenden Wirkung von
wässrigem Fangoextrakt auf die SKA der glatten Muskulatur stehen mit
einer Blockierung von α2 Adreno und D2 Dopaminrezeptoren im
unmittelbaren Zusammenhang.
Schlussfolgerung Wässriger vulkanischer Fangoextrakt
enthält biologisch aktive Substanzen, die eine agonistische Wirkung auf
die α2 Adreno- und D2 Dopaminrezeptoren der glatten Muskulatur haben.
Den Ergebnissen entsprechend ist von pharmakologischen Wirkungen auszugehen, wie
sie von den genannten Rezeptoren bekannt sind. Die klinische Wirksamkeit muss in
klinischen Studien festgestellt werden. Damit kann der hier untersuchte
vulkanische Fango als organisch/anorganisch wirkendes Peloid eingestuft
werden.
Effects of Trampoline Exercises in Children with Developmental
Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sulaiman Maryam , Baig Mirza Obaid , Memon Sajjan Iqbal , Ashraf Naveed , Butt Poshmal , Afzal Kiran , Iqbal Rabia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background & Objectives Developmental Coordination Disorder is a
condition that affects motor performance and causes difficulty in learning, and
activities of daily living. This condition is very prevalent in children who
suffer from poor balance and motor impairments. The Objectives of this study are
to determine the effects of trampoline exercises on motor performance and to
assess the balance and quality of life in children.
Methodology This randomized, placebo treatment-control trial was conducted
at Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital in Islamabad Pakistan. Sample of 26
children, diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder consecutively aged
5–12 years meeting inclusion criteria were isolated into two groups;
control and experimental using purposive sampling. The Participants in the
control group performed conventional physical therapy and the experimental group
received trampoline jumping exercise interventions 3x times a week for one hour
and 1 hour 15 mins for experimental (trampoline group) for eight
weeks with conventional physical therapy sessions. We used three validated
questionnaires; Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCDQ), Paediatric Balance
Scale (PBS), and Paediatric Quality of life (PQL). The data were analyzed using
SPSS 21. A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results Out of 26 participants, the mean age and S.D were 8.8±1.0.
About 43% were males and 58%, were females. In the experimental
group, the motor performance showed a significant difference between the two
groups in the 8th-week p<0.007, and non-significant results for balance
improvement p>0.05. The quality of life showed significant results at
the 4th week with a p<0.03 and a non-significant difference between a
group at the 8th week with p>0.05 and both groups estimated a
p<0.001.
Conclusion Although physical therapy is commonly utilized for treating
children with developmental disorders, incorporating trampoline exercises into
the program has been associated with improved motor performance.
Construction of Substituted [4]Acene Frameworks Based on Double Cationic Cyclizations of Fluoroalkenes
Authors: Fuchibe Kohei , Ichikawa Junji , Takao Go , Hakozaki Tomohiro , Miura Keisuke , Urushibara Yusuke 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, 5-substituted and 5,6-disubstituted [4]acenes were synthesized by the double cationic cyclization of fluoroalkenes. (a) After being treated with Me2AlCl (1.2 equiv), 2-trifluoromethyl-1-alkenes bearing two aryl groups underwent domino Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization (two-ring construction) followed by dehydrogenation to generate 5-fluorinated [4]acenes. The same (trifluoromethyl)alkenes were treated with both Me2AlCl (1.2 equiv) and Me3Al (1.0 equiv), resulting in selective one-ring construction and the creation of bicyclic 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes. (b) When treated with triflic acid, the bicyclic difluoroalkenes underwent regioselective protonation to generate CF2 cations; Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization of these cations provided tetracyclic ketones. The obtained ketones act as an appropriate platform for the introduction of substituents at the 5-position of [4]acenes. (c) When treated with DDQ/H+, the bicyclic difluoroalkenes underwent oxidative generation of allylic CF2 cations; Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization of these cations produced tetracyclic enones. The enones were subjected to double addition of carbanions to facilitate the introduction of two substituents at the 5- and 6-positions of dihydro[4]acenes.
Adrenal Androgen Predictive Effects on Clinical and Metabolic Abnormalities of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Medeiros Sebastião Freitas de , Barbosa Bruna Barcelo , Medeiros Matheus Antônio Souto de , Yamamoto Ana Karine Lin Winck , Yamamoto Márcia Marly Winck 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To examine the possible effects of adrenal prohormones in the prediction of clinical and metabolic abnormalities in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods The present study enrolled 299 normal cycling non-PCOS, 156 normoandrogenemic, and 474 hyperandrogenemic women with PCOS. Baseline characteristics were compared using a chi-squared test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) as appropriate. The roles of adrenal prohormones and their ratios with total testosterone in predicting co-occurring morbidities in women PCOS were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results Adrenal hyperandrogenism per dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were found in 32% of women with PCOS. In non-PCOS women, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate had no predictive role concerning clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. In PCOS women, mainly in the hyperandrogenemic group, DHEA showed to be a significant predictor against most anthropometric-metabolic index abnormalities (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36–0.97; p < 0.05), and an increase in triglycerides (TG) levels (OR = 0.76; p = 0.006). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate presented a few predictive effects regarding PCOS-associated disorders. In controls, DHEAS predicted against the increase in estimated average glucose (OR= 0.38; p = 0.036). In the normoandrogenic group, it predicted against elevation in the waist/hip ratio (WHR) (OR= 0.59; p = 0.042), and in hyperandrogenemic PCOS women, it predicted against abnormality in the conicity index (CI) (OR = 0.31; p = 0.028).
Conclusion Dehydroepiandrosterone was shown to be a better predictor of abnormal anthropometric and biochemical parameters in women with PCOS than DHEAS. Thus, regarding adrenal prohormones, DHEA measurement, instead of DHEAS, should be preferred in PCOS management. The effects of androgen prohormones on the prediction of PCOS abnormalities are weak.
Deficiency and Insufficiency of Vitamin D in Women of Childbearing Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lucchetta Rosa Camila , Lemos Isabele Held , Gini Ana Luísa Rodriguez , Cavicchioli Sophia de Andrade , Forgerini Marcela , Varallo Fabiana Rossi , de Nadai Mariane Nunes , Fernandez-Llimos Fernando , Mastroianni Patricia de Carvalho 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To estimate the prevalence of inadequate vitamin D level and its associated factors for women of childbearing age in Brazil.
Methods A systematic review was conducted (last updated May 2020). Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse-variance for fixed models with summary proportion calculation by Freeman-Tukey double arcsine. Reporting and methodological quality were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies.
Results Our review identified 31 studies, comprising 4,006 participants. All the studies had at least one weakness, mainly due to the use of convenience sampling and small sample size. The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and both deficiency and insufficiency were 35% (confidence interval, 95%CI: 34–37%), 42% (95%CI: 41–44%), and 72% (95%CI: 71–74%), respectively.
Conclusion Although the magnitude of the prevalence of inadequate levels of vitamin D is uncertain, the evidence suggests that presence of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in women of reproductive age can cause moderate to severe problems.
Prevalence of Depression in Pregnant Women with Bariatric Surgery History and Associated Factors
Authors: da Rocha Andréa Christina Nowak , da Cunha Ana Cristina Barros , da Silva Jaqueline Ferreira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among Brazilian pregnant women with history of bariatric surgery (BS).
Methods This is a cohort study with 247 women who got pregnant after BS. Based on data collection via Google Form, the recruitment of participants occurred in Facebook groups for 13 months. All of them answered a form with Informed Consent, a general data protocol and the Brazilian version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed, and a binary logistic regression model was tested to predict the factors associated with depressive symptoms.
Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 32.8%, noted as being higher in the first (40.6%) and third (34.3%) gestational trimesters. Significative associations were found between depression and marital status (p = 0.000), planned pregnancy (p = 0.001), desired pregnancy (p = 0.004) and psychiatric history (p = 0.000). Women who were not married (odds ratio, OR = 3,38; p = 0.002) and had a psychiatric history (OR = 2.70; p = 0.102) had higher chances of showing depression symptoms; while planned and desired pregnancy showed as protective factors to the symptoms of depression.
Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of psychological assistance for pregnant women with history of BS, to prevent development of mental disorders and their outcomes for maternal-child health.
Imaging in Asthma Management
Authors: Niedbalski Peter J. , Choi Jiwoong , Hall Chase S. , Castro Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAsthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation that affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Clinically, asthma has a widely variable presentation and is defined based on a history of respiratory symptoms alongside airflow limitation. Imaging is not needed to confirm a diagnosis of asthma, and thus the use of imaging in asthma has historically been limited to excluding alternative diagnoses. However, significant advances continue to be made in novel imaging methodologies, which have been increasingly used to better understand respiratory impairment in asthma. As a disease primarily impacting the airways, asthma is best understood by imaging methods with the ability to elucidate airway impairment. Techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging with gaseous contrast agents, and positron emission tomography enable assessment of the small airways. Others, such as optical coherence tomography and endobronchial ultrasound enable high-resolution imaging of the large airways accessible to bronchoscopy. These imaging techniques are providing new insights in the pathophysiology and treatments of asthma and are poised to impact the clinical management of asthma.
Constraining nitrogen sources to a seagrass-dominated coastal embayment by using an isotope mass balance approach
Authors: Russell Douglas G. , Kessler Adam J. , Wong Wei Wen , Van Oevelen Dick , Cook Perran L. M. 
Published: February 2022

Nitrogen (N) is often the key nutrient limiting primary production in coastal waters. Quantifying sources and sinks of N is therefore critical to understanding the factors that underpin the productivity of coastal ecosystems. Constraining nitrogen inputs can be difficult for some terms such as N fixation and marine exchange as a consequence of uncertainties associated with scaling and stochasticity. To help overcome these issues, we undertook a N budget incorporating an isotope and mass balance to constrain N sources in a large oligotrophic coastal embayment (Western Port, Australia). The total N input to Western Port was calculated to be 1400 Mg N year−1, which is remarkably consistent with previous estimates of sedimentation rates within the system. Catchment inputs, N fixation, marine sources and atmospheric deposition comprised 44, 28, 28 and 13% of N inputs respectively. Retention of marine-derived N equated to ~3 and ~10% of total N and NOx flushed through the system from the marine end-member. The relatively high contribution of N fixation compared with previous studies was most likely to be due to the high proportion of nutrient-limited intertidal sediments where N is mediated by seagrasses and sediment cyanobacteria.
Chaperones Skp and SurA dynamically expand unfolded OmpX and synergistically disassemble oligomeric aggregates
Authors: Chamachi Neharika , Hartmann Andreas , Ma Mai Quynh , Svirina Anna , Krainer Georg , Schlierf Michael 
Published: February 2022

Significance
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are crucial for the survival of bacteria. The two chaperones 17-kilodalton protein (Skp) and survival factor A (SurA) play key roles in OMP maturation by keeping unfolded OMP proteins soluble in the periplasm. However, their functionalities are incompletely understood. Here, we establish connections between structural and energetic features employed by the two chaperones when interacting with unfolded OmpX. We find that expansion, accompanied with fast polypeptide chain reconfiguration, prevents unfolded OmpX from misfolding and aggregating. Moreover, chaperone interaction with unfolded OmpX is thermodynamically calibrated, allowing for a fine-tuned association of chaperones with OMPs in the adenosine triphosphate-depleted periplasm. We further discovered that Skp and SurA act together as disaggregases and are able to disassemble oligomeric OMP aggregates, revealing remarkable functionalities of this periplasmic chaperone system.
Conservation of chromatin conformation in carnivores
Authors: Corbo Marco , Damas Joana , Bursell Madeline G. , Lewin Harris A. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
We found the three-dimensional (3D) structure of chromatin at the chromosome level to be highly conserved for more than 50 million y of carnivore evolution. Intrachromosomal contacts were maintained even after chromosome rearrangements within carnivore lineages, demonstrating that the maintenance of 3D chromatin architecture is essential for conserved genome functions. These discoveries enabled the identification of orthologous chromosomal DNA segments among related species, a method we call 3D comparative scaffotyping. The method has application for putative chromosome assignment of chromosome-scale DNA sequence scaffolds produced by de novo genome sequencing. Broadly applied to biodiversity genome sequencing efforts, the approach can reduce costs associated with karyotyping and the physical mapping of DNA segments to chromosomes.
A position sensing method for 2D scanning mirrors
Authors: Ghazinouri Behrad , He Siyuan , Tai Trevor S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a cost-effective position sensing method for 2D scanning mirrors. The method uses only one 1D PSD (position sensitive detector) located at the backside of the 2D scanning mirror plate to retrieve the 2D rotation angle about the two axes separately in real time. Any 2D scanning mirror with resonant vibration about one axis and quasi-static vibration such as sinusoidal, saw tooth, triangular oscillation about the other axis can use this method. The two vibration axes are orthogonal to each other to form the scanning patterns, which are most desired in scanning 3D LiDAR systems. 3D scanning LiDAR is the targeted application for this research. The method uses timing measurement to measure the resonant vibration angle and Lagrange interpolation polynomial approximation to retrieve the quasi-static vibration angle. A prototype has been built to measure the 2D rotation angle of a 2D micromirror. The measured angle using the proposed method was verified using a 2D PSD. The largest errors for the vertical/horizontal angles were 9.6% and 5.36% respectively. The position sensing mechanism is also integrated to a scanning 2D micromirror based LiDAR system to demonstrate it as real time capability.
Single-layer metalens for achromatic focusing with wide field of view in the visible range
Authors: Luo Shilin , Zhang Fei , Lu Xinjian , Xie Ting , Pu Mingbo , Guo Yinghui , Wang Yanqin , Luo Xiangang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Metalenses have attracted extensive attention due to their capability of flexible wavefront manipulation by subwavelength nanostructures. However, the development of metalenses has been deeply limited by the field of view (FOV) and spectral bandwidth. Existing wide FOV and achromatic metalenses usually adopt cascaded metasurfaces to correct aberrations, resulting in inevitable challenges for nano-fabrication technologies. In this paper, we design a wide FOV metalens with a numerical aperture of 0.24 which can provide a diffraction-limited FOV for over 40° at three discrete wavelengths of 473 nm (blue), 532 nm (green), and 632.8 nm (red). The metalens involves only a single layer of metasurface integrated on a flat substrate to correct aberration. This method considerably simplifies the architectures compared with the cascaded metalenses and conventional bulky optical systems. In addition, an achromatic wide FOV metalens with an operating wavelength range from 492 to 592 nm is further designed to demonstrate the generality of the proposed method. The simulated results indicate that metalenses have a great achromatic and diffraction-limited focusing performance within a large incident angle region, which is expected to have promising applications in imaging, holography, machine vision, and other fields.
How effective is the Brink–Axel hypothesis for astrophysical weak rates?
Authors: Nabi Jameel-Un , Nayab Mazhar , Johnson Calvin W 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We explore the effectiveness of the Brink–Axel hypothesis (BAH) for the computation of stellar electron capture (EC) and β-decay (BD) rates, namely that the transition strength function depends only upon the transition energy and not upon the details of the initial state. For this purpose, we calculated Gamow–Teller (GT) strength distributions for a selection of sd-shell nuclides, using two different microscopic models, namely the proton–neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation and the full configuration-interaction shell model, taking into account the first 100 states of both the initial and final nuclides. The GT transition strengths among these levels evolve with initial state energy. These transition strength functions we folded into weak-interaction mediated rates in stellar matter, specifically EC and BD rates, for a range of densities 10 g cm−3 ⩽ ρ ⩽ 1011 g cm−3 and range of temperatures 1 GK ⩽ T ⩽ 30 GK. When transitions from excited states were approximated using the BAH, augmented by so-called ‘back-resonance’ transitions, the rates were affected by up to three orders of magnitude or more at high temperatures and densities. Thus the BAH is not a reliable approximation for the calculation of stellar rates, especially in high temperature–density environments.
Investigation of a kind of neutrino mass matrix
Authors: Huang Chao-Shang , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We carry out diagonalization of a kind of Majorana neutrino mass matrix

M
=

M

ν

M

ν

†

of which the real part and imaginary part are commutative. For the matrix M, it is shown in a model-independent way that δ = ±π/2, which implies the maximal strength of CP violation in neutrino oscillations and atmospherical mixing angle would be in the ranges, π/4 < θ
23 < 3π/4, or −3π/4 < θ
23 < −π/4. It is shown that the Hermitian Majorana neutrino mass matrix M has only five real parameters and furthermore, only one free real parameter (A or D) if using the measured values of three mixing angles and mass squared differences as inputs.
Towards modeling cluster structure of 8Be with chiral interaction
Authors: Fukui Tokuro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How the nuclear force behaves in cluster states, in particular those consisting of the α clusters, has been investigated so far, but not yet elucidated. Today the chiral effective field theory (EFT) is established and it would shed new light on the microscopic understanding of the cluster states. We aim to address a possible source of the attraction in the cluster states of 8Be in view of the pion exchange. Namely, we investigate whether the two-pion-exchange interaction acts as a dominant attraction in the α + α system as predicted by a previous work. We describe theoretically the cluster structure of 8Be by the Brink model, for which the effective interaction is designed from the realistic nuclear force derived through the chiral EFT. The two-body matrix elements of the chiral interaction with the local-Gaussian bases are formulated within the approximation of the spin–isospin saturation forming an α particle. Introducing a global prefactor to the chiral interaction phenomenologically, the ground and low-lying excited states of 8Be, the scattering phase shift of the α–α system as well, are satisfactorily depicted. The attraction in the cluster states is found to be stemming from the two-pion-exchange contributions dominantly, along with nonnegligible short-range terms. The present work can be the foundation towards constructing realistic cluster models, by which the cluster states will be revealed microscopically in the next step.
Modeling polarons in density functional theory: lessons learned from TiO2
Authors: Reticcioli Michele , Diebold Ulrike , Franchini Cesare 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is nowadays one of the most broadly used and successful techniques to study the properties of polarons and their effects in materials. Here, we systematically analyze the aspects of the theoretical calculations that are crucial to obtain reliable predictions in agreement with the experimental observations. We focus on rutile TiO2, a prototypical polaronic compound, and compare the formation of polarons on the (110) surface and subsurface atomic layers. As expected, the parameter U used to correct the electronic correlation in the DFT + U formalism affects the resulting charge localization, local structural distortions and electronic properties of polarons. Moreover, the polaron localization can be driven to different sites by strain: due to different local environments, surface and subsurface polarons show different responses to the applied strain, with impact on the relative energy stability. An accurate description of the properties of polarons is key to understand their impact on complex phenomena and applications: as an example, we show the effects of lattice strain on the interaction between polarons and CO adsorbates.