bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation study of fast ion losses associated with the rotating n = 1 resonant magnetic perturbations in KSTAR
Authors: Rhee Tongnyeol , Kim Junghee , Kim Kimin , Kang Jisung , Podestà Mario , Park Young-Seok , Park Byoung-Ho 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a simulation framework for testing the fast ion loss mechanism associated with the experimentally observed beam ion losses when an externally applied toroidally rotating perturbed magnetic field is used to control edge localized modes in the KSTAR tokamak. The simulations reproduce the key qualitative features of neutral beam injection (NBI) ion detection by a fast ion loss detector. The NBI ion losses in the simulation mainly occur for passing particles due to orbit stochastization, which is caused by orbit resonance with the 3D field perturbations. The relative toroidal angle of NBI ion deposition to the orbit island determines the radial path of the particles between confinement or loss. The fast ion loss quantity depends on the toroidal angle rotation of the 3D field with respect to the beam deposition position. The averaged transport of toroidal canonical angular momentum reveals that linear and nonlinear resonance of the NBI ions within the 3D field are the main factors determining fast ion transport and loss.
High precision scalable power converter for accelerator magnets
Authors: Haugen K.L. , Papastergiou K. , Asimakopoulos P. , Peftitsis D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lower conduction power losses and the positive temperature coefficient that favours parallel connections, make Silicon Carbide (SiC) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) to be an excellent replacement of existing Silicon Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) technology. These characteristics combined with high switching frequency operation, enables the design of high-accuracy DC-DC converters with minimised filtering requirements. This paper investigates the design for a converter with high-accuracy current (0.9 ppm) supplying a 0.05 H electromagnetic load, aiming to achieve the accuracy without the use of active filters, by using SiC MOSFETs and a scalable module-based converter design.
Recent results from the first lpGBT-based prototypes of the end-of-substructure card for the ATLAS Strip Tracker Upgrade
Authors: Boebel A. , Ceslik H. , Dam M. , Diez Cornell S. , Gregor I. , Goettlicher P. , Keaveney J. , Naidoo J. , Nikoi Van Der Merwe M. , Oechsle J. , Schmitt S. , Stanitzki M. , Ström R. , Wyngaard J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The building blocks of the upgraded ATLAS Strip Tracker for HL-LHC are modules that host silicon sensors and front-end ASICs. The modules are mounted on carbon-fibre substructures hosting up to 14 modules per side. An End-of-Substructure (EoS) card on each substructure side connects up to 28 differential data lines at 640 Mbit/s to lpGBT and VTRx+ ASICs that provide data serialisation and 10 Gbit/s optical data transmission to the off-detector systems respectively. Prototype EoS cards have been designed and extensively tested using lpGBT and VTRx+ prototypes. The status of the electronics design and recent test results are presented.
The neutron imaging system for inertial confinement fusion at the 100 kilo-Joule laser facility
Authors: Chen Z. , Zhang X. , Wang F. , Yu B. , Zheng J. , Huang T. , Dong Y. , Yang D. , Yang J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The neutron imaging system based on the penumbral aperture for the inertial confinement fusion research at the 100 kilo-Joule laser facility has been developed. The aperture has been designed with a geometric model and fabricated by machining one half double-tapered cylinder into each of two tungsten slabs. The aperture is mounted into a box which helps to precisely fix two slabs to form a biconic-shaped aperture. The neutron image recording system has been constructed with a capillary-array neutron image detector, and tested with the static accelerator neutron source. The spatial resolution of neutron image detector can be within 1.1 mm. The preliminary results of neutron imaging system in the exploding pusher target experiment at the 100 kilo-Joule laser facility have been presented.
8 b 10 MS/s differential SAR ADC in 28 nm CMOS for precise energy measurement
Authors: Kaczmarczyk P. , Kmon P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article an 8-bit differential Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), designed in the 28 nm CMOS process is presented. It is aimed at pixelated radiation imaging detectors. It allows to distinguish 256 levels of energy and is capable of converting 10 MS/s. The measured INL and DNL are ±0.5 LSB and ±0.3 LSB, respectively. Importantly, the proposed ADC’s comparator offset voltage correction is realized in a time domain allowing to shift the transfer characteristics within the 12 LSB range with no conversion rate degradation. The core of the ADC occupies only 30 µm × 60 µm and the power consumption is 45 µW.
Spectral tracking of energetic charged particles in wide field-of-view with miniaturized telescope MiniPIX Timepix3 1 × 2 stack
Authors: Granja C. , Jakubek J. , Soukup P. , Jakubek M. , Turecek D. , Marek L. , Oancea C. , Vuolo M. , Datkova M. , Zach V. , Stursa J. , Koprda M. , Pacik J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A highly integrated particle telescope is assembled from two MiniPIX Timepix3 detectors in stack configuration to provide time- and spectral-sensitive tracking of energetic charged particles. The telescope architecture, high granularity and per-pixel spectral response of the imaging detectors enable directional mapping of energetic charged particles in wide field-of-view (FoV) with high angular resolution (sub degree) without the need for collimators. The pixel detectors are operated in sync and readout each with separate USB 2.0 cable for integrated control and power supply. Timepix3 two per-pixel signal channels are operated in energy and time mode for detailed spectral- and time-registration of single events in each detector. Events are registered with time stamp resolution at tens of ns level between both detectors. Correlated events between both detector layers are resolved by correlated time stamp with a coincident time window <100 ns. The stack sync configuration allows to perform precise spectrometry (energy loss) and high-resolution tracking over the entire FoV. Particle-event classification is enhanced by spectral and tracking analysis of correlated events in both detectors. The sensors of the detectors can be of different semiconductor material or thickness for selective multiple energy loss ΔE1 + ΔE2 technique. Data products include detailed angular distributions of energetic charged particles with high angular resolution, time stamp, spectral response (energy loss, LET value) and enhanced particle-type resolving power of over 8 event classes. The directional response and angular resolution depend on the spacing gap between the tracker detectors. The resulting field-of-view, geometric factor and angular resolution are evaluated. Results are presented with proof-of-principle of the technique and evaluation of synchronized operation with 31 MeV protons.
Automated firmware generation and continuous testing for the CMS HGCAL trigger primitive generator
Authors: Beaujean F. , Romanteau T. , Sauvan J.-B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The prototype version of the trigger primitive generator firmware for the Phase-2 CMS endcap calorimeter upgrade is being implemented in order to assess the FPGA resource requirements and dimension the system. For the development of some of these blocks, a data-driven design flow based on VHDL and HLS C/C++ templates is used to automate the production of multiple firmware variants. In addition, the design steps are integrated into Gitlab Continuous Integration tools to automatically test and validate every change, and as much as possible avoid repetitive manual tasks and the associated errors.
Effects of loading and unloading control parameters on adhesive performance for biomimetic controllable adhesive with wedge-shaped microstructures
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Yang , Xie Zongwu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The adhesive performance of biomimetic controllable adhesive based on wedge-shaped microstructures is affected by some relevant control parameters in the process of loading and unloading. An appropriate selection of these control parameters is of great significance for its effective application. However, little research has concentratively and comprehensively explored these control parameters. In order to make up for the shortcoming, this study systematically explored the macroscopic adhesive performance of the self-developed wedge-shaped microstructures under different loading and unloading control parameters. The results show that preloading depth and tangential dragging distance have a positive effect on the adhesive performance, while preloading angle and peeling angle have a negative effect on the adhesive performance. Specifically, a low preloading angle can weaken the normal preloading force under the same preloading depth, thereby improving the preloading benefit; the application of tangential dragging distance can also induce the normal preloading force generated in the preloading stage to change the adhesion, so as to stimulate more adhesion. Based on the interactive analysis of these control parameters, it can be sure that applying a moderate normal preloading force and a larger tangential dragging distance to the wedge-shaped microstructures at low preloading angle not only makes the wedge-shaped microstructures possess better adhesive capacity, but also can obtain a good preloading benefit. In addition, the promotion effect of a low peeling angle on the adhesive performance also implies that a higher peeling angle should be used to realize the easy detachment of the adhesive interface. The first concentrative and comprehensive investigation of the relevant control parameters of wedge-shaped microstructures lays the foundation for designing a climbing robot or adhesive gripper based on the wedge-shaped microstructures, and also provides guidance for formulating the corresponding control strategies.
Tau-functions for the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy: the matrix-resolvent method
Authors: Cafasso Mattia , Yang Di 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We extend the matrix-resolvent method for computing logarithmic derivatives of tau-functions to the Ablowitz–Ladik hierarchy. In particular, we derive a formula for the generating series of the logarithmic derivatives of an arbitrary tau-function in terms of matrix resolvents. As an application, we provide a way of computing certain integrals over the unitary group.
The Acceptance of Primary Health Centre Information System Among Health Staff: An extended TAM Model
Authors: Ilmi Laili Rahmatul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ngaglik I Public Health Center in Sleman is one of the health centers that have already applied SIMPUS (an application of management information system for public health center). The implementation of clinical information systems could potentially improve the performance of health care facilities, save operational costs, and increase patient satisfaction. In fact, the clinical information systems applied by public health center vary. One of them is SIMPUS. However until present, there have not been any assessments of the acceptance of the clinical information system, especially SIMPUS, at Ngaglik I Public Health Center. To describe the use of SIMPUS at Ngaglik I Public Health Center and evaluate user understanding in accepting SIMPUS application based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This was a quantitative study which used a survey method and a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 50 respondents who were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data analysis technique was the SEM-PLS analysis with the TAM model and SmartPLS software. Statistically, the relationship between the Job Relevance and Perceived Ease of Use variables was weak (p-value = 0.818). There was a weak relationship between Output Quality and Perceived Ease of Use (p-value = 0.208). There was a strong relationship between Result Demonstrability and Perceived Ease of Use (0.000). There was a strong relationship between Result Demonstrability and Intention to Use (p-value = 0.011). There was a weak relationship between Screen Design and Intention to Use (p-value = 0.870). There was a weak relationship between Perceived Ease of Use and intention to use. Users’ job relevance to SIMPUS did not have any effect on perceived ease of use. Output quality did not have any effect on perceived ease of use. The screen design of SIMPUS display had no effect on intention to use. Intention to use did not affect system use. Intention to use did not affect system use. Facilitating condition did not have any effect on system use. System use was influenced by perceived ease of use and intention to use. Perceived ease of use and intention to use were influenced by result demonstrability.
Generation, dynamics and bifurcation of high power soliton beams in cubic-quintic nonlocal nonlinear media
Authors: Mishra Manoj , Kajala Sandeep Kumar , Sharma Mohit , Konar Swapan , Jana Soumendu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article presents the generation and propagation dynamics of a high power Gaussian soliton beam through a highly nonlocal nonlinear media having cubic-quintic nonlinearity. Solitons are also generated with lesser explored Hermite super-Gaussian, Hermite cosh-Gaussian and Hermite cosh-super-Gaussian beam profiles. The governing nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation yields matching solitons analytically using variational method as well as numerically using split-step Fourier method. Linear stability analysis identifies the parametric space for stability of the solitons against small perturbation. The variation of the system parameters leads to the bifurcation of the beam beyond a critical point. A parametric zone of bifurcation is identified. Some of the solitons are bistable too. The influence of quintic nonlinearity on generation, propagation and bifurcation is highlighted.
Effect of shock wave formation on propellant ignition in capillary discharge
Authors: ZHANG Jiangbo , GAO Hongxu , XIAO Fei , LIU Wei , LIANG Taixin , MA Zhongliang , WU Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to study the effect of shock wave formation on propellant ignition in capillary discharge, the shock wave formation process was analyzed using experimental and theoretical methods; the plasma jet temperature was measured, and closed bomb and 30 mm gun experiments were carried out. The results show that the first shock wave has a smaller value and larger range of influence, while the second shock wave has a larger value and smaller range of influence. A plasma jet can generate a shock wave at the nozzle according to the calculated plasma pressure and velocity, which is well confirmed by experiments and calculations. The plasma jet temperature is high during the formation of a shock wave and then decreases sharply. Plasma ignition can increase the burning rate of a propellant by about 30% by increasing the burning surface area of the propellant. Compared to conventional ignition, the average maximum chamber pressure and average muzzle velocity of plasma ignition are increased by 9.1 MPa and 29.3 m·s−1 (∼3%), respectively, in a 30 mm gun. Plasma ignition has strong ignition ability and short ignition delay time due to the generation of a shock wave. By increasing the burning rate of the propellant, the muzzle velocity can be greatly improved when the maximum chamber pressure increases a little. The characteristics of the shock wave can be applied in the application of the capillary discharge plasma. For example, it can be applied in fusion, launching and combustion.
Stabilization of ion-temperature-gradient mode by trapped fast ions
Authors: WANG Siqi , CAI Huishan , GAO Baofeng , LI Ding 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding and modeling fast-ion stabilization of ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) driven microturbulence have profound implications for designing and optimizing future fusion reactors. In this work, an analytic model is presented, which describes the effect of fast ions on ITG mode. This model is derived from a bounce-average gyro-kinetic equation for trapped fast ions and ballooning transformation for ITG mode. In addition to dilution, strong wave-fast-ion resonant interaction is involved in this model. Based on numerical calculations, the effects of the main physical parameters are studied. The increasing density of fast ions will strengthen the effects of fast ions. The effect of wave-particle resonance strongly depends on the temperature of fast ions. Furthermore, both increasing density gradient and the ratio of the temperature and density gradients can strengthen the stabilization of fast ions in ITG mode. Finally, the influence of resonance broadening of wave-particle interaction is discussed.
The Purposive Transformation of Corporate Law
Authors: Kershaw David , Schuster Edmund 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
What is the purpose of a corporation? This fundamental question is as old as corporate law itself, and traditionally it is asked with reference to the ultimate beneficiaries of a corporation’s activities. Modern management theory and the current technology-driven transformation of the economy, however, have breathed new life into the question about corporate purpose. Here, purpose is understood as an animated mission-purpose articulation of the reason for a corporation’s existence; an aspirational idea about its existence that has the capacity to bond internal and external stakeholders to the company, inspiring innovation, productivity, and customer loyalty. This understanding of corporate purpose offers a pathway to a more inclusive and interconnected form of modern capitalism.
This approach to purpose is now gaining regulatory traction. In December 2018, the United Kingdom’s “comply or explain” Corporate Governance Code adopted a provision which provides that “the board should establish the company’s purpose.” This Article takes the United Kingdom’s regulatory adoption of mission-purpose as a platform from which we can explore the economic and social benefits of purposeful companies and the legal and non-legal conditions that are necessary to support and nurture such companies. The Article argues that in the absence of purposeful shareholders corporate law must enable companies to construct a zone of insulation which protects its purpose—whatever it may be—from the pressures of immediate shareholder preferences which can compromise mission-purpose. It argues that in jurisdictions where law and market practice prevent the construction of such a zone of insulation, the economic and social benefits of purposeful companies will be unavailable, as mission-purpose disintegrates into the prosaic or a mere marketing device. This claim generates several theoretical and empirical objections, which the Article considers and rejects.
Climate shapes the seed germination niche of temperate flowering plants: a meta-analysis of European seed conservation data
Authors: Carta Angelino , Fernández-Pascual Eduardo , Gioria Margherita , Müller Jonas V , Rivière Stéphane , Rosbakh Sergey , Saatkamp Arne , Vandelook Filip , Mattana Efisio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Interactions between ecological factors and seed physiological responses during the establishment phase shape the distribution of plants. Yet, our understanding of the functions and evolution of early-life traits has been limited by the scarcity of large-scale datasets. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the germination niche of temperate plants is shaped by their climatic requirements and phylogenetic relatedness, using germination data sourced from a comprehensive seed conservation database of the European flora (ENSCOBASE).

Methods
We performed a phylogenetically informed Bayesian meta-analysis of primary data, considering 18 762 germination tests of 2418 species from laboratory experiments conducted across all European geographical regions. We tested for the interaction between species’ climatic requirements and germination responses to experimental conditions including temperature, alternating temperature, light and dormancy-breaking treatments, while accounting for between-study variation related to seed sources and seed lot physiological status.

Key Results
Climate was a strong predictor of germination responses. In warm and seasonally dry climates the seed germination niche includes a cold-cued germination response and an inhibition determined by alternating temperature regimes and cold stratification, while in climates with high temperature seasonality opposite responses can be observed. Germination responses to scarification and light were related to seed mass but not to climate. We also found a significant phylogenetic signal in the response of seeds to experimental conditions, providing evidence that the germination niche is phylogenetically constrained. Nevertheless, phylogenetically distant lineages exhibited common germination responses under similar climates.

Conclusion
This is the first quantitative meta-analysis of the germination niche at a continental scale. Our findings showed that the germination niches of European plants exhibit evolutionary convergence mediated by strong pressures at the macroclimatic level. In addition, our methodological approach highlighted how large datasets generated by conservation seed banking can be valuable sources to address questions in plant macroecology and evolution.
Improved method for preparation and purification of recombinant α-synuclein: high-mannose-type free N-glycan prepared from an edible bean (Vigna angulari, Azuki bean) inhibits α-synuclein aggregation
Authors: Kosaka Shota , Katsube Makoto , Maeda Megumi , Kimura Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid, which consists of α-synuclein (α-Syn). To screen compounds with amyloid aggregation inhibitory activity, an effective method for the preparation of α-Syn is a prerequisite. We established a simpler method for α-Syn preparation using freeze-thaw treatment of transformed Escherichia coli. Furthermore, we found that the high-mannose type free N-glycans could prevent α-Syn aggregation.
Individuals with larger head volume have better learning ability in wild chestnut thrushes
Authors: Lou Yingqiang , Zou Yuqi , Fang Yun , Swenson Jon E , Pape Møller Anders , Sun Yuehua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent comparative studies on fish and mammals have suggested that brain size is associated with cognitive ability, such as problem solving and self-control; larger-brained individuals are assumed to have better cognitive ability. However, it remains largely unexplored whether larger-brained birds perform better in learning and spatial memory tests. Here, we used two experiments (novel skill learning task and spatial memory task) to examine whether head volume (proxy for brain size) could predict the learning performance and spatial performance in wild chestnut thrushes (Turdus rubrocanus). First, we found that chestnut thrushes with larger head volume were more likely to learn the novel skill than individuals with smaller head volume. Second, individuals with larger head volume relative to their tarsus (relative head volume) learned the novel skill faster. Age, sex, and exploratory tendency of individuals were not related to learning performance or learning speed. Finally, head volume, relative head volume and age was not associated with spatial performance in the spatial memory tasks. Together, these findings provided empirical evidences for the relationship between head volume and the ability of novel skill learning, and also provide a non-invasive method for studying the relationship between cognitive ability and head volume in other bird species.