bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whose Rights? Domestic Workers Organizing in Massachusetts
Authors: Rosińska Anna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHousehold-based care work is a particular labor sector that presents challenges to organizing politically, including isolation and lack of coverage by labor laws. In the United States, domestic workers’ organizations have since the 1990s been led by immigrants of color, and in ten states they were successful at establishing state regulations on domestic work. This article examines the collective identity of these organizations against the background of the claims, frames, and alliances established in domestic workers’ activism at the state level, with a particular focus on the campaign for the Massachusetts Domestic Workers Bill of Rights. Based on interviews with organizers and other experts carried out in 2018–2020, I analyze the discrepancy between the demographics of the organizations led by immigrants of color, and the claims these organizations were making, which largely avoided making direct reference to the issue of immigration or race for strategic purposes.
Tanshinone IIA-Loaded Nanoparticle and Neural Stem Cell Therapy Enhances Recovery in a Pig Ischemic Stroke Model
Authors: Kaiser Erin E , Waters Elizabeth S , Yang Xueyuan , Fagan Madison M , Scheulin Kelly M , Sneed Sydney E , Cheek Savannah R , Jeon Julie Heejin , Shin Soo K , Kinder Holly A , Kumar Anil , Platt Simon R , Duberstein Kylee J , Park Hea Jin , Xie Jin , West Franklin D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (iNSCs) are a multimodal stroke therapeutic that possess neuroprotective, regenerative, and cell replacement capabilities post-ischemia. However, long-term engraftment and efficacy of iNSCs is limited by the cytotoxic microenvironment post-stroke. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a therapeutic that demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in rodent ischemic stroke models and stroke patients. Therefore, pretreatment with Tan IIA may create a microenvironment that is more conducive to the long-term survival of iNSCs. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Tan IIA drug-loaded nanoparticles (Tan IIA-NPs) to improve iNSC engraftment and efficacy, thus potentially leading to enhanced cellular, tissue, and functional recovery in a translational pig ischemic stroke model. Twenty-two pigs underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and were randomly assigned to a PBS + PBS, PBS + iNSC, or Tan IIA-NP + iNSC treatment group. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), modified Rankin Scale neurological evaluation, and immunohistochemistry were performed over a 12-week study period. Immunohistochemistry indicated pretreatment with Tan IIA-NPs increased iNSC survivability. Furthermore, Tan IIA-NPs increased iNSC neuronal differentiation and decreased iNSC reactive astrocyte differentiation. Tan IIA-NP + iNSC treatment enhanced endogenous neuroprotective and regenerative activities by decreasing the intracerebral cellular immune response, preserving endogenous neurons, and increasing neuroblast formation. MRI assessments revealed Tan IIA-NP + iNSC treatment reduced lesion volumes and midline shift. Tissue preservation and recovery corresponded with significant improvements in neurological recovery. This study demonstrated pretreatment with Tan IIA-NPs increased iNSC engraftment, enhanced cellular and tissue recovery, and improved neurological function in a translational pig stroke model.
The competition-democracy nexus unpacked—competition law, republican liberty, and democracy
Authors: Deutscher Elias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The proposition that competitive markets and competition law promote democracy constitutes a fundamental normative prior, if not a foundational myth, of US and EU competition law. This article purports to unpack this notion of a competition-democracy nexus. It argues that the idea of a competition-democracy nexus can only be explained by the normative commitment to a specific understanding of liberty: namely, the republican concept of liberty as non-domination. On this basis, the article makes three contributions. First, on a conceptual level, it is the first to pin down a clear and theoretically consistent answer to the question of how competition and competition law further democracy. Second, on a historical level it traces how iterations of the ideal of republican liberty and the associated notion of a competition-democracy nexus shaped competition law in the US and Europe and why both disappeared from our modern competition law landscape. The third contribution is practical. The article sheds light on how the ideal of republican liberty and the competition-democracy nexus can be operationalised through concrete competition law tools and how they could inform ongoing debates on the future of competition law in light of the current challenges posed by the rise of industry concentration notably in digital markets. A revival of the idea of a competition-democracy nexus, the article concludes, must not inevitably conflict with a consumer-oriented competition policy, but requires a radical rethink of the role of competition law.
Simultaneous Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Very Young Children Improves Adaptability and Social Skills: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Yun , Jia Huan , Gu Wenxi , Wang Zhaoyan , Zhang Zhihua , Xue Minbo , Li Jingjie , Shi Wentao , Jiang Linlin , Yang Lu , Sterkers Olivier , Wu Hao 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
To investigate the value of using the Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (GDDS) to predict developmental outcomes in very young children who undergo simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation.

Design:
In this prospective cohort study, a repeated-measures investigation was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. A total of 62 children receiving simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantations were enrolled from April 2017 to August 2018. They were divided into 2 groups depending on the operative age: “Infants” group (6 to 12 months, N = 38) or “Children” group (12 to 36 months, N = 24). Data on the surgical outcomes, auditory development, speech production, and developmental indicators were collected until 2 years after the initial fitting. The primary outcome measure was the GDDS, a neuropsychological development examination. Secondary outcomes included the following: complication rate, aided pure-tone average, Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, Categories of Auditory Performance-II, Meaningful Use of Speech Scale, Speech Intelligibility Rating, and the LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire.

Results:
The mean ages at implantation in infants and children groups were 9.2 ± 1.17 and 16.6 ± 3.60 months, respectively. Significant differences were found in the social skills (p = 0.001) and adaptability (p = 0.031) domains of GDDS. The younger the age of bilateral cochlear implants surgery, the higher developmental quotient of language, social skills, and adaptability the child could achieve after 2 years. The complication rates in the infants and children groups were 0% versus 2.1% (p = 0.57). There was no surgical complication in the infants group. In the children group, 1 case with enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Mondini malformation had a receiver-implant misplacement on the right side (2%, 1/48). In the two groups, auditory performance and speech production had improved similarly. In the infants group, social skills developmental quotient at baseline had a significant positive relationship with Meaningful Use of Speech Scale after 2 years.

Conclusions:
Simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantation in younger children improves adaptability and social skills. GDDS is a sensitive tool of evaluating short-term effect of bilateral cochlear implants in neuropsychological development and constitutes a reliable predictor of speech production for the very younger pediatric cochlear implant users.
HPV Test as Test of Cure After Conization for CIN2+: A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Bruhn Lærke Valsøe , Hyldig Nana , Schledermann Doris 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess if cytology can be omitted in the follow-up after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and if human papillomavirus (HPV) test can be used alone as test of cure (TOC) after stratifying for resection margins.

Material and Methods
In this retrospective register-based study, women who had a conization performed in Denmark between January 1 and December 31, 2013, were included. Histology, cytology, and HPV test results were obtained from The Danish Pathology Data Bank for a 3-year follow-up.

Results
A total of 5,174 women were included, of whom 6.1% (318/5,174) had histological residual/recurrent disease in the follow-up period. In the group with free margins, 2.6% (73/2,780) had residual/recurrent disease in contrast to 10.2% (245/2,394) in the group with involved margins. In the group with free resection margins and negative HPV test results, residual/recurrent disease was found in 0.5% (13/2,780) compared with 0.3% (9/2,780) in the group with negative HPV test results and normal cytology at 6 months′ follow-up. Based on margin status and HPV test result as follow-up, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 95.9%, 43.2%, 10.0%, and 99.4% respectively, and for combined testing (margin status, HPV, and cytology), 97.2%, 41.2%, 9.8%, and 99.6%, respectively.

Conclusions
Using the HPV test at the first post-treatment control as TOC for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse after stratifying for resection margins in cone resections yields an equally high sensitivity and negative predictive value as cotesting with cytology. We suggest that women with free resection margins return to the routine screening program after negative HPV test result as TOC at 6 months.
Weight Gain Among Treatment-Naïve Persons With HIV Receiving Dolutegravir in Kenya
Authors: Bourgi Kassem , Ofner Susan , Musick Beverly , Griffith Bradley , Diero Lameck , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Gupta Samir K. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Several recent studies have linked integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) with increased weight gain.

Setting:
The effects of sex on weight gain with dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) among treatment-naïve participants in a lower-income, sub-Saharan population with high rates of pre-ART underweight and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection are unknown.

Methods:
Our analysis included treatment-naïve participants in Kenya and starting their first treatment regimen between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2018. Participants were grouped into 2 cohorts based on the initial treatment regimen [DTG vs. nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)]. We modelled weight changes over time using a multivariable nonlinear mixed-effect model, with participant as a random effect. Logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between different variables with extreme increase in body mass index (≥10% increase).

Results:
Seventeen thousand forty-four participants met our inclusion criteria. Sixty-two percent of participants were women, 6% were receiving active TB therapy, and 97% were on NNRTI-based regimens. Participants starting DTG-based regimens were more likely to gain weight when compared with participants starting NNRTI-based regimens. Female participants starting DTG-based regimens experienced the highest weight gain compared with other participants (mean gain of 6.1 kgs at 18 months). Female participants receiving DTG-based regimens, along with participants with lower CD4 cell counts, underweight at baseline, and those receiving active TB therapy were also at higher risk for extreme body mass index increase.

Conclusions:
Our study in a lower-income sub-Saharan African population confirms higher weight gain with DTG-based regimens compared with traditional ART for treatment-naïve patients.
The Association Between Hypouricemia and Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Koto Ruriko , Sato Izumi , Kuwabara Masanari , Seki Tomotsugu , Kawakami Koji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between hypouricemia and cardiometabolic diseases, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and reduced kidney function, and to explore the sex-specific optimal range for serum uric acid (sUA) associated with the lowest risk for these diseases.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we identified individuals with sUA data between April 2018 and March 2019 and recorded the frequency of cardiometabolic comorbidities according to sUA. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for the overall population and after classifying by sex to assess the association between sUA and cardiometabolic comorbidities.

Results
Among 796,508 individuals, a J-shaped association was observed between the sUA level and cardiometabolic diseases in the overall population. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and reduced renal function in individuals with sUA ≤1.0 mg/dL compared with those with sUA ranging between 2.1 and 3.0 mg/dL were 1.38 (1.13–1.69), 1.52 (1.30–1.78), and 2.17 (1.47–3.20), respectively. A J-shaped association between sUA and hypertension was observed only in women. The optimal range of sUA associated with the lowest risk for hypertension was assumed to be <6 mg/dL in men and 1–4 mg/dL in women. A J-shaped association between the sUA and dyslipidemia and reduced renal function was observed in both men and women. The optimal range of sUA for dyslipidemia and reduced renal function was approximately 2–5 mg/dL in men and 1–4 mg/dL in women.

Conclusions
Excess and extremely low uric acid levels may be related to an increased cardiometabolic risk.
Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Mortality Among COVID-19 Positive Patients: Results of 3027 Operations and Procedures
Authors: Yilmaz Sumeyye , Sapci Ipek , Jia Xue , Argalious Maged , Taylor Mark A. , Ridgeway Beri M. , Haber Georges-Pascal , Steele Scott R. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
To investigate the predictors of postoperative mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–positive patients.

Background:
COVID-19–positive patients have more postoperative complications. Studies investigating the risk factors for postoperative mortality in COVID-19–positive patients are limited.

Methods:
COVID-19–positive patients who underwent surgeries/procedures in Cleveland Clinic between January 2020 and March 2021 were identified retrospectively. The primary outcome was postoperative/procedural 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, intensive care unit admission, and 30-day readmission.

Results:
A total of 2543 patients who underwent 3027 surgeries/procedures were included. Total 48.5% of the patients were male. The mean age was 57.8 (18.3) years. A total of 71.2% had at least 1 comorbidity. Total 78.7% of the cases were elective. The median operative time was 94 (47.0–162) minutes and mean length of stay was 6.43 (13.4) days. Postoperative/procedural mortality rate was 4.01%. Increased age [odds ratio (OR): 1.66, 95% CI, 1.4–1.98; P<0.001], being a current smoker [2.76, (1.3–5.82); P=0.008], presence of comorbidity [3.22, (1.03–10.03); P=0.043], emergency [6.35, (3.39–11.89); P<0.001] and urgent versus [1.78, (1.12–2.84); P=0.015] elective surgery, admission through the emergency department [15.97, (2.00–127.31); P=0.009], or inpatient service [32.28, (7.75–134.46); P<0.001] versus outpatients were associated with mortality in the multivariable analysis. Among all specialties, thoracic surgery [3.76, (1.66–8.53); P=0.002] had the highest association with mortality. Total 17.5% of the patients required intensive care unit admission with increased body mass index being a predictor [1.03, (1.01–1.05); P=0.005].

Conclusions:
COVID-19–positive patients have higher risk of postintervention mortality. Risk factors should be carefully evaluated before intervention. Further studies are needed to understand the impact of pandemic on long-term surgical/procedural outcomes.
Worldwide prevalence of DSM-5 eating disorders among young people
Authors: Silén Yasmina , Keski-Rahkonen Anna 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and other eating disorders) affect young people worldwide. This narrative review summarizes key studies conducted on the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) eating disorders among young people in 2013-22.

Recent findings
In Western settings, a substantial proportion of young people have reported an eating disorder. Overall, 5.5--17.9% of young women and 0.6–2.4% of young men have experienced a DSM-5 eating disorder by early adulthood. Lifetime DSM-5 anorexia nervosa was reported by 0.8–6.3% of women and 0.1–0.3% of men, bulimia nervosa by 0.8–2.6% of women and 0.1–0.2% of men, binge eating disorder by 0.6–6.1% of women and 0.3–0.7% of men, other specified feeding or eating disorders by 0.6–11.5% of women and 0.2–0.3% of men, and unspecified feeding or eating disorders 0.2–4.7% of women and 0–1.6% of men. Gender and sexual minorities were at particularly high risk. Emerging studies from Eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America show similar high prevalences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of eating disorders has still increased.

Summary
Eating disorders are a global health concern among young people. Improved detection, management, and prevention methods are urgently needed.
The naturalistic approach to laughter in humans and other animals: towards a unified theory
Authors: Palagi Elisabetta , Caruana Fausto , de Waal Frans B. M. 
Published: September 2022

This opinion piece aims to tackle the biological, psychological, neural and cultural underpinnings of laughter from a naturalistic and evolutionary perspective. A naturalistic account of laughter requires the revaluation of two dogmas of a longstanding philosophical tradition, that is, the quintessential link between laughter and humour, and the uniquely human nature of this behaviour. In the spirit of Provine's and Panksepp's seminal studies, who firstly argued against the anti-naturalistic dogmas, here we review compelling evidence that (i) laughter is first and foremost a social behaviour aimed at regulating social relationships, easing social tensions and establishing social bonds, and that (ii) homologue and homoplasic behaviours of laughter exist in primates and rodents, who also share with humans the same underpinning neural circuitry. We make a case for the hypothesis that the contagiousness of laughter and its pervasive social infectiousness in everyday social interactions is mediated by a specific mirror mechanism. Finally, we argue that a naturalistic account of laughter should not be intended as an outright rejection of classic theories; rather, in the last part of the piece we argue that our perspective is potentially able to integrate previous viewpoints—including classic philosophical theories—ultimately providing a unified evolutionary explanation of laughter.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience’.
Robert Provine: the critical human importance of laughter, connections and contagion
Authors: Scott Sophie K. , Cai Ceci Qing , Billing Addison 
Published: September 2022

Robert Provine made several critically important contributions to science, and in this paper, we will elaborate some of his research into laughter and behavioural contagion. To do this, we will employ Provine's observational methods and use a recorded example of naturalistic laughter to frame our discussion of Provine's work. The laughter is from a cricket commentary broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation in 1991, in which Jonathan Agnew and Brian Johnston attempted to summarize that day's play, at one point becoming overwhelmed by laughter. We will use this laughter to demonstrate some of Provine's key points about laughter and contagious behaviour, and we will finish with some observations about the importance and implications of the differences between humans and other mammals in their use of contagious laughter.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience’.
The web of laughter: frontal and limbic projections of the anterior cingulate cortex revealed by cortico-cortical evoked potential from sites eliciting laughter
Authors: Zauli F. M. , Del Vecchio M. , Russo S. , Mariani V. , Pelliccia V. , d'Orio P. , Sartori I. , Avanzini P. , Caruana F. 
Published: September 2022

According to an evolutionist approach, laughter is a multifaceted behaviour affecting social, emotional, motor and speech functions. Albeit previous studies have suggested that high-frequency electrical stimulation (HF-ES) of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) may induce bursts of laughter—suggesting a crucial contribution of this region to the cortical control of this behaviour—the complex nature of laughter implies that outward connections from the pACC may reach and affect a complex network of frontal and limbic regions. Here, we studied the effective connectivity of the pACC by analysing the cortico-cortical evoked potentials elicited by single-pulse electrical stimulation of pACC sites whose HF-ES elicited laughter in 12 patients. Once these regions were identified, we studied their clinical response to HF-ES, to reveal the specific functional target of pACC representation of laughter. Results reveal that the neural representation of laughter in the pACC interacts with several frontal and limbic regions, including cingulate, orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal and anterior insular regions—involved in interoception, emotion, social reward and motor behaviour. These results offer neuroscientific support to the evolutionist approach to laughter, providing a possible mechanistic explanation of the interplay between this behaviour and emotion regulation, speech production and social interactions.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience’.
Degenerate pathway for processing smile and other emotional expressions in congenital facial palsy: an hdEEG investigation
Authors: Sessa Paola , Schiano Lomoriello Arianna , Duma Gian Marco , Mento Giovanni , De Stefani Elisa , Ferrari Pier Francesco 
Published: September 2022

Influential theoretical models argue that an internal simulation mechanism (motor or sensorimotor simulation) supports the recognition of facial expressions. However, despite numerous converging sources of evidence, recent studies testing patients with congenital facial palsy (i.e. Moebius syndrome) seem to refute these theoretical models. However, these results do not consider the principles of neuroplasticity and degeneracy that could support the involvement of an alternative neural processing pathway in these patients. In the present study, we tested healthy participants and participants with Moebius syndrome in a highly sensitive facial expression discrimination task and concomitant high-density electroencephalographic recording. The results, both at the scalp and source levels, indicate the activation of two different pathways of facial expression processing in healthy participants and participants with Moebius syndrome, compatible, respectively, with a dorsal pathway that includes premotor areas and a ventral pathway. Therefore, these results support the reactivation of sensorimotor representations of facial expressions (i.e. simulation) in healthy subjects, in the place of an alternative processing pathway in subjects with congenital facial palsy.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Cracking the laugh code: laughter through the lens of biology, psychology and neuroscience’.