bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of matrix ablation with silver nitrate in the treatment of ingrown toenails. A single‐center case‐control study
Authors: Delgado‐Miguel Carlos , Muñoz‐Serrano Antonio J. , Moratilla Lucas , Sarmiento María del Carmen , Miguel‐Ferrero Miriam , Martínez Leopoldo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPartial onychectomy with chemical matrixectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for stage II‐III ingrown toenails (IT). However, there are scarce reports describing the use of silver nitrate in IT management in adolescents. Our aim is to analyze the effectiveness of matrix ablation with silver nitrate and compare it with partial onychectomy by electrocautery.MethodsA retrospective study of adolescent patients with stage II‐III IT was performed. Those who underwent electrocautery matricectomy in a major outpatient surgical center (Group A) and those who were treated with silver nitrate at an outpatient clinic (Group B) were compared. Efficacy was determined by recurrence and postoperative infection rates.ResultsTwo hundred and nine patients were included (86 group A; 123 group B), with a total of 382 partial onychectomies (151 group A; 231 group B). Group B patients exhibited a lower recurrence rate (4.7%) when compared to group A (11.2%, p = .02), and had a lower postoperative infection rate (4.0% group A vs. 1.7% group B; p = .18), although not statistically significant.ConclusionSilver nitrate chemical matricectomy after partial onychectomy is an effective treatment for IT in adolescents, with few postoperative complications and low recurrence rate. Therefore, it should be considered as a possible alternative to electrocautery matricectomy.
Etiological analysis of discarded measles in the context of a measles outbreak among a highly immunized population
Authors: Torner Nuria , Mercader Sara , Dominguez Angela , Martinez Ana , Costa Josep , Sowers Sun B. , Abernathy Emily S. , Bellini William J. , Hickman Carol J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMeasles can lead to serious complications and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study we aimed to assess the etiological diagnosis of discarded measles cases in the context of an outbreak among a highly immunized population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of discarded measles cases from an outbreak that occurred from October 2006 to July 2007 in Catalonia. A confirmed case was defined as having a positive measles serum IgM result and/or a positive result by RT‐PCR in urine and/or nasopharyngeal swab; or an epidemiological link to a confirmed case. Serum specimens were tested by a commercially available indirect‐format and by an in‐house capture‐format measles IgM enzyme immunoassays.ResultsTesting of 89 samples discarded for measles determined the etiologies for 10 (11.2%), including one rubella, three human herpes virus 6, and six measles infections. Of 381 confirmed cases in the outbreak, 10% had received at least one dose of the measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccine versus 54% of the discarded for measles (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.14; p < 0.001).ConclusionsHighly sensitive surveillance systems are critical to identifying cases, responding to outbreaks and verifying progress towards measles elimination. Molecular tools for measles detection and differential diagnosis, and collection of appropriate specimens for molecular and serological testing are essential to correctly diagnose suspected measles infection.
A postulated model for photoimmunopathogenesis of chronic actinic dermatitis around adaptive immunity, including Th17 cells, Tregs, TRMs, cytotoxic T cells, and/or common‐γ chain receptor+ cells
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hwan , Kim Ho‐Jin , Yoo Dong‐Wha , Park Kyung‐Deok , Kwon Hyeok‐Jin , Seo Jung‐Wan , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Yoon Jung‐Ho , Seong Seol‐Hwa , Jang Min‐Soo , Kim Ki‐Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe pathogenesis of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) is more complicated than other photodermatoses. However, the relationship between the clinical severity of CAD and the offending photocontact or contact allergens or both, and the correlations of CAD immunopathogenesis with the immunoregulatory molecules involved in adaptive immunity are yet to be investigated.MethodsWe performed phototesting with broad‐spectrum ultraviolet (UV) B, UVA, and visible light to establish the presence of photosensitivity in 121 patients with CAD, together with photopatch and contact patch testing. Nine patients with CAD were selected according to their clinical severity score for CAD (CSS‐CAD), and triple direct immunofluorescence analysis was performed with paraffin‐embedded skin biopsy samples.ResultsAs CSS‐CAD was closely correlated with the multiplicity of photo(contact) allergens, particularly photoallergens, three or more photoallergens were detected in the severe CAD group (52.5%); less in the moderate group (32.8%); and only one in the mild group (14.8%; P = .025). In the groups showing greater severity of disease, the absolute numbers of IFN‐γ+, IL‐17+, CD4+, CD8+, common‐γ chain receptor (common‐γCR)+, and CD69+ tissue‐resident memory cells increased on average; there was also an increase in the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, with the more severely affected groups. However, the levels of TNF‐α+ and FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the mean IL‐17/IFN‐γ cell ratio decreased in the more severely affected CSS‐CAD subgroups.ConclusionsBased on the clinical analysis and immunopathogenic results, avoidance of excessive sun exposure, and topical and systemic blocking agents for photo(contact) allergens are recommended. Additionally, conventional immunomodulators and emerging agents including JAK–STAT inhibitors may be administered for CAD treatment in the future.
Water stress: Opportunities for supply chain research
Authors: Cole Dustin , Narayanan Sriram , Connors Elizabeth , Tewari Meenu , Onda Kyle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDriven by climate change and overuse, water stress is a worsening sustainability concern that threatens businesses and communities across the globe. Leading global organizations such as the United Nations have expressed an urgent need for sustainable water management strategies across nations and economies. Yet, the field of supply chain management does not have a substantial research stream related to water. A key challenge is the lack of a persuasive organizing framework within this setting. This study presents a systematic literature review of water stress from a supply chain perspective. Literature spanning over two decades across an array of journals is synthesized into an overarching framework that organizes topics related to water. Challenges firms face due to operational and contextual water risks are presented. Based on the proposed framework, research gaps for further exploration of the relationship between supply chains and water stress are suggested.
Temporal cell wall changes during cold acclimation and deacclimation and their potential involvement in freezing tolerance and growth
Authors: Kutsuno Tatsuya , Chowhan Sushan , Kotake Toshihisa , Takahashi Daisuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlants adapt to freezing stress through cold acclimation, which is induced by nonfreezing low temperatures and accompanied by growth arrest. A later increase in temperature after cold acclimation leads to rapid loss of freezing tolerance and growth resumption, a process called deacclimation. Appropriate regulation of the trade‐off between freezing tolerance and growth is necessary for efficient plant development in a changing environment. The cell wall, which mainly consists of polysaccharide polymers, is involved in both freezing tolerance and growth. Still, it is unclear how the balance between freezing tolerance and growth is affected during cold acclimation and deacclimation by the changes in cell wall structure and what role is played by its monosaccharide composition. Therefore, to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling freezing tolerance and growth during cold acclimation and deacclimation, we investigated cell wall changes in detail by sequential fractionation and monosaccharide composition analysis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, for which a plethora of information and mutant lines are available. We found that arabinogalactan proteins and pectic galactan changed in close coordination with changes in freezing tolerance and growth during cold acclimation and deacclimation. On the other hand, arabinan and xyloglucan did not return to nonacclimation levels after deacclimation but stabilized at cold acclimation levels. This indicates that deacclimation does not completely restore cell wall composition to the nonacclimated state but rather changes it to a specific novel composition that is probably a consequence of the loss of freezing tolerance and provides conditions for growth resumption.
Theorizing surveillance and social spacingthroughfootball: The fan‐opticon and beyond
Authors: Turner Mark , Lee Ludvigsen Jan Andre 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article critically examines the temporal mobilizations of a 25‐year football supporter social movement against the all‐seating (stadia) legislation in England and Wales, to unpack, and advance, (neo‐)Foucauldian panoptic theorizations of surveillance power and counter‐power. Drawing upon prior empirically informed analysis of this movement; ‘Safe Standing’, the article interrogates new policy‐based outcomes, including the early adoption of ‘licensed (Safe) Standing’ technology in 2022, to argue, that whilst publicly framed as a movement victory, it simultaneously serves to prefigure a new regulatory regime in football; one which extends the regulation and surveillance of fans within the wider social and corporatelifeworld. Introducing our new concept; the ‘fan‐opticon’, the article discusses how Safe Standing continues to normalize a momentum of surveillance in sport and highlights the contradictory nature of security‐related projects in the twenty‐first century. We conclude that the governmentality of the state through football, to be characteristic of temporally sensitive hermeneutic struggles of power and resistance, through the discipline, and self‐discipline of social actors. New forms of subjectivity are remoulded in ways which extend the power of surveillance and regulation, despite multiple counter‐conduct, and discursive, resistance practices.
To stand in line and fit in—About military men's (un)reflected navigation in the armed forces
Authors: Linehagen Frida , Wester Misse 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to investigate how the everyday experience of being a man in a male‐dominated organization and what navigating the organization is like. The study builds on 15 interviews with men of various ages and ranks in the Swedish Armed Forces. The findings revealed three major themes that illustrate how men, and their actions, contribute to producing and re‐producing gendered norms. First, the ideal military person is seen to have characteristics that are predominantly male and even though respondents only identify with these characteristics to some extent, the typical male ideal is still prevalent within the Armed Forces. Second, this image is reproduced by an uncritical stance towards the internal workings of the organization, relating to career paths and their reliance of traditional gendered roles. Third, the Armed Forces encounter resistance to gender equality work from within the military organization, in both action and inactions. We suggest this is due to a resistance to change and that work with gender equality is minimized to a shadow task that lacks committed men. We conclude that men's reality seems both obvious and unreflected, and these structures are upheld within the Armed Forces.
Validating the use of student‐level instruments to examine preservice teachers' mathematical problem solving
Authors: Folger Timothy D. , Stewart Maria , Bostic Jonathan , May Toni A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProblem solving is a central focus of mathematics teaching and learning. If teachers are expected to support students' problem‐solving development, then it reasons that teachers should also be able to solve problems aligned to grade level content standards. The purpose of this validation study is twofold: (1) to present evidence supporting the use of the Problem Solving Measures Grades 3–5 with preservice teachers (PSTs), and (2) to examine PSTs' abilities to solve problems aligned to grades 3–5 academic content standards. This study used Rasch measurement techniques to support psychometric analysis of the Problem Solving Measures when used with PSTs. Results indicate the Problem Solving Measures are appropriate for use with PSTs, and PSTs' performance on the Problem Solving Measures differed between first‐year PSTs and end‐of‐program PSTs. Implications include program evaluation and the potential benefits of using K‐12 student‐level assessments as measures of PSTs' content knowledge.
Semantic integration of OpenStreetMap and CityGML with formal concept analysis
Authors: Ahmadian Somayeh , Pahlavani Parham 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVolunteered geographic information (VGI) provides geometric and descriptive sources of geospatial data. VGI exchange, reuse, and integration are serious challenges due to the subjective contribution process, lack of organization, and redundancy. This study aims to enhance the quality of VGI semantic data by presenting a new approach to integrating and formalizing the VGI semantic knowledge using formal concept analysis. The proposed approach is assessed using the building tags in OpenStreetMap (OSM) and CityGML. The alignment process discovers the conceptual overlap between the categories of Amenity (Others), Office, and Man‐Made in Map Features (OSM) and Business and Trade, Recreation, Sport, and Industry in AbstractBuilding (CityGML). The k‐means clustering of the results illustrated that class, usage/function, address, wheelchair, and website/wikidata/wikipedia are significant attributes to describe building categories. Moreover, results showed that the analysis of frequent itemsets and cluster characteristics provides significant information about custom tags in OSM's editing tools.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Friction During Viscous Flow Across Banks of Tubes
Authors: Omohundro G. A. , Bergelin O. P. , Colburn A. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A co-operative program is in progress for the study of fluid friction and heat transfer in idealized models and in commercial tubular heat exchangers over a wide range of variables and under standardized conditions of equipment and technique. Suitable equipment for rapid and accurate testing of the models is described. Heat-transfer coefficients during cooling, and pressure-drop data during both isothermal and cooling runs are reported for low velocities chiefly in the region of viscous flow over an unbaffled tube bank. The data are plotted in ways previously used in the literature with fair agreement in most cases. It is expected, however, that when data for widely different conditions have been obtained, other methods of correlation may prove more suitable.
Motion Analysis of Several Intermittent Variable-Speed Mechanisms: Featuring Zero or Near-Zero Acceleration and Deceleration Conditions at Start and at End of Motion of Output Shaft
Authors: Talbourdet G. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a description and analysis of several intermittent variable-speed devices in which former difficulties have been overcome. These changes have proved valuable in the design of turret-indexing mechanisms and in many other applications.
Truck Riding Comfort
Authors: Nystrom K. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The author feels that in creating luxurious passenger cars, economical limits have been exceeded by introducing costly, complicated, and over-engineered appurtenances. The same criticism applies to truck design. Excessive weight and complications militate against long life of truck and track, and maintenance costs are high. He analyzes the components of the truck and points out where improvements can be made, finally suggesting the characteristics of the passenger-car truck of the future.
Improved Techniques in the Study of Engine Firing Orders Using the Vectorscope
Authors: Dashefsky G. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The state of dynamic balance of an engine and the magnitude of minor orders of torsional vibration are greatly influenced by the firing sequence of the cylinders. Investigation of this problem requires the evaluation of large numbers of vector diagrams and is therefore adaptable to the use of the Vectorscope. This mathematical instrument automatically and rapidly adds vector quantities with about the same accuracy as a good graphical summation. The principle and operation of the Vectorscope and its application to the solution of various vector problems were given in an earlier paper. The present paper deals specifically with techniques involved in applying the Vectorscope to the study of firing orders. Methods are indicated whereby large numbers of firing orders may be examined expediently and rapidly.
Distribution of Heat Generated in Drilling
Authors: Schmidt A. O. , Roubik J. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The object of this investigation was to determine the amount of heat which goes into the workpiece, chips, and drill at different cutting speeds and feeds. A tubular test bar of extruded Dowmetal was used as the workpiece, thus making the cutting action of the drill similar to that of a single-point tool. The total heat, the heat in the chips, and the heat in the drill were measured separately in a calorimeter.
Two-Species Laminated Beams
Authors: Dietz A. G. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper sets forth the simple theory of two-species wooden beams incorporating high-strength heavy outer laminations or “flanges,” together with low-strength lighter cores into glued laminated members having high strength and high stiffness. Expressions for transformed section, ratio of core depth to over-all depth, and shear at the neutral axis are derived. A few beams made of Douglas-fir outer laminations, and No. 1 or No. 2 common eastern-spruce cores were tested and their strength properties determined. Their performance coincided quite well with that predicted by the theory. A “form factor” similar to that for wooden I-beams may be involved.
Influence of Steel Hardness in Face-Milling
Authors: Armitage J. B. , Schmidt A. O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Face-milling tests are reported on seven different kinds of steels for power consumption and tool life at hardnesses of approximately 200, 300, and 400 Bhn. At any given hardness power requirements varied but little, but differences in tool life were considerably greater. Machining the workpiece at an elevated temperature was found to decrease the power required and permit good cutter life. When tool-life or production tests are not available, the hardness of steel can be taken as a guide in choosing preliminary values of cutting speed and feed.
A Reconsideration of Deformation Theories of Plasticity
Authors: Drucker D. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Deformation theories of plasticity for strain-hardening materials are defined as those which postulate that the components of elastic and permanent strain are completely determined by the existing components of stress. The assumption is made that there is some criterion, in terms of stress, for loading or increase in plastic deformation. A common supposition of this nature is that the permanent strain will increase when the octahedral shearing stress increases.
It is shown that no matter what the loading criterion these deformation theories of plasticity lead to the unacceptable conclusion that large (finite) changes in the components of permanent strain may accompany infinitesimal increases in loading despite strain hardening. Simple illustrations are given and it is demonstrated that an incremental, or so-called flow theory eliminates this undesirable feature.
Calibration of Eccentric and Segmental Orifices in 4 and 6-In. Pipe Lines
Authors: Beitler S. R. , Masson D. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This is a preliminary report of a Subcommittee on Eccentric and Segmental Orifices of the Special Research Committee on Fluid Meters on the Calibration of Eccentric and Segmental Orifices. It describes the method used in calibrating orifices in 4 and 6-in. pipe lines and gives the results of the calibration which are available at this time. This program is only in its early stage and as a result, about 50 per cent of the work has been done.
Reaction Tests of Turbine Nozzles for Supersonic Velocities
Authors: Keenan J. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A machine for testing turbine nozzles by the reaction method, which was described in a previous paper, was used to test a series of convergent-divergent turbine nozzles. The results of these tests, along with the test of a convergent turbine nozzle, are compared with each other and with analytical values. Two kinds of analytical values are employed, namely, the usual values obtained from an assumed isentropic expansion from inlet state to exhaust pressure, and the values obtained from the assumption that the processes in the nozzle are isentropic except for a normal shock which takes up a position in the nozzle such as to cause the stream to fill the exit area at the exhaust pressure whenever possible. This latter kind of analytical value involves no shock when the exit area can be filled at the exhaust pressure by means of isentropic processes only, or when the exhaust pressure is lowered so far that the shock has passed out of the passage. The agreement of the test results with the calculated results of this latter kind is good, and the disagreement which exists can be attributed largely to separation at the shock and to transmission of exhaust-pressure effects upstream through the boundary layer.
Modern Control Dynamics and Stability Criteria as Applied to Gyroscopic Speed Detectors With Hydraulic Drive
Authors: Feiss Rene 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A gyroscopic speed detector is described and its application to the speed control of a steam or gas turbine is discussed. A frequency-response method of analysis of regulatory systems, involving the use of Nyquist’s criteria, is presented and applied to the analysis of the stability of the turbine-speed regulatory system. The results obtained are compared with results from the classical approach, involving the solution of the characteristic equation of motion of the system.
General Motors Two-Cycle Diesel Engines for Ordnance Vehicles
Authors: Shoemaker F. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the war General Motors supplied a large number of Diesel engines of its prewar automotive type for use in tanks, tractors, and other ordnance vehicles for both the United States and the British Armed Forces. At the same time a number of experimental engines and installations were made as a part of the forward-looking program of the Ordnance Department. These various engines are described briefly and a number of the engineering problems are discussed in some detail as an indication of the nature and magnitude of such industry-ordnance co-operative programs.