bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple approaches to characterising multiple long‐term conditions (multimorbidity) and rates of emergency hospital admission: Findings from 495,465 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Dodds Richard M. , Bunn Jonathan G. , Hillman Susan J. , Granic Antoneta , Murray James , Witham Miles D. , Robinson Sian M. , Cooper Rachel , Sayer Avan A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNumerous approaches are used to characterise multiple long‐term conditions (MLTC), including counts and indices. Few studies have compared approaches within the same dataset. We aimed to characterise MLTC using simple approaches, and compare their prevalence estimates of MLTC and associations with emergency hospital admission in the UK Biobank.MethodsWe used baseline data from 495,465 participants (age 38–73 years) to characterise MLTC using four approaches: Charlson index (CI), Byles index (BI), count of 43 conditions (CC) and count of body systems affected (BC). We defined MLTC as more than two conditions using CI, BI and CC, and more than two body systems using BC. We categorised scores (incorporating weightings for the indices) from each approach as 0, 1, 2 and 3+. We used linked hospital episode statistics and performed survival analyses to test associations with an endpoint of emergency hospital admission or death over 5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of MLTC was 44% (BC), 33% (CC), 6% (BI) and 2% (CI). Higher scores using all approaches were associated with greater outcome rates independent of sex and age group. For example, using CC, compared with score 0, score 2 had 1.95 (95% CI: 1.91, 1.99) and a score of 3+ had 3.12 (95% CI: 3.06, 3.18) times greater outcome rates. The discriminant value of all approaches was modest (C‐statistics 0.60–0.63).ConclusionsThe counts classified a greater proportion as having MLTC than the indices, highlighting that prevalence estimates of MLTC vary depending on the approach. All approaches had strong statistical associations with emergency hospital admission but a modest ability to identify individuals at risk.
Investigating the positive effects of wrap‐around resting on the qualities of semi‐dried noodles through the quantitative analysis of gluten network
Authors: Shi Yanan , Li Xue , Qi Yajing , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Cui Shirong , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the dough sheet wrap‐around was employed to assist the resting process of the semi‐dried noodles comparatively with dough crumbs resting and common dough sheet resting. The gluten network quantitative analysis was carried out to investigate the positive impacts of dough sheet wrap‐around resting in semi‐dried noodles production. The results showed that the dough sheet wrap‐around resting improved the color, surface smoothness, cooking qualities, and eating qualities of semi‐dried noodles. Dough sheet wrap‐around resting for 30 min significantly (p < 0.05) increased the surface smoothness and chewiness by 47.08% and 44.35%, respectively. Furthermore, increased extensibility in the transverse direction of dough sheets generated superior processing properties. The average protein length and width of dough sheets experienced a considerable (p < 0.05) reduction. In contrast, the branching rate was markedly (p < 0.05) augmented, which meant the distribution of gluten network was more uniform and denser. The total protein length and the number of protein network lines both significantly (p < 0.05) increased. The number of transverse protein network lines increased by 28.70%, which was much higher than that (5.77%) of the longitudinal direction. Conclusively, at the optimal dough sheet wrap‐around time of 30 min, the higher‐quality semi‐dried noodles were produced by enhancing the gluten network.
Evidence for impact shock and regolith transportation on CM, CI, and CV chondrite parent asteroids
Authors: Zolensky Michael , Mikouchi Takashi , Hagiya Kenji , Ohsumi Kazumasa , Komatsu Mutsumi , Cheng Andrew , Le Loan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe explore impact shock processing of the regolith of parent asteroids of carbonaceous chondrites, which has not been considered a major process for hydrous carbonaceous chondrites. We describe shock‐produced minerals and features found in brecciated CI, CM, and CV chondrites, including agglutinates, a glassy melt pod, a shock melt vein, and melted sulfides. We also reexamine cognate clasts present in the Vigarano CV3 chondrites which appear to derive from asteroid ponds and exhibit cross‐bedded dish structures.
Vertical alignment optimization of mountain railways with terrain‐driven greedy algorithm improved by Monte Carlo tree search
Authors: Zhang Hong , Song Taoran , Schonfeld Paul , Pu Hao , Li Wei , Hu Jianping , Liu Linya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVertical alignment design is an important process for railway construction which fundamentally affects the infrastructure investment cost. Determining an optimized vertical alignment is a challenging task since the objective function is non‐linear, non‐differentiable, and quite unsmooth. Great efforts have been invested in solving the vertical alignment optimization problem and many methods have been proposed. However, for vertical alignment designs in complex mountainous regions, the terrain conditions impose great difficulties and, hence, many bridges and tunnels are generally required. Thus, reasonably locating bridges and tunnels along the entire alignment (EA) is a major concern that deserves further investigations. To solve this problem, this study develops a terrain‐driven greedy algorithm improved by Monte Carlo tree search (T‐GRA‐MCTS). A terrain‐driven method is proposed to determine the number and longitudinal distribution of vertical points of intersection (VPIs). In order to trade off the local section of an alignment versus the EA when optimizing each VPI along the alignment to locate bridges and tunnels reasonably, an MCTS is employed and integrated with a GRA. The basic MCTS is modified for vertical alignment optimization with a novel equation for computing the upper confidence bounds for trees and a customized termination criterion is provided. A real‐world railway case is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the T‐GRA‐MCTS performs better than a greedy search method without MCTS or a widely used nature‐inspired algorithm (i.e., a particle swarm optimization). Moreover, it can find a less expensive solution than the one designed by experienced human engineers.
Otomycosis: The foremost aetiological agent causing otitis externa and the antifungal susceptibility pattern in North‐Western Iran
Authors: Roohi Behrad , Nemati Shadman , Alipour Abbas , Faeli Leila , Mayahi Sabah , Haghani Iman , Shalchizadeh Makan , Darini Ali , Al‐Hatmi Abdullah M. S. , Abastabar Mahdi , Shokohi Tahereh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOtomycosis is considered a recurring fungal ear infection. The external auditory canal provides an appropriate and optimal situation for fungal growth.ObjectivesThe study aimed to identify the causative agents of otomycosis and determine corresponding antifungal drug susceptibility patterns in north‐western Iran.MethodsFrom October 2020 until November 2021, 200 patients attended an otolaryngology referral centre with otitis externa, and their ear discharge and debris were examined and cultured. The identification of the fungal agents was implemented by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates was conducted in accordance with the CLSI broth microdilution protocols.ResultsThe prevalence of otomycosis was measured 50.5% (n = 101/200). The majority of patients were in their forties (n = 35, 34.6%) and female (n = 57, 56.4%), and the most prevalent symptom was otalgia (56.4%). The most underlying factor was remarked manipulation employing a cotton swab (65.3%). Regarding fungus, Aspergillus section Nigri (58.57%) was the foremost isolate, followed by Aspergillus section Flavi (19.23%) and Candida parapsilosis (14.96%). The predominance of Aspergillus isolates had minimal in vitro sensitivity to tioconazole and nystatin. Candida species represented higher geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against nystatin. The MIC of three Aspergillus species isolates shown above the epidemiologic cut‐off values (ECV) against itraconazole.ConclusionsOtomycosis incidence surpassed in comparison with the previous study as the most common cause of otitis externa. The MIC distribution of Aspergillus species isolates against triazole antifungals is close to the defined ECVs and likely outrun it over time.
A highly accumulated secretory protein from cotton bollworm interacts with basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors to dampen plant defense
Authors: Chen Xueying , Liu Yao‐Qian , Wu Man‐Ni , Yan Lei , Chen Chun‐Yu , Mu Yu‐Pei , Liu Yu‐Jie , Wang Mu‐Yang , Chen Xiao‐Ya , Mao Ying‐Bo 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Caterpillar oral secretion (OS) contains active molecules that modulate plant defense signaling. We isolated an effector‐like protein (Highly Accumulated Secretory Protein 1, HAS1) from cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) that is the most highly accumulated secretory protein of the nondigestive components in OS and belongs to venom R‐like protein.

Elimination of HAS1 by plant‐mediated RNA interference reduced the suppression of OS on the defense response in plants. Plants expressing HAS1 are more susceptible to insect herbivory accompanied by the reduced expressions of multiple defense genes.

HAS1 binds to the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors, including GoPGF involved in pigmented gland formation and defense compounds biosynthesis in cotton and MYC3/MYC4 the main regulators in jasmonate (JA) signaling in Arabidopsis. The binding activity is required for HAS1 to inhibit the activation of bHLHs on plant defense gene expressions.

Together with our previous study that another venom R‐like protein HARP1 in cotton bollworm OS blocks JA signaling by interacting with JASMONATE‐ZIM‐domain repressors, we conclude that the venom R‐like proteins in OS interfere with plant defense in a dual suppression manner. Considering the venom proteins in parasitic wasp assault the immune system of its host animal, our investigation reveals their conserved function in carnivorous and herbivorous insects.
Circ‐OMAC drives metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Bowen , Xie Shule , Pan Guokai , Lin Zhaoyu , Ren Siqi , Chen Suling , Fan Song , Li Jinsong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesAccumulating studies have proved that the circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in human cancers. However, few circRNAs have been elucidated with lymph node metastasis. This study demonstrated that circ‐oral cancer metastasis‐associated circRNA (circ‐OMAC) is required to regulate the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis.Materials and MethodsThe circ‐OMAC were detected by circRNA‐sequencing and further verified by in situ hybridization (ISH). The role of circ‐OMAC was assessed by transwell assay and wound healing assay. Mechanistically, circ‐OMAC regulated OSCC metastasis by initiating the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway.ResultsOur findings suggested that circ‐OMAC was aberrantly elevated in the metastatic lymph nodes as compared to primary OSCC tissues. OSCC patients with high levels of circ‐OMAC were prone to a poor prognosis. By developing functional assays, we confirmed that circ‐OMAC promotes metastasis of OSCC cells via initiation of EMT pathways.ConclusionsWe provide new insights whereby Circ‐OMAC as an oncogene is a potential therapeutic target and prognostic marker in oral cancer.
Salivary biomarkers in burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fernández‐Agra María , González‐Serrano José , de Pedro Miguel , Virto Leire , Caponio Vito Carlo Alberto , Ibáñez‐Prieto Elena , Hernández Gonzalo , López‐Pintor Rosa María 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review was to evaluate which salivary biomarkers are altered in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) compared to a control group (CG). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in four databases. Case–control studies evaluating salivary biomarkers in BMS patients were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa tool. RevMan was used for meta‐analysis. Seventeen studies were selected. The included studies collected 54 different biomarkers. Of these biomarkers, only three (cortisol, α‐amylase, and dehydroepiandrosterone) were analyzed in three or more studies. Dehydroepiandrosterone obtained contradictory results among the studies. However, cortisol and α‐amylase levels were found to be higher in BMS patients. Cortisol was the only biomarker which could be included for meta‐analysis. Cortisol levels were significantly higher in the BMS group compared to the CG (Mean Difference = 0.39; 95% CI [0.14–0.65]; p = 0.003). In conclusion, different studies investigated salivary biomarkers in patients with BMS compared to a CG, with controversial results. Meta‐analysis, confirmed by trial‐sequential analysis, showed how cortisol levels were significantly higher in BMS. Cortisol emerges as an interesting salivary biomarker in BMS, but future properly designed studies are needed to evaluate its role in diagnosis and/or response to treatment.
Validation of pain catastrophizing scale on breast cancer survivor
Authors: Pérez‐Cruzado David , Roldan‐Jimenez Cristina , Iglesias‐Campos Marcos , Pajares Bella , Alba Emilio , Cuesta‐Vargas Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPain catastrophizing scale (PCS) is the most used scale to measure pain catastrophizing. In breast cancer survivors (BCS), pain catastrophizing is related to upper‐limbs dysfunction and disability. This study aimed to assess the internal consistency, internal structure, and convergent validity of the Spanish version of the PCS in Spanish BCS.Material and MethodsBreast cancer survivors were recruited from the service of Medical Oncology of the University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, in Málaga (Spain). The psychometric properties were evaluated with analysis factor structure by maximum likelihood extraction (MLE), internal consistency, and construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).ResultsFactor structure was three‐dimensional, and one item was removed due to cross‐loading. The new 12‐item PCS showed a high internal consistency for the total score (α = 0.91) and a good homogeneity, and CFA revealed a satisfactory fit. PCS showed an acceptable correlation with FACS (r = 0.53, p < 0.01).ConclusionPain catastrophizing scale is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate pain catastrophizing in Spanish BCS. This tool may help clinicians in the management of pain by assessing pain and by measuring the effect of interventions.
Elucidating genetic variability and genotype × environment interactions for grain iron and zinc content among diverse genotypes of lentils (Lens culinaris)
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudip , Das Arpita , Banerjee Joydeep , Mandal Swarupa Nanda , Kumar Shiv , Gupta Sanjeev 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicronutrient malnutrition is a great burden towards attaining nutritional security for the vulnerable section of society, especially pregnant and lactating women, as well as preschool children in developing countries. Biofortification of lentil with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) may have a great impact on health and nutritional security as this food legume is the chief source of dietary energy and easily digestible protein for the vegetarian population. Assessment of genetic variability followed by ciphering genotype × environment (GE) interaction are the vital endeavour towards the recommendation of Fe‐ and Zn‐rich cultivars. Therefore, the present study was contemplated to appraise the genetic variability for Fe and Zn content among lentil genotypes followed by unravelling the effect of GE interaction for delineation of stable micronutrient‐rich genotypes using HA‐GGE biplot and REML/BLUP method. Preliminary studies with 125 lentil genotypes revealed the presence of adequate genetic variability concerning grain Fe (44.46 to 121.89 mg kg−1) and Zn (17.45 to 77.25 mg kg−1) content and other agronomic traits. Further, a multilocation evaluation trial with 30 promising genotypes at four diverse locations for consecutive 2 years detected a significant influence of environment and GE interaction on grain Fe and Zn content. Integration of HA‐GGE biplot along with REML/BLUP analysis pertinently detected BCL‐10212 and IPL‐220 as ‘ideal’ for Fe content whereas IC‐346092 and IC‐521442 for Zn content. Moreover, IC‐521442 was detected as most ‘ideal’ having richness in both Fe and Zn along with high stability over the locations. These genotypes offer a great opportunity to the lentil breeders for their utilization in a subsequent breeding programme towards developing Fe‐ and Zn‐rich lentils. Present findings would be useful for the generation of recombinant lines for mapping and tagging of the genes/QTL controlling Fe and Zn content and developing the biofortified lentil cultivars.
Brassinosteroids enhance BES1‐required thermomemory in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yao Xiuhong , Li Yanling , Chen Juan , Zhou Zuxu , Wen Yu , Fang Ke , Yang Fabin , Li Taotao , Zhang Dawei , Lin Honghui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeat stress (HS) caused by ambient high temperature poses a threat to plants. In the natural and agricultural environment, plants often encounter repeated and changeable HS. Moderate HS primes plants to establish a molecular ‘thermomemory’ that enables plants to withstand a later‐and possibly more extreme‐HS attack. Recent years, brassinosteroids (BRs) have been implicated in HS response, whereas the information is lacking on whether BRs signal transduction modulates thermomemory. Here, we uncover the positive role of BRs signalling in thermomemory of Arabidopsis thaliana. Heat priming induces de novo synthesis and nuclear accumulation of BRI1‐Ethyl methyl sulfon‐SUPPRESSOR (BES1), which is the key regulator of BRs signalling. BRs promote the accumulation of dephosphorylated BES1 during memory phase, and stoppage of BRs synthesis impairs dephosphorylation. During HS memory, BES1 is required to maintain sustained induction of HS memory genes and directly targets APX2 and HSFA3 for activation. In summary, our results reveal a BES1‐required, BRs‐enhanced transcriptional control module of thermomemory in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Efficient Estimation of the Marginal Mean of Recurrent Events
Authors: Cortese Giuliana , Scheike Thomas H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecurrent events are often encountered in clinical and epidemiological studies where a terminal event is also observed. With recurrent events data it is of great interest to estimate the marginal mean of the cumulative number of recurrent events experienced prior to the terminal event. The standard nonparametric estimator was suggested in Cook and Lawless and further developed in Ghosh and Lin. We here investigate the efficiency of this estimator that, surprisingly, has not been studied before. We rewrite the standard estimator as an inverse probability of censoring weighted estimator. From this representation we derive an efficient augmented estimator using efficient estimation theory for right-censored data. We show that the standard estimator is efficient in settings with no heterogeneity. In other settings with different sources of heterogeneity, we show theoretically and by simulations that the efficiency can be greatly improved when an efficient augmented estimator based on dynamic predictions is employed, at no extra cost to robustness. The estimators are applied and compared to study the mean number of catheter-related bloodstream infections in heterogeneous patients with chronic intestinal failure who can possibly die, and the efficiency gain is highlighted in the resulting point-wise confidence intervals.
The ten stories: Intergenerational transfer of values
Authors: McColl Mary Ann 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRationaleA troubling phenomenon for caregivers of elderly parents is their tendency to tell the same stories over and over. Repeated storytelling raises concerns about cognitive decline and memory loss and is often considered a disturbing harbinger of the possible onset of dementia.PurposeThis research aims to show that repeatedly told stories are important vehicles for intergenerational transmission of values.MethodsUsing a narrative inquiry approach, this research involved structured interviews with middle‐aged adult children, asking them to tell us the stories they felt they were hearing or had heard repeatedly from their aging parent. Interviews were taped and transcribed, then coded for temporality, purpose and content.ResultsBased on 126 stories told to 13 participants, it can be confirmed that there are approximately ten stories that older parents repeatedly tell to their adult children, mostly about experiences in their teens and twenties. The majority of the stories are told for the purpose of consolidating the elder's identity or sharing wisdom with the adult child. Key themes in the stories include seeking a better life, youthful fun, upholding standards, sticking together and doing what's right. These themes reflect the significant events and prevailing values of the early to mid‐twentieth century.ConclusionThis research offers a more constructive way for caregivers to hear the repeated stories told by their aging parents and to offer their loved one the gift of knowing they have been seen and heard.
Evaluating the risk of transfusion and transplant‐transmitted monkeypox infections
Authors: Harvala Heli , Simmonds Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe recent emergence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the UK and elsewhere is of urgent public health concern. Several aspects of MPXV epidemiology and pathogenesis, including its systemic spread and viraemia during acute infection, furthermore represent an important potential threat to the safety of blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Reported infections in the UK have been exponentially increasing over the last 2 months, with 1552 reported cases in the UK by 7th July 2022. This is likely to be considerable underestimate given current limitations in diagnostic capacity and clinical diagnoses hampered by its similar disease presentations to other causes of rash and genitourinary disease. While MPXV infections are currently most widespread in gay, bisexual or other men who have sex with men, wider spread of MPXV outside defined risk groups for infection may prevent identification of infection risk in donors. While typically mild disease outcomes have been reported in UK cases, case fatality rates ranging from 1% to over 10% are reported for different MPXV strains in its source area in sub‐Saharan Africa. Recipients of blood components and organs transplant, especially those who are immunosuppressed, may reproduce the greater systemic spread and morbidity of those infected through percutaneous routes. There is a potential risk of MPXV transmission and severe disease outcomes in blood and transplant recipients. In addition to current risk assessments performed in the UK and exclusion of donors with recent MPXV exposure, determining viraemia frequencies in donors and directly evaluating transmission risk would be of considerable value in assessing whether MPXV nucleic acid screening should be implemented.