bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐aided Design of Distal Femoral Osteotomy for the Valgus Knee and Effect of Correction Angle on Joint Loading by Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wu Yanfei , Jin Xin , Zhao Xingwen , Wang Ying , Bai Haohao , Lu Bin , Tong Xue , Ma Jianxiong , Ma Xinlong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveLateral open‐wedge distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) has been used to treat valgus deformity of the knee, with good clinical outcomes. However, there is a lack of biomechanical studies regarding the angle of correction. The objective of this study was to apply computer‐aided design (CAD) for osteotomy planning in a three‐dimensional (3D) anatomical model and to assess the biomechanical differences among the varying correction angles on joint loading by finite element analysis (FEA).MethodsTo model different angles of lateral open‐wedge DFO correction, the CAD software package Mimics 21.0 was used to accurately simulate the operated knee. The femur was cut to 0°, 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°, and 10° of varus (equivalent to hip‐knee‐ankle angles of 180°, 178°, 176°, 174°, 172°, and 170°, respectively). The original knee model and the corrected models were processed by FE software. Then, the FE models were subjected to an axial force to obtain the von Mises stress (VMS) and shear stress distributions within the femoral cartilages and menisci.ResultsUnder a compressive load of 740 N, the highest VMS in lateral and medial compartments of the intact knee model was 3.418 and 3.303 MPa. The maximum value of both the VMS and the shear stress in the lateral compartment decreased as the varus angle increased, but the corresponding values in the medial compartment increased. When the hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle was 180°, the VMS in the lateral and medial compartments was balanced (3.418 and 3.303 MPa, respectively). Meanwhile, when the HKA angle was 178° (3.488 and 3.625 MPa, respectively), the shear stress in the lateral and medial compartments was balanced. In addition, the magnitude of change in the stress was significantly higher in the medial compartment (90.9%) than in the lateral compartment (19.3%).ConclusionThe optimal correction angle of the valgus knee is close to neutral alignment or slightly varus (0° ‐ 2°). Overcorrection is not recommended, as it can result in a steep increase of the stress within the medial compartment and may accelerate the process of medial compartment OA.
The roles of divergent and parallel molecular evolution contributing to thermal adaptive strategies in trees
Authors: Ahrens Collin W. , Watson‐Lazowski Alexander , Huang Guomin , Tissue David T. , Rymer Paul D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLocal adaptation is a driver of biological diversity, and species may develop analogous (parallel evolution) or alternative (divergent evolution) solutions to similar ecological challenges. We expect these adaptive solutions would culminate in both phenotypic and genotypic signals. Using two Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus tereticornis) with overlapping distributions grown under contrasting ‘local’ temperature conditions to investigate the independent contribution of adaptation and plasticity at molecular, physiological and morphological levels. The link between gene expression and traits markedly differed between species. Divergent evolution was the dominant pattern driving adaptation (91% of all significant genes); but overlapping gene (homologous) responses were dependent on the determining factor (plastic, adaptive or genotype by environment interaction). Ninety‐eight percent of the plastic homologs were similarly regulated, while 50% of the adaptive homologs and 100% of the interaction homologs were antagonistical. Parallel evolution for the adaptive effect in homologous genes was greater than expected but not in favour of divergent evolution. Heat shock proteins for E. grandis were almost entirely driven by adaptation, and plasticity in E. tereticornis. These results suggest divergent molecular evolutionary solutions dominated the adaptive mechanisms among species, even in similar ecological circumstances. Suggesting that tree species with overlapping distributions are unlikely to equally persist in the future.
The plant cytoskeleton takes center stage in abiotic stress responses and resilience
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Jeevaraj Theboral , Yunus Mohd H. , Chakraborty Subhra , Chakraborty Niranjan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStress resilience behaviours in plants are defensive mechanisms that develop under adverse environmental conditions to promote growth, development and yield. Over the past decades, improving stress resilience, especially in crop species, has been a focus of intense research for global food security and economic growth. Plants have evolved specific mechanisms to sense external stress and transmit information to the cell interior and generate appropriate responses. Plant cytoskeleton, comprising microtubules and actin filaments, takes a center stage in stress‐induced signalling pathways, either as a direct target or as a signal transducer. In the past few years, it has become apparent that the function of the plant cytoskeleton and other associated proteins are not merely limited to elementary processes of cell growth and proliferation, but they also function in stress response and resilience. This review summarizes recent advances in the role of plant cytoskeleton and associated proteins in abiotic stress management. We provide a thorough overview of the mechanisms that plant cells employ to withstand different abiotic stimuli such as hypersalinity, dehydration, high temperature and cold, among others. We also discuss the crucial role of the plant cytoskeleton in organellar positioning under the influence of high light intensity.
Assessing agreement on Canadian pediatric critical care training objectives in Japan
Authors: Akamine Yoko , Ide Kentaro , Kawaguchi Atsushi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundJapan has no accredited learning objectives for pediatric critical care medicine trainees. This study examined the extent of agreement among a panel of Japanese pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) directors regarding the need for the Canadian learning objectives in pediatric critical care knowledge and technical skills training.MethodsUsing a two‐round Delphi survey, we developed consensus among directors of PICUs in Japan on the Canadian training objectives in pediatric critical care medicine. To assess agreement, we applied a four‐point Likert scale (1 = unnecessary, 2 = relatively unnecessary, 3 = relatively necessary, 4 = necessary). We conducted a web‐based survey and an Excel‐based survey over 4 week periods for the first and second rounds, respectively. Consensus was set at ≥80% agreement; items rated 3 or 4 by ≥80% participants in either rounds were included in the final list.ResultsOf the 36 PICU directors invited, 32 (88.9%) completed all survey rounds. In the first round, 164 items were agreed to be necessary, one item was deemed unnecessary, the directors did not reach agreement on 15 items, and these items were included in the second round. In the second round, five items were agreed to be necessary and agreement could not be reached on 10 items. Finally, there was agreement on 169 (94.9%) of the Canadian learning objectives after the two‐round Delphi survey. Sixteen participants commented that non‐technical skills, such as communication, collaboration, management, and education, were important additional objectives.ConclusionsStrong consensus was observed among Japanese pediatric critical care experts concerning the Canadian learning objectives for pediatric critical care knowledge and technical skills training.
Therapeutic Implications of UVB Irradiation in Cancer by Enhancing Anti‐Tumor Immunity†
Authors: Hafeez Bilal Bin , Alvarado Ed W. , Kim Dae Joon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe UVB irradiation is well known for its impact on the development of skin cancer. However, low UVB irradiation plays a protective role against various human diseases including cancer through its effect on tumor suppression. This article summarizes the key findings of the paper by Park et al., which describes a novel molecular mechanism of moderate UVB irradiation in suppressing the growth of melanoma and colorectal cancer. Key observations in this article are that moderate UVB irradiation can enhance tumor immunity by (1) increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; (2) increased infiltration of CD103+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1); and (3) a significant decrease of M2 tumor associate macrophages (TAMs) into the tumor. The authors further identified the role of Batf3 transcription factor in moderate UVB irradiation‐mediated anti‐tumor immune response. Deletion of Batf3 transcription factor reversed the tumor suppressive effect with decreased CD103+ cDC1 cell infiltration. This pre‐clinical study provides a very novel mechanistic insight into the utilization of moderate UVB irradiation for the management of melanoma and colorectal cancer. This study further provides the direction of new future research to explore moderate UVB irradiation in combination with checkpoint blockade antibodies to enhance immunotherapeutic response against various solid tumors.
Generalizing the information content for stepped wedge designs: A marginal modeling approach
Authors: Li Fan , Kasza Jessica , Turner Elizabeth L. , Rathouz Paul J. , Forbes Andrew B. , Preisser John S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStepped wedge trials are increasingly adopted because practical constraints necessitate staggered roll‐out. While a complete design requires clusters to collect data in all periods, resource and patient‐centered considerations may call for an incomplete stepped wedge design to minimize data collection burden. To study incomplete designs, we expand the metric of information content to discrete outcomes. We operate under a marginal model with general link and variance functions, and derive information content expressions when data elements (cells, sequences, periods) are omitted. We show that the centrosymmetric patterns of information content can hold for discrete outcomes with the variance‐stabilizing link function. We perform numerical studies under the canonical link function, and find that while the patterns of information content for cells are approximately centrosymmetric for all examined underlying secular trends, the patterns of information content for sequences or periods are more sensitive to the secular trend, and may be far from centrosymmetric.
Observations on hydronephrosis after pig kidney transplantation in baboons
Authors: Foote Jeremy B , Bikhet Mohamed H. , Hansen‐Estruch Christophe , Javed Mariyam , Ayares David , Hara Hidetaka , Humar Abhinav , Eckhoff Devin E. , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe have seen hydronephrosis (obstructive nephropathy) at necropsy in 3 of 11 (21%) genetically‐engineered pig kidneys that functioned in baboons for >36 days, even when the clinical and histopathological features of rejection were minimal. We briefly report one such case and illustrate the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of such a kidney and ureter. The causes of the observed changes remain uncertain. In our small experience, there seems to be no correlation between the development of hydronephrosis and (i) the surgical technique, (ii) the genotype of the pig, (iii) the length of the pig ureter, or (iv) the immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory therapy administered. We suggest that the distal ureteric thickening may be the result of an inflammatory response. In two cases, we resolved the problem by carrying out a secondary side‐to‐side anastomosis between the proximal pig ureter and the baboon bladder.
Podoplanin promotes the carcinogenicity of gastric cancer by activating ezrin and mediating the crosstalk between tumour cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Tian Yueli , Chen Xin , Wang Xiaodong , Song Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a frequent malignant disease and the main cause of cancer‐related death in the world. Podoplanin (PDPN) has been proved to be involved in the progression of various cancers. However, the role and biological mechanism of PDPN in GC are still vague. In our study, we detected the expression of PDPN in GC tissues and cell lines using RT‐qPCR, western blot and datasets. The overall survival of GC patients was analysed with a Kaplan–Meier plot. The effects of PDPN overexpression and silencing on GC cell progression were assessed by Cell Counting Kit‐8, flow cytometry and a wound healing assay. Besides, the modulation of PDPN on ezrin activation was investigated. We further explored the role of PDPN in the crosstalk between GC cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Results showed that PDPN was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. High expression of PDPN was correlated with poor prognosis of GC patients. PDPN positively regulated the viability, migration and invasion, but inhibited apoptosis, of GC cells by mediating the activation of ezrin. Meanwhile, the change in PDPN in GC cells activated CAFs and promoted the production of cytokines secreted by CAFs, which induced the progression of GC cells. These findings may provide a novel target for GC therapy.
Influence of Different Flow Solvers and Off-Design Conditions on the Determination of Fan-Rotor Wakes for Broadband Noise Prediction
Authors: Meier zu Ummeln Robert , Moreau Antoine , Schnoes Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The acoustic interaction of fan-rotor wakes with the downstream stator vanes is considered as an important noise source of an aircraft engine. The turbulence induced by the rotor generates a stochastic acoustic source that appears as broadband noise in the acoustic spectrum. During the preliminary design phase of an engine, established meanline and throughflow solvers usually do not resolve turbulence and associated unsteady flow parameters. But such solvers provide rotor pressure losses that can be used to estimate the mean and turbulent rotor wakes. A crucial step is the deduction of turbulence parameters from the mean wakes. A semi-empirical model for rotor-wake turbulence estimation is presented in this paper. The meanline method and the throughflow solver are compared to three-dimensional computational flow simulations investigating the capabilities of the different solvers to provide flow data for broadband wake interaction noise prediction. The methods are applied to a representative modern fan stage at a comprehensive number of operating points, comprising several speed lines from surge to choking conditions. Microphone measurements are consulted to assess the noise predictions. The evaluation confirms the applicability of the meanline and throughflow method in combination with the turbulence model for broadband noise estimation during the preliminary design phase. The underestimated turbulence in the tip region of the fan is found to be negligible even during off-design conditions.
Machine Learning-Enabled Prediction of Transient Injection Map in Automotive Injectors With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Mondal Sudeepta , Magnotti Gina M. , Lusch Bethany , Maulik Romit , Torelli Roberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccurate prediction of injection profiles is a critical aspect of linking injector operation with engine performance and emissions. However, highly resolved injector simulations can take one to two weeks of wall-clock time, which is incompatible with engine design cycles with desired turnaround times of less than a day. Hence, it is important to reduce the time-to-solution of the internal flow simulations by several orders of magnitude to make it compatible with engine simulations. This work demonstrates a data-driven approach for tackling the computational overhead of injector simulations, whereby the transient injection profiles are emulated for a side-oriented, single-hole diesel injector using a Bayesian machine-learning framework. First, an interpretable Bayesian learning strategy was employed to understand the effect of design parameters on the total void fraction field. Then, autoencoders are utilized for efficient dimensionality reduction of the flowfields. Gaussian process models are finally used to predict the spatiotemporal void fraction field at the injector exit for unknown operating conditions. The Gaussian process models produce principled uncertainty estimates associated with the emulated flowfields, which provide the engine designer with valuable information of where the data-driven predictions can be trusted in the design space. The Bayesian flowfield predictions are compared with the corresponding predictions from a deep neural network, which has been transfer-learned from static needle simulations from a previous work by the authors. The emulation framework can predict the void fraction field at the exit of the orifice within a few seconds, thus achieving a speed-up factor of up to 38 × 106 over the traditional simulation-based approach of generating transient injection maps.
Macular thickness and its associated factors in a Chinese rural adult population: the Handan Eye Study
Authors: Wu Jian , Lin Caixia , Du Yifan , Fan Su Jie , Pan Lijie , Pan Qing , Cao Kai , Wang Ningli 
Published: September 2022

Purpose
To describe the normal macular thickness and assess its associations.

Methods
The Handan Eye Follow-up Study was conducted between 2012 and 2013. Macular thickness was scanned by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The built-in software generated a retinal thickness (RT) map, which was divided into three regions (central, internal and external regions) and nine quadrants (one in central and four in internal and external regions each).

Results
For 5394 subjects in the Handan Eye Follow-up Study, 4793 received OCT examination, 2946 of whom (accounting for 61.46% of the total subjects, mean age 58.91±10.95, 55.6% were women) were included for analysis. The mean RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were (237.38 µm±23.05 µm), (309.77 µm±18.36 µm) and (278.29 µm±14.38 µm), respectively (overall difference, p＜0.001). In inner ring, the RT in temporal was thinnest, followed by nasal, superior and inferior. In outer ring, the RT in superior was thinnest, with the next subfields being temporal, inferior and nasal, respectively. The RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were significantly thicker in men than in women. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that in central macula, RT increased in subjects younger than 60 years and thinned above the age of 60. In inner and outer rings, RT thinned along with age (p＜0.001).

Conclusions
This study finds that RT in central macula is the thinnest, followed by the outer ring, the RT in the inner ring is the thickest. Age and gender are related to RT. These associated factors need to be considered when explaining RT.
Psychological (co)morbidity in patients with psoriasis: the impact of pruritus and anogenital involvement on symptoms of depression and anxiety and on body dysmorphic concerns – a cross-sectional study
Authors: da Silva Neuza , Augustin Matthias , Hilbring Caroline , Braren-von Stülpnagel Catharina C , Sommer Rachel 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesWhile stress plays a paramount role on the onset/exacerbation of psoriasis, via overactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cutaneous inflammatory response induces, in turn, anxiety/depression symptoms, via body disfigurement and stigmatisation. The intensity of pruritus and anogenital involvement are additional risk factors for psychological comorbidity.Aims were to (1) examine the effects of intensity of pruritus and anogenital psoriasis on disease burden and psychological comorbidity and (2) identify the variables associated with the presence of clinically significant depression, anxiety, and dysmorphic concerns.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingConducted at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE).Participants107 patients with psoriasis (mean age = 46.3, SD = 14.6 years; 53.3% male): 64 with none/mild pruritus; 43 with moderate/severe pruritus; 31 with anogenital psoriasis; 76 not affected in the anogenital area.Primary/secondary outcomes measuresDisease severity was assessed with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and intensity of pruritus was rated by patients. Patient-reported outcomes included the Dermatology Life Quality Index, ItchyQoL, Patient Benefit Index, Perceived Stigmatisation Questionnaire, and Relationship and Sexuality Scale. Psychological morbidity was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire, Generalised Anxiety Disorder, and Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire.ResultsPatients with moderate/severe pruritus reported more quality of life impairments, depression, anxiety and dysmorphic concerns, and less treatment benefits than those with none/mild pruritus. Moderate/severe pruritus had a deleterious effect on depression and stigmatisation for patients without anogenital involvement. Less patient benefits were associated with a higher likelihood of clinically significant depression/anxiety.ConclusionPruritus induces significant burden and psychological morbidity, particularly for patients without anogenital involvement. However, coping strategies used by patients with anogenital psoriasis might be dysfunctional for overall psychosocial adaptation. Patient-centred healthcare might be the best way to prevent psychological comorbidity.Ethics approvalEthics Committee of the Medical Association of Hamburg (process number PV6083, 28 May 2019).
Screening tools for work-related asthma and their diagnostic accuracy: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kongsupon Ngamjit , Walters Gareth I , Adab Peymané , Jordan Rachel E 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionWork-related asthma (WRA) refers to asthma caused by exposures at work (occupational asthma) and asthma made worse by work conditions (work-exacerbated asthma). WRA is common among working-age adults with asthma and impacts individual health, work–life and income but is often not detected by healthcare services. Earlier identification can lead to better health and employment outcomes. However, the optimal tool for screening and its effectiveness in practice is not well established. Screening tools may include whole questionnaires, questionnaire items, physiological measurements and/or immunological tests. Since the publication of the most contemporary WRA or occupational asthma-specific guidelines, further studies evaluating tools for identifying WRA have been performed. Our systematic review aims to summarise and compare the performance of screening tools for identifying WRA in both clinical and workplace settings.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of observational and experimental studies (1975–2021) using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, CDSR, DARE, HTA, CISDOC databases and grey literature. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies using predetermined criteria, extract data according to a schedule and assess study quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Test Accuracy 2 tool. Screening tools and test accuracy measures will be summarised. Paired forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic curves of sensitivities and specificities will be evaluated for heterogeneity between studies, using subgroup analyses, where possible. If the studies are sufficiently homogenous, we will use a bivariate random effect model for meta-analysis. A narrative summary and interpretation will be provided if meta-analysis is not appropriate.Ethics and disseminationAs this is a systematic review and does not involve primary data collection, formal ethical review is not required. We will disseminate our findings through open access peer-reviewed publication as well as through other academic and social media.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021246031.