bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Sensitive and Low‐Power‐Consumption Organic Phototransistor Enables Nighttime Illumination Perception for Bionic Mesopic Vision
Authors: Deng Wei , Lv You , Ruan Xiaobin , Zhang Xiujuan , Jia Ruofei , Yu Yongqiang , Liu Zeke , Wu Di , Zhang Xiaohong , Jie Jiansheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmulating human vision using solid‐state devices is critical in the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence, and visual prostheses, driving intense research interest. However, bionic vision devices made from routine structures suffer from low light‐perception sensitivity to nighttime low illuminations and high power consumption, impeding their applications in many advanced scenarios from nighttime autopilot to night vision neuroprosthesis. Here, an ultrasensitive and low‐power‐consumption organic phototransistor that consists of a unique Schottky‐barrier structure and separated light absorption and carrier transport layers is reported. This device design shuns the introduction of trap states into the carrier transport route, which guarantees an ultra‐steep subthreshold swing and thus significantly amplifies the photocurrent while lowering operation voltage. In consequence, the weak‐light detection capacity for this device is enhanced dramatically, which can perceive nighttime low light illuminations with ultrahigh light‐perception sensitivity of 102–104 and low power consumption of <10 nW. Leveraging these findings, it is demonstrated that the phototransistor has neuromorphic vision perception behaviors and energy efficiency like human brain under faint light, opening a new opportunity for artificial vision.
Decreased synapse‐associated proteins are associated with the onset of epileptic memory impairment in endothelial CDK5‐deficient mice
Authors: Li Zheng‐Mao , Liu Xiu‐Xiu , Li Chen , Wei Zhao‐Cong , Shi Yi , Song Heng‐Yi , Chen Xiang , Zhang Yu , Li Jia‐Wei , Zhu Rui‐Fang , Hu Ben‐Hui , Ye Wei‐Feng , Huo Da , Jiang Guo‐Jun , Sasaki Takuya , Zhang Li , Han Feng , Lu Ying‐Mei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that epilepsy has a higher risk of inducing memory impairment and dementia. However, the underlying onset mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that mice with spontaneous epilepsy induced by endothelial CDK5 deficiency exhibited hippocampal‐dependent memory impairment at 6 months of age, but not at 2 months of age. Moreover, the persistent epileptic seizures induce aberrant changes in phosphorylation of CaMKII protein in the hippocampus of spontaneous epileptic mice. Using genome‐wide RNA sequencing and intergenic interaction analysis of STRING, we found that in addition to epilepsy‐related genes, there are changes in synaptic organization pathway node genes, such as Bdnf and Grin1. The synapse‐related proteins by Western blot analysis, such as NMDA receptors (NR1 and NR2B), PSD95, and the phosphorylation of synapsin1, are progressively decreased during epileptic seizures in Cdh5‐CreERT2;CDK5f/f mice. Notably, we found that valproate (VPA) and phenytoin (PHT) augment mRNA expression and protein levels of synapse‐related genes and ameliorate memory impairment in Cdh5‐CreERT2;CDK5f/f mice. Our study elucidates a potential mechanism of memory deficits in epilepsy, and pharmacological reversal of synaptic pathology targeting might provide a new therapeutic intervention for epileptic memory deficits.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert for Parkinson's Disease Dementia: A 36 Months Follow Up Study
Authors: Cappon Davide , Gratwicke James , Zrinzo Ludvic , Akram Harith , Hyam Jonathan , Hariz Marwan , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Thomas , Jahanshahi Marjan 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDegeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and cortical cholinergic dysfunction are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). There is no effective therapy for PDD. Deep brain stimulation of the NBM (NBM‐DBS) has been trialed as a potential treatment.ObjectiveOur primary aim was to evaluate the sustained tolerability of NBM‐DBS in PDD, and its impact on global cognition, behavioral symptoms, quality of life and caregiver burden and distress. Second, we aimed to determine whether baseline measures of arousal, alertness, and attention were predictive of the three year response to NBM‐DBS in PDD patients.MethodsFive of the six PDD patients who completed the baseline assessment participated in a 3 year follow up assessment. We assessed the participants after three years of NBM‐DBS on the Mini Mental State Examination, Dementia Rating Scale‐2, Blessed Dementia Rating Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and the SF36.ResultsThe five patients showed varying trajectories of cognitive decline, with two showing a slower progression over the three‐year follow‐up period. A slower progression of decline on global cognition was associated with higher baseline accuracy on the Posner covert orienting of attention test, and less daytime sleepiness.ConclusionsWhether slower progression of cognitive decline in two patients was in any way related to individual variability in responsiveness to NBM‐DBS requires confirmation in a larger series including an unoperated PDD control group. Higher accuracy in covertly orienting attention and better sleep quality at baseline were associated with better cognitive outcomes at 36 months assessment. These results require validation in future studies with larger samples.
Hyaline fibromatosis syndrome with a novel 4.41‐kb deletion in ANTXR2 gene: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Yunqian , Du Xiaonan , Sun Li , Wang Huijun , Wang Dahui , Wu Bingbing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyaline fibromatosis syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with ANTXR2 mutations characterised by the accumulation of hyaline substances in tissues. We present a case with the severe form—infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH)—with long survival and review the literature.Methods and resultsTrio‐exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations, including a novel 4.41 kb deletion on 4q21.21 and the previously reported c.1294C > T mutation, in the ANTXR2 gene. He was diagnosed with ISH and treated symptomatically. After follow‐ups until 4 years of age, his recurrent respiratory infections and diarrhoea improved after one severe diarrhoea attack treated with intravenous gamma globulin. He is now awaiting surgical excision of gingival hypertrophy and joint contractures.ConclusionThe novel gross deletion in ANTXR2 enriches the genetic mutation spectrum of hyaline fibromatosis syndrome. The manifestation of decreased foetal movement, acute‐infection attack or intravenous gamma globulin treatment may be associated with hyaline fibromatosis syndrome. A review of 116 reported cases reveals that missense mutations in the vWA domain are associated with joint symptoms, respiratory tract infection and diarrhoea, while frameshift mutations are associated with facial deformities and speech delays.We have enriched the current knowledge of the clinical manifestations and genetic mutation spectrum of HFS.
Asymptomatic ASS1 carriers with high blood citrulline levels
Authors: Chen Hui‐An , Hsu Rai‐Hseng , Chang Kai‐Ling , Huang Yi‐Chen , Chiang Yun‐Chen , Lee Ni‐Chung , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Chiu Pao‐Chin , Chien Yin‐Hsiu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionCitrullinemia Type 1 (CTLN1) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the ASS1 gene. This study intends to clarify the etiology of false positives in newborn screening for citrullinemia.MethodNewborns who had elevated dried‐blood spot citrulline levels were enrolled, and medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Common ASS1 variants were screened using high‐resolution melting analysis.ResultBetween 2011 and 2021, 130 newborns received confirmatory testing for citrullinemia, 4 were found to be patients for CTLN1; 11 were patients with citrin deficiency; and 49 newborns were confirmed to be carrying one pathogenic ASS1 variant. The incidence of CTLN1 was 1 in 188,380 (95% confidence interval: 1 in 73,258 to 1 in 484,416). All ASS1 variants studied in this cohort were located in exons 11 to 15, which encode the tetrameric interface regions of the ASS1 protein. Among 10 ASS1 carriers with elevated citrulline levels and complete sequence data, four (40%) revealed additional non‐benign ASS1 variants; in contrast, only 2 of the 26 controls (7.7%), with normal citrulline levels, had additional ASS1 variants.ConclusionHeterozygote ASS1 variants may lead to a mild elevation of blood citrulline levels: about 2–6 times the population mean. Molecular testing and family studies remain critical for precise diagnosis, genetic counseling, and management.
(S)‐3‐aminopiperidine‐2,6‐dione is a biosynthetic intermediate of microbial blue pigment indigoidine
Authors: Zhang Zhilong , Li Pengwei , Wang Min , Zhang Yan , Wu Bian , Tao Yong , Pan Guohui , Chen Yihua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe biosynthetic investigations of microbial natural products continuously provide powerful biocatalysts for the preparation of valuable chemicals. Practical methods for preparing (S)‐3‐aminopiperidine‐2,6‐dione (2), the pharmacophore of thalidomide (1) and its analog drugs, are highly desired. To develop a biocatalyst for producing (S)‐2, we dissected the domain functions of IdgS, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of indigoidine (3), a microbial blue pigment that consists of two 2‐like moieties. Our data supported that the L‐glutamine tethered to the indigoidine assembly line is first offloaded and cyclized by the thioesterase domain to form (S)‐2, which is then dehydrogenated by the oxidation (Ox) domain and finally dimerized to yield 3. Based on this, we developed an IdgS‐derived enzyme biocatalyst, IdgS‐Ox* R539A, for preparing enantiomerically pure (S)‐2. As a proof of concept, one‐pot chemoenzymatic synthesis of 1 was achieved by combining the biocatalytic and chemical approaches.
Borcs6 is required for endo‐lysosomal degradation during early development
Authors: Bell Charlotte J. , Gupta Neha , Tremblay Kimberly D. , Mager Jesse 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEarly development and differentiation require precise control of cellular functions. Lysosomal degradation is a critical component of normal cellular homeostasis, allowing for degradation of signaling molecules, proteins, and other macromolecules for cellular remodeling and signaling. Little is known about the role of lysosomal function in mammalian embryos before gastrulation. Borcs6 is a protein involved in lysosomal trafficking as well as endo‐lysosomal and autophagosome fusion. Here, we show that Borcs6 is necessary for efficient endo‐lysosomal degradation in the early embryo. Although embryos lacking Borcs6 are developmentally comparable to control littermates at E5.5, they are characterized by large cells containing increased levels of late endosomes and abnormal nuclei. Furthermore, these embryos display a skewed ratio of extraembryonic and embryonic cell lineages, are delayed by E6.5, and do not undergo normal gastrulation. These results demonstrate the essential functions of lysosomal positioning and fusion with endosomes during early embryonic development and indicate that the early lethality of BORCS6 mutant embryos is primarily due to defects in the HOPS‐related function of BORC rather than lysosomal positioning.
Using machine learning algorithms to enhance the diagnostic performance of electrical impedance myography
Authors: Pandeya Sarbesh R. , Nagy Janice A. , Riveros Daniela , Semple Carson , Taylor Rebecca S. , Hu Alice , Sanchez Benjamin , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsWe assessed the classification performance of machine learning (ML) using multifrequency electrical impedance myography (EIM) values to improve upon diagnostic outcomes as compared to those based on a single EIM value.MethodsEIM data was obtained from unilateral excised gastrocnemius in eighty diseased mice (26 D2‐mdx, Duchenne muscular dystrophy model, 39 SOD1G93A ALS model, and 15 db/db, a model of obesity‐induced muscle atrophy) and 33 wild‐type (WT) animals. We assessed the classification performance of a ML random forest algorithm incorporating all the data (multifrequency resistance, reactance and phase values) comparing it to the 50 kHz phase value alone.ResultsML outperformed the 50 kHz analysis as based on receiver‐operating characteristic curves and measurement of the area under the curve (AUC). For example, comparing all diseases together versus WT from the test set outputs, the AUC was 0.52 for 50 kHz phase, but was 0.94 for the ML model. Similarly, when comparing ALS versus WT, the AUCs were 0.79 for 50 kHz phase and 0.99 for ML.DiscussionMultifrequency EIM using ML improves upon classification compared to that achieved with a single‐frequency value. ML approaches should be considered in all future basic and clinical diagnostic applications of EIM.
Intra‐tooth isotopic analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of dentine collagen in high‐crowned teeth: A new experimental study with modern sheep specimens
Authors: Díez‐Canseco Celia , Aguilera Mònica , Tornero Carlos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHypsodont teeth molars develop in a short lapse of time. Both dentine and enamel dental tissues do not regenerate once formed. This fact allows the reconstruction of isotopic sequences covering short moments of the individual's life span, a useful approach in current zooarchaeological and paleontological studies. Sampling design usually follows a serial or sequential extraction of dental bands perpendicular to the tooth growth axis, from the apex to the root. However, dentine develops following a secretion of layers oblique to the tooth vertical axis, and this pattern makes hard to isolate isotopic signals. A new experimental study with modern sheep breeds was conducted, covering a whole year and where carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of consumed plants were known. Three diet periods with different isotopic compositions were alternated during sheep's life. In this contribution, we test the resolution of a dentine sampling procedure to obtain intra‐tooth isotopic variability of δ13Ccollagen and δ15Ncollagen values tied to diet shifts in sheep. Dentine was sequentially sampled in previously demineralized second and third mandibular molars. Samples were treated with standard protocols of collagen purification and then subjected to stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis. In M2 and M3 isotopic sequences obtained, diet shifts are recorded along two progressive trends of increasing–decreasing values, but some affections of the sampling procedure are also present. We conclude that the dentine sequential sampling here implemented allows for obtaining reliable intra‐tooth isotopic data tied to dietary conditions in high‐crowned teeth, although dentine growth patterns should be considered in detail in final interpretations. The integration of this high‐resolution analysis in archaeological studies offers a new scope of possibilities for studying dietary patterns, seasonal dietary changes, and animal husbandry practices in past populations.
Be3Ru: Polar Multiatomic Bonding in the Closest Packing of Atoms
Authors: Agnarelli Laura , Prots Yurii , Schmidt Marcus , Krnel Mitja , Svanidze Eteri , Burkhardt Ulrich , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas , Grin Yuri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe new phase Be3Ru crystallizes with TiCu3‐type structure (space group Pmmn (59), a=3.7062(1) Å, b=4.5353(1) Å, c=4.4170(1) Å), a coloring variant of the hexagonal closest packing (hcp) of spheres. The electronic structure revealed that Be3Ru has a pseudo‐gap close to the Fermi level. A strong charge transfer from Be to Ru was observed from the analysis of electron density within the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) framework and polar three‐ and four‐atomic Be−Ru bonds were observed from the ELI−D (electron localizability indicator) analysis. This situation is very similar to the recently investigated Be5Pt and Be21Pt5 compounds. The unusual crystal chemical feature of Be3Ru is that different charged species belong to the same closest packing, contrary to typical inorganic compounds, where the cationic components are located in the voids of the closest packing formed by anions. Be3Ru is a diamagnet displaying metallic electrical resistivity.
Place‐embedded agency: Exploring knowledge–place connections for enabling plurality in governance of social–ecological systems
Authors: Hakkarainen Viola , Soini Katriina , Dessein Joost , Raymond Christopher M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Including different forms of knowledges and views in decision‐making is crucial to managing the complexity of social–ecological systems (SES) in ways that are inclusive and embrace diversity.

Sense of place scholarship can explain subjectivity in SES; however, it has hardly been considered together with the literature on knowledge processes, overlooking the epistemic dimension of sense of place and its potential to shed light on the roles and views of individuals in respect to natural resources and their management.

This paper explores how local knowledge and place‐belonging (as a form of sense of place) intersect, and what kinds of implications these knowledge–place connections have for the interactions between actors and their agency in the High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago UNESCO World Heritage Site (Sweden/Finland).

Drawing on participant observation in workshops and semi‐structured interviews with diverse actors in this transboundary governance context, we identify five types of knowledge–place connections, which exemplify diverse positions on local knowledge shaped by place‐belonging.

We propose a concept of place‐embedded agency to reveal how these positions shape action and interaction between people inside and outside formal decision‐making processes. We argue that recognising and taking place‐embedded agency into account can help to overcome tensions and enhance plurality in SES governance.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The effect of layered materials on the ablation resistance and heat insulation performance of liquid silicone rubber
Authors: Li Shuai , Zhang Hao , Yan Liwei , Zhou Chuxiang , Heng Zhengguang , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei , Chen Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development in the aerospace field, there is an increasing demand for flexible ablation materials with excellent cyclic ablation property, which attracts more and more attention from researchers all over the world. In this paper, the uniform experimental design method is used to prepare lamellar material filled epoxy modified vinyl silicone rubber (EMVSR) flexible ablation resistant composite materials. The effects of three layered materials (lamella sericite, MoS2, and GO) on the ablation performance and thermal insulation performance of EMVSR materials under cyclic ablation conditions are discussed. In addition, the compressive strength of the composites after ablation and the density of the char layer are tested and analyzed. The test results show that all these sheet materials can enhance the heat resistance and thermal conductivity of the EMVSR composites and GO has the greatest impact. The back‐face temperature of the EMVSR composites after the second ablation is higher than that after the first ablation, and GO can significantly improve the material's heat insulation performance under cyclic ablation conditions. The mass ablation rate of the EMVSR composites after the second ablation is generally greater than that after the first ablation. GO and sericite will reduce the ablation resistance of the materials, while MoS2 will increase the ablation resistance of EMVSR composites. The compressive strength of the char layer and the ablative resistance of the materials are positively correlated with the density of char layer.
Rapid classification and identification of chemical components of Astragali radix by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Liang Chenrui , Yao Yaqi , Ding Haoran , Li Xiaomeng , Li Yubo , Cai Ting 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionPharmacological studies indicate that Astragalus (AR) has various bioactivities, including anticancer, antiaging, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids, saponins, amino acids, and polysaccharides are the main active components in AR. However, its complex chemical compositions bring certain difficulties to the analysis of this traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method for rapid classification and identification of the chemical constituents in AR.ObjectiveTo establish a method for rapid classification and identification of the main components of flavonoids, saponins, and amino acids in AR.MethodsThe samples were analysed with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) and data post‐processing techniques. Firstly, fragmentation information was obtained in the positive and negative ion modes. Then, to realize the rapid classification and identification of AR components, the characteristic fragmentations (CFs) and neutral losses (NLs) were compared with information described in the literature.ResultsA total of 45 chemical constituents were successfully screened out, including 22 flavonoids, 13 saponins, and 10 amino acids.ConclusionThe established method realised the efficient classification and identification of flavonoids, saponins, and amino acid compounds in AR, which provided a basis for further study on AR.
Physical function and fatigue recovery at 6 months after hospitalization for COVID‐19
Authors: Qin Evelyn S. , Gold Laura S. , Singh Namrata , Wysham Katherine D. , Hough Catherine L. , Patel Payal B. , Bunnell Aaron E. , Andrews James S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere are an increasing number of individuals with long‐term symptoms of coronavirus‐19 disease (COVID‐19); however, the prognosis for recovery of physical function and fatigue after COVID‐19 is uncertain.ObjectiveTo report the changes in functional recovery between 1 and 6 months after hospitalization of adults hospitalized for COVID‐19 and explore the baseline factors associated with physical function recovery.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care hospital.ParticipantsU.S. adult COVID‐19 survivors.InterventionN/A.Main Outcome MeasuresTelephone interviews assessed three outcome domains: basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs) performance, fatigue, and general physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ]).ResultsThe age of participants (n = 92) ranged from 22 to 95 years (54.3 ± 17.2). Across outcome domains, a majority (63%–67%) of participants developed new ADL impairment, fatigue, or worsening HAQ severity by 1 month. Of those, 50%–79% partially or fully recovered by 6 months, but 21%–50% did not recover at least partially. Fifteen to 30% developed new impairment between 1 and 6 months. For those without any improvement in ADL impairments at 6 months, lower socioeconomic status was significantly more common (p = .01) and age ≥ 65 (p = .06), trending toward being more common.ConclusionIn this cohort, a substantial proportion of the participants who developed new ADL impairment, worsening fatigue, or HAQ severity after hospitalization for COVID‐19 did not recover at least partially by 6 months after discharge. Evaluating functional status 1 month after discharge may be important in understanding functional prognosis and recovery after hospitalization for COVID‐19.