bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome sequence and Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) repertoire of the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T
Authors: Ameri Rihab , García José Luis , Derenfed Amel Bouanane , Pradel Nathalie , Neifar Sawssan , Mhiri Sonia , Mezghanni Monia , Jaouadi Nadia Zaraî , Barriuso Jorge , Bejar Samir 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Omics approaches are widely applied in the field of biology for the discovery of potential CAZymes including whole genome sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify protein encoding genes including CAZymes in order to understand glycans-degrading machinery in the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T strain.

Results
Caldicoprobacter algeriensis TH7C1T is a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, which grows between the temperatures of 55 °C and 75 °C. Next generation sequencing using Illumina technology was performed on the C. algeriensis strain resulting in 45 contigs with an average GC content of 44.9% and a total length of 2,535,023 bp. Genome annotation reveals 2425 protein-coding genes with 97 ORFs coding CAZymes. Many glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and glycosyltransferases genes were found linked to genes encoding oligosaccharide transporters and transcriptional regulators; suggesting that CAZyme encoding genes are organized in clusters involved in polysaccharides degradation and transport. In depth analysis of CAZomes content in C. algeriensis genome unveiled 33 CAZyme gene clusters uncovering new enzyme combinations targeting specific substrates.

Conclusions
This study is the first targeting CAZymes repertoire of C. algeriensis, it provides insight to the high potential of identified enzymes for plant biomass degradation and their biotechnological applications.
Associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with social well-being indicators in Mexico
Authors: Vilar-Compte M. , Hernández-F M. , Gaitán-Rossi P. , Pérez V. , Teruel G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Public health measures for COVID-19 containment have implied economic and social life disruptions, which have been particularly deleterious in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to high rates of informal employment, overcrowding, and barriers to accessing health services, amongst others social determinants. Mexico, a LMIC, is a country with a high COVID-19 mortality in which there has been a very limited governmental response to help mitigate such COVID-related disruptions. This study analyzes the association of the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis in Mexico with four well-being indicators: income, employment, anxiety, and food security.

Methods
It uses pooled cross-sectional data (n = 5453) of five monthly nationally representative surveys collected between April and August 2020. Probit models are estimated to assess the association of the pandemic with job loss and anxiety; a multinomial logistic regression is estimated for food security, and an ordinary least squares regression assesses the association between the pandemic and changes in household’s income.

Results
Females were significantly associated with worse outcomes for the 4 well-being measures with an average reduction of 2.3% in household income compared to pre-COVID-19 levels, an increased probability (6.4 pp) of being in a household that had lost jobs, decreased probability of food security (6.9 pp), and an increased risk of anxiety symptoms (8.5 pp). In addition, those with lower SES and household with children also reported worse outcomes for employment, income and food security. The month variable was also statistically significant in these models suggesting that as more months of the pandemic elapsed the effects persisted.

Conclusion
The currents study documents how the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with different well-being indicators in a LMIC. It suggests the urgent need to take actions to support vulnerable groups, particularly women, households with children and those in the lowest SES. If policy actions are not taken, the pandemic will increase social and gender disparities, and will jeopardize childhood development.
Betaine attenuate chronic restraint stress-induced changes in testicular damage and oxidative stress in male mice
Authors: Meng Xingqi , Peng Lixuan , Xu Jie , Guo Dongming , Cao Wenyu , Xu Yang , Li Suyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scope
Male fertility and sperm quality are negatively affected by psychological stress. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) is a common psychological stress that has a negative effect on sperm. Betaine (BET), an active ingredient isolated from Lycium barbarum, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and other pharmacological activities. This study aims to explore whether betaine has a therapeutic effect on sperm deformity and vitality under CRS and its mechanism.

Methods and results
Chronic restraint stress was induced in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice by fixation for 6 h a day for 35 days. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with betaine (BET) or normal saline (NS) for 14 days. Thirty-five days later, the animals were sacrificed. The results showed that the detrimental effects of CRS on testes as evident by disrupted histoarchitecture, increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis that compromised male fertility. BET injections can reverse these symptoms.

Conclusions
BET can improve spermatogenesis dysfunction caused by CRS, which may provide potential dietary guidance.

Graphical abstract
US county-level estimation for maternal and infant health-related behavior indicators using pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system data, 2016–2018
Authors: Wang Yan , Tevendale Heather , Lu Hua , Cox Shanna , Carlson Susan A. , Li Rui , Shulman Holly , Morrow Brian , Hastings Philip A. , Barfield Wanda D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a critical need for maternal and child health data at the local level (for example, county), yet most counties lack sustainable resources or capabilities to collect local-level data. In such case, model-based small area estimation (SAE) could be a feasible approach. SAE for maternal or infant health-related behaviors at small areas has never been conducted or evaluated.

Methods
We applied multilevel regression with post-stratification approach to produce county-level estimates using Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data, 2016–2018 (n = 65,803 from 23 states) for 2 key outcomes, breastfeeding at 8 weeks and infant non-supine sleeping position.

Results
Among the 1,471 counties, the median model estimate of breastfeeding at 8 weeks was 59.8% (ranged from 34.9 to 87.4%), and the median of infant non-supine sleeping position was 16.6% (ranged from 10.3 to 39.0%). Strong correlations were found between model estimates and direct estimates for both indicators at the state level. Model estimates for both indicators were close to direct estimates in magnitude for Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania.

Conclusion
Our findings support this approach being potentially applied to other maternal and infant health and behavioral indicators in PRAMS to facilitate public health decision-making at the local level.
Clustering individuals’ temporal patterns of affective states, hunger, and food craving by latent class vector-autoregression
Authors: Pannicke Björn , Blechert Jens , Reichenberger Julia , Kaiser Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEating plays an important role in mental and physical health and is influenced by affective (e.g., emotions, stress) and appetitive (i.e., food craving, hunger) states, among others. Yet, substantial temporal variability and marked individual differences in these relationships have been reported. Exploratory data analytical approaches that account for variability between and within individuals might benefit respective theory development and subsequent confirmatory studies.MethodsAcross 2 weeks, 115 individuals (83% female) reported on momentary affective states, hunger, and food craving six times a day. Based on these ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data we investigated whether latent class vector-autoregression (LCVAR) can identify different clusters of participants based on similarities in their temporal associations between these states.ResultsLCVAR allocated participants into three distinct clusters. Within clusters, we found both positive and negative associations between affective states and hunger/food craving, which further varied temporally across lags. Associations between hunger/food craving andsubsequentaffective states were more pronounced than vice versa. Clusters differed on eating-related traits such as stress-eating and food craving as well as on EMA completion rates.DiscussionLCVAR provides novel opportunities to analyse time-series data in affective science and eating behaviour research and uncovers that traditional models of affect-eating relationships might be overly simplistic. Temporal associations differ between subgroups of individuals with specific links to eating-related traits. Moreover, even within subgroups, differences in associations across time and specific affective states can be observed. To account for this high degree of variability, future research and theories should consider individual differences in direction and time lag of associations between affective states and eating behaviour, daytime and specific affective states. In addition to that, methodological implications for EMA research are discussed.
Movement behaviours and adherence to guidelines: perceptions of a sample of UK parents with children 0–18 months
Authors: Hesketh Kathryn R. , Janssen Xanne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Movement behaviours are important for infant (0–12 mo) and toddler (1–2 yrs) health and development, yet very little is known about adherence to the 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines and parents perception of these behaviours in these age groups. This study aimed to examine parental perceptions of movement behaviours and adherence to guidelines in a sample of UK parents with children 0–18 months.

Methods
Participants were 216 parent-child dyads from the cross-sectional Movement Behaviour Assessment in Infants and Toddlers (M-BAIT) study. Tummy time, screen time, restraint time and sleep were measured using a parental questionnaire. A sub-sample of parents were asked about their priority areas for their child’s health and development. Frequencies were used to describe the proportion of children meeting movement behaviour guidelines, the number of guidelines met and priority areas for parents. Mann-Whitney U-tests (continuous variables) and chi-square tests (categorical variables) were used to assess the differences between boys and girls.

Results
For those under 12 months of age, just over 30% of children met tummy time recommendations, 41.3% met the screen time guidelines, 57.8% met restraint guidelines and 76.2% met sleep guidelines. For those 12 months and over, 24.1% met the screen time guidelines, 56.9% met restraint guidelines and 82.8% met sleep guidelines. Parents identified sleep and physical activity as top priorities for their child. Limiting screen time was deemed least important.

Conclusion
In this sample of UK infants and toddlers (0–18 months), few adhered to the sedentary behaviour and tummy time guidelines, whereas the majority meet sleep guidelines. This mirrors parental priorities; limiting screen time was seen as less important, with sleep and physical activity deemed most important. These findings suggest greater efforts are needed to raise awareness about screen and tummy time, supporting parents and care-providers to promote positive movement behaviours.
Feasibility of establishing a core set of sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health indicators in humanitarian settings: results from a multi-methods assessment in Bangladesh
Authors: Aktar Bachera , Rajendra Kanya Lakshmi , Clark Emily , Messier Kassandre , Aissaoui Anya , Elamurugan Kaeshan , Hasan Md. Tanvir , Farnaz Nadia , Kaiser Adrita , Awal Abdul , El Mowafi Ieman Mona , Kobeissi Loulou 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Reliable and rigorously collected sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (SRMNCAH) data in humanitarian settings is often sparse and varies in quality across different humanitarian settings. To address this gap in quality data, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a core set of indicators for monitoring and evaluating SRMNCAH services and outcomes, and assessed their feasibility in Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Jordan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Methods
The feasibility assessments aggregated information from global consultations and field-level assessments to reach a consensus on a set of core SRMNCAH indicators among WHO partners. The feasibility assessment in Bangladesh focused on the following constructs: relevance/usefulness of the core set of indicators, the feasibility of measurement, availability of systems and resources, and ethical issues during data collection and management. The field-level multi-methods assessment included five components; a desk review, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and facility assessments including observations of facility-level data management.

Results
The findings suggest that there is widespread support among stakeholders for developing a standardized core set of SRMNCAH indicators to be collected among all humanitarian actors in Bangladesh. There are numerous resources and data collection systems that could be leveraged, built upon, and improved to ensure the feasibility of collecting this proposed set of indicators. However, the data collection load requested from donors, the national government, international and UN agencies, coordination/cluster systems must be better harmonized, standardized, and less burdensome.

Conclusion
This core set of indicators would only be useful if it has the buy-in from the international community that results in harmonizing and coordinating data collection efforts and relevant indicators’ reporting requirements.
Complications and misdiagnoses associated with infant frenotomy: results of a healthcare professional survey
Authors: O’Connor Mary E. , Gilliland Alison M. , LeFort Yvonne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the past 10–15 years, there has been increased concern about ankyloglossia and its effect on infant breastfeeding. This has been associated with increased performance of frenotomy. Physicians and other healthcare professionals with expertise in breastfeeding have voiced concerns about complications related to the performance of infant frenotomy. Reviews of this topic have reported no significant complications after frenotomy. Other data on complications consist of case reports.MethodsAn online survey was developed by physicians with expertise in breastfeeding and e-mailed to physician and dentist members of Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM) between 11 November and 31 December 2019. It requested information from the respondents who cared for the mother/infant breastfeeding couple about their experiences personally caring for infants with complications or misdiagnoses related to referral for frenotomy or the performance of a frenotomy. Data were analyzed using chi square, Cramer’s V correlation, and binomial logistic regression.ResultsOf 211 eligible respondents, 129 (61%) had cared for an infant with a complication or misdiagnosis. Two hundred and nine (209) infants were reported to have a complication and 237 had a misdiagnosis. The most common misdiagnoses reported were 101 of 237 infants (43%) with neuromuscular dysfunction and 65 of 237 (27%) with inadequate breastfeeding support. The most common complications reported were a repeat procedure considered/requested/performed 65 of 203 (32%) and oral aversion 57 of 203 (28%). Parental report of infant pain was associated with performance of a posterior frenotomy (Chi Squarep < .003). Bleeding was associated with using scissors/scalpel vs laser/bovie/electrosurgery (Chi Squarep = .001). Oral aversion was associated with performance of frenotomy by laser/bovie/electrosurgery vs scissors/scalpel (adjusted Odds Ratio of 4.05; 95% CI 2.07, 7.93).ConclusionsComplications and misdiagnoses are occurring after infant frenotomy. Physicians and dentists should work closely with lactation professionals to provide skilled breastfeeding support and to evaluate for other confounding problems that might impact infant breastfeeding before referral for frenotomy. Randomized controlled trials of optimized lactation support vs. frenotomy and of scissors vs laser in performance of frenotomy are needed.
Roxadustat promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss by stabilizing HIF-1α and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Li Luyao , Li Afang , Zhu Li , Gan Liangying , Zuo Li 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Osteoporosis is a very common skeletal disorder that increases the risk of fractures. However, the treatment of osteoporosis is challenging. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in bone metabolism. Roxadustat is a novel HIF stabilizer, and its effects on bone metabolism remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of roxadustat on osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model.

Methods
In vitro, primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts were treated with roxadustat. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extracellular matrix mineralization were assessed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of osteogenic markers were detected. The effects of roxadustat on the HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin pathways were evaluated. Furthermore, osteoblast differentiation was assessed again after HIF-1α expression knockdown or inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. In vivo, roxadustat was administered orally to OVX rats for 12 weeks. Then, bone histomorphometric analysis was performed. The protein expression levels of the osteogenic markers HIF-1α and β-catenin in bone tissue were detected.

Results
In vitro, roxadustat significantly increased ALP staining intensity, enhanced matrix mineralization and upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers at the mRNA and protein levels in osteoblasts compared with the control group. Roxadustat activated the HIF-1α and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. HIF-1α knockdown or Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition significantly attenuated roxadustat-promoted osteoblast differentiation. In vivo, roxadustat administration improved bone microarchitecture deterioration and alleviated bone loss in OVX rats by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Roxadustat upregulated the protein expression levels of the osteogenic markers, HIF-1α and β-catenin in the bone tissue of OVX rats.

Conclusion
Roxadustat promoted osteoblast differentiation and prevented bone loss in OVX rats. The use of roxadustat may be a new promising strategy to treat osteoporosis.
Transition to adult care of young patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and cognitive deficits: a single-centre study
Authors: Lausdahl S. , Handrup M. M. , Rubak S. L. , Jensen M. D. , Ejerskov C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The transition of adolescents to adult care is known to be challenging. Studies indicate that patients with a chronic disease and cognitive deficits are at risk of inadequate transition to adult care, which eventually may result in disease deterioration. This study investigated the transition process for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and discussed whether patients with NF1 and cognitive deficits should receive additional attention in their transitional period.

Method
A self-reported online questionnaire assessing disease severity, cognitive deficits, psychiatric diagnoses as well as transition experiences was completed by patients with NF1 aged 15–25-years. Patients were assigned to a national NF1 expert centre covering the western part of Denmark. Furthermore, a retrospective medical chart review was performed, and data were collected to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses.

Results
The questionnaire was completed by 41/103 (39%), median age 20 [range 15; 25] years. Medical chart review was performed in 103 patients, median age 20 [range 15; 25]. Participants reporting the transition as difficult all received special needs education, six reported executive function deficits and three out of seven had a psychiatric diagnosis. Fifteen (37%) questionnaire participants reported a wish for more information about the natural history and the prognosis of NF1. The prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses was 24% in the questionnaire survey and 30% in the medical chart review.

Conclusion
This study suggests a need of additional care for patients with NF1 and cognitive deficits including psychiatric disorders during their transition to adult care. In addition, it suggests a need for more information on and education in long-term prospects and mental health issues for patients with NF1.
Adult newcomers’ perceptions of access to care and differences in health systems after relocation from Syria
Authors: Carter Nancy , Carroll Sandra , Aljbour Rawan , Nair Kalpana , Wahoush Olive 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In Canada, approximately 13% of the population lives with multiple chronic conditions. Newcomers, including refugees, have the same or higher risk of developing chronic diseases as their host population. In 2015–2016, Canada welcomed almost 40, 000 newcomers from Syria. This study aimed to (1) understand adult newcomer health needs for self-management of non-infectious chronic conditions; and (2) identify strategies to improve access to health care services to meet these needs.

Methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with consenting newcomers, service providers and community agency administrators. Interview guides were developed with input from community partners and snowball sampling was used.

Results
Participants included 22 Syrian newcomers and 8 service providers/administrators. Findings revealed the initial year of arrival as one of multiple adjustments, often rendering chronic disease management to a lower priority. Self-care and self-management were not routinely incorporated into newcomer lives though community health agencies were proactive in creating opportunities to learn self-management practices. Gaps in access to care were prevalent, including mental health services which typically were not well developed for trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly for men. Newcomers expressed frustration with lengthy wait times and not being able to access specialists directly. Youth frequently played a key role in translation and disseminating information about services to their families.

Conclusion
Chronic disease management was a low priority for newcomers who were focussed on resettlement issues such as learning English or finding work. Provision of practical supports such as bus tickets, translation, and information about the healthcare system were identified as means of improving access to care.