bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-50  fs pulses at 2050  nm from a picosecond Ho:YLF laser using a two-stage Kagome-fiber-based compressor
Authors: Murari Krishna , Cirmi Giovanni , Cankaya Hüseyin , Stein Gregory J. , Debord Benoit , Gérôme Frederic , Ritzkosky Felix , Benabid Fetah , Muecke Oliver , Kärtner Franz X. 
Published: January 2022

The high-energy few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulse beyond 2 μm is of immense importance for attosecond science and strong-field physics. However, the limited gain bandwidth of laser crystals such as Ho:YLF and Ho:YAG allows the generation of picosecond (ps) long pulses and, hence, makes it challenging to generate few-cycle pulse at 2 μm without utilizing an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA). Moreover, the exclusive use of the near-infrared wavelength has limited the generation of wavelengths beyond 4 μm (OPCPA). Furthermore, high harmonic generation (HHG) conversion efficiency reduces dramatically when driven by a long-wavelength laser. Novel schemes such as multi-color HHG have been proposed to enhance the harmonic flux. Therefore, it is highly desirable to generate few-cycle to femtosecond pulses from a 2 μm laser for driving these experiments. Here, we utilize two-stage nonlinear spectral broadening and pulse compression based on the Kagome-type hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) to compress few-ps pulses to sub-50 fs from a Ho:YLF amplifier at 2 μm at 1 kHz repetition rate. We demonstrate both experimentally and numerically the compression of 3.3 ps at 140 μJ pulses to 48 fs at 11 μJ with focal intensity reaching

10

13

W
/

cm

2

. Thereby, this system can be used for driving HHG in solids at 2 μm. In the first stage, the pulses are spectrally broadened in Kagome fiber and compressed in a silicon-based prism compressor to 285 fs at a pulse energy of 90 μJ. In the second stage, the 285 fs pulse is self-compressed in air-filled HC-PCF. With fine-tuning of the group delay dispersion (GDD) externally in a 3 mm window, a compressed pulse of 48 fs is achieved. This leads to a 70-fold compression of the ps pulses at 2050 nm. We further used the sub-50 fs laser pulses to generate white light by focusing the pulse into a thin medium of YAG.
Ultrafast photocarrier and coherent phonon dynamics in type-II Dirac semimetal PtTe2 thin films probed by optical spectroscopy
Authors: Suo Peng , Yan Shengnan , Pu Ruihua , Zhang Wenjie , Li Di , Chen Jiaming , Fu Jibo , Lin Xian , Miao Feng , Liang Shi-Jun , Liu Weimin , Ma Guohong 
Published: January 2022

We report the ultrafast photocarrier dynamics and coherent phonon excitation in type-II Dirac semimetal platinum ditelluride (

PtTe

2

) thin films via femtosecond (fs) pump-probe spectroscopy at room temperature. Quantitative analysis revealed that the incoherent electronic relaxation consists of two components: a subpicosecond fast relaxation process and a slow component with a time constant of hundreds of picoseconds (ps). Furthermore, the launch of a coherent acoustic phonon (CAP) in the 20 nm film but absence in the 6.8 nm film uncovers the dominant role of temperature gradient in producing a strain wave. The sound velocity and Young’s modulus in the thick

PtTe

2

are determined to be 1.736 km/s and 29.5 GPa, respectively. In addition, the coherent optical phonon (COP) with a frequency of 4.7 THz corresponding to Te atoms out-of-plane

A

1
g

vibration has been well resolved in all films, which is ascribed to displacive excitation of coherent phonon (DECP). The observation of a strong probe-wavelength dependent COP amplitude reveals the resonant feature of the optical excitation-induced atomic displacement in

PtTe

2

. Our findings provide deep insight into the excitation and dynamics of CAP and COP as well as the photocarriers’ recovery pathway and lifetimes in

PtTe

2

. Our study also demonstrates that the COP spectroscopy is a powerful tool to reveal the modulation of frequency-dependent optical constants induced by atomic vibrations, which may find applications in the fields of optoelectronics and ultrafast photonics.
Development of an artificial intelligence-based algorithm to classify images acquired with an intraoral scanner of individual molar teeth into three categories
Authors: Eto Nozomi , Yamazoe Junichi , Tsuji Akiko , Wada Naohisa , Ikeda Noriaki 
Published: January 2022

Background
Forensic dentistry identifies deceased individuals by comparing postmortem dental charts, oral-cavity pictures and dental X-ray images with antemortem records. However, conventional forensic dentistry methods are time-consuming and thus unable to rapidly identify large numbers of victims following a large-scale disaster.

Objective
Our goal is to automate the dental filing process by using intraoral scanner images. In this study, we generated and evaluated an artificial intelligence-based algorithm that classified images of individual molar teeth into three categories: (1) full metallic crown (FMC); (2) partial metallic restoration (In); or (3) sound tooth, carious tooth or non-metallic restoration (CNMR).

Methods
A pre-trained model was created using oral-cavity pictures from patients. Then, the algorithm was generated through transfer learning and training with images acquired from cadavers by intraoral scanning. Cross-validation was performed to reduce bias. The ability of the model to classify molar teeth into the three categories (FMC, In or CNMR) was evaluated using four criteria: precision, recall, F-measure and overall accuracy.

Results
The average value (variance) was 0.952 (0.000140) for recall, 0.957 (0.0000614) for precision, 0.952 (0.000145) for F-measure, and 0.952 (0.000142) for overall accuracy when the algorithm was used to classify images of molar teeth acquired from cadavers by intraoral scanning.

Conclusion
We have created an artificial intelligence-based algorithm that analyzes images acquired with an intraoral scanner and classifies molar teeth into one of three types (FMC, In or CNMR) based on the presence/absence of metallic restorations. Furthermore, the accuracy of the algorithm reached about 95%. This algorithm was constructed as a first step toward the development of an automated system that generates dental charts from images acquired by an intraoral scanner. The availability of such a system would greatly increase the efficiency of personal identification in the event of a major disaster.
Utilization of preconception care and associated factors in Hosanna Town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Wegene Meron Admasu , Gejo Negeso Gebeyehu , Bedecha Daniel Yohannes , Kerbo Amene Abebe , Hagisso Shemsu Nuriye , Damtew Solomon Abrha 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
There is substantial body of evidence that portrays gap in the existing maternal and child health continuum of care; one is less attention given to adolescent girls and young women until they get pregnant. Besides, antenatal care is too late to reduce the harmful effects that a woman’s may have on the fetus during the critical period of organogenesis. Fortunately, preconception care can fill these gaps, enhance well-being of women and couples and improve subsequent pregnancy and child health outcomes. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to assess preconception care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of public health facilities in Hosanna town.

Methods
A facility based cross-sectional study design was carried out from July 30, 2020 to August 30, 2020. Data were collected through face-to-face interview among 400 eligible pregnant women through systematic sampling technique. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 24 was used for data entry and analysis respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify association between dependent and independent variables. Crude and adjusted odds ratio with respective 95% confidence intervals was computed and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05.

Result
This study revealed that 76 (19%, 95% Cl (15.3, 23.2) study participants had utilized preconception care. History of family planning use before the current pregnancy (AOR = 2.45; 95% Cl (1.270, 4.741), previous history of adverse birth outcomes (AOR = 3.15; 95% Cl (1.650, 6.005), poor knowledge on preconception care (AOR = 0.18; 95% Cl (0.084, 0.379) and receiving counseling on preconception care previously (AOR = 2.82; 95% Cl (1.221, 6.493) were significantly associated with preconception care utilization.

Conclusions
The present study revealed that nearly one-fifth of pregnant women have utilized preconception care services. History of family planning use before the current pregnancy, previous history of adverse birth outcomes, poor knowledge on preconception care and receiving counseling on preconception care previously were significantly associated with preconception care utilization. Integrating preconception care services with other maternal neonatal child health, improving women’s/couples knowledge & strengthening counseling services is pivotal.
Identification of an early-stage Parkinson’s disease neuromarker using event-related potentials, brain network analytics and machine-learning
Authors: Hassin-Baer Sharon , Cohen Oren S. , Israeli-Korn Simon , Yahalom Gilad , Benizri Sandra , Sand Daniel , Issachar Gil , Geva Amir B. , Shani-Hershkovich Revital , Peremen Ziv 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of developing a biomarker that can discriminate early-stage Parkinson’s disease from healthy brain function using electroencephalography (EEG) event-related potentials (ERPs) in combination with Brain Network Analytics (BNA) technology and machine learning (ML) algorithms.BackgroundCurrently, diagnosis of PD depends mainly on motor signs and symptoms. However, there is need for biomarkers that detect PD at an earlier stage to allow intervention and monitoring of potential disease-modifying therapies. Cognitive impairment may appear before motor symptoms, and it tends to worsen with disease progression. While ERPs obtained during cognitive tasks performance represent processing stages of cognitive brain functions, they have not yet been established as sensitive or specific markers for early-stage PD.MethodsNineteen PD patients (disease duration of ≤2 years) and 30 healthy controls (HC) underwent EEG recording while performing visual Go/No-Go and auditory Oddball cognitive tasks. ERPs were analyzed by the BNA technology, and a ML algorithm identified a combination of features that distinguish early PD from HC. We used a logistic regression classifier with a 10-fold cross-validation.ResultsThe ML algorithm identified a neuromarker comprising 15 BNA features that discriminated early PD patients from HC. The area-under-the-curve of the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.79. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.74 and 0.73, respectively. The five most important features could be classified into three cognitive functions: early sensory processing (P50 amplitude, N100 latency), filtering of information (P200 amplitude and topographic similarity), and response-locked activity (P-200 topographic similarity preceding the motor response in the visual Go/No-Go task).ConclusionsThis pilot study found that BNA can identify patients with early PD using an advanced analysis of ERPs. These results need to be validated in a larger PD patient sample and assessed for people with premotor phase of PD.
Retrospective study of toxoplasmosis prevalence in pregnant women in Benin and its relation with malaria
Authors: Dambrun Magalie , Dechavanne Célia , Guigue Nicolas , Briand Valérie , Candau Tristan , Fievet Nadine , Lohezic Murielle , Manoharan Saraniya , Sare Nawal , Viwami Firmine , Simon François , Houzé Sandrine , Migot-Nabias Florence 
Published: January 2022

Background
Globally distributed with variable prevalence depending on geography, toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. This disease is usually benign but poses a risk for immunocompromised people and for newborns of mothers with a primary infection during pregnancy because of the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). CT can cause severe damage to fetuses-newborns. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa on toxoplasmosis seroprevalence, seroconversion and CT in a large longitudinal cohort and furthermore, no observation has been made of potential relationships with malaria.

Methods
We performed a retrospective toxoplasmosis serological study using available samples from a large cohort of 1,037 pregnant women who were enrolled in a malaria follow-up during the 2008–2010 period in a rural area in Benin. We also used some existing data to investigate potential relationships between the maternal toxoplasmosis serological status and recorded malaria infections.

Results
Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence, seroconversion and CT rates were 52.6%, 3.4% and 0.2%, respectively, reflecting the population situation of toxoplasmosis, without targeted medical intervention. The education level influences the toxoplasmosis serological status of women, with women with little or no formal education have greater immunity than others. Surprisingly, toxoplasmosis seropositive pregnant women tended to present lower malaria infection during pregnancy (number) or at delivery (presence) and to have lower IgG levels to Plasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1, compared to toxoplasmosis seronegative women.

Conclusions
The high toxoplasmosis seroprevalence indicates that prevention against this parasite remains important to deploy and must be accessible and understandable to and for all individuals (educated and non-educated). A potential protective role against malaria conferred by a preexisting toxoplasmosis infection needs to be explored more precisely to examine the environmental, parasitic and/or immune aspects.
Communities’ perceptions towards cervical cancer and its screening in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Demissie Birhanu Wondimeneh , Azeze Gedion Asnake , Asseffa Netsanet Abera , Lake Eyasu Alem , Besha Befekadu Bekele , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe , Mokonnon Taklu Marama , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Obsa Mohammed Suleiman 
Published: January 2022

Background
Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm from cells originating in the cervix uteri. Any woman who is sexually active is at risk of getting HPV. Women in sub-Saharan Africa region have higher chance of developing the disease. There are nearly 26 million Ethiopian women who are over the age of 15 and believed to be at risk of getting HPV. Regrettably, Ethiopian women typically present for cervical cancer care at a late stage in the disease, where treatment is most ineffective.

Objectives
To explore communities’ perceptions of cervical cancer and screening among women in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A qualitative research using focused group discussions and in-depth interviews was used to explore communities’ perceptions of cervical cancer and screening among women in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia from March 2018-November 2019. The study participants were men, women and communities who were residents of the study settings and were not health professionals. All focused group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews were transcribed and entered into Microsoft Word and thematic content analysis was done.

Results
A total of fifty-nine participants participated in both FGD (three with men and six with women) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Most participants have not heard about cervical cancer but know cancer in general. Participants mentioned that the disease usually relates to many births and unprotected sexual intercourse but none mentioned HPV infection. Most of the participants perceive that cervical cancer is incurable and assume that it could be prevented but they think they are not vulnerable to the disease and screening is not necessary.

Conclusion
This study indicates that rural communities in the zone had limited knowledge about cervical cancer and even less about risk factors, screening, treatment and prevention. There is a great need for cancer education and prevention in Ethiopia.
BITES study: A qualitative analysis among emergency medicine physicians on snake envenomation management practices
Authors: Tupetz Anna , Barcenas Loren K. , Phillips Ashley J. , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Gerardo Charles J. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Antivenom is currently considered standard treatment across the full spectrum of severity for snake envenomation in the United States. Although safe and effective antivenoms exist, their use in clinical practice is not universal.

Objective
This study explored physicians’ perceptions of antivenom use and experience with snake envenomation treatment in order to identify factors that influence treatment decisions and willingness to administer.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study including in-depth interviews via online video conferencing with physicians practicing in emergency departments across the United States. Participants were selected based on purposive sampling methods. Data analysis followed inductive strategies, conducted by two researchers. The codebook and findings were discussed within the research team.

Findings
Sixteen in-depth interviews with physicians from nine states across the US were conducted. The participants’ specialties include emergency medicine (EM), pediatric EM, and toxicology. The experience of treating snakebites ranged from only didactic education to having treated over 100 cases. Emergent themes for this manuscript from the interview data included perceptions of antivenom, willingness to administer antivenom and influencing factors to antivenom usage. Overall, cost-related concerns were a major barrier to antivenom administration, especially in cases where the indications and effectiveness did not clearly outweigh the potential financial burden on the patient in non-life- or limb-threatening cases. The potential to decrease recovery time and long-term functional impairments was not commonly reported by participants as an indication for antivenom. In addition, level of exposure and perceived competence, based on prior education and clinical experience, further impacted the decision to treat. Resources such as Poison Center Call lines were well received and commonly used to guide the treatment plan. The need for better clinical guidelines and updated treatment algorithms with clinical and measurable indicators was stated to help the decision-making process, especially among those with low exposure to snake envenomation patients.

Conclusions
A major barrier to physician use of antivenom is a concern about cost, cost transparency and cost–benefit for the patients. Those concerns, in addition to the varying degrees of awareness of potential long-term benefits, further influence inconsistent clinical treatment practices.
ZOOINWEKTYWY W RÓŻNYCH ODMIANACH JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO I UKRAIŃSKIEGO
Authors: SOJKA-MASZTALERZ HELENA 
Published: January 2022

Appelatives having an insulting function have been used since the earliest times. Nowadays, they are present in standard language and in substandard types of language (sociolects). The aim of the article is to show that animal-related invectives are more and more frequently usedin order to express negative emotions towards the receiver. In Polish and Ukrainian, the number of animal-related invectives increases but also semantics of the words broaden as the meaning of those words originally referred to the name of a given animal. The lexemes were analyzed and divided into two groups: names of animals that have several meanings, but some of them overlap (pl. baran – ukr. бapaн, pl. cap – ukr. цaп, pl. krowa – ukr. кopoвa) and names that have completely different meanings in the two languages (pl. wydra – ukr. видpa, pl. larwa – ukr. ляpвa, pl. szakal – ukr. шaкaл).
Generating semantic maps through multidimensional scaling: linguistic applications and theory
Authors: van der Klis Martijn , Tellings Jos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the state-of-the-art in application of multidimensional scaling (MDS) techniques to create semantic maps in linguistic research. MDS refers to a statistical technique that represents objects (lexical items, linguistic contexts, languages, etc.) as points in a space so that close similarity between the objects corresponds to close distances between the corresponding points in the representation. We focus on the use of MDS in combination with parallel corpus data as used in research on cross-linguistic variation. We first introduce the mathematical foundations of MDS and then give an exhaustive overview of past research that employs MDS techniques in combination with parallel corpus data. We propose a set of terminology to succinctly describe the key parameters of a particular MDS application. We then show that this computational methodology is theory-neutral, i.e. it can be employed to answer research questions in a variety of linguistic theoretical frameworks. Finally, we show how this leads to two lines of future developments for MDS research in linguistics.
A comprehensive review on green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their diverse biomedical applications
Authors: Sagadevan Suresh , Imteyaz Shahla , Murugan Baranya , Anita Lett Jayasingh , Sridewi Nanthini , Weldegebrieal Getu Kassegn , Fatimah Is , Oh Won-Chun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have found a variety of applications in numerous industrial, medical, and environmental fields s, attributable to recent advances in the nanotechnology field. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have gained importance as metal oxide NPs due to their potential in various fields, particularly nanomedicine and other biomedicine fields. Several studies have confirmed that NPs produced via the biosynthesis route using natural resources have significant advantages such as fewer toxic contaminants, less subsequent complex chemical synthesis, environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and stability when compared to NPs produced by conventional methods, and its production with controlled shapes and sizes. Therefore, considerable effort is being expended to implement biological synthesis methods with these proven advantages. TiO2-NPs can be made using a variety of biological, chemical, and physical methods. Physicochemical methods are costly, emit high levels of toxic chemicals into the atmosphere, and consume a lot of energy. On the other hand, the biological approach is an environmentally safe, cost-effective, dependable, convenient, and easy way to synthesize TiO2-NPs. In this review, the bio-mediated synthesis, as well as various biomedical applications of TiO2-NPs, were discussed.
Stability analysis of nonlinear impulsive switched positive systems
Authors: Lin Yanzi , Zhao Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the global asymptotic stability (GAS) of continuous-time and discrete-time nonlinear impulsive switched positive systems (NISPS) are studied. For continuous-time and discrete-time NISPS, switching signals and impulse signals coexist. For both of these systems, using the multiple max-separable Lyapunov function method and average dwell-time (ADT) method, some sufficient conditions on GAS are given. Based on these, the GAS criteria are also given for continuous-time and discrete-time linear impulsive switched positive systems (LISPS). From our criteria, the stability of the systems can be judged directly from the characteristics of the system functions, switching signals and impulse signals of the systems. Finally, simulation examples verify the validity of the results.