bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding Efficiency Of Web Application Firewall
Authors: Malleswari D.Naga , Chintala Radhika Rani , Kodukula Subrahmanyam 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Today, with the Evolution of technology and tools like computer systems, mobiles, tablets pieces use these http as default protocol. The fact is a huge amount of data transactions are being processed due to these the http protocol. Because of this reason http protocol is becoming a target to attackers. It is important to analyze traffic between various protocols to seek attack attempts and also take certain measures to prevent them from these attackers. In this we are going to evaluate the effectiveness of web application firewall by using Confusion matrix plots we use R studio as a tool for finding out the results. We focus on the Precision, Recall, Sensitivity, Accuracy and False Positive Rate with the help of random numbers. we used different classifiers to test the detection accuracies. The experiments show that we can also find effectiveness in a better way.
Image improvement of temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy via superior spatial modulation excitation and Hilbert-Huang transform decomposition
Authors: Hu Yvonne Yuling , Lin Chun-Yu , Chang Chia-Yuan , Lo Yuan-Long , Chen Shean-Jen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Temporal focusing-based multiphoton excitation microscopy (TFMPEM) just provides the advantage of widefield optical sectioning ability with axial resolution of several micrometers. However, under the plane excitation, the photons emitted from the molecules in turbid tissues undergo scattering, resulting in complicated background noise and an impaired widefield image quality. Accordingly, this study constructs a theoretical model of TFMPEM utilizing Fourier optics and performs numerical simulations to determine the optimal spatial frequency and orientation of the structured pattern which maximize the axial excitation confinement. It is shown experimentally that the optimized pattern minimizes the intensity of the out-of-focus signal, and hence improves the quality of the image reconstructed using the Hilbert transform (HT). However, the square-like reflection components on digital micromirror device leads to pattern residuals in the demodulated image when applying high spatial frequency of structured pattern. Accordingly, the HT is replaced with Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) in order to sift out the low-frequency background noise and pattern residuals in the demodulation process. The experimental results obtained using a kidney tissue sample show that the HHT yields a significant improvement in the TFMPEM image quality.
ITGB3 and its related molecules are key regulatory mechanisms in cesarean scar pregnancy by proteomics and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Qu Zai-qing , Luo Zhan-qing , Zhu Bei , Lu Xiao-ning , Xing Chen-yu , Cao Xue , You Ding-yun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is life-threatening, and the number of patients with CSP is rapidly increasing in China. However, the pathogenesis of CSP is still unclear due to the lack of macroscopic data due to spatial and temporal constraints. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the key regulatory molecules and mechanisms of CSP through a multi-omics approach.MethodsProteomics was used to detect proteins expression in deciduas and villus from six clinical patients clinical patients. Gene expression datasets were downloaded using the GEO and SRA databases. Bioinformatics analysis was performed in a series of databases and software such as DAVID, Metascape and STRING. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27, and P < 0.05 was statistically significant.ResultsThe occurrence of CSP has common DEGs with cesarean delivery (CD) and embryo implantation (EI). Enrichment analysis revealed that Biological Process and the KEGG pathway are associated with the adhesion process, with the involvement of ITGB3, ITGA2B and VTN. ITGB3 expression was significantly downregulated after CD compared to spontaneous delivery, and then increased after another pregnancy compared to normal pregnancy.ConclusionsThe occurrence of CSP is inevitably associated with CD and EI. ITGB3, ITGA2B, and VTN may act as key molecules for CSP by activating the focal adhesion signaling pathway. The rebound effect of ITGB3 is a key regulatory mechanism for CSP formation.
Reference gene selection in bovine caruncular epithelial cells under pregnancy-associated hormones exposure
Authors: Sozoniuk Magdalena , Jamioł Monika , Kankofer Marta , Kowalczyk Krzysztof 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Examination of transcriptional regulation occurring during pregnancy establishment and maintenance requires the identification of endogenous reference genes characterized by high expression stability. Since the expression of some reference genes may be modulated by pregnancy-associated hormones, the goal of our study was to identify suitable reference genes unaffected by hormonal treatment. In our study bovine caruncular epithelial cells were subjected to progesterone, estrogen and prostaglandin F2α treatment. Ten candidate reference genes (ACTR1A, CNOT11, HDAC1, HPRT1, RPL19, RPS9, SDHA, SUZ12, UXT and ZNF131) were evaluated with the use of four approaches (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, delta Ct). We found that RPS9 and SUZ12 displayed the highest expression stability in the tested material. Moreover, HPRT1 and SDHA were found inappropriate for RT-qPCR data normalization as they demonstrated the highest expression variability out of all candidates analysed. Hence geNorm calculations shown that the use of just two best-performing genes would be sufficient for obtaining reliable results, we propose that RPS9 and SUZ12 be used as suitable endogenous controls in future studies investigating gene expression in normal and compromised pregnancies.
Comparative Quantification of 14 Bioactive Compounds in Camellia ptilophylla and Camellia sinensis
Authors: Ying Sihui , Huang Qiuyan , Lu Sen , Gao Xiong , Chen Zhongzheng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaoshan , Li Bin , Lin Xiaorong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Camellia ptilophylla is a rare tea species discovered in southern China which naturally containing low caffeine but high theobromine, high trans-catechin, and two special polyphenols, gallocatechin-3,5-digallate and 1,2,4,6-tetragalloyl glucose. But the commonly-used methods for the quantification of tea bioactive compounds do not cover these two special polyphenols, limiting the systematical phytochemical analysis of Camellia ptilophylla. Herein, we explored a high-performance liquid chromatography-based method to quantify 14 bioactive compounds including three methylxanthines, eight catechin monomers, gallic acid, gallocatechin-3,5-digallate, and 1,2,4,6-tetragalloyl glucose, and applied it on Camellia ptilophylla and six typical Chinese teas from Camellia sinensis. The present method facilitated the effective separation of 14 tea bioactive compounds within 35 min with good linearity (R2 ≥0.9999), excellent sensitivity and reproducibility with a limit of detection of 1.2272-19.7611 ng/mL and a relative standard deviation lower than 4.1%, and satisfactory recoveries of the spiked samples of 95.57%-106.93% with the relative standard deviation lower than 5%. Basing on this method, the characteristics of high theobromine (3.4-4.8%), low caffeine (0.01-0.2%), high gallocatechin gallate (6.3-8.1%) and catechin (C, 2.2-3.4%), low epigallocatechin gallate (2.2-3.0%) and epicatechin (0.3-0.6%), and containing gallocatechin-3,5-digallate (0.6-0.9%) and 1,2,4,6-tetragalloyl glucose (0.5-1.1%) of Camellia ptilophylla were confirmed. This unique profile of bioactive compounds was not found in six typical Chinese teas from Camellia sinensis. In conclusion, theobromine, gallocatechin gallate, catechin, gallocatechin-3,5-digallate, and 1,2,4,6-tetragalloyl glucose with steadily high content were recognized as the characteristic bioactive components of Camellia ptilophylla.
A tEMTing target? - Clinical and Experimental Evidence for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Progression of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (A Scoping Systematic Review)
Authors: Genenger Benjamin , Perry Jay R. , Ashford Bruce , Ranson Marie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a disease with globally rising incidence and poor prognosis for patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a driver of metastasis in many carcinomas, and cSCC is no exception. We aimed to provide a systematic overview of the clinical and experimental evidence for EMT in cSCC, with critical appraisal of type and quality of the methodology used. We then used this information as rationale for potential drug targets against advanced and metastatic cSCC. All primary literature encompassing clinical and cell-based or xenograft experimental studies reporting on the role of EMT markers or related signalling pathways in the progression of cSCC were considered. A screen of 3443 search results yielded 86 eligible studies comprising 44 experimental studies, 22 clinical studies, and 20 studies integrating both. From the clinical studies a timeline illustrating the alteration of EMT markers and related signalling was evident based on clinical progression of the disease. The experimental studies reveal connections of EMT with a multitude of factors such as genetic disorders, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and matrix remodelling via matrix metalloproteinases and urokinase plasminogen activator. Additionally, EMT was found to be closely tied to environmental factors as well as to stemness in cSCC via NFκB and β-catenin. We conclude that the canonical EGFR, canonical TGF-βR, PI3K/AKT and NFκB signalling are the four signalling pillars that induce EMT in cSCC and could be valuable therapeutic targets. Despite the complexity, EMT markers and pathways are desirable biomarkers and drug targets for the treatment of advanced or metastatic cSCC.
Benefit-Oriented Task Offloading in UAV-Aided Mobile Edge Computing: An Approximate Solution
Authors: Gao Yu , Tao Jun , Wang Haotian , Wang Zuyan , Zou Dikai , Xu Yifan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, adopting UAVs equipped with the edge computing platform to provide computing service has been considered as a promising approach for resource-limited devices in mobile edge computing (MEC). Unfortunately, the limited resources (e.g., energy, computing and communication) of the UAV may significantly restrict its service capability, which means it has to selectively provide task offloading service to achieve the maximal benefit. In this article, aiming at optimizing the overall benefit of the UAV in a single dispatch, we propose an approximate Benefit Maximizing Task Offloading (BMTO) algorithm, which jointly considers the trajectory scheduling of the UAV and the offloading strategy of tasks. Specially, the flight path of the UAV is decomposed into several hover sites, which are selected by a benefit-cost approach. And the offloading sequence of tasks is arranged to maximize the benefit of the UAV through a surrogate function, which is proved to be a nonnegative monotone submodular function. Thus we transform the original problem into a submodular maximization problem and theoretically prove that BMTO owns an approximation ratio of 1/2(1-1/e). Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmark algorithms in terms of total benefit as well as energy efficiency ratio.
Social function and associated factors among the elderly with visual impairment in northeast China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zong Wei , Xie Zhongfei , Liu Shan , Wang Aiping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of social function in the elderly with visual impairment and analyzed the influencing factors of social function. Methods: The general information, social function, anxiety and depression of 211 elderly persons with visual impairment were investigated by general information questionnaire, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHO-DAS Ⅱ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS). The data were described by frequency, percentage, mean ± standard deviation, median and quartile. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to describe the influencing factors of social function in the elderly with visual impairment.Results: The average score of social function of the elderly with visual impairment was 50.10 ±15.470, the score range was 10 to 87. 211 cases of elderly with visual impairment had social function impairment, 198 cases (93.84%) had moderate or above impairment. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, residence status, diabetic retinopathy, vision status, anxiety and depression degree of social function impairment (P<0.05). Multiple regression results showed that age, visual status, residence status, anxiety and depression were the influencing factors of social function in the elderly with visual impairment (P<0.05).Conclusions: The social function damage of the elderly with visual impairment is more serious, especially with advanced age, poor vision and poor psychological quality.
Triplet born radical pairs and the low field effect
Authors: Woodward Jonathan Roger 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The importance of photochemical reactions proceeding through the formation of spin-correlated radical pairs is becoming increasingly apparent, due to their roles in biological magnetic field sensing and optoelectronic devices. Here we consider the spin-dynamics of triplet born radical pairs under varying weak magnetic field conditions and in doing so provide a simplified model for understanding the low field effect (LFE) by identifying triplet states that cannot undergo coherent mixing to singlet states in zero magnetic field.
Does landscape management influence communities of Psyllopsis and natural enemies on ash trees, Fraxinus excelsior L.?
Authors: Fathi Seyed Ali Asghar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The impact of landscape management was assessed on communities of Psyllopsis and natural enemies on ash trees, ­Fraxinus excelsior L. over two growing seasons, 2019 and 2020, in the Shorabil park, Iran. Experimental treatments were cultivating of (1) red clover (C), Trifolium pratense L., (2) rosemary (R), Rosmarinus officinalis L., (3) ornamental cabbage (O), Brassica oleracea, and (4) grass (G), as cover plants around ash trees (A). Three psyllids: Psyllopsis repens Loginova, P. securicola Loginova, and P. machinosus Loginova were collected on ash trees. Which, P. repens with a relative abundance of 73.1% - 80.7% was the main Psyllopsis species on trees. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in the population of Psyllopsis, the number of leaf-roll galls, and means of bud-cone-like structures per branch were seen in A-C and A-R plots compared with A-O and A-G treatments. The abundance of Psyllopsis predators per branch was higher in A-C plots than in the other three treatments. The greatest values of the Shannon diversity index (H΄ = 1.98 in 2019 and 1.94 in 2020) and the Pielou's evenness index (J' = 0.90 in 2019 and 0.88 in 2020) for Psyllopsis predators were recorded in A-C plots. The highest parasitism rate of Psyllopsis nymphs by Psyllaephagus claripes Trjapitzin, among treatments, was seen in A-C plots, 34.2 % in 2019 and 29.4 % in 2020. These results indicated that cultivating clover around ash trees could be an effective environmentally-friendly practice in managing Psyllopsis infestations and natural enemies’ communities in the parks.
Hohenbergia erecta (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae), a new once-branched species from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state, Brazil
Authors: Cavalcante Brayan Paiva , Silva Kleber Resende , Souza Everton Hilo , Versieux Leonardo M. , Martinelli Adriana Pinheiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hohenbergia is one the most diverse genus in Bahia state, inhabits almost all region of the state. As a result of ongoing studies on the genus Hohenbergia in Bahia, Brazil, here we describe and illustrate Hohenbergia erecta, endemic to the municipality of Mucugê, at Chapada Diamantina. Hohenbergia erecta differs from its morphologically related, H. catingae, by an elongated aspect provided by the tubular rosette (vs short stem with a crateriform rosette), and a once-branched cylindrical inflorescence (vs 2–3-brached pyramidal inflorescence), with branches congested at the apex (vs branches laxly arranged). Due to a small distribution area in the Caatinga forest and based on a spatial analysis we categorized it as Endangered (EN), following the IUCN criteria. Hohenbergia erecta is endemic of the central region of Chapada Diamantina, being described as dominant in the area, where no other Hohenbergia species inhabits. It is important, however, that new field expeditions are conducted in the region to observe the richness of the genus at Chapada Diamantina.
Effect of genotype on fertility and hatchability of FUNAAB-Alpha chicken
Authors: Boluwatife Jeremiah Taiwo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the effect of genotype, used as a treatment on fertility, hatchability and embryonic mortality of FUNAAB Alpha indigenous chicken. During the cause of the project, a total of 100 birds commercial lines of FUNAAB Alpha of the Genotypes that includes, Naked Neck, Frizzle, Normal feather maintained at the Pearl unit at the directorates of university farms and adequate feeding and water were administered to the birds all through the period of the project. Semen was obtained from sires using a standard procedure and inseminated into the dam to produce fertile eggs. Eggs were collected, labelled according to genotype and then transported to the hatchery unit where it was stored at a very low temperature, to retain the content inside the eggs. Eggs are set on weekly basis into the incubator, candling was carried out at the 18th day after setting the eggs, to identify fertile eggs. All contaminated, bangers and infertile eggs were discarded while the fertile eggs were set back into the incubator. All hatched eggs developed into chicks on the 21st day and all dead-in-shell and weak-in-shell were set aside and the estimated values for them were noted. At the end of the research, it was noted that all the genotype used in the cause of this project had significant effect on the percentage fertility and percentage dead-in-shell. However, percentage hatchability, percentage dead-in-germ and percentage weak-in-shell had no significant effect on all the genotype used in the cause of this project. This depicts that, genotype has a great influence on estimated hatchability and Dead-in-shell of the eggs, resulting in embryonic mortality of eggs. Dead-in-shell is higher in naked neck genotype, followed by normal feather and least in frizzle while weak-in-shell is high in normal feather, followed by naked neck and least in frizzle.
Neural networks for estimation of facial palsy after vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Rampp Stefan , Holze Magdalena , Scheller Christian , Strauss Christian , Prell Julian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Facial nerve damage in vestibular schwannoma surgery is associated with A-train patterns in free-running EMG, correlating with the degree of postoperative facial palsy. However, anatomy, preoperative functional status, tumor size and occurrence of A-trains clusters, i.e., sudden A-trains in most channels may further contribute. In the presented study, we examine neural networks to estimate postoperative facial function based on such features.
Methods
Data from 200 consecutive patients were used to train neural feed-forward networks (NN). Estimated and clinical postoperative House and Brackmann (HB) grades were compared. Different input sets were evaluated.
Results
Networks based on traintime, preoperative HB grade and tumor size achieved good estimation of postoperative HB grades (chi2 = 54.8), compared to using tumor size or mean traintime alone (chi2 = 30.6 and 31.9). Separate intermediate nerve or detection of A-train clusters did not improve performance. Removal of A-train cluster traintime improved results (chi2 = 54.8 vs. 51.3) in patients without separate intermediate nerve.
Conclusions
NN based on preoperative HB, traintime and tumor size provide good estimations of postoperative HB. The method is amenable to real-time implementation and supports integration of information from different sources. NN could enable multimodal facial nerve monitoring and improve postoperative outcomes.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Cervical Cancer Screening and Its Associated Factors Among Reproductive Age Women in Metekel Zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Northwest, Ethiopia.
Authors: Geathun Dereje 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women and recognized as a significant public health problem. Screening is acknowledged as the most effective approach for cervical cancer control. However, in Ethiopia, the existing screening programs are failing to achieve a significant impact.Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards cervical cancer screening and its associated factors among women in the reproductive age group, in the Metekel zone, Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2020.Methods: A community -based cross- sectional study design was employed on January 25 to 25, February, 2020, among reproductive age group women living in Benishangul-Gumuz. Multistage sampling, followed by a systematic sampling technique, was used to select 822 study participants. Data were entered using Epi-data version 4.1, and further analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis applied to assess the association of dependent variables with different independent variables. Adjusted Odd Ratio at a p-value less than 0.05 with a respected 95% confidence interval was used to declare the significant association.Results: A total number of 822 reproductive age women were included in this study giving a response rate of 100%. A bout 16.1% had adequate knowledge towards cervical cancer screening, 42.3 % had favorable attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Only 7.5% of women practiced cervical cancer screening. Higher education (AOR: 5.341, 95% CI: 2.808-10.159) were significantly associated with knowledge, and Adequate knowledge (AOR: 2,275:95%; CI 1.363-3.798) were significantly predictors of favorable attitude towards cervical cancer screening. Wealth status (AOR: 3.654; 95%CI: 1.347-9.913) was significantly associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening.Conclusion and recommendation: This study found that the level of knowledge, attitude and cervical cancer screening practice among reproductive-age women was sill unacceptably poor. So, the concerned body would aggressively strength program on health information dissemination targeted reproductive age women’s of the district community in order to create awareness and changing their attitude towards cervical cancer screening.
Quantitative phase measurements using 2-D discrete cosine transform in Hilbert phase microscopy
Authors: Radak Mahyar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Discrete cosine transform (DCT) is closely related to discrete Fourier transform. This is a separable linear conversion. It can be said that DCT is simpler and faster than DFT as well as FFT. DCT is suitable for extended periodic and symmetric sequences, while DFT is suitable for long periodic sequences. So DCTs are the equivalent of almost double-length DFTs that work on real data with uniform symmetry. Hilbert Phase Microscopy (HPM) is a shot in nature and is a new optical technique for measuring small, high-resolution transverse images associated with clear optical objects. In this paper, we introduce the phase extraction method of a simulated interference scheme with the cosine discrete Fourier transform algorithm in the Hilbert phase microscope.