bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mammographically occult breast cancers detected with AI-based diagnosis supporting software: clinical and histopathologic characteristics
Authors: Kim Hee Jeong , Kim Hak Hee , Kim Ki Hwan , Choi Woo Jung , Chae Eun Young , Shin Hee Jung , Cha Joo Hee , Shim Woo Hyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To demonstrate the value of an artificial intelligence (AI) software in the detection of mammographically occult breast cancers and to determine the clinicopathologic patterns of the cancers additionally detected using the AI software.

Methods
By retrospectively reviewing our institutional database (January 2017–September 2019), we identified women with mammographically occult breast cancers and analyzed their mammography with an AI software that provided a malignancy score (range 0–100; > 10 considered as positive). The hot spots in the AI report were compared with the US and MRI findings to determine if the cancers were correctly marked by the AI software. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the AI-detected cancers were analyzed and compared with those of undetected cancers.

Results
Among the 1890 breast cancers, 6.8% (128/1890) were mammographically occult, among which 38.3% (49/128) had positive results in the AI analysis. Of them, 81.6% (40/49) were correctly marked by the AI software and determined as “AI-detected cancers.” As such, 31.3% (40/128) of mammographically occult breast cancers could be identified by the AI software. Of the AI-detected cancers, 97.5% were found in heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts, 52.5% were asymptomatic, 86.5% were invasive, and 29.7% had axillary lymph node metastasis. Compared with undetected cancers, the AI-detected cancers were more likely to be found in younger patients (p < 0.001), undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy as well as mastectomy rather than breast-conserving operation (both p < 0.001), and accompany axillary lymph node metastasis (p = 0.003).

Conclusions
AI conferred an added value in the detection of mammographically occult breast cancers.
Expanded dengue syndrome presenting with acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, pancreatic involvement, coagulopathy, and multiple intracranial hemorrhages in a young child: a case report
Authors: Thadchanamoorthy V. , Dayasiri Kavinda 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that typically occurs in tropical and subtropical countries. The clinical manifestations of dengue infection range from an asymptomatic subclinical course to severe dengue shock syndrome. Besides, dengue can affect any organ in the body and can present with atypical manifestations.

Case presentation
We report a 6-year-old previously healthy Tamil child who had dengue complicated with multiorgan involvement. She initially presented with high fever, headache, body aches for 5 days, blood and mucus diarrhea, hematuria, and right knee joint swelling for 2 days. Dengue NS1 antigen was positive on day 2 of febrile illness. She was managed symptomatically in the local hospital for 3 days and transferred to the tertiary care hospital for further management. She was eventually diagnosed as having dengue hemorrhagic fever complicated with multiorgan involvement including acute liver failure, pancreatic involvement, coagulopathy, arthritis, acute kidney injury, and multiple intracranial hemorrhages. The constellation of disease manifestations was identified as expanded dengue syndrome. She was managed with fresh blood, platelet, and cryoprecipitate transfusions and intravenous antibiotics in addition to renal and liver support in the intensive care unit. On day 14 of illness, she deteriorated while on the ventilator and died due to multiple intracranial hemorrhages.

Conclusion
The reported child with dengue hemorrhagic fever developed several unusual presentations such as acute liver and renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, pancreatic involvement, and multiple intracranial hemorrhages, which form part of expanded dengue syndrome. In the seriously unwell child, it is important to look for unusual complications actively to improve outcomes.
Automated Reinforcement Management System (ARMS): focused phase I provider feedback
Authors: Smith Crystal L. , Rodin Nicole M. , Hwang Julie Y. , Miguel André Q. C. , Johnson Kim , McDonell Michael G. , McPherson Sterling M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use increases risk for morbidity and mortality and is associated with over 3 million annual deaths worldwide. Contingency Management (CM) is one of the most effective interventions for substance use disorders, and has recently been coupled with technologies to promote novel treatments for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Leveraging these technological advances, we are developing the Automated Reinforcement Management System (ARMS), an integrated CM system designed to enable CM treatment as a component of a digital therapeutic or adjunct therapy remotely to anyone with a smartphone.ObjectiveTo collect detailed provider feedback on ARMS and determine the need for modifications to make the system most feasible, acceptable, and useful to providers.MethodsSeven providers completed one-hour structured interviews/focus groups wherein we described the ARMS system and its application to clinical care. Providers viewed screen shots of the ARMS provider facing and patient facing systems. Providers gave feedback on their current AUD treatment practices, preferences for the functionality and appearance of the system, preferences for receipt of information on their patients, why they and their patients would or would not use the system, suggestions for improvement, and the proposed intervention overall. To analyze the qualitative data gathered, we used a qualitative descriptive approach with content analysis methods.ResultsThe overarching theme ofIndividualized Treatmentemerged throughout the interviews. This sentiment supports use of ARMS, as it is intended to supplement provider communication and intervention as an adjunctive and customizable tool with the ability to reach rural patients, not a stand-alone option. Themes ofAccountabilityandObjective Assessmentarose during discussions of why people would use the system. Themes within provider obstacles included, Information OverloadandClinical Relevance, and in patient obstacles,Sustained EngagementandSecurity Concerns. Two themes emerged regarding suggestions for improvement:Increasing AccessibilityandBi-directional Communication.DiscussionThemes from provider input are being used to modify ARMS to make it more user friendly, time saving, and relevant to treatment of AUD. If successful, ARMS will provide effective, individualized-digital therapeutic for those needing adjunctive treatment or those living in rural remote areas needing better connected care.
The prevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moradi Ghobad , Soheili Marzieh , Rashti Roya , Dehghanbanadaki Hojat , Nouri Elham , Zakaryaei Farima , Amini Elnaz Ezzati , Baiezeedi Sheno , Ahmadi Sanaz , Moradi Yousef 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in transgender and LGBT people and determine their pooled estimates worldwide.

Methods
Databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane, PsycInfo) were searched from April 2000 to July 2021. The analyses were executed using the random-effects model in Stata 16.

Results
Ten studies, including eight studies on four transgender people and two studies on 2150 LGBTs, were included. The pooled prevalence of HCV and HBV in all transgender populations globally were 9% (95% CI 3–15%) and 11% (95% CI 2–20%), respectively. The corresponding prevalence in male-to-female transgender people were estimated as 5% (95% CI 1–9%) and 6% (95% CI 3–10%), respectively. These estimates in American transgenders were 10% (95% CI 5–25%) and 16% (95% CI 8–23%), respectively.

Conclusion
This study was identified the overall prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in transgender people, which were higher than those in the general population.
Coproduction of xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose from sugarcane bagasse in subcritical CO2-assisted seawater system
Authors: Zhang Leping , Zhang Xiankun , Lei Fuhou , Jiang Jianxin , Ji Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbundant seawater resources can replace the shortage of freshwater resources. The co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose from sugarcane bagasse by subcritical CO2-assisted seawater pretreatment was studied in this paper. We investigated the effects of pretreatment conditions of temperature, CO2 pressure and reaction time on the yield of xylo-oligosaccharides in subcritical CO2-assisted seawater systems. The maximum xylo-oligosaccharide yield of 68.23% was obtained at 165 °C/2 MPa/5 min. After further enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid residue, the highest glucose yield of 94.45% was obtained. In this system, there is a synergistic effect of mixed ions in seawater and CO2 to depolymerize xylan into xylo-oligosaccharides with a lower degree of polymerization. At the same time, the addition of CO2 increased the pore size and porosity of sugarcane bagasse, improved the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and increased the yield of glucose. Therefore, this study provides a more environmentally friendly and sustainable process for the co-production of xylo-oligosaccharides and glucose from sugarcane bagasse, and improves the utilization of seawater resources.
Graphical Abstract
Content validation of a new measure of patient-reported barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence, the I-Score: results from a Delphi study
Authors: Engler Kim , Vicente Serge , Mate Kedar K. V. , Lessard David , Ahmed Sara , Lebouché Bertrand 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Over a third of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Measures of barriers to ART adherence often lack comprehensiveness. To help manage ART adherence barriers in HIV care, we are developing a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) of these barriers (the I-Score).

Methods
We assessed the content validity of 100 items (distinct barriers) to retain only those most relevant to both PLHIV and HIV health/social service providers. A web-based Delphi was conducted in Canada and France, collecting data from December 2018 to October 2019. Items were evaluated on relevance (the combined rated importance and actionability for HIV care of items among both PLHIV and providers); comprehensibility (rated item clarity); comprehensiveness (examined against our conceptual framework); cross-cultural equivalence (based on comparisons by questionnaire language (English, French) and country of residence). Pearson’s chi-square tests were used for comparisons by language, country, gender, and stakeholder group (PLHIV, providers).

Results
Panelists included 40 PLHIV and 57 providers (66% response rate). Thirty-one items were retained based on consensus thresholds for relevance (minimum: 50% for PLHIV, 60% for providers) and showed good comprehensibility and comprehensiveness, when compared to our conceptual framework (representation of: 6/6 domains, 15/20 subdomains). No significant difference in relevance based on language or country was found among retained items, suggestive of cross-cultural equivalence. Among all 100 items, only 6 significant differences on relevance were observed for gender. For 62 items, the relevance ratings of PLHIV and providers differed significantly, with providers showing greater endorsement of all items but one.

Discussion
The Delphi led to a much-needed item reduction. Remaining items highlight the panel’s multidimensional priorities for the PROM on ART adherence barriers, with few, if any, differences by language, country, and gender. While the analyses may lack generalizability and power, the sample size is considered adequate for a PROM validation study.

Conclusion
Retained items showed good content validity. The different patterns of item endorsement observed underscore the utility of engaging multiple stakeholder groups in PROM development for use in clinical practice. The greater endorsement of items by providers versus patients merits further investigation, including the implications of such differentials for measure development.
Properties of natural adsorbent prepared from two local Sudanese agricultural wastes mango seeds and date's stones and their uses in removal of contamination from fluid nutrient
Authors: ElNasri Nazar A.aziz , Wadidi Nazar Abdallazim , Idris Alkhair Abd Almahmoud , Woldemicheal Saba Kidane , El Haj Sabah Ibrahim Ahmed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, special attention has been focused on the use of natural adsorbents as an alternative to replace the conventional adsorbents, based on both the environmental and the economical points of view. The study aimed to produce natural absorbent (activated carbon) from two local agricultural wastes: mango seeds (MS) and date stones (DS) and their uses in removal of contamination from fluid nutrient. Chemical properties such as ash content, moisture content, carbon content percentage and percentage of methylene blue reduction of the two samples were investigated.

Results
The results of study indicated that activated carbon produced from both MS and DS samples have the same pH value of 7 (neutral).The ash content of activated carbon prepared from mango seeds and date’s stones was 9.7 and 9.5%, respectively.Our statistical analysis showed no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05)for ash determinations, while the moisture content of (19.5 and 19.9%) was found for mango seeds and date's stones, respectively. There was no significant difference at p > 0.05 for moisture content of the two samples. A significant difference was observed in carbon contents for mango seeds (61.4%) and date's stones (21.8%) at p ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference at p > 0.05 for moisture content of the two samples. Statistical analysis showed significance difference (p ≤ 0.05) for carbon determination for both samples. The results also indicated that there was significant correlation between reduction in methylene blue and percentage of activated carbon.

Conclusions
Activated carbon produced from MS and DS was found to be very effective in color removal and of acceptable quality in pH, carbon content, ash content, moisture content and solubility.
Investigating GNSS PPP–RTK with external ionospheric constraints
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Ren Xiaodong , Chen Jun , Zuo Xiang , Mei Dengkui , Liu Wanke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReal-Time Kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP–RTK) is inextricably linked to external ionospheric information. The PPP–RTK performances vary much with the accuracy of ionospheric information, which is derived from different network scales, given different prior variances, and obtained under different disturbed ionospheric conditions. This study investigates the relationships between the PPP–RTK performances, in terms of precision and convergence time, and the accuracy of external ionospheric information. The statistical results show that The Time to First Fix (TTFF) for the PPP–RTK constrained by Global Ionosphere Map (PPP–RTK-GIM) is about 8–10 min, improved by 20%–50% as compared with that for PPP Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR) whose TTFF is about 13–16 min. Additionally, the TTFF of PPP–RTK is 4.4 min, 5.2 min, and 6.8 min, respectively, when constrained by the external ionospheric information derived from different network scales, e.g. small-, medium-, and large-scale networks, respectively. To analyze the influences of the optimal prior variances of external ionospheric delay on the PPP–RTK results, the errors of 0.5 Total Electron Content Unit (TECU), 1 TECU, 3 TECU, and 5 TECU are added to the initial ionospheric delays, respectively. The corresponding convergence time of PPP–RTK is less than 1 min, about 3, 5, and 6 min, respectively. After adding the errors, the ionospheric information with a small variance leads to a long convergence time and that with a larger variance leads to the same convergence time as that of PPP-AR. Only when an optimal prior variance is determined for the ionospheric delay in PPP–RTK model, the convergence time for PPP–RTK can be shorten greatly. The impact of Travelling Ionospheric Disturbance (TID) on the PPP–RTK performances is further studied with simulation. It is found that the TIDs increase the errors of ionospheric corrections, thus affecting the convergence time, positioning accuracy, and reliability of PPP–RTK.
Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for estimation of Mupirocin calcium in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulation
Authors: Kalal Durgeshwari J. , Redasani Vivekkumar K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
A simple, rapid, sensitive and selective stability-indicating (RP-HPLC) method is suggested for the determination of Mupirocin calcium in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical formulation. Mupirocin calcium was eluted from a PrincetoneSPHER-100 C8 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (75:25 v/v) pH adjusted to 4 with acetic acid. The gradient was optimized with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a wavelength of 221 nm.

Result
The complete analytical method validation was successfully carried out as per ICH guidelines. The retrieval study was carried out at 80% to 120% level of working concentration, and results were in the range of 99 to 101%. The linearity was proven in range of 4–24 µg/mL of working concentration with linear regression curve (R2 = 0.999) with limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) being 0.35 and 1.08 µg/mL, respectively. The retention time for Mupirocin calcium was 5.09 min. The method shows good recoveries and intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 2%. Validation parameters as ruggedness and robustness were also determined as per ICH guidelines and were found to be satisfactory. For stability study, the drug was exposed to various stress conditions such as acid, base, oxidation and sunlight as per recommendations of ICH guidelines.

Conclusion
The developed HPLC method could be successfully used for the estimation of Mupirocin calcium in bulk and in Pharmaceutical formulation. The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of proposed method that can be employed for the routine analysis in bulk and Pharmaceutical formulation.
Neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodiversity: definition of terms from Scotland's National Autism Implementation Team
Authors: Shah Premal J. , Boilson Marie , Rutherford Marion , Prior Susan , Johnston Lorna , Maciver Donald , Forsyth Kirsty 
Published: March 2022

SummaryAdults with neurodevelopmental disorders frequently present to, but fit uneasily into, adult mental health services. We offer definitions of important terms related to neurodevelopmental disorders through unifying research data, medical and other viewpoints. This may improve understanding, clinical practice and development of neurodevelopmental disorder pathways within adult mental health services.
Assessment of a Naloxone Coprescribing Alert for Patients at Risk of Opioid Overdose: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Nelson Scott D. , McCoy Allison B. , Rector Hayley , Teare Andrew J. , Barrett Tyler W. , Sigworth Elizabeth A. , Chen Qingxia , Edwards David A. , Marcovitz David E. , Wright Adam 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Patients taking high doses of opioids, or taking opioids in combination with other central nervous system depressants, are at increased risk of opioid overdose. Coprescribing the opioid-reversal agent naloxone is an essential safety measure, recommended by the surgeon general, but the rate of naloxone coprescribing is low. Therefore, we set out to determine whether a targeted clinical decision support alert could increase the rate of naloxone coprescribing.

METHODS:
We conducted a before-after study from January 2019 to April 2021 at a large academic health system in the Southeast. We developed a targeted point of care decision support notification in the electronic health record to suggest ordering naloxone for patients who have a high risk of opioid overdose based on a high morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) ≥90 mg, concomitant benzodiazepine prescription, or a history of opioid use disorder or opioid overdose. We measured the rate of outpatient naloxone prescribing as our primary measure. A multivariable logistic regression model with robust variance to adjust for prescriptions within the same prescriber was implemented to estimate the association between alerts and naloxone coprescribing.

RESULTS:
The baseline naloxone coprescribing rate in 2019 was 0.28 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.31) naloxone prescriptions per 100 opioid prescriptions. After alert implementation, the naloxone coprescribing rate increased to 4.51 (95% CI, 4.33–4.68) naloxone prescriptions per 100 opioid prescriptions (P < .001). The adjusted odds of naloxone coprescribing after alert implementation were approximately 28 times those during the baseline period (95% CI, 15–52).

CONCLUSIONS:
A targeted decision support alert for patients at risk for opioid overdose significantly increased the rate of naloxone coprescribing and was relatively easy to build.
Factors Associated With Postreperfusion Syndrome in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Umehara Kaoru , Karashima Yuji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Yamaura Ken 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) after portal vein reperfusion during liver transplantation (LT) has been reported to cause rapid hemodynamic changes and is associated with a prolonged postoperative hospital stay, renal failure, and increased mortality. Although there are some reports on risk factors for PRS in brain-dead donor LT, there are a few reports on those in living donor LT. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed the factors associated with PRS to contribute to the anesthetic management so as to reduce PRS during living donor LT.

METHODS:
After approval by the ethics committee of our institution, 250 patients aged ≥20 years who underwent living donor LT at our institution between January 2013 and September 2018 were included in the study. A decrease in mean arterial pressure of ≥30% within 5 minutes after portal vein reperfusion was defined as PRS, and estimates and odds ratio (OR) for PRS were calculated using logistic regression. The backward method was used for variable selection in the multivariable analysis.

RESULTS:
Serum calcium ion concentration before reperfusion (per 0.1 mmol/L increase; OR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.95; P < .001), preoperative echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (per 1-mm increase: OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.95; P < .001, men [versus women: OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.26–4.75; P = .008]), mean pulmonary artery pressure before reperfusion (restricted cubic spline, P = .003), anhepatic period (restricted cubic spline, P = .02), and graft volume to standard liver volume ratio (restricted cubic spline, P = .03) were significantly associated with PRS.

CONCLUSIONS:
In living donor LT, male sex and presence of small left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, large graft volume, and long anhepatic period are associated with PRS, and a high calcium ion concentration and low pulmonary artery pressure before reperfusion are negatively associated with PRS.