bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venous Thromboembolism During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Risk Factors, Diagnostic Testing, and Treatment
Authors: Maughan Brandon C. , Marin Maria , Han Justin , Gibbins Karen J. , Brixey Anupama G. , Caughey Aaron B. , Kline Jeffrey A. , Jarman Angela F. 
Published: June 2022

Importance
The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Deep vein thrombosis is the most common VTE during pregnancy, but pulmonary embolism is typically of greater concern as it contributes to far higher morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment of VTE during pregnancy differ substantially from the general nonpregnant population.

Objective
This review describes the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Evidence Acquisition
First, we reviewed the VTE guidelines from professional societies in obstetrics, cardiology, hematology, emergency medicine, pulmonology, and critical care. Second, we examined references from these documents and used PubMed to identify recent articles that cited the guidelines. Finally, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published since 2018 that included terms for pregnancy and the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic imaging, or treatment of VTE.

Results
Venous thromboembolism risk increases throughout pregnancy and peaks shortly after delivery. More than half of pregnancy-related VTE are associated with thrombophilia; other major risks include cesarean delivery, postpartum infection, and the combination of obesity with immobilization. Most VTE can be treated with low molecular weight heparin, but cases of limb- or life-threatening VTE require consideration of thrombolysis and other reperfusion therapies.

Conclusions and Relevance
Venous thromboembolism is far more frequent in antepartum and postpartum women than age-matched controls, and clinical suspicion for VTE in this population should incorporate pregnancy-specific risks. Treatment of limb- or life-threatening antepartum or postpartum VTE requires multispecialty coordination to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the participant should be better able to (1) identify common risk factors for VTE in antepartum and postpartum women; (2) describe critical factors when obtaining diagnostic imaging for pregnancy-associated VTE and assessing pulmonary embolism severity; and (3) explain treatment for mild and severe cases of pregnancy-associated VTE.
Methenamine Hippurate With Cranberry Capsules Versus Cranberry Alone for Urinary Tract Infection Prevention in a Short-Term Indwelling Foley Catheter Population After Urogynecologic Surgery: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tam Tiffanie Y. , Aldrich Emily R. , Crisp Catrina C. , Yook Eunsun , Yeung Jennifer , Pauls Rachel N. 
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2022;28:e55–e61)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) after pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS) can result in high rates of readmission, morbidity, and mortality. The prevalence of UTI ranges from 10% to 76%, and postoperative urinary retention due to catheterization can occur in up to 43% in this population.
Medical Management of Children With Autism in the Emergency Department
Authors: Wolpert Katherine H. , Kim Soo-Jeong , Kodish Ian , Uspal Neil G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly prevalent diagnosis characterized by impairment of social communication and behavioral regulation. Children with ASD seek care more frequently in the emergency department (ED) than their neurotypical peers and the approach to medical evaluation of this population requires heightened attention to a variety of factors. Communication with caregivers, attention to environmental stimulation, identification of accommodation needs, and understanding frequently associated medical conditions are important considerations in ED encounters. Gastrointestinal problems, seizure disorders, and metabolic disease are common causes for ED presentation in children with ASD. A high index of suspicion for underlying medical issues must be maintained, even when children with ASD present primarily for behavioral concerns. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an increasingly prevalent diagnosis characterized by impairment of social communication and behavioral regulation. Children with ASD seek care more frequently in the emergency department (ED) than their neurotypical peers and the approach to medical evaluation of this population requires heightened attention to a variety of factors. Communication with caregivers, attention to environmental stimulation, identification of accommodation needs, and understanding frequently associated medical conditions are important considerations in ED encounters. Gastrointestinal problems, seizure disorders, and metabolic disease are common causes for ED presentation in children with ASD. A high index of suspicion for underlying medical issues must be maintained, even when children with ASD present primarily for behavioral concerns.
Effect of a Pharmacy-based Centralized Intravenous Admixture Service on the Prevalence of Medication Errors: A Before-and-After Study
Authors: Jessurun Janique G. , Hunfeld Nicole G.M. , van Rosmalen Joost , van Dijk Monique , van den Bemt Patricia M.L.A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives
Intravenous admixture preparation errors (IAPEs) may lead to patient harm. The primary aim of this study was to assess the effect of a pharmacy-based centralized intravenous admixture service (CIVAS) on IAPEs.

Methods
We conducted a before-and-after study in 3 clinical wards before CIVAS implementation and in the CIVAS unit 18 months after implementation. Intravenous admixture preparation error data were collected by disguised observation. The primary outcome was the proportion of admixtures with 1 or more IAPEs. Secondary outcomes were the type and potential severity of IAPEs, noncompliance to hygiene procedures, and nursing staff satisfaction with the CIVAS. The primary outcome was analyzed using a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model.

Results
One or more IAPEs were identified in 14 of 543 admixtures (2.6%) in the CIVAS unit and in 148 of 282 admixtures (52.5%) in the clinical wards (odds ratio, 0.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.004–0.05). The most common IAPE types were wrong solvent or diluent (n = 95) and wrong volume of infusion fluid (n = 45). No potentially harmful IAPEs occurred in the CIVAS unit as opposed to 22 (7.8%) in the clinical wards. Disinfection procedures were better adhered to in the CIVAS unit. Overall nurse satisfaction with the CIVAS increased from a median of 70 (n = 166) 5 months after intervention to 77 (n = 115) 18 months after intervention (P < 0.001) on a 100-point scale.

Conclusions
Centralized intravenous admixture service performed notably better than the clinical wards with regard to IAPEs and noncompliance to hygiene procedures. Nurses were satisfied with the CIVAS. Hence, the implementation of CIVAS is an important strategy to improve medication safety in hospitals.
Inroads for HIV prevention among men: findings from mixed methods research in the context of the DREAMS partnership in Southern Africa
Authors: Gottert Ann , Pulerwitz Julie , Heck Craig J. , Shabangu Patrick , Lukhele Bhekumusa , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David , Apicella Louis , Okal Jerry , Mathur Sanyukta 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To assess trends in men's HIV risk factors and service use, and their experiences with prevention programming, during an intensive HIV response for adolescent girls and young women and their male partners.

Design:
Independent cross-sectional surveys in 2016–2017 and 2018 with men in Eswatini (20–34 years-old, n = 1391) and Durban, South Africa (20–40 years-old; n = 1665), complemented by 74 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with men exposed to HIV services/prevention programming.

Methods:
Survey recruitment was primarily at hot-spot venues. We assessed Round 1–2 trends in HIV risk factors and service use, overall and by HIV risk profiles. IDI respondents were identified via survey responses or program partners.

Results:
HIV risk factors were prevalent in both countries at each survey round, although there were reductions over time among the highest risk profiles in South Africa. Most men were engaged in HIV services (e.g. nearly two-thirds tested for HIV in the last year at round 2, with large increases in Eswatini). Qualitative data suggest HIV service uptake was facilitated by increased convenience and supportive information/messaging about HIV treatment efficacy. Men described eagerly receiving the information and support offered in HIV prevention programming, and effects on HIV risk reduction and newly engaging in HIV services. However, less than 15% of survey respondents reported being reached by such programming.

Conclusion:
Important inroads have been made to engage men in HIV services and prevention programming in the two countries, including among the high-risk profiles. Still, improving coverage of comprehensive HIV prevention programming is critical, particularly for men most at risk.
Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Pregnant Women Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: McClymont Elisabeth , Faber Mette T. , Lindquist Sofie , Bone Jeffrey N. , Kjær Susanne K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
In the general population, human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence is reportedly increased during pregnancy, and emerging evidence suggests that it may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women living with HIV (WLWH) experience higher rates of both HPV infection and certain adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet there are no prior reviews of HPV infection during pregnancy in WLWH.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled and type-specific HPV prevalence and associated pregnancy outcomes among pregnant WLWH and, if available, within-study comparators of women without HIV. Subgroup analyses were performed according to polymerase chain reaction primers used and geographic location.

Results:
Ten studies describing HPV prevalence in 1594 pregnant WLWH were included. The pooled HPV prevalence in pregnant WLWH was 75.5% (95% confidence interval: 50.2 to 90.4) but ranged widely (23%–98%) between individual studies. Among studies that also assessed HPV prevalence in pregnant women without HIV, the pooled prevalence was lower at 48.1% (95% confidence interval: 27.1 to 69.8). Pregnant WLWH had 54% higher odds of being HPV positive compared with pregnant women without HIV. The most common HPV type detected in pregnant WLWH was HPV16. No studies reported pregnancy outcomes by the HPV status.

Conclusions:
High prevalence of HPV was documented in pregnant WLWH, exceeding the prevalence among pregnant women without HIV. The limited research on this topic must be addressed with further studies to inform the use of HPV testing as a screening modality for this population as well as the role of HPV in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Deep Orbital Hyaluronic Acid Gel Filler for Volume Augmentation in Orbital Dysplasia
Authors: Pang Runhui , Wang Juan , Shi Junhu , Zhang Hongbin , Bai Ping 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
Orbital dysplasia is caused by congenital microphthalmos, anophthalmos, or eye atrophy. Orbital volume growth is known to parallel ocular growth and the absence of an eye results in noticeable hemifacial deformity that affects patients’ lives. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of injections of hyaluronic acid gel into the orbit combined with ocular prosthesis to treat orbital dysplasia.

Methods:
Three patients with orbital dysplasia who were 3 to 7 years old treated in our department. Each year, the hyaluronic acid gel was injected into each patient intraconal and extraconal posterior orbit and each wore an ocular prosthesis. The length of the palpebral fissure and orbital volume were measured before and after the injections.

Results:
A total of 9 injections were performed on 3 patients ages 7, 5, and 4 years old, respectively. The follow-up periods were 5, 5, and 2 years. The authors observed significant improvements in patient appearance. The length of the palpebral fissure and the volume of the orbit increased linearly with the increasing age, and there were no complications, such as intraorbital hemorrhage or local hyperplastic stimulation.

Conclusions:
Orbital hyaluronic acid gel injection and combined with an ocular prosthesis is a safe, convenient, and effective treatment for orbital dysplasia.
One-Piece Frontoorbital Osteotomy With a Small Supraorbital Burr-Hole to Protect Against Intraoperative Dural Lacerations
Authors: Hasegawa Yuki , Aihara Yasuo , Chiba Kentaro , Sakurai Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:
This paper aims to describe a new technique of 1-piece frontoorbital osteotomy with a small supraorbital burr hole, which resulted in improved safety during osteotomy of the anterior skull base. An 11 × 4 mm burr hole was created at the center of the orbit above the superior orbital rim using an “eyebrow key-window approach.” Extradural dissection from the nasion to the medial side of the sphenoid ridge was performed through this hole, and dissection of the lateral side of the sphenoid ridge was completed from the edge of the coronal osteotomy. Osteotomy along the zygomaticofrontal and sphenofrontal sutures were performed using an oscillating saw with secure protection of the dura. Between December 2019 and June 2020, 3 patients with unilateral coronal craniosynostosis underwent 1-piece frontoorbital advancement with the eyebrow key-window approach. The median age was 11 months (8–15 months), median operation time was 249 minutes (244–255 minutes), and the average blood transfusion was 10.8 ml/kg (0–18 ml/kg). No complications were observed, and the technique was associated with improved safety of osteotomy around the anterior skull base for 1-piece frontoorbital advancement.
Bmp5 Mutation Alters miRNA Expression During Embryonic External Ear Development
Authors: Liu Wei , Lin Lin , Jin Shengyang , Yang Qinghua , Jiang Haiyue 
Published: June 2022

Abstract:To understand the changes in gene regulation and expression of MicroRNA (miRNA) involved in external mouseear embryonic development after point mutation of the Bmp5 gene, the outer ear tissues of developed E15.5 and E17.5 mouse embryos were obtained using a Bmp5 short ear mouse model, and the changes in miRNA expression profiles were detected. Changes in miRNA expression in the experimental and control groups were identified during Bmp5 short ear mouse embryo development at E15.5 and E17.5. GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotations were performed on differentially expressed miRNAs. Multiple signal pathways related to miRNA expression were enhanced during the development of E15.5 and E17.5 embryos of Bmp5 short-ear mice. Based on the basic characteristics of miRNAs, this study aimed to determine the differential expression of miRNAs in Bmp5 short-ear mice during the development of external ear embryos using advanced sequencing techniques. The results showed differences in some key regulatory miRNA changes after point mutations in the Bmp5 gene. This study provides new insights into the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the development of the external mouse ear. Changes in miRNA expression profiles can also provide clues for studying the biological regulatory mechanism of external ear embryonic development.
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle Ossification After Intraoral Condylectomy
Authors: Su Lin , Wang Xiaoxia , Li Zili , Yi Biao , Liang Cheng , Guo Chuanbin 
Published: June 2022

Purpose:
Lateral pterygoid muscle ossification has not been reported in condylectomy patients. This study aimed to explore the incidence, risk factors, and imaging characteristics of 38 cases with lateral pterygoid muscle ossification among 54 patients after condylectomy via intraoral approach.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 54 patients following simultaneous orthognathic surgery and condylectomy with coronoid process resection via intraoral approach. The authors evaluated the preoperative, 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year or more postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans for the presence of lateral pterygoid muscle ossification and its characteristics. Sex, age at the time of surgery, disease course, affected side, preoperative alkaline phosphatase, pathology diagnosis, the height of the removed condyle, condylar shape, operator, preoperative temporomandibular joint movement, and clinical symptoms were assessed as risk factors for ossification.

Results:
No incidence of lateral pterygoid muscle ossification was found on preoperative CT images. Various small-size osseous masses were observed in the lateral pterygoid muscles on postoperative 6 months CT images in 38/54 patients (70.37%) after condylectomy. But no apparent enlargement of the osseous masses was found. No patients complained of clinical discomfort or functional disorder during the follow-up period (23.11 ± 13.16 months). No significant risk factors for ossification were found.

Conclusions:
Lateral pterygoid muscle ossification is relatively common in patients after condylectomy via intraoral approach. However, its enlargement is self-limited and remains stable 6 months after surgery. it has no adverse effects on the temporomandibular joint functional movement.
The Effect of a Liver Transplant Program on the Outcomes of Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Serenari Matteo , Lenzi Jacopo , Cucchetti Alessandro , Cipriani Federica , Donadon Matteo , Ardito Francesco , Fazio Federico , Nicolini Daniele , Iaria Maurizio , Famularo Simone , Perri Pasquale , Ansaloni Luca , Zanello Matteo , Lai Quirino , Conci Simone , Molfino Sarah , Ferrari Cecilia , Germani Paola , Zago Mauro , Romano Maurizio , Zimmitti Giuseppe , Antonucci Adelmo , Fumagalli Luca , Troci Albert , Ferraro Valentina , Memeo Riccardo , Crespi Michele , Chiarelli Marco , Ercolani Giorgio , Hilal Mohamed A. , Zanus Giacomo , Pinotti Enrico , Tarchi Paola , Griseri Guido , Baiocchi Gian Luca , Ruzzenente Andrea , Rossi Massimo , Jovine Elio , Maestri Marcello , Grazi Gian Luca , Romano Fabrizio , Dalla Valle Raffaele , Ravaioli Matteo , Vivarelli Marco , Ferrero Alessandro , Giuliante Felice , Torzilli Guido , Aldrighetti Luca , Cescon Matteo ,   on behalf of the HE.RC.O.LE.S. Group
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of a liver transplantation (LT) program on the outcomes of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background:
Surgical treatment of HCC includes both hepatic resection (HR) and LT. However, the presence of cirrhosis and the possibility of recurrence make the management of this disease complex and probably different according to the presence of a LT program.

Methods:
Patients undergoing HR for HCC between January 2005 and December 2019 were identified from a national database of HCC. The main study outcomes were major surgical complications according to the Comprehensive Complication Index, posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), 90-day mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes were salvage liver transplantation (SLT) and postrecurrence survival.

Results:
A total of 3202 patients were included from 25 hospitals over the study period. Three of 25 (12%) had an LT program. The presence of an LT program within a center was associated with a reduced probability of PHLF (odds ratio=0.38) but not with overall survival and disease-free survival. There was an increased probability of SLT when HR was performed in a transplant hospital (odds ratio=12.05). Among transplant-eligible patients, those who underwent LT had a significantly longer postrecurrence survival.

Conclusions:
This study showed that the presence of a LT program was associated with decreased PHLF rates and an increased probability to receive SLT in case of recurrence.
The Pseudo-Torsional Space of RNA
Authors: Grille Leandro , Gallego Diego , Darré Leonardo , Rosa Gabriela da , Battistini Federica , Orozco Modesto , Dans Pablo D. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe characterization of the conformational landscape of the RNA backbone is rather complex due to the ability of RNA to assume a big variety of conformations. These backbone conformations can be depicted by pseudo-torsional angles linking RNA backbone atoms, from which Ramachandran-like plots can be built. We explored here different definitions of these pseudo-torsional angles, finding that the most accurate ones are the traditional η (eta) and θ (theta) angles, which represent the relative position of RNA backbone atoms P and C4’. We explore the distribution of η-θ in known experimental structures, comparing the pseudo-torsional space generated with structures determined exclusively by one experimental technique. We found that the complete picture only appears when combining data from different sources. The maps provide a quite comprehensive representation of the RNA accessible space, which can be used in RNA-structural prediction. Finally, our results highlight that protein interactions leads to significant changes in the population of the η-θ space, pointing towards the role of induced-fit mechanisms in protein-RNA recognition.
Underlying beneficial effects of Rhubarb on constipation-induced inflammation, disorder of gut microbiome and metabolism
Authors: Gao Han , He Chengwei , Hua Rongxuan , Liang Chen , Wang Boya , Du Yixuan , Guo Yuexin , Gao Lei , Zhang Lucia , Shang Hongwei , Xu Jingdong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough constipation is a common syndrome and a worldwide health problem. Constipation patients are becoming younger with a 29.6% overall prevalence in the children, which has captured great attention because of its epigenetic rejuvenation and recurrent episodes. Despite the usage of rhubarb to relieve constipation, novel targets and genes involved in target-relevant pathways with remarkable functionalities should still be sought after.Materials and methodsWe established a reliable constipation model in C57B/6N male mice using intragastric administration diphenoxylate and the eligible subjects received 600mg/25g rhubarb extraction to ameliorate constipation. Resultant constipation was morphological and genetically compared with the specimen from different groups.ResultsThe constipation mice exhibited thicker muscle layers, improved content of cytokines, including IL-17 and IL-23, and lower content of IL-22. The bacterial abundance and diversity varied tremendously. Notably, the alterations were reversed after rhubarb treatment. Additionally, SCFA and MLCFA were significantly influenced by constipation accompanied by enhanced expressions of SCFA receptors, GPR41 and GPR43.ConclusionThis thesis has provided an insight that rhubarb promoted the flexibility of collagen fiber, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines, and maintained intestinal microflora balance with potential effects on affecting the metabolism of fatty acids and polyamines.