bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric analysis of the Glasgow Coma Scale and its sub-scale scores in a national retrospective cohort of patients with traumatic injuries
Authors: Mateen Bilal A. , Horton Mike , Playford E. Diane 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the psychometric validity, using Rasch analysis, of summing the three constituent parts of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).DesignNational (registry-based) retrospective study.SettingEngland and Wales.PatientsAll individuals who sustained a traumatic injury and were: admitted for more than three days; required critical care resources; transferred for specialist management; or who died from their injuries.Main outcomes and measuresDemographic information (i.e., age at time of injury, and sex), item sub-scores of the first available GCS (either completed by the attending paramedics or on arrival to hospital), injury severity as denoted by the Injury Severity Scale (ISS), and outcome (survival to hospital discharge or 30-days post-injury, whichever is earliest).Results321,203 cases between 2008 and 2017. 55.9% were male, the median age was 62.7 years (IQR 44.2–80.8), the median ISS was 9 (IQR 9 to 17), and 6.6% were deceased at 30 days. The reliability statistics suggest that when the extreme scores (i.e. 3 and 15) are accounted for, that there is only sufficient consistency to support the separation of injuries into 3 broad categories, e.g. mild, moderate and severe. As extreme scores don’t impact Rasch item calibrations, subsequent analysis was restricted to the 48,417 non-extreme unique cases. Overall fit to the Rasch model was poor across all analyses (p < 0.0001). Through a combination of empirical evidence and clinical reasoning, item response categories were collapsed to provide a post-hoc scoring amendment. Whilst the modifications improved the function of the individual items, there is little evidence to support them meaningfully contributing to a total score that can be interpreted on an interval scale.Conclusion and relevanceThe GCS does not perform in a psychometrically robust manner in a national retrospective cohort of individuals who have experienced a traumatic injury, even after post-hoc correction.
Development and validation of a case-finding algorithm for the identification of non-small cell lung cancers in a region-wide Italian pathology registry
Authors: Spini Andrea , Rosellini Pietro , Bellan Cristiana , Furiesi Folco , Giorgi Silvano , Donnini Sandra , Gini Rosa , Ziche Marina , Salvo Francesco , Roberto Giuseppe 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
To develop and validate a case-finding algorithm for the identification of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cases in a region-wide Italian pathology registry (PR).

Materials and methods
Data collected between 2009 and 2017 in the PR and the Pharmacy Database of the University Hospital of Siena and the PR of Tuscany region were used. A NSCLC-identification algorithm based on free-text keywords and SNOMED morphology and topography codes was designed and tested on data from Siena: indication for drug use (i.e. NSCLC) was the reference standard for sensitivity (SE); positive predictive value (PPV) was estimated through manual review. Algorithm modifications were then tested to improve algorithm performance: PPV was calculated against validated dataset from PR of Siena; a range of SE [min-max] was estimated in PR of Tuscany using analytical formulae that assumed NSCLC incidence equal either to 80% or 90% of overall lung cancer incidence recorded in Tuscany. The algorithm modification with the best performance was chosen as the final version of the algorithm. A random sample of 200 cases was extracted from the PR of Tuscany for manual review.

Results
The first version of the algorithm showed a PPV of 74.7% and SE of 79% in PR of Siena. The final version of the algorithm had a SE in PR of Tuscany that grew with calendar time (2009 = [24.7%-28%]; 2017 = [57.9%-65.1%]) and a PPV of 93%.

Conclusions
The final NSCLC-finding algorithm showed with very high PPV. SE was in line with the expected contribution of PR to overall cases captured in the regional Cancer Registry, with a trend of increase over calendar time. Given the promising algorithm validity and the wide use of SNOMED terminology in electronic pathology records, the proposed algorithm is expected to be easily adapted to other electronic databases for (pharmaco)epidemiology purposes.
Morning light treatment for traumatic stress: The role of amygdala reactivity study protocol
Authors: Cenkner David P. , Burgess Helen J. , Huizenga Brooke , Duval Elizabeth R. , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Phan K. Luan , Liberzon Israel , Klumpp Heide , Abelson James , Horwitz Adam , Mooney Ann , Raglan Greta B. , Zalta Alyson K. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Exposure to trauma can result in various mental health disorders including anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies exist for the treatment of these disorders, many individuals fail to receive treatment and among those who do, many remain symptomatic. Therefore, it is critical to continue developing new interventions for traumatic stress that target underlying mechanisms of pathology and offer a safe and acceptable alternative to current treatments. Morning light treatment has good potential as a novel non-invasive, low risk treatment for traumatic stress. Evidence suggests that morning light may improve traumatic stress by reducing reactivity in the amygdala, a brain region implicated in the pathophysiology of PTSD and anatomically linked to circadian photoreceptors in the eye.

Methods
In this study, we aim to establish a significant dose-response relationship between duration of morning light treatment and reduction in amygdala reactivity among individuals with traumatic stress symptoms (NCT# 04117347). Using a transdiagnostic approach, sixty-six individuals with a history of a DSM-5 criterion A trauma and traumatic stress symptoms will be recruited to participate in a 5-week study. Participants will be randomized across three treatment arms based on morning light treatment duration: 15-minutes, 30-minutes, or 60-minutes of light treatment per day for four weeks. To evaluate amygdala activity, participants will undergo fMRI at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. Participants will also complete clinical assessments and self-report measures of PTSD, depression, and anxiety at pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment.

Discussion
Morning light therapy may be an acceptable, feasible, and effective treatment for individuals suffering from traumatic stress. Identifying mechanistically relevant targets, and the doses needed to impact them, are critical steps in developing this new treatment approach for the sequelae of traumatic stress.
Digital Droplet PCR for Detection and Quantitation of Hepatitis Delta Virus
Authors: Xu Ling , Zhang Xiangying , Cao Yaling , Fan Zihao , Tian Yuan , Zou Huanbin , Ma Yingmin , Duan Zhongping , Ren Feng 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) far exceeds our expected level. There remains a lack of reliable quantitative assays for HDV RNA detection. We sought to develop a new method based on digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for HDV quantitative detection.

METHODS:
With plasmid (pMD19T) containing HDV full genome, we determined the method for ddPCR-based HDV RNA quantification. To compare various assays for HDV detection, 30 cases diagnosed with hepatitis D and 14 controls were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and ddPCR. A total of 728 hepatitis B virus–related patients, including 182 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 182 with liver cirrhosis, 182 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 182 with liver failure, were screened for HDV infection.

RESULTS:
The detection limit of ddPCR for HDV is significantly low, with lower limit of detection and lower limit of quantitation of 0.29 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.93 × 10−3–1.22 IU/mL) and 8.76 IU/mL (95% confidence interval: 1.83–1.03 × 106 IU/mL), respectively. Among the 44 samples, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected 30 cases positive, ddPCR reported 24 samples, and RT-PCR reported 10 samples positive for HDV RNA. Moreover, the positive rates of anti-HDV were 1.1%, 3.3%, 2.7%, and 7.1% in patients with chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure, respectively; the detection rates of RT-PCR in HDV RNA were 0%, 16.67%, 15.4%, and 20%, respectively. However, the detection rates of ddPCR were 0%, 33.33%, 30.77%, and 60%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
We establish a high sensitivity and specificity quantitative HDV RNA detection method based on ddPCR. Hepatitis B virus–related end-stage liver diseases, especially liver failure, are associated with a remarkably high rate of HDV infection.
KEUNGGULAN METODE DEMONSTRATIF TERHADAP METODE RETORIKA DAN DIALEKTIKA: MENGUAK METODE KRITIK FILSAFAT IBN RUSYD
Authors: Bistara Raha 
Published: June 2022

This article shows how the demonstrative method (burhani) is more superior to rhetoric (khatabbi) and dialectic method (jaddali), the use of the demonstrative method is based on the utilization of the mind. Ibn Rusyd stated that the demonstrative method is considered the right method for seeking the answers above the questions on the subject of religion and philosophy. However, it is not amazed Ibn Rusyd used a demonstrative method to criticize the Mutakallimun Ash’ariyah and his followers especially Imam Al-Ghazali. Ibn Rusyd also criticized Ibn sina and Zahiriyah group with the method they used. There was confusion for the answer to who they presented regarding religious and philosophical problems. While there were many problems with their views especially in their books. This article used the library research method which uses literature either in the form of books, or notes from previous research reports. While the sources of this research there are two sources as primary source and secondary sources. This result of this research revealed that Ibn Rushd’s philosophy critical method from authentic sources related to the problem. Although, by the use of various sources used, it is hoped there will be a new finding related to demonstrative method initiated by Ibn Rushd in refuting the arguments of rhetorical and dialectical groups which are not deep, explicit, and simple. As well as providing the new formulas that are fresher and more varied concerning the answer about the problems of religion and philosophy.
Apologi Teologis atas Ibn'Arabi : Analisis Kritis Kitab Al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir fi 'Aqaid al-Akabir Karya Imam Sya'rani
Authors: Zifamina Ikhbar F 
Published: June 2022

Ibn ‘Arabi is a great sufi master in the history of Islam that is often misunderstood and revered and yet defended in theological matters. One of the Islamic scholars who defended Ibn ‘Arabi in theological context was Imam Abdul Wahhab Asy-Sya’rani. His book, entitled al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir fi Bayan ‘Aqaid al-Akabir, contained a script beetwen kalam and tasawuf especially an apology of Imam Sya’rani that to defense Ibn ‘Arabi according to the Futuhat al-Makkiyyah. This reseacrh focuses on the study of the book by critical analysis of the apology or defense of Imam Sya’rani over Ibn ‘Arabi in theological context, esepecially on the problem of tanzih (trancendece) and tasybih(immanence). The urgency of this study to show the dialectic of both Islamic discourses, kalam and tasawuf, which intertwined with each other and open a dialogue space beetwen of two. Hence, this study uses a theological approach with critical analysis method. The author of the study then found that : First, Al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir indicates that Imam Sya’rani in tanzih and tasybih more like a Ibn ‘Arabi’s synthesis or harmonization either. Second, the theological apology of Imam Sya’rani which defense Ibn ‘Arabi is more apologetic and justifical with jawab wa su’al response pattern as the mutakallim.
Land lease in Slovakia in the light of the new legal regulations
Authors: Lazíková Jarmila , Bandlerová Anna 
Published: June 2022

Agricultural land plays an important role in national food sovereignty where agricultural producers play a dominant role. Therefore the objective of Slovak lawmakers is to create conditions enabling agricultural land to remain in the hand of farmers. The Act on Land Lease is one of the most important legal regulations in the Slovak Republic where most of agricultural land is leased by agricultural producers. The paper identifies the main legal institutions of land lease in Slovakia and discusses the balanced relationships between a lessor as a landowner and a lessee as an agricultural producer and the relationship between them and their legal certainty in this relationship, mainly in situations when they rely on legal regulations that do not specify directly and explicitly their rights and obligations arising from land lease contracts. The most recent important amendments to land law are also discussed and some necessary modifications aimed at clarifying the relationship between parties to a lease contract are proposed.
The Mass-Lumped Midpoint Scheme for Computational Micromagnetics: Newton Linearization and Application to Magnetic Skyrmion Dynamics
Authors: Di Fratta Giovanni , Pfeiler Carl-Martin , Praetorius Dirk , Ruggeri Michele 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We discuss a mass-lumped midpoint scheme for the numerical approximation of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, which models the dynamics of the magnetization in ferromagnetic materials.
In addition to the classical micromagnetic field contributions, our setting covers the non-standard Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, which is the essential ingredient for the enucleation and stabilization of magnetic skyrmions.
Our analysis also includes the inexact solution of the arising nonlinear systems, for which we discuss both a constraint-preserving fixed-point solver from the literature and a novel approach based on the Newton method.
We numerically compare the two linearization techniques and show that the Newton solver leads to a considerably lower number of nonlinear iterations.
Moreover, in a numerical study on magnetic skyrmions, we demonstrate that, for magnetization dynamics that are very sensitive to energy perturbations, the midpoint scheme, due to its conservation properties, is superior to the dissipative tangent plane schemes from the literature.
Protection of dopaminergic neurons in hemiparkinsonian monkeys by flavouring ingredient glyceryl tribenzoate
Authors: Rangasamy Suresh B. , Dutta Debashis , Mondal Susanta , Majumder Moumita , Dasarathy Sridevi , Chandra Goutam , Pahan Kalipada 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and this study underlines the significance of a small molecule glyceryl tribenzoate (GTB), a FDA approved food additive, in preventing parkinsonian pathologies in MPTP-induced animal models. The study conducted in MPTP-induced mice demonstrated dose-dependent protection of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and striatal dopamine level by GTB oral treatment and the optimum dose was found to be 50 mg/kg/d. In the next phase, the study was carried out in MPTP-injected hemiparkinsonian monkeys, which recapitulate better clinical parkinsonian syndromes. GTB inhibited MPTP-driven induction of glial inflammation, which was evidenced by reduced level of GTP-p21Ras and phospho-p65 in SN of monkeys. It led to decreased expression of inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and iNOS. Simultaneously, GTB oral treatment protected nigral TH cells, striatal dopamine, and improved motor behaviour of hemiparkinsonian monkeys. Presence of sodium benzoate, a GTB metabolite and a FDA-approved drug for urea cycle disorders and glycine encephalopathy, in the brain suggests that the neuroprotective effect imparted by GTB might be mediated by sodium benzoate. Although the mechanism of action of GTB is poorly understood, the study sheds light on the therapeutic possibility of a food additive GTB in PD.
Don’t Leave Indonesian Manuscripts in Danger: An Analysis of Digitalization and Preservation
Authors: Fakhriati Fakhriati , Mu’jizah Mu’jizah , Holil Munawar , Permadi Tedi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although manuscript digitalization helps to safeguard old manuscripts, the challenges of old manuscripts’ preservation remain present. Old manuscripts are increasingly neglected and hard to access. This study aims to shed light on the preservation of manuscript contents as it is being done through various digitalization programs by a variety of national and international institutions in Indonesia. This study found that, paradoxically, the availability of many digital manuscripts does not enhance the study of their contents. Similarly, attention to the physical preservation of these manuscripts has also not seen a significant improvement. By using philological, codicological, and anthropological approaches, this study gives contribution to enhance the understanding on the needs of manuscript digitalization as an integral effort to preserve their contents and physical preservation.
New avenues and challenges in semantic map research (with a case study in the semantic field of emotions)
Authors: Georgakopoulos Thanasis , Polis Stéphane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we present an overview of the methods associated with semantic maps, focusing on current challenges and new avenues for research in this area, which are at the core of the contributions to this special issue. Among the fundamental questions are: (1) the validity of the basic assumption, namely, to what extent does coexpression reflect semantic similarity; (2) the central problem of identifying analytical primitives in the domain of semantics; (3) the methods of inference used for creating coexpression maps and the representation techniques (graph structure vs. Euclidean space) as well as their respective merits (including the goodness of fit of the models); and (4) the use of semantic maps to support diachronic and synchronic descriptions of individual languages. In order to illustrate and discuss key aspects, we conduct an experiment in the semantic field of emotions, for which we construct a classical semantic map based on the dataset of CLICS3.
Inyección de nutrientes: una técnica eficiente para incrementar el rendimiento del cultivo de plátano (Musa AAB
Authors: Silva-Arero Elías Alexander , Cardona William Andrés , Bolaños-Benavides Martha Marina , Morales-Osorno Humberto 
Published: June 2022

Introducción. Existen métodos alternativos de fertilización como la inyección de fertilizantes al seudotallo que presenta mayor eficiencia que la fertilización edáfica tradicional. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la fertilización edáfica e inyección de nutrientes sobre variables morfológicas y peso del racimo de plátano en suelos de fertilidad variable. Materiales y métodos. Se establecieron dos experimentos en los municipios de Viotá y Chaguaní, Cundinamarca, Colombia, en 2018. Se usó un diseño completamente aleatorizado en arreglo bifactorial. Los dos experimentos fueron: Experimento A: dos localidades y dos tipos de fertilización (tradicional y química edáfica) y Experimento B: dos localidades y cuatro soluciones nutritivas (una a base de aminoácidos y otra con nutrientes, ambas en dos proporciones) más un testigo. Las variables de respuesta fueron: peso de racimo, días de floración a cosecha, diámetro y longitud externa del dedo central. Resultados. La fertilización edáfica orgánica en el suelo de Chaguaní no tuvo efecto sobre el peso del racimo en comparación con las fuentes químicas. En Viotá, la fertilización edáfica química incrementó el peso del racimo en comparación con la fertilización tradicional. Esta respuesta diferencial se explica porque en Chaguaní el suelo presentó mayor capacidad de intercambio, contenido de nutrientes y carbono orgánico. Las plantas sembradas en Chaguaní produjeron racimos de mayor peso (21,6 kg) en comparación con Viotá (19,0 kg), pero los dedos del racimo fueron más cortos en esta localidad. La inyección de nutrientes en ambas localidades incrementó el rendimiento del cultivo del plátano en comparación con el testigo sin inyección. Conclusiones. Una dosis baja de fertilizante en el suelo de alta fertilidad generó un efecto similar en la producción de plátano registrada en el suelo de baja fertilidad que recibió una dosis alta de fertilizante. La inyección de soluciones nutritivas se debe validar como alternativa complementaria a la fertilización edáfica tradicional.
Esport and simracing markets – The effects of COVID-19, difficulties and opportunities
Authors: Kovács József Márton , Szabó Ágnes 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe esport industry is emerging and constantly changing. The pandemic has had a significant impact on esport and its markets and has affected the whole ecosystem. The focus of this paper, besides esport, is simracing: due to the limitations on physical events, motorsports have had to convert their races to the digital world. The aims of the article are: (1) to identify the changes in the esport and simracing world and markets caused by the pandemic, (2) to examine the difficulties and challenges that the industry is facing, and (3) to explore the opportunities for the further development of the business. Our research methodology involved in-depth interviews with industry professionals from different backgrounds. The results show that esport and simracing need to become more economically sustainable, and changes are required in all related markets. This article identifies such opportunities. Despite the difficulties, esport will continue to be a major player in the digital world and in the world of sports.
Banco Comunitário Moeda Verde: uma proposta de ressignicação dos resíduos sólidos na Amazônia
Authors: Athaíde Francisca Luciana Araújo Lisboa de , Gonçalves Narjara Prates , Ramos Heidy Rodriguez 
Published: June 2022

A problemática da gestão de resíduos sólidos municipais é um desafio para administração pública, pois se trata de um espaço bastante complexo onde se confrontam interesses, havendo a necessidade de se pensar soluções criativas com diversidade de campos de influência; aumentar possibilidades para alternativas de inovação; e enfrentar estes desafios através do desenvolvimento de ações transversais, envolvendo diferentes atores sociais e setores da municipalidade. Este artigo visa descrever o Projeto do Banco Comunitário Moeda Verde, desenvolvendo um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa exploratória para compreensão da estrutura organizacional e do acesso ao microcrédito do projeto. O Moeda verde nasceu em 2018 como demanda do Instituto de Desenvolvimento Amazônia Sustentável – (IDEASSU) no município de Igarapé Açu, região nordeste do Estado do Pará. A proposta gerou o Movimento Popular Moeda Verde de mobilização social para a troca de material reciclável por moeda social. É uma experiência única na Amazônia, que extrai do lixo, múltiplas possibilidades de agregação de valor dos resíduos sólidos, geração de emprego e renda a população local. Este projeto é responsável pelo incentivo a redução no volume de resíduos recicláveis enviados para o lixão municipal e o descarte inadequado, reduzindo sistematicamente a pressão sobre os ecossistemas locais, principalmente sobre as nascentes dos igarapés do entorno do lixão, bem como, pelo aumento no número de munícipes engajados nas campanhas de educação ambiental que promovem a coleta seletiva na cidade e abertura de novos postos de trabalho para trabalhadores do lixão que sobrevivem da coleta de lixo na cidade.