bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel bioreactor internals for the cultivation of spore‐forming fungi in pellet form
Authors: Soerjawinata Winda , Kockler Isabelle , Wommer Lars , Frank Robert , Schüffler Anja , Schirmeister Tanja , Ulber Roland , Kampeis Percy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study introduced an automated long‐term fermentation process for fungals grown in pellet form. The goal was to reduce the overgrowth of bioreactor internals and sensors while better rheological properties in the fermentation broth, such as oxygen transfer and mixing time, can be achieved. Because this could not be accomplished with continuous culture and fed‐batch fermentation, repeated‐batch fermentation was implemented with the help of additional bioreactor internals (“sporulation supports”). This should capture some biomass during fermentation. After harvesting the suspended biomass, intermediate cleaning was performed using a cleaning device. The biomass retained on the sporulation support went through the sporulation phase. The spores were subsequently used as inocula for the next batch. The reason for this approach was that the retained pellets could otherwise cause problems (e.g., overgrowth on sensors) in subsequent batches because the fungus would then show undesirable hyphal growth. Various sporulation supports were tested for sufficient biomass fixation to start the next batch. A reproducible spore concentration within the range of the requirements could be achieved by adjusting the sporulation support (design and construction material), and an intermediate cleaning adapted to this.
Sustainable and renewable electric energy generation with continuous flow enzymatic fuel cell
Authors: Korkut Uru Seyda , Kilic Muhammet Samet , Yetiren Fatma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA continuous flow enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) based on poly(pyrrole‐co‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid) film was used for sustainable energy generation. The system parameters were optimized to generate maximum power. Optimum cycle number for electropolymerization was found to be 12.5 for bioanode, and 20 for biocathode. The best performance was reached at pH 7, 1 ml min−1 flow rate and cell potential of 0.51 V. A power density of 0.36 μW cm−2 in 10 min was generated with 0.86 μg glucose dehydrogenase and 0.35 μg bilirubin oxidase enzyme quantity by using 100 mmol L−1 glucose. The EFC performance was investigated with municipal sewage, and the system generated a power density of 0.85 μW cm−2. Results showed that the proposed EFC could be successfully used at waste utilization, especially for the wastewater with glycolytic content.
A Fletcher‐Reeves conjugate gradient optimized multi‐reservoir echo state network for state of charge estimation in vehicle battery
Authors: Gu Tianyu , Wang Dongqing , Jiao Meng 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThis paper investigates a Fletcher‐Reeves conjugate gradient optimized multi‐reservoir echo state network (FRCG‐MESN) to identify battery state of charge (SOC). First, an echo state network with multiple reservoirs is established to estimate battery SOC by using its discharge terminal voltage and current as the inputs, and the FR conjugate gradient algorithm is explored to tune the output weights of the MESN to avoid calculating the inverse matrix. Second, an appropriate amount of Gaussian noise with zero mean is added to the training set to prevent overfitting. Finally, a battery test platform is adopted to sample the discharging data under two working conditions: the Los Angeles 92 and the urban dynamometer driving schedule. The simulation results show that the presented FRCG‐MESN method can accurately identify the battery SOC with different initial SOCs. Applying an appropriate amount of noise to the training set can prevent overfitting efficiently.
Capturing complex star dune dynamics—repeated highly accurate surveys combining multitemporal 3D topographic measurements and local wind data
Authors: Herzog Manuel , Anders Katharina , Höfle Bernhard , Bubenzer Olaf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMorphologies of highly complex star dunes are the result of aeolian dynamics in past and present times. These dynamics reflect climatic conditions and associated forces like sediment availability and vegetation cover, as well as feedbacks with adjacent environments. However, an understanding of aeolian dynamics on star dune morphometries is still lacking sufficient detail, and their influence on formation and evolution remains unclear. We therefore investigate the dynamics of a complex star dune (Erg Chebbi, Morocco) by analysing wind measurements compared to morphometric changes derived from multitemporal high‐accuracy 3D observations during two surveys (October 2018 and February 2020). Using real‐time kinematic global navigation satellite system (RTK‐GNSS) measurements and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), the reaction of a star dune surface to an observed constant unimodal sand‐moving wind is presented. TLS point clouds are used for morphometric analysis as well as direct surface change analysis, which relates to sand transport. RTK‐GNSS measurements enable the assessment of horizontal crest movement. Observed surface changes lead to the identification of an overall shielding effect, resulting in sand accumulation mainly on windward slopes. Our results point to a self‐sustained dune growth, which has not yet been described in such spatial detail. Steep slopes, often found on star dunes around the globe, seem to partly hinder upslope sand transport. Though a comparatively short observation period, we therefore hypothesize that, besides wind intensity alone, slope angles are more decisive for sand transport than previously assumed. Our methodological approach of combining meteorological data and high‐resolution multitemporal 3D elevation models can be used for monitoring all dune forms and contributes to a general understanding of dune dynamics and evolution.
Procurement from local producers for food service in primary and secondary school settings: A scoping review
Authors: Galloway Claire , Devine Sue , Parison Julie , Jones Holley‐Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIssue addressedAustralian school canteen guidelines do not broadly incentivise procuring food from local producers, despite evidence of this occurring abroad. This scoping review aims to investigate what is known about local food procurement for school foodservice.MethodsA scoping review of peer‐reviewed articles published since 2000 was undertaken using MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus.ResultsTwenty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. Local food was generally perceived as fresher and more nutritious. Small, positive impacts on fruit and vegetable intake have been demonstrated when food is procured locally. Challenges identified included concerns around food safety, varied availability, time spent coordinating food supply, lack of incentive from regional or national guidelines, inadequate kitchen facilities and budget constraints.ConclusionsThere is no universal definition or standard for procuring ‘local food’. The main motivation for local food procurement was a sense of social responsibility, however there are barriers, including cost, facilities and food safety. Purchasing food locally holds potential to benefit the local economy but government funding and policy supporting local and small‐scale producers is an important enabler.So what?Government support to build stakeholder capacity is important in establishing and maintaining these programmes and would be crucial in achieving change in Australian schools. Investigating feasibility of a national school lunch service would be beneficial, as these programmes may have merit not just in feeding children but also in supporting the local economy. Further research is warranted in this area.
Effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non‐uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid
Authors: Daniel Nisha Mary , N Arun Kumar , Lingamneni Vennela , Tom Tessy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses the theoretical aspects of the effect of salt fingers on heat transfer for different non‐uniform concentration profiles in a micropolar liquid layer kept between two parallel plates of infinite extent separated by a thin layer, heated and soluted from above. The onset of salt finger convection (convection due to the salt finger process) is studied through the linear stability analysis theory. The system of partial differential equations is solved numerically using the normal mode analysis method and the required solution is found by applying the Galerkin method. The effect of heat transfer and concentration of micropolar liquid is obtained for (i) free–free, (ii) rigid–rigid, and (iii) rigid–free isothermal, permeable with no‐spin boundary conditions. The effect of different micropolar parameters (i.e., coupling parameter, micropolar heat conduction parameter, couple stress parameter, and inertia parameter) has been analyzed on the onset of stationary convection, and the results are depicted graphically. It is shown that different non‐uniform concentration gradients, diffusivity ratio, coupling parameter, and solutal Rayleigh number influence the heat transfer in the system. The phase of concentration flow for different boundary conditions is compared and analyzed.
Progress in the correlation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease and the potential therapeutic drug exploration
Authors: Chen Dong‐Qin , Fang Xu , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a decrease in mental capacity that can occur days to weeks after a medical procedure and may become permanent and rarely lasts for a longer period of time. With the continuous development of research, various viewpoints in academic circles have undergone subtle changes, and the role of anesthesia depth and anesthesia type seems to be gradually weakened; Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a latent and progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. The protein hypothesis and the synaptic hypothesis are well‐known reasons. These changes will also lead to the occurrence of an inflammatory cascade. The exact etiology and pathogenesis need to be studied. The reasonable biological mechanism affecting brain protein deposition, neuroinflammation, and acetylcholine‐like effect has a certain relationship between AD and POCD. Whereas there is still further uncertainty about the mechanism and treatment, and it is elusive whether POCD is a link in the continuous progress of AD or a separate entity, which has doubts about the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, this review is based on the current common clinical characteristics of AD and POCD, and pathophysiological research, to search for their common points and explore the direction and new strategies for future treatment.
Intralesional margin after excision of a high‐grade osteosarcoma: Is it a catastrophe?
Authors: Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Gaston Czar L. , Styring Emelie , Haglund Felix , Grimer Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTreatment of high‐grade osteosarcoma (OS) relies on a combination of systemic chemotherapy and radical surgical excision of the tumor. Little is known on what happens in case of an irrefutably inadequate (intralesional) margin. We aimed to describe the outcome of patients with high‐grade OSs of the trunk and the extremities where planned wide resection resulted in an intralesional margin.MethodsA retrospective study from the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group registry and the Royal Orthopaedic Hospital databases including data from 53 patients surgically treated between the years 1990 and 2017.ResultsLocal recurrence was observed in 13/53 patients. All patients with local recurrence where the neoadjuvant chemotherapy response could be retrieved (n = 9) were shown to be poor responders. None of the patients with good response to chemotherapy relapsed. Postoperative radiotherapy was not associated with improved local control of the disease. Re‐excision surgery was performed in only seven patients, and two of them had tumor relapse.ConclusionsGood response to chemotherapy salvages the outcome of surgical excision with a poor margin in patients with high‐grade OSs and a watchful waiting strategy may be justified in these cases. Poor responders have a higher recurrence risk and their approach should be individualized.
Four‐dimensional computed tomography of the left ventricle, Part I: Motion artifact reduction
Authors: Pack Jed D. , Manohar Ashish , Ramani Sathish , Claus Bernhard , Yin Zhye , Contijoch Francisco J. , Schluchter Andrew J. , McVeigh Elliot R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeStandard four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) cardiac reconstructions typically include spiraling artifacts that depend not only on the motion of the heart but also on the gantry angle range over which the data was acquired. We seek to reduce these motion artifacts and, thereby, improve the accuracy of left ventricular wall positions in 4DCT image series.MethodsWe use a motion artifact reduction approach (ResyncCT) that is based largely on conjugate pairs of partial angle reconstruction (PAR) images. After identifying the key locations where motion artifacts exist in the uncorrected images, paired subvolumes within the PAR images are analyzed with a modified cross‐correlation function in order to estimate 3D velocity and acceleration vectors at these locations. A subsequent motion compensation process (also based on PAR images) includes the creation of a dense motion field, followed by a backproject‐and‐warp style compensation. The algorithm was tested on a 3D printed phantom, which represents the left ventricle (LV) and on challenging clinical cases corrupted by severe artifacts.ResultsThe results from our preliminary phantom test as well as from clinical cardiac scans show crisp endocardial edges and resolved double‐wall artifacts. When viewed as a temporal series, the corrected images exhibit a much smoother motion of the LV endocardial boundary as compared to the uncorrected images. In addition, quantitative results from our phantom studies show that ResyncCT processing reduces endocardial surface distance errors from 0.9 ± 0.8 to 0.2 ± 0.1 mm.ConclusionsThe ResyncCT algorithm was shown to be effective in reducing motion artifacts and restoring accurate wall positions. Some perspectives on the use of conjugate‐PAR images and on techniques for CT motion artifact reduction more generally are also given.
How we approach paediatric renal tumour core needle biopsy in the setting of preoperative chemotherapy: A Review from the SIOP Renal Tumour Study Group
Authors: Jackson Thomas J. , Brisse Herve J. , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Nakata Kayo , Morosi Carlo , Oue Takahara , Irtan Sabine , Vujanic Gordan , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Graf Norbert , Chowdhury Tanzina ,   SIOP RTSG Biopsy Working Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe International Society of Paediatric Oncology Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP‐RTSG) advocate treating children with Wilms tumour (WT) with preoperative chemotherapy, whereas the Renal Tumor Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) advocates primary nephrectomy (without biopsy) when feasible. Successive SIOP‐RTSG trial protocols recommended pretreatment biopsy of children with unilateral tumours only where there were features to suggest an increased probability of a non‐WT requiring a change in management. The UK experience in the SIOP WT 2001 trial showed that an alternate approach of performing biopsies on all children with renal tumour masses to determine histology at diagnosis rarely changes management, and can result in misdiagnosis (particularly patients in the age range typical for WT). Although a more selective approach to biopsy has been routine practice in all other countries participating in SIOP‐RTSG trials, there was variation between national groups. To address this variation and provide evidence‐based recommendations for the indications and recommended approach to renal tumour biopsy within the SIOP paradigm, an international, multidisciplinary working group of SIOP‐RTSG members was convened. We describe the resulting recommendations of this group, which are to be incorporated in the ongoing SIOP‐RTSG UMBRELLA study.
Synthesis of Novel Artemisinin Derivatives and Their Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Esen Meryem , Kavak Emrah , Ozok‐Arici Omruye , Ulas Berdan , Kivrak Hilal , Kivrak Arif 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn present, new artemisinin‐based organic compounds (1–6) are designed and synthesized in excellent yields (up to 97 %) via Steglich Esterification reactions. All new artemisinin derivatives are tested as anode catalysts for hydrazine electrooxidation reactions with electrochemical methods in 1 M KOH/0.5 M N2H4 solution. Hybrid molecule 1 exhibits the best catalytic activity in hydrazine electrooxidation reaction with 2.28 mA cm−2 value. Moreover, response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to investigate of optimum electrode conditions. By using optimum conditions, hydrazine electrooxidation is obtained as 3.55324 mA cm−2. As a result, artemisinin‐based hybrid compounds may be alternative, and next‐generation anode catalyst for direct hydrazine fuel cells.
Dual‐Function of Cation‐Doping to Activate Cationic and Anionic Redox in a Mn‐Based Sodium‐Layered Oxide Cathode
Authors: Ni Qing , Zhao Yongjie , Yuan Xuanyi , Li Jingbo , Jin Haibo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, sodium‐ion batteries have shown great potential for energy storage owing to their favorable electrochemical properties and intrinsic cost performance, which fuels the research and development of Mn‐based layered oxides as promising sodium‐ion cathodes. However, the undesirable structural evolution and oxygen redox impose great challenge on the cycling stability and rate capability of such cathodes. In this work, it is reported that Fe and Al can effectively tailor the Na2/3Mn2/3Fe1/6Al1/6O2 to trigger a stable cationic and anionic redox behavior. In situ X‐ray diffraction analysis confirms the retention of a stable P2 phase upon cycling, and density functional theory results demonstrate that Al3+ doping can strengthen the covalency of MnO bond. The Na2/3Mn2/3Fe1/6Al1/6O2 cathode can retain 90% of its initial capacity within the voltage range of 2.0–4.2 V versus Na+/Na at 200 mA g‐1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the specific capacity can be replenished by the synergistic reactions between Fe3+/Fe4+/Fe3+ and O2‐/(O2)n‐ pairs within the voltage range of 4.0–4.4 V versus Na+/Na, which is also elucidated by theoretical calculation.
Spheres Multiple Physical Network‐Based Triboelectric Materials for Self‐Powered Contactless Sensing
Authors: Zhang Wanglin , Lu Yanxu , Liu Tao , Zhao Jiamin , Liu Yanhua , Fu Qiu , Mo Jilong , Cai Chenchen , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNon‐contact mode triboelectric nanogenerators effectively avoid physical contact between two triboelectric materials and achieve long‐term reliable operation, providing broad application prospects in the field of self‐powered sensing. However, the low surface charge density of triboelectric materials restricts application of contactless sensing. Herein, by controlling Rayleigh Instability deformation of the spinning jet and vapor‐induced phase separation during electrostatic spinning, a polyvinylidene fluoride@Mxene (Ti3C2Tx) composite film with spheres multiple physical network structures is prepared and utilized as the triboelectric material of a self‐powered contactless sensor. The structure of the composite film and high conductivity of Ti3C2Tx provide triboelectric materials with high output performance (charge output and power output up to 128 µC m–2 and 200 µW cm–2 at 2 Hz) and high output stability. The self‐powered contactless sensor shows excellent speed sensitivity (1.175 Vs m–1). Additionally, it could accurately identify the motion states such as running (55 mV), jumping (105 mV), and walking (40 mV) within the range of 70 cm, and present the signals in different pop forms. This work lays a solid foundation for the development and application of high‐performance triboelectric materials, and has guiding significance for the research of self‐powered contactless sensing.
Multivariate Synthetic Strategy for Improving Crystallinity of Zwitterionic Squaraine‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Photothermal Performance
Authors: Ding Ning , Zhou Ting , Weng Weijun , Lin Zheng , Liu Shujing , Maitarad Phornphimon , Wang Changchun , Guo Jia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) offer a designable platform to explore porous polyelectrolyte frameworks with periodic ionic skeletons and uniform pore channels. However, the crystallinity of ionized 2D COF is often far from satisfactory as the electrostatic assembly of structures impedes the ordered layered arrangement. Here, a multivariate synthetic strategy to synthesize a highly crystalline squaraine (SQ)‐linked zwitterionic 2D COF is proved. A neutral aldehyde monomer copolymerizes with squaric acid (SA) and amines in a controlled manner, resulting in the ionized COF with linkage heterogeneity in one tetragonal framework. Thus, the zwitterions of SQ are spatially isolated to minimize the electrostatic interaction and maintain the highly ordered layered stacking. With the addition of 85%–90% SA (relative to a total of aldehydes and SA), a fully SQ‐linked zwitterionic 2D COF is achieved by the in‐situ conversion of imine to SQ linkages. Such a highly crystalline SQ‐linked COF promotes absorptivity in a full spectrum and photothermal conversion performances, and in turn, it exhibits enhanced solar‐to‐vapor generation with an efficiency of as high as 92.19%. These results suggest that synthetically regulating charge distribution is desirable to constitute a family of new crystalline polyelectrolyte frameworks.
Evaporative Drying: A General and Readily Scalable Route to Spherical Nucleic Acids with Quantitative, Fully Tunable, and Record‐High DNA Loading
Authors: Ye Yichen , Hao Yan , Ye Meiyun , Song Xiaojun , Deng Zhaoxiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) grafted with highly dense DNA strands are termed as spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which have important applications benefiting from various unique properties unpossessed by naturally occurring nucleic acids. To overcome existing challenges toward an ideal SNA synthesis, herein, a very simple, while highly effective evaporative drying strategy featuring various long‐desired advantages, is reported. This includes record‐high DNA loading, generality for more NP materials, fully and quantitatively tunable DNA density, and readiness toward bulk production. The process requires almost zero care and the solid products are especially suitable for a long‐time storage without quality degradation. The research reveals a quick and highly efficient packing of thiol‐tagged DNA on the NP surface at the critical moment of drying, which refreshes previous knowledge on DNA conjugation chemistry. Based on this advancement, practical applications of SNAs in various fields may become possible.