bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumption and Metabolism of Extracellular Pyruvate by Cultured Rat Brain Astrocytes
Authors: Denker Nadine , Harders Antonia R. , Arend Christian , Dringen Ralf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrain astrocytes are considered as glycolytic cell type, but these cells also produce ATP via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exposure of cultured primary astrocytes in a glucose-free medium to extracellular substrates that are known to be metabolised by mitochondrial pathways, including pyruvate, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, alanine and acetate, revealed that among the substrates investigated extracellular pyruvate was most efficiently consumed by astrocytes. Extracellular pyruvate was consumed by the cells almost proportional to time over hours in a concentration-dependent manner with apparent Michaelis–Menten kinetics [Km = 0.6 ± 0.1 mM, Vmax = 5.1 ± 0.8 nmol/(min × mg protein)]. The astrocytic consumption of pyruvate was strongly impaired in the presence of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitor AR-C155858 or by application of a 10-times excess of the MCT1 substrates lactate or beta-hydroxybutyrate. Pyruvate consumption by viable astrocytes was inhibited in the presence of UK5099, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, or after application of the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A. In contrast, the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 strongly accelerated cellular pyruvate consumption. Lactate and alanine accounted after 3 h of incubation with pyruvate for around 60% and 10%, respectively, of the pyruvate consumed by the cells. These results demonstrate that consumption of extracellular pyruvate by astrocytes involves uptake via MCT1 and that the velocity of pyruvate consumption is strongly modified by substances that affect the entry of pyruvate into mitochondria or the activity of mitochondrial respiration.
Bandwidth selection for statistical matching and prediction
Authors: Barbeito Inés , Cao Ricardo , Sperlich Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile there exist many bandwidth selectors for estimation, bandwidth selection for statistical matching and prediction has hardly been studied so far. We introduce a computationally attractive selector for nonparametric out-of-sample prediction problems like data matching, impact evaluation, scenario simulations or imputing missings. Even though the method is bootstrap based, we can derive closed expressions for the criterion function which avoids the need of Monte Carlo approximations. We study both, asymptotic and finite sample performance. The derived consistency, convergence rate and extensive simulation studies show the successful operation of the selector. The method is illustrated by applying it to real data for studying the gender wage gap in Spain. Specifically, the salary of Spanish women is predicted nonparametrically by the wage equation estimated for men while conditioned on their own (i.e., women’s) characteristics. An important discrepancy between observed and predicted wages is found, exhibiting a serious gender wage gap.
Introduction: Fertility and Social Inequalities in Migrant Populations: a Look at the Roles of Selection, Context of Reception, and Employment
Authors: Milewski Nadja , Adserà Alicia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper is the introduction to the Special Issue on “Fertility and social inequalities in migrant populations.” The Special Issue contains twelve empirical papers that deal with both international migrants and internal migrants, both women and men, both older migrant populations spanning several generations as well as recent immigrant groups, such as refugees, and include analyses of both behavior and intentions. The data used comprise macro indicators and individual-level data as well as qualitative material. Regional contexts include classical immigration countries in Europe and Oceania as well as relatively recent destinations. The papers draw on several comparative perspectives—migrants at destination, emigrants and stayers at origin, migrants with different numbers of children upon migration, and different migrant generations—to address three large questions. Six papers explore the role of time and sequencing in migrant fertility, in relation to both period effects and sequencing of births in the life course, as well as the role selection into migration plays in female and male migrants’ fertility behavior. Four papers focus into how regional variation in the receiving contexts shapes fertility behavior, highlighting the role of migrant type, human capital, and social capital. Two papers look at how childbearing is associated with different degrees of economic assimilation, i.e., maternal employment. Overall, this Special Issue demonstrates the large heterogeneity in fertility among migrant and ethnic minority groups. Social inequalities shape fertility differentials, which in turn influence subsequent life courses of migrants and ethnic minority group members. Future research on migrant assimilation should pay more attention to variation in demographic behavior.
Developing and renewing marketing as a scientific discipline through reflexive cocreation
Authors: Helkkula Anu , Arnould Eric 
Published: December 2022

AbstractShelby V. Hunt was long interested in codifying and parameterizing the marketing discipline with a distinctive focus on the principles of making scientific claims. In their article, Hunt et al., (2022, in this issue) present their concerns about the scholarly status of marketing, highlighting the loss of a central, mainstream research focus. However, we think the real challenges are different than those that worry the authors. Marketing as a scientific discipline evolves by adapting from and contributing to theories, concepts, and methods in related research fields. Thus, we claim that the potential of marketing discipline lies in the diversity of intertwined and divergent research streams, such as service-dominant logic and consumer culture theory. We propose that a cocreational approach that questions foundational assumptions and a purely managerial orientation, is more likely to produce a renewal of marketing scholarship and provide solutions to wicked social problems than a single reductive theoretical approach.
Psychopathology and eating behaviour in people with type 2 diabetes referred for bariatric surgery
Authors: Pekin C. , McHale M. , Seymour M. , Strodl E. , Hopkins G. , Mitchell D. , Byrne G. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Psychopathology and disordered eating behaviours are putative pre-operative risk factors for suboptimal outcomes post-bariatric surgery. Documented psychopathology prevalence rates vary in bariatric candidate samples. Further, less attention has been paid to vulnerable subgroups such as people with diabetes who might be at an elevated risk. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the rates of psychopathology and disordered eating in pre-surgical candidates with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
Participants were 401 consecutive patients from a state-wide bariatric surgery service for people with T2DM. Psychopathology was measured using multi-modal assessment including diagnostic interview and battery of validated questionnaires. The mean age of the sample was 51 years with a mean BMI of 46 kg/m2. The majority of the sample was female (60.6%), born in Australia (87%) and 18.2% identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.

Results
Rates of current psychopathology in this sample included: major depressive disorder (MDD; 16.75%), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD; 20.25%), insomnia (17.75%) and binge eating disorder (BED; 10.75%). There were no significant differences on measures between people who endorsed Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status compared to those who did not endorse. The mean total score on the BES was 21.82 ± 10.40 (range 0–39), with 8.2% of participants meeting criteria for severe binge eating. Presence of an eating disorder was not significantly associated with degree of glycemic compensation. Average emotional eating scores were significantly higher in this study, compared to reference samples. Significantly increased binge eating severity and emotional eating severity was revealed for people with T2DM and comorbid MDD, social anxiety and eating disorders. Binge eating severity was associated with GAD, food addiction, substance use disorders, and history of suicide attempt but not emotional eating severity.

Conclusion
Amongst people with T2DM seeking bariatric surgery, MDD, GAD and emotional eating were common. Psychopathology in a sample of people with T2DM seeking bariatric surgery was significantly associated with severity of disordered eating. These findings suggest people with T2DM seeking bariatric surgery may be vulnerable to psychopathology and disordered eating with implications for early identification and intervention.

Level of evidence
Evidence obtained from cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Green, Sustainable Architectural Bamboo with High Light Transmission and Excellent Electromagnetic Shielding as a Candidate for Energy-Saving Buildings
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Xinyu , Wang Yajing , Zhao Weiying , Zhao Yue , Zhou Ming , Wu Yan , Ji Guangbin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrently, light-transmitting, energy-saving, and electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing indoor energy consumption and improving the electromagnetic environment. Here, we developed a cellulose composite with excellent optical transmittance that retained the natural shape and fiber structure of bamboo. The modified whole bamboo possessed an impressive optical transmittance of approximately 60% at 6.23 mm, illuminance of 1000 luminance (lux), water absorption stability (mass change rate less than 4%), longitudinal tensile strength (46.40 MPa), and surface properties (80.2 HD). These were attributed to not only the retention of the natural circular hollow structure of the bamboo rod on the macro, but also the complete bamboo fiber skeleton template impregnated with UV resin on the micro. Moreover, a multilayered device consisting of translucent whole bamboo, transparent bamboo sheets, and electromagnetic shielding film exhibited remarkable heat insulation and heat preservation performance as well as an electromagnetic shielding performance of 46.3 dB. The impressive optical transmittance, mechanical properties, thermal performance, and electromagnetic shielding abilities combined with the renewable and sustainable nature, as well as the fast and efficient manufacturing process, make this bamboo composite material suitable for effective application in transparent, energy-saving, and electromagnetic shielding buildings.
Tie a knot: human–robot cooperative workflow for assembling wooden structures using rope joints
Authors: Mitterberger Daniela , Atanasova Lidia , Dörfler Kathrin , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn recent years, research in computational design and robotic fabrication in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) has made remarkable advances in automating construction processes, both in prefabrication and in-situ fabrication. However, little research has been done on how to leverage human-in-the-loop processes for large-scale robotic fabrication scenarios. In such processes, humans and robots support each other in fabrication operations that neither of them could handle alone, leading to new opportunities for the AEC domain. In this paper, we present Tie a knot, an experimental study that introduces a set of digital tools and workflows that enables a novel human–robot cooperative workflow for assembling a complex wooden structure with rope joints. The system is designed for a dually augmented human–robot team involving two mobile robots and two humans, facilitated by a shared digital-physical workspace. In this shared workspace, digital spatial data informs humans about the design space and fabrication-related boundary conditions for decision-making during assembly. As such, humans can manually place elements at locations of their choice, following a set of design rules that affect the gradual evolution of the structure. In direct response to such manually placed elements, the cooperating robots can continue the assembly cycle by precisely placing elements and stabilizing the overall structure. During robotic stabilization, the humans make rope connections, which require high dexterity. The concept and workflow were physically implemented and validated through the cooperative assembly of a complex timber structure over five days. As part of this experimental investigation, we demonstrated and evaluated the performance of two tracking methods that allowed the digitization of the manually placed elements. In closing, the paper discusses the technological challenges and how a hybrid human–robot team could open new avenues for digital fabrication in architecture, accelerating the adoption of robotic technology in AEC.
Learning and evaluating the overlapping roles of physics and physiology in perceiving contrast and resolution in microscopy
Authors: Rajdeep Prashant , Patel Lajja , Trivedi Vismay , Panchal Preeti , Chaudhari Rinkesh , Parmar Kinjal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSimple compound microscopy is widely used across the globe. However, contrast and resolution fascinate students and are difficult to learn due to their limited practical experience. Although the laws of physics have been derived thoroughly, their real implementation in the human body is uncertain. This study quantifies contrast and resolution through human perception and technological tools and assesses the degree of overlap between physics and physiology. Thus, an opaque repository for a compound microscope with a mobile holder is devised to capture the images of Leishman-stained smears and USAF targets. Another receptacle is fabricated to hold coloured filters against a light bulb, which projects on the microscope mirror through a connecting pipe. The images with a different sequence of filters are subjected to analysis by volunteers and using digital image processing techniques. The perception of contrast and resolution through the human eye and digital processing shows an overlap of 82.57% for contrast and 76.40% for resolution. Also, participants opt for contrast (81.66%) against the resolution (75.51%). The preferred sequence of light for contrast and resolution is white > green > blue > red and white > blue > green > red, respectively. Green > blue > red is preceded by white when both contrast and resolution are examined concurrently. Thus, the integrated role of the two disciplines in learning contrast and resolution has been studied and evaluated practically beyond the limits of the textbook on a hands-on basis. Simultaneously, the subjective selection of resolution or contrast using low-cost colour filters is an affordable approach to upgrade a microscope.
Graphical abstract
The photophysics of 2-cyanoindole probed by femtosecond spectroscopy
Authors: Morshedi Mahbobeh , Nolden Oliver , Janke Philipp , Haselbach Wiebke , Schmitt Michael , Gilch Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe photophysics of 2-cyanoindole (2-CI) in solution (water, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, acetonitrile‚ and tetrahydrofuran) was investigated by steady-state as well as time resolved fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The fluorescence quantum yield of 2-cyanoindole is strongly sensitive to the solvent. In water the quantum yield is as low as 4.4 × 10–4. In tetrahydrofuran, it amounts to a yield of 0.057. For 2-CI dissolved in water, a bi-exponential fluorescence decay with time constants of ∼1 ps and ∼8 ps is observed. For short wavelength excitation (266 nm) the initial fluorescence anisotropy is close to zero. For excitation with 310 nm it amounts to 0.2. In water, femtosecond transient absorption reveals that the fluorescence decay is solely due to internal conversion to the ground state. In aprotic solvents, the fluorescence decay takes much longer (acetonitrile: ∼900 ps, tetrahydrofuran: ∼2.6 ns) and intersystem crossing contributes.
Graphical abstract
Building a Better Forecast: Reformulating the Ensemble Kalman Filter for Improved Applications to Volcano Deformation
Authors: Albright J. A. , Gregg P. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the volume of data collected at monitored volcanoes continues to expand, researchers will need quick, reliable, and automated methods of inverting those data into useful models of the underlying magma systems. Recently adapted from other fields for use in volcanology, the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is one such inversion technique that has been used to produce several successful forecasts and hind‐casts of volcanic unrest, correlating geodetic deformation with mechanical stresses around the magma reservoir. However, given the similarity in which changes to a reservoir's size and pressure are expressed at the surface, the filter can have trouble fully resolving magmatic conditions. In this study, we therefore test several different published variations of the EnKF workflow to produce an optimal configuration for use in future forecasting efforts. By generating synthetic observations of ground deformation under known conditions and then assimilating them through different implementations of the EnKF, we find that many variants favored in other fields underperform for this specific application. We conclude that correlations between model parameters that develop within the EnKF's Monte Carlo ensemble distort the filter's ability to correctly update the model state, causing the filter to systematically favor changes in some parameters over others and ultimately converge to a partially inaccurate solution. This effect can be somewhat mitigated by interrupting these parameter correlations, and the filter remains sensitive to many aspects of the magma system regardless. However, further research and novel approaches will be needed to truly optimize the EnKF for use in volcanology.
Long‐Term High‐Resolution Gauge Adjusted Satellite Rainfall Product Over India
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Varma Atul K. , Kubota Takuji , Yamaji Moeka , Tashima Tomoko , Mega Tomoaki , Ushio Tomoo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aims to create a 21‐year, high spatiotemporal resolution Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) rainfall product adjusted by rain gauge measurements over the Indian mainland and highlighted the importance of the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) daily gridded rainfall to generate gauge adjusted GSMaP rainfall products over Indian landmass. The targeted resolutions of the GSMaP are hourly and 0.1° × 0.1°. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Center daily gauge analysis (0.5° × 0.5°) and IMD daily gridded rainfall (0.25° × 0.25°) were utilized to generate long‐term rainfall products, GSMaP_CPC and GSMaP_IMD rainfall, respectively. After preliminary verification of the GSMaP_CPC and GSMaP_IMD rainfalls with IMD gauges, these rainfall products are evaluated for the Indian Summer Monsoon periods of 2000–2020 with comparisons of other gauge adjusted rainfall products such as the Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement final‐run. The results suggest GSMaP_IMD has a smaller root‐mean‐square difference (RMSD) and higher correlation than GSMaP_CPC, evaluated against independent rainfall products. In the 3‐hour mean analysis with spaceborne precipitation radar data, it is found that the value of RMSD decreases in GSMaP_IMD with respect to GSMaP_CPC throughout the day. The statistics against the hourly dense gauge network suggests that the GSMaP_IMD is more effective in capturing large spatiotemporal rainfall variation. Thus, validation results with the independent sources suggest that GSMaP_IMD rainfall generally improved over GSMaP_CPC rainfall. These improvements are significant in orographic regions with high rainfall amounts, mainly the western Ghats and northeastern parts of India.
Trace Element Geochemistry in the Earliest Terrestrial Ecosystem, the Rhynie Chert
Authors: Parnell John , Akinsanpe Temitope O. , Armstrong Joseph G. T. , Boyce Adrian J. , Still John W. , Bowden Stephen A. , Clases David , Gonzalez de Vega Raquel , Feldmann Joerg 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe symbiotic partnership of plants and fungi was a critical means of nutrient uptake during colonization of the terrestrial surface. The Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert shows evidence for extensive phosphorus mobilization in plant debris that was pervasively colonized by fungi. Sandy sediment entrapped with fungi‐rich phytodebris contains grains of the phosphate mineral monazite which exhibit alteration to highly porous and leached surfaces. Mixed manganese‐iron oxide precipitates contain up to 2% P2O5. The mobilization of Mn, Fe, and P are all features of mycorrhizal nutrient concentration. However, the ecosystem was also exposed to toxic elements from hot spring hydrothermal activity. The oxide precipitates include titanium and iron‐titanium oxide which sequestered potentially toxic tungsten and antimony. Abundant pyrite framboids in the Rhynie Chert indicate that plant decomposition included microbial sulfate reduction. This caused the removal of some of the arsenic from the groundwaters into the pyrite, which reduced toxicity while leaving enough for putative arsenic metabolism. These relationships show the mineral component of the ecosystem modified the geochemistry of ambient waters.
Inventory and Frequency of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps in Permafrost Region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Luo Jing , Niu Fujun , Lin Zhanju , Liu Minghao , Yin Guoan , Gao Zeyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDue to the increasing air temperatures, retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs) have become more common on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), but their inventory, frequency, and initiation have not been fully investigated. In satellite imagery for the period 2018–2020, 2669 active RTSs were identified in permafrost regions of the QTP. Most of the RTSs occur in regions with elevations ranging from 4,600 to 5,100 m along north‐facing slopes varying from 3° to 8°. The number of RTSs and their affected areas increased by 4 and 6 times, respectively, in three densely distributed RTS regions from 2008/2013 to 2021. This increase in the RTS occurrence mainly occurred during the warm season in 2010 and 2016 and is likely due to high air temperatures during the thawing season, which induced the massive occurrence of active‐layer detachment slides. Another intensification of RTS occurrences may appear when higher anomaly air temperatures are observed.