bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding management during anticoagulation therapy
Authors: Jang Ho-Jun , Lee Dongyoung , Kim Tae-Hoon , Kim Je Sang , Lee Hyun-Jong , Kim Ji Bak , Kim Ji-young 
Published: June 2022

Background
Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is not an uncommon complication of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy that requires medication cessation. However, drug cessation may cause fatal stroke or systemic embolization in patients at high thromboembolic risk. Here we sought to find an appropriate anticoagulation cessation strategy in cases of GI bleeding during OAC therapy.

Methods
This single-center retrospective cohort analysis was performed between 2010 and 2018. Patients were enrolled if the following three consecutive conditions were met: 1) electrocardiography electrocardiography-proven atrial fibrillation; 2) OAC therapy; and 3) GI bleeding. We divided the drug cessation strategy into the continuation and discontinuation groups. During 1-year follow-up, the rates of major thromboembolic and rebleeding events were calculated.

Results
One hundred and forty-six patients (continuation [n = 54] vs. discontinuation [n = 92] group) were enrolled. Patients in the discontinuation group were more likely to be older (69.8 ± 9.0 yrs vs. 74.9 ± 8.9 yrs, p = 0.001), while patients in the continuation group were more likely to have undergone cardiac valve surgery (51.9% vs. 20.7%, p<0.001). The presence of a mechanical mitral valve was a determinant of continuation strategy (38.9% vs. 7.5%, p<0.001). However, the mean CHA₂DS₂-VASc (3.4±1.3 vs. 4.1±1.6, p = 0.010) and Glasgow-Blatchford (8.0±2.4 vs. 8.9±2.5, p = 0.037) scores were higher in the discontinuation group.
Two major embolic strokes occurred in each group (3.7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.585). Four of 54 (7.4%) and five of 92 (5.4%) patients had rebleeding events during follow-up (p = 0.632). One embolic event in the continuation group and one rebleeding event in the discontinuation group were fatal. The Glasgow-Blatchford score was a predictor of 1-year rebleeding events (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–2.20; p = 0.028). The high CHA₂DS₂-VASc score showed a strong trend (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.92–3.20; p = 0.089) in 1-year thromboembolic events.

Conclusion
No single risk factor or drug cessation strategy was attributed to adverse clinical events after GI bleeding. The risk of future thrombotic or rebleeding events should be individualized and controlled for based on a pre-existing stratification system.
SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DOS CUSTOS DA PESQUISA NACIONAL POR AMOSTRA DE DOMICÍLIOS CONTÍNUA – IBGE: UM RECORTE EM FLORIANÓPOLIS
Authors: Peres Júlia Gonçalves , Raupp Fabiano Maury 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: O estudo teve por objetivo propor a sistematização dos custos da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua desenvolvida pelo IBGE em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina.
Procedimentos Metodológicos: A PNADC compõe o portfólio de trabalhos desenvolvidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, e caracteriza–se como objeto desse estudo. A pesquisa é do tipo descritiva, realizada por meio de um estudo de caso e documental, com abordagem qualitativa e a quantitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da extração de informações em sistemas gerenciais internos e do Governo Federal, além de relatórios, planilhas e documentos organizacionais.
Resultados: A proposta de sistematização de custos consiste em algumas etapas que iniciam com a identificação de todos os gastos; na sequência, esses gastos são classificados entre custos diretos – prontamente atribuídos ao objeto de custo – e indiretos para os quais foi necessário estabelecer um critério de rateio. O critério utilizado foi a carga de trabalho do órgão em Santa Catarina, ou seja, quantos questionários foram colhidos em cada pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto. Após a definição do método de distribuição dos custos indiretos, atribui–se os custos diretos e indiretos e calculou–se o quanto a PNADC em Florianópolis custou em 2017. Por meio da divisão entre o custo total da PNADC pelo número de questionários coletados nos domicílios sob a alçada de Florianópolis, chegou–se ao valor de R$ 261,89 por questionário respondido. O custo de cada questionário proporciona embasamento para projeção de custo total da pesquisa em cada período, relacionando o tamanho da amostra, o tempo para coleta, o corpo técnico e os recursos necessários para sua execução.
Originalidade: O assunto custos no setor público é recente e incipiente, apesar das primeiras publicações da década de 60, haja vista as questões que devem ser discutidas, refletidas e elucidadas. O tratamento no âmbito das pesquisas domiciliares, e mesmo das estatísticas oficiais, é escasso.
PROCESSO DECISÓRIO EM UMA MPE: O DILEMA DE ROBSON PAI E ROBSON FILHO
Authors: PEREIRA JUSSARA JESSICA , CAPPELLE MONICA CARVALHO ALVES , REZENDE ANA FLÁVIA , OLETO ALICE DE FREITAS 
Published: June 2022

Dilema: a partir da discussão entre dois gestores, de gerações distintas, surge o dilema de avaliar uma decisão tomada. O dilema centra-se em analisar como tal decisão afeta os interesses da empresa, dos sócios, bem como outras partes interessadas.
Objetivo educacional: trazer uma reflexão quanto ao processo de gestão em ambiente empresarial familiar, destacando questões como processo de tomada de decisão, liderança, relações de poder, estilos de gestão, comportamento humano nas organizações e planejamento estratégico.
Contextualização: a tomada de decisão exige a transformação dos dados em ação de modo que a qualidade da decisão seja a peça-chave para o sucesso de uma organização. A Paper & Art é uma empresa familiar, localizada em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e possui sete funcionários. O caso de ensino tem como foco a história de pai e filho que, ao comandarem um comércio no ramo de papelaria, se deparam com desafios que exigem a necessidade de combinar os esforços dos envolvidos, evitando que as disparidades de objetivos dos membros prejudiquem a empresa.
Tema principal: o caso possibilita discussões sobre processos decisórios, qualidade da decisão e conflitos entre gerações nas empresas familiares.
Público: o caso pode ser aplicado a estudantes de negócios e em disciplinas de graduação ou pós-graduação que envolva decisões, poder e conflito.
Originalidade / valor: na situação real apresentada, existe a necessidade de combinar os esforços dos envolvidos, evitando que as disparidades de objetivos dos membros prejudiquem a empresa. Esta é a originalidade do caso.
NEM DESISTIR, NEM TENTAR! SERÁ QUE CANTAR AGORA TANTO FAZ? O DILEMA DE LUKA NUM CONTEXTO PANDÊMICO
Authors: Santos Kathyana Vanessa Diniz , Abrantes Luciene Alencar Firmo 
Published: June 2022

Dilema: Fazer ou não uma “live”.
Objetivo educacional: O caso foi elaborado com o intuito de discutir questões relativas a cenários de crise e tomada de decisão, além de trazer perspectivas de análise de mudanças advindas de interações entre aspectos internos e externos às organizações. Nas notas de ensino constam 6 objetivos de aprendizagem associados, principalmente: a análise do ambiente, metáforas organizacionais, decisões não programadas e os elementos de decisão.
Contextualização: O surgimento de um contexto pandêmico gerou uma crise mundial que acabou impactando a indústria da música de diversas formas. Um dos impactos concerne à popularização de um novo formato de produção musical (as “lives”). Um cantor e compositor de 30 anos, Luka, teve seus objetivos profissionais comprometidos em virtude dessa situação pandêmica e, juntamente com o pessoal da sua agência, precisava avaliar as possíveis consequências envolvidas na decisão de aderir ou não à realização de uma “live”; tendo que desenvolver potencialmente novas habilidades para encarar esse cenário.
Tema principal: Cenários de crise e tomada de decisão.
Público: O caso pode ser explorado por alunos de graduação e/ou pós-graduação (lato e/ou stricto sensu).
Originalidade / valor: Por meio desse caso, os alunos podem identificar a presença de elementos teóricos numa situação prática, associando-a, por exemplo, às conceituações de metáforas propostas por Morgan (2007) para conceber a natureza de uma organização.
MSDO/MDSO: UMA TÉCNICA PARA A REDUÇÃO DO NÚMERO DE CONDIÇÕES CAUSAIS NA ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA COMPARATIVA
Authors: Dias Marcelo Fernandes Pacheco , Dias Cleidson Nogueira 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: este artigo tem o objetivo de exemplificar e analisar cada uma das etapas operacionais da técnica MSDO/MDSO com vistas à redução da complexidade sistêmica no uso do método csQCA, com o apoio do software MDSO / MSDO.
Design / metodologia / abordagem: Análise comparativa: casos mais similares com diferentes resultados/ casos mais diferentes com o mesmo resultado - MDSO / MSDO. Aplicação da técnica para a identificação das condições causais explicativas das diferenças de desempenho inovador em 26 redes de inovação do Brasil e da Espanha.
Resultados: Das vinte condições causais analisadas, as quais estavam agrupadas em quatro categorias (clusters) denominadas de Recursos Físicos, Humanos, Financeiros e Organizacionais foram identificadas 8 condições causais explicativas da diferença de desempenho.
Implicações metodológicas: Um dos problemas principais na pesquisa social, inclusive em recentes estudos de inovação, é o tamanho da complexidade sistêmica. A dificuldade de reduzir a complexidade sistêmica tem se manifestado reiteradamente quando os pesquisadores do campo da Administração e da Inovação tem se utilizado da análise de casos com dados binários, denominado de Crisp Set Comparative Qualitative Analisys – csQCA. A análise MSDO/MDSO (casos mais diferentes com resultados iguais e casos mais similares com diferentes resultados) contribuiu para minimizar esse problema.
Originalidade / valor: Técnica tem sido pouco utilizada no Brasil. As quatro etapas da aplicação da técnica são detalhadamente demostradas e analisadas.
EVIDÊNCIAS PARA A CONTA CORRENTE INTERTEMPORAL NO BRASIL E ANÁLISE DO DISTANCIMENTO ENTRE TEÓRICA E OBSERVADA
Authors: Carmo Júlia Goes da Silva , Corrêa Wilson Luiz Rotatori , Betarelli Junior Admir Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Ter evidências do que contribuiu para o distanciamento entre as contas correntes observada e teórica do modelo intertemporal da conta corrente, tendo em vista que o modelo para o Brasil demonstra não ser suficiente para explicar os movimentos observados, não sendo compatível com a hipótese teórica de suavização do consumo ao longo do tempo, por meio de aquisição e venda de ativos no mercado financeiro internacional.
Procedimentos Metodológicos: Utilizando a metodologia proposta por Huang (2010), investiga-se se a inclusão das variáveis taxa real de juros mundial e termos de troca ao modelo básico, para o caso brasileiro entre 1970 e 2010. Ainda que os resultados sejam favoráveis à inclusão daquelas variáveis, a conta corrente teórica não se ajusta totalmente à observada, resultado possível de se deparar na literatura em torno do tema. Na tentativa de avançar neste ponto da análise, o método VAR é combinado com o QCA com o objetivo de complementar a análise para ter evidências do que poderia ter contribuído para o distanciamento entre as contas correntes observada e teórica, entre 1980-2002.
Resultados: As configurações específicas e consistentes obtidas fornecem indícios de que o distanciamento entre as contas ocorreu em cenário de maior troca, pelo setor privado, de ativos diferenciados para a produção futura.
Originalidade: A utilização do método QCA complementar à análise do modelo intertemporal da conta corrente. A despeito da defasagem temporal dos dados em estudo, a estratégia metodológica de combinação dos métodos permite obter interações específicas entre variáveis que não compõem o modelo, mas são apontadas como possíveis explicações para o resultado obtido.
The Study of Associations of ECG Changes in Lead aVR and Lead V6 with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Authors: Davinder Singh  , Puneet Rijhwani  , Sanjay Singh  , Rajeev Sharma  , Manish Pahadia  , Gurjinder Kaur  , Mohammed Shoaib  
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
The ECG (Electrocardiogram) lead aVR gives reciprocal data for the aVL, II, V5, and V6 leads. It is frequently ignored, even while reviewing complicated ECGs. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the associations of ECG changes in Lead aVR and Lead V6 with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and coronary complexity as measured by CAG (coronary angiography) in patients with the ACS.
METHODS
This was a prospective Hospital-based observational study. A sample size of 80 patients was being used and a study was done on patients admitted to Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur with ACS, for 18 months, as well as on those who met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Of 80 patients enrolled with ACS, the mean age was 60.3500 ± 14.8717 (Mean ± SD). The proportion of patients (72.5 percent) had a history of hypertension, and the prevalence of diabetes in the population was found to be significant. The mean ST elevation in lead aVR of patients was 1.4500 ± 0.6779. The mean ST depression in Lead V6 (Mean ± SD) of patients was 2.1519 ± 0.6063. The mean ST depression in corresponding leads (Mean ± SD) was 2.0375± 0.6303 in patients of ACS. In CAG, 27 (33.8 %) patients had TVD (triple vessel disease), 20 (25.0 %) had DVD (double vessel disease) and 22 (27.5 %) patients had SVD (single-vessel disease). The majority of patients, 46 (57.5 %) had angioplasty, and the distribution of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) outcomes in the overall population was determined to be significant. ECG changes in leads aVR and V6 correlate with age, lead V1, corresponding leads, troponin levels, and Timi Score (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction). There is a positive association in both leads aVR and V6, and the changes occur concurrently in terms of many parameters, indicating the necessity for additional investigation. The outcomes of our investigation were consistent with the findings of ST-T changes in lead aVR and lead V6.
CONCLUSIONS
ECG changes in leads aVR and V6 are associated with poorer prognosis in ACS. Widespread ST-segment depression and ST-segment elevation in lead aVR during episodes of chest pain may represent diffuse subendocardial ischemia caused by severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Further, when interpreting the 12-lead ECG in clinical practice, physicians should give due consideration to the tracing of lead aVR and lead V6 as it can help in identifying the patients who need more aggressive management.
Effect of Phototherapy on Biochemical Markers of Neonates with Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Manoj Kumar  , Ashok Bhandari  , Tathagata Bose  , Ashish Kumar Gupta  , Ashutosh Kumar  , Vijay Prasad  , Umesh Kumar Singh  
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND
Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the commonest clinical problems encountered in the neonatal period, especially during the first week of life which can be classified into unconjugated & conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Phototherapy plays an important role in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The study intended to evaluate changes in serum electrolyte levels in neonates undergoing phototherapy for exaggerated physiological hyperbilirubinemia.
METHODS
A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from April 2020 to March 2021 on neonates born after achieving gestational age of 28 weeks.
RESULTS
A significant incidence of hypocalcaemia was noted in neonates post phototherapy (19.2 %; P-value < 0.001). The incidence of hypocalcaemia was higher in preterm (31.7 %) than the term (8.6 %) and at low birth (41.7 %) than in normal-weight (10.6 %). It was also found to be much more when the duration of PTH was > 24 hours (28.6 %) as compared to the duration of PTH when less than 24 hours (12.2 %). No adverse events due to hypocalcaemia were noted. The incidence of hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia after phototherapy was found to be non-significant (P values 0.371 and 0.301 respectively) before and after phototherapy.
CONCLUSIONS
The study thus does not recommend any calcium supplementation over and above the prescribed guidelines recommended by AAP and NNF. However, in view of higher incidence, LBW and preterm neonates may be considered for monitoring and calcium prophylaxis on an individual basis.
Notes from the Editors, June 2022
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: June 2022

buy this issue
Time is running out for the world to carry out the social transformations necessary to avert irreversible climate catastrophe, keeping the increase in global average temperatures below 1.5°C (or below 2°C). The most optimistic scenario currently provided by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) describes a pathway in which the increase in temperature will not rise to 1.5°C until 2040, peaking at 1.6°C, and then falling back to 1.4°C by the end of this century. But to achieve this will require revolutionary scale transformational change in global social relations affecting the human relation to the climate and the planetary environment as a whole.
The Jakarta Method, Then and Now
Authors: Raymundo Sarah 
Published: June 2022

Vincent Bevins, The Jakarta Method (New York: Public Affairs, 2020), 429 pages, $28, paperback.
Increasing numbers of left-wing activists around the world are turning to Vincent Bevins's The Jakarta Method to learn more about the horrific atrocities committed by the United States against peoples' struggles for the right to self-determination in the so-called postcolonial era. In particular, the book describes how imperialist expansion destroyed revolutionary struggles in the third world.
Clinical and angiographic profile of acute myocardial infarction in young patients: A prospective 2 years study
Authors: Qadir Ajaz , Aiman Waseem  , Wani Muzaffar Maqsood , Rather Hilal Ahmad 
Published: June 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death in the world.: To study clinical and angiographic profile of AMI in young patients.: It was two years study conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Soura, Srinagar. Patients aged equal or less than 40 years, who presented with AMI were included in the study.: There were total 38 patients in our study population. Mean age of presentation was 35.79±4.83 years. There was male preponderance [34(89.47%) vs 4 (10.52%)]. Among risk factors, smoking constituted the most 32(84.21%), followed by hypertension 9(23.68%), diabetes 4(10.52%) and dyslipidemia 3(7.89%). Anterior wall MI in 18(47.36%) patients was the most common type, followed by inferior wall MI in 13(34.21%) and non-ST segment elevation MI in 7(18.42%). Thrombolysis was done in 26(68.42%), out of which it was successful in 25(96.15%) patients. Angiography was done in 35(92.10%) of patients. SVD in 23(65.71%) patients was the commonest, followed by DVD in 4(11.42%), TVD in 2(5.26%) and LM in 1(2.85%). 5(14.28%) patients had normal coronary angiography. LAD 16(45.71%) was singularly the most common vessel involved. PCI was done in 28(80%) of patients. No death occurred in our study population.: In our study population of AMI in young, males were commonly affected, smoking was the commonest risk factor. AWMI was the most common STEMI and LAD was singularly the most common vessel involved.
Prevalence of vitamin B deficiency in patients with thyroid disorders: A study from Himalayan region
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Singh Harjitpal , Yadav Rajinder Singh 
Published: June 2022

Endocrine disorders are on the rise world over. Diseases of thyroid gland are among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in the world, second only to diabetes mellitus. In India, autoimmune thyroid disorders have been estimated to be the most frequent endocrine disorders. Thyroid diseases are more prevalent in the sub Himalayan region even in post iodination phase.To assess the prevalence of auto immune thyroid disease and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with thyroid disorders in Himalayan region.Study population comprised of patients above 18 years of age, who were advised thyroid function tests by the clinicians on an outpatient basis. Patients who were critically ill were excluded from the study. Thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH) along with anti thyroperoxidase antibody (ATA) was done by chemiluminescence and vitamin B12 levels were done by chemiluminiscent enzyme immunoassay after serum separation of 120 subjects. ATA level &#62;50uIU/ml was taken as positive and Vitamin B12 deficiency was taken as a value less than 160 pg/ml. Mean age of study population was 42.48 (± 12.32) years. Forty hypothyroid and forty hyperthyroid and 40 controls were recruited. ATA positivity was reported in 52.5% (63/120) of the samples. In the present study more than 50% of cases with thyroid disorder and ATA positivity showed deficiency of vitamin B12 (hypothyroidism 63.3% hyperthyroidism, 51.8%).All patients with thyroid dysfunction should be screened for vitamin B12 status and treated accordingly.
Evaluation of the activities of some antioxidant enzymes and lipid profile in the women using contraceptives
Authors: Oluwagbenga Oyeyemi Ajibade , Jolayemi John-Mese Oluwaseun 
Published: June 2022

Contraception provides a means through which conception can be regulated by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization and implantation. Few public health interventions are as effective as family planning programs at reducing the mortality and morbidity of mothers and infants and have such a breadth of positive impacts. : This research focus on evaluation of the lipid profiles and activities of antioxidant enzymes in women using contraceptives, which are the main line of defense against free radicals. : One hundred and Eighty (180) women were recruited from Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti and divided into 6 groups based on the method of contraceptives used. Group 1 served as control (women using natural planning), Group 2 (women using oral pills), Group 3 (women using intra uterine device), Group 4 (women using implant), Group 5(women using injection) and Group 6 (women using condom). Parameters including Body mass index (BMI) and the lipid profiles (Total Cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and Triglycerides (TG) were estimated in the plasma of all the test groups. The results showed significant increase in the BMI of women using pills, IUD, Implant and Injection (p&#60;0.05). Significant decrease were observed in the Total cholesterol of Injection, IUD and Tablet users (p&#60;0.05), significant decrease were observed in HDL of women using Tablet and Implant. : There was no significant decrease in the plasma level of women with the age range of 38-48 and activity of antioxidant enzymes, a significant increase in the Body mass index of these women (p&#60;0.05) and slight increase in the weight of women using hormonal contraceptive when compared with the natural family planning method which served as the control. It can be said that lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes were implicated with the use of contraception, depending on the method used.