bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionotropic P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in the regulation of ion transport across rat colon
Authors: Ballout Jasmin , Claßen Rebecca , Richter Katrin , Grau Veronika , Diener Martin 
Published: July 2022

Background and purposeATP plays an important role as an extracellular messenger acting via different types of purinoceptors. Whereas most of the actions of ATP at intestinal epithelia are thought to be mediated by metabotropic P2Y receptors, the role of ionotropic P2X receptors remains unclear. Consequently, we investigated the role of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors on ion transport across rat colonic epithelia by using BzATP, a potent agonist at P2X7 (and weak agonist at P2X4).Experimental approachUssing chamber and Ca2+ imaging experiments were performed on rat colonic epithelia, combined with P2X receptor expression studies.Key resultsUssing chamber experiments revealed that serosal BzATP induced a neuronally mediated increase in short‐circuit current caused by Cl− secretion. In contrast, the effect of mucosal BzATP was smaller, insensitive to tetrodotoxin and Cl−‐independent. When epithelia were basolaterally depolarized to measure currents across the apical membrane, BzATP stimulated a cation current consistent with the activation of apical nonselective cation channels. Experiments with isolated colonic crypts revealed a BzATP‐induced increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Sensitivity to antagonists indicates stimulation of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors by serosal BzATP and of P2X7 receptors by mucosal BzATP. A similar pattern was observed with native ATP, which induced larger transepithelial currents in comparison to BzATP. RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed the expression of P2X4 and P2X7 receptors in the colon localized in the epithelium and in submucosal ganglia.Conclusions and implicationsEpithelial and neuronal ionotropic P2X receptors are involved in the regulation of intestinal ion transport.
Appearance satisfaction mediates the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Murray Marisa A. , Obeid Nicole , Gunnell Katie E. , Buchholz Annick , Flament Martine F. , Goldfield Gary S. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundResearch suggests there is an association between high levels of recreational screen time and depression among adolescents; however, mechanisms driving this association remain unknown. The present study examined appearance and weight satisfaction and disordered eating behaviors as mediators in the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents.MethodLongitudinal data on screen time, depressive symptoms, disordered eating behaviors, and appearance and weight satisfaction from 304 adolescents (194 females, Mage = 13.40) were analyzed through a moment structure model.ResultsResults revealed appearance dissatisfaction mediated the direct effect of recreational screen time on depressive symptoms (Estimate = 0.48, SE = .18, 95% CI [0.12, 0.84]), and that recreational screen time was significantly related to lower appearance satisfaction (Estimate = −0.06, SE = .02, 95% CI [−0.10, −0.01]), which was significantly predictive of more severe depressive symptoms (Estimate = −1.49, SE = .62, 95% CI [−2.71, −0.28]).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that modulating screen time may be an efficacious strategy to reduce appearance dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms during adolescence.
Hidden champions: Exploring supportive family relationships of youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Gallardo Kathryn R. , Narendorf Sarah C. , Markham Christine M. , Swartz Michael D. , Santa Maria Diane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe relationships that youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) have with supportive family members (i.e. those who provide them with social support) may be protective against risk behaviours and buffer adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the nature of YEH's supportive family relationships and the type of social support that these family relationships offer them. Thus, we conducted in‐depth interviews with 30 YEH to examine the type of social support received from family relationships and to explore the social dynamics of these relationships. We found that many YEH not only continued to maintain relationships with family members after becoming homeless but also received emotional and/or instrumental support from these family members. Beyond providing this type of social support, family members served as a source of motivation for these youth. Additionally, YEH contributed to their family relationships and gained a sense of connectedness in return. Lastly, we found that YEH's family support was influenced by their family circumstances and their need for autonomy. Collectively, our findings suggest there may be a need for interventions designed to strengthen relationships with supportive family members among YEH, who may derive multiple positive benefits from relating with the ‘hidden champions’ in their lives.
Establishment of unified creep–fatigue life prediction under various temperatures and investigation of failure physical mechanism for Type 304 stainless steel
Authors: Xu Le , Wang Run‐Zi , He Lei , Zhang Xian‐Cheng , Tu Shan‐Tung , Miura Hideo , Itoh Takamoto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvestigations into creep–fatigue life and the corresponding failure physical mechanism are crucial for guaranteeing the structural integrity of components. In this work, a series of strain‐controlled fatigue and creep–fatigue tests were performed at different temperatures. Then, the EBSD‐TEM combinative analysis was performed to reveal the microstructure evolution. The creep failure parameter dependence derived from standard creep experimental data and their importance in further creep–fatigue employment were discussed. Results show that strain energy density has better relevance than ductility in connecting with creep failure. The temperature‐dependent critical strain energy density and an equivalent failure strain energy density, considering geometric effect, were incorporated with the current energy‐based model, which enables creep–fatigue life scatter within a factor of 1.5. Moreover, multi‐slip activations and severe slip interactions under creep–fatigue conditions were responsible for the ultimately lifetime reductions based on microstructure observations.
Shifts in the seasonal trophic ecology of larvae and juveniles of European hake (Merluccius merluccius): From the Galician upwelling system (NW Spain)
Authors: Laiz‐Carrión Raúl , Cabrero Águeda , Quintanilla José María , Hernández Alma , Uriarte Amaya , Gago Jesús , Rodríguez José María , Piñeiro Carmen , García Alberto , Saborido‐Rey Fran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe trophic ecology of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) larvae and early‐juveniles from the Iberian shelf off Galicia (NW Spain) are assessed by means of stable isotopes (SIA) and nutritional condition in conjunction with hydrobiological variations observed during the winter and summer season of 2012. Hake early‐juveniles (18–47 mm SL) showed higher δ15N than larvae (3–11 mm SL) together with the microzooplankton (55–200 μm) and mesozooplankton (>200 μm) during both seasons. Low δ15N values and high variability in both zooplankton and hake larvae were found during winter coinciding with an unusually strong upwelling event. Inversely, high δ15N content in zooplankton in summer suggests strong nitrogen reutilization. However, hake larvae sampled in summer had a higher RNA:DNA ratio in line with higher Fulton condition factors than those sampled in winter. Higher δ13C values for microzooplankton and mesozooplankton and hake larvae in summer compared to late winter point to prey availability differences. The relationship between nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes versus size or weight suggests an ontogenetic shift in the diet of hake larvae. Early‐juveniles had a lower isotopic niche width compared to larvae in both late winter and summer, indicating a trophic specialization related to changes following settlement process from planktonic life to demersal habitat. Higher trophic specialization was observed in summer, which recorded a narrower isotopic niche and higher trophic position estimations.
Predator kairomone triggers sexual reproduction of Daphnia population via increasing population density
Authors: Zhou Qiming , Huang Jing , Gu Lei , Lyu Kai , Huang Yuan , Yang Zhou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Both predation risk and crowding can induce sexual reproduction in Daphnia, and predator kairomones can also cause population crowding. It is, however, unclear as to whether sexual reproduction is caused by kairomone per se or indirectly by kairomone‐induced crowding.

In this study, we cultured Daphnia pulex in the presence of fish kairomone, with newborn offspring being retained (increasing population density) or removed (constant population density). The relationships among fish kairomone, population density, and indicators of sexual reproduction were assessed using structural equation models.

The results showed that when offspring were retained in the population, the population density and sexual reproduction by Daphnia simultaneously increased in response to the presence of the fish kairomone, whereas sexual reproduction was not directly affected in the presence of fish kairomones alone. Conversely, when maintaining a constant population density, the number of ephippia and ratio of male to female of Daphnia increased with increasing population density, but the presence of fish kairomone did not promote sexual reproduction. Structural equation model analysis indicated that population density, rather than the fish kairomone, was the significant factor promoting sexual reproduction.

The findings of this study indicate that population density directly triggers sexual reproduction in Daphnia populations. Our observations provide new insights into environmentally induced sexual reproduction, and on this basis, we suggest that a more thorough consideration of the interactions among environmental factors in determining sexual reproduction is necessary.
Salicylic acid–methanol extraction of aluminosilicate hydrates
Authors: Sarbapalli Dipobrato , Chen Xu , Struble Leslie , Mondal Paramita 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on understanding how salicylic acid and methanol (SAM), commonly used to dissolve certain calcium silicates in portland cement, affect geopolymer gels and other sodium aluminosilicate hydrates. The technique has been used in the past to selectively dissolve hydrated calcium silicates formed through alkali activation of aluminosilicate mixtures containing calcium in the expectation that the extraction does not dissolve alkali aluminosilicate hydrates. However, the work presented here reveals that SAM solution does, in fact, dissolve aluminosilicate hydrates. Zeolite A, a three‐dimensional, low‐silica, crystalline sodium aluminosilicate hydrate, was fully dissolved upon SAM extraction, zeolite X was partially dissolved in the SAM extraction, and only zeolite Y was completely unaffected by SAM extraction. Similar behavior was observed with amorphous sodium hydroxide‐metakaolin geopolymer products—at an early age (1 day), SAM dissolved all the gel and left only unreacted metakaolin, and at a later age (7 days), SAM partially dissolved the geopolymer gel. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that dissolution requires the presence of silicon at the Q4(4Al) sites. Extraction was seen to involve some dealumination and complete removal of sodium. The mechanism of aluminosilicate dissolution in SAM appears to be acid attack followed by removal of aluminum via chelation with salicylic acid.
Psoriasis may increase the risk of lung cancer: a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Luo Q. , Chen J. , Qin L. , Luo Y. , Zhang Y. , Yang X. , Wang H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many studies have indicated that Psoriasis (PsO) could contribute to the risk of lung cancer, no study has reported a clear causal association between them. Our aim was to explore the potential causal association between PsO and the lung cancer risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) design.MethodsTo explore a causal association between the PsO and lung cancer, we used large‐scale genetic summary data from genome‐wide association study (GWAS), including PsO (n = 337 159) and lung cancer (n = 361 586), based on previous observational studies. Our main analyses were conducted by inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method with random‐effects model, with a complementary with the other two analyses: weighted median method and MR‐Egger approach.ResultsThe results of IVW methods demonstrated that genetically predicted PsO was significantly associated with higher odds of lung cancer, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.06 (95%CI, 1.01–1.12; P = 0.02). Weighted median method and MR‐Egger regression also demonstrated directionally similar results (All P < 0.05). In addition, both funnel plots and MR‐Egger intercepts indicated no directional pleiotropic effects between PsO and lung cancer.ConclusionsOur study provided potential evidence between genetically predicted PsO and lung cancer, which suggested that enhanced screening for lung cancer allows early detection of lung cancer.
Relationship between periodontal status and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and chronic periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Dongxue , Zhao Cuiling , Liu Zhiqiang , Ding Yukun , Li Wenyue , Yang Hongjia , Wang Zuomin , Li Yufeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and total serum cholesterol level in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN).BackgroundPeriodontitis is now recognized as the sixth complication of diabetes and can also affect other complications of diabetes, including nephropathy and coronary artery diseases. Studies have considered dyslipidemia as a risk factor for exacerbation of periodontitis.MethodsA total of 119 T2DN patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this observational study. Participants were stratified into the Normal (serum total cholesterol <5.17 mmol/L, n = 89) and the Dyslipidemia groups (serum total cholesterol ≥5.17 mmol/L, n = 30). Participants completed a validated questionnaire that collected information on oral hygiene behaviors and knowledge of oral health and underwent a clinical oral examination. The number of remaining teeth, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding index (BI) was recorded. Physical examination and laboratory tests (fasting plasma glucose, serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglyceride, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels) were performed.ResultsMeans of CAL and BI were significantly higher in the Dyslipidemia group compared with the Normal group. In the Dyslipidemia group, PD and percent of sites with PD ≥4 mm were positively correlated with urinary albumin/creatinine ratios; PD and percent of sites with PD ≥4 and PD ≥5 mm were positively correlated with HbA1c level; a number of remaining teeth were negatively correlated with serum LDL‐C level. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, FPG, and serum HbA1c and triglyceride levels, BI was found to be positively associated with dyslipidemia in T2DN patients with periodontitis.ConclusionT2DN patients with chronic periodontitis had a 2.355‐fold higher risk of developing dyslipidemia, implying an important relationship between periodontitis and blood lipid control among T2DN patients.
A brief nap during an acute stressor improves negative affect
Authors: Wofford Nathan , Ceballos Natalie , Elkins Gary , Westerberg Carmen E. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryOvernight sleep can reduce perceived stress, and improve associated cognitive disruptions and negative affect after an acute stressor. Whether a brief nap can also bestow these benefits in a non‐sleep‐restricted population is currently unknown. In this study that used a between‐subjects design, stress was triggered by administering a modified Trier Social Stress Test to two groups of participants (nap [n = 29], wake [n = 41]). All participants were instructed they would give a speech during the study but the topic would be withheld until later, and then completed a math task. After a 40‐min break in which participants watched a neutral video or took a nap monitored with electroencephalography, stress was reinforced by presenting the speech topics and giving participants a 10‐min preparation period. Next, instead of giving a speech, the study ended and participants were debriefed. Negative affect, perceived stress and working memory were measured at multiple time points before and after the break. Both groups showed lower perceived stress and improved working memory after the break than before, but a nap did not confer additional benefits for perceived stress or working memory beyond taking a break. However, the nap group exhibited lower negative affect after the break than the wake group, and only the nap group showed a reduction in negative affect compared with initial negative affect levels. These results indicate a nap can improve negative emotions accompanying a stressor to a greater extent than taking a break, and suggest that brief naps may be a useful way to improve mood while experiencing an acute stressor.
Assessing the quality of dry sausages using fluorescence spectroscopy, physico‐chemical, and dynamic testing rheology: A preliminary study
Authors: Sangaré Moriken , Traoré Lonseny , Chèné Christine , Karoui Romdhane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe viscoelastic and the structure properties of three brands of dry sausages (Auvergne, Beef‐poultry, and Galbanetto) were studied using dynamic rheology and fluorescence spectroscopy. The storage and the loss modulus of sausage samples showed a viscoelastic character. The principal component analysis carried out on the normalized rheological and physico‐chemical parameters allowed to differentiate the sausage samples into three groups according to their brands. This trend was confirmed by the factorial discriminant analysis where 74.44% of correct classification was obtained. The emission spectra acquired after excitation set at 290, 340, and 360 nm and excitation spectra scanned after emission set at 410 nm allowed clear differentiation between the three brand samples. The obtained results were confirmed following the application of partial least squares regression to the fluorescence and physico‐chemical parameters since an excellent prediction of moisture content was obtained from the excitation spectra set at 340 nm (R2 = 0.99) and 360 nm (R2 = 0.99). The protein content of dry sausages was well predicted after excitation set at 290 and 340 nm with R2 of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively, while the fat level was well estimated after excitation set at 340 and 360 nm and emission set at 410 nm (R2 = 0.96, 0.96 and 0.94, respectively). The obtained results showed the potential use of fluorescence spectroscopy as a rapid technique for evaluating the quality of dry sausages.
A machine learning approach to portfolio pricing and risk management for high‐dimensional problems
Authors: Fernandez‐Arjona Lucio , Filipović Damir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a general framework for portfolio risk management in discrete time, based on a replicating martingale. This martingale is learned from a finite sample in a supervised setting. Our method learns the features necessary for an effective low‐dimensional representation, overcoming the curse of dimensionality common to function approximation in high‐dimensional spaces, and applies for a wide range of model distributions. We show numerical results based on polynomial and neural network bases applied to high‐dimensional Gaussian models. In these examples, both bases offer superior results to naive Monte Carlo methods and regress‐now least‐squares Monte Carlo (LSMC).
RootPainter: deep learning segmentation of biological images with corrective annotation
Authors: Smith Abraham George , Han Eusun , Petersen Jens , Olsen Niels Alvin Faircloth , Giese Christian , Athmann Miriam , Dresbøll Dorte Bodin , Thorup‐Kristensen Kristian 
Published: July 2022

SummaryConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a powerful tool for plant image analysis, but challenges remain in making them more accessible to researchers without a machine‐learning background. We present RootPainter, an open‐source graphical user interface based software tool for the rapid training of deep neural networks for use in biological image analysis.We evaluate RootPainterby training models for root length extraction from chicory (Cichorium intybusL.) roots in soil, biopore counting, and root nodule counting. We also compare dense annotations with corrective ones that are added during the training process based on the weaknesses of the current model.Five out of six times the models trained using RootPainterwith corrective annotations created within 2 h produced measurements strongly correlating with manual measurements. Model accuracy had a significant correlation with annotation duration, indicating further improvements could be obtained with extended annotation.Our results show that a deep‐learning model can be trained to a high accuracy for the three respective datasets of varying target objects, background, and image quality with < 2 h of annotation time. They indicate that, when using RootPainter, for many datasets it is possible to annotate, train, and complete data processing within 1 d.
L’établissement thermal en Algérie aux XIXe et XXe siècles : naissance d’un tourisme de santé
Authors: Nedjar Nadia , Chergui Samia 
Published: July 2022

L’Algérie est dotée d’un remarquable patrimoine thermal, riche en sources d’eaux naturelles, qui suscite aux XIXe et XXe siècle un grand attrait auprès des populations locale et coloniale. Au regard des nouvelles réglementations européennes sur l’amélioration des services hygiéniques, l’administration coloniale entame une large campagne de recensement et de mise à niveau des thermes et bains existants. Elle entreprend aussi la réalisation de nouvelles structures thermales à proximité d’anciennes sources naturelles.
Partant du postulat que le thermalisme est d’abord une forme de tourisme, cette étude aborde le patrimoine de l’eau, considéré comme haut lieu culturel et touristique, aux vertus thérapeutiques. L’analyse systématique des sources archivistiques coloniales et leur confrontation aux investigations in situ, permet d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur l’état des établissements thermaux pendant la colonisation. Elle contribue, par ailleurs, à faire le point sur le renouveau du thermalisme sous le prisme de l’hygiénisme et du tourisme de santé.