bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate social responsibility and work–life balance provisions for employee quality of life in hospitality and tourism settings
Authors: Diamantis Dimitrios , Puhr Ruth 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis study aims to outline the rationale for the theme issue question and introduces articles written by MBA students at Les Roches Global Hospitality Education, Switzerland. The issue provides best practice examples of corporate social responsibility in hospitality settings and explores the outcomes and implications for employee quality of life.Design/methodology/approachThis study provides a descriptive review of the theme issue approach and the ways in which industry case study examples have been integrated with a review of literature to analyse the ways in which corporate social responsibility initiatives are increasingly focusing on work–life balance and quality of life considerations.FindingsDuring their analysis and case study research, the MBA group found that the provision for quality of life outcomes has been enhanced in recent years by hospitality and tourism firms, and that since the onset of the pandemic, momentum has been building. Yet, a bigger and more complex question relates to work–life balance – a critical component of quality of life outcomes – and whether it is transferable to society as a whole.Originality/valueThe aim of this theme issue is to explore the linkages between work–life balance, corporate social responsibility and the concept of circular economic thinking and how this impacts on quality of life. The authors argue that by better understanding these relationships, it is possible to contribute to the longer-term goal of sustainability and sustainable development. In part, this is because work life provisions are not only applicable at the micro level (firms) but also at the macro level (society), the latter through enhanced focus on circular economic thinking and practice.
U2AF1 mutation connects DNA damage to the alternative splicing of RAD51 in lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Chen Chuanhui , Zhou Pinglang , Zhang Zhizhe , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe recurrent mutation (S34F) in splicing factor U2AF1 is frequently observed in lung adenocarcinoma, but its function remains largely unknown. To determine the mechanistic basis and consequences of U2AF1 mutations, we established non–small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell lines with exogenous expression of wildtype (U2AF1‐WT) or mutant (U2AF1‐S34F). Splicing analysis revealed that U2AF1‐S34F mainly caused aberrant exon usage and affected splicing of numerous DNA damage repair genes. Compared to A549 cells expressing U2AF1‐WT, cells expressing U2AF1‐S34F showed enhanced DNA damage and cell death in response to ATR inhibitors (ATRi). Mechanistically, U2AF1‐S34F induced mis‐splicing and downregulation of a key homologous recombination protein RAD51. Overexpression of RAD51 could largely rescue the defective DNA damage response in cells expressing U2AF1‐S34F. Moreover, A549 cells expressing U2AF1‐S34F, but not U2AF1‐WT, were highly sensitive to treatment even with low dose of RAD51 inhibitor on ATRi‐induced DNA damage. Our results suggest that U2AF1‐S34F causes mis‐splicing of DNA damage repair factors in lung cancer and sensitizes cells to RAD51 inhibition.
The expected advantage of administering prophylactic antibiotics using target‐ concentration controlled infusion: Development of a new pharmacokinetic model of cefazolin
Authors: Kim Kyung Mi , Jung Jiwon , Lee Jong Min , Yang Hong Seuk , Bang Ji‐Yeon , Lee Eun‐Kyung , Choi Byung‐Moon , Noh Gyu‐Jeong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the utility of target‐concentration controlled infusion (TCI) as a prophylactic antibiotic administration method based on the results of a population pharmacokinetic model of cefazolin. In patients undergoing elective gastric surgery, 2 g of cefazolin was dissolved in 50 mL of saline and administered for 10 min prior to skin incision. Arterial blood samples were obtained at preset intervals to measure the total and free plasma concentrations of cefazolin. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non‐linear mixed‐effects modelling. To evaluate the effectiveness of the TCI method, stochastic simulation was performed based on the model construction results. In total, 360 total and 360 free plasma concentration measurements from 40 patients were used to characterise the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin. The changes in the total concentration of cefazolin over time were well‐explained by the three‐compartment mammillary model. Fat‐free mass and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant covariates. The probability of target attainment (PTA) to reach the target 100% fraction of time that the free plasma concentration of cefazolin was maintained above its minimal inhibitory concentration (fT > MIC) at MIC of 4 mg/L was also notably higher in the TCI method (90.7%) than in the standard method (17.0%). When cefazolin is administered by the TCI method, patient‐tailored antibiotic dosing may be possible. The potential benefits of administering prophylactic antibiotics by the TCI method were observed. Further research is warranted to confirm the effectiveness of the TCI method.
Impact of international trade, energy consumption and income on environmental degradation in Africa's OPEC member countries
Authors: Iorember Paul Terhemba , Gbaka Solomon , Jelilov Gylych , Alymkulova Nargiza , Usman Ojonugwa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe huge endowment, exploitation and trading of carbon content energy resources by the African OPEC member countries for economic expansion substantiate the fears of increasing global warming and environmental degradation. This study explores the dynamic effects of trade flows, energy consumption and per capita income on environmental degradation in seven of Africa's OPEC member countries (Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya and Nigeria), within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). By employing the bootstrap panel cointegration test and the PMG/ARDL estimation technique on panel data spanning from 1990 to 2017, the empirical results show a positive but insignificant effect of trade flows on environmental degradation. The results further show that while renewable energy dampens environmental degradation, non‐renewable energy exerts upward pressure on environmental degradation. In addition, the results provide evidence in support of a U‐shaped EKC in the long run. The study, therefore, recommends the expansion of renewable energy consumption to ensure not only environmental sustainability but also to attain the regional goal of sustainable development.
Acute intermittent hemodialysis management in childhood: A single center experience
Authors: Güngör Tülin , Kargın Çakıcı Evrim , Yazılıtaş Fatma , Karakaya Deniz , Çelikkaya Evra , Bülbül Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine the common indications of acute intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) treatment in childhood and to assess the characteristics of the procedure, complications, and prognosis.MethodsThe study included 102 patients aged between 0 and 18 years, who had been acute dialysis indication and treated with IHD.ResultsIn terms of acute kidney injury (AKI) etiology, glomerular diseases were prominent in 56% of the patients, and 8.6% of surviving patients progressed to end‐stage renal disease. Regarding the cause of AKI, having the glomerular disease was determined to be directly associated (p = 0.01) with the risk of progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) regardless of age, gender, onset time of renal replacement therapy.ConclusionGlomerular diseases were the most common in AKI etiology and were associated with the progression to CKD, independent of age, gender and the time of IHD onset in our study.
The sarcopenia index is an effective predictor for malnutrition in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Wu Ying‐Ke , Li Man , Zhang Yi‐Chao , Gao Rui‐Zhen , Su Yang , Zhou Yu , Zhao Kai‐Liang , Chen Chen , Wang Wei‐Xing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimReliable and valid predictors of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis remain scarce, especially easily accessible blood indicators. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the validity of the sarcopenia index (serum creatinine/serum cystatin C × 100) as a tool in assessing the nutritional status of patients with cirrhosis.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 109 patients with cirrhosis who were hospitalised in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from August 2020 to June 2021. Malnutrition was diagnosed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between sarcopenia index and malnutrition. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of sarcopenia index. By contrast, we evaluated the subjective global assessment and traditional nutrition‐related indicators.ResultsOf the 109 included patients, 71 (65.1%) were diagnosed with malnutrition. The sarcopenia index was significantly lower in malnourished patients (56.39 ± 15.23) compared with well‐nourished patients (74.95 ± 13.18, p < 0.001). In addition, the sarcopenia index was independently correlated with malnutrition (p < 0.001). The sarcopenia index was a good tool to predict malnutrition (area under curve = 0.833), which performed better than the subjective global assessment (area under curve = 0.782) and cholinesterase (area under curve = 0.812). A low sarcopenia index indicated longer hospital stay and higher risk of 90‐day re‐hospitalisation.ConclusionMalnutrition is highly prevalent in this population. The sarcopenia index seems to be a good predictor in nutritional assessment of patients with cirrhosis.
Effect of prior immunotherapy on the efficacy of chemotherapy in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Heraudet Luc , Delon Tara , Veillon Rémi , Vergnenègre Charlotte , Lepetit Hélène , Daste Amaury , Ravaud Alain , Zysman Maéva , Domblides Charlotte 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of the sequential combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of different chemotherapy regimens administered after ICIs in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), compared to the same regimens administered without previous ICIs.MethodsWe retrospectively included all patients treated between 2015 and 2019 for an advanced NSCLC, receiving a salvage chemotherapy just after ICI (CAI group) comparing them to ICI naive patients (CWPI group) undergoing the same chemotherapy at Bordeaux University Hospital. The primary outcome was the time to treatment discontinuation (TTD), and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR).ResultsA total of 152 patients were included, with 34/23 (CAI/CWPI) receiving paclitaxel/bevacizumab (PB), 24/11 paclitaxel (P), 27/12 gemcitabine (G) and 6/15 pemetrexed (PE). Characteristics were comparable, except for CAI treated with PB (more patients with an ECOG PS ≤1 [p <0.001]). Median number of lines received was higher in CAI for all groups. There was no difference between CAI and CWPI for TTD, OS and ORR. However, PB was associated with a nonsignificant increase in OS in the CAI group (HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.38–1.2, p = 0.17].ConclusionOur data showed no difference in TTD, OS and ORR regardless of chemotherapy, but a trend towards an increased OS with PB when given after an ICI, while patients received chemotherapy later in the CAI group. This suggests that a sequential combination of ICI followed by chemotherapy could be an interesting strategy in advanced NSCLC for selected patients.
The Relevance of Non‐Income Tax Relief*
Authors: Drake Michael S. , Hess Ryan V. , Wilde Jaron H. , Williams Braden M. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTGovernments regularly offer non‐income tax relief to attract business investment. However, it is unclear whether or how markets impound information about the relief into security prices. We use novel data from retrospective public records to examine the information content of non‐income tax relief. We predict and find that the receipt and magnitude of this relief are both strongly associated with recipients' future accounting performance and future abnormal returns. We further find that abnormal returns associated with the relief cluster around future earnings information events. In combination, this evidence suggests that non‐income tax relief is value‐relevant but is incorporated into prices over time.
Challenges of proving a causal role of somatic mutations in the aging process
Authors: Franco Irene , Revêchon Gwladys , Eriksson Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAging is accompanied by the progressive accumulation of permanent changes to the genomic sequence, termed somatic mutations. Small mutations, including single‐base substitutions and insertions/deletions, are key determinants of the malignant transformations leading to cancer, but their role as initiators of other age‐related phenotypes is controversial. Here, we present recent advances in the study of somatic mutagenesis in aging tissues and posit that the current uncertainty about its causal effects in the aging process is due to technological and methodological weaknesses. We highlight classical and novel experimental systems, including premature aging syndromes, that could be used to model the increase of somatic mutation burden and understand its functional role. It is important that studies are designed to take into account the biological context and peculiarities of each tissue and that the downstream impact of somatic mutation accumulation is measured by methods able to resolve subtle cellular changes.
Smooth tests of goodness of fit for the distributional assumption of regression models
Authors: Rayner J. C. W. , Rippon Paul , Suesse Thomas , Thas Olivier 
Published: April 2022

SummaryWe focus on regression models that consist of (i) a model for the conditional mean of the outcome and (ii) a distributional assumption about the distribution of the outcome, both conditional on the regressors. Generalised linear models form a well‐known example. The choice of the outcome distribution is often motivated by prior or background knowledge of the researcher, or it is simply chosen for convenience. We propose smooth goodness of fit tests for testing the distributional assumption in regression models. The tests arise from embedding the regression model in a smooth family of alternatives, and constructing appropriate score tests that correctly account for nuisance parameter estimation. The tests are customised, focussed and comprehensive. We present several examples to illustrate the wide applicability of our method. A small simulation study demonstrates that our tests have power to detect important deviations from the hypothesised model.
A personalist approach to business ethics: New perspectives for virtue ethics and servant leadership
Authors: Scalzo Germán , Akrivou Kleio , Fernández González Manuel Joaquín 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article has a twofold purpose: first, it explores how Leonardo Polo's personalist anthropology enriches and enhances neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics and second, it highlights how this specific personalist approach brings new perspectives to servant leadership. The recently revived neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics tradition finds that MacIntyre's scholarship significantly contributes to virtue ethics in business—particularly his conception of practices, institutions, and internal/external goods. However, we argue that some of his latest insights about the virtues of acknowledged dependence and human vulnerability remain underdeveloped because of the underlying anthropology that neo‐Aristotelian virtue ethics relies on. To overcome this limitation, we introduce Polo's transcendental anthropology as a possible foundation of a personalist approach that enriches virtue ethics. To do so, we address how transcendental anthropology can enrich two central aspects of virtue ethics, namely (1) the understanding of human beings and their flourishing and (2) the relationship of virtue to praxis and human work. Finally, to address the practical implications for business leadership and work that can derive from assuming transcendental anthropology, we address how servant leadership acquires a new perspective in light of this personalism and its logic of gift, highlighting interpersonal self‐giving as a way of service.
Microwave focal therapy of prostate cancer: a non‐clinical study and exploratory clinical trial
Authors: Boku Hidehisa , Kaneko Masatomo , Yamada Yasuhiro , Morinaga Yukiko , Konishi Eiichi , Uno Aoi , Ito‐Ihara Toshiko , Yamada Ayumu , Horiguchi Go , Teramukai Satoshi , Fujihara Atsuko , Shiraishi Takumi , Yamada Takeshi , Ueda Takashi , Matsugasumi Toru , Ohashi Munehiro , Horiuchi Daisuke , Inoue Yuta , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the safety and efficacy of microwave tissue coagulation (MTC) for prostate cancer and assess its use in lesion‐targeted focal therapy in a non‐clinical study and a clinical phase II trial.MethodsIn the non‐clinical study using Microtaze®‐AFM‐712 (Alfresa Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan) with an MTC needle, MTC was performed using a transperineal approach to targeted canine prostatic tissue under real‐time ultrasonography guidance. Using various MTC output and irradiation time combinations, the targeted and surrounding tissues (rectum, bladder and fat) were examined to confirm the extent of coagulative necrosis or potential cell death, and to compare intra‐operative ultrasonography and pathology findings. The exploratory clinical trial was conducted to examine the safety and efficacy of MTC. Five selected patients underwent transperineal MTC to clinically single lesion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐visible lesions with Gleason score 3 + 4 or 4 + 4. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), MRI and Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite questionnaire findings were compared before and 6 months after surgery.ResultsThe region of coagulative necrosis was predictable by monitoring of ultrasonically visible vaporization; thus, by placing the MTC needle at a certain distance, we were able to perform a safe procedure without adverse events affecting the surrounding organs. Based on the non‐clinical study, which used various combinations of output and irradiation time, MTC with 30‐W output for 60‐s irradiation was selected for the prostate. Based on the predictable necrosis, the therapeutic plan (where to place the MTC needle to achieve complete ablation of the target and how many sessions) was strictly determined per patient. There were no serious adverse events in any patient and only temporary urinary symptoms related to MTC therapy were observed. Furthermore, post‐treatment satisfaction was very high. All preoperative MRI‐visible lesions disappeared, and PSA decreased by 55% 6 months after surgery.ConclusionMicrowave tissue coagulation may be an option for lesion‐targeted focal therapy for prostate cancer.
Data justice and biodiversity conservation
Authors: Pritchard Rose , Sauls Laura Aileen , Oldekop Johan A. , Kiwango Wilhelm Andrew , Brockington Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIncreases in data availability coupled with enhanced computational capacities are revolutionizing conservation. But in the excitement over the opportunities afforded by new data, there has been less discussion of the justice implications of data used in conservation, that is, how people and environments are represented through data, the conservation choices made based on data, and the distribution of benefits and harms arising from these choices. We propose a framework for understanding the justice dimensions of conservation data composed of five elements: data composition, data control, data access, data processing and use, and data consequences. For each element, we suggest a set of guiding questions that conservationists could use to think through their collection and use of data and to identify potential data injustices. The need for such a framework is illustrated by a synthesis of recent critiques of global conservation prioritization analyses. These critiques demonstrate the range of ways data could serve to produce social and ecological harms due to the choice of underlying data sets, assumptions made in the analysis, oversimplification of real‐world conservation practice, and crowding out of other forms of knowledge. We conclude by arguing that there are ways to mitigate risks of conservation data injustices, through formal ethical and legal frameworks and by promoting a more inclusive and more reflexive conservation research ethos. These will help ensure that data contribute to conservation strategies that are both socially just and ecologically effective.
Vocabulary Learning During Reading: Benefits of Contextual Inferences Versus Retrieval Opportunities
Authors: van den Broek Gesa S. E. , Wesseling Eva , Huijssen Linske , Lettink Maj , van Gog Tamara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRetrieval practice of isolated words (e.g., with flashcards) enhances foreign vocabulary learning. However, vocabulary is often encountered in context. We investigated whether retrieval opportunities also enhance contextualized word learning. In two within‐subjects experiments, participants encoded 24 foreign words and then read a story to further strengthen word knowledge. The story contained eight target words in a retrieval context, which required participants to recall word meaning from memory to understand the text (e.g., “She borrowed a knyga”), and eight target words in an inference context from which meaning could be inferred (e.g., “She read a knyga” [book]). After 1 to 2 days, a posttest measured word retention. Reading the words in either the retrieval or inference context increased retention, compared to control words not included in the story. Moreover, in Experiment 1, retention was significantly higher in the inference than in the retrieval condition. In Experiment 2, in which encoding before reading was more extensive and feedback was available, no differences in retention were found between the inference and retrieval + feedback condition (both increased retention, compared to control words). Overall, the findings suggest that the benefits of retrieval may be less pronounced during incidental, contextualized learning than during intentional exercises and that retrieval success must be considered when adding retrieval opportunities to contextualized learning. Under low retrieval success, the better comprehension afforded by an informative context may outweigh the benefits of retrieval opportunities (Exp.1). Yet even when retrieval success was enhanced and feedback was added (Exp. 2), retrieval opportunities were only as beneficial as exposure to rich contextual information.