bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing 3-D climatic stability of world’s marine protected areas
Authors: Kyprioti Amalia , Doxa Aggeliki , Almpanidou Vasiliki , Mazaris Antonios D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Assessing whether marine protected areas (MPAs) will maintain stable climatic conditions over time is a major scientific challenge. Yet, such assessments often rely on sea surface temperature data, largely ignoring the vertical dimension of the ocean environment. Here, we estimated the climate space of global marine protected sites and investigated how their key spatial properties, such as surface, latitude, longitude and bathymetry, can be proxies of climatic resilience. We calculated the present and future climate space of each marine protected site by considering an n-dimensional hypervolume approach. We produced (i) 2D hypervolumes, by using only sea surface temperature data and (ii) 3D hypervolumes, by considering both surface and bottom temperature data. Our analyses projected that the vast majority of global marine sites under protection would encounter detrimental changes in their climate space, even enclosing completely novel climatic conditions by 2050. We observed that very large (over 100,000 km2), open sea marine protected sites were expected to maintain higher stability of their 2D climate space in the future, revealing potential implications for marine biodiversity largely depending on surface conditions. However, the 3D hypervolume analysis produced even more alarming results about the limited climatic stability patterns within marine protected sites and the reduction of their climate space within the following decades. Our study underlines that climate smart conservation planning is a necessity towards filling ocean conservation gaps over space and time.
Stable Alert Decision Method and Machine Learning based P-Wave Detection for On-Site Earthquake Early Warning
Authors: Park Euna , Ahn Jae-Kwang , Hwang Eui-Hong , Seo Jeongbeom 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Proactively responding to earthquakes is challenging. Researchers have developed methods to reduce structural damage from earthquakes. The Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) service is more effective than seismic design at reducing human casualties. We developed an on-site EEW that can provide alerts faster than the network-based EEW. However, on-site EEW is not used as a public service due to the low alarm accuracy of the existing on-site alarm. Therefore, we applied both methods to improve the alarming accuracy of on-site EEW. First, the developed system increased the accuracy of the identification rate for the initial P-wave using deep learning. Second, the method utilizing a nearby seismometer was added to improve the accuracy of the alarm. We conducted an on-site EEW trial operation and checked the performance from 2020.10.08 to 2022.03.31. We reviewed the warning cases for small and large events during the trial and confirmed the possibility of automated alert decisions.
Selection of the best operational amplifier based on the statistics of the complex moments
Authors: Nigmatullin R. R. , Agarwal P. , Sagdiev R. K. , Alexandrov V. S. , Momani S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the possibility of applying the fractional moments (FM) method in selection of the best operational amplifier (OA) among the available ones is considered. This method can be defined as the statistical method because is based on analysis and quantitative “reading” of the measured “noise”/random fluctuations with the help of the statistics of the fractional/complex moments. The justified selection of the “best” OA among available ones is based on the evaluation of twelve key correlation parameters that are derived in the fractional/complex moments (FM/CM) space. It was shown when evaluating the output parameters of the available OAs, this method has a high sensitivity and it is not subjected to uncontrolled errors. The proposed method of the complex moments (CM) is free from model and treatment errors and, therefore, has a high reliability in comparison with the conventional methods. The methodology of its application can be found in the Mathematical Appendix. It is rather general and can be used for a wide set of data; it is simple in “extraction” of additional information from different random functions in the space of the complex moments (CM), including trendless sequences, especially.
3D printing from micro-CT images of the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle and its future applications
Authors: Kang Hyunkyoo , Kim Guk Bae , Lim Minje , Lee Wonhee , Song Wu-Chul , Shin Kang-Jae , Shin Hyun Jin , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the detailed microstructure modeling of
the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle (SOM) using
micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and to model a potential
prototype for a trochlea implant using three-dimensional (3D)
printing.

Methods: We dissected 15 intact orbits of 15 embalmed cadavers.
The trochleae of the SOM were detached from the periosteum. The
specimens were stained by immersion in a 15% Lugol’s solution.
Images were reconstructed using conventional scanner software.
Measurement points were determined for the middle cross section.
Points P1 and P2 were selected where the SOM adjoined the curvature
of the inner trochlea. They defined the inner contact points of the
SOM in the inner part of the trochlea curvature. On the back of the
trochlea, points P3 and P4 were selected at the uppermost and
lowest points in the inner parts of the straight trochlea,
respectively. Origin O was defined on the arcuate line of P1P2 to
generate the smallest-diameter circle consisting of P1, O, and P2.
We then measured the angle from OP1 to OP2, and from OP3 to OP4. We
also measured the distances OP1, OP2, OP3, and OP4 for the design
of a potential trochlea implant prototype using 3D-printing and
micro-CT-based modeling.

Results: The distances OP1, OP2, OP3, and OP4 were 2.2±0.7,
1.4±0.5, 2.7±0.9, and 2.5±0.4 mm (mean±SD), respectively. The
angles from OP1 to OP2, from OP2 to OP4 and from OP3 to OP4 were
100.7±14.4, 66.3±18.0, and 98.9±24.9 degrees, respectively.

Conclusions: High-resolution CT is a powerful imaging technique
for defining the true 3D geometry of a specimen and can potentially
be used to create a 3D-printed trochlea implant.
Effects of gut microbiota and gut-derived lipopolysaccharide on patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Liu Yanqi , Sheng Xiaodong , Wang Zhiqiang , Zheng Guanqun Zheng , Chen Zhixian , Jin Xiaoqi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: To research the associations between gut microbiota composition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and atherosclerosis in process of coronary heart disease（CHD）
Methods: We enrolled 50 patients who had been given a traditional coronary angiography diagnosis of coronary heart disease in the CHD group, and 50 matching patients who had CHD excluded in the control group. The CHD patients were further classified into three groups based on their Gensini scores, which were determined using the modified scoring schema: a mild CHD group (26 scores, N=16), a moderate CHD group (26-54 scores, N=23), and a severe CHD group (>54 scores, N=11). The DNA of the gut microbiota was then extracted from their excrement. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to compare the differences in the bacteria between the two groups. BugBase and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) were used to predict the functional composition of the bacteria. In addition, The level of plasma LPS and serum proinflammatory cytokines in the two groups was measured.
Results: Plasma LPS and serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CHD and significantly different among mild CHDgroup, moderate CHDgroup, and severe CHDgroup(all P＜0.05). There was no difference in the diversity of gut microbiota among the two groups (P＞0.05). At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes were more numerous in the control group. At the genus level, Enterococcus, Butyrivibrio, Dolosigranulum, Pseudomonas, and Anaerotignum were more numerous in the CHD group whereas Enterobacter, Parabacteriodes, Lachnoclostridium, Streptococcus were more numerous in the control group. PICRUSt analysis found that the level of LPS choline phosphotransferase (licD) gene expression and LPS biosynthesis correlated with LPS production was higher in the fecal microbiome of the CHD group(P＜0.05).
Conclusion: The gut microbiota and LPS play a vital role in the development of atherosclerosis through its metabolites, which were anticipated to develop into a CHD diagnostic marker and unique treatment approach.
Implementation of a constitutive model for anisotropic rocks based on modified Lade failure criterion
Authors: Liu Xiaotian , Deng Yansheng , Zou Baoping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The strength anisotropy for inherent anisotropic rocks presents a challenge to simulate considering the influence of intermediate principal stress. Based on the modified Lade failure criterion, a new anisotropic modified Lade criterion combining an empirical equation is established and verified using published experimental datasets of anisotropic rocks. The incremental constitutive model for anisotropic rocks is derived by using finite difference theory. The dynamic link library (DLL) module of the model is obtained by using the VC + + program, and then the model is validated against various laboratory test results. It is concluded that the proposed criterion and derived model can describe the strength anisotropy of inherent anisotropic rocks well.
A rotating white dwarf with two faces
Authors: Caiazzo Ilaria , Burdge Kevin , Ferrario Lilia , Fuller Jim , Gänsicke Boris , Hermes JJ , Heyl Jeremy , Kawka Adela , Kulkarni Shri , Marsh Thomas , Mroz Przemyslaw , Prince Thomas , Richer Harvey , Rodriguez Antonio , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Roestel Jan van , Vanderbosch Zachary , Vennes Stephane , Wickramasinghe Dayal , Dhillon Vikram , Munday James , Littlefair Stuart , Bellm Eric , Breedt Elme , Brown Alex , Dekany Richard , Drake Andrew , Dyer Martin , Graham Matthew , Green Matthew , Laher Russ , Kerry Paul , Parsons Steven , Pelisoli Ingrid , Riddle Reed , Rusholme Benjamin , Sahman Dave 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
White dwarfs, the extremely dense remnants left behind by most stars after their death, are characterised by a mass comparable to that of the Sun compressed into the size of an Earth-like planet. In the resulting strong gravity, heavy elements sink toward the centre, and the upper layer of the atmosphere contains only the lightest element present, usually hydrogen, or, if the hydrogen content is low, helium. Helium-atmosphere white dwarfs account for about 20% of all white dwarfs; however, several mechanisms can compete with gravitational settling to change their surface composition as they cool, and the fraction of white dwarfs with helium atmospheres is not constant at all temperatures. This fraction is known to increase by a factor ~2.5 below a temperature of about 30,000 K; therefore, some white dwarfs that appear to have a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere above that temperature are bound to transition to a helium-dominated atmosphere as they cool below it. Here we report observations of ZTF J203349.8+322901.1, or ``Janus'', a white dwarf with two faces: one side of its atmosphere is dominated by hydrogen and the other one by helium. The peculiar double-faced nature of Janus is most likely caused by a small magnetic field, which creates an inhomogeneity in temperature, pressure, or mixing strength over the surface. We appear to have caught a white dwarf as it is undergoing the transition from a hydrogen-dominated to a helium-dominated atmosphere. If this is the case, Janus might be the most extreme member of a class of magnetic transitioning white dwarfs and could help shed light on the physical mechanisms behind white dwarf spectral evolution.
Modular artificial tactile receptors based on mechanical field sensing
Authors: Peng Zhengchun , Shang Chao , Xu Qunhui , Liang Nengmin , Zhang Jianpeng , Li Lu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tactile sensing has been a key challenge in robotic haptics. Due to the diversity of tactile signals, traditional approach to making electronic skin has been facing a dilemma between complex structures and multimodal perception with high resolution. Inspired by how human skin sense the mechanical field with layered structure and distributed mechanoreceptors, we herein propose a novel design for modular multi-parameter perception electronic skin. With the mechanical filed sensing concept, complex tactile signals can be transformed into field information. By analyzing the mechanical field, the real-time three-dimensional forces can be resolved with 1.8° polar angle resolution and 3.5° azimuthal angle resolution (achieved up to 71 folds of improvement in spatial resolution), we can also detect the hardness of object in contact with the electronic skin. Moreover, we demonstrate random assembly of the sensing arrays and integration of our electronic skin onto differently curved surfaces do not lead to any measurement variation of the mechanical field. This result reveals that the sensing elements in our electronic skin system can be modularly made and exchanged for specific applications. Thus, this new approach has the potential to satisfy a wide variety of tactile sensing needs.
A fatal case of monkeypox virus infection from Kerala India 2022
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Vasu Meenakshy , Abubaker Fazil , Sahay Rima R. , Reghukumar Aravind , Krishnan Anukumar Bala , Prabha Kavya , Papu Asha Konipparambil , Gopalakrishnan Lakshmi Geetha , Mundangalam Nizamuddin , Siddiq Aboobaker , Patil Deepak Y. , Shete Anita M. , Abraham Priya , Prasad Anoop Rajendra , TK Anoop , Karunakaran Kavya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Monkeypox deaths have been rarely reported across the globe. A total of 15 fatalities have been reported globally from endemic and non-endemic countries in 2022. The current outbreak of Monkeypox had been largely limited to the community of men who have sex with men primarily with multiple bisexual or homosexual partners. The vast majority of the cases infected with Monkeypox had recovered and the complications like sepsis and encephalitis had been reported in the immunocompromised individuals. The mortality in Brazil and Mexico were primarily in the immunocompromised individuals, while in Spain the fatal cases were immunocompetent with no underlying conditions. To date, India had recorded 11 cases of Monkeypox infection from Kerala (n = 5) and New Delhi (n = 6). Here we report the first fatal case of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection imported from UAE to Kerala, India in July 2022. A 22-year-old apparently immunocompetent male with no significant past medical history was admitted in an unconscious state to a private hospital in Kerala following a single episode of acute onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The clinical features, MRI findings, CSF picture, and EEG findings of this case suggest encephalitis. Only the case's oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs (OPS/NPS) were found to be positive for MPXV. The next generation sequencing on OPS/NPS specimen could retrieve 92.76% of the MPXV genome and belonged to A.2 lineage of clade IIb as observed in the other confirmed Monkeypox cases from India.
Does Trypanosoma cruzi modify the antennal phenotype of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)?
Authors: J. May-Concha Irving , J. Escalante-Talavera Maryrose , Jean-Pierre. Dujardin , Etienne. Waleckx 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Triatoma dimidiata is a vector of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Phenotypic plasticity allows an organism to adjust its phenotype in response to stimuli or environmental conditions. Understanding the effect of T. cruzi on the phenotypic plasticity of its vectors, known as triatomines, has attracted great interest because of the implications of the parasite-triatomine interactions in the eco-epidemiology and transmission of the parasite. We investigated if the infection of the vector with T. cruzi may be associated with a change in the antennal phenotype of sylvatic, domestic, and laboratory-reared populations of T. dimidiata.
Methods: The abundance of each type of sensillum (bristles, basiconic, thick- and thin-walled trichoid) on the antennae of T. cruzi-infected and non-infected T. dimidiatareared in the laboratory or collected in sylvatic and domestic ecotopes were measured under light microscopy and compared using Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric tests and Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance.
Results: We found significant differences between sensilla patterns of infected and non-infected insects within sylvatic and domestic populations. Conversely, we found no significant differences between sensilla patterns of infected and non-infected insects within the laboratory-reared population. Besides, for sylvatic and domestic populations, sexual dimorphism tended to be increased in infected insects.
Conclusion: The differences observed in infected insects could be linked to higher efficiency in the perception of odor molecules related to the search for distant mates and hosts and the flight dispersal in search of new habitats. In addition, these insects could have a positive effect on population dynamics and the transmission of T. cruzi.
Application of privacy protection technology to healthcare big data
Authors: Shin Hyunah , Ryu Kyeonmin , Kim Jong-Yeup , Lee Suehyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the emergence of the 4th industrial revolution, demand for technologies that process and analyze big data in the healthcare has increased. As research is actively conducted, problems related to the protection of personal information included in healthcare data are being raised. We investigated privacy protection technology and their limitations applied to healthcare big data over the last decade to find solutions to these problems. For 4 technologies, blockchain, federated learning, differential privacy, and homomorphic encryption, we reviewed 10 studies each and summarized the used data, key findings, and limitations. It is necessary to establish a research environment that can utilize healthcare data, including sensitive personal and medical information of patients, more safely and widely by grasping the cases and current status of privacy protection technology. We aim to provide opinions on future research directions and insights of privacy protection technology to relevant researchers through this study.
Intense vortical-field generation using coherent superposition of multiple vortex beams
Authors: Guo Xinju , Zhang Xiaomei , Xu Dirui , Chen Weixin , Guo Yi , Lan Ke , Shen Baifei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Coherent beam combining technology applied to multiple vortex beams is a promising method to generate high-power vortex beams. We utilize the coherent combination of multiple Laguerre–Gaussian beams at the waist plane and propose theoretically a practical generation system for a high-power beam carrying orbital angular momentum by considering oblique incidence. The results demonstrate that the orbital angular momentum distribution of the combined field is similar to that of a single Laguerre–Gaussian beam within the Rayleigh length. Moreover, the combined field has relativistic intensity local spots that exhibit stable spatial propagation. The proposed system may potentially be applied to intense vortical fields, large scale nuclear fusion device, such as suppressing stimulated Raman scattering and filamentation when a laser beam propagates in plasma.
Static Balance in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Arcila Diana Maria Cubillos , Martins Valéria Feijó , Zanardi Ana Paula Janner , Machado Gustavo Dariva , Burguêz Daniela , Gomeñuka Natalia Andrea , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre , Saute Jonas Alex Morales 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Motor and somatosensory pathways dysfunction due to degeneration of long tracts in hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) indicates that postural abnormalities may be a relevant disease feature. However, balance assessments have been underutilized to study these conditions.
Research question: how does the static balance of individuals with HSP with eyes open and closed differ from healthy controls, and how does it relate to disease severity?
Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study assessed the static balance of 17 subjects with genetically confirmed HSP and 17 healthy individuals, evaluating the center of pressure (COP) variables captured by a force platform. The Root-mean-square of velocities and mean of displacements amplitudes in mediolateral and anteroposterior axes were correlated with disease severity.
Results: All COP parameters performances were significantly impaired in HSP subjects compared to controls (p<0.001 for all comparisons). COP with eyes open and closed differed for all variables within the HSP-group, whereas in the control-group, differences were observed only for anteroposterior velocity and amplitude. Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) presented moderate direct correlations with the most COP variables (Rho=-0.520 to - 0.736).
Significance: HSP individuals presented significant postural instability with eyes open and to a greater extent with eyes closed, corroborating the clinical findings of somatosensorial and proprioceptive pathways dysfunction. The degrees of proprioceptive and motor impairments are mutually correlated, suggesting that similar pathophysiological mechanisms operate for the degeneration of these long tracts. COP parameters can be seen as disease severity biomarkers of HSP, and they should be assessed in future clinical trials.
Accelerated Non-standard Numerical Methodfor Two-Parameter Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Problems with Robin Boundary Condition
Authors: Gelu Fasika Wondimu , Duressa Gemechis File 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study devised a robust second-order numerical scheme tosolve two-parameter singularly perturbed parabolic problems with Robin boundary condition. On uniform meshes, the problem is discretized using the implicit Euler method in the time directionand the non-standard finite difference method in the space direction. Also, Robin boundary condition is discretized using the concept of the non-standard finite difference method. The first-order ε-uniform convergence is investigated in both time and space. Applying the Richardson extrapolation technique, the accuracy and convergence rate of the present method have improved from first-orderto second-order. Both theoretical findings and numerical results areagreed upon based on computations of two numerical examples.