bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Protective Effects of Osteocyte‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Against Alzheimer's Disease Diminished with Aging
Authors: Jiang Ya‐Ling , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Liu Xi‐Xi , Wan Mei‐Dan , Liu Yi‐Wei , Jiao Bin , Liao Xin‐Xin , Luo Zhong‐Wei , Wang Yi‐Yi , Hong Chun‐Gu , Tan Yi‐Juan , Weng Ling , Zhou Ya‐Fang , Rao Shan‐Shan , Cao Jia , Liu Zheng‐Zhao , Wan Teng‐Fei , Zhu Yuan , Xie Hui , Shen Lu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBoth Alzheimer's disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are common age‐associated degenerative diseases and are strongly correlated with clinical epidemiology. However, there is a lack of clear pathological relationship between the brain and bone in the current understanding. Here, it is found that young osteocyte, the most abundant cells in bone, secretes extracellular vesicles (OCYYoung‐EVs) to ameliorate cognitive impairment and the pathogenesis of AD in APP/PS1 mice and model cells. These benefits of OCYYoung‐EVs are diminished in aged osteocyte‐derived EVs (OCYAged‐EVs). Based on the self‐constructed OCY‐EVs tracer transgenic mouse models and the in vivo fluorescent imaging system, OCY‐EVs have been observed to be transported to the brain under physiological and pathological conditions. In the hippocampal administration of Aβ40 induced young AD model mice, the intramedullary injection of Rab27a‐shRNA adenovirus inhibits OCYYoung‐EVs secretion from bone and aggravates cognitive impairment. Proteomic quantitative analysis reveals that OCYYoung‐EVs, compared to OCYAged‐EVs, enrich multiple protective factors of AD pathway. The study uncovers the role of OCY‐EV as a regulator of brain health, suggesting a novel mechanism in bone‐brain communication.
Keeping up with the literature: A current practice survey and qualitative needs assessment among emergency physicians
Authors: Colmers‐Gray Isabelle N. , Solis Aguilar Leandro , Gauri Aliyah , Ha David J. , Stauffer Brandy A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposePhysicians face the challenge of staying current with a rapidly growing body of evidence and applying it to their practice. How emergency physicians (EPs) do so is unknown. The authors sought to describe and assess needs around EP patterns of evidence‐based medicine (EBM) and continuing medical education (CME) resource use.MethodsThe authors conducted a multicenter, cross‐sectional study in 2019 across 12 tertiary care, community, and suburban emergency department (ED) sites in the greater area of Edmonton. Information on EBM/CME resource use along with barriers and facilitators to staying current was gathered using a rigorously developed survey tool, distributed electronically and by mail. Responses were tabulated and subgroups analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA tests. Thematic analysis of comments used a phenomenological lens.ResultsA total of 118 EPs (40.1%) completed the survey. Listening to podcasts, attending EM conferences, and subscription‐based resources were preferred for staying current. Resource use differed by years in practice but not by age, sex, training background, or site type. EBM had an important impact on respondents’ practice (average rating 3.8 out of 5, with 5 indicating “practice changing”). Time was an important barrier. Most (62.7%) felt that they did not spend enough time, despite spending a median of 4 to 5 h monthly on EBM. Facilitators (including journal club summaries or lists of practice‐relevant papers) had only moderate impacts. Thematic analysis found three themes (importance of EBM, implementation challenges, and dissemination of EBM) and 13 subthemes.ConclusionEPs preferentially chose podcasts, conferences, and subscription‐based resources to stay current with EBM; time was the biggest barrier. These findings help ED leads and educators tailor CME to physician learning preferences to maximize application of EBM to clinical practice. The next steps include developing/curating resources and disseminating the survey on a larger scale to identify opportunities for shared virtual resources.
Through‐the‐esophageal‐stent diagnostics and intervention of pancreaticolithiasis complicated by high‐grade esophageal stricture
Authors: Zimmer Vincent 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLuminal strictures along the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) route to the papilla to allow for biliopancreatic endoscopy may be encountered in individual patients, precluding scope advancement. Stent implantation to allow for scope passage followed by successful through‐the‐scope ERCP has rarely been reported in such setting, however, to the best of our knowledge neither in terms of pancreatic indications and/or as same‐session endoscopic ultrasound‐ERCP, which is pioneered in this report.
Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm as a fatal complication of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tseng Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Chuen‐Huei , Lee Chun‐Yang , Chiu Nai‐Chi , Su Chien‐Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSplenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of acute pancreatitis. We present a 67‐year‐old female with ruptured SAP as a complication of acute pancreatitis. The patient had mild clinical symptoms on admission, thus was difficult to identify for severe complications. However, she had experienced two episodes of hypovolemic shock on the 10th day after admission. Abdominal computer tomography scan and angiography revealed evidence of splenic artery injury possibly due to acute pancreatitis. The patient underwent transcatheter embolization of splenic artery and total spleen. However, she was still hemodynamically unstable and eventually expired due to severe sepsis. This case raised our clinical awareness of SAP as a rare but life‐threatening complication of acute pancreatitis even in patients with short clinical courses and initially mild symptoms. SAP should be kept in mind during image study or in hemodynamically unstable cases of acute pancreatitis.
Quantifizierung biokatalytischer Umwandlungen durch einzelne mikrobielle Zellen mittels maßgeschneiderter Integration von Tröpfchenmikrofluidik und Massenspektrometrie
Authors: Wink Konstantin , van der Loh Marie , Hartner Nora , Polack Matthias , Dusny Christian , Schmid Andreas , Belder Detlev 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDie Verbesserung der Effizienz von chemischen Umwandlungen, die durch mikrobielle Biokatalysatoren katalysiert werden, erfordert ein tiefes Verständnis von zellulären Prozessen. Während die Heterogenität zellulärer Merkmale, wie die Konzentration des reichlich vorhandenen Zellinhalts, gut untersucht ist, ist wenig über die Reaktivität einzelner Zellen und ihre Auswirkung auf die chemische Identität, Menge und Reinheit der sekretierten Produkte bekannt. Biokatalytische Umwandlungen wurden chemisch spezifisch und quantifizierbar auf der Einzelzellebene durch die Integration von Tröpfchenmikrofluidik, Zellbildgebung und Massenspektrometrie überwacht. Die Produktbildungsraten für einzelne Saccharomyces cerevisiae‐Zellen wurden durch i) Inkubation von nanolitergroßen Tröpfchen zur Produktakkumulation in Mikrofluidik‐Plattformen, ii) eine Bildgebungseinheit zur Bestimmung der Zellanzahl in den Tröpfchen und iii) Elektrospray‐Ionisations‐Massenspektrometrie zur Messung des chemischen Inhalts einzelner Tröpfchen ermittelt. Diese Erkenntnisse ermöglichen nun die Untersuchung der Biokatalyse ganzer Zellen bei einer Einzelzellauflösung.
Association of peripheral manifestation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor with depression: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tiwari Sagun , Qi Lili , Wong John , Han Zhenxiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and depression is a hot topic in research as several results of preclinical and clinical studies have shown controversial results. Our meta‐analysis aims to evaluate and update the current status of peripheral BDNF with depression.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis by comprehensively searching PubMed and Web of Science for English‐language literature from inception to 1st of June 2020. The search terms included brain‐derived neurotrophic factor or BDNF in combination with depression, without year restriction. Using STATA software, data were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsIn our literature search, 24 studies involving 1130 depressed patients and 1378 healthy individuals met our inclusion criteria. The results of our meta‐analysis showed that the peripheral levels of BDNF levels significantly decreased in depression than nondepressed healthy controls (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI = −1.41, −0.38, p < .0001); however, the significant heterogeneity among studies (Q = 740.91, I2 = 96.8; p < .001) was discovered. Trim‐and‐fill estimations for the adjustment of publication bias indicated that publication bias had no impact on our results. Our sub‐group analysis showed that a history of depression and alcohol consumption had an effect on the level of BDNF. In addition, age and gender did not affect the heterogeneity of BDNF in the meta‐analysis.ConclusionsAlthough decreased peripheral expression of BDNF certainly presents a risk of depression, we cannot find a definite relationship between the peripheral level of BDNF with depression to use BDNF as a reliable biomarker to assess the depression in clinical practice. We propose that future research should consider all the factors affecting BDNF and assess the level of proBDNF and mBDNF separately while evaluating the patients with depression objectively.
Contact patterns and costs of multiple sclerosis in the Swedish healthcare system—A population‐based quantitative study
Authors: Lind Jonas , Persson Sofia , Vincent Jonatan , Lindenfalk Bertil , Oliver Brant J. , Smith Andrew D. , Andersson Gäre Boel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of disease for persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and society is changing due to new treatments. Knowledge about the total need for care is necessary in relation to changing needs and new service models.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the contact patterns for MS patients, calculate costs in health care, and create meaningful subgroups to analyze contact patterns.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with MS at Ryhov Hospital were included. All contacts in the region from January 1, 2018, until September 30, 2019, were retrieved from the hospital administrative system. Data about age, sex, contacts, and diagnosis were registered. The cost was calculated using case costing, and costs for prescriptions were calculated from medical files.ResultsDuring the 21‐month period, patients (n = 305) had 9628 contacts and 7471 physical visits, with a total cost of $7,766,109. Seventeen percent of the patients accounted for 48% of the visits. The median annual cost was $7386 in the group with 10 or fewer visits, compared to $22,491 in patients with more than 50 visits.ConclusionThere are considerable differences in the utilization of care and cost between patients with MS in an unselected population, meaning that the care needs to be better customized to each patient's demands.
A novel oncolytic virus induces a regional cytokine storm and safely eliminates malignant ascites of colon cancer
Authors: Dong Shuang , Liu Binlei , Hu Sheng , Guo Fang , Zhong Yi , Cai Qian , Zhang Siqi , Qian Yu , Wang Jun , Zhou Fuxiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven malignant ascites with a terrible prognosis and a unique immune microenvironment, our purpose is to evaluate whether oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2(OH2) is able to safely eliminate ascites of colon cancer and through which specific mechanism it exerts antitumor immunity.MethodsWe established an ascites mice model through intraperitoneal injection of CT26 cells and obtained an appropriate dose range for in vivo tests. Efficacy and safety of OH2 were detected by weight of ascites, blood routine analysis, histopathological examination, and the survival time of mice. The specific mechanism underlying antitumor immunity was analyzed by cytometric bead array, flow cytometry, and single‐cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, anti‐interleukin (IL)‐6R antibody tocilizumab was synchronously or sequentially delivered with OH2 to explore the role of the regional cytokine storm, mainly IL‐6 hypersecretion.ResultsOH2 was able to eliminate ascites and significantly prolong the survival of mice‐bearing CT26 tumor cells by intraperitoneal injection, without obvious systemic damage to the main organs even though a regional cytokine storm. Hypersecretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL‐6, and increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed in ascites mice treated by OH2, compared with those treated by 5‐fluorouracil or nonresponders. Furthermore, the initial‐stage blocking of the IL‐6 pathway was able to considerably suppress antitumor immune responses driven by OH2. Surprisingly, we discovered upregulations of the immune checkpoint genes such as Cd274 and Pdcd1 by single‐cell RNA sequencing.ConclusionsOH2 could safely eliminate malignant ascites of colon cancer and convert the cold immune microenvironment by inducing a remarkably regional cytokine storm in ascites, mainly IL‐6, in the early stage of antitumor immune responses beyond directed oncolytic virotherapy.
Clinical outcomes and patterns of population‐based management of urachal carcinoma of the bladder: An analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Dursun Furkan , Lim Kelvin , Svatek Robert S. , Xu Jiaqiong , El‐Zaatari Ziad M. , Wenker Evan P. , Klaassen Zachary W. , Mansour Ahmed M. , Muhammad Taliah , Efstathiou Eleni , Sonpavde Guru P. , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Satkunasivam Raj 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven the low incidence of urachal carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), there is limited published data from contemporary population‐based cohorts. This study aimed to describe demographic, clinicopathological features, and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with UCB.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (2004–2016) was queried for UCB patients. Descriptive analyses characterized demographics and clinicopathologic features. We assessed 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates of the entire cohort and subgroups of localized/locally advanced and metastatic disease. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between covariates of interest and all‐cause mortality and to examine the impact of surgical technique and chemotherapy.ResultsWe identified 841 patients with UCB. The most common histologic subtype was non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma (39.6%). Approximately 50% had ≥cT2 disease, and 14.3% were metastatic at diagnosis. Altogether, partial cystectomy (60%) was most performed, and lymph node dissection was performed in 377 patients (44.8%), with specific temporal increase in utilization over the study period (p < 0.001). Overall, median OS was 59 months, and 5‐year OS was 49%. In patients with localized/locally advanced disease, we found no association between partial and radical cystectomy (Hazards ratio [HR] 1.75; 95% CI 0.72–4.3) as well as receipt of perioperative chemotherapy (HR 1.97, 95% CI 0.79–4.90) and outcomes. Lastly, receipt of systemic therapy was not associated with survival benefit (HR 0.785, 95% CI 0.37–1.65) in metastatic disease cohort.ConclusionThis large population‐based cohort provides insight into the surgical management and systemic therapy, without clear evidence on the association of chemotherapy and survival in the perioperative and metastatic setting.
Isopentenylated Bibenzyls and Phenolic Compounds from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Jia‐Qian , Zhan Rui , Chen Ye‐Gao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo new isopentenyl bibenzyls, denchrysotonols A and B (1–2), along with 26 known phenolic compounds, were isolated from the stems of cultivated Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Their chemical structures were clearly elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Biological evaluation of isolated compounds revealed that phenanthrenes (14, 16–17, 20, and 22) and fluorenone 25 exhibited anti‐inflammatory activities which inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages with the IC50 values ranging from 9.4 to 32.5 μM. Moreover, bibenzyls (1–2 and 7) showed good anti‐proliferative activities against triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (HCC1806, MDA‐MB‐231, and MB‐MB‐468) with the IC50 values ranging from 8.1 to 18.6 μM, of which 1 and 2 seemed preferentially inhibit MDA‐MB‐231 cells.
Hyoscine butylbromide induced psychosis: A case report
Authors: Lageju Nimesh , Neupane Durga , Jaiswal Lokesh Shekher , Phuyal Upama 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHyoscine butylbromide–induced pyschosis, though rare, should be considered in a child presenting with deteriorating cognitive functions and psychotic features acutely as evident in our case of a 9‐year‐old child taking hyoscine for her non‐specific abdominal pain.
Visceral leishmaniasis in non‐endemic rural hilly region of Nepal: A case report
Authors: Belbase Kapil , Shah Sangam , Dahal Krishna , Tiwari Sansar Babu , Neupane Santosh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form of leishmaniasis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani or L. infantum, transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand fly. Visceral leishmaniasis is a disease of lowlands and uncommon in highlands. We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis in 13‐year‐old female patient from a village of Arghakhanchi situated at an altitude of 1200 m.
No child should suffer from vitamin K deficiency‐induced bleeding disorders
Authors: Miyahara Masazumi , Osaki Kyoko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe encountered an 11‐day‐old male neonate with vitamin K deficiency‐induced intracranial hemorrhage, despite receiving oral vitamin K2 (menaquinone‐4) prophylaxis according to Japanese guidelines. This case suggests that the current vitamin K deficiency‐bleeding prophylaxis programs cannot prevent bleeding completely. Better prophylaxis programs using both intramuscular and oral administration should be considered.
Effect of Mn Doped Ni−Co Mixed Oxide Catalysts on Urea Oxidation
Authors: Santhosh Shilpa , Teller Hanan , Schechter Alex , Kalarikkal Nandakumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUrea as an energy generation and storage fuel has attracted increased attention for its stability, non‐toxicity, and availability. Urea possesses 10.1 wt.% of hydrogen. Nevertheless, its electrochemical oxidation is generally sluggish and inefficient. Ni‐based catalysts which showed efficient activity towards urea electrooxidation in the alkaline medium were studied for Direct Urea Fuel Cell (DUFC) anodes. In the present study, we investigated urea oxidation on a novel three‐dimensional mixed oxide catalyst, NiCo2O4. Mn‐doped NiCo2O4catalyst exhibited urea oxidation activity of 45.88 mA cm−2(at 1.30 V vs SHE), fifteen times higher than NiO and Co3O4and twice that of bare NiCo2O4spinel. Chronoamperometry curves of the Mn‐doped NiCo2O4catalyst demonstrated stable urea oxidation for over 3 hours. The significantly higher mass activity of Mn‐doped NiCo2O4catalyst is attributed to the least nano‐crystallite size, better dispersion of Ni nuclei onto the spinel crystal matrix, enhanced Ni electrochemical active surface area, and lower bandgap.
Neutron Diffraction Study of Indole Solvation in Deep Eutectic Systems of Choline Chloride, Malic Acid, and Water
Authors: Hammond Oliver S. , Atri Ria , Bowron Daniel T. , Edler Karen J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDeep eutectic systems are currently under intense investigation to replace traditional organic solvents in a range of syntheses. Here, indole in choline chloride‐malic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) was studied as a function of water content, to identify solute interactions with the DES which affect heterocycle reactivity and selectivity, and as a proxy for biomolecule solvation. Empirical Potential Structure Refinement models of neutron diffraction data showed [Cholinium]+cations associate strongly with the indole π‐system due to electrostatics, whereas malic acid is only weakly associated. Trace water is sequestered into the DES and does not interact strongly with indole. When water is added to the DES, it does not interact with the indole π‐system but is exclusively in‐plane with the heterocyclic rings, forming strong H‐bonds with the ‐NH group, and also weak H‐bonds and thus prominent hydrophobic hydration of the indole aromatic region, which could direct selectivity in reactions.
Electrochemistry and Reactivity of Chelation‐stabilized Hypervalent Bromine(III) Compounds
Authors: Mohebbati Nayereh , Sokolovs Igors , Woite Philipp , Lõkov Märt , Parman Elisabeth , Ugandi Mihkel , Leito Ivo , Roemelt Michael , Suna Edgars , Francke Robert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypervalent bromine(III) reagents possess a higher electrophilicity and a stronger oxidizing power compared to their iodine(III) counterparts. Despite the superior reactivity, bromine(III) reagents have a reputation of hard‐to‐control and difficult‐to‐synthesize compounds. This is partly due to their low stability, and partly because their synthesis typically relies on the use of the toxic and highly reactive BrF3 as a precursor. Recently, we proposed chelation‐stabilized hypervalent bromine(III) compounds as a possible solution to both problems. First, they can be conveniently prepared by electro‐oxidation of the corresponding bromoarenes. Second, the chelation endows bromine(III) species with increased stability while retaining sufficient reactivity, comparable to that of iodine(III) counterparts. Finally, their intrinsic reactivity can be unlocked in the presence of acids. Herein, an in‐depth mechanistic study of both the electrochemical generation and the reactivity of the bromine(III) compounds is disclosed, with implications for known applications and future developments in the field.
Copper‐Catalyzed Borylation of Acyl Chlorides with an Alkoxy Diboron Reagent: A Facile Route to Acylboron Compounds
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Friedrich Alexandra , Marder Todd B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein, the copper‐catalyzed borylation of readily available acyl chlorides with bis(pinacolato)diboron, (B2pin2) or bis(neopentane glycolato)diboron (B2neop2) is reported, which provides stable potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) in good yields from the acylboronate esters. A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the mild reaction conditions (room temperature) and substrates containing different carbon‐skeletons, such as aryl, heteroaryl and primary, secondary, tertiary alkyl are applicable. Acyl N‐methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates can also been accessed by modification of the workup procedures. This process is scalable and also amenable to the late‐stage conversion of carboxylic acid‐containing drugs into their acylboron analogues, which have been challenging to prepare previously. A catalytic mechanism is proposed based on in situ monitoring of the reaction between p‐toluoyl chloride and an NHC‐copper(I) boryl complex as well as the isolation of an unusual lithium acylBpinOBpin compound as a key intermediate.
Die digitale Autobahn in die Feldebene
Authors: Ditting Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEthernet‐APL bringt die Vorteile der digitalen Kommunikation in die rauen Umgebungsbedingungen der Feldebene der Prozessindustrie. Der universelle Einsatz von Ethernet‐APL ermöglicht es, die Infrastruktur für sichere und nicht sichere Kommunikation zu vereinheitlichen.
Mess‐, Steuer‐, Regeltechnik‐Automation‐Antriebstechnik
Authors: Jablonski Frank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUm sicher zu stellen, dass einerseits leistungsfähige Technik eingesetzt wird und andererseits keine überraschungen auftreten, werden neue Geräte und Automatisierungstechniken vorab auf Herz und Nieren getestet. So auch bei der Einführung der Ethernet‐APL‐Technologie. Die BASF‐Ingenieure prüfen in einer Testanlage die Kommunikationstechnik der neuen Ethernet‐APL‐fähigen Messgeräte, darunter auch das Portfolio von Endress+Hauser.