bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in public interest in shopping and point-of-sales of JUUL and Puff Bar 2019–2021
Authors: Majmundar Anuja , Xue Zheng , Asare Samuel , Nargis Nigar 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionWe investigated public interest in shopping and point-of-sales (POS) of JUUL and Puff Bar products in the context of five regulatory, company sales policy and other events of interest that may have influenced the trajectory of these products during 2019–2021.MethodsOutcome variables included relative search volume (RSV) from Google search queries indicative of shopping interest in and aggregate dollar sales from Nielsen POS for JUUL and Puff Bar in the USA from March 2019 to May 2021. Adjusted autoregressive integrated moving average assessed the observed and predicted trends and adjusted linear regression analysis measured the relative rate of change in the outcome variables for each time period of interest.ResultsAfter the Trump administration announced its plans to ban flavoured e-cigarettes and JUUL Labs, Inc.’s decided to suspend the sales of its sweet and fruity flavoured products, JUUL’s shopping interest RSV and sales declined while Puff Bar’s shopping interest RSV peaked, and its sales increased. From the period following FDA’s announcement of its enforcement guidance policy on unauthorised flavoured cartridge-based e-cigarettes until May 2021, JUUL’s shopping interest RSV and sales continued to decline. Puff Bar’s shopping interest RSV increased, and its sales peaked until the House approved the flavoured e-cigarette ban bill. Puff Bar’s sales steeply declined following suspension of its sales in February 2020. The decline, however, slowed after Puff Bar products were relaunched as ‘synthetic nicotine’ e-cigarettes.ConclusionsPuff Bar’s unprecedented peak in the shopping interest and sales of Puff Bar warrants continued surveillance.
Analysis of mainstream emissions, secondhand emissions and the environmental impact of IQOS waste: a systematic review on IQOS that accounts for data source
Authors: El-Kaassamani Malak , Yen Miaoshan , Talih Soha , El-Hellani Ahmad 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo highlight the general features of IQOS literature focusing on the chemical analysis of IQOS emissions.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched on 8 November 2021 using the terms ‘heated tobacco product’, ‘heat-not-burn’, ‘IQOS’ and ‘tobacco heating system’ with time restriction (2010–2021). The search yielded 5480 records.Study selectionRelevant publications on topics related to IQOS assessment were retrieved (n=341). Two reviewers worked separately and reached agreement by consensus.Data extractionData on author affiliation and funding, article type and date of publication were extracted. Publications were categorised depending on their focus and outcomes. Data on IQOS emissions from the chemical analysis category were extracted.Data synthesisOf the included publications, 25% were published by Philip Morris International (PMI) affiliates or PMI-funded studies. PMI-sponsored publications on emissions, toxicology assessments and health effects were comparable in number to those reported by independent research, in contrast to publications on IQOS use, market trends and regulation. Data on nicotine yield, carbonyl emissions, other mainstream emissions, secondhand emissions and IQOS waste were compared between data sources to highlight agreement or disagreement between PMI-sponsored and independent research.ConclusionsOur analysis showed agreement between the data sources on nicotine yield from IQOS under the same puffing conditions. Also, both sources agreed that IQOS emits significantly reduced levels of some emissions compared with combustible cigarettes. However, independent studies and examination of PMI’s data showed significant increases in other emissions from and beyond the Food and Drug Administration’s harmful and potentially harmful constituents list.
Building trauma capability: using geospatial analysis to consider military treatment facilities for trauma center development
Authors: Lee Blair C , McEvoy Christian S , Ross-Li Dan , Norris Emily A , Tadlock Matthew D , Shackelford Stacy A , Jensen Shane D 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe Military Health System must develop and sustain experienced surgical trauma teams while facing decreased surgical volumes both during and between deployments. Military trauma resources may enhance local trauma systems by accepting civilian patients for care at military treatment facilities (MTFs). Some MTFs may be able to augment their regional trauma systems by developing trauma center (TC) capabilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geographical proximity of MTFs to the continental US (CONUS) population and relative to existing civilian adult TCs, and then to determine which MTFs might benefit most from TC development.MethodsPublicly available data were used to develop a list of CONUS adult civilian level 1 and level 2 TCs and also to generate a list of CONUS MTFs. Census data were used to estimate adult population densities across zip codes. Distances were calculated between zip codes and civilian TCs and MTFs. The affected population sizes and reductions in distance were tabulated for every zip code that was found to be closer to an MTF than an existing TC.Results562 civilian adult level 1 and level 2 TCs and 33 military medical centers and hospitals were identified. Compared with their closest civilian TCs, MTFs showed mean reductions in distance ranging from 0 to 30 miles, affecting populations ranging from 12 000 to over 900 000 adults. Seven MTFs were identified that would offer clinically significant reductions in distance to relatively large population centers.DiscussionSome MTFs may offer decreased transit times and improved care to large adult populations within their regional trauma systems by developing level 1 or level 2 TC capabilities. The results of this study provide recommendations to focus further study on seven MTFs to identify those that merit further development and integration with their local trauma systems.Level of evidenceIV.
Interdependence of the new “MUON G-2” result and the W-boson mass
Authors: Bagnaschi Emanuele , Chakraborti Manimala , Heinemeyer Sven , Saha Ipsita , Weiglein Georg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe electroweak (EW) sector of the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), assuming the lightest neutralino as Dark Matter (DM) candidate, can account for a variety of experimental results. This includes the DM direct detection limits, the searches for EW superpartners at the LHC, and in particular the discrepancy between the experimental result for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $$(g-2)_\mu $$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

, and its Standard Model (SM) prediction. The new “MUON G-2” result, combined with the older BNL result on $$(g-2)_\mu $$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

, yields a deviation from the SM prediction of $$\Delta a_\mu = ({25.1}\pm {5.9}) \times 10^{-10}$$

Δ

a
μ

=

(

25.1

±

5.9

)

×

10

-
10

, corresponding to $${4.2}\,\sigma $$

4.2

σ

. Using this updated bound, together with the other constraints, we calculate the MSSM prediction for the mass of the W boson, $$M_W$$

M
W

. We assume contributions only from the EW sector, i.e. the colored sector of the MSSM, in agreement with the search limits, is taken to be heavy. We investigate five scenarios, distinguished by the mechanisms which yield a relic DM density in agreement with the latest Planck bounds. We find that with the new $$(g-2)_\mu $$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

result taken into account and depending on the scenario, values up to "Equation missing" are reached. The largest values are obtained for wino DM and in the case of slepton co-annihilation, where points well within the $$1\,\sigma $$

1

σ

range of the experimental world average of $$M_W^{\mathrm {exp}}= 80.379 \pm 0.012 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$

M
W
exp

=
80.379
±
0.012

GeV

are reached, whereas the SM predicts a too small value of $$M_W^{\mathrm {SM}}= 80.353 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$

M
W
SM

=
80.353

GeV

. We analyze the dependence of $$M_W^{\mathrm {MSSM}}$$

M
W
MSSM

on the relevant masses of the EW superpartners and demonstrate that future $$M_W$$

M
W

measurements, e.g. at the ILC, could distinguish between various MSSM realizations. Sizable contributions to $$M_W^{\mathrm {MSSM}}$$

M
W
MSSM

are associated with a relatively light $$\tilde{\chi }_{1}^0$$

χ
~

1

0

, accompanied by either a light chargino or a light smuon, setting interesting targets for future collider searches.
Gravitational lensing by a black-bounce-Reissner–Nordström spacetime
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xie Yi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the weak and strong deflection gravitational lensing by a black-bounce-Reissner–Nordström spacetime and obtain their lensing observables. Assuming the supermassive black holes in the Galactic Center and at the center of M87, Sgr A* and M87* respectively, as the lenses, we evaluate these observables and assess their detectability. We also intensively compare these lensing signatures with those of various tidal or charged spacetimes. We find that it might be possible to distinguish these spacetimes by measuring the fluxes difference of the lensed images by Sgr A* in its quiet stage.
Dynamical complexity and the gravitational collapse of compact stellar objects
Authors: Bogadi Robert S. , Govender Megandhren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of the gravitational collapse of a compact object via a complexity factor scalar which arises from the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann tensor. This scalar has the property of vanishing for systems which are isotropic in pressure and homogeneous in the energy density. In this way, the complexity factor can give further details of the progression of inhomogeneity as the collapse proceeds. Furthermore, we show that complexity may be used in comparing models and justifying their physical viability. Thus, it could become an integral part of the physical analysis of relativistic collapse in addition to energy conditions analysis, (in)stability, and recently investigated force dynamics.
Circulating Galectin-3 and Aldosterone for Predicting Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
Authors: Ruan Zhong-bao , Gao Run-feng , Wang Fei , Chen Ge-cai , Zhu Jun-guo , Ren Yin , Zhu Li 
Published: May 2022

Background. Circulating galectin-3 (Gal-3) and aldosterone (ALD) are involved in fibrosis and inflammation. However, their potential value as predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is unknown or controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between baseline Gal-3, ALD levels, and AF recurrence in patients performing RFCA. Methods. 153 consecutive patients undergoing RFCA were included. Gal-3 and ALD were measured at baseline. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were performed to determine the predictors of AF recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve were used to assess the value of predictors. Results. There were 35 (22.88%) cases of AF recurrence after RFCA. The recurrence group had significantly higher preoperative serum levels of Gal-3 and ALD than the nonrecurrence group. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that Gal-3 (

HR
=
1.28

, 95% CI: 1.04-1.56,

p
=
0.02

) and ALD (

OR
=
1.02

, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03,

p
<
0.03

) were significantly associated with AF recurrence after RFCA. The area under the curve (AUC) of preoperative serum Gal-3, ALD, and 2 combined to predict the recurrence of AF patients after RFCA was 0.636, 0.798, and 0.893, respectively, while sensitivity was 65.32%, 71.69%, and 88.61%, respectively and specificity was 77.46%, 78.53%, and 86.0%, respectively. Patients with Gal-3 above the cutoff value of 14.57 pg/ml had higher frequent AF recurrence than the patients with

Gal
−
3
≤
14.57

pg
/
ml

(35% vs. 12%,

p
<
0.001

) during a follow-up. Meanwhile, patients with ALD above the cutoff value of 243.61 pg/ml also had a higher AF recurrence rate than those with

ALD
≤
243.61

pg
/
ml

(37% vs. 11%,

p
<
0.001

) during a follow-up. The recurrence rate in patients with

Gal
−
3
>
14.57

pg
/
ml
+
ALD
>
243.61

pg
/
ml

was higher than that in patients with baseline

Gal
−
3
>
14.57

pg
/
ml

or

ALD
>
243.61

pg
/
ml

and patients with

Gal
−
3
≤
14.57

pg
/
ml
+
ALD
≤
243.61

pg
/
ml

(57% vs. 14% vs. 9%,

p
<
0.01

, respectively). Conclusion. AF recurrence after RFCA had higher baseline Gal-3 and ALD levels, and higher preoperative circulating Gal-3 and ALD levels were independent predictors of AF recurrence for patients undergoing RFCA, while combination of preoperative Gal-3 and ALD levels has higher prediction accuracy.
Comprehensive Characterizations of Immune Receptor Repertoire in Tumors and Cancer Immunotherapy Studies
Authors: Song Li , Ouyang Zhangyi , Cohen David , Cao Yang , Altreuter Jennifer , Bai Gali , Hu Xihao , Livak Kenneth J. , Li Heng , Tang Ming , Li Bo , Liu X. Shirley 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We applied our computational algorithm TRUST4 to assemble immune receptor (T-cell receptor/B-cell receptor) repertoires from approximately 12,000 RNA sequencing samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and seven immunotherapy studies. From over 35 million assembled complete complementary-determining region 3 sequences, we observed that the expression of CCL5 and MZB1 is the most positively correlated genes with T-cell clonal expansion and B-cell clonal expansion, respectively. We analyzed amino acid evolution during B-cell receptor somatic hypermutation and identified tyrosine as the preferred residue. We found that IgG1+IgG3 antibodies together with FcRn were associated with complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or phagocytosis. In addition to B-cell infiltration, we discovered that B-cell clonal expansion and IgG1+IgG3 antibodies are also correlated with better patient outcomes. Finally, we created a website, VisualizIRR, for users to interactively explore and visualize the immune repertoires in this study.
See related Spotlight by Liu and Han, p. 786
Neural Reinstatement of Overlapping Memories in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Lee Kyoungeun , Mirjalili Soroush , Quadri Ayesha , Corbett Brittany , Duarte Audrey 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
When we update our episodic memories with new information, mnemonic competition between old and new memories may result because of the presence of shared features. Behavioral studies suggest that this competition can lead to proactive interference, resulting in unsuccessful memory updating, particularly for older adults. It is difficult with behavioral data alone to measure the reactivation of old, overlapping memories during retrieval and its impact on memory for new memories. Here, we applied encoding–retrieval representational similarity (ERS) analysis to EEG data to estimate event-specific encoding-related neural reinstatement of old associations during the retrieval of new ones and its impact on memory for new associations in young and older adults. Our results showed that older adults' new associative memory performance was more negatively impacted by proactive interference from old memories than that of young adults. In both age groups, ERS for old associative memories was greater for trials for which new associative memories were forgotten than remembered. In contrast, ERS for new associative memories was greater when they were remembered than forgotten. In addition, older adults showed relatively attenuated target (i.e., new associates) and lure (i.e., old associates) ERS effects compared to younger adults. Collectively, these results suggest that the neural reinstatement of interfering memories during retrieval contributes to proactive interference across age, whereas overall attenuated ERS effect in older adults might reflect their reduced memory fidelity.
Temporal Expectation Improves Recognition Memory for Spatially Attended Objects
Authors: Jones Alexander , Ward Emma V. , Csiszer Enida L. , Szymczak Joanna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that temporal expectation is beneficial to memory formation. Rhythmic presentation of stimuli during encoding enhances subsequent recognition and is associated with distinct neural activity compared with when stimuli are presented in an arrhythmic manner. However, no prior study has examined how temporal expectation interacts with another important form of facilitation—spatial attention—to affect memory. This study systematically manipulated temporal expectation and spatial attention during encoding to examine their combined effect on behavioral recognition and associated ERPs. Participants performed eight experimental blocks consisting of an encoding phase and recognition test, with EEG recorded throughout. During encoding, pairs of objects and checkerboards were presented and participants were cued to attend to the left or right stream and detect targets as quickly as possible. In four blocks, stimulus presentation followed a rhythmic (constant, predictable) temporal structure, and in the other four blocks, stimulus onset was arrhythmic (random, unpredictable). An interaction between temporal expectation and spatial attention emerged, with greater recognition in the rhythmic than the arrhythmic condition for spatially attended items. Analysis of memory-specific ERP components uncovered effects of spatial attention. There were late positive component and FN400 old/new effects in the attended condition for both rhythmic and arrhythmic items, whereas in the unattended condition, there was an FN400 old/new effect and no late positive component effect. The study provides new evidence that memory improvement as a function of temporal expectation is dependent upon spatial attention.
Atypical Lower Limb Mechanics During Weight Acceptance of Stair Descent at Different Time Frames After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Markström Jonas L. , Liebermann Dario G. , Schelin Lina , Häger Charlotte K. 
Published: May 2022

Background: An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture may result in poor sensorimotor knee control and, consequentially, adapted movement strategies to help maintain knee stability. Whether patients display atypical lower limb mechanics during weight acceptance of stair descent at different time frames after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is unknown. Purpose: To compare the presence of atypical lower limb mechanics during the weight acceptance phase of stair descent among athletes at early, middle, and late time frames after unilateral ACLR. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 49 athletes with ACLR were classified into 3 groups according to time after ACLR—early (<6 months; n = 17), middle (6-18 months; n = 16), and late (>18 months; n = 16)—and compared with asymptomatic athletes (control; n = 18). Sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle angles; angular velocities; moments; and powers were compared between the ACLR groups’ injured and noninjured legs and the control group as well as between legs within groups using functional data analysis methods. Results: All 3 ACLR groups showed greater knee flexion angles and moments than the control group for injured and noninjured legs. For the other outcomes, the early group had, compared with the control group, less hip power absorption, more knee power absorption, lower ankle plantarflexion angle, lower ankle dorsiflexion moment, and less ankle power absorption for the injured leg and more knee power absorption and higher vertical ground reaction force for the noninjured leg. In addition, the late group showed differences from the control group for the injured leg revealing more knee power absorption and lower ankle plantarflexion angle. Only the early group took a longer time than the control group to complete weight acceptance and demonstrated asymmetry for multiple outcomes. Conclusion: Athletes with different time frames after ACLR revealed atypically large knee angles and moments during weight acceptance of stair descent for both the injured and the noninjured legs. These findings may express a chronically adapted strategy to increase knee control. In contrast, atypical hip and ankle mechanics seem restricted to an early time frame after ACLR. Clinical Relevance: Rehabilitation after ACLR should include early training in controlling weight acceptance. Including a control group is essential when evaluating movement patterns after ACLR because both legs may be affected.
Measuring Social Health Following Pediatric Critical Illness: A Scoping Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Daughtrey Hannah , Slain Katherine N. , Derrington Sabrina , Evans Idris V. R. , Goodman Denise M. , Christie LeeAnn M. , Li Simon , Lin John C. , Long Debbie A. , Madden Maureen A. , VandenBranden Sara , Smith McKenna , Pinto Neethi P. , Maddux Aline B. , Fink Ericka L. , Watson R. Scott , Dervan Leslie A. ,   for the POST-PICU and PICU-COS Investigators of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Networks (CPCCRN)
Published: May 2022

Objective Social health is an important component of recovery following critical illness as modeled in the pediatric Post-Intensive Care Syndrome framework. We conducted a scoping review of studies measuring social outcomes (measurable components of social health) following pediatric critical illness and propose a conceptual framework of the social outcomes measured in these studies. Data sources PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Registry Study selection We identified studies evaluating social outcomes in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) survivors or their families from 1970–2017 as part of a broader scoping review of outcomes after pediatric critical illness. Data extraction We identified articles by dual review and dual-extracted study characteristics, instruments, and instrument validation and administration information. For instruments used in studies evaluating a social outcome, we collected instrument content and described it using qualitative methods adapted to a scoping review. Data synthesis Of 407 articles identified in the scoping review, 223 (55%) evaluated a social outcome. The majority were conducted in North America and the United Kingdom, with wide variation in methodology and population. Among these studies, 38 unique instruments were used to evaluate a social outcome. Specific social outcomes measured included individual (independence, attachment, empathy, social behaviors, social cognition, and social interest), environmental (community perceptions and environment), and network (activities and relationships) characteristics, together with school and family outcomes. While many instruments assessed more than one social outcome, no instrument evaluated all areas of social outcome. Conclusions The full range of social outcomes reported following pediatric critical illness were not captured by any single instrument. The lack of a comprehensive instrument focused on social outcomes may contribute to under-appreciation of the importance of social outcomes and their under-representation in PICU outcomes research. A more comprehensive evaluation of social outcomes will improve understanding of overall recovery following pediatric critical illness.