bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating instructional designs of personalized learning through the lens of universal design for learning
Authors: Zhang Ling , Carter Richard Allen , Basham James D. , Yang Sohyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersonalized learning (PL), conceptualized as an education innovation that tailors learning to meet diverse student needs, has drawn increased attention from different fields of study, such as education, learning sciences, and computer science. Regardless, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of PL instructional designs supported by technology.ObjectivesThis systematic literature review aimed to provide an empirical integration of PL designs and implementation across disciplines through the lens of the universal design for learning (UDL) framework. As an instructional framework that guides the design to embrace learner variability, UDL holds the potential to provide foundational considerations for instructional design components of PL.MethodsWe used four databases including ERIC, OmniFile Full Text Select, Academic Search Complete, and Web of Science to search empirical studies investigating technology‐supported PL in PK‐12 school‐based settings. In total, 61 studies published between 2006 and 2020 were included in the review. We analysed PL design and implementation features and aligned these features to the UDL framework.Results and ConclusionsOur results indicated that current empirical PL design features were widely mapped onto the UDL framework. Most current PL studies investigated segmented aspects such as student attributes (e.g., interest, motivation, self‐regulation) and instructional practices (e.g., facilitating goal setting) that could contribute to PL design. Rarely did studies investigate how PL was operationalized in a system integrating various design components that consider learner characteristics, instructional support, and contextual implementation factors.ImplicationsThe analysis of alignment between PL designs within the UDL framework can serve as a starting point for stakeholders to take a more holistic approach to designing PL experiences for all learners.
Analytics of learning tactics and strategies in an online learnersourcing environment
Authors: Lahza Hatim , Khosravi Hassan , Demartini Gianluca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of crowdsourcing in a pedagogically supported form to partner with learners in developing novel content is emerging as a viable approach for engaging students in higher‐order learning at scale. However, how students behave in this form of crowdsourcing, referred to as learnersourcing, is still insufficiently explored.ObjectivesTo contribute to filling this gap, this study explores how students engage with learnersourcing tasks across a range of course and assessment designs.MethodsWe conducted an exploratory study on trace data of 1279 students across three courses, originating from the use of a learnersourcing environment under different assessment designs. We employed a new methodology from the learning analytics (LA) field that aims to represent students' behaviour through two theoretically‐derived latent constructs: learning tactics and the learning strategies built upon them.ResultsThe study's results demonstrate students use different tactics and strategies, highlight the association of learnersourcing contexts with the identified learning tactics and strategies, indicate a significant association between the strategies and performance and contribute to the employed method's generalisability by applying it to a new context.ImplicationsThis study provides an example of how learning analytics methods can be employed towards the development of effective learnersourcing systems and, more broadly, technological educational solutions that support learner‐centred and data‐driven learning at scale. Findings should inform best practices for integrating learnersourcing activities into course design and shed light on the relevance of tactics and strategies to support teachers in making informed pedagogical decisions.
Effects of supplementary pollen on the life history traits of predatory mite Euseius nicholsi across generations
Authors: He Yu‐Min , Li Guang‐Yun , Liu Ming‐Xiu , Liu Huai , Wang Zi‐Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPollen as one of the most important supplementary food benefits the generalist predators in many aspects. However, little is known about the performance of generalist predators with type IV lifestyle when they are reared continuously on prey supplemented with pollen for many generations. In this study, the life history traits of the predatory mites Euseius nicholsi (Ehara et Lee) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were compared when two prey species, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Eotetranychus kanktus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) were offered with the presence/absence of camellia pollen. The results showed that the mixed diet of prey and pollen significantly improved the fitness of predatory mites. Predatory mites with pollen as supplementary food developed 1 day faster than their counterparts fed only with prey. They survived much longer and produced almost twice as many eggs as their counterparts. Nevertheless, these benefits were only evident in the first few generations and faded away from Generation 5. This study advanced our understanding by indicating that the beneficial effects of supplementary pollen decreased along with generations and clarifying that T. urticae was a more nutritious prey to E. nicholsi.
Podomonas kaiyoae n. sp., a novel apusomonad growing axenically
Authors: Yabuki Akinori , Tame Akihiro , Mizuno Keiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractApusomonadida (apusomonads) is a group of heterotrophic biflagellates that feed on bacteria and small protists. Their diversity is not fully understood, and several major lineages remain to be identified in natural environments. Here, we report Podomonas kaiyoae n. sp., which was isolated from deep‐sea sediment and can be maintained as an axenic culture. While P. kaiyoae branched within one of the major unidentified lineages, the combination of the morphological characteristics is generally similar to that of Podomonas species, but can be distinguished from that of other Podomonas species based on the cell sizes.
Demographics, Monetary Policy, and the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: BIELECKI MARCIN , BRZOZA‐BRZEZINA MICHAŁ , KOLASA MARCIN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe develop a New Keynesian life‐cycle model to assess the importance of population aging for monetary policy. The model successfully matches the age profiles of consumption‐savings decisions made by European households. It implies that demographic trends contribute significantly to the decline of the natural rate of interest (NRI) and potential output growth, and exacerbate the risk of hitting the zero lower bound (ZLB), given the current inflation targets. Under a realistic assumption that the central bank updates its estimates of the NRI only with some lag, aging may additionally lead to a sizable and persistent deflationary bias, elevating the ZLB risk even further.
A comparison of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of naturally acquired shigellosis in rhesus and pigtailed macaques (Macaca mulatta and nemestrina)
Authors: Maxwell Amanda Rae , Herrod Jessica Ann , Hutchinson Eric Kenneth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundShigella spp. are common enteric pathogens in captive non‐human primates. Treatment of symptomatic infections involves supportive care and antibiotic therapy, typically with an empirical choice of antibiotic.MethodsTwenty‐four clinically ill, Shigella PCR‐positive animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: single‐dose ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA), single‐dose azithromycin gavage, a 5‐day tapering azithromycin dose, or 7‐day course of enrofloxacin. We hypothesized that all antimicrobial therapies would have similar efficacy.ResultsAnimals in all groups cleared Shigella, based on fecal PCR, and had resolution of clinical signs 2 weeks after treatment. Eight out of nine clinically ill and PCR‐positive animals tested negative by fecal culture.ConclusionsSingle‐dose CCFA, single‐dose azithromycin, and a 5‐day tapering course of azithromycin all performed as well as a 7‐day course of enrofloxacin in eliminating Shigella infection. Fecal PCR may be a better diagnostic than culture for Shigella.
‘My biggest fear is that people will forget about him’: Mothers' emotional transitions after terminating their pregnancy for medical reasons
Authors: González‐Ramos Zuleika , Zuriguel‐Pérez Esperanza , Collado‐Palomares Anna , Casadó‐Marín Lina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore women's emotional responses throughout the process of terminating a pregnancy for medical reasons.BackgroundMaking the choice to terminate a desired pregnancy for medical reasons has a negative impact on women's health, as it is a distressing process that involves making hard decisions and readjusting one's expectations of an idealised pregnancy.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological study was conducted following the COREQ checklist. Fifteen semi‐structured interviews and two focus groups were conducted with women who had terminated their pregnancies for medical reasons, previous to and during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Subsequently, we analysed the content.ResultsOne main category, emotional journey during the process of terminating the pregnancy, and six subcategories were identified: (I) representation and desire to become a mother, (II) main concerns, (III) impact of the news, (IV) decision‐making, (V) emotional responses before termination for medical reasons and (VI) emotional responses after termination for medical reasons. All contributed to understanding the specificities of the different phases that make up the emotional journey of terminating a pregnancy for medical reasons.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that there are a number of predominant emotions that professionals need to be aware of in order to help women work through them and lessen the impact of pregnancy termination on their mental health. COVID‐19 had different connotations depending on the women's experiences.Relevance to clinical practiceOur results highlight how important the role of healthcare staff is in caring for these women and their partners, which involves recognising their emotions throughout the process. Our results also underline how useful it is to conduct qualitative studies in this context, since they constitute a set of activities and interventions that result in the administration of nursing care in itself.Patient or Public ContributionThe ultimate goal of the action research study is to design a positive mental health intervention. Participants will contribute to the design and final approval of the intervention.
Information transparency, monitoring, and incentives under decentralization: Evidence from China's fiscal reform of “province managing county”
Authors: Jia Junxue , Ning Jing , Zhang Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonitoring is deemed crucial for the incentivization of a decentralized organization, but its function relies on information transparency between the central authority and the delegated individuals. We test this hypothesis by considering changes in the fiscal behavior of Chinese county governments following an exogenous fiscal reform in 2004/2005 that removed information obstacles between provinces and counties. Employing data on 590 Chinese counties from 2000 to 2009, we find that counties in the reform provinces adopt a more proactive fiscal policy after the reform, suggesting that they become more incentivized in the political competition for economic growth. Such effects are stronger in counties with fewer competing peers and counties with either high or low ranks in the records of economic growth among peers. The increase in counties' productive spending leads to higher economic growth in later years.
Vorogrid: A static‐aware variable‐density Voronoi mesh to design the tube structure tessellation of tall buildings
Authors: Laccone Francesco , Gaudioso Domenico , Malomo Luigi , Cignoni Paolo , Froli Maurizio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the context of tall building design, the tube concept represents one of the most performing systems. The diagrid is the widespread type of tube system and consists of a diagonal grid of beams that wraps the building, forming a diamond pattern. It performs as lateral bracing and is additionally able to sustain vertical loading through axial forces. Despite its efficiency, a growing interest is recently observed in alternative geometries to replace the diagrid pattern and improve the architectural impact conferred by the building skin aesthetics on the urban environment. The paper pursues the use of a Voronoi mesh, in which the geometry of the cells is steered to known schemes for the structural design of a cantilever tube structure. The objective is to mimic a macroscopic structural behavior through a topology and size modification of the Voronoi mesh that increases the density for creating resisting paths with higher stiffness. The paper proposes a novel method Vorogrid for designing a new class of tall buildings equipped with an organic‐looking and mechanically sound tube structure, which makes them a valuable alternative to competitors (diagrid, hexagrid, random Voronoi). Diagrids and hexagrids still remain more efficient in terms of forces and displacements but are characterized by a more usual appearance, instead Vorogrid offers more design control and better performances on average with respect to random Voronoi structures. This method is streamed into a pipeline that includes grid initialization strategies, geometric and structural optimization to mitigate the effects of the grid randomness, and structural sizing.
Do we have something in common? Understanding national identities through a metanarrative analysis
Authors: Kaplan Yael R. , Sheafer Tamir , Shenhav Shaul R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany scholars stress the role national identities play as an essential element that shapes interests and explains political behaviours. Others, however, contend that national identities are too amorphic and highlight the analytical challenge of employing them as a research variable. We propose the use of metanarratives as a theoretical framework that captures the essence of national identities and allows the comparative study of their similarities and differences. Metanarratives are shared dominant stories that guide values, beliefs and behaviours and help communities understand who they are. We develop a new systematic method for measuring their content and present a three‐step process for gauging metanarratives. We demonstrate this method on 159 countries, analysing constitution preambles to assess each nation's metanarrative and create a global identity orientation map. We show how this approach enables the classification and comparison of national identities and discuss its potential contribution to further empiric study of national identities.
Understanding the differences between single‐ and multiobjective optimization for the conservation of multiple species
Authors: Cho Seong‐Hoon , Mingie James C. , Kang Nawon , Zhu Gengping , Upendram Sreedhar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to understand how solutions from single‐ and multiobjective optimization for the conservation of multiple species are different and what impacts these differences. We identify optimal conservation investment allocations maximizing expected species' habitat ranges for multiple pairs of species using two approaches in the central and southern Appalachian region. We find that disparities between the two approaches are affected by differences in the involved species' expected habitat ranges (i.e., contrasting and similar) and their correlation pattern (i.e., positive, negative, and insignificant). Using a single metric by aggregating species' habitats for multiple species to carry out single‐objective optimization is shown to favor the species with a larger habitat distribution more if the involved species' expected habitat distributions are negatively correlated and their distribution difference is larger. Framing multiple metrics of species' habitats separately using multiobjective optimization for the same set of multiple species, in contrast, does not show such a drastic disparity.
CC‐type glutaredoxin, MeGRXC3, associates with catalases and negatively regulates drought tolerance in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Guo Xin , Yu Xiaoling , Xu Ziyin , Zhao Pingjuan , Zou Liangping , Li Wenbin , Geng Mengting , Zhang Peng , Peng Ming , Ruan Mengbin 
Published: September 2022

SummaryGlutaredoxins (GRXs) are essential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in responses of plants to environment changes. We previously identified several drought‐responsive CC‐type GRXs in cassava, an important tropical crop. However, how CC‐type GRX regulates ROS homeostasis of cassava under drought stress remained largely unknown. Here, we report that a drought‐responsive CC‐type GRX, namely MeGRXC3, was associated with activity of catalase in the leaves of 100 cultivars (or unique unnamed genotypes) of cassava under drought stress. MeGRXC3 negatively regulated drought tolerance by modulating drought‐ and abscisic acid‐induced stomatal closure in transgenic cassava. It antagonistically regulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in epidermal cells and guard cells. Moreover, MeGRXC3 interacted with two catalases of cassava, MeCAT1 and MeCAT2, and regulated their activity in vivo. Additionally, MeGRXC3 interacts with a cassava TGA transcription factor, MeTGA2, in the nucleus, and regulates the expression of MeCAT7 through a MeTGA2‐MeMYB63 pathway. Overall, we demonstrated the roles of MeGRXC3 in regulating activity of catalase at both transcriptional and post‐translational levels, therefore involving in ROS homeostasis and stomatal movement in responses of cassava to drought stress. Our study provides the first insights into how MeGRXC3 may be used in molecular breeding of cassava crops.
Highest concentration of breast‐milk‐derived exosomes in colostrum
Authors: Ohta Motoki , Koshida Shigeki , Jimbo Itsuki , Oda Machi , Inoue Ryo , Tsukahara Takamitsu , Terahara Masaki , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Maruo Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundExosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles, that play important roles in intercellular immune regulation. They have potential therapeutic utility for neonatal diseases including necrotizing enterocolitis. Breast‐milk‐derived exosomes have recently shown beneficial effects on intestinal damage in vitro and in vivo. However, the chronological change in breast‐milk‐derived exosome concentrations after delivery are unclear.MethodsIn this prospective study, we enrolled 17 mothers who delivered premature infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Japan. We measured the consecutive concentrations of breast‐milk‐derived exosomes in the mothers for 48 weeks after delivery.ResultsThe median concentration of breast‐milk‐derived exosomes was 1.62 × 108 particles/ml in colostrum, showing a significant decrease after 2 weeks (P < 0.01). There was no association between the exosome concentration in colostrum and maternal perinatal factors including parity, mode of delivery, maternal age, and gestational age at delivery.ConclusionsWe concluded that breast‐milk‐derived exosomes were the richest in colostrum. Our basic data regarding breast‐milk‐derived exosomes are expected to aid in the clinical application of exosomes for treating neonatal diseases.
Singlet Molecular Oxygen Generation in the Reaction of Biological Haloamines of Amino Acids and Polyamines with Hydrogen Peroxide†
Authors: Nascimento Rafaela Oliveira , Prado Fernanda Manso , de Medeiros Marisa Helena Gennari , Ronsein Graziella Eliza , Di Mascio Paolo 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTLeucocytes generate hypohalous acids (HOCl and HOBr) to defend the host against pathogens. In cells, hypohalous acids react with amine‐containing molecules, such as amino acids and polyamines, producing chloramines and bromamines, reservoirs of oxidizing power that can potentially damage host tissues at sites of inflammation. Hypohalous acids also react with H2O2 to produce stoichiometric amounts of singlet molecular oxygen (), but its generation in leucocytes is still under debate. Additionally, it is unclear whether haloamines generate following a reaction with H2O2. Herein, we provide evidence of the generation of in the reactions between amino acid‐derived (taurine, N‐α‐acetyl‐Lysine and glycine) and polyamine‐derived (spermine and spermidine) haloamines and H2O2 in an aqueous solution. The unequivocal formation of was detected by monitoring its characteristic monomol light emission at 1270 nm in the near‐infrared region. For amino acid‐derived haloamines, the presence of was further confirmed by chemical trapping with anthracene‐9,10‐divinylsulfonate and HPLC‐MS/MS detection. Altogether, photoemission and chemical trapping studies demonstrated that chloramines were less effective at producing than bromamines of amino acids and polyamines. Thus, formation via bromamines and H2O2 may be a potential source of in nonilluminated biological systems.
Individual differences and dyadic processes in conversations with peers in middle childhood
Authors: Moore Christina C. , Hubbard Julie A. , Bookhout Megan K. , Zajac Lindsay , Dozier Mary 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to investigate the contribution of both trait‐like individual differences and dyadic processes to the content of children's conversations. Fifty‐two groups typically consisting of four same‐sex unfamiliar nine‐year‐old children (N = 202) interacted in all possible dyads, resulting in six dyads per group. Each dyad completed a 5‐min frustration task and a 5‐min planning task. Observers coded children's verbalizations into 10 categories and further summed these categories into prosocial (suggest, agree, solicit input, ask, encourage, state personal) and antisocial (command, disagree, discourage, aggress) verbalizations, resulting in 24 variables (12 per task). Across both tasks, Social Relations Model analyses provided evidence of the role of both individual differences [significant effects for actor variance (15 of 24 variables), actor‐actor correlations, and intrapersonal correlations] and dyadic processes [significant effects for partner variance (4 of 24 variables), relationship variance (18 of 24 variables), dyadic reciprocity correlations (10 of 24 variables), and interpersonal correlations] in children's conversations with peers.