bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social anxiety mediates the effect of attachment to parents on friendships and loneliness during the college transition
Authors: Carcedo Rodrigo J. , Vázquez-Iglesias Pilar , Parade Stephanie , Herreros-Fraile Alicia , Hervalejo Diego 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to investigate direct and indirect effects of attachment to parents on the formation of friendships, satisfaction with friends, and loneliness over the transition to college. Social anxiety and gender were tested as a possible mediator and moderator respectively. A total of 210 college freshmen at a large university in Spain participated in at a baseline assessment and a six-month follow-up assessment. Results demonstrated indirect effects of attachment to parents on ease forming friendships, satisfaction with friends, and loneliness through social anxiety, and a direct effect of attachment to loneliness. Gender did not play a moderating role. Taken together, these results suggest that programs to support the development of healthy social relationships across the college transition may be particularly beneficial for youth with challenges in familial relationships, and that screening for social anxiety may identify those students who would particularly benefit from support.
A micro-geoarchaeological view on stratigraphy and site formation processes in the Middle, Upper and Epi-Paleolithic layers of Sefunim Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel
Authors: Friesem David E. , Shimelmitz Ron , Schumacher Mara L. , Miller Christopher E. , Kandel Andrew W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a micro-geoarchaeological study carried out on the sedimentary sequence exposed at the entrance of Sefunim Cave, Israel, a sequence that spans from the Middle Paleolithic to the early Epipaleolithic periods. Using FTIR and micromorphological techniques, we investigated the stratigraphic sequence to reconstruct patterns of site use and archaeological formation processes. We identified formation processes that are common among Paleolithic caves sites in the Southern Levant, mainly the deposition of localterra rossathrough colluvial sedimentation. Taphonomic disturbances of the deposits range from minimal to moderate, exhibited mainly by root and burrowing activity, but with no evidence for significant transport of archaeological materials. While the upper layers (II–III) are decalcified, the precipitation of secondary calcite results in increasing cementation of the sediments with depth in the lower layers (V–VII). We observed variation at the microscopic scale and identified an inverse correlation between human and carnivore activity throughout the layers. We observed human activity by the presence of micro-archaeological materials such as chert, bone, charcoal, rubified clay, burnt bone and shell, and wood ash. We observed carnivore activity by the presence of phosphatic grains and coprolite fragments as well as chewed and digested bones. We conclude that human activity at the site was characterized by episodes of varying intensity, based on the frequency of archaeological finds within the different layers. The alternating episodes of human and carnivore activity at Sefunim Cave may demonstrate the close-knit interactions and reciprocal relations that humans and carnivore shared at Paleolithic caves.
Clausal Forms in MaxSAT and MinSAT
Authors: Li Chu Min , Manyà Felip , Soler Joan Ramon , Vidal Amanda 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe tackle the problem of reducing non-clausal MaxSAT and MinSAT to clausal MaxSAT and MinSAT. Our motivation is twofold: (i) the clausal form transformations used in SAT are unsound for MaxSAT and MinSAT, because they do not preserve the minimum or maximum number of unsatisfied clauses, and (ii) the state-of-the-art MaxSAT and MinSAT solvers require as input a multiset of clauses. The main contribution of this paper is the definition of three different cost-preserving transformations. Two transformations extend the usual equivalence preserving transformation used in SAT to MaxSAT and MinSAT. The third one extends the well-known Tseitin transformation. Furthermore, we report on an empirical comparison of the performance of the proposed transformations when solved with a state-of-the-art MaxSAT solver.
Effects of second-order dispersion of ultrashort laser pulse on stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Deng Yanqing , Yue Dongning , Luo Mufei , Zhao Xu , Li Yaojun , Ge Xulei , Liu Feng , Weng Suming , Chen Min , Yuan Xiaohui , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The influence of second-order dispersion (SOD) on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the interaction of an ultrashort intense laser with plasma was investigated. More significant backward SRS was observed with the increase of the absolute value of SOD (

$\mid \kern-1pt\!{\psi}_2\!\kern-1pt\mid$

). The integrated intensity of the scattered light is positively correlated to the driver laser pulse duration. Accompanied by the side SRS, filaments with different angles along the laser propagation direction were observed in the transverse shadowgraph. A model incorporating Landau damping and above-threshold ionization was developed to explain the SOD-dependent angular distribution of the filaments.
Compulsive buying behavior and its association with emotional distress, depression, and impulsivity in general population: an online survey
Authors: Mishra Sudha , Singh Amit , Kar Sujita Kumar , Ganesan Srinivasan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCompulsive buying behavior or pathological buying is increasingly being recognized as a psychiatric disorder, and various psychosocial factors have been proposed to contribute to this problem. This study aimed to identify the association between compulsive buying behavior, stress, anxiety, depression, and impulsivity.MethodsThis cross-sectional, online survey used Google Forms to collect sociodemographic and clinical details of the participants between June 2021 and August 2021. In addition, they were evaluated on Pathological Buying Screener, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale – 21 (DASS-21), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale – Brief (BIS-Brief).ResultsOut of 426 participants with valid responses, 169 (39.7%) qualified for pathological buying. The participant groups “with” and “without” pathological buying were comparable on sociodemographic characteristics, the preferred mode of shopping, and daily Internet use duration. Those “with” pathological buying scored significantly higher on DASS-21 and BIS-Brief. Both DASS-21 and BIS-Brief scores were predictors of pathological buying scores.ConclusionsThere is a significant association between pathological buying, psychological distress, and impulsivity.
Awareness and attitudes toward epilepsy among medical students and interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bin Abdulrahman Khalid A. , Alharbi Majed Ghanem , Alzeer Abdulmajeed Mansour 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition. It affects around 1% of the global population. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional observational study. An online questionnaire was distributed to medical students in their clinical and preclinical years and interns at Riyadh’s four public universities. Then a comparison was made to see whether attending more courses in medical school would influence the students’ knowledge and attitudes.

Results:
In the present study, 95% of medical students had heard about epilepsy or convulsive seizures (a significantly larger proportion of clinical students had heard about epilepsy than preclinical students (99.0% versus 92%, P-value = 0.000)). Furthermore, 34.0% believed that epilepsy could be treated. Moreover, 79.1% of those polled claimed that brain disease originated from epilepsy, followed by genetic factors (64.1%) and convulsions (92.3%) as the most common symptoms.

Conclusion:
Regarding medical students’ awareness of epilepsy, it turns out that it is good and better than reported in other research, especially among clinical students rather than preclinical students, who have a negative attitude toward epileptic patients. Consequently, there is a need to further development of their knowledge throughout future campaigns and conferences, and curricula that should be tailored to help improve awareness and attitudes toward epilepsy.
Evaluation of the N2O Rate of Change to Understand the Stratospheric Brewer‐Dobson Circulation in a Chemistry‐Climate Model
Authors: Minganti Daniele , Chabrillat Simon , Errera Quentin , Prignon Maxime , Kinnison Douglas E. , Garcia Rolando R. , Abalos Marta , Alsing Justin , Schneider Matthias , Smale Dan , Jones Nicholas , Mahieu Emmanuel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Brewer‐Dobson Circulation (BDC) determines the distribution of long‐lived tracers in the stratosphere; therefore, their changes can be used to diagnose changes in the BDC. We evaluate decadal (2005–2018) trends of nitrous oxide (N2O) in two versions of the Whole Atmosphere Chemistry‐Climate Model (WACCM) by comparing them with measurements from four Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) ground‐based instruments, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE‐FTS), and with a chemistry‐transport model (CTM) driven by four different reanalyses. The limited sensitivity of the FTIR instruments can hide negative N2O trends in the mid‐stratosphere because of the large increase in the lowermost stratosphere. When applying ACE‐FTS measurement sampling on model datasets, the reanalyses from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) compare best with ACE‐FTS, but the N2O trends are consistently exaggerated. The N2O trends obtained with WACCM disagree with those obtained from ACE‐FTS, but the new WACCM version performs better than the previous above the Southern Hemisphere in the stratosphere. Model sensitivity tests show that the decadal N2O trends reflect changes in the stratospheric transport. We further investigate the N2O Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM) budget in WACCM and in the CTM simulation driven by the latest ECMWF reanalysis. The TEM analysis shows that enhanced advection affects the stratospheric N2O trends in the Tropics. While no ideal observational dataset currently exists, this model study of N2O trends still provides new insights about the BDC and its changes because of the contribution from relevant sensitivity tests and the TEM analysis.
Estimates of the Potential Indirect Damage to China by Restricting Energy Increase to Peak Carbon Emissions
Authors: Huang Chengfang , Li Ning , Zhang Zhengtao , Liu Fenggui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBalanced against this increase in energy demand are energy security and climate warming issues. Restricting the increase in energy demand for peaking carbon emissions will not only directly affect production in sectors but also cause a broader indirect economic impact through intricate industrial linkages. Under the two requirements of adapting to warming and peaking carbon emissions before 2030, we accordingly constructed developmental and restrictive scenarios of China and improved the adaptive Input–Output model from the demand side to evaluate the indirect economic impact. The main findings were as follows: (a) the increase in end‐use demand for conventional energy in 2030 will be 24.43% of energy consumption in 2017 (TEC2017) under the restrictive scenario, and the reduction of this increase will be about 42.98% of TEC2017 in comparison with the developmental scenario. (b) Due to this reduction, the possible indirect damage in 2030 will be 14.96% of the GDP in 2017, and the clean energy level in 2030 will be 20 times the hydropower generation in 2017, which can offset this damage. (c) The industrial sector with high output and high energy will suffer the most indirect damage. The quantitative results demonstrate the great challenges that China will face in clean energy transition.
Breaking Up Is Hard to Do: Magmatism During Oceanic Arc Breakup, Subduction Reversal, and Cessation
Authors: Gill James , Todd Erin , Hoernle Kaj , Hauff Folkmar , Price Allison Ann , Jackson Matthew G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe formerly continuous Vitiaz Arc broke into its Vanuatu and Fijian portions during a reversal of subduction polarity in the Miocene. Basaltic volcanism in Fiji that accompanied the breakup ranged from shoshonitic to low‐K and boninitic with increasing distance from the broken edge of the arc that, presumably, marks the broken edge of the slab. The Sr‐Pb‐Nd isotope ratios of the slab‐derived component in the breakup basalts most closely match those of the isotopically most depleted part of the Samoan seamount chain on the Pacific Plate that was adjacent to the site of breakup at 4–8 Ma, and differ from those of subsequent basalts in spreading segments of the surrounding backarc North Fiji and Lau Basins. Subduction of the Samoan Chain along the Vitiaz Trench Lineament may have controlled the limit of polarity reversal and, hence, where the double saloon doors (Martin, 2013) opened. Prior to breakup, Fijian volcanics were more similar isotopically to the Louisville Seamount Chain.
Magnetospheric Field‐Aligned Current Generation by Foreshock Transients: Contribution by Flow Vortices and Pressure Gradients
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Wang Chih‐Ping , Wang Xueyi , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Zhang Hui , Lu Xi , Lin Yu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForeshock transients can result in significant dynamic pressure perturbations downstream, causing the magnetopause to move locally outward and inward. These near‐magnetopause phenomena in turn generate magnetospheric field‐aligned currents (FACs). FACs driven by solar wind impulses are commonly found to be due to flow vortices, but it remains unclear whether the FACs driven by those localized foreshock transients are contributed by flow vortices or pressure gradients. We report on a fortuitous conjunction between the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, which was observing a foreshock transient at the flank of the bow shock, and the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) mission, immediately downstream of MMS, which was observing magnetopause disturbances arising from that transient. Using observations from the three THEMIS spacecraft to calculate local current density perturbations within the outward motion region of the magnetosphere, we find that flow vortices play a dominant role in generating the current there; the contribution from pressure gradients is one order of magnitude smaller. Using a global hybrid simulation that reproduces the observed foreshock transient perturbations, we traced the simulated FACs generated by the transient's interaction with the magnetopause. We find that in the outward magnetopause motion region the simulated FACs are driven by flow vortices, in agreement with THEMIS observations. Deeper inside the magnetosphere, the faster convection of bipolar flow vortices than the local magnetospheric flow leads to reversal of the simulated FACs. Our results improve our understanding of how foreshock transients disturb and energize the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system.
Seasonally Discrepant Long‐Term Variations of the F2‐Layer Due To Geomagnetic Activity and Modulation to Linear Trend
Authors: Chen Yiding , Liu Libo , Le Huijun , Zhang Hui , Zhang Ruilong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIonospheric long‐term variation has attracted wide attention since the upper atmosphere cooling due to increasing greenhouse gas was suggested. Observations of the lower ionosphere have indicated that cooling effect, whereas the F2 layer long‐term variation still remains controversial as multiple driving sources may cause it. It is crucial for investigating the F2 layer long‐term variation to distinguish contributions of different sources. foF2 records covering both long‐term increasing and decreasing phases of geomagnetic activity were selected for this study. foF2 long‐term component related to those increasing and decreasing phases is separable from the linear trend due to increasing greenhouse gas; it was identified and investigated. Geomagnetic activity induced long‐term component was found to be seasonally discrepant. With long‐term increasing geomagnetic activity, foF2 increases in winter while decreases in summer at middle and low latitudes; it decreases at higher latitudes while turns to increases with decreasing latitudes in equinox. In addition to the geomagnetic activity induced component, the linear component is dominated by long‐term decreasing trend, which is in line with the increasing greenhouse gas. Long‐term evolution of frequent weak geomagnetic activity was suggested to be primarily responsible for the seasonally discrepant long‐term variation of foF2 related to geomagnetic activity; it may change thermospheric composition by modulating average circulation. Moreover, geomagnetic activity has a decreasing trend as a whole. That may lead to misleading correlation between foF2 long‐term variation and geomagnetic activity if linear trend is dominant, and cause significant deviation when estimating greenhouse gas related decreasing trend using linear regression.
Seismic Fault Slip Behavior Predicted From Internal Microphysical Processes
Authors: Chen Jianye , Niemeijer Andre R. , Spiers Christopher J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEarthquake simulation and hazard prediction are strongly hampered by insufficient physical knowledge of the constitutive behavior of faults. Laboratory studies of carbonate fault friction suggest that seismogenic rupture on faults in carbonate terrains can be explained by a transition from high friction at low initial sliding velocities (V) to low friction at seismic slip velocities, that is, by rapid dynamic weakening. One proposed explanation for this weakening, invokes frictional heating resulting in deformation by grain boundary sliding accommodated by solid‐state diffusion (sometimes referred to as “viscous” or “superplastic” flow). We recently added this dynamic weakening mechanism to a microphysically based model addressing the (rate‐and‐state) frictional behavior of granular gouges undergoing low V shear characteristic of rupture nucleation and arrest. In the present study, we applied the full model to simulate seismic slip in laboratory carbonate faults. Assuming that slip localizes in a principal shear band within the fault (gouge) zone, and accounting for grain size evolution with velocity and temperature, the model reproduces the frictional, thermal and (micro‐)structural evolution observed during seismic slip experiments. In particular, it predicts spatial and temporal evolutions of grain size, porosity, and dominant deformation mechanisms, within and outside the assumed shear band, consistent with trends identified in the laboratory and natural fault zones.
Micromechanics and Strain Localization in Sand in the Ductile Regime
Authors: Shahin G. , Hurley R. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCritical processes including seismic faulting, reservoir compartmentalization, and borehole failure involve high‐pressure mechanical behavior and strain localization of sedimentary rocks such as sandstone. Sand is often used as a model material to study the mechanical behavior of poorly lithified sandstone. Recent studies exploring the multi‐scale mechanics of sand have characterized the brittle, low‐pressure regime of behavior; however, limited work has provided insights into the ductile, high‐pressure regime of behavior via in‐situ measurements. Critical features of the ductile regime, including grain breakage, grain micromechanics, and volumetric strain behavior therefore remain under‐explored. Here, we use a new high‐pressure triaxial apparatus with in‐situ x‐ray tomography to provide new insights into deformation banding, grain breakage, and grain micromechanics in Ottawa sand subjected to triaxial compression under confining pressures between 10 and 45 MPa. We observed strain‐hardening at pressures above 15 MPa and strain‐neutral responses at pressures below 15 MPa. Compacting shear bands and grain breakage were observed at all pressures with no significant variation due to grain size, except for minor increases in breakage in less‐rounded sands. Grain breakage emerged at stress levels lower than the assumed yield threshold and more intense breakage was associated with thinner deformation bands. Contact sliding at inter‐grain contacts demonstrated a bifurcation into a bimodal distribution, with intense sliding within deformation bands and reduced but non‐negligible sliding outside of deformation bands, suggesting that off‐band zones remain mechanically active during strain hardening.
Interannual Variability of the 12‐hr Tide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere in 15 Years of Meteor‐Radar Observations Over Rothera (68°S, 68°W)
Authors: Dempsey Shaun M. , Noble Phoebe E. , Wright Corwin J. , Mitchell Nicholas J. , Moffat‐Griffin Tracy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe solar tides of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) show great variability on time scales of days to years, with significant variability at interannual time scales. However, the nature and causes of this variability remain poorly understood. Here, we present measurements made over the interval 2005–2020 of the interannual variability of the 12‐hr tide as measured at heights of 80–100 km by a meteor radar over Rothera (68°S, 68°W). We use a linear regression analysis to investigate correlations between the 12‐hr tidal amplitudes and several climate indices, specifically the solar cycle (as measured by F10.7 solar flux), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 10 and 30 hPa and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Our observations reveal that the 12‐hr tide has a large amplitude and a clearly defined seasonal cycle with monthly mean values as large as 35 m s−1. We observe substantial interannual variability, with monthly mean 12‐hr tidal amplitudes at 95 km exhibiting a two standard‐deviation range (2σ) in spring of 13.4 m s−1, 11.2 m s−1 in summer, 18.6 m s−1 in autumn, and 7.0 m s−1 in winter. We find that F10.7, QBO10, QBO30, and SAM all have significant correlations to the 12‐hr tidal amplitudes at the 95% level, with a linear trend also present. Whereas we detect very minimal correlation with ENSO. These results suggest that variations in F10.7, the QBO and SAM may contribute significantly to the interannual variability of 12‐hr tidal amplitudes in the Antarctic MLT.
Bi‐Linear Laws Govern the Impacts of Debris Flows, Debris Avalanches, and Rock Avalanches on Flexible Barrier
Authors: Kong Yong , Guan Mingfu , Li Xingyue , Zhao Jidong , Yan Haochen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGeophysical mass flows impacting flexible barriers can create complex flow patterns and multiway solid‐fluid‐structure interactions, wherein estimates of impact loads rely predominantly on analytical or simplified solutions. However, an examination of the fundamental relations, applicability, and underlying mechanisms of these solutions has been so far elusive. Here, using a coupled continuum‐discrete method, we systematically examine the physical laws of multiphase, multiway interactions between geophysical flows of variable natures, and a permeable flexible ring net barrier system. This model well captures the essential physics observed in experiments and field investigations. Our results reveal for the first time that unified bi‐linear laws underpin widely used analytical and simplified solutions, with inflection points caused by the transitions from trapezoid‐shaped to triangle‐shaped dead zones. Specifically, the peak impact load increases bi‐linearly with increasing Froude number, peak cable force, or maximum barrier deformation. Flow materials (wet vs. dry) and impact dynamics (slow vs. fast) jointly drive the patterns of identified bi‐linear correlations. These findings offer a physics‐based, significant improvement over existing solutions to impact problems for geophysical flows.