bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical evaluation of enhanced green infrastructures for mitigating urban heat in a desert urban setting
Authors: Mohammed Afifa , Khan Ansar , Santamouris Mattheos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cities of desert climates are anticipated to recognize a synergy of urban heat island (UHI) and severe heat waves during summertime. To improve the urban thermal environment, the present study aims quantitatively explore a strategically designed network of vegetation patches called green infrastructure (GI) in subtropical desert cities such as Dubai. To achieve a more comfortable temperature environment, we built and simulated four GI situations with higher GI fractions, GI25, GI50, GI75, and GI100. Using a mesoscale urban model, the mosaic approach is utilized to test potential thermal improvement and urban climate impact, and a portion of each urban grid cell in the model domain is altered with various species of urban vegetation patches by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The daily peak reduction in ambient temperature at 17:00LT is similar to 0.0168 °C per unit of GI increase when compared to the untreated scenario; however, the maximum anticipated daytime summer temperature decline for GI25, GI50, GI75, and GI100 is 0.6 °C, 1.1 °C, 1.4 °C, and 1.7 °C, respectively. The associated reduction in nighttime ambient temperature per unit increase in the GI is 0.0432 °C, with a maximum temperature drop of around 2.4 °C for the GI100 scenario. Increased GI reduces the height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) by up to 468 m, which might lead to greater pollution concentrations. While GI-based cooling has a significant influence on delayed sea breeze and humidity, it may raise the risk of heat discomfort in the indoor building environment. This study adds to our understanding of the potential for GI mitigation as well as the seasonal impact of developing GIs on the desert urban boundary layer.
Differences in Olivo-Cerebellar Circuit and Cerebellar Network Connectivity in Essential Tremor: a Resting State fMRI Study
Authors: Sharifi Sarvi , Buijink Arthur W. G. , Luft Frauke , Scheijbeler Elliz P. , Potters Wouter V. , van Wingen Guido , Heida Tjitske , Bour Lo J. , van Rootselaar Anne-Fleur 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The olivo-cerebellar circuit is thought to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET). Whether olivo-cerebellar circuit dysfunction is also present at rest, in the absence of clinical tremor and linked voluntary movement, remains unclear. Assessing this network in detail with fMRI is challenging, considering the brainstem is close to major arteries and pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid–filled spaces obscuring signals of interest. Here, we used methods tailored to the analysis of infratentorial structures. We hypothesize that the olivo-cerebellar circuit shows altered intra-network connectivity at rest and decreased functional coupling with other parts of the motor network in ET. In 17 ET patients and 19 healthy controls, we investigated using resting state fMRI intracerebellar functional and effective connectivity on a dedicated cerebellar atlas. With independent component analysis, we investigated data-driven cerebellar motor network activations during rest. Finally, whole-brain connectivity of cerebellar motor structures was investigated using identified components. In ET, olivo-cerebellar pathways show decreased functional connectivity compared with healthy controls. Effective connectivity analysis showed an increased inhibitory influence of the dentate nucleus towards the inferior olive. Cerebellar independent component analyses showed motor resting state networks are less strongly connected to the cerebral cortex compared to controls. Our results indicate the olivo-cerebellar circuit to be affected at rest. Also, the cerebellum is “disconnected” from the rest of the motor network. Aberrant activity, generated within the olivo-cerebellar circuit could, during action, spread towards other parts of the motor circuit and potentially underlie the characteristic tremor of this patient group.
Benefits of Preconditioning Cattle under Stochastic Feedlot Performance
Authors: Verteramo Chiu Leslie J. , Tauer Loren W. , Kaniyamattam Karun , Lhermie Guillaume , Gröhn Yrjo T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPreconditioning cattle, a management practice of preparing cattle for feedlots as well as following a vaccination protocol for common diseases, has been shown to add value to cattle by reducing disease incidence and severity, yet it is not universally adopted. We estimated the benefits to a beef system of preconditioning weaned calves versus not preconditioning under stochastic returns. Purchasing preconditioned calves makes economic sense, but market efficiency requires complete information of the health status of the cattle, feedlot performance, along with the right market mechanisms, which may not be available in all markets.
La détermination de l’objet du différend et la compétence ratione materiae dans le contentieux des mesures conservatoires devant la Cour internationale de Justice
Authors: KONE AMARA 
Published: October 2022

RésuméCet article s’efforce de démontrer que la détermination de l’objet du différend par la Cour internationale de Justice (CIJ) est une constante dans l’appréciation de sa compétence ratione materiae dans le contentieux des mesures conservatoires. D’une part, l’objet du différend fonde la compétence ratione materiae de l’organe judiciaire principal de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), à travers la clause compromissoire contenue dans le traité liant les parties au différend, et d’autre part, cette compétence conditionne la détermination de l’objet du différend. L’influence réciproque des deux notions en fait des notions clefs du contentieux des mesures conservatoires devant la CIJ. Par ailleurs, l’interprétation de son pouvoir d’indication des mesures conservatoires au titre de l’article 41, paragraphe 1, du Statut de la Cour internationale de Justice confère à la cour la possibilité d’en indiquer aux fins de non-aggravation du différend, dont le sens et la portée soulèvent de sérieuses interrogations. Au-delà des questionnements portant sur leur possible “déconnection” de l’objet du différend et de la fonction des mesures conservatoires, les mesures conservatoires indiquées aux fins de non-aggravation du différend participeraient d’une certaine manière des buts et principes de l’ONU et plus précisément du maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales.
Process considerations for Product Lifecycle Management implementation for high-value Engineering-to-Order programmes
Authors: McKendry Daniel A. , Whitfield Robert I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the process considerations contained within the first ever framework for implementing Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) within high-value Engineering-to-Order (ETO) programmes. The scientific contribution of the research is the identification of the process-oriented factors that are instrumental in the successful implementation of PLM within an ETO context. The framework has been developed using a qualitative methodology based on the thematic analysis of 27 semi-structured interviews. The participants were senior personnel from 11 ETO organisations in the United Kingdom, France, Australia, the United States and Canada. The thematic analysis resulted in framework themes described in relation to the process objectives, challenges or enablers, and the contributing elements of the themes were then synthesised to illustrate their interconnectedness in supporting PLM implementation. Validation of the framework using 19 participants selected from seven ETO organisations resulted in 95% agreement with statements that assessed the quality, structure and versatility of the framework. This research contributed to the updated BAE Systems Maritime Naval Ships PLM strategy for the design, build and in-service support for the First of Class new generation Royal Navy vessel for a recent shipbuilding programme.
Euler continuants in noncommutative quasi-Poisson geometry
Authors: Fairon Maxime , Fernández David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIt was established by Boalch that Euler continuants arise as Lie group valued moment maps for a class of wild character varieties described as moduli spaces of points on$\mathbb {P}^1$by Sibuya. Furthermore, Boalch noticed that these varieties are multiplicative analogues of certain Nakajima quiver varieties originally introduced by Calabi, which are attached to the quiver$\Gamma _n$on two vertices andnequioriented arrows. In this article, we go a step further by unveiling that the Sibuya varieties can be understood using noncommutative quasi-Poisson geometry modelled on the quiver$\Gamma _n$. We prove that the Poisson structure carried by these varieties is induced, via the Kontsevich–Rosenberg principle, by an explicit Hamiltonian double quasi-Poisson algebra defined at the level of the quiver$\Gamma _n$such that its noncommutative multiplicative moment map is given in terms of Euler continuants. This result generalises the Hamiltonian double quasi-Poisson algebra associated with the quiver$\Gamma _1$by Van den Bergh. Moreover, using the method of fusion, we prove that the Hamiltonian double quasi-Poisson algebra attached to$\Gamma _n$admits a factorisation in terms ofncopies of the algebra attached to$\Gamma _1$.
Dietary supplement use in Greece: methodology and findings from the National Health and Nutrition Survey – HYDRIA (2013–2014)
Authors: Kanellou Anastasia , Papatesta Eleni Maria , Martimianaki Georgia , Peppa Eleni , Stratou Maria , Trichopoulou Antonia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of dietary supplements (DS) is increasing worldwide. There is limited evidence of their intake level and mode of consumption in association with the Greek population’s dietary and lifestyle habits. Adults (n 4011, 1873 males and 2138 females) aged > 18 years old living in Greece were included in the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey – HYDRIA. A dietary supplement user (DSU) was defined as anyone who reported one or more DS on either a Food Propensity Questionnaire, two 24-h dietary recalls, or a questionnaire completed during the blood sample collection examination. DS use was examined according to socio-economic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics and the participants’ health and dietary status. DS use was reported by 31 % of the population (40 % women and 22 % men), and it was higher among individuals living in urban areas, men with good self-reported health status and women with a chronic medical condition and higher consumption of fruits. The types of DS more frequently reported were multivitamins with minerals (5·4 %), Ca (5·3 %), multivitamins (4·7 %) and Fe (4·6 %). MVM supplements were preferred by men, while Ca was more frequently reported by women and participants with low education levels. Plant- and oil-based supplement use was below 5 %. Whether DS intake benefits health must be explored. It should also be assessed if dietary supplement intake is as efficient as food intake.
Estimation and predictors of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank
Authors: Schuchardt Jan Philipp , Tintle Nathan , Westra Jason , Harris William S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInformation on the Omega-3 Index (O3I) in the United Kingdom (UK) is scarce. The UK-Biobank (UKBB) contains data on total plasma n3-PUFA% and DHA% measured by NMR. The aim of our study was to create an equation to estimate the O3I (eO3I) from these data. We first performed an inter-laboratory experiment with 250 random blood samples in which the O3I was measured in erythrocytes by GC, and total n3 % and DHA% were measured in plasma by NMR. The best predictor of eO3I included both DHA% and a derived metric, the total n3 %–DHA%. Together these explained 65 % of the variability (r = 0·832, P < 0·0001). We then estimated the O3I in 117 108 UKBB subjects and correlated it with demographic and lifestyle variables in multivariable-adjusted models. The mean eO3I was 5·58 % (sd 2·35 %) in this UKBB cohort. Several predictors were significantly correlated with eO3I (all P < 0·0001). In general order of impact and with directionality (–, inverse and +, direct): oily-fish consumption (+), fish oil supplement use (+), female sex (+), older age (+), alcohol use (+), smoking (–), higher waist circumference and BMI (–), lower socioeconomic status and less education (–). Only 20·5 % of eO3I variability could be explained by predictors investigated, and oily fish consumption accounted for 7·0 % of that. With the availability of the eO3I in the UKBB cohort, we will be in a position to link risk for a variety of diseases with this commonly used and well-documented marker of n3-PUFA biostatus.
Drivers of farmer involvement in experimental forage trials in the Peruvian Andes and implications for participatory research design
Authors: Caulfield Mark E. , Vanek Steven J. , Meza Katherin , Huaraca Jhon , Loayza Jose Luis , Palomino Samuel , Olivera Edgar , Ccanto Raul , Scurrah Maria , Vigil Lionel , Fonte Steven J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study analyses the experience and response of farmers within a multi-year collaborative research trial focused on the development of forage-based fallows in eight communities in the central Peruvian Andes. Quantitative data from a rural household survey were used to characterize farming household socioeconomic factors, livelihood strategies and soil and crop management practices of community members belonging to four participation groups with respect to the trials: 1) current participants near the end of the trial; 2.) those who participated early on, but dropped the trials after the first year; 3) those who participated in meetings but not directly in experiments; and 4) those who never participated meaningfully in the process. Furthermore, qualitative interviews of farmers in the four groups were used to examine trends and questions arising from the quantitative survey findings. Analysis of this mixed-methods dataset showed that better resource-endowed households (in terms of human and social capital, more livestock assets, higher levels of farm value production and income, and farm inputs) tended to be more likely to participate compared to households with lower levels of these variables. Our findings suggest that the differences in resource endowment among participation group households may be related to household life cycles, where access to resources change over time, reflecting the changing demography of a household. It was established that farm households with intermediate-age children, that is near the middle of a farm life cycle trajectory, are those with the most wherewithal to participate in trials and likely serve as examples and test cases for other farms with younger parents or older farmers with children moved away. Follow-up interviews indicated that farming households at either end of the farm life cycle trajectory may be using a ‘wait-and-see’ approach to the trials carried out by their neighbours who have more labour and other resources to deploy. In light of these findings, we suggest that participatory research should aim to ensure that the voices, challenges and opportunities of Non-participants are represented in the research process and experimental design. Additionally, greater consideration should be placed on understanding management by context issues in order to better target potential farming innovations such as improved fallows, at multiple levels, from the field to the household and to the community and beyond.
Compensatory Layering and the Birth of the Multipurpose Multilateral IGO in the Americas
Authors: Long Tom , Schulz Carsten-Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInternational organizations come in many shapes and sizes. Within this institutional gamut, the multipurpose multilateral intergovernmental organization (MMIGO) plays a central role. This institutional form is often traced to the creation of the League of Nations, but in fact the first MMIGO emerged in the Western Hemisphere at the close of the nineteenth century. Originally modeled on a single-issue European public international union, the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics evolved into the multipurpose, multilateral Pan American Union (PAU). Contrary to prominent explanations of institutional genesis, the PAU's design did not result from functional needs nor from the blueprints of a hegemonic power. Advancing a recent synthesis between historical and rational institutionalism, we argue that the first MMIGO arose through a process of compensatory layering: a mechanism whereby a sequence of bargains over control and scope leads to gradual but transformative institutional change. We expect compensatory layering to occur when an organization is focal, power asymmetries among members of that organization are large, and preferences over institutional design diverge. Our empirical and theoretical contributions demonstrate the value a more global international relations (IR) perspective can bring to the study of institutional design. international relations (IR) scholars have long noted that international organizations provide smaller states with voice opportunities; our account suggests those spaces may be of smaller states’ own making.
Institutions and the politics of agency in COVID-19 response: Federalism, executive power, and public health policy in Brazil, India, and the U.S.
Authors: GREER SCOTT L. , FONSECA ELIZE MASSARD , RAJ MINAKSHI , WILLISON CHARLEY E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 was one of the rare events that shocked almost every world government simultaneously, thus creating an unusual opportunity to understand how political institutions shape policy decisions. There have been many analyses of what governments did. We focus instead on what they could do, focusing on the institutional politics of agency – how institutions empower rather than how they constrain, and how they affect public policy decisions. We examine public health measures in the first wave (March-September 2020) in Brazil, India, and the U.S. to understand how the interplay of institutions in a complex federal context shaped COVID-19 policy-responses. We find similar patterns of concentrated federal executive agency with limited constraints. In each case, when federal leadership failed public health policy responses, federated, subnational states were left to compensate for these inefficiencies without necessary resources.
Integrated sliding mode control with input restriction, output feedback and repetitive learning for space robot with flexible-base, flexible-link and flexible-joint
Authors: Fu Xiaodong , Ai Haiping , Chen Li 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the control of space robots, flexible vibrations exist in the base, links and joints. When building a motion control scheme, the following three aspects should be considered: (1) the complexity in dynamic modeling; (2) the low accuracy of motion control and (3) the simultaneous suppression of multiple flexible vibrations. In this paper, we propose a motion vibration integrated saturation control scheme. First, the dynamic model of space robot with flexible-base, flexible-link and flexible-joint is established according to the assumed modes method and Lagrange equation. Second, singular perturbation theory is used to decompose the model into two subsystems: a slow subsystem containing the rigid motions of base and joints as well as the vibration of links, and a fast subsystem containing vibrations of base and joints. Third, an integrated sliding mode control with input restriction, output feedback and repetitive learning (ISMC-IOR) is designed, which can track the desired trajectories of base and joints with −3 orders of magnitude accuracy, while suppressing the multiple flexible vibrations of base, links and joints 50%–80% and 37% performance improvement over ISMC-IOR-NV were achieved. Finally, the algorithm is verified by simulations.
Second language productive knowledge of collocations: Does knowledge of individual words matter?
Authors: Sonbul Suhad , El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Masrai Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies suggest that developing L2 receptive knowledge of single words is associated with increased receptive knowledge of collocations. However, no study to date has directly examined the interrelationship between productive word knowledge and productive collocation knowledge. To address this gap, the present study administered a controlled productive word test and a controlled productive collocation test to 27 native English speakers and 55 nonnative speakers (L1-Arabic). The tests assessed word and collocation knowledge of the most frequent 3,000 lemmas in English (1K, 2K, and 3K frequency bands). The test scores were analyzed using three mixed-effects models for the following outcome variables: collocation appropriacy, collocation frequency, and collocation strength. Results revealed productive word knowledge as a significant predictor of productive collocation knowledge, though with a small effect. This association was omnipresent regardless of frequency band. We discuss implications of these findings for L2 learning and teaching.
Determining Vaccine Justice in the Time of COVID-19: A Democratic Perspective
Authors: Tanasoca Ana , Dryzek John S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat does vaccine justice require at the domestic and global levels? In this essay, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a backdrop, we argue that deliberative-democratic participation is needed to answer this question. To be effective on the ground, abstract principles of vaccine justice need to be further specified through policy. Any vaccination strategy needs to find ways to prioritize conflicting moral claims to vaccine allocation, clarify the grounds on which low-risk people are being asked to vaccinate, and reach a balance between special duties toward countrymen and universal duties toward foreigners. Reasonable moral disagreement on these questions is bound to exist in any community. But such disagreement threatens to undermine vaccine justice insofar as the chosen vaccination strategy (and its proposed specification of vaccine justice) lacks public justification. Inclusive democratic deliberation about vaccine justice is a good mechanism for tackling such moral disagreement. By allowing residents and citizens to participate in the specification of abstract principles of vaccine justice, and their translation into policy, democratic deliberation can enhance the legitimacy of any vaccination strategy and boost compliance with it.
Ukraine, Intervention, and the Post-Liberal Order
Authors: Pattison James 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe conflict in Ukraine indicates some of the features of a potential post-liberal order and raises several potential ethical issues that may arise for international interventions as the world changes. What types of interventions, if any, are justifiable in response to situations such as the one in Ukraine? Can interventions be permissible given the potential undermining of universalist claims that are often used to support them? How should states prioritize between situations if there is an even greater number of global challenges in a post-liberal order? Three new books—Solferino 21 by Hugo Slim, Decolonizing Human Rights by Abdullahi Ahmed An-Naim, and Promoting Justice across Borders by Lucia Rafanelli—can help to navigate these questions. Drawing on their insights, this essay argues that reform interventions can be justified to defend the liberal international order, that intervention can be defended from a relativist basis, and that socioeconomic rights should be given greater priority.