bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base amongst different populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zahedi Farah Dayana , Yaacob Najib Majdi , Wang De Yun , Abdullah Baharudin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the anatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base amongst populations in different geographical regions.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsUsing PRISMA guidelines, SCOPUS and PUBMED databases were searched from inception until 1 March 2022. The regions and populations identified were from Europe, Asia, Middle East, Australia‐New Zealand‐Oceania, South America, North America and Africa. Random‐effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran's Q test.Main outcome measuresAnatomical variations of the lateral nasal wall and anterior skull base confirmed by computed tomography scan.ResultsFifty‐six articles were included with a total of 11 805 persons. The most common anatomical variation of the ostiomeatal complex was pneumatization of the agger nasi (84.1%), olfactory fossa was Keros type 2 (53.8%) and ethmoids was asymmetry of the roof (42.8%). Sphenoethmoidal and suprabullar cells have a higher prevalence in North Americans (53.7%, 95% CI: 46.00–61.33) while asymmetry of ethmoid roof more common in Middle Easterns (85.5%, 95% CI: .00–100). Bent uncinate process has greater prevalence in Asians while supraorbital ethmoid cells and Keros type 3 more common in non‐Asians. The overall studies have substantial heterogeneity and publication bias.ConclusionCertain anatomic variants are more common in a specific population. The ‘approach of analysis’ plays a role in the prevalence estimates and consensus should be made in future studies regarding the most appropriate ‘approach of analysis’ either by persons or by sides.
Hypoglycaemia events with iGlarLixi versus premix biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in people with type 2 diabetes advancing from basal insulin: An analysis of the SoliMix trial
Authors: McCrimmon Rory J. , Home Philip , Cheng Alice , Giorgino Francesco , Fonseca Vivian , Souhami Elisabeth , Alvarez Agustina , Picard Pascaline , Rosenstock Julio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore details of the incidence and rates of daytime and nocturnal hypoglycaemia, levels of hypoglycaemia, and relationship to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), when comparing iGlarLixi versus premixed biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in the SoliMix randomized controlled trial.Materials and MethodsThis exploratory analysis of SoliMix used logistic regression and negative binomial regression analyses to assess between‐treatment differences in the incidence and rates of hypoglycaemia by time of day. A negative binomial model was used to derive estimated annualized hypoglycaemia rates as a function of HbA1c.ResultsiGlarLixi was associated with lower incidence and rates of American Diabetes Association Level 2 (<54 mg/dL [<3.0 mmol/L]) hypoglycaemia during both night and day versus BIAsp 30. Incidence and rates of Level 1 (<70 to ≥54 mg/dL [<3.9 to ≥3.0 mmol/L]) hypoglycaemia were also mostly shown to be reduced with iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30. Severe (Level 3) events were too few for analysis (n = 3). iGlarLixi was associated with lower modelled event rates of Level 2 and Level 1 hypoglycaemia over a wide range of HbA1c levels versus BIAsp 30.ConclusionsThese results show that the lower HbA1c levels and weight benefit seen with iGlarLixi versus premixed BIAsp 30 in people with type 2 diabetes advancing their basal insulin therapy in the SoliMix trial are also accompanied by a lower risk of hypoglycaemia at any time of day and across a broad range of HbA1c levels.
Of Conspiracy and Controversy: A Pedagogy of Conspiracy Theories
Authors: Bezalel Glenn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe growth of academic discussion about teaching controversial topics in the classroom has been matched by parallel studies into conspiracy theories in recent decades. Despite the interdisciplinary interest in the latter, there has been very little discussion of conspiracy theories within educational discourse. This article takes up the discussion of conspiracy theories in the context of educating about controversies in the classroom. In it, Glenn Bezalel argues first that their prevalence in society means that conspiracy theories inevitably come up in the classroom and so teachers need cogent and comprehensive tools to deal with them. Moreover, conspiracy theories also provide important challenges and opportunities for democratic educational aims and related critical thinking skills. Bezalel then uses case studies to demonstrate that the behavioral and political criteria both fail in principle to serve as effective tools for teaching about conspiracy theories in the classroom. He contends instead that the epistemic criterion proves to be a necessary framework for this purpose, although it is insufficient in meeting the singular existential and social challenges that conspiracy theories also entail. Rather, Bezalel proposes that teachers employ virtue theory as well in order to aid teaching and learning about conspiracy theories, with the complementary aim of promoting and developing students' character and intellectual virtues.
Association between perceived self‐confidence and abilities to distinguish oral mucosal lesions amongst dental students
Authors: Braun Liliana Wolf , de Souza Kargwanski Pâmela , Corrêa Ana Paula Borngräber , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Rodrigues Ylana Elias , Martins Manoela Domingues , Carrard Vinicius Coelho 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDentists usually refer to difficulties in performing the diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions. This may be attributed to limited access to theoretical lectures and practical training on this subject along the graduation course. The primary aim of this cross‐sectional study was to verify if there is an association between the perception of time dedicated to lectures/training and oral diagnosis abilities in oral medicine. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association between self‐‐confidence to perform oral mucosal lesions diagnosis and performance in a diagnostic abilities test.Materials and MethodsThe sample comprised 36 final‐year dental students of a South‐Brazilian dental school. The participants answered a questionnaire on their perception of time dedicated to lectures on oral medicine along the course (sufficient or insufficient) and their self‐confidence to diagnose oral mucosal lesions or oral cancer (yes or not). The students were also submitted to a diagnostic abilities test based on 30 clinical photos of oral lesions, which should be classified as benign, potentially malignant or malignant. Moreover, the participants had to inform their clinical impression for each case. Finally, the participants informed their decision making for the case (refer the patient to a specialist or not).ResultsStudents with higher self‐confidence showed a higher percentage of correct answers on classification of the nature of lesions (81.1% vs. 68.5%, p = .03, teste t de Student) and on their clinical impression (66.3% vs. 41.7%, p < .01, Student's t‐test). The perception of time dedicated to theoretical lectures on oral medicine as sufficient did not influence the students’ diagnostic abilities (p > .05, Student's t‐test)ConclusionIt may be concluded that self‐confidence to diagnose oral lesions is associated with dental students’ diagnostic abilities.
Personality traits and income inequalities in self‐rated oral and general health
Authors: Zakershahrak Mehrsa , Brennan David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe association of low income with poor health is widely recognized, but why some low‐income individuals do not experience poor health remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether greater positive personality trait scores modify the association between income and oral and general health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL and HRQoL) among a representative sample of the South Australian population. Cross‐sectional self‐rated questionnaire data from a sample of 3645 adults in 2015–2016 were used for secondary analysis. In four factorial ANOVA models, the main effects, interaction, and effect modification of personality traits [measured using the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)] on the association between income and OHRQoL [measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14)] and HRQoL [measured using the European Quality of Life indicator (EQ‐5D‐3L)] were assessed. In the low‐income group, participants with greater TIPI scale scores had lower means for the OHIP‐14 and the EQ‐5D‐3L (better OHRQoL and HRQoL). Greater emotional stability scores modified the association between low income and HRQoL and OHRQoL. Stronger positive personality traits, such as emotional stability, appear to ameliorate the adverse effect of income inequalities in health.
A simple fracture model for dam concrete based on the Fuller and Thompson formula
Authors: Guan Junfeng , Li Yue , Bai Weifeng , Hao Ying , Yin Yanan , Yang Biao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study presents a simple model for determining the fracture parameters of dam concrete, by introducing the Fuller and Thompson formula for estimating the average aggregate size dav when only the maximum aggregate size dmax is known. The crack propagation mechanism of dam concrete is analyzed at the mesoscopic level. The calculation method of fictitious crack growth length
and characteristic crack length
of dam concrete is also described. A normally distributed fracture model for the variation of fracture toughness KIC and tensile strength ft with dav is proposed for different specimen patterns (wedge splitting, compact tension, and three‐point bending) and different relative sizes. The fracture parameters derived by this model show consistent with the results obtained in the laboratory. The fracture failure curve of a dam concrete is established, and the peak state of a true structure of large size is also predicted satisfying linear elastic fracture.
Study of overloading retardation on fatigue crack propagation behavior in 300M steel
Authors: Zhou Song , Shen Zhen Xin , Wang Lei , An Jinlan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBased on the fatigue life change of 300M landing gear steel due to overload during service, this study innovatively designed four overload modes according to the actual load spectrum of the landing gear. In this study, the application of overload continued until the specimen failed, and the effects of overload ratio, overload type and specimen thickness on the crack propagation behavior of 300M steel were compared and analyzed. The fatigue crack growth rate and fracture morphology of the specimens were characterized and analyzed, and the influence mechanism of the crack growth rate at each stage under different types of overload conditions and the influence of the thickness of the specimen on the overload delay effect were discussed.
River culture: How socio‐ecological linkages to the rhythm of the waters develop, how they are lost, and how they can be regained
Authors: Wantzen Karl Matthias 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe hydrological patterns of all natural water bodies pulse in variable rhythms of high and low water. The biodiversity of these ecosystems is driven by the changing nature of the environment, allowing different life strategies to coexist, e.g., by the fast reuse of nutrients when aquatic biota flourish in the recently wetted zones and vice versa. Much of the human culture in hydroscapes has developed as an adaptation to this rhythm, e.g., by using the flood‐fertilised floodplains for agriculture or fisheries, or by seasonal migration into or out of the floodplain (transhumance). Technological advances have allowed humans to control, change, or even eliminate this natural water rhythm by building dams, dikes, and canals. Consequently, important ecosystem functions fail, often resulting in failure of human life‐support systems but also in the failure and decline of cultural activities. I argue that the loss of socio‐cultural connectivity to the rhythms of rivers and other hydrosystems occurs in four phases: (i) loss of direct relationships (e.g., uses of waterborne resources), (ii) loss of indirect relationships (cultural activities that are connected to theses uses), (iii) turning away from the river/hydrosystem (often caused by decreased water quality), and (iv) total oblivion (caused by removal or burial of the hydrosystem). Reintegrating more riverine rhythms into human life would not mean to step back in time but rather to find a combination of revised traditional ecological knowledge, learning from nature, changing values in the context of use of natural resources, and innovations. This paper draws on social‐environmental aspects of the River Culture Concept – which attempts to reintegrate respect for the pulsing nature of hydrosystems into modern, sustainable management – and on diverse case studies. Examples are presented on how River Culture Concept approaches may contribute to revitalising socio‐ecological linkages to the rhythm of the waters.
Efficacy, safety and bioequivalence of the human‐derived B‐domain‐deleted recombinant factor VIII TQG202 for prophylaxis in severe haemophilia A patients
Authors: Xi Yaming , Jin Chenghao , Liu Wei , Zhou Hu , Wang Zhen , Zhou Rongfu , Lou Shifeng , Zhao Xielan , Chen Fangping , Cheng Peng , Sun Zimin , Jia Haifei , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrent treatment of severe haemophilia A includes prophylaxis with factor VIII (FVIII) replacement. The supply of plasma‐derived FVIII is short in China.PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new B‐domain deleted (BDD) recombinant FVIII (TQG202) produced by human‐derived cells for prophylaxis in severe haemophilia A patients and compare the bioequivalence with Xyntha.MethodsThis multicentre, clinical trial consisted of an open‐label, randomized, two‐period cross‐over trial assessing single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PK), and a single‐arm clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of 24 weeks of TQG202 prophylaxis, and repeated PK were assessed after prophylaxis phase. The single‐dose was 50 IU/kg in PK assessment, and the initial dose was 30 ± 5 IU/kg for prophylaxis. The primary endpoints of prophylaxis were the annualized bleeding rate (ABR) and the incremental recovery rate of the first administration. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐six participants were enrolled in the PK assessment and 81 participants in the prophylaxis phase. Mean age was 25.9 ± 10.8 years and all participants were male. The results of PK assessment showed TQG202 is bioequivalent to Xyntha. The total ABR was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2–2.9) in prophylaxis phase. The mean incremental recovery rate of the first administration was .027 (95% CI: .026–.028) (IU/ml)/(IU/kg). AEs occurred in 42 participants, with an incidence of 51.9%. One severe AE not related to TQG202 occurred. No participants developed FVIII inhibitors.ConclusionTQG202 shows bioequivalence with Xyntha. The promising efficacy and tolerability in the severe haemophilia A prophylaxis support the use of TQG202in clinical practice.
ZrB2‐based solid solution ceramics and their mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Wu Yue , Bao Weichao , Shen Xiao‐Qin , Liu Ji‐Xuan , Qin Yuan , Liang Yongcheng , Xu Fangfang , Zhang Guo‐Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractZirconium diboride ceramics as one of the main members of ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics are capable of being used as structural components at ultrahigh temperatures. Entropy adjusting is a newly developed approach to improving the properties of ceramics. In this work, a series of ZrB2‐based solid solution ceramics with different mixing entropies, formulated (ZrxTiyNbyTay)B2 (x = .25, .85, .925, .9625, 1; x + 3y = 1), were prepared by adjusting the content of other diborides. Diboride solid solution powders were synthesized by boro/carbothermal reduction process and then densified by spark plasma sintering. The results show that the formation of a single‐phase solid solution is independent of the mixing entropy in (ZrxTiyNbyTay)B2 system. The addition of other diborides into ZrB2 is beneficial to reduce the particle size of the synthesized powder and promote the densification process. The dense sintered samples with higher mixing entropy have finer grain size, higher hardness, and modulus. The (Zr0.25Ti0.25Nb0.25Ta0.25)B2 ceramic has the highest hardness of 31 GPa and a modulus of 682 GPa. Severe lattice distortion in samples with higher mixing entropy will result in increased phonon scattering and lower thermal conductivity.
Dual‐career Spanish couples in Europe: Work‐family balance in childcare
Authors: Escriva Angeles , Bermúdez Figueroa Eva , Minguela Mª. Ángeles 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe article explores the childcare arrangements made by Spanish migrants in Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. The research is based on semi‐structured interviews conducted after an exploratory survey. The respondents, mostly women with university degrees, had engaged in intra‐European mobility between the economic recession of 2008 and the health crisis of 2020. In the narratives, women in dual‐career couples with young children reflect on how approaching work‐family balance depends on receiving social, institutional and family support. In addition, gender expectations affect negotiations around the sharing of roles and responsibilities in different‐sex couples. Interviewees underline that the gender divide persists or is even reinforced in relation to employment and technological change. Non‐standard and ‐flexible jobs, little access to services or incompatible teleworking with children at home reveal the fragility of care and welfare regimes and, consequently, the limited ability of couples to find satisfaction in the search for a work–family balance.
Anxiety only makes it worse: Exploring the impact mechanisms of app‐based learning on performance progress
Authors: Li Yuhao , Chang Mengyi , Zhao Hanxuan , Jiang Caihong , Xu Sihua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMobile devices facilitate learning activities in a self‐paced way. However, the current understanding of learning participation and its consequence are minimal when learners take advantage of opportunities provided by mobile technologies worldwide.AimsThe primary purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of environmental incentives on app learning behaviour and learning performance based on a multi‐dimensional approach. We also evaluate whether the role of anxiety attenuates these influences.Method and objectiveIn this study, 323 participants’ learning activities were tracked weekly to measure the completion of their daily learning plan during 16 weeks. Then, an online survey was conducted to assess the environmental incentives, perceptions, and self‐evaluations of these participants after the learning tracking process. Participants’ learning progress was measured by the comparison of paired course test scores before and after the tracking period.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicated that engagement, sense of meaning, and stage accomplishment exerted a directly significant influence on shaping the learning habits and outcomes. In addition, the results also tapped the role of anxiety in the app learning context, indicating the significant moderating effects on the relationship between social incentives, stage accomplishment, and learning habits. The app learning habits of the users with high‐level anxiety exerted less impact on their performance progress than users with low‐level anxiety. This study provides insights into how the mobile environment can influence learning activities and learning performance, implying practical implications to leverage mobile technologies for educational purposes.
CXCR3 isoform A promotes head and neck cancer progression by enhancing stem‐like property and chemoresistance
Authors: Sun Wan‐Hsuan , Peng Ta‐Jung , Tang Shye‐Jye , Lin Jo‐Yu , Wang Chia‐Yi , Fang Hsueh‐Jou , Sun Kuang‐Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe chemokine network orchestrates the cancer stem‐like property and consequently participates in cancer progression. CXCR3 contributes cancer progressive property and immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment. The two major isoforms of CXCR3 are scrutinized and the divergence is showed that CXCR3A promotes cancer cell growth and motility while CXCR3B functions contrarily in many studies. However, rare studies illustrate the role of CXCR3 isoforms in cancer stem‐like property and chemoresistance, especially in head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsLevels of CXCR3, CXCR3B, and Sox2 were determined in HNC tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry staining to explore potential clinical relevance. Lentivirus‐mediated CXCR3‐isoform overexpression with MTS assay, clonogenic assay, transwell migration, sphere formation, and chemo‐drug susceptibility were implemented to investigate the role of CXCR3‐isofoms in HNC.ResultsHigh levels of CXCR3 were significantly associated with advanced stage (p < 0.01), regional lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05), and poor differentiation (p < 0.005) and further correlated with worse survival rate in oral cancer patients (p = 0.036). Higher levels of CXCR3B were found in regional lymphatic invasion of HNC and progressive stage of squamous cell carcinoma. Elevated Sox2 expression was significantly associated with the advanced stage of HNC in the oral cavity, and demonstrated a co‐expression pattern with CXCR3B. Furthermore, lentivirus‐mediated overexpression of CXCR3A and CXCR3B in SAS human oral cancer cells promoted cell mobility. CXCR3A overexpression enhanced sphere‐forming ability and chemoresistance of CSCs by upregulating stemness‐related genes.ConclusionThis study first provides a novel insight of CXCR3 isoform A in HNC cancer progression via regulating cancer stem‐like properties and chemoresistance, suggesting that CXCR3A may be a prognostic marker and novel target for HNC therapy.