bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of social relationships and activities on the health of adults with obesity: A qualitative study
Authors: Serrano‐Fuentes Nestor , Rogers Anne , Portillo Mari Carmen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundObesity in adults is a leading health challenge that causes millions of deaths worldwide and represents a risk factor for developing long‐term conditions. Social relationships are one of the multiple drivers shaping obesity and obesity‐related practices. However, there is still little evidence as to the processes by which relationships influence the adoption of positive and negative obesity health‐related practices—eating, physical activity and alcohol intake. This study aims first to identify the types of relationships relevant to the adoption of practices in adults with obesity and, second, to explore the type of activities these relationships engage with or promote to produce those practices and their potential health consequences.MethodsNineteen adults who have or had a history of obesity living in the United Kingdom were interviewed between May 2020 and March 2021. Experiences were explored through semi‐structured interviews and network mapping via videoconferencing. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic phenomenology informed thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) everyday familial routines matter, (2) chasing healthier lifestyles: comparing, modelling and connecting emotionally with friends and (3) healthcare professionals as negative influencers.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings show how different types of relationships might shape the risk of developing and losing weight. They uncover the power of informal networks (family and friends) and highlight the potentially negative impact of formal ones (healthcare professionals). Our exploration could add to arguments about the need for stakeholders confronting obesity to be aware of the relevance of everyday social relationships in health and well‐being strategies for tackling the issue, in creating collective and individual person‐centred long‐term sustainable actions.Patient and Public ContributionFeedback on the tone/content of the interview questions was provided by the two first participants. The results were checked and received feedback from one of the interviewees.
Tumor shrinkage patterns of nivolumab monotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hamada Kosuke , Fujiwara Ryo , Takemura Kosuke , Komai Yoshinobu , Oguchi Tomohiko , Numao Noboru , Yamamoto Shinya , Yonese Junji , Yuasa Takeshi 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the tumor shrinkage patterns of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab monotherapy.MethodsForty‐four consecutive patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab monotherapy (81 metastatic and four primary lesions) between September 2013 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The tumor shrinkage rate of individual visceral and lymph node metastatic lesions and the primary site lesions treated with nivolumab monotherapy, as well as the association between overall survival and pretreatment tumor size, were statistically assessed.ResultsPretreatment tumor size for the total and individual target lesions, which included kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and lymph nodes, were not correlated with tumor shrinkage rate. The tumor shrinkage rate was found to have no significant association with pretreatment tumor size between any organ. In addition, there is no significant difference in tumor shrinkage rate between larger (>median value) and smaller (<median value) pretreatment tumor size in any organ. Finally, there was no significant difference in overall survival between larger and smaller pretreatment tumor size.ConclusionsPretreatment tumor size was not associated with the tumor shrinkage rate and overall survival in nivolumab monotherapy.
Kidney impairment and outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Nagaraja Nandakumar , Farooqui Amreen , Ballur Narayana Reddy Varalakshmi , Shukla Ashutosh M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of stroke and mortality.AimsTo evaluate the clinical and imaging features and outcomes of patients with and without kidney impairment among t admitted for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).MethodsAIS patients with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in the study. Kidney impairment was defined by an admission estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were evaluated using the Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale and Fazekas scales, respectively. Primary outcomes were defined by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and discharge disposition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with the presence of kidney impairment and poor discharge outcomes.ResultsOf the 285 patients with AIS, 80 had kidney impairment on admission. Patients with kidney impairment were older (mean age ± standard deviation: 74.7 ± 12.9 vs 64.4 ± 13.8 years, P < 0.0001) and had more neurological deficits on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (median 8.5 vs 5, P = 0.02). In unadjusted analysis, patients with kidney impairment were less likely to have a good functional outcome (mRS 0–2: 36% vs 57%, P = 0.002) and good discharge outcome (home or inpatient rehabilitation: 68% vs 82%, P = 0.008). On multivariate analysis, kidney impairment was associated with higher NIHSS score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.002–1.08) and severe WMH (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.06–3.77) suggestive of small vessel disease, but kidney impairment was not associated with poor discharge outcome (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 0.75–3.53).ConclusionPresence of kidney impairment at the time of stroke presentation, regardless of previous renal function, is associated with more neurological deficits and severe WMH on MRI.
Effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the development of disability and mortality among middle‐aged Japanese adults: A 22‐year follow up of NIPPON DATA90
Authors: Tran Ngoc Hoang Phap , Kadota Aya , Yano Yuichiro , Harada Akiko , Hayakawa Takehito , Okamoto Shohei , Miyagawa Naoko , Kondo Keiko , Okukda Nagako , Kita Yoshiuni , Okayama Akira , Fujita Yukihiro , Maegawa Hiroshi , Miura Katsuyuki , Okamura Tomonori , Ueshima Hirotsugu ,   NIPPON DATA90 Research Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo examine the association between diabetes and prediabetes at baseline, and disability, mortality over a 22‐year period among middle‐aged Japanese adults.Materials and MethodsParticipants consisted of 1,788 adults aged 45–64 years at baseline from the cohort study National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non‐communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged 1990 (NIPPON DATA90). Disability, defined as having a decline in activities of daily living (ADL), was assessed by a modified Katz questionnaire at four time points. Disability and death without disability for 22‐year follow up were used as outcomes to test the association with a diagnosis of diabetes or prediabetes at baseline, using multinomial logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained from four models that contained appropriate adjustment factors, such as age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, triglycerides, low serum high‐density lipoprotein), at baseline.ResultsIn the present study, 334 participants (18.7%) reported at least one disability, and 350 (19.6%) were reported dead without observation of disability during follow up. Adjusting sex and other risk factors, participants with diabetes and prediabetes had a higher risk for disability (OR 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.91 and OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.10–2.50, respectively) and for mortality (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.08 and OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.18–2.65, respectively) than individuals with normal glucose tolerance.ConclusionsIn middle‐aged Japanese adults, individuals with diabetes and prediabetes were more likely to be associated with disability and mortality. Our findings suggest that prediabetes and diabetes in middle‐aged adults should be paid more attention, and requires more intervention to prevent disability and mortality in later life.
Neuroimaging in cerebellar ataxia in childhood: A review
Authors: Serrallach Bettina L. , Orman Gunes , Boltshauser Eugen , Hackenberg Annette , Desai Nilesh K. , Kralik Stephen F. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAtaxia is one of the most common pediatric movement disorders and can be caused by a large number of congenital and acquired diseases affecting the cerebellum or the vestibular or sensory system. It is mainly characterized by gait abnormalities, dysmetria, intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria, and nystagmus. In young children, ataxia may manifest as the inability or refusal to walk. The diagnostic approach begins with a careful clinical history including the temporal evolution of ataxia and the inquiry of additional symptoms, is followed by a meticulous physical examination, and, depending on the results, is complemented by laboratory assays, electroencephalography, nerve conduction velocity, lumbar puncture, toxicology screening, genetic testing, and neuroimaging. Neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in either providing the final diagnosis, narrowing the differential diagnosis, or planning targeted further workup. In this review, we will focus on the most common form of ataxia in childhood, cerebellar ataxia (CA). We will discuss and summarize the neuroimaging findings of either the most common or the most important causes of CA in childhood or present causes of pediatric CA with pathognomonic findings on MRI. The various pediatric CAs will be categorized and presented according to (a) the cause of ataxia (acquired/disruptive vs. inherited/genetic) and (b) the temporal evolution of symptoms (acute/subacute, chronic, progressive, nonprogressive, and recurrent). In addition, several illustrative cases with their key imaging findings will be presented.
Influenza vaccine administration in a paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Elia Sonja , Moore Yvette , Duke Trevor , Crawford Nigel W , Tosif Shidan 
Published: June 2022

AimWe describe the clinical profile of children and outcomes of influenza immunisation for patients in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).MethodsOver two influenza seasons: 19/04/2018 to 07/08/2018 and 02/05/2019 to 10/10/2019, an immunisation nurse and PICU nurse coordinator met weekly and identified patients to receive the influenza vaccine. An inpatient list of PICU patients was screened for eligible patients: greater than 6 months of age, did not have imminent procedures (e.g. surgery) or were not critically unwell, as determined by the treating team, to receive the influenza vaccine. Patients were excluded if they had undergone surgery in the previous 24 hours or were being treated palliatively.ResultsSixty patients in PICU were identified, with 43% (26/60) receiving the vaccine while in PICU and 17% (10/60) once discharged from PICU to the general ward environment. The majority of patients immunised were in PICU due to cardiac surgery/cardiology or general medical conditions, such as cerebral palsy or RSV bronchiolitis. There were no reported adverse events following immunisation.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the suitability and acceptability of children in the PICU receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine and tailored interventions to follow‐up once discharged from PICU to optimise protection.
Instrumental texture assessment of IDDSI texture levels for dysphagia management. Part 1: Thickened fluids
Authors: Hadde Enrico Karsten , Prakash Sangeeta , Chen Wei , Chen Jianshe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThickened fluids are commonly used in the medical management of individuals who suffer from swallowing difficulty (known as dysphagia). International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative (IDDSI) developed a standardized terminology and description for texture‐modified foods and thickened fluids to allow dysphagia patients to receive the correct consistency of food/drink. Syringe flow test and fork drip test are suggested by IDDSI to identify the drink category (IDDSI Levels 1–4). These practical methods are widely welcomed by carers and patients because of their simplicity. However, these methods are not most feasible for industrial applications, where objective measurements are required for industry for the purpose of quality control of such products. Therefore, our aim in this work was to develop quantitative and objective measurements that best describe IDDSI level category for use as an objective framework. Two measuring techniques, syringe flow test and fork drip test, recommended by IDDSI were evaluated in two different sets of experiment. Participants were recruited to categorize fluid samples of known texture parameters using syringe flow test and fork drip test techniques. The apparent stress measured from Ball‐Back Extrusion (BBE) technique for each of the fluid category (IDDSI Levels 1–4) was calculated. Bands of apparent stress for each of the fluid category were developed from two measuring techniques, syringe flow test and fork drip test. An inconsistency was observed between these two measuring techniques for IDDSI Level 3 fluid due to different dominating factors in the two tests. However, we proposed to combine the results from the two experiments to develop a quantitative range for each IDDSI Level as objective complements to the IDDSI Framework. Thickened fluid manufacturers are encouraged to follow the proposed guidelines presented once they are clinically validated and use them fine‐tune their products, thus enhancing the safety of individuals with dysphagia.
Viral hepatitis in pregnancy
Authors: Shata Mohamed Tarek M. , Hetta Helal F. , Sharma Yeshika , Sherman Kenneth E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractViral hepatitis is caused by a heterogenous group of viral agents representing a wide range of phylogenetic groups. Many viruses can involve the liver and cause liver injury but only a subset are delineated as ‘hepatitis viruses’ based upon their primary site of replication and tropism for hepatocytes which make up the bulk of the liver cell population. Since their discovery, beginning with the agent that caused serum hepatitis in the 1960s, the alphabetic designations have been utilized. To date, we have five hepatitis viruses, A through E, though it is postulated that others may exist. This chapter will focus on those viruses. Note that hepatitis D is included as a subset of hepatitis B, as it cannot exist without concurrent hepatitis B infection. Pregnancy has the potential to affect all aspects of these viral agents due to the unique immunologic and physiologic changes that occur during and after the gestational period. In this review, we will discuss the most common viral hepatitis and their effects during pregnancy.
Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in laying hens after single intravenous, oral, and intramuscular administration
Authors: Shao Hao‐Tian , Yang Fang , Chen Jun‐Cheng , Zhang Mei , Song Zhe‐Wen , Yang Fan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral (PO) dose at 1 mg/kg body weight in Jing Hong laying hens. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were determined using a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay method and then subjected to a non‐compartmental analysis. After IV administration, meloxicam had a mean (±SD) volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vdss) of 206.50 ± 25.23 ml/kg, a terminal half‐life (t1/2λ) of 5.45 ± 0.53 h, and a total body clearance (Cl) of 26.48 ± 4.13 ml/h/kg. After PO and IM administration, meloxicam was absorbed relatively rapidly: the peak concentrations (Cmaxs) of 3.04 ± 0.56 and 8.94 ± 2.31 μg/ml were observed at 3.08 and 0.80 h, respectively. After PO and IM administration, the absolute bioavailability (F) was determined as 70.13% and 125.50%, respectively. Assuming that hens shared the same analgesic threshold of meloxicam (0.5 μg/ml) with humans, the plasma concentrations after three different routes (PO, IM, and IV) of administration were above this value for 16.7, 19.2, and 14.9 h, respectively.
Treatment of hepatitis delta and HIV infection
Authors: Soriano Vicente , de Mendoza Carmen , Treviño Ana , Ramos‐Rincón José Manuel , Moreno‐Torres Víctor , Corral Octavio , Barreiro Pablo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective agent that only infects individuals with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Around 5–10% of chronic hepatitis B patients worldwide are superinfected with HDV, which means 15–25 million people. Hepatitis delta is the most severe of all chronic viral hepatitis, leading to cirrhosis, liver cancer and/or transplantation in most patients. Despite it, many HDV patients remain undiagnosed. The only treatment available until recently was peginterferon alfa, with poor results and significant side effects. The recent approval of bulevirtide, a lipopeptide that blocks HBV/HDV entry, has revolutionized the field. Another drug, lonafarnib, already approved to treat progeria, is expected to be available soon as HDV therapy. Since there is no cell reservoir for the HDV RNA genome, hypothetically viral clearance could be achieved if complete blocking of viral replication occurs for a minimum time frame. This is what happens in hepatitis C using direct‐acting antivirals, with the achievement of cure in nearly all treated patients. We envision the cure of hepatitis delta using combination antiviral therapy. Given that sexual and parenteral transmission routes are the most frequent for the acquisition of HBV and HDV, shared with HIV infection and HBV/HDV and HIV coinfection. The clinical outcome of hepatitis delta is worst in the HIV setting, with more frequent liver complications. Since most persons infected with HIV are on regular health care follow‐up, we propose that HIV‐HDV patients should be prioritized for moving forward new and potentially curative treatments for hepatitis delta.
Nursing students' motivational and self‐regulated learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cho Sunhee , Jang Sun Joo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOn‐site clinical training, which has been greatly hindered during the COVID‐19 pandemic, is essential in nursing practicum. This study aimed to identify the predictors of nursing students' motivational and self‐regulated learning in clinical nursing practicum during the pandemic. This cross‐sectional study aimed to identify the predictors of motivational and self‐regulated learning among nursing students in clinical nursing practicum during the COVID‐19 pandemic. An online survey was completed by 195 nursing students in Korea in 2021. Students' moral sensitivity and motivational and self‐regulated learning were assessed using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that moral sensitivity was the most potent predictor of motivational and self‐regulated learning, followed by online clinical practicum experience, determination to become a nurse, and online practicum type; these factors explained 21.0% of the variance. Practicum courses using a tailored hybrid model, combining online and in‐person approaches for imparting nursing practices and inspiring moral sensitivity, can enhance nursing students' motivational and self‐regulated learning. Modules to enhance nursing students' moral sensitivity should be included in online practicum curricula.
Microcystic lymphatic malformation presenting as firm, skin‐colored papules of the lips
Authors: Edminister John R. , Zarbo Allison , Seale Lauren , Friedman Ben J. , Shwayder Tor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrocystic lymphatic malformation (MiLM), also known as lymphangioma circumscriptum, is a superficial collection of lymphatic vessels measuring <1 cm in the largest diameter, often with a more extensive deeper malformation. It commonly presents as discrete or grouped plaques of clear or hemorrhagic vesicles classically described as “frogspawn”; however, here we describe a case of its unique presentation as firm papules on the lips of a healthy six‐year‐old child. These skin‐colored papules in the absence of vesicles with lymphatic and/or hemorrhagic fluid may not be clinically indicative of MiLM. This case represents a diagnostic challenge due to the unique morphology of pink, fleshy papules as opposed to the clear or hemorrhagic vesicles typically observed in MiLM.
The oxidized cellooligosaccharides confer thermotolerance in Arabidopsis by priming ethylene via heat shock factor A2
Authors: Zarattini Marco , Choaibi Ali , Magri Silvia , Hermans Christian , Cannella David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobal climate change, especially heatwaves and aridity, is a major threat to agricultural production and food security. This requires common efforts from the scientific community to find effective solutions to better understand and protect the plant's vulnerabilities to high temperatures. The current study demonstrates the potential of cellooligosaccharides (COS), which are native and oxidized signaling molecules released by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMO) enzymes during cell wall degradation by microbial pathogens. The extracellular perception of COS leads to the activation of damage‐triggered immunity, often protecting the plant against biotic stress. However, how these signaling molecules affect abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. Here, we show that native COS and oxidized COS (oxiCOS) perception increase the transcript levels of several HEAT SHOCK FACTORS (HSFs) and HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSPs) genes in Arabidopsis plants. However, only oxiCOS treatment triggers ethylene priming and increases thermotolerance. Furthermore, the function of the transcription factor HSFA2 is required for these processes. Altogether, our results indicate that the perception of Damage‐Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) may improve tolerance to adverse abiotic conditions, like exposure to high temperatures.
The role of gastrointestinal pathogen polymerase chain reaction testing in liver transplant recipients hospitalized with diarrhea
Authors: Ching Charlotte K. , Nobel Yael R. , Pereira Marcus R. , Verna Elizabeth C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhea is a common symptom among liver transplant (LT) recipients and can result in significant morbidity. The utility of PCR‐based multiplex gastrointestinal (GI) pathogen panels in this population is unknown.MethodsWe assessed incidence, predictors, and outcomes of GI PCR positivity among inpatients who underwent stool pathogen testing with the FilmArray multiplex GI PCR panel at our institution within 1 year following LT from April 2015 to December 2019.ResultsA total of 112 patients were identified. Of these, 14 (12.5%) had a positive PCR for any pathogen. Escherichia coli (n = 9) and Norovirus (n = 5) were the most common pathogens detected. Recipients with a positive PCR were significantly further from LT (median 74.5 vs. 15.5 days, p < .01) and tested earlier during hospitalization (median 1.0 vs. 9.0 days, p < .01). C. difficile was positive in 20.0% of patients with a positive PCR and 11.4% with a negative PCR. CMV viremia was observed in 11.6% of patients, all in the negative PCR group. Following a positive PCR, patients were more likely to have a change in antimicrobial regimen (71.4% vs. 28.6%, p = .02), a shorter length of stay (median 7.5 vs. 17.5 days, p < .01), and a trend toward lower rates of readmission and colonoscopy within 30 days.ConclusionsIn hospitalized LT recipients with diarrhea, GI PCR pathogen identification was associated with the use of targeted antimicrobial therapy and a shorter length of stay. GI PCR testing should be considered early during admission and later in the post‐LT period.
image