bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactam Strategy Using Amide-Selective Nucleophilic Addition for Quick Access to Complex Amines: Unified Total Synthesis of Stemoamide-Type Alkaloids
Authors: Sugiyama Yasukazu , Soda Yasuki , Yoritate Makoto , Tajima Hayato , Takahashi Yoshito , Shibuya Kana , Ogihara Chisato , Yokoyama Takashi , Oishi Takeshi , Sato Takaaki , Chida Noritaka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Our research group has been exploring a lactam strategy for the concise total synthesis of complex alkaloids. In this article, we report full details of the unified total synthesis of stemoamide-type alkaloids by chemoselective assembly of five-membered rings based on the lactam strategy. First, the concise and gram-scale synthesis of tricyclic stemoamide was achieved by vinylogous Michael addition-reduction sequence of an unsaturated γ-lactam with an unsaturated γ-lactone, followed by N-alkylation to form the seven-membered ring. From stemoamide as a common intermediate, chemoselective nucleophilic addition of unsaturated lactone derivatives provides tetracyclic natural products. While stemonine is obtained by an Ir-catalyzed lactam-selective reductive Mannich reaction, saxorumamide and isosaxorumamide are produced through the lactone-selective nucleophilic addition of the lithiated 2-silyl furan. The developed conditions for the lactam-selective nucleophilic reactions are highly general, and were found to be applicable to the total synthesis of pentacyclic stemocochinin and isostemocochinin. The strategy enables the concise and unified total synthesis of tricyclic, tetracyclic and pentacyclic stemoamide-type alkaloids within 12 steps from a commercially available compound.
Triple Surfactant Assisted Synthesis of Novel Core-Shell Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with High Surface Area for Drug Delivery for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tiburcius Steffi , Krishnan Kannan , Patel Vaishwik , Netherton Jacob , Sathish CI , Weidenhofer Judith , Yang Jae-Hun , Verrills Nicole M , Karakoti Ajay , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Core-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have recently emerged as a promising drug delivery system that can be used for loading large quantities of different types of drugs or creating a stimuli responsive system. However, achieving this unique core-shell morphology with smaller size, high specific surface area, and large pore volume is highly challenging. In this study, we report the synthesis of core-shell MSN using a triple surfactant assisted soft-templating approach. We show that the size, morphological and textural properties of the core-shell structures can be easily modified by controlling the amount of fluorocarbon-4 surfactant. The optimised core shell MSN showed the highest surface area of 1496 m2/g that helped in achieving a high drug loading of model drugs doxorubicin (34%) or docetaxel (50%). The small size of core-shell MSN facilitated its rapid uptake within the PC-3 cells within 12 h. The cytotoxicity data using drug loaded MSN showed high cytotoxicity in both PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines suggesting that this versatile platform is efficient in delivering different drugs to various cell types. This unique triple surfactant assisted synthesis of core-shell MSN will open the door for multifaceted applications in imaging and drug delivery.
Family Dog Ownership and Youth Physical Activity Levels: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chase Colleen J. , Mueller Megan K. , Garvey Caroline , Potter Katie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Higher youth physical activity (PA) is associated with favorable health outcomes. The PA Guidelines for Americans recommend school-aged children complete at least 60 minutes of daily PA. Only one in three children meet these guidelines. Dog walking and play are potential strategies to increase youth PA. This scoping review summarizes the existing literature on familial dog ownership and youth PA levels and identifies gaps in the literature to inform future studies. Of nine studies that compared PA levels among youth with and without dogs, 77.8% reported a positive association between dog ownership and PA. The majority of studies investigating dog ownership and youth PA are cross-sectional and suggest dog ownership is associated with increased youth PA. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the relationship is causal. Interventions to increase dog-facilitated PA in youth also are needed. Future studies should examine the dog ownership-PA relationship in low-income and minority youth.
CT-based radiomics model for preoperative prediction of hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Cheng Sihang , Yu Xiang , Chen Xinyue , Jin Zhengyu , Xue Huadan , Wang Zhiwei , Xie Ping 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To develop and evaluate a machine learning-based CT radiomics model for the prediction of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Methods:
A total of 106 patients who underwent TIPS placement were consecutively enrolled in this retrospective study. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn on unenhanced, arterial phase, and portal venous phase CT images, and radiomics features were extracted, respectively. A radiomics model was established to predict the occurrence of HE after TIPS by using random forest algorithm and 10-fold cross-validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to validate the capability of the radiomics model and clinical model on the training, test and original data sets, respectively.

Results:
The radiomics model showed favorable discriminatory ability in the training cohort with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899 (95% CI, 0.848 to 0.951), while in the test cohort, it was confirmed with an AUC of 0.887 (95% CI, 0.760 to 1.00). After applying this model to original data set, it had an AUC of 0.955 (95% CI, 0.896 to 1.00). A clinical model was also built with an AUC of 0.649 (95% CI, 0.530 to 0.767) in the original data set, and a Delong test demonstrated its relative lower efficiency when compared with the radiomics model (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion:
Machine learning-based CT radiomics model performed better than traditional clinical parameter-based models in the prediction of post-TIPS HE.

Advances in knowledge:
Radiomics model for the prediction of post-TIPS HE was built based on feature extraction from routine acquired pre-operative CT images and feature selection by random forest algorithm, which showed satisfied performance and proved the advantages of machine learning in this field.
Tax-Induced Inequalities in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Cui Yao , Davis Andrew M. 
Published: January 2022

The growth of sharing economy marketplaces like Airbnb has generated discussions on their socioeconomic impact and lack of regulation. As a result, most major cities in the United States have started to collect an “occupancy tax” for Airbnb bookings. In this study, we investigate the heterogeneous treatment effects of the occupancy tax policy on Airbnb listings, using a combination of a generalized causal forest methodology and a difference-in-differences framework. While we find that the introduction of the tax significantly reduces both listing revenues and sales, more importantly, these effects are disproportionately more pronounced for residential hosts with single shared-space (nontarget) listings versus commercial hosts with multiple properties or entire-space (target) listings. We further show that this unintended consequence is caused by customers’ discriminatory tax aversion against nontarget listings. We then leverage these empirical results by prescribing how hosts should optimally set prices in response to the occupancy tax and identify the discriminatory tax rates that would equalize the tax’s effect across nontarget and target listings. This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.
The risk of all-cause mortality, heart outcomes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders with cobalt-chrome-containing total hip arthroplasty implants
Authors: Deere Kevin , Matharu Gulraj S. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Wilkinson J. Mark , Blom Ashley W. , Sayers Adrian , Whitehouse Michael R. 
Published: January 2022

Aims A recent report from France suggested an association between the use of cobalt-chrome femoral heads in total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and an increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cobalt-chrome is a commonly used material in orthopaedic implants. If the reported association is causal, the consequences would be significant given the millions of joint replacements and other orthopaedic procedures in which cobalt-chrome is used annually. We examined whether cobalt-chrome-containing THAs were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, heart outcomes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders in a large national database. Methods Data from the National Joint Registry was linked to NHS English hospital inpatient episodes for 374,359 primary THAs with up to 14.5 years follow-up. We excluded any patients with bilateral THAs, knee replacements, indications other than osteoarthritis, aged under 55 years, and diagnosis of one or more outcome of interest before THA. Implants were grouped as either containing cobalt-chrome or not containing cobalt-chrome. The association between implant construct and the risk of all-cause mortality and incident heart failure, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders was examined. Results There were 158,677 individuals (42.4%) with an implant containing cobalt-chrome. There were 47,963 deaths, 27,332 heart outcomes, 35,720 cancers, and 22,025 neurodegenerative disorders. There was no evidence of an association that patients with cobalt-chrome implants had higher rates of any of the outcomes. Conclusion Cobalt-chrome-containing THAs did not have an increased risk of all-cause mortality, or clinically meaningful heart outcomes, cancer or neurodegenerative disorders into the second decade post-implantation. Our findings will help reassure clinicians and the increasing number of patients receiving primary THA worldwide that the use of cobalt-chrome containing implants is not associated with significant adverse systemic effects.
Demographic patterns of human antibody levels to Simulium damnosum s.l. saliva in onchocerciasis-endemic areas: An indicator of exposure to vector bites
Authors: Willen Laura , Milton Philip , Hamley Jonathan I. D. , Walker Martin , Osei-Atweneboana Mike Y. , Volf Petr , Basáñez Maria-Gloria , Courtenay Orin 
Published: January 2022

Background
In onchocerciasis endemic areas in Africa, heterogenous biting rates by blackfly vectors on humans are assumed to partially explain age- and sex-dependent infection patterns with Onchocerca volvulus. To underpin these assumptions and further improve predictions made by onchocerciasis transmission models, demographic patterns in antibody responses to salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l. are evaluated as a measure of blackfly exposure.

Methodology/Principal findings
Recently developed IgG and IgM anti-saliva immunoassays for S. damnosum s.l. were applied to blood samples collected from residents in four onchocerciasis endemic villages in Ghana. Demographic patterns in antibody levels according to village, sex and age were explored by fitting generalized linear models. Antibody levels varied between villages but showed consistent patterns with age and sex. Both IgG and IgM responses declined with increasing age. IgG responses were generally lower in males than in females and exhibited a steeper decline in adult males than in adult females. No sex-specific difference was observed in IgM responses.

Conclusions/Significance
The decline in age-specific antibody patterns suggested development of immunotolerance or desensitization to blackfly saliva antigen in response to persistent exposure. The variation between sexes, and between adults and youngsters may reflect differences in behaviour influencing cumulative exposure. These measures of antibody acquisition and decay could be incorporated into onchocerciasis transmission models towards informing onchocerciasis control, elimination, and surveillance.
‘Esta es la España de Franco’: Los años cincuenta del franquismo (1951–1959), Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco and Claudio Hernández Burgos (eds) (2020)
Authors: Cleminson Richard 
Published: January 2022

Review of: ‘Esta es la España de Franco’: Los años cincuenta del franquismo (1951–1959), Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco and Claudio Hernández Burgos (eds) (2020)
Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 368 pp.,
ISBN 978-8-41340-110-2, pbk, €21.15
Esophageal Perforation Successfully Treated With EVT
Authors: Panneerselvam Kavea , Samuel Ronald , Sealock Robert J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Esophageal perforation is rare and carries high morbidity and mortality. A high degree of suspicion is needed for timely diagnosis and treatment. A 54-year-old man presented with fever and confusion. Imaging revealed air in the hepatic inferior vena cava and concern for a fistula between the distal esophagus and the inferior vena cava. An upper endoscopic evaluation revealed a dental floss pick penetrating the distal esophagus. The foreign body was removed, and endoluminal vacuum therapy was used to close the perforation. Endoluminal vacuum therapy is an emerging therapy to treat full-thickness gastrointestinal injuries.
Artificial Intelligence for Detecting and Delineating Margins of Early ESCC Under WLI Endoscopy
Authors: Liu Wei , Yuan Xianglei , Guo Linjie , Pan Feng , Wu Chuncheng , Sun Zhongshang , Tian Feng , Yuan Cong , Zhang Wanhong , Bai Shuai , Feng Jing , Hu Yanxing , Hu Bing 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Conventional white light imaging (WLI) endoscopy is the most common screening technique used for detecting early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Nevertheless, it is difficult to detect and delineate margins of early ESCC using WLI endoscopy. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect and delineate margins of early ESCC under WLI endoscopy.

METHODS:
A total of 13,083 WLI images from 1,239 patients were used to train and test the AI model. To evaluate the detection performance of the model, 1,479 images and 563 images were used as internal and external validation data sets, respectively. For assessing the delineation performance of the model, 1,114 images and 211 images were used as internal and external validation data sets, respectively. In addition, 216 images were used to compare the delineation performance between the model and endoscopists.

RESULTS:
The model showed an accuracy of 85.7% and 84.5% in detecting lesions in internal and external validation, respectively. For delineating margins, the model achieved an accuracy of 93.4% and 95.7% in the internal and external validation, respectively, under an overlap ratio of 0.60. The accuracy of the model, senior endoscopists, and expert endoscopists in delineating margins were 98.1%, 78.6%, and 95.3%, respectively. The proposed model achieved similar delineating performance compared with that of expert endoscopists but superior to senior endoscopists.

DISCUSSION:
We successfully developed an AI model, which can be used to accurately detect early ESCC and delineate the margins of the lesions under WLI endoscopy.
Morphological characteristics of pituitary adenomas in the phenocopy of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Trukhina D. A. , Mamedova E. O. , Lapshina A. M. , Vasilyev E. V. , Tiulpakov A. N. , Belaya Zh. E. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene, which encodes the menin protein. If a patient has the MEN 1 phenotype in the absence of mutations in the MEN1 gene, the condition is classified as a phenocopy of this syndrome. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the function of menin, its role in the oncogenesis of the endocrine glands is still being elucidated. Due to its key role in physiological and pathological processes, the assessment of the menin expression can provide valuable information.AIM: to determine whether there are any differences in the expression of menin in the pituitary adenomas (PA) in patients with phenocopy of MEN 1 (phMEN 1) and genetically confirmed MEN 1 (gMEN 1) compared with their sporadic forms.MATERIALS AND METHODS: immunohistochemical assessment of the menin expression was carried out in PA of patients with gMEN 1, phMEN 1 and sporadic acromegaly (SA), surgically treated in 2008–2020. IHC was performed using antibodies to menin, PRL, GH, ACTH, FSH, TSH, Pit-1, T-box, ERA on previously prepared histological section.RESULTS: The study included 35 samples of PA: gMEN 1 — 9 samples, phMEN 1 — 12 (somatotropinomas + PHPT); CA — 14 samples. The patients were comparable by gender, adenoma size, and drug intake. The gMEN 1 group differed from phMEN 1 and SA by age (p = 0.0005). In patients with gMEN 1, the expression of menin varied from no staining (5/9) to intense cytoplasm staining. Cytoplasmic expression of menin was mainly present (11/12) in the phMEN 1. In the SA group, there was no staining in 1 case; nuclear expression was detected in 6/14 cases. The phMEN 1 group showed significantly higher cytoplasmic expression of menin than the gMEN 1 group (p = 0.006). The gMEN 1 group also differed from the SA group (p = 0.012). There were no statistically significant differences between the phMEN 1 and SA groups (p = 0.049).CONCLUSION: It was revealed that the menin expression, in general, is retained in phMEN 1 and SA groups, although with different localization in the cell structure (nucleus and / or cytoplasm). At the same time, the expression of menin varies greatly in patients with gMEN 1. According to the data obtained, it can be assumed that the pathogenesis of PA in phMEN 1 and SA may have similarities; however, there could be factors contributing to the appearance of several tumors of the endocrine glands in one person with phMEN 1. To understand this process, it is necessary to further study the genes associated with MEN 1, epigenetic factors, signaling pathways in which menin is involved.
Erratum: clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with 46,xy dsd due to nr5a1 gene mutations (Probl Endokrinol (Mosk). 2020 Sep 16;66(3):62-69. Russian. doi: 10.14341/probl12445)
Authors: Kalinchenko N. Yu. , Kolodkina A. A. , Raygorodskaya N. Yu. , Tiulpakov A. N. 
Published: January 2022

n the article some corrections were needed. Abstract: “Heterozygous SF1 variants were found in 36 out of 310 (11.6%) of cases, among them 15 were not previously described”. has been corrected to read “Heterozygous SF1 variants were found in 36 out of 310 (11.6%) of cases, among them 22 were not previously described”. Results: “Heterozygous SF1 variants were found in 36 out of 310 (11.6%) of cases, among them 15 were not previously described”, has been corrected to read “Heterozygous SF1 variants were found in 36 out of 310 (11.6%) of cases, among them 22 were not previously described”. Among the newly identified variants in the NR1A1 gene, two lead to the premature stop codon -p. Y197X and p. Y25X, two lead to a shift in the reading frame-p. N385fs and p. L245fs, which does not allow us to doubt their pathogenicityAmong the previously undescribed variant changes, 5 missense mutations (p. C283Y, p. C283B, p.H24Q, p.M126K, p.E81K) and 1 synonymous substitution affecting the splicing site (E330E) were evaluated as pathogenic, and 5 others as probably pathogenic.Has been corrected to read: Among the newly identified variants in the NR1A1 gene, two lead to the premature stop codon -p. Y197X and p. Y25X, two lead to a shift in the reading frame — p.N385SfsX10 and p.L245AfsX53, which does not allow us to doubt their pathogenicity Among the previously undescribed variants, 5 missense mutations (p.C283Y, p.С283F, p.H24Q, p.M126K, p.A82T) and 1 synonymous substitution affecting the splicing site (E330E) were predicted as pathogenic, and 5 others as probably pathogenic by calculating pathogenicity. The authors apologize for these errors.
SUMBANGSIH FREUD BAGI KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL-KEAGAMAAN: TELAAH ATAS KARYA TOTEM AND TABOO (1912-1913)
Authors: Sugiyono Paulus Bagus 
Published: January 2022

One of Sigmund Freud's most famous works in the field of religion is Totem and Taboo (1912-1913). In this work, Freud uses psychoanalytic theory to dissect the genealogy of socio-religious phenomena in the form of totems and taboos from a philosophical-anthropological point of view, especially through his research on Aboriginal tribes in Australia. This article aims to examine Freud's contribution in the field of religion, and how it is contextualized in the socio-religious life of today's society. This study uses a qualitative approach by exploring various literatures that examine Freud's work on Totems and Taboos. The results of the study reveal that although this work tends to be problematic and particular in interpreting religion through the concepts of Totem and Taboo. However, there is a contribution from the series of arguments presented by Freud. This contribution is an invitation to purify one's intentions in carrying out religious rites, especially in today's modern society. Religious activity is no longer seen as a mechanistic ritual, but it has to be rooted from the deepest heart. Salah satu karya Sigmund Freud dalam bidang agama yang paling terkenal adalah Totem and Taboo (1912-1913). Dalam karyanya tersebut, Freud menggunakan teori psikoanalisis untuk membedah genealogi fenomena sosial keagamaan berupa totem dan taboo dari sudut pandang filosofis-antropologis, khususnya melalui penelitiannya tentang suku Aborigin di Australia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menelaah sumbangsih Freud dalam karya tersebut, dan bagaimana kontekstualisasinya dalam kehidupan sosial-keagamaan masyarakat saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menelusuri berbagai literatur yang mengkaji karya Freud tentang Totem dan Taboo. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa meskipun karya ini cenderung problematis dan partikular dalam memaknai agama melalui konsep Totem dan Taboo, namun terdapat sumbangsih dari rangkaian argumentasi yang disampaikan oleh Freud tersebut. Sumbangsih tersebut adalah ajakan untuk memurnikan intensi diri dalam melaksanakan ritus-ritus beragama, khususnya dalam masyarakat modern saat ini. Aktivitas beragama bukan lagi menjadi ritual yang mekanistis, melainkan harus bersumber dari hati yang terdalam.
Polityka regionalna Unii Europejskiej: wnioski z doświadczeń Finlandii w latach 1995–1999
Authors: Kaczmarek Krzysztof 
Published: January 2022

W artykule podjęto próbę analizy efektywności polityki regionalnej Unii Europejskiej i Finlandii wobec obszarów peryferyjnych w pierwszym dla tego państwa okresie programowania 1995–1999. Szczególna uwaga została poświęcona Laponii. Ze względu na niekorzystne warunki przyrodnicze region ten borykał się z wieloma problemami, spośród których pierwotnym wydaje się być depopulacja.
Polityka regionalna prowadzona wobec Laponii miała na celu zahamowanie tego procesu. Jednak błędy popełnione przy planowaniu skutkowały jej niepowodzeniem. Można zatem postawić hipotezę, że nie wysokość nakładów finansowych przeznaczonych na zwiększenie konkurencyjności regionu, ale znajomość jego specyfiki może przynieść pożądane efekty. Tymczasem, w kontekście polityki regionalnej wobec Laponii, okres 1995–1999 charakteryzował się niewłaściwym planowaniem opartym na zbyt powierzchownych analizach.