bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of a tidal freshwater marsh plant community to chronic and pulsed saline intrusion
Authors: Li Fan , Angelini Christine , Byers James E. , Craft Christopher , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Climate change causes both chronic and pulsed environmental changes to ecosystems. In estuaries, tidal freshwater marshes experience both extended and episodic periods of elevated salinities due to sea level rise, reduced river discharge during drought and storm surge, but most research has focused on extended (press) perturbations.

Over a 4‐year period, we added diluted seawater to replicated plots in a tidal freshwater marsh in Georgia, USA to raise porewater salinities from freshwater to oligohaline. We assessed the ecosystem effects of press (continuous) and pulse (2 months per year) changes in salinity by measuring the responses of dominant angiosperms, benthic microalgae and dominant macro‐invertebrates (fiddler crabs). We transplanted angiosperms typical of oligohaline and mesohaline conditions into plots as bioindicators (phytometers) to assess potential for vegetation changes over longer time periods.

In the press treatment, the cover of all common plant species decreased. Ludwigia repens almost disappeared within the first month; Polygonum hydropiperoides nearly disappeared within the first growing season; Pontederia cordata and Zizaniopsis miliacea declined over the 4 years but did not completely disappear. The decline in the four most dominant plant species decreased total above‐ground plant biomass, leading to an increase in light penetration and increased densities of benthic diatoms and cyanobacteria. The density of fiddler crab burrows was not significantly affected by the treatments, but was positively related to above‐ground plant biomass across all replicates. Transplant experiments indicated that plants typical of higher salinity conditions (e.g. Schoenoplectus sp.) performed well under conditions prevalent in the press plots.

In the pulse treatment, only L. repens declined, and there was no effect on community‐level above‐ground biomass or other community variables.

Synthesis. Our results indicate that tidal freshwater marsh plant and animal communities are vulnerable to extended periods of salinization but resilient to short saline pulses. Although saline pulses did not impair most ecosystem functions, the decline in a single species (L. repens) in the pulse treatment was associated with reduced marsh accretion and no elevation gain—factors which must be positive for wetland survival in an era of rising seas. Thus, periodic salinization may threaten the long‐term persistence of freshwater wetlands even before dramatic changes in community structure occurs.
Experiential expertise in the co‐development of social and health‐care services: Self‐promotion and self‐dismissal as interactional strategies
Authors: Weiste Elina , Stevanovic Melisa , Uusitalo Lise‐Lotte 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIncreasing client involvement in the development of social and health‐care services has resulted in clients being invited to present their experiential knowledge in service co‐development groups. Nevertheless, research has shown that their opportunities to really contribute to actual decision‐making are limited. This article investigates how client representatives initiate turns‐at‐talk in the decision‐making context and the way in which professionals respond to them. Using conversation analysis, we analyzed 15 h of recorded interactions in five co‐development workshops. Our data exhibited a systematic pattern that linked client representatives’ self‐promoting and self‐dismissive turns‐at‐talk to specific types of responses from professionals. When the client representatives highlighted the relevance of their experiential knowledge for making decisions, the professionals disregarded their contributions. However, if instead, the client representatives cast their experiential knowledge as irrelevant to the decision‐making activity at hand, the professionals subsequently appreciated this knowledge. Thus, paradoxically, in order to establish the relevance of their views, client representatives diminished their positions as experiential experts.
Domain Selection and Familywise Error Rate for Functional Data: A Unified Framework
Authors: Abramowicz Konrad , Pini Alessia , Schelin Lina , Sjöstedt de Luna Sara , Stamm Aymeric , Vantini Simone 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Functional data are smooth, often continuous, random curves, which can be seen as an extreme case of multivariate data with infinite dimensionality. Just as componentwise inference for multivariate data naturally performs feature selection, subsetwise inference for functional data performs domain selection. In this paper, we present a unified testing framework for domain selection on populations of functional data. In detail, p-values of hypothesis tests performed on pointwise evaluations of functional data are suitably adjusted for providing control of the familywise error rate (FWER) over a family of subsets of the domain. We show that several state-of-the-art domain selection methods fit within this framework and differ from each other by the choice of the family over which the control of the FWER is provided. In the existing literature, these families are always defined a priori. In this work, we also propose a novel approach, coined thresholdwise testing, in which the family of subsets is instead built in a data-driven fashion. The method seamlessly generalizes to multidimensional domains in contrast to methods based on a priori defined families. We provide theoretical results with respect to consistency and control of the FWER for the methods within the unified framework. We illustrate the performance of the methods within the unified framework on simulated and real data examples and compare their performance with other existing methods.
You can’t change the past: Children’s recognition of the causal asymmetry between past and future events
Authors: Tillman Katharine A. , Walker Caren M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study explored children's causal reasoning about the past and future. U.S. adults (n = 60) and 3‐to‐6‐year‐olds (n = 228) from an urban, middle‐class population (49% female; ~45% white) participated between 2017 and 2019. Participants were told three‐step causal stories and asked about the effects of a change to the second event. Given direct interventions on the second event, children of all ages judged that the past event still occurred, suggesting even preschoolers understand time is irreversible. However, children reasoned differently when told that the second event did not occur, with no specific cause. In this case, 6‐year‐olds and adults inferred that the past event also did not occur. In both conditions, inferences that future events would change emerged gradually between 4 and 6.
Who uses digital drugs? An international survey of ‘binaural beat’ consumers
Authors: Barratt Monica J. , Maddox Alexia , Smith Naomi , Davis Jenny L. , Goold Lachlan , Winstock Adam R. , Ferris Jason A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionDigital drugs, or binaural beats claimed to elicit specific cognitive or emotional states, are a phenomenon about which little is known. In this brief report, we describe demographic and drug use correlates of binaural beat use, patterns of use, reasons for use and methods of access.MethodsThe Global Drug Survey 2021 was translated into 11 languages; 30 896 responses were gathered from 22 countries.ResultsThe use of binaural beats to experience altered states was reported by 5.3% of the sample (median age 27; 60.5% male), with the highest rates from the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Poland, Romania and the United Kingdom. Controlling for all variables, age and non‐male gender predicted binaural beat use, as did the recent use of cannabis, psychedelics and novel/new drugs. Respondents most commonly used binaural beats ‘to relax or fall asleep’ (72.2%) and ‘to change my mood’ (34.7%), while 11.7% reported trying ‘to get a similar effect to that of other drugs’. This latter motivation was more commonly reported among those who used classic psychedelics (16.5% vs. 7.9%; P < 0.001). The majority sought to connect with themselves (53.1%) or ‘something bigger than themselves’ (22.5%) through the experience. Binaural beats were accessed primarily through video streaming sites via mobile phones.Discussion and ConclusionsThis paper establishes the existence of the phenomenon of listening to binaural beats to elicit changes in embodied and psychological states. Future research directions include the cultural context for consumption and proximate experiences, including co‐use with ingestible drugs and other auditory phenomena.
Dual‐contrast micro‐CT enables cartilage lesion detection and tissue condition evaluation ex vivo
Authors: Honkanen Miitu K. M. , Mohammadi Ali , te Moller Nikae C. R. , Ebrahimi Mohammadhossein , Xu Wujun , Plomp Saskia , Pouran Behdad , Lehto Vesa‐Pekka , Brommer Harold , van Weeren P. René , Korhonen Rami K. , Töyräs Juha , Mäkelä Janne T. A. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundPost‐traumatic osteoarthritis is a frequent joint disease in the horse. Currently, equine medicine lacks effective methods to diagnose the severity of chondral defects after an injury.ObjectivesTo investigate the capability of dual‐contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (dual‐CECT) for detection of chondral lesions and evaluation of the severity of articular cartilage degeneration in the equine carpus ex vivo.Study designPre‐clinical experimental study.MethodsIn nine Shetland ponies, blunt and sharp grooves were randomly created (in vivo) in the cartilage of radiocarpal and middle carpal joints. The contralateral joint served as control. The ponies were subjected to an 8‐week exercise protocol and euthanised 39 weeks after surgery. CECT scanning (ex vivo) of the joints was performed using a micro‐CT scanner 1 hour after an intra‐articular injection of a dual‐contrast agent. The dual‐contrast agent consisted of ioxaglate (negatively charged, q = −1) and bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs, q = 0, diameter ≈ 0.2 µm). CECT results were compared to histological cartilage proteoglycan content maps acquired using digital densitometry.ResultsBiNPs enabled prolonged visual detection of both groove types as they are too large to diffuse into the cartilage. Furthermore, proportional ioxaglate diffusion inside the tissue allowed differentiation between the lesion and ungrooved articular cartilage (3 mm from the lesion and contralateral joint). The mean ioxaglate partition in the lesion was 19 percentage points higher (P < 0.001) when compared with the contralateral joint. The digital densitometry and the dual‐contrast CECT findings showed good subjective visual agreement.Main limitationsEx vivo study protocol and a low number of investigated joints.ConclusionsThe dual‐CECT methodology, used in this study for the first time to image whole equine joints, is capable of effective lesion detection and simultaneous evaluation of the condition of the articular cartilage.
A 64‐channel scheme for autism detection via scaled conjugate gradient‐based neural network classification of electroencephalogram ripples' complexity
Authors: Abdulhay Enas , Alafeef Maha , Hadoush Hikmat , Arunkumar N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe description of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes typically the alterations in social skills and attitude as well as problems of communication. At present, the most promising approaches suggested for ASD automatic diagnosis are the machine learning (ML)‐based procedures that begin by the identification and extraction of the most discriminant features. One of the proposed discriminant features of ASD is electroencephalogram (EEG) entropy that reflects the level of complexity or randomness of brain dynamics. The two main techniques currently used to describe the entropy in ASD are multi‐scale entropy (MSE) and spectral entropy (SE). However, MSE is unable to track the exact frequency content on the different time scales that suffer—themselves—from mismatching. In addition, the outcomes of SE approaches in literature are contradictory and confusing about the altered band, direction of change as well as about the affected brain region. The common point in those SE approaches is the examination of one or more of the well‐known frequency bands: Delta, Theta, Alpha, Beta and low Gamma. Hence, the range of high Gamma ripples (>80 Hz) is barely examined in ASD literature due to the needed high carefulness in its technical acquisition, detection and processing as well as to the common acceptance of the idea that it is rather related to pathological seizure activity; which is a misconception recently refuted. Further, the study of automatic ASD diagnosis based on ripples is almost inexistent in literature. The present work suggests an accurate automatic technique to classify ASD and neuro‐typical EEG entropy based on the whole range of ripples (75–250 Hz): (1) EEG signals are collected (120 ASD and neuro‐typical children) by an efficient 64‐channel system highly suitable in noisy environment with movement artefacts. (2) All signal disturbances are automatically removed. (3) The power spectra of all EEG channels are computed. (4) Shannon entropy values are calculated for the range of ripples without filtering. (5) Scaled Conjugate Gradient‐based Neural Network (NN) classification, k‐fold cross validation and T‐test are applied to entropy values. (6) Statistical assessment is conducted. The best testing and the overall accuracies were found to be 98.9% and 95.0% respectively.
Baking injera in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Women's invisible labor in the teff value chain
Authors: Smith Diede , de Regt Marina , Tekalign Addis Alem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWomen play an important role in food value chain development, but their labor is often invisible in related policies. Female injera bakers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, have suffered a similar fate: their labor has been neglected in policies on improving the teff value chain. Teff is a cereal grown in Ethiopia which is used to make the countries' biggest food staple: injera. In this article we describe and analyze the labor of female injera bakers in Addis Ababa in the teff value chain, and the differences in their visibility along the lines of various identity markers. Based on mixed method research, we found that the effect of the changes in the teff value chain on female injera bakers' labor (in)visibility were most negative where certain identity markers intersect. The negative effects run along the lines of the formality of the labor, gender, class, age and health. We conclude that the Ethiopian government's neglect of female stakeholders in the teff value chain has led to the increase of existing inequalities and further marginalization of the most vulnerable women.
APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND FORECASTING IN HUGE‐DIMENSIONAL MULTICOUNTRY VARs
Authors: Feldkircher Martin , Huber Florian , Koop Gary , Pfarrhofer Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPanel vector autoregressions (PVARs) are a popular tool for analyzing multicountry data sets. However, the number of estimated parameters can be enormous, leading to computational and statistical issues. In this article, we develop fast Bayesian methods for estimating PVARs using integrated rotated Gaussian approximations. We exploit the fact that domestic information is often more important than international information and group the coefficients accordingly. Fast approximations are used to estimate the latter whereas the former are estimated with precision using Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. We illustrate, using a huge model of the world economy, that it produces competitive forecasts quickly.
The TARGET Nurses' health cohort study protocol: Towards a revolution in getting nurses' health ticked
Authors: Lv Xiaoyan , Cao Yingjuan , Li Yuxin , Liu Yunhong , Li Rong , Guan Xiangyun , Li Li , Li Junli , Si Shucheng , Xue Fuzhong , Ji Xiaokang , Zhao Junqiang , Soh Kim Lam , Davidson Patricia M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the health status of nurses in China and explore the impact of work‐related stress, work environment and lifestyle factors on their health outcomes.DesignThe Chinese Nurses' Health Study is a multicentred, prospective cohort study.MethodsWe plan to recruit approximately 80,000 registered nurses aged between 18 and 65 years. Eligible nurses will be introduced to complete a series of web‐based questionnaires after obtaining their informed consent. Follow‐up questionnaires will be completed at 2‐year interval to continuously track subsequent exposures. Health‐related indicators will be obtained through self‐reporting by nurses and the provincial and national registry platforms such as National Central Cancer Registry. The funding was approved in July 2020 and Research Ethics Committee approval was granted in February 2021.DiscussionThe study is the first multicentred prospective cohort study that aims to assess the impact of work‐related stress, work environment and lifestyle factors on the health of Chinese nurses. The results of the Chinese Nurses' Health Cohort Study will potentially draw a picture of the current situation of general health and well‐being among nurses in China and their health risks. This will be critical in recommending locally tailored strategic preventive measures and policies to reduce health and well‐being threats for nurses and potentially general public, thereby promoting the quality of healthcare in China and globally.ImpactThis study will help to understand the health status and working environment characteristics of Chinese nurses, and provide valuable epidemiological evidence for improving working environment and promoting well‐being. The results of this study are potentially of great significance for formulating targeted nursing strategies to promote the nurses' health, nursing quality and patient safety in China and even around the world.Clinical Trial Registration Number and name of trial registerChiCTR.org (ID:ChiCTR2100043202), The Nurses' Health Cohort Study of Shandong.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Performance of the S−X2$S-X^{2}$ Item‐Fit Index
Authors: Kim Hyung Jin , Lee Won‐Chan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrlando and Thissen (2000) introduced the item‐fit index for testing goodness‐of‐fit with dichotomous item response theory (IRT) models. This study considers and evaluates an alternative approach for computing values and other factors associated with collapsing tables of observed and expected numbers (OE tables), which can affect flagging items. Results suggest that collapsing OE tables requires careful consideration of a trade‐off between power and empirical type I error rate. Concurrent collapsing of score categories would be preferred over separate collapsing for its procedural simplicity, minimal effect of choice of a minimum cell value on empirical type I error rates, and reasonable type I error rates even for the most sparse condition in the study. For separate collapsing, a smaller minimum cell value is recommended as OE tables possess more sparseness (e.g., longer test lengths and smaller sample sizes) if inflated type I error rates are more of a concern in detecting items for misfit based on the index. If it is more important to identify misfit items, the study results recommend using a larger minimum cell value for collapsing.
The association between clinical symptoms and later subjective quality of life in individuals with ultra‐high risk for psychosis and recent‐onset psychotic disorder: A longitudinal investigation
Authors: Usui Kaori , Kirihara Kenji , Tada Mariko , Fujioka Mao , Koshiyama Daisuke , Tani Motoko , Tsuchiya Maiko , Morita Susumu , Kawakami Shintaro , Kanehara Akiko , Morita Kentaro , Satomura Yoshihiro , Koike Shinsuke , Suga Motomu , Araki Tsuyoshi , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: March 2022

AimSubjective quality of life is a clinically relevant outcome that is strongly associated with the severity of clinical symptoms in individuals with ultra‐high risk for psychosis and patients with recent‐onset psychotic disorder. Our objective was to examine whether longitudinal changes in clinical symptoms are associated with quality of life in ultra‐high risk individuals and patients with recent‐onset psychotic disorder.MethodsIndividuals with ultra‐high risk and patients with recent‐onset psychosis disorder were recruited in the same clinical settings at baseline and were followed up with more than 6 months and less than 5 years later. We assessed five factors of clinical symptoms using the positive and negative syndrome scale, and quality of life using the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire‐short form. We used multiple regression to examine the relationships between clinical symptoms and quality of life while controlling for diagnosis, follow‐up period, age, and sex.ResultsData were collected from 22 individuals with ultra‐high risk and 27 patients with recent‐onset psychosis disorder. The multiple regression analysis results indicated that the more severe anxiety/depression was at baseline, the poorer the quality of life at follow‐up. Further, improvement of anxiety/depression and disorganized thoughts were associated with improvement in quality of life. The difference in diagnosis did not affect the association between clinical symptoms and quality of life.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the improvement of anxiety/depression and disorganized thoughts is important in the early stages of psychosis before it becomes severe, affecting the quality of life.
Interpersonal behavior in assessment center role‐play exercises: Investigating structure, consistency, and effectiveness
Authors: Breil Simon M. , Lievens Filip , Forthmann Boris , Back Mitja D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough the behaviors displayed by assessees are the currency of assessment centers (ACs), they have remained largely unexplored. This is surprising because a better understanding of assessees’ behaviors may provide the missing link between research on the determinants of assessee performance and research on the validity of performance ratings. Therefore, this study draws on behavioral personality science to scrutinize the behaviors that assessees express in interpersonal AC exercises. Our goals were to investigate (a) the structure of interpersonal behaviors, (b) the consistency of these behaviors across AC exercises, and (c) their effectiveness. We obtained videotaped performances of 203 assessees who took part in AC role‐plays in a high‐stakes context. Apart from assessors’ performance ratings, trained experts also independently coded assessees on over 40 specific behavioral cues in these role‐plays (e.g., clear statements, upright posture, freezing). Results were threefold: First, the structure underlying behavioral differences in interpersonal AC exercises was represented by four broad behavioral constructs: agency, communion, interpersonal calmness, and intellectual competence. Second, assessees’ behaviors showed more consistency across exercises than performance ratings did. Third, the behaviors were related to role‐play performance and predicted future interpersonal performance. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study's granular, behavior‐driven perspective.