bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Changes of lifestyle behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic with mental health: a longitudinal study in children and adolescents
Authors: Xiang Mi , Liu Yujie , Yamamoto Shohei , Mizoue Tetsuya , Kuwahara Keisuke 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
We examined the prospective associations of changes in lifestyle behaviors before/during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely physical activity and screen time, with mental health. Furthermore, the impacts of physical activity and screen time on mental health during the pandemic were examined cross-sectionally.

Methods
A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted among 2423 children and adolescents in Shanghai, China. Lifestyle behavior variables (physical activity and screen time) and psychological variables (depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress) were measured using a self-reported questionnaire in January and March 2020. A series of multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between changes in lifestyle behaviors in two waves and psychological problems. The combined associations of physical activity and screen time with psychological problems were also explored using the second wave data.

Results
Compared to students with persistently short screen time before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, those with prolonged screen time (OR = 1·36 for depression, OR = 1·48 for anxiety) and those with persistently long screen time (OR = 1·70 for depression, OR = 2·13 for anxiety) reported a higher risk of psychological symptoms. The association between changes in physical activity and psychological symptoms was not statistically significant after adjustment for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and screen time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, engaging in longer screen time (OR = 1·44 for depression, OR = 1·55 for anxiety) was associated with worsened psychological conditions, while engaging in increased physical activity (OR = 0·58 for depression, OR = 0·66 for anxiety) was associated with better psychological conditions.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that promoting physical activity and limiting leisure screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic are important to prevent and mitigate psychological problems in children and adolescents. Therefore, effective interventions targeting lifestyle behaviors are needed to protect children and adolescents’ physical and mental health.
Gender differences affect the location of the patellar tendon attachment site for tibial rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Le-Shu , Zhang Jin-Cheng , Zhou Hang , Zhang Qiang , Chen Xiang-Yang , Feng Shuo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study was carried out to investigate the accuracy of referring different locations of the patellar tendon attachment site and the geometrical center of the osteotomy surface for tibial rotational alignment and observe the influences of gender differences on the results.

Methods
Computed tomography scans of 135 osteoarthritis patients (82 females and 53 males) with varus deformity was obtained to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) models preoperatively. The medial boundary, medial one-sixth, and medial one-third of the patellar tendon attachment site were marked on the tibia. These points were projected on the tibial osteotomy plane and connected to the geometrical center (GC) of the osteotomy plane or the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) to construct six tibial rotational axes (Akagi line, MBPT, MSPT1, MSPT2, MTPT1 and MTPT2). The mismatch angle between the vertical line of the SEA projected on the proximal tibial osteotomy surface and six different reference axes was measured. In additional, the effect of gender differences on rotational alignment for tibial component were assessed.

Results
Relative to the SEA, rotational mismatch angles were − 1.8° ± 5.1° (Akagi line), − 2.5° ± 5.3° (MBPT), 2.8° ± 5.3° (MSPT1), 4.5° ± 5.4° (MSPT2), 7.3° ± 5.4° (MTPT1), and 11.6° ± 5.8° (MTPT2) for different tibial rotational axes in all patients. All measurements differed significantly between the male and female. The tibial rotational axes with the least mean absolute deviation for the female or male were Akagi line or MSPT, respectively. There was no significant difference in whether the GC of the osteotomy surface or the midpoint of PCL termination was chosen as the posterior anatomical landmark when the medial boundary or medial one-sixth point of the patellar tendon attachment site was selected as the anterior anatomical landmark.

Conclusion
When referring patellar tendon attachment site as anterior anatomical landmarks for tibial rotational alignment, the influence of gender difference on the accuracy needs to be taken into account. The geometric center of the tibial osteotomy plane can be used as a substitute for the middle of the PCL termination when reference the medial boundary or medial one-sixth of the patellar tendon attachment site.
Pro-cancerogenic effects of spontaneous and drug-induced senescence of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: a comparative analysis
Authors: Rutecki Szymon , Szulc Paulina , Pakuła Martyna , Uruski Paweł , Radziemski Artur , Naumowicz Eryk , Moszyński Rafał , Tykarski Andrzej , Mikuła-Pietrasik Justyna , Książek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinical outcomes of cancer cell senescence are still elusive. Here, we reveal and compare pro-cancerous activity of spontaneously and drug-inducible senescent ovarian cancer cells. Experiments were performed on tumors and tumor-derived primary epithelial ovarian cancer cells (pEOCs) that were obtained from chemotherapy-naïve patients and from patients who received carboplatin (CPT) and paclitaxel (PCT) before cytoreduction.

Results
The analysis of tumors showed that senescent cancer cells are present in patients from both groups, albeit most frequently and covering a greater area in tissues from chemotherapy-positive women. This in vivo senescence of pEOCs translated to an expression of senescence markers in early-passage cells in vitro. A conditioned medium from senescent pEOCs fueled the cancer progression, including adhesion of non-senescent pEOCs to normal peritoneal cells, and their increased proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Senescent pEOCs’ secretome promoted angiogenic activity of vascular endothelium, induced senescence of normal peritoneal cells, reprogrammed their secretome towards hypersecretion of cancer-promoting proteins, and stimulated motility of cancer cells subjected to a mesothelium- and fibroblast-derived medium. The most striking finding was, however, that spontaneously senescent pEOCs supported all the above pro-cancerous effects more efficiently than drug-inducible senescent cells, which was plausibly related to augmented release of several cancer spread mediators by these cells. The prevalence of spontaneously senescent pEOCs was most evident in experiments on mice when they were able, unlike the drug-inducible cells, to promote the development of drug-sensitive i.p. xenografts.

Conclusions
Our study shows that spontaneous senescence of pEOCs should be treated as an independent pathogenetic factor of cancer progression.
The APPLE Tree programme: Active Prevention in People at risk of dementia through Lifestyle, bEhaviour change and Technology to build REsiliEnce—randomised controlled trial
Authors: Poppe M. , Duffy L. , Marchant N. L. , Barber J. A. , Hunter R. , Bass N. , Minihane A. M. , Walters K. , Higgs P. , Rapaport P. , Lang I. A. , Morgan-Trimmer S. , Huntley J. , Walker Z. , Brodaty H. , Kales H. C. , Ritchie K. , Burton A. , Wenborn J. , Betz A. , Cooper C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Large-scale trials of multidomain interventions show that modifying lifestyle and psychological risk factors can slow cognitive decline. We aim to determine if a lower intensity, personally tailored secondary dementia prevention programme for older people with subjective or mild objective memory decline, informed by behaviour change theory, reduces cognitive decline over 2 years.

Methods
A multi-site, single-blind randomised controlled trial recruiting 704 older adults at high dementia risk due to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Participants are randomised using 1:1 allocation ratio to the APPLE Tree intervention versus control arm (dementia prevention information), stratified by site. The intervention explores and implements strategies to promote healthy lifestyle, increase pleasurable activities and social connections and improve long-term condition self-management. Two facilitators trained and supervised by a clinical psychologist deliver ten, 1-h group video call sessions over 6 months (approximately every fortnight), video-call ‘tea breaks’ (less structured, facilitated social sessions) in intervening weeks and individual goal-setting phone calls every 2 weeks. From 6 to 12 months, participants meet monthly for ‘tea breaks’, with those not attending receiving monthly goal-setting phone calls. Participants receive a food delivery, pedometer and website access to cognitive training and information about lifestyle modification. Follow-ups for all outcome measures are at 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome is cognition (Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) score) at 24 months. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and wellbeing and lifestyle factors the intervention targets (diet, vascular risk, body weight, activity, sleep, anxiety, depression, social networks and loneliness, alcohol intake and smoking). Participants from purposively selected sites participate in qualitative process evaluation interviews, which will be analysed using thematic analytic methods.

Discussion
If effective, the intervention design, involving remote delivery and non-clinical facilitators, would facilitate intervention roll-out to older people with memory concerns.

Trial registration
ISRCTN17325135. Registration date 27 November 2019
Development of China’s first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar: retrieval algorithm and airborne demonstration
Authors: Ke Ju , Sun Yingshan , Dong Changzhe , Zhang Xingying , Wang Zijun , Lyu Liqing , Zhu Wei , Ansmann Albert , Su Lin , Bu Lingbing , Xiao Da , Wang Shuaibo , Chen Sijie , Liu Jiqiao , Chen Weibiao , Liu Dong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth’s radiation budget and global climate. Light detection and ranging (lidar) has been recognized as a promising active remote sensing technique for the vertical observations of aerosols and clouds. China launched its first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar (ACHSRL) on April 16, 2022, which is capable for high accuracy profiling of aerosols and clouds around the globe. This study presents a retrieval algorithm for aerosol and cloud optical properties from ACHSRL which were compared with the end-to-end Monte-Carlo simulations and validated with the data from an airborne flight with the ACHSRL prototype (A2P) instrument. Using imaging denoising, threshold discrimination, and iterative reconstruction methods, this algorithm was developed for calibration, feature detection, and extinction coefficient (EC) retrievals. The simulation results show that 95.4% of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) have an error less than 12% while 95.4% of EC have an error less than 24%. Cirrus and marine and urban aerosols were identified based on the airborne measurements over different surface types. Then, comparisons were made with U.S. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) profiles, Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the ground-based sun photometers. High correlations (R > 0.79) were found between BSC (EC) profiles of A2P and CALIOP over forest and town cover, while the correlation coefficients are 0.57 for BSC and 0.58 for EC over ocean cover; the aerosol optical depth retrievals have correlation coefficient of 0.71 with MODIS data and show spatial variations consistent with those from the sun photometers. The algorithm developed for ACHSRL in this study can be directly employed for future space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) and its data products will also supplement CALIOP data coverage for global observations of aerosol and cloud properties.
Unilateral solitary erythema elevatum diutinum
Authors: Sabooniha Fakhreddin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a rare disease with unknown etiology, various presentations, broad spectrum of underlying conditions, and unified pathology. So, every case of it merits further investigation for better understanding of its causes and pathophysiology.

Case presentation
I report the case of a 32-year-old otherwise healthy man with an 8-year history of a refractory solitary lesion on his right hand and prompt response to dapsone 100 mg BID within 2 weeks without any recurrence after 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusion
This case report aims to inform clinicians about EED in order to consider it in the differential diagnosis of any chronic refractory papule, nodule, or plaque on the relevant skin sites due to its protean manifestations, potential underlying diseases, and, finally, excellent response to dapsone.
Pandemic and student mental health: mental health symptoms among university students and young adults after the first cycle of lockdown in the UK
Authors: Tang Nicole K. Y. , McEnery Katharine A. M. , Chandler Laura , Toro Carla , Walasek Lukasz , Friend Hannah , Gu Sai , Singh Swaran P. , Meyer Caroline 
Published: July 2022

Background
Early COVID-19 research suggests a detrimental impact of the initial lockdown on young people's mental health.

Aims
We investigated mental health among university students and young adults after the first UK lockdown and changes in symptoms over 6 months.

Method
In total, 895 university students and 547 young adults not in higher education completed an online survey at T1 (July–September 2020). A subset of 201 university students also completed a 6 month follow-up survey at T2 (January–March 2021). Anxiety, depression, insomnia, substance misuse and suicide risk were assessed.

Results
At T1, approximately 40%, 25% and 33% of the participants reported moderate to severe anxiety and depression and substance misuse risk, clinically significant insomnia and suicidal risk. In participants reassessed at T2, reductions were observed in anxiety and depression but not in insomnia, substance misuse or suicidality. Student and non-student participants reported similar levels of mental health symptoms. Student status was not a significant marker of mental health symptoms, except for lower substance misuse risk.
Cross-sectionally, greater symptoms across measures were consistently associated with younger age, pre-existing mental health conditions, being a carer, worse financial status, increased sleep irregularity and difficulty since lockdown. Longitudinally, T2 symptoms were consistently associated with worse financial status and increased difficulty sleeping at T1. However, these associations were attenuated when baseline mental health symptoms were adjusted for in the models.

Conclusions
Mental health symptoms were prevalent in a large proportion of young people after the first UK lockdown. Risk factors identified may help characterise high-risk groups for enhanced support and inform interventions.
Thyroid Cancer and Pesticide Use in a Central California Agricultural Area: A Case Control Study
Authors: Omidakhsh Negar , Heck Julia E , Cockburn Myles , Ling Chenxiao , Hershman Jerome M , Harari Avital 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
To examine environmental factors that influence risk of thyroid cancer.

Methods
We performed a case-control study utilizing thyroid cancer cases from the California Cancer Registry (1999-2012) and controls sampled in a population-based manner. Study participants were included if they were diagnosed with thyroid cancer, lived in the study area at their time of diagnosis, and were ≥35 years of age. Controls were recruited from the same area and eligible to participate if they were ≥35 years of age and had been living in California for at least 5 years prior to the interview. We examined residential exposure to 29 agricultural use pesticides, known to cause DNA damage in vitro or are known endocrine disruptors. We employed a validated geographic information system–based system to generate exposure estimates for each participant.

Results
Our sample included 2067 cases and 1003 controls. In single pollutant models and within a 20-year exposure period, 10 out of 29 selected pesticides were associated with thyroid cancer, including several of the most applied pesticides in the United States such as paraquat dichloride [odds ratio (OR): 1.46 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.73)], glyphosate [OR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.58)], and oxyfluorfen [OR: 1.21 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.43)]. Risk of thyroid cancer increased proportionately to the total number of pesticides subjects were exposed to 20 years before diagnosis or interview. In all models, paraquat dichloride was associated with thyroid cancer.

Conclusions
Our study provides first evidence in support of the hypothesis that residential pesticide exposure from agricultural applications is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
Presentation, Management, and Outcomes of Urinary Bladder Paraganglioma: Results From a Multicenter Study
Authors: Yu Kai , Ebbehøj Andreas Ladefoged , Obeid Hiba , Vaidya Anand , Else Tobias , Wachtel Heather , Main Ailsa Maria , Søndergaard Esben , Lehmann Christensen Louise , Juhlin Christofer , Calissendorff Jan , Cohen Debbie L , Bennett Bonita , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Larsson Catharina , Almeida Madson Q , Fishbein Lauren , Boorjian Stephen A , Young William F , Bancos Irina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Urinary bladder paraganglioma (UBPGL) is rare.

Objective
We aimed to characterize the presentation and outcomes of patients diagnosed with UBPGL.

Methods
We conducted a multicenter study of consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed UBPGL evaluated between 1971 and 2021. Outcomes included repeat bladder surgery, metastases, and disease-specific mortality.

Results
Patients (n=110 total; n=56 [51%] women) were diagnosed with UBPGL at a median age of 50 years (interquartile range [IQR], 36-61 years). Median tumor size was 2 cm (IQR, 1-4 cm). UBPGL was diagnosed prior to biopsy in only 37 (34%), and only 69 (63%) patients had evaluation for catecholamine excess. In addition to the initial bladder surgery, 26 (25%) required multiple therapies, including repeat surgery in 10 (9%). Synchronous metastases were present in 9 (8%) patients, and 24 (22%) other patients with UBPGL developed metachronous metastases at a median of 4 years (IQR, 2-10 years) after the initial diagnosis. Development of metachronous metastases was associated with younger age (hazard ratio [HR] 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99), UBPGL size (HR 1.69; 95% CI, 1.31-2.17), and a higher degree of catecholamine excess (HR 5.48; 95% CI, 1.40-21.39). Disease-specific mortality was higher in patients with synchronous metastases (HR 20.80; 95% CI, 1.30-332.91). Choice of initial surgery, genetic association, sex, or presence of muscular involvement on pathology were not associated with development of metastases or mortality.

Conclusions
Only a minority of patients were diagnosed before biopsy/surgery, reflecting need for better diagnostic strategies. All patients with UBPGL should have lifelong monitoring for development of recurrence and metastases.
Index60 Is Superior to HbA1c for Identifying Individuals at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jacobsen Laura M , Bundy Brian N , Ismail Heba M , Clements Mark , Warnock Megan , Geyer Susan , Schatz Desmond A , Sosenko Jay M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
HbA1c from ≥ 5.7% to &lt; 6.5% (39-46 mmol/mol) indicates prediabetes according to American Diabetes Association guidelines, yet its identification of prediabetes specific for type 1 diabetes has not been assessed. A composite glucose and C-peptide measure, Index60, identifies individuals at high risk for type 1 diabetes.

Objective
We compared Index60 and HbA1c thresholds as markers for type 1 diabetes risk.

Methods
TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants with ≥ 2 autoantibodies (GADA, IAA, IA-2A, or ZnT8A) who had oral glucose tolerance tests and HbA1c measurements underwent 1) predictive time-dependent modeling of type 1 diabetes risk (n = 2776); and 2) baseline comparisons between high-risk mutually exclusive groups: Index60 ≥ 2.04 (n = 268) vs HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (n = 268). The Index60 ≥ 2.04 threshold was commensurate in ordinal ranking with the standard prediabetes threshold of HbA1c ≥ 5.7%.

Results
In mutually exclusive groups, individuals exceeding Index60 ≥ 2.04 had a higher cumulative incidence of type 1 diabetes than those exceeding HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (P &lt; 0.0001). Appreciably more individuals with Index60 ≥ 2.04 were at stage 2, and among those at stage 2, the cumulative incidence was higher for those with Index60 ≥ 2.04 (P = 0.02). Those with Index60 ≥ 2.04 were younger, with lower BMI, greater autoantibody number, and lower C-peptide than those with HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (P &lt; 0.0001 for all comparisons).

Conclusion
Individuals with Index60 ≥ 2.04 are at greater risk for type 1 diabetes with features more characteristic of the disorder than those with HbA1c ≥ 5.7%. Index60 ≥ 2.04 is superior to the standard HbA1c ≥ 5.7% threshold for identifying prediabetes in autoantibody-positive individuals. These findings appear to justify using Index60 ≥ 2.04 as a prediabetes criterion in this population.
Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Fluid Volume in Children Scheduled for Elective Surgery After Clear Fluid Fasting for 1 Versus 2 Hours: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sarhan Khaled Abdelfattah , Hasaneen Hossam , Hasanin Ahmed , Mohammed Hany , Saleh Reham , Kamel Atef 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
This study aimed to compare the gastric fluid volume (GFV) in children who fasted 1 versus 2 hours using ultrasound, after ingestion of a defined volume of clear fluid.

METHODS:
Children scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. After receiving 3 mL kg–1 clear fluid, participants were randomized to have a gastric ultrasound after fasting for either 1 hour (1-hour group, n = 116) or 2 hours (2-hour group, n = 111). Our primary outcome was the GFV. Other outcomes included the antral cross-sectional area, frequency of high risk and low risk of aspiration, and qualitative grading for the gastric antrum.

RESULTS:
Two hundred and twenty-seven children were available for final analysis. The median (Q1–Q3) GFV was higher in the 1-hour group versus the 2-hour group (0.61 [0.41–0.9] mL kg–1 vs 0.32 [0.23–0.47] mL kg–1; P value = .001). None of the study groups had GFV ≥1.5 mL kg–1. The frequency (%) of GFV ≥1.25 mL kg–1 was comparable between both groups (2 [1.7%] vs 0 [0%], P value = .165). However, the frequency of GFV ≥0.8 mL kg–1 was higher in 1-hour group than in 2-hour group (34.5% vs 4.5%), and grade 2 antral grading score was 56.9% in 1-hour group vs 0.9% in 2-hour group (P value <.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
In healthy children scheduled for elective surgery receiving 3 mL kg–1 clear fluid, the median GFV after 1-hour fasting was double the volume after conventional 2-hour fasting. These findings should be considered whether weighting the risk/benefit of a liberal approach to preoperative fasting versus the risk of pulmonary aspiration.