bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous multi‐rate method of real‐time simulation for active distribution networks
Authors: Fu Hao , Li Peng , Fu Xiaopeng , Wang Zhiying , Yan Jinyue , Wu Jianzhong , Wang Chengshan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe real‐time simulation of active distribution networks (ADNs) can provide an accurate insight into transient behaviours, but faces challenges in simulation efficiency and flexibility brought by larger system scales and wider time‐scale ranges. This paper presents an asynchronous multi‐rate (AMR) method and design for the real‐time simulation of large‐scale ADNs. In the proposed method, the entire ADN was decoupled into different subsystems according to accuracy requirements, and optimized time‐steps were allocated to each subsystem to realize a fully distributed simulation. This not only alleviated the time‐step coordination problem existing in multi‐rate real‐time simulations, but also enhanced the flexible expansion capabilities of the real‐time simulator. To realize the AMR real‐time simulation, a multi‐rate interfacing method, synchronization mechanism, and data communication strategy are proposed in this paper, and their hardware design is also presented in detail. A modified IEEE 123‐node system with photovoltaics and wind turbine generators was simulated on a 3 field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)‐based AMR real‐time simulator. The real‐time results were captured by the oscilloscope and verified with PSCAD/EMTDC, which demonstrated the superiority in simulation flexibility and accuracy compared with the synchronous multi‐rate (SMR) method.
Subarcsecond view on the high-redshift blazar GB 1508+5714 by the International LOFAR Telescope
Authors: Kappes A. , Burd P. R. , Kadler M. , Ghisellini G. , Bonnassieux E. , Perucho M. , Brüggen M. , Cheung C. C. , Ciardi B. , Gallo E. , Haardt F. , Morabito L. K. , Sbarrato T. , Drabent A. , Harwood J. , Jackson N. , Moldon J. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Studies of the most distant active galactic nuclei (AGNs) allow us to test our current understanding of the physics present in radio-jetted AGNs across a range of environments, and probe their interactions with these environments. The decrease in apparent luminosity with distance is the primary difficulty to overcome in the study of these distant AGNs, which requires highly sensitive instruments.
Aims. Our goal is to employ new long wavelength radio data to better parametrise the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) of GB 1508+5714, a high-redshift (z = 4.30) AGN. Its high redshift, high intrinsic luminosity and classification as a blazar allow us to test emission models that consider the efficient cooling of jet electrons via inverse Compton losses in interactions with the dense cosmic microwave background (CMB) photon field at high redshifts. A significant detection of this effect in GB 1508+5714 may partly explain the apparent sparsity of high-redshift radio galaxies in wide-field surveys, detections of this kind are only becoming possible with the current generation of Square Kilometre Array (SKA) precursors.
Methods. We used the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) to image the long wavelength radio emission around the high-redshift blazar GB 1508+5714 on arcsecond scales at frequencies between 128 and 160 MHz. This allowed us to compare the spatially resolved structure with higher frequency observations, and construct spectral index maps to study the spectral properties of the different components.
Results. The LOFAR image shows a compact unresolved core and two resolved emission regions around 2 arcsec to the east and to the west of the radio core. We find structure consistent with previous Very Large Array (VLA) observations, as well as a previously unreported emission region to the east. The region in the west shows a spectral index of −1.2−0.2+0.4 while the region in the east indicates a spectral index of ≲−1.1. The radio core features aflat spectral index of 0.02 ± 0.01.
Conclusions. We interpret the arcsecond-scale radio structure of GB 1508+5714 as a FR II-like radio galaxy at a small viewing angle, and the western component as the region containing the approaching jet’s terminal hot spot while the eastern diffuse component near the core can be interpreted as the counter-hot spot region. Our SED modelling shows that a scenario featuring significant quenching effects caused by interaction with the CMB provides a good description of the data, and notably explains the suppressed radio emission.
Metadata and Content Management Bridging Technical Documentation and Automation Technology
Authors: Baro Dana 
Published: May 2022

The use of taxonomic metadata in technical communication is not only transforming more and more to multi-hierarchical ontologies but also gaining attraction and new use cases beyond technical authoring. In the field of technical documentation, by classifying text modules product documentations can be generated automatically. This approach can also be applied to other documents containing classified objects, which should be merged according to certain specifications and requirements. Based on the way of working in content management systems (CMS), in this paper, a use case from pharmaceutical machinery industry (provided by SKAN AG) is shown in which the creation of a plant-specific alarm matrix should be implemented in a partially automated way.Depending on the complexity of the plant, usually, the process to build an alarm matrix for a project takes an automation engineer approximately two weeks and shows non-standardized manual steps and elements, that make the process complex. By developing comprehensive standards of alarm matrices, the inheritance of properties to newly created matrices should be possible with the help of metadata in order to reduce the initial creation effort. For this purpose, individual components of the alarm matrix are to be managed as objects for the variant management and component identifications are to be automated through the machine processing of the planning documents. By working out the relations between individual documents, elements, and components, the necessary basis was to be created for making the underlying logic machine-interpretable.
Study of Deep Learning-based Hand Gesture Recognition Toward the Design of a Low-cost Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Yamato Saikawa , Ben Abdallah Abderazek 
Published: May 2022

Background: The surface EMG (sEMG) signal is inherently noisy and, therefore, not a robust input source for prosthetic systems, especially for fatigue, electrode displacement, and sweat conditions. We propose to address these issues by designing a multi-modal approach that combines vision and EMG empowered with appropriate dataset collection.
Methods: In Frame-based, the machine learning model used for recognition was a 2D-CNN. The data is image data that is input to the model by preparing videos showing 10 patterns of hand gestures along with multiple backgrounds, and dividing these videos into frames. These image data are then pre-processed and input to the machine learning model. The model is then evaluated in terms of the accuracy of hand gesture identification using the test data and the loss value, which represents the error between the expected data and the correct data output. In EMG, the Myo armband is placed on the forearm and the sEMG of 200 (Hz) is measured. There are six patterns of hand gestures in this process. Similar to the images, these sEMG data are preprocessed and input to a machine learning model for classification. The model is evaluated the model by the accuracy of hand gesture identification using the test data and the loss value, precision, recall , F1-score.
Results: The value of the loss function in case of frame-based was 0.0770 and the accuracy was 0.9739 at 1000 epochs of the training data. And the value of the loss function values in the test data were 0.1011 for the loss value and 0.9657 for the accuracy. In the case of EMG, the loss value was 0.931 when the time to maintain the gesture was the longest, and the loss value was 0.171. However, Precision, Recall, and F1-score were not the highest at the longest time for some gestures.
Conclusion: In this paper, we created a hand gesture identification software using Frame-based and sEMG, and measured its accuracy and loss value. For sEMG, we used Precision, Recall, and F1-score to check the metrics of each gesture identification. The frame-based results showed good results in both precision and loss values. sEMG showed an improvement in precision and loss values as the time length increased, but there was a tendency to decrease in some indices. In the future, it is necessary to explore the local relationship between finger and forearm to optimize out learning model.
Advanced endoscopic resection for colorectal dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mohapatra Sonmoon , Sankaramangalam Kesavan , Lopimpisuth Chawin , Moninuola Oluwatoba , Simons Malorie , Nanavati Julie , Jager Leah , Goldstein Debra , Broder Arkady , Akshintala Venkata , Chowdhury Reezwana , Parian Alyssa , Lazarev Mark G. , Ngamruengphong Saowanee 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Little is known about outcomes of advanced endoscopic resection (ER) for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with dysplasia. The aim of our meta-analysis was to estimate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for dysplastic lesions in patients with IBD.
Methods We performed a systematic review through Jan 2021 to identify studies of IBD with dysplasia that was treated by EMR or ESD. We estimated the pooled rates of complete ER, adverse events, post-ER surgery, and recurrence. Proportions were pooled by random effect models.
Results Eleven studies including 506 patients and 610 lesions were included. Mean lesion size was 23 mm. The pooled rate of complete ER was 97.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 95.3 % to 99.7 %). The pooled rate of endoscopic perforation was 0.8 % (95 % CI:0.1 % to 2.2 %) while bleeding occurred in 1.6 % of patients (95 %CI:0.4 % to 3.3 %). Overall, 6.6 % of patients (95 %CI:3.6 % to 10.2 %) underwent surgery after an ER. Among 471 patients who underwent surveillance, local recurrence occurred in 4.9 % patients (95 % CI:1.0 % to 10.7 %) and metachronous lesions occurred in 7.4 % patients (95 %CI:1.5 % to 16 %) over a median follow-up of 33 months. Metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) was detected in 0.2 % of patients (95 %CI:0 % to 2.2 %) during the surveillance period.
Conclusions Advanced ER is safe and effective in the management of large dysplastic lesions in IBD and warrants consideration as first-line therapy. Although the risk of developing CRC after ER is low, meticulous endoscopic surveillance is crucial to monitor for local or metachronous recurrence of dysplasia.
Modified line-assisted complete closure of the defect after gastric endoscopic full-thickness resection: a pilot study in porcine models
Authors: Yamasaki Yasushi , Ohmori Masayasu , Toyosawa Junki , Ako Soichiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Closure after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is challenging. We previously developed a simple endoscopic closure method: line-assisted complete closure (LACC). We performed a pilot study using porcine models to evaluate the feasibility of modified LACC after gastric EFTR.
Patients and methods Six live pigs were included. EFTR (greater curvature of the gastric antrum [n = 3] and anterior wall of the gastric body [n = 3]) was performed under general anesthesia and the defect after EFTR was closed by modified LACC. The pigs were observed until postoperative day 4 (Day 4). The closure site was endoscopically evaluated and the presence or absence of peritonitis and fluid leakage was evaluated. The outcomes were the success rate of modified LACC on the day of the procedure, maintenance of defect closure, presence of peritonitis or leakage, and clinical course.
Results Once complete closure was successfully achieved in all cases, maintenance of closure on Day 4 was not achieved. However, there was neither peritonitis nor fluid leakage. The defect was completely covered by surrounding tissues on Day 4 and the clinical course was good in all cases.
Conclusions The feasibility of modified LACC after gastric EFTR was demonstrated in porcine models. Further improvement is needed to maintain defect closure.
Resection depth for small colorectal polyps comparing cold snare polypectomy, hot snare polypectomy and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Toyosawa Junki , Yamasaki Yasushi , Fujimoto Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Shouichi , Tanaka Takehiro , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Small colorectal polyps are removed by various methods, including cold snare polypectomy (CSP), hot snare polypectomy (HSP), and underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR), but the indications for using these methods are unclear. We retrospectively assessed the efficacy of CSP, HSP, and UEMR for small polyps, focusing on the depth of the resected specimens.
Patients and methods Outpatients with non-pedunculated small polyps (endoscopically diagnosed as 6 to 9 mm), resected by two endoscopists between July 2019 and September 2020, were enrolled. We histologically evaluated the specimens resected via CSP, HSP, and UEMR. The main outcome was the containment rate of the muscularis mucosa (MM) and submucosa (SM) tissues.
Results Forty polyps resected via CSP (n = 14), HSP (n = 12), or UEMR (n = 14) were enrolled after excluding 13 polyps with resection depths that were difficult to determine. The rates of specimens containing MM and SM tissue differed significantly (57 % and 29 % for CSP, 92 % and 83 % for HSP, and 100 % and 100 % for UEMR, respectively (P = 0.005 for MM and P < 0.001 for SM tissue). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed UEMR was an independent factor relating to the containment of SM tissue. The thickness of SM tissue by CSP, HSP, and UEMR were 52 μm, 623 μm, and 1119 μm, respectively (P < 0.001). The thickness by CSP was significantly less than those by HSP and UEMR (P < 0.001, Bonferroni correction).
Conclusions UEMR could be the best method to contain SM tissue without injection. Further studies are needed to evaluate the indication of UEMR for small polyps.
Effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection using the pocket creation method in the Japanese population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shinozaki Satoshi , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Miura Yoshimasa , Yano Tomonori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a standard method for minimally invasive resection of superficial gastrointestinal tumors. The pocket creation method (PCM) facilitates ESD regardless of location in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ESD for superficial neoplasms in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract comparing the PCM to the non-PCM.
Methods Randomized controlled, prospective, and retrospective studies comparing the PCM with the non-PCM were included. Outcomes included en bloc resection, R0 resection, dissection speed, delayed bleeding and perforation. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) using the Mantel-Haenszel random effect model were documented.
Results Eight studies including gastric, duodenal, and colorectal ESD were included. The en bloc resection rate was significantly higher in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (OR 3.87, 95 %CI 1.24–12.10 P = 0.020). The R0 resection rate was significantly higher in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (OR 2.46, 95 %CI 1.14–5.30, P = 0.020). The dissection speed was significantly faster in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (mean difference 3.13, 95 % CI 1.35–4.91, P < 0.001). The rate of delayed bleeding was similar in the two groups (OR 1.13, 95 %CI 0.60–2.15, P = 0.700). The rate of perforation was significantly lower in the PCM group than the non-PCM group (OR 0.34, 95 %CI 0.15–0.76, P = 0.009).
Conclusions The PCM facilitates high-quality, fast and safe colorectal ESD. Further studies are needed regarding the utility of PCM in ESD of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Einstellung zur Grippeimpfung im Herbst/Winter 2021:
Ergebnisse der COSMO-Studie
Authors: Hajek André , De Bock Freia , Merkel Christina , Eitze Sarah , Betsch Cornelia , Bosnjak Michael , Wieler Lothar H. , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Bisher fehlt es hierzulande an Erkenntnissen zur
Einstellung zur Grippeimpfung in der Grippesaison 2021/2022. Basierend
auf der COSMO-Befragung („COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring“) ist es
daher das Ziel dieser Studie, die Einstellung zur Grippeimpfung näher zu
beleuchten.
Methodik Welle 49 (10. und 11. August 2021) der COSMO-Studie
(n=967; deutschlandweite nicht-probabilistische Quotenstichprobe; 18 bis
74 Jahre).
Ergebnisse Dieses Jahr plant ca. ein Drittel der Befragten (und der
Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen) eine Grippeimpfung und bei der
Risikogruppe der über 60-Jährigen (bis 74 Jahre in unserer
Stichprobe) mehr als die Hälfte. Entsprechende Korrelate (wie das
Geschlecht: Frauen mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit einer beabsichtigten
Grippeimpfung) wurden identifiziert.
Schlussfolgerung Ärztinnen und Ärzte sollten insbesondere
auch Frauen über die Vorteile der Grippeschutzimpfung, gerade auch in
der Pandemie, informieren und Daten zur nachgewiesenen Schutzwirkung der
Grippeimpfung möglichst überzeugend (z. B. unter Nutzung
bestehender Broschüren) kommunizieren.
Kognitive und nicht-kognitive, arztrelevante Kompetenzen zur Auswahl
angehender Landärzt*innen in Bayern:
Institutsübergreifendes Corona-konformes
Auswahlverfahren
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Andersch-Rupprecht Claudia , Haderer Marika , Spaic Alexandra , Bader Alisa , Ibler Ksenia , Emmert Martin , Nagel Eckhard 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Es besteht die Herausforderung, der im ländlichen Raum
in Bayern existierenden Unterversorgung entgegenzuwirken. Als eine
Möglichkeit sieht die Maßnahme „Landarztquote“
die Vergabe dezidierter Medizinstudienplätze für angehende
Fachärzt*innen mit hausärztlicher Tätigkeit vor.
Ein spezifisches Auswahlverfahren für zukünftige
Medizin-Studierende wurde unter den Sicherheits- und Hygienebedingungen der
Corona-Pandemie etabliert und sicher umgesetzt werden.
Methode In Bayern wurde ein zweistufiges Auswahlverfahren entwickelt und
2021 erstmals vollständig für die Auswahl der Studierenden
angewandt. Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie wurden im Vorjahr lediglich die
Ergebnisse aus Stufe 1, zur Auswahl angehender Studierenden,
berücksichtigt. Kognitive und nicht-kognitive Kriterien wurden in einem
2-stufigen Auswahlverfahren einbezogen. In der zweiten Stufe wurden
arztrelevante Kompetenzen (z. B. Resilienz,
Problemlösefähigkeit, Empathie und Mitgefühl,
Kommunikationsfähigkeit, ethische Entscheidungsfindung sowie Beratungs-
und Sozialkompetenz) durch vier Multiple Mini Interviews sowie einem
10-minütigen, semi-strukturierten Einzelinterview durch bayerische
Hausärzt*innen bewertet. Es konnten maximal 100 Punkte erreicht
werden. Ein digital-kontaktfreies Auswahlverfahren wurde zur Sicherstellung der
Schutz- und Hygienebedingungen im Kontext der Interviews etabliert und
erfolgreich umgesetzt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt haben sich 436 Personen im Rahmen der bayerischen
Landarztquote für das Wintersemester 2021/2022 beworben. 226
Bewerber*innen wurden zu den Auswahlgesprächen auf der zweiten
Stufe eingeladen, wovon 115 Bewerber*innen einen Studienplatz erhalten
haben. 64% der Teilnehmenden verfügten bereits über eine
abgeschlossene medizinische Berufsausbildung, der Abiturdurchschnitt lag bei
2,4.
Schlussfolgerung Durch das entwickelte Auswahlverfahren wurden im Rahmen
der bayerischen Landarztquote Bewerber*innen identifiziert und anhand
objektiver Kriterien ausgewählt. Mit den 115 final ausgewählten
Bewerber*innen wurden alle zur Verfügung stehenden
Medizinstudienplätze besetzt. Es ist zu evaluieren, inwiefern die
ausgewählten Bewerber*innen perspektivisch dem drohenden Mangel
an angehenden Fachärzt*innen mit hausärztlicher
Tätigkeit entgegenwirken (können).
Synthesis of Secondary Amines with Long Chains Containing Ether Bonds
Authors: Ding Songdong , Xu Haowei , Yang Xiuying , Song Lianjun , Wang Xueyu , Li Qiuju , He Lanlan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel class of secondary amines with long chains containing ether bonds were synthesized by a three-step protection–etherification–deprotection process from diethanolamine. The optimum reaction conditions were examined. This method has the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and high yield. Furthermore, some new downstream products (diglycolamides) were prepared from the ether-containing long-chain secondary amines as reactants, and their loading capacities in extractions of several metal ions were evaluated.
Yield and quality improvements in
Authors: Zhang Caihong , Gao Hui , Wan Weifan , Li Haigang 
Published: May 2022

Context The yield and quality of Leymus chinensis, a major forage resource with high nutritional value, is strongly affected by chemical fertiliser application. Aims Comprehensive estimation of the effects of different fertilisation practices on the yield and quality of L. chinensis. Methods In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis using 206 valid datasets extracted from 10 studies on L. chinensis growth responses to chemical fertilisation in China. Key results Yield increases resulting from fertilisation were higher on alkaline soil with a pH >7.0 and aeolian soil with a coarse texture. Forage yield and quality were also associated with the fertiliser combinations and the fertiliser types. Compared with no fertiliser treatment, the yield increase was higher under NP (NPK) fertiliser application (74.7%; P < 0.05) than N or P fertiliser alone. Application of NP (NPK) fertiliser significantly increased the crude protein content, while N fertiliser reduced the crude fiber content and increased the crude fat content. Moreover, the combined application of macro-and micronutrient fertilisers resulted in a substantial increase in yield and quality. The optimal benefits of fertilisation were achieved in aeolian soil with a pH of 7.9–9.5. Conclusions Reasonable selection of fertilisers should therefore, be implemented to ensure high-yielding, high-quality L. chinensis based on local soil conditions in different regions. Implications The results of this study provide essential information for the formulation of reasonable fertilisation regimes and sustainable production of L. chinensis.