bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moduleco, software for macroeconomic modelization
Authors: NEPOMIASTCHY PIERRE 
Published: April 2022

The paper describes the Moduleco system which is designed to facilitate the construction and the use of large scale (1000 equations or more) dynamic and non-linear macroecenomic models.
The Moduleco system will include a software for the management of the time-series data base, a special modeling language for the model equations Input, a special common language to active the tasks, several tools of formal computation and an interactive language for easy data input-output and for easy scenario generation.
The paper describes also the mathematical algorithms which are to be included in the Moduleco system. Indeed, we have noticed that most of the macroeconomic models can be put in a quasi triangular form: possibly after renumbering of the variables and equations, there exist a small set of variables, called loop variables, such as for given values of them, the remaining model is triangular and can be solved directly. As we have shown that quasi-triangular models can be simulated and optimized. much faster than general ones, the Moduleco system will include methods for automatic renumbering of variables and equations in order to minimize the number of loop variables.
The simulation and optimization algorithms will then be adapted to take into account this quasi triangularity. Experiments made on 4 concrete macroeconomic models have shown the efficiency of the proposed methods.
Moreover, the adjoint variable technique, well known in optimal control theory, has been adapted to the structure of macroeconomic models. On the example of the French STAR model (139 equations), it is shown that this technique is 106 times faster to compute the gradient than the finite difference technique generally used by economists.
Model predictions of mean carbon monoxide concentration for Delhi
Authors: RAGHAVAN NIRUPAMA , PADMANABHAMURTY B 
Published: April 2022

Model calculations of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations for urban Delhi for a winter month have been made. In this model mixing heights and stabilities also are used. The spatial pattern showed pockets of high concentration downwind of city centre. The study confirmed the sensitivity of CO concentrations to wind speed and direction and moderate sensitivity to emissions and hour of day.
Characteristics of composite low level jet over the Arabian Sea during the spell 21-27 June of Monsoon Experiment (MONEX), 1979
Authors: ASTHANA HI 
Published: April 2022

The paper reveals the existence of the composite low level jet over the Arabian Sea in the latitudinal belt of 8 deg. and 12 deg. N from longitude 56 deg. E to 66 deg. E based on MONEX-1979 data during the spell 21-27 June 1979, when no low level disturbance is present over the region.
It is observed that during the spell the low level jets have two branches and the lower branch is a broad band of low-level jet with great longitudinal span embedded in strong westerly zonal flow and divergence field.
An examination of the composite mean tephigrams during the spell reveals that the low level jets at 850 mb level occur mostly at the boundary of moist and dry air masses with saturated adiabatic lapse aloft. To test the reliability of the ideas reported so far in the light of the present investigation some of the results of the composite low level jet have been compared with observations mainly those by Desai et at. (1976) based on individual case studies of the low level jet and the results compare favourably well in some aspects.
Frequency of Lumber Disc Degenerative Diseases in Patients with and Without Radiculopathy and Low Back Pain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zafar Khadija , Batool Narjis , Ali Abid , Arshad Nosheen , Dar Waqar Mahmood , Naeem Adrash 
Published: April 2022

Degenerative lumbar disc disease is a condition in which an intervertebral disk and surrounding spinal components are weakened. This might be due to age or a pathogenic cause. Individuals may complain of low back pain. Objective: To determine the pattern of lumbar spine and disc degenerative diseases amongst patients having or not having Low Back Pain with or without radiculopathy diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methods: Data was collected following inclusion criteria using convenient sampling technique. A total of 266 Patients undergone Lumber MRI scans on MRI Machine 1.5T Phillips. Data was collected from Radiology Department of Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Age Groups, Gender frequencies were mentioned. Cross Tabulation of Lumber Disc Degenerative Diseases with age and Gender was done and Chi square was applied. P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The most prevalent age group for disc degeneration was 40-59 having 56.8 %. Females with disc degeneration have the highest frequency of 143 (53.8%) while males were 123 (48.2%). Lumber Disc degeneration was 101 (38%), Disc Herniation 54 (20.3%), and last with lowest presence of Spinal Canal Stenosis 18 (6.8%). Patients with Radiculopathy with Low back Pain was 61 (22.93%) and only LBP was the most common between the patients having 205 (77.1%). Cross Tabulation of Age Groups with Lumber Disc Pathologies was Significant having P value 0.05. Conclusion: In conclusion MRI can detect Disc Degeneration, Disc Herniation & Buldges, and Spinal Canal Stenosis & Nerve Root Compression. It can be considered significant and accurate to avoid any other interventional procedures. It is also concluded the LBP is an important factor in Disc Degenerative changes & radiculopathy is less seen.
Effectiveness of motor relearning program on balance and upright mobility in sub-acute stroke patients: A randomized control trial
Authors: Naz Afsheen , Batool Sana , Ahmad Ashfaq , Siddique Kashif 
Published: April 2022

To determine the effectiveness of the motor relearning program along with routine physical therapy versus routine physical therapy alone on balance and upright mobility in sub-acute stroke patients. Methods: Patients who satisfied inclusion criteria were chosen and randomly allotted into experimental and control group, 34 patients in each. After baseline assessment first follow-up was recorded at fourth week. Patients were guided for home plan for further one month. Second follow-up data was taken at eight week. Experimental group were given motor relearning training along with routine physiotherapy in sit to stand component by putting effected foot behind the sound one, forward movement of knees on chair and trunk in flexion. Gait training, balance training, stretching exercises and strengthening exercises were given to control group. The berg balance scale and time up and go test were used to measure the outcomes. Results: Statistically significant post-treatment p-value<0.05 was shown by both groups in all items of the BBS and time up and go test while doing the intragroup analysis after 8 weeks of intervention. Statistically significant results (P-value=0.000) was shown at 2nd follow up by the BBS score and TUG measure in intergroup analysis. Conclusion: Motor relearning program is demonstrated to have more measurably noteworthy and clinically compelling intervention while comparing to routine physiotherapy alone.
Clinical trial registration number: IRCT20200218046539N1.
Toetsing van een democratische uitvoering
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M. 
Published: April 2022

Toetsing van een democratische uitvoering
Ook voor gemeenteraden bevatten medebewindswetten een belangrijke opdracht. De raden krijgen daarin de verantwoordelijkheid voor de democratische uitvoering van de gedecentraliseerde overheidstaken, door kaderstelling en controle op de uitvoering. Of gemeenteraden daartoe in staat zijn, wordt aangenomen, maar kennelijk niet getoetst door de Minister van Binnenlandse Zaken en Koninkrijksrelaties en de Raad van State. Hiermee is een kern van de decentralisatie, namelijk versterking van de democratie, in het geding. Alle aanleiding om, door wetgevingstoetsing, consultatie of zelfs gezamenlijke besluitvorming, wetgeving en werkelijkheid meer op elkaar te laten aansluiten. Hiermee zou de wetgever bovendien gemeentebesturen kunnen helpen om te voorkomen dat zij worden wat zij vrezen: uitvoeringskantoren van de centrale overheid.
Het Chileense burgerplatform dat een nieuwe Grondwet ontwerpt
Authors: Karapetian G. 
Published: April 2022

Het Chileense burgerplatform dat een nieuwe Grondwet ontwerpt
In oktober 2019 ontstonden hevige protesten in de Chileense hoofdstad Santiago en andere delen van het land. Deze protesten hebben in mei 2021 geleid tot een direct gekozen burgerplatform, de Constitutionele Conventie, dat de opdracht heeft een nieuwe Grondwet te schrijven voor Chili. Hoe is deze Constitutionele Conventie wetgevingstechnisch tot stand gekomen en wie maakt hiervan deel uit?
Black-Eyed Pea Diet Alleviates High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol In Menopausal Women; Randomized Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Wiradharma Handi , Dwijasa Pande Made , Maharani Maharani 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Menopause is defined as the last menstruation cycle in women. Estrogen concentration in menopausal women was decreased and altered the lipid metabolism profiles. Menopausal women reportedly have a high risk of cardiovascular disease, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and stroke. This study focused on the effect of the black-eyed pea diet on the lipid profiles in menopausal women.
Material and Methods: A randomized clinical study was performed to analyzedd the effect of the black-eyed pea diet on lipid profiles. Fifty-four menopausal women were selected as respondents and classified into two groups, black-eyed pea diet and placebo. Black-eyed pea diet treatment was performed by consuming black-eyed powder containing 67.5 mg of isoflavones and were monitored in week – 0 and week – 12 after treatment. Lipid profile of black-eyed pea diet and placebo in 12 weeks monitoring showed no significant value. After 12 weeks of treatment, total cholesterol and triglyceride were higher than before treatment.
Results: Interestingly, the black-eyed pea diet increased the HDL and lowered the LDL after 12 weeks of treatment.
Conclusion: This study concluded that black-eyed pea improved lipid profile, especially in elevating HDL level and decreasing LDL level in 12 weeks consumption.
Quiebras comerciales y redes de acreedores en la Edad Moderna: Bilbao 1700-1800
Authors: Cagigal Montalbán Ekain 
Published: April 2022

Los expedientes de quiebra mercantil, regulados en Bilbao desde comienzos del siglo XVIII por las Ordenanzas del Consulado, contemplaban la formación de juntas de acreedores donde se ponía de manifiesto la relación de crédito o deuda entre los diferentes operadores económicos y comerciales de la villa. Estas vinculaciones deudor-acreedor no deja de proporcionar, en su conjunto, una representación del entramado comercial que caracterizaba la villa, en definitiva, una red compleja de interacciones económicas, cuyo estudio se adapta de forma muy apropiada a las capacidades metodólogicas del Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS).
La aplicación del ARS a los concursos de acreedores identificados en la década 1750-1760, período en el que se produce un claro cambio de tendencia en las situaciones de insolvencia en Bilbao, ha permitido poner de manifiesto tanto el valor de la información contenida en tales procesos como las capacidades de la aproximación metodológica empleada. Y así, se han extraído rasgos característicos del entorno mercantil del momento, previamente descritos por la historiografía de referencia; pero también otros atributos menos tangibles, como la alta interconexión de agentes quebrados y el fenómeno de las quiebras en cadena.
Análisis reticular de las ciudadanías preconstituyentes emergentes en Chile.
Authors: Gaete José Manuel , Zúñiga-Fajuri Alejandra , Hativovic Díaz Fuad , Faúndez Abarca Ximena , Bravo Vidal Diego , Ilabaca Baeza Paola 
Published: April 2022

Esta investigación tiene como propósito identificar los tipos de ciudadanías que emergen en el Chile preconstituyente (previo al estallido social y convención constituyente) según los tipos de derechos que las personas definen como prioritarios y que, como tal, reflejan las bases sobre las cuales se definirá el proceso constituyente que actualmente se encuentra en marcha. Para lograr esto, se estudiaron los derechos mencionados por cerca de 90 mil personas que participaron en los cabildos ciudadanos realizados en 2016. El análisis se realizó a través de dos técnicas complementarias, la primera fue la aplicación de redes neuronales artificiales, con el fin de identificar la base relacional de los derechos. Luego, y mediante algunas técnicas de ARS, se especificaron las bases de ciudadanías que estaban presente en estas deliberaciones populares. Los resultados indican que, a través de las distintas configuraciones relacionales de los derechos mencionados por los participantes, se evidencia la emergencia de ciudadanías más tradicionales (liberales y republicanas) y otras, con una mayor fuerza, alineadas con los procesos políticos y movilizaciones sociales actuales, estas son: ciudadanía moderna, multicultural y diferenciada.
Identifikasi Bahan Kimia Obat (BKO) Glibenklamid Pada Jamu Antidiabetes Dengan Menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) Dan Spektrofotodensitometri
Authors: Mulkin Asmiati , Maarisit Wilmar , Pareta Douglas , Palandi Reky R. 
Published: April 2022

Untuk mengetahui adanya kandungan glibenklamid dalam jamu diabetes, dilakukan pengujian kualitatif yaitu menggunakan lempeng KLT. Metode KLT digunakan karena KLT merupakan metode yang sederhana dan cepat. KLT digunakan secara luas untuk analisis obat Penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi bahan kimia obat glibenklamid pada jamu antidiabetes dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 3 macam jamu antidiabetes yaitu Delites,Jakeni,Wei Yi Wang Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jamu Wei Yi Wang (0003.K) positif mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO) glibenklamid. Jamu Delites (0001.K) dan jamu Jakeni (0002.K) negatif mengandung bahan kimia obat (BKO). Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai Rf masing-masing sampel dan nilai Rf dari baku pembanding glibenklamid dan Spike serta dipertegas dengan hasil uji spektrofotodensitometri yang menunjukan peak (puncak gelombang) yang sama.
Evaluasi Penyimpanan Obat Di Instalasi Farmasi Uptd Puskesmas Tuminting
Authors: Tuda Iteke , Tampa’i Randi , Maarisit Wilmar , Sambou Christel 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penyimpanan obat di Instalasi Farmasi UPTD Puskesmas Tuminting. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi secara menyeluruh bagaimana sistem penyimpanan obat di Instalasi Farmasi UPTD Puskesmas Tuminting. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap penyimpanan obat di Instalasi Farmasi UPTD Puskesmas Tuminting termasuk kategori sangat baik dengan persentase rata-rata 88,89 %. Evaluasi penyimpanan obat melalui cara penyimpanan obat diperoleh 77,78 % (baik), pengaturan tata ruang 88,89 % (sangat baik) dan pencatatan kartu stok 100 % (sangat baik).
India: Accelerating Growth, Creating Well-paid Jobs for the Masses
Authors: Panagariya Arvind 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Sep-Oct 2020
Transformation of Indian economy to a modern, urban and industrial one at a fast pace requires the creation of a policy environment that would accelerate the growth of medium and large enterprises, especially in labour intensive sectors such as apparel, footwear, furniture and numerous light manufactures. Key policy reforms required for the emergence of these enterprises include opening the economy to foreign trade and investment wider, flexible labour markets, availability of land to businesses at reasonable prices and low rental housing for migrant workers taking up jobs in the enterprises. Considering the complexity of undertaking multiple reforms involving both Centre and States, an option may be to create Autonomous Employment Zones, spread over areas of 500 square kilometres or more with full autonomy to implement their own labour and land laws, as is the case in Shenzhen in China. The zones can also be designed such that imports and exports can move rapidly into and out of it. These zones may help bring many multinationals currently looking for locations other than China. The paper also lists a number of reforms in education, privatization, food procurement and public distribution system, power sector, civil service, tax administration, and fiscal and monetary policies. I discuss these reforms in detail in my recent book, India Unlimited. JEL: F1, F4, J2, R3
COVID-19 Warrants Long Overdue Doctrinal Shifts in Military Planning
Authors: Menon Prakash , Kotasthane Pranay 
Published: April 2022

Issue: Sep-Oct 2020
The economic shock of COVID-19 makes the current method of defence budgeting redundant. When the GDP itself is set to reduce, defence expenditure demands as a percentage of GDP is less feasible. On the other hand, the situation on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh has demonstrated again that managing China, not just Pakistan, should be the focus of India’s military planning. To overcome these two challenges, a few incremental budget cuts, postponing of capital acquisition plans, and forgoing of salaries for a day would be insufficient. This paper proposes major doctrinal shifts in military planning. It identifies the mismatches between India’s political objectives and the kind of force structure put in place to meet those objectives. Derived from these mismatches, six doctrinal shifts — a paradigm of employable power, a structure for integrated theatre commands, conversion of manpower to human capital investment, organisational changes to build firepower, and a shift in focus to the seas and new domains — are discussed. The paper ends with a discussion on the civil-military pieces that need to fall in place in order to execute these shifts.
Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in a Guild of Forest Owls: Eurasian Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum), Ural Owl (Strix uralensis), Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) at Kamenný Hrb – Bankov Site in Volovské Mountains Near Košice Town, Eas
Authors: Pačenovský Samuel , Kürthy Alexander 
Published: April 2022

A guild of forest owls was evaluated in 1989 − 2021 in a 5.2 km2 site in Slovakian Volovské mountains in Western Carpathians. Only the Eurasian Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passerinum) declined in this near 30 year period from 8 to 5 territories and that local decline is referred to the increased presence of Tawny Owl (Strix aluco). Clear decline of calling activity of Eurasian Pygmy Owl in sympatric areas with Tawny Owls was also noted. Tawny Owl almost doubled its population from 3 to 5 territories occupied in 2017–2021 and the Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) was almost absent during 1989–1994 but occupied 8 breeding territories in years 2017–2021. Tawny Owl has a tendency of spreading to higher elevations, while Boreal Owl has an opposite tendency. Boreal Owl seeks suitable breeding habitats in old fir-beech forests with fir and oak stands and Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) holes in old beeches as low as below 500 m a.s.l. Due to good populations of small mammals, Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) has been able to maintain stable populations with ca. 8 pairs in the study area between years 1989–2021. Good food situation also attracted some Boreal Owls to lowest known elevation limit of the species in Slovakia. Further research is needed, on a larger scale, to support the population trends documented in this paper.
Pathology of Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Authors: Robin Yves-Marie 
Published: April 2022

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare orphan sarcoma of uncertain differentiation according to the latest WHO classifcation of soft tissue tumors with a somewhat indolent clinical course. The common histomorphological alveolar-type presentation is unique. It is usually not graded according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers grading system, but nonetheless defined as a high-grade sarcoma. The tumor adopts a clinical pattern with a distinctive natural history marked by local recurrences up to 50% of cases and a high prevalence of metastases in such diverse sites such as the lung, liver, brain, bone that can occur more than 10 years after the primary event. ASPS is driven by a specific recurrent nonreciprocal translocation der(17)t(X;17)(p11;q25). This chimeric gene fusion is also found (albeit in the balanced mode) in a subset of renal cell carcinomas in the young. Nevertheless, its high specificity and sensitivity in ASPS is a recognized feature and accurate diagnosis requires trained pathologists and molecular testing. Prognostication is based on age, size of tumor, primary site, and the presence or not of metastasis.
Prediction of Environmental Sound Pressure Levels from Wind Farms: A Simple but Accurate Model
Authors: Elizabeth González Alice , Cataldo Ottieri José 
Published: April 2022

The prediction of the environmental sound pressure levels of wind farms does not yet have a global consensus on how to achieve an easy-to-build model with accurate results. This chapter aims to present the sound pressure level prediction model developed at Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Its main characteristics are: taking into account atmospheric stability to determine the acoustic power of the machines; describing the generation of noise along the blades due to turbulent phenomena; and calculating the noise propagation at different distances from the tower taking into account atmospheric absorption, turbulence energy dissipation, and geometric divergence. It does not have any special IT requirements. A new approach to calculating geometric divergence is considered. The results show more than 80% of the cases within the range of ±3 dB, for wind farms throughout our country. The need to use not only A-weighted sound pressure levels but also octave frequency band levels is indicated.
The Role of Subgenomic RNA in Discordant Results From Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests for COVID-19
Authors: Toppings Noah B. , Oberding Lisa K. , Lin Yi-Chan , Evans David , Pillai Dylan R. 
Published: April 2022

Context.—
Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard method of diagnosing COVID-19. An inconclusive test result occurs when 1 RT-PCR target is positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 1 RT-PCR target is negative for SARS-CoV-2 within the same sample. An inconclusive result generally requires retesting. One reason why a sample may yield an inconclusive result is that one target is at a higher concentration than another target.

Objective.—
To understand the role of subgenomic RNA transcripts in discordant results from RT-PCR tests for COVID-19.

Design.—
A panel of 6 droplet digital PCR assays was designed to quantify the ORF1, E-gene, and N-gene of SARS-CoV-2. This panel was used to quantify viral cultures of SARS-CoV-2 that were harvested during the eclipse phase and at peak infectivity. Eleven clinical nasopharyngeal swabs were also tested with this panel.

Results.—
In culture, infected cells showed higher N-gene/ORF1 copy ratios than culture supernatants. The same trends in the relative abundance of copies across different targets observed in infected cells were observed in clinical samples, although trends were more pronounced in infected cells.

Conclusions.—
This study showed that a greater copy number of N-gene relative to E-gene and ORF1 transcripts could potentially explain inconclusive results for some RT-PCR tests on low viral load samples. The use of N-gene RT-PCR target(s) as opposed to ORF1 targets for routine testing is supported by these data.