bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical biopsy for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia by using endocytoscopy
Authors: Shimoda Yoshihiko , Shimizu Yuichi , Takahashi Hiroaki , Okahara Satoshi , Miyake Takakazu , Ichihara Shin , Tanaka Ikko , Inoue Masaki , Kinowaki Sayoko , Ono Masayoshi , Yamamoto Keiko , Ono Shoko , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Endocytoscopy (ECS) enables microscopic observation in vivo for the gastrointestinal mucosa; however, there has been no prospective study in which the diagnostic accuracy of ECS for lesions that have not yet undergone histological diagnosis was evaluated. We conducted a surveillance study for patients in a high-risk group of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and evaluated the in vivo histological diagnostic accuracy of ECS.

Methods
This study was a multicenter prospective study. We enrolled 197 patients in the study between September 1, 2019 and November 30, 2020. The patients first underwent white light imaging and narrow band imaging, and ultra-high magnifying observation was performed if there was a lesion suspected to be an esophageal tumor. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was later performed for lesions that were diagnosed to be ESCC by ECS without biopsy. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ECS for esophageal tumorous lesions.

Results
ESD was performed for 37 patients (41 lesions) who were diagnosed as having ESCC by ECS, and all of them were histopathologically diagnosed as having ESCC. The sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 97.6% (87.7–99.7%), specificity (95% CI) was 100% (92.7–100%), diagnostic accuracy (95% CI) was 98.9% (94.0–99.8%), positive predictive value (PPV) (95% CI) was 100% (91.4–100%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (95% CI) was 98.0% (89.5–99.7%).

Conclusions
ECS has a high diagnostic accuracy and there were no false positives in cases diagnosed and resected as ESCC. Optical biopsy by using ECS for esophageal lesions that are suspected to be tumorous is considered to be sufficient in clinical practice.
Does diabetes mellitus increase the incidence of early thrombosis in deep vein following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jiao Xufeng , Li Zheng , An Shuai , Huang Jiang , Feng Mingli , Cao Guanglei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Many patients following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) also suffer from diabetes mellitus, which may lead to an increased likelihood of postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Therefore, we evaluated whether DVT incidence would increase 3 days following UKA in diabetic patients.

Methods
Patients who underwent UKA from August 2018 to September 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively included. Age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, mode of anesthesia, surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, tourniquet pressure and time, and glycosylated hemoglobin concentration were recorded as confounders. We compared the incidence and type of DVT between non-diabetic and diabetic patients and evaluated the effect of glycosylated hemoglobin levels on DVT.

Results
Of all the 224 patients, 96 had diabetes and 128 did not. Within 3 days after surgery, DVT occurred in 25 cases in the diabetic group and 17 cases in the non-diabetic group (p < 0.05), and the difference mainly exists in the lower limbs on the surgical side. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of DVT in the diabetic group was 4.50 times higher compared with the non-diabetic group. For every 1 unit increase of glycosylated hemoglobin, the incidence of DVT increased 2.35 times. Differences in age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, mode of anesthesia, surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, tourniquet pressure, and time between the two groups were not significant.

Conclusions
The incidence of DVT in diabetic patients within 3 days after UKA was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic patients and was proportional to the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin.
Antimicrobial use in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: prescription fill and inpatient care requisition patterns
Authors: Nakitanda Aya Olivia , Karlsson Pär , Löfling Lukas , Cesta Carolyn E. , Odsbu Ingvild 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Increased and inappropriate antimicrobial use are the key drivers of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and there have been widespread concerns around potential antimicrobial misuse, overuse and their consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. To better understand the impact of the pandemic on antimicrobial use, particularly in light of the resurgence of COVID-19 cases since the summer of 2020, we assessed trends in antimicrobial prescription fills and hospital requisitions in Sweden during 2020 against those of preceding years.

Methods
We performed a descriptive study using population-based data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Swedish e-Health Agency. The weekly number of prescriptions filled and the total volume sold to inpatient care institutions in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants for systemic antibacterials (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical therapeutic subgroup J01 excluding J01XX), antimycotics (J02), antivirals (J05) and antiprotozoals (P01) were computed and evaluated from time series graphs. A time series linear regression with ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation was used to model 2015–2019 data and predict the expected number of prescriptions filled and volumes sold in DDDs per 1000 inhabitants during 2020 with 95% confidence limits.

Results
From mid-March 2020, the weekly rate of antibiotic and antiprotozoal prescriptions filled plummeted to unprecedentedly low levels for the rest of the year; while unprecedentedly high numbers of antiviral prescriptions were filled weekly between mid-February and mid-March 2020. There was a net reduction in annual dispensing of antibiotics by 17%; of antiprotozoals by 21%; and of antivirals by 0.3% during 2020 compared to 2019. Inpatient care requisitions of antiprotozoals and antibiotics surged to 6-year highs during March 2020, resulting in a 127% increase in DDDs of antiprotozoals sold from 2019. The volume of antibiotics and antivirals sold to inpatient care institutions in 2020 decreased by 3% and 13% compared to 2019, respectively.

Conclusions
The overall decline in antimicrobial prescriptions filled in Sweden during 2020 were in part, collateral dividends of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mast cell marker gene signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cai Zhimou , Tang Bingjie , Chen Lin , Lei Wenbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Mast cells can reshape the tumour immune microenvironment and greatly affect tumour occurrence and development. However, mast cell gene prognostic and predictive value in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. This study was conducted to identify and establish a prognostic mast cell gene signature (MCS) for assessing the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with HNSCC.

Methods
Mast cell marker genes in HNSCC were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. A dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas was divided into a training cohort to construct the MCS model and a testing cohort to validate the model. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation was used to evaluate the MCS model gene expression in tissue sections from patients with HNSCC who had been treated with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors and further validate the MCS.

Results
A prognostic MCS comprising nine genes (KIT, RAB32, CATSPER1, SMYD3, LINC00996, SOCS1, AP2M1, LAT, and HSP90B1) was generated by comprehensively analysing clinical features and 47 mast cell-related genes. The MCS effectively distinguished survival outcomes across the training, testing, and entire cohorts as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, we identified patients with favourable immune cell infiltration status and immunotherapy responses. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation supported the MCS immunotherapy response of patients with HNSCC prediction, showing increased high-risk gene expression and reduced low-risk gene expression in immunotherapy-insensitive patients.

Conclusions
Our MCS provides insight into the roles of mast cells in HNSCC prognosis and may have applications as an immunotherapy response predictive indicator in patients with HNSCC and a reference for immunotherapy decision-making.
Correlation between ultrawide-field fluorescence contrast results and white blood cell indexes in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Huang Lili , Li Lele , Wang Min , Zhang Dongmei , Song Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes. DR involves a state of systemic inflammation, and chronic inflammation can promote microvascular and macrovascular diseases in diabetic patients and accelerate disease progression. Ultrawide-field FFA (UWFA) systems are increasingly being used to examine a wider retina. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the different manifestations of retinopathy under UWFA and the systemic indicators of white blood cells in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Methods
This retrospective study included the hospitalized DR patients in the Department of Ophthalmology and Endocrinology of the Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University between January 2016 and March 2019. This study examined the correlations between the UWFA examination results and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), routine blood tests,and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of patients with clinically diagnosed DR during hospitalization.

Results
A total of 115 patients with DR (53 females and 62 males) were included (199 eyes: 102 right eyes and 97 left eyes). UWFA revealed that most eyes (77.4%) had grade 4 microvascular leakage, 52.8% had grade 0 capillary non-perfusion area, 59.3% had grade 0 neovascularization, and 92.0% had grade 0 fibrous proliferative membranes. Microvascular leakage was correlated with the NLR (r = 0.186, P = 0.027). Capillary non-perfusion area was correlated with the monocyte ratio (r = 0.144, P = 0.042) and the eosinophil ratio (r = 0.123, P = 0.044). Neovascularization was correlated to the monocyte ratio (r = 0.324, P = 0.018). Finally, the fibrous proliferative membrane was correlated to the monocyte ratio (r = 0.418, P = 0.002). Only the eosinophil ratio was independently associated with proliferative DR (odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.51, P = 0.018).

Conclusion
The results of UWFA imaging in patients with DR are correlated with white blood cell population indexes. The eosinophil ratio was independently associated with proliferative DR.
Effect of bilateral inferior oblique partial myectomy on V pattern exotropia with inferior oblique overaction
Authors: Yang Tianke , Chen Chunwen , Ma Wenxiu , Duan Yubing , Zhu Qin , Yao Jingyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the effect of bilateral inferior oblique partial myectomy on V-pattern exotropia patients with bilateral symmetric inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) and asymmetric IOOA.

Methods
This was a retrospective study including 53 V-pattern exotropia patients with bilateral IOOA of all grades who underwent bilateral inferior oblique partial myectomy. Success was defined as the elimination of the IOOA and the collapse of the V pattern at the final follow-up. The fovea-disc angle (FDA) and V-pattern exotropia were compared before and after surgery.

Results
This study included 53 V-pattern exotropia patients, containing 29 patients with symmetric IOOA (Group I) and 24 patients with asymmetric IOOA (Group II). The last follow-up ranged from 3 to 16 months (mean of 5 months). After myectomy, 3 eyes in Group I and 2 eyes in Group II were observed with residual grade 1 IOOA. The surgical success rates of IOOA correction in Group I and Group II were 96% and 95%, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.808). V-pattern exotropia collapsed with residual 2 (min. 0, max. 6) PD for Group I and 2 (min. 0, max. 10) PD for Group II, and there was a statistically significant difference between pre- and postoperative V-pattern exotropia in the two groups (P = 0.000). No inferior oblique (IO) underaction or antielevation syndrome (AES) was found in either group. The average preoperative FDA of the right eye and the left eye was (8.93 ± 4.34)° and (10.86 ± 4.27)° in Group I and (9.08 ± 4.92)° and (11.00 ± 5.69)° in Group II. There was a significant difference in preoperative FDA between the right eye and the left eye in the two groups (Group I p = 0.029; Group II p = 0.038).

Conclusions
Bilateral inferior oblique partial myectomy can bring “symmetric” effectiveness in the correction of IOOA and FDA. It can potentially be used as a safe and successful treatment for V-pattern exotropia with bilateral IOOA. In addition, the FDA may be a promising index for evaluating fundus extorsion.
Accessibility and interventions of crisis resolution teams: a multicenter study of team practices and team differences in Norway
Authors: Ruud Torleif , Holgersen Katrine Høyer , Hasselberg Nina , Siqveland Johan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Components of crisis resolution teams’ (CRTs) practices have been defined in recommendations and a fidelity scale, and surveys have reported how team leaders describe CRT practices. However, studies on CRTs have not measured and reported details of the crisis intervention provided to individual service users. The present study aimed to measure how various components of CRT practice were provided to individual service users and differences in practice between CRTs.

Methods
The study was exploratory and part of a prospective multicenter pre-post project on outcome of CRT treatment in Norway. Accessibility and intervention components of 25 CRTs were measured for 959 service users at the first contact after referral and in 3,244 sessions with service users. The data on CRT practice components were analyzed with descriptive statistics and factor analyses, and differences between teams were analyzed using ANOVA and calculating the proportion (intraclass correlation coefficient) of total variance that was due to differences between teams.

Results
One-third of the service users had their first session with the CRT the day of referral and another third the following day. Treatment intensity was mean 1.8 sessions the first week, gradually decreasing over subsequent weeks. Three of ten sessions were conducted in the service user’s home and six of ten in the team’s location. Eight of ten sessions took place during office hours and two of ten in the evening. The CRT provided assessment and psychological interventions to all service users. Family involvement, practical support, and medication were provided to two of ten service users. Between CRTs, significant differences were identified for a substantial proportion of practice components and especially for several aspects of accessibility. Cluster analysis identified two clusters of CRTs with significant differences in accessibility but no significant differences in the use of intervention components.

Conclusions
Measurements of accessibility and interventions provided to individual service users gave a detailed description of CRT practices and differences between teams. Such measurements may be helpful as feedback on clinical practice, for studying and comparing crisis resolution team practices, and in future studies on the association between different outcomes and potential critical elements of crisis interventions.
Changing the home visiting research paradigm: models’ perspectives on behavioral pathways and intervention techniques to promote good birth outcomes
Authors: Duggan Anne K. , Bower Kelly M. , Spinosa Ciara Z. , O’Neill Kay , Daro Deborah , Harding Kathryn , Ingalls Allison , Kemner Allison , Marchesseault Crista , Thorland William 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The US is scaling up evidence-based home visiting to promote health equity in expectant families and families with young children. Persistently small average effects for full models argue for a new research paradigm to understand what interventions within models work best, for which families, in which contexts, why, and how. Historically, the complexity and proprietary nature of most evidence-based models have been barriers to such research. To address this, stakeholders are building the Precision Paradigm, a common framework and language to define and test interventions and their mediators and moderators. This observational study used portions of an early version of the Precision Paradigm to describe models’ intended behavioral pathways to good birth outcomes and their stance on home visitors’ use of specific intervention technique categories to promote families’ progress along intended pathways.

Methods
Five evidence-based home visiting models participated. Model representatives independently completed three structured surveys focused on 41 potential behavioral pathways to good birth outcomes, and 23 behavior change technique categories. Survey data were used to describe and compare models’ intended behavioral pathways, explicit endorsement of behavior change technique categories, expectations for home visitors’ relative emphasis in using endorsed technique categories, and consistency in endorsing technique categories across intended pathways.

Results
Models differed substantially in nearly all respects: their intended pathways to good birth outcomes (range 16–41); the number of technique categories they endorsed in any intended pathway (range 12–23); the mean number of technique categories they endorsed per intended pathway (range 1.5–20.0); and their consistency in endorsing technique categories across intended pathways (22%-100% consistency). Models were similar in rating nearly all behavior change technique categories as at least compatible with their model, even if not explicitly endorsed.

Conclusions
Models successfully used components of the Precision Paradigm to define and differentiate their intended behavioral pathways and their expectations for home visitors’ use of specific technique categories to promote family progress on intended pathways. Use of the Precision Paradigm can accelerate innovative cross-model research to describe current models and to learn which interventions within home visiting work best for which families, in which contexts, why and how.
The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH: Exercise interveNtion outdoor proJect in the cOmmunitY for older people—More Active People for HEALTHier communities: a study protocol
Authors: Levinger Pazit , Dunn Jeremy , Abfalter Emma , Dow Briony , Batchelor Frances , Garratt Stephanie , Diamond Neil T , Hill Keith D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is important to maintain health in older age, with physical activity in the outdoors providing mental and physical health benefits for all age groups. One way by which older people can engage in physical activity in the outdoors is through using suitable age-friendly outdoor exercise equipment, the Seniors Exercise Park. The ENJOY MAP for HEALTH aims to evaluate the effect of the Seniors Exercise Park installation and associated capacity building activities on park visitation, park-based physical activity by older people and delivery of community physical activity programs.

Method
This study is a quasi-experimental (natural experiment) with pre and post study design evaluating the effect of age-friendly outdoor spaces with specialised outdoor exercise equipment on older people’s physical activity and wellbeing in six Victorian municipalities (local governments/councils). Each council will undergo four stages (site construction and development, promotion and marketing, capacity building and training, evaluation and sustainability). Several activities and methods will be employed from stage one through stage four to evaluate the potential impact of the age-friendly outdoor spaces on physical activity and wellbeing and will comprise the following elements: site observation and equipment utilisation, face to face intercept surveys, development of an online access monitor and community building activities.

Discussion
The project is expected to result in a significant change in the physical outdoor environment for the participating councils and communities whereby older people and other community members will be able to engage in safe physical and social activity programs, socialise more and hence improve the overall wellbeing of older people.

Trial registration
This trial is retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number ACTRN12621000965808. Date registered 23/07/2021.
Sex and gender differences in depressive symptoms in older workers: the role of working conditions
Authors: de Breij Sascha , Huisman Martijn , Boot Cécile R. L. , Deeg Dorly J. H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Female older workers generally leave the work force earlier than men. Depressive symptoms are a risk factor of early work exit and are more common in women. To extend working lives, pathways leading to these sex inequalities need to be identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of sex and gender with depressive symptoms in older workers, and the role of working conditions in this association.

Methods
We used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2012–2013/2015–2016, n = 313). Our outcome was depressive symptoms, measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We included biological sex, a gender index ranging from masculine to feminine (consisting of six items measuring gender roles: working hours, income, occupation segregation, education, informal caregiving, time spent on household chores), and working conditions (physical demands, psychosocial demands, cognitive demands, autonomy, task variation, social support) in our models. We examined the differential vulnerability hypothesis, i.e., sex/gender moderates the association between working conditions and depressive symptoms, and the differential exposure hypothesis, i.e., working conditions mediate the association between sex/gender and depressive symptoms.

Results
Female sex and feminine gender were both associated with more depressive symptoms. The differential vulnerability hypothesis was not supported by our results. We did find that femininity was negatively associated with autonomy and task variation. In turn, these working conditions were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, autonomy and task variation partially mediated the association between gender and depressive symptoms, supporting the differential exposure hypothesis. Mediation effects for sex inequalities were not significant.

Conclusions
Older female workers and older feminine workers have more depressive symptoms than their male/masculine counterparts. Autonomy and task variation appeared to be important in – partially – explaining gender differences in depressive symptoms rather than sex differences. By improving these conditions, gender inequality in mental health among older workers can be reduced, so that both genders have similar chances to reach the retirement age in good mental health.