bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Keynote) Bioelectrocatalytic Systems Based on Microcapsules, Glyconanoparticles and Microcavities
Authors: Cosnier Serge , Buzzetti Paulo Henrique , Nedellec Yannig , Brachi Monica , Gorgy Karine , Gondran Chantal , Shan Dan , Borsali Redouane 
Published: July 2022

For four decades, the functionalization of electrodes by biomaterials based on electrogenerated polymers, carbon nanotubes and / or nano-objects, was widely used in the field of analytical chemistry and energy conversion. Recently, we redesigned enzymatic bioelectrodes in order to produce original objects. An innovative concept of reagentless biosensors based on enzymatic reduction of oxygen was developed by trapping and releasing the substrate of the enzyme (catechol) from the structure of the biosensor. A polyurethane support modified by two perforated microcapsules filled with catechol was easily transformed into a bioelectrode by the successive deposition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and a mixture of laponite clay and tyrosinase enzyme [1].
On the other hand, the development of glyconanoparticles resulting from the self-assembly of block copolymers composed of polystyrene and cyclodextrin as an inclusion site will be reported. These glyconanoparticles, which are stable in suspension in aqueous media, have an outer layer composed of cyclodextrin [2]. The latter allows a post-functionalization of the nanoparticle by hydrophobic molecules through host-guest interactions. It appears that it is possible to modulate the site density of βCD at the surface of the shell of the hybrid glyconanoparticles while maintaining its inclusion properties. Moreover, the anchoring of glyconanoparticles to the surface of electrodes has been carried out by host-guest interactions with electrogenerated polymers. The efficient immobilization of the nanoparticles allows the anchoring of multilayers of biotinylated glucose oxidase.
Finally, a new generation of bioelectrodes for oxygen reduction and electrical energy production will be described. This approach is based on the design of flat electrodes made of permeable and conductive materials defining a very thin microcavity with a large surface area containing, in a microvolume, enzymes in powder form. The concept has been demonstrated with bilirubin oxidase (BOD) for the electroenzymatic reduction of oxygen in water. Besides the influence of the amount of enzyme trapped in the microcavity on the performance of the bioelectrode, the functionalization of the electrodes by adsorption of redox mediators or compounds allowing an orientation of the BOD favorable to electron transfer was also explored. After 5 months of storage in an aqueous buffer, the bioelectrode exhibits 20% of its initial electro-enzymatic activity.

Y. Nedellec, C. Gondran, K. Gorgy, S. MC Murtry, O. El Mazria, P. Agostini, S. Cosnier. Biosens. Bioelectron., 180, 113137-113141(2021).

M. Carrière, P. H. M. Buzzetti, K. Gorgy, M. Mumtaz, C. Travelet, R. Borsali, S. Cosnier. Nanomaterials 11 (2021) 1162. doi.org/10.3390/nano11051162.
The Behavior of Carbon-Coated Nanoparticles in Oxidizing and Reducing Gas Environment in Environment TEM (E-TEM) Mode
Authors: Doan Huong , Sgarbi Ricardo , Aouine Mimoun , Geantet Christophe , Chatenet Marian 
Published: July 2022

The idea of a carbon-coated nanoparticles for electrochemical catalysis is not new and was widely used in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) [1], since the carbon coating acts as a barrier to prevent severe oxidation, thus protecting the nanoparticles from detrimental and irreversible degradation/corrosion. Recently, this type of catalyst was demonstrated to show excellent durability towards hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions (HOR and HER), but also oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER and ORR), both in acid and (especially) in alkaline environment. For example, in alkaline media, Gao et. al and Doan et. al did show the excellent performance of carbon-coated Ni nanoparticles in both HOR and HER, vs. non-coated Ni; the latter degraded quickly because of severe oxidation/passivation or severe hydride poisoning. [2,3]
In this work, we synthesize carbon-coated Pd or Pd-Ni nanoparticles that are supported Vulcan carbon and study their electrochemical response in RDE. Their behavior is compared to non-carbon-coated Pd or Pd-Ni. The two kinds of catalysts materials are also thoroughly evaluated in environmental transmission electron microscopy (E-TEM) mode, using various temperature, either in high vacuum, oxygen, or hydrogen gas; these conditions were applied to mimic the inert or oxidizing/reducing environments witnessed in operating fuel cells and observe the behavior of the nanoparticles in such conditions. The experiments were conducted using a FEI TITAN E-TEM at IRCELYON, and the fast camera in the system provided the video of described experiments. It is shown that the carbon-coated Pd or Pd-Ni nanoparticles have enhanced robustness than their non-coated counterparts.

References

[1] Lo Vecchio, C.; Aricò, A.S.; Baglio, V. Materials
2018, 11(7), 1193.
[2] Gao, Y. et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces
2020, 12 (28), 31575–31581.
[3] Doan, H. et al.
J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021 168 084501
A Hand-Held Scanner for Dorsal Venous Network Pattern Identification
Authors: Shin YoungHo , Mohr Tristan , Kapany Rajbir , Leblanc Tyler , Taylor Joey , Conaway Nathan 
Published: July 2022

For many years, medical professionals have relied on limited technology to locate the veins within their patients, however, this method has proven less effective for pediatric and elderly patients [1]. We propose a low-cost handheld scanner that determines the dorsal vein locations of a hand and uses the venous patterns to identify the patient. A hand dorsal vein pattern makes an excellent patient identification method in clinics or hospitals with more complex situations, as wearing personal protective equipment such as a mask can make it difficult to identify patients. The system also offers basic biological information about the patient, such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation.
The scanner consists of 36 LEDs of red wavelength (625 nm) and NIR (near-infrared) wavelength (850 nm) which are used to display the dorsal vascular system. LED strips are incorporated into a 3D-printed jig that can be comfortably held by the patient. NIR LEDs are used as they are highly absorbed by oxygenated hemoglobin in the bloodstream, thus making veins more visible [2]. A webcam is used to capture the vascular pattern, which is then transferred and stored to the laptop computer for image processing and pattern recognition. The captured image is then processed through an algorithm consisting of multiple stages of filters to display dilated binary images of the vein patterns of the hand. As the light penetration rate of each patient's hand varies due to differences in skin color, thickness, and size, the scanner actively adjusts the intensity of the LEDs to increase the contrast of vein patterns. The images captured with different intensities of LED lights were subsequently analyzed using the algorithm developed to evaluate the ability to detect hand venous patterns.
In summary, we have developed a device and programmed an algorithm for processing an image of the dorsal venous network of the hand in real-time considering all possible hand characteristics. This device offers a new technological advancement for the medical field that could greatly benefit procedures used for vein finding in clinical settings in the future.
References
[1] V. M. Naik, S. S. P. Mantha, and B. K. Rayani, Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 63, 737-745 (2019)
[2] A. Madrid García and P. R. Horche, Results in Physics, 11, 975-983 (2018)

Figure 1
Wash- and Separation-Free Electrochemical Detection of Proteases
Authors: Yang Haesik 
Published: July 2022

Proteases play crucial roles in biological systems, including digestion, catabolism, and cell signaling. Indirect detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva, based on proteolytic cleavage by an Arg-specific gingipain (Arg-gingipain) protease, has traditionally been used for simple, initial diagnosis of periodontitis. To accurately detect P. gingivalis using a point-of-care format, development of a simple biosensor that can measure the exact concentration of P. gingivalis is required. However, electrochemical detection in saliva is challenging due to the presence of various interfering electroactive species in different concentrations. Here, we report a washing- and separation-free electrochemical biosensor for sensitive detection of P. gingivalis in saliva. Glycine–proline–arginine conjugated with 4-aminophenol (AP) was used as an electrochemical substrate for a trypsin-like Arg-gingipain, and glycylglycine was used to increase the Arg-gingipain activity. The electrochemical signal of AP was increased using electrochemical–chemical (EC) redox cycling involving an electrode, AP, and tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, and the electrochemical charge signal was corrected using the initial charge obtained before a 15 min incubation period. The EC redox cycling combined with the matrix-corrected signal facilitated a high and reproducible signal without requiring washing and separation steps. The proteolytic cleavage of the electrochemical substrate was specific to P. gingivalis. The calculated detection limit for P. gingivalis in artificial saliva was 5 × 105 colony-forming units/mL, and the concentration of P. gingivalis in human saliva could be measured. The developed biosensor can be used as an initial diagnosis method to distinguish between healthy people and patients with periodontal diseases.
References

S. Park, K. Park, H. S. Na, J. Jung, H. Yang, Anal. Chem. 93, 5644 (2021)

S. Park, J. Shin, J. Kwon, W. Lee, J. Kim, G. Kim, J. M. Joo, H. Yang, ACS Sens. 6, 1305 (2021)

S. Park, G. Kim, J. Seo, H. Yang, Anal. Chem. 88, 11995 (2016)

S. Park, Y. M. Shin, J. Seo, J.-J. Song, H. Yang, Analyst 141, 2481 (2016)

S. Park, Y. Shin, J.-J. Song, H. Yang, Biosens. Bioelectron. 72, 211 (2015)

S. Park, H. Yang, Analyst, 139, 4051 (2014)
A Novel Electrochemical Differentiation between Exosomal-RNA of Breast Cancer MCF7 and MCF7/ADR-Resistant Cells
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed , Abd Elnaser Anwar , El Sawy Ehab 
Published: July 2022

Improving health is a crucial social target that has a direct impact on better lives for billions and an indirect impact on the economy. Cancer is considered one of the most burdening diseases on better lives and hence the economy in all countries due to the high cost of health care and productivity deficiency. Therefore, the efforts to prevent, early detect, cost-effectively treat cancer become more important than ever. Chemotherapy is an essential step for cancer treatment in numerous cases. However, chemotherapy has severe side effects and a significant portion of patients do not respond to the treatment while suffering from these painful side effects. Doxorubicin, commercially known as Adriamycin, is a chemotherapy medication for several types of cancer. Our work aims for identifying the patients who have a resistance to Adriamycin chemotherapy.
Exosomes nanovesicles contain proteins, mRNA, and microRNAs (miRNAs) that exist in most body fluids and are expelled by multiple cell types including cancer cells1. Exosomes' unique composition allows them to represent their parental cells, which makes them promising biomarkers for tumor prognosis2. Conventional detection techniques necessitate enormous amounts of samples and extensive technical steps. Exosomal-RNA has been significantly used as a promising biomarker for tumor prognosis3. Herein, we describe the construction of a novel and cost-effective electrochemical system to sensitively differentiate between the exosomal-RNA of breast cancer MCF7 and MCF7/ADR-resistant cells, using four different electrochemical techniques; Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV), Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). The high sensitivity of the proposed bio-electrochemical sensor opens the door for further investigation that address the other type of cancer cells.

References

R. Kalluri, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 126, 1208–1215 (2016).

H. Im, K. Lee, R. Weissleder, H. Lee, and C. M. Castro, Lab on a Chip, 17, 2892–2898 (2017).

D. Taller et al., Lab on a Chip, 15, 1656–1666 (2015).
Handling the Carbonates: Interfacial Engineering of Garnet Electrolytes
Authors: Cuevas Ignacio Andrés , Nkosi Funeka , Edstrom Kristina , Valvo Mario 
Published: July 2022

Since Murugan et al. [1] discovered the Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) inorganic solid state electrolyte composition, extensive work has been devoted to understanding its behavior and optimizing its structural and compositional features. Although improvement of its bulk and composition has allowed reaching ionic conductivities roughly in the range of mS/cm, much more work is needed in terms of assembling actual all-solid-state batteries by using this material.
In this work, we aim at a two fold improvement of the LLZO surface contact with the electrodes by not only creating a new layer on the surface of this ceramic electrolyte, but also by converting the non-conductive lithium carbonate layer [2] that forms on the LLZO surface upon air exposure. Through this rational approach, we expect a chemically relevant surface transformation, linked to a change in the electrochemical performance, via facilitation of the ionic transport through the surface of the ceramic pellet and an improved interface contact. LLZO pellets are treated with boric acid [3] in order to form borate species on their surface, substituting totally or partially the carbonate species that hinder ionic conductivity on the surface. The influence of both atmospheric
exposure, treatment and stirring on the resulting pellets is tracked via Raman, XPS and XRD analyses to obtain a comparison and assess the impact of these factors. The final effect of the boric acid treatment is checked via SEM-EDX and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses, to determine both morphological and electrochemical effects of the surface modification, which will further influence the interfacial characteristics of the pellet with both electrodes, with a special focus on the lithium side. Our results show an improvement of the surface properties of the pellets, due to the morphological and chemical modification of the LLZO surface, without
affecting the bulk properties.
[1] Ramaswamy Murugan, Venkataraman Thangadurai, and Werner Weppner. “Fast lithium ion conduction in garnet-type Li7La 3Zr2O12”. In: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 46.41 (2007), pp. 7778–7781. issn: 14337851. doi: 10.1002/anie.200701144. [2] Asma Sharafi et al. “Impact of air exposure and surface chemistry on Li-Li7La3Zr2O12 interfacial resistance”. In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5.26 (2017), pp. 13475–13487. issn: 20507496. doi: 10.1039/c7ta03162a. [3] Yadong Ruan et al. “Acid induced conversion towards a robust and lithiophilic interface for Li-Li7La3Zr2O12 solid-state batteries”. In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7.24 (2019), pp. 14565–14574. issn: 20507496. doi: 10.1039/c9ta01911a.

Figure 1
Combining Promising Electrolyte Research and 3D Printing: Ionic Liquid Based Printable Membrane Materials
Authors: Lange Alyna , Zehbe Kerstin , Elamin Khalid , Abdurrokhman Iqbaal , Wojnarowska Zaneta , Paluch Marian , Taubert Andreas 
Published: July 2022

As promising components in energy devices such as fuel or solar cells and batteries ionic liquids (ILs) are discussed due to their promising properties. These salts with melting points below 100 °C show e.g., high thermal and electrochemical stability, high ionic conductivities and non-flammability, making them interesting candidates for use as electrolytes.[1]

One of the most pressing global issues of our time, when disregarding the current COVID19 crisis, is the climate change with its well-known challenges concerning the climate policy and the energy economy. In this context due to their many benefits, the aforementioned fuel cells and batteries are being discussed as potential appliances, although there are some disadvantages attached to these technologies. Most polymer-electrolyte-membrane (PEM) fuel cells work with Nafion®, a sulfonated fluorocopolymer, as their membrane. Nafion® however loses conductivity at higher temperatures due to dehydration, limiting its operation temperature to around 80 °C at ambient pressure.[2] ILs are considered compounds that can overcome these limitations as they offer high conductivities even at elevated temperatures.
For the applications as electrolytes in the aforementioned systems the immobilization of the ILs is necessary, however, to prevent leaking and realize proper function.[1] The resulting ionogels (IGs) then combine the properties of the polymer matrix, i.e. its mechanical stability, with the characteristics of the respective IL. A suitable method to realize precise geometries and shapes for these membranes is given by 3D printing, which offers adaptable electrolyte design.[3]

The synthesis and characterization of ILs for ion (specifically proton) conduction is the aim of this work. These ILs exhibit wide electrochemical and thermal stability windows. The ionic conductivities of the investigated compounds range between 10-2 - 10-4 S/cm at elevated temperatures. The ILs are furthermore investigated under aspects of ion and proton transport via different spectroscopy methods.[3,4] Moreover, the ILs are immobilized in different matrix materials to provide flexible and transparent IGs that contain up to 80 wt% of IL. Additionally, successful 3D-printing and structuring of the IGs is also demonstrated.[3]

[1] M. Martinez, et al, Journal of Power Sources, 2010,
195, 5829-5839.
[2] J. Le Bideau, et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 907-925.
[3] K. Zehbe, et al., Energy Fuels, 2019, 33, 12885-12893.
[4] Z. Wojnarowska, et al., ACS Appl.
Mater. Interfaces,
2021, 13, 30614–30624.
Room Temperature, Ambient Pressure Synthesis of Urea By Electrolysis and Its Accurate and Consistent Measurement
Authors: Akther Jasmeen , Song Chaojie , Tsay Ken , Fatih Khalid , Pickup Peter 
Published: July 2022

There is rapidly growing interest in the electrochemical reduction of both nitrite and carbon dioxide to mitigate environmental concerns and produce fuels and commodity chemicals (1). Urea is an important target in this area since it is the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer, and can also be used as a fuel and source of hydrogen. It can be produced simultaneously by electrochemical coreduction of NO2
- and CO2 (2-7). Various TiO2 based catalysts such as Cu-doped TiO2 (7) and FeTiO3 (4) have been reported to be effective for co-reduction of CO2 and NO2
-. Metallophthalocyanine catalysts have also been found to be effective in a gas-diffusion electrode configuration under ambient conditions (3).
The primary objective of this research is to develop fast and straightforward methodologies that can be routinely used to comprehensively evaluate and compare commercial and new catalysts for co-electrolysis of CO2 and NO2
- in an anion exchange membrane multi-cathode electrolysis cell under ambient conditions. The second objective is using this methodology to synthesize urea and develop reliable and consistent urea measurement methods using various techniques including spectrophotometric, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and enzyme-based methods. It was found that NO2
- and the electrolyte can cause interference during urea measurement. In this research, commercial catalysts such as iron (II) phthalocyanine were used for co-electrolysis of CO2 and NO2
-.

Acknowledgements

This project is funded in part by the Government of Canada. / Ce projet est financé en partie par le gouvernement du Canada, and by Memorial University

References

C. Tang, Y. Zheng, M. Jaroniec and S. Z. Qiao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 60, 19572 (2021).

M. Shibata, K. Yoshida and N. Furuya, J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 2348 (1998).

M. Shibata and N. Furuya, Electrochim. Acta, 48, 3953 (2003).

P. Siva, P. Prabu, M. Selvam, S. Karthik and V. Rajendran, Ionics, 23, 1871 (2017).

Y. G. Feng, H. Yang, Y. Zhang, X. Q. Huang, L. G. Li, T. Cheng and Q. Shao, Nano Lett., 20, 8282 (2020).

N. N. Meng, Y. M. Huang, Y. Liu, Y. F. Yu and B. Zhang, Cell Reports Physical Science, 2 (2021).

N. Cao, Y. L. Quan, A. X. Guan, C. Yang, Y. L. Ji, L. J. Zhang and G. F. Zheng, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 577, 109 (2020).
Optimizing Battery Manufacturing Decision-Making Using Lifecycle Assessment
Authors: Hsu Emily , Kleven Melissa 
Published: July 2022

The global demand for batteries is projected to increase by 25% annually, reaching ~2,600 GWh in 2030. As the world shifts to electric mobility, particularly EVs, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change, research efforts on recycling and recovery of critical elements from lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have increased, leading to the development and advancement of technologies that utilize conventional and state-of-the-art recycling processes. Hydrometallurgical processing continues to be the most widely used method for recycling metals from LIB, but over the last few years, direct recycling has gained attention as a more sustainable and efficient process. While direct-recycling technologies are promising, most direct-recycling processes remain small in scale and are costly in terms of the equipment needed to recover metals from spent LIB. As such, materials selection in battery manufacturing and overall battery chemistry and design have become increasingly important. The development of new battery chemistries that are less reliant on critical metals, such as cobalt, has become a prominent area of interest, and material criticality has become a major driver for battery recycling and reuse.
Battery manufacturing is at a crossroads of decision-making with growing demands that overshadow available resources, reliance on imports, challenges in developing sustainable recycling processes that achieve increasingly stringent materials specifications, changing environmental regulations, and the need to identify and reduce potential environmental impacts for this growing waste stream. The best solutions will engage stakeholders from a variety of specialties who consider the battery lifecycle and the impact of each decision on the entire battery lifecycle. This presentation highlights one set of challenges - tradeoffs in materials selection with environmental regulatory compliance burdens and risks.