bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of high MELD scores on CMV viremia following liver transplantation
Authors: Freedman Sari R. , Saunders Kenneth , Plazak Michael E. , Ravichandran Bharath R. , Saharia Kapil K. , Masters Brian M. , Sparkes Tracy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAdvanced liver disease or cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of infections; however, the impact of high pretransplant model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score on cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia after liver transplantation is unknown.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective, cohort study evaluated CMV high‐risk (CMV immunoglobulin G D+/R−) liver transplant recipients who received valganciclovir prophylaxis for 3 months between 2009 and 2019. Patients were stratified by pretransplant MELD score of <35 (low MELD) and ≥35 (high MELD). The primary outcome was 12‐month CMV viremia, and secondary outcomes included CMV resistance and tissue invasive disease, mortality, biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR), leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards modeling was used to assess the association of MELD score with the time to CMV viremia.ResultsThere were 162 and 79 patients in the low and high MELD groups, respectively. Pretransplant MELD score ≥35 was associated with an increased risk of CMV viremia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.73; confidence interval 1.06–2.82, p = .03). CMV viremia occurred at 162 ± 61 days in the low MELD group and 139 ± 62 days in the high MELD group. Although BPAR occurred early at 30 days (13–59) in the low‐MELD group and at 18 days (11–66) in the high‐MELD group (p = .56), BPAR was not associated with an increased risk of CMV viremia (HR 1.55 [0.93–2.60], p = .1).DiscussionMELD scores ≥35 were associated with an increased hazards of CMV viremia. In liver transplant recipients with MELD scores ≥35 who are CMV high‐risk, additional CMV intervention may be warranted.
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Design of Energy Storage for Assisting Extraction Condensing Unit to Peak Regulation and Frequency Modulation
Authors: Sun Haocheng , Wei Shuzhou , Qian Jiangbo , Wang Jinxing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Coupling energy storage system is one of the potential ways to improve the peak regulation and frequency modulation performance for the existing combined heat power plant. Based on the characteristics of energy storage types, achieving the accurate parameter design for multiple energy storage has been a necessary step to coordinate regulation. In this work, heat storage tank for peak regulation and flywheel energy storage for frequency modulation have been carried out, including the parameters design and performance evaluation for their charging (or discharging) rate and capacity, and the collaborative optimization of dual energy storage systems has been realized. First, the effects of increasing peak depth, load change rate (frequency modulation) range, and energy storage parameters are further analyzed. It is worth noting that the power curves of regional thermal and electrical loads would be adjusted according to the set requirements. Results showed that, the set rate of charge and discharge as well as the capacity of energy storage is conducive to improving the peak regulation depth of the system, and the peak regulation depth would reach its limit at 96.35 MW and 40.83 MWh in the calculation cases, respectively. On this basis, the cooperative regulation of dual energy storage can further increase the capability of peak regulation and frequency modulation. The extreme point is that when the charge and discharge rates are both 3 MW, and meanwhile the peak clipping coefficient, a self-defined parameter, reaches 22.34 MW. Furthermore, an example calculation is carried out to verify the reliability of the design method of energy storage parameter. The specific parameters set include the charging and discharging rate of energy storage tank equipment is 61.67 MW, and its capacity is 10.64 MWh, and the charging and discharging rate of flywheel energy storage equipment is 3 MW. The example results confirmed that there was only a very small error between the set results and the calculation results. Finally, the thermal-electric load region has been drawn to contrast the key roles of dual energy storage systems, which indicates that the heat storage tank can be used for peak regulation and flywheel energy storage for frequency modulation. Overall, the parameter design method for dual energy storage can meet the engineering requirements and provide a new direction for the subsequent parameter design of thermal power unit coupled energy storage system.
Calculating Cooled Turbine Efficiency With Weighted Cooling Flow Distributions
Authors: Berdanier Reid A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability to accurately characterize the thermal efficiency of turbine stages with cooled components is essential to advance turbine technologies. There are many methods for calculating aerodynamic efficiency of turbomachinery components, with most encompassing either single point or simple integrated values at the inlet and exit locations. For cooled turbine stages, there is an added complexity of how to incorporate cooling flow streams. Although these techniques may include multiple cooling flows, a fully mixed assumption is often invoked without directly accounting for distributions of cooling flow in the annulus. However, the distribution of cooling flows in turbine stages may vary significantly depending on the location and nature of injection. This study addresses how calculated efficiency may vary depending upon how cooling flows are injected and the manner in which these cooling flows are accounted. The analyses utilize experimentally measured cooling flow concentration profiles to motivate a new approach for calculating cooled turbine efficiency with weighted cooling flow distributions. Validation data for a one-stage high-pressure turbine geometry from the energy efficient engine (E3) program are assessed to determine the range of influence for cooling flow distributions. Results show that cooling flows injected at similar axial positions can have unequal influences on integrated stage efficiency based on known distributions of cooling flow and other properties at the turbine stage exit plane. In some cases, deviations approaching half a point of efficiency can be observed relative to traditional equations, and the magnitude of influence is shown to increase as stage total pressure ratio decreases.
Health professional’s implicit bias of adult patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) and its effects on clinical decision-making: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Job Claire , Adenipekun Bami , Cleves Anne , Samuriwo Ray 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionDespite efforts to improve population health and reduce health inequalities, higher morbidity and mortality rates for people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) persist. People with lower SES are said to receive worse care and have worse outcomes compared with those with higher SES, in part due to bias and prejudice. Implicit biases adversely affect professional patient relationships and influence healthcare-related decision-making. A better understanding of the relationship between SES and healthcare-related decision-making is therefore essential to address socioeconomic inequalities in health.AimTo scope the reported impact of health professionals bias about SES on clinical decision-making and its effect on the care of adults with lower SES in wider literature.MethodsThis scoping review will use Joanna Briggs Institute methods and will report its findings in line with Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols and Scoping Reviews guidelines. Data analysis, interpretation and reporting will be underpinned by the PAGER (Patterns,Advances,Gaps,Evidence for Practice andResearch recommendations) framework and input from a patient and public interest representative. A systematic search for literature will be conducted on various, pertinent databases to identify relevant literature such as peer-reviewed articles, editorials, discussion papers and empirical research papers. Additionally, other sources of relevant literature such as policies, guidelines, reports and conference abstracts, identified through key website searches will be considered for inclusion.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be disseminated through an open access peer-reviewed international journal, conference presentations and a plain language summary that will be shared with the public and other relevant stakeholders.
Describing post-traumatic stress disorder and its associations with depression, anxiety and insomnia: a descriptive study in Italian adults with Marfan syndrome during the COVID-19 third wave
Authors: Udugampolage Nathasha , Caruso Rosario , Magon Arianna , Conte Gianluca , Callus Edward , Taurino Jacopo , Pini Alessandro 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThe evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety and insomnia in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in a region of northern Italy (Lombardy) and the investigation of which mental health, sociodemographic and clinical factors were associated with PTSD.DesignDescriptive observational design with cross-sectional data collection procedure.SettingA single Italian MFS-specific specialised and reference centre in Lombardy (Italy) between February and April 2021.Participants112 adults with MFS. The majority of participants were female (n=64; 57.1%), with a high school diploma (n=52; 46.4%) and active workers (n=66; 58.9%). The mean age was 41.89 years (SD=14.00), and the mean time from diagnosis was 15.18 years (SD=11.91).Primary and secondary outcomesDescriptive statistics described PTSD, which was the primary outcome, as well as depression, anxiety and insomnia, which were the secondary outcomes. Four linear regression models described the predictors of PTSD total score and its three domains: avoidance, intrusion and hyperarousal.ResultsOne out of 10 patients with MFS had mild psychological symptoms regarding depression, anxiety and insomnia, and scores of PTSD that indicated clinical worries about the mental health status. The presence of PTSD was mainly predicted by anxiety (β=0.647; p<0.001), being older, taking psychoactive medication and being unemployed.ConclusionDepression, anxiety and insomnia should be monitored in patients with MFS in order to minimise PTSD insurgence. Specific psychosocial interventions should be developed and tested for this population and adopted in clinical practice, given the relevance of mental health outcomes during the pandemic.
Investigation and monitoring of heavy metal poisoning
Authors: Barlow Nicola L , Bradberry Sally M 
Published: December 2022

Historically, heavy metal measurement and interpretation has been a highly specialised area performed only in a handful of centres within the UK. However, recent years have seen a move to more local testing due to the repatriation of referred work into pathology networks and the increased availability of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology. While management of significant poisoning is still overseen by tertiary care poisoning specialists, management of milder cases may be undertaken locally.Non-specialist clinical scientists and clinicians need to know when heavy metal testing is appropriate, which samples are required (and any specific requirements around collection) and how to interpret and act on the results.This Best Practice article provides guidance on the investigation and monitoring of the toxic elements most frequently encountered in general medical practice; lead, mercury and arsenic. It is intended as a reference guide for the non-specialist and as a comprehensive summary for clinical toxicologists and clinical scientists.
Revisiting the Baroclinic Eddy Scalings in Two-Layer, Quasigeostrophic Turbulence: Effects of Partial Barotropization
Authors: Chen Shih-Nan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, modifications of the Held scaling (Held) are proposed and tested against simulations of f-plane, two-layer quasigeostrophic turbulence. The aim is to better constrain the eddy mixing length and rms barotropic velocity in response to varied quadratic and linear bottom drag. The proposed modifications allow eddies to be partially barotropized, to relax the commonly invoked barotropization approximation, and consider a drag-dependent cascade rate per energy input, to account for the lack of an inertial range. Quantitative comparisons with the vortex gas scaling are also carried out. It is shown that the progressively weakened sensitivity in eddy scales to increased drag strength is mainly a result of eddy partial barotropization. For both drag forms except toward the limit of weak linear drag, accounting for partial barotropization alone leads to good predictions of eddy velocity, although not of mixing length. It also partly resolves the degeneracy of balance constraints for linear drag because partial barotropization acts like scale-dependent damping. Adding a cascade correction, which is interpreted as allowing for changes in spectral room for cascade, further improves the mixing length representation. Overall, the proposed theory can augment the existing scalings by extending the eddy scale predictions to O(1) quadratic drag and has skills generally comparable to the vortex gas scaling for linear drag. However, toward the weak linear drag limit where eddies approach complete barotropization, the proposed theory breaks down but the vortex gas performs well. Potential issues concerning the applicability of vortex gas to this limit are discussed.
Stochastic Ordering Inequalities in Parallel and Series Systems with Gumble Distributed Components
Authors: Biswas Surojit , Gupta Nitin 
Published: December 2022

The stochastic comparisons of parallel and series systems are worthy of study. In this article, we present some stochastic comparisons of parallel and series systems having independent components from Gumble distribution which is also known as an extreme value type-I distribution with two parameters (one location and one shape). This study only deals with the location parameter. Here, we first put a condition for the likelihood ratio ordering of the parallel systems and second, we use the concept of vector majorization technique to compare the systems by the reversed failure rate ordering, the failure rate ordering, the dispersive ordering, and the less uncertainty ordering with respect to the location parameter. AMS 2020 subject classifications: 62G30, 60E15, 60K10
Analysis on the Legal Definition of Jus Cogens Provided in Article 53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Authors: Pak Hui-Chol , Son Hye-Ryon , Jong Son-Gyong 
Published: December 2022

The 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties is a fundamental treaty providing rights and obligations that states assume in the conclusion and implementation of treaties. Some of the provisions of the Convention, however, continue to divide the legal scholarship. One of them concerns the legal definition of jus cogens provided in Article 53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The international community, particularly the International Law Commission, has exerted strenuous efforts for a long time to reach a consensus on jus cogens. Nevertheless, the legal definition of jus cogens is still open to varying interpretation among different countries and international publicists. In this light, the article analyses the legal definition of jus cogens in three aspects. First, the connotation of the concept ‘peremptory norms of general international law’ is assessed in terms of particular, general and universal international law. Second, it analyses some problems arising in understanding the non-derogability from and modifiability of jus cogens. Finally, the article discusses some issues regarding ‘acceptance and recognition’ of jus cogens by the ‘international community of states as a whole’.
Effects of clozapine treatment on the improvement of substance use disorders other than nicotine in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rafizadeh Reza , Danilewitz Marlon , Bousman Chad A , Mathew Nickie , White Randall F , Bahji Anees , Honer William G , Schütz Christian G 
Published: December 2022

Background: Antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and are associated with a reduction in psychiatric hospitalization and overall mortality. Some evidence suggest that antipsychotic medications might have a varying effect on the improvement of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs), with clozapine showing more favorable outcomes. Aim: We systematically reviewed all available evidence on effects of clozapine on the improvement of SUDs other than nicotine. Methods: Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINHAL were conducted up to March 1, 2022. Studies of any methodological design involving two concepts: (1) clozapine and (2) SUD terms (excluding nicotine) were included. For SUD outcomes with three or more comparative studies with available raw data meta-analysis was performed. SUD outcomes not meeting criteria for meta-analysis were described qualitatively. Risk of bias was examined using “Downs and Black,” and “Q-Coh” instruments. Results: The majority of individuals in the included 31 studies were male and of European ancestry. Abstinence was the most common outcome. Most of the studies were of low-to-moderate quality, and none of the studies met all the quality criteria. Pooled findings from four observational studies in samples of patients with predominantly comorbid alcohol use disorder showed that clozapine treatment is associated with significantly higher odds of remaining abstinent. In addition clozapine was associated with decreased odds of psychiatric hospitalization in all but one observational study. Conclusions: Our systematic review and meta-analysis builds upon previous reviews, and it suggests the association of clozapine treatment with significantly higher odds of remaining abstinent from substance use and decreased likelihood of psychiatric hospitalization, compared with continuing treatment with other antipsychotic medications. Still, the validity of this association needs greater exploration and providing recommendations for the utility of clozapine in individuals without treatment-resistant psychosis and comorbid SUDs would be premature.
Analysis of Sex-Specific Prostanoid Production Using a Mouse Model of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition
Authors: Upmacis Rita K , Becker Wendy L , Rattendi Donna M , Bell Raven S , Jordan Kelsey D , Saniei Shayan , Mejia Elena 
Published: December 2022

Background: Prostanoids are a family of lipid mediators formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase enzymes and serve as biomarkers of vascular function. Prostanoid production may be different in males and females indicating that different therapeutic approaches may be required during disease. Objectives: We examined sex-dependent differences in COX-related metabolites in genetically modified mice that produce a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) enzyme containing a tyrosine 385 to phenylalanine (Y385F) mutation. This mutation renders the COX2 enzyme unable to form a key intermediate radical required for complete arachidonic acid metabolism and provides a model of selective COX2 inhibition. Design and Methods: Mice heterozygous for the Y385F mutation in COX2 were mated to produce cohorts of wild-type, heterozygous, and COX2 mutant mice. We investigated whether the genotype distribution followed Mendelian genetics and studied whether sex-specific differences could be found in certain prostanoid levels measured in peritoneal macrophages and in urinary samples. Results: The inheritance of the COX2 mutation displayed a significant deviation with respect to Mendel’s laws of genetics, with a lower-than-expected progeny of weaned COX2 mutant pups. In macrophages, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) stimulation was COX2-dependent in both males and females, and data indicated that crosstalk between the nitric oxide (NO) and COX2 pathways may be sex specific. We observed significant differences in urinary PGE2 production by male and female COX2 mutant mice, with the loss of COX2 activity in male mice decreasing their ability to produce urinary PGE2. Finally, female mice across all 3 genotypes produced similar levels of urinary thromboxane (measured as 11-dehydro TxB2) at significantly higher levels than males, indicating a sex-related difference that is likely COX1-derived. Conclusions: Our findings clearly demonstrate that sex-related differences in COX-derived metabolites can be observed, and that other pathways (such as the NO pathway) are affected.
Prelacrimal Approach to Maxillary Sinus Pathology
Authors: Seresirikachorn Kachorn , Kondo Mickey , Png Lu Hui , Kalish Larry , Campbell Raewyn G. , Alvarado Raquel , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAccess to the anterior, lateral, inferior, and inferomedial maxillary sinus has been a limitation of the middle meatal antrostomy. Expanded techniques such as the modified medial maxillectomy provide access to many of these areas but require remucosalization, and crusting can occur during the recovery phase. The prelacrimal approach (PLA) offers direct 0° endoscope access to these areas. Additionally, PLA can preserve the nasolacrimal duct and mucosal coverage.ObjectivesWe describe the current surgical technique and outcomes of PLA patients.MethodsConsecutive adult patients with pathology addressed by PLA to the maxillary sinus were assessed. The primary outcome was the restoration of the lateral wall, and the secondary outcomes were early (< 90 days) and late morbidity (> 90 days).ResultsForty patients (52.8 ± 17 years, 62.5% female) were assessed. All patients had successful restoration of the lateral nasal wall (100% [95CI: 91.2%-100%]). The complications reported were primarily dysesthesia (early 10% and late 2.5%).ConclusionThe PLA provides robust access to the anterior, lateral, inferior, and inferomedial maxilla. PLA offers rapid mucosal recovery while preserving the normal physiology and the lacrimal systems with low morbidity.
The roles of multinational enterprises in implementing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals at the local level
Authors: Eang Monida , Clarke Amelia , Ordonez-Ponce Eduardo 
Published: December 2022

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a fundamental role in advancing the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs), as they enable cities and communities to reach large-scale solutions. In this article, we analyze 348 MNEs’ sustainability reports with explicit reference to the SDGs to identify the different roles that MNEs play in advancing the SDGs at the local level. Through qualitative content analysis, the literature on MNEs’ roles was validated, extended, and two new roles were found. The five roles of MNEs in local sustainable development that were validated are financer, community capacity builder, product and service provider, partner, and innovator. The three that were extended are employee developer, supply chains and procurement developer, and program deliver, while the two new additions are consultant and awareness raiser. The results of bivariate analyses show that some MNE roles are correlated to headquarter region and the industry sector. The 10 roles are also relevant for implementing all 17 SDGs and 102 of the 169 SDG targets. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M14