bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable nonlinear helical dichroism in chiral and achiral molecules
Authors: Bégin Jean-Luc , Jain Ashish , Parks Andrew , Hufnagel Felix , Corkum Paul , Karimi Ebrahim , Brabec Thomas , Bhardwaj Ravi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Chiral interactions are prevalent in nature, driving a variety of bio-chemical processes. Discerning the two non-superimposable mirror images of a chiral molecule, known as enantiomers, requires interaction with a chiral reagent with known handedness. Circularly polarized light beams are often used as a chiral reagent. Here, we demonstrate efficient chiral sensitivity with linearly polarized helical light beams carrying an orbital angular momentum of $\pm\it{l\hbar}$, in which the handedness is defined by the twisted wavefront structure tracing a left- or right-handed corkscrew pattern as it propagates in space. By probing nonlinear optical response, we show that helicity dependent nonlinear absorption occurs even in achiral molecules and can be precisely controlled. We model this effect by considering induced multipole moments in light-matter interactions. Design and control of light-matter interactions with helical light opens new opportunities in chiroptical spectroscopy, light-driven molecular machines, optical switching, and in-situ ultrafast probing of chiral systems and magnetic materials.
H∞ Adaptive Learning Vibration Controller for Steel Offshore Platform with Random Control Delay and Structural Uncertainty Compensation
Authors: Zhang Yun , MA Hui , WANG Shu-Qing , XU Jianliang , SU Hao , ZHANG Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive learning H∞ controller is proposed to attenuate the wave-wind-induced vibration of a jacket offshore platform with varying control delay and structured uncertainty. A novel scheme is proposed regarding bounded H∞ performance and nonlinear uncertainty approximation online, incorporated with adaptive and fixed parts respectively. The adaptive part is self-adjusting based on neural network updating laws, and the fixed part is derived through minimizing the generalized H∞ disturbance attenuation index. In the presented scheme, accurate values of real-time control delay and upper-bounds of uncertainties are not necessarily required. The stability of controller is proved by Lyapunov functions following the simulation results. Comparable experiments efficiently illustrate feasibility and vibration-attenuation effectiveness of the proposed approach in both shallow and deep water.
Survival by first-line treatment type and timing of progression among follicular lymphoma patients: A national population-based study in Sweden
Authors: Weibull Caroline , Wästerlid Tove , Wahlin Bjorn , Andersson Per-Ola Andersson , Ekberg Sara , Lockmer Sandra , Enblad Gunilla , Crowther Michael , Kimby Eva , Smedby Karin Ekstrom 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In follicular lymphoma (FL), progression of disease ≤24 months (POD24) has emerged as a prognostic marker for overall survival (OS). We aimed to investigate OS broadly by timing of progression and treatment in a population-based setting. A total of 948 stage II-IV indolent FL patients, diagnosed 2007-2014 and treated with first-line systemic therapy, were identified in the Swedish Lymphoma Register and followed through 2020. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by first progression of disease at any time during follow-up (POD) using Cox regression. OS was predicted by POD using an illness-death model. During a median follow-up of 6.1 years (range: 0-10), 414 patients experienced POD (44%), of which 270 (65%) occurred ≤24 months. Compared with patients in remission, POD increased all-cause mortality across treatment groups, but less so among patients treated with rituximab(R)-single (HR=4.54, 95% CI: 2.76-7.47) than R-chemotherapy (HR=8.17, 95% CI: 6.09-10.94). The negative impact of POD on survival remained for progressions up to five years after R-chemotherapy, but was restricted to the first two years after R-single. To conclude, progression of disease beyond 24 months is associated with worse survival, illustrating the need for individualized management for optimal care of patients with FL.
High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an early sign of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline
Authors: Baruch Ranny , Zahler David , Zornitzki Lior , Arbel Yaron , Rozenbaum Zach , Arnold Joshua H. , Raphael Ari , Khoury Shafik , Banai Shmuel , Topilsky Yan , Kapusta Livia , Laufer-Perl Michal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cardiotoxicity, defined mainly as left ventricle (LV) dysfunction, is a significant side effect of anthracyclines (ANT) therapy. The need for an early simple marker to identify patients at risk is crucial. High Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has been associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients, however, its role as a predictor for cardiotoxicity development is unknown. Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether elevated NLR, following ANT exposure, plays a predictive role in the development of cardiotoxicity as defined by LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) relative reduction (≥10%).Methods and results: Data were prospectively collected as part of the Israel Cardio-Oncology Registry (ICOR). A total of 74 female patients with breast cancer, scheduled for ANT therapy were included. NLR levels were assessed at baseline (T1) and during ANT therapy (T2). All patients underwent serial echocardiography at baseline (T1) and after the completion of ANT therapy (T3). NLR≥ 2.58 was found to be the optimal predictive cut-off for LV GLS deterioration. A relative LV GLS reduction ≥10% was significantly more common among patients with high NLR (50% vs. 20%, p=0.009). NLR ≥ 2.58 increases the risk for LV GLS reduction by 4-fold (OR 4.63, 95%CI 1.29-16.5, p = 0.02), with each increase of 1-point NLR adding an additional 15% risk (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.01-1.32, p = 0.046).Conclusions: Our study provides novel data that high NLR levels, following ANT exposure, have an independent association with the development of LV dysfunction. Routine surveillance of NLR may be an effective means of risk-stratifying.
The effect of tungsten (W) concentration and sulfuration on optical absorbance and tuning of band gap of 2D-MoS2 thin films.
Authors: Faraji S. , Bagheri-Mohagheghi Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, two dimensions (2D) of MoS2: W thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis on glass substrate at T=400 °C by changing the concentration of tungsten trioxide as [W/Mo] = 0.01, 0.05, 0.15 and, 0.2. The annealing process under sulfuration for MoS2: W thin films were studied with sulfur (S) concentration ratio of [S/Mo]=2. Thiourea ((H2N) CS (NH2)) precursors were used as sulfur sources and WO3 as tungsten source for thin films. After preparing thin films, the effect of tungsten (W) concentration and annealing on the structural, optical absorbance and tunning of band gap of MoS2: W thin films was studied. The XRD results showed that sulfur-free thin films had an orthorhombic structure and after sulfurization a hexagonal structure. Also, the size of the nanocrystals for (002) preferred peak increased as considerably with increasing concentration of tungsten (W) up to 15%W. The surface images of thin films by FE-SEM showed that the morphology of crystals changed after annealing and sulfurization. Also, the behavior of absorption coefficient (α) and extinction coefficient (k) in terms of wavelength in the UV-Vis region has been studied. The energy gap after annealing increases with increasing tungsten concentration. The optical absorption analysis showed that the direct optical gap of the thin films varies in the range ΔEg=0.66 before annealing and in the range of ΔEg=0.46 after annealing under sulfurization.
Death review caused by Covid 19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Nath Jishu Deb , Nisha Fatema Emrose , Sarker Prasenjit 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID 19 pandemic had taken away lots of human life prematurely worldwide and death laid its icy hands also on Bangladesh. So, objectives of this study were to review the death cases in terms of monthly distributions, age, sex, co-morbidities, localities and duration of hospital due to the COVID 19 infection.
Results
There was a low frequency of death in the months May-2021 and October-2021(7.1% and 2.7% respectively) but more during June − 2021 to September 2021 (12.4%, 16.8%, 42.5% and 18.6% respectively). Female deaths were more than male deaths(53.1% vs 46.9%, p < 0.05). Age more than 51 years were the most vulnerable where 26(23%) deaths were at age group 51–60 years, 39(34.5%) deaths were at 61–70 years and 22(19.4%) deaths were more than 71 years. Mean age of death was found 60.66 years and mean duration of hospital stay was found 9.45 days. Maximum duration of hospital stay was 45 days for one patient. Co-morbidities of death cases revealed 52(46.00%) patients had DM and HTN both, 17(15.0%) patients had HTN, 16(14.1%) had DM, 3(2.6%) had BA and COPD, 4(3.5%) had CKD, 2(1.7%) had cancer, 3(2.6%) had CVD, 19(16.8%) had IHD and 16(14.1%) patients had no co-morbidities. Locality of the death cases revealed 44(38.9%) patients came from rural areas and 69(61.1%) came from urban areas.
Conclusions
Higher age group and multiple co-morbidities specially DM, HTN and IHD were related with COVID deaths mostly found in our study.
Safety of inactivated COVID‑19 vaccine in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Yi Cuili , Zheng Xiaohuang , Lin Kezhao , Xiao Jihong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. We evaluated the occurrence of adverse events following immunization in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: We performed a retrospective study from November 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022 about vaccine history in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases of the outpatient rheumatology clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University. The survey was conducted in the form of questionnaires. Data were collected after vaccination and included demographic, diagnosis, current treatment and adverse effects after vaccination. Results: We recruited 192 patients. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis was the most common disease (n=145). All patients received the first dose of vaccine. After the first dose, 34 (17.7%) participants had at least one adverse effect, including 11.5% local reactions and 9.4% systemic reactions. About 97.5% adverse effects were self-limited. One hundred and eighty-nine patients received the second dose of vaccine, 30 (15.9%) participants had at least one adverse effect, including 10.05% local reactions and 7.4% systemic reactions, all adverse effects were self-limited. No severe adverse effects were observed, and no patients experienced hospitalized. The occurrence of flare of underlying rheumatic diseases were recorded in 5 (2.6%) of patients after vaccination, only 1 (0.5%) patient requiring a new medication to treat the flare.Conclusions: The current results support the safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases. This information can help fight vaccine hesitancy in this population.
The gut microbiota and metabolome is associated with diminished COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody responses in immunosuppressed inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Alexander James L , Mullish Benjamin H , Danckert Nathan P , Liu Zhigang , Saifuddin Aamir , Torkizadeh Melissa , Ibraheim Hajir , Blanco Jesús Miguéns , Roberts Lauren A , Bewshea Claire M , Nice Rachel , Lin Simeng , Prabhudev Hemanth , Sands Caroline , Sluis Verena Horneffer-van der , Lewis Matthew , Sebastian Shaji , Lees Charlie W. , Teare Julian P , Hart Ailsa , Goodhand James R. , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Marchesi Julian R. , Ahmad Tariq , Powell Nick 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with anti-TNF therapy exhibit attenuated humoral immune responses to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The gut microbiota and its functional metabolic output, which are perturbed in IBD, play an important role in shaping host immune responses. We explored whether the gut microbiota and metabolome could explain variation in anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses in immunosuppressed IBD patients. Faecal and serum samples were prospectively collected from infliximab-treated patients with IBD in the CLARITY-IBD study undergoing vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Antibody responses were measured following two doses of either ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 vaccine. Patients were classified as having responses above or below the geometric mean of the wider CLARITY-IBD cohort. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and bile acid profiling with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) were performed on faecal samples. Univariate, multivariable and correlation analyses were performed to determine gut microbial and metabolomic predictors of response to vaccination. Forty-three infliximab-treated patients with IBD were recruited (30 Crohn’s disease, 12 ulcerative colitis, 1 IBD-unclassified; 26 with concomitant thiopurine therapy). Eight patients had evidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Seventeen patients (39.5%) had a serological response below the geometric mean. Gut microbiota diversity was lower in below average responders (p = 0.021). Bilophila abundance was associated with better serological response, while Streptococcus was associated with poorer response. The faecal metabolome was distinct between above and below average responders (OPLS-DA R2X 0.25, R2Y 0.26, Q2 0.15; CV-ANOVA p = 0.038). Trimethylamine was associated with better response, while succinate, phenylalanine and the bile acids taurolithocholate and taurodeoxycholate were associated with poorer response. Our data suggest that there is an association between the gut microbiota and variable serological response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients. Microbial metabolites including trimethylamine may be important in mitigating anti-TNF-induced attenuation of the immune response.
Socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics of clients that accepted contraceptives at abortion centre at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic hospital, Johannesburg (CMJAH), South Africa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Baffour-Duah Kennedy , Shimange-Matsose Lusanda , Olorunfemi Gbenga 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Access to family planning services is an important preventive strategy against maternal mortality as it can considerably reduce unintended pregnancies and prevent sequalae of unsafe abortion. We aimed to describe the sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics of abortion seekers and investigate factors associated with uptake of contraception following induced abortion at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa.Method: This study was a cross-sectional study among women who had legal termination of unwanted pregnancy at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH), from 1 January 2021 to July 2021. Questionnaires were administered to 80 consenting consecutive clientsafter undergoing induced abortion . Information on socio demographic and reproductive characteristics and pattern of contraceptive uptake of the respondents were obtained. Descriptive and bivariate analysis were conducted to determine the pattern and relationship of sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and contraceptive uptake.Results:. The mean age of the 80 respondents was 25.6 ± 6.6 years, and the youngest and oldest respondents were 14 and 39 years respectively. Majority of the participants were of the Black race (96.25%, n= 77/80), single (90.00%, n= 72/80), of the Christian faith (80.00%, n= 64/80) and unemployedThe median number of children alive among the clients was 1(0-2), with about 37.5% of the participants being nulliparous. About 16.25% of the participants had had at least one previous termination of pregnancy.The prevalence of postabortion contraceptive uptake was 97.5% (95%CI: 90.36% - 99.39%, N=78/80). More than half chose injectable contraceptive (53.85%, 95%CI: 42.60% - 64.71%, N= 42/78), followed by Oral Contraceptive Pills (21.79%, 95%CI: 13.90% - 32.49% N= 17/78).We found no association between socio-demographic and reproductive characteristics, and contraceptive uptake among the abortion clients (p values >0.05).Conclusion: The immediate postabortion contraceptive uptake in our facility is very high. Majority of the clients accepted injectable contraceptives. The demographic and reproductive characteristics of our clients did not affect uptake of postabortion contraception. More education is needed to improve uptake of other long-acting contraception that may not require frequent contact with the health facility.
Evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forage corn under different irrigation systems
Authors: Nafchi Rahim Alimohammadi , Mirabbasi Rasoul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
One of the suitable approaches to shorten the growing season and increase the qualitative and quantitative performance of the forage corn is to use modern irrigation systems and transplantation. In this research, transplanting and direct sowing were evaluated on two sowing dates (on time and delay) in the Chahartakhteh research station. The study has conducted in three experiments for two years. Each experiment was performed based on the split plot as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Qualitative characteristics, including ear yield, bush height, ear formation height, and protein content have been measured at the end of any farming season. The results showed no significant difference in ear yield among three irrigation systems (tape, sprinkler, and surface irrigation systems). Ear yield in the first sowing date was more than the second sowing date (delayed sowing date) and in the transplanting method was more than the seeding method. Bush height also showed no significant difference among the three studied irrigation methods. The maximum bush height was 228.6 and 227.1 cm, respectively in July sowing date and direct sowing. Ear formation height was similar to bush height in all irrigation methods, sowing date and sowing method. The maximum protein content was 9.8% in the sprinkler irrigation method. The results indicated that the protein content and Ear yield of the July sowing date were significantly different from the June sowing date, and it had no significant difference in direct sowing and transplantation than protein content.
Enantioinduction of triplet state bonding with genetically repurposed photoenzymes
Authors: Zhong Fangrui , Sun Ningning , Huang Jianjian , Qian Junyi , Zhou Taiping , Guo Juan , Zhao Weining , Wu Guojiao , Liao Rong-Zhen , Chen Xi , Wu Yuzhou 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Over the last half century, the remarkable advance in the field of asymmetric catalysis has drastically innovated the procedures of chemical synthesis of enantiomerically pure compounds. However, the vast majority of these transformations are centred on thermochemistry wherein the product chirality is generally established at the ground state. Stereochemical control of photochemical reactions remains a formidable challenge owning to the intrinsic high reactivity of the excited state, for which the small molecules catalysts do not provide a general solution. Here we show that this challenge can be tackled by genetically encoded, chemically evolved triplet photoenzymes embedded with a proficient synthetic photosensitizer. Structural optimization through four founds of rational mutagenesis afforded a proficient enzyme. It promoted enantioselective intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of indole derivatives with marked substrate generality and excellent enantioselectivites (up to 99% enantiomeric excess). X-ray crystal structure of photoenzyme-substrate complex elucidated the important multiple noncovalent interactions that work synergistically to induce high enantioselectivity. This study shows that by merging the empowering mechanism of triplet energy transfer catalysis with the delicate supramolecular cavity of proteins, the triplet photoenzymes artificially expand the fundamental reactivity with respect to enzyme catalysis and unlock an integrated approach to valuable enantioselective photochemical synthesis that are not accessible with either the synthetic or the biological world alone.
Vibration-based damage detection in anisotropic laminated composite beams by a shear deformable finite element and harmony search optimization
Authors: Kahya Volkan , Şimşek Sebahat , Toğan Vedat 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

A numerical procedure to detect and quantify damages in laminated composite beams with arbitrary lay-up using limited vibration data and harmony search optimization is presented. Since any damage in a structure changes its vibration characteristics, they can be considered as the diagnostic parameters with the help of an optimization technique. For the present study, frequencies and mode shapes are used as the damage diagnostic parameters, and the harmony search algorithm (HSA) is used as the optimization tool. For finite element (FE) analyses, a five-node, 13-degrees-of-freedom shear deformable beam element is employed. This element can take into account the elastic couplings among extension, bending, and torsion arising due to material anisotropy existing in generally laminated composites as well as the Poisson’s effect. The damage to the beam is introduced by a stiffness loss coefficient at the elemental level while mass is assumed to be unchanged. Two different objective functions to be minimized are considered for damage detection. The efficacy of the proposed method with and without the presence of noise is demonstrated by two numerically simulated composite beams including single and multiple damages. Although its accuracy somewhat decreases in case of multiple minor damages, the proposed method is successful to detect moderate and severe single and multiple damages in practice. To overcome this weakness, (i) the algorithm can be hybridized with other metaheuristics, (ii) objective function can be enhanced by combining it with other vibration characteristics such as curvature, flexibility, etc., or (iii) two- or multi-stage damage identification methods can be considered.
Exploring the Role of Mechanical Force on Tendon Development in vivo Model: a Scoping Review
Authors: Usami Yuna , Iijima Hirotaka , Kokubun Takanori 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The tendon transmits the skeletal muscle-generated forces to bones and drives the joint motion. While extensive research has indicated the fundamental role of mechanical forces in tendon development during embryonic and postnatal phases, a comprehensive summary regarding the mechanical forces applied to tendons is lacking. This scoping review aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effect of mechanical forces on tendon development. The electronic database search using PubMed was performed in October 2021 and yielded 586 articles, of which 16 articles met the prespecified inclusion criteria. We defined the mechanical force in terms of muscle existence, muscle contraction, or weight-bearing locomotion and identified methodological heterogeneity in applying mechanical force to tendons. Despite the lack of consensus regarding standard intervention methods, the majority of the mechanical interventions were used to regulate the expression or synthesis of well-known growth factors required for tendon development, especially the Scx expression. Our results provide a novel point of view to build future research about mechanobiology in tendon development.