bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of drying and cooling rate on the survival of the desiccation-sensitive wheat pollen
Authors: Impe Daniela , Ballesteros Daniel , Nagel Manuela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Key message
Fast-drying and cooling induce fast intracellular water loss and reduced ice-crystal formation, which may promote the formation of intracellular glasses that might improve the likelihood of wheat pollen survival.

Abstract
Long-term storage of pollen is important for the fertilization of spatially or temporally isolated female parents, especially in hybrid breeding. Wheat pollen is dehydration-sensitive and rapidly loses viability after shedding. To preserve wheat pollen, we hypothesized that fast-drying and cooling rates would increase the rate of intracellular water content (WC) removal, decrease intracellular ice-crystal formation, and increase viability after exposure to ultra-low temperatures. Therefore, we compared slow air-drying with fast-drying (dry air flow) and found significant correlations between pollen WC and viability (r = 0.92, P < 0.001); significant differences in WCs after specific drying times; and comparable viabilities after drying to specific WCs. Fast-drying to WCs at which ice melting events were not detected (ΔH = 0 J mg−1 DW, < 0.28 mg H2O mg−1 DW) reduced pollen viability to 1.2 ± 1.0%, but when drying to 0.39 mg H2O mg−1 DW, some viable pollen was detected (39.4 ± 17.9%). Fast cooling (150 °C min−1) of fast-dried pollen to 0.91 ± 0.11 mg H2O mg−1 DW induced less and a delay of ice-crystal formation during cryomicroscopic-video-recordings compared to slow cooling (1 °C min−1), but viability was low (4.5–6.1%) and comparable between cooling rates. Our data support that the combination of fast-drying and cooling rates may enable the survival of wheat pollen likely due to (1) a reduction of the time pollen would be exposed to drying-related deleterious biochemical changes and (2) an inhibition of intracellular ice-crystal formation, but additional research is needed to obtain higher pollen survival after cooling.
AMOC modes linked with distinct North Atlantic deep water formation sites
Authors: Dima Mihai , Lohmann Gerrit , Ionita Monica , Knorr Gregor , Scholz Patrick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a tipping component of the climate system, with a quasi-global impact. Several numerical and observational studies emphasized two modes of AMOC variability, characterized by two distinct Atlantic sea surface temperature patterns. One is associated with centennial changes, the Trend Mode, and the other with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The origin of the different manifestations of these modes it is not fully understood. Using observational data and an ocean general circulation model we present evidence that, whereas the Trend Mode is mainly linked with deep water formation in the Nordic Seas and with a North Atlantic AMOC cell centered at 50° N, AMO is related with deep water formation in the Labrador and Irminger Seas and with an overturning cell centered at 20° N. In combination with previous studies, these results imply that a main route of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration influence on AMOC passes through deep water formation in the Nordic Seas and it is reflected in a subpolar North Atlantic meridional cell.
Dual-scale single marker calibration for digital templating of total hip arthroplasty in standing radiographs: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Ries Christian , Baltin Christoph Tobias , Haneder Stefan , Eysel Peer , Hellmich Martin , Boese Christoph Kolja 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Accuracy of calibration of radiographs significantly influences the quality of digital templating for total hip arthroplasty (THA). The standard of care is calibration with external calibration markers (ECM). This method is associated with significant errors. Dual-scale single marker (DSSM) calibration methods may improve accuracy. The present prospective observational study is the first to analyze the application of a DSSM method in standing pelvis radiographs.

Methods
100 patients with unilateral THA underwent antero-posterior pelvis radiographs with ECM and DSSM. The hip components were used as reference calibration factor (internal calibration factor; ICM). Absolute differences of calibration factors for ECM and DSSM from ICM were calculated. Absolute relative deviations (ARD) were calculated. Subgroup analysis for sex and WHO BMI category was performed. Furthermore, patients reported subjective comfort for each marker using a 10-point scale and choosing the preferred marker.

Results
Maximum magnification factor differences from the ICM were 23.3% and 9.5% and mean absolute differences were 12.5% and 2.1% for the ECM and DSSM, respectively. ARD from ICM was significantly lower for DSSM compared to ECM (p < 0.001). Absolute differences increased with BMI category using ECM; calibration by DSSM was consistent in all subgroups. Patients preferred DSSM over ECM (n = 53) or were indifferent (n = 20). Comfort was rated significantly higher for DSSM versus ECM (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
DSSM method showed superior results in comparison to the ECM method for calibration of digital radiographs. DSSM could be used to improve digital templating in standing radiographs.
Soft hybrid intrinsically motile robot for wireless small bowel enteroscopy
Authors: Khan Hamza , Alijani Afshin , Mowat Craig , Cuschieri Alfred 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Difficulties in establishing diagnosis of small bowel (SB) disorders, prevented their effective treatment. This problem was largely resolved by wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), which has since become the first line investigation for suspected SB disorders. Several types of WCE pills are now used in clinical practice, despite their limitations and complications. WCE pills are large, rigid and immotile capsules. When swallowed, they provide SB enteroscopy downloaded to a data logger carried by the patient. Most of the complications of WCEs result from lack of intrinsic locomotion: incomplete examination, capsule retention and impaction within strictures. In addition, the rigid nature and size of current generation of WCE pills is accompanied by 0.1% inability to swallow the pill by patients with normal esophageal motility.

Methods
The aim of this communication is to describe the initial prototype, P1, which is thinner and slightly longer than the current generation of WCEs. In addition, it exhibits intrinsic active locomotion, produced by vibrating silicon legs. These generate a controlled-skid locomotion on the small bowel mucosal surface, rendered slippery by surface mucus and intraluminal surfactant bile salts. We demonstrate the mechanism responsible for the active locomotion of P1, which we consider translatable into a working prototype, suitable for further R&D for eventual clinical translation.

Results
The shape and attachment of the rubber vibrating legs to vibrating actuators, have been designed specifically to produce a tight clockwise circular motion. When inserted inside a circular tube in vitro of equivalent diameter to human small intestine, the intrinsic circular clockwise motion of P1 translates into a linear locomotion by the constraints imposed by the surrounding circular walls of SB and rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This design ensures device stability during transit, essential for imaging and targeting lesions encountered during the enteroscopy. We preformed two experiments: (i) transit of P1 through a phantom consisting of a segment of PVC tube placed on a horizontal surface and (ii) transit through a transparent slippery nylon sleeve insufflated with air. In the PVC tube, its transit rate averages 15.6 mm/s, which is too fast for endoscopy: whereas inside the very slippery nylon sleeve insufflated with air, the average transit rate of P1 is reduced to 5.9 mm/s, i.e., ideal for inspection endoscopy.

Conclusions
These in-vitro experiments indicate that the P1 hybrid soft robot prototype has the potential specifically for clinical translation for SB enteroscopy.
Intra-lymphatic administration of GAD-alum in type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up and effect of a late booster dose (the DIAGNODE Extension trial)
Authors: Casas Rosaura , Dietrich Fabrícia , Puente-Marin Sara , Barcenilla Hugo , Tavira Beatriz , Wahlberg Jeannette , Achenbach Peter , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the long-term effect of intra-lymphatic administration of GAD-alum and a booster dose 2.5 years after the first intervention (DIAGNODE Extension study) in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.MethodsDIAGNODE-1: Samples were collected from 12 patients after 30 months who had received 3 injections of 4 μg GAD-alum into a lymph node with one-month interval. DIAGNODE Extension study: First in human, a fourth booster dose of autoantigen (GAD-alum) was given to 3 patients at 31.5 months, who were followed for another 12 months. C-peptide was measured during mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTTs). GADA, IA-2A, GADA subclasses, GAD65-induced cytokines, PBMCs proliferation and T cells markers were analyzed.ResultsAfter 30-month treatment, efficacy was still seen in 8/12 patients (good responders, GR). Partial remission (IDAA1c < 9) had decreased compared to 15 months, but did not differ from baseline, and HbA1c remained stable. GAD65-specific immune responses induced by the treatment started to wane after 30 months, and most changes observed at 15 months were undetectable. GADA subclasses IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were predominant in the GR along with IgG1. A fourth intra-lymphatic GAD-alum dose to three patients after 31.5 months gave no adverse events. In all three patients, C-peptide seemed to increase the first 6 months, and thereafter, C-peptide, HbA1c, insulin requirement and IDAA1c remained stable.ConclusionThe effect of intra-lymphatic injections of GAD-alum had decreased after 30 months. Good responders showed a specific immune response. Administration of a fourth booster dose after 31.5 months was safe, and there was no decline in C-peptide observed during the 12-month follow-up.
Kan Extensions are Partial Colimits
Authors: Perrone Paolo , Tholen Walter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne way of interpreting a left Kan extension is as taking a kind of “partial colimit”, whereby one replaces parts of a diagram by their colimits. We make this intuition precise by means of the partial evaluations sitting in the so-called bar construction of monads. The (pseudo)monads of interest for forming colimits are the monad of diagrams and the monad of small presheaves, both on the (huge) category CAT of locally small categories. Throughout, particular care is taken to handle size issues, which are notoriously delicate in the context of free cocompletion. We spell out, with all 2-dimensional details, the structure maps of these pseudomonads. Then, based on a detailed general proof of how the restriction-of-scalars construction of monads extends to the case of pseudoalgebras over pseudomonads, we consider a morphism of monads between them, which we call image. This morphism allows in particular to generalize the idea of confinal functors, i.e. of functors which leave colimits invariant in an absolute way. This generalization includes the concept of absolute colimit as a special case. The main result of this paper spells out how a pointwise left Kan extension of a diagram corresponds precisely to a partial evaluation of its colimit. This categorical result is analogous to what happens in the case of probability monads, where a conditional expectation of a random variable corresponds to a partial evaluation of its center of mass.
Central fibrous areas: changes in glomerular vascular pole lesions associated with age and disease
Authors: Kanetsuna Yukiko , Tanabe Kazunari , Hattori Motoshi , Nitta Kosaku , Moriyama Takahito , Horita Shigeru , Yamaguchi Yutaka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Central fibrous areas (CFAs) are small, hyalinotic, monotonous nodular areas observed in glomerular vascular pole lesions. We attempted to clarify the relationship between CFA formation and age in healthy kidneys and in those affected by immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy.

Methods
Zero-hour biopsy specimens from living renal donors (135 cases) and IgA nephropathy biopsy specimens (67 cases) were collected retrospectively. We observed each biopsy specimen and determined the total number of glomeruli, total level of glomerulosclerosis, number of observable glomerular vascular poles, number of glomeruli with CFAs, serum creatinine level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Additionally, we calculated the glomerular sclerosis rate (GSR), vascular pole appearance rate (PAR), and CFA rate (CFAR) to evaluate the relationship between these factors and patient age.

Results
There was a significant negative correlation between patient age and eGFR for both the zero-hour (p < 0.0001 in Spearman, p = 0.0009 in multiple regression, the same hereafter) and IgA (p = 0.0022, p = 0.0001) groups. In the zero-hour group, we observed a significant positive correlation between patient age and GSR (p = 0.0001, p < 0.0001); however, there was no such correlation in the IgA group. In both groups, there was a significant positive correlation between patient age and CFAR (zero-hour group: p = 0.0003, p = 0.0091, IgA group; p < 0.0001, p = 0.0004). The slope of the regression line of the IgA group formula was also significantly higher than that of the zero-hour group formula (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
These findings indicate that CFA may be a useful indicator of kidney aging, especially in patients with kidney disease caused by IgA nephropathy.
Architecture of a Low Latency H.264/AVC Video Codec for Robust ML based Image Classification
Authors: Steinert Fritjof , Stabernack Benno 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe use of neural networks is considered as the state of the art in the field of image classification. A large number of different networks are available for this purpose, which, appropriately trained, permit a high level of classification accuracy.
Typically, these networks are applied to uncompressed image data, since a corresponding training was also carried out using image data of similar high quality. However, if image data contains image errors, the classification accuracy deteriorates drastically. This applies in particular to coding artifacts which occur due to image and video compression. Typical application scenarios for video compression are narrowband transmission channels for which video coding is required but a subsequent classification is to be carried out on the receiver side. In this paper we present a special H.264/Advanced Video Codec (AVC) based video codec that allows certain regions of a picture to be coded with near constant picture quality in order to allow a reliable classification using neural networks, whereas the remaining image will be coded using constant bit rate. We have combined this feature with the ability to run with lowest latency properties, which is usually also required in remote control applications scenarios. The codec has been implemented as a fully hardwired High Definition video capable hardware architecture which is suitable for Field Programmable Gate Arrays.
Effect of Solution Treatment and Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Hardness of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting Before and After Hot Isostatic Pressing Treatment
Authors: Eshawish Naeem , Malinov Savko , Sha Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper extends our previous work to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by selective laser melting. A post-heat treatment at 930 °C for 15 min followed by three cooling rates before and after hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment was applied. The findings illustrated that the microstructure of the quenched samples before the HIP treatment was characterized by a mixture of α + α′ phase with a microhardness value of 336 ± 6 HV0.3. Air cooling produced a structure dominated by the α phase, with ~ 7.5% of the β phase and a microhardness value of about 330 ± 4 HV0.3. Furnace cooling led to a mixture of α phase and ~ 17% of the β phase and hardness of 327 ± 6 HV0.3. After HIP followed by post-heat treatment, acicular α′ martensite with microhardness value 377 ± 2 HV0.3 dominated the quenched specimen microstructure. Following air cooling, the microstructure consisted of a mixture of α-lamella and β with some needles of the α with a microhardness value of 336 ± 3 HV0.3. In the case of the furnace cooling, a complete transformation of β to a mixture of α + β phase was observed. The β volume fraction formed in the microstructure was estimated at ~ 8.5%, having microhardness 322 ± 4 HV0.3. Reasons for such behaviors are discussed.
Renal tumouroids: challenges of manufacturing 3D cultures from patient derived primary cells
Authors: Nyga Agata , Stamati Katerina , Redondo Patricia A. , Azimi Tayebeh , Feber Andrew , Neves Joana B. , Hamoudi Rifat , Presneau Nadège , El Sheikh Soha , Tran Maxine G. B. , Emberton Mark , Loizidou Marilena , Cheema Umber 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent advancements in 3D in vitro culture have allowed for the development of cancer tissue models which accurately recapitulate the tumour microenvironment. Consequently, there has been increased innovation in therapeutic drug screening. While organoid cultures show great potential, they are limited by the time scale of their growth in vitro and the dependence upon commercial matrices, such as Matrigel, which do not allow for manipulations of their composition or mechanical properties. Here, we show a straightforward approach for the isolation and culture of primary human renal carcinoma cells and matched non-affected kidney. This approach does not require any specific selection for cancer cells, and allows for their direct culture in amenable 3D collagen-based matrices, with the preservation of cancer cells as confirmed by NGS sequencing. This method allows for culture of patient-derived cancer cells in 3D microenvironment, which can be used for downstream experimentation such as investigation of cell–matrix interaction or drug screening.
A new comprehensive dimensionless inflow performance relationship for gas wells
Authors: Kalantariasl Azim , Farhadi Isa , Farzani Soosan , Keshavarz Alireza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrediction of gas well deliverability is important for reservoir management. Conventional flow after flow, isochronal or modified isochronal tests are common methods for calculation of well deliverability. Single-point test using Vogel-type dimensionless inflow performance relationships (IPR) was also proposed to overcome the need for multi-point tests. However, analysis of field data showed that existing dimensionless IPR correlations fail to accurately predict well deliverability for some reservoir conditions. In this study, a wide range of reservoir rock and fluid data was used to develop a comprehensive dimensionless IPR correlation for calculation of gas well deliverability from single-point test data. Multi-point well test data from 61 different gas wells of 15 fields were used to compare predicted absolute open flow (AOF) and calculated AOF from multi-point test data. The data used for validation of the proposed dimensionless IPR cover a wide range of actual AOFs (2.1–1411 MMSCF/D). Good agreement between predicted well deliverability from new dimensionless IPR and that from multi-point test was achieved. In addition, superiority of the new dimensionless IPR to previous correlations was confirmed for a wide range of reservoir conditions through error analysis. The average absolute error for new model is 11.6% (standard deviation of 8.5%) while for the other models are 85.9% (standard deviation of 148.1%) and 68.6% (standard deviation of 115.3%) for a wide range of field data.
Spatio-Temporal Representation Learning with Social Tie for Personalized POI Recommendation
Authors: Dai Shaojie , Yu Yanwei , Fan Hao , Dong Junyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecommending a limited number of Point-of-Interests (POIs) a user will visit next has become increasingly important to both users and POI holders for Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs). However, POI recommendation is a challenging task since complex sequential patterns and rich contexts are contained in extremely sparse user check-in data. Recent studies show that embedding techniques effectively incorporate POI contextual information to alleviate the data sparsity issue, and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has been successfully employed for sequential prediction. Nevertheless, existing POI recommendation approaches are still limited in capturing user personalized preference due to separate embedding learning or network modeling. To this end, we propose a novel unified spatio-temporal neural network framework, named PPR, which leverages users’ check-in records and social ties to recommend personalized POIs for querying users by joint embedding and sequential modeling. Specifically, PPR first learns user and POI representations by joint modeling User-POI relation, sequential patterns, geographical influence, and social ties in a heterogeneous graph and then models user personalized sequential patterns using the designed spatio-temporal neural network based on LSTM model for the personalized POI recommendation. Furthermore, we extend PPR to an end-to-end recommendation model by jointly learning node representations and modeling user personalized sequential preference. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines for successive POI recommendation in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall and NDCG. The source code is available at:https://www.anonymous.4open.science/r/DSE-1BEC.
Technik als Weltbezug, Affordanzen als Reflexionsbegriff
Authors: König Tim 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel beleuchtet das Verhältnis von Technik und Politischer Theorie in der digitalen Konstellation, indem auf Hubigs technikphilosophische Konzeption von Technik als Medium zurückgegriffen wird. Der mediale Charakter technischer Systeme besteht dabei in der Strukturierung des Möglichkeitsraums, in welchem Handlungen erst vorstellbar werden. In diesem Sinne kann Technik als Weltbezug gefasst werden, welcher mit den Akteur:innen eigenen epistemischen Dispositionen in einem dialektischen Verhältnis steht. Anhand des Beispiels digitaler Öffentlichkeit wird illustriert, inwiefern diese Strukturierung epistemischer Möglichkeitsräume durch Technik Gegenstand einer präzisen politiktheoretischen Analyse sein muss. Für die Reflexion des dialektischen Verhältnisses epistemischer Dispositionen und technischer Vermittlung wird weiterhin der Begriff der Affordanzen vorgeschlagen, dessen Mehrwert mit Blick auf die Plattform Twitter aus öffentlichkeitstheoretischer Perspektive illustriert wird. Der Beitrag knüpft somit einerseits an die Diskussion um die Theoretisierung digitaler Technologien an, indem er Perspektiven der Politischen Theorie, der Technikphilosophie und der Science and Technology Studies verbindet. Andererseits greift er Diskussionsstränge um die Epistemologie der digitalen Konstellation auf, indem er auf das Verhältnis zwischen Politischer Theorie und digitalen Phänomenen eingeht. Überlegungen zu der spezifischen Messbarkeit dieser Phänomene knüpfen darüber hinaus an Fragen der Vereinbarkeit von Theorie und Empirie an.