bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The [O III]λ5007 equivalent width distribution at z ∼ 2: the redshift evolution of the extreme emission line galaxies
Authors: Boyett Kristan N K , Stark Daniel P , Bunker Andrew J , Tang Mengtao , Maseda Michael V 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We determine the [O III]λ5007 equivalent width (EW) distribution of $1.700\lt \rm {z}\lt 2.274$ rest-frame ultraviolet (UV)-selected (MUV &lt; −19) star-forming galaxies in the GOODS North and South fields. We make use of deep HDUV broad-band photometry catalogues for selection and 3D-HST WFC3/IR grism spectra for measurement of line properties. The [O III]λ5007 EW distribution allows us to measure the abundance of extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) within this population. We model a lognormal distribution to the [O III]λ5007 rest-frame EWs of galaxies in our sample, with location parameter μ = 4.24 ± 0.07 and variance parameter σ = 1.33 ± 0.06. This EW distribution has a mean [O III]λ5007 EW of 168 ± 1 Å. The fractions of $\rm {z}\sim 2$ rest-UV-selected galaxies with [O III]λ5007 EWs greater than 500, 750, and 1000 Å are measured to be $6.8^{+1.0}_{-0.9}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, $3.6^{+0.7}_{-0.6}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and $2.2^{+0.5}_{-0.4}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively. The EELG fractions do not vary strongly with UV luminosity in the range (−21.6 &lt; MUV &lt; −19.0) considered in this paper, consistent with findings at higher redshifts. We compare our results to $\rm {z}\sim 5$ and $\rm {z}\sim 7$ studies, where candidate EELGs have been discovered through Spitzer/IRAC colours, and we identify rapid evolution with redshift in the fraction of star-forming galaxies observed in an extreme emission line phase (a rise by a factor ∼10 between $\rm {z}\sim 2$ and $\rm {z}\sim 7$). This evolution is consistent with an increased incidence of strong bursts in the galaxy population of the reionization era. While this population makes a sub-dominant contribution of the ionizing emissivity at $\rm {z}\simeq 2$, EELGs are likely to dominate the ionizing output in the reionization era.
A rare case of COVID-19 pneumonia with severe hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Shimoda Masafumi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Morimoto Kozo , Kokutou Hiroyuki , Abe Taro , Suga Miyuri , Yoshiyama Takashi , Yoshimori Kozo , Ohta Ken 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Her symptoms improved upon treatment with steroids, remdesivir and heparin. After discharge, she consumed excessive alcohol because of taste disorder due to COVID-19; she also had chylomicronemia with a triglyceride (TG) level of 8750 mg/dl. Chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoprotein were detected by electrophoresis, and she was diagnosed with severe hyperlipoproteinemia, suspected to be Type V hyperlipoproteinemia. She did not have any symptoms of pancreatitis, and her TG levels decreased with fat intake restriction and sobriety. This is a rare case of COVID-19 with hyperlipoproteinemia, and the causes of hyperlipoproteinemia might be associated with COVID-19 complications, steroids and/or lifestyle changes during the pandemic; therefore, changes in TGs should be observed carefully after the resolution of COVID-19.
Longitudinal Changes in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism, Oxygen Uptake, and Myosteatosis During Cardiotoxic Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Kirkham Amy A , Pituskin Edith , Mackey John R , Grenier Justin G , Ian Paterson D , Haykowsky Mark J , Thompson Richard B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile cardiotoxic chemotherapy is known to negatively impact cardiac function and hemoglobin levels, the impact on skeletal muscle has been understudied among patients. The purpose was to longitudinally characterize myosteatosis (muscle fat), skeletal muscle metabolism, and oxygen (O2) consumption during cardiotoxic chemotherapy for breast cancer.Patients and MethodsThirty-four patients with stage I-III breast cancer were enrolled before trastuzumab-containing and/or anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. We used magnetic resonance imaging to non-invasively quantify thigh myosteatosis (fat-water imaging), and lower leg metabolism (31P spectroscopy), O2 consumption (custom techniques), and peak power output during single-leg plantarflexion exercise at pre-, mid-, end-chemotherapy, and 1-year. We also measured pulmonary VO2peak and maximal leg press strength.ResultsDuring chemotherapy, VO2peak and leg press strength decreased while peak plantarflexion power output was maintained. At mid-chemotherapy, hemoglobin decreased (16%) and lower leg blood flow increased (37%) to maintain lower leg O2 delivery; exercise Pi:PCr and myosteatosis increased. Between mid- and end-chemotherapy, lower leg O2 extraction (28%) and O2 consumption (21%) increased, while plantarflexion exercise efficiency (watts/O2 consumed) decreased. At one year, VO2peak and leg press strength returned to pre-chemotherapy levels, but lower leg exercise O2 extraction, consumption and Pi:PCr, and myosteatosis remained elevated.ConclusionLower leg skeletal muscle blood flow and O2 extraction adapt to compensate for chemotherapy-related hemoglobin reduction for small muscle mass exercise but are insufficient to maintain large muscle mass exercise (pulmonary VO2peak, leg press strength). The excess O2 required to perform work, increased Pi:PCr ratio and myosteatosis together suggest suppressed fat oxidation during chemotherapy.
Clinicopathologic and Genomic Landscape of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Huang Richard S P , Harries Lukas , Decker Brennan , Hiemenz Matthew C , Murugesan Karthikeyan , Creeden James , Tolba Khaled , Stabile Laura P , Ramkissoon Shakti H , Burns Timothy F , Ross Jeffrey S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 10%-40% will eventually develop brain metastases. We present the clinicopathologic, genomic, and biomarker landscape of a large cohort of NSCLC brain metastases (NSCLC-BM) samples.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 3035 NSCLC-BM tested with comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) during routine clinical care. In addition, we compared the NSCLC-BM to a separate cohort of 7277 primary NSCLC (pNSCLC) specimens. Finally, we present data on 67 paired patients with NSCLC-BM and pNSCLC.

Results
Comprehensive genomic profiling analysis of the 3035 NSCLC-BMs found that the most frequent genomic alterations (GAs) were in the TP53, KRAS, CDKN2A, STK11, CDKN2B, EGFR, NKX2-1, RB1, MYC, and KEAP1 genes. In the NSCLC-BM cohort, there were significantly higher rates of several targetable GAs compared with pNSCLC, including ALK fusions, KRAS G12C mutations, and MET amplifications; and decreased frequency of MET exon14 skipping mutations (all P &lt; .05). In the subset of NSCLC-BM (n = 1063) where concurrent PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed, 54.7% of the patients with NSCLC-BM were eligible for pembrolizumab based on PD-L1 IHC (TPS ≥ 1), and 56.9% were eligible for pembrolizumab based on TMB-High status. In addition, in a series 67 paired pNSCLC and NSCLC-BM samples, 85.1% (57/67) had at least one additional GA discovered in the NSCLC-BM sample when compared with the pNSCLC sample.

Conclusions
Herein, we defined the clinicopathologic, genomic, and biomarker landscape of a large cohort of patients with NSCLC-BM which can help inform study design of future clinical studies for patients with NSCLC with BM. In certain clinical situations, metastatic NSCLC brain tissue or cerebral spinal fluid specimens may be needed to fully optimize personalized treatment.
A brief history of English bird names and the American Ornithologists’ Union (now American Ornithological Society)
Authors: Winker Kevin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnglish bird names exist to increase the effectiveness of communication and to make ornithology more accessible to English speakers and readers. This purpose was recognized from the first edition of the Check-list, when it was considered important to include both a vernacular and technical name for each taxon. Every edition of the Check-list and its Supplements have thus included English names. Improving communication is an important job, and to be most effective a single name usually has to be chosen, especially among birds with widespread distributions and many vernacular names. The Check-list has been the standard for North America for over a century, and it provides the formal scientific basis for avian diversity and its management and conservation across most of the continent. Choices for the English names given in the Check-list have been made under clear criteria and guidelines that are responsive both to increased scientific knowledge and implicitly to changing societal mores. For more than a century, and for many different reasons, many people have been unhappy with choices made about English bird names and about the underlying processes. From the published history alone, it is clear that no process will achieve global consensus, yet there remain many merits to a standardized and widely adopted approach to English bird names. Consideration of these issues in a broader context of linguistics, culture, and history is also warranted.
Generation of Human Nociceptor-Enriched Sensory Neurons for the Study of Pain-Related Dysfunctions
Authors: Holzer Anna-Katharina , Karreman Christiaan , Suciu Ilinca , Furmanowsky Lara-Seline , Wohlfarth Harald , Loser Dominik , Dirks Wilhelm G , Pardo González Emilio , Leist Marcel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn vitro models of the peripheral nervous system would benefit from further refinements to better support studies on neuropathies. In particular, the assessment of pain-related signals is still difficult in human cell cultures. Here, we harnessed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate peripheral sensory neurons enriched in nociceptors. The objective was to generate a culture system with signaling endpoints suitable for pharmacological and toxicological studies. Neurons generated by conventional differentiation protocols expressed moderate levels of P2X3 purinergic receptors and only low levels of TRPV1 capsaicin receptors, when maturation time was kept to the upper practically useful limit of 6 weeks. As alternative approach, we generated cells with an inducible NGN1 transgene. Ectopic expression of this transcription factor during a defined time window of differentiation resulted in highly enriched nociceptor cultures, as determined by functional (P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors) and immunocytochemical phenotyping, complemented by extensive transcriptome profiling. Single cell recordings of Ca2+-indicator fluorescence from &gt;9000 cells were used to establish the “fraction of reactive cells” in a stimulated population as experimental endpoint, that appeared robust, transparent and quantifiable. To provide an example of application to biomedical studies, functional consequences of prolonged exposure to the chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin were examined at non-cytotoxic concentrations. We found (i) neuronal (allodynia-like) hypersensitivity to otherwise non-activating mechanical stimulation that could be blocked by modulators of voltage-gated sodium channels; (ii) hyper-responsiveness to TRPV1 receptor stimulation. These findings and several other measured functional alterations indicate that the model is suitable for pharmacological and toxicological studies related to peripheral neuropathies.
Psychometric Evaluation of Age Discrimination Measures Using Classic Test and Item Response Theories
Authors: Peng Yisheng , Min Hanyi , Rosenblatt Alexa , Zhang Wenqin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough workplace age discrimination research has been recognized as increasingly important, much less agreement has been reached regarding the operationalization and measurement of age discrimination. There are multiple age discrimination scales, yet no systematic investigation of potential convergence across those scales exists. We conducted two investigations of age discrimination scales that differ in multiple measurement characteristics (e.g., content domain). Findings of confirmatory factor analyses from Study 1 (N = 248) indicated that although different age discrimination scales were related to the same higher-order construct, they were not interchangeable as they each accounted for idiosyncratic measurement variance. The usage of different scales resulted in different magnitudes of the relationships between age discrimination and its correlates. In addition to the replication of these results in Study 2 (N = 939), an item response theory approach was applied to demonstrate that different age discrimination scales possess different levels of test information at different places of the latent trait continuum. Taken together, our findings provide implications for researchers to thoughtfully choose their operationalization of age discrimination.
Elevated Sound Levels in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mayhew Kelli J. , Lawrence Sarah L. , Squires Janet E. , Harrison Denise 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Premature and sick neonates may require weeks of hospitalization in a noisy neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment with sound levels that may reach 120 decibels. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a maximum sound level of 45 decibels.

Purpose:
To measure sound levels in a level III NICU and to describe contributing environmental factors.

Methods:
Descriptive quantitative study. Sound levels were measured using a portable sound meter in an open-bay level III NICU. Contributing environmental factors were recorded and analyzed.

Results:
Mean sound levels for day, evening, and night shifts were 83.5, 83, and 80.9 decibels, respectively. Each period of time exceeded the recommended guidelines 90% of the time and was almost double the American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation. Multiple linear regression findings demonstrated significant factors associated with elevated sound levels including number of neonates, number of people, number of alarms, acuity level, and shift type. Observational data explain 14.5% of elevated sound levels.

Implications for Practice:
An understanding of baseline sound levels and contributing environmental factors is the first step in developing strategies to mitigate excessive noise in the NICU.

Implications for Research:
Research should focus on effective and sustainable ways to reduce sound levels in the NICU, including inside the isolette, in order to provide an environment that is conducive to optimal growth and neurodevelopment for preterm and sick infants.
Prospective Study of PET/MRI Tumor Response During Chemoradiotherapy for Patients With Low-risk and Intermediate-risk p16-positive Oropharynx Cancer
Authors: Witek Matthew E. , Kimple Randall J. , Avey Gregory D. , Burr Adam R. , Chandereng Thevaa , Yu Menggang , Hu Rong , Wieland Aaron M. , Labby Zacariah E. , Bruce Justine Y. , Brower Jeffrey V. , Hartig Gregory K. , Harari Paul M. 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine tumor response with positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during chemoradiotherapy as a predictor of outcome in patients with p16-positive oropharynx cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Patients with p16-positive oropharynx cancer were treated with chemoradiotherapy. Low-risk (LR) disease was defined as T1-T3 and N0-2b and ≤10 pack-years and intermediate-risk (IR) disease as T4 or N2c-3 or >10 pack-years. Patients underwent a PET/MRI scan pretreatment and at fraction 10. Change in value of imaging means were analyzed by analysis of variance. K-means clustering with Euclidean distance functions were used for patient clustering. Silhouette width was used to determine the optimal number of clusters. Linear regression was performed on all radiographic metrics using patient and disease characteristics.

Results:
Twenty-four patients were enrolled with 7 LR and 11 IR patients available for analysis. Pretreatment imaging characteristics between LR and IR patients were similar. Patients with LR disease exhibited a larger reduction in maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) compared with IR patients (P<0.05). Cluster analysis defined 2 cohorts that exhibited a similar intratreatment response. Cluster 1 contained 7 of 7 LR patients and 8 of 11 IR patients. Cluster 2 contained 3 of 11 IR patients. Cluster 2 exhibited significant differences compared with cluster 1 in the change in primary tumor peak SUV and largest lymph node median SUV.

Conclusions:
We identified that IR p16-positive oropharynx cancers exhibit heterogeneity in their PET/MRI response to chemoradiotherapy. These data support further study of intratreatment imaging response as a potential mechanism to identify patients with IR oropharynx cancer suitable for treatment deintensification.
The Impact of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kim Sonya , Mortera Marianne H. , Wen Pey-Shan , Thompson Karla L. , Lundgren Kristine , Reed William R. , Sasson Nicole , Towner Wright Sarah , Vora Ariana , Krishnan Shilpa , Joseph Justin , Heyn Patricia , Chin Bridget S. 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
To examine the evidence levels, study characteristics, and outcomes of nonpharmacologic complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) interventions in rehabilitation for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Data Sources:
MEDLINE (OvidSP), PubMed (NLM), EMBASE (Embase.com), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (OvidSP), Cochrane Library (Wiley), and National Guidelines Clearinghouse databases were evaluated using PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in INPLASY (protocol registration: INPLASY202160071).

Data Extraction:
Quantitative studies published between 1992 and 2020 investigating the efficacy of CIM for individuals with TBI of any severity, age, and outcome were included. Special diets, herbal and dietary supplements, and counseling/psychological interventions were excluded, as were studies with mixed samples if TBI data could not be extracted. A 2-level review comprised title/abstract screening, followed by full-text assessment by 2 independent reviewers.

Data Synthesis:
In total, 90 studies were included, with 57 001 patients in total. This total includes 2 retrospective studies with 17 475 and 37 045 patients. Of the 90 studies, 18 (20%) were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The remainder included 20 quasi-experimental studies (2-group or 1-group pre/posttreatment comparison), 9 retrospective studies, 1 single-subject study design, 2 mixed-methods designs, and 40 case study/case reports. Guided by the American Academy of Neurology evidence levels, class II criteria were met by 61% of the RCTs. Included studies examined biofeedback/neurofeedback (40%), acupuncture (22%), yoga/tai chi (11%), meditation/mindfulness/relaxation (11%), and chiropractic/osteopathic manipulation (11%). The clinical outcomes evaluated across studies included physical impairments (62%), mental health (49%), cognitive impairments (39%), pain (31%), and activities of daily living/quality of life (28%). Additional descriptive statistics were summarized using narrative synthesis. Of the studies included for analyses, 97% reported overall positive benefits of CIM.

Conclusion:
Rigorous and well experimentally designed studies (including RCTs) are needed to confirm the initial evidence supporting the use of CIM found in the existing literature.
Late-onset Group B Streptococcus Bacteremia Evaluated in the Pediatric Emergency Department and Risk Factors for Severe Infection
Authors: Ecclesia Francesco Giuseppe , Alonso Cadenas José Antonio , Gómez Borja , Gangoiti Iker , Hernández-Bou Susanna , de la Torre Espí Mercedes ,   on behalf of the Bacteremia Study Working Group from the Infectious Diseases Working Group, Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergencies
Published: April 2022

Background:
To describe the infants presenting to pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) and diagnosed with group B Streptococcus (GBS) late-onset disease (LOD) bacteremia and identify risk factors for severe infection and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission.

Methods:
Observational study and subanalysis of a multicenter prospective registry. Setting: pediatric emergency department. Inclusion criteria: infants between 7 and 89 days of age with positive blood culture for GBS seen between 2011 and 2016 at any of 22 Spanish PEDs. Main outcome: risk factors (clinical and laboratory variables) for severe infection (sepsis/septic shock or meningitis) and PICU admission. Second, the prevalence of poor outcomes (acute complications, sequelae or death).

Results:
Among 118 patients with LOD, 74 (62.7%) presented a severe infection: 66 sepsis/septic shock (11 with associated meningitis) and 8 meningitis. Thirty-five patients (29.7%) were admitted to a PICU. An altered Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) upon arrival and leukopenia were the only independent risk factors for severe infection [odds ratio (OR): 43.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.1–235.7, P < 0.01] and PICU admission (OR: 11.6; 95% CI: 1.5–91.4; P < 0.019), respectively. Six patients (5.1%) developed a poor outcome, including 2 deaths (1.7%); all had an altered PAT, elevated procalcitonin (range 4.7–100 ng/ml), and were diagnosed with sepsis/septic shock and admitted to a PICU. Four developed leukopenia.

Conclusions:
Infants with GBS LOD frequently develop sepsis/septic shock and bacterial meningitis, associated with non-negligible morbidity and mortality. Clinical appearance was the only risk factor for severe infection, whereas leukopenia was related to PICU admission.
Prevalence and risk factors of prenatal depression among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Adventist Hospital, Bekwai Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Acheanpong Kwabena , Pan Xiongfeng , Kaminga Atipasa Chiwanda , Liu Aizhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Depression, arising in the perinatal period are a major health issue in low- and middle-income countries. However, little attention has been paid in the research of depression symptoms. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of depression during pregnancy.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Adventist Hospital in the Bekwai Municipality, Ghana, between February and May 2020. Information on sociodemographic, medical, and obstetric factors were collected from the antenatal booklet and prenatal depression symptoms was defined as a patient health questionnaire scores ≥10. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Squared test, and Fisher exact test were used to analyze dichotomous variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% confidence interval [CI]) for risk factors associated with prenatal depression. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0.
The prevalence of prenatal depression in this study was 26.9% (95% CI; 24.6%–29.2%). Advance maternal age ≥35years (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.11, P < .026) and low educational attainment (AOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.23–2.34, P < .007) were significantly higher among women with parental depression compared with maternal age <35years and higher educational attainment respectively. Similarly, nulliparous women (AOR = 4.93, 95% CI 1.60–15.16, P < .005), primiparous women (AOR = 5.42, 95% CI 1.76–16.71, P < .003) and multiparous women (AOR = 4.79, 95% CI 1.61–14.22, P < .005) were significantly higher among women with parental depression compared with grand multiparous woman (≥7 deliveries). Finally, prenatal depression was found to be significantly associated with hypertension in pregnancy (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12–2.60, P < .013).
Depression during pregnancy is high in the study area and is significantly associated with advance maternal age, low educational attainment, parity less than 7 deliveries, and hypertension during pregnancy.