bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening apo‐SOD1 conformation stabilizers from natural flavanones using native ion mobility mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy methods
Authors: Zhao Bing , Bian Xinyu , Zhuang Xiaoyu , Liu Shu , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui 
Published: January 2022

RationaleA large number of studies have shown that the production of aberrant and deleterious copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) species is closely related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Therefore, it is of great significance to screen effective inhibitors of misfolding and aggregation of SOD1 for treating ALS disease.MethodsThe interaction between flavanone compounds with apo‐SOD1was investigated using native electrospray ion mobility mass spectrometry (native ESI‐IM‐MS). Binding affinities of ligands were compared using native MS, ESI‐MS/MS, collision‐induced unfolding, and competitive experiments. The effect of ligands on apo‐SOD1 aggregation was investigated using the fluorescence spectroscopy method.ResultsThe results of MS showed that the binding affinity of liquiritin apioside was the strongest, better than the corresponding monosaccharide and aglycone, indicating that the presence and the number of glycosyl group are beneficial to enhance ligand affinity to protein. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy for inhibiting protein aggregation in vitro were consistent with the binding affinity. In addition, the results of the collision‐induced unfolding indicated that liquiritin apioside can slow down the unfolding of the protein. Meanwhile, the results of competition experiment suggested that liquiritin apiosides share different binding sites with naringin and 5‐fluorouridine, which are significant for the structural stability of SOD1.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the binding of liquiritin apioside can stabilize apo‐SOD1 dimer and inhibit the aggregation of apo‐SOD1, and illustrated that native ESI‐IM‐MS is a powerful tool for providing insight into investigating the structure–activity relationship between small molecules and protein, and screening protein conformation stabilizers.
Three‐wise independent random walks can be slightly unbounded
Authors: Narayanan Shyam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecently, many streaming algorithms have utilized generalizations of the fact that the expected maximum distance of any 4‐wise independent random walk on a line over n steps is . In this paper, we show that 4‐wise independence is required for all of these algorithms, by constructing a 3‐wise independent random walk with expected maximum distance from the origin. We prove that this bound is tight for the first and second moment, and also extract a surprising matrix inequality from these results. Next, we consider a generalization where the steps are k‐wise independent random variables with bounded pth moments. We highlight the case : here, we prove that the second moment of the furthest distance traveled is . This implies an asymptotically stronger statement than Kolmogorov's maximal inequality that requires only 4‐wise independent random variables, and generalizes a recent result of Błasiok.
Multilevel optimal distinctiveness: Examining the impact of within‐ and between‐organization distinctiveness of product design on market performance
Authors: Bu Juan , Zhao Eric Yanfei , Li Krista J. , Li Joanna Mingxuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis research develops a multilevel framework to study optimal distinctiveness (OD) at two levels. We distinguish between within‐organization distinctiveness and between‐organization distinctiveness of product design and examine how they independently and interactively influence performance. Analyzing a unique data set of 2,203 model‐year observations for automobiles sold in the U.S. market from 2001 to 2016, we found that while within‐organization distinctiveness of product design hurts market performance, between‐organization distinctiveness of product design increases market performance. Moreover, when between‐organization distinctiveness of product design is high, the negative impact of within‐organization distinctiveness of product design on performance is weakened. These findings contribute to OD research by improving the understanding of OD as a multilevel construct and elaborating on its contextual contingency.Managerial SummaryHow should multiproduct organizations design their products to achieve better performance? This article provides a multilevel perspective that encourages managers of multiproduct organizations to consider different frames of references when designing products. We suggest that a product's design should be consistent with the prototypical design of its organization, whereas the prototypical design of this organization should be different from the average design in the industry. We also found that an atypical design is more desirable if it is from an organization known for distinctive designs in its industry. Our findings help managers of multiproduct organizations achieve the optimal levels of design distinctiveness at both the product and organizational levels.
Diagnosis and therapy of polypoid tracheobronchitis presenting as a mass in a dog
Authors: del Solar Raquel , Blasi Carles , Anselmi Carlo , Martínez Jorge , Castro Jorge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 9‐year‐old Maltese dog was presented with a history of chronic cough. On the radiographic and CT studies a long smoothly marginated tracheal mass with bilateral bronchial extension was detected. These findings were confirmed by bronchoscopy and dynamic grade II tracheal collapse was also observed. Biopsies were performed and histopathology revealed marked polypoid proliferation of the tracheal mucosa with intense lymphoplasmacytic and macrophagic infiltration consistent with polypoid tracheobronchitis. Prednisone was started but due to the absence of a complete response, cyclosporine was added. Six weeks later the cough had resolved, and the mass was not visible at radiographic follow‐up. Prednisone was discontinued without recurrence, but when cyclosporine was tapered, the mass and clinical signs reappeared. Three years later the patient was still on treatment with cyclosporine, without clinical signs and no evidence of the mass was observed at the follow‐up CT scan.
Lung perforation caused by suture ends as a complication of lung lobectomy in a dog
Authors: Demars Claire , Minier Kévin , Boland Laetitia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 7‐year‐old female bearded collie was presented with a 6‐month history of coughing. A thoracic and abdominal computed tomography examination revealed a large soft tissue mass within the right caudal and middle pulmonary lobes. A right caudal, middle and accessory lobe lung lobectomy was performed with a combination of manual sutures and staples. A persistent pneumothorax was observed during the 4 days following surgery, and surgical exploration was conducted. Two lung perforations in the cranial pulmonary lobe induced by the suture ends from the first procedure were detected. A right cranial lobectomy using a TA stapler was performed, resulting in a right total pneumonectomy. Seven months after the surgery, the dog was reported to be doing well with no recurrence of clinical signs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of a lung perforation caused by suture ends as a complication of lung lobectomy in a dog.
Possible cardiotoxicity associated with low‐dose doxorubicin during chemotherapy in a ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta) with multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Stringer Elizabeth , Thamm Douglas , Melendez Giselle , Han Sushan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis case report describes an 18‐year‐old, male, ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta) diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma and leukaemia treated with a modified 16‐week cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone protocol, using anaesthesia for the intravenous chemotherapy administration of vincristine and doxorubicin, in addition to daily oral prednisolone and monthly oral cyclophosphamide. This regimen was repeated four times and modified to a 3‐week protocol with removal of doxorubicin for one additional cycle. There was initial decrease in peripheral node diameter without change of leukaemia. The lemur tolerated treatments well, remaining socially active within the troop, with normal appetite and demeanour. The lemur gradually developed azotaemia and then declined rapidly in the fifth month after diagnosis, ultimately becoming hyporexic, losing weight, and was humanely euthanased. At postmortem examination, multicentric lymphoma was as noted clinically with severe myocardial degeneration and fibrosis that included histological features similar to doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, as described in humans and other species.
Staff perceptions of COVID‐19 impacts on wildlife conservation at a zoological institution
Authors: Fine Leah , Barnes Carolyn , Niedbalski Amy , Deem Sharon L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has impacted virtually all aspects of a global society. By using a transdisciplinary team and methodology, our study highlights the importance of utilizing a One Health approach to address global health and conservation challenges in tandem. We examined how conservation conducted by an accredited zoological institution was altered by the pandemic. In July 2020, we surveyed a select subset of Saint Louis Zoo employees to understand how these staff members perceived their conservation work to be affected during this time. Additionally, in November and December 2020, seven survey respondents were interviewed virtually for qualitative data. Our hypothesis was that lack of funding, reduced ability to travel, and shifting priorities among conservation professionals, as well as their respective institutions, would be significant barriers to conservation efforts. Our survey results revealed that the top three perceived challenges to conservation projects at the Saint Louis Zoo due to the COVID‐19 pandemic were lack of funding (83.9%), reductions in Zoo visitors (56.3%), and inability/lack of ability to access field sites and laboratories (55.2%). Respondents also indicated that the top three most important Zoo conservation activities before the COVID‐19 pandemic were (1) local/national/global wildlife management and recovery programs, (tie 2) caring for animals in the Zoo's collection, and (tie 2) genetic breeding programs. At least half of respondents indicated that the pandemic had significantly or slightly decreased the ability of staff to perform all three activities. Results supported our hypothesis that reduced funding, limited travel, and shifting priorities were challenges to zoological conservation at this institution. Although travel restrictions will likely persist, continual funding will be critical for maintaining conservation. Our results also indicate that reductions in Zoo visitors were another perceived barrier to conservation and that staff needed to find novel ways to connect with the public. Results from this study may help zoos and aquariums better understand the unique pandemic‐associated challenges that threaten conservation at their institutions and may be helpful in designing programs and projects in a post‐pandemic world.
Peer Review in Academia
Authors: Forsberg Eva , Geschwind Lars , Levander Sara , Wermke Wieland 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we outline the notion of peer review and its relation to the autonomy of the academic profession and the contract between science and society. This is followed by an introduction of some key themes regarding the practices of peer review. Next, we specify some reasons to further explore different practices of peer review. Briefly, the state of the art is presented. Finally, the structure of this volume and its individual contributions are presented.
The Decision-Making Constraints and Processes of Grant Peer Review, and Their Effects on the Review Outcome
Authors: Langfeldt Liv 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen distributing grants, research councils use peer expertise as a guarantee for supporting the best projects. However, there are no clear norms for assessments, and there may be a large variation in what criteria reviewers emphasize – and how they are emphasized. The determinants of peer review may therefore be accidental, in the sense that who reviews what research and how reviews are organized may determine outcomes. This chapter deals with how the review process affects the outcome of grant review. It is a reprint of a study of the multitude of review procedures practiced in The Research Council of Norway (RCN) in the 1990s. While it is outdated as an empirical study of the RCN, it provides some general insights into the dynamics of grant review panels and the effects of different ways of organising the decision-making in the panels. Notably, it is still one of the few in-depth studies of grant review processes based on direct observation of panel meetings and full access to applications and review documents. A central finding is that rating scales and budget restrictions are more important than review guidelines for the kind of criteria applied by the reviewers. The decision-making methods applied by the review panels when ranking proposals are found to have substantial effects on the outcome. Some ranking methods tend to support uncontroversial and safe projects, whereas other methods give better chances for scholarly pluralism and controversial research.
The Many Faces of Peer Review
Authors: Hansen Hanne Foss 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn academia peer review is an essential and multifarious form of evaluation in relation to both research and educational activities. Further, peer review practices are continuously developing alongside institutional changes and reforms. This chapter sheds light on how peer review as an evaluation concept has developed over time and discusses which roles peer review play today. A typology distinguishing between classical peer review, informed and standards-based peer review, modified peer review and extended peer review is developed. A finding is that peer review today is found with all these faces. Further, peer review practices play many roles, including decision-making, rewarding, naming and shaming, learning and improvement as well as legitimating activities and leadership.
Your Brother’s Gatekeeper: How Effects of Evaluation Machineries in Research Are Sometimes Enhanced
Authors: Dahler-Larsen Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany warnings are issued against the influence of evaluation machineries (such as bibliometric indicators) upon research practices. It is often argued that human judgment can function as a bulwark against constitutive effects of evaluation machineries. Using vignettes (small case narratives) related to the Danish Bibliometric Research Indicator (BRI), this chapter shows that gatekeepers who “know the future” and use this “knowledge” in a preemptive or precautionary way play a key role in the construction of reality which comes out of the BRI. By showing that human judgment sometimes enhances or multiplies the effects of evaluation machineries, this chapter contributes to an understanding of mechanisms which lead to constitutive effects of evaluation systems in research.
Autofiction and Film: Archival Practices in Post-millennial Documentary Cinema in Argentina and Spain
Authors: Forné Anna , López-Gay Patricia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines three recent autofictional documentaries produced in Argentina and Spain—Albertina Carri’sCuatreros(Rustlers), Mercedes Álvarez’sMercado de futuros(Futures Market), and Víctor Erice’sVidros partidos(Broken Windows)—which share a distinctive “archival impulse.” These films propose a meaning in a specific political sense which we read in relation to the contexts of the Iberian financial crisis and the memories of political violence during the last dictatorship in Argentina. We address the autofictional strategies through which the filmmakers “re-stage” the archive by adopting an aesthetics of ambiguity that unsettles the modern paradigm of the archive as static evidence of a given reality, revolving instead around a conception of the archive as a self-reflective process that becomes the subject matter in its own right.
Autofiction and Self-Portraiture: Jenny Diski and Claude Cahun
Authors: Grant Ben 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that the contemporary British writer Jenny Diski and the Modernist French photographer and writer Claude Cahun are both literary self-portraitists, as this term is defined by Michel Beaujour. This is evident in their similar approaches to the themes of masquerade, narcissism, and naming. By reading Diski’s The Dream Mistress and Cahun’s Disavowals in the light of Julia Kristeva’s account of narcissism, as well as theories of autofiction and self-portraiture, the chapter further contends that self-portraiture arises from a distinct conception of the self, and of the psychological origins of artistic creativity. On this basis, it can be contrasted with autofiction, and autofiction and self-portraiture can then be seen to be related to each other as the two poles of contemporary life-writing.
Metanarrative Autofiction: Critical Engagement with Cultural Narrative Models
Authors: Meretoja Hanna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines a new form of autofiction that has emerged in the twenty-first century, which the chapter proposes to callmetanarrative autofiction. Such writing displays awareness of how our ways of narrating our lives are socially, culturally, and historically conditioned. The chapter conceptualizes metanarrativity in this context as a form of self-reflexive storytelling that makes narrative its theme, reflecting not only on the process of its own narration but also on the roles of cultural narrative models in making sense of our lives. The chapter discusses affordances of metanarrative autofiction in Annie Ernaux’sLes Années(The Years) (2008), Karl Ove Knausgaard’sMin kamp(My Struggle) (2009–2011), and the Finnish singer-songwriter Astrid Swan’sViimeinen kirjani(2019,My Last Book).
Multilingual Autofiction: Mobilizing Language(s)?
Authors: Egendal Helle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter argues that in postmigrant literature published since the 1990s, a new mode has emerged that traverses different countries and cultures: multilingual autofiction. The chapter explores the aesthetic scope and political potential of this autofictional mode for the negotiation of an author’s multilingual identities, with reference to case studies from Germany, Sweden, and Denmark: Feridun Zaimoğlu’s Kanak Sprak: 24 Misstöne vom Rande der Gesellschaft (Kanak Sprak: 24 Discordant Notes from the Margin of Society) (1995) Jonas Hassen Khemiri’s Ett öga rött (One Eye Red) (2005), and Yahya Hassan’s YahyaHassan (2013). It investigates the ways in which the flexibility that autofictional strategies afford is mobilized in these texts to penetrate political discourses on migration, transculturality, and racism.
Visual Autofiction: A Strategy for Cultural Inclusion
Authors: Ferreira-Meyers Karen , Tau Bontle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVisual autofiction can be seen as a storytelling method used by contemporary visual artists to initiate cultural inclusion within a field that has historically favored Western narratives and excluded many others. This chapter, which builds on theoretical reflections on autofiction, contends that contemporary artists endeavor to be culturally included in broad, decolonized visual narratives, through the use of innovative visual autofictional methods to represent their experiences. In the case of South African visual artist Bontle Tau, autofiction is used as a strategy to construct a multiform and multifaceted photographic narrative that foregrounds the diversity of selves and stories, further supporting the overall aim of cultural inclusion within representations in the field.
Article 10: The Right to Family Reunification
Authors: Whalen Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArticle 10 provides international human rights codification of basic principles that apply in related Hague Convention treaties regarding international travel by children or parents for the purpose of family reunification and visits to maintain relations and personal contact. This chapter looks at the drafting history of Article 10 and related international legal materials, as well as the general principles and related provisions of the UNCRC to outline the substantive content of Article 10. It sets out three main attributes of Article 10, from which indicators of child rights implementation can be derived. These are: (1) the need to treat requests to enter or leave a country for family reunification in a positive, humane, and expeditious manner; (2) ensuring that requests to leave or enter a country entail no adverse consequences for parents, children, or their families; and (3) maintaining relations and personal contacts with both parents if residing in separate states.
Article 11: The Right to Protection from Illicit Transfer and Non-return of Children Abroad
Authors: Vaghri Ziba , Kotze Gavin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract‘When questioned about what the State should do, they consider “that today much time is lost in bureaucracies and that the process should be faster” and that for this “the state should apply more rules to change this.”’ (Western Europe/Other)
Article 22: The Right to Protection for Refugee and Asylum-Seeking Children
Authors: Whalen Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArticle 22 guarantees the substantive application of all Convention rights to the particular situation of asylum seeking and refugee children, and also guarantees them protection and assistance in advancing their immigration and residency status claims and in overcoming the hurdles posed by international migration channels, including guarantees of due process. The rights of refugee and asylum-seeking children can be analyzed in relation to four essential attributes. First of all, Article 22 insists upon appropriate protection and humanitarian assistance. Refugee children are not granted a special status under the Convention, but they are not given any lesser status. They are to be treated as children first and foremost and not as migrants per se, in the sense that national immigration policy cannot trump child rights. The basic rights to education, health, and child welfare of these children needs to be protected to the same extent, and as much as possible, as children who are nationals of the host country. The second attribute preserves the rights of refugee children not only under the Convention but under all other international human right treaties and humanitarian instruments binding on the relevant States Party. These may include, for many governments, the 1951 Refugee Convention, the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Convention for the Protection of Minors, 1961, among others. A third attribute of Article 22 insists upon the duty to protect and assist refugee children. This entails a clear duty to provide children with appropriate due process rights throughout their asylum and refugee claims procedures, including the child’s right to be heard and participate in all the processes determining the child’s residence or immigration status, border admission, deportation, repatriation, detention, alternative measures, or placement, including best interest determination processes. The fourth and final attribute of Article 22 asserts that two basic principles should guide each activity with the refugee child: the best interests of the child and the principle of family unity.