bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic versus open caudate lobe liver resections: a 1:2 propensity score‐matched controlled study based on a single institution experience
Authors: Wang Zhongkai , Linn Yun‐Le , Chong Yvette , Chung Alexander Y. , Chan Chung‐Yip , Goh Brian K. P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the wide use of laparoscopy for liver resection, laparoscopic caudate lobe resections(L‐CLR) remain technically challenging, only attempted by experts in the field. The primary objective of this study was to determine the safety and compare the perioperative outcomes of L‐CLR with O‐CLR based on our single institution experience in a 1:2 propensity score‐matched controlled study based on our single institution experience.MethodsBetween 2004 and 2020, 67 consecutive patients who underwent CLR at Singapore General Hospital were identified. Propensity score matching (PSM) of laparoscopic versus open caudate lobe resections(O‐CLR) was performed in a 1:2 ratio with no replacements using nearest neighbour matching method.ResultsL‐CLR was associated with a significantly decreased median blood loss (150 mL versus 500 mL, P = 0.001) and a decreased median post‐operative stay (3 days versus 7.5 days, P = <0.01) in the unmatched cohorts. After 1:2 propensity score matching, these results were again demonstrated with a significantly lower blood loss (150 mL versus 400 mL, P = 0.016) and a shorter postoperative stay (3 days versus 7 days, P = <0.01) in favour of L‐CLR. 30‐day readmission and major morbidity (Clavien–Dindo grade > 2) rates were all in favour of L‐CLR as well but could not reach statistical significance.ConclusionL‐CLR can be safely performed by experienced surgeons. It is associated with decreased blood loss and shorter perioperative stay compared to O‐CLR.
Implementation science to design, test and scale up effective Kangaroo Mother Care in Oromia region, Ethiopia
Authors: Estifanos Abiy Seifu , Haile Mariam Damen , Fikre Addisalem , Kote Mesfin , Tariku Abraham , Chan Grace J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo develop a locally tested and optimised Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) scale‐up model to achieve high population‐based effective coverage of KMC in Oromia region.MethodWe conducted an implementation research study to design and test KMC scale‐up models from March 2017 to March 2019 in five hospitals and 39 health centres covering a population of 1.1 million in Oromia region, Ethiopia. We evaluated the models by measuring effective KMC coverage (at least 8 hours of skin‐to‐skin care plus exclusive breastfeeding) for newborns weighing <2000 g in the 24 hours before discharge from the KMC facility and on the 7th‐day post‐discharge.ResultsAfter three cycles of iterative model implementation, we developed a KMC scale‐up model that resulted in increased population‐based effective KMC coverage. We enhanced the existing health system by strengthening the health system, reinforcing the linkages between the health system and communities and improving community engagement. Our final model achieved effective KMC coverage of 54%: 95% CI [49, 60] in the 24 hours before discharge from the facility and 38%: 95% CI [32, 43] on the 7th‐day post‐discharge.ConclusionThrough iterative testing and adaptations, a model to scale up KMC that achieves 54% population‐based effective coverage of KMC can be developed.
Effects of forest fragmentation on the weight of understory birds at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Amazonia
Authors: Kazo Lara , Lovejoy Thomas , Luther David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeforestation and habitat fragmentation are known as the chief drivers of biodiversity loss. Less is known about the condition of species and individuals that remain in disturbed habitats. Theory predicts that resources are more limited after compared with before fragment isolation. Thus, we assessed how body condition of individual birds' changes in response to forest fragment isolation. We compared weights of the same individually banded birds caught in mist nets within 5 years before and after fragment isolation and assessed the population‐level changes of three species at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in the Brazilian Amazon. We predicted that fragment isolation would result in reduced weight for all bird species. Out of the 3466 bird mist net captures before and after isolation in the 1980s and the 2150 birds captured before and after re‐isolation of fragments in the 2010s, only 73 adult individuals from 36 different species were recaptured, suggesting that few individuals stay in fragments. Contrary to predictions, insectivorous species that remained in fragments gained weight (3.43%) after fragment isolation while frugivorous birds maintained a stable weight. While recent studies report long‐term declines in body mass of birds in tropical unfragmented tropical forests, our results provide a novel analysis into how avian body mass responds to habitat fragmentation. Further studies on the body condition of individuals that remain in fragments and the ultimate consequences of fluctuations in body condition are needed to better understand why some individuals and species are more susceptible to forest fragmentation than others.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
Value of human‐modified forests for the conservation of canopy epiphytes
Authors: Parra‐Sanchez Edicson , Banks‐Leite Cristina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman‐modified forests—HMFs—now cover more area worldwide than primary forests and could help buffering the ongoing species loss. However, their role in protecting canopy epiphytes remains unclear, partially because these communities require large trees, high humidity, and shade, conditions which are rare in HMFs. Here, we assessed how canopy epiphytes, in different ontogenetic stages, are structured in HMFs. Specifically, we evaluated how species richness, total abundance, and community composition, and how abundance of seedlings and juveniles, are affected by the local and landscape context in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Across all sites, we found 82.9% of species and 75.5% of individuals exclusively in old‐growth forest, while HMFs hosted only 15.5% of all species, sharing 75% of their species with old‐growth forests communities, and pastures hosted 1% of species richness and 2.8% of individuals sharing 60% of their species with old‐growth forest communities. We also found that seedling and juveniles were twice as abundant than adults in old‐growth forest, similarly abundant to adults in HMFs and absent from pastures. Low numbers of individuals in early ontogenetic stages in HMFs and pastures are likely to impact future generations of epiphytes in these areas. Although HMFs provide important refuge for many species, our results show that they do not provide suitable conditions for the maintenance of current or future canopy epiphyte communities. Our findings suggest that conserving large continuous old‐growth forests is the only viable conservation option for protecting most vascular epiphytes.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Transplantation of Roxadustat‐preconditioned bone marrow stromal cells improves neurological function recovery through enhancing grafted cell survival in ischemic stroke rats
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Lin Xiao , Yao Chaojie , Bingwa Lebohang Anesu , Wang Hao , Lin Zhongxiao , Jin Kunlin , Zhuge Qichuan , Yang Su 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe therapeutic effect of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation for ischemic stroke is limited by its low survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Roxadustat (FG‐4592) pretreatment could promote the survival rate of grafted BMSCs and improve neurological function deficits in ischemia rats.MethodsOxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) and permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were constructed as stroke models in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry analysis and expression of Bax and Bcl‐2 were detected to evaluate BMSCs apoptosis. Infarct volume and neurobehavioral score were applied to evaluate functional recovery. Inflammatory cytokine expression, neuronal apoptosis, and microglial M1 polarization were assessed to confirm the enhanced neurological recovery after FG‐4592 pretreatment.ResultsFG‐4592 promoted autophagy level to inhibit OGD‐induced apoptosis through HIF‐1α/BNIP3 pathway. GFP and Ki67 double staining showed an improved survival rate of BMSCs in the FG‐4592 group, whereas infarct volume and neurobehavioral score verified its enhanced neurological recovery activity simultaneously. NeuN and Iba‐1 fluorescence staining showed improved neural survival and decreased microglial activation, along with decreased IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels through the TLR‐4/NF‐kB pathway.ConclusionsFG‐4592 pretreated BMSCs improve neurological function recovery after stroke and are likely to be a promising strategy for stroke management.
Introducing a common taxonomy to support learning from failure in conservation
Authors: Dickson Iain , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Catalano Allison , Gibbons David , Jones Julia P. G. , Lee‐Brooks Katie , Oldfield Thomasina , Noble David , Paterson Stuart , Roy Sugoto , Semelin Julien , Tinsley‐Marshall Paul , Trevelyan Rosie , Wauchope Hannah , Wicander Sylvia , Sutherland William J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough some sectors have made significant progress in learning from failure, there is currently limited consensus on how a similar transition could best be achieved in conservation and what is required to facilitate this. One of the key enabling conditions for other sectors is a widely accepted and standardized classification system for identifying and analyzing root causes of failure. We devised a comprehensive taxonomy of root causes of failure affecting conservation projects. To develop this, we solicited examples of real‐life conservation efforts that were deemed to have failed in some way, identified their underlying root causes of failure, and used these to develop a generic, 3‐tier taxonomy of the ways in which projects fail, at the top of which are 6 overarching cause categories that are further divided into midlevel cause categories and specific root causes. We tested the taxonomy by asking conservation practitioners to use it to classify the causes of failure for conservation efforts they had been involved in. No significant gaps or redundancies were identified during this testing phase. We then analyzed the frequency that particular root causes were encountered by projects within this test sample, which suggested that some root causes were more likely to be encountered than others and that a small number of root causes were more likely to be encountered by projects implementing particular types of conservation action. Our taxonomy could be used to improve identification, analysis, and subsequent learning from failed conservation efforts, address some of the barriers that currently limit the ability of conservation practitioners to learn from failure, and contribute to establishing an effective culture of learning from failure within conservation.
Tourism may threaten wildlife disease refugia
Authors: Kok Philippe J. R. , Laking Alexandra , Smith Carl , Berti Arturo , Martel An , Pasmans Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe remoteness and isolation of South American tabletop mountain (tepui) summits may protect against infections that underpin global amphibian declines. Increases in recreational pressure in such unspoiled destinations, and in isolated ecosystems globally, pose a poorly understood risk of wildlife disease introduction, especially in supposedly immunologically naïve communities. We here report the first observed chytrid infections in the Pantepui biogeographical region. Infections significantly correlate with proximity to the nearest basic tourist infrastructure in four endemic amphibians occurring on tepui summits and their slopes. Phylogenetic relationships and environmental context suggest a high risk of severe and irreversible population declines in unique, early branching amphibians. These findings advocate for an urgent control of recreational pressure in isolated, highly vulnerable ecosystems.
Sequential liver and kidney living donors: Making the ultimate gift twice
Authors: Al Harakeh Hasan , Emmanuel Bishoy , Hughes Christopher , Tevar Amit , Steel Jennifer Lynne , DiMartini Andrea , Ganesh Swaytha , Sood Puneet , Humar Abhinav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere are nearly 150 living donors in the United States who donated more than one solid organ. Using our divisional database, we found 20 individuals who donated a liver and a kidney at different times. We performed a retrospective chart review of these donors, studying their motivating factors, complications and outcomes. The donors included 11 (55%) males and nine females. Thirteen (65%) donated the kidney before the liver. Fourteen (70%) were nondirected donors at the first donation, and four of the six directed donors in the first donation became nondirected in the second donation. Seventeen (85%) were nondirected at the second donation. Common reasons for donating the second time were a good experience with the first donation and knowing that one can donate again. Outcomes and the incidence of early complications were not significantly different after the 2nd versus the 1st donation. All donors recovered and currently are doing well. Our results show a significant number of dual organ donors are nondirected and motivated by their strong desire to help. A positive experience with the 1st donation often was the driving factor for the 2nd. A history of previous organ donation did not negatively impact the 2nd donation.
1027. TROPAEOLUM PENTAPHYLLUM subsp. MEGAPETALUM: Tropaeolaceae
Authors: Hind Nicholas , Moore Richard , King Christabel 
Published: June 2022

SummaryTropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. subsp. megapetalum (Buchenau) Sparre (Tropaeolaceae) is described and illustrated; the subspecies is endemic to Bolivia, but is relatively widespread in montane areas between 1900 and 3100 m. Cultivation and related notes are provided. The presence of thread‐like pollenkitt has been observed amongst the pollen in dehiscing anthers of T. pentaphyllum subsp. megapetalum, T. pentaphyllum subsp. pentaphyllum, T. austropurpureum (J. M. Watson & A. R. Flores) J. M. Watson & A. R. Flores, T. brachyceras Hook. & Arn., T. tricolor Sweet, a proposed hybrid (originating at Kew), T. tricolor × brachyceras and T. majus L., and in herbarium material of T. minus L. and T. speciosum Poepp. & Endl., although viscin‐like threads have never been reported in Tropaeolum before. The likelihood that this is connected with the ornithophilous pollination biology is discussed as is the potential for further research. The distinction of the subspecies is discussed in relation to the other two subspecies. A perspective on the Tropaeolaceae is provided, and a brief history of Tropaeolum outlined. Tropaeolum sect. Chilensia subsect. Chymocarpus (within which T. pentaphyllum is placed) is now validated after previous attempts failed, and a new combination provided.
Decoding violated sensory expectations from the auditory cortex of anaesthetised mice: Hierarchical recurrent neural network depicts separate ‘danger’ and ‘safety’ units
Authors: O'Reilly Jamie A. , Angsuwatanakul Thanate , Wehrman Jordan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ability to respond appropriately to sensory information received from the external environment is among the most fundamental capabilities of central nervous systems. In the auditory domain, processes underlying this behaviour are studied by measuring auditory‐evoked electrophysiology during sequences of sounds with predetermined regularities. Identifying neural correlates of ensuing auditory novelty responses is supported by research in experimental animals. In the present study, we reanalysed epidural field potential recordings from the auditory cortex of anaesthetised mice during frequency and intensity oddball stimulation. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and hierarchical recurrent neural network (RNN) modelling were adopted to explore these data with greater resolution than previously considered using conventional methods. Time‐wise and generalised temporal decoding MVPA approaches revealed previously underestimated asymmetry between responses to sound‐level transitions in the intensity oddball paradigm, in contrast with tone frequency changes. After training, the cross‐validated RNN model architecture with four hidden layers produced output waveforms in response to simulated auditory inputs that were strongly correlated with grand‐average auditory‐evoked potential waveforms (r2 > .9). Units in hidden layers were classified based on their temporal response properties and characterised using principal component analysis and sample entropy. These demonstrated spontaneous alpha rhythms, sound onset and offset responses and putative ‘safety’ and ‘danger’ units activated by relatively inconspicuous and salient changes in auditory inputs, respectively. The hypothesised existence of corresponding biological neural sources is naturally derived from this model. If proven, this could have significant implications for prevailing theories of auditory processing.
Effects of different organic amendments on soil pore structure acquired by three‐dimensional investigation
Authors: Xuan Kefan , Li Xiaopeng , Yu Xiuling , Jiang Yifei , Ji Jingchun , Jia Renhao , Wang Can , Liu Jianli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe application of organic amendments is an important way to improve soil structure. However, the differences in soil pore properties after adding various organic materials are not fully available, which is important for selecting the most suitable material for soil improvement. In this study, soil pore structures in a field experiment amended with different organic materials (maize straw [MS], cattle manure, mixture of MS and cattle manure, biochar, woody peat, and polyacrylamide [PAM]) were determined by digital image analysis and three‐dimensional (3D) investigation, and their changes were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that all organic material applications reduced the soil bulk density and increased the field capacity and water‐stable macroaggregate content. The 3D information about the soil pore structure showed that MS return was closely related to pore shape parameters. Soil treated with PAM had a low channel and throat number, long channel length and large throat area, all of which affect soil solute migration and crop root growth. A straw and organic fertiliser mixture changed the medium and large porosity (>500 μm) percentage from 1.1% to 9.7%, and the connected/isolated porosity ratio (C/I ratio) increased by 4.7 times. Taken together, our results indicate that the application of organic amendments can effectively improve the soil microstructure in fluvo‐aquic soils of the Huanghuaihai Plain in China, which is consistent with macroscopic physical properties such as bulk density and field capacity. PAM addition can promote the redistribution of air, water and nutrients in the soil. Straw returning can significantly affect the soil pore shape. Among all organic amendments, a straw and organic fertiliser mixture had the most obvious effects on the soil structure, especially on improving soil connectivity.Highlights
Computed tomography and digital image processing used to visualise and quantify pore structure of soil treated with organic materials.
Applications of various organic amendments reduced bulk density of fluvo‐aquic soil.
Field capacity and water‐stable macroaggregates were increased.
Straw and organic fertiliser improved soil porosity and connectivity and increased numbers of macropores.
Using the modified Schirmer test for dry mouth assessment: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Schoppmeier Christoph Matthias , Helpap Juliane , Hagemeier Anna , Wicht Michael Jochen , Barbe Anna Greta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to establish whether the modified Schirmer test could serve as a diagnostic tool for dry mouth, that is, whether it could reliably measure salivary film at selected locations within the oral cavity, and to identify levels of sensitivity/specificity and determine reference values. Therefore, a cross‐sectional study (N = 120, mean age 63.5 [SD 13.9] years) was performed. The test was used at five locations (hard palate; buccal mucosa in molar region at 4 mm above occlusal plane; anterior tongue; lower lip; mouth floor), and results were recorded after 1, 2 and 3 min. A statistically significant discriminatory ability of the Schirmer test for the unstimulated salivary flow rates could be shown for the palate (at 3 min), buccal mucosa (at 1 min), mouth floor (at 1 min), and tongue (at 2 and 3 min) (areas under the curve 0.64–0.68), with individual sensitivity/specificity values depending on test location/time points. Thus, the modified Schirmer test has potential to become a simple and reproducible instrument for the detection of dry mouth based on low unstimulated salivary flow rates in dentistry and especially outreach care. Care must be taken concerning intraoral test location and measurement time.
A survey of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use in the post‐operative period following equine colic surgery
Authors: Gibbs Rachel , Duz Marco , Shipman Emma 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundThere is currently a lack of evidence surrounding the factors that contribute towards a clinician's decision to discontinue non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration during the post‐operative period following equine colic surgery, as well as the drugs and dosages commonly administered to these patients.ObjectivesTo survey clinicians involved in the care of colic patients as to their use of NSAIDs and to investigate the factors associated with the decision to discontinue their administration.Study designAn online questionnaire was created using Jisc Online Surveys, designed to record information about the use of NSAIDs by equine clinicians who regularly manage post‐operative colic patients.MethodsThe questionnaire was distributed to boarded equine veterinarians from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM), the European College of Equine Internal Medicine (ECEIM) and the European College of Veterinary Surgeons (ECVS).ResultsResponses were obtained from 60 clinicians. Flunixin and phenylbutazone were the most administered NSAIDs and were also the most widely available drugs. 83% of clinicians ranked the absence of active colic signs as an important factor to consider when deciding the timepoint for NSAID discontinuation following colic surgery, in addition to 81% for pain score evaluation, and 78% for the absence of fever. NSAIDs were typically discontinued 5–7 days post‐operatively in the absence of complications but were often continued for longer where complications occurred.Main limitationsFree text answer boxes provided in the questionnaire meant that some answers were difficult to interpret alongside the rest of the data and, therefore, had to be omitted. The case scenarios were fictitious, potentially altering the clinicians’ treatment decisions compared with real‐life cases, where more clinical information would be available.ConclusionsThere is variation in NSAID usage in the post‐operative colic patient, but agreement among clinicians about which factors are influential when considering NSAID discontinuation.