bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of suicide prevention training and suicide-related terminology in United States chiropractic training and licensing requirements
Authors: Cupler Zachary A. , Price Morgan , Daniels Clinton J. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo summarize the prevalence of suicide-related terminology in US doctor of chiropractic educational programs, residency programs, continuing education training, diplomate training programs, and state licensure requirements. The secondary objective was to provide next-step recommendations to enhance suicide prevention education and training for the profession.MethodsA review of public-facing electronic documents and websites occurred from April to May 2020 for doctor of chiropractic program course catalogs, residency program curriculum overviews, state licensing requirements, candidate handbooks for the chiropractic specialties, and continuing education training. Data were extracted to tables reflecting the state of suicide prevention training and suicide-related terminology. Descriptive statistics were used to report the findings.ResultsOf 19 doctor of chiropractic programs, 54 relevant courses were identified. No course catalogs specifically mentioned suicide prevention education, but specific risk factor-related terminology was highlighted. For the 10 doctor of chiropractic residency programs, all required mandatory trainee training, which included suicide prevention education. Two states required suicide prevention education training as part of the state re-licensure process and are available through 4 continuing education courses. No diplomate training program handbooks included a requirement of suicide prevention education though suicide risk-factor terminology was described in some handbooks.ConclusionThe state of suicide prevention training in the chiropractic profession documented in handbooks is largely lacking and widely varied at this time. The development of profession-specific suicide prevention continuing education may be beneficial for practicing chiropractors, and suicide prevention curriculum development at the doctor of chiropractic programs may prepare future doctors of chiropractic.
Electronic Tattoo with Transferable Printed Electrodes and Interconnects for Wireless Electrophysiology Monitoring
Authors: Huttunen Olli‐Heikki , Behfar Mohammad H. , Hiitola‐Keinänen Johanna , Hiltunen Jussi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe increasing need for wearable electrophysiological monitoring devices has motivated significant amount of research to develop electronic tattoos (e‐tattoo) enabling high comfortability and unobtrusive usage. Despite considerable advancements, challenges still remain that limit the device testing under clinical settings and consequently, the uptake to practical usage. A key challenge is the robust full signal pathway from the skin to the electronics device. Another factor limiting the concept testing with high number of test devices is the lack for scalable materials and processes comprising all manufacturing steps. The study presents a scalable manufacturing of self‐adhering tattoo electrodes and interconnects on transferable breathable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with the thickness of 30 µm. Transfer tattoo enables two‐sided signal pathway from the skin, in to the encapsulated conductor traces and provides exposed connection points to electronics. The e‐tattoos withstand repeated one thousand, 10% elongation cycles and the transfer substrate showed breathability comparable to commercial medical patches. The integration of flexible wireless ECG module with the skin‐mounted e‐tattoo is also demonstrated. The results enable the up‐scaled fabrication of robust e‐tattoos with integrated electronic modules that is prerequisite for the scientific studies relying on high number of test devices and industrial uptake of e‐tattoo concepts.
Conjugated Polymer‐Wrapped Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Mobility Photonic/Electrical Fully Modulated Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Mburu Maina Moses , Lu Kuan‐Ting , Prine Nathaniel L. , Au‐Duong Ai‐Nhan , Chiang Wei‐Hung , Gu Xiaodan , Chiu Yu‐Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough synaptic devices have already demonstrated their operability through electric or photonic signals or a combination thereof, current challenges include developing a single hardware synaptic device that is independently fully operational through either photonic or electric signals to improve device versatility. Additionally, most previously reported devices are fabricated using multiple technical processes—which impede device implementation—while the low‐output current triggered in most such devices limits the possible integration of auxiliary gadgets. Therefore, by spontaneously wrapping a conjugated block copolymer around single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), a thin‐film transistor memory device comprising single‐layered poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐b‐polyisoprene (PF‐b‐PI)‐wrapped‐SWCNTs—which function as both a semiconductor and an electret layer—to simplify the device structure and fabrication is designed. Owing to the robust SWCNT charge carrier mobility (≈11.3 cm2 V−1 s−1), a high output current (10−4 to 10−3 A) can be achieved and because PF is a photoactive conjugated polymer, the photonic signal can also be modulated. The designed memory device independently exhibits both voltage‐ and light‐controllable switching, thereby mimicking biological synaptic behavior such as short‐ and long‐term plasticity, spike‐time, and spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity. This study may provide a suitable basis for developing more‐convenient, economical, highly versatile synaptic devices.
Taxonomic rarity and functional originality of freshwater fishes and their responses to anthropogenic habitat alterations
Authors: Tóth Rita , Czeglédi István , Takács Péter , Tedesco Pablo A. , Erős Tibor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The human alteration of habitats is a major driver in the decline of biodiversity worldwide. However, the relationships between different forms of rarity, including both taxonomic and functional aspects, are poorly known. Two relationships were examined in this study: (i) between the different forms of taxonomic rarity and functional originality of lotic fishes; and (ii) between rarity indices and the degree of human alterations.
Stream fish communities at 429 stream and river sites were sampled between 2013 and 2018. The taxonomic rarity of fishes was characterized based on their local rarity, habitat specificity and geographical restrictedness. The functional originality of each species was also quantified by using ecomorphological traits, and the relationships between the different indices and their responses to human habitat degradation were explored.
Only weak or medium level correlations were found among the indices of taxonomic rarity. A combined taxonomic rarity index showed that overall taxonomic rarity was determined most strongly by local rarity, followed by habitat specificity, and finally, geographical restrictedness. Functional originality was not related either to individual rarity indices or the combined taxonomic rarity index. Mean taxonomic rarity of species was correlated with the degree of habitat degradation of the sites. Contrary to taxonomic rarity, mean functional originality of species increased with the degree of human alteration.
This study shows that a more exact characterization of species rarity requires multiple metrics, including functional ones, because these indices respond differently to human alterations. Combined indices of rarity can help to prioritize species level conservation actions, although single rarity metrics are still needed to adapt these actions to species attributes (e.g. endemism or unique functions). Species level conservation would benefit from including the evaluation of functional rarity into conservation policy.
Case: Unexpected development of severe penicillin allergy and review of literature
Authors: Harvima Rauno J. , Harvima Ilkka T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 54‐year‐old man developed a severe anaphylactic penicillin allergy after 16 years and 5 standard erysipelas treatments by intravenous benzylpenicillin and/or oral phenoxymethylpenicillin without any symptoms of allergy. It is recommended to analyze specific IgE antibodies for phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, and cefaclor to select an appropriate antibiotic.
Common low back pain hiding tuberculous sacroiliitis
Authors: Miladi Saoussen , Ben Ayed Hiba , Fazaa Alia , Sellami Meriem , Ouenniche Kmar , Souabni Leila , Kassab Selma , Chekili Selma , Ben Abdelghani Kaouther , Laatar Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sacroiliac joint is rarely affected by tuberculosis. Only few cases have been reported. Consequently, the diagnosis is often delayed. This case report highlights the importance of continued awareness for early detection and treatment of a tuberculous sacroiliac joint infection.
Dispensing Single Drops as Electrochemical Reactors
Authors: Rastgar Shokoufeh , Pleis Sebastian , Zhang Yanzhen , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA strategy is proposed to generate single microdrops with femtoliter to microliter volumes as a liquid reactor and to guide them towards a reactive surface within a viscous carrier liquid. Reactions of the drop content with the surface are exemplified by exhaustive electrolysis of the reactor content, making use of an ion‐conducting pathway through the carrier liquid. The mechanisms by which the redox‐active species from the aqueous drop reach the electrode surface were established by a combination of time‐lapse microscopy of the drop shape, chronoamperometric recording of the single drop electrolysis, and modelling of the reaction‐transport problem, showing that partitioning over the liquid‐liquid interface must be a key step in this mechanism. The possibilities of reagent delivery and external triggering of a reaction are expanded by the possibility for controlled addition of further dissolved reactants to the liquid microreactor.
Covalent Fragment Screening Identifies Rgl2 RalGEF Cysteine for Targeted Covalent Inhibition of Ral GTPase Activation
Authors: Bum‐Erdene Khuchtumur , Ghozayel Mona K. , Xu David , Meroueh Samy O. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRal GTPases belong to the RAS superfamily, and they are directly activated by K‐RAS. The RalGEF pathway is one of the three major K‐RAS signaling pathways. Ral GTPases do not possess a cysteine nucleophile to develop a covalent inhibitor following the strategy that led to a K‐RAS G12C therapeutic agent. However, several cysteine amino acids exist on the surface of guanine exchange factors that activate Ral GTPases, such as Rgl2. Here, we screen a library of cysteine electrophile fragments to determine if covalent bond formation at one of the Rgl2 surface cysteines could inhibit Ral GTPase activation. We found several chloroacetamide and acrylamide fragments that inhibited Ral GTPase exchange by Rgl2. Site‐directed mutagenesis showed that covalent bond formation at Cys‐284, but not other cysteines, leads to inhibition of Ral activation by Rgl2. Follow‐up time‐ and concentration‐dependent studies of derivatives identified by substructure search of commercial libraries further confirmed Cys‐284 as the reaction site and identified the indoline fragments as the most promising series for further development. Cys‐284 is located outside of the Ral ⋅ Rgl2 interface on a loop that has several residues that come in direct contact with Ral GTPases. Our allosteric covalent fragment inhibitors provide a starting point for the development of small‐molecule covalent inhibitors to probe Ral GTPases in animal models.
Numerical Analysis of Dislocation Density of SiC Crystals Tilted from [0001] Toward [12¯10]$[ {1\bar 210} ]$ and [11¯00]$[ {1\bar 100} ]$ Grown by Physical Vapor Transport
Authors: Kakimoto Koichi , Nakano Satoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 3D and time‐dependent analysis of dislocation density using the Alexander–Haasen model to estimate the plastic deformation of tilted angle growth of 4H–SiC single crystals during crystal growth and cooling processes grown using the physical vapor transport method is performed. The growth direction is set to tilt from [0001] toward and to fabricate wafers to stabilize polytype during crystal growth of the epitaxial layer. The maximum dislocation density in SiC crystals increases as the tilted angle increases, whereas von Mises stress, which is one of the measures of dislocation density, decreases. The calculated results show dislocation density distribution in the crystal grown in [0001] exhibits six‐folded symmetry, whereas that in the crystal grown in the tilt direction from [0001] toward and exhibits asymmetric distribution.
High‐Performance Mg−Li Hybrid Batteries Based on Pseudocapacitive Anatase Ti1‐xCoxO2‐y Nanosheet Cathodes
Authors: Vincent Mewin , Avvaru Venkata Sai , Haranczyk Maciej , Etacheri Vinodkumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the proposed safety, performance, and cost advantages, practical implementation of Mg−Li hybrid batteries is limited due to the unavailability of reliable cathodes compatible with the dual‐ion system. Herein, a high‐performance Mg−Li dual ion battery based upon cobalt‐doped TiO2 cathode was developed. Extremely pseudocapacitance‐type Ti1‐xCoxO2‐y nanosheets consist of an optimum 3.57 % Co‐atoms. This defective cathode delivered exceptional pseudocapacitance (maximum of 93 %), specific capacities (386 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1), rate performance (191 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), cyclability (3000 cycles at 1 A g−1), and coulombic efficiency (≈100 %) and fast charging (≈11 min). This performance was superior to the TiO2‐based Mg−Li dual‐ion battery cathodes reported earlier. Mechanistic studies revealed dual‐ion intercalation pseudocapacitance with negligible structural changes. Excellent electrochemical performance of the cation‐doped TiO2 cathode was credited to the rapid pseudocapacitance‐type Mg/Li‐ion diffusion through the disorder generated by lattice distortions and oxygen vacancies. Ultrathin nature, large surface area, 2D morphology, and mesoporosity also contributed as secondary factors facilitating superior electrode‐electrolyte interfacial kinetics. The demonstrated method of pseudocapacitance‐type Mg−Li dual‐ion intercalation by introducing lattice distortions/oxygen vacancies through selective doping can be utilized for the development of several other potential electrodes for high‐performance Mg−Li dual‐ion batteries.
Multi‐omics analysis of intra‐tumoural and inter‐tumoural heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Wang Wenqian , Liu Xiaoding , Zhang Zhiwen , Yu Lianyuan , Li Ruiyu , Guo Dan , Cai Weijing , Quan Xueping , Wu Huanwen , Dai Menghua , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with the tumour heterogeneity. To explore intra‐ and inter‐tumoural heterogeneity in PDAC, we analysed the multi‐omics profiles of 61 PDAC lesion samples, along with the matched pancreatic normal tissue samples, from 19 PDAC patients. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining revealed that diversely differentiated lesions coexisted both within and across individual tumours. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of samples from multi‐region revealed diverse types of mutations in diverse genes between cancer cells within a tumour and between tumours from different individuals. The copy number variation (CNV) analysis also showed that PDAC exhibited intra‐ and inter‐tumoural heterogeneity in CNV and that high average CNV burden was associated poor prognosis of the patients. Phylogenetic tree analysis and clonality/timing analysis of mutations displayed diverse evolutionary pathways and spatiotemporal characteristics of genomic alterations between different lesions from the same or different tumours. Hierarchical clustering analysis illustrated higher inter‐tumoural heterogeneity than intra‐tumoural heterogeneity of PDAC at the transcriptional levels as lesions from the same patients are grouped into a single cluster. Immune marker genes are differentially expressed in different regions and tumour samples as shown by tumour microenvironment (TME) analysis. TME appeared to be more heterogeneous than tumour cells in the same patient. Lesion‐specific differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP‐seq). Furthermore, the integration analysis of multi‐omics data showed that the mRNA levels of some genes, such as PLCB4, were significantly correlated with the gene copy numbers. The mRNA expressions of potential PDAC biomarkers ZNF521 and KDM6A were correlated with copy number alteration and methylation, respectively. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive view of molecular heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectories of PDAC and may guide personalised treatment strategies in PDAC therapy.
Acute Toxicity of Fungicide–Insecticide–Adjuvant Combinations Applied to Almonds During Bloom on Adult Honey Bees
Authors: Walker Emily K. , Brock Guy N. , Arvidson Ryan S. , Johnson Reed M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Beekeepers report significant honey bee deaths during and after almond bloom. These losses pose a major problem for the California almond industry because of its dependence on honey bees as pollinators. The present study aimed to determine if combinations of pesticides applied during almond bloom during daylight hours were a possible explanation for these losses. In this study we aimed to mimic the spray application route of exposure to pesticides using a Potter Spray Tower to treat adult honey bees with commonly encountered pesticides and pesticide combinations at multiples of the maximum recommended field application rates. Tested insecticides included Altacor® and Intrepid®, and tested fungicides included Tilt®, Pristine®, Luna Sensation®, and Vangard®. Synergistic toxicity was observed when the fungicide Tilt (active ingredient propiconazole) was applied with the insecticide Altacor (chlorantraniliprole), though neither caused significant mortality when applied independently. The study also looked at the effect of adding a spray adjuvant, Dyne-Amic®, to pesticide mixtures. Dyne-Amic was toxic to honey bees at concentrations above the maximum recommended field application rate, and toxicity was increased when combined with the fungicide Pristine (pyraclostrobin and boscalid). Addition of Dyne-Amic also increased toxicity of the Tilt and Altacor combination. These results suggest that application of Altacor and Tilt in combination with an adjuvant at the recommended field application rates could cause mortality in adult honey bees. These findings highlight a potential explanation for honey bee losses around almond bloom, emphasize that the safety of spray adjuvants to bees should not be assumed, and provide support for recommendations to protect bees from pesticides through application at night when bees are not foraging. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1042–1053. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Pesticide and pesticide adjuvant treatments are applied on almonds as mixtures. Common treatments were converted from acre-sized field application rates to Petri dish–sized rates and applied as a spray on honey bees using a Potter Spray Tower. Results from acute toxicity assays were related back to field exposure in California almonds.
Biophysical regulations of transpiration and water use strategy in a mature Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forest in a semiarid urban environment
Authors: Chen Shengnan , Chen Zuosinan , Xu Hang , Kong Zhe , Xu Zhibin , Liu Qingquan , Liu Pingsheng , Zhang Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUrban trees and forests provide multiple ecosystem services for urban dwellers. However, forest water use for these benefits has become one of the critical concerns in dryland regions where water is limited. Negative forest water use impacts could be reduced by selecting tree species with low rates of transpiration. However, the possible changes of urban tree transpiration and its biophysical controls are still unclear. This study monitored the sap flow of a 58‐year‐old Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantation in a semiarid urban environment of northern China. Soil moisture played an important role in stand transpiration (Ec). Ec had a strong positive relationship with vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and solar radiation (Rs) when soil water was sufficient. In addition, the sensitivity of leaf stomata to VPD was not related to leaf and branch water potential. Under soil water stress, Ec was significantly reduced by 63.1% (p < 0.001) and was weakly related to VPD and Rs. Canopy conductance (gc) was reduced (p < 0.001) by 74.3% due to leaf stomatal closure, and the sensitivity of leaf stomata to VPD was significantly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing leaf and branch water potential. Wind speed had no significant effects on Ec. P. tabulaeformis tended to be isohydric with a relatively constant midday leaf water potential (i.e. −2.46 to −2.92 MPa) and strong stomatal regulation as a function of soil water stress. However, slopes (0.53–0.56) of the linear relationship between m (dgc/dlnVPD) and reference canopy conductance were significantly lower than the widely recognized 0.6 (p < 0.001). Therefore, urban tree transpiration drivers and forest impacts need to be clarified to better understand the proper tradeoff between water consumption and ecological services for urban areas.
Influence of Cation Size and Polarity on Charge Transport in Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes
Authors: Aydin Banu , Oner Saliha , Zafer Ceylan , Varlikli Canan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImidazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) with allyl and ether side chains were synthesized and characterized. Comprehensive structural and photoelectrochemical characterizations were performed, transport properties of ILs were also examined as electrolyte components in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The properties of synthesized materials and DSSC performances were compared with 1‐propyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide (PMII) and 1‐allyl‐3‐ethyl imidazolium iodide (AEII) as reference ILs. Ionic conductivities, diffusion coefficients and charge transfer resistances of synthesized ionic liquids were investigated on DSSCs by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The diffusion coefficient values of triiodide ions in different ionic liquid‐based electrolytes were measured by the means of diffusion limited current density method and found to be 1.75×10−7 cm2 s−1 and 2.05×10−7 cm2 s−1 with corresponding photocurrent densities of 10.38 mAcm−2 and 12.13 mAcm−2 for the reference AEII and PMII based electrolytes, respectively. However, for the electrolytes of 1‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐3‐allyl imidazolium iodide and 1‐allyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide ionic liquids, these values were found to be 0.86×10−7 cm2 s−1 and 0.57×10−7 cm2 s−1 with photocurrent densities of 9.53 mAcm−2 and 8.98 mAcm−2, respectively. Allyl and ether substituted imidazolium ILs exhibited promising results as potential alternative electrolyte materials for DSSCs.