bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weather, fire, and density drive population dynamics of small mammals in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Rossi Rodrigo C , Leiner Natália O 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the relative importance of exogenous and endogenous factors in natural population dynamics has been a central question in ecology. However, until recently few studies used long-term data to assess factors driving small mammal abundance in Neotropical savannas. We used a 9-year data set, based on monthly captures, to understand the population dynamics of two scansorial small mammals inhabiting the Brazilian Cerrado: the semelparous gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis), and the iteroparous long-tailed climbing mouse (Rhipidomys macrurus), the two most abundant species at Panga Ecological Station (Uberlândia/MG). We tested the impact of two fires that occurred in 2014 and 2017 on the abundance of both populations. Also, we used Royama’s framework to identify the role of the endogenous system (intraspecific competition) and exogenous factors (annual rainfall, days with minimum and maximum temperatures, annual minimum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], and Southern Oscillation Index) in population dynamics. Extensive and severe fires had a lasting, negative impact on the studied populations, probably by reducing the carrying capacity of the environment. Both populations were influenced by negative first-order feedback, indicating density-dependent effects. Moreover, the endogenous system and the annual minimum NDVI operated as vertical effects determining G. agilis dynamics, while the R. macrurus population was governed by the vertical effects of 1-year lagged rainfall. Our results support the contention that small mammal population fluctuations are driven by the interaction between endogenous (density-dependent) and exogenous factors, which in this study were mainly associated with habitat complexity. Despite ecological similarities shared by both species, their response and recovery time to disturbances and environmental variables varied, probably due to their contrasting life histories. Hence, we emphasize the need to consider species life histories to understand the responses of small mammals to extreme events and reinforce the importance of long-term studies that evaluate the combined effects of endogenous and exogenous variables on population dynamics.
Postfire salvage logging alters impacts of recent wildfire on small mammal communities in summer
Authors: Kelly Angelina J , Hodges Karen E 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWildfire is a natural ecosystem disturbance in forests in North America, yet fires are often at odds with human activity and affect the timber supply. Postfire salvage logging is common practice globally, but the impacts of salvage logging on wildlife, especially small mammal communities, remain unclear. We livetrapped small mammals to determine their population responses to wildfire and postfire salvage logging in central British Columbia, Canada. Postfire regenerating forest provided habitat for deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi), and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Postfire salvage logging significantly reduced tree basal area and changed small mammal community structure by reducing southern red-backed vole populations and supporting mainly deer mice, a generalist species. Given the large scale and intensity of postfire salvage logging operations across the province, salvage logging has the potential to decrease vole populations and change small mammal communities across the province.
NaturalAedes-Borne Virus Infection Detected in Male AdultAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) Collected From Urban Settings in Mérida, Yucatán, México
Authors: Kirstein Oscar D , Talavera Guadalupe Ayora , Wei Zhuoran , Ciau-Carrilo Karina J , Koyoc-Cardeña Edgar , Puerta-Guardo Henry , Rodríguez-Martín Ester , Medina-Barreiro Anuar , Mendoza Azael Che , Piantadosi Anne L , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAedes-borne viruses (ABVs) such as dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) contribute significantly to the global burden of infectious diseases, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations from tropical and subtropical urban areas. ABVs can be transmitted from female mosquitoes to their progeny by vertical transmission via transovarial and/or trans-egg vertical transmission and contribute to the maintenance of infected-mosquito populations year-round in endemic regions. This study describes the natural infection rate of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV in field-caught male Aedes (Sergentomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquitoes from Mérida, Yucatán, México, as a proxy for the occurrence of vertical virus transmission. We used indoor sequential sampling with Prokopack aspirators to collect all mosquitoes inside houses from ABV hotspots areas. Collections were performed in a DENV and CHIKV post-epidemic phase and during a period of active ZIKV transmission. We individually RT-qPCR tested all indoor collected Ae. aegypti males (1,278) followed by Sanger sequencing analysis for final confirmation. A total of 6.7% male mosquitoes were positive for ABV (CHIKV = 5.7%; DENV = 0.9%; ZIKV = 0.1%) and came from 21.0% (30/143) houses infested with males. Most ABV-positive male mosquitoes were positive for CHIKV (84.8%). The distribution of ABV-positive Ae. aegypti males was aggregated in a few households, with two houses having 11 ABV-positive males each. We found a positive association between ABV-positive males and females per house. These findings suggested the occurrence of vertical arbovirus transmission within the mosquito populations in an ABV-endemic area and, a mechanism contributing to viral maintenance and virus re-emergence among humans in post-epidemic periods.
Conscientious Objection in Health Care: Why the Professional Duty Argument is Unconvincing
Authors: Symons Xavier 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The past decade has seen a burgeoning of scholarly interest in conscientious objection in health care. Specifically, several commentators have discussed the implications that conscientious objection has for the delivery of timely, efficient, and nondiscriminatory medical care. In this paper, I discuss the main argument put forward by the most prominent critics of conscientious objection—what I call the Professional Duty Argument or PDA. According to proponents of PDA, doctors should place patients’ well-being and rights at the center of their professional practice. Doctors should be prepared to set their personal moral or religious beliefs aside where these beliefs conflict with what is legal and considered good medical practice by relevant professional associations. Conscientious objection, on this account, should be heavily restricted, if even allowed at all. I discuss two powerful objections against PDA. The first objection, which I call the fallibility objection, notes that law and professional codes of conduct are fallible guides for ethical conduct and that conscientious objection has in the past and continues today to provide a check on aberrations in law and professional convention. The second, which I call the professional discretion objection, states that restrictions on conscientious objection undermine one of the cornerstones of good medical practice, namely, a practitioner’s right to independent professional judgment. I argue that these two objections give us reason to retain conscience clauses in professional codes of conduct.
Associations of Body Fat Distribution and Cardiometabolic Risk of Testicular Cancer Survivors After Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Wibmer Andreas G , Dinh Paul C , Travis Lois B , Chen Carol , Bromberg Maria , Zheng Junting , Capanu Marinela , Sesso Howard D , Feldman Darren R , Vargas Hebert Alberto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
It is unknown how body fat distribution modulates the cardiometabolic risk of testicular cancer survivors after cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Methods
For 455 patients enrolled in the Platinum Study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue was quantified on prechemotherapy computed tomography. The VAT-to-SAT ratio was calculated as a quantitative measure of central adiposity. Endpoints were incidence of new posthemotherapy cardiometabolic disease (new antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, or diabetes medication), and postchemotherapy Framingham risk scores. Cox models and linear regression with interaction terms were applied. Postchemotherapy body fat distribution was analyzed in 108 patients. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
The baseline median age was 31 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 26-39 years), body mass index (BMI) was 26 kg/m2 (IQR = 24-29 kg/m2), and the VAT-to-SAT ratio was 0.49 (IQR = 0.31-0.75). The median follow-up was 26 months (IQR = 16-59 months). Higher prechemotherapy VAT-to-SAT ratios inferred a higher likelihood of new cardiometabolic disease among patients with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater (age-adjusted hazard ratio = 3.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.02 to 9.71, P = .047), but not other BMI groups. The prechemotherapy VAT-to-SAT ratio was associated with postchemotherapy Framingham risk scores in univariate regression analysis (exp(β)-estimate: 2.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.84 to 2.39, P &lt; .001); in a multivariable model, this association was stronger in younger vs older individuals. BMI increased in most patients after chemotherapy and correlated with increases in the VAT-to-SAT ratio (Spearman r = 0.39, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
In testicular cancer survivors, central adiposity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk after cisplatin-based chemotherapy, particularly in obese or young men. Weight gain after chemotherapy occurs preferentially in the visceral compartment, providing insight into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in this population.
Seldinger chest drain guidewire retained in the pleural cavity—a never event complication
Authors: Mahboob Muntashir , Garg Ansh , Na Jesus De La Vi , Martin-Ucar Antonio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Intrapleural foreign body is an unusual complication. It most commonly occurs after the trauma but has been rarely seen after diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. We hereby, present an unusual occurrence of a retained guidewire after a chest drain insertion using a Seldinger technique in a patient with coronavirus disease of 2019 pneumonitis. Surgical removal of the guidewire has prevented this foreign body to cause further harm. We further discuss how to identify and prevent such a complication.
Multiple photoionization for the 2p subshell in the iron atom
Authors: Kučas Sigitas , Kynienė Aušra , Masys Šarūnas , Jonauskas Valdas 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Multiple photoionization is investigated for the 2p subshell in the iron atom. Study of the single photoionization with subsequent radiative and Auger cascade includes levels corresponding to the ground configuration. This work reveals that the quadruple photoionization dominates over other multiple-photoionization processes. Analysis of the partial photoionization cross sections to configurations of the produced ions shows that the excited long-lived configurations accumulate the main population of the Fe4+ ion. The main decay branches of the radiative and Auger cascade produced after a creation of the 2p subshell vacancy in the iron atom are identified. The ion yields for the photoionization and cascade obtained by considering level-to-level transitions are compared to the previous configuration average calculations.
The environment and constraints on the mass of FRB 190520B
Authors: Katz J I 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent observations of FRB 20190520B have revealed rapid (tens of s) fluctuation of its Dispersion Measure within apparently fixed bounds, as well as a reversal of its Rotation Measure. The fluctuations of Dispersion Measure are uncorrelated with the intervals between bursts, setting upper bounds $\sim 10\,$ s on any characteristic time-scale of the dispersing region; it must be very compact. Measurements of the full dependence of the dispersive time delay on frequency may determine the actual electron density and the size of this region. It is possible to set a lower bound on the mass of the FRB source from constraints on the size of the dispersing region and its time-scale of variation. Comparison of the variations of DM and RM leads to an estimate of the magnetic field $\sim 500~ \mu$G.
Surgical intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis is declining except for foot and ankle surgery: A single-centre, 20-year observational cohort study
Authors: Tominaga Ayako , Ikari Katsunori , Yano Koichiro , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Harigai Masayoshi , Okazaki Ken 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives
A global downward trend in the number of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related surgeries has been reported. The purpose of our study was to investigate the latest trends in RA-related surgeries in a single-centre Japanese RA cohort.

Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of RA-related surgeries between 2001 and 2020 in the Institute of Rheumatology Rheumatoid Arthritis cohort. An average of 4944 patients per semi-annual survey was included in the study. The primary goal was to analyse the half-year period prevalence proportion (HPP) of RA-related surgeries in a 20-year period, and the secondary goal was to analyse the HPP of surgeries by site or by categories of disease activity.

Results
There has been a downward trend in the HPP of RA-related surgeries in the 20-year study period. The total HPP of RA-related surgeries decreased by 50.3% during the 20-year study period. There was a significant decrease in knee, hip, shoulder/elbow, and hand procedures. Only foot/ankle joint surgeries significantly increased in volume during this period (p = .001). The HPP of RA-related surgeries remained unchanged in patients with remission or low disease activity.

Conclusions
The number of RA-related surgeries decreased over a 20-year period, but foot/ankle joint surgeries increased in the site-specific evaluation.
Expert perspectives on pathological findings in vasculitis
Authors: Ishizu Akihiro , Kawakami Tamihiro , Kanno Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kei , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Ikeda Eiji , Oharaseki Toshiaki , Ogawa Yayoi , Onimaru Mitsuho , Kurata Mie , Nakazawa Daigo , Muso Eri , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Pathological findings are important in the diagnosis of vasculitis. However, due to the rarity of the disease, standard textbooks usually devote only a few pages to this topic, and this makes it difficult for clinicians not specializing in vasculitis to fully understand the pathological findings in vasculitis. To address the paucity of information, we present representative pathological findings in vasculitis classified in the 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides (CHCC2012). The CHCC2012 classifies 26 vasculitides into seven categories: (1) large-vessel vasculitis, (2) medium-vessel vasculitis, (3) small-vessel vasculitis, including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and immune complex small-vessel vasculitis, (4) variable-vessel vasculitis, (5) single-organ vasculitis, (6) vasculitis associated with systemic disease, and (7) vasculitis associated with probable aetiology. Moreover, representative pathological findings of vasculitis-related diseases and non-inflammatory vasculopathy not mentioned in the CHCC2012 are also presented. This will be useful for clinicians to refer to typical pathological findings of vasculitis in daily practice.
Familial Mediterranean fever with pseudo-septic arthritis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alamlih Laith , AL-Karaja Layth , Alayaseh Mohammad , Abunejma Fawzy , Al-Zeer Ziyad , Sultan Bashar 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary auto-inflammatory disease resulting from mutations of the MEFV gene. The disease is characterised by recurrent attacks of abdominal pain and fever. Most FMF patients develop arthritis at some point in their life usually manifesting as self-limiting monoarthritis. On very rare occasions, arthritis in FMF can mimic septic arthritis (pseudo-septic arthritis) with very similar clinical and laboratory findings. We report a case of a young male patient who presented with recurrent attacks of prolonged monoarthritis. For 2 years, he had undergone multiple admissions and operations for drainage of suspected septic joints. The synovial aspiration showed culture-negative pus with very high synovial white blood cell counts highly suggestive of septic arthritis. The patient was later found to have FMF based on homozygous M694V mutation of the MEFV gene. He was treated with colchicine monotherapy with a quick improvement of arthritis and later good control of his disease. The literature review showed very few case reports with similar presentations, most of which responded well to colchicine. FMF can mimic septic arthritis resulting in unnecessary expensive and invasive interventions and prolonged courses of antibiotics. Pseudo-septic arthritis is usually associated with M694V homozygous mutation and can complicate FMF at any time throughout the disease course. It is important to consider FMF in the differential diagnosis of septic arthritis, particularly with a family history of FMF and in patients from communities with a high prevalence of MEFV gene mutation.
Predictors of E-cigarette and Cigarette Use Trajectory Classes from Early Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Across Four Years (2013–2017) of the PATH Study
Authors: Stanton Cassandra A , Tang Zhiqun , Sharma Eva , Seaman Elizabeth , Gardner Lisa D , Silveira Marushka L , Hatsukami Dorothy , Day Hannah R , Cummings K Michael , Goniewicz Maciej L , Limpert Jean , Everard Colm , Bansal-Travers Maansi , Ambrose Bridget , Kimmel Heather L , Borek Nicolette , Compton Wilson M , Hyland Andrew J , Pearson Jennifer L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
This study examines predictors of trajectories of cigarette and e-cigarette use among a cohort of US adolescents transitioning into young adulthood. Comparing trajectories of each tobacco product is important to determine if different intervention targets are needed to prevent progression to daily use.

Methods
Latent trajectory class analyses identified cigarette and e-cigarette use (never, ever excluding past 12-month, past 12-month (excluding past 30-day (P30D)), P30D 1–5 days, P30D 6+ days) trajectory classes, separately, among US youth (12–17; N = 10,086) using the first 4 waves (2013–2017) of data from the nationally representative PATH Study. Weighted descriptive analyses described the class characteristics. Weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses examined demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral predictors of class membership.

Results
Younger adolescents 12–15 years had lower tobacco use compared to 16–17 year olds and less stable classes. In the 16–17 year group, there were five unique trajectories of cigarette smoking, including a Persistent High Frequency class. Four e-cigarette use trajectories were identified; but not a persistent use class. Shared predictors of class membership for cigarettes and e-cigarettes included mental health problems, other tobacco use, marijuana use, and poorer academic achievement. Male sex and household tobacco use were unique e-cigarette trajectory class predictors.

Conclusions
There was no evidence that initiation with e-cigarettes as the first product tried was associated with cigarette progression (nor cigarettes as first product and e-cigarette progression). Interventions should focus on well-established risk factors such as mental health and other substance use to prevent progression of use for both tobacco products.

Implications
Using nationally representative data and definitions of use that take into account frequency and recency of use, longitudinal 4-year trajectories of e-cigarette and cigarette use among US adolescents transitioning into young adulthood were identified. Results among 16–17-year olds revealed a class of persistent high frequency cigarette smoking that was not identified for e-cigarette use. Cigarette use progression was not associated with e-cigarettes as the first product tried. Risk factors for progression of use of both products included mental health and other substance use, which are important prevention targets for both tobacco products.
Is Perfect Being Theology Informative?
Authors: Leftow Brian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Jeff Speaks has recently argued that perfect being theology treating God as the greatest possible being—he calls it alethic perfect being theology—cannot deliver new information about God. This argument is central to his critique of all forms of perfect being theology. For as Speaks sees it, other forms of perfect being theology may collapse into alethic perfect being theology, i.e. fail in the end to be a different sort of project. I lay out how he understands alethic perfect being theology and then contest his argument.
Crises as the Crucible for Change in Physical Therapist Education
Authors: Nordstrom Terry , Jensen Gail M , Altenburger Peter , Blackinton Mary , Deusinger Susan , Hack Laurita , Patel Rupal M , Tschoepe Barbara , VanHoose Lisa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This Perspective issues a challenge to physical therapists to reorient physical therapist education in ways that directly address the crises of COVID-19 and systemic racism. We advocate that professional education obligates us to embrace the role of trusteeship that demands working to meet society’s needs by producing graduates who accept their social and moral responsibilities as agents and advocates who act to improve health and health care. To achieve this, we must adopt a curriculum philosophy of social reconstruction and think more deeply about the why and how of learning. Currently, health professions education places strong emphasis on habits of head (cognitive knowledge) and hand (clinical skills) and less focus on habits of heart (professional formation). We believe that habits of heart are the essential foundations of the humanistic practice needed to address health inequities, find the moral courage to change the status quo, and address imbalances of power, privilege, and access. A social reconstruction orientation in physical therapist education not only places habits of heart at the center of curricula, but it also requires intentional planning to create pathways into the profession for individuals from underrepresented groups. Adopting social reconstructionism begins with a faculty paradigm shift emphasizing the learning sciences, facilitating learning, metacognition, and development of a lifelong master adaptive learner. Achieving this vision depends not only on our ability to meet the physical therapy needs of persons with COVID-19 and its sequalae but also on our collective courage to address injustice and systemic racism. It is imperative that the physical therapy community find the moral courage to act quickly and boldly to transform DPT education in ways that enable graduates to address the social determinants of health and their systemic and structural causes that result in health disparities. To succeed in this transformation, we are inspired and strengthened by the example set by Geneva R. Johnson, who has never wavered in recognizing the power of physical therapy to meet the needs of society.