bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Drip Fertigation, Irrigation Regimes and Short Duration Pulses on Productivity of Cotton-Maize Cropping Sequence
Authors: Sathyamoorthy N. K. , Ragavan R. , Prabhakaran J. , Prakash P. , Ramanathan S. P. , Dheebakaran Ga. , Guhan V. , Raja R. Senthil , Kokilavani S. , Bhuvaneswari K. 
Published: July 2022

Fertigation, a latest technology wherein nutrients are applied along with irrigation water. Fertigation opens new possibilities for controlling water and nutrient supplies to crops besides maintaining the desired concentration and distribution of water and nutrients to the soil. Research works on drip fertigation under intercropping situation is very limited. Input information on optimal schedules for micro-irrigation and fertigation to cotton and maize with intercropping of pulses will have to be generated, thus enabling the option of micro irrigation under intercropping situation. The experiment was laid out in split split plot design with three replications. The main plot consists of two irrigation levels viz., 75 and 100 % PE reading, sub plot contains three drip fertigation levels viz., 75, 100 and 125 % and sub sub plot consist intercropping with short duration pulses viz., sole crop of maize/cotton, intercrop with cow pea, blackgram and cluster bean. The result revealed that no significant differences were noticed in number of bolls, boll weight under different irrigation regimes. Among the fertigation level, 125% RDF recorded higher number of bolls plant-1 and boll weight. The cotton equivalent yield of 3860 kg ha-1 with water saving of 24 per cent was accrued under cotton intercropped with blackgram and irrigation regime of 100% PE with application of 125% RDF (150:75:75 kgs NPK/ha) and it was followed by irrigation regime at 75% PE it increased 18.9% cotton yield compared to control (2099 kg ha-1) with water saving of 40.6%. Regarding maize based intercropping system, maize + black gram intercropping with irrigation regime of 100% PE and 100% RDF (250: 75: 75 kg NPK/ha) gave higher maize equivalent yield of 7735 kg/ha. In cotton – maize sequence, intercropping of black gram found to be best suitable system with the irrigation level of 100% PE and 125% RDF (150:75:75 kg NPK/ha) for cotton and 100% RDF (250: 75: 75 kg NPK/ha) for maize is recommended to get higher yield.
Impact of Growth Retardant and Defoliant on Morpho-physiological Traits and Yield Improvement in Cotton
Authors: Dharani K. , Ravichandran V. , Anandakumar S. , Sritharan N. , Sakthivel N. 
Published: July 2022

In cotton, mechanized harvesting has gained popularity in recent years due to labor-intensive process and shortage of labor. Moreover, mechanized harvesting of cotton depends on plant morphological characters like plant height, internodal length and synchronized boll maturity and opening etc. Mechanized harvesting enhancing the harvesting efficiency of cotton which is achieved by the use of some chemicals to attain good lint yield and fibre quality. With this background, the field experiment was conducted to study the impact of growth retardant and defoliant on morpho-physiological traits and yield improvement in cotton (CO 17) during 2021-2022 by following randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. The current study revealed that spraying of 0.015% mepiquat chloride (MC) at square formation and boll development stage significantly reduced the leaf area, plant height, total dry weight and boll number when compared to control. However, chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were recorded higher in 0.015% mepiquat chloride (MC) applied treatments than control. Moreover, spraying of mepiquat chloride (0.015%) at square formation and boll development stage followed by spraying of 0.9% sodium chlorate (SC) at 60% boll bursting stage significantly increased the seed cotton yield compared to other treatments and recorded maximum seed cotton yield of 25.22% compared to control. Results clearly indicate that application of MC followed by SC could be a better practice for canopy management in cotton, resulting in improved efficiency of mechanical harvesting and good lint yield and fibre quality.
Benchtop Septic System for Effluent Treatment - A Laboratory Development
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Lex Simon 
Published: July 2022

One in every five households in the United States of America operates a decentralized water treatment systems which is also know as septic system, which may contribute to pollutions in water bodies if not operated properly. For this research a 15.0-liter (3.97 gal.) laboratory benchtop septic system was designed, build, installed and operated at a temperature of 23.0°C (73.4°F) to investigate the remediation of municipal wastewater. A three-week start-up phase was used prior to operating the system with unfiltered wastewater collected from primary clarifier at a wastewater treatment. The operational test phase included an hydraulic retention rate of 5, 10 and 20 days which corresponds to 3000 ml/d, 1500 ml/d, and 750 ml/d respectively.
Based on the above results, the laboratory benchtop septic system minimum effluent values for the chemical oxygen demand are 18±1 mg/l, and 60±10 mg/l for the total solids content, and <5±1 mg/l for the total suspended solids. These values correspond to the published effluent concentration range of 30% to 80% of influent concentrations for septic tanks.
The results show, that the laboratory benchtop septic systems is able to reduce the chemical oxygen demand, total solids content, and total suspended solids content level of municipal wastewater and can be a valuable tool to access the performance of septic systems utilizing different wastewater influent types.
Inhibitory Effect on Hexokinase II by Benzimidazoles and the Insight into Interactions
Authors: Navarro Hillary J. , Saul Jhawn G. , Huckleby Andrew E. , Kim Sung-Kun 
Published: July 2022

Background: Benzimidazoles are aromatic, heterocyclic organic molecules which exhibit pharmacological potential as anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, anti-hypertensive, anticancer agent, and anthelmintic treatments. The benzimidazoles could inhibit human hexokinase II, which is a critical factor in the glycolysis pathway in humans.
Methods: Autodock analyses were performed for the initial docking between human hexokinase II and benzimidazoles. To determine the IC50 values by benzimidazole compounds, hexokinase enzyme assay was executed using continuous colorimetric detection. In addition, the insight into binding interactions was revealed primarily by Gromacs molecular dynamics simulations.
Results: We tested the most common benzimidazoles such as Fenbendazole, Albendazole, and Mebendazole on the target enzyme hexokinase II. The Autodock vina showed that the binding affinity values were between -7.9 and -6.1 kcal/mol for all three benzimidazoles. The IC50 values were 0.29, 2.5, and 10 μM for Fenbendazole, Albendazole, and Mebendazole, respectively.
Conclusions: Taken altogether, Fenbendazole appears to show most effective inhibition on hexokinase II. This research may give better insight in development of target-specific benzimidazole derivatives as potential anticancer therapeutics.
Osteoimmunity‐Regulating Biomimetically Hierarchical Scaffold for Augmented Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Jin , Tong Dongmei , Song Honghai , Ruan Renjie , Sun Yifu , Lin Yandai , Wang Jun , Hou Linxi , Dai Jiayong , Ding Jianxun , Yang Huanghao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEngineering a proper immune response following biomaterial implantation is essential to bone tissue regeneration. Herein, a biomimetically hierarchical scaffold composed of deferoxamine@poly(ε‐caprolactone) nanoparticles (DFO@PCL NPs), manganese carbonyl (MnCO) nanosheets, gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel, and a polylactide/hydroxyapatite (HA) matrix is fabricated to augment bone repair by facilitating the balance of the immune system and bone metabolism. First, a 3D printed stiff scaffold with a well‐organized gradient structure mimics the cortical and cancellous bone tissues; meanwhile, an inside infusion of a soft hydrogel further endows the scaffold with characteristics of the extracellular matrix. A Fenton‐like reaction between MnCO and endogenous hydrogen peroxide generated at the implant‐tissue site triggers continuous release of carbon monoxide and Mn2+, thus significantly lessening inflammatory response by upregulating the M2 phenotype of macrophages, which also secretes vascular endothelial growth factor to induce vascular formation. Through activating the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α pathway, Mn2+ and DFO@PCL NP further promote angiogenesis. Moreover, DFO inhibits osteoclast differentiation and synergistically collaborates with the osteoinductive activity of HA. Based on amounts of data in vitro and in vivo, strong immunomodulatory, intensive angiogenic, weak osteoclastogenic, and superior osteogenic abilities of such an osteoimmunity‐regulating scaffold present a profound effect on improving bone regeneration, which puts forward a worthy base and positive enlightenment for large‐scale bone defect repair.
Anhydrous Fast Proton Transport Boosted by the Hydrogen Bond Network in a Dense Oxide‐Ion Array of α‐MoO3
Authors: Ma Zihan , Shi Xiang‐Mei , Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Ko Seongjae , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeveloping high‐power battery chemistry is an urgent task to buffer fluctuating renewable energies and achieve a sustainable and flexible power supply. Owing to the small size of the proton and its ultrahigh mobility in water via the Grotthuss mechanism, aqueous proton batteries are an attractive candidate for high‐power energy storage devices. Grotthuss proton transfer is ultrafast owing to the hydrogen‐bonded networks of water molecules. In this work, similar continuous hydrogen bond networks in a dense oxide‐ion array of solid α‐MoO3 are discovered, which facilitate the anhydrous proton transport even without structural water. The fast proton transfer and accumulation that occurs during (de)intercalation in α‐MoO3 is unveiled using both experiments and first‐principles calculations. Coupled with a zinc anode and a superconcentrated Zn2+/H+ electrolyte, the proton‐transport mechanism in anhydrous hydrogen‐bonded networks realizes an aqueous MoO3–Zn battery with large capacity, long life, and fast charge–discharge abilities.
How economic conditions changed the number of U.S. Farms, 1960–1988: A replication and extension of Gale (1990) to midsize farms in the United States and abroad
Authors: Sant'Anna Ana Claudia , Katchova Ani L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe replicate and extend the analysis of Gale (1990) to provide insight into the role of economic conditions on farm distributions in the United States and abroad. Our underlying hypothesis is that the effects of the economic factors on the change in farm numbers remain the same (direction wise) for different times, farm sizes, and countries/regions. We investigate the role of economic conditions on the disappearing middle farms. We extend the analysis to include the time period 1960–2020 and more economic factors, estimate the models by farm size categories, using seemingly unrelated regression, and apply it to international settings (Brazil and the Eurozone). We find no evidence to support the disappearing middle farm hypothesis, despite a declining trend in the number of US midsize farms. The role of economic factors changes according to farm size and country. Economic factors (e.g., population, financial stress, and infrastructure) are important to explain the increase in small and midsize farm numbers in Brazil, and the decreasing small farm numbers in the Eurozone, showing opposite trends in farm numbers globally.
Advances in the pathogenesis of Rett syndrome using cell models
Authors: Lu Sijia , Chen Yongchang , Wang Zhengbo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs mainly in girls with a range of typical symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. MeCP2 protein loss‐of‐function in neural lineage cells is the main cause of RTT pathogenicity. As it is still hard to understand the mechanism of RTT on the basis of only clinical patients or animal models, cell models cultured in vitro play indispensable roles. Here we reviewed the research progress in the pathogenesis of RTT at the cellular level, summarized the preclinical‐research‐related applications, and prospected potential future development.
HPV status and HPV16 viral load in anal cancer and its association with clinical outcome
Authors: Guerendiain Daniel , Grigorescu Raluca , Kirk Anna , Stevenson Andrew , Holden Matthew T. G. , Pan Jiafeng , Kavanagh Kim , Graham Sheila V. , Cuschieri Kate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of anal cancer is increasing globally. Evidence‐based improvement in early detection and management of this morbid cancer is thus required. In other cancers associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV), viral status and dynamics, including viral load (VL) has been shown to influence clinical outcome. Our aim was to determine the influence of HPV status and HPV16 VL on the clinical outcomes of anal cancer patients.MethodsA total of 185 anal cancer lesions were genotyped for HPV. Of the HPV16 positive component, VL was determined using a digital droplet PCR assay. The association of qualitative HPV status and VL (low (<12.3), medium (12.3–57) and high (>57 copies/cell)) on overall survival and hazard of death was assessed.ResultsOf the 185 cases, 164 (88.6%) samples were HPV positive. HPV16 was detected in 154/185 samples (83.2%). HPV positive status was associated with improved overall survival in the univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) of 0.44, 0.23–0.82, p = 0.01]. When adjusted by age, sex, stage and response to treatment, the association of positive HPV status with improved survival remained (HR 0.24 [0.11–0.55] p < 0.001). High VL was associated with improved overall survival in the univariate analysis with a HR of 0.28 (0.11–0.71, p = 0.007). When adjusted only by age and sex, high VL was associated with better overall survival (HR 0.27, 0.11–0.68 p = 0.006).ConclusionsHPV status appears to be independently associated with improved outcomes in anal cancer patients. Moreover, HPV viral load quantification may be informative for further risk stratification and warrants further investigation.
Uncooked rice consumption: Causes, implications, regulation, and interventions
Authors: Bruce Rebecca M. , Crandall Philip G. , Atungulu Griffiths G. , O'Bryan Corliss A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesUncooked rice is not classified as produce under the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) of the United States Food and Drug Administration produce safety rule because it is considered a food grain that is typically processed before consumption. However, uncooked rice is eaten by members of the raw food movement, pregnant pica patients, refugees in war zones, and young women as a perceived beauty treatment.FindingsThe consumption of raw rice may pose serious health risks such as foodborne illness, gastrointestinal issues, exposure to lectin and heavy metals, dental problems, and poor nutrition in consumers, especially those with low immunity including children and pregnant women. This review identifies the various circumstances under which raw rice is eaten or may be eaten, the possible health risks associated with raw rice consumption, and interventions that can be made to prevent the consumption of raw rice.ConclusionsMany interventions are available to curb the raw rice consumption problem, including providing alternative sources of energy for cooking, medical interventions like iron therapy and psychological counseling for pica patients, and public education on the risks associated with the consumption of raw foods, and clearly differentiating foods that can be eaten raw from those that should not be eaten raw.Significance and NoveltyThis review raises awareness and provides vital multifaceted interventions that may influence policy changes that lead to a reduction in risk.
Gluten‐free traditional Turkish noodle with Macrolepiota procera mushroom: Functional, textural, thermal and sensory characteristics
Authors: Süfer Özge 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe powder of dried Macrolepiota procera was used in gluten‐free (GF) Turkish noodle production by substituting rice flour (RF), in the ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% for the fortification of traditional egg pasta (erişte).FindingsCooking was responsible for decreasing brightness, redness‐blueness, and hardness in all samples when compared to unboiled ones. Declines in the amount of RF in formulation enhanced ash (from 0.749% to 1.247%), protein (from 12.688% to 18.063%), mineral, total phenolics (from 322.368 to 692.982 mg gallic acid equivalent) and antioxidant activity by DPPH (from 2.390 to 20.049 μmol Trolox equivalent [TE]) and FRAP (from 0.713 to 16.350 μmol TE); however, moisture (from 10.831% to 10.208%), crude fat (from 4.515% to 3.231%) and total carbohydrate amounts (from 71.217% to 67.251%) lowered. The starch gelatinization enthalpies of GF erişte specimens including 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% M. procera powder were 297.840, 293.670, 254.520, and 230.560 J/g, respectively.ConclusionsEnriched noodles gave very similar overall acceptability scores compared to control.Significance and NoveltyThis research offers an innovative and alternative food product for celiac patients and gluten intolerant individuals as well as people who have begun to consume foods involving no gluten.
Modulation of calcineurin signaling during development
Authors: Tucker Edmister Sara , Creton Robbert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCalcineurin signaling pathways are suppressed in Down syndrome (trisomy 21), by overexpression of genes that are located on chromosome 21. Two key genes are the regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), also called the Down syndrome critical region 1 (DSCR1), and the dual‐specificity tyrosine‐phosphorylation‐regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). The suppressed calcineurin pathway may potentially be restored using small‐molecule DYRK inhibitors, which have been proposed as therapeutics in Down syndrome. However, little is known about the benefits and risks of such treatments during various stages of embryonic development, fetal development, and childhood. We examined the modulation of calcineurin signaling during development, using zebrafish as a model system. To mimic suppressed calcineurin signaling in Down syndrome, zebrafish were exposed to the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine and tacrolimus during development. We found that suppression of calcineurin signaling changed specific larval behaviors, including activity and responses to acoustic and visual stimuli, depending on the period of exposure. Cotreatment with the DYRK inhibitor proINDY restored a few of these behaviors but also induced a range of adverse side effects including decreased activity and reduced optomotor responses to visual stimuli. Based on these results, we conclude that proINDY has limited benefits and substantial risks when used during development. We propose that zebrafish is an efficient model system for preliminary safety and efficacy tests of other DYRK inhibitors that aim to restore calcineurin signaling during neural development.
Shifting thermal regimes influence competitive feeding and aggression dynamics of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus)
Authors: Colby Bryan R. , Niles Jon M. , Persons Matthew H. , Wilson Matthew J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe natural distributions of freshwater fish species are limited by their thermal tolerances via physiological constraints and increased interspecific competition as temperatures shift toward the thermal optima of other syntopic species. Species may mediate stress from temperature change physiologically, behaviorally, or both; but these changes may compromise competitive advantages through effects on feeding and social behavior. In the Appalachian Mountains of North America, creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) are found in warm‐water and cold‐water streams and overlap in range with brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) across lower thermal maxima, where they compete for food and space. As stream temperatures continue to increase due to climate change, brook trout are under increasing thermal stress which may negatively affect their ability to compete with creek chub. To examine the influences of temperature on competitive interactions between these species, we observed feeding behavior, aggression, and habitat use differences at three temperatures approaching brook trout thermal maxima (18°C, 20°C, and 22°C) among dyad pairs for all combinations of species in experimental flow‐through tanks. We also examined feeding and habitat use of both species under solitary conditions. We found as temperature increased, feeding and aggression of brook trout were significantly reduced in the presence of creek chub. Creek chub pairs were more likely to occupy benthic areas and refugia while brook trout pairs used surface water more. Space use patterns significantly changed by pairing treatment. Aggression and space use shifts allowed increased exploitative and interference competition from creek chub when paired with brook trout that was not present in conspecific pairs. The decreased dominance of a top predator may lead to diverse impacts on stream community dynamics with implications for the future range restriction of brook trout and demonstrate possible mechanisms to facilitate competitive advantages of warm water generalist species under thermal stress.
Integrative analysis of stressor gradients reveals multiple discrete trait‐defined axes underlie community assembly
Authors: Barrett Isabelle C. , McIntosh Angus R. , Febria Catherine M. , Graham S. Elizabeth , Burdon Francis J. , Pomeranz Justin P. F. , Warburton Helen J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe generalizable functional attributes of organisms (traits) relate strongly to their environment across multiple levels of biological organization, making trait‐based approaches a powerful mechanistic framework to understand species distributions and community composition in relation to environmental change. To investigate how a wide range of stressor types shape stream macroinvertebrate communities, we conducted an integrative analysis using community and taxon trait information across drying, flooding, eutrophication, fine sediment, and acid mine drainage (AMD) gradients. Each gradient spanned relatively unimpacted to severely impacted sites. To characterize community change in response to stressors, we incorporated abundance‐based trait information from all stressor gradients in a single trait‐based ordination (nonmetric multidimensional scaling), defining the trait space within which each stressor gradient acted. We hypothesized that different stressors would apply different environmental filters, moving communities along distinct axes in trait space and resulting in communities with definable trait combinations. Particularly strong relationships were associated with anthropogenically derived stressors (fine sediment, eutrophication, and AMD) compared to natural stressors (drying and flooding). Anthropogenic stressors instigated significant movement of communities along multiple axes in trait space, likely driven by limited adaptation to these novel stressors. We demonstrate that trait‐based analysis of communities across multiple stressor gradients can support a more comprehensive understanding of how community composition changes than taxonomic methods or investigation of a single stressor type, and could underpin community‐focused management actions.