bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction mechanism between ZnO nanoparticles‐whey protein and its effect on toxicity in GES‐1 cells
Authors: Yuan Erdong , Zhou Miao , Nie Shiying , Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe interaction between zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and whey protein (WP) was studied. The gastric epithelial cell line (GES‐1) was used to evaluate the toxicity intensity of ZnO NPs. The interaction mechanism of ZnO NPs and WP was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of ZnO NPs on cells activity could be reduced when added to ZnO NPs at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of ZnO NPs on WP is a combination of dynamic and static quenching. The interaction force between ZnO NPs and WP can be considered as H‐bond and VdW force, and they have two binding sites. The interaction between WP and ZnO NPs leads to the loosening of the structural skeleton of WP and the extension of peptide chain, which exposes the tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) hydrophobic groups in the hydrophobic region of protein molecules and reduces the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment. The ZnO NPs might form a complex with WP through H‐bond, hydrophobic interactions, and so on, leading to peptide chain rearrangement, and finally causing changes in the secondary structure of α‐helix.Practical ApplicationThis study provides a theoretical basis for future research on the interaction between food ingredients and nanomaterials, the evaluation of toxicity of nanomaterials and the application scope of nanomaterials in food field.
Inhalation of low‐dose basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil improved cardiovascular health and plasma lipid markers in high fat diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Hong Seong Jun , Kim Da‐Som , Lee Jookyeong , Boo Chang Guk , Youn Moon Yeon , Le Brandy , Kim Jae Kyeom , Shin Eui‐Cheol 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the antiobesogenic effects of the inhalation of volatile compounds derived from basil essential oil (BEO) in high fat diet‐induced obese rats. A total of 47 volatile compounds were identified in BEO using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Major volatile compounds identified by olfactory testing include linalool oxide, linalool, 1‐menthene, and carvone. White adipose tissue significantly decreased in the rats that inhaled 0.3% BEO (more than +10%) compared to the control. Plasma marker analysis showed increased high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (ca. double fold) and decreased low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (more than −30%) levels in inhaled 1% BEO group compared to the control. Leptin significantly decreased in the 0.3 and 1% BEO groups (more than −70 and −85%, respectively). Last, systolic blood pressure at week 12 was significantly lower in inhaled 1% BEO group (more than −15%) compared to the control. The results of this study suggest that BEO inhalation may be effective in managing plasma lipid markers (cholesterols and leptin) and possibly metabolic disorders such as obesity.Practical Application: Changes in metabolic health markers, which are effected by inhalation of volatiles in basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil, will provide physiological variations in vivo to the public. In this study, the opposite effects were identified between 0.3% and 1% inhalation, respectively. Therefore, our findings will provide optimized and useful guidance for inhalation of basil essential oil.
The Brassica napus seed microbiota is cultivar‐specific and transmitted via paternal breeding lines
Authors: Wassermann Birgit , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Kusstatscher Peter , Müller Henry , Cernava Tomislav , Goertz Simon , Rietz Steffen , Abbadi Amine , Berg Gabriele 
Published: May 2022

SummarySeed microbiota influence germination and plant health and have the potential to improve crop performance, but the factors that determine their structure and functions are still not fully understood. Here, we analysed the impact of plant‐related and external factors on seed endophyte communities of 10 different oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars from 26 field sites across Europe. All seed lots harboured a high abundance and diversity of endophytes, which were dominated by six genera: Ralstonia, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas. The cultivar was the main factor explaining the variations in bacterial diversity, abundance and composition. In addition, the latter was significantly influenced by diverse biotic and abiotic factors, for example host germination rates and disease resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae. A set of bacterial biomarkers was identified to discriminate between characteristics of the seeds, for example Sphingomonas for improved germination and Brevundimonas for disease resistance. Application of a Bayesian community approach suggested vertical transmission of seed endophytes, where the paternal parent plays a major role and might even determine the germination performance of the offspring. This study contributes to the understanding of seed microbiome assembly and underlines the potential of the microbiome to be implemented in crop breeding and biocontrol programmes.
Application of extended BBCH scale for studying the development of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth.
Authors: Kubíková Zuzana , Hutyrová Helena , Smejkalová Hana , Kintl Antonín , Elbl Jakub 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhacelia tanacetifolia is a fast‐growing crop from the family of Hydrophyllaceae that can be grown as an intercrop or also as a main crop, especially for the production of seed. It is grown both for fodder and for green manure and it is also an excellent melliferous plant. As it has no relation to other cultivated crops, it is suitable as a break crop in rotation. Despite its agrotechnological significance, no detailed study of its phenological development and detailed characterisation of growth stages have been published so far. The precise description of growth stages is a tool very useful not only for farmers but also for researchers. This paper presents a detailed characterisation of the development of P. tanacetifolia from germination to senescence. Based on research results, a characterisation of phenological growth stages is proposed using the extended BBCH scale. Individual methods of the evaluation of growth stages in plants are discussed and possibilities are assessed for using these methods in evaluating the development of P. tanacetifolia. The individual phenological growth stages of P. tanacetifolia are described using both the two‐ and three‐digit BBCH coding system. Schematic drawings illustrating the most representative growth stages are presented, too.
Clinical results of total en bloc spondylectomy using a single posterior approach in spinal metastasis patients: Experiences from Thailand
Authors: Paholpak Permsak , Wisanuyotin Taweechok , Sirichativapee Winai , Sirichativapee Wilasinee , Kosuwon Weerachai , Wongratanacheewin Janista , Sangsin Apiruk , Kasai Yuichi , Murakami Hideki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo demonstrate a single posterior approach, total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) could be performed safely without preoperative embolization in spinal metastasis patients.Materials and MethodsThirteen solitary spinal metastasis patients (five males) underwent single posterior approach TES at the thoracolumbar spine without preoperative embolization from January 2018 to January 2020. The primary sites were the breast (n = 4), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 2), colon (n = 2), and others (n = 5). All patients underwent single posterior TES. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Frankel neurological status, operative time and blood loss, and any complications were all recorded. The patients were regularly followed‐up with radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to detect any local recurrences.ResultsThe mean operative time was 354.6 min, and the mean operative blood loss was 2134.62 ml. None of the patients experienced any perioperative complications. Within the follow‐up period (3–24 months), no local recurrences were detected. Two patients (15.38%) were found to have distant metastasis to adjacent and remote vertebrae. Three patients were lost to follow‐up, and three patients died of disease. Six patients showed an improved ECOG functional status by at least one grade. Four of Frankel A patients improved their neurological status by at least one grade.ConclusionEven without embolization, single posterior TES at the thoracolumbar spine is safe and effective for short‐term local control in solitary spinal metastasis. However, TES cannot prevent distant metastasis. Longer‐term follow‐up studies will be able to further identify the benefits of TES for the long‐term local control of diseases.
Associations of body mass index and weight change with circulating levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, proinflammatory cytokines, and adiponectin among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Cho Hyun Jeong , Song Sihan , Kim Zisun , Youn Hyun Jo , Cho Jihyoung , Min Jun Won , Kim Yoo Seok , Choi Sang‐Woon , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined the associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight change with inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors in Korea.MethodsA total of 495 women were included who had been diagnosed with primary breast cancer and survived for at least 6 months since the surgery. Information on the body weight and height of the participants was collected both at the study enrollment and diagnosis. The plasma levels of inflammatory markers were measured, including high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and adiponectin. A summary z‐score was calculated by summing up the z‐scores of each biomarker. The least‐square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a generalized linear model and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the elevated levels of inflammatory markers with a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsParticipants with a BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2 at the study enrollment and at diagnosis were significantly associated with elevated summary z‐scores compared to those with a BMI < 23 kg/m2; the ORs (95% CIs) were 5.42 (2.15–13.71) for current BMI and 3.66 (1.68–7.98) for BMI at diagnosis, respectively. Additionally, a weight loss > 5% since diagnosis was associated with a lower prevalence of high summary z‐scores; the OR (95% CI) was .20 (.08–.52) compared to a stable weight.ConclusionsA high BMI at diagnosis and current BMI with a greater degree were associated with unfavorable levels of inflammatory markers among breast cancer survivors. Additionally, weight loss since diagnosis was inversely associated with these markers.
Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes following in‐utero exposure to oxcarbazepine: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Athar Farwa , Ehsan Muhammad , Farooq Minaam , Lo Kevin B. , Cheema Huzaifa A. , Ahmad Shahzaib , Naveed Aiman , Umer Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AimThis systematic review aims to assess the safety profile of oxcarbazepine during pregnancy.MethodsObservational studies that included women who took oxcarbazepine anytime during pregnancy were included in our systematic review. The review did not include non‐English articles, reviews, meta‐analyses, case reports and animal studies. Different online sources such as MEDLINE, Cochrane library, Virtual Health Library, etc., were searched for published and unpublished literature. Assessment of the risk of bias in observational studies was carried out using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effect model. GRADE was used for the evaluation of the quality of evidence for the primary outcomes.ResultsWe included 19 cohort studies with a total of 5 071 137 patients, of which 2450 were exposed to oxcarbazepine either as monotherapy or polytherapy. The summary odds ratio (OR) was 1.69 (95% CI, 0.95–2.98) for congenital malformations following in‐utero exposure to oxcarbazepine as compared to the control group of unexposed patients (seven studies [n = 625]), and was 1.19 (95% CI, 0.67–2.12) when compared to those following lamotrigine (LTG) exposure during pregnancy (3 studies [n = 591]). In total, three studies (n = 770) reported the association between in‐utero oxcarbazepine exposure and fetal/perinatal deaths. The meta‐analysis yielded a summary OR of 3.33 (95% CI, 1.70–6.51).ConclusionOur systematic review will help healthcare providers and guideline developers regarding the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders during pregnancy. More cohort studies with a higher sample size concerning oxcarbazepine use in pregnant patients are required to truly assess the in‐utero safety profile of the drug.
Challenges in diagnosis and understanding of natural history of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Joham Anju E. , Piltonen Terhi , Lujan Marla E. , Kiconco Sylvia , Tay Chau Thien 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting 8%–13% of reproductive‐aged women. The aetiology of the syndrome is complex, with genetic susceptibility, androgen exposure in early life and adiposity related dysfunction leading to perturbance in hypothalamic–ovarian function. PCOS clinical features are heterogeneous, with manifestations arising even in early adolescence, developing into multisystem reproductive, metabolic and psychological manifestations in adulthood. In this review, we will discuss challenges in the diagnosis of PCOS and understanding of the natural history of PCOS.
Looking up and down: Strong collaboration is only the first step in tackling parachute science
Authors: Genda Peter Ami , Ngoteya Hans Cosmas , Caro Tim , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCritiques of parachute science argue for closer collaborations among local and international scientists. Here, building on such a collaboration, we highlight further challenges when outsiders, typically working through international nongovernmental organizations, fail to respect both the governance framework within which they are working and the realities on the ground. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of observing governance structures, maintaining transparency, and responding flexibly to national and regional priorities (“looking up”), as well as stressing the need to keep a close focus on local cultural context when designing interventions such as educational programs (“looking down”). Addressing the shortcomings for conservation practice contingent on parachute science interventions requires nimble, creative, and respectful actions, which at least in the context of Tanzania, we all still struggle to put into action.
Increasing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis overlap in liver transplant recipients: Additive risk for de novo malignancy
Authors: Nasser‐Ghodsi Navine , Mara Kristin , Allen Alina M. , Watt Kymberly D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with metabolic conditions that increase the risk of de novo malignancy following transplant. Patients often have more than one underlying liver disease, which could change the risk of de novo malignancy. This study assessed the incidence of NASH overlap and its effect on de novo malignancy in liver transplant recipients.MethodsData was analyzed from the United Network for Organ Sharing database for all liver transplant recipients from 1997 to 2017 for NASH alone or in combination with another liver disease.ResultsThere is an increasing prevalence of NASH overlap. Of the 98,679 patients included in the analysis, 1238 had a de novo malignancy identified (7.4% by 5 years post‐transplant). The cumulative incidence of de novo malignancy increases in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)/NASH overlap after 5 years and was increased in alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD)/NASH through 10 years compared to ether disease alone. NASH overlaps with “other” diseases experience a cumulative incidence similar to NASH and not the “other” disease. An increased risk of de novo solid organ malignancy was associated with older age, male gender, previous malignancy, and multiorgan transplant.ConclusionThe prevalence of liver transplant recipients with NASH overlap is increasing. These patients may experience different long‐term outcomes than patients with either diagnosis alone. De novo malignancy risk can be influenced by multiple factors and metabolic comorbidities. Further study of patients with overlap diagnoses is important moving forward to guide individualized care and cancer screening programs.
Diabetes risk status and meeting the US physical activity recommendations in reproductive‐aged women: 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Rand Bethany G. , Ehrlich Samantha F. , Johnson Tammie M. , Churilla James R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWomen at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, due to recognized prediabetes (PD) or previous gestational diabetes (GD), stand to benefit from meeting U.S. physical activity (PA) recommendations. This study examined the association of diabetes risk status with meeting aerobic activity (AA), muscle strengthening activity (MSA) and both recommendations.MethodsNon‐pregnant women, 18–44, free of recognized diabetes, who participated in the 2011, 2013, 2015, or 2017 U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (N = 211,114) were categorized as no diabetes (ND; n = 202,766, referent) versus at‐risk for diabetes (RD; n = 8348). Logistic regression models generated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for demographics and BMI. Tests for multiplicative interactions were performed for BMI category and race and ethnicity.ResultsThere were lower odds of meeting AA, MSA and both recommendations in the RD group (referent = ND; OR 0.95 [5% CI 0.78, 0.97], 0.83 [95% CI 0.91, 0.98] and 0.87 [95% CI 0.78, 0.97], respectively). Effect modification by BMI category was detected for models assessing MSA (p = 0.10), both (p = 0.07) and neither recommendation (p = 0.005), but not for AA. Among those with a BMI in the healthy and overweight groups, RD had decreased odds of meeting MSA recommendations (referent = ND; 0.69 [95% CI 0.58, 0.81] and 0.78 [95% CI 0.65, 0.93], respectively); among the healthy BMI, RD had 24% decreased odds of meeting both recommendations (referent = ND; 95% CI 0.63, 0.91). There was no difference in meeting PA recommendations among groups in the obese category, but the increased odds of meeting the AA recommendation among the RD group were approaching significance (referent = ND; [95% CI 1.00, 1.29], p = 0.06].ConclusionReproductive‐aged women with previous GD or recognized PD stand to benefit from increasing PA, especially MSA, the least often met recommendation.
Ladarixin, an inhibitor of the interleukin‐8 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2, in new‐onset type 1 diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Piemonti Lorenzo , Keymeulen Bart , Gillard Pieter , Linn Thomas , Bosi Emanuele , Rose Ludger , Pozzilli Paolo , Giorgino Francesco , Cossu Efisio , Daffonchio Luisa , Goisis Giovanni , Ruffini Pier Adelchi , Maurizi Anna Rita , Mantelli Flavio , Allegretti Marcello 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the ability of ladarixin (LDX, 400 mg twice‐daily for three cycles of 14 days on/14 days off), an inhibitor of the CXCR1/2 chemokine receptors, to maintain C‐peptide production in adult patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA double‐blind, randomized (2:1), placebo‐controlled study was conducted in 45 males and 31 females (aged 18‐46 years) within 100 days of the first insulin administration. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) for C‐peptide in response to a 2‐hour mixed meal tolerance test (AUC[0‐120 min]) at week 13 ± 1. Secondary endpoints included C‐peptide AUC(15‐120 min), HbA1c, daily insulin requirement, severe hypoglycaemic events (SHE), the proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c less than 7.0% without SHE and maintaining a residual beta cell function. Follow‐up assessments were scheduled at weeks 13 ± 1, 26 ± 2 and 52 ± 2.ResultsIn total, 26/26 (100%, placebo) and 49/50 (98%, LDX) patients completed week 13. The mean change from baseline to week 13 in C‐peptide AUC(0‐120 min) was −0.144 ± 0.449 nmol/L with placebo and 0.003 ± .322 nmol/L with LDX. The difference was not significant (0.149 nmol/L, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.33; P = .122). At week 26, the proportion of patients with HbA1c less than 7.0% without SHE was transiently higher in the LDX group (81% vs. 54%, P = .024). Otherwise, no significant secondary endpoint differences were noted. Transient metabolic benefit was seen at week 26 in favour of the LDX group in the prespecified subpopulation with fasting C‐peptide less than the median value at screening.ConclusionsIn newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes, short‐term LDX treatment had no appreciable effect on preserving residual beta cell function.
Trade and the propagation of global shocks
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Cavalcanti , Trejos Alberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe study the diffusion of shocks across countries. We develop an intertemporal model of the international economy, where tradable intermediate goods are used in the production of non‐tradable consumption and investment goods. International prices are endogenous, and their response to shocks triggers propagation across countries and industries. Each nation is affected differently depending on preferences, technology and endowment, which determine its comparative advantages. We use our calibrated model to perform counterfactual exercises reproducing some recent key world events. Shocks that have relatively minor aggregate effects in global output are found to impact countries and industries significantly and in opposite directions.
Effects of psychological stress and cortisol on decision making and modulating factors: A systematic review
Authors: Duque Aránzazu , Cano‐López Irene , Puig‐Pérez Sara 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests that psychological stress has effects on decision making, but the results are inconsistent, and the influence of cortisol and other modulating factors remains unclear. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, 18 studies carried out between 2015 and 2020 that examined the effects of psychological stress on decision making and measured cortisol levels were selected. Eight studies employed uncertainty‐based economic tasks, five studies used decision‐making tasks in hypothetical situations that can be encountered in real life or in a specific setting and five studies employed prosocial decision tasks. Seventeen studies assessed acute stress, and two assessed chronic stress; eight evaluated the influence of sex. Most of the studies that explored the association between stress and decision making using uncertainty‐based economic tasks found statistically significant differences as a function of stress exposure and the cortisol response to stress, whereas most of the studies that employed non‐economic decision‐making tasks in hypothetical situations did not find statistically significant differences. When prosocial decision making was evaluated, more altruistic decisions were found after acute stress, and these decisions were positively associated with cortisol. Half of the studies that assessed the role of sex observed a greater impact on decision making after stress in women. Results suggest that it is important to consider modulating factors—the type of decision‐making task, the cortisol response to stress, the characteristics of the psychological stressor or the subject's sex—when trying to understand psychosocial stress phenomena.