bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic incentive instruments and environmental innovation in China: Moderating effect of marketization
Authors: Long Siying , Liao Zhongju 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs an influential economic entity, China’s economic growth pattern is changing. The traditional way brought high-speed growth as well as caused environmental damage. The concept of environmental innovation, which combines the advantage of technology innovation and environmental consideration, has become a vital means to achieve sustainable development. Due to the double externality characteristic of environmental innovation, the government plays an important role in its development. Based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2017, this paper first examines the distinct influences of various economic incentive instruments on environmental innovation. Then, the moderation role of marketization is explored. The results show that governments’ direct financial expenditure on environmental protection has a positive impact on environmental innovation, while the effect of the environmental tax is not significant. In addition, the impact is negatively moderated by marketization.
Economy or culture? How the relative salience of policy dimensions shapes partisan effects on welfare state generosity
Authors: Hillen Sven 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Whether parties matter for welfare policy is debated in comparative research. This article argues that one reason for dwindling partisan effects is that with the rising salience of cultural issues, political conflict has become increasingly two-dimensional. The argument expects parties to be more prone to shape welfare policy in ways expected by partisan theory if the salience of the economic policy dimension vis-à-vis the cultural dimension increases. To assess the relative salience of the dimensions, the article relies on parties’ emphases on economic issues compared to cultural issues from election manifestos. In a quantitative analysis of welfare benefits in 16 European countries between 1970 and 2011, partisan effects are shown to depend on the relative salience of the economic dimension in party competition: with increasing dominance of economic issues, the positive effect of left parties on welfare state generosity increases while partisan effects dissipate after elections dominated by cultural issues.
Understanding Discrimination: Outcome-Relevant Information Does Not Mitigate Discrimination
Authors: Pedersen Mogens Jin , Nielsen Vibeke Lehmann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
People experience discrimination across a variety of domains, including at work and in dealings with public institutions, but what makes some individuals discriminate against others? Two dominant scholarly approaches—“statistical” and “taste-based”—offer different explanations. Statistical discrimination models imply that discrimination occurs because of incomplete information (informational bias), whereas taste-based discrimination models emphasize more elusive and deep-rooted cognitive biases. Adding new insights into whether discrimination is “statistical” or “taste-based,” this article examines how providing information that reduces informational bias affects discrimination. Using a preregistered survey experimental design, a representative sample of Danish residents (n = 2,024) are exposed to three unique vignettes, each involving a choice of service provider (general practitioner, babysitter, and house cleaner). Relating to gender and nativity stereotypes, we manipulate the gender of the general practitioners and the babysitters, and the country of origin of the house cleaners. Moreover, we manipulate exposure to rating cues about the service providers’ task performance, thus mitigating informational bias to some extent. Contrasting the expectations of statistical discrimination models, the performance ratings cues do not mitigate discrimination. Across all three vignettes, the participants exhibit stereotypical preferences, and the performance rating cues do not affect these discriminatory biases.
MSC therapy in livestock models
Authors: Harness Ellen M , Mohamad-Fauzi Nuradilla Binti , Murray James D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great value as therapeutic tools in a wide array of applications in regenerative medicine. The wide repertoire of cell functions regarding tissue regeneration, immunomodulation, and antimicrobial activity makes MSC-based therapy a strong candidate for treatment options in a variety of clinical conditions and should be studied to expand the current breadth of knowledge surrounding their physiological properties and therapeutic benefits. Livestock models are an appropriate resource for testing the efficacy of MSC therapies for their use in biomedical research and can be used to improve both human health and animal agriculture. Agricultural animal models such as pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats have grown in popularity for in vivo research relative to small animal models due to their overlapping similarities in structure and function that more closely mimic the human body. Cutaneous wound healing, bone regeneration, osteoarthritis, ischemic reperfusion injury, and mastitis recovery represent a few examples of the types of disease states that may be investigated in livestock using MSC-based therapy. Although the cost of agricultural animals is greater than small animal models, the information gained using livestock as a model holds great value for human applications, and in some cases, outcompetes the weight of information gained from rodent models. With emerging fields such as exosome-based therapy, proper in vivo models will be needed for testing efficacy and translational practice, i.e., livestock models should be strongly considered as candidates. The potential for capitalizing on areas that have crossover benefits for both agricultural economic gain and improved health of the animals while minimizing the gap between translational research and clinical practice are what make livestock great choices for experimental MSC models.
Impacts of polyclonal antibody preparations from avian origin on nutrient digestibility and performance of backgrounding beef cattle
Authors: Silva Gleise M , Schulmeister Tessa M , Podversich Federico , Tarnonsky Federico , Garcia-Ascolani Mariana E , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of feeding an avian-derived polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP; CAMAS, Inc.) against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 40%, 35%, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on growth performance (Exp. 1) and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients (Exp. 2) of beef cattle consuming a backgrounding diet. In Exp. 1, Angus crossbred heifers (n = 70; 360 ± 24 kg of initial body weight; BW) and steers (n = 20; 386 ± 24 kg of BW) were used in a generalized randomized block design. Heifers and steers were allocated to 1 of 18 concrete-surfaced pens (6 pens per treatment) to receive a common ad libitum diet (35% cottonseed hulls, 34% dry-rolled corn, and 20% corn gluten pellets; 15.9% crude protein on a dry matter [DM] basis, 1.58 Mcal/kg DM of net energy [NE] of maintenance, and 0.98 Mcal/kg DM of NE of gain) and 1 of the 3 treatments consisting of feeding 1 (PAP1), 3 (PAP3), or 0 g (CON) of PAP per day for 56 d. Feed intake was recorded daily and BW was obtained on days −1, 0, 14, 28, 42, 55, and 56 to assess average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gain:feed (G:F). Plasma concentrations of glucose and haptoglobin were measured on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. In Exp. 2, 25 Angus crossbreed steers (390 ± 24 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized design to receive the same diet and treatments from Exp. 1 (CON: n = 8; PAP1: n = 9; and PAP3: n = 8). Following a 14-d adaptation to diets, feed and fecal samples were collected to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. In Exp. 1, overall BW, DMI, ADG, G:F, and plasmatic measurements did not differ among treatments over the 56-d period (P ≥ 0.16). However, from days 0 to 14, a quadratic effect was observed for ADG, in which cattle receiving PAP1 had greater (P = 0.04) ADG compared with CON. In Exp. 2, no difference in DMI was observed (P = 0.88), yet DM, organic matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and starch digestibility were least (P ≤ 0.05) for PAP3, whereas digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was greatest (P &lt; 0.01) for PAP1. In summary, feeding 1 g/d of a PAP against S. bovis, F. necrophorum, and LPS improved growth performance in the first 14 d and increased fiber digestibility of beef cattle consuming a backgrounding diet. Further research is needed to understand the impaired responses on nutrient digestibility when greater doses are provided.
Neurotoxicity of an Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Transcript Inhibitor in 13-Week Rat and Monkey Studies
Authors: Lake April D , Holsapple Kevin , McDonnell Tanya , Arezzo Joseph C , Ramirez Ricardo , Gamelin Lindsay , Yu Mei , Glatt Dylan , Dick Ryan , Xie Xiaodong , Choy Regina , Cheng Guofeng , Tay Chin H , Chester Anne , Kato Darryl , Burns-Naas Leigh Ann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The nonclinical safety profile of GS-8873, a hepatitis B virus RNA transcript inhibitor was evaluated in rat and monkey 13-week toxicity studies with 8-week recovery phases. Vehicle or GS-8873 was dosed orally for 13 weeks at 2, 6, 20, and 60 mg/kg/day to Wistar Han rats and at 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day to cynomolgus monkeys. In vitro and in vivo screening results from an analog discovered prior to GS-8873 informed the 13-week toxicology study designs. Neuroelectrophysiology and neurobehavioral evaluations were included at weeks 4 and 13 of the dosing and recovery phases for GS-8873. No adverse neurobehavioral effects were observed. Significant nerve conduction velocity (NCV) decreases and latency increases occurred at the high doses after 4 weeks of dosing. By week 13, dose-responsive NCV reductions and latency increases worsened across all dose groups compared with controls. Some reversal occurred 8 weeks after the last dose administered, but not to vehicle control levels. A minimal, axonal degeneration was observed in rat spinal and peripheral nerves across dose groups compared with controls. No monkey nervous system microscopic findings were observed. No-observed-adverse-effect-levels could not be determined for either species due to the neuroelectrophysiology findings and development was halted in the interest of safety. A retrospective risk assessment approach utilizing benchmark dose (BMD) modeling contributed 13-week NCV BMDL estimates (lower limits of the 95% confidence interval) in lieu of no-observed-adverse-effect-levels. The best-fitted models extrapolated NCV BMDLs for the rat caudal and monkey sural nerve at 0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg/day, respectively.
Guardian-Reported Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lifestyle of Children with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vyas Varuna , Singh Kuldeep , Pareek Puneet , Garg Mahendra Kumar , Didel Siyaram , Priyanka Priyanka , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Misra Sanjeev 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on the lives and lifestyles of people of all ages worldwide. Lifestyle has an essential role in the management of diabetes mellitus in children.

Methods
The study was carried out at a tertiary care centre in India. A telehealth survey was conducted among the parents/guardians of children with diabetes to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey evaluated the effects on lifestyle, diabetes management and challenges in connecting to a new telemedicine programme.

Results
The survey was completed by guardians of 91 patients. The mean age of the patients was 13.0 ± 3.8 years in boys and 11.9 ± 4.5 years in girls. Fifty-seven per cent of them were boys, and 63.7% stayed in rural areas. The pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in screen time and sleep duration. The median non-educational screen time has gone up from 1.00 (0.5–2.0) to 2.50 (1.0–4.0) h. The mean sleep duration in children increased from 9.1 ± 1.4 to 9.7 ± 1.4 h. Telemedicine services have been established with minimum resources, but they have limitations, and awareness about them is also limited.

Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has made the lifestyle of children with diabetes more sedentary. Some of them have also faced challenges with regard to diabetes-related supplies and management. It would be fair to anticipate more complications related to this sedentary lifestyle in the future and work towards identifying and treating them.
Rheumatoid arthritis and DVT risk
Authors: Quisenberry Susan L. , Atchison Phillip T. , Cottrell Damon B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Studies show that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) compared with the general population. This article discusses the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of RA, explores the DVT risk in patients with RA, and outlines critical nursing actions to care for these patients.
Treatment Options for Dupuytren’s Disease: Tips and Tricks
Authors: Denkler Keith A. , Park Keon Min , Alser Osaid 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Dupuytren's disease (DD) is a common fibroproliferative condition of the hand.

Methods:
Management of DD includes observation, non-operative management, and operative management. Operative treatments include percutaneous needle fasciotomy (PNF), open fasciotomy (OF), Clostridium collagenase histolyticum (CCH) injections, limited fasciectomy (LF) and dermofasciectomy (DF). The various methods of DD treatment are reviewed.

Results:
We summarize the highlights of each treatment option as well as the strengths and weaknesses. PNF has an immediate improvement, but a higher recurrence rate, potential problematic skin tears, and rare tendon or nerve complications. Limited fasciectomy removes the thickened, diseased tissue but has a more prolonged recovery and has a higher rate of significant complications. Dermofasciectomy has the highest complication rate, and the lowest recurrence. Also, secondary fasciectomy after a previous dermofasciectomy has an unexpected amputation rate as high as 8%. Collagenase injections require two visits, have an increased number of minor side effects such as skin tears, and have rare but significant side effects such as tendon rupture.

Conclusions:
This article gives an overview of different treatment options for DD and each of their strengths and weaknesses and provides procedural tips.
Treatment of Keloids: A Meta-analysis of Intralesional Triamcinolone, Verapamil, and Their Combination
Authors: Klomparens Kara , Simman Richard 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Keloids are skin lesions of abnormal and excessive scar proliferation that have no agreed upon gold standard of therapy. Extensive research in this area has shown that both intralesional triamcinolone and verapamil are effective in their treatment.

Methods:
A review of these two treatment modalities was conducted via an extensive search of existing literature published in PubMed, Scopus Libraries, and Science Direct databases using keywords “keloid,” “verapamil,” “triamcinolone,” “intralesional,” “treatment,” and “corticosteroid” published between 1996 and 2021. From these included studies, clinical trials that directly compared the effects of intralesional triamcinolone and verapamil from 2008 to 2021 were included in a meta-analysis. Lastly, the minimal current research pertaining to a potential future direction of their combination was described.

Results:
Over 30 publications were included in this literature review to describe the current state of keloid treatment and outline the advantages and disadvantages of intralesional triamcinolone and verapamil. Eight of these studies were included in the meta-analysis which had varying results. In all studies, greater improvement was seen in the triamcinolone acetonide group compared with the verapamil group. However, these improved results were associated with a higher rate of adverse effects.

Conclusions:
When comparing the modalities of triamcinolone acetonide and verapamil for keloid treatment, triamcinolone acetonide shows more significant and rapid improvement compared with verapamil; however, there are also increased adverse effects. Minimal combination studies of these treatments have shown that perhaps using them together can augment their mechanisms without the unwanted side effects.
Hypertension and contraceptive use among women of child-bearing age in the United States from 2001 to 2018
Authors: Kovell Lara C. , Meyerovitz Claire V. , Skaritanov Ekaterina , Ayturk Didem , Person Sharina D. , Kumaraswami Tara , Juraschek Stephen P. , Moore Simas Tiffany A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Hypertension (HTN) in pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the United States. Contraception is widely used, and estrogen-based combined hormonal forms are known to increase blood pressure (BP). With nearly half of pregnancies unplanned and many antihypertensive medications teratogenic, appropriate contraception is critical in child-bearing age women with HTN.

Methods:
Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018, we evaluated contraception and antihypertensive medication use in women of child-bearing age (20–50 years). Women who had undergone sterilization or menopause were excluded. HTN was defined based on a self-reported provider diagnosis and BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use. Contraception included non-barrier methods (pills/patch/ring, injections, long-acting reversible contraceptives) or consistent condom use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the odds of contraception use. Temporal trends in contraception use were reported.

Results:
Of the 8726 women, 12.4% had HTN with mean age (standard error) 36.0 (0.3) years. In women with HTN, 9.2% used non-barrier contraception and 10.4% used condoms only. Over half (52.7%) of women with HTN on antihypertensive medications were taking medications contraindicated in pregnancy, with no difference seen by contraceptive status. In logistic regression models, contraceptive use was lower in the older-aged women. In women with HTN on non-barrier contraception, combined hormonal contraceptive use declined, from 100% (2001–2006) to 81.4% (2013–2018, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Many women with self-reported HTN are not using adequate contraception. Of the small proportion on non-barrier contraceptives, the majority are using estrogen-based, BP-raising methods.
A nigra–subthalamic circuit is involved in acute and chronic pain states
Authors: Yin Cui , Jia Tao , Luan Yiwen , Zhang Xue , Xiao Cheng , Zhou Chunyi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The basal ganglia modulate somatosensory pain pathways, but it is unclear whether a common circuit exists to mitigate hyperalgesia in pain states induced by peripheral nociceptive stimuli. As a key output nucleus of the basal ganglia, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) may be a candidate for this role. To test this possibility, we optogenetically modulated SNr GABAergic neurons and examined pain thresholds in freely behaving male mice in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states as well as comorbid depression in chronic pain. We observed that stimulation of either SNr GABAergic neurons or their projections to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) significantly alleviated nociceptive responses in all pain states on the contralateral side and comorbid depression in chronic pain, and that this analgesic effect was eliminated when SNr–STN GABAergic projection was blocked. However, SNr modulation did not affect baseline pain thresholds. We also found that SNr–STN GABAergic projection was attenuated in pain states, resulting in disinhibition of STN neurons. Thus, impairment of the SNr–STN GABAergic circuit may be a common pathophysiology for the maintenance of hyperalgesia in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain states and the comorbid depression in chronic pain; compensating this circuit has potential to effectively treat pain related conditions.
Preconditioning by voluntary wheel running attenuates later neuropathic pain via nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 antioxidant signaling in rats
Authors: Green-Fulgham Suzanne M. , Harland Michael E. , Ball Jayson B. , Li Jiahe , Lacagnina Michael J. , D'Angelo Heather , Dreher Renee A. , Willcox Kendal F. , Lorca Sabina A. , Kwilasz Andrew J. , Maier Steven F. , Watkins Linda R. , Grace Peter M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Animal and human studies have shown that exercise prior to nerve injury prevents later chronic pain, but the mechanisms of such preconditioning remain elusive. Given that exercise acutely increases the formation of free radicals, triggering antioxidant compensation, we hypothesized that voluntary running preconditioning would attenuate neuropathic pain by supporting redox homeostasis after sciatic nerve injury in male and female rats. We show that 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running suppresses neuropathic pain development induced by chronic constriction injury across both sexes. This attenuation was associated with reduced nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity—a marker for peroxynitrite—at the sciatic nerve injury site. Our data suggest that prior voluntary wheel running does not reduce the production of peroxynitrite precursors, as expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase 2 were unchanged. Instead, voluntary wheel running increased superoxide scavenging by elevating expression of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2. Prevention of neuropathic pain was further associated with the activation of the master transcriptional regulator of the antioxidant response, nuclear factor E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Six weeks of prior voluntary wheel running increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation at the sciatic nerve injury site; in contrast, 3 weeks of prior wheel running, which failed to prevent neuropathic pain, had no effect on Nrf2 nuclear translocation. The protective effects of prior voluntary wheel running were mediated by Nrf2, as suppression was abolished across both sexes when Nrf2 activation was blocked during the 6-week running phase. This study provides insight into the mechanisms by which physical activity may prevent neuropathic pain. Preconditioning by voluntary wheel running, terminated prior to nerve injury, suppresses later neuropathic pain in both sexes, and it is modulated through the activation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling.