bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione Carol M. , Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Cabana Michael , Caughey Aaron B. , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Kubik Martha , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James , Wong John B. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceMenopause is defined as the cessation of a person’s menstrual cycle. It is defined retrospectively, 12 months after the final menstrual period. Perimenopause, or the menopausal transition, is the few-year time period preceding a person’s final menstrual period and is characterized by increasing menstrual cycle length variability and periods of amenorrhea, and often symptoms such as vasomotor dysfunction. The prevalence and incidence of most chronic diseases (eg, cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and fracture) increase with age, and US persons who reach menopause are expected on average to live more than another 30 years.ObjectiveTo update its 2017 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of systemic (ie, oral or transdermal) hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons and whether outcomes vary by age or by timing of intervention after menopause.PopulationAsymptomatic postmenopausal persons who are considering hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic medical conditions.Evidence AssessmentThe USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons with an intact uterus has no net benefit. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that the use of estrogen alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy has no net benefit.RecommendationThe USPSTF recommends against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons. (D recommendation) The USPSTF recommends against the use of estrogen alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons who have had a hysterectomy. (D recommendation)
Validity of the Single-Item Screen–Cannabis (SIS-C) for Cannabis Use Disorder Screening in Routine Care
Authors: Matson Theresa E. , Lapham Gwen T. , Bobb Jennifer F. , Oliver Malia , Hallgren Kevin A. , Williams Emily C. , Bradley Katharine A. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceCannabis use is prevalent and increasing, and frequent use intensifies the risk of cannabis use disorder (CUD). CUD is underrecognized in medical settings, but a validated single-item cannabis screen could increase recognition.ObjectiveTo evaluate the Single-Item Screen–Cannabis (SIS-C), administered and documented in routine primary care, compared with a confidential reference standard measure of CUD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis diagnostic study included a sample of adult patients who completed routine cannabis screening between January 28 and September 12, 2019, and were randomly selected for a confidential survey about cannabis use. Random sampling was stratified by frequency of past-year use and race and ethnicity. The study was conducted at an integrated health system in Washington state, where adult cannabis use is legal. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to March 2022.ExposuresThe SIS-C asks about frequency of past-year cannabis use with responses (none, less than monthly, monthly, weekly, daily or almost daily) documented in patients’ medical records.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM) for past-year CUD was completed on a confidential survey and considered the reference standard. The SIS-C was compared with 2 or more criteria on the CIDI-SAM, consistent with CUD. All analyses were weighted, accounting for survey design and nonresponse, to obtain estimates representative of the health system primary care population.ResultsOf 5000 sampled adult patients, 1688 responded to the cannabis survey (34% response rate). Patients were predominantly middle-aged (weighted mean [SD] age, 50.7 [18.1]), female or women (weighted proportion [SE], 55.9% [4.1]), non-Hispanic (weighted proportion [SE], 96.7% [1.0]), and White (weighted proportion [SE], 74.2% [3.7]). Approximately 6.6% of patients met criteria for past-year CUD. The SIS-C had an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78-0.96) for identifying CUD. A threshold of less than monthly cannabis use balanced sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.83) for detecting CUD. In populations with a 6% prevalence of CUD, predictive values of a positive screen ranged from 17% to 34%, while predictive values of a negative screen ranged from 97% to 100%.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study, the SIS-C had excellent performance characteristics in routine care as a screen for CUD. While high negative predictive values suggest that the SIS-C accurately identifies patients without CUD, low positive predictive values indicate a need for further diagnostic assessment following positive results when screening for CUD in primary care.
Influence of different air CT numbers for IVDT on the dose distribution in TomoTherapy MVCT
Authors: Tsunemine Shogo , Ozawa Shuichi , Nakao Minoru , Miura Hideharu , Saito Akito , Kawahara Daisuke , Onishi Yasuhiko , Onishi Takashi , Hashiguchi Taiki , Matsumoto Yoshihisa , Maruta Tsutomu , Murakami Yuji , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effect of different air computed tomography (CT) numbers of the image value density table (IVDT) on the retrospective dose calculation of head‐and‐neck (HN) radiotherapy using TomoTherapy megavoltage CT (MVCT) images. The CT numbers of the inside and outside air and each tissue‐equivalent plug of the “Cheese” phantom were obtained from TomoTherapy MVCT. Two IVDTs with different air CT numbers were created and applied to MVCT images of the HN anthropomorphic phantom and recalculated by Planned Adaptive to verify dose distribution. We defined the recalculation dose with MVCT images using both inside and outside air of the IVDT as and , respectively. Treatment planning doses calculated on kVCT images were compared with those calculated on MVCT images using two different IVDT tables, namely, and . The difference between average MVCT numbers ±1 standard deviation on inside and outside air of the calibration phantom was 65 ± 36 HU. This difference in MVCT number of air exceeded the recommendation lung tolerance for dose calculation error of 2%. The dose differences between the planning target volume (PTV): D98%, D50%, D2% and the organ at risk (OAR): Dmax, Dmean recalculated by and using MVCT images were a maximum of 0.7% and 1.2%, respectively. Recalculated doses to the PTV and OAR with MVCT showed that was 0.5%–0.7% closer to the kVCT treatment planning dose than . This study showed that was more accurate than in recalculating the dose HN cases of MVCT using TomoTherapy.
Autobiographical memory and future episodic thinking among trauma‐exposed Rohingya refugee people
Authors: Khan Sanjida , Haque Shamsul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPast research has shown that trauma‐exposed refugee people frequently report less specific autobiographical memories, but the characteristics of their future episodic thinking remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the specificity and emotional valence of autobiographical memory and future episodic thinking produced by 120 Rohingya refugee people resettled in Malaysia. The participants retrieved three autobiographical memories and produced three future episodes to three cue words. The Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder‐8 Scale, Patients Health Questionnaire‐9, and Trauma Questionnaires assessed participants' PTSD, depression, and trauma exposures. Results revealed that nearly two‐thirds of the memories (64%) were overgeneral, and almost an equal number contained traumatic elements (63%). However, most future episodes were overgeneral (91%), and two‐thirds showed positivity bias (62.5%). The participants who retrieved more autobiographical memories with enhanced specificity also reported more future episodes with enhanced specificity. The higher PTSD and depression significantly predicted the reporting of overgeneral future episodes. Participants with a lower level of depression were more likely to report future episodes with enhanced positivity. The results indicate that therapeutic interventions targeting improving memory specificity and the positivity of future episodes could eventually improve refugee people's mental health.
Nanofiber Aerogels with Precision Macrochannels and LL‐37‐Mimic Peptides Synergistically Promote Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: John Johnson V. , Sharma Navatha Shree , Tang Guosheng , Luo Zeyu , Su Yajuan , Weihs Shelbie , Shahriar S. M. Shatil , Wang Guangshun , McCarthy Alec , Dyke Justin , Zhang Yu Shrike , Khademhosseini Ali , Xie Jingwei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFast healing of diabetic wounds remains a major clinical challenge. Herein, this study reports a strategy to combine nanofiber aerogels containing precision macrochannels and the LL‐37‐mimic peptide W379 for rapid diabetic wound healing. Nanofiber aerogels consisting of poly(glycolide‐co‐lactide) (PGLA 90:10)/gelatin and poly‐p‐dioxanone (PDO)/gelatin short electrospun fiber segments are prepared by partially anisotropic freeze‐drying, cross‐linking, and sacrificial templating with 3D printed meshes, exhibiting nanofibrous architecture and precision micro‐/macrochannels. Like human cathelicidin LL‐37, W379 peptide at a concentration of 3 µg mL−1 enhances the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in a cell scratch assay and a proliferation assay. In vivo studies show that nanofiber aerogels with precision macrochannels can greatly promote cell penetration compared to aerogels without macrochannels. Relative to control and aerogels with and without macrochannels, adding W379 peptides to aerogels with precision macrochannels shows the best efficacy in healing diabetic wounds in mice in terms of cell infiltration, neovascularization, and re‐epithelialization. The fast re‐epithelization could be due to the upregulation of phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase) after treatment with W379. Together, the approach developed in this study could be promising for the treatment of diabetic wounds and other chronic wounds.
Recent Advances in Structural Design of Efficient Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Organic Small Molecules
Authors: Kim Hae Un , Kim Taehyun , Kim Chanhyuk , Kim Minjun , Park Taiho 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting materials in the near‐infrared (NIR) region are important to realize next‐generation lightweight and wearable applications in bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, and telecommunications. Inorganic and organometallic light‐emitting materials are expensive and toxic; thus, the development of purely organic light‐emitting materials is essential. However, the development of highly efficient NIR light‐emitting materials made of organic materials is still in its infancy. Therefore, this review outlines molecular design strategies for developing organic small‐molecule NIR light‐emitting materials with high emission efficiency that can overcome the energy‐gap law to be applied to next‐generation wearable devices. After briefly reviewing the basic knowledge required for the NIR emission of organic molecules, representative high‐efficiency molecules reported over the past 5 years are classified according to their core moieties, and their molecular design, physical properties, and luminescence characteristics are analyzed. Further, the perspective and outlook regarding the development of next‐generation high‐efficiency NIR organic light‐emitting materials are provided.
Polyoxometalate‐Soft Matter Composite Materials: Design Strategies, Applications, and Future Directions
Authors: Kruse Jan‐Hendrik , Langer Marcel , Romanenko Iuliia , Trentin Ivan , Hernández‐Castillo David , González Leticia , Schacher Felix H. , Streb Carsten 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMolecular metal oxides or polyoxometalates (POMs) offer unrivaled properties in areas ranging from catalysis and energy conversion through to molecular electronics, biomimetics, and theranostics. While POMs are ubiquitous metal oxide model systems studied in most areas of chemistry and materials science, their technological deployment is often hampered by their molecular nature, as this leads to increased degradation, leaching, and loss of reactivity, particularly when harsh applications, such as water electrolysis, thermal catalysis or highly basic/acidic reaction solutions are targeted. Therefore, immobilization of POMs on heterogeneous substrates has recently become a central theme in POM research. While early studies focused mainly on metal oxide and semiconductor supports, more recently, POM integration in soft matter matrices including polymers, conductive polymers, hydrogels, and stimuli‐responsive matrices leads to breakthroughs in multifunctional composite design. This Review summarizes pioneering experimental and theoretical progress in this emerging field over the last decade, highlighting current challenges that need to be overcome to allow a more widespread technological deployment and providing the authors’ view of some of the most promising future directions of the research field. In addition, the current understanding of correlations between structure (on the molecular, nano‐ and microscale) and reactivity in POM polymer composites is summarized, so that rational materials design can be further developed.
Nanowires for UV–vis–IR Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices
Authors: Chen Xue , Chen Bingkun , Jiang Bei , Gao Tengfei , Shang Gang , Han Su‐Ting , Kuo Chi‐Ching , Roy Vellaisamy A. L. , Zhou Ye 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSimulating biological synaptic functionalities through artificial synaptic devices opens up an innovative way to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck at the device level. Artificial optoelectronic synapses provide a non‐contact method to operate the devices and overcome the shortcomings of electrical synaptic devices. With the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, adjustable light absorption coefficient, and broad spectral range, nanowires (NWs)‐based optoelectronic synapses have attracted wide attention. Herein, to better promote the applications of nanowires‐based optoelectronic synapses for future neuromorphic systems, the functionalities of optoelectronic synaptic devices and the current progress of NWs optoelectronic synaptic devices in UV–vis–IR spectral range are introduced. Furthermore, a bridge between NWs‐based optoelectronic synaptic device and the neuromorphic system is established. Challenges for the forthcoming development of NWs optoelectronic synapses are also discussed. This review may offer a vision into the design and neuromorphic applications of NWs‐based optoelectronic synaptic devices.
Active Motif Change of Ni‐Fe Spinel Oxide by Ir Doping for Highly Durable and Facile Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hong Sukhwa , Ham Kahyun , Hwang Jeemin , Kang Sinwoo , Seo Min Ho , Choi Young‐Woo , Han Byungchan , Lee Jaeyoung , Cho Kangwoo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for producing sustainable energy carriers. Herein, Ir (5 mol.%) doped inverse‐spinel NiFe2O4 (Ir‐NFO) nanoparticles deposited on Ni foam (NF) by scalable solution casting are considered a promising OER electrocatalyst for industrial deployments. The Ir‐NFO/NF (with minimal lattice distortion by uniform Ir doping) provides an OER overpotential of 251 mV (intrinsically outperforming NFO/NF and benchmarking IrO2/NF) and extraordinary robustness over 130 days at 100 mA cm−2. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy reveals oxidation only for Fe on NFO, whereas concurrent generation of higher‐valent Ni and Fe occurs on Ir‐NFO during OER. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that Ir substitutes the sublayer Ni octahedral site and switches the main active reaction center from FeOhFeTd bridge site (FeOFe) on NFO to NiOh–FeTd bridge site (NiOFe active motif) on Ir‐NFO for a co‐catalytic OER. This study sheds new light on precious‐metal doped Ni‐Fe oxides, which may be applicable to other binary/ternary oxide electrocatalysts.
Techniques and Materials for High‐Throughput Fabrication and Integration of Multiparameter Flexible Skin Patches
Authors: Huang Xian , Li Xueting , Wu Ziyue , Zhou Pan , Ling Wei , Wan Chunxue , Li Jiameng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe development of batch fabrication techniques for flexible skin patches may promote the use of these devices in daily health monitoring and public health crisis. Here, a modularized mass fabrication and selective integration approach that can yield multiparameter electronic skin patches are presented. The screen‐printing technique has been adopted to achieve five modularized sensors for electrocardiogram (ECG), temperature, hydration, blood oxygen, and pH sensing as well as a universal central hub to connect the sensors with external wireless circuits. In a single glass substrate, 13 ECG electrodes, more than 200 sensors, or 80 central hubs can be printed with high homogeneity in performance. In addition to rapid printing of these components, special temperature‐sensitive paste, batch electropolymerization processes, selection of stress confining substrates, and usage of anisotropic conductive tapes have been investigated to facilitate the integration processes of the multiparameter skin patches. The systematic techniques presented in this paper may help to overcome the bottleneck that is currently constraining the mass fabrication of multiparameter skin patches, allowing rapid deployment and convenient application of these devices for health monitoring in large populations.
Spintronic Terahertz Emission in Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductor/Ferromagnet Heterostructures
Authors: Comstock Andrew , Biliroglu Melike , Seyitliyev Dovletgeldi , McConnell Aeron , Vetter Eric , Reddy Pramod , Kirste Ronny , Szymanski Dennis , Sitar Zlatko , Collazo Ramón , Gundogdu Kenan , Sun Dali 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent successful integration of semiconductors into spintronic THz emitters has demonstrated a new pathway of control over terahertz (THz) radiation through ultrafast demagnetization dynamics. Here, the spintronic THz emission from different ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors interfaced with ferromagnets is studied. The authors show that the Schottky barrier in the UWBG semiconductor AlN acts as a spin filter that increases the polarization of the spin current injected from the ferromagnet. Furthermore, the authors show that the two‐dimensional electron gas at the interface between Al0.25Ga0.75N and GaN enhances the magnitude of the emitted radiation due to the high spin‐to‐charge conversion efficiency induced by the Rashba effect that results in a hallmark asymmetry in emission amplitude. The results provide a framework for future engineering of semiconducting/ferromagnet heterostructures for ultrafast communications technologies beyond 5G.
Hierarchically Porous Fiber‐Based Nanofluidic Diode as an Efficient Multimode Hygroelectric Generator
Authors: Lu Xulei , Yang Tingting , Fu Chunqiao , Jiang Zhongbao , Zhang Yong , Shang Kedong , He Changliu , Zhou Jian , He Qi‐Chang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHarvesting electrical energy from different forms of water by using the hydrovoltaic effect is a promising approach to green energy acquisition. However, at present, different devices are required to obtain electrical energy from different water forms, and the output performance of the devices is not high, which greatly reduces the convenience and effectiveness of harvesting electrical energy from different water forms. Here, a carbon nanofiber electrode with a hierarchical porous structure capable of promoting water molecule adsorption, rapid penetration, and diffusion is reported. Besides, the electrode acts as a nanofluidic diode with anodic aluminum oxide in which the built‐in electric field drives selective separation and directional transport of ions and efficient ion/electron current conversion at the electrodes. Unlike typical hygroelectric devices, the device can work with moisture (93% relative humidity, 25 °C, open‐circuit voltage (VOC) ≈ 1.1 V, short‐circuit current density (JSC) ≈ 27 µA cm−2), water droplets (2 µL, VOC ≈ 1.03 V, JSC ≈ 640 µA cm−2), and bulk water (VOC ≈ 1.15 V, JSC ≈ 256 µA cm−2). It provides an efficient way to generate electricity in multiform water environment, greatly broadening the working scene and improving the adaptability of the device in complex weather environments.
Structure and Performance Evolution of Perovskite Solar Cells under Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Li Guixiang , Su Zhenhuang , Li Meng , Lee Harrison Ka Hin , Datt Ram , Hughes Declan , Wang Chenyue , Flatken Marion , Köbler Hans , Jerónimo‐Rendon José Juan , Roy Rajarshi , Yang Feng , Pascual Jorge , Li Zhe , Tsoi Wing Chung , Gao Xingyu , Wang Zhaokui , Saliba Michael , Abate Antonio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMetal halide perovskite solar cells may work for application in extreme temperatures, such as those experienced under extraterrestrial conditions. However, device performances in extreme temperatures are poorly investigated. This work systematically explores the performance of perovskite solar cells between −160 and 150 °C. In situ grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering discloses perovskite phase transition and crystal disordering as dominant factors for the temperature‐dependent device efficiency deterioration. It is shown that perovskite lattice strain and relaxation originating from extreme temperature variations are recoverable, and so are the perovskite structure and photovoltaic performances. This work provides insights into the functioning under extreme temperatures, clarifying bottlenecks to overcome and the potential for extraterrestrial applications.