bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical and microstructural characterization of Micro-LED with sidewall treatment
Authors: Yang Fan , Xu Yu , Li Lu , Cai Xin , Li Jianjie , Tao Jiahao , Zheng Shunan , Cao Bing , Xu Ke 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The traditional influence on the sidewall damage of Micro-LED was mostly focused on the research of I-V-L. In this paper, we discussed the influence of Micro-LED sidewall damage from the perspective of optical and microstructural characterization. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the Micro-LED structure with smaller size was more irregular after inductively coupled plasma etching. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis showed that the area of the upper and lower regions of the quantum well was inconsistent, there was about 2 nm lattice disorder on the surface of the sidewall of the mesa, and oxygen and silicon impurity atoms were enriched. For optical characterization, a method combining laser scanning confocal microscopy and photoluminescence (PL) was proposed to evaluate the optical performance of the mesa. The results showed that the luminescence of Micro-LED mesa was uneven, the luminous intensity at the edge of the mesa was reduced by more than 65%, and the luminous wavelength was shifted by several nanometers. Finally, we optimized the sidewall treatment process, effectively improved the performance of Micro-LED devices by combining tetramethylammonium hydroxide treatment and SiO2 passivation, and increased the luminous intensity of Micro-LED 2 μm away from the edge by about 4.7 times and PL uniformity was greatly improved. These results provided an available reference for the development of Micro-LED.
Symposium on disaster-related deaths after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Tsuboi Motohiro , Tani Yuta , Sawano Toyoaki , Ozaki Akihiko , Nonaka Saori , Zhao Tianchen , Hori Arinobu , Akihiro Uto , Zaima Fumiyasu , Watanabe Toshihiko , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Disaster deaths can be classified into direct and indirect deaths. Direct deaths are those caused by the direct physical effects of disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and radiation exposure. Indirect deaths are those caused by secondary health effects such as emergency evacuation, relocation, evacuation environment, disruption of health care delivery services, and psychosocial effects. In addition, in Japan, the term disaster-related deaths refers to indirect deaths in accordance with the disaster condolence payments system, which provides relief for bereaved families. On 11 March 2011, the Great East Japan Earthquake exposed several issues related to disaster-related deaths in Japan. Therefore, on 1 February 2022, a symposium on disaster-related deaths hosted by this study was held on the website. The symposium discussed the issues and challenges associated with disaster-related deaths for future disaster preparedness. The authors introduced the concept of ‘shaking’ at the symposium by defining ‘shaking’ as ‘the repeated changes in the social and living environment that worsen health conditions, regardless of the disaster’. It was also pointed out that vulnerable populations are more likely to experience more pronounced health effects. This generalised concept of ‘shaking’ associated with disaster-related deaths suggests that it is important to anticipate disasters before they occur to take specific preventive measures, targeted at vulnerable populations. This study found that disaster-related deaths in Japan create several problems in terms of future radiation disaster preparedness and medical countermeasures. In the future, there will be a need to examine the relevance of the issues of disaster-related deaths identified as a result of this symposium for future radiation disaster preparedness.
Local control of optical absorption properties of glass using precipitation of gold nanoparticles via gold sphere movement driven by laser
Authors: Fukushima Shunta , Hidai Hirofumi , Itoh Sho , Matsusaka Souta 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Glass embedded with metal nanoparticles is a promising material necessary for optical devices because of its absorption properties associated with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles. We demonstrated that continuous-wave laser illumination of the metal sphere in glass migrates the metal sphere and dopes the migration trajectory. In this study, we have attempted to locally control the absorption properties of borosilicate glass via gold nanoparticle precipitation using gold sphere migration. The gold sphere was moved in the glass via laser illumination, and the gold nanoparticles were precipitated in the movement trajectory. The trajectory was colored in red and purple gradations because of the SPR of gold nanoparticles. The particle size of the precipitated gold nanoparticles and the absorption peak wavelength increased with increasing velocity of the gold sphere. The absorption properties of the trajectory depend on the velocity of the gold sphere migration, which enabled local control of the absorption properties of the glass.
Black phosphorus nanosheets/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) based electrochemical immunosensor for the selective detection of human epididymis protein 4
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Azhar Hayat , Akhtar Mahmood Hassan , Ren Jia , Akhtar Naeem , Hayat Akhtar , Yu Cong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, an electrochemical immunosensor based on black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode was developed for the detection of ovarian cancer biomarker HE4. PAH has been applied to retain BPNS in its original honeycomb structure and to anchor biomolecules electrostatically on the transducer surface. The as synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by zeta potential analysis, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the performance of the electrochemical immunosensor was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under the optimal condition, the developed electrochemical immunosensor permitted to detect HE4 with a linear range of 0.1–300 ng ml−1 and a detection limit of 0.01 ng ml−1. The developed sensor exhibited good selectivity and specificity to HE4 with negligible interference effect from common biomolecules like bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, protamine, glucose, fructose, hemoglobin and fetal bovine serum. Further, practical application of developed electrochemical immunosensor was demonstrated in spiked human serum which showed satisfactory recovery percentages.
On the variation of apparent weight with altitude above a planet with an atmosphere
Authors: Emslie A Gordon , Oliver Travis P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study the variation of the apparent weight of an object with height above the surface of a planet with a (buoyant) atmosphere. Interestingly, this variation depends on two competing factors—the reduced gravitational acceleration (which acts to reduce the weight with increasing height) and the reduced buoyancy force in the progressively less dense atmosphere (which acts to increase the apparent weight of an object relative to its value at the planetary surface). The relative sizes of these two competing effects are evaluated for various bodies in the Solar System. For most planets, and the one pertinent moon (Titan), the effects are quite comparable in magnitude. However, the relatively tenuous atmosphere of Mars renders the reduced buoyancy effect negligible; the apparent weight of an object thus (as generally assumed) does decrease with height. At the other extreme, the very dense atmosphere of Venus makes the reduced buoyancy effect an order of magnitude more important than the effect of reduced gravitational acceleration, so that the apparent weight of an object increases with height in the Venusian atmosphere. In addition to deriving these intrinsic results (which are admittedly somewhat esoteric in nature), studying this problem presents students at the high-school or introductory undergraduate levels with an opportunity not only to develop a deeper appreciation of the underlying physics, but also to more fully appreciate the considerable power of parametric dimensional analyses in quickly and straightforwardly obtaining (here within a factor of two) a reasonably accurate solution to a problem. The degree to which that approximate solution is sufficiently interesting (and for this particular problem it turns out that the ‘sufficiently interesting’ threshold is indeed met) then informs whether or not a more rigorous mathematical approach is justified.
A 50 dB high-gain operational amplifier integrated with metal-oxide TFTs
Authors: Chen Jun-Rong , Xu Wen-Xing , Zuo Wen-Cai , Mei Xiang-Lin , Zhou Lei , Xu Miao , Wang Lei , Wu Wei-Jing , Liu Yu-Rong , Peng Jun-Biao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a 50 dB high-gain operational amplifier (OPAMP), which is fabricated by unipolar n-type indium–zinc–oxide thin-film transistors. Different positive feedback technologies are employed to achieve sufficient voltage gain. The fabricated OPAMP exhibits an open-loop voltage gain (A
v) of 50 dB over a −3 dB bandwidth of 15 kHz at the supply voltage of 20 V. The measured unity-gain frequency (f
UG) and the DC power consumption are 500 kHz and 8.07 mW, respectively. In addition, an effective frequency compensation scheme is also introduced and simulated. The simulation results that the proposed OPAMP has a voltage gain of 50 dB with 60° phase margin at 150 kHz unity-gain frequency after compensation.
Dynamic modeling of a fish tail actuated by IPMC actuator based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation
Authors: Li Liang , Guo Xian , Liu Ye , Zhang Dingguo , Liao Wei-Hsin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is a smart material with low driving voltage, high energy conversion, light weight and simple structure. It is suitable for driving the tail fin of small bionic fish. Actuators made of this material are quite flexible, and they are laborious to accurately describe the complex deformation of structures. Absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) has great merits in describing large deformation and large displacement problems. In this paper, the feasibility of ANCF in dynamic modeling of a fish tail actuated by IPMC actuator will be explored for the first time. The tail fin is simplified into two forms: a pure flexible IPMC beam and a hybrid beam that consists of an IPMC beam and a fixed rigid beam. The ANCF one-dimensional two-node beam element is adopted. Considering the influence of deformation curvature, the exact expression of generalized elastic force is obtained. The proposed dynamic model can describe the large deformation problem of the flexible beam. The dynamic responses of the pure IPMC beam tail fin and the hybrid tail fin driven by square wave voltage are calculated. The displacement changes of end nodes are compared, and the swing law under different driving voltage amplitude, frequency, and fluid resistance is analyzed. It is found that the driving efficiency of IPMC can be improved by increasing the driving voltage amplitude, reducing the voltage frequency, and reducing the fluid resistance in a certain range. This research would be beneficial to the study of the large swing motion mechanism of bionic robotic fish.
Bias-modulated switching in Chern insulator
Authors: Huang Yu , Sun Huimin , He Mengyun , Fu Yu , Zhang Peng , Wang Kang L , He Qing Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Chern insulator manifests itself via the surface quantized Hall current and magnetoelectric effect. The manipulation of surface magnetizations enables a control of the dissipationless chiral transport and thus allows for potential applications of topological magnetoelectric devices with low-energy consumption. Here, we present experimental studies of bias-modulated switching the magnetic states utilizing the magnetoelectric coupling in a Chern insulator. This is achieved via applying a d.c. bias across the source and drain at various magnetic states, during which an effective magnetic field is developed to switch the quantum anomalous Hall state towards its opposite. Comprehensive transport studies show that the switch efficiency is proportional to the amplitude and applying time of the bias, depends on the initial magnetic state, but is insensitive to the electric polarity. Our results provide an efficient scheme to manipulate the Chern insulator and understanding on the electric breakdown of chiral edge states.
Master equation approach for transport through Majorana zero modes
Authors: Jin Jinshuang , Li Xin-Qi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on an exact formulation, we present a master equation approach to transport through Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Within the master equation treatment, the occupation dynamics of the regular fermion associated with the MZMs holds a quite different picture from the Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) S-matrix scattering process, in which the ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ energy states are employed, while the master equation treatment does not involve them at all. Via careful analysis for the structure of the rates and the rate processes governed by the master equation, we reveal the intrinsic connection between both approaches. This connection enables us to better understand the confusing issue of teleportation when the Majorana coupling vanishes. We illustrate the behaviors of transient rates, occupation dynamics and currents. Through the bias voltage dependence, we also show the Markovian condition for the rates, which can extremely simplify the applications in practice. As future perspective, the master equation approach developed in this work can be applied to study important time-dependent phenomena such as photon-assisted tunneling through the MZMs and modulation effect of the Majorana coupling energy.
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation relieves depression in mice with chronic restraint stress
Authors: Zhu Yiyue , He Jiaru , Wu Canwen , Wu Junwei , Cheng Zhongwen , Chen Yan , Yuan Maodan , Zeng Lvming , Ji Xuanrong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective. Exhaustion of Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a typical cause of the depression disorder’s development and progression, including depression-like behaviors. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique treating various neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to investigate whether TUS ameliorates depression-like behaviors by restoring 5-HT levels. Methods. The depression model mice are established by chronic restraint stress (CRS). Ultrasound waves (FF = 1.1 MHz, PRF = 1000 Hz, TBD = 0.5 ms, SD = 1 s, ISI = 1 s, and DC = 50%) were delivered into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) for 30 min per day for 2 weeks. Depression-like behavior changes are evaluated with the sucrose preference and tail suspension tests. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry is performed to quantitatively detect the concentration of 5-HT in the DRN to explore its potential mechanism. The effectiveness and safety of TUS were assessed by c-Fos immunofluorescence and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, respectively. Results. Three weeks after CRS, 22 depressive mice models were screened by sucrose preference index (SPI). After 2 weeks of ultrasound stimulation of the DRN (DRN-TUS) in depressive mice, the SPI was increased (p = 0.1527) and the tail suspension immobility duration was significantly decreased (p = 0.0038) compared with the non-stimulated group. In addition, TUS significantly enhances the c-Fos (p = 0.05) positive cells’ expression and the 5-HT level (p = 0.0079) in the DRN. Importantly, HE staining shows no brain tissue damage. Conclusion. These results indicate that DRN-TUS has safely and effectively improved depression-like behaviors including anhedonia and hopelessness, potentially by reversing the depletion of 5-TH. Significance TUS may provide a new perspective on depression therapy, possibly through restoring monoamine levels.
Effect of Irradiation (SRFE) on MSM Photodetectors Device
Authors: Srithanachai Itsara , Sangwaranatee Narong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of high energy irradiation expose on metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors device. High energy radiation may impact to lattice structure of semiconductor device. The most impact of radiation on MSM device had been studied base on polycrystalline silicon. Based on our research in SRFE process exposed on P-N power device, radiation will interact with device mechanism and structure that change electrical properties of device. However, MSM device show electrical properties change after irradiation exposure process by photocurrent increased around 4 times when compare with non-irradiated.
Design of a Novel Wireless NoC Architecture for Chip Multiprocessor
Authors: Xin Yin , Song Guozhi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Network on chip is a new communication method of System on Chip. It is the main part of multi-core technology. A large number of embedded cores can be combined on a single chip. Due to the multi-hop characteristics of communication, there are some problems in the design of traditional NoC, such as high latency and power consumption. Thus, to handle the communication problem of long-distance transmission of traditional NoC, wireless Networks on Chip (WiNoC) has been proposed. Using WiNoC to design the multi-core System on Chip can significantly reduce the latency and energy consumption of the network. The advantage of using wireless network on chip is to replace the multi-hop path of traditional network on chip with wireless single hop link. However, due to the limited space on the chip and the cost, it is very important to determine the optimal number and correct location of wireless hubs. In this paper, we propose a new method to obtain the optimum configuration of a WiNoC by using the Co-evolutionary Algorithms (CA) and a wireless NoC architecture based on mesh. This work examines the effect of VC and sub-net size on WiNoC performance efficiency and energy under different packet injection rate (PIR) and the number of cores (64, 144 and 256). The simulation experiment of the algorithm proposed in the whole architecture has been implemented on the Noxim platform.
UK perspective research landscape for offshore renewable energy and its role in delivering Net Zero
Authors: Greaves Deborah , Jin Siya , Wong Puiwah , White Dave , Jeffrey Henry , Scott Beth , Wigg Ross 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper sets out the role of offshore renewable energy (ORE) in UK targets for Net Zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and provides a review of the research challenges that face the sector as it grows to meet these targets. The research challenges are set out in a Research Landscape that was established by the ORE Supergen Hub following extensive consultation with the ORE community. The challenges are divided into eight themes, each challenge is described, and current progress is summarised. The progress of the ORE sector in recent years has seen huge cost reductions, which have encouraged the great ambition for the sector seen in UK Government targets. However, in order to meet these critical targets and achieve Net Zero, further innovations and novel technologies will be needed and at pace, driven forward by new research and innovation. The strategy of the Supergen ORE Hub in framing the research and innovation activities within a community-developed research landscape and working together across disciplines and with close collaboration between academia and industry is a necessary component in achieving the ambition of sustainable energy generation.
Evaluation of the physical-mechanical properties of mortar with cement/‘Ndoor’ composite binder
Authors: Mabekou Takam Jeanne Sandrine , Signe Tatchuen Brice , Tchitnga Robert , Kouefouet Hervice , Talla Pierre Kisito 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of our work is to characterize a mortar with a cement/‘Ndoor’ composite binder. The ‘Ndoor’ of scientific name ‘Irvingia Gabonensis’ is a vegetal material used as food (glutinous sauce) in Nigeria and also in the region of the East, the South, the North-West and the South-West of Cameroon. It is in fact the kernels of wild mango. We determine experimentally the mechanical properties of a mortar modified by partial substitution of cement by an addition called ‘Ndoor’. In experimental campaign, we realize different formulations of mortar diversified by the dosage of cement and ‘Ndoor’, which were made in the form of prismatic specimens 4*4*16 cm3. Compression tests were carried out, which allowed us to obtain the values of compressive strength and tensile strength. The results show that the ‘Ndoor’ improves the development of the mechanical resistances at the young age especially for values of substitution of the order of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%. As a complement to the tests, a modeling having a predictive character of the elastic behavior of a mortar elastic behavior of a composite cement/‘Ndoor’ binder mortar is done. For this purpose, we have mortar has two phases: the hydrated cement paste and the inclusions (sand and ‘Ndoor’). The elastic properties of the cement paste are determined by the self-coherent homogenization model. Knowing the elastic properties of the cement paste and the inclusions, those of the mortar are deduced by the diluted scheme model of ESHELBY. The results show that, in the presence of the ‘Ndoor’, as the mass ratio e/c increases, the Young’s modulus of the modified mortar decreases.
Keys to accurate feature extraction using residual spiking neural networks
Authors: Vicente-Sola Alex , Manna Davide L , Kirkland Paul , Di Caterina Gaetano , Bihl Trevor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become an interesting alternative to conventional artificial neural networks (ANN) thanks to their temporal processing capabilities and energy efficient implementations in neuromorphic hardware. However, the challenges involved in training SNNs have limited their performance in terms of accuracy and thus their applications. Improving learning algorithms and neural architectures for a more accurate feature extraction is therefore one of the current priorities in SNN research. In this paper we present a study on the key components of modern spiking architectures. We design a spiking version of the successful residual network architecture and provide an in-depth study on the possible implementations of spiking residual connections. This study shows how, depending on the use case, the optimal residual connection implementation may vary. Additionally, we empirically compare different techniques in image classification datasets taken from the best performing networks. Our results provide a state of the art guide to SNN design, which allows to make informed choices when trying to build the optimal visual feature extractor. Finally, our network outperforms previous SNN architectures in CIFAR-10 (94.14%) and CIFAR-100 (74.65%) datasets and matches the state of the art in DVS-CIFAR10 (72.98%), with less parameters than the previous state of the art and without the need for ANN–SNN conversion. Code available at: https://github.com/VicenteAlex/Spiking_ResNet.