bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projection of age of individuals living with HIV and time since ART initiation in 2030: estimates for France
Authors: Marty Lise , Diawara Yakhara , Rachas Antoine , Grabar Sophie , Costagliola Dominique , Supervie Virginie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThanks to antiretroviral treatment (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) are living longer and ageing. However, ageing involves increased risks of co‐morbidities, which also depend on when PLHIV individuals started ART. To tackle the HIV age‐related upcoming challenges, knowledge of the current and future age structure of the HIV population is needed. Here, we forecast the demographic profile of the adult population living with diagnosed HIV (aPLdHIV) in France until 2030, accounting for the impact of the ART initiation period on mortality.MethodsWe used national data from the French Hospital Database on HIV (ANRS CO4‐FHDH) and a sample of the National Health Data System to, first, characterize the aPLdHIV in 2018 and estimate their mortality rates according to age, sex and ART initiation period. Second, we used national HIV surveillance data to define three scenarios for the numbers of newly diagnosed HIV cases over 2019–2030: 30% decrease in HIV cases (S1), status quo situation (S2) and epidemic elimination (S3). We then combined these data using a matrix model, to project the age structure of aPLdHIV and time since ART initiation.ResultsIn 2018, there was an estimated 161,125 aPLdHIV (33% women), of which 55% were aged 50 or older (50+), 22% aged 60+ and 8% aged 70+. In 2030, the aPLdHIV would grow to 195,246 for S1, 207,972 for S2 and 167,221 for S3. Whatever the scenario, in 2030, the estimated median time since ART initiation would increase and age distribution would shift towards older ages: with 65–72% aPLdHIV aged 50+, 42–48% 60+ and 17–19% 70+. This corresponds to ∼83,400 aPLdHIV (28% women) aged 60+, among which ∼69% started ART more than 20 years ago (i.e. before 2010) and ∼39% ≥30 years ago (i.e. before 2000), and to ∼33,100 aPLdHIV (27% women) aged 70+, among which ∼72% started ART ≥20 years ago and ∼43% ≥30 years ago.ConclusionsBy 2030, in France, close to 20% of the aPLdHIV will be aged 70+, of which >40% would have started ART more than 30 years ago. These estimates are essential to adapt co‐morbidities screening and anticipate resource provision in the aged care sector.
Sarcopenia in people living with HIV in Hong Kong: which definition correlates with health outcomes?
Authors: Luk Fion Wing Lam , Li Timothy , Ho Hang Yee , Chan Yin Yan , Cheung Siu King , Wong Vickie , Kwok Timothy Chi Yui , Lui Grace 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionSarcopenia is an important clinical syndrome in older people living with HIV (PLWH). With a change to the Asia sarcopenia definition in 2019, we aimed to determine whether health outcomes were associated with different definitions of sarcopenia among Asian PLWH.MethodsWe performed a prospective cross‐sectional study enrolling PLWH aged ≥35 years from January 2018 to November 2021. We defined sarcopenia by the Asia Working Group of Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria in 2014 and 2019. AWGS‐2014 included low muscle mass plus weak handgrip strength and/or slow gait speed. AWGS‐2019 included low muscle mass plus low muscle strength or physical performance, while the presence of all defines severe sarcopenia. We measured appendicular skeletal muscle mass using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, handgrip strength, usual gait speed, five‐time chair stand test and Short Physical Performance Battery. Correlations between each sarcopenia definition and health‐related quality of life (using EQ‐5D‐5L and SF‐36) and functional disability were determined.ResultsOne hundred and fifty Asian PLWH were enrolled, 132 (88%) were male, mean age was 60±10 years, duration of HIV diagnosis was 13 (IQR 8–18) years and current CD4 count was 574 (IQR 362–762) cells/mm3, 67 (45%) had multimorbidity, 64 (43%) had polypharmacy. Prevalence of sarcopenia by AWGS‐2014, AWGS‐2019 and severe sarcopenia was 17.3%, 27.3% and 18.0%, respectively. Age, education and polypharmacy were associated with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia (AWGS‐2014) and severe sarcopenia were associated with mobility, physical functioning and physical component score (SF‐36). All three criteria were associated with impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). After age and sex adjustment, sarcopenia (AWGS‐2014) (adjusted odds ratio/aOR 5.4, 95% confidence interval/CI 2.0–15.1) and severe sarcopenia (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 1.9–14.0) were associated with mobility and physical component score (SF‐36) (β coefficients –5.3342, p = 0.022 and –5.412, p = 0.019). Sarcopenia (AWGS 2014) (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7–16.2), sarcopenia (AWGS‐2019) (aOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.5–13.1) and severe sarcopenia (aOR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–10.9) were associated with impaired IADL in fully adjusted models.ConclusionsIn a sample of Asian PLWH, 17.3%, 27.3% and 18.0% had sarcopenia as defined by AWGS‐2014, AWGS‐2019 and severe sarcopenia, respectively. Sarcopenia by AWGS‐2014 and severe sarcopenia correlated with parameters of poor health outcomes, while sarcopenia by AWGS‐2019 correlated with functional disability.
Nonlinear modeling and digital predistortion for HF transmitters with harmonic cancelation
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Wenhua , Chen Xiaofan , Ghannouchi Fadhel M. , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh frequency (HF) transmitters implemented with the multi‐octave power amplifier (PA) are always faced with the problem of interfering harmonics because of the nonlinearity of the PA. In this paper, the harmonic cancelation digital predistortion (HC‐DPD) scheme is proposed and well discussed to cancel the in‐band intermodulation distortion (IMD) as well as out‐of‐band harmonics at the same time. With the digital filter‐less scheme, the bulky and lossy filter banks can be removed. Nonlinear models are first utilized to approximate the nonlinear behavior of the HF PA and compared in terms of the model accuracy. Then, the learning architecture, model identification, and feedback compensation of the HC‐DPD scheme are detailed discussed. Finally, a series of simulations and experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear models and linearization algorithms.
Prediction of Neonatal Growth Restriction in Fetuses With Gastroschisis by Early Third Trimester Ultrasonography Utilizing Contemporary Birth Weight Percentiles
Authors: McKenna Madeline , McKenna David , Zhou Ming , Sonek Jiri , Wiegand Samantha 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the estimated fetal weight (EFW) formula and threshold for the optimal prediction of fetal growth restriction (FGR) at 26–34 weeks' in fetuses with gastroschisis.MethodsLate second and third trimester ultrasound data were used to calculate the EFW utilizing eight different formulas: Hadlock I‐IV, Honarvar, Shepard, Siemer, and Warsof. EFW and birth weight percentiles were assigned from US population growth curves. FGR and small for gestational age (SGA) were defined as EFW and birth weight less than the tenth percentile for gestational age; Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare formula performance for FGR diagnosis at 26–34 weeks' to identify an SGA birth weight.ResultsThere were 170 newborns with gastroschisis; 46 (27%) were SGA. The mean gestational age at the time of ultrasound was 30.8 ± 1.7 weeks. The mean gestational age at birth was 36.3 ± 1.7 weeks. ROC curve analysis found the Hadlock III formula had the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.813 closely followed by Hadlock IV (AUC = 0.811) and Hadlock II (AUC = 0.808) for diagnosis of FGR correlating to neonatal SGA diagnosis. Hadlock II, Hadlock III, and Hadlock IV had the highest diagnostic accuracies when compared to the other EFW formulas.ConclusionsThe Hadlock II, Hadlock III, and Hadlock IV formulas have comparable predictive performance in the optimal identification of FGR in fetuses with gastroschisis at 26–34 weeks'. A threshold of an EFW less than the 25.2th percentile is suggested.
Digitale Bildung: Kein Zusatz, sondern Basis
Authors: Thoms Lars‐Jochen , Becker Sebastian , Bruckermann Till , Finger Alexander , Huwer Johannes , Kremser Erik , Meier Monique , Thyssen Christoph , von Kotzebue Lena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFür eine digitale Transformation der chemischen Industrie sind Fachkräfte mit umfassenden Kompetenzen unabdingbar. Die Grundlagen fachbezogener digitaler Bildung werden bereits in der Schule gelegt. Die Lehrkräftebildung ist hierfür neu auszurichten.
Wie innovativ ist die Chemie?
Authors: Hahn Karl , Jahn Dieter , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAufgabe der Hochschulforschung ist der Erkenntnisgewinn. Daraus können auch patentierbare Erfindungen entstehen. Eine Innovation bedarf darüber hinaus eines Mehrwerts am Markt. Inkrementelle und Sprunginnovationen sind nach ihrer Entstehung und ihren Konsequenzen klar zu unterscheiden. Mehr und mehr wird Innovation auch aus der Hochschule angestrebt, etwa über Start‐ups.
Chemiedidaktik: Bremser und Beschützer – das Antioxidans Hydroxytyrosol
Authors: Diekemper Dominik , Schwarzer Stefan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractKosmetikprodukte aus Olivenöl werden oft als Radikalfänger beworben. Eine Erweiterung des Schulexperimentierkoffers von Wacker enthält nun den Wirkstoff, Hydroxytyrosol. Mit einfachen Schulversuchen lassen sich dessen Eigenschaften untersuchen.
Die Geschichte der Glasgeräte: Das geteilte Rohr
Authors: Friedrich Rainer , Gros Leo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMit Beginn der Industrialisierung im 18. Jahrhundert entstand die Nachfrage nach Qualitätskontrollen und damit nach Maßanalyse. Parallel dazu verbesserten sich die Herstellprozesse für Glasrohre – denn präzise Rohre waren die Voraussetzung für Pipetten und Büretten.
Trendbericht Makromolekulare Chemie 2022
Authors: Gröschel André , Brendel Johannes C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractÜber Polymere, die Wirkstoffe freisetzen, Zerfallsprozesse und Stabilität von Kunststoffen, biobasierte Lösungsmittel und Atomeffizienz in der Kunststoffproduktion, Monomere aus Zucker und Polymere für die Elektrochemie, für neue Membranen und für elektrochemische Speicher, als Kathodenmaterialien oder Elektrolyte.
Nachruf: Armin Meisel (1926 – 2022)
Authors: Szargan Rüdiger , Streubel Peter , Beyer Lothar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAm 16. April 2022 starb Armin Meisel, emeritierter Professor der Universität Leipzig und Nestor der Röntgen‐ und Photoelektronenspektroskopie.
CHanalysis 2022 – zurück in die Zukunft
Authors: Bleiner Davide , Suter Marc , Bakker Eric 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn Beatenberg bei Bern veranstaltete Ende Mai die Division der Analytischen Wissenschaften (DAS) der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft – nach einer pandemiebedingten Unterbrechung von zwei Jahren – ihre jährliche Tagung „CHanalysis“. Die zweitägige Veranstaltung hatte rund 70 Teilnehmende der schweizerischen Akademia und Industrie. Neben eingeladenen Vorträgen stellten Doktoranden ihre Forschung vor, und eine Postersession rundete das Programm ab.
Examination of pediatric tube feeding schedules and oral intake: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Waddle Caitlin , Gillespie Scott E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundA common treatment goal for children dependent on enteral feeding is to advance oral nutrition intake and decrease enteral feeding dependence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between tube feeding schedule and oral intake in feeding tube–dependent children diagnosed with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).MethodsA retrospective chart review was completed including 76 tube‐dependent children with ARFID between the ages of 1 and 14 years who were evaluated by a registered dietitian, in conjunction with a multidisciplinary feeding team, during January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019. Eligible participants were diagnosed with ARFID and receiving enteral nutrition via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube during the time of evaluation. The participants were categorized into groups according to tube feeding schedule type (bolus vs. overnight continuous) and further stratified by severity of oral motor deficit, as documented by the speech language pathologist or occupational therapist: none/mild and moderate/severe. The exclusion criteria included children aged <1 year, appetite stimulant listed as an active medication, overnight enteral feeding infusion of >12 h, or calculated percentage of calories from oral intake not specified. The primary study outcome was dichotomized percentage of oral intake, >0% vs 0%.ResultsFollowing adjustment for confounders, this retrospective chart review showed statistically higher odds of percentage of oral intake >0% in ARFID patients receiving overnight continuous enteral feeding schedules (odds ratio = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.83, P = 0.027).ConclusionA bolus feeding schedule may not promote oral intake in feeding tube–dependent children diagnosed with ARFID.
Self‐reported unsafe medication behaviour among clinical nurses in China: A nationwide survey
Authors: Qin Ning , Shi Shuangjiao , Duan Yinglong , Zhong Zhuqing , Xiang Guliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimUnsafe medication behaviour was the direct cause of medication error, while the current status of unsafe medication behaviour among Chinese clinical nurses remains uncertain. To investigate unsafe medication behaviour among Chinese nurses and to analyse its associated factors.DesignA cross‐sectional online study was conducted in 31 provinces and municipalities of mainland China.MethodsThe electronic self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data from July–August 2020, including demographic information (age, gender, initial degree, ultimate education degree, hospital levels, unit nature, professional position, duty, departments, working years and working regions) and an adapted nurse unsafe medication behaviour scale measuring self‐reported nurse unsafe medication behaviour (SR‐NUMB). A generalized linear mixed model was applied to determine the influencing factors.ResultsA total of 10,153 Chinese nurses responded online, and 7,873 responses that met the time control requirements were included finally. It turned out that 80.49% of Chinese nurses had SR‐NUMB. Specifically, 72.81% of them had unsafe medication behaviours in the process of medication administration, followed by medication monitoring (53.09%), medication preservation and dispensing (47.42%), and medical order processing (44.53%). A generalized linear mixed model demonstrated that male nurses and nurses who work in secondary hospitals or general hospitals, those who have higher professional positions or duties, those who have been working for 5–10 years, and those who are working in emergency and intensive critical units may have higher level of SR‐NUMB compared to other nurses.ConclusionSuboptimal SR‐NUMB among Chinese nurses was identified in our findings. Associated factors, such as gender, hospital levels, unit nature, professional position, duty, working years and departments, should be targeted in future prevention and intervention efforts for safe medication management among Chinese nurses.
Perceived professional benefits and associated factors among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Chen Feifei , Dai Pengfei , Lin Xingfeng , Qi Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsTo examine the perceived professional benefits (PPB) and associated factors among nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in China.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsUsing the snowball sampling method, 492 nurses (478 females, 14 males) were recruited. Data were collected using an online survey, including participants' socio‐demographic and working characteristics, psychological distress related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, dealing with professional frustration, professional self‐reflection and PPB from 1–30 April 2020.ResultsNurses experienced high levels of PPB. In linear regression analysis, self‐perceived concerns about COVID‐19, emotional shock caused by it, risk perception towards their occupations, dealing with professional frustration and professional self‐reflection were positively associated with PPB among nurses. These factors explained 84% variance in PPB.ConclusionsThis study highlighted that although the nurses experienced psychological distress, they gained high PPB during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, to facilitate nurses' efforts to achieve professional growth, more educational resources and opportunities for engaging in reflective practices could be provided.
Moisture absorption characterization of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer using Fickian and non‐Fickian models
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Xing Ping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThree classic moisture absorption models including the Fickian model, the Langmuir and the time‐variable diffusion model were adopted to describe the absorption behavior of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates in this work. A new non‐Fickian model based on the two‐phase absorption rule was proposed by introducing the equivalent absorption time into the Langmuir model. Experiments of accelerated moisture absorption were conducted for CFRP laminates with different lay‐ups under three temperatures. Moisture uptaking performance of the CFRP laminates was discussed. Preliminary data analysis of the moisture absorption content showed the existence of non‐Fickian diffusion behavior. Four numerical models were implemented into Matlab by combining the Gauss‐Newton algorithm with minimum mean square error. Effects of the environment temperature and the lay‐ups of the laminates on the diffusion process of water molecules in CFRP. The results demonstrated that the modified time‐variable Langmuir model shows the best fitting performance. The diffusion coefficient and equilibrium moisture uptake increased with the environment temperature. Water diffusion coefficients in monotonous ply‐structure is larger than that in multi‐angle plys.
Lung ultrasound assessment of pulmonary edema in neonates with chronic lung disease before and after diuretic therapy
Authors: Kasniya Gangajal , Weinberger Barry , Cerise Jane , Pulju Margaret , Boyar Vitaliya , Frunza Florin , Kurepa Dalibor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by lung injury with varying degrees of disrupted alveolarization, vascular remodeling, inflammatory cell proliferation, and pulmonary edema. Diuretics are often used to ameliorate the symptoms or progression of BPD. Our primary objective was to use lung ultrasound (LUS) to determine if diuretics decrease pulmonary edema in infants with BPD. The secondary objective was to assess changes in respiratory support during the first week after initiation of diuretics.MethodsPremature infants requiring noninvasive respiratory support and starting diuretic therapy for evolving BPD were compared with a similar group of infants not receiving diuretics (control). For the diuretic group, LUS exams were performed before and on Days 1, 3, and 6 after initiation of treatment. For the control group, LUS was performed at equivalent time points. A composite pulmonary edema severity (PES) score of 0–5 was calculated based on the total number of B‐lines in six scanned areas. Respiratory support parameters (FiO2, nasal cannula flow, or CPAP) were also recorded.ResultsInfants in the diuretic (n = 28) and control (n = 23) groups were recruited at median corrected gestational ages of 34.2 (33.3–35.9) and 34.0 (33.4–36.3) weeks, respectively (p = 0.82). PES scores, FiO2, and respiratory flow support decreased significantly from Days 0 to 6 (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.01, respectively) in the diuretic group, but not in the control group.ConclusionDiuretic use is associated with decreased pulmonary edema and improved oxygenation in infants with BPD during the first week of treatment.
Elevating herbivore‐induced JA‐Ile enhances potato resistance to the polyphagous beet armyworm but not to the oligophagous potato tuber moth
Authors: Li Yi , Tang Jinxiang , Qi Yuechen , Yang Fei , Su Xiaohang , Fu Jun , Han Xiaonv , He Caihua , Xu Youxian , Zhan Kang , Xia Haibin , Wu Jinsong , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe oligophagous potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, and the polyphagous beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua, are two destructive pests of potato, and infestations can lead to serious reduction in potato yield. However, potato plant responses to the two herbivories are only poorly understood. Endogenous jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) is a signal responsible for the induction of plant anti‐herbivore defenses. Elevation of JA‐Ile by blocking its catabolism is considered to be an effective and sustainable approach to enhance plant resistance to insect pests. However, it is not clear whether this approach can enhance potato resistance to PTM and BAW.ResultsWe demonstrated that the transcriptional changes induced by simulated PTM and BAW feeding overlap to a large extent, and that 81.5% of the PTM‐ and 90.5% of the BAW‐responsive genes were commonly regulated. We also generated potato transgenic lines, irStCYP94B3s, in which the three JA‐Ile hydroxylases were all simultaneously silenced. These lines exhibited enhanced resistance only to BAW, but not to PTM, although levels of JA‐Ile and its downstream induced defensive chemicals, including caffeoylputrescine, dicaffeoylspermidine, lyciumoside II, and the nicotianosides I, II, and VII, were all present at higher levels in PTM‐infested than in BAW‐infested irStCYP94B3s lines.ConclusionOur results provide support for the hypothesis that StCYP94B3 genes are able to act as potential targets for the control of polyphagous insect pests in potato, and reveal that the oligophagous PTM has evolved an effective mechanism to cope with JA‐Ile‐induced anti‐herbivore defenses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
An aging‐intensity‐function‐based parameter estimation method on heavily censored data
Authors: Jiang Renyan , Cao Yu , Qi Faqun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBuilding life distribution models of key components of a product is a basic reliability problem. When the data for modeling are heavily censored, the conventional estimation methods such as maximum likelihood method and least square method are no longer applicable. Several approaches have addressed this issue and innovative methods are still needed. This paper presents such a method. It is based on aging intensity function (AIF) of a distribution. The proposed method consists of two main steps. In the first step, a semi‐parametric method is used to estimate the empirical AIF, which is further transformed into the shape parameter values. These values are then fitted to a distribution, from which the point and interval estimates of the shape parameter are obtained. In the second step, the point estimate of the shape parameter is fixed and a single parameter maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the scale parameter. Two examples that involve six datasets are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method has an excellent performance in terms of simplicity, generality, accuracy, and unbiasedness.