bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research of Frequency Characteristics of Middle Ear Ossicles Implants
Authors: Naida Mykyta Srhiiovych 
Published: June 2022

The paper considers the means to restore human hearing in cases where hearing impairment does not affect the auditory nerve. Then the restoration of hearing is carried out by tympanoplasty - by replacing (restoring) the eardrum or chain of auditory ossicles. The paper examines implants made of bioreplaceable materials that differ greatly in their mechanical properties. Therefore, for the individual selection of ossicular implants in tympanoplasty, a physical model of implants was developed. Based on it, such an important parameter of implants as the value of their resonant frequencies is determined. It was found that the first resonant frequency for a cartilage implant is 61.1 MHz, and for a titanium implant - 487.2 MHz. The paper also compares the theoretical values of the resonant frequencies of implants with the experimental results of their measurement using the original installation. The acoustic part of the experimental setup was an electroacoustic emitter placed on an acoustic vibration absorber (paralon) and a sensitive microphone placed on a counterweight to reduce the pressure on the oscillary prosthesis during measurements and fix it. Signal from the laptop was fed to amplify the input of the audio interface, and from its output signal was sent to the electroacoustic emitter. Between the electroacoustic emitter and the microphone, through the additionally developed and manufactured duralumin nozzles, which provided the introduction of sound vibrations in the prosthesis at angles of 15, 30, 45, 60, a sample of the oscillary prosthesis was recorded. With the help of the installation, the transfer coefficients of samples of ossicular prostheses made of Teflon, titanium, cartilage and bone tissues were measured and compared. It is established that for high frequencies the level of transmission coefficients decreases faster with increasing angle than for low ones, due to the increase in the acoustic size of prostheses with increasing frequency. Also due to the general decrease in the signal level with increasing angle, you can see a decrease with a center frequency of 1 kHz. It is established that at the angle of incidence of the acoustic wave 30, for all samples of prostheses, at a frequency of 4 kHz there is a rise in frequency response. Moreover, for a titanium prosthesis, the value of the transmission coefficient at an angle of incidence of 30 at this frequency exceeds the value of the direct incidence of the acoustic wave.
A climatic classification of the world’s wine regions
Authors: Puga German , Anderson Kym , Jones Gregory , Doko Tchatoka Firmin , Umberger Wendy 
Published: June 2022

Using a dataset with 16 climate variables for locations representing 813 wine regions that cover 99 % of the world’s winegrape area, we employ principal component analysis (PCA) for data reduction and cluster analysis for grouping similar regions. The PCA resulted in three components explaining 89 % of the variation in the data, with loadings that differentiate between locations that are warm/dry from cool/wet, low from high diurnal temperature ranges, low from high nighttime temperatures during ripening, and low from high vapour pressure deficits. The cluster analysis, based on these three principal components, resulted in three clusters defining wine regions globally, with the results showing that premium wine regions can be found across each of the climate types. This is, to our knowledge, the first such classification of virtually all of the world’s wine regions. However, with both climate change and an increasing preference for premium relative to non-premium wines, many of the world’s winegrowers may need to change their mixes of varieties, or source more of their grapes from more appropriate climates.
Effects on Lower Extremity Perfusion When the Lower Extremity Extracorporeal Distal Revascularization (LEEDR) System is Used for Arterial Shunting
Authors: Treffalls Rebecca N , Stonko David P , Edwards Joseph , Abdou Hossam , Lang Eric , Walker Patrick , Morrison Jonathan J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Traumatic injuries to the pelvis, extremities, or extremity vessels have improved outcomes when there is early restoration of perfusion (Laverty et al, Hancock et al). An ex-vivo shunting device, such as the Lower Extremity Extracorporeal Distal Revascularization (LEEDR) system, offers a potential solution to perfuse an ischemic limb in situations where definitive repair is not available, or transfer or delay is inevitable. A large animal model is required to optimize the surgical technique and management strategies. Acknowledging the morphological differences between bipeds and quadrupeds (Edwards et al), the aim of this study is to use a model of prolonged extremity ischemia to determine whether a LEEDR system can be used to mitigate ischemia by reducing compartment pressures and the need for fasciotomies following reperfusion. We sought to develop a method where an extracorporeal shunt from the contralateral common femoral artery to the ipsilateral tibial artery in the setting of limb ischemia to provide distal perfusion. Following a period of controlled ischemia, we developed a model with a low resistance circuit and 150 mL/min pump to perfuse an ischemic extremity at a distal point utilizing the contralateral proximal femoral vessel as outflow.
The effects of bicarbonated versus acetated Ringer's solutions on acid-base status and kidney injury following orthotopic liver transplantation: protocol for a single-centre, randomised controlled trial (The BETTER trial)
Authors: Lv Cheng , Ke Lu , Zhou Bin , Lin Jiajia , Sun Lingling , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Donghua , Ding Yuan , Sun Rong , Zhang Jie , Zhang Li , Zhou Chuyao , Wang Xuan , Li Baiqiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The ideal crystalloid fluid of choice for fluid therapy during liver transplantation is unknown. Previous studies showed that balanced solutions, compared with normal saline, could prevent metabolic acidosis and protect renal function in critically ill patients. However, conventional balanced crystalloids are buffered with organic anions, which requires liver metabolism to exert chloride-restrictive effects, therefore they can not function properly during liver transplantation. On the contrary, the bicarbonated Ringer’s solution(BRS) can maintain acid-base status regardless of liver function, but no comparison was made before in patients undergoing liver transplantation. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that, in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, compared with acetated Ringer’s solutions(ARS), perioperative fluid therapy with BRS could better maintain the acid-base status.
Methods
This is a prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Eligible patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio stratified by the surgical methods adopted (classical orthotopic liver transplantation vs. piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation) to receive either BRS or ARS perioperatively. The primary endpoint is the difference of standard base excess(SBE) before and after operation. Secondary endpoints include the incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI) within 48 hours post operation and free and alive days to day 14 for intensive care admission, invasive ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy(RRT).
Discussion
Metabolic acidosis is common perioperatively, potentially leading to decreased renal blood flow and reduced glomerular filtration rate. The use of balanced solutions can prevent hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, thereby avoiding AKI in some patients. However, during liver transplantation, when well-functioning liver metabolism is lacking, the organic anions in conventional balanced solutions may remain strong anions and thus fail to maintain the acid-base status, but no solid clinical evidence exists by now. This study will, for the first time, provide evidence on the relative effects of BRS versus ARS on acid-base status and renal injury in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Trial registration:
The trial has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2100046889) on May 29th, 2021.
An Optimized Energy Aware Load Balancing Routing Protocol for Software Defined Network
Authors: Shivakeshi Choupiri , B Sreepathi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Software-Defined Network (SDN) has a possible pathway to overcoming resource management complexities. The Energy-aware (EA) routing protocol has been adopted and functioned in many network applications. However, the chief problem in this protocol is high energy consumption and collision. So, to improve the performance of routing protocol in SDN, the current work has designed a novel Buffalo-based Energy-Aware Duty Cycle Routing (BEADCR) protocol to diminish energy usage. Here, buffalo fitness monitors the high energy-consuming nodes and removes them. Moreover, the data rate of each node was observed, and the zero data rate nodes were considered as rest nodes. In addition, to avoid a collision, the data overhead of each node was monitored, and the migration function was performed to share the high load with the rest nodes by activating the presented BEADCR model. This improves performance by gaining high monitoring accuracy, less energy consumption, high packet-delivery ratio (PDR), high throughput ratio, and high energy efficiency. Further, the result obtained is compared with other existing models to determine the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Artificial intelligence in medical education: A cross-sectional needs assessment
Authors: Civaner M. Murat , Uncu Yesim , Bulut Filiz , Chalil Esra Giounous , Tatlı Abdulhamit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: As the information age wanes, enabling the prevalence of the artificial intelligence age; expectations, responsibilities, and job definitions need to be redefined for those who provide services in healthcare. This study examined the perceptions of future physicians on the possible influences of artificial intelligence on medicine, and to determine the needs that might be helpful for curriculum restructuring. Methods: A cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted among medical students country-wide, where 3,018 medical students participated. The instrument of the study was an online survey that was designed and distributed via a web-based service.Results: Most of the medical students perceived artificial intelligence as an assistant technology that could facilitate physicians’ access to information (85.8%) and patients to healthcare (76.7%), reduces errors (%70.5). However, half of the participants were worried about the possible reduction in the services of physicians, which could lead to unemployment (44.9%). Furthermore, it was agreed that using artificial intelligence in medicine could devalue the medical profession (58.6%), damage trust (45.5%), negatively affect patient-physician relationships (42.7%). Moreover, nearly half of the participants affirmed that they could protect their professional confidentiality when using artificial intelligence applications (44.7%); whereas, 16.1% argued that artificial intelligence in medicine might cause violations of professional confidentiality. Of all the participants, only 6.0% stated that they were competent enough to inform patients about the features and risks of artificial intelligence. They further expressed that their educational gaps regarding their need for “knowledge and skills related to artificial intelligence applications” (96.2%), “applications for reducing medical errors” (95.8%), and “training to prevent and solve ethical problems that might arise as a result of using artificial intelligence applications” (93.8%). Conclusions: The participants expressed a need for an update on the medical curriculum, according to necessities in transforming healthcare driven by artificial intelligence. The update should revolve around equipping future physicians with the knowledge and skills to effectively make use of artificial intelligence applications, as well as to ensure that professional values and rights are protected.
Fucoidan functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles (Fu/CeO2NPs): A multidimensional investigation
Authors: Kandasamy KARTHIKEYAN , Manikandan Dinesh Babu , Kumpati Premkumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nanotechnology is an expanded branch of current research that involves the production and customization of particle structures with typical sizes of less than 100nm for various uses. A large area of surface to volume ratio was related with minimum surface functionalization, resulting in nanostructured metal oxide nanoparticles with outstanding biomedical characteristics. Cerium oxide (CeO2) is the most approachable rare earth metal oxide due to its selective nature. In this first time reported that the nature of fucoidan functionalized Cerium oxide nanoparticles were determined by using UV-Vis, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, FT-IR, XRD and XPS spectroscopic examination. The CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs have been effectively cause cell wall damage of pathogenic bacteria E.coli and S.aureus. In-vitro antioxidant activities were showed significant results were obtained CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity assay of CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs have been treated against A549 (lung) and Hela (cervical) cancer cells. Furthermore, cell morphological changes have analysed by using fluorescent microscopic staining techniques like AO/EB, Hoechst and JC-1. Fu/CeO2NPs have more effectively degraded the carcinogenic dye Congo red under sunlight. The present investigation of CeO2NPs and Fu/CeO2NPs as a novel theranostic platform for bacterial/cancer treatment.
Comparison of Radiographic Appearances of Covid-19 Pneumonia and Influenza Pneumonia
Authors: Gitau Samuel Nguku , Nganga Edward C , Kareithi Paul , Shah Jasmit , Adam Rodney 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) first discovered in December 2019 has infected over 400 million people worldwide with over 5 million deaths as of February 2022. Differentiation of the imaging appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia and the endemic seasonal influenza pneumonia is clinically important as it may help give direction on patient care. The aim of this study was to evaluate for differences in radiographic appearances of COVID-19 pneumonia and influenza pneumonia.
Methods
This was a cross sectional descriptive study comparing patterns of pneumonia on radiographs and CT examinations of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and influenza pneumonia. The comparisons included the predominant radiographic pattern of pneumonia (alveolar, interstitial, ground glass or nodular) and the extent of pneumonia (lobar, multi-lobar or diffuse involvement). The radiographic severity of disease was classified as mild, moderate or severe based on extent of lung involvement.
Results
A total of 99 examinations were reviewed, 52 chest x-rays and 47 CT chest examinations. Ground glass opacification had the highest sensitivity (89.5%) and negative predictive value (72.7%) in identification of COVID-19 pneumonia while reticulonodular opacities had the highest sensitivity (53.3%) and negative predictive value (68.2%) for identification of influenza pneumonia. The majority (90.9%) of Influenza pneumonia cases had lower CORADS scores of 2 and 3.
Conclusion
The predominant radiographic pattern in COVID-19 pneumonia was ground glass opacities while that for influenza pneumonia was reticulonodular opacities. This may help differentiate between the two pneumonias which can have similar clinical presentation but often variable severity and outcome.
The Effect of Methylated Lithocholic Acid on Plasma Membrane Properties: The Difference with the Effect of Cholesterol
Authors: Iwasaki Tomoyuki , Endo Nobuyuki , Nakayama Yuta , Kamei Toshiyuki , Nakamura Hidemi , Hayashi Keita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Bile acids form micelles that are essential for absorbing dietary lipids. However, excessive amounts of bile acid micelles may disrupt the plasma membrane by removing phospholipids, resulting in cell death. We hypothesized that the bent geometrical structure of the steroid scaffold of bile acids decreases lipid order (similar to unsaturated phospholipids with cis double bonds), disrupting the plasma membrane. Here, lithocholic acid (LCA), a bile acid, was methylated to prevent micellization. Methylated lithocholic acid (Me-LCA) was mixed with a thin phase-separated lipid layer comprising 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and cholesterol (Chol). Me-LCA was localized not in the gel phase but in the liquid crystalline phase and excess Me-LCA did not affect phase separation. Me-LCA was distributed in the plasma membrane and the organelle membranes. However, the Me-LCA did not affect the membrane properties, membrane fluidity, and hydrophobicity of liposomes composed of DOPC, DPPC and Chol, and it did not affect proliferation. These results suggest that the removal of phospholipids from the plasma membrane by bile acid micelles mainly contributes to cell death.
Plasma derived phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Feng Liang , He Haijun , Xiong Xi , Xia Kai , Qian Shuangjie , Ye Qianqian , Feng Feifei , Zhou Shuoting , Liu Yiming , xie Chenglong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) regulates mitochondrial dynamics and programmed cell death, which relates to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to examine whether plasma PGAM5 was a biomarker for PD diagnosis, and whether which was associated with the severity of motor or nonmotor manifestations of PD.Methods: Our data enrolled 124 patients of PD (PD group) and 50 healthy controls (HC group) , baseline characteristics of both groups were collected. We measured plasma PGAM5 levels with a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA). PD group received evaluations at baseline with the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS); Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Hamilton depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), the Rating Scale of RBDQ-HK and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) were finished both PD group and HC group. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of plasma PAMG5 alone and PAMG5 combined with other factors for PD diagnosis.Results: We found plasma PGAM5 levels were significantly higher in the patients with PD than HC groups, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.76. In terms of the subgroup analysis, the AUC for the elder subjects (＞60 years old) was 0.78, and for patients without hypertension was 0.79. Of note, when combined with plasma oligomeric α-synuclein (α-syn), AUC was 0.80; while combined with the score of the RBDQ-HK with an AUC of 0.82. Plasma PAMG5 levels were connected to PD independently in a multivariable logistic analysis (odds ratio,1.875 [95% CI 1.206-2.916], p=0.005), but showed no correlation with the severity of motor and other nonmotor manifestations of PD. Conclusions: Plasma PGAM5 was an independent biomarker for PD, aiding to distinguish PD from healthy controls, especially among those elder (＞60 years old) and patients without hypertension. The predictive value of PGAM5 would be elevated when combined with plasma oligomeric α-syn or the Rating Scale of RBDQ-HK.
FAM19A5 is an independent prognostic biomarker in thyroid cancer
Authors: Luan Shoujing , Li Jian , Qin Shanshan , Yuan Haiqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aim: In this study, we aim to explore whether FAM19A5 could be a new target for diagnosis and prognostic of patients with thyroid cancer.Method: We obtained and analysis data from TCGA database by using R software (version 3.5.1). The boxplot was used to analyze the pattern of FAM19A5 expression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate diagnostic value of FAM19A5 expression in thyroid cancer. Fisher’s exact and chi-squared tests were used to analyze relationship between FAM19A5 expression and clinical pathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis were used to explore the prognostic role of FAM19A5 in thyroid cancer.Results: We observed that FAM19A5 was upregulated in thyroid cancer and was associated with patients’. ROC curve showed that FAM19A5 expression had good clinical diagnostic value. Our results also revealed that FAM19A5 expression was associated with histological type, stage, T classification, M classification, and vital status. High FAM19A5 patients have poor prognosis in term of OS and DSS. FAM19A5 was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer.Conclusion: FAM19A5 could serves as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer
Endoscopic and histopathological hints on infections in patients of common variable immunodeficiency disorder with gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Chen Yang , You Yan , Li Ji , Yang Aiming , Zhou Weixun , Li Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) patients could have gastrointestinal (GI) involvement and suffer from infections yet remain poorly understood. The study aims were to assess the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological features of CVID patients with GI symptoms and their relationship with infections. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of 22 CVID patients with GI symptoms and endoscopic examinations at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2000 and 2020. Clinical features, infections, endoscopic and histopathological images were reassessed Results Chronic diarrhea was the commonest GI symptom occurred in 21/22(95.5%) patients in our CVID cohort. Over 80% patients had low body weight and malabsorption. Accordingly, small bowel villous atrophy was observed in 90.9% patients under endoscopy and mostly confirmed by histopathology. GI infections were found in 10 (45.5%) patients. 7 patients with diffuse and obvious nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of small bowel under endoscopy had significantly higher infection rate (85.7% vs 26.7%, p<0.05), especially with giardia and bacteria. Small bowel biopsies showed 90.5% patients lacked plasma cells and 57.1% patients had increased intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), but not significantly different between GI infectious and non-infectious group. After intravenous immunoglobulin and anti-infection therapy most patients got better except one died of EBV ulcers massive bleeding. Conclusions CVID could involve GI tract especially the small bowel. Obvious NLH under endoscopy could be a hint for GI infection. Comprehensive endoscopic and histopathological evaluations might help to recognize CVID diagnosis and the possibility of co-infection leading to more proper treatment.