bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the utilization of community-based primary health care implementation research in Ghana
Authors: Awoonor-Williams John Koku , Phillips James F , Aboba Mathias , Vadrevu Lalitha , Azasi Esther , Tiah Janet Awopole Yepakeh , Schmitt Margaret L , Patel Sneha , Sheff Mallory C , Kachur S Patrick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ever since the 1990s, implementation research in Ghana has guided the development of policies and practices that are essential to establishing community-based primary health care. In response to evidence emerging from this research, the Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) policy was promulgated in 1999 to scale-up results. However, during the first decade of CHPS operation, national monitoring showed that its pace of coverage expansion was unacceptably slow. In 2010, the Ghana Health Service launched a 5-year plausibility trial of CHPS reform for testing ways to accelerate scale-up. This initiative, known as the Ghana Essential Health Intervention Program (GEHIP), included a knowledge management component for establishing congruence of knowledge generation and flow with the operational system that GEHIP evidence was intended to reform. Four Upper East Region districts served as trial areas, while seven districts were comparison areas. Interventions tested means of developing the upward flow of information based on perspectives of district managers, sub-district supervisors and community-level workers. GEHIP also endeavoured to improve procedures for the downward flow and utilization of policy guidelines. Field exchanges were convened for providing national, regional and district leaders with opportunities for participatory learning about GEHIP implementation innovations. This systems approach facilitated the process of augmenting the communication of evidence with practical field experience. Scientific rigor associated with the production of evidence was thereby integrated into management decision-making processes in ways that institutionalized learning at all levels. The GEHIP knowledge management system functioned as a prototype for guiding the planning of a national knowledge management strategy. A follow-up project transferred its mechanisms from the Upper East Regional Health Administration to the Policy Planning Monitoring and Evaluation Division of the Ghana Health Service in Accra.
Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits
Authors: Cooper Timothy K , Meyerholz David K , Beck Amanda P , Delaney Martha A , Piersigilli Alessandra , Southard Teresa L , Brayton Cory F 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnimals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of “normal” and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
Infant gastroduodenal necrosis: a case report
Authors: Misso Kennedy K , Mapunda Christina , Said Omar , Poppe Vanessa , Nkoronko Mugisha , Chilonga Kondo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report a case of a two month old baby who had presented with an acute abdomen. Intra operative necrosis of the abdominal esophagus to distal of ligamentum treitz was noted. He was subjected to palliative care and passed away on Day 8 post-surgery.
When leaving the Solar system: Dark matter makes a difference
Authors: Belbruno Edward , Green James 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A resultant gravitational force due to the current estimates of the virial mass of the Milky Way galaxy, dominated by dark matter, is estimated near the Sun and is described in two different analytical models yielding consistent results. One is a two step Hernquist model, the other is a Navarro–Frenk–White model. The effect of this force is estimated on trajectories for spacecraft sufficiently far from the Sun. The difficulty of detecting this force is studied. It is concluded that its effect should be considered for certain spacecraft missions. Its effect on the Pioneer and New Horizons spacecrafts is discussed. A future mission is discussed that may be able to detect this force. Implications of this force are discussed with its impact for problems in planetary astronomy and astrophysics.
The evolution of barred galaxies in the EAGLE simulations
Authors: Cavanagh Mitchell K , Bekki Kenji , Groves Brent A , Pfeffer Joel 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the morphologies of 3964 galaxies and their progenitors with M⋆ &gt; 1010M⊙ in the reference eagle hydrodynamical simulation from redshifts z = 1 to 0, concentrating on the redshift evolution of the bar fraction. We apply two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify 35 082 synthetic g-band images across 10 snapshots in redshift. We identify galaxies as either barred or unbarred, while also classifying each sample into one of four morphological types: elliptical (E), lenticular (S0), spiral (Sp), and irregular/miscellaneous (IrrM). We find that the bar fraction is roughly constant between z = 0.0 and 0.5 (32–33 per cent), before exhibiting a general decline to 26 per cent out to z = 1. The bar fraction is highest in spiral galaxies, from 49 per cent at z = 0 to 39 per cent at z = 1. The bar fraction in S0s is lower, ranging from 22 to 18 per cent, with similar values for the miscellaneous category. Under 5 per cent of ellipticals were classified as barred. We find that the bar fraction is highest in low-mass galaxies (M⋆ ≤ 1010.5M⊙). Through tracking the evolution of galaxies across each snapshot, we find that some barred galaxies undergo episodes of bar creation, destruction and regeneration, with a mean bar lifetime of 2.24 Gyr. We further find that incidences of bar destruction are more commonly linked to major merging, while minor merging and accretion is linked to both bar creation and destruction.
High-redshift predictions from IllustrisTNG – III. Infrared luminosity functions, obscured star formation, and dust temperature of high-redshift galaxies
Authors: Shen Xuejian , Vogelsberger Mark , Nelson Dylan , Tacchella Sandro , Hernquist Lars , Springel Volker , Marinacci Federico , Torrey Paul 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We post-process galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations with skirt radiative transfer calculations to make predictions for the rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) and far-infrared (FIR) properties of galaxies at z ≥ 4. The rest-frame K- and z-band galaxy luminosity functions from TNG are overall consistent with observations, despite ${\sim}0.5\, \mathrm{dex}$ underprediction at z = 4 for MK ≲ −25 and Mz ≲ −24. Predictions for the JWST MIRI observed galaxy luminosity functions and number counts are given. Based on theoretical estimations, we show that the next-generation survey conducted by JWST can detect 500 (30) galaxies in F1000W in a survey area of $500\, {\rm arcmin}^{2}$ at z = 6 (z = 8). As opposed to the consistency in the UV, optical, and NIR, we find that TNG, combined with our dust modelling choices, significantly underpredicts the abundance of most dust-obscured and thus most luminous FIR galaxies. As a result, the obscured cosmic star formation rate density (SFRD) and the SFRD contributed by optical/NIR dark objects are underpredicted. The discrepancies discovered here could provide new constraints on the sub-grid feedback models, or the dust contents, of simulations. Meanwhile, although the TNG predicted dust temperature and its relations with IR luminosity and redshift are qualitatively consistent with observations, the peak dust temperature of z ≥ 6 galaxies are overestimated by about $20\, {\rm K}$. This could be related to the limited mass resolution of our simulations to fully resolve the porosity of the interstellar medium (or specifically its dust content) at these redshifts.
Investigating Galactic binary cluster candidates with Gaia EDR3
Authors: Angelo M S , Santos J F C , Maia F F S , Corradi W J B 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
A number of stellar open cluster (OC) pairs in the Milky Way occupy similar positions in the phase space (coordinates, parallax, and proper motions) and therefore may constitute physically interacting systems. The characterization of such objects based on observational data is a fundamental step towards a proper understanding of their physical status and to investigate cluster pair formation in the Galaxy. In this work, we employed the Gaia EDR3 data to investigate a set of 16 OCs distributed as 7 stellar aggregates. We determined structural parameters and applied a decontamination technique that allowed us to obtain unambiguous lists of member stars. The studied OCs span Galactocentric distances and ages in the ranges of $7\lesssim \, R_\mathrm{ G}(\textrm {kpc})\lesssim 11$ and $7.3\le \textrm {log}\, t\le 9.2$. Eight OCs were found to constitute four gravitationally bound pairs (NGC 5617–Trumpler 22, Collinder 394–NGC 6716, Ruprecht 100–Ruprecht 101, and NGC 659–NGC 663, the latter being a dynamically unevolved binary) and other four clusters constitute two interacting, but gravitationally unbound, pairs (King 16–Berkeley 4 and NGC 2383–NGC 2384, the latter being a dissolving OC). Other four OCs (Dias 1, Pismis 19, Czernik 20, and NGC 1857) seem not associated with any stellar aggregates. Apparently, clusters within bound and dynamically evolved pairs tend to present ratios of half-light to tidal radius larger than single clusters located at similar RG, suggesting that mutual tidal interactions may possibly affect their structural parameters. Unbound or dynamically unevolved systems seem to present less noticeable signature of tidal forces on their structure. Moreover, the core radius seems more importantly correlated with the clusters’ internal dynamical relaxation process.
Comparison of the Seventh and Eighth Edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging for Selected and Nonselected Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Vijayvargiya Pooja , Trivedi Sumita , Rupji Manali , Song Haocan , Liu Yuan , Jiang Renjian , Kaka Azeem S , Chen Georgia Z , Stokes William , Steuer Conor , Shin Dong M , Beitler Jonathan J , Patel Mihir R , Aiken Ashley , Saba Nabil F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging incorporates significant changes to the seventh edition in the staging of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC). An important change was the inclusion of OPSCC associated with the human papilloma virus (HPV). Our goal is to compare the performance of both staging systems for patients with HPV-selected and unselected clinical characteristics for OPSCC.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 2004-2016, we identified patients with likely HPV-associated OPSCC based on surrogate markers (white males aged &lt;65 years old with squamous cell carcinomas of the tonsil and base of tongue), excluding those who underwent surgery. We re-classified these patients using seventh and eighth edition staging for HPV-selected OPSCC and compared the prediction performance of both staging editions for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). We performed the same analysis for clinically unselected patients with OPSCC.

Results
Our analysis included 9554 patients with a median follow-up of 67 months. Comparing the eighth versus seventh edition for our HPV-selected cohort, clinical staging changed for 92.3% of patients and 10-year OS was 62.2%, 61.2%, 35.3%, and 15.5% for Stage I, II, III, and IV, versus 52.9%, 59.2%, 61.6%, 55.1%, 38.3%, and 15.5% for stage I, II, III, IVA, IVB, and IVC, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for 10-year DSS. The concordance statistics for our HPV-selected cohort were improved for both AJCC 7 (0.6260) and AJCC 8 (0.6846) compared with the unselected cohort, 0.5860 and 0.6457 for AJCC 7 and 8, respectively.

Conclusion
The overall performance of discrimination improved from AJCC 7 to AJCC 8 for both clinically selected and unselected patients, but more notably for our HPV-selected cohort. Despite the lack of statistically significant differentiation between Stages I and II in AJCC 8 in either groups, markedly improved discrimination was observed between Stages I/II, III, and IV in the HPV-selected cohort.
Liquid Biopsy Testing for the Management of Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Carrying a Rare Exon-20 EGFR Insertion
Authors: Morabito Alessandro , Manzo Anna , Montanino Agnese , Rachiglio Anna Maria , Sforza Vincenzo , Pasquale Raffaella , Costanzo Raffaele , Maiello Monica R , Sandomenico Claudia , Gallo Marianna , Palumbo Giuliano , De Luca Antonella , La Rocca Antonello , Martucci Nicola , De Cecio Rossella , Picone Carmine , Lastoria Secondo , Normanno Nicola 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that liquid biopsy might play a relevant role in the management of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Here, we show how the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) in our cancer center employed liquid biopsy to support therapeutic decisions in a patient with NSCLC carrying a rare EGFR mutation. A 44-year-old woman, never-smoker with an EGFR, ALK, and ROS1-negative lung adenocarcinoma and multiple brain metastases received systemic therapy and surgery before being referred to our Institute. The MTB suggested NGS testing of tumor biopsy that revealed a rare exon-20 EGFR insertion (p.His773dup; c.2315_2316insCCA) and EGFR amplification. The MTB recommended treatment with erlotinib and follow-up with liquid biopsy, by using both cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). An increase of EGFR mutation levels in cfDNA revealed resistance to treatment about 6 months before clinical progression. Extremely low levels of EGFR p.T790M were detected at progression. Based on preclinical data suggesting activity of osimertinib against EGFR exon-20 insertions, the MTB recommended treatment with brain and bone radiotherapy and osimertinib. A dramatic reduction of EGFR mutation levels in the cfDNA was observed after 4 weeks of treatment. The PET scan demonstrated a metabolic partial remission that was maintained for 9 months. This case supports the evidence that liquid biopsy can aid in the management of metastatic NSCLC. It also suggests that treatment with osimertinib might be a therapeutic option in patients with EGFR exon-20 insertions when a clinical trial is not available.
ALK Inhibitors or Chemotherapy for Third Line in ALK-positive NSCLC? Real-world Data
Authors: Moskovitz Mor , Dudnik Elizabeth , Shamai Sivan , Rotenberg Yakir , Popovich-Hadari Noa , Wollner Mira , Zer Alona , Gottfried Maya , Mishaeli Moshe , Rosenberg Shoshana Keren , Onn Amir , Merimsky Ofer , Urban Damien , Peled Nir , Maimon Natalie , Bar Jair 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
ALK inhibitors (ALKi) are the standard-of-care treatment for metastatic ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the first- and second-line setting. We conducted a real-world multi-institutional analysis, aiming to compare the efficacy of third-line ALKi versus chemotherapy in these patients.

Methods
Consecutive ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC patients treated with at least one ALKi were identified in the working databases of 7 Israeli oncology centers (the full cohort). Demographic and clinical data were collected. Patients receiving any systemic treatment beyond 2 ALKi comprised the third-line cohort, whether a third ALKi (group A) or chemotherapy (group B). Groups A and B were compared in terms of overall survival (OS) and time-to-next-treatment line (TNT).

Results
At a median follow-up of 41 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32-55), 80 (47.1%) have died. Median OS (mOS) in the full cohort (n = 170) was 52 months (95% CI: 32-65). Number of ALKi (hazard ratio [HR] 0.765; 95% CI: 0.61-0.95; P = .024) and age (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, P = .009) significantly associated with OS in the full cohort. The third-line cohort included 40 patients, of which 27 were treated with third ALKi (group A) and 13 treated with chemotherapy (group B). mOS from third-line initiation was 27 months in group A (95% CI: 13-NR) and 13 months for group B (95% CI: 3-NR); the difference was not significant (NS; P = .12). Chemotherapy as first line (HR 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.52, P = .002) and a higher number of ALKi (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20-0.86, P = .011) associated significantly with longer OS of the third-line cohort. TNT was 10 months for group A (95% CI: 5-19) and 3 months for group B (95% CI: 0-NR); the difference was NS (P = .079).

Conclusion
We report mature real-world data of more than 4-year mOS in ALK-positive patients. The number of ALKi given was associated with a better outcome. OS and TNT demonstrated a statistically nonsignificant trend for a better outcome in patients receiving a third-line ALKi.
Toripalimab Plus Paclitaxel and Carboplatin as Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: He Wenwu , Leng Xuefeng , Mao Tianqin , Luo Xi , Zhou Lingxiao , Yan Jiaxin , Peng Lin , Fang Qiang , Liu Guangyuan , Wei Xing , Wang Kangning , Wang Chenghao , Zhang Sha , Zhang Xudong , Shen Xudong , Huang Depei , Yi Huan , Bei Ting , She Xueke , Xiao Wenguang , Han Yongtao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, their efficacy in locally advanced resectable ESCC and the potential predictive biomarkers have limited data.MethodsIn this study, locally advanced resectable ESCC patients were enrolled and received neoadjuvant toripalimab (240 mg, day 1) plus paclitaxel (135 mg/m2, day 1) and carboplatin (area under the curve 5 mg/mL per min, day 1) in each 3-week cycle for 2 cycles, followed by esophagectomy planned 4-6 weeks after preoperative therapy. The primary endpoints were safety, feasibility, and the major pathological response (MPR) rate; the secondary endpoints were the pathological complete response (pCR) rate, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Association between molecular signatures/tumor immune microenvironment and treatment response was also explored.ResultsTwenty resectable ESCC patients were enrolled. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in all patients (100%), and 4 patients (22.2%) experienced grade 3 or higher treatment-related AEs. Sixteen patients underwent surgery without treatment-related surgical delay, and the R0 resection rate was 87.5% (14/16). Among the 16 patients, the MPR rate was 43.8% (7/16) and the pCR rate was 18.8% (3/16). The abundance of CD8+ T cells in surgical specimens increased (P = .0093), accompanied by a decreased proportion of M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (P = .036) in responders upon neoadjuvant therapy. Responders were associated with higher baseline gene expression levels of CXCL5 (P = .03) and lower baseline levels of CCL19 (P = .017) and UMODL1 (P = .03).ConclusionsThe combination of toripalimab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin is safe, feasible, and effective in locally advanced resectable ESCC, indicating its potential as a neoadjuvant treatment for ESCC.Clinical Trial registrationNCT04177797
Reinduction of an Anti-EGFR-based First-line Regimen in Patients with RAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Enrolled in the Valentino Study
Authors: Fucà Giovanni , Raimondi Alessandra , Prisciandaro Michele , Lonardi Sara , Cremolini Chiara , Ratti Margherita , Clavarezza Matteo , Murialdo Roberto , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Smiroldo Valeria , Berenato Rosa , Racca Patrizia , Bergamo Francesca , Corallo Salvatore , Di Bartolomeo Maria , de Braud Filippo , Morano Federica , Pietrantonio Filippo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
In patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), growing evidence supports anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) retreatment, whereas little is known on the outcomes of anti-EGFR-based reinduction therapy during the upfront strategy.

Methods
We included patients enrolled in the Valentino study who had disease progression and received at least one dose of post-progression therapy. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression were used for the survival analysis. When comparing the outcomes of anti-EGFR-based reinduction versus any second line, a propensity score–based matching was used.

Results
Liver-limited/single site of disease (P &lt; .001 and P = .002), left-sidedness (P = .029), surgery of metastases (P = .003), early tumor shrinkage, and deeper responses (P = .018 and P = .036) were associated with the use of anti-EGFR-based reinduction versus any other second line. All patients treated with reinduction had an anti-EGFR-free interval of at least 3 months. In the propensity score–matched population, progression-free survival (PFS) was similar in the 2 treatment groups, the overall survival (OS) was significantly longer for patients treated with reinduction (P = .029), and the response rate was higher in patients treated with reinduction (P = .033). An oxaliplatin-free interval ≥12 months, left-sidedness, and molecular hyperselection beyond RAS/BRAF were associated with significantly better outcomes after anti-EGFR-based reinduction.

Conclusions
Reinduction strategies with anti-EGFR-based regimens are commonly used in clinical practice. Our data highlight the importance of clinical–molecular selection for re-treatments and the need for prospective strategy trials in selected populations.