bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of diurnal variation of bile acids by meal on cyclosporine A absorption
Authors: Nishino Tomohiko , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Tomori Shinya , Ono Sayaka , Mimaki Masakazu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundStabilizing blood levels with microemulsified cyclosporine A (CsA), administered in many pediatric kidney diseases, is important for effective immunosuppression and reduced nephrotoxicity. CsA is affected by total bile acids (TBAs); however, no reports have simultaneously measured both. We aimed to elucidate the hypothesized relationship between TBA levels and diurnal variation in CsA in children.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children who were taking oral CsA for the treatment of kidney diseases between January 2016 and July 2021. They consumed four balanced meals and snacks during the day. CsA and TBA were measured twice, in pairs, before and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 h after oral administration in the morning and evening, and the four‐h area under curve (AUC)0–4 of CsA and trough‐to‐peak ratio (TPR) of TBA were compared.ResultsFifty‐eight pairs were measured in total; 12 children had idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and 4 children had immunoglobulin A vasculitis with nephritis. The median age at measurement was 7.5 years and the dose of CsA was 3.8 mg/kg/day. The AUC0–4 (ng·h/mL) was significantly lower in the evening than in the morning (1,669 vs. 1,451, P < 0.001). The TPR of TBA was significantly higher in the evening than in the morning (0.14 vs. 0.25, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe low AUC0–4 and slow TBA secretion observed in the evening may be due to pediatric‐specific dietary rhythms; thus, snack timing should be considered in children for stabilizing CsA levels.
Human papillomavirus‐related cancer risk for solid organ transplant recipients during adult life and early prevention strategies during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Nailescu Corina , Ermel Aaron C. , Shew Marcia L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMalignancies are among the top three causes of patient death in pediatric and adult kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, including KT individuals, experience more cancer compared with the general population, including human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. This article describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology and natural history of the HPV infection in both the general population and in SOT recipients, as well as its role in the development of HPV‐related pre‐cancerous lesions and cancers. Emphasis is given to the primary prevention strategy, HPV vaccination in SOT recipients, and its particularities compared with the general population. Secondary prevention strategies in SOT recipients are discussed and compared with the general population, highlighting cervical cancer screening needs within SOT populations. The article emphasizes how these primary and secondary HPV prevention strategies applied during childhood and adolescence by the pediatric transplant professionals, can lower the burden of HPV‐related cancers for SOT recipients in subsequent years, during their adult life.
A survey study of family members' encounters with healthcare services within the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care
Authors: Momeni Pardis , Årestedt Kristofer , Alvariza Anette , Winnberg Elisabeth , Goliath Ida , Kneck Åsa , Leksell Janeth , Ewertzon Mats 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe and compare family members' experiences of approach in encounters with healthcare professionals and possible feelings of alienation in the professional care within four care contexts: the care of older people, psychiatric care, palliative care and diabetes care. The design was an explorative cross‐sectional survey study. Data were collected in Sweden using the Family Involvement and Alienation Questionnaire‐Revised (FIAQ‐R). It measures family members' experiences of the healthcare professionals' approach and the family members' feeling of alienation from the provision of professional care. A total of 1047 questionnaires were distributed to family members using convenient sampling method, of which 294 were included. Data were analysed using rank‐based, non‐parametric statistical methods. The results indicated that most respondents experienced a positive actual approach from the healthcare professionals. Many participants rated the importance of approach at a higher level than their actual experience. Participants in the context of diabetes care reported a more negative actual approach from the healthcare professionals than did participants in the other contexts and considered the healthcare professionals' approach towards them as being less important. The results for the entire group indicated that the participants felt a low level of alienation from the professional care. Participants in the context of the care of older people reported significantly lower level of feeling of being alienated than did participants in the contexts of psychiatric care and diabetes care. The differences between participants in diabetes care and other care contexts can possibly be explained by a more fully implemented self‐care approach among the patients in diabetes care than in the other care contexts. Even though the results are quite positive, it is still important that nurses consider a family‐centred approach to better adapt to the needs of both the family members and the patients.
Effects of one year of daily face mask wearing on the skin during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Park Sae‐ra , Han Jiyeon , Yeon Yeong Min , Kang Na Young , Kim Eunjoo , Suh Byung‐Fhy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues, the long‐term daily use of masks is increasing. A full year includes the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Skin may have been affected by the seasons and further affected by the use of masks. In a previous study, we confirmed the short‐term and 6‐month effects of wearing face masks. In this study, we investigated how certain characteristics of the skin change when wearing a mask for 1 year. Furthermore, we compared skin covered by the mask (mask‐skin zone) to skin that was not covered.Materials and methodsThe participants were 18 healthy adults (8 men; 10 women) who were asked to wear masks in their daily lives from June 2020 to June 2021. During this period, participants’ skin characteristics, such as trans‐epidermal water loss, skin hydration, skin elasticity, skin keratin amount, skin pore area, skin temperature, skin redness, and skin color, were measured five times.ResultsTrans‐epidermal water loss, skin keratin amount, skin pore area, skin color, and skin elasticity changed significantly during the year. Furthermore, trans‐epidermal water loss, skin hydration, skin keratin amount, skin pore area, and skin color were significantly different between the mask‐wearing and non‐mask‐wearing areas of the face.ConclusionThe skin characteristics of the mask‐skin zone can be affected by long‐term wearing of a face mask under lifestyle and environmental conditions. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, skin care for the mask‐skin zone is also necessary for people who do not wear masks on a daily basis.
Public opinion on U.S. investment in foreign countries: Survey evidence from 11 southern states in the United States
Authors: Kim Hye‐Sung , Lee Youngchae , Huffmon Scott 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveDespite a growing literature on the impact of economic nationalism on public attitudes toward foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, public attitudes toward U.S. FDI outflows have been overlooked. We examine U.S. residents’ attitudes toward FDI outflows to two host countries viewed unfavorably by the American public, Mexico and China, and the extent to which providing accurate information on FDI flows between the United States and these countries affects the biases toward American investment in these countries.MethodsWe implemented a vignette experiment on respondents from 11 southern states in the United States.ResultsWe find little support for the existence of bias toward Mexico or China as destinations for American investment, nor do we find that providing accurate information on bilateral FDI flows affects perceptions of U.S. FDI outflows to these countries. Instead, individuals' economic self‐interest and sociotropic concerns influence their attitudes toward FDI outflows.ConclusionsIndividuals' preferences toward U.S. FDI outflows are not shaped by biases toward investment destinations but by their concerns regarding the economic and security consequences of American overseas investment.
Distant but Vibrant Places. Local Determinants of Adaptability to Peripherality
Authors: de Renzis Alessandra , Faggian Alessandra , Urso Giulia 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTAgainst the discourse according to which peripheral areas are places doomed to an inevitable fate of constant demographic decline, the aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the local determinants fostering adaptability to prolonged challenges connected to a condition of peripherality. Exploiting the classification produced within the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas, we investigate the determinants of positive demographic long‐term growth paths of Italian peripheral municipalities using population variation as the dependent variable in a spatially deep lagged model relying on census data from 1971 to 2011. Our longitudinal study provides evidence on the positive effects of demographic and labour‐skills related factors on population dynamics, that may prove to be crucial in supporting policymakers when formulating place‐sensitive strategies to enhance the adaptive capability of places in the face of long‐term slow‐burning pressures.
Evaluation of amotosalen and UVA pathogen‐reduced apheresis platelets after 7‐day storage
Authors: Cancelas Jose A. , Genthe Jamie R. , Stolla Moritz , Rugg Neeta , Bailey S. Lawrence , Nestheide Shawnagay , Shaz Beth , Mack Samantha , Schroeder Kadi , Anani Waseem , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Dumont Larry J. , Yegneswaran Subramanian , Corash Laurence , Mufti Nina , Benjamin Richard J. , Erickson Anna C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmotosalen/UVA pathogen‐reduced platelet components (PRPCs) with storage up to 7 days are standard of care in France, Switzerland, and Austria. PRPCs provide effective hemostasis with reduced risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections and transfusion‐associated graft versus host disease, reduced wastage and improved availability compared with 5‐day‐stored PCs. This study evaluated the potency of 7‐day PRPCs by in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis of autologous PCs.Study Design and MethodsThe in vitro characteristics of 7‐day‐stored apheresis PRPCs suspended in 100% plasma or 65% platelet additive solution (PAS‐3)/35% plasma, thrombin generation, and in vivo radiolabeled post‐transfusion recovery and survival of 7‐day‐stored PRPCs suspended in 100% plasma were compared with either 7‐day‐stored or fresh autologous conventional platelets.ResultsPRPCs after 7 days of storage maintained pH, platelet dose, in vitro physiologic characteristics, and thrombin generation when compared to conventional 7‐day PCs. In vivo, the mean post‐transfusion survival was 151.4 ± 20.1 h for 7‐day PRPCs in 100% plasma (Test) versus 209.6 ± 13.9 h for the fresh autologous platelets (Control), (T‐ΔC: 72.3 ± 8.8%: 95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.5, 76.1) and mean 24‐h post‐transfusion recovery 37.6 ± 8.4% for Test versus 56.8 ± 9.2% for Control (T‐ΔC: 66.2 ± 11.2%; 95% CI: 61.3, 71.1).DiscussionPRPCs collected in both 100% plasma as well as 65% PAS‐3/35% plasma and stored for 7 days retained in vitro physiologic characteristics. PRPCs stored in 100% plasma for 7 days retained in vivo survival. Lower in vivo post‐radiolabeled autologous platelet recovery is consistent with reported reduced count increments for allogenic transfusion.
Hospital red blood cell and platelet supply and utilization from March to December of the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic: The BEST collaborative study
Authors: Lu Wen , Yazer Mark , Li Na , Ziman Alyssa , Wendel Silvano , Tang Hongying , Tsang Hamilton , Titlestad Kjell , Thibodeaux Suzanne R. , Shih Andrew W. , Poisson Jessica L. , Pham Tho , Pandey Suchi , Pagano Monica B. , Shan Hua , Murphy Mike , Murphy Colin , Savioli Mariana Lorenzi , Kutner José Mauro , Hess Aaron S. , Fontaine Magali J. , Fachini Roberta , Dunbar Nancy M. , Kaufman Richard M. ,   Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusions Collaborative
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAt the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, widespread blood shortages were anticipated. We sought to determine how hospital blood supply and blood utilization were affected by the first wave of COVID‐19.Study Design and MethodsWeekly red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) inventory, transfusion, and outdate data were collected from 13 institutions in the United States, Brazil, Canada, and Denmark from March 1st to December 31st of 2020 and 2019. Data from the sites were aligned based on each site's local first peak of COVID‐19 cases, and data from 2020 (pandemic year) were compared with data from the corresponding period in 2019 (pre‐pandemic baseline).ResultsRBC inventories were 3% lower in 2020 than in 2019 (680 vs. 704, p < .001) and 5% fewer RBCs were transfused per week compared to 2019 (477 vs. 501, p < .001). However, during the first COVID‐19 peak, RBC and PLT inventories were higher than normal, as reflected by deviation from par, days on hand, and percent outdated. At this time, 16% fewer inpatient beds were occupied, and 43% fewer surgeries were performed compared to 2019 (p < .001). In contrast to 2019 when there was no correlation, there was, in 2020, significant negative correlations between RBC and PLT days on hand and both percentage occupancy of inpatient beds and percentage of surgeries performed.ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020, RBC and PLT inventories remained adequate. During the first wave of cases, significant decreases in patient care activities were associated with excess RBC and PLT supplies and increased product outdating.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIOPHAGES SANITARY-INDICATIVE MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Monarchovich M.A. , Galaburda O.A. , Arashkova A.A. , Sverchkova N.V. , Kolomiets E.I. 
Published: July 2022

Isolated phages showed activity toward opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria of genera Escherichia (K3P1, K3P2, BIM BV-44 D) and Pseudomonas (PsP1), formed lysis zones shaped as negative homogeneous colonies with a clear-cut even edge (K3P1, PsP1, BIM BV -44 D), or negative colonies with a peripheral zone of partial lysis (K3P2). The diameter of phage plaques varied from 0,5–1,5 mm. Lytic activity spectrum of phage isolates was investigated. It was found that the studied bacteriophages displayed species specificity. Bacteriophages K3P1, K3P2 were distinguished by the highest lytic range. Differences in the isolated bacteriophages according to restriction profiles were revealed. Bacteriophage distinctions in restriction profiles were revealed. Interaction of bacteriophages with cells of bacteria of E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa was explored. The tested bacteriophage strains demonstrating lytic activity toward sanitary-indicative bacterial species may find use as disinfectants in detergents.
PROSPECTS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF SURFACE RESERVOIRS FROM BIOGENIC ELEMENTS
Authors: Tekebayeva Zh.B. , Bazarkhankyzy A. , Temirbekova A.Zh. , Bissenova G.N. , Kulagin A.A. , Tynybayeva I.K. , Temirkhanov A.Zh. , Askarova N.B. , Sarmurzina Z.S. 
Published: July 2022

The threat of water scarcity and inefficient management of water resources can become a major obstacle to the sustainable economic growth and social development in Kazakhstan. Pollutants enter surface water bodies mainly as a result of human activities. Among the various substances present in wastewater, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds deserve the most attention. Getting into water bodies, they cause eutrophication, which can be dangerous for the ecosystem as a whole and for humans. Among the various methods of wastewater treatment, biological methods are considered the most promising and effective. In this regard, the search for active microorganisms and microalgae for the purification of water bodies from biogenic elements is especially relevant. The object of the study was Lake Big Taldykol, recreated asa result of the reclamation of theTaldykol wastewater evaporator and being one of the important water bodies of the city of Nur-Sultan. It has been revealed that in recent years the main substances polluting the water bodies of the capital are total phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulfates, total iron, mineralization and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Chemical analysis of water samples from Lake Big Taldykol showed excesses in chlorides, sulfates, COD, total iron, suspended solids, and dry residue. The prospects for the use of microorganisms that are destructors of biogenic and organo-mineral pollutants are considered. Cultures of microorganisms and green microalgae were isolated from the water of Big Taldykol Lake. The use of the studied microorganisms can reduce the amount of biogenic elements, thereby reducing their potential for eutrophication.
Olympic and Paralympic Coaches Living With Stress—Is It Such a Problem? Potential Implications for Future Coach Education in Sport
Authors: Loftus Simon , Taylor Robin , Grecic David , Harper Damian J. 
Published: July 2022

Following increased research into how situational and organizational stress affects coaches’ performance and welfare, there is a need to understand how coaches appraise and cope with the stressors they experience. These experiences could help inform applied interventions that facilitate both positive behavioural and performance-related outcomes. This is particularly important in elite coaches who operate in international competitions. Thirteen Olympic coaches participated in semistructured interviews to identify how they appraised stress as they prepared for the Tokyo Olympic Games. The research identified nine subthemes, which were categorized into three general overarching themes: (a) stressors, (b) appraisal of stressors, and (c) coping mechanisms. Despite the prevalence of negative stressors, self-doubt, and self-presentational concerns, many coaches interviewed demonstrated a positive outlook in relation to stress. Furthermore, they had established strong communities of practice as coping mechanisms against the impact of stress on performance, welfare, and health. Therefore, this study provides novel insights into the broad range of physical, psychological, and emotional challenges faced by Olympic and Paralympic coaches in the buildup to Olympic and Paralympic Games. Coach education programmes can use this information to help coaches develop effective coping mechanisms, subsequently leading to more positive outcomes from the stressors they experience.
Large vessel occlusion prediction scales provide high negative but low positive predictive values in prehospital suspected stroke patients
Authors: Keenan Kevin J , Smith Wade S , Cole Sara B , Martin Christine , Hemphill J Claude , Madhok Debbie Y 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionWe studied a registry of Emergency Medical Systems (EMS) identified prehospital suspected stroke patients brought to an academic endovascular capable hospital over 1 year to assess the prevalence of disease and externally validate large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke prediction scales with a focus on predictive values.MethodsAll patients had last known well times within 6 hours and a positive prehospital Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale. LVO prediction scale scores were retrospectively calculated from emergency department arrival National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores. Final diagnoses were determined by chart review. Prevalence and diagnostic performance statistics were calculated. We prespecified analyses to identify scale thresholds with positive predictive values (PPVs) ≥80% and negative predictive values (NPVs) ≥95%. A secondary analysis identified thresholds with PPVs ≥50%.ResultsOf 220 EMS transported patients, 13.6% had LVO stroke, 15.9% had intracranial haemorrhage, 20.5% had non-LVO stroke and 50% had stroke mimic diagnoses. LVO stroke prevalence was 15.8% among the 184 diagnostic performance study eligible patients. Only Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) ≥7 had a PPV ≥80%, but this threshold missed 83% of LVO strokes. FAST-ED ≥6, Prehospital Acute Severity Scale =3 and Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation ≥7 had PPVs ≥50% but sensitivities were <50%. Several standard and lower alternative scale thresholds achieved NPVs ≥95%, but false positives were common.ConclusionsDiagnostic performance tradeoffs of LVO prediction scales limited their ability to achieve high PPVs without missing most LVO strokes. Multiple scales provided high NPV thresholds, but these were associated with many false positives.
Enabling leaders of multispecialty teams via cross-training
Authors: Bäker Agnes , Maisano Francesco , Mestres Carlos A 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundTeamwork across medical specialties improves patient outcomes. However, it also places an additional strain on team leaders, who must mediate between the medical specialties while at the same time belonging to one of them. We examine whether a cross-training incorporating communication and leadership skills can enhance multispecialty teamwork in Heart Teams and enable Heart Team leaders.MethodIn a prospective observational study, the authors surveyed physicians working in multispecialty Heart Teams worldwide, who participated in a cross-training course. Survey responses were collected at the beginning of the course and 6 months later, after course completion. Furthermore, for a subsample of participants, external assessments of course participants’ communication and presentation skills at the beginning and at the end of the training were elicited. The authors conducted mean comparison tests and difference-in-difference analysis.ResultsSixty-four physicians were surveyed. A total of 547 external assessments were collected. The cross-training significantly improved participant-rated teamwork across medical specialties, and communication and presentation skills as rated by participants and external assessors who were blind to the time structure or training context.ConclusionThe study highlights how a cross-training can enable leaders of multispecialty teams in their leadership role by raising awareness of other specialties’ skills and knowledge. Cross-training combined with communication skills training is an effective measure to improve collaboration in Heart Teams.