bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test-size evolution of the planktonic foraminifer Globorotalia menardii in the eastern tropical Atlantic since the Late Miocene
Authors: Friesenhagen Thore 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The mean test size of planktonic foraminifera (PF) is
known to have increased especially during the last 12 Myr, probably in terms
of an adaptive response to an intensification of the surface-water
stratification. On geologically short timescales, the test size in PF is
related to environmental conditions. In an optimal species-specific
environment, individuals exhibit a greater maximum and average test size,
while the size decreases the more unfavourable the environment becomes. An interesting case was observed in the late Neogene and Quaternary size
evolution of Globorotalia menardii, which seems to be too extreme to be only explained by changes
in environmental conditions. In the western tropical Atlantic Ocean (WTAO)
and the Caribbean Sea, the test size more than doubles from 2.6 to 1.95
and 1.7 Ma, respectively, following an almost uninterrupted and
successive phase of test-size decrease from 4 Ma. Two hypotheses have been
suggested to explain the sudden occurrence of a giant G. menardii form: it was
triggered by either (1) a punctuated, regional evolutionary event or (2) the
immigration of specimens from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas leakage. Morphometric measurements of tests from sediment samples of the Ocean
Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 108 Hole 667A in the eastern tropical Atlantic
Ocean (ETAO) show that the giant type already appears 0.1 Myr earlier at this
location than in the WTAO, which indicates that the extreme size increase in
the early Pleistocene was a tropical-Atlantic-Ocean-wide event. A coinciding
change in the predominant coiling direction likely suggests that a new
morphotype occurred. If the giant size and the uniform change in the
predominant coiling direction are an indicator for this new type, the form
already occurred in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean at the
Pliocene–Pleistocene boundary at 2.58 Ma. This finding supports the Agulhas leakage hypothesis. However, the hypothesis of a regional, punctuated
evolutionary event cannot be dismissed due to missing data from the Indian
Ocean. This paper presents the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(AMOC) and thermocline hypothesis in the ETAO, which possibly can be
extrapolated for explaining the test-size evolution of the whole tropical
Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea for the time interval between 2 and 8
Ma. The test-size evolution shows a similar trend with indicators for
changes in the AMOC strength. The mechanism behind this might be that
changes in the AMOC strength have a major influence on the thermal
stratification of the upper water column and hence the thermocline, which is
known to be the habitat of G. menardii.
Weddell Sea polynya analysis using SMOS–SMAP apparent sea ice thickness retrieval
Authors: Mchedlishvili Alexander , Spreen Gunnar , Melsheimer Christian , Huntemann Marcus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The Weddell Sea is known to feature large openings in its winter sea ice field, otherwise known as open-ocean polynyas. An area within the Weddell
Sea region that has repeatedly featured open-ocean polynyas in the past is that which encompasses the Maud Rise seamount. Within this area, after
40 years of intermittent, smaller openings, a larger, more persistent polynya appeared in early September 2017​​​​​​​ and remained open for
approximately 80 d until spring ice melt. In this study we present proof that polynya-favorable activity in the Maud Rise area is taking
place more frequently and on a larger scale than previously assumed. By investigating thin (< 50 cm) apparent sea ice thickness (ASIT)
retrieved from the satellite microwave sensors Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), we find an anomaly of
thin sea ice spanning an area comparable to the polynya of 2017 over Maud Rise which occurred in September 2018. In this paper, we look at sea ice
above Maud Rise in August and September of 2017 and 2018 as well as all years from 2010 until 2020 in an 11-year time series. Using fifth-generation ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5) surface
wind reanalysis data, we corroborate previous findings (e.g., Campbell et al., 2019; Francis et al., 2019; Wilson et al., 2019) on the strong impact that storm
activity can have on sea ice above Maud Rise and help consolidate the theory that the evolution of the Weddell Sea polynya is controlled by local
atmospheric as well as oceanographic variability. Based on the results presented, we propose that the Weddell Sea polynya, rather than being a
binary phenomenon with one principal cause, is a dynamic process caused by various different preconditioning factors that must occur simultaneously
for it to appear and persist. Moreover, we show that rather than an abrupt stop to anomalous activity above Maud Rise in 2017, the very next year
shows signs of polynya-favorable activity that, although insufficient to open the polynya, were present in the region. This phenomenon, as we have
shown in the 11-year SMOS record, was not unique to 2018 and was also identified in 2010, 2013 and 2014. It is demonstrated that L-band microwave
radiometry from the SMOS and SMAP satellites can provide additional useful information, which helps to better understand dynamic sea ice processes
like polynya events when compared to the use of satellite sea ice concentration products alone.
Triple hats: writing, teaching writing and teaching writing teachers
Authors: Jach Antoni 
Published: February 2022

Of course, many teachers who are writers feel they don’t need to be taught how to teach. It is often assumed that a good writer will be agood teacher but it isn’t always the case. Writing is a specialised skill in the same way that teaching is a specialised skill and new skills can be developed. Over the past four years at RMIT University I havebeen running in-house teacher training for new teachers for the whole of the School of Creative Media (which includes the disciplines of multimedia, audio-visual and sound production as well as creative writing and editing). In our Professional Writing and Editing course we use practising writers (and editors) to teach in the course and gradually we have been offering teacher training to new staff as a way of assisting teachers with their teaching rather than following the traditional method of throwing teachers in the deep end and hoping they could swim (many could and flourished while others struggled and some drowned). I have created a number of presentations over the years for this teacher training program and the latest is entitled “A Sixteen-Step Guide to Teaching”. This paper will focus on issues to do with writing, teaching writing and teaching writing students.
Особенности многолетней динамики вегетационного индекса залежных земель на территории Центрального Черноземья
Authors: Терехин Эдгар Аркадьевич 
Published: February 2022

Анализ многолетних изменений растительного покрова является одной из ключевых задач в оценке состояния залежных земель, особенно в регионах активного аграрного использования. В настоящее время одним из перспективных вариантов решения этой задачи выступает изучение рядов вегетационных индексов, измеряемых по спутниковым данным. В статье проанализирована динамика вегетационного индекса NDVI для залежных земель в областях Центрального Черноземья в период 2000–2018 гг. Исследование проведено на залежах с различными типами лесных насаждений. Установлено, что для оставленных аграрных земель с лиственными породами во всех изученных областях наблюдается положительная динамика вегетационного индекса. При этом значимость тенденции в разных областях региона различна. Для залежей с лиственными породами статистически значимые трендовые составляющие выявлены в областях, расположенных наиболее близко к лесной зоне. Для оставленных аграрных земель с хвойными и смешанными лесными насаждениями установлена статистически значимая, положительная динамика в большинстве изученных областей. Залежи с хвойными насаждениями характеризуются наибольшей интенсивностью роста межгодовых значений вегетационного индекса в исследуемый период. Коэффициент наклона трендовой линии NDVI достаточно существенно различается между областями ЦЧР для залежей как с лиственными, так и с хвойными породами. С учетом высокой корреляции вегетационного индекса и величины покрытия залежей древесной растительностью выявленные изменения характеризуют процесс лесовозобновления на оставленных аграрных землях.
Анализ основных климатических параметров и составление климатической карты острова Сахалин
Authors: Братков Виталий Викторович , Мелкий Вячеслав Анатольевич , Верхотуров Алексей Александрович , Лукьяненко Николай Дмитриевич 
Published: February 2022

Изменение климата оказывает влияние на комфортность проживания и возможность ведения отдельных видов хозяйственной деятельности на той или иной территории. Увеличение среднегодовой температуры на несколько градусов способно привести к деградации темнохвойных лесов на о. Сахалин, на смену которым могут прийти широколиственные леса или травяная растительность. Глобальные изменения климата гибельны для многих видов растительности и животного мира. Необходимо с определенной периодичностью проводить картографирование современных климатических условий на заданной территории для пространственного анализа климатических данных. Целью работы является анализ климатических условий острова Сахалин и составление климатической карты при помощи программных средств ArcGIS, MapInfo, Adobe Illustrator. В результате исследования разработан проект климатической карты о. Сахалин, которая может входить в состав атласа Сахалинской области. Результаты работы могут применяться в качестве образца составления аналогичных карт для других территорий.
Комплексная геоэкологическая оценка водосборной территории р. Осетр в условиях антропогенного воздействия
Authors: Широкова Вера Александровна , Юрова Юлия Дмитриевна 
Published: February 2022

В работе изложены результаты геоэкомониторингового скрининга при создании геоэкологического паспорта бассейна р. Осетр, проводимого в Веневском, Зарайском, Луховицком районах на исследуемом участке от нп. Махринка до нп. Акатьево за 2020–2021 гг. Для формирования комплексной геоэкологической оценки водосборной территории р. Осетр в условиях антропогенного воздействия разработана и апробирована оригинальная методика скрининга водосборной территории бассейна р. Осетр в условиях чувствительности к антропогенному воздействию на основе предлагаемых автором установленных методов оценки экологического риска антропогенного воздействия на речные экосистемы с учетом их региональных особенностей; создан геоэкологический портал «Геоэкологический паспорт водосборного бассейна р. Осетр», основанный на результатах комплексного геоэкологического скрининга территории с применением GIS-технологий; проведена комплексная геоэкологическая оценка водосборной территории бассейна р. Осетр с выделением зон повышенного геоэкологического риска, уровней загрязнения водоема, доли и степени антропогенного воздействия.
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 20-35-90019.
التخيير بين عقوبات جرائم الحدود
Authors: محمد سليمان النور سليمان 
Published: February 2022

التخيير بين عقوبات جرائم الحدود
The research aims at explaining What is meant by ’obligation’ in language and in the Savants' idions, then explaining the aspects of obligation among punishments of limitations crims in Islamic Jurisprudence and Sudanese Criminal Law in 1991, and this is by referring to books of different crecds in Islam Jurisprudence to show Savants' sayings and their claes.
and discussions an then, then to show the preferability among them , mentioning Sudan criminal law opinion and comparing it with Savants' sayings
حماية البيئة بين مصادر الفقه الإسلامي و المنظور الغربي : ثقافيا و قانونيا
Authors: محمود مصطفى المكي 
Published: February 2022

حماية البيئة بين مصادر الفقه الإسلامي و المنظور الغربي : ثقافيا و قانونيا
The hypothesis of this study is to assure relationship between the damage and deterioration of natural environment and the value system of the Western civilization- the effort of the international community in resent decades to stop it, in one hand and to draw attention to the ability of Islamic value system based on principles of the Holly Quran and Tradition of Profit Mohamed “God blessings” and peace be upon him", to make “valuable contribution in setting up a modem and effective conceptions and criterions to direct to the behavior of individuals and groups not to “conquer” and destroy the nature, but to be in harmony with it, exploits its resources within the limits of their needs and preserves the rights of future generations.
And makes the globe, which is becoming now, in the age of Globalization, a small village, makes it a save, peaceful, healthy and comfortable place, all Its inhabitants can find pure air, fresh water, natural weather and secure and peaceful refuge.
In this respect the efforts of international Organizations and its regulations for the controlling the pollution of natural environment and for stopping its deterioration, all this I find in harmony with the Islamic value system which insists that the human behavior have to be in harmony with the elements of the environment not only to assure the common interest to the mankind but because its away of conduct related to religious convictions
Hubungan Tingkat Stres dan Vulva Hygiene dengan Keputihan pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Fitrie Febia , Safitri Aisyah 
Published: February 2022

Latar Belakang: Keputihan atau flour albus merupakan cairan bening yang keluar dari vagina dalam jumlah banyak. Terdapat dua macam keputihan yaitu keputihan normal (fisiologis) dan keputihan abnormal (patologis).
Tujuan: Tujuan peneliatin ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stres dan vulva hygiene dengan keputihan pada remaja putri dikelas X (sepuluh) dan kelas XI (sebelas).
Metode: Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode Cross-Sectional. Pengambilan sempel dilakukan secara stratified sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja putri kelas 10 dan 11 berjumlah 77 responden.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian untuk stres dengan keputihan menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara stres dengan keputihan (p-value=0,022), hasil penelitian untuk vulva hygiene dengan keputihan menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara vulva dengan keputihan (p-value=0,026, OR=2,230).
Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara Stres Dan Vulva Hygiene Dengan Keputihan Pada Remaja Putri Dikelas 10 dan 11. Perlu diberikannya edukasi dan penyuluhan kepada siswi tentang cara mengatasi stres dan memberikan informasi pentingnya menjaga kebersihan vulva hygiene untuk menghindari terjadinya keputihan.
Distribution of Te, As, Bi, Sb, and Se in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt and Komatiites and in Picrites and Basalts from Large Igneous Provinces: Implications for the Formation of Magmatic Ni-Cu-Platinum Group Element Deposits
Authors: Barnes Sarah-Jane , Mansur Eduardo T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In magmatic nickel-copper-platinum-group element (PGE) deposits, the PGEs are found both in solid solution in base metal sulfides and as platinum group minerals (PGMs). Apart from S, the most common elements that the PGEs combine with to form PGMs are Te, As, Bi, Sb, and Sn (TABS). Whether the TABS play a role in collecting the PGEs or simply partition into the sulfide liquid along with the PGEs and later combine with PGEs when the sulfide phase becomes saturated with PGMs is not currently clear. This is in part because the concentrations of TABS in the magmas (picrites and basalts from large igneous province and komatiites) that form these types of deposits are not well established, and hence it is not evident whether the magmas contain sufficient TABS to control PGEs. In order to establish the concentrations of Te, As, Bi, Sb, and Se (TABS+) in these rock types and to document the processes affecting these concentrations, we have determined TABS+ concentrations in komatiites, in mid-ocean ridge basalt, and in picrites and basalts from large igneous provinces. Using TABS+ mantle-normalized diagrams, the affects of different mantle sources, crystal fractionation, crustal assimilation, degassing, and alteration are considered. We estimate the concentrations of TABS+ in komatiites to be approximately twice primitive mantle values. In picrites the concentrations vary: approximately 10 times primitive mantle values for As and Sb and decreasing through Bi to Te from 7 to 2 times primitive mantle.
Assimilation of S-bearing sedimentary rocks is thought to be important in triggering sulfide saturation leading to the formation of Ni-Cu-PGE deposits. Assimilation of such sediments would enrich the magma in Th over Nb and in As, Sb, and Bi. Evidence of assimilation in the form of TABS and Th enrichment is clear in the PGE reef deposits of the Bushveld and Stillwater Complexes, but the deposits do not contain sufficient TABS to control the PGEs. This is also true in the Norilsk-Talnakh Ni-Cu-PGE deposits. However, at Norilsk degassing of the magma has resulted in the loss of TABS, which results in negative As, Bi, Se, and Te anomalies on primitive mantle-normalized plots.
Hubungan Sabat dan Keselamatan Dalam Perjanjian Lama
Authors: Tameon Sance Mariana 
Published: February 2022

The Sabbath is God's mandate for man to rest from all affairs and work. It began when God stopped creating the heavens and the earth and everything in them on the seventh day (Genesis 2:1-3). God appointed the Sabbath as a day of rest. Since God rested, humans who were created in God's image must rest also. One of the most beautiful blessings that come from the Sabbath is refreshment. The Sabbath was closely related to God's action in saving humankind from destruction. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the Sabbath and salvation in the Old Testament. The literature review is used as the method where the author looks for the main source of research and then analyzes it to find the meaning of the data. The results show that the Sabbath becomes a sign of the covenant and symbol of the special relationship in grace between God-the Redeemer, and His chosen people. The Sabbath had become a sign that reminded the Israelites and believers that God by His grace had sanctified, chosen, and delivered them. The Sabbath was a picture of salvation by God's sovereign grace in exodus. The Sabbath interpreted as people's gratitude expression for the goodness of God who has saved, redeemed and freed humankind from slavery and slavery of the sin.
Sabat merupakan mandat Allah bagi manusia untuk beristirahat dari segala urusan dan pekerjaan. Hal ini dimulai ketika Allah berhenti menciptakan langit dan bumi serta segala isinya pada hari ketujuh (Kejadian 2:1-3). Hari Sabat ditentukan Allah sebagai hari peristirahatan. Karena Allah beristirahat, maka manusia yang diciptakan menurut gambar Allah juga harus beristirahat. Salah satu berkat terindah yang diperoleh dari hari Sabat adalah penyegaran kembali. Sabat juga erat kaitannya dengan tindakan Allah dalam menyelamatkan manusia dari kebinasaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai hubungan Sabat dan keselamatan dalam Perjanjian Lama. Metode yang dipakai adalah content analysis/analisis isi dimana penulis mencari sumber utama penelitian lalu menganalisis untuk menemukan makna yang terkandung dalam data tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sabat menjadi tanda kovenan, dan merupakan simbol dari hubungan khusus dalam anugerah antara Allah-Penebus dan orang-orang pilihan-Nya. Sabat telah menjadi tanda yang mengingatkan bangsa Israel dan orang percaya bahwa Allah dengan rahmat-Nya telah menguduskan, memilih, dan melepaskan mereka. Sabat menjadi gambaran dari keselamatan oleh anugerah Allah yang berdaulat dalam peristiwa eksodus. Sabat harus dimaknai sebagai ungkapan syukur umat atas kebaikan Allah yang telah menyelamatkan, menebus dan membebaskan manusia dari perbudakan dan perhambaan dosa.
The Ability of Deep Learning Models to Identify Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Implant Design From Plain Radiographs
Authors: Klemt Christian , Uzosike Akachimere Cosmas , Cohen-Levy Wayne Brian , Harvey Michael Joseph , Subih Murad Abdullah , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
The surgical management of patients with failed total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) necessitates the identification of the implant manufacturer and model. Failure to accurately identify implant design leads to delays in care, increased morbidity, and healthcare costs. The automated identification of implant designs has the potential to assist in the surgical management of patients with failed arthroplasty. This study aimed to develop and validate a convolutional neural network deep learning model for the identification of primary and revision hip and knee total joint arthroplasty designs from plain radiographs.

Methods:
This study trained a convolutional neural network deep learning model to automatically identify 24 THA designs and 14 TKA designs from 11,204 anterior-posterior radiographs obtained from 8,763 patients. From these radiographs, 8,963 radiographs (80%) were used for model training and 2,241 radiographs (20%) were used for model validation. Model performance was assessed through receiver operating curve characteristics.

Results:
After 1,000 training epochs by the convolutional neural network deep learning model, the computational model discriminated 17 primary THA designs with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.98, sensitivity of 95.8%, and specificity of 98.6%. The deep learning model discriminated eight primary TKA designs with an AUC of 0.97, sensitivity of 94.9%, and specificity of 97.8%. The deep learning model demonstrated an AUC of 0.98 and 0.96 for the identification of seven revision THA and six revision TKA designs, respectively.

Discussion:
This study developed and validated a convolutional neural network deep learning model for the identification of hip and knee total joint arthroplasty designs from plain radiographs. The study findings demonstrate excellent accuracy of the deep learning model for the identification of 24 THA and 14 TKA designs, illustrating the great potential of the deep learning model to assist in preoperative surgical planning of failed arthroplasty patients.