bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐Mode Vasodilator M119 Delivery to Hair Follicle via Dissolving Microneedle for Advanced Alopecia Treatment
Authors: Kim Youseong , Ryu Yeong Chan , Min Hye Su , Yang Huisuk , Nam Jeehye , Lee Chisong , Um Daniel Junmin , Kim Miji , Atzei Paola , Francisco Rita de Brito , Naef Reto , Choi Kang‐Yell , Jung Hyungil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFinasteride, the most widely used oral alopecia drug, shows several side effects such as hypoactive sexual dysfunction or depression, whereas the topical drug minoxidil demonstrates unsatisfactory efficacy. Thus, there is an increasing need for new alopecia drugs and alternative delivery systems for future alopecia treatment. Researchers have developed dissolving microneedle (DMN), a transdermal drug delivery system, which can be used with minimal invasion. However, DMN has limited application for the alopecia treatment owing to its unsuccessful implantation on the hairy scalp. Here, it is suggested that TOP‐M119 (M119), a novel drug acting as a vasodilator in the scalp, and M119‐loaded DMN with a specially designed shape can be used for the alopecia treatment. This M119‐loaded DMN system is delivered using a newly designed applicator that supports patchless scalp implantation of DMN by microsized pillars designed to prevent accidental skin insertion. Enhanced hair follicle targeting drug delivery and superior alopecia treatment efficacy of specially designed shaped DMN and M119 has been demonstrated through in vitro and ex vivo studies. Moreover, M119‐loaded DMN system shows enhanced in vivo efficacy in mouse skin and through expression markers related to hair growth, such as β‐catenin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MECA 32, and versican.
Effects of moisture contents in incorporated residues and soil on net nitrogen mineralization in a laboratory study
Authors: Santiago Suzette , Geisseler Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Mediterranean climates, winters are mild, and decomposition of crop residues generally continues during the rainy winter season. The objective of this study was to determine whether letting crop residues dry before incorporation slows down net nitrogen (N) mineralization and reduces the risk of nitrate losses with rain during the winter months. Incubation experiments were performed with processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) residues. Three residue moisture treatments, ranging from fresh to air‐dry residues, and three soil moisture levels were included in the study. Net N mineralization was observed during the first week in the broccoli treatments, whereas tomato residues led to net N immobilization. Increasing moisture of incorporated residues increased net N mineralization or immobilization. An exception was the fresh broccoli residue, which resulted in a lower net N mineralization rate than the drier residues, likely due to anaerobic microsites created by high microbial activity. The moisture content of the residues only had a short‐term effect on N turnover. Over the 12 wk of the incubations, the incorporation of both residues resulted in net N mineralization when compared with the unamended control. Nitrogen mineralization increased as soil moisture content increased and approached field capacity. These results indicate that residue moisture at the time of incorporation will not affect N mineralization beyond the initial weeks.
RETRACTED: Protection mechanism and empirical study on the endangered status of Pinus kwangtungensis
Authors: Wang Jun , Cui Guofa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we take Pinus kwangtungensis as an example, setting the sample plots along the altitudinal gradient in the same distribution area, and the indicators such as diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, and canopy of different trees in the community were recorded. The spatial pattern and the average survival pressure of P. kwangtungensis populations are analyzed and calculated on a gradient of different altitudes. The results are as follows: (a) The altitude and temperature affect the spatial pattern of the community when aggregated at mid‐ and high altitudes; however, the low altitude is aggregated or uniform, and with increasing altitude, the population aggregation intensity increases. While at a certain height, the aggregation intensity decreased, the intra‐ and inter‐species competition decreased, and the survival pressure decreased; (b) The average survival pressure index of P. kwangtungensis showed a decreasing trend along the rising altitudinal gradient (R2 = 0.31, p = .026), and several plants will continue to migrate to high altitudes for better survival; (c) The average survival pressure index of P. kwangtungensis population was different at the same altitude gradient; (d) For the artificial forest of P. kwangtungensis, the average survival pressure index was 50. It is threatened by the competition tree and needs to be strictly protected. It is necessary to prune or selectively cut the competitive tree species in time. In a word, we figure out that “competition driving” is existent in species, and we could try to verify the existence of the hypothesis.
Diazaphospholene‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions from Aryl Halides**
Authors: Riley Robert D. , Huchenski Blake S. N. , Bamford Karlee L. , Speed Alexander W. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiazaphospholenes are widely used as hydride transfer catalysts, however their use in radical reactions is a recently emerging area. Here, we show prior stoichiometric radical cyclizations of aryl iodides mediated by diazaphospholene hydrides are made catalytic by the combination of phenylsilane and alkali metal salts to regenerate the diazaphospholene hydride. The scope was expanded to include aryl bromides, which benefit from visible light irradiation. Twenty one substrates underwent cyclization, including a dearomative cyclization. Extension to six intermolecular radical hydroarylations with arenes, thiophenes, and a pyridine was also accomplished.
Selective Reduction of Secondary Amides to Imines Catalysed by Schwartz's Reagent**
Authors: Donnelly Liam J. , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Cantat Thibault 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe partial reduction of amides is a challenging transformation that must overcome the intrinsic stability of the amide bond and exhibit high chemoselective control to avoid overreduction to amine products. To address this challenge, we describe a zirconium‐catalysed synthesis of imines by the reductive deoxygenation of secondary amides. This reaction exploits the excellent chemoselectivity of Schwartz's reagent (Cp2Zr(H)Cl) and utilises (EtO)3SiH as a mild stoichiometric reductant to enable catalyst turnover. The reaction generally proceeds with high yields (19 examples, 51 to 95 % yield) and tolerates a variety of functional groups (alkene, ester, nitro, etc.). Stoichiometric mechanistic investigations suggest the regeneration of the active [Zr]−H catalyst is achieved through the metathesis of Si−H and Zr−OR σ‐bonds.
Aggregation behavior of symmetric poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) on subphases of different ionic strengths
Authors: Yang Shicheng , Wen Gangyao , Pispas Stergios , You Kun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfluences of subphase pH value and ionic strength (NaCl concentration) on the aggregation behavior of a symmetric diblock polyelectrolyte poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) (PnBA‐b‐PAA) at the air/water interface and its Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were studied. With the increase of subphase pH value, surface pressure–molecular area isotherms of PnBA‐b‐PAA monolayers shift toward smaller area due to the gradually enhanced ionization and underwater solubility of hydrophilic PAA chains. All the initial LB films transferred from different subphases with/without NaCl (before monolayer compression) exhibit the densely mixed structures of worm‐like aggregates and circular micelles, which indicates that the aggregate formation belongs to the spontaneous mechanism. The micelle core diameters in the LB films increase with the increase of subphase pH value, owing to the enhanced PAA chain solubility and PnBA block aggregation. Under acidic condition, micelle cores are slightly larger upon addition of NaCl due to the enhanced underwater solubility of the uncharged PAA chains triggered by their possible interaction with Cl−. Under neutral/alkaline conditions, micelle cores are also larger upon addition of NaCl, which is attributed to the electrostatic shielding effect of Na+. Upon compression, the LB films prepared under neutral/alkaline conditions exhibit the predominantly large circular micelles.
Multidimensional Immune Profiling of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus In Vivo Stratified by Patient Response to Antimalarials
Authors: Patel Jay , Vazquez Thomas , Chin Felix , Keyes Emily , Yan Daisy , Diaz DeAnna , Grinnell Madison , Sharma Meena , Li Yubin , Feng Rui , Sprow Grant , Dan Josh , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThe pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is multifactorial, and CLE is difficult to treat due to the heterogeneity of inflammatory processes among patients. Antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and quinacrine (QC) have long been used as first‐line systemic therapy; however, many patients do not respond to treatment with antimalarials and require systemic immunosuppressants that produce undesirable side effects. Given the complexity and the unpredictability of responses to antimalarial treatments in CLE patients, we sought to characterize the immunologic profile of patients with CLE stratified by subsequent treatment outcomes to identify potential biomarkers of inducible response.MethodsWe performed mass cytometry imaging of multiple immune cell types and inflammation markers in treatment‐naive skin biopsy samples from 48 patients with CLE to identify baseline immunophenotypes that may predict the response to antimalarial therapy. Patients were stratified according to their response to treatment with antimalarials, as HCQ responders, QC responders, or nonresponders.ResultsHCQ responders demonstrated increased CD4+ T cells compared to the QC responder group. Patients in the nonresponder group were found to have decreased Treg cells compared to QC responders and increased central memory T cells compared to HCQ responders. QC responders expressed increased phosphorylated stimulator of interferon genes (pSTING) and interferon‐κ (IFNκ) compared to HCQ responders. Phosphorylated STING and IFNκ were found to be localized to conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), and the intensity of pSTING and IFNκ staining was positively correlated with the number of cDCs on a tissue and cellular level. Neighborhood analysis revealed decreased regulatory cell interactions in nonresponder patients. Hierarchical clustering revealed that nonresponder patients could be further differentiated based on expression of pSTAT2, pSTAT3, pSTAT4, pSTAT5, phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (pIRF3), granzyme B, pJAK2, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐17, and IFNγ.ConclusionThese findings indicate differential immune cell compositions between patients with CLE, offering guidance for future research on precision‐based medicine and treatment response.
Self‐assembled Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Tunable LCST Behavior in Water
Authors: Xiao Tangxin , Ren Dongxing , Diao Kai , Wang Jie , Li Zheng‐Yi , Sun Xiao‐Qiang , Wang Leyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of stimuli‐responsive fluorescent materials in water based on organic molecule has drawn significant interest. Herein, we designed and synthesized an amphiphilic molecule M containing a fixed tetraphenylethylene moiety (FTPE) as hydrophobic part and tri(ethylene glycol) (TEG) chains as hydrophilic part. Notably, the FTPE moiety is aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active, while the TEG chains are thermo‐responsive. M can self‐assemble into fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) in water, which showed lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. Moreover, its clouding point can be reversibly tuned upon the concentration variation. Interestingly, the NPs can be acted as a fluorescence thermometer in aqueous media owing to their unique AIE and LCST behaviors. Our work herein not only provides an integration strategy to construct stimuli‐responsive fluorescent materials but also shows great potential in biological applications including bioimaging and biosensors.
Opportunities and challenges for the application of biodiesel as automotive fuel in the 21st century
Authors: Hassan Tafsirul , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Rahman Md. Arafat , Nabi Md Nurun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDepletion of fossil fuel and massive emissions of hazardous greenhouse gases are prompting many researchers to focus on greener renewable fuel such as biodiesel, which has the potential to replace petrodiesel partially. This review covers various aspects related to biodiesel feedstock and its effects on biodiesel characteristics, biodiesel production methods, blending techniques, biodiesel properties, combustion, engine performance, and emission analysis, the effects of different additives on biodiesel characteristics, and some challenges associated with biodiesel. Moreover, different relevant empirical correlations of biodiesel properties and combustion parameters are presented. Despite alkali catalysis being the most adopted transesterification process, lipase catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis are potential processes for future biodiesel production from low‐cost feedstock. Biodiesel has higher viscosity, density, flash point, cetane number, and pour point while having low heating value in comparison with petrodiesel. Most studies conducted on diesel engine led to a reduction in brake power, brake thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons, and increased brake specific fuel consumption and oxides of nitrogen are associated with biodiesel compared to petrodiesel. In brief, biodiesel is comparable to petrodiesel. However, before there is a large‐scale application of biodiesel in the automotive sector it has to overcome some challenges such as its compatibility with engine components, its instability, its effect on engine wear, deposit formation, and clogging of fuel filters and injectors. Increased focus should also be given to second‐generation biodiesel over first‐generation biodiesel because second‐generation biodiesel can offset production costs, reduce deforestation, and solve the food versus fuel problem. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can intellectual capital contribute to financial and non‐financial performances during normal and crisis situations?
Authors: Lestari Novita Indri Garini , Adhariani Desi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe contribution of intellectual capital (IC) on financial performance have been found in previous studies but whether IC can also be utilised to improve non‐financial performance has been understudied; let alone the contributions in different economic conditions (normal and crisis periods). This study aims to provide empirical findings to answer these issues by defining non‐financial performance in terms of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and COVID‐19 pandemic to represent the crisis. Non‐financial companies listed on stock exchanges in the Southeast Asia countries that are member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) were selected as the samples for the research period of 2016–2020. The results show that the IC has a positive association with financial performance but a negative relationship with ESG performance. With the COVID‐19 pandemic as the moderating variable, the results show that the pandemic period is not found to moderate the effect of the IC on financial performance and ESG performance. These results indicate that under normal conditions prior to the economic crisis caused by COVID‐19, companies in Southeast Asia prioritised the use of IC to improve financial performance. Meanwhile, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, companies in the region have not utilised IC to improve their financial and non‐financial performance. The findings that IC affect ESG performance negatively need a serious attention amid the increasing awareness of sustainability and the expected role of corporate in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
RLP‐VIO: Robust and lightweight plane‐based visual‐inertial odometry for augmented reality
Authors: Li Jinyu , Zhou Xin , Yang Bangbang , Zhang Guofeng , Wang Xun , Bao Hujun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe propose RLP‐VIO—a robust and lightweight monocular visual‐inertial odometry system using multiplane priors. With planes extracted from the point cloud, visual‐inertial‐plane PnP uses the plane information for fast localization. Depth estimation is susceptible to degenerated motion, so the planes are expanded in a reprojection consensus‐based way robust to depth errors. For sensor fusion, our sliding‐window optimization uses a novel structureless plane‐distance error cost, which prevents the fill‐in effect that poisons the BA problem's sparsity and permits the use of a smaller sliding window while maintaining good accuracy. The total computational cost is further reduced with our modified marginalization strategy. To further improve the tracking robustness, the landmark depths are constrained using the planes during degenerated motion. The whole system is parallelized with a three‐stage pipeline. Under controlled environments, this parallelization runs deterministically and produces consistent results. The resulting VIO system is tested on widely used datasets and compared with several state‐of‐the‐art systems. Our system achieves competitive accuracy and works robustly even on long and challenging sequences. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we also show the AR application running on mobile devices in real‐time.
(+)‐ and (−)‐Xanthostones A–D: Four Pairs of Enantiomeric Cinnamoyl‐β‐Triketone Derivatives from Xanthostemon chrysanthus
Authors: Zhan Qiong , Wu Yan‐Yi , Liu Fen , Li Ni‐Ping , Zhou Xun , Wang Chao‐Qun , Wu Yan , Zhao Wei , Ye Wen‐Cai , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFour pairs of cinnamoyl‐β‐triketone derivative enantiomers, (+)‐ and (−)‐xanthostones A–D ((+)‐ and (−)‐1–4), were isolated from Xanthostemon chrysanthus. Compounds 1 and 2 feature a new rearranged cinnamoyl‐phloroglucinol scaffold fused with a cinnamyl‐β‐triketone framework. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 are the first examples of natural products with a peculiar phenethyl‐pyranone acid unit. Their structures with absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data, X‐ray diffraction analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Interestingly, these novel compounds showed a tautomeric behavior in solution, which was revealed by NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculation. A plausible biosynthetic pathway toward xanthostones A–D was proposed. Additionally, the anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial activities of xanthostones A–D were evaluated.
Regression Modeling for the Prediction of Hydrogen Atom Transfer Barriers in Cytochrome P450 from Semi‐empirically Derived Descriptors
Authors: Gingrich Phillip W. , Siegel Justin B. , Tantillo Dean J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe calculation of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) barriers within the cytochrome P450 catalytic cycle is of central importance for the prediction of metabolites formed from medicinally relevant compounds. We report the accurate estimation of hydrogen atom transfer barriers using inexpensive descriptors computed for a panel of 21 compounds. By a simple univariate linear regression between barriers previously computed using density functional theory (DFT) and newly computed “frozen radical” bond dissociation energies using the GFN2‐xTB method, a mean absolute error of 1 kcal mol−1is achieved. Other affordable levels of theory are studied to assess differences in performance and computational cost. Multiple linear regression incorporating additional descriptors using GFN2‐xTB is shown to predict HAT barriers with mean absolute errors of 0.82 kcal mol−1. With computing times in milliseconds on modest computing hardware, this systematic approach is accessible and extensible to large scale screening workflows.
Water governance on the streets of Scotland: How frontline public workers encounter and respond to tensions in delivering water services with communities
Authors: Holstead Kirsty , Russell Shona , Waylen Kerry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe explore the activities of frontline workers situated in public bodies responsible for water service provision. We use Scotland as a case study. Here, like in other parts of Europe, there are greater expectations and responsibilities placed on communities to tackle water concerns. In this context, frontline workers are required to collaborate closely with communities to encourage their involvement in public services whilst being more attentive to their needs and concerns. Doing so brings the relationship between frontline workers and communities into focus. In water services, a research gap exists as to how frontline workers interact with communities and influence engagement. Although frontline workers in water services have a highly influential role, evidence of how they perform their daily duties remains limited. This gap hinders understanding the challenges that frontline workers experience and how they can be overcome. Responding to this gap, we look to administration and policy studies, where a tradition of studying frontline workers exists in diverse public policy areas. Using the concepts of biasing, aligning and negotiating, we explore the activities of frontline workers. Using interview and observational data, we demonstrate how they (i) bias services to limit and control engagement, (ii) align resources and people to enhance opportunities for engagement and (iii) negotiate with colleagues and communities to deliver goals. We unpack the role of frontline workers and explore their pertinent position in water governance as they work inside and outside their organisations. We finish with conclusions and future avenues for research.
The interaction between silica flat substrate and functional group–modified nanoparticles
Authors: He Xiaohan , Deng Luyu , Shi Liuyong , Deng Yongbo , Zhou Teng , Wen Liping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInspired by nature, the research of functionalized nanoparticles and nanodevices has been in‐depth developed in recent years. In this paper, we theoretically studied the interaction between functional polyelectrolyte brush layer–modified nanoparticles and a silica flat substrate. Based on the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations, the mathematical model is established. The changes of the volume charge density and electric field energy density when the nanoparticle interacts with the silica flat substrate under multi‐ions regulation were investigated. The results show that when there is a strong interaction between the silica flat substrate and nanoparticles, such as the distances between the nanoparticle and silica flat substrate, which are 2 or 5 nm, the isoelectric point shift under the influence of silica flat substrate and the total charge density in the brush layer is jointly controlled by the cations in the solution and the volume charge density of the brush layer. With the increase of the distances between the nanoparticle and silica flat substrate, the regulation of the volume charge density of the brush layer dominates. These results will provide guidance for the movement mechanism of functionalized nanoparticles in silica nanochannels.