bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta‐analysis of Single‐arm Studies
Authors: Wang Bin , He Peng , Liu Xiowei , Wu Zhengfang , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis article aims to summarize the incidence of these complications through a meta‐analysis, analyze the causes of complications and provide clinical promotion and recommendations.MethodsDatabases and retrieval platform including PubMed, Web of science, Springer link, Cochrane clinical trials, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Europe PMC, Wiley online, OVID, Clinical trials, CNKI and WanFang, and supplement the literature through Google Scholar, collect all the unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) controlled trials and non‐controlled trials of UBE in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The search time limit is from January 1, 2000 to December 25, 2021. After two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies, meta‐analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software.ResultsFinally, 24 studies were included, including 999 patients. The results of a single‐arm rate meta‐analysis showed that the overall complication rate of UBE treatment of LSS was 6.27% [95% CI (0.0412, 0.0876)], and the incidence of dural tear was 2.49% [95% CI (0.0133, 0.0390)], the incidence of transient paresthesia was 0.14% [95% CI (0.0000, 0.0072)], the incidence of postoperative spinal epidural hematoma was 0.27% [95% CI (0.0000, 0.0096)], the incidence of postop headache, inadequate decompression, root injury and infection was 0.00%.ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the complication rate of UBE in the treatment of LSS is low, mainly due to dural tears. Limited by the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions still need to be confirmed by more studies.
Dynamic Spine Hyperflexion Is Related to Vertebral Compression Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Zheng Zhirong , Hu Wenhao , Tian Tian , Liu Weibo , Wang Xiangyu , Gao Meng , You Yonggang , Zhang Xuesong 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivePrevious studies on osteoporotic vertebral fractures are usually based on the neutral posture of spine; however, the fractures are usually associated with the flexion posture of spine. Therefore, we aimed to ascertain the relationship between vertebral compression fractures and thoracolumbar hyperflexion Cobb angles (TLHCobb) and determine the clinical cut‐off of the TLHCobb angle.MethodsIn this retrospective case–control study, TLHCobbs were collected from 154 postmenopausal women (67.45 ± 6.68 years) with vertebral compression fractures (study group) and 310 postmenopausal women (66.57 ± 8.22 years) without vertebral compression fractures (control group) from June 2017 to July 2019. Demographic data, clinical data, and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) findings were compared between the groups. Chi‐squared tests, unpaired t‐tests, and Mann Whitney U were used to assess the group characteristics and proportions. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between vertebral compression fractures and TLHCobb. The cut‐off of the TLHCobb was determined by ROC curve and Youden's index.ResultsFracture prevalence was higher in the higher TLHCobb study group than that in the control group [OR = 2.81 (2.15–3.67)] after adjusting for age, BMI, and QCT findings. TLHCobbs at and >20.05° were associated with an increased fracture prevalence and ORs of 2.79 (1.82–4.27) and 4.83 (3.24–7.20), respectively. TLHCobb, disk height (semiquantitative grading score) and QCT values differed between the study and control groups (p < 0.001 for all three). There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI), or coronal TLCobb between the two groups.ConclusionThere was an association between the prevalence of vertebral compression fractures and TLHCobbs in postmenopausal women, and a TLHCobb > 20.05° can be an indicator of vertebral fracture.
A glutathione S‐transferase GhTT19 determines flower petal pigmentation via regulating anthocyanin accumulation in cotton
Authors: Chai Qichao , Wang Xiuli , Gao Mingwei , Zhao Xuecheng , Chen Ying , Zhang Chao , Jiang Hui , Wang Jiabao , Wang Yongcui , Zheng Meina , Baltaevich Ahmedov Miraziz , Zhao Jian , Zhao Junsheng 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAnthocyanin accumulations in the flowers can improve seed production of hybrid lines, and produce higher commodity value in cotton fibre. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the anthocyanin pigmentation in cotton petals is poorly understood. Here, we showed that the red petal phenotype was introgressed from Gossypium bickii through recombination with the segment containing the R3 bic region in the A07 chromosome of Gossypium hirsutum variety LR compared with the near‐isogenic line of LW with white flower petals. The cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside (Cy3G) was the major anthocyanin in red petals of cotton. A GhTT19 encoding a TT19‐like GST was mapped to the R3bic site associated with red petals via map‐based cloning, but GhTT19 homologue gene from the D genome was not expressed in G. hirsutum. Intriguingly, allelic variations in the promoters between GhTT19LW and GhTT19LR, rather than genic regions, were found as genetic causal of petal colour variations. GhTT19‐GFP was found localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and tonoplast for facilitating anthocyanin transport. An additional MYB binding element found only in the promoter of GhTT19LR, but not in that of GhTT19LW, enhanced its transactivation by the MYB activator GhPAP1. The transgenic analysis confirmed the function of GhTT19 in regulating the red flower phenotype in cotton. The essential light signalling component GhHY5 bonded to and activated the promoter of GhPAP1, and the GhHY5‐GhPAP1 module together regulated GhTT19 expression to mediate the light‐activation of petal anthocyanin pigmentation in cotton. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms for anthocyanin accumulation and may lay a foundation for faster genetic improvement of cotton.
A Probabilistic Formalisation of Contextual Bias: from Forensic Analysis to Systemic Bias in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Cuellar Maria , Mauro Jacqueline , Luby Amanda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Researchers have found evidence of contextual bias in forensic science, but the discussion of contextual bias is currently qualitative. We formalise existing empirical research and show quantitatively how biases can be propagated throughout the legal system, all the way up to the final determination of guilt in a criminal trial. We provide a probabilistic framework for describing how information is updated in a forensic analysis setting by using the ratio form of Bayes’ rule. We analyse results from empirical studies using this framework and employ simulations to demonstrate how bias can be compounded where experiments do not exist. We find that even minor biases in the earlier stages of forensic analysis can lead to large, compounded biases in the final determination of guilt in a criminal trial.
Structural fabrics of carbon grains in a natural fault gouge reactivated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Dang Jiaxiang , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNatural fault gouges reactivated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are typically rich in carbon in shallow parts of the seismogenic fault zone. Although experimental evidence indicates that amorphous carbon can be changed to graphite during seismic slips, this transformation has not yet been observed in nature. We conducted a nanoscale investigation of a carbon‐rich co‐seismic gouge from a surface rupture related to the Wenchuan earthquake using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. We found that all mineral grains were wrapped in amorphous carbonaceous materials with sinuate and straight graphene layer stacks. The sinuate layer was the transient material (~0.3456 nm) formed by amorphous carbon transforming to graphite; the graphene layer was graphite flakes (0.3354 nm). This means that graphitization occurred on the mineral grain surfaces (asperities) in the shallow slip zones during previous earthquake cycles, which could decrease the friction strength of the co‐seismic fault gouge and explain the dynamic weakness of the shallow parts of the Longmenshan seismogenic fault zone.
Multisensory integration of orally‐sourced gustatory and olfactory inputs to the posterior piriform cortex in awake rats
Authors: Idris Ammar , Christensen Brooke A. , Walker Ellen M. , Maier Joost X. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlavour refers to the sensory experience of food, which is a combination of sensory inputs sourced from multiple modalities during consumption, including taste and odour. Previous work has demonstrated that orally‐sourced taste and odour cues interact to determine perceptual judgements of flavour stimuli, although the underlying cellular‐ and circuit‐level neural mechanisms remain unknown. We recently identified a region of the piriform olfactory cortex in rats that responds to both taste and odour stimuli. Here, we investigated how converging taste and odour inputs to this area interact to affect single neuron responsiveness ensemble coding of flavour identity. To accomplish this, we recorded spiking activity from ensembles of single neurons in the posterior piriform cortex (pPC) in awake, tasting rats while delivering taste solutions, odour solutions and taste + odour mixtures directly into the oral cavity. Our results show that taste and odour inputs evoke highly selective, temporally‐overlapping responses in multisensory pPC neurons. Comparing responses to mixtures and their unisensory components revealed that taste and odour inputs interact in a non‐linear manner to produce unique response patterns. Taste input enhances trial‐by‐trial decoding of odour identity from small ensembles of simultaneously recorded neurons. Together, these results demonstrate that taste and odour inputs to pPC interact in complex, non‐linear ways to form amodal flavour representations that enhance identity coding.
imageKey points
Experience of food involves taste and smell, although how information from these different senses is combined by the brain to create our sense of flavour remains unknown.
We recorded from small groups of neurons in the olfactory cortex of awake rats while they consumed taste solutions, odour solutions and taste + odour mixtures.
Taste and smell solutions evoke highly selective responses. When presented in a mixture, taste and smell inputs interacted to alter responses, resulting in activation of unique sets of neurons that could not be predicted by the component responses.
Synergistic interactions increase discriminability of odour representations.
The olfactory cortex uses taste and smell to create new information representing multisensory flavour identity.
Fast and Stable Iterative Algorithm for Searching Wheel–Rail Contact Point Based on Geometry Constraint Equations
Authors: Wang Jianbin , Song Chunyuan , Zhang Dafu , Li Dadi , Qu Sheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a fast and stable iterative algorithm for wheel–rail contact geometry based on constraint equations, which can be implemented in dynamic wear simulations that real-time profile updating is needed. Further, critical factors that determine convergence and iteration stability are analyzed. A B-spline is adopted for wheel–rail profile modeling because it does not contribute to changes in the global shape of curves. It is found that the smoothness of the first and second derivative curves significantly affects the numerical stability of the Jacobian matrix, which determines the increments in iterations. Moreover, a damped Newton's iteration formula with a scaling factor of 0.5 is proposed considering the convergence rate and out-of-bound issues for the updated step. The influence of the initial iteration parameters on the convergence is studied using Newton fractals. The range within ±3 mm, centered on the target contact point, is found to be an unconditionally stable domain. The proposed method could achieve convergence within 10 and 30 steps under thread and flange contact conditions, respectively.
Influence of the Phase Transformation Behaviour of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Wires on the Predictability of Strain During Operation
Authors: Theren Benedict , Heß Philipp , Bracke Stefan , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Predicting the stroke (respectively the strain) of binary Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is a challenging, but interesting task for designers of SMA components. Due to fatigue the resulting stroke decreases with an increasing cycle count. In the past several approaches were investigate to control the stroke of an SMA component based on models resulting from the energy conservation equation. By heating the wire energy goes into the system. Via heat content, convection, radiation the heat conduction via mechanical power (lifting a weight) and phase transformation energy leaves the system. In 2004 Oelschläger proposed a model to calculate the resulting stroke of an SMA wire based on the electric energy. The presented work aims to extend Oelschläger’s model and takes the fatigue of the phase transformation temperature (PTT) into account, by monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, electric resistance, force, temperature and the maximum strain. The leading question for this work is: How well does this model perform for SMA wires generating a full stroke within small temperature ranges? The developed model is tested based on 8 pre-cycled binary NiTi wires (diameter 0.25 mm, 350 MPa stress, 4 % strain and PTT between 120 °C and 125 °C) using two different test setups (test rigs, input parameters). Finally, all results are described and discussed in detail. The fatigue tests are analyzed using statistical methods. Peak values of all recorded parameters are extracted of the fatigue tests. Furthermore, the deviation between the experiments and the simulations are determined to compare the simulation model with the real measurement series of the performed fatigue tests. The simulation model is suitable to predict the stroke of a wire if the deviation is less than e.g. 10 %. In this context, the influence of the PTT is the focus of the analysis. The results show that the PTT has a significant impact. The narrower the PTT range is, the more acurate the simulation model and the initial parameters of the simulation have to be.
Characterization and Uncertainty Analysis of Heat Transport in 3D Printed Multifractal Media
Authors: Ramesh Dinesh , Stanisauskis Eugenia , Consoliver-Zack Jakob , Pahari Basanta R. , Oates William S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fractal structures represent a broad class of multiscale material structures that can find applications in stimuli-responsive materials. Design and optimization of the complex adaptive structures require understanding and tuning of multiscale transport properties of materials. Studying spatial and temporal diffusion further increases the complexity and introduces uncertainty in quantifying the model prediction. In this work, a series of 3D fractal structures with varying fractal dimensions were constructed using the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) algorithm. The fractal structures were 3D printed with a fused filament fabrication process (FFF), and transient heat-transfer properties were analyzed using thermal imaging. The experimental results were analyzed to obtain the time constants and characteristic length scales of diffusion as a function of the average fractal dimension.
Fatigue Analysis of Bistable Composite Laminate
Authors: Chowdhury Shoab Ahmed , Li Suyi , Myers Oliver J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bistable composite laminates have exhibited enormous potential in morphing and energy harvesting followed by a wide range of application in aerospace, power generation and automobile industries. This study presents the fatigue analysis of bistable laminates in terms of stiffness degradation and loss of bistability. Moisture saturation of the specimens are ensured by keeping them in a controlled laboratory environment for an extended period of time. Mass of the specimens have been measured to quantify the moisture saturation. Fatigue tests are performed at 1 Hz frequency, and R = −1 stress ratio which is the ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress. Specimens are tested for 3 million cycles in displacement control. Load-displacement plot from the test is divided into 5 stiffness regions. A piecewise study of each region has demonstrated good agreement with existing analytical model. Stiffness degradation in 4 regions corresponding to 2 stable configurations follows general trend for composites up to the second stage of damage in three stage damage progression model while the remaining region corresponding to unstable configuration is not considered in this analysis. Test results have been reproduced with minor discrepancy at the specified environmental and loading condition, ply configuration, and size of the laminate. Test protocols, results, and damage analysis presented in this study can be utilized to evaluate the fatigue performance of multistable CFRP structures subjected to higher amplitudes and frequencies.
Design of a Modular Lifespan Test Bench for Shape Memory Alloy Wires
Authors: Mayer Joshua , Molitor Philipp , Goergen Yannik , Motzki Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To determine the lifespan of a system, the lifespan of all parts as well as the interaction of the parts as a system must be known. Accordingly, in systems where shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are used as actuator elements, their lifespan must be determined as well. Therefore, a test bench to determine the lifespan of SMA wires is needed. Since the requirements of actuator systems differ for example in stroke, response time or force, the test bench will be designed in an as modular way as possible. This allows for testing different actuator configurations as for example single wires or wire bundles of different diameters. This work outlines the development of the test bench, discusses first measurements of a 3D printed validation setup and concludes with a summary and an outlook on the optimization steps as well as the tests to be performed.
Development of Material Property Feasibility Constraints for a Multiscale Topology Optimization Framework Using Radial Basis Function Interpolations
Authors: Bielefeldt Brent R. , Beblo Richard , Lawson Kevin , Lowe Robert 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Considering structural design at both the macro- and mesoscale can result in novel and non-intuitive solutions, especially for applications in which there exist multiple performance criteria and/or constraints across multiple physical fields. In such an approach, it is crucial that the bounds of the design space at the mesoscale are well-defined such that the response of the structure at the macroscale remains feasible. Previous work has demonstrated the use of radial basis function (RBF) interpolations to generate N-dimensional constraint surfaces using optimal responses from a single Pareto frontier obtained via an initial optimization study that considers mesoscale structural topologies generated using a parametric L-system approach. However, it has been determined that the responses from a single Pareto frontier allow for the RBF constraints to extrapolate into areas that remain infeasible and are thus inadequate to fully define the bounds of the design space. This work will explore the extension of this approach to consider the 2N Pareto frontiers that exist for a given problem and demonstrate that they result in more rigorous material property constraints. This method will then be applied to an academic example that considers both structural and thermal boundary conditions, and the effects of both the material property constraints and trade-offs between the two sets of boundary conditions will be detailed.
Intersession Variability of Knee Extension Kinetics Using a Strain Gauge Device With Differing Clinically Practical Physical Constraints
Authors: Juneau Christopher M. , Diewald Shelley N. , Neville Jonathan , Cronin John B. , Oranchuk Dustin J. 
Published: November 2022

Context: Intrasession reliabilities of isometric knee extension kinetics via portable strain gauge have been reported across several knee joint angles and constraints. However, intersession variabilities, which are more valuable, have yet to be determined. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the intersession variability of knee extension kinetics over 3 testing sessions using an affordable and portable strain gauge. Design: Participants performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors over 3 sessions. Methods: Eleven (6 men and 5 women; 31 [6.4] y) volunteers performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions in constrained (isokinetic setup with thigh and chest straps) and unconstrained (treatment plinth) conditions. Peak force (PF), peak rate of force development, rate of force development (RFD), and impulse (IMP) from 20% to 80% of PF were assessed. Means, SDs, percentage changes, minimal detectable changes, coefficients of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated and reported. Results: PF had the lowest intersession variability regardless of condition (CV = 5.5%–13.8%, ICC = .67–.93). However, variability of peak rate of force development (CV [range] = 12.2%–24.7%, ICC = .50–.78), RFD (CV = 10.0%–26.8%, ICC = .48–.84), and IMP (CV = 15.2%–35.4%, ICC = .44–.88) was moderate at best. The constrained condition (CV [SD] = 14.1% [4.8%], ICC = .74 [.08]) had lower variability compared with the plinth (CV = 19.8% [7.9%], ICC = .68 [.15]). Variability improved from sessions 1 to 2 (CV = 20.4% [7.7%], ICC = .64 [.14]) and to sessions 2 to 3 (CV = 15.3% [6.4%], ICC = .76 [.10]). Conclusions: PF can be assessed regardless of setup. However, RFD and IMP changes across sessions should be approached with caution. Backrests and thigh straps improve RFD and IMP variability, and at least 1 familiarization session should be provided before relying on knee-extensor kinetics while utilizing a portable strain gauge.
Distraction From Smartphones Changed Pedestrians’ Walking Behaviors in Open Areas
Authors: Luo Yue , Grimaldi Nicolas , Zheng Haolan , Giang Wayne C.W. , Hu Boyi 
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of phone use has become a major concern for pedestrian safety. Using smartphones while walking reduces pedestrians’ ability to perceive the environment by increasing their cognitive, manual, and visual demands. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of common phone tasks (i.e., reading, tapping, gaming) on walking behaviors during outdoor walking. Nineteen young adults were instructed to complete four walking conditions (walking only, walking–reading, walking–tapping, and walking–gaming) along an open corridor. Results showed that all three phone tasks increased participants’ neck flexion (i.e., neck kyphosis) during walking. Meanwhile, the reading task showed a greater influence on the temporal aspect during the early phases of a gait cycle. The tapping task lowered the flexion angles of the middle and lower back (i.e., torso lordosis) and induced a longer terminal double support. And the gaming task resulted in a decrease in middle back flexion, a shorter stride length, and a longer terminal double support while walking. Findings from the study confirmed our hypothesis that phone tasks changed pedestrians’ physical responses to smartphone distraction while walking. To avoid potential risks caused by the observed posture and gait adaptations, safety precautions (e.g., roadside/electronic warning signals) might be imposed depending on the workload expected by different phone tasks.