bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic injuries in trauma patients, A nationwide register study including 37266 patients
Authors: Holtenius Jonas , Berg Hans E , Enocson Anders 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose Trauma causes over 4 million annual deaths globally and accounts for over 10 % of the global burden of disease. Trauma patients often sustain multiple injuries in multiple organ systems. This study aims to investigate the incidence of orthopaedic injuries in adult trauma patients.MethodsThe study was a register-based study using data from the national Swedish trauma register – SweTrau. The inclusion criteria for the register are all patients with a trauma that activated the trauma team at the admitting hospital, or patients admitted without trauma team activation but with NISS (New Injury Severity Score) >15. By categorizing Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes into different orthopaedic injury types, we provided a detailed description of what types of orthopaedic injuries that occurred in trauma patients.ResultsA total of 37266 patients were included in the study. A total of 15246 (40%) patients had sustained any orthopaedic injury, and 7733 (51%) patients had more than one orthopaedic injury. Spine injuries were the most common type of injury affecting 19% (n= 7083) of all trauma patients, followed by injuries of the upper extremities (n=6273, 17%) and lower extremities (n=5943, 16%). Fractures were the domination type of orthopaedic injury (n=30755, 87%). Traffic injury was the most common injury mechanism with almost half (n= 18112, 49%) of the patients being admitted after some sort of traffic related incidentConclusionOrthopaedic injuries are common in trauma and occur in 40% of trauma patients. Slightly more than half of the patients with orthopaedic injury had ≥2 orthopaedic injuries.
Development, promotion, and application of online OvAge calculator based on the WeChat applet: Clinical prediction model research
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Wang Hui , Han LinTing , Zhao XueLi , Chen PanPan , Zhao Haiyang , Jin Jing , Zhu Zheng , Ren Qingling , Shao Fang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Currently, there are many clinical markers and models for evaluating ovarian reserve. However, none of them is ideal, especially the ovarian reserve assessment model applied to Chinese women, which needs further research. It is well known that the number of clinical samples is the main factor limiting the specificity and sensitivity of markers and models. At the same time, the traditional method of recruiting subjects requires a lot of time and has a high cost.Purpose: In this study, to explore the possibility of subjects self-reporting through WeChat applets and to provide more data for further optimization of the OvAge model, we developed an ovarian age prediction model for Chinese women.Methods: This study developed an online Ovarian Age（OvAge） calculator based on the WeChat applet and applied a generalized linear model to optimize the ovarian age prediction model that meets the physiological characteristics of Chinese women.Results: Compared with traditional recruitment methods, the online OvAge calculator can collect a large number of subjects in a very short time, which is efficient and convenient. In addition, the optimized formula, OvAge=exp(3.5254-0.001*PRL-0.0231*AMH), is currently a suitable model for ovarian age assessment of healthy Chinese women. We applied the final equation to the healthy population, decreased ovarian reserve (DOR), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) population datasets. The results show that there is no significant difference between ovarian age and chronological age in healthy people, and the prediction accuracy is high.Conclusion: The OvAge calculator based on the WeChat applet is a new type of online self-report system that can collect a large number of subjects in a short time and can continuously optimize the model and update the applet version. This model is economical and efficient, and it is worthy of [1]promotion. The optimized OvAge model also provides a reference value for the clinical evaluation of ovarian reserve.
Fast and Robust Detection of Adversarial Attacks in the Problem Space using Machine Learning
Authors: NASEEM MUHAMMAD LUQMAN , Sehar Uroosa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Machine learning is widely accepted as an accurate statistical approach for malware detection to cope with the rising uncertainty risk and complexity of modern intrusions. Not only has machine learning security been asked, but it has also been challenged in the past. However, it has been identified that machine learning contains intrinsic weaknesses that may be exploited to avoid detection during testing. So, look at it another way, machine learning can become an intelligence system bottleneck. We use the related attack methodology to classify different types of attacks using learning-based malware detection techniques in this research by evaluating attackers with unique abilities and talents. After this, to carefully identify the security of Drebin, Android malware detection has been performed. We implemented and did a set of comparable malware detection using the linear SVM and other relevant techniques, including Sec-SVM, Reduced SVM, Reduced Sec-SVM, Na ̈ıve Bayes, Random Forest Classifier, and some deep neural networks. The main agenda of this paper is the presentation of a scalable and straightforward securelearning methodology that reduces the effect of adversarial attacks. In the presence of an attack, the detection accuracy is only a bit worsened. Finally, we evaluate that our robust technique may be accurately adapted to additional intrusion prevention tasks.
Serum Ferritin As A Novel Predictive Marker For Breast Cancer Metastasis And Correlation With Metastasis-Associated Burden
Authors: Yao Xufeng , He Xiang , Gan Lu , Wang Xiaoyi , Cheng Qiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study evaluated the potential of serum ferritin to predict the breast cancer metastasis incidence and correlation with the metastasis-associated burden. A total of 364 patients with breast cancer comprising 123 patients with distant metastasis and 241 with no metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. The levels of the three serum tumor markers, namely ferritin, CA15-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were analyzed in different pathological types and metastatic sites. Of these, serum ferritin was associated with breast cancer metastasis with the highest sensitivity and specificity. An optimal ferritin cut-off value of 170.7 μg/mL was obtained.The capacity for metastatic breast cancer detection was significantly higher when using a combination of two or all three markers for detection. The combination of ferritin and CA15-3 could be the optimal choice considering socioeconomics and predictive ability. Ferritin has higher predictive efficiency in HR- / HER2+ and HR- / HER2- molecular subtypes. The baseline serum ferritin, CA15-3, and CEA levels in breast cancer reflected the extent of tumor dissemination to the metastatic sites, which reflected the correlation between tumor markers and metastasis-associated burden. The serum ferritin, CA15-3, and CEA levels in patients with liver metastasis were significantly higher than those in patients with lung and bone metastasis. Therefore, ferritin can be a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring breast cancer metastasis.
ER-Golgi and lysosomal pathways together drive fibrous tissue formation
Authors: Pickard Adam , Garva Richa , Adamson Antony , Calverley Ben , Hoyle Anna , Hayward Christina , Spiller David , Lu Yinhui , Hodson Nigel , Swift Joe , Bigger Brian , Kadler Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vast numbers of elongated collagen fibrils are assembled in the extracellular matrix during development then persist unchanged throughout life to maintain tissue shape. How cells distinguish between the synthesis of new fibrils and elongation of existing fibrils cannot be explained with our current understanding of protein secretion. Using CRISPR/Cas9 endogenous engineering of cells to express collagen-I containing photoswitchable and bioluminescent tags, we showed that fibroblasts secrete 100,000 collagen-I molecules/h via the conventional ER-Golgi pathway whereas fibril formation occurs at the plasma membrane at times longer than 24 h and requires functional lysosomes that store procollagen, without degradation, with a t½ of 70 h. We showed that cells from patients with lysosomal storage disorders exhibit impaired collagen fibril assembly. Thus, we have uncovered distinct transport routes for collagen fibril nucleation versus elongation. We suggest targeting lysosomal function could be a new approach for treating collagenopathies for which cures are unavailable.
Discovering Common Pathogenic Mechanisms of COVID-19 and Parkinson Disease: an Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Jahanimoghadam Aria , Abdolahzadeh Hadis , rad Niloofar Khoshdel , Zahiri Javad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged since December 2019 and was later characterized as a pandemic by WHO, imposing a major public health threat globally. Our study aimed to identify common signatures from different biological levels to enlighten the current unclear association between COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease (PD) as a number of possible links and hypotheses were reported in the literature. We have analyzed transcriptome data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both COVID-19 and PD patients, resulting in a total of 81 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment analysis of common DEGs are mostly involved in the complement system, type II interferon signaling (IFNG) pathway, oxidative damage, microglia pathogen phagocytosis pathway, GABAergic synapse. The protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) construction was carried out followed by hub detection, revealing 10 hub genes (MX1, IFI27, C1QC, C1QA, IFI6, NFIX, C1S, XAF1, IFI35, and ELANE). Some of the hub genes were associated with molecular mechanisms such as Lewy bodies-induced inflammation, microglia activation, and cytokine storm. We investigated regulatory elements of hub genes at transcription factor and microRNA levels. The major transcription factors regulating hub genes are SOX2, XAF1, RUNX1, MITF, and SPI1. We propose that these events may have important roles in the onset or progression of PD. To sum up, our analysis describes possible mechanisms linking COVID-19 and PD, elucidating some unknown clues in between.
High resolution records of caesium, plutonium, americium and uranium isotopes in sediment cores from Swiss lakes
Authors: Röllin Stefan , Corcho-Alvarado José Antonio , Sahli Hans , Putyrskaya Victoria , Klemt Eckehard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Aare river system in Switzerland, with two nuclear power plants on the banks of the river, and its intermediate lakes and reservoirs, provide a unique opportunity to analyze the contribution of different sources to the radioactive contamination. Sediment cores were collected from two lakes and a reservoir, all connected by the river Aare. In order to study the influence of the Chernobyl accident, one sediment core was collected from a lake in the southern part of Switzerland. The sediment cores were sliced and analysed with gamma ray spectrometry. Plutonium, americium and uranium were extracted radiochemically and their concentrations measured with a sector field ICP-MS. The uranium isotope ratios were further measured with a multi collector ICP-MS. The maximum 137Cs activity from the Chernobyl accident and the Pu and 137Cs activities associated to the 1963 global fallout maximum were well identified in sediments from all three lakes. High resolution records of plutonium isotopes in the zone of the sediments corresponding to the period of maximum fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapon showed distinct fingerprints, depending on the different test activities. Pu isotope ratios could be used to detect non global fallout plutonium. The ratio 241Am/241Pu was used to determine the age of the plutonium. Despite of very low 241Pu and 241Am concentrations, the calculated plutonium production dates seemed to be reasonable for the sediment layers corresponding to the NWT tests. The calculated production date of the plutonium in the upper most 15 cm of the sediment core seemed to be younger. The reason for this could be additional non-global fallout plutonium or a higher mobility of plutonium compared to americium. For the lake sediments, natural ratios for 235U/238U and enriched or depleted ratios for 234U/238U were measured, depending on the lake. A small increase of the 236U/238U ratio could be recognized for the NWT zone in all three lakes and, for Lake Lugano, a further distinct increase in the Chernobyl layer.
Effects of the pannexin-1 hemichannel inhibitor probenecid on rat enteric glial cells following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Mendes Cristina Eusébio , Palombit Kelly , Pereira Thaira Thalita Alves , Castelucci Patricia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background : This study examined the effects of probenecid (PB), a pannexin-1 channel antagonist, on the enteric glial cells of the rat ileum after ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: The ileal vessels were occluded for 45 min with atraumatic vascular clamps, and the tissue was then reperfused for periods of 24 h and 14 and 28 days. After ischemia, the animals were either left without further treatment (IR groups) or treated with PB (PB groups). Results: The results demonstrated that glial cells were immunoreactive for S100β and/or GFAP and that the pannexin-1 channel was present in glial cells. Density analyses (in cells/cm2) showed that the IR groups exhibited a decrease in the numbers of cells immunoreactive for pannexin-1 and HuC/D and that treatment with PB caused their numbers to recover. The number of glial cells (S100β and GFAP) was elevated in the IR group, and PB treatment decreased the total number of glia, but the number of S100β-positive glia did not recover. Additionally, the cell profile area (μm2) of S100β-positive glial cells showed no recovery in the PB groups. The contractile activity of the ileum was decreased in the IR groups and restored in the PB groups. Conclusions: PB can effectively induce the recovery of neurons and glial cells and is thus a potential therapeutic agent for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Repurposing Peptidomimetic Drugs as Potential Inhibitors of Novel SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Using Network Theory: A Protein-Ligand Binding Site Similarity Approach
Authors: Bhayye Sagar , Sukumar Nagamani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A new strain of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, which has not only affected the health of millions of individuals, but also caused severe socio-economic disruption. To curb the spread of the virus, various strategies have been employed to develop new drug therapy. Considering the pandemic condition, targeting the substrate binding site of main protease enzyme of SARS-CoV-2, which plays an important role in replication of the coronavirus, will be beneficial. Its high similarity with its predecessor virus’s main protease and dissimilarity with human protease makes it a promising target and will also facilitate drug repurposing. In this study, we have used Protein Encoded Shape Distributions (PESD) to calculate similarity between the ligand binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and other proteins. Similarity networks were constructed between these proteins using different distance metrics with edge density < 0.1 percent. Construction of low edge density protein-ligand binding site similarity networks helped in rational identification of the most similar ligand binding sites of proteins with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Based on this knowledge, a dataset of FDA approved drug molecules as well as experimental drugs was collected from the literature. These molecules were subjected to virtual screening through molecular docking against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, followed by conventional molecular dynamics simulation, replica exchange molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations. Based on these studies Q27458218 have been found to be suitable for repurposing as a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor.
The changes of the calf-vein deformation and femoral vein peak velocity during ankle pump exercise with or without graduated compression stockings
Authors: Li Xinhua , Zhuang Zaikai , Ai Dongmei , Yao Yao , Zheng Liming , Qin Jianghui , Chen Dongyang , Chai Senlin , Lu Jun , Jiang Qing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To analyze the changes of lower limb hemodynamics parameters before and after wearing graduated compression stockings (GCS) during ankle pump exercise in patients preparing for arthroplastic surgery.Method: The leg veins of 16 patients awaiting arthroplasty were analyzed using a Sonosite M-Turbo ultrasound system during ankle pump exercise with or without GCS. Measured data including the cross-sectional area (CSA), anteroposterior (AP) diameter and lateromedial (LM) diameter of the soleus vein (SV), posterior tibial vein (PTV) and great saphenous vein (GSV). Additionally, the peak velocities of femoral vein (FV) were also measured. Results: GCS could significantly decrease the cross-sectional area of SV, PTV and GSV in supine position at rest and maximum ankle plantar flexion. But the compression effect of GCS to SV and GSV was not observed during maximum ankle dorsiflexion. We also found that GCS application reduced the peak flow velocity of the femoral vein from 61.85 cm/s (95% CI = 50.94-72.75 cm/s) to 38.01cm/s (95% CI = 28.42-47.59 cm/s) (P＜0.001) during ankle plantar flexion and decreased the femoral vein in these patients from 80.65cm/s (95% CI = 70.37-90.92 cm/s) to 51.15 cm/s (95% CI = 42.58-59.73 cm/s) (P＜0.001) during ankle dorsiflexion. But this effect was not significant in supine position at rest.Conclusions: GCS could significantly reduce the peak flow velocity of the femoral vein during ankle pump exercise in the patients preparing for arthroplastic surgery.
How does vertical fiscal imbalance affect CO2 emissions ? the role of capital mismatch
Authors: Feng Tianchu , Liu Liangliang , Liu Meijuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The issue of climate warming caused by greenhouse gases is an important practical issue. This research aims to explore the impact of vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) on CO2 emissions from the perspective of theoretical analysis and empirical research. This study uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2018 to test this issue. Results show that VFI has a significant positive impact on CO2 emissions and that capital misallocation exacerbates the positive impact of VFI on CO2 emissions. These research results also have significant temporal heterogeneity. In the sample results after 2008, the results are more significant. These conclusions provide an economic and political reference for local governments to achieve CO2 neutrality and CO2 peaking policy goals and to promote in-depth reform of the fiscal system.
DNA uptake by cell wall-deficient bacteria reveals a putative ancient macromolecule uptake mechanism
Authors: Kapteijn Renee , Shitut Shraddha , Aschmann Dennis , Zhang Le , de Beer Marit , Daviran Deniz , Roverts Rona , Akiva Anat , Wezel Gilles van , Kros Alexander , Claessen Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer in bacteria is widely believed to occur via three main mechanisms: conjugation, transduction and transformation. These mechanisms facilitate the passage of DNA across the protective cell wall using sophisticated machinery. We present here a new mechanism of DNA uptake that is independent of canonical DNA uptake machineries and is used by bacteria that live without a cell wall. We show that the cell wall-deficient bacteria engulf extracellular material, whereby intracellular vesicles are formed, and DNA is internalized. This mechanism is not specific to DNA, and allows uptake of other macromolecules and even 125 nm lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Uptake was prevented by molecules known to inhibit eukaryotic endocytosis, suggesting this to be an energy-dependent process. Given that cell wall-deficient bacteria are considered a model for early life forms, our work provides a possible mechanism for primordial cells to acquire new genetic material or food before invention of the bacterial cell wall.
Ion Transport and Limited Currents in Supporting Electrolytes and Ionic Liquids
Authors: Schalenbach Maximilian , Durmus Yasin Emre , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , Eichel Rüdiger-A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Supporting electrolytes contain inert dissolved salts to increase the conductivity, change microenvironments near the electrodes and assist in electrochemical reactions. Herein, a combined experimental and computational study examines the impact of supporting salts on the ion transport and limited currents of electrochemical reactions. A physical model that describes multi-ion transport in liquid electrolytes and the related concentration gradients is discussed. This model and its parameterization are evaluated by the measured limited current of the copper deposition in a CuSO4 electrolyte under a gradually increasing amount of Na2SO4 that acts as a supporting salt. A computational sensibility analysis of the transport model reveals that the shared conductance between the ions lowers the limited currents with larger supporting salt concentrations. When the supporting salt supplies most of the conductance, the electric-field-driven transport of the electrochemically active ions becomes negligible so that the limited current drops to the diffusion-limited current that is described by Fick’s first law. The transition from diluted supporting electrolyte to the case of ionic liquids is elucidated with the transport model, highlighting the different physical transport mechanisms in a non-conducting (polar) and a conducting (ionic) solvent.
Exploring the mechanistic pathways of how social network influences social norms in adolescent smoking prevention interventions
Authors: Montes Felipe , Blanco Martha , Useche Andres , Sanchez-Franco Sharon , Caro Carlos , Tong Lei , Li Jie , Zhou Huiyu , Murray Jennifer M. , Sarmiento Olga L. , Kee Frank , Hunter Ruth F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We know little about how smoking prevention interventions might leverage social network structures to enhance protective social norms. In this study we combined statistical and network science methods to explore how social networks influence social norms related to adolescent smoking in school-specific settings in Northern Ireland and Colombia. Pupils (12–15 years old) participated in two smoking prevention interventions in both countries (n = 1344). A Latent Transition Analysis identified three groups characterized by descriptive and injunctive norms towards smoking. We employed a Separable Temporal Random Graph Model to analyze homophily in social norms and conducted a descriptive analysis of the changes in the students’ and their friends’ social norms over time to account for social influence. The results showed that students were more likely to be friends with others who had social norms against smoking. However, students with social norms favorable towards smoking had more friends with similar views than the students with perceived norms against smoking, underlining the importance of network thresholds. Our results support that the ASSIST intervention takes advantage of the friendship network to make a greater change in the students' smoking social norms than the Dead Cool intervention, supporting that social norms are subject to social influence.