bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD9 exacerbates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through regulating GP130/STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Li Yue , Huang Kun , Kong Lingyao , Hao Zhenxuan , Zhou Yanjun , Shangguan Jiahong , Gao Lu , Wang Mingdan , Kang Yue , Li Xiangrao , Zhang Chao , Liu Zhibo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pathological myocardial hypertrophy is a common cardiovascular disease that can progress to heart failure. At present, there is no ideal therapeutic drug in clinical practice. This study aimed to find new therapeutic targets for pathological myocardial hypertrophy. CD9 is a member of the tetraspanin protein family which is widely studied in inflammation and cancer, but has not been studied in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we found that the expression of CD9 increased in TAC myocardial tissue. Knockdown of CD9 can alleviate the damage of cardiac function in TAC model, and can reduce heart weight, cardiomyocyte size and degree of fibrosis; overexpression of CD9 can aggravate the damage of cardiac function in TAC model, and can increase cardiac weight, cardiomyocyte size and degree of fibrosis. Mechanistically, Co-IP results showed that CD9 and GP130 can bind to each other in cardiomyocytes, knockdown of CD9 can reduce the protein level of GP130 and phosphorylation of STAT3, and overexpression of CD9 can increase the protein level of GP130 and phosphorylation of STAT3 in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of GP130 reversed the aggravating effect of CD9 on pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we conclude that CD9 exacerbates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through regulating GP130/STAT3 signalling pathway and it may serve as a therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
A combined technique of external fixation over an intramedullary nail in the treatment of bone defect caused by infection
Authors: Maimaiti Xiayimaierdan , Liu Kai , Liu Yanshi , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang , Xie Zengru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of patients with tibial bone defects treated by a combined technique of external fixation over an intramedullary nail (EFIN).
Methods: The clinical and radiographic data of patients with infected bone defects were documented and analyzed between May 2010 and January 2019. The bone and functional outcomes were evaluated according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of the Ilizarov (ASAMI) criterion, and postoperative complications were evaluated by Paley classification.
Results: A total of 15 patients were successfully managed by a combined technique of EFIN with a mean follow-up time of 31 ± 5.88 months. This cohort included 13 males and 2 females with a mean age of 41.13 ± 7.4 years. The mean duration of infection was 29.8 ± 5.73 months with a mean previous surgery of 2.6 per patient. Ten patients (76.9%) were infected with S. aureus and 3 patients (23%) with P. cuprina. The mean defect size (DS) was 5.68 ± 0.72 cm. Bone union was achieved in all patients, with a mean bone union time (BUT) of 6.72 ± 0.66 months. The mean external fixation time (EFT) and external fixation index (EFI) of this cohort were 2.13 ± 0.25 months and 0.37 ± 0.08 months/cm. Pin tract infection occurred in 2 patients, joint stiffness in one patient, and delayed union in one patient, which was defined as minor. Based on the ASAMI criteria, the bone grade was good in 14 patients, fair in 1 patient, and the function grade was good in 13 patients, fair in 2 patients.
Conclusions: The combined technique of EFIN was a valid alternative to manage the infected bone defects in lower limbs, which could effectively reduce the EFT, EFI and incidence of complications.
Characteristics of infant deciduous teeth of the Yangshao culture at the Yuhuazhai site in Xi'an, China
Authors: Lei Shuai , Guo Yi , Chen Liang , Zhai Linlin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we observed and measured 168 infant deciduous tooth crowns from the early Yangshao culture (4500 ± BCE) excavated from the Yuhuazhai site in Xi'an, China, in an attempt to reveal the phenotypic characteristics of this population, as well as to complement the morphological characteristics and dimensions of the crowns of prehistoric Chinese deciduous teeth. Additionally, the Yangshao cultural population's formation factors of hereditary traits and their relationship with other groups were investigated using the deciduous teeth. The research methods we used were mainly the buccolingual diameters (BL) and mesiodistal diameters (MD) of the crowns of deciduous teeth with varied dental locations that were measured in addition to the obsevation and statistical analysis of the 11 most representative unmeasured features. Our results indicated the tooth crown shape of the Yuhuazhai infant's deciduous teeth is similar to that of the Northeast Asian population's "Sinodonty," and it also has a small percentage of the Southeast Asian population's "Sundadonty" traits. Additionally, compared to other Chinese groups, this group showed no change in the crown of deciduous teeth in varied dental locations, with the exception of the mandibular second deciduous molar crown, which was somewhat smaller than that of Homo erectus in China. Overall, the morphological traits of infant deciduous teeth in the group are essentially compatible with the genetic characteristics reflected in the skulls of other Yangshao culture populations. Furthermore, the similarity of deciduous tooth size in different Chinese populations may be connected to the continuity of human evolution in China.
LRRK2-G2019S Synergizes With Ageing and Low-Grade Inflammation to Promote Gut and Peripheral Immune Cell Activation That Precede Nigrostriatal Degeneration
Authors: Marchetti Bianca , Giachino Carmela , Tirolo Cataldo , Caniglia Salvatore , Serapide Maria Francesca , Francesca L'Episcopo , Bertoli Federico , Giuliano Claudio , Mearelli Marika , Jakobi Meike , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Deleidi Michela 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most frequent cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The incomplete penetrance of LRRK2 mutations suggest that additional hits are required for disease onset. We hypothesized that chronic low-grade inflammation interacts with LRRK2 G2019S, the most frequent PD-associated mutation, to activate peripheral and central immune reactions and drive age-dependent neurodegeneration. We exposed wild-type and LRRK2 G2019S mice to a low chronic dose of lipopolysaccharide and performed a longitudinal analysis of central and peripheral immune reactions and neurodegeneration. Low-dose inflammation triggered nigrostriatal degeneration, peripheral monocyte infiltration, and astro-/microgliosis. LRRK2 G2019S mice showed an early dysregulation of peripheral cytokines as well as increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration and α-synuclein aggregation in the colon. Peripheral immune activation and colonic α-synuclein aggregation preceded brain inflammation and degeneration. Our study suggests an early role of the peripheral immune system and the gut in LRRK2 PD and provides a novel model to study early therapeutic immune targets and biomarkers.
Household Portfolios in Turkey: Results from Household Finance and Consumption Survey *
Authors: Ceritoğlu Evren , Cılasun Seyit Mümin , Küçükbayrak Müşerref , Sevinç Özlem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper analyzes the distribution of household portfolios in Turkey using a fresh data set, the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey – Household Finance and Consumption Survey (CBRT-HFCS), which closes an important data gap by providing detailed data on households’ financial assets and liabilities. The empirical analysis concentrates on the motives behind household saving preferences and the distribution of household portfolios to financial instruments i.e. Turkish Lira and foreign currency denominated assets, gold, stocks and Individual Retirement Insurance funds. Moreover, the financial situation of households in Turkey is compared with selected European countries. We find that real assets and specifically housing wealth represents a larger share of total assets compared to financial assets in Turkey with respect to the Euro area. Another important finding is that the fraction of indebted households is higher, while households’ ability to save is significantly lower in Turkey. It is striking that the possibility of saving remains low even in the upper quintiles of household net wealth and income. Finally, the percentage of households with mortgage debt and the share of mortgage debt in total household liabilities are smaller in Turkey, suggesting that many households have to rely on their own funds or private loans to purchase homes. We can argue that households need to be encouraged to invest a larger share of their wealth in financial assets to raise household savings and to deepen financial markets in Turkey.
JEL Classification: C21, D12, D14, D31
Effects of diabetes mellitus on step length and minimum toe clearance adaptation
Authors: Martin Suzanne , Taylor Simon B. , Shideler Blynn L. , Ogrin Rajna , Begg Rezaul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Adapt gait is abilities to adjust the leading foot in response to the requirement of dynamic environments during walking. Accurate adjustments of the minimum toe clearance (MTC) height and step length can prevent older people from falling when walking and responding to hazards. Although older diabetic patients fall more frequently than healthy older adults, none of the previous studies have quantified the abilities of adaptive gait. This study aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus on step length and MTC adjustments using a non-immersive virtual-reality system.
Methods: Sixteen young adults (26 ± 5, 7 females), 16 healthy older adults (68 ± 5, 6 females), and 16 older diabetic patients (70 ± 5, 6 females) completed adaptability tests while walking on a treadmill. A computer system visualised a continuous real-time signal of absolute step length and MTC on a monitor. Each person responded to four discrete subject-specific step length and MTC visual targets that presented on the same signal. Tasks were to match the peaks of interest on each signal to presented targets. Targets were 10% longer or shorter than the mean baseline step length, 2.5 cm, and 3.5 cm higher than the mean baseline MTC. When a target was displayed, it remained unchanged for 10 consecutive foot displacement adaptation attempts. Then the target was removed and a new target or the same target was present after 10 consecutive steps and remained for 10 steps. Each target was randomly presented three times (3 × 10). Average absolute and constant errors of step length and MTC adaptation were compared among groups.
Results: In adaptability tests, the diabetic group had a mean positive error during step shortening; they struggled to walk with shorter steps. The diabetic group also walked with steps shorter than step length targets. Compared with other groups, mean constant and absolute errors for step length and MTC adaptation in older adults with diabetes were significantly greater.
Conclusions: Impaired adaptive gait can increase the risk of falling in pathological populations. The presented virtual-reality system with visual feedback has merits for training gait adaptability.
High-temperature energy storage polymer composites via hybrid assembly engineering
Authors: Wen Fei , Li Lili , Jang Mengquan , Yang Ping’an , Wang Jiang , Zhang Lin , Wang Gaofeng , Li Wenjun , Wu Wei , Shen Zhonghui , Zhang Shujun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dielectric film capacitors have many performances advantage and are widely used in field of smart grids and pulsed power sources. This kind of capacitors made by biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) has high energy efficiency, but low energy density of only 2.0‒3.0 J/cm3, while the inferior thermal stability restricts their high-temperature applications. In this work, hybrid assembly engineering is proposed to design tri-layer composites films with poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) (ABS) as the matrix, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 (NBT-SBT) as two different fillers for functional modification. The optimized composites exhibit excellent energy storage characteristics, with an energy density of 18.1 J/cm3 under 650 MV/m and efficiency above 85% at room temperature. The maximum energy density can reach 15.0 J/cm3 at 120 oC at 575 MV/m, which is 8 times that of BOPP, while the efficiency is maintained at 89%, far exceeding the performance of BOPP (< 70% at 120 oC). Based on phase field model, the introduction of BNNS nanofiller is mainly responsible for improving the thermal stability and breakdown strength of the composites, while NBT-SBT provide greater polarization. Together with their excellent cycling reliability (106 cycles) and thermal stability, demonstrating a great potential for high-temperature and high-power energy storage capacitors.
VEGF overexpressed mesoangioblasts enhance urethral and vaginal recovery following simulated vaginal birth in rats
Authors: Cunha Marina Gabriela Mori da , de Veer Bernard van , Giacomazzi Giorgia , Mackova Katerina , Cattani Laura , Koh Kian Peng , Velde Greetje Vande , Gijsbers Rik , Albersen Maarten , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Deprest Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Vaginal birth causes pelvic floor injury which may lead to urinary incontinence. Cell therapy has been proposed to assist in functional recovery. We aim to assess if intra-arterial injection of rat mesoangioblasts (MABs) and stable Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-expressing MABs, improve recovery of urethral and vaginal function following simulated vaginal delivery (SVD).
Study Design: Female rats (n=86) were assigned to either injection of saline (control), allogeneic-MABs (MABsallo), autologous-MABs (MABsauto) or allogeneic-MABs transduced to stably expressed VEGF (MABsallo-VEGF). One hour after SVD, 0.5x106 MABs or saline were injected into the aorta. Primary outcome was urethral (7d and 14d) and vaginal (14d) function; others were bioluminescent imaging for cell tracking (1, 3 and 7d), morphometry (7, 14 and 60d) and mRNAseq (3 and 7d).
Results: All MABs injected rats had external urethral sphincter and vaginal function recovery within 14d, as compared to only half of saline controls. Functional recovery was paralleled by improved muscle regeneration and microvascularization. Recovery rate was not different between MABsallo and MABsauto. MABsallo-VEGF accelerated functional recovery and increased GAP-43 expression at 7d. At 3d we detected major transcriptional changes in the urethra of both MABsallo and MABsallo-VEGF-injected animals, with upregulation of Rho/GTPase activity, epigenetic factors and dendrite development. MABSallo also upregulated transcripts that encode proteins involved in myogenesis and downregulated pro-inflammatory processes. MABsallo-VEGFalso upregulated transcripts that encode proteins involved in neuron development and downregulated genes involved in hypoxia and oxidative stress. At 7d, urethras of MABsallo-VEGF-injected rats showed downregulation of oxidative and inflammatory response compared to MABSallo.
Conclusion: Intra-arterial injection of MABsallo-VEGFenhances neuromuscular regeneration induced by untransduced MABs and accelerates the functional urethral and vaginal recovery after SVD.
Canal structure influences watersnake assemblage structure in an urban environment
Authors: Ljustina Oliver , Crother Brian I. , Doody Jeremiah S. , Fontenot Clifford L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The precise manner in which vertebrate species utilize urban environments remains to be explored in a variety of taxa, with snakes in particular being poorly studied. Watersnakes (Genus: Nerodia) are semiaquatic snakes found throughout the eastern United States and are known to occur in urban systems. Four species of watersnake are commonly found in freshwater environments in southeastern Louisiana: Mississippi Green Watersnake, Plain-bellied Watersnake, Southern Watersnake, and Diamond-backed Watersnake. Plain-bellied Watersnake and Southern Watersnake preferentially feed on anurans, while Mississippi Green Watersnake and Diamond-backed Watersnake tend to be more piscivorous in their feeding habits. Water depth is important in structuring anuran and fish community structure, with shallower water bodies typically supporting higher anuran abundance and richness, and deeper waters supporting more fishes. We examined watersnakes in canal transects of varying depth in Kenner, Louisiana to test the hypotheses that species that feed on anurans would be more abundant in shallower canals, while species that preferentially feed on fishes would be more abundant in deeper canals. We found significant correlation between watersnake assemblage and anuran/fish community structure, with the Plain-bellied Watersnake most abundant in the shallowest canal transects, Mississippi Green Watersnake most abundant in transects of intermediate depth, and Diamond-backed Watersnake most abundant in the shallow transects. The former two species largely followed the hypothesized trends, while the Diamond-backed Watersnake did not.
Unsupervised direct generation of defect residual images forfabric defect detection
Authors: Cheng Haoming , Liang Jiuzhen , Liu Hao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When performing fabric defect detection, ground truth is required for training with supervisedlearning, more steps are required for training with unsupervised learning, and background noise isgenerated during the training process. To solve the above problems, we propose the fabric defectdetection model with unsupervised direct defect residual image generation (UDDGAN). The gener-ative adversarial network model architecture is used in the main body of the model, and we designthe patch structure such that the defect residual images can be generated directly. We use a gen-erator with block blocks and a double discriminator to make the generated image closer to thetarget image. We incorporate similar image loss when training the generator to minimize the gen-erated background noise, which ensures the accuracy of the detection results. We achieve betterresults on a benchmark dataset for fabric defect detection at Zhejiang University and compare itwith six methods. The experimental results show that our method works well on a variety of metrics.
Validity of ANOVA under Non-normality &amp; Heterogeneity
Authors: Islam Tanweer Ul , Abbas Erum 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background

Performance of the F-test critically depends on the distributional assumptions and the choice of the robustness measures. The robustness of F-test to non-normality has been studied and validated in literature however, the assumption of homogeneity has not been given the due attention in literature. Regarding robustness measures, F-test is not evaluated against both the liberal and conservative criterion simultaneously. This study provides a systematic examination of F-test robustness to violations of normality and homogeneity in terms of Type I error, considering a wide variety of distributions commonly found in psychology, social and medical sciences.

Method

This study conducted Monte Carlo simulations to compute the Type-I error rates of F-test under non-normality and heterogeneity assumption. To assess the Type-I error rates, 100,000 samples were generated with 1900 scenarios to ensure reliable results. The manipulated parameters include shape and scale parameters of distributions, number of groups, equal and unequal sample sizes, total and average sample size, inequality in the sample size and variance ratio.

Results

The findings of this study show that the robustness of the F-test in terms of Type-I error rates depend on the choice of robustness measure, variance ratio, sample size, and equality of samples. The F-test is robust under a threshold value of variance ratio when evaluated against liberal criteria and non-robust against conservative criterion.
MSC Classification: 91-10, 62J10, 65C20
WITHDRAWN: Penile Injury: 4 Years’ Experience of A single Surgeon in A limited Resources Setting
Authors: Alzubier Mosab A.A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Penile injuries are uncommon with difficult management of more severe cases. This study aims to review their causes and to present experience in their management according to the limited available facilities in a limited resources hospital.
Materials and methods
A four-year experience with penile injury in a limited resources hospital in the east of Sudan was recorded. Records of 32 cases of emergency penile surgical conditions between January 2016 to March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, of them only 17 cases of significant penile injuries were included in the study, they were divided into a pediatric and adult group according to age with further subdivision of each group according to the nature of the injury.
Results
Seventeen patients with penile injuries were treated during this period. Pediatric group (n = 4), all of them are victims of traditional circumcision, 2 of them presented with glans penis amputation, one with gangrenous glans, and the fourth one with mild glans injury. The adult group was subdivided into 3 subgroups, the first one is the group of penile fracture (n = 8), the second one is the group of degloving penile injury (n = 2), and the last one is the group of penile amputation injury (n = 3). Management included a variety of surgical techniques that were tailored to individual patients. The outcome of the intervention was presented case by case.
Conclusions
severe penile injuries should be managed as a case-by-case policy. The field of reconstructive penile surgery needs to be developed to improve the outcome of surgical intervention. Community orientation and work safety measures should be applied to avoid penile injuries that may result from traditional circumcision and machinery trauma.
Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway increases radiotherapy sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Lin Yan , Song Yang , Du Hongmei , Tang Meiyue , Wang Siliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a gastrointestinal cancer with high mortality. Radiotherapy is an important pancreatic cancer therapy; however, cancer cell resistance to radiotherapy is the major reason for treatment failure. The JAK2／STAT3 (Janus kinase signal transducers 2 and activator of transcription 3) signaling pathway is closely related to the incidence and development of pancreatic cancer, and may be associated with pancreatic cancer resistance to radiotherapy. This study investigated the differences in JAK2 expression in pancreatic cancer irradiated with different doses, also researched the differences in the expression of molecules in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway between pancreatic cancer parental cells and radiotherapy-resistant cells, determined the impact of X-ray irradiation on this signaling pathway, and evaluated enhanced sensitivity to radiotherapy by the JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, AG490, in pancreatic cancer cells. We show that JAK2 protein expression increased followed an increase in irradiation dose. Compared with parental cells, JAK2 and pSTAT3 were up-regulated in radiotherapy-resistant cells, whereas SOCS3 was down-regulated, X-ray irradiation can activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway; the combination of siJAK2 transfection with radiotherapy markedly increased cancer cell apoptosis, improving radiotherapy sensitivity of resistant pancreatic cancer cells;AG490, a JAK2-specific inhibitor, decreased radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In summary, inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway increases the sensitivity of radiotherapy-resistant pancreatic cancer cells in vitro.