bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neotropical Micodiversity of Mato Grosso, Central Region of Brazil: Ethnomicological Aspects and Systematic Research of the Literature
Authors: Leite Jr. Diniz Pereira , Tadano Tomoko , Pereira Ronaldo Sousa , Ribeiro de Souza Janaina Vasconcellos , Yamamoto Ana Caroline Akeme , Martins Evelin Rodrigues , Alves Simões Sara de Almeida , Siqueira Nathan Pereira , Queiroz Júnior Luiz de Pádua , Gasparetto André , Assis Baroni Francisco de , Da Costa Gisela Lara , Carvalho Melhem Márcia de Souza , De Oliveira Manoel Marques Evangelista , Pal Mahendra , Rodrigues Paula Claudete 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The knowledge about fungal diversity in Mato Grosso, central Brazil records unknown and scattered information, some related to taxonomy, ecology and description of species listed for the geographic region, consisting of three main biomes: Cerrado, Amazon and Pantanal.
Aims: To present fungi related to the Mato Grosso region, aspects and species cataloged for central region of Brazil, reported through an extensive review of integrative scientific literature in publications in databases from 1979-2021.
Results: We identified 190 articles included in the review, of which 69 (36.3%) were highlighted, due to their fungal aspects for the Midwest region of Brazil, medical mycology shows a strong relationship in publications to pathogenic, mycelial and yeast fungi. The Cerrado of Mato Grosso is the main biome in the Brazilian Midwest, with the largest number of records, with 88.6% of the findings, followed by the Amazon biome with 8.6% and the Pantanal with 5.7%. The capital of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá (67.1%), contributes with most publications relevant to fungi for the Midwest region, showing a wealth and variety. The phylum Ascomycota (56%) had the highest number of records in research, the class of Eurotiomycetes (21.5%) had the highest number of records and the most expressive order was that of Onygenales (30%). Researches with human clinical material (66.3%) were the most representative.
Conclusion: Assessing the results presented in this study, we can observe that the medical and clinical mycology, including systemic fungi, mainly from the genera Cryptococcus, Candida and Paracoccidioides, were the most studied for the Mato Grosso region, as they present characteristics of pathogenic fungal entities that cause infections in immunocompetents and immunocompromised patients.
Evaluation of Chenopodium Quinoa Extract on Diazepam Induced Memory Impairment in Animal Models
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Mondal Triyasha , Reddy V. N. V. L. Suvarchala , Anila M. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The present study explored the pharmacological and insilico studies of ethanolic seed extract of Chenopodium quinoa.
Materials and Methods: The screening of in vivo anti- amnesic activity of the ethanolic seed extract of Chenopodium quinoa was carried out using Actophotometer and Rotarod apparatus. The extract exhibited active constituents like myristic acid, palmitic acid, eicosadienoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tocopherols, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, quercetin, benzoic acid, kaempferol, arachidonic acid, benzofuran and 2-bromodecanoic acid. In silico approaches like docking studies (Mcule software) and Ramchandran plot (procheck), online softwares were used in the study to establish mechanism of action of active constituents present in the extract.
Results: The extract treated groups at doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, bd.wt) showed significant anti-amnesic activity. The basal activity score in actophotometer is as an indicator for impairment of learning and memory. Fall of time by rotarod is used to evaluate learning and memory in rodent models of CNS disorders as in case of amnesia. The results revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stigmasterol, lenolenic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tocopherols, arachidonic acid and standard donepezil have got highest glide scores against selected Protein Data Bank (PDB ID): 1EVE, 2FY4, 7CUM and 3EJ8. According to Ramachandran plot a good quality model would be expected to have over 90% in the most favoured region. Proteins like PDB ID: 1EVE, 2FY4, 7CUM and 3EJ8 showed almost 80-90% favoured region which clearly indicates that the selected proteins in the present study are of good quality.
Conclusion: Our research unveiled that ethanolic seed extract of Chenopodium quinoa possessed significant anti- amnesic activity.
Effect of Kabasura Kudineer Extract on Inhibitory Kappa B Kinase Beta and m TOR mRNA Complex Expression in Lung Cancer Cells (A549 Cell)
Authors: Ashwin S. P. , Preetha S. , Selvaraj J. , Sridevi G. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate and highest rate of metastasis. Kabasura kudineer was used widely during the Covid period. The aim of the study is to find the effect of kabasura kudineer extract on inhibitory kappa B kinase beta and mTOR mRNA complex expression in lung cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: Cell viability test was done using MTT assay. mRNA expression of inhibitory kappa B Kinase and mTOR was done by real-time PCR. The data was analysed statistically by one way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test with graph prism version 5. p<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Kabasura kudineer caused a marked increase in cell death in dose dependent manner. At the end of 48 hours, maximum inhibition was at 300 and 400 µg/ml. Kabasura kudineer has inhibited the mRNA expression of inhibitory kappa B Kinase and mTOR in lung cancer cell lines (A549 cell).
Conclusion: The study indicates that kabasura kudineer extract has anti cancer activity on the lung cancer cell line (A549 cell).
Correlation of MTHFR Gene Polymorphism with Male Infertility
Authors: More Akash , Gajbe Ujwal , Bhandekar Bhagyashree , Shrivastava Deepti 
Published: March 2022

Background: Folate is present in Vitamin B, which is not present in the body, and one has to consume it from outside. Its functions are to help in the production of RBCs, helps in the production of genes, DNA, RNA, and protein, helps in the metabolism of homocysteine, and is also the main component which is required for the process of methylation. For the metabolism of the folate group, the MTHFR gene is responsible. When there is a problem occurs in the MTHFR gene such as SNP, then it can create a problem with many allied metabolisms and other biological reactions or processes in the body of human body and deficiency of folate in the body may lead to affect various processes such as it can increase the homocysteine level in the body and can cause hyperhomocysteinemia, which has been linked with many diseases along with causing male infertility.
Objectives:

To identify nucleotide polymorphism in cases and control group.
To correlate polymorphism status with male infertility.
To correlate MTHFR polymorphism with abnormal semen parameters.
To correlate BMI with male infertility.

Methodology: For this study, we will use various collective methods to conduct the study which includes the recording of treatment history and the indications of infertile patients visiting WARDHA TEST TUBE CENTRE and counselling them. After that semen collection and analysis will be done along with blood collection, DNA extraction, DNA quantification with nanodrop and agarose gel, PCR, and RFLP. We have also made use of PubMed for getting related articles.
Results and Conclusion: We have done many searches on PubMed and NCBI sites (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) with keyword MTHFR gene, polymorphism in MTHFR gene, methylation, folate methylation, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and primer for MTHFR gene and retrieved many articles related to primers for MTHFR gene and will design our primer for forward and reverse annealing with the help of Amplify software (Engels, 1993). With the help of our study, we will analyze the MTHFR genomic sequence along with analysis of RFLP, in which we will design an amplicon of 513bps in which we will find restriction site for Hinf I and will check that if polymorphism is there then it will cut the DNA amplicon into two and will confirm it with electrophoresis.
A Clinico–radiological Correlation of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Instability
Authors: Dudhekar Ulhas J. , Ambade Ratnakar , Saoji Kiran , Kekatpure Aditya , Gupta Sarthak 
Published: March 2022

Background: A larger than normal range of motion in the spinal segment defines lumbar segmental instability, which is a sort of aberrant motion to physiologic stressors. Clinical complaints and signs such as low back ache or radiculopathy, as well as Kotilainen and Valtonen's three criteria for instability (painful catch, instability catch, and apprehension) will be correlated with an MRI investigation to determine lumbar spinal instability. Disc degeneration and facet degeneration along with soft tissues supporting spinal motion segment are important provocative factors for lumbar spine instability. The existence of lumbar instability must be identified since it can alter the treatment approach and patient prognosis.
Objective: To evaluate clinical signs and symptoms in patients with Lumbar spinal instability, as well as to investigate radiological signs using X-rays and an MRI scan.
Methods and Materials: In this study in which patients with history suggestive of Lumbar spinal instability will be evaluated clinically and radiologically. Patients of age group of 25-75 years will be included in this study. Clinical tests, static and dynamic Xrays and MRI scan will be studied.
Expected Outcomes: By this study we can expect clinico–radiological co relation in patient with low back ache in lumbar spinal instability. Outcome data will be assessed on Clinico-radiological Criteria of Lumbar Instability and clinic-radiological correlation will be done.
Comparative Study between Bone Marrow- mesenchymal Stem Cells and Adipose Tissue- mesenchymal Stem Cells in Restoration of Male Fertility
Authors: Ebrahim Osama Fouad Ahmed , Shalaby Saadia A. , Eid Essam M. , Ibrahim Mai H. Abdel Samad , Faruk Eman Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Background: Male infertility is considered a major cause of couple infertility as it represents 25- 50 % of infertility cases. In addition, non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents 10% of all infertile men.There is no definite curable treatment for such cases.
Aim of Work: The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs in treating busulfan-induced azoospermia in wistar rats.
Materials and Methods: BM-MSCs were extracted from the femur bones of five adult Wistar rats and AT-MSCs from preperitoneal adipose tissue. They were then evaluated for morphology, MSC markers, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. To produce azoospermia in male Wistar rats, two doses of busulfan (15 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during a 21-day period. The seminiferous tubules of each testis were injected with 2.5106 MSCs 35 days after the second busulfan injection. 12 weeks after cell therapy, the testes were examined histopathologically and histomorphometrically.
Results: Like the control group, the seminiferous tubules treated with BM-MSCs demonstrated normal spermatogenesis in compared to the busulfan-induced azoospermic testes. In contrast to the busulfan-induced azoospermic testes, the seminiferous tubules treated with AT-MSCs exhibited a practically typical look of spermatogenesis.
Conclusion: BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs were shown to be beneficial in treating azoospermia in the wistar rat model, restoring fertility to busulfan-induced azoospermic animals after MSC transplantation. As a result, this discovery may pave the way for the future use of MSCs in the treatment of human azoospermia, although more research should be conducted to confirm the findings.
Scale‐Up in Chemical Engineering
Authors: Moran Sean 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chemical engineers model processes mathematically and physically to assist them in designing new industrial plants. Scale‐up is one of a range of tools used to do this.
Scale‐up is not a trivial or purely theoretical matter, and process safety in the scale‐up process is a key concern. However, scale‐up has limited application since the vast majority of new plant designs do not involve significant scale‐up, and professional engineers avoid novelty as much as possible.

The important issues at each proposed stage of scale‐up are:

Is a complete physical model required, or will a computer model validated by partial models suffice?

If a physical model is required, how complete/big should it be?

Should physical properties differ between model(s) and larger plant?

Which rules govern the adaptation of the process parameters in the model measurements to those of the full‐scale plant?

Is it possible to achieve complete similarity between the processes in the model and those in its full‐scale counterpart?

If not: how should one proceed?

What data will be gathered, and how will it be analyzed?

What will the plant cost to build and operate?

Will it be safe to operate?

How will it be controlled?
Longitudinal assessment of quality assurance measurements in a 1.5 T MR‐linac: Part II—Magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Subashi Ergys , Dresner Alex , Tyagi Neelam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe and report longitudinal quality assurance (QA) measurements for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) component of the Elekta Unity MR‐linac during the first year of clinical use in our institution.Materials and methodsThe performance of the MRI component of Unity was evaluated with daily, weekly, monthly, and annual QA testing. The measurements monitor image uniformity, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), resolution/detectability, slice position/thickness, linearity, central frequency, and geometric accuracy. In anticipation of routine use of quantitative imaging (qMRI), we characterize B0/B1 uniformity and the bias/reproducibility of longitudinal/transverse relaxation times (T1/T2) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Tolerance levels for QA measurements of qMRI biomarkers are derived from weekly monitoring of T1, T2, and ADC.ResultsThe 1‐year assessment of QA measurements shows that daily variations in each MR quality metric are well below the threshold for failure. Routine testing procedures can reproducibly identify machine issues. The longitudinal three‐dimensional (3D) geometric analysis reveals that the maximum distortion in a diameter of spherical volume (DSV) of 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm is 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, and 3.1 mm, respectively. The main source of distortion is gradient nonlinearity. Maximum peak‐to‐peak B0 inhomogeneity is 3.05 ppm, with gantry induced B0 inhomogeneities an order of magnitude smaller. The average deviation from the nominal B1 is within 2%, with minimal dependence on gantry angle. Mean ADC, T1, and T2 values are measured with high reproducibility. The median coefficient of variation for ADC, T1, and T2 is 1.3%, 1.1%, and 0.5%, respectively. The median bias for ADC, T1, and T2 is −0.8%, −0.1%, and 3.9%, respectively.ConclusionThe MRI component of Unity operates within the guidelines and recommendations for scanner performance and stability. Our findings support the recently published guidance in establishing clinically acceptable tolerance levels for image quality. Highly reproducible qMRI measurements are feasible in Unity.
Soil properties are resilient despite grass invasion, fire, and grazing
Authors: Gerhard Leslie , Gasch Caley K , Sedivec Kevin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.; hereafter referred to as bluegrass) is an invasive perennial grass that has become naturalized throughout the entire United States. This species is an effective competitor and produces abundant litter, which in turn creates a thick thatch layer. In the northern Great Plains, fire and grazing are effective management tools for reducing the thatch layer, promoting expression of native grasses and forbs, and improving forage quality. The overall objective of this research was to examine belowground characteristics under accumulated thatch in response to management with fire and grazing. Soil samples were collected from plots dominated by bluegrass with thatch and from plots one year after management with fire and season‐long grazing. Additionally, to understand immediate and in‐season effects of fire and grazing on soil properties, we sampled soil immediately before and at increasing time steps after spring fires and exposure to grazing. All soils were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial abundance and community structure, and decomposition rates. In general, belowground pools of carbon, nitrogen, and microbial communities were stable despite vegetation management treatments. However, prescribed burning caused a brief decline of labile carbon and decomposition rates in shallow soil, but both properties returned to prefire levels within one year after burning. Our observations indicate that the combination of fire and grazing has minimal effect on the soil and is effective at removing thatch and reducing bluegrass.
Enantioselektive Tail‐to‐Head‐Terpencyclisierungen durch optisch aktive hexamere Resorcin[4]aren‐Kapselderivate
Authors: Sokolova Daria , Piccini GiovanniMaria , Tiefenbacher Konrad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMolekulare Kapseln ermöglichen die Umwandlung von Substraten innerhalb eines geschlossenen Hohlraumes und ahmen bis zu einem gewissen Grad die enzymatische Katalyse nach. Ein Chiralitätstransfer von der molekularen Kapsel auf das eingekapselte Substrat wurde nur in wenigen Fällen untersucht. Hier zeigen wir, dass ein Chiralitätstransfer innerhalb eines relativ großen molekularen Behälters von etwa 1400 Å3 möglich ist. Insbesondere präsentieren wir (1) die ersten Beispiele optisch aktiver hexamerer Resorcin[4]aren Kapseln, (2) ihre Fähigkeit zur enantioselektiven Katalyse von Tail‐to‐Head‐Terpencyclisierungen und (3) die überraschend hohe Empfindlichkeit der Enantioselektivität auf die strukturellen Modifikationen.
Decarbonylierende Transferhydrochlorierung von Alkenen und Alkinen auf Grundlage einer B(C6F5)3‐ausgelösten Grob‐Fragmentierung
Authors: Xie Kaixue , Oestreich Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGut verfügbare Derivate cyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐ylsubstituierter Acylchloride werden als lagerfähige HCl‐Surrogate für Transferhydrochlorierungen von terminalen und internen Alkenen sowie ausgewählten Alkinen vorgestellt. Die schrittweise Grob‐Fragmentierung jener Säurechloride in Chlorid, Kohlenmonoxid, einen niedermolekularen Aromaten und ein Proton wird durch B(C6F5)3 vermittelt. Dieser decarbonylierende Transferprozess ermöglicht die Addition von HCl an C−C‐Doppel‐ und Dreifachbindungen mit Markownikow‐Selektivität bei Raumtemperatur.
Postoperative respiratory depression caused by iatrogenic hypermagnesaemia
Authors: Premkumar C. R. , Parthasarathy R. , Kumar S. , Vijaykumar S. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryHypermagnesaemia is an uncommon electrolyte disorder which can be fatal if not recognised and treated promptly. The signs and symptoms of hypermagnesaemia are non‐specific, making it an under‐diagnosed cause of cardiovascular dysfunction, hypocalcaemia, and neurological and respiratory depression. Since magnesium homeostasis is handled almost exclusively by the kidneys, symptomatic hypermagnesaemia seldom occurs in the context of normal renal function; when it does, it is usually iatrogenic. Here, we report a case of iatrogenic hypermagnesaemia which presented as respiratory depression, preventing weaning from mechanical ventilation following cardiac surgery in a patient in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. On investigation he was found to have isolated severe hypermagnesaemia, following an intravenous bolus of magnesium sulphate administered intra‐operatively to treat tachyarrhythmia. Before administering intravenous magnesium therapeutically, it is important for clinicians to assess renal function and baseline serum magnesium along with other possible risk factors for hypermagnesaemia, and to actively look for signs and symptoms of magnesium toxicity when the patient is receiving therapeutic magnesium.
Bimetallic CoMoO4@C nanorod catalyzes one‐pot synthesis of benzimidazoles from benzyl alcohol and o‐phenylendiamine without alkali
Authors: Xiong Yucong , Wang Kaizhi , Ma Lei , Zhu Jiukang , Miao Yujia , Gong Li , Mu Xiao , Wan Jiang , Li Rong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBenzimidazoles possess a series of applications for industrial chemistry and biomedicine. However, the complicated synthetic steps and harsh reaction conditions limit its further development. Herein, we reported an efficient, environmentally friendly, and stable bimetallic CoMoO4@C catalyst, which used low‐cost cobalt and molybdenum as the basic raw material. In base‐free conditions, it has been proved that the yield could achieve to 99.9% for the synthesis of benzimidazoles with liberating water as the sole byproduct, and the catalyst remains stable and efficient even after five successive cycle tests. Additionally, experiments and characterizations confirm the good oxidation activity of the catalyst benefits from the numerous oxygen vacancies provided by the high concentration of low‐valent cobalt (Co2+) and the doping of carbon improves the intermolecular transport of electrons. Furthermore, this strategy could potentially be applied in the industrial production of benzimidazoles.
Fabrication of antimicrobial poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/silk fibroin/aloe anthraquinone fibrous membranes for potential application of wound healing
Authors: Ran Ruilong , Peng Yan , Xiao Lang , Wang Yanlai , Zhang Tonghua , Liu Zhongwen , Li Zhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAntibacterial wound dressings can kill bacteria around the wound and then accelerate the wound healing. To fabricate an antibacterial membrane for potential application of wound healing, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), silk fibroin (SF), and natural antimicrobial agent aloe anthraquinone (AA) were blended for electrospinning. The electrospun PLGA/SF/AA fibrous membrane consists of smooth and uniform fibers with an average diameter of 583 ± 112 nm. The stress of the PLGA/SF/AA fibrous membrane is 3.88 ± 0.34 MPa, which can ensure its application in skin wound healing. Owing to the good hydrophilicity of blended SF, PLGA/SF/AA fibrous membrane can release 47% of AA at 48 h and 62% of AA in 15 days. PLGA/SF/AA membrane also exhibits good antimicrobial properties and cell compatibility. These results indicate that the fabricated PLGA/SF/AA fibrous membrane in this study has a good application potential for wound healing.
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as an efficient and biocompatible binder for metal alloy processing: A case study with Ti‐20Zr‐11Nb‐3Sn
Authors: Sinha Tridib Kumar , Lim Jin Hwan , Chothe Harshada R. , Kim Jung Gi , Nam Taehyun , Lee Taekyung , Oh Jeong Seok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitanium (Ti) being a lightweight, biocompatible, and strong metal, immense attention is being paid to develop Ti‐based different low‐cost and efficient biomedical implants by employing additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing. Binder having abundant binding efficacy binds the alloying metal powders and maintains their stoichiometry and close attachment. However, in the case of Ti‐alloy, the Ti, or other alloying metals, e.g., zirconium (Zr), because of their high reactivity with ambient moisture and oxygen, needs to be stabilized before the alloy formation. In this work, instead of using various non‐biocompatible thermoplastic and semi‐crystalline polymers responsible for causing stress‐induced defects in the final structure, the efficacy of a biocompatible amorphous polymer (i.e., polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP]) as a binder towards developing the Ti‐alloy has been examined. PVP‐bound alloying metal powders were found to be stable for 30 days (as per the XRD analysis) and exhibited a nearly similar composition to the experimental formula. Thermal debinding was examined for two temperatures, 600 and 1000°C, and compared with the help of SEM and XRD analyses. The better debinding (i.e., reduction of carbon content as per the EDX analysis) was found for the 1000°C debinding temperature.