bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling mesoscale fission gas behavior in UO2 by directly coupling the phase field method to spatially resolved cluster dynamics
Authors: Kim Dong-Uk , Blondel Sophie , Bernholdt David E. , Roth Philip , Kong Fande , Andersson David , Tonks Michael R. , Wirth Brian D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFission gas release within uranium dioxide nuclear fuel occurs as gas atoms diffuse through grains and arrive at grain boundary (GB) bubbles; these GB bubbles grow and interconnect with grain edge bubbles; and grain edge tunnels grow and connect to free surfaces. In this study, a hybrid multi-scale/multi-physics simulation approach is presented to investigate these mechanisms of fission gas release at the mesoscale. In this approach, fission gas production, diffusion, clustering to form intragranular bubbles, and re-solution within grains are included using spatially resolved cluster dynamics in the Xolotl code. GB migration and intergranular bubble growth and coalescence are included using the phase field method in the MARMOT code. This hybrid model couples Xolotl to MARMOT using the MultiApp and Transfer systems in the MOOSE framework, with Xolotl passing the arrival rate of gas atoms at GBs and intergranular bubble surfaces to MARMOT and MARMOT passing evolved GBs and bubble surface positions to Xolotl. The coupled approach performs well on the two-dimensional simulations performed in this work, producing similar results to the standard phase field model when Xolotl does not include fission gas clustering or re-solution. The hybrid model performs well computationally, with a negligible cost of coupling Xolotl and MARMOT and good parallel scalability. The hybrid model predicts that intragranular fission gas clustering and bubble formation results in up to 70% of the fission gas being trapped within grains, causing the increase in the intergranular bubble fraction to slow by a factor of six. Re-solution has a small impact on the fission gas behavior at 1800 K but it has a much larger impact at 1000 K, resulting in a twenty-times increase in the concentration of single gas atoms within grains. Due to the low diffusion rate, this increase in mobile gas atoms only results in a small acceleration in the growth of the intergranular bubble fraction. Finally, the hybrid model accounts for migrating GBs sweeping up gas atoms. This results in faster intergranular bubble growth with smaller initial grain sizes, since the additional GB migration results in more immobile gas clusters reaching GBs.
A review on the advancements in chemical examination of composition of latent fingerprint residues
Authors: Khare Vartika , Singla Anu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
There are notable developments in the field of DNA analysis and recognition, still fingerprint analysis remains the most preferred approach for obtaining substantial forensic evidences. The identification of individuals through pattern comparison has been used through ages, but it becomes less effective when the pattern is blurred, partial in nature or not found in database. Thus, recent advances in analytical techniques over the last decade will provide additional information to the evidence. In the view of forensic investigations, the compilation of individual chemical profiles with the pattern would enhance the evidentiary value of the latent fingerprints.

Main body
The review has been divided into different parts, describing the various influencing factors which affect the chemical composition of a fingerprint, i.e., lifestyle and occupation, age of an individual, types of substrate on which fingerprint is deposited, environmental conditions, contaminants, and the various advanced instrumental techniques utilized till now in the detection of chemical constituents of fingerprint have been discussed.

Conclusion
The present work aims to enlighten the missing gaps of knowledge in elucidating the detailed chemical composition of fingerprints and highlight the various analytical techniques used till date. Though, there are several analytical techniques employed till date to explicate the constituents of fingerprints, detailed information is still lacking. Therefore, advanced future research is need of the hour for identification of the fingerprints and determining their aging kinetics.
Correspondence regarding the Perspective “Addressing the importance of microplastic particles as vectors for long-range transport of chemical contaminants: perspective in relation to prioritizing research and regulatory actions”
Authors: Glüge Juliane , Ashta Narain M. , Herzke Dorte , Lebreton Laurent , Scheringer Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImportant clarifications regarding the long-range environmental transport of chemical additives contained in floating plastic debris are presented.
Risk factors of postpartum depression and depressive symptoms: umbrella review of current evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies
Authors: Gastaldon Chiara , Solmi Marco , Correll Christoph U. , Barbui Corrado , Schoretsanitis Georgios 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundEvidence on risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) are fragmented and inconsistent.AimsTo assess the strength and credibility of evidence on risk factors of PPD, ranking them based on the umbrella review methodology.MethodDatabases were searched until 1 December 2020, for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Two reviewers assessed quality, credibility of associations according to umbrella review criteria (URC) and evidence certainty according to Grading of Recommendations-Assessment-Development-Evaluations criteria.ResultsIncluding 185 observational studies (n = 3 272 093) from 11 systematic reviews, the association between premenstrual syndrome and PPD was the strongest (highly suggestive: odds ratio 2.20, 95%CI 1.81–2.68), followed by violent experiences (highly suggestive: odds ratio (OR) = 2.07, 95%CI 1.70–2.50) and unintended pregnancy (highly suggestive: OR=1.53, 95%CI 1.35–1.75). Following URC, the association was suggestive for Caesarean section (OR = 1.29, 95%CI 1.17–1.43), gestational diabetes (OR = 1.60, 95%CI 1.25–2.06) and 5-HTTPRL polymorphism (OR = 0.70, 95%CI 0.57–0.86); and weak for preterm delivery (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.43–3.14), anaemia during pregnancy (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.17–1.84), vitamin D deficiency (OR = 3.67, 95%CI 1.72–7.85) and postpartum anaemia (OR = 1.75, 95%CI 1.18–2.60). No significant associations were found for medically assisted conception and intra-labour epidural analgesia. No association was rated as ‘convincing evidence’. According to GRADE, the certainty of the evidence was low for Caesarean section, preterm delivery, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and anaemia during pregnancy, and ‘very low’ for remaining factors.ConclusionsThe most robust risk factors of PDD were premenstrual syndrome, violent experiences and unintended pregnancy. These results should be integrated in clinical algorithms to assess the risk of PPD.
Elevated Coronary Artery Calcium Quantified by a Validated Deep Learning Model From Lung Cancer Radiotherapy Planning Scans Predicts Mortality
Authors: Atkins Katelyn M. , Weiss Jakob , Zeleznik Roman , Bitterman Danielle S. , Chaunzwa Tafadzwa L. , Huynh Elizabeth , Guthier Christian , Kozono David E. , Lewis John H. , Tamarappoo Balaji K. , Nohria Anju , Hoffmann Udo , Aerts Hugo J. W. L. , Mak Raymond H. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSECoronary artery calcium (CAC) quantified on computed tomography (CT) scans is a robust predictor of atherosclerotic coronary disease; however, the feasibility and relevance of quantitating CAC from lung cancer radiotherapy planning CT scans is unknown. We used a previously validated deep learning (DL) model to assess whether CAC is a predictor of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs).METHODSRetrospective analysis of non–contrast-enhanced radiotherapy planning CT scans from 428 patients with locally advanced lung cancer is performed. The DL-CAC algorithm was previously trained on 1,636 cardiac-gated CT scans and tested on four clinical trial cohorts. Plaques ≥ 1 cubic millimeter were measured to generate an Agatston-like DL-CAC score and grouped as DL-CAC = 0 (very low risk) and DL-CAC ≥ 1 (elevated risk). Cox and Fine and Gray regressions were adjusted for lung cancer and cardiovascular factors.RESULTSThe median follow-up was 18.1 months. The majority (61.4%) had a DL-CAC ≥ 1. There was an increased risk of all-cause mortality with DL-CAC ≥ 1 versus DL-CAC = 0 (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.26; P = .04), with 2-year estimates of 56.2% versus 45.4%, respectively. There was a trend toward increased risk of major adverse cardiac events with DL-CAC ≥ 1 versus DL-CAC = 0 (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 0.87 to 3.74; P = .11), with 2-year estimates of 7.3% versus 1.2%, respectively.CONCLUSIONIn this proof-of-concept study, CAC was effectively measured from routinely acquired radiotherapy planning CT scans using an automated model. Elevated CAC, as predicted by the DL model, was associated with an increased risk of mortality, suggesting a potential benefit for automated cardiac risk screening before cancer therapy begins.
FDA Approval Summary: Abemaciclib With Endocrine Therapy for High-Risk Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Royce Melanie , Osgood Christy , Mulkey Flora , Bloomquist Erik , Pierce William F. , Roy Arpita , Kalavar Shyam , Ghosh Soma , Philip Reena , Rizvi Fatima , Mixter Bronwyn D. , Tang Shenghui , Pazdur Richard , Beaver Julia A. , Amiri-Kordestani Laleh 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE The US Food and Drug Administration approved abemaciclib in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) for the adjuvant treatment of adult patients with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative, node-positive, early breast cancer (EBC) at high risk of recurrence and a Ki-67 score ≥ 20%. PATIENTS AND METHODS The approval was based on monarchE, a phase III, open-label, 2-cohort, multicenter trial of patients with EBC randomly assigned to receive abemaciclib plus ET (n = 2,808) or ET alone (n = 2,829). Abemaciclib was given at 150 mg orally twice daily for 2 years. RESULTS Invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) in the intent-to-treat population was statistically significant at the second IDFS interim analysis (IA; March 2020; hazard ratio [HR; 95% CI], 0.747 [0.598 to 0.932]; P = .0096); however, only 12.5% of patients had completed adjuvant therapy, and the HR for overall survival (OS) was > 1. A prespecified, controlled analysis of IDFS in patients with Ki-67 ≥ 20% in cohort 1 was statistically significant at the final IDFS analysis (July 2020; HR [95% CI], 0.643 [0.475 to 0.872]; P = .0042). At the first OS IA (April 2021), the majority of patients had completed adjuvant therapy, IDFS remained consistent, and potential detriment in OS was not observed for this subgroup (HR [95% CI], 0.767 [0.511 to 1.152]). The HR for OS in the intent-to-treat population at OS IA remained > 1 (HR [95% CI], 1.091 [0.818 to 1.455]). More patients in the abemaciclib plus ET arm experienced treatment emergent adverse events (all grades 98.4% v 88.8%, grade 3 ≥ 49.7% v 16.3%). CONCLUSION The approval of abemaciclib in adjuvant EBC was limited to patients with high risk of recurrence and Ki-67 ≥ 20%, given their favorable benefit:risk with a statistically significant IDFS advantage and no observed detriment on survival.
Improved Gene Fusion Detection in Childhood Cancer Diagnostics Using RNA Sequencing
Authors: Hehir-Kwa Jayne Y. , Koudijs Marco J. , Verwiel Eugene T. P. , Kester Lennart A. , van Tuil Marc , Strengman Eric , Buijs Arjan , Kranendonk Mariëtte E. G. , Hiemcke-Jiwa Laura S. , de Haas Valerie , van de Geer Ellen , de Leng Wendy , van der Lugt Jasper , Lijnzaad Philip , Holstege Frank C. P. , Kemmeren Patrick , Tops Bastiaan B. J. 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE Gene fusions play a significant role in cancer etiology, making their detection crucial for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and determining therapeutic targets. Current diagnostic methods largely focus on either targeted or low-resolution genome-wide techniques, which may be unable to capture rare events or both fusion partners. We investigate if RNA sequencing can overcome current limitations with traditional diagnostic techniques to identify gene fusion events. METHODS We first performed RNA sequencing on a validation cohort of 24 samples with a known gene fusion event, after which a prospective pan-pediatric cancer cohort (n = 244) was tested by RNA sequencing in parallel to existing diagnostic procedures. This cohort included hematologic malignancies, tumors of the CNS, solid tumors, and suspected neoplastic samples. All samples were processed in the routine diagnostic workflow and analyzed for gene fusions using standard-of-care methods and RNA sequencing. RESULTS We identified a clinically relevant gene fusion in 83 of 244 cases in the prospective cohort. Sixty fusions were detected by both routine diagnostic techniques and RNA sequencing, and one fusion was detected only in routine diagnostics, but an additional 24 fusions were detected solely by RNA sequencing. RNA sequencing, therefore, increased the diagnostic yield by 38%-39%. In addition, RNA sequencing identified both gene partners involved in the gene fusion, in contrast to most routine techniques. For two patients, the newly identified fusion by RNA sequencing resulted in treatment with targeted agents. CONCLUSION We show that RNA sequencing is sufficiently robust for gene fusion detection in routine diagnostics of childhood cancers and can make a difference in treatment decisions.
Role of Estrogen and Its Receptors in Adipose Tissue Glucose Metabolism in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Ahmed Fozia , Kamble Prasad G , Hetty Susanne , Fanni Giovanni , Vranic Milica , Sarsenbayeva Assel , Kristófi Robin , Almby Kristina , Svensson Maria K , Pereira Maria J , Eriksson Jan W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Context
Reduced estrogen levels in postmenopausal women predispose them to metabolic side effects, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; however, the cellular mechanisms are not well understood.

Objective
This work aimed to study the expression of estrogen receptors in adipose tissue from pre- and postmenopausal women and the effects of estradiol (E2) on glucose uptake of adipocytes.

Methods
Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from pre- and postmenopausal women (19-51 and 46-75 years old, respectively) were used to measure gene expression of ESR1 and ESR2. SAT tissue was incubated with E2, and glucose uptake and estrogen receptor levels were measured. Polymorphisms in ESR1 and ESR2 were addressed in public databases to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with metabolic traits.

Results
ESR2 expression was lower in pre- vs postmenopausal women, corresponding to lower ESR1:ESR2 gene expression ratio in postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women, the expression of ESR1 was higher in VAT than in SAT. In both pre- and postmenopausal women, ESR2 expression was lower in VAT than in SAT. In late, but not pre- or early postmenopausal women, E2 reduced glucose uptake and GLUT4 protein and increased expression of ESR2. ESR1 polymorphisms were associated with weight, body fat distribution, and total cholesterol, and ESR2 polymorphisms were associated with total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and with body fat percentage.

Conclusion
E2 inhibits glucose utilization in human adipocytes in late postmenopausal women. Changes in glucose utilization over time since menopause may be explained by a lower ESR1:ESR2 ratio. This can have clinical implications on the timing of estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women.
Functional Lactotrophs in Induced Adenohypophysis Differentiated From Human iPS Cells
Authors: Miyake Natsuki , Nagai Takashi , Suga Hidetaka , Osuka Satoko , Kasai Takatoshi , Sakakibara Mayu , Soen Mika , Ozaki Hajime , Miwata Tsutomu , Asano Tomoyoshi , Kano Mayuko , Muraoka Ayako , Nakanishi Natsuki , Nakamura Tomoko , Goto Maki , Yasuda Yoshinori , Kawaguchi Yohei , Miyata Takashi , Kobayashi Tomoko , Sugiyama Mariko , Onoue Takeshi , Hagiwara Daisuke , Iwama Shintaro , Iwase Akira , Inoshita Naoko , Arima Hiroshi , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Prolactin (PRL), a hormone involved in lactation, is mainly produced and secreted by the lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary (AP) gland. We previously reported a method to generate functional adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing cells by differentiating the AP and hypothalamus simultaneously from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, PRL-producing cells in the induced AP have not been investigated. Here, we confirmed the presence of PRL-producing cells and evaluated their endocrine functions. We differentiated pituitary cells from human iPSCs using serum-free floating culture of embryoid-like aggregates with quick reaggregation (SFEB-q) method and evaluated the appearance and function of PRL-producing cells. Secretion of PRL from the differentiated aggregates was confirmed, which increased with further culture. Fluorescence immunostaining and immunoelectron microscopy revealed PRL-producing cells and PRL-positive secretory granules, respectively. PRL secretion was promoted by various prolactin secretagogues such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and prolactin-releasing peptide, and inhibited by bromocriptine. Moreover, the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic nerves in the hypothalamic tissue area around the center of the aggregates connecting to PRL-producing cells indicated the possibility of recapitulating PRL regulatory mechanisms through the hypothalamus. In conclusion, we generated pituitary lactotrophs from human iPSCs; these displayed similar secretory responsiveness as human pituitary cells in vivo. In the future, this is expected to be used as a model of human PRL-producing cells for various studies, such as drug discovery, prediction of side effects, and elucidation of tumorigenic mechanisms using disease-specific iPSCs. Furthermore, it may help to develop regenerative medicine for the pituitary gland.
Lipid Droplets’ Role in the Regulation of β-Cell Function and β-Cell Demise in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tong Xin , Liu Siming , Stein Roland , Imai Yumi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), excessive nutritional load is thought to expose pancreatic islets to toxic effects of lipids and reduce β-cell function and mass. However, lipids also play a positive role in cellular metabolism and function. Thus, proper trafficking of lipids is critical for β cells to maximize the beneficial effects of these molecules while preventing their toxic effects. Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that play an important role in the storage and trafficking of lipids. In this review, we summarize the discovery of LDs in pancreatic β cells, LD lifecycle, and the effect of LD catabolism on β-cell insulin secretion. We discuss factors affecting LD formation such as age, cell type, species, and nutrient availability. We then outline published studies targeting critical LD regulators, primarily in rat and human β-cell models, to understand the molecular effect of LD formation and degradation on β-cell function and health. Furthermore, based on the abnormal LD accumulation observed in human T2D islets, we discuss the possible role of LDs during the development of β-cell failure in T2D. Current knowledge indicates that proper formation and clearance of LDs are critical to normal insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and mitochondrial integrity in β cells. However, it remains unclear whether LDs positively or negatively affect human β-cell demise in T2D. Thus, we discuss possible research directions to address the knowledge gap regarding the role of LDs in β-cell failure.
The Game Theory of Sex
Authors: Wang Arthur Z. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCalculated sexual games play out across contemporary American popular media, from self-help books and advice columns to dating apps and reality television. This article argues that economic game theory subtends the saturation of popular culture with lay theories of sex as a “numbers game.” Game theorists contribute to the invisible ubiquity of this phenomenon by using sexual examples to demonstrate the range of their discipline’s models while downplaying the significance of exemplification. Lydia Davis’s short fiction—by taking for granted the economization of intimate relationships without disavowing, naturalizing, or objecting to it—registers the cultural footprint and vernacular intellectual history of the game theory of sex, and elaborates its key modes of fictionality, antinarrativity, and self-fulfilling prophecy. Ultimately, the game theory of sex offers a prehistory of sexual gamification that extends beyond its most immediate digital substrate.
Temperature- and Pressure-Induced Bilayer Phase Transitions of an Amide-Linked Phosphatidylcholine: A Contrasting Effect of Chain-Linkage Type
Authors: Nakao Toshiki , Goto Masaki , Kurashina Masashi , Tamai Nobutake , Yasuzawa Mikito , Matsuki Hitoshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An unnatural phospholipid with two amide linkages, dipalmitoylamidodeoxyphosphatidylcholine (DPADPC), was synthesized and its bilayer phase transitions were observed by differential scanning calorimetry under atmospheric pressure and light-transmittance measurements under high pressure. The DPADPC bilayer membrane showed different phase transitions depending on the thermal history of the lipid sample under atmospheric pressure. The thermal-history dependent transitions were also observed under high pressure. The temperature–pressure phase diagram and thermodynamic quantities of the phase transitions of the DPADPC bilayer membrane were compared with those of bilayer membranes of hydrophobic chain-linkage isomers, ester-linked dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and ether-linked dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine (DHPC). The thermodynamic quantities of the main transition for these PC bilayer membranes were similar to one another, whereas the suppression of the interdigitation and great stabilization of the hydrated crystal phase were observed for the DPADPC bilayer membrane. Furthermore, the results of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements indicated that the motility of PC molecules in both gel and liquid crystal phases of the DPADPC bilayer membranes were much lower than those of the DPPC and DHPC bilayer membranes. From the above results, we concluded that the molecular interaction in the PC bilayer membranes increases in the order of ether-, ester- and amide-linkage isomers.