bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Routine Work to Creative Initiative: How Do School and University Influence the Formation of Personal Qualities and Skills?
Authors: Kogan E. A. , Pronina E. I. 
Published: May 2022

School and university, as two stages of continuous education, have a significant impact on forming a young person’s personality. When studying at school, young people cannot always appreciate the usefulness of their knowledge, skills, qualities, and applicability in further studies and life. The article presents the results of the sociological survey on the influence of school and higher education institutions on the development of students’ personal qualities and skills.The empirical base was the results of a study conducted among 1–3-year students of four Moscow universities: Moscow Aviation Institute (NRU), Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow Automobile and Road Construction Institute, and the State Academic University for the Humanities. Questionnaires and mini-interviews were used as research methods. The purpose of the study was to identify the specifics of the influence of school and university on the formation of students’ personal qualities and skills in the Moscow region.The survey showed that school had the most significant influence on forming the ability to communicate, perform routine work, and subject to the rules, and such qualities as discipline, stress resistance, adaptability, tolerance. While at university, students learn to take the initiative, set goals and realize them, defend their opinion and solve non-standard tasks, be independent and flexible.The survey participants would like the school to be more focused on developing students’ creative abilities and their own opinions; they lack practice and interaction in the classroom and an individual approach. Nevertheless, many qualities and skills developed at school helped them study at university.
The COVID 19 vaccine patent race
Authors: Storz Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

COVID 19 has kept the world in its grip over the last 2 years already. It came with some remarkable - and in part concerning - developments, including the speed with which the virus, SARS CoV 2, spread over the globe, the fast vaccine development and approaval, the unexpected vaccine skepticism, and finally the inquitable distribution of the vaccines in different regions of the world.

COVID 19 is also historic in terms of its patent background. The author has discussed different aspects thereof already.[1][2] In this article, the race to the vaccine, and its patents, will be discussed in detail.
Evaluation of Response and Toxicity in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
Authors: Pant Punita , Shewalkar B.K. , Gite Arpit A. , Patel Jitendra 
Published: May 2022

Aims and Objective: To study response after giving neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer with Cap capecitabine 825 mg/m2 daily PO Bid with radiation in dose of 45Gy/20#/4 weeks and to study to the clinical profile of different patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and to assess the toxicity of patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in 60 patients from October 2018 to April 2020 with locally advanced Rectal carcinoma which were proven histopathologically. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation was planned with Capecitabine 825mg/m2 PO Bid with radiation to a dose of 45 Gy/20#/4 weeks. Radiological response assessed after 6 weeks of completion of treatment and then surgery was planned according to response.
Results: Thirty-seven patients received definitive surgery. Pathological complete response was observed in 1 patient, near complete response in 7, partial response in 27 and poor or no response was seen in 2 patients. Among 37 patients who have undergone surgery ,30% of patients received sphincter preserving surgery. Radiation induced acute skin and acute lower gastrointestinal were seen. Capecitabine induced diarrhea, hematological toxicities and few patients of hand foot syndrome were seen.
Conclusion: In locally advanced rectal cancer, preoperative radio chemotherapy with Capecitabine improves local control and reduces the risks of acute and late toxicity as compared to postoperative radio chemotherapy . Thus, preoperative radio chemotherapy with Capecitabine is safe and well-tolerated in locally advanced rectal cancer, especially in tumors of the lower and middle rectum.
Keywords: Rectal Cancer, Capecitabine, Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kematian pasien lansia dengan penyakit Covid-19 di RSUD Drs. H. Amri Tambunan Deli Serdang
Authors: Sari Arum Puspita , Butar-Butar Fitriana 
Published: May 2022

Wabah penyakit Covid-19 telah menjadi ancaman besar bagi kesehatan masyarakat di dunia dimana penyebab penyakit ini adalah SARS-CoV-2, pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, Tiongkok. Lanjut usia (Lansia) merupakan salah satu populasi berisiko. Pasien yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 berusia >80 tahun menunjukkan risiko kematian yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pasien yang lebih muda. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan antara jenis kelamin, obesitas dan derajat keparahan dengan kematian lansia dengan Covid-19 yang dirawat inap di RSUD Drs. H.Amri Tambunan Deli Serdang bulan Januari-November 2021. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah observasional analitik, dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel data dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Sampel sebesar 147 pasien lansia dengan Covid-19. Variabel terikat dari penelitian ini adalah kematian pasien lansia dengan Covid-19 sedangkan variabel bebas adalah jenis kelamin, obesitas, derajat keparahan, dan gejala saat masuk rumah sakit. Variabel penelitian diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa variabel jenis kelamin (p=0,068, OR= 0,836), variabel obesitas (p=0,031, OR=2,225) dan variabel derajat keparahan (p<0,001, OR=10,188). Faktor yang berhubungan adalah obesitas dan derajat keparahan. Obesitas lebih berat 2,225 kali perkiraan risiko mengalami kematian pada lansia dengan Covid-19 dibandingkan dengan pasien tidak obesitas. Pasien yang memiliki derajat keparahan berat 10,188 kali perkiraan risiko mengalami kematian pada lansia dengan Covid-19 dibandingkan dengan pasien dengan derajat keparahan sedang.
DIVERSI SEBAGAI BENTUK PENYELESAIAN PERKARA ANAK YANG MELAKUKAN PELANGGARAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Lia Angraeni Ni Made Ayu 
Published: May 2022

Dewasa ini pelanggaran lalu lintas makin marak terjadi dengan pelaku yang bervariasi baik orang dewasa dan anak – anak. Dalam hal ini anak – anak yang dibawah 14 tahun masih memungkinkan untuk dilakukan diversi apabila terjadi tindak pidana.Sebelum mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi sebuah pelanggaran merupakan sebuah tindak pidana, maka perlu diketahui mengenai tindak pidana dan jenis pidana secara umum kemudian baru dapat dijelaskan mengenai tindak pidana kecelakaan lalu lintas tersebut. Tindak pidana atau strafbaarfeit baik dalam perundang-undangan yang ada maupun dalam berbagai literatur hukum sebagai terjemahan dari istilah strafbaarfeit antara lain adalah tindak pidana, pristiwa pidana, delik, pelanggaran pidana, perbuatan yang boleh dihukum, perbuatan yang dapat dihukum dan yang terakhir adalah perbuatan pidana. Istilah tindak pidana atau strafbaarfeit atau perbuatan pidana merupakan suatu perbuatan yang dilarang oleh suatu aturan hukum larangan mana disertai ancaman (sanksi) yang berupa pidana tertentu, barang siapa melanggar larangan tersebut.Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan terhadap permasalahan yang diangkat setidaknya dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan. Pertama, Pelanggaran lalu lintas tidak dapat dilakukan diversi walaupun pelakunya anak karena anak pelanggaran lalu lintas sendiri bukan merupan perbautan pidana sehingga tidak bisa dilakukan diversi.. Kedua, untuk saat ini tidak ada aturan khusus yang mengatur mengenai diversi pada tindak pidana pelanggaran lalu lintas, sehingga masih menggunakan ketentuan umum diversi.Syarat – syarat Diversi Pasal 7 Undang-Undang RI Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak menyebutkan bahwa: “(1) Pada tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan perkara Anak di pengadilan negeri wajib diupayakan Diversi. (2) Diversi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilaksanakan dalam hal tindak pidana yang dilakukan: a. diancam dengan pidana penjara di bawah 7 (tujuh) tahun; dan b. bukan merupakan pengulangan tindak pidana.”
CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIOACTIVITY FROM PRIMORDIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN THE SOIL OF IKA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF DELTA STATE
Authors: ESEKA KENNETH , MOKOBIA Chukwuka , MOLUA COLLINS , Ukpene Anthony Ossai 
Published: May 2022

This study presents the characterization of the soil in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State. It presents radiometric (40K, 238U and 232Th) survey of soil samples collected from some selected towns in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria using gamma-ray [NaI(TI)] spectroscopy.Twenty five representative soil samples from five communities (five soil samples each per community) were collected for the study. The average activity concentration of 40K, 238U and 232Th in soil samples from the selected communities was 510.87 ± 3.068 Bqkg-1, 31.092±2.638 Bqkg-1 and 64.662 ± 2.842 Bqkg-1 respectively. By comparing the obtained average result of soil samples of 40K, 238U and 232Th with UNSCEAR standard, it was observed that the obtained average results of 40K and 232Th exceeded the standard value limit of 400 Bqkg-1 and 30 Bqkg-1 respectively while 238U was less than the standard value limit of 35 Bq/kg-1. The calculated radiological hazard values were lower than the world allowable average standard, except for the annual gonadal dose equivalent and the excess lifetime cancer risk which were above than the world recommended average standard value of 300 mSv/yr and 0.29 x10-3Sv/yr standard in some communities. However, contactwith the soils in these communities will not pose much health hazard problem to man and the environment
Hubungan Pendidikan Dan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia Prasekolah 3-6 Tahun Di TK Nurul Abror Cibinong
Authors: Salsabila Fitria Indah , Widiastuti Susan Susan , Argarini Diah Diah 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT The level of education and parenting patterns of parents are two factors that play an important role in the development of preschool children. Children who are cared for by parents with a high level of education and by applying a democratic parenting pattern are predicted to prevent children from developmental deviations. This study aims to determine the relationship between education and parenting patterns with the development of preschool children in Nurul Abror Kindergarten, Cibinong. The research sample used was a total sampling of 48 respondents, with the subject of students - students and one of the parents of students of Nurul Abror Kindergarten Cibinong. The instrument used for parenting education and parenting is a questionnaire sheet filled out by parents, the developmental instrument used is the KPSP sheet conducted by researchers on students. Parenting questionnaire has been tested for validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.897. In research using Chi-Square, P = 0.004 and P = 0.000 so that it can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, which means that there is a relationship between education and parenting styles of parents with the development of preschool children in Nurul Abror Kindergarten, Cibinong. In this study it can be concluded that most of the education of parents with secondary education level with normal and appropriate child development. Keywords : Education, Parenting, Preschool Age Development ABSTRAK Tingkat pendidikan dan pola asuh orang tua adalah dua faktor yang berperan penting terhadap perkembangan anak prasekolah. Anak yang diasuh oleh orang tua dengan tingkat pendidikan yang tinggi dan dengan menerapkan pola asuh yang demokratis di prediksi anak dapat terhindar dari penyimpangan perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan pendidikan dan pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan anak prasekolah di TK Nurul Abror Cibinong. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah total sampling sebanyak 48 responden, dengan subjek siswa – siswi dan salah satu orang tua siswa – siswi TK Nurul Abror Cibinong. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pendidikan dan pola asuh orang tua ialah lembar kuesioner yang diisi oleh orang tua, instrumen perkembangan yang digunakan ialah lembar KPSP yang dilakukan oleh peneliti terhadap siswa – siswi. Kuesioner pola asuh telah diuji validitas dan reabilitas dengan koefisien cronbach’s alpha 0,897. Pada penelitian dengan menggunakan Chi-Square didapatkan P = 0,004 dan P = 0,000 sehingga dapat dikatakan H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang artinya ada hubungaan antara pendidikan dan pola asuh orang tua dengan perkembangan anak prasekolah di TK Nurul Abror Cibinong. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar pendidikan orang tua dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah dengan perkembangan anak normal dan sesuai. Kata Kunci : Pendidikan, Pola Asuh, Perkembangan Anak Usia Prasekolah
Health and Disease among Adolescent Urban School Girls in Bangladesh
Authors: Banu Tahmina , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Aziz Tasmiah Tahera , Tamanna Nowrin , Das Arni , Sharmeen Nugayer , Roy Sanchita , Sadab Durdana , Ahmed Sabbir 
Published: May 2022

Background: Adolescence is an important phase of life and adolescent girls have specific health related problems. The aim of the study was to address the health-related issues of urban school going adolescent girls from a lower-middle income country.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 1315 school high-school girls. Demographic and socioeconomic parameters were recorded and health related behaviours and problems analysed.
Results: Age ranged from 10 to 17 years. Immunization and deworming rates were 98.17% and 57.41%, respectively and deworming significantly reduced in higher classes (p=0.00). Major physical complaints were eye problems (583, 44.33%), allergy to various substances (500, 38.02%), headache (435, 33.08%) and menstrual problems (334, 25.40%). Obesity and overweight were significantly more in higher classes and underweight in lower classes (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Diverse and serious health related undiagnosed problems prevail among girls’ high school. Malnutrition, ocular problems, menstrual problems and headaches are major areas of concerns.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 19-25
Demographic and Clinical Profile of COVID-19 and Post-COVID Complications in Children at a Specialized COVID Hospital
Authors: Akter Humayra , Khanam Mursheda , Hoq Tanjina , Das Rita , Chowdhury MA Hassan 
Published: May 2022

Background: Clinical manifestations of children with COVID 19 differ widely from adult cases. They usually have milder disease. There are limited data on pediatric COVID patient from Bangladesh. This study was conducted to find out the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and post-COVID complications in a specialized COVID hospital from south-east part of Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (BITID), Fouzderhat, Chattogram from April 2020 to September, 2020. Medical records of PCR-confirmed pediatric COVID- 19 cases were collected. Data regarding age, sex, residence, contact history, presenting features, hospitalization, comorbidities and post-COVID complication were noted. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 version.
Results: Out of total 2058 pediatric patients, 183 (8.9%) were PCR confirmed COVID- 19 cases. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and median age was 11 years (Age range 3 months to 17 years). 35% patients belonged to the age group 11 to 15 years. Family clustering was the main transmission route (81.3%) and parents were the most common source (77.8%). Most of the patients lived in the Chattogram metropolitan area (57.1%). Highest peak of infection were during the month of May and June. Many of them (38.9%) were asymptomatic. Among them 11-15 years age group were mostly asymptomatic (38.6%). Most common presentation was fever (85%) followed by cough (37.5%), runny nose (25%) and sore throat (19.3%). For 2-5 years age group, gastrointestinal symptoms were predominant (30%). Only 9 patients (6.3%) required hospitalization. The median time from onset to cure was 3 days (Ranging from 1 to 30 days). Total 8 patients (5.6%) developed post-covid complications. Those were extreme weakness (2.8%), anorexia (2.1%), chronic cough (1.4%), insomnia (0.7%) and headache (0.7%). 16-17 years patients mostly suffered from these complications. There was no mortality in this pool of pediatric patients.
Conclusion: COVID 19 in pediatric patients is distinct from adults. There was slight male preponderance with 11-15 years age group being more susceptible. Most common source of infection were parents. Many patients had asymptomatic infection. Fever was the most common presenting feature followed by respiratory symptoms. Very few patients developed post-COVID complications which were mild and there was no mortality.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 61-65
Colonoscopic Evaluation of Per Rectal Bleeding in Children : Our Experience
Authors: Azim Md Anwarul , Yousuf Muhammad , Uddin Shahed Mohammad Musleh 
Published: May 2022

Background: Most patients with Per Rectal Bleeding (PRB) warrant endoscopic examination of the lower GI tract. This study was done to determine the demographic profile and find out the etiology of bleeding per rectum under colonoscipic evaluation.
Meterials and methods : In this study, we did a retrospective review of the clinical data of children between 0 and 18 years of age who presented with per rectalbleeding and underwent diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy in the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital, Chattagram from July 2014 to July 2021.Patient demographics, clinical features and endoscopic and histopathological findings were recorded.
Results: Overall, we included 111 patients with mean age 9.6±5.1 years. There were 69 (62.2%) male, 42(37.80%) female and with a male to female ratio of 1.64:1.0 The highest incidence was the age group of 11 to 18 years, 46 (41.40%). The most common colonoscopy finding were juvenile colorectal polyp 46 (41.44% ) which include rectal polyps 21 ( 18.9%), Sigmoid polyp 17 (15.3), recto sigmoid polyp 4 (3.6%), colonic polyp 4(3.6%), followed by internal hemorrhoids (20 cases, 18%) rectal ulcers (5 cases, 4.5%) colitis (4 cases, 3.60%) and findings suggestive of koach’s infection (2 cases, 1.8 %). All polyps were removed by colonoscopic polypectomy (47 cases 42.30%), 64 cases (57.65%) were given conservative treatment.
Conclusion :We found that Juvenile colorectal polyps constitute the most common cause of per rectal bleeding in pediatric age group followed by hemorrhoids and colitis . Colonoscopy remains a useful and safe procedure in children for evaluation of lower GI bleeding and it’s good for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 66-69
Mixed Diabetic Emergencies with Acute Pancreatitis and Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Md Mazharul , Azad Abul Kalam , Kazmi Syed , Khan Sidrah , Krishnan Singhan 
Published: May 2022

Diabetic ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State are both acute, lifethreatening metabolic complications occurring in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. The presence of both these conditions simultaneously in one patient is always a challenge to the clinicians. We report such a case of a 62-year-old gentleman known to have Type 2 diabetes, presented with multiple episodes of vomiting and collapse. On arrival to the Emergency Department, he was tachycardic and physical examination revealed upper abdominal tenderness. Blood tests revealed initial pH 6.96, HCO3 6.1mmol/L, Glucose high, blood ketones 5.8mmol/L, K 4.5mmol/L, and Lactate 1.7mmol/L. His calculated serum osmolality was 340mmol/Kg, serum amylase 532U/L and Troponin 88ng/ml. He was treated as per the DKA protocol of the trust and was transferred to the High Dependency Unit. In view of his raised serum osmolality, he was diagnosed as having mixed Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycaemic Hyperosmolar State. A CT scan of the abdomen was done to find out the underlying etiology which suggested acute pancreatitis. Additionally, he was diagnosed as having Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI). Both the surgical and cardiology teams were involved in his care. Because of his having both DKA and HHS features the management, especially fluid resuscitation was tailored accordingly. Eventually, the patient recovered and was stepped down to the ward 3 days later. Our case emphasizes that prompt and correct diagnosis of diabetic emergencies can lead to successful outcomes in patients with multiple complications as well. Timely diagnosis, thorough clinical and biochemical evaluation, and effective management are essential for the resolution of DKA and HHS.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 70-72
Nutritional Status among Children with Cerebral Palsy attended at Medical University Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Jesmin Habiba , Debnath Bithi , Islam Sajani , Rahman Mizanur 
Published: May 2022

Background: Feeding difficulty among children presented with cerebral palsy (CP) is a common problem which ultimately leads to malnutrition.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the nutritional aspect in children with cerebral palsy.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done in the Pediatric Neurology Unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The children of cerebral palsy aged 1 to 10 years was enrolled in this study. Perinatal, developmental and feeding history was taken meticulously. Nutritional status was assessed by Welcome, Waterlow and WHO classification and on the basis of MUAC and BMI. Neurological assessment was done thoroughly and severity grading was done according to WHO manual 1987.
Results: Majority (70.0%) of children were in the age group of 1 to 5 years. Most of the children were male (58.0%), born at term (90.0%) and had history of perinatal asphyxia (82.0%). Among enrolled children, 60.0% took adequate calorie. About 32.0% cases and 26.0% patient had difficulty in chewing and swallowing respectively whereas 54.0% faced drooling. Spastic quadriplegia (48.0%) was the most frequent type of Cerebral Palsy followed by mixed type (22.0%). According to Welcome classification, 32.0% cases had undernutrition and 6.0% cases had marasmus. Among children with marasmus, 66.7% cases had quadriplegia. Undernutrition was most frequent in quadriplegic and mixed type of cerebral palsy.
Conclusion: Malnutrition is a common problem among patients with cerebral palsy. However severe malnutrition is less.
Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, January 2022;9(1):42-47