bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homoeopathic Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report
Authors: Sahoo Sanjib , Bhattacharya Soumya , Dutta Abhijit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary disorder having a significant socioeconomic burden. Primary abnormality may be in muscle membrane, due to the alterations of dystrophin protein. The patient usually has trouble in muscular activities like running, climbing staircases, jumping, getting up from the ground, suffers from frequent falls and gait abnormality. Owing to the limited therapeutic modality for DMD in conventional medicine, an alternative approach is warranted.
Case Report An 8-year-old male child presented with unsteady gait, frequent falls, polymyalgia and weakness of limbs. Based on the clinical presentation and laboratory investigations, we diagnosed the case as DMD. On laboratory investigation, the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level was significantly raised. After a thorough clinical evaluation, he was treated with Radium bromide, Veratrum viride and Calcarea phosphorica at different time points. Clinically, the improvement was marked in regard to symptomatology and reduced serum CPK level.
Conclusion This is the first case demonstrating a favourable therapeutic course of homoeopathic treatment in DMD. For any further conclusion regarding the causal attribution, an individualistic n-of-1 trial may be warranted.
In the Mind of the Ophthalmology Residency Applicant: Deciding Where to Apply, Interview, and Rank
Authors: Jin Joy Q. , Ahmad Tessnim R. , Parikh Neeti , Srikumaran Divya , Woreta Fasika , Ramanathan Saras 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective This article characterizes the resources used by ophthalmology residency applicants when deciding where to apply, interview, and rank.
Design Cross-sectional, online survey.
Participants All applicants to the University of California–San Francisco ophthalmology residency program during the 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021 application cycles.
Methods A secure, anonymous, 19-item post-match questionnaire was distributed to participants inquiring about demographic information, match outcomes, and resources used to learn and make decisions about residency programs. Results were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods.
Main Outcome Measures Qualitative ranking of resources used to decide where to apply, interview, and rank.
Results One hundred thirty-six of 870 solicited applicants responded to the questionnaire, for a response rate of 15.6%. Digital platforms were ranked as more important resources than people (i.e., faculty, career advisors, residents, and program directors) when applicants were deciding where to apply and interview. Digital platforms became far less important when applicants were formulating their rank lists, at which time the program's academic reputation, perceived happiness of residents and faculty, interview experience, and geographic location were more important. When learning about residency programs, 100% of respondents engaged with program Web sites, and the majority engaged with program emails (n=88 [85.4%]), Doximity (n=82 [79.6%]), Reddit (n=64 [62.1%]), Instagram (n=59 [57.3%]), the FREIDA residency program database (n=55 [53.4%]), and YouTube (n=53 [51.5%]). All 13 digital platforms included in the survey were utilized by at least 25% of respondents, largely passively (i.e., reading rather than producing content). Respondents indicated that the most important topics to include on program Web sites were the number of residents accepted per year, current resident profiles, and resident alumni job/fellowship placement.
Conclusion Applicants engage heavily with digital media in deciding where to apply and interview but rely heavily on their personal experiences with the program in deciding where to rank. Ophthalmology programs may facilitate recruitment of applicants by optimizing their digital media platforms.
Should I stay or should I go? Observation post-vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic and the law of unintended consequences
Authors: Ingham Gerard , Kippen Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Background Standard practice after all vaccinations in Australia is to observe patients for 15 min. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, could the risk of contracting and dying from COVID-19 acquired in the waiting room be greater than the risk of dying from post-vaccine anaphylaxis when leaving immediately? Methods The risks are modelled for a patient aged 70+ years attending for annual influenza vaccination in a typical Australian general practice clinic. The risk of death from anaphylaxis is estimated based on known rates of anaphylaxis shortly after influenza vaccination. The risk of acquiring COVID-19 during a 15-min wait and then dying from that infection is estimated using the COVID-19 Aerosol Transmission Estimator and COVID-19 Risk Calculator. Results Other than at times of extremely low COVID-19 prevalence, the risk of death from anaphylaxis for a patient aged 70+ years leaving immediately after influenza vaccine is less than the risk of death from COVID-19 acquired via aerosol transmission during a 15-min wait. The risk of death from COVID-19 is greatest for the unimmunised and when masks are not worn. Conclusions A more nuanced approach to advice post-vaccination is recommended that considers current COVID-19 prevalence and virulence, the characteristics of the waiting room, the risk of anaphylaxis, and the patient’s susceptibility to death from COVID-19. There are many circumstances where it would be safer for a patient to leave immediately after vaccination.
Markedness and voicing gaps in stop and fricative inventories
Authors: Wang Sheng-Fu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the hypothesis that marked sounds are more likely to be gaps in a sound inventory. A gap is defined as an absence of an [α voice] stop or fricative when the [−α voice] counterpart exists. Different formulations of markedness are tested and evaluated on whether they label the gaps as more marked than attested sounds. Results show an overall success of markedness based on typological attestedness of sounds in labeling gaps as more marked. However, the success of markedness based on aerodynamics and cross-linguistic phonological processes is limited to stops and fricatives, respectively. Analyses also show that gaps in attested inventories are more likely to be marked than gaps from randomized artificial inventories. This discrepancy between attested and artificial inventories shows how markedness, feature economy, and symmetry interact in shaping sound systems of human languages.
Beyond the English passive
Authors: Foltz Anouschka 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research on syntactic priming in typically-developing monolingual children has focused on when abstract
syntactic representations first emerge and on which mechanisms can explain syntactic priming effects in acquisition. Much of
this work has focused on the English passive (but also dative structures). In this chapter, I explore how syntactic priming
data can provide more fine-grained information about children’s syntactic representations, what we can learn about the role
and representation of interfaces, and how syntactic priming can be used to systematically explore frequency effects in L1
acquisition. In each case, I emphasize how research with different structures and languages can make important contributions
in these areas.
Sticking to what we know
Authors: Atkinson Emily 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ultimate goal of research is to generate and test broad theories that account for a wide range of
scenarios. Conclusions at this level, however, are only valid if they are based on heterogenous data. This chapter reviews the
limitations in child syntactic priming methodologies that do not allow generalization. Specifically, the set of structures
that has been examined is small and most studies have tested priming effects using production tasks. The chapter concludes
with an experiment that addresses both of these issues by using a comprehension methodology to investigate the priming of
children’s prepositional phrase attachment preferences.
Collective expansion in pp collisions using the Tsallis statistics
Authors: Gu Jinbiao , Li Chenyan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Wenchao , Zheng Hua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the transverse momentum (p
T) spectra of identified hadrons in minimum-bias proton–proton (pp) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy

(

s

)

of 0.9, 2.76, 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV in the framework of Tsallis-blast wave (TBW) model. It is found that the model describes well the particle spectra up to 10 GeV/c. The radial flow (⟨β⟩) increases with the collision energy. The degrees of non-equilibrium (q) and the Tsallis temperature parameter (T) show a similar behaviour, but with a much weaker trend. With this dependence of the freeze-out parameters on the collision energy, we evaluate ⟨β⟩, T and q in pp collisions at

s

=

8 and 14 TeV and predict the particle spectra at these two energies. Moreover, in order to investigate the multiplicity dependence of the freeze-out parameters, the TBW model is extended to the spectra at different charged-particle multiplicity classes in pp collisions at

s

=

7 and 13 TeV. It is observed that at both energies the radial flow increases with the multiplicity while the degree of non-equilibrium shows an opposite behaviour, which is similar to that observed in proton–nucleus (pA) and nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. However, the Tsallis temperature parameter increases with the multiplicity, which is opposite to the trend in pA and AA collisions. At similar multiplicities, the radial flow in pp collisions is stronger than those in pA and AA collisions, indicating that the size of the colliding system has significant effects on the final state particle dynamics. Finally, we apply an additional flow correction to the Tsallis temperature parameter and find that the Doppler-corrected temperature parameter almost scales with the multiplicity in a uniform way, despite the difference in the colliding system and collision energy.
Experimental study of gas flow rate influence on a dielectric barrier discharge in helium
Authors: Ivković Saša S , Cvetanović Nikola , Obradović Bratislav M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A systematic study was performed to investigate the influence of gas flow rate on a helium dielectric barrier discharge. A closed-chamber barrier discharge with plane electrodes was examined through electrical and spectroscopic measurements for a set of gas flow rates varying from 0.05 l min−1 to 5 l min−1. The work was concentrated on the presumed connection between the gas flow rate and the impurity level, and consequential change of the discharge operation. A method was developed for estimation of impurities from the emission spectrum and applied in our discharge. The obtained results showed a strongly non-linear decrease of impurities concentration with increasing flow rate of the working gas. Experimental results showed a significant change of electrical properties, like breakdown voltage and current density with the gas flow. The measured electric field distribution did not show important change. The increase of the gas electrical capacitance with gas flow rate was detected, due to the rise of the transferred charge. The intensity of atomic and molecular emissions, along with space time development of certain emissions indicated the change in excitation mechanism with the variation of the gas flow. Analysis shows that the main mechanism of the changes in the discharge is the decrease of impurities, which leads to reduction of helium metastable quenching which, in turn, increases the density of helium metastables important for ionization and excitation processes. The obtained results mostly agree with the models of the discharge behavior with change of impurity level.
The 2021 release of the Quantemol database (QDB) of plasma chemistries and reactions
Authors: Tennyson Jonathan , Mohr Sebastian , Hanicinec M , Dzarasova Anna , Smith Carrick , Waddington Sarah , Liu Bingqing , Alves Luís L , Bartschat Klaus , Bogaerts Annemie , Engelmann Sebastian U , Gans Timo , Gibson Andrew R , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Hamilton Kathryn R , Hill Christian , O’Connell Deborah , Rauf Shahid , van ’t Veer Kevin , Zatsarinny Oleg 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Quantemol database (QDB) provides cross sections and rates of processes important for plasma models; heavy particle collisions (chemical reactions) and electron collision processes are considered. The current version of QDB has data on 28 917 processes between 2485 distinct species plus data for surface processes. These data are available via a web interface or can be delivered directly to plasma models using an application program interface; data are available in formats suitable for direct input into a variety of popular plasma modeling codes including HPEM, COMSOL, ChemKIN, CFD-ACE+, and VisGlow. QDB provides ready assembled plasma chemistries plus the ability to build bespoke chemistries. The database also provides a Boltzmann solver for electron dynamics and a zero-dimensional model. Thesedevelopments, use cases involving O2, Ar/NF3, Ar/NF3/O2, and He/H2O/O2 chemistries, and plans for the future are presented.
Localization of Lamb wave source with a single transmitter-receiver combination by elastic metamaterials
Authors: Hua Jiadong , Lian Ruohan , Du Daiyao , Lin Jing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring systems utilize Lamb wave transducer arrays for identification and localization of scattering wave sources. A large number of transducers are usually required during array signal processing and source localization, which increases hardware cost and reduces system reliability. To overcome this limitation, a metamaterial structure is designed in this study to realize source localization with a single transmitter-receiver combination. The basic design principle is the utilization of local resonators to customize propagation characteristics of Lamb waves. In particular, amplitude-frequency modulation and velocity dispersion are customized during metamaterial design. Uncorrelated amplitude-frequency modulation is extracted from signal frequency spectrum for orientation identification. Velocity dispersion is extracted from signal time-frequency spectrum for distance evaluation. After orientation identification and distance evaluation, wave source localization is then realized. Finally, the metamaterial structure is 3D printed using PA2200 nylon and bonded to the aluminum specimen to experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of source localization with a single transmitter-receiver combination.
Cosmological bound on the QCD axion mass, redux
Authors: D'Eramo Francesco , Di Valentino Eleonora , Giarè William , Hajkarim Fazlollah , Melchiorri Alessandro , Mena Olga , Renzi Fabrizio , Yun Seokhoon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe revisit the joint constraints in the mixed hot dark matter scenario in which both thermally produced QCD axions and relic neutrinos are present. Upon recomputing the cosmological axion abundance via recent advances in the literature, we improve the state-of-the-art analyses and provide updated bounds on axion and neutrino masses. By avoiding approximate methods, such as the instantaneous decoupling approximation, and limitations due to the limited validity of the perturbative approach in QCD that forced to artificially divide the constraints from the axion-pion and the axion-gluon production channels, we find robust and self-consistent limits. We investigate the two most popular axion frameworks: KSVZ and DFSZ. From Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) light element abundances data we find for the KSVZ axion ΔNeff< 0.31 and an axion mass boundma< 0.53 eV (i.e., a bound on the axion decay constantfa> 1.07 × 107GeV) both at 95% CL. These BBN bounds are improved to ΔNeff< 0.14 andma< 0.16 eV (fa> 3.56 × 107GeV) if a prior on the baryon energy density from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data is assumed. When instead considering cosmological observations from the CMB temperature, polarization and lensing from the Planck satellite combined with large scale structure data we find ΔNeff< 0.23,ma< 0.28 eV (fa> 2.02 × 107GeV) and ∑mν< 0.16 eV at 95% CL. This corresponds approximately to a factor of 5 improvement in the axion mass bound with respect to the existing limits. Very similar results are obtained for the DFSZ axion. We also forecast upcoming observations from future CMB and galaxy surveys, showing that they could reach percent level errors forma∼ 1 eV.
Investigating the constraints on primordial features with future cosmic microwave background and galaxy surveys
Authors: Chandra Debabrata , Pal Supratik 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this article, we do a thorough investigation of the competency of the forthcoming
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Galaxy surveys in probing the features in the primordial
power spectrum. Primordial features are specific model-dependent corrections on top of the
standard power-law inflationary power spectrum; the functional form being given by different
inflationary scenarios. Signature of any significant departure from the feature-less power
spectrum will enable us to decipher the intricacies of the inflationary Universe. Here, we delve
into three major yet distinct features, namely, Bump feature, Sharp feature
signal, and Resonance feature signal. To analyse the features, we adopt a specific
template for each feature model. We estimate the possible constraints on the feature parameters by
employing Fisher matrix forecast analysis for the upcoming CMB missions such as CMB-S4,
CORE-M5, LiteBIRD, PICO conjointly with DESI, and
EUCLID galaxy surveys. To this end, we make use of four distinct observations to forecast
on the bounds on the model parameters, namely, CMB, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), Galaxy Clustering and Gravitational Weak Lensing or
Cosmic Shear and their permissible synergy. For large scale structure (LSS) information,
we consider different upper limits of scale for different redshifts for the purpose of
circumventing the propagation of the errors stemming from the uncertainties on nonlinear scales
into the constraints on the feature parameters. A comparative analysis of all three features has
been done to estimate relative capabilities of these upcoming observations in shedding light on
this crucial aspect of precision cosmology.
Searching for velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation signals from extragalactic halos
Authors: Baxter Eric J. , Kumar Jason , Paul Aleczander D. , Runburg Jack 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider gamma-ray signals of dark matter annihilation in extragalactic halos in the case where dark matter annihilates from ap-wave ord-wave state. In these scenarios, signals from extragalactic halos are enhanced relative to other targets, such as the Galactic Center or dwarf spheroidal galaxies, because the typical relative speed of the dark matter is larger in extragalactic halos. We perform a mock data analysis of gamma rays produced by dark matter annihilation in halos detected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We include a model for uncorrelated galactic and extragalactic gamma ray backgrounds, as well as a simple model for backgrounds due to astrophysical processes in the extragalactic halos detected by the survey. We find that, for models which are still allowed by other gamma ray searches, searches of extragalactic halos with the current Fermi exposure can produce evidence for dark matter annihilation, though it is difficult to distinguish thep-wave andd-wave scenarios. With a factor 10× larger exposure, though, discrimination of the velocity-dependence is possible.
Exploring KSZ velocity reconstruction with N-body simulations and the halo model
Authors: Giri Utkarsh , Smith Kendrick M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
KSZ velocity reconstruction is a recently proposed method for mapping
the largest-scale modes of the universe, by applying a quadratic estimator
v̂

r
to the small-scale CMB and a galaxy catalog.
We implement kSZ velocity reconstruction in an N-body simulation
pipeline and explore its properties.
We find that the reconstruction noise can be larger than the analytic
prediction which is usually assumed.
We revisit the analytic prediction and find additional noise terms which explain the discrepancy.
The new terms are obtained from a six-point halo model calculation,
and are analogous to the N
(1) and N
(3/2) biases
in CMB lensing.
We implement an MCMC pipeline which estimates fNL
from
N-body kSZ simulations, and show
that it recovers unbiased estimates of fNL
, with statistical
errors consistent with a Fisher matrix forecast.
Overall, these results confirm that kSZ velocity reconstruction will be
a powerful probe of cosmology in the near future, but new terms
should be included in the noise power spectrum.
Research on a quality detection system of dust suppression spraying for railway coal transportation using laser backscattering technology
Authors: Wang Tianhu , Wu Yuntao , Zhao Yang , Luo Yinsheng , Wang Yongjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the low efficiency of manual sample inspection of dust suppression spraying quality in railway coal transportation, a detection system combining a high-pressure gas spraying and laser backscattering detection technology is presented in this paper. In terms of hardware, it is composed of gas excitation, powdered coal concentration detection and a control unit. The gas excitation device, including nozzle, camera and electric control platform, is designed for realizing the dust suppressant spraying quality detection by nozzle jet gas impacts on a coal surface. In terms of software, the programs for the system were developed based on the LabVIEW development platform, realizing the system parameter adjustment, detection signal display, gas excitation control and real-time data storage functions. Experimental results show that the gas pressure of the field test should be maintained at 0.9 MPa–1.23 MPa and the distance between the equipment and the target vehicle is more than 2000 mm. The proposed system can detect 3–4 times spot checks with a single carriage for the train under the speed of 3 m s−1–5 m s−1, which solves the problems of low efficiency and high risk of manual detection.
Comparison of New Approaches of Semi-syllable Units for Speech Recognition of Any Arabic Word
Authors: Boumehdi Ahmed , Yousfi Abdellah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study uses the same semi-syllable units already defined in our previous work; a semi-syllable is a simple Arabic letter followed by its diacritic information. This work experiment with three configurations. In the first configuration, we redefine the “السكون” (Soukoun is an Arabic diacritical sign representing the absence of a vowel) as a new independent phonemes that is different from the consonant itself. In the second configuration, we also redefine the geminated consonant with a new independent phoneme. In the last configuration, we combined the first two experiments. The results proved that the three configurations gave better results compared to regular semi-syllables, and the highest recognition rate was achieved on the third configuration.