bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Main patterns of radula formation and ontogeny in Gastropoda
Authors: Vortsepneva Elena , Mikhlina Anna , Kantor Yuri 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGastropoda is morphologically highly variable and broadly distributed group of mollusks. Due to the high morphological and functional diversity of the feeding apparatus gastropods follow a broad range of feeding strategies: from detritivory to highly specialized predation. The feeding apparatus includes the buccal armaments: jaw(s) and radula. The radula comprises a chitinous ribbon with teeth arranged in transverse and longitudinal rows. A unique characteristic of the radula is its continuous renewal during the entire life of a mollusk. The teeth and the membrane are continuously synthesized in the blind end of the radular sac and are shifted forward to the working zone, while the teeth harden and are mineralized on the way. Despite the similarity of the general mechanism of the radula formation in gastropods, some phylogenetically determined features can be identified in different phylogenetic lineages. These mainly concern shape, size, and number of the odontoblasts forming a single tooth. The radular morphology depends on the shape of the formation zone and the morphology of the subradular epithelium. The radula first appears at the pre‐ and posttorsional veliger stages as an invagination of the buccal epithelium of the larval anterior gut. The larval radular sac is lined with uniform undifferentiated cells. Each major phylogenetic lineage is characterized by a specific larval radula type. Thus, the docoglossan radula of Patellogastropoda is characterized by initially three and then five teeth in a transverse row. The larval rhipidoglossan radula has seven teeth in a row with differentiation into central, lateral, and marginal teeth and later is transformed into the adult radula morphology by the addition of lateral and especially marginal teeth. The taenioglossan radula of Caenogastropoda is nearly immediately formed in adult configuration with seven teeth in a row.
Early warning signals for Omicron outbreaks in China: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Ke , Shi Jin , Liu Xin , Ward Michael P. , Wang Zengliang , Liu Rui , Zhao Zheng , Yin Yun , Liu Yuanhua , Hong Jie , Huang Jiaqi , Chen Xi , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Omicron variant has become the dominant COVID‐19 variant worldwide due to its rapid and cryptic spread. Therefore, successful early warning is of great importance to be able to control epidemics in their early phase, before developing into large outbreaks. COVID‐19‐related Baidu search index, which reflects human behavior to a certain degree, was used to retrospectively detect the warning signs for Omicron variant outbreaks in China in 2022. The characteristics and effects of warning signs were analyzed in detail. We detected the presence of early warning signs (both high and low thresholds) and found that these occurred 4–7 days earlier than traditional epidemiological surveillance and >20 days earlier than the implementation of the local “lockdown” policy. Compared with the “high threshold” warning, the early warning effect of the “low threshold” is also vital because it indicates a negligence about epidemic prevention and control. However, there is obvious heterogeneity in the optimal threshold for detecting early warning signs and their distribution in different cities. Multi‐source and multi‐point early warning systems should be established via combining internet‐based big data in the future to conduct effective and early real‐time warning. This would create precious time for the early control of COVID‐19 outbreaks.
Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on tropical precipitation via triggering anomaly water vapour transport from ocean to land
Authors: Wang Jialin , Pan Feifei , Li Haiyan , An Pingli , Han Guolin , Jiang Kang , Chen Xiao , Zhang Ziyuan , Song Yu , Huang Na , Ma Shangqian , Zhang Zhenzhen , Men Jingyu , Lv Xiaoqin , Pan Zhihua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAtmospheric water vapour transport is one of the most active components of the hydrological cycle, which shows great effects on the regional climate variability, while it is largely affected by the large‐scale circulation systems. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shows a remarkable influence on the atmospheric water circulation via disrupting the normal/regular water vapour transport processes, producing the anomaly water vapour fluxes input from ocean to land (Qnet), and leading to regional precipitation anomalies. However, their quantitative impact has not been fully studied. This study quantified the effect of ENSO on the water vapour transport from ocean to land and identified its impact on tropical precipitation anomalies. The results showed that the global detrended Qnet displayed a significantly negative correlation with the strength of ENSO. The notable impact of ENSO on Qnet was largely affected by the different patterns of the atmospheric moisture circulation during El Niño and La Niña and was responsible for the change of the spatial distribution of precipitation over the Tropics. El Niño reduced precipitation over the Malay Archipelago and increased precipitation over south China, especially in boreal winter, while La Niña enhanced precipitation over the Malay Archipelago. This study identified the impacts of ENSO on the circulation and water vapour transport process and improved our understanding of the influencing mechanism of ENSO on regional precipitation anomalies, which has important significance on regional water resource management and disaster risk assessment, especially as the extreme climate events have become increasingly frequent.
Development and characterization of chitosan edible film incorporated with epoxy‐activated agarose
Authors: Sutharsan Jenani , Boyer Cyrille Andre , Zhao Jian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackroundChitosan is a linear polysaccharide, which has promising characteristics to be used as a packaging film. In this study chitosan‐based edible films incorporated with epoxy‐activated agarose (EAA) at different levels [5, 10, 15, and 20% (w/w of chitosan)] were developed by casting method and their physicochemical and barrier properties were evaluated.ResultsAddition of EAA to chitosan produced translucent and flexible films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) revealed functional groups of chitosan and EAA interacting via hydrogen bonds. Tensile strength, moisture content, swelling power, film solubility, and the thermal stability of the films were declined by 65%, 12%, 50%, 13%, and 68%, respectively, with increasing concentrations of EAA up to 15%. Whereas film thickness, opacity, and elongation at break significantly increased by 23%, 69%, and 160%, respectively. In particular, the elongation of the composite films and the opacity was doubled that of the pure chitosan film when 20% EAA was incorporated. The color variations between pure chitosan and chitosan‐EAA films were minimal. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images showed that at higher concentrations of the EAA, the films produced had a slightly rougher surface.ConclusionThis study indicates that the addition of EAA at appropriate levels to chitosan can improve the physicochemical properties of chitosan‐based edible composite films, which may find potential applications in food packaging.
Agronomic biofortification of forage crops with zinc and copper for enhancing nutritive potential: a systematic review
Authors: Singh Dhaliwal Salwinder , Sharma Vivek , Kumar Shukla Arvind , Singh Shivay Yashbir , Hossain Akbar , Verma Vibha , Kaur Gill Manmeet , Singh Jaswinder , Singh Bhatti Sandip , Verma Gayatri , Singh Jagdish , Singh Prabhjot 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany developing countries are facing a silent increase in deficiency of micronutrients in forage crops that results in decreased levels of essential nutrients in animals. Micronutrients are essential not only for basic metabolic processes of forage crops but also for sustaining animal health. Forage productivity and quality are severely affected by soil micronutrients deficiencies, especially zinc and copper. This review summarizes the literature highlighting the significance of different methodologies used to increase the biomass and quality of forage so as to enhance the micronutrient content of the forage crops through biofortification. Biofortification is a promising and sustainable agriculture‐based strategy to reduce micronutrient deficiency in crops. The experiments and trials conducted at different locations of the world showed that copper and zinc concentrations in animal fodders can be enhanced through the process of foliar application. Additionally, agronomic biofortification showed more promising results, and thus is an outstanding, fast, and cost‐effective technique for the immediate enrichment of forage in order to overcome malnutrition in animals. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The audiological characteristics of infant auditory neuropathy patients without otoacoustic emission
Authors: Wu Kaili , Lan Lan , Shi Wei , Li Jin , Xie Linyi , Xiong Fen , Wang Hongyang , Wang Qiuju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the audiological characteristics of infant auditory neuropathy (AN) patients with cochlear microphonic (CM) recorded but absent otoacoustic emission (OAE), clinically reducing the rate of missed diagnosis of AN.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the audiological characteristics of infant AN patients in our medical center between 2003 and 2020. A total of 18 infant AN patients were OAE absent group, with CM present and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) absent in both ears. A total of 44 infant AN patients were OAE present group, with CM and DPOAE present in both ears.Results(1) The found age in OAE absent group was 0.9 (0.02) years old, which was younger than 1.11 (1.63) years old in OAE present group (p = .041). (2) The CM threshold of OAE absent group was 80 (10) dB nHL, which was significantly higher (p < .001) than OAE present group. CM amplitude were smaller (p < .05), and CM duration were shorter (p < .05) in OAE absent group. (3) The thresholds of auditory steady‐state response (ASSR) at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz were 94 (10), 94 (10), 87 (20), and 81 (10) dB HL cg, respectively in OAE absent group, which were higher than those in OAE present group (p < .01).ConclusionsInfant AN patients with CM present and OAE absent showed earlier detection and different audiological performance, which was manifested in ASSR thresholds, audiometric configurations and CM performance. CM thresholds were increased, amplitude and duration were decreased, non‐linearity of I/O function was reduced.Level of Evidence4
Autophagy‐independent mitochondrial quality control: Mechanisms and disease associations
Authors: Bao Feixiang , Xiao Jiahui , Zhou Lingyan , Xie Yaohang , Li Yueqiao , Wu Yi , Liu Xingguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaintaining a healthy and functional mitochondrial network is crucial for cell survival and function. Protein misfolding and dysfunction are particularly prevalent in them due to physiological adaptations and stress conditions. For mitochondria to function properly, multiple quality control systems have evolved to ensure that there are enough mitochondria to meet cells’ needs, damaged mitochondrial proteins or mitochondrial parts can be eliminated using these pathways. Several mechanisms control mitochondrial quality, including protein, organelle, and cellular levels. As the extensive study of canonical mitochondrial quality‐mitophagy, this paper reviews the processes and mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control independent of autophagy, including mitochondrial protein and DNA degradation, mitochondria‐derived vesicles and mitochondria‐derived compartments, mitochondrial secretion, tunneling nanotubes, mitocytosis, and mitolysosome exocytosis. Understanding these novel quality control pathways may provide insights into mitochondrial homeostasis and for developing targeted treatments for diseases where these systems fail.
Congenital disorder of glycosylation with defective fucosylation 2 (FCSK gene defect): The third report in the literature with a mild phenotype
Authors: Al Tuwaijri Abeer , Alyafee Yusra , Umair Muhammad , Alsubait Arwa , Alharbi Mashael , AlEidi Hamad , Ballow Mariam , Aldrees Mohammed , Alam Qamre , Al Abdulrahman Abdulkareem , Alrifai Muhammad Talal , Alfadhel Majid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of heterogeneous disorders caused by abnormal lipid or protein glycosylation. Variants in the FCSK gene have been reported to cause CDG. Defective FCSK‐induced CDG (FCSK–CDG) has only been reported previously in three unrelated children.MethodsIn this study, we genetically and clinically examined a 3‐year‐old proband with resolved infantile spasms and normal development. Standard whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the functional impact of the variant.ResultsWES revealed a rare biallelic missense variant (c.3013G>C; p.Val1005Leu) in FCSK. RT‐qPCR showed a significant depletion in FCSK gene expression in the affected individual. Western blotting revealed reduced FCSK expression at the protein level compared to that in the control. Furthermore, 3D protein modeling suggested changes in the secondary structure, which might affect the overall FCSK protein function.ConclusionThis study broadens the mutation and phenotypic spectrum of FCSK‐associated developmental disorders.
Technical note: Performance evaluation of volumetric imaging based on motion modeling by principal component analysis
Authors: Asano Suzuka , Oseki Keishi , Takao Seishin , Miyazaki Koichi , Yokokawa Kohei , Matsuura Taeko , Taguchi Hiroshi , Katoh Norio , Aoyama Hidefumi , Umegaki Kikuo , Miyamoto Naoki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeTo quantitatively evaluate the achievable performance of volumetric imaging based on lung motion modeling by principal component analysis (PCA).MethodsIn volumetric imaging based on PCA, internal deformation was represented as a linear combination of the eigenvectors derived by PCA of the deformation vector fields evaluated from patient‐specific four‐dimensional‐computed tomography (4DCT) datasets. The volumetric image was synthesized by warping the reference CT image with a deformation vector field which was evaluated using optimal principal component coefficients (PCs). Larger PCs were hypothesized to reproduce deformations larger than those included in the original 4DCT dataset. To evaluate the reproducibility of PCA‐reconstructed volumetric images synthesized to be close to the ground truth as possible, mean absolute error (MAE), structure similarity index measure (SSIM) and discrepancy of diaphragm position were evaluated using 22 4DCT datasets of nine patients.ResultsMean MAE and SSIM values for the PCA‐reconstructed volumetric images were approximately 80 HU and 0.88, respectively, regardless of the respiratory phase. In most test cases including the data of which motion range was exceeding that of the modeling data, the positional error of diaphragm was less than 5 mm. The results suggested that large deformations not included in the modeling 4DCT dataset could be reproduced. Furthermore, since the first PC correlated with the displacement of the diaphragm position, the first eigenvector became the dominant factor representing the respiration‐associated deformations. However, other PCs did not necessarily change with the same trend as the first PC, and no correlation was observed between the coefficients. Hence, randomly allocating or sampling these PCs in expanded ranges may be applicable to reasonably generate an augmented dataset with various deformations.ConclusionsReasonable accuracy of image synthesis comparable to those in the previous research were shown by using clinical data. These results indicate the potential of PCA‐based volumetric imaging for clinical applications.
An open source plant kinase chemogenomics set
Authors: Ercoli Maria Florencia , Ramos Priscila Zonzini , Jain Rashmi , Pilotte Joseph , Dong Oliver Xiaoou , Thompson Ty , Wells Carrow I. , Elkins Jonathan M. , Edwards Aled M. , Couñago Rafael M. , Drewry David H. , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne hundred twenty‐nine protein kinases, selected to represent the diversity of the rice (Oryza sativa) kinome, were cloned and tested for expression in Escherichia coli. Forty of these rice kinases were purified and screened using differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) against 627 diverse kinase inhibitors, with a range of structures and activities targeting diverse human kinases. Thirty‐seven active compounds were then tested for their ability to modify primary root development in Arabidopsis. Of these, 14 compounds caused a significant reduction of primary root length compared with control plants. Two of these inhibitory compounds bind to the predicted orthologue of Arabidopsis PSKR1, one of two receptors for PSK, a small sulfated peptide that positively controls root development. The reduced root length phenotype could not be rescued by the exogenous addition of the PSK peptide, suggesting that chemical treatment may inhibit both PSKR1 and its closely related receptor PSKR2. Six of the compounds acting as root growth inhibitors in Arabidopsis conferred the same effect in rice. Compound RAF265 (CHIR‐265), previously shown to bind the human kinase BRAF (B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase), also binds to nine highly conserved rice kinases tested. The binding of human and rice kinases to the same compound suggests that human kinase inhibitor sets will be useful for dissecting the function of plant kinases.
Delineating gene–environment effects using virtual twins of patients treated with clozapine
Authors: Mostafa Sam , Polasek Thomas M. , Bousman Chad , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Sheffield Leslie J. , Everall Ian , Pantelis Christos , Kirkpatrick Carl M. J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies that focus on individual covariates, while ignoring their interactions, may not be adequate for model‐informed precision dosing (MIPD) in any given patient. Genetic variations that influence protein synthesis should be studied in conjunction with environmental covariates, such as cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to build virtual twins (VTs) of real patients receiving clozapine with interacting covariates related to genetics and environment and to delineate the impact of interacting covariates on predicted clozapine plasma concentrations. Clozapine‐treated patients with schizophrenia (N = 42) with observed clozapine plasma concentrations, demographic, environmental, and genotype data were used to construct VTs in Simcyp. The effect of increased covariate virtualization was assessed by performing simulations under three conditions: “low” (demographic), “medium” (demographic and environmental interaction), and “high” (demographic and environmental/genotype interaction) covariate virtualization. Increasing covariate virtualization with interaction improved the coefficient of variation (R2) from 0.07 in the low model to 0.391 and 0.368 in the medium and high models, respectively. Whereas R2 was similar between the medium and high models, the high covariate virtualization model had improved accuracy, with systematic bias of predicted clozapine plasma concentration improving from −138.48 ng/ml to −74.65 ng/ml. A high level of covariate virtualization (demographic, environmental, and genotype) may be required for MIPD using VTs.
Exploring the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine in regulating liver fibrosis based on the alteration of glucose metabolic pathways
Authors: Guo Xinhua , Zheng Bowen , Wang Jiahui , Zhao Tiejian , Zheng Yang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, metabolic reprogramming in liver fibrosis has become a research hotspot in the field of liver fibrosis at home and abroad. Liver fibrosis is a pathological change caused by chronic liver injury from a variety of causes. Liver fibrosis is a common pathological feature of many chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, and autoimmune hepatitis, as well as the pathogenesis of the disease. The development of chronic liver disease into cirrhosis must go through the pathological process of liver fibrosis, in which hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play an important role. Following liver injury, HSC are activated and transdifferentiated into scar‐forming myofibroblasts, which drive the trauma healing response and which rely on the deposition of collagen‐rich extracellular matrix to maintain tissue integrity. This reaction will continue without strict control, which will lead to excessive accumulation of matrix and liver fibrosis. The mechanisms and clinical studies of liver fibrosis have been the focus of research in liver diseases. In recent years, several studies have revealed the mechanism of HSC metabolic reprogramming and the impact of this process on liver fibrosis, in which glucose metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in the activation of HSC, and it mainly meets the energy demand of HSC activation by upregulating glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process by which one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and produces energy and lactate under anaerobic conditions. Various factors have been found to be involved in regulating the glycolytic process of HSC, including glucose transport, intracellular processing of glucose, exosome secretion, and lactate production, etc. Inhibition of the glycolytic process of HSC can be an effective strategy against liver fibrosis. Currently, the combined action of multiple targets and links of Chinese medicine such as turmeric, comfrey, rhubarb and scutellaria baicalensis against the mechanism of liver fibrosis can effectively improve or even reverse liver fibrosis. This paper summarizes that turmeric extract curcumin, comfrey extract comfreyin, rhubarb, Subtle yang yu yin granules, Scutellaria baicalensis extract oroxylin A and cardamom extract cardamomin affect liver fibrosis by regulating gluconeogenic reprogramming. Therefore, studying the mechanism of action of TCM in regulating liver fibrosis through reprogramming of glucose metabolism is promising to explore new methods and approaches for Chinese Medicine modernization research.
Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers for detection of the local anesthetic lidocaine in urine
Authors: Takahashi Fumiki , Matsuda Kazusane , Nakazawa Tomoyuki , Mori Shuki , Yoshida Masachika , Shimizu Ryo , Tatsumi Hirosuke , Jin Jiye 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers are materials that can capture target analytes using molecular recognition. These polymers can efficiently detect trace target chemical species in biological samples, such as urine and blood, containing various matrix components. We aimed to analyze the interaction of molecularly imprinted polymers with the target molecule lidocaine, which is an amino amide pharmaceutical. Lidocaine‐templated molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized by bulk polymerization. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry showed there was a strong interaction between lidocaine and the recognition site in the molecularly imprinted polymers. Non‐selective adsorption of lidocaine on the molecularly imprinted polymers was confirmed and characterized by Scatchard analysis. The washing solution was optimized for the separation of lidocaine from the structurally similar anesthetics procaine and tetracaine by taking advantage of differences in binding strength. The molecularly imprinted polymers could adsorb lidocaine in urine samples and were not affected by interfering compounds. Consequently, they could be applied to the analysis of biological materials. These results suggest that the molecularly imprinted polymers can be used for separation and detection with high selectivity and could be applied in forensic and clinical analysis.