bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the protective face mask on cardiorespiratory response during aerobic exercise
Authors: do Prado Danilo Marcelo Leite , Silvino Valmir Oliveira , Motta‐Santos Daisy , dos Santos Marcos Antônio Pereira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe protective face mask (PFM) has been widely used for safety purposes and, after the advent of the COVID‐19 pandemic, its use is growing steadily, not only among healthcare personnel but also the general population. While the PFM is important to preserve the wearer from contaminating agents present in the airflow, they are well known to increase the subjective perception of breathing difficulty. Although some studies have demonstrated that PFM use worsens exercise tolerance, several studies state that there is no such limitation with the use of PFM. Moreover, no serious adverse effects during physical exercise have been found in the literature. Physical exercise represents a significant challenge to the human body through a series of integrated changes in function that involve most of its physiologic systems. In this respect, cardiovascular and respiratory systems provide the capacity to sustain physical tasks over extended periods. Within this scenario, both convective oxygen (O2) transport (product of arterial O2 content × blood flow) to the working locomotor muscles and O2 diffusive transport from muscle capillaries to mitochondria are of paramount importance to endurance performance. Interestingly, the effects of PFM on cardiorespiratory response during aerobic exercise depends on the type of mask and exercise (i.e., walking, running, or cycling), the ventilatory demands, arterial oxygen levels, maximal oxygen consumption and endurance performance. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the effect of protective face mask‐wearing on (1) cardiorespiratory responses during aerobic exercise and (2) endurance performance.
Cross‐talk of cholinergic and β‐adrenergic receptor signalling in chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells
Authors: Aydın Banu , Gören Mehmet Zafer , Kanlı Zehra , Cabadak Hülya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn many studies on breast, skin and intestinal cancers, β‐adrenergic receptor antagonists have been shown to inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis and increase apoptosis in cancers. Carbachol inhibits chronic myeloid leukaemia K562 cell proliferation. Beta‐blockers are known to inhibit cell progression. The aim of this study is to explain the mechanism of action of β‐adrenergic receptors agonists and antagonists on apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. We tried to determine the effect of combined treatment of β‐adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on adrenergic β1 and β2 gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukaemia K562 cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxy‐uridine (BrdU) incorporation kit. Caspase 3, 8, 9 activities were measured by the caspase assay kit. Protein expression level was detected by western blotting. We found that exposure to propranolol either by combination with carbachol facilitates additive effects on inhibition of caspase 3 and 8 expression in chronic myeloid leukaemia K562 cells. However, caspase 9 expression level was increased by propranolol alone or with propranolol and carbachol combination. The combined therapy of cholinergic and adrenergic receptor drugs will decrease cell proliferation in K562 cells. This decrease in cell proliferation may be mediated by the mitochondrial‐dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
A bacterial chemoreceptor that mediates chemotaxis to two different plant hormones
Authors: Rico‐Jiménez Miriam , Roca Amalia , Krell Tino , Matilla Miguel A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryIndole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) is the main naturally occurring auxin and is produced by organisms of all kingdoms of life. In addition to the regulation of plant growth and development, IAA plays an important role in the interaction between plants and growth‐promoting and phytopathogenic bacteria by regulating bacterial gene expression and physiology. We show here that an IAA metabolizing plant‐associated Pseudomonas putida isolate exhibits chemotaxis to IAA that is independent of auxin metabolism. We found that IAA chemotaxis is based on the activity of the PcpI chemoreceptor and heterologous expression of pcpI conferred IAA taxis to different environmental and human pathogenic isolates of the Pseudomonas genus. Using ligand screening, microcalorimetry and quantitative chemotaxis assays, we found that PcpI failed to bind IAA directly, but recognized and mediated chemoattractions to various aromatic compounds, including the phytohormone salicylic acid. The expression of pcpI and its role in the interactions with plants was also investigated. PcpI extends the range of central signal molecules recognized by chemoreceptors. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a bacterial receptor that responds to two different phytohormones. Our study reinforces the multifunctional role of IAA and salicylic acid as intra‐ and inter‐kingdom signal molecules.
Testing antemortem blood samples for ethanol after four to seven years of refrigerated storage
Authors: Kosecki Patrick Allan , Raines Melinda Evonne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe previous studies on ethanol stability in antemortem blood samples stored under various conditions have shown that ethanol concentration decreases with storage. The feasibility of measuring a forensically meaningful blood ethanol concentration in antemortem blood samples stored refrigerated (~4°C) from 4–7 years after the blood draw was evaluated in this research. All blood samples were collected into two 10‐ml gray top Vacutainer® tubes as part of police driving under the influence investigations. In 29 cases, blood in the tube originally analyzed was retested after 5–7 years of refrigerated storage. Blood in 41 cases was analyzed in a previously unopened blood tube from the case after 4–7 years of refrigerated storage. The first analysis of blood in each case occurred within 35 days of the blood draw. Initial blood ethanol concentrations ranged from 0.094 g/dl to 0.301 g/dl. No samples showed an increase in ethanol concentration with storage that exceeded the uncertainty of the initial measurement. All decreases in ethanol concentration were less than 0.020 g/dl. The mean differences in ethanol concentration in previously opened and unopened tubes were −0.014 g/dl and −0.010 g/dl, respectively. The results of this research support that antemortem blood in previously opened and unopened refrigerated blood tubes can be analyzed for ethanol content more than 4 years and as much as 7 years after the blood draw and provide a result consistent with the amount of ethanol loss expected from a test done within 1–3 years of the blood draw.
Qualitative Imputation of Missing Potential Outcomes
Authors: Coppock Alexander , Kaur Dipin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe propose a framework for meta‐analysis of qualitative causal inferences. We integrate qualitative counterfactual inquiry with an approach from the quantitative causal inference literature called extreme value bounds. Qualitative counterfactual analysis uses the observed outcome and auxiliary information to infer what would have happened had the treatment been set to a different level. Imputing missing potential outcomes is hard and when it fails, we can fill them in under best‐ and worst‐case scenarios. We apply our approach to 63 cases that could have experienced transitional truth commissions upon democratization, eight of which did. Prior to any analysis, the extreme value bounds around the average treatment effect on authoritarian resumption are 100 percentage points wide; imputation shrinks the width of these bounds to 51 points. We further demonstrate our method by aggregating specialists' beliefs about causal effects gathered through an expert survey, shrinking the width of the bounds to 44 points.
“Stuck In‐Between”: Placing the Underdocumented Youth Movement in Georgia
Authors: Freshour Carrie , Iniestra Varelas Daniela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper draws on participant‐observation and a series of focus group interviews with TPS and DACA youth in Northeast Georgia to understand youth activism emerging from their positionality of being “stuck in‐between”. “Stuck in‐between” captures the liminal legal status of DACA and TPS, denotes the feeling of “stuckness” in mixed‐status multigenerational families, and foregrounds the profound ways in which place and race intersect with legal, social, and ideological practices of inclusion/exclusion. Underdocumented youth form multiracial coalitions, guided by Black geographies of the region, to challenge imperial borders that criminalise and (re)produce categories of vulnerability. This place in‐between shapes underdocumented youth understanding of the world, informed by, rather than in competition with, Black radical visions of themselves and of the place of the US South.
Preparing the ocular surface for glaucoma filtration surgery: an unmet clinical need
Authors: Agnifili Luca , Sacchi Matteo , Figus Michele , Posarelli Chiara , Lizzio Rosario Alfio Umberto , Nucci Paolo , Mastropasqua Leonardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe mutual relationship among medical therapy, ocular surface (OS) and filtration surgery (FS) represents one of the most crucial issues in glaucoma management. As the long‐term use of intraocular pressure‐lowering medications significantly affect the OS health, patients with an uncontrolled disease frequently undergo glaucoma surgery in less‐than‐ideal conditions. As we known, OS changes strongly affect the post‐operative bleb filtration capability. Therefore, improving the OS conditions before proceeding with FS is needed. Currently, given the rapid diffusion of new surgical procedures, this need is even more perceived. Nevertheless, despite surgeons retain the OS preparation of primary importance, and recognize the OS disease (OSD) as the only modifiable risk factor for filtration failure, there is no agreement on which strategies should be preferred to prepare patients. This is largely due to the lack of validated guidelines, which forces clinicians to adopt personal approaches based on evidence derived from low‐quality studies. In this review, we provided an overview of risk factors involved in the FS failure, with particular attention to those depending on OS changes, and how OSD negatively affects the aqueous humor resorption after surgery. Moreover, we reported the most exploited measures to mitigate the OSD before surgery, the possible reasons underlying the absence of shared approaches, and the upcoming area of intervention to preserve the OS health during glaucoma management. Finally, based on the current evidence, we proposed a pre‐operative outline reporting the main risk factors that should be considered before surgery, and the therapeutical options available to improve the OS.
Altered microfilament dynamics contribute to the formation of diploid metaphase spindles in porcine oocytes which fail to reach the metaphase‐II stage during in vitro maturation
Authors: Somfai Tamás , Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Quang , Kikuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPremature meiotic arrest during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes after germinal vesicle breakdown is associated with microfilament degradation. We aimed to clarify (1) if such arrest occurs at the metaphase‐I (MI) stage or the oocyte progresses to a so‐called diploid metaphase‐II (MII) stage and (2) if microfilament degradation is the cause or result of the meiotic arrest. The number and morphology of chromosomes in oocytes showing premature meiotic arrest at 44 h IVM (38 monovalents) was similar to those cultured in the presence of the actin polymerization‐inhibitor cytochalasin‐B, but different from those of MI‐stage (19 bivalents), and MII‐stage oocytes (19 monovalents) at 33 and 44 h of IVM, respectively. Immunostaining revealed similar frequencies of microfilament degradation in prematurely arrested and cytochalasin‐B‐treated oocytes (58.7% and 57.2%, respectively), which were higher (P < 0.05) than those in MI‐ and MII‐stage oocytes (10.6% and 6.8%, respectively). Induction of MI‐arrest by nocodazole did not affect microfilament morphology. ATP and mRNA levels of microfilament‐related genes in oocytes were similar among all groups. These results suggest that altered microfilament dynamics contribute to the formation of diploid metaphase spindles in oocytes, which fail to reach the MII stage. However, the cause of microfilament degeneration remains unclear.
Clinical trial diversity: An opportunity for improved insight into the determinants of variability in drug response
Authors: Gross Annette S. , Harry Anya C. , Clifton Christine S. , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: January 2022

Although the number of countries participating in pivotal trials submitted to enable drug registration has nearly doubled over the past 25 years, there has not been a substantial increase in the diversity of clinical trial populations. In parallel, our understanding of factors that influence medicine response and variability has continued to evolve. The notion of intrinsic and extrinsic sources of variability has been embedded into different regulatory guidelines, including the recent guideline on the importance of enhancing the diversity of clinical trial populations.In addition to presenting the clinical and scientific reasons for ensuring that clinical trial populations represent the demographics of patient populations, this overview outlines the efforts of regulatory agencies, patient advocacy groups and clinical researchers to attain this goal through strategies to meet representation in recruitment targets and broaden eligibility criteria. Despite these efforts, challenges to participation in clinical trials remain, and certain groups continue to be underrepresented in development programmes. These challenges are amplified when the representativeness of specific groups may vary across countries and regions in a global clinical programme.Whilst enhanced trial diversity is a critical step towards ensuring that results will be representative of patient populations, a concerted effort is required to characterise further the factors influencing interindividual and regional differences in response for global populations. Quantitative clinical pharmacology principles should be applied to allow extrapolation of data across groups or regions as well as provide insight into the effect of patient‐specific characteristics on a medicine's dose rationale and efficacy and safety profiles.
A new case of photoallergic contact dermatitis caused by benzophenones in magazine covers
Authors: Samaran Quentin , Raison‐Peyron Nadia , Clark Evangeline , Svedman Cecilia , Dahlin Jakob , Dereure Olivier , Bruze Magnus , Bourrain Jean Luc 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) to benzophenone present in printing ink have been reported. However, precise chemical analyses and extended photo‐patch tests have not been performed in these cases.ObjectivesTo determine which components present in a magazine cover are responsible for a patient's skin reaction, to determine the primary sensitizer, and precisely diagnose ACD and PACD.MethodsAfter initial photo‐patch tests were performed on a patient with a history of reaction to magazine covers after sun exposure, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography analyses of the magazine covers, and additional photo‐patch tests were performed.ResultsThe first photo‐patch test results confirmed PACD to ketoprofen and fenofibrate and evoked PACD to the magazine covers. 4‐methyl benzophenone (4‐MBP) and 1‐hydroxy‐cyclohexyl‐phenyl‐ketone (1‐HCPK) were found in the magazine cover. Additional photo‐patch tests confirmed PACD to 1‐HCPK and to benzophenone, and photo‐aggravated ACD to 4‐MBP. The primary sensitizer was ketoprofen.ConclusionsBenzophenones are present in a wide variety of products, without always being listed on the packaging. Patients previously sensitized to other ketones, such as ketoprofen, may react to benzophenones without being able to avoid contact with these molecules. New regulations may be needed for more efficient eviction advice.
TLR13 contributes to skeletal muscle atrophy by increasing insulin resistance in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gu Lijie , Wang Zhifang , Zhang Yueyue , Zhu Nan , Li Jiayong , Yang Man , Wang Ling , Rong Shu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesInsulin resistance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stimulates muscle wasting, but the molecular processes behind the resistance are undetermined. However, inflammation in skeletal muscle is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and cachexia. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are known to regulate local innate immune responses, and microarray data have shown that Tlr13 is upregulated in the muscles of mice with CKD, but the relevance is unknown.Materials and MethodsWe performed in vitro experiments in C2C12 myotubes and constructed a CKD murine model using subtotal nephrectomy to conduct experiments in vivo.ResultsTlr13 expression was stimulated in C2C12 myotubes treated with uremic serum. The expression of Tlr13 was also upregulated in the tibialis anterior muscles of mice with CKD. Tlr13 knockdown with siRNAs in skeletal muscle cells decreased insulin resistance despite the inclusion of uremic serum. This led to increased levels of p‐AKT and suppression of protein degradation. Using immunofluorescence staining and coimmunoprecipitation assay, we found that TLR13 recruits IRF3, which activates Irf3 expression, resulting in decreased AKT activity. Moreover, insulin resistance and proteolysis are re‐induced by Irf3 overexpression under Tlr13 deletion.ConclusionsOur results indicate that TLR13 is involved in CKD‐mediated insulin resistance in muscle. In catabolic conditions where insulin signaling is impaired, targeting TLR13 may improve insulin sensitivity and prevent muscle atrophy.
Neuroimaging and neurophysiological diagnosis and prognosis in paediatric disorders of consciousness
Authors: Vitello Marie M. , Szymkowicz Emilie , Laureys Steven , Alnagger Naji , Gosseries Olivia , Thibaut Aurore 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis and prognosis of disorders of consciousness (DOC) such as coma, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, or minimally conscious state are especially challenging in children. In some paediatric patients with severe acquired brain injury, medical comorbidities or developmental factors may obscure the detection of signs of consciousness via clinical assessments, thus leading to misdiagnosis. To circumvent these biases, patients benefit from multimodal assessments that combine behavioural, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological measures. In this review, we provide original data for such diagnostic procedures in children. Neuroimaging is largely underdocumented in children and most neurophysiological research consists of a cohort study design aimed at providing prognostic markers for clinical outcomes. The scarcity of available data on complementary diagnostic approaches in children makes it difficult to establish clear paediatric guidelines. Although there is preliminary evidence for the applicability of paradigms involving event‐related potentials as support for diagnosis in children, more well‐designed studies need to be conducted to promote evidence‐based practices in paediatric DOC.
Impact of timing and precision of histopathological diagnosis on outcomes of patients with Burkitt lymphoma and high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Graef Claus Moritz , Gödel Philipp , Falderbaum Philipp , Balke‐Want Hyatt , Simon Florian , Sieg Noëlle , Naendrup Jan‐Hendrik , Neumann Marie Anne‐Catherine , Gillessen Sarah , Bröckelmann Paul J. , Eichenauer Dennis A. , Borchmann Peter , von Tresckow Bastian , Heger Jan‐Michel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBurkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (B‐NHL) with a generally favorable prognosis after immunochemotherapy. The outcome of BL is superior to DLBCL. In 2016, a distinct group of lymphomas displaying characteristics of both BL and DLBCL (high grade B‐cell lymphoma, HGBL) was introduced into the WHO classification. Histopathological discrimination of BL, DLBCL, and HGBL may be challenging. Data on the frequency of histopathological difficulties resulting in revision of the final diagnosis of BL/DLBCL/HGBL and its impact on the prognosis are limited.MethodsWe assessed histopathological features and clinical outcomes of 66 patients with suspected diagnosis of BL at the reporting institution between 2010 and 2020.ResultsThe median age was 51 years (range 19‐82) and final histopathological diagnosis revealed BL (n = 40), DLBCL (n = 12), or HGBL (n = 14). Patients with DLBCL and HGBL were either treated with DLBCL‐directed (83.3% and 35.7%) or BL‐directed (16.7% and 64.3%) protocols. Patients in whom diagnosis was revised from DLBCL to BL after initiation of DLBCL‐directed treatment had a significantly inferior progression‐free survival (PFS) than patients initially diagnosed with BL (p = 0.045), thus resembling rather the prognosis of DLBCL/HGBL. There was no difference between patients with DLBCL and HGBL, respectively, regarding PFS and OS (p = 0.38 and p = 0.27).ConclusionThese results suggest that timely and precise histopathological diagnosis as well as reference histopathological review of the underlying lymphoma is critical to determine up‐front treatment strategies. Consequently, selection of more aggressive treatment protocols in case of difficulties with discrimination between DLBCL/HGBL/BL may be a reasonable approach.
How Dreaming and Indigenous ancestral stories are central to nature conservation: Perspectives from Walalkara Indigenous Protected Area, Australia
Authors: Robin Langaliki , Robin Kuntjupai , Camerlenghi Ettore , Ireland Luke , Ryan‐Colton Ellen 
Published: January 2022

SummaryNature conservation in both theory and practice is increasingly looking to understand different knowledge systems, including Indigenous worldviews, to achieve complementary conservation and socio‐cultural goals. Here, we share stories from one of the longest running Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs), Walalkara IPA, by Langaliki Robin, daughter of the founders of the IPA, who reflected on her parents’ lessons about how Tjukurpa (Dreaming Law) is essential for conservation. Grounded theory analysis of her interview identified the importance of Tjukurpa and the role of Langaliki’s parents, particularly her father Tjilpi Robin Kankapankatja in the establishment of the IPA. Tjukurpa was asserted as a core cultural knowledge system that provides Indigenous people with motivation, strength and well‐being, allowing them to maintain access to Country and work cross‐culturally. Tjukurpa influenced the initial declaration, roads and physical layout of the protected area and continues to guide the daily work activities of IPA rangers. According to Langaliki, the key to maintaining strong people and Country is to pass on cultural knowledge and Tjukurpa from generation to generation, especially to younger people. This research suggested that by knowing who the key knowledge holders are, respecting that Tjukurpa exists without being privy to the details, and continuing multi‐generational access to Country, conservation programmes that embrace Indigenous ways of knowing and doing can achieve successful outcomes for nature conservation and Indigenous well‐being.