bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Utility of CO2 and Pulse-Dye Lasers Together and Separately in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Burn Scars
Authors: Cooper Laura E. , Nuutila Kristo , Kemp Bohan Philip M. , Diaz Victoria , Batchinsky Maria , Carlsson Anders H. , Cancio Leopoldo C. , Chan Rodney K. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Hypertrophic burn scars (HTBSs) remain a significant source of morbidity. Contemporary treatment has evolved to use CO2 lasers and/or pulse-dye lasers (PDLs) to reduce scar thickness (ST) and erythema. This study seeks to compare treatment efficacy with CO2 or PDL individually and in combination.

Methods
Patients undergoing laser treatments for HTBSs were enrolled. Three 3 × 3 cm squares of HTBSs were randomized to receive treatment with CO2 laser, PDL or CO2 + PDL. Patients underwent 3 treatments, 4 to 6 weeks apart and were followed up over 3 to 6 months. Scar assessments occurred at each visit before treatment and consisted of photographs, ultrasound, colorimetry, and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Score.

Results
Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Twenty completed 2 treatments (80%) and 11 completed all 3 treatments (44%). Median initial ST was 0.3 cm. Median time since injury was 8 months. Hypertrophic burn scars treated with CO2 or PDL showed a significant decrease in Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale score from visit 1 to 3 (P = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). When separated by ST, thick scars (≥0.3 cm) showed a significant decrease in thickness between visit 1 and 2 using all laser modalities (CO2 + PDL, P = 0.01; CO2, P = 0.02; PDL, P = 0.03). Thin scars (<0.3 cm) showed a reduction in thickness by visit 3 after CO2 + PDL or PDL alone (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Separating scars by age, younger scars (<9 months) showed a significant reduction in thickness between visit 1 and 2 for CO2 treatment (P = 0.04), and between visit 2 and 3 for CO2 + PDL treatment (P = 0.04). Hypertrophic burn scars treated with PDL did not demonstrate a significant reduction in thickness until visit 3 (P = 0.002). Older scars (≥9 months) showed a significant reduction in thickness between visit 1 and 2 only after CO2 + PDL (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Hypertrophic burn scars of varying ages, etiologies, and thicknesses were examined in this study with greater degree of early reduction seen in thicker scars using all laser modalities of CO2, PDL or in combination. However, there was no clinically meaningful benefit found with combination as compared with individual treatment. These data support the use of laser to improve HTBS but does not support one modality or combination of modalities over another.
Incidence and Relative Burden of Surgical Site Infections in Children Undergoing Nonemergent Surgery
Authors: He Katherine , Iwaniuk Marie , Goretsky Michael J. , Cina Robert A. , Saito Jacqueline M. , Hall Bruce , Grant Catherine , Cohen Mark E. , Newland Jason , Hall Matthew , Ko Clifford Y. , Rangel Shawn J. 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To establish surgical site infection (SSI) performance benchmarks in pediatric surgery and to develop a prioritization framework for SSI prevention based on procedure-level SSI burden.

Background:
Contemporary epidemiology of SSI rates and event burden in elective pediatric surgery remain poorly characterized.

Methods:
Multicenter analysis using sampled SSI data from 90 hospitals participating in NSQIP-Pediatric and procedural volume data from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Procedure-level incisional and organ space SSI (OSI) rates for 17 elective procedure groups were calculated from NSQIP-Pediatric data and estimates of procedure-level SSI burden were extrapolated using procedural volume data. The relative contribution of each procedure to the cumulative sum of SSI events from all procedures was used as a prioritization framework.

Results:
A total of 11,689 nonemergent procedures were included. The highest incisional SSI rates were associated with gastrostomy closure (4.1%), small bowel procedures (4.0%), and gastrostomy (3.7%), while the highest OSI rates were associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula repair (8.1%), colorectal procedures (1.8%), and small bowel procedures (1.5%). 66.1% of the cumulative incisional SSI burden from all procedures were attributable to 3 procedure groups (gastrostomy: 27.5%, small bowel: 22.9%, colorectal: 15.7%), and 72.8% of all OSI events were similarly attributable to 3 procedure groups (small bowel: 28.5%, colorectal: 26.0%, esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula repair: 18.4%).

Conclusions:
A small number of procedures account for a disproportionate burden of SSIs in pediatric surgery. The results of this analysis can be used as a prioritization framework for refocusing SSI prevention efforts where they are needed most.
Novel pathophysiological insights in autoimmune myasthenia gravis
Authors: Masi Gianvito , O’Connor Kevin C. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
This review summarizes recent insights into the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG). Mechanistic understanding is presented according to MG disease subtypes and by leveraging the knowledge gained through the use of immunomodulating biological therapeutics.

Recent findings
The past two years of research on MG have led to a more accurate definition of the mechanisms through which muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies induce pathology. Novel insights have also emerged from the collection of stronger evidence on the pathogenic capacity of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 autoantibodies. Clinical observations have revealed a new MG phenotype triggered by cancer immunotherapy, but the underlying immunobiology remains undetermined. From a therapeutic perspective, MG patients can now benefit from a wider spectrum of treatment options. Such therapies have uncovered profound differences in clinical responses between and within the acetylcholine receptor and MuSK MG subtypes. Diverse mechanisms of immunopathology between the two subtypes, as well as qualitative nuances in the autoantibody repertoire of each patient, likely underpin the variability in therapeutic outcomes. Although predictive biomarkers of clinical response are lacking, these observations have ignited the development of assays that might assist clinicians in the choice of specific therapeutic strategies.

Summary
Recent advances in the understanding of autoantibody functionalities are bringing neuroimmunologists closer to a more detailed appreciation of the mechanisms that govern MG pathology. Future investigations on the immunological heterogeneity among MG patients will be key to developing effective, individually tailored therapies.
The Treatment of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Chwalisz Bart K. , Levy Michael 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) is an important etiology of neurologic morbidity and specifically, atypical, and relapsing optic neuritis. This review summarizes acute treatment and long-term prevention approaches in MOGAD.

Evidence Acquisition:
PubMed and Google Scholar databases were manually searched and reviewed.

Results:
We review the evidence base for acute treatment of MOGAD with corticosteroids and adjunct therapies, such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and plasma exchange. We discuss the utility of prolonged corticosteroid tapering after the acute attack. We then summarize the commonly used disease-modifying treatments for relapsing MOGAD, including chronic low-dose corticosteroids, classic antirheumatic immune suppressants, biologic agents, and IVIg.

Conclusions:
While acute MOGAD attacks are usually treated with high-dose IV corticosteroids, longer oral corticosteroid tapers may prevent rapid relapse. Multiple long-term treatment strategies are being employed in recurrent MOGAD, with IVIg is emerging as probably the most effective therapy.
Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis From Stool Microbiota using Random Forest Algorithms
Authors: Valls Rebecca A. , Hampton Thomas H. , Price Courtney E. , Barrack Kaitlyn E. , O’Toole George A. , Coker Modupe O. , Madan Juliette C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe gut-lung axis describes the interaction between microbiota in the gut and health status of the airway, whereby there is a bidirectional relationship facilitated by systemic transport of microbially-derived metabolites and immune factors. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that is associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Recent literature has shown that the microbial dysbiosis in the CF gut can alter the hosts’ inflammatory status and that there are distinct microbial compositions in children with CF who have low versus high intestinal inflammation. These distinct microbial profiles can be used as signatures in children with CF (cwCF) to predict health outcomes. Here, we use supervised machine learning to train a random forest model on the distinct microbial composition of cwCF to predict: age (as a validation of the method), frequency of upper respiratory infection (URIfreq), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a clinical marker for systemic inflammation that negatively correlates with lung function. We find that the out of bag error, a measure of model accuracy, is lower when predicting age for cwCF compared to children without CF, consistent with previous data. We are able to predict high URIfreq with only 16% error and high NLR with 27% error. This machine learning pipeline may allow physicians and microbiome researchers to use the stool microbiota of cwCF as a tool for identifying individuals with the more negative airway clinical outcomes from this population, and potentially allow for early intervention.ImportanceChildren with CF (cwCF) often experience chronic respiratory infections, leading to progressive, irreversible lung function decline and significant morbidity and premature mortality. Modulator therapy has revolutionized the treatment of eligible adults with CF. cwCF as young as age 6 are now eligible to receive modulator therapy, although by early childhood many children have already experienced pulmonary exacerbations. Here we show that for cwCF, stool microbiota composition is associated with higher upper respiratory infection frequency and increased systemic inflammation. Our findings may aid in developing diagnostic tools that can allow physicians further understanding of which intestinal microbiota profiles are associated with health outcomes and to identify targets for preventative treatment for cwCF.
Effects of finfish farms on pelagic protist communities in a semi-closed stratified embayment
Authors: Da Silva R.R.P. , White C.A. , Bowman J.P. , Ross D.J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCoastal aquaculture operations for feed additive species results in the release of waste into the surrounding environment, with the potential for adverse environmental change. Ubiquitous pelagic protists are sensitive to environmental changes making them potential sentinels for detecting and monitoring impacts. This study used 18S rRNA high-throughput amplicon sequencing as a molecular tool to study the pelagic protist community, with the aim of evaluating their potential as bioindicators of aquaculture activity in a low-oxygen, highly stratified marine embayment. Sampling occurred at three different depths along a distance gradient from two leases and at three control sites. Our results showed that the diversity and composition of both phytoplankton and other protist communities were more strongly influenced by depth stratification than the aquaculture activity. Nonetheless, differential abundance and machine learning analyses revealed a suite of potential bioindicators for aquaculture activity; this included the phytoplankton taxa Chrysophyceae, Gymnodiniphycidae (Gyrodinium), Cryptomonadales and Ciliophora (Philasterides armatalis, Plagiopylida, and Strombidium). Among the other protists, ciliates were also more abundant in closer proximity to the leases in both surface and bottom samples. Overall, our findings indicated that the use of 18S rRNA sequencing of protist communities is a promising tool for identifying environmental changes from aquaculture in the water column.
Bilallelic germline mutations inMAD1L1induce a novel syndrome of aneuploidy with high tumor susceptibility
Authors: Villarroya-Beltri Carolina , Osorio Ana , Torres-Ruiz Raúl , Gómez-Sánchez David , Trakala Marianna , Sánchez-Belmonte Agustin , Mercadillo Fátima , Pitarch Borja , Hernández-Núñez Almudena , Gómez-Caturla Antonio , Rueda Daniel , Perea José , Rodríguez-Perales Sandra , Malumbres Marcos , Urioste Miguel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAneuploidy is a frequent feature of human tumors. Germline mutations leading to aneuploidy are very rare in humans, and their tumor-promoting properties are mostly unknown at the molecular level. We report here novel germline biallelic mutations inMAD1L1, the gene encoding the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) protein MAD1, in a 36-year-old female with a dozen of neoplasias, including five malignant tumors. Functional studies in peripheral blood cells demonstrated lack of full-length protein and deficient SAC response, resulting in ∼30-40% of aneuploid cells as detected by cytogenetic and single-cell (sc) DNA analysis. scRNA-seq analysis of patient blood cells identified mitochondrial stress accompanied by systemic inflammation with enhanced interferon and NFkB signaling. The inference of chromosomal aberrations from scRNA-seq analysis detected inflammatory signals both in aneuploid and euploid cells, suggesting a non-cell autonomous response to aneuploidy. In addition to random aneuploidies,MAD1L1mutations resulted in specific clonal expansions of γδ T-cells with chromosome 18 gains and enhanced cytotoxic profile, as well as intermediate B-cells with chromosome 12 gains and transcriptomic signatures characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. These data point toMAD1L1mutations as the cause of a new aneuploidy syndrome with systemic inflammation and unprecedented tumor susceptibility.
Orbitofrontal cortex populations are differentially recruited to support actions
Authors: Cazares Christian , Schreiner Drew C. , Valencia Mariela Lopez , Gremel Christina M. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThe ability to use information from one’s prior actions is necessary for decision-making. While Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been hypothesized as key for inferences made using cue and value-related information, whether OFC populations contribute to the use of information from volitional actions to guide behavior is not clear. Here, we used a self-paced lever-press hold down task in which mice infer prior lever press durations to guide subsequent action performance. We show that activity of genetically identified lateral OFC subpopulations differentially instantiate current and prior action information during ongoing action execution. Transient state-dependent lOFC circuit disruptions of specified subpopulations reduced the encoding of ongoing press durations but did not disrupt the use of prior action information to guide future action performance. In contrast, a chronic functional loss of lOFC circuit activity resulted in increased reliance on recently executed lever press durations and impaired contingency reversal, suggesting the recruitment of compensatory mechanisms that resulted in repetitive action control. Our results identify a novel role for lOFC in the integration of action information to guide adaptive behavior.
When does a Lotka-Volterra model represent microbial interactions? Insights from in-vitro nasal bacterial communities
Authors: Dedrick Sandra , Warrier Vaishnavi , Lemon Katherine P. , Momeni Babak 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo alter microbial community composition for therapeutic purposes, an accurate and reliable modeling framework capable of predicting microbial community outcomes is required. Lotka-Volterra (LV) equations have been utilized to describe a breadth of microbial communities, yet, the conditions in which this modeling framework is successful remain unclear. Here, we propose that a set of simple in vitro experiments--growing each member in cell-free filtrates obtained from other members--can be used as a test to decide whether a LV model is appropriate for describing microbial interactions of interest. We show that for LV to be a good candidate, the ratio of growth rate to carrying capacity of each isolate when grown in the cell-free spent medium of other isolates should remain constant. Using an in vitro community of human nasal bacteria as a tractable system, we find that LV can be a good approximation when the environment is low-nutrient (i.e., when growth is limited by the availability of nutrients) and complex (i.e., when multiple resources, rather than a few, determine growth). These findings can help clarify the range of applicability of LV models and reveal when a more complex model may be necessary for predictive modeling of microbial communities.
Activation of the urotensin-II receptor by anti-COVID-19 drug remdesivir induces cardiomyocyte dysfunction
Authors: Ogawa Akiko , Ohira Seiya , Ikuta Tatsuya , Kato Yuri , Yanagida Shota , Ishii Yukina , Kanda Yasunari , Nishida Motohiro , Inoue Asuka , Wei Fan-Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRemdesivir is an antiviral drug used for COVID-19 treatment worldwide. Cardiovascular (CV) side effects have been associated with remdesivir; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we performed a large-scale G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) screening in combination with structural modeling and found that remdesivir is a selective agonist for urotensin-II receptor (UTS2R). Functionally, remdesivir treatment induced prolonged field potential in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cardiomyocytes and reduced contractility in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, both of which mirror the clinical pathology. Importantly, remdesivir-mediated cardiac malfunctions were effectively attenuated by antagonizing UTS2R signaling. Finally, we characterized the effect of 110 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in UTS2R gene reported in genome database and found four missense variants that show gain-of-function effects in the receptor sensitivity to remdesivir. Collectively, our study illuminates a previously unknown mechanism underlying remdesivir-related CV events and that genetic variations of UTS2R gene can be a potential risk factor for CV events during remdesivir treatment, which collectively paves the way for a therapeutic opportunity to prevent such events in the future.One Sentence SummaryRemdesivir‘s activity as a selective agonist of urotensin-II receptor underlies its known cardiotoxicity in anti-viral therapy.
The concerted action of SEPT9 and EPLIN modulates the adhesion and migration of human fibroblasts
Authors: Hecht Matthias , Marrhofer Pia , Johnsson Nils , Gronemeyer Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSeptins are cytoskeletal proteins that participate in cell adhesion, migration and polarity establishment. The septin subunit SEPT9 directly interacts with the single LIM domain of EPLIN, an actin bundling protein. Using a human SEPT9 KO fibroblast cell line we show that cell adhesion and migration are regulated by the interplay between both proteins. The low motility of SEPT9-depleted cells could be partly rescued by increased levels of EPLIN. The normal organization of actin-related filopodia and stress fibers was directly dependent on the expression level of SEPT9 and EPLIN. Increased levels of SEPT9 and EPLIN enhanced the size of focal adhesions in cell protrusions, correlating with a stabilization of actin bundles, whereas decreased levels have the opposite effect. Our work thus establishes the interaction between SEPT9 and Eplin as important link between the septin and the actin cytoskeleton that influences cell adhesion and motility.
Optimal design of space assembly microsatellite structure based on sequential quadratic programming
Authors: Feng Yanbo , Wu Xiande , Chen Weidong , Xie Yaen , Yu Taihang , Hao Yong 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
On-orbit assembly technology is a promising research topic in spaceflight field. For purposes of studying the dynamic performance and reducing weight of an on-orbit assembly satellite structure frame, this paper aims to propose a structural optimization design method based on natural frequency.

Design/methodology/approach
The dynamic stability of the satellite under working condition depends on the mechanical properties of the structure matrix. A global structural optimization model is established, with the objective of mass minimization and the constraints of given natural frequencies and given structure requirements. The structural optimization and improvement design method is proposed using sequential quadratic programming calculation.

Findings
The optimal result of objective function is effectively obtained, and the best combination of structural geometric parameters is configurated. By analyzing the relationship between the structural variables and optimization parameters, the primary and secondary factors to the mass optimization process of the microsatellite satisfying the dynamic performance requirements are obtained, which improves the effectiveness and accuracy of the system optimization design.

Originality/value
This method can coordinate the relation between satellite vibration stability and weight reduction, which provides an effective way for the optimization design of on-orbit assembly microsatellite. It has reference significance for the similar spacecraft framework structure design.
Organizational learning in the context of product development processing: a case study in an automotive company
Authors: Alliprandini Dario Henrique , Scur Gabriela , Vilas Boas Viveiros Lopes Ana Paula , Wakatsuki Mariana Maciel 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study identifies and analyzes practices related to declarative knowledge of organizational learning in the product development process (PDP) that uses the Stage-Gate (SG) system.Design/methodology/approachThe field research was conducted with a qualitative approach through a case study. The study object was a multinational company in the automotive sector that is highly competent in truck chassis design with a PDP based on the SG system.FindingsThe authors identified PDPs associated with the elements of declarative knowledge of organizational learning in intra- and inter-development teams. Rather than merely being a checklist, each gate in the SG system has the potential to become a more effective and robust intra-team learning practice and promote inputs for continuous improvement in the process through its use as a checkpoint of the five elements of declarative knowledge during the development activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study was conducted in a multinational company in the automotive sector, whose business units are divided by competencies. The unit studied is a reference in truck chassis and is located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.Practical implicationsThe research model presented can be used to evaluate how companies exploit their activities and practices to leverage organizational learning in PDP. That is, the model can be used as a diagnostic reference for declarative knowledge in companies that apply the SG system to manage PDP.Originality/valueThe study focuses on a model of PDP analysis, aspects of organizational learning and declarative knowledge, in that the model it assists in the collection, distribution and use of information to the development team members with a view for products with greater innovation potential.