bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views of patients with obesity on person‐centred care: A Q‐methodology study
Authors: Crompvoets Paige I. , Cramm Jane M. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Nieboer Anna P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo better accommodate patients with obesity, the adoption of a person‐centred approach to healthcare seems to be imperative. Eight dimensions are important for person‐centred care (PCC): respect for patients' preferences, physical comfort, the coordination of care, emotional support, access to care, the continuity of care, the provision of information and education, and the involvement of family and friends. The aim of this study was to explore the views of patients with obesity on the relative importance of the dimensions of PCC.MethodsQ methodology was used to study the viewpoints of 21 patients with obesity on PCC. Respondents were asked to rank 31 statements about the eight dimensions of PCC by level of personal significance. Using by‐person factor analysis, distinct viewpoints were identified. Respondents' comments made while ranking were used to verify and refine the interpretation of the viewpoints.ResultsFive distinct viewpoints were identified: (1) ‘someone who listens in an unbiased manner’, (2) ‘everything should run smoothly’, (3) ‘interpersonal communication is key’, (4) ‘I want my independence’, and (5) ‘support for myself and my loved ones’. Viewpoint 1 was supported by the largest number of respondents and explained the most variance in the data, followed by viewpoint 3 and the other viewpoints, respectively.ConclusionOur findings highlight the need for tailored care in obesity treatment and shed light on aspects of care and support that are most important for patients with obesity.Patient ContributionOur sample consisted of patients. Patients were also involved in the development of the statement set through pilot testing.
Índice de capacidad de la seguridad laboral como modelo alternativo a la accidentabilidad
Authors: DEKKER Sidney W. A. , TOOMA Michael 
Published: September 2022

ResumenLas métricas de la seguridad laboral basadas en la accidentabilidad, como la tasa total de frecuencia de accidentes registrables, presentan deficiencias bien documentadas. Un bajo nivel de siniestralidad no exime de responsabilidades jurídicas. La seguridad, entendida como presencia de capacidades para que las cosas salgan bien, concuerda con el concepto jurisprudencial de diligencia debida del empleador. Los autores de este artículo proponen un índice que engloba ambos elementos, midiendo las capacidades de adquirir y mantener conocimientos sobre seguridad, comprender la naturaleza de las operaciones, destinar recursos para la seguridad, responder a los riesgos, demostrar la colaboración y la conformidad, y ofrecer garantías.
The common IL1A single nucleotide polymorphism rs17561 is a hypomorphic mutation that significantly reduces interleukin‐1α release from human blood cells
Authors: Wiggins Kimberley A. , Pyrillou Katerina , Humphry Melanie , Butterworth Adam S. , Clarke Murray CH. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterleukin‐1 alpha (IL‐1α) is a powerful cytokine that drives inflammation and modulates adaptive immunity. Due to these powerful effects, IL‐1α is controlled at multiple levels from transcription to cleavage and release from the cell. Genome‐wide association studies can identify loci that drive important diseases, although often the functional effect of the variant on phenotype remains unknown or small, with most risk variants in non‐coding regions. We find that the common variant rs17561 changes a conserved amino acid in the central region of IL‐1α linking the pro piece to the cytokine domain. Using a recall‐by‐genotype study and whole blood stimulation, we find that minor allele homozygotes release ~50% less IL‐1α than the major allele, with IL‐1β release equivalent. IL‐1α transcript level was identical between groups, implying a post‐transcriptional effect, whilst cleavage of recombinant pro‐IL‐1α by multiple proteases was also equivalent for both forms. Importantly, transfected macrophages also release less minor allele IL‐1α upon inflammasome activation, revealing that reduced secretion is directly caused by the missense amino acid substitution and more minor allele IL‐1α was retained within the cell. Thus, rs17561 represents a very common hypomorphic mutation in IL‐1α. We believe this novel data will be important for determining the potential contribution of IL‐1α to disease and/or physiological processes, for example, by Mendelian randomisation, and may aid patient stratification when considering anti‐IL‐1 therapies.
The role of Co valence in charge transport in the entropy‐stabilized oxide (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O
Authors: Jacobson V. , Huang J. , Titus C.J. , Smaha R.W. , Papac M. , Lee S.J. , Zakutayev A. , Brennecka G.L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany of the studies on the entropy‐stabilized oxide (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O have been heavily application‐based. Previous works have studied effects of cation stoichiometry on the entropy‐driven reaction to form a single phase, but a fundamental exploration of the effects of anion stoichiometry and/or redox chemistry on electrical properties is lacking. Using near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and electrical measurements, we show that oxidizing thin film samples of (Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O affects primarily the valence of Co, leaving the other cations in this high‐entropy system unchanged. This oxidation increases electrical conduction in these thin films, which occurs via small polaron hopping mediated by the Co valence shift from 2+ to a mixed 2+/3+ state. In parallel, we show that bulk samples sintered in an oxygen‐rich atmosphere have a lower activation energy for electrical conduction than those equilibrated in a nitrogen (reducing) atmosphere. Combining feasible defect compensation scenarios with electrical impedance measurements and NEXAFS data, we propose a self‐consistent interpretation of Co redox‐mediated small polaron conduction as the dominant method of charge transfer in this system.
Comparing the clinical significance and antigen specificity of insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 autoantibodies between radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Shimada Akira , Imagawa Akihisa , Abiru Norio , Awata Takuya , Oikawa Yoichi , Osawa Haruhiko , Kawabata Yumiko , Kozawa Junji , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Takahashi Kazuma , Chujo Daisuke , Fukui Tomoyasu , Miura Junnosuke , Yasuda Kazuki , Yasuda Hisafumi , Kajio Hiroshi , Hanafusa Toshiaki , Ikegami Hiroshi ,   the Committee of type 1 diabetes, Japan Diabetes Society
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and antigen specificity of autoantibodies to insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 (IA‐2A) by radioimmunoassay (RIA; IA‐2A‐RIA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; IA‐2A‐ELISA) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsA total of 338 type 1 diabetic patients were enrolled, including 38 fulminant type 1 diabetes, 168 acute‐onset type 1 diabetes and 137 slowly‐progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM). The concordance, correlation of autoantibody titer, and the relationship between IA‐2A and progression to the insulin‐deficient state were examined. Also, competitive assay was used to examine the antigen specificity.ResultsThe prevalence of IA‐2A‐ELISA was 4–5% lower than that of IA‐2A‐RIA in both the acute‐onset type 1 diabetes and SPIDDM, but the diagnostic sensitivities of both subtypes, when measured in combination with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody, were comparable. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes using either the RIA or ELISA methods showed substantial agreement with the exponential correlation of autoantibody titers detected by RIA and ELISA. Among the SPIDDM patients, the fasting C‐peptide for IA‐2A‐positive cases by ELISA, but not the RIA method, was significantly lower than in the negative cases (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IA‐2A‐ELISA proved superior to the RIA method in predicting the progression to insulin deficiency in SPIDDM. Competitive analysis showed that even sera with discrepant results by RIA and ELISA have IA‐2‐specific autoantibodies.ConclusionThese results suggest that IA‐2A‐ELISA is a reliable marker not only for the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, but also for the prediction of future insulin dependency; that is, detection of IA‐2A‐ELISA helps identify a subtype of SPIDDM patients who would likely progress onto insulin‐deficient state.
Large‐scale phylogenetic analysis provides insights into the diversification and evolution of sessilid peritrich ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora)
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Jiang Chuanqi , Gu Siyu , Liu Zhencheng , Xiong Jie , Warren Alan , Miao Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Peritrichia is a speciose and morphologically distinctive assemblage of ciliated protists that was first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek over 340 years ago. In the last two decades, the phylogenetic relationships of this group have been increasingly debated as morphological and molecular analyses have generated contrasting conclusions, mainly owing to limited sampling. In the present study, we performed expanded phylogenetic analyses of 152 sessilid peritrichs collected from 14 different provinces of China and 141 SSU rDNA peritrich sequences from GenBank. The results of the analyses revealed new divergent relationships between and within major clades that challenge the morphological classification of this group including, (1) the recovery of four major phylogenetically divergent clades in the monophyletic order Sessilida, (2) aboral structures such as the stalk and spasmoneme were evolutionary labile, (3) the stalk or/and spasmoneme was lost in each divergent clade indicating that parallel evolution occurred in sessilid peritrichs and (4) the life cycle and habit drive the diversity of aboral structures as well as diversification and evolution in peritrichs.
Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosages and withdrawal time of florfenicol in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) after oral administration via medicated feed
Authors: Rairat Tirawat , Kumphaphat Sunisa , Chuchird Niti , Srisapoome Prapansak , Phansawat Putsucha , Keetanon Arunothai , Liu Yi‐Kai , Chou Chi‐Chung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAsian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an economically important fish in Asian and Australian markets, but few pharmacokinetic (PK) data of antimicrobial drugs in this species is available. The present study investigated the PK behaviour of florfenicol (FF) through medicated feed in Asian seabass cultured at 25°C. The serum and muscle/skin concentrations of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) were determined by the HPLC‐FLD method and analysed by one‐compartmental model. The optimal dosages were determined by pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) approach and the linear regression analysis was used to determine the withdrawal time (WDT). The PK study following a single oral administration of 15 mg/kg FF via medicated feed revealed that the absorption half‐life (t1/2Ka), elimination half‐life (t1/2K), peak concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC), volume of distribution (Vd/F) and clearance (CL/F) were 1.47 h, 8.07 h, 8.61 μg/ml, 146.41 h·μg/ml, 1.19 L/kg and 0.102 L/kg/h, respectively. The muscle/skin concentration‐time profile was similar to that of the serum, suggesting well distribution but only a small fraction of FF was metabolized to FFA. The optimal dosage for a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/ml was calculated as 13.38 mg/kg/day. The appropriate WDT after multiple oral medications with 15 mg/kg FF once daily for 7 days was determined as 8 days. Information obtained from the current study can potentially be applied for the treatment of bacterial diseases in farming Asian seabass.
The diagnostic accuracy of the small fiber neuropathy symptoms inventory questionnaire (SFN‐SIQ) for identifying pure small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Galosi Eleonora , Falco Pietro , Di Pietro Giuseppe , Leone Caterina , Esposito Nicoletta , De Stefano Gianfranco , Di Stefano Giulia , Truini Andrea 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA definite diagnosis of pure small fiber neuropathy (SFN) relies on specific diagnostic testing, such as skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing (QST), and nociceptive evoked potentials, which require considerable resources that may not be widely available. Accordingly, diagnostic tools with easy implementation in non‐specialist centers are warranted to identify patients who require second‐level diagnostic tests. In this study, we aimed to test the accuracy of the Small Fiber Neuropathy Symptoms Inventory Questionnaire (SFN‐SIQ) in diagnosing pure SFN. We enrolled 86 patients with suspected pure SFN. In these patients, we calculated the diagnostic accuracy of the SFN‐SIQ using a combination of clinical examination, QST, and skin biopsy as a reference standard. We found that the SFN‐SIQ showed an excellent ability to discriminate between patients with and without pure SFN, with 86% sensitivity and 70% specificity in the diagnosis of pure SFN. Our study providing the diagnostic yield of the SFN‐SIQ for pure SFN diagnosis suggests that this questionnaire might be used to screen patients with suspected SFN and identify those requiring second‐level diagnostic tests such as QST, skin biopsy, or nociceptive evoked potentials.
Dietary niche partitioning in Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs from Strawberry Bank
Authors: Jamison‐Todd Sarah , Moon Benjamin C. , Rowe Andre J. , Williams Matt , Benton Michael J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractJurassic ichthyosaurs dominated upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems. Many species coexisted alongside each another, and it is uncertain whether they competed for the same array of food or divided dietary resources, each specializing in different kinds of prey. Here, we test whether feeding differences existed between species, applying finite element analysis to ichthyosaurs for the first time. We examine two juvenile ichthyosaur specimens, referred to Hauffiopteryx typicus and Stenopterygius triscissus, from the Strawberry Bank Lagerstätte, a shallow marine environment from the Early Jurassic of southern England (Toarcian, ~183 Ma). Snout and cranial robusticity differ between the species, with S. triscissus having a more robust snout and cranium and specializing in slow biting of hard prey, and H. typicus with its slender snout specializing in fast, but weaker bites on fast‐moving, but soft prey. The two species did not differ in muscle forces, but stress distributions varied in the nasal area, reflecting differences when biting at different points along the tooth row: the more robustly snouted Stenopterygius resisted increases or shifts in stress distribution when the bite point was shifted from the posterior to the mid‐point of the tooth row, but the slender‐snouted Hauffiopteryx showed shifts and increases in stress distributions between these two bite points. The differences in cranial morphology, dentition and inferred stresses between the two species suggest adaptations for dietary niche partitioning.
A study of caregiver support services: Perspectives of family caregivers of persons with intellectual disabilities in Singapore
Authors: Riches Vivienne C. , O'Brien Patricia , Manokara Vimallan , Mueller Arne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost people with intellectual disabilities in Singapore live with family and are supported by family caregivers. Many caregivers lack the awareness, skills and resources needed for their caregiving role. A caregiver support service designed to build the capability of family caregivers serving children and adults with intellectual disabilities was evaluated after 2 years of operation to ascertain the level of caregiver coping and resilience, perceived impact of strategies for emotional support, and satisfaction with a range of support services and gaps in service. Family caregivers were surveyed regarding satisfaction with services received using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ‐8) and feedback from activities and events. Their coping and resilience were measured with the Coping Competence Questionnaire (CCQ). Qualitative data from caregiver interviews and staff focus groups were analysed for key themes that were triangulated and converged with other findings. Satisfaction, better coping and resilience were associated with specific support services. Key themes emerged around several effective supports and areas of unmet needs across the lifespan. Limitations and areas for improvement were identified to meet a broader range of caregivers. Targeted family support services can enhance the well‐being of caregivers supporting people with intellectual disabilities (ID) across the lifespan. The results inform policymakers and support agencies that support of the family, not just the person with ID, is an important factor and needs to be incorporated at the heart of the design and development of any inclusive community living in Singapore.
Biliary protozoa in a dog with acute cholangiohepatitis fed a raw food diet
Authors: Allan Frederik , Blake Damer , Miller Zoe , Church David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 1‐year 11‐month intact female Alaskan Malamute fed a raw food diet was referred to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals for further investigation of hyporexia and increased hepatobiliary enzyme activities. Clinicopathological and imaging findings were consistent with cholangiohepatitis, with coccidial zoites identified on bile cytology. Polymerase chain reaction and amplicon sequencing from the bile identified Hammondia heydorni, a Sarcocytid coccidial protozoa with an obligate 2‐host life cycle. The dog was treated with clindamycin, marbofloxacin, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and S‐adenosylmethionine/silybin with complete clinical and biochemical resolution documented after 6 weeks. Infection with Hammondia spp. should be considered in patients receiving raw food diets in which coccidial zoites are identified in the bile, but the pathogenic potential of this organism is unknown and the possibility of its presence as a commensal cannot be discounted.
Species' attributes predict the relative magnitude of ecological and genetic recovery following mass mortality
Authors: Schiebelhut Lauren M. , Gaylord Brian , Grosberg Richard K. , Jurgens Laura J. , Dawson Michael N 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTheoretically, species' characteristics should allow estimation of dispersal potential and, in turn, explain levels of population genetic differentiation. However, a mismatch between traits and genetic patterns is often reported for marine species, and interpreted as evidence that life‐history traits do not influence dispersal. Here, we couple ecological and genomic methods to test the hypothesis that species with attributes favouring greater dispersal potential—e.g., longer pelagic duration, higher fecundity and larger population size—have greater realized dispersal overall. We used a natural experiment created by a large‐scale and multispecies mortality event which created a “clean slate” on which to study recruitment dynamics, thus simplifying a usually complex problem. We surveyed four species of differing dispersal potential to quantify the abundance and distribution of recruits and to genetically assign these recruits to probable parental sources. Species with higher dispersal potential recolonized a broader extent of the impacted range, did so more quickly and recovered more genetic diversity than species with lower dispersal potential. Moreover, populations of taxa with higher dispersal potential exhibited more immigration (71%–92% of recruits) than taxa with lower dispersal potential (17%–44% of recruits). By linking ecological with genomic perspectives, we demonstrate that a suite of interacting life‐history and demographic attributes do influence species' realized dispersal and genetic neighbourhoods. To better understand species' resilience and recovery in this time of global change, integrative eco‐evolutionary approaches are needed to more rigorously evaluate the effect of dispersal‐linked attributes on realized dispersal and population genetic differentiation.
Organoids as tools for fundamental discovery and translation—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Lutolf Matthias P. , Fu Jianping , Park Sunghee Estelle , Apostolou Athanasia , Chen Shuibing , Song Cheng Jack , Spence Jason R. , Liberali Prisca , Lancaster Madeline , Meier Anna B. , Pek Nicole Min Qian , Wells James M. , Capeling Meghan M. , Uzquiano Ana , Musah Samira , Huch Meritxell , Gouti Mina , Hombrink Pleun , Quadrato Giorgia , Urenda Jean‐Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractComplex three‐dimensional in vitro organ‐like models, or organoids, offer a unique biological tool with distinct advantages over two‐dimensional cell culture systems, which can be too simplistic, and animal models, which can be too complex and may fail to recapitulate human physiology and pathology. Significant progress has been made in driving stem cells to differentiate into different organoid types, though several challenges remain. For example, many organoid models suffer from high heterogeneity, and it can be difficult to fully incorporate the complexity of in vivo tissue and organ development to faithfully reproduce human biology. Successfully addressing such limitations would increase the viability of organoids as models for drug development and preclinical testing. On April 3–6, 2022, experts in organoid development and biology convened at the Keystone Symposium “Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation” to discuss recent advances and insights from this relatively new model system into human development and disease.
Effect of Hip Joint Center on Multi‐body Dynamics and Contact Mechanics of Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe IV Dysplasia
Authors: Gao Yongchang , Chai Wei , An Zhicheng , Chen Xihui , Dong Zhe , Zhang Zhifeng , Jin Zhongmin 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the hip joint forces, Von Mises stress, contact pressure and micro‐motion of hip prosthesis for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) patients under different hip joint centers using musculoskeletal (MSK) multi‐body dynamics and finite element analysis.MethodsBoth MSK multi‐body dynamics model and finite element (FE) model were based on CT data of a young female DDH patient with total hip replacement and were developed to study the biomechanics of the S‐ROM hip prosthesis. The same offset of hip joint center along all six orientations compared with the standard position was set to predict its effects on both MSK multi‐body dynamics and contact mechanics during one gait cycle.ResultsThe hip joint forces in the entire walking gait cycle showed two peak values and clear differences between them under different hip joint centers. The hip joint force increased when the hip joint center moved posteriorly (2101 N) and laterally (1969 N) to the anatomical center (1848 N) at the first peak by 13.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The hip joint force increased sharply when the hip center deviated laterally (2115 N) and anteriorly (2407 N), respectively, from the standard position (1742 N) at the second peak. For the sleeve of the S‐ROM prosthesis, the maximum Von Mises stress and contact pressure of the sleeve increased if the hip joint center deviated from the anatomical center posteriorly at the first peak. However, the Von Mises stresses and contact pressure increased at anterior and lateral orientations, compared to that of the standard position at the second peak. Small changes were observed for the maximum relative sliding distance along most of the orientations at both peaks except in the lateral and medial orientations, in which an increase of 8.6% and a decrease of 13.6% were observed, respectively.ConclusionThe hip joint center obviously influenced the hip joint forces, stress, contact pressure and micro‐motion of the hip implant for this female patient.