bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History dynamics of unified empire in China (770 BC to 476 BC)
Authors: Lu Peng , Li Mengdi , Lu Jiawen , Zhang Zhuo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe laws and regulations in human history can be revealed by computational models. From 221 before Christ (BC) to 1912 Anno Domini (AD), the unification pattern has dominated the main part of Chinese history for 2132 years. Before the emergence of the first unified empire, the Qin Empire in 221 BC, there existed the Eastern Zhou dynasty (770 BC to 221 BC). This long dynasty has two stages, and here we focus on the first stage. This Spring–Autumn stage was from 770 BC (with 148 states) to 476 BC (with 32 states). The whole country (China) is modelled as a multi‐agent system, which contains multiple local states. They behave autonomously under certain action rules (wars and conflicts), which forms the main reason for the annexations and disappearance of most states. Key factors (power, loyalty, bellicosity and alliance) have been considered in our model settings, and simulation outcomes will be monitored and collected. Eventually, an optimal solution is obtained, which well unveils the internal mechanism and statistical features of real big history. Furthermore, counterfactuals are used to explore the non‐linear effects of the key factors, which deepens the authors’ understanding of civilisation evolutions in human history.
Hierarchical control scheme for proportional power sharing and robust operation in multiple virtual synchronization‐based DC/DC converters
Authors: Ji Xiaotong , Ye Chang , Liu Ziwen , Ye Tuoran , Dong Xiaoxiao , Liu Dan , Jiang Kezheng , Cao Kan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVirtual synchronization control can be applied to DC/DC converter for enhanced inertia support by imitating the rotor dynamics of the synchronous generator (SG). However, efficient power sharing and robust operation ability cannot be guaranteed in a multiple parallel‐operated DC/DC converters system. This paper proposes the hierarchical control scheme to achieve higher efficiency and superior anti‐disturbance ability for multiple DC/DC converters with virtual synchronization‐based control. The primary control layer enables proportional power sharing by using improved virtual synchronization control for each DC/DC converter, which aims at eliminating the influence of line parameter mismatch among converters. The secondary control layer deals with DC voltage stability improvement through the extended disturbance‐observer‐based backstepping control with the consideration of external power fluctuation on the whole system. Two control levels are integrated as the hierarchical control architecture to realize different control objectives in different time scales, while only neighbouring communications and DC voltage information are needed among the system. Simulations on PSCAD/EMTDC are conducted and show that the load power is accurately and proportionally shared, while system oscillations are eliminated with the extended disturbance‐observer‐based backstepping control, which validates the advantages of the proposed hierarchical control scheme.
A comprehensive review of video steganalysis
Authors: Bouzegza Mourad , Belatreche Ammar , Bouridane Ahmed , Tounsi Mohamed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSteganography is the art of secret communication and steganalysis is the art of detecting the hidden messages embedded in digital media covers. One of the covers that is gaining interest in the field is video. Presently, the global IP video traffic forms the major part of all consumer Internet traffic. It is also gaining attention in the field of digital forensics and homeland security in which threats of covert communications hold serious consequences. Thus, steganography technicians will prefer video to other types of covers like audio files, still images, or texts. Moreover, video steganography will be of more interest because it provides more concealing capacity. Contrariwise, investigation in video steganalysis methods does not seem to follow the momentum even if law enforcement agencies and governments around the world support and encourage investigation in this field. In this paper, the authors review the most important methods used so far in video steganalysis and sketch the future trends. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the most comprehensive review of video steganalysis produced so far.
Cosmic-ray-induced H2 line emission
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Bialy Shmuel , Bisbas Thomas G. , Padovani Marco , Seifried Daniel , Walch Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

Context. It has been proposed that H2 near-infrared lines may be excited by cosmic rays and thus allow for a determination of the cosmic-ray ionization rate in dense gas. One-dimensional models show that measuring both the H2 gas column density and H2 line intensity enables a constraint on the cosmic-ray ionization rate as well as on the spectral slope of low-energy cosmic-ray protons in the interstellar medium.
Aims. We aim to investigate the impact of certain assumptions regarding the H2 chemical models and interstellar medium density distributions on the emission of cosmic-ray-induced H2 emission lines. This is of particular importance for utilizing observations of these lines with the James Webb Space Telescope to constrain the cosmic-ray ionization rate.
Methods. We compare the predicted emission from cosmic-ray-induced, rovibrationally excited H2 emission lines for different one-and three-dimensional models with varying assumptions regarding the gas chemistry and density distribution.
Results. We find that the model predictions of the H2 line intensities for the (1-0)S(0), (1-0)Q(2), (1-0)O(2), and (1-0)O(4) transitions at 2.22, 2.41, 2.63, and 3.00 μm, respectively, are relatively independent of the astro-chemical model and the gas density distribution when compared against the H2 column density, making them robust tracers of the cosmic-ray ionization rate.
Conclusions. We recommend the use of rovibrational H2 line emission in combination with estimations of the cloud’s H2 column density to constrain the ionization rate and the spectrum of low-energy cosmic rays.
Lebensqualität und erlebte Belastungen von
Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung – erste
Erkenntnisse aus der ZSE-DUO Studie
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Kristensen Kaja , Blömeke Janika , Hebestreit Helge , Wocker Maximilian , Pfister Lisa , Bullinger Monika , Tüscher Oliver , Deckert Jürgen , Graessner Holm , Lapstich Anne-Marie , Zwaan Martina de , Mundlos Christine , Quitmann Julia Hannah 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Zeit bis zu einer korrekten Diagnosestellung einer
Seltenen Erkrankung kann sich über mehrere Jahre erstrecken.
Patient*innen, bei denen der Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung
besteht, haben oft bereits einen langen und belastenden Weg durch das
Gesundheitssystem hinter sich. Bis heute ist wenig über die
Lebensqualität von Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene
Erkrankung bekannt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die gesundheitsbezogene
Lebensqualität sowie die wahrgenommene Stressbelastung von
Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung zu beschreiben
und mit populationsbasierten Referenzwerten zu vergleichen.
Methodik Achtzig Patient*innen mit Verdacht auf eine Seltene
Erkrankung wurden im Rahmen der bundesweiten Interventionsstudie
„ZSE-DUO“ rekrutiert und zu ihrer Lebensqualität und
wahrgenommenen Belastung anhand des SF-8 und des Distress-Thermometers inklusive
Problemliste befragt.
Ergebnisse Die befragten Patient*innen bewerteten alle acht
Dimensionen der Lebensqualität sowie die körperlichen und
psychischen Summenskalen des SF-8 signifikant niedriger als die
Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die wahrgenommene Belastung wurde signifikant
höher bewertet. Zudem gaben über 90% der Stichprobe
einen Wert im klinisch auffälligen Bereich an. Erschöpfung,
Schmerzen, eingeschränkte Mobilität sowie Sorgen und
Ängste wurden am häufigsten als konkrete Probleme genannt, mit
Anteilen jeweils zwischen 73 und 90% der Gesamtstichprobe.
Diskussion Im Vergleich zu deutschen Referenzdaten berichten
Patient*innen mit dem Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung eine massive
Beeinträchtigung ihrer Lebensqualität und eine hohe Belastung,
die besonders durch körperliche und emotionale Probleme gekennzeichnet
ist. Das Fehlen einer Diagnose könnte den hohen Anteil emotionaler
Probleme erklären, da durch diese eine Form der Legitimation des eigenen
Krankheitserlebens entstehen kann.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse unterstreichen die dringende
Notwendigkeit der Forschung zu den psychosozialen Auswirkungen beim
möglichen Vorliegen einer Seltenen Erkrankung.
Eine Theory of Change zur erfolgreichen Implementierung von
Peer-Begleitung für Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen in
Deutschland
Authors: Girit Selina , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S , Hiltensperger Ramona , Wenzel Lisa , Lohner Manfred , Mahlke Candelaria , Nixdorf Rebecca , Puschner Bernd 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Peer-Begleitung beschreibt die Unterstützung von
Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen durch geschulte
Peer-Begleiter/-innen, welche bereits eine psychische Krise
bewältigt haben. Die Implementierung von Peer-Begleitung ist aufgrund
interagierender Faktoren komplex und kann mittels des partizipativen Theory of
Change- Ansatzes gelingen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer
zentrumsübergreifenden Theory of Change zur nachhaltigen Implementierung
von UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung in Deutschland.
Methodik Basierend auf standortspezifischen Theories of Change aus Ulm und
Hamburg, an welchen 47 Teilnehmer/-innen mitwirkten, wurde eine
zentrumsübergreifende Theory of Change konzipiert und in drei
Folgeworkshops mit 12 Teilnehmer/-innen verifiziert. Die
Teilnehmer/-innen wiesen diverse berufliche und
Erfahrungshintergründe auf: Peer-Begleiter/-innen,
Klinikleitung, professionelle Behandler/-innen
(Psychiater/-innen, Psychotherapeut/-innen,
Krankenpfleger/-innen), Forscher/-innen.
Ergebnisse Der erste Pfad der zentrumsübergreifenden Theory of
Change fokussiert die Ausbildung zum/zur Peer-Begleiter/-in,
wogegen der zweite Pfad die Anerkennung und Integration durch psychiatrische
Einrichtungen und Fachkräfte thematisiert. Der dritte Pfad spezifiziert
den Aufbau eines berufsübergreifenden Netzwerkes zur Integration
verschiedener Peer-Begleitungsangebote. Das Herantreten an potentielle
Peer-Klienten/-innen wird im vierten Pfad abgebildet. Der fünfte
Pfad umfasst die Auftragsklärung und Implementierung in weiteren
Einrichtungen durch Kooperationen.
Diskussion Viele der identifizierten Implementierungsschritte wurden in
vergleichbaren Studien validiert. Die unter Einbezug vielfältiger
Perspektiven der zentralen Akteur/-innen entwickelte Theory of Change
ist eine wichtige Grundlage für die nachhaltige Implementierung von
UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung. Weiterhin kann sie als Blaupause für die
Implementierung ähnlicher Interventionen dienen, um die Verbreitung
evidenz-basierter nutzer/-innen-geleiteter und recovery-orientierter
Interventionen voranzubringen.
Schlussfolgerung Theory of Change ist eine akzeptierte und praktikable
Methode, welche für die Implementierung von komplexen Interventionen wie
UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung empfohlen werden kann.
„Es hat so einen etwas bitteren Beigeschmack“ Die
Abschaffung des Antrags- und Gutachterverfahrens aus Sicht von
Psychotherapeut*innen in der ambulanten Versorgung
Authors: Maier Lena , Engesser Deborah , Petermann-Meyer Andrea , Paul Rainer , Reuter Katrin , Singer Susanne 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Die Abschaffung und Ersetzung des
gegenwärtigen Antrags- und Gutachterverfahren wurden 2019 vom
Gesetzgeber beschlossen. Die vorliegende Studie untersuchte, was
Psychotherapeut*innen über dieses Vorhaben denken.
Methoden Niedergelassene Psychotherapeut*innen wurden in
leitfadengestützten Interviews hinsichtlich ihrer Erfahrungen und
Einstellungen zur psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssituation in Deutschland
befragt. Aussagen zum Gutachterverfahren wurden mittels qualitativer
Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Meinungen zum Gutachterverfahren wurden
klassifiziert und mit dem Therapieverfahren sowie dem Altersschwerpunkt
verglichen.
Ergebnisse Von 41 Befragten äußerten sich 27 hinsichtlich
des Gutachterverfahrens. Aus deren Aussagen ergaben sich folgende Themen:
Wertschätzung aber auch Bemängelung der
Qualitätssicherung durch das Gutachterverfahren, Sorge vor einem
künftigen Verlust an wirtschaftlicher und behandlungsbezogener
Sicherheit, Wahrnehmung der Berichtspflicht als Infragestellung der Kompetenz,
Missbilligung der schlechten Vergütung, Zusammenhang zwischen
persönlicher Einstellung zum Gutachterverfahren und Sorgfalt bei der
Berichtanfertigung sowie Kritik an der Intransparenz der Gesetzesinitiative.
Psychodynamische Psychotherapeut*innen wollten das Gutachterverfahren
häufiger beibehalten als Verhaltenstherapeut*innen, Kinder- und
Jugendlichenpsychotherapeut*innen häufiger als Psychologische
Psychotherapeut*innen.
Diskussion Psychotherapeut*innen erleben die Reformierung als
Vorgang mit großem Einfluss auf ihre Behandlungspraxis und
psychotherapeutische Identität. Um sowohl die Akzeptanz als auch die
Qualität künftiger Qualitätssicherungsverfahren zu
verbessern, sollten Psychotherapeut*innen aktiv an deren Entwicklung
teilhaben.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Azlactones by Bifunctional Thioureas with α‑Trifluoromethyl or Methyl Groups
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Marcos , Jiménez Eddy I. , Cantú-Reyes Margarita , Flores-Ramos Miguel , Román-Chavarría Carlos A. , Díaz-Salazar Howard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe asymmetric ring opening of azlactones via dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) is investigated by contrasting thioureas incorporating 1-arylethyl substituents against their more acidic trifluoromethylated analogs. All the catalysts under study outperform Takemoto’s thiourea because of the inclusion of an additional chiral center. However, the difference in yield and selectivity between the fluorinated and non-fluorinated catalysts is minimal. We explain this observation by analysis of calculated transition states. Our findings show that the hydrogen bond (HB) between the NH linked to the 1-arylethyl and the negatively charged oxygen in the benzyloxy ion is the longest in the HB network, whereas the HB between the ammonium group and the same oxygen atom is the shortest. Thus, the substituents and the HB donor ability of this chiral fragment attached to the thiourea are not important in the reaction.
Sleep and Circadian Disturbance in Disorders of Consciousness: Current Methods and the Way towards Clinical Implementation
Authors: Van der Lande Glenn J. M. , Blume Christine , Annen Jitka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe investigation of sleep in disorders of consciousness (DoC) has shown promising diagnostic and prognostic results. However, the methods employed in this field of research are diverse. This leads to confusion in the way forward for both scientific and clinical purposes. We review the literature that has investigated sleep in DoC patients and specifically outline the methodologies used next to the presented results. We highlight what knowledge we currently have and where increased efforts are needed before further clinical implementation. Specifically, the review shows that successful methods may employ a two-stage approach to sleep scoring, where one is the application of loosened standard criteria and the other a more general factor describing closeness of the electroencephalography to a healthy pattern, including a score that describes the extent to which sleep scoring criteria can be applied. This should be performed as part of a multimodal approach that also includes investigations of eye-opening/closure and that of circadian (24-hour) rhythmicity. Taken together, this puts the most promising methodologies in the field together for a comprehensive investigation. Large-scale approaches, incorporating multiple modalities and looking at individual variation, are now needed to advance our understanding of sleep in DoC and its role in diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.
Effect of Dietary Pattern on the Emergence of Permanent Teeth of the Children of Larkana, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Nazeer , Abbasi Sarfraz Ali , Khan Hasham , Baloch Mujeeb ur Rehman , Chohan Arham 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association of eruption of permanent teeth of Sindhi children of Pakistan with the consumption of wheat, rice, meat, and milk.
Methodology A team of two dentists (one male and one female) and two assistants (one male and one female) was trained and calibrated before the study and visited all the 26 selected schools on the prearranged time and date and all the children from kindergarten 1 to class 8 were screened. Children with at least one “just erupted” tooth were taken out of the class for further examination. Number of days of eating meat, rice, vegetable, and milk in a week along with date of birth and some other personnel information was recorded on a questionnaire sheet.
Results One thousand two hundred five cases were collected from 26 schools, located in the city of Larkana and its suburbs. The minimum median value belonged to tooth number 16 and the maximum value was for tooth number 27. Twenty-two out of 28 teeth (79%) showed early eruption who consumed the meat more frequently than lesser time. Twenty-three out of 28 teeth (82%) showed early eruption for the children who consumed the vegetable diet a lesser number of times as compared with more frequent. Nineteen out of 28 teeth (68%) showed delayed eruption for those who consumed the rice a lesser number of times as compared with more frequent. Eighteen out of 28 teeth (64%) showed early eruption for the children who consumed a lesser amount of milk as compared with a greater amount.
Conclusion The study concludes that a protein-rich diet accelerated, while calcium, mineral, and carbohydrate-rich food items delayed the eruption of permanent teeth among the children of Larkana.
Assessment and Mitigation of Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism: Executive Summary of a European and Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus Paper
Authors: Gorog Diana A. , Gue Ying X. , Chao Tze-Fan , Fauchier Laurent , Ferreiro Jose Luis , Huber Kurt , Konstantinidis Stavros V. , Lane Deirdre A. , Marin Francisco , Oldgren Jonas , Potpara Tatjana , Roldan Vanessa , Rubboli Andrea , Sibbing Dirk , Tse Hung-Fat , Vilahur Gemma , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile there is a clear clinical benefit of oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in reducing the risks of thromboembolism, major bleeding events (especially intracranial bleeds) may still occur and be devastating. The decision for initiating and continuing anticoagulation is often based on a careful assessment of both thromboembolism and bleeding risk. The more common and validated bleeding risk factors have been used to formulate bleeding risk stratification scores, but thromboembolism and bleeding risk factors often overlap. Also, many factors that increase bleeding risk are transient and modifiable, such as variable international normalized ratio values, surgical procedures, vascular procedures, or drug–drug and food–drug interactions. Bleeding risk is also not a static “one-off” assessment based on baseline factors but is dynamic, being influenced by aging, incident comorbidities, and drug therapies. In this executive summary of a European and Asia-Pacific Expert Consensus Paper, we comprehensively review the published evidence and propose a consensus on bleeding risk assessments in patients with AF and VTE, with a view to summarizing “best practice” when approaching antithrombotic therapy in these patients. We address the epidemiology and size of the problem of bleeding risk in AF and VTE, and review established bleeding risk factors and summarize definitions of bleeding. Patient values and preferences, balancing the risk of bleeding against thromboembolism, are reviewed, and the prognostic implications of bleeding are discussed. We propose consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist in everyday clinical practice.
Contraceptive Counseling for the Transgender Patient Assigned Female at Birth
Authors: Okano Sérgio Henrique Pires , Pellicciotta Giovanna Giulia Milan , Braga Giordana Campos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough almost 0.7% of the Brazilian population identifies as transgender, there is currently no training for healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive care to these patients, including the discussion of reproductive planning. The use of testosterone promotes amenorrhea in the first months of use; however, this effect does not guarantee contraceptive efficacy, and, consequently, increases the risks of unplanned pregnancy. The present article is an integrative review with the objective of evaluating and organizing the approach of contraceptive counseling for the transgender population who were assigned female at birth. We used the PubMed and Embase databases for our search, as well as international guidelines on care for the transgender population. Of 88 articles, 7 were used to develop the contraceptive counseling model. The model follows the following steps: 1. Addressing the information related to the need for contraception; 2. Evaluation of contraindications to the use of contraceptive methods (hormonal and nonhormonal); and 3. Side effects and possible discomfort associated with the use of contraception. The contraceptive counseling model is composed of 18 questions that address the indications and contraindications to the use of these methods, and a flowchart to assist patients in choosing a method that suits their needs.
Verbal and situational irony
Authors: Belaj Branimir , Tanacković Goran 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Unlike metaphor and metonymy, irony has no “standardized” conceptual tools to rely on for its detection. The detection of irony proceeds entirely on-line; its comprehension does not rest on prior acquisition of conventional figures in the processes of language learning; it rests on our ability to establish, creatively and on-line, a dynamic relationship between our knowledge of language and the relevant information about the communicative situation and its protagonists. The goal of the present study is to shed light on the conceptual underpinnings of on-line interpretation of two main types of irony, verbal and situational, within a communicative context, using the methodological tools of cognitive linguistics, specifically Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) and frame semantics (Fillmore, 1977, 1982, 1985).
Effects of doping concentration and annealing temperatures on the ferroelectric memory properties of yttrium doped HfO2
Authors: Chen Haiyan , Luo Hang , Yuan Xi , Yang Junliang , Zhang Dou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
HfO2 has been widely studied in nonvolatile memories owing to its advantages including wide bandgap, superior ferroelectricity, low power and high density. Herein, yttrium doped hafnium (Y: HfO2) films were fabricated on Si (100) substrate by chemical solution deposition method. Effect of Y contents on the structural and electrical performance of Y: HfO2 ferroelectric films was carefully investigated in the range of 0–10 mol%. Results revealed that Y: HfO2 was crystallized from m-phase to c/o-phase with the increase of Y contents which exhibited a strong dependence on the concentrations of oxygen vacancies. 7 mol% Y: HfO2 achieved the highest remnant polarization of 23.37 μC cm−2 after being annealed at 700 °C for 60 s in O2 atmosphere. Significant domain switching patterns could be written by piezoelectric force microscope indicating the good ferroelectricity in 7 mol% Y: HfO2. Lower and higher annealing temperatures were not beneficial for the improvement of ferroelectricity due to the large leakage current and over-crystallization, respectively. This work would provide useful guidance for HfO2-based films in future memories with great potential.