bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear Behavior of en-42 Ploughshare Blades Hardfaced by Fe-based Alloys in Actual Field Conditions
Authors: Singh Sukhpreet , Chatha Sukhpal Singh , Singh Amandeep 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present work EN-42 ploughshare steel has been hardfaced by three different iron-based hardfacing namely H1, H2, and H3 using the Manual Metal Arc welding technique with an aim to improve the abrasive wear behavior of ploughshare blades. In addition, the influence of the single layer and the double layer of overlaid material has also been investigated. The single-layer hardfacings were designated as H1, H2, and H3, and double-layer hardfacings were designated as HH1, HH2, and HH3. The experiments were performed in sandy loom soil in the actual field. The tractor with a horsepower of 60 HP was used for experimenting, the tractor speed was kept as 3 km/h and the depth of ploughing was kept as approximately 15 cm. Abrasive wear was analyzed from the weight loss of ploughshare blades in actual field trails. From the results it is revealed that bare steel ploughshare experienced significant weight (103g) and length loss (31mm) in actual field trials, indicating low abrasive wear resistance. Hardfaced ploughshare blades exhibited sufficient abrasive wear resistance. H1 hardfacing has provided better protection to the ploughshare steel in actual field trials, which may be attributed to the presence of complex carbides in the microstructure in needle shape. H3 hardfacing composed of iron-based has also shown good wear resistance, however, due to its brittle nature, it got fractured due to the high impact of hard particles in the soil. Further, except for H1 hardfacing, single-layer hardfacings provided better abrasive wear resistance than the double-layer hardfacings to the ploughshare blades. The wear rate index of bare, H1, H2 and H3 hardfaced steel are 1, 1.45, 1.25, and 1.28 respectively in actual field trials.
Mechanistic insights into the deformation and degradation of a 2D MOF
Authors: Machatschek Rainhard , Sahabudeen Hafeesudeen , Zhang Qiang , Liu Yue , Heuchel Matthias 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
2D-Metal organic frameworks (2D-MOFs) materials can be subjected to various modes of mechanical stresses and strains in a wide range of applications, for which their mechanical properties are critical to reach practical implementations. Despite the rapid developments focused on the preparation of ultrathin 2D-MOF materials, very little is known about their mechanical and degradation behavior. Here, we introduce the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique, combined with interfacial rheology, as a novel in situ method for direct determination of the in-plane Young's modulus by simultaneously measuring the 2D shear and compression moduli of a 2D-MOF formed at the air-water interface. Furthermore, it can be used to evaluate mechanistic models describing the degradation kinetics of 2D MOFs. To provide a deeper understanding of the factors that determine the Young’s modulus observed in such a set up, we carried out nanoindentation measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on classical force fields. This protocol allows us to gain mechanistic insights into the impact of structural defects, temperature, tensile and compression stress on the Young’s modulus of 2D MOFs.
Effect of experimental infection of Trypanosoma congolense on the packed cell volume of Dutch belted rabbits and its implication
Authors: Obeta Sylvester Sunday , Ubah Simon Azubuike , Ejiofor Charles Ejike , Agbonu Adikpe Oluwa , Kwinjoh Columbus Philemon , Abah Kenneth Owoicho , Ikpe Alapa Baba , Abayomi Samuel Bankole , Ezinwo Prisca Adaoma , Itodo Joy Iyojo , Akefe Issac Oluwatobi , Uba Charles Amaechi , Mailafia Samuel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Effect of Trypanosoma congolense infection on Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of Dutch belted (does) rabbits was investigated. Sixteen Dutch belted rabbits weighing between 1.6 and 1.8 kg were grouped into two of eight each. Following intraperitoneal inoculation with T. congolense, PCV, total leucocyte count (TLC), rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), body weight (BW) were assessed, as well as the level of parasitaemia. Mean PCV of infected rabbits were 36.0 ± 0.53%, 35.3 ± 0.19%, and 28.0 ± 0.89% while that for uninfected were 40.8 ± 0.11%, 41.8 ± 0.19%, and 41.3 ± 0.08% at days 18, 25 and 58 post inoculation (PI) respectively. Mean TLC of infected group were 5.5 ± 0.08 x109/L, 3.9 ± 0.08 x109/L and 3.4 ± 0.09 x109/L while that for uninfected were 5.9 ± 0.05, 4.2 ± 0.08, and 3.5 ± 0.09 at days 18, 25 and 58 respectively. Mean RT of infected were 38.3 ± 0.070C, 39.2 ± 0.090C and 39 ± 0.100C while that for uninfected were 38.0 ± 0.120C, 38.2 ± 0.110C and 38.8 ± 0.080C at days 18, 25 and 58 PI respectively. Mean HR of infected were 141 ± 0.96/bpm, 143 ± 1.22/bpm and 144 ± 1.13/bpm while that for uninfected were 149 ± 0.59/bpm, 144 ± 0.94/bpm and 149 ± 1.27/bpm at days 18, 25 and 58 respectively. Mean BW of infected were 1.7 ± 0.07kg, 1.5 ± 0.07kg and 1.6 ± 0.06kg while that for uninfected were 1.6 ± 0.07kg, 1.6 ± 0.07kg and 1.80 ± 0.07kg at days 18, 25 and 58 PI respectively. PCV of infected was significantly (P < 0.05) lower as compared to uninfected group at days 18, 25 and 58 of the study. Parasitaemia was detected at 6th day PI and remained high to the end of the study. The study suggest use of haematinics and anti-pyrexia in the disease management for rabbits.
Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 regulates cocaine reward by modulating synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Jang Choon-Gon , Kim Young-Jung , Kim Kyungin , Lee Youyoung , Ko Yong-Hyun , Lee Bo-Ram , Hur Kwang-Hyun , Kim Seon-Kyung , Lee Seok-Yong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (CYFIP2), consisting of the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) regulatory complex, is involved in actin polymerization, contributing to neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Mutating serine-968 to phenylalanine (S968F) in CYFIP2 causes an altered cocaine response in mice; however, the neuronal mechanisms underlying this response remain unknown. We performed cocaine reward-related behavioral tests and examined changes in synaptic protein phenotypes and neuronal morphology in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) using CYFIP2 S968F knock-in mice to investigate the role of CYFIP2 in regulating cocaine reward. Our findings revealed that CYFIP2 S968F attenuated cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference. Moreover, CYFIP2 S968F altered cocaine-associated CYFIP2 signaling, glutamatergic protein expression, and synaptic density following cocaine exposure. To further determine the role of CYFIP2 in NAc neuronal activity and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) projecting to the NAc activity-mediating reward response, we assessed the optogenetic stimulation paradigm. Optogenetic activation of the NAc or mPFC-NAc pathway induced reward-related behaviors, and this effect was reversed by the S968F mutation in CYFIP2. These results suggest that CYFIP2 plays a role in controlling cocaine-mediated neuronal function and synaptic plasticity in the NAc and that CYFIP2 could serve as a target for regulating cocaine reward.
Approximation of Solutions of Split Monotone variational Inclusion Problems and Fixed Point Problems
Authors: Nwawuru Francis O. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Many researchers have incorporated an inertial term and will continue to involve it in iterative algorithms due to the fact that it speeds up the rate of convergence which is desirable in applications. In this paper, we propose a new inertial extrapolation algorithm for solving split monotone variational inclusion problem which turns out to solve fixed point problems in the framework of real Hilbert spaces. Our proposed algorithm which is the generalization of split feasibility problems among many others, does not involve the knowledge of operator norm which is some times difficult in practice. Furthermore, we prove under some mild assumptions that the sequence generated recursively by our algorithm converges strongly to a common solution of split monotone variational inclusion problem and fixed point of k- demicontractive mapping. Finally, we apply our algorithm to solve other related problems, precisely linear inverse problems. Some numerical illustrations are provided to further demostrate the efficiency and competitiveness of our algorithm.
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 47H06 · 47H09 · 47J05 · 47J25
Evaluation of housekeeping genes for normalizing RT-qPCR and analysis of the expression patterns of WRKY1 transcription factor and rhynchophylline biosynthetic-related genes in Uncaria rhynchophylla
Authors: Mu Detian , Shao Yingying , He Jialong , Zhu Lina , Qiu Deyou , Wilson Iain W. , Lu Ying , Tang Qi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Uncaria rhynchophylla（Miq.）Miq.ex Havil, a traditional medicinal herb, is enriched with a number of pharmacological active terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). At present, a comprehensive selection and evaluation of the appropriate housekeeping genes for gene expression analysis, especially transcription factors and key enzyme genes involved in biosynthesis pathway of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla, have not been reported. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the most common method for gene expression level detection with its high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and ease of use. However, this methodology is dependent on the selection of an optimal housekeeping gene for the accurate normalization of RT-qPCR results.
Results: Ten candidate housekeeping genes, that are homologs of genes used in other plant species as common housekeeping genes, were used to evaluate their expression stability under three stress related experimental treatments (methyl jasmonate, ethylene and low temperature), using multiple stability analysis methodologies. The results showed that S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAM) had a higher expression stability than the other candidate housekeeping genes under the experimental conditions tested. Using SAM as a housekeeping gene, 14 genes of key TIA enzymes and a WRKY1 transcription factor had their expression profiles examined in the three experimental stress treatments that are known to affect the accumulation of TIAs in U. rhynchophylla. The expression pattern of WRKY1 was found to be similar that of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) and strictosidine- β-D-glucosidase (SGD).
Conclusions: This research is first to report the stability of housekeeping gene in U. rhynchophylla and as such provides an important foundation for future gene expression analysis in U. rhynchophylla. WRKY1 expression indicated it is potentially capable of coordinating the expression of TDCand SGD, providing a possible means of enhancing alkaloid production in future with synthetic biology.
Tunable Localized Charge Transfer Excitons in a Mixed Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Rahaman Mahfujur , Marino Emanuele , Joly Alan , Song Seunguk , Jiang Zhiqiao , O’Callahan Brian , Rosen Daniel , Jo Kiyoung , Kim Gwangwoo , El-Khoury Patrick , Murray Christopher , Jariwala Deep 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Observation of interlayer, charge-transfer (CT) excitons in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) based on 2D-2D systems has been well investigated. While conceptually interesting, these charge transfer excitons are highly delocalized and spatially localizing them requires twisting layers at very specific angles. This issue of localizing the CT excitons can be overcome via making mixed dimensional vdWHs (MDHs) where one of the components is a spatially quantum confined medium. Here, we demonstrate the formation of CT excitons in a 2D/quasi-2D system comprising MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers and CdSe/CdS based core/shell nanoplates (NPLs). Spectral signatures of CT excitons in our MDHs were resolved locally at the 2D/single-NPL heterointerface using tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) at room temperature. By varying both the 2D material, the shell thickness of the NPLs, and applying out-of-plane electric field, the exciton resonance energy was tuned by up to 120 meV. Our finding is a significant step towards the realization of highly tunable MDHs with novel excitonic properties.
The first registered type 0 spinal muscular atrophy patient in Latvia: call for change in prenatal diagnostic procedures, case report
Authors: Cupane Tina Luize , Diriks Mikus , Taurina Gita , Kornejeva Liene , Gailite Linda , Malniece Ieva , Auzenbaha Madara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
currently, there are only a few published case reports detailing an increased nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in association with a diagnosis of SMA in the foetus. However, an increased NT measurement is a clinically relevant sign as it can be related to genetic syndromes, foetal malformations, disruptions and dysplasias. This case report highlights the prenatal signs and symptoms in relation to type 0 SMA.
Case presentation:
this case report presents the first registered patient in Latvia with type 0 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The index case was a Caucasian male infant from non-consanguineous parents. During the first-trimester ultrasonography of the unborn patient, an increased thickness of the nuchal fold was detected. The mother reported decreased foetal movements during the pregnancy. After the boy was born, his general condition was extremely severe. The clinical signs indicated a suspected neuromuscular disorder. A precise diagnosis – type 0 SMA – was determined 7 days after birth through a newborn pilot-screening for SMA. The condition of the infant deteriorated. He had severe respiratory distress followed by multiple events leading to death.
Conclusions
since there are no treatment options for infants with type 0 SMA at present, it is vital to be able to detect this disease prenatally in order to provide the best possible care for the patient and parents. Employment of extensive panel genetic testing using next-generation sequencing would be beneficial for prenatal diagnosis of type 0 SMA cases. Moreover, sequencing of foetal exomes covering single nucleotide variations and copy number variations (also SMN1) offers a broader diagnostic capacity for pregnancies with unexpected foetal anomalies, thus improving both diagnostic timing and counselling for parents. Early recognition of the disease would give parents time to come to terms with the situation, as well as provide the option of pregnancy termination.
Letter: Drought affected 1976 presidential election results in South Dakota
Authors: McLeman Robert , Heath George , Vollan Charles , Robertson Colin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the staunchly Republican state of South Dakota, a severe drought in the election year of 1976 led to anomalously strong rural voter support for Democratic presidential nominee Jimmy Carter. As growing attention is given by researchers to the effects of disaster response and climate policy on elections, this case is a natural experiment providing evidence that exceptional weather conditions can lead to exceptional election results.
An Advanced Efficient Video Streaming Framework for Vehicular Adhoc Networks Using VANET Streaming Protocol
Authors: Tamizhselvi A , J Liju Anton , Yoganathan P 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is a distinct kind of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) that imparts different services that include the safety of the driver, commercials, and also entertainment. Due to the dynamic topology and other unique characteristics of VANETs, it is onerous to fabricate a paradigm or conclude the different parameters with which the QoE can be calculated. Moreover, the type of data shared between the neighboring vehicle plays an essential role in evaluating the system‘s performance. Furthermore, the current protocols are not suitable for streaming emergency-related content in VANETs. In the proposed protocol, Real-Time VANET Streaming Protocol (RTVSP), no modifications are made to the other layers, the one used for playing back the videos, such as H.264 or the physical wireless standards such as WiFi or Bluetooth. The protocol aims at a proactive approach in order to drastically reduce the packet sizes and avoid the need for an addressing mechanism that acts as an overhead, thereby increasing the transmission speed. Moreover, our protocol also suggests the mechanism to overcome packet losses and improve the quality of experience between the users. Network Visualizer that is explicitly used for simulating wireless network communication, is used to determine the performance of the protocol in multiple scenarios. The users in the network region can set the quality level of the required video segments according to their own preferences for the effective support of video streaming in a wireless network built by a variety of clients. To prevent latency, the server should start streaming in a low resolution when the user requests that it send a packet. These studies show improved results for video streaming system factors including latency, Delay parameter, Loss Parameter, packet miss, and Equal Weight Aggregate. The results of the simulation intimate that RTVSP outperforms the existing video streaming protocols that utilize the same H.264 video system in transmission speed and to provide the latency for the video streaming protocol.
COVID-19, breast cancer care, and social determinants of health: a cross-sectional study to investigate the impact of a pandemic on health care and quality of life
Authors: Myers Charlotte , Bennett Kathleen , Kelly Catherine , Walshe Janice , O’Sullivan Nollaig , Quinn Mary , Weadick Catherine , Cahir Caitriona 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to understand the impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer (BC) services and quality of life (QoL) in women living with and beyond BC in Ireland and whether the impact varied by social determinants of health (SDH).
Methods
The survey study invited women diagnosed with BC in the past five years to complete a questionnaire measuring the impact of COVID-19, disruption to BC services, QoL, SDH, and clinical covariates during a period of COVID-19 restrictions. The association between COVID-19 impact, disruption to BC services, and QoL was assessed using logistic and linear regression respectively with adjustment for SDH and clinical covariates. Interactions between COVID-19 impact and SDH were explored.
Results
30.5% of women reported a high COVID-19 impact, which was associated with younger age, urban living, and employment status. Over half of all women reported disrupted BC services. A high COVID-19 impact was associated with more disruption to BC services and lower QoL scores. Women in post-active treatment and further removed from their diagnosis reported significantly more disruption to BC services. Younger women and women not employed reported significantly lower QoL scores. Additionally, there were significant interactions between health insurance status and COVID-19 impact on both outcomes.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted women with a prior diagnosis of BC in Ireland, and this impact varied by SDH, including age, region, employment status, and health insurance status. Further research is needed to understand the long-term impact of the pandemic on women with BC.
Efficacy analysis of anterior cervical fusion in the treatment of adolescent cervical kyphosis
Authors: Tian Yahao , Yu Kaixu , Li Feng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Surgical treatment remains a challenge for the treatment of adolescent cervical kyphosis, anterior cervical fusion (ACF) can correct kyphosis with small trauma. To study the efficacy and application scope of ACF for the treatment of adolescent cervical kyphosis.
Methods Patients younger than 18 years old who had undergone anterior cervical discectomy/corpectomy and fusion (ACDF/ACCF) for cervical kyphosis from 2013.1 to 2020.12 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score for neck pain and neck disability index (NDI) were recorded at preoperative and the last follow-up. The C2-7 Cobb angle, regional kyphosis angle (RKA), kyphosis index (KI), T1 slope (T1S), and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-7 SVA) were measured at preoperative, 1-week post-traction, 1-week postoperative, and last follow-up. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 software and p < 0.05 refers to a significant difference.
Results A total of 11 patients were included, 6 with idiopathic, 1 with laminectomy, 2 with eosinophilic granuloma(EG), and 2 with trauma. All accepted skull-traction, the cervical kyphosis angle shows significant improvement at post-traction than preoperative. 9 patients accepted anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF), and 2 patients accepted anterior cervical corpectomy decompression and fusion(ACCF). The laminectomy patient occurred distal junctional kyphosis(DJK) at the last follow-up. The VAS score of neck pain and NDI at the last follow-up were smaller than preoperative (p<0.05). The cervical kyphosis angle shows significant improvement at postoperative and the last follow-up than preoperative and post-traction. There is no significant difference in cervical curvature between the postoperative and last follow-up.
Conclusion ACF is suited to mild or moderate adolescent cervical kyphosis or can be corrected to mild or moderated by cervical traction. It is effective for improving clinical symptoms with small trauma. For patients with an intact posterior column, ACF is effective for restoring cervical lordosis. For patients without an intact posterior column, ACF-only is not enough, a combined approach should be considered and fused to the thoracic if necessary.