bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Risk Comparison of Non-cancer Mortality between Lifestyle, Socioeconomic Status, and Radiation among Japanese Nuclear Workers (J-EPISODE)
Authors: Kudo Shin’ichi , Miwa Yoshie , Furuta Hiroshige , Saigusa Shin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate the health effects of low-dose radiation. Most of these investigations have focused on cancer, and fewer studies have examined non-cancer topics than cancer subjects. The purpose of this study is to compare the relative risks of non-cancer mortality from low-dose radiation with lifestyle factors (such as smoking habits) and socioeconomic status (such as years of education). The cohort consisted of 43,692 males who responded to a lifestyle questionnaire survey conducted from 2003 to 2004 among nuclear workers in Japan. Missing questionnaire data were imputed by multiple imputation, each variable was categorized, and the relative risks for the reference group were calculated using Poisson regression. The total number of observed person-years was 300,000, and the mean age and dose were 55.2 y and 24.5 mSv (10-y lagged dose), respectively. For many of the causes of death in this analysis, significantly high risks existed for lifestyle differences, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, frequency of medical examination, breakfast intake, sleep, and BMI, but few for socioeconomic status. Radiation showed no significantly high risks. Taken together, the risk of non-cancer mortality from low-dose radiation is likely smaller than that from lifestyle factors.
The Development of a Comprehensive Physical Function Measure for the Intensive Care Unit Using Rasch Analysis and Item Response Theory
Authors: Peterson Michelle L. , Litwin Bini , Fulk George D. 
Published: September 2022

Objective:
This study serves to create a comprehensive, robust functional measurement tool for use with patients in the intensive care unit.

Design:
Two physical therapists conducted outcome measure research at a large hospital in the Northeast United States using item response theory (IRT) Rasch analysis for individual activity task evaluation, ranking of task difficulty, and removal of duplicate tasks. IRT Rasch analysis included item fit, hierarchy, reliability, dimensionality, differential item functioning (DIF), and probability.

Results:
Fifteen items out of a total of 53 met the requirements for an optimal rating scale. The items were ranked according to difficulty and there was no misfit. The reliability indexes were 5.13, α= 0.96, and 21.52, α= 1.00 for person and item scores respectively confirming scale hierarchy. The Cronbach α (KR-20) person raw score “test” reliability was 0.96, with standard error of measurement 2.72. DIF was deemed nonsignificant, and the probability curves were well delineated and ordered.

Summary:
A robust, reliable, and valid 15-item Comprehensive Physical Function Measure for use in the intensive care unit was developed through Rasch analysis and item response theory.
Mastoid Obliteration Using S53P4 Bioactive Glass in Cholesteatoma Surgery: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience in 173 Adult Patients with Long-Term Magnetic Resonance Imaging Controlled Follow-up
Authors: Kroon Victor J. , Mes Steven W. , Borggreven Pepijn A. , van de Langenberg Rick , Colnot David R. , Quak Jasper J. 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To present the long-term outcomes of mastoid obliteration in cholesteatoma surgery using S53P4 bioactive glass (BAG) in an adult population.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Single-center study.

Patients
All 173 adult patients who underwent primary or revision surgery for cholesteatoma with mastoid obliteration using S53P4 BAG with at least 1 year of follow-up including nonecho planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (non-EP DWI MRI) and/or second-look surgery to evaluate recidivism. Both canal wall up (CWU) and canal wall down (CWD) procedures were included.

Intervention(s)
Patients underwent CWU or CWD mastoidectomy using S53P4 BAG.

Main Outcome and Measures
Cholesteatoma recidivism, postoperative complications, Merchant grade, hearing outcome.

Results
Cholesteatoma recidivism was assessed by MRI in 97% of all cases and second-look surgery look surgery in 3% of cases. After a mean follow-up period of 53 months, cholesteatoma recidivism was seen in 10% of the cases (n = 18). Using the Kaplan-Meier curve to extrapolate, a 5-year recidivism rate of 12% was estimated. Only minor complications occurred, all resolving spontaneously or after minor treatment. Merchant grade of 0 to 1 was achieved 95% of the patients, no persistently wet ears were observed. Closure of the air-bone gap within 20 dB was possible in 32%.

Conclusion
In this long-term (up to 10 yr) follow-up study, we demonstrated the safety of S53P4 BAG. Minimal and only minor postoperative complications were observed. The effectiveness of BAG was indicated by the low rate of recidivism, even when using non-EP DWI MRI, a sensitive and specific noninvasive technique to detect cholesteatoma recidivism.
Patient Preferences for Neoadjuvant Therapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hamad Ahmad , Crossnohere Norah , Ejaz Aslam , Tsung Allan , Pawlik Timothy M. , Sarna Angela , Santry Heena , Wills Celia , Cloyd Jordan M. 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
Physicians are increasingly recommending neoadjuvant therapy (NT) before surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, patient preferences for and opinions regarding NT are poorly understood.

Methods
Survivors and caregivers from a national PDAC patient advocacy organization completed an online survey assessing preferences for NT versus surgery first (SF) and factors influencing their decision making.

Results
Among 54 participants, 74.1% had a personal history of PDAC. While most patients preferred SF for resectable disease, NT was the preferred treatment approach for borderline resectable, locally advanced, and resectable cancers with high carbohydrate antigen 19-9. The most important factor influencing patient decision making regarding NT was its impact on overall survival while the least important was published national guidelines. The most preferred rationale for NT was ability to downstage to surgical resection and early treatment of micrometastatic disease.

Conclusions
Among a national cohort of PDAC survivors and caregivers, the majority preferred SF for resectable PDAC, whereas NT was preferred when the resectability of a tumor was in question. The impact of NT on quantity and quality of life, as well as the likelihood of achieving surgical resection, was most highly valued by participants.
A State Health Department and Health Information Exchange Partnership: An Effective Collaboration for a Data-Driven Response for COVID-19 Contact Tracing in Maryland
Authors: Feldman Katherine A. , Hanks Andrew , Williams Thelonious W. , Blouse Brandon , Babcock Carly , Goode Alexandra , Dowling Steve , Thakuria Ayanjyoti , Teichmann Jeremy , Aljalahma Humoud , Pearlowitz Marcia 
Published: September 2022

Background
Accurate, complete, timely data were essential to effective contact tracing for COVID-19. Maryland Department of Health partnered with Maryland's designated health information exchange, Chesapeake Regional Information System for Our Patients (CRISP), to establish data enhancement processes that provided the foundation for Maryland's successful contact tracing program.

Methods
Hourly, electronic positive COVID-19 test results were routed through CRISP to the contact tracing data platform. The CRISP matched reports against its master patient index to enhance the record with demographic, locating, fatality, vaccination, and hospitalization data. Records were deduplicated and flagged if associated with a congregate setting, select state universities, or recent international travel. χ2 Tests were used to assess if CRISP-added phone numbers resulted in better contact tracing outcomes.

Results
During June 15, 2020, to September 1, 2021, CRISP pushed 531,094 records to the state's contact tracing data platform within an hour of receipt; of those eligible for investigation, 99% had a phone number. The CRISP matched 521,731 (98%) records to their master patient index, allowing for deduplication and enrichment. The CRISP flagged 15,615 cases in congregate settings and 3304 cases as university students; these records were immediately routed for outbreak investigation. Records with an added phone number were significantly more likely to be successfully reached compared with cases with no added phone number (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
The CRISP enhanced COVID-19 electronic laboratory reports with a near-instant impact on public health actions. The partnership and data processing workflows can serve as a blueprint for data modernization in public health agencies across the United States.
Qualitative exploration of family caregivers' perception and experience caring for pediatric patients with cancer
Authors: Akin-Odanye Elizabeth O. , Peate Michelle , Asuzu Chioma C. , Brown Biobele J. , Henry Melissa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background:
Literature on the experience of those caring for children with cancer from low- and middle-income countries is scant. Gaining insight into their experiences may be important to providing appropriate services for this group. This study sought to identify the concerns and explore the experiences of family caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer in Nigeria.

Method:
This qualitative study used semistructured interviews to collect data from 16 consenting family caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Recorded audio data were transcribed and subjected to content analysis.

Results:
Most family caregivers were unaware of pediatric cancer before getting the diagnosis. They experienced anticipatory grief fearing the possibility of their children dying and feeling helpless regarding funding the treatments. In addition, they expressed powerlessness in controlling the illness/treatment outcome and in managing how they were treated by hospital staff. Siblings were said to experience distress from seeing the deteriorating physical changes in their siblings with cancer. Participants reported disruption in usual domestic and socioeconomic activities in the family. They mostly coped through using religious/spiritual coping strategies and accessing some social support from hospital staff and well-wishers. Family caregivers perceived a need for greater government involvement in pediatric cancer care and prevention efforts and seek more cooperation from hospital staff in the care of their children.

Conclusions:
Family caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer experience challenges worthy of psycho-oncologists’ attention. This population might benefit from interventions to manage anticipatory grief and promote assertive communication and problem-solving skills.
Early Developmental Trends in High-Risk Neonates Later Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Carey Helen , Tanner Kelly , Ratliff-Schaub Karen , Baldino Maria , Kelly Nicholas , Andridge Rebecca R. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
We hypothesized that clinical data from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infant developmental follow-up clinic would identify early manifestations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods:
One hundred forty-four infants were identified; 72 later diagnosed with ASD and 72 controls. Retrospective chart review provided data from the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) and the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III), between 8 and 26 months of age.

Results:
Between-group comparisons indicated no significant group difference in TIMP scores; however, Bayley-III scaled scores differed between the groups at 2 administration times. The within-group Bayley-III change scores declined significantly more for the ASD group in cognitive and communication subtests.

Conclusion:
High-risk neonates, due to prematurity or morbidity, later diagnosed with ASD demonstrated statistically significant differences, including a more precipitous drop in Bayley-III scores over time. Early, longitudinal developmental surveillance for neonates at risk of ASD is critical. What this adds to the evidence: Early identification of ASD is critical to optimize developmental outcomes in young children, including infants born prematurely or with neonatal morbidity, who are perceived to have an increased risk for ASD. Despite these findings, minimal research has been conducted to evaluate the utility of commonly administered norm-referenced developmental surveillance instruments to identify possible early signs of ASD in this high-risk population due to prematurity or neonatal morbidity and not familial association. The present study analyzed retrospectively collected clinical data from a NICU developmental follow-up clinic for 144 infants, 72 of which were later diagnosed with ASD and 72 sex- and gestational age-matched controls. Results demonstrated statistically significant poorer Bayley-III outcomes for the ASD group compared with controls at 2 different study time points, including a more precipitous drop in Bayley-III scaled scores over time. This study highlights the importance of early and longitudinal developmental surveillance for high-risk neonates at risk of ASD.
TRAJECTORIES OF COGNITIVE AND MOTOR FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN HISPANIC INDIVIDUALS DURING THE 10 YEARS AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
Authors: Lasprilla Juan Carlos Arango , Watson Jack D. , Merced Kritzia , Mascialino Guido , Lequerica Anthony H. , Perrin Paul B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study examined demographic and injury-related predictors of cognitive and motor functional independence in Hispanics with TBI at years 1, 2, 5, and 10 after hospital discharge.

Design
Hispanic participants (n = 1,360) from the TBI Model Systems Study were included in if they had at least one Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Cognitive and Motor score at any time point (years 1, 2, 5, or 10). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine baseline predictors of FIM Cognitive and Motor trajectories across this time period.

Results
FIM Cognitive trajectories showed a quadratic movement (initial increase followed by a plateau or slight decrease), whereas FIM Motor trajectories showed a cubic movement (initial increase, followed by a plateau, then another increase). Higher FIM Cognitive trajectories were predicted by younger age, shorter length of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA), higher education, and having experienced a non-violent mechanism of injury. Higher FIM Motor trajectories were predicted by younger age, shorter PTA, and a non-violent mechanism of injury.

Conclusions
The baseline predictors of functional trajectories identified may help create tailored, evidence-based rehabilitation interventions along the continuum of recovery during the first 10 years for Hispanics with TBI at-risk for reduced functional outcomes.
Coarse-scale Optoretinography(CoORG) with extended field-of-view for normative characterization
Authors: Jiang Xiaoyun , Liu Teng , Pandiyan Vimal Prabhu , Slezak Emily , Sabesan Ramkumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOptoretinography (ORG) has the potential to be an effective biomarker for light-evoked retinal activity owing to its sensitive, objective, and precise localization of retinal function and dysfunction. Many ORG implementations have used adaptive optics (AO) to localize activity on a cellular scale. However, the use of AO restricts field-of-view (FOV) to the isoplanatic angle, necessitating the montaging of multiple regions-of-interest to cover an extended field. In addition, subjects with lens opacities, increased eye movements and decreased mobility pose challenges for effective AO operation. Here, we developed a coarse-scale ORG (CoORG) system without AO, which accommodates FOVs up to 5.5 deg. in a single acquisition. The system is based on a line-scan spectral domain OCT with volume rates of up to 32 Hz (16,000 B-frames per second). For acquiring ORGs, 5.5 deg. wide OCT volumes were recorded after dark adaptation and two different stimulus bleaches. The stimulus-evoked optical phase change was calculated from the reflections encasing the cone outer segments and its variation was assessed vs. eccentricity in 12 healthy subjects. The general behavior of ΔOPL vs. time mimicked published reports. High trial-to-trial repeatability was observed across subjects and with eccentricity. Comparison of ORG between CoORG and AO-OCT based ORG at 1.5°, 2.5°, and 3.5° eccentricity showed an excellent agreement in the same 2 subjects. The amplitude of the ORG response decreased with increasing eccentricity. The variation of ORG characteristics between subjects and versus eccentricity was well explained by the photon density of the stimulus on the retina and the outer segment length. Overall, the high repeatability and rapid acquisition over an extended field enabled the normative characterization of the cone ORG response in healthy eyes, and provides a promising avenue for translating ORG for widespread clinical application.
Differential gene expression and mitonuclear incompatibilities in fast- and slow-developing inter-population Tigriopus californicus hybrids
Authors: Healy Timothy M. , Burton Ronald S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMitochondrial functions are intimately reliant on proteins and RNAs encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, leading to inter-genomic coevolution within taxa. Hybridization can break apart coevolved mitonuclear genotypes, resulting in decreased mitochondrial performance and reduced fitness. This hybrid breakdown is an important component of outbreeding depression and early-stage reproductive isolation.However, the mechanisms contributing to mitonuclear interactions remain poorly resolved. Here we scored variation in developmental rate (a proxy for fitness) among reciprocal F2 inter-population hybrids of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus, and used RNA sequencing to assess differences in gene expression between fast- and slow-developing hybrids. In total, differences in expression associated with developmental rate were detected for 2,925 genes, whereas only 135 genes were differentially expressed as a result of differences in mitochondrial genotype. Up-regulated expression in fast developers was enriched for genes involved in chitin-based cuticle development, oxidation-reduction processes, hydrogen peroxide catabolic processes and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. In contrast, up-regulation in slow developers was enriched for DNA replication, cell division, DNA damage and DNA repair. Eighty-four nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were differentially expressed between fast- and slow-developing copepods, including twelve subunits of the electron transport system (ETS) which all had higher expression in fast developers than in slow developers. Nine of these genes were subunits of ETS complex I. Our results emphasize the major roles that mitonuclear interactions within the ETS, particularly in complex I, play in hybrid breakdown, and resolve strong candidate genes for involvement in mitonuclear interactions.
Mapping global land sharing-sparing patterns between human and wildlife
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Wang Yihong , Pan Shengkai , Yang Biao , Zhan Xiangjiang , Chang Jiang , Li Junsheng , Dai Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the global patterns of land sharing-sparing between humans and wildlife is essential for pragmatic conservation implementation, yet analytical foundations and indicator-based assessments are still lacking. By integrating distributions of 30,664 terrestrial vertebrates and human pressures, we provide a series of spatial explicit Human-Nature Indices (HNIs) before classifying the global lands into four categories. We found that the Co-occurring (C) regions, where lands are shared by humans and wildlife, are not insignificant (16.91% of global land). For land-sparing, the Diversity-intact (D) and the Anthropic (A) regions account for 45.64% and 1.41% of the land, respectively. The patterns of HNIs, varying considerably among taxonomic groups, are determined mainly by the expansion of human-dominated land use. Land sharing and sparing could work as complementary strategies to support biodiversity and human development toward ambitious and pragmatic 30 by 30 goals. Our results highlight that those regions should adopt different conservation strategies according to their sharing-sparing patterns and distribution of protected areas.
Orientation-locked DNA origami for stable trapping of small proteins in the NEOtrap
Authors: Wen Chenyu , Bertosin Eva , Shi Xin , Dekker Cees , Schmid Sonja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanopores are versatile single-molecule sensors that offer a simple label-free readout with great sensitivity. We recently introduced the Nanopore Electro-Osmotic trap (NEOtrap) which can trap and sense single unmodified proteins for long times. The trapping is achieved by the electro-osmotic flow (EOF) generated from a DNA-origami sphere docked onto the pore, but thermal fluctuations of the origami limited the trapping of small proteins. Here, we use site-specific cholesterol functionalization of the origami sphere to firmly link it to the lipid-coated nanopore. We can lock the origami in either a vertical or horizontal orientation which strongly modulates the EOF. The optimized EOF greatly enhances the trapping capacity, yielding reduced noise, reduced measurement heterogeneity, an increased capture rate, and 100-fold extended observation times. We demonstrate the trapping of a variety of single proteins, including small ones down to a molecular mass of 14 kDa. The cholesterol functionalization significantly expands the application range of the NEOtrap technology.
An Immune Cell Recirculation-Enabled Microfluidic Array to Study Dynamic Immunotherapeutic Activity in Recapitulated Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Chi Chun-Wei , Lao Yeh-Hsing , Ahmed AH Rezwanuddin , He Siyu , Merghoub Taha , Leong Kam W. , Wang Sihong 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatment protocols to enable immune cell mediated treatment of cancer is significantly modulated in the presence of tumor microenvironment (TME) which is a key factor in providing both a physical barrier and immunosuppressive stimuli. Herein, we developed a recirculating, high-throughput microfluidic cell array to capture these crucial players – cytotoxic T cells in circulation, endothelium, and tumor stroma. The system consisted of a three-layered cell array spatially emulating TME, with T cell circulation sustained via fluidic recirculating circuits. This allowed us to study the dynamic TME/circulation system and cancer cell response thereof. The system further revealed that tumor endothelium exhibited a hindrance to T cell infiltration into the breast cancer tumor compartment, which was alleviated when treated with anti-human PD-L1 antibody. The other key stromal component, cancer associated fibroblasts, further attenuated T cell infiltration, and led to reduced apoptosis activity in cancer cells. These results confirm the capability of our tumor-on-a-chip system to recapitulate some key immune cell interactions with the reconstructed TME, along with demon-strating as the feasibility of using this system for high-throughput cancer immunotherapeutic screening.