bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticonvulsant Activity of Methanol Extract of Harungana madagascariensis Leaf on Mice Model of Isoniazid-induced Siezure
Authors: Celestine Ugwu Obiora , Jude Ali Ibeabuchi , Asogwa Felix Keneolisa , Maduabuchi Okonkwo Raymond , Nnamdi Nwafor Samuel 
Published: October 2022

Background: Epilepsy is a neurological illness that affects people of all ages and is characterized by excessive electric activity in the brain. This causes social embarrassment coupled with side effect of orthodox medication; hence, the needs to search for plant with antiepileptic agent.
Aims: This study aimed at investigating the anticonvulsive effects of Methanol extract of Harungana madagascriensis leaves on the isoniazid-induced (300 mg/kg, i.p) seizure in adult mice.
Study Design: This is an original research carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of pharmaceutical Sciences, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria, between Jan and June, 2021.
Methodology: The pulverized leaf of Harungana. madagascariensis was extracted using cold maceration and the phytochemical screening was carried out by the method of Treas and Evans The acute toxicity study was evaluated by the method of Lorke’s and Anticonvulsant study was carried by the method of Webster and Velluci. Data generated was statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA.
Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. Flavonoids, Phenols, and terpenoids appeared in abundant concentration (4264.00 ±360.2,14065.00 ±538.4, 5484.00±30.4). Acute toxicity tests showed no toxicity and mortality at doses up to 5000 mgkg-1. Anticonvulsant study revealed that the extract significantly (p =.05) delayed the onset of clonic seizure in a dose dependent manner and abridge the duration of siezure on the group treated with 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w of extract compared with normal control when induced with isoniazid (300 mg/kg, i.p.).
Conclusion: The results suggest that methanol extract of Harungana. madagascariensis leaves may have anticonvulsant activity, coupled with the presence of active secondary metabolites such as saponins, steriods and flavoniods which has a potentials for the management of epilepsy.
Characterization of a Hepatitis Outbreak in Children, 2021 to 2022
Authors: Alexander Emma C. , Deep Akash 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceAfter a cluster of pediatric cases of hepatitis of unknown etiology were identified in Scotland in March 2022, the World Health Organization published an outbreak alert, and more than 1010 probable cases were reported. Some cases progressed to acute liver failure and required liver transplant. Although many patients had positive results for adenovirus on polymerase chain reaction testing from whole blood samples and/or reported recent COVID-19 infection (with or without seropositivity), the precise pathogenesis remains unclear despite the high potential morbidity of this condition.ObjectiveTo summarize the currently available evidence regarding novel pediatric hepatitis of unknown etiology (or novel hepatitis), encompassing case numbers, testing, management, and outcomes.Evidence ReviewA rapid review of the literature from April 1, 2021, to August 30, 2022, aimed to identify all available published case series and case-control studies of novel hepatitis. The search included PubMed and references and citations of short-listed studies.FindingsA total of 22 available case series and case-control studies describing 1643 cases were identified, with 120 children (7.3%) receiving liver transplants and 24 deaths (1.5%). Outcome reporting and testing for adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 was incomplete. Assessment of disease severity and management was mixed and results regarding testing for adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 were inconsistent for both serological testing and testing of explant or biopsy liver samples. More recent studies suggest a more plausible role for adenovirus and/or adeno-associated virus 2.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review without meta-analysis describes the challenge posed by hepatitis of unknown etiology in terms of investigation and management, with many cases progressing to acute liver failure. The lack of clarity regarding pathogenesis means that these children may be missing the potential for targeted therapies to improve outcomes and avert the need for transplant. Clinicians, immunologists, and epidemiologists must collaborate to investigate the pathogenesis of this novel hepatitis.
Rapidly Photocurable Solid‐State Poly(ionic liquid) Ionogels For Thermally Robust and Flexible Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Poh Wei Church , Eh Alice Lee‐Sie , Wu Wenting , Guo Xiaoyu , Lee Pooi See 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFormation of ionogels through in situ polymerization can effectively improve electrolyte processability; however, the curing process has been slow and oxygen‐sensitive. Considering the low oxygen solubility of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), in situ polymerized ionogels are designed to realize excellent electrolytes. Herein, two in situ polymerized ionogels (PIL A & PIL B) are formulated, and they can be rapidly photocured within a minute. The ionogels are highly transparent, stretchable, and exhibit excellent physicochemical stability, including thermal, electrochemical, and air stability, allowing them to perform in various conditions. Benefitting from these properties, two high‐performance electrochromic devices (ECDs) are assembled, with iron‐centered coordination polymer (FeCP) and tungsten oxide (P‐WO3) electrochromic materials, achieving high color contrast (45.2% and 56.4%), fast response time (1.5/1.9 and 1.7/6.4 s), and excellent cycling endurance (>90% retention over 3000 cycles). Attributed to the thermal robustness of the ionogels, the ECDs can also be operated over a wide temperature range (−20 to 100 °C). With the use of deformable substrates (e.g., ultrathin ITO glass), curved electrochromic eye protector and flexible electrochromic displays are realized, highlighting their potential use in futuristic wearables.
Intelligent Material Data Preparation Mechanism Based on Ensemble Learning for AI‐Based Ceramic Material Analysis
Authors: Imran  , Iqbal Naeem , Kim Do‐Hyeun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch interest in ceramic materials increased due to their extensive environmental, biomedical, and electronic applications. Increased demand for ceramics with specialized experimental conditions and limited resources has resulted in a higher cost for scientific practices and applications. Enormous material data is accumulated from traditional and high‐tech experimentation, but the manual recording process has shown inconsistencies in the analysis results. Recently, application based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has been able to address the issues of traditional scientific experiments in material science. However, no machine learning mechanisms are proposed for sophisticated data preparation and AI‐based discovery application of ceramics. This paper proposed an intelligent material data preparation mechanism based on ensemble learning for AI‐assisted material screening and discovery. The current method can potentially resolve the problems of missing and inconsistent material data. As a case study, a material data preparation platform for ceramic material data pre‐processing is developed. For performance evaluation of the proposed mechanism, machine learning regression models are trained before and after the imputation techniques applied to the data. Performance analysis shows that the ensemble model of deep learning network (DNN) and automated machine learning (autoML) performed better as compared to previously reported imputation approaches.
Outward Movement of Targeting Ligands from a Built‐In Reserve Pool in Nuclease‐Resistant 3D Hierarchical DNA Nanocluster for in Vivo High‐Precision Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Weijun , Gao Yansha , Chen Yaxin , Wang Wenqing , Li Qian , Huang Zhiyi , Zhang Jingjing , Xiang Qi , Wu Zai‐Sheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNanostructures made entirely of DNAs display great potential as chemotherapeutic drug carriers but so far cannot achieve sufficient clinic therapy outcomes due to off‐target toxicity. In this contribution, an aptamer‐embedded hierarchical DNA nanocluster (Apt‐eNC) is constructed as an intelligent carrier for cancer‐targeted drug delivery. Specifically, Apt‐eNC is designed to have a built‐in reserve pool in the interior cavity from which aptamers may move outward to function as needed. When surface aptamers are degraded, ones in reserve pool can move outward to offer the compensation, thereby magically preserving tumor‐targeting performance in vivo. Even if withstanding extensive aptamer depletion, Apt‐eNC displays a 115‐fold enhanced cell targeting compared with traditional counterparts and at least 60‐fold improved tumor accumulation. Moreover, one Apt‐eNC accommodates 5670 chemotherapeutic agents. As such, when systemically administrated into HeLa tumor‐bearing BALB/c nude mouse model, drug‐loaded Apt‐eNC significantly inhibits tumor growth without systemic toxicity, holding great promise for high precision therapy.
A Versatile Biomimic Nanotemplating Fluidic Assay for Multiplex Quantitative Monitoring of Viral Respiratory Infections and Immune Responses in Saliva and Blood
Authors: Siavash Moakhar Roozbeh , del Real Mata Carolina , Jalali Mahsa , Shafique Houda , Sanati Alireza , de Vries Justin , Strauss Julia , AbdElFatah Tamer , Ghasemi Fahimeh , McLean Myles , I. Hosseini Imman , Lu Yao , Yedire Sripadh Guptha , Mahshid Sahar Sadat , Tabatabaiefar Mohammad Amin , Liang Chen , Mahshid Sara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe last pandemic exposed critical gaps in monitoring and mitigating the spread of viral respiratory infections at the point‐of‐need. A cost‐effective multiplexed fluidic device (NFluidEX), as a home‐test kit analogous to a glucometer, that uses saliva and blood for parallel quantitative detection of viral infection and body's immune response in an automated manner within 11 min is proposed. The technology integrates a versatile biomimetic receptor based on molecularly imprinted polymers in a core–shell structure with nano gold electrodes, a multiplexed fluidic‐impedimetric readout, built‐in saliva collection/preparation, and smartphone‐enabled data acquisition and interpretation. NFluidEX is validated with Influenza A H1N1 and SARS‐CoV‐2 (original strain and variants of concern), and achieves low detection limit in saliva and blood for the viral proteins and the anti‐receptor binding domain (RBD) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM), respectively. It is demonstrated that nanoprotrusions of gold electrodes are essential for the fine templating of antibodies and spike proteins during molecular imprinting, and differentiation of IgG and IgM in whole blood. In the clinical setting, NFluidEX achieves 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity by testing 44 COVID‐positive and 25 COVID‐negative saliva and blood samples on par with the real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.001, 95% confidence) and the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.
Ultralight, Elastic, Hybrid Aerogel for Flexible/Wearable Piezoresistive Sensor and Solid–Solid/Gas–Solid Coupled Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Huang Tianci , Long Yong , Dong Zilong , Hua Qilin , Niu Jianan , Dai Xinhuan , Wang Jiangwen , Xiao Junfeng , Zhai Junyi , Hu Weiguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAerogels have been attracting wide attentions in flexible/wearable electronics because of their light weight, excellent flexibility, and electrical conductivity. However, multifunctional aerogel‐based flexible/wearable electronics for human physiological/motion monitoring, and energy harvest/supply for mobile electronics, have been seldom reported yet. In this study, a kind of hybrid aerogel (GO/CNT HA) based on graphene oxide (GO) and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) is prepared which can not only used as piezoresistive sensors for human motion and physiological signal detections, but also as high performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) coupled with both solid–solid and gas–solid contact electrifications (CE). The repeatedly loading–unloading tests with 20 000 cycles exhibit its high and ultrastable piezoresistive sensor performances. Moreover, when the obtained aerogel is used as the electrode of a TENG, high electric output performance is produced due to the synergistic effect of solid–solid, and gas–solid interface CEs (3D electrification: solid–solid interface CE between the two solid electrification layers; gas–solid interface CE between the inner surface of GO/CNT HA and the air filled in the aerogel pores). This kind of aerogel promises good applications for human physiological/motion monitoring and energy harvest/supply in flexible/wearable electronics such as piezoresistive sensors and flexible TENG.
Metasurface‐Assisted Wireless Communication with Physical Level Information Encryption
Authors: Zheng Yilin , Chen Ke , Xu Zhiyuan , Zhang Na , Wang Jian , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of wireless telegraphy in 1897, wireless communication via electromagnetic (EM) signals has become a standard solution to address increasing demand for information transfer in modern society. With the rapid growth of EM wave manipulation technique, programmable metasurface (PM) has emerged as a new type of wireless transmitter by directly modulating digital information without complex microwave components, thus providing an alternative to simplify the conventional wireless communication system. However, the challenges of improving information security and spectrum utilization still exist. Here, a dual‐band metasurface‐assisted wireless communication scheme is introduced to provide additional physical channels for the enhancement of information security. The information is divided into several parts and transmitted through different physical channels to accomplish information encryption, greatly reducing the possibility of eavesdropping. As the proof of concept, a dual‐channel and high‐security wireless communication system based on a 1‐bit PM is established to simultaneously transmit two different parts of a picture to two receivers. Experiments show that the transmitted picture can be successfully retrieved only if the received signals of different receivers are synthetized as predefined. The proposed scheme provides a new route of employing PM in information encryption and spectrum utilization of wireless communication.
Minimally invasive biomarkers in human population biology research, part 2: An introduction to the special issue
Authors: Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the past several decades, biomarkers have become indispensable tools in human biology, allowing researchers to investigate biocultural and evolutionary questions and to generate basic data on health and well‐being. Human biologists are central players in biomarker methods development, pioneering the creation of “field friendly,” minimally invasively collected biomarker approaches, as well as leading the innovative use of biomarkers, most notably to map the complex pathways from social and environmental conditions to altered physiology to health effects. This special issue, Part 2 of a collection focused on minimally invasively collected biomarkers, is comprised of nine papers that jointly contribute to driving the science of biomarker methods development and application. This compilation of papers engages with topics such as biological normalcy, ecoimmunology, and the ethics of working with vulnerable and underserved populations. It also focuses attention on research areas at present not emphasized in human biology such as bone turnover markers as a window onto osteoporosis and osteoarthritis and the use of cancer‐related biomarkers in population screening and epidemiology. Taken together, these papers help draw the roadmap for future biomarker work, emphasizing: (1) the need for systematic and transparent approaches to assay validation, with open access publication; (2) simultaneous measurement of multiple biomarkers and expanded use of instrument platforms that increase the range of physiological, genomics, and omics markers available to researchers; and, (3) increased attention to ethics and researcher responsibilities, encouraging a mindset that recognizes our obligation to provide benefits to individuals and communities and to help redress past abuses.
Catalyst‐free 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of S‐Nucleophiles to para‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Xie Lei , Zang Xuyang , Liu Wanxing , Wu Ping , Wang Zhaoxue , Zhao Chenyi , Gao Zhenzhen , Li Xiaojing , Nie Shaozhen , Wu Lingang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn efficient access to a large array of diarylmethane thioether derivatives is developed through catalyst‐free 1,6‐conjugate addition of 1,4‐dithiane‐2,5‐diols with para‐quinone methides in high to excellent yields. Moreover, this reaction system is also suitable for other sulfur‐based nucleophiles, and the resulting products can be readily converted into other valuable diarylmethane derivatives.
Combination Cancer Treatment: Using Engineered DNAzyme Molecular Machines for Dynamic Inter‐ and Intracellular Regulation
Authors: Qian Ruo‐Can , Zhou Ze‐Rui , Wu Yuting , Yang Zhenglin , Guo Weijie , Li Da‐Wei , Lu Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the promise of combination cancer therapy, it remains challenging to develop targeted strategies that are nontoxic to normal cells. Here we report a combination therapeutic strategy based on engineered DNAzyme molecular machines that can promote cancer apoptosis via dynamic inter‐ and intracellular regulation. To achieve external regulation of T‐cell/cancer cell interactions, we designed a DNAzyme‐based molecular machine with an aptamer and an i‐motif, as the MUC‐1‐selective aptamer allows the specific recognition of cancer cells. The i‐motif is folded under the tumor acidic microenvironment, shortening the intercellular distance. As a result, T‐cells are released by metal ion activated DNAzyme cleavage. To achieve internal regulation of mitochondria, we delivered another DNAzyme‐based molecular machine with mitochondria‐targeted peptides into cancer cells to induce mitochondria aggregation. Our strategy achieved an enhanced killing effect in zinc deficient cancer cells.
Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation by Dynamic Migration of Oxygen Species at the Ir/Nb2O5−x Catalyst/Support Interfaces
Authors: Shi Zhaoping , Li Ji , Jiang Jiadong , Wang Yibo , Wang Xian , Li Yang , Yang Liting , Chu Yuyi , Bai Jingsen , Yang Jiahao , Ni Jing , Wang Ying , Zhang Lijuan , Jiang Zheng , Liu Changpeng , Ge Junjie , Xing Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCatalyst/support interaction plays a vital role in catalysis towards acidic oxygen evolution (OER), and the performance reinforcement is currently interpreted by either strain or electron donation effect. We herein report that these views are insufficient, where the dynamic evolution of the interface under potential bias must be considered. Taking Nb2O5−x supported iridium (Ir/Nb2O5−x) as a model catalyst, we uncovered the dynamic migration of oxygen species between IrOx and Nb2O5−x during OER. Direct spectroscopic evidence combined with theoretical computation suggests these migrations not only regulate the in situ Ir structure towards boosted activity, but also suppress its over‐oxidation via spontaneously delivering excessive oxygen from IrOx to Nb2O5−x. The optimized Ir/Nb2O5−x thus demonstrated exceptional performance in scalable water electrolyzers, i.e., only need 1.839 V to attain 3 A cm−2 (surpassing the DOE 2025 target), and no activity decay during a 2000 h test at 2 A cm−2.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Benzylic C(sp3)−H Functionalizations: Divergent Synthesis of Indole[a]‐ and [b]‐Fused Polycycles**
Authors: Greiner Luca C. , Arichi Norihito , Inuki Shinsuke , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhenyl azides substituted by an (alkylphenyl)ethynyl group facilitate benzylic sp3(C−H) functionalization in the presence of a JohnPhosAu catalyst, resulting in indole‐fused tetra‐ and pentacycles via divergent N‐ or C‐cyclization. The chemoselectivity is influenced depending on the counter‐anion, the electron density of the α‐imino gold(I) carbene, and the alkyl groups stabilizing the benzylic carbocation originating from a 1,5‐hydride shift. An isotopic labeling experiment demonstrates the involvement of an indolylgold(I) species resulting from a tautomerization that is much faster than the deauration. The formation of a benzylic sp3(C−H) functionalization leading to an indole‐fused seven‐membered ring is also demonstrated.
Kazakhstani womenʼs participation in online marketplaces: Benefits and barriers
Authors: Kireyeva Anel A. , Satpayeva Zaira T. , Kenzhegulova Gaukhar K. , Kangalakova Dana M. , Jussibaliyeva Aruzhan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate womenʼs participation in offline and online marketplaces and identify related factors, particularly the digital divide, access to the internet, and the level of information and communications technology (ICT) proficiency. It discusses the empirical methodology of its two approaches: a descriptive analysis of statistical data and a sociological survey. This study employs quantitative analyses. The respondents to this study were women who used marketplaces in Kazakhstan. The model was tested using the data for 295 respondents. The results reveal the COVID‐19 pandemic affected both the number of online purchases and the structure of those purchases: women began ordering more medicines and food, and less equipment and clothing online. The main factors affecting participation in online marketplaces are income level, access to the internet, and the use of ICT. This study tries to reduce the gap in the literature on the benefits and barriers for women by providing empirical evidence about the influence of COVID‐19 on online marketplaces.
A Proton Conducting Cobalt(II) Spin Crossover Complex
Authors: Shao Dong , Yang Jiong , Wei Xiao‐Qin , Shi Le , You Maolin , Yang Xiaodong , Ruan Zhijun , Tian Zhengfang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpin crossover (SCO) complexes have been extensively explored as bistable materials and recently used as molecular modules for the development of new multifunctional molecular magnetic materials. Herein, we present the synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic, and electrical properties of a mononuclear cobalt complex constructed by a halogen‐functionalized terpyridine derivative and organosulfonate. A complete and gradual spin transition with the T1/2=200 K was observed for the Co2+ ions through both the magnetic measurement and dynamic crystallographic experiments. Interestingly, considerable room temperature proton conductivity of 6.9×10−5 S cm−1 under 98% relative humidity was evidenced because of the presence of sulfonate‐assisted hydrogen‐bonded proton hopping pathways. The forgoing results not only provide an unprecedented proton‐conducting cobalt(II) SCO complex but also a promising way for the design and construction of bifunctional SCO molecular conductors via the incorporation of SCO transition and proton conduction.