bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced cortical cerebral blood flow in antipsychotic-free first-episode psychosis and relationship to treatment response
Authors: Selvaggi Pierluigi , Jauhar Sameer , Kotoula Vasileia , Pepper Fiona , Veronese Mattia , Santangelo Barbara , Zelaya Fernando , Turkheimer Federico E. , Mehta Mitul A. , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAltered cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been found in people at risk for psychosis, with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and with chronic schizophrenia (SCZ). Studies using arterial spin labelling (ASL) have shown reduction of cortical CBF and increased subcortical CBF in SCZ. Previous studies have investigated CBF using ASL in FEP, reporting increased CBF in striatum and reduced CBF in frontal cortex. However, as these people were taking antipsychotics, it is unclear whether these changes are related to the disorder or antipsychotic treatment and how they relate to treatment response.MethodsWe examined CBF in FEP free from antipsychotic medication (N = 21), compared to healthy controls (N = 22). Both absolute and relative-to-global CBF were assessed. We also investigated the association between baseline CBF and treatment response in a partially nested follow-up study (N = 14).ResultsThere was significantly lower absolute CBF in frontal cortex (Cohen's d = 0.84, p = 0.009) and no differences in striatum or hippocampus. Whole brain voxel-wise analysis revealed widespread cortical reductions in absolute CBF in large cortical clusters that encompassed occipital, parietal and frontal cortices (Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement (TFCE)-corrected <0.05). No differences were found in relative-to-global CBF in the selected region of interests and in voxel-wise analysis. Relative-to-global frontal CBF was correlated with percentage change in total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale after antipsychotic treatment (r = 0.67, p = 0.008).ConclusionsThese results show lower cortical absolute perfusion in FEP prior to starting antipsychotic treatment and suggest relative-to-global frontal CBF as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging could potentially serve as a biomarker for antipsychotic response.
Hayek’s dream: International investment law and the denigration of politics
Authors: Schneiderman David 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article argues that the operational logic of international investment law, in part, is to tame states by legally requiring that they behave as if they were profit-seeking enterprises. This is suggested by a small set of awards, arising out of contractual disputes, that work a binary between normal contractual behaviour and sovereign acts of public authority behaviour. Non-contractual behaviour is deemed ‘political’ and likely to give rise to liability under investment law strictures. This complements well Hayek’s approach to the rule of law, where, outside of their ‘framework’ functions, states are expected to behave ‘in the same manner as any private person’. In an age of ever-increasing disparity, this renders it more difficult for states and citizens to take up measures that Polanyi associates with the protective counter movements, shielding citizens from the deleterious effects of free markets.
From theories on styles to their transfer in text: Bridging the gap with a hierarchical survey
Authors: Troiano Enrica , Velutharambath Aswathy , Klinger Roman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHumans are naturally endowed with the ability to write in a particular style. They can, for instance, rephrase a formal letter in an informal way, convey a literal message with the use of figures of speech or edit a novel by mimicking the style of some well-known authors. Automating this form of creativity constitutes the goal of style transfer. As a natural language generation task, style transfer aims at rewriting existing texts, and specifically, it creates paraphrases that exhibit some desired stylistic attributes. From a practical perspective, it envisions beneficial applications, like chatbots that modulate their communicative style to appear empathetic, or systems that automatically simplify technical articles for a non-expert audience.Several style-aware paraphrasing methods have attempted to tackle style transfer. A handful of surveys give a methodological overview of the field, but they do not support researchers to focus on specific styles. With this paper, we aim at providing a comprehensive discussion of the styles that have received attention in the transfer task. We organize them in a hierarchy, highlighting the challenges for the definition of each of them and pointing out gaps in the current research landscape. The hierarchy comprises two main groups. One encompasses styles that people modulate arbitrarily, along the lines of registers and genres. The other group corresponds to unintentionally expressed styles, due to an author’s personal characteristics. Hence, our review shows how these groups relate to one another and where specific styles, including some that have not yet been explored, belong in the hierarchy. Moreover, we summarize the methods employed for different stylistic families, hinting researchers towards those that would be the most fitting for future research.
Perceptions of the meaning of life among Korean patients with advanced cancer: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Koh Su-Jin , Kang Kyung-Ah , Kim Hyeyeong , Cheon Jaekyung , Im Hyeon-Su , Lee Jae-Hon , Ock Minsu , Cho Juhee , Lee Eun-Hye 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore perceptions of the meaning of life among Korean patients living with advanced cancer.MethodThe study employed a mixed-methods design, and 16 participants were included in the analysis. Qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Quantitative survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman's ρ correlation.ResultsParticipants experienced both the existence of meaning and the will to find meaning in terms of four categories: “interpersonal relationships based on attachment and cohesion” (three themes — family as the core meaning of one's life, supportive and dependent interconnectedness with significant others, and existential responsibility embedded in familism), “therapeutic relationships based on trust” (one theme — communication and trust between the patient and medical staff), “optimism” (two themes — positivity embodied through past experiences and a positive attitude toward the current situation), and “a sense of purpose with advanced cancer” (two themes — the will to survive and expectations for the near future). The meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ) and the purpose in life scale (PIL) showed a significant positive correlation tendency with the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being scale (FACIT-Sp). The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) showed significant negative correlation tendency with both the MLQ-presence of meaning (MLQ-PM) and PIL-Initiative (PIL-I) questionnaires.Significance of resultsFinding meaning in life helps advanced cancer patients realize their will to live. It also acts as a coping mechanism that palliates negative experiences in the fight against the disease. In particular, among advanced cancer patients in the Korean culture, the dynamics of relationships with family and medical staff was a key axis that instilled optimism and will to live. These results suggest that considering the meaning of life in advanced cancer patients by reflecting Korean culture in the treatment process improves the quality of care.
Depressive symptoms and suicidality by menopausal stages among middle-aged Korean women
Authors: An Se Young , Kim Yejin , Kwon Ria , Lim Ga-young , Choi Hye Rin , Namgoung Sunju , Jeon Sang Won , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
There has been increasing evidence of hormonal changes during reproductive events that lead to mood changes. However, studies on the severity of psychological problems according to the menopausal stage are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between menopausal stages, depression and suicidality.

Methods
A total of 45 177 women who underwent regular health check-ups between 2015 and 2018 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were included. Participants were stratified into four groups (pre-menopause, early transition, late transition and post-menopause) based on the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop Criteria. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CESD) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms, and the degree of depressive symptoms was classified as moderate (CESD score 16–24) or severe (CESD score ⩾ 25). To measure suicide risk, we administered questionnaires related to suicidal ideation.

Results
Overall, the prevalence of CESD scores of 16–24 and ⩾ 25 was 7.6 and 2.8%, respectively. Menopausal stages were positively associated with depressive symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. Multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs, 95% confidence intervals) for CESD scores of 16–24 comparing the stages of the early menopausal transition (MT), late MT and post-menopause to pre-menopause was 1.28 (1.16–1.42), 1.21 (1.05–1.38) and 1.58 (1.36–1.84), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted PRs for CESD scores ⩾ 25 comparing the stages of the early MT, late MT and post-menopause to pre-menopause were 1.31 (1.11–1.55), 1.39 (1.12–1.72), 1.86 (1.47–2.37), respectively. In addition, the multivariable-adjusted PRs for suicidal ideation comparing the early MT, late MT and post-menopause stages to the pre-menopause stage were 1.24 (1.12–1.38), 1.07 (0.93–1.24) and 1.46 (1.25–1.70) (p for trend <0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation increases with advancing menopausal stage, even pre-menopause.
Phanerozoic Record of Northern Ellesmere Island, Canadian High Arctic, Resolved Through 40Ar/39Ar and (U‐Th)/He Geochronology
Authors: Powell Jeremy W. , Schneider David A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe northern margin of Ellesmere Island, Canada, has experienced a complex geological history throughout the Phanerozoic, including multiple episodes of orogenesis and first‐order depositional cycles related to Circum‐Arctic evolution. Whereas previous studies have documented the structural and stratigraphic record of these events, supporting geochronological data are sparse. To constrain the age of these tectonic episodes, we apply 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and (U‐Th)/He low‐temperature thermochronology methods to polydeformed fault zones that bisect the Pearya terrane and Franklinian Basin of northern Ellesmere Island. Multiple single crystal 40Ar/39Ar dating of micas resulted in sample‐dependent date dispersion, with some samples exhibiting robust Paleozoic ages corresponding to the assembly and accretion of the Pearya terrane. Other samples yielded intra‐sample date dispersion that spanned the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic, suggestive of a previously unreported post‐Ellesmerian and pre‐Eurekan history. Zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He dates are largely Eocene in age, with dominant populations of c. 48 and c. 41 Ma, respectively. Inverse thermal history modeling of (U‐Th)/He data indicates episodic Mesozoic burial and unroofing coinciding with changes in the regional stress regime, and rapid cooling during nascent (>53 Ma) and initial (53–47 Ma) phases of Eurekan deformation. When integrated, our data provide temporal constraints on the timing of deformation, structural reactivation, and the Phanerozoic burial and erosive history of northern Ellesmere Island.
Future Changes of the Eddy Moisture Convergence in Winter Over Coastal Lands in Eastern North America and East Asia
Authors: Liang Wengui , Zhang Minghua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that increasing moisture convergence by transient eddies will cause winter precipitation increase in the future over the coastal lands in Eastern North America (ENA) and East Asia (EA). Using moisture budget and composite analyses, we investigate the physical processes responsible for the change of eddy moisture convergence and compare them between the two regions. We find that in addition to the “wet get wetter and dry get drier” (“WWDD”) thermodynamic effect, changes in eddy moisture advection cause enhanced eddy moisture convergence north of 30°N and divergence to the south, with magnitudes comparable to the “WWDD” effect in these regions. The north‐south dipole pattern is reflected in the precipitation change of drying over the southern coastal lands in the future climate. It is caused by enhanced downgradient eddy moisture transport in the north and upgradient eddy moisture transport in the south, which is explained by the locations of the maximum magnitude of eddy relative humidity in conjunction with increase of mean saturation specific humidity. The eddy dynamic intensities associated with extreme precipitation events are found to increase in the future, contributing to the increase of eddy moisture convergence, but it plays a secondary role. The strong similarities of the underlying processes of eddy moisture change between ENA and EA suggest robust response of the spatially varying role of eddies in impacting future change of regional precipitation in ENA and EA.
KLHL3 deficiency in mice ameliorates obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating energy expenditure
Authors: Jang Ju-hong , Lee Jeong Woong , Cho Min Ji , Hwang Byungtae , Kwon Min-Gi , Kim Dong-Hwan , Lee Nam-Kyung , Lee Jangwook , Park Young-Jun , Yang Yong Ryoul , Kim Jinchul , Kim Yong-Hoon , An Tae Hyeon , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Bae Kwang-Hee , Park Jong-Gil , Min Jeong-Ki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObesity is a growing global epidemic that can cause serious adverse health consequences, including insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity development can be attributed to energy imbalance and metabolic inflexibility. Here, we demonstrated that lack of Kelch-like protein 3 (KLHL3) mitigated the development of obesity, IR, and NAFLD by increasing energy expenditure. KLHL3 mutations in humans cause Gordon’s hypertension syndrome; however, the role of KLHL3 in obesity was previously unknown. We examined differences in obesity-related parameters between control and Klhl3−/− mice. A significant decrease in body weight concomitant with fat mass loss and improved IR and NAFLD were observed in Klhl3−/− mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet and aged. KLHL3 deficiency inhibited obesity, IR, and NAFLD by increasing energy expenditure with augmentation of O2 consumption and CO2 production. Delivering dominant-negative (DN) Klhl3 using adeno-associated virus into mice, thereby dominantly expressing DN-KLHL3 in the liver, ameliorated diet-induced obesity, IR, and NAFLD. Finally, adenoviral overexpression of DN-KLHL3, but not wild-type KLHL3, in hepatocytes revealed an energetic phenotype with an increase in the oxygen consumption rate. The present findings demonstrate a novel function of KLHL3 mutation in extrarenal tissues, such as the liver, and may provide a therapeutic target against obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Sex-specific genetic association between psychiatric disorders and cognition, behavior and brain imaging in children and adults
Authors: Gui Yuanyuan , Zhou Xiaocheng , Wang Zixin , Zhang Yiliang , Wang Zhaobin , Zhou Geyu , Zhao Yize , Liu Manhua , Lu Hui , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough there are pronounced sex differences for psychiatric disorders, relatively little has been published on the heterogeneity of sex-specific genetic effects for these traits until very recently for adults. Much less is known about children because most psychiatric disorders will not manifest until later in life and existing studies for children on psychiatric traits such as cognitive functions are underpowered. We used results from publicly available genome-wide association studies for six psychiatric disorders and individual-level data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and the UK Biobank (UKB) study to evaluate the associations between the predicted polygenic risk scores (PRS) of these six disorders and observed cognitive functions, behavioral and brain imaging traits. We further investigated the mediation effects of the brain structure and function, which showed heterogeneity between males and females on the correlation between genetic risk of schizophrenia and fluid intelligence. There was significant heterogeneity in genetic associations between the cognitive traits and psychiatric disorders between sexes. Specifically, the PRSs of schizophrenia of boys showed stronger correlation with eight of the ten cognitive functions in the ABCD data set; whereas the PRSs of autism of females showed a stronger correlation with fluid intelligence in the UKB data set. Besides cognitive traits, we also found significant sexual heterogeneity in genetic associations between psychiatric disorders and behavior and brain imaging. These results demonstrate the underlying early etiology of psychiatric disease and reveal a shared and unique genetic basis between the disorders and cognition traits involved in brain functions between the sexes.
SerpinE1 drives a cell-autonomous pathogenic signaling in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Catarinella Giorgia , Nicoletti Chiara , Bracaglia Andrea , Procopio Paola , Salvatori Illari , Taggi Marilena , Valle Cristiana , Ferri Alberto , Canipari Rita , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Latella Lucia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, fatal disease caused by Lamin A mutation, leading to altered nuclear architecture, loss of peripheral heterochromatin and deregulated gene expression. HGPS patients eventually die by coronary artery disease and cardiovascular alterations. Yet, how deregulated transcriptional networks at the cellular level impact on the systemic disease phenotype is currently unclear. A genome-wide analysis of gene expression in cultures of primary HGPS fibroblasts identified SerpinE1, also known as Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1), as central gene that propels a cell-autonomous pathogenic signaling from the altered nuclear lamina. Indeed, siRNA-mediated downregulation and pharmacological inhibition of SerpinE1 by TM5441 could revert key pathological features of HGPS in patient-derived fibroblasts, including re-activation of cell cycle progression, reduced DNA damage signaling, decreased expression of pro-fibrotic genes and recovery of mitochondrial defects. These effects were accompanied by the correction of nuclear abnormalities. These data point to SerpinE1 as a novel potential effector and target for therapeutic interventions in HGPS pathogenesis.
Autophagy-targeted nanoparticles for effective cancer treatment: advances and outlook
Authors: Long Xuehua , Yan Jianqin , Zhang Zhuoran , Chang Jing , He Bin , Sun Yong , Liang Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutophagy enables the maintenance of nutrient recycling and metabolic homeostasis through a multistep lysosomal degradation pathway, and it has been demonstrated that autophagy can act as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter, depending on the tumor microenvironment (TME). The dual role of autophagy in tumorigenesis results in two opposing therapeutic strategies, namely, inhibition versus promotion. However, due to the protective mechanisms of tumor cells and the absence of specific strategies for autophagy regulation, the modulation of autophagy has become a major consideration in cancer treatment. Owing to their unique properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated excellent potential for overcoming these limitations. Here, we provide a summary of the latest progress in autophagy-targeting NPs for effective cancer treatment, and we conclude with recent advances in relevant clinical and preclinical studies. This summary of typical autophagy-targeted nano-drug delivery systems aims to provide references and expand ideas for researchers intending to explore this field. Finally, we provide an outlook on the potential of autophagy modulation in cancer treatment, and several key objective problems are carefully highlighted.
Efficient DNA fluorescence labeling via base excision trapping
Authors: Jun Yong Woong , Harcourt Emily M. , Xiao Lu , Wilson David L. , Kool Eric T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFluorescence labeling of DNAs is broadly useful, but methods for labeling are expensive and labor-intensive. Here we describe a general method for fluorescence labeling of oligonucleotides readily and cost-efficiently via base excision trapping (BETr), employing deaminated DNA bases to mark label positions, which are excised by base excision repair enzymes generating AP sites. Specially designed aminooxy-substituted rotor dyes trap the AP sites, yielding high emission intensities. BETr is orthogonal to DNA synthesis by polymerases, enabling multi-uracil incorporation into an amplicon and in situ BETr labeling without washing. BETr also enables labeling of dsDNA such as genomic DNA at a high labeling density in a single tube by use of nick translation. Use of two different deaminated bases facilitates two-color site-specific labeling. Use of a multi-labeled DNA construct as a bright fluorescence tag is demonstrated through the conjugation to an antibody for imaging proteins. Finally, double-strand selectivity of a repair enzyme is harnessed in sensitive reporting on the presence of a target DNA or RNA in a mixture with isothermal turnover and single nucleotide specificity. Overall, the results document a convenient and versatile method for general fluorescence labeling of DNAs.
High-surface-area corundum nanoparticles by resistive hotspot-induced phase transformation
Authors: Deng Bing , Advincula Paul A. , Luong Duy Xuan , Zhou Jingan , Zhang Boyu , Wang Zhe , McHugh Emily A. , Chen Jinhang , Carter Robert A. , Kittrell Carter , Lou Jun , Zhao Yuji , Yakobson Boris I. , Zhao Yufeng , Tour James M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh-surface-area α-Al2O3 nanoparticles are used in high-strength ceramics and stable catalyst supports. The production of α-Al2O3 by phase transformation from γ-Al2O3 is hampered by a high activation energy barrier, which usually requires extended high-temperature annealing (~1500 K, > 10 h) and suffers from aggregation. Here, we report the synthesis of dehydrated α-Al2O3 nanoparticles (phase purity ~100%, particle size ~23 nm, surface area ~65 m2 g−1) by a pulsed direct current Joule heating of γ-Al2O3. The phase transformation is completed at a reduced bulk temperature and duration (~573 K, < 1 s) via an intermediate δʹ-Al2O3 phase. Numerical simulations reveal the resistive hotspot-induced local heating in the pulsed current process enables the rapid transformation. Theoretical calculations show the topotactic transition (from γ- to δʹ- to α-Al2O3) is driven by their surface energy differences. The α-Al2O3 nanoparticles are sintered to nanograined ceramics with hardness superior to commercial alumina and approaching that of sapphire.
The protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT9 attenuates MAVS activation through arginine methylation
Authors: Bai Xuemei , Sui Chao , Liu Feng , Chen Tian , Zhang Lei , Zheng Yi , Liu Bingyu , Gao Chengjiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe signaling adaptor MAVS forms prion-like aggregates to activate the innate antiviral immune response after viral infection. However, spontaneous aggregation of MAVS can lead to autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanism that prevents MAVS from spontaneous aggregation in resting cells has been enigmatic. Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 9 targets MAVS directly and catalyzes the arginine methylation of MAVS at the Arg41 and Arg43. In the resting state, this modification inhibits MAVS aggregation and autoactivation of MAVS. Upon virus infection, PRMT9 dissociates from the mitochondria, leading to the aggregation and activation of MAVS. Our study implicates a form of post-translational modification on MAVS, which can keep MAVS inactive in physiological conditions to maintain innate immune homeostasis.