bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Huge racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery with arterial supply via the right coronary artery and left internal thoracic artery
Authors: Horie Rikako , Sekiya Kensuke , Funada Junichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 79‐year‐old male with bronchiectasis was referred to our clinic because of mild chest tightness on exertion. He had no history of hemoptysis. An electrocardiogram showed ST segment depression in leads V5‐6. Multi‐detector contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed no significant stenosis in either coronary artery; however, a huge racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery (RHBA) was detected. In addition, arterial supply to the RHBA via the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was suspected. Adenosine‐loading myocardial scintigraphy images revealed segmental hypo‐perfusion in the left ventricular inferior wall. Selective bronchial artery angiography revealed the huge RHBA. In addition, both the RCA and LITA provided arterial supply to the RHBA. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first to show multiple arterial supply resulting in a huge RHBA.
Thymoquinone induces apoptosis in temozolomide‐resistant glioblastoma cells via the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Mai Ai , Ye Shu‐Wen , Tu Jia‐Yu , Gao Jun , Kang Zhan‐Fang , Yao Qian‐Ming , Ting Wei‐Jen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTemozolomide (TMZ) can cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and deliver methyl groups to the purine (guanine) bases of DNA, leading to mispairing during DNA replication and subsequent cell death. However, increased expression of the repair enzyme methyl guanine methyltransferase (MGMT), which removes methyl groups from purine bases, counteracts methylation by TMZ. We evaluated the anticancer potential of thymoquinone (TQ), a hydrophobic flavonoid that inhibits resistance and induces apoptosis in various cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments showed that compared with the Hs683 and M059J cell lines, U251 cells were more sensitive to TMZ. Compared to U251 cells, U251R cells, a TMZ drug‐resistant strain established in this study, are characterized by increased expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK) and MGMT. TQ treatments induced apoptosis in all cell lines. The p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal pathway was mainly activated in U251 and U251R cells; however, p‐ERK and MGMT upregulation could not suppress TQ effects. Furthermore, si‐p38 pretreatment of U251R cells in TQ treatments inhibited cell apoptosis. We speculate that TQ contributed to the phosphorylation and activation of p38, but not of ERK‐induced apoptosis (irrespective of TMZ resistance). In vivo, U251R‐derived tumors subcutaneously inoculated in nude mice exhibited significant tumor volume reduction after TQ or TQ + TMZ cotreatments. High‐performance liquid chromatography assay confirmed the presence of TQ in murine brain tissues. Our findings demonstrate that TQ can effectively cross the BBB and function alone or in combination with TMZ to treat glioblastoma.
Oesophageal pneumatosis: computed tomographic characteristics in three dogs (2018–2021)
Authors: Orts‐Porcar Marc , Ororbia Alejandro , Fina Caroline , Herrería‐Bustillo Vicente José , Gómez‐Martín Noemi , Barreiro‐Vázquez José Daniel , González‐Rellán Sonia , Anselmi Carlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOesophageal pneumatosis (OP) is defined as the presence of gas within the oesophageal wall. The description of this condition in veterinary medicine is currently lacking. The pathogenesis of alimentary tract pneumatosis remains unclear. Current literature describes that access of gas into the oesophageal wall may occur by one or a combination of the following mechanisms: mucosal disruption, increased intra or extra‐luminal pressure or dissection of gas from an extra‐oesophageal source.ObjectivesThe aim of this multi‐centric case series was to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of OP in dogs.MethodsThree adult dogs were included. One dog presented with gastrointestinal signs and general malaise while the other two presented with spontaneous facial and cervical subcutaneous emphysema.ResultsCT revealed different degrees of intramural gas along the oesophageal wall in all cases. The first dog was diagnosed with emphysematous gastritis based on the presence of gastric pneumatosis paired with compatible clinicopathological and endoscopic findings. This dog was successfully treated with antibiotics. The remaining two dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and required no surgical or medical treatment.ConclusionsIn all cases with OP, there was concurrent gastric pneumatosis. Gas extensively and circumferentially distributed with a banded shape along the oesophageal wall was present in patients with presumed mural gas dissection because of pneumomediastinum. Conversely, a focal and mild amount of mural gas with a tubular shape was identified in the distal segment of the oesophagus in the patient with emphysematous gastritis.
A comprehensive review and characterization of nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinical trials
Authors: Xu Katherine , De Ravin Emma , Suresh Neeraj , Brody Robert M. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough standard of care for primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is chemoradiotherapy, there remains no consensus on management of recurrent or metastatic disease. We characterized recent clinical trials on NPC to assess trends in NPC treatment and establish promising areas for future research.Study DesignRetrospective database study.SettingClinicalTrials.gov database.MethodsRetrospective review of all NPC trials from November 1999 to June 2021. For each study, the following variables were extracted: study characteristics, intervention, outcome measures, and inclusion criteria. Secondary searches via PubMed and Google scholar determined trial publication status.ResultsA total of 448 clinical trials were identified: 72 (16%) observational and 376 (84%) interventional, of which there were 30 (8%) Phase I, 183 (49%) Phase II, 86 Phase III (23%), and 5 (1%) Phase IV trials. Fifty‐four percent of trials included only primary NPC while 111 (25%) exclusively studied recurrent cancers. The most common interventions were cisplatin (n = 64) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (n = 54); there were 38 trials involving PD‐1 monoclonal antibodies. Thirty‐four studies examined quality of life measures, including xerostomia and mucositis. Of the completed studies, 53.2% have published manuscripts. Poor patient accrual was the most common reason for premature study termination.ConclusionsNovel immunotherapies have been increasingly incorporated into NPC studies in recent years, however, chemotherapy and radiation, despite their numerous side effects, are still widely used due to their clinical effectiveness. Future trials are warranted to determine the optimal therapeutic regimens to decrease relapse rates and side effects.
Resilience for All or for Some? Reflections Through the Lens of Urban Political Ecology
Authors: March Hug , Swyngedouw Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this first chapter of the book, we develop a critical perspective of urban resilience through the lens of urban political ecology, with an eye towards charting a trajectory that may open new political possibilities. The chapter is divided into five parts. The first part demonstrates how the urban and the urbanisation process implies an uneven distribution of risks and vulnerabilities. In the second part, we shall explore how the notion of resilience should be understood as a scientific concept dressed in an ideological mask that has begun to be problematised by critical scholars. In the third part, we discuss how political ecology may contribute to the emerging critique of urban resilience, and in the fourth part, we develop how urban resilience operates as an immuno-biopolitical fantasy. The final section explores ways through which the urban socio-ecological condition can be repoliticised, opening new possibilities for a more democratic and progressive urban resilience decision-making. By doing so, we suggest a research agenda for transformative, more democratic, emancipatory, and socially grounded forms of urban resilience.
Learning from the Military
Authors: Laroche Hervé , Reuzeau Florence 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMoving from the military to civilian organisations, this chapter discusses the key points of Gérard de Boisboissel’s contribution about the impact of autonomous systems on safety issues. We comment on these points from two angles: (1) human–system interaction and (2) organisational reliability. Stressing differences in context and in resulting implications, we strongly recommend that the upcoming invasion of work organisations by autonomous systems should be viewed (also) through the lens of the social sciences.
Einleitung
Authors: Lohmann Marco-Thejesh 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIdeologie-basierte Gewalttaten, etwa in Form terroristischer Anschläge oder gewaltsamer Hasskriminalität, und ihre Folgen stellen eine massive Bedrohung für ein friedliches Zusammenleben in Europa dar. Insbesondere der Anstieg des islamistischen Terrorismus in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten, mit dem 11. September 2001 als Auftakt, hat deutlich vor Augen geführt, welche gravierenden Konsequenzen hieraus sowohl für das Sicherheitsempfinden innerhalb der Bevölkerung als auch die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen in einer Gesellschaft erwachsen können. Eine adäquate Erklärung solcher Gewalthandlungen, die auch in der Lage ist zur Verhinderung dieser Taten beizutragen, ist daher dringend geboten. Bisherige wissenschaftliche Erklärungsansätze offenbaren jedoch unterschiedliche Versäumnisse. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll aus diesem Grund ein neues Erklärungsmodell entwickelt werden, das einerseits verständlich machen kann, wie und warum Menschen sich radikalisieren, und andererseits begründen kann, unter welchen Bedingungen radikalisierte Personen zu Gewalttätern werden. Neben der Modellentwicklung erfolgt im Rahmen der Arbeit auch eine empirische Überprüfung der formulierten Annahmen zu den Tatbedingungen. Dies geschieht am Beispiel islamistischer Gewaltstraftaten in Westeuropa, die zwischen 2000 und 2013 begangen wurden bzw. realisiert werden sollten.
Herausforderungen für eine Theorie zur Erklärung ideologie-basierter Gewalt
Authors: Lohmann Marco-Thejesh 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungTheorien und Erklärungsmodelle, die die Begehung islamistischer Gewalthandlungen in Westeuropa begründen wollen, stehen vor einer Reihe von Herausforderungen, die u. a. auch mit den besonderen Merkmalen des Gegenstandsbereiches zusammenhängen. Zudem müssen sie bestimmte Anforderungen erfüllen, wenn sie die Begehung dieser Taten adäquat erklären wollen. Diese Herausforderungen und Anforderungen sollen in diesem Kapitel dargelegt werden.
Theoretischer Rahmen
Authors: Lohmann Marco-Thejesh 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel erfolgt die Entwicklung des Erklärungsmodells, das sich um die Frage dreht, warum Menschen lebensbedrohliche, islamistische Gewalttaten in Westeuropa verüben. Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage legt das Modell in einem ersten Schritt dar, was eine hohe Bereitschaft zur Begehung solcher Taten begründet und wie diese Gewaltbereitschaft entsteht. In diesem Zusammenhang wird u.a. beschrieben, warum islamistische Ideologien so anziehend auf einige Menschen wirken und unter welchen Bedingungen sich solche potentiell empfänglichen Personen radikalisieren oder auch nicht radikalisieren. In einem zweiten Schritt wird veranschaulicht, wann eine hohe Gewaltbereitschaft in einer tatsächlichen Gewalttat in Westeuropa gipfelt.
$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 conformal dualities from unoriented chiral quivers
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Bianchi Massimo , Fazzi Marco , Mancani Salvo , Riccioni Fabio , Rota Simone 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We study various orientifold projections of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 toric gauge theories, associated with CY singularities known as La,b,a/ℤ2, with a + b even. We obtain superconformal chiral theories that have the same central charge, anomalies and superconformal index, whereas they were different before the orientifold. Some of these projections are implemented by a novel type of orientifold without fixed loci, known as glide orientifold. We claim that these theories flow to the same conformal manifold, and they are connected by quadratic exactly marginal deformations. The latter can be written in terms of conjugate pairs of bifundamental fields of R-charge one, generalizing previous results for unoriented non-chiral theories.
From Deutsche Zeitschrift to International Journal of Legal Medicine—100 years of legal medicine through the lens of journal articles
Authors: Wirth Ingo , Fracasso Tony , Pfeiffer Heidi , Schmeling Andreas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrom its launc
h in 1922 to the end of the Second World War, the Deutsche Zeitschrift für die gesamte gerichtliche Medizin spanned 38 volumes. The 1762 papers contained in those volumes reflect contemporary interests and include many papers from peripheral fields and non-medico-legal disciplines. Publications concerned with issues outside core legal medicine fields in particular allow two distinct tendencies in the development of German institutes of legal medicine to be discerned. Firstly, there is a focus on the psychological and psychiatric aspects of the discipline. Secondly, there is tendency towards a scientific-criminalistic outlook. The fatal consequences of the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 did not spare the sciences. For legal medicine, a discipline with close links to the state, it is unsurprising that fundamental changes to the political system had a significant impact on subject matter. Leaving aside articles notable principally for their ideological content, our analysis of the 38 volumes shows that the papers examined contain new insights into many subjects, some of which are still valid today.
Automatic detection of crohn disease in wireless capsule endoscopic images using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Marin-Santos Diego , Contreras-Fernandez Juan A. , Perez-Borrero Isaac , Pallares-Manrique Hector , Gegundez-Arias Manuel E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) in the small bowel is generally performed by observing a very large number of images captured by capsule endoscopy (CE). This diagnostic technique entails a heavy workload for the specialists in terms of time spent reviewing the images. This paper presents a convolutional neural network capable of classifying the CE images to identify those ones affected by lesions indicative of the disease. The architecture of the proposed network was custom designed to solve this image classification problem. This allowed different design decisions to be made with the aim of improving its performance in terms of accuracy and processing speed compared to other state-of-the-art deep-learning-based reference architectures. The experimentation was carried out on a set of 15,972 images extracted from 31 CE videos of patients affected by CD, 7,986 of which showed lesions associated with the disease. The training, validation/selection and evaluation of the network was performed on 70%, 10% and 20% of the total images, respectively. The ROC curve obtained on the test image set has an area greater than 0.997, with points in a 95-99% sensitivity range associated with specificities of 99-96%. These figures are higher than those achieved by EfficientNet-B5, VGG-16, Xception or ResNet networks which also require an average processing time per image significantly higher than the one needed in the proposed architecture. Therefore, the network outlined in this paper is proving to be sufficiently promising to be considered for integration into tools used by specialists in their diagnosis of CD. In the sample of images analysed, the network was able to detect 99% of the images with lesions, filtering out for specialist review 96% of those with no signs of disease.
Iron overload impairs renal function and is associated with vascular calcification in rat aorta
Authors: Song Yanqiu , Yang Ning , Si Hailong , Liu Ting , Wang Hongyu , Geng Hua , Qin Qin , Guo Zhigang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVascular calcification (VC) has been associated with a risk of cardiovascular diseases. Iron may play a critical role in progressive VC. Therefore, we investigated the effects of iron overload on the aorta of rats. A rat model of iron overload was established by intraperitoneal injection of Iron-Dextran. The levels of iron, calcium, and ALP activity were detected. Von Kossa staining and Perl’s staining were conducted. The expression of iron metabolism-related and calcification related factors were examined in the aortic tissue of rats. The results showed serum and aortic tissue iron were increased induced by iron overload and excessive iron induced hepatic and renal damage. In iron overload rats, the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and hepcidin were higher, but ferroportin1 (FPN1) was lower. Von Kossa staining demonstrated calcium deposition in the aorta of iron overload rats. The calcium content and ALP activity in serum and aortic tissue were increased and iron level in aortic tissue highly correlated with calcium content and ALP activity. The expressions of the osteogenic markers were increased while a decrease of Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the aortic tissue of iron overload rats. IL-24 was increased during the calcification process induced by iron. Overall, we demonstrated excessive iron accumulation in the aortic tissue and induced organs damage. The iron metabolism-related factors were significantly changed during iron overload. Moreover, we found that iron overload leads to calcium deposition in aorta, playing a key role in the pathological process of VC by mediating osteoblast differentiation factors.
Fish community structure varies by location and presence of artificial islands: a case study in Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario
Authors: Maynard Dugan , Boston Christine M. , Midwood Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Artificial islands and reefs have been used in the Laurentian Great Lakes for over 40 years as a means of improving aquatic habitat; but research on their efficacy has primarily focused on their ability to increase the abundance of specific sportfish, top predators, or other keystone species. To understand the importance of islands in structuring the whole fish community, we took a holistic approach and analysed the effect of islands, location, and the interaction effect between the two in structuring fish communities in Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario using a 30-year electrofishing dataset. The effect of islands varied by location within the harbour, with some species showing a preference for islands in some locations while avoiding them in others. Island communities also tended to have significantly different species compositions, with higher index of biotic integrity scores and species richness, greater numbers of pollution intolerant fishes, centrarchids, and fewer generalist species. However, these results paled in comparison to the level of inter-annual variation in the fish community of the harbour, which has changed markedly over the 30-year time span. Taken together, our results highlight that while island creation can influence the fish community, the type and magnitude of effect will vary based on their distance to other suitable habitats (i.e., location within the system) and the design of the island itself. Further, the noted inter-annual variability emphasizes the importance of considering long time scales (> 10–20 years) when exploring fish community responses to habitat creation. Collectively, these results will help the design of more effective management strategies for restoring fish communities.
Encouraging Drawing in Research with Children on Marine Environments: Methodological and Epistemological Considerations
Authors: Fache Elodie , Sabinot Catherine , Pauwels Simonne , Riera Léa , Breckwoldt Annette , David Gilbert , Matairakula Ulamila , Carrière Stéphanie M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs part of an interdisciplinary research project on South Pacific fisheries, we recognized children as one of the relevant categories of stakeholders whose perspectives on fishing and fisheries management need to be considered. We used drawings to explore how, in Fiji and New Caledonia, children perceive their marine environment, including the fishing practices and the connections between these and local ways of ‘being-in-the-world.’ Our methodology involved drawing workshops in local schools, followed by short interviews with the participants. This methodological paper aims to identify the advantages and limitations of this drawing-based approach to research with children compared to conventional ethnographic and ethnoecological methods. Therefore, it focuses primarily on how this approach was designed and implemented and on the epistemological discussions it generated, especially concerning children’s involvement in the study and the use of drawing as a research tool.
Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of fucoidan extract from Lessonia trabeculata in alloxan-induced diabetes rats
Authors: Loayza-Gutiérrez Lillyan Teresa , Apumayta-Suárez Eder Valdir , Abdala Roberto , Aguilar-Mendoza Luis Ángel , Chávez-Pérez Jorge Antonio , Decara Juan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this research was to evaluate a nutritional strategy based on the consumption of a fucoidan extract from brown algaeLessonia trabeculatato control oxidative stress in experimental alloxan-induced insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rats. Over 30 days, 75, 100, and 125 mg kg−1of body weight of fucoidan doses were administered and both positive and negative control (n = 5 per group). Serum, liver, pancreas, and kidney biochemical indicators of oxidative stress improvement were evaluated. Measures included lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and antioxidant activity by assessment of free radical scavenging power and histopathological changes. The results showed an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes while reducing oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation index) in serum (p ≤ 0.05) and tissues (p ≤ 0.05). Further, no liver necrosis was observed in treated groups, unlike the Type 1 diabetes positive control group that presented mild necrosis and moderate congestion. In the pancreas, treated rats presented mild oedema, while the positive control group showed moderate oedema. A significant protective effect against oxidative stress caused by alloxan-induced diabetes was found in this model, therefore it can be concluded that fucoidan extracted from theLessonia trabeculataalgae could be considered a good functional compound for the control of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Because diabetes is such a widespread public health issue, developing fucoidan-based products could be a natural way to improve patients' quality of life.