bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Cell‐Surface Interactions in Fungal Cell Walls by High‐Resolution 1H‐Detected Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Safeer Adil , Kleijburg Fleur , Bahri Salima , Beriashvili David , Veldhuizen Edwin J. A. , van Neer Jacq , Tegelaar Martin , de Cock Hans , Wösten Han A. B. , Baldus Marc 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSolid‐state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy facilitates the non‐destructive characterization of structurally heterogeneous biomolecules in their native setting, for example, comprising proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. Here we demonstrate the utility of high and ultra‐high field 1H‐detected fast MAS ssNMR spectroscopy, which exhibits increased sensitivity and spectral resolution, to further elucidate the atomic‐level composition and structural arrangement of the cell wall of Schizophyllum commune, a mushroom‐forming fungus from the Basidiomycota phylum. These advancements allowed us to reveal that Cu(II) ions and the antifungal peptide Cathelicidin‐2 mainly bind to cell wall proteins at low concentrations while glucans are targeted at high metal ion concentrations. In addition, our data suggest the presence of polysaccharides containing N‐acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) and proteins, including the hydrophobin proteins SC3, shedding more light on the molecular make‐up of cells wall as well as the positioning of the polypeptide layer. Obtaining such information may be of critical relevance for future research into fungi in material science and biomedical contexts.
Imatinib dose optimization based on therapeutic drug monitoring in Chinese patients with chronic‐phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cheng Fang , Zeng Fang , Li Qiang , Cui Zheng , Chen Yilin , Li Weiming , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundImatinib treatment often produces various adverse reactions in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and increasing patients are pursuing dose optimization. In this study, the authors aimed to explore imatinib dose optimization based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in CML patients.MethodsThe relationship between imatinib concentration and clinical response and adverse reactions was evaluated, then the dose‐reduction data in 110 Chinese CML patients was also explored.ResultsPatients with a major molecular response (MMR) had higher imatinib plasma concentration compared with those not achieving MMR (1473.70 ± 419.13 vs. 985.8 ± 213.32 ng/ml) when receiving 400 mg daily. Imatinib concentration >1000 ng/ml predicted improved event‐free survival and failure‐free survival. In addition, imatinib concentration was significantly correlated with leukopenia or neutropenia, diarrhea, edema, and rash. Patients receiving imatinib concentration >1685 ng/ml were more susceptible to diarrhea and those with levels >1575 ng/ml were more susceptible to periorbital and limb edema. Thirty‐nine (35.5%) patients underwent low‐dose therapy and seven (6.4%) patients received discontinuation therapy. Patients with a higher imatinib concentration were more likely to maintain MMR or deep molecular response after dose reduction. No significant difference in molecular relapse‐free survival rate was observed between the low‐dose and standard‐dose groups over 1 year and 2 years. Furthermore, most adverse reactions significantly improved after dose reduction.ConclusionsImatinib concentration was closely associated with clinical response and adverse reactions, suggesting that dose optimization based on TDM might achieve beneficial clinical outcomes. Dose reduction based on TDM is feasible and safe for patients exhibiting optimal response, which could improve adverse reactions.
A novel machine learning‐based framework for detecting fake Instagram profiles
Authors: Kaushik Keshav , Bhardwaj Akashdeep , Kumar Manoj , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Gupta Abhishek 
Published: October 2022

SummaryRecently, there has been a massive rise in the popularity of Instagram, which connects individuals globally and allows videos and images to be uploaded and exchanged, and communicated over social media. Instagram is also an online playground of deceit. The use of filters, lighting, and cunning angles transforms the mundane into something spectacular. Automated spam accounts and fake profiles use this to their malicious advantage for executing attacks targeting high‐profile executives. Creating fake Instagram identities is easy to reproduce the idea of being accepted by many fans on social media. Fake accounts are used in the marketing of fake services and products. This research focused on designing and training a unique neural network model and proposed a new algorithm for detecting automated spam and fake Instagram account profiles. The precision and accuracy of the proposed method were achieved at 93% and 91%, respectively.
RideNN‐OptDRN: Heart disease detection using RideNN based feature fusion and optimized deep residual network
Authors: Merugula Suneetha , Padmaja Buddi , Veerubommu Ragavi 
Published: October 2022

SummaryHeart disease detection through early‐stage syndrome remains as a main confront in present world situation. If it is not detected appropriate time, then this turns out to be the major cause of death. Several existing heart disease detection techniques are developed with lower detection performance and therefore it is very significant to introduce a novel heart disease detection model that poses the potential to detect heart disease from input data. A novel detection approach named, social water cycle algorithm‐based deep residual network (SWCA‐based DRN) is proposed for classification of heart disease. The developed SWCA algorithm is a newly designed by the hybridization of social optimization algorithm and water cycle algorithm. Here, an input data is initially preprocessed and the feature fusion procedure is carried out RV coefficient enabled rider optimization algorithm‐based neural network. With the fused feature result, heart disease classification is performed utilizing a DRN classifier where training procedure of DRN is done by proposed optimization algorithm, named SWCA. Furthermore, developed SWCA‐enabled DRN technique outperformed different other present heart disease detection approaches and attained superior performance concerning the performance measures, like testing accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with highest values of 0.941, 0.954, and 0.925.
Nanoarchitectonics of Indocyanine Green/Doxorubicin‐Loaded Hydroxyl Boron Nitride Nanosheets for Chemophotothermal Therapy
Authors: Liu Ming , Sun Chiyu , Wu Shuangyan , Zhu Mingchang , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiocompatible hydroxylated boron nitride nanosheets were effectively loaded with indocyanine green and doxorubicin using successive assembly. The indocyanine green/doxorubicin‐loaded hydroxyl boron nitride nanosheets (ICG/DOX@OH‐BNNS) integrated photothermal therapy and chemotherapy into a single nano vehicle. It had been confirmed that ICG/DOX@OH‐BNNS could produce reactive oxygen species and exhibit excellent photothermal effects and light‐triggered faster DOX release with NIR laser irradiation. On the other hand, the fluorescence of DOX in ICG/DOX@OH‐BNNS was also used for visualizing subcellular location. Compared with individual chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, the combined treatment of ICG/DOX@OH‐BNNS could synergistically induce the apoptosis and death of A549 cells and suppress S180 tumor growth in vivo.
Influence of Laser Pulse Welding Power on Welding Joints of Zr‐Based Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Wumeng Liu , Chun Guo , Suisong Wu , Yun Li , Meng Ying , Taiyu Kang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA Zr‐based amorphous alloy (thickness = 2 mm) is welded by laser welding. The phase composition and microstructure of the welding joints under different laser powers are analyzed by optical microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the welded joints under different laser powers are examined using microhardness and tensile testers. The glass forming ability and thermal stability of the welded joints are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. With an increase in laser power, the degree of crystallization of welded joints increases, their microhardness is in the range 502.3–546.9 HV0.2, and tensile strength is up to 583 MPa (75% of that of the Zr‐based amorphous alloy). Through the research of the article, it can be found that when the laser power increases, the crystallization degree of the welded joint first increases rapidly and then tends to be stable. The lower laser power should be used as far as possible in the case of penetration.
Identification of etazene (etodesnitazene) metabolites in human urine by LC‐HRMS
Authors: Verougstraete Nick , Verhaeghe Annick , Germonpré Jan , Lebbinck Herve , Verstraete Alain G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEtazene (or etodesnitazene) is a novel and highly active synthetic opioid belonging to the rapidly evolving and emerging group of “nitazenes.” Etazene metabolites were identified through analysis of a human urine sample. The sample was obtained from a 25‐year‐old man who attempted suicide by taking a new psychoactive substances (NPS) cocktail purchased online and was analyzed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐HRMS). Etazene metabolites were predicted with BioTransformer 3.0, and the exact masses were added to the inclusion list. Eight possible metabolites were identified in the urine sample. N‐ and O‐deethylation were identified as the predominant metabolism routes, resulting in M1 (O‐deethylated etazene; most abundant metabolite based on the peak area), M2 (N‐deethylated etazene), and M3 (N,O‐dideethylated etazene) metabolites. Less abundant hydroxylated products of these deethylated metabolites and etazene were also found. Additionally, in the analysis without β‐glucuronidase treatment, M1‐ and M3‐glucuronide phase II metabolites were found. As N‐ and O‐deethylated products seem to be the predominant urinary metabolites, the detection of these metabolites in urine can be useful to demonstrate etazene exposure.
Vegetation responses to past volcanic disturbances at the Araucaria araucana forest‐steppe ecotone in northern Patagonia
Authors: Moreno‐Gonzalez Ricardo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVolcanic eruptions play an important role in vegetation dynamics and its historical range of variability. However, large events are infrequent and eruptions with a significant imprint in today's vegetation occurred far in the past, limiting our understanding of ecological processes. Volcanoes in southern Andes have been active during the last 10 ka and support unique ecosystems such as the Araucaria–Nothofagus forest. Araucaria is an endangered species, with a fragmented distribution and well‐adapted to fire and volcanic disturbances. Yet, it was suggested that volcanism might have increased the fragmentation. Through the use of pollen and tephra analysis from a sedimentary record, this paleoecological study aims to provide an insight into the vegetation responses to past volcanic disturbances, to assess the role of volcanic disturbance on the vegetation dynamics and to determine if the current fragmentation has been caused by volcanism. Results show that during the last 9 kyr, 39 tephra falls buried the vegetation around Lake Relem, more frequently between 4 and 2 ka. The pollen percentage indicates that the vegetation changed after small tephra fall but seldom caused significant changes. However, the large eruption of Sollipulli volcano (~3 ka) changed the environmental conditions affecting severely the vegetation. Ephedra dominated the early successional stage, perhaps facilitating Nothofagus recovering after ~500 years. Slight increase of Araucaria and Nothofagus obliqua‐type pollen percentages suggests that forest resisted without permanent changes and recovered relatively fast after the large eruption, perhaps because of sparse biological legacies distributed in the landscape. In the study area, the relative stability of Araucaria pollen after several tephra fall suggests no change in its past distribution at the current forest‐steppe ecotone, thus not affecting its current conservation status. Perhaps, random factors, the colonization patterns of the high elevations in the Andes after deglaciation and topography might play a more important role than previously thought.
Assessing the effects of native and alien plant ash on mosquito abundance
Authors: Netshituni Vincent T. , Cuthbert Ross N. , Dondofema Farai , Dalu Tatenda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant invasions have been linked to displacement of native vegetation and altering of fire regimes and might influence vector mosquito populations by altering habitats or nutrient inputs. Whereas wildfire effects on terrestrial ecosystems are relatively well‐studied, ash depositions into aquatic ecosystems and effects on semi‐aquatic taxa such as mosquitoes have remained overlooked. Here, we investigated mosquito colonization in water treated with ash from native plants [quinine tree (Rauvolfia caffra), Transvaal milk plum (Englerophytum magalismontanum), apple leaf (Philenoptera violacea)] and invasive alien plants [i.e., lantana (Lantana camara), guava (Psidium guajava), red river gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)] in containers at two ash concentrations (i.e., 1, 2 g/L). Overall, there was no statistically clear difference in colonization between ash from native and alien species. We recorded colonization by two mosquito genera (Culex spp. and Anopheles spp.), with Culex generally much more abundant than Anopheles. Few differences were identified among the plants, with statistically clear effects of ash type and concentration on larval and pupal stages. High Culex egg and larval abundances were shown in lantana and apple leaf treatments compared to controls, and milkplum versus controls for pupae of both genera. Further research is required to elucidate the influence of nutrient inputs from different ash species on vector mosquito population dynamics.
Functional rarity of plants in German hay meadows — Patterns on the species level and mismatches with community species richness
Authors: Walther Gabriel , Jandt Ute , Kattge Jens , Römermann Christine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFunctional rarity (FR) — a feature combining a species' rarity with the distinctiveness of its traits — is a promising tool to better understand the ecological importance of rare species and consequently to protect functional diversity more efficiently. However, we lack a systematic understanding of FR on both the species level (which species are functionally rare and why) and the community level (how is FR associated with biodiversity and environmental conditions). Here, we quantify FR for 218 plant species from German hay meadows on a local, regional, and national scale by combining data from 6500 vegetation relevés and 15 ecologically relevant traits. We investigate the association between rarity and trait distinctiveness on different spatial scales via correlation measures and show which traits lead to low or high trait distinctiveness via distance‐based redundancy analysis. We test how species richness and FR are correlated, and use boosted regression trees to determine environmental conditions that are driving species richness and FR. On the local scale, only rare species showed high trait distinctiveness while on larger spatial scales rare and common species showed high trait distinctiveness. As infrequent trait attributes (e.g., legumes, low clonality) led to higher trait distinctiveness, we argue that functionally rare species are either specialists or transients. While specialists occupy a particular niche in hay meadows leading to lower rarity on larger spatial scales, transients display distinct but maladaptive traits resulting in high rarity across all spatial scales. More functionally rare species than expected by chance occurred in species‐poor communities indicating that they prefer environmental conditions differing from characteristic conditions of species‐rich hay meadows. Finally, we argue that functionally rare species are not necessarily relevant for nature conservation because many were transients from surrounding habitats. However, FR can facilitate our understanding of why species are rare in a habitat and under which conditions these species occur.
Current therapies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Bayonas‐Ruiz Adrián , Muñoz‐Franco Francisca María , Sabater‐Molina María , Oliva‐Sandoval María José , Gimeno Juan R. , Bonacasa Bárbara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the effect of the current therapies over the pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Methods and resultsA systematic review and meta‐analysis of 41 studies identified from 1383 retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane was conducted. Therapies were grouped in pharmacological, invasive and physical exercise. Pharmacological agents had no effect on functional capacity measured by VO2max (1.11 mL/kg/min; 95% CI: −0.04, 2.25, P < 0.05). Invasive septal reduction therapies increased VO2max (+3.2 mL/kg/min; 95% CI: 1.78, 4.60, P < 0.05). Structured physical exercise programmes did not report contraindications and evidenced the highest increases on functional capacity (VO2max + 4.33 mL/kg/min; 95% CI: 0.20, 8.45, P < 0.05). Patients with left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction at rest improved their VO2max to a greater extent compared with those without resting LVOT obstruction (2.82 mL/kg/min; 95% CI: 1.97, 3.67 vs. 1.18; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.74, P < 0.05). Peak LVOT gradient was reduced with the three treatment options with the highest reduction observed for invasive therapies. Left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced in pharmacological and invasive procedures. No effect was observed after physical exercise. Symptomatic status improved with the three options and to a greater extent with invasive procedures.ConclusionsInvasive septal reduction therapies increase VO2max, improve symptomatic status, and reduce resting and peak LVOT gradient, thus might be considered in obstructive patients. Physical exercise emerges as a coadjuvant therapy, which is safe and associated with benefits on functional capacity. Pharmacological agents improve reported NYHA class, but not functional capacity.
Mechanistic Understanding of Electrocatalytic Vinylcyclopropane Rearrangement
Authors: Horiguchi Genki , Okada Yohei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectron‐catalyzed reactions induced by electrochemical methods, i. e., electrocatalytic reactions, are a focus of interest in organic chemical synthesis. Since some electrolysis parameters (current, potential and coulomb amount) can be monitored and controlled and electrochemical measurement techniques are well established, we can obtain mechanistic insights into electron‐catalyzed (electrocatalytic) reactions. Using these advantages, we have investigated radical cation vinylcyclopropane rearrangements. The desired rearrangement proceeded by a catalytic coulomb amount. The synthetic outcomes and electrochemical measurements suggested that the rearrangement proceeded at the anode region via a radical cation chain mechanism. The key to the electrocatalytic rearrangement was the structure of the substrate.
Absence of well‐developed floodplains along the lowland rivers and controls of the hydrogeomorphic conditions in the Western Ghat, India
Authors: Guha Shantamoy , Kaushal Rahul Kumar , Jain Vikrant 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLowland rivers across the world are characterized by accumulation of sediment due to a decrease in the channel slope. Despite the antiquity of the topography, the lowland part of the west‐flowing rivers of Western Ghat, India is characterized by poorly developed floodplains except for the southern part of the Ghat. This poses a question of the sediment transportation and deposition capacity in these lowland rivers, which in turn governs geomorphic characteristics. In this study, we adapted a novel method to integrate hydrological model‐derived discharge estimates, channel slope estimates from digital elevation models, bankfull channel width estimates from high‐resolution Google Earth satellite images and field observations. We modelled the downstream distribution of total stream power (
), specific stream power (
) and shear stress (
) for four west‐flowing river systems from different lithological and climatic settings. The 75th percentile discharge from monthly time series data was used in modelling to assess channel processes. The peak values of
are distributed all along the longitudinal profile, whereas the peak values of
and
are consistently higher in the escarpment. Scaling relationships between hydrogeomorphic parameters were also established to understand the inherent controls on the distribution of these driving parameters. We inferred that
is sufficient to transport large grain sizes even in the low‐gradient lowland stretches. Hence sediments are mostly absent in the channel, and floodplains are not well developed. Despite having a low gradient, the lowland coastal rivers can efficiently evacuate most of the eroded sediments to the offshore region. Finally, the lithological control is manifested by the variability of channel width regulating the sediment transport in the coastal rivers of the Western Ghat.
Evaluation of a clinical protocol for the management of fever in labor among pregnant women at term: A quality‐improvement study
Authors: Spénard Elisabeth , Tordjman Laurent , Marrié‐Mas Ann‐Elisabeth , Dal Soglio Dorothee , Eberle Alexa , Labbé Annie‐Claude , Boucoiran Isabelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a quality‐improvement initiative designed to increase diagnostic accuracy and adequate management of clinical chorioamnionitis (CC) at a tertiary center. Chorioamnionitis occurs in 1%–13% of term pregnancies and increases maternal and neonatal peripartum complications; often over‐diagnosed, it leads to unnecessary investigations and treatments.MethodsThis was an interrupted time‐series study. In September 2017 two interventions were implemented: (1) staff training and (2) standardized clinical protocol for the management of fever in labor. All singleton term pregnancies were included. CC cases were reviewed in the pre‐intervention (2015–2016, n = 179) and post‐intervention (2017–2018, n = 142) groups. CC criteria based on the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines, antibiotics, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and pathology were compared. A cost–consequence analysis was performed.ResultsIncidence of CC decreased from 8.2 to 5.6 per 10 person‐year (P < 0.001). This was associated with a significant increase in diagnostic accuracy from 15.7% to 73.2% (P < 0.001). Weight‐adjusted tobramycin dosage improved from 8.8% to 69.1% (P < 0.001). Maternal length of hospitalization and readmissions decreased significantly, without affecting neonatal sepsis rate. Interventions decreased yearly hospital costs associated with CC by 23.4%.ConclusionStandardizing the management of fever in labor significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy of CC and decreased the misuse of antibiotics in term pregnancies. CC costs decreased by 23.4%.