bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Tuberculosis in Nano Era: Recent Avenues
Authors: Rathi Ritu , Nagpal Manju , Kaur Malkiet , Ballouria Priyansh , Dutta Redhima , Aggarwal Geeta , Arora Sandeep 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (MTB), which mostly affects the lungs. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO) report 2020, there were over 10 million cases of tuberculosis worldwide,
with around 1.4 million people dying, wherein India accounts for over 26% of the global burden.
Prolonged treatment, high pill burden, low compliance, development of multiple drug resistance
and subsequent intolerable toxicity lead to the emergence of new nanotechnology-based drug delivery
approaches involving micro-metric and nano-metric carriers. Nanotechnology is superior to
conventional therapies as it offers site specific drug delivery of antimicrobial drugs that increases
therapeutic efficacy and reduces systemic toxicity associated with higher doses and also prevents
the drug from early degradation, increased solubility and blood retention time. This review focuses
on the different nanotechnological carriers via pulmonary route, including liposomes, niosomes,
solid lipid nanocarriers, dendrimers, nanoparticles, microspheres and microparticles for tackling
the problems related to the treatment of TB. The current review gives a summary of the possible
utilization of nanotechnology-based carrier systems to overcome the disadvantages of TB therapy.
It also provides a summary of the importance and advancements of directing nanocarriers at bacterial
reservoir. Eventually, the article presents an overview of the success in clinical application of
such systems.
Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Macrophage
PD-L1 Expression and Attenuate Acute Lung Injury in Mice
Authors: Tu Chengshu , Wang Zhangfan , Xiang E. , Zhang Quan , Zhang Yaqi , Wu Ping , Li Changyong , Wu Dongcheng 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains
a serious clinical problem but has no approved pharmacotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) represent an attractive therapeutic tool for tissue damage and inflammation owing to their
unique immunomodulatory properties. The present study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and
underlying mechanisms of human umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) in ALI mice.

Objective:
In this study, we identify a novel mechanism for human umbilical cord-derived MSCs
(UC-MSCs)-mediated immunomodulation through PGE2-dependent reprogramming of host
macrophages to promote their PD-L1 expression. Our study suggests that UC-MSCs or primed-
UC-MSCs offer new therapeutic approaches for lung inflammatory diseases.

Methods:
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice were injected with 5×105 UC-MSCs via
the tail vein after 4 hours of LPS exposure. After 24 hours of UC-MSC administration, the total protein
concentration and cell number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and cytokine levels
in the lung tissue were measured. Lung pathological changes and macrophage infiltration after UCMSC
treatment were analyzed. Moreover, in vitro co-culture experiments were performed to analyze
cytokine levels of RAW264.7 cells and Jurkat T cells.

Results:
UC-MSC treatment significantly improved LPS-induced ALI, as indicated by decreased
total protein exudation concentration and cell number in BALF and reduced pathological damage
in ALI mice. UC-MSCs could inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1,
IL-2, and IFN-γ), while enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression, as well as reducing
macrophage infiltration into the injured lung tissue. Importantly, UC-MSC administration
increased programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the lung macrophages.
Mechanistically, UC-MSCs upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression and prostaglandin
E2 (PGE2) secretion in response to LPS stimulation. UC-MSCs reduced the inflammatory cytokine
levels in murine macrophage Raw264.7 through the COX2/PGE2 axis. Furthermore, UC-MSC-
derived PGE2 enhanced PD-L1 expression in RAW264.7 cells, which in turn promoted programmed
cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression and reduced IL-2 and IFN-γ production in Jurkat
T cells.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that UC-MSCs attenuate ALI via PGE2-dependent reprogramming
of macrophages to promote their PD-L1 expression.
Stem Cells in Tendon Regeneration and Factors governing Tenogenesis
Authors: Ding Lingli , Zhou BingYu , Hou Yonghui , Xu Liangliang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Tendons are connective tissue structures of paramount importance to the human ability of locomotion.
Tendinopathy and tendon rupture can be resistant to treatment and often recurs, thus resulting
in a significant health problem with a relevant social impact worldwide. Unfortunately, existing treatment
approaches are suboptimal. A better understanding of the basic biology of tendons may provide a better
way to solve these problems and promote tendon regeneration. Stem cells, either obtained from tendons
or non-tendon sources, such as bone marrow (BMSCs), adipose tissue (AMSCs), as well as embryonic
stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have received increasing attention toward
enhancing tendon healing. There are many studies showing that stem cells can contribute to improving
tendon healing. Hence, in this review, the current knowledge of BMSCs, AMSCs, TSPCs, ESCs, and
iPSCs for tendon regeneration, as well as the advantages and limitations among them, has been highlighted.
Moreover, the transcriptional and bioactive factors governing tendon healing processes have been
discussed.
Diagnostic Stewardship in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Singhal Lipika , Kour Ivneet , Gupta Varsha 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
A cluster of unknown acute pneumonia cases by a novel coronavirus signaled an outbreak in Wuhan province of China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) initially declared COVID-19 as the global public health emergency on 30th January 2020 and subsequently a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It was also stated that the spread of COVID-19 may be interrupted by early detection, isolation, prompt treatment, and the implementation of a robust system to trace contacts. Testing is a key strategy and the role of Diagnostic Stewardship (DS) is essential to allocate and engage the present as well as new testing resources strategically, effectively, efficiently, and safely. Thus, diagnostic stewardship aims to select the right test for the right patient, at the right time to generate accurate, clinically relevant results which will optimally influence better clinical care outcome and will conserve the available health care resources.
Role of Unani Polyherbal Formulations in the Treatment of Diseases with Special Reference to Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Siddique Yasir Hasan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:Unani system of medicine is based on the use of natural plant products. Unani polyherbal formulations (UPFs) are being prescribed for the treatment of various ailments. The preparations of the UPFs also required the animal products such as honey and umber. UPFs have been reported to cure various diseases but still lack scientific credibility. The Unani system is based on the holistic approach; the synergistic role of the compounds has been suggested to play a protective role against the illness. The present review has compiled the studies carried out on UPFs used to treat various diseases with special reference to neurodegenerative ailments. The exorbitant cost of conventional treatment has led the world to think towards alternative therapy with less cost and no or little side effects compared to conventional treatments. More research is required for UPFs on the experimental models along with the case controlled studies in order to establish UPFs in the mainstream of treatment.
Review of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Approaches for Type 2 Diabetes and Related Disorders
Authors: Saeedi Mohammad , Mehranfar Fatemeh , Ghorbani Fateme , Eskandari Mohammadali , Ghorbani Majid , Babaeizad Ali 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which affects many people around the world, is one of
the diseases that is on the rise. Various studies have revealed that insulin resistance and
lessened insulin production have been associated with T2D, and they also show that this
disease can have a genetic origin and is associated with different genes, such as KCNQ1,
PPAR-γ, calpain-10, ADIPOR2, TCF7L2, which can be utilized as therapeutic targets. Different
therapeutic approaches and strategies such as exercise and diet, pharmacological approaches,
and utilization of nanoparticles in drug delivery and gene therapy can be effective
in the treatment and control of T2D. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodiumglucose
cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) have both been considered as drug classes in the treatment
of T2D and T2D-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and renal disease,
and have considerable influences such as diminished cardiovascular mortality in individuals
with T2D, ameliorated postprandial glycaemia, ameliorated fasting glycaemia, and diminished
bodyweight on disease treatment and improvement process. In the present review
article, we have attempted to explore the risk factors, genes, and diseases associated with
T2D, therapeutic approaches in T2D, the influences of drugs such as dapagliflozin, metformin,
acarbose, Januvia (sitagliptin), and ertugliflozin on T2D in clinical trials and animal
model studies. Research in clinical trials has promising results that support the role of
these drug approaches in T2D prophylaxis and ameliorate safety even though additional
clinical research is still obligatory.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Eutectoid Growth Mn-rich
Ge1-xMnx Dilute Magnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Zhang Xiuxiu , Su Hui , Liu Qinghua 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have attracted great attention in
recent years due to their potential applications in spintronic devices.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of Mn-rich Ge
semiconductors.

Methods:
The magnetic and electronic properties of eutectoid growth Mn-rich Ge1-xMnx dilute magnetic
semiconductors (DMSs) with a high Mn dopant close to the composition of Ge2Mn are investigated
by the first-principles calculations.

Results:
Using the diamond structure models of Ge24Mn8, Ge22Mn10, and Ge20Mn12, we show that
the magnetic interactions of Mn atoms are dominated by ferrimagnetic coupling and that the Mn 3d
states are substantially hybridized with the valence bands of the Ge matrix.

Conclusion:
This indicates that Mn-rich Ge1-xMnx DMSs demonstrate a ferromagnetic and metallic
character, and their carriers can mobilize in the lattice more freely. The present investigation could
provide insights into understanding the nature of transition-metal-rich dilute magnetic semiconductors.
Prediction of Secondary and Tertiary Structure and Docking of Rb1WT
And Rb1R661W Proteins
Authors: Sajid Aimen , Saeed Muhammad Shaoor , Malik Rabbiah Manzoor , Fazal Sahar , Malik Shaukat , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Retinoblastoma, a malignancy occurring in the juvenile cells of the retina,
is responsible for light detection. It is one of the most emerging ra re childhood and infant cancer.
It is initiated by the mutation in Rb1, a first tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 13q14.
Rb1 protein is responsible for cell cycle regulation.

Methods:
In our study, secondary and 3D-Structural predictions of Rb1WT and Rb1R661W were made
by comparative or homology modeling to find any structural change leading to the disruption in its
further interactions. Quality assurance of the structures was done by Ramachandran Plot for a stable
structure. Both the proteins were then applied by docking process with proteins of interest.

Results:
Secondary structure showed a number of mutations in helixes, β-Hairpins of Rb1R661W. The
major change was the loss of β-Hairpin loop, extension and shortening of helixes. 3D comparison
structure showed a change in the groove of Rb1R661W. Docking results, unlike RB1 WT, had different
and no interactions with some of the proteins of interest. This mutation in Rb1 protein had a deleterious
effect on the protein functionality.

Conclusion:
This study will help to design the appropriate therapy and also understand the mechanism
of disease of retinoblastoma, for researchers and pharmaceuticals.
Disinfection of Electrical Hand Dryer Using Plasma and Ozone
Authors: Leung Andrew Y.T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Electric hand dryers are more environmentally friendly than hand towels to eliminate
solid waste and reduce maintenance of refilling. Hand dryers can attract microbes from the floor or
wall. Likewise, hand towel attracts microbes from the environment. We present a two-stage (ozone
and plasma) disinfection electric hand dryer to dry hands through viral free air. Ozone can disinfect
dryers’ wet internal surfaces and air but can be dangerous in high concentrations. We use it for two
seconds to disable microbes by 90%. In air exhaust, there are a pair of plasma generators deactivating
the remaining microbes and ozone at the air outlet. With the combination use of ozone and
plasma, 99.9% of microbes were disabled. Plasma accelerates the neutralization of ozone to oxygen
at the outlet.
Green Synthesis of Deep Ultraviolet Response Nanophosphors with Tunable
Full-visible-spectra Emission for Luminescent Temperature Sensing
Authors: Jiao Yiran , Liu Jun , Wang Fen , Pu Yuan , Cai Fuhong , Wang Dan 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Recently, the CaMoO4 nanocrystal has been viewed as one of the most promising
substrates for rare-earth-doped nanophosphors due to its high density, stable chemical properties,
and good deep-ultraviolet (DUV) responding characteristics.

Aim:
In this work, a green synthesis approach is proposed to obtain rare-earth-doped CaMoO4 nanodispersion
with full-visible-spectra emission by using an ethanol-water mixed solvent in a rotating
packed bed (RPB) reactor.

Method:
The obtained nanophosphors exhibited bright luminescent emission with tunable color in the
range of full-visible-spectra via doping of Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+, when they were excited by deepultraviolet
(DUV) light. The RPB promoted the uniform distribution of rare-earth ions and the crystallinity
of CaMoO4 particles, and the use of ethanol-water as solvents with no toxicity and less environmental
pollution was beneficial for large-scale production.

Result:
The quantum yields for nanophosphors of CaMoO4: Na+, Eu3+, CaMoO4: Na+, Tb3+, and Ca-
MoO4: Na+, Dy3+ were measured to be 46.96 %, 28.05 %, and 10.27 %, respectively, which were
among the highest values ever reported for rare-earth-doped CaMoO4-based nanophosphors with similar
morphology. The temperature-dependent luminescence of CaMoO4: Eu3+, Na+ nanophosphors was
investigated in the range of 298 K - 498 K.

Conclusion:
The clear correlation between luminescence intensity and temperature indicates the potential
novel application areas for CaMoO4: Na+, Eu3+ nanophosphor as a non-invasive thermometer. Upon
regulating different nanophosphor material ratios, the obtained product shows a flexible fluorescence
towards full-visible-spectra emission.
DPP4 Inhibitors: Could they be One of the Solutions for COVID-19 Patients
with Prediabetes?
Authors: Sibiya Ntethelelo Hopewell , Mkhize Bongeka Cassandra , Khathi Andile 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Recent reports suggest that prediabetes is a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19
complications through underlying mechanisms involving undiagnosed sub-clinical inflammation.
However, we remain without a clinical approach for managing COVID-19 in prediabetic cases. The
subclinical inflammation in prediabetes is associated with elevated DPP4 levels and activity. DPP4
has pleiotropic actions, including glycaemia regulation and immuno-modulation. Recently, DPP4 has
been recognised as a co-receptor for COVID-19 for entering host cells. In addition to improving glycaemia,
DPP4 inhibition is associated with reduced inflammation. In this submission, we explore the
potential use of DPP4 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for prediabetic patients in managing the deleterious
effects of COVID-19. DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins), such as linagliptin and sitagliptin, have therapeutic
effects, which have been shown to extend beyond glycaemic control with no risk of hypoglycaemia.
By the nature of their mechanism of action, gliptins are not associated with hypoglycaemia,
unlike their anti-glycaemic counterparts, as they mainly target postprandial glycaemia. Moreover,
DPP4 inhibitors may represent a safer option for prediabetic individuals in managing prediabetes either
as a prophylactic or curative treatment for COVID-19. We envisage that beyond improved glycaemic
control, the use of DPP4 inhibitors would also alleviate the cytokine storm, resulting in a reduction
in the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and consequently reducing the morbidity and mortality
in prediabetic COVID-19 patients.
Evaluating the Role of Veterinarians in the One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Resistance in Jordan
Authors: Bazzi Randa 
Published: January 2022

Background
Antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, are drugs used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the role of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jordanian veterinarians in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and to summarize the registered veterinary drugs between 2017 and 2020.

Methods
The descriptive study data were collected using a standardized questionnaire focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Jordanian veterinarians.

Results
The results were analyzed descriptively and showed that the mean knowledge of the participants who agreed with the statement on AMR definition was 84%. The majority (95.65%) agreed that AMR is a challenge for the veterinary sector in Jordan and should be prioritized among other zoonotic diseases. Around 69% of the participants believe that the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials by quacks—fraudulent and unauthorized practitioners—are the main reasons for AMR challenge. The most common practice among the respondents was recommending clients (farmers, owners, etc) to practice good animal husbandry (80%). The study also revealed that there was a significant difference (P=.02) between attending training about AMR and their professional sector (private, public, and academic).

Conclusions
This study showed the importance of implementing a continuous education program on antimicrobial resistance to improve veterinarians’ knowledge in all aspects of antimicrobial resistance and to increase their advisory skills. Laws should also be enacted to ensure that veterinarians prescribe the correct antimicrobials and improve the surveillance system to monitor the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine.
Working at Sanborns: Gender, Paternalism, and Union Movement (1920-1948)
Authors: Chrisman Kevin M. 
Published: January 2022

Between 1920 and 1948, Sanborns developed into Mexico’s most prestigious social institution. As the business evolved from a drugstore into a modern department store, the owners hired a redominantly female workforce to cater to visiting customers. This work explores how Sanborns adopted a paternalistic labor system and gendered hierarchy over its workforce. Women workers rejected this paternalism, motivated by eruptions of outside organizations, fellow employees, and visiting customers. Workingwomen at Sanborns navigated around gender, race, and class divisions during their work routines. This work observes how precarious labor conditions at Sanborns led to labor movements directed against the store management.
Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organisational Learning And SMEs’ Performance
Authors:   Kwara State University, Akpoviroro Kowo Solomon , Amos Akinbola Olufemi , Olusegun Oyedele Ola ,   University of Agriculture Abeokuta
Published: January 2022

The cornerstone of entrepreneurship is Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and it is one of the significant predictors of SMEs performance. The concept of EO has been widely discussed through previous studies in entrepreneurship, so it can be considered as one of the main topics in this field, and the most commonly used measure of entrepreneurial behaviour or inclination in strategies and entrepreneurship studies. EO has emerged as an area of research, and EO impact studies have become a sub-field in Entrepreneurship Education research. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of organisational learning (OL) on SMEs performance and also to examine the effect of innovative performance on EO. The study population refers to the managers of SMEs registered with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficiency, and regression analysis was employed. The research found that EO affects organisational learning in an SME context. EO has a strong effect on learning and expands learning scope by encouraging companies to challenge the status quo and to make it more flexible and alter the way they work. There is a significant and positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organisational learning within firms because it was revealed that entrepreneurial orientation has different impacts on the individual components of strategic learning. Moreover, the results of the study indicated that EO affects innovative performance. Entrepreneurialism significantly affects innovation and performance. Innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking have a strong impact on creating innovation, and entrepreneurial activity which enhances innovative behaviour. The study recommends that SMEs in Nigeria should be more proactive in developing strategies, improving operations, and paying attention to entrepreneurial orientation and organisational learning. Entrepreneurial orientation behaviours should be strengthened within SMEs, and should take advantage of the outputs in order to develop organisational learning processes, creative performance, corporate performance, improved decision-making processes, and adaptation to a rapidly changing work environment. Additionally, managers of these enterprises should encourage risk-taking in new initiatives and project planning processes.