bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' emotional exhaustion: Prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and association to sick leave depending on care setting—A quantitative secondary analysis
Authors: Petersen Julia , Wendsche Johannes , Melzer Marlen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore differences in the prevalence, psychosocial risk factors and the connection to annual sick leave of nurses' emotional exhaustion depending on the care setting.DesignQuantitative study.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of a cross‐sectional, representative survey with German nurses (BIBB/BAuA‐Employment Survey 2018). We analysed data from three groups of nurses (hospital care HC: n = 333, nursing homes NH: n = 143, home health care HHC: n = 109). We calculated prevalence estimates for all psychosocial risk factors and emotional exhaustion and utilized Χ2‐tests to explore differences relating to the care setting. We calculated risk estimates using logistic regression analyses.ResultsForty‐four per cent of all nurses reported symptoms of emotional exhaustion. Care settings did not affect prevalence estimates (HC: 45.3%, NH: 37.8%, HHC: 50.5%). Weekend work was a risk factor for exhaustion. Being at the limit of efficiency was the only work‐related psychosocial risk factor being independent of the care setting. Emotional demands were a significant risk factor for nurses working in HC and NH, and low team cooperation was a risk factor for nurses working in NH. Nurses' emotional exhaustion is associated with more sick leave days.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of nurses' emotional exhaustion is independent of the care setting. This threatens nurses' health and negatively affects the organization and society due to the relation to sick leave. Weekend work and quantitative demands relate to exhaustion independently of the care context. Emotional demands and low team cooperation show context‐specific correlations.ImpactOrganizational interventions that limit quantitative demands are needed to prevent exhaustion among nurses. In HC and NH, measures are needed to improve coping with emotional demands and to strengthen team cooperation. Policymakers and nursing managers should take action to address nurses' emotional exhaustion.No Patient or Public ContributionDue to the study design.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and modifiable risk factors in patients with Crohn's disease: A prospective observational study
Authors: Fletcher Jane , Brown Michaela , Hewison Martin , Swift Amelia , Cooper Sheldon C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adults with Crohn's Disease (CD) in Birmingham, UK (latitude 52.4°N, −1.9°E) and identify modifiable risk factors.Design/MethodA nurse‐led, single‐centre, prospective study was conducted over 5 months in 2019 and 2020 in outpatients with CD, at a tertiary referral hospital in Birmingham UK. Vitamin D (25OHD) levels were measured at a single timepoint by a dried blood spot sample. Modifiable risk factor data were collected including intake of vitamin D‐containing foods, use of vitamin D supplements, sun exposure and current smoking.ResultsTotal 150 participants (53.3% male, 79.3% white British). Vitamin D deficiency (25OHD <50 nmol/L) was found in 53.3%. 32.7% of participants took over‐the‐counter vitamin D supplements and 20.7% used prescribed supplements. We found that diets were generally poor in relation to vitamin D‐rich foods. In terms of sun exposure, few (18%) had visited a sunny country recently, and few (6%) covered their whole body with clothing. Most used High Sun Protection Factor (80%) with a median grade of SPF 45.ConclusionPatients with CD are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency as defined by 25OHD < 50 nmol/L, with the prevalence of deficiency being highest during the winter months. Patients with CD in the UK are unlikely to maintain vitamin D levels from sunlight exposure, dietary sources or over‐the‐counter supplements.Impact

Patients with Crohn's Disease are at high risk of developing vitamin D deficiency but there is little data from the UK at this latitude.

We demonstrate the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency in people with Crohn's Disease in the UK.

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in this group is high and warrants monitoring by nurses and clinical teams. Nurses and clinical teams should consider strategies for vitamin D supplementation in patients with Crohn's Disease.
Subgingival host–microbiome metatranscriptomic changes following scaling and root planing in grade II/III periodontitis
Authors: Duran‐Pinedo Ana E. , Solbiati Jose , Teles Flavia , Frias‐Lopez Jorge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the dynamics of gene expression by the host and the microbiome in subgingival plaque samples.Materials and MethodsFourteen periodontitis patients were closely monitored in the absence of periodontal treatment for 12 months. During this period, comprehensive periodontal examination and subgingival biofilm sample collection were performed bi‐monthly. After 12 months, clinical attachment level (CAL) data were compiled and analysed using linear mixed models (LMM) fitted to longitudinal CAL measurements for each tooth site. LMM classified the sites as stable (S), progressing (P), or fluctuating (F). After the 12‐month visit, subjects received SRP, and at 15 months they received comprehensive examination and supportive periodontal therapy. Those procedures were repeated at the 18‐month visit, when patients were also sampled. Each patient contributed with one S, one P, and one F site collected at the 12‐ and 18‐month visits. Samples were analysed using Dual RNA‐Sequencing to capture host and bacterial transcriptomes simultaneously.ResultsMicrobiome and host response behaviour were specific to the site's progression classification (i.e., S, P, or F). Microbial profiles of pre‐ and post‐treatment samples exhibited specific microbiome changes, with progressing sites showing the most significant changes. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis was reduced after treatment, while Fusobacterium nucleatum showed an increase in proportion. Transcriptome analysis of the host response showed that interleukin (IL)‐17, TNF signalling pathways, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation were the primary immune response activities impacted by periodontal treatment.ConclusionsSRP resulted in a significant “rewiring” of host and microbial activities in the progressing sites, while restructuring of the microbiome was minor in stable and fluctuating sites.
A low‐density single nucleotide polymorphism panel for brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) suitable for exploring genetic diversity at a range of spatial scales
Authors: Osmond Daniel R. , King R. Andrew , Stockley Bruce , Launey Sophie , Stevens Jamie R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rivers of southern England and northern France which drain into the English Channel contain several genetically unique groups of trout (Salmo trutta L.) that have suffered dramatic declines in numbers over the past 40 years. Knowledge of levels and patterns of genetic diversity is essential for effective management of these vulnerable populations. Using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) data, we describe the development and characterisation of a panel of 95 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for trout from this region and investigate their applicability and variability in both target (i.e., southern English) and non‐target trout populations from northern Britain and Ireland. In addition, we present three case studies which demonstrate the utility and resolution of these genetic markers at three levels of spatial separation:(a) between closely related populations in nearby rivers, (b) within a catchment and (c) when determining parentage and familial relationships between fish sampled from a single site, using both empirical and simulated data. The SNP loci will be useful for population genetic and assignment studies on brown trout within the UK and beyond.
Feasibility of production starch/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) biodegradable materials with microalgal biomass by blown film extrusion
Authors: Gallo‐García Luis Alberto , Peron‐Schlosser Bianca , Carpiné Danielle , de Oliveira Rodolfo Mesquita , Simões Bruno Matheus , Dias Adriana Passos , Yamashita Fabio , Spier Michele Rigon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research aimed to develop blends of corn starch and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) films by blown film extrusion with the addition of biomass of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP). Two ultrasound tracts disrupted CP biomass: ultrasound bath and ultrasonic probe. The influence of CP biomass and disrupted CP biomass on the physical, mechanical, barrier, structural, and thermal properties of starch/PBAT films was evaluated. The film with higher content (5.0%) of CP biomass showed better values in tensile strength (TS) (4.37 MPa) and elongation (88.43%), and lower water vapor permeability (WVP) (5.19 × 10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1) than the film incorporated with disrupted CP biomass. The ultrasound treatment applied to the cell disruption of the microalgae did not present improvements in the properties of the films. In this context, the cell disruption of CP biomass by ultrasound for incorporation into biodegradable films was not feasible. However, it was possible to produce starch/PBAT/microalgae films with potential application as food packaging due to natural bio‐pigmentation's protection system against ultraviolet light.Practical ApplicationsFilms produced by blown extrusion from starch, PBAT, and CP microalgae biomass have the technological potential to be used as packaging for food products. Starch and PBAT blends are widely studied. The incorporation of PBAT is necessary to confer adequate mechanical properties to the extruded material. The plastic industries already use the blown extrusion method, allowing biodegradable packaging development on an industrial scale.
High‐resolution mapping of 33 years of material stock and population growth in Germany using Earth Observation data
Authors: Schug Franz , Frantz David , Wiedenhofer Dominik , Haberl Helmut , Virág Doris , van der Linden Sebastian , Hostert Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlobal societal material stock in buildings and infrastructure have accumulated rapidly within the last decades, along with population growth. Recently, an approach for nation‐wide mapping of material stock at 10 m spatial resolution, using freely available and globally consistent Earth Observation (EO) imagery, has been introduced as an alternative to cost‐intensive cadastral data or broad‐scale but thematically limited nighttime light‐based mapping. This study assessed the potential of EO data archives to create spatially explicit time series data of material stock dynamics and their relation to population in Germany, at a spatial resolution of 30 m. We used Landsat imagery with a change‐aftereffect‐trend analysis to derive yearly masks of land surface change from 1985 onward. Those served as an input to an annual reverse calculation of six material stock types and building volume‐based annual gridded population, based on maps for 2018. Material stocks and population in Germany grew by 13% and 4%, respectively, showing highly variable spatial patterns. We found a minimum building stock of ca. 180 t/cap across all municipalities and growth processes characterized by sprawl. A rapid growth of stocks per capita occurred in East Germany after the reunification in 1990, with increased building activity but population decline. Possible over‐ or underestimations of stock growth cannot be ruled out due to methodological assumptions, requiring further research.
CKL2 mediates the crosstalk between abscisic acid and brassinosteroid signaling to promote swift growth recovery after stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Zhang Tianren , Bai Li , Zhao Shuangshuang , Guo Yan , Li Zhen 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTPlants must adapt to the constantly changing environment. Adverse environmental conditions trigger various defensive responses, including growth inhibition mediated by phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). When the stress recedes, plants must transit rapidly from stress defense to growth recovery, but the underlying mechanisms by which plants switch promptly and accurately between stress resistance and growth are poorly understood. Here, using quantitative phosphoproteomics strategy, we discovered that early ABA signaling activates upstream components of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling through CASEIN KINASE 1‐LIKE PROTEIN 2 (CKL2). Further investigations showed that CKL2 interacts with and phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1), the main BR receptor, to maintain the basal activity of the upstream of BR pathway in plants exposed to continuous stress conditions. When stress recedes, the elevated phosphorylation of BRI1 by CKL2 contributes to the swift reactivation of BR signaling, which results in quick growth recovery. These results suggest that CKL2 plays a critical regulatory role in the rapid switch between growth and stress resistance. Our evidence expands the understanding of how plants modulate stress defense and growth by integrating ABA and BR signaling cascades.
Macroeconomic Effects of Credit Deepening in Latin America
Authors: CARVALHO CARLOS , PASCA NILDA , SOUZA LAURA , ZILBERMAN EDUARDO 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe augment a standard dynamic general equilibrium model with financial frictions, in order to quantify the macroeconomic effects of the credit deepening process observed in Latin America in the 2000s—most notably in Brazil. In the model, a stylized banking sector intermediates credit from patient households to impatient households and entrepreneurs. Motivated by the Brazilian experience, we allow the credit constraint faced by households to depend on labor income. Our model is designed to isolate the effects of credit deepening through demand‐side channels, and abstracts from potential effects of credit supply on total factor productivity. In the calibrated model, credit deepening generates only modest above‐trend growth in consumption, investment, and GDP. Since Brazil has experienced one of the most intense credit deepening processes in Latin America, we argue the quantitative effects that hinge on the channels captured by the model are unlikely to be sizable elsewhere in Latin America.
Inflation and Welfare in a Competitive Search Equilibrium with Asymmetric Information
Authors: CARBONARI LORENZO , MATTESINI FABRIZIO , WALDMANN ROBERT J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study an economy characterized by competitive search and asymmetric information. Money is essential. Buyers decide their cash holdings after observing the contracts posted by firms and experience match‐specific preference shocks which remain unknown to sellers. Firms are allowed to post general contracts. In the baseline model with indivisible goods, we show that, when the number of potential buyers is fixed, inflation decreases markups. This, in turn, increases aggregate output andex antewelfare. When goods are divisible the negative effect of inflation on markups holds for unconstrained agents but is ambiguous for constrained agents. Still, optimal monetary policy implies a positive nominal rate. When there is buyers' free entry, asymmetric information causes a congestion effect that can be corrected by monetary policy.
Oil‐based contrast for hysterosalpingography‐regulated Th1/Th2‐type cytokines and alleviated inflammation in rats with LPS‐induced chronic endometritis
Authors: Huang Qiuyan , Yang Yihua , Yuan Lifang , Zhao Yunxiao , Qin Aiping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe chronic endometritis (CE) prevalence in people experiencing infertility is 2.8–56.8%, pregnancy rates in patients with infertility increase after hysterosalpingography with oil‐based contrast, but the effect and mechanism are not clear. Here, we analyzed the effects of intrauterine ethiodized poppyseed oil (EPO) bathing on a rat model of CE and the possible underlying mechanism.MethodsCE rats were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, and rats were subjected to intrauterine bathing with EPO or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) after model verification. Serum and uterus levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β were detected by ELISA kit, and the number of CD138+ and CD68+ cells and uterine IFN‐γ, IL‐4, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and NF‐κB P65 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry after bathing.ResultsLPS exposure induced the typical CE phenotype with CD138+ phagocyte infiltration of the endometrial stroma. Compared with PBS bathing, bathing with EPO in CE rats showed decreases in the CD138+ and CD68+ cells populations and significant decreases in serum and uterine IFN‐γ levels, moreover, uterine IL‐4 levels were slightly higher, and the IFN‐γ/IL‐4(Th1/Th2‐type cytokine ratio) in the uterus was significantly lower. Local IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and NF‐κB P65 expression in the endometrium was significantly downregulated, while IL‐4 expression was upregulated.ConclusionIntrauterine oil‐based contrast bathing significantly alleviated local inflammation in the rat CE model by downregulating NF‐κB P65 expression, reducing IFN–γ (Th1), increasing IL‐4 levels (Th2) in the endometrium, and regulating the Th1/Th2‐type cytokine trends toward Th2.
The voices of medical education scholarship: Describing the published landscape
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Costello Joseph A. , Ninkov Anton Boudreau , Frank Jason R. , Artino Anthony R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe voices of authors who publish medical education literature have a powerful impact on the field's discourses. Researchers have identified a lack of author diversity, which suggests potential epistemic injustice. This study investigates author characteristics to provide an evidence‐based starting point for communal discussion with the intent to move medical education towards a future that holds space for, and values, diverse ways of knowing.MethodThe authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of all articles published in 24 medical education journals published between 2000 and 2020 to identify author characteristics, with an emphasis on author gender and geographic location and their intersection. Article metadata was downloaded from Web of Science. Genderize.io was used to predict author gender.ResultsThe journals published 37 263 articles authored by 62 708 unique authors. Males were more prevalent across all authorship positions (n = 62 828; 55.7%) than females (n = 49 975; 44.3%). Authors listed affiliations in 146 countries of which 95 were classified as Global South. Few articles were written by multinational teams (n = 3765; 16.2%). Global South authors accounted for 12 007 (11.4%) author positions of which 3594 (3.8%) were female.DiscussionThis study provides an evidence‐based starting point to discuss the imbalance of author voices in medical education, especially when considering the intersection of gender and geographical location, which further suggests epistemic injustice in medical education. If the field values a diversity of perspectives, there is considerable opportunity for improvement by engaging the community in discussions about what knowledge matters in medical education, the role of journals in promoting diversity, how to best use this baseline data and how to continue studying epistemic injustice in medical education.
Brain effect of transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation: A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging evidence
Authors: Rajiah Rebekah , Takahashi Kazuya , Aziz Qasim , Ruffle James K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysfunction in the autonomic nervous system is common throughout many functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) that have been historically difficult to treat. In recent years, transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) has shown promise for improving FGID symptoms. However, the brain effects of tVNS remain unclear, which we investigated by neuroimaging meta‐analysis.MethodsA total of 157 studies were identified, 4 of which were appropriate for inclusion, encompassing 60 healthy human participants. Using activation likelihood analysis estimation, we statistically quantified functional brain activity changes across three domains: (1) tVNS vs. null stimulation, (2) tVNS vs. sham stimulation, and (3) sham stimulation vs. null stimulation.Key ResultstVNS significantly increased activity in the insula, anterior cingulate, inferior and superior frontal gyri, caudate and putamen, and reduced activity in the hippocampi, occipital fusiform gyri, temporal pole, and middle temporal gyri, when compared to null stimulation (all corrected p < 0.005). tVNS increased activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus, left thalamus, caudate, and paracingulate gyrus and reduced activity in right thalamus, posterior cingulate cortex, and temporal fusiform cortex, when compared to sham stimulation (all corrected p < 0.005). Sham stimulation significantly increased activity in the insula and reduced activity in the posterior cingulate and paracingulate gyrus (all corrected p < 0.001), when contrasted to null stimulation.ConclusionsBrain effects of tVNS localize to regions associated with both physiological autonomic regulation and regions whose activity is modulated across numerous FGIDs, which may provide a neural basis for efficacy of this treatment. Functional activity differences between sham and null stimulation illustrate the importance of robust control procedures for future trials.
Genetic variation in sweet taste receptors and a mechanistic perspective on sweet and fat taste sensation in the context of obesity
Authors: Ponnusamy Vinithra , Subramanian Gowtham , Muthuswamy Karthi , Shanmugamprema Deepankumar , Krishnan Vasanth , Velusamy Thirunavukkarasu , Subramaniam Selvakumar 
Published: October 2022

SummaryTaste sensation enables humans to make nutritionally important decisions such as food preference and consumption. It functions as deterministic factors for unpropitious eating behavior, leading to overweight and obesity. The hedonistic feeling on consumption of fat and sugar‐rich meals, in particular, has a negative influence on health. In addition, impairment in the taste receptors alters the downstream signaling of taste transduction pathway. Hence, genetic polymorphism in typical taste receptors is a predictor of taste sensitivity variance across individuals. The present review summarizes the effect of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in sweet taste receptors (T1R2/T1R3) on taste perception among individuals of various body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, in the context of obesity, we discussed the possibility of crosstalk between fat and sweet receptors as well as taste dysfunction in diseased individuals. In overall, a greater understanding of the physiological relationship between taste receptors, altered taste sensitivity, and genetic polymorphisms should lead to more effective obesity prevention approaches.
Does granting managerial autonomy in exchange for accountability mitigate gaming?
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Weijie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo improve organizational performance, the doctrine of performance management states that managers need to be granted autonomy in exchange for accountability for results. However, managers are often held accountable without autonomy in practice. The accountability pressure often causes gaming behaviors. How does granting managerial autonomy in exchange for accountability affect gaming behaviors? To address this question, we investigated how a performance management reform in New York City public schools, the Empowerment Zone, affected two types of gaming behaviors: effort substitution and cream skimming. Utilizing a difference‐in‐differences estimation strategy over multiple periods, we find that the Empowerment Zone experiment mitigates effort substitution and cream skimming in public schools, but the effect is modified by organizational resources. The findings show the potential of fully implementing performance management doctrine in mitigating gaming and suggest that human resources are crucial for realizing the potential.