bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive lipids and metabolic syndrome—a symposium report
Authors: DeVito Loren M. , Dennis Edward A. , Kahn Barbara B. , Shulman Gerald I. , Witztum Joseph L. , Sadhu Sudeshna , Nickels Joseph , Spite Matthew , Smyth Susan , Spiegel Sarah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent research has shed light on the cellular and molecular functions of bioactive lipids that go far beyond what was known about their role as dietary lipids. Bioactive lipids regulate inflammation and its resolution as signaling molecules. Genetic studies have identified key factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome through their effects on lipogenesis. Lipid scientists have explored how these signaling pathways affect lipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, and macrophages by utilizing a variety of techniques in both humans and animal models, including novel lipidomics approaches and molecular dynamics models. Dissecting out these lipid pathways can help identify mechanisms that can be targeted to prevent or treat cardiometabolic conditions. Continued investigation of the multitude of functions mediated by bioactive lipids may reveal additional components of these pathways that can provide a greater understanding of metabolic homeostasis.
A B‐cell or a key player? The different roles of B‐cells and antibodies in melanoma
Authors: Rodgers Chloe B. , Mustard Colette J. , McLean Ryan T. , Hutchison Sharon , Pritchard Antonia L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe B‐cell system plays an important role in the melanoma immune response; however, consensus has yet to be reached in many facets. Here, we comprehensively review human studies only, due to fundamental differences in the humoral response with animal models. Tumour‐infiltrating B‐cells are associated with contradictory prognostic values, reflecting a lack of agreement between studies on cell subset classification and differences in the markers used, particularly the common use of a single marker not differentiating multiple subsets. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) organise T‐cells and B‐cells within tumours to generate a local anti‐tumour response and TLS presence associates with improved survival in response to immune checkpoint blockade, in late‐stage disease. Autoantibody production is increased in melanoma patients and has been proposed as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment/toxicity response; however, no consistent targets are yet identified. The function of antibodies in an anti‐tumour response is determined by its isotype and subclass; IgG4 is immune‐suppressive and robustly correlate with poor patient survival in melanoma. We conclude that the current B‐cell literature needs careful interpretation based on the methods used and that we need a consensus of markers to define B‐cells and associated lymphoid organs. Furthermore, future studies need to not only examine antibody targets, but also isotypes when considering functional roles.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of genomic alterations in acral melanoma
Authors: Broit Natasa , Johansson Peter A. , Rodgers Chloe B. , Walpole Sebastian T. , Hayward Nicholas K. , Pritchard Antonia L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAcral melanoma (AM) tumors arise on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, and nailbeds. A comprehensive systematic meta‐analysis of AM genomic aberrations has not been conducted to date. A literature review was carried out to identify studies sequencing AM. Whole‐genome/exome data from 181 samples were identified. Targeted panel sequencing data from MSK‐IMPACT were included as a validation cohort (n = 92), and studies using targeted hot spot sequencing were also collated for BRAF (n = 26 studies), NRAS (n = 21), and KIT (n = 32). Statistical analysis indicated BRAF, NRAS, PTEN, TYRP1, and KIT as significantly mutated genes. Frequent copy‐number aberrations were also found for important cancer genes, such as CDKN2A, KIT, MDM2, CCND1, CDK4, and PAK1, among others. Mapping genomic alterations within the context of the hallmarks of cancer identified four components frequently altered, including (i) sustained proliferative signaling and (ii) evading growth suppression, (iii) genome instability and mutation, and (iv) enabling replicative immortality. This analysis provides the largest analysis of genomic aberrations in AM in the literature to date and highlights pathways that may be therapeutically targetable.
Approach motivation and loneliness: Individual differences and parasympathetic activity
Authors: Smith Karen E. , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLoneliness, or perceived social isolation, is linked to a number of negative long‐term effects on both mental and physical health. However, how an individual responds to feeling lonely may influence their risk for later negative health outcomes. Here, we sought to clarify what influences variability in individuals' motivated responses to loneliness. Specifically, we assessed whether resting parasympathetic activity, a physiological marker linked to flexible adaptation, facilitates increased approach‐oriented behaviors. Seventy‐four adult participants underwent a conditioning paradigm assessing how they approach and avoid rewards and threats. Individuals with higher levels of loneliness and high resting parasympathetic activity were more likely to demonstrate approach behaviors. We discuss these findings in terms of the role resting parasympathetic activity may play in facilitating adaptive responses to feeling socially isolated.
Disciplining land through data: The role of agricultural technologies in farmland assetisation
Authors: Duncan Emily , Rotz Sarah , Magnan André , Bronson Kelly 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDigital agricultural technologies are promoted for increasing productivity, environmental sustainability and transparency in farming. Critical perspectives on digital agriculture are necessary to frame opportunities and challenges for agricultural communities. However, the ways in which digital agricultural technologies are contributing to land financialisation—bringing land into the global market exchange—remains unexplored. Historically, farmland has been difficult to incorporate into global markets; the complex environments of family ownership have made farms difficult to condition, discipline and control, which has deterred investors. While the outright ownership of farmland has been unappealing to investors until recently, land ownership is becoming increasingly attractive due to technological change and shifts in land management. We use a responsible research and innovation framework to examine the movements in land via digitalisation asking: Who benefits and who loses due to these processes? And what are the consequences? We bring together the agro‐food financialisation scholarship, critical data studies and responsible innovation literature to bear on an analysis of farmer interviews and content from institutional investors. Ultimately, we argue that digital technologies, through their connection with land assetisation, are fostering growing inequities with respect to land access and farmer autonomy, and thus do not presently constitute responsible innovation.
The establishment of winter wheat root system architecture in field soils: The effect of soil type on root development in a temperate climate
Authors: Hobson David J. , Harty Mary A. , Langton David , McDonnell Kevin , Tracy Saoirse R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop in the temperate climates of western Europe. Root system architecture is a significant contributor to resource capture and plant resilience. However, the impact of soil type on root system architecture (RSA) in field structured soils is yet to be fully assessed. This work studied the development of root growth using deep cultivation (250 mm) during the tillering phase stage (Zadock stage 25) of winter wheat across three soil types. The three sites of contrasting soil types covered a geographical area in the UK and Ireland in October 2018. Root samples were analysed using two methods: X‐ray computed tomography (CT) which provides 3D images of the undisturbed roots in the soil, and a WinRHIZO™ scanner used to generate 2D images of washed roots and to measure further root parameters. Important negative relationships existed between soil bulk density and root properties (root length density, root volume, surface area and length) across the three sites. The results revealed that despite reduced root growth, the clay (Southoe) site had a significantly higher crop yield irrespective of root depth. The loamy sand (Harper Adams) site had significantly higher root volume, surface area and root length density compared with the other sites. However, a reduction in grain yield of 2.42 Mt ha−1 was incurred compared with the clay site and 1.6 Mt ha−1 compared with the clay loam site. The significantly higher rooting characteristics found in the loamy sand site were a result of the significantly lower soil bulk density compared with the other two sites. The loamy sand site had a lower soil bulk density, but no significant difference in macroporosity between sites (p > 0.05). This suggests that soil type and structure directly influence crop yield to greater extent than root parameters, but the interactions between both need simultaneous assessment in field sites.
Mutations that alter Arabidopsis flavonoid metabolism affect the circadian clock
Authors: Hildreth Sherry B. , Littleton Evan S. , Clark Leor C. , Puller Gabrielle C. , Kojima Shihoko , Winkel Brenda S. J. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYFlavonoids are a well‐known class of specialized metabolites that play key roles in plant development, reproduction, and survival. Flavonoids are also of considerable interest from the perspective of human health, as both phytonutrients and pharmaceuticals. RNA sequencing analysis of an Arabidopsis null allele for chalcone synthase (CHS), which catalyzes the first step in flavonoid metabolism, has uncovered evidence that these compounds influence the expression of genes associated with the plant circadian clock. Analysis of promoter‐luciferase constructs further showed that the transcriptional activity of CCA1 and TOC1, two key clock genes, is altered in CHS‐deficient seedlings across the day/night cycle. Similar findings for a mutant line lacking flavonoid 3′‐hydroxylase (F3′H) activity, and thus able to synthesize mono‐ but not dihydroxylated B‐ring flavonoids, suggests that the latter are at least partially responsible; this was further supported by the ability of quercetin to enhance CCA1 promoter activity in wild‐type and CHS‐deficient seedlings. The effects of flavonoids on circadian function were also reflected in photosynthetic activity, with chlorophyll cycling abolished in CHS‐ and F3′H‐deficient plants. Remarkably, the same phenotype was exhibited by plants with artificially high flavonoid levels, indicating that neither the antioxidant potential nor the light‐screening properties of flavonoids contribute to optimal clock function, as has recently also been demonstrated in animal systems. Collectively, the current experiments point to a previously unknown connection between flavonoids and circadian cycling in plants and open the way to better understanding of the molecular basis of flavonoid action.
Predictors of cancer‐related fatigue in women with breast cancer undergoing 21 days of a cyclic chemotherapy
Authors: Tsai Hui‐Yu , Wang Chi‐Jane , Mizuno Michiyo , Muta Rieko , Fetzer Susan Jane , Lin Mei‐Feng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most common diagnosis and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide and ranks first among Asian and Taiwanese women. Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) affects patients' functioning significantly.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine changes in cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) and related factors among women with breast cancer undergoing a single chemotherapy, and to identify predictors of CRF’s change over the course of the chemotherapy cycle.MethodsFour self‐report questionnaires were administered to assess CRF, sleep quality, depression and anxiety, and symptom distress. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed to evaluate autonomic nervous system activation related to CRF. Data were collected four times: (1) before initiation of the single chemotherapy cycle (T0), (2) after completion of the single cycle (T1), (3) 1 week post‐chemo (T2), and (4) 3 weeks post‐chemo (T3). Repeated measurement of variance and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were conducted to estimate the trajectories and predictors.ResultsOne‐hundred women with breast cancer (mean age 50.4 ± 9.42) participated. CRF (F = 7.46), sleep quality (F = 2.74), symptom distress (F = 9.99), anxiety (F = 5.72), and depression (F = 4.14) varied significantly over the single cycle of chemotherapy (p < .001), which the trajectories showed exacerbating at T2. HRV indicated a higher variation only on the day of injection (T0, T1). Results of the GEE revealed that anxiety, depression, and symptom distress were predictors of CRF’s change over the single cycle of chemotherapy.Linking Evidence to ActionCRF worsens at 1 week after a chemotherapy injection among Taiwanese women with breast cancer. Based on the risk predictors in CRF that included anxiety, depression, and symptom distress, multistrategy CRF‐alleviating interventions should be provided prior to chemotherapy and targeted at the most disturbed period, that is, 1 week after injection.
Prevalencia y características del acoso y ciberacoso entre adolescentes
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Miguel , Berrocal de Luna Emilio , Alonso Ferres Marta 
Published: February 2022

En el presente artículo, se analizan experiencias de acoso y ciberacoso con el propósito de conocer tanto las características que las envuelven como su prevalencia. Participaron 220 estudiantes desde sexto de educación primaria a primero de bachillerato, escolarizados en centros educativos de la provincia de Granada, seleccionados mediante un muestreo incidental no probabilístico. Para el diseño de la investigación, se optó por un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo no experimental, amparado bajo la técnica de encuesta, utilizando una versión adaptada del cuestionario Ciberbull, utilizado por Giménez et al. (2015). Los resultados mostraron una propensión elevada en ambas manifestaciones de acoso (23.6 % acosadores y 14.1 % victimas), detectando que estas situaciones tendían a disminuir conforme al aumento de la edad del alumnado. Además, se hallaron diferencias, por un lado, en el sexode los sujetos que perpetran acoso (Mhombres = 1.2; DE = 0.4 vs. Mmujeres = 1.09; DE = 0.29) y, por otra parte, en la prevalencia de victimización (β = 0.542, p < 0.05), poniéndose de manifiesto que el hecho de ser acosado, puede ser un valor predictivo de ser víctima de ciberacoso. Por último, se recomienda continuar el estudio, realizando un análisis factorial exploratorio del instrumento, así como ampliando la muestra de participantes.
Variabilidad y cambio en la comprensión de deseos en niños preescolares: un estudio microgenético
Authors: Arroyave Hurtado Juan Pablo , Villada Zapata Johny Andrey , Bermúdez Jaimes Milton Eduardo 
Published: February 2022

Este estudio analiza la capacidad de 14 niños (35% varones) entre 2 y 3 años (M = 2.9; SD = 0.17) para comprender los deseos. La literatura ha dado por sentado que niños de esas edades comprenden deseos simples, amparándose en una postura estructuralista del desarrollo, en la que básicamente hay una descripción de hitos que están relacionados con la edad. En contraposición a esta tradición, este estudio busca dar cuenta del cambio y la variabilidad, apoyándose en la teoría de los Sistemas Dinámicos No Lineales. Por ello, usando el método microgenético, se evaluó durante varias sesiones la capacidad de los niños para usar los deseos de otros para predecir emociones y comportamientos. Se adaptaron las tareas clásicas de Wellman y Wooley (1990), y se les presentaron a los niños en 5 sesiones, en las que había 3 variaciones de las tareas. Los datos se analizaron con la técnica de mínimos y máximos, y se encontraron un conjunto de trayectorias con muchas fluctuaciones, que distan de mostrar desempeños altos y estables como lo afirman estudios previos. Se concluye que en la investigación sobre el desarrollo, las visiones acumulativas y homogéneas dificultan la observación del cambio y de la amplitud del mismo, por ello se requiere hacer hincapié en la variabilidad.
Demonstratingsolarpilot’s Python Application Programmable Interface Through Heliostat Optimal Aimpoint Strategy Use Case
Authors: Hamilton William T. , Wagner Michael J. , Zolan Alexander J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstractsolarpilot is a software package that generates solar field layouts and characterizes the optical performance of concentrating solar power (CSP) tower systems. solarpilot was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as a stand-alone desktop application but has also been incorporated into NREL’s System Advisor Model (SAM) in a simplified format. Prior means for user interaction with solarpilot have included the application’s graphical interface, the SAM routines with limited configurability, and through a built-in scripting language called “LK.” This article presents a new, full-featured, python-based application programmable interface (API) for solarpilot, which we hereafter refer to as CoPylot. CoPylot enables python users to perform detailed CSP tower analysis utilizing either the Hermite expansion technique (analytical) or the SolTrace ray-tracing engine. CoPylot’s enables CSP researchers to perform analysis that was previously not possible through solarpilot’s existing interfaces. This article discusses the capabilities of CoPylot and presents a use case wherein we populate a model that obtains optimal solar field aiming strategies.
Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Momma Haruki , Kawakami Ryoko , Honda Takanori , Sawada Susumu S 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo quantify the associations between muscle-strengthening activities and the risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality in adults independent of aerobic activities.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Data sourcesMEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to June 2021 and the reference lists of all related articles were reviewed.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesProspective cohort studies that examined the association between muscle-strengthening activities and health outcomes in adults aged ≥18 years without severe health conditions.ResultsSixteen studies met the eligibility criteria. Muscle-strengthening activities were associated with a 10–17% lower risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), total cancer, diabetes and lung cancer. No association was found between muscle-strengthening activities and the risk of some site-specific cancers (colon, kidney, bladder and pancreatic cancers). J-shaped associations with the maximum risk reduction (approximately 10–20%) at approximately 30–60 min/week of muscle-strengthening activities were found for all-cause mortality, CVD and total cancer, whereas an L-shaped association showing a large risk reduction at up to 60 min/week of muscle-strengthening activities was observed for diabetes. Combined muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities (versus none) were associated with a lower risk of all-cause, CVD and total cancer mortality.ConclusionMuscle-strengthening activities were inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality and major non-communicable diseases including CVD, total cancer, diabetes and lung cancer; however, the influence of a higher volume of muscle-strengthening activities on all-cause mortality, CVD and total cancer is unclear when considering the observed J-shaped associations.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020219808.
Squalene epoxidase drives cancer cell proliferation and promotes gut dysbiosis to accelerate colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Li Chuangen , Wang Yong , Liu Dabin , Wong Chi Chun , Coker Olabisi Oluwabukola , Zhang Xiang , Liu Changan , Zhou Yunfei , Liu Yali , Kang Wei , To Ka Fai , Sung Joseph JY , Yu Jun 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveAberrant lipid metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, is upregulated in CRC. Here, we aim to determine oncogenic function of SQLE and its interplay with gut microbiota in promoting colorectal tumourigenesis.DesignPaired adjacent normal tissues and CRC from two cohorts were analysed (n=202). Colon-specific Sqle transgenic (Sqle tg) mice were generated by crossing Rosa26-lsl-Sqle mice to Cdx2-Cre mice. Stools were collected for metagenomic and metabolomic analyses.ResultsSQLE messenger RNA and protein expression was upregulated in CRC (p<0.01) and predict poor survival of patients with CRC. SQLE promoted CRC cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle progression and suppressing apoptosis. In azoxymethane-induced CRC model, Sqle tg mice showed increased tumourigenesis compared with wild-type mice (p<0.01). Integrative metagenomic and metabolomic analyses unveiled gut dysbiosis in Sqle tg mice with enriched pathogenic bacteria, which was correlated to increased secondary bile acids. Consistent with detrimental effect of secondary bile acids, gut barrier function was impaired in Sqle tg mice, with reduced tight junction proteins Jam-c and occludin. Transplantation of Sqle tg mice stool to germ-free mice impaired gut barrier function and stimulated cell proliferation compared with control mice stool. Finally, we demonstrated that terbinafine, a SQLE inhibitor, could be repurposed for CRC by synergising with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil to inhibit CRC growth.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that SQLE mediates oncogenesis via cell intrinsic effects and modulation of gut microbiota-metabolite axis. SQLE represents a therapeutic target and prognostic marker in CRC.
COVID-19 infection and outcomes in a population-based cohort of 17 203 adults with intellectual disabilities compared with the general population
Authors: Henderson Angela , Fleming Michael , Cooper Sally-Ann , Pell Jill P , Melville Craig , Mackay Daniel F , Hatton Chris , Kinnear Deborah 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities (ID) may be at higher risk of COVID-19 death. We compared COVID-19 infection, severe infection, mortality, case fatality and excess deaths, among adults with, and without, ID.MethodsAdults with ID in Scotland’s Census, 2011, and a 5% sample of other adults, were linked to COVID-19 test results, hospitalisation data and deaths (24 January 2020–15 August 2020). We report crude rates of COVID-19 infection, severe infection (hospitalisation/death), mortality, case fatality; age-standardised, sex-standardised and deprivation-standardised severe infection and mortality ratios; and annual all-cause mortality for 2020 and 2015–2019.FindingsSuccessful linkage of 94.9% provided data on 17 203 adults with, and 188 634 without, ID. Adults with ID had more infection (905/100 000 vs 521/100 000); severe infection (538/100 000 vs 242/100 000); mortality (258/100 000 vs 116/100 000) and case fatality (30% vs 24%). Poorer outcomes remained after standardisation: standardised severe infection ratio 2.61 (95% CI 1.81 to 3.40) and mortality ratio 3.26 (95% CI 2.19 to 4.32). These were higher at ages 55–64: 7.39 (95% CI 3.88 to 10.91) and 19.05 (95% CI 9.07 to 29.02), respectively, and in men, and less deprived neighbourhoods. All-cause mortality was slightly higher in 2020 than 2015–2019 for people with ID: standardised mortality ratio 2.50 (95% CI 2.18 to 2.82) and 2.39 (95% CI 2.28 to 2.51), respectively.ConclusionAdults with ID had more COVID-19 infections, and worse outcomes once infected, particularly adults under 65 years. Non-pharmaceutical interventions directed at formal and informal carers are essential to reduce transmission. All adults with ID should be prioritised for vaccination and boosters regardless of age.