bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Judicial Crisis in Damascus on the Eve of Baybars’s Reform: The Case of the Minor Orphan Girl (651–55/1253–57)
Authors: Sheibani Mariam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay reconstructs a late-Ayyubid court case in Damascus that was litigated repeatedly between 651/1253 and 655/1257, five years prior to the beginning of Sultan Baybars’s judicial reform in 660/1262. The case involved the marriage of a minor orphan girl. The Shāfiʿī chief justice of Damascus initially permitted the marriage but later instructed his deputy judge to annul it, a move that outraged jurists and elicited a transregional debate. I reconstruct the case proceedings and ensuing controversies primarily from an unpublished treatise by Abū Shāma al-Maqdisī (d. 665/1268), which is partly corroborated by contemporaneous fatwas and historical chronicles. The case illustrates that pre-reform Ayyubid courts lacked the coherent jurisprudence and institutional oversight that might have prevented abuses of power by unscrupulous and inept officials. Although Baybars’s reform has long been recognized as a critical turning point in Islamic legal history, this case exposes the social and institutional dilemmas that the reform sought to address.
Learned law in late medieval Netherlandish practice: Consilia for the congregation of Windesheim (ca. 1415-1500)
Authors: Druwé Wouter 
Published: April 2022

Summary
The Historical Centre of Overijssel in Zwolle and the Royal Library of Belgium in Brussels each conserve a fifteenth-century manuscript collection of legal and moral theological sources, written for the general chapter of the Augustinian canons regular of Windesheim. Both collections contain many ‘consilia’ by learned lawyers, several of whom were active in the prince-bishopric of Liège, at the universities of Paris or Cologne, or – especially – as professors of civil or canon law at the young university of Leuven. These manuscripts have already been the subject of a prosopographical analysis, but so far their content has not been studied. This article provides a substantive analysis of both collections. Topics include many disputes concerning the law of religious communities or regarding the congregation of Windesheim’s relationship to the diocesan bishops, the secular clergy and secular authorities. The volumes also cover diverse fields of the law of succession, contracts or delict.
Arguments related to slavery in seventeenth century Dutch legal theory
Authors: van Nifterik Gustaaf 
Published: April 2022

Summary
The Dutch participated fully in the Transatlantic Slave Trade. The Dutch colonies, it was said, could not do without enslaved workers. But in the Dutch Provinces people were free; the Dutch were freedom loving Christian people. This articles sketches the legal arguments used by the seventeenth century Dutch jurists regarding slavery, and some slavery related topics as freedom and property. It appears that the pro-slavery arguments were so strong that a profound legal discussion among the jurists on the legitimacy of the institution was considered superfluous.
Solomon blindfolded
Authors: Wijffels Alain 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Yvon Le Gall’s collected studies on the concept and representation of kingship in France, from the Middle Ages until modern times, investigate key moments in the history of criminal justice, and in the ascent and ebbing away of the king’s figure at the heart of sovereignty and public governance in French political history. The studies are based on a wide range of documents and works of art, linking central themes of legal and constitutional history to cultural history.
Carbon Nanoparticles for Thyroidectomy and Central Lymph Node Dissection for Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Zhang Rong-jia , Chen Yu-lu , Deng Xian , Yang Hui 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To evaluate whether the application of carbon nanoparticles (CNs) in total or near-total thyroidectomy combined with central lymph node dissection (CLND) for thyroid cancer (TC) is beneficial to lymph node dissection, parathyroid, and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) protection. Methods Relevant literatures were systematically searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Databases until March 31, 2021. All analyses were performed using Revman Manager 5.3 software. The main results were the number of central lymph nodes, the number of central metastatic lymph nodes, accidental parathyroidectomy, postoperative hypoparathyroidism, postoperative hypocalcemia, and postoperative transient RLN paralysis. Results This meta-analysis identified 4 randomized controlled trials and 8 non-randomized controlled trials comprising 1870 patients. Compared with the control, the use of CNs was helpful to dissect more central lymph nodes (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.12-4.98, P < .00001) and central metastatic lymph nodes (WMD: 1.69, 95% CI:1.31-2.08, P < .00001), lower rate of accidental parathyroidectomy (odds ratio [OR]: .33, 95% CI: .23-.47, P < .00001), lower rate of both postoperative transient hypoparathyroidism (OR: .40, 95% CI: .31-.51, P < .00001), and transient hypocalcemia (OR: .37, 95% CI: .27-.51, P < .00001). However, there were no statistical difference between the groups for postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR: .29, 95% CI: .06-1.28, P = .10), postoperative permanent hypocalcemia (OR: .94, 95% CI: .10-9.16, P = .96), and postoperative transient RLN paralysis (OR: .66, 95% CI: .40-1.12, P = .12). Conclusions The application of CNs in total or near-total thyroidectomy combined with CLND for TC can better dissect the central lymph nodes and protect parathyroid glands (PGs) and their function.
Investigating the effectiveness of an adapted professional development model in the adoption of school wellness initiatives
Authors: Pattison Krista , Costigan Heather , Keller Chelsea , Sekhar Deepa 
Published: April 2022

Objective: This study investigated the efficacy of a two-component professional development approach to improving school wellness in Pennsylvania secondary schools. Design: Circle of Wellness (CoW), a year-long, two-phase programme, involved providing Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) workshops to Pennsylvania school staff and administrators, followed by personalised technical assistance to facilitate the implementation of wellness initiatives. Setting: The workshops were provided in-person, with follow-up technical assistance (e.g. phone calls, zoom meetings, real-time editing sessions via Google Drive) delivered remotely. Method: Workshops featured expert presentations, activity stations, and physical resources to meet all 10 components of the WSCC model. After workshop completion, research staff provided support to promote school staff adoption of a wellness action plan grounded in WSCC components. Participants then completed post-programme evaluations rating satisfaction and success with the implementation of their action plans. Results: In a final programme evaluation, 70% of the respondents reported bringing about healthy changes as a result of participating in the CoW programme ( n = 28). In addition, 100% of the school representatives reported that attending the workshop and participating in the programme were a worthwhile experience ( n = 40). Conclusion: Professional development opportunities such as the CoW, which includes follow-up guidance and resources, were well received by school staff, and the understanding gained through participation in such programmes contributed to the sustainability of wellness initiatives.
Adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking following the use of magic mushrooms
Authors: Kopra Emma I , Ferris Jason A , Winstock Adam R , Young Allan H , Rucker James J 
Published: April 2022

Background: Psilocybin-containing mushrooms are used for recreational, spiritual, self-development and therapeutic purposes. However, physiologically relatively nontoxic, adverse reactions are occasionally reported. Aims: This study investigated the 12-month prevalence and nature of magic mushroom-related adverse reactions resulting in emergency medical treatment seeking in a global sample of people reporting magic mushroom use. Methods: We use data from the 2017 Global Drug Survey – a large anonymous online survey on patterns of drug use conducted between November 2016 and January 2017. Results: Out of 9233 past year magic mushroom users, 19 (0.2%) reported having sought emergency medical treatment, with a per-event risk estimate of 0.06%. Young age was the only predictor associated with higher risk of emergency medical presentations. The most common symptoms were psychological, namely anxiety/panic and paranoia/suspiciousness. Poor ‘mindset’, poor ‘setting’ and mixing substances were most reported reasons for incidents. All but one respondent returned back to normality within 24 h. Conclusions: The results confirm psilocybin mushrooms are a relatively safe drug, with serious incidents rare and short lasting. Providing harm-reduction information likely plays a key role in preventing adverse effects. More research is needed to examine the detailed circumstances and predictors of adverse reactions including rarer physiological reactions.
Effectiveness of continuous femoral nerve block for pain relief after total knee arthroplasty: comparison with epidural patient-controlled analgesia and periarticular injection
Authors: Kim Myung Ku , Ko Sang Hyun , Hwang Yoon Joong , Kwon Dae Gyu , Jeon Yoon Sang , Ryu Dong Jin 
Published: April 2022

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes among three analgesic techniques, continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB), epidural patient-controlled analgesia (EPCA) and periarticular injection (PAI), in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods This retrospective case–control study enrolled patients that underwent TKA. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores, sleep disturbance, additional opioid consumption and incidence of opioid-related side-effects were assessed. Results A total of 120 patients were categorized into three groups: EPCA (group A, n = 40), PAI (group B, n = 40) and CFNB (group C, n = 40). Group C had significantly lower VAS pain scores than groups A and B at 8, 12 and 24 h after TKA. There were no significant differences in VAS pain scores among the three groups from 48 h after TKA. Sleep quality on the first day after surgery was significantly better in group C than in groups A and B. Additional opioid consumption was significantly lower in the group C than in the groups A and B. Group C showed a lower rate of opioid-related side-effects than groups A and B. Conclusion CFNB was a more effective additional analgesic technique than EPCA or PAI for acute postoperative pain control within 24 h of TKA.
Effect of chronic hydroxychloroquine use on COVID-19 risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter retrospective cohort
Authors: Walbi Ismail A. , Albarqi Hassan A. , Alghanim Nayef Saleh , Albadi Marzooq Abdullah , Al Maimouni Hesham Mohammed , Alkahtani Saad Ahmed , Alshabi Ali Mohamed , Alali Amer S. , Alqahtani Faleh , Al-Najjar Amal Hassan , Hazzazi Mohammad A , Alanazi Deemah S , Sabei Abdulrahman Abdulaziz , Alsaweed Omer S , Alajra Rahaf K , Alqhtani Hussain 
Published: April 2022

Objective Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of its reported anti-viral activity. This study examined the association of chronic HCQ use with the incidence and complications of COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study included adults with rheumatoid arthritis and/or systemic lupus erythematosus who visited rheumatology clinics in three tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2019 and December 2020. Patients were categorized into two groups based on HCQ use. Data were obtained from the electronic health record and by interviews with patients. The primary study objective was the incidence of COVID-19 and its complications from March 2020 to February 2021. Results Almost 11% of the study cohort was positive for COVID-19, and the incidence of COVID-19 was similar between HCQ users (11.11%) and nonusers (10.86%). Disease complication rates were similar in the study arms, and they mainly included fever, dry cough, fatigue, and breathing difficulty. Conclusions This study revealed no significant association between chronic HCQ use and the incidence of COVID-19, and disease complications were similar in the study arms.
Rheopheresis: A narrative review
Authors: Kosmadakis George 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Rheopheresis is an extracorporal selective double-filtration procedure with an initial separation of plasma from the whole blood and a further filtration of the plasma through a second filter in order to eliminate a certain number of high molecular weight proteins such LDL, Lp(a), fibrinogen, α2-macroglobulin, Factor von Willebrand, and IgM Immunoglobulin. Methods: In this narrative review we discuss the available data on the effects of Rheopheresis in various clinical conditions. Results: Rheopheresis is considerd to exert a rapid effect on clinical conditions associated with seriously affected microcirculation and rheologic parameters such as, the dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHS), peripheral artery disease (PAD), calciphylaxis, systemic sclerosis and diabetic foot. Conclusions: Rheopheresis is a promising technique for conditions associated with affected microcirculatory rheologic parameters
Evodiamine suppresses the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Li Yuting , Wang Yuming , Wang Xiaoqun , Jin Lulu , Yang Lu , Zhu Jinli , Wang Hongwu , Zheng Fang , Cui Huantian , Li Xiaojiang , Jia Yingjie 
Published: April 2022

Background Evodiamine (EVO) is one of the major components isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.). Recent studies have shown that EVO has an anti-cancer effect. However, the pharmacological mechanism by which EVO impacts cancer is still poorly understood. Objectives This study focused on asking the anti-cancer effect of EVO in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and in particular to investigate whether EVO acts via modulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis pathway. Materials and Methods A Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mouse model was treated with low-dose EVO (5 mg/kg) and high-dose EVO (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 d. The effects of EVO on tumor growth, apoptosis, and ERS were assessed. In addition, NSCLC A549 and LLC cells were treated with EVO in vitro. The effects of EVO on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ERS were investigated. Finally, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ERS inhibitor, was used to validate whether EVO induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by modulating ERS. Results EVO treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in LLC tumor-bearing mice. H&E staining indicated that EVO treatment reduced the number of tumor cells and the nucleo-plasmic ratio. Immunostaining showed that EVO treatment significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67. TUNEL staining revealed that EVO induced apoptosis in the tumor. Likewise, EVO treatment up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins and increased activation of the ERS pathway in the tumor. Additionally, EVO inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptotic rates in A549 and LLC cells. EVO also increased the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway in vitro. The effects of EVO on apoptosis were abolished by 4-PBA treatment. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that EVO suppresses the progression of NSCLC by modulating the ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway.
Trends in risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections among youth presenting to a sexually transmitted infection clinic in the United States, 2013–2017
Authors: Rusley Jack C , Tao Jun , Koinis-Mitchell Daphne , Rosenthal Alex E , Montgomery Madeline C , Nunez Hector , Chan Philip A 
Published: April 2022

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYA) across the United States. However, data are scarce on trends in condom use, number of partners, and other STI risk factors among AYA. The present study evaluated associations between sexual behaviors and STI diagnoses over time among AYA. Methods: We evaluated linked encounters of AYA aged 13–26 attending an urban Northeast public STI clinic from 2013–2017. Demographics, risk behaviors, self-reported past year and lifetime STI, and STI diagnosis during clinic encounter (positive test for urine, oral, or anal chlamydia; urine, oral, or anal gonorrhea; urine trichomonas; HIV; and syphilis) were extracted from electronic health records. We estimated prevalence and performed trend analyses of the repeated cross-sectional data. Cochran–Armitage and Kruskal–Wallis trend test were conducted for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: Among 3822 encounters, clinical STIs demonstrated statistically significant increases including chlamydia (+9%, p = 0.001), gonorrhea (+5%, p = 0.008), and syphilis (+3%, p = 0.006) all of which significantly increased over time, as did any STI (+10%, p < 0.001). HIV and trichomonas rates remained low and unchanged. Self-reported STI increased as well, both past year (+9%) and lifetime (+14%). Greater proportions of AYA reported multiple partners (+9%, p < 0.001), and condomless oral (+12%, p = 0.001) and vaginal/anal (+7%, p = 0.001) sex. Conclusion: Among AYA presenting to a STI clinic, the proportion who engaged in condomless sex and had multiple partners increased over a 5 year period, which corresponded to increased STI prevalence during this period. Preventions efforts for AYA should continue to emphasize the importance of condoms and partner selection.
Self-sampling for cervical screening offered at the point of invitation: A cross-sectional study of preferences in England
Authors: Drysdale Hannah , Marlow Laura AV , Lim Anita , Sasieni Peter , Waller Jo 
Published: April 2022

Objectives This study assessed preferences for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling if offered as an alternative to clinician-based screening at the point of invitation for cervical screening. Setting and Methods An online questionnaire was completed by screening-eligible women living in England (n = 3672). Logistic regressions explored associations between demographic characteristics and screening preferences, stratified by previous screening attendance. Reasons for preferences were also assessed. Results Half of participants (51.4%) intended to choose self-sampling, 36.5% preferred clinician screening, 10.5% were unsure, and <2% preferred no screening. More irregular and never attenders chose self-sampling, compared with regular attenders (71.1% and 70.1% vs. 41.0% respectively). Among regular attenders, self-sampling was preferred more frequently by the highest occupational grade, older and lesbian, gay and bisexual women, and those with experience of blood self-tests. In the irregular attender group, older women and those with experience of blood self-tests were more likely to choose self-sampling. In ‘never attenders’, self-sampling was less popular in ethnic minority groups. Conclusions If offered a choice of screening, around half of women in England may choose self-sampling, but a substantial proportion would still opt for clinician screening. Screening providers will need to manage a high take-up of self-sampling if many regular attenders switch to self-sampling.
Sequential retinal pigment epithelium tears following intravitreal Ranibizumab injections for age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Agrawal Rohit , Thomas Sherina , Reddy Nikitha Gurram , Gupta Aditi , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Chhablani Jay 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To report a case of sequential retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears following intravitreal Ranibizumab injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Retrospective, observational case Case description A 75-year-old hypertensive male was diagnosed with active neovascular AMD and pre-existing RPE tear in the left eye. His presenting best-corrected visual acuity was counting finger @ 1 metre, <N36 in the right eye and 6/9, N8 in the left eye respectively. The right eye fundus had a scarred choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) with extensive hard exudates. The left eye fundus showed active CNV, subretinal fluid and haemorrhage and a large RPE tear inferior to the fovea with rolled up margins. Following treatment with intravitreal Ranibizumab injection (Accentrix®, Alcon, 0.5 mg/0.05 ml) at monthly intervals, patient developed two extra RPE tears following each injection adjacent to the existing RPE tear. At the final follow-up visit, his CNV had regressed and visual acuity was maintained at 6/6, N6. No additional RPE tears were noted. Conclusion Pathogenesis of sequential RPE tears remains unclear. There is a need to look out for new RPE tears which can affect vision in a patient with neovascular AMD following CNV treatment.
Single-hand preloaded intraocular lens implantation through a screw-type single use injector
Authors: Danese Carla , El Jabali Abdallah , Lanzetta Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Introduction The most common intraocular lens (IOL) injectors are syringe- and screw-type. Screw-type injectors are useful to control IOL injection speed, but the surgeon needs to use both hands during implantation. It may result in a lack of eye stability, especially under topical anesthesia. Methods In this paper a single hand implantation technique is described. The second hand is used to hold a second instrument into the anterior chamber in order to stabilize the eye and aid the correct IOL positioning into the capsular bag. Results Surgery was performed uneventfully on six eyes of four patients, affected by senile corticonuclear cataract. In all cases the operation was conducted without complications. All the IOLs were well centered. Conclusions The technique is safe and easy to replicate, however the shape of the injector plunger needs to be adequate.
Risk factors of infection of totally implantable venous access port: A retrospective study
Authors: Guan Xiaonan , Yan He , Zhang Jianjun , Li Yanbing , Zhou Yiming 
Published: April 2022

Background: Infection is the most frequent complication associated with the use of totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP). This retrospective study was conducted to determine the risk factors affecting TIVAP-related infection. Methods: A total of 1406 patients implanted with TIVAP at our center were included in this retrospective study. Incidence of perioperative infection, patient characteristics and bacteriologic data were retrieved and analyzed. Univariable analyses and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors. Results: Overall, 72 (5.1%) patients had perioperative infection, and TIVAP was finally removed from 12 (0.85%) patients. There was significantly more hematologic malignancy in the infection group, compared to the non-infection group. Patients with chemotherapy and infection within 30 days before operation also had more infections. There were more inpatients in the infection group than in the non-infection group. The rate of hematoma was higher in the infected patients. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that hematoma (OR 5.695, p < 0.001), preoperative hospital stay (⩾14d) (OR 2.945, p < 0.001), history of chemotherapy (OR 2.628, p = 0.002), history of infection (within 30 days) (OR 4.325, p < 0.001) were independent risk factor for infection. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that hematoma, preoperative hospital stay (⩾14d), history of chemotherapy and history of infection (within 30 days) are independent risk factor for all patients.