bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The seed‐specific transcription factor DPBF2 modulates the fatty acid composition in seeds
Authors: Kim Inyoung , Lee Kyeong‐Ryeol , Park Mid‐Eum , Kim Hyun Uk 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriacylglycerol (TAG), an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (FAs), is synthesized during seed development and controlled by transcriptional regulation. We examined the mechanism regulating the FA composition of developing Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. The seed‐specific DC3 PROMOTER‐BINDING FACTOR2 (DPBF2) transcription factor was upregulated by LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2). DPBF2 showed transcriptional activity in yeast and localized to the nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplast cells. The Arabidopsis dpbf2‐1 homozygous T‐DNA mutant and transgenic lines overexpressing of DPBF2 using a seed‐specific phaseolin promoter in wild‐type (WT) Arabidopsis and in dpbf2‐1 showed similar FA composition profiles in their seeds. Their 18:2 and 20:1 FA contents were higher, but 18:1 and 18:3 contents were lower than that of WT. Transcript levels of FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2), FAD3, LYSOPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (LPCAT1), LPCAT2, PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE DIACYLGLYCEROL CHOLINEPHOSPHOTRANSFERASE (PDCT), and FATTY ACID ELONGASE 1 (FAE1) are increased in DPBF2‐overexpressing seeds. Besides, PDCT and FAE1 were upregulated by DPBF2, LEC1‐LIKE (L1L), and NUCLEAR FACTOR‐YC2 (NF‐YC2) transcriptional complex based on tobacco protoplast transcriptional activation assay. These results suggest that DPBF2 effectively modulates the expression of genes encoding FA desaturases, elongase, and acyl‐editing enzymes for modifying the unsaturated FA composition in seeds.
Soy isoflavones protects against cognitive deficits induced by chronic sleep deprivation via alleviating oxidative stress and suppressing neuroinflammation
Authors: Lu Cong , Wei Zhen , Jiang Ning , Chen Ying , Wang Yongquan , Li Shuying , Wang Qiong , Fan Bei , Liu Xinmin , Wang Fengzhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that there is a close association between chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) and cognitive deficits. The animal model of CSD‐induced cognitive deficits is commonly used to seek potential treatments. Soy isoflavones (SI) have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, the effects of SI on CSD‐induced memory impairment were investigated. The mice were subjected to the sleep interruption apparatus and continuously sleep deprived for 2 weeks, while orally administrated with SI (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) or Modafinil (MOD,100 mg/kg) during the CSD process. Immediately after the SD protocol, cognitive performance of mice was evaluated by the object location recognition (OLR) test, the novel object recognition (NOR) test, and the Morris water maze (MWM) task, as well as the hippocampus, was extracted for evaluation of oxidative stress parameters and inflammation levels through biochemical parameter assay and western blotting analysis. The results showed that SI administration remarkably improved the cognitive performance of CSD‐treated mice in OLR, NOR, and MWM tests. In addition, SI significantly elevated total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities, decreased malondialdehyde level, promoting antioxidant element nuclear erythroid‐2‐related factor 2, and its downstream targets, including heme oxygenase 1, and quinone oxidoreductase 1 protein expressions. Moreover, SI treatment significantly suppressed nuclear factor kappa B p65, nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 activation, as well as the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], and interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β]) release in the hippocampus of CSD‐treated mice. In summary, the current study provides an insight into the potential of SI in treatment of cognitive deficits by CSD.
A new deep‐learning model using YOLOv3 to support sperm selection during intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure
Authors: Sato Takuma , Kishi Hiroshi , Murakata Saori , Hayashi Yuki , Hattori Toshiyuki , Nakazawa Shinji , Mori Yusuke , Hidaka Miwa , Kasahara Yuta , Kusuhara Atsuko , Hosoya Kayo , Hayashi Hiroshi , Okamoto Aikou 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo create and evaluate a machine‐learning model for YOLOv3 that can simultaneously perform morphological evaluation and tracking in a short time, which can be adapted to video data under an inverted microscope.MethodsJapanese patients who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection at the Jikei University School of Medicine and Keiai Reproductive and Endosurgical Clinic from January 2019 to March 2020 were included. An AI model that simultaneously performs morphological assessment and tracking was created and its performance was evaluated.ResultsFor morphological assessment, the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of this model for abnormal sperm were 0.881 and 0.853, respectively. The sensitivity and PPV for normal sperm were 0.794 and 0.689, respectively. For tracking performance, among the 51 objects, 40 (78.4%) were mostly tracked, 11 (21.6%) were partially tracked, and 0 (0%) were mostly lost.ConclusionsThis study showed that evaluating sperm morphology while tracking in a single model is possible by training YOLO v3. This model could acquire time‐series data of one sperm, which will assist in acquiring and annotating sperm image data.
Comparison of the Two Carbon Allotropes as Solid Support: Catalytic Efficiency of the Supported Metalloporphyrins for the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Nejabat Fatemeh , Rayati Saeed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present research, a new method for the aerobic oxidation of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketone was developed in the presence of two supported metalloporphyrins. The prepared heterogenized catalysts were fully characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) and Ultra Violet‐Visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy. The role of structural and textural properties of carbon‐based materials as solid support on the catalytic efficiency of the supported catalysts was compared with each other and the results shows higher efficiency of the supported Fe‐porphyrin on multi‐walled carbon nanotube [Fe(THPP)Cl/MWCNT] compared to the anchored Fe‐porphyrin on the graphene oxide [Fe(THPP)Cl/GO]. The study on the aerobic oxidation of alcohols in the presence of the supported Fe‐porphyrins proved that the addition of isobutyraldehyde as reducing agent in several portions during the catalytic reaction significantly increased the product yields. The separation and recovery of the nanocatalyst was simple, effective and economical in this green oxidation method and the supported catalyst can reuse at least eight times without significant loss of activity.
Phenothiazine‐Tethered Biaryls as Fluorescent Probes for Multi‐Analyte Detection
Authors: Santharam Roja Somi , Raja Rubina Stephen , Shylaja Adaikalam , Kumar Raju Ranjith 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe one‐pot three‐component domino reaction of 2‐acetylphenothiazine, 4‐Cl/4‐Me benzaldehyde and malononitrile afforded 3‐amino‐4′‐chloro/4′‐methyl‐5‐(10H‐phenothiazin‐2‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,4‐dicarbonitriles in good yields. These phenothiazine‐tethered biaryls exhibited strong red fluorescence under UV lamp in solid state and green fluorescence in DMSO. These probes were sensitive towards multi‐analytes like Fe3+, Cu2+, picric acid and 4‐nitrophenol with good lower limit of detection.
Seasonal Qualitative Variations of Phenolic Content in the Stem Bark of Prunus persica var. nucipersica ‐ Implication for the Use of the Bark as a Source of Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Beszterda Monika , Frański Rafał 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe seasonal variations of the phenolic content in the stem bark of Prunus persica var. nucipersica were analyzed by using high pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Great differences were observed for flavanone 5‐O‐glycosides, rutin and acetylated p‐coumaroylsucrose conjugates containing 0–4 acetyl groups. It is a matter of discussion in which period of the year, May‐August or September‐April, the bark of Prunus persica is the most valuable source of bioactive constituent. If the presence of rutin is desirable, May‐August is the appropriate harvest period, whereas September‐April is appropriate if the presence of flavanone 5‐O‐glycosides is of interest.
2,2′‐Azodi(2‐methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) Promoted Alkenylation of Cyclic Ethers via Radical Addition to β‐Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Shan Xiaojie , Gao Pan , Zhang Shuwei , Jia Xiaodong , Yuan Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt is reported the alkenylation of cyclic ethers via radical addition to β‐nitrostyrenes in the presence of AMBN without any other additives under mild conditions. A wide range of β‐nitrostyrenes and various ethers are tested in this reaction, most cases are happed smoothly with excellent to good yields. Cyclohexane also could be reacted under the conditions with moderate yield. According to the control experiments, the reaction mechanism was proposed. It is found that AMBN could induce to hydrogen abstraction from sp3 carbon under oxygen atmosphere. This reaction system possesses the advantages of very high reactivity, stability, and convenient preparation method. Especially, it is very useful in the pharmacy industry due to the metal‐free and easy treatment conditions.
Interfacial Rearrangements of Block Copolymer Micelles Toward Gelled Liquid–Liquid Interfaces with Adjustable Viscoelasticity
Authors: Prasser Quirin , Steinbach Daniel , Münch Alexander S. , Neubert Richard , Weber Christian , Uhlmann Petra , Mertens Florian , Plamper Felix A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThough amphiphiles are ubiquitously used for altering interfaces, interfacial reorganization processes are in many cases obscure. For example, adsorption of micelles to liquid–liquid interfaces is often accompanied by rapid reorganizations toward monolayers. Then, the involved time scales are too short to be followed accurately. A block copolymer system, which comprises poly(ethylene oxide)110‐b‐poly{[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]diisopropylmethylammonium chloride}170 (i.e., PEO110‐b‐qPDPAEMA170 with quaternized poly(diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate)) is presented. Its reorganization kinetics at the water/n‐decane interface is slowed down by electrostatic interactions with ferricyanide ([Fe(CN)6]3–). This deceleration allows an observation of the restructuring of the adsorbed micelles not only by tracing the interfacial pressure, but also by analyzing the interfacial rheology and structure with help of atomic force microscopy. The observed micellar flattening and subsequent merging toward a physically interconnected monolayer lead to a viscoelastic interface well detectable by interfacial shear rheology (ISR). Furthermore, the “gelled” interface is redox‐active, enabling a return to purely viscous interfaces and hence a manipulation of the rheological properties by redox reactions. Additionally, interfacial Prussian blue formation stiffens the interface. Such manipulation and in‐depth knowledge of the rheology of complex interfaces can be beneficial for the development of emulsion formulations in industry or medicine, where colloidal stability or adapted permeability is crucial.
Hybrid Deep Learning Crystallographic Mapping of Polymorphic Phases in Polycrystalline Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films
Authors: Kim Young‐Hoon , Yang Sang‐Hyeok , Jeong Myoungho , Jung Min‐Hyoung , Yang Daehee , Lee Hyangsook , Moon Taehwan , Heo Jinseong , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Eunha , Kim Young‐Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBy controlling the configuration of polymorphic phases in high‐k Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films, new functionalities such as persistent ferroelectricity at an extremely small scale can be exploited. To bolster the technological progress and fundamental understanding of phase stabilization (or transition) and switching behavior in the research area, efficient and reliable mapping of the crystal symmetry encompassing the whole scale of thin films is an urgent requisite. Atomic‐scale observation with electron microscopy can provide decisive information for discriminating structures with similar symmetries. However, it often demands multiple/multiscale analysis for cross‐validation with other techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, due to the limited range of observation. Herein, an efficient and automated methodology for large‐scale mapping of the crystal symmetries in polycrystalline Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films is developed using scanning probe‐based diffraction and a hybrid deep convolutional neural network at a 2 nm2 resolution. The results for the doped hafnia films are fully proven to be compatible with atomic structures revealed by microscopy imaging, not requiring intensive human input for interpretation.
Two‐Photon 3D Printing in Metal–Organic Framework Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Yusheng , Su Yuming , Zhao Yi , Wang Zhiye , Wang Cheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization (TPP) is a micro/nano‐fabrication technology for additive manufacturing, enabling 3D printing of polymeric materials using ultrafast laser pulses. In this work, two‐photon polymerization is realized inside a metal–organic framework (MOF) crystal. Intricate structures are built in the porous crystal to create a microstructure‐in‐crystal hybrid. Furthermore, the MOF can be removed by acid treatment to release the printed structure. The two‐photon polymerization inside the crystal has the potential for MOF sensing device fabrication and data storage applications. In the future development, printing different materials in the same MOF crystal for creating functional 3D devices is hoped.
A review of bus arrival time prediction using artificial intelligence
Authors: Singh Nisha , Kumar Kranti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBuses are one of the important parts of public transport system. To provide accurate information about bus arrival and departure times at bus stops is one of the main parameters of good quality public transport. Accurate arrival and departure times information is important for a public transport mode since it enhances ridership as well as satisfaction of travelers. With accurate arrival‐time and departure time information, travelers can make informed decisions about their journey. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) based methods/algorithms to predict the bus arrival time (BAT) is reviewed in detail. Systematic survey of existing research conducted by various researchers by applying the different branches of AI has been done. Prediction models have been segregated and are accumulated under respective branches of AI. Thorough discussion is presented to elaborate different branches of AI that have been applied for several aspects of BAT prediction. Research gaps and possible future directions for further research work are summarized.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Science and Technology
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Technologies > Prediction
The Code of Silence and Disciplinary Fairness
Authors: Kutnjak Ivković Sanja , Maskály Jon , Kule Ahmet , Haberfeld Maria Maki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter expands the police integrity approach by focusing on the link between the evaluations of disciplinary fairness and the code of silence. Based on the writings by Klockars and Kutnjak Ivković (The code of silence and the Croatian police. In Pagon M (ed) Policing in central and Eastern Europe: organizational, managerial, and human resource aspects. College of Police and Security Studies, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 329–347, 1998), this chapter presents three potential theoretical approaches hypothesizing the relationship between police officers’ willingness to report misconduct and disciplinary fairness. We rely on the data from one mid-sized police department in the United States to test the effects across 12 scenarios depicting police corruption, use of excessive force, interpersonal deviance, and organizational deviance. Our multivariate models show that perceptions of disciplinary fairness are independently related to the police officers’ willingness to adhere to the code of silence. Discipline that is viewed as too harsh does not entice police officers to report; rather, in such cases, police officers are more likely to say that they would not report than police officers who evaluated discipline as fair. The effects are not as clear for the cases in which police officers evaluated discipline as too lenient.
Beschreibung und Einordnung der Covid-19-Pandemie
Authors: Grill Eva , Lange Berit 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Menschheitsgeschichte ist auch eine Geschichte ihrer Pandemien. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die typischen Charakteristika von Pandemien am Beispiel historischer und gegenwärtiger Ausbrüche übertragbarer Erkrankungen und ordnet die Covid-19-Pandemie hier ein. Ziel des Beitrages ist es, die Besonderheiten der Covid-19-Pandemie aus epidemiologischer Sicht darzustellen, die einen Einblick auf ihren Verlauf geben. Neuheit des Erregers, fehlende Populationsimmunität, hohe Befallsrate, schnelle Ausbreitung, hohe Infektiosität Pathogenität sowie weite und schnelle geographische Verbreitung werden als Charakteristika eines pandemischen Erregers diskutiert. Neben den Eigenschaften des Erregers begünstigen weitere Faktoren, dass Pandemien entstehen. Das sind unter anderem die individuelle Suszeptibilität des Individuums, die soziale Lage, politische Systeme und in der Neuzeit die Auswirkungen der Klimakatastrophe. Die Folgen der Covid-19-Pandemie betreffen nicht nur die individuelle Gesundheit, sondern die Leistungsfähigkeit von Gesundheitsversorgung und Prävention, die wirtschaftliche Stabilität von Volkswirtschaften und Regionen, aber auch den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt. Allerdings haben Pandemien in der Vergangenheit aber auch die Entwicklung medizinischen Wissens, epidemiologischer Methodik und akademischer und praktischer Public-Health-Strukturen vorangebracht. Für den Verlauf der Covid-19-Pandemie wird relevant sein, wie sich Populationsimmunität und Impfkampagnen entwickeln, welche Virusvarianten entstehen und wie erfolgreich politische Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung sind.
Stationäre Versorgung und Patientensteuerung während der Covid-19-Pandemie in Israel
Authors: Brammli-Greenberg Shuli , Buda Inon , Weiss Yoram 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
Wie in vielen anderen Länder kam es Ende Februar 2020 auch in Israel zu den ersten flächendeckenden Covid-19-Ausbrüchen. Die Pandemie, die inzwischen seit mehr als 18 Monaten andauert, wies mehrere aufeinanderfolgende Wellen auf, die meist mit dem Auftreten neuer Varianten des SARS-CoV-2-Virus zusammenhingen. Die Verantwortlichen in allen Bereichen des Gesundheitswesens mussten sich an die Situation anpassen, mit großen Unsicherheiten umgehen und tagtäglich Lösungen finden, um trotz Personalknappheit und mangelnder Schutzausrüstung die gesamte Bevölkerung – mit oder ohne Covid-19 – zu versorgen.
Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die stationäre Versorgung und die Patientensteuerung in Israel während der Covid-19-Pandemie. Angesichts der Erkenntnis, dass das Krankenhausmanagement in der Lage sein muss, auf ständige Veränderungen rasch zu reagieren und sich an die weiterhin vorliegenden pandemischen Bedingungen anzupassen, um allen Patientinnen und Patienten die bestmögliche medizinische Versorgung zu bieten, schlagen die Autoren einen vierstufigen Aktionsplan vor, den das Krankenhaussystem in Erwägung ziehen sollte, um der anhaltenden Covid-19-Pandemie besser begegnen zu können.
Die Pandemie und die zunehmende Bedeutung der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit: Der Versuch einer wirtschaftsethischen und gesundheitsökonomischen Analyse
Authors: Beivers Andreas 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Pandemie und die daraus resultierende (Welt-)Wirtschaftskrise reißt tiefe Löcher in das Finanzierungssystem der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen – und damit auch in die Krankenhausfinanzierung. Es droht die Gefahr impliziter Rationierung und ein Handeln im Affekt mit Spar-Gesetzen, die schnelle Wirkung entfalten. Die Frage nach der gerechten Allokation knapper Ressourcen stellte und stellt sich in mannigfaltiger Art und Weise. Auch die Ausgleichszahlungen für Krankenhäuser in der Pandemie führen zu Verteilungseffekten, die kontrovers diskutiert wurden. Im Zwischenfazit scheinen sich sehr unterschiedliche Effekte auf Krankenhausebene abzuzeichnen, die zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt leider noch nicht abschließend und mit der nötigen Validität beurteilt werden können. Der effiziente Einsatz knapper Ressourcen hingegen ist eine zentrale Grundlage ökonomischen Denkens und reicht lange zurück: Mit Fragen des gerechten Preises hat sich schon Aristoteles im Rahmen der nikomachischen Ethik beschäftigt. Führende Wohlfahrtsökonomen attestieren, dass keine Konkurrenz zwischen Effizienz und Verteilungsgerechtigkeit existiert. Es ist Zeit für ein Umdenken, für das Etablieren neuer, gerechter Ansätze. Zeit, mit neuen Anreizen Effizienz und Gerechtigkeit gegenüber allen Beteiligten zu verbinden. Zeit, auch wirtschaftsethische und philosophische Ansätze zu integrieren. Zeit für einen neuen, moralisch geformten Ordnungsrahmen auch im Gesundheitswesen, wie es Homann fordert. Klassische, ökonomische Anreize werden sicherlich helfen, greifen aber alleine zu kurz, wie die Historie zeigt. Es ist Zeit anhand von konkreten Verteilungsprinzipien einen neuen, moralisch geformten Ordnungsrahmen zu schaffen. Ein Prinzip ist dabei besonders zentral: Die Generationengerechtigkeit. Deswegen bedeutet effizienter Einsatz von Ressourcen vor allem auch eines: Gerechtigkeit gegenüber der Generation unserer Kinder – der Zukunft unseres Sozialstaates.
Statistische Krankenhausdaten: Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser 2019
Authors: Bölt Ute 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag fasst die Ergebnisse der Krankenhausstatistik zu den Grunddaten der Krankenhäuser für das Berichtsjahr 2019 zusammen. Er gibt einen Überblick über die sachlichen und personellen Ressourcen (z. B. Betten, Fachabteilungen, Personal) sowie die Inanspruchnahme von Krankenhausleistungen (Patientenbewegungen). Die Krankenhausstatistik ist eine seit 1991 bundeseinheitlich durchgeführte jährliche Vollerhebung. Auskunftspflichtig sind die Träger der Krankenhäuser.
Stationäre Versorgung während der ersten Welle der Covid-19-Pandemie in Europa: ein internationaler Vergleich
Authors: Winkelmann Juliane , Berger Elke , Panteli Dimitra , Reichebner Christoph , Eckhardt Helene , Nimptsch Ulrike , Rombey Tanja , Busse Reinhard 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Covid-19-Pandemie stellt seit Anfang 2020 insbesondere die Gesundheitssysteme weltweit vor ungeahnte Herausforderungen und führte u. a. dazu, dass ursprüngliche Intensivkapazitäten in einigen Ländern nicht zur Behandlung aller Patienten ausreichten. In diesem Beitrag werden die Entwicklungen der Covid-19-Hospitalisierungen und der Ausbau der Intensivkapazitäten in Europa im Verlauf der ersten Pandemiewelle vor dem Hintergrund der jeweiligen Ausgangsbedingungen veranschaulicht und darüber hinaus Unterschiede in der Patientensteuerung aufgezeigt. Dazu wurde auf zwei Datenbanken zurückgegriffen, die mit dem Ausbruch der Covid-19-Pandemie vom Fachgebiet Management im Gesundheitswesen der Technischen Universität Berlin und dem European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies im März 2020 ins Leben gerufen wurden. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, dass viele europäische Länder auf das Verschieben planbarer Eingriffe und die Aufstockung von Intensivbetten gesetzt haben, um dem rasanten Anstieg an Covid-19-Patienten zu begegnen. Weiterhin wird gezeigt, dass dies in den meisten Ländern ausreichend war und initiale Kapazitätsgrenzen in der Akutversorgung nicht überschritten wurden. In einigen stärker betroffenen Ländern wie Schweden und den Niederlanden hätten jedoch die verfügbaren Intensivbetten ohne Aufstockung nicht ausgereicht.