bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact bunker shielding assessment for 1.5 T MR-Linac
Authors: Sung Jiwon , Choi Yeonho , Kim Jun Won , Lee Ik Jae , Lee Ho 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of the 1.5 T magnetic field of the magnetic resonance-guided linear accelerator (MR-Linac) on the radiation leakage doses penetrating the bunker radiation shielding wall. The evaluated 1.5 T MR-Linac Unity system has a bunker of the minimum recommended size. Unlike a conventional Linac, both primary beam transmission and secondary beam leakage were considered independently in the design and defined at the machine boundary away from the isocenter. Moreover, additional shielding was designed considering the numerous ducts between the treatment room and other rooms. The Linac shielding was evaluated by measuring the leakage doses at several locations. The intrinsic vibration and magnetic field were inspected at the proposed isocenter of the system. For verification, leakage doses were measured before and after applying the magnetic field. The intrinsic vibration and magnetic field readings were below the permitted limit. The leakage dose (0.05–12.2 µSv/week) also complied with internationally stipulated limits. The special shielding achieved a five-fold reduction in leakage dose. Applying the magnetic field increased the leakage dose by 0.12 to 4.56 µSv/week in several measurement points, although these values fall within experimental uncertainty. Thus, the effect of the magnetic field on the leakage dose could not be ascertained.
Expanding the understanding of majority-bias in children’s social learning
Authors: Sibilsky Anne , Colleran Heidi , McElreath Richard , Haun Daniel B. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrior experiments with children across seven different societies have indicated U-shaped age patterns in the likelihood of copying majority demonstrations. It is unclear which learning strategies underlie the observed responses that create these patterns. Here we broaden the understanding of children’s learning strategies by: (1) exploring social learning patterns among 6–13-year-olds (n = 270) from ethnolinguistically varied communities in Vanuatu; (2) comparing these data with those reported from other societies (n = 629), and (3) re-analysing our and previous data based on a theoretically plausible set of underlying strategies using Bayesian methods. We find higher rates of social learning in children from Vanuatu, a country with high linguistic and cultural diversity. Furthermore, our results provide statistical evidence for modest U-shaped age patterns for a more clearly delineated majority learning strategy across the current and previously investigated societies, suggesting that the developmental mechanisms structuring majority bias are cross-culturally highly recurrent and hence a fundamental feature of early human social learning.
CA 15-3 prognostic biomarker in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Authors: Ros-Lucas José Antonio , Pascual-Figal Domingo Andrés , Noguera-Velasco José Antonio , Hernández-Vicente Álvaro , Cebreiros-López Iria , Arnaldos-Carrillo María , Martínez-Ardil Isabel M. , García-Vázquez Elisa , Aparicio-Vicente Mario , Solana-Martínez Elena , Ruiz-Martínez Sheyla Yolany , Fernández-Mula Laura , Andujar-Espinosa Rubén , Fernández-Suarez Beatriz , Sánchez-Caro Maria Dolores , Peñalver-Mellado Carlos , Ruiz-López Francisco José 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe severity of lung involvement is the main prognostic factor in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), a marker of lung damage and fibrosis, could help predict the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. This was a retrospective and observational study. CA 15-3 was analyzed in the blood samples of patients consecutively admitted for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and whose blood samples were available in the biobank. Other prognostic markers were also measured (interleukin 6 [IL6], C-reactive protein [CRP], D-dimer, troponin T, and NT-ProBNP). The occurrence of in-hospital complications was registered, including death, the need for medical intensive care, and oxygen therapy at discharge. In this study, 539 patients were recruited (54.9% men, mean age: 59.6 ± 16.4 years). At admission, the mean concentrations of CA 15-3 was 20.5 ± 15.8 U/mL, and the concentration was correlated with male sex, older age, and other severity markers of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) (IL6, CRP, D-dimer, troponine T, and NT-ProBNP). CA 15-3 levels were higher in patients who died (n = 56, 10.4%) (35.33 ± 30.45 vs. 18.8 ± 12.11, p < 0.001), who required intensive medical support (n = 78, 14.4%; 31.17 ± 27.83 vs. 18.68 ± 11.83; p < 0.001), and who were discharged with supplemental oxygen (n = 64, 13.3%; 22.65 ± 14.41 vs. 18.2 ± 11.7; p = 0.011). Elevated CA 15-3 levels (above 34.5 U/mL) were a strong predictor of a complicated in-hospital course, in terms of a higher risk of death (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–11.9, p = 0.022) and need for intensive care (adjusted OR 4.56, 95% CI: 1.37–15.8) after adjusting for all other risk factors. The degree of lung damage and fibrosis evaluated in terms of CA 15-3 concentrations may allow early identification of the increased risk of complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed the prebiotic potential of a grain-based diet in mice
Authors: Jangid Aditi , Fukuda Shinji , Suzuki Yutaka , Taylor Todd D. , Ohno Hiroshi , Prakash Tulika 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the present study, we elucidated the effect of grain-based (GB) diet containing both soluble and insoluble fibers and purified ingredients-based (PIB) diet containing only insoluble fiber, namely cellulose on mice gut microbiome using whole shotgun based metagenomic sequencing. Although the fiber content in both diet types is the same (5%) the presence of soluble fiber only in the GB diet differentiates it from the PIB diet. The taxonomic analysis of sequenced reads reveals a significantly higher enrichment of probiotic Lactobacilli in the GB group as compared to the PIB group. Further, the enhancement of energy expensive cellular processes namely, cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning, and transcription is observed in the GB group which could be due to the metabolization of the soluble fiber for faster energy production. In contrast, a higher abundance of cellulolytic bacterial community namely, the members of family Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae and the metabolism functions are found in the PIB group. The PIB group shows a significant increase in host-derived oligosaccharide metabolism functions indicating that they might first target the host-derived oligosaccharides and self-stored glycogen in addition to utilising the available cellulose. In addition to the beneficial microbial community variations, both the groups also exhibited an increased abundance of opportunistic pathobionts which could be due to an overall low amount of fiber in the diet. Furthermore, backtracing analysis identified probiotic members of Lactobacillus, viz., L. crispatus ST1, L. fermentum CECT 5716, L. gasseri ATCC 33323, L. johnsonii NCC 533 and L. reuteri 100-23 in the GB group, while Bilophila wadsworthia 3_1_6, Desulfovibrio piger ATCC 29098, Clostridium symbiosum WAL-14163, and Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16 in the PIB group. These data suggest that Lactobacilli, a probiotic community of microorganisms, are the predominant functional contributors in the gut of GB diet-fed mice, whereas pathobionts too coexisted with commensals in the gut microbiome of the PIB group. Thus at 5% fiber, GB modifies the gut microbial ecology more effectively than PIB and the inclusion of soluble fiber in the GB diet may be one of the primary factors responsible for this impact.
Cell type and gene expression deconvolution with BayesPrism enables Bayesian integrative analysis across bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing in oncology
Authors: Chu Tinyi , Wang Zhong , Pe’er Dana , Danko Charles G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractInferring single-cell compositions and their contributions to global gene expression changes from bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets is a major challenge in oncology. Here we develop Bayesian cell proportion reconstruction inferred using statistical marginalization (BayesPrism), a Bayesian method to predict cellular composition and gene expression in individual cell types from bulk RNA-seq, using patient-derived, scRNA-seq as prior information. We conduct integrative analyses in primary glioblastoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma to correlate cell type composition with clinical outcomes across tumor types, and explore spatial heterogeneity in malignant and nonmalignant cell states. We refine current cancer subtypes using gene expression annotation after exclusion of confounding nonmalignant cells. Finally, we identify genes whose expression in malignant cells correlates with macrophage infiltration, T cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells across multiple tumor types. Our work introduces a new lens to accurately infer cellular composition and expression in large cohorts of bulk RNA-seq data.
Transient variation in seismic wave speed points to fast fluid movement in the Earth's outer core
Authors: Zhou Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe solid inner core grows through crystallization of the liquid metallic outer core. This process releases latent heat as well as light elements, providing thermal and chemical buoyancy forces to drive the Earth’s geodynamo. Here we investigate temporal changes in the liquid outer core by measuring travel times of core-penetrating SKS waves produced by pairs of large earthquakes at close hypocenters. While the majority of the measurements do not require a change in the outer core, we observe SKS waves that propagate through the upper half of the outer core in the low latitude Pacific travel about one second faster at the time when the second earthquake occurred, about 20 years after the first earthquake. This observation can be explained by 2–3% of density deficit, possibly associated with high-concentration light elements in localized transient flows in the outer core, with a flow speed in the order of 40 km/year.
Combined dynamo of gravitational and magneto-rotational instability in irradiated accretion discs
Authors: Löhnert L. , Peeters A. G. 
Published: April 2022

Aims. We aim to assess whether magneto-rotational instability (MRI) can exist in a turbulent state generated by gravitational instability (GI). We investigated the magnetic field saturation and elucidated the ability of GI turbulence to act as a dynamo.
Methods. The results were obtained by numerical simulations using the magnetohydrodynamics code Athena. A sub-routine to solve the Poisson equation for self-gravity using three-dimensional Fourier transforms was implemented for that purpose. A GI-turbulent state was then restarted, with a zero-net-flux type magnetic seed field being introduced. The seed field was chosen with β ≈ 1010 to make sure that the magnetic field of the stationary state is exclusively generated by the dynamo.
Results. Shortly after introducing the magnetic seed field, a significant field amplification is observed, despite MRI not being active. This shows that GI acts as a kinematic dynamo. The growing magnetic field allows MRI to become active, which leads to the emergence of a butterfly diagram. The turbulent stress of the saturated state is found to be consistent with the superposition of GI stresses and MRI stresses. Moreover, the ratio of magnetic stress to magnetic pressure is found to lie in the 0.3−0.4 range, which is typical for MRI turbulence. Furthermore, it is found that the magnetic energy significantly decreases if self-gravity is turned off. This indicates, in accordance with the initial field amplification, that GI provides the dominant dynamo contribution and that MRI is not simply added but rather grows on the magnetic field provided by GI turbulence. Finally, it is shown that the combined GI-MRI-dynamo is consistent with an α − Ω model and that the observed oscillation frequency of the butterfly diagram roughly agrees with the model prediction.
Maternités en exil : vers des nouveaux dispositifs pour tenir une écoute psychanalytique
Authors: Boissière Anaïs , Perrusi Monica 
Published: April 2022

À l’Unité de psychopathologie Périnatale, située au sein de la Maternité de l’hôpital Delafontaine à Saint Denis, nous accueillons de nombreuses femmes enceintes marquées par un parcours de vie douloureux, fait d’exil, de traumatisme, de précarité, d’isolement… Des femmes qui ont dû quitter leur famille, parfois laisser leurs enfants, leur patrie, leur culture, du jour au lendemain, dans une forme d’urgence sans s’apercevoir du basculement psychique dont elles font parfois l’objet dans l’après coup.Confrontés à ces effets du réel des traumatismes, de l’urgence des besoins primaires face à une précarité extrême de ces femmes, quel travail pluridisciplinaire mettre en place pour accompagner les réalités psycho-sociales de ces femmes ? Comment maintenir une écoute neutre ? Comment créer et accorder une place à ce bébé en devenir quand le psychisme de la mère est surchargé par les problématiques sociales ?Nous partons de l’idée que la mise en mots du récit et le travail d’écoute ouvre une possibilité à ces femmes de se repositionner en tant que sujet de leur histoire. Cette offre d’écoute permettrait ainsi de reconstruire une narrativité autour de ces vécus.Au travers d’un cas et des vignettes cliniques, nous déploierons nos réflexions sur ces problématiques et l’impact qu’elles ont eu sur nos modalités d’accompagnement envers ces familles en souffrance.
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Validation: Quantitative Analysis of Indole and Oxindole Alkaloids Reveals Chemotypes of Plants and Products
Authors: Manwill Preston K. , Flores-Bocanegra Laura , Khin Manead , Raja Huzefa A. , Cech Nadja B. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Todd Daniel A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany consumers are turning to kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) to self-manage pain and opioid addiction. In the United States, an array of capsules, powders, and loose-leaf kratom
products are readily available. Additionally, several online sites supply live kratom plants. A prerequisite to establishing quality control and quality assurance standards for the kratom
industry, or understanding how alkaloid levels effect clinical outcomes, is the identification and quantitation of major and minor alkaloid constituents within available products and
preparations. To this end, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of 8 indole alkaloids
(7-hydroxymitragynine, ajmalicine, paynantheine, mitragynine, speciogynine, isopaynantheine, speciociliatine, and mitraciliatine) and 6 oxindole alkaloids (isomitraphylline,
isospeciofoleine, speciofoline, corynoxine A, corynoxeine, and rhynchophylline) in US-grown kratom plants and commercial products. These commercial products shared a qualitatively similar
alkaloid profile, with 12 – 13 detected alkaloids and high levels of the indole alkaloid mitragynine (13.9 ± 1.1 – 270 ± 24 mg/g). The levels of the other major alkaloids (paynantheine,
speciociliatine, speciogynine, mitraciliatine, and isopaynantheine) and the minor alkaloids varied in concentration from product to product. The alkaloid profile of US-grown
M. speciosa “Rifat” showed high levels of the indole alkaloid speciogynine (7.94 ± 0.83 – 11.55 ± 0.18 mg/g) and quantifiable levels of isomitraphylline
(0.943 ± 0.033 – 1.47 ± 0.18 mg/g). Notably, the alkaloid profile of a US-grown M. speciosa seedling was comparable to the commercial products with a high level of mitragynine
(15.01 ± 0.20 mg/g). This work suggests that there are several M. speciosa chemotypes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Benzimidazoles ­Bearing a C–N axis via Pd-Catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig ­Amination
Authors: Feng Jia , Liu Ren-rong , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBenzimidazole atropisomers bearing a C–N axis are privileged structural frameworks in pharmaceutical and natural products, thus appealing an increasing interest for its asymmetric synthesis. Here, we briefly discuss recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of benzimidazole atropisomers with a C–N axis, with particular attention to our recently developed palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Buchwald–Hartwig amination strategy.
Movement Velocity as a Determinant of Actual Intensity in Resistance
Exercise
Authors: García Juan Manuel Yáñez , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , Ribas-Serna Juan , González-Badillo Juan José , Rodríguez-Rosell David 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the acute mechanical, metabolic and EMG response to
five resistance exercise protocols (REP) in the full squat (SQ) exercise
performed with two velocity conditions: maximal intended velocity (MaxV) vs.
half-maximal velocity (HalfV). Eleven resistance-trained men performed 10 REP (5
with each velocity conditions) in random order (72–96 h apart).
The REP consisted of three sets of 8–3 repetitions against
45–65% 1RM. The percent change in countermovement jump (CMJ)
height, velocity attained with the load that elicited a
~1.00 m·s−1 (V1-load), surface
EMG variables and blood lactate concentration were assessed pre- vs.
post-exercise protocols. MaxV resulted in greater percent changes (Δ:
12–25%) and intra-condition effect sizes (ES: 0.76–4.84)
in loss of V1-load and CMJ height compared to HalfV (Δ:
10–16%; ES: 0.65–3.90) following all REP. In addition,
MaxV showed higher post-exercise lactate concentration than HalfV (ES:
0.46–0.83; p<0.05). For EMG variables, only the Dimitrov index
resulted in relevant changes after each REP, with MaxV showing greater magnitude
of changes (23–38%) than HalfV (12–25%) across
all REP. These results suggest that voluntary movement velocity is a key aspect
to consider since it clearly determines the overall training intensity during
resistance exercise.
Assessment of Fatigue and Recovery in Sport: Narrative
Review
Authors: Bestwick-Stevenson Thomas , Toone Rebecca , Neupert Emma , Edwards Kimberley , Kluzek Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFatigue is a phenomenon associated with decreases in both physical and cognitive
performances and increases in injury occurrence. Competitive athletes are
required to complete demanding training programs with high workloads to elicit
the physiological and musculoskeletal adaptations plus skill acquisition
necessary for performance. High workloads, especially sudden rapid increases in
training loads, are associated with the occurrence of fatigue. At present, there
is limited evidence elucidating the underlying mechanisms associating the
fatigue generated by higher workloads and with an increase in injury risk. The
multidimensional nature and manifestation of fatigue have led to differing
definitions and dichotomies of the term. Consequently, a plethora of
physiological, biochemical, psychological and performance markers have been
proposed to measure fatigue and recovery. Those include self-reported scales,
countermovement jump performance, heart rate variability, and saliva and serum
biomarker analyses. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of
fatigue and recovery plus methods of assessments.
Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors toward Artificial Intelligence Applications
Authors: Lu Chao , Chen Xi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFlexible piezoionic strain sensors are playing an important role in the field of smart electronic and artificial intelligence. The high sensitivity and superior flexibility make it possible to detect various strain and stress from macro- to microscale precisely. Here, recent progress on flexible piezoionic strain sensors has been summarized into several sections, including sensing mechanism, material engineering, and smart applications. In each section, we present typical scientific works and discuss corresponding critical results. This Account aims to provide broad views for researchers with different academic backgrounds, and then promotes the development of flexible piezoionic strain sensors. Finally, existing challenges and opportunities have been presented to expedite further research works and practical applications of flexible piezoionic strain sensors.1	Introduction2	Sensing Mechanism of Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors3	Material Engineering for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors3.1	Electrolyte Materials for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors3.2	Electrode Materials for Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors4	Smart Applications of Flexible Piezoionic Strain Sensors toward Artificial Intelligence5	Conclusion and Perspective
Translation and Validation of COST - FACIT (Version 2) Questionnaire into Hindi and Marathi to Assess Financial Toxicity in Indian Cancer Patients
Authors: Joshi Amit , Kalra Devanshi , Menon Nandini , Gadgil Durga , Pashilkar Siddhi , Mokal Smruti , Prabhash Kumar , Noronha Vanita 
Published: April 2022

Background Cancer is one of the most expensive and exhaustive medical conditions with a huge impact on the financial condition of the patient and their family members. A lot of advancements have led to improvement in the survival of the patients but at a raised cost. Comprehensive Score for financial Toxicity - Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST - FACIT Version 2) is one such validated and widely used tool. Assessing the financial burden in our country is still far more challenging as COST - FACIT is available in the English language but not in any regional language. Hence, we decided to validate this tool in Hindi and Marathi languages.
Material and Methods A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Uro-Oncology at the Tata Memorial Hospital. The original version of the COST - FACIT (Version 2) was translated from English into Hindi and Marathi languages, following the FACIT translation method and tested for content validity that included two forward translations, followed by reconciliation and a backward translation. The questionnaires were then approved by the FACIT team, and pilot testing was done for 20 patients (10 for each Hindi and Marathi language). Each of these 20 patients, after filling up the questionnaire themselves, was interviewed for any difficulty encountered during answering the questionnaire. Based on the suggestions or interpretations of this pilot testing, the necessary changes were incorporated in the final Hindi and Marathi questionnaires.
Results A total of 20 patients (10 each for Hindi and Marathi) were included for pilot testing of the questionnaire. The median age of the entire cohort was 61 years (27–79). The questionnaires showed good content and face validity and demonstrated a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.85 for Hindi, 0.89 for Marathi).
Conclusion The questionnaire COST - FACIT (Version 2) has been approved and validated in Hindi and Marathi languages by the FACIT team for use in clinical practice and studies.
Cholangioscopy: Has It Changed Management?
Authors: Dhar Chowdhury Sudipta , Jaleel Rajeeb 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe single operator per oral cholangioscope is a catheter-based system that allows for direct visualization of the bile duct and pancreatic duct. The instrument with its improved imaging technique and larger accessory channel allows for high-quality image acquisition and performance of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures within the bile duct and pancreatic duct. There has been an increase in the range of indications for the use of the cholangioscope. The current indications include management of difficult biliary stones, pancreatic calculi, assessment of indeterminate biliary stricture, pancreatic stricture, intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and extractions of proximally migrated stents. The use of laser lithotripsy and electro-hydraulic lithotripsy has improved the management of difficult bile duct stones. Direct visualization of biliary and pancreatic duct strictures is helpful in the diagnosis of indeterminate strictures. In this review, we explore how cholangioscopy has changed management.