bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conundrum of the definition of haemorrhagic shock: a pragmatic exploration based on a scoping review, experts’ survey and a cohort analysis
Authors: James Arthur , Abback Paer-Selim , Pasquier Pierre , Ausset Sylvain , Duranteau Jacques , Hoffmann Clément , Gauss Tobias , Hamada Sophie Rym ,   for The Traumabase Group
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) is a complex, dynamic process and, no consensual definition of THS is available. This study aims (1) to explore existing definitions of traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS), (2) to identify essential components of these definitions and (3) to illustrate in a pragmatic way the consequences of applying five of these definitions to a trauma registry.

Methods
We conducted (1) a scoping review to identify the definitions used for traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS); (2) an international experts survey to rank by relevance a selection of components extracted from these definitions and (3) a registry-based analysis where several candidate definitions were tested in a large trauma registry to evaluate how the use of different definitions affected baseline characteristics, resources use and patient outcome.

Results
Sixty-eight studies were included revealing 52 distinct definitions. The most frequently used was “a systolic blood pressure (SBP) less than or equal to 70 mmHg or between 71 and 90 mmHg if the heart rate is greater than or equal to 108 beats per min”. The expert panel identified base excess, blood lactate concentration, SBP and shock index as the most relevant physiological components to define THS. Five definitions of THS were tested and highlighted significant differences across groups on important outcomes such as the proportion of massive transfusion, the need for surgery, in-hospital length of stay or in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a large heterogeneity in the definitions of THS suggesting a need for standardization. Five candidate definitions were identified in a three-step process to illustrate how each shapes study cohort composition and impacts outcome. The results inform research stakeholders in the choice of a consensual definition.
Circular vs. linear stapling after minimally invasive and robotic-assisted esophagectomy: a pooled analysis
Authors: Finze Alida , Betzler Johanna , Hetjens Svetlana , Reissfelder Christoph , Otto Mirko , Blank Susanne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Current data states that most likely there are differences in postoperative complications regarding linear and circular stapling in open esophagectomy. This, however, has not yet been summarized and overviewed for minimally invasive esophagectomy, which is being performed increasingly.

Methods
A pooled analysis was conducted, including 4 publications comparing linear and circular stapling techniques in minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) and robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE). Primary endpoints were anastomotic leakage, pulmonary complications, and mean hospital stay.

Results
Summarizing the 4 chosen publications, no difference in anastomotic insufficiency could be displayed (p = 0.34). Similar results were produced for postoperative pulmonary complications. Comparing circular stapling (CS) to linear stapling (LS) did not show a trend towards a favorable technique (p = 0.82). Some studies did not take learning curves into account. Postoperative anastomotic stricture was not specified to an extent that made a summary of the publications possible.

Conclusions
In conclusion, data is not sufficient to provide a differentiated recommendation towards mechanical stapling techniques for individual patients undergoing MIE and RAMIE. Therefore, further RCTs are necessary for the identification of potential differences between LS and CS. At this point in research, we therefore suggest evading towards choosing a single anastomotic technique for each center. Momentarily, enduring the learning curve of the surgeon has the greatest evidence in reducing postoperative complication rates.
Particle-Based Assembly Using Precise Global Control
Authors: Keller Jakob , Rieck Christian , Scheffer Christian , Schmidt Arne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn micro- and nano-scale systems, particles can be moved by using an external force like gravity or a magnetic field. In the presence of adhesive particles that can attach to each other, the challenge is to decide whether a shape is constructible. Previous work provides a class of shapes for which constructibility can be decided efficiently when particles move maximally into the same direction induced by a global signal. In this paper we consider the single step model, i.e., a model in which each particle moves one unit step into the given direction. We restrict the assembly process such that at each single time step actually one particle is added to and moved within the workspace. We prove that deciding constructibility is NP-complete for three-dimensional shapes, and that a maximum constructible shape can be approximated. The same approximation algorithm applies for 2D. We further present linear-time algorithms to decide whether or not a tree-shape in 2D or 3D is constructible. Scaling a shape yields constructibility; in particular we show that the 2-scaled copy of every non-degenerate polyomino is constructible. In the three-dimensional setting we show that the 3-scaled copy of every non-degenerate polycube is constructible.
A prospective study to evaluate febrile neutropenia incidence in patients receiving pegfilgrastim on-body injector vs other choices
Authors: Rifkin Robert M. , Crawford Jeffrey , Mahtani Reshma L. , Dale David C. , Narang Mohit , MacLaughlin William W. , Huynh Chanh , Gawade Prasad L. , Lewis Sandra , DeCosta Lucy , Lawrence Tatiana , Belani Rajesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and related clinical outcomes among patients treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy for nonmyeloid malignancies who received pegfilgrastim on-body injector (OBI) or other options (Other) for FN prophylaxis.

Methods
In this prospective observational study, adult patients with breast, prostate, or lung cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma at risk for FN were stratified into subgroups based on FN prophylaxis used in the first chemotherapy cycle: pegfilgrastim OBI vs Other (pegfilgrastim or biosimilar pegfilgrastim prefilled syringe, daily filgrastim, or no granulocyte colony–stimulating factor [G-CSF]) for up to 4 planned chemotherapy cycles.

Results
This US study enrolled 2575 eligible patients (OBI, 1624; Other, 951). FN incidence was lower in the OBI group (6.4% [95% CI, 5.2–7.6%]) than in the Other group (9.4% [7.5–11.2%]), with a relative risk (RR) of 0.66 (0.47–0.91; p = .006). A decreased risk of dose delays among patients receiving pegfilgrastim OBI vs Other was observed (RR for ≥ 5 days: 0.64 [0.42–0.96], p = .023; RR for ≥ 7 days: 0.62 [0.40–0.91], p = .016). Adherence, defined as G-CSF support for all chemotherapy cycles, was 94.0% (92.9–95.2%) in the OBI group compared with 58.4% (55.2–61.5%) in the Other group. Compliance with pegfilgrastim, defined as administration the day after chemotherapy, was 88.3% in the OBI group and 48.8% in the prefilled syringe group.

Conclusion
Patients receiving pegfilgrastim OBI had a lower incidence of FN compared with those receiving alternatives. The OBI was associated with improved adherence to and compliance with clinically recommended G-CSF prophylaxis.
Coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils and significance for the meshing process of spur gears
Authors: Baumann Axel , Bertsche Bernd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of oils are determined using test methods. There are standardized test methods for determining viscosity and density. The characterization of transmission oil based on its dynamic viscosity alone is not sufficient for the physical explanation of different levels of noise emissions in vehicle transmissions. For this reason, the test procedure for determining the coefficient of friction is used in the following to enable a further differentiation between the oils according to mechanical properties.In gear transmissions with involute gear teeth, rolling friction occurs in the gear pair meshing along the line of action due to the variation in the equivalent curvature radii throughout the meshing cycle. This is rolling friction on which a sliding friction component, so-called slip, is superimposed. Pure rolling friction only occurs in the pitch point. From the pitch point to the start and end of the meshing, there is a superimposed sliding friction component that increases with increasing distance from the pitch point. Slip values occur in the range of 5–50% depending on tooth geometry.These friction conditions during tooth flank lubrication can be assessed using the Stribeck curve. The Stribeck curve represents the coefficient of friction as a function of the speed. A mini traction machine from PCS Instruments with a ball/plate measurement setup was used to determine the coefficient of friction behavior of gear oils. This allows the coefficient of friction of an oil to be assessed at low speeds in the range from boundary and mixed friction to elastohydrodynamic fluid friction at high speeds.The investigations show that the coefficient of friction behavior of a gear oil depends on the oil viscosity and above all on the chemical composition. The lower the coefficient of friction, the less energy is required to shear the lubricating film and the lower the power transmission through the fluid. The coefficient of friction is a property that is dominated by the type of base oil and the type of VI improver in the area of mixed and fluid friction, especially with additional sliding in contact.It will be shown in the paper that the use of a gear oil that has been optimized with regard to the coefficient of friction curve can reduce the entry impacts of meshing gear pairs under vibration excitation and the gear transmission thus generates lower noise emissions.
Time-Dependent Collagen Fibered Structure in the Early Distraction Callus: Imaging Characterization and Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Blázquez-Carmona Pablo , Sanz-Herrera José A. , Mora-Macías Juan , Morgaz Juan , Domínguez Jaime , Reina-Romo Esther 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCollagen is a ubiquitous protein present in regenerating bone tissues that experiences multiple biological phenomena during distraction osteogenesis until the deposition of phosphate crystals. This work combines fluorescence techniques and mathematical modeling to shed light on the mechano-structural processes behind the maturation and accommodation-to-mineralization of the callus tissue. Ovine metatarsal bone calluses were analyzed through confocal images at different stages of the early distraction osteogenesis process, quantifying the fiber orientation distribution and mean intensity as fiber density measure. Likewise, a mathematical model based on the experimental data was defined to micromechanically characterize the apparent stiffening of the tissue within the distracted callus. A reorganization of the fibers around the distraction axis and increased fiber density were found as the bone fragments were gradually separated. Given the degree of significance between the mathematical model and previous in vivo data, reorganization, densification, and bundle maturation phenomena seem to explain the apparent mechanical maturation observed in the tissue theoretically.
Chemsex Practices in PrEP: Beyond Addiction and Risk Toward a Healthy Sex Life—Baseline Experiences from a Hospital-Based PrEP Program in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: De La Mora Lorena , Ugarte Ainoa , Martínez-Rebollar Maria , De Lazzari Elisa , García-Hernández David , Font Guillermo , De Loredo Nicolás , Solbes Estela , Miquel Laia , Blanch Jordi , Torres Berta , Riera Josep , Chivite Iván , Ambrosioni Juan , Inciarte Alexy , González-Cordón Ana , Martínez Esteban , Blanco José Luis , Mallolas Josep , Laguno Montserrat 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical intervention that has demonstrated efficacy in HIV prevention in individuals at high-risk, among them chemsex users. Out of 190 PrEP users followed at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona until October 2020, 89% reported drug use, and 63% disclosed that they had engaged in chemsex practices, initiated in 64% of cases within the past year. Twenty-one percent used 3 or more drugs simultaneously, being GHB/GBL, nitrites, sildenafil, and methamphetamine the most prevalent combination. Eight percent reported slamming. Forty-one percent described having had negative experiences and 8% did not remember the last time they had sober sex. Methamphetamine, mephedrone, GHB/GBL, and having had open relationships, group sex, double penetration, and fisting were significantly more prevalent. Forty-nine percent admitted being worried about chemsex use, and 18% said they needed help. A comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach is mandatory to enable the attainment of a healthy approach to one’s sex life.
Facile synthesis of 2-hydroxyacetophenone from racemic styrene oxide catalyzed by engineered enzymes
Authors: Söderlund Isac , Tjärnhage Elias , Hamnevik Emil , Widersten Mikael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe describe a system that allows for biocatalyzed in vivo synthesis of α-hydroxy ketones from racemic epoxide starting material by in vivo co-expression of native and engineered epoxide hydrolase and alcohol dehydrogenases. The constructed expression system exploits the host cell metabolism for supply and regeneration of precious nicotinamide dinucleotide coenzyme. Racemic styrene oxide added to growth medium passively enters the cells and is hydrolyzed into (1R)-phenylethane-1,2-diol, which is subsequently oxidized to the acyloin 2-hydroxyacetophenone. Produced 2-hydroxyacetophenone escapes the cells via passive diffusion into the growth medium. Thus, co-expression of potato epoxide hydrolase and engineered alcohol dehydrogenase variants can be employed for robust and facile production of 2-hydroxyacetophenone from racemic styrene oxide.
Development and Validation of a Novel Prognostic Model Predicting the Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Risk for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Patients Treated with Nifekalant During the First Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation
Authors: Dong Youzheng , Zhai Zhenyu , Zhu Bo , Xiao Shucai , Chen Yang , Hou Anxue , Zou Pengtao , Xia Zirong , Yu Jianhua , Li Juxiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to establish and assess a prediction model for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with nifekalant during the first radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).MethodsIn this study, 244 patients with persistent AF from January 17, 2017 to December 14, 2017, formed the derivation cohort, and 205 patients with persistent AF from December 15, 2017 to October 28, 2018, constituted the validation cohort. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used for variable screening and the multivariable Cox survival model for nomogram development. The accuracy and discriminative capability of this predictive model were assessed according to discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]) and calibration. Clinical practical value was evaluated using decision curve analysis.ResultsBody mass index, AF duration, sex, left atrial diameter, and the different responses after nifekalant administration were identified as AF recurrence-associated factors, all of which were selected for the nomogram. In the development and validation cohorts, the AUC for predicting 1-year AF-free survival was 0.863 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.801–0.926) and 0.855 (95% CI 0.782–0.929), respectively. The calibration curves showed satisfactory agreement between the actual AF-free survival and the nomogram prediction in the derivation and validation cohorts. In both groups, the prognostic score enabled stratifying the patients into different AF recurrence risk groups.ConclusionsThis predictive nomogram can serve as a quantitative tool for estimating the 1-year AF recurrence risk for patients with persistent AF treated with nifekalant during the first RFCA.
Use of phosphorylated chitosan/alumina nanoadditives for polymer performance improvement
Authors: Hatami Mehdi , Rahnama Nima , Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Djafarzadeh Nader , Qandalee Mohammad , Setva Reza , Karimi Fatemeh , Durán-Valle Carlos J. , López-Coca Ignacio M. , Sharifi Alireza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this research, a new generation of ternary nanocomposites based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), phosphorylated chitosan and surface modified alumina nanoparticles were fabricated in four steps. The phosphorylation process was targeted for the insertion of phosphorus moieties as a flame retardant agent in the final PET nanocomposite. Likewise, environmentally friendly nano-alumina was used for PET matrix to improve the thermal properties of PET in collaboration with organic anchored phosphorus moieties. Alternatively, the presence of bio-safe modified alumina nanoparticles in combination with phosphorylated chitosan simultaneously improved the antibacterial activity and thermal properties of the PET matrix. Furthermore, the effects of the phosphorylated chitosan and alumina nanoparticles on the morphology and thermal properties of nanocomposites were inspected by different approaches. The structure and distribution of the nanoscale particles in PET were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses were used for the in-depth evaluation of the thermal properties of prepared nanocomposites. Prepared nanocomposites showed better growth inhibition activities against Escherichia coli bacteria compared to the PET and PET/phosphorylated chitosan samples. Also, the thermal characteristics of prepared nanocomposites were considerably improved.
Brief exposures to conspecific-derived alarm substance are sufficient to induce paternal intergenerational effects in zebrafish
Authors: Ord James , Fazeli Alireza , Watt Penelope J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPaternal intergenerational effects, whereby the father’s environment influences the phenotype of the offspring via molecular (e.g. epigenetic) changes to the sperm, comprise an area of active research in multiple biological contexts. Spermatogenesis is a critical window of sensitivity to environmental changes, such that males at full sexual maturity can acquire, incorporate, and transmit environmental information in spermatozoa. The degree of sensitivity is less clear, and as such previous experimental studies have typically relied on prolonged exposure regimes encapsulating the entire period of spermatogenesis. Here we exposed adult male zebrafish to a model stressor (conspecific-derived alarm substance, AS) in two 20-min episodes timed either shortly before or during the onset of spermatogenesis. There was no clear effect of paternal stress on a behavioural stress response in larval offspring but clear reductions in anxiety-like behaviour in juvenile offspring. Our findings suggest that prolonged exposures may not be required for the induction of measurable intergenerational responses in this popular vertebrate model.
How Do Technologies Affect How We See and Treat Animals? Extending Technological Mediation Theory to Human-animal Relations
Authors: Kramer Koen , Meijboom Franck L. B. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman practices in which animals are involved often include the application of technology: some farmed animals are for example milked robotically or monitored by smart technologies, laboratory animals are adapted to specific purposes through the application of biotechnologies, and pets have their own social media accounts. Animal ethicists have raised concerns about some of these practices, but tend to assume that technologies are just neutral intermediaries in human-animal relations. This paper questions that assumption and addresses how technologies might shape human-animal relations in non-neutral ways. Building on the technological mediation approach, it proposes that technologies can influence human-animal relations byamplifyingandreducingcertain aspects of animals in human perception or byinvitingandinhibitingcertain actions towards animals. The paper next considers, in two concretizing steps, how this theoretical starting point can enrich ethical discussions on technology and human-animal relations. First, it shows how the technological mediation approach can help to conceptualize a main concern that has been raised regarding the impact of technologies on human-animal relations, namely the concern that animals might be ‘instrumentalized’ or ‘objectified’ in certain technological practices. Second, it considers how this approach can guide investigations of how particular technologies might affect human-animal relations, taking genetic selection technologies as used in livestock breeding as a case. The paper closes by briefly reviewing the prospects and challenges for the application of the technological mediation approach to human-animal relations, thus sketching directions for future research.
Phenotyping of Fecal Microbiota of Winnie, a Rodent Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis, Reveals Specific Metabolic, Genotoxic, and Pro-inflammatory Properties
Authors: Talà Adelfia , Guerra Flora , Resta Silvia Caterina , Calcagnile Matteo , Barca Amilcare , Tredici Salvatore Maurizio , De Donno Maria Dolores , Vacca Mirco , Liso Marina , Chieppa Marcello , De Angelis Maria , Verri Tiziano , Bozzetti Maria Giuseppina , Bucci Cecilia , Alifano Pietro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Winnie, a mouse carrying a missense mutation in the MUC2 mucin gene, is a valuable model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with signs and symptoms that have multiple similarities with those observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. MUC2 mucin is present in Winnie, but is not firmly compacted in a tight inner layer. Indeed, these mice develop chronic intestinal inflammation due to the primary epithelial defect with signs of mucosal damage, including thickening of muscle and mucosal layers, goblet cell loss, increased intestinal permeability, enhanced susceptibility to luminal inflammation-inducing toxins, and alteration of innervation in the distal colon. In this study, we show that the intestinal environment of the Winnie mouse, genetically determined by MUC2 mutation, selects an intestinal microbial community characterized by specific pro-inflammatory, genotoxic, and metabolic features that could imply a direct involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation. We report results obtained by using a variety of in vitro approaches for fecal microbiota functional characterization. These approaches include Caco-2 cell cultures and Caco-2/THP-1 cell co-culture models for evaluation of geno-cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory properties using a panel of 43 marker RNAs assayed by RT-qPCR, and cell-based phenotypic testing for metabolic profiling of the intestinal microbial communities by Biolog EcoPlates. While adding a further step towards understanding the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying IBD, the results of this study provide a reliable method for phenotyping gut microbial communities, which can complement their structural characterization by providing novel functional information.