bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute stress disorder in patients with accidental traumatic fractures: What can we do
Authors: Liang Zhenhong , Wu Lijuan , Tang Fuqin , Gong Shumei , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the potential influencing factors of acute stress disorder (ASD) in patients with accidental traumatic fractures to provide evidence for clinical nursing care.DesignA retrospective study.MethodsPatients with traumatic fractures treated in our hospital from 1 January 2020 to 30 November 2021 were included. The characteristics of ASD and no ASD patients were assessed.ResultsA total of 468 patients with traumatic fractures were included, the incidence of ASD was 28.20%. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≤50 years (OR2.918, 95% CI1.994 ~ 3.421), female (OR2.074, 95% CI1.489 ~ 3.375), AIS‐ISS at admission ≥20 (OR3.981, 95% CI2.188 ~ 5.091), VAS at admission≥7 (OR2.804, 95% CI2.027 ~ 3.467), introverted personality (OR1.722, 95%CI1.314 ~ 2.432) and CD‐RISC at admission≤60 (OR3.026, 95% CI2.338 ~ 4.769) were the risk factors of ASD in patients with traumatic fractures (all p < .05).ConclusionsThe development of ASD in patients with traumatic fractures is affected by multiple factors. Medical workers should take early and timely management and nursing measures for related risk factors to reduce the occurrence of ASD.
Digital currencies, monetary sovereignty, and U.S.–China power competition
Authors: Huang Ying , Mayer Maximilian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rise of digital currencies challenges practices of monetary sovereignty and impacts the international monetary order. Drawing on recent IPE debates about the public‐private nature of money, the critique of the “impossible trinity” and “territorial currencies,” this article explores the competition between China and the United States over and within the international monetary system. The two largest economies display strikingly divergent regulatory approaches to cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). China completely banned cryptocurrencies but became a front‐runner in developing a CBDC. It aims to expand the RMB's global role without giving up its monetary control. U.S. administrations have instead reluctantly considered regulating cryptocurrencies. Discussions on a potential digital U.S. dollar (USD) only began in 2020. Washington aims at preserving the existing cross‐border financial mechanisms and offshore infrastructure for USD‐denominated transactions and credit creation. It focuses on financial crime and maintaining the innovation dynamic of its private sector to preserve its “exorbitant privilege.” Emerging financial infrastructures and standards for digital currencies are the new technological arena for U.S.–China monetary competition.
Controlled Emission of Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Waste Silk Sericin
Authors: Padasalagi Anita B. , Rabinal Mohammad Hussain Kasim 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, nitrogen rich carbon quantum dots gaining considerable attention due to their extraordinary optoelectronic properties, specifically the enhancement in quantum efficiency of photoluminescence emission. Here the synthesis of multicolor emission of nitrogen rich carbon quantum dots from silk sericin is presented. These quantum dots exhibit blue, green, yellow, and orange emissions with a quantum yield close to 67%, 38%, 16%, and 9.6%, respectively, due to variation in carbonization temperature. The detailed characterization studies show that the multicolor emission of carbon quantum dots is due to both quantum confinement of particles and surface defects generated by surface oxidation. Moreover, these nanoparticles are photostable, biocompatible, non‐toxic, and water soluble, and hence can be the promising materials for optoelectronic devices, bioimaging, biosensing, etc.
Economic reintegration postreturn—examining the role of return voluntariness, resource mobilization and time to prepare
Authors: Monti Andrea , Serrano Inmaculada 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper examines conditions of international return migration and their relation to risks of experiencing economic difficulties postreturn. Relying on unique survey data among Senegalese and Romanian returnees, we revisit and provide an empirical examination of the theoretical notion of return preparedness, involving aspects of voluntariness, resource mobilization and time to prepare. The lack of time to prepare return, more commonly associated with self‐declared involuntary returns and deportations, is found to significantly increase the risk of economic difficulties post return in both contexts. Whilst emphasizing the complexity of voluntariness, the findings show that, additionally, returns compelled by external circumstances or negative return motivations (‘semi‐involuntary’) are associated with higher risks of economic difficulties. Compared to nonmigrants, returnees experienced decreased risks of economic difficulties in Senegal, but not significantly in Romania. Those forced back to Senegal or compelled to return to Romania did, however not experience such risk decrease.
Ultra‐compact accurate wave functions for He‐like and Li‐like iso‐electronic sequences and variational calculus: III. Spin‐quartet state (1s2s3s) of the lithium sequence
Authors: Julian Nader Daniel , del Valle Juan Carlos , Lopez Vieyra Juan Carlos , Turbiner Alexander V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a continuation of Part I, dedicated to the ground state of He‐like and Li‐like isoelectronic sequences for nuclear charges , and Part II, dedicated to two excited states of He‐like sequence, two ultra‐compact wave functions in the form of generalized Guevara–Harris–Turbiner functions are constructed for Li‐like sequence. They describe accurately the domain of applicability of the non‐relativistic Quantum Mechanics of Coulomb Charges (QMCC) for energies (2–3 significant digits [s.d.]) of the spin‐quartet state of Li‐like ions (in static approximation with point‐like, infinitely heavy nuclei). Variational parameters are fitted in by 2nd degree polynomials. The most accurate ultra‐compact function leads to the absolute accuracy a.u. for energy, and for the normalized electron‐nuclear cusp parameter for . Critical charge , where the ultra‐compact trial function for the state loses its square‐integrability, is estimated, . As a complement to Part I, square integrability for the compact functions constructed for the ground, spin‐doublet state of the Li‐like sequence is discussed. The critical charge, for which these functions stop to be normalizable, is estimated as . It implies that at —the negative helium ion He−—both states, and , exist as states embedded in the continuum.
Computer guided calvarial bone grafting for reconstruction of orbital floor blow out fracture
Authors: Ahmed Mamdouh , Ali Sherif , Elhadidy Mona Samy 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCalvarial grafts represents a superior option for orbital floor reconstruction, however the difficulty of intraoperative moulding and placement remains as a major limitation. We used patient specific guides and sterolithographic models to facilitate this procedure.MethodsThe study was conducted on 10 patients with orbital floor blow out fracture. A graft harvesting guide was virtually constructed based on the defect using mirroring of the normal side. The virtual guide and the defective orbital floor were then printed. The graft was harvested using the guide and adjusted to the defect using the model, finally seated in place.ResultsAll patients showed no enophthalmos or diplopia. Orbital volume was comparable for both traumatised and normal orbits with no statistical significance difference (p value 0.28), and orbital volume ratio was 101.76 ± 4.7%.ConclusionThe use of graft harvesting guide and orbital floor models for intraoperative graft moulding showed promising results.
Near Infrared‐Triggered Theranostic Nanoplatform with Controlled Release of HSP90 Inhibitor for Synergistic Mild Photothermal and Enhanced Nanocatalytic Therapy with Hypoxia Relief
Authors: Tian Boshi , Wang Chen , Du Yaqian , Dong Shuming , Feng Lili , Liu Bin , Liu Shikai , Ding He , Gai Shili , He Fei , Yang Piaoping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMild photothermal therapy (PTT, <45 °C) can prevent tumor metastasis and heat damage to normal tissue, compared with traditional PTT (>50 °C). However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited owing to the hypoxic tumor environment and tumor thermoresistance owing to the overproduction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR)‐triggered theranostic nanoplatform (GA‐PB@MONs@LA) is designed for synergistic mild PTT and enhanced Fenton nanocatalytic therapy against hypoxic tumors. The nanoplatform is fabricated by the confined formation of Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles in mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs), followed by the loading of gambogic acid (GA), an HSP90 inhibitor, and coating with thermo‐sensitive lauric acid (LA). Upon NIR irradiation, the photothermal effect (44 °C) of PB not only induces apoptosis of tumor cells but also triggers the on‐demand release of GA, inhibiting the production of HSP90. Moreover, the delivered heat simultaneously enhances the catalase‐like and Fenton activity of PB@MONs@LA in an acidic tumor microenvironment, relieving the tumor hypoxia and promoting the generation of highly toxic •OH. In addition, the nanoplatform enables magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual‐modal imaging. Thus, this study describes a distinctive paradigm for the development of NIR‐triggered theranostic nanoplatforms for enhanced cancer therapy.
A “Dual‐Source, Dual‐Activation” Strategy for an NIR‐II Window Theranostic Nanosystem Enabling Optimal Photothermal‐Ion Combination Therapy
Authors: Zheng Ziliang , Duan Ailin , Dai Rong , Li Yao , Chen Xuejiao , Qin YuFei , Ren Shilei , Li Ran , Cheng Zhen , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe activatable imaging technique in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) utilizes the stimulation of cancer‐associated biomarkers for specific imaging to guide precise NIR‐II photothermal therapy. However, most activatable nanoprobes with single‐source stimulation are insufficient in providing comprehensive information regarding the tumor, severely restricting the therapeutic optimization, especially in NIR‐II photothermal therapy (PTT)‐based combination therapy. Herein, a “dual‐source, dual‐activation” strategy‐based multifunctional nanosystem, PPAC, is reported as a promising tool for activatable NIR‐II fluorescence (FL)/ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging‐guided “localization‐timing” photothermal‐ion therapy (PTIT). A fibroblast activation protein (FAP)‐responsive peptide to modify the surface of Pd nanosheets with excellent NIR‐II absorption ability can efficiently cross‐link BSA‐CQ4T to realize NIR‐II FL quenching, followed by the loading of Ag to construct the PPAC. Triggered by the specific cleavage with FAP on the perivascular cancer‐associated fibroblasts (first source), the PPAC can correspondingly release BSA‐CQ4T for rapid fluorescence recovery. The nanosystems are subsequently taken up by tumor cells, where the overexpressed H2O2 (second source) promotes the oxidation of Ag shell to Ag+, and further leads the real‐time ratiometric PA signals (Ag‐PA660/Pd‐PA1050) that can monitor the Ag+ ions‐related production efficiency and therapeutic performance. Intelligent integration of dual‐modality imaging information can comprehensively provide the right time‐point and site‐specificity for selective NIR‐II PTT.
How do person‐centered outcome measures enable shared decision‐making for people with dementia and family carers?—A systematic review
Authors: Aworinde Jesutofunmi , Ellis‐Smith Clare , Gillam Juliet , Roche Moïse , Coombes Lucy , Yorganci Emel , Evans Catherine J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify published evidence on person‐centered outcome measures (PCOMs) used in dementia care and to explore how PCOMs facilitate shared decision‐making and improve outcomes of care. To build a logic model based on the findings, depicting linkages with PCOM impact mechanisms and care outcomes.DesignMixed‐methods systematic review. We searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ASSIA from databases and included studies reporting experiences and/or impact of PCOM use among people with dementia, family carers, and/or practitioners. Groen Van de Ven's model of collaborative deliberation informed the elements of shared decision‐making in dementia care in the abstraction, analysis, and interpretation of data. Data were narratively synthesized to develop the logic model.SettingStudies were conducted in long‐term care, mixed settings, emergency department, general primary care, and geriatric clinics.ParticipantsA total of 1064 participants were included in the review.ResultsTen studies were included. PCOMs can facilitate shared decision‐making through “knowing the person,” “identifying problems, priorities for care and treatment and goal setting,” “evaluating decisions”, and “implementation considerations for PCOM use.” Weak evidence on the impact of PCOMs to improve communication between individuals and practitioners, physical function, and activities of daily living.ConclusionsPCOMs can enable shared decision‐making and impact outcomes through facilitating collaborative working between the person's network of family and practitioners to identify and manage symptoms and concerns. The constructed logic model demonstrates the key mechanisms to discuss priorities for care and treatment, and to evaluate decisions and outcomes. A future area of research is training for family carers to use PCOMs with practitioners.
Stretchable piezo‐electric energy harvesting device with high durability using carbon nanomaterials with different structure and their synergism with molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Manikkavel Amutheesan , Kumar Anuj , Alam Md. Najib , Hwang Gyu‐Jin , Park Sang‐Shin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, polymer composite based stretchable piezo‐electric energy harvesting device have attracted a great attention in composite industry. At laboratory scale, these piezo‐electric devices have ability to generate impressive voltage (~8 V) with high durability (>0.5 million cycles) depending upon nature of the material used in electrode and substrate. In this work, composites were prepared by mixing room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV‐SR) and nanofillers such as multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), nano‐carbon black (nano‐CB), graphite nanoplatelets (GNP), in single or hybrid with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). These fillers differentiate on basis of their structure ranging from 0‐dimensional (0‐D) to 3‐D. The effects of these structures on mechanical properties are demonstrated. Among them, MWCNT with 1‐D, tube shape morphology, high aspect ratio of 65 shows dominating mechanical properties even at 2 per hundred parts of rubber (phr) loading followed by nano‐CB, GNP at 8 phr and MoS2 at 2 phr. A synergistic effect in mechanical properties between hybrid fillers such as tensile strength and fracture strain was demonstrated. In the end, the composites were tested for piezo‐electric energy generation and durability cycles for the best candidate such as MWCNT was tested for up to 0.5 million cycles was demonstrated.
Isotope Dendrochronology: Historical Perspective
Authors: Leavitt Steven W. , Roden John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the fields of dendrochronology and light stable-isotope mass spectrometry emerged at different times in the first half of the 20th Century, their convergence with the earliest measurements of isotope composition of tree rings is nowca. 70 years old. Much of the early stable isotope analysis (including on wood) explored natural variation of isotopes in the environment, but those researchers making the measurements were already contemplating the role of the isotope composition of the source substrates (e.g., water and CO2), biochemical fractionation, and environment as contributors to final tree-ring isotope values. Growing interest in tree-ring isotopes was heavily motivated by paleoclimate or paleoatmosphere reconstruction, but this new field rapidly developed to generate greatly improved mechanistic understanding along with expanded applications to physiology, ecology, pollution, and more. This chapter primarily charts the historical progression in tree-ring C-H-O isotope studies over those seven decades, but it also identifies potential productive emerging and future directions.
Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings of Boreal Forests
Authors: Churakova Olga V. , Porter Trevor J. , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Myglan Vladimir S. , Fonti Marina V. , Vaganov Eugene A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe boreal forests are widely expanded from subarctic forest to tundra, and from taigato forest-steppe zone (from 50 °N to 70 °N). We reviewed available stable isotope chronologies in tree-ring cellulose (δ13C, δ18O and δ2H) from 16 sites located in the Russian Federation; 4 research sites from Fennoscandia (Finland, Sweden and Norway); 5 sites from Canada, and 1 site from Alaska (USA) to evaluate impact of climatic changes from seasonal to annual scale across boreal forest ecosystems. Results of our review of carbon isotope data showed that droughtconditions (mainly high vapour pressure deficit) are prevalent for western and central regions of Eurasia, Alaska and Canada, while northeastern and eastern sites of Eurasian subarctic are showing water shortage developments resulting from decreasing precipitation. Oxygen isotopechronologies show increasing trends towards the end of the twentieth century mainly for all chronologies, except for the Siberian northern and southern sites. The application of the multiple stable isotope proxies (δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) is beneficial to study responses of boreal forests to climate change in temperature-limited environments. However, a deeper knowledge of hydrogen isotope fractionation processes at the tree-ring cellulose level is needed for a sound interpretation and application of δ2H for climate reconstructions, especially for the boreal forest zone where forest ecosystems are more sensitive to climatic and environmental changes.
Forest Management and Tree-Ring Isotopes
Authors: Marshall John D. , Brooks J. Renée , Talhelm Alan F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractForest management can be improved by the mechanistic understanding that tree-ring stable isotopes provide. Key management tools include genetic selection, competing vegetation control, thinning, and fertilization. These tools frequently change environmental conditions and physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water uptake, and nitrogen cycling, which may leave isotopic signatures in tree-rings, providing detailed responses to management over decadal time periods. While data sets remain small, some trends have emerged from previous forest management studies using stable isotopes. Genotype selection sometimes shows isotopic evidence of maladaptation, especially in the presence of climate change. Competition control and thinning have different isotopic reactions depending on the dryness of the site; they generally obtain different responses depending on whether competition is primarily for aboveground (light) or belowground (water and nutrient) resources. Fertilization responses recorded in tree rings appear to be driven by initial increases in photosynthesis, and later by increases in leaf area index. Tree-ring isotopic applications can provide key insights to a much broader range of silvicultural objectives than included here, and we encourage their application in large-scale silvicultural experiments to reduce uncertainties and explain mechanisms of response. In future work, we suggest that management studies wishing to utilize tree-ring stable isotopic analysis include key ancillary measurements, especially leaf nitrogen concentrations, leaf-area index, xylemwater sources, and canopy temperature, to help support interpretation of the isotopic data.
Impact of Increasing CO2, and Air Pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3) on the Stable Isotope Ratios in Tree Rings
Authors: Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Savard Martine M. , Grams Thorsten E. E. , Voelker Steve 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic activities such as industrialization, land use change and intensification of agriculture strongly contribute to changes in the concentrations of atmospheric trace gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2), oxidized N compounds(NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone(O3) have particularly significant impacts on plant physiology. CO2, the substrate for plant photosynthesis, is in the focus of interest as the ambiguous effect of its increasing concentration is controversially discussed. Is its increase beneficial for plants or are plants non-responsive? NOx, a product of combustion and lightning, can have either fertilizing or toxic effects depending on the concentration and form. This is also the case for reduced forms of nitrogen(NHy), which are mostly emitted from agricultural and industrial activities. In combination CO2and N compounds can have a fertilizing effect. SO2 and ground-level O3 are mostly phytotoxic, depending on their concentrations, daily and seasonal exposure dynamics, and tree health condition. Elevated concentrations of both substances arise from industrial combustion processes and car emissions. All of the above-mentioned gaseous compounds affect plant metabolism in their specific ways and to different degrees. This impacts the isotope fractionation leaving specific fingerprints in the C, O, (H) and N isotope ratios of organic matter. In this chapter we will show how the impact of increasing CO2 and air pollutants are reflected in the isotopic ratios of tree rings. Increasing CO2 shows a considerable variation in responses of δ13C and to a minor degree in δ18O. Ozone and SO2 exposure cause an overall increase of the δ13C values in tree rings and a slight decrease in δ18O, mimicking an increase in net photosynthesis (AN) and to a minor degree in stomatal conductance (gs). However, directly measured AN and gs values show the opposite, which does not always correspond with the isotope derived gas exchange data. NO2 concentration as it is found near highly frequented freeways or industrial plants causes an increase of δ13C while δ18O decreases. This indicates an increase in both AN and gs, which corresponds well with directly measured gas exchange data. Thus the air quality situation must be taken in consideration for the interpretation of isotope values in tree rings.