bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation and Design Optimization of Large-Scale Geothermal Production Based on a Multiwell Layout in Xianxian Geothermal Field
Authors: Liu Yanguang , Guo Lina , Wang Yan , Liao Yuzhong , Zhao Gui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Large-scale geothermal production based on a multiwell layout has been promoted by the development of clean energy. However, the theories about the effects of this geothermal production pattern on the temperature field of geothermal reservoirs are yet to be improved, which hinders the design optimization of the deployment schemes of geothermal wells. This study proposed a 3D geothermal multiwell simulation method covering the heat transfer in wellbores by introducing the geothermal well theory of 1D line elements, thus improving the calculation efficiency without reducing the calculation accuracy. By taking the geothermal development using multiple wells in the Xianxian geothermal field, China, as an example, this study firstly analyzed the evolution of the temperature field in geothermal reservoirs during the geothermal exploitation based on a multiwell layout. Then, it revealed the influencing mechanisms of geothermal multiwell effect, reinjection depth, and well spacing on the thermal breakthrough of exploitation wells. Finally, it proposed an optimized design method for the geothermal development based on a multiwell layout. All these will provide scientific support for the large-scale geothermal production based on exploitation-reinjection combination using multiple wells.
Static and Dynamic Bulk Moduli of Deepwater Reservoir Sands: Influence of Pressure and Fluid Saturation
Authors: Wang Yang , Han De-Hua , Zhao Luanxiao , Li Hui , Long Teng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe static bulk modulus of unconsolidated sands is essential for predicting the in situ effective pressure to reduce drilling risks in deepwater reservoirs; however, the dynamic bulk modulus is often more broadly available from seismic or well logging data. Therefore, it is tempting to investigate the relationship between static and dynamic bulk moduli. We perform a series of ultrasonic velocity measurements on 21 deepwater reservoir sands from the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) to study the static and dynamic bulk moduli simultaneously. Both room-dry and brine-saturated ultrasonic velocities are measured under hydrostatic stress conditions to derive the dynamic bulk moduli. Under brine-saturated conditions, if the pore pressure is kept constant, the pore volume change with the confining pressure can be monitored accurately by a digital pump, which is subsequently used to estimate the static bulk modulus. The experimental results suggest that both the static and dynamic bulk moduli decrease upon pressure unloading. The pressure-dependent bulk moduli are modeled using the Hertz-Mindlin contact theory at the critical porosity and combined with the modified Hashin-Shtrikman lower bound for other porosities. The results suggest that the theoretical estimates can serve as the lower bound for the dynamic bulk modulus and the upper bound for the static bulk modulus. Under room-dry conditions, the static-to-dynamic modulus ratio decreases from a value approaching 0.8 to approximately 0.25 with decreasing differential pressure. Moreover, the effects of brine saturation on the relationship between the static and dynamic moduli are investigated using Gassmann’s equation. The brine saturation substantially reduces the difference between the static and dynamic bulk moduli, making the static-to-dynamic modulus ratio approach unity, which may be relevant to the in situ reservoir rock properties.
Crosstalk among strenuous exercise, IL-6 and S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19 may explain the rare adverse effects of myocarditis and thrombosis in recently vaccinated young people. A prospective observational study.
Authors: Elkazzaz Mahmoud Ramadan , Alshuwaier Ghareeb , Ahmed Amr Kamal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a type of interleukin that functions as both a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine. It is encoded by the IL6 gene in humans. Both COVID-19 infection and S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19 were found to induce the production of proinflammatory IL-6, and also, strenuous exercise was found to induce IL-6 secretion by the skeletal muscles via lactate. Exercise causes skeletal muscle cells to release IL-6, and it raises the plasma concentration of IL-6 100 times higher than at rest . Exercise-induced IL-6 release is highly correlated with exercise intensity and duration; thus, IL-6 is regarded as an energy sensor released by contracting muscles. but It was found that rare adverse effects such as myocardial infarction and coagulation abnormalities , are rarely associated with S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19. Recently, it was showed in a study that most patients who experienced myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccine were young male youth aged 16 to 29 years had the highest incidence of myocarditis. Interestingly, It was observed that IL-6 was linked to adverse effects such as thrombosis and myocarditis, both of which are similar to that was caused by COVID-19 infection, and that S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19. Here, we propose a testable hypothesis that strenuous exercise could be a risk and cofactor helping in the existing of these adverse effects in young people such as myocarditis and thrombosis via induction the secretion of proinflammatory IL-6. In our prospective observational study we will assess the possible correlation among the strenuous exercise , IL-6, myocarditis and thrombosis. The study will be multi-center and will involve young patient who will be vaccinated with first ,second and third dose of S-Protein Based Vaccines for COVID-19 (Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine). Pfizer and BioNTech have successfully developed the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, which consists of the full-length S glycoprotein with the K986P and V987P mutation sites. Also, Moderna's mRNA-1273 vaccine contains the coding sequence for a S glycoprotein stabilized by a pair of proline substitutions (K986P/V987P), a transmembrane anchor, and an intact S1-S2 cleavage site
SEFSD: An Effective Deployment Algorithm for Fog Computing Systems
Authors: Chen Huan , Chang Wei-Yan , Chiu Tai-Lin , Chiang Ming-Chao , Tsai Chun-Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fog computing aims to mitigate data communication delay by deploying fog nodes to provide servers in the proximity of users and offload resource-hungry tasks that would otherwise be sent to distant cloud servers. In this paper, we propose an effective fog device deployment algorithm based on a new metaheuristic algorithm–search economics–to solve the optimization problem for the deployment of fog computing systems. Compared with conventional metaheuristic algorithms, the proposed algorithm is unique in that it first divides the solution space into a set of regions to increase search diversity and then allocates different computational resources to each region according to their potentials. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we compare it with several classical fog computing deployment algorithms. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm provides lower network latency and higher quality of service than the other deployment algorithms evaluated in this study.
The Effect of Posterior Draw During Graft Fixation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Sung-Sahn , Cho Jin-Ho , Heo Jae Won 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: We think reduction forced toward the posterior side during graft fixation could be helpful in reducing the side-to-side difference (STSD) after ACL reconstruction. The purpose of our study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of graft fixation with or without a posterior draw during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery.Methods: Among 110 patients who underwent primary arthroscopic ACL reconstruction between January 2017 and August 2020, 76 patients underwent surgery without a posterior draw (non-draw group) and 34 patients underwent ACL reconstruction with posterior draw (draw group). Results of the Lachman test, pivot-shift test, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, and STSD on stress radiography were compared between the two groups.Results: The postoperative WOMAC index, Lysholm score, and IKDC subjective score were similar with the draw group. Postoperative STSD (non-draw group vs draw group, 2.4 ± 2.2 vs 2.0 ± 2.2, P = 0.319) and change of STSD (preoperative STSD vs postoperative STSD, 3.5 ± 3.5 vs 4.3 ± 4.4, P = 0.295) were not superior in the draw group.Conclusion: Graft fixation with a posterior draw was not helpful in enhancing postoperative stability during ACL reconstruction. Postoperative clinical outcomes were also not superior in the draw group.Study design: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
α-synuclein C-terminal Truncation Modulates Its Cytotoxicity and Aggregation by Promoting Its N-terminal Interactions With Membrane and Chaperone
Authors: Zhang Cai , Pei Yunshan , Zhang Zeting , Xu Lingling , Liu Xiaoli , Jiang Ling , Pielak Gary , Zhou Xin , Liu Maili , Li Conggang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is the main protein component of Lewy bodies, the major pathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). C-terminal truncated forms of α-syn are found in the brain of PD patients, and reduce cell viability, as well as tend to form fibrils. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of C-terminal truncation on the cytotoxicity and aggregation of α-syn. The N-terminal domain of α-syn interacts with membranes and molecular chaperones, and these interactions are critical for the protein’s physiological function and its pathological effects in PD. Here, we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a co-flotation assay, dynamic light scattering, and thioflavin T fluorescence to show that the truncation alters α-syn conformation, resulting in a new attractive interaction of the N-terminus with membranes and molecular chaperone, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Remarkably, the truncated protein is more toxic to mitochondria than full-length protein and diminishes the effect of PDI on α-syn fibrillation. Our findings reveal a modulatory role for the C-terminus in the cytotoxicity and aggregation of α-syn by interfering the interaction of the N-terminus with membrane and chaperone.
Midline Mandibulotomy Approach For Oral Cavity And Oropharynx Tumors: Long-Term Experience In A Single Institution
Authors: López-Arcas José M , Vadillo Juan Manuel , Castillo José L Del , Lara Patricia A , Cebrián José L. , Ruiz-Sánchez Beatriz , Aragoneses Juan M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To describe our clinical experience with the use of the midline mandibulotomy approach for oral cavity and oropharynx tumors. Methods: Charts were reviewed retrospectively for 67 consecutive patients who underwent mandibulotomies over a 15-year period (2002-2017) as part of their treatment for oral and oropharyngeal malignancies, with an average follow-up of 57.7 months. Results: Sixty-seven patients underwent a mandibulotomy. There were 59 males (88%) with a mean age of 56.9 years and eight females (12%) with a mean age 56.5 years. The approach was a midline mandibulotomy in 50 patients (74.6%), a paramedian mandibulotomy in 10 patients (14.9%), and a posterior mandibulotomy in seven (10.44%: angle 1 (1.5%), body 5 (7.5%), and ramus 1 (1.5%). In the group of patients undergoing median or paramedian mandibulotomies, adequate exposure of the lesion was achieved in all cases with a significant lower rate of complications (13,4%) (p<0.005) compared to the posterior mandibulotomy group (37,5%) .Conclusions: The results of the study confirm that the anterior mandibulotomy approach provides excellent exposure for oral and oropharyngeal tumors, with a significant lower complication rate compared to the posterior mandibulotomy approach.Until minimally invasive Robotic technology is not widespread, conventional techniques such as midline mandibulotomy approaches, with “modern-times” refinements still have their place in head and neck oncology surgery
Does the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Impact on the Indian Summer Monsoon 1-Dimensional?
Authors: Thandlam Venugopal , Hasibur Rahaman , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlee Erik , M Ravichandran , S.S.V.S Ramakrishna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent rapid changes in the global climate and warming temperatures increase the demand for local and regional weather forecasting and analysis to improve the accuracy of seasonal forecasting of extreme events such as droughts and floods. On the other hand, the role of ocean variability is at a focal point in improving the forecasting at different time scales. Here we study the effect of Indian Ocean mean sea level anomaly (MSLA) and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) on Indian summer monsoon rainfall during 1993-2019. While SSTA and MSLA have been increasing in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO), these parameters' large-scale variability and pre-monsoon winds could impact the inter-annual Indian monsoon rainfall variability over homogeneous regions. Similarly, antecedent heat capacitance over SWIO on an inter-annual time scale has been the key to the extreme monsoon rainfall variability from an oceanic perspective. Though both SSTA and MSLA over SWIO have been influenced by El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO), the impact of SWIO variability was low on rainfall variability over several homogeneous regions. However, rainfall over northeast (NE) and North India (NI) has been moulded by ENSO, thus changing the annual rainfall magnitude. Nevertheless, the impact of ENSO on monsoon rainfall through SWIO variability during the antecedent months is moderate. Thus, the ENSO influence on the atmosphere could be dominating the ocean part in modulating the inter-annual variability of the summer monsoon. Analysis shows that the cooler (warmer) anomaly over the western Indian Ocean affects rainfall variability adversely (favourably) due to the reversal of the wind pattern during the pre-monsoon period.
Intravitreal Conbercept Combined With Dexamethasone for Macular Edema Following Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Wu Peipei , Zhang Panpan , Chu Wenjuan , Xu Jing , Li Longfei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injections of Conbercept alone and combined with dexamethasone (DEX) for macular edema (ME) following central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Methods: This was a prospective, single-masked, randomised, controlled clinical trial. 65 eyes of 65 patients with ME following CRVO were randomised into groups to receive intravitreal injections of 0.5 mg Conbercept plus 0.2 mg DEX or 0.5 mg Conbercept alone on day 0 followed by repeat injections as indicated during a 12-month follow-up period. The primary outcome measure was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 12. Secondary outcome measures included decrease in central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to month 12, injection frequency and interval and percentage of patients who gained more than 15 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters or achieved a CRT of < 250 μm at month 12.Results: Both groups showed significant and comparable BCVA improvements and CRT decreases at the final follow-up. The Conbercept + DEX group received fewer intravitreal injections; the third and fourth intravitreal injections were performed later compared to the Conbercept group (P < 0.01). No major complications occurred after intravitreal injections.Conclusions: Conbercept, alone or with DEX, can improve visual acuity and reduce CRT in ME following CRVO without serious adverse events. The treatment interval was longer and injection frequency lower in the Conbercept + DEX group.Trial registration: The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry at 5 July 2017. (http://www.chictr.org.cn, 05/07/2017Registerion Number: ChiCTR-INR-17011877)
Outdoor Vector Biting, Feeding on Animal and Pyrethroid Resistance Potential Drivers of Persistent Malaria Transmission in Zanzibar
Authors: Musiba Revocatus Musyangi , Tarimo Brian B. , Monroe April , Msaky Dickson , Ngowo Halfan , Mihayo Kimberly , Limwagu Alex , Chila Godlove T. , Shubis Gasper K. , Ibrahim Ahmada , Greer George , Mcha Juma H. , Abbas Faiza , Ali Abdullah , Okumu Fredros O , Kiware Samson 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background:Low-level of malaria transmission persist in Zanzibar despite high coverage of core vector control interventions. This study was carried out in hot-spot shehias to better understand entomological factors that may contribute to residual malaria transmission in Zanzibar. Methods:A total of 135 households were randomly selected from six sites and consented to participate with 20-25 households per site. Mosquito vector surveillance was carried out indoors and outdoors from 6:00PM–7:00AM using miniaturized double net trap (DN-MiniTM). Additional collections were done indoors using mouth aspirators to retrieve resting mosquitoes from wall and ceiling surfaces, and outdoors using resting bucket and pit traps. All collected mosquitoes were morphologically and genetically (PCR) analysed in the laboratory. All collected anopheline and blood-fed mosquitoes were analysed for sporozoite infection and blood meal host preferences by Circumsporozoite Protein ELISA and blood meal ELISA respectively. The differences between indoor and outdoor mosquito biting rates were analysed using generalized linear mixed models. Levels of resistance to commonly used insecticides were quantified by WHO susceptibility tests.Results:Out of 704 malaria vectors collected across 135 households, PCR analysis shows that 98.60% were Anopheles arabiensis, 0.6% Anopheles merus and 0.6% Anopheles gambiae.s.s. Sporozoite ELISA analysis indicates that all mosquitoes were negative for the malaria parasite. The results show that more An. arabiensis were collected outdoor (~85%) compared to indoor (~15%). Furthermore, large numbers of An. arabiensis were caught in outdoor resting sites, where the pit trap (67.2%) collected more mosquitoes compared to the outdoor DN-Mini trap (32.8%). Nearly two-thirds (60.7%) of blood-fed mosquitoes had obtained blood meals from non-human hosts. Mosquitoes displayed non-uniform susceptibility status and resistance intensity among the tested insecticides across the study sites to all WHO recommended insecticides across the study sites.Conclusion:This study suggests that in contexts such as Zanzibar, testing of novel techniques to complement indoor protection and targeting outdoor biting and/or resting mosquitoes, may be warranted to complement existing interventions and contribute to malaria elimination efforts. The study highlights the need to implement novel interventions and/or adaptations of strategies that can target outdoors biting mosquitoes.
Clinical reasoning pattern used in oral health problem solving – A case study in Indonesian undergraduate dental student
Authors: Chrismawaty Bernadetta Esti , Emilia Ova , Rahayu Gandes Retno , Ana Ika Dewi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Health professionals in carrying out clinical practice are known to use various combinations of knowledge and skills, such as critical thinking, clinical reasoning, clinical judgment, problem-solving, and decision-making. Most of these skills are acquired during undergraduate education, clinical training and honed through professional practice. Aims: This study aims to observe the clinical reasoning patterns of undergraduate dental students when solving oral health problems from hypothetical cases. Furthermore, assessing their structure of knowledge through a concept map defined by a SOLO taxonomy. Material and method: This qualitative study employed the think-aloud method and the result was assessed through verbal protocol analyses. Five respondents from the final year dental undergraduate student were agreed to participate. A unique hypothetical clinical scenario was used as a trigger. The audio data were transcribed, interpreted, and categorized as a clinical reasoning pattern; and the concept maps created were assessed by SOLO Taxonomy as knowledge structures. Result: A hypothetico-deductive, an elaborated hypothetico-deductive, and an inductive or deductive reasoning model were found to be applied by the participants when solving problems. The reasoning used reflects the knowledge possessed. The variability of the structure of knowledge assessed by the concept map reflected the acquired knowledge during the pedagogical stage, which in turn have an effect on clinical reasoning patterns.Conclusion: It concluded that undergraduate dental student applies clinical reasoning patterns according to their level of knowledge structure. It is suggested to improve dental education, whether curriculum, teaching and learning methods, instructional methods, or dental environment, which emphasize critical thinking and clinical reasoning in order to provide optimal dental health services.
Volumetric ultrasound localization microscopy of the whole brain microvasculature
Authors: Couture Olivier , Heiles Baptiste , Hingot Vincent , Serroune Hicham , Maresca David , Pezet Sophie , Pernot Mathieu , Tanter Mickael , Chavignon Arthur , Bergel Antoine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Technologies to visualize whole organs across scales in vivo are essential for our understanding of biology in health and disease. To date, only post-mortem techniques achieve cellular resolution across entire organs. 2D ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) suffers from reprojection issues and out-of-plane motion preventing complex blood flow quantification and fast volumetric imaging. Here, we demonstrate for the first time in vivo volumetric ULM. We developed a complete methodological pipeline including a dedicated 3D acquisition sequence, localization, tracking, motion correction and realignment algorithms, as well as post-processing quantification of cerebral blood flow. We illustrate the power of this approach, by revealing the whole rat brain vasculature at a resolution of 12 μm, and cerebral blood flows ranging from 1 to 120 mm/s. Our results pave the way to the investigation of in vivo vascular processes across the mammalian brain in health and disease, in a wide range of contexts and models.