bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for early‐onset neonatal sepsis on the Kaiser Permanente sepsis risk calculator could reduce neonatal antibiotic usage by two‐thirds
Authors: Fernandes Michelle , Winckworth Lucinda , Lee Lyrille , Akram Madiha , Struthers Simon 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTImportanceEffective screening strategies for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) have the potential to reduce high volume parenteral antibiotics (PAb) usage in neonates.ObjectiveTo compare management decisions for EONS, between CG149 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines and those projected through the virtual application of the Kaiser Permanente sepsis risk calculator (SRC) in a level 2 neonatal unit at a district general hospital (DGH).MethodsHospital records were reviewed for maternal and neonatal risk factors for EONS, neonatal clinical examination findings, and microbial culture results for all neonates born at ≥34 weeks’ gestation between February and July 2019, who were (1) managed according to CG149‐NICE guidelines or (2) received PAb within 72 h following birth at a DGH in Winchester, UK. SRC projections were obtained using its virtual risk estimator.ResultsSixty infants received PAb within the first 72 h of birth during the study period. Of these, 19 (31.7%) met SRC criteria for antibiotics; 20 (33.3%) met the criteria for enhanced observations and none had culture‐proven sepsis. Based on SRC projections, neonates with ‘≥1 NICE clinical indicator and ≥1 risk factor' were most likely to have a sepsis risk score (SRS) >3. Birth below 37 weeks’ gestation (risk ratio [RR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–5.22) and prolonged rupture of membranes (RR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.16–8.48) increased the risk of an SRS >3.InterpretationScreening for EONS on the SRC could potentially reduce PAb usage by 68% in term and near‐term neonates in level 2 neonatal units.
Side‐chain modifications of phyllobilins may not be essential for chlorophyll degradation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Hauenstein Mareike , Hörtensteiner Stefan , Aubry Sylvain 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisposing efficiently and safely chlorophyll derivatives during senescence requires a coordinated pathway that is well conserved throughout green plants. The PAO/phyllobilin pathway catalyzes the degradation of the chlorophyll during senescence and allows detoxification of the pigment and its subsequent export from the chloroplast. Although most of the chloroplastic reactions involved in chlorophyll degradation are well understood, the diversity of enzymes responsible for downstream modifications of non‐phototoxic phyllobilins remains to be explored. More than 40 phyllobilins have been described to date, but only three enzymes catalyzing side‐chain reactions have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, namely, TIC55, CYP89A9, and MES16. Here, by generating a triple mutant, we evaluate the extent to which these enzymes are influencing the rate and amplitude of chlorophyll degradation at the metabolite as well as its regulation at the transcriptome level. Our data show that major side‐chain modifications of phyllobilins do not influence significantly chlorophyll degradation or leaf senescence, letting the physiological relevance of their striking diversity an open question.
Registration of ‘ARTPEA/BBT/72/B’ and ‘ARTPEA/BBT/22/W’, brown blotch‐tolerant and early‐maturing cowpea cultivars for humid ecologies of Nigeria
Authors: Adetumbi Johnson A. , Akinyosoye Solomon T. , Oduwaye Olubusola F. , Kareem Kehinde T. , Olakojo Samuel A. , Kehinde Tolu O. , Adekoya Modinat A. , Adeniji Olawale T. , Fayeun Lawrence S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrown blotch disease, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schew), is one of the most destructive diseases affecting cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] in the humid agro‐ecologies of southwestern Nigeria. Development of resistant or tolerant cowpea cultivars was identified as the most economical and effective means of addressing the threat of this disease. Two improved cowpea cultivars, ‘ARTPEA/BBT/72/B’ (Reg. no. CV‐347, PI 700856; also known as Remilekun) and ‘ARTPEA/BBT/22/W’ (Reg. no. CV‐346, PI 700855; also known as Boluyo) (National Code numbers NGVU‐22‐41 and NGVU‐22‐42), were developed through the pedigree breeding method from reciprocal crosses between IT‐95K‐193‐12 and ‘Ife‐Brown’ and released by the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria, in 2022. They were bred for early maturity, high yield, and enhanced tolerance to brown blotch disease in the humid agro‐ecologies of southwestern Nigeria. ARTPEA/BBT/72/B and ARTPEA/BBT/22/W along with their parents and other breeding lines were evaluated in 10 locations for 2 yr on 16 farmers’ fields between 2020 and 2021. ARTPEA/BBT/72/B (Remilekun) and ARTPEA/BBT/22/W (Boluyo) are tolerant to brown blotch disease, early maturing (60–75 d), high yielding (1–1.2 t/ha), non‐photoperiod sensitive, and adaptable to Nigeria's humid agro‐ecologies. They can be cultivated twice a year for enhanced cowpea production in Nigeria.
A two‐fluid single‐column model of turbulent shallow convection. Part II: Single‐column model formulation and numerics
Authors: Thuburn John , Efstathiou Georgios A. , McIntyre William A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe two‐fluid single‐column model of Thuburn et al. (Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2019, 145, 1535–1550) is extended to include moisture and horizontal wind shear. Turbulent kinetic energy is introduced as a prognostic variable, dependence on a diagnosed boundary‐layer height is removed, and subfilter fluxes are approximated using a two‐fluid version of a Mellor–Yamada scheme. Three mechanisms for entrainment and detrainment processes are introduced, which represent entrainment of unstable air at the surface, forced detrainment of air at the top of the boundary/cloud layers, and turbulent mixing that relaxes the convective fluid to a reference profile. A semi‐implicit Eulerian discretization replaces the semi‐implicit semi‐Lagrangian implementation of Thuburn et al. (Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 2019, 145, 1535–1550) to improve numerical stability and conservation. The equations for the implicit time step are solved using a quasi‐Newton method, which is shown to perform well in numerical tests for conservation and convergence. The two‐fluid single‐column model presented in this article will be applied to simulations of shallow cumulus convection in Part III.
A fast gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode screening method for short‐chain and medium‐chain chlorinated paraffins
Authors: Schweizer Sina , Schulz Tobias , Vetter Walter 
Published: August 2022

RationaleChlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a group of anthropogenic pollutants that consist of complex mixtures of polychlorinated n‐alkanes of different chain lengths (~C10 to C30). Persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and long‐range transport of short‐chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs, C10‐ to C13‐CPs) have prompted their classification as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention in 2017. Due to the varying chain lengths and chlorination degrees, quantification of SCCPs and medium‐chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs, C14‐ to C17) using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode (GC/ECNI‐MS‐SIM) is not only challenging but also very time consuming. In particular, up to eight GC runs per sample are required for the comprehensive GC/ECNI‐MS‐SIM quantification of SCCPs and MCCPs. These efforts are high especially if the samples do not contain CPs above the limit of detection (LOD), subsequently.MethodsWe developed a semi‐quantitative and sensitive method for the examination of SCCPs and MCCPs in one GC run. This GC/ECNI‐MS‐SIM screening method was based on the recording of Cl− (m/z 35 and 37), Cl2− (m/z 70 and 72), and HCl2− (m/z 71 and 73) isotope ions and evaluation of the ratios between them.ResultsCorrectness of the results of the screening method was verified by analysis of edible oils with and without CPs, CP standards, as well as a technical CP mixture. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other polyhalogenated aromatic compounds, as well as brominated flame retardants, do not form all of the fragment ions analyzed by the screening method.ConclusionsAfter the screening, only CP‐positive samples may need to be measured in detail. Measurement time will already be gained in the case of ~10% samples without CPs.
Behavioral responses to risk promote vaccinating high‐contact individuals first
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHow should communities prioritize COVID‐19 vaccinations? Prior studies found that prioritizing the elderly and most vulnerable minimizes deaths. However, prior research has ignored how behavioral responses to risk of disease endogenously change transmission rates. We show that incorporating risk‐driven behavioral responses enhances fit to data and may change prioritization to vaccinating high‐contact individuals. Behavioral responses matter because deaths grow exponentially until communities are compelled to reduce contacts, with deaths stabilizing at levels that oblige higher‐contact groups to sufficiently cut their interactions and slow transmissions. More lives may be saved by vaccinating and taking those high‐contact groups out of transmission chains earlier because the remaining groups will take more precautions while waiting for their turn for vaccination. These findings are especially important considering the need for further vaccination in many countries, the emergence of new variants, and the expected challenge of distributing new vaccines in the coming months and years. © 2022 The Author. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Quantifying the COVID‐19 endgame: Is a new normal within reach?
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Sterman John 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEradication of COVID‐19 is out of reach. Are we close to a “new normal” in which people can leave behind restrictive non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) yet face a tolerable burden of disease? The answer depends on the ongoing risks versus communities' tolerance for those risks. Using a detailed model of the COVID‐19 pandemic spanning 93 countries, we estimate the biological and behavioral factors determining the risks and responses, and project the likely course of COVID‐19. Infection fatality rates have fallen significantly due to vaccination, prior infections, better treatments, and the less severe Omicron variant. Yet based on their estimated tolerance for deaths, most nations are not ready to live with COVID‐19 without any NPIs. Across the world the increased transmissibility of Omicron, combined with the decay of immunity, leads to repeated episodes of reinfections, hospitalizations, and deaths, complicating the emergence of a new normal in many nations. © 2022 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.
Equine skeletal scintigraphy: Comparing normal bone‐to‐soft tissue ratio 2 and 4 hours after injection with either hydroxymethylene diphosphonate or methylene diphosphonate
Authors: Pelli Anna C. , Winter Karsten , Offhaus Julia , Brehm Walter , Gerlach Kerstin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn equine skeletal scintigraphy, there is no information about the possible influence of different phosphonate compounds on image quality.MethodsThis prospective randomised study determined bone uptake changes and image quality for hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in equine patients at different time points. Scintigraphic images of the radius and the tibia of 20 horses were acquired at 2 and 4 hours after injection of either technetium‐labelled HDP or MDP. Three regions of interest were identified—in the bone diaphysis, adjacent soft tissue and background area—to determine the normal bone‐to‐soft tissue ratio (BSR). Qualitative analysis was performed using a modified scoring system.ResultsIn terms of BSR and count rates, HDP showed a slightly better incorporation into bone compared to MDP, but significant differences were only detected for count rates at 4 hours after injection (p = 0.048). The radiopharmaceutical used did not influence qualitative image scoring, which was correlated with the BSR (ρ = 0.49; p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionThe choice of HDP or MDP for equine skeletal scintigraphy does not seem to substantially affect BSR and qualitative image scoring. Further studies with a larger sample size, including the evaluation of lesion detection ability for both bone‐seeking agents, are needed.
Variational geometric approach to the thermodynamics of porous media
Authors: Gay‐Balmaz François , Putkaradze Vakhtang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany applications of porous media research involves high pressures and, correspondingly, exchange of thermal energy between the fluid and the matrix. While the system is relatively well understood for the case of nonmoving porous media, the situation when the elastic matrix can move and deform, is much more complex. In this paper, we derive the equations of motion for the dynamics of deformable porous media, which includes the effects of friction forces, stresses, and heat exchanges between the media, by using the new methodology of variational approach to thermodynamics. This theory extends the recently developed variational derivation of the mechanics of deformable porous media to include thermodynamic processes and can easily include incompressibility constraints. The model for the combined fluid‐matrix system, written in the spatial frame, is developed by introducing mechanical and additional variables describing the thermal energy part of the system, writing the action principle for the system, and using a nonlinear, nonholonomic constraint on the system deduced from the second law of thermodynamics. The resulting equations give us the general version of possible friction forces incorporating thermodynamics, Darcy‐like forces, and friction forces similar to those used in the Navier–Stokes equations. The equations of motion are valid for arbitrary dependence of the kinetic and potential energies on the state variables. The results of our work are relevant for geophysical applications, industrial applications involving high pressures and temperatures, food processing industry, and other situations when both thermodynamical and mechanical considerations are important.
Safety Planning and Lethal Means Counseling with Youth
Authors: Monahan Maureen F. , Stanley Barbara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLethal means counseling and safety planning (i.e., a written list of individualized coping strategies and sources of support) are empirically supported strategies to prevent suicidal behavior. Both approaches are often prescribed as ways to manage clients’ risk of suicide. However, there is limited guidance on how to effectively implement these strategies with youth. In this chapter, we review current literature on safety planning and lethal means counseling and highlight adaptations for working with youth. We further recommend areas for future research in training and implementation of safety planning and lethal means counseling.
Besonderheiten der kreativen Umgebung: Auswahl offener Aufgaben und Einsatz (meta-)kognitiver Prompts
Authors: Bruhn Svenja 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungUm erste unterrichtspraktische Konsequenzen zur Gestaltung eines Mathematikunterrichts abzuleiten, in dem Schüler*innen bei der Bearbeitung offener Aufgaben kreativ werden können,
wurde zum einen die Auswahl der arithmetisch offenen Aufgaben fokussiert. Die Analyse ergab, dass die individuelle mathematische Kreativität ein aufgabenspezifisches Konstrukt ist. Zum
anderen zeigen die Ergebnisse aus der Analyse der verschiedenen eingesetzten Lernprompts, dass eine individuelle Unterstützung der Elaborationsfähigkeit der jungen Schulkinder
insbesondere durch metakognitive Prompts möglich und bedeutsam war.
Offene Aufgaben zum Anregen der individuellen mathematischen Kreativität
Authors: Bruhn Svenja 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungAusgehend von der Darstellung verschiedener mathematikdidaktischer Bezeichnungen für Aufgaben, welche die individuelle mathematische Kreativität von Schüler*innen anregen, wird der Begriff der offenen Aufgabenbegründet ausgewählt und dieser Aufgabentyp mit Blick auf eine kreative Bearbeitung konkret charakterisiert. Damit alle Schüler*innen ihre individuelle mathematische Kreativität zeigen können, werden nachfolgend arithmetisch offene Aufgaben spezifiziert, die mithilfe des Zahlenblicks kreativ bearbeitet werden können.
Topological strings and Wilson loops
Authors: Huang Min-xin , Lee Kimyeong , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose the refined topological string correspondence to the expectation values of half-BPS Wilson loop operators in 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theory partition function on the Omega-deformed background $$ {\mathbb{R}}_{\upepsilon_{1,2}}^4 $$

ℝ

ϵ

1
,
2

4

× S1. We provide the refined topological vertex method and the refined holomorphic anomaly equation method in the topological string theory, from which we have exact computations on the 5d Wilson loops partition functions in both A- and B-models. Finally, with the exact results we have in B-model, we recover the quantum periods of local ℙ1 × ℙ1 model and local ℙ2 model in the study of quantum geometry and we further give a refined generalization of A-period.
The growth of operator entropy in operator growth
Authors: Fan Zhong-Ying 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We study upper bounds on the growth of operator entropy SK in operator growth. Using uncertainty relation, we first prove a dispersion bound on the growth rate |∂tSK| ≤ 2b1∆SK, where b1 is the first Lanczos coefficient and ∆SK is the variance of SK. However, for irreversible process, this bound generally turns out to be too loose at long times. We further find a tighter bound in the long time limit using a universal logarithmic relation between Krylov complexity and operator entropy. The new bound describes the long time behavior of operator entropy very well for physically interesting cases, such as chaotic systems and integrable models.
Modulating Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy with Mitochondrially Targeted Endonucleases
Authors: Mikhailov Nikita , Hämäläinen Riikka H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMitochondria, mainly known as energy factories of eukaryotic cells, also exert several additional signaling and metabolic functions and are today recognized as major cellular biosynthetic and signaling hubs. Mitochondria possess their own genome (mitochondrial DNA—mtDNA), that encodes proteins essential for oxidative phosphorylation, and mutations in it are an important contributor to human disease. The mtDNA mutations often exist in heteroplasmic conditions, with both healthy and mutant versions of the mtDNA residing in patients’ cells and the level of mutant mtDNA may vary between different tissues and organs and affect the clinical outcome of the disease. Thus, shifting the ratio between healthy and mutant mtDNA in patients’ cells provides an intriguing therapeutic option for mtDNA diseases. In this review we describe current strategies for modulating mitochondrial heteroplasmy levels with engineered endonucleases including mitochondrially targeted TALENs and Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and discuss their therapeutic potential. These gene therapy tools could in the future provide therapeutic help both for patients with mitochondrial disease as well as in preventing the transfer of pathogenic mtDNA mutations from a mother to her offspring.
“Digital biomarkers” in preclinical heart failure models — a further step towards improved translational research
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Balitzki Jakob , Grmaca Ljubica , Vogel Julia , Boehme Philip , Boden Katharina , Hüser Jörg , Truebel Hubert , Mondritzki Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInnovations in the development of novel heart failure therapies are essential to further increase the predictive value of early research findings. Animal models are still playing a pivotal role in ‘translational research’. In recent years, the transferability from animal studies has been more and more critically discussed due to persistent high attrition rates in clinical trials. However, there is an increasing trend to implement mobile health devices in preclinical studies. These devices can increase the predictive value of animal models by providing more accurate and translatable data and protect from confounding factors. This review outlines the current prevalence and opportunities of these techniques in preclinical heart failure research studies to accelerate the integration of these important tools. A literature screening for preclinical heart failure studies in large animals implementing telemetry devices over the last decade was performed. Twelve out of 43 publications were included. A variety of different hemodynamic and cardiac parameters can be recorded in conscious state by means of telemetry devices in both, the animal model and the patient. The measurement quality is consistently rated as valid and robust. Mobile health technologies functioning as digital biomarkers represent a more predictive approach compared to the traditionally used invasive measurement techniques, due to the possibility of continuous data collection in the conscious animal. Furthermore, they help to implement the 3R concept (reduction, refinement, replacement) in animal research. Despite this, the use of these techniques in preclinical research has been restrained to date.
Indigenous Sundanese Leadership: Eco-Systemic Lessons on Zero Emissions
Authors: Widianingsih Ida , McIntyre Janet Judy , Rakasiwi Ugi Sugriana , Iskandar Gustaff Harriman , Wirawan Rudolf 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Ecology of mind’ (Bateson, 1972) is a key concept applied to this project engaged in by a social anthropologist, a policy researcher, and a Sundanese Chief. Together we explore how the agendas for COP 26 could be attained and to what extent the Nobel economist Elinor Ostrom’s (2018) eight principles are relevant for managing the commons and key learnings that can be shared more broadly.The paper details the Sundanese forest community’s organisational systems to support living in ways that re-generate and sustain the forest and the way that the community has connected with Universitas Padjadjaran and an NGO called the Common Room Networks (common room.id), in order to support and extend their learning with nature program within and beyond Indonesia. Decolonising and learning from Indigenous leadership can be fostered through forming communities of practice between universities and indigenous leaders. The paper discusses how the Ciptagelar community demonstrates low carbon living and how they have organised agriculture in terms of a seasonal calendar. It makes the case that sharing their agricultural methods and community lifestyle to lower emissions could help to inspire others to follow their re-generative approach to governance and their organisational strategies. The paper demonstrates the relevance of Ostrom’s principles which are considered in relation to the case study. On the basis of a series of conversations held via zoom and email we make a case for learning from the leadership rooted in the Sundanese culture and demonstrated in West Java First Nations. It can be read as a twin paper with the paper on the Venda forest, titled ‘Eco-centric living: a way forward towards zero carbon’.