bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bidirectional relationship between growth and appetite regulation in the first year of life
Authors: Demetriou C , Singhal A , Lanigan J , Mahmood A , Vichas C , Hileti D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a public health crisis. Even though appetite traits in infancy were associated with childhood adiposity, whether early weight gain can influence later appetite has not been researched. Our aim was to prospectively examine the bidirectional association between growth and appetite traits during the first year of life. We followed up 450 healthy term infants for 12 months (m). Appetite traits at 4 weeks (wk), 6m and 12m were assessed using the Baby and Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaires. Infant feeding, anthropometric, socioeconomic and demographic data were also collected. Infant weight-for-age z-scores (WFAZ) were calculated using the WHO 2006 growth reference. Growth was assessed as conditional WFAZ change (cWFAZc) by saving the residuals from linear regression models of WFAZ at each successive time point versus WFAZ at the earlier time point. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyse bidirectional associations between cWFAZc (0-4wk, 4wk-6m, 6-12m) and appetite traits Enjoyment of Food (EF), Food Responsiveness (FR), Satiety Responsiveness (SR) and Slowness in Eating (SE) at 4wk, 6m and 12m. All models were adjusted for relevant confounders. At 4wk, SR score was associated with lower (β:-0.16; 95% CI:-0.28,-0.03), and FR score with higher (β:0.10; 95% CI:0.01,0.19) cWFAZc from 4wk to 12m. SR score at 6m was inversely associated with cWFAZc from 6-12m (β:-0.09; 95% CI:-0.16,-0.01). Conversely, higher cWFAZc between 4wk-6m was associated with higher EF (β:0.10; 95% CI:0.01,0.19) and FR (β:0.16; 95% CI:0.04,0.29) scores at 12m. cWFAZc between 6m-12m was inversely associated with SR at 12m (β:-0.18; 95% CI:-0.35,-0.01). Our results suggest that the growth acceleration hypothesis, where faster growth in infancy leads to later obesity, may be mediated by an up-regulation of appetite traits at 12m. This highlights the public health importance of avoiding growth acceleration in infancy as a way to curb the childhood obesity epidemic.

Key messages
• Weight gain in early infancy impacts appetite regulation in the first year of life and up-regulation of appetite traits at 12 months predisposes to childhood obesity.
• Avoiding growth acceleration in infancy can decrease the risk for childhood obesity.
Understanding eating-related health outcomes: connections between anxiety and eating behavior
Authors: Hussenoeder FS , Conrad I , Löbner M , Löffler M , Tönjes A , Sturmvoll M , Villringer A , Riedel-Heller S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Research shows that anxiety is connected to a variety of mental health outcomes, and that it is widespread among the population. In the light of the great personal and societal costs of obesity and eating disorders, we want to understand the connection between anxiety and different dimensions of eating behaviors that have a strong empirical link with negative eating-related health outcomes.

Methods
We used data from the population- based LIFE-Adult-Study (n = 5019) to analyze the connection between anxiety (GAD-7) and the three dimensions of eating behaviors: Cognitive Restraint, Disinhibition, and Hunger (FEV, German version of the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire). We controlled for sociodemographic variables, smoking, physical activity, personality, and social support.

Results
Multivariate regression analyses showed significant positive associations between anxiety and Disinhibition (β = 0.23, p ≤ 0.001), Hunger (β = 0.21, p ≤ 0.001) and Cognitive Restraint (β = 0.04, p ≤ 0.01). After adding control variables, analyses revealed significant positive associations between anxiety and Disinhibition (β = 0.15, p ≤ 0.001) as well as Hunger (β = 0.14, p ≤ 0.001), but not between anxiety and Cognitive Restraint (β = 0.03, p = 0.076).

Conclusions
There is an empirical connection between anxiety and two factors of eating behavior, i.e., Disinhibition and Hunger. If future research strengthens the assumption of a causal direction from anxiety to those factors, interventions that help individuals to better regulate and cope with anxiety, could be one potential pathway to reducing eating disorders and obesity in the population.

Key messages
• There is a significant connection between anxiety and eating behavior.
• Interventions that address anxiety could reduce problematic eating-related health outcomes like eating disorders and obesity.
11.D. Workshop: Depression comorbidity in prediabetes and diabetes: evaluating risk factors and outcomes
Authors:   Organised by: Tuebingen University (Germany),   Chair persons: Norbert Schmitz (Germany)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Depression is a common comorbidity in prediabetes and diabetes. Evidence for the interaction of depression and behavioural and biological risk factors for (pre-) diabetes and diabetes-related outcomes will be presented and discussed using longitudinal data from the Lifelines Cohort, the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, and the Cartagene study. In addition, digital phenotyping will be discussed as an alternative approach for the assessment of mobility and behaviour in people with diabetes.

Key messages
• Behavioural, psychosocial and biological risk factors might increase the risk of poor diabetes outcomes in a synergistic way.
• Prevention program for diabetes and diabetes realted outcomes should focus on behavioural, psychosocial and biological risk factors simultaneously.
Systemic inflammation and the risk of depression in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Schmitz N , Graham E , Deschenes S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Depression is a common co-morbidity in diabetes. The mechanisms underlying the association between depression and diabetes are poorly understood. Although risk factors, such as poor lifestyle behaviours, obesity, and stress have been identified, emerging evidence suggests that systemic inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis and recurrence of depression in people with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with an increased risk of major depression episodes in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods
A prospective, community-based study was conducted in Quebec, Canada. Individuals were recruited from the CARTaGENE (CaG) cohort, a population-based survey of Quebec residents aged 40 to 69 years. Our sample included 719 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 1423 individuals without diabetes. Individuals were assessed at baseline and 5 years after baseline. Major depression disorders were assessed using a clinical interview (CIDI). Inflammatory markers were assessed from blood samples. Elevated CRP levels were defined as ≥ 3 mg/L.

Results
Participants with both diabetes and elevated CRP levels had the highest risk of major depressive episodes (adjusted OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.45, 2.50), compared to those without diabetes and without elevated CRP levels. The risk of major depressive episodes in individuals with diabetes without elevated CRP episodes was lower (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.85, 1.73) and similar to the risk of those without diabetes and elevated CRP levels (adjusted OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.94, 1.39).

Discussion
The study highlights the interaction between diabetes, inflammatory makers, and depression in a community sample. Early identification, monitoring, and management of elevated inflammation levels might be an important depression prevention strategy in people with type 2 diabetes.
Primary mental health care in India for older people: stigmatization and community-orientation
Authors: Kafczyk T , Hämel K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In India, older persons are among the fastest growing population groups that are particularly vulnerable to an impaired mental health. Strengthening public primary mental health care (PMHC) has been one of the political priorities in recent years, including efforts to provide more old age-inclusive care. Many factors play a role in shaping equitable access to PMHC. In this study, we focus on how social norms and perceptions of mental health in old age on the community-level facilitate or hamper access to inclusive PMHC.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 14) from the fields of mental health and old age policy and practice have been conducted and analyzed.

Results
The interviewees describe barriers and opportunities towards old-age inclusive and community-oriented PMHC that go beyond the availability of services. The stigmatization of mental health - especially in old age - is a major barrier that is deeply rooted within the family and community care system. While experts stress the relevance of relatives in fostering mental health of older people, a lack of awareness of facets of mental health and a fear of stigmatization within communities prevents older persons and their family caregivers to seek formal mental healthcare. Moreover, experts describe an increasing disintegration of family support systems in rural and urban areas. Therefore, a more prominent role for outreach-support provided by community health workers (CHWs) is suggested. However, according to experts, transforming the scope of practice of CHWs to include mental healthcare for older persons is still predicted to be a major challenge.

Conclusions
To improve equitable access to and participation of older persons and their families in PMHC, the perceptions and attitudes towards mental health and old age need to be considered.
Language barriers for primary care access in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Evenden R , Singh N , Sornalingam S , Harrington S , Paudyal P 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
A recent increase in migration both inside Europe and from non-European countries has expanded the language profile of many European countries. As a result, there has been a significant increase in barriers to healthcare access experienced by linguistic minority migrants. This systematic review aims to explore language barriers in primary care, focusing on the experiences of linguistic minority migrants living in Europe.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Global Health were searched to identify studies published in English until May 2021. Qualitative and mixed methods studies on either linguistic minority migrants or healthcare workers working with linguistic minority migrants, exploring the impacts of language barriers in a primary care setting published were eligible. The studies were analysed using a Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach. Quality of the studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
16 studies from 14 different European countries were eligible. Participants in the studies included four groups: linguistic minority migrants (n = 11), healthcare workers (n = 10), interpreters (n = 1) and administrative staff (n = 1). Barriers identified included a lack of interpreters, limited cultural competence of practitioners, a lack of practitioner training and knowledge, a lack of accessible information for migrants, difficulties expressing emotions and building patient-practitioner relationships, and risks to women's bodily autonomy resulting from language barriers.

Conclusions
Linguistic minority migrants living in Europe face a number of barriers when accessing primary care. These barriers can risk patient safety, reduce the likelihood of seeking healthcare services, and impact patient experiences of healthcare services. There is a need for improved interpreter services, practitioner training, and information accessibility for both migrants and healthcare staff.

Key messages
• Linguistic minority migrants experience significant barriers to primary healthcare access across Europe.
• There is a need for improved interpreter services, practitioner training, and information accessibility for both migrants and healthcare staff.
Ethnicity and paediatric healthcare utilisation: Improving the quality of quantitative research
Authors: Zhang CX , Quigley MA , Bankhead C , Bentley T , Otasowie C , Carson C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the stark health inequities affecting minority ethnic populations in Europe. However, research on ethnic inequities and healthcare utilisation in children has seldom entered the policy discourse. A scoping review was conducted in the UK, summarising and appraising the quantitative evidence on ethnic differences (unequal) and inequities (unequal and unfair or disproportionate to healthcare needs) in paediatric healthcare utilisation.

Methods
Embase, Medline and grey literature sources were searched for studies published 2001-2021. Studies that found differences and inequities were mapped by ethnic group and healthcare utilisation outcome. They were appraised using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence appraisal checklists. The distribution of studies was described across various methodological parameters.

Results
Of the 61 included studies, most found evidence of ethnic variations in healthcare utilisation (n = 54, 89%). Less than half attempted to distinguish between ethnic differences and inequities (n = 27, 44%). Studies were concentrated on primary and preventive care and hospitalisation, with minimal evidence on emergency and outpatient care. The quality of studies was often limited by a lack of theory underpinning analytical decisions, resulting in conflation of difference and inequity, and heterogeneity in ethnic classification. The majority of studies examined children's ethnicity but overlooked parent/caregiver ethnicity, and also didn't investigate patterns across age, year or location.

Conclusions
To improve the validity, generalisability and comparability of research on ethnicity and paediatric healthcare utilisation, findings from this scoping review were used to develop recommendations for future research. These lessons could be applied more broadly across the European context to improve evidence generation and evidence-based policy-making to reduce inequities in healthcare.

Key messages
• Quantitative studies of ethnicity and paediatric healthcare utilisation in the UK lack the use of sound theoretical frameworks, and often do not distinguish between ethnic differences and inequities.
• The quality of future studies can be improved with greater attention to how ethnicity is classified and analysed, alongside specific considerations for examining healthcare utilisation in children.
Health Service Experiences of Transgender Individuals from Foreign Backgrounds in Finland
Authors: Czimbalmos M , Rask S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Internationally, an increasing body of scholarship has focused on the experiences of transgender individuals when accessing gender-affirming healthcare. However, the experiences of transgender individuals who belong to the foreign background population in Finland have rarely been studied. This study aims to fill the gap in research and contribute to the understanding of the experiences of acquiring gender-affirming healthcare among those, who fall into the intersections of transness and also identify of foreign origin in Finland.

Methods
Fourteen semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted and analyzed with reflexive thematic analysis (RTA), through the framework of intersectionality. The interviews were part of a broader sample of qualitative data, collected about the experiences of sexual and gender minorities among the foreign origin populations in Finland.

Results
The analysis showed two main interconnected themes. Firstly, perceived barriers when accessing gender-affirming care. In this theme, the intersections of transgender identity, foreign background, class, and age affected the experiences of the individuals. Secondly, the necessity of “performing identities:” the intersections of class, transgender identity, and race affected those.

Conclusions
The findings of the current study suggest that the intersectional aspects of individual identities create structural inequalities in the Finnish gender-affirmation healthcare system. To tackle these inequalities, further research is needed on the healthcare experiences of gender minorities in Finland both within and outside the scope of transgender-specific healthcare.

Key messages
• Intersectional aspects of individual identities create structural inequalities in accessing gender-affirming healthcare.
• Further research is needed on the healthcare experiences of gender minorities that examines health and wellbeing using an intersectional lens.
Inequalities in psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among UK adults
Authors: Patel K , Robertson E , Kwong ASF , Griffith GJ , Willan K , Green MJ , Patalay P , Porteous D , Katikreddi SV 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Evidence about how population mental health has evolved from before and over the COVID-19 pandemic remains mixed, with impacts on mental health inequalities being unclear. We investigated changes in mental health and sociodemographic inequalities from before and across the first year of the pandemic.

Methods
Data from 11 UK longitudinal population-based studies with pre-pandemic measures of psychological distress were analysed, estimates pooled, and stratified by age, sex, ethnicity, country and lone household status. Trends in the prevalence of poor mental health were assessed before the pandemic (TP0) and across the pandemic at three time periods (initial lockdown (TP1), easing of restrictions (TP2), and a subsequent lockdown (TP3)).

Results
In total, 49,993 adult participants were analysed across the 11 cohort studies. There was an overall worsening in mental health from pre-pandemic scores across all three pandemic timepoints, (TP1 Standardised Mean Difference: 0.15 (95% CI: 0.06 - 0.25); TP2 SMD: 0.18 (0.09 - 0.27); TP3 SMD: 0.21 (0.10 - 0.32)) with no evidence of improvement during the period of eased lockdown restrictions in summer 2020. Changes from pre-pandemic psychological distress were higher in females during the pandemic (TP3 SMD: 0.23 (0.11 - 0.35)), amongst those with degree-level education (TP3 SMD: 0.26 (0.14 - 0.38)), and adults aged 25-44 years. We did not find evidence of changes in distress differing by ethnicity, lone household status or UK nation.

Conclusions
The substantial deterioration in mental health seen in the UK during the first lockdown did not reverse when lockdown lifted and a sustained worsening was observed across the pandemic. Mental health declines have been unequal across the population and these results have implications for policy, including the need for specific investment for support for those most affected to mitigate the effects of the pandemic and measures to reduce inequalities within these specific groups.

Key messages
• A sustained deterioration in mental health was observed from before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and did not recover when social restrictions were eased.
• Deterioration in mental health varied by sociodemographic factors, namely age, sex, and education, and highlights a need for improved mental health care provision to minimise widening inequalities.
The changing landscape of food deserts and swamps in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Smets V , Vandevijvere S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
For decades, people's body weight has been increasing at alarming rates, leading to a worldwide obesity epidemic. One of the main causes of this obesity epidemic is poor diet quality. The food environment has been suspected to be one of the principal drivers of poor diet quality. Older people and families with a poor socioeconomic background can be disproportionately affected.

Methods
This study maps the food environment in Flanders between 2008 and 2020 by using the concepts of food deserts and food swamps. Food deserts have been defined as neighborhoods that lack access to some or all foods that are required for a balanced, nutritionally adequate diet. Food swamps refer to places where there is an abundance of unhealthy food options relative to healthy food options. A spatial analysis using population- and retail density datasets yielded the change in food deserts and swamps between 2008 and 2020.

Results
Food deserts in Flanders are found to be small in area and very localized. While food deserts in areas with the two highest deciles of people older than 65 years increased from 1.3% to 1.6% of total surface area in Flanders between 2008 and 2020, the food deserts in areas with the two lowest deciles of low income families decreased from 4% to 2.4%. Food swamps in Flanders on the other hand, are ubiquitous. In 2020, 42.9% of the residential area examined contained no healthy food retailers and 77.7% of the area can be considered a severe food swamp. Areas with a high number of vulnerable groups are healthier than Flanders as a whole because these areas are mostly found in dense urban centers where the ratio of healthy food retailers to all retailers is higher.

Conclusions
Food deserts are a relatively small problem in Flanders in comparison to the widespread occurrence of food swamps. These food swamps exacerbates the obesity epidemic in Flanders and lead to a shorter health span of the affected individuals and to increased medical costs for society.

Key messages
• The food environment in Flanders is generally unhealthy, making it easy for individuals to buy unhealthy foods.
• Food swamps are a major problem in Flanders, where unhealthy retailers drown out healthy retailers.
Evaluation of the quality of cause of death statistics of the last decades in the European Union
Authors: Cirera L , Ballesta M , Uroz V , Sameron D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
The European Union (EU) do not publish the quality of cause-of-death statistics, when is possible to assess quality by reliability. Quality does not present consolidated indicators. Ill-defined and other inaccurate causes have presented different groupings.

Objective
To assess the quality of official cause-of-death statistics of the European Union by member states from 2006 to 2020.

Methods
Cases and population were from the WHO repertory. We selected causes in EU27 countries by up to fourth code-character of ICD10 -on the EuroStat website were not available-. Case counts were grouped into ill- defined, unspecific, less specific (the latter two, in inaccurate), and judicial (inaccurate external causes) categories, based on literature and expertise. We calculated age-adjusted rates to the Standard European Population by country, sex, period (2006-, 2011- and 2016-2020), and quality category. We tested the Comparative Mortality Ratio (CMR) of each country to the European Union median by a Bayesian approach, at 5% statistical significance. We plotted the rates proportion of each quality category in its all causes.

Results
We included 25 countries. Some did not report all years. Six countries showed &gt;19% for ill-defined causes and 3 member states had &lt;5% in both sex and last period. In inaccurate, for the same time period and sex, average pointed 10% with a range of 3-19%. In the same period, CMR exceeded significantly the EU median in 19 and 18 countries for women and men, respectively; and exceeded in unspecific causes in 12 countries for women and men.

Discussion
Literature showed that incorrect causes of death were random distributed. Probably major causes were biased and underestimated.

Conclusions
Quality of cause of death is a useful indicator of mortality statistics reliability. Quality indicators targeted national gaps across EU. We need a new EU task force on statistics of causes of death in accordance with the XXI century.

Key messages
• Quality indicators of causes of death statistics targeted national gaps across the European Union.
• The statistics of death causes underestimated the main causes of death in the European Union.