bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New institutional economics in Viking studies. Visualising immaterial culture
Authors: Ögren Anders , Hedenstierna-Jonson Charlotte , Ljungkvist John , Raffield Ben , Price Neil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that closer engagement with the field of new institutional economics (NIE) has the potential to provide researchers with a new theoretical toolbox that can be used to study economic and social practices that are not readily traceable in material culture. NIE assumes that individual actions are based on bounded rationality and that the existence of rules (institutions) and their enforcement – the institutional framework – influences agents’ actions by providing different incentives and probabilities for different choices. Within this theoretical framework, we identify a number of concepts, such ascollective identityandmobile jurisdictions, that seem to fit what we know of Viking age economic systems. In applying these models to the available archaeological and textual data, we outline the ways in which further research could provide a new understanding of economic interaction within a rapidly evolving context of diaspora and change.
Pre-critical archaeology. Speculative realism and symmetrical archaeology
Authors: Govier Eloise 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rise of Symmetrical Archaeology has subtly recast archaeology as the study of things and not the study of the past or past peoples. This new description of the archaeological endeavour is often met with criticism. This paper continues in the critical vein but embraces a different strategy of engagement. Here, second-wave Symmetrical Archaeology is brought to the fore: its historical development explored, its methodology outlined, its current theoretical basis assessed. Part critique, part defence, I consider the logical underpinning of the second-wave, focusing on ontology and agency. Utilizing Levi Bryant’s ontic principle, I attend to these two issues and frame this style of archaeology as Pre-critical Archaeology. A caveat seems necessary: whilst I spend time with Symmetrical Archaeology in this paper, that does not mean I am a convert. Rather, my ambition here is to see things from the point of view of a Symmetrical archaeologist.
Radio-induced malignancies of the scalp in adult after depilatory radiotherapy for tinea capitis in childhood: 137 cases
Authors: Asma Hadhri , Safia Yahyaoui , Semia Zarraa , Ghaiet El Fida Noubbigh , Rim Abidi , Khalil Mahjoubi , Taha Messai , Chiraz Nasr , Mongi Maalej 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Radiation-induced malignancies are the most feared complications of radiotherapy. Depilatory radiotherapy for ringworm of the scalp in childhood was the cause of an increase in the incidence of skin tumours of the scalp in adults. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of radiation-induced skin tumours of the scalp in order to highlight the characteristics of these tumours compared to non-radiation-induced tumours.

Methods:
This is a bi-centric retrospective study, extending over a period of 41 years, which collected 137 patients with 200 tumours of the scalp. These patients were selected after noting a history of depilatory radiotherapy for ringworm in childhood in the clinical records of all patients with scalp tumours.
We studied the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolving characteristics of this population.

Results:
The average age of consultation was 56·6 years. The sex ratio M/F was 3. Radiation dermatitis was found in 33% of cases. The average latency between depilatory radiotherapy and the appearance of radiation-induced tumours was 42·6 years. Multiple carcinomas (>2 tumours) were observed in 23·3% of cases. In 73% of cases, ulceration was the most frequent macroscopic aspect. The predominant histological type was basal cell carcinoma in 82% of cases. Radiation therapy has been the main treatment modality in 77·3% of cases, followed by surgery in 43% of cases. The appearance of new tumours on the scalp was observed in six patients.

Conclusion:
Radiation-induced tumours of the scalp are comparable in epidemiological and clinical characteristics to non-radiation-induced tumours. However, they may represent a challenge in therapeutic care and require regular monitoring.
Negotiating with organized crime groups: Questions of law, policy and imagination
Authors: Freeman Mark , Casij Peña Mariana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNegotiations with organized crime groups occur more often than realized, and raise complex questions of ethics, practice and policy. Currently, law provides few incentives for States to choose the path of negotiation, and thus the political costs and moral hazards remain very high and a mano dura (“firm hand”) approach prevails. This paper examines some of the challenges faced by those who in good faith might initiate or participate in negotiations with such groups, offering an assessment of how those challenges can be mitigated and an inquiry, in particular, into how law and policy might be improved or reimagined to make such negotiation more feasible and effective in contexts of armed conflict or other situations of violence.
Outcome after bilateral deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Fürbringer-Schwarz Aline , Janscak Marie , Jeanneret-Gris Christina R. 
Published: September 2022

Summary: Background: The aim of our study was to assess how often deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs bilaterally and if this has an impact on the recurrence rate of thromboembolic disease and on the occurrence of malignant tumors. Additionally, the occurrence of pulmonary embolism and mortality of patients was assessed. Patients and methods: For this observational study, we retrospectively screened all patient’s records for DVT, investigated between 2000 and 2017. 2409 patients with the diagnosis of DVT were found. The patients aged between 18 and 89 years old in 2017, received a follow-up questionnaire, asking for thromboembolic recurrence, malignant tumors and pulmonary embolism. 755 patients were included in the follow-up cohort (604 with unilateral, 151 with bilateral DVT). We performed nonparametric tests to assess two group analysis. Results: Bilateral DVT occurred in 19% of the patients in this cohort. Patients with bilateral DVT develop significantly more often cancer, either at the time of diagnosis or in the follow up, compared to patients with unilateral DVT (22.5% vs. 15.4%, p=0.036). They also endure significantly more often pulmonary embolism simultaneously (33.8% vs. 20.8%, p<0.001). Patients with bilateral DVT were significantly older (median 69 years) than patients with unilateral DVT (median 63 years, p<0.001). In addition, patients with bilateral DVT show a higher mortality (9.1% vs. 5.2%, p=0.002), a higher recurrence rate could not be observed. Conclusions: Bilateral DVT is more common than published so far. Patients with bilateral DVT suffer more often from malignant tumors, and are more often diagnosed with pulmonary embolism. The patients with bilateral DVT are older and have a higher mortality. Further investigations should address the issue of recurrent thromboembolic disease in a prospective cohort study.
Numerical Weather Prediction at 200 m Local Resolution Based on an Unstructured Grid Global Model
Authors: Sze Wai‐Pang , Tang Sze‐Chai , Cheung Chi‐Chiu , Tam Chi‐Yung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is a great challenge to reach sub‐km resolution in numerical weather prediction models without using domain nesting techniques. The Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS‐A) uses an unstructured grid to achieve smooth transition of resolution in a global model. However, a number of model physical parameterization schemes and methods to enhance computational efficiency assume resolution down to about 3 km only. We extended the MPAS‐A model to support resolution down to 200 m and carried out idealized and hindcast numerical experiments over a domain covering Hong Kong. The Shin‐Hong Planetary Boundary Layer scheme was integrated to parameterize partially resolved turbulence in a scale‐aware sense. The quality of static geographical data and land‐water boundary for a coastal urban locale are found to be vital to the forecast accuracy of ground temperature and humidity forecast. Resolving terrain to 200 m, the model is found to be able to simulate the sheltering effect of mountains as well as high wind speed at hill top comparable to station observation. Our results indicate that global model simulations with an unstructured grid can realistically reproduce local weather conditions, suitable for ultra‐high‐resolution predictions and studies.
Morphology of Extreme and Far Ultraviolet Martian Airglow Emissions Observed by the EMUS Instrument on Board the Emirates Mars Mission
Authors: Jain Sonal K. , Deighan Justin , Chaffin Mike , Holsclaw Greg , Lillis Rob , Fillingim Matt , Evans J. Scott , Correira John , AlMatroushi Hessa , Lootah Fatma , England Scott , AlMazmi Hoor , Thiemann Ed , Chamberlin Phil , Eparvier Frank 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present the first continuous observations of the extreme and far ultraviolet (EUV and FUV) dayglow emissions measured by Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission. We found excellent agreement between the previous observations from the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope and recent observations by EMUS both in shape and magnitude. We presented the average disk brightness of major EUV and FUV emissions for about 10 months of data from April 2021 to February 2022. The solar activity was mild/minimum during the first half of the period presented in this study, but we noticed significant day‐to‐day variations in the major dayglow emissions independent of solar activity, indicating possible coupling from the lower atmosphere via waves/tides. The solar activity increased significantly during the second half of the study period. Our analysis showed that all major EUV and FUV emissions are highly correlated with solar forcing as well as seasonal changes.
EWR‐Net: Earthquake Waveform Regularization Network for Irregular Station Data Based on Deep Generative Model and ResNet
Authors: Gan Haodong , Pan Xiao , Tang Ke , Hu Nan , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOwing to the limitations of surface conditions, the distribution of earthquake station arrays, even dense arrays, is uneven and spatially irregular. The station intervals are too large with respect to migration algorithm requirements. Therefore, the regularization of irregular station data is an important preprocessing step before imaging. Several methods, such as the curvelet transform method based on the sparse transform, have been developed for regularizing teleseismic data. In this study, we present a novel deep learning (DL) approach for teleseismic waveform regularization in 2D surveys. We designed an earthquake waveform regularization network (EWR‐Net) based on a deep generative model and residual network, consisting of a transposed convolution block, convolution block, and full connection block. The convolution block was variable and adjusted according to different data complexities to improve adaptability. The network was able to capture complex mapping between station locations and waveforms, and could be used to regularize both randomly and regularly sampled data without spatial smoothing. Unlike other DL methods, the EWR‐Net was trained and used for each event. It was trained using recorded teleseismic waveforms at irregular stations, and was then used to predict waveforms at regular stations. To avoid overfitting, L2 regularization, dropout in the full connection block, and early stopping were employed. The test results on both synthetic and field data showed that EWR‐Net could generate more accurate earthquake waveforms at virtual stations than the curvelet method. Reverse‐time migration imaging tests using regularized data demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.
Numerical Investigation of Tropical Indian Ocean Barrier Layer Variability
Authors: Valsala Vinu , Prajeesh A. G. , Singh Shikha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe barrier layer (BL) is part of the surface ocean isolated from the local air‐sea exchange processes despite it's great potential to store the heat beneath the mixed layer. The tropical oceans are known for the presence of BL. The interannual variability of the BL of the tropical Indian Ocean is examined in this study with a concomitant analysis of observations and outputs from an ocean general circulation model. The model faithfully reproduces the tropical variability of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the Indian Ocean when compared with observations and other studies. The BL thins (thickens) in the eastern (central‐to‐western) tropical Indian Ocean during the positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IOD). The individual roles of five major forcing mechanisms on BL‐IOD coupling are examined. The thinning in the east is caused by upward heaving thermocline due to upwelling Kelvin waves during the positive phase of the IOD, causing the isothermal layer to shoal steeper than the mixed layer. The surface freshwater fluxes substantiate the thinning of BL in the east during this time, while the net heat fluxes thin the BL in the entire tropical Indian Ocean. The basin‐wide salinity (temperature) dynamics have widespread and complementary impacts, a BL thickening (thinning) in the equatorial and eastern tropical Indian Ocean during positive IOD years, with the former overwhelming the latter. The thickening of BL in the central‐to‐western tropical Indian Ocean during positive IOD is due to a combined action of salinity and freshwater forcing. The thermocline heaving, temperature and salinity dynamics and buoyancy forcing could explain the net variability of BL in the tropical Indian Ocean almost entirely in the model. The ocean‐only response shows that a BL weakens the shoaling (deepening) of the ocean mixed layer during positive (negative) IOD years in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. As barrier layers store heat beneath the mixed layer, their role in Indian Ocean weather and climate needs to be examined with coupled model experiments.
Wave Enhanced Overtides in an Idealized Tidal Inlet System
Authors: Rickerich S. , Ross L. , Valle‐Levinson A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTidal water levels and currents in the shallow water environments of the inner shelf are subject to nonlinear interactions that produce higher frequency harmonics known as overtides, which contribute to the residual transport of scalars. The primary hydrodynamic overtide generating mechanisms (advection, nonlinear continuity and bottom friction) are well known. Yet, other mechanisms may exist in coupled systems characterized by wind waves and barotropic tides. This work uses process‐oriented coupled tides‐waves numerical simulations of an idealized barrier beach domain to study the effect of varying tidal range and wave conditions (height, period, direction) to investigate new mechanisms of overtide generation. Harmonic analysis of results from 92 simulations indicates that an increase in wave height amplifies overtide current velocities in both the alongshore and cross‐shore directions, while changes in wave period and wave direction have a lesser effect. A maximum increase of ∼140% in overtide current velocity magnitudes was observed in domain‐wide averages from a tides only to a coupled tides‐waves simulation. Decomposition of the depth‐averaged momentum balance of the tides only and tides‐waves simulations identify bottom stress, pressure gradient, and bottom wave streaming enhancing overtide generation. Accelerations from wave‐enhanced pressure gradients and bottom wave streaming produce a shoreward bottom current and an offshore directed return flow that persist throughout a semidiurnal tidal cycle, interacting with tidal currents to enhance asymmetries between flood and ebb.
Number‐Size Distribution and CCN Activity of Atmospheric Aerosols in the Western North Pacific During Spring Pre‐Bloom Period: Influences of Terrestrial and Marine Sources
Authors: Kawana Kaori , Miyazaki Yuzo , Omori Yuko , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Kagami Sara , Suzuki Koji , Yamashita Youhei , Nishioka Jun , Deng Yange , Yai Hikari , Mochida Michihiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA cruise observation of atmospheric aerosols and gaseous air/seawater compounds was performed in the western North Pacific during the spring pre‐bloom period. The aerosol size distribution and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity were characterized according to the source type: terrestrial/pollution, marine, and mixed. The CCN activity was represented by the aerosol hygroscopicity parameter (ĸCCNC) from the activation diameter (dact) in water‐vapor supersaturation (SS), which is controlled by the composition of particles with sizes around dact. For marine type, whereas a high hygroscopicity parameter value of 0.86 for accumulation mode (ĸaccum) suggests a strong influence of sea salt and sulfate, a lower value of 0.49 in Aitken mode (ĸAit) suggests the contribution of biogenic organic matter (OM). Lower ĸAit and ĸaccum for terrestrial/pollution type (0.12 and 0.62, respectively) suggests greater contributions of OM. Under the influence of marine sources, ĸCCNC at a dact of ∼110 nm (low SS) was not responsive to the chlorophyll a (Chl‐a) concentration, whereas ĸCCNC at ∼50 nm (high SS) correlated negatively with Chl‐a. The hygroscopicity parameter of OM was estimated as 0.13–0.29 considering the aerosol composition. During a new particle formation event, the ĸCCNC at 0.60% SS increased; nucleated particles grew in size to become CCN. Sensitivity analysis indicated that changes in the size distribution and chemical composition of the aerosol contributed to the increase in CCN concentration. This study highlights the high variability in size distribution and CCN activity of off‐coast aerosols from different sources, including marine biological activities.
Solar Cycle Variability in Coronal Holes and Their Effects on Solar Wind Sources
Authors: Luhmann J. G. , Li Yan , Lee C. O. , Jian L. K. , Arge C. N. , Riley P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVarious upstream spacecraft have now observed the solar wind conditions affecting the Earth since the 1970s, covering over four solar activity cycles. These measurements provide a long term picture of the related patterns in large scale incident plasma and magnetic field parameters of interest for both interpreting cycles in geospace effects, and understanding how the Sun controls our space environment. This paper focuses on the latter, in part to provide context at the start of the new solar cycle 25, and toward establishing connections between the 1 AU ecliptic solar wind behavior and the unprecedented near‐Sun measurements of heliospheric features on Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter. Magnetograph data‐based potential field source surface models provide a basic picture of how the solar wind sources, including those that give rise to corotating high speed streams in the ecliptic, have changed since the beginning of the record of regular solar wind measurements. In particular, they suggest the contributions from low to mid latitude coronal holes dominate the observed cycles (21–24), especially the weaker cycles (23 and 24), impacting upstream measurement interpretations, modeling, and forecasting considerations. For example, recurring features are affected by differential rotation of the Sun's surface field, which through its effects on the corona, can produce solar wind streams reappearing at ∼25–30 days intervals instead of at the canonical 27.3 days Carrington rotation rate. In addition, the conditions that lead to the corotating stream structure that can dominate periods of low solar activity are seen to be more complicated than suggested by the simple concepts of early studies. The overall results illustrate where in the cycles well‐defined, long‐lived large scale structures can be expected, and the advantages of synoptic displays of 1 AU solar wind parameters for anticipating timings of recurring features.
Mn5+-activated Ca6Ba(PO4)4O near-infrared phosphor and its application in luminescence thermometry
Authors: Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Marciniak Łukasz , Kuzman Sanja , Piotrowski Wojciech , Ristić Zoran , Periša Jovana , Evans Ivana , Mitrić Jelena , Đorđević Vesna , Romčević Nebojša , Brik Mikhail G. , Ma Chong-Geng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe near-infrared luminescence of Ca6Ba(PO4)4O:Mn5+ is demonstrated and explained. When excited into the broad and strong absorption band that spans the 500–1000 nm spectral range, this phosphor provides an ultranarrow (FWHM = 5 nm) emission centered at 1140 nm that originates from a spin-forbidden 1E → 3A2 transition with a 37.5% internal quantum efficiency and an excited-state lifetime of about 350 μs. We derived the crystal field and Racah parameters and calculated the appropriate Tanabe–Sugano diagram for this phosphor. We found that 1E emission quenches due to the thermally-assisted cross-over with the 3T2 state and that the relatively high Debye temperature of 783 K of Ca6Ba(PO4)4O facilitates efficient emission. Since Ca6Ba(PO4)4O also provides efficient yellow emission of the Eu2+ dopant, we calculated and explained its electronic band structure, the partial and total density of states, effective Mulliken charges of all ions, elastic constants, Debye temperature, and vibrational spectra. Finally, we demonstrated the application of phosphor in a luminescence intensity ratio thermometry and obtained a relative sensitivity of 1.92%K−1 and a temperature resolution of 0.2 K in the range of physiological temperatures.
Recurrent febrile seizures and serum cytokines: a controlled follow-up study
Authors: Hautala Maria K. , Helander Heli M. , Pokka Tytti M-L , Koskela Ulla V. , Rantala Heikki M. J. , Uhari Matti K. , Korkiamäki Timo J. , Glumoff Virpi , Mikkonen Kirsi H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures (FSs) is unclear, and information regarding cytokine production outside of FS episodes is scarce.

Methods
In our controlled follow-up study of patients with FSs, we compared the levels of 12 serum cytokines after the patients’ first FSs, during febrile episodes without FSs, after recurrent FSs, during healthy periods after FSs, and between patients and controls.

Results
Two-hundred fifty-one patients with first FS participated in the study, of whom 17 (mean age 1.6 years, SD 0.7) with recurrent FSs completed the protocol as required by the sample size calculations. The mean IL-1RA level was higher after the first FSs (2580 pg/mL, SD 1516) than during febrile episodes without FSs (1336 pg/mL, SD 1364, P = 0.006) and healthy periods after FSs (474 pg/mL, SD 901, P = 0.001). IL-1RA levels were also higher during first (2580 pg/mL) and recurrent FSs (2666 pg/mL, SD 1747) in comparison with febrile controls (746 pg/mL, SD 551) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), but there was no difference in the IL-1RA between febrile episodes without FSs and febrile controls.

Conclusions
Patients with FSs produce stronger inflammatory reactions during febrile episodes with FSs compared with febrile episodes without FSs and febrile controls.

Impact

In patients with FSs, IL-1RA was higher following first FS than during febrile episodes without FSs and healthy periods after FSs.

IL-1RA was higher in patients with FSs following first and recurrent FSs than in febrile controls.

There was no significant difference in IL-1RA between febrile episodes of patients without FSs and febrile controls.

Using IL-1RA as a surrogate marker of IL-1 axis activity, our results indicate that patients with FSs produced stronger inflammatory reactions during FS episodes but not during other febrile episodes or healthy periods after FSs.

Cytokines may play a role in pathogenesis of FSs.