bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic Stromal Depletion Enhances Therapeutic Nanoparticle Delivery in 3D Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Models
Authors: Karimnia Vida , Stanley M. Elizabeth , Fitzgerald Christian T. , Rizvi Imran , Slack Frank J. , Celli Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal of human malignancies. PDAC is characterized by dense fibrous stroma which obstructs drug delivery and plays complex tumor‐promoting roles. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light‐based modality which has been demonstrated to be clinically feasible and effective for tumors of the pancreas. Here, we use in vitro heterocellular 3D co‐culture models in conjunction with imaging, bulk rheology and microrheology to investigate photodegradation of non‐cellular components of PDAC stroma (photodynamic stromal depletion, PSD). By measuring the rheology of extracellular matrix (ECM) before and after PDT we find that softening of ECM is concomitant with increased transport of nanoparticles (NPs). At the same time, as shown by us previously, photodestruction of stromal fibroblasts leads to enhanced tumor response to PDT. Here we specifically evaluate the capability of PSD to enhance RNA nanomedicine delivery, using a NP carrying an inhibitor of miR‐21‐5P, a PDAC oncomiR. We confirm improved delivery of this therapeutic NP after PSD by observation of increased expression of PDCD4, a protein target of miR‐21‐5P. Collectively, these results in 3D tumor models suggest that PSD could be developed to enhance delivery of other cancer therapeutics and improve tumor response to treatment.
Constantly changing Nordic welfare states: A Bermuda triangle?
Authors: Greve Bent 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis introduction discusses recent developments in the Nordic welfare states as well as an overview of the contributions to this regional issue on Nordic welfare states. The issue focuses on topics of demography, financing, solidarity, and migration. The overview points to a potential conflict between resource availability, user expectations, and norms of professionalism. Navigating this ‘Bermuda triangle’ will likely require constant negotiation over the developing path of the Nordic welfare states. Specific challenges include how to maintain the historical tradition of high equality of income, economic opportunity, and access to services for men and women, native and foreign‐born. Welfare states will be constantly recalibrating, to accommodate residents' demands for what they are willing to accept in terms of benefits and what they are willing to pay in terms of social contributions.
On Causee in Sason Arabic
Authors: Akkuş Faruk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article aims to understand the syntax of three causative constructions in Sason Arabic. It demonstrates that in geminate causatives and ‘give’ causatives, the causee is introduced in CauseeP, unlike the embedded agent in ‘make’ causatives, which embed a thematic VoiceP. Despite differing from Voice in several respects, Causee, like Voice, exhibits an active–passive‐like alternation, which provides independent evidence for an analysis of the passive that treats it as a subtype of the Voice head. The article further distinguishes between geminates and ‘give’ causatives on the basis of the (in)compatibility of the causee with an applied argument. In geminates, Causee and Appl are bundled, and the same argument bears two ‐roles, whereas in other causative constructions, Causee and Appl remain separate, with each argument bearing a distinct ‐role.
Simple steps to enable reproducibility: culture conditions affecting Chlamydomonas growth and elemental composition
Authors: Hui Colleen , Schmollinger Stefan , Strenkert Daniela , Holbrook Kristen , Montgomery Hayden R. , Chen Si , Nelson Hosea M. , Weber Peter K. , Merchant Sabeeha S. 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYEven subtle modifications in growth conditions elicit acclimation responses affecting the molecular and elemental makeup of organisms, both in the laboratory and in natural habitats. We systematically explored the effect of temperature, pH, nutrient availability, culture density, and access to CO2 and O2 in laboratory‐grown algal cultures on growth rate, the ionome, and the ability to accumulate Fe. We found algal cells accumulate Fe in alkaline conditions, even more so when excess Fe is present, coinciding with a reduced growth rate. Using a combination of Fe‐specific dyes, X‐ray fluorescence microscopy, and NanoSIMS, we show that the alkaline‐accumulated Fe was intracellularly sequestered into acidocalcisomes, which are localized towards the periphery of the cells. At high photon flux densities, Zn and Ca specifically over‐accumulate, while Zn alone accumulates at low temperatures. The impact of aeration was probed by reducing shaking speeds and changing vessel fill levels; the former increased the Cu quota of cultures, the latter resulted in a reduction in P, Ca, and Mn at low fill levels. Trace element quotas were also affected in the stationary phase, where specifically Fe, Cu, and Zn accumulate. Cu accumulation here depends inversely on the Fe concentration of the medium. Individual laboratory strains accumulate Ca, P, and Cu to different levels. All together, we identified a set of specific changes to growth rate, elemental composition, and the capacity to store Fe in response to subtle differences in culturing conditions of Chlamydomonas, affecting experimental reproducibility. Accordingly, we recommend that these variables be recorded and reported as associated metadata.
H3K4me3 plays a key role in establishing permissive chromatin states during bud dormancy and bud break in apple
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Tamada Yosuke , Yamane Hisayo , Matsushita Miwako , Osako Yutaro , Gao‐Takai Mei , Luo Zhengrong , Tao Ryutaro 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYBud dormancy helps woody perennials survive winter and activate robust plant development in the spring. For apple (Malus × domestica), short‐term chilling induces bud dormancy in autumn, then prolonged chilling leads to dormancy release and a shift to a quiescent state in winter, with subsequent warm periods promoting bud break in spring. Epigenetic regulation contributes to seasonal responses such as vernalization. However, how histone modifications integrate seasonal cues and internal signals during bud dormancy in woody perennials remains largely unknown. Here, we show that H3K4me3 plays a key role in establishing permissive chromatin states during bud dormancy and bud break in apple. The global changes in gene expression strongly correlated with changes in H3K4me3, but not H3K27me3. High expression of DORMANCY‐ASSOCIATED MADS‐box (DAM) genes, key regulators of dormancy, in autumn was associated with high H3K4me3 levels. In addition, known DAM/SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) target genes significantly overlapped with H3K4me3‐modified genes as bud dormancy progressed. These data suggest that H3K4me3 contributes to the central dormancy circuit, consisting of DAM/SVP and abscisic acid (ABA), in autumn. In winter, the lower expression and H3K4me3 levels at DAMs and gibberellin metabolism genes control chilling‐induced release of dormancy. Warming conditions in spring facilitate the expression of genes related to phytohormones, the cell cycle, and cell wall modification by increasing H3K4me3 toward bud break. Our study also revealed that activation of auxin and repression of ABA sensitivity in spring are conditioned at least partly through temperature‐mediated epigenetic regulation in winter.
The toxic weed Heliotropium europaeum L.: Germination ecology, soil seed bank, and emergence dynamics in diversified cropping systems
Authors: Benvenuti Stefano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeliotropium europaeum is a toxic annual weed that has been found with increasing frequency in the Mediterranean agro‐environment. We investigated, both in laboratory and in field, the ecological aspects of this species in order to verify a possible connection between cropping systems and population increase. Its germination, characterized by a high thermal optimum (about 35°C) is markedly reduced by burial. Strong depth‐mediated germination inhibition was observed with over 2 cm of burial. Nongerminated seeds undergo a secondary dormancy highlighting their ability to form a persistent seed bank. Indeed the seed bank analysis carried out in an agroecosystem based on minimum tillage cropping systems showed a seed accumulation in the shallowest soil layers. The hypothesis that poor seed burial plays a crucial role in the population dynamics of this species was confirmed by the drastic reduction in seedling emergence after only 1 year of plowing. A strongly reduced emergence percentage was shown which causes not only a lower seedling density but also a lower inflorescence density and respective seed ripening. In conclusion, there is a clear relationship between an increase in this species and cultivation systems based on minimum tillage.
An Alternative Approach to Compute Chip Thickness in Milling
Authors: Chen Kaidong , Zhang He , de Wouw Nathan van , Detournay Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The accurate evaluation of the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness (IUCT) plays a crucial role in the modeling of milling processes. However, the vibrations of the tool–workpiece system can make conventional IUCT models either inaccurate or not applicable. This paper introduces the concept of surface function to describe the milled surface, through which the IUCT can be readily computed. The evolution of this surface function is governed by a partial differential equation (PDE) in the form of a balance law, and the material removal process is characterized by discontinuous conditions at the cutters. A finite volume algorithm is adopted to solve the proposed PDE with discontinuous conditions at the cutters. Through a case study of the asymmetric cutting process, the surface function method demonstrates two main advantages over conventional methods: (i) a detailed description of IUCT evolution considering the influence of the initial shape of the workpiece and (ii) a general framework to accurately compute the IUCT. This method shows a promising potential for computing the IUCT in numerical simulations of chattering phenomenon in the milling process.
Study on the Performance of the Low-Cost Cooling System for Transmit/Receive Module and Broadening the Exploitative Capabilities of the System Using Gravity Heat Pipes
Authors: Nikolaenko Yu. E. , Pekur D. V. , Kravets V. Yu. , Sorokin V. M. , Kozak D. V. , Melnyk R. S. , Lipnitskyi L. V. , Solomakha A. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The authors use computer simulation and experiment to study thermal characteristics of a less expensive design of the air cooling system for transmit/receive modules based on the heat sink with the dimensions of 25 × 324 × 500 mm made of mass-produced heat sink profile. The total power of the 8 transistors in the transmit/receive module is 224 W. It is shown that the increase in air velocity in the heat sink channels from 1 to 30 m/s causes an approximately twofold drop in the maximum temperature of the mounting surface (from 78.45 to 38.70 °C) and a decrease in thermal resistance of the cooling system by 3.16 (from 0.262 to 0.083 °C/W). The air velocity range from 5 to 10 m/s proves to be the most rational option. For the inlet air temperature of 20 °C, the temperature in the spots where the transistors are mounted remains below 56.3 °C for the air velocity of 5.5 m/s in the heat sink channels and below 51.8 °C for 10.5 m/s. A new original technical solution based on low-cost flat gravity heat pipes with a threaded evaporator will provide the efficiency of the cooling system at higher inlet air temperatures.
Evaluation of change in emergency care knowledge and skills among front-line healthcare providers in Ukraine with the Basic Emergency Care course: a pretest/post-test study
Authors: Kivlehan Sean M , Allen Amy , Viun Olha , Makarov Dmitry A , Schnorr Daniel , Patel Sonny , Ryzhenko Sergii A , Pham Phuong , Erickson Timothy B 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveEvaluate the change in participant emergency care knowledge and skill confidence after implementation of the WHO-International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Basic Emergency Care (BEC) course.DesignPretest/post-test quasi-experimental study.SettingMechnikov Hospital in Dnipro, Ukraine.ParticipantsSeventy-nine participants engaged in the course, of whom 50 (63.3%) completed all assessment tools. The course was open to healthcare providers of any level who assess and treat emergency conditions as part of their practice. The most common participant profession was resident physician (24%), followed by health educator (18%) and prehospital provider (14%).InterventionsThe 5-day WHO-ICRC BEC course.Primary and secondary outcome measuresChange in pre-course and post-course knowledge and skill confidence assessments. Open-ended written feedback was collected upon course completion and analysed for common themes.ResultsParticipant knowledge assessment scores improved from 19 (IQR 15–20) to 22 (IQR 19–23) on a 25-point scale (p<0.001). Participant skill confidence self-assessment scores improved from 2.5 (IQR 2.1–2.8) to 2.9 (IQR 2.5–3.3) on a 4-point scale (p<0.001). The most common positive feedback themes were high-quality teaching and useful skill sessions. The most common constructive feedback themes were translation challenges and request for additional skill session time.ConclusionsThis first implementation of the WHO-ICRC BEC course for front-line healthcare providers in Ukraine was successful and well received by participants. This is also the first report of a BEC implementation outside of Africa and suggests that the course is also effective in the European context, particularly in humanitarian crisis and conflict settings. Future research should evaluate long-term knowledge retention and the impact on patient outcomes. Further iterations should emphasise local language translation and consider expanding clinical skills sessions.
Common protocol for validation of the QCOVID algorithm across the four UK nations
Authors: Kerr Steven , Robertson Chris , Nafilyan Vahe , Lyons Ronan A , Kee Frank , Cardwell Christopher R , Coupland Carol , Lyons Jane , Humberstone Ben , Hippisley-Cox Julia , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe QCOVID algorithm is a risk prediction tool for infection and subsequent hospitalisation/death due to SARS-CoV-2. At the time of writing, it is being used in important policy-making decisions by the UK and devolved governments for combatting the COVID-19 pandemic, including deliberations on shielding and vaccine prioritisation. There are four statistical validations exercises currently planned for the QCOVID algorithm, using data pertaining to England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, respectively. This paper presents a common procedure for conducting and reporting on validation exercises for the QCOVID algorithm.Methods and analysisWe will use open, retrospective cohort studies to assess the performance of the QCOVID risk prediction tool in each of the four UK nations. Linked datasets comprising of primary and secondary care records, virological testing data and death registrations will be assembled in trusted research environments in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. We will seek to have population level coverage as far as possible within each nation. The following performance metrics will be calculated by strata: Harrell’s C, Brier Score, R2 and Royston’s D.Ethics and disseminationApprovals have been obtained from relevant ethics bodies in each UK nation. Findings will be made available to national policy-makers, presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journal.
Access to mass media and teenage pregnancy among adolescents in Zambia: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sserwanja Quraish , Sepenu Abigail Sitsope , Mwamba Daniel , Mukunya David 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTeenage pregnancies and childbirths are associated with negative health outcomes. Access to health information enables adolescents to make appropriate decisions. However, the relationship between access to health information through mass media and teenage pregnancy has not received much attention in existing literature. We therefore examined the association between access to mass media and teenage pregnancy in Zambia.DesignCross-sectional.SettingZambia.ParticipantsWeighted sample of 3000 adolescents aged 15–19 years.Outcome measureTeenage pregnancy that included adolescents who were currently pregnant or had had an abortion or had given birth in the last 5 years preceding the survey.ResultsOut of 3000 adolescents, 897 (29.9%, 95% CI: 28.1% to 31.3%) were pregnant or had ever been pregnant. Majority of the adolescents resided in rural areas (55.9%) and had secondary education (53.6%). Adolescents who had exposure to internet, newspapers or magazines, radio and television were 10.5%, 22.6%, 43.1% and 43.1%, respectively. Adolescents who had daily access to newspapers or magazines (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.82) or using internet (AOR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.95) were less likely to be pregnant or to have had a pregnancy compared with those with no access to newspapers and internet, respectively.ConclusionOur study suggests that internet use and reading of newspapers or magazines may trigger behavioural change as an effective approach to reducing teenage pregnancy. Behavioural change communicators can implement mass media campaigns using newspapers, magazines and the internet to publicise adolescent health messages that can encourage adolescents to adopt healthy behaviours and prevent teenage pregnancies.
Natural population cohort study on long-lived adults: West China longevity and ageing procedure (WCLAP)
Authors: Wu Xiaochu , Zhang Tianyao , Zhang Yan , She Yan , Wang Li , Gao Yanling , Deng Yiping , Chen Meijuan , He Yan , Chen Xiaoyan , Hao Qiukui , Yue Jirong , Dong Birong 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe West China longevity and ageing procedure (WCLAP) cohort study aims to provide guidance for older adults in western China with the aim of improving quality of life, reducing the burden of family care, summarising the characteristics of longevity lifestyles, building a Chinese-longevity-population biobank and exploring the mechanisms underlying population ageing.ParticipantsSince the establishment of the WCLAP research baseline in 2018, a population of 1537 adults aged 80 years and above, living in the community, have been enrolled in the programme as research participants. Of these, 231 are aged 100 years and above. Participants are followed up every year.Finding to dataWCLAP data are collected in five hospital research subcentres strategically located adjacent to the national ‘Longevity Townships’ of Chengdu Ziyang, Leshan, Yibin and Pengshan. Data collection included a comprehensive assessment of the participant’s health (including physical, psychological, social and common chronic disease assessments), instrumental tests (body composition and muscle percentage) and the collection of biomedical-biobank samples (include blood, urine, faeces, hair and urine).Future plansThrough the annual cohort follow-up, survival-related information is collected at a group level. Analysis of biological samples facilitates biological characterisation at the microscopic level through proteomics, metabolomics, genomics and other techniques. Baseline data, group-level follow-up data and microbiological examination data are integrated together to provide an evaluation tool, exploring sarcopenia, disability, dementia, caregiver burden, ageing biomarkers and other influencing factors.Trial registration numbers2018-463; ChiCTR1900020754.
Turning green: the impact of changing to more eco-friendly respiratory healthcare – a carbon and cost analysis of Dutch prescription data
Authors: ten Have Pieter , van Hal Peter , Wichers Iris , Kooistra Johan , Hagedoorn Paul , Brakema Evelyn A , Chavannes Niels , de Heer Pauline , Ossebaard Hans C 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesDry powder inhalers (DPIs) and soft mist inhalers have a substantially lower global warming potential than pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). To help mitigate climate change, we assessed the potential emission reduction in CO2 equivalents when replacing pMDIs by non-propellant inhalers (NPIs) in Dutch respiratory healthcare and estimated the associated cost.DesignWe performed a descriptive analysis of prescription data from two national databases of two independent governmental bodies. First, we calculated the number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma that were using inhalation medication (2020). Second, we calculated the number and total of daily defined doses of pMDIs and NPIs including DPIs and soft mist inhalers, as well as the number of dispensed spacers per patient (2020). Third, we estimated the potential emission reduction in CO2 equivalents if 70% of patients would switch from using pMDIs to using NPIs. Fourth, we performed a budget impact analysis.SettingDutch respiratory healthcare.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe carbon footprint of current inhalation medication and the environmental and financial impact of replacing pMDIs with NPIs.ResultsIn 2020, 1.4 million patients used inhalers for COPD or asthma treatment. A total of 364 million defined daily doses from inhalers were dispensed of which 49.6% were dispensed through pMDIs. We estimated that this could be reduced by 70% which would lead to an annual reduction in greenhouse gas emission of 63 million kg.CO2 equivalents saving at best EUR 49.1 million per year.ConclusionsIn the Netherlands, substitution of pMDIs to NPIs for eligible patients is theoretically safe and in accordance with medical guidelines, while reducing greenhouse gas emission by 63 million kg.CO2 equivalents on average and saving at best EUR 49.1 million per year. This study confirms the potential climate and economic benefit of delivering a more eco-friendly respiratory care.