PENERAPAN SISTEM TUMPANG SARI PADI GOGO–KEDELAI DI LAHAN SAWAH TADAH HUJAN GUNUNGKIDUL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SIFAT TANAH, HASIL DAN ANALISIS USAHA TANI
Authors: Riyanto Damasus , Hendrata Reki , Anshori Arif 
Published: February 2022

The agricultural intensification program in increasing food security can be carried out by intercropping upland rice-soybeans. The intercropping application of upland rice-soybean with superior varieties is expected to fulfill food needs at regional and national levels, anticipate climate change and maximize land use. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of applying intercropping upland rice-soybean on soil properties, plant growth and productivity as well as analysis of its farming system. The research was conducted in Girimulyo Village, Panggang District, Gunungkidul on November 2019–March 2020 in rainfed rice fields. Experimental design using Randomized Complete Block with 3 replications. Upland rice and soybean seeds were planted as direct planting, namely 4 rows of upland rice and 4 rows of soybeans using a tight cropping system. The spacing of rice is 20 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm and soybean is 30 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm. The rice varieties planted were Inpago 9 and Inpari 19, while for soybean were Dena 1 and Grobogan. Each treatment combination on 4 cropping patterns were sprayed with 2 kinds of liquid organic fertilizer, namely: Fermentation of local microorganism Gliricidia sp leaves and fermentation of local microorganism banana hump by the dose application 200 ml/10 liters of water. The results showed that the cropping pattern of Inpari 19-Dena 1 soybean plus spraying of Gliricidia leaves fermentation as Liquid Organic Fertilizer showed the highest yields of 5.87 tons/ha MDG and 1.48 tons/ha soybeans, while the lowest yields on intercropping of Inpago 9 – Grobogan soybeans were 4.34 tons/ha of MDG and 1.16 tons/ha of soybeans. Farming system analysis for the 4 cropping patterns of Inpago 9-soybean Dena 1, Inpago 9-Grobogan, Inpari 19–Dena 1 and Inpari 19-Grobogan all showed that they were feasible to farming with B/C and R/C ratios ranging from the average value. respectively 1.27 and 2.28 and more profitable than the application of a monoculture system of rice or soybeans planting alone. Keywords: intercropping rice-soybean, land efficiency, productivity, farming sistem feasibility.Abstrak Program intensifikasi pertanian dalam meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dapat dilakukan dengan tumpang sari padi gogo-kedelai. Penerapan turinan padi gogo-kedelai dengan varietas unggul diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan pada tingkat regional maupun nasional,mengantisipasi perubahan iklim serta memaksimalkan penggunaan lahan Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penerapan turiman padi gogo-kedelai terhadap sifat-sifat tanah, pertumbuhan dan produktivitasnya serta analisis usaha taninya. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Girimulyo, Kecamatan Panggang, Gunungkidul pada bulan November 2019 – Maret 2020 di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Rancangan Percobaan menggunakan RAKL dengan 3 ulangan. Benih padi gogo dan kedelai ditanam dengan cara ditugal yaitu 4 baris padi gogo dan 4 baris kedelai menggunakan sistem tanam rapat. Jarak tanam padi 20 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm dan kedelai 30 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm. Varietas padi yang ditanam adalah Inpago 9 dan Inpari 19, sedangkan kedelai Dena 1 dan Grobogan. Masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan sebanyak 4 pola tanam disemprot dengan 2 macam Pupuk organik cair yaitu : fermentasi MOL daun gamal dan fermentasi MOL bonggol pisang dengan aplikasi 200 ml/10 liter air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola tanam Inpari 19- kedelai Dena 1 ditambah penyemprotan POC daun gamal menunjukkan hasil tertinggi yaitu 5,87 ton/ha GKG dan 1,48 ton/ha kedelai, sedang hasil terendah pada turiman Inpago 9 – kedelai Grobogan yaitu 4,34 ton/ha GKG dan 1,16 ton/ha kedelai. Perhitungan analisis usaha tani untuk ke-4 pola tanam Inpago 9-kedelai Dena 1, Inpago 9-Grobogan, Inpari 19–Dena 1 dan Inpari 19-Grobogan semuanya menunjukkan layak usaha taninya dengan nilai B/C dan R/C rasio berkisar pada nilai rata-rata masing-masing 1,27 dan 2,28 serta lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan penerapan sistem monokultur padi atau kedelai saja. Kata kunci: turiman padi-kedelai, efisiensi lahan, produktivitas, kelayakan usaha tani.