bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,4‐dinitroanisole transformation during advanced oxidation with ultraviolet light emitting diodes and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Burdsall Adam C. , Schober Jaya Das , Stubbs John E. , Agrawal Abinash , Harper Willie F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the kinetics and reaction mechanisms associated with advanced oxidation of 2,4‐dinitroanisole (DNAN) with light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the UV/H2O2 process. The pseudo first‐order reaction rate constants for DNAN oxidation depended on the H2O2/DNAN molar ratio and were between 0.017 and 0.026 min−1. Hydroxyl radical scavenging was strongly implicated by the experimental results. High mass spectrophotometric chromatograms showed the presence of several by‐products, including three with ecotoxicity that is greater than that of DNAN. Transformation pathways were analysed using Density Functional Theory (DFT), which helped to predict the presence of experimentally detected DNAN by‐products by considering Mulliken charges. This study is the first to elucidate DNAN transformation mechanisms using both experimental studies and computational chemistry.
Effect of the GERAS DANcing for Cognition and Exercise Program on Physical Function in Older Adults
Authors: Kennedy Courtney C. , Hewston Patricia , Ioannidis George , Egbujie Bonaventure , Marr Sharon , Negm Ahmed , Lee Justin , Hladysh Genevieve , Sztramko Richard , Woo Tricia , Misiaszek Brian , Patterson Christopher , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: August 2022

GERAS DANcing for Cognition and Exercise is a therapeutic dance program for older adults with cognitive or mobility impairments. Using a pre-/posttest study design, we investigated the effect of 12 weeks of dance on the short performance physical battery (SPPB). In 107 participants aged 61–93 (mean 76.1, SD = 7.0; 20% men), over 90% had multifrailty and/or cognitive impairment. The mean attendance rate was 18/24 classes (75%). A substantial minimal clinically important difference (>0.4) occurred for SPPB total (+0.53, SD = 2.04, p = .002) and chair stands (+0.45, SD = 0.92, p < .001). Individuals with baseline SPPB ≤8 points (n = 38)—indicative of sarcopenia and physical frailty—had the most marked improvement (SPPB total: +1.45, SD = 1.97, p < .001; balance: +0.65, SD = 1.27, p = .006; chair stands: +0.68, SD = 0.97, p < .001). GERAS DANcing for Cognition and Exercise may be a promising rehabilitation intervention to improve daily physical function.
Correlates of Physical Activity Among Adults in Botswana: Sociodemographic Factors, Health Status, and Body Image
Authors: Malete Leapetswe , Ricketts Chelsi , Chen Sisi , Jackson Jose 
Published: August 2022

Background: Growing evidence of lower physical activity (PA), higher sedentary behavior, and prevalence of overweight and obesity in African countries calls for more research on PA behavior and its various correlates in this context. This study examined the proportion of adults meeting World Health Organization PA guidelines from 3 urban regions of Botswana, as well as the relationship among sociodemographic factors, body image, and participation in moderate to vigorous PA. Methods: Using a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling approach, cross-sectional data were collected from 699 participants (females = 66%; M = 32.60 y; SD = 11.96). Results: Overall, 45.8% of participants met World Health Organization PA guidelines. Censored regression analyses indicated that females (B = −221.573, P < .001), and individuals from middle- (B = −331.913, P < .001), and high-income (B = −165.185, P = .036) households spent significantly less minutes in moderate to vigorous PA per week. Evaluative (B = −333.200, P < .001) and affective (B = −158.753, P = .038) components of body image were associated with significantly less minutes spent in moderate to vigorous PA per week. Conclusions: A systematic approach to PA promotion that targets females, middle- to high-income groups, and individuals experiencing body image concerns is needed.
Relationship of organic carbon deposition in the Monterey Formation to the Monterey excursion event based on an updated chronostratigraphic framework of the Naples Beach section, California
Authors: Blake Gregg H. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The Monterey Formation, consisting of siliceous and calcareous biogenic sediments, was deposited during the transition from a relatively warm greenhouse climate in the early Miocene to the cooler temperatures of icehouse climatic conditions during the early middle to late Miocene. This cooling event was associated with global paleoclimatic and oceanic changes assumed to be related to the deposition of organic carbon–rich sediments into the marginal basins of California.
This chapter introduces an age model for the Miocene strata at Naples Beach based on a composite stratigraphic section and standardized data set, providing the framework for the integration of biostratigraphic zones with a series of astronomically tuned siliceous and calcareous microfossil bioevents, an updated strontium isotope stratigraphy, new tephrochronology ages, and ages from specific magnetostratigraphic units. This multidisciplinary approach, utilizing the integration of microfossil disciplines with independent age controls, is critical to obtaining an age resolution of ~200 k.y. for the majority of the Monterey Formation section.
This chronostratigraphic framework improves the age control of the boundaries between the California benthic foraminiferal stages and provides more age refinement for the possible hiatus and condensed interval within the Carbonaceous Marl member of the Monterey Formation. The recalibrated ages for the tops of the Miocene benthic foraminiferal stages are Saucesian (ca. 17.4 Ma), Relizian (15.9 Ma), Luisian (13.1 Ma), and Mohnian (7.7 Ma). Also, the time missing in the hiatus between the Luisian and Mohnian is &lt;200 k.y., and the duration of the condensed interval is from 13.0 to 11 Ma.
This refined age model provides a correlation of the organic carbon–rich intervals occurring in the Luisian and lower Mohnian stages within the Naples Beach strata to the deep-sea δ13C maxima events CM5 (ca. 14.7 Ma) and CM6 (ca. 13.6 Ma), suggesting episodic increases in organic carbon deposition along the continental margins coincided with the Miocene carbon isotope excursion found in deep-sea cores. The transition from the Miocene climatic optimum to the icehouse world consisted of four climatic and oceanic phases (from ca. 17.5 to ca. 7 Ma), which are represented in the onshore section by variations in the organic carbon and phosphate contents, the occurrence of calcareous and siliceous lithologic facies, and the distribution of microfossils, especially changes in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages.
Transconduit approach for pulmonary vein stenting in an extracardiac Fontan and plastic bronchitis case
Authors: Matsuo Kumiyo , Hirose Masaki , Aoki Hisaaki , Kayatani Futoshi 
Published: August 2022

Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare but severe complication in patients following the Fontan operation, the final palliative procedure for single ventricle heart disease. PB is characterised by the formation of rubbery casts of the tracheobronchial tree that may cause cough, wheezing, dyspnoea and hypoxia. Progressive airway obstruction may lead to asphyxia and death, and the overall mortality rate is 15.2%. Most patients receive a combination therapy from three different treatment strategies, that is, therapy for relief of airway obstruction, anti-inflammatory treatment and treatment to improve haemodynamics of the Fontan physiology. Therapy improving haemodynamics consists of optimising the Fontan circulation or cardiac function, antiarrhythmic therapy, inhibition of lymph leakage/production, decompression of the Fontan circulation and heart transplantation.We present the case of a child with PB after extracardiac Fontan operation, who was refractory to balloon angioplasty and surgical release for pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis. We decided to perform stent implantation for the right PVs through transconduit puncture instead of fenestration because the position of fenestration was too high to access the PVs. After PV stenting via the transconduit approach, she experienced improvement in cough, wheezing and breathlessness, and a significant reduction in airway cast formation.
Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ National Ophthalmology Database study of cataract surgery: report 8, cohort analysis of the relationship between intraoperative complications of cataract surgery and axial length
Authors: Day Alexander C , Norridge Charlotte F E , Donachie Paul H J , Barnes Beth , Sparrow John M 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the relationships between axial length and intraoperative complications in patients undergoing cataract surgery.DesignCohort analysis of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists’ National Ophthalmology Database (RCOphth NOD).Setting110 National Health Service Trusts in England, Health Boards in Wales, Independent Sector Treatment Centres and Guernsey.Participants820 354 patients, aged 18 years or older, undergoing cataract surgery. Eligible operations were those from centres with at least 50 operations with a recorded axial length measurement and age at surgery between 1 April 2010 and 31 August 2019.InterventionsPhacoemulsification where the primary intention was cataract surgery alone.Outcome measuresPosterior capsule rupture (PCR) and other recorded intraoperative complications.Results1 211 520 eligible operations were performed by 3210 surgeons. The baseline axial length was <21 mm (short eyes) for 17 170 (1.4%) eyes, 21–28 mm (medium eyes) for 1 182 513 (97.6%) eyes and >28 mm (long eyes) for 11 837 (1.0%) eyes. The median age at surgery was younger for patients with long eyes than those with short or medium eyes. The rate of any intraoperative complication was higher for short eyes than medium or long with complication rates of 4.5%, 2.9% and 3.3%, respectively (p<0.001). PCR occurred in 1.40% surgeries overall, and in 1.53%, 1.40% and 1.61% of short, medium and long eyes, respectively (p=0.043, not significant at the 1% level).ConclusionsOverall PCR rates for cataract surgery in RCOphth NOD contributing centres are lower than previously reported and there is little change in PCR rates by axial length. Short eyes were more likely to have an intraoperative complication than medium or long eyes.
Socioeconomic inequalities in health status and survival: a cohort study in Rome
Authors: Dei Bardi Luca , Calandrini Enrico , Bargagli Anna Maria , Egidi Viviana , Davoli Marina , Agabiti Nera , Cesaroni Giulia 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo analyse the association between individual and contextual socioeconomic position (SEP) with health status and to investigate the role of SEP and baseline health status on survival.DesignCross-sectional and cohort study.SettingRome, Italy.Participants, primary and secondary outcomesWe selected the 25–99 year-olds included in the Rome 2011 census cohort. As a measure of health status on the census reference date (09 October 2011), we used the presence of chronic or rare conditions from the Disease-Related Co-payment Exemption Registry, a database implemented to provide free care to people with chronic or rare diseases. We used logistic regression to analyse the association between both individual (educational attainment) and contextual SEP (neighbourhood real estate price quintiles) with baseline health status. We analysed the role of SEP and the presence of chronic or rare conditions on 5-year survival (until 31 December 2016) using accelerated failure time models with Weibull distribution, reporting time ratios (TRs; 95% CI).ResultsIn middle-aged, subjects with low SEP (either individual or contextual) had a prevalence of chronic conditions comparable with the prevalence in high SEP individuals 10 years older. Adjusted logistic models confirmed the direct association between SEP and baseline health status in both women and men. The lowest educated were up to 67% more likely to have a chronic condition than the highest educated, while the difference was up to 86% for lowest versus highest contextual SEP. Low SEP and the presence of chronic conditions were associated with shorter survival times in both sexes, lowest versus highest educated TR was TR=0.79 for women (95% CI: 0.77 to 0.81) and TR=0.71 for men (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.73). The contextual SEP shrunk survival times by about 10%.ConclusionInequalities were present in both baseline health and survival. The association between SEP and survival was independent of baseline health status.
Benchmarking policy goals and actions for healthy food environments in Ethiopia to prevent malnutrition in all its forms using document analysis
Authors: Trübswasser Ursula , Candel Jeroen , Genye Tirsit , Bossuyt Anne , Holdsworth Michelle , Baye Kaleab , Talsma Elise 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveUnhealthy diets resulting in overweight and obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases are of increasing concern in Ethiopia, alongside persistent undernutrition, and have been linked to unhealthy food environments. Little is known about the policy response to unhealthy food environments in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess how different food environment domains have been addressed in Ethiopian policy goals and action over time and how this compares with global good practice benchmarks.SettingEthiopia.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe analysed intentions and plans of the government to act, using policy documents (outputs of decision-making in the form of published strategies, plans or policies) related to improving diets and nutritional status through healthy food environments in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2020. Our coding framework was guided by the policy component (n=7 domains) of the Healthy Food-Environment Policy Index, which was modified to include food quality and safety as an eighth domain.ResultsFrom the 127 policy outputs identified, 38 were retained, published by 9 different government ministries and institutions. Our results show that eight food environment domains have been addressed to some extent, but gaps remain compared with global best practice, especially in food promotion, processing, retail, price and trade. From 2018, policy began to embrace the wider food system, with more explicit food environment interventions becoming apparent.ConclusionsPolicy efforts achieved in food safety, food processing, marketing and labelling are important stepping stones to building future policy actions addressing the food environment domains of food retail, food provision and food trade. Benchmarking of food environment policy actions should also consider actions on food fortification, agro-processing and informal markets in the context of multiple forms of malnutrition.
Unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across urban areas in Chile: a cross-sectional demographic study
Authors: Mena Gonzalo , Aburto José Manuel 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy in Chile categorised by rural and urban areas, and to correlate life expectancy changes with socioeconomic factors at the municipal level.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional demographic analysis using aggregated national all-cause death data stratified by year, sex and municipality during the period 2010–2020.Setting and populationChilean population by age, sex and municipality from 2002 to 2020.Main outcome measuresStratified mortality rates using a Bayesian methodology. These were based on vital and demographic statistics from the national institute of statistics and department of vital statistics of ministry of health. With this, we assessed the unequal impact of the pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across Chilean municipalities for males and females and analysed previous mortality trends since 2010.ResultsLife expectancy declined for both males and females in 2020 compared with 2019. Urban areas were the most affected, with males losing 1.89 years and females 1.33 years. The strength of the decline in life expectancy correlated positively with indicators of social deprivation and poverty. Also, inequality in life expectancy between municipalities increased, largely due to excess mortality among the working-age population in socially disadvantaged municipalities.ConclusionsNot only do people in poorer areas live shorter lives, they also have been substantially more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased population health inequalities. Quantifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy provides a more comprehensive picture of the toll.
Exploring non-linear relationships between neighbourhood walkability and health: a cross-sectional study among US primary care patients with chronic conditions
Authors: Bonnell Levi Nicolas , Troy Austin R , Littenberg Benjamin 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundA recent study of licensed drivers found a non-linear relationship between density of non-residential destinations (NRDs), a proxy for walkability and body mass index (BMI) across a wide range of development patterns. It is unclear if this relationship can be replicated in a population with multiple chronic conditions or translated to health outcomes other than BMI.MethodsWe obtained health data and home addresses for 2405 adults with multiple chronic conditions from 44 primary care clinics across 13 states using the Integrating Behavioral health and Primary Care Trial. In this cross-sectional study, the relationships between density of NRDs (from a commercial database) within 1 km of the home address and self-reported BMI, and mental and physical health indices were assessed using several non-linear methods, including restricted cubic splines, LOWESS smoothing curves, non-parametric regression with a spline basis and piecewise linear regression.ResultsAll methods demonstrated similar non-linear relationships. Piecewise linear regression was selected for ease of interpretation. BMI had a positive marginal rate of change below the NRD density inflection point of 15 establishments/hectare (β=+0.09 kg/m2/non-residential buildings ha-1; 95% CI +0.01 to +0.14), and a negative marginal rate of change above the inflection point (β=−0.02; 95% CI −0.06 to 0.02). Mental health decreased with NRD density below the inflection point (β=−0.24; 95% CI −0.31 to −0.17) and increased above it (β=+0.03; 95% CI −0.00 to +0.07). Results were similar for physical health (β= −0.28; 95% CI −0.35 to −0.20) and (β=+0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to +0.10).ConclusionHealth indicators were the lowest in middle density (typically suburban) areas and got progressively better moving in either direction from the peak. NRDs may affect health differently depending on home-address NRD density.Trial registration numberNCT02868983.
Erlotinib plus bevacizumab versus erlotinib alone in patients withEGFR-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Deng Wusheng , Wang Ke , Jiang Yun , Li Dingbin , Bao Chongxi , Luo Jing , Liu Liuyuan , Huang Bing , Kong Jinliang 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesCombination treatment with erlotinib plus bevacizumab has the potential to become a standard treatment regimen for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm+) advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of erlotinib plus bevacizumab in patients withEGFRm+advanced NSCLC.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched, from inception to 15 January 2022.Eligibility criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), reported in English, assessing the efficacy of erlotinib plus bevacizumab versus erlotinib monotherapy in patients withEGFRm+advanced NSCLC.Data extraction and synthesisThe main objective was to assess overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs). Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects model was used where there was evidence for homogeneous effects.ResultsFour RCTs (reported across six publications) were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 775 patients included in the pooled analyses of PFS, OS and ORR (387 in the erlotinib plus bevacizumab intervention group and 388 in the erlotinib group). Compared with the erlotinib alone group, the erlotinib plus bevacizumab group achieved a significantly prolonged PFS (HR: 0.59; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.72; p<0.00001; I2=0%), but OS (HR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.15; p=0.59; I2=0%) and ORR (OR: 1.25; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.74; p=0.19; I2=0%) were not significantly prolonged. A total of 776 cases were used for a pooled analysis of AEs. Regarding AEs, combined treatment significantly increased the incidence of diarrhoea (51% vs 43%, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.38; p=0.006), haemorrhagic events (41% vs 20%, 95% CI 1.12 to 6.31; p=0.03), proteinuria (25% vs 3%, 95% CI 4.86 to 17.66; p<0.0001) and hypertension (40% vs 8%, 95% CI 3.66 to 7.88; p<0.0001).ConclusionsErlotinib plus bevacizumab for the treatment of patients withEGFRm+advanced NSCLC was associated with significantly prolonged PFS compared with erlotinib alone, but the combination did not prolong OS.
Implementation of a chest injury pathway in the emergency department
Authors: Dalla Vecchia Claudio , McDermott Cian , O'Keeffe Francis , Ramiah Vinny , Breslin Tomas 
Published: August 2022

Rib fractures represent a substantial health burden. Chest injuries contribute to 25% of deaths after trauma and survivors can experience long-standing consequences, such as reduced functional capabilities and loss of employment. Over recent years, there has been an increase in the awareness of the importance of early identification, aggressive pain management and adequate safety netting for patients with chest injuries. Substandard management leads to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. The development of protocols in the emergency department (ED) for management of patients with chest wall injuries has demonstrated reduction of complication rates.Our aim was to develop an evidence-based, multidisciplinary chest injury pathway for the management of patients presenting with rib injury to our ED.Prior to implementation of the pathway in our department, only 39% of patients were documented as having received analgesia and only 7% of discharged patients had documented written verbal advice. There was no standardised method to perform regional anaesthetic blocks. Using quality improvement methods, we standardised imaging modality, risk stratification with a scoring system, analgesia with emphasis on regional anaesthesia blocks and disposition with information leaflets for those discharged.Implementation of the pathway increased rates of documented analgesia received from 39% to 70%. The number of regional anaesthetic blocks performed went from 0% to 60% and the number of patients receiving discharge advice went from 7% to 70%. Compliance of doctors and nurses with the pathway was 63%.Our previous audits showed substandard management of patients with chest injuries in our department. Through this quality improvement project, we were able to improve the quality of care provided to patients attending with rib fractures by increasing rate of analgesia received, regional blocks performed and discharge advice given.