bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric frustration of Jahn-Teller order and ice rules in the infinite-layer lattice
Authors: Kim Woo Jin , Smeaton Michelle , Jia Chunjing , Goodge Berit , Cho Byeong-Gwan , Lee Kyuho , Osada Motoki , Ievlev Anton , Moritz Brian , Kourkoutis Lena , Devereaux Thomas , Hwang Harold 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The Jahn-Teller effect, in which electronic configurations with energetically degenerate orbitals induce lattice distortions to lift this degeneracy, plays a key role in many symmetry-lowering crystal deformations1. Lattices of Jahn-Teller ions can induce a cooperative distortion, as exemplified by LaMnO3 (refs.2–4). While many examples occur in octahedrally5 or tetrahedrally6 coordinated transition metal oxides due to their high orbital degeneracy, this effect has yet to be manifested for square-planar coordination, as found in infinite-layer Cu (refs.7-9), Ni (refs.10–12), Fe (refs.13–15), and Mn oxides16. Here we synthesize single-crystal CaCoO2 thin films by topotactic reduction of the Brownmillerite CaCoO2.5 phase. We observe a dramatically distorted infinite-layer structure, with Angstrom-scale displacements of the cations from their high-symmetry positions. This can be understood to originate from the Jahn-Teller degeneracy of the dxz and dyz-orbitals in the d7 electronic configuration along with substantial ligand-transition metal mixing. A complex pattern of distortions arises in a 2√2× 2√2×1 tetragonal supercell, reflecting the competition between an ordered Jahn-Teller effect of the CoO2 sublattice, and geometric frustration of the associated displacements of the Ca sublattice. As a result of this competition, the CaCoO2 structure forms an extended two-in/two-out type of Co distortion following “ice rules”17.
Assessment of Liver Enzyme Abnormality Among HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Achila Oliver Okoth , Kesete Yafet , Abrhaley Feven , Tesfaldet Feven , Alazar Filmon , Fisshaye Lidya , Gebremeskel Lidya , Andemichael Danait , Mehari Rodas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
- Liver disease are predominant in HIV/AIDS patients and a wide range of the population have been affected. However, studies that have assessed the burden and risks of liver enzyme alterations among antiretroviral therapy experienced patients are hardly available in Eritrea. Thus, the present study targets to determine the prevalence and the risks related with abnormal liver enzymes among HIV-infected individuals.
Methodology
- a cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in two national referral hospitals, in Asmara, Eritrea. A structured predesigned questionnaire was employed to capture sociodemographic data of patients and blood sample was taken for analyses of liver enzyme profile tests. Data was analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regressions in SPSS software.
Result
- The study included 329 participants of whom majority were females. Participants’ age ranges from 18 to 83 years with the mean age of 44.63(± 10.48). Patients had a history of taking first line regimen as either AZT, TDF, ABC or D4T based drug combinations with mean duration on drugs of 7.09(± 3.32) years. 88(26.7%) HAART experienced patients had significant alterations in their liver enzyme parameters. This abnormality was significantly associated with age (p-value = 0.022). HIV-1 patients with history of stavudine use as first line HAART medication had about three (AOR = 2.95; 95% CI = 1.19–7.27) times more elevated liver enzymes. Generally, liver enzymes were found to be higher in minority ethnic groups and rural areas (p value = 0.002).
Conclusion
-The results suggest that liver enzymes (ALT, AST) were significantly elevated in patients taking HAART medication. The finding of this study illustrates that HIV patients on antiretroviral medication are at increased risk of hepatotoxicity which necessitate for continuous and periodical clinical monitoring to reduce severe effects of liver injury.
Protective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf extract against oxidative stress, inflammation, depression, and apoptosis in a mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Mahmoud Mohammed S. , El-kott Attalla F. , AlGwaiz Hussah I.M. , Fathy Samah M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anti-depression impacts of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaf ethanolic extract (MOLE) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of CCl4-induced mouse model of hepatic encephalopathy. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect marker compounds; rutin and β-sitosterol. Animals were divided into four groups; vehicle group, CCl4 treated group, MOLE treated group, and (CCl4+ MOLE) group treated with MOLE for 14 days before CCl4-induced neurotoxicity. MOLE decreased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, corticosterone, and ammonia levels in serum and improved the antioxidant status of CCl4 treated mice in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. It reduced the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)4, TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) genes and the protein levels of the pro-inﬂammatory cytokines. MOLE also attenuated apoptosis, as revealed by the reduced expression of caspase3, and prevented histological deterioration. Furthermore, MOLE attenuated CCl4-induced anxiety and depression-like behavioral changes. Collectively, MOLE modulates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, TLR4/2-MyD88/NF-κB signaling, and apoptosis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the hepatic encephalopathy experimental model.
Fractionation of reward processing into independent neural representations by novel decoding principle
Authors: Jia Tianye , Xiang Shitong , Xie Chao , Zhu Zhichao , Kang Jujiao , Cheng Wei , Schumann Gunter , Robbins Trevor , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
How to retrieve latent neurobehavioural processes from complex human neurobiological signals is an important yet unresolved challenge. Processing value and salience information are fundamental yet mutually confounded pathways of reward reinforcement. Here, we develop a novel analytical approach, orthogonal-Decoding multi-Cognitive Processes (DeCoP), to decode brain-wide responses into spatially overlapping, yet functionally independent, evaluation and readiness networks during the anticipation of reward or punishment. Our findings indicate that this functional independence is modulated differentially by those neural systems innervated by the cortico-mesolimbic and nigro-striatal dopamine projections. The segregation of evaluation and readiness neural responses from a unified input signal was also achievable using a theoretical neuronal population-coding model, hence further advancing our understanding of the neural basis involved in motivational processing. Furthermore, our novel theoretical approach could potentially be applied more generally to decode multiple latent neurobehavioral processes and thus advance both the design and hypothesis testing in cognitive task paradigms.
Interactions of Chitosan-coated Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
using Mentha spicata and Standard Antibiotics against Bacterial
Pathogens
Authors: Andleeb Saiqa , Khan Habib , Nisar Tayba , Latif Zahid , Raja Sadaf Azad , Awan Uzma Azeem , Maqbool Kiran , Khurshid Sadia 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Infectious diseases are caused by various multidrug-resistant pathogenic
bacteria and in recent scenarios, nanoparticles have been used as innovative antimicrobial agents.

Aims:
This current research aimed to evaluate the bactericidal effect of chitosan-coated green synthesized
silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Mentha spicata (MSaqu) against bacterial
pathogens, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Methods:
Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (MSAgNPs) were carried out via
atomic absorption spectrometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Agar well and agar
disc diffusion methods were used to assess the antibacterial and synergistic effect of chitosanmediated
biogenic silver nanoparticles and standard antibiotics. Three types of interactions, i.e.,
antagonistic (↓), synergistic (↑), and additive (¥) were observed.

Results:
Synergistic effect was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.5±0.25 mm↑), Serratia
marcescens (19.0±1.0 mm↑), and Klebsiela pneumonia (8.5±0.25 mm↑), an additive effect was
exhibited by Escherichia coli (9.0±0.0 mm¥), Streptococcus pyogenes (10.0±0.0 mm¥), and Staphylococcus
aureus (7.5±0.25 mm↓) and they showed antagonistic effects when chitosan-coated silver
nanoparticles (CLMSAgNPs) were applied compared to chitosan, MSaqu, and MSAgNPs. Interesting
antibacterial results were recorded when chitosan-coated Mentha spicata extract and silver nanoparticles
were applied along with antibiotics. The synergistic effects of chitosan-coated silver
nanoparticles (CLMSAgNPs) + K were recorded against E. coli (14.5±0.25 mm). The synergistic
effects of chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (CLMSAgNPs) + AML were recorded against E. coli
(5.5±0.0 mm), S. pyogenes (10.0±0.0 mm), K. pneumonia (5.5±0.0 mm), and S. aureus (4.0±0.0
mm). The synergistic effects of chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (CLMSAgNPs) + NOR were
recorded against E. coli (16.0±0.0 mm), P. aeruginosa (19.0±0.0 mm), S. marcescens (19.5±0.25
mm), S. pyogenes (11.5.0±0.25 mm), K. pneumonia (23.0±0.0 mm), and S. aureus (8.5±0.25 mm).

Conclusions:
Current findings concluded that chitosan-coated biogenic silver nanoparticles have
potential bactericidal effects against infectious pathogens and could be used as forthcoming antibacterial
agents.
Infestation of Rice by Gall Midge Influences Density and Diversity of
Pseudomonas and Wolbachia in the Host Plant Microbiome
Authors: Nair Suresh , Sinha Deepak K. , Gupta Ayushi , Padmakumari Ayyagari P. , Bentur Jagadish S. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The virulence of phytophagous insects is predominantly determined by their
ability to evade or suppress host defense for their survival. The rice gall midge (GM, Orseolia oryzae),
a monophagous pest of rice, elicits a host defense similar to the one elicited upon pathogen attack.
This could be due to the GM feeding behaviour, wherein the GM endosymbionts are transferred to the
host plant via oral secretions, and as a result, the host mounts an appropriate defense response(s) (i.e.,
up-regulation of the salicylic acid pathway) against these endosymbionts.

Methods:
The current study aimed to analyze the microbiome present at the feeding site of GM maggots
to determine the exchange of bacterial species between GM and its host and to elucidate their role
in rice-GM interaction using a next-generation sequencing approach.

Results:
Our results revealed differential representation of the phylum Proteobacteria in the GMinfested
and -uninfested rice tissues. Furthermore, analysis of the species diversity of Pseudomonas
and Wolbachia supergroups at the feeding sites indicated the exchange of bacterial species between
GM and its host upon infestation.

Conclusion:
As rice-GM microbial associations remain relatively unstudied, these findings not only
add to our current understanding of microbe-assisted insect-plant interactions but also provide valuable
insights into how these bacteria drive insect-plant coevolution. Moreover, to the best of our
knowledge, this is the first report analyzing the microbiome of a host plant (rice) at the feeding site of
its insect pest (GM).
Recent Developments in Multi-component Synthesis of Lawsone Derivatives
Authors: Vedula Rajeswar Rao , Penta Santhosh , Varma Rajender S. , Chandrakar Komal , Patel Jeevan Lal , Virendra R. K. , Mahapatra Shayama Prasad 
Published: April 2022

Background:
2-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinone (HNQ; Lawsone) is one of the most
useful and the simplest naturally occurring naphthoquinones and has stimulated a resurgence of
interest in the past decades due to a wide range of pharmacological activities.

Introduction and Method:
This activity has led to the unusually large emphasis being placed
on the design of more efficient multi-component reactions (MCRs) in the synthesis of bioactive
lawsone derivatives.

Results and Conclusion:
This review highlights the recent developments in multi-component
synthesis of biologically relevant naphthoquinone linked and fused heterocyclic derivatives carried
out from 2015 till now.
Triamcinolone as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease and
Cytokine Storm: An In silico Study
Authors: Tripathi Vishwas , Mishra Amaresh , Abul Qais Faizan , Pathak Yamini , Camps Ihosvany 
Published: April 2022

Background:
An ongoing global public health concern is the emerging COVID-19 pandemic
triggered by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Mpro, a main protease of SARSCoV-
2, has been established as a potential drug target because of its direct role in viral replication and
ability to infiltrate the multiple host pathways.

Objective:
This research aims to classify new therapeutic drug candidates who may be repositioned for
COVID-19 therapeutics.

Methods:
We have taken similar drug compounds of Dexamethasone and targeted the main protease of
SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) along with the key molecules involved in the 'cytokine storm.' Further, we did MD
simulations and calculated the molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) on the
active site of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) and TNF-α, IL-6, & IL-1β to explore the binding
affinity and stability.

Results:
Based on our study outcome, Triamcinolone emerged as the most promising inhibitor of the
main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro) and the cytokine storm molecules, i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Conclusion:
This research investigates the repositioning of COVID-19 drugs as a new therapeutic
application.
Knowlesi Malaria in Children
Authors: Mohan Kriti , Kumar Manish , Omar Balram Ji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The fifth malaria parasite causing human malaria- Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk), is not a newly emergent species but was an undiagnosed species before availability of molecular methods as diagnostic tool and was often confused with morphologically similar human malaria parasite P. malariae or P. falciparum. Now it is well distributed species in South-east Asia especially in Malaysia. Since the year 2004, cases of Pk malaria are continuously being reported in adults. Though adult age, forest related activities and recent visit to forested area are well known factors, but childhood did not remain untouched with this disease. Few researches and reports that are available in literature indicate, though the infection in children is uncomplicated, but this may be attributed to scarcity of data and researches in the field. Even cases of Pk malaria in pregnant women and infants are being reported, so this indicates that the problem is not only confined to well-known factors related to the disease but we should think out of the box and take actions before the disease takes the form of significant health burden on human population as vivax and falciparum species did in the past. With the reports of Pk malaria in pregnancy and early infancy, possibility of congenital and neonatal malaria also can’t be denied of. So more and more researches are needed in future to know the clear picture of Pk malaria in pediatric population. So this review covers the problem status, demographic profile, clinical and hematological features, diagnosis, management and outcome of Pk malaria in children worldwide. This review also discusses the gaps in our knowledge in the field of real problem status, prevention, control, diagnosis and management of Pk malaria pertaining particularly to this age group.
Alterations of the Subchondral Bone in Osteoarthritis: Complying with
Wolff’s Law
Authors: Zhang Nianfei , Ding Ran , Wang Qi , Wang Weiguo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole joint disease that is significantly related to abnormal me-chanical loads. Subchondral bone alterations, during the evolution course of OA, are considered a reflection of the adaptation of the bone tissue to mechanical loads. However, some of these altera-tions are taken as a detriment and paradoxical. What are these structure, composition, and mechani-cal property alterations or mechanical functions for are not quite clear. In this review, we discuss the possibility that these alterations are used for maintaining the joint function. With taking exces-sive load as a risk factor and under conditions of articular cartilage gradually lose its thickness and its function of evenly distributing the load on the subchondral bone plate, and applying Poroelastici-ty to bone mechanics; moreover, Boussinesq’s pressure bulb theory and bone optimal design princi-ples are utilized. We found that each subchondral bone alteration has its unique mechanical function in resisting loads and maintaining the joint function, and these alterations comply with both bone optimal design principles and Wolff’s law within a proper range.
The Relationship Between FoxP3 and SOCs3 Gene Expressions and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Anani Haneya A. A. , Tawfeik Amany M. , El-dydamoni Omnia A. , Maghraby Hend M. , Elshohat Eman , Seliem Nora , Abou elhassan Hanaa A. , Kassem Eman A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Immune dysregulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The CD4+CD25 high FoxP3+ subset of regulatory T cells plays an essential
role in preventing autoimmunity and maintaining immune homeostasis. Negative regulation
of JAK/STAT signaling is controlled by Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCs3) proteins. SOCs
is produced at lower levels in RA. Our aim was to evaluate the expressional dysregulation of SOCs3
and FoxP3 genes in RA patients in relation to disease activity.

Methods:
We have recruited 90 patients with RA and 60 healthy controls in case control study.
Whole blood samples were collected from RA patients and healthy subjects. The measurement of
FoxP3 and SOCs3 gene expression was performed by real-time PCR (qPCR).

Results:
Patients with RA had significantly decreased expression levels of FoxP3 and SOCs3 genes
in comparison with controls (P<0.001), in addition to the insignificance correlation of both genes
with disease activity in RA patients.

Conclusion:
FoxP3 and SOCs3 genes showed significant defects in rheumatoid arthritis patients
with no significant difference in disease activity.
Attendance Monitoring System Design Based on Face Segmentation and
Recognition
Authors: Rohini Valaparla , Sobhana Mummaneni , Chowdary Ch Smitha 
Published: April 2022

Aim:
The proposed work aim was to monitor real-time attendance using face recognition
in every institutional sector. It is one of the key concerns in every organization.

Background:
Nowadays, most organizations spend a lot of time marking attendance for a large
number of individuals manually. Many technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
and biometric systems are introduced to overcome the manual attendance system. when using these
RFID and biometric people need to stand in queue to make their presence.

Objective:
The main objective of the system is to provide an automated attendance system with the
help of face recognition owing to the difficulty in the manual as well as other traditional attendance
systems.

Methods:
The proposed work was done through face recognition using Machine Learning. Face
recognition is a part of biometric characteristic of a human. It was easy to process than other biometric
measurements like fingerprint, iris scan, hand scan, retina scan. The Haarcascade classifier
will detect a face, and the LBPH algorithm will recognize the face. The experiment performs on
the creation of real-time face data.

Results:
Using the web camera connected to the computer, face detection and recognition are performed,
and recognized faces mark as attended. Here, the admin module and teacher modules are
implemented with different functionalities to monitor attendance.

Conclusion:
Experiment results get 94.5% accuracy in face detection and 98.5% accuracy in face
recognition by using the Haarcascade classifier and LBPH algorithm. This application system will
be simple to implement, accurate, and efficient in monitoring attendance in real-time.
In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Crude Extract, Fractions, and
Ergosterol Peroxide from Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum
Authors: Santos Mário F.C. , Moreira Marcela A.M. , Maiolini Tatiane C.S. , Dias Danielle F. , Chagas-Paula Daniela A. , Azevedo Luciana , Soares Marisi G. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a phytopathogenic fungus from Sclerotinaceae
family. This fungus parasitizes approximately 400 species of plants of great economic importance,
such as soybean and beans. In this study, the anti-inflammatory properties of extracts, fractions, and
isolated compound ergosterol peroxide were investigated. The hexane fraction and 1 inhibited croton
oil-induced ear edema. In addition, ergosterol peroxide also inhibited neutrophil recruitment in the
myeloperoxidase assay, demonstrating that ergosterol peroxide exerts anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting
the activity of both COX and LOX pathways. Moreover, these results provide new knowledge
regarding S. sclerotiorum as a source of extracts and bioactive compounds.

Objective::
The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
and its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.

Method:
The crude extract, fractions, and ergosterol peroxide of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were evaluated
by croton oil-induced ear edema quantification of MPO (myeloperoxidase enzyme).

Results:
The crude extract and hexane fraction exhibited edema inhibition of 50.5 and 70.6%, respectively.
The ergosterol peroxide isolated from the hexane bioactive fractions exhibited significant inhibition
of ear edema, indicating inhibition of the COX pathway. In addition, ergosterol peroxide inhibited
neutrophil recruitment.

Conclusion:
The extract and fractions, as well as the isolated compound of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,
exhibited anti-inflammatory potential.
Performance Enhancement of FSO System using Modified Exponentiated
Weibull Channel Model
Authors: Pradhan Himansu Shekhar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
In free space optics (FSO) communication system, turbulence in the atmosphere
leads to the intensity fluctuations of the received signal at the receiver end. Due to this reason,
the performance of the free space optical communication system gets affected and results in fading of
the received signal.

Objectives:
Performance improvement of FSO system using sophisticated channel modelling and fading
mitigation techniques.

Methods:
This paper presents the performance improvement of the FSO system using a modified Exponentiated
Weibull (MEW) channel model. Moreover, the performance of the FSO system is compared
using different channel models such as Gamma-Gamma and Exponentiated Weibull.

Results:
The results in bit error rate (BER) with respect to different signal to noise ratio (SNR) are obtained
using MEW, Gamma-Gamma, and Exponentiated Weibull channel models. In addition, BER is
calculated for different aperture sizes such as 1.8, 5, and 13 mm using the proposed channel model to
improve the performance of the FSO system. Similarly, the relay assisted technique is utilized to calculate
the BER using the proposed channel model.

Conclusion:
An improvement of free space optical communication system is presented in terms of
fading using channel modelling at different atmospheric turbulence conditions. An appropriate
channel model is proposed for improving the performance of the FSO communication system using
fading mitigation techniques. The proposed MEW channel model best describes the strong atmospheric
turbulence induced fading. In addition, the performance of the free space optics system is improved
using fading mitigation techniques such as aperture averaging and relay assisted FSO system.