bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success rate of artificial insemination, reproductive performance and economic impact of failure of first service insemination: a retrospective study
Authors: Tadesse Belege , Reda Abadi Amare , Kassaw Nuredin Teshale , Tadeg Wedajo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
A retrospective cohort study using a 10 year artificial insemination (AI) and cow reproductive performance data was conducted to study the success rate of AI; associations between effectiveness of AI and breed, AI season and, number of service per conception, and economic impact of failure of FSC in Dessie town, Dessie zuria and Kutaber districts. A total of 3480 dairy cows’ AI and reproductive performance records which were performed between 2003 and 2013 in the three selected districts of South Wollo were used. The economic losses and costs for cows that failed to conceive at their first AI associated with the larger number of days open were estimated.

Result
The prevalence of conception has a statistically significant difference between breeds of cows (P = 0.019). The non-return rate for first service was 58.54%. The median days to first service (DFS), inter-service interval (ISI) and gestation length (GL) were 126, 30 and 278 days respectively. Whereas, the mean + SD days open, calving interval (CI), number of inseminations (NOI) and number of services per conception (NSPC) were 147.2 ± 60.26, 424.5 ± 60.55, 1.14 ± 0.38 and 1.15 ± 0.39 respectively. Based on AI season there was a significant difference in conception between winter and spring (P = 0.021). There is a 45.04 days extension in the mean calving to conception interval in cows that did not conceive at their first AI but conceived by 2nd and 3rd AI than in cows that did conceive at their first AI. A total of 21,665.3 ETB extra costs was spent on reproductive treatment and other management for cows that failed to conceive at their first AI but conceived by second and third service. In cows that did not conceive totally the owner losses on average 473.7 ETB per cow per day extra costs until the cows will be culled.

Conclusion
Therefore to increase the conception rate and decrease the economic loss the owners of the dairy cows should supervise the cows regularly and should be trained on how to identify cows on estrous, the AI technicians should be trained to conduct the AI service accurately.
Recent advances in porous nanomaterials-based drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Li Su-Ran , Huo Fang-Yi , Wang Han-Qi , Wang Jing , Xu Chun , Liu Bing , Bu Lin-Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic regimen because of the specificity and durability of immune modulations to treat cancers. Current cancer immunotherapy is limited by some barriers such as poor response rate, low tumor specificity and systemic toxicities. Porous nanomaterials (PNMs) possess high loading capacity and tunable porosity, receiving intense attention in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, novel PNMs based drug delivery systems have been employed in antitumor immunotherapy to enhance tissue or organ targeting and reduce immune-related adverse events. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of PNMs including inorganic, organic, and organic–inorganic hybrid ones for cancer immunotherapy. The design of PNMs and their performance in cancer immunotherapy are discussed in detail, with a focus on how those designs can address the challenges in current conventional immunotherapy. Lastly, we present future directions of PNMs for cancer immunotherapy including the challenges and research gaps, providing new insights about the design of PNMs for efficient cancer immunotherapy with better performance as powerful weapons against tumors. Finally, we discussed the relevant challenges that urgently need to be addressed in clinical practice, coupled with corresponding solutions to these problems.
High androgen concentrations in follicular fluid of polycystic ovary syndrome women
Authors: Bongrani Alice , Plotton Ingrid , Mellouk Namya , Ramé Christelle , Guerif Fabrice , Froment Pascal , Dupont Joëlle 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
According to current definitions of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), hyperandrogenism is considered as a key element in the pathogenesis of this common endocrinopathy. However, until now, studies about ovarian androgen profile in women are very rare. Our aim was then to characterise the expression profile of the androgens in follicular fluid of 30 PCOS patients, and compare it to those of 47 Control women and 29 women with only polycystic ovary morphology on ultrasounds (ECHO group).

Methods
A retrospective, single-centre cohort study was performed. The intrafollicular concentrations of the key androgens were assessed and correlated with the intrafollicular levels of some adipokines of interest. Androgens were quantified by mass spectrophotometry combined with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, while adipokine concentrations were measured by ELISA assays.

Results
In PCOS patients, the intrafollicular concentrations of the androgens synthesised by ovarian theca cells, i.e., 17OH-pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone, were significantly higher than those of the androgens of adrenal origin, and positively correlated with the main PCOS clinical and biological features, as well as with the adipokines mostly expressed in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients, i.e. resistin, omentin, chemerin and apelin. Conversely, Control women showed the highest levels of 17OH-progesterone, deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. Confirming these results, apelin levels were negatively associated with pregnenolone and deoxycorticosterone concentrations, while visfatin levels, which were higher in the Control group, negatively correlated with the Δ4-androstenedione and testosterone ones.

Conclusions
PCOS is characterised by a selective increase in the intrafollicular levels of the androgens synthesised by theca cells, strengthening the hypothesis that ovarian hyperandrogenism plays a central role in its pathogenesis. Further, the significant correlation between the intrafollicular concentrations of the androgens and most of the adipokines of interest, including apelin, chemerin, resistin and omentin, confirms the existence of a close relationship between these two hormonal systems, which appear deeply involved in ovarian physiology and PCOS physiopathology.
Potential risk factors for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in finishing pigs on conventional farms in the Netherlands
Authors: Eppink Dorien M. , Bouwknegt Martijn , van der Giessen Joke W. B. , Swanenburg Manon , Oorburg Derk , Urlings Bert A. P. , van Wagenberg Coen P. A. , van Asseldonk Marcel A. P. M. , Wisselink Henk J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe parasiteToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)causes a substantial human disease burden worldwide. Ingesting improperly cooked pork containingT. gondiiis considered one of the major sources of human infection in Europe and North America. Consequently, control ofT. gondiiinfections in pigs is warranted. The European Food Safety Authority advised to perform serological monitoring of pigs and to conduct farm audits for the presence of risk factors. Serological monitoring was implemented in several Dutch slaughterhouses, one to six blood samples (a total of 5134 samples) were taken from each delivery of finishing pigs and samples were tested for the presence of anti-T. gondiiantibodies. Using these test results, a cross-sectional study was initiated to assess the association between the within-herdT. gondiiseroprevalence and the presence of risk factors forT. gondiiinfections at 69 conventional finishing pig farms in the Netherlands.ResultsA multivariable model showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) association with twelve potential risk factors: type of farm, presence of dogs, presence of ruminants, use of boots, use of shower and farm clothing, mode of rodent control, bedding accessibility for rodents, presence of cats, type of drinking water, heating of the feed, use of goat whey and shielding of birds.ConclusionsSerological monitoring of finishing pigs forT. gondiiin slaughterhouses can be used to identify the presence ofT. gondiirisk factors on Dutch conventional finishing pig farms and seems a valuable tool to guide and monitor the control ofT. gondiiin pork production.
Heterotaxy polysplenia syndrome presenting with bleeding from the greater curvature of stomach: a case report
Authors: Ali Mahrukh , Khan Noman , Shahid Jehanzeb , Shah Samana Zainab , Raees Aimun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The “heterotaxy syndrome” also called “situs ambiguus” is a rare condition in which the internal organs of the chest and abdomen are abnormally arranged. This syndrome is usually associated with a spectrum of health-related conditions involving birth defects in organs like the heart, spleen, liver, lungs and others.

Case presentation
We present a case of a 29-year-old male who came with an episode of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. On arrival he was vitally unstable and after resuscitation underwent a contrast-enhanced CT scan examination. The CT scan identified the features of heterotaxy syndrome with left isomerism and an abnormal blush from the branch of splenic artery supplying the greater curvature of the stomach. Embolization of the splenic artery branches was performed with the help of gel foam. No abnormal blush was identified post-embolization. Later on, in his hospital stay the patient went into pulse less electrical activity and died.

Conclusion
Upper gastrointestinal bleed in the patients with heterotaxy syndrome is a rare presentation of a rare condition. Our case highlights the importance of diagnostic and interventional radiology in diagnosing such patients and identifying the site of bleed especially where endoscopic visualization is not possible and managing the bleeding efficiently.
Versatile Conversions of Substituents in Guaiazulene: Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Controlled Regiospecific Reactivities
Authors: Maruoka Kiyotaka , Kamishima Takaaki , Koseki Yoshitaka , Suzuki Ryuju , Dao Anh Thi Ngoc , Murafuji Toshihiro , Kasai Hitoshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Azulene derivatives such as guaiazulene have unique properties and thus play important roles in electronic materials. However, the application of these materials is limited by the lack of functionalization approaches for guaiazulene extracted from natural products. Herein, we report a method for the synthesis of three guaiazulene carboxylic acid derivatives in four to five steps by controlling the reactivity of guaiazulene. 7-Isopropyl-4-methylazulene-1-carboxylic acid was prepared by protecting the C-3 position of guaiazulene with an ester group to inhibit unexpected reactions. We also introduced a carboxyl group at the inactive C-2 position of guaiazulene using a boryl group as a key intermediate. The C4-methyl group of guaiazulene was converted to a formyl group utilizing the acidity of the protons on the C4-methyl group. By protecting the C-3 position of guaiazulene with a tosyl group, 7-isopropyl-1-methylazulene-4-carboxylic acid was synthesized via Kraus-Pinnick oxidation. Ultraviolet/visible spectra of the synthesized guaiazulene carboxylic acids indicate that the longest wavelength at maximum absorption varied depending on the substitution position of the carboxyl group in guaiazulene. Guaiazulene carboxylic derivatives will serve as building blocks for the development of guaiazulene-based materials because the carboxyl group can be converted to various functional groups.
A systematic review protocol of quantitative instruments of income inequality in studies of children and adolescents
Authors: O Driscoll David , Kiely Elizabeth , O Keeffe Linda , Khashan Ali 
Published: June 2022

Background: Income inequality is an important indicator of socioeconomic position which is a determinant of social, psychological, and physical health outcomes from childhood to adulthood. Different income inequality instruments (metrics) are used to investigate associations between income inequality and health outcomes (e.g. Gini coefficient). Income inequality instruments provide unique information on the construct of socioeconomic inequality. Albeit there is variation in studies as to the type and rationale for using a particular quantitative instrument of income inequality. The aim of this systematic review will be to investigate and identify the most used quantitative income inequality instrument in studies of children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. Methods: The PRISMA-P framework will be applied to identify high quality articles (PROSPERO: CRD42021259114). A search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO. The search will include studies concerned with income inequality and/or socioeconomic inequality in children and adolescents. All articles will be independently reviewed, data extracted, and quality appraised by two reviewers and a third to arbitrate disputes. Articles will be reviewed by title and abstract using inclusion criteria. A data extraction form will be used. Three questions will assess the quality of the rationale for using a particular income inequality instrument and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to assess bias and quality. The primary outcome of interest is the type and frequency of quantitative income inequality instruments used and the study outcome associated with that income inequality instrument. Conclusions: This systematic review will aim to provide a summary of the different types of quantitative income inequality instruments used in studies of child and adolescent populations. This will help to guide researchers and policy makers on the use of income inequality metrics in future studies aimed at understanding associations with health and social outcomes in children and adolescents.
Occlusal considerations for single tooth implant crowns
Authors: Charadva Hemal 
Published: June 2022

With the rise in popularity of dental implants to replace missing teeth, there are also increasing concerns surrounding complications. Within the plethora of complications and associated aetiologies, occlusion is possibly the least understood. The biomechanical principles shown in this article can provide some suggestions on occlusal schemes for single implants. CPD/Clinical Relevance: By understanding occlusal considerations for single implant crowns, the risk of complications can be minimized.
Dental implications of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the management of head and neck cancer
Authors: Tan Shir Lynn , Warner Laura , Trainor Jenna 
Published: June 2022

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is increasingly being used in the UK as an alternative to other treatment modalities for the management of head and neck cancer. This article describes key features of the robotic system, and discusses risks of peri-operative dental complications that can arise as a result of introducing large robotic instruments into the confined space of the oral cavity. It also explores potential solutions and the role of dentists in reducing the risks of inadvertent hard and soft tissue injuries occurring during the procedure. CPD/Clinical Relevance: A basic understanding of current surgical treatment modalities and their dental implications is important for GDPs.
Necrotizing fasciitis: a severe complication of odontogenic infection
Authors: Olsson Lewis , Muir Hannah , Grant Jaime , Brands Marieke T , Vuity Drazsen 
Published: June 2022

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare complication of dental infection and is associated with a significant mortality rate. Prompt recognition and urgent referral are therefore essential. Surgical debridement and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy are the mainstay of management. This report outlines a case of necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin in an otherwise healthy 32-year-old patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis to the dental team, discusses its management and serves as a reminder of the potential severe complications of unmanaged dental infection.
Peripheral facial nerve palsy after lip augmentation: an unusual case presentation
Authors: Ilyas Sana , Mukherjee Kishalaya , Shetty Suresh 
Published: June 2022

The demand for lip augmentation has increased over the recent years. Facial palsy is not a frequently encountered presentation post cosmetic fillers, there is little literature on this. Therefore, it is important to highlight the findings of this case and to discuss the possible pathophysiology and management, should a similar case arise. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report discusses an incidental finding of left-sided facial nerve palsy post lip augmentation.
Vacuum-formed versus fixed orthodontic retainers
Authors: Heavey Cathal 
Published: June 2022

At present, limited guidance is available on what retentive intervention provides the best post-orthodontic stability in the region of most concern to our patients: the labial segments. This article brings together the most recent research to draw a conclusion on which of the most common retentive devices would be considered the current best practice. While studies show some relapse is likely regardless of the clinician's choice of retention, the studies suggest that the use of a bonded retainer offers greater stability in the long term in the mandible. The data collected for the maxillary arch are of a shorter duration, as such, there is insufficient evidence to promote one method over the other. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental practitioners providing orthodontic treatment need to know the best retention options available to ensure long term stability following treatment, maintaining patient satisfaction.
Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from three brown algae collected from Sanur Coastal Waters, Bali as biopolymer agent
Authors: PERMATASARI ANAK AGUNG AYU PUTRI , ROSIANA I WAYAN , WIRADANA PUTU ANGGA , LESTARI MIA DWI , WIDIASTUTI NI KOMANG , KURNIAWAN SETYO BUDI , WIDHIANTARA I GEDE 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Permatasari AAAP, Rosiana IW, Wiradana PA, Lestari MD, Widiastuti NK, Kurniawan SB, Widhiantara IG. 2022. Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from three brown algae collected from Sanur Coastal Waters, Bali as biopolymer agent. Biodiversitas 23: 1655-1663. Sodium alginate extracted algae are gaining attention as alternative biopolymer materials. This research aimed to extract and characterize the natrium alginate from three brown algae obtained from Sanur Beach, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Alginate extraction was carried out using acid hydrolysis by Na2CO3 with further purification using isopropyl alcohol. Physicochemical characterization was carried out using FT-IR. The results showed that Sargassum aquifolium and Turbinaria ornata had higher yields (%) than Padina australis (P<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in water content, protein content, fat content and pH of the three brown algae. Overall, these three types of brown algae have values ??that are close to the sodium alginate standard set by the Food Chemical Codex (FCC), except for the results of Padina australis in the yield parameter. The functional group Na which is characteristic of sodium alginate is present in all alginate isomers, but there are some functional groups that are still not available in the extraction process in this study based on FT-IR analysis. These findings indicate that sodium alginate extracts from various types of brown algae have specific characteristics as defined by the Food Chemical Codex (FCC) and show great potential to be used as biopolymer materials, especially in the biomedical field.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of bundled innovative devices versus standard approach in the prevention of unscheduled peripheral venous catheters removal due to complications in France
Authors: Maunoury Franck , Drugeon Bertrand , Boisson Matthieu , Marjanovic Nicolas , Couvreur Raphael , Mimoz Olivier , Guenezan Jeremy ,   on behalf of the CLEAN-3 Study
Published: June 2022

The objective of the study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of bundled devices (BDs) versus standard devices (SDs) for the prevention of unscheduled peripheral venous catheter (PVC) removal due to complication from a French investigator-initiated, open-label, single center, randomized-controlled, two-by-two factorial trial (CLEAN-3 study). A 14-day time non homogeneous semi-markovian model was performed to be fitted to longitudinal individual patient data from CLEAN-3 database. This model includes five health states and eight transitional events; a base case scenario, two scenario analyses and bootstrap sensitivity analyses were performed. The cost-effectiveness criterion was the cost per patient with unscheduled PVC removal avoided. 989 adult (age≥18 years) patients were analyzed to compare the BDs group (494 patients), and the SDs group (495 patients). The assessed intervention was a combination of closed integrated catheters, positive displacement needleless-connectors, disinfecting caps, and single-use prefilled flush syringes compared with the use of open catheters and three-way stopcocks for treatment administration. For the base case scenario, an unscheduled 1st PVC removal before discharge was significantly more frequent in the SDs group (235 patients (47.5%) in the SDs group and 172 patients (34.8%) in the BDs group, p = 0.00006). After adjustment for 1st catheter time, the number of patients with unscheduled PVC removal per day was of 16 (95%CI: 15; 18) patients (out of 100) in the BDs group and of 26 (95%CI: 24; 28) patients (out of 100) in the SDs group. The mean cost per patient (adjusted on catheter-time) was of €144 (95%CI: €135-€154) for patients in the SDs group versus €102 (95%CI: €95-€109) for patients in the BDs group; the mean saving per patient was of €42 (95%CI: €32-€54). As a consequence, the assessed BDs strategy was less costly and more effective than the SDs strategy.
Trail registration: CLEAN-3 study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03757143.
Socio-economic and cultural determinants of mothers and fathers for low birth weight newborns in the region of Marrakech (Morocco): A case-control study
Authors: Elaabsi Mohamed , Loukid Mohamed , Lamtali Saloua 
Published: June 2022

Background
Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a birth weight less than 2500 g. It is an important predictor of early neonatal mortality, morbidity, and long-term health outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for low birth weight in Marrakech Morocco.

Methods
A retrospective based case-control study was conducted from July 2018 to July 2019. 462 mother infant pairs (231 low birth weight babies as cases and 231 normal birth weights as controls) were included in the study. Data were collected through face to face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The collected data were managed with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight at p-value < 0.05 with their respective odds ratios and 95% confidence interval.

Results
The univariate analysis revealed the effect of the following determinants on the LBW: rural residence, father’s age, father’s professional activity, consanguinity, family type, mother’s low educational level, and mother’s intense physical activity. After the multivariate analysis, the risk factors identified were: rural residence (P = 0.017), father’s professional activity (temporarily working) (P = 0.000), absence of the consanguinity link (P = 0.016), and mother’s intense physical activity (P = 0.014).

Conclusion
Results show father’s professional activity (temporarily working), rural residence, absence of the consanguinity link and mother’s intense physical activity are independent predictors of low birth weight. The current findings add substantially to the growing literature on the influence of parent’s socio-demographic and cultural factors on LBW in resource-constrained settings and provide empirical data for public health interventions to reduce low birth weight.