bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of ventricular fibrillation as a complication of pericardiectomy in 16 dogs
Authors: Raleigh Joseph S. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Visser Lance C. , Milovancev Milan , Kuntz Charles A. , Formaggini Luca , Chiu Hsien‐Chieh , Skinner Owen T. , Naiman Jaron H. , Oblak Michelle L. , McAnulty Jonathan F. , Hoffman Christopher L. , Brückner Michael , Singh Ameet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics, perioperative protocols, and outcomes in dogs diagnosed with ventricular fibrillation (VF) while undergoing pericardiectomy.Study designRetrospective, multi‐institutional study.AnimalsSixteen client‐owned dogs.MethodsCases were accrued through a listserve request posted to 3 subspecialty veterinary societies. Dogs were included if they developed VF during a pericardiectomy performed through an open or thoracoscopic approach. Data collected included signalment, history and physical examination, surgical approach, histopathology, treatment, and outcome.ResultsIndications for pericardiectomy included idiopathic chylothorax (n = 7), neoplasia (4), idiopathic pericardial effusion (4), and foreign body granuloma (1). Surgical approaches included thoracoscopy (12), intercostal thoracotomy (3) and median sternotomy (1). Electrosurgical devices were used to complete at least part of the pericardiectomy in 15 of 16 dogs. Ventricular fibrillation appeared to be initiated during electrosurgical use in 8/15 dogs. However, in 5/15 dogs it was not obviously associated with electrosurgical use. In 3/16 dogs the timing of initiation of VF was unclear. In 7/16 dogs, cardiac arrhythmias were noted prior to the development of VF. Fourteen of 16 dogs died from intraoperative VF.ConclusionIn most dogs ventricular fibrillation was a fatal complication of pericardiectomy. Ventricular fibrillation might be associated with the use of electrosurgical devices and cardiac manipulation during pericardiectomy although a causal link could not be established from the data in this study.Clinical significanceSurgeons must be aware of the risk of VF during pericardial surgery. Electrosurgery might need to be used judiciously during pericardiectomy, particularly in dogs exhibiting cardiac arrythmias.
The Physical Differences Between Faster and Slower Elite Male and Female Pace Bowlers
Authors: Letter Ryan T. , Dwyer Dan B. , Drinkwater Eric J. , Feros Simon A. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the differences between selected physical attributes and ball release speed in slower and faster male and female elite pace bowlers. Methods: Twelve physical attributes and ball release speed were retrospectively analyzed from 63 male and 31 female elite pace bowlers over the course of 5 seasons. Pace bowlers were categorized as either fast (>122.9 km/h, males and >97.8 km/h, females) or slow (<122.9 km/h, males and <97.8 km/h, females) for each sex. Differences in physical attributes between slower and faster bowling groups were compared using Cohen d effect sizes. Results: Faster pace bowlers displayed differences in isometric midthigh-pull peak force (d = 0.25, males and d = 0.68, females) and relative peak force (d = 0.62, males and d = 0.77, females). Faster male pace bowlers displayed differences in relative (d = 0.61) and absolute (d = 0.39) countermovement jump heights. Faster female pace bowlers displayed differences in 1-repetition-maximum bench-pull strength (d = 0.45) and run-of-3 performance (relative average, d = 1.22; relative best, d = 1.12; average, d = 0.49; and best, d = 0.40). Conclusions: Anaerobic dominant physical attributes appear to be important in both male and female pace bowlers. The contribution of these physical attributes to ball release speed appears to differ slightly between males and females. Lower-body strength (males and females), lower-body power (males), relative anaerobic capacities (females), and upper-body strength (females) appear to distinguish between slower and faster elite pace bowlers.
Physiological Profiling and Energy System Contributions During Simulated Epée Matches in Elite Fencers
Authors: Yang Woo-Hwi , Park Jeong-Hyun , Shin Yun-Cheol , Kim Jun 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate physiological responses and energetic contributions during simulated epée matches in elite fencers.Methods:Ten elite male fencers participated in simulated epée (direct elimination) matches. Simulated epée matches included 3 bouts of 3 minutes each with 1-minute rests between bouts. During these sessions, physiological variables such as mean and peak heart rate, peak and mean oxygen uptake (VO2peak and VO2mean), metabolic equivalents of task in VO2peak and VO2mean, and blood lactate concentrations (peak lactate concentration and delta blood lactate concentration) were measured. Furthermore, energetic contributions (oxidative [WOxi], glycolytic, and phosphagen) and time–motion variables were estimated.Results:Values of peak heart rate, mean heart rate, and WOxi(in percentages) were significantly higher in the second and third bouts compared with the first. VO2peak and metabolic equivalents of task in VO2peak were significantly higher in the first bout compared with the third bout. Values of delta blood lactate concentration and glycolytic contribution (in kilojoules and percentages) were significantly lower in the second and third bouts compared with the first. VO2mean and metabolic equivalents of task in VO2mean were significantly higher in the second bout compared with the third bout. Furthermore, WOxi(in kilojoules and percentage) was significantly higher in all bouts compared with phosphagen and glycolytic contributions. Low positive and negative correlations were seen between WOxi, VO2mean, sum of attacks and defense times, and the sum of time without attacks and defenses.Conclusions:Direct-elimination epée matches consist of high-intensity intermittent exercise, and the oxidative contribution is 80% to 90%. Improving aerobic conditioning may support high-intensity intermittent actions during entire epée matches in elite fencers.
Middle-lower crustal flow in response to the India-Eurasia collision: Structural evidence from the southern Chong Shan belt within the Sundaland block, southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Junlai , Qi Yinchuan , Bao Xiaoxi , Ling Chengyang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this contribution, we present new structural, microstructural, fabrics, and geochronological data from the southern Chong Shan complex, one of the metamorphic complexes in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau that were sheared and exhumed during the India-Eurasia convergence. The NW-SE–striking complex is comprised of a central high-grade metamorphic zone (Unit I) flanked by two low-grade metamorphic zones (units II and III) on the northeastern and southwestern sides, respectively. High-grade metamorphic rocks (e.g., amphibolites, sillimanite-mica schists) of up to amphibolite facies, of the Proterozoic Chong Shan group and granitic intrusions of Permo-Triassic to Cenozoic in age in Unit I are characterized by high-temperature deformation. Units II (i.e., the Wuliangshan group) and III (i.e., the Lancang group) on both sides of the high-grade Unit I consist of metamorphic rocks of low greenschist facies (e.g., phyllites) with low-temperature deformation. The high- and low-grade units possess consistent kinematics, i.e., northwestward motion of the core rocks relative to the two limbs, and they are separated by large scale shear discontinuities. Thereby, the high- and low-grade units are kinematically linked but mechanically decoupled. Zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb dating of syn-shearing granitic dikes reveals that ductile shearing occurred from 29 to 19 Ma.
Structural analysis reveals that these units constitute an A-type dome that has long axis parallel to the stretching lineations and fold axes of outcrop-scale A-type folds. It is shown that three stages of deformation contributed to the formation of the southern Chong Shan dome, during which subhorizontal shearing were in connection with regional doming. The events occurred as the consequence of middle to lower crustal flow that led to lateral flow and vertical exhumation of crustal masses. Therefore, the lateral crustal flow was not only limited along the boundary high strain zones of the Sundaland block, but distributed within the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We would argue that the tectonic extrusion of the Sundaland block occurred through ductile crustal flow of a viscous middle and lower crust in the plate interior combined with concurring channel flow along the block margins.
Shallow distributed faulting in the Imperial Valley, California, USA
Authors: Sahakian Valerie J. , Derosier Boe J. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Stock Joann M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the tectonically complex Imperial Valley, California (USA), the Imperial fault (IF) is often considered to be the primary fault at the U.S.-Mexico border; however, its strain partitioning and interactions with other faults are not well understood. Despite inferred evidence of other major faults (e.g., seismicity), it is difficult to obtain a holistic view of this system due to anthropogenic surface modifications. To better define the structural configuration of the plate-boundary strain in this region, we collected high-resolution shallow seismic imaging data in the All American Canal, crossing the Imperial, Dixieland, and Michoacán faults. These data image shallow (&lt;25 m) structures on and near the mapped trace of the Imperial fault, as well as the Michoacán fault and adjacent stepover. Integration of our data with nearby terrestrial cores provides age constraints on Imperial fault deformation. These data suggest that the Michoacán fault, unmapped in the United States, is active and likely produces dynamic or off-fault deformation within its stepover to the Dixieland fault. Together, these data support more strain partitioning than previously documented in this region.
Significance of U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology for mudstone provenance
Authors: Sylvester Paul J. , Souders A. Kate , Liu Rui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDetrital zircon U-Pb studies of mudstone provenance are rare but may preferentially fingerprint distal zircon sources. To examine this issue, Pierre Shale and Trinidad Sandstone deposited in a Late Cretaceous deltaic environment in the Raton Basin, Colorado (USA), were measured for detrital zircon U-Pb age by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Two major detrital zircon age peaks at ca. 70 and 1690 Ma are found in both Pierre Shale and Trinidad Sandstone but in inversely varying proportions: 68% and 16%, respectively, for the finest zircon fraction (~15–35 μm) in the shale, and 25% and 32%, respectively, for the coarsest zircon fraction (~60–80 μm) in the sandstone. Proximal sources in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, directly west of the Raton Basin, contain coarse-grained, ca. 1690 Ma zircon, whereas distal sources in Laramide uplifts and basins in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona contain fine-grained, ca. 70 Ma zircon. The results indicate that U-Pb zircon provenance of mudstone reflects availability of volcanic and other fine-grained source rocks rather than simply distal sources. U-Pb zircon provenance studies should routinely include mudstone units because these units may identify fine-grained zircon sources more reliably than sandstones alone.
Cumulate granites: A perspective from new apatite MgO partition coefficients
Authors: Zhan Qiong-Yao , Zhu Di-Cheng , Weinberg Roberto F. , Wang Qing , Xie Jin-Cheng , Zhang Liang-Liang , Zhao Zhi-Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Apatite is a powerful research tool because it is common in various rocks and incorporates many chemical elements. Understanding how elements partition between apatite and melt and the controls on the partition are critical for applications of apatite. It has been recently proposed that MgO content in magmatic apatite is proportional to that of the melt, highlighting the potential importance of this oxide as a critical parameter. A comprehensive compilation of experimental data in this study shows that the relationship between apatite MgO and melt MgO defines two distinct equilibrium trends, indicating that melt composition or, more specifically, melt polymerization strongly controls the partition of MgO. These findings have great implications for using apatite in the study of magma petrogenesis and sediment provenance. We show that when apatite MgO is plotted against host-rock MgO, volcanic and plutonic systems have different behaviors. The volcanic data plot around the experimental apatite-melt equilibrium trends, while apatites in most plutonic rocks have lower MgO than expected if they were in equilibrium with the host bulk rock. For granites with high apatite saturation temperatures, this indicates that apatites crystallized from low-MgO parent melts but later became part of a cumulate with higher MgO than the parental melt, possibly due to extraction of evolved interstitial melt. The contrast between apatite MgO in volcanic and plutonic rocks therefore can provide a new perspective on the debate about volcanic-plutonic connection.
Millennial pulses of ore formation and an extra-high Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Yang , Allen Mark B. , Li Xian-Hua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Quantifying the rhythms and rates of magmatic-hydrothermal systems is critical for a better understanding of their controls on ore formation and the dynamics of magmatic reservoirs that feed them. We reconstructed the evolution of ore-forming fluids using hydrothermal quartz from the 17.4 Ma Zhibula skarn, Tibet. Ion probe analysis reveals sharp and dramatic changes in quartz δ18O values between 5‰ and −9.3‰, with fluid δ18O values varying between 2.8‰ and −18.2‰, which are best explained by transient meteoric water incursion into a hydrothermal system dominated by magmatic fluids. Two pulses of magmatic fluids and a meteoric water incursion event are inferred, which operated at the millennium scale (760−1510 yr) as constrained by the aluminum diffusion chronometer. Our results indicate that magmatic reservoirs are likely water unsaturated for most of their lifetime (&gt;105−106 yr), with transient and episodic fluid exsolutions (~103 yr) being driven by magma replenishment or crystallization-induced water saturation. With focused and efficient metal deposition, multiple pulses of metalliferous fluids favor the formation of giant deposits with high grade. Meteoric water δ18O values (−25.4 ± 2.3‰) derived from Zhibula quartz further suggest a paleo-elevation of 5.9 ± 0.3 km; this transient early Miocene surface uplift plausibly was due to break-off of the oceanic slab attached to the Indian Plate. Our research highlights that ubiquitous hydrothermal quartz in orogenic belts can probe the dynamics of magmatic-hydrothermal systems and also quantify paleo-elevations, which has significant tectonic implications.
Incidence of acute respiratory illnesses in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’
Authors: Derman Wayne , Badenhorst Marelise , Eken Maaike Maria , Ezeiza-Gomez Josu , Fitzpatrick Jane , Gleeson Maree , Kunorozva Lovemore , Mjosund Katja , Mountjoy Margo , Sewry Nicola , Schwellnus Martin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of acute respiratory illness (ARill) in athletes and by method of diagnosis, anatomical classification, ages, levels of performance and seasons.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesElectronic databases: PubMed-Medline, EbscoHost and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaOriginal research articles published between January 1990 and July 2020 in English reporting the incidence of ARill in athletes, at any level of performance (elite/non-elite), aged 15–65 years.ResultsAcross all 124 studies (n=1 28 360 athletes), the incidence of ARill, estimated by dividing the number of cases by the total number of athlete days, was 4.7 (95% CI 3.9 to 5.7) per 1000 athlete days. In studies reporting acute respiratory infections (ARinf; suspected and confirmed) the incidence was 4.9 (95% CI 4.0 to 6.0), which was similar in studies reporting undiagnosed ARill (3.7; 95% CI 2.1 to 6.7). Incidences of 5.9 (95% CI 4.8 to 7.2) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.8 to 4.5) were found for studies reporting upper ARinf and general ARinf (upper or lower), respectively. The incidence of ARinf was similar across the different methods to diagnose ARinf. A higher incidence of ARinf was found in non-elite (8.7; 95% CI 6.1 to 12.5) vs elite athletes (4.2; 95% CI 3.3 to 5.3).Summary/conclusionsThese findings suggest: (1) the incidence of ARill equates to approximately 4.7 per athlete per year; (2) the incidence of upper ARinf was significantly higher than general (upper/lower) ARinf; (3) elite athletes have a lower incidence of ARinf than non-elite athletes; (4) if pathogen identification is not available, physicians can confidently use validated questionnaires and checklists to screen athletes for suspected ARinf. For future studies, we recommend that a clear diagnosis of ARill is reported.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020160472.
Cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence among women in Kaduna, north-western Nigeria
Authors: Nmadu Awawu Grace , Jafaru Abubakar , Dahiru Tukur , Joshua Istifanus Anekoson , Nwankwo Bilkisu , Mohammed-Durosinlorun Amina 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundDomestic violence is a global issue of public health concern with detrimental effects on women’s physical, mental and social well-being. There is a paucity of community-based studies assessing the knowledge and attitude of women towards domestic violence in Nigeria.ObjectiveTo assess knowledge, attitudes, prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among women in a community in Kaduna, Nigeria.DesignA descriptive cross-sectional study.SettingA selected community in Kaduna South Local Government Area in Kaduna State.ParticipantsIn total, 170 women aged 15–49 years participated in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcomes were knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 28.7+7.9 years. A total of 113 (66.5%) respondents had high level of knowledge about domestic violence with 114 (67.1%) having non-tolerant attitudes towards domestic violence. The lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of domestic violence were 47.1% and 35.3%, respectively. The results of logistic regression identified the educational status of women as a significant predictor of knowledge of domestic violence (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.32; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.68), while marital status (aOR=0.21; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.96), occupation of women (aOR=2.49; 95% CI 1.13 to 5.49), their tolerance of wife beating (aOR=0.33; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.72) and their partners’ consumption habit of alcohol/substance use (aOR=7.91; 95% CI 3.09 to 20.27) were identified as significant predictors of the women’s experience of domestic violence.ConclusionDomestic violence was relatively high among women. Though a majority had high level of knowledge about domestic violence, a significant third had tolerant attitudes towards it. Appropriate health interventions need to be implemented by governmental and relevant stakeholders to target negative attitudes and address associated factors of domestic violence against women.
Comparative study of two birth cohorts: did the explanatory role of behavioural, social and psychological factors in educational inequalities in mortality change over time?
Authors: Klokgieters Silvia , Kok Almar , Rijnhart Judith , Visser Marjolein , Broese van Groenou Marjolein , Verschuren Monique , Picavet Susan , Huisman Martijn 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate the contribution of behavioural, social and psychological factors to inequalities in mortality by educational level between birth cohorts.DesignCohort-sequential design.SettingTwo population-based studies in the Netherlands: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) and the Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS).ParticipantsData from the LASA included 1990 individuals with birth years 1928–1937 (cohort 1) and 1938–1947 (cohort 2) and, for replication, data from the DCS included 2732 individuals with birth years 1929–1941 (cohort 1) and 1939–1951 (cohort 2).MethodsYears of education, 15-year mortality, lifestyle factors, social factors and psychological factors were modelled using multiple-group accelerated failure time models based on structural equation modelling to compare indirect effects between cohorts.ResultsBoth studies showed similar educational inequalities, with higher mortality among those with lower education. The indirect effects of education via smoking (LASA: difference in survival time ratio (TR)=1.0018, 95% CI 1.0000 to 1.0155, DCS: TR=1.0051, 95% CI 1.0000 to 1.0183), physical activity (LASA: TR=1.0056, 95% CI 1.00009 to 1.0132) and alcohol use (LASA: TR=1.0275, 95% CI 1.0033 to 1.0194) on mortality were stronger in cohort 2 than in cohort 1. In contrast to the other effects, alcohol use was the only factor that was associated positively with education and survival time, which effect increased in the most recent cohort. Emotional support, network size and cognitive functioning showed no difference between cohorts.ConclusionsSmoking, physical activity and alcohol use contributed more to educational inequalities in mortality in recent cohorts. Hence, in addition to tackling fundamental social causes of inequality, policies focusing on intermediary mechanisms such as lifestyle need to adapt their targets to those that prove to be most important within a given time frame.
Switch from public to private retail pharmaceutical expenditures: evidence from a time series analysis in Italy
Authors: Lenzi Jacopo , Gianino Maria Michela 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo analyse trajectories of retail pharmaceutical expenditures from 2010 to 2019 in Italy to investigate whether there was a switch from public to private expenditure, how the composition of private and public expenditure changed, and whether there are correlations with supply/demand variables. Answering these questions is important to assure pharmaceutical care to all citizens in a public health system where expenditure containment is the issue of pharmaceutical policies.Design and settingTime-trend analysis was carried out in the Italian National Health System (NHS), between 2010 and 2019. We considered the following: public pharmaceutical expenditure with/without direct distribution of drugs, copayments, household out-of-pocket payments for drugs reimbursable/non-reimbursable by the NHS, and for drugs without prescription requirement. Correlations were tested between expenditure items and relevant statistics (Gini coefficient, resident population demographics, ages and categories of physicians, and current expenditure on health).ResultsThe switch feared between public and private pharmaceutical expenditures was not found: private expenditure increased (average annual per cent change 1.5%; 95% CI 0.3% to 2.6%), but public spending remained stable (–1.0%; 95% CI –3.0% to 1.1%). Single items of expenditure exhibited significant pattern changes over the study period. A switch from public expenditure without direct distribution of drugs (–3.9%) to expenditure with direct distribution was found (+8.4%). Unexpected increases in household out-of-pocket payments for drugs reimbursable by the NHS (+6.1%) and in copayments (+4.9%) were shown. No notable correlations were found.ConclusionsThis study offers insights into Italian experience that can be applied to other contexts and the results provide policy-makers issues to reflect on. The findings suggest that policies of pharmaceutical-expenditure management may have multiple effects and unexpected combined effects over time that should be considered when they are designed, and suggest that health policies must be adopted with a systematic logic and a broad and unified vision.