bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Local Level Institutional Arrangements in Climate Change Adaptation of Rural Dwellers in Northern Ghana
Authors: takal silas uwumborge , ABDUL-WAHAB TAHIRU 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Literature on the contribution of local level institutions to the development of collective response strategies to socio-ecological change is limited. In this article, the role of local-level institutional arrangements in developing and mobilising stocks of adaptive capacity is examined. Using Focus Group Discussion and Interviews, participants drawn from 7 communities in the Saboba district of Ghana were engaged on the local level institutional arrangements, their impacts on climate change adaptation and their effects on the climate change decision making of rural dwellers in the district. Using the qualitative content analysis technique to analyse the data, it was evident that local level institutional arrangements impacted the practise of adaptation strategies both negatively and positively. The positive impacts included serving as a channel for conflict resolution and mediation, source of security, and source of unity, and the negative impacts included the following: corrupt tendencies, loss of income, higher cost of production, decreased output, and high cost of shea nuts. The study also showed that the impacts of these institutional arrangements influenced climate change adaptation decisions making on: acquisition of land and trees; sharing of profits; and purchasing of shea nuts for processing into butter. The study concluded that institutional arrangements at the local level are critical for climate change adaptation, which is a key response mechanism for rural communities threatened by climate change impacts.
The honey bee, Apis mellifera, cannot be used as a surrogate for the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana to evaluate the effects of pesticide exposure in agricultural landscapes in Southern Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Toledo Jovani , Sánchez Daniel , Penilla-Navarro Rosa Patricia , Vandame Remy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Despite the crucial role of highly social bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in crop production, agricultural practices that embrace the use of chemicals for pest control put these important pollinators at risk. Most studies that have evaluated the expression of enzymatic routes involved in xenobiotic removal in these species, including pesticides, have been carried out in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. These results have been used to figure out the response of non-Apis bees to pesticides, but recent works suggest that such response may be species-specific. We tested this possibility by evaluating the glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-, β- and ρ-NPA esterases in foragers both of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana and of A. mellifera. Foragers from colonies of both species located in two sites in an agricultural landscape in Chiapas, Mexico were collected every four months for a year and enzymatic expression was measured. Scaptotrigona mexicana showed a higher enzymatic activity and AChE inhibition than A. mellifera in both sites. Neither site nor time affected statistically the expression of enzymes in each species. Our results suggest that A. mellifera cannot be used as a surrogate for other species, at least for S. mexicana. The higher enzymatic activities in S. mexicana related to A. mellifera can be explained by the presence of organochlorines and organophosphates in the study area, as revealed in previous studies, and the shorter fly range of S. mexicana.
Elite guided multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm based on crossover operation and information enhancement
Authors: Yang Xunian , Hao Xiaochen , Yang Tianqi , Li Yonghang , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Junwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm has been successfully applied to single-objective optimization problems. But in real life, most optimization problems are multi-objective optimization problems(MOPs). In order to enable CS to better solve MOPs, this paper proposes an elite-guided multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm based on cross-operation and information enhancement (CIE-MOCS). This algorithm first enhances its population diversity through crossover operation, then adds elite individuals to guide its update process to speed up the algorithm convergence speed. Finally, the method of information enhancement is adopted in the abandonment process, so that the algorithm is not easy to fall into the local optimum. In order to verify the performance of the algorithm, this paper uses a variety of benchmark functions and performance evaluation indicators to evaluate it, and provides a case to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in practical applications. The experimental results show that CIE-MOCS has good performance compared with the contrasting algorithms.
COMPORTAMIENTO FITOTÉCNICO DE 15 LÍNEAS DE Lathyrus sativus L. EN JAUJA, JUNÍN
Authors: Camarena Felix , Marmolejo Doris , Huaringa Amelia , Gonzales Celso , Mostacero de Bustillos Elvia 
Published: August 2022

Quince líneas de Lathyrus sativus L. introducidas de ICARDA Syria,y un testigo local en las campañas agrícolas 2018 y 2019 en la Estación Experimental El Mantaro, de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú en Jauja, Junín situada a una altitud de 3,300 msnm con el objetivo de evaluar el rendimiento de grano seco y sus componentes morfológicos y fisiológicos de las líneas bajo siembra de primavera verano en condiciones de secano. Las líneas que destacaron en rendimiento de grano superior a 700 kg/ha, con vainas de 4 cm de longitud, más de 100 vainas por planta, mayor de dos granos por vaina y peso de 100 semillas mayor a 20 g, fueron el testigo local T16, seguido de las líneas L3556 y L3030. Mientras que la línea L3556 fue precoz con 63 días a la floración y 180 días a la madurez fisiológica. Las líneas mejoradas de Lathyrus en el ambiente de temperatura media de 13.04 °C, una humedad relativa de 57.2% y una precipitación de 667.2 mm tuvieron un buen comportamiento, precocidad y pueden ser evaluadas en tierras marginales de la zona andina por ser un reservorio genético que incrementará la variabilidad genética de la arveja muela que se cultiva como cultivo subutilizado en la sierra de Ancash para amortiguar el cambio climático.
USO DEL EPISPERMO DE SEMILLA DE LÚCUMA COMO CARBÓN ACTIVADO
Authors: Suárez Ramos Diego , Ubillus Ascarza Karol 
Published: August 2022

La generación de residuos es uno de los principales problemas que enfrenta la agroindustria debido a su inadecuado manejo. Por lo tanto, es vital buscar alternativas de aprovechamiento que generen valor agregado. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la competencia del epispermo de la semilla de lúcuma (ESL) en la elaboración de carbón activado (CA). Se usó como agente activante a dos razones de impregnación (0.2 y 0.4g /g epispermo), a tres temperaturas (600, 700 y 800 °C) y tres tiempos (15, 30 y 45min) de carbonización. Se obtuvieron 18 tratamientos. El colorante azul de metileno (AM) se usó como adsorbato. Se estudió la cinética química, capacidad de adsorción e isotermas de adsorción del sistema AM-CA. Se determinó del área superficial de adsorción mediante la isoterma BET con nitrógeno gaseoso, se caracterizó los grupos funcionales y la morfología del CA mediante espectroscopía infrarroja y microscopía de barrido electrónico, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran una cinética de pseudo segundo orden, mientras que el comportamiento de la adsorción corresponde a una isoterma sigmoidal la cual se ajusta al modelo de isoterma Frumking-Fowler-Guggenheim (FFG). El tratamiento que presentó el mayor porcentaje de adsorción (94.5 %) fue CA0.4_600°C30’, obteniendo un área superficial de 648 m²/g de CA. Se concluye que el ESL es apto para su aprovechamiento como carbón activado.
Improving Quality of Life in Older Adults Living at Home by a Moderate Exercise Training
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Atzori Laura , Aviles Gonzales Cesar Ivan , Minerba Luigi , Pau Massimiliano , Crisafulli Antonio , Cauli Alberto , Ferreli Caterina , Puxeddu Roberto , Orrù Germano , Scano Alessandra , Machado Sergio , Romano Ferdinando , Cossu Giulia , Preti Antonio 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Physical activity is associated with a higher quality of life (QoL) in older adults, but there is no evidence whether its effects on healthy individuals or individuals with a mild disability performing a medium-intensity exercise program can be assessed.

Objective:
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether moderate exercise training can improve QoL, and whether this model is suitable for older adults with mild chronic diseases living in the community.

Methods:
120 participants, randomized 1/1 to either perform a physical exercise protocol or to undergo a social program (control group), were recruited in a 12-week randomized controlled trial registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT03858114). QoL was measured through the Health-Related Quality of Life Survey Short Form - 12 items tool (SF-12).

Results:
The participants involved in the exercise-training program had a moderate QoL improvement, compared to those involved in cultural activities, who experienced no change or even a worsening of their QoL. However, the between-groups differences did not attain the statistically significant threshold, when globally assessed, F[1, 103] = 2.98, p = .087, nor when the analysis was restricted to the physical (F[1, 103] = 2.78, p = .099) or mental components (F[1, 103] = 3.83, p = .053).

Conclusion:
Data from this study are not conclusive, although suggestive of possible efficacy. An effort to collect a larger amount of evidence is advisable. Research published only as protocols, not providing final results, might be useful to demonstrate or reject the hypothesis that physical exercise improves QoL in older adults. On a heuristic level, the sum of results that are not conclusive individually might be decisive if meta-analyzed.
(Randomized Controlled Blind trial NCT03858114).
Online Deceptive Impression Management: Self-admission and Other Estimates of False Facebook-selves
Authors: Möller Tim , Doms Bram , Stel Mariëlle 
Published: August 2022

Background:
People deceive online. There is, however, mixed evidence about whether people present themselves falsely on Facebook. We investigated to what extent people present their true selves on Facebook. As generally, people estimate their own behavior as ‘less evil’ than the behaviors of others, we also assessed people’s estimations of whether other people present their true selves on Facebook.

Methods:
In two studies (n=94, n=189), participants filled in a survey asking them to report how frequently and intensely they falsely present themselves on Facebook and in which ways. They were also asked to estimate this for other Facebook users.

Results:
The results showed that the majority of participants were not always honest on Facebook regarding their personality, unbeneficial information, and emotional state. A minority of participants provided false information in comments. We also obtained the ‘less deceptive than thou’ effect: Participants estimated that others more frequently and intensively engage in deception.

Conclusion:
The current research has led to new findings showing that the majority of the participants engage in deceptive self-presentational behavior and estimate others to be more deceptive than they are.
A Questionnaire-Based Ensemble Learning Model to Predict the Diagnosis of Vertigo: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Yu Fangzhou , Wu Peixia , Deng Haowen , Wu Jingfang , Sun Shan , Yu Huiqian , Yang Jianming , Luo Xianyang , He Jing , Ma Xiulan , Wen Junxiong , Qiu Danhong , Nie Guohui , Liu Rizhao , Hu Guohua , Chen Tao , Zhang Cheng , Li Huawei 
Published: August 2022

Background
Questionnaires have been used in the past 2 decades to predict the diagnosis of vertigo and assist clinical decision-making. A questionnaire-based machine learning model is expected to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of vestibular disorders.

Objective
This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire-based machine learning model that predicts the diagnosis of vertigo.

Methods
In this multicenter prospective study, patients presenting with vertigo entered a consecutive cohort at their first visit to the ENT and vertigo clinics of 7 tertiary referral centers from August 2019 to March 2021, with a follow-up period of 2 months. All participants completed a diagnostic questionnaire after eligibility screening. Patients who received only 1 final diagnosis by their treating specialists for their primary complaint were included in model development and validation. The data of patients enrolled before February 1, 2021 were used for modeling and cross-validation, while patients enrolled afterward entered external validation.

Results
A total of 1693 patients were enrolled, with a response rate of 96.2% (1693/1760). The median age was 51 (IQR 38-61) years, with 991 (58.5%) females; 1041 (61.5%) patients received the final diagnosis during the study period. Among them, 928 (54.8%) patients were included in model development and validation, and 113 (6.7%) patients who enrolled later were used as a test set for external validation. They were classified into 5 diagnostic categories. We compared 9 candidate machine learning methods, and the recalibrated model of light gradient boosting machine achieved the best performance, with an area under the curve of 0.937 (95% CI 0.917-0.962) in cross-validation and 0.954 (95% CI 0.944-0.967) in external validation.

Conclusions
The questionnaire-based light gradient boosting machine was able to predict common vestibular disorders and assist decision-making in ENT and vertigo clinics. Further studies with a larger sample size and the participation of neurologists will help assess the generalization and robustness of this machine learning method.
A Digital Intervention Using Daily Financial Incentives to Increase Medication Adherence in Severe Mental Illness: Single-Arm Longitudinal Pilot Study
Authors: Guinart Daniel , Sobolev Michael , Patil Bhagyashree , Walsh Megan , Kane John M 
Published: August 2022

Background
Medication nonadherence is prevalent in severe mental illness and is associated with multiple negative outcomes. Mobile technology and financial incentives show promise to improve medication adherence; however, studies in mental health, especially with oral medications, are lacking.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of offering financial incentives through a mobile app based on behavioral economics principles to improve medication adherence in severe mental illness.

Methods
A 10-week, single-arm longitudinal pilot study was conducted. Patients earned rewards in the context of app-based adherence incentives. The reward was split into biweekly payments made in increments of US $15, minus any US $2 per day penalties for missed check-ins. Time-varying effect modeling was used to summarize the patients’ response during the study.

Results
A total of 25 patients were enrolled in this pilot study, of which 72% (n=18) were female, and 48% (n=12) were of a White racial background. Median age was 24 (Q1-Q3: 20.5-30) years. Participants were more frequently diagnosed with schizophrenia and related disorders (n=9, 36%), followed by major depressive disorder (n=8, 32%). App engagement and medication adherence in the first 2 weeks were higher than in the last 8 weeks of the study. At study endpoint, app engagement remained high (n=24, Z=–3.17; P<.001), but medication adherence was not different from baseline (n=24, Z=–0.59; P=.28).

Conclusions
Financial incentives were effectively delivered using an app and led to high engagement throughout the study and a significantly increased medication adherence for 2 weeks. Leveraging behavioral economics and mobile health technology can increase medication adherence in the short term.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04191876; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04191876
Motor Resonance During Action Observation and Its Relevance to Virtual Clinical Consultations: Observational Study Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Basavaraju Rakshathi , Ramesh Abhishek , Kesavan Muralidharan , Thirthalli Jagadisha 
Published: August 2022

Background
Virtual clinical interactions have increased tremendously since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While they certainly have their advantages, there also exist potential limitations, for example, in establishing a therapeutic alliance, discussing complex clinical scenarios, etc. This may be due to possible disruptions in the accurate activation of the human mirror neuron system (MNS), a posited physiological template for effective social communication.

Objective
This study aimed to compare motor resonance, a putative marker of MNS activity, estimated using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicited while viewing virtual (video-based) and actual or real (enacted by a person) actions in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that motor resonance will be greater during real compared to virtual action observation.

Methods
We compared motor resonance or motor-evoked potential (MEP) facilitation during the observation of virtual (presented via videos) and real (enacted in person) actions, relative to static image observation in healthy individuals using TMS. The MEP recordings were obtained by 2 single-pulse (neuronal membrane excitability–driven) TMS paradigms of different intensities and 2 paired-pulse (cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid-interneuron–driven) TMS paradigms.

Results
This study comprised 64 participants. Using the repeated measures ANOVA, we observed a significant time effect for MEP facilitation from static to virtual and real observation states when recorded using 3 of the 4 TMS paradigms. Post hoc pairwise comparisons with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction revealed significant MEP facilitation in both virtual and real observation states relative to static image observation; however, we also observed a significant time effect between the 2 action observation states (real > virtual) with 2 of the 4 TMS paradigms.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that visual cues expressed via both virtual (video) or real (in person) modes elicit physiological responses within the putative MNS, but this effect is more pronounced for actions presented in person. This has relevance to the appropriate implementation of digital health solutions, especially those pertaining to mental health.
Natural gas as a potential source for energetic sustainable development in the Dominican Republic: A review
Authors: Liz Liriano Harold , Sanchez Genao Zahira , González Chacin Clarissa , Boluda Carlos José , Jauregui-Haza Ulises , Rodríguez Rodríguez Yaset 
Published: August 2022

The Dominican Republic energy matrix is mostly dependent on international markets, with void natural production of oil, natural gas, and mineral coal. This fact could completely be transformed if new studies’ outcomes confirm commercial quantities existence of them. The average estimated useful life for fossil fuel power plants is approximately five decades. Currently, half of the installed plants are reaching their end and no structured plans exist to replace their production capacity in the long term. Now is the perfect moment for the nation to shift its energy production towards more sustainable sources. As a result of the investments that include the Oriental Gas Pipeline and the existing central conversion to this fuel, natural gas achieved growth in 2020. At the same time, the sector continues to make investments that are reflected in an outstanding improvement in the production of electricity from renewable sources. Along with natural gas, renewable sources make up 56% of the generator matrix and predicted a domain of 61% for the past year 2021, contributing to a more economical solution that also promotes the reduction of the carbon footprint within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals, emphasizing the seventh and thirteenth goals that stand for affordable and clean energy, and climate action, respectively.
Direct and Indirect Methods for Studying Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Medvedev O. S. , Poluektova E. A. , Kudryavtseva A. V. , Bakhtogarimov I. R. , Karchevskaya A. E. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To review the main methods of intestinal microbiota studying.Key points. Currently, molecular genetic methods are used mainly for basic research and do not have a unified protocol for data analysis, which makes it difficult to implement them in clinical practice. Measurement of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations in plasma provides the data, which can serve as an indirect biomarker of the colonic microbiota composition. However, currently available evidence is insufficient to relate the obtained values (SCFA levels and ratio) to a particular disease with a high degree of certainty. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels in the blood plasma and urine can also reflect the presence of specific bacterial clusters containing genes Cut, CntA/CntB and YeaW/YeaX. Therefore, further studies are required to reveal possible correlations between certain disorders and such parameters as the composition of gut microbiota, dietary patterns and TMAO concentration. Gas biomarkers, i.e. hydrogen, methane and hydrogen sulphide, have been studied in more detail and are better understood as compared to other biomarkers of the gut microbiome composition and functionality. The main advantage of gas biomarkers is that they can be measured multiple times using non-invasive techniques. These measurements provide information on the relative proportion of hydrogenic (i.e. hydrogen producing) and hydrogenotrophic (i.e. methanogenic and sulfate-reducing) microorganisms. In its turn, this opens up the possibility of developing new approaches to correction of individual microbiota components.Conclusions. Integration of the data obtained by gut microbiota studies at the genome, transcriptome and metabolome levels would allow a comprehensive analysis of microbial community function and its interaction with the human organism. This approach may increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases as well open up new opportunities for prevention and treatment.
Determination of Probiotics Prescription Indications in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Materials of the Expert Council and Literature Review)
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Maev I. V. , Alekseeva O. P. , Alekseenko S. A. , Korochanskaya N. V. , Poluektova E. A. , Simanenkov V. I. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Khlynov I. B. , Tsukanov V. V. , Shifrin O. S. , Lapina T. L. , Maslennikov R. V. , Ulyanin A. I. 
Published: August 2022

Aim. To review the main indications for probiotics prescription in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and to present the materials of an Expert Council, which was held on 18 March 2022 in Moscow.Key points. Gut microbiota disturbance is an integral part of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathogenesis. Changes of colonic microbiota composition are associated with its functional potential modification, which leads to an increasing of the pro-inflammatory immune response, as well as to an exacerbation of the disease symptoms and quality of life decreasing in patients with IBS. The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is an independent risk factor for both exacerbation and onset of IBS, which predispose to increase IBS incidence. Correction of gut microbiota composition with probiotics seems to be a promising therapeutic target for IBS treatment optimizing. The optimal probiotic should be effective, safe, strain-specific, and its dose and duration of administration should be confirmed by the results of clinical studies. Some of the probiotics with proven efficacy in IBS are Alflorex® and Enterol®.Conclusion. Prescription of certain probiotics in IBS is advisable to normalize the frequency and consistency of stools, relieve abdominal pain and bloating, as well as improve patients’ quality of life.