bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[(CH3)Al(CH2)]12: Methylaluminomethylene (MAM‐12)
Authors: Spiridopoulos Georgios , Kramer Markus , Kracht Felix , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe molecular structure of enigmatic “poly(aluminium‐methyl‐methylene)” (first reported in 1968) has been unraveled in a transmetalation reaction with gallium methylene [Ga8(CH2)12] and AlMe3. The existence of cage‐like methylaluminomethylene moieties was initially suggested by the reaction of rare‐earth‐metallocene complex [Cp*2Lu{(μ‐Me)2AlMe2}] with excess AlMe3 affording the deca‐aluminium cluster [Cp*4Lu2(μ3‐CH2)12Al10(CH3)8] in low yield (Cp*=C5Me5). Treatment of [Ga8(CH2)12] with excess AlMe3 reproducibly gave the crystalline dodeca‐aluminium complex [(CH3)12Al12(μ3‐CH2)12] (MAM‐12). Revisiting a previous approach to “poly(aluminium‐methyl‐methylene” by using a (C5H5)2TiCl2/AlMe3 (1 : 100) mixture led to amorphous solids displaying solubility behavior and spectroscopic features similar to those of crystalline MAM‐12. The gallium methylene‐derived MAM‐12 was used as an efficient methylene transfer reagent for ketones.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Circular Dichroism of Bichromophoric Difluoroboron‐β‐diketonates: Inversion and Enhanced Chirality Based on Spatial Arrangements and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Panis Joy Ann , Louis Marine , Brosseau Arnaud , Katao Shouhei , de los Reyes Florencio , Nakashima Takuya , Métivier Rémi , Allain Clémence , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe synthesized two bichromophoric difluoroboron‐β‐diketonates (DFB) connected in para and meta positions by using cyclohexane diamine as a chiral bridge (para and meta (R/S)‐CyDFB). TD‐DFT calculations revealed that the variation in connectivity of the DFB units leads to different spatial arrangements and a chirality inversion of the bichromophoric DFB. Higher gabs values were obtained in (R/S)‐CyDFB connected in para as compared to meta position. Aggregation of para (R/S)‐CyDFB in mixture of solvents increase the glum values as compared to its monomeric form. Ultrasonication and heating induced the formation of highly ordered nano‐helical wires of para (R/S)‐CyDFB that increased the glum values to 0.015. On the other hand, meta (R/S)‐CyDFB failed to form highly ordered self‐assembled wires due to hindered H‐binding sites. These observations indicate that the chiroptical properties of DFB bi‐chromophore system can be modulated with self‐assembly and spatial arrangement of the chromophores.
Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐Pyrroles from Ketones, Aldehydes, and Nitro Alkanes via Hydrogenative Cyclization
Authors: Klausfelder Barbara , Blach Patricia , de Jonge Niels , Kempe Rhett 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSyntheses of N‐heterocyclic compounds that permit a flexible introduction of various substitution patterns by using inexpensive and diversely available starting materials are highly desirable. Easy to handle and reusable catalysts based on earth‐abundant metals are especially attractive for these syntheses. We report here on the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrroles via the hydrogenation and cyclization of nitro ketones. The latter are easily accessible from three components: a ketone, an aldehyde and a nitroalkane. Our reaction has a broad scope and 23 of the 33 products synthesized are compounds which have not yet been reported. The key to the general hydrogenation/cyclization reaction is a highly active, selective and reusable nickel catalyst, which was identified from a library of 24 earth‐abundant metal catalysts.
Carbon and Silane‐based Coatings for Improved Bonding in Hybrid Metal‐Composite Applications
Authors: Zoesmar Nira , Birkle Lena , Fuchs Daryl , Warnck Moritz , Wendel Michael , Kuhn Marcus , Taha Iman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInterfacial bonding in multi‐material structures is crucial for component performance. The influence of organosilane and Diamond‐Like Carbon coatings were investigated for improved bond strength of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg, CuCr1Zr and Ti6Al4V with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite. Treated surfaces were evaluated by surface energy, contact angle, film adhesion and thickness measurements, SEM‐EDX analysis and double‐lap‐shear tests. Coating improved the bond strength by around 20 % in case of AlSi10Mg and CuCr1Zr, whereas treatment did not show any significant effect for Ti6Al4V.
Enhanced biodiesel production with improved oxidation stability by water addition to supercritical methanolysis
Authors: Umar Yusuf , Aboelazayem Omar , Gadalla Mamdouh A. , Saha Basudeb 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiodiesel has been established as a potential alternative fuel for petroleum diesel. However, one of the main uncertainties about biodiesel is its susceptibility to oxidation. In the present study, biodiesel has been synthesized from high‐acid value waste cooking oil (WCO) using supercritical methanolysis. The influence of supercritical reaction conditions on enhancing biodiesel's oxidation stability and yield has been extensively studied. Five independent reaction variables have been investigated, including methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio (3–40), temperature (235–275°C), pressure (65–145 bar), time (5–30 min), and water content (0–8 vol.%). The oxidation stability has been analyzed via PetroOxy commercial devices based on the ASTM D7545‐14 methods and compared to EN14214 standards. Response surface methodology (RSM) via central composite design (CCD) has been employed to evaluate the influence of the process variables and to develop empirical models representing the reaction. Interestingly, it has been observed that water content in the feedstock would be an advantage to increase both the yield and the oxidation stability of biodiesel. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to investigate the adequacy of the predicted model at a 95% confidence level. The developed optimum conditions have achieved a yield of 99.8% and 26.21 min (oxidation stability) at 10:1 M:O molar ratio at 245°C, 125 bar, and 6 vol.% water content within 16.7 min reaction time. The predicted optimal conditions have been validated experimentally with 0.8%–0.9% relative error for both responses.
Nondiagnostic salivary gland FNAs are associated with decreased risk of malignancy compared with “all‐comer” patients: Analysis of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology with a focus on Milan I: Nondiagnostic
Authors: Lui Shu K. , Tenney Troy , Mullane Patrick C. , Viswanathan Kartik , Lubin Daniel J. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) reports a 25% rate of malignancy (ROM) for the Milan I: Nondiagnostic (ND) category. We clarify the ROM of ND salivary gland fine‐needle aspirations (SGFNAs) based on our institutional experience and review of the literature.MethodsOverall risk of malignancy (OROM) and that for those with surgical/flow cytometric follow‐up (FROM) for each category and “all‐comers” were calculated for Emory SGFNAs from January 2010 through March 2021. From a literature review of 50 articles using MSRSGC, distribution of diagnoses, rates of follow‐up, FROM, and OROM by category were calculated. FROMs and OROMs between ND FNAs and all‐comers were compared. Milan I rate was compared with the ratio of Milan I OROM to all‐comer OROM.ResultsOf 819 SGFNAs at Emory, 12.8% (n = 105/819) were ND. Thirty‐two had known follow‐up, with 12 (37.5%) being malignant. Nonmucinous cyst contents accounted for 26.7% of ND SGFNAs (n = 28/105); all 7 with surgical follow‐up were benign. Of 50 MSRSGC studies, 18.2% (n = 2384/13,129) of SGFNAs were classified as ND, 26.6% (n = 635/2384) with known follow‐up. Total FROM and OROM for ND FNAs (15.7% and 4.1%, respectively) were significantly lower than those for all‐comers (24.9% and 11.4%, respectively) (p < .001). There was no relationship between rate of ND SGFNA and ND ROM.ConclusionsThe ND category is associated with a lower ROM than that of all‐comer SGFNA patients. The “true” ROM for ND SGFNAs is likely best estimated by the 4.1% OROM. SGFNAs showing nonmucinous cyst contents have a particularly low ROM. Rate of ND SGFNAs does not influence ND ROM.
Near‐Infrared Circularly Polarised Luminescence from Helically Extended Chiral N,N,O,O‐Boron Chelated Dipyrromethenes
Authors: Algoazy Nawaf , Clarke Rebecca G. , Penfold Thomas J. , Waddell Paul G. , Probert Michael R. , Aerts Roy , Herrebout Wouter , Stachelek Patrycja , Pal Robert , Hall Michael J. , Knight Julian G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSynthetically straightforward π‐extension of helically chiral N,N,O,O‐boron chelated borondipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) has been achieved by incorporation of naphthyl rings into the BODIPY 3‐ and 5‐positions. The effect of this extension on the photophysical and chiroptical properties is strongly dependent on the regiochemistry of the naphthyl substituents (4 exo, 4 lin, 4 endo). The most helicene‐like regioisomer 4 endo is a near infra‐red (NIR) emitter (λemmax=751 nm) with an emission band between 675–875 nm, displaying circularly polarised luminescence (CPL) with a luminescence dissymmetry factor, |glum|=5.7×10−3 and CPL brightness, BCPL=27, rivalling the best NIR CPL‐emitting small organic molecules reported to date.
Carbazolic Conjugated Organic Polymers for Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2Photoreduction with H2O to CO with High Efficiency and Selectivity
Authors: Ye Wenqiang , Wang Yuepeng , Ji Guipeng , Zhang Fengtao , Zhao Yanfei , Liu Zhimin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven CO2photoreduction with H2O to value‐added chemicals in high efficiency and selectivity is significant but challenging. Herein, a series of carbazolic conjugated organic polymers (CB‐COPs) with electron donor–acceptor (D–A) structures were prepared, which showed high efficiency for visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic reduction of CO2with H2O in a solid–gas mode, affording CO as the exclusive carbonaceous product. Especially, CB‐COP‐mpd derived from 3,5‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)pyridine exhibited the highest CO evolution rate up to 191.46 μmol g−1 h−1with a selectivity of 100 %. Mechanism studies showed that carbazolyl is a promising electron donor candidate for constructing CB‐COPs with D–A structures, capable of improving the catalytic efficiency and suppressing H2generation. The acceptor building block with excessive electron withdrawing capability was favorable to H2O adsorption, thus resulting in the generation of H2. This work provides new insights for designing COPs photocatalysts for CO2photocatalytic reduction.
Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion disrupts maternal behavior in rats: An animal model of schizophrenia
Authors: Sánchez‐Olguin Claudia P. , Zamudio Sergio R. , Guzmán‐Velázquez Sonia , Márquez‐Portillo Mariana , Caba‐Flores Mario Daniel , Camacho‐Abrego Israel , Flores Gonzalo , Melo Angel I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough individuals with schizophrenia typically present deficits in social interaction, little is known about the quality of their parent–infant interactions. In the present study, we assessed the behavioral effects of neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion (nVHL) in female rats (nVHL is known to induce schizophrenia‐like deficits in males). Sexually naïve adult nVHL or sham female rats received cognitive and social tests, and their maternal behavior was observed in independent groups of adult nVHL and sham rats on postpartum days 2, 6, and 12. Compared to Sham females, naïve nVHL rats displayed elevated locomotor activity, less social interaction, and disrupted habituation of the acoustic startle response (ASR), while dorsal immobility (a defensive behavioral response) and prepulse inhibition of ASR were not affected. Although all nVHL mothers retrieved their pups, adopted the crouching posture, and nursed them, they showed disturbances in the display of pup body licking and nest building. Furthermore, a high proportion of nVHL mothers displayed atypical retrieval of pups and re‐retrieving of pups, atypical nest‐building, excavation, and cannibalism, as well a high level of these behaviors. These data indicate that cognition, locomotor activity, and maternal care is disrupted in nVHL female, suggesting disturbances in mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic systems and/or in social cognition.
Aquatic eDNA can advance monitoring of a small‐bodied terrestrial salamander and amphibian pathogen
Authors: Kaganer Alyssa W. , Stapleton G. Sean , Bunting Elizabeth M. , Hare Matthew P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSuccessful conservation efforts for threatened species depend on accurate characterization of their distribution, habitat use, and threats. However, surveillance can be challenging for species with small size, cryptic coloring, or elusive behavior. Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring can provide a sensitive and noninvasive alternative to traditional surveillance techniques by detecting trace DNA shed by a target species into their environment. We evaluated the efficacy of eDNA monitoring for the four‐toed salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum), a terrestrial salamander threatened throughout much of its range. Additionally, we integrated eDNA monitoring for ranavirus, a widespread pathogen of ectothermic vertebrates, to efficiently evaluate a potential disease threat to H. scutatum. We designed a novel species‐specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for H. scutatum, multiplexed the assay with a previously developed ranavirus qPCR assay, and validated the multiplexed tests in silico, in vitro, and in situ. We collected aquatic eDNA weekly for 8 weeks from pools with historical reports of H. scutatum (n = 6) and contemporary reports of H. scutatum on associated uplands (n = 4). We identified H. scutatum eDNA at low quantities (< 12 copies/reaction) on multiple sampling days in two pools with historic species presence. Ranavirus eDNA was widespread; nine pools tested positive including the pools where H. scutatum eDNA was detected. Ranavirus eDNA quantities increased, peaked, then decreased (i.e., were not sporadic in time) in several pools but never rose in abundance to levels associated with ranavirosis in other studies. Our results suggest that H. scutatum eDNA is distributed sporadically at low quantities in pools; we recommend that future surveillance efforts prioritize increased frequency and quantity of sample collection per site visit and include repeat surveys of candidate sites. Further work to characterize Ranavirus eDNA movement, temporal trends, relationship to infectious virion, and decay is needed to help advance this tool.
Chemical Tools for the Temporal Control of Water Solution pH and Applications in Dissipative Systems
Authors: Del Giudice Daniele , Frateloreto Federico , Sappino Carla , Di Stefano Stefano 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chemical reagents used to achieve a predictable and programmable time control of the pH of water solutions are reviewed with the purpose to present a toolbox of instruments to be used when a precise pH vs time profile is needed. These tools are particularly useful in view of the growing interest on dissipative systems, many of which operate in water solutions, under the action of reagents (chemical fuels) that allow for programmed pH evolution. After a brief introduction describing the importance of such tools for the operation of dissipative systems in water, five sections follow, which illustrate the different method used so far to temporally control the pH of a water solution. In particular, time‐programmable pH variations based on: 1) bubbling of gases (CO2, N2, Air), 2) hydrolysis of esters, lactones and sultones, 3) enzymatic and biocatalytic networks, 4) decarboxylation reaction of activated carboxylic acids, and 5) pH‐oscillators are described together with selected examples of application.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation in the Manufacture of Noradrenaline
Authors: Scorzelli Francesco , Tassone Giusy , Padula Daniele , Zacchè Matteo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMechanistic, stereochemical and stereoelectronic aspects of the asymmetric reduction (via hydrogen or transfer hydrogenation) for the manufacture of N‐benzyl‐noradrenaline from the ketone precursor are studied through catalyst screening and computational evaluations. This reaction provides an efficient and industrially suitable method for the manufacture of enantiomerically pure noradrenaline, an important neurotransmitter which is widely used as a pharmacological substance due to its sympathomimetic properties.
Structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI) of adjacent buildings with shallow foundations on liquefiable soil
Authors: Kassas Konstantinos , Adamidis Orestis , Anastasopoulos Ioannis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI) on the seismic response of neighboring structures with shallow foundations on liquefiable sand. The problem is studied through coupled hydromechanical analyses. Nonlinear soil response is modeled with PM4Sand, calibrated on the basis of soil element tests of Hostun sand. The numerical methodology has been compared against six centrifuge model tests, showcasing its ability to predict the settlements. Three idealized structures of width B are considered, of different aspect ratio and foundation bearing pressure q, founded on two liquefiable layer depths, DL/B = 1 and 2. Initially, the response of a single building is studied, offering insights on the developing failure mechanisms. While the settlement increases with q in the case of a deep (DL/B = 2) layer, this is not the case for the shallow (DL/B = 1) layer, where the increased soil confinement leads to the development of a stiffer soil column, which offers increased support to the structure. Pairs of identical structures are subsequently analysed, revealing the effect of SSSI on settlement (w) and rotation (ϑ). While its effect on w is beneficial, its effect on ϑ is detrimental, leading to a dramatic increase compared to the single structure. The detrimental effect of SSSI on θ is shown to be a function of the gap (s/B) between the buildings and the depth of the liquefiable layer (DL/B). In the case of the shallow layer, the two structures rotate away from each other. This is not the case of the deeper layer, where they may either rotate away or towards each other, depending on s/B.
Deletion of RE1‐silencing transcription factor in striatal astrocytes exacerbates manganese‐induced neurotoxicity in mice
Authors: Pajarillo Edward , Demayo Mark , Digman Alexis , Nyarko‐Danquah Ivan , Son Deok‐Soo , Aschner Michael , Lee Eunsook 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic manganese (Mn) overexposure causes a neurological disorder, referred to as manganism, exhibiting symptoms similar to parkinsonism. Dysfunction of the repressor element‐1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Mn‐induced neurotoxicity, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully characterized. Although neuronal REST is known to be neuroprotective, the role of astrocytic REST in neuroprotection remains to be established. We investigated if astrocytic REST in the striatal region of the mouse brain where Mn preferentially accumulates plays a role in Mn‐induced neurotoxicity. Striatal astrocytic REST was deleted by infusion of adeno‐associated viral vectors containing sequences of the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter‐driven Cre recombinase into the striatum of RESTflox/flox mice for 3 weeks, followed by Mn exposure (30 mg/kg, daily, intranasally) for another 3 weeks. Striatal astrocytic REST deletion exacerbated Mn‐induced impairment of locomotor activity and cognitive function with further decrease in Mn‐reduced protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT‐1) in the striatum. Astrocytic REST deletion also exacerbated the Mn‐induced proinflammatory mediator COX‐2, as well as cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, in the striatum. Mn‐induced detrimental astrocytic products such as proinflammatory cytokines on neuronal toxicity were attenuated by astrocytic REST overexpression, but exacerbated by REST inhibition in an in vitro model using primary human astrocytes and Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) neuronal culture. These findings indicate that astrocytic REST plays a critical role against Mn‐induced neurotoxicity by modulating astrocytic proinflammatory factors and GLT‐1.
Percentage arterial enhancement on 2D CT in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism: A prospective validation study and potential pitfalls
Authors: Sonawane Sushil , Jadhav Swati S. , Goroshi Manjunath , Krishnappa Brijesh , Sharma Anima , Hira Priya , Garle Mahadev N. , Gosavi Vikrant , Memon Saba , Patil Virendra A. , Lila Anurag R. , Shah Nalini , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundParathyroid lesions are identified by subjective enhancement and washout patterns on computed tomography (CT). We have previously proposed “percentage arterial enhancement” (PAE) as an objective index and now aim to validate its performance prospectively.MethodsDual‐phase CT was performed in 40 consecutive primary hyperparathyroidism patients. PAE was calculated as [{arterial phase Hounsfield unit (HU)‐unenhanced phase HU}/unenhanced phase HU] × 100. PAE > 128.9% was considered parathyroid.ResultsPAE had 94.2% sensitivity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV) in lateralization, and sensitivity and PPV of 93.9% in quadrant localization of single‐gland disease. PAE failed to identify two lesions: an intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma in the background of multinodular goiter and another lower enhancing cystic parathyroid adenoma. PAE had 60% sensitivity, and 100% PPV to identify multigland disease. The mean effective dose was 2.74 mSV.ConclusionsPAE is a specific CT index for parathyroid lesions with less radiation exposure. Areas of caution include intrathyroidal and cystic lesions.
The addition of oral iron improves chemotherapy‐induced anemia in patients receiving erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents
Authors: Tan Jingyong , Du Sitong , Zang Xueyan , Ding Kaiyue , Ginzburg Yelena , Chen Huiyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough many studies have shown that supplementation with iron and erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESA) is frequently used for managing chemotherapy‐induced anemia (CIA), optimal combination therapy using these agents together to ameliorate anemia is not well characterized. To assess the effects of ESA combined with oral or intravenous (IV) iron on relieving CIA, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for articles. Data collected in the articles were meta‐analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software with a random‐effects model. Our comprehensive search yielded 1666 potentially relevant trials. A total of 41 trials randomizing 4200 patients with CIA fulfilled inclusion criteria, including 34 Chinese articles and 7 English articles. Meta‐analysis showed that treatment with both ESA and iron more effectively improved CIA relative to iron supplementation alone, with increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count and hematopoietic response rate. Subgroup analyses revealed iron administration, both oral and IV iron, improved anemia in ESA‐treated cancer patients with CIA. Our analysis demonstrates that iron supplementation combined with ESA more effectively ameliorates CIA relative to iron supplementation alone, without regard to whether IV or oral iron was used. Together, our findings may contribute to the clinical treatment of CIA using iron therapy with or without ESA.
An Iraqi by Birth, an Israeli in Body, a Soul without Borders. Sason Shaik in His Own Words**
Authors: Seeman Jeffrey I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper consists of a compilation of several interview with the eminent theoretical chemist Sason Shaik of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Shaik has published many original research articles, reviews, book chapters, and books that extensively discuss his science. To broaden the knowledge and understanding of Sason Shaik, these interviews and this paper focus almost entirely on him as a human being.