bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems in Flames: Dynamic Coproduction of Social–Ecological Processes
Authors: Cadenasso Mary L , Rademacher Anne M , Pickett Steward T A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEcologists who study human-dominated places have adopted a social–ecological systems framework to recognize the coproduced links between ecological and social processes. However, many social scientists are wary of the way ecologists use the systems concept to represent such links. This wariness is sometimes due to a misunderstanding of the contemporary use of the systems concept in ecology. We aim to overcome this misunderstanding by discussing the contemporary systems concept using refinements from biophysical ecology. These refinements allow the systems concept to be used as a bridge rather than a barrier to social–ecological interaction. We then use recent examples of extraordinary fire to illustrate the usefulness and flexibility of the concept for understanding the dynamism of fire as a social–ecological interaction. The systems idea is a useful interdisciplinary abstraction that can be contextualized to account for societally important problems and dynamics.
Environmental Discourse Exhibits Consistency and Variation across Spatial Scales on Twitter
Authors: Chang Charlotte H , Armsworth Paul R , Masuda Yuta J 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial media platforms, such as Twitter, are an increasingly important source of information and are forums for discourse within and between interest groups. Research highlights how social media communities have amplified movements such as the Arab Spring, #MeToo, and Black Lives Matter. But environmental digital discourse remains underexplored. In the present article, we apply automated text analysis to 200,000 Twitter users in several countries following leading environmental nongovernmental organizations. Some issues such as public action to decarbonize society or species conservation were discussed more intensely than agriculture or marine conservation. Our results illustrate where environmental discourse diverges and converges on Twitter across countries, states, and characteristics, such as political ideology. Using the coterminous United States as a case study, we observed that the prominence of issues varies across states and, in some cases, covaries with political ideology across counties. Our findings show paths forward to characterizing environmental priorities across many issues at unprecedented scale and extent.
Social Work and the ‘Social Doctor’: Bowlby, Social Reproduction and ‘Common Sense’
Authors: Garrett Paul Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article furnishes a critical commentary on the work of John Bowlby. It is argued that social work’s critical engagement with his contributions demands that his ideas are historised. An exploration of his rarely examined early articles reveals a figure preoccupied with the wider social world and not simply the dyadic relationship involving the mother and her child. Viewing himself as a ‘social doctor’, Bowlby was also relentlessly intent on shaping public and professional perceptions within the framework of the ‘Fordist’ economic and social settlement after the Second World War. It is maintained that Bowlby and ‘Bowlbyism’ might be more fully understood if examined through the lens of Marxist feminist social reproduction theory and alongside Gramscian ideas about ‘common sense’.
Comparison of four medium cut-off dialyzers
Authors: Maduell Francisco , Broseta José Jesús , Rodríguez-Espinosa Diana , del Risco Jimena , Rodas Lida María , Arias-Guillén Marta , Vera Manel , Fontseré Néstor , Salgado Maria del Carmen , Rico Nayra 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Recently, several pharmaceutical companies have developed new medium cut-off (MCO) dialyzers for expanded hemodialysis (HDx). This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of four MCO dialyzers, against each other and versus high-flux hemodialysis (HD) and post-dilution hemodiafiltration (HDF).

Methods
A prospective study was carried out on 23 patients who underwent six dialysis sessions: two sessions with the FX80 Cordiax in HD and HDF, and four HDx sessions with the Phylther 17-SD, Vie-18X, Elisio HX19 and Theranova 400 dialyzers. The reduction ratios (RRs) of urea, creatinine, β2-microglobulin, myoglobin, kappa free immunoglobulin light chain (κFLC), prolactin, α1-microglobulin, α1-acid glycoprotein, lambda (λFLC) and albumin were compared. Dialysate albumin loss was also measured.

Results
The differences in efficacy between the evaluated dialyzers were minimal in small molecules and even up to the size of β2-microglobulin. The main differences were found between myoglobin, κFLC, prolactin, α1-microglobulin and λFLC RRs, in which all four MCO dialyzers, with similar efficacy, were clearly superior to HD and slightly inferior to HDF treatment. Albumin losses in the dialysate with HD dialyzers were &lt;1 g and between 1.5 and 2.5 g in HDx and HDF. The global removal score values were similar in all four HDx treatments, and again significantly higher than those with HD.

Conclusions
The results of the four MCO dialyzers evaluated in this study showed good efficiency, with no significant performance differences between them while being completely safe in terms of albumin loss. Likewise, the study confirms the superiority of HDx over high-flux HD with an efficacy close to that of post-dilution HDF.
Association of eosinophilic esophagitis with autoimmune and connective tissue disorders, and the impact on treatment response
Authors: Xue Zeyun , Miller Talya L , Abramson Lior , Thakkar Kisan P , Ketchem Corey J , Reddy Sumana , Greenberg Sydney B , Abichandani Sonia , Chang Nicole C , Eluri Swathi , Reed Craig C , Dellon Evan S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been associated with autoimmune (AI) and connective tissue disorders (CTDs), but clinical correlates and treatment response to topical corticosteroids (tCS) for patients with both conditions are not well known. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical features of AI/CTDs in EoE patients, and assess the response to tCS. In this retrospective cohort study of adults and children newly diagnosed with EoE in the University of North Carolina EoE Clinicopathologic database, we extracted clinical characteristics and treatment response data. We compared EoE patients with and without AI/CTDs, identified independently associated factors, and explored treatment responses. Of 1029 EoE patients, 61 (5.9%) had an AI/CTDs. The most common AI/CTDs were psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (P/PA) (1.7%), Hashimoto’s (1.2%), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (1%). Compared to those without AI/CTDs, AI/CTDs patients were older (35 vs. 28 years, P = 0.004), more likely to be female (51% vs. 30%, P = 0.001), have insurance (93% vs. 78%, P = 0.004) and a longer symptom duration prior to EoE diagnosis (10 vs. 7 years, P = 0.02). Older age, female sex, having insurance, and having allergic rhinitis were independently associated with AI/CTDs. AI/CTD patients with EoE were less likely to have a symptom response (47% vs. 79%, P = 0.003). Overlap between EoE and AI/CTDs was uncommon, seen in approximately 6%, with P/PA, Hashimoto’s, and RA being most frequent. In conclusion, older age, female sex, having insurance, and allergic rhinitis were independently associated with AI/CTDs. EoE patients with AI/CTDs had less symptom response, with trendtowards lower endoscopic and histologic responses, to tCS therapy.
Low Rates of Breakthrough COVID-19 Infection After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Weaver Kimberly N , Zhang Xian , Dai Xiangfeng , Chen Wenli , Watkins Runa , Adler Jeremy , Dubinsky Marla C , Kastl Arthur , Bousvaros Athos , Strople Jennifer A , Cross Raymond K , Higgins Peter D R , Ungaro Ryan C , Bewtra Meenakshi , Bellaguarda Emanuelle , Farraye Francis A , Craig Riley , Hernandez Cristian , Boccieri Margie E , Firestine Ann , Chun Kelly Y , Long Millie D , Kappelman Michael D 
Published: July 2022

Lay SummaryWe demonstrate low rates of breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mild course of illness following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination in a large cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Residence in southern United States and lower median anti-receptor binding antibody level were associated with development of COVID-19.
Comment on “South Africa's experimental fisheries closures and recovery of the endangered African penguin” by Sydeman et al. (2021)
Authors: Butterworth D S , Ross-Gillespie A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
An experiment involving alternating closures to pelagic fishing of the neighbourhoods around two pairs of nearby islands with breeding colonies of African penguins was initiated in South Africa in 2008, with the aim to determine the impact on penguin reproductive success. Based on their analyses of the experiment, Sydeman et al. (2021) assert that the closures reduce competition with fisheries on forage fish, and should be maintained. In contrast, based on analyses conducted in accordance with the recommendations of an international review panel, the South African Government's scientific committee responsible for overseeing and analysing the experiment conclude that when compared to the concerning decline over recent decades of some 5% pa in overall penguin abundance, the effect of maintaining such closures towards arresting that decline would at best be minimal. This Comment summarises the history of the experiment and associated analyses, and then points to a number of shortcomings of Sydeman et al. (2021), most seriously incorrect results from not adequately accounting for the effects of pseudoreplication. It is argued that the present priority is identifying the main factor(s) responsible for the penguin decline, since the experiment has shown that this is not fishing in the neighbourhood of penguin colonies.
Intensive and wide-ranging beach surveys uncover temporal and spatial stranding patterns of marine megafauna
Authors: Prado Jonatas H F , Daudt Nicholas W , Perez Martin S , Castilho Pedro V , Monteiro Danielle S 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe the temporal and spatial patterns of three tetrapod groups (sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans) stranded in southeast Brazil, based on daily beach surveys of over &gt;800 km of coastline between 2015 and 2020. Patterns were analysed by stranding rates (individuals/1000 km of coastline) of groups and species; for the 14 most numerous species, we also fitted generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) using temporal and spatial explanatory variables. We recorded 53850 animals (22738 sea turtles, 28155 birds, and 2957 cetaceans) of 78 species. Higher stranding numbers were observed during winter/spring for all groups, and could be an effect of a higher occurrence/abundance at the region, driven by productive waters, jointly with higher stranding probabilities due to stronger drifting forces. Most modelled species showed temporal and spatial stranding patterns most likely related to their general occurrence/abundance cycles in southeast Brazil, but for Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, Pontoporia blainvillei, and Sotalia guianensis local mortality factors may be influencing stranding numbers. By using intensive, wide ranging beach surveys and including survey effort in the analysis, we provide a comprehensive baseline for stranding numbers in the region, and open a pathway for future hypothesis-testing studies to investigate its drivers.
Exploring Finnic written oral folk poetry through string similarity
Authors: Janicki Maciej , Kallio Kati , Sarv Mari 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSuomen Kansan Vanhat Runot (Old Poems of the Finnish People) is a collection of nearly 90,000 oral folk poems written down between 1564 and the early 20th century. It is characterized by frequent reoccurrence of similar pieces of text on various levels (from entire poems, through passages to single verses and collocations). However, finding these similarities is challenging due to a high degree of orthographical, morphological, and compositional variation. In this article, we propose a method for automatically identifying equivalent verses, i.e. verses conveying the same meaning with the same words, using a clustering based on cosine similarity of character bigram vectors. The method achieves around 81% F-score and has been successfully used for identifying similarities across the entire SKVR corpus on the level of verse, passage, and poem. The results can be browsed through a Web interface.
Dynamics of fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves in plasma slabs with thermal misbalance
Authors: Agapova D V , Belov S A , Molevich N E , Zavershinskii D I 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The non-uniformity of the solar atmosphere along with the presence of non-adiabatic processes such as radiation cooling and unspecified heating can significantly affect the dynamics and properties of magnetoacoustic (MA) waves. To address the co-influence of these factors on the dispersion properties of MA waves, we considered a single magnetic slab composed of thermally active plasma. Using perturbation theory, we obtained a differential equation that determines the dynamics of the two-dimensional perturbations. Applying the assumption of strong magnetic structuring, we derived the dispersion relations for the sausage and kink MA modes. A numerical solution of the dispersion relations for coronal conditions was obtained to investigate the interplay between the non-uniformity and the thermal misbalance. For the heating scenario considered, it was found that the phase speed of both the sausage and the kink slow MA waves is strongly affected by the thermal misbalance in the long-wavelength limit. The obtained characteristic time-scales of the slow-wave dissipation coincide with the periods of waves observed in the corona. The phase speed of the fast waves, however, is not affected by the thermal misbalance. The geometry of the magnetic structure remains the main dispersion mechanism for the fast waves. Our analysis reveals that the dissipation of the fast waves is weaker than the dissipation of the slow waves under coronal conditions. The obtained results are of importance for the use of MA waves as a tool for estimating not only plasma parameters but also non-adiabatic processes.
Bayesian data analysis for sky-averaged 21-cm experiments in the presence of ionospheric effects
Authors: Shen Emma , Anstey Dominic , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Fialkov Anastasia 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe ionosphere introduces chromatic distortions on low frequency radio waves, and thus poses a hurdle for 21-cm cosmology. In this paper, we introduce time-varying chromatic ionospheric effects on simulated antenna temperature data of a global 21-cm data analysis pipeline, and try to detect the injected global signal. We demonstrate that given turbulent ionospheric conditions, more than 5 per cent error in our knowledge of the ionospheric parameters could lead to comparatively low evidence and high root-mean-square error (RMSE), suggesting a false or null detection. When using a constant antenna beam for cases that include data at different times, the significance of the detection lowers as the number of time samples increases. It is also shown that for observations that include data at different times, readjusting beam configurations according to the time-varying ionospheric conditions should greatly improve the significance of a detection, yielding higher evidences and lower RMSE, and that it is a necessary procedure for a successful detection when the ionospheric conditions are not ideal.
Introducing EMP-Pathfinder: modelling the simultaneous formation and evolution of stellar clusters in their host galaxies
Authors: Reina-Campos Marta , Keller Benjamin W , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Gensior Jindra , Trujillo-Gomez Sebastian , Jeffreson Sarah M R , Pfeffer Joel L , Sills Alison 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
The formation and evolution of stellar clusters is intimately linked to that of their host galaxies. To study this connection, we present the emp-Pathfindersuite of cosmological zoom-in Milky Way-mass simulations. These simulations contain a subgrid description for stellar cluster formation and evolution, allowing us to study the simultaneous formation and evolution of stellar clusters alongside their host galaxies across cosmic time. As a key ingredient in these simulations, we include the physics of the multiphase nature of the interstellar medium (ISM), which enables studies of how the presence of a cold, dense ISM affects star cluster formation and evolution. We consider two different star formation prescriptions: a constant star formation efficiency per free-fall time, as well as an environmentally dependent, turbulence-based prescription. We identify two key results drawn from these simulations. First, we find that the tidal shock-driven disruption caused by the graininess of the cold ISM produces old ($\tau \gt 10~\mbox{${\rm Gyr}$}$) stellar cluster populations with properties that are in excellent agreement with the observed populations in the Milky Way and M31. Importantly, the addition of the cold ISM addresses the areas of disagreement found in previous simulations that lacked the cold gas phase. Secondly, we find that the formation of stellar clusters is extremely sensitive to the baryonic physics that govern the properties of the cold, dense gas reservoir in the galaxy. This implies that the demographics of the stellar cluster population represent an important diagnostic tool for constraining baryonic physics models in upcoming galaxy formation simulations that also include a description of the cold ISM.
A new method to correct for host star variability in multiepoch observations of exoplanet transmission spectra
Authors: Panwar Vatsal , Désert Jean-Michel , Todorov Kamen O , Bean Jacob L , Stevenson Kevin B , Huitson C M , Fortney Jonathan J , Bergmann Marcel 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Transmission spectra of exoplanets orbiting active stars suffer from wavelength-dependent effects due to stellar photospheric heterogeneity. WASP-19b, an ultra-hot Jupiter (Teq ∼ 2100 K), is one such strongly irradiated gas-giant orbiting an active solar-type star. We present optical (520–900 nm) transmission spectra of WASP-19b obtained across eight epochs, using the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) on the Gemini-South telescope. We apply our recently developed Gaussian Processes regression based method to model the transit light-curve systematics and extract the transmission spectrum at each epoch. We find that WASP-19b’s transmission spectrum is affected by stellar variability at individual epochs. We report an observed anticorrelation between the relative slopes and offsets of the spectra across all epochs. This anticorrelation is consistent with the predictions from the forward transmission models, which account for the effect of unocculted stellar spots and faculae measured previously for WASP-19. We introduce a new method to correct for this stellar variability effect at each epoch by using the observed correlation between the transmission spectral slopes and offsets. We compare our stellar variability corrected GMOS transmission spectrum with previous contradicting MOS measurements for WASP-19b and attempt to reconcile them. We also measure the amplitude and timescale of broad-band stellar variability of WASP-19 from TESS photometry, which we find to be consistent with the effect observed in GMOS spectroscopy and ground-based broad-band photometric long-term monitoring. Our results ultimately caution against combining multiepoch optical transmission spectra of exoplanets orbiting active stars before correcting each epoch for stellar variability.
PHF20 is crucial for epigenetic control of starvation-induced autophagy through enhancer activation
Authors: Park Se Won , Kim Jaehoon , Oh Sungryong , Lee Jeongyoon , Cha Joowon , Lee Hyun Sik , Kim Keun Il , Park Daechan , Baek Sung Hee 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis under various stress conditions, including conditions of nutrient deprivation. To elevate autophagic flux to a sufficient level under stress conditions, transcriptional activation of autophagy genes occurs to replenish autophagy components. Thus, the transcriptional and epigenetic control of the genes regulating autophagy is essential for cellular homeostasis. Here, we applied integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling to reveal the roles of plant homeodomain finger protein 20 (PHF20), which is an epigenetic reader possessing methyl binding activity, in controlling the expression of autophagy genes. Phf20 deficiency led to impaired autophagic flux and autophagy gene expression under glucose starvation. Interestingly, the genome-wide characterization of chromatin states by Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (ATAC)-sequencing revealed that the PHF20-dependent chromatin remodelling occurs in enhancers that are co-occupied by dimethylated lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me2). Importantly, the recognition of H3K36me2 by PHF20 was found to be highly correlated with increased levels of H3K4me1/2 at the enhancer regions. Collectively, these results indicate that PHF20 regulates autophagy genes through enhancer activation via H3K36me2 recognition as an epigenetic reader. Our findings emphasize the importance of nuclear events in the regulation of autophagy.
Targeted de novo phasing and long-range assembly by template mutagenesis
Authors: Li Siran , Park Sarah , Ye Catherine , Danyko Cassidy , Wroten Matthew , Andrews Peter , Wigler Michael , Levy Dan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Short-read sequencers provide highly accurate reads at very low cost. Unfortunately, short reads are often inadequate for important applications such as assembly in complex regions or phasing across distant heterozygous sites. In this study, we describe novel bench protocols and algorithms to obtain haplotype-phased sequence assemblies with ultra-low error for regions 10 kb and longer using short reads only. We accomplish this by imprinting each template strand from a target region with a dense and unique mutation pattern. The mutation process randomly and independently converts ∼50% of cytosines to uracils. Sequencing libraries are made from both mutated and unmutated templates. Using de Bruijn graphs and paired-end read information, we assemble each mutated template and use the unmutated library to correct the mutated bases. Templates are partitioned into two or more haplotypes, and the final haplotypes are assembled and corrected for residual template mutations and PCR errors. With sufficient template coverage, the final assemblies have per-base error rates below 10–9. We demonstrate this method on a four-member nuclear family, correctly assembling and phasing three genomic intervals, including the highly polymorphic HLA-B gene.