bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic membrane thinning observed by interfacial dyes is likely a common effect of bactericidal antibiotics
Authors: Dubey Ashim Kumar , Verma Taru , Sardana Deepika , Khamari Balaram , Alam Parvez , Bulagonda Eswarappa Pradeep , Sen Sobhan , Nandi Dipankar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe lipid membrane is a fundamental part of life. However, the effects of different stresses on membranal integrity and physiology are less understood. Using novel 4-aminophthalimide-based membrane-specific dyes (4AP-Cn: n is carbon chain-length), aided with confocal microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and flow cytometry, we have studied stress-mediated changes inE. colimembranes. By exploiting the depth-dependent positioning and subsequent environmental sensitivity of the dyes, we have proposed a measure of antibiotic-induced membrane damage: the fluorescence Peak Maxima Difference (PMD) between 4AP-C9 and 4AP-C13. The ROS-influenced PMD quantifies cytoplasmic membrane thickness and measures sensitivity against most bactericidal antibiotics, depending upon the extent of lipid peroxidation. Importantly, we have verified this observation using antibiotic-sensitive and resistant clinical isolates ofE. coliand ESKAPE pathogens likeK. pneumoniaeandEnterobacter spp.This study underscores the role of antibiotic-induced membrane changes; a critical issue given the increasing global antimicrobial resistance.
Differences in the structure of plant polygalacturonases specify enzymes’ dynamics and processivities to fine-tune cell wall pectins
Authors: Safran Josip , Tabi Wafae , Ung Vanessa , Lemaire Adrien , Habrylo Olivier , Bouckaert Julie , Rouffle Maxime , Voxeur Aline , Pongrac Paula , Bassard Solène , Molinié Roland , Fontaine Jean-Xavier , Pilard Serge , Pau-Roblot Corinne , Bonnin Estelle , Larsen Danaé Sonja , Morel-Rouhier Mélanie , Girardet Jean-Michel , Lefebvre Valérie , Sénéchal Fabien , Mercadante Davide , Pelloux Jérôme 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fine-tuning of pectins by polygalacturonases (PGs) plays a key role in modulating plant cell wall chemistry and mechanics, impacting plant development. In plants, the high number of PGs encoded in the genome questions the regulation of pectin depolymerization and the roles of distinct isozymes in the control of development. Here we report the first crystal structures of two PGs from Arabidopsis, PGLR and ADPG2 whose expression overlap in roots. Albeit having overall conserved folds and active sites, PGLR and ADPG2 differed in the structure of their binding grooves and in the amino-acids of the subsites. We determined the structural features that explain the absence of inhibition of the plant PGs by endogenous PG-Inhibiting Proteins (PGIPs). By combining molecular dynamic simulations, analysis of enzymes’ kinetics and hydrolysis products, we showed that subtle differences in PGLR and ADPG2 structures translated into distinct enzyme-substrate dynamics and enzymes’ processivities. Using the plant root as a developmental model, exogenous application of purified enzymes showed that these distinct PGLR/ADPG2 processivities ultimately translated into different impacts on development. The highly processive ADPG2 had major effects on both root cell elongation and cell adhesion. Our study suggests that, in plants, gene redundancy is unlikely to reflect redundant biochemical specificities. Isozymes of distinct specificities and processivities are likely to be of major importance for the fine spatial and temporal regulation of pectin structure.Significance StatementPlant polygalacturonases (PG) are enzymes that play a key role in the regulation of cell wall pectin chemistry by controlling the degree of polymerization of the HG chains. The high number of genes encoding PG in Arabidopsis questions the rationale for such abundance. We solved the crystal structure of two PG (PGLR and ADPG2) whose expression overlap in roots and showed, using combined computational and experimental approaches, that they differ in their enzyme-substrate dynamics, leading to distinct processivities. The highly processive ADPG2 can generate digestion products of shorter degree of polymerization, and upon exogenous application on developing roots, induced drastic developmental defects. Our study suggests that gene redundancy is unlikely to reflect redundant biochemical specificities of isozymes.
Glycolysis revisited: from steady state growth to glucose pulses
Authors: Lao-Martil David , Schmitz Joep P.J. , Teusink Bas , van Riel Natal A.W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractKinetic metabolic models of central metabolism have been proposed to understand how Saccharomyces cerevisiae navigates through nutrient perturbations. Yet, these models lacked important variables that constrain metabolism under relevant physiological conditions and thus have limited operational use such as in optimization of industrial fermentations. In this work, we developed a physiologically informed kinetic model of yeast glycolysis connected to central carbon metabolism by including the effect of anabolic reactions precursors, mitochondria and the trehalose cycle. A parameter estimation pipeline was developed, consisting of a divide and conquer approach, supplemented with regularization and global optimization. We show how this first mechanistic description of a growing yeast cell captures experimental dynamics at different growth rates and under a strong glucose perturbation, is robust to parametric uncertainty and explains the contribution of the different pathways in the network. Our work suggests that by combining multiple types of data and computational methods, complex but physiologically representative and robust models can be achieved.
Evaluation of methods to detect shifts in directional selection at the genome scale
Authors: Duchemin Louis , Lanore Vincent , Veber Philippe , Boussau Bastien 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentifying the footprints of selection in coding sequences can inform about the importance and function of individual sites. Analyses of the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous sub-stitutions (dN/dS) have been widely used to pinpoint changes in the intensity of selection, but cannot distinguish them from changes in the direction of selection, i.e., changes in the fitness of specific amino acids at a given position. A few methods that rely on amino acid profiles to detect changes in directional selection have been designed, but their performance have not been well characterized. In this paper, we investigate the performance of 6 of these methods. We evaluate them on simulations along empirical phylogenies in which transition events have been annotated, and compare their ability to detect sites that have undergone changes in the direction or intensity of selection to that of a widely used dN/dS approach, codeml’s branch-site model A. We show that all methods have reduced performance in the presence of biased gene conversion but not CpG hypermutability. The best profile method, Pelican, a new implementation of [Tamuri et al., 2009], performs as well as codeml in a range of conditions except for detecting relaxations of selection, and performs better when tree length increases, or in the presence of persistent positive selection. It is fast, enabling genome-scale searches for site-wise changes in the direction of selection associated with phenotypic changes.
Host Cell Rap1b mediates cAMP-dependent invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Ferri Gabriel , Edreira Martin M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi cAMP-mediated invasion has been long described, however, the detailed mechanism of action of the pathway activated by this cyclic nucleotide still remains unknown. We have recently demonstrated a crucial role for Epac in the cAMP-mediated invasion of the host cell. In this work, we proved that the cAMP/Epac pathway is activated in different cells lines and, by pull-down experiments designed to identify only the active form of Rap1b (Rap1b-GTP) and invasion assays using cells transfected with a constitutively active form of Rap1b (Rap1b-G12V), established the participation of Rap1b as mediator of the pathway. In addition to the activation of this small GTPase, fluorescence microscopy allowed us to demonstrate the relocalization of Rap1b to the entry site of the parasite. Moreover, phospho-mimetic and non-phosphorylable mutants of Rap1b were used to demonstrate a PKA-dependent antagonistic effect on the pathway, by phosphorylation of Rap1b, and potentially of Epac. Finally, Western Blot analysis was used to determine the involvement of the MEK/ERK signalling downstream of cAMP/Epac/Rap1b-mediated invasion.
Vaccinia virus vaccination is expected to elicit highly cross-reactive immunity to the 2022 monkeypox virus
Authors: Ahmed Syed Faraz , Sohail Muhammad Saqib , Quadeer Ahmed Abdul , McKay Matthew R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTStarting May 2022, a novel cluster of monkeypox virus infections was detected in humans. This has spread rapidly to non-endemic countries and sparked global concern. Vaccinia virus vaccines have demonstrated high efficacy against monkeypox viruses in the past and are considered an important outbreak control measure. Viruses observed in the current outbreak carry distinct genetic variation that have the potential to affect vaccine-induced immune recognition. Here, by investigating genetic variation with respect to orthologous immunogenic vaccinia-virus proteins, we report data that anticipates vaccine-induced immune responses to remain highly cross-reactive against the newly observed monkeypox viruses.
Social learning mechanisms shape transmission pathways through replicate local social networks of wild birds
Authors: Beck Kristina B. , Sheldon Ben C. , Firth Josh A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe emergence and spread of novel behaviours via social learning can lead to rapid population-level changes whereby the social connections between individuals shape information flow. However, behaviours can spread via different mechanisms and little is known about how information flow depends on the underlying learning rule individuals employ. Here, comparing four different learning mechanisms, we simulated behavioural spread on replicate empirical social networks of wild great tits and explored the relationship between individual sociality and the order of behavioural acquisition. Our results reveal that, for learning rules dependent on the sum and strength of social connections to informed individuals, social connectivity was related to the order of acquisition, with individuals with increased social connectivity and reduced social clustering adopting new behaviours faster. However, when behavioural adoption depends on the ratio of an individuals’ social connections to informed versus uninformed individuals, social connectivity was not related to the order of acquisition. Finally, we show how specific learning mechanisms may limit behavioural spread within networks. These findings have important implications for understanding whether and how behaviours are likely to spread across social systems, the relationship between individuals’ sociality and behavioural acquisition, and therefore for the costs and benefits of sociality.
Positioning Prem Sikka’s academic activism in the third space
Authors: Samkin Grant 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper applies Bhabha’s concept of the third space to frame an understanding of Prem Sikka’s use of digital media to bridge the academic–activist binary. In doing this, the paper makes two contributions. First, it conceptualises Sikka’s engagement, and second, through the lens of the third space, it analyses it to establish whether, in the era of the neoliberal corporatised university, public intervention has the potential to generate new perspectives and new knowledge.Design/methodology/approachSikka’s articles and blogs for the period 20 February 2002 to 15 April 2020 were analysed using Leximancer, a textual analysis software programme that displays the output visually. A discriminant analysis was used to identify where each year of the study is situated in the overall semantic analysis. Netnography, the examination of archived published texts, was then used to analyse the responses by members of the public, academics, accountants and auditors, tax experts, policy makers and regulators to Sikka’s digital media engagement.FindingsAs a third space practitioner, Sikka has overcome some of the shortcomings associated with academic research to challenge the activities of professional accounting firms, regulatory bodies and multinational corporations. Through extending the boundaries of accounting and accountability, he has facilitated new radical alliances aiming to create a just and equitable society. The paper also finds that by opening up a third space of engagement, academic activists’ work can play an essential part in social transformation and emancipatory change framed in terms of social justice and equity.Originality/valueThis is one of the few papers to provide an in-depth examination of the activities of an accounting activist over twenty years.
Deep learning in hospitality and tourism: a research framework agenda for future research
Authors: Essien Aniekan , Chukwukelu Godwin 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
This study aims to provide a systematic review of the existing literature on the applications of deep learning (DL) in hospitality, tourism and travel as well as an agenda for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
Covering a five-year time span (2017–2021), this study systematically reviews journal articles archived in four academic databases: Emerald Insight, Springer, Wiley Online Library and ScienceDirect. All 159 articles reviewed were characterised using six attributes: publisher, year of publication, country studied, type of value created, application area and future suggestions (and/or limitations).

Findings
Five application areas and six challenge areas are identified, which characterise the application of DL in hospitality, tourism and travel. In addition, it is observed that DL is mainly used to develop novel models that are creating business value by forecasting (or projecting) some parameter(s) and promoting better offerings to tourists.

Research limitations/implications
Although a few prior papers have provided a literature review of artificial intelligence in tourism and hospitality, none have drilled-down to the specific area of DL applications within the context of hospitality, tourism and travel.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first theoretical review of academic research on DL applications in hospitality, tourism and travel. An integrated framework is proposed to expose future research trajectories wherein scholars can contribute significant value. The exploration of the DL literature has significant implications for industry and practice, given that this, as far as the authors know, is the first systematic review of existing literature in this research area.
What role does enterprise social network play? A study on enterprise social network use, knowledge acquisition and innovation performance
Authors: Xiong Jie , Sun Daoyin 
Published: June 2022

PurposeIn order to explore the role of enterprise social network (ESN), this study examines how the different dimensions of ESN use – within teams and across teams – facilitate knowledge acquisition in organizations and how knowledge acquisition, in turn, impacts exploitative and exploratory innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study applied the survey approach to collect a valid sample of 150 Chinese companies that had innovation activities and were using ESN. The partial least squares (PLS) technique was used for data analysis to test the research model and hypotheses.FindingsESN use within teams has a positive impact on knowledge depth and knowledge breadth, and ESN use across teams has a positive impact on knowledge depth. Knowledge depth and knowledge breadth are both beneficial for innovation performance. The two types of ESN use have different impacts on knowledge depth and knowledge breadth; moreover, knowledge depth and knowledge breadth have different impacts on innovation performance. Specifically, the impacts of ESN use within teams and across teams on exploitative innovation performance are mediated by knowledge depth; the impact of ESN use within teams on exploratory innovation performance is mediated by knowledge breadth.Originality/valueThis paper can enhance the understanding of the importance of ESN use and ESN's role in facilitating knowledge acquisition and innovation performance.
Emergence of false realities about the concept of “Silaturrahim”: an academic social construction perspective
Authors: Anwar Ch. Mahmood 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness among tourism and business scholars and professionals to avoid using socially constructed academic artifacts (such as “Silaturrahim”), which do not describe their real meanings but reflect false realities constructed by scholars over a period of time. In the last decade, academic research on identifying false information has played a significant role to raise awareness among electronic and social media users so that they may distinguish between false and true reality. In contrast, studies on misleading devices, such as false information reporting and citations in published academic literature, and their pejorative consequences are rare and scant. This paper, therefore, viewed the underexamined and relatively obscure issues of false information reporting and citations in published business and tourism research by highlighting a wrongly perceived concept “Silaturrahim” from the theoretical lens of social constructionism. It has been established that factors like false information, false information citation chains and falsely attributed meanings of academic artifacts pave the way for myths and urban legends which in turn formulate socially constructed academic artifacts. These artifacts are impulsively entrusted by the academic community but, in reality, their meanings are socially constructed, therefore, represent false realities. This paper calls the experts to invest their time and efforts to further explore the proposed concepts of “academic social construction” and “academic social artifacts.” Lastly, it is suggested to develop strategies to minimize or eradicate the dreadful psychological impacts of “academic social construction” on academic communities.
Comparison of Machine Learning Models Performance on Simulating Reservoir Outflow: A Case Study of Two Reservoirs in Illinois, U.S.A.
Authors: Qie Guangping , Zhang Zhenxing , Getahun Elias , Allen Mamer Emily 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTReservoir outflow is an important variable for understanding hydrological processes and water resource management. Natural streamflow variation, in addition to the streamflow regulation provided by dams and reservoirs, can make streamflow difficult to understand and predict. This makes them a challenge to accurately simulate hydrologic processes at a daily scale. In this study, three Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were examined and compared to model reservoir outflow. Past, current, and future hydrologic and meteorological data were used as model inputs, and the outflow of next day was used as prediction. Simulation results demonstrated that all three models can reasonably simulate reservoir outflow. For Carlyle Lake, the coefficient of determination and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency were each close to one for the three models. The coefficient of determination, relative mean bias, and root mean square error indicated that the SVM performed better than the RF and ANN, but the SVM output displayed a larger relative mean bias than that from RF and ANN. For Lake Shelbyville, the ANN model performed better than RF and SVM when considering the coefficient of determination, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, relative mean bias, and root mean square error. The study results demonstrate that the three ML algorithms (RF, SVM, and ANN) are all promising tools for simulating reservoir outflow. Both the accuracy and efficacy of the three ML algorithms are considered to support practitioners in planning reservoir management.
Multiple primary pulmonary meningioma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Xin , Mou Yun‐Fei , Ren Fu‐Qiang , Wang Yuan , Yang Yi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLung cancer has become a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. With the conventional use of low‐dose spiral computed tomography (CT) in physical examinations, an increasing number of small pulmonary nodules are screened. However, primary pulmonary meningiomas (PPMs) are rarely reported. Here, we report the case of a 64‐year‐old woman who had a CT scan during physical examination, which revealed three ground‐glass‐like opacity pulmonary nodules in both lungs. The patient underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic wedge resection of the right upper and lower lobes. Paraffin sections revealed pulmonary meningothelial‐like and collagenous nodules in the right upper and lower lobes which stained as follows: EMA+, VIM+, SMA‐, S‐100‐, CD34‐, STAT6‐, Ki‐67+ (2%), and CgA‐. Primary pulmonary meningiomas (PPMs) were finally diagnosed. PPM is a kind of rare and benign tumor. Surgery can provide a precise pathological examination, and patients can achieve an excellent prognosis after surgical resection.
Slovakia: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: LÁŠTIC ERIK 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe meteoric rise of Prime Minister Igor Matovič, the leader of the anti‐corruption movement Ordinary People and Independent Personalities/Obyčajní ľudia a nezávislé osobnosti (OĽaNO), which won over a third of parliamentary seats in the 2020 elections, ended abruptly in March 2021. He was forced to resign to save the governing coalition, agreeing to switch positions with Finance Minister Eduard Heger. Matovič, whose improvisational style of politics became intolerable for the coalition partners (and most of the public), fell victim to his decision to purchase the Sputnik Covid‐19 vaccine from Russia, which undermined the European Union's vaccination strategy and raised concerns about Slovakia's foreign policy direction.