bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voting for Eurosceptic Parties and Societal Polarization in the Aftermath of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis
Authors: Rump Maike 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The question of whether people voting for Eurosceptic parties in almost every European country is simply a democratic way of expressing a political opinion, or if it presents a threat to democracy by giving a voice to Eurosceptic parties that challenge the EU in a populist manner, has not lost its currency since the 2008 European sovereign dept crisis. In fact, at the first glance, the situation of anti-Corona protestors in Canada or Germany seems comparable. But contrary to some scholars, I argue that it was the economic crisis that first visualized the interdependency of the EU members to the citizens, and was, therefore, the ideal setting for populists to create an atmosphere of mistrust, with the help of the media in some countries. This Research Note addresses the undertheorized link between populism and crisis, by developing a theoretical model focussing on the aggregate level, which shows that EU-membership duration is a crucial factor in explaining voting for Eurosceptic parties. I use data from the European Social Survey and compare a period from 2002 to 2016, conducting trend analysis and difference-in-difference-estimation. My analysis reveals that Eurosceptic parties are more successful in those countries, where anti-EU protest has already been established before. In addition, I find a delayed crisis effect. This could be important for our understanding of the current Covid-19-crisis, which is a health crisis in first place, but a threat to democratic values and instrumentalized by populists as well.
Subcellular localization of Type VI secretion system assembly in response to cell–cell contact
Authors: Lin Lin , Capozzoli Raffaella , Ferrand Alexia , Plum Miro , Vettiger Andrea , Basler Marek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBacteria require a number of systems, including the type VI secretion system (T6SS), for interbacterial competition and pathogenesis. The T6SS is a large nanomachine that can deliver toxins directly across membranes of proximal target cells. Since major reassembly of T6SS is necessary after each secretion event, accurate timing and localization of T6SS assembly can lower the cost of protein translocation. Although critically important, mechanisms underlying spatiotemporal regulation of T6SS assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we used super‐resolution live‐cell imaging to show that while Acinetobacter and Burkholderia thailandensis can assemble T6SS at any site, a significant subset of T6SS assemblies localizes precisely to the site of contact between neighboring bacteria. We identified a class of diverse, previously uncharacterized, periplasmic proteins required for this dynamic localization of T6SS to cell–cell contact (TslA). This precise localization is also dependent on the outer membrane porin OmpA. Our analysis links transmembrane communication to accurate timing and localization of T6SS assembly as well as uncovers a pathway allowing bacterial cells to respond to cell–cell contact during interbacterial competition.
Malignancy rates in thyroid nodules: a long-term cohort study of 17,592 patients
Authors: Grussendorf M , Ruschenburg I , Brabant G 
Published: May 2022

Objectives
Ultrasound diagnosis of thyroid nodules has greatly increased their detection rate. Their risk for malignancy is estimated between 7 and 15% in data from specialized centers which are used for guidelines recommendations. This high rate causes considerable anxiety to patients upon first diagnosis. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the malignancy rate of sonographically diagnosed nodules larger than 1 cm from a primary/secondary care center when long-term longitudinal follow-up was included.

Patients/methods
In the study, 17,592 patients were diagnosed with a thyroid nodule larger than 1 cm, of whom 7776 were assessed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and 9816 by sonography alone. 9568 patients were initially discharged due to innocent results of FNAC and/or ultrasound. In 1904 patients, definitive histology was obtained, and 6731 cases were included in the long-term follow-up (up to 23 years, median 5 years).

Results
Malignancy was histologically confirmed in 189 patients (1.1% of all) when excluding accidentally diagnosed papillary microcarcinomas. 155 were diagnosed during the first year of management, 25 in years 2–5 of follow-up, 9 in years 6–10 and nil in 1165 patients followed beyond 10 years.

Conclusions
The malignancy rate of thyroid nodules from primary/secondary care was much lower than that previously reported. During follow-up for more than 5 years, their rate rapidly dropped to less than 1/1000 cases. This low malignancy rate may help to reassure patients first confronted with the diagnosis of a thyroid nodule, substantially reduce their anxiety and avoid unwarranted diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
Iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt and its associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ewunie Temesgen Muche , Kabthymer Robel Hussen , Hailu Samrawit , Mareg Moges , Mengie Tesfa , Sisay Daniel , Arage Getachew 
Published: May 2022

Background
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The availability of adequate iodized dietary salt at the household level is immensely important. Hence, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt at the household level and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods
We searched the literature using electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Embase) and gray literature from January 9, 2022, to February 25, 2022. The rapid test kit was used to measure the adequacy of iodine level of dietary salt. The quality of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using I2 test statistics and publication bias was checked using funnel plot and Egger’s statistical test at a 5% significance level. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcome variable and its determinants in Ethiopia.

Results
The search identified 149 studies of which 18 studies were included with a total of 10,556 participants. The pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels of iodized salt in Ethiopia was 44.37% (95% CI: 35.85-52.88). Women who had formal education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.99 (95% CI: 1.47–2.48)), good knowledge of women (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36–3.36), packed iodized salt (AOR = 3.85 (95% CI: 1.88–7.87)) and storage of iodized salt at home for less than 2 months (AOR = 2.66 (95% CI: 2.11–3.35) were the significant factors.

Conclusion
This review suggests that the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels was low. Our finding highlights the need for considering the educational status, knowledge, and duration of salt storage to enhance the prevalence of adequate levels of iodized salt at the national level.
Endometriosis and the effects of dietary interventions: what are we looking for?
Authors: Nap Annemiek , de Roos Nicole 
Published: May 2022

Endometriosis is the most prevalent benign gynaecologic disease with invalidating effects on the quality of life and decreased economic productivity. As pharmacologic and surgical treatment are only partially effective, women look for self-management strategies in order to control their symptoms. Many dietary interventions have been claimed successful. But it is unclear whether these effects are caused by the idea of taking control of the symptoms by adhering to a diet or by the dietary intervention itself. In order to gain more evidence with regard to the mechanisms behind the effect of dietary intervention in the management of endometriosis, a number of issues need to be addressed for future studies. First, we need clearly defined endpoints in our studies. Secondly, we have to be aware of the difference between the effects of diet on the risk of developing endometriosis and the effects of diet on symptoms in women with already established endometriosis. Thirdly, it may be difficult to strictly define the intervention diet and the control or placebo diet. Fourthly, we have to define endometriosis-related as well as patient-related factors that may influence the success of a dietary intervention. Fifthly, we have to understand the biological mechanisms behind the perceived effects of dietary interventions. These issues will be addressed in this opinion paper.

Lay summary
Endometriosis, defined as the presence of endometrium-like tissue located outside the womb, is a gynaecologic disease that affects many women. They experience severe pain, making it difficult for them to go to school or work. Medication or surgery is often not enough to relieve their pain. Therefore, these women look for ways to suppress their pain by changing their way of life. Changing their diet is an option that is often chosen by women with endometriosis. Many women experience that changing their diet helps to suppress pain symptoms. But it is not clear why changing the diet is effective. Processes in the body could be changed by taking or avoiding specific nutrients, but the effect could also be caused by the empowerment that women experience by adhering to a diet. If we want to learn more about the effect of diet on endometriosis, we have to pay attention to the following issues: first, it is important to exactly define the goal of a new study. Secondly, we have to realize that there is a difference between the study of the effect of diet on the risk of developing endometriosis and the effect of diet on endometriosis that has already developed. Thirdly, we have to realize that it can be difficult to define what the diet contains and how a control group should be defined. Fourthly, it is important to define factors that make it difficult to adhere to a diet. Fifthly, we need to try to understand what happens in the body that may cause the effect of a diet in endometriosis. In this opinion paper, these issues will be addressed.
Antipyretic Effectiveness of Oral Acetaminophen Versus Rectal Acetaminophen in Pediatric Patients With Fever
Authors: Tantivit Nessa , Thangjui Sittinun , Trongtorsak Angkawipa 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Acetaminophen, one of the routine medicines used for temperature reduction in febrile children, is available in multiple routes of administration, including oral and rectal routes. Our objective is to compare the antipyretic effectiveness of oral acetaminophen versus rectal acetaminophen in pediatric patients with fever in terms of temperature reduction.

METHODS
Medline and Embase databases were searched from inception to August 2021. Cohort studies, case-control studies, experimental studies, and randomized controlled trial studies comparing oral and rectal administered acetaminophen in pediatric patients were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data.

RESULTS
A total of 5 randomized studies (n = 362) were included in the meta-analysis. No significant difference was found between oral and rectal acetaminophen in temperature reduction at 1 hour (weighted mean difference [WMD], 0.04°C; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.10°C to 0.19°C; P = .501) or 3 hours (WMD, −0.14°C; 95% CI, −0.37°C to 0.10°C; P = .212) after administration (WMD, −0.14°C; 95% CI, −0.37°C to 0.10°C; P = .212).

CONCLUSION
Oral and rectal acetaminophen have no significant difference in antipyretic effectiveness at 1 and 3 hours after administration. If both options are available, oral acetaminophen would be preferred because of a more predictable drug level after administration. However, for febrile children with specific circumstances for whom oral acetaminophen could not be administered, rectal acetaminophen may be an alternative option for a short period of time (&lt;48 hours).
Think-aloud analysis of commonly used screening instruments for Internet use disorders: The CIUS, the IGDT-10, and the BSMAS
Authors: Schmidt Hannah , Brandt Dominique , Bischof Anja , Heidbrink Silja , Bischof Gallus , Borgwardt Stefan , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite the constant publication of new screening instruments for Internet use disorders (IUD), little is known about their content validity. This study aimed to identify potential mismatches between the items' intention and young adults' interpretation of these items when answering three screening instruments that are commonly used in research and clinical settings: The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS), the 10 Item-Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10), and the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS).

Methods
In total, 30 vocational students (50% female, age = 21.3; SD = 2.1) took part in individual think-aloud interviews. All participants were asked to report their thoughts while completing the CIUS. In addition, participants who reported online games (OG) as their main Internet activity (n = 11) answered the IGDT-10. Participants who reported social networks (SN) as their main Internet activity (n = 18) answered the BSMAS. One participant used OG and SN equally and completed both screening instruments. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and content-analysed.

Results
Overall, four potential sources for errors were identified: (1) High scorings were often not congruent with the underlying diagnostic criteria. In particular, such discrepancies were found in items aimed to assess dysfunctional emotional regulation strategies and cognitive involvement. (2) Some participants were uncertain which time frame or Internet activity should be considered in their answers. (3) Long and complex items led to the building of mean values or the choice of the middle answer category. (4) Some wordings were perceived to be outdated and difficult to understand.

Discussion
These findings might help to provide recommendations on how to improve screening instruments for IUD. Most important, items should more clearly distinguish between Internet use as a “normal” leisure activity and Internet use that leads to functional impairments in daily life.
Neural and behavioral correlates of sexual stimuli anticipation point to addiction-like mechanisms in compulsive sexual behavior disorder
Authors: Liberg Benny , Görts-Öberg Katarina , Jokinen Jussi , Savard Josephine , Dhejne Cecilia , Arver Stefan , Fuss Johannes , Ingvar Martin , Abé Christoph 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is characterized by persistent patterns of failure to control sexual impulses resulting in repetitive sexual behavior, pursued despite adverse consequences. Despite previous indications of addiction-like mechanisms and the recent impulse-control disorder classification in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the neurobiological processes underlying CSBD are unknown.

Methods
We designed and applied a behavioral paradigm aimed at disentangling processes related to anticipation and viewing of erotic stimuli. In 22 male CSBD patients (age: M = 38.7, SD = 11.7) and 20 healthy male controls (HC, age: M = 37.6, SD = 8.5), we measured behavioral responses and neural activity during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The main outcomes were response time differences between erotic and non-erotic trials and ventral striatum (VS) activity during anticipation of visual stimuli. We related these outcomes with each other, to CSBD diagnosis, and symptom severity.

Results
We found robust case-control differences on behavioral level, where CSBD patients showed larger response time differences between erotic and non-erotic trials than HC. The task induced reliable main activations within each group. While we did not observe significant group differences in VS activity, VS activity during anticipation correlated with response time differences and self-ratings for anticipation of erotic stimuli.

Discussion and Conclusions
Our results support the validity and applicability of the developed task and suggest that CSBD is associated with altered behavioral correlates of anticipation, which were associated with ventral striatum activity during anticipation of erotic stimuli. This supports the idea that addiction-like mechanisms play a role in CSBD.
Comparative assessment of customized (insignia) and non-customized bracket systems (Damon Q) for clinical effectiveness and efficiency-A clinical study
Authors: Khan Shoaib Ulla , Somaiah Sanju , B Goutham , Muddaiah Sunil 
Published: May 2022

The study's goal was to compare and contrast the effectiveness and efficiency of customized and non-customized orthodontic brackets. 10 patients (Group A) were treated with a Customized section System (Insignia USA) and 10 patients (Group B) were treated with a Non-customized Bracket system (Damon).Gathering this data, the clinical effectiveness and efficiency was measured by estimating Initial Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and Final PAR scores, assessing the complete therapy time, number of scheduled appointments, number of examination visits, number of loose brackets and pain rating during the treatment which was recorded with a numerical rating scale. The Insignia group outperformed the Damon group in terms of clinical efficiency, but there was no difference in PAR score reduction so overall clinical effectiveness of the Insignia and Damon groups was identical. Orthodontists would be able to give high-quality treatment in less time with fewer appointments and less chair time if they use the optimum bracket system.
Quando o rio não VALE mais: o dilema de comunidades às margens do rio Paraopeba após o desastre em Brumadinho
Authors: Melo Tatiane Lúcia , Medeiros Regina De Paula , Teixeira Rodrigo Corrêa 
Published: May 2022

O artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo realizado no primeiro semestre de 2019 em um acampamento originário do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra, instalado às margens do rio Paraopeba, próximo à cidade de Brumadinho, em Minas Gerais. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as consequências do desastre do rompimento da barragem da empresa Vale e seus efeitos, particularmente, na contaminação das águas do rio Paraopeba, que é usado pelos moradores do acampamento. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa, priorizando o relato dos moradores locais, observação direta realizada durante visitas in loco. As informações obtidas e as observações foram registradas em diário de campo e em fotos com o consentimento dos moradores. Os resultados do estudo apontam para os danos irreparáveis à sobrevivência, ao cotidiano e à saúde dos moradores, além do aprofundamento do quadro de marginalização e vulnerabilidades desse público.
Comparative study of advanced computational techniques for estimating the compressive strength of UHPC
Authors: Khan Mehran , Lao Jiancong , Dai Jian-Guo 
Published: May 2022

The effect of raw materials on the compressive strength of concrete is a complex process, especially in the case of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), where a higher number of inter-dependent parameters are involved in the strength development. In this era of digitalization, advanced machine learning methods are used to predict the material's mechanical characteristics because of their superior performance compared to conventional and nonlinear statistical regression models. Thus, the goal of the current study is to estimate the compressive strength of UHPC from the designed raw materials using advanced machine learning techniques. The compressive strength of UHPC is predicted from the 14 input parameters, i.e., cement, fly ash, slag, silica fume, nano-silica, limestone powder, sand, coarse aggregate, quartz powder, water, superplasticizer, PE fiber, steel fiber, and curing time. A total of eight machine learning models were compared that include multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), MLPNN Bootstrap aggregating (MLPNN-BA), MLPNN adaptive boosting (MLPNN-AB), Gradient boosting (GB), Decision tree (DT), DT Bootstrap aggregating (DT-BA), DT adaptive boosting (DT-AB) and Random Forest (RNF). The validation and performance evaluation of the above models were checked by using K-fold cross-validation, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RSME), coefficient of determination (R2), relative root mean square error (RRMSE), performance index (PI), and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The optimal model was selected based on the results of all statistical checks. It was found the ensembled machine learning models especially decision tree-based models outperform the neural network-based models with higher accuracy and low error. Thus, the recommended machine learning model is random forest having superior prediction capacity followed by DT Bootstrap aggregating and DT adaptive boosting.
Genetic comorbidity of hypertension and bronchial asthma
Authors: Bragina E. Yu. , Goncharova I A. , Zhalsanova I. Zh. , Nemerov E. V. , Nazarenko M. S. , Freidin M. B. , Puzyrev V. P. 
Published: May 2022

Objective. To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes potentially involved in the comorbidity of bronchial asthma (BA) and essential hypertension (HTN) in patients with different time onset of the diseases.Design and methods. Genotyping of 92 SNPs was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in patients with BA and HTN (n = 97) and healthy individuals (n = 153). The group of patients with comorbid pathology was divided into two subgroups depending on the time of onset of symptoms of BA relative to HTN, and the prevalence of all studied SNPs was compared in each subgroup relative to the control.Results. The variant rs11590807 regulating expression for UTP25, TRAF3IP3, C1orf74, HSD11B1-AS 1, IRF6 genes in the heart, blood vessels, and lung is associated with BA and HTN, regardless of the time onset of each of these diseases. Associations of other variants are specific with respect for each subgroup of comorbid diseases. The rs1010461 variant, which regulates the expression of RNASE4 and ANG genes, is linked with HTN as the first phenotype of the comorbidity. The rs769214, rs11032700, rs11032699, rs484214, and rs480575 variants, which regulate the expression of CAT gene, are associated with BA as the first phenotype of disease comorbidity.Conclusions. We found specific associations of the studied polymorphic variants in the development of comorbid phenotypes of BA and HTN, which differ in the time of manifestation of each of the diseases relative to each other.
In quest for sustainable quality assurance in higher education: An empirical investigation
Authors: Ahmed Hasnan , Ashraf Mohammad Ali , Islam Kabirul , Hasinat Raquiba 
Published: May 2022

The main intent of the present research is to explore the particular practices of human resource management (HRM) to impact on sustainable assurance in quality higher education. Specifically, how promotion opportunity, performance appraisal, work condition and payment package influence teachers’ job satisfaction which, in consequence, impacts on education quality in the private universities. To attain this objective, this research applies the two factor theory of Herzberg as its theory background. Data (n = 517) were collected from 21 private universities’ faculty following the technique of random sampling. The study analyzed the data utilizing structural equation modeling through the analysis of moment structure. Results demonstrate that all four HRM variables are statistically positively significant to influence faculty job satisfaction. It also indicates that faculty job satisfaction also influence positively quality education. The study also indicates that if proper HRM practices are nurtured in private higher education institutes (HEIs) that will enhance faculty satisfaction which will sustain the development of quality education.
Keywords: HRM practices; Faculty satisfaction; Sustainable quality