bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"It is impossible not only to provide for all the needs of places of detention caused by overcrowding, but also to feed prisoners": interdepartmental financial disputes on the eve of the birth of the Soviet camp system (1928-1929).
Authors: Bakharev Dmitry Vadimovich 
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the financial and economic prerequisites of the hardware confrontation on the strategy and priorities of the development of the Soviet correctional labor system, observed at the turn of the 1920s-1930s. Archival documents of that era are analyzed, indicating that the NKVD of the RSFSR and its subordinate Main Directorate of places of detention in the specified period experienced an acute shortage of funds for the maintenance of constantly an increasing contingent of prisoners. The leadership of the People's Commissariat (V. N. Tolmachev) and GUMZ (E. G. Shirvindt) made significant hardware efforts to eliminate the shortage of monetary resources and, with the support of the SNK of the RSFSR, sometimes even acted bypassing the People's Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR for these purposes. Therefore, including for this reason, it categorically refused to participate in the financing of measures to create new correctional labor camps under the auspices of the OGPU. At the same time, representatives of the NKVD opposed the very idea of expanding the camp system and transferring other categories of prisoners to the OGPU in addition to those convicted of counterrevolutionary crimes. The article also cites other archival documents, which, together with the rest of the sources analyzed in it, cast doubt on the well-established opinion that the head of the NKVD V. N. Tolmachev was one of the initiators of the project of transition to a mass system of camp organization of forced labor of prisoners in the USSR.
Neurenteric cyst of the dorsal craniocervical junction in an adult: A case report and operative video
Authors: Abdulqader Sarah Bin , Elahi Basim Noor , Alshoumer Azhar , Alzhrani Gmaan 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Neurenteric cysts (NCs) are rarely located in the dorsal craniocervical junction (CCJ).

Case Description:
Here, we present a case and show the surgical video of a 24-year-old man with a history of neck pain, progressive hemiparesis, and difficulty swallowing. Radiological images revealed an intradural extramedullary lesion at the dorsal CCJ. Posterior approach with C1–C2 laminectomy for resection of the lesion was performed with significant improvement in symptoms postoperatively. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of NC.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates a rare location of a NC in an adult patient. Complete excision of the cyst wall and its content is the recommended treatment option.
The reverse question mark and L.G. Kempe incisions for decompressive craniectomy: A case series and narrative review of the literature
Authors: Ordóñez-Rubiano Edgar G. , Figueredo Luisa F. , Gamboa-Oñate Carlos A. , Kehayov Ivo , Rengifo-Hipus Jorge A. , Romero-Castillo Ingrid J. , Rodríguez-Medina Angie P. , Patiño-Gomez Javier G. , Zorro Oscar 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a lifesaving procedure, relieving intracranial hypertension. Conventionally, DCs are performed by a reverse question mark (RQM) incision. However, the use of the L. G. Kempe’s (LGK) incision has increased in the last decade. We aim to describe the surgical nuances of the LGK and the standard RQM incisions to treat patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), empyema, and malignant ischemic stroke. Furthermore, to describe, surgical limitations, wound healing, and neurological outcomes related to each technique.

Methods:
To describe a prospective acquired, case series including patients who underwent a DC using either an RQM or an LGK incision in our institution between 2019 and 2020.

Results:
A total of 27 patients underwent DC. Of those, ten patients were enrolled. The mean age was 42.1 years (26–71), and 60% were male. Five patients underwent DC using a large RQM incision; three had severe TBI, one ICH, and one ischemic stroke. The other five patients underwent DC using an LGK incision (one ICH, one subdural empyema, and one ischemic stroke). About 50% of patients presented severe headaches associated with vomiting, and six presented altered mental status (drowsy or stuporous). Motor deficits were present in four cases. In patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, symptoms were directly related to the stroke location. Hospital stays varied between 13 and 22 days. No readmissions were recorded, and no fatal outcome was documented during the follow-up.

Conclusion:
The utility of the LGK incision is comparable with the classic RQM incision to treat acute brain injuries, where an urgent decompression must be performed. Some of these cases include malignant ischemic strokes, ICH, and empyema. No differences were observed between both techniques in terms of prevention of scalp necrosis and general cosmetic outcomes.
Les oppositions « langue moderne / langue ancienne », « langue vivante / langue morte », « langue naturelle / langue artificielle » à l’épreuve de l’apprentissage : introduction à six études de cas sur les méthodes de l’apprentissage des langues étrangère
Authors: Francesca Dell'Oro 
Published: July 2022

Comment change l’apprentissage d’une langue d’après son statut de langue moderne vivante, de langue ancienne « morte » ou encore de langue construite « non-naturelle » ? À travers six études de cas, sept experts de langues vivantes (telles l’anglais et le français aujourd’hui, le russe pendant le XXe siècle, mais aussi le latin dans l’Antiquité), de langues anciennes (telles le latin et le grec ancien aujourd’hui) et de langues construites (telles l’elfique et l’esperanto) décrivent différentes méthodes et modèles d’enseignement. Les auteurs présentent leurs expériences qui sont fortement ancrées dans la réalité de la classe et/ou reconstruisent minutieusement les méthodes et instruments à dispositions des enseignants et des apprenants à une certaine époque. De la présentation des dispositifs didactiques de l’Antiquité gréco-romaine (E. Dickey) à l’intégration des arts performatifs et à la relecture d’anciens traités de rhétorique (J.-R. Lapaire), de l’application de méthodes directes à la classe de langues anciennes (F. Dell’Oro & A. Kolde) à la présentation du russe comme une langue « archaïque » à des fins didactiques (D. Zalesskaya), de l’apprentissage des langues complexes qui évoluent dans le temps et dans l’espace de l’univers fictionnel de J.R.R. Tolkien (D. Bador) à l’idéal d’une langue commune de toute l’humanité telle l’esperanto (S. Moret), il en ressort une image de continuité, où chaque expérience peut apporter une contribution à partager dans le domaine de l’apprentissage des langues étrangères. Concernant la question posée initialement, le volume montre qu’à l’épreuve de l’enseignement les différences entre les langues modernes, anciennes ou construites apparaissent moins nettes que ne le suggère le système d’enseignement traditionnel.
Doppler and clinical characteristic of cephalgia in patients with arterial hypertension during intermittent fasting
Authors: Liu Chun , Pohorielov O.V. , Baranenko O.M. 
Published: July 2022

There were examined 142 patients with recurrent headache (cephalgia) and arterial hypertension, a mean – 49.26±1.33 years, of whom 69 men, 73 women who used intermittent fasting (patients spent 24 hours without food, 1 time per week, four repetitions). The control group consisted of 32 people of comparable age without hypertension (n=32; mean age 51.0±1.99 years). The purpose of the study was to increase the effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic methods in patients with hypertension and headache by establishing the meaning and peculiarities of the influence of intermittent fasting on headaches, neck carotid and intracranial circulation. There were 51 (35.9%±4.03) patients aged 25-44 years’; 45-59 years – 42 (29.58%±3.83) patients; 60-75 years – 49 (34.51%±3.99) patients. It was found that the structural pathology of the main arteries of the head consisted mainly in the thickening of the intima-media from 0,8 to 1,4 mm in 62.7% at the age of 25-44 years; in 71,4% at the age of 45-59; in 51% at the age of 60-75 years. Local thickenings in the bifurcation zone from 1.5 mm without hemodynamically significant stenosis were found in 9.8% at the age of 24-44 years, in 28.6% at the age of 45-59 years and in 49% at the age of 60-75 years. Statistical differences in linear circulatory velocity between the control group and the group of patients were significant already at the age of 25-44 years, for peak systolic velocity in the internal carotid artery (78.03±4.67 vs. 61.0±2.54 in control, p<0.05). At the age of 45-59 years, linear circulatory velocity affected all carotid and vertebral arteries, as in the group aged 60-75. The effect of intermittent fasting on aged hemodynamics consists mainly in changes of velocity of flow in arteries with better results in younger patients. Changes in the elastic-tonic characteristics of the main arteries of the head according to the index of resistance (index was 0.72±0.01 for common carotid artery and 0.63±0.01 after intermittent fasting in patients at the age of 25-44 years; 0.78±0.01 before and 0.67±0.01 after at the age of 60-75 years were revealed). The use of the intermittent fasting method caused mainly an increase in diastolic flow rates in the main arteries (with age dependences) and a decrease in systolic velocity in the age group 25-44 years. The pathophysiological interpretation of such changes is in the reducing the resistance, values of the main arteries of the head.
Using routine emergency department data for syndromic surveillance of acute respiratory illness, Germany, week 10 2017 until week 10 2021
Authors: Boender T. Sonia , Cai Wei , Schranz Madlen , Kocher Theresa , Wagner Birte , Ullrich Alexander , Buda Silke , Zöllner Rebecca , Greiner Felix , Diercke Michaela , Grabenhenrich Linus 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic expanded the need for timely information on acute respiratory illness at population level.AimWe explored the potential of routine emergency department data for syndromic surveillance of acute respiratory illness in Germany.MethodsWe used routine attendance data from emergency departments, which continuously transferred data between week 10 2017 and 10 2021, with ICD-10 codes available for > 75% of attendances. Case definitions for acute respiratory infection (ARI), severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), influenza-like illness (ILI), respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV) and COVID-19 were based on a combination of ICD-10 codes, and/or chief complaints, sometimes combined with information on hospitalisation and age.ResultsWe included 1,372,958 attendances from eight emergency departments. The number of attendances dropped in March 2020 during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave, increased during summer, and declined again during the resurge of COVID-19 cases in autumn and winter of 2020/21. A pattern of seasonality of respiratory infections could be observed. By using different case definitions (i.e. for ARI, SARI, ILI, RSV) both the annual influenza seasons in the years 2017–2020 and the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020/21 were apparent. The absence of the 2020/21 influenza season was visible, parallel to the resurge of COVID-19 cases. SARI among ARI cases peaked in April–May 2020 (17%) and November 2020–January 2021 (14%).ConclusionSyndromic surveillance using routine emergency department data can potentially be used to monitor the trends, timing, duration, magnitude and severity of illness caused by respiratory viruses, including both influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2.
John-Teller Distortion in Octahedral hexaaquacopper (II) Transition for S=1/2, d9 Metal Complex
Authors: Shwan Yadgar Hussein 
Published: July 2022

Jahn–Teller effect (JTE) describe how specific electrons distributions induce geometric deformation in molecules or ions. The distortion of Jahn–Teller (JT) takes place because of the uneven occupation of orbitals with the identical energies is disapproving. To prevent such inappropriate electronic arrangements, molecules distort (lose regularity), causing these orbitals to become non-degenerate. This distortion is most frequently seen in octahedral compounds, at which two axial bonds could be squeezed (compressed) or extend (elongated), leading to bond lengths that the different from equator bonds. The degeneracy of electronic states really isn’t accurately measured, but it would be measured precisely by the disparity in a concentration of electron among metal and the ligands upon on axil direction. The density functional theory has been used to calculate bond length in both cases geometry for , octahedral metal-complexes, the majority ordinary mechanism of distortion is elongation (z-out). In perfectly octahedral complexes deformation, the orbitals energy is changed more than the orbitals energy, causing elongation z-out distortion. The d-levels energy would be splitting in a ligand field throughout transition metal centers can frequently result in degenerate electron configurations that are subject to Jahn–Teller effects. In six-coordinate complexes of copper II ions. It is also significant in fewer regular oxidation levels of other transition ions with that count.
Covid-19 Vaccines in Iraq
Authors: Al-Taee Sura M.Y. , Al-Ani Amina G.O. , Salih Mohammad M. 
Published: July 2022

The emergence of the new corona virus ("SARS-CoV-2") in the late 2019 threatened the whole world and scientists throughout the word began searching for biological activities of the virus , During an unprecedented record period that did not exceed one year, scientists were able to develop a number of safe and effective vaccines , which have been tested on tens of thousands of volunteers around the world. Different companies prepared many vaccines and few of them get emergency approval by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and used in different countries. The aim of the current study is to describe COVID 19 vaccines, structures, efficacy and safety used in Iraq. Three vaccines (Pfizer,Biontech vaccine, AstraZenica,Oxford vaccine and Sinopharm,vaccine) are used to vaccinate people. All used vaccines showed variable effectiveness with different antibody titers. The ideal vaccine should be cheap, prophylactic, prevent congenital abnormalities, control the disease and eradicate it and be effective at all ages, at different health conditions and its effect is its effect lasts for a long time.
The role of Lean Accounting in Reducing Administrative Expenses Proposed Model in One of The Formations of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
Authors: Al Hayali Huda Jabbar Kadhim 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The goal of the accounting organizational structure of any department of the state is to reach the efficiency, effectiveness, harmony and time of work, quality of service, application of liability accounting based on the best choice, optimal use of working time and various resources, reducing expenses that have no value, and has been selected one of the formations of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research as the research community and the financial division of the research sample group for suffering from functional sagging, Waste, loss under traditional accounting practices.
Materials and Methods:
the goal of the research is to determine the digital value of errors and waste and waste of time and resources in the accounting work approved for the payroll unit based on the personal interview of individuals working in it individually and for the month of April 2021 and to present a proposed model to bribe these expenses. Results:
lean accounting is a culture of censorship, measurement and administrative methods that reflect rational thinking, correct practices and best decisions through the use of its court tools, concept, correct, reliability of information and works to save time and money by eliminating losses in old systems.
Conclusion:
the most important findings of the research indicated that agile thinking and correct practices using the tools of securitization court work to reduce mistakes And provide resources (human, service, commodity, time) by eliminating the lost by taking advantage of the lost time of the record unit, which is characterized by efficiency and accounting knowledge and commissioning the work of organizing salaries to avoid accounting errors resulting from the application of traditional systems, in addition to the use of graceful accounting methods in the accounting cycle of units (salaries, records) helps to reduce expenses that do not add value to outputs while maintaining the quality of information.
A Survey of Unmixed Bipartite Graphs and Very Well-Covered Graphs
Authors: Mohammed Diyar M. , Jabbar Adil K. , Darwesh Halgwrd M. 
Published: July 2022

Many authors investigated unmixed and bipartite graphs. There are many results obtained on these two types of graphs and show that a bipartite graph G satisfies Serre’s condition S2, then G is Cohen-Macaulay. This paper is a survey with some new results about very well-covered graphs, an unmixed bipartite graph.
PEMODELAN INVERSI TIGA DIMENSI (3D) STRUKTUR BAWAH PERMUKAAN KELOMPOK BATUAN OFIOLIT DI DISTRIK UWAPA, KABUPATEN NABIRE, PAPUA, SEBAGAI REFERENSI POTENSI SUMBERDAYA MINERAL BERDASARKAN DATA ANOMALI GRAVITASI GGMPLUS
Authors: Sudrajad Bangkit 
Published: July 2022

Di wilayah Uwapa, Nabire, Papua terdapat singkapan kelompok batuan ofiolit yang berpotensi terdapat endapan mineral logam seperti emas dan mineral pengikutnya serta pasir besi. Potensi sumberdaya mineral di sekitar kelompok batuan ofiolit ini didukung dengan keberadaan beberapa tambang emas aluvial (placer) di Blok Sentriko dan Blok Siriwo yang lokasinya berada di sekitar kompleks pegunungan kelompok batuan ofiolit tersebut. Pemodelan inverse tiga dimensi (3D) struktur bawah permukaan berdasarkan data anomali gravitasi GGMplus ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi parameter fisis dan parameter geometri dari struktur batuan ofiolit yang dapat membantu indentifikasi manifestasi gejala intrusi yang membawa potensi sumberdaya mineral dibatas mandala kerak samudra dan zona peralihan. Dari model tiga dimensi (3D) struktur bawah permukaan diperoleh bahwa kelompok batuan ofiolit telah mengalami fragmentasi oleh sesar-sesar normal sehingga membentuk pola graben berupa tiga blok batuan ofiolit yang kedalamannya tidak sejajar secara horisontal. Satu blok di bagian tenggara tersingkap ke permukaan membentuk morfologi pegunungan sedangkan dua blok lainnya di barat laut tidak tampak di permukaan karena berada pada kedalaman sekitar 6 km dan 1 km. Adapun dari hasil pemodelan diketahui kelompok batuan ofiolit yang terfragmentasi memiliki densitas 2,80–3,10 gram/cm3 dan diintrusi oleh batuan beku yang kemungkinan membawa potensi sumberdaya mineral melalui alur-alur kecil pada bidang sesar normal.
PEMODELAN PREDATOR – PREY STUDI KASUS: BINTANG LAUT BERDURI (Acanthaster planci) DAN TERUMBU KARANG
Authors: Ami Fitri Zhuraedah Ami Fitri Zhuraedah , Tri Widjajanti Tri Widjajanti , Rium Hilum Rium Hilum , La Ode Muhlis La Ode Muhlis 
Published: July 2022

Interaksi predator-prey merupakan interaksi yang terjadi antara dua spesies berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini predator adalah bintang laut berduri dan prey adalah terumbu karang. Jika populasi Bintang Laut berduri dibiarkan semakin bertambah maka populasi terumbu karang akan terancam. Kemudian jika populasi terumbu karang berkurang maka akan berakibat pada berkurangnya populasi bintang laut berduri itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk menentukan model predator-prey dari bintang laut berduri dan terumbu karang serta menyelesaikan model predator-prey dari bintang laut berduri dan terumbu karang. Hasil konstruksi model Predator – Prey berdasarkan asumsi-asumsi yang ada, yaitu:

Titik kesetimbangan model matematika predator-prey dari terumbu karang dan bintang laut berduri adalah E1(0,0) dan E2(K,0) . Titik E1(0,0) stabil asimtotik pada saat r2>0>r1 , sedangkan E2(K,0) stabil asimtotik pada saat saat r1>r2>0, r2>r1>0 dan r1=r2=0 .
ФОРМУВАННЯ ЦІНОВО – ЗБУТОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ «ТЕОРІЇ ІГОР»
Authors: Прокопенко Микола , Сідельнікова Владислава 
Published: July 2022

УДК 330.4; JEL Classification: M 210
Прокопенко М.В., Сідельнікова В.К. ФОРМУВАННЯ ЦІНОВО – ЗБУТОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ «ТЕОРІЇ ІГОР»
Мета дослідження полягає у вивчення теоретичних аспектів процесу ціноутворення та збуту продукції підприємства, методик встановлення ціни та розробки пропозицій щодо їх вдосконалення за допомогою методів статистичного прогнозування (теорії ігор). Методика дослідження. Було застосовано статистичний аналіз, математичне допущення, задіяні середні, максимальні та граничні показники, прийоми «теорії ігор», трендова модель, побудовані графіки валових доходів, витрат і прибутку, графіки зміни граничного доходу, граничних витрат і граничного прибутку, методи економетричного та трендового моделювання. Результати дослідження. Основним завданням дослідження був аналіз та розробка шляхів удосконалення політики ціноутворення та збутової діяльності підприємства. Результатом дослідження є доведена можливість використання елементів «теорії ігор» для моделювання вищеназваних показників. Для моделювання та отримання економіко-статистичної моделі було використано програму Microsoft Excel. Наукова новизна. Наукова новизна отриманих результатів полягає в аналізі та розробці теоретико – практичних засад вирішення проблем ціноутворення та збуту з точки зору підвищення ефективності функціонування підприємства. Запропонована методика отримання максимального прибутку за допомогою використання елементів «теорії ігор», реалізованих у середовищі Microsoft Excel. Практичне значення отриманих результатів. Отримані результати дослідження можуть бути застосовані в удосконаленні цінової політики підприємства виробничої сфери. Також можливе широке застосування в визначені оптимального об’єму збуту продукції. Практична сторона дослідження дозволяє максимізувати прибуток як у короткостроковому періоді, так і в пролонгованому (середньостроковий, довгостроковий).