bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Structure Improvement in Melt Processed Pure Aluminium Foams by Pre-treatment of Foaming Mixture
Authors: Gandhapu Sandeep , Mahajan Aryan , Sasikumar S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the cell structure of aluminium foams blown by using foaming mixture subjected under ball milling and heat treatments. This paper presents the study on the effects of various pre-treatment of foaming mixture on the cell structure of foamed aluminium (Al) fabricated via melt route. This study also demonstrates how the melt foaming method can be used to fabricate small-sized Al foams. Prior to foaming the Al melt, the foaming mixture containing TiH2 and Al was pre-treated by ball milling and heat treatment in four different ways. The foaming mixtures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. The macrostructure of the foams has been characterized by optical scanner and ImageJ software. The mechanical properties of the foam samples were evaluated by quasi-static compression test. XRD results revealed the TiO2 and Ti3O phases formed in the heat treated TiH2 powders. SEM micrographs showed the morphological changes occurred to Al and TiH2 powders and their distribution before and after ball milling. EDAX reported the chemical composition of elements present in the foaming mixtures. Ball milled foaming mixture not only increases the number of TiH2 particles, but also reduces the hydrogen content during the foaming stage. The foam produced from heat-treated and ball-milled foaming mixture shows better cell size & structure with good homogeneity. However, the mechanically mixed foaming mixture produce foam with good strength and energy absorption capability.
Tribological Characteristics of Stellite Hard faced Layer on Mild Steel
Authors: Venkatesh B. , Anil Kumar Reddy C. , Raghupathi  
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hardfacing is the oldest method of surface engineering for obtaining diverse characteristics and extending the life of materials. Even with typical use, all metal parts will corrode over time. As a result, they may lose their functioning, necessitating the purchase of a new part. This may occur more commonly in particular industrial applications, such as mining or agriculture. Hardfacing is a great solution for any metal element that is likely to wear over time. Hardfacing is typically done to worn rebuilt gear, but it can also be applied to new equipment to make it more wear-resistant. Hardfacing parts from older equipment can save you anywhere from 25 to 75 percent on replacement costs. Hardfacing can help extend the life of parts on latest equipment by up to 300 percent. Here chosen hardfacing technique as Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIGW) process to deposit stellite electrodes on base metal (i.e mild steel). The works is focus about deposit the hardfacing layers on mild steel specimens and perform comparative study of stellite -1 and stellite-12 hardfaced layers applied on mild steel specimens. The Objective of the project is to obtain better wear characteristics, hardness and better micro- structural properties of material.
Electrochemical behavior of friction stir welded joint of ultra-low carbon steel
Authors: Koley Ishita , Kundu Sukumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, friction stir welding of ultra low carbon steel was performed at tool rotational speeds in the range from 300 to 750rpm with 150rpm increments at 60mm/min fixed traverse speed. Throughout study was performed on macro and micro structures in order to determine the several welded zones for example stir zone, thermo-mechanically affected zone, and heat-affected zone. Microhardness profiles were performed along the welded joint's cross section and the utmost hardness was obtained at stir or nugget zone as compared to the other zones of the welded joints. The hardness values on the stir zone decreases with rise in tool rotating speed. Electrochemical study was investigated in 3.5%NaCl electrolyte solution. Corrosion rate is maximum (~27MPY) at 300 rpm stir zone and minimum value (~0.3 MPY) obtained at heat affected zone at 750rpm welded sample.
Comprehensive Analysis for Material Selection: Performance Evaluation for a Special Purpose Flexure
Authors: Bhoyar Suraj , Bhojwani Dr. Virendra , Sanap Dr. Sudarshan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Considering a cryocooler for space applications, a special type of a flexure spring is fitted to assist the compressor motor and a displacer for liner motion thereby removing vibrations, frictional losses, and wear & tear. In the context of the critical application, the important physical parameter i.e., fatigue life of the flexure spring matters the most so that cryocooler does not fail during the operation. The present research study is an attempt to analyze the vital factors and attributes to determining the suitable material for accomplishing finite-fatigue life for the special flexure spring. A comprehensive analysis for material selection was conducted using the material options viz. a] AISI 304 Stainless Steel b] Beryllium Copper UNSC17200 c] Grade 5 Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V-3.7165-R56400) and d] AMPCOLOY® 944. Further, the materials stated were compared to their respective S-N curves. To decode the flexure spring’s performance evaluation, the parameters viz. load stresses, stiffness, displacement, geometrical configuration, etc. were analyzed using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package.
Microwave casting of stainless still through microwave hybrid heating
Authors: Ram Vishal Kumar , Nandwani Sahil , Vardhan Sachit , Bahl Shashi , Samyal Rahul , Bagha Ashok Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A microwave is defined as a form of electromagnetic radiation. The microwave has an electric-field and magnetic field and those fields are orthogonal to each other and within the frequency range of 0.3-300 GHz. Microwave casting is a novel technique to cast different materials using microwave hybrid heating (MHH). The microwave casting is divided into two parts, such as in-situ and ex-situ. In this paper, the in-situ microwave casting process is used to cast the SS316bulk metal. A domestic microwave applicator has a frequency of 2.45 GHz with a power capacity of 900W. Stainless steel was used as a powder form having a particle size of 40-80 μm. SEM, EDS, and micro-hardness of the casted samples are carried out to validate the casting of SS316 bulk metal. The modal analysis of casted beam using experimental OROS software technique to measure the natural frequencies, corresponding damping ratios, and damping capacity of the casted SS316 samples.
Optimization of Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser welding for Nickel and Copper with ANFIS model
Authors: Kadale Sanket P. , Shinde Prakash S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nowadays the demand of joining dissimilar materials have increased. Pulsed Neodymium doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser welding is in demand because of its applicability in various sectors like Automobile, Electrical and Electronic Industries. In the current investigation pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding was used to weld Nickel and Copper samples. The experimentation was conducted to study the effect of process parameters on the performance of welding and to validate numerical model. The optimization technique was employed to get optimum process parameters. The main parameters of process were current, laser focus, pulse width and frequency. The main responses plotted were Ultimate tensile stress (UTS), Hardness and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). To perform effective experimentation design of experiment (DOE) was carried out using Taguchi method with four factors having three different levels. After experimentation Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed for analysis and optimization of the effect of different parameters on the responses. Then, the Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) model was being developed for factors and responses to get predicted results. The predicted results obtained from ANFIS model were close to experimental results.
Analysis of Phase Change Material used as Thermal Energy Storage Unit in Catalytic Converter.
Authors: Patil Vaibhav D. , Pise Gargee , Nandgaonkar Milankumar R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Phase change Material(PCM) is widely used to heat storage applications. In this study PCM is used in the catalytic converter application to improve the performance of catalytic converter by maintaining the temperature above the light off temperature. Catalytic converter is inefficient at lower temperature or below the light off temperature the conversion efficiency is very low and practically it is zero. Using PCM conversion efficiency of catalytic converter is increased. PCM is placed above the substrate to absorb the heat from the exhaust gases which are leaving to the atmosphere in order to maintain the substrate temperature above the light off temperature. When the temperature is high at substrate then conversion of pollutants is better. PCM Store the heat by changing the phase from solid to liquid and return the heat to substrate by partial solidification. In this paper, performance of PCM (Mg70Zn24.9Al5.1) which is a eutectic alloy used for high temperature applications was investigated at various loading conditions by doing the simulation on catalytic converter for melting and solidification of PCM and validate the results with experimental work. The melting of PCM domain is simulated using ANSYS fluent 2019 R3 software. The assumptions used for the numerical study, methodology of the work and specification of software is also discussed in this paper. The contours of melting fraction of PCM at regular interval for different loading conditions (i.e. 0%, 50%, and 100% load) are represented for total melting period of the PCM.
Effect of temperature on structural and magnetic properties of Co and Mg doped M-type hexaferrites
Authors: Vyshak Menon M , Srivastava A K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Using the sol-gel auto combustion method, M-type barium hexaferrite of composition Ba0.6Co0.4Mg0.4Fe11.6O19 was prepared. The precursor was divided into three parts and heated at three different temperatures i.e., 9000C, 10000C, 11000C. The structural samples were investigated using an XRD analysis. The variation of crystallite size and lattice constant to temperature was studied from the XRD data. The functional groups attached to the samples were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To understand the topography and elemental composition, the sample was analysed using a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FESEM). A VSM instrument was employed to investigate the magnetic property of the three samples. Magnetic parameters such as coercivity, saturation magnetization, magnetic retentivity, anisotropy constant, etc were calculated and tabulated.
Mechanical Characterization and Fabrication of Banana and Pineapple Fibers
Authors: Anil Kumar V. , Sai Neeraj T. , Meghana Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A composite material is made up of two or more materials with differing properties that are combined to enhance material properties. Various natural fibers are abundant in India such as seed hairs like cotton, flax, hemp leaf fibers, sisal, coconut, jute, pineapple, luffa, etc. Since natural fibers stand-alone don't have distinct mechanical properties. To attain good mechanical properties and to explore worth-added applications. The evolvement of natural fiber composites in India is to avoid the depletion of resources. The reason for the desirability of this field over the traditionally used synthetic fiber is that natural fibers have low density, high toughness, are environment friendly, fully biodegradable, renewable, and low cost. The biodegradability of plant fibers can impart a healthy ecosystem while their low cost & high performance fulfill the economic interest of industries. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new natural fiber composite with banana stem fibers and pineapple fibers. Resins and hardeners are chosen depending on the mechanical properties of the fibers, and fabrication was done accordingly. Finally, conclusions are drawn after Mechanical Testing of the composites. The properties of the composites are discussed.
Numerical study to investigate the influence of CNTs on delamination resistance in broken ply carbon/epoxy composites
Authors: Rao Chukka Atchuta , Krishna Murthy K S R , Chakraborty Debabrata 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact, one of the common mode of failure is ply breakage followed by interfacial delamination at the site of ply break. Improving the delamination resistance at the interface is therefore important and the present work examines quantitative understanding of how the addition of CNTs to epoxy might enhance the resistance to such delamination at the interface. A laminate made of plies with CNT-epoxy as the matrix and carbon fibre as the reinforcement has been considered to be broken through the full width. A full three dimensional FE analysis was carried out for such a carbon/CNT-epoxy laminate for different wt% of CNTs. Resistance to delamination has been assessed by computing critical strain energy release rate (Gc
) using quadratic stress criterion (QSC) and virtual crack closure integral (VCCI). From the results, by adding CNTs to epoxy, a significant improvement in the delamination resistance could be observed. However, the improvement is till a certain specific CNT wt% and adding CNTs further leads to a significant reduction in delamination resistance. In addition, the effect of various factors such as fiber orientation of the adjacent continuous ply and resin layer thickness on critical strain energy release rate (Gc
) have been studied. The results show that Gc
also depends upon the fiber orientation of the adjacent ply and on the resin layer thickness. As the resin layer thickness increases, a significant increase in Gc
is observed.
Study of Mechanical Properties and Hard Water Absorption Behavior of Water Hyacinth Reinforced Starch Composite
Authors: Wilson Delma , Anto Changel , Biju CV 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper an attempt has been made to prepare bio-composite using water hyacinth fiber as reinforcement and potato starch as matrix. The renewable resource, water hyacinth is used as the major composition of the proposed bio-composite. Since the bio polymer can contribute better mechanical properties, it can act as a substitute for the existing synthetic fibers. The biodegradable, environmentally friendly and less expensive characteristics of the bio composite, find it suitable for automotive and conventional industrial applications. The effect of the fiber length ranging from 10 mm to 40 mm verses tensile strength and bearing strength are included in the research work. The simplest and most effective hand layup method is used to prepare the bio fiber from water hyacinth after duly seasoning the raw stems in the controlled environment. The bio composite made up of 70% potato starch as matrix is dissolved in sufficient amount of water in which 30% of glycerol is added to the reaction mixture. Magnetic stirrer capable of generating variable speed ranging from 800 rpm to 1200 rpm, with inbuilt heating mechanism made up of stainless steel material is used to prepare the reaction mixture. The stirring process is continued till the required viscosity is obtained. The specimen is kept in the electric oven and the water content is removed. Before investigating the mechanical properties, the specimen was compressed to 600 psi (≈ 42 bar) pressure. Using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) the tensile strength of the composite was investigated in the ambient temperature and pressure. The specimens- with and without reinforcement were studied to find the effect of water absorption capability which is function of nature solvent and matrix. Based on the experimental results, it was concluded that bio composite is a potential candidate to serve the needs of the industry.
Structural and spin-dependent electronic properties of triangular/zigzag boron nitride nanowires
Authors: Jha Kamal K , Jain Sandeep Kumar , Jaiswal Neeraj K , Srivastava Pankaj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
By Employing first-principles investigations within the density functional theory, we have investigated the structural stability and spin-dependent electronic properties of boron nitride nanowires (BNNWs) in triangular and zigzag geometry. Analysis of binding energy reveals that both types of NWs are thermodynamically stable. Furthermore, zigzag NW is energetically more favorable than the triangular one by 0.23 eV. Both the examined structures exhibited semi-metallic character for spin compensated calculations. However, upon consideration of spin polarization, the opening of a bandgap has been witnessed for both the triangular and zigzag NWs. Remarkably, the triangular and zigzag NWs prefer a magnetic ground state robust to the thermal excitation energy of 26 meV. Interestingly, the spin-assisted band gap is significantly lower for the spin-up electronic states than that of spin-down electrons. It indicates that the charge transport through NWs would differ for spin-up and spin-down electrons. Present findings constitute the possibility of application in the emerging spin-based nano-electronic devices.
Exploring the Effect of Dispersed Phase on the High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Nanosilica Dispersions
Authors: Bhalla Neelanchali Asija , Chouhan Hemant , Yadav Rishi Kumar , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Shear Thickening Fluids (STFs) constitute a special class of materials which exhibit phase transition from low to high viscosity state when exposed to shearing forces, particularly, when the applied shear rate exceeds a critical value. The last decade has witnessed a mutual symbiotic relationship between STF and high-performance fabrics such as Kevlar®, Dyneema®, Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) etc., to produce new light weight and flexible protective materials systems with enhanced knife, stab and ballistic resistant properties than the existing ones. In this study, we explore the effect of particle shape and size on the high strain rate dynamic response of nanosilica dispersions. Shear thickening fluid (STF) was synthesized using fumed silica and spherical nanosilica particles, comprising the dispersed phase, whereas PPG400 (Polypropylene Glycol) was used as the dispersion medium. Ultrasonic homogenization technique was used for the synthesis of STF. The low strain rate rheological characterization was conducted on MCR302 rheometer at 25°C, whereas the high strain rate characterization was performed on inhouse designed and developed SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) apparatus. Fumed silica (FS) particles possess high specific surface area owing to their fractal structure. Therefore, their low molecular weight dispersions exhibit shear thickening behavior thus making them potential candidates for liquid body armour applications. On the other hand, spherical silica dispersions exhibit shear thickening behavior in high phase volume concentrations. Experimental studies showed that spherical silica based STF dispersions exhibited enhanced shear thickening in the low strain rate domain, as well as better mechanical response in terms of higher peak stress under high strain rate compressive loading conditions, during SHPB testing, in comparison to their fumed silica counterpart. Thus, it can be inferred that the mechanical response of nano-silica dispersions is influenced by the shape of the particles constituting the dispersed phase.
Turning of Aluminium Composites: Characteristics and Future Prospects
Authors: Gupta Vivudh , Singh Pawandeep 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aluminium matrix composites have widespread applications in different industrial areas including automobile and aerospace owing to their improved mechanical and tribological properties over conventional monolithic materials. As such, machining of these metal matrix composites is an important aspect to be studied in order to manufacture desired components with close tolerances. Presence of hard abrasive ceramic reinforcements in composites increases the chance of tool wear and hence, increased machining cost during conventional machining process. In order to improve machining characteristics of aluminium composites, machining is carried out using specialized carbide tools (both coated and uncoated), polycrystalline diamond inserts, CVD diamond coated inserts, etc. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on turning of aluminium composites. Factors affecting machinability like content, size, and morphology of reinforcement along with matrix hardness are discussed. Effect of process variables such as cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, etc. on response variables such as tool wear, surface finish, cutting forces, cutting temperature, etc. has been highlighted. Moreover, failure mechanisms involved in turning process occurring due to debonding, plastic deformation, particle fracture, etc. are deliberated in this study. Various modelling and optimization studies in this area are discussed in detail as well. Furthermore, scope for future work in this area including sustainable machining is also elucidated.
Linear, nonlinear and post buckling analysis of a stiffened panel with cutouts
Authors: Sohan R , Likith S , Sai Jeevan , Vadlamani Shashank 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stiffeners are typically used to strengthen structures that rely on plates for load bearing. Such structures are subjected to various kinds of in-plane and out-of-plane loading over its lifespan. Furthermore, cutouts in aerospace structures are considered for practical and design reasons. In the present paper, finite element method is used for the analysis of a flat rectangular stiffened plate. Static analysis is performed on three panels with different stiffener cross sections (I section, hat section and rectangular section), and the panel with the least deformation and stress is chosen for further buckling analysis. Linear, non-linear and post buckling analysis of the selected stiffened panel under in-plane compression is carried out and its load and end – shortening response is evaluated till collapse. Furthermore, the effect of rectangular and circular central cutouts on the buckling behaviour of the stiffened panel is investigated. By varying the dimensions of the cutouts, a parametric study on buckling and ultimate collapse strength is performed. The study takes into account an aluminium alloy with isotropic material properties and a carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) with orthotropic material properties.
FEM modelling of magnetoelectric coupling in (2-2)LSMO/ P(VDF-TrFE) polymer composite
Authors: Koner S , Sumit  , Shukla R , Majumder S K , Satapathy S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Strain mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect has been investigated in bilayer structure of LSMO/P (VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite in the transverse ME mode. In the transverse mode, Finite Element Method (FEM) based small signal analysis has been performed by the COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 software. La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)/P (VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite (2-2) has been prepared by gluing LSMO pellet with P(VDF-TrFE) polymer film. This bilayer structure shows multiferroic property at room temperature. Simulated FEM modelverifies the magneto-strictive property of LSMO layer and explained the experimental results.Experimental and simulated ME coupling coefficient are found to be very close to each other.