bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personnel for the transport industry: "points of growth" and projects
Authors: Tsarkova E. A. , Stanulevich O. E. , Pavlova O. A. , Tereshchenkova E. V. 
Published: May 2022

Today, personnel training for the needs of the Russian Federation economy is carried out not only in organizations that are part of the higher education system of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, but also in other industries’ educational organizations.Within the implementation of the Concept of personnel training for the transport complex of Russia, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation Decree of February 6, 2021 No. 255-r, the main role in providing industry with personnel for diff erent types of transport is played by educational organizations within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and federal transport agencies. This requires an assessment of the characteristics of the state of the vocational education system, as well as the special study on Universities condition to implement the areas of training indicated in the Concept. This includes an assessment of the state, capabilities and resources of the network of educational organizations of the transport complex.Not only the general characteristics of the transport education system are presented in the article, but also the capacity and structure of personnel training for the transport industry, as well as the complications in the activities of universities and the diffi culties of transition to the implementation of the main points of the key strategic documents in transport industry.The article is based on the results of research performed by the Department of the Development of Professional Education of the Russian University of Transport, and is intended for administrative and managerial personnel responsible for regulating the issues of education in educational institutions of higher and secondary vocational education, personnel services of enterprises and HR companies, as well as business representatives, researchers, students and postgraduate students.
Supply chain digitalization
Authors: Nikiforova G. I. , Mironenkova D. A. 
Published: May 2022

In today’s world, competition between enterprises is characterized by competition between production value chains. The model of inventory management in terms of supply chain management allows you to combine the resources of enterprises and strengthen their cooperation with other industries. This model enables the rational use of stocks, accurately refl ecting demand and reducing their cost, increasing competitiveness, optimizing the overall structure of the production value chains, which is the key to ensuring the smooth transfer of information between the links of the supply chains. Such models and ideas of inventory management will be applied by an increasing number of enterprises.The development of supply chains in general and the information subsystem in particular is analyzed. The characteristics of inventory management within the framework of the supply management system are considered. The weaknesses of the traditional management model at the current stage of digitalization of transportation are identifi ed, the strengths of the new management model are shown, which will signifi cantly reduce the cost of storing stocks within the supply chain and quickly respond to customer needs. The evolution of supply chains, the digitalization of production and transport processes create the conditions for organizing a single network information platform for the logistics chain. Thus, a phase of transition to network logistics will be implemented, which will increase the effi ciency of production value chains.
Environmental perspectives of rail transport
Authors: Belevtseva A. N. 
Published: May 2022

Particular attention on the railway must be paid to environmental protection and a rational approach to the use of natural resources.In the modern world, new solutions are found to solve environmental and energy conservation issues, this is facilitated by large corporations and their fi nancing of projects. Technological modernization of old systems brings enterprises to a new level and allows them to be competitive in the international market. The construction of railway lines leads to an increase in fuel consumption, which increases the emissions of various elements into the atmosphere.The creation of electric locomotives, the introduction of modern equipment, the modernization of diesel locomotives (contact-battery electric locomotive of the VL26 series) lead to a decrease in the level of atmospheric air pollution and makes it possible to reduce the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy elements in the environment.The experience of using Russian Railways technologies for energy saving and reducing the level of environmental pollution was studied.The forecasts for the use of a contact-battery electric locomotive of the VL26 series, designed to replace shunting diesel locomotives, which showed shortcomings and a loss of almost 70 % of the energy coming from the contact network, are presented.The modernization of diesel locomotives is considered, which will make it possible to reduce the consumption of fuel, oil and increase the energy effi ciency of the drive with switched reluctance machines, and therefore reduce the level of environmental pollution. The use of electrical power transmission with switched reluctance machines reduces maintenance and repair costs due to the features of electrical machines and the converter.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI REWARD AND PUNISHMENET DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN GURU DI SMAN 1 ASAM JUJUHAN KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA
Authors: Yanti Efrita 
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan disiplin guru melalui penerapan strategi reward and punishment. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian tindakan kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan penilaian kinerja disiplin guru. Berdasarkan analisis data, dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penerapan Reward dan Punishment efektif untuk meningkatkan disiplin kehadiran guru tepat waktu di sekolah. Data yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa setelah diadakan penerapan tindakan berupa Reward dan Punishment, terjadi penurunan signifikan pada jumlah guru yang terlambat datang ke sekolah. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil penelitian bahwa guru yang terlambat lebih dari 15 menit adalah 1 orang, dan guru yang tidak terlambat sebanyak 14 orang guru. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa. penerapan strategi Reward dan Punishment dapat meningkat disiplin guru untuk hadir tepat waktu di SMA Negeri 1 Asam Jujuhan.
A doppler ultrasonographic observation of interventional postural alterations on shear rates in peripheral arteries
Authors: N Vinay Kumar , T. S. Gugapriya , Arun Guru Thangiah , P. K. Balaji 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Drastic life style changes had resulted in increased reports of morbid atherosclerosis in young adults which is potentially a serious inflammatory condition which causes arteries to become harder and blocked with lipid accumulation known as plaques or atheroma. In the present study, effect of changes in posture on the resting shear rate (SR) was studied in arteries of both extremities.

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional observational doppler ultrasound study was done in 30 healthy subjects, who satisfied a pre-set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean blood flow velocity (BV) and diameter were measured for both brachial arteries and femoral arteries in supine, sitting with leg fully extended, sitting with leg flexed at 90o, standing with and without slight head tilting of 10o postures after resting the subjects for 10 minutes in between each posture. The SR in various postures were calculated and tabulated. The data was statistically analysed using independent ‘t’ test and one-way ANOVA. Post Hoc test was applied for analysing statistical significance of SR in between postures.

Results: The femoral artery showed significantly lower SR (P<0.001) in all the postures studied when compared to brachial artery. On comparing posture within brachial and femoral artery by applying one-way ANOVA with Post Hoc test, only femoral showed significant difference in SR between postures.

Conclusion: The postural effect in SR of arteries in lower limb may lead to alterations in the endothelium of arteries resulting in increased atherogenicity as compared to upper limb arteries.
Effect of comprehensive yoga therapy on pulmonary function among various groups with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: John Jessy , P. Venugopal , P. S. Shajahan 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: COPD is a disease with involvement of multiple organ system. Our previous study has proved yoga to be useful in improving the lung function. The current study assesses the effect of yoga on lung function with respect to age, duration of illness and severity of disease due to COPD.

Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of COPD were recruited in this study. Cases were assessed for lung function, peripheral oxygen saturation and exercise tolerance by 6MWT. Patients were exposed to yoga within their capacity of feasibility, and assessed for above parameters at the end of each month for about three months. A comparison study of various parameters following yoga based on age, duration of illness and severity of disease was done applying independent t test. Variables were expressed as Mean±SD. P<0.05 was considered the threshold for statistical significance.

Results: there was an average increase in FEV1% by 5.2 in <65 years, compared to FEVI% by11.4 in >65yrs (p<0.05). FEV1/FVC (%) in both the age groups showed similar response following yoga intervention (p< 0.01 level). We did not get any significant results with duration of illness and severity of disease.

Conclusion: Regular yoga practice improves the lung parameters and also the respiratory muscle strength. In this study, COPD patients falling under higher age groups showed more of benefit with yoga. We could not elucidate any response in lung function following yoga based on duration of illness and disease severity. Yoga practice is useful in improving lung parameters in higher age groups. Regular practice of yoga has helped patients with relief from frequent exacerbation of respiratory symptoms.
A biotechnological approach to optimization and production of melanin by Brevibacillus invocatus strain IBA, under submerged fermentation
Authors: Ammanagi Avinash Irappa , C.T. Shivasharana , R. Krishnaveni , Badiger Abhijeeth Shivappa , Ramaraj Vijaya Kumar , B. S. Srinath , Karthik Yalpi 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aim: Melanin is a macromolecule with many biological activities, found across the animal, plant and microbes. This study focuses on parametric optimization of melanin production using a microbial.

Materials and Methods: The soil samples were diluted to tenfold and spread plate technique was employed. The isolated cultures were subjected for melanin production the potential strain was selected and employed for mass production using nitrate broth supplement with L- tyrosine. The culture identification is by biochemical, microscopic and molecular sequencing and data retrieved through NCBI. Different physical parameters are used for the optimum growth of isolated culture.

Results: The potential microbial culture was identified through 16s rRNA was Brevibacillus invocatus strain IBA with accession number 696201.1. This is an effective culture produced tyrosinase activity was 3282 U mg-1 and 0.554 g l-1 cell mass. The incubation duration highest melanin production was 48 hours, with 0.328 g l-1. Melanin production was better with 0.352 g l-1 at 120rpm agitation. In pH 6.5 remained establish to be optimum with 0.47 g l-1. Optimum temperature at 35°C high yield with 0.487 g l-1. Sucrose remained establish to be best carbon source with 0.512 g l-1 of melanin; while Tryptone as nitrogen sources produced the maximum melanin 0.548 g l-1. Thin layer chromatography was one of the useful methods to detect melanin from crude to pure melanin had an Rf value of 0.62.

Conclusion: Chemical synthesis of melanin is expensive and involves multiple steps, animal or plant sources are cumbersome process. There are limitation and challenges to use the animal origin melanin for therapeutics and for food process. This investigation provides knowledge on factors affecting the melanin production using a bacterial culture in submerged fermentation technique.
As diretrizes regulatórias do novo marco legal do saneamento sob uma perspectiva do desenvolvimento como liberdade
Authors: Pereira Fabiana Augusta Araújo , Medeiros Mariana Queiroz 
Published: May 2022

Em julho de 2020, foi promulgada a Lei n.º 14.026, veiculando o marco legal do saneamento básico, cuja justificativa fundamenta-se na urgente necessidade de aprimoramento de mecanismos governamentais no intuito de garantir acesso à água de qualidade e ao tratamento de esgoto à quase metade da população brasileira que, ainda nos dias atuais, padece das nefastas consequências da ausência de saneamento básico. Entre as medidas aportadas pela nova legislação, destaca-se a necessidade de atração de investimentos privados, de maior eficiência na prestação do serviço de saneamento e mudanças nas práticas regulatórias, através da Agência Natural de Águas (ANA). Ocorre que, ao se debruçar com o referido texto normativo e o real cenário da estrutura do saneamento básico brasileiro, vê-se, em verdade, um recuo no papel do Estado e o avanço da iniciativa privada. Neste caminho, o presente artigo visa a analisar se o novo marco regulatório do saneamento básico será capaz promover desenvolvimento nacional. E, para tanto, parte-se da análise teórica da proposta de desenvolvimento como liberdade apresentada por Amartya Sen. Assim, pretende-se, a partir do estudo ora exposto, verificar se as mudanças trazidas com o novo marco legal, mormente no que concerne às novas normas regulatórias, terão o condão de melhorar o atual (cruel) cenário do saneamento básico brasileiro e, quiçá, promover o desenvolvimento e garantir liberdade e dignidade à população brasileira.
Factores asociados en la transmisión de la enfermedad de Hansen en Colombia: una perspectiva epidemiológica
Authors: Serna Trejos Juan Santiago , Martinez Parada Isabella , Prado Molina Diego Gerardo 
Published: May 2022

Hemos leído con gran interés y aprecio su artículo titulado “Afectación familiar de la enfermedad de Hansen en Costa Rica”1 bajo la autoria de Rivera-Chavarria y Cols , puesto que supone un artículo que depara pautas de caracterización poblacional sumamente relevantes para la salud pública , más específicamente tratándose de la enfermedad de Hansen (EH), que supone una enfermedad infectocontagiosa desatendida en Colombia.
REAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE AND IMPORT OF GOODS AND SERVICES LINKAGE IN NIGERIA: AN IMPACT ANALYSIS
Authors: Eje Grace Chinyere , Ugwu Okereke J. 
Published: May 2022

This paper assessed the influence of real effective exchange rate on import of goods and services in Nigeria over the period, 1986-2020. The Error correction model estimation was applied in estimating the multiple regression model. The findings showed that the real effective exchange rate is negative and statistically significant effect on the exports of goods and services in Nigeria. Expectedly, the convergence coefficient or error correction term (ECT) is negatively signed and significant, which suggests that last-period’s deviation from a long-run equilibrium influences its short-run dynamics as is being corrected at a speed revealed by the parameter estimate. Thus, the speed of adjustment (or error correction term) shows that deviation from equilibrium relationship is corrected at the speed of 56% on annual basis. We recommend that we recommend that if the Nigeria wants to focus on import, the currencies should be devalued/depreciated because they are relatively elastic to changes in real exchange rate.
Keywords: Exchange Rate, Error Correction Model, Imports, Goods, Nigeria.
In vitro evaluation of Sporothrix brasiliensis biotherapic
Authors: Barbosa Gleyce Moreno , Brito Amanda Ribeiro Ricardo , Souza Lais Cavalcanti dos Santos Velasco , Baptista Andrea Regina de Souza 
Published: May 2022

Background: Sporothrix brasiliensis is one of the most virulent zoonosis which affects animals and humans. This fungus is responsible for subcutaneous infection and its contamination is possible through trauma to the skin. Sporotrichosis is highly prevalent in feline. And Rio de Janeiro appears to have the highest occurrence of cases. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Sporothrix brasiliensis biotherapic, with and without an association to allopathic medicine commonly used in the treatment. Methodology: Conidium cells of Sporothrix brasiliensis will be cultured in Potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 5 to 7 days and yeast cells in Brain heart infusion (BHI) for 3 to 5 days. After incubation, the cells will be scraped with a drigalski handle and filtered using cells strainer into a tube and centrifuge for 5 minutes at 3000 RPM. The cells will be resuspended with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), centrifuge again, and finally resuspended in PBS. After preparing the inocule, the microplates will be prepared. There will be 5 groups in vitro. The first one will be the control group, only fungi. The second will be the treatment of fungi with homeopathic medicine (Sporothrix brasiliensis 30DH). The third group will be the homeopathic medicine in association with itraconazole. The fourth will be the treatment with itraconazole only. And the last group will be the fungi with dynamized distilled water 30DH. Sporothrix brasiliensis 30DH will be prepared according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia. Results and discussions: The experiments are still in progress and the results will be analyzed through Analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine statistically significant differences. Previous articles based on biotherapic treatments demonstrated successful results, so our research group is conducting these experiments to evaluate the effect in this model. Conclusion: Experiments will be made to verify the efficacy of biotherapic on sporotrichosis treatments.
Quantification of methane emissions from hotspots and during COVID-19 using a global atmospheric inversion
Authors: McNorton Joe , Bousserez Nicolas , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Cantarello Luca , Engelen Richard , Huijnen Vincent , Inness Antje , Kipling Zak , Parrington Mark , Ribas Roberto 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Concentrations of atmospheric methane (CH4), the second most important greenhouse gas, continue to grow. In recent years this growth rate has increased further (2020: +15.6 ppb), the cause of which remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a high-resolution (∼80 km),
short-window (24 h) 4D-Var global inversion system based on the ECMWF
Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) and newly available satellite observations. The largest national disagreement found between prior (5.3 Tg per month) and posterior (5.0 Tg per month) CH4 emissions is from China, mainly attributed to the energy sector. Emissions estimated from our global system are in good agreement with those of previous regional studies and point source-specific studies. Emission events (leaks or blowouts) > 10 t CH4 h−1 were detected, but without appropriate prior uncertainty information, were not well quantified. Our results suggest that global anthropogenic CH4 emissions for the first 6 months of 2020 were, on average, 470 Gg per month (+1.6 %) higher than for 2019, mainly attributed to the energy and agricultural sectors. Regionally, the largest increases were seen from China (+220 Gg per month, 4.3 %), with smaller increases from India (+50 Gg per month, 1.5 %) and the USA (+40 Gg per month, 2.2 %). When assuming a consistent year-on-year positive trend in emissions, results show that during the onset of the global slowdown (March–April 2020) energy sector CH4 emissions from China increased above expected levels; however, during later months (May–June 2020) emissions decreased below expected levels. Results for the first 6 months of 2019/20 suggest that the accumulated impact of the COVID-19 slowdown on CH4 emissions from March–June 2020 might be small relative to the long-term positive trend in emissions. Changes in OH concentration, not investigated here, may have contributed to the observed growth in 2020.
Divergence of apparent and intrinsic snow albedo over a season at a sub-alpine site with implications for remote sensing
Authors: Bair Edward H. , Dozier Jeff , Stern Charles , LeWinter Adam , Rittger Karl , Savagian Alexandria , Stillinger Timbo , Davis Robert E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Intrinsic albedo is the bihemispherical reflectance independent of effects
of topography or surface roughness. Conversely, the apparent albedo is the
reflected radiation divided by the incident and may be affected by
topography or roughness. For snow, the surface is often rough, and these two
optical quantities have different uses: intrinsic albedo is used in
scattering equations whereas apparent albedo should be used in energy
balance models. Complementing numerous studies devoted to surface roughness
and its effect on snow reflectance, this work analyzes a time series of
intrinsic and apparent snow albedos over a season at a sub-alpine site using
an automated terrestrial laser scanner to map the snow surface topography.
An updated albedo model accounts for shade, and in situ albedo measurements
from a field spectrometer are compared to those from a spaceborne
multispectral sensor. A spectral unmixing approach using a shade endmember
(to address the common problem of unknown surface topography) produces grain
size and impurity solutions; the modeled shade fraction is compared to the
intrinsic and apparent albedo difference. As expected and consistent with
other studies, the results show that intrinsic albedo is consistently
greater than apparent albedo. Both albedos decrease rapidly as ablation
hollows form during melt, combining effects of impurities on the surface and
increasing roughness. Intrinsic broadband albedos average 0.056 greater than
apparent albedos, with the difference being 0.052 in the near infrared or
0.022 if the average (planar) topography is known and corrected. Field
measurements of spectral surface reflectance confirm that multispectral
sensors see the apparent albedo but lack the spectral resolution to
distinguish between darkening from ablation hollows versus low
concentrations of impurities. In contrast, measurements from the field
spectrometer have sufficient resolution to discern darkening from the two
sources. Based on these results, conclusions are as follows: (1) impurity estimates
from multispectral sensors are only reliable for relatively dirty snow with
high snow fraction; (2) a shade endmember must be used in spectral mixture
models, even for in situ spectroscopic measurements; and (3) snow albedo
models should produce apparent albedos by accounting for the shade fraction.
The conclusion re-iterates that albedo is the most practical snow
reflectance quantity for remote sensing.
La importancia internacional de las lenguas revisitada
Authors: Álvarez Mella Héctor , Moreno Fernández Francisco 
Published: May 2022

Este trabajo responde al interés científico y social por el análisis comparado de la importancia internacional de las lenguas. En él se ensaya una clasificación que ordena las propuestas existentes según los criterios en que se basan: la percepción de la importancia, la estimación de la importancia y el cálculo de índices complejos. En segundo lugar, el texto presenta una actualización del índice internacional de las lenguas y de sus indicadores para 2020. Por último, se analizan los resultados del cálculo y se comparan con índices anteriores. El análisis permite describir un panorama lingüístico plural y policéntrico, definido por distintas lenguas internacionales y sus respectivas áreas de influencia y expansión.