bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Older Adults Improves Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Inflammation, Physical Function, and Aging Hallmarks: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kumar Premranjan , Liu Chun , Suliburk James , Hsu Jean W , Muthupillai Raja , Jahoor Farook , Minard Charles G , Taffet George E , Sekhar Rajagopal V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Elevated oxidative stress (OxS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and hallmarks of aging are identified as key contributors to aging, but improving/reversing these defects in older adults (OA) is challenging. In prior studies, we identified that deficiency of the intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) could play a role and reported that supplementing GlyNAC (combination of glycine and N-acetylcysteine [NAC]) in aged mice improved GSH deficiency, OxS, mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (MFO), and insulin resistance (IR). To test whether GlyNAC supplementation in OA could improve GSH deficiency, OxS, mitochondrial dysfunction, IR, physical function, and aging hallmarks, we conducted a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.

Methods
Twenty-four OA and 12 young adults (YA) were studied. OA was randomized to receive either GlyNAC (N = 12) or isonitrogenous alanine placebo (N = 12) for 16-weeks; YA (N = 12) received GlyNAC for 2-weeks. Participants were studied before, after 2-weeks, and after 16-weeks of supplementation to assess GSH concentrations, OxS, MFO, molecular regulators of energy metabolism, inflammation, endothelial function, IR, aging hallmarks, gait speed, muscle strength, 6-minute walk test, body composition, and blood pressure.

Results
Compared to YA, OA had GSH deficiency, OxS, mitochondrial dysfunction (with defective molecular regulation), inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, IR, multiple aging hallmarks, impaired physical function, increased waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure. GlyNAC (and not placebo) supplementation in OA improved/corrected these defects.

Conclusion
GlyNAC supplementation in OA for 16-weeks was safe and well-tolerated. By combining the benefits of glycine, NAC and GSH, GlyNAC is an effective nutritional supplement that improves and reverses multiple age-associated abnormalities to promote health in aging humans.
Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT01870193
Till Death Do Us Part?: Exploring the Social Convoys of Conjugally Bereaved Women
Authors: Hackett Sara E , de Medeiros Kate 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The hierarchical mapping technique (HMT) is used to study social convoys, peoples’ support systems. Recent research integrating the HMT and the continuing bonds framework suggests that deceased persons may be influential convoy members. Extending this idea, the current study aimed to gain insight regarding how older conjugally bereaved women view the role of a deceased romantic partner in their convoy.

Methods
The study utilized a qualitative descriptive approach. Twenty heterosexual women (mean age = 78 years, range = 65–93 years), recruited via social media and snowball sampling, participated in one 90-min interview. Each discussed their bereavement journey and completed an HMT diagram to comment on how, if at all, their deceased romantic partner was part of their social convoy and their place within it.

Results
Fifteen of the 20 women placed the deceased in the innermost circle of the diagram, with them yet separate from other convoy members. Thematic analysis of transcripts revealed 5 major themes: “We’re part of each other,” “I think he supports me,” “He would want me to be happy,” “I just feel so grateful,” and “I think about him every day but I don’t talk about him every day.”

Discussion
Perceptions that deceased romantic partners continue to play a key role in conjugally bereaved older women’s lives offer researchers the unique opportunity to examine how loss is carried into old age. Furthermore, this study may assist with the development of interventions that destigmatize continuing bond expressions for conjugally bereaved heterosexual women.
Mitigating the effect of errors in source parameters on seismic (waveform) tomography
Authors: Blom Nienke , Hardalupas Phil-Simon , Rawlinson Nicholas 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYWe investigate the effect of errors in earthquake source parameters on the tomographic inverse problem and propose mitigation strategies for avoiding artefacts caused by such errors. In global catalogues, mislocation errors can amount to tens of kilometres both horizontally and vertically, while fault plane uncertainties can be of the order of tens of degrees. We conduct a perturbation study investigating both errors in the source location and in the moment tensor. Spatial perturbations of 5 km and fault plane perturbations of 5° result in measured time-shifts of the order of 0.5 to several seconds, which in five iterations lead to artefacts with amplitudes of the order of 0.5–1 per cent spanning up to several hundreds of kilometres. Larger perturbations (e.g. 20 km) lead to artefacts similar in amplitude (∼5 per cent) to the features judged to be interpretable in tomographic models. This can be further exacerbated by the cumulative effect of systematic errors. Mitigation strategies consist of removing a region around the source from the gradient and discarding traces where amplitudes are comparatively small. The most problematic type of error is a horizontal mislocation, because its imprint is not removed by such measures—discarding a ‘suspicious’ event may be the only option if no trustworthy ground truth is available. Although this study focuses on (adjoint) waveform tomography, a large part of the results are equally valid for any other type of imaging method that is based on time- and/or phase-shift measurements. The concerns and mitigation strategies presented here therefore have broader applicability.
Examining semantic (dis)similarity in news through news organizations’ ideological similarity, similarity in truthfulness, and public engagement on social media: a network approach
Authors: Li Yue , Bond Robert M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The rise of homogenization and polarization in the news may inhibit individuals’ understanding of an issue and the functioning of a democratic society. This study applies a network approach to understanding patterns of semantic similarity and divergence across news coverage. Specifically, we focus on how (a) inter-organizational networks based on media ideology, (b) inter-organizational networks based on news truthfulness, and (c) public engagement that news articles received on social media may affect semantic similarity in the news. We use large-scale user logs data on social media platforms (i.e., Facebook and Twitter) and news text data from more than 100 news organizations over 10 months to examine the three potential processes. Our results show that the similarity between news organizations in terms of media ideology and news truthfulness is positively associated with semantic similarity, whereas the public engagement that news articles received on social media is negatively associated with semantic similarity. Our study contributes to theory development in mass communication by shifting to a network paradigm that connects news organizations, news content, and news audiences. We demonstrate how scholars across communication disciplines may collaborate to integrate distinct theories, connect multiple levels, and link otherwise separate dimensions. Methodologically, we demonstrate how synchronizing network science with natural language processing and combining social media log data with text data can help to answer research questions that communication scholars are interested in. The findings’ implications for news polarization are discussed.
Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Matrov Denis , Kurrikoff Triin , Villa Inga , Sakala Katre , Pulver Aleksander , Veidebaum Toomas , Shimmo Ruth , Harro Jaanus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Impulsivity is a psychiatric vulnerability factor strongly associated with substance abuse but also with unhealthy diet. Whether these associations extend to specific nutrients is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and 2 impulsivity dimensions in a representative sample of south Estonian adolescents and young adults. Impulsivity and dietary intake were measured 3 times in 2 birth cohorts at regular intervals in individuals aged 15 to 33 years.

Methods
The sample included 2 birth cohorts of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. The analytic sample size consisted of 2883 observations (56.4% females). The primary outcomes were adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity scores measured by an original 24-item Likert-type questionnaire. Impulsivity scores were predicted from the food diaries data converted into nutrient categories. A linear mixed-effects approach was used to model the time dependence between observations.

Results
Lower maladaptive impulsivity was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −.07; 95% CI = −0.12; −0.03). Higher maladaptive impulsivity was associated with lower dietary intake of zinc (β = −.10; −0.15; −0.06) and vegetables (β = −.04; −0.07; −0.01) and higher intake of sodium (β = .06; 0.02; 0.10). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with adaptive impulsivity (β = .04; 0.01; 0.07). Additionally, some of the adjusted models showed significant but weak associations with selenium, alcohol, fish, and cereal products.

Conclusions
Food choice may affect the neurochemistry and therefore regulate the manifestations of impulsivity. We identified associations between several (micro)nutrients and maladaptive impulsivity.
Association Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viremia and Compromised Neutralization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Beta Variant
Authors: Hwa Shi-Hsia , Snyman Jumari , Bernstein Mallory , Ganga Yashica , Cele Sandile , Muema Daniel , Tan Chee Wah , Khan Khadija , Karim Farina , Hanekom Willem , Bernstein Leslie , Kaufmann Stefan H E , Wang Lin-Fa , Ndung’u Thumbi , Sigal Alex ,   the COMMIT-KZN Team, Steyn Adrie , Leslie Alasdair , Ramjit Dirhona , Wong Emily , Harling Guy , Kloverpris Henrik , Marakalala Jackson , Seeley Janet , Giandhari Jennifer , Dullabh Kaylesh , Nyamande Kennedy , Herbst Kobus , Naidoo Kogie , Mazibuko Matilda , Archary Moherndran , Moshabela Mosa , Padayatchi Nesri , Klein Nigel , Mbatha Nikiwe , Ngcobo Nokuthula , Gumede Nokwanda , Ngcobo Nokwanda , Goulder Philip , Jeena Prakash , Madansein Rajhmun , Gupta Ravindra K , Harrichandparsad Rohen , Singh Samita , Khoza Thandeka , Smit Theresa , Planck Max , Patel Vinod , Ndhlovu Zaza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be associated with worse clinical outcomes in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PWH). We report anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 in Durban, South Africa, during the second SARS-CoV-2 infection wave dominated by the Beta (B.1.351) variant.

Methods
Thirty-four participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed up with weekly blood sampling to examine antibody levels and neutralization potency against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Participants included 18 PWH, of whom 11 were HIV viremic.

Results
SARS-CoV-2–specific antibody concentrations were generally lower in viremic PWH than in virologically suppressed PWH and HIV-negative participants, and neutralization of the Beta variant was 4.9-fold lower in viremic PWH. Most HIV-negative participants and antiretroviral therapy–suppressed PWH also neutralized the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, whereas the majority of viremic PWH did not. CD4 cell counts &lt;500/μL were associated with lower frequencies of immunoglobulin G and A seroconversion. In addition, there was a high correlation between a surrogate virus neutralization test and live virus neutralization against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus in both PWH and HIV-negative individuals, but correlation decreased for the Beta variant neutralization in PWH.

Conclusions
HIV viremia was associated with reduced Beta variant neutralization. This highlights the importance of HIV suppression in maintaining an effective SARS-CoV-2 neutralization response.
Inflammation and Metabolism of Influenza-Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Adults With Obesity Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Green William D , Alwarawrah Yazan , Al-Shaer Abrar E , Shi Qing , Armstrong Michael , Manke Jonathan , Reisdorph Nichole , Farrell Timothy M , Hursting Steven D , MacIver Nancie J , Beck Melinda A , Shaikh Saame Raza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Obesity dysregulates immunity to influenza infection. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate how obesity impairs immunity and to establish therapeutic approaches that mitigate the impact of increased adiposity. One mechanism by which obesity may alter immune responses is through changes in cellular metabolism.

Methods
We studied inflammation and cellular metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from individuals with obesity relative to lean controls. We also investigated if impairments to PBMC metabolism were reversible upon short-term weight loss following bariatric surgery.

Results
Obesity was associated with systemic inflammation and poor inflammation resolution. Unstimulated PBMCs from participants with obesity had lower oxidative metabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production compared to PBMCs from lean controls. PBMC secretome analyses showed that ex vivo stimulation with A/Cal/7/2009 H1N1 influenza led to a notable increase in IL-6 with obesity. Short-term weight loss via bariatric surgery improved biomarkers of systemic metabolism but did not improve markers of inflammation resolution, PBMC metabolism, or the PBMC secretome.

Conclusions
These results show that obesity drives a signature of impaired PBMC metabolism, which may be due to persistent inflammation. PBMC metabolism was not reversed after short-term weight loss despite improvements in measures of systemic metabolism.
Effects of the news finds me perception on algorithmic news attitudes and social media political homophily
Authors: Gil de Zúñiga Homero , Cheng Zicheng , González-González Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrior literature on political filter bubbles suggests an overall positive association between social media use and political networks diversification. Sometimes, this might not be the case. This study argues that the News Finds Me perception (NFM) or the belief that “one” can be well-informed about public affairs without actively seeking information as news will find “me” through “my” networks, tend to nurture a positive attitude toward algorithmic news gatekeeping. Likewise, NFM’s news over-reliance on one’s social network support the development of homogeneous information and discussion political networks in social media (political homophily). Results based on a variety of ordinary least squares regression models (cross-sectional, lagged, and autoregressive) from a U.S. representative panel survey, as we all as autoregressive structural equation model tests, indicate that this is indeed the case. This study serves to specifically clarify when and how social media and the NFM facilitate politically homogeneous filter bubbles.
Trajectories of Maternal and Paternal Psychological Distress After Fetal Diagnosis of Moderate–Severe Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Mangin-Heimos Kathryn S , Strube Michael , Taylor Kaylin , Galbraith Kymberli , O’Brien Erin , Rogers Cynthia , Lee Caroline K , Ortinau Cynthia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare trajectories of maternal and paternal psychological distress after prenatal diagnosis of fetal moderate–severe congenital heart disease (CHD), from pregnancy through early-mid infancy.

Methods
Pregnant women who received a prenatal diagnosis of fetal moderate–severe CHD, and their partners, were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study. Symptoms of psychological distress were measured twice during pregnancy and twice after birth, using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42). Patterns and predictors of psychological distress were examined using generalized hierarchical linear modeling.

Results
Psychological distress was present in 42% (18/43) of mothers and 22% (8/36) of fathers at least once during the study. The rates of distress did not differ between mothers and fathers. There was also no change in probability of distress over time or difference in distress trajectories between mothers and fathers. However, individual trajectories demonstrated considerable variability in symptoms for both mothers and fathers. Predictors of psychological distress included low social support for mothers and a history of mental health conditions for fathers.

Conclusions
Parents who receive a prenatal diagnosis of fetal CHD commonly report symptoms of psychological distress from the time of diagnosis through early-mid infancy and display highly variable trajectories. These data suggest that early and repeated psychological screening is important once a fetal CHD diagnosis is made and that providing mental health and social support to parents may be an important component of their ongoing care.
Spin-driven jet feedback in idealized simulations of galaxy groups and clusters
Authors: Huško Filip , Lacey Cedric G , Schaye Joop , Schaller Matthieu , Nobels Folkert S J 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We implement a black hole spin evolution and jet feedback model into SWIFT, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code. The jet power is determined self-consistently assuming that the black hole accretion rate is equal to the Bondi rate (i.e. the accretion efficiency is 100 per cent), and using a realistic, spin-dependent efficiency. The jets are launched along the spin axis of the black hole, resulting in natural reorientation and precession. We apply the model to idealized simulations of galaxy groups and clusters, finding that jet feedback successfully quenches gas cooling and star formation in all systems. Our group-size halo (M200 = 1013 M⊙) is quenched by a strong jet episode triggered by a cooling flow, and it is kept quenched by a low-power jet fed from hot halo accretion. In more massive systems (M200 ≳ 1014 M⊙), hot halo accretion is insufficient to quench the galaxies, or to keep them quenched after the first cooling episode. These galaxies experience multiple episodes of gas cooling, star formation, and jet feedback. In the most massive galaxy cluster that we simulate (M200 = 1015 M⊙), we find peak cold gas masses of 1010 M⊙ and peak star formation rates of a few times 100 $\mathrm{M}_\odot \,\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}$. These values are achieved during strong cooling flows, which also trigger the strongest jets with peak powers of 1047$\mathrm{erg}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$. These jets subsequently shut off the cooling flows and any associated star formation. Jet-inflated bubbles draw out low-entropy gas that subsequently forms dense cooling filaments in their wakes, as seen in observations.
Resistance Evolution against Host-directed Antiviral Agents: Buffalopox Virus Switches to Use p38-ϒ under Long-term Selective Pressure of an Inhibitor Targeting p38-α
Authors: Chander Yogesh , Kumar Ram , Verma Assim , Khandelwal Nitin , Nagori Himanshu , Singh Namita , Sharma Shalini , Pal Yash , Puvar Apurvasinh , Pandit Rameshchandra , Shukla Nitin , Chavada Priyank , Tripathi Bhupendra N , Barua Sanjay , Kumar Naveen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Host-dependency factors have increasingly been targeted to minimize antiviral drug resistance. In this study, we have demonstrated that inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (a cellular protein) suppresses buffalopox virus (BPXV) protein synthesis by targeting p38-MNK1-eIF4E signaling pathway. In order to provide insights into the evolution of drug resistance, we selected resistant mutants by long-term sequential passages (P; n = 60) in the presence of p38 inhibitor (SB239063). The P60-SB239063 virus exhibited significant resistance to SB239063 as compared to the P60-Control virus. To provide mechanistic insights on the acquisition of resistance by BPXV-P60-SB239063, we generated p38-α and p38-ϒ (isoforms of p38) knockout Vero cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. It was demonstrated that unlike the wild type (WT) virus which is dependent on p38-α isoform, the resistant virus (BPXV-P60-SB239063) switches over to use p38-ϒ so as to efficiently replicate in the target cells. This is a rare evidence wherein a virus was shown to bypass the dependency on a critical cellular factor under selective pressure of a drug.
BH3 mimetics targeting BCL-XL impact the senescent compartment of pilocytic astrocytoma
Authors: Selt Florian , Sigaud Romain , Valinciute Gintvile , Sievers Philipp , Zaman Julia , Alcon Clara , Schmid Simone , Peterziel Heike , Tsai Jessica W , Guiho Romain , Martínez-Barbera Juan Pedro , Pusch Stefan , Deng Jing , Zhai Yifan , van Tilburg Cornelis M , Schuhman Martin U , El Damaty Ahmed , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Herold-Mende Christel , von Deimling Andreas , Pfister Stefan M , Montero Joan , Capper David , Oehme Ina , Sahm Felix , Jones David T W , Witt Olaf , Milde Till 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common pediatric brain tumor and a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-driven disease. Oncogenic MAPK-signaling drives the majority of cells into oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). While OIS induces resistance to antiproliferative therapies, it represents a potential vulnerability exploitable by senolytic agents.MethodsWe established new patient-derived PA cell lines that preserve molecular features of the primary tumors and can be studied in OIS and proliferation depending on expression or repression of the SV40 large T antigen. We determined expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members in these models and primary PA. Dependence of senescent PA cells on anti-apoptotic BCL-2 members was investigated using a comprehensive set of BH3 mimetics.ResultsSenescent PA cells upregulate BCL-XL upon senescence induction and show dependency on BCL-XL for survival. BH3 mimetics with high affinity for BCL-XL (BCL-XLi) reduce metabolic activity and induce mitochondrial apoptosis in senescent PA cells at nano-molar concentrations. In contrast, BH3 mimetics without BCL-XLi activity, conventional chemotherapy, and MEK inhibitors show no effect.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that BCL-XL is critical for survival of senescent PA tumor cells and provides proof-of-principle for the use of clinically available BCL-XL-dependent senolytics.