bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse Myelitis Following SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccination: A Pharmacoepidemiological Study in the World Health Organization's Database
Authors: Nguyen Sophie , Bastien Etienne , Chretien Basile , Sassier Marion , Defer Gilles , Nehme Ahmad , Lelong‐Boulouard Véronique , Alexandre Joachim , Fedrizzi Sophie , Morice Pierre‐Marie 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundTransverse myelitis (TM) has recently been associated by health authorities with Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson), one of the 5 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA) labeled severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccines. It is unknown whether a similar association exists for the other FDA or EMA labeled SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer/BioNTech], mRNA‐1273 [Moderna], ChAdOx1nCov‐19 [Oxford–AstraZeneca], and NVX‐CoV2373 [Novavax]). This study aimed to evaluate the association between SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine class and TM.MethodsThis observational, cross‐sectional, pharmacovigilance cohort study examined individual case safety reports from VigiBase, the World Health Organization's pharmacovigilance database. We first conducted a disproportionality analysis with the information component (IC) using the reports of TM that occurred within 28 days following exposure to the FDA or EMA labeled SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines, from December 1, 2020 (first adverse event related to a SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine) to March 27, 2022. Second, we analyzed the clinical features of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine‐associated TM cases reported in VigiBase.ResultsTM was significantly associated both with the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)‐based (n = 364; IC025 = 0.62) and vector‐based (n = 136; IC025 = 0.52) SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines that are authorized by the FDA or the EMA.ConclusionsFindings from this observational, cross‐sectional pharmacovigilance study showed that mRNA‐based and vector‐based FDA/EMA labeled SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines can be associated with TM. However, because TM remains a rare event, with a previously reported rate of 0.28 cases per 1 million vaccine doses, the risk–benefit ratio in favor of vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus remains unchallenged. Rather, this study suggests that clinicians should consider the diagnosis of TM in patients presenting with early signs of spinal cord dysfunction after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1080–1089
Experimental investigation of the strength characteristics of low‐temperature fouling containing ammonium bisulfate in boilers
Authors: Tang Congwei , Zhang Jiakai , Wang Wenhuan , Sun Xiaoli , Pan Weiguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLow‐temperature fouling is a severe problem in the heat recovery devices of coal‐fired boilers; it is mainly caused by the condensation of ammonium bisulfate (ABS, NH4HSO4) and is usually challenging to remove with soot‐blowing equipment. This study investigates the strength of low‐temperature fouling containing ABS, which is an essential indicator in soot blowing. The ash sample containing ABS with three different mass ratios was heated in a drop tube furnace (DTF) at several selected temperature conditions for different times. The compressive strength of ash blocks after heating was measured, and the energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to clarify the relationship between ABS content with fouling strength. The results show that the higher content of ABS means higher fouling strength. The fouling strength could decrease by heating the fouling under the flue gas temperature is 350°C or more, and a higher heating temperature could result in lower strength of the fouling. To reduce the strength and maximize the removal of fouling effectively, taking into account the economy, the recommended heating condition is to heat the fouling for 5–20 min at a minimum temperature of 350°C.
Design of bionic tire tread compounds with pit structures and the improvement mechanism of wear and wet grip resistance
Authors: Mao Chunyu , Sun Yanhong , Yang Xiaodong , Lv Shuwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWear resistance and wet grip resistance are the main properties of tires, but they are often contradictory and difficult to synergize. In this paper, drawing on the bionics concept, the bionic topography of the pits was introduced into the design of the tread rubber structure, and the synergistic improvement mechanism of the tire tread rubber with the bionic pit structures was explored. The overall performance improvement of tread compounds provided a new approach. The research showed that the designed high wear resistance tire tread compounds W2 had the best wear resistance, and the high wet grip resistance tire tread compounds S3 had the best‐wet grip resistance. When the diameter of the bionic unit was 2.5 mm and the pit number was 6, the wear resistance rate of the sample was the highest (about 11.86%), and the wear amount was 70.6; the maximum wet friction coefficient of the sample sliding on the sandpaper surface and the smooth glass surface was 0.834 and 0.71, the corresponding wet grip resistance improvement rates were also 11.89% and 12.34%, respectively. Experiments have proved that the tire tread compounds with the bionic pit structures composed of W2S3 can effectively synergistically improve wet grip resistance and wear resistance.
Does social intolerance vary according to cognitive styles, genetic cognitive capacity, or education?
Authors: Saarinen Aino , Keltikangas‐Järvinen Liisa , Dobewall Henrik , Cloninger C. Robert , Ahola‐Olli Ari , Lehtimäki Terho , Hutri‐Kähönen Nina , Raitakari Olli , Rovio Suvi , Ravaja Niklas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundLow education, low cognitive abilities, and certain cognitive styles are suggested to predispose to social intolerance and prejudices. Evidence is, however, restricted by comparatively small samples, neglect of confounding variables and genetic factors, and a narrow focus on a single sort of prejudice. We investigated the relationships of education, polygenic cognitive potential, cognitive performance, and cognitive styles with social intolerance in adulthood over a 15‐year follow‐up.MethodsWe used data from the prospective population‐based Young Finns Study (n = 960‒1679). Social intolerance was evaluated with the Social Intolerance Scale in 1997, 2001, and 2011; cognitive performance with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery in 2011; cognitive styles in 1997; and socioeconomic factors in 1980 (childhood) and 2011 (adulthood); and polygenic cognitive potential was calculated based on genome‐wide association studies.ResultsWe found that nonrational thinking, polygenic cognitive potential, cognitive performance, or socioeconomic factors were not related to social intolerance. Regarding cognitive styles, low flexibility (B = –0.759, p < .001), high perseverance (B = 1.245, p < .001), and low persistence (B = –0.329, p < .001) predicted higher social intolerance consistently in the analyses.DiscussionWhen developing prejudice‐reduction interventions, it should be considered that educational level or cognitive performance may not be crucial for development of social intolerance. Adopting certain cognitive styles may play more important roles in development of social intolerance.
Füllstand in Flüssiggastanks messen
Authors: Böcekli Erdem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDie Radar‐Füllstandsmesstechnik ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil von Messsystemen für Tanks, die Flüssigerdgas (LNG), Autogas (LPG) oder andere Flüssiggase enthalten. Die Möglichkeit, genaue und zuverlässige Messungen des Flüssigkeitsfüllstands in großen und komplexen Tanks mit Sicherheitshülle zu erhalten, ist nicht nur für Zwecke der Bestandsverwaltung und des eichpflichtigen Verkehrs, sondern auch aus Sicherheitsgründen zum Vermeiden von überfüllungen von entscheidender Bedeutung
Damit es läuft wie geschmiert
Authors: Geier Manuel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDer Mehrwert von Schmierung zählt zu den häufig unterschätzten Aspekten in der Instandhaltung. Dabei kann mit einem zuverlässigkeitsorientierten Schmierprogramm (Reliability Centered Lubrication) unerwarteten Stillständen und deren kostspieligen Folgen vorgebeugt werden.
Titanium Complexes Bearing NNO‐Tridentate Ligands: Highly Active Olefin Polymerization Catalysts with Great Control on Molecular Weight and Distribution†
Authors: Tian Jiliang , Feng Wenzheng , Liu Shaofeng , Li Zhibo 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryA series of titanium amido complexes (1‐Ti(NMe2)2 to 4‐Ti(NMe2)2) bearing NNO‐tridentate ligands was synthesized from the reactions of phenoxy‐imine‐amine ligands with one equivalent of Ti(NMe2)4. Subsequently, titanium dichloride complexes (1‐TiCl2 to 4‐TiCl2) were prepared by treatment of titanium amido complexes with excess Me3SiCl in toluene. All metal complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of complexes of 2‐Ti(NMe2)2, 2‐TiCl2, and 4‐TiCl2 in the solid state were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Upon activation with MAO, titanium dichloride complexes as single‐site catalysts were extremely active toward ethylene homopolymerization with great control on molecular weight and distribution. In particular, 3‐TiCl2/MAO exhibited an activity as high as 1.35 × 108 g(PE)·mol−1(Ti)·h−1 at 70°C and produced polyethylene with high molecular weight (41.7 × 104 g∙mol−1) and very narrow distribution (Đ = 1.23). In the presence of 1‐octene as comonomer, linear low‐density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) with ultrahigh molecular weights (Mw = 136—326 × 104 g∙mol−1) and narrow distributions (Đ = 1.20—1.50) were successfully synthesized.
Universality for the Conjugate Gradient and MINRES Algorithms on Sample Covariance Matrices
Authors: Paquette Elliot , Trogdon Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe present a probabilistic analysis of two Krylov subspace methods for solving linear systems. We prove a central limit theorem for norms of the residual vectors that are produced by the conjugate gradient and MINRES algorithms when applied to a wide class of sample covariance matrices satisfying some standard moment conditions. The proof involves establishing a four‐moment theorem for the so‐called spectral measure, implying, in particular, universality for the matrix produced by the Lanczos iteration. The central limit theorem then implies an almost‐deterministic iteration count for the iterative methods in question. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence, and Safety of 2 Formulations of Hydroxychloroquine Tablets in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Luo Hong‐Yu , Long Hui‐Zhi , Zhou Zi‐Wei , Xu Shuo‐Guo , Li Feng‐Jiao , Cheng Yan , Wen Dan‐Dan , Deng Ping , Gao Li‐Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this trial was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence (BE), and safety of 2 preparations of hydroxychloroquine (200‐mg tablet) under fasting and fed conditions. A total of 180 subjects (fasting condition: n = 80; fed condition: n = 100) were randomly enrolled in this randomized, open, single‐dose, single‐cycle parallel phase Ⅰ clinical study. Under the 2 conditions, the subjects were randomly administered the test (T) or reference (R) tablet, both at a dose of 200 mg (1 tablet). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of hydroxychloroquine in healthy subjects after oral administration of the T or R preparation to evaluate the PK characteristics. In this trial, the T and R preparations of hydroxychloroquine were bioequivalent under both conditions within the range of 80%–125%. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were found in the safety assessments for either condition, and all adverse events (AEs) were mild, except for 2 moderate AEs in the fed condition, indicating good safety.
Effective Ligand Design: Zinc Complexes with Guanidine Hydroquinoline Ligands for Fast Lactide Polymerization and Chemical Recycling
Authors: Hermann Alina , Becker Tabea , Schäfer Martin A. , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Sonja Herres‐Pawlis at RWTH Aachen University. The image shows how the zinc guanidine complexes help a circular economy of bioplastics by mediating the ring‐opening polymerization of lactide and the depolymerization of polylactide (PLA). The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201075.
Broad Consent—Are We Asking Enough?
Authors: Smilan Lisa E. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTBiobanks and health data repositories provide rich reservoirs of information for use in biomedical research. These repositories depend on participants donating identifiable health data and biospecimens that may be used in perpetuity by unlimited numbers of researchers for unnamed research topics. Since 1991, U.S. federal regulatory provisions, collectively known as the Common Rule, have required informed consent of participants in federally funded human subjects research, but recent changes to the Common Rule now sanction “broad consent” in the repository research context. Broad consent is not defined in the revised Common Rule; thus, researchers and their institutions are left to determine ad hoc what broad consent means and requires. Without leadership and guidance from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, stakeholders with potential conflicts of interest will reach their own conclusions and craft new and varied standards for consent. The result will be uneven protections for participants.
Numerical study of piston group and crosshead guide system dynamics for a two‐stroke marine engine
Authors: Munyao Elijah Musango , Hu Yihuai , Jiang Jiawei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTwo stroke slow speed diesel engines are mainly used in deep sea going vessels such as container ships, bulk carriers, and tankers. In this article, a numerical model is developed and solved to relate impact occurrence and magnitude on engine structure to rigid body tribodynamics of the crosshead guide system for a two‐stroke marine engine. To achieve this, the reciprocating piston group is coupled to the crosshead guide shoes through the crosshead guide pin. The resulting second order nonlinear differential equations are solved for displacements, velocities, and friction characteristics of the system. The rigid body motions are important in identifying occurrences and the intensities of transient impacts between contacting surfaces. These impacts influence noise and vibration characteristics of the engine. A study of the coupled system at different engine running speeds as well as varying crosshead guide system clearances is performed. It is observed that secondary displacements, velocities, and friction characteristics increase with increase in speed and clearance on the crosshead guide system. Consequently, the impact on the engine structure increase with increase in these tribodynamic characteristics of the system. This impact is transferred to the engine surface as vibration and noise responses.
Ruthenium single‐atom modulated Ti3C2Tx MXene for efficient alkaline electrocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zou Yu , Kazemi Seyedeh Alieh , Shi Ge , Liu Junxian , Yang Yuwei , Bedford Nicholas M. , Fan Kaicai , Xu Yiming , Fu Huaiqin , Dong Mengyang , Al‐Mamun Mohammad , Zhong Yu Lin , Yin Huajie , Wang Yun , Liu Porun , Zhao Huijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSingle‐atoms (SAs) supported on various substrates have emerged as a new form of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The exfoliated MXenes possess rich defects/vacancies and surface oxygen groups, can be favorably utilized to anchor SAs. Here, we take advantage of the exfoliated Ti3C2Tx to anchor Ru‐SAs on Ti3C2Tx through a wet‐chemistry impregnation process. The obtained RuSA@Ti3C2Tx possesses excellent HER activity, especially under high current densities. Remarkably, RuSA@Ti3C2Tx can readily attain high current densities of 1 and 1.5 A cm−2 at low over potentials of 425.7 and 464.6 mV, respectively, demonstrating its potential for practical applications. The A1g vibration frequency shift of the Raman spectrum is innovatively used to probe the surface OH coverage on Ti3C2Tx, providing critical information for mechanistic studies. The experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the superior HER electrocatalytic activity of RuSA@Ti3C2Tx results from the Ru‐SAs enhanced H2O adsorption and dissociation, and promoted H2 formation.image
Assessment of excessive vaginal discharge among women who presented to Phuentsholing General Hospital: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Dorjey Yeshey , Wangmo Dechen , Tshomo Dechen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionExcessive vaginal discharge is troublesome for females. The majority of the women seek gynecological consultation due to excessive vaginal discharge. The causes vary from physiological to pathological discharge. Unless the cause is identified and treated, women will remain in distress. The present study was thus carried out to determine the most common cause of the excessive vaginal discharge.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Phuentsholing General Hospital, Chukha, Bhutan, from May 1 to October 31, 2021. All females aged 18 years and older, irrespective of marital status, who presented with excessive vaginal discharge were recruited for the study. With due informed consent, a sterile speculum examination was performed and a high vaginal swab was collected and subjected to various tests. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Descriptive statistical tests were used for frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviations; the χ2 test was used to determine associations, and a logistic regression test was performed to determine the effect of independent variables on dependent variables.ResultsA total of 400 women were recruited for the study, of whom 362 (90.5%) women had infective causes for vaginal discharge. Trichomoniasis was the most common infection identified in 162 (40.5%) women, followed by bacterial vaginosis (91, 22.8%) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (52, 13.0%). In 38 (9.5%) women, infective cause was not found and categorized as physiological vaginal discharge. Malodorous, profuse discharge, vulval itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain were significantly associated with infectious vaginal discharge.ConclusionsExcessive vaginal discharge was mainly caused by infections. The most commonly detected infection was trichomoniasis, followed by bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Every female with vaginal discharge requires proper evaluations to identify the infection and treat it adequately.
An artificial bone window for long‐term photoacoustic monitoring of bone recovery
Authors: Li Baochen , Chen Qian , Xi Lei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBlood vessels that deliver nutrients and oxygen over the entire body is essential for bone homeostasis. Especially, for the bone recovery, long‐term in vivo vascular imaging is desirable. Here, we propose an optical and ultrasonic transparent bone window, which allows repeated, chronic monitoring of bone angiogenesis in mouse tibia defect. A metal ring with an outer diameter of 2 mm and an inner diameter of 1 mm is bonded with a silicone‐based polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film and cover the bone surface, which can effectively eliminate the inflammation caused by repeated wound opening before imaging. We make a bone defect model in mouse tibia, and employ an optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (ORPAM) to provide a high‐resolution, label‐free, long‐term, in vivo observation of the bone vascularization during the bone defect healing. The results suggest that the artificial bone window can remain stable for inspection and play positive role for bone repair.
An assessment of physical properties and the viability of osteoblast‐like cells of cefazolin‐impregnated calcium sulfate bone‐void filler
Authors: Chiang Chih‐Yung , Chang Wei‐Chia , Chang Wei‐Min , Shih Yin‐Chuan , Lin Feng‐Huei , Wu Chang‐Chin , Yang Kai‐Chiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCalcium sulfate, an injectable and biodegradable bone‐void filler, is widely used in orthopedic surgery. Based on clinical experience, bone‐defect substitutes can also serve as vehicles for the delivery of drugs, for example, antibiotics, to prevent or to treat infections such as osteomyelitis. However, antibiotic additions change the characteristics of calcium sulfate cement. Moreover, high‐dose antibiotics may also be toxic to bony tissues. Accordingly, cefazolin at varying weight ratios was added to calcium sulfate samples and characterized in vitro. The results revealed that cefazolin changed the hydration reaction and prolonged the initial setting times of calcium sulfate bone cement. For the crystalline structure identification, X‐ray diffractometer revealed that cefazolin additive resulted in the decrease of peak intensity corresponding to calcium sulfate dihydrate which implying incomplete phase conversion of calcium sulfate hemihydrate. In addition, scanning electron microscope inspection exhibited cefazolin changed the morphology and size of the crystals greatly. A relatively higher amount of cefazolin additive caused a faster degradation and a lower compressive strength of calcium sulfate compared with those of uploaded samples. Furthermore, the extract of cefazolin‐impregnated calcium sulfate impaired cell viability, and caused the death of osteoblast‐like cells. The results of this study revealed that the cefazolin additives prolonged setting time, impaired mechanical strength, accelerated degradation, and caused cytotoxicity of the calcium sulfate bone‐void filler. The aforementioned concerns should be considered during intra‐operative applications.
Structure and bonding of proximity‐enforced main‐group dimers stabilized by a rigid naphthyridine diimine ligand
Authors: Weiser Jonas , Cui Jingjing , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger , Engels Bernd , Fantuzzi Felipe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of ligands capable of effectively stabilizing highly reactive main‐group species has led to the experimental realization of a variety of systems with fascinating properties. In this work, we computationally investigate the electronic, structural, energetic, and bonding features of proximity‐enforced group 13–15 homodimers stabilized by a rigid expanded pincer ligand based on the 1,8‐naphthyridine (napy) core. We show that the redox‐active naphthyridine diimine (NDI) ligand enables a wide variety of structural motifs and element‐element interaction modes, the latter ranging from isolated, element‐centered lone pairs (e.g., E = Si, Ge) to cases where through‐space π bonds (E = Pb), element‐element multiple bonds (E = P, As) and biradical ground states (E = N) are observed. Our results hint at the feasibility of NDI‐E2species as viable synthetic targets, highlighting the versatility and potential applications ofnapy‐based ligands in main‐group chemistry.