bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusión y migraciones: intervenciones educativas desde la sociedad civil
Authors: Ramírez-Iñiguez Alma Arcelia 
Published: June 2022

Se analizan las alternativas educativas que, desde las organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC), se han generado para atender y mejorar la calidad de vida de niñas, niños y adolescentes migrantes. La metodología consistió en un análisis de contenido cualitativo de carácter inductivo, a partir del cual se identificaron los factores que han favorecido el desarrollo personal y social de esta población. Los resultados muestran que las estrategias de intervención se centran en tres aspectos: el compromiso por el bienestar de la población migrante, las estrategias de atención a la diversidad y las estrategias de evaluación continua.
Performance Optimization of the High-Pressure Compressor in Series Two-Stage Turbocharging System Based on Low-Speed Performance Requirements of Diesel Engine
Authors: Liang Dingkun , Yang Hanqian , Li Qingbin , Xu Cheng , Xie Qiuyuan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The performance of the high-pressure (HP) compressor is very important for the two-stage turbocharging system. However, the performance of HP compressor on the engine most of the time is poor at low speed and low mass flow conditions. These will lead to poor engine performance at low engine speed. The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of the HP compressor at low speed and low mass flow conditions. The Latin hypercube design of the experiment method is used to establish the Kriging model and global optimization by multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II to optimal HP compressor. The simulation results indicated that the flow field within the compressor was improved and the high entropy generation area was reduced. The new design delayed the mixing between the tip clearance leakage vortex flow and main flow. The low-speed performance of the HP compressor was improved. The turbocharger gas stand tests and engine bench tests were carried out. The results showed that the efficiency and pressure ratio of the optimized design is increased by 2.1% and 3%, respectively. The engine achieved better performance in low-speed conditions. The pumping means effective pressure (PMEP) and intake airflow increased by 7% and 4.98%, respectively, while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and soot emissions decreased by 0.56% and 32.8%, respectively.
Off-Design Performance Comparison Between Single and Two-Shaft Engines Part 1—Fixed Geometry
Authors: Nikolaidis Theoklis , Pellegrini Alvise , Saravanamuttoo Herbert I. H. , Aslanidou Ioanna , Kalfas Anestis , Pilidis Pericles 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper describes an investigation into the off-design performance comparison of single and two-shaft gas turbine engines. A question that has been asked for a long time is which gas turbine delivers a better thermal efficiency at part load. The authors, notwithstanding their intensive searches, were unable to find a comprehensive answer to this question. A detailed investigation was carried out using a state-of-the-art performance evaluation method and the answer was found to be: It depends! In this work, the performance of two engine configurations is assessed. In the first one, the single-shaft gas turbine operates at constant shaft rotational speed. Thus, the shape of the compressor map rotational speed line will have an important influence on the performance of the engine. To explore the implications of the shape of the speed line, two single-shaft cases are examined. The first case is when the speed line is curved and as the compressor pressure ratio falls, the nondimensional mass flow increases. The second case is when the speed line is vertical and as the compressor pressure ratio falls, the nondimensional mass flow remains constant. In the second configuration, the two-shaft engine, the two shafts can be controlled to operate at different rotational speeds and also varying relationships between the rotational speeds. The part-load operation is characterized by a reduction in the gas generator rotational speed. The tool, which was used in this study, is a 0-D whole engine simulation tool, named Turbomatch. It was developed at Cranfield and it is based on mass and energy balance, carried out through an iterative method, which is based on component maps. These generic, experimentally derived maps are scaled to match the design point of a particular engine before an off-design calculation is performed. The code has been validated against experimental data elsewhere, it has been used extensively for academic purposes and the research activities that have taken place at Cranfield University. For an ideal cycle, the single-shaft engine was found to be a clear winner in terms of part-load thermal efficiency. However, this picture changed when realistic component maps were utilized. The basic cycle and the shape of component maps had a profound influence on the outcome. The authors explored the influence of speed line shapes, levels of component efficiencies, and the variation of these component efficiencies within the operating range. This paper describes how each one of these factors, individually, influences the outcome.
Allelic Polymorphism of Anthrax Pathogenicity Factor Genes as a Means of Estimating Microbiological Risks Associated with Climate Change
Authors: Goncharova Y. O. , Bogun A. G. , Bahtejeva I. V. , Titareva G. M. , Mironova R. I. , Kravchenko T. B. , Ostarkov N. A. , Brushkov A. V. , Timofeev V. S. , Ignatov S. G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Climate change brings new risks of emergence of especially dangerous diseases. The paper reports the possibility of assessing the pathogenic potential of bacteria as demonstrated by studying the allelic polymorphism of anthrax bacterium pathogenicity factor genes, which is a prerequisite for assessing the associated microbiological risks. The allelic polymorphism of the capBCADE operon (capB, capC, capA, capD, and capE genes) encoding the capsule biosynthesis proteins of Bacillus anthracis, and the acpA and acpB genes encoding the expression regulators of this operon have been studied for the first time. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were described in the strains of the studied sample, including 5 SNPs in the capB gene, 3 in capC, 4 in capA, 14 in capD, 2 in capE, and 15 in acpB, as well as 7 SNPs and one insertion in the acpA gene. As a result, the sample has been divided into sequence types for each gene and 17 genotypes, which are combinations of the identified sequence types. In silico translation of the detected alleles of the studied genes revealed three isoforms of the CapB and CapA proteins, two isoforms of the CapC and CapE proteins, six isoforms of the CapD protein, five isoforms of the AcpA protein, and four isoforms in the AcpB protein. It has been demonstrated that the SNP in the 351A → G position of capC is a marker of A.Br.Aust94 group strains. Based on the results, A.Br.Vollum group strains were divided into two subgroups. The strains in the evolutionary lines B and C differed from the line A strains by the presence of an 853G → A SNP in the acpA gene. In addition, a previously unknown variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), has been found in the acpA gene and the possibility of using it for differentiating and genotyping of B. anthracis strains has been demonstrated.
Systematic review on the measurement properties of diabetes-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for measuring physical functioning in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Elsman Ellen B M , Mokkink Lidwine B , Langendoen-Gort Marlous , Rutters Femke , Beulens Joline , Elders Petra J M , Terwee Caroline B 
Published: June 2022

We aimed to systematically assess the measurement properties of diabetes-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for measuring physical functioning, one of the core outcomes, in adults with type 2 diabetes.We performed a systematic literature search for PROMs or subscales measuring physical function that were validated to at least some extent in EMBASE and MEDLINE. Measurement properties were evaluated according to the COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of PROMs.In total 21 articles were included, describing 12 versions of 7 unique diabetes-specific PROMs or subscales measuring physical functioning. In general, there were few high-quality studies on measurement properties of PROMs measuring physical functioning in adults with type 2 diabetes. The Dependence/Daily Life subscale of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale—Short Form (DFS-SF) and the Impact of Weight on Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (IWADL) were most extensively evaluated. Both had sufficient ratings for aspects of content validity, although with mostly very low-quality evidence. Sufficient ratings for structural validity, internal consistency, and reliability were also found for both instruments, but responsiveness was rated inconsistent for both instruments. The other PROMs or subscales often had insufficient aspects of content validity, or their unidimensionality could not be confirmed.This systematic review showed that the Dependence/Daily Life subscale of the DFS-SF and the IWADL could be used to measure physical functioning in people with type 2 diabetes in research or clinical practice, while keeping the limitations of these instruments in mind. The measurement properties that have not been evaluated extensively for these PROMs should be evaluated in future studies.The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database, number CRD42021234890.
First in-human modified atrial septostomy combining radiofrequency ablation and balloon dilation
Authors: Yan Chaowu , Wan Linyuan , Li Hua , Wang Cheng , Guo Tingting , Niu Hanxu , Li Shiguo , Yundan Pingcuo , Wang Lei , Fang Wei 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivePreclinical research suggests that the combined use of radiofrequency ablation and balloon dilation (CURB) could create stable interatrial communications without device implantation. This study examined the first in-human use of CURB for modified atrial septostomy in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsBetween July 2018 and October 2021, CURB was performed in 19 patients with severe PAH (age: 31.5±9.1 years; mean pulmonary artery pressure: 73 mm Hg (IQR: 66–92); pulmonary vascular resistance: 18.7 Wood units (IQR: 17.8–23.3)). Under guidance of intracardiac echocardiography and three-dimensional location system, (1) fossae ovalis was reconstructed and ablated point-by-point with radiofrequency; (2) then graded balloon dilation was performed after transseptal puncture and the optimal size was determined according to the level of arterial oxygen saturation (SatO2); (3) radiofrequency ablation was repeated around the rims of the created fenestration. The interatrial fenestrations were followed-up serially.ResultsAfter CURB, the immediate fenestration size was 4.4 mm (IQR: 4.1–5.1) with intracardiac echocardiography, systolic aortic pressure increased by 10.2±6.9 mm Hg, cardiac index increased by 0.7±0.3 L/min/m2and room-air resting SatO2 decreased by 6.2±1.9% (p<0.001). One patient experienced increased pericardiac effusion postoperatively; the others had no complications. On follow-up (median: 15.5 months), all interatrial communications were patent with stable size (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.96, 95%CI:0.89 to 0.99). The WHO functional class increased by 1 (IQR: 1–2) (p<0.001) with improvement of exercise capacity (+159.5 m, P<0.001).ConclusionThe interatrial communications created with CURB in patients with severe PAH were stable and the mid-term outcomes were satisfactory.Trial registration numberNCT03554330.
Reaction of bis(dialkylphosphino)amines R2PNHPR2 (R = i-Pr, t-Bu, Ph) with halogens X2 (X = Cl, Br, I): different solvents – different stories
Authors: Riley Robert D. , Robertson Katherine N. , Clyburne Jason A.C. 
Published: June 2022

The bis(dialkylphosphino)amines R2PNHPR2 react with elemental halogens X2 in dichloromethane to produce cationic products of the general form [(R)2P(X)-N-(R)2P(X)]+ (R = i-Pr, Ph, and t-Bu; X = Cl, Br, and I). All of the nine possible products have been isolated and characterized using X-ray diffraction. The dichloro compounds crystallize as [HCl2]− salts, while the dibromo and diiodo products have been isolated as trihalides, [X3]−. A number of these compounds have been shown to react further with methanol to produce salts containing [(R)2P(OCH3)N(R)2P(OCH3)]+ cations, some of which have also been characterized using X-ray crystallography. The conversion of [(Ph)2P(I)-N-(Ph)2P(I)][I3] to [(Ph)2P(OCH3)-N-(Ph)2P(OCH3)][I3] was monitored using 31P NMR spectroscopy that revealed a stepwise reaction of the former compound with methanol. The results are discussed within the context of coupled reactions; this is then used to rationalize a mechanism for the formation of a rare catenated bismuth compound we reported previously. We suggest that the formation of the weak Bi–Bi bonds is offset by a coupled or a connected reaction mechanism , involving an irreversible reaction forming strong P–OR bonds in another of the isolated products.
Investigation of Multiscaled Pore Structure of Gas Shales using Nitrogen Adsorption and FE-SEM Imaging Experiments
Authors: Zheng Aiwei , Bao Hanyong , Liu Li , Tu Mingkai , Hu Changpeng , Yang Lei 
Published: June 2022

Nanopore in shales is the place for hydrocarbon accumulation and migration. However, there is a lack of understanding of the nanopore structure with regard to their ultratight and multiscaled nature. Here, the porous morphology of gas shales from the Sichuan Basin of China was investigated using field emission-scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM) with high resolution. Low-pressure nitrogen adsorption experiments at 77 K were conducted to obtain the adsorption-desorption isotherms, BET-specific surface area, pore size distribution, pore volume, and average pore diameter values. Research results show that pores of the studied shales are at the nanometer scale, and the average pore diameter is between 3 and 5 nm. The pore structure of these shales is complicated, which is not only predominately mesopores (pore diameter at 2–50 nm) but also some micropores (

pore

diameter
<
2

nm

) and macropores (

pore

diameter
>
50

nm

). The specific surface area of shales ranges from 13 to 30 m2/g. The micropore volume and mesopore volume occupy the total pore volume highly up to 77%–92%, which indicates that micropores and mesopores are the main storage place for shale gas. Through the analysis of adsorption isotherms and hysteretic loops, there are mainly two kinds of pores in shales, including ink-bottle-like pores and slit pores. Micropores of these shales are mainly related to organic matter, while macropores are mainly related to clay minerals. The estimation about porosity using the combined physical model shows that organic matter and clay minerals contribute about 50% and 33% to the porosity of these shales, respectively.
Telomerase inhibition by retinoids precedes cytodifferentiation of leukemia cells and may contribute to terminal differentiation
Authors: Liu Liang , Berletch Joel B. , Green Jessica G. , Pate Mitchell S. , Andrews Lucy G. , Tollefsbol Trygve O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells display high telomerase activity, a phenotype related to their immortal status. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a clinically effective cytodifferentiating agent. To understand the mechanism underlying ATRA-induced cytodifferentiation, we did a kinetic analysis of the role of ATRA in inhibiting telomerase in HL60 cells. Our studies indicate that telomerase inhibition by ATRA occurred relatively early after treatment of HL60 cells due to a rapid decrease in hTERT gene expression. More importantly, however, we found through monitoring the expression of CD11b, a marker for granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells, that down-regulation of telomerase preceded the differentiation of HL60 cells. These observations suggest that the hTERT gene may be a primary target of ATRA regulation of cellular differentiation and the antileukemia activity of ATRA may be mediated by its ability to induce the differentiation of the promyelocytic leukemia cells through down-regulation of the hTERT gene.
Retinoid X receptor-γ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression predicts thyroid carcinoma cell response to retinoid and thiazolidinedione treatment
Authors: Klopper Joshua P. , Hays William R. , Sharma Vibha , Baumbusch Margaret A. , Hershman Jerome M. , Haugen Bryan R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Poorly differentiated, metastatic thyroid cancer is difficult to treat. These tumors often do not concentrate radioactive iodine and may require chemotherapy, which is suboptimal and toxic. Nuclear hormone receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) are variably expressed in thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Expression of these receptors may predict thyroid cancer cell response to treatment with rexinoids and thiazolidinediones. We studied three thyroid carcinoma cell lines: BHP 5-16 (PPARγ−/RXRγ+), BHP 2-7 (PPARγ±/RXRγ−), and DRO-90 (RXRγ+/PPARγ+). BHP 5-16 (RXRγ+) cells treated with rexinoid had decreased proliferation to 69 ± 6% growth compared with vehicle. BHP 2-7 (PPARγ+) cells treated with thiazolidinedione had no decrease in cellular proliferation. DRO-90 (RXRγ+ and PPARγ+) cells had 36 ± 10%, 15 ± 3%, and 13 ± 4% growth when treated with rexinoid, thiazolidinedione, or a combination, respectively. We next investigated the role of apoptosis in the ligand-responsive BHP 5-16 and DRO-90 cells. BHP 5-16 cells underwent no significant apoptosis with rexinoid (1 μmol/L). DRO-90 cells, however, had 3.6 ± 1.3% apoptotic cells with vehicle, 13 ± 3.5% with rexinoid (1 μmol/L), 18 ± 4% with thiazolidinedione (1 μmol/L), and 28 ± 6% with combination treatment (1 μmol/L), suggesting that apoptosis plays a major role in this anaplastic cell line and that the effects of the two ligands are additive. We conclude that receptor expression is necessary for inhibition of thyroid carcinoma growth with ligand treatment but may not be sufficient for response. Additionally, expression of both RXRγ and PPARγ may be necessary for maximal growth inhibition by ligands and may be required for the increased apoptosis.
Disulfiram inhibits activating transcription factor/cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein and human melanoma growth in a metal-dependent manner in vitro, in mice and in a patient with metastatic disease
Authors: Brar Sukhdev S. , Grigg Claude , Wilson Kimberly S. , Holder Walter D. , Dreau Didier , Austin Catherine , Foster Mareva , Ghio Andrew J. , Whorton A. Richard , Stowell Grayson W. , Whittall Linda B. , Whittle Robert R. , White David P. , Kennedy Thomas P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The thiocarbamate alcoholism drug disulfiram blocks the P-glycoprotein extrusion pump, inhibits the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, sensitizes tumors to chemotherapy, reduces angiogenesis, and inhibits tumor growth in mice. Thiocarbamates react with critical thiols and also complex metal ions. Using melanoma as the paradigm, we tested whether disulfiram might inhibit growth by forming mixed disulfides with critical thiols in a mechanism facilitated by metal ions. Disulfiram given to melanoma cells in combination with Cu2+ or Zn2+ decreased expression of cyclin A and reduced proliferation in vitro at lower concentrations than disulfiram alone. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, disulfiram decreased transcription factor binding to the cyclic AMP-responsive element in a manner potentiated by Cu2+ ions and by the presence of glutathione, suggesting that thiocarbamates might disrupt transcription factor binding by inducing S-glutathionylation of the transcription factor DNA binding region. Disulfiram inhibited growth and angiogenesis in melanomas transplanted in severe combined immunodeficient mice, and these effects were potentiated by Zn2+ supplementation. The combination of oral zinc gluconate and disulfiram at currently approved doses for alcoholism also induced &gt;50% reduction in hepatic metastases and produced clinical remission in a patient with stage IV metastatic ocular melanoma, who has continued on oral zinc gluconate and disulfiram therapy for 53 continuous months with negligible side effects. These findings present a novel strategy for treating metastatic melanoma by employing an old drug toward a new therapeutic use.
Differential sensitivity of cancer cells to docosahexaenoic acid–induced cytotoxicity: The potential importance of down-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 expression
Authors: Ding Wei-Qun , Vaught Joshua L. , Yamauchi Hanako , Lind Stuart E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oil, exerts cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Although DHA was toxic toward five human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SiHa, Raji, and DHL-4), the lines were not uniformly sensitive. DHL-4, a bcl-2 overexpressing lymphoid line, was the most sensitive (IC50, 5.2 μmol/L) and the cervical cancer cell line, SiHa, was the most resistant (IC50, &gt;300 μmol/L). Lipid peroxidation has been cited by others as an important component of DHA toxicity, and we confirmed that vitamin E prevents the cytotoxic effects of DHA. Lipid peroxidation was greater following DHA treatment of the sensitive DHL-4 cells than in the resistant SiHa cells, as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance generation. DHL-4 cells treated with DHA for 20 hours showed a 3.5-fold increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, whereas SiHa cells showed no increase. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis detected a down-regulation of the expression of the major antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1, in DHL-4 cells but not in SiHa cells after DHA treatment. Knockdown of SOD1 expression in SiHa cells with small interfering RNA significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity on exposure to DHA. These results show that DHL-4 cells are highly sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of DHA and that regulation of SOD1 expression may play an important role in determining the sensitivity of different tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of DHA.
Brain tumor cell lines resistant to O6-benzylguanine/1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea chemotherapy have O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase mutations
Authors: Bacolod Manny D. , Johnson Stewart P. , Pegg Anthony E. , Dolan M. Eileen , Moschel Robert C. , Bullock Nancy S. , Fang Qingming , Colvin O. Michael , Modrich Paul , Bigner Darell D. , Friedman Henry S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The chemotherapeutic activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU or carmustine) may be improved by the addition of O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG). The reaction of O6-BG with O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) prevents the repair of O6-chloroethyl lesions caused by BCNU. In clinics, the combination of O6-BG and BCNU is now being tested for the treatment of brain tumors. However, the effectiveness of this drug regimen may be limited by drug resistance acquired during treatment. To understand the possible mechanisms of resistance of brain tumor cells to the O6-BG/BCNU combination, we generated medulloblastoma cell lines (D283 MED, D341 MED, and Daoy) resistant to the combination of O6-BG and BCNU [O6-BG/BCNU resistant (OBR)]. DNA sequencing showed that all of the parent cell lines express wild-type AGTs, whereas every OBR cell line exhibited mutations that potentially affected the binding of O6-BG to the protein as evidenced previously by in vitro mutagenesis and structural studies of AGT. The D283 MED (OBR), Daoy (OBR), and D341 MED (OBR) cell lines expressed G156C, Y114F, and K165T AGT mutations, respectively. We reported previously that rhabdomyosarcoma TE-671 (OBR) also expresses a G156C mutation. These data suggest that the clonal selection of AGT mutants during treatment with O6-BG plus an alkylator may produce resistance to this intervention in clinical settings.