bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Nitrogen Deposition Induces Phosphorus Limitation of Aquatic, But Not Terrestrial, Decomposition
Authors: Simon Kevin S. , Anderson Dennis S. , Fernandez Ivan J. , Norton Stephen A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElevated deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (N) has shifted nutrient availability in terrestrial and aquatic habitats of ecosystems, but rarely are ecosystem processes in those components examined simultaneously. We used a multi-decadal, whole, paired watershed experiment to determine how chronic N enrichment with (NH4)2SO4 alters litter decomposition in terrestrial and stream systems. We also used short-term phosphorus (P) enrichment experiments within both watersheds to determine whether chronic N enrichment enhances P limitation of decomposition. Leaves from N-treated and reference watersheds were used in a reciprocal design to parse effects of altered nutrient availability in leaves and in the environment. We found divergent responses of terrestrial and stream decomposition to altered nutrient regimes. Chronic experimental N enrichment increased N and P concentrations in post-abscission leaves which decayed faster than leaves from the reference watershed in the terrestrial environment. Experimental N enrichment also did not induce P limitation of terrestrial decomposition. In contrast, litter decomposition rate in the two streams was not enhanced by elevated N in stream water or by altered leaf chemistry. Instead, chronic experimental N enrichment shifted decomposition in streams from co-limitation to strong P limitation. Microbial respiration and extracellular enzyme production responded to altered nutrient availability in a manner consistent with resource allocation models. Divergent responses of terrestrial and aquatic decomposition to elevated N deposition likely arise from differences in water bioavailability. Our work highlights the value of simultaneously considering ecosystem processes in terrestrial and aquatic systems to understand the consequences of integrated landscape processes operating on large spatial scales.
Preliminary report of de novo adipogenesis using novel bioabsorbable implants and image evaluation using a porcine model
Authors: Ogino Shuichi , Yamada Atsushi , Kambe Yusuke , Nakano Takashi , Lee Sunghee , Sakamoto Michiharu , Kato Yuki , Okumura Saki , Okano Junko , Yamauchi Koji , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Yamaoka Tetsuji , Morimoto Naoki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOur bioabsorbable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) mesh implants containing collagen sponge are replaced with adipose tissue after implantation, and this is an innovative method for breast reconstruction. In this preliminary study, we investigated the formation of adipose tissue and evaluated the process via multimodal images in a porcine model using an implant aggregate to generate the larger adipose tissue. The implant aggregate consists of PLLA mesh implants containing collagen sponge and a poly-glycolic acid woven bag covering them. We inserted the implant aggregates under the porcine mammary glands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasonography (USG), and 3-dimensional (3D) surface imaging and histological evaluations were performed to evaluate the formation of adipose tissue over time. The volume of the implant aggregate and the formed adipose tissue inside the implant aggregate could be evaluated over time via MRI. The space within the implant aggregate was not confirmed on USG due to the acoustic shadow of the PLLA threads. The change in volume was not confirmed precisely using 3D surface imaging. Histologically, the newly formed adipose tissue was confirmed on the skin side of the implant aggregate. This implant aggregate has the ability to regenerate adipose tissue, and MRI is an appropriate method for the evaluation of the volume of the implant aggregation and the formation of adipose tissue.
Sustainable alkali-activated binders with municipal solid waste incineration ashes as sand or fly ash replacement
Authors: Irshidat Mohammad R. , Al-Nuaimi Nasser , Rabie Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study investigates the feasibility of using two types of municipality solid wastes incineration ashes, namely, fly ash and bottom ash in the production of sustainable alkali-activated binder. The ashes are collected from the incineration plant and characterized to determine their particle size distribution, specific gravity, chemical composition, and heavy metals content. The ashes are then used as either fly ash or sand replacement with five replacement ratios 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% to produce the binder. The produced binder are characterized in terms of strength, workability, density, water absorption, thermal conductivity and stability, chemical composition, and heavy metals content. The results reflect the ability of producing sustainable alkali-activated binder with small dosage of MSWI ashes as either fly ash or sand replacement without negatively affecting its strength, workability, density, and water absorption. The ashes enhance the thermal insulation capability of the binder.
The future direction of pit lakes: part 1, Research needs
Authors: Schultze Martin , Vandenberg Jerry , McCullough Cherie D. , Castendyk Devin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPit lakes are common features of open pit mining and can present significant risks, and yet can also provide beneficial end use opportunities. Many processes that influence the magnitude of these risks and opportunities remains poorly understood, which presents a challenge to pit lake closure and management. In this two-part manuscript, four pit lake subject matter experts from Germany, Canada, Australia, and the USA recommend focus areas for researchers (Part 1) and strategies to structurally improve the practice of pit lake closure for mining industry regulators and corporate sustainability officers (Part 2). In this Part 1, we recommend nine research areas, organized by order of physico-chemical and ecological complexity, where greater understanding of fundamental pit lake processes would lead to improved pit lake management and reuse. Our intent is to guide the direction of emerging and future pit lake research by academic and industry research teams, with funding and oversight from industry and government.
Regulatory reform and banking diversity: reassessing Basel  3
Authors: Birindelli Giuliana , Ferretti Paola , Ferri Giovanni , Savioli Marco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether and how strongly Basel 3 chief innovations jointly affected in different ways individual Eurozone banks’ stability (z-score) across six business models (BMs). We study this issue in the initial years when adaptation was most intense (2011–2014) and the Eurozone underwent a phase with sovereign crises abated by ECB policies easing financial conditions. In parallel, we run this exercise over 2000–2010 data, a time frame over which Basel 3 did not apply yet to see through the eyes of the regulator. Irrespective of BMs, we identify the leverage ratio as the most effective driver of banks’ stability. However, the impact on z-score of Basel 3 chief drivers does not seem to differ significantly on 2011–2014 vs. 2000–2010. Next, interactions with banks’ BMs suggest that Basel 3 innovations improve z-scores the most at traditionally focused banks (cooperative and savings banks), vis-à-vis diversified banks. Our results suggest Basel regulatory decisions were questionable. First, the front loading of the increased minimum capital requirements vs. the backloading of the leverage ratio phasing in may have lured banks from credit to financial assets. Second, our findings support the desirability of revising the current “one-size-fits-all” European prudential framework, which disregards BMs.
Generalised Bianchi permutability for isothermic surfaces
Authors: Cho Joseph , Leschke Katrin , Ogata Yuta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIsothermic surfaces are surfaces which allow a conformal curvature line parametrisation. They form an integrable system, and Darboux transforms of isothermic surfaces obey Bianchi permutability: for two distinct spectral parameters, the corresponding Darboux transforms have a common Darboux transform which can be computed algebraically. In this paper, we discuss two-step Darboux transforms with the same spectral parameter, and show that these are obtained by a Sym-type construction: All two-step Darboux transforms of an isothermic surface are given, without further integration, by parallel sections of the associated family of the isothermic surface, either algebraically or by differentiation against the spectral parameter.
Ranking the direct threats to biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Leisher Craig , Robinson Nathaniel , Brown Matthew , Kujirakwinja Deo , Schmitz Mauricio Castro , Wieland Michelle , Wilkie David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa receives large investments in biodiversity conservation, and if these investments can be concentrated on the highest threats to biodiversity, the benefits to conservation from the investments would increase. Yet there is no available prioritization of the many direct threats to biodiversity to inform organizations developing sub-Saharan or sub-regional conservation strategies. Consequently, regional investments by funders of biodiversity conservation such as international conservation organizations, foundations, and bilateral and multilateral donors may be suboptimal. The objective of this study was to determine what are the highest direct threats to biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa and its sub-regions. To do this, we collected threat data using standardized IUCN threat categories from a Delphi consensus of sub-Saharan Africa biodiversity experts, known threats to IUCN Red-listed sub-Saharan African species, and National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans from 40 sub-Saharan African countries. After averaging the threat ranking from the three sources, the highest threats were: (1) annual and perennial crops (non-timber); (2) fishing and harvesting aquatic resources in marine and freshwater areas; (3) logging and wood harvesting in natural forests; and (4) hunting and collecting terrestrial animals. The highest-ranked sub-regional threats were hunting in Central Africa and agriculture in East Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa. Aligning biodiversity investments to address these threats and tailoring activities to reflect local socio-ecological contexts would increase the conservation of biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa.
A comparative evaluation and analysis of three generations of Distributional Semantic Models
Authors: Lenci Alessandro , Sahlgren Magnus , Jeuniaux Patrick , Cuba Gyllensten Amaru , Miliani Martina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDistributional semantics has deeply changed in the last decades. First, predict models stole the thunder from traditional count ones, and more recently both of them were replaced in many NLP applications by contextualized vectors produced by neural language models. Although an extensive body of research has been devoted to Distributional Semantic Model (DSM) evaluation, we still lack a thorough comparison with respect to tested models, semantic tasks, and benchmark datasets. Moreover, previous work has mostly focused on task-driven evaluation, instead of exploring the differences between the way models represent the lexical semantic space. In this paper, we perform a large-scale evaluation of type distributional vectors, either produced by static DSMs or obtained by averaging the contextualized vectors generated by BERT. First of all, we investigate the performance of embeddings in several semantic tasks, carrying out an in-depth statistical analysis to identify the major factors influencing the behavior of DSMs. The results show that (i) the alleged superiority of predict based models is more apparent than real, and surely not ubiquitous and (ii) static DSMs surpass BERT representations in most out-of-context semantic tasks and datasets. Furthermore, we borrow from cognitive neuroscience the methodology of Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA) to inspect the semantic spaces generated by distributional models. RSA reveals important differences related to the frequency and part-of-speech of lexical items.
In vitro behaviour of human gingival fibroblasts cultured on 3D-printed titanium alloy with hydrogenated TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Guo Yatong , Wang Xin , Wang Caiyun , Chen Su 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelective laser melting (SLM), as one of the most common 3D-printed technologies, can form personalized implants, which after further surface modification can obtain excellent osseointegration. To study the surface properties of SLM titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) with hydrogenated titanium dioxide (TiO2)nanotubes (TNTs) and its influence on the biological behaviour of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), we used SLM to prepare 3D-printed titanium alloy samples (3D-Ti), which were electrochemically anodizing to fabricate 3D-TNTs and then further hydrogenated at high temperature to obtain 3D-H2-TNTs. Polished cast titanium alloy (MP-Ti) was used as the control group. The surface morphology, hydrophilicity and roughness of MP-Ti, 3D-Ti, 3D-TNTs and 3D-H2-TNTs were measured and analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle metre, surface roughness measuring instrument and atomic force microscope, respectively. HGFs were cultured on the four groups of samples, and the cell morphology was observed by SEM. Fluorescence staining (DAPI) was used to observe the number of adhered cell nuclei, while a cell counting kit (CCK-8) was used to detect the early adhesion and proliferation of HGFs. Fluorescence quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression of adhesion-related genes and fibronectin (FN), respectively. The results of this in vitro comparison study indicated that electrochemical anodic oxidation and high-temperature hydrogenation can form a superhydrophilic micro-nano composite morphology on the surface of SLM titanium alloy, which can promote both the early adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and improve the expression of cell adhesion-related genes and fibronectin.
On Self-Similar Bernstein Functions and Corresponding Generalized Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Kern Peter , Lage Svenja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe use the theory of Bernstein functions to analyze power law tail behavior with log-periodic perturbations which corresponds to self-similarity of the Bernstein functions. Such tail behavior appears in the context of semistable Lévy processes. The Bernstein approach enables us to solve some open questions concerning semi-fractional derivatives recently introduced in Kern et al. (Fract Calc Appl Anal 22(2):326–357, 2019) by means of the generators of certain semistable Lévy processes. In particular, it is shown that semi-fractional derivatives can be seen as generalized fractional derivatives in the sense of Kochubei (Integr Equ Oper Theory 71:583–600, 2011) and generalized fractional derivatives can be constructed by means of arbitrary Bernstein functions vanishing at the origin.
Procedural modeling of plant ecosystems maximizing vegetation cover
Authors: Gasch Cristina , Sotoca José Martínez , Chover Miguel , Remolar Inmaculada , Rebollo Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVegetation plays a major role in the realistic display of outdoor scenes. However, manual plant placement can be tedious. For this reason this paper presents a new proposal in the field of procedural modeling of natural scenes. This method creates plant ecosystems that maximizes the covered space by optimizing an objective function subject to a series of constraints defined by a system of inequalities. This system includes the constraints of the environment taking into account characteristics of the terrain and the plant species involved. Once the inequality system has been defined, a solution will be obtained that tries to maximize the radius of the projected area of the trees and therefore the extension of the vegetation cover on the ground. The technique eliminates the trees that do not achieve a minimum growth radius, simulating the typical competitive process of nature. Results show the good performance and the high visual quality of the ecosystems obtained by the proposed technique. The use of this kind of optimization techniques could be used to solve other procedural modeling problems in other fields of application.
Sky Brightness Evaluation at Concordia Station, Dome C, Antarctica, for Ground-Based Observations of the Solar Corona
Authors: Liberatore Alessandro , Capobianco Gerardo , Fineschi Silvano , Massone Giuseppe , Zangrilli Luca , Susino Roberto , Nicolini Gianalfredo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evaluation of sky characteristics plays a fundamental role for many astrophysical experiments and ground-based observations. In solar physics, the main requirement for such observations is a very low sky brightness value, less than $10^{-6}$

10

−
6

of the solar disk brightness ($\mathrm{B}_{\odot }$

B
⊙

). Few places match such a requirement for ground-based, out-of-eclipse coronagraphic measurements. One of these places is, for instance, the Mauna Loa Observatory ($\approx 3400~\mbox{m}$
≈
3400

m
a.s.l.). Another candidate coronagraphic site is the Dome C plateau in Antarctica. In this article, we show the first results of the sky brightness measurements at Dome C with the Extreme Solar Coronagraphy Antarctic Program Experiment (ESCAPE) at the Italian–French Concordia Station, on Dome C, Antarctica ($\approx 3300~\mbox{m}$
≈
3300

m
a.s.l.) during the 34th and 35th summer Campaigns of the Italian Piano Nazionale Ricerche Antartiche (PNRA). The sky brightness measurements were carried out with the internally occulted Antarctic coronagraph AntarctiCor. In optimal atmospheric conditions the sky brightness of Dome C has reached values of the order of 1.0 – $0.7 \times 10^{-6}~\mathrm{B}_{\odot }$
0.7
×

10

−
6

B
⊙

.
The OCR-Vx experience: lessons learned from designing and implementing a task-based runtime system
Authors: Dokulil Jiri , Benkner Siegfried 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTask-based runtime systems are an important branch of parallel programming research, since tasks decouple computation from the compute units, giving the runtime systems greater flexibility than a thread-based solution. This makes it easier to deal with the ever-increasing complexity of parallel architectures by providing a separation of concerns—the specification of parallelism is separated from the implementation of the parallel computations on a specific architecture. The Open Community Runtime is one such system, aimed at large-scale parallel systems. Unlike many other task-based runtime systems, the creators not only provided an implementation but there is also a comprehensive specification document. This has allowed us to create an independent implementation, called OCR-Vx. In this article, we present our experience of developing the runtime system, put our work in the context of the specification and the other implementations, and describe key lessons that we have learned during our work. We discuss the design and implementation issues of task-based runtime systems and applications including task synchronization and scheduling, data management, memory consistency, the relation between shared-memory and distributed-memory runtime systems, NUMA architectures, and heterogeneous systems. The article is aimed at audiences not familiar with OCR, since we believe these lessons could be valuable for developers working on other task-based runtime systems or designing new ones.
P2X7 receptor involved in antitumor activity of atractylenolide I in human cervical cancer cells
Authors: Han Yue , Bai Can , He Xi-Meng , Ren Qing-Ling 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Atractylenolide I (Atr-I) was found to sensitize a variety of human cancer cells in previous studies. Purinergic P2X7R plays important role in different cancers. However, whether Atr-I could generate antitumor activity in human cervical cancer cells and P2X7R get involved in this effect remain unclear. In this study, Hela (HPV 18 +) and SiHa (HPV 16 +) cells were treated with different doses of Atr-I. The results indicated that agonist and antagonist of P2X7 receptors, BzATP and JNJ-47965567 (JNJ), could suppress the proliferation of Hela and SiHa cells. Atr-I demonstrated a considerable antitumor effect in both human cervical cancer cells in vitro. Atr-I combined with P2X7R agonist, BzATP, restored Atr-I-induced growth inhibition in Hela cells but not in SiHa cells. However, the combinatorial treatment of P2X7R antagonist JNJ and Atr-I has an additive effect on cell growth inhibition in SiHa cells rather than in Hela cells. It implied that P2X7R would get involved in the anti-human cervical cancer cells effect of Atr-I.
Metabolomics on the study of marine organisms
Authors: Bayona Lina M. , de Voogd Nicole J. , Choi Young Hae 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Marine ecosystems are hosts to a vast array of organisms, being among the most richly biodiverse locations on the planet. The study of these ecosystems is very important, as they are not only a significant source of food for the world but also have, in recent years, become a prolific source of compounds with therapeutic potential. Studies of aspects of marine life have involved diverse fields of marine science, and the use of metabolomics as an experimental approach has increased in recent years. As part of the “omics” technologies, metabolomics has been used to deepen the understanding of interactions between marine organisms and their environment at a metabolic level and to discover new metabolites produced by these organisms.

Aim of review
This review provides an overview of the use of metabolomics in the study of marine organisms. It also explores the use of metabolomics tools common to other fields such as plants and human metabolomics that could potentially contribute to marine organism studies. It deals with the entire process of a metabolomic study, from sample collection considerations, metabolite extraction, analytical techniques, and data analysis. It also includes an overview of recent applications of metabolomics in fields such as marine ecology and drug discovery and future perspectives of its use in the study of marine organisms.

Key scientific concepts of review
The review covers all the steps involved in metabolomic studies of marine organisms including, collection, extraction methods, analytical tools, statistical analysis, and dereplication. It aims to provide insight into all aspects that a newcomer to the field should consider when undertaking marine metabolomics.