bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting dark matter freeze-in and freeze-out through phase-space distribution
Authors: Du Yong , Huang Fei , Li Hao-Lin , Li Yuan-Zhen , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We revisit dark-matter production through freeze-in and
freeze-out by solving the Boltzmann equations at the level of the
phase-space distribution f(p,t). Using the 2 ⟶ 2 annihilation
and the 1 ⟶ 2 decay processes for illustration, we compare the
resulting dark-matter relic abundance with that from the
number-density approach. In the transition regime between freeze-in
and freeze-out, we find the difference can be quite significant, or
even by orders of magnitude if the annihilation of dark-matter
particles or the decaying mediator is neglected. The freeze-in
production in the 2 ⟶ 2 and the 1 ⟶ 2 processes can also result
in non-thermal phase-space distributions, or even multi-modal ones
with out-of-equilibrium decay, which can potentially affect
structure formation at late times. We also investigate how elastic
scatterings can distort such non-thermal distributions.
Gravitational radiation from a binary system in odd-dimensional spacetime
Authors: Khlopunov M. , Gal'tsov D.V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explore possible manifestations of an odd number of extra dimensions in gravitational radiation, which are associated with violation of Huygens' principle in flat odd-dimensional spacetime. Our setup can be regarded as the limit of an infinite compactification radius in ADD model and is not viable as realistic cosmology, but it still may be useful as a simple analytically solvable model catching certain features of more realistic scenarios. The model consists of two point masses moving inside a flat three-dimensional brane, embedded in a five-dimensional Minkowski space and interacting only through a massless scalar field localized on the same brane, while gravitational radiation is emitted into the bulk. This setup avoids the difficulties associated with taking into account the gravitational stresses binding the system, which require the cubic terms in the perturbative gravitational Lagrangian, and permits to limit ourselves to linearized theory. We calculate radiation in a linearized five-dimensional gravity generalizing the Rohrlich-Teitelboim approach to extract the emitted part of the retarded gravitational field. The source term consists of a local contribution from point particles and a non-local contribution from scalar field stresses, which is calculated using the DIRE approach to post-Newtonian expansions. In the nonrelativistic limit, we find an analog of the quadrupole formula containing an integral over the history of the particles' motion preceding the retarded time. We also show that, for an observer on the brane, the radiation contains a third polarization: the breathing mode.
Alloyed Au/Pd nanoparticles formed by laser ablation of thin films in liquid
Authors: Nastulyavichus A A , Shelygina S N , Khaertdinova L F , Rudenko A A , Kirilenko D A , Kudryashov S I , Ionin A A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The formation of alloyed Au/Pd nanoparticles (NPs) from thin magnetron-deposited Au–Pd films by nanosecond laser ablation in water is investigated. The films weight loss dependence is studied by thickness, intensity and laser pulses per point. Prepared NPs are transferred onto the silica wafer and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as optical and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopies. NPs size distribution was obtained using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method.
Decoding continuous kinetic information of grasp from stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Li Guangye , Jiang Shize , Wellington Scott , Liu Shengjie , Wu Zehan , Metcalfe Benjamin , Chen Liang , Zhang Dingguo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to bypass damaged neural pathways and restore functionality lost due to injury or disease. Approaches to decoding kinematic information are well documented; however, the decoding of kinetic information has received less attention. Additionally, the possibility of using stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) for kinetic decoding during hand grasping tasks is still largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate kinetic parameter decoding using SEEG in patients performing a grasping task with two different force levels under two different ascending rates. Approach. Temporal-spectral representations were studied to investigate frequency modulation under different force tasks. Then, force amplitude was decoded from SEEG recordings using multiple decoders, including a linear model, a partial least squares model, an unscented Kalman filter, and three deep learning models (shallow convolutional neural network, deep convolutional neural network and the proposed CNN+RNN neural network). Main results. The current study showed that: (a) for some channel, both low-frequency modulation (event-related desynchronization (ERD)) and high-frequency modulation (event-related synchronization) were sustained during prolonged force holding periods; (b) continuously changing grasp force can be decoded from the SEEG signals; (c) the novel CNN+RNN deep learning model achieved the best decoding performance, with the predicted force magnitude closely aligned to the ground truth under different force amplitudes and changing rates. Significance. This work verified the possibility of decoding continuously changing grasp force using SEEG recordings. The result presented in this study demonstrated the potential of SEEG recordings for future BCI application.
Growth and characterization of uniformly distributed triangular single-crystalline hexagonal boron nitride grains on liquid copper surface
Authors: Hao Ziqiang , Liu Xuechao , Zhu Xinfeng , Zhang Minghui , Tang Meibo , Pan Xiuhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Single-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a two-dimensional (2D) material with a wide band gap and extraordinary mechanical, thermal and optical properties. It has promising applications in optoelectronics, electronics and photovoltaics. Low-pressure (150 Pa) chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) was used to prepare uniformly distributed single-crystalline triangular h-BN grains and continuous film on liquid copper surface. A series of microscopic and spectroscopic methods were performed to characterize the morphology, crystalline structure and quality, component and thickness. It was found that h-BN grains turned into circles at higher background pressure (1000 Pa), which was due to the change in the growth mechanism from equilibrium controlled to deposition controlled. Small islands formed on primary h-BN grains because of higher concentration of precursor product. Compared to the higher background pressure, the synthetic h-BN films at low background pressure exhibited larger domain size, lower nucleation density, and no adlayer growth. Due to randomly distributed polar h-BN grains, the grain boundaries formed along the h-BN domains after merging. Typical patterns formed via the coalescence of triangular h-BN grains indicating the merging mode of growth, including edge-to-edge and edge-to-point modes. This work provides a pathway for the preparation of uniformly distributed single-crystalline h-BN grains and an in-depth understanding of the growth and merging process on liquid Cu surface.
Feedback-enabled microwave quantum illumination
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehri Sadat , Zippilli Stefano , Vitali David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A simple feedback scheme can be used to operate efficiently a microwave-quantum-illumination device based on electro-optomechanical systems also in regimes in which excess dissipation would, otherwise, prevent to outperform the optimal classical illumination protocol with the same transmitted energy.
Mechanical, electrochemical and multifunctional performance of a CFRP/carbon aerogel structural supercapacitor and its corresponding monofunctional equivalents
Authors: Pernice Maria Francesca , Qi Guocheng , Senokos Evgeny , Anthony David B , Nguyen Sang , Valkova Maria , Greenhalgh Emile S , Shaffer Milo S P , Kucernak Anthony R J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work investigated and developed a protocol for establishing the multifunctional performance of a structural supercapacitor: a composite which can simultaneously carry mechanical load whilst storing electrical energy. The Structural Supercapacitor consisted of carbon aerogel (CAG) reinforced carbon fibre electrodes which sandwiched a woven glass fibre lamina and was infused with a structural electrolyte (SE). This was compared to two monofunctional devices: a Monofunctional Supercapacitor and a Monofunctional Laminate in which the SE had been replaced by ionic liquid and a structural epoxy, respectively. In the Monofunctional Supercapacitor, the considerable surface area of the CAG and ionic capacity of the liquid electrolyte resulted in a high device normalised capacitance (1731 mF g−1). However, in the Structural Supercapacitor the SE presented meso-scale heterogeneity, obstructing the CAG pores with thin films of epoxy. This resulted in a considerable reduction in electrochemical performance, with a drop in the device normalised capacitance to 212 mF g−1. Regarding mechanical performance, it was shown that the CAG had promoted brittle fracture, leading to a severe depression in the tensile and in-plane shear strengths. The Structural Supercapacitor presented a tensile modulus and strength of 33 GPa and 110 MPa, respectively: a 15% and 11% drop in tensile modulus and strength, respectively, compared to that of the Monofunctional Laminate. However, under in-plane shear the soft SE dominated, leading to about a 44% drop in shear modulus (1.7 GPa) and strength (13.7 MPa at 1% shear strain). This work has provided an insight into the hurdles associated with demonstrating multifunctionality, including the scaling challenges for electrochemical and mechanical characterisation and the need to report both active material and device normalised data. The emergence and development of such structural power composites could address the issue of parasitic battery mass in transportation, and hence realise full electrification of aircraft and cars.
Enhanced charge transport of conjugated polymer/reduced graphene oxide composite films by solvent vapor pre-treatment
Authors: Proscovia Kyokunzire , Cheon Hyeong Jun , Shin Seo Young , Jeong Ganghoon , Go Seongmoon , Kim Keun Seong , Park Rae-Su , Huh Yang-Il , Chang Mincheol 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a facile approach that could provide a significant enhancement of the charge transport properties of the conjugated polymer/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite films using a non-solvent vapor treatment is reported. As the methanol vapors were exposed to the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/rGO composite solution, P3HT chains self-assembled to create nanofibrillar structures via favorable π–π interactions. The π–π staking in P3HT occurred by the non-solvent vapor exposure to minimize unfavorable interactions of P3HT chains with the non-solvent vapor molecules. The self-assembly of P3HT chains was chiefly facilitated by the presence of rGO. This is because the surface of rGO can serve as nucleation sites for the growth of P3HT nanowires. Consequently, P3HT/rGO composite films obtained from the methanol vapor treated corresponding solutions exhibited a high charge carrier mobility (1.3 × 10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1), which is approximately 11-times and 6.5-times higher than those of pristine P3HT (1.2 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1) and P3HT/rGO (2.0 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1) composite films, respectively.
Emerging insights into synapse dysregulation in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Martínez-Serra Raquel , Alonso-Nanclares Lidia , Cho Kwangwook , Giese K. Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia and a growing worldwide problem, with its incidence expected to increase in the coming years. Since synapse loss is a major pathology and is correlated with symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease, synapse dysfunction and loss may underlie pathophysiology. In this context, this review focuses on emerging insights into synaptic changes at the ultrastructural level. The three-dimensional electron microscopy technique unequivocally detects all types of synapses, including multi-synapses, which are indicators of synaptic connectivity between neurons. In recent years it has become feasible to perform sophisticated three-dimensional electron microscopy analyses on post-mortem human Alzheimer’s disease brain as tissue preservation and electron microscopy techniques have improved. This ultrastructural analysis found that synapse loss does not always precede neuronal loss, as long believed. For instance, in the transentorhinal cortex and area CA1 of the hippocampus, synapse loss does not precede neuronal loss. However, in the entorhinal cortex, synapse loss precedes neuronal loss. Moreover, the ultrastructural analysis provides details about synapse morphology. For example, changes in excitatory synapses’ post-synaptic densities, with fragmented postsynaptic densities increasing at the expense of perforated synapses, are seen in Alzheimer’s disease brain. Further, multi-synapses also appear to be altered in Alzheimer’s disease by doubling the abundance of multi-innervated spines in the transentorhinal cortex of Alzheimer’s disease brain. Collectively, these recent ultrastructural analyses highlight distinct synaptic phenotypes in different Alzheimer’s disease brain regions and broaden the understanding of synapse alterations, which may unravel some new therapeutic targets.
Patterns of genomic divergence in sympatric and allopatric speciation of three Mihoutao (Actinidia) species
Authors: Liu Yongbo , Yu Wenhao , Wu Baofeng , Li Junsheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Isolation by geographic distance is involved in the formation of potential genomic islands and the divergence of genomes, which often result in speciation. The mechanisms of sympatric and allopatric speciation associated with geographic distance remain a topic of interest to evolutionary biologists. Here, we examined genomic divergence in three Actinidia species from large-scale sympatric and allopatric regions. Genome sequence data revealed that hexaploid Actinidia deliciosa originated from Actinidia chinensis and supported the speciation-with-gene-flow model in sympatric regions. The common ancestor of Actinidia setosa and A. deliciosa migrated from the mainland to the Taiwan Island ~2.91 Mya and formed A. setosa ~0.92 Mya, and the speciation of A. setosa is consistent with the divergence-after-speciation model with selective sweeps. Geographic isolation resulted in population contraction and accelerated the process of lineage sorting and speciation due to natural selection. Genomic islands contained genes associated with organ development, local adaptation, and stress resistance, indicating selective sweeps on a specific set of traits. Our results highlight the patterns of genomic divergence in sympatric and allopatric speciation, with the mediation of geographic isolation in the formation of genomic islands during Actinidia speciation.
Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Have Impaired Antibody Production After Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: Results From a Panhellenic Registry
Authors: Zacharopoulou Eirini , Orfanoudaki Eleni , Tzouvala Maria , Tribonias George , Kokkotis Georgios , Kitsou Vassiliki , Almpani Foteini , Christidou Aggeliki , Viazis Nikolaos , Mantzaris Gerassimos J , Tsafaridou Maria , Karmiris Konstantinos , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Papathanasiou Evgenia , Zampeli Evanthia , Michopoulos Spyridon , Tigkas Stefanos , Michalopoulos Georgios , Laoudi Efrossini , Karatzas Pantelis , Mylonas Iordanis , Kyriakos Nikolaos , Liatsos Christos , Kafetzi Theodora , Theocharis Georgios , Taka Styliani , Panagiotopoulou Konstantina , Koutroubakis Ioannis E , Bamias Giorgos 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFour EMA-approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are currently available. Data regarding antibody responses to initial vaccination regimens in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are limited.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, controlled, multicenter study in tertiary Greek IBD centers. Participating patients had completed the initial vaccination regimens (1 or 2 doses, depending on the type of COVID-19 vaccine) at least 2 weeks before study enrolment. Anti-S1 IgG antibody levels were measured. Demographic and adverse events data were collected.ResultsWe tested 403 patients (Crohn’s disease, 58.9%; male, 53.4%; median age, 45 years) and 124 healthy controls (HCs). Following full vaccination, 98% of patients seroconverted, with mRNA vaccines inducing higher seroconversion rates than viral vector vaccines (P = .021). In total, IBD patients had lower anti-S1 levels than HCs (P &lt; .001). In the multivariate analysis, viral vector vaccines (P &lt; .001), longer time to antibody testing (P &lt; .001), anti-TNFα treatment (P = .013), and age (P = .016) were independently associated with lower anti-S1 titers. Vedolizumab monotherapy was associated with higher antibody levels than anti-TNFα or anti-interleukin-12/IL-23 monotherapy (P = .023 and P = .032). All anti- SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were safe.ConclusionsPatients with IBD have impaired antibody responses to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, particularly those receiving viral vector vaccines and those on anti-TNFα treatment. Older age also hampers antibody production after vaccination. For those low-response groups, administration of accelerated or prioritized booster vaccination may be considered.
Real-world 6-month outcomes of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement with the EDWARDS INTUITY Elite valve system
Authors: Laufer Günther , Strauch Justus T , Terp Kim A , Salinas Marco , Arribas Jose M , Massetti Massimo , Andreas Martin , Young Christopher P 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We report on real-world safety and performance outcomes of minimally invasive rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement using the EDWARDS INTUITY Elite aortic valve system.

METHODS
The study valve system was used in a European, prospective, multicentre post-market study. Various procedural, haemodynamic and clinical outcomes were evaluated through 6 months of post-implant.

RESULTS
A total of 276 patients out of 280 (98.6%) enrolments were successfully implanted with the study valve using a minimally invasive approach between February 2016 and April 2017. Of these 276 patients, 240 (87%) underwent partial sternotomy and 36 (13%) patients underwent right thoracotomy. Mean cross-clamp time was 51.9 [standard deviation (SD): 16.0] min. From baseline to 6 months, the mean effective orifice area increased from 0.8 (SD: 0.3) to 1.8 (SD: 0.6) cm2 and the mean systolic gradient decreased from 46.0 (SD: 14.1) to 8.8 (SD: 3.7) mmHg. After 6 months, 70.7% and 26.4% of patients were in New York Heart Association class I and II, respectively. Freedom from death, major bleeding, major paravalvular leak, reoperation and device explant at 6 months were 96.0%, 98.5%, 98.8%, 99.2% and 99.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that the study valve is a safe and effective choice for patients undergoing aortic valve replacement via minimally invasive surgery.

Name and registration of registry
MISSION (Assessing clinical outcomes using the EDWARDS INTUITY Elite Valve System in isolated AVR using Minimally InvaSive Surgery In a EurOpean multi-ceNter, active, post-market registry). clinicaltrials.gov ID #NCT02907463.
Generalized Stochastic Areas, Winding Numbers, and Hyperbolic Stiefel Fibrations
Authors: Baudoin Fabrice , Demni Nizar , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study the Brownian motion on the non-compact Grassmann manifold $\frac {\textbf {U}(n-k,k)} {\textbf {U}(n-k)\textbf {U}(k)}$ and some of its functionals. The key point is to realize this Brownian motion as a matrix diffusion process, use matrix stochastic calculus and take advantage of the hyperbolic Stiefel fibration to study a functional that can be understood in that setting as a generalized stochastic area process. In particular, a connection to the generalized Maass Laplacian of the complex hyperbolic space is presented and applications to the study of Brownian windings in the Lie group $\textbf {U}(n-k,k)$ are then given.
Interests, Institutions, and the Environment: An Examination of Fisheries Subsidies
Authors: Rickard Stephanie J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Protecting the environment has emerged as one of the major challenges in international relations. In international environmental negotiations, countries hold divergent positions because of domestic politics and specifically the interaction of interests and institutions. Domestic political institutions privilege the interests of some groups over others, depending on their geographic distribution. This observation matters for global environmental cooperation because groups with varied interests in protecting the environment often exhibit different geographic patterns, as illustrated in negotiations over fisheries subsidies at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The fishing industry tends to be concentrated in geographic space because of its reliance on a geographically specific natural resource. The industry’s geographic concentration gives it relatively more political clout in countries with plurality electoral systems. Environmentalists, who tend to be more diffuse geographically, enjoy greater political influence in countries with proportional representation systems and party-centered electoral competition. These political dynamics, as well as the electoral success of Green political parties, influence governments’ spending priorities as well as states’ positions in international environmental negotiations.
Structural basis for the linkage specificity of ubiquitin-binding domain and deubiquitinase
Authors: Sato Yusuke 
Published: April 2022

Summary
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification system essential for regulating a wide variety of biological processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin (Ub) itself undergoes post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination. All seven lysine residues and one N-terminal amino group of Ub can act as acceptors for further ubiquitination, producing eight types of Ub chains. Ub chains of different linkage types have different cellular functions and are referred to as the ‘ubiquitin code’. Decoder molecules that contain linkage-specific Ub-binding domains (UBDs) recognize the Ub chains to regulate different cellular functions. On the other hand, deubiquitinases (DUBs) cleave Ub chains to reverse ubiquitin signals. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of linkage-specific recognitions of Ub chains by UBDs and DUBs, which have been revealed by structural studies.