bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major infections in newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus: an inception cohort study
Authors: Wang Haiting , Zhou Yuhong , Yu Liqin , Wu Wanlong , Zhao Liling , Geng Shikai , Sun Fangfang , Zhang Danting , Shen Nan , Chen Yi , Ye Shuang 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of major infections and the relationship between major infections and mortality in patients with newly diagnosed SLE.MethodsA newly diagnosed (<3 months) hospitalised Systemic Lupus Inception Cohort (hSLIC) in our centre during 1 January 2013 and 1 November 2020 was established. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year or until death. Patient baseline characteristics were collected. Major infection events were recorded during follow-up, which were defined as microbiological/clinical-based diagnosis treated with intravenous antimicrobials. The cohort was further divided into a training set and a testing set. Independent predictors of major infections were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted.ResultsAmong the 494 patients enrolled in the hSLIC cohort, there were 69 documented episodes of major infections during the first year of follow-up in 67 (14%) patients. The major infection events predominantly occurred within the first 4 months since enrolment (94%, 65/69) and were associated with all-cause mortality. After adjustments for glucocorticoid and immunosuppressant exposure, a prediction model based on SLE Disease Activity Index >10, peripheral lymphocyte count <0.8×109/L and serum creatinine >104 µmol/L was established to identify patients at low risk (3%–5%) or high risk (37%–39%) of major infections within the first 4 months.ConclusionsNewly onset active SLE is susceptible to major infections, which is probably due to underlying profound immune disturbance. Identifying high-risk patients using an appropriate prediction tool might lead to better tailored management and better outcome.
Providing periodic exercise to stall-housed gestating sows influences only the total number of live-born piglets in older parity sows
Authors: Tokareva Mariia , Brown Jennifer A. , MacPhee Daniel J. , Seddon Yolande M. 
Published: August 2022

The 2014 Canadian Pig Code of Practice includes a recommendation to provide stall-housed gestating pigs with periodic exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of periodic exercise on sow performance and placental and piglet characteristics. Sows ( n = 180) were assigned to one of three gestation treatments: stall-housed sows (Control: C), stall-housed sows given weekly exercise (Exercise: E—10 min of walking per week), and group-housed sows (Group: G). Sows were distributed among three parity groups: young (parity 0–1), mid (parity 2–4), and old (parity 5–7). Old C sows had a higher number of total born than G sows, and E sows were intermediate; mid G sows had a higher total born than E and C sows ( P = 0.023). Old E and G sows had similar numbers of total live-born piglets, which were higher than in old C sows ( P = 0.033). Periodic exercise did not influence placental and piglet characteristics in the current study. In conclusion, periodic exercise benefited only the reproductive performance of older parity sows, increasing the number of live-born piglets in E and G sows compared to C sows.
Trans-Avalonian green–black boundary (early Middle Cambrian): transform fault-driven epeirogeny and onset of 26 m.y. of shallow-marine, black mudstone in Avalonia (Rhode Island–Belgium) and Baltica
Authors: Landing Ed , Westrop Stephen R. , Geyer Gerd 
Published: August 2022

The Avalonia microcontinent has diagnostic terminal Ediacaran–Ordovician lithostratigraphy, depositional sequence architecture, and igneous activity that extends for 2000+ km reflecting epeirogeny related to the Avalonian transform fault. Avalonia records an abrupt early Middle Cambrian (late Wuliuan) change from green, purple, or light grey to overlying black, dark grey, and brown facies in platform and off-platform areas (Meguma, North Wales). This change within one trilobite zone marks onset of ca. 26 m.y. of shallow-marine anoxia/strong dysoxia lasting into the Ordovician with Hatch Hill oxygenated mid-water zone (OMZ) onlap onto the shelf. A Bakken model (new, based on the middle Paleozoic Bakken Formation) is applied to shallow-shelf–shoreline organic-rich mud deposition. Erosion of greenish Avalonian depositional sequence (Ads) 7 was followed by Ads 8 tilting, volcanism, debris flows, and bentonite deposition on a cryptic unconformity in SE Newfoundland. The early Middle Cambrian age of the Ads 7–8 boundary is obscured by referring the lower Manuels River Formation and Cristallinium cambriense Zone to the younger Drumian Stage. Ads 8 has thin ashes in coterminous British and North American Avalonia where erosion and subaerial exposure with caliche development preceded onlap of upper Middle or Upper Cambrian Ads 9 black muds and sands. The green–black change emphasizes Avalonian unity; it precludes multiple Avalonian “micro-terranes” or assigning parts of Avalonia to West Gondwana or “Ganderia” (the Little River, Brookville, and Bras d'Or “terranes” are part of the Avalonian marginal platform). Coeval green–black transitions and similar later Cambrian faunas show comparable paleoenvironments in Avalonia and Baltica.
Testing the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for extremal magnetized Kerr–Newman black holes
Authors: Gao Yunjiao , Gao Sijie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe test the weak cosmic censorship conjecture for magnetized Kerr–Newman spacetime via the method of injecting a test particle. Hence, we need to know how the black hole’s parameters change when a test particle enters the horizon. This was an unresolved issue for non-asymptotically flat spacetimes since there are ambiguities on the energies of black holes and particles. We find a novel approach to solve the problem. We start with the “physical process version” of the first law, which relates the particle’s parameters with the change in the area of the black hole. By comparing this first law with the usual first law of black hole thermodynamics, we redefine the particle’s energy such that the energy can match the mass parameter of the black hole. Then, we show that the horizon of the extremal magnetized Kerr–Newman black hole could be destroyed after a charged test particle falls in, which leads to a possible violation of the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. We also find that the allowed parameter range for this process is very small, which indicates that after the self-force and radiation effects are taken into account, the weak cosmic censorship conjecture could still be valid. In contrast to the case where the magnetic field is absent, the particle cannot be released at infinity to destroy the horizon. And in the case of a weak magnetic field, the releasing point becomes closer to the horizon as the magnetic field increases. This indicates that the magnetic field makes the violation of the cosmic censorship more difficult. Finally, by applying our new method to Kerr–Newman–dS (AdS) black holes, which are well-known non-asymptotically flat spacetimes, we obtain the expression of the particle’s energy which matches the black hole’s mass parameter.
QED and accretion flow models effect on optical appearance of Euler–Heisenberg black holes
Authors: Zeng Xiao-Xiong , He Ke-Jian , Li Guo-Ping , Liang En-Wei , Guo Sen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTaking the quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect into account, we investigate the geometrical-optics appearance of the Euler–Heisenberg (EH) black hole (BH) under the different accretion flows context, which depends on the BH space-time structure and different sources of light. The more significant magnetic charge leads to the smaller shadow radius for the EH BH, while the different values of the EH parameter do not ruin it. Different features of the corresponding two-dimensional shadow images are derived for the three optically thin accretion flow models. It is shown that the total observed intensity in the static spherical accretion flow scenario leads than that of the infalling spherical accretion flow under same parameters, but the size and position of the EH BH shadows do not change in both of these accretions flows, implying that the BH shadow size depends on the geometric space-time and the shadows luminosities rely on the accretion flow morphology. Of particular interest is that a thin disk accretion model illuminated the BH, we found that the contribution of the lensing ring to the total observed flux is less than $$5\%$$

5
%

, and the photon ring is less than $$2\%$$

2
%

, indicating that the direct emission dominates the optical appearance of the EH BH. It is also believed that the optical appearance of the BH image depends on the accretion disk radiation position in this scenario, which can serve as a probe for the disk structure around the active galactic nucleus (AGN) of M87$$^{*}$$

∗

like.
Do Philanthropic Auditors Provide Higher-Quality Audit Services? Evidence From China
Authors: Li Dan , Yang Zhifeng , Zhang Keyuan , Zhang Min 
Published: August 2022

Synopsis The research problem This study investigates whether auditors who participate in philanthropic activities (hereafter “philanthropic auditors”) have stronger incentives to deliver high-quality audits than the auditors who do not participate. Motivation Prior studies call for research that examines the difference in audit quality across individual auditors. In recent years, regulators in developed markets, such as the United States and the European Union, have also promulgated new regulations requiring audit firms or public companies to disclose the names of engagement partners. Another growing body of literature examines the effect of economic agents’ personal traits on their decisions and/or firm policies and practices. By examining the impact of individual auditors’ unobservable personal traits on audit quality, measured through their philanthropic actions, we link and contribute to both streams of the above literature. The test hypotheses We test a null hypothesis in this study: individual auditors’ philanthropic activity is not related to their audit quality. Target population Stakeholders of high-quality auditing including accounting regulators, audit firm partners, and company managers. Adopted methodology Ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions and archival data. Analyses In a sample of more than 19,000 Chinese firm-years from 2008 to 2017, we identified 9.40% of the observations were signed by at least one auditor who contributes either money or time to a charitable activity. We used two measures of audit quality: the propensity to issue modified audit opinions (MAOs) and unsigned abnormal discretionary accruals. Findings First, we find that philanthropic auditors are significantly more likely to issue MAOs than are their non-philanthropic counterparts. Second, they are more likely to issue MAOs to distressed companies but not to financially healthy companies. The higher propensity of philanthropic auditors to issue MAOs indicates higher audit quality rather than a higher level of audit conservatism. Third, financial statements audited by philanthropic auditors contain significantly lower discretionary accruals (DACC). Fourth, to mitigate the concern that endogeneity drives our findings, we implement the propensity score matching (PSM) approach and the client fixed effects model. Our finding that philanthropic auditors provide higher-quality audit services than other auditors holds. Fifth, the main results are robust to the inclusion of other individual auditor characteristics, such as gender, educational background, and political affiliation, and to several proxies for individual auditors’ wealth.
Virtualizing Existing Fluidic Programs
Authors: Winston Caleb , Willsey Max , Ceze Luis 
Published: August 2022

Fluidic automation, the practice of programmatically manipulating small fluids to execute laboratory protocols, has led to vastly increased productivity for biologists and chemists. Most fluidic programs, commonly referred to as protocols, are written using APIs that couple the protocol to specific hardware by referring to the physical locations on the device. This coupling makes isolation impossible, preventing portability, concurrent execution, and composition of protocols on the same device.
We propose a system for virtualizing existing fluidic protocols on top of a single runtime system without modification. Our system presents an isolated view of the device to each running protocol, allowing it to assume it has sole access to hardware. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation that can concurrently execute and compose protocols written using the popular Opentrons Python API. Concurrent execution achieves near-linear speedup over serial execution, since protocols spend much of their time waiting.
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential in Patients with Solid Tumor Malignancies
Authors: Marshall Catherine H. , Gondek Lukasz P. , Luo Jun , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) refers to the expansion of cells of hematopoietic lineage that carry acquired somatic alterations associated with hematologic malignancies. The most commonly altered genes giving rise to CHIP are DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1. However, advanced sequencing technologies have resulted in highly sensitive detection of clonal hematopoiesis beyond these known driver genes. In practice, CHIP is commonly identified as an incidental finding in liquid and tissue biopsies of patients with solid tumors. CHIP can have broad clinical consequences, given its association with hematologic malignancies and nonmalignant diseases. CHIP can also interfere with next-generation DNA sequencing results, so clinicians should pay careful attention when these results are being used to guide therapy. Future research is needed to determine how solid tumor malignancies and their treatments alter the progression of CHIP, and in turn, how CHIP might be used to improve treatment selection and outcomes for patients with solid tumors.
Reciprocal Interactions Between the Gut Microbiome and Mammary Tissue Mast Cells Promote Metastatic Dissemination of HR+ Breast Tumors
Authors: Feng Tzu-Yu , Azar Francesca N. , Dreger Sally A. , Rosean Claire Buchta , McGinty Mitchell T. , Putelo Audrey M. , Kolli Sree H. , Carey Maureen A. , Greenfield Stephanie , Fowler Wesley J. , Robinson Stephen D. , Rutkowski Melanie R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Establishing commensal dysbiosis, defined as an inflammatory gut microbiome with low biodiversity, before breast tumor initiation, enhances early dissemination of hormone receptor–positive (HR+) mammary tumor cells. Here, we sought to determine whether cellular changes occurring in normal mammary tissues, before tumor initiation and in response to dysbiosis, enhanced dissemination of HR+ tumors. Commensal dysbiosis increased both the frequency and profibrogenicity of mast cells in normal, non–tumor-bearing mammary tissues, a phenotypic change that persisted after tumor implantation. Pharmacological and adoptive transfer approaches demonstrated that profibrogenic mammary tissue mast cells from dysbiotic animals were sufficient to enhance dissemination of HR+ tumor cells. Using archival HR+ patient samples, we determined that enhanced collagen levels in tumor-adjacent mammary tissue positively correlated with mast cell abundance and HR+ breast cancer recurrence. Together, these data demonstrate that mast cells programmed by commensal dysbiosis activate mammary tissue fibroblasts and orchestrate early dissemination of HR+ breast tumors.
Differentiation of Fibroblasts Into Myofibroblasts in the Arachnoid Membrane of Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Yamamoto Shusuke , Yamamoto Seiji , Akai Takuya , Sasahara Masakiyo , Kuroda Satoshi 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a very specific disorder in terms of spontaneous development of extracranial-to-intracranial collateral circulation through the dura mater, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the arachnoid membrane in this unique angiogenesis in MMD.

Methods:
A piece of arachnoid membrane and 1- to 2-mL cerebrospinal fluid were simultaneously harvested during surgery from 26 patients with MMD. The specimens were also collected during surgery as the controls from 6 patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery diseases. The arachnoid membrane was subjected to immunohistochemistry and the cerebrospinal fluid was used to measure the concentration of cytokines using ELISA.

Results:

The number of cells positive for PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) α was significantly higher in MMD than in the controls (5.4±3.1 versus 2.3±2.1 cells/field;
P
=0.02). The results were same in PDGFRβ-positive cells (10.1±4.6 versus 4.8±2.8; P=0.01) and α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin)–positive cells (8.8±3.1 versus 2.0±2.5; P<0.01). On multicolor immunofluorescence, 80.5±15.6% of cells positive for PDGFRα in MMD also expressed α-SMA, being significantly higher than 14.6±7.2% in the controls (
P
<0.01). The density of collagen in the arachnoid membrane was significantly higher in MMD than in the controls (60.3±15.0% versus 40.1±15.3%;
P
<0.01). In MMD, advanced disease stage was significantly associated with a larger number of α-SMA–positive cells in the arachnoid membrane (
P
=0.04). On ELISA, the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), HGF (hepatocyte growth factor), and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 were significantly higher in MMD than in the controls.

Conclusions:
Based on these findings, MMD may elevate the concentrations of angiogenic factors in the cerebrospinal fluid and then promote the proliferation of fibroblasts in the arachnoid membrane and their differentiation into myofibroblasts, which may, in turn, enhance the production of collagen essential for spontaneous collateral formation across the arachnoid membrane.
Forgetting to Remember: Theorizing the Role of the Forgotten In the Production of Biblical Text and Tradition
Authors: Kemp Jenna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article examines Exod 34:11–17 by utilizing theory of cultural memory, enriched with theory of metaphor and allusion. As the author of a late text, the scribe responsible for this insertion remembers other various biblical texts via allusion, creating synthetic categories that are useful for carrying the texts forward in time. The synthesis occurs, however, not just by remembering but also by forgetting parts of the evoked texts. The fact that they can be read together strengthens the idea that multiple texts could be considered a conceptual whole. Forgetting is therefore not just about loss; it is as a result of loss extremely productive in creating and maintaining conceptual links between texts within the tradition.
“For 2300 Evenings and Mornings” (Dan 8:14): Recalculating the Cessation of the Daily Offering
Authors: Segal Michael , Wadler Shlomo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A previous study (M. Segal, “Calculating the End: Inner-Danielic Chronological Developments,” VT 68 [2018] 272–96), analyzed chronological aspects in Daniel 7–12, and suggested that they offer a key for tracing the literary development of this section. This article offers a new interpretation of the expression “2300 evenings and mornings” (8:14), generally understood as a period of time shorter than the 3.5-year tradition expressed in 9:27 and 12:11–12. In contrast, it is suggested that 2300 refers to the number of daily offerings which were to be missed due to the desecration of the Temple. This calculation was performed according to an early, pre-sectarian halakhic interpretive tradition of Leviticus 23:37–38, reconstructed based upon a Sabbath prohibition in Damascus Document XI, 17–18. When calculated according to this method, “2300 evenings and mornings” maps precisely onto 3.5 years.
Evaluating the Evidence by the UN International Investigative Mechanisms: a New Challenge for the International Criminal Court?
Authors: Micha Eleni 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
International criminal courts and tribunals have faced a number of challenges with respect to the assessment of evidence. For the International Criminal Court (icc) there are pressing questions regarding the best interpretation of the relevant provisions in the Rome Statute (rs). To this point, the assessment of documentary evidence conveyed by the UN Independent Investigative Mechanisms (iims) constitutes a rather unexplored area. Accordingly, the present study will reflect upon the challenges posed for the icc, in case the Court proceeds to evaluate the evidence collected by those mechanisms. Special focus will be upon the working methodology of the IIM on Syria and Myanmar. Based on the Court’s recent case-law and, in particular on the Ongwen judgment, the study will further analyze the applicability of the three-prong test of Article 69(4)rs with a view to clarifying the evidentiary standard-setting of the Court.
“Her Parents Are Exhausted and Unable to Ensure her Safety” – Families, Institutions, and Psychiatric Care in France in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Le Bras Anatole 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The significant increase in the number of internees in French asylums after the “Law on the insane” of 1838 raised the question of the place of the family in the system of psychiatric care. Drawing from medical and administrative literature, as well as from admission registers and patient files from four French public asylums located in the Seine and Finistère departments, this article aims at understanding how the responsibilities for care were delineated before, during, and after internment. It sheds light on the evolutions of psychiatric practices in the last third of the nineteenth century. Prompted by practical constraints as well as by new conceptions of care, these practices allowed for a more sustained cooperation between families and doctors in the processes of commitment and discharge. While the overall role of the family in the sharing of the responsibility for care was increasingly recognized, the article shows that its involvement depended on local arrangements, and on factors such as gender and class.
Hailstone Characteristics in Northeast Italy from 29 Years of Hailpad Data
Authors: Manzato Agostino , Cicogna Andrea , Centore Massimo , Battistutta Paolo , Trevisan Mauro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although hail is a well-known meteorological hazard, it is hard to find long records of hail observed at the ground with high spatial resolution. Most hail climatologies are based on remote sensing observations or inhomogeneous networks of human observers. In the plain of Friuli Venezia Giulia (northeast Italy), a hailpad network of 367 stations has operated since 1988. During the 1988–2016 warm seasons, 7782 hailpads were impacted by hailstones and more than one million dents were observed and automatically analyzed, even though only 63% of them were associated with valid hailstone dents. In this work, this large quantity of direct hail observations is used to build a hail climatology in terms of hailstone size, areal density, and flux of kinetic energy. From the empirical distributions of data collected, it is possible to fit statistical distributions to the different hailstone/hailpad behaviors. In particular, it is also possible to find an approximate estimation of the flux of kinetic energy based only on the largest hail diameter observed on the hailpad. Last, temporal and spatial distributions of these characteristics are investigated. Hailstones are larger along a southwestern-to-northeastern alley, which is parallel to the main pre-Alpine crest, with the very largest sizes being more frequent on the southwestern corner. The only hail climate change signal that one can infer from the analysis of these multidecadal trends is that, in more recent years, hailstorms seem to produce fewer and larger hailstones, on average.