bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alfalfa, Second and Third Cutting Insect Control, Missouri, 1981
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Spurgeon D. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two locations served as tests sites for potato leafhopper control on established stands of alfalfa. One test was conducted on Jul 8 at Salem, MO on second cutting alfalfa and another at Spickard, MO on Aug 26 on third cutting alfalfa. Evaluations were made 24 h after treatment application. Finished sprays were applied to plots at 12 gpa and 40 psi. An IH cub tractor rigged with a 20 ft spray boom, FS-4 nozzles, 50 mesh filter screens, and a PTO roller pump was used to apply compounds. Temperature at treatment was 80°F at Salem and 75°F at Spickard. Overnight rainfall accumulation was 0.35 in at Spickard. Alfalfa was approximately 10 inches tall. Efficacy evaluation was made by sub-sampling plots with 10 sweeps per plot. Each sweep of a 15 inch net was 180° while moving briskly forward. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Means present in table are of actual counts.
Control of Alfalfa Weevil on Alfalfa, 1980
Authors: Hellman John L. , Curtis William , Hochmuth Robert , Levesque Kevin , Frishman Maria , Bassow Fern 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted in a 2-yr-old production alfalfa stand in Baltimore County. Pre-counts were made on May 12 and weevil larvae averaged 39 per dip sweep of a 15 inch standard size net. Treatment plots were 10 ft x 15 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Plots were sprayed on May pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 30 psi. Plots were sampled for post-counts on May 19.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1981
Authors: Klostermeyer L. E. , Evans R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were applied to an established alfalfa field at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, TN on Apr 16. Imidan was included as a standard. Treatments, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete design, were applied to plots 18 ft x 20 ft at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 psi with a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Five pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15 inch dia insect net in each plot weekty from treatment to harvest. Pre-treatment means were 337 alfalfa weevil larvae and 0.75 alfalfa weevils per 5 sweeps. Yields were taken on May 8 from a 5 ft swath cut out of the center of each plot.
Effects of Insecticides on Potato Leafhopper and Nablds in Alfalfa, 1981
Authors: Luna John M. , Allen W. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized block design with 50 ft x 50 ft plots replicated 3 times was used to evaluate insecticide effects on potato leafhopper and nabids in an established alfalfa stand near Christiansburg, VA. Insecticides were applied to 9 inch tall 3rd cutting alfalfa Aug 3 using a hand-carried, CO2-powered boom sprayer at 18 psi and 25 gal water/A. A sample unit consisted of 10 pendular sweeps of a 15 inch dia sweep net with the insects counted in the field as they emerged from the net after each sample. Three samples were taken in each replicate, for a total of 9 samples/treatment. Pre-spray relative density estimates of 18 potato leafhopper adults and 1.7 nabids per 10 sweeps were obtained. Pre-treatment counts of potato leafhopper nymphs were not taken.
Relative Toxicities of Insecticides to Entomophagous and Pest Insects in Alfalfa, 1981
Authors: Luna John M. , Allen William A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 50 ft x 50 ft plots, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design in an established alfalfa stand near Verona, VA. Plots were sprayed May 6 using a hand-carried, CO2-powered boom sprayer at 18 psi and 25 gal water/acre. To estimate densities of alfalfa weevil larvae, 10 stems were clipped and shaken in a 3 gal bucket at each sample site. Weevil larvae were separated by size class; 1st and 2nd instar = small, and 3rd and 4th instar - large. Two samples were taken in each replicate giving 8 samples per treatment. Density estimates of meadow spittlebug nymphs were obtained by visually examining 10 stems at each sample site, with 2 samples taken per replicate. A 15 inch dia sweep net and a portable, glass-topped sleeve cage were used to estimate relative densities of alfalfa weevil adults and entomophagous insects. Two sweep net samples were taken per replicate, each sample consisting of 50 pendular sweeps. After each sample, the net contents were emptied into the sleeve cage. Insects were collected from the cage with an aspirator and returned to the laboratory for identification and counting. Pre-spray mean density estimates obtained May 5 were: small weevil larvae, 3.1/10 stems; large larvae, 9.1/10 stems; spittlebug nymphs, 2.0/stem. No pre-spray counts of adult alfalfa weevil or entomaphagous insects were taken.
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae Control, Kentucky 1981
Authors: Parr John C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was a 3-yr-old stand of Buffalo variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 ft x 36 ft and each treatment and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely random design. Twenty gal of spray was applied per acre. Treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying systems 8003 Teejet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. Population densities of larvae were determined 3, 6, 13, 17, and 22 days following treatment by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15 inch dia net. A damage rating was based, on a scale of 1-9 where 1 = no damage and 9 = 100% of leaves consumed, with 2-8 being intermediate. Treatments were applied Apr 21.
Alfalfa Insect Control, 1981
Authors: Quisenberry Sharron S. , Foster David E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Applications of registered and experimental insecticides were applied to second cutting alfalfa on the ISU Dairy Research Farm, Ames, IA. All treatments were applied to 4.7 x 12.2 m plots arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Materials were broadcast using a back-pack sprayer equipped with Teejet 65015 tips at 30 psi pressure and 30 gal/acre. All treatments were applied on Jul 18. Treatments were evaluated by taking ten 180° sweeps using a 38.1 cm dia sweep net. Samples were taken pre-treatment and 1, 3 and 6 days post-treatment. Samples were bagged, returned to the laboratory where garden webworm, green cloverworm and alfalfa plant bug numbers were recorded.
Control of Leafh0Pper Vector of Maize Chlorotic Dwarf (Mcd) Virus Disease of Corn, 1981
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field corn was planted Apr 13 at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Floyd Co. Soil type was Sequatchie silty clay loam. A randomized complete block design was used with 18 row plots x 18 m long x 1 m wide x 5 m alleys, 5 replicates. Granules were applied in the seed furrow at planting time. Leafhoppers were sampled with a D-vac in 10 m x 8 middle rows per plot at 22, 35, and 50 days post-planting. Disease ratings were made on 50 plants/plot 100 days post-planting. Four middle rows/plot were mechanically harvested 150 days post-planting for determining grain yield.
Field Corn, Southern Corn Rootworm Control, 1981
Authors: Estes P. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test plots were at the Auburn University Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope, AL. Test lots were 4 rows (36 inch spacing) by 100 ft arranged as a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Granules were applied in a 7 inch band with a Ford applicator attached to a Ford 4 row planter. For the seed treatment, Pioneer 3369A seed was mixed with a solution of 2.27 gm of Orthene 80SP in 1.5 ml water per lb of seed and air dried. For the hopper box treatment, Orthene 80SP dry formulation was mixed with the seed in a plastic bag and the seed then poured into the hoppers. Plots were planted and treatments made on Mar 23. Stand and SCR damage counts (yellow leaf stripe, wilted plants, deadheart or any other overt sign of SCR larval feeding) were made on Apr 23 by counting total and affected plants in the 2 center rows of each plot. Multiple checks were included for a better estimate of variance. Twenty row-feet were hand harvested from each plot on Aug 5 and shelling percentage and yield (bu/acre at 15.5% MC and 56 Ib/bu) determined.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1981
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test fields at Rock springs, Centre County, had been in continuous corn for 3 yrs with no insecticide treatments for the 2 yrs previous to this study. Corn was planted no-till in 4 row plots 100 ft long (30 inch centers) with 4 replications in a randomized block design. Two buffer rows, with no insecticide, separated each plot. Five insecticides were compared at 12 formulation, rate and placement combinations.
Apple, Concentrate Airblast Insecticide Test, 1981
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 3 replicates of ‘York Imperial’ and 3 replicates of ‘Golden Delicious’. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Rates of treatments are listed as amounts/acre/alternate side. Spray dates for treatments were: May 19 nd 26; Jun 4, 12, 22 and 30; Jul 8, 16, 24 and 31; Aug 10, 19 and 28; Sep 4. Fungicides applied during the season were: Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, captan, zineb and calcium chloride. Average temperatures were: May 59.9°F, Jun 9.9°F, Jul 73.2°F, Aug 70.0°F and Sep 62.6°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 3.17, Jun 4.11, Jul 2.79, Aug 4.08 and Sep 3.02. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of aphid infested leaves/10 top terminals, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves/tree.
Residual Control of Boll Weevil, 1981
Authors: Conley Jim , Hunkapiller Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Aug 3, a caged boll weevil study was initiated at Mississippi State University to determine the residual effectiveness of several insecticides. Plots were 2 rows wide (0.9m) and 30.48 m long. Two buffer rows separated plots. Insecticide applications were made with a CO2 powered hand sprayer equipped with two TX4 spray tips/row delivering 65 liter/ha at 2.1 kg/cm2. Adult boll weevils were obtained from the Gast Rearing Facility at MSU. Cotton-Dacron cages (0.9 m x 0.65 m) were placed over individual cotton plants and tied securely at the base of the stalk.
Residual Toxicity Studies of Eight Insecticides on Tarnished Plant Bug, 1981
Authors: Gross W. L. , Gaylor M. J. , Estes P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tarnished plant bugs, Lyguslineolaris, were collected from butterweed, Erigeroncanadensis, near Auburn, AL. An indoor spray table equipped with a conveyor belt, a 500 ml spray tank, and a #8001 Teejet nozzle was used to simulate field spraying. The spray table was calibrated to deliver 5.2 gpa at 20 psi. Discs, 2.5 cm dia, were cut from leaves of greenhouse-grown cotton plants. The discs were placed on a moistened paper towel on a wooden board and sprayed with insecticides. Sprayed discs were placed in 0.75 oz plastic creamer cups containing a 2.5 cm disc of moistened filter paper to keep leaf tissue turgid. Cups were sealed with plastic caps. Five adult tarnished plant bugs were placed on each treated leaf disc at 0, 18, 24, 48 and 74 hr post-treatment, and checked for mortality after 24 hr. Each of 10 treatments were replicated 6 times.
Effect of Chlordimeform on Yield, 1981
Authors: Lentz Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this test was to determine the number of applications and the rate necessary to enhance the yield as claimed by the manufacturers. Stonevilie 213 variety cotton was planted May 13 on Loring wilt loam soil at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, TN. Plots were 4 x 38 inch rows by 40 ft long. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Pinhead square reatments were initiated Jul 10 and continued Jul 15, 20 (3 applications), 24, 30, and Aug 4 (6 applications). Insecticides were applied with a 4-row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal/acre (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 Delavan HB 4 70 nozzles per row) with a CO2 pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. All plots were oversprayed Jun 10 with Bidrin to suppress thrips and aphids and Aug 4 and Sep 11 with standard bollworm insecticides to suppress bollworms.
Insecticide Control of Plant Bugs and Effect on Beneficial Spp., 1981
Authors: Mullins Walton , Gallaher Martin L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this test was to evaluate some of the currently recommended insecticides for plant bug control at half-rates and to determine their effect on beneficial populations. Delcot 311 was planted on May 29 at the lee Farm, University of Missouri - Delta Center, PortageviIie, MO. Sixteen-row plots, 100 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied Jui 14 with at the rate of 5 gal/acre with an air-pressurized system mounted on an 8 row Hahn 300 Hi-boy high clearance sprayer. Plots were sampled with a sweep net (100 sweeps/plot) at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Counts were analyzed by ANOVA and means separated by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test.
Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1981
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaracides were applied to Acala SJ-2 cotton planted Apr 18 near Shatter, CA in 40 inch rows. Individual plots were 8 rows wide and 70 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and applied Jun 29. On Jul 21 both formulations of PIictran and Mitac at both rates were reapplied. Applications were made by high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms using 5 solid cone nozzles per row delivering 47 gal/acre at 40 psi. Mainstem leaves (fifth unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 5 post-treatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of all active stages of the Tetranychid complex; only adult female counts are reported as they represent a consistent proportion of the total population. Mite counts were transformed by x + 0.5 for statistical analysis. Yield was determined by mechanically harvesting the 4 center rows of each plot on Oct 22.
Lygus Bug Control on Cotton, 1979 AND 1980
Authors: Wynholds Paul F. , Leigh Thomas F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Single applications of insecticides for lygus bug control were made on Acala SJ-2 cotton at the University of California West Side Field Station. Individual plots were 24 rows wide 940 inch centers) and 150 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All treatments were made with a high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms, through 5 nozzles/row delivering 25 gal/acre at 40 psi. Application dates were Jul 31, 1979 and aug 5, 1980. Sweep net (lygus bugs) and D-Vac (lygus bugs and predators) samples were taken 1.7.14 and 21 days post-treatment. Insect counts are reported as sums of the 4 post-treatment samples and were transformed by x + 0.5 for analysis. Yields were determined by mechanical harvest of the center 4 rows of each plot. Sweep net samples one day pre-treatment were 14.5 and 11.4 L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps in 1979 and 1980 respectively.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Winter Oats, 1980
Authors: McPherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larvae in winter oats. Insecticides were applied May 30 on ‘Windsor’ oats grown on the Eastern VA Research Station in Richmond County near Warsaw, VA. A randomized block experimental design was used with 3 replications. Individual plots were 4 rows 16 ft long and spaced 0.6 ft apart. Each spray concentrate was applied to the foliage with a CO2 powered back-pack sprayer at 32 psi that delivered 26.5 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 72 hr after treatment by comparing the number of larvae per 3 row ft in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots. All 4 insecticides provided satisfactory control. However, % mortality in the Furadan, Malathion, and Larvin plots was significantly higher (P = 0.05) than in the Toxaphene plots.
Corn Earworm Control in Peanuts, 1981
Authors: Rohlfs W. M. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Wiregrass Substation at Headland, AL. Three treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a completely randomized block design. Each of the .004 ha plots was 4 rows wide (91.4 cm row spacing) and 11.28 m long. Treatments were applied on Jul 21 with a CO2 backpack sprayer equipped with D2 nozzles operating at 25 psi and delivering 232 liters/ha. Insect populations were sampled on Jul 23 by shaking peanut vines vigorously in a 1 m section of row; vines were than rolled back and the number of living H. zea were counted and recorded. Three pre-spray (Jul 21) and 3 48 hr post-spray (Jul 23) samples were taken from each plot.
Contact Toxicity of Insecticides Against the Brown Planthopper, Whitebacked Planthopper and Green Leafhopper, 1981
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Basilio R. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The pyrethroids, MTI-500 and cypermethrin were applied as 0.0025% sprays and others as 0.075% sprays, equivalent to 0.025 and 0.75 kg ai/ha respectively as based on surface area of the petri dishes in which insects were treated. Treatments were replicated 4 times and consisted of 20 three-day-old adult females per replication.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1981
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Slaymaker P. H. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rice was planted Apr 28 in Crowley silt loam at the Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR. Both tests were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 (Test I) or 3 (Test II) replications. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae by taking 5 soil cores (9 cm dia x 7 cm deep) from the drill rows of each plot; they were processed by washing through a #40 U.S. Standard soil testing sieve and floating the larvae out in brine. Test I: Insecticides (all granular) were applied by hand shaker Jun 10 to plots measuring 5 x 15 ft. The test was flooded Jun 11 and sampled Jun 30. Test II: Plots were 5 ft in dia and enclosed by aluminum flashing to prevent water movement. They were flooded on Jun 12 and the weevil population supplemented by the addition of 68 weevils per plot on Jun 17. Treatments were applied as follows: SIR-8514 and FCR-1272 were applied with an AZ CO2 powered sprayer until the spray mixture ran off the plants (1 qt per plot); Ammo, Pounce, Cymbush, and Ambush were applied to the water surface in a hydrocarbon (Exxon 4543) at 1 gal/acre; Furadan and Oncol were applied by hand shaker. Larvae were sampled Jul 1.
Control of Lesser Cornstalk Borer in Sorghum, 1981
Authors: All J. N. , Rogers B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dekalb BR64 was planted Jun 29 at the University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. The soil type was Appling sandy loam. A randomized complete block design was used with 3 row plots x 8.5 m long x 1 m wide x 1 m alleys, 5 replicates. Granules applied at planting time in a 15 cm band over the row and incorporated in the soil ca 3 cm deep. All plants in each plot were examined for lesser cornstalk borer damage 24, 31, 41 and 48 days after planting. Yield of dry matter (silage) was determined 140 days after planting by harvesting all plants in each plot.
Foliar Applications of Insecticides for Control of Chinch Bugs on Grain Sorghum, 1981
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Staples R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted near Lincoln, NE (Lancaster Co.) in a commercial field of grain sorghum planted adjacent to a wheat field infested with chinch bugs. Each plot was 3 rows (0.76 m center) wide and 9 m long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with treatments replicated 5 times. A single application of 6 insecticides at various rates was applied on Jun 20 to the plots when sorghum was ca 41-56 cm to extended leaf. Sprays were applied at 2.1 kg/cm and 299 liters/ha through a boom fitted and 1 top nozzle and 2 drop nozzles/row. Weather 1 conditions at time of application were as follows: clear, calm, ca 32°C. Chinch bugs were counted 4, 48, and 96 hr post-treatment on 5 plants in each plot.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Seedcorn Maggot on Soybean, 1981
Authors: Funderburk J. E. , Higgins R. A. , Pedigo L. P. , Higley L. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of 4 rows by 41 ft (30 inch row spacing) replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were planted on poorly drained Coland clay loam soil near Ames, IA. Before planting, meat and bonemeal (1 lb/20 ft row) were applied over the rows to enhance seedcorn maggot oviposition. Tests were planted on May 1. Damage ratings were taken on May 28 by sampling 6 x 1 m sections of row per plot. Damage ratings were total germination, percentage emerged seedlings with scarred cotyledons, and percentage emerged seedlings without plumules. Plots were harvested on Sep 25 by threshing 6 m of row per plot.
Velvetbean Caterpillar Control on Soybeans with

Bacillus

Thuringiensis

, 1980
Authors: Harper James D. , Herbert D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two small plot field trials on soybeans were sprayed on Aug 27 at the Gulf Coast substation of the Auburn University Agricultural Experiment Station in Fairhope, AL. Pre-treatment samples taken by the shake cloth technique on that date indicated populations of velvetbean caterpillars (VCB) were present at levels of 7.4 small and 8.8 medium plus large larvae/3 row ft. All subsequent evaluative larval counts consisted of one 3 ft shake cloth sample/plot. Both tests utilized a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Second applications were made to each test on Sep 10. In the first test, 13 treatments were applied to plots of 6 rows (36 in row spacing) by 150 ft. Materials wee applied with a John Deere high clearance sprayer using 20 gal of water/acre under 60 psi at 3 mph. Three TX8 cone tip nozzles were used/row, 1 on center and 1/side on 15 inch drops. In the second test, 4 treatments were utilized. Materials were applied with a CO2 pressurized knapsack sprayer delivering 7.4 gal of formulation through 3 TX4 nozzles/row at 20 psi pressure while walking at 3 mph. Plot size was 3 rows by 70 ft.
Soybeans, Japanese Beetle Control, 1981
Authors: Klostermeyer L. E. , Wimmer D. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental and registered insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against Japanese beetle on soybeans at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville, TN. Soybeans were planted in 38 inch rows on May 24. Plots were 6 rows x 20 ft with treatments replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied to the center 2 rows/plot with a 2 gal hand sprayer at 50 gal/acre spray. One treated row/plot was sampled by taking 5 sweeps along the row (ca 15 row ft) with a 15 inch dia insect net. The sample row was rotated on each date to reduce plant damage. The center 2 rows/plot were harvested on Oct 20.
Corn Earworm and Green Cloverworm Control on Soybeans in Alabama
Authors: Rohlfs W. M. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Six treatments and an untreated check were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each of the 0.01 acre plots was 4 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) and 37 ft long. Treatments were applied Aug 27 with a CO2 back-pack sprayer equipped with D-2 nozzles operating at 27 psi and delivering 22 gal/acre. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3 ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides of the row. Larvae were identified, counted and recorded. One sample from each plot was taken pre-spray (Aug 26) and 24 h and 72 h post-spray (Aug 28 and 31).