bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutraceuticals Known To Promote Hair Growth Do Not Interfere With The Inhibitory Action of Tamoxifen In MCF7, T47D And BT483 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Baker Richard , Dell’Acqua Giorgio , Richards Aleksander , Thornton M Julie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Hair loss/thinning is a common side effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer therapy. Some nutraceuticals known to promote hair growth are avoided during breast cancer therapy for fear of phytoestrogenic activity. However, not all botanical ingredients have similarities to estrogens, and in fact, no information exists as to the true interaction of these ingredients with tamoxifen. Therefore, this study sought to ascertain the effect of nutraceuticals (+/-estrogen/tamoxifen), on proliferation of breast cancer cells and the relative expression of ERα/β. Methods: Kelp, Astaxanthin, Saw Palmetto, Tocotrienols, Maca, Horsetail, Resveratrol, Curcumin and Ashwagandha were assessed on proliferation of MCF7, T-47D and BT483 breast cancer cell lines +/-17β-estradiol and tamoxifen. Each extract was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to use. Cellular ERα and ERβ expression was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Changes in the cellular localisation of ERα:ERβ and their ratio following incubation with the nutraceuticals was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Estradiol stimulated DNA synthesis in three different breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, T-47D and BT483, which was inhibited by tamoxifen; this was mirrored by a specific ERα agonist in TD47 and BT483 cells. Nutraceuticals did not interfere with tamoxifen inhibition of estrogen; some even induced further inhibition when combined with tamoxifen. The ERα:ERβ ratio was higher at mRNA and protein level in all cell lines. However, incubation with nutraceuticals induced a shift to higher ERβ expression and a localization of ERs around the nuclear periphery. Conclusions: As ERα is the key driver of estrogen-dependent breast cancer, if nutraceuticals have a higher affinity for ERβ they may offer a protective effect, particularly if they synergize and augment the actions of tamoxifen. Since ERβ is the predominant ER in the hair follicle, further studies confirming whether nutraceuticals can shift the ratio towards ERβ in hair follicle cells would support a role for them in hair growth. Although more research is needed to assess safety and efficacy, this promising data suggests the potential of nutraceuticals as adjuvant therapy for hair loss in breast cancer patients receiving endocrine therapy.
Pre-treatment controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and carcinoembryonic antigen level provide tumour progression and prognostic information in gastric cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Chen Xiuqing , Yang Liyong , Huang Linjing , Wu Peiwen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: This study explores the role of combining the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level on predicting tumour stage and prognosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients.Methods: A total of 682 GC patients were included in this retrospective study. CONUT scores and CEA levels were combined to establish a new scoring system: CONUT-CEA score. Cut-off values for distinguishing patients between stage IV and non-stage IV were established by receiver operating characteristic curves. Cut-off values for predicting prognosis were determined by maximum c2 method.Results: The CONUT and CEA cut-off values for discriminating stage IV patients from non-stage IV patients were 2.0 and 5.58 ng/ml, respectively. Logistic regression model demonstrated that high CONUT-CEA score was related to advanced tumour stage. Among non-stage IV patients, CONUT and CEA cut-off values of 2.0 and 9.50 ng/ml predicted overall survival (OS), respectively. The Cox proportional risk model revealed that high CONUT-CEA score was notable related to decreased OS (2 vs 0: hazard ratios (HR) =2.358, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.412–3.940, P=0.001) and decreased disease-free survival (2 vs 0: HR=1.980, 95% CI=1.072–3.656, P=0.003). Conclusions: The CONUT-CEA score may be a good biomarker for predicting tumour stage and prognosis in GC patients.
Prognostic Role of Ngal In Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Bhardwaj Anubhuti , Chaurasia Ajeet Kumar , Gupta Poonam , Narain Upma , Gupta Arvind 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered outcome in critically ill patients, accounting for increased mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been of paramount importance as a novel biomarker of AKI. This study is an attempt to assess the use of NGAL in critically ill patients so that timely interventions can be done to reduce morbidity and mortality in such patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at SRN Hospital from August 1st 2020 to March 15th 2021, which included only critically ill patients with SOFA score>1 and requiring ICU admission. Patients of known renal diseases were excluded from the study. Blood as well as urinary samples for NGAL and other laboratory parameters were collected within 8 hours of admission. Patients who developed renal dysfunction were noted as our cases and the others were noted as controls. Results: The study was done on 125 patients, out of which 67 developed AKI while 58 did not develop AKI. Higher mortality was seen in patients with higher stage of AKI (P- 0.011). The cutoff of serum and urinary NGAL for predicting AKI were >42.3 ng/mL, >40.5 ng/mL respectively (P value <0.001). Hazard Ratio for all cause mortality of raised serum and urinary NGAL was 2.0062 (p value- 0.0001, 95% CI-1.0031 to 1.0092) and 2.0046 (p value-0.0035, 95% CI-1.0015 to 1.0078) respectively. Serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin at values >91 and >131 respectively were found to predict requirement of hemodialysis (p value<0.001).Conclusion: A single measurement of NGAL at the time of admission had good predictive ability for AKI. Higher values of NGAL were associated with staging of AKI and thus, correlated with need of hemodialysis. Furthermore, mortality was found to be associated with development of AKI and raised NGAL. Thus, NGAL maybe used to assess the prognosis of ICU patients so that patients at high risk may be managed aggressively, thus reducing mortality.
A cross-sectional study on the drug usage of insomnia in the Chinese medicine hospital in Long gang, Shenzhen
Authors: Lin Jingfeng , Wang Zhenyi , Tian Danfeng , Xi Run , Zhang Lina , Han Zhenyun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
IntroductionInsomnia was widely distributed among the population, and it was a risk factor for many diseases. To evaluate the condition of usage of drugs in Chinese hospital of Longgang, Shenzhen, we carried this cross-sectional research. We extracted the information of drug usage, symptoms of patients by R software (version 4.0.2) from Hospital Information System (HIS). The research was registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000040703.MethodsA retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Long Gang). Insomnia patients from Jan 1, 2016 to Nov 10, 2020 were included to cross-sectional study. We analyzed the basic information, the condition of drug usage and the relation of symptoms and drug usage by R software (version 4.0.2).ResultsTotally 9439 patients were included in the study. The average age of these patients was 45.81years (SD 13.97 years). Anxiety, dreaminess, dizzy, palpitation, headache, thirsty, weakness, chest distress, annoyance, abdominal distension, bad moods, difficulty falling asleep and bitter taste were core symptoms of insomnia. Totally 14256 times (67.65%) patients received drug prescription and more than one insomnia drug was administered in 8355 patients. The 10 most used drugs ranged from more to less were Estazolam (29.99%), Zaoren Anshen Capsule (15.50%), Oryzanol (14.82%), Diazepam (14.51%), Flupentixol and Melitracen (14.30%), Alprazolam (8.12%), Zolpidem Tartrate (5.29%), Vitamin B6 (4.76%), Sertraline (4.03%), Clonazepam (2.97%). ConclusionThe drug usage for insomnia in the Chinese medicine hospital in Long gang, Shenzhen were mainly included benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines, Chinese patent medicines, anti-anxiety and anti-depression drugs, Oryzanol and Vitamin B6. The usage of Oryzanol and Vitamin B6 should be abused in Chinese medicine hospital, and the usage of Chinese medicine should be more rigorously evaluated. The nonbenzodiazepines should be promoted and broader understood in Chinese medicine hospital in Longgang, Shenzhen.
Evaluating the sensitivity of jurisdictional-heterogeneity and jurisdictional-mixing in national-level HIV prevention analyses: Context of the U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic goal.
Authors: Tatapudi Hanisha , Gopalappa Chaitra 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The U.S. Ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) plan aims to reduce annual HIV incidence by 90% by 2030, by first focusing interventions on 57 jurisdictions (county or state) (EHE-jurisdictions) that contributed to more than 50% of annual HIV diagnoses. Mathematical models that simulate future HIV incidence projections help evaluate the impact of interventions and inform intervention decisions. However, current models are either national-level, which do not consider jurisdictional-heterogeneity, or independent jurisdiction-specific, which do not consider cross jurisdictional interactions. Data suggests that significant proportion of persons have sexual-partnerships with persons outside their own jurisdiction. However, the sensitivity of these jurisdictional interactions on model outcomes and intervention decisions have not been studied. Methods: We developed a compartmental simulation of HIV in the U.S., through composition of 57 EHE and 46 non-EHE jurisdictions, with populations interacting across jurisdictions through sexual partnerships. To evaluate sensitivity of jurisdictional interactions on model outputs, we analyzed 16 scenarios, combinations of proportion of sexual-partnerships mixing outside jurisdiction: no-mixing, low-level-mixing-within-state, high-level-mixing-within-state, or high-level-mixing-within-and-outside-state; jurisdictional-heterogeneity in care and demographics: homogenous or heterogeneous; and intervention assumptions for 2019-2030: baseline or EHE-plan (diagnose, treat, and prevent).Results: Change in incidence in mixing compared to no-mixing scenarios varied by EHE and non-EHE jurisdictions and aggregation-level. When assuming jurisdictional-heterogeneity and baseline-intervention, while the change in aggregated incidence ranged from -2% to 0% for EHE and 5% to 21% for non-EHE, within each jurisdiction it ranged from -31% to 46% for EHE and -18% to 109% for non-EHE. Thus, incidence estimates were sensitive to jurisdictional-mixing more at the jurisdictional-level. As a result, jurisdiction-specific HIV-testing intervals inferred from the model to achieve the EHE-plan were also sensitive, e.g., when no-mixing scenarios suggested testing every 1 year (or 3 years), the three mixing-levels suggested testing every 0.8 to 1.2 years, 0.6 to 1.5 years, and 0.6 to 1.5 years, respectively (or 2.6 to 3.5 years, 2 to 4.8 years, and 2.2 to 4.1 years, respectively). Similar patterns were observed when assuming jurisdictional-homogeneity, however, change in incidence in mixing compared to no-mixing scenarios were high even in aggregated incidence. Conclusions: Accounting for jurisdictional-mixing and jurisdictional-heterogeneity could help improve model-based analyses.
Grafting Improves Growth and Nitrogen-use Efficiency by Enhancing NO3- Uptake, Photosynthesis, and Gene Expression of Nitrate Transporters and Nitrogen Metabolizing Enzymes in Watermelon Under Low Nitrogen
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Guo Peijin , Wang Zhiyu , Liang Jiayi , Li Guohu , He Wenwen , Zhen Ai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Excessive and insufficient application of N fertilizer can inhibit plant growth, reduce N-use efficiency (NUE) and lead to production reduction. Watermelon is an important crop that often restricted by inappropriate N supply. The study aims to test whether grafting with bottle gourd rootstock can improve NUE and growth performance of watermelon under low N and to clarify the underlying physiological mechanism. Methods Grafted (self-grafted and rootstock-grafted watermelon) and ungrafted (watermelon and bottle gourd) seedlings were tested respectively, and treated with 9 mM (normal condition) and 4 mM (low N condition) NO3--N concentrations for 18 days under hydroponic conditions.Results The growth and NUE of bottle gourd rootstock-grafted watermelon seedlings increased under low-nitrate, while decreased slightly in self-grafted seedlings compared with control. Rootstock-grafted plants had higher root morphological characteristics, NO3- uptake, photosynthesis, and NUE traits than self-grafted plants under low-nitrate. The expression of nitrate transporter genes NRT1.5 and NRT2.1, and N metabolizing enzyme genes NR, NiR, GS1 and GS2 of rootstock-grafted plants were significantly up-regulated at low-nitrate treatment, which may lead to increased NO3- uptake and metabolism.Conclusion The bottle gourd rootstock grafting can improve the growth and NUE of watermelon seedlings under low-nitrate treatment. The improved plant performance is attributed to the vigorous root systems and higher NO3- uptake of rootstock roots, and the enhanced N metabolism and photosynthetic capacity of scion leaves. Grafting with the bottle gourd rootstock may be beneficial to the efficient production of watermelon and economic application of N fertilizer.
Comparison of ‘chain cabling’ and ‘roof off’ extrication types, a biomechanical study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Nutbeam Tim , Fenwick Rob , May Barbara , Stassen Willlem , Smith Jason E , Bowdler Jono , Wallis Lee , Shippen James 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background:Following a motor vehicle collision some patients will remain trapped. Traditional extrication methods are time consuming and focus on movement minimisation and mitigation. ‘Chain cabling’ is an alternative method of extrication used in some Scandinavian countries. The optimal extrication strategy and the effect of extrication methods on spinal movement is unknown. This study compares ‘chain cabling’ to the established roof removal method of extrication on spinal movement. Methods:Biomechanical data were collected using Inertial Measurement Units on a single healthy volunteer during multiple experiments. The extrication types examined were chain cabling and roof removal. Measurements were recorded at the cervical and lumbar spine, and in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (LR) planes. Total movement (travel), maximal movement, mean, standard deviation and confidence intervals are reported.Results:Eight experiments were performed using each technique. The smallest mean overall movements were recorded during roof-off extrication (cervical spine 0.6mm for AP and LR, lumbar spine 3.9mm AP and 0.3 mm LR). The largest overall mean movements were seen with chain cabling extrication (cervical spine AP 5.3mm. LR 6.1mm and lumbar spine 6.8mm AP and 6.3mm LR). Conclusion:In this study of a healthy volunteer, roof-off extrication was associated with less movement than chain cabling. The movement associated with chain cabling extrication was similar to that previously collected for other extrication types.
Identification of AKIRIN2 as a Potential Biomarker and Correlation With Immunotherapy in Gastric Adenocarcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Sun Shaopeng , Chen Jiajia , Weng Chunyan , Lu Yifan , Cai Chang , Lv Bin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is major type of gastric cancer that endangers human health. AKIRIN2 has been shown to be associated with cholangiocarcinoma promoting invasion and angiogenesis. In this study, AKIRIN2 is highly expressed in Gastric adenocarcinoma through bioinformatics analysis based on Stomach adenocarcinoma samples data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Correlation analysis showed that the high-expression of AKIRIN2 was associated with poor survival rate compared to the low-expression group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses determined the correlation between clinical characteristics and overall survival. Next, the correlation between AKIRIN2 and immune infiltration was evaluated. The distribution of 24 immune cells and their correlation with the expression of AKIRIN2 were explored using the immune cell database. In addition, three Immune cell databases were used to verify the positive correlation between immune cells and AKIRIN2. Also, Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database was utilized to verify the correlation between AKIRIN2 expression level and the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The results showed that AKIRIN2 is an effective biomarker of Gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis, which can guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy and clarify the progress of Gastric adenocarcinoma promoted by immune microenvironment.
Production of Biodiesel From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Using Cashew Nut Shell Derived Bio-char Catalyst
Authors: Sivan Vanisree Geetha , Paleri Ansuya , Kallingal Aparna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Biodiesel has recently received widespread attention as an essential source of renewable and environmentally friendly energy due to its ease of production and clean burning. Cashew nutshell is a biomass waste readily available in India. This work studies the production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) using sulfonated cashew nutshell biochar catalyst by transesterification reaction. Catalyst efficiency is compared with a conventional catalyst for biodiesel production. Characterization of the catalyst was done using FTIR, TGA, elemental analysis, and BET. Transesterification studies were carried out using KOH and the biochar catalyst. These studies inferred that the highest conversion of CNSL to FAME is achieved by using the conventional catalyst KOH (94.2% yield) and process parameters of 650C reaction temperature, 1hr reaction time, 18:1 methanol to oil ratio, and 5 w/w % catalyst weight. The highest conversion achieved using the biochar catalyst was 43.4% at optimum process parameters. The study revealed the feasibility of producing FAME from waste biomass, which lowers production costs and benefits environmental sustainability.
Computational characterization of the behavior of a saliva droplet in a social environment
Authors: Fernandez-Gamiz Unai , Ugarte-Anero Ainara , Portal-Porras Koldo , Zulueta Ekaitz , Urbina-Garcia Oskar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The conduct of respiratory droplets is the basis of the study to reduce the spread of a virus in society. The pandemic suffered in early 2020 due to COVID-19 shows the lack of research on the evaporation and fate of droplets exhaled in the environment. The current study, attempts to provide solution through computational fluid dynamics techniques based on a multiphase state with the help of Eulerian - Lagrangian techniques to the activity of respiratory droplets. A numerical study has shown how the behavior of droplets of pure water exhaled in the environment after a sneeze or cough have a dynamic equal to the experimental curve of Wells. The droplets of saliva have been introduced as a saline solution. Considering the mass transferred and the turbulence created, the results has showed that the ambient temperature and relative humidity are parameters that significantly affect the evaporation process, and therefore to the fate. Evaporation time tends to be of a higher value when the temperature affecting the environment is lower. With constant parameters of particle diameter and ambient temperature, an increase in relative humidity increases the evaporation time. A larger particle diameter is consequently transported at a greater distance, since the opposite force it affects is the weight. Finally, a neural network based model is presented to predict particle evaporation time.
COVID19 Pandemic and Its Psychological Effects on Health Care Workers in a Socio-economically Challenged Environment; a Cross-sectional Analytical Study
Authors: Iwu Chinedu Anthony , Aguocha Chinyere , Ositadinma Pius , Chibiko Victor , Uwakwe Kenechi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: COVID19 pandemic, an unprecedented global public health event, is a potential precipitating factor of psychological distress especially among Health Care Workers (HCWs) already operating under existing socioeconomic stress. The study aims to assess prevalence, sociodemographic patterns and predictors of stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID19 Pandemic among HCWs in a socio-economically challenged environment,Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design used convenience and snowballing techniques to enrol 386 HCWs from public health institutions in Imo State, Nigeria from 2nd to 27th October 2021. A structured online questionnaire was used and Kruskal Wallis H test and Logistic Regression were performed with significance level, p≤ 0.05.Results: Prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among the HCWs were 76.7%, 32.6% and 33.4% respectively. The median stress levels in the following subcategories were above the sample median and were highest amongst their respective subcategories. Those aged 20-29 years, female, single and also, those on the job for less than 1 year, who usually take public transport and are without training in infection, prevention and control (IPC). Similarly, the median anxiety levels in females and those without IPC training were above the sample median and were highest amongst their respective subcategories and also, the median depression levels in females and single HCWs were above the sample median and were highest amongst their respective subcategories. However, singles compared to married HCWs were significantly more likely to experience anxiety (OR: 1.84; p=0.049). and also, females compared to male HCWs were significantly more likely to experience either anxiety (OR: 1.76; p=0.013) or depression (OR: 1.88; p=0.006).Conclusion: The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression appear to be high among HCWs particularly in those that are young, female and single and therefore, the provision of mental and psychosocial health services should be timely, available and accessible to all HCW.