bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative bronchopleural fistula repair: Surgical outcomes and adverse factors for its success
Authors: Yang Young Ho , Park Seong Yong , Kim Ha Eun , Park Byung Jo , Lee Chang Young , Lee Jin Gu , Kim Dae Joon , Paik Hyo Chae 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the results of postoperative bronchopleural fistula repair and to identify adverse factors for its success.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the surgical results of 39 patients who underwent surgical repair for postoperative bronchopleural fistula between January 2010 and June 2020. Success of bronchopleural fistula repair was defined as the visual closure of the bronchopleural fistula with the absence of an air leak, a recurrence of bronchopleural fistula and infection in the thoracic cavity.ResultsTwenty‐five (64.1%) bronchopleural fistulas occurred after pulmonary resection and 14 (35.9%) after lung transplantation. Bronchopleural fistula was diagnosed 19 days (median) and repaired 28 days (median) after the initial operation by primary closure in 27 (69.2%) patients, and by additional resection in 12 (30.8%) patients. The overall success rate was 59% (23/39) and the overall mortality was 56.4% (22/39). Multivariable analysis revealed that the patients who were supported by mechanical ventilation at the time of repair had significantly lower success rates than those without (15.4%, 2/13 vs. 80.8%, 21/26, respectively, p < 0.001). The omental flap group tended to have a better success rate than the muscle flap group (p = 0.07).ConclusionsThere was a high overall mortality rate after bronchopleural fistula repair and a low success rate. Mechanical ventilation at the time of bronchopleural fistula repair was significantly related to the failure of bronchopleural fistula repair.
Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and H‐type hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liao Shengyu , Guo Shuxia , Ma Rulin , He Jia , Yan Yizhong , Zhang Xianghui , Wang Xinping , Cao Boyu , Guo Heng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeThe polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T has been linked to H‐type hypertension. But the conclusion remained controversial. To elucidate this issue, we performed a comprehensive meta‐analysis to analyze the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H‐type hypertension.Materials and methodsThe English and Chinese databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies until November 2020. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used for meta‐analysis. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the relationship between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H‐type hypertension.ResultsA total of 14 studies involving 1769 cases and 1443 controls were included. The meta‐analysis results showed the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H‐type hypertension with the homozygous codominant model (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.94–5.60), heterozygous codominant model (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.53–3.58), dominant model (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.33–2.41), recessive model (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.73–4.21),and the allelic model (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.41–2.35). All p‐values were less than 0.05. Therefore, MTHFR C677T polymorphism has a positive correlation with the risk of H‐type hypertension. Among them, TT mutation has the greatest impact on the activity of this enzyme, which causes Hcy to rise and leads to H‐type hypertension.ConclusionIn summary, our results provide sufficient data to support the hypothesis that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is related to H‐type hypertension susceptibility.
Genital inflammatory status and the innate immune response to contraceptive initiation
Authors: Radzey Nina , Harryparsad Rushil , Meyer Bahiah , Chen Pai Lien , Gao Xiaoming , Morrison Charles , Taku Ongeziwe , Williamson Anna‐Lise , Mehou‐Loko Celia , Lefebvre d'Hellencourt Florence , Buck Gregory , Smit Jennifer , Strauss Jerome , Nanda Kavita , Ahmed Khatija , Beksinska Mags , Serrano Myrna , Bailey Veronique , Masson Lindi , Deese Jennifer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProblemData on the effects of contraceptives on female genital tract (FGT) immune mediators are inconsistent, possibly in part due to pre‐existing conditions that influence immune mediator changes in response to contraceptive initiation.MethodsThis study included 161 South African women randomised to injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA‐IM), copper intrauterine device (IUD), or levonorgestrel (LNG) implant in the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial. We measured thirteen cytokines and antimicrobial peptides previously associated with HIV acquisition in vaginal swabs using Luminex and ELISA, before, and at 1 and 3 months after contraceptive initiation. Women were grouped according to an overall baseline inflammatory profile. We evaluated modification of the relationships between contraceptives and immune mediators by baseline inflammation, demographic, and clinical factors.ResultsOverall, LNG implant and copper IUD initiation were associated with increases in inflammatory cytokines, while no changes were observed following DMPA‐IM initiation. However, when stratifying by baseline inflammatory profile, women with low baseline inflammation in all groups experienced significant increases in inflammatory cytokines, while those with a high baseline inflammatory profile experienced no change or decreases in inflammatory cytokines.ConclusionWe conclude that pre‐contraceptive initiation immune profile modifies the effect of contraceptives on the FGT innate immune response.
Executive functions, math anxiety and math performance in middle school students
Authors: Živković Marija , Pellizzoni Sandra , Mammarella Irene Cristina , Passolunghi Maria Chiara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious studies mainly investigated working memory (WM) and math anxiety (MA) leaving almost unexplored other aspects of executive functions (EFs) in middle school period. Filling the gap in the literature, the aims of this study were: (1) to better examine the relationship between MA and math performance, (2) to better examine the relationship between EFs and math performance and (3) to investigate the interplay between EFs and MA on math performances. This study confirmed a significant and negative relationship between MA and math performance, indicates a significant and positive relationship between visuospatial WM and math performance, shifting and math performance and highlight a scarcely investigated indirect influence of MA through the measure of shifting on math performance. Our findings shed further light on the mediating role of EFs between MA and math performance and underline some future perspectives.
Mucin‐fused myeloid‐derived growth factor (MYDGF164) exhibits a prolonged serum half‐life and alleviates fibrosis in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Du Pei , Wang Ting , Wang Hang , Yang Meijia , Yin Hongping 
Published: April 2022

Background and PurposeAlthough no effective therapy is available to stop or reverse CKD progression targeting its key feature, the loss of peritubular capillaries (PTCs) leading to interstitial fibrosis, myeloid‐derived growth factor (MYDGF) with tissue‐repairing activities enlightens its therapeutic potential for CKD. However, the extremely short circulatory lifetime (15 min) restricts its application.Experimental ApproachWe selected a tandem repeated (TR) region of human CD164 as a carrier to fuse with MYDGF and then investigated for biophysical and pharmacokinetic changes. The MYDGF164 bioactivities were validated in HUVECs and then assessed in HK‐2 cells. We also investigated its efficacy in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐treated mice and in adenine‐induced CKD rats.Key resultsMYDGF164 was modified with sialoglycans, improving its resistance to serum proteases and increasing its hydrodynamic radius. The half‐life of MYDGF164 was significantly prolonged but retained its original cell proliferation, anti‐apoptosis, and tubulogenesis activities. It selectively stimulated the proliferation in endothelial and epithelial cells through phosphorylating MAPK1/3. MYDGF164 alleviated capillary rarefaction, hypoxia, renal fibrosis, and tubular atrophy in UUO mice and in adenine‐induced CKD rats. MYDGF164 restored renal function, with normalized creatinine and urea levels in adenine‐induced CKD rats. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed that MYDGF164 protection was related to its cell‐proliferative, anti‐apoptosis, and angiogenesis activities.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study is the first successful example of using a tandem repeated region of hCD164 as a cargo protein for the pharmacokinetic improvement of therapeutic proteins. Our findings highlight the potential of MYDGF164 in alleviating renal fibrosis in CKD.
Wage offers and on‐the‐job search
Authors: Potter Tristan , Bernhardt Dan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the wage‐setting problem of an employer with private information about demand for its product when workers can engage in costly on‐the‐job search. Employers understand that low wage offers may convey bad news that induces workers to search. The unique perfect sequential equilibrium wage strategy is characterized by: (i) pooling by intermediate‐revenue employers on a common wage that just deters search, (ii) discontinuously lower revealing offers by low‐revenue employers for whom the benefit of deterring search fails to warrant the required high pooling wage and (iii) high revealing offers by high‐revenue employers seeking to deter aggressive raiders.
Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis activity and vascular function in healthy adults
Authors: Radhakutty Anjana , Lee Tien , Mangelsdorf Brenda L. , Drake Sophie M. , Burt Morton G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to assess the relationship between hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis activity, vascular function and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults.DesignOpen observational study.PatientsThirty healthy adults were studied at the Endocrine Research Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.MeasurementsHPA activity was assessed from the serum cortisol 30 min after 1 µg ACTH1‐24 (Novartis Pharmaceuticals). Subjects with a cortisol below (n = 15) and above (n = 15) the median were categorized as low and high responders, respectively. Reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) was measured fasting to estimate endothelial function. Matsuda index was calculated from glucose and insulin concentrations collected fasting and 30 minutely for 2 h after a mixed meal (10 kcal/kg, 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 40% fat). The primary endpoint was the difference in RHI between low and high responders.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age (61 ± 9 vs. 64 ± 7 years, p = .19), body mass index (BMI; 26 ± 3 vs. 24 ± 4 kg/m2, p = .25) and sex (p = .71) between low and high responders. High responders had a lower RHI (2.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2, p = .04) than low responders and there was a negative association between RHI and peak cortisol post ACTH1‐24 (β = −.56, p < .01). There were no significant differences in Matsuda index (15.0 ± 2.4 vs. 22.7 ± 5.2, p = .19) between high and low responders.ConclusionIn healthy adults, endothelial dysfunction is likely to contribute to the association between HPA hyperactivity and increased cardiovascular risk. As insulin sensitivity was not different in high and low responders, endothelial dysfunction is not primarily secondary to insulin resistance.
Proteomic analysis of the effects of caffeine in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic‐ischemic white matter damage
Authors: Yang Liu , Yu Xuefei , Zhang Yajun , Liu Na , Li Danni , Xue Xindong , Fu Jianhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimWhite matter damage (WMD) is the main cause of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment in premature infants. Although caffeine has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD, the mechanisms underlying these protective effects are unclear. Herein, proteins modulated by caffeine in neonatal rats with hypoxic‐ischemic WMD were evaluated.MethodsWe identified differential proteins and performed functional enrichment analyses between the Sham, hypoxic‐ischemic WMD (HI), and HI+caffeine‐treated WMD (Caffeine) groups. Confirmed the changes and effect of proteins in animal models and determined cognitive impairment via water maze experiments.ResultsIn paraventricular tissue, 47 differential proteins were identified between the Sham, HI, and Caffeine groups. Functional enrichment analyses showed that these proteins were related to myelination and axon formation. In particular, the myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein precursor, and sirtiun 2 (SIRT2) levels were reduced in the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD group, and this effect could be prevented by caffeine. Caffeine alleviated the hypoxic‐ischemic WMD‐induced cognitive impairment and improved MBP, synaptophysin, and postsynaptic density protein 95 protein levels after hypoxic‐ischemic WMD by preventing the HI‐induced downregulation of SIRT2; these effects were subsequently attenuated by the SIRT2 inhibitor AK‐7.ConclusionCaffeine may have clinical applications in the management of prophylactic hypoxic‐ischemic WMD; its effects may be mediated by proteins related to myelin development and synapse formation through SIRT2.
Cardiac remodeling in patients with centrifugal left ventricular assist devices assessed by serial echocardiography
Authors: Mulzer Johanna , Krastev Hristo , Hoermandinger Christoph , Merke Nicolas , Alhaloush Mazen , Schoenrath Felix , Falk Volkmar , Potapov Evgenij , Knierim Jan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to characterize the remodeling process in a large cohort of patients supported with a centrifugal left ventricular assist device (cfLVAD) by standardized serial echocardiography.Methods and ResultsFrom 3/2018 all cfLVAD patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography at 6 and 12 months after implantation using a standardized protocol. A total of 512 echocardiograms were reviewed (216 preoperative, 156 at 6 months, 140 at 12 months). While on cfLVAD support, left ventricular (LV) diameter decreased (p < .001). LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV fractional area change improved (p < .001). Potential for cfLVAD explantation (as defined by an LVEF ≥45% and opening of the aortic valve [AV]) was seen in nine patients at 6 and 21 patients at 12 months. The tricuspid annular excursion decreased significantly, while the right ventricular fractional area change did not change. Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and mitral regurgitation (MR) improved significantly during LVAD support. Opening of the AV was seen in >64% of the patients at 6 months and in 66% at 12 months. Moderate aortic regurgitation (AR) was rare with 3.8% at 6 months but increased with the duration of cfLVAD support (8.5% at 12 months). We found no significant difference in echocardiographic parameters between patients supported with a HeartWare HVAD™ or a HeartMate 3™ device.ConclusionLVAD therapy can lead to reverse LV remodeling and improvement of MR and TR. However, right ventricular function does not improve and prevalence of AR progressively increases during mechanical support.
The legacy effect of synthetic N fertiliser
Authors: Vonk Wytse J. , Hijbeek Renske , Glendining Margaret J. , Powlson David S. , Bhogal Anne , Merbach Ines , Silva João Vasco , Poffenbarger Hanna J. , Dhillon Jagman , Sieling Klaus , ten Berge Hein F. M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCumulative crop recovery of synthetic fertiliser nitrogen (N) over several cropping seasons (legacy effect) generally receives limited attention. The increment in crop N uptake after the first‐season uptake from fertiliser can be expressed as a fraction (∆RE) of the annual N application rate. This study aims to quantify ∆RE using data from nine long‐term experiments (LTEs). As such, ∆RE is the difference between first season (RE1st) and long‐term (RELT) recovery of synthetic fertiliser N. In this study, RE1st was assessed either by the 15N isotope method or by a zero‐N subplot freshly superimposed on a long‐term fertilised LTE treatment plot. RELT was calculated by comparing N uptake in the total aboveground crop biomass between a long‐term fertilised and long‐term control (zero‐N) treatment. Using a mixed linear effect model, the effects of climate, crop type, experiment duration, average N rate, and soil clay content on ∆RE were evaluated. Because the experimental setup required for the calculation of ∆RE is relatively rare, only nine suitable LTEs were found. Across these nine LTEs in Europe and North America, the mean ∆RE was 24.4% (±12.0%, 95% CI) of annual N application, with higher values for winter wheat than for maize. This result shows that fertiliser‐N retained in the soil and stubble may contribute substantially to crop N uptake in subsequent years. Our results suggest that an initial recovery of 43.8% (±11%, 95% CI) of N application may increase to around 66.0% (±15%, 95% CI) on average over time. Furthermore, we found that ∆RE was not clearly related to long‐term changes in topsoil total N stock. Our findings show that the—often used—first‐year recovery of synthetic fertiliser N application does not express the full effect of fertiliser application on crop nutrition. The fertiliser contribution to soil N supply should be accounted for when exploring future scenarios on N cycling, including crop N requirements and N balance schemes.Highlights
Nine long‐term cereal experiments in Europe and USA were analysed for long‐term crop N recovery of synthetic N fertiliser.
On average, and with application rates between 34 and 269 kg N/ha, crop N recovery increased from 43.8% in the first season to 66.0% in the long term.
Delta recovery was larger for winter wheat than maize.
Observed increases in crop N uptake were not explained by proportionate increases in topsoil total N stock.
Seizure forecasting using minimally invasive, ultra‐long‐term subcutaneous electroencephalography: Individualized intrapatient models
Authors: Viana Pedro F. , Pal Attia Tal , Nasseri Mona , Duun‐Henriksen Jonas , Biondi Andrea , Winston Joel S. , Pavão Martins Isabel , Nurse Ewan S. , Dümpelmann Matthias , Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Freestone Dean R. , Kjaer Troels W. , Richardson Mark P. , Brinkmann Benjamin H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveOne of the most disabling aspects of living with chronic epilepsy is the unpredictability of seizures. Cumulative research in the past decades has advanced our understanding of the dynamics of seizure risk. Technological advances have recently made it possible to record pertinent biological signals, including electroencephalogram (EEG), continuously. We aimed to assess whether patient‐specific seizure forecasting is possible using remote, minimally invasive ultra‐long‐term subcutaneous EEG.MethodsWe analyzed a two‐center cohort of ultra‐long‐term subcutaneous EEG recordings, including six patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy monitored for 46–230 days with median 18 h/day of recorded data, totaling >11 000 h of EEG. Total electrographic seizures identified by visual review ranged from 12 to 36 per patient. Three candidate subject‐specific long short‐term memory network deep learning classifiers were trained offline and pseudoprospectively on preictal (1 h before) and interictal (>1 day from seizures) EEG segments. Performance was assessed relative to a random predictor. Periodicity of the final forecasts was also investigated with autocorrelation.ResultsDepending on each architecture, significant forecasting performance was achieved in three to five of six patients, with overall mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of .65–.74. Significant forecasts showed sensitivity ranging from 64% to 80% and time in warning from 10.9% to 44.4%. Overall, the output of the forecasts closely followed patient‐specific circadian patterns of seizure occurrence.SignificanceThis study demonstrates proof‐of‐principle for the possibility of subject‐specific seizure forecasting using a minimally invasive subcutaneous EEG device capable of ultra‐long‐term at‐home recordings. These results are encouraging for the development of a prospective seizure forecasting trial with minimally invasive EEG.
Parents in couple therapy: An intervention targeting marital and coparenting relationships
Authors: Darwiche Joëlle , Carneiro Claudio , Vaudan Christel , Imesch Camille , Eira Nunes Cindy , Favez Nicolas , de Roten Yves 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article describes the treatment framework and core therapeutic principles of the integrative brief systemic intervention (IBSI), a manualized six‐session intervention intended for parents seeking couple therapy. IBSI aims to work on the couple's presenting problem, considering its specific impact in the marital and coparenting domains. The basic premise of IBSI is to consider that, when working with couples who have children, therapeutic work on their coparenting alliance may be used as a lever, as both parents may be particularly motivated to improve their relationship for their children's benefit. Increasing the coparenting alliance may then facilitate work on deeper conflicts within the marital relationship. The core therapeutic principles of IBSI are: (1) joining with the couple as romantic partners and a coparenting team from the start of the therapeutic process; (2) supporting the parents in increasing their awareness regarding their children's behavior and emotional experiences when facing their parents’ conflicts; and (3) working on the spill‐ and cross‐over effects between marital and coparenting relationships (i.e., exploring how conflict or positivity spills over from one relationship to the other or crosses over from one partner to the other). Therapeutic work following these main therapeutic principles is expected to improve the quality of both relationships. A clinical case is provided to illustrate the core therapeutic principles of IBSI.
Summary and synthesis of research on what works in stepfamily childrearing
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Coleman Marilyn , Sanner Caroline , Berkley Steven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purposes of this review are (a) to summarize holistically and synthesize research evidence about “what works” regarding effective stepfamily childrearing (i.e., behaviors that contribute to children's physical, cognitive, and emotional well‐being) drawn from three research reviews and (b) explore implications of a “what works” approach in family scholarship.BackgroundThis project was designed to identify research‐based evidence about effective childrearing in stepfamilies by parents, stepparents, and coparents.MethodWe examined 2338 reports, identifying 119 studies yielding empirical evidence about “what works” in stepfamily childrearing.ResultsOn the basis of our analyses of these studies, we find that researchers have found multiple ways children in stepfamilies are effectively raised and that stepchildren benefit when (a) parents exercise parental control by disciplining and setting rules early, (b) stepparents focus on bonding with stepchildren while parents work at maintaining close bonds with children, (c) stepparents and parents agree on rules and roles, (d) coparenting subsystems work collaboratively, and (e) parents and stepparents engage in activities to facilitate family cohesion.ConclusionsStudies from a “what works” perspective were conducted using a variety of methods and approaches. Effective childrearing in stepfamilies benefits individual, relational, and stepfamily well‐being and effective stepfamily functioning. There are multiple ways to effectively raise children in stepfamilies. There are still things we do not know about childrearing in stepfamilies, however.ImplicationsFocusing on resilience processes and positive family dynamics yield findings transferable to real‐world applications. Many areas of family scholarship would benefit from a what works perspective.