bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic reconfiguration enables synthetic reductive metabolism in yeast
Authors: Yu Tao , Liu Quanli , Wang Xiang , Liu Xiangjian , Chen Yun , Nielsen Jens 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCell proliferation requires the integration of catabolic processes to provide energy, redox power and biosynthetic precursors. Here we show how the combination of rational design, metabolic rewiring and recombinant expression enables the establishment of a decarboxylation cycle in the yeast cytoplasm. This metabolic cycle can support growth by supplying energy and increased provision of NADPH or NADH in the cytosol, which can support the production of highly reduced chemicals such as glycerol, succinate and free fatty acids. With this approach, free fatty acid yield reached 40% of theoretical yield, which is the highest yield reported for Saccharomyces cerevisiae to our knowledge. This study reports the implementation of a synthetic decarboxylation cycle in the yeast cytosol, and its application in achieving high yields of valuable chemicals in cell factories. Our study also shows that, despite extensive regulation of catabolism in yeast, it is possible to rewire the energy metabolism, illustrating the power of biodesign.
A review of market power‐mitigation mechanisms in electricity markets
Authors: Lin Xueshan , Wang Beibei , Xiang Zhongming , Zheng Yaxian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractParticipants in the supply and demand sides of electricity markets can potentially exercise their market power for their benefits. Hence, market power mitigation is an essential component of market management that physically and economically benefits operators by ensuring fairness in deregulated electricity markets. However, the mechanisms of mitigating market power in electricity markets pose several challenges in terms of market structure monitoring, market power evaluation, and market power mitigation. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of market power mitigation mechanisms in electricity markets. First, a review of market structure monitoring and market power evaluation methods is provided to assess participants’ potential and degree of use/abuse of market power. Then, a detailed review of optimal bidding strategies in the supply and demand sides of electricity markets is provided. Accordingly, a systematic classification of market power mitigation is described. Finally, market power mitigation challenges and potential future research directions are discussed.
Razor-thin dust layers in protoplanetary disks: Limits on the vertical shear instability
Authors: Dullemond C. P. , Ziampras A. , Ostertag D. , Dominik C. 
Published: October 2022

Context. Recent observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) have shown that the large dust aggregates observed at millimeter wavelengths settle to the midplane into a remarkably thin layer. This sets strong limits on the strength of the turbulence and other gas motions in these disks.
Aims. We intend to find out if the geometric thinness of these layers is evidence against the vertical shear instability (VSI) operating in these disks. We aim to verify if a dust layer consisting of large enough dust aggregates could remain geometrically thin enough to be consistent with the latest observations of these dust layers, even if the disk is unstable to the VSI. If this is falsified, then the observed flatness of these dust layers proves that these disks are stable against the VSI, even out to the large radii at which these dust layers are observed.
Methods. We performed hydrodynamic simulations of a protoplanetary disk with a locally isothermal equation of state, and let the VSI fully develop. We sprinkled dust particles with a given grain size at random positions near the midplane and followed their motion as they got stirred up by the VSI, assuming no feedback onto the gas. We repeated the experiment for different grain sizes and determined for which grain size the layer becomes thin enough to be consistent with ALMA observations. We then verified if, with these grain sizes, it is still possible (given the constraints of dust opacity and gravitational stability) to generate a moderately optically thick layer at millimeter wavelengths, as observations appear to indicate.
Results. We found that even very large dust aggregates with Stokes numbers close to unity get stirred up to relatively large heights above the midplane by the VSI, which is in conflict with the observed geometric thinness. For grains so large that the Stokes number exceeds unity, the layer can be made to remain thin, but we show that it is hard to make dust layers optically thick at ALMA wavelengths (e.g., τ1.3mm ≳ 1) with such large dust aggregates.
Conclusions. We conclude that protoplanetary disks with geometrically thin midplane dust layers cannot be VSI unstable, at least not down to the disk midplane. Explanations for the inhibition of the VSI out to several hundreds of au include a high dust-to-gas ratio of the midplane layer, a modest background turbulence, and/or a reduced dust-to-gas ratio of the small dust grains that are responsible for the radiative cooling of the disk. A reduction of small grains by a factor of between 10 and 100 is sufficient to quench the VSI. Such a reduction is plausible in dust growth models, and still consistent with observations at optical and infrared wavelengths.
GBT/MUSTANG-2 9″ resolution imaging of the SZ effect in MS0735.6+7421
Authors: Orlowski-Scherer John , Haridas Saianeesh K. , Di Mascolo Luca , Sarmiento Karen Perez , Romero Charles E. , Dicker Simon , Mroczkowski Tony , Bhandarkar Tanay , Churazov Eugene , Clarke Tracy E. , Devlin Mark , Gaspari Massimo , Lowe Ian , Mason Brian , Sarazin Craig L. , Sievers Jonathon , Sunyaev Rashid 
Published: October 2022

Context.Mechanical feedback from active galactic nuclei is thought to be the dominant feedback mechanism quenching cooling flows and star formation in galaxy cluster cores. It, in particular, manifests itself by creating cavities in the X-ray emitting gas, which are observed in many clusters. However, the nature of the pressure supporting these cavities is not known.Aims.Using the MUSTANG-2 instrument on the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), we aimed to measure thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect signals associated with the X-ray cavities in MS0735.6+7421, a moderate-mass cluster that hosts one of the most energetic active galactic nucleus outbursts known. We used these measurements to infer the level of nonthermal sources of pressure that support the cavities, such as magnetic fields and turbulence, as well as relativistic and cosmic ray components.Methods.We used the preconditioned gradient descent method to fit a model for the cluster, cavities, and central point source directly to the time-ordered data of the MUSTANG-2 signal. We used this model to probe the thermodynamic state of the cavities.Results.We show that the SZ signal associated with the cavities is suppressed compared to the expectations for a thermal plasma with temperatures of a few tens of keV. The smallest value of the suppression factor,f, that is consistent with the data is ∼0.4, lower than what has been inferred in earlier work. Larger values offare possible once the contribution of the cocoon shock surrounding the cavities is taken into account.Conclusions.We conclude that in the “thermal” scenario, when half of the pressure support comes from electrons with a Maxwellian velocity distribution, the temperature of these electrons must be greater than ∼100 keV at 2.5σconfidence. Alternatively, electrons with nonthermal momentum distribution could contribute to the pressure, although existing data do not distinguish between these two scenarios. The baseline model with cavities located in the sky plane yields a best-fitting value of the thermal SZ signal suppression inside cavities off ∼ 0.5, which, at face value, implies a mix of thermal and nonthermal pressure support. Larger values off(up to 1, i.e., no thermal SZ signal from the cavities) are still possible when allowing for variations in the line-of-sight geometry.
Overview of knowledge management in EURAD
Authors: Beattie Tara , Belmans Niels , Carbol Paul , Cowley Michelle , Faltejsek Jiří , Grambow Bernd , Holt Erika , Salat Elisabeth , Tatomir Alexandru , Théodon Louise , Winsley Robert , Zuidema Piet 
Published: October 2022

Knowledge management is a core activity for the European Member States (MSs) implementing the Council Directive EC 2011/70/EURATOM. Twenty-one MSs and two associated countries have mandated their respective radioactive waste management, safety and research organisations to contribute to the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD). EURAD has established a Knowledge Management and Networking Programme which supports the capturing of knowledge and its transfer among organisations, Member States and generations. EURAD as a Joint Programming has an utmost advantage, compared to individual projects, as it provides:processes for knowledge sharing, for example interaction between the different radioactive waste management (RWM) actors to find out what is already known and what is most useful to investigate further.Resources and people to develop new knowledge and/or to support preservation of existing knowledge at risk, for example access to experts, networks and communities of practice.Tools and technology capable of handling different forms of knowledge, with a focus on socialising, signposting and aggregating existing knowledge sources.This paper intends to describe the role of knowledge management and networking in EURAD, how knowledge generated by EURAD Workpackages and RWM organisations is captured and how we provide added value to MSs. Furthermore, it explains how we cooperate and work together towards common knowledge preservation goals with the EC PREDIS project, IAEA and OECD/NEA, to avoid duplication of work and maximise impact.
Concentration estimates for random subspaces of a tensor product and application to quantum information theory
Authors: Collins Benoît , Parraud Félix 
Published: October 2022

Given a random subspace Hn chosen uniformly in a tensor product of Hilbert spaces Vn ⊗ W, we consider the collection Kn of all singular values of all norm one elements of Hn with respect to the tensor structure. A law of large numbers has been obtained for this random set in the context of W fixed and the dimension of Hn, Vn tending to infinity at the same speed by Belinschi, Collins, and Nechita [Commun. Math. Phys. 341(3), 885–909 (2016)]. In this paper, we provide measure concentration estimates in this context. The probabilistic study of Kn was motivated by important questions in quantum information theory and allowed us to provide the smallest known dimension for the dimension of an ancilla space, allowing for Minimum Output Entropy (MOE) violation. With our estimates, we are able, as an application, to provide actual bounds for the dimension of spaces where the violation of MOE occurs.
Development of an x-ray radiography platform to study laser-direct-drive energy coupling at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Ceurvorst L. , Theobald W. , Rosenberg M. J. , Radha P. B. , Stoeckl C. , Betti R. , Anderson K. S. , Marozas J. A. , Goncharov V. N. , Campbell E. M. , Shuldberg C. M. , Luo R. W. , Sweet W. , Aghaian L. , Carlson L. , Bachmann B. , Döppner T. , Hohenberger M. , Glize K. , Scott R. H. H. , Colaïtis A. , Regan S. P. 
Published: October 2022

A platform has been developed to study laser-direct-drive energy coupling at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) using a plastic sphere target irradiated in a polar-direct-drive geometry to launch a spherically converging shock wave. To diagnose this system evolution, eight NIF laser beams are directed onto a curved Cu foil to generate Heα line emission at a photon energy of 8.4 keV. These x rays are collected by a 100-ps gated x-ray imager in the opposing port to produce temporally gated radiographs. The platform is capable of acquiring images during and after the laser drive launches the shock wave. A backlighter profile is fit to the radiographs, and the resulting transmission images are Abel inverted to infer radial density profiles of the shock front and to track its temporal evolution. The measurements provide experimental shock trajectories and radial density profiles that are compared to 2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations using cross-beam energy transfer and nonlocal heat-transport models.
Role of Al additions in secondary phase formation in CoCrFeNi high entropy alloys
Authors: Anber Elaf A. , Smith Nathan C. , Liaw Peter K. , Wolverton Christopher M. , Taheri Mitra L. 
Published: October 2022

AlxCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), also referred to as multiprincipal element alloys, have attracted significant interest due to their promising mechanical and structural properties. Despite these attributes, AlxCoCrFeNi HEAs are susceptible to phase separation, forming a wide range of secondary phases upon aging, including NiAl–B2 and Cr-rich phases. Controlling the formation of these phases will enable the design of age-hardenable alloys with optimized corrosion resistance. In this study, we examine the critical role of Al additions and their concentration on the stability of the CoCrFeNi base alloy, uncovering the connections between Al composition and the resulting microstructure. Addition of 0.1 mol fraction of Al destabilizes the single-phase microstructure and results in the formation of Cr-rich body-centered-cubic (bcc) phases. Increasing the composition of Al (0.3–0.5 mol fraction) results in the formation of more complex coprecipitates, NiAl–B2 and Cr-rich bcc. Interestingly, we find that the increase of the Al content stimulates the formation of NiAl–B2 phases, increases the overall density of secondary phases, and influences the content of Cr in Cr-rich bcc phases. Density functional theory calculations of simple decomposition reactions of AlxCoCrFeNi HEAs corroborate the tendency for precipitate formation of these phases upon increased Al composition. Additionally, these calculations support previous results, indicating the base CoCrFeNi alloy to be unstable at low temperature. This work provides a foundation for predictive understanding of phase evolution, opening the window toward designing innovative alloys for targeted applications.
Flexible engineering of circular dichroism enabled by chiral surface lattice resonances
Authors: Qiao Shuqi , Liang Qinghua , Zhang Xiaochen , Liu Xing , Feng Shuai , Ji Chang-Yin , Guo Honglian , Li Jiafang 
Published: October 2022

Engineering the chiroptical responses of artificial nanostructures is vital for realizing applications in the fields of optical devices, enantioselective separation, and bio-sensing. Here, by utilizing the nano-kirigami based meta-molecule arrays, the flexible engineering of circular dichroism (CD) is achieved in the near-infrared wavelength region by the excitation of chiral surface lattice resonances (SLRs). It is found that the chiral SLRs can be flexibly tailored by a tiny structural perturbation. As a result, the wavelength, intensity, and sign of CD peak/dip can be abruptly engineered. Specifically, a CD peak with the value of +0.44 is evolved into a CD dip with an intensity of −0.66 when the etching silt length of the meta-molecules is simply decreased by 190 nm. Importantly, such CD reversal is experimentally demonstrated with the nano-kirigami method without requiring the inversion of geometric chirality. Moreover, it is found that the asymmetric dielectric environment around the meta-molecules can significantly suppress the chiral SLRs, providing an insightful understanding of the chiral SLR. Such flexible tailoring of the CD with chiral SLRs paves a versatile way toward the manipulation of chiral light–matter interactions and chiroptical functional devices.
Release protocols to address hyperdispersal in a novel translocation of a carnivorous marsupial
Authors: West Rebecca , Moseby Katherine , Read John , Pedler Reece 
Published: October 2022

Initial translocations are inherently risky due to uncertainty around species-specific responses to novel environments. Incorporating a range of release protocols can minimise risks of translocation failure. We identified post-translocation hyperdispersal as a risk to the first translocation of the crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda), an Australian carnivorous marsupial, and tested temporary confinement and releasing females with pouch young as mitigation strategies. We released 16 females with pouch young and 3 males into unoccupied burrows within a 20 km2 feral animal exclosure, either within temporary confinement pens (n = 10) or without confinement (immediate release) (n = 9). Temporary confinement did not influence survival but did influence dispersal behaviour. Thirty-seven percent of translocated individuals (all 3 males, 4 of 16 females) hyperdispersed (3.0–11.6 km) outside the study exclosure after release, including 42% immediate release animals and 29% temporary confinement animals. No males remained in the exclosure at the study end. Confined females settled closer to their release site. Release of females with pouch young led to an increase in the translocated population from 9 to 58 individuals within 4 months. Releasing females with young from geographically distant sites may be important to offset male hyperdispersal. Our results suggest that temporary confinement and translocating breeding females are important release protocols for species with a propensity for hyperdispersal post-translocation.
Strain differences in effects of dietary supplementation with
Authors: Vosoogh Sharifi Omid , Karimi Torshizi Mohammad Amir , Rahimi Shaban , Dalimi Asl Abdolhossein , Raei Hamid 
Published: October 2022

Context Concerns about feed costs and environmental pollution in the poultry industry may be alleviated through use of Aspergillus spp. for prebiotic supplementation in reduced-protein diets. Aim We studied different A. niger cultures as supplements in protein-reduced diets for effects on performance, organ weights, plasma biochemistry, ileal microflora and meat lipid oxidation of young broilers. Methods Two strains of A. niger from a fungi collection were cultured in wheat bran by solid-state fermentation. Male broilers (Ross 308, 1 day old, n = 192) were randomly assigned to 24 cages in a completely randomised design with four treatments in six replicates of eight birds. Diets were formulated for starter (Days 1–10) and grower (Days 11–24) phases to meet nutrient requirements (control) or to contain 95% of recommended crude protein (reduced protein). For two treatments, uncultured wheat bran (1.5 g/kg) was added to control or reduced-protein diets. The other treatments comprised wheat bran cultured by one of the two A. niger strains in reduced-protein diets. Key results Body weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in groups supplemented with A. niger, and feed intake was generally higher with Strain 1 supplementation than other treatments. Feed conversion ratio was generally highest in broilers fed reduced protein with uncultured wheat bran. Relative weights of proventriculus and small intestine were lowest with A. niger 2 supplementation, and abdominal fat was lowest in both A. niger groups. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol and uric acid decreased with A. niger 1 supplementation, and high-density lipoprotein, total protein and globulin increased with A. niger 2 supplementation (P < 0.05). Meat malondialdehyde content was decreased (P < 0.05) in both A. niger groups. Broilers receiving Strain 2 showed higher ileal counts of lactic acid bacteria and total aerobic bacteria, and all reduced-protein groups showed lower coliform count, than the control (P < 0.05). Conclusion Use of A. niger culture in wheat bran to supplement a lower protein broiler diet improves some parameters, including growth performance and lipid oxidative stability of meat. Some strain differences are evident. Implication Addition of fermentation products such as produced by A. niger to low-protein diets can reduce production costs while maintaining quality.
The medium is not the message
Authors: Scheffler Tatjana , Kern Lesley-Ann , Seemann Hannah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Linguistic expressions in social media vary along many axes, including author style, the specific medium and its
affordances, and others. In this paper, we argue that different registers must be distinguished within social media and that
register should be included as an important factor independent of (social) medium in analyses of variable linguistic phenomena. We
introduce a new German cross-media corpus, consisting of blog posts and tweets from the same 44 authors. We define the registers
as ‘Informative’, ‘Narrative’, and ‘Persuasive’, based on situational characteristics of the texts. We then correlate the
registers with two variable linguistic phenomena: German modal and intensifying particles. In each case, we document considerable
inter- and intraindividual variation in the expressions used and their frequency across texts. The statistical analysis shows that
the register grouping corresponds more closely to linguistic similarities between texts than the grouping by medium does.
A Bernstein–von-Mises theorem for the Calderón problem with piecewise constant conductivities
Authors: Bohr Jan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This note considers a finite dimensional statistical model for the Calderón problem with piecewise constant conductivities. In this setting it is shown that injectivity of the forward map and its linearisation suffice to prove the invertibility of the information operator, resulting in a Bernstein–von-Mises theorem and optimality guarantees for estimation by Bayesian posterior means.
Highly efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting in two-dimensional van der Waals MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructure
Authors: Hao Jiamao , Wu Jun , Wang Donghua , Wang Chengdeng , Luo Mengqin , Xie Lijuan , Zhu Fang , Yan Xiaoqin , Gu Yousong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have attracted much attention due to their unique properties in photocatalysis, electronics, and energy storage. This work comprehensively analyzed the electronic properties and photocatalytic efficiency properties of 2D vdW MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructure by first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulation. An ideal band gap of 1.44 eV was found for visible light absorption. Meanwhile, a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 17.14% is obtained from the calculated band-edge positions, and a high power conversion efficiency of 13.84% is also confirmed by spectroscopy limited maximum efficiency simulation. We estimate the time scale for electron–hole transfer and recombination times using a combination of non-adiabatic molecular dynamics and time-dependent density functional theory. A suitable e-h recombination time of 1.86 ns and electron (hole) transfer time of 331 (978) fs are obtained in the 2D MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructure, which is expected to ensure high photocatalytic efficiency. Therefore, the constructed MoS2/Hf2CO2 heterostructures provide a new example for the prediction of high-performance nano optoelectronic devices.