bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between atomically dispersed copper and phosphorous species are key for the hydrochlorination of acetylene
Authors: Wang Ting , Jiang Zhao , Tang Qi , Wang Bolin , Wang Saisai , Yu Mingde , Chang Renqin , Yue Yuxue , Zhao Jia , Li Xiaonian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVinyl chloride, the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is industrially synthesized via acetylene hydrochlorination. Thereby, easy to sublimate but toxic mercury chloride catalysts are widely used. It is imperative to find environmentally friendly non-mercury catalysts to promote the green production of PVC. Low-cost copper-based catalysts are promising candidates. In this study, phosphorus-doped Cu-based catalysts are prepared. It is shown that the type of phosphorus configuration and the distribution on the surface of the carrier can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. Among the different phosphorus species, the formed P-C bond plays a key role. The coordination structure formed by the interaction between P-C bonds and atomically dispersed Cu2+species results in effective and stable active sites. Insights on how P-C bonds activate the substrate may provide ideas for the design and optimization of phosphorus-doped catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.
On the dual effect of obstacles in preventing silo clogging in 2D
Authors: Gella Diego , Yanagisawa Daichi , Caitano Rodrigo , Ferreyra María Victoria , Zuriguel Iker 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlacing an obstacle in front of a bottleneck has been proposed as a sound alternative to improve the flow of discrete materials in a wide variety of scenarios. Nevertheless, the physical reasons behind this behavior are not fully understood and the suitability of this practice has been recently challenged for pedestrian evacuations. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate that for the case of inert grains discharging from a silo, an obstacle above the exit leads to a reduction of clog formation via two different mechanisms: i) an alteration of the kinematic properties in the outlet proximities that prevents the stabilization of arches; and ii) an introduction of a clear anisotropy in the contact fabric tensor that becomes relevant when working at a quasi-static regime. Then, both mechanisms are encompassed using a single formulation that could be inspiring for other, more complex, systems.
Stratospheric Final Warmings fall into two categories with different evolution over the course of the year
Authors: Hauchecorne Alain , Claud Chantal , Keckhut Philippe , Mariaccia Alexis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn early spring the stratospheric zonal circulation reverses from westerly to easterly. The transition, called Stratospheric Final Warming (SFW), may be smooth and late, mainly controlled by the solar radiative heating of the polar region, or early and abrupt with rapid increase of polar temperature and deceleration of the zonal wind, forced by the planetary wave activity. Here we present a study, based on 71 years meteorological reanalysis data. Two composites of radiative and dynamical SFWs have been built. There is a very significant difference in the evolution during the year of polar temperature and 60°N zonal wind between the two composites. The state of the polar vortex on given month is anticorrelated with its state 2 to 3 months earlier. Early winter is anticorrelated with mid-winter and mid-winter with late winter/early spring. The summer stratosphere keeps a memory of its state in April–May after the SFW until late June.
An explosive component in a December 2020 Milan earthquake suggests outgassing of deeply recycled carbon
Authors: Malusà Marco Giovanni , Brandmayr Enrico , Panza Giuliano Francesco , Romanelli Fabio , Ferrando Simona , Frezzotti Maria Luce 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbon dragged at sub-arc depths and sequestered in the asthenospheric upper mantle during cold subduction is potentially released after millions of years during the breakup of continental plates. However, it is unclear whether these deep-carbon reservoirs can be locally remobilized on shorter-term timescales. Here we reveal the fate of carbon released during cold subduction by analyzing an anomalously deep earthquake in December 2020 in the lithospheric mantle beneath Milan (Italy), above a deep-carbon reservoir previously imaged in the mantle wedge by geophysical methods. We show that the earthquake source moment tensor includes a major explosive component that we ascribe to carbon-rich melt/fluid migration along upper-mantle shear zones and rapid release of about 17,000 tons of carbon dioxide when ascending melts exit the carbonate stability field. Our results underline the importance of carbon-rich melts at active continental margins for emission budgets and suggest their potential episodic contributions to atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Tissue engineered vascular grafts transform into autologous neovessels capable of native function and growth
Authors: Blum Kevin M. , Zbinden Jacob C. , Ramachandra Abhay B. , Lindsey Stephanie E. , Szafron Jason M. , Reinhardt James W. , Heitkemper Megan , Best Cameron A. , Mirhaidari Gabriel J. M. , Chang Yu-Chun , Ulziibayar Anudari , Kelly John , Shah Kejal V. , Drews Joseph D. , Zakko Jason , Miyamoto Shinka , Matsuzaki Yuichi , Iwaki Ryuma , Ahmad Hira , Daulton Robbie , Musgrave Drew , Wiet Matthew G. , Heuer Eric , Lawson Emily , Schwarz Erica , McDermott Michael R. , Krishnamurthy Rajesh , Krishnamurthy Ramkumar , Hor Kan , Armstrong Aimee K. , Boe Brian A. , Berman Darren P. , Trask Aaron J. , Humphrey Jay D. , Marsden Alison L. , Shinoka Toshiharu , Breuer Christopher K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have the potential to advance the surgical management of infants and children requiring congenital heart surgery by creating functional vascular conduits with growth capacity.

Methods
Herein, we used an integrative computational-experimental approach to elucidate the natural history of neovessel formation in a large animal preclinical model; combining an in vitro accelerated degradation study with mechanical testing, large animal implantation studies with in vivo imaging and histology, and data-informed computational growth and remodeling models.

Results
Our findings demonstrate that the structural integrity of the polymeric scaffold is lost over the first 26 weeks in vivo, while polymeric fragments persist for up to 52 weeks. Our models predict that early neotissue accumulation is driven primarily by inflammatory processes in response to the implanted polymeric scaffold, but that turnover becomes progressively mechano-mediated as the scaffold degrades. Using a lamb model, we confirm that early neotissue formation results primarily from the foreign body reaction induced by the scaffold, resulting in an early period of dynamic remodeling characterized by transient TEVG narrowing. As the scaffold degrades, mechano-mediated neotissue remodeling becomes dominant around 26 weeks. After the scaffold degrades completely, the resulting neovessel undergoes growth and remodeling that mimicks native vessel behavior, including biological growth capacity, further supported by fluid–structure interaction simulations providing detailed hemodynamic and wall stress information.

Conclusions
These findings provide insights into TEVG remodeling, and have important implications for clinical use and future development of TEVGs for children with congenital heart disease.
Performance assessment of stacked air-cathode microbial fuel cells under series and parallel electrical connections
Authors: Di Micco Simona , De Falco Pasquale , Minutillo Mariagiovanna , Bracale Antonio , Caramia Pierluigi , Gifuni Angelo , Grassini Giuseppe 
Published: January 2022

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are playing an important role in the context of sustainable energy development. They represent a sustainable approach to harvest electricity from biodegradable materials. However, harvesting energy from MFCs represents a critical issue because of the low output voltage and power produced. Realizing stacked configurations may involve an increase in MFCs performances in terms of output voltage, current and electric power.
In this paper, two stacked configurations under different electrical connection modes have been designed, developed, modeled and tested. The stacked MFCs consist of 4 reactors (28 mL x4) that are connected in series, and parallel-series modes. Three different tests have been carried out, which involves: 1) performing the polarization and power curves by applying decreasing resistances; 2) assessment of the electric behavior of each reactor over time at a fixed resistance, 3) performing the polarization and power curves by applying increasing resistances. Moreover, a numerical model for predicting the transient behavior of the electrical quantities for one reactor, has been developed and validated by using the experimental data. As expected, the results highlighted that the parallel-series configuration assures the highest volumetric power density compared to the series configuration, reaching the maximum value of 1248.5 mW/m3 (139.8 µW) at 0.291 mA. Eventually, by comparing the numerical and the experimental data, it has been demonstrated that the developed model is able to predict the reactor’s electrical trend with a good accuracy.
The Pretreatment Controlling Nutritional Status Score in Ovarian Cancer: Influence on Prognosis, Surgical Outcome, and Postoperative Complication Rate
Authors: Bekos Christine , Grimm Christoph , Gensthaler Lisa , Bartl Thomas , Reinthaller Alexander , Schwameis Richard , Polterauer Stephan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction The Controlling Nutritional (CONUT) Status score is an established predictor of impaired prognosis in patients with solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the CONUT score for overall survival and perioperative complication rates in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Patients In this retrospective study we assessed the data of 337 consecutive patients with ovarian cancer. The CONUT score was associated with surgical outcome, postoperative complications and clinicopathological parameters. We used univariate log-rank test and multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the association between pretreatment CONUT scores and survival.
Results A low CONUT score (0 – 2) was associated with an early FIGO stage (p = 0.004), complete tumor resection (p < 0.001), less neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.017) and other histologies than serous cystadenocarcinoma (p = 0.006). Postoperative complications were observed in 51.4% and 60.5% of patients with a CONUT score of 0 – 2 and a score > 2, respectively (p = 0.161). A shorter overall survival was observed in patients with a CONUT score > 2 compared to patients with a low CONUT score, with 5-year overall survival rates of 31.5% and 58.7%, respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, both advanced age (p < 0.001) and FIGO stage (p < 0.001), residual disease (p < 0.001) and a high CONUT score (p = 0.048) were independently associated with unfavorable overall survival.
Conclusion Pretreatment CONUT score is an independent prognostic marker for overall survival and associated with successful surgery. Patients with a high CONUT score might benefit from pretreatment nutritional intervention.
Hydrated Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion in Dogs: Thoracolumbar Compared to Cervical Cases
Authors: Kristiansen K. V. , Schmökel H. , Vermeire S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to review and describe cases of thoracolumbar (TL) hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE) diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging and surgery, and compare them to cases of cervical (C) HNPE.Study Design Retrospective, single-center study.Results Thirty-six dogs met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen cases were C and 21 TL. Thirteen dogs were chondrodystrophic breeds, mean body weight was 13 kg, median age was 7.5 years, and 30/36 were male. Fewer dogs were chondrodystrophic in the C group compared with the TL group (p = 0.022). More than 90% had an acute onset, and strong activity was more often reported in the TL group. TL HNPE was more often painful, and extruded disc material more often lateralized (p = 0.017). Median Modified Frankel Score at presentation was 3 and 72.2% were non-ambulatory. More TL HNPE (11/21) were treated surgically compared with C HNPE (4/15). Treatment choice was correlated with spinal cord compression (p = 0.0075). Median Modified Frankel Score improved during hospitalization (p = 0.002) and there was no difference in outcome between C and TL HNPE or conservative and surgical treatment. Mean follow-up time was 33 days. All patients were ambulatory at follow-up.Conclusion This study suggests that the HNPE is not limited to the C vertebral column of dogs and can occur in the TL vertebral column as well. Dogs with TL HNPE show spinal hyperesthesia more often and extruded nucleus material is more often lateralized. Outcome is similar to what has previously been described for C HNPE.
Garré's Sclerosing Osteomyelitis with Perimandibular Soft Tissue Inflammation and Fistula
Authors: Shanmuga Jayanthan S. , Ganesh Rajagopal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGarré's sclerosing osteomyelitis is a form of chronic osteomyelitis that commonly affects children and young adults. Here, we report one such case of Garré's sclerosing osteomyelitis in a 20-year-old female who presented with facial asymmetry and inability to open mouth. On clinical examination, it was bony hard swelling with trismus. History of infected second molar tooth extraction was present. Computed tomography scan showed thickening and sclerosis of the ramus and condylar process of mandible, on right side, with proliferative periostitis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed soft tissue edema and inflammation, in the form of enlargement of right masseter and pterygoid muscles with intramuscular fluid collection. On the basis of history, clinical signs, and imaging features, diagnosis of Garré's osteomyelitis with fascial space infection was made. To our knowledge, very few cases of Garré's osteomyelitis present with superimposed fascial space infection, as it is otherwise a nonsuppurative condition. Fistula formation is a very rare incidence as it is seen in our case.
Getting Vaccinated Helps: Prospective Study Reveals Lower CT Severity Scores amongst COVID Vaccine Recipients
Authors: Joshi Priscilla C. , Jahanvi Vandana , Mahajan Mangal S. , Patil Nivedita C. Ghule , Moradiya Priyankkumar G. , Pawar Shivani N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Context Computerized tomography (CT) is an invaluable imaging investigation for evaluating COVID-19 disease. CT detects early changes of COVID-19 pneumonia and predicts the disease prognosis based on a semiquantitative 25-point CT severity score (CT-SS). India launched its vaccination drive in January 2021 with two different vaccines being approved by the government. These vaccines are believed to prevent the disease itself, in majority of the cases and at least decrease disease severity, in the rest.
Aim This study aims to evaluate the CT-SS in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects who have been diagnosed with COVID-pneumonia or are COVID suspects.
Subjects and Methods A total of 3,235 patients with typical COVID-19 related imaging findings on HRCT thorax were included in the study. These subjects were divided into three age categories, 18–44, 45–59 and ≥60 years. The CT severity scores were allotted by experienced radiologists. Medians of the scores in different age groups were compared amongst vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals using the Kruskal–Wallis H test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. All results were shown with 95% confidence interval.
Results The difference in the medians amongst the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups was significant, p-values being < 0.001 in all age categories.
Conclusion The mean CT-SS was less in vaccinated subjects and the difference in median CT-SS amongst vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals was statistically significant, thus sending an important message that it is mandatory for the population at large to get vaccinated to reduce infection rate/disease severity.
Understanding the root sink.
Authors: DeJong T. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Root development and growth is similar to shoot growth in that extension growth is initiated by an apical meristem and girth growth of mature roots is carried out by the vascular cambium. However, the initiation of lateral roots is entirely different than the initiation of lateral leaves or shoot meristems. This chapter deals with understanding the root sink in fruit trees by studying root growth, including the initiation of lateral roots, root classification according to size and function, factors affecting their growth, and rootstocks.
Integration of tree source and sink activities.
Authors: DeJong T. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Tree crop modeling could be instrumental in facilitating integration of numerous aspects of the development, growth and physiology of fruit tree crops and provide a valuable tool for testing concepts for understanding how fruit trees work, if it could be achieved. This chapter presents a synopsis of how modeling of fruit trees was approached. It focuses on the development of a mechanistic, compartmental model of mature peach tree carbon partitioning over a growing season. The model was termed a compartmental model because carbohydrates were only distributed to the collective compartments of fruits, leaves, stems and large branches, and the trunk according to their relative demand functions as the season progressed. Roots were only given carbohydrates when the demands of all of the other organs were fulfilled. This model demonstrated that carbohydrate partitioning in trees could be modeled without deterministic, empirically derived, partitioning coefficients and was useful for indicating periods of the growing season when calculated photosynthetic assimilation was not adequate to supply calculated carbohydrate demands of growing organs. The development of the described model is so complex that the modeling work will never be fully completed. However, to demonstrate the utility of this modeling approach, it was decided to develop an L-Almond model using the same approach.
Axion-like particle oscillations
Authors: Chadha-Day Francesca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
String theory compactifications may generate many light
axion-like particles (ALPs) with weak couplings to
electromagnetism. In general, a large number of ALPs may exist, with
a linear combination having a potentially observable coupling to
electromagnetism. The basis in which only one ALP couples to
electromagnetism is in general misaligned with the mass basis. This
leads to mixing between the `electromagnetic' ALP and a number of
`hidden' ALPs that do not interact directly with the photon. The
process is analagous to neutrino oscillations. I will discuss the
phenomenological consequences of this mixing for astrophysical ALP
signals, in particular showing that it may significantly reduce the
predicted signal in experiments such as the CERN Axion Solar
Telescope.
Achievement of 0.005% combined transfer uncertainties in the NIST detector calibration facility
Authors: Houston J M , Zarobila C J , Yoon H W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Improvements in a lamp-monochromator-based facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Visible near-infrared Spectral Comparator Facility (VisSCF) which is used to calibrate optical detectors for spectral radiant power responsivity from 300 nm to 1100 nm, are described. These changes include extending the VisSCF operational range down to 300 nm from 350 nm, thereby fully covering the ultraviolet-A (UVA) spectral region and partially covering the UVB range. These improvements have lowered the magnitudes of most of the components in the uncertainty budget and have led to combined 0.005% transfer (k = 1) uncertainties in the spectral power responsivity calibrations over most of the spectral range. Redevelopment of the uncertainty budget results in total expanded uncertainties of spectral responsivities of less than 0.1% (k = 2) over the spectral range from 380 nm to 980 nm, with the greatest uncertainty term coming from the calibrations of the transfer standards.
EEG characteristic investigation of the sixth-finger motor imagery and optimal channel selection for classification
Authors: Liu Yuan , Wang Zhuang , Huang Shuaifei , Wang Wenjie , Ming Dong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective. Supernumerary robotic limbs are body augmentation robotic devices by adding extra limbs or fingers to the human body different from the traditional wearable robotic devices such as prosthesis and exoskeleton. We proposed a novel motor imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigm based on the sixth-finger which imagines controlling the extra finger movements. The goal of this work is to investigate the electromyographic (EEG) characteristics and the application potential of MI-based BCI systems based on the new imagination paradigm (the sixth finger MI). Approach. Fourteen subjects participated in the experiment involving the sixth finger MI tasks and rest state. Event-related spectral perturbation was adopted to analyze EEG spatial features and key-channel time-frequency features. Common spatial patterns were used for feature extraction and classification was implemented by support vector machine. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select combinations of EEG channels that maximized classification accuracy and verified EEG patterns based on the sixth finger MI. And we conducted a longitudinal 4 weeks EEG control experiment based on the new paradigm. Main results. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) was found in the supplementary motor area and primary motor area with a faint contralateral dominance. Unlike traditional MI based on the human hand, ERD was also found in frontal lobe. GA results showed that the distribution of the optimal eight-channel is similar to EEG topographical distributions, nearing parietal and frontal lobe. And the classification accuracy based on the optimal eight-channel (the highest accuracy of 80% and mean accuracy of 70%) was significantly better than that based on the random eight-channel (p< 0.01). Significance. This work provided a new paradigm for MI-based MI system and verified its feasibility, widened the control bandwidth of the BCI system.