bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Therapy Versus Medical Therapy for Acute Stroke Attributable to Isolated Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Without Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Waters Michael J. , McMullan Patrick , Mitchell Peter J. , Kleinig Timothy J. , Churilov Leonid , Scroop Rebecca , Dowling Richard J. , Bush Steven J. , Nguyen Minh , Yan Bernard 
Published: March 2022

Background
The optimal treatment for acute stroke attributable to isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion without intracranial target is unclear. The purpose of our study was to examine whether endovascular therapy for acute stroke attributable to isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion was associated with improved clinical outcome.

Methods
We identified patients from 2 comprehensive stroke centers during the period January 2009 to December 2019, with acute ischemic stroke attributable to cervical internal carotid artery occlusion without an intracranial occlusion. We categorized patients into 2 groups: endovascular therapy and medical therapy. Clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale score at 90 days poststroke) was compared between the 2 groups.

Results

Seventy‐three patients were included (26 women [36%]; median age, 69 [interquartile range (IQR), 60–80] years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 11 [IQR, 5–16]). Of these, 40 patients received endovascular therapy, and 33 patients were managed with medical therapy alone. The endovascular therapy group had a significantly higher median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on presentation (13 versus 3;
P
<0.0001). Rates of thrombolysis were also significantly higher in the endovascular group (50% versus 15%;
P
=0.002). There were no other significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. Good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0–2 at 90 days or no decline in modified Rankin scale score from baseline at 90 days) was seen in 73% of the endovascular therapy group compared with the 61% of the medical management group (odds ratio [OR] for good outcome, 1.7 [95% CI, 0.64–4.6]), despite the large discrepancy in baseline stroke severity. When restricted to patients with presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6, endovascular therapy was associated with higher rates of good clinical outcome (66% versus 18%; OR for good outcome, 9.0 [95% CI, 1.65–49.0]).

Conclusions
Endovascular therapy in isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion may be associated with improved outcome when compared with medical therapy. However, the significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups limit interpretation. Randomized controlled trials are necessary.
Governance for Sustainable Development: The Value of Environmental Regulations and the Effect of Maritime Norms
Authors: Tsimplis Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines an important area where environmental law and economics intersect and proposes a novel model to assess the economic value of environmental shipping regulations. The model is used to evaluate the effect that existing regulatory norms have on the value of shipping regulations. The norms considered include both legal arrangements established under the international law of the sea and those developed within the International Maritime Organization. These norms are found to be beneficial to the financial interests of the sector and to minimise implementation and enforcement costs. They are damaging to the environmental benefits of regulations because of exceptions granted to existing ships, prioritisation of the operational needs over environmental compliance, and the use of flag State certification as the primary method for controlling ships. The value model demonstrates that regulations targeting the most polluting ships, and selectively implemented, would be superior to the current uniform implementation approach.
Physiological characteristics and gene regulation mechanism of juvenile leaves of Acer rubrum L. during leaf color transformation in spring
Authors: Han Xuan , Ge Wei , Wang Zhikun , Cui Jinteng , Zhang Kezhong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acer rubrum L., a widely used ornamental colored-leaf tree species, has great utility in both residential and urban landscaping. However, unsuitable environmental conditions tend to reduce the intensity of color change, greatly reducing the ornamental value of this species. Here, we investigated the discoloration of A. rubrum leaves from red to green during maturation. We first quantified leaf-color change in the L*, a*, b* color space, and found the most noticeable difference in the a* value, which changed from positive (more red) to negative (more green). In green leaves, photosynthetic pigment content was four-fold greater than that in red leaves, and anthocyanin content was significantly lowed (a 78.33% decrease). Consistent with this, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as non-photochemical quenching, were significantly higher in red leaves. The activity levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), an initial enzyme in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. In contrast, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity was not correlated with any with other indicators. Transcriptome sequencing identified 2,161 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the red leaves and the green leaves (1,253 upregulated). Some of these DEGs (e.g., 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), flavonol synthase (FLS), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H)) encoded important enzymes in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway, while others (e.g., MYB111 (EZV62_000212), MYB12 (EZV62_010323), and bHLH3 (EZV62_023045)) regulated anthocyanin accumulation. Our results have led to a clearer understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying leaf-color change in A. rubrum, and provide a basis from which to improve the ornamental properties of colored-leaf tree species.
Practicing Theology in Youth Ministry
Authors: Talbot Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Though youth ministry has benefited from an increase in theological inquiry over the past decade, there remains disagreement as to how to conceptualize and implement modern understandings of practical theology. The issue of practical theology methodology, especially within youth ministry, raises questions concerning its own epistemic and theological foundations. Rejecting an application-driven process, many practical theologians seek to offer a process that is distinctive as its own discipline. This paper seeks to evaluate modern youth ministry conceptions of practical theology, as well as their influences, and provide a critical assessment of their viability. Further this paper seeks to then trace the influence of related current trends and the subsequent implications those trends have for practicing youth ministry.
Finding Relevant Research in Youth Studies
Authors: McFeeters Mark , Hammond Mark , Knox Joanne , Taylor Brian J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
As youth studies develops as an academic discipline, identifying relevant research publications becomes important. This paper describes the method and results of an exercise to identify published research on Christian faith-based youth work. A search structure of terminology for (youth work) and (Christian faith) was created and applied to five bibliographic databases, complemented by citation searching and colleague recommendations. Eight research articles were identified. Scopus proved to have the greatest sensitivity (ability to retrieve relevant articles) followed by ProQuest and Web of Science. Web of Science had the greatest precision (ability to avoid retrieving irrelevant articles) followed by Scopus and then ProQuest. jstor database retrieved one relevant article (retrieved on Web of Science anyway) and Psyc info none. For this topic, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest proved the most effective databases. For researchers and academics in youth studies, this paper provides a resource on methodology and published papers.
Can Anal Cytology Be a Tool in Following Patients Treated for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus?
Authors: Brasseur Benjamin , Subillaga Oswaldo , Vrees Matthew , Klipfel Adam , Roth Leslie , Schechter Steven 
Published: March 2022

Background Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is associated with human papillomavirus infection and preceded by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Following successful treatment, the standard of care is to surveille for local recurrence with both anoscopy and digital rectal examination. While high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) has been shown to identify HSIL during the surveillance period, it requires specialized training and resources. 1 The burden of these resources may be reduced by conducting surveillance with anal cytology. We studied 2 questions: (1) Can anal cytology identify HSIL in patients after successful treatment of SCCA? (2) Can HSIL be found with anal cytology after completion of chemoradiation for SCCA? Methods Patient charts were queried for diagnosis of SCCA. Patients were excluded if they were not successfully treated for cure or if patients had not been seen in the surveillance period of 5 years following treatment. Descriptive statistics were elucidated. Results 104 patient charts met inclusion criteria. 81 were surveilled using standard of care, while 23 were followed with standard of care plus anal cytology. 5 patients followed with cytology demonstrated HSIL. 2/5 were found via cytology, 1/5 via HRA, and 2/5 patients via exam under anesthesia and biopsy. Discussion This study demonstrated that HSIL was identified cytologically in the surveillance period. There may be utility in using anal cytology to identify HSIL in patients during this period in lieu of the specialized resources required for HRA. This may allow dysplasia to be treated with excision and fulguration prior to redevelopment of SCCA.
Detection of Bioactive Metabolites in Escherichia Coli Cultures Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Jayan Heera , Pu Hongbin , Sun Da-Wen 
Published: March 2022

Detection of bioactive metabolites produced by bacteria is important for identifying biomarkers for infectious diseases. In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based technique was developed for the detection of bioactive metabolite indole produced by Escherichia coli ( E. coli) in biological media. The use of highly sensitive Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles resulted in the detection of indole concentration as low as 0.0886 mM in standard solution. The supplementation of growth media with 5 mM of exogenous tryptophan resulted in the production of a maximum yield of indole of 3.139 mM by E. coli O157:H7 at 37 °C. The growth of bacterial cells was reduced from 47.73 × 108 to 1.033 × 106 CFU/mL when the cells were grown in 0 and 10 mM exogenous tryptophan, respectively. The amount of indole in the Luria–Bertani (LB) media had an inverse correlation with the growth of cells, which resulted in a three-log reduction in the colony-forming unit when the indole concentration in the media was 20 times higher than normal. This work demonstrates that SERS is an effective and highly sensitive method for rapid detection of bioactive metabolites in biological matrix.
Determination of H2 Densities Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures Based on the Spectroscopic Characterization of Raman Vibrational Bands
Authors: Chen Ying , Chou I-Ming 
Published: March 2022

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for determining the densities of gas species in fluid inclusions, especially for H2-bearing inclusions in which the microthermometry approach is difficult to apply. The relationships between Raman peak position and H2 density have been recorded in several previous studies. However, systematic discrepancies exist among these studies. In this study, the Raman spectral parameters (peak position, width, and intensity) of the vibrational bands of H2 (Q1(0), Q1(1), Q1(2), and Q1(3)) were systematically measured at temperatures from 25 to 400 °C and pressures up to 150 MPa using a high-pressure optical cell. The variation in each parameter as a function of H2 density was discussed. Several calibration polynomials derived from the measured peak positions and peak widths of these vibrational bands and the peak intensity ratios of Q1(1) to Q1( n = 0, 2, 3) were established to determine H2 densities up to 0.062 g/cm3 at 25 °C. For natural fluid inclusions, the peak position of the Q1(1) band is the best choice for density determination mainly because (i) Raman spectra derived from fluid inclusions are not always of applicable qualities and the strongest intensity Q1(1) band could be obtained easier than others, and (ii) the peak position is insensitive to instrumental factors. The relationship between the peak position of Q1(1) band and density can be represented by ΔQ1(1) = 90,246.070 × ρ4 – 5471.203 × ρ3 + 770.944 × ρ2– 41.038 × ρ (r2 = 0.999), where ρ is the density of H2 in g/cm3; ΔQ1(1) (cm–1) is the difference between the obtained peak position of Q1(1) band of H2 and the known peak position of Q1(1) band of H2 at near-zero density. This polynomial is independent of instrumental factors and can be applied in any laboratory, as long as the peak position of H2 with a near-zero density is known. The effects of temperature on the relationship between these spectral parameters and H2 density were also examined.
Deep Learning for Predictive Analysis of Pediatric Otolaryngology Personal Statements: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chillakuru Yeshwant Reddy , Preciado Diego A. , Cha Jeremy , Mann Hannah , Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Espinel Alexandra Genevieve 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThe personal statement is often an underutilized aspect of pediatric otolaryngology fellowship applications. In this pilot study, we use deep learning language models to cluster personal statements and elucidate their relationship to applicant rank position and postfellowship research output.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingSingle pediatric tertiary care center.MethodsData and personal statements from 115 applicants to our fellowship program were retrieved from San Francisco Match. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers) was used to generate document embeddings for clustering. Regression and machine learning models were used to assess the relationship of personal statements to number of postfellowship publications per year when controlling for publications, board scores, Alpha Omega Alpha status, gender, and residency.ResultsDocument embeddings of personal statements were found to cluster into 4 distinct groups by K‐means clustering: 2 focused on “training/research” and 2 on “personal/patient anecdotes.” Training clusters 1 and 2 were associated with an applicant‐organization fit by a single pediatric otolaryngology fellowship program on univariate but not multivariate analysis. Models utilizing document embeddings alone were able to equally predict applicant‐organization fit (receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve, 0.763 and 0.750 vs 0.419; P values >.05) as compared with models utilizing applicant characteristics and personal statement clusters alone. All predictive models were poor predictors of postfellowship publications per year.ConclusionWe demonstrate ability for document embeddings to capture meaningful information in personal statements from pediatric otolaryngology fellowship applicants. A larger study can further differentiate personal statement clusters and assess the predictive potential of document embeddings.
Effectiveness, Compliance, and Safety of Dextrose Prolotherapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis and Metaregression of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Yi-Wen , Lin Yen-Nung , Chen Hung-Chou , Liou Tsan-Hon , Liao Chun-De , Huang Shih-Wei 
Published: March 2022

Objectives This study assessed the effectiveness, compliance, and safety of dextrose prolotherapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Data sources PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Database, and the Scopus database from their inception to December 31, 2021. Methods This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Randomized controlled trials regarding the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy in knee osteoarthritis were identified. The included trials were subjected to meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Subgroup and random-effects metaregression analyses were performed to explore any heterogeneity ( I2) of treatment effects across studies. Results A total of 14 trials enrolling 978 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo injection and noninvasive control therapy, dextrose prolotherapy had favorable effects on pain, global function, and quality of life during the overall follow-up. Dextrose prolotherapy yielded greater reductions in pain score over each follow-up duration than did the placebo. Compared with other invasive therapies, dextrose prolotherapy generally achieved comparable effects on pain and functional outcomes for each follow-up duration. Subgroup results indicated that combined intra-articular and extra-articular injection techniques may have stronger effects on pain than a single intra-articular technique. Conclusions Dextrose prolotherapy may have dose-dependent and time-dependent effects on pain reduction and function recovery, respectively, in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Due to remarkable heterogeneity and the risk of biases across the included trials, the study results should be cautiously interpreted.
Identifying a Single Optimal Integrated Cervical Cancer Prevention Policy in Norway: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Portnoy Allison , Pedersen Kine , Nygård Mari , Trogstad Lill , Kim Jane J. , Burger Emily A. 
Published: March 2022

Background Interventions targeting the same disease but at different points along the disease continuum (e.g., screening and vaccination to prevent cervical cancer [CC]) are often evaluated in isolation, which can affect cost-effectiveness profiles and policy conclusions. We evaluated nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (9vHPV) compared with bivalent HPV vaccine (2vHPV) alongside deintensified screening intervals for a vaccinated birth cohort to inform a single optimal integrated CC prevention policy. Methods Using a multimodeling approach, we evaluated the health and economic impacts of alternative CC screening strategies for a Norwegian birth cohort eligible for HPV vaccination in 2021 assuming they received 1) 2vHPV or 2) 9vHPV. We conducted 1) a restricted analysis that evaluated the optimal HPV vaccine under current screening guidelines; and 2) a comprehensive analysis including alternative screening and vaccination strategy combinations. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and evaluated them according to different cost-effectiveness thresholds. Results Assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of $40,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, we found that, while holding screening intensity fixed, switching the routine vaccination program in Norway from 2vHPV to 9vHPV would not be considered cost-effective (ICER of $132,700 per QALY gained). However, when allowing for varying intensities of CC screening, we found that switching to 9vHPV would be cost-effective compared with 2vHPV under an alternative threshold of $55,000 per QALY gained, if coupled with reductions in the number of lifetime screens. Conclusions Our analysis highlights the importance of evaluating the full potential policy landscape for country-level decision makers considering policy adoption, including nonindependent primary and secondary prevention efforts, to draw appropriate conclusions and avoid sub-optimal outcomes. Highlights Without evaluating the full potential policy landscape, including primary and secondary prevention efforts, country-level decision makers may not be able to draw appropriate policy conclusions, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. An applied example from cervical cancer prevention in Norway compared a restricted analysis of current screening guidelines to a comprehensive analysis including alternative screening and vaccination strategy combinations. We found that a switch from bivalent to nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine would be considered cost-effective in Norway if coupled with reductions in the number of lifetime screens compared with the current screening strategy. A comprehensive analysis that considers how different types of interventions along the disease continuum affect each other will be critical for decision makers interpreting cost-effectiveness analysis results.
Increased CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells and STAT3 expression in cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients recalcitrant to antimalarials
Authors: Zeidi Majid , Chen Kristen L , Patel Jay , Desai Krisha , Kim Hee Joo , Chakka Srita , Lim Rachel , Werth Victoria P 
Published: March 2022

Background Antimalarials are first-line systemic therapy for cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). While some patients unresponsive to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) alone benefit from the addition of quinacrine (QC), a subset of patients is refractory to both antimalarials. Methods We classified CLE patients as HCQ-responders, HCQ+QC-responders, or HCQ+QC-nonresponders to compare immune profiles. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR were used to characterize inflammatory cells and cytokines in lesional skin. Results Immunohistochemistry showed that CD69+ T cells were higher in HCQ+QC-nonresponders compared to HCQ- and HCQ+QC-responders ( p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence further identified these cells as CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells. Myeloid dendritic cells were significantly higher in HCQ+QC-responders compared to both HCQ-responders and HCQ+QC-nonresponders. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells were significantly increased in HCQ-responders compared to HCQ- and HCQ+QC-nonresponders. No differences were found in the number of autoreactive T cells, MAC387+ cells, and neutrophils among the groups. CLASI scores of the HCQ+QC-nonresponder group positively correlated with CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells (r = 0.6335, p < 0.05) and MAC387+ cells (r = 0.5726, p < 0.05). IL-17 protein expression was higher in HCQ+QC-responders compared to HCQ-responders or HCQ+QC-nonresponders, while IL-22 protein expression did not differ. mRNA expression demonstrated increased STAT3 expression in a subset of HCQ+QC-nonresponders. Conclusion An increased number of CD69+CCR7+ circulating activated T cells and a strong correlation with CLASI scores in the HCQ+QC-nonresponders suggest these cells are involved in antimalarial-refractory skin disease. STAT3 is also increased in HCQ+QC-nonresponders and may also be a potential target for antimalarial-refractory skin disease.