bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measures of Lower Body Strength Associated With Injuries in Australian Special Forces Selection Candidates
Authors: Doyle Tim L.A. , Fain AuraLea C. , Wills Jodie A. , Cooper Daniel , Toonen Kevin , Kamphius Benjamin 
Published: July 2022

The diverse and grueling nature of activities undertaken during Special Forces selection makes it difficult to develop physical training to improve performance and reduce injury risk. It is generally accepted that increased strength is protective against injury, but it is unclear if this is evident in a Special Forces selection environment. This study investigated the effect of the rigors of a Special Forces selection course has on performance of the isometric mid-thigh pull, countermovement jump, squat jump, drop landing, elastic utilization ratio (EUR), and injury occurrence. Throughout the course, 26% of participants sustained a preventable lower limb injury, with 65% of these occurring at the knee. The uninjured had higher values of absolute strength as measured by isometric mid-thigh pull peak absolute force (3399 [371] N, 3146 [307] N; P = .022) and lower EUR (0.94 [0.08], 1.01 [0.09]; P = .025) compared to the injured. Preventable knee injury was significantly correlated with isometric mid-thigh pull (r = −.245, P = .031) and EUR (r = .227, P = .044). The selection course altered EUR for uninjured individuals only (P = .004). Findings indicate that individuals with higher strength levels may be at a lower risk of injury than their weaker counterparts.
Adolescents’ Physical Activity and Psychological Adjustment Across the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ellis Wendy E. , Talebi Sarah , Dumas Tara M. , Forbes Lindsey 
Published: July 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus dramatically changed daily life and created many obstacles for adolescents to engage in physical activity (PA). This study tracked rates of self-reported PA and examined its impact on adjustment among adolescents during the first 14 months of the pandemic. Canadian adolescents (N = 1068, 14–18 y, meanage = 16.95 y) reported on their frequency of PA, context of activity, and adjustment across 4 time points (April 2020 to June 2021). In line with our hypothesis, higher average levels of vigorous PA across the pandemic predicted less anxiety and depression and higher self-esteem at our study’s end. Vigorous PA also buffered the relationships COVID-19 stress had with anxiety and self-esteem. The results further support recommendations for PA throughout the pandemic and while dealing with lockdown situations.
Effects of a social participation-focused virtual reality intervention for community-dwelling stroke survivors with physical disabilities: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Lau Alexander Yuk Lun , Lee Vivian Wing Yan , Choi Kai Chow , Kwok Eddie Chi Fai , Thompson David R 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionStudies show that stroke survivors encounter physical and psychological limitations that restrict their participation in social and community activities. Systematic reviews have yielded inconclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of different interventions intended to support stroke survivors’ social participation. Recent advances in virtual reality technology may offer promising solutions, although the optimal approach to enhance social participation among stroke survivors is yet to be determined. This trial aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a social participation-focused virtual reality (SP-VR) intervention on the physical, psychological and social outcomes of community-dwelling stroke survivors with physical disabilities.Methods and analysisA two-arm randomised, controlled, assessor-blind clinical trial will be conducted with 250 stroke survivor–caregiver dyads recruited from three acute and one rehabilitation hospitals, and three stroke nurse-led clinics. Participants will be survivors of a first or recurrent stroke within 6 months of stroke onset and able to remain in a sitting position without support, and their primary caregivers. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to receive the SP-VR intervention or usual care which includes conventional physical therapy services. The intervention group will receive a newly developed 6-week novel custom-made SP-VR application comprising two sessions weekly. Three SP-VR modules will cover key aspects of survivors’ social health needs, namely functional rehabilitation, social participation, and social interaction and recreation. The primary outcome for stroke survivors is social participation, and secondary outcomes include depressive symptoms, participation self-efficacy, physical function, functional mobility and social support. User satisfaction will be evaluated among both survivors and caregivers. Data will be collected in person at baseline, immediately after, and 3 months postintervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Research Ethics Committee (Ref. No.: 2019.676). Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100050850.
Experimental Demonstration of STT-MRAM-based Nonvolatile Instantly On/Off System for IoT Applications: Case Studies
Authors: Li Yueting , Kang Wang , Zhou Kunyu , Qiu Keni , Zhao Weisheng 
Published: July 2022

Energy consumption has been a big challenge for electronic devices, particularly for battery-powered Internet of Things (IoT) equipment. To address such a challenge, on the one hand, low-power electronic design methodologies and novel power management techniques have been proposed, such as nonvolatile memories and instantly on/off systems; on the other hand, the energy harvesting technology by collecting signals from human activity or the environment has attracted widespread attention in the IoT area. However, the system with self-powered energy harvesting may suffer frequent energy failures or fluctuating energy conditions, which degrade system reliability and user experience. Therefore, how to make the system under unreliable power inputs operate correctly and efficiently is one of the most critical issues for energy harvesting technology. In this article, we built an instantly on/off system based on nonvolatile STT-MRAM for IoT applications, which can instantly power on/off under different conditions of the harvested energy. The system powers on and operates normally when the harvested energy is enough (over the preset threshold); otherwise, the system powers off and stores the operational data back to the nonvolatile STT-MRAM. We described implementations of the hardware/software co-designed architecture (with image acquisition as an example) based on the commercialized 32 MB STT-MRAM, and we experimentally demonstrated the system functionality and efficiency under five typical energy harvesting scenarios, including radio frequency, thermal, solar, piezoelectric, and WIFI. Our experimental results show that the power consumption and data restore time were reduced by 15.1% and 714 times, respectively, in comparison with the DRAM-based counterpart.
Thirty-Day and 90-Day Episode of Care Spending Following Heart Failure Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Reinhardt Samuel W. , Clark Katherine A.A. , Xin Xin , Parzynski Craig S. , Riello III Ralph J. , Sarocco Phil , Ahmad Tariq , Desai Nihar R. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Despite growing interest in value-based models, utilization patterns and costs for heart failure (HF) admissions are not well understood. We sought to characterize Medicare spending for patients with HF for 30- and 90-day episodes of care (which include an index hospitalization and 30 or 90 days following discharge) and to describe the patterns of post-acute care spending.

METHODS:
Using Medicare fee-for-service administrative claims data from 2016 to 2018, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients discharged after hospitalization with primary discharge diagnoses of systolic HF, diastolic HF, hypertensive heart disease (HHD) with HF, and HHD with HF and chronic kidney disease. We analyzed coding patterns across these groups over time, median 30- and 90-day payments, and costs allocated to index hospitalization and postacute care.

RESULTS:
The study included 935 962 patients discharged following hospitalization for HF (systolic HF: 178 603; diastolic HF: 165 156; HHD with HF: 226 929; HHD with HF and chronic kidney disease: 365 274). The proportion of HHD codes increased from 26% of HF hospitalizations in 2016 to 91% in 2018. There was substantial spending on 30-day (median $13 330, interquartile range $9912–$22 489) and 90-day episodes (median $21 658, interquartile range $12 423–$37 630) for HF with significant variation, such that the third quartile of patients incurred costs 3 times the amount of the first quartile. Across all codes, the index hospitalization accounted for ≈70% of 30-day and 45% of 90-day spending. Sixty-one percent of postacute care spending occurred 31 to 90 days following discharge, with readmissions and observation stays (36%) and skilled nursing facilities (27%) comprising the largest categories.

CONCLUSIONS:
This patient episode-level analysis of contemporary Medicare beneficiaries is the first to examine 90-day spending, which will become an increasingly important pasyment benchmark with the expansion of the Medicare Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Program. Further investigation into the drivers of costs will be essential to provide high-value HF care.
Endovascular Treatment Versus Best Medical Management in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Strokes: Results From the ATTENTION Multicenter Registry
Authors: Tao Chunrong , Qureshi Adnan I. , Yin Yamei , Li Jie , Li Rui , Xu Pengfei , Sun Jun , Liao Geng , Yue Xincan , Shi Hongchao , Liu Yongchang , Ma Zhengfei , Zhang Jinhua , Xiao Guodong , Xu Bo , Xu Chenghua , Su Junfeng , Zhou Wensheng , Huang Shuchun , Yang Weimin , Chen Hongbing , Li Wei , Li Yongkun , Liu Dezhi , Yu Chuanqing , Yuan Guangxiong , Wang Chaobin , Liang Wenbao , Chen Chun , Shi Xueying , Wang Junjun , Wu Yingchun , Cai Xueli , Shen Chunyun , Li Kai , Fang Pu , Wang Ming , Chen Zhongjun , Li Tong , Cheng Guangsen , Sun Yaxuan , Wang Yan , Zhang Hui , Chen Jie , Xu Xiaohui , Wang Youmeng , Geng Wanjie , Ni Chuyuan , Chen Changchun , Liu Yan , Min Jie , Zhang Yongcheng , Liang Yong , Wen Chao , Baxter Blaise W. , Nogueira Raul G. , Hu Wei ,   on behalf of the ATTENTION (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion) Trial Investigators
Published: July 2022

Background:
The authors compare the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) versus best medical management (BMM) in strokes attributable to acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO).

Methods:
The present analysis was based on the ongoing, prospective, multicenter ATTENTION (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion) trial registry in China. Our analytic sample comprised 2134 patients recruited at 48 sites between 2017 and 2021 and included 462 patients who received BMM and 1672 patients who received EVT. We performed an inversed probability of treatment weighting analysis. Qualifying patients had to present within 24 hours of estimated BAO. The primary clinical outcome was favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–3) at 90 days. We also performed a sensitivity analysis with the propensity score matching–based and the instrumental variable–based analysis.

Results:
In our primary analysis using the inversed probability of treatment weighting–based analysis, there was a significantly higher rate of favorable outcome at 90 days among EVT patients compared with BMM-treated patients (adjusted relative risk, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.19–1.65]; absolute risk difference, 11.8% [95% CI, 6.9–16.7]). The mortality was significantly lower (adjusted relative risk, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.69–0.88]; absolute risk difference, −10.3% [95% CI, −15.8 to −4.9]) in patients undergoing EVT. Results were generally consistent across the secondary end points. Similar associations were seen in the propensity score matching–based and instrumental variable–based analysis.

Conclusions:
In this real-world study, EVT was associated with significantly better functional outcomes and survival at 90 days. Well-designed randomized studies comparing EVT with BMM in the acute BAO are needed.

Registration:

URL:
www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000041117.
Association of Pulmonary Function With Late‐Life Cardiac Function and Heart Failure Risk: The ARIC Study
Authors: Ramalho Sergio H. R. , Claggett Brian L. , Washko George R. , Jose Estepar Raul San , Chang Patricia P. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Cipriano Junior Gerson , Solomon Scott D. , Skali Hicham , Shah Amil M. 
Published: July 2022

Background

Pulmonary and cardiac functions decline with age, but the associations of pulmonary dysfunction with cardiac function and heart failure (HF) risk in late life is not known. We aimed to determine the associations of percent predicted forced vital capacity (ppFVC) and the ratio of forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV
1
) to forced vital capacity (FVC; FEV
1
/FVC) with cardiac function and incident HF with preserved or reduced ejection fraction in late life.

Methods and Results

Among 3854 HF‐free participants in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) cohort study who underwent echocardiography and spirometry at the fifth study visit (2011–2013), associations of FEV
1
/FVC and ppFVC with echocardiographic measures, cardiac biomarkers, and risk of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, and HF with reduced ejection fraction were assessed. Multivariable linear and Cox regression models adjusted for demographics, body mass index, coronary disease, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and diabetes. Mean age was 75±5 years, 40% were men, 19% were Black, and 61% were ever smokers. Mean FEV
1
/FVC was 72±8%, and ppFVC was 98±17%. In adjusted analyses, lower FEV
1
/FVC and ppFVC were associated with higher NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; both
P
<0.001) and pulmonary artery pressure (
P
<0.004). Lower ppFVC was also associated with higher left ventricular mass, left ventricular filling pressure, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (all
P
<0.01). Lower FEV
1
/FVC was associated with a trend toward higher risk of incident HF with preserved ejection fraction (hazard ratio [HR] per 10‐point decrease, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.98–1.74;
P
=0.07) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HR per 10‐point decrease, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.91–1.70;
P
=0.18), but these associations did not reach statistical significance. Lower ppFVC was associated with incident HF with preserved ejection fraction (HR per 10‐unit decrease, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04–1.41;
P
=0.013) but not with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HR per 10‐unit decrease, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.76–1.07;
P
=0.24).

Conclusions

Subclinical reductions in FEV
1
/FVC and ppFVC differentially associate with cardiac function and HF risk in late life.
Age‐Independent Cardiac Protection by Pharmacological Activation of Beclin‐1 During Endotoxemia and Its Association With Energy Metabolic Reprograming in Myocardium—A Targeted Metabolomics Study
Authors: Kim Matthew , Nikouee Azadeh , Zou Raymond , Ren Di , He Zhibin , Li Ji , Wang Lu , Djukovic Danijel , Raftery Daniel , Purcell Hayley , Promislow Daniel , Sun Yuxiao , Goodarzi Mohammad , Zhang Qing‐Jun , Liu Zhi‐Ping , Zang Qun Sophia 
Published: July 2022

Background
We showed that Beclin‐1‐dependent autophagy protects the heart in young and adult mice that underwent endotoxemia. Herein, we compared the potential therapeutic effects of Beclin‐1 activating peptide, TB‐peptide, on endotoxemia‐induced cardiac outcomes in young adult and aged mice. We further evaluated lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide)‐induced and TB‐peptide treatment‐mediated alterations in myocardial metabolism.

Methods and Results

C57BL/6J mice that were 10 weeks and 24 months old were challenged by lipopolysaccharide using doses at which cardiac dysfunction occurred. Following the treatment of TB‐peptide or control vehicle, heart contractility, circulating cytokines, and myocardial autophagy were evaluated. We detected that TB‐peptide boosted autophagy, attenuated cytokines, and improved cardiac performance in both young and aged mice during endotoxemia. A targeted metabolomics assay was designed to detect a pool of 361 known metabolites, of which 156 were detected in at least 1 of the heart tissue samples. Lipopolysaccharide‐induced impairments were found in glucose and amino acid metabolisms in mice of all ages, and TB‐peptide ameliorated these alterations. However, lipid metabolites were upregulated in the young group but moderately downregulated in the aged by lipopolysaccharide, suggesting an age‐dependent response. TB‐peptide mitigated lipopolysaccharide‐mediated trend of lipids in the young mice but had little effect on the aged. (Study registration: Project DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21228/M8K11W
).

Conclusions
Pharmacological activation of Beclin‐1 by TB‐peptide is cardiac protective in both young and aged population during endotoxemia, suggest a therapeutic potential for sepsis‐induced cardiomyopathy. Metabolomics analysis suggests that an age‐independent protection by TB‐peptide is associated with reprograming of energy production via glucose and amino acid metabolisms.
Initiation of Dialysis Is Associated With Impaired Cardiovascular Functional Capacity
Authors: Arroyo Eliott , Umukoro Peter E. , Burney Heather N. , Li Yang , Li Xiaochun , Lane Kathleen A. , Sher S. Jawad , Lu Tzong‐shi , Moe Sharon M. , Moorthi Ranjani , Coggan Andrew R. , McGregor Gordon , Hiemstra Thomas F. , Zehnder Daniel , Lim Kenneth 
Published: July 2022

Background
The transition to dialysis period carries a substantial increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite this, alterations in cardiovascular functional capacity during this transition are largely unknown. The present study therefore sought to assess ventilatory exercise response measures in patients within 1 year of initiating dialysis.

Methods and Results

We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 241 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 from the CAPER (Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Renal Failure) study and from the intradialytic low‐frequency electrical muscle stimulation pilot randomized controlled trial cohorts. Patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and echocardiography. Of the 241 patients (age, 48.9 [15.0] years; 154 [63.9%] men), 42 were predialytic (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate, 14 mL·min
−1
·1.73 m
−2
), 54 had a dialysis vintage ≤12 months, and 145 had a dialysis vintage >12 months. Dialysis vintage ≤12 months exhibited a significantly impaired cardiovascular functional capacity, as assessed by oxygen uptake at peak exercise (18.7 [5.8] mL·min
−1
·kg
−1
) compared with predialysis (22.7 [5.2] mL·min
−1
·kg
−1
;
P
<0.001). Dialysis vintage ≤12 months also exhibited reduced peak workload, impaired peak heart rate, reduced circulatory power, and increased left ventricular mass index (
P
<0.05 for all) compared with predialysis. After excluding those with prior kidney transplant, dialysis vintage >12 months exhibited a lower oxygen uptake at peak exercise (17.0 [4.9] mL·min
−1
·kg
−1
) compared with dialysis vintage ≤12 months (18.9 [5.9] mL·min
−1
·kg
−1
;
P
=0.033).

Conclusions
Initiating dialysis is associated with a significant impairment in oxygen uptake at peak exercise and overall decrements in ventilatory and hemodynamic exercise responses that predispose patients to functional dependence. The magnitude of these changes is comparable to the differences between low‐risk New York Heart Association class I and higher‐risk New York Heart Association class II to IV heart failure.
Effect of Incorporating 1 Avocado Per Day Versus Habitual Diet on Visceral Adiposity: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Lichtenstein Alice H. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , Petersen Kristina S. , Matthan Nirupa R. , Barnes Samuel , Vitolins Mara Z. , Li Zhaoping , Sabaté Joan , Rajaram Sujatha , Chowdhury Shilpy , Davis Kristin M. , Galluccio Jean , Gilhooly Cheryl H. , Legro Richard S. , Li Jason , Lovato Laura , Perdue Letitia H. , Petty Gayle , Rasmussen Anna M. , Segovia‐Siapco Gina , Sirirat Rawiwan , Sun April , Reboussin David M. 
Published: July 2022

Background
Excess visceral adiposity is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Short‐term well‐controlled clinical trials suggest that regular avocado consumption favorably affects body weight, visceral adiposity, and satiety.

Methods and Results

The HAT Trial (Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial) was a multicenter, randomized, controlled parallel‐arm trial designed to test whether consuming 1 large avocado per day for 6 months in a diverse group of free‐living individuals (N=1008) with an elevated waist circumference compared with a habitual diet would decrease visceral adiposity as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary and additional end points related to risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders were assessed. The primary outcome, change in visceral adipose tissue volume during the intervention period, was not significantly different between the Avocado Supplemented and Habitual Diet Groups (estimated mean difference (0.017 L [−0.024 L, 0.058 L],
P
=0.405). No significant group differences were observed for the secondary outcomes of hepatic fat fraction, hsCRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein), and components of the metabolic syndrome. Of the additional outcome measures, modest but nominally significant reductions in total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in the Avocado Supplemented compared with the Habitual Diet Group. Changes in the other additional and post hoc measures (body weight, body mass index, insulin, very low‐density lipoprotein concentrations, and total cholesterol:high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) were similar between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
Addition of 1 avocado per day to the habitual diet for 6 months in free‐living individuals with elevated waist circumference did not reduce visceral adipose tissue volume and had minimal effect on risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disorders.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03528031.