bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ erosion measurement tools for electric propulsion thrusters: triangular laser head and telemicroscope
Authors: Bundesmann Carsten , Eichhorn Christoph , Neumann Horst , Scholze Frank , Spemann Daniel , Tartz Michael , Leiter Hans J. , Gnizdor Roman Y. , Scortecci Fabrizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe lifetime of electric propulsion (EP) thrusters depends particularly on the erosion characteristics of operation relevant components, for instance, the grid hole erosion of gridded ion thrusters or the channel wall erosion of Hall effect thrusters. Here two tools for in situ erosion measurements are presented, a triangular laser head for surface profiling and a telemicroscope for high-resolution optical imaging. Both can give access to radial and axial erosion parameters. The measurements can be done in situ without the need for breaking the vacuum and dismounting the thruster, which reduces thruster testing time considerably. In situ measurements can also help to ensure reproducibility of thruster performance conditions and can improve statistics of thruster characterization. The present work describes the fundamentals of both techniques in detail, selected experimental setups are presented, their performance is characterized and critically evaluated. The capabilities and limitations related to erosion measurements of EP thrusters are, exemplary, demonstrated for a gridded ion thruster RIT-22 and a Hall effect thruster SPT-100D.
Interaction of thin-skinned detached faults and basement-involved strike-slip faults on a transform margin: the Moattama Basin, Myanmar
Authors: Morley Christopher K. , Chantraprasert Sarawute , Chenoll Kwanjai , Sootlek Prated , Jitmahantakul Sukonmeth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

The Sagaing Fault (SF), one of the world's most active strike-slip faults, defines a plate boundary on the eastern West Burma Block margin, from the Andaman Spreading centre, northwards for >1600 km to the eastern Himalayas. In the Northern Andaman Sea the SF traverses the Late Miocene–Recent Moattama Basin. There, 2D and 3D seismic reflection data show highly unusual fault patterns, that overall resemble a giant (area >33 000 km
2
) horsetail structure. A horsetail pattern typically implies loss of displacement at a fault tip, which is potentially incompatible with the SF forming a transform margin. In the thinner, northern part of the Late Miocene–Recent basin three branches of the SF can be identified. These become lost in the thickest (>7 km), central part of the basin, and two branches emerge to the south where the basin thins. The fault patterns are interpreted to represent a previously unknown interaction of thin- and thick-skinned styles, where relatively shallow detached structures and sediment loading have interacted with basement-involved strike-slip faults that form a releasing bend geometry at the basement level. The Moattama Basin demonstrates how very thick sedimentary basins can produce fault patterns that differ from classic structural models.
Study of Kinesthetic Negotiation Ability in Lightweight Comanipulative Decision-making Tasks: Design and Study of a Virtual Partner based on Human-human Interaction Observation
Authors: Roche Lucas , Saint-Bauzel Ludovic 
Published: February 2022

This article presents the results of an experiment on physical Human-Human Interaction (pHHI), where human dyads cooperate on a one-dimensional comanipulative task in a novel lightweight teleoperation setup. The results of this experiment show that humans are able to handle asymmetrical information about the task and solve conflicts using only the kinesthetic channel. Data from the pHHI experiment is used to design a virtual partner that can perform the task alongside a human. The virtual partner behavior is based on the observation that initiative is highly correlated to decision-making in our pHHI negotiation scenario. The virtual agent is then evaluated in a physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI) experiment. The results of the second experiment show that the virtual partner is able to perform the task without compromising the performances of the dyad and that a similar role distribution is observed in human-human and human-robot dyads. Moreover, the knowledge of the partner’s nature does not seem to influence the performances. The results obtained with the virtual partner are encouraging and could be used to design kinesthetic negotiation algorithms in pHRI settings.
The main contributions of this article are: (1) supporting evidence of the possibility for humans to use the kinesthetic channel as mean of negotiation during physical Human-Human Interaction in the lightest known impedance negotiation tasks (with no virtual mass involved), (2) highlighting of the correlation between initiative and dyadic decision making, (3) design of a simple yet efficient virtual partner algorithm capable of realistic physical Human-Robot Interaction in the one-dimension tracking task used in the experimental setup. This design combines minimum jerk trajectory, switching role ability, decision criteria, and statistical parameters that are detailed in this article.
Adversarial Deep Learning for Online Resource Allocation
Authors: Du Bingqian , Huang Zhiyi , Wu Chuan 
Published: February 2022

Online algorithms are an important branch in algorithm design. Designing online algorithms with a bounded competitive ratio (in terms of worst-case performance) can be hard and usually relies on problem-specific assumptions. Inspired by adversarial training from Generative Adversarial Net and the fact that the competitive ratio of an online algorithm is based on worst-case input, we adopt deep neural networks (NNs) to learn an online algorithm for a resource allocation and pricing problem from scratch, with the goal that the performance gap between offline optimum and the learned online algorithm can be minimized for worst-case input.
Specifically, we leverage two NNs as the algorithm and the adversary, respectively, and let them play a zero sum game, with the adversary being responsible for generating worst-case input while the algorithm learns the best strategy based on the input provided by the adversary. To ensure better convergence of the algorithm network (to the desired online algorithm), we propose a novel per-round update method to handle sequential decision making to break complex dependency among different rounds so that update can be done for every possible action instead of only sampled actions. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first using deep NNs to design an online algorithm from the perspective of worst-case performance guarantee. Empirical studies show that our updating methods ensure convergence to Nash equilibrium and the learned algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art online algorithms under various settings.
Exact Distance Oracles for Planar Graphs with Failing Vertices
Authors: Charalampopoulos Panagiotis , Mozes Shay , Tebeka Benjamin 
Published: February 2022

We consider exact distance oracles for directed weighted planar graphs in the presence of failing vertices. Given a source vertex
u
, a target vertex
v
and a set
X
of
k
failed vertices, such an oracle returns the length of a shortest
u
-to-
v
path that avoids all vertices in
X
. We propose oracles that can handle any number
k
of failures. We show several tradeoffs between space, query time, and preprocessing time. In particular, for a directed weighted planar graph with
n
vertices and any constant
k
, we show an Õ(
n
)-size, Õ(√
n
)-query-time oracle.

1

We then present a space vs. query time tradeoff: for any
q
ε [ 1,√
n
], we propose an oracle of size
n
k+1+o(1)
/

q
2k

that answers queries in Õ(
q
) time. For single vertex failures (
k
= 1), our
n
2+o(1)
/
q
2
-size, Õ(
q
)-query-time oracle improves over the previously best known tradeoff of Baswana et al. SODA 2012 by polynomial factors for
q
≥

n
t

, for any
t
∈ (0,1/2]. For multiple failures, no planarity exploiting results were previously known.
Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of Bevacizumab plus Radiochemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wei Fang 
Published: February 2022

Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of bevacizumab plus radiochemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Methods. Eighty-six eligible patients with gastric cancer treated in our institution from August 2019 to August 2020 were recruited and concurrently randomly assigned via the random number table method at a 1 : 1 ratio to receive neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (control group) or bevacizumab (given on the first day of each course of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy) plus neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (study group) for 9 weeks (3 weeks as one course). Outcomes include the clinical efficacy and serum tumor marker levels before and after treatment. Patients in both groups were followed up for 12 months after treatment to obtain progression-free survival (PFS). Assessment of patients’ quality of survival was done by the Karnofsky performance score (KPS). The occurrence of adverse reactions in patients during treatment was monitored to evaluate the safety of the treatment protocol. Results. The research group outperformed the control group significantly in terms of total treatment efficiency (

P

< 0.05). After treatment, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and glycoantigen 199 (CA199) levels were markedly reduced in both groups, with lower results observed in the research group (

P

< 0.05). The research group had a significantly longer median PFS than the control group (95% CI: 1.182–2.367, 1.132–2.469,

P

< 0.05). A significantly higher improvement in quality of survival was observed in the research group than in the control group (

P

< 0.05). No significant intergroup differences in adverse reactions were reported, and no new safety signals were identified (

P

> 0.05). Conclusion. Bevacizumab potentiates the treatment outcomes for advanced gastric cancer by effectively attenuating the abnormalities of serum tumor marker levels and prolonging survival, with a high safety profile, in combination with radiochemotherapy versus radiochemotherapy alone.
Inhibiting Autophagy Pathway of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Promotes Apoptosis in SK-N-SH Cell Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Pang Yu , Lin Wennan , Zhan Lan , Zhang Jiawen , Zhang Shicun , Jin Hongwei , Zhang He , Wang Xiaoli , Li Xiaoming 
Published: February 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common dementia disease characterized by chronic progressive neurodegeneration. The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease is on the rise as the population ages at an accelerating pace. According to epidemiological data, by 2050, the number of Alzheimer’s patients in the United States will be three times higher than that in 2010, and a similar trend is occurring in China. To explore the effect and mechanism of let-7b by detecting the expression level of let-7b in Alzheimer’s disease, fifty patients with Alzheimer’s disease and thirty healthy controls were selected. The expression levels of let-7 families (let-7a, let-7b, let-7c, let-7d, let-7e, let-7f, let-7g, and let-7i) were detected by qPCR. Human neuroblastoma cell SK-N-SH were divided into control group (untreated), model group (treated with Aβ1-40), Aβ1-40+let-7b mimic group (treated with Aβ1-40 and transfected with let-7b mimic), and Aβ1-40+miR-NC group (treated with aβ1-40 and transfected with miR-NC). let-7b expression and cell survival rate were detected by qPCR and CCK-8, and the levels of caspase 3, LC3, beclin-1, PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were detected by Western blot. let-7b was significantly different between the case group and the control group (

p

< 0.001). CCK-8 showed a significant decrease in cell viability in Aβ1-40 treatment group compared with that in the control group (

p

< 0.01). Overexpression of let-7b significantly reduced the survival rate of the cells, and the expression of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 in the cells was significantly reduced by aβ1-40 treatment (

p

< 0.001). let-7b overexpression also inhibited autophagy via reducing the level of LC3II/LC3I and beclin-1 (

p

< 0.001). Aβ1-40 treatment and let-7b overexpression promoted apoptosis by increasing the expression of cleavage caspase 3. Western blot indicated that Aβ1-40 treatment and let-7b overexpression could increase the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR. let-7b overexpression could inhibit autophagy and promote apoptosis in Alzheimer’s cells by promoting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis.
The Movember Global Action Plan 1 (GAP1): Unique Prostate Cancer Tissue Microarray Resource
Authors: Ouellet Véronique , Erickson Andrew ,   on behalf of GAP1 UTMAs Contributing Investigators, Wiley Kathy , Morrissey Colm , Berge Viktor , Moreno Carlos S. , Tasken Kristin Austlid , Trudel Dominique , True Lawrence D. , Lewis Michael S. , Svindland Aud , Ertunc Onur , Vidal Igor Damasceno , Osunkoya Adeboye O. , Jones Tracy , Bova G. Steven , Lamminen Tarja , Achtman Ariel H. , Buzza Mark , Kouspou Michelle M. , Bigler Steven A. , Zhou Xinchun , Freedland Stephen J. , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Garraway Isla P. , Trock Bruce J. , Taimen Pekka , Saad Fred , Mirtti Tuomas , Knudsen Beatrice S. , De Marzo Angelo M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
The need to better understand the molecular underpinnings of the heterogeneous outcomes of patients with prostate cancer is a pressing global problem and a key research priority for Movember. To address this, the Movember Global Action Plan 1 Unique tissue microarray (GAP1-UTMA) project constructed a set of unique and richly annotated tissue microarrays (TMA) from prostate cancer samples obtained from multiple institutions across several global locations.

Methods:
Three separate TMA sets were built that differ by purpose and disease state.

Results:
The intended use of TMA1 (Primary Matched LN) is to validate biomarkers that help determine which clinically localized prostate cancers with associated lymph node metastasis have a high risk of progression to lethal castration-resistant metastatic disease, and to compare molecular properties of high-risk index lesions within the prostate to regional lymph node metastases resected at the time of prostatectomy. TMA2 (Pre vs. Post ADT) was designed to address questions regarding risk of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and response to suppression of the androgen receptor/androgen axis, and characterization of the castration-resistant phenotype. TMA3 (CRPC Met Heterogeneity)'s intended use is to assess the heterogeneity of molecular markers across different anatomic sites in lethal prostate cancer metastases.

Conclusions:
The GAP1-UTMA project has succeeded in combining a large set of tissue specimens from 501 patients with prostate cancer with rich clinical annotation.

Impact:
This resource is now available to the prostate cancer community as a tool for biomarker validation to address important unanswered clinical questions around disease progression and response to treatment.
Small-Molecule MMRi62 Induces Ferroptosis and Inhibits Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer via Degradation of Ferritin Heavy Chain and Mutant p53
Authors: Li Junhui , Lama Rati , Galster Samuel L. , Inigo Joseph R. , Wu Jin , Chandra Dhyan , Chemler Sherry R. , Wang Xinjiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High frequency of KRAS and TP53 mutations is a unique genetic feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). TP53 mutation not only renders PDAC resistance to chemotherapies but also drives PDAC invasiveness. Therapies targeting activating mutant KRAS are not available and the outcomes of current PDAC treatment are extremely poor. Here, we report that MMRi62, initially identified as an MDM2-MDM4–targeting small molecule with p53-independent pro-apoptotic activity, shows anti-PDAC activity in vitro and in vivo. We show that MMRi62 inhibits proliferation, clonogenic, and spheroid growth of PDAC cells by induction of cell death. MMRi62-induced cell death in PDAC is characteristic of ferroptosis that is associated with increased autophagy, increased reactive oxygen species, and lysosomal degradation of NCOA4 and ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). In addition to induced degradation of FTH1, MMRi62 also induces proteasomal degradation of mutant p53. Interestingly, MMRi62-induced ferroptosis occurs in PDAC cell lines harboring either KRAS and TP53 double mutations or single TP53 mutation. In orthotopic xenograft PDAC mouse models, MMRi62 was capable of inhibiting tumor growth in mice associated with downregulation of NCOA4 and mutant p53 in vivo. Strikingly, MMRi62 completely abrogated metastasis of orthotopic tumors to distant organs, which is consistent with MMRi62's ability to inhibit cell migration and invasion in vitro. These findings identified MMRi62 as a novel ferroptosis inducer capable of suppressing PDAC growth and overcoming metastasis.
O “ato da imagem” de Bredekamp: ontologia e presença dos artefatos visuais
Authors: Feitoza Frederico 
Published: February 2022

Imagens são entidades vivas que assaltam os olhos. Essa é a ideia por trás do conceito de “ato da imagem”, desenvolvido pelo historiador de arte alemão Horst Bredekamp, que se propôs a repensar uma problemática nos estudos da imagem: a dependência de modelos baseados em teorias linguísticas. Em seu estudo sistemático dos mais variados artefatos visuais desde a pré-história, ele propõe três variações do ato da imagem – esquemática, substitutiva e intrínseca – que atuam com sua potência latente específica sobre a visão e o corpo do espectador. Neste artigo buscamos apresentar tal conceito a partir de uma breve contextualização, explicando as suas três variações para, assim, evidenciar e concluir que há uma dimensão ontológica e uma autonomia inumana dos diversos artefatos visuais.
Entre a vegetação e o concreto: análise da arborização urbana nas praças do município de Castanhal, PA
Authors: Gonçalves Larisse Medeiros , Santos Luana Santos dos , Monteiro Pedro Henrique da Silva , Rosal Louise Ferreira 
Published: February 2022

A arborização urbana é importante para sustentabilidade e qualidade de vida de uma região, sendo que sua implementação requer planejamento criterioso. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi diagnosticar, por meio de um inventário florestal, a silvicultura urbana presente nas praças do município de Castanhal, PA. Foi realizado um inventário da vegetação arbórea a partir de exsicatas. Calculou-se a frequência absoluta e a frequência relativa, classificando em nativas e exóticas. Foram encontradas 11 diferentes espécies distribuídas em 8 famílias botânicas, com 27,27% de nativas do país e 72,73% exóticas, provindas da Ásia (75%), América Central (12,5%) e África (12,5%). A Mangifera indica L. (34,7%) e o Ficus benjamina L. (22,7%) apresentaram maior incidência, com mais de 50% do total de espécies. Concluiu-se que a arborização estudada está aquém dos padrões estabelecidos, necessitando de elementos de biodiversidade nativa funcional.
Flu Vaccine and Mortality in Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Modin Daniel , Claggett Brian , Jørgensen Mads Emil , Køber Lars , Benfield Thomas , Schou Morten , Jensen Jens‐Ulrik Stæhr , Solomon Scott D. , Trebbien Ramona , Fralick Michael , Vardeny Orly , Pfeffer Marc A. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: February 2022

Background
Influenza infection may increase the risk of stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether influenza vaccination may reduce mortality in patients with hypertension is currently unknown.

Methods and Results

We performed a nationwide cohort study including all patients with hypertension in Denmark during 9 consecutive influenza seasons in the period 2007 to 2016 who were prescribed at least 2 different classes of antihypertensive medication (renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors, diuretics, calcium antagonists, or beta‐blockers). We excluded patients who were aged <18 years, >100 years, had ischemic heart disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer, or cerebrovascular disease. The exposure to influenza vaccination was assessed before each influenza season. The end points were defined as death from all‐causes, from cardiovascular causes, or from stroke or AMI. For each influenza season, patients were followed from December 1 until April 1 the next year. We included a total of 608 452 patients. The median follow‐up was 5 seasons (interquartile range, 2–8 seasons) resulting in a total follow‐up time of 975 902 person‐years. Vaccine coverage ranged from 26% to 36% during the study seasons. During follow‐up 21 571 patients died of all‐causes (3.5%), 12 270 patients died of cardiovascular causes (2.0%), and 3846 patients died of AMI/stroke (0.6%). After adjusting for confounders, vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risks of all‐cause death (HR, 0.82;
P
<0.001), cardiovascular death (HR, 0.84;
P
<0.001), and death from AMI/stroke (HR, 0.90;
P
=0.017).

Conclusions
Influenza vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risks of death from all‐causes, cardiovascular causes, and AMI/stroke in patients with hypertension. Influenza vaccination might improve outcome in hypertension.
Using the Zwolle Risk Score at Time of Coronary Angiography to Triage Patients With ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Thrombolysis
Authors: Parr Christopher J. , Avery Lorraine , Hiebert Brett , Liu Shuangbo , Minhas Kunal , Ducas John 
Published: February 2022

Background
The Zwolle Risk Score was designed to identify the risk of complications in patients with ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Its utility following PCI in STEMI treated with thrombolysis is unknown. The objective was to evaluate the safety of using the Zwolle Risk Score to triage patients with STEMI following PCI, including patients receiving thrombolysis.

Methods and Results

Patients aged ≥18 years with STEMI and primary PCI or PCI after thrombolysis were included. A triage protocol was developed, with high‐risk patients those with Zwolle Risk Score ≥4 triaged to the cardiac intensive care unit. A prospective evaluation of the triaging protocol was performed on 452 patients, mean age 65±12 years, 73% men. Median Zwolle Risk Score was 3 (interquartile range, 2‒5), with 257 low‐risk (57%), and 195 high‐risk (43%) patients. Adherence to the protocol was 91%. In‐hospital mortality was 0.4% in low‐risk and 13% in high‐risk patients (
P
<0.001). Seventy‐two patients (16%) received thrombolysis. Median time post‐thrombolysis to PCI was 281 minutes (interquartile range, 219‒376). In‐hospital mortality was 0% versus 9% (
P
=0.083) for low‐ and high‐risk patients, respectively. High‐risk patients had higher rates of cardiogenic shock (34% versus 1%,
P
<0.001), pulmonary edema (60% versus 9%,
P
<0.001), arrhythmia (25% versus 2%,
P
<0.001), blood transfusion (10% versus 2%,
P
<0.001), and stroke (4% versus 0.4%,
P
=0.011). Median hospital costs decreased by $1419 per low‐risk patient after protocol implementation.

Conclusions
For patients with STEMI following primary PCI or PCI following thrombolysis, a Zwolle‐based triaging system is safe and may decrease cardiac intensive care unit usage costs.