bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bypass by Any Name is Risky. Time for a Rethink?
Authors: Elliott Steven 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Since the inception of the modern concept of safety instrumented systems there has always been the need to bypass for many reasons, such as during start up, during process transitions, for maintenance, testing, repair, or replacement of faulty instruments.
Bypasses are also referred to as inhibits, suppressions, forcing, impairments, or bridging, but regardless of the name, the process of enacting a bypass is risky. Why?
When Safety Instrumented Functions (SIF) are bypassed there is an increased risk to operating facilities associated with the loss of the specific safety function. The extent of the increased risk is dependent on the consequence of the hazard involved (e.g. rupture, explosion, toxic exposure) and the other protective layers that have been designed into the facility. Bypasses intentionally designed into an Emergency Shutdown System (ESD) must be strictly controlled to minimize the risk to people, production, the environment, and profits.
But the act of bypassing isn’t new. Traditional bypassing methods vary, for example: Hardwired-initiated bypass: Dedicated switches are connected to the inputs of the safety system to deactivate sensors and actuators, and then handled as part of the application program.Sensors and actuators are electrically isolated (disconnected) from the PLC (e.g. using clamps) and checked manually by special measures.Software-initiated bypass: Maintenance overrides initiated by serial communication to the safety system via an operator interface such as BPCS, DCS, SIS engineering tools or an independent HMI.
Fossil Fuels to Green Hydrogen: A Paradigm Shift? An Examination of Capital Project Management Perspectives in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: K. Purayil Prasannakumar , Pratap Chandran Sujith 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE/SCOPE
Hydrogen based economy is real? Are the oil producers being pressurized to curtail greenhouse gas emissions? While several organizations are revisiting its means to shift the business basics from fossil to hydrogen, there are several questions to be answered. Terms such as "hydrogen", "wind" and "solar" are getting more popular in the project management dictionary. In addition, the post pandemic era could be of greater challenge, especially for managing mega projects. A fundamental realignment in project management discipline is inevitable. While managing the transition, the project management functions also require a better "redefinition" in line with such paradigm shift. This paper investigates the project management changes and challenges from a large, Joint Ventured project context, in the post pandemic era in terms of redefining better project success.

METHODS, PROCEDURES, PROCESS
The Paris Agreement, the international treaty on climate change, is litigating the need for adopting low carbon energy sources; its longer term impacts will be studied. The transition of energy basics to hydrogen, which is imminent, to be treated as very fundamental, its implications from project complexity management aspects will be investigated. Technological maturity and economical feasibility along with its stakeholder's influences will be reviewed. The high level interface aspects from technology integration viewpoints will be analyzed. Project Human Resource Management challenges will be evaluated.
Second change driver is the impacts of Covid-19, which has several lessons to be investigated and captured from project management perspectives. Improvisation of risk management practices during post pandemic period will be documented as part of project execution strategies. Key aspects such as contracting, procurement and supply chain strategies will be evaluated as an effective methodology for risk reduction.

RESULTS, OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONS
The fundamental changes in oil based capital project management will be elaborated based on two critical change drivers. Project configuration, integration and risk management perspectives will be analyzed from decision marker's view points. The considerations of additional critical success factors from capital project management will be defined. Project Definition Parameters defined through integrated Front End Loading, iFEL will be elaborated. Project decision model and leadership model from PMO perspective will be detailed. An overall strategy for changed conditions beyond project triple constraints will be outlined.

NOVEL/ADDITIVE INFORMATION
The strategic redefinition of project management functions and its implementation aspects will be administered through a competent Project Management Office (PMO) function. Authors identify the PMO's leading roles from a change management perspective while implementing capital projects.
COVID-19 in elderly: Management issues
Authors: Singh A. K. , Garg Shikhar , Gupta Rohit Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
COVID 19 has once again brought to the forefront the issue of vulnerability of the geriatric population to diseases. Advanced age itself and comorbidities (obesity, DM, HTN/IHD, COPD, CLD, CKD, immunocompromised states, transplant, malignancy and CHD), which increase with age, are the main risk factors for contracting severe COVID 19. Immunosenescence, unpredictable disease course, atypical symptoms, pathophysiological changes in respiratory system and a state of hypercoagulability associated with aging are responsible for increased severity and mortality of SARS CoV 2 in the elderly.

Management:

Diagnosis:
RT PCR is the gold standard investigation for diagnosis though it has approximately 33% false negative rate.

Classification:
On the basis of dyspnea, respiratory rate and SpO2 in room air, patients are classified as mild, moderate and severe cases. On the basis of severity of case, investigation and monitoring is planned.

Treatment:
Mild cases are advised home isolation whereas moderate and severe cases require hospitalization. Mild cases usually subside with use of anti pyretics, immunomodulators (Zinc, Vit C, D), hydration, anti tussives and anti virals (Doxycycline, Ivermectin, Favipiravir). Oxygen therapy and steroids form the mainstay of treatment in moderate and severe cases. Anti coagulants, anti viral (Remdesivir) and monoclonal antibody (Tocilizumab) are used as and when required. Newer drugs like antibody cocktail and 2-DG have also been developed. Chest physiotherapy (proning and spirometric exercise) enhances recovery.

Prevention:
COVID appropriate behavior (use of mask, hand hygiene and physical distancing) and priority vaccination of elderly are the most important tools to safeguard geriatric population.
VALUABLE ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND AGROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF JAPONICA TYPE OF RICE VARIETY “TARONA”
Authors: Хайитов М.Ю. , Курбанбаев А. , Эргашев М.А. 
Published: February 2022

В статье представлена информация о создании высокоурожайного высококачественного сорта риса «Тарона» и его ценных экономических, биологических и агробиологических характеристиках.
The article provides information on the high-yielding and high-quality new rice variety «Tarona» and its valuable economic, biological also agrobiological characteristics.
О СБОРНИКЕ А.Б. ЧИРКОВА «ПРОПОВЕДЬ СВЕТА»
Authors: Иванова Е.В. 
Published: February 2022

Статья посвящена творчеству А.Чиркова. В ней анализируется его итоговый сборник «Проповедь света», делается попытка выявления сквозных мотивов творчества поэта.
The article is devoted to the creation of A.Chirkov. His book “The Preacing of Light” contains summary collection of verses. It is an attempt to identify cross-cutting motives in the creation of poet.
Thermodynamic characteristics of sorption extraction and separation of neodymium and ytterbium
Authors: Черемисина О.В. , Пономарева М.А. , Сергеев В.В. , Машукова Ю.А. , Ситко А.В. 
Published: February 2022

В работе исследовано сорбционное извлечение неодима и иттербия из азотнокислых растворов в виде анионных комплексов с трилоном Б. В качестве сорбента использовался слабоосновный анионит Purolite A847, переведенный в нитратную форму. Получение термодинамических и сорбционных характеристик проводилось математическим описанием изотерм сорбции, основанным на линеаризации уравнения закона действующих масс. В результате работы определены значения полной емкости анионита и предельной сорбции для ЭДТАиттербиат- и ЭДТАнеодат-ионов, рассчитаны значения констант ионообменного равновесия, также значения энергии Гиббса ионного обмена – для неодима ∆G = -10,47 ± 0,52 кДж/моль и для иттербия ∆G = -11,80 ± 0,59 кДж/моль. Рассчитан коэффициент разделения KYb/Nd = 2,42 ± 0,05.
The sorption extraction of neodymium and ytterbium from nitric acid solutions in the form of anionic complexes with Trilon B was investigated in the work. A weakly basic anionite Purolite A847 was used as a sorbent, which was converted to the nitrate form. The thermodynamic and sorption characteristics were obtained by a mathematical description of sorption isotherms based on the linearization of the law of action of masses equation. As a result of the work, the values of the total capacity of the anionite and the limiting sorption for EDTAytterbiate and EDTAneodate ions were determined, the values of the ion exchange equilibrium constants were calculated, as well as the values of the Gibbs energy of ion exchange – for neodymium ∆G = -10,47 ± 0,52 kJ / mol and for ytterbium ∆G = -11,80 ± 0,59 kJ / mol. The separation factor was calculated KYb/Nd = 2,42 ± 0,05.
Flora of higher vascular herbaceous plants of Ponikovka river (the territory of the Prioksko-Terrasny State Biosphere Reserve) in 2011–2013
Authors: Кацман Е.А. 
Published: February 2022

Статья описывает флористический состав гидрофильных сообществ высших сосудистых травянистых растений малой реки Пониковки, протекающей в центральной части Приокско-Террасного государственного биосферного заповедника, находящихся вне влияния деятельности вида-эдификатора – речного бобра.
The article describes the floristic composition of hydrophilic communities of higher vascular herbaceous plants of the small river Ponikovka, flowing in the central part of the Prioksko-Terrasny State Biosphere Reserve, outside the influence of the edificator species – the river beaver.
Analysis of the experience of using an integrated approach to develop a conceptual model of the geological environment based on engineering and geological criteria
Authors: Хансиварова Н.М. , Трюхан В.А. 
Published: February 2022

На примерах некоторых крупных городов России, приведен краткий анализ использования комплексных подходов с применением ГИС-технологий для оценки устойчивости природно-технических систем (ПТС) через интегральный показатель. Он позволяет учитывать суммарный эффект наиболее значимых инженерно-геологических факторов и техногенных воздействий на компоненты геологической среды – природной подсистемы ПТС
Based on the examples of some major cities in Russia, a brief analysis of the use of integrated approaches using GIS technologies to assess the stability of natural and technical systems (PTS) through an integral indicator is given. It allows you to take into account the total effect of the most significant engineering and geological factors and man-made impacts on the components of the geological environment – the natural subsystem of the PTS.
The analysis of implementation options and manners of triggering a multi-motor synchronous electric drive of machines on the production of chemical threads
Authors: Останин С.Ю. , Зубарев Н.С. , Лискин А.С. 
Published: February 2022

Проведён анализ вариантов реализации и способов пуска многодвигательного синхронного электропривода технологических машин по выпуску химических нитей. Показаны преимущества применения для рассматриваемых технологических машин электроприводов на базе гистерезисных электродвигателей в синхронном режиме по сравнению с электроприводами на основе синхронных реактивных электродвигателей и синхронных электродвигателей с возбуждением от постоянных магнитов.
The analysis of implementation options and manners of triggering a multi-motor synchronous electric drive of technological machines on the production of chemical threads was carried out. The advantages of the application for the considered technological machines electric drives based on hysteretic electric motors in synchronous mode in comparison with electric drives based on synchronous reactive electric motors and synchronous electric motors with excitation from permanent magnets are shown.
videofilm as a component of information training technology
Authors: Григорьева Е.В. 
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы использования информационных технологий при изучении дисциплины инженерного цикла в учебно-информационной среде.
The article deals with the use of information technologies in the study of the engineering cycle discipline in the educational and information environment.
PARAMETERS OF THE STATE AND BIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF WOODY PLANTS FROM NATIVE FLORA IN CONDITIONS OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL PHYTOCENOSES
Authors: Ларионов М.В. , Володькин А.А. 
Published: February 2022

В этой статье приведен краткий анализ состояния и биологической устойчивости древесных растений в искусственных и природных фитоценозах Нижнего и Среднего Поволжья. В анализ включены полученные сведения об аборигенных видах древесных растений. Уставленные значения их адаптационных возможностей, жизнеспособности и жизненного состояния свидетельствуют об устойчивости этих растений и образованных ими сообществ.
This article provides a brief analysis of the state and biological stability of woody plants in artificial and natural phytocenoses of the Lower and Middle Volga regions. The analysis includes the information obtained on the native species of woody plants. The stated values of their adaptive capabilities, viability and vital state testify to the stability of these plants and the communities formed by them.
STUDY ON THE ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER ABSORBED BY FOUR KINDS OF TREES IN VOLCANIC LAVA PLATFORM
Authors: Чэн Л. 
Published: February 2022

В данной исследовательской работе в качестве объектов исследования выбраны четыре вида дерева – монгольский дуб, береза, осина и лиственница, которые являются основными репрезентативными растениями лесной растительности на вулканическом лавовом плато нового периода в живописной местности Удалянчи; изучается характеристика удержания атмосферных твердных частиц TSP, PM10, PM2.5. Результаты показали, что среди изучаемых деревьев монгольский дуб имеет самую мощную способность по удержанию TSP, PM10 и PM2.5, осина – самую слабую способность по удержанию TSP и PM2.5, а лиственница – самую слабую способность по удержанию PM10. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ показал, что по статистике Левена с постепенным уменьшением размера атмосферных твердых частиц четыре дерева проявляют гомогенность дисперсии, в области удержания количества PM2.5, но существует заметная разница между монгольским дубом с лиственницей и березой с осиной.
Quercus mongolica, Betula platyphylla, Populus davidiana and Larix gmelinii, which are the most important representative plants of forest vegetation in the volcanic lava platform of Wudalianchi scenic spot, were selected as the research objects. The absorption of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 per unit leaf area of four trees was studied. The results showed that Quercus mongolica had the highest amounts of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 among different trees, Populus davidiana had the smallest amount of TSP, PM2.5 and Larix gmelinii had the smallest amount of PM10. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that with the gradual decrease of atmospheric particle size, the absorption of PM2.5 per unit leaf area of four kinds of trees was homogeneous under Levene statistics, and there were significant differences among Quercus mongolica, Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla, Populus davidiana.
COMPARATIVE RATING OF INDUSTRY LEADERS AIC OF RUSSIA IN 2019 AND 2020
Authors: Лесовская М.И. , Донцова Л.В. , Овчинникова О.О. 
Published: February 2022

В статье обобщены результаты аналитических материалов информационных агентств и порталов. Рассмотрены наиболее успешные представители различных отраслей агропромышленного комплекса РФ за два последние года. Актуальность темы определяется особенностями рассматриваемого периода в связи с возникновением форсмажорных факторов риска, в первую очередь пандемической ситуации, сопутствующее осложнение экономических условий деятельности предприятий и оценка имеющегося у них лидерского потенциала. Целью работы являлось обобщение информационных материалов по отраслевым лидерам АПК, представленным в рейтинговых обзорах наиболее авторитетных информационно-аналитических агентств. В результате проведённой работы показано, что в период с 2019 года по 2020 год изменились лидеры отрасли. Выявлены особенности предприятий, способных занимать ведущие позиции несмотря на неблагоприятный социально-экономический фон. На основании анализа современных тенденций выявлены выделить основные направления развития, которые необходимо учитывать компаниям, нацеленным на высокие позиции в рейтинге агропромышленных предприятий в условиях труднопрогнозируемых рисков.
The article summarizes the results of analytical materials that have been prepared by news agencies and portals. The most successful actors from various branches of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation over the last two years are considered. This topic is hight actual because the current period has important social and economic characteristics. New risk factors have emerged, primarily a pandemic situation. These factors complicate the economic conditions for the activities of enterprises, at the same time, they allow one to assess their leadership potential. The aim of the work was to summarize information materials on the industry leaders of the agro-industrial complex, using the reviews of the most authoritative information and analytical agencies. It is shown that the leaders of the industry have changed in the period from 2019 to 2020. The features of enterprises capable of occupying leading positions in spite of the unfavorable social and economic background are revealed. The main directions of companies development was detected to be taken into account by companies aiming at high rating positions in conditions of risks which are difficult to predict.
ESTIMATION OF THE RATE OF RETREAT OF THE COAST OF THE SOUTHWESTERN CRIMEA BY REMOTE SENSING
Authors: Новиков А.А. , Игнатов Е.И. , Каширина Е.С. 
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены результаты оценки скорости отступания берегов Юго-Западного Крыма по данным дистанционного зондирования Земли. Побережье разделено на 12 участков, объединенных в 5 типов.
The paper presents the results of assessing the rate of retreat of the shores of the Southwestern Crimea based on remote sensing data. The coast is divided into 12 sections and 5 types.
SYNTHESIS OF THE MANEUVER TARGET ACCELERATION DETERMINES ALGORITHM
Authors: Нгуен В.Б. , Данг К.Вy. , Тринь К.Ф. , Нгуен Н.Т. 
Published: February 2022

В статье представлены результаты синтеза алгоритма для определения ускорения движующей цели. Цель состоит в том, что реализовать законы поведения, применимые к современным самонаводящимся ракетам для поражения маневренных и сверхманевренных целей. Алгоритм имеет высокую сходимость, стабильность и небольшую погрешность. Эффективность алгоритма проверена моделированием для того, чтобы получить надежные результаты.
The paper presents the results of synthesizing the maneuver target acceleration determines algorithm. The aim is to realize the guidance laws, applicable to modern self-guided missiles, for the destruction of maneuver and super-maneuverable targets. Simple algorithm, high convergence, sustainable and small error. The effectiveness of the algorithm has been verified through simulation and reliable results.
PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE: TWO TYPES OF SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF HUMANITY (ARTICLE 2)
Authors: Ильин Виктор Васильевич , Хайруллин Аскар Гафиятуллович , Хайруллин Булат Аскарович , Шаура Елена Константиновна 
Published: February 2022

Философию и эпические формы литературы единит миссия - «человечность» освоения гуманитарных сюжетов, но различает «орудие» тематизации судьбы человечности. Философия преодолевает предметную детализацию мысли, вырывается из стесняющих обстоятельственных границ, расторгает условность жизненного материала, не налагает на себя поведенческих уз. Преодолевает она и каноны жанровых систем, композиционных конструкций, тенденции стилевого самовыражения. В отличие от литературы, философия добивается универсальности трактовок универсальных возможностей, данных не в образах, а в идеях, не в сценах, а в отвлечениях.
Philosophy and epic forms of literature are united by the mission of expressing the human dimension of the world. However, they are distinguished by the «tools» of thematization of the human destiny. Philosophy overcomes the details of thought, breaks out of the constraining circumstantial boundaries, overcomes the conventionality of life material, does not impose behavioral bonds on itself. It also overpasses the canons of genre systems, compositional structures, and trends in stylistic self-expression. Unlike literature, philosophy seeks universality of interpretations of universal possibilities given not in images, but in ideas, not in scenes, but in conceptual constructions.
P.N. MILYUKOV'S FOREIGN TRIPS: FROM APPRENTICESHIP TO SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUE
Authors: Михайлова Елена Евгеньевна 
Published: February 2022

Заграничные поездки русского историка-позитивиста и общественного деятеля рубежа XIX-XX вв. П.Н. Милюкова рассмотрены как способ самопознания, накопления информации и обретения умений вести научный диалог. Мотивация заграничных поездок русского ученого представлена во временной динамике: от ученичества и первых впечатлений - через понимание важности диалога разнородных культур - к практическим шагам научного сотрудничества. Период с 1881 г. по 1899 г. можно с большим основанием назвать временем «ученичества» Милюкова.
The foreign trips of the Russian positivist historian and public figure at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries P.N. Milyukov are considered as a way of self-knowledge, accumulation of information and acquisition of skills of conducting scientific dialogue. The motivation of the Russian scholar's foreign trips is presented in time dynamics: from apprenticeship and first impressions - through understanding the importance of dialogue between different cultures - to practical steps in scientific cooperation. The period from 1881 to 1899 can be called with great reason the time of Milyukov's «apprenticeship».
LEV SHESTOV’S PHILOSOPHY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTELLRCTUAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Буланов Владимир Владимирович 
Published: February 2022

Автор статьи утверждает, что есть две причины, по которым можно считать, что философия Льва Шестова актуальна в контексте современного интеллектуального дискурса. Первая причина - это созвучность иррационализма философии Шестова постмодернизму. Вторая причина - это выдвижение Шестовым убедительной альтернативы бегству от страха смерти.
The author of the article argues that there are two reasons why Lev Shestov's philosophy can be considered relevant in the context of contemporary intellectual discourse. The first reason is the consonance of the irrationalism of Shestov's philosophy with postmodernism. The second one is Shestov's nomination of a convincing alternative to escape from the fear of death.