bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and evaluation of novel functional extruded corn snacks fortified with ginger, bay leaves and turmeric powder
Authors: Amer Sara Adel , Rizk Ayat Ebrahim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Extruded corn snacks are accepted by all human ages especially children, but they have low functional value. Therefore, corn extruded snacks contain rich nutraceuticals dried herbs including Laurus nobilis (T1), Curcuma longa (T2), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (T3), and the mixture of these herbs (T4) were manufactured and analyzed. The results declared that all the herbal extruded corn snacks had significantly higher ash, fibers, minerals, and vitamins A and B6. For minerals, the highest percent of increase compared to control was achieved by Fe, K, Ca, Zn content in order, being the highest in T4. The contents of Vitamin A and B6 were ranged from 283 to 445 IU/100 g and from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/100 g for the herbal extrudates, respectively. The increased percent in herbal corn snacks relative to control ranged from 743 to 452%, 188 to 17.6%, and from 313 to 99% for total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Besides, the highest number of phenolic compounds was recorded in T4. Despite the fact that approximately all herbal extruded products had good texture and color characteristics, the best formulation was T2 and T4 corn snacks. Furthermore, the extruded products were microbiologically safe for up to 9 months. The formulation of herbal-corn snacks could fulfill consumers’ requirement for ready-to-eat-healthy foods with acceptable sensory attributes and also economically suitable for the food industry.

Graphical abstract
Pulmonary dysfunction in children with Cystinosis: single center study, original article
Authors: Hamed Dina H. , Halim Radwa Mohamed Abdel , El Attar Mona Mohsen , Soliman Neveen A. , Osman Hanan Mohsen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder involving lysosomal storage of the amino acid cystine due to a defect in the membrane transport protein, cystinosin. The disease results in intracellular accumulation of cystine in all organs and tissues.
Pulmonary complications targeting the respiratory system occurs commonly in adults who have not received lifelong cysteamine therapy. The respiratory insufficiency is fatal at adulthood. However, little is known about the pulmonary dysfunction in children.
The study included 15 nephropathic cystinosis children to evaluate the pulmonary complications through detailed history taking, clinical examination, chest radiograph and Pulmonary function test (Impulse oscillometry {IOS}).

Results
Out of the cohort of 15 cystinosis patients, 13 patients did not show symptoms suggestive of chest affection. While 1 patient had recurrent Aspiration and 1 patient had history of pneumonia requiring hospital admission. All patients showed normal respiratory rate for age, normal breath sound and normal Chest X-ray finding apart from conical chest configuration.
IOS done showed small airway disease in 12 patients, decreased compliance in 2 patients, while only 1patient had normal IOS.

Conclusion
Small airway affection was detected in most of cystinosis children by means of IOS in spite of the absence of chest manifestations and suggestive history which highlight the importance of respiratory assessment and follow up of cystinosis patients not only by history, and examination but most important pulmonary function tests.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in acute abdominal pain in paediatric age group
Authors: Arora Vijinder , Kaur Tanveen , Singh Kunwarpal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of acute atraumatic abdominal pain as the first line cross sectional modality in children, so as to prevent excessive radiation exposure from computed tomography scan and to review the magnetic resonance imaging features of common acute abdominal and pelvic conditions.

Results
30 patients (0–18 years) underwent rapid unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The results of our study indicated that for the diagnosis of causes for acute abdominal pain, magnetic resonance imaging had sensitivity of 92% (95% confidence interval 73.8–97.6%) and a specificity of 80% (95% confidence interval 28.4–99.5%). The positive predictive value was 95.8% (95% confidence interval 79.9–99.3%) and negative predictive value was 67% (95% confidence interval 33.1–89.0%) which had a highly significant statistical association (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent option for the initial, detailed evaluation of acute abdominal emergencies in pediatric patients because it can diagnose the whole range of presenting abnormalities which include the causes of abdominal pain warranting surgical and nonsurgical management.
A case report of vanishing testicle: radiological diagnosis and short review
Authors: Kathar Hussain Mohamed Rafi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Vanishing testicular syndrome is also known as testicular regression syndrome (TRS) is due to atrophy and disappearance of testis in the fetal life after the formation of the normal testis. It is a spectrum of disorders; clinical features are depending upon the stage of fetal or early neonatal life at which function of testicles ceases.

Case presentation
Young 40-year-old male patient came for a routine master health checkup. On clinical examination he had a nonpalpable left testis, Rest of the clinical examinations are unremarkable. Referred to ultrasound (USG), for testis localization reveals the absence of left testis in the left scrotal sac and inguinal canal. Further MRI of the scrotum reveals the feature of TRS.

Conclusion
TRS in the 4th-decade adult is rarely reported in the literature. The asymptomatic presentation shows the least possibility of neoplasm in TRS patients.
Prevalence and outcomes of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients
Authors: Mahmoud Mohammad Salah , Taha Mohamed Shehata , Mansour Ossama Ibrahim , Amir Mohamed , Hamdy Tarek A. , Ezzat W. F. , Mohamed A. H. , Rezk Michael , Saleeb Mina Fayez , Nassif Mena Maher 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions among hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is highly variable between different studies, ranging from 5.6% in the Asian population to 86% in the European population. The study aimed to detect the prevalence and the recovery of olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in an Egyptian tertiary care center. A total of 579 hospitalized patients were enrolled. Demographic data as well as upper respiratory tract symptoms including olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions and other risk factors were documented. Then the recovery of olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions after 6 months was followed up.

Results
50.6% had olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions (24.2% had a total smell and taste loss). A logistic regression analysis revealed a statistical significance between olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions and female gender and presence. Most patients (88.4%) reported partial or complete recovery during the 6 months (28.0% and 60.4%, respectively), while 11.6% of patients did not recover. The median time to start recovery was 3 days, and the median time to the best recovery was 22 days.

Conclusions
Olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions should be recognized for early detection of COVID-19 infection. Most recovery of olfactory/gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 infection starts within 3 days and reaches the best recovery within 19 to 24 days. Female gender and the presence of general symptoms are associated with olfactory/gustatory dysfunctions in the hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Measuring quality of life in autistic adults: the reliability and validity of the Brief Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale
Authors: Mason David , Rodgers Jacqui , Garland Deborah , Wilson Colin , Parr Jeremy R. , McConachie Helen 
Published: February 2022

Background: Measurement of the Quality of Life (QoL) of autistic adults is receiving increasing empirical attention. The World Health Organisation (WHO) QoL measure (WHOQoL-BREF) has been utilised in several studies. Autistic adults report significantly lower QoL compared to neurotypical adults across several domains. However, no studies have investigated the suitability of WHOQoL-BREF as a tool to measure the QoL of autistic adults. Methods: This study explored the validity and reliability of WHOQoL-BREF with a mixed methods approach. Quantitatively, structural validity was explored by an exploratory factor analysis of WHOQoL-BREF data from 352 autistic adults aged 18-80 years. Qualitatively, four discussion groups (n=20 autistic people) were conducted to explore the face validity of the items of WHOQoL-BREF. Results: The five factor structure was conceptually similar to the WHO formulation of QoL, with adequate to good internal consistency of domains; however, some items loaded in an unexpected way. The reasons for these unexpected loadings were explored in the transcripts from the discussion groups. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the WHOQoL-BREF has acceptable validity and reliability for use with autistic adults; however caution is needed when interpreting data from the social domain and some other items
Concomitant chronic subdural hematomas and arachnoid cysts in young adults
Authors: Benek Huseyin Berk , Akcay Emrah 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between arachnoid cysts and chronic subdural hematomas in young adults. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated ten patients having concomitant chronic subdural hematomas and arachnoid cysts. Patients were evaluated with the data of age and gender, location of hematoma and arachnoid cyst, trauma history, symptoms at admission, maximum hematoma diameter, contiguity between arachnoid cyst and hematoma, and treatment methods. Results: We treated 285 patients who were diagnosed with cSDH between January 2013 and December 2019. 22 patients were under the age of 40 years. Ten of them had both cSDH and arachnoid cysts. The mean age of patients was 24.8±3.9 years. Patients with only chronic subdural hematoma had higher mean age than the patients with arachnoid cyst-related chronic subdural hematoma. In four patients, the onset of chronic subdural hematoma was reported after arachnoid cyst diagnosis. Four of the patients did not have causative trauma history, and two patients suffered minor sports-related traumas. All patients had headache, and only two patients had hemiparesis. The location of arachnoid cysts were in the middle fossa in eight patients. All patients had chronic subdural hematomas on the ipsilateral side of arachnoid cyst. Four patients who had smaller than 10 mm maximal cSDH diameter underwent conservative management. They were followed by serial neuroimaging studies and it was noted that the hematoma disappered and the size of the arachnoid cysts decreased over time without any neurological complication. In six cases, craniotomy was required, and all recovered completely. cSDH did not recur during 5–60 months of follow-up period (median 12 months). Conclusions: It seems that presence of an arachnoid cyst in young adults is a predisposing factor for the formation of chronic subdural hematoma. Coincidentally diagnosed arachnoid cyst patients may be followed up with periodical clinical examinations and neuroimaging studies.
Importation, circulation, and emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the South Indian state of Karnataka
Authors: Pattabiraman Chitra , Prasad Pramada , George Anson K. , Sreenivas Darshan , Rasheed Risha , Reddy Nakka Vijay Kiran , Desai Anita , Vasanthapuram Ravi 
Published: February 2022

Background:As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, the selection of genomic variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with higher transmission, more severe disease, re-infection, and immune escape are a cause for concern. Such variants have been reported from the UK (B.1.1.7), South Africa (B.1.351) and, Brazil (P.1/B.1.1.28). We performed this study to track the importation, spread, and emergence of variants locally.Methods:We sequenced whole genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from international travellers (n=75) entering Karnataka, South India, between Dec 22, 2020 and Jan 31, 2021, and from positive cases in the city of Bengaluru (n=108), between Nov 22, 2020- Jan 22, 2021, as well as a local outbreak. We present the lineage distribution and analysis of these sequences.Results:Genomes from the study group into 34 lineages. Variant B.1.1.7 was introduced by international travel (24/73, 32.9%). Lineage B.1.36 and B.1 formed a major fraction of both imported (B.1.36: 20/73, 27.4%; B.1: 14/73, 19.2%), and circulating viruses (B.1.36: 45/103; 43.7%,. B.1: 26/103; 25.2%). The lineage B.1.36 was also associated with a local outbreak. We detected nine amino acid changes, previously associated with immune escape, spread across multiple lineages. The N440K change was detected in 45/162 (27.7%) of the sequences, 37 of these were in the B.1.36 lineage (37/65, 56.92%)Conclusions:Our data support the idea that variants of concern spread by travel. Viruses with amino acid replacements associated with immune escape are already circulating. It is critical to check transmission and monitor changes in SARS-CoV-2 locally.
ON THE STUDY OF TOPONYMS IN COGNITIVE ASPECT
Authors: Kovlakas Elena F. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose. The article is a review of scientific research on toponymy in the cognitive aspect. Toponyms as proper names contain communicative pragmatics, the ability to transmit national and cultural information about the objects of reality. For a long time, researchers have tied a toponym to a geographical object, ignoring the sensory side of cognition, from which the perception of the object of reality (geographical object) begins. The study of toponyms in the cognitive aspect goes back to objects and their perception, to the anthropological paradigm in linguistics.
It is quite obvious that the problem of “person / language” is becoming increasingly relevant in linguistics, its solution making it possible to go beyond the language and pay attention to the person. We have made an attempt to systematize scientific research, establish links between existing theories and expand the range of toponymic research.
Methodology. As a method of scientific research, we have chosen a review of the scientific literature on the chosen topic, which allows us to systematize research and propose a direction that has not been thoroughly studies so far, while being, in our opinion, of particular importance.
Results. The main research paradigms are analyzed, the features of regional toponymic systems are highlighted, the need for expanding toponymic research in the direction of forming a toponymic picture of the world of a particular region is justified.
Practical implications. The results of the study may be of interest for the theory of language, archeology, history, ethnography, geography, as well as for further toponymic studies.
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF DOCUMENTARY LINGUISTICS IN DATABASE COMPILING (BASED ON THE OSSETIAN LANGUAGE MATERIAL)
Authors: Gatsalova Larisa B. , Parsieva Larisa K. , Valieva Madina D. 
Published: February 2022

The article presents the experience of the authors’ practical work on compiling databases used in documentary linguistics in the study of vocabulary and terminology of office work, which is one of the most pressing problems of Ossetian linguistics, having a direct impact on the preservation and development of the functionality of the minority Ossetian language.
Background. The modern stage of the development of documentary linguistics has its own peculiarities associated with the expansion of the nomenclature of documents having a unified form not only within one country, but also throughout the world. The share of documentary communication is increasing during the pandemic, so the compilation of databases and registries in different languages is becoming particularly relevant.
Purpose. Identification of the main trends in the development of documentary linguistics at the present stage and description of practical experience in compiling a register of geographical names.
Materials and methods. The materials for the study were regional periodicals, official websites of the executive and legislative authorities of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania and the Republic of South Ossetia – the State of Alania. Research methods: content analysis, continuous sampling.
Results. The principles of the nomination of geographical names in the Ossetian language used in official business speech have been developed; the controversial points in the names denoting the location, as well as the principles of translating such words into Russian and Ossetian languages have been clarified. To conduct the study, the authors compiled registers of geographical names in Russian and Ossetian languages. A large illustrative material gives the authors the opportunity to identify the patterns of development of the terminology of the documentation support of management in the Ossetian language, to identify the most promising trends in word-formation activity, to outline further ways in the work on the ordering of this term system.
Practical implications. The practical significance of this study is dictated by the need to organize systematic work on the introduction of office work in the Ossetian language in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Republic of South Ossetia in order to increase the effectiveness of measures to preserve the native language. The work can be useful in the practice of documentation support of management activities in the Ossetian language, in the preparation of lexicographic publications, as well as in the practice of translation.
MEANS OF EXPRESSING EVALUATION OF INTELLECT IN THE MEDIA (using the example of the Guardian texts)
Authors: Gavrikova Yulia S. 
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the specifics of the implementation of the evaluation category in English using the example of the means of expressing the evaluation of intellect in media texts.
Purpose of this study is to analyze the features of expressing the evaluation of intellect by means of the English language.
Methods and methodology of work: along with general linguistic methods, the authors used methods of definitional, component and contextual analysis.
Results: the means of expressing the evaluation can belong to different levels of the language. They include lexical, stylistic, derivational, syntactic and graphic means. The article examines how these tools are used to express the evaluation of intellect on the example of the texts of articles from the world-famous newspaper The Guardian. We have identified, classified and analyzed various linguistic means of expressing the evaluation of intellect. The analysis was carried out both from the point of view of frequency and from the point of view of their overall role for expressing the evaluation of intellect. The leading means of expressing the evaluation of intellect was identified, and a detailed analysis of its specificity of expressing the evaluation was carried out.
Practical implications: the results obtained can be used for further study of the means of evaluation of intellect in English.
ARTIFACT METAPHOR IN ENGLISH MASS MEDIA IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Omarova Patimat M. 
Published: February 2022

The article examines the functioning of the artifact metaphor in English mass media in the field of economics. The source domains of metaphors are determined, the role of metaphor as an effective means of expressing and evaluating economic processes is considered, and the most common types of metaphors with the source domains “artifacts” are described.
Purpose. The article reveals and analyses conceptual metaphors in economic articles, in particular, artifact metaphors are considered as means of manipulation.
Methodology. The research was held using the conceptual, contextual, and descriptive methods as well as partial sampling technique. Scientific novelty is due to lack of research of artifact metaphors’ manipulative effect in economic discourse.
Results. The results of the research show the most commonly used artifact metaphors in the English mass media and their functions in economic articles.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in special courses in cognitive linguistics, text analysis, translation study of social-political and economic texts as well as for writing theses.
INNOVATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY THROUGH THE USE OF VIDEO CLIPS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES TEACHING
Authors: Kudinova Olga A. , Kudinova Valentina I. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose. The objective of the study was to design a teaching innovation strategy through learning based on the video-clip to improve knowledge and overcome the difficulties that the university student presents in personal or group learning.
Methodology. The research is based on the theoretical study and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, analysis of the results of experimental training, generalization of the results obtained during project activities based on video clips.
This pilot project was carried out with 5th-year students studying Practice of oral and written speech: Advanced level. Students have a high level of knowledge and a great interest in studying. The specifics of the subject also imply a high degree of participation in the proposed project. Students were offered several “dynamic tasks” reflecting a number of complex concepts from the curriculum. For each task, the participants developed a scenario in the form of a dialogue, which was corrected by the teacher during tutoring classes and used to create a video clip in which students had to act out a real-life situation related to the proposed topics. The impact of completed tasks on the group of participants was assessed through a survey.
The advantage of this pilot project is that conditions have been created for students to actively express students’ individual identity, the opportunity to use the acquired language material in accordance with their speech-thinking capabilities, freely participate in the communication process.
Results. Results showed that video-clip-based learning is a helpful tool not only for the acquisition of knowledge but also for enhancing communication skills and abilities by higher education students.
Practical implications. The use of video clips in the practice of teaching foreign languages contributes to the development of students’ communication skills, increases their motivation, provides visualization of the studied material, the effectiveness of its assimilation.
CROSS-CULTURALISM AND THE APPLICATION OF LEADERSHIP EDUCATION IN MAINLAND CHINA
Authors: Fox Brendon , Bourgeois Jeff 
Published: February 2022

The internationalization of United States higher education has been described as a “two-way street” where students arrive at knowledge transfer. That transfer occurs through a curriculum deemed “unidirectional” with no relevance to local issues or needs and results in limited application and educational colonialism perceptions. Specific to leadership education, the extant literature presents implications of neglect to cultural contexts traditionally reflected in the curriculum within a host nation. We used an explanatory mixed methods design for this study to investigate the degree to which undergraduate Western-based leadership studies courses taught in China reflect the notion of “neocolonialism” by prioritizing Western interests and values.
While the study’s quantitative results reveal cultural differences in leadership education concepts, the qualitative follow-up phase finds students’ appreciation in the utility of leadership concepts and knowledge gained from the leadership curriculum. Students could cite specific situations in which they employed leadership concepts acquired from their respective leadership courses.