bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating human dynamic populations in models of infectious disease transmission: a systematic review
Authors: Møgelmose Signe , Neels Karel , Hens Niel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
An increasing number of infectious disease models consider demographic change in the host population, but the demographic methods and assumptions vary considerably. We carry out a systematic review of the methods and assumptions used to incorporate dynamic populations in infectious disease models.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles on infectious disease transmission in dynamic host populations. We screened the articles and extracted data in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).

Results
We identified 46 articles containing 53 infectious disease models with dynamic populations. Population dynamics were modelled explicitly in 71% of the disease transmission models using cohort-component-based models (CCBMs) or individual-based models (IBMs), while 29% used population prospects as an external input. Fertility and mortality were in most cases age- or age-sex-specific, but several models used crude fertility rates (40%). Households were incorporated in 15% of the models, which were IBMs except for one model using external population prospects. Finally, 17% of the infectious disease models included demographic sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
We find that most studies model fertility, mortality and migration explicitly. Moreover, population-level modelling was more common than IBMs. Demographic characteristics beyond age and sex are cumbersome to implement in population-level models and were for that reason only incorporated in IBMs. Several IBMs included households and networks, but the granularity of the underlying demographic processes was often similar to that of CCBMs. We describe the implications of the most common assumptions and discuss possible extensions.
Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in defining dentate line in anal fistula
Authors: Liu Xiuxiang , Wang Zhenchang , Ren Hua , Wang Zheng , Li Jing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To retrospectively assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in defining dentate line in anal fistula.

Materials and methods
Seventy patients with anal fistulas were assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The distance from the dentate line to the anal verge for all patients was measured by MRI. To mitigate interference, 35 patients with anal fistulas whose internal openings were located on the dentate line were excluded from this study. Two observers independently judged the positional relationship between the internal opening and the MRI-defined dentate line, and compared with the results observed by surgeon to assess the accuracy.

Results
The distance between the MRI-defined dentate line and the anal verge depended on the location of the internal opening and the morphology of the anal canal mucosa. The distance based on the location the internal opening and the morphology of the anal canal mucosa was 18.2 ± 8.1 mm and 20.0 ± 5.3 mm on oblique coronal T2WI, respectively. Compared with the results observed by the surgeon, the accuracy of evaluating the positional relationship between the internal opening and the dentate line from the morphology of the anal canal mucosa on MRI exceeded 89.9%. Taking 18.2–20.0 mm as the distance between the dentate line and the anal verge on the MRI image, the accuracy of evaluating the relationship between the position of the internal opening and the dentate line was over 85.7%. Considering both the dentate line and the anal canal mucosa, the accuracy of evaluating the relationship between the internal opening and the dentate line was over 91.5%. The results of MRI-defined dentate line were in good agreement with the results of intraoperative surgeon evaluation, and the κ values were 0.70, 0.63, and 0.78, respectively.

Conclusion
MRI has high accuracy in defining the dentate line in anal fistulas.
The experiences and perceptions of female breast cancer patients regarding weight management during and after treatment for oestrogen-receptor positive disease: a qualitative study
Authors: JM Saxton , K Pickering , S Wane , H Crank , AS Anderson , H Cain , J Cohen , RJ Copeland , J Gray , J Hargreaves , RJQ McNally , C Wilson 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Weight gain is commonly observed during and after breast cancer treatment and is associated with poorer survival outcomes, notably in women with oestrogen-receptor positive disease. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of oestrogen-receptor positive (ER +) female breast cancer patients (BCPs) regarding weight management behaviours during and after treatment. Secondly, to gain insight into the experiences of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding the provision of weight management advice to patients undergoing treatment.

Methods
Four focus groups involving 16 BCPs having a median (range) age of 51 (35–70 y) and three focus groups involving 21 HCPs aged 46 (29–62) were held at a university campus, local cancer support centre or clinical site. Data were analysed using Framework analysis.

Results
Four overarching themes (and 10 subthemes) were identified: (1) Treatment; (2) Support for lifestyle behaviour change; (3) Information availability for BCPs; (4) Knowledge of current evidence amongst HCPs. The physical and psychological consequences of treatment influenced motivation for weight management amongst BCPs. Social support for health promoting behaviours was viewed as important but was conflicting, requiring context-specific considerations. BCPs said they would have welcomed access to credible information (guided by HCPs) about the potential detrimental health effects of excess body weight and weight gain, together with advice on weight management via healthy eating and physical activity. HCPs felt that they had insufficient knowledge of public health dietary and physical activity recommendations or evidence-based interventions to confidently offer such advice. HCPs expressed concern that raising weight management issues would exacerbate distress or invoke feelings of guilt amongst BCPs, and cited time pressures on patient consultations as additional barriers to providing weight management support.

Conclusion
The study yielded novel insights into factors influencing weight management behaviours amongst overweight ER + BCPs. The results suggest that evidence-based information and support, which addresses key physical and psychological challenges to physical activity and dietary behaviours, offers the best route to sustainable weight management in this population.
Associations between circulating obesity-related biomarkers and prognosis in female breast cancer survivors: a systematic review of observational data in women enrolled in lifestyle intervention trials
Authors: Meyer Dorothy , Pastor-Villaescusa Belén , Michel Sophie , Hauner Hans , Hauner Dagmar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObesity plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer via various oncogenic pathways. However, the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. Moreover, it is unclear whether obesity-related and further associated biomarkers could be suitable targets for lifestyle interventions. This systematic review was conducted to examine relationships between obesity-related blood parameters and prognosis for breast cancer survivors enrolled in lifestyle intervention studies. A systematic, computerized literature search was conducted from inception through August 26th, 2020 in PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL. The focus was on observational data from randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trials investigating associations between selected baseline biomarkers, measured in remission, and breast cancer recurrence, breast cancer mortality and/or all-cause mortality. Four studies with data from 5234 women met the inclusion criteria.Studies herein provide moderate evidence that bioavailable or serum testosterone may be positively linked to breast cancer recurrence and inversely linked to disease-free survival. Limited evidence suggests no associations with circulating estradiol or insulin levels on prognosis outcomes, whereas HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with breast cancer recurrence. For some other biomarkers, such as growth factors, adipokines, and CRP, the evidence for associations with disease prognosis was too weak to draw conclusions.Overall, despite potential candidates, there is insufficient evidence to confirm or refute that obesity-related biomarkers and sex hormones have a prognostic value for breast cancer survival. More longitudinal studies in breast cancer survivors to examine the clinical utility of obesity-related biomarkers are needed.
Quality of residential facilities in Italy: satisfaction and quality of life of residents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Martinelli Alessandra , Killaspy Helen , Zarbo Cristina , Agosta Sara , Casiraghi Letizia , Zamparini Manuel , Starace Fabrizio , Rocchetti Matteo , de Girolamo Giovanni , Ruggeri Mirella ,   DIAPASON consortium, Barlati Stefano , Boero Maria Elena , Cerveri Giancarlo , Clerici Massimo , D’Anna Giulio , De Novellis Antonio , Di Michele Vittorio , Di Prisco Pasquale , Durbano Federico , Facchini Federico , Ghio Lucio , Giosuè Patricia , Greco Carmelo , Latorre Valeria , Leuci Emanuela , Malagamba Daniela , Maone Antonio , Marina Marina , Maurizi Annalisa , Monzani Emiliano , Placenti Roberto , Rancati Luca , Rippa Arturo , Rovera Chiara , Silva Andrea , Tura Giambattista , Zanolini Stefano 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Recovery and human rights promotion for people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) is fundamental to provide good care in Residential Facilities (RFs). However, there is a concern about rehabilitation ethos in RFs. This study aimed to investigate the care quality of Italian RFs, the quality of life (QoL) and care experience of residents with SSD.

Methods
Fourty-eight RFs were assessed using a quality assessment tool (QuIRC-SA) and 161 residents with SSD were enrolled. Seventeen RFs provided high intensity rehabilitation (SRP1), 15 medium intensity (SRP2), and 16 medium-low level support (SRP3). Staff-rated tools measured psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial functioning; user-rated tools assessed QoL and satisfaction with services. RFs comparisons were made using ANOVA and Chi-squared.

Results
Over two-thirds patients (41.5 y.o., SD 9.7) were male. Seventy-six were recruited from SRP1 services, 48 from SRP2, and 27 from SRP3. The lowest QuIRC-SA scoring was Recovery Based Practice (45.8%), and the highest was promotion of Human Rights (58.4%). SRP2 had the lowest QuIRC-SA ratings and SRP3 the highest. Residents had similar psychopathology (p = 0.140) and functioning (p = 0.537). SRP3 residents were more employed (18.9%) than SRP1 (7.9%) or SRP2 (2.2%) ones, and had less severe negative symptoms (p = 0.016) and better QoL (p = 0.020) than SRP2 residents. There were no differences in the RF therapeutic milieu and their satisfaction with care.

Conclusions
Residents of the lowest supported RFs in Italy had less severe negative symptoms, better QoL and more employment than others. The lowest ratings for Recovery Based Practice across all RFs suggest more work is needed to improve recovery.
Reoperation rate and implants’ position variation features of displaced femoral neck fractures with sliding compression or length-stable fixation in young and middle-aged population
Authors: Zhu Xiao-zhong , Wang Wei , Wu Sheng-hui , Mei Jiong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Sliding compression fixation and length-stable fixation are two basic internal fixation concepts in the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures. In this study, we aimed to compare the reoperation rates for different methodologies of internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in young and middle-aged population.

Materials and methods
This a retrospective study. A total of 215 patients with displaced femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated screw fixation were enrolled and divided into the sliding compression and length-stable groups according to the fixation pattern. The occurrence of and reason for revision surgery within one year were recorded. Forty-five patients with complete CT data (including CT scanning on the first postoperative day and at the last follow up) were selected from the total sample. A newly established computerized image processing method was used to evaluate variations in the spatial location of screws.

Results
The reoperation rate was significantly higher in the length-stable group (23.8%) than in the sliding compression group (7.3%). The rate of revision surgery due to nonunion was also higher in the length-stable group (11.4%) than in the sliding compression group (1.8%). However, no significant difference was observed in terms of joint penetration or soft tissue irritation. The sliding compression group (6.58 ± 3.18 mm) showed higher femoral neck shortening than length-stable group (4.16 ± 3.65 mm). When analyzing the spatial variations, a significantly greater screw withdrawal distance was observed in the sliding compression group than in the length-stable group, but with a smaller rotation angle.

Conclusion
Length-stable internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures may lead to an increased reoperation rate in young and middle-aged population.

Trial registration
Name of the registry: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000032327.
Trial registration date: 2020–4-26.
Assessment of the measurement methods in midshaft clavicle fracture
Authors: Lima Guilherme Vieira , La Banca Vitor , Murachovsky Joel , Nascimento Luis Gustavo Prata , Almeida Luiz Henrique Oliveira , Ikemoto Roberto Yukio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundClavicle fractures account for approximately 5% of all fractures in adults and 75% of clavicle fractures occur in the midshaft. Shortening greater than two centimeters is an indicative of surgical treatment. Radiographic exams are often used to diagnose and evaluate clavicle fractures but computed tomography (CT) scan is currently considered the best method to assess these deformities and shortening.Goal1- To investigate whether different methods of performing the radiographic exam interfere on the measurement of the fractured clavicle length.2- Compare the clavicle length measurements obtained by the different radiographic exam methods with the CT scan measurements, used as a reference.Materials and methodsTwenty-five patients with acute (< 3 weeks) midshaft clavicle fracture were evaluated. Patients underwent six radiographic images: PA Thorax (standing and lying), AP Thorax (standing and lying) and at 10° cephalic tilt (standing and lying), and the computed tomography was used as reference.ResultsThe mean length (cm) obtained were: 14,930 on CT scan, 14,860 on PA Thorax Standing, 14,955 on PA Thorax Lying, 14,896 on AP Thorax Standing, 14,960 AP Thorax Lying, 15,098 on 10° cephalic tilt Standing and 15,001 on 10° cephalic tilt Lying, (p > 0,05).Conclusion1- There is no significant statistical difference in the clavicle fracture length measurement among the variety of radiographic exam performances.2- The method that comes closest to computed tomography results is the PA thorax incidence, with the patient in the lying position.
Two-stage treatment for severe spinal kyphotic deformity secondary to tuberculosis: halo-pelvic traction followed by a posterior-only approach correction
Authors: Qi Longtao , Zhao Yao , Xu Beiyu , Li Chunde , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose
Several surgical procedures are used to treat tuberculous kyphosis. However, the treatment of extreme spinal kyphosis is challenging, and associated with various complications. Halo traction has been used as an adjunctive method in the treatment of severe spinal deformities. However, there are few reports about the effectiveness of halo-pelvic traction (HPT) for the treatment of extreme spinal kyphosis secondary to tuberculosis. This study evaluated the effectiveness of halo-pelvic traction followed by a posterior-only approach correction in the treatment of severe spinal kyphosis secondary to tuberculosis.

Methods
The records of 19 patients with severe spinal kyphosis secondary to tuberculosis were retrospectively reviewed. All 19 patients were treated with a two-stage approach: HPT combined with posterior fusion surgery by a posterior-only approach. Radiographic parameters were measured and evaluated. America Spinal Injury Association grade (ASIA), Scoliosis Research Society outcome (SRS-22) score, and complications were also evaluated.

Results
There were 9 males and 10 females, with an average age of 29.7 years at the time of surgery. The average HPT duration was 10.4 weeks. The mean kyphosis angle decreased from 131.40 ± 10.7° pre-traction to 77.1 ± 7.4° post-traction (P < 0.01). The traction correction rate was 41.3%. The mean postoperative kyphosis angle was 65.7 ± 8.5°, and the surgical correction rate was 8.7%. Of the total correction, 82.6% was the result of HPT. At a mean follow-up of 26.5 months, the average kyphosis correction loss was 2.9°. The mean sagittal balance was 11.1 ± 45.2 mm before traction, − 25.0 ± 37.4 mm after traction, 7.0 ± 13 mm after surgery, and 2.8 ± 9.6 mm at the final follow-up. The mean preoperative SRS-22 score was 3.0 and postoperative was 4.2 (P < 0.01). The neurological status of most patients was improved. The total complication rate was 15.7%, including 1 neurological and 2 non-neurological complications.

Conclusions
HPT is effective in the management of severe spinal kyphotic deformity secondary to tuberculosis. Preoperative HPT can greatly reduce global kyphosis, and the need for corpectomy.
Freestyle perforator flap in earlobe reconstruction
Authors: Sadaka Mohamed Saad , Hantash Sherif Abou Bakr 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In earlobe reconstruction, it is a challenging task to find a simple one-stage technique that is applicable to the variable configurations of defects and that results in a longstanding naturally appearing earlobe.

Methods
In this article, we present a perforator-based flap design for earlobe reconstruction with preoperative perforator detection by pencil doppler to ensure the maximum vascularity of the used flap. Thirty cases of earlobe reconstruction were performed in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Tanta University in the period from July 2015 to July 2019 using the technique described in this article.

Results
None of our cases developed necrosis of the flaps. The mean result for the aesthetic evaluation of our cases was 4.7 and the mean patient satisfaction was 4.8 where the maximum score was 5.

Conclusion
freestyle perforator flap with preoperative doppler perforator detection is a safe and reliable method of earlobe reconstruction.
Outcome of Santulli enterostomy in patients with immaturity of ganglia: single institutional experience from a case series
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , Liu Mingkun , Yan Lei , Wu Lijuan , Bai Jianxi , Wu Dianming , Fang Yifan , Lin Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Immaturity of ganglia (IG) is an extremely rare disease and always requires surgical intervention in the neonatal period, but without guidelines to choose the ideal enterostomy procedure, the timing of stoma closure remains controversial. The aim of this study was to report our experience using Santulli enterostomy for the treatment of nine infants diagnosed with IG.

Methods
Patients who underwent Santulli enterostomy and were diagnosed with IG in our center between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively studied. Temporary stoma occlusion and a 24-h delayed film of barium enema (BE) were performed to evaluate intestinal peristalsis function to determine the timing of stoma closure. The demographic data, clinical and radiological findings, stoma occlusion and stoma closure results were explored.

Results
A total of 9 infants underwent Santulli enterostomy and were diagnosed with IG postoperatively. Their median gestational age at birth was 36 weeks (range 31–42), and their median birth weight was 2765 g (range 1300–3400). All patients had symptom onset in the neonatal period, including abdominal distension and biliary vomiting. Eight patients showed obvious small bowel dilatation in the plain films, except for one patient’s films that suggested gastrointestinal perforation with free gas downstream of the diaphragm. BE was performed in 6 patients, all of which had microcolons. The median age at operation was 3 days (range 1–23). Seven patients had an obvious transitional zone (TZ) during laparotomy, and the position of the TZ was 25–100 cm proximal above the ileocecal (IC) valve. Immature ganglion cells were present in the colon in 7 patients and the terminal ileum in 6 patients. The median age of successful stoma occlusion was 5 M (range 2–17) and 8 M (range 4–22) at ostomy closure. There was little or no barium residue in the 24-h delayed film of BE before stoma closure, and all patients were free of constipation symptoms during the follow-up.

Conclusion
Santulli enterostomy appears to be a suitable and efficient procedure for IG, combined with temporary stoma occlusion and 24-h delayed film of BE to evaluate the recovery of intestinal peristalsis function.
Use of antibiotics and risk of type 2 diabetes, overweight and obesity: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and the national FINRISK study
Authors: Nuotio Joel , Niiranen Teemu , Laitinen Tomi T. , Miller Jessica , Sabin Matthew A. , Havulinna Aki S. , Viikari Jorma S. A. , Rönnemaa Tapani , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Laitinen Tomi P. , Tossavainen Päivi , Salomaa Veikko , Raitakari Olli T. , Burgner David P. , Juonala Markus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether exposure to systemic antibiotics influences the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity.

Methods
The study sample comprised 2209 (110 with incident diabetes) participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) aged 24–39 years in 2001. The exposure was national linked register data on purchased antibiotic courses between 1993 and 2001. Clinical examinations including BMI were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2011. Participants with prevalent diabetes in 2001 were excluded. Data on type 2 diabetes was also obtained from two national registers until 2017. Data from four population-based National FINRISK studies were used for replication (N = 24,674, 1866 with incident diabetes).

Results
Prior antibiotic exposure (> 5 versus 0–1 antibiotic courses) was associated with subsequent type 2 diabetes in both YFS (OR 2.29; 95%CI 1.33–3.96) and FINRISK (HR 1.73; 95%CI 1.51–1.99). An increased risk for type 2 diabetes was observed in YFS (OR 1.043; 95%CI 1.013–1.074) and FINRISK (HR 1.022; 95%CI 1.016–1.029) per course. Exposure to antibiotics increased the risk of overweight/obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) after a 10-year follow-up in YFS (OR 1.043; 95%CI 1.019–1.068) and in FINRISK (OR 1.023; 95%CI 1.018–1.029) at baseline per antibiotic course. Adjustments for confounders from early life in YFS and at baseline in FINRISK, including BMI, socioeconomic status, smoking, insulin, blood pressure, and physical activity, did not appreciably alter the findings.

Conclusion
Our results show that exposure to antibiotics was associated with increased risk for future type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity and support judicious antibiotic prescribing.