bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on rat colonic hypermotility induced by repeated water avoidance stress and the potential mechanism
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Ren Haixia , Yuan Fangting , Shao Ming , Luo Hesheng 
Published: November 2022

Background
Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) has been reported to have the potential to regulate gut motility. The aim of this experiment was to explore the possible function of Sb in gut hypermotility elicited by repeated water avoidance stress (WAS).

Methods
Adult male Wistar rats (N = 24) were divided into one of the following three groups: control (C), NS (normal saline) + WAS group (N), and Sb + WAS group (S). A diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) model in rats was induced using the WAS method. Gut motility was evaluated by stool pellet expulsion per hour. The contractile activity of the colonic muscle strips was measured using an RM6240 multichannel physiological signal instrument. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to assess Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in colon tissue. ELISA was used to measure the level of cytokines in the serum and colonic tissue. Also, the microbiota composition was determined using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing.

Result
The results showed that oral Sb decreased the WAS-induced increased defecation and colonic hypermotility in vivo. Furthermore, Sb also decreased the contractile amplitude of colonic circular muscle (CM) and longitudinal muscle (LM) strips in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Repeated WAS increased TLR4 expression, but Sb reversed it. Sb also reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels in serum and colonic tissue, while increasing IL-10 levels in colonic tissue. Meanwhile, the rats from the NS + WAS group had decreased microbiota diversity and had lower relative abundances of Patescibacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, Cyanobacteria, and Turicibacter compared with controls. The rats in the Sb + WAS group showed a tendency to increase the relative abundance of Blautia when compared to control rats and had lower relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Anaerostipes compared with the NS + WAS group.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that Sb improved colonic hypermotility in rats, reversed the high-expression of TLR4 in the colon caused by repeated WAS, modulated cytokines in the colon and serum, and altered the gut microbiota, indicating that Sb may be useful for IBS-D.
Harnessing Potentials and Optimization of Apicultural Education as Pathway for Alleviating Poverty in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Onabe Maria Bisong , Edet Agbachom, Emmanuel , Ubi Godwin Michael 
Published: November 2022

The role of apicultural education as a catalyst for reducing rural poverty among bee farmers was investigated in Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The survey research design was used in achieving this. To adequately and appropriately execute the project, some objectives were formulated. From these objectives, research questions were generated and hypotheses formulated accordingly to guide data gathering and analysis. The instrument for data gathering was a four point close ended questionnaire from which 150 bee farmers and 50 extension agents were selected to respond to items in the questionnaire using the census approach. Data collected from their responses were subjected to two forms of descriptive analysis. The first was percentage descriptive analysis which was used to x-ray the biodata. Second, mean and standard deviation were used to treat the research questions. The third method used is the independent t-test on the three man hypothesis of the study. The result of the analysis warranted the rejection of the three null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance with 198 degrees of freedom using 1.96 as the critical f value. The results showed that 98 percent of bee farmers who had received apicultural education through extension services produced had more honey yield due to increase awareness on modern bee keeping techniques, adequate processing information and marketing strategies which invariably increased their income. Based on the findings made in this research, it was concluded by that giving the farmers and rural dwellers apicultural education such as training them on how to construct apicultural equipment, producing of honey, producing and processing of bee wax into other products such as polish, candles etc. will enhance their performance in bee farming and thus alleviate their poverty.
Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy‐Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential
Authors: Zhao Runyao , Wang Yiding , Ji Guipeng , Zhong Jiajun , Zhang Fengtao , Chen Meifang , Tong Shengrui , Wang Peng , Wu Zhonghua , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising strategy to lower CO2 emission while producing value‐added chemicals. A great challenge facing CO2RR is how to improve energy efficiency by reducing overpotentials. Herein, partially nitrided Ni nanoclusters (NiNx) immobilized on N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) for CO2RR are reported, which achieves the lowest onset overpotential of 16 mV for CO2‐to‐CO and the highest cathode energy efficiency of 86.9% with CO Faraday efficiency >99.0% to date. Interestingly, NiNx/NCNT affords a CO generation rate of 43.0 mol g−1 h−1 at a low potential of −0.572 V (vs RHE). DFT calculations reveal that the NiNx nanoclusters favor *COOH formation with lower Gibbs free energy than isolated Ni single‐atom, hence lowering CO2RR overpotential. As NiNx/NCNT is applied to a membrane electrode assembly system coupled with oxygen evolution reaction, a cell voltage of only 2.13 V is required to reach 100 mA cm−2, with total energy efficiency of 62.2%.
A Molecular Engineering Strategy for Achieving Blue Phosphorescent Carbon Dots with Outstanding Efficiency above 50%
Authors: Song Zhijiang , Shang Yuan , Lou Qing , Zhu Jinyang , Hu Junhua , Xu Wen , Li Changchang , Chen Xu , Liu Kaikai , Shan Chong‐Xin , Bai Xue 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHighly efficient emission has been a long‐lasting pursuit for carbon dots (CDs) owing to their enormous potential in optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, their room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) performance still largely lags behind their outstanding fluorescence emission, especially in the blue spectral region. Herein, high‐efficiency blue RTP CDs have been designed and constructed via a simple molecular engineering strategy, enabling CDs with an unprecedented phosphorescence quantum efficiency of to 50.17% and a long lifetime of 2.03 s. This treating route facilitates the formation of high‐density (n, π*) configurations in the CD π–π conjugate system through the introduction of abundant functional groups, which can evoke a strong spin‐orbit coupling and further promote the intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet excited states and radiative recombination from triplet excited states to ground state. With blue phosphorescent CDs as triplet donors, green, red, and white afterglow composites are successfully fabricated via effective phosphorescence Förster resonance energy transfer. Importantly, the color temperature of the white afterglow emission can be widely and facilely tuned from cool white to pure white and warm white. Moreover, advanced information encryption, light illumination, and afterglow/dynamic visual display have been demonstrated when using these multicolor‐emitting CD‐based afterglow systems.
Modulating the Site Density of Mo Single Atoms to Catch Adventitious O Atoms for Efficient H2O2 Oxidation with Light
Authors: Zhang Congmin , Bai Lichen , Chen Min , Sun Xuejiao , Zhu Mengzhao , Wu Qinglong , Gao Xiaoping , Zhang Qun , Zheng Xusheng , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , Wu Yuen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCoordination environment and site density have great impacts on the catalytic performance for single atoms (SAs). Herein, the site density of Mo‐SAs on red polymeric carbon nitrides (RPCN) is modulated via a local carbonization strategy to controllably catch adventitious O atoms from open environment. The addition of melamine derivants with hydrocarbyl chains induces local carbonization during RPCN pyrolysis. These local carbonization regions bring abundant graphitic N3C to anchor Mo‐SAs, and most of Mo‐SAs catch the O atoms in air, forming the O2‐covered Mo‐N3 coordination. The dopants of carbon source with different structures and amounts can modulate the site density of Mo‐SAs, therefore controlling the amounts of coordinated O atoms. Furthermore, coordinated O atoms around Mo‐SAs construct the catalytic environment with Lewis base and gather photo‐generated electrons under light. Such O‐covered Mo‐SAs endow RPCN materials (Mo‐RPCN) with a strong ability for hydrogen abstraction, leading to the 99.51% ratio (28.8 mmol min−1 g−1) rate for thioanisole conversion with H2O2 assisted advance oxidation technology. This work brings a new sight on the coordinated atoms dominant oxidation process.
A Twin S‐Scheme Artificial Photosynthetic System with Self‐Assembled Heterojunctions Yields Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Rate
Authors: Ruan Xiaowen , Huang Chengxiang , Cheng Hui , Zhang Zhiquan , Cui Yi , Li Zhiyun , Xie Tengfeng , Ba Kaikai , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Lei , Zhao Xiao , Leng Jing , Jin Shengye , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao , Ravi Sai Kishore , Jiang Zhifeng , Cui Xiaoqiang , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDesigning heterojunction photocatalysts imitating natural photosynthetic systems has been a promising approach for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. However, in the traditional Z‐Scheme artificial photosynthetic systems, the poor charge separation, and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers remain a huge bottleneck. To rationally design S‐Scheme (i.e., Step scheme) heterojunctions by avoiding the futile charge transport routes is therefore seen as an attractive approach to achieving high hydrogen evolution rates. Herein, a twin S‐scheme heterojunction is proposed involving graphitic C3N4 nanosheets self‐assembled with hydrogen‐doped rutile TiO2 nanorods and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. This catalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 62.37 mmol g−1 h−1 and high apparent quantum efficiency of 45.9% at 365 nm. The significant enhancement of photocatalytic performance is attributed to the efficient charge separation and transfer induced by the unique twin S‐scheme structure. The charge transfer route in the twin S‐scheme is confirmed by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin‐trapping tests. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectroscopy, transient‐state surface photovoltage (TPV), and other ex situ characterizations further corroborate the efficient charge transport across the catalyst interface. This work offers a new perspective on constructing artificial photosynthetic systems with S‐scheme heterojunctions to enhance photocatalytic performance.
From Innovation to Intrapreneurship: Fostering academic success via the GridlockED project and innovation fund
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Wallner Clare , Sneath Paula , Singh Chad , Wakeling Sonja , Huang Simon , Mercuri Mat , Pardhan Alim 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunding for educational innovations is increasingly scarce in academic medicine. While there is some funding for medical education research, this is often for discovery or application work, and there are few avenues for those with a heavy innovation focus to fund early work.Objective of the InnovationThe objective was to develop an intrapreneurial unit focused on medical education projects and scholarship.Development Process and ImplementationThe GridlockED and TriagED games are educational or serious games that seek to teach health care learners about emergency medicine processes. Both games were cocreated with learners and brought to market in the past 3 years. All of the proceeds from the sales of these games have been accrued over time to create a new innovation fund. This fund seeks to support trainees and early career educators in their medical education projects.OutcomesSales for GridlockED began in March 2018 and the TriagED began in November 2019. In the first year, sales for GridlockED yielded a total of $9,534. After 18 months of sales, the fund has accrued a total of $14,530. The fund has helped finance the development of new games. Additionally, the fund awarded two internal $500 Kickstarter grants to assist with evaluating and improving two local education projects. The GridlockED and TriagED games have also spurred multiple academic opportunities for junior educators interested in this domain: five workshops, eight conference abstracts, two peer‐reviewed papers, and two research protocols are being developed.ConclusionsThe GridlockED and TriagED games represent a new academically oriented, intrapreneurial approach to medical education work.
The next generation of researchers:One‐yearoutcome data from theSAEM Advanced Research Methodology Evaluation and Design in Medical Education(ARMED MedEd) program
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Chan Teresa M. , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Krzyzaniak Sara , Dubosh Nicole M. , Santen Sally , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Yarris Lalena , Coates Wendy C. ,   the Emergency Medicine Health Professions Education Research Consortium (EMPERC)
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs the field of medical education evolves, there is a need to increase the quality of education scholarship and develop a cadre of research scholars; however, clinician educators (CEs) considering this career transition have limited formal training in education research methodology to heed this call. Therefore, a program that provides more advanced training in education scholarship for CEs without the financial and resource barriers of fellowships and masters programs is needed.MethodsThe SAEM Advanced Research Methodology Evaluation and Design in Medical Education (ARMED MedEd) program is a longitudinal program for the beyond‐beginner CE, seeking advanced training in education research. The program was created using a comprehensive needs assessment and included longitudinal training; small‐group projects; dedicated project mentors; and integrated diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. Program participants applied for a grant upon program completion.ResultsTwenty‐one participants completed the course with 100% completing the baseline survey and 67% (14/21) completing the end‐of‐program survey. Participants reported improved perception of knowledge across all of the topics with a medium to large effect size, ranging from 0.40 to 0.62. When asked about impact on their network of potential collaborators, participants reported a median of 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–8) out of 9. When asked about the impact on their community of practice, participants reported a median of 7 (IQR 5–7) out of 9. When asked about the impact on their professional identity, participants reported a median of 7 (IQR 4–9) out of 9. Participants also reported an increase in both the quantity (mean of 2 ± 1 new mentors) and the quality (median score 7 [IQR 5–8] out of 9) of new research mentorship as a result of the program. Open‐ended feedback was generally positive, with 100% reporting they would advise others to take this program.ConclusionsThe SAEM ARMED MedEd program represents a proof of concept for an advanced education research program seeking to fill the research training gap for the beyond‐beginner Clinician educators.
Diallel analysis of kernel weight and grain‐filling traits in maize grown under contrasting nitrogen supply
Authors: Hisse Ignacio R. , D'Andrea Karina E. , Otegui María E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the inheritance of maize (Zea maysL.) kernel weight (KW) under contrasting nitrogen (N) supply is crucial for obtaining high KW across diverse N conditions. This work evaluated broad‐sense heritability (H2), general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) under contrasting N levels for (i) KW and kernel number per plant and (ii) grain‐filling traits represented by the duration oflagand effective filling phases, kernel growth and desiccation rates, maximum water content and volume, and moisture content at physiological maturity. A six‐parent full diallel cross generated via Griffing's method 3 was tested under high (N200) and low (N0) N supply in 2 years (Y). For the various traits: (i) F1hybrid, and F1by Y and/or N interactions were significant (p <0.05); (ii) GCA was significant at both N levels and affected (p <0.05) by the Y effect; (iii) SCA was important (p <0.05) only at N200; and (iv) GCA sum of squares was higher than those of SCA (except for KW). For KW and grain‐filling traits,H2and GCA/SCA ratios were higher at N0 than at N200, suggesting low‐N environments would be more advantageous for developing genetic selection.Lag‐phase duration (LPD), kernel desiccation rate (KDR), and kernel maximum water content (KWCMAX) had higherH2(≥0.70) and GCA/SCA ratio than KW, particularly under N0. Thus, the highest KW hybrid (LP2×LP662) was composed of inbreds with high GCA for LPD, KDR and KWCMAX, revealing superior KW hybrids could be selected from the GCA of mentioned traits.
Oscillator Laser Model
Authors: Protsenko Igor E. , Uskov Alexander V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA laser model is formulated in terms of quantum harmonic oscillators. Emitters in the low lasing states are usual harmonic oscillators, and emitters in the upper states are inverted harmonic oscillators. Diffusion coefficients, consistent with the model and necessary for solving quantum nonlinear laser equations analytically, are found. Photon number fluctuations of the lasing mode and fluctuations of the population of the lasing states are calculated. Collective Rabi splitting peaks are predicted in the intensity fluctuation spectra of the superradiant lasers. Population fluctuation mechanisms in superradiant lasers and lasers without superradiance are discussed and compared with each other.
Plasma surface modification of graphene oxide nanosheets for the synthesis of GO/PES nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane for enhanced oily separation
Authors: Turgut Furkan , Chong Chun Yew , Karaman Mustafa , Lau Woei Jye , Gürsoy Mehmet , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, two different monomers, namely hexafluorobutyl acrylate (HFBA) and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) were individually used to modify graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets via environmentally friendly plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The results from instrumental analyses confirmed the successful deposition of respective functional material onto the nanomaterials. Modified GOs were used as the nano‐fillers to develop composite polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with improved surface properties for oily solution treatment. All the developed membranes were characterized with a series of analytical instruments to support the findings of membrane filtration performance. The results indicated that the membrane incorporated with DEAEMA‐GOs (coated with hydrophilic polymer) could achieve better results in terms of oil rejection, antifouling resistance and water recovery rate than the membrane incorporated with HFBA‐GOs (coated with hydrophobic polymer). This is due to the reduced agglomeration between modified GOs as well as better interaction of hydrophilic‐coated GOs with polymer membrane. Compared to the pure water flux of the membrane incorporated with unmodified GO, the membrane incorporated with DEAEMA‐GO achieve approximately 85% higher value with oil removal rate remained almost unchanged (98.94% rejection).
Correlation between structural evolution and rheological properties for polycarbonate in the molten state
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Zheng Mingfu , Zhang Lu , Xu Yunsheng , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this work, multiple rheological and molecular structure characterization methods are utilized to investigate the melt post‐polycondensation (MPP) process of polycarbonate (PC) at high temperatures (260–300°C) under a nitrogen atmosphere. We find some unexpected phenomena that the complex viscosity of PC melt rise rapidly and it reaches an extraordinarily high value of about 106 Pa·s during the MPP process of 10 h at 300°C. Dissoluble PC and insoluble gel residue are separated and both fractions are analyzed by gel permeation chromatography,1H‐NMR, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results show that the molecular weight of dissoluble PC significantly increases at the early stage of the reaction (less than 1 h). After that, it continues to reduce due to the occurrence of branching reactions and degradation reactions caused by high temperature reactions for a long time. Chemical structure analysis indicates that the same two branched structures are discovered in both dissoluble PC and insoluble gel residue, the changes in structures indicate that no new structures are formed during the crosslinking reaction. According to this study's results, we clearly understand the correlation between the rheological properties and structural changes for PC in the MPP progress.
Thermo‐oxidative aging of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber gaskets with real geometry used in plate heat exchangers
Authors: de Souza Elias Luiz , de Sousa Zanzi Mateus , de Paiva Kleber Vieira , Oliveira Jorge Luiz Goes , de Oliveira Barra Guilherme Mariz , Dutra Gabriel Benedet 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of aging on the physical and mechanical properties of commercially available acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) gaskets while maintaining their original geometry. Thermo‐oxidative cycles with 10 and 70 mm in length specimens were conducted from 80 to 170°C up to 180 days. The samples were analyzed employing compression set (CS), hardness, indentation modulus, cross‐link density, total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and thermogravimetry. The results showed that longer specimens presented better resistance to thermo‐oxidative aging. Indentation results indicated regular oxygen permeability into the entire samples up to 110°C, while at higher temperatures, limited diffusion oxidation (DLO) effects promoted non‐uniform aging. Time–temperature superposition (TTS) and Arrhenius methods were applied to predict the specimens' lifetime using CS as a failure criterion. Activation energies for 10 and 70 mm samples were 68.74 and 43.63 kJ mol−1, respectively. Thus, the 70 mm specimen's lifetime was greater than 10 mm. For temperatures below ≈38°C, the response to the thermo‐oxidative aging is independent of specimen length. Therefore, in determining the lifetime of gaskets with complex geometry, longer specimens are recommended to provide more reliable results than those suggested by the standards.