bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on fire‐gilding
Authors: Margreiter Raphael , Baumann Jonas , Mantouvalou Ioanna , Radtke Martin , Reinholz Uwe , Strub Erik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFire‐gilding is a historic technique for the application of golden layers on a number of different base materials utilizing a gold amalgam. This technique leaves a significant amount of Hg in the golden layer, giving archeometrists a reliable indicator to identify fire‐gildings. Recent findings on presumably fire‐gilded objects have shown in several cases significantly lower Hg content than previously studied objects. This prompted a synchrotron‐based X‐ray fluorescence investigation into the Hg distribution along the material–gilding interface, as well as a series of measurements regarding the Hg content development in fire‐gilded samples during artificial aging. This work presents findings on laboratory‐prepared fire‐gildings, indicating an Hg enrichment at the interface of fire‐gilded silver samples. Notably, such an enrichment is missing in fire‐gilded copper samples. Further, it is confirmed that fire‐gilded layers typically do not undercut an Hg bulk content of 5%. In this light, it seems improbable that ancient samples that contain <5% Hg are fire‐gilded. The results presented in this study might lead to a non‐destructive method to identify the Hg enrichment at the interface. This might be obtained by a combination of different non‐destructive measurements and might also work unambiguously in samples in which the gold top layer is altered.
Experimental research on the integrated treatment of de‐acidification and reinforcement of paper cultural relics by electrosorption
Authors: Fan Yunjie , Huang Qiao , Yang Chengda , Qin Ying 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe de‐acidification method has always been a hotspot in the research of paper‐based cultural relics conservation science. The existing de‐acidification methods are either not thorough enough or not easy to operate, requiring innovation and breakthrough. Moreover, the strength of the paper cannot be significantly improved by the simple de‐acidification treatment. To achieve the reinforcement of paper, another intervention process is often required, and each intervention may cause damage to the fragile paper cultural relics. This study introduces electrosorption deionization technology to the conservation treatment of paper cultural relics. Based on the electrosorption technology, an integrated treatment of paper de‐acidification and reinforcement was applied to sample papers using a composite electrolyte of de‐acidification and reinforcement materials and a self‐made electrosorption device. The experimental results show that both the de‐acidification and reinforcement effects on the paper samples obtained a significant promotion.
Late antique glass from Salapia: Tracking production and trading networks
Authors: Gliozzo Elisabetta , Giannetti Francesca , Goffredo Roberto , Totten Darian Marie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe investigation of 38 late antique vessels from the archaeological excavation of Salapia has been performed using EMPA and LA‐ICP‐MS. The collection was made using impure sands and mineral soda. Among coloured glass, most vessels were made of ‘fresh’ glass. The use of colouring agents is rare, and most decoloured glass is obtained by Mn addition. Sb‐decolouration is limited to one cup, and two colourless vessels show both manganese and antimony. As for provenance, the prevalence of Egyptian‐HIMT glass over the Levantine is evident. Among Levantine glass, Jalame glass is represented, whereas Apollonia glass is absent. Among Egyptian (and deemed Egyptian) glass, the prevalence of HIMT glass over the other types has been observed. The high attestation of fresh glass, most notable in the earlier centuries, suggests the importation of glass in the form of finished objects, especially luxury vessels.
HIV‐1 Nef hijacks both exocytic and endocytic pathways of host intracellular trafficking through differential regulation of Rab GTPases
Authors: Kumari Sushila , Dash Prasanta K. , Kumari Tripti , Guo Ming‐Lei , Ghosh Jimut Kanti , Buch Shilpa J. , Tripathi Raj Kamal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHIV‐1 Nef regulates several cellular functions in an infected cell which results in viral persistence and AIDS pathogenesis. The currently understood molecular mechanism(s) underlying Nef‐dependent cellular function(s) are unable to explain how events are coordinately regulated in the host cell. Intracellular membranous trafficking maintains cellular homeostasis and is regulated by Rab GTPases ‐ a member of the Ras superfamily.ResultsIn the current study, we tried to decipher the role of Nef on the Rab GTPases‐dependent complex and vesicular trafficking. Expression profiling of Rabs in Nef‐expressing cells showed that Nef differentially regulates the expression of individual Rabs in a cell‐specific manner. Further analysis of Rabs in HIV‐1NL4‐3 or ΔNef infected cells demonstrated that the Nef protein is responsible for variation in Rabs expression. Using a panel of competitive peptide inhibitors against Nef, we identified the critical domain of HIV‐1 Nef involved in modulation of Rabs expression. The molecular function of Nef‐mediated upregulation of Rab5 and Rab7 and downregulation of Rab11 increased the transport of SERINC5 from the cell surface to the lysosomal compartment. Moreover, the Nef‐dependent increase in Rab27 expression assists exosome release. Reversal of Rabs expression using competitive inhibitors against Nef and manipulation of Rabs expression reduced viral release and infectivity of progeny virions.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that Nef differentially regulates the expression of Rab proteins in HIV‐1 infected cells to hijack the host intracellular trafficking, which augments viral replication and HIV‐1 pathogenesis.SignificanceOur study emphasized the indispensable role of HIV‐1 protein Nef on various aspects of the intracellular trafficking regulated by Rabs GTPases, which explained how HIV‐1 Nef may hijack membrane trafficking pathways in infected cells.
Resveratrol attenuates behavioural impairment associated with learning and memory in rats with diabetes induced by a high‐fat diet and streptozotocin
Authors: Singh Amrita , Bodakhe Surendra H. 
Published: June 2022

Background and PurposeA high‐fat diet (HFD) is a common risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated cognitive impairments. In models of diabetes, resveratrol, a modulator of SIRT1, regulates the fasting glucose and antioxidant levels, as well as the lipid profile. Resveratrol may also alleviate the cognitive dysfunctions associated with diabetes.Experimental ApproachAlbino rats were fed a HFD, (60% kcal fat) after treatment with streptozotocin (45 mg·kg−1,i.p., single dose) to induce an experimental model of T2DM. After 14 weeks of the animals in confirmed diabetic condition, they were treated with metformin (200 mg·kg−1,i.p.) or resveratrol (50 or 100 mg·kg−1,i.p.) for 4 weeks. Levels of oxidative‐nitroso‐stress, SIRT1, TGF‐β1, inflammation and cholinergic activity were determined in plasma, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. A battery of behavioural studies associated with learning memory were performed during and after the experimental protocol.Key ResultsTreatment with resveratrol attenuated the increased glucose levels (pre‐ and post‐prandial), impaired glucose tolerance, HbA1c, and decreased the body weights of the T2DM rats. Moreover, resveratrol ameliorated the impaired learning and memory associated with increased SIRT1 and decreased TGF‐β1, TNF‐α, oxidative‐nitroso‐stress, and cholinergic activities in the plasma and the brains of the T2DM animals.Conclusion and ImplicationOur results demonstrated that SIRT1 modulation interacted with TGF‐β1 signalling, and mitigated hyperglycaemia and subsequent learning‐memory impairments in the T2DM animals. Our study also suggested novel therapeutic targets, including TGF‐β1, which may add to our knowledge of resveratrol, when used to treat impaired memory associated with diabetes.
Sociographie des ritualités funéraires en temps de pandémie: des rites empêchés aux rites appropriés
Authors: Cherblanc Jacques , Zech Emmanuelle , Gauthier Geneviève , Verdon Chantal , Simard Chantale , Bergeron‐Leclerc Christiane , Grenier Josée , Maltais Danielle , Cadell Susan , Sani Livia , Bacqué Marie‐Frédérique 
Published: June 2022

RÉSUMÉLa Covid‐19 a entraîné dans plusieurs pays des mesures sociosanitaires inédites, notamment des restrictions majeures aux rituels funéraires. Ces empêchements ont concerné tant les rites pré‐mortem, péri‐mortem que post‐mortem. À partir d'une étude longitudinale débutée en mars 2021 auprès de 955 personnes francophones canadiennes endeuillées d'un proche pendant la pandémie, cet article propose de décrire la réalité vécue de ces empêchements. Par une analyse des données quantitatives et qualitatives recueillies, il est possible d'identifier l’écart entre les rituels funéraires souhaités et réalisés pendant la première année de la pandémie de Covid‐19. Les résultats montrent d'importantes privations des différents rites souhaités, mais également une certaine créativité rituelle et symbolique de la part des personnes endeuillées.
Quinoline‐derivatives as privileged scaffolds for medicinal and pharmaceutical chemists: A comprehensive review
Authors: Yadav Vivek , Reang Jurnal , Sharma Vinita , Majeed Jaseela , Sharma Prabodh Chander , Sharma Kalicharan , Giri Namita , Kumar Arun , Tonk Rajiv Kumar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe quinoline scaffolds are privileged for their numerous biological activities in the pharmaceutical field. This moiety constitutes a well‐known space in several marketed preparations. The quinoline scaffolds gained attention in modern days being an important chemical moiety in the identification, designing, and synthesis of novel potent derivatives. The current review is developed to shine the light on critical and significant insights on the quinoline derivatives possessing diverse biological activities such as analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, antialzheimer, anti‐convulsant, anti‐oxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐cancer activities and so on. A detailed summary of quinoline ring from its origin to the recent advancements regarding its synthesis, green chemistry approaches, patented methods, and its marketed drugs is presented in the review. We attempted to review the literature compiling the critical information that has potential to encourage fellow researchers and scientists for the design and development of quinoline scaffold based active molecules that have improved therapeutic performance along with profound pharmacological properties.
Error Analysis of Photometric Stereo with Near Quasi‐Point Lights
Authors: Chen Q. , Ren Y. , Zhao Z. , Tao W. , Zhao H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe shape recovery quality of photometric stereo is sensitive to complicated error factors under close range lighting of quasi‐point lights. However, the error performance of photometric stereo under this practical scenario is still obscure. This paper presents a comprehensive error analysis of photometric stereo with near quasi‐point lights (NQPL‐PS). Five main error factors are identified under this scenario and their corresponding analytical formulations are introduced. Statistic computation and experiments are used to validate the theoretical formulations and inspect the relationships between normal inaccuracies and each type of discrepancies. In addition, the impacts of multiple system parameters of an NQPL‐PS configuration on the normal estimation error are also studied. In order to evaluate the relative importance of various error factors, a probability‐based evaluation criterion is proposed, which focuses on the error performance over the state space and the error space, rather than the simple comparison of the values of normal inaccuracy. The assessment results show that the non‐uniformity of illuminants, and the calibration error in the position of light sources hold the dominant places among those five error factors. This paper provides insights for the accuracy improvement and system design of NQPL‐PS.
Shugan granule contributes to the improvement of depression‐like behaviors in chronic restraint stress‐stimulated rats by altering gut microbiota
Authors: Li Junnan , Li Yannan , Duan Wenzhe , Zhao Zhonghui , Yang Lixuan , Wei Wei , Li Jingchun , Li Yang , Yu Yao , Dai Baoan , Guo Rongjuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe investigation aims to evaluate the potential effect of Shugan Granule (SGKL) on the gut, brain, and behaviors in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS).MethodsThe fecal microbiota and metabolite changes were studied in rats exposed to CRS and treated with SGKL (0.1 mg/kg/day). Depressive behaviors of these rats were determined through an open‐field experiment, forced swimming test, sucrose preference, and weighing. Moreover, LPS‐stimulated microglia and CRS‐stimulated rats were treated with SGKL to investigate the regulation between SGKL and the PI3K/Akt/pathway, which is inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor.Results(i) SGKL improved the altered behaviors in CRS‐stimulated rats; (ii) SGKL ameliorated the CRS‐induced neuronal degeneration and tangled nerve fiber and also contributed to the recovery of intestinal barrier injury in these rats; (iii) SGKL inhibited the hippocampus elevations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in response to CRS modeling; (iv) based on the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), SGKL altered α‐diversity indices and shifted β‐diversity in CRS‐stimulated rats; (v) at the genus level, SGKL decreased the CRS‐enhanced abundance of Bacteroides; (vi) Butyricimonas and Candidatus Arthromitus were enriched in SGKL‐treated rats; (vii) altered gut microbiota and metabolites were correlated with behaviors, inflammation, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; (viii) SGKL increased the LPS‐decreased phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in microglia and inhibited the LPS‐induced microglial activation; (ix) PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inactivation reversed the SGKL effects in CRS rats.ConclusionSGKL targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by altering gut microbiota and metabolites, which ameliorates altered behavior and inflammation in the hippocampus.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open selective lateral pelvic lymph node dissection for locally advanced middle‐low rectal cancer: Results of a multicentre lateral node study in China
Authors: Tang Jianqiang , Zhou Sicheng , Zhao Wei , Lou Zheng , Liang Jianwei , Feng Bo , Yang Yingchi , Wang Xin , Liu Qian ,   the Chinese Lateral Node Collaborative Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimLateral pelvic lymph node dissection (LPND) is a technically challenging procedure, and the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic LPND remains undetermined. Here, we compared the short‐ and long‐term survival outcomes of laparoscopic LPND with those of open LPND.MethodsFrom January 2012 to December 2019, locally advanced middle‐low rectal cancer patients with clinical evidence of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis (LPNM) who underwent total mesorectal excision with LPND at three institutions were included. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias. The short‐term and oncological outcomes of open and laparoscopic LPND were compared.ResultsOverall, 384 patients were enrolled into the study including 277 and 107 patients who underwent laparoscopic and open LPND, respectively. After matching, patients were stratified into laparoscopic (n = 100) and open (n = 100) LPND groups. Patients in the laparoscopic LPND group had a shorter operation time (255 vs. 300 min, p = 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (50 vs. 300 ml, p < 0.001), lower incidence of postoperative complications (32.0% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.005), shorter postoperative hospital stay (8 vs. 14 days, p < 0.001), and excision of more lateral pelvic lymph nodes (9 vs. 7, p = 0.025) than those in the open LPND group. The 3‐year overall survival (p = 0.581) and 3‐year disease‐free survival (p = 0.745) rates were similar between the groups, and LPNM was an independent predictor of survival.ConclusionLaparoscopic LPND is technically safe and feasible with favourable short‐term results and similar oncological outcomes as open surgery in selected patients.
Mesh, flap or combined repair of perineal hernia after abdominoperineal resection – A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sharabiany Sarah , Brouwer Thomas P. A. , Kreisel Saskia I. , Musters Gijsbert D. , Blok Robin D. , Hompes Roel , Tanis Pieter J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to analyse recurrence rates after different surgical techniques for perineal hernia repair.MethodAll original studies (n ≥ 2 patients) reporting recurrence rates after perineal hernia repair after abdominoperineal resection (APR) were included. The electronic database PubMed was last searched in December 2021. The primary outcome was recurrent perineal hernia. A weighted average of the logit proportions was determined by the use of the generic inverse variance method and random effects model.ResultsA total of 19 studies involving 172 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 64 ± 5.6 years and the indication for APR was predominantly cancer (99%, 170/172). The pooled percentage of recurrent perineal hernia was 39% (95% CI: 27%–52%) after biological mesh closure, 29% (95% CI: 21%–39%) after synthetic mesh closure, 37% (95% CI: 14%–67%) after tissue flap reconstruction only and 9% (95% CI: 1%–45%) after tissue flap reconstruction combined with mesh.ConclusionRecurrence rates after mesh repair of perineal hernia are high, without a clear difference between biological and synthetic meshes. The addition of a tissue flap to mesh repair seemed to have a favourable outcome, which warrants further investigation.
Do different actors submit different evidence to alcohol advertising policy consultations?
Authors: Stafford Julia , Pettigrew Simone , Chikritzhs Tanya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined the extent to which industry and non‐industry actors draw from the same (vs. different) bodies of peer‐reviewed evidence in submissions to alcohol advertising policy consultations.MethodsSubmissions (n = 71) to two Australian public consultations about alcohol advertising policy were classified as submitted by industry or non‐industry actors. Details of cited journal articles were extracted. Articles were coded according to whether: (i) cited in industry and/or non‐industry actor submission/s; (ii) findings were supported or contested by the submitter; and (iii) the article was a systematic review. The most frequently cited first authors were identified.ResultsIn total, 126 articles were cited in 45 industry actor submissions and 159 articles were cited in 26 non‐industry actor submissions. Only seven articles were cited by both groups. Authors cited most frequently by one actor group were rarely cited by the other group. The first author most cited by industry actors declared alcohol industry links in two articles. Industry actors cited three systematic reviews (and contested the findings); non‐industry actors cited (and supported) seven systematic reviews.Discussion and ConclusionThere was a low degree of overlap in peer‐reviewed evidence cited by industry and non‐industry actors in submissions to Australian alcohol advertising policy consultations. Industry actors often omitted or contested high‐quality evidence. Industry actors placed greater emphasis on evidence published by one industry‐linked researcher than on evidence from systematic reviews and researchers with no apparent conflicts of interest. The findings raise questions about the suitability of industry actors to participate in evidence‐informed policymaking processes.
Inflation and globalisation: The Tawney Lecture 2022
Authors: James Harold 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper examines the causal relationships and interdependence between inflation and globalisation over centuries: in the sixteenth century, in the age of Spanish silver; then in the first age of modern globalisation from in the middle of the nineteenth century; and finally in the new globalisation that took off in the 1970s. In the latter cases, inflation was a response to a negative supply shock, and eventually generated policy decisions on economic opening. Both recent globalisations may be explained as technologically driven, and some of the most important productivity gains involved the cost of transport, but the fundamental innovations substantially pre‐dated the moment at which they were economically transformative. Scarcity dramatically changes relative prices, but not the overall price level. Initially inflation became a policy solution, an attractive way of meeting the challenges of scarcity, but then its increasing costs became apparent, and more, rather than less, global integration looked like a way of reducing costs and minimising social pressure. Policy choices were involved in generating the globalised world: not only the removal of impediments to commerce, but also a consensus around a stable and internationally applicable monetary framework, whether the gold standard in the late nineteenth century or a modern inflation targeting regime in the late twentieth century.
Aggressive behaviour in antipsychotic‐naive first‐episode schizophrenia patients, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls
Authors: Fekih‐Romdhane Feten , Maktouf Hela , Cheour Majda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimWhile patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be victims rather than perpetrators of aggressive behaviour, prior research has shown increased rates of aggressive behaviours in these patients that appear very early in the course of illness. We aimed to assess aggression in antipsychotic‐naive first‐episode schizophrenia patients, their healthy siblings, and controls; and to investigate correlates of aggression in the patients group.MethodsPatients (N = 55), siblings (N = 55) and healthy controls (N = 71) were evaluated on Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Life History of Aggression (LHA), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and Levenson Self‐Report Psychopathy Scale. Age, gender and substance use were regarded as covariates, and differences between the three groups were evaluated using analysis of covariance. Hierarchical regression was performed to determine which variables were associated with aggression level in the patients group.ResultsThe Tukey multiple comparison test showed that both patients (p < .001) and siblings (p = .023) scored higher on the LHA Aggression than controls. Siblings scored higher than controls (p = .010) for the Anger subscale of the AQ. Patients scored significantly higher than controls in the three impulsiveness dimensions; whereas siblings scored higher than controls in the motor (p = .023) and non‐planning (p = .004) dimensions. Multivariate analyses showed that, after controlling for confounders, only attentional impulsiveness (β = .446, p = .0244) and psychopathy traits (β = .359, p = .010) helped predict AQ total scores among patients.ConclusionAggression and some of its risk factors including impulsiveness are likely to be trait variables that might provide important vulnerability markers for people at heightened risk of developing psychosis.