bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Study on Prevalence of P16-Positive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity, Oropharynx and Larynx in Rizal Medical Center and its Histomorphologic Correlation
Authors: Gamboa Jorel Renly , Lim Jr. Thomas Jeff 
Published: June 2022

Background. A considerably large portion of the cases of cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involving the head and the neck may be due to consumption of tobacco and alcohol. However, its increase in occurrence at specific sites of the head and neck may indicate the possibility of other etiological factors. One of which is infection by certain high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). P16 immunochemistry serves as a very good surrogate marker of active HPV in these tumors. The detection of HPV-related head and neck cancers have relevance in clinical practice because of its prognostic implications.
Objectives. The general objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of p16-positive squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx in Rizal Medical Center from January 2019 to December 2019. The specific objective is to compare the Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain histomorphology (keratinization and mitotic activity) of p16-positive versus p16-negative specimens.
Methodology. This is a cross-sectional study which included all routine histopathology specimens coming from the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx in Rizal Medical Center for the year 2019 with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The tissue specimens considered were those that measured at least 1 cm in diameter, or aggregate diameter if tissue is fragmented. The slides of all eligible cases were reviewed and immunohistochemically stained for p16. The p16 IHC slides were read as either positive or negative, while the mitotic activity and keratinization were observed in the H&E-stained slides. The interpretation of the diplomate pathologists for each of the slides were documented and corresponding statistical analyses were performed.
Results. P16 IHC showed twenty-one (88%) p16 negative cases and three (12%) p16 positive cases. In terms of mitosis, ten cases have mitosis falling within the 1-10 per high power field (HPF) range (42%), six within 11-20 per HPF (25%), and 8 cases have ≥21 mitosis per HPF (33%). In terms of keratinization, three cases are non-keratinizing (12%) and twenty-one cases are keratinizing (88%). There is significant difference in the keratinization histology (p<0.05) of the p16-positive versus the P16-negative cases. On the other hand, no significant difference in the mitotic activity (p>0.05) was noted.
Conclusion. There is a low prevalence of HPV-related SCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx in Rizal Medical Center. The histomorphologic findings confirm that keratinization, significantly predicts HPV status in oropharyngeal SCC. Mitotic activity may not be reliable in predicting the HPV status or p16 IHC reactivity of a case. Keratinization in oropharyngeal SCCs may provide valuable information in certain instances, particularly when HPV testing is not immediately available, although the combined tumor morphology and p16 IHC is more ideal.
Enhanced correlation-based linking of biosynthetic gene clusters to their metabolic products through chemical class matching
Authors: Louwen Joris J. R. , Medema Marnix H. , Hooft Justin J. J. van der 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundIt is well-known that the microbiome produces a myriad of specialized metabolites with diverse functions. To better characterize their structures and identify their producers in complex samples, integrative genome and metabolome mining is becoming increasingly popular. Metabologenomic co-occurrence-based correlation methods facilitate the linking of metabolite mass fragmentation spectra (MS/MS) to their cognate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) based on shared absence/presence patterns of metabolites and BGCs in paired omics datasets of multiple strains. Recently, these methods have been made more readily accessible through the online NPLinker framework. However, co-occurrence-based approaches usually result in too many candidate links to manually validate.ResultsTo automatically reduce the long lists of potential BGC-metabolite links, we match natural product (NP) ontologies previously independently developed for genomics and metabolomics and developed NPClassScore: an empirical class matching score that we also implemented in the NPLinker framework. By applying NPClassScore on three paired omics datasets totalling 189 bacterial strains, we show that the number of links are reduced by on average 63% as compared to using a co-occurrence-based strategy alone. We further demonstrate that 96% of experimentally validated links in these datasets are retained and prioritised when using NPClassScore.ConclusionThe matching genome-metabolome class ontologies provide a starting point for selecting plausible candidates for BGCs and MS/MS spectra based on matching chemical compound class ontologies. NPClassScore expedites genome/metabolome data integration, as relevant BGC-metabolite links are prioritised, and researchers are faced with substantially fewer proposed BGC-MS/MS links to manually inspect. We anticipate that our addition to the NPLinker framework will aid in the discovery of novel NPs and understanding complex metabolic interactions in the microbiome.
Social learning disfavours the cultural evolution of altruistic punishment
Authors: Burton-Chellew Max , D'Amico Victoire 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Could human cooperation be the result of evolution favouring groups where altruists punish non-altruists 1-5? While altruistic punishment can benefit groups through increased cooperation, it often costs more than it is worth, challenging both individual and group level explanations 1,6,7. One proposed possibility is cultural group selection via imitation of more cooperative groups. We therefore tested if altruistic punishment could spread among groups via imitation (social learning) rather than direct competition. Groups observed either how punishment increased cooperation, or how it also decreased profits, in a previous experiment. Individuals then voted to either enable or disable all punishment. We found (1) that punishment was common, but most individuals voted to disable punishment and (2) observing how punishment affected payoffs drastically disfavoured punishment, and consequently cooperation. Our results contradict the hypothesis that humans have evolved to cooperate via cultural group selection favouring altruistic punishment 2,3,8-12.
PassMark: User Authentication using Map Street View
Authors: Mishra Kailash Chandra , Dutta Subrata 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Text-based user authentication systems have flaws like difficulty remembering long passwords, being easily sharable, and being vulnerable to security attacks like keyboard tracker, brute force attack, and shoulder surfing. Map-based passwords are easier to remember than text-based passwords. Image and map-based passwords are proposed to overcome these drawbacks and improve memorability. Image-based passwords have a smaller password space and are more difficult to create than map-based passwords. MacRae et al. proposed Geopassnotes, a map-based password that stores the coordinates of a point on a map as a password. The password is a series of digits that can be easily cracked using a brute force attack. To choose the password, the user must select points at a specific zoom level, which is difficult. We propose "PassMark," a map-based user authentication system that addresses Geopassnotes' two flaws. We used a 16-digit alphanumeric password, and selecting a password point on the map does not require a specific zoom level. A user-defined point on a map can also be used as a password.
Behavioural responses of invasive (Gmelinoides faciatus) and native (Gammarus lacustris) amphipods to predators on different bottom substrates
Authors: Teesalu Paul , Ercoli Fabio , Tuvikene Arvo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus has invaded and established in numerous large lakes in Eurasia and, in the process, has displaced the native amphipod, Gammarus lacustris . The mechanism behind its invasion success is unclear and remains an important topic for invasion ecology. Three laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if superior predator avoidance and different types of bottom substrate could be important factors contributing to the invasion success of G. fasciatus . Our results indicate that, on gravel and sand substrates, G. fasciatus exhibited superior digging behaviour to avoid predation by fishes (perch and common roach), contrary to its native counterpart. In addition, G. fasciatus exhibited a more substantial reduction in activity than G. lacustris when in the presence of predatory fish kairomones. However, the presence of kairomones had little effect on digging behaviour. G. fasciatus consistently demonstrated superior predator avoidance abilities over G. lacustris , suggesting that this mechanism might play an important role in the invasion success of G. fasciatus .
Implementation of a prehospital-initiated redirection program for patients with low-acuity conditions: an 18-month retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mohamed Ilyas-Abdi , Harrisson Jessica , Blanchard Pierre-Gilles , Lemire Lily-Pier , Houde Laurence , Emond Marcel , Nadeau Alexandra , Mercier Eric 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to describe the profile of patients and the barriers encountered in implementing an emergency medical services (EMS)-initiated redirection program to non-emergency department (ED) settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. All EMS interventions during which the coordinating redirection centre (Capitale-Nationale, Quebec, Canada) was called were reviewed. The centre was available weekdays during working hours. On a voluntary basis, the on-site emergency medical technician (EMT) had the opportunity to contact the redirection centre to initiate diversion of patients with non-urgent conditions to a non-ED setting.
Results: Between April 27th, 2020, and October 26th, 2021, 2741 calls were received at the redirection centre, of which 1206 patients were finally diverted. Most redirected patients were female (62.0%) and 73.2% were aged ≥ 60 years old. The initial 911 Medical Dispatch Priority Systems (MDPS) codes of those redirected were sick person (37.3%) and falls (11.3%) while 58.9% were initially considered as low ambulance priority level (P4, P7). The main complaints of redirected patients were non-traumatic lower limb pain (17.8%), back pain (12.0%), neurologic disorder (8.3%), mental-health related condition (7.9%), skin disorder (6.7%) and fall (6.5%). Patients were most frequently redirected to a general practice clinic (45.1%), a community-based resource (20.1%) or their own family physician (11.9%). The main reasons for not redirecting, available for 1112 interventions, were the potential for deterioration (88.8%), patient not consenting to be redirected (7.2%) and no outpatient clinic availability (4.9%).
Conclusions: A redirection program initiated by EMTs was implemented in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults and those presenting with lower limb and back pain were the main populations redirected. Promoting the program to paramedics and leveraging this opportunity to compare different models of care are the upcoming steps.
Monitoring of Caspian Sea level change affected by atmospheric parameters using remote sensing data
Authors: sharif morteza , Abdollahi Ata , ‎ Maedeh Sadat Hosseini 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Caspian Sea level (CSL) fluctuations are driven by reciprocal hydro-meteorological processes that extend not only over the entire catchment area but also far beyond. According to the research literature, CSL has dropped approximately 3 m in the short-term (1929–1977). In this study, change in precipitation, runoff, and evaporation in the catchment area, river discharge, sea surface temperature (SST), and also CSL change were investigated over 40-year decades. Study results reveal two major change in the increasing trend of SST anomalies. With an increasing trend of 0.03 at the CS level, the results indicate an increase in temperature of more than 1.5°C during the study period, which can be a response to the increase in air and land surface temperature on a regional and global scale. The decline in river discharge levels has also been significant in recent decades. Reconstruction of long-term change in CSL with daily water level data between 1981–2020 through fluxes also showed that the average sea level rise was about 20 cm/yr in the 1981–1995 period and a decrease of 6 cm/yr during the 1996–2020 period was well visible in the results of the water balance equation. Moreover, according to the observed peak values of the four parameters precipitation, evaporation, runoff, and SST, the trend of increasing sea surface temperature and decreasing precipitation (with a slope of -1.8 mm/40 year) is more consistent with CSL change.
Effects of Physical Training on Functional, Clinical, Morphological, Behavioral and Psychosocial Outcomes in Post-covid-19 Infection: Covid-19 and Rehabilitation Study (Core-study): Study Protocol for a Clinical Trial
Authors: Delevatti Rodrigo Sudatti , Danielevicz Angelica , Sirydakis Maria Eduarda , de Melo Paulo Urubatan Gama , Freitas Cíntia de la Rocha , Rech Cassiano Ricardo , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci , Speretta Guilherme Fleury Fina , Hansen Fernanda , Fonseca Fernanda Rodrigues , Starke Ana Carolina , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas , Junior José Tavares de Melo , Maurici Rosemeri , Gerage Aline Mendes 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic remains ongoing, with a significant number of survivors who have experienced moderate to severe clinical conditions and who have suffered great magnitude losses, especially in functional capacity, trigerring limitation on the daily autonomy and quality of life. Among the possibilities of intervention for the rehabilitation of the disease, physical/exercising training stands out, which can benefit several health outcomes and favours the adoption of healthier behaviors. Therefore, the aim of the study will be to analyze the effects of physical training on the functional, clinical, morphological, behavioral, and psychosocial status in adults and the elderly following COVID-19 infection. Methods: Randomized, controlled clinical trial, conducted in parallel, with the experimental group undergoing an intervention involving a multicomponent physical rehabilitation program, carried out at the Sports Center in partnership with the Academic Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, in Florianópolis, Brazil. Participants will be adults and elderly, of both sexes, in a post-COVID-19 infection state, who were hospitalized during the infection. The intervention will have a total duration of 24 weeks and will include a multicomponent physical training program, which will have gradual progression in frequency, duration, and intensity over the time. Regarding the outcomes, before, at the 12th and after 24 weeks of intervention, functional (primary outcome = functional index of aerobic capacity), clinical, morphological, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes will be assessed. Discussion: This study will contribute to a greater understanding of the safety, adherence and benefits of physical training in the rehabilitation of post-COVID-19 patients. The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations at congresses, workshops, peer-reviewed publications, local and international conferences, especially with a view to proposing a post-COVID-19 Rehabilitation Care Protocol. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings of the institution of origin (protocol 4.909.599) and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-10y6jhrs), registered 22 February 2022, https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-10y6jhrs.
Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions for pregnant women: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Popova Svetlana , Pandya Ekta , Dozet Danijela , Brower Krista , Segura Lidia , Ondersma Steven J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can result in a range of adverse neonatal outcomes, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to investigate the effectiveness of brief interventions (BIs) in eliminating or reducing 1) alcohol consumption during pregnancy; and 2) PAE-related adverse neonatal outcomes.MethodWe conducted a systematic literature search for original controlled studies (randomized control trials (RCTs); quasi-experimental) in any setting, published from 1987 to 2021. The comparison group was no/minimal intervention, where a measure of alcohol consumption was reported. Studies were critically appraised using the Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Oxford critical appraisal tool for RCTs. Meta-analysis of continuous and binary estimates of effect-size for similar outcome measures for BIs versus control groups were pooled and reported as Cohens’ d/ Hedge’s g and odds ratios (ORs), respectively. ResultsIn total, 22 studies (4,865 participants), all from high income countries, met inclusion criteria. Abstinence outcomes available in 12 studies (n= 2,620) found modest effects in favor of BI conditions (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.15–2.13, I2=46.75%). BI effects for mean drinks/week (Cohen’s d=- 0.21, 95%CI=- 0.78 to 0.36) and AUDIT scores (g = 0.10, 95%CI= - 0.06 to 0.26) were not significant. Among seven studies (n = 740) reporting neonatal outcomes, BI receipt was associated with a modest and significant reduction in preterm birth (OR=0.67, 95% CI=0.46-0.98, I2=0.00%). No statistically significant differences were observed for APGAR score, mean birthweight, or likelihood of low birth weight (LBW). ConclusionBIs are moderately effective in increasing abstinence during pregnancy and preventing preterm birth. More studies on the effectiveness of BIs are needed from low- and middle-income countries, as well as with younger mothers and with a broader range of ethnic groups. There is also an urgent need for systematic research seeking to enhance the efficacy of brief interventions.
Interpretation and Investigations of Topology based Routing Protocols applied in VANET
Authors: sehrawat preeti , Chawla Mridul 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The intelligent transportation system is necessary for smart connection among vehicles and roadways equipment. VANET is an emerging research area and gaining attention for this smart connection. It is a subclass of MANET, where each auto-mobile is a node in the ad-hoc network which is consists of groups of stationary or moving vehicles. These vehicles are linked together through a wireless link i.e., VANET. VANET provides an infrastructure that builds new solution for safety, comfort of drivers and passengers but the implementation of the VANET presents a hurdle in the selection and designing of a routing mechanism which is capable of providing reliable and efficient transportation of packets. To improve VANET performance there are several routing protocols which may enable packet transport from the source node to the destination node. The prior objective of this research is to select and suggest reliable routing protocol for VANET’s implementation. This research presents the overall investigation and interpretation of routing protocol based on topology i.e., AODV, OLSR, DSR, and DSDV on the grounds of simulation parameters (packet delivery ratio, overhead, throughput). The performance and effects of routing protocols has been evaluated through the use of network simulator (NS-3) and mobility simulator (SUMO). The result shows that in case of throughput and overhead, protocol DSR outperforms but in case of PDR, protocol AODV outperforms for routing protocols. From the above, conclusion is that this research will assist the researchers in selecting the better routing protocol in the implementation of VANET infrastructure.
Ultrafine and Fairly Long Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by a Hydrated Multi-carboxylic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Shi Xiaochao , Wang Zengbin , Xia Qinqin , Liu Yongzhuang , Chen Wenshuai , Yu Haipeng , Zhang Kai 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sustainable carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (C-CNFs) with access to variable surface chemical modifications and exquisite mechanical properties have great and promising applicability across various fields. However, the current fabrication processes either require harsh reaction conditions or severely impair the high aspect ratio of products, resulting in low yields, environmental issues and/or limited uses. Herein, we address these limitations by using a hydrated multi-carboxylic acid deep eutectic solvent comprised of only choline chloride, citric acid, and water to produce ultrafine and fairly long C-CNFs. The resultant C-CNFs have fine diameters of ~ 3 nm, high aspect ratios up to 4000, high carboxyl content of 1.5 mmol/g, and high yield of 90%. Notably, we can easily achieve large-scale production of C-CNFs for preparing large area, high-performance structural materials. Superior stability of the C-CNFs suspensions even at high concentrations allows the fabrication of 4 m-long flexible C-CNF films showing excellent mechanical strength, great optical properties (92% transparency and 90% haze) and high thermal stability (Tmax=348 ℃) as well as of large area C-CNF aerogels with ultralow bulk density of 0.002 g/cm3, ultrahigh porosity of 99.86% and super low thermal conductivity of 0.0289 W/mK. These unique advantages as high yield, great cost-efficiency, scalable productivity and recyclability of eutectic solvents open up a new route to producing ultrafine C-CNFs on an industrial scale.
Interruption of the Gulf Stream in 2014 caused the 2014-16 North Atlantic Cold Fresh Anomaly and reciprocal warming/ salinification of the North American coastal region
Authors: Allan David , Allan Richard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present evidence that the previously reported 2014-2016 North Atlantic cold fresh anomaly (CFA) and warming/ salinification of the North American coastal region are reciprocal effects of an interruption of Gulf Stream (GS) mass transport near 45oW. In February-March 2014, sudden cooling and reduced salinity near the Milne seamounts (45oN, 40oW) was quantitatively reciprocated by warming and increased salinity near the Tail of the Grand Banks (TGB, 43oN 50oW), creating coincident dipoles of heat and salt anomaly. The magnitude of these changes is consistent with a temporary interruption of about 70-75% of GS heat and salt transport close to where it branches to form the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and Azores Current (AC) near 40-43oN 45oW. The negative heat and salt anomalies near 40°W subsequently migrated northeastwards to constitute the CFA (centred on 50oN 30oW) while the reciprocal positive anomalies near 50°W spread westwards and southwards into the North American coastal region. The quantitative reciprocity of heat and salt anomalies in the CFA and North American coastal region can thus be explained by an interruption of mass transport between the GS and NAC. Although there has been much speculation regarding the possibility that global warming might block transport of heat and salt in the GS (possibly leading to extreme climate changes) this is the first evidence that a short-lived interruption of GS transport has already occurred.