bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A promising tool: triglycerides–glucose index to stratify the risk of cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yildirim Fatma , Yildiz Abdullah B , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Lipid profile management is one of the crucial components to optimize outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes due to both a direct cardiovascular impact of CKD and the presence of metabolic comorbidities. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the main target of current lipid-lowering drugs. However, the derangement of lipid metabolism in CKD is more complex. The recently described triglyceride–glucose index (TyG) is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. In recent studies, the TyG was associated with CKD progression in CKD patients and with cardiovascular death in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Quiroga et al. now show that the TyG is associated with the occurrence of major cardiovascular events in individuals free from diabetes with non-dialysis-dependent CKD.
Climbing the Wall around EU Citizenship: Has the Time Come to Align Third-Country Nationals with Intra-EU Migrants?
Authors: Weingerl Petra , Tratnik Matjaž 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article discusses legal migration in the EU, in particular labour migration. It addresses the following question: once migrant workers from non-EU countries have been admitted into the Union, should they be treated like workers from EU countries for purposes of free movement? The EU migration acquis is one of the most politically charged issues covered by the EU Treaties. As EU citizens, nationals of member states enjoy a set of free movement and political rights that can be exercised in other member states in accordance with the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of nationality affirmed in Article 18 TFEU. This principle is arguably not applicable to third-country nationals. Thus, member states are free to accord unequal treatment to third-country nationals as compared to privileged EU immigrants. The pressing question is whether it is desirable to maintain different levels of rights for third-country nationals who have been legally admitted and whose connection to the host member state does not otherwise differ from that of EU citizens who have exercised their mobility rights. To answer that question, this paper examines arguments for and against treating migrant workers from EU countries and non-EU countries equally for purposes of free movement. It will show how these arguments push in different directions depending on whether they concern the political, human, social, cultural or economic impact of such differential treatment. Our analysis strongly suggests that, on balance, there are convincing reasons for aligning the treatment of long-term resident migrant workers from non-EU countries with that of migrant workers from EU member states.
Critical Whiteness Studies and Teaching Nineteenth-Century American Literature
Authors: Murray Hannah Lauren 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article argues for implementing a Critical Whiteness studies approach to canonical White literature. After providing an overview of Critical Whiteness studies, I discuss examples from teaching nineteenth-century American literature where Critical Whiteness approaches are fruitful. Alongside widening the selection of what we teach in English departments, incorporating Critical Whiteness studies as part of decolonizing the curriculum reorients how we teach canonical White literature that remains on our syllabi and supports students to recognize continuing discourses of White supremacy today.
The development of inflammatory arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Chaudhry Zaira S , Nellessen Nathan , Reis Cesar , Sharip Akbar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundGiven the widespread impact of COVID-19, it is important to explore any atypical presentations and long-term sequelae associated with this viral infection, including the precipitation of inflammatory arthritis.ObjectiveTo identify and summarize clinical reports of acute inflammatory arthritis associated with COVID-19.MethodsA systematic review of the PubMed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central databases through January 31, 2022 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: human subjects and English language. Data extraction and qualitative synthesis of the demographics, clinical presentations, treatments, and outcomes were performed. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna-Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.ResultsA total of 37 articles collectively describing the cases of 54 patients were included. The mean age was 48.2 years (6-78 years). 53.7% of patients were male and 46.3% were female. The onset of articular symptoms varied considerably, and the majority of cases were described as polyarticular (29). The classification of inflammatory arthritis in the included studies was as follows: reactive (19), post-viral (13), new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (8), crystal-proven arthropathy flare (4), acute viral (2), new-onset psoriatic arthritis (2), flare of preexisting RA (2), and other (4). Arthritis treatment regimens varied but consisted largely of NSAIDs and corticosteroids with most patients experiencing improvement or resolution of their joint symptoms.ConclusionThere is limited low-level evidence suggesting that patients may develop acute arthritis during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the relationship between COVID-19 and the development of inflammatory arthritis.
Transverse endoplasmic reticulum expansion in hereditary spastic paraplegia corticospinal axons
Authors: Zhu Peng-Peng , Hung Hui-Fang , Batchenkova Natalia , Nixon-Abell Jonathon , Henderson James , Zheng Pengli , Renvoisé Benoit , Pang Song , Xu C Shan , Saalfeld Stephan , Funke Jan , Xie Yuxiang , Svara Fabian , Hess Harald F , Blackstone Craig 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a large group of inherited neurologic disorders affecting the longest corticospinal axons (SPG1–86 plus others), with shared manifestations of lower extremity spasticity and gait impairment. Common autosomal dominant HSPs are caused by mutations in genes encoding the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin (SPAST; SPG4), the membrane-bound GTPase atlastin-1 (ATL1; SPG3A) and the reticulon-like, microtubule-binding protein REEP1 (REEP1; SPG31). These proteins bind one another and function in shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Typically, mouse models of HSPs have mild, later onset phenotypes, possibly reflecting far shorter lengths of their corticospinal axons relative to humans. Here, we have generated a robust, double mutant mouse model of HSP in which atlastin-1 is genetically modified with a K80A knock-in (KI) missense change that abolishes its GTPase activity, whereas its binding partner Reep1 is knocked out. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1−/− mice exhibit early onset and rapidly progressive declines in several motor function tests. Also, ER in mutant corticospinal axons dramatically expands transversely and periodically in a mutation dosage-dependent manner to create a ladder-like appearance, on the basis of reconstructions of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy datasets using machine learning-based auto-segmentation. In lockstep with changes in ER morphology, axonal mitochondria are fragmented and proportions of hypophosphorylated neurofilament H and M subunits are dramatically increased in Atl1KI/KI/Reep1−/− spinal cord. Co-occurrence of these findings links ER morphology changes to alterations in mitochondrial morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1−/− mice represent an early onset rodent HSP model with robust behavioral and cellular readouts for testing novel therapies.
The role of institutions in the early entrepreneurial process
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian , Foss Nicolai J , Xu Tianjiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Much entrepreneurship research has focused on explaining why some countries and regions have more entrepreneurial activity than others, and the role played in this regard by cross-national and cross-regional differences in institutions. However, this stream has not considered entrepreneurship from a process perspective that is, as a set of activities that unfold over different, discernible stages, and has therefore not examined how institutions and policies impact entrepreneurship in different stages of the process. To address this highly policy-relevant gap, we consider the role of institutions for both nascent and realized entrepreneurship, combining cross-country data of entrepreneurial nascency and start-up activity with standard measures of institutions in structural models to obtain estimates of the moderating and mediating effects of policies and institutions of different quality. Analyzing data on early entrepreneurial activities from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, data on new firm formation from the World Bank, and Economic Freedom of the World and Doing Business data, we find that a larger government sector leads to lower levels of both measures of entrepreneurship, while legal quality only impacts later-stage entrepreneurship. In general, the main impact of institutions lies in the later stage of entrepreneurship. We suggest that attention allocation by entrepreneurs may help explain these findings.
Searching for Signs: Developing a Handshape Taxonomy Based on Visual Similarity
Authors: Scolari Sergio , Crasborn Onno , Braviano Gilson 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
When designing a sign language dictionary or lexical database, a criterion that needs to be decided on is how to organize handshapes in the search-by-sign interface. Although notation systems do exist for indexing and searching sign entries, dictionaries do not often use them. This study investigates how to classify and order images of handshapes without relying on the alphabetical order of handshape names or phonological parameters. For this purpose, a cluster analysis using three variables was applied, resulting in groups based on visual similarities between handshapes. The objects in the resulting clusters were reordered based on similarity and shape gradation principles, aiming for an optimal organization with regard to Prägnanz. Ultimately, as we expect native signers to rely on the visual features of signs, the taxonomy proposed in this study makes it possible to display handshapes in a way that requires fewer metalinguistic skills to support signers’ search actions.
Age-Specific Prevalence of Anal and Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and High-Grade Lesions in 11 177 Women by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status: A Collaborative Pooled Analysis of 26 Studies
Authors: Wei Feixue , Xia Ningshao , Ocampo Rebeca , Goodman Marc T , Hessol Nancy A , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Ortiz Ana P , Zhao Fanghui , Kojic Erna M , Kaul Rupert , Heard Isabelle , Morhason-Bello Imran O , Moscicki Anna-Barbara , de Pokomandy Alexandra , Palefsky Joel M , Rodrigues Luana L S , Dube Mandishora Racheal S , Ramautarsing Reshmie A , Franceschi Silvia , Godbole Sheela V , Tso Fernanda K , Menezes Lynette J , Lin Chunqing , Clifford Gary M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Age-specific data on anal, and corresponding cervical, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are needed to inform female anal cancer prevention.

Methods
We centrally reanalyzed individual-level data from 26 studies reporting HPV prevalence in paired anal and cervical samples by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and age. For women with HIV (WWH) with anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+), we also investigated concurrent cervical cytopathology.

Results
In HIV-negative women, HPV16 prevalence decreased significantly with age, both at anus (4.3% at 15–24 years to 1.0% at ≥55 years; ptrend = 0.0026) and cervix (7.4% to 1.7%; ptrend &lt; 0.0001). In WWH, HPV16 prevalence decreased with age at cervix (18.3% to 7.2%; ptrend = 0.0035) but not anus (11.5% to 13.9%; ptrend = 0.5412). Given anal HPV16 positivity, concurrent cervical HPV16 positivity also decreased with age, both in HIV-negative women (ptrend = 0.0005) and WWH (ptrend = 0.0166). Among 48 WWH with HPV16-positive anal HSIL+, 27 (56%) were cervical high-risk HPV-positive, including 8 with cervical HPV16, and 5 were cervical HSIL+.

Conclusions
Age-specific shifts in HPV16 prevalence from cervix to anus suggest that HPV infections in the anus persist longer, or occur later in life, than in the cervix, particularly in WWH. This is an important consideration when assessing the utility of cervical screening results to stratify anal cancer risk.
‘Moral’ Determinations in WTO Law: Lessons from the Seals Dispute
Authors: Czapnik Ben 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This article develops a conceptual framework for understanding the ambiguous concept of public morals in World Trade Organization (WTO) law. It reviews the jurisprudence and literature to suggest there are four main options for operationalizing this concept in a legal test. If WTO adjudicators opt for an empirical approach, they can test whether a certain belief is genuinely held within the regulator’s society (unilateralism) or whether it is shared more broadly by the global community (externalism). If WTO adjudicators prefer a ‘moral’ approach, they can interrogate the content of the regulator’s measure (normative inquiry) or whether it addresses a moral issue (meta-ethical inquiry). Each of these approaches suffers from important weaknesses. WTO adjudicators have taken an equivocal approach: they make amorphous statements alluding to all four approaches but do not settle on a clear public morals legal test. In Seals, they went further by establishing an equivocal characterization of the European Union’s (EU) policy objective, which failed to clarify what the EU’s seal products ban sought to achieve or even whether it was based on objective rational considerations. This use of fallacious reasoning by dispute bodies has important implications for WTO law with respect to indeterminacy, transparency, and judicial activism.
The ‘Aramaic Substrate’ Hypothesis in the Levant Revisited
Authors: Pat-El Naʾama , Stokes Phillip W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aramaic was the lingua franca in the Levant in the millennium prior to the Muslim conquests. The exact nature of the spread of Arabic and the specifics of language shift in the Middle East are not yet well understood. Many scholars assume that Arabic primarily spread in the immediate aftermath of the Muslim conquest. The common opinion is that in the new empire, Arabic was learnt imperfectly by speakers of other languages, and the resulting dialects bear the marks of those underlying languages (Versteegh 2012). Specifically, in the Levant and parts of Mesopotamia that language was Aramaic. Several features of the colloquial dialects of the Levant and Mesopotamia were argued to be a result of an Aramaic substrate. In this paper we concentrate on the alleged Aramaic substrate in the modern Arabic dialects of the Levant, where information about the Arabic dialects is more complete, and draw attention to a number of methodological flaws in the scholarly work supporting this hypothesis. We show that some core ‘Aramaic’ features in Levantine Arabic are unlikely to originate from Aramaic. We further argue that the evidence is not consistent with a rapid and imperfect language shift, which resulted in substrate influence, but rather with a prolonged period of contact between bilingual populations, which resulted in the expected transference of specialized lexical items, but almost no grammatical features.
Association of rs5742612 Polymorphism in the Promoter Region of IGF1 Gene with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Nobakht Hossein , Mahmoudi Touraj , Rezamand Gholamreza , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha , Jeddi Golnaz , Asadi Asadollah , Farahani Hamid , Dabiri Reza , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Kaboli Seyed Alireza , Derakhshan Faramarz , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global chronic liver disease encompassing a wide spectrum of disorders ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering the strong association between NAFLD and insulin resistance, and the vital role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in IR, we hypothesized that IGF1 gene polymorphism might be associated with NAFLD.

Methods
A total of 302 subjects, including 149 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 153 controls, were enrolled in this case-control study. All the subjects were genotyped for the rs5742612 polymorphism of the IGF1 gene using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results
The distribution of IGF1 rs5742612 genotypes and alleles differed significantly between the cases with NAFLD and controls. The IGF1 rs5742612 CC genotype compared with the TT genotype or the TT+TC genotype occurred more frequently in the cases than the controls and the differences remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors such as age and body mass index (P = .011, OR = 2.71, 95%CI = 1.16-5.85; and P = .032, OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.10-5.24, respectively).

Conclusion
For the first time, this study uncovered that the IGF1 rs5742612 CC genotype compared with the TT genotype or the TT+TC genotype had a 2.71-fold or 2.29-fold increased risk for NAFLD, respectively.
The GMRT archive atomic gas survey – I. Survey definition, methodology, and initial results from the pilot sample
Authors: Biswas Prerana , Patra Narendra Nath , Roy Nirupam , Rashid Md 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Interferometric observations of H i in galaxies have played a pivotal role in studies of nearby galaxies. Compared to single-dish observations, they provide resolved distributions of gas in galaxies with unprecedented resolution. Several extensive H i surveys of nearby galaxies have been performed in the past; however, most of them consist of less than 100 galaxies due to individual efforts. On the other hand, the present-day archives of radio telescopes include data for at least several hundred galaxies. To utilize these data sets to their full potential, we construct a sample including all galaxies observed by the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in H i. This results in a total of 515 galaxies, the largest sample to date. We intend to analyse all the data uniformly and carry out different exciting science. As a pilot project, we analyse data from 11 galaxies and present the data products in this paper. We further investigate the neutral interstellar medium in these galaxies and extract cold and warm phases using a multi-Gaussian decomposition method. This pilot project assures the quality of the data, which will enable us to perform critical science investigations using the full sample.
Submillimetre galaxies in two massive protoclusters at z = 2.24: witnessing the enrichment of extreme starbursts in the outskirts of HAE density peaks
Authors: Zhang Yuheng , Zheng Xian Zhong , Shi Dong Dong , Gao Yu , Dannerbauer Helmut , An Fang Xia , Shu Xinwen , Gao Zhen-Kai , Wang Wei-Hao , Wang Xin , Cai Zheng , Fan Xiaohui , Fang Min , Pan Zhizheng , Liu Wenhao , Tan Qinghua , Qin Jianbo , Ren Jian , Qiao Man , Wen Run , Liu Shuang 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Submillimetre galaxies represent a rapid growth phase of both star formation and massive galaxies. Mapping SMGs in galaxy protoclusters provides key insights into where and how these extreme starbursts take place in connections with the assembly of the large-scale structure in the early Universe. We search for SMGs at 850 $\rm{\mu m}$ using JCMT/SCUBA-2 in two massive protoclusters at z = 2.24, BOSS1244 and BOSS1542, and detect 43 and 54 sources with S850 &gt; 4 mJy at the 4σ level within an effective area of 264 arcmin2, respectively. We construct the intrinsic number counts and find that the abundance of SMGs is 2.0 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 times that of the general fields, confirming that BOSS1244 and BOSS1542 contain a higher fraction of dusty galaxies with strongly enhanced star formation. The volume densities of the SMGs are estimated to be ∼15–30 times the average, significantly higher than the overdensity factor (∼6) traced by H α emission-line galaxies (HAEs). More importantly, we discover a prominent offset between the spatial distributions of the two populations in these two protoclusters – SMGs are mostly located around the high-density regions of HAEs, and few are seen inside these regions. This finding may have revealed for the first time the occurrence of violent star formation enhancement in the outskirts of the HAE density peaks, likely driven by the boosting of gas supplies and/or starburst triggering events. Meanwhile, the lack of SMGs inside the most overdense regions at z ∼ 2 implies a transition to the environment disfavouring extreme starbursts.
Multiwavelength campaign on the Super-Eddington NLS1 RX J0134.2-4258 – I. Peculiar X-ray spectra and variability
Authors: Jin Chichuan , Done Chris , Ward Martin , Panessa Francesca , Liu Bo , Liu Heyang 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe have conducted a new long-term multiwavelength campaign on one of the most super-Eddington narrow-line Seyfert 1s (NLS1s) known, namely RX J0134.2-4258. In this first paper, we report deep simultaneous X-ray observations performed by XMM–Newton and NuSTAR on 2019 December 19, during which RX J0134.2-4258 was fortuitously at one of its lowest X-ray flux states. However, there is a clear rise above 4 keV which implies that the intrinsic source flux may be higher. The X-ray spectra observed between 1996 and 2019 show drastic variability, probably due to complex, variable absorption along the line of sight. Unusually, the soft X-ray excess appears extremely weak in all these spectra, even when the hard X-ray spectrum has a steep slope of Γ ≃ 2.2. We explore the spectral-timing properties of the new (low X-ray flux) and archival (high X-ray flux) XMM–Newton data, fitting their time-average, rms, and lag spectra simultaneously. The variability spectra indicate the presence of a very weak soft X-ray Comptonization component, whose shape is similar to the soft excess in normal super-Eddington NLS1s, but with flux relative to the power law which is lower by more than one order of magnitude. Above 4 keV the low-flux data are dominated by a different component, which lags with respect to the lower energy emission. This is consistent with an origin of reflection or partial covering absorption from low ionization material located within 100 Rg. We interpret this as further indication of the presence of a clumpy disc wind.
RNAspider: a webserver to analyze entanglements in RNA 3D structures
Authors: Luwanski Kamil , Hlushchenko Vladyslav , Popenda Mariusz , Zok Tomasz , Sarzynska Joanna , Martsich Daniil , Szachniuk Marta , Antczak Maciej 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAdvances in experimental and computational techniques enable the exploration of large and complex RNA 3D structures. These, in turn, reveal previously unstudied properties and motifs not characteristic for small molecules with simple architectures. Examples include entanglements of structural elements in RNA molecules and knot-like folds discovered, among others, in the genomes of RNA viruses. Recently, we presented the first classification of entanglements, determined by their topology and the type of entangled structural elements. Here, we introduce RNAspider – a web server to automatically identify, classify, and visualize primary and higher-order entanglements in RNA tertiary structures. The program applies to evaluate RNA 3D models obtained experimentally or by computational prediction. It supports the analysis of uncommon topologies in the pseudoknotted RNA structures. RNAspider is implemented as a publicly available tool with a user-friendly interface and can be freely accessed at https://rnaspider.cs.put.poznan.pl/.