bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 8-Week Noncontinuous Aerobic Exercise on the Levels of CCL2, CCL5, and their Respective Receptors in Female BALB/C Mice Suffering from Breast Cancer
Authors: Esmailiyan Mehrnoosh , Kargarfard Mehdi , Esfarjani Fahimeh , Vaseghi Golnaz 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Recently, the importance of chemokines and their receptors in carcinogenesis and the protective role of aerobic exercise in primary cancer development and progression is highlighted. Based on the facts that endurance exercise may result in hypoxia condition, and in addition, the effect of exercise therapy on the levels of CCL2, CCR2, and their related receptors in breast cancer (BC) model has not been investigated so far, therefore we aimed to evaluate the effect of eight-week noncontinuous aerobic training on the levels of CCL2, CCL5, and their related receptors; CCR2 and CCR5 in female BALB/C mice with BC.

Methods:
Thirty-two BALB/C mice (4–5 weeks old) were randomly divided to four 8-member groups of control and experimental. The experimental group received 8 weeks of noncontinuous aerobic exercises (AEs) while the control group did not receive any exercises during these 8 weeks. After last of experiment, 5 ml of blood was taken from each rat's lower inferior vein. The plasma levels of CCL2 and CCL5 were measured by ELISA and CCR2 and CCR5 by western blot. Tumor volume also measured in each step. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA test and the SPSS v. 0.24 Software.

Results:
After 8 weeks of participation in noncontinuous AEs, a statistically significant decrease was made between the control and experimental groups in terms of CCL2, CCL5, and CCR2 levels, as well as tumor volume. However, there was no significant difference between groups in terms of CCR5 level.

Conclusions:
It can be concluded that the 8 weeks of noncontinuous AEs did not result in CCR5 reduction while resulting in a statistically significant decrease in CCL2, CCL5, CCR2, and tumor volume.
Do intra operative brain conditions during clipping for ruptured intra cranial aneurysms affect the outcome? Being devil's advocate
Authors: Singla Navneet , Reddy K. Ramanadha , Aggarwal Ashish , Chhabra Rajesh , Bhagat Hemant 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
For a disease like aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) which continues to have high morbidity and mortality, prognostication is imperative. This gives realistic goals to both the health-care worker and the patient. Unfavourable brain conditions during surgery like dural bulge, brain swelling, petechial haemorrhages, need for ventricular tap are conventionally thought to be harbingers of poor outcomes. But is it really so?

Methods:
Fifty-four consecutively operated patients of aSAH were studied. Clinical grade at admission (H and H, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS)), Dural bulge, brain swelling, petechial haemorrhages, need for ventricular tap, and brain pulsatility were studied for outcome parameters like Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 1 and 3 months and development of focal deficits.

Results:
H and H and WFNS grades had a significant correlation with GOS. We found that the need for augmentation duraplasty had a significant association with the outcome and appearance of focal deficits. However, unfavourable brain conditions like–dural bulge, brain swelling, petechial haemorrhages, need for ventricular tap, absence of brain pulsatility during surgery did not have a significant impact on the outcome.

Conclusions:
Clinical grading by far remains the best predictor of outcome. Intra-operative brain conditions did not have a bearing on the outcome. The mechanism by which poor grade patients exhibit poor outcomes remains elusive. At least in the present study, it was not by way of manifesting as unfavourable brain conditions. A word of caution–further large studies are required before definite conclusions can be drawn.
A concise operative atlas of microvascular decompression – Different intraoperative scenarios and technical nuances
Authors: Kumar Roopesh V. R. , Karthikayan Arunkumar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most common facial pain syndromes. Although there are many postulated hypotheses explaining the pain, microvascular compression of the root entry zone (REZ) of the trigeminal nerve is commonly accepted to be the pathology for neuralgia. Various medical and surgical treatments are available to relieve the pain and microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve at the REZ is considered as the most successful modality and the gold standard.

Methods:
In this video atlas on operative nuances, we have described nine common scenarios that could be encountered during this surgery.

Conclusion:
Thorough knowledge of the different intraoperative scenarios is crucial for a complete microvascular decompression that translates into a good post-operative outcome.
Clinical Significance of Serial Measurements of Interleukin-6 and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as Early Predictor of Poor Neurological Outcome in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Sharma Amit Kumar , Mamualiya Ruhi , Inganal Rahul , Singh Daljit , Mahajan Bhawna 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The inflammatory events are implicated in the pathophysiology of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and secondary brain injury. The goal of this study was to determine the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as an early predictor of the poor neurological outcome at 6 months in individuals with SAH.

Methods:
In this prospective, observational study of consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH included over 1 year. Peak IL-6 and hsCRP were used as an indicator of the inflammatory response. Initial IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were collected within 12 h from admission and then for the next consecutive 7 days. The primary outcome was neurological status at 6-month follow-up assessed with the Modified Rankin Scale (0–6) with a score with or higher than 3 labelled as poor outcome. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between the peak serum IL-6 and hs-CRP levels and the neurological outcome.

Results:
The median peak levels of both markers were significantly higher in the poor outcome group on all 7 days. A significant correlation was seen between peak IL-6 and poor Hunt and Hess grade (P = 0.006), infarction (0.033) and systemic infection (0.03), whereas peak hsCRP had a correlation with rebleed (P = 0.017) and clipping (P = 0.032). Significant risk factors for the poor outcome were poor Hunt and Hess grade (P < 0.000) and high Fisher grades (P = 0.021) and peak IL-6 levels (P = 0.014) on regression analysis.

Conclusion:
The serial measurements of inflammatory markers IL-6 and hsCRP may be used to predict the neurological outcome in aSAH patients. The peak IL-6 levels correlated significantly with poor neurological outcome. Although hsCRP was elevated in patients with the poor outcome, it was statistically non-significant, suggesting a non-specific inflammatory stress response.
Outcomes of Trauma Patients Present to the Emergency Department with a Shock Index of ≥1.0
Authors: Chowdhury Sharfuddin , Parameaswari P. J. , Leenen Luke 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The study aimed primarily to evaluate the association between the initial shock index (SI) ≥1.0 with blood transfusion requirement in the emergency department (ED) after acute trauma. The study's secondary aim was to look at the outcomes regarding patients’ disposition from ED, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, and deaths.

Methods:
It was a retrospective, cross-sectional study and utilized secondary data from the Saudi Trauma Registry (STAR) between September 2017 and August 2020. We extracted the data related to patient demographics, mechanism of injuries, the intent of injuries, mode of arrival at the hospital, characteristics on presentation to ED, length of stay, and deaths from the database and compared between two groups of SI <1.0 and SI ≥1.0. A P < 0.05 was statistically considered significant.

Results:
Of 6667 patients in STAR, 908 (13.6%) had SI ≥1.0. With SI ≥1.0, there was a significantly higher incidence of blood transfusion in ED compared to SI <1.0 (8.9% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, SI ≥ 1.0 was associated with significant ICU admission (26.4% vs. 12.3%, P < 0.001), emergency surgical intervention (8.5% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001), longer ICU stay (5.0 ± 0.36 vs. 2.2 ± 0.11days, P < 0.001), longer hospital stays (14.8 ± 0.61 vs. 13.3 ± 0.24 days, P < 0.001), and higher deaths (8.4% vs. 2.8%, P < 0.001) compared to the patient with SI <1.0.

Conclusions:
In our cohort, a SI ≥ 1.0 on the presentation at the ED carried significantly worse outcomes. This simple calculation based on initial vital signs may be used as a screening tool and therefore incorporated into initial assessment protocols to manage trauma patients.
The Usefulness of Physician-Staffed Helicopters for Managing Severe Abdominal Trauma Patients
Authors: Jitsuiki Kei , Nagasawa Hiroki , Muramatsu Ken-Ichi , Takeuchi Ikuto , Ohsaka Hiromichi , Ishikawa Kouhei , Yanagawa Youichi 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
We retrospectively investigated prognostic factors for severe abdominal trauma patients evacuated by a physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) and ground ambulance using the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB).

Methods:
The study period was from January 2004 to May 2019. The subjects were divided into two groups, according to the type of outcome: the Mortality group, which included patients who ultimately died, and the Survival group, which included patients who obtained a survival outcome.

Results:
There were 2457 in the Mortality group and 11,326 in the Survival group. When variables that showed statistical significance in the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis, the following variables were identified as significant positive predictors of a fatal outcome: evacuation from the scene, blunt injury, injury severity score, and age; significant negative predictors of a fatal outcome were transportation by the HEMS and revised trauma score.

Conclusions:
The present study described the usefulness of the HEMS for severe abdominal trauma patients in comparison with ground ambulance transportation using the JTDB.
Phenotypic Detection and Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Bhatt Puneet , Tandel Kundan , Das (Civilian) Nikunja Kumar , Grover Naveen , Ranjan Praveer , Rathi K. R. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is of utmost clinical importance because they challenge the armamentarium of the treating clinicians, hampering current treatment strategies.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to detect carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae by phenotypic and molecular methods.

Materials and Methods:
Nonrepetitive isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were identified by conventional phenotypic methods from various clinical samples. All these isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance by meropenem (10μg) or ertapenem (10μg) disc. All the isolates which were found to be carbapenem-resistant by screening test were subjected to phenotypic confirmatory test in the form of modified Hodge test (MHT). These isolates were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction for the detection of various carbapenemase-producing genes, namely New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM), verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas (IMP), KPC, and OXA-48.

Results:
Out of 1254 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 230 isolates (18.3%) were found to be positive for carbapenemase production by screening test. A total of 150 out of 230 isolates (65.2%) tested positive for carbapenemase production by MHT. Out of these 150 phenotypically confirmed carbapenemase-producing isolates, blaNDM gene was found in 85, blaVIM in 32, and blaIMP in 22 isolates. blaOXA-48 and blaKPC genes were not found in any isolate. Moreover, there were 19 isolates, in which no gene was detected.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of phenotypically confirmed carbapenemase resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is 11.96% (150/1254). Genes responsible for carbapenemase production are widely prevalent in Enterobacteriaceae Routine detection will help in the management of these broadly-resistant pathogens and implementation of appropriate infection control measures, thus limiting their spread.
Learning Behavior and Perspective of Medical Students in India on COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kapoor Suraj , Anand Vivek , Kaushik S K , Yadav Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Medical colleges in India are opening gradually for resumption of medical education. Assessment of learning behavior and perspectives of students toward COVID-19 pandemic is essential for effective medical education as well as to assess their role in pandemic if need arises. Hence, the present study aims to assess learning behavior and perspective of medical students on COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2020 among 392 medical students at various medical colleges of the country. An online self-administered questionnaire was designed to assess learning behavior of medical students about infection prevention and control practices in COVID-19 adopted during the course of pandemic. Snowball sampling method was used for data collection.

Results:
On assessment of 392 medical students about preventive measures during COVID-19 pandemic, more than 80% of medical students were aware of the importance of facemask, social distancing, frequent hand washing, and use of digital tools such as Aarogya Setu app in surveillance. Majority of students were aware of the symptoms, testing, and treatment protocols along with importance of self-reporting. Most of the students were aware of various sources of getting scientific and relevant information about pandemic. While majority of students were aware of rationale of quarantine, appropriate waste management technique, and post-COVID precautions, there was a lack of knowledge about appropriate disinfection measures.

Conclusions:
Medical students are an asset to health care; learning behaviors adopted by them can certainly help to assist health-care system in COVID times.
Sexual Behavior and Increasing Vulnerability of Elderly Population to Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Kandpal Renu , Viswanath H. M. , Phulari Yoganand S , Kumar Mukesh , Hiremath Ravishekar N , Patil Chetan , Sumathi Arumugam , Binakka Paramarthalingam , Sarkar Tapoti 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
The objective of the study was to study the pattern of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among the patients attending the STIs clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among all confirmed STI cases attending the STI clinic during the period of 1 year. Data were collected by means of personal interview using pretested pro forma with questions related to their sexual behavior and STIs. Relevant investigations were carried out for all cases. Data were entered in Excel sheet and analyzed by means of Epi Info version 7.

Results:
A total of 373 patients were reported with anogenital lesions. Out of these, 310 were confirmed cases of STI. Surprisingly, in the clinic, the attendance of elderly was 41 (13% of total cases). The attendance of older adults (>40 years of age) was more (178, 57.41%) in comparison to the younger population (132, 42.58%). Among the older population, males outnumbered female patients. Out of the total lesions, the most common genital lesion was herpes genitalis followed by balanoposthitis.

Conclusion:
We generally assume that, with increasing age, the chances of acquiring STIs are less, but in our study, most of them admitted to having regular sexual activity and this clearly indicated the vulnerability of the elderly population to STIs. We definitely need to focus on their sexual needs and sex education to prevent the increased rate of infections among them.
Combating New Challenge in Coronavirus Disease-2019 Management
Authors: Kansara Nikunj , Kumar Surinder , Yadav Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced new ethical challenges in the care of patients and people who may have been exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or have mild to moderate COVID-19. Refusal to get tested for COVID-19 and having poor adherence to infection prevention protocols are the areas of concern for the ongoing pandemic. Such situations increase the risk of infection to other patients and staff. The factors affecting testing refusal were studied with the help of the Google questionnaire.

Methodology:
The cross-sectional survey tool was developed and distributed after pilot testing. The study population was selected using mix sampling method, snowball, and random sampling using the mobile number of the participants. All the participants were informed about the purpose of the study and included after taking consent.

Results:
Of the 176 study participants, the majority were male (112, 63.6%), with a mean age of 37.2 years (standard deviation 10.4). Forty-one (23.3%) were health-care workers and 74 (42.1%) were private company employees. Seventy-one (40.3%) refused to get tested for COVID-19 when asked whether they will get tested in the presence of any COVID-19 symptoms and 81 (46.8%) refused to get tested in the absence of any symptoms.

Conclusion:
Health policy-makers should utilize the study results to formulate the policy regarding any future pandemic to reduce the level of stigma associated with an unknown disease. These clarifications and excuses asked to the study participants are meant to provide a deeper understanding to address the pandemic better.
Comparison of 68Ga-DOTATOC and 18F-FDG Thoracic Lymph Node and Pulmonary Lesion Uptake Using PET/CT in Postprimary Tuberculosis
Authors: Rosado-de-Castro Paulo Henrique , Pereira-de-Carvalho Thiago , Menna Barreto Miriam , Kritski Afrânio Lineu , de Oliveira Souza Rebecca , Altino de Almeida Sergio , Cavalcanti Rolla Valéria , Araujo Zin Walter , Roncally Silva Carvalho Alysson , Souza Rodrigues Rosana 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality. Positron emission tomography (PET) associated with computed tomography (CT) allows a structural and metabolic evaluation of TB lesions, being an excellent noninvasive alternative for understanding its pathogenesis. DOTATOC labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga-DOTATOC) can bind to somatostatin receptors present in activated macrophages and lymphocytes, cells with a fundamental role in TB pathogenesis. We describe 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake distribution and patterns in thoracic lymph nodes (LN) and pulmonary lesions (PL) in immunocompetent patients with active postprimary TB, analyze the relative LN/PL uptake, and compare this two tracer’s uptake. High uptake of both radiotracers in PL and LN was demonstrated, with higher LN/PL ratio on 68Ga-DOTATOC (P < 0.05). Considering that LN in immunocompetent patients are poorly studied, 68Ga-DOTATOC can contribute to the understanding of the complex immunopathogenesis of TB.
Prevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus among Livestock and Ticks in Zhambyl Region, Kazakhstan, 2017
Authors: Bryant-Genevier Jonathan , Bumburidi Yekaterina , Kazazian Lilit , Seffren Victoria , Head Jennifer R. , Berezovskiy Dmitriy , Zhakipbayeva Bakhytkul , Salyer Stephanie J. , Knust Barbara , Klena John D. , Chiang Cheng-Feng , Mirzabekova Gulfaira , Rakhimov Kumisbek , Koekeev Jandar , Kartabayev Kanatbek , Mamadaliyev Seydigapbar , Guerra Marta , Blanton Curtis , Shoemaker Trevor , Singer Daniel , Moffett Daphne B. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a highly fatal zoonotic disease endemic to Kazakhstan. Previous work estimated the seroprevalence of CCHF virus (CCHFV) among livestock owners in the Zhambyl region of southern Kazakhstan at 1.2%. To estimate CCHFV seroprevalence among cattle and sheep, we selected 15 villages with known history of CCHFV circulation (endemic) and 15 villages without known circulation (nonendemic) by cluster sampling with probability proportional to livestock population size. We collected whole blood samples from 521 sheep and 454 cattle from randomly selected households within each village and collected ticks found on the animals. We tested livestock blood for CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA; ticks were screened for CCHFV RNA by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and CCHFV antigen by antigen-capture ELISA. We administered questionnaires covering animal demographics and livestock herd characteristics to an adult in each selected household. Overall weighted seroprevalence was 5.7% (95% CI: 3.1, 10.3) among sheep and 22.5% (95% CI: 15.8, 31.2) among cattle. CCHFV-positive tick pools were found on two sheep (2.4%, 95% CI: 0.6, 9.5) and three cattle (3.8%, 95% CI: 1.2, 11.5); three CCHFV-positive tick pools were found in nonendemic villages. Endemic villages reported higher seroprevalence among sheep (15.5% versus 2.8%, P < 0.001) but not cattle (25.9% versus 20.1%, P = 0.42). Findings suggest that the current village classification scheme may not reflect the geographic distribution of CCHFV in Zhambyl and underscore that public health measures must address the risk of CCHF even in areas without a known history of circulation.
Calidad de vida laboral en empleados de una empresa distribuidora de bebidas de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Rojas-Torres Andrea Carolina , Tiga-Loza Diana Carolina , Bello-Pinto Wilber 
Published: April 2022

Introducción: Es deber de las organizaciones preocuparse por el bienestar físico, mental y social de los trabajadores. Evaluar la calidad de vida laboral puede indicar cómo el empleo cubre las necesidades de seguridad, satisfacción, bienestar y desarrollo personal/laboral del trabajador.
Método: estudio transversal en 122 trabajadores con labores de conducción de vehículos, cargue/descargue, entrega/recepción de mercancía y dinero, seleccionados a conveniencia en una empresa distribuidora de bebidas. La calidad de vida laboral se evaluó mediante CVT-GOHISALO y se exploró su relación con variables sociodemográficas y laborales.
Resultados: se encontró un alto nivel de satisfacción en el soporte institucional para el trabajo y la seguridad en el trabajo, un nivel medio en la integración al puesto y el desarrollo personal, un nivel bajo en la satisfacción a través del trabajo y un nivel de satisfacción en riesgo en el bienestar logrado y la administración del tiempo libre. La calidad de vida laboral se relacionó con el número de horas y días trabajados, también con la antigüedad en las dimensiones de integración al puesto y seguridad en el trabajo; el nivel educativo, la jornada laboral, las pausas activas y el cargo se relacionaron con todas las dimensiones excepto con soporte institucional y administración del tiempo libre.
Conclusiones: La calidad de vida laboral fue valorada por cómo el empleador brinda los elementos e indicaciones necesarias para realizar el trabajo; pero con deficiencias en el bienestar y el manejo del tiempo. La calidad de vida fue más baja en trabajadores con secundaria, que laboran más días/horas y en la jornada diurna, tienen mayor antigüedad, son conductores y no realizan pausas activas.