bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion in the regulation of lipolysis in fasting humans
Authors: Goldenberg N. , Horowitz J. F. , Gorgey A. , Sakharova A. , Barkan A. L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The increase in growth hormone (GH) secretion during a prolonged fast stimulates lipolytic rate, thereby augmenting the mobilization of endogenous energy at a time when fuel availability is very low.

Study aim
To identify the specific component of GH secretory pattern responsible for the stimulation of lipolytic rate during fasting in humans.

Study protocol
We measured lipolytic rate (using stable isotope dilution technique) after an overnight fast in 15 young, healthy, non-obese subjects (11 men and 4 women), and again on four separate occasions after a 59 h fast. These four prolonged fasting trials differed only by the contents of an infusion solution provided throughout the 59 h fasting period. Subjects were infused either with normal saline (“Control”; n = 15) or with graded doses of a GH Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist (GHRHa):10 μg/kg/h (“High”; n = 15), 1 μg /kg/h (“Medium”; n = 8), or 0.5 μg /kg/h (“Low”; n = 6).

Results
As expected, the 59 h fast completely suppressed plasma insulin levels and markedly increased endogenous GH concentrations (12 h vs 59 h Fast; p = 0.0044). Administration of GHRHa induced dose-dependent reduction in GH concentrations in response to the 59 h fast (p < 0.05). We found a strong correlation between the rate of lipolysis and GH mean peak amplitude (R = 0.471; p = 0.0019), and total GH pulse area under the curve (AUC) (R = 0.49; p = 0.0015), but not the GH peak frequency (R = 0.044; p = 0.8) or interpulse GH concentrations (R = 0.25; p = 0.115).

Conclusion
During prolonged fasting (i.e., 2–3 days), when insulin secretion is abolished, the pulsatile component of GH secretion becomes a key metabolic regulator of the increase in lipolytic rate.
Impact of extent of resection of newly diagnosed glioblastomas on survival: a meta-analysis
Authors: AbdelFatah Mohamed A. R. , Kotb Ali , Said Mohamed Ahmed , Abouelmaaty Emad M. H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Because of the continuing practice variation regarding the extent of glioblastoma (GBM) resection, we sought to systematically examine the recent literature to evaluate the impact of the extent of resection of primary GBM on patients’ survival.

Main body of the abstract
We examined all the published studies from January 2009 to January 2020 concerning primary glioblastoma resection and survival. The data synthesis was performed using the random-effects model in Review Manager (version 5.3; Cochrane Collaboration). Eight studies met our selection criteria. The included studies involved a total of 2249 patients. A total of 1247 patients underwent gross total resection (GTR) of the GBM, and 1002 experienced an incomplete resection. The mean progression-free survival for GTR versus incomplete resection was 10 versus 6.3 months, and the mean overall survival (GTR vs. incomplete resection) was 28.7 versus 13.5 months. Using the random-effects model, the outcome results revealed that GTR was insignificantly different than incomplete resection on survival among the included cases (P value: 0.47). The quality of evidence of the available studies was of low certainty.

Conclusion
The outcome results revealed that gross total resection was insignificantly different than incomplete resection on survival among the included cases (P value: 0.47). However, the quality of evidence of the available studies was of low certainty. Additionally, no data on patients’ quality of life were reported across the included studies. Thus, prospective randomized controlled trials are required to investigate both the safety and the survival benefit of GTR of glioblastoma.
The implication of adenosine receptor expression in prediction of methotrexate clinical response in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Darwish Nivine Fathi , Tabra Samar Abd Alhamed , Baiomy Nivin Naeem , Mahmoud Heba A. , Mariah Reham A. , Hablas Shymaa Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdenosine signaling is now an accepted explanation for the therapeutic mechanism of Methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Adenosine receptors categorized into four subclasses: adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), adenosine 2a receptor (ADORA2a), adenosine 2b receptor (ADORA2B), and adenosine 3 receptor (ADORA3). Our aim is to check the mRNA expression of two adenosine receptors; ADORA2a and ADORA3 in whole blood cell of RA patients and its relation in prediction of MTX clinical response in Egyptian patients.ResultsThere was significant correlation between both ADORA2a and ADORA3 gene expression in RA patients as compared with healthy controls. The expression of ADORA2a and ADORA3 was increased in good and moderate response groups compared to no response group. There was significant correlation between both genes in mRNA expression before and after MTX treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) concentration was significantly decreased after treatment in good and moderate response groups in comparison to non-responder group.ConclusionThe inflammatory and clinical responses in RA patients which is demonstrated by DAS28 and suppression of MMP3 were regulated by ADORA2a and ADORA3. Their level of expression can predict MTX response and their agonists may offer a novel and effective therapeutic option for RA patients.
A New Scoring Model to Diagnose COVID-19 Using Lung Ultrasound in the Emergency Department
Authors: Eltahlawi Mohammad , Roshdy Hesham , Walaa Mohammad , Manthou Panagiota , Garaygordobil Diego Araiza , Elshabrawy Mohammad , Elkholy Mohamed , Basha Mohammad Abdelkhalek , Tharwat Marwa , Mansour Waleed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reported the predictors of the prognosis in COVID-19 patients; however, smoking, X-ray findings of pulmonary congestion, and A-profile and areas of consolidation in LUS are independent predictors for COVID-19 infection. The new score had a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 58% for the prediction of COVID-19. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is significantly correlated with age, fever duration, cardiac history, and B-profile and areas of consolidation in LUS. However, it is negatively correlated with initial O2saturation and ejection fraction. This study aimed to design a new scoring model to diagnose COVID-19 using bedside lung ultrasound (LUS) in the emergency department (ED).ResultsEighty-two patients were recruited. Fifty patients (61%) were negative for COVID-19, and 32 (39%) were positive. Sixty-four patients (78%) recovered while 18 patients (22%) died. COVID-19 patients had more AB-profile and more areas of consolidation than the non-COVID-19 group (p<0.001). Smoking, congestion in X-ray, A-profile, and abnormal A line in LUS are independent predictors for COVID-19 infection. The score had a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 58% for the prediction of COVID-19. Mortality in COVID-19 patients is significantly correlated with age, fever duration, cardiac history, and B-profile and areas of consolidation in LUS. However, it is negatively correlated with initial O2saturation and ejection fraction.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the application of our new score can stratify patients presented to ED with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia, considering that it is a good negative test. Moreover, this score may have a good impact on the safety of medical personnel.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT05077202. Registered October 14, 2021 - Retrospectively registered,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05077202
Public green space quantity and distribution in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Aly Dalia , Dimitrijevic Branka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGreen spaces are recognised as an important contributor in enhancing the quality of urban life. Many cities are now working on preserving and increasing their green spaces as a part of their sustainable development plans. Unfortunately, green spaces in Cairo are currently being marginalised and the city has been losing significant quantities of its already limited green spaces in favour of other developmental projects. This article analyses the quantities and distribution of existing green spaces in Cairo using official numerical data. The results show recent changes that happened between the years 2017 and 2020. The focus is on public green spaces: amenity green spaces between residential blocks, street green spaces, plant nurseries under public management and public parks. Finally, the trend of disappearing green spaces in Cairo is discussed. The discussion extends the comparison to include data from the years 2000 and 2006 to demonstrate the rapid changes happening in Cairo that are altering the city and affecting many of its residents. The problem of lack of data about green spaces is also examined in the discussion. Documenting green spaces areas and distribution in Cairo is important because no recent published data are available for decision-makers, researchers and planners. Data is also scattered between different sources because of the division of management responsibilities between different public agencies. A larger-scale project is required to accurately survey all green spaces in Cairo and create a comprehensive publicly accessible geographical database that documents all their types, quantities and distribution.
Gender differences in quality of life and the course of schizophrenia: national study
Authors: Rotstein Anat , Shadmi Efrat , Roe David , Gelkopf Marc , Levine Stephen Z. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundEvidence from various sources suggests that females with schizophrenia tend to report lower quality of life than males with schizophrenia despite having a less severe course of the disorder. However, studies have not examined this directly.AimsTo examine gender differences in the association between quality of life and the risk of subsequent psychiatric hospital admissions in a national sample with schizophrenia.MethodThe sample consisted of 989 (60.90%) males and 635 (39.10%) females with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia. Quality of life was assessed and scored using the Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life. The course of schizophrenia was assessed from the number of psychiatric hospital admissions. Participants completed the quality of life assessment and were then followed up for 18-months for subsequent psychiatric admissions. Hazard ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated unadjusted and adjusted for covariates (age at schizophrenia onset and birth year). Analyses were computed for males and females separately, as well as for the entire cohort.ResultsA subsample of 93 males and 55 females was admitted to a psychiatric hospital during follow-up. Higher quality of life scores were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with a reduced risk of subsequent admissions among males (unadjusted: HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99; adjusted HR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99) but not among females (unadjusted: HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.93–1.02; adjusted HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.93–1.02).ConclusionsQuality of life in schizophrenia is a gender-specific construct and should be considered as such in clinical practice and future research.
Policy Brief 1: Can a behavioural approach help fight corruption?
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia 
Published: February 2022

This Policy Brief summarises the lessons learned from a systematic literature review that explored the feasibility of adopting a behavioural approach to address petty corruption.
The findings point to the importance of developing messages that challenge conventional wisdom about the inevitability of corruption, emphasising the costs of corruption to the welfare of individuals as well as showcasing examples of successful detection and punishment of crimes of corruption.
Accounting for prevailing social norms and beliefs is also key because otherwise anti-corruption interventions may disseminate concepts and promote actions that fail to deliver the desired messages to their intended beneficiaries.
Policy Brief 6: Bringing intelligence and social network analysis together to fight illegal wildlife trade
Authors: Costa Jacopo 
Published: February 2022

This policy brief explains how intelligence practitioners within law enforcement authorities and researchers skilled in social network analysis (SNA) can and should cooperate better in the fight against illegal wildlife trade (IWT).
Intelligence data are crucial for SNA researchers to conduct empirical analysis of illicit activities and dark networks. In turn, these research results can fruitfully feed back into investigations and further intelligence work. The combined effect of research and intelligence can have positive effects on the fight against IWT, and these effects are larger than the simple sum of their components.
Policymakers and stakeholders who wish to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the fight against IWT and other environmental crimes are advised to promote the systematic cooperation between intelligence practitioners and researchers, in a way that both communities can maximise the benefits of this synergetic strategy.
This report was funded by PMI IMPACT, a grant award initiative of Philip Morris International (PMI). In the performance of their research, the authors maintained full independence from PMI. The views and opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of PMI. Neither PMI, nor any of its affiliates, nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein.
Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia
Authors: Raza’i Tengku Said , Thamrin . , Nofrizal . , Amrifo Viktor , Pardi Hilfi , Pangestiansyah Putra Imam , Febrianto Try , Fadhli Ilhamdy Aidil 
Published: February 2022

Background: Heavy metals are materials naturally occurring in nature and increase with a rise in human activity. Ex-mining areas and domestic waste from human settlements are sources of heavy metal contamination that enter and pollute water, which then accumulates in various organisms including the Caulerpa racemosa community. The accumulation of heavy metals in C. racemosa has a wide impact on the food chain in aquatic ecosystems and humans because this alga is a consumptive commodity. Methods: Sampling of C. racemosa was carried out at seven sites on Bintan Island, Indonesia covering the eastern (Teluk Bakau, Beralas Pasir, Malang Rapat), northern (Berakit and Pengudang), western (Sakera), and southern parts (Tg. Siambang). Sampling was carried out during different monsoons, and heavy metals in water and sediment samples were measured to determine the heavy metal concentration. Heavy metals were analyzed by a spectrophotometric method using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results: The results showed that heavy metal concentrations fluctuate according to changes in the wind season, which carry currents and spread pollutants into the water. The concentration of metal in the water is also from anthropogenic activities. The heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in C. racemosa is high in locations close to settlements. Meanwhile, in seawater samples, Fe and Zn metals have the highest concentrations compared to others. Conclusions: Ex-bauxite mines are a source of Fe and Zn metal contamination in the environment, especially at Tg. Siambang. The levels of these heavy metals in the sediment are also high, as surface particle deposits accumulate at the bottom of the sediment. In general, the levels of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Zn increase in the northern monsoon because the dynamics of the water transport greater heavy metal pollution.
The cocktail infection: anaerobic and aerobic co-Infections in tubercular vertebral osteomyelitis
Authors: Bhat Shyamasunder N , Kundangar Raghuraj , Ampar Nishanth , Sait Anika , Shenoy Padmaja Ananth , Sukumar Cynthia Amrutha , Saravu Kavitha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Anaerobic organisms have been known to have an association with dental infections, bacteremia, endocarditis and soft tissue infections. However, anaerobic isolation from bone and joint infections are relatively rare. Sparse literature has been found on reports of anaerobic osteomyelitis. There is no literature reported on anaerobic osteomyelitis complicating Tuberculosis of spine. Case Report: We report two cases of tuberculosis of spine complicated by aerobic and anerobic infections. The first is a case of a young female who presented with chronic lower backache and fever. Examination revealed a lumbar scoliosis with paraspinal tenderness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed lumbar spondylodiscitis with multiple abscesses. There were air-fluid levels noted in the abscesses. The pus sent for CBNAAT (cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test) was positive. Further the cultures also grew Escherichia coli (aerobic) Bacteroids fragilis and Peptoniphilus asachrolyticus (anaerobic) organisms. She improved with a course of intravenous antibiotics and decompression surgery. The second case is a middle aged man who presented with chronic neck pain and fever. Examination revealed kyphosis of the neck with spasm of the neck muscles and midline tenderness. MRI showed C4-5 cervical spondylodiscitis with parapharyngeal collections showing air-fluid levels. The pus culture showed Streptococcus constellatus (aerobic) and Prevotella sps. (anaerobic). The CBNAAT report was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics and cervical decompression. Conclusion: Though tubercular vertebral osteomyelitis (TVO) is usually a diagnosis in itself, it should not hinder us from considering secondary infections (both aerobic and anaerobic) complicating the osteomyelitis. Further, the presence of air-fluid levels on imaging studies and the presence of foul smell during operative exploration of the spine must arouse the suspicion of an anaerobic co-infection. Isolation and treatment of these organisms are crucial as they may hamper the clinical outcome of the primary TVO.
On the Character of Georgian Verse
Authors: Lomidze Tamar 
Published: February 2022

Research on the character of Georgian verse started in 1731. Since that time, some researchers have described Georgian verse as syllabic, while others have said that it is syllabotonic. The dispute about the character of Georgian verse became particularly acute in the 20th century. The main text the participants in the dispute analysed was a prominent piece of Georgian poetry of the 12th century – The Knight in the Panther’s Skin by Shota Rustaveli. It consists of 16-syllable monorhymical quatrains that have a special name in Georgian – shairi. There are two varieties of shairi – the so-called high shairi (4 4 4 4) and low shairi (5 3 5 3). The high shairi was the main issue of the dispute. The researchers who regarded Georgian verse as belonging to the syllabotonic system divided high shairi into trochaic feet, while the supporters of the syllabic theory denied the presence of metric trochaic stress in high shairi, believing that the penultimate syllables can be stressed only in two-syllable words but not in words with multiple syllables (due to the dactylic accentuation typical in the modern Georgian language).
Since natural dactylic stress (found in low shairi) reflects the accentuation norms of the language of the later period (including those of modern Georgian), we assume that metric stress in high shairi, which is no longer found in modern Georgian speech, could be a reflection of the natural accentuation of the comparatively earlier period in the development of the Georgian language. Checking this hypothesis by relying on relevant linguistic literature, we reconstructed the archaic movable and phonologically relevant stress in the rhymed words in The Knight in the Panther’s Skin. We found that metric stresses of both high and low shairi in this epic poem are actually archaic linguistic stresses. This conclusion differs from the views expressed in concepts developed earlier. It enables us to take a fresh look at the metrics and rhymes of The Knight in the Panther’s Skin as well as the main principles and specific features of Georgian verse in general.
ETHNOMONITORING OF THE PERCEPTION OF MIGRANTS IN THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION
Authors: Titova Ekaterina V. , Landik Larisa P. 
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the perception of migrants by the local society. The main empirical material is a sociological survey conducted by the authors of the study among the host population of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The article is devoted to topical issues of ethnocultural adaptation, which is noted as a two-way process - that is, the involvement in this process both, and migrants and local residents. The interrelation of immigrants with the ethnocultural situation in the region is noted. The article identifies two main aspects in the interaction of the host community with migrants: the first is directed to developing and maintaining relationships, the second is the position of preserving ethnocultural security, associated with limiting the influx, primarily of labor migrants into the region. The development of peaceful coexistence of people of different confessions and ethnic groups in the context of modern globalization will be the fundamental concept for calling upon equality of all cultures, which have the same right to development. To search for and collect the necessary research material, the following methods of field work were used: interviewing respondents, observation. Theoretical methods: historical-comparative, historical-systemic, cross-cultural, systemic analysis. Scientific novelty consists in a comprehensive analysis of new field data, namely, the features of the construction of the image of the host community by migrants are highlighted on the basis of regional ethnomonitoring. The scientific idea is substantiated by the need to ensure the national security of modern Russia, to solve the problems of interethnic communication, tensions in the field of interethnic relations.