bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study of Periprosthetic Hip Infection Treated by one-stage Method Including Cases With Bone Graft Reconstruction
Authors: Unfried Ricardo Issler , Krause Luciana Maria Fontanari , Cezimbra Helen Minussi , Pacheco Liliane Souto , Larangeira João Alberto , Ribeiro Tiango Aguiar 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication that can affect hip arthroplasty. Its treatment is extremely difficult, and issues regarding the optimal treatment remain unanswered. This study intended to show the effectiveness of the one-stage treatment of PJI. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study performed from July 2014- August 2018. All patients with suspected PJI were included. Major and minor criteria developed by the International Consensus on Periprosthetic Joint Infection (ICPJI) was used to define infection. Laboratory tests and image exams were performed, and all patients were followed for at least 2 years. Outcomes: Success rate (2018 ICPJI definition to success) in treatment of PJI using one-stage revision method. Clinical and functional outcomes defined by Harris Hip Score (HHS). Results: Thirty-one patients were screened and 18 analyzed. 69.85 ± 9.76 years was the mean age. Mean follow-up time was 63.84 ± 18.55 months. Ten patients had acetabular defects and required bone graft reconstruction. Sixteen patients were classified as Tier 1, 1 as Tier 3D, and as 1 Tier 3E. Almost 90% of patients submitted to one-stage revision with acetabulum graft reconstruction were free of infection. The overall infection survival rate was 78.31±6.34 months. Candida albicans and sinus tract were statistically significant in univariate Cox’s analysis. The predictor of one-stage revision surgery failure that remained final Cox’s regression model was C. albicans (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.47). Conclusion: Treatment through one-stage revision surgery associated with 6 months of antimicrobial is a viable option with acceptable results even when bone graft reconstruction is necessary. C. albicans was a strong predictor of failure in this cohort.
Special Issue Introduction: Politicizing agency in digital play after humanism
Authors: Chia Aleena , Ruffino Paolo 
Published: May 2022

Although digital games offer pleasures of causal clarity – and moral order – much remains unresolved in their texts, paratexts, and practices. The worldly coherence and agential harmony of digital games are not innocent. They cultivate modes of subjectivity in game culture that vindicate masculinist, colonial, and extractivist ways of being in the world. At the same time, games are used by developers, players, and streamers to wrestle with the limits and complicities of human agency, where stories find no closure and things do not add up. This special issue begins at these rough edges and loose ends to examine the ruptures and residues of agency as a liberal humanist ideology that is crystallized and critiqued by digital play and game making. Drawing from critical posthumanism’s problematization of agency, the articles collected here explore digital play’s mediation of heroism and authoritarianism, contagion and ableism, automatism and creativity. These critical explorations signal a shift in conceptualizations of agency away from agency as a quality afforded in the closed circuit of game and player by building on understandings of play as assemblages co-constituted by players, platforms, and institutions. Instead of agentic qualities, these articles collectively emphasize the plurality of ‘agentic modalities’ that are unevenly interwoven from player interpretations, platform infrastructures, game designs, and developer software tools. This issue’s focus on agency’s modalities instead of substance contributes to the ongoing shift in games research away from the analysis of structural properties of game systems. Instead, this special issue presents contextualized case studies that foreground performances of livability through modalities at and beyond the margins of the agentic frame. Our contribution to these debates lies in this special issue’s collective critique of this agentic frame and its liberal humanism by grounding posthuman theorizations vis-à-vis positionalities of race, class, gender, sexuality, and ability.
Social workers’ challenges in working with deaf bedouin service users
Authors: Alhuzail Nuzha Allassad , Levinger Miriam 
Published: May 2022

Summary Arab-Bedouins, a minority in Israel, have a higher incidence of deafness than that reported for other populations. They also have a high incidence of familial deafness, which poses lifelong challenges to the family and requires an intensive array of treatment and familial organization, as well as the use of many, varied sociomedical and rehabilitative services. Most of Israel’s Arab-Bedouins live in the Negev desert region, where the social context of deaf people is particularly challenging. The reasons include the very limited access to information and services within the community and a lack of transportation nearby. This study of 18 social workers who provide services to deaf Arab-Bedouins used a qualitative methodology in the phenomenological tradition—underlying which is the attempt to understand the experience of the participants and the challenges they face—and thematic analysis. Findings We found challenges in two main areas: the unique characteristics of the recipients and the social and communal ramifications of deafness. Service users of different age groups and genders had unique problems. The social workers’ lack of sign language was the main obstacle to assessing problems, proposing solutions, and maintaining contact, and it made them feel inadequate. Applications The article suggests that implementing the person-in-environment (PIE) approach, including interventions of policy practices, may contribute to more effective coping by social workers with the professional challenges in the two selected areas. This principle is applicable to work with deaf members of any minority.
Precise damage shaping in self-sensing composites using electrical impedance tomography and genetic algorithms
Authors: Hassan Hashim , Tallman Tyler N 
Published: May 2022

Fiber-reinforced composites with nanofiller-modified polymer matrices have immense potential to improve the safety of high-risk engineering structures. These materials are intrinsically self-sensing because their electrical conductivity is affected by deformations and damage. This property, known as piezoresistivity, has been extensively leveraged for conductivity-based damage detection via electrical resistance change methods and tomographic imaging techniques such as electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Although these techniques are very effective at detecting the presence of damage, they suffer from an inability to provide precise information about damage shape, size, or mechanism. This is particularly detrimental for laminated composites which can suffer from complex failure modes, such as delaminations, that are difficult to detect. To that end, we herein propose a new technique for precisely determining damage shape and size in self-sensing composites. Our technique makes use of a genetic algorithm (GA) integrated with realistic physics-based damage models to recover precise damage shape from conductivity changes imaged via EIT. We experimentally validate this technique on carbon nanofiber (CNF)-modified glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates by considering two specific damage mechanisms: through-holes (as a function of number, size, and location) and impact-induced delaminations (as a function of impact energy). Our results show that this novel technique can accurately reconstruct multiple through-holes with radii as small as 1.19 mm and delaminations caused by low velocity impacts. The reconstructed delamination shapes and sizes were shown to be in much better agreement with the actual delaminations observed using optical microscopy than is achievable by traditional EIT alone. These findings illustrate that coupling piezoresistivity with conductivity-based spatial imaging techniques and physics-based inversion strategies can enable damage shaping capabilities in self-sensing composite structures.
Efficacy and Safety of Absorb Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Single-Arm Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Weijian , Tan Jinyun , Li Lingyu , Feng Boxuan , Shi Weihao , Pei Jia , Yuan Guangyin , Yu Bo 
Published: May 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the benefits and risks of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) treated with Absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) by analyzing all the published studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with PAD. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Efficacy, safety, and basic characteristics were analyzed. Results: Four studies were included in meta-analysis, including a total number of 155 patients with PAD. The pooled overall primary patency, freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), symptom resolution, and wound healing were 90%, 96%, 94%, and 86%, respectively. The pooled perioperative complication and all-cause mortality were 4% and 9%, respectively. Preoperative total occlusion was detected in 43 of 192 lesions (22%). The mean lesion length was 27.26 mm. In terms of comorbidities, the pooled percentage of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease history, and smoking were 65%, 74%, 49%, 43%, 20%, and 57%, respectively. Conclusion: Among these studies, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities in patients with PAD. The Absorb everolimus-eluting BVS was safe and showed the favorable clinical outcomes in both patency and TLR, especially in infrapopliteal disease with heavy calcification. The conclusions of this meta-analysis still needed to be verified by more relevant studies with more careful design, more rigorous execution, and larger sample size.
Measuring and modeling the effect of density and pile height on sound absorption of double base Persian rug
Authors: Ardekani Touba , Alamdar Yazdi Aliasghar , Vadood Morteza , Garai Massimo 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of density and pile height on sound absorption coefficient in Double Base Persian (DBP) rug and possibility of prediction the acoustic behavior of DBP rug using the mathematical model. For this aim, in the first step, three double base rug samples were produced at different base densities (2, 4, and 6 warp yarn/cm) and the sound absorption coefficient of samples was measured with Impedance tube in two thicknesses (15 & 13 mm) to study the pile height effect. Moreover, the sound absorption of the double base zone was also measured by shaving off the pile from the double base rug samples. Three rug samples at different base densities were produced with very thin warp and weft yarns to avoid the base effect in this sample. Besides, the macroscopic empirical model (Johnson–Champoux–Allard (JCA)) was implemented on obtained data. The results showed that the sound absorption of the double base rug samples increases with increasing the pile height and base density. The role of the base zone in the sound absorption of the rug is bolder than the pile zone. What leads to improve the rug sound absorption by increasing density is increasing the sound absorption of base zone and the pile density changes do not play a major role in increasing the rug sound absorption. In addition, by assuming DBP rugs as a two-layer porous (pile + base zone) absorber, JCA model shows a good consistency with experimental data.
Approach to tortuous vena saphena magna with insufficiency: Foam scleroterapy
Authors: Karacalilar Mehmet , Kutas Huseyin B 
Published: May 2022

Objective This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of tortuous Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) insufficiency. Methods In this prospective non-randomized study 62 patients with tortuous GSV insufficiency were included. All patients were delivered sclerosant agent in the form of foam into the GSV through a cannula above the knee level. Characteristics of patients, diameter of veins, reflux grades, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, Pathological (CEAP) scores, concentration of sclerosant agent, complications and follow-up results were recorded. Results Foam sclerotheraphy was performed with 100% technical success in all patients at operative room. There were no allergic reactions or neurological complications during and after the operations. Ecchymosis was the most common complication with 37.1% frequency. . VCSS scores significantly decreased from 6.43% to 2.53%, during follow-up from initial admission to sixth months, respectively ( P<0.05).In the first month parameters, successful occlusion rate was 88.7%, whereas its rate was 82.3% in sixth month. Recanalization rate significantly increased from 11.3% to 17.7% during follow-up from first to sixth months, respectively ( P<0.05). Conclusions Due to its low complication rate, low cost, acceptable total occlusion rate and reproducibility; Foam sclerotherapy can be considered a reliable treatment for patients with tortuous GSV insufficiency.
The impact of frailty on death, discharge destination and modelling accuracy in patients receiving organ support on the intensive care unit
Authors: Georgiou Andy , Turner Nicholas , Serrano Ruiz Alfredo , Wadman Harry , Saunsbury Emma , Laver Stephen , Maybin Rob 
Published: May 2022

Background This study aims to identify any effect of frailty in altering the risk of death or poor outcome already associated with receipt of organ support on ICU. It also aims to assess the performance of mortality prediction models in frail patients. Methods All admissions to a single ICU over 1-year were prospectively allocated a Clinical Frailty Score (CFS). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of frailty on death or poor outcome (death/discharge to a medical facility). Logistic regression analysis, area under the Receiver Operator Curve (AUROC) and Brier scores were used to investigate the ability of two mortality prediction models, ICNARC and APACHE II, to predict mortality in frail patients. Results Of 849 patients, 700 (82%) patients were not frail, and 149 (18%) were frail. Frailty was associated with a stepwise increase in the odds of death or poor outcome (OR for each point rise of CFS = 1.23 ([1.03–1.47]; p = .024) and 1.32 ([1.17–1.48]; p = <.001) respectively). Renal support conferred the greatest odds of death and poor outcome, followed by respiratory support, then cardiovascular support (which increased the odds of death but not poor outcome). Frailty did not modify the odds already associated with organ support. The mortality prediction models were not modified by frailty (AUROC p = .220 and .437 respectively). Inclusion of frailty into both models improved their accuracy. Conclusions Frailty was associated with increased odds of death and poor outcome, but did not modify the risk already associated with organ support. Inclusion of frailty improved mortality prediction models.
Relationships between throwing mechanics and shoulder anterior force in high school and professional baseball pitchers
Authors: Manzi Joseph E , Nicholson Allen , Dowling Brittany , Black Grant G , Krichevsky Spencer , Quan Theodore , Moran Jay , Kunze Kyle N , Dines Joshua S 
Published: May 2022

Background Excessive shoulder anterior force has been implicated in pathology of the rotator cuff in little league and professional baseball pitchers; in particular, anterior laxity, posterior stiffness, and glenohumeral joint impingement. Distinctly characterized motions associated with excessive shoulder anterior force remain poorly understood. Methods High school and professional pitchers were instructed to throw fastballs while being evaluated with 3D motion capture (480 Hz). A supplementary random forest model was designed and implemented to identify the most important features for regressing to shoulder anterior force, with subsequent standardized regression coefficients to quantify directionality. Results 130 high school pitchers (16.3 ± 1.2 yrs; 179.9 ± 7.7 cm; 74.5 ± 12.0 kg) and 322 professionals (21.9 ± 2.1 yrs; 189.7 ± 5.7 cm; 94.8 ± 9.5 kg) were included. Random forest models determined nearly all the variance for professional pitchers (R2 = 0.96), and less than half for high school pitchers (R2 = 0.41). Important predictors of shoulder anterior force in high school pitchers included: trunk flexion at maximum shoulder external rotation (MER) (X.IncMSE = 2.4, β = −0.23, p < 0.001), shoulder external rotation at ball release (BR)(X.IncMSE = 1.7, β = −0.34, p < 0.001), and shoulder abduction at BR (X.IncMSE = 3.1, β = 0.17, p < 0.001). In professional pitchers, shoulder horizontal adduction at foot contact (FC) was the highest predictor (X.IncMSE = 13.9, β = 0.50, p < 0.001), followed by shoulder external rotation at FC (X.IncMSE = 3.6, β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and maximum elbow extension velocity (X.IncMSE = 8.5, β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusion A random forest model successfully selected a subset of features that accounted for the majority of variance in shoulder anterior force for professional pitchers; however, less than half of the variance was accounted for in high school pitchers. Temporal and kinematic movements at the shoulder were prominent predictors of shoulder anterior force for both groups. Clinical relevance : Our statistical model successfully identified a combination of features with the ability to adequately explain the majority of variance in anterior shoulder force among high school and professional pitchers. To minimize shoulder anterior force, high school pitchers should emphasize decreased shoulder abduction at BR, while professionals can decrease shoulder horizontal adduction at FC.
Supporting infants and toddlers in low socio-economic early childhood settings in Australia
Authors: Davis Belinda , Dunn Rosemary 
Published: May 2022

Research shows that high quality programs can support positive outcomes for all children, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Little research has examined the perspectives of directors working with infants and toddlers in families who are experiencing low socio-economic status (SES) in early childhood settings. This qualitative research addresses this gap by exploring directors’ understandings of inclusion relating to the needs of low SES children under 3 years and their families in the ECEC context. Qvortrup and Qvortrup’s (2018) lens of inclusion was used to analyse (a) the conceptualisation of inclusion held by the directors interviewed for this project and (b) what aspects of inclusion directors were able to influence. Findings showed that directors’ understandings were multidimensional, involving a combination of professional and contextual concerns. This paper discusses implications for working with infants and toddlers from low SES families.
The Physiological Effects of Face Masks During Exercise Worn Due to COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Asín-Izquierdo Iván , Ruiz-Ranz Eva , Arévalo-Baeza Marta 
Published: May 2022

Context: Use of face masks in sport has been a particularly complex issue during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: A systematic review to examine the physiological effects the different types of masks have on healthy adults when doing physical exercise. Data sources: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Litcovid were searched up to March 20, 2021, following the PRISMA model. Articles published in the last 5 years with healthy adults. Study Selection: A total of 633 studies related to the use of masks during physical exercise were found, of which 8 articles met the criteria to be included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Data Extraction: The search process and the review of the articles were carried out by independent expert researchers. The risk of bias and the methodological quality of the different studies included in the systematic review were calculated following the Cochrane criteria using an adaptation for random cross-studies. Once the information was properly structured, the results were extracted, and the findings of the study analyzed. Results: There were significant changes in the following physiological variables when engaging in physical exercise using masks: 25% in the heart rate and dyspnea, 37.5% in the rating of perceived exertion, 50% in the pulmonary variables, and 37.5% in discomfort. The oxygen saturation, blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and the concentration of blood lactate did not present any significant effect in this study. Conclusion: The usage of masks by a healthy adult population during the performance of physical exercise has shown minimal effects with regard to physiological, cardiorespiratory, and perceived responses. Some symptoms can be dyspnea, effort perceived, or discomfort, among others. These findings indicate that the use of masks is not harmful to individuals’ health. It does not present any significant detrimental effect on physical performance or risk to their well-being. However, further experiments are required to corroborate the findings of this review.
Web Browsing: High-Speed Diagnosis and Treatment of Carotid Artery Web
Authors: Schutt Charles DeMello , Pesquera Jorge J. , Renati Swetha , Kaplan Daniel J. , Mokin Maxim , Rose David Z. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Although carotid artery web (CaW) was initially described in 1973 as a potential etiology of ischemic stroke, it still remains underrecognized. Because CaW is a membrane affixed perpendicularly from the carotid wall that projects out into the lumen above the bifurcation, it typically is not stenotic, and hence, utilizing only 1 vessel imaging modality during conventional stroke workup may instead lead to a diagnosis of ESUS: embolic stroke of undetermined source. The term ESUS was created in 2014 by researchers to define a subset of cryptogenic, nonlacunar (embolic-appearing) strokes without clear cardiac or vascular cause. Purpose: In this review, we describe how, after multiple evaluations of vessels, CaW was diagnosed in relatively young patients (age 39-47 years old, without significant vascular risk factors) in whom otherwise were considered embolic stroke of undetermined source. This observation dovetails with the accompanying Neurohospitalist article entitled, “Delayed Thrombus Formation on Carotid Web and Its Medical and Endovascular Management for Secondary Stroke Prevention.” Research Design: Not applicable. Case review. Results/Conclusion: This report demonstrates the futility of antiplatelet therapy for a young patient with CaW-related stroke. Based on these collective experiences and review of the literature, we postulate that: (1) multiple vascular imaging modalities during stroke workup may result in a CaW diagnosis instead of ESUS; (2) young stroke patients without traditional vascular risk factors are candidates for this “web browsing” of extended imaging of vessels; and (3) carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may be preferred as first-line over medical therapy alone (ie, antiplatelet or anticoagulation) because CEA/CAS addresses the stroke etiology, CaW, definitively.