bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the W/Y2O3 heterogeneous interface properties and its effect on hydrogen behavior using first-principles calculations
Authors: Wen ShuLong , Zhang XingMing , Deng HuiQiu , Pan Min 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Here, first-principles calculations were employed to study the properties of the W/Y2O3 interface and its effect on H dissolution and migration. Two W/Y2O3 interface structures were selected to investigate the influence of terminal structures and stacking sequences on the interface properties. The Y4O6–W (bridge) and O–W type A terminal interface exhibited the lowest interface energy at the W (110)/Y2O3 (222) interface with the orientation of W (1-10) (

2

2

×
5

)/Y2O3 (2-1-1) (

3

/
2
×

2

) and at the W (200)/Y2O3 (400) interface with the orientation of W (001) (3 × 3)/Y2O3 (001) (1 × 1). The work of adhesion of the O–W type terminal interface is larger than those of the Y–W type and Y
n
O
m
–W terminal interfaces, indicating that the O–W type A terminal interface has the most stable structure. Atomic-bonding analysis confirmed that the W–O bond plays an essential role in stabilizing the interface structure, and the stability improves as the density of the W–O bonds at the interface increases. These conclusions are further verified by charge-density difference calculations, which revealed that strong ionic bonds are formed between the W and O atoms at the W/Y2O3 interface. With regard to the H behavior at the W (200)/Y2O3 (400) interface, the segregation energy confirmed that the interface plays an important role in the segregation of H. The migration energy barrier of interstitial H along the interface is greater than that in the bulk. This means that the interface retains a significant number of injected H atoms, leading to an increase in the local concentration of H atoms at the interface. These results provide theoretical insights into the profound understanding of the interface properties and its effect on H behavior in Y2O3-dispersion-strengthened W.
Raman Spectroscopy Study of Ancient Vaccaei (s. IV-I BC) Glass Beads found at the Necropolis of “Las Ruedas” (Padilla de Duero, Valladolid, Spain)
Authors: Pinto Javier , Barroso-Solares Suset , Souto Jorge , Rodriguez E. , Sanz-Minguez Carlos , Prieto Angel Carmelo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Glass pieces were highly appreciated imported goods in the Protohistory of the Iberian Peninsula. Therefore, these remainings could provide evidence about the commercial or political relationships among contemporary cultures. However, archaeometry studies of glass beads are scarce in the Iberian Peninsula, and their results are difficult to generalize, as the studied glass beads are often found without clear historical context. On the contrary, the archaeological site of Pintia (Padilla de Duero, Valladolid, Spain) have provided about one thousand glass beads in the last decades, being a significant percentage found in well-contextualized closed tombs. Ten representative samples found in closed tombs have been selected in this work to deepen in our knowledge of the Vaccaei culture (IV-I BC). The study of the glass network of these pieces by Raman spectroscopy provided an estimation of the firing temperatures employed to produce such samples, and hence evidenced the technological development required for their production. Also, the combination of the Raman spectroscopy results with elemental analysis by ESEM/EDX narrowed the composition of the glass, as well as the pigments employed to obtain blue, yellow-orange, and green tones. Particularly, the presence of complex pigments such as lead antimoniates (e.g., Naples yellow) was confirmed. Moreover, it was possible to identify the surface degradation processes suffered by these samples. Finally, information about the complex funerary rituals performed by the Vaccaei, involving cremation, was also provided. The evolution of the glass network of glass beads altered by the cremation, evidenced by Raman spectroscopy, narrow the cremation temperature to about 600 °C.
A metabarcoding approach for the study of biodeterioration of ancient wall paintings in an Italian cave
Authors: Cennamo Paola , Luca Daniele De 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCaves represent unique habitats for the development of microbial communities due to particular environmental conditions. Mural paintings occurring in caves suffer from degradation caused by natural processes in which microorganisms are significantly involved. The characterization of the microbial biofilm with non-destructive analysis is important to better preserve and safeguard these artifacts. This study aimed at investigating the microbial communities colonising the frescoes in the Fornelle cave (Calvi Risorta, Caserta, Italy) using a metabarcoding approach. We found a high representation of eubacteria, followed by cyanobacteria, fungi, and microalgae. This study confirmed the potential of non-invasive techniques as DNA metabarcoding as powerful tool for conservation and restoration of artworks.
Towards a catalogue of Sardinian WWII Heritage. The protection of Quartu Sant’Elena and its territory
Authors: Pirinu Andrea , Argiolas Raffaele , Paba Nicola 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The essay shows the results of a research aimed at building a digital database of Sardinian military architectures of Second World War. Following an activity of knowledge and cataloguing entrusted to digital survey methods already employed in other case studies, this contribute analyses the IIWW heritage placed in territory of Quartu Sant’Elena, a centre close to Cagliari in the south coast of the island. Many examples of these “sentinels” are positioned along the coastline and the country road and within the actual urban context; these architectures follow the indication of design models indicated by the archival documents using square and circle shape often modified and adapted to achieve a complete mimesis in the landscape that host them. In our case study we found bunkers that seems little churches, houses and water tanks located in a restricted area close to the Simbirizzi lake, in which an integrated (direct, instrumental, and photogrammetric) survey has been carried out.
Fusion and integration of heterogeneous close range remote sensing and geophysical data. The case of Grumentum.
Authors: Masini N , Sogliani F , Sileo M , Abate N , Danese M , Vitale V , Lasaponara R , Piro S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper deals with the integration and fusion of UAV-based imagery, including Vis-NIR multispectral and infrared thermography data, with georadar and geomagnetic prospecting, applied on Grumentum, pre-Roman and Roman city, with an important phase dated to Late Antiquity, of the ancient Lucania, in Basilicata region. The data were processed individually and then integrated with each other in order to recover as much information as possible from the different signals. Due to the qualitative and quantitative approaches to the integration and fusion of the diverse data sets and features, it was possible to detect some urban blocks (insulae) reasonably referable to the Roman age, although obviously not datable, and other features spatially linked to the late antique/early medieval church. Grumentum’s experience shows considerable potential as well as limits in the use of the image fusion-based approach for the enhancement of archaeological features, from which emerges the need to continue experimenting these approaches on a greater number of case studies.
Terrestrial and UAV based infrared thermography for mapping and investigating the humidity of historical buildings. The case of the Castle in Calvello.
Authors: Abate Nicodemo , Lasaponara Rosa , Masini Nicola 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Humidity is one of the most frequent causes of damage to the architectural heritage. An effective and non-invasive way to detect the presence of humidity and identify the possible causes, from capillary rise to infiltration and condensation, is infrared thermography. The paper shows and describes the results from terrestrial and UAV-based (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) thermography for understanding the cause-effect mechanisms of infiltration humidity in some halls of the castle of Calvello (in Basilicata), some of them characterized by walls paintings. The analysis of the acquired data allowed us to understand the nature of the damage caused by humidity and water infiltration in the castle structures, and to be able to put in place a plan for risk mitigation and damage resolution.
Multi-scale characterisation of late-medieval tournois of Frankish Greece provenance
Authors: Paladini G , Acri G , Caridi F , Crupi V , Faenza P , Majolino D , Venuti V 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn archaeometric investigation on 13 late–medievaltournoiswas here accomplished through a combined approach involving X–ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman techniques. The aim of this study was to determine, starting from the evaluation of the elemental and molecular composition, the raw materials employed for the coin’s alloy and highlight the differences in the coin’s composition according to the location of the original mint and estimated coinage age. The aforementioned aspects not only testify the monetary policy and the political condition of the time, but also would contribute to unambiguously recognize the coin’s original treasury, which is at present an ongoing controversy among the scientific/numismatic community. Finally, the identification of specific minerals by means of Raman spectroscopy allowed us to formulate hypothesis about the state of conservation, and to identify new phases resulting from the soil/burial and climatic environmental coin’s exposition.
A 3D approach to investigate the burials: the virtual reconstruction of tb. 22 of necropolis of Piovego (PD)
Authors: Adesso F , Faresin E , Salemi G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The burials of the necropolis of Piovego (PD) have been subjected in the past years to processual research to reconstruct the post-depositional dynamics, thus providing a two-dimensional reconstruction of the original structure of the graves. The goal of this research is to define a new methodology on burial 22 of the necropolis, to replicate in other archaeological contexts. This new methodology aimed to create morphometrically accurate 3D models with a correct topological relationship between the grave finds and between them and the burial structure. 3D models of both the findings and structural elements of the burial were made from graphic documents with the aid of 3D modelling and 3D scanning techniques. The use of 3D models allowed the development of new hypotheses on the placement of the grave goods and their position within the space available in the burial. Furthermore, the models were useful to measure more accurately the perishable elements and to estimate their shape and position. The digital technologies allowed us to work in a three-dimensional perspective, overcoming the limits of a traditional approach and verifying previous hypotheses on the topology of the burial, such as positioning of the finds and the existence of perishable materials that were not preserved.
Structural feature investigation of wooden artifacts through imaging techniques: a step forward in the preservation of historical musical instruments
Authors: Fiocco G. , Ceccarelli S. , Albano M. , Rovetta T. , Malagodi M. , Orazi N. , Paoloni S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Bowed string instruments represent a peculiar class of artworks, in some cases of historical relevance, capable of producing sound. Concert activity and natural ageing could cause mechanical stress that may lead to defects and fractures. Here, we propose an image-based methodology suitable to investigate such structural features in wooden instruments. The combined use of X-ray radiography and infrared thermography enabled a better identification and documentation of defects, woodworm galleries and cracks, thus enhancing the commonly employed approach.
The study of ancient archaeological finds through X-ray tomography: the case of the “Tintinnabulum” from the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of Torino
Authors: Vigorelli Luisa , Re Alessandro , Guidorzi Laura , Brancaccio Rosa , Bortolin Cristina , Grassi Novella , Mila Giorgia , Pastrone Nadia , Sacchi Roberto , Grassini Sabrina , Mangiapane Gianluigi , Boano Rosa , Giudice Alessandro Lo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is a widely used diagnostic technique in the field of Cultural Heritage and beyond, above all thanks to its non-invasiveness. The high penetrating power of X-rays allows us to investigate the internal structure of the analysed objects, thus obtaining valuable information related to the history of artistic and archaeological finds. In particular, CT provides useful data on the entire volume of the objects, to finally obtain a 3D model of the studied artworks. In this field, the goal of the “neu_ART” project, a collaboration among different institutions in Torino funded by Regione Piemonte in 2010, was to develop radio-tomographic set-ups for X-ray imaging analysis dedicated to Cultural Heritage studies. In this paper, a computed tomography investigation on an ancient ceramic rattle from the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the University of Torino is presented. This is the first analysis carried out at the Physics Department of University of Torino, using the imaging set-up based on a TDI linear detector moved by a high precision mechanical system. Thanks to this study, much information on the technique of execution and the state of conservation was obtained.
Non-destructive magnetic and chemical characterization of granite column shafts traded in the Mediterranean area: the case of Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa (Italy) and Basilica of Saint-Martin d’Ainay in Lyon (France).
Authors: Rochette P , Sciuto C , Raneri S , Sutter A , Rovazzani A , Folco L. , Ambrosi JP , Andrieu V , Gattacceca J , Hartmann-Virnich A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a scheme for non-destructive provenancing of granite shafts dating from the Roman to the medieval period using a combination of visual, magnetic, and chemical determinations. Our results on two monumental medieval complexes in Europe, in Pisa and Lyon, shows both oriental provenance, most likely spolia, and shaft from the quarries within the influence zone of the Pisa Republic (Elba, Corsica and Sardinia) that possibly correspond to shafts newly obtained in the quarries, particularly for the large diameter shafts of Ainay in Lyon (from Corsica) and Piazza dei Miracoli (from Elba and Sardinia). pXRF appears to be an efficient way to discriminate Corsican from Egyptian grey coarse grained granite provenance.
Preliminary study on a novel Optimal Placed Sensors method based on Genetic Algorithm.
Authors: Scuro C , Demarco F , Olivito R S , Wang P , Milani G , Li S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The safeguarding of the historical and cultural heritage is one of the main research topics that has been addressed in recent years. Particular attention was given to the development of structural health monitoring systems that allowed the real time acquisition of different physical quantities that are stored in a cloud and compared with the health limit values of the structures obtained from numerical analysis previously carried out. One of the major problems highlighted by the use of these systems is related to the position and quantity of smart sensors to be used within the structure to be monitored. To avoid this, in this paper an Optimal Sensors Placement method was applied to a case study located in China. In particular, the positioning of the sensors was identified through an optimization workflow that adopt a Multi Objective Optimization engine called “Octopus” in Grasshopper3D. The identified optimal solutions have made it possible to detect the areas of the structure that will be subject to collapse during a seismic event.
Structural health monitoring system design for historical heritage building
Authors: Carnì D. L. , Scuro C. , Olivito R.S. , Lamonaca Francesco , Alì G. , Calà S 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems play an important role in the defence of historical heritage. In fact, it is necessary to monitor and analyse the information that highlight the state of health of the structure. Unfortunately, in the realization of the monitoring system it is necessary to place several sensor nodes in place where it is not simple or possible the connection to the mains power supply. Moreover, it is necessary the fast detection of critical situation in which the state of conservation of an historical building can deteriorate. For these reasons in the paper is proposed the design of a low power consumption long range communication system. This design is proposed as an innovation of previous work, and the use of machine learning an algorithm to analyse the data.
Preliminary study of a mathematical model for the creation of a SHM system against river flooding
Authors: Scuro C , Alì G , Demarco F , Lamonaca F , Olivito R S , Carnì D L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The historical and cultural heritage has been damaged and destroyed for many years by catastrophic events. In Italy, the safeguarding of historic masonry buildings from seismic events has drawn the attention of researchers, often underestimating other external factors. This may be due to the fact that, over the centuries, earthquakes have frequently destroyed entire cities. In order to preserve and monitor historical and cultural heritage, structural health monitoring (SHM) systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, associated with maintenance and classification projects such as CARTIS, have been introduced in recent years. These systems guarantee not only the monitoring and maintenance of the single building but also a large-scale control of an urban neighbourhood. The purpose of this paper is to define a preliminary SHM system capable of preserving cities from catastrophic events other than earthquakes, focusing on the study of the phenomenon of river flooding. This is addressed by proposing a monitoring system based on smart nodes implementing new mathematical modelling to foreseen floods.
Non-invasive techniques for characterization of original Roman mosaic fragments
Authors: Radulescu Cristiana , Ion Rodica Mariana , Dulama Ioana Daniela , Gheboianu Anca Irina , Bucurica Ioan Alin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, it was reported the preliminary results on the chemical and structural composition of decorative elements remains from original Roman mosaic fragments collected from the Roman Mosaic Museum, Constanta (Romania). These investigations were carried out by using non-destructive and micro-invasive techniques such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission - scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy (i.e., FTIR and Raman). The studied fragments, apart from being beneficial to different restoration opportunities of this Roman mosaic, could be also included in its modification through air pollution. The major and minor phase components of the studied mosaic fragments were determined, the crystal structure of the main phases was analyzed, and their three-dimension spatial arrangement was reconstructed. The similar composition of the major phases of all mosaic fragments can indicate a generic recipe for making mosaic elements, but minor phases were presumably added for coloring of mosaic pieces. Some degradation areas inside the volume of the mosaic fragments were found by means of the X-ray diffraction method. The areas are probably related to the formation of iron hydroxides during chemical interactions of mosaic fragments with the sea and urban polluted atmosphere. The results can also offer important information about the original materials that were used in the Roman period.
SR-FTIR microscopy for the study of residues on Palaeolithic stone tools: looking for a methodological protocol
Authors: Dominici C , Stani C , Rossini M , Vaccari L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we use SR-FTIR microscopy to analyse residues identified on seven lithic artefacts from the Evolved Epigravettian layer 9c2 of the cave site of Grotta Paglicci (Apulia, southern Italy). Synchrotron radiation, thanks to its properties that particularly increase the sensitivity of FTIR microscopy, allows the analysis of samples of microscopic size and the characterisation of even highly degraded compounds, such as the residues of materials worked by Palaeolithic stone tools or complex compounds used for hafting. This pilot study has been carried out in the framework of a project concerning the reconstruction of hunting technologies between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. The preliminary results allowed us to focus on the issues of our methodological approach and to show the potential of the SR-FTIR microscopy for the analysis of residues on lithic implements.
Permittivity of wood as a function of moisture for cultural heritage applications: a preliminary study
Authors: D’Alvia L , Piuzzi E , Cataldo A , Del Prete Z 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, the evaluation of moisture content in historic wooden objects starting from permittivity measurements is investigated. For this purpose, a WR430 waveguide with a 1.7-2.6 GHz range was used to estimate the complex permittivity correlated to different moisture levels. Experimental tests were carried out on poplar (Populus nigra L.), a wood typically used in central Italy in the thirteenth-sixteenth centuries as a painting support. For the considered measurement system, experimental results and calibration curves are reported.
Study of the edge distortion effect in thermographic detection in semi-transparent Cultural Heritage
Authors: Ceccarelli Sofia , Caruso G. , Mercuri F. , Paoloni S. , Zammit U. , Orazi N. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In library heritage, the practice of reusing fragments of older manuscripts was very common, providing complex structures characterised by several overlapped features. Pulsed Thermography enables non-destructive investigations of such a stratigraphic structure and the detection of hidden texts. In this work, a study of the contrast generation in their thermographic detection is presented, aimed to the evaluation of the edges distortion for enhancing the readability of such features which is crucial for palaeographic purposes.