bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of two rehydration protocols for fractured tooth fragments for characteristics of penetration of resin tags using confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Chaurasia Bikash , Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Nag Tapas Chandra , Yadav Subhash Chandra , Rahul Morankar , Mishra Deepika , Bansal Kalpana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFragment reattachment is the recommended treatment modality in uncomplicated crown fractures. There is a paucity of literature regarding the mechanisms responsible for increased resistance to fracture after fragment rehydration in such cases. Hence, the aim of this proof‐of‐concept study was to decipher the microscopic changes in the penetration characteristics of resin in tooth fragments after different rehydration protocols.Material and MethodsSixty bovine incisors free of structural deformities were fractured as per a standard protocol and the fragments were stored in saline at 4°C. They were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 20)—Group 1: negative‐control, no‐rehydration, Group 2: rehydration by immersion in distilled water for 15 min, Group 3: rehydration by humidification for 15 min. They were subjected to the “experimental bonding protocol” using an eighth‐generation bonding agent mixed with rhodamine‐B dye. The samples were subjected to decalcification and sectioned into cubical blocks (2 × 2 × 2 mm3). They were embedded in paraffin wax, sectioned by an ultramicrotome and evaluated by using a confocal laser scanning microscope. The depths and width of the resin tags were assessed by image analysis software, and the number of tags was counted manually by blinded evaluators. Statistical analysis was done with Stata‐14.ResultsThe depth of penetration of the resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (927.81 ± 280.38 μm) followed by Group 3 (902.03 ± 371.85 μm) and Group 1 (287.74 ± 124.80 μm). Similarly, the width of the penetrated resin tags was greatest in Group 2 (58.29 ± 21.15), followed by Group 3 (35.53 ± 22.15) and Group 1 (23.89 ± 6.88). The number of resin tags in the majority of the samples in Group 1 had less than 25 tags (65%), whereas there were more than 25 tags in Group 2 (70%) and Group 3 (75%). These differences were statistically significant (p < .05).ConclusionThe resin penetration, as observed by the number of tags and their depth and width, was significantly affected by the rehydration of the fragments. The fragments rehydrated in the distilled water had greater penetration of resin tags than those rehydrated in a humidification chamber.
Brain‐specific biomarkers in urine as a non‐invasive approach to monitor neuronal and glial damage
Authors: Kohlhase Konstantin , Frank Franziska , Wilmes Christian , Koerbel Kimberly , Schaller‐Paule Martin A. , Miles Martha , Betz Christoph , Steinmetz Helmuth , Foerch Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study evaluates the quantitative measurability of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‐L1) and total tau (t‐tau) in urine of patients with acute cerebral damage.MethodsSerum and urine samples were prospectively collected from patients with an acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (target group) and compared to healthy subjects (control group); samples were measured using ultrasensitive single‐molecule arrays (Simoa®). Glomerular barrier function was assessed based on albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR); biomarker–creatinine ratios were calculated for correction of urine dilution.ResultsNinety‐three urine–serum pairs in the target group and 10 urine–serum pairs in the control group were measured. The mean absolute concentration ± standard deviation in urine of the target and control groups were 184.7 ± 362.4 pg/ml and 27.3 ± 24.1 pg/ml for GFAP (r = 0.3 [Wilcoxon effect size], p = 0.007), 17.5 ± 38.6 pg/ml and 0.9 ± 0.3 pg/ml for NfL (r = 0.4, p < 0.005), 320.2 ± 443.3 pg/ml and 109.6 ± 116.8 pg/ml for UCH‐L1 (r = 0.26, p = 0.014), and 219.5 ± 255.8 pg/ml and 21.1 ± 27.1 pg/ml for t‐tau (r = 0.37, p < 0.005), respectively, whereas biomarker–creatinine ratio was significantly different only for NfL (r = 0.29, p = 0.015) and t‐tau (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). In patients with intact glomerular barrier (ACR < 30 mg/g), only NfL in urine was significantly different between the target and control group and showed a significant correlation with the respective serum concentrations (r = 0.58 [Pearson's correlation‐coefficient], p < 0.005).ConclusionAll four investigated biomarkers could be measured in urine, with NfL and t‐tau showing the strongest effect size after correction for urine dilution. NfL revealed the most accurate relation between serum and urine concentrations in patients with intact kidney function.
A regime shift in the Southeast Greenland marine ecosystem
Authors: Heide‐Jørgensen Mads Peter , Chambault Philippine , Jansen Teunis , Gjelstrup Caroline V. B. , Rosing‐Asvid Aqqalu , Macrander Andreas , Víkingsson Gísli , Zhang Xiangdong , Andresen Camilla S. , MacKenzie Brian R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo major oceanographic changes have recently propagated through several trophic levels in coastal areas of Southeast Greenland (SEG). Firstly, the amount of drift‐ice exported from the Fram Strait and transported with the East Greenland Current (EGC) has decreased significantly over the past two decades, and a main tipping element (summer sea ice) has virtually disappeared since 2003 leading to a regime shift in oceanographic and ecological conditions in the region. The following 20‐year period with low or no coastal sea ice is unique in the 200‐year history of ice observations in the region, and the regime shift is also obvious in the volume of ice export through the Fram Strait after 2013. In the same period, the temperature of the EGC south of 73.5 N has increased significantly (>2°C) since 1980. Secondly, the warm Irminger Current, which advects warm, saline Atlantic Water into the region, has become warmer since 1990. The lack of pack ice in summer together with a warming ocean generated cascading effects on the ecosystem in SEG that are manifested in a changed fish fauna with an influx of boreal species in the south and the subarctic capelin further north. At higher trophic levels there has been an increase in the abundance of several boreal cetaceans (humpback, fin, killer, and pilot whales and dolphins) that are either new to this area or occur in historically large numbers. It is estimated that the new cetacean species in SEG are responsible for an annual predation level of 700,000 tons of fish. In addition, predation on krill species is estimated at >1,500,000 tons mainly consumed by fin whales. Simultaneously, there has been a reduction in the abundance and catches of narwhals and walruses in SEG and it is suggested that these species have been impacted by the habitat changes.
Significant effects of precipitation frequency on soil respiration and its components—A global synthesis
Authors: Du Yue , Wang Ying‐Ping , Hui Dafeng , Su Fanglong , Yan Junhua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobal warming intensifies the hydrological cycle, which results in changes in precipitation regime (frequency and amount), and will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration (Rs). Although the responses ofRsto changes in precipitation amount have been extensively studied, there is little consensus on howRswill be affected by changes in precipitation frequency (PF) across the globe. Here, we synthesized the field observations from 296 published papers to quantify the effects of PF onRsand its components using meta‐analysis. Our results indicated that the effects of PF onRsdecreased with an increase in background mean annual precipitation. When the data were grouped by climate conditions, increased PF showed positive effects onRsunder the arid condition but not under the semi‐humid or humid conditions, whereas decreased PF suppressedRsacross all the climate conditions. The positive effects of increased PF mainly resulted from the positive response of heterotrophic respiration under the arid condition while the negative effects of decreased PF were mainly attributed to the reductions in root biomass and respiration. Overall, our global synthesis provided for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the divergent effects of PF onRsand its components across climate regions. This study also provided a framework for understanding and modeling responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to global precipitation change.
Impact of number of functional teeth on independence of Japanese older adults
Authors: Maekawa Kenji , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Shinkai Shoji , Hirano Hirohiko , Ryu Masahiro , Tamaki Katsushi , Yatani Hirofumi , Kuboki Takuo ,   Kusatsu ISLE Study Working Group Collaborators, Kimura‐Ono Aya , Kikutani Takeshi , Suganuma Takashi , Ayukawa Yasunori , Gonda Tomoya , Ogawa Toru , Fujisawa Masanori , Ishigaki Shoichi , Watanabe Yutaka , Kitamura Akihiko , Taniguchi Yu , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Edahiro Ayako , Ohara Yuki , Furuya Junichi , Nakajima Junko , Umeki Kento , Igarashi Kentaro , Horibe Yasuhiro , Kugimiya Yoshihiro , Kawai Yasuhiko , Matsumura Hideo , Ichikawa Tetsuo , Ohkawa Shuji , Baba Kazuyoshi 
Published: November 2022

AimTo examine the relationship between the number of present and functional teeth at baseline and future incidence of loss of independence.MethodsParticipants were community‐dwelling older individuals who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination conducted in Kusatsu town, Japan, between 2009 and 2015. The primary endpoint was the incidence of loss of independence among participants, defined as the first certification of long‐term care insurance in Japan. The numbers of present and functional teeth at baseline were determined via an oral examination. Demographics, clinical variables (e.g., history of chronic diseases and psychosocial factors), blood nutritional markers, physical functions, and perceived masticatory function were assessed.ResultsThis study included 1121 individuals, and 205 individuals suffered from loss of independence during the follow‐up period. Kaplan–Meier estimates of loss of independence for participants with smaller numbers of present and functional teeth were significantly greater than for those with larger numbers of teeth. Cox proportional hazard analyses indicated that a smaller number of present teeth was not a significant risk factor after adjusting for demographic characteristics. However, the number of functional teeth was a significant risk factor after the adjustment (hazard ratio: 1.975 [1.168–3.340]). Additionally, higher hazard ratios were observed in other adjusted models, but they were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe number of functional teeth may be more closely related to the future incidence of loss of independence than the number of present teeth. This novel finding suggests that prosthodontic rehabilitation for tooth loss possibly prevents the future incidence of this life‐event. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 1032–1039.
Occurrence of familial Mediterranean fever in haemophilia patients
Authors: Kirkiz Serap , Kaya Zühre , Gönen Sevim , Yağcı Münci , Koçak Ülker 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis is the first study of simultaneous occurrences of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) in patients with haemophilia.AimThe aim was to investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of FMF in patients with severe haemophilia.MethodsOur study included 30 patients with severe haemophilia (26 haemophilia A and four haemophilia B). All 30 patients are screened for MEFV genotypes in FMF according to the new Eurofever/PRINTO diagnostic criteria. All cohorts were genetically tested for FMF and thrombophilia.ResultsEight (26%) of 30 haemophilic patients were diagnosed with FMF. Six different heterozygous FMF mutations including M694V (n = 2), E148Q (n = 2), V726A(n = 1), P369S (n = 1), E148Q/K695R (n = 1) and E148Q/M694I (n = 1) were identified. Seven had haemophilia A and only one had haemophilia B. Four (50%) patients had a positive family history and three of them had extraarticular findings specific to FMF. Only one haemophilia B patient received colchicine. Target joints in the knee, ankle, and elbow were identified in three FMF patients. The number of target joints in eight patients with FMF was significantly lower than in twenty‐two patients without FMF (p < .05). The annual number of suspected joint bleedings in FMF patients admitted to the hospital was 40; however, 15 (37.5%) were documented bleedings in ultrasounds. Hereditary thrombophilia was detected in seven of eight patients.ConclusionOur data indicate that screening for FMF may be useful in patients with haemophilia who develop arthritis without prominent bleeding and have a positive family history in many Mediterranean countries, including Turkey.
TOWARD THE RECOGNITION OF ARTIFICIAL HISTORY MAKERS
Authors: HUGHES‐WARRINGTON MARNIE 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence is a historical discipline. This does not simply mean that its history can be written. It is historical on account of its recursive basis for action: its systems turn to prior beliefs—often through multiple steps or layers—to make recommendations for the present or predictions for the future. Using the two rooms approach of Alan Turing's imitation game, I highlight the potential for machine and human histories to be recognized via at least the idea of weak artificial intelligence. This recognition illuminates the mixed nature of the logic of history, combining deductions and endoxa. Finally, I note that illuminating and exploring this mixed logic of history signals a turn to historiographical metaphysics with Aristotelian features and, thus, the recognition of histories by professional historians as only part of a historiographical world. This signals that the recognition of machine and human history makers does not simply turn on the acknowledgement of imitation.
Estimating the risk of mortality attributable to recent late HIV diagnosis following admission to the intensive care unit: A single‐centre observational cohort study
Authors: Bakewell Nicholas , Kanitkar Tanmay , Dissanayake Oshani , Symonds Maggie , Rimmer Stephanie , Adlakha Amit , Lipman Marc C. , Bhagani Sanjay , Agarwal Banwari , Miller Robert F. , Sabin Caroline A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesDespite improvements in survival of people with HIV admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), late diagnosis continues to contribute to in‐ICU mortality. We quantify the population attributable fraction (PAF) of in‐ICU mortality for recent late diagnosis among people with HIV admitted to a London ICU.MethodsIndex ICU admissions among people with HIV were considered from 2000 to 2019. Recent late diagnosis was a CD4 T‐cell count < 350 cells/μL and/or AIDS‐defining illness at/within 6 months prior to ICU admission. Univariate comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon rank‐sum/Cochran–Armitage/χ2/Fisher's exact tests. We used Poisson regression (robust standard errors) to estimate unadjusted/adjusted (age, sex, calendar year of ICU admission) risk ratios (RRs) and regression standardization to estimate the PAF.ResultsIn all, 207 index admissions were included [median (interquartile range) age: 46 (38–53) years; 72% male]; 58 (28%) had a recent late diagnosis, all of whom had a CD4 count < 350 cells/μL, and 95% had advanced HIV (CD4 count < 200 cells/μL and/or AIDS at admission) as compared with 57% of those who did not have a recent late diagnosis (p < 0.001). In‐ICU mortality was 27% (55/207); 38% versus 22% in those who did and did not have a recent late diagnosis, respectively (p = 0.02). Recent late diagnosis was independently associated with increased in‐ICU mortality risk (adjusted RR = 1.75) (95% confidence interval: 1.05–2.91), with 17.08% (16.04–18.12%) of deaths being attributable to this.ConclusionsThere is a need for improved public health efforts focused on HIV testing and reporting of late diagnosis to better understand potentially missed opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in healthcare services.
Milling performance and bread‐making aptitude of the new soft kernel durum wheat variety Faridur
Authors: Pasqualone Antonella , Palombieri Samuela , Koksel Hamit , Summo Carmine , De Vita Pasquale , Sestili Francesco 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFaridur is the first ‘soft kernel’ durum wheat variety released in Italy. This variety has not yet been evaluated for its end‐use quality. In the present study, the milling performance (using two different mills) and bread‐making ability of Faridur were compared with Svevo. An effect of the mill type on flour properties was observed, with the Chopin CD1 mill leading to finer particle size, higher starch damage and water absorption than Bühler MLU 202. Protein and gluten content was significantly higher in Faridur, but gluten quality was lower, as indicated by alveograph and farinograph analyses. The softer nature of Faridur facilitated milling, reducing energy consumption and starch damage. The baking test led to a compact product, with low specific volume, needing adjustments in processing and formulation. As energy saving has become a key competitive factor in the milling sector, Faridur has potential for expanding the use of durum wheat.
Physicochemical transformations of corn‐based snacks with underexploited grains addition during storage: multi‐analytical assessment
Authors: Rolandelli Guido , Farroni Abel Eduardo , Buera María del Pilar 
Published: November 2022

SummaryCorn‐based snacks were prepared with the addition of 25% of millet, sorghum, quinoa, and canary seed flours, which are scarcely used grains for human food and can grow in low‐fertility soils. Guggenheim‐Anderson‐de Boer (GAB) and D'arcy & Watt (GDW) sorption models provided information regarding water‐solids interactions and microstructural arrangements. After storage for 2, 4, and 6 months, several physicochemical properties of snacks were measured and compared with freshly prepared products and raw blends. Addition of quinoa and canary seed flours doubled phenolics content and antioxidant properties. Lipids oxidation kinetics was associated with water sorption, antioxidant properties, and carotenoids and phenolics stability. Starch gelatinisation and protein transformations were assessed through FTIR. Protein denaturation after thermal treatment reduced intermolecular associations with carotenoids and phenolic compounds, which enhanced their functionality as antioxidants. Addition of quinoa and canary seed flours showed promising results for the development of innovative snacks with improved functional properties.
The role of social transfers in mitigating families with children from the economic impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kärkkäinen Sanna , Mesiäislehto Merita , Sirniö Outi , Karvonen Sakari , Kauppinen Timo M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the household income of families with children. Our specific interest was the earned income losses during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and how social transfers have mitigated those losses. We assessed the monthly income levels by comparing the information on the year prior to pandemic to income levels during COVID‐19 pandemic. We found that the pandemic affected all studied subgroups of families with children, with the most negative economic influence in May 2020. In addition, our results indicate that in Finland the social transfers protected fairly well against the negative economic impacts of the pandemic among families with children, especially among vulnerable families (those with lowest income level prior COVID‐19, with low parental education, single‐parent families and families with non‐Finnish‐born parents). The information gained from this analysis can be useful in economic recovery during and after COVID‐19 pandemic, and when preparing for future challenges.
Neutrophils are gatekeepers of mucosal immunity
Authors: Silva Lakmali M. , Kim Tae Sung , Moutsopoulos Niki M. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryMucosal tissues are constantly exposed to the outside environment. They receive signals from the commensal microbiome and tissue‐specific triggers including alimentary and airborne elements and are tasked to maintain balance in the absence of inflammation and infection. Here, we present neutrophils as sentinel cells in mucosal immunity. We discuss the roles of neutrophils in mucosal homeostasis and overview clinical susceptibilities in patients with neutrophil defects. Finally, we present concepts related to specification of neutrophil responses within specific mucosal tissue microenvironments.
Responding to joint attention as a developmental catalyst: Longitudinal associations with language and social responsiveness
Authors: Lasch Carolyn , Carlson Stephanie M. , Elison Jed T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractJoint attention (JA), infants' ability to engage in triadic attention with another person and a separate object or event, emerges in infancy. Responding to joint attention (RJA) develops earlier than initiating joint attention (IJA) and may benefit from a reconceptualization from a competence to a skill that varies in performance. Investigating associations between RJA performance and important skills of toddlerhood such as language, social responsiveness, and executive function (EF) in typically developing samples can better elucidate how RJA may serve as a developmental precursor to later dimensional skills, with implications for both typical and atypical development. Here, 210 (82% White) infants completed the Dimensional Joint Attention Assessment (DJAA), a naturalistic play‐based assessment of RJA, at 8–15 months. At 16–38 months social responsiveness, verbal ability, and EF were assessed. Multilevel models showed that DJAA scores were associated with later verbal abilities and parent‐reported social responsiveness. Exploratory analyses showed trend‐level associations between RJA and EF. Results establish the content validity of the DJAA as a measure of RJA, and longitudinal associations with later verbal ability and social responsiveness. Future work should examine EF emergence and consolidation, and RJA and later EF associations.
Integrated nursing care for people with combined mental health and substance use disorders
Authors: Hove Elizabeth , Hazelton Michael J. , Santangelo Peter , Wilson Rhonda L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany health problems arise from mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. These disorders are highly prevalent and complex and contribute to poor health outcomes, premature mortality, security risk, social isolation, and global and national economic loss. Mental health and substance use disorders are among Australia's top four causes of disease burden. Our objective was to investigate and synthesize contemporary literature regarding factors that influence nurses' delivery of integrated care to people with combined mental health and substance use disorders within mental health services. We systematically searched five electronic databases with a limit on publications from 2009 to 2021. The search yielded 26 articles. Following thematic analysis, three themes were identified: individual nursing characteristics, nursing education, and professional development characteristics, and organizational factors. This study reveals that there is a fundamental absence of adequate integrative models of care within mental health services to enable the optimal nursing care of people with combined mental health and substance use disorders. Future research is needed to determine nurses' perceptions and factors influencing their role as participants in integrative care. The results could strengthen nurses' contributions in developing/adopting integrative models of care and contribute to clinical, educational, and organizational development.