bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hinche: territorio de paz, centro de saberes campesinos. Caminando la utopía
Authors: Rodríguez Suárez Miguel Antonio 
Published: February 2022

El artículo realiza, desde el paradigma crítico social y desde el tipo de investigación de sistematización de experiencias, una contextualización sociogeográfica de Colombia en donde también aparecen algunos aspectos sociohistóricos que permiten poner en el centro de la discusión la importancia de la tenencia de la tierra que ha generado diversas disputas en donde se han identificado intereses externos e internos al país.
Este punto se convierte en el eje de inflexión, en donde a pesar de las diferentes fuerzas en tensión, se recupera y visibiliza la experiencia de un grupo de mujeres campesinas que forjan paz en, desde, por y para su territorio, donde han logrado, a través de sus propios saberes, la reconstrucción del tejido social y la recuperación de los espacios comunitarios que fueron en su momento arrebatados por los diferentes grupos armados en medio del colapso parcial del Estado. Una experiencia de paz positiva, que según De Roux (2018) es “al mismo tiempo limitada, vulnerable, criticable. Apoyarla es un acto de audacia, no de temeridad; es un acto moral, porque el país vive momentos de incertidumbre”.
Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae, Bipaliinae): mitochondrial genomes and description of two new species from France, Italy, and Mayotte
Authors: Justine Jean-Lou , Gastineau Romain , Gros Pierre , Gey Delphine , Ruzzier Enrico , Charles Laurent , Winsor Leigh 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundNew records of alien land planarians are regularly reported worldwide, and some correspond to undescribed species of unknown geographic origin. The description of new species of land planarians (Geoplanidae) should classically be based on both external morphology and histology of anatomical structures, especially the copulatory organs, ideally with the addition of molecular data.MethodsHere, we describe the morphology and reproductive anatomy of a species previously reported asDiversibipalium“black”, and the morphology of a species previously reported asDiversibipalium“blue”. Based on next generation sequencing, we obtained the complete mitogenome of five species of Bipaliinae, including these two species.ResultsThe new speciesHumbertium covidumn. sp. (syn:Diversibipalium“black” of Justine et al., 2018) is formally described on the basis of morphology, histology and mitogenome, and is assigned toHumbertiumon the basis of its reproductive anatomy. The type-locality is Casier, Italy, and other localities are in the Department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France; some published or unpublished records suggest that this species might also be present in Russia, China, and Japan. The mitogenomic polymorphism of two geographically distinct specimens (ItalyvsFrance) is described; thecox1gene displayed 2.25% difference. The new speciesDiversibipalium mayottensisn. sp. (syn:Diversibipalium“blue” of Justine et al., 2018) is formally described on the basis of external morphology and complete mitogenome and is assigned toDiversibipaliumon the basis of an absence of information on its reproductive anatomy. The type- and only known locality is the island of Mayotte in the Mozambique Channel off Africa. Phylogenies of bipaliine geoplanids were constructed on the basis of SSU, LSU, mitochondrial proteins and concatenated sequences ofcox1, SSU and LSU. In all four phylogenies,D. mayottensiswas the sister-group to all the other bipaliines. With the exception ofD. multilineatumwhich could not be circularised, the complete mitogenomes ofB. kewense,B. vagum,B. adventitium,H. covidumandD. mayottensiswere colinear. The 16S gene in all bipaliine species was problematic because usual tools were unable to locate its exact position.ConclusionNext generation sequencing, which can provide complete mitochondrial genomes as well as traditionally used genes such as SSU, LSU andcox1, is a powerful tool for delineating and describing species of Bipaliinae when the reproductive structure cannot be studied, which is sometimes the case of asexually reproducing invasive species. The unexpected position of the new speciesD. mayottensisas sister-group to all other Bipaliinae in all phylogenetic analyses suggests that the species could belong to a new genus, yet to be described.
Highlights on the Efficacy of "Ayurveda "and it Importance to Human Health
Authors: Rathod Krishna , Dunghav Manisha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Ayurveda is an ancient medicine system of the Indian subcontinent. The word Ayurveda is a conjugation of two Sanskrit words 'ayus', meaning 'life' and 'veda', meaning 'science', thus ayurveda literally means the 'science of life'. Moreover, Moreover, Ahara vidhi literally means method of taking diet. It includes diet and dietary guidelines. The concept of diet in Ayurveda has a broader view beyond ingestion of food, unlike modern dietetics which is restricted to concept of calorie consumption, Ayurveda recommends methods of taking food, its quality and quantity based upon individual’s capacity to digest (Agni).
Materials: Questionnaire on the basis of Literature available in Ahara vidhi -Dietary Guidelines in Ayurveda Classics was developed.
Methods: Proper guideline of development of questionnaire has been followed.
Results: After the Development of Dietary Questionnaire the questioner sent to the expert to check the face validity and content validity of the Questionnaire with proper concept of statistical Analysis.
Discussion: In this article, various aspects of concept of diet in Ayurveda are discussed.
Conclusion: Ayurveda diet practices and principles are helpful to improve the human health.
Multiple Sclerosis Manifested by Paralysis of Cranial VI Pair with Diplopia
Authors: Sande Miguel Thiago , Sande Miguel Vinicius , Almeida da Costa Daniel , Bastos Pereira Maurício 
Published: February 2022

Aims: To describe a Multiple Sclerosis Manifested by Paralysis of Cranial VI Pair with Diplopia.
Presentation of Case: A.P.R. female patient, 31 years old, has presented diplopia for 04 days. She denied too many symptoms and comorbidities. No eye trauma and previous eye surgery.
Discussion: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects young female adults. About 85% of individuals with MS start the clinical picture in the form of a relapse, and less can open the picture with progressive neurological deficits, although occasional relapses occur during the course of the disease. Eye changes are frequent in MS and are often the first clinical manifestation.
Results: MS is a rare comorbidity and there are no exact and concrete epidemiological studies so far. Studies about eye alterations are also scarce in Latin American countries.
Ocular involvement may be the first sign of MS. Although MS is an uncommon cause of cranial nerve palsies, its frequency increases in young individuals, with a predominance of abducens nerve palsy, as occurred with the patient in the present report, emphasizing the importance of knowing the profile of this disease.
Conclusion: Ocular findings in MS include optic neuritis, retinitis, peripheral vasculitis, ocular motility abnormalities that can manifest as diplopia or nystagmus, and these manifestations should be recognized by ophthalmologists.
Hybrid‐Membrane‐Decorated Prussian Blue for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy via Tumor‐Associated Macrophages Polarization and Hypoxia Relief
Authors: Hou Lin , Gong Xuan , Yang Jing , Zhang Huijuan , Yang Weijing , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoth tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and hypoxia condition severely restrict the antitumor potency during cancer immunotherapy. It is essential to overcome the two issues for improving therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a hollow mesoporous Prussian blue (HMPB) nanosystem with mannose decoration and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) adsorption is built, to form Man‐HMPB/HCQ. It can facilitate cellular internalization via mannose‐receptor mediated endocytosis and induce TAM polarization via iron ion/HCQ release with HMPB degradation. The hybrid macrophage and thylakoid (TK) membrane is camouflaged on the Man‐HMPB/HCQ surface, denoted as TK‐M@Man‐HMPB/HCQ, to reduce in vivo reticuloendothelial system uptake, enhance tumor accumulation, and mitigate hypoxia. The in vivo results indicate that TK‐M@Man‐HMPB/HCQ notably inhibits tumor growth, induces TAM polarization, facilitates cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltration, and alleviates hypoxia microenvironment. The rational design may provide a new pathway to modulate the tumor microenvironment for promoting cancer immunotherapy effects.
Interactions between Liquid Metal Droplets and Bacterial, Fungal, and Mammalian Cells
Authors: Cheeseman Samuel , Elbourne Aaron , Gangadoo Sheeana , Shaw Z. L. , Bryant Saffron J. , Syed Nitu , Dickey Michael D. , Higgins Michael J. , Vasilev Krasimir , McConville Chris F. , Christofferson Andrew J. , Crawford Russell J. , Daeneke Torben , Chapman James , Truong Vi Khanh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLiquid metals (LMs) have emerged as novel materials for biomedical applications. Here, the interactions taking place between cells and LMs are reported, presenting a unique opportunity to explore and understand the LM‐biological interface. Several high‐resolution imaging techniques are used to characterize the interaction between droplets of gallium LM and bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells. Adhesive interactions between cells and LM droplets are observed, causing deformation of the LM droplet surface, resulting in surface wrinkling and in some cases, breakage of the native oxide layer present on the LM droplet surface. In many instances, the cell wall deforms to intimately contact the LM droplets. Single‐cell force spectroscopy is performed to quantify the adhesion forces between cells and LM and characterize the nature of the adhesion. It is proposed that the flexible nature of the cell enables multiple adhesion sites with the LM droplets, imparting tensile forces on the LM droplet surface, which results in surface wrinkling on the LM droplets due to their liquid nature. Molecular dynamics simulations also suggest that flexible biomolecules on the cell surface can disrupt the Ga2O3 layer formed at the LM droplet surface. This study reveals a unique biointerfacial interaction and provides insights into the mechanisms involved.
An Overview on Indole Aryl Sulfide/Sulfone (IAS) as Anti‐HIV Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Authors: Sinha Arun K. , Equbal Danish , Rastogi Sumit K. , Kumar Santosh , Kumar Ravindra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSulfur‐containing indoles are widely studied against different biological targets. Among several potential drug candidates, seven molecules of this class are in the current market and a few of them are either in pipeline or in different stages of clinical trials. Particularly, arylthioindoles or indolylarylsulfones (IAS) received great attention by medicinal chemists due to their pharmokinetic profiles and wide spectrum of biological activities like antiviral, anticancer, cardiovascular, and antibacterial properties. This review summarizes the developmental process, synthesis and structure activity relationship (SAR) around arylthioindole/indolylaryl sulfone scaffolds for antiviral/anti‐HIV non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs) activities. It also offers perspective for further development of 3‐indolylarylsulfones as an anti‐viral agent including their potential against novel COVID‐19 infection.
Synthesis and Chemistry of Diazo Compounds under Microwave Irradiation: A Review
Authors: Singh Girija S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiazo compounds such as α‐diazocarbonyls, diazoalkanes, and diazoarenes are well known compounds in organic chemistry. Their synthetic utility is of paramount importance. They are commonly used as precursors of reactive intermediates like ketenes and carbenoids. Their reactions have been traditionally carried out under thermal or photochemical conditions in inert atmosphere. The synthesis and chemistry of such compounds under microwave irradiation have seen steady growth. The present article critically reviews the application of microwave irradiation in synthesis and chemistry of diazoalkanes and α‐diazocarbonyls. The microwave‐assisted reactions via ketenes and carbenes with alcohols, thiols, phenols, amines, imines, alkenes, alkynes, and three‐membered heterocyclic compounds, etc. are described. These reactions furnish synthetically useful building blocks and also biologically relevant heterocyclic compounds. Most reactions are accelerated by the use of microwave irradiation. There are also some reports revealing that the reactions did not occur by conventional heating but yielded products on irradiation with microwaves. The mechanisms of the reactions where necessary and synthetic and biological relevance of the products are highlighted.
A systematic review on the effectiveness of virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT) and computer‐based cognitive training (CBCT) for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Authors: Ho‐yin Lai Frank , Chui‐wai Hung Sarah , Yin‐ni Ho Annie , Hiu‐wai Lai Idy , Sze‐wing Lee Carol , Shuk‐kwan Pong Angela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTechnological advancement and enhanced education level of aging population demand more effective and evidence‐based cognitive trainings. Besides conventional computer‐based cognitive training (CBCT), immersive virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT) has been gaining popularity over the last decade.MethodThe overall aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness on VRCT and CBCT in five specific cognitive domains [i.e. global cognitive function (GCF), memory (Mem), executive function (EF), language (Lang) and visuospatial skills (VS)] of individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The specific objectives were to: a) identify advantages and limitations of VRCT and CBCT; b) observe and report the trend of cognitive trainings; and c) suggest future research directions.ResultSystematic review was performed on 320 studies were yielded from five electronic databases. 18 randomized controlled trials met the PRISMA criteria, with 10 related to VRCT and 8 related to CBCT. Random‐effect model was used in determining the main effect of cognitive training in 5 specific cognitive domains.ConclusionVRCT provided the largest effect size on VS and Lang while the smallest on EF. CBCT provided the largest effect size on Mem and Lang while the smallest on EF. VRCT and CBCT generate an opposite effect on VS. VRCT outweighs CBCT in treatment effectiveness of GCF, EF, Lang and VS. More immersive‐and‐interactive experiences in VRCT may help individuals with MCI better engage in real‐life experiences which supports skills generalization and reduces external distractions. CBCT tends to improve Mem but no definite conclusions can be made. Further investigation with more stringent research design and specific protocol are required to reach consensus about the optimum intervention regime.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the caregiver burden and quality of life in caregivers of patients with dementia
Authors: Seo Hyun‐Ju , Kim Seong Min , Park Jeong Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamily caregivers of dementia patient are at higher risk for perceived burden of caregiving and stress from COVID‐19 than general population. The current study examines the current status COVID‐19‐specific stress, anxiety, burden of caregiving and health related‐ quality of life that may be significantly deteriorated for family caregivers in understanding cargiver burden and their stress experienced due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodAbout two hundred family caregivers aged 20‐79 years in the South Korea will be recruited to collect the data on their stress, anxiety related to ongoing COVID‐19, burden of caregiving, and health‐related Quality of life in an online or telephone survey.ResultThe present study will show that the current status of perceived stress, anxiety, burden of cargiving of person with dementia associated with COVID‐19 pandemic. The increased stress, anixety, and burden of cargiving could negatively affect their health‐related quality of life. The specific study findings will be demonstrated in poster presentation of the conference.ConclusionThe present study will be demonstrated that the association between COVID‐19‐specific stress, burden of caregiving, and health related quality of life for family caregivers of dementia patient. This study findings will encourage future development of public interventions to address burden of caregiving in family caregivers with COVID‐19 pandemic.
Towards clinical application of tau PET: Trials
Authors: Klein Gregory 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecent widespread availability of tau PET tracers, as well as large cross‐sectional and longitudinal datasets has now added tau PET as a well‐validated biomarker for feasible assessment and design of clinical trials. Tau PET shows potential for improved diagnosis, enrichment of populations likely to progress during a study, and for demonstration of target engagement or of a relevant downstream effect. Despite this great potential, there are still many challenges for effective implementation of tau PET in a clinical trial. Visual and quantitative methods for establishing tau positivity and even the meaningfulness of tau positivity are not well‐defined. There is no consensus on the best quantitative measures of tau progression. Further, while tau PET tracers currently used in AD drug studies show similar brain patterns of binding, enough differences exist that complicate use of multiple tau tracers for enrichment, or for comparing results from different study cohorts. Tau PET correlates more closely with clinical symptoms than amyloid PET, but further evidence needs to be generated for its acceptance as a surrogate by health authorities.ConclusionThis presentation will discuss current strategies and recent analyses in the use of tau PET for optimizing study populations in preclinical and early AD, and consideration of sample size requirements when tau PET is used as a pharmacodynamics marker. It will review use of baseline biomarkers including amyloid and tau burden to predict future tau accumulation and clinical progression. Practical considerations, including tau tracer production networks, dosimetry and participant burden will also be discussed.
“For whom the watch tolls”: Usability and feasibility of a smartwatch‐based intervention for people with dementia
Authors: Köhler Stefanie , Goerss Doreen , Teipel Stefan J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundZero‐effort technologies (ZET) are promising for supporting people with cognitive impairment. One needs to consider the user’s cognitive abilities, needs and usability‐requirements to secure the acceptance of ZET by this vulnerable group. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and usability of a ZET technology that gave acoustic and visual instructions to people with cognitive impairment.MethodFollowing the Values Sensitive Design approach, we conducted 30 semi‐structured interviews (including people with cognitive impairment, relatives, and healthcare professionals) focusing on assistive technology in institutional care. Based on these interviews, we derived the design of a real‐world experiment to test a ZET system’s feasibility and usability. The experiment consisted of two different instructions representing activity of daily living (drinking water) and cognitive activation (circling bells on a sheet‐according to the Bell’s Test) delivered by a smartwatch. During the intervention, participants were alone but observed via camera‐live‐stream and videotaping to evaluate interventions’ success in real time and offline. The interventions were divided into “regular” (1x vibration & ringtone, text & picture) and “intensive” (multiple vibration & ringtone, text & acoustic instruction & animated picture) mode. All participants filled a usability‐questionnaire after the experiment.ResultPreliminary results in five (3 female, MMSE mean: 24.6, age mean: 75.2) of the 40 intended participants showed the ability to complete the drinking‐task. The smartwatch design was evaluated as comfortable but too big. Participants who preferred vibration alert indicated that a ringtone may let them be perceived as person with need for help. In contrast, only participants with the intensive mode (n=2) completed the Bell’s test task. Only one participant wished for more interaction with the smartwatch. All participants agreed on additional calendar and reminding function as well as making emergency calls as useful features of the smartwatch systemConclusionPeople with cognitive impairment accept instructions given by a smartwatch. Participants preferred a scenario where they were not required to interact with the system, supporting the notion of ZET. Talking to the future users before designing the experiment helped to create a useful experimental design to assess user acceptance and identify further system requirements.
Disentangling axonal loss and demyelination using multi‐modal imaging: Application to young onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Parker Christopher S. , Foulkes Alexander J.M. , Slattery Catherine F. , Veale Thomas , Cash David M. , Fox Nick C. , Schott Jonathan M. , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMapping axonal loss in young‐onset Alzheimer’s disease (YOAD) can provide a clearer picture of neurodegenerative processes. Axonal loss has been estimated using metrics derived from diffusion MRI (dMRI). However, these measures are also sensitive to myelin, thus cannot unambiguously disentangle axon loss and demyelination. Here, we address this with multi‐modal imaging, combining dMRI with magnetisation transfer saturation (MTsat) MRI, a technique sensitive specifically to myelin.MethodNeurite density index (NDI), a dMRI estimate from NODDI, relates to axon volume fraction (AVF), an axon density estimate unconfounded by myelin: AVF=(1‐MVF)(1‐FWF)NDI (Stikov et al. Neuroimage; 118:397‐405, 2015). MVF is the myelin volume fraction, an estimate of myelin density, and FWF the free water fraction from NODDI. MVF is estimated from MTsat imaging (Mohammadi et al. Frontiers in Neuroscience; 9, 9:441, 2015). Maps of AVF, MVF and NDI were computed for 21 healthy controls and 30 YOAD patients who underwent NODDI‐compatible dMRI and MTsat MRI. Tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to map significant changes (p<0.05, FWE‐corrected) along white matter (WM) skeleton (Fig. 2, lower) of the population template.ResultFigure 1 shows the population‐averaged AVF and MVF of each point along the WM skeleton, demonstrating NDI is influenced by both AVF and MVF. While AVF and NDI correlate strongly (R2=0.46, p<5e‐10), suggesting NDI is primarily a marker of axon density, MVF also contributes to the observed NDI variation (R2=0.16, p<5e‐10).Figure 2 shows TBSS group differences in these metrics. MVF reductions in fronto‐occipital regions, indicating demyelination, overlap with NDI reductions but not AVF changes (Fig. 2A). AVF reductions in the splenium, indicating axonal loss, did not overlap with NDI changes (Fig. 2B). This demonstrates sub‐optimal specificity and sensitivity of NDI to axonal loss. Most AVF reductions; in the posterior tracts, fornix and the corpus callosum splenium, areas associated with symptoms of YOAD; were accompanied by decreased NDI. Concomitant MVF reductions occurred in posterior areas (Fig 2C).ConclusionThis study presents a multi‐modal imaging approach to disambiguate markers of axonal loss and demyelination, effects previously entangled in single modality DWI analysis. This technique may provide new insight into in vivo pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases.