bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to risk and experiences of river flooding for people with disability and carers in rural Australia: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bailie Jodie , Matthews Veronica , Bailie Ross , Villeneuve Michelle , Longman Jo 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesIn this paper, we explore the exposure to risk and experiences of people with disability and carers during a flooding event and the subsequent mental health impacts.DesignA cross-sectional survey between September and November 2017. Binary logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between the mental health of people with disability and carers and their exposure to the flood. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data.SettingFlood-affected communities in the rural area of Northern Rivers, New South Wales, Australia, 6 months after river flooding in 2017.ParticipantsPeople over 16 years and a resident in the Northern Rivers at the time of the flood were invited to participate. Using a purposive, snowballing sampling technique participants were drawn from a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds and had experienced different degrees of flood exposure.ResultsOf 2252 respondents, there were 164 people with disability and 91 carers. Both groups had increased odds of having their home flooded (people with a disability: OR 2.41 95% CI 1.71 to 3.39; carers: OR 1.76 95% CI 1.10 to 2.84). On evacuation, respondents reported inaccessible, conflicting and confusing information regarding flood warnings. Essential services such as healthcare and social services were disrupted (people with a disability: OR 3.98 95% CI 2.82 to 5.60; carers 2.17 95% CI 1.33 to 3.54) and access to safe and mould free housing post flood event was limited. After taking sociodemographic factors into account, respondents with a disability and carers had greater odds of probable post-traumatic stress disorder compared with other respondents (people with a disability: 3.32 95% CI 2.22 to 4.96; carers: 1.87 95% CI 1.10 to 3.19).ConclusionOur findings show the profound impact and systemic neglect experienced by people with disability and carers during and after the 2017 flood event in the Northern Rivers. As people with disability will take longer to recover, they will require longer-term tailored supports and purposeful inclusion in flood preparedness and recovery efforts.
Defining adequacy of staffing in general hospital wards: a Delphi study
Authors: van der Mark Carmen J E M , Kraan Jocelynn , Hendriks Paul H J , Vermeulen Hester , Oostveen Catharina J van 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo gain consensus on the items that determine adequacy of shift staffing.DesignThis was a three-round Delphi study to establish consensus on what defines adequacy of shift staffing in a general hospital ward. A literature review, focus group and five semistructured expert interviews were used to generate items for the Delphi study.SettingMulticentre study in The Netherlands.ParticipantsNurses, head nurses, nursing managers, and capacity consultants and managers working for Dutch hospitals.ResultsTwenty-six items were included in the Delphi study. One hundred and sixty-eight, 123 and 93 participants were included in the first, second and third round, respectively. After three rounds, six items were included (mostly related to direct patient care) and nine items were excluded. No consensus was reached on 12 items, including one item that was added after the first round.ConclusionsThis is the first study to specify items that determine adequacy of staffing. These items can be used to measure adequacy of staffing, which is crucial for enhancing nurse staffing methods. Further research is needed to refine the items of staffing adequacy and to further develop and psychometrically test an instrument for measuring staffing adequacy.
Patient preferences for atopic dermatitis medications in the UK, France and Spain: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Thomas Caitlin , Raibouaa Afaf , Wollenberg Andreas , Capron Jean-Philippe , Krucien Nicolas , Karn Hayley , Tervonen Tommi 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesWe aimed to quantify patient preferences for efficacy, safety and convenience features of atopic dermatitis (AD) treatments.Design and settingOnline discrete choice experiment survey.ParticipantsAdults in the UK, France and Spain who had used AD treatments during the past 2 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPreferences for attributes were analysed using a multinomial logit model. Willingness to make trade-offs was expressed as the maximum acceptable decrease (MAD) in the probability of achieving clear/almost clear skin at week 16.ResultsThe survey was completed by 404 patients (44.1±12.0 years; 65% women; 64% moderate/severe eczema). Most patients (68%) had no prior experience of using self-injectable treatments for AD or any other illness. Participants most valued increasing the chance of achieving a meaningful reduction in itch at week 16 from 20% to 50%, followed by reducing the risks of serious infections from 6% to 0% and of eye inflammation from 20% to 0%. Participants were willing to accept a decrease in the possibility of achieving clear/almost clear skin to obtain a treatment that can be paused (MAD=24.1%), requires occasional check-ups (MAD=16.1%) or no check-ups (MAD=20.9%) over frequent check-ups, is administered as a one time per day or two times per day oral pill versus a subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks (MAD=16.6%), has a 2-day over 2-week onset of action (MAD=11.3%), and can be used for flare management (MAD=5.8%).ConclusionsAlthough patients with AD most valued treatment benefits and risks, they were willing to tolerate reduced efficacy to obtain a rapid onset, oral administration, less frequent monitoring and a treatment that can be paused. Understanding patients’ preferences for AD therapies, including new targeted therapies, can aid shared decision-making between clinicians and patients and support health technology assessments.
Effectiveness of the implementation of a perinatal bereavement care training programme on nurses and midwives: protocol for a mixed-method study
Authors: Qian Jialu , Sun Shiwen , Wang Man , Liu Lu , Yu Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe psychological outcomes for many parents who experience perinatal loss depend on nursing staff’s ability to provide effective bereavement support. However, most nurses and midwives lack the ability to provide bereavement care and suffer from heavy emotional burden. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the perinatal bereavement care training programme on nurses and midwives to increase their perinatal bereavement care confidence (PBCC) and to reduce secondary traumatic stress and emotional exhaustion.Methods and analysisThis study will follow a mixed methodology consisting of two stages. The first stage will adopt a pre/post repeated quasi-experimental design without a control group. The second stage will use a qualitative interview study. This study will be conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in China in 2022–2023. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board in January of 2020. Outcome measures will be assessed using the Chinese version of the PBCC, STS and the EE subscale of Chinese Burn-out Inventory at baseline, postintervention and at the 3-month follow-up. Participants will be interviewed to understand their perceptions of the training programme.Ethics and disseminationThis research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Women’s Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University (IRB no. 20210091). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and academic conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100049730.
Urinary HER2, TWEAK and VCAM-1 levels are associated with new-onset proteinuria in paediatric lupus nephritis
Authors: Costa-Reis Patricia , Maurer Kelly , Petri Michelle A , Levy Erez Daniella , Zhao Xue , Faig Walter , Burnham Jon , O'Neil Kathleen , Klein-Gitelman Marisa S , von Scheven Emily , Schanberg Laura Eve , Sullivan Kathleen E 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveLupus nephritis is a key driver of morbidity and mortality in SLE. Detecting active nephritis on a background of pre-existing renal damage is difficult, leading to potential undertreatment and accumulating injury. An unmet need is a biomarker that distinguishes active lupus nephritis, particularly important in paediatrics where minimising invasive procedures is desirable.MethodsThis was a multicentre, prospective study of 113 paediatric patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. Clinical data and urine were obtained every 3–4 months and patients averaged 2 years on study with seven time points. Urine was analysed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by ELISA. We defined active disease as either a rise in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL from baseline or a rise in renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score from the previous visit. These markers were also studied in patients with acute kidney injury, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), amplified pain syndrome and healthy controls.ResultsThe rate of active disease was 56% over an average of 2 years of follow-up. HER2 and VCAM-1 were significantly elevated at time points with active disease defined by increased serum creatinine compared with time points with inactive disease or patients who never flared. All three biomarkers were associated with new-onset proteinuria and VCAM-1 was elevated at time points preceding new-onset proteinuria. These biomarkers were not increased in acute kidney injury or JIA.ConclusionAll three biomarkers were associated with new onset proteinuria and increased VCAM-1 may predict impending proteinuria. These biomarkers provide potential non-invasive measures for monitoring that may be more sensitive to impending flare than conventional measures.
Pain management for the Nuss procedure: comparison between erector spinae plane block, thoracic epidural, and control
Authors: Santana Lisgelia , Driggers John , Carvalho Norman F 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivePectus excavatum is a congenital deformity characterized by a caved-in chest wall. Repair requires surgery. The less invasive Nuss procedure is very successful, but postoperative pain management is challenging and evolving. New pain management techniques to reduce opioid reliance include the erector spinae plane (ESP) block. We retrospectively examined opioid consumption after Nuss procedure comparing three pain management techniques: ESP block, thoracic epidural (TE), and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study compared pain management outcomes of three patient groups. Seventy-eight subjects aged 10–18 years underwent Nuss procedure at our institution between January 2014 and January 2020. The primary outcome measure was opioid consumption measured in morphine milligram equivalents. Secondary measures included pain ratings and length of stay (LOS). Pain was quantified using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. Analysis of variance was performed on all outcome measures.ResultsAverage cumulative opioid use was significantly lower in the ESP block (67 mg) than the TE (117 mg) (p=0.0002) or the PCA group (172 mg) (p=0.0002). The ESP block and PCA groups both had a significantly shorter average LOS (3.3 and 3.7 days, respectively) than the TE group (4.7 days). ESP block performed best for reducing opioid consumption and LOS. Reduced opioid consumption is key for limiting side effects. This study supports use of ESP block as a superior choice when choosing among the three postoperative pain management options that were evaluated.ConclusionESP resulted in reduced opioid consumption postoperatively and shorter LOS than TE or PCA for patients undergoing the Nuss procedure for surgical repair of pectus excavatum.
The charm-quark contribution to light-by-light scattering in the muon $$(g-2)$$ from lattice QCD
Authors: Chao En-Hung , Hudspith Renwick J. , Gérardin Antoine , Green Jeremy R. , Meyer Harvey B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe compute the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

from the charm quark using lattice QCD. The calculation is performed on ensembles generated with dynamical (u, d, s) quarks at the SU(3)$$_\mathrm{f}$$

f

symmetric point with degenerate pion and kaon masses of around 415 MeV. It includes the connected charm contribution, as well as the leading disconnected Wick contraction, involving the correlation between a charm and a light-quark loop. Cutoff effects turn out to be sizeable, which leads us to use lighter-than-physical charm masses, to employ a broad range of lattice spacings reaching down to 0.039 fm and to perform a combined charm-mass and continuum extrapolation. We use the $$\eta _c$$

η
c

meson to define the physical charm-mass point and obtain a final value of $$a_\mu ^\mathrm{HLbL,c}= (2.8\pm 0.5) \times 10^{-11}$$

a
μ

HLbL
,
c

=

(
2.8
±
0.5
)

×

10

-
11

, whose uncertainty is dominated by the systematics of the extrapolation. Our result is consistent with the estimate based on a simple charm-quark loop, whilst being free of any perturbative scheme dependence on the charm mass. The mixed charm–light disconnected contraction contributes a small negative amount to the final value.
The impact of financial risk attitude on objective-oriented investment behavior
Authors: Shehzad Aamir , Qureshi Shahzadah Fahed , Saeed Muhammad Zubair , Ali Shahid 
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of financial risk attitude (FRA) on objective-oriented investment behavior (OOIB) of investors, particularly in underdeveloped countries, by introducing two novel constructs, namely financial satisfaction (FS) as a mediating variable and financial self-efficacy (FSE) as a moderating variable. A cross-sectional and a quantitative approach was used to collect 300 practical responses from active investors through an online questionnaire and a face-to-face interview. To test the hypothesized relationship between the constructed variables, SPSS and Smart PSL were used. According to the analysis, FRA positively impacts OOIB among Pakistani investors. Further, the moderating effect of FSE was found to be significantly positive in the relationship between FRA and FS. Additionally, FS mediates the relationship between FRA and OOIB. Accordingly, a FRA predicts FS and objective-driven investing behavior. This research will be helpful for institutional investors in providing financial services. The study is the first attempt in Pakistan to introduce FS as a mediating construct between FRA and OOIB. Furthermore, this study provides a basis for examining the relationship between FRA and FS as a moderating variable.
The Mechanism of Inflammatory Factors and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Regulated by Nuclear Transcription Factor NF-κB in Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Su Qingfeng , Zhang Linhu , Qi Zhenhui , Huang Bo 
Published: July 2022

This work is aimed at exploring the mechanism of inflammatory factors and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) regulated by nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) in unstable angina pectoris (UAP). 60 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 60 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), and some healthy people (controls) were selected and included. Peripheral venous blood (PVB) of all subjects was collected to detect blood routine. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted for detecting Visfatin, sVCAM-1, soluble intervascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and inflammatory factors; flow cytometry (FCM) was to detect the CD63 and CD62P; real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qPCR) was employed to detect the NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and REL mRNA. The hs-CRP results of UAP group, SAP group, and control group were

11.12
±
1.5

mg/L,

10.23
±
1.3

mg/L, and

4.51
±
1.1

mg/L, respectively. The CD62P results of UAP group, SAP group, and control group were

16.07
±
2.5

%,

11.09
±
1.8

%, and

22.15
±
0.4

%, respectively. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), CD63, CD62P, NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and REL mRNA were obviously higher in the SAP group compared than the indicator values in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The relative REL expression results of UAP group, SAP group, and control group were

3.77
±
1.5

,

2.2
±
0.6

, and

1
±
0.4

, respectively. The inflammatory factors, Visfatin, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, CD63, CD62P, NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and REL mRNA in the UAP group showed higher levels in contrast to the other two groups (

P
<
0.05

). In summary, UAP patients had marked activation of the IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis, high expressions of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, and activation of the NF-κB pathway. Increase of inflammatory factors and sVCAM-1 regulated by NF-κB was closely correlated with UAP.
Evaluation of Optimal Dietary Protein Levels for Juvenile Hybrid Abalone under Three Temperatures: Growth Performance, Body Composition, Biochemical Responses, and Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Ma Yao-Bin , Zou Wei-Guang , Ai Chun-Xiang , You Wei-Wei , Liu Sheng-Tai , Luo Xuan , Ke Cai-Huan 
Published: August 2022

We studied the effects of dietary protein levels and water temperatures on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemistry, and digestive gland antioxidant enzyme activities of juvenile hybrid abalones Haliotis discus hannai♀ × H. fulgens♂ (

1.47
±
0.03

g

;

20.73
±
0.16

mm

). A

3
×
6

factorial design feeding trial was conducted with three water temperatures (19°C, 23°C, and 27°C) and six protein levels (152.5, 202.5, 252.6, 302.6, 352.7, and 402.7 g/kg) for 90 days. Dietary protein levels and temperature significantly affected the growth performance of the hybrid abalones, but there was no interaction effect except for daily increment in shell length. Body moisture decreased with increasing water temperature, and crude protein showed a contrary tendency. Crude lipid and ash were not affected by dietary protein level or water temperature. The alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and the triglyceride content in serum increased with increasing water temperature, whereas the opposite was true for albumin activity and total protein and glucose contents. Total cholesterol contents decreased with increasing dietary protein levels. Dietary protein levels and water temperature did not affect contents of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (

P
>
0.05

). A significant interaction was observed between dietary protein levels and water temperature in all antioxidation parameters (reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase except for malondialdehyde content). Based on specific growth rate, the optimal dietary protein levels for juvenile hybrid abalones were 333.1, 318.6, and 306.3 g protein/kg diet at 19°C, 23°C, and 27°C, respectively. These findings will help to develop multidiet feeding strategies at different water temperatures throughout the culture period of juvenile hybrid abalones.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Alters Intratumoral CD8+ T-cell Subtype Composition and Activity
Authors: Tieniber Andrew D. , Hanna Andrew N. , Medina Benjamin D. , Vitiello Gerardo A. , Etherington Mark S. , Liu Mengyuan , Do Kevin J. , Rossi Ferdinando , DeMatteo Ronald P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Targeted therapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) such as imatinib is effective in treating gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but it is rarely curative. Despite the presence of a robust immune CD8+ T-cell infiltrate, combining a TKI with immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) in advanced GIST has achieved only modest effects. To identify limitations imposed by imatinib on the antitumor immune response, we performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA-seq, and flow cytometry to phenotype CD8+ T-cell subsets in a genetically engineered mouse model of GIST. Imatinib reduced the frequency of effector CD8+ T cells and increased the frequency of naïve CD8+ T cells within mouse GIST, which coincided with altered tumor chemokine production, CD8+ T-cell recruitment, and reduced CD8+ T-cell intracellular PI3K signaling. Imatinib also failed to induce intratumoral T-cell receptor (TCR) clonal expansion. Consistent with these findings, human GISTs sensitive to imatinib harbored fewer effector CD8+ T cells but more naïve CD8+ T cells. Combining an IL15 superagonist (IL15SA) with imatinib restored intratumoral effector CD8+ T-cell function and CD8+ T-cell intracellular PI3K signaling, resulting in greater tumor destruction. Combination therapy with IL15SA and ICB resulted in the greatest tumor killing and maintained an effector CD8+ T-cell population in the presence of imatinib. Our findings highlight the impact of oncogene inhibition on intratumoral CD8+ T cells and support the use of agonistic T-cell therapy during TKI and/or ICB administration.
Variations of Summer Extreme and Total Precipitation over Southeast Asia and Associated Atmospheric and Oceanic Features
Authors: Xu Lianlian , Zhang Tuantuan , Wang Aihui , Yu Wei , Yang Song 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Southeast Asia lies at the heart of heavy precipitation on Earth, and a large amount of latent heat released here provides substantial energy for the global atmospheric circulation. Utilizing gauge-based daily precipitation and the self-organizing map technique, the summertime extreme and total precipitation over Southeast Asia during 1979–2019 are classified into three and five distinct patterns, respectively. The three extreme precipitation clusters are characterized by southern dry and northern wet (C1_extreme), overall wet (C2_extreme), and northern dry and southern wet (C3_extreme) structures. The frequencies of these patterns exhibit increasing trends during the analysis, although they are not statistically significant for C1_extreme. The C1_extreme pattern is accompanied by an anomalous cyclone over the South China Sea in response to negative Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). The C2_extreme and C3_extreme clusters are characterized by a westward extension of the western Pacific subtropical high, regulated by cool SSTAs over the tropical central-eastern Pacific that are induced by the tropical North Atlantic warming and the tropical Pacific and Atlantic SSTAs, respectively. For total precipitation, the first and second clusters show overall dry distributions, which are mainly composed of nonextreme precipitation. The spatial patterns and atmospheric and oceanic features associated with the other three clusters of total precipitation bear large resemblances to those of C1_extreme, C2_extreme, and C3_extreme, respectively, but their trends exhibit smaller similarities. Comparing the differences between extreme and total precipitation over Southeast Asia could improve our understanding of their regional variabilities and relationships, and potentially their global impacts.

Significance Statement
We explore the atmospheric and oceanic processes associated with extreme precipitation, and compare them with those for total precipitation over Southeast Asia. The three key modes of summertime extreme precipitation over Southeast Asia are characterized by southern drought and northern flood, overall flood, and northern drought and southern flood structures. Each pattern is closely linked to tropical sea surface temperature anomalies, but in different regions. Total precipitation can be classified into five distinct patterns. The first two modes are largely determined by nonextreme precipitation, while the other three bear large resemblances to the three extreme precipitation modes. These findings provide guidance on what is the key factor in driving each extreme precipitation mode over Southeast Asia, allowing better prediction.