bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOA Estimation of Linear Dipole Array With Known Mutual Coupling Based on ESPRIT and MUSIC
Authors: Bensalem Mohamed , Barkat Ouarda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, multiple signal classification and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) algorithms are proposed to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple incident signals under known mutual coupling among elements of the antenna array. These algorithms use the same subspace based techniques to achieve the separation of the eigenvectors into two subspaces: the signal space and the noise space. However, ESPRIT only uses the signal space. The performance of subspace based DOA estimation algorithm is evaluated using uniform linear arrays of dipole elements. The simulation results show the exact number of samples and elements, signal‐to‐noise ratio and spacing between the antennas elements used are the most important parameters in the algorithms, to sustain the accuracy of the DOA of the incident signals. The problem of calculating mutual coupling coefficient of the array elements is formed into a matrix has been considered. It is shown from the simulation results that the performance of the DOA estimation techniques considering the mutual coupling effect can be improved by the proposed compensation method. The different results obtained are in good agreement with those of the literature.
Contextualizing Inflow and Infiltration Within the Streamflow Regime of Urban Watersheds
Authors: Pangle Luke A. , Diem Jeremy E. , Milligan Richard , Adams Ellis , Murray Allison 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDefects in sanitary‐sewer infrastructure enable exchange of large volumes of fluids to and from the environment. The intrusion of rainfall and groundwater into sanitary sewers is called inflow and infiltration (I&I). Though long recognized in the assessment of sewers, the impacts of I&I on streamflow within urban watersheds are unknown. We quantified rainfall‐derived I&I (RDI&I), groundwater infiltration (GI), and total I&I using measured flows within sanitary‐sewer pipes serving four watersheds near Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Flows were monitored in pipes that parallel local stream channels and compared with streamflow measured at nearby gauging sites. Freshwater diverted into the sewer system due to I&I ranged from 24% to 36% of the flow measured within individual pipes. The RDI&I was the smaller component of I&I, ranging from 4.2 to 9.8 mm per year among watersheds. The GI was typically an order of magnitude greater than RDI&I, ranging from 24 to 41 mm per year among watersheds with annual stream discharge of approximately 500 mm. The I&I occurring at specific moments in time commonly represented 0%–20% of the flow measured in the adjacent stream. The enhancement of low flows in streams that could be achievable if I&I were abated ranges from as much as 6%–36% across watersheds. Our discussion presents explanations for the seasonality of I&I and associated impacts on streamflow in urban watersheds, while identifying important sources of remaining uncertainty. Our results support the conclusion that I&I substantially reduces flows in urban streams, especially low flows during dry weather.
Oxygen saturation and heart rate in healthy term and late preterm infants with delayed cord clamping
Authors: Lara-Cantón Inmaculada , Badurdeen Shiraz , Dekker Janneke , Davis Peter , Roberts Calum , te Pas Arjan , Vento Máximo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Blood oxygen in the fetus is substantially lower than in the newborn infant. In the minutes after birth, arterial oxygen saturation rises from around 50–60% to 90–95%. Initial respiratory efforts generate negative trans-thoracic pressures that drive liquid from the airways into the lung interstitium facilitating lung aeration, blood oxygenation, and pulmonary artery vasodilatation. Consequently, intra- (foramen ovale) and extra-cardiac (ductus arteriosus) shunting changes and the sequential circulation switches to a parallel pulmonary and systemic circulation. Delaying cord clamping preserves blood flow through the ascending vena cava, thus increasing right and left ventricular preload. Recently published reference ranges have suggested that delayed cord clamping positively influenced the fetal-to-neonatal transition. Oxygen saturation in babies with delayed cord clamping plateaus significantly earlier to values of 85–90% than in babies with immediate cord clamping. Delayed cord clamping may also contribute to fewer episodes of brady-or-tachycardia in the first minutes after birth, but data from randomized trials are awaited.

Impact

Delaying cord clamping during fetal to neonatal transition contributes to a significantly earlier plateauing of oxygen saturation and fewer episodes of brady-and/or-tachycardia in the first minutes after birth.

We provide updated information regarding the changes in SpO2 and HR during postnatal adaptation of term and late preterm infants receiving delayed compared with immediate cord clamping.

Nomograms in newborn infants with delayed cord clamping will provide valuable reference ranges to establish target SpO2 and HR in the first minutes after birth.
Temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with DNase I alleviates epidural fibrosis in a mouse model of laminectomy
Authors: Sun Jinpeng , Wang Gang , Wang Haoran , Hua Feng , Song Zeyuan , Jin Zhen , Liu Jun , Xin Hongliang , Zhang Mingshun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExcessive epidural fibrosis attached to the dura mater is the major cause of recurrent failed back surgery syndrome after spine surgery. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) promote epidural fibrosis, raising the possibility that the DNA backbone of NETs may be a potential target in the therapy of epidural fibrosis. Human body temperature-sensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel solutions were prepared to encapsulate DNase I, which gradually decomposed in vivo. DNase I, which was released from temperature-sensitive hydrogels, destroyed the DNA backbone of NETs and dispersed the clustering of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in NETs. Evidence from MRI, H&E and Masson staining supported that hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogels loaded with DNase I were nontoxic and reduced epidural fibrosis. As expected, fibronectin in the wound was significantly abridged in the mice treated with hydrogels loaded with DNase I. Compared with the gelatin sponge absorbing DNase I, temperature-sensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogels loaded with DNase I were more powerful in the therapy of epidural fibrosis. These results indicate that temperature-sensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogels were effective in DNase I encapsulation and alleviation of epidural fibrosis in a mouse model of laminectomy.
Parametric estimation of gyrotactic microorganism hybrid nanofluid flow between the conical gap of spinning disk-cone apparatus
Authors: Alrabaiah Hussam , Bilal Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Altaf , Muhammad Taseer , Legas Endris Yimer 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe silver, magnesium oxide and gyrotactic microorganism-based hybrid nanofluid flow inside the conical space between disc and cone is addressed in the perspective of thermal energy stabilization. Different cases have been discussed between the spinning of cone and disc in the same or counter wise directions. The hybrid nanofluid has been synthesized in the presence of silver Ag and magnesium oxide MgO nanoparticulate. The viscous dissipation and the magnetic field factors are introduced to the modeled equations. The parametric continuation method (PCM) is utilized to numerically handle the modeled problem. Magnesium oxide is chemically made up of Mg2+ and O2- ions that are bound by a strong ionic connection and can be made by pyrolyzing Mg(OH)2 (magnesium hydroxide) and MgCO3 (magnesium carbonate) at high temperature (700–1500 °C). For metallurgical, biomedical and electrical implementations, it is more efficient. Similarly, silver nanoparticle's antibacterial properties could be employed to control bacterial growth. It has been observed that a circulating disc with a stationary cone can achieve the optimum cooling of the cone-disk apparatus while the outer edge temperature remains fixed. The thermal energy profile remarkably upgraded with the magnetic effect, the addition of nanoparticulate in base fluid and Eckert number.
Contactless facial video recording with deep learning models for the detection of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sun Yu , Yang Yin-Yin , Wu Bing-Jhang , Huang Po-Wei , Cheng Shao-En , Wu Bing-Fei , Chen Chun-Chang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is often asymptomatic and paroxysmal. Screening and monitoring are needed especially for people at high risk. This study sought to use camera-based remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) with a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) learning model for AF detection. All participants were classified into groups of AF, normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and other abnormality based on 12-lead ECG. They then underwent facial video recording for 10 min with rPPG signals extracted and segmented into 30-s clips as inputs of the training of DCNN models. Using voting algorithm, the participant would be predicted as AF if > 50% of their rPPG segments were determined as AF rhythm by the model. Of the 453 participants (mean age, 69.3 ± 13.0 years, women, 46%), a total of 7320 segments (1969 AF, 1604 NSR & 3747others) were analyzed by DCNN models. The accuracy rate of rPPG with deep learning model for discriminating AF from NSR and other abnormalities was 90.0% and 97.1% in 30-s and 10-min recording, respectively. This contactless, camera-based rPPG technique with a deep-learning model achieved significantly high accuracy to discriminate AF from non-AF and may enable a feasible way for a large-scale screening or monitoring in the future.
Electrical performance of efficient quad-crescent-shaped Si nanowire solar cell
Authors: El-Bashar Ramy , Hussein Mohamed , Hegazy Salem F. , Badr Yehia , Rahman B. M. A. , Grattan Kenneth T. V. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat. O. , Obayya Salah S. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe electrical characteristics of quad-crescent-shaped silicon nanowire (NW) solar cells (SCs) are numerically analyzed and as a result their performance optimized. The structure discussed consists of four crescents, forming a cavity that permits multiple light scattering with high trapping between the NWs. Additionally, new modes strongly coupled to the incident light are generated along the NWs. As a result, the optical absorption has been increased over a large portion of light wavelengths and hence the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has been improved. The electron–hole (e–h) generation rate in the design reported has been calculated using the 3D finite difference time domain method. Further, the electrical performance of the SC reported has been investigated through the finite element method, using the Lumerical charge software package. In this investigation, the axial and core–shell junctions were analyzed looking at the reported crescent and, as well, conventional NW designs. Additionally, the doping concentration and NW-junction position were studied in this design proposed, as well as the carrier-recombination-and-lifetime effects. This study has revealed that the high back surface field layer used improves the conversion efficiency by $$\sim$$
∼
80%. Moreover, conserving the NW radial shell as a low thickness layer can efficiently reduce the NW sidewall recombination effect. The PCE and short circuit current were determined to be equal to 18.5% and 33.8 mA$$/\hbox {cm}^2$$

/

cm
2

for the axial junction proposed. However, the core–shell junction shows figures of 19% and 34.9 mA$$/\hbox {cm}^2$$

/

cm
2

. The suggested crescent design offers an enhancement of 23% compared to the conventional NW, for both junctions. For a practical surface recombination velocity of $$10^{2}$$

10
2

cm/s, the PCE of the proposed design, in the axial junction, has been reduced to 16.6%, with a reduction of 11%. However, the core–shell junction achieves PCE of 18.7%, with a slight reduction of 1.6%. Therefore, the optoelectronic performance of the core–shell junction was marginally affected by the NW surface recombination, compared to the axial junction.
Characteristic parameters of photonic nanojets of single dielectric microspheres illuminated by focused broadband radiation
Authors: Mandal Amartya , Tiwari Pragya , Upputuri Paul K. , Dantham Venkata R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, we report the theoretical investigation on the photonic nanojets (PNJs) of single dielectric microspheres illuminated by focused broadband radiation (polychromatic light) from a Halogen lamp, supercontinuum source, light-emitting diode, and Hg arc lamp. The role of incident beam waist, refractive index of the surrounding medium, and radius of the microsphere on the characteristic parameters such as the electric field intensity enhancement, effective width, and length of the PNJ is studied. Interestingly, the characteristic parameters of the PNJs of solid microspheres obtained for the above-mentioned broadband radiation sources are found close to those observed for the focused monochromatic radiation of wavelengths which are near to the central wavelengths of the sources. Moreover, the characteristic parameters of PNJs of the core–shell microspheres of different thicknesses (t) illuminated by polychromatic radiation from most commonly used sources such as Halogen and Hg arc lamps are studied. For each t value, a suitable wavelength of monochromatic radiation has been found to generate the PNJ with characteristic parameters which are close to those obtained in the case of polychromatic radiation. We believe that the analytical theory and the theoretical simulations reported here would be useful for researchers who work in the fields such as PNJ assisted photoacoustic spectroscopy, white light nanoscopy, low-coherence phase-shifting interference microscopy, and Mirau interferometry.
Discovering cell types using manifold learning and enhanced visualization of single-cell RNA-Seq data
Authors: Vasighizaker Akram , Danda Saiteja , Rueda Luis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentifying relevant disease modules such as target cell types is a significant step for studying diseases. High-throughput single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-seq) technologies have advanced in recent years, enabling researchers to investigate cells individually and understand their biological mechanisms. Computational techniques such as clustering, are the most suitable approach in scRNA-seq data analysis when the cell types have not been well-characterized. These techniques can be used to identify a group of genes that belong to a specific cell type based on their similar gene expression patterns. However, due to the sparsity and high-dimensionality of scRNA-seq data, classical clustering methods are not efficient. Therefore, the use of non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques to improve clustering results is crucial. We introduce a method that is used to identify representative clusters of different cell types by combining non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques and clustering algorithms. We assess the impact of different dimensionality reduction techniques combined with the clustering of thirteen publicly available scRNA-seq datasets of different tissues, sizes, and technologies. We further performed gene set enrichment analysis to evaluate the proposed method’s performance. As such, our results show that modified locally linear embedding combined with independent component analysis yields overall the best performance relative to the existing unsupervised methods across different datasets.
Calculating the force-dependent unbinding rate of biological macromolecular bonds from force-ramp optical trapping assays
Authors: Paul Apurba , Alper Joshua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe non-covalent biological bonds that constitute protein–protein or protein–ligand interactions play crucial roles in many cellular functions, including mitosis, motility, and cell–cell adhesion. The effect of external force ($$F$$
F
) on the unbinding rate ($${k}_{\text{off}}\left(F\right)$$

k
off

F

) of macromolecular interactions is a crucial parameter to understanding the mechanisms behind these functions. Optical tweezer-based single-molecule force spectroscopy is frequently used to obtain quantitative force-dependent dissociation data on slip, catch, and ideal bonds. However, analyses of this data using dissociation time or dissociation force histograms often quantitatively compare bonds without fully characterizing their underlying biophysical properties. Additionally, the results of histogram-based analyses can depend on the rate at which force was applied during the experiment and the experiment’s sensitivity. Here, we present an analytically derived cumulative distribution function-like approach to analyzing force-dependent dissociation force spectroscopy data. We demonstrate the benefits and limitations of the technique using stochastic simulations of various bond types. We show that it can be used to obtain the detachment rate and force sensitivity of biological macromolecular bonds from force spectroscopy experiments by explicitly accounting for loading rate and noisy data. We also discuss the implications of our results on using optical tweezers to collect force-dependent dissociation data.
Soluble programmed cell death-1 predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development during nucleoside analogue treatment
Authors: Kozuka Ritsuzo , Enomoto Masaru , Dong Minh Phuong , Hai Hoang , Thuy Le Thi Thanh , Odagiri Naoshi , Yoshida Kanako , Kotani Kohei , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Kawamura Etsushi , Hagihara Atsushi , Fujii Hideki , Uchida-Kobayashi Sawako , Tamori Akihiro , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoluble immune checkpoint molecules are emerging novel mediators of immune regulation. However, it is unclear whether soluble immune checkpoint proteins affect the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. This study included 122 NA-naïve patients who received NA therapy. We assessed the associations of clinical factors, including soluble immune checkpoint proteins, with HCC development during NA treatment. The baseline serum concentrations of 16 soluble immune checkpoint proteins were measured using multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay. In total, 13 patients developed HCC during the follow-up period (median duration, 4.3 years). Of the 16 proteins, soluble inducible T-cell co-stimulator (≥ 164.71 pg/mL; p = 0.014), soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) (≤ 447.27 pg/mL; p = 0.031), soluble CD40 (≤ 493.68 pg/mL; p = 0.032), and soluble herpes virus entry mediator (≤ 2470.83 pg/mL; p = 0.038) were significantly associated with HCC development (log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, an sPD-1 level ≤ 447.27 pg/mL (p = 0.014; hazard ratio [HR], 4.537) and α-fetoprotein level ≥ 6.4 ng/mL (p = 0.040; HR, 5.524) were independently and significantly associated with HCC development. Pre-treatment sPD-1 is a novel predictive biomarker for HCC development during NA treatment.
Midbrain injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kwon Young Hyeon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigated the characteristics of midbrain injuries in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-seven patients with SAH and 25 healthy control subjects were recruited for this study. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) data were obtained for four regions of the midbrain (the anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum area, and tectum) in 27 hemispheres that did not show any pathology other than SAH. The mean FA and MD values of the four regions of the midbrain (anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum) of the patient group were significantly lower and higher than those of the control group, respectively (p < 0.05). The mean FA values of the patient group were significantly different among the anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum regions (ANOVA; F = 3.22, p < 0.05). Post hoc testing showed that the mean FA value of the anterior ventral midbrain was significantly lower than those of the posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum (p < 0.05); in contrast, there were no differences in mean FA values of the posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum (p > 0.05). However, differences were not observed among four regions of the midbrain (anterior ventral midbrain, posterior ventral midbrain, tegmentum, and tectum) in the mean MD values. We detected evidence of neural injury in all four regions of the midbrain of patients with SAH, and the anterior ventral midbrain was the most severely injured among four regions of the midbrain. Our results suggest that a pathophysiological mechanism of these neural injuries might be related to the occurrence of a subarachnoid hematoma.
Frequency and component analysis of contaminants generated in preparation of anticancer agents using closed system drug transfer devices (CSTDs)
Authors: Sumikawa Satomi , Yakushijin Yoshihiro , Aogi Kenjiro , Yano Takuya , Hiroki  , Hashimoto  , Tsukui Chiyuki , Noguchi Tadashi , Shiraishi Taro , Horikawa Yasuhiro , Yasuoka Yasuo , Tanaka Akihiro , Hidaka Noriaki , Tanaka Mamoru 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOccupational exposure of anticancer agents during their preparation has been recognized as a serious hazard. Closed system drug transfer devices (CSTDs) enable “safe” preparation of agents for medical personnel and ensure a safe hospital environment. However, artificial particles of infusion materials have been reported during CSTD use. Here, the incidence of insoluble fine particles during preparation of anticancer agents using CSTDs was examined. Visible insoluble fine particles were found in 465 (9.4%) of 4948 treatment cases at Ehime University Hospital with CSTD use. Contaminants occurred more frequently during preparation of monoclonal antibodies than cytotoxic anticancer agents (19.4% vs. 4.1%, respectively, P < 0.01). A similar survey was conducted at nine hospitals to investigate the incidence of insoluble fine particles with or without CSTDs. Insoluble fine particles were detected in 113 (15.4%) of 732 treatment cases during preparation of monoclonal antibodies with CSTD use. In contrast, the occurrence of insoluble fine particles without CSTDs was found in only 3 (0.073%) of 4113 treatment cases. Contamination with CSTDs might cause harmful effects on patients during cancer therapy. We strongly recommend the use of in-line filters combined with infusion routes after CSTD use to avoid contamination-associated adverse events.