bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous adakites from the Liaodong Peninsula: insight into the lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton
Authors: Wang Chao , Sun Jinlei , Shen Yanjie , Tian Tao , Li Jinyu , Qian Ye , Sun Fengyue 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLithospheric thinning occurred in the North China Craton (NCC) that resulted in extensive Mesozoic magmatism, which has provided the opportunity to explore the mechanism of the destruction of the NCC. In this study, new zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical and Lu–Hf isotopic data are presented for Early Cretaceous adakitic rocks in the Liaodong Peninsula, with the aim of establishing their origin as well as the thinning mechanism of the NCC. The zircon U–Pb data show that crystallization occurred during 127–120 Ma (i.e. Early Cretaceous). These rocks are characterized by high Sr (294–711 ppm) content and Sr/Y ratio (38.5–108), low Yb (0.54–1.24 ppm) and Y (4.9–16.4 ppm) contents, and with no obvious Eu anomalies, implying that they are adakitic rocks. They are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (e.g. Ba, K, Pb and Sr) and depleted in high-field-strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, P and Ti). These adakitic rocks have negative zirconϵHf(t) contents (−28.9 to −15.0) with two-stage Hf model ages (TDM2) of 3004–2131 Ma. Based on the geochemical features, such as low TiO2and MgO contents, and high La/Yb and K2O/Na2O ratios, these adakites originated from the partial melting of thickened eclogitic lower crust. They were in an extensional setting associated with the slab rollback of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean. In combination with previous studies, as a result of the rapid retracting of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean during 130–120 Ma, the asthenosphere upwelled and modified the thickened lithospheric mantle, which lost its stability, resulting in the lithospheric delamination and thinning of the NCC.
Steinernema populin. sp. (Panagrolaimomorpha, Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species from China
Authors: Tian C.L. , Zhu F. , Li X.Y. , Zhang J.H. , Půža V. , Shapiro-Ilan D. , Zhao D. , Liu J.W. , Zhou J.J. , Ding Y. , Wang J.C. , Ma J. , Zhu X.F. , Li M.H. , Li J.P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSteinernema populin. sp. was recovered by baiting from beneath poplar trees in China. Morphological and molecular features provided evidence for placing the new species into theKushidaiclade. The new species is characterized by the following morphological features: third-stage infective juveniles (IJ) with a body length of 1095 (973–1172) μm, a distance from the anterior end to excretory pore of 77 (70–86) μm and a tail length of 64 (55–72) μm. The Body length/Tail length (c) ratio and Anterior end to Excretory pore/ Tail length × 100 (E%) ofS.populin. sp. are substantially greater than those of all other ‘Feltiae–Kushidai–Monticolum’ group members. The first-generation males can be recognized by a spicule length of 66 (57–77) μm and a gubernaculum length of 46 (38–60) μm. The new species is further characterized by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and partial 28S regions of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analyses show thatSteinernema akhurstiandSteinernema kushidaiare the closest relatives toS.populin. sp.
Seawater warming favours the northward range expansion of Lessepsian species in the Mediterranean Sea: the cephalaspidean Lamprohaminoea ovalis
Authors: Azzola Annalisa , Furfaro Giulia , Trainito Egidio , Doneddu Mauro , Montefalcone Monica 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMonitoring the spread of non-indigenous species is fundamental to study global warming effects on marine biodiversity. A valuable tool is represented by the continuous updating of the geographic range expansion of non-indigenous species. Lamprohaminoea ovalis is a Lessepsian mollusc initially recorded in the Mediterranean Sea in 2001. This paper reports its range expansion over the last 20 years related to water warming. The first record of Lamprohaminoea ovalis from the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) is also reported. Two individuals (about 10 mm length) were observed on a sub-vertical rocky bottom at 26 m depth displaying potential trailing behaviour. This recent finding extends the currently known distributional range of Lamprohaminoea ovalis, representing the northernmost occurrence of this non-indigenous species in the western Mediterranean Sea.
DNA barcoding of commercially relevant marine fish species in Tunisian waters
Authors: Francisco Sara M. , Lima Cristina S. , Moreira Inês , Shahin Adel A. Basyouny , Ben Faleh Abderraouf 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDNA barcoding based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in mitochondrial DNA has been adopted as a global biological identification system for animals due to its accuracy compared with other classical taxonomic methods. The objective of this study was to establish a reference library with generated barcodes. A total of 84 fish specimens belonging to 37 commercially important marine fish species, representing five orders, 14 families and 30 genera, were sampled along the Tunisian coast and barcoded for the first time, obtaining 637 bp sequences. The average Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distances within species, genera and families were 0.52, 6.86 and 14.60%, respectively. The Maximum likelihood (ML) tree revealed distinct clusters in concurrence with the taxonomic status of the species. Our results confirmed the authentication of the barcode approach for the identification of the species examined and provide valuable information that would help ichthyologists to achieve better monitoring, conservation and management of fisheries in Tunisia.
Decision-making under risk and ambiguity in adults with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Atkinson-Clement Cyril , Lebreton Mael , Patsalides Leïla , de Liege Astrid , Klein Yanica , Roze Emmanuel , Deniau Emmanuelle , Hartmann Andreas , Palminteri Stefano , Worbe Yulia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTourette syndrome (TS) as well as its most common comorbidities are associated with a higher propensity for risky behaviour in everyday life. However, it is unclear whether this increased risk propensity in real-life contexts translates into a generally increased attitude towards risk. We aimed to assess decision-making under risk and ambiguity based on prospect theory by considering the effects of comorbidities and medication.MethodsFifty-four individuals with TS and 32 healthy controls performed risk and ambiguity decision-making tasks under both gains and losses conditions. Behavioural and computational parameters were evaluated using (i) univariate analysis to determine parameters difference taking independently; (ii) supervised multivariate analysis to evaluate whether our parameters could jointly account for between-group differences (iii) unsupervised multivariate analysis to explore the potential presence of sub-groups.ResultsExcept for general ‘noisier’ (less consistent) decisions in TS, we showed no specific risk-taking behaviour in TS or any relation with tics severity or antipsychotic medication. However, the presence of comorbidities was associated with distortion of decision-making. Specifically, TS with obsessive–compulsive disorder comorbidity was associated with a higher risk-taking profile to increase gain and a higher risk-averse profile to decrease loss. TS with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity was associated with risk-seeking in the ambiguity context to reduce a potential loss.ConclusionsImpaired valuation of risk and ambiguity was not related to TS per se. Our findings are important for clinical practice: the involvement of individuals with TS in real-life risky situations may actually rather result from other factors such as psychiatric comorbidities.
“Africa, the tragedy; Africa, the challenge” NEPAD and the new humanitarian agenda
Authors: Abraham Garth 
Published: July 2022

RésuméL'action humanitaire est associée à la fourniture d'une assistance extérieure en temps de crise. Le « nouvel agenda humanitaire » fait valoir aue ce type d'action humanitaire est impropre à combattre de manière adéquate les causes profondes des crises. L'action humanitaire devrait plutôt être orientée vers le développement. Tel est le principal objectif du Nouveau Partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique (NEPAD). De nombreux obstacles potentiels pourraient empêcher l'initiative de réaliser son objectif de régénération du continent. Celle-ci représente néanmoins quelque chose d'unique, et mérite donc l'attention – c'est une initiative d'inspiration africaine, qui tente d'imposer aux Africains la nécessité de véritablement reconnoître leurs responsabilités à l'égard de leurs concitoyens et du continent.
Citizens of the Wor(l)d? Metaphor and the Politics of Roman Language
Authors: Elder Olivia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn his discussion of Roman wind-names, Seneca the Younger employs a striking metaphor to describe the integration of the name of the south-east wind, Eurus, into Latin. The name Eurus, Seneca says, has been ‘granted citizenship’. This is one of six instances of the metaphor of ‘granting citizenship to words’ in surviving ancient texts. In this article, I use this metaphor as an entry-point to reconsider the importance of citizenship and language to ancient conceptions of Roman identity and status. The metaphor is revelatory of ancient thinking about what citizenship meant, what it depended on, and to whom and on whose authority it should be granted, questions that became urgent as citizenship spread across the Empire. Different versions of the metaphor offer tellingly divergent views of citizenship and of language. These reflect the tensions between origin and culture, inclusion and exclusion, cosmopolitanism and nativism, in contemporary notions of what it meant to be or belong as Roman.
A Profile of Social Participation in a Nationally Representative Sample of Canadian Older Adults: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Reynolds Kristin A. , Sommer Jordana , Mackenzie Corey S. , Koven Lesley 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSocial participation has tremendous implications for the physical and mental health of older adults. A growing body of Canadian literature has examined social participation among older adults, including frequency of participation; gender, age, and regional differences in participation; and associations with self-perceived health, loneliness, and life dissatisfaction. The current study adds to this important body of research, using a large, nationally representative sample of adults 45–85 years of age (Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging [CLSA] baseline data [n = 51,338]), to examine nuanced characteristics associated with social participation (socio-demographics, social support, cognitive ability, mental health, physical conditions), frequency of participation, and the relationship between the aforementioned characteristics and frequency of participation. Findings indicated that compared with those who reported infrequent/no participation, more frequent participation was associated with greater social support, higher cognitive abilities, increased satisfaction with life, fewer depressive symptoms, reduced odds of self-reported mood and anxiety disorders, and fewer self-reported physical conditions. Findings highlight the importance of active social participation, and have important implications for the development and implementation of accessible community programs across Canada.
Life Satisfaction and Influenza Vaccination Among Older Adults in Canada
Authors: Manneh Balanding , Andrew Melissa K. , Okechukwu Chidubem Ekpereamaka 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOlder adults have an increased risk of complications or death from influenza. Despite the benefits of vaccination for older adults, vaccination coverage among older adults ages 65 years and over is still below Canada’s national target of 80 per cent. As health–care-seeking behaviours are influenced by several factors, including life satisfaction, we investigated the relationship between life satisfaction and influenza vaccination among older adults. A sample (n = 22,424) from the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey data was analysed using descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Higher life satisfaction was associated with a more recent influenza vaccination history. Vaccination differed by gender, age, and self-reported health status, as women, much older adults, and those with the poorest health status were more likely to be vaccinated. The study suggests an association between life satisfaction and influenza vaccination. More research into the factors that impact influenza vaccination in older adults is needed to increase vaccination coverage in the older adult population.
There are more women in joggeur·euses than in joggeurs: On the effects of gender-fair forms on perceived gender ratios in French role nouns
Authors: Tibblin Julia , van de Weijer Joost , Granfeldt Jonas , Gygax Pascal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present paper reports findings from a controlled large-scale (N = 1018) experimental study investigating how four different gender-fair forms influenced native French speakers’ estimated percentage of women compared to the masculine form (interpretable as generic) in 22 non-stereotyped French role nouns. The findings show that the masculine form generated lower perceived percentages of women compared to all other tested forms. In addition, gender-neutral and double forms were found equally efficient in resolving the male bias induced by the masculine form. Since the role nouns were non-stereotyped in terms of gender, these results suggest that the actual form of a role noun has indeed a strong influence on how the gender ratio of that role noun will be perceived. Moreover, the direction of the questionnaire’s response scale had a significant effect on the results, which entails methodological implications for future research. Finally, the provided ratios can be used for future studies investigating French role nouns in different gender-fair forms. In sum, our study suggests that gender-fair forms in French are an efficient tool for increasing the visibility of women, at least in nouns representing non-stereotypical activities.
The International Relations of APSA
Authors: Breuning Marijke 
Published: July 2022

In the July 2004 issue of PS, Ashu Varshney discussed the
internationalization of the APSA and made a number of valuable suggestions. I applaud the
APSA for bringing the discussion about internationalization into the association and
Varshney for reporting a list of suggestions. Here, I would like to offer a perspective that
supports the initiative but speaks from a different perspective in two ways: I am a faculty member at a primarily undergraduate
public liberal arts institution, the sort of institution that Varshney correctly claims
needs the assistance of the association to take advantage of the opportunities offered by
international connections. My institution is located in the Midwest, which is of some
relevance for the argument.I am, in Varshney's definition,
an international scholar. I obtained my Ph.D. in the U.S., but was born and raised in the
Netherlands. In addition, I would like to offer some further
observations regarding the reasons why and for whom internationalization is useful.
Cross-sectional examination of ultra-processed food consumption and adverse mental health symptoms
Authors: Hecht Eric M , Rabil Anna , Martinez Steele Euridice , Abrams Gary A , Ware Deanna , Landy David C , Hennekens Charles H 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective:To explore whether individuals who consume higher amounts of ultra-processed food (UPF) have more adverse mental health symptoms.Design:Using a cross-sectional design, we measured the consumption of UPF as a percentage of total energy intake in kilo-calories using the NOVA food classification system. We explored whether individuals who consume higher amounts of UPF were more likely to report mild depression, more mentally unhealthy days and more anxious days per month using multivariable analyses adjusting for potential confounding variables.Setting:Representative sample from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2012.Participants:10 359 adults aged 18+ without a history of cocaine, methamphetamine or heroin use.Results:After adjusting for covariates, individuals with the highest level of UPF consumption were significantly more likely to report at least mild depression (OR: 1·81; 95 % CI1·09, 3·02), more mentally unhealthy (risk ratio (RR): 1·22; 95 % CI 1·18, 1·25) and more anxious days per month (RR: 1·19; 95 % CI 1·16, 1·23). They were also significantly less likely to report zero mentally unhealthy (OR: 0·60; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·88) or anxious days (OR: 0·65; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·90).Conclusions:Individuals reporting higher intakes of UPF were significantly more likely to report mild depression, more mentally unhealthy and more anxious days and less likely to report zero mentally unhealthy or anxious days. These data add important information to a growing body of evidence concerning the potential adverse effects of UPF consumption on mental health.
Respect du droit international humanitaire par les forces des Nations
Unies
Authors: Ryniker Anne 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ever since the Security Council decided for the first time to send armed
forces into a troubled area, the question has remained open as to whether
such peace-keeping or peace-enforcement contingents were required to comply
with international humanitarian law when they had to use force. The ICRC has
always argued in favour of the applicability of that body of law, in
particular the 1949 Geneva Conventions, to operations conducted under the
control of the United Nations. Under the title « Observance by United
Nations forces of international humanitarian law» the United Nations
Secretary-General has now issued a set of fundamental principles and rules
of international humanitarian law applicable to forces conducting operations
under United Nations command and control. The text is given below.
Alfred Bernhard Nobel and the Peace Prize
Authors: Nobel Peter 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
Par son testament (daté du 27 novembre 1895), Alfred Nobel a établi,
entre autres, un prix pour récompenser un effort particulier en faveur de la
paix : le Prix Nobel de la Paix. L'auteur de l'article (un descendant de la
famille Nobel) rappelle qu'Alfred Nobel était impressionné par les multiples
guerres qui ont caractérisé la seconde moitié du XIXe
siècle. Certains prétendent que la création d'un prix pour la paix n'était
qu'un geste pour calmer la mauvaise conscience d'un homme qui avait acquis
une partie de son immense fortune grâce à l'industrie de l'armement.
Pourtant, très tôt, Alfred Nobel a montré une réelle sympathie pour les
mouvements en faveur de la paix (les contacts avec Bertha von Suttner en
sont une preuve), ce qui amène l'auteur à appeler Alfred Nobel «un homme de
paix». Il énumère ensuite les personnalites les plus en vue qui ont recu le
Prix apres Henry Dunant et Frederic Passy. L'auteur se déclare convaincu,
encore aujourd'hui, que l'existence même du Prix Nobel de la Paix valorise
l'engagement pour la paix et contribue ainsi à établir un monde sans
guerres.
Action humanitaire: une légitimité en question?
Authors: Pasquier André 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the concept of humanitarian action becoming disproportionately vast
and politicized, scaled down or diluted, the question is to what extent it
can, without seeing its own legitimacy seriously challenged, fill the vacuum
created by the lack of a consistent and predictable worldwide political
system. Between war and peace, this question casts its shadow on the broader
horizon of a world in search of a new political order, one that would be
better able to reconcile humanitarian requirements and political interests,
State sovereignty and respect for the fundamental rights of the individual.
The author looks for answers in the vast experience accumulated over the
years by the ICRC whose legitimacy in providing humanitarian assistance and
protection to war victims has traditionally been upheld by three elements.
The first of these is a set of principles whose raison d'être is to mark out
and define the humanitarian space within which it operates; the second is a
legal framework, made up today of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their
Additional Protocols of 1911, which enjoy universal acceptance; and the
third is the product of time, the legitimacy acquired through activities
conducted in the long term and through constant practice.
Global norms and international humanitarian law: an Asian
perspective
Authors: Thakur Ramesh 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
La communauté internationale, telle qu'elle est organisée actuellement,
est l'œuvre des pays occidentaux. Ainsi, parmi les 51 États qui ont fondé
les Nations Unies en 1945, on ne compte que huit États du continent
asiatique. Il en est de même du droit international humanitaire moderne et
codifié: c'est un « produit » occidental. Certes, les États asiatiques
acceptent les valeurs à la base des traités de droit humanitaire, mais
l'auteur attire notre attention sur les divergences de vues qui peuvent
surgir dans le choix des moyens utilisés pour leur mise en œuvre. En parlant
de l'action humanitaire, il faut se rappeler que ce sont souvent d'anciens
États coloniaux qui en assurent activement la promotion. Les frontières
disparaissant, il faut trouver de nouvelles justifications aux règles
internationales, dont celles du droit international humanitaire. Il est
urgent d'associer à ce processus les pays qui n'y participaient pas jusqu'à
ce jour, à savoir, les pays en développement. Un nouveau consensus pourra
ainsi se faire jour qui renforcera les fondements du droit international
humanitaire.
International humanitarian law: an Indo-Asian perspective
Authors: Mani V. S. 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
Par son analyse de l'histoire indienne, l'auteur démontre que les
principes humanitaires font partie de l'héritage intellectuel et culturel de
toutes les civilisations. Loin d'être une exclusivité de l'Occident
européen, les principes fondamentaux du droit international humanitaire ont
des racines profondes en Inde également. L'auteur rappelle des règles et la
pratique en matière humanitaire observées au cours de différents conflits du
passé, de l'Antiquité jusqu'à l'époque moderne. Dans la seconde partie de
son essai, V. S. Mani examine la législation actuellement en vigueur en Inde
pour la mise en œuvre des Conventions de Genève de 1949. Par ailleurs, il
souligne l'importance du travail de diffusion entrepris au sein des forces
armées indiennes afin de mieux faire connaître les règles de base du droit
international humanitaire au personnel militaire.
The ICRC's policy on refugees and internally displaced civilians
Authors: Krill Françoise 
Published: July 2022

Résumé
Depuis sa fondation en 1863, le Mouvement international de la
Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge — et plus particulièrement le CICR — s'est
préoccupé du sort des réfugiés et des populations civiles déplacées à
l'intérieur de leur propre pays. La Croix-Rouge est ainsi à l'origine de la
création d'une structure qui s'interésse au sort des réfugiés sur le plan
international et au centre de laquelle se trouve aujourd'hui le Haut
Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés. L'article porte
principalement sur le défi relativement nouveau que doit relever la
communauté internationale, à savoir le déplacement des personnes à
l'intérieur de leur propre pays. En guise de conclusion, l'auteur en appelle
à la communauté internationale et aux institutions chargées de la protection
des réfugiés et des personnes déplacées pour qu'elles veillent à ce que les
intérêts de ces personnes soient sauvegardés en tout temps, à l'intérieur de
leur propre pays, et que l'efficacité de l'aide dont elles ont besoin soit
toujours garantie.