bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Dust Devil Follow-Up Observations on Mars Using Cubesats and On-Board Scheduling
Authors: Woollands Robyn , Rossi Federico , Stegun Vaquero Tiago , Sanchez Net Marc , Bae S. Sandra , Bickel Valentin , Vander Hook Joshua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral million dust devil events occur on Mars every day. These events last, on average, about 30 minutes and range in size from meters to hundreds of meters in diameter. Designing low-cost missions that will improve our knowledge of dust devil formation and evolution, and their connection to atmospheric dynamics and the dust cycle, is fundamental to informing future crewed Mars lander missions about surface conditions. In this paper we present a mission for a constellation of low orbiting Mars cubesats, each carrying imagers with agile pointing capabilities. The goal is to maximize the number of dust devil follow-up observations through real-time, on-board scheduling. We study scenarios where cubesats are equipped with a 2.5 degree boresight angle camera that accommodates twenty-one slew positions (including nadir). We assume a concept of operations where the cubesats autonomously survey the surface of Mars and can autonomously detect dust devils from their surface imagery. When a dust devil is detected, the constellation is autonomously re-tasked through an onboard distributed scheduler to capture as many follow-on images of the event as possible, so as to study its evolution. The cubesat orbits are propagated assuming two-body dynamics and the ground tracks and camera field of view are computed assuming a spherical Mars. Realistic inter-agent communication link opportunities are computed and included in our optimization, which allow for real-time event detection information to be shared within the constellation. We compare against a powerful “omniscient” oracle which has a priori knowledge of all dust devil activity to show the gap between predicted performance and the best possible outcome. In particular, we show that the communications are especially important for acquiring follow-up observations, and that a realistic distributed scheduling mechanism is able to capture a large fraction of all dust devil observations that are possible for a given orbit configuration, significantly outperforming a nadir-pointing heuristic.
Extremely low friction on gold surface with surfactant molecules induced by surface potential
Authors: Gao Tianyang , Li Jinjin , Wang Weiqi , Luo Jianbin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn extremely low friction state was observed on the gold surface induced by applying a specific negative potential in cationic surfactant solution. The friction force showed a remarkable reduction from 8.3 to 3.5 × 10−2 nN (reduced by 99.6%) with increasing the period of negative applied potential, and the final friction coefficient could reduce down to 3 × 10−4. The extremely low friction state was robust, and it also exhibited an excellent load bearing capacity, which cannot be damaged by a high load. Moreover, the extremely low friction state achieved under negative applied potential could keep stable even after the removal of potential, but failed in a short time, once a specific positive potential was applied. It was demonstrated that there was a stable electro-adsorption of surfactant molecules on the gold surface induced by applying a negative potential, leading to the formation of a bilayer structure on the gold surface. The hydration layers of the bilayer on the gold surface and micelles on the silica probe provided a shear plane with an extremely low shear strength, leading to the extremely low friction state on the gold surface. This study provides a method to achieve extremely low friction state by applied potential.
Mediieren Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit die Auswirkungen widriger Arbeitsqualität auf die subjektive Erwerbsperspektive älterer Beschäftigter?
Authors: Rohrbacher Max , Hasselhorn Hans Martin 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Eine Vielzahl von Forschungsergebnissen zeigt, dass sich widrige Arbeitsbedingungen negativ auf die Erwerbsdauer und die Erwerbsperspektive älterer Beschäftigter auswirken können. Häufig wird diskutiert und angenommen, dass dieser Zusammenhang durch schlechte Gesundheit mediiert wird, ohne dies explizit zu belegen. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, welche Auswirkungen eine widrige Arbeitsqualität auf die subjektive Erwerbsperspektive hat und inwiefern dieser Effekt durch Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit mediiert wird.

Methoden
Daten von 3118 sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten der deutschen Babyboom-Kohorten 1959 und 1965, die an allen 3 Wellen (t0 = 2011, t1 = 2014, t2 = 2018) der prospektiven lidA-Kohortenstudie teilgenommen haben, wurden ausgewertet. Mögliche Mediationseffekte wurden im Längsschnitt mittels kausaler Mediationsanalyse mit Inverser-Odds-Gewichtung („inverse odds weighting“) getrennt für manuell und nicht-manuell Tätige untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Sowohl für manuell Tätige (relatives Risiko, RR = 1,06 [95 % Konfidenzintervall, KI 1,01–1,13]) als auch für nicht-manuell Tätige (RR = 1,06 [95 % KI 0,99–1,15]) ging eine widrige Arbeitsqualität mit einem erhöhten relativen Risiko einher, anzugeben, nicht bis zur individuellen Rentenaltersgrenze arbeiten zu können. Bei manuell Tätigen wurden 44 % dieses Effekts durch geringe Arbeitsfähigkeit und 17 % durch schlechte Gesundheit mediiert. Bei nicht-manuell Tätigen wurden 30 % dieses Effekts durch geringe Arbeitsfähigkeit und 13 % durch schlechte Gesundheit mediiert. Die simultane Analyse beider Mediatoren deutet auf eine mögliche Überlappung der Mediationseffekte hin.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse indizieren wichtige Stellhebel, mit denen die subjektive Erwerbsperspektive älterer Beschäftigter positiv beeinflusst werden kann, nämlich durch bessere Arbeitsqualität und frühzeitige präventive Maßnahmen, um schlechter Gesundheit und vor allem geringer Arbeitsfähigkeit entgegenzuwirken. Bei der politischen Debatte über die Erwerbsteilhabe älterer Beschäftigter sollten die Arbeitsqualität und Arbeitsfähigkeit stärker berücksichtigt werden.
Zeilenfüllselgebete
Authors: Schmidt Christian 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Handschrift Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod. 894 Helmst. überliefert eine Elisabethlegende in mittelniederdeutscher Reimprosa. Offene Zeilen an den Abschnittsenden des Textes werden vom Schreiber durch Initien oder Kleinzitate gefüllt, die häufig liturgische oder gebetspraktische Referenzen enthalten. Der Beitrag deutet diese bislang lediglich als Zeilenfüller wahrgenommenen Elemente als signifikante Spuren der Produktions- und Rezeptionspragmatik des Elisabeth-Textes.
Epidemiology of Urological Cancers in Brazil: Trends in Mortality Rates Over More Than Two Decades
Authors: Mourão Thiago Camelo , Curado Maria Paula , de Oliveira Renato Almeida Rosa , Santana Thiago Borges Marques , Favaretto Ricardo de Lima , Guimarães Gustavo Cardoso 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Considering the socioeconomic disparities and inequalities observed in the healthcare resources among the Brazilian regions, we aimed to analyze the mortality trends of urological cancers in Brazil to identify areas with differential risks.

Methods
Deaths related to prostate (PCa), bladder (BCa), kidney (KC), penile (PeC), and testis (TCa) cancers from 1996 to 2019 were retrieved from the Mortality Information System database (Brazil). Geographic and temporal patterns were analyzed using age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs). A joinpoint regression model was used to identify changes in the trends and calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for each region.

Results
In Brazil, the ASMRs (per 100,000 persons/year) were 11.76 for PCa; 1.37, BCa; 1.13, KC; 0.33, and PeC; 0.26, TCa over the period. Increasing mortality trends were registered for BCa (AAPC = 0.45 in men; 0.57 in women), KC (AAPC = 2.03 in men), PeC (AAPC = 1.01), and TCa (AAPC = 2.06). The PCa mortality presented a significant reduction after 2006. The Northeast and North regions showed the highest increases in the PCa mortality. The South registered the highest ASMRs for BCa and KC, but the highest increasing trends occurred in the men from the Northeast. The North presented the highest ASMR for PeC, while the South registered the highest ASMR for TCa.

Conclusion
Differences among regions may be partly explained by disparities in the healthcare systems. Over the study period, the North and Northeast regions presented more discrepant mortality rates. Efforts should be made to ensure access to the healthcare resources for people at risk, particularly in these regions.
Barriers in medical education: a scoping review of common themes for medical students with disabilities
Authors: Nash Ranna , Conner Brandon , Fellows Katelyn , Clemmensen Brooke , Gullickson Robert , Goldrup Sharon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany leaders in medical education have called for the inclusion of students with disabilities. Yet, a small number of review articles have been written summarizing the key literature addressing this topic. This review focuses on literature published between 2000 and 2021 that discusses medical education disability-specific barriers, student disability prevalence, and available institutional disability resources. Barriers include lack of procedure for students with disabilities to access services, delays in education to address disability needs, identified institutional disability resource professional (DRP), structural and physical barriers, outdated policies, and lack of understanding of accommodations needed in all educational settings, especially clinical. Medical school stakeholders must clearly understand the published literature on this topic to promote the full inclusion of students with disabilities.
BEYOND BINARIES: TECHNOCRACY, POPULISM AND PUBLIC POLICY
Authors: Pabst Adrian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPopulism is a paradoxical phenomenon that resists easy categorisation because it both rejects and intensifies certain elements of technocracy. Populist politics is at once a backlash against liberal-technocratic ideology and policy and an attempted corrective of some of its worst excesses, such as increasing inequality or pressures on wages. Despite deep differences, both rest on a binary logic that conceals alternatives to the convergence around variants of techno-populism defended by either ‘corporate populists’ or ‘insurgent populists’. One alternative is a public policy programme focused on the building of an economic democracy with more democratic workplaces and a greater emphasis on the dignity of decent jobs, besides policies to reduce regional disparities and foster shared prosperity. But policies alone cannot fully address the deep-seated grievances fuelling the support for populists. Fundamental institutional reform is needed to devolve power and wealth to people and the places where they live and work.
Impact of elderly care on “sandwiched-generation” women in Turkey
Authors: İzdeş Terkoğlu Özge , Memiş Emel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aging population and, along with it, increasing long-term care needs create pressure globally on the social and health care spending of governments under the constraint of shrinking tax bases. The common tendency of governments is to minimize the cost by transferring the elderly care burden to families. However, care provision comes with penalties for caretakers in the form of potential income losses and a rising, unpaid workload that requires a gender-based assessment. These impacts intensify with additional demographic trends that impose new challenges. Increasing longevity accompanied by decreasing fertility and delays in having children in Turkey have contributed to the growth of the “sandwiched generation” which encounters the care needs of their elderly as they care for their children. This study investigates whether and how caring responsibilities can be associated with the caregivers’ economic participation in Turkey, where the retreat from institutional provisioning of elderly care services is concealed with a neoconservative family-oriented rhetoric. Using the 2014–2015 Time Use Statistics compiled by TurkStat, we analyze the relationship between informal elderly care provision and employment hours, taking into account the potential impact of providing elderly care on labor force participation, focusing on sandwiched- generation women.
Full-Rights Feminists and a History of the Care Crisis
Authors: Olcott Jocelyn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2018, the International Labour Organization published a study about the critical role of paid and unpaid care work for the health of society, the economy, and the planet and about the ways that care work is sustained through the super-exploitation of women, particularly migrant women and racially and ethnically marginalized women. Dorothy Sue Cobble's sweeping, carefully researched, and beautifully written study of full-rights feminists gives us a much-needed history of how the ILO came to attend to questions of care work and social reproduction and how hard-fought this recognition has been.
Estradiol administration in Holstein heifer calves differentially affects the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose and the mammary fat pad tissues
Authors: Miquilini Marina , Hardy Nicole R. , Dieter Phyllis A. , Relling Alejandro E. , Enger Benjamin D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis research communication reports the relative abundance of fatty acids in mammary fat pad (MFP) and subcutaneous adipose (SCA) tissues for Holstein heifer calves receiving 0, 3, or 12 daily injections of estradiol immediately prior to tissue collection. The objective of this study was to determine if the MFP and SCA fatty acid profiles were affected by estradiol administration and if such a response differs between adipose tissue depots. Twelve Holstein heifer calves were reared on a common diet and administered 12 daily injections prior to euthanasia. Injections were either daily injections of corn oil (n = 4; CON), 9 injections of corn oil followed by 3 injections of estradiol (n = 4; SHORT), or 12 injections of estradiol (n = 4; LONG). Fatty acids were extracted from collected MFP and SCA tissues samples and analyzed using gas chromatography. The MFP tissues contained a greater abundance of saturated fatty acids than SCA tissues which complemented a reduced abundance of mono-unsaturated fatty acids in the MFP than SCA. Extended duration of estradiol administration increased the abundance of total omega 3 fatty acids in both MFP and SCA tissues. There was a treatment by tissue interaction for several of the C18:1 and C18:2 isomers indicating that estradiol's effects on fatty acid uptake and metabolism are tissue specific. Additionally, C18 uptake and metabolisms may have important roles in mammary growth and development. Together, these results indicate that the MFP responds differently to estradiol administration than SCA tissues and that these alterations are associated with different degrees of induced mammary growth via estradiol.
Clinical implications of acute shunt thrombosis in paediatric patients with systemic-to-pulmonary shunt re-interventions
Authors: Dutta Puja , Emani Sirisha , Ibla Juan C. , Emani Sitaram M. , Nathan Meena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurpose:Systemic-to-pulmonary shunts are used as a source of pulmonary blood flow in palliated Congenital Heart Disease in neonates and young infants. Shunt thrombosis, often requiring shunt interventions during index hospitalisation, is associated with poor outcomes. We hypothesised that extensive use of perioperative pro-coagulant products may be associated with shunt thrombosis.Methods:Children (≤18 years) undergoing systemic-to-pulmonary shunts with in-hospital shunt reinterventions between 2016 and 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Perioperative associations to shunt thrombosis were examined by univariate logistic regression and Wilcoxon rank sum tests as appropriate. Cox and log transformed linear regression were used to analyse postoperative ventilation duration, length of stay, and cost.Results:Of 71 patients requiring in-hospital shunt intervention after systemic-to-pulmonary shunts, 10 (14%) had acute shunt thrombosis, and among them five (50%) died. The median age was four (interquartile range: 0-15) months. There were 40 (56%) males, 41 (58%) had single ventricle anatomy, and 29 (40%) were on preoperative anticoagulants. Patients with acute shunt thrombosis received greater volume of platelets (p = 0.04), cryoprecipitate (p = 0.02), and plasma (p = 0.04) postoperatively in the ICU; experienced more complications (p = 0.01) including re-exploration for bleeding (p = 0.008) and death (p = 0.02), had longer hospital length of stays (p = 0.004), greater frequency of other arterial/venous thrombosis (p = 0.02), and greater hospital costs (p = 0.002).Conclusions:Patients who develop acute shunt thrombosis receive more blood products perioperatively and experience worse hospital outcomes and higher hospital costs. Future research on prevention/early detection of shunt thrombosis is needed to improve outcomes in infants after systemic-to-pulmonary shunt surgery.
Reviving a sense of poetry: assessing Wang Shu’s contemporary design practice
Authors: Ye Xi 
Published: May 2022

Chinese men of letters pursued the idea of a poetic life in feudal times, and this ideal was often embodied in traditional gardening and landscape paintings. However, it has been argued that the pursuit of this traditional notion of poetic life has been lost with the arrival of modernity. In this view, Chinese cities are seen as losing their identities and becoming Westernised. Wang Shu, the Pritzker Prize-winning Chinese architect, has taken great efforts to rebuild an understanding of Chinese cultural identity: by looking back to the idea of poetic life reflected in traditional gardens and landscape paintings, and attempting to recompose a sense of poetry for contemporary architecture. This article aims to examine Wang’s approaches to this sense of poetry in one of his projects, the design of Xiangshan campus while, at the same time, seeking to offer a Chinese reflection on the architecture of poetry.However, Wang’s approach to using visual and metaphoric techniques in reviving the city’s poetic system can be questioned. His tactics, considered here in relation to the Xiangshan campus, arguably do not fully understand Chinese aesthetics, and do not pose fully a contemporary definition of the ‘sense of poetry’ in relation to the traditional Chinese mind. A holistic interpretation of architectural poetry should concern life, both as living and pleasure, material and spirit, rather than dealing primarily in visual composition. Nevertheless, his efforts in exploring Chinese-ness and his influence on Chinese architects remain highly significant.
Award-Winning LED Illumination for Fluorescence from Fura-2 to Cy7.5 and Beyond
Authors: Aswani Kavita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:Light-emitting diode (LED) illumination for fluorescence microscopy systems has come a long way since the turn of the century, when the LED sources available had low optical power and a limited range of wavelengths. While the benefits of LED technology were attractive, their limitations prevented large-scale adoption. Twenty years later, advances in the semi-conductor industry have eliminated many of those fundamental hurdles. Today, LED technology is rapidly replacing the lamps used in microscopy and fluorescence imaging, even for applications on the extreme ends of the light microscopy spectrum. This article describes the latest advances in illumination for fluorescence imaging, from near-UV to near-IR fluorophores. Case studies demonstrate the new X-Cite® NOVEM™ as successful replacements for traditional arc lamps in calcium imaging applications, producing equivalent results with the convenience of LEDs. For its usefulness to the microscopy community, the X-Cite NOVEM system was awarded the prestigious 2021 Microscopy Today Innovation Award.
Unraveling Molecular Dynamics with High-Speed Video-Rate Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Stamov Dimitar R. , Neumann Tanja , Kraus Andreas , Körnig André , Jankowski Tilo , Knebel Detlef , Jähnke Torsten , Henze Thomas , Haschke Heiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:This article describes the application of the fastest commercially available video-rate atomic force microscope (AFM) for studying the molecular dynamics of biological samples with a temporal resolution reaching 20 ms per frame. High-speed AFM was used for monitoring the kinetics of the temperature-induced ripple phase transition in supported lipid bilayers, DNA origami streptavidin-biotin binding, thermodynamic rehybridization of DNA, collagen type I fibrillogenesis, and the mobile annexin V trimer dynamics in 2D protein crystals. With no further need for sample processing, the applied method offers a breakthrough in molecular and sample dynamics measurements by enabling the real-time visualization of molecular processes and structural transitions at near-native conditions.
Next-Generation Laser Scanning Multiphoton Microscopes are Turnkey, Portable, and Industry-Ready
Authors: Holmes Michael E. , Kiderlen Stefanie , Krainer Lukas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:The Prospective Instruments MPX-series is a turnkey compact multimodal microscope enabling advanced multiphoton imaging without requiring a laboratory or optical bench. One of the key design features is the ultrafast fiber laser engine integrated into the free moving scan head, which is lightweight, rugged, and allows the ultimate imaging flexibility. A modular design concept allows the user to explore a wide variety of biological applications and measurements, without compromising performance, in any indoor working space. In contrast, standard setups are non-transportable, utility-demanding, and the complexity can be complicated, therefore degrading the value and adding significant initial, short- and long-term expenses. Every clinical and biological researcher should have access to high-quality reliable optical microscopy modalities without being hardware experts. In this article we outline the demand and design of the MPX-microscope and present multiphoton imaging results from experiments in various configurations. There are no existing instruments on the market that are portable and combine easily switchable modes in one composite industry-ready device for life science, clinical, and pharmacological research.
Long‐Term Trends in pCO2 in Lake Surface Water Following Rebrowning
Authors: Couturier M. , Prairie Y. T. , Paterson A. M. , Emilson E. J. S. , del Giorgio P. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver the last 40 years, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has been increasing in freshwater across many boreal regions. The extent to which these long‐term changes have affected lake CO2 dynamics is unclear. We have studied the temporal trends in DOC and pressure of CO2 (pCO2) over 40 years in 15 lakes in two regions of Ontario (Canada) subjected to browning and the abatement of SO2 deposition. Whereas from 1980 to 1999 there were no significant trends in pCO2 in any of the lakes, a significant increase was observed from 2000 to 2017. Although DOC concentrations increased during the same period, pCO2 and DOC were only weakly coupled, and we hypothesize the existence of DOC thresholds that determine this coupling. The recent increases in pCO2, linked to shifts in the C balance of lakes, may be contributing to the observed declines in lake pH, leading to a re‐acidification of lakes.