bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenia screening in elderly with Alzheimer’s disease: performances of the SARC-F-3 and MSRA-5 questionnaires
Authors: Bramato Giulia , Barone Roberta , Barulli Maria Rosaria , Zecca Chiara , Tortelli Rosanna , Filardi Marco , Logroscino Giancarlo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The 3-item SARC-F (SARC-F-3) and the 5-item Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment (MSRA-5) questionnaires have been recently proposed to screen elderly people regarding the risk of sarcopenia. However, no studies have investigated their performances in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods
We conducted a single-center observational study, including 130 consecutive AD patients (mean age: 70.71 ± 8.50 y, 54.6% women) who attended a center for neurodegenerative diseases. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People of 2010 (EWGSOP1) and of 2018 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic performance of SARC-F-3 and MSRA-5.

Results
SARC-F-3 showed a sensitivity of 9.7%, a specificity of 82.8% and an AUC of 0.41 using EWGSOP1, whereas the sensitivity was of 16.7%, specificity of 84.7% and AUC of 0.58 using EWGSOP2. The MSRA-5 displayed a sensitivity of 3.2%, a specificity of 89.9% and an AUC of 0.41 using EWGSOP1, whereas sensitivity was of 0%, specificity of 91.1% and the AUC of 0.55 using EWGSOP2 criteria. The questionnaires showed a moderate agreement (Cohen's k = 0.53).

Conclusions
In our sample of AD patients, a sizable number of sarcopenic individuals were misidentified by SARC-F-3 and MSRA-5, making those questionnaires unsuitable for sarcopenia screening. Considering that sarcopenia has a high prevalence in dementia and that its correct and timely identification is paramount for optimal management of patients, the development and validation of an ad-hoc sarcopenia screening tool for AD patients is highly desirable.
Study on influencing factors of anthracycline-induced subclinical cardiotoxicity in DLBCL patients administered (R)-CHOP
Authors: Dong Qian , Ou Wenxin , Wang Mei , Jiang Tiantian , Weng Yue , Zhou Xi , Tang Xiaoqiong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is an irreversible cardiac cell injury. Therefore, it’s very important to identify influencing factors of anthracycline-induced subclinical cardiotoxicity (AISC). This study was designed to analyze the influencing factors of AISC in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with the (R)-CHOP chemotherapy regimen.

Methods
This is an ongoing observational prospective clinical trial. All patients underwent conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography at the time of enrollment and during treatment. Changes of global longitudinal peak systolic strain were assessed after 3 cycles of (R)-CHOP chemotherapy, and patients were divided into the AISC and No-AISC groups. Demographic data, clinical variables, and biochemical variables were measured. Regression models, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and difference values were used to explore the relationships between variables and AISC.

Results
Among 70 patients who completed 3 cycles of (R)-CHOP chemotherapy, 26 developed AISC. In multiple logistic regression, HDL-C (P = 0.047), ApoA1 (P = 0.022), TG (P = 0.029) and e’ (P = 0.008) were associated with AISC. The combination of HDL-C and NT-proBNP had the highest area under curves (AUC) for the diagnosis of AISC than HDL-C and NT-proBNP alone (AUC = 0.752, 95%CI: 0.63–0.87, P = 0.001). Between the No-AISC and AISC groups, there was no significant difference in HDL-C, ApoA1, and e’ at baseline and after 3 cycles of chemotherapy, respectively. The dynamic changes of HDL-C, ApoA1, and e’ from baseline to the end of the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy showed statistically significant differences.

Conclusions
HDL-C, ApoA1, TG, and e’ are independent predictive factors in DLBCL cases treated with the (R)-CHOP chemotherapy regimen. The combination of HDL-C and NT-proBNP may improve the predictive ability for AISC in patients with DLBCL administered 3 cycles of (R)-CHOP chemotherapy. Dynamic changes of HDL-C, ApoA1, and e’ may be meaningful for predicting AISC.

Trial registration
Our study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Approval ID. ChiCTR2100054721 http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=145082).
Impact of a mobile application (reminder app) on acute toxicity during radiotherapy of head-and-neck cancer – results of a randomized phase III trial (RAREST-02)
Authors: Rades Dirk , Zwaan Inga , Cacicedo Jon , Bruchhage Karl L. , Hakim Samer G. , Olbrich Denise , Schild Steven E. , Tvilsted Soeren , Janssen Stefan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy of head-and-neck cancer (SCCHN) is often associated with acute toxicity. In a previous trial, daily reminders by staff members to perform skin care resulted in less dermatitis. This randomized trial investigated whether a mobile application can replace these reminders.

Methods
Patients were stratified according to tumor site, treatment and center. Fifty-three patients were eligible for per-protocol-set (25 with, 28 without app). Primary endpoint was grade ≥ 2 dermatitis until 60 Gy. Secondary endpoints included dermatitis grade ≥ 2 until end of radiotherapy (EOT), dermatitis grade ≥ 3, and mucositis grade ≥ 2 and ≥ 3.

Results
After an interim analysis, the study was terminated (delayed and slow accrual). Until 60 Gy, grade ≥ 2 dermatitis rates were 72% with vs. 82% without app (p = 0.38), grade ≥ 3 dermatitis rates 20% vs. 11% (p = 0.45). Until EOT, grade ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 dermatitis rates were 72% vs. 86% (p = 0.22) and 24% vs. 18% (p = 0.58). Until 60 Gy, grade ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 mucositis rates were 76% vs. 82% (p = 0.58) and 20% vs. 36% (p = 0.20). Until EOT, corresponding mucositis rates were 76% vs. 82% (p = 0.58) and 28% vs. 43% (p = 0.26).

Conclusion
Given the limitations of this trial, the reminder app led to non-significant reduction of grade ≥ 2 dermatitis, grade ≥ 2 mucositis and ≥ 3 mucositis. Additional studies are required to define the value of reminder apps during radiotherapy for SCCHN.
Intravitreal gas injection for early persistent macular hole after primary pars plana vitrectomy
Authors: Chen Ying-Yi , Yang Chung-May 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo report the clinical presentations and outcome of early intravitreal injection (IVI) of octafluoropropane (C3F8) for persistent macular holes (MH) after primary pars plana vitrectomy with the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling technique.MethodsNineteen eyes of 18 patients with persistent MH after vitrectomy underwent intravitreal injection of C3F8between 11 and 21 days after the initial surgery (intravitreal gas injection group). Another nine eyes with a persistent MH without additional IVI C3F8were included (non-intravitreal gas injection group).Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) features including size and configuration of MH, and time duration between the 2 surgeries were compared between the MH closure and open groups. The closure rate of persistent MHs was compared between the intravitreal gas injection group and non-intravitreal gas injection group.ResultsTwelve of 19 eyes (63%) achieved MH closure after 1 to 3 times IVI C3F8. The final BCVA after vitrectomy and IVI gas was significantly better in the MH closure group (P = .005). Nine of 12 patients (75%) in the MH closure group had a visual acuity improvement of more than 2 lines. Original MHs with smaller minimal diameter, higher macular hole index (MHI) and higher tractional hole index (THI); and persistent MHs with smaller minimal diameter, higher THI, and lower diameter hole index (DHI) showed higher MH closure rate. None of the persistent MHs closed in the non-intravitreal gas injection group (0/9 eyes).ConclusionEarly intravitreal injection of C3F8can be a cost-effective first-line treatment for early persistent MHs after primary surgery, especially in eyes with favorable OCT features.
Cranial fasciitis in children: clinicoradiology features and management
Authors: Xiang Yonghua , He Siping , Zhou Zhengzhen , Gan Qing , Jin Ke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCranial fasciitis (CF) is a rare benign fibroproliferative lesion of the skull. To date, the summarized radiologic characteristics and the subtype of the disease have not been reported. our purpose was to summarize the characteristic clinicoradiology features and management of CF and to improve the knowledge of radiologists and clinicians.MethodsWe searched our institution’s database and retrieved the clinical and radiologic data of CF patients confirmed by histopathological examination. The clinicoradiology features and management of CF were analysed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 14 CF patients were included. A total of 85.7% of the patients presented with a painless, firm, nonmobile and single mass. Tenderness and multiple masses were found in 14.3% of the patients. The mass was clearly increased in 2 patients and gradually increased in 5 patients in the short term. We divided these patients into three types based on the CT characteristics. The characteristic features of type I (9 patients) presented as an expansive and osteolytic bone destruction with a soft tissue mass. Type II (2 patients) presented as a scalp mass with mild erosion of the outer skull plate. Type III (3 patients) presented as a scalp mass without skull destruction. All patients underwent surgical resection. For type I patients, craniectomy and cranioplasty were performed. For type II patients, complete excision of the scalp mass with local skull curettage was performed. For type III patients, complete excision of the scalp mass was performed. There were no cases of recurrence after follow-up.ConclusionsCF usually presents as a painless, firm, nonmobile and single mass with a clear boundary. There are generally three types of MSCT findings: bone destruction with a soft tissue mass, a scalp mass with erosion of the skull and a scalp mass. Different management strategies should be utilized for the various types of CF.
A cross-country comparison of Covid-19 containment measures and their effects on the epidemic curves
Authors: Cascini Fidelia , Failla Giovanna , Gobbi Cecilia , Pallini Elena , Hui Jin , Luxi Wang , Villani Leonardo , Quentin Wilm , Boccia Stefania , Ricciardi Walter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
European countries are still searching to eliminate or contain the Covid-19 pandemic. A variety of approaches have achieved different levels of success in limiting the spread of the disease early and preventing avoidable deaths. Governmental policy responses may explain these differences and this study aims to describe evidence about the effectiveness of containment measures throughout the course of the pandemic in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK).

Methods
The research approach adopted consisted of three steps: 1) Build a Containment Index (C.I.) that considers nine parameters to make an assessment on the strength of measures; 2) Develop dynamic epidemiological models for forecasting purposes; 3) Predict case numbers by assuming containment measures remain constant for a period of 30 days.

Results
Our analysis revealed that in the five European countries we compared, the use of different approaches definitively affected the effectiveness of containment measures for the Covid-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
The evidence found in our research can be useful to inform policy makers’ decisions when deciding to introduce or relax containment measures and their timing, both during the current pandemic or in addressing possible future health crises.
The prevalence of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood and its associated factors among late adolescent (15–19) years girls in the Gambia: based on 2019/20 Gambian demographic and health survey data
Authors: Terefe Bewuketu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Pregnancy and early motherhood among teenage girls is the current issue of public health burden in developing countries. Although the Gambia has one of the highest adolescent fertility rates in Africa, there is no data record about it in The Gambia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of pregnancy and early motherhood and its determinants among late adolescent girls in the Gambia.

Methods
It is a secondary data analysis using the 2019–20 Gambian demographic and health survey data. A total of 2,633 weighted 15–19 years old girls were included in the study. Using Stata 14 version, a pseudo logistic regression analysis method was employed to declare factors significantly associated with pregnancy and early motherhood among 15–19 years old late-adolescent girls in the Gambia. Variables with a p-value of < 0.2 were entered into multivariable regression analysis, and after controlling other confounding factors adjusted odds ratio of 95% CI was applied to identify associated variables.

Results
Pregnancy and early motherhood were found in 13.42% of late adolescent Gambian girls. Logistic regression analysis depicted that a unit increase in adolescent age was positively significantly associated with pregnancy and early motherhood (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93,2.39), after period ended knowledge of ovulatory cycle (aOR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.23,3.22), being from a family size of greater than ten (aOR = 1.25; 95 CI = 1.01,1.55) times more likely to become pregnant and early motherhood than their counterparts respectively. In contrast, rich in wealth (aOR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.23,0.54), having primary education (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.43,0.79), secondary and above education (aOR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.09,0.17).

Conclusion
Pregnancy and early motherhood remain significant public health challenges in the Gambia. Strengthening female education, empowerment, reproductive health life skill training and awareness, encouraging disadvantaged females, and designing timely policies and interventions are urgently needed.
Establishment, FEM analysis and experimental validation of tooth movement prediction model of orthodontic archwire T-loop
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Yao Liang , Zhang Yongde , Ma Xuefeng , Guo Yafeng , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The T-loop has been used clinically to close gap between teeth. And it is a typical orthodontic archwire bending method. However, the design of the T-loop parameters for different patients is based on the clinical experience of the dentists. The variation in dentists' clinical experience is the main reason for inadequate orthodontic treatment, even high incidence of postoperative complications.

Methods
Firstly, the tooth movement prediction model is established based on the analysis of the T-loop structure and the waxy model dynamic resistance. As well as the reverse reconstruction of the complete maxillary 3D model based on the patient CBCT images, the oral biomechanical FEM analysis is completed. A maxillary waxy dental model is manufactured to realize the water-bath measurement experiment in vitro mimicking the oral bio-environment. Thus, the calculated, simulation and experimental data are obtained, as well as obtaining a cloud of total deformation from the simulation analysis.

Results
The growth trend of the 11 sets of simulation data is the same as that of the experimental data. And all of them show that the tooth displacement is positively correlated with the cross-sectional size of the archwire, and the clearance distance. As well as the higher Young's modulus of the archwire material, the greater the tooth displacement. And the effect of archwire parameters on tooth displacement derived from simulation and experimental data is consistent with the prediction model. The experimental and calculated data are also compared and analyzed, and the two kinds of data are basically consistent in terms of growth trends and fluctuations, with deviation rates ranging from 2.17  to  10.00%.

Conclusions
This study shows that the accuracy and reliability of the tooth movement prediction model can be verified through the comparative analysis and deviation calculation of the obtained calculated, simulation and experimental data, which can assist dentists to safely and efficiently perform orthodontic treatment on patients. And the FEM analysis can achieve predictability of orthodontic treatment results.
The Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire among college students: factor structure and measurement invariance across genders
Authors: Feng Yao , Lu Jing-Jie , Ouyang Ze-Yue , Xue Lan-Xin , Li Tan , Chen Yun , Gao Zheng-Rong , Zhang Shao-Hui , Zhao Jie , Zhao Ya-Qiong , Ye Qin , Hu Jing , Feng Yun-Zhi , Guo Yue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a multi-dimensional concept commonly used to examine the impact of health status on quality of life, and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire is a good self-assessment tool. This study was designed to investigate the factor structure of the OHIP-14 scale Chinese version, measurement invariance and latent mean differences across genders among college students.

Methods
The online survey was completed by 919 college students. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to check the structural models of the OHIP-14 scale, The correlation of each item with the scale total score could test homogeneity, and Cronbach’s alpha (Cronbach’s α) could evaluate internal consistency. Multi-group CFA was used to explore whether the Chinese version of the OHIP-14 scale was used in male and female populations for measurement consistency. T-test compared scores between men and women. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between age, gender, education, subject, and the score on the OHIP-14 scale.

Results
We found that the 7-factor structure had the best fit index in the sample. According to Cronbach’s α, the overall score of OHIP was 0.958, and Cronbach’s α for 7 factors was: functional limitation was 0.800, physical pain was 0.854, psychological discomfort was 0.902, physical disability was 0.850, psychological disability was 0.768, social disability was 0.862, social handicap was 0.819 and the test–retest reliability interval was 0.723. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis supported residual measurement invariance across gender. T-test for scores showed that females scored higher significantly than men as did the overall score, in terms of physical pain (p<0.001), physical disability (p<0.001), and psychological disability (p<0.001).

Conclusions
This study found the OHIP-14 Chinese version to be a good tool for assessing the college students' OHRQoL in China, allowing people to conduct self-assessments.
Erythrocyte indices and localized stage II/III periodontitis in military young men and women: CHIEF oral health study
Authors: Feng An-Chieh , Tsai Sung-Chiao , Lin Yen-Po , Tsai Kun-Zhe , Lin Gen-Min 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have shown an association between generalized periodontitis and anemia in older or undernourished adults. The aim of the study was to examine the associations of erythrocyte indices with localized periodontitis in robust young adults, which has never been reported before.MethodsThe study included 1286 military participants, aged 19–40 years, with regular exercise training in Hualien, Taiwan. Localized periodontitis was grouped to healthy/stage I and stage II/III (n = 803 and 325) in men and (n = 130 and 28) in women according to the 2017 criteria of the world workshop. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by leukocyte counts. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, tobacco smoking status, betel nut chewing status, body mass index and leucocyte counts were used to determine the associations.ResultsGreater mean corpuscular volume in young men [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals 1.03 (1.01–1.06)], and greater hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in young women were associated with a higher risk of localized stage II/III periodontitis [OR: 1.17 (1.02–1.34) and 1.60 (1.06–2.41), respectively]. However, there were no associations for erythrocyte counts.ConclusionsThe localized stage II/III periodontitis risk increased with greater erythrocyte indices in robust young adults. This finding could be explained in part by that localized periodontitis may promote physical stress, possibly resulting in an increase of erythrocyte indices. On the other side, greater physical fitness associated with a lower risk of periodontitis may consume iron storage in the body, leading to exercise-induced anemia or smaller erythrocyte volume.
Edible algae (Ecklonia cava) bioprocessed with mycelia of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms in liquid culture and its isolated fractions protect mice against allergic asthma
Authors: Lee Kyung Hee , Jang Yeo Jin , Hwang Woon Sang , Kwon Ki Sun , Lee Wha Young , Kim Jeanman , Kim Sung Phil , Friedman Mendel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Ecklonia cava is an edible marine brown alga harvested from the ocean that is widely consumed in Asian countries as a health-promoting medicinal food The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anti-asthma mechanism of a new functional food produced by bioprocessing edible algae Ecklonia cava and shiitake Lentinula edodes mushroom mycelia and isolated fractions.

Methods
We used as series of methods, including high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, cell assays, and an in vivo mouse assay to evaluate the asthma-inhibitory effect of Ecklonia cava bioprocessed (fermented) with Lentinula edodes shiitake mushroom mycelium and its isolated fractions in mast cells and in orally fed mice.

Results
The treatments inhibited the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) production, suggesting anti-asthma effects in vitro. The in vitro anti-asthma effects in cells were confirmed in mice following the induction of asthma by alumina and chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). Oral administration of the bioprocessed Ecklonia cava and purified fractions suppressed the induction of asthma and was accompanied by the inhibition of inflammation- and immune-related substances, including eotaxin; thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); OVA-specific IgE; leukotriene C4 (LTC4); prostaglandin D2 (PGD2); and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and other fluids and organs. Th2 cytokines were reduced and Th1 cytokines were restored in serum, suggesting the asthma-induced inhibitory effect is regulated by the balance of the Th1/Th2 immune response. Serum levels of IL-10, a regulatory T cell (Treg) cytokine, were increased, further favoring reduced inflammation. Histology of lung tissues revealed that the treatment also reversed the thickening of the airway wall and the contraction and infiltration of bronchial and blood vessels and perialveolar inflammatory cells. The bioprocessed Ecklonia cava/mushroom mycelia new functional food showed the highest inhibition as compared with commercial algae and the fractions isolated from the bioprocessed product.

Conclusions
The in vitro cell and in vivo mouse assays demonstrate the potential value of the new bioprocessed formulation as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic combination of natural compounds against allergic asthma and might also ameliorate allergic manifestations of foods, drugs, and viral infections.