bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel wearable and contactless heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation monitoring devices: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chan P. Y. , Ryan N. P. , Chen D. , McNeil J. , Hopper I. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to identify, classify and evaluate the body of evidence on novel wearable and contactless devices that measure heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturations in the clinical setting. We included any studies of hospital inpatients, including sleep study clinics. Eighty‐four studies were included in the final review. There were 56 studies of wearable devices and 29 of contactless devices. One study assessed both types of device. A high risk of patient selection and rater bias was present in proportionally more studies assessing contactless devices compared with studies assessing wearable devices (p = 0.023 and p < 0.0001, respectively). There was high but equivalent likelihood of blinding bias between the two types of studies (p = 0.076). Wearable device studies were commercially available devices validated in acute clinical settings by clinical staff and had more real‐time data analysis (p = 0.04). Contactless devices were more experimental, and data were analysed post‐hoc. Pooled estimates of mean (95%CI) heart rate and respiratory rate bias in wearable devices were 1.25 (−0.31–2.82) beats.min‐1 (pooled 95% limits of agreement −9.36–10.08) and 0.68 (0.05–1.32) breaths.min‐1 (pooled 95% limits of agreement −5.65–6.85). The pooled estimate for mean (95%CI) heart rate and respiratory rate bias in contactless devices was 2.18 (3.31–7.66) beats.min‐1 (pooled limits of agreement −6.71–10.88) and 0.30 (−0.26–0.87) breaths.min‐1 (pooled 95% limits of agreement −3.94–4.29). Only two studies of wearable devices measured SpO2; these reported mean measurement biases of 3.54% (limits of agreement −5.65–11.45%) and 2.9% (−7.4–1.7%). Heterogeneity was observed across studies, but absent when devices were grouped by measurement modality and reference standard. We conclude that, while studies of wearable devices were of slightly better quality than contactless devices, in general all studies of novel devices were of low quality, with small (< 100) patient datasets, typically not blinded and often using inappropriate statistical techniques. Both types of devices were statistically equivalent in accuracy and precision, but wearable devices demonstrated less measurement bias and more precision at extreme vital signs. The statistical variability in precision and accuracy between studies is partially explained by differences in reference standards.
Corneal transplantation in aniridia‐related keratopathy with a two‐year follow‐up period, an uncommon disease with precarious course
Authors: Viberg Andreas , Vicente André , Samolov Branka , Hjortdal Jesper , Byström Berit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to study the frequency, surgical transplantation technique and outcome in patients with aniridia‐related keratopathy (ARK) with two‐year follow‐up period.MethodsA retrospective registry‐study including all ARK cases performed in Sweden and Denmark between 2001 and 2016 and registered in the Swedish Cornea Transplant Registry.ResultsA total of 36 eyes of 26 patients were subjected to corneal transplantation due to ARK during 2001 to 2016. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was the procedure of choice in 58.3% (n = 21) of the eyes, followed by a combination of PK and limbal stem cell transplantation in 13.9% (n = 5) and keratolimbal allograft in 13.9% (n = 5). Boston keratoprosthesis was used in 8.3% (n = 3), and anterior lamellar keratoplasty in 5.6% (n = 2). Thirteen of the procedures (36.1%) were retransplantations. Two years after surgery 26 cases were available to follow‐up of which 16 of the grafts were functioning (61.5%). The median visual acuity showed a trend of improvement from hand motion to counting fingers.ConclusionsA majority of the ARK cases (61.5%) had a graft providing useful vision for the patient 2 years after corneal transplantation, but the visual gain was modest at best. Longer follow‐up time is required to evaluate functional graft outcomes. Despite the introduction of limbal stem cell transplantation as a suitable treatment, PK was the most common surgical method in the present study.
The importance of morality for collective self‐esteem and motivation to engage in socially responsible behavior at work among professionals in the finance industry
Authors: Chopova Tatiana , Ellemers Naomi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPublic comments criticizing the honesty and trustworthiness of Professionals in Finance (PIFs) are commonly seen as a way to motivate them towards engaging in more socially responsible business practices. However, the link between public views of this professional group, the self‐views of individual group members, and their motivation to engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities has not been empirically examined. In this research, we draw on Social Identity Theory (SIT) and the Behavioral Regulation Model for social evaluation (BRM) to examine how the self‐views of individual group members relate to perceived characteristics of their professional group, indicating Competence and Morality. In two studies (N = 123, 191) we examined whether the self‐views of high‐profile and general PIFs are affected by other people's perceptions of the honesty and trustworthiness of this professional group. The results offer support for our reasoning derived from SIT and the BRM. In both studies, we first demonstrate that public concerns about the group's lack of honesty and trustworthiness impact on the moral self‐views of financial professionals. Subsequently, we employ an experimental design to reveal that reinforcing moral criticism leveled at the group only reduces the motivation of individual group members to engage in CSR activities, while group‐level moral affirmation enhances this motivation. The results of both studies converge to demonstrate how public critique on the moral behavior of their professional group relates to the self‐views and behavioral motives of PIFs. We consider the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
The biasing effects of selection and attrition on estimating the mean
Authors: Lee Seunghoo , Mendoza Jorge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganizational and validation researchers often work with data that has been subjected to selection on the predictor and attrition on the criterion. These researchers often use the data observed under these conditions to estimate either the predictor or criterion's restricted population means. We show that the restricted means due to direct or indirect selection are a function of the population means plus the selection ratios. Thus, any difference between selected mean groups reflects the population difference plus the selection ratio difference. When there is also attrition on the criterion, the estimation of group differences becomes even more complicated. The effect of selection and attrition induces measurement bias when estimating the restricted population mean of either the predictor or criterion. A sample mean observed under selection and attrition does not estimate either the population mean or the restricted population mean. We propose several procedures under normality that yield unbiased estimates of the mean. The procedures focus on correcting the effects of selection and attrition. Each procedure was evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulation to ascertain its strengths and weaknesses. Given appropriate sample size and conditions, we show that these procedures yield unbiased estimators of the restricted and unrestricted population means for both predictor and criterion. We also show how our findings have implications for replicating selected group differences.
Ecological relevance of non‐perennial rivers for the conservation of terrestrial and aquatic communities
Authors: Bruno Daniel , Hermoso Virgilio , Sánchez‐Montoya María Mar , Belmar Oscar , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Cañedo‐Argüelles Miguel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRiver conservation efforts traditionally focus on perennial watercourses (i.e., those that do not dry) and their associated aquatic biodiversity. However, most of the global river network is not perennial and thus supports both aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. We assessed the conservation value of nonperennial rivers and streams (NPRS) in one of Europe's driest regions based on aquatic (macroinvertebrates, diatoms) and terrestrial (riparian plants, birds, and carabid beetles) community data. We mapped the distribution of taxa at 90 locations and across wide environmental gradients. Using the systematic planning tool Marxan, we identified priority conservation sites under 2 scenarios: aquatic taxa alone or aquatic and terrestrial taxa together. We explored how environmental factors (runoff, flow intermittence, elevation, salinity, anthropogenic impact) influenced Marxan's site selection frequency. The NPRS were selected more frequently (over 13% on average) than perennial rivers when both aquatic and terrestrial taxa were considered, suggesting that NPRS have a high conservation value at the catchment scale. We detected an underrepresentation of terrestrial taxa (8.4–10.6% terrestrial vs. 0.5–1.1% aquatic taxa were unrepresented in most Marxan solutions) when priority sites were identified based exclusively on aquatic biodiversity, which points to a low surrogacy value of aquatic taxa for terrestrial taxa. Runoff explained site selection when focusing on aquatic taxa (all best‐fitting models included runoff,r2 = 0.26–0.27), whereas elevation, salinity, and flow intermittence were more important when considering both groups. In both cases, site selection frequency declined as anthropogenic impact increased. Our results highlight the need to integrate terrestrial and aquatic communities when identifying priority areas for conservation in catchments with NPRS. This is key to overcoming drawbacks of traditional assessments based only on aquatic taxa and to ensure the conservation of NPRS, especially as NPRS become more prevalent worldwide due to climate change and increasing water demands.
Subcutaneous incision of the fistula tract and internal sphincterotomy (SIFT‐IS): a novel surgical procedure for transsphincteric anal fistula
Authors: Sahara Rikisaburo , Koizumi Michihiro , Morimoto Koji , Kubota Itaru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimThe aetiology of anal fistula has not been fully clarified. One of the causes of anal fistulas may be the markedly deep crypts that characterize the primary openings. We developed subcutaneous incision of the fistula tract and internal sphincterotomy (SIFT‐IS) to eradicate these deep crypts. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients with anal fistula treated with SIFT‐IS.MethodA retrospective study was performed over a 2‐year period. Patients with transsphincteric anal fistula who underwent SIFT‐IS were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the anal fistula healing rate at 16 weeks postoperatively. The secondary endpoints were healing time, postoperative complications and clinical continence status.ResultsOne hundred and fifty one patients were enrolled. Primary healing was accomplished in 129 patients (85%). There were 17 patients (11%) with a remnant fistula and five (3%) with a recurrence. The remnant fistulas healed spontaneously at more than 16 weeks postoperatively in seven patients. The median healing time was 6 (3–96) weeks. Surgical intervention was required in seven patients with a remnant fistula and four with recurrence. At the final follow‐up, the wounds had healed in 148 patients (98%). No significant postoperative complications or incontinence were observed.ConclusionSubcutaneous incision of the fistula tract and internal sphincterotomy is a promising surgical option for transsphincteric anal fistulas, with a satisfactory healing rate.
Effect of CSL112 (apolipoprotein A‐I [human]) on cholesterol efflux capacity in Japanese subjects: Findings from a phase I study and a cross‐study comparison
Authors: Zheng Bo , Goto Shinya , Clementi Regina , Feaster John , Duffy Danielle , Dalitz Penelope , Airey Jolanta , Korjian Serge , Tortorici Michael A. , Roberts John , Gibson C. Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCSL112 (apolipoprotein A‐I [apoA‐I, human]) is a novel drug in development to reduce the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events following acute myocardial infarction by increasing cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). This phase I study aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), and safety of CSL112 in Japanese and White subjects. A total of 34 Japanese subjects were randomized to receive a single infusion of CSL112 (2, 4, or 6 g) or placebo and 18 White subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of 6 g CSL112 or placebo, followed by PK/PD assessment and adverse events monitoring. In addition, PK/PD parameters were compared across the CSL112 clinical development program. Plasma exposure of apoA‐I increased in a dose‐dependent but nonlinear manner in Japanese subjects receiving a single dose of CSL112. Mean baseline‐corrected area under the curve from 0 to 72 h (AUC0–72) increased from 840 to 6490 mg h/dl, in the 2 and 6 g cohorts, respectively, followed by dose‐dependent increase of CEC. The plasma PK profile of apoA‐I and increases in total and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 dependent CEC were comparable in Japanese and White subjects. The geometric mean ratio (Japanese:White) for plasma apoA‐I AUC0–72 and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1.08 and 0.945, respectively. Cross‐study comparison analysis demonstrated similar CSL112 exposure and CEC enhancement in Japanese and non‐Japanese subjects (including patients with cardiovascular disease) and further confirmed consistent PKs/PDs of CSL112. This study suggests CSL112 acutely enhances CEC and is well‐tolerated with no differences between Japanese and White subjects.
Effects of foster care intervention and caregiving quality on the bidirectional development of executive functions and social skills following institutional rearing
Authors: Zeytinoglu Selin , Tang Alva , Zeanah Charles H. , Nelson Charles A. , Almas Alisa N. , Fox Nathan A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInstitutional rearing negatively impacts the development of children's social skills and executive functions (EF). However, little is known about whether childhood social skills mediate the effects of the foster care intervention (FCG) and foster caregiving quality following early institutional rearing on EF and social skills in adolescence. We examined (a) whether children's social skills at 8 years mediate the impact of the FCG on the development of EF at ages 12 and 16 years, and (b) whether social skills and EF at ages 8 and 12 mediate the relation between caregiving quality in foster care at 42 months and subsequent social skills and EF at age 16. Participants included abandoned children from Romanian institutions, who were randomly assigned to a FCG (n = 68) or care as usual (n = 68), and a never‐institutionalized group (n = 135). At ages 8, 12, and 16, social skills were assessed via caregiver and teacher reports and EF were assessed via the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Caregiving quality of foster caregivers was observed at 42 months. FCG predicted better social skills at 8 years, which in turn predicted better EF in adolescence. Higher caregiver quality in foster care at 42 months predicted better social skills at 8 and 12 years, and better EF at 12 years, which in turn predicted 16‐year EF and social skills. These findings suggest that interventions targeting caregiving quality within foster care home environments may have long‐lasting positive effects on children's social skills and EF.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis isolates from Melastoma and Eucalyptus in Malaysia and Indonesia
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Marincowitz Seonju , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wingfield Michael J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChrysoporthe deuterocubensis is the causal agent of a serious canker disease of Eucalyptus spp. in tropical and sub‐tropical areas of Asia. Where the disease occurs, Eucalyptus spp. are non‐native and the native hosts of the pathogen have not been conclusively determined. The chance discovery of C. deuterocubensis on native Melastoma malabathricum growing in the understory of Eucalyptus trees in Indonesia raised the possibility that this woody shrub could be a native host of C. deuterocubensis, which would then have undergone a host jump to Eucalyptus. Four populations of C. deuterocubensis were collected from cankers on Eucalyptus and Melastoma trees in Indonesia and Malaysia. These were subjected to population genetic analyses using microsatellite markers. The genetic diversity for isolates in all four populations was relatively low ( = 0.166–0.316) and unlikely to represent a native source. The maximum percentage of genotypic diversity was high for all four populations (Gmax = 60.0–71.5%) irrespective of the host. Structure analyses and haplotype networks showed no structure related to the host plant species. Overall, the results failed to provide evidence that the indigenous M. malabathricum is the native host or origin of C. deuterocubensis infections on the Eucalyptus trees studied.
Host association, environment, and geography underlie genomic differentiation in a major forest pest
Authors: MacDonald Zachary G. , Snape Kyle L. , Roe Amanda D. , Sperling Felix A. H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDiverse geographic, environmental, and ecological factors affect gene flow and adaptive genomic variation within species. With recent advances in landscape ecological modelling and high‐throughput DNA sequencing, it is now possible to effectively quantify and partition their relative contributions. Here, we use landscape genomics to identify determinants of genomic differentiation in the forest tent caterpillar,Malacosoma disstria, a widespread and irruptive pest of numerous deciduous tree species in North America. We collected larvae from multiple populations across Eastern Canada, where the species experiences a diversity of environmental gradients and feeds on a number of different host tree species, including trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red oak (Quercus rubra), and white birch (Betula papyrifera). Using a combination of reciprocal causal modelling (RCM) and distance‐based redundancy analyses (dbRDA), we show that differentiation of thousands of genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among individuals is best explained by a combination of isolation by distance, isolation by environment (spatial variation in summer temperatures and length of the growing season), and differences in host association. Configuration of suitable habitat inferred from ecological niche models was not significantly related to genomic differentiation, suggesting thatM. disstriadispersal is agnostic with respect to habitat quality. Although population structure was not discretely related to host association, our modelling framework provides the first molecular evidence of host‐associated differentiation inM. disstria, congruent with previous documentation of reduced growth and survival of larvae moved between natal host species. We conclude that ecologically mediated selection is contributing to variation withinM. disstria, and that divergent adaptation related to both environmental conditions and host association should be considered in ongoing research and management of this important forest pest.
A rendezvous block‐based authentication framework for service‐level security in decentralized cloud resources
Authors: Murugaiyan Pajany , Godandapani Zayaraz 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCloud services are distributed from manifold sources with autonomous security procedures. The conventional authentication methods result in asynchronous security towards multi‐resource access and sharing. This provides volatile authentication for sequential service sessions. For alleviating this issue, a Rendezvous Block‐based Authentication Framework (RBAF) is proposed. This framework is backboned with a blockchain paradigm that differentiates authentication based on rendezvous and asynchronous attributes. The modifications in initial and final attributes are observed, intended for training, and supplanted with service‐dependent authentications. In the different sessions, attribute‐based authentication and agreed end‐to‐end security are administered using agreed keys that are valid within the sessions. This key generation is modified using the new session and user attributes based on learning recommendations. The ledger paradigm records the session and its associated attributes for different training instances, based on which service flexibility is ensured. The proposed framework's performance is verified using the metrics service distribution ratio, false rate, session uptime, and service delay.
Influence of temperature on the R‐effect for the fatigue crack growth of nickel‐base superalloy GH4169
Authors: Liu He , Yang Xiaoguang , Li Shaolin , Yan Cheng , Huang Jia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe stress ratio (R) effect, especially at elevated temperatures, is associated with the fatigue crack growth (FCG) prediction in aero‐engine hot‐end components under complex operation conditions. The FCG experiments with three R were conducted on Ni‐based superalloy GH4169 at room temperature (RT), 550°C, and 700°C. The results indicate that the R‐effect on the FCG of GH4196 is temperature‐dependent. Therefore, efforts were made to identify the R‐effect at various temperatures to describe the FCG. The concept of the crack‐closure or the two‐driving‐force was employed to quantify the R‐effect considering the temperature influence. Fractographic analyses on the fracture surface were performed to discuss the underlying mechanism responsible for the temperature influence. The study can contribute to the R‐dependent FCG modeling at various temperatures.
Summer‐survival cultivars of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) potentially contain Festuca genome fragments
Authors: Kubota Akito , Fujimori Masahiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractItalian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars vary widely in their persistence; there are very early heading annual types as well as very late heading, summer‐survival types that survive for 2 or 3 years. Hybrid cultivars that survive in summer temperatures are bred using genes of a similar species (Festuca) in combination with Lolium. It is hypothesized that commercial summer‐survival cultivars of Italian ryegrass include Festuca genome fragments. In this report, we investigated the genomic constitution of five summer‐survival cultivars using the genomic in situ hybridization technique. Two out of the five cultivars contained Festuca genome fragments, confirming that summer‐survival cultivars may include Festuca genome fragments.