bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsettling fieldwork: Reflections of Whiteness and anti‐racist practice in the pedagogies of fieldwork
Authors: Hughes Annie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis commentary considers the racialised lens through which fieldwork, as a pedagogic practice in Geography, is constructed and experienced. Prompted by narratives in the seminal paper ‘Muddy glee’ exploring the gendered aspects of fieldwork, and my own experiences of delivering undergraduate fieldwork with demographically diverse undergraduate students from a London University, the paper offers a rationale for adopting anti‐racist pedagogic practices in fieldwork. The universality of field experience is questioned as I reflect on how it is shaped by and mediated through racialised societies and spaces. The paper argues for the adoption of an active and explicitly anti‐racist approach to fieldwork with academic teachers and their departments addressing how field practices are shaped by the normative Whiteness of our discipline and, more specifically, White Privilege. The paper continues by offering some actions that field leaders can take to ensure anti‐racist practices in their fieldwork. It concludes by reiterating the positive tone of ‘Muddy glee’ by encouraging colleagues to challenge themselves to actively manage their field practices in ways that support ‘rigorous and critical reflexivity’ (Bracken & Mawdsley, 2004, Area, 36, 282), while centring the well‐being of all our students.
Heterozygosity for bisphosphoglycerate mutase deficiency expressing clinically as congenital erythrocytosis: A case series and literature review
Authors: van Dijk Myrthe J. , van Oirschot Brigitte A. , Stam‐Slob Manon C. , Waanders Esmé , van der Zwaag Bert , van Beers Eduard J. , Jans Judith J. M. , van der Linden Peter Willem , Torregrosa Diaz Jose M. , Gardie Betty , Girodon François , Schots Rik , Thielen Noortje , van Wijk Richard 
Published: September 2022

SummaryErythrocytosis is associated with increased red blood cell mass and can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital secondary causes are rare and include germline variants increasing haemoglobin (Hb)‐oxygen affinity (e.g., Hb or bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) variants) or affecting oxygen‐sensing pathway proteins. Here, we describe five adults from three kindreds with erythrocytosis associated with heterozygosity for BPGM variants, including one novel. Functional analyses showed partial BPGM deficiency, reduced 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate levels and/or increased Hb‐oxygen affinity. We also review currently known BPGM variants. This study contributes to raising awareness of BPGM variants, and in particular that heterozygosity for BPGM deficiency may already manifest clinically.
Tactics of evasion: strategies used by signallers to deter eavesdropping enemies from exploiting communication systems
Authors: Bernal Ximena E. , Page Rachel A. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTEavesdropping predators, parasites and parasitoids exploit signals emitted by their prey and hosts for detection, assessment, localization and attack, and in the process impose strong selective pressures on the communication systems of the organisms they exploit. Signallers have evolved numerous anti‐eavesdropper strategies to mitigate the trade‐off between the costs imposed from signal exploitation and the need for conspecific communication. Eavesdropper strategies fall along a continuum from opportunistic to highly specialized, and the tightness of the eavesdropper–signaller relationship results in differential pressures on communication systems. A wide variety of anti‐eavesdropper strategies mitigate the trade‐off between eavesdropper exploitation and conspecific communication. Antagonistic selection from eavesdroppers can result in diverse outcomes including modulation of signalling displays, signal structure, and evolutionary loss or gain of a signal from a population. These strategies often result in reduced signal conspicuousness and in decreased signal ornamentation. Eavesdropping enemies, however, can also promote signal ornamentation. While less common, this alternative outcome offers a unique opportunity to dissect the factors that may lead to different evolutionary pathways. In addition, contrary to traditional assumptions, no sensory modality is completely ‘safe’ as eavesdroppers are ubiquitous and have a broad array of sensory filters that allow opportunity for signal exploitation. We discuss how anthropogenic change affects interactions between eavesdropping enemies and their victims as it rapidly modifies signalling environments and community composition. Drawing on diverse research from a range of taxa and sensory modalities, we synthesize current knowledge on anti‐eavesdropper strategies, discuss challenges in this field and highlight fruitful new directions for future research. Ultimately, this review offers a conceptual framework to understand the diverse strategies used by signallers to communicate under the pressure imposed by their eavesdropping enemies.
Assessing intervention effectiveness at promoting voluntary conservation practice adoption in agrienvironments
Authors: Read Daniel J. , Wainger Lisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough implementing conservation practices on private farms and forests can produce substantial environmental benefits, these practices are not being adopted widely enough to result in measurable improvements at regional scales. Researchers have investigated the production and program factors influencing producer choices to voluntarily adopt these practices. However, the findings of reviews are inconsistent, raising questions about review methods, including the omission of relevant variables. Further, applying lessons from past work to promote adoption is difficult because many reviews investigated dispositional or demographic variables that practitioners and policy makers cannot directly observe or influence. We conducted a new review of 146 empirical studies that tested the effects of different interventions (e.g., financial incentives, outreach events, and nudges) on increasing the likelihood of producers adopting conservation practices. We conducted a metaregression of quantitative studies from diverse disciplines that filtered studies by quality (i.e., use of randomization and clear analysis reporting). We synthesized these results with a thematic analysis of qualitative studies on producer perspectives about conservation practices. Financial incentives had the strongest evidence of increasing producers’ likelihood of adopting conservation practices (odds ratio 1.86, p < 0.05). However, this effect was only apparent after filtering by study quality, which also improved model fit and identified significant regional differences (odds ratio –1.69, p < 0.01). The thematic review of qualitative studies revealed that peer groups may be successful in reinforcing adoption behaviors due to homophily effects and that financial incentives not only offset implementation costs but also mitigated perceived risks of adoption. Given the problems we encountered in testing hypotheses about the magnitude of variability explained by intervention types and practice characteristics, we recommend additional experimental and longitudinal work that accounts for financial incentives and pairs qualitative and quantitative data to clarify relationships between program design and practice adoption rates.
Why does conservation minimize opportunity costs?
Authors: Smallhorn‐West Patrick F. , Pressey Robert L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEffective management of depleted natural resources can be achieved only through changes in human actions. Opportunity costs represent the forgone benefits that would have flowed in the absence of conservation interventions. To the extent that opportunity costs reflect lost opportunities for extractive uses (e.g., fishing or logging), and to the extent that those extractive uses present threats to nature, opportunity costs therefore reflect the positive differences for natural values that can be made through conservation management. Thus, logic dictates that, if conservationists make choices to minimize opportunity costs, they are also necessarily limiting their impact. Unfortunately, empirical evidence from many conservation contexts implies that conservationists indeed make choices consistent with an aim to minimize opportunitycosts, and hence impact. A better understanding of the relationship between opportunity costs and conservation impact will make the language used to communicate conservation progress, targets, and planning more honest and accountable and more explicitly focused on the differences our actions make.
Positive association between research competitiveness of Chinese academic hospitals and the scale of their biobanks: A national survey
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Bian Zhouliang , Chen Yuanyuan , Jiang Erpeng , Chen Tianlu , Wang Congrong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiobanks are important research infrastructure developed rapidly by Chinese hospitals. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the comprehensive research competitiveness of hospitals and the development of hospital biobanks. In 2018, we conducted a national survey among Chinese biobank managers and directors. An online questionnaire was used to collect data of biobank characteristics. Of the 70 academic hospital biobanks responded to our survey, 49 of their hospitals were listed in the Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics (STEM) and 46 of their hospitals were listed in the Fudan Hospital Rankings, respectively, in 2018. Hospital scores from the STEM and Fudan Hospital Rankings were identified from their official websites. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the associations of STEM scores and Fudan Hospital Rankings with the scale of biobanks. The overall STEM score, Scientific and Technological Output, and Academic Impact in hospitals with large‐scale biobanks were 48.35%, 55.16%, and 58.65% higher than those with small‐scale biobanks, respectively. The scale of biobanks was positively associated with STEM score (β = 0.367, p = 0.009), Scientific and Technological Output (β = 0.441, p = 0.001), and Academic Impact (β = 0.304, p = 0.044) after adjustment for potential confounders. For Fudan Hospital Rankings, the comprehensive score and sustainable development ability score were higher in hospitals with large‐scale biobanks. Further analyses showed that the scale of the biobanks was positively associated with a higher comprehensive score (β = 0.313, p = 0.037) and a sustainable development ability score (β = 0.463, p < 0.001). The scale of hospital biobanks was positively associated with the research competitiveness of Chinese hospitals.
Physical characteristics and upper‐limb treatment with botulinum neurotoxin A in children with cerebral palsy: A population‐based study
Authors: Hedberg‐Graff Jenny , Granström Fredrik , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the use of upper‐limb botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) treatment in a population‐based sample of children with cerebral palsy (CP), by investigating whether factors may be related to a first upper‐limb BoNT‐A treatment and whether passive range of motion (ROM) is related to a first BoNT‐A treatment after adjustment for confounders.MethodData from five regions in Sweden, in the national registry and follow‐up programme for CP (CPUP), were collected for children with spastic or dyskinetic CP assessed between 2000 and 2017. CP subtypes, functional classification levels, and traffic‐light‐based passive ROM categories were investigated. Data were analysed with logistic regression (odds ratios).ResultsOf a total of 496 children (317 males, 179 females; median 2 years, interquartile range 1–5 years, range 1–15 years at first measurement occasion), 22% (n = 108) had received upper‐limb BoNT‐A treatment, 45% of whom by 1 to 3 years of age. Those classified in Manual Ability Classification System levels IV and V showed the highest crude odds ratio for a first upper‐limb BoNT‐A treatment. Children with full passive ROM with tightness at the end of the movement range were most likely to receive an upper‐limb BoNT‐A treatment, also after adjustment for confounders. Thumb and forearm muscles were the most targeted at the first upper‐limb BoNT‐A treatment.InterpretationFull passive ROM with tightness at the end of the movement range increases the likelihood of a first upper‐limb BoNT‐A treatment. This new traffic‐light category is an aspect to consider in the dialogue about upper‐limb BoNT‐A.What this paper adds

Among children receiving upper‐limb botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A), 45% had their first treatment before the age of 4 years.
Thumb and forearm muscles were the most treated with BoNT‐A, finger flexor muscles the least.
Full passive range of motion with tightness was related to first upper‐limb BoNT‐A treatment.
A 96‐week, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial comparing bexagliflozin to glimepiride as an adjunct to metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in adults
Authors: Halvorsen Yuan‐Di , Lock John Paul , Frias Juan P. , Tinahones Francisco José , Dahl Dominik , Conery Annie L. , Freeman Mason W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo compare the effects of bexagliflozin tablets 20 mg, with those of optimally titrated glimepiride when used to treat adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled by metformin.MethodsAdults with type 2 diabetes (n = 426) taking metformin, and with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level between 53 and 91 mmol/mol [7.0% and 10.5%], were randomized to receive bexagliflozin tablets 20 mg or titrated glimepiride. The primary endpoint was the intergroup difference in the change from baseline to Week 60 in percent HbA1c. Secondary endpoints included changes from baseline in body mass and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and proportion of subjects experiencing severe or documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia.ResultsThe intergroup difference in percent HbA1c (bexagliflozin minus glimepiride) from baseline to Week 60 was −0.55 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] –2.30, 1.20)‐[−0.05% (−0.21, 0.11)], establishing noninferiority of bexagliflozin to glimepiride by the prespecified margin of 3.83 mmol/mol [0.35%]. Prespecified tests gave, in order, a difference in body mass of −4.31 kg (95% CI −5.10, −3.52; P < 0.0001), a difference in SBP of −6.53 mm Hg (95% CI −10.56, −2.51; P = 0.0008), and an odds ratio of 0.12 (95% CI 0.05, 0.28; P < 0.0001) for severe or documented symptomatic hypoglycaemia. At the follow‐up visit the mean difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between arms was 6.05 mL min−1 per 1.73 m2 (95% CI, 3.24, 8.87; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsBexagliflozin was noninferior to glimepiride in lowering HbA1c, was superior to glimepiride for decreases in body mass and SBP, and was associated with significantly fewer hypoglycaemic events than glimepiride. A favourable effect on eGFR was observed.
Stress, anxiety and depression in dental students: Impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 pandemic
Authors: Braz‐José Catarina , Morais Caldas Inês , de Azevedo Álvaro , Pereira Maria Lurdes 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith the emergence of COVID‐19, dental medicine students were faced with a new reality, as a modification of the learning methods in Dentistry colleges happened. The aim of this study was to characterise the possible effects of Covid‐19 pandemic in terms of anxiety, depression, and stress among students of dentistry.Matherials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted between October 2020 and May 2021. A total of 1115 participants from a total of approximately 3000 students from the seven university institutions that teach the master's degree in dentistry in Portugal, agreed to participate. An online self‐reported questionnaire was applied through Google Forms® platform. The questionnaire was divided in three sections: the students' sociodemographic characterisation, pedagogical aspects, and questions about anxiety, depression, and stress using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress‐21 Scale.ResultsNormal levels of anxiety, depression, and stress, were found in 41%, 36.7%, and 22.7% of the participants, respectively. Being female was the most significant and strong predictor of anxiety and stress, and for depression, not feeling fulfilled in the course they were in was the most significant variable.ConclusionThe participants presented high values of anxiety, depression, and stress, during the pandemic state. Gender and not feeling fulfilled in the course were important predictors.
A longitudinal comparative study of a multicouple group and single‐couple psychosocial intervention while experiencing infertility
Authors: Chamorro Pedro P. , Pino María J. , Casas‐Rosal José C. , Herruzo Javier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis is a quasi‐experimental, nonequivalent design study investigating the efficacy of multicouple group and single‐couple intervention formats aimed at diminishing the psychosocial impact of infertility. The review studies carried out to date that have assessed this subject do not show consistent findings and although increasing the efficacy and efficiency of intervention formats more than justifies their analysis, there are no studies making this particular comparison. Eighty‐seven infertile couples who were in assessment for their infertility and/or were close to undergoing some kind of assisted reproductive technology process participated in a psychosocial intervention either under the multicouple group or single‐couple subconditions, or acted as controls. The variables of depression, anxiety, and fertility quality of life were used for evaluating psychosocial impact. Comparisons were made: (a) between the intervention condition and controls and (b) between the two subconditions. The results support the efficacy of the intervention both in the dyadic latent growth curve models analysis carried out and in the treatment effect calculation. Although in the comparison between the multicouple and single‐couple format, some differences generally favoring the single format one were found, they were not conclusive. Therefore, the results are in line with review studies that did not find the group format to be more effective. Although this study provides valuable information, its limitations mean that further research needs to be carried out. When selecting the intervention format, therapists should also weigh up others aspects, such as the intervention goal, patient's needs and characteristics, reproductive history, and current stage of infertility.
In situ experimental study on fracture toughness and damage mechanism of TiB2‐reinforced steel matrix composites
Authors: Chen Ronghua , Li Weipeng , Li Bochuan , Jiang Chao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is crucial to obtain better fracture property of particle‐reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) for application in structural parts. In this study, three‐point bending tests are conducted on a TiB2‐reinforced steel matrix composites (SMCs) with 9% and 13% TiB2 volume fractions to understand the effect of hot rolling and particle content on fracture toughness. Results show that increasing particle content has a negative effect on the fracture toughness of SCMs as a whole. Many microcracks induced by large‐size particle fracture initiate in the front of crack tip and coalesce with one another are observed, thus accelerating the main crack propagation. However, hot rolling can effectively improve the fracture toughness and hardness of SMCs with two particle contents. Particle characteristics and matrix plasticity of the SMCs are optimized by hot rolling, which finally enhances the crack propagation resistance. The present work provides guiding suggestions for effectively improving fracture properties of PRMMCs.
Optimality principles explaining divergent responses of alpine vegetation to environmental change
Authors: Zhu Ziqi , Wang Han , Harrison Sandy P. , Prentice Iain Colin , Qiao Shengchao , Tan Shen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent increases in vegetation greenness over much of the world reflect increasing CO2 globally and warming in cold areas. However, the strength of the response to both CO2 and warming in those areas appears to be declining for unclear reasons, contributing to large uncertainties in predicting how vegetation will respond to future global changes. Here, we investigated the changes of satellite‐observed peak season absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Fmax) on the Tibetan Plateau between 1982 and 2016. Although climate trends are similar across the Plateau, we identified robust divergent responses (a greening of 0.31 ± 0.14% year−1 in drier regions and a browning of 0.12 ± 0.08% year−1 in wetter regions). Using an eco‐evolutionary optimality (EEO) concept of plant acclimation/adaptation, we propose a parsimonious modelling framework that quantitatively explains these changes in terms of water and energy limitations. Our model captured the variations in Fmax with a correlation coefficient (r) of .76 and a root mean squared error of .12 and predicted the divergent trends of greening (0.32 ± 0.19% year−1) and browning (0.07 ± 0.06% year−1). We also predicted the observed reduced sensitivities of Fmax to precipitation and temperature. The model allows us to explain these changes: Enhanced growing season cumulative radiation has opposite effects on water use and energy uptake. Increased precipitation has an overwhelmingly positive effect in drier regions, whereas warming reduces Fmax in wetter regions by increasing the cost of building and maintaining leaf area. Rising CO2 stimulates vegetation growth by enhancing water‐use efficiency, but its effect on photosynthesis saturates. The large decrease in the sensitivity of vegetation to climate reflects a shift from water to energy limitation. Our study demonstrates the potential of EEO approaches to reveal the mechanisms underlying recent trends in vegetation greenness and provides further insight into the response of alpine ecosystems to ongoing climate change.
Land use changes biomass and temporal patterns of insect cross‐ecosystem flows
Authors: Ohler Katharina , Schreiner Verena C. , Link Moritz , Liess Matthias , Schäfer Ralf B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmergent aquatic insects constitute an important food source for higher trophic levels, linking aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. Little is known about how land use affects the biomass or composition of insect emergence. Previous studies are limited to individual time points or seasons, hampering understanding of annual biomass export patterns and detection of phenological changes. Over 1 year's primary emergence period, we continuously determined the biomass, abundance, and identity of >45,000 aquatic insects and recorded land‐use‐related environmental variables in 20 stream sites using a paired design with upstream forested sites and downstream agricultural sites. Total insect biomass and abundance were 2–7 mg day−1 m−2 and 7–36 ind day−1 m−2 higher in agricultural than forested sites. However, we found turnover of families between forested and agricultural sites, with more insects with shorter generation time in agriculture, indicating lower sensitivity to land‐use‐related stress because of higher recovery potential. Except for stoneflies, biomass and abundance of major orders were higher in agriculture, but their phenology differed. For different orders, emergence peaked 30 days earlier to 51 days later in agriculture than forest, whereas total abundance and biomass both peaked earlier in agriculture: 3–5 and 3–19 days, respectively. The most important land‐use‐related drivers were pesticide toxicity and electrical conductivity, which were differentially associated with different aquatic insect order abundances and biomass. Overall, we found that land use was related to changes in composition and phenology of aquatic insect emergence, which is likely to affect food‐web dynamics in a cross‐ecosystem context.