bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Split-Tendon Medial Transposition of Lateral Rectus for Pediatric Complete Oculomotor Palsy
Authors: Zhang Kevin X. , Varma Hersh , Cao Yuying , Shah Veeral S. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Split-tendon medial transposition of lateral rectus (STMTLR) for complete oculomotor palsy can correct large angles of exotropia in adults, but outcomes are variable, and complications are frequent. Only a few pediatric cases have been reported, and further insight is needed to assess the child's alignment outcomes and ability for postsurgical gain of function. The aim of our study is to report the outcomes of this surgical procedure in pediatric cases of complete oculomotor palsy.

Methods:
A retrospective review of outcomes was conducted on 5 consecutive patients with complete oculomotor palsy treated with STMTLR by a single surgeon (V.S.S.) between 2015 and 2021 at tertiary referral centers. Primary outcome was postoperative horizontal alignment, and secondary outcome was demonstration of gain-of-function activity in the field of action of the paretic medial rectus muscle.

Results:
Five cases of pediatric complete oculomotor palsy underwent surgical treatment with STMTLR. Subjects averaged 5.3 years old (range 10 months-16 years). Two were female. Etiologies were heterogeneous, and all presented with unilateral (n = 2) or bilateral complete oculomotor palsy with exodeviations ranging from 45 to >120 prism diopters. Two subjects had bilateral disease secondary to military tuberculosis with CNS involvement. A third subject presented iatrogenically with complete bilateral third nerve palsies secondary to removal of a nongerminomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) of the pineal gland. The 2 remaining subjects had monocular involvement in their right eye, 1 from compressive neuropathy after a cavernoma midbrain hemorrhage, and 1 from a congenital right oculomotor palsy. All patients were observed to have stable ocular alignment for a period of at least 6 months before surgery. Unilateral STMTLR was performed in all cases except the subject with NGGCT, in which bilateral STMTLR was performed. Measurement of alignment permanence out to 1–3 years postop resulted in an average correction of 40.83 prism diopters (range 37.5–45 prism diopters) per operated eye. Four of 5 subjects regained limited but active adduction eye movements, and the 2 unilateral cases demonstrated improved convergence. None of the subjects experienced significant complications.

Conclusions:
STMTLR was a safe and effective approach for the surgical correction of complete pediatric oculomotor palsy in our case series. In addition, pediatric patients may benefit from STMTLR with immediate gain-of-function activity in the transposed lateral rectus muscle, which supports the hypothesis that children have a dynamic and adaptive neuroplasticity of visual target selection that predominates established agonist/antagonist neural signaling.
Robust electron spin qubit control in a nanowire double quantum dot
Authors: Lu Runyu , Liu Kaipeng , Ban Yue 
Published: November 2022

Robust and efficient manipulation of electron spin qubits in quantum dots is of great significance for the reliable realization of quantum computers and execution of quantum algorithms. In this paper, we study the robust control on a singlet-triplet qubit based on inverse engineering, one technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA), in a nanowire double quantum dot in the presence of magnetic field and strong spin-orbit coupling. The optimization of STA with respect to the systematic errors, contributed from the control field and the perturbative interaction, is explored. Moreover, we also apply optimal control techniques combining with STA, referred to as robust inverse optimization, to design optimal control fields and optimal operation time.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Shortcuts to adiabaticity: theoretical, experimental and interdisciplinary perspectives’.
Quantum brachistochrone
Authors: Koike Tatsuhiko 
Published: November 2022

Quantum brachistochrone (QB) is a quantum analogue of classical brachistochrone (shortest path). It is a solution to the following problem: How can we perform a desired quantum operation (or obtain a desired final quantum state) most quickly, by a time-dependent Hamiltonian subject to given constraints? Finding QB is a fundamental problem in quantum mechanics in its own right. Moreover, it will be useful in the study of quantum information and quantum engineering, such as quantum speed limits and implementations of quantum computers. A general framework for finding QBs, called QB formalism, has been developed. It is based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle. We review the basics of the QB formalism, give simple examples, and briefly discuss some related studies.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Shortcuts to adiabaticity: theoretical, experimental and interdisciplinary perspectives’.
Fast transport of Bose–Einstein condensates in anharmonic traps
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Xi , Ruschhaupt Andreas 
Published: November 2022

We present a method to transport Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in anharmonic traps and in the presence of atom–atom interactions in short times without residual excitation. Using a combination of a variational approach and inverse engineering methods, we derive a set of Ermakov-like equations that take into account the coupling between the centre of mass motion and the breathing mode. By an appropriate inverse engineering strategy of those equations, we then design the trap trajectory to achieve the desired boundary conditions. Numerical examples for cubic or quartic anharmonicities are provided for fast and high-fidelity transport of BECs. Potential applications are atom interferometry and quantum information processing.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Shortcuts to adiabaticity: theoretical, experimental and interdisciplinary perspectives’.
Circulating Tumor DNA As A MRD Assessment And Recurrence Risk In Patients Undergoing Curative Intent Resection With Or Without Adjuvant Chemotherapy In Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Chidharla Anusha , Rapoport Eliot , Agarwal Kriti , Madala Samragnyi , Linares Brenda , Sun Weijing , Chakrabarti Sakti , Kasi Anup 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPURPOSEEmerging data have suggested that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be a reliable biomarker for Minimal residual disease (MRD) in CRC patients. Recent studies have shown that the ability to detect MRD using ctDNA assay after curative-intent surgery will change how to assess recurrence risk and patient selection for adjuvant chemotherapy.METHODSWe performed a meta-analysis of post-operative ctDNA in Stage I-IV (oligometastatic) CRC patients after curative-intent resection. We included 23 studies representing 3,568 patients with evaluable ctDNA in CRC patients post-curative intent surgery. Data were extracted from each study to perform a meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4. software. Subsequent subgroup analysis was performed for stages I-III and oligometastatic stage IV CRC patients.RESULTSThe pooled hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in post-surgical ctDNA positive versus negative patients in all stages was 7.27 (95% CI 5.49-9.62) p <0.00001. Subgroup analysis revealed pooled HR of 8.14 (95% CI 5.60-11.82) and 4.83 (95% CI 3.64-6.39) for stage I-III and IV CRC, respectively. The pooled HR for RFS in post-adjuvant chemotherapy ctDNA positive versus negative patients in all stages was 10.59 (95% CI 5.59-20.06) p <0.00001. The subgroup analysis based on the ctDNA method showed a pooled HR of 8.66 (95% CI 6.38-11.75) and 3.76 (95% CI 2.58-5.48) for tumor-informed and tumor-agnostic, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur analysis emphasizes that post-operative ctDNA is a strong prognostic marker of RFS. Based on our results, ctDNA can be a significant and independent predictor of RFS. This real-time assessment of treatment benefits using ctDNA can be used as a surrogate endpoint for the development of novel drugs in the adjuvant setting.
Behavioral detectability of optogenetic stimulation of inferior temporal cortex varies with the size of concurrently viewed objects
Authors: Lafer-Sousa Rosa , Wang Karen , Azadi Reza , Lopez Emily , Bohn Simon , Afraz Arash 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that macaque monkeys can behaviorally detect a subtle optogenetic impulse delivered to their inferior temporal (IT) cortex. We have also shown that the ability to detect the cortical stimulation impulse varies depending on some characteristics of the visual images viewed at the time of brain stimulation, revealing the visual nature of the perceptual events induced by stimulation of the IT cortex. Here we systematically studied the effect of the size of viewed objects on behavioral detectability of optogenetic stimulation of the central IT cortex. Surprisingly, we found that behavioral detection of the same optogenetic impulse highly varies with the size of the viewed object images. Reduction of the object size in four steps from 8 to 1 degree of visual angle significantly decreased detection performance. These results show that identical stimulation impulses delivered to the same neural population induce variable perceptual events depending on the mere size of the objects viewed at the time of brain stimulation.
SRGP-1/srGAP and AFD-1/Afadin stabilize HMP-1/α-Catenin at rosettes to seal internalization sites following gastrulation inC. elegans
Authors: Serre Joel M. , Slabodnick Mark M. , Goldstein Bob , Hardin Jeff 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA hallmark of gastrulation is the establishment of germ layers by internalization of cells initially on the exterior. InC. elegansthe end of gastrulation is marked by the closure of the ventral cleft, a structure formed as cells internalize during gastrulation, and the subsequent rearrangement of adjacent neuroblasts that remain on the surface. We found that a nonsense allele ofsrgp-1/srGAPleads to 10-15% cleft closure failure. Deletion of the SRGP-1 C-terminal domain led to a comparable rate of cleft closure failure, whereas deletion of the N-terminal F-BAR region resulted in milder defects. Loss of the SRGP-1 C-terminus or F-BAR domain results in defects in rosette formation and defective clustering of HMP-1/α-catenin in surface cells during cleft closure. A mutant form of HMP-1 with an open M domain can suppress cleft closure defects insrgp-1mutant backgrounds, suggesting that this mutation acts as a gain-of-function allele. Since SRGP-1 binding to HMP-1 is not favored in this case, we sought another HMP-1 interactor that might be recruited when HMP-1 is constitutively open. A good candidate is AFD-1/Afadin, which genetically interacts with cadherin-based adhesion later during embryonic elongation. AFD-1 is prominently expressed at the vertex of neuroblast rosettes in wildtype, and depletion of AFD-1/Afadin increases cleft closure defects insrgp-1andhmp-1R551/554Abackgrounds. We propose that SRGP-1 promotes nascent junction formation in rosettes; as junctions mature and sustain higher levels of tension, the M domain of HMP-1 opens, allowing maturing junctions to transition from recruitment of SRGP-1 to AFD-1. Our work identifies new roles for α-catenin interactors during a process crucial to metazoan development.
The role of the cerebellum in learning to predict reward: evidence from cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Nicholas Jonathan , Amlang Christian , Lin Chi-Ying R. , Montaser-Kouhsari Leila , Desai Natasha , Pan Ming-Kai , Kuo Sheng-Han , Shohamy Daphna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent findings in animals have challenged the traditional view of the cerebellum solely as the site of motor control, suggesting that the cerebellum may also be important for learning to predict reward from trial-and-error feedback. Yet, evidence for the role of the cerebellum in reward learning in humans is lacking. Moreover, open questions remain about which specific aspects of reward learning the cerebellum may contribute to. Here we address this gap through an investigation of multiple forms of reward learning in individuals with cerebellum dysfunction, represented by cerebellar ataxia cases. Nineteen participants with cerebellar ataxia and 57 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed two separate tasks that required learning about reward contingencies from trial-and-error. To probe the selectivity of reward learning processes, the tasks differed in their underlying structure: while one task measured incremental reward learning ability alone, the other allowed participants to use an alternative learning strategy based on episodic memory alongside incremental reward learning. We found that individuals with cerebellar ataxia were profoundly impaired at reward learning from trial-and-error feedback on both tasks, but retained the ability to learn to predict reward based on episodic memory. These findings provide evidence from humans for a specific and necessary role for the cerebellum in incremental learning of reward associations based on reinforcement. More broadly, the findings suggest that alongside its role in motor learning, the cerebellum likely operates in concert with the basal ganglia to support reinforcement learning from reward.
Reliable detection of eczema areas for fully automated assessment of eczema severity from digital camera images
Authors: Attar Rahman , Hurault Guillem , Wang Zihao , Mokhtari Ricardo , Pan Kevin , Olabi Bayanne , Earp Eleanor , Steele Lloyd , Williams Hywel C. , Tanaka Reiko J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTAssessing the severity of eczema in clinical research requires face-to-face skin examination by trained staff. Such approaches are resource-intensive for participants and staff, challenging during pandemics, and prone to inter- and intra-observer variation. Computer vision algorithms have been proposed to automate the assessment of eczema severity using digital camera images. However, they often require human intervention to detect eczema lesions and cannot automatically assess eczema severity from real-world images in an end-to-end pipeline.We developed a new model to detect eczema lesions from images using data augmentation and pixel-level segmentation of eczema lesions on 1345 images provided by dermatologists. We evaluated the quality of the obtained segmentation compared to that of the clinicians, the robustness to varying imaging conditions encountered in real-life images, such as lighting, focus, and blur and the performance of downstream severity prediction when using the detected eczema lesions. The quality and robustness of eczema lesion detection increased by approximately 25% and 40%, respectively, compared to our previous eczema detection model. The performance of the downstream severity prediction remained unchanged.
Pharmacological modulators of epithelial immunity uncovered by synthetic genetic tracing of SARS-CoV-2 infection responses
Authors: Jiang Ben , Schmitt Matthias Jürgen , Rand Ulfert ,   Carlos Company, Grossman Melanie , Serresi Michela , Cicin-Sain Luka , Gargiulo Gaetano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEpithelial immune responses govern tissue homeostasis and offer drug targets against maladaptation. Here, we report a framework to generate drug discovery-ready reporters of cellular responses to viral infection. We reverse engineered epithelial cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, the viral agent fueling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and designed synthetic transcriptional reporters whose molecular logic comprises interferon-α/β/γ-, and NF-κB pathways. Such regulatory potential reflected single-cell data from experimental models to severe COVID-19 patient epithelial cells infected by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2, type-I interferons, and RIG-I drive reporter activation. Live-cell-image-based phenotypic drug screens identified JAK inhibitors and DNA damage inducers as antagonistic modulators of epithelial cell response to interferons, RIG-I stimulation, and SARS-CoV-2. Synergistic or antagonistic modulation of the reporter by drugs underscored their similar mechanism of action. Thus, this study describes a tool for dissecting antiviral responses to infection and sterile cues, and a rapid approach to other emerging viruses of public health concern in order to discover rational drug combinations.
Salicylic acid-related ribosomal protein CaSLP improves drought andPst. DC3000tolerance in pepper
Authors: Zhang Huafeng , Pei Yingping , ul Haq Saeed , Khan Abid , Chen Rugang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ribosomal protein SA plays an essential role in multiple aspects and is involved in plant growth and response to various stresses. Drought threatens pepper yield and quality. However, the resistance mechanism of pepper in response to drought are complex and not yet fully understood. Here, we describe the role ofCaSLPin mediating pepper tolerance to drought stress. we found thatCaSLPwas highly expressed under drought and salicylic acid (SA) stress, and CaSLP was localized in cell nucleus and cytomembrane. Knockout ofCaSLPgene significantly decreased the pepper drought tolerance, while transient expression ofCaSLPleads to drought tolerance in pepper, and overexpression of theCaSLPdramatically increased the drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, exogenous spring salicylic acid enhanced drought tolerance. The characterization of resistance molecular mechanisms in the Pseudomonas syringae pv.TomatoDC3000 (Pst.DC3000) is of great significance for the pepper yield and quality, we found thatCaSLP-knockdown pepper plants demonstrated decreasedPst.DC3000tolerance, whereas ectopic expression of theCaSLPincreased thePst.DC3000stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results showed that CaNAC035 physically interacts with CaSLP in the cell nucleus, and theCaNAC035was identified as an upstream partner of theCaPR1promoter and activated the transcription. Taken together, our data demonstrated thatCaSLPplays an essential role in the regulation of drought stress. Our study elucidates the roles ofCaSLPresponse to drought stress tolerance. Furthermore, a possible regulatory model and molecular mechanisms under drought stress is proposed.
Actin filaments accumulate in the nucleus during interphase and remain in the vicinity of condensing chromosomes during prophase to metaphase in zebrafish early embryos
Authors: Oda Haruka , Sato Yuko , Kawashima Shigehiro A. , Fujiwara Yusuke , Pálfy Máté , Wu Edlyn , Vastenhouw Nadine L. , Kanai Motomu , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays a critical role in cell regulation, including cell migration, stress fiber formation, and cytokinesis. Recent studies have shown that actin filaments that form in the nucleus are associated with diverse functions. Here, using live imaging of an F-actin-specific probe, superfolder GFP-tagged utrophin (UtrCH-sfGFP), we demonstrated the dynamics of nuclear actin in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. In early zebrafish embryos up to around the high stage, UtrCH-sfGFP increasingly accumulated in nuclei during the interphase and reached a peak during the prophase. After nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), patches of UtrCH-sfGFP remained in the vicinity of condensing chromosomes during the prometaphase to metaphase. When zygotic transcription was inhibited by injecting α-amanitin, the nuclear accumulation of UtrCH-sfGFP was still observed at the sphere and dome stages, suggesting that zygotic transcription may induce a decrease in nuclear F-actin. The accumulation of F-actin in nuclei may contribute to proper mitotic progression of large cells with rapid cell cycles in zebrafish early embryos, by assisting in NEBD, chromosome congression, and/or spindle assembly.Summary statementFilamentous actin accumulates in the nucleus of zebrafish early embryos and forms patches associating with condensing chromosomes during prophase.
Metagenome-based metabolic modelling predicts unique microbial interactions in deep-sea hydrothermal plume microbiomes
Authors: Kuppa Baskaran Dinesh Kumar , Umale Shreyansh , Zhou Zhichao , Raman Karthik , Anantharaman Karthik 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTDeep-sea hydrothermal vents are abundant on the ocean floor and play important roles in ocean biogeochemistry. In vent ecosystems such as hydrothermal plumes, microorganisms rely on reduced chemicals and gases in hydrothermal fluids to fuel primary production and form diverse and complex microbial communities. However, microbial interactions that drive these complex microbiomes remain poorly understood. Here, we use microbiomes from the Guaymas Basin hydrothermal system in the Pacific Ocean to shed more light on the key species in these communities and their interactions. We built metabolic models from metagenomically assembled genomes (MAGs) and infer possible metabolic exchanges and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events within the community. We highlight possible archaea–archaea and archaea–bacteria interactions and their contributions to robustness of the community. Cellobiose, D-Mannose 1-phosphate, O2, CO2, and H2S were among the most exchanged metabolites. Ten microbes, including eight bacteria and two archaea, were identified as key contributors. These microorganisms uniquely enhanced the metabolic capabilities of the community by donating metabolites that cannot be produced by any other community member. Archaea from the DPANN group stood out as key microbes, benefiting significantly from accepting metabolites from other members of the microbiome. Amino acids were the key auxotrophy driving metabolic interactions in the community. Finally, over 200 horizontal gene transfer events were predicted in the community, the majority of which were betweenGammaproteobacteriaandAlphaproteobacteria. Overall, our study provides key insights into the microbial interactions that drive community structure and organisation in complex hydrothermal plumes and deep-sea microbiomes.