bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of bio fabricated gold nanoparticles for disinfectant applications in impregnated medical gloves to improve the personal protection during the nursing care
Authors: Yan Yuanyuan , Li Xiaoping , Chen Ye , Cui Rongxia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study involves the use of Gnidia glauca (G.glauca) leaf extract in the fabrication of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), dip-coated onto the surface of gloves and their antimicrobial properties were studied for use in nursing care. The prepared Au NPs were studied by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Au NPs were Purple in color with a characteristic plasmon resonance peak on the surface at a wavelength of 532 nm. The images of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the Au NPs with size ranging from 22–35 nm. The crystalline size and nature of Au NPs was demonstrated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Further, antimicrobial results showed that the AuNPs-coated gloves demonstrated good antibacterial effect, notably against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Hence, the highly effective AuNPs-coated gloves may be ideal candidates for preventing or minimising indirect microbial transmission and cross-contamination in nursing care.
Recapitulating folliculogenesis and oogenesis outside the body: encapsulated in vitro follicle growth
Authors: Converse Aubrey , Zaniker Emily J , Amargant Farners , Duncan Francesca E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Folliculogenesis is a tightly coordinated process essential for generating a fertilization-competent gamete while also producing gonadal hormones that sustain endocrine function. In vitro follicle growth systems have been critical to our understanding of key events in folliculogenesis, such as gonadotropin-independent and dependent growth, steroid hormone production, and oocyte growth and maturation (cytoplasmic and meiotic). Although there are several successful follicle culture strategies, the following protocol details an encapsulated in vitro follicle growth (eIVFG) system for use with mouse ovarian follicles. Encapsulated IVFG is performed with alginate hydrogels, which are biologically inert, maintains cell-to-cell interactions between granulosa cells and the oocyte, and preserves follicle architecture as found in the ovary. The system supports follicle growth, development, and differentiation from the early primary follicle to the antral follicle stage. Moreover, post-folliculogenesis events including meiotic maturation, ovulation, and luteinization are also supported. Importantly, the culture of secondary follicles has successfully resulted in viable pups after blastocyst transfer. This alginate-based eIVFG system is versatile and has broad applications as a tool for interrogating the fundamental biology of the ovarian follicle in a controlled manner, a screening platform for toxicity and bioactivity, and a potential fertility preservation method for endangered species as well as humans.
Minimally important differences in oral health-related quality of life after fixed orthodontic treatment: a prospective cohort study
Authors: LAU Clement C M , Savoldi Fabio , Yang Yanqi , Hägg Urban , McGrath Colman P , Gu Min 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Background
The minimally important difference (MID, the smallest difference that patients perceive as beneficial) has been proposed to assess whether study results are clinically meaningful, reducing the shortcoming of P-values-based approaches in the assessment of clinical outcomes. The post-treatment changes and the MID in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among adults undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were investigated.

Methods
Ninety-two patients (29.1 ± 6.3 years old, 18 males and 74 females) were prospectively included. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and United Kingdom Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHQoL-UK) were used to assess OHRQoL at baseline and post-treatment (50.8 ± 15.7 months). Global Transition Rating (GTR) was used to assess oral health/well-being, Peer Assessment Review (PAR), and Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) were used to assess occlusion. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess changes in OHRQoL and occlusion, Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to assess associations between OHRQoL and oral health/well-being or occlusion. MID for OHIP-14 and OHQoL-UK was estimated via anchor-based (PAR, ICON, GTR) and distribution-based approach (effect size, standardized response mean, standard error of measurement).

Results
The median OHIP-14 and OHQoL-UK post-treatment scores were significantly changed, indicating improved OHRQoL. Based on the agreement between different methods, the MID of OHIP-14 and OHQoL-UK were at least 15 and 6 scale points, corresponding to a large effect size (1.5–1.7).

Conclusions
Orthodontic treatment had a positive long-term impact on OHRQoL. MID for the OHIP-14 and OHQoL-UK provide guidance to interpreting the impact of orthodontic treatment on the OHRQoL of patients.
Musculoskeletal Pain, a Possible Indicator of Central Sensitization, Is Positively Associated With Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Progression in Community-Dwelling Older Men
Authors: Senders Angela , Bauer Scott R , Chen Yiyi , Oken Barry , Fink Howard A , Lane Nancy E , Sajadi Kamran P , Marshall Lynn M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Musculoskeletal pain, a possible marker of central sensitization, is associated with higher prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among older men. We investigated whether musculoskeletal pain is associated with LUTS progression.

Methods
Participants were 5 569 men age ≥65 years enrolled in the prospective, multicenter Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain within 12 months before baseline was categorized as any pain and multilocation pain. Pain interference within 4 weeks of baseline was assessed with the SF-12 questionnaire. LUTS were assessed repeatedly with the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA-SI). Men with severe LUTS at baseline were excluded. LUTS progression was defined as the first occurrence of a ≥4-point AUA-SI increase during a 2-year follow-up interval. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable pooled logistic regression.

Results
LUTS progression was 37% higher among men with any musculoskeletal pain compared with men without pain (IRR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.54). Positive associations were also observed between LUTS progression and pain at 1 (IRR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.48) and ≥2 locations (IRR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.60). Compared with men without pain interference, men with quite a bit/extreme pain interference were most likely to experience LUTS progression (minimal interference IRR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.26; moderate interference IRR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.45; quite a bit/extreme interference IRR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.22, 1.71).

Conclusions
Among men initially without severe LUTS, musculoskeletal pain is associated with an increased risk of LUTS progression. Studies using validated measures of central sensitization and LUTS progression among men are warranted.
1 Associations between Resilience to Early-Life Stress and Behavior in Finishing Gilts
Authors: Luttman Andrea M , Lee Bora , Siegford Janice M , Raney Nancy E , Steibel Juan P , Ernst Catherine W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weaning is an acute early-life stressor and therefore, an excellent model for examining lasting impacts of stress resilience. Our objective was to identify gilts exhibiting resilience or vulnerability to weaning stress and characterize long-term impact on behavior. At weaning, blood samples were collected from all gilt piglets of 17 crossbred litters (n=112) at -1d, 0d, and +4d pre- and post-weaning. Serum cortisol concentrations were quantified using a commercial porcine-specific ELISA kit. For each litter, serum cortisol was used to identify the gilt most capable to return to baseline concentrations by +4d as stress resilient (SR, n=17) and the gilt least capable as stress vulnerable (SV, n=17). SR and SV gilts were followed and mixed into new social cohorts at approximately 8 wk-of-age. Skin wounds counts were recorded at -1d, +1d, and +4d surrounding the mix event. At approximately 12 wk-of-age, SR and SV gilts underwent a novel object test (NOT) to assess reactivity to a novel situation. Measures collected during the NOT included latency to cross 1m line from object, latency to cross 0.5m line from object, latency to touch object, total vocalizations, and percent of vocalizations that were high pitched. A paired t-test was conducted to analyze differences between SR and SV gilts. SR gilts had significantly more skin wounds at 1d post-mixing than SV gilts (P=0.007). No significant differences in vocalizations or latency to cross 1m line from object were found between the two groups. However, SR gilts had significantly shorter latency to cross the 0.5m line (P=0.010) and marginally shorter latency to touch the novel object (P=0.088). We found behavioral differences associated with resilience to weaning stress. Gilts resilient to weaning stress engaged in more agonistic behavior at mixing and were bolder when faced with a novel situation.
2 Vibration Profiles of Commercial Straight-Deck Trailers Transporting Market-Weight Pigs During Summer
Authors: Alambarrio Daniela A , Davis Benjamin , Morris Benjamin , Gonzalez John M , Turner Kari K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective was to collect and quantify three-axis acceleration data from locations within commercial transport trailers shipping market weight pigs during summer. Two trucks and straight-deck trailers, owned and operated by a single producer, were observed during two loads per day for five consecutive days. Three-axis accelerometers were placed under top and bottom deck floors in the center of the fore, center, and aft compartments. Z-axis and combined x- and y-axis data were processed to generate root-mean-square (RMS) values and vibration dose values (VDV) during loading, trailer movement, and unloading. At all periods of the trip and both sets of axis data, there were no Deck × Area interactions (P &gt; 0.11) for RMS and VDV values. During loading and movement, the bottom deck had greater z-axis RMS and VDV values than the top deck (P &lt; 0.01), but there was no difference (P = 0.07) during unloading. There were no Area effects for z-axis RMS and VDV values during all time periods (P &gt; 0.06). During all periods, the top deck had greater x,y-axis RMS values than the bottom deck (P &lt; 0.02). During loading and movement, the bottom deck had greater x,y-axis VDV values than the top deck (P &lt; 0.03), but there was no difference (P = 0.52) during unloading. There were no Area effects for x,y-axis RMS and VDV values during all time periods (P &gt; 0.07). Individual trip RMS and VDV values were compared with exposure action values (EAV; injury possible) and exposure limit values (ELV; injury likely). At all parts of the trip, trailer RMS and VDV violated between 51% and 99% EAV and ELV thresholds. These data indicate top and bottom decks vibrate differently and pigs experience vibrations that may contribute to fatigued pig syndrome or the non-ambulatory condition.
3 Towards Automated Behavior Analysis for Individually Housed Piglets–Sampling Considerations
Authors: Williams Tawni N , Green-Miller Angela R , Dilger Ryan N , Li Jiangong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Behavior sampling is commonly applied to represent a complete picture of animal behavior. Traditional sampling methods often fail to capture complete sequences of events, diurnal behavior, or behavior patterns. As digital technologies allow more frequent collection of behavior, there is a need to understand if the potential increase in sampling frequency yields an increase in the knowledge we gain from additional observations. In this study, 24-h behavior was labelled for three individually housed research piglets, creating a ground truth dataset. An ethogram with five categories (resting, consumption, maintenance, exploratory, and social interactions) including 23 behavior labels was applied for behavior observation for every frame in the video data set. Using Python to automatically sample behavior data from the complete dataset, the results of instantaneous and continuous sampling strategies at various sampling intervals and times of day were compared with the ground truth continuous data set using a two-sample t-test for: (a) total percentage of observations, (b) average bout length, and (c) normalized number of occurrences. Results were considered significant for alpha&lt; 0.05, which indicated a sampling method was different from ground truth. Continuously sampled data were collected at the start of each hour for 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20-min periods. Instantaneously sampled data were collected at the intervals: 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40-s; 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 60-min. Every sampling strategy resulted in misrepresentation of behavior. For example, results for the 1-s instantaneous sampling method (every 15th frame versus every frame) revealed that seven of the 23 behaviors observed were misrepresented in at least one metric: (a) total percentage of observations [P=0.027 (drinking behavior); P=0.027 (sham chewing), P=0.011 (head tossing)]; (b) average bout length [P=0.033 (feeding behavior), P=0.032 (nosing), P=0.040 (exploring pen), P=0.039 (head tossing)]; and (c) normalized number of occurrences [P=0.005 (exploring pen), P=0.018 (head tossing)].
10 Conservation Planning for Greenhouse Gases in Animal Agriculture
Authors: Zwicke Greg , Costa Allison 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The United States Department of Agriculture-Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) works in a voluntary and collaborative manner with agricultural producers to solve natural resource issues on private lands. One of the key steps in formulating a solution to those natural resource issues is a conservation planning process that identifies the issues, highlights one or more conservation practice standards that can be used to address those issues, and allows the agricultural producer to select those conservation practices that make sense for their operation. In this conservation planning process, USDA-NRCS looks at natural resource issues related to soil, water, air, plants, animals, and energy (SWAPA+E). With the increasing focus on Climate Smart Agriculture and Forestry, the air quality natural resource concern associated with greenhouse gases is of particular importance. This presentation will focus on the USDA-NRCS conservation planning process for determining whether greenhouse gases from confined animal production is a resource concern and the conservation practice standard options that can be used to address an identified resource concern for greenhouse gases from confined animal production.
11 Balancing Beneficence and Autonomy in Animal Agriculture with a Warming World
Authors: Feltz Adam , Feltz Silke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There are competing values and understandings of how animal agriculture relates to a host of common and social goods including contributions to global warming. These competing understandings and values can sometimes generate ethical problems where some values are violated at the expense of other values. Consequently, in many contexts, these problems call for resolution (e.g., attempts to mitigate the effects of animal agriculture on global warming). There are many possible interventions to help resolve these ethical problems including prohibitions, incentives, persuasion, and education. Each of these interventions tend to have their own ethical costs and benefits. We discuss a framework for how these different interventions influence psychological elements in psychological decision-making processes. Given this framework, we pay special attention to some of the ethics that are involved in how those interventions influence these psychological factors. We provide some dimensions on which one could make comparisons of different interventions with how they fair with aspects of beneficence and autonomy.
36 Exploring the Statistical Nature of Independent Chromosome Segments
Authors: Hollifield Mary Kate , Bermann Matias , Lourenco Daniela , Misztal Ignacy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Independent chromosome segments for a population with Ne effective population size and L genome length can be approximately defined as 4NeL non-overlapping haplotypes of L/2 length derived from any Ne animals. The number of independent chromosome segments (Me) can be approximated as 4NeL. The genetic selection with a genomic relationship matrix (GRM) using such haplotypes approaches that with a GRM using the SNP markers. The objective of this study was to investigate the statistical nature of independent chromosome segments. Data were simulated using QMSim and contained a population of ten non-overlapping generations, each including 2,000 animals with Ne equal to 20, and a polygenic trait with a heritability of 0.6. The last three generations were genotyped, and each genome contained ten 1 M long chromosomes, for a total genome length of 10 M and 50,000 SNP. Chromosome segments of each animal were organized in non-overlapping haplotypes by the SNP code using in-house software written in Fortran. The effects of the hypothetical independent chromosome segments were estimated using a model that included an overall mean plus the segment effects. To analyze the behavior around Me, the number of segments chosen to estimate segment effects varied around 4NeL. Accuracies were calculated for animals in the last generation by cor (TBV, Zsŝ), where Zs ŝ is a vector of breeding values based on segments and TBV is a vector of the true breeding values outputted by QMSim. Accuracies of segment effects were compared with the true accuracy, i.e., cor (TBV,GEBV). The maximum accuracy of segment effects was 0.84, and the true accuracy was 0.96. The results suggest that 4NeL segments contain most of the additive information in the population. However, the accuracy of GBLUP is greater than that of the chromosome segment effects, suggesting that arranging chromosome segments based solely on the statistical nature is not enough to account for all the genetic variation.
42 Awardee Talk: Utilizing Genomics to Understand Skeletal and Mammary Development in Pigs
Authors: Rohrer Gary A , Wijesena Hiruni R , Keel Brittney N , Snelling Warren M , Lents Clay A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Embryonic development in mammals is strictly controlled. Yet, anomalies regularly occur within certain species. The pig is one of few species where variation in vertebra numbers frequently occurs. Domesticated lines typically have a greater number of thoracic and/or lumbar vertebra than the number of vertebrae in most mammals. Number of functional teats is also variable in swine and deviation from bilateral symmetry is common. Positive genetic correlations between these two traits have been reported and a gene variant in vertnin affects both traits. To further investigate the genetic correlation between teat counts and vertebra numbers, a genomewide association study was conducted using 5,939 genotyped animals from the USMARC population representative of commercial swine. All animals were genotyped with one of four different Illumina-based BeadChips. Genotypes were imputed for 71,634 markers using pedigrees with findhap. gEBV were estimated and marker effects backsolved using WOMBAT. The vertnin region had the greatest number and most significant associations for all traits analyzed. However, there were no other significant associations that overlapped between vertebra and teat number. Correlation among all estimated marker effects between vertebra and teat number was ~0.21. However, if estimated SNP effects for markers surrounding vertnin were removed, the correlation dropped to 0.14, while the correlation among marker effects in the vertnin region was ~0.90. Genomic heritabilities for teat and thoracic number were 0.36 and 0.78. Analyses where the GRM only included markers surrounding vertnin estimated heritabilites for teat and thoracic number of 0.05 and 0.48, indicating vertnin described a majority of genetic variation for rib number but much less for teat number. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among weight traits and vertebra number were near zero. A positive phenotypic association between teat number and birth weight existed despite a low negative genetic correlation. USDA is an equal opportunity employer.
21 Genetics and Genomic Approaches for Sustainable Dairy Cattle Improvement in Smallholder Dairy Systems
Authors: Mrode Raphael , Ekine-Dzivenu Chinyere , Ojango Julie , Okeyo Mwai 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines genetic and genomic approaches for sustainability in the dairy systems of developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where farms are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings being smaller than ten hectares. Sustainability in these systems involves addressing the global challenges of climate change while ensuring food security. Feed intake is a major trait with huge impact on both the efficiency of small holder systems and on methane emission. Improvement in feed efficiency will both mitigate the effects of climate change and reduce the cost of milk production. Body weight provides an indirect means of improving feed efficiency for body maintenance. Using daily milk yield and body weight records for 2716 cows, genomic predictions were undertaken, and a selection index for improving milk yield while restricting changes in body weight was implemented in Tanzania. However, defining broader breeding goals continue to be a challenge due to the lack of data but collection of milk components and somatic cell counts is being piloted in Tanzania and Ethiopia. Breeding for heat tolerance has been based on the rate of decline in milk yield due to changes in the temperature and humidity index (THI). An analysis of 14,367 daily milk records of 3511 dairy cows and weather records in Tanzania indicated that heat stress significantly affected daily milk production and reduced milk yield by 4.16% to 14.42% across THI groups. Reaction norms for sire EBVs along the trajectory of THI indicates that genetic variations exist which can be used to select animals that perform optimally in different environments. Also, other indicators of resilience including log-transformed variance and skewness of deviation, based on fluctuations in animals’ milk yield have been examined. Cows with less than 50% of exotic dairy genes showed significant levels higher degree of resilience.