bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Turnover Marker Profiling and Fracture Risk in Older Women: Fracture Risk from Age 75 to 90
Authors: Ivaska Kaisa K. , McGuigan Fiona E. , Malmgren Linnea , Gerdhem Paul , Johansson Helena , Kanis John A. , Akesson Kristina E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
A major challenge in osteoporosis is to identify individuals at high fracture risk. We investigated six bone turnover markers (BTMs) to determine association with specific fracture types; the time-frame for risk prediction and whether these are influenced by age at assessment.

Methods
Population-based OPRA cohort (n = 1044) was assessed at ages 75, 80, 85 and fractures documented for up to 15 years. Six BTMs were analyzed at each time-point (N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen, PINP; total osteocalcin, OC; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, BALP; C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, CTX; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, TRAcP5b; urinary osteocalcin). Hazard ratios (HR) for any, major osteoporotic, vertebral and hip fractures were calculated as short (1, 2, 3 years) and long-term risk (5, 10, 15 years).

Results
At 75 year, high CTX levels were associated with an increased risk of all fractures, including major osteoporotic fractures, across most time-frames (HRs ranging: 1.28 to 2.28). PINP was not consistently associated. Urinary osteocalcin was consistently associated with elevated short-term risk (HRs ranging: 1.83–2.72). Other BTMs were directionally in accordance, though not all statistically significant. BTMs were not predictive for hip fractures. Association of all BTMs attenuated over time; at 80 year none were associated with an increased fracture risk.

Conclusion
CTX, urinary OC and TRAcP5b are predictive for fracture in a 1 to 3 year, perspective, whereas in the long-term or above age 80 years, BTMs appear less valuable. Resorption markers, particularly CTX, were more consistently associated with fracture risk than formation markers in the very elderly.
Investigating associations between nematode infection and three measures of sociality in Asian elephants
Authors: Lynsdale Carly L. , Seltmann Martin W. , Mon Nay Oo , Aung Htoo Htoo , Nyein UKyaw , Htut Win , Lahdenperä Mirkka , Lummaa Virpi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrequent social interactions, proximity to conspecifics, and group density are main drivers of infections and parasite transmissions. However, recent theoretical and empirical studies suggest that the health benefits of sociality and group living can outweigh the costs of infection and help social individuals fight infections or increase their infection-related tolerance level. Here, we combine the advantage of studying artificially created social work groups with different demographic compositions with free-range feeding and social behaviours in semi-captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), employed in timber logging in Myanmar. We examine the link between gastro-intestinal nematode load (strongyles andStrongyloidesspp.), estimated by faecal egg counts, and three different aspects of an elephant’s social world: individual solitary behaviour, work group size, and work group sex ratio. Controlling for sex, age, origin, time since last deworming treatment, year, human sampler bias, and individual identity, we found that infection by nematodes ranged from 0 to 2720 eggs/g between and within 26 male and 45 female elephants over the 4-year study period. However, such variation was not linked to any investigated measures of sociality in either males or females. Our findings highlight the need for finer-scale studies, establishing how sociality is limited by, mitigates, or protects against infection in different ecological contexts, to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these pathways.Significance statementBeing social involves not only benefits, such as improved health, but also costs, including increased risk of parasitism and infectious disease. We studied the relationship between and three different sociality measures—solitary behaviour, group size, and the proportion of females to males within a group—and infection by gut nematodes (roundworms), using a unique study system of semi-captive working Asian elephants. Our system allows for observing how infection is linked to sociality measures across different social frameworks. We found that none of our social measures was associated with nematode infection in the studied elephants. Our results therefore suggest that here infection is not a large cost to group living, that it can be alleviated by the benefits of increased sociality, or that there are weak infection–sociality associations present which could not be captured and thus require finer-scale measures than those studied here. Overall, more studies are needed from a diverse range of systems that investigate specific aspects of social infection dynamics.
Augmented Reality-Assisted CT-Guided Puncture: A Phantom Study
Authors: Van den Bosch Vincent , Salim Hizirwan Shukri , Chen Njin-Zu , Stroosma Otto , Bruners Philipp , Kuhl Christiane K. , Pedersoli Federico , Isfort Peter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the feasibility of a novel augmented reality system for CT-guided liver interventions and to compare it with free-hand interventions in a phantom setting.

Methods and materials
A newly developed augmented reality interface was used, with projection of CT-imaging in multiplanar reconstruction and live rendering of the needle position, a bull`s eye view of the needle trajectory and a visualization of the distance to the target. Punctures were performed on a custom-made abdominal phantom by three interventional radiologists with different levels of expertise. Time and needle placement accuracy were measured. Two-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test (p < 0.05) was performed to evaluate intraparticipant difference.

Results
Intraparticipant puncture times were significantly shorter for each operator in the augmented reality condition (< 0.001 for the resident, < 0.001 for the junior staff member and 0.027 for the senior staff member). The junior staff member had an improvement in accuracy of 1 mm using augmented reality (p 0.026); the other two participants showed no significant improvement regarding accuracy.

Conclusion
In this small series, it appears that the novel augmented reality system may improve the speed of CT-guided punctures in the phantom model compared to the free-hand procedure while maintaining a similar accuracy.
Normal and unusual days for dietary intake during the 12 months after a breast cancer diagnosis in women
Authors: Brunvoll Sonja H. , Flote Vidar G. , Halset Eline H. , Bertheussen Gro F. , Skjerven Helle , Lømo Jon , Thune Inger , Hjartåker Anette 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
There are several reasons to report days as being unusual with regard to dietary intake, including special occasions and celebrations. For breast cancer patients during the 12 month post-surgery period, unusual days may also include days that are affected by being a cancer patient. The aim of this study was to study dietary intake on “normal” and “unusual” days, and to study what is reported in “free text fields” of a food diary.

Methods
Women (n = 456), mean age 55.5 years newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (stage I/II) were included in this clinical study. “Normal” and “unusual” days in general, over time and during the week and weekends were studied using repeated administration of a 7-day pre-coded food diary.

Results
The breast cancer patients reported 26% of all days as unusual. The intake of energy, most nutrients, especially alcohol and sugar, red and processed meat, and sweets, cakes, and snacks was 5–126% higher, whereas intake of fiber, fruit and berries, vegetables, and dairy products was 7–17% lower on unusual than on normal days (P < 0.001). The same pattern was seen for normal/unusual days during the weekdays, weekends and over time. Finally, 99% of the breast cancer patients used the free text fields to report additional intake with a mean energy of 1.1 MJ/day.

Conclusion
For breast cancer patients during the 12-month post-surgery period, unusual days are important drivers of total intake, especially for alcohol. The free text fields in the pre-coded food diary contributed substantially to the total intake.
Isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder: current diagnostic procedures and emerging new technologies
Authors: Bramich Samantha , King Anna , Kuruvilla Maneesh , Naismith Sharon L. , Noyce Alastair , Alty Jane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIsolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is characterised by dream enactment behaviours, such as kicking and punching while asleep, and vivid/violent dreams. It is now acknowledged as a prodromal phase of neurodegenerative disease—approximately 80% of people with iRBD will develop dementia with Lewy Bodies, Parkinson’s disease or another degenerative brain disease within 10 years. It is important that neurologists and other clinicians understand how to make an early accurate diagnosis of iRBD so that affected people can have the opportunity to take part in clinical trials. However, making a diagnosis can be clinically challenging due to a variety of reasons, including delayed referral, symptom overlap with other disorders, and uncertainty about how to confirm a diagnosis. Several methods of assessment are available, such as clinical interview, screening questionnaires and video polysomnography or ‘sleep study’. This review aims to support clinical neurologists in assessing people who present with symptoms suggestive of iRBD. We describe the usefulness and limitations of each diagnostic method currently available in clinical practice, and present recent research on the utility of new wearable technologies to assist with iRBD diagnosis, which may offer a more practical assessment method for clinicians. This review highlights the importance of thorough clinical investigation when patients present with suspected iRBD and emphasises the need for easier access to diagnostic procedures for accurate and early diagnosis.
Young children with a minor traumatic head injury: clinical observation or CT scan?
Authors: Niele Nicky , Plötz Frans B. , Tromp Ellen , Boersma Bart , Biezeveld Maarten , Douma Matthijs , Heitink Katja , Tusscher Gavin ten , van Goudoever Hans B. , van Houten Marlies A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Currently, in young children with minor traumatic head injuries (MTHI) classified as intermediate risk (IR), PECARN recommends clinical observation over computer tomography (CT) scan depending on provider comfort, although both options being possible. In this study, we describe clinicians’ choice and which factors were associated with this decision. This was a planned sub-study of a prospective multicenter observational study that enrolled 1006 children younger than 18 years with MTHI who presented to six emergency departments in The Netherlands. Of those, 280 children classified as IR group fulfilling one or more minor criteria, leaving the clinician with the choice between clinical observation and a CT scan. In our cohort, 228/280 (81%) children were admitted for clinical observation, 15/280 (5.4%) received a CT scan, 6/280 (2.1%) received a CT scan and were admitted for observation, and 31/280 (11%) children were discharged from the emergency department without any intervention. Three objective factors were associated with a CT scan, namely age above 2 years, the presence of any loss of consciousness (LOC), and presentation on weekend days.Conclusion: In children with MTHI in an IR group, clinicians prefer clinical observation above performing a CT scan. Older age, day of presentation, and any loss of consciousness are factors associated with a CT scan.

What is Known:• Clinical decision rules have been developed in the management of children of different risk groups with minor traumatic head injury (MTHI).• According to the Dutch national, clinical decision rules in children under 6 years of age up to 50% of children classify as intermediate risk (IR) and clinicians may choose between clinical observation and computed tomography (CT).

What is New:• In this IR group, clinical observation is chosen in 81% children with MTHI.• In the subgroup where clinicians performed a CT scan, children were older and presented more frequently on a weekend day, and more frequently consciousness was lost.
Bone-specific response according to MDA criteria predicts immunotherapy efficacy among advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients
Authors: De Giglio Andrea , Deiana Chiara , Di Federico Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The presence of bone metastasis at baseline has been associated with dismal prognosis under immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria may be limited for bone-specific response evaluation. Whether their assessment through MD Anderson (MDA) criteria predict immunotherapy efficacy is unknown.

Materials and methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective study to assess the use of MDA criteria in evaluating bone metastasis in NSCLC treated with immunotherapy. Radiological imaging were reviewed to classify bone lesions as osteolytic, osteoblastic, or mixed. Bone response to treatment data was classified according to MDA criteria.

Results
222 patients received single-agent immunotherapy. The presence of bone metastasis increased the risk of death both in the univariate (HR: 1.46, 95% CI, 1.05–2.03, p = 0.024) and in the multivariate model (HR: 1.61, 95% CI, 1.10–2.36, p = 0.015). According to MDA criteria, 57.3% of patients had progressive disease as best response, 29.5% stable disease, 11.4% partial response and 1.6% complete response. Bone-specific objective response was associated with a significantly increased median overall survival (11.3 vs. 3.1 months, p = 0.027) and longer median progression-free survival (6 vs. 2.1 months, p = 0.056). The median time to bone failure (TBF) was 2.4 months (IQR, 1.67–3.0). In 25.7% of cases, TBF was shorter than progression-free survival according to RECIST 1.1 criteria. TBF was positively correlated with overall survival (HR = 0.73, p = 0.00019).

Conclusions
MDA criteria represent a reliable tool in assessing bone-specific response, offering a more accurate evaluation with the aim to earlier predict survival outcomes or treatment failure compared to RECIST criteria for advanced NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.
Connected Reconfiguration of Lattice-Based Cellular Structures by Finite-Memory Robots
Authors: Fekete Sándor P. , Niehs Eike , Scheffer Christian , Schmidt Arne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe provide algorithmic methods for connected reconfiguration of lattice-based cellular structures by finite-state robots, motivated by large-scale constructions in space. We present algorithms that are able to detect and reconfigure arbitrary polyominoes, while also preserving connectivity of a structure during reconfiguration; we also provide mathematical proofs and performance guarantees. Specific results include methods for determining a bounding box, scaling a given arrangement, and adapting more general algorithms for transforming polyominoes.
New insights into the structural development and shortening of the southern Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex (Rügen, Germany) based on balanced cross sections
Authors: Gehrmann Anna , Pedersen Stig A. Schack , Meschede Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLate Pleistocene glacitectonism at the southern Scandinavian Ice Sheet margin caused folding and thrusting of Upper Cretaceous chalk layers and Pleistocene glacial deposits in parts of the southwestern Baltic Sea area in Europe. Beside Møns Klint (SE Denmark), the Jasmund Glacitectonic Complex (JGC) on Rügen Island (NE Germany) is a similar striking example of glacitectonic deformation creating large composite ridges. In spite of a long research history and new results from modern datasets, the structural development of the JGC is still poorly understood, especially the detailed evolution of the southern JGC and its relationship to the northern JGC remain enigmatic. In this contribution, we demonstrate how the understanding of the JGC benefits from the application of established structural geological methods comprehending the formation of fold-and-thrust belts. The methods include cross-section balancing of the eastern coast (southern JGC) and quantification of the amount of folding and faulting. The proposed geometric model shows the current fold-and-thrust stack of glacially deformed sedimentary strata ca. 5720 m in length evolved by shortening from the original length (11,230 m) by 5510 m (49.1%). We present a spatial and temporal development of fault-related folding with a transition from detachment folds through fault-propagation folds to fault-bend folds. Together with morphological information from a digital elevation model, the thrust faults mapped in the cliff section are mainly inclined towards the S to SW and imply that a local glacier push occurred from the south. These results highlight the complexity and individual architecture of the JGC when compared to other Pleistocene and modern glacitectonic complexes. Resolving its structural development provides new insight into the deformation history and shortening of this spectacular glacitectonic complex lying in the southwestern Baltic Sea region.
The large deviation behavior of lacunary sums
Authors: Frühwirth Lorenz , Juhos Michael , Prochno Joscha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the large deviation behavior of lacunary sums$$(S_n/n)_{n\in {\mathbb {N}}}$$(Sn/n)n∈Nwith$$S_n:= \sum _{k=1}^nf(a_kU)$$Sn:=∑k=1nf(akU),$$n\in {\mathbb {N}}$$n∈N, whereUis uniformly distributed on [0, 1],$$(a_k)_{k\in {\mathbb {N}}}$$(ak)k∈Nis an Hadamard gap sequence, and$$f:{\mathbb {R}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$f:R→Ris a 1-periodic, (Lipschitz-)continuous mapping. In the case of large gaps, we show that the normalized partial sums satisfy a large deviation principle at speednand with a good rate function which is the same as in the case of independent and identically distributed random variables$$U_k$$Uk,$$k\in {\mathbb {N}}$$k∈N, having uniform distribution on [0, 1]. When the lacunary sequence$$(a_k)_{k\in {\mathbb {N}}}$$(ak)k∈Nis a geometric progression, then we also obtain large deviation principles at speedn, but with a good rate function that is different from the independent case, its form depending in a subtle way on the interplay between the functionfand the arithmetic properties of the gap sequence. Our work generalizes some results recently obtained by Aistleitner, Gantert, Kabluchko, Prochno, and Ramanan [Large deviation principles for lacunary sums, preprint, 2020] who initiated this line of research for the case of lacunarytrigonometricsums.
Developmental signs of ADHD and autism: a prospective investigation in 3623 children
Authors: Cervin Matti 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with an early onset. Guidelines recommend a careful evaluation of developmental history when assessing the disorders, but it is unclear how children with ADHD and ASD differ from their peers growing up. In this study, physical, family, psychological, social, and educational information were examined in 3623 ethnically diverse children that were prospectively followed from birth to age 15 as part of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Fifteen-thousand variables were screened, and 506 variables included in the final analyses. Accuracy of the most indicative information to predict ADHD and ASD diagnoses in adolescence was evaluated. Adolescents with ADHD (n = 627) and ASD (n = 91) differed from their peers on a plethora of developmental signs, with signs closely related to the core symptoms of the disorders after age 5 being most indicative of the disorders. Predictive models correctly identified 66% of individuals with ADHD and 81% of those with ASD, but 62–88% of identified cases were false positives. The mean proportion of developmental deviations was 18.7% in the ADHD group, 20.0% in the ASD group, and 15.6% in peers; youth with both ADHD and ASD (n = 50) deviated on 21.8% of all developmental signs and had more pronounced deviations than those with ADHD or ASD alone. ADHD and ASD are characterized by broad and non-specific developmental deviations. Developmental information alone cannot be used to accurately predict diagnostic status in adolescence and false positives are likely if the diagnostic process relies heavily on such information. Developmental deviations are part of normal development and common in children without ADHD and ASD. Etiological heterogeneity and considerable temporal fluctuation in the core characteristics of ADHD and ASD may explain the lack of distinct developmental patterns.
Globalization of Nonlinear FETI-DP Domain Decomposition Methods Using an SQP Approach
Authors: Köhler Stephan , Rheinbach Oliver 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe globalization of Nonlinear FETI-DP (Dual Primal Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting) methods is considered using a Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) approach. Nonlinear FETI-DP methods are parallel iterative solution methods for nonlinear finite element problems, based on divide and conquer, using Lagrange multipliers. In these methods, nonlinear elimination is an important ingredient to increase the convergence radius of Newton’s method. We prove standard globalization results for SQP-based globalization of Nonlinear FETI-DP, first for the case that the elimination set is empty. We then show how to combine nonlinear elimination and SQP-based globalization. The globalization preserves the block structure of the FETI-DP operator, which is the basis of the computational parallelism.Supporting numerical experiments using homogenous and heterogeneous model problems from nonlinear structural mechanics are provided. In the numerical experiments, we consider four standard choices of different elimination sets and different problem setups including stiff or almost incompressible inclusions in every subdomain. The numerical experiments illustrate that a good elimination set is important. However, the use of the SQP-based globalization approach presented here can improve the convergence of Nonlinear FETI-DP methods further, especially, if combined with a good choice of the elimination set.
Dezemberfieber senken: Vermeidung von verschwenderischen Jahresendausgaben
Authors: Siemroth Christoph 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungIm öffentlichen Sektor laufen die Finanzmittel zum Jahresende aus, sodass die Verantwortlichen einen starken Anreiz haben, die verbleibenden Mittel kurz vor Ablauf der Frist ineffizient auszugeben. Die Arten von Ineffizienzen dieses Verhaltens, seine Ursachen und dessen Ausmaß werden erörtert sowie eine Lösung vorgeschlagen: Es sollte möglich sein, ungenutzte Mittel teilweise auf das nächste Jahr zu übertragen, wodurch Anreize geschaffen werden, am Jahresende nicht alles zu verschwenden. Der Teil, der nicht übertragen wird, kann zur Unterstützung unterfinanzierter Bereiche verwendet werden.
Mehr Mut zu grüner Geldpolitik
Authors: Schrooten Mechthild 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMonetary policy currently has only limited room for manoeuvre to fight inflation. Structural supply problems, war and past omissions are having an impact. Inflation is hitting those hardest who cannot pass on the price increase. There is no evidence of a wage-price spiral in Germany at present. Raising the key interest rates now will not lead directly to a reduction in inflation. However, combining monetary policy with social and climate policy goals has great potential. It is a matter of having the courage to pursue a green monetary policy.