bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective and perceived measures of tobacco marketing are uniquely associated with cigar use
Authors: Kowitt Sarah D , Finan Laura J , Lipperman-Kreda Sharon 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundFew studies have examined associations between perceived and objective exposure to tobacco marketing and cigar use, which is the second most commonly used tobacco product by youth.MethodsWe used Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment data over 14 days from youth aged 16–20 years (n=83 participants, n=948 observations; 34% past month users of any tobacco product) in eight city areas in California. Tobacco outlets in study cities were visited by trained observers to record outlet Global Positioning System (GPS) point locations and outdoor tobacco marketing. We assessed daily perceived exposure to tobacco marketing within participants’ activity spaces; daily objective exposure to tobacco outlets with outdoor marketing within 50 m of activity space polylines (number of outlets and time spent near outlets) and daily cigar use excluding and including blunts.ResultsControlling for demographics and baseline tobacco use, results from mixed logistic regression models showed that greater perceived exposure to tobacco marketing was positively associated with higher odds of cigar use each day, excluding blunts (adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 2.00; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.87) and including blunts (aOR: 1.87; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.77). Also, exposure to a greater number of tobacco outlets with outdoor marketing was associated with higher odds of cigar use each day, excluding blunts (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.78), but not including blunts.ConclusionsTobacco control efforts should consider both perceived and objective exposure to tobacco marketing and unique associations with blunt use to prevent cigar use.
The rapid expansion of Populus tremuloides due to anthropogenic disturbances in eastern Canada
Authors: Marchais Mathilde , Arseneault Dominique , Bergeron Yves 
Published: July 2022

In the context of global changes, the future dynamics of trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) are uncertain in the middle of its range. An increase in climate-related mortality could occur, but the modification of disturbance regimes could also favor its expansion. In this study, we document trembling aspen dynamics over 40 years at the scale of a boreal forest landscape (10 930 km²), as well as the role of disturbances in these dynamics. The results indicate that trembling aspen has experienced a substantial expansion over the last four decades (+102% occurrence), particularly between 1987 and 1997 (+70.9% occurrence). Nevertheless, these dynamics vary both spatially and temporally, with for example a phase of weak decline since 1997 (−5.9% occurrence). Anthropogenic disturbances, particularly clear-cutting, have played a major role in the expansion of trembling aspen. This expansion could influence the response of ecosystems to climate change, by modifying both fire and insect outbreak activities.
Changes in the microbiome and associated host tissue structure in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) following exposure to polystyrene microparticles
Authors: Ferguson Laura V. , Hewins Ben , Harding Wesley , MacDonald Erin , Gibson Glenys 
Published: July 2022

Marine life is increasingly exposed to microplastics, which can be ingested and disrupt the relationship between host tissues and their microbiomes. We investigated the effects of microplastics (5 µm polystyrene beads) on the microbial community and host tissue structure in organs at high risk of exposure (digestive gland and gills) in blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758). We exposed mussels to concentrations of microplastic consistent with levels found in local coastal waters. High exposures (1000 particles per m3 per mussel) decreased the alpha and beta diversity in the microbiome of the digestive gland, with an increase in relative abundance of Polaribacter and a decrease in other species in the Flavobacteriaceae. Both low (10 particles per m3 per mussel) and high exposures to polystyrene also changed tissue structure in the hosts, with an increase in immune cells (hemocytes) and reactive lysosomes in the gills, and in the digestive gland, a loss of cell specialization in digestive cells and an increase in cell breakdown products. Thus, exposure to particles of polystyrene in concentrations consistent with levels detected in local coastal zones reduces microbial biodiversity of the digestive gland and disrupts host tissues, which may indicate a loss of the host–symbiont interactions that support tissue homeostasis.
Sensitivity of direct detection experiments to neutrino dark radiation from dark matter decay and a modified neutrino-floor
Authors: Nikolic Marco , Kulkarni Suchita , Pradler Josef 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work we analyse the ultimate sensitivity of dark matter direct detection experiments to dark radiation in form of SM or semi-sterile neutrinos. This flux-component is assumed to be produced from dark matter decay. Since dark radiation may mimic dark matter signals, we perform our analysis based on likelihood statistics that allows to test the distinguishability between signals and backgrounds. Given the previous bounds from neutrino experiments, we find that xenon-based dark matter searches will not be able to probe new regions of the dark matter progenitor mass and lifetime parameter space when the decay products are SM neutrinos. In turn, if the decay instead happens to a fourth neutrino species with enhanced interactions to baryons, DR can either constitute the dominant background or a discoverable signal in direct detection experiments. In the former case, this lifts the “neutrino floor” for xenon-based experiments.
Extend Bekenstein’s theorem to Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theories with a scalar potential
Authors: Qiu Jianhui , Gao Changjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Bekenstein’s theorem allows us to generate an Einstein-conformal scalar solution from a single Einstein-ordinary scalar solution. In this article, we extend this theorem to the Einstein–Maxwell-scalar (EMS) theory with a non-minimal coupling between the scalar and Maxwell field when a scalar potential is also included. As applications of this extended theorem, the well-known static dilaton solution and rotating solution with a specific coupling between dilaton and Maxwell field are considered, and new conformal dilaton black hole solutions are found. The Noether charges, such as mass, electric charge, and angular momentum, are compared between the old and new black hole solutions connected by conformal transformations, and they are found conformally invariant. We speculate that the theorem may be useful in the computations of metric perturbations and spontaneous scalarization of black holes in the Einstein–Maxwell-conformal-scalar theory since they can be mapped to the corresponding EMS theories, which have been investigated in detail.
Curvature estimates for the continuity method
Authors: Wondo Hosea 
Published: July 2022

We obtain curvature estimates for long-time solutions of the continuity method on compact Kähler manifolds with semi-ample canonical line bundles. In this setting, initiated in [G. La Nave and G. Tian, A continuity method to construct canonical metrics, Math. Ann. 365(3) (2016) 911–921; Y. A. Rubinstein, Some discretizations of geometric evolution equations and the Ricci iteration on the space of Kähler metrics, Adv. Math. 218(5) (2008) 1526–1565], we adapt arguments from [F. T.-H. Fong and Y. Zhang, Local curvature estimates of long-time solutions to the Kähler–Ricci flow, Adv. Math. 375 (2020) 107416] for the Kähler–Ricci flow to this setup. As an application, we derive curvature bounds for general metrics on product manifolds.
Comparison of Needle-Warming Moxibustion and Other Physical Therapies for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Juan , Liang Chongnan , Zeng Fanguang , Fan Liang , Zhuang Jingqing 
Published: July 2022

Background. Needle-warming moxibustion (NWM) demonstrates a controversial effect on lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This study is aimed at comparing the efficacy of NWM and conventional acupuncture or other physical therapies on LDH through a meta-analysis. Methods. Potentially eligible literatures were retrieved and screened from electronic databases. The subject of the literature was a comparison of NWM and conventional acupuncture or other physical therapies for LDH. The methodological quality was evaluated by the Jadad scale. The chi-square test was used for the heterogeneity test. Subgroup analysis was used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Risk ratio (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to describe the effect size. The publication bias was evaluated by Egger’s test. Results. The effective rate of NWM in the treatment of LDH was significantly higher than that of conventional acupuncture (

RR
=
1.27
,
95
%
CI

1.18
,
1.36

,
P
<
0.00001

) and lumbar traction (

RR
=
1.12
,
95
%
CI

1.06
,
1.18

,
P
<
0.0001

) There was no significant difference in the effective rate between NWM and electric acupuncture for LDH (

RR
=
1.06
,
95
%
CI

0.98
,
1.14

,
P
=
0.17

). VAS of LDH patients treated with NWM was lower than conventional acupuncture (

MD
=
−
1.51
,
95
%
CI

−
1.70

,

−

1.31

,
P
<
0.00001

) and lumbar traction (

MD
=
−
2.64
,
95
%
CI

−
2.79

,

−

2.49

,
P
<
0.00001

) but statistically insignificant with electric acupuncture (

MD
=
−
0.31
,
95
%
CI

−
0.72
,
0.09

,
P
=
0.13

). JOA scores of LDH patients treated with NWM were higher than those with conventional acupuncture (

MD
=
2.24
,
95
%
CI

1.04
,
3.45

,
P
=
0.0003

) and lumbar traction (

MD
=
10.76
,
95
%
CI

10.45
,
11.07

,
P
<
0.00001

) but statistically insignificant with electric acupuncture (

MD
=
0.25
,
95
%
CI

−
0.95
,
1.45

,
P
=
0.69

). The long-term effective rate of NWM on LDH was higher than that of conventional acupuncture (

MD
=
3.13
,
95
%
CI

2.12
,
4.61

,
P
<
0.00001

). In this study, no heterogeneity (

P
>
0.10
,

I

2

<
50
%

) and publication bias (

P
>
0.05

) among the literature were noted. Conclusion. The effect of NWM on LDH was superior to traction therapy and conventional acupuncture therapy, but similar to electric acupuncture for LDH. High-quality randomized controlled trials were still needed to confirm the results.
A New Method to Calculate the Relative Permeability of Oil and Water in Tight Oil Reservoirs by Considering the Nonlinear Flow
Authors: Su Haibo , Wang Duocai , Zhang Ping , An Yongsheng , Fu Yaping , Lu Jun , Huang Famu , Zhang Hong , Ren Zhongxing , Li Zhuo 
Published: July 2022

The theoretical research on the percolation mechanism and oil-water relative permeability of low-permeability oil reservoirs is the focus and hotspot of international researchers. Oil-water relative permeability is an important parameter that describes the characteristics of oil-water two-phase flow and is widely used in the dynamic analysis of development and numerical simulation technology in the reservoir. The traditional calculation method of oil-water relative permeability (i.e., the JBN method) is based on the Darcy flow law. When the velocity and the displacement pressure gradient do not follow the linear flow law, there are some errors in the results of oil-water relative permeability calculated by the JBN method. In this paper, the traditional JBN method is improved, and we establish a new processing method of experimental data for oil-water relative permeability considering the effects of nonlinear flow, capillary pressure, and gravity in tight oil reservoirs. The experiments on the flow characteristics of single-phase oil and oil-water relative permeability under nonsteady-state conditions were carried out. The flow velocity and displacement pressure gradient show nonlinear characteristics when single-phase oil is passed through a tight core. At the same time, when the air permeability decreases from

1.92
×

10

−
3

μ

m

2

to

0.1
×

10

−
3

μ

m

2

, the nonlinear characteristics are becoming more and more obvious. Compared with the traditional JBN method, when the nonlinear flow characteristics are considered, the oil phase relative permeability increases, and the water phase relative permeability is slightly lower. If nonlinear flow characteristics are considered, when the water saturation increases from 0.605 to 0.699, the difference of oil phase relative permeability calculated by the JBN method and this method is gradually decreasing and, with the increase of water saturation, decreases from 0.0029 to 0.0001. In addition, the effects of capillary pressure, gravity, and the nonlinear flow coefficient on the oil-water relative permeability in tight oil reservoirs are studied. The capillary pressure also has a great influence on the relative permeability of the oil phase, and the relative permeability of the oil phase increases with the increase in capillary pressure. In the development process of the low-permeability reservoir, the seepage characteristics of each flow area are different, and the oil-water relative permeability is also different. Therefore, the research results play an important role in guiding the understanding of seepage characteristics of low permeability of tight oil reservoirs.
Suppression of Chromosome Instability Limits Acquired Drug Resistance
Authors: Crowley Elizabeth A. , Hermance Nicole M. , Herlihy Conor P. , Manning Amity L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Numerical chromosome instability, or nCIN, defined as the high frequency of whole chromosome gains and losses, is prevalent in many solid tumors. nCIN has been shown to promote intratumor heterogeneity and corresponds with tumor aggressiveness, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. Although increased nCIN has been shown to promote the acquisition of genomic changes responsible for drug resistance, the potential to modulate nCIN in a therapeutic manner has not been well explored. Here we assess the role of nCIN in the acquisition of drug resistance in non–small cell lung cancer. We show that the generation of whole chromosome segregation errors in non–small cell lung cancer cells is sensitive to manipulation of microtubule dynamics and that enhancement of chromosome cohesion strongly suppresses nCIN and reduces intratumor heterogeneity. We demonstrate that suppression of nCIN has no impact on non–small cell lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro nor in tumor initiation in mouse xenograft models. However, suppression of nCIN alters the timing and molecular mechanisms that drive acquired drug resistance. These findings suggest mechanisms to suppress nCIN may serve as effective cotherapies to limit tumor evolution and sustain drug response.
Labour Dynamics in Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises (SME s)
Authors: Gukurume Simbarashe , Matsika Fiona Tafadzwa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Over the past few years, China–Africa engagements have intensified, manifesting in an escalation of Chinese small-scale entrepreneurs investing in African countries. Nevertheless, there is little research on everyday workplace encounters, management styles and labour dynamics in these businesses. This study fills this lacuna by examining labour and management practices in Chinese-owned SME s in Zimbabwe, and how local employees experience and perceive Chinese management styles and practices. We employed an ethnographic qualitative methodology, conducting interviews and informal conversations. Secondary data came from newspaper and civil society reports. The findings revealed that workplace regimes in Chinese SME s are complex and ambivalent, marked by precariousness, conflict, contestation and conviviality. The findings also highlighted meagre salaries, job insecurity, long working hours and unfair dismissals. We argue that the socio-spatial context of work in Chinese SME s in Zimbabwe is imbued with complex power dynamics driven by divergent cultural interpretations of work and being a worker.
A Review of the Political Economy of South African Land Reform and Its Contested Multifaceted Land Questions
Authors: Xaba Mzingaye Brilliant 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
South African land matters today emanate from the past racially based land dispossession of black communities, which furthered white settler capitalism. Post-apartheid regimes have developed many policies to reverse this legacy, but with little effect. Political parties have blamed the Constitution for the slow pace of land reform, arguing for the need to amend it to clarify ‘expropriation without compensation’. Based on a broad literature review, this article suggests some political, economic and social lessons for South Africa’s land reform. It aims to understand how other countries have dealt with land acquisition for land reform and urban housing development projects, the post-acquisition stage and the reasons for failure and success of some land reforms. This article calls for an alignment of land stakeholders, inclusion of urban land in land reform policies and increasing the powers of provincial officers to improve support for beneficiaries and the subdivision of large farms.
DNA barcoding, phylogeny and phylogeography of the cyst nematode species of the Humuli group from the genus Heterodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Roubtsova Tatiana V. , Bostock Richard M. , Tanha Maafi Zahra , Chizhov Vladimir N. 
Published: July 2022

Summary
The Humuli group of the genus Heterodera contains species that parasitise dicotyledons and are characterised by a lemon-shaped cyst having a bifenestrate vulval cone (ambifenestrate for H. fici), long vulval slit and weak underbridge. Presently, the Humuli group includes seven species: H. amaranthusiae, H. fici, H. humuli, H. litoralis, H. ripae, H. turcomanica and H. vallicola. In this study we provided comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of COI and ITS rRNA gene sequences of species from the Humuli group using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum and statistical parsimony. All seven valid species from the Humuli group, one putatively new species belonging to this group and the willow cyst nematode, H. salixophila, sharing a common ancestor with the Humuli group, were analysed. Some 84 COI and 5 ITS rRNA new gene sequences from 37 nematode populations collected from 12 countries were obtained in this study. Our results confirmed that the COI gene is a powerful DNA barcoding marker for identification of populations and species from the Humuli group. Based on the results of phylogeographical analysis and age estimation of clades with a molecular clock approach, it was hypothesised that some species of the Humuli group primarily originated and diversified in Western and Middle Asian regions during the Pleistocene and Holocene periods and then dispersed from this region across the world. Two secondary diversification centres of the Humuli group were likely located in East and Southeast Asia, Russian Far East, and Oceania.
Ficophagus giblindavisi n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of Ficus variegata in China
Authors: Zhao Chen , Zhang Dayuan , Zhao Xiulan , Zeng Wensheng , Zeng Yongsan , Roberts Joseph A. 
Published: July 2022

Summary
A new species of the genus Ficophagus was recovered from the syconia of Ficus variegata from Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China. It is described herein as Ficophagus giblindavisi n. sp. and is characterised by possessing the longest stylet in males (35.1-45.8 μm) and most lateral incisures (5) of all currently described species in the genus, a short PUS (8.4-11.4 μm or 0.3 VBD long), excretory pore situated at or posterior to the nerve ring, amoeboid sperm, three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail, rounded male tail tip with a mucron, absence of gubernaculum and sickle-shaped spicules with a terminal cucullus. Ficophagus giblindavisi n. sp. was differentiated from other sequenced species by the partial small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis with the LSU D2-D3 expansion segment sequence suggested that F. giblindavisi n. sp. is clustered in the same highly supported monophyletic clade with F. auriculatae and F. fleckeri.
Witnessing the Uninhabitable Place: On the Experience and Testimony of Refugees
Authors: van der Heiden Gert-Jan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Symptomatic of the crisis of the current global political order are the millions of displaced that have fled their homes but are not allowed to enter the country in which they seek refuge. Instead, they are placed in camps. To understand the site of the camp and the bare life it produces, testimonies of refugees are indispensable. This essay aims to examine and listen to these testimonies by, first, introducing the notion of testimony and some of the characteristics of the testimony of refugees; second, examining what it means to listen to testimony and which role is played therein by the narrative, literary structure of testimony; and, third, by interpreting the form of life to which the testimonies of the camp attest, which several witnesses describe as a life in “limbo.” This essay concludes with some brief remarks on the relation between experience, truth, and language in testimony.
Golden Jewellery of the Vodoslavka Scythian Burial-Ground of the Second and Third Quarters of the 4th Century BC
Authors: Daragan Marina , Polin Sergey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Scythian barrows investigated near Vodoslavka in the Sivash region form a tribal burial-ground for one of the groups of the steppe population dating from the second and third quarters of the 4th century BC. In several barrows of this Scythian burial-ground, which contained burials of representatives of the local élite, a spectacular and most unusual set of gold items was discovered. These items served as decorations on the clothes and headdresses of the men and women buried there. The comparison of materials from Vodoslavka with finds from other élite Scythian kurgans of that time allowed the identification of a group of barrows, in which identical series of plaques and other decorative elements for clothing and headwear were found, including those made using one and the same matrix. The presence of gold in the Scythian burials could be regarded as an unmistakable marker of the high position within their community which the deceased had enjoyed. The specific range of categories of artistic objects made of gold, or decorated with gold, is assumed to have been different for men and women. This includes headdresses, torques and necklaces, rings, decorations for garments, vessels and so on: the combination of such items characterized the place of a specific individual in society. The female burials, which are similar in many respects, not only reflect the centres of power dominated by certain Scythian clans, but also demonstrate the existence of the shared hierarchical system of those clans, based in places far apart but all within the single territorial entity that was Scythia. The selection of images on the plaques of female headwear is worth noticing as well. It includes various mythical beasts: dragons, various types of griffins and sphinxes. Their depiction is virtually obligatory. All this clearly emphasises the specific status of the buried women and illustrates yet unknown themes of Scythian mythology and ideology.