bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory properties of polysaccharopeptide derived from Coriolus versicolor and its combined effect with ciclosporin on the homeostasis of human lymphocytes
Authors: Lee Cheuk-Lun , Jiang Pingping , Sit Wai-Hung , Yang Xiatong , Wan Jennifer Man-Fan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Lymphocyte homoeostasis is essential in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In search of natural fungal metabolites with effects on lymphocyte homoeostasis, we recently reported that polysaccharopeptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor exhibited ciclosporin-like activity in controlling aberrant lymphocyte activation. This object of this study was to investigate its effect on lymphocyte homoeostasis. This was done by investigating the mechanistic actions of PSP in relation to ciclosporin by performing cell cycle and cell death analysis of human lymphocytes in vitro.

Methods
We investigated the effect of PSP in the presence and absence of ciclosporin on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell death, immunophenotype and cell cycle regulatory proteins in human lymphocytes.

Key findings
The data showed that PSP exhibited homoeostatic activity by promoting and inhibiting the proliferation of resting and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes, respectively. PHA-stimulated lymphocytes exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by a reduction of cyclin E expression with PSP treatment. Both PSP and ciclosporin blocked the reduction of the CD4/CD8 ratio in stimulated lymphocytes. PSP did not induce cell death in human lymphocytes, but the suppression of the Fasreceptor suggested a protective role of PSP against extrinsic cell death signals. These homoeostatic effects were more potent with combined PSP and ciclosporin treatment than with either fungal metabolite alone.

Conclusions
Collectively, the results reveal certain novel effects of PSP in lymphocyte homoeostasis and suggest potential as a specific immunomodulatory adjuvant for clinical applications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Imaging of the Lymphatic Vessels for Surgical Planning: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Heumen Saskia , Riksen Jonas J. M. , Bramer Wichor M. , van Soest Gijs , Vasilic Dalibor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSecondary lymphedema is a common complication after surgical or radiotherapeutic cancer treatment. (Micro) surgical intervention such as lymphovenous bypass and vascularized lymph node transfer is a possible solution in patients who are refractory to conventional treatment. Adequate imaging is needed to identify functional lymphatic vessels and nearby veins for surgical planning.MethodsA systematic literature search of the Embase, MEDLINE ALL via Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Trials databases was conducted in February 2022. Studies reporting on lymphatic vessel detection in healthy subjects or secondary lymphedema of the limbs or head and neck were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 129 lymphatic vessel imaging studies were included, and six imaging modalities were identified. The aim of the studies was diagnosis, severity staging, and/or surgical planning.ConclusionDue to its utility in surgical planning, near-infrared fluorescence lymphangiography (NIRF-L) has gained prominence in recent years relative to lymphoscintigraphy, the current gold standard for diagnosis and severity staging. Magnetic resonance lymphography (MRL) gives three-dimensional detailed information on the location of both lymphatic vessels and veins and the extent of fat hypertrophy; however, MRL is less practical for routine presurgical implementation due to its limited availability and high cost. High frequency ultrasound imaging can provide high resolution imaging of lymphatic vessels but is highly operator-dependent and accurate identification of lymphatic vessels is difficult. Finally, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel technique for visualization of functional lymphatic vessels and veins. More evidence is needed to evaluate the utility of PAI in surgical planning.
Physical Activity and Risk of Frailty in U.S. Women 60 Yr and Older
Authors: FUNG TERESA T. , LEE I-MIN , STRUIJK ELLEN , ARTALEJO FERNANDO RODRIGUEZ , WILLETT WALTER C. , LOPEZ-GARCIA ESTHER 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Several studies have shown a lower risk of developing frailty with long-term higher levels of physical activity. However, most these studies lacked repeated measurement over the follow-up period. Therefore, we examined the association between different types of physical activity and in frailty development using repeated measurements.

Methods
A total of 69,642 nonfrail women 60 yr and older from the Nurses’ Health Study were followed from 1992 to 2016. Leisure time physical activity was assessed biennially. Frailty was defined as having 3+ of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 illnesses, and ≥5% weight loss. Cox models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between total, moderate-intensity physical activity, vigorous-intensity physical activity, walking, and incident frailty.

Results
During 24 yr of follow-up, we documented 16,479 incident frailty cases. Comparing top to bottom quintiles of MET-hours per week of physical activity, the HR was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.45–0.50) for total physical activity, 0.51 (0.48–0.54) for moderate, and 0.75 (0.71–0.79) for vigorous activity (P
trend <0.001 for all activities). For each hour per week increase, HR was 0.56 (0.53–0.58), 0.51 (0.48–0.54), and 0.63 (0.58–0.68) for total, moderate, and vigorous activity, respectively. Walking was the most common activity, and each hour per day increase in walking was associated with an HR of 0.41 (0.38–0.44) for frailty incidence; this was evident even among those older than 70 yr and those with preexisting frailty characteristics.

Conclusions
Both moderate and vigorous physical activities were associated with a lower risk of frailty. In particular, walking, a broadly accessible activity, was also associated with lower risk.
Comparison of subjective image analysis and effective dose between low-dose cone-beam computed tomography machines
Authors: Charuakkra Arnon , Mahasantipiya Phattaranant , Lehtinen Antti , Koivisto Juha , Järnstedt Jorma 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To compare the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality and effective dose between low-dose scanning and standard manufacturer-recommended protocols among different CBCT units. Methods: Three human-equivalent phantoms were scanned using the ultra-low-dose (ULD), low dose (LD), and standard dose (STD) modes of ProMax 3D Mid (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) and Orthophos SL (Sirona, Bensheim, German) for the CBCT images. The quality of the dental anatomical images was assessed by four experienced oral and maxillofacial radiologists using a 5-point Likert scale. OnDemand3D (Cybermed Co., Seoul, Korea) was used as the third-party software for viewing. The percentage of absolute agreement was calculated to determine intra- and interrater agreements among the observers. The effective doses for all CBCT scanning protocols were also calculated. Results: The STD protocol yielded a higher image quality than did the ULD and LD protocols in both ProMax 3D Mid and Orthophos SL. The ULD and LD protocols demonstrated an “acceptable-to-good” sense of visual perception of the CBCT images. The visibility scores significantly differed between the ULD and LD and the STD protocols in ProMax 3D Mid and Orthophos SL, except for the 120-kVp setting in ProMax 3D Mid. The average intra- and interrater agreement scores ranged from 0.63 to 0.89 and from 0.44 to 0.76, respectively. The ULD and LD protocols reduced the radiation dose sixfold compared with the STD protocol. Conclusions: High-tube-voltage protocols could remarkably reduce the imaging dose without degrading the image quality. Specifically, ULD and LD CBCT protocols may be adopted as routine practice for diagnosis and treatment planning.
Assessment of the quality of life in patients treated for colorectal cancer
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka , Leksowski Łukasz , Biernacki Maciej , Jęchorek Michał 
Published: September 2022

Colorectal cancer is a common cause of death. The incidence of cancer increases every year, it is caused by better secondary prevention - screening and early stage cancer detection. The early stages of neoplasms enable the implementation of effective treatment. The method of treating colon cancer is radical treatment - surgery. The quality of life in patients with chronic diseases such as cancer is variable in each phase of the disease.
The presented work aims to show the quality of life of patients on the day of admission to the hospital for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. The study used standardized QLQ-C30 forms with the extension of the CR29 module. Comprehensive assessment of the quality of life enables the presentation of the patient's condition before the procedure and is the starting point for the assessment of the patient after the procedure.
The studies show that patients have the lowest assessment of the overall quality of life and emotional functioning. They judge physical and mental functioning well. Symptoms related to the disease, such as abdominal pain, significantly reduce the quality of life.
The presented research shows that each time before the procedure, the patient should have the quality of life assessed in order to possibly further compare the changes in the subjective assessment of the quality of life. The research shows that patients diagnosed with cancer have a low quality of life assessment and preventive measures should be implemented in the form of consultations.
‘Wasn't me!’ A field study of the relationship between deceptive motivations and psychopathic traits in young offenders
Authors: Spidel Alicia , Hervé Hugues , Greaves Caroline , Yuille John C. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. Evaluating truthfulness is an integral part of any forensic assessment. Unfortunately, the motives underlying the use of deceptive strategies by offenders and how these may be mediated by personality are not well established, particularly in adolescent samples. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to identify different deception‐related motivations in a sample of juvenile offenders, with special emphasis placed on the relationship between these motivations and psychopathic traits.Methods. Archived file and videotaped information for 60 Canadian federal juvenile offenders were reviewed in order to identify real‐life (spontaneous) patterns of deceptive motivations.Results. It was found that there were significant differences between the low, medium, and high groups across psychopathic traits for the motivations of (1) lies to obtain a reward; (2) to heighten self‐presentation; and (3) for duping delight.Conclusions. Not only were juvenile offenders found to lie for a variety of reasons, but also psychopathy was found to mediate the specific motivational patterns leading to offender perpetrated deception. The relevance of these findings to the assessment of truthfulness in offender populations is discussed.
Resonant toroidal metasurface as a platform for thin-film and biomaterial sensing
Authors: Kaur Sukhvinder , Jana Arun , Karmakar Subhajit , Varshney Ravendra K. , Chowdhury Dibakar Roy 
Published: September 2022

Toroidal resonances with weak free-space coupling have recently garnered significant research attraction toward the realization of advanced photonic devices. As a natural consequence of weak free-space coupling, toroidal resonances generally possess a high quality factor with low radiative losses. Because of these backgrounds, we have experimentally studied thin-film sensing utilizing toroidal resonance in a subwavelength planar metasurface, whose unit cell consists of near-field coupled asymmetric dual gap split-ring resonators (ASRRs). These ASRRs are placed in a mirrored configuration within the unit cell. The near-field coupled ASRRs support circulating surface currents in both resonators with opposite phases, resulting in excitation of the toroidal mode. In such a way, excited toroidal resonance can support strong light–matter interactions with external materials (analytes to be detected) placed on top of the metasurface. Further, our study reveals a sensitivity of 30 GHz/RIU while sensing AZ4533 photoresist film utilizing the toroidal mode. Such detection of thin films can be highly beneficial for the development of sensing devices for various biomolecules and dielectric materials that can be spin coated or drop casted on metasurfaces. Hence, the toroidal mode is further theoretically explored towards the detection of avian influenza virus subtypes, namely, H5N2 and H9N2. Our study reveals 6 and 9 GHz of frequency redshifts for H5N2 and H9N2, respectively, in comparison to the bare sample. Therefore, this work shows that toroidal metasurfaces can be a useful platform to sense thin films of various materials including biomaterials.
Photonic generation of millimeter-wave and multi-waveform signals based on external modulation and polarization control
Authors: Yuan Jin , Zhang Mengsi , Mei Ying , Liu Qisong , Liu Jinbo 
Published: September 2022

An approach for photonic generation of multi-function microwave/pulse signals has been proposed and verified, which is capable of achieving Nyquist/triangular pulse signals and frequency quadrupling/12-tupling microwave signals. Based on optical carrier suppressed modulation in a dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator, a four-line optical frequency comb and a Nyquist pulse are generated. Subsequently, polarization controlling using an optical interleaver and a linear polarizer is conducted to manipulate spectra, after which a pulse signal with triangular shape and a microwave signal with high-frequency multiplication factor are generated. By applying a 10-GHz RF driving signal, a Nyquist pulse and a full-duty-cycle triangular pulse with repetition frequency of 40 GHz, and 40-/120-GHz millimeter-wave signals can be obtained. This proposal provides the potential of higher-frequency multi-waveform and millimeter-wave signals generator for an all-optical network.
Stability improvement of a dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator based on self-phase locking
Authors: Wang Yifan , Yan Juanjuan 
Published: September 2022

In this study, we experimentally demonstrate what we believe is a novel dual-loop optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with a self-phase locking loop (SPLL). Using this feedback loop, the phase of the oscillating signal is locked to its past by adjusting the DC bias voltage of the used Mach–Zehnder modulator. In this way, the oscillating frequency stability can be improved. Proving experiments on a 10-GHz OEO are performed. The results show that more than 20 dB improvements in the phase noise at low offset frequencies are achieved, the frequency fluctuation is reduced to less than 4 kHz in an hour, and the corresponding Allan deviation is decreased by 1 order of magnitude owing to the SPLL. This frequency stabilization scheme without use of any external reference sources has a great prospect in an integrated OEO.
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for anemia in heart failure patients: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fukuta Hidekatsu , Hagiwara Hiromi , Kamiya Takeshi 
Published: September 2022

Background
Anemia is common in heart failure (HF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with worse outcomes. Iron supplementation improves symptoms and is associated with reduced risk of hospitalization for HF in iron-deficiency HF patients. However, iron deficiency is present in <30% of anemic HF patients. Erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) improve symptoms but are associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events in anemic HF patients with CKD. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitors are a new class of agents for the treatment of anemia. These agents work by stabilizing the HIF complex, thereby stimulating endogenous erythropoietin production. We hypothesized that HIF-PH inhibitors may be associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular outcomes compared with ESAs in anemic HF patients with CKD. Accordingly, we aim to perform the meta-analysis of studies on the efficacy and safety of HIF-PH inhibitors compared with ESAs in anemic HF patients with CKD.

Methods
This meta-analysis will include prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials on the effect of HIF-PH inhibitors compared with ESAs in anemic HF patients with CKD. Information of studies will be collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcome will be cardiovascular death. The secondary outcomes will be all-cause death, hospitalization for HF, HF symptoms, exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and hemoglobin levels.

Discussion
This meta-analysis will evaluate the effect of HIF-PH inhibitors in anemic HF patients with CKD, providing evidence regarding the use of HIF-PH inhibitors in these patients.

Systematic review registration
INPLASY202230103.
Reviews
Authors: Silva Michele 
Published: September 2022

Book reviewed in this article:Bidge's Mob: Written and illustrated by Gaye DellCreative Family Therapy Techniques: Play, Art, and Expressive Activities to Engage Children in Family Sessions: Editor: Liana LowensteinEssential Skills in Family Therapy, from the first interview to termination: JoEllen Patterson, Lee Williams, Todd M. Edwards, Larry Chamow, Claudia Grauf‐GroundsMulti‐Family Therapy: Concepts and Techniques: Eia Asen, Michael Scholz
The Context for Government Regulation of Obesity Around the Globe: Implications for Global Policy Action
Authors: Campbell Amy T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Governments have many “whys” and “hows” to address obesity. While there are similarities, the “why,” “how,” “what,” and “who” behind action are strongly influenced by context, the importance of which is critical for international policy understanding of governmental obesity regulation. Context for Government to Address Obesity & Regulating through Law: Context, e.g., health system and political structure, affects government authority and motivation to address obesity. This snapshot highlights key contextual features to ground law's role in addressing obesity. Comparison of Common Government Approaches to Obesity: Two leading approaches — information and economic incentives — are featured, and major developments shared. Trends and themes emerge, notably the prominence of economic incentives (but divergent uses and targets), and the necessity of incremental strategies. Conclusion and Policy Implications: Contextual complexity cautions against drawing the wrong conclusions: what works in one place may not simply transfer and work in another. And yet, comparative analysis can strengthen the search for transnational measures of policy effectiveness (e.g., equity) and inform discussion of next steps to confront obesity in a diverse but interconnected global society.
Type-0 singularities in the network flow – Evolution of trees
Authors: Mantegazza Carlo , Novaga Matteo , Pluda Alessandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe motion by curvature of networks is the generalization to finite union of curves of the curve shortening flow. This evolution has several peculiar features, mainly due to the presence of junctions where the curves meet. In this paper we show that whenever the length of one single curve vanishes and two triple junctions coalesce, then the curvature of the evolving networks remains bounded. This topological singularity is exclusive of the network flow and it can be referred as a “Type-0” singularity, in contrast to the well known “Type-I” and “Type-II” ones of the usual mean curvature flow of smooth curves or hypersurfaces, characterized by the different rates of blow-up of the curvature. As a consequence, we are able to give a complete description of the evolution of tree–like networks till the first singular time, under the assumption that all the “tangents flows” have unit multiplicity. If the lifespan of such solutions is finite, then the curvature of the network remains bounded and we can apply the results from [T. Ilmanen, A. Neves and F. Schulze, On short time existence for the planar network flow, J. Differential Geom. 111 2019, 1, 39–89] and [J. Lira, R. Mazzeo, A. Pluda and M. Saez, Short–time existence for the network flow, preprint 2021] to “restart” the flow after the singularity.
Post-treatment symptomatic improvement of the eastern Indian ADHD probands is influenced by CYP2D6 genetic variations
Authors: Chatterjee Mahasweta , Saha Sharmistha , Maitra Subhamita , Ray Anirban , Sinha Swagata , Mukhopadhyay Kanchan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Symptomatic remediation from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-associated traits is achieved by treatment with methylphenidate (MPH)/atomoxetine (ATX). We have analyzed the association of functional CYP2D6 variations, rs1065852, rs3892097, rs1135840, and rs1058164, with ADHD in the Indian subjects.

Methods
Subjects were recruited following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. Trait scores were obtained from the Conner’s Parents Rating Scale-Revised. After obtaining informed consent, blood was collected for DNA isolation, and genotyping was performed by PCR or TaqMan-based methods. Probands were treated with MPH or ATX based on age, symptoms, and drug availability. Treatment outcome was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed to identify the association of CYP2D6 variations and the SLC6A3 rs28363170 with the treatment outcome.

Results
The frequency of rs1135840 “G” and rs1065852 “G” was higher in the male ADHD probands. Bias in parental transmission (p=0.007) and association with higher trait scores were observed for rs1065852 “A”. Independent influence of rs1065852 on ADHD was also observed. Probands carrying rs1065852 ‘GG’, rs1135840 ‘CG’, and rs28363170 10R exhibited significant symptomatic improvement with MPH, while probands with rs1135840 ‘CC’ and rs28363170 9R showed improvement after ATX treatment.

Conclusions
ADHD probands having specific CYP2D6 genetic variations respond differentially to pharmaceutical intervention.
Machine learning, artificial intelligence, and chemistry: How smart algorithms are reshaping simulation and the laboratory
Authors: Kuntz David , Wilson Angela K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly gaining in prominence through image analysis, language processing, and automation, to name a few applications. Machine learning is also making profound changes in chemistry. From revisiting decades-old analytical techniques for the purpose of creating better calibration curves, to assisting and accelerating traditional in silico simulations, to automating entire scientific workflows, to being used as an approach to deduce underlying physics of unexplained chemical phenomena, machine learning and artificial intelligence are reshaping chemistry, accelerating scientific discovery, and yielding new insights. This review provides an overview of machine learning and artificial intelligence from a chemist’s perspective and focuses on a number of examples of the use of these approaches in computational chemistry and in the laboratory.