bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived threat of COVID‐19, attitudes towards vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy: A prospective longitudinal study in the UK
Authors: Phillips Rhiannon , Gillespie David , Hallingberg Britt , Evans Jennifer , Taiyari Khadijeh , Torrens‐Burton Anna , Cannings‐John Rebecca , Williams Denitza , Sheils Elizabeth , Ashfield‐Watt Pauline , Akbari Ashley , Hughes Kathryn , Thomas‐Jones Emma , James Delyth , Wood Fiona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesUsing the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework, we investigated the association between attitudes towards COVID‐19, COVID‐19 vaccinations, and vaccine hesitancy and change in these variables over a 9‐month period in a UK cohort.MethodsThe COPE study cohort (n = 11,113) was recruited via an online survey at enrolment in March/April 2020. The study was advertised via the HealthWise Wales research registry and social media. Follow‐up data were available for 6942 people at 3 months (June/July 2020) and 5037 at 12 months (March/April 2021) post‐enrolment. Measures included demographics, perceived threat of COVID‐19, perceived control, intention to accept or decline a COVID‐19 vaccination, and attitudes towards vaccination. Logistic regression models were fitted cross‐sectionally at 3 and 12 months to assess the association between motivational factors and vaccine hesitancy. Longitudinal changes in motivational variables for vaccine‐hesitant and non‐hesitant groups were examined using mixed‐effect analysis of variance models.ResultsFear of COVID‐19, perceived susceptibility to COVID‐19, and perceived personal control over COVID‐19 infection transmission decreased between the 3‐ and 12‐month surveys.Vaccine hesitancy at 12 months was independently associated with low fear of the disease and more negative attitudes towards COVID‐19 vaccination. Specific barriers to COVID‐19 vaccine uptake included concerns about safety and efficacy in light of its rapid development, mistrust of government and pharmaceutical companies, dislike of coercive policies, and perceived lack of relaxation in COVID‐19‐related restrictions as the vaccination programme progressed.ConclusionsDecreasing fear of COVID‐19, perceived susceptibility to the disease, and perceptions of personal control over reducing infection‐transmission may impact future COVID‐19 vaccination uptake.
Association between dietary niacin and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in healthy eyes of different ages
Authors: Charng Jason , Ansari Abdus Samad , Bondonno Nicola P. , Hunter Michael L. , O'Sullivan Therese A. , Louca Panayiotis , Hammond Chris J. , Mackey David A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the relationship between dietary intake of niacin (water‐soluble form of vitamin B3) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy eyes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study examined the association between daily niacin intake and RNFL thickness in three large population‐based cohorts with varied age differences. RNFL thickness was extracted from optical coherence tomography data; energy‐adjusted niacin intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Linear mixed‐effects models were utilised to examine the association between RNFL thickness and energy‐adjusted niacin intake. Three separate analyses were conducted, with niacin treated as a continuous, a categorical (quartiles) or a dichotomous (above/below Australian recommended daily intake) variable.ResultsIn total, 4937 subjects were included in the study [Raine Study Gen2, n = 1204, median age 20; Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS), n = 1791, median age 64; TwinsUK, n = 1942, median age 64). When analysed as a continuous variable, there was no association between RNFL thickness and niacin intake in any of the three cohorts (95% CI β: Raine Study Gen 2, −0.174 to 0.074; BHAS, −0.066 to 0.078; TwinsUK −0.435 to 0.350). Similar findings were observed with quartiles of niacin intake and for niacin intakes above or below Australian recommended daily intake levels in all three cohorts.ConclusionsDietary intake of niacin from a standard diet does not appear to be associated with age‐related RNFL thinning in healthy eyes. Supraphysiological doses of niacin may be required for therapeutic effect in the retina.
Evolution of ischemic stroke drug clinical trials in mainland China from 2005 to 2021
Authors: Bo Chunrui , Wang Tianqi , Hou Chengbei , Han Jinming , Chen Lixia , Zhang Huixue , Wang Lihua , Li Hongyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the temporal changes in the characteristics of ischemic stroke drug clinical trials conducted in mainland China in 2005–2021.MethodsA statistical analysis of registered clinical trials on ischemic stroke was performed using the platform of the Center for Drug Evaluation of China National Medical Products Administration, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov websites.ResultsFrom January 1, 2005 to August 1, 2021, a total of 384 registered drug clinical trials on ischemic stroke were identified in mainland China. Over time, the number of trials gradually increased each year, with a significant growth in 2014, from 16 in 2013 to 42 in 2014. Phase IV trials (31.8%) accounted for the majority, followed by phase II (16.4%), phase I (10.9%), and phase III (8.6%). In terms of sponsorship, the proportion of investigator‐initiated trials (IITs) (60.7%) was higher than industry‐sponsored trials (ISTs) (39.3%). Additionally, trials involving traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) (36.2%) accounted for the largest proportion, followed by trials involving antithrombotic therapy (19.5%) and cerebral protection agents (16.7%). Furthermore, over the past 17 years, the number of leading drug clinical trial units for ischemic stroke in mainland China has continuously increased. The leading principal units from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Liaoning accounted for the majority of the trials (67.4%).ConclusionIn the past 17 years, great progress has been made in the research and development (R&D) of drugs and clinical trials for ischemic stroke in mainland China. The most extensive progress was observed in TCMs, antithrombotic therapy, and cerebral protection agents. More clinical trials are needed to confirm whether the newly developed drugs can improve the clinical efficacy of ischemic stroke. Simultaneously, more pharmaceutical R&D efforts of innovative drugs are warranted.
L2 listening: An intervention study of instructional approaches
Authors: Toapanta Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis intervention study was conducted to assess the effects of three instructional approaches to L2 listening. That is, a metacognitive pedagogical cycle, an awareness‐raising approach which combined reflections and short discussions of factors associated with successful L2 listening, and an approach that incorporated vocabulary as a prelistening activity and guiding questions during the listening session. This study embraces the need for intervention studies that identify what works best. It addresses methodological flaws in previous studies and concerns associated with long‐term effects. L2 listening was measured before and after the intervention at pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest. The overarching research question was concerned with whether or not there are significant differences in L2 listening between and within the groups. The results indicate that guiding learners through a process that develops metacognitive knowledge and regulatory skills is an effective way of teaching listening. The results also offer preliminary evidence of long‐term effects.
Spawning overlap of Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus and Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius in the coastal Yellow Sea: A prey–predator interaction
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Ye Zhenjiang , Tian Yongjun , Yu Haiqing , Ma Shuyang , Ju Peilong , Watanabe Yoshiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractJapanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus are typical predator and prey species, respectively, with high commercial values in the China seas. However, the interspecific interaction, particularly the relationship between the two species during early life stages, is unclear. Here, based on ichthyoplankton surveys in the coastal Yellow Sea during 2013–2018, we analyzed the relationship between the two species based on egg occurrence and abundance in the context of species interaction. Spawning optimal temperature were examined for anchovy (13.0–18.0°C) and mackerel (15.0–20.0°C) based on egg occurrences and abundances in relation to sea surface temperature. We confirmed the peak spawning periods (May and June) and primary spawning areas (Haizhou Bay) for both mackerel and anchovy based on spatiotemporal distributions of two species eggs. Mackerel showed a high spawning overlap with anchovy, and anchovy egg abundance were also higher in overlap areas. Anchovy egg abundance may be more important for mackerel spawning than environmental variables, suggesting the significance of prey for predators during early recruitment. The temperature also has important effects on mackerel spawning and could be a threshold affecting mackerel spawning activity. Mackerel might have evolved a spawning strategy of short‐term spawning timed to coincide with the peak spawning of anchovy in the coastal Yellow Sea. These results highlight the effects of interspecific relationships on spawning strategy of anchovy and mackerel in the coastal Yellow Sea and may provide some insights for early recruitment studies of piscivorous fishes in the context of the match–mismatch hypothesis.
Putting experts in their place: Achieving policy impact as an outsider‐academic in civil service reforms in Slovakia
Authors: Sedlačko Michal , Staroňová Katarína 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper studies two processes of civil service reform in Slovakia during the period of 2014–2015 in order to reflect on the involvement of an ‘outsider‐academic’ and her strategies to achieve policy impact. The context of such involvement are multi‐level processes permeated by political interests and poor on evidence, which favour strategic interests, bargaining and political pressure and contestation (the mode of ‘powering’) and a mode of legal‐based ‘puzzling’ as opposed to a conceptual, intellectual search for solutions friendly towards outside academics—and achieving only incremental results. We theorise on the success of these strategies (including helping serendipity, throwing ideas to see what sticks, mobilising allies, anchoring a non‐binding concept, and finding and developing long‐term connections) and sketch analogies and differences between the position of an outsider‐academic and a policy entrepreneur. We rely on auto‐ethnographic data and documentation of the work of the committees involved and their outputs.
“I don't feel like I'm a person”: Nursing knowledge of transgender care through the lens of transgender people
Authors: Mikovits John C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsOne aim of this study was to discover and understand the perceptions of healthcare delivery for transgender people who have had interactions with nurses while receiving care. An additional purpose of this study was to identify if these perceptions of nursing knowledge have an influence on transgender individuals seeking future healthcare.DesignQualitative, interpretive description.MethodsRecruitment of participants and interviews took place between September and November 2020. Confidentiality and protection of human participants was prioritized, and data analysis concluded in early 2021.ResultsTen participant interviews were completed until data saturation were determined. One overarching theme and five supporting themes were constructed from data. Based on participant experiences, these themes reflect transgender peoples' perceptions of nursing knowledge of transgender care and how these perceptions impact seeking future healthcare.ConclusionExperiences that shaped transgender peoples' perceptions of nursing knowledge of transgender care varied depending on the locations of these services and the experience and understanding of registered nurses. These findings highlight the perceptions that transgender people have of registered nurses' knowledge of transgender care and the influence that those perceptions have on them seeking future healthcare.ImpactThis research aimed to fill a gap in the literature viewing registered nurses' knowledge of transgender care through the lenses of transgender participants. These findings indicate the need to advance the nursing profession to provide equitable, nonjudgmental care to transgender people to minimize the health disparities that they continue to face.
Trade‐offs in defence to pathogen species revealed in expanding nematode populations
Authors: Ordovás‐Montañés María , Preston Gail M. , Hoang Kim L. , Rafaluk‐Mohr Charlotte , King Kayla C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany host organisms live in polymicrobial environments and must respond to a diversity of pathogens. The degree to which host defences towards one pathogen species affect susceptibility to others is unclear. We used a panel of Caenorhabditis elegans nematode isolates to test for natural genetic variation in fitness costs of immune upregulation and pathogen damage, as well as for trade‐offs in defence against two pathogen species, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We examined the fitness impacts of transient pathogen exposure (pathogen damage and immune upregulation) or exposure to heat‐killed culture (immune upregulation only) by measuring host population sizes, which allowed us to simultaneously capture changes in reproductive output, developmental time and survival. We found significant decreases in population sizes for hosts exposed to live versus heat‐killed S. aureus and found increased reproductive output after live P. aeruginosa exposure, compared with the corresponding heat‐killed challenge. Nematode isolates with relatively higher population sizes after live P. aeruginosa infection produced fewer offspring after live S. aureus challenge. These findings reveal that wild C. elegans genotypes display a trade‐off in defences against two distinct pathogen species that are evident in subsequent generations.
qPCR screening for Yersinia ruckeri clonal complex 1 against a background of putatively avirulent strains in Norwegian aquaculture
Authors: Riborg Andreas , Gulla Snorre , Strand David , Wiik‐Nielsen Jannicke , Rønneseth Anita , Welch Timothy J. , Spilsberg Bjørn , Colquhoun Duncan J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough a number of genetically diverse Yersinia ruckeri strains are present in Norwegian aquaculture environments, most if not all outbreaks of yersiniosis in Atlantic salmon in Norway are associated with a single specific genetic lineage of serotype O1, termed clonal complex 1. To investigate the presence and spread of virulent and putatively avirulent strains in Norwegian salmon farms, PCR assays specific for Y. ruckeri (species level) and Y. ruckeri clonal complex 1 were developed. Following extensive screening of water and biofilm, the widespread prevalence of putatively avirulent Y. ruckeri strains was confirmed in freshwater salmon hatcheries, while Y. ruckeri clonal complex 1 was found in fewer farms. The formalin‐killed bacterin yersiniosis vaccine was detected in environmental samples by both PCR assays for several weeks post‐vaccination. It is thus important to interpret results from recently vaccinated fish with great care. Moreover, field studies and laboratory trials confirmed that stressful management procedures may result in increased shedding of Y. ruckeri by sub‐clinically infected fish. Analysis of sea water sampled throughout thermal delousing procedures proved effective for detection of Y. ruckeri in sub‐clinically infected populations.
Between autonomy and heteronomy: Navigating peasant and indigenous organizations in contemporary Bolivia
Authors: Guimarães Alice Soares , Wanderley Fernanda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the Bolivian rural actors' projects and practices of autonomy. Autonomy is a polysemic concept and concrete projects—and their manifestations—of collective autonomy can only be defined, discussed, and evaluated based on specific understandings attributed to the notion by different collectivities. The authors explore the meanings of autonomy for indigenous and peasant agents in contemporary Bolivia, and to what extent their capacity to advance collective projects of autonomy was enhanced or hindered under Morales' government (2006–2019). The article's focus is the unfolding of these projects in relation to two of the main institutions of modern societies: state and market. The Bolivian case provides insights for the complexities that surround the concept of autonomy and its constant tension with heteronomy.
Regional aspects of immigration‐related changes in political preferences
Authors: Mehic Adrian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how right‐wing populist voting following the 2015 refugee wave was affected by regional characteristics, using data from a quasi‐natural experiment in Sweden. The results suggest that voting outcomes are heavily dependent on pre‐influx municipal characteristics. In localities with strong anti‐immigration sentiments during the 1990s refugee wave, as well as in areas with high crime rates before the refugee wave, there is a positive relationship between immigration rates and anti‐immigration voting. However, the immigration‐related increase in the nationalist vote is significantly smaller in depopulation areas. These polarizing effects on voting are exacerbated when considering immigration of young males.
Sooty mould caused by Capnodium alfenasii on Azadirachta indica
Authors: Mesquita Naasoom Luiz Santos , Santos Armínio , de Oliveira Rafael José Vilela , Soares Poliana Prates de Souza , de Novaes Quelmo Silva , Bezerra José Luiz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn October 2020, sooty moulds were found covering the leaves of neem trees (Azadirachta indica) in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. Sooty moulds usually grow on honeydew secreted by insects. However, in this observation, insects were not visible on the sooty mould‐infected plants. Rather, the sooty mould grew on the host secretions. Inoculation was performed to confirm the ability of the fungus to grow on host nectaries. Based on the morphological features and phylogenetic analysis, Capnodium alfenasii was identified as the sooty mould agent. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of this fungus on neem plants.
Current and historical factors drive variation of reproductive traits in unisexual mosses in Europe: A case study
Authors: Boquete María Teresa , Varela Zulema , Fernández José Angel , Calleja Juan Antonio , Branquinho Cristina , Chilà Antonina , Cronberg Nils , Cruz de Carvalho Ricardo , Aleixo Cristiana , Estébanez‐Pérez Belén , Fernández‐González Verónica , Baselga Andrés , Gómez‐Rodríguez Carola , González‐Mancebo Juana María , Leblond Sebastien , Martínez‐Abaigar Javier , Medina Nagore G. , Núñez‐Olivera Encarnación , Patiño Jairo , Retuerto Rubén , Vázquez‐Arias Antón , Vanderpoorten Alain , Zechmeister Harald G. , Aboal Jesús Ramón 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnisexual bryophytes provide excellent models to study the mechanisms that regulate the frequency of sexual versus asexual reproduction in plants, and their ecological and evolutionary implications. Here, we determined sex expression, phenotypic sex ratio, and individual shoot traits in 242 populations of the cosmopolitan moss Pseudoscleropodium purum spanning its whole distributional range. We tested whether niche differentiation, sex‐specific differences in shoot size, and biogeographical history explained the spatial variation of reproductive traits. We observed high levels of sex expression and predominantly female‐biased populations, although both traits showed high intraspecific variation among populations. Sex expression and sex ratio were partly explained by current macroscale environmental variation, with male shoots being less frequent at the higher end of the environmental gradients defined by the current distribution of the species. Female bias in population sex ratio was significantly lower in areas recolonized after the last glacial maximum (recent populations) than in glacial refugia (long‐term persistent populations). We demonstrated that reproductive trait variation in perennial unisexual mosses is partially driven by macroscale and historical environmental variation. Based on our results, we hypothesize that sexual dimorphism in environmental tolerance and vegetative growth contribute to sex ratio bias over time, constraining the chances of sexual reproduction, especially in long‐term persistent populations. Further studies combining genetic analyses and population monitoring should improve our understanding of the implications of the intraspecific variation in the frequency of sexual versus asexual reproduction in bryophyte population fitness and eco‐evolutionary dynamics.
Spiritual care in Australian general practice nursing: An interpretive descriptive study
Authors: Schreiber Christine , Verrall Claire , Whitehead Dean 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpiritual care as an aspect of holistic or person‐centered care has been well documented. Studies on spirituality and spiritual care in nursing have taken place in various countries and contexts. Studies about spiritual care from the nurse perspective in the primary healthcare setting of Australian General Practice are not evident. Using an interpretive description study design, data about views on spirituality, spiritual care experiences, and descriptions about any spiritual care provided were collected from eight practice nurses. Four themes were drawn from the findings: the personal importance of spirituality and spiritual care to nurses and patients, spiritual care as an aspect of person‐centered care, spiritual care practices, and barriers and enablers to addressing spiritual needs. Participants identified that practice nurses require improved education about spirituality to adequately address spiritual needs as expressed by patients, as well as the tools to be able to provide spiritual care. They also identified that documentation templates used in general practice should include prompts to address spiritual and/or religious needs.
Revisiting the nursing metaparadigm: Acknowledging technology as foundational to progressing nursing knowledge
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth , Carrington Jane M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe nursing metaparadigm, as described by Fawcett in 1984, includes human, health, nursing, and the environment, all of which support theory development by giving direction to our focus as a scientific body. Nursing scientists make their mark in biotechnological applications, mobile health, informatics, and human factors research. We give voice to the patient through design feedback and incorporating technological advancements in our evolving nursing knowledge; however, we have not formally acknowledged technology in our metaparadigm. To continue patient‐centered care in this age where machines are enmeshed in daily human life, we propose technology must be a domain of the metaparadigm to continue advancing nursing science and knowledge. In this paper, we propose a separate domain of technology within the metaparadigm to challenge nurses to consider approaches within their research and practice of how technology will impact patient care and their personal development within the profession. A technology‐specific domain within the metaparadigm also is a signal to other bodies of science of our willingness and ability to run at pace with novel, exciting new discoveries while adding our perspective. Nurses may become active agents in novel developments rather than passive adopters, continuing our legacy of patient advocacy through new knowledge generation. Emerging and continuing nurse leadership has set the stage for the next era of nurse‐led innovation and technology development, which provides an opportunity to embed technology as a core aspect of the nursing metaparadigm.