bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Tempat Sampah Pintar Pemilah Logam, Non Logam Dan Organik Otomatis Berbasis IOT (Internet Of Things)
Authors: Indra Satmata Subahtiyar , Afroni M.Jasa , Sugiono Sugiono 
Published: November 2022

Manusia melakukan banyak aktivitas dalam kehidupannya, dalam aktivitas itu manusia dapat menghasilkan sampah. Sampah selalu timbul menjadi persoalan rumit dalam masyarakat yang kurang memiliki kepekaan terhadap lingkungan. Maka dari itu diperlukan tempat sampah yang dapat lebih efektif memilah sampah secara otomatis, sehingga dibutuhkannya sebuah inovasi berupa pemilah sampah otomatis berdasarkan jenisnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancang bangun tempat sampah otomatis yang menggunakan Arduino Atmega 2560 sebagai pusat pengolahan data, Sensor touch dan sensor induktif sebagai pendeteksi sampah organik, non organic dan logam, motor servo sebagai pemilah dan pembuka tutup kotak sampah. Nodemcmu ESP8266 sebagai penghubung ke jaringan internet. Ultrasonic sebagai pendeteksi adanya benda atau kapasitas tempat sampah lalu LCD 16x2 digunakan untuk memberikan keterangan. Hasil pengujian alat pemilah sampah ini didapatkan keberhasilan 75%. Dan dapat mengirimkan notifikasi Ketika sampah penuh.Kata kunci : Pemilah sampah, Touch Sensor, NodeMcu, Esp 8266, Mikrokontroller
Home-based Pediatric Palliative Care: A Narrative Review
Authors: Uligraff Deby Kristiani , Sitorus Theresia Oktariana 
Published: November 2022

Aims: Home-based pediatric palliative care (HBPPC) seemingly would be a promising approach to support families whose have and take care for children with life-threatening disease (LTD) and life-limiting disease (LLD) in a holistic manner. PPC is not only provided in the hospital, but also delivered in the outpatient care; community settings, including hospice and patients’ homes. The aim of this study is to delineate findings from previous studies about home-based pediatric palliative care (HBPPC) for gaining information about the benefits of implementing HBPPC.
Methods: Several search strategies, mainly using electronic databases, were employed to gain a solid body of literature constructing this article. The inclusion criteria of the studies were English text, full text, and children as the specific investigated population which were published between 2014 until 2022. We used the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) for appraising and establishing a robust body of literature regarding the topic and finally there were 9 studies included in this literature review.
Results: From reviewing the available literature, it is found that home-based PPC may be an ideal approach to care for children with LTD and LLD and their families. By employing home-based PPC, both patient and caregiver may gain several benefits to manage physical, psychosocial, and emotional issues, which enhance the quality of life (QoL) for both the patients and their parents.
Conclusions: The implementation of HBPPC may improve the QoL of children with LTD and LLD, as well as their families.
Assessing the causal role of hypertension on left atrial and left ventricular structure and function: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun Yancui , Zhang Ying , Xu Nan , Bi Cheng , Liu Xiaojie , Song Wei , Jiang Yinong 
Published: November 2022

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether hypertension may be causally linked to left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) structure and function.Methods and resultsWe performed a two-Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis implementing the results from the FinnGen large-scale, genome-wide association study for hypertension (N = 218,754), and LV (N = 16,923) and LA studies (N = 35,648) by the UK Biobank to identify genetic instruments. The MR analysis was implemented using an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach. We identified a positive potential causal relationship between hypertension and indices for the LA maximum (LAmax with causal estimates of 0.126 [95% CI, (0.093 to 0.160)]); LA minimum (LAmin with causal estimates of 0.122 [95% CI, (0.089 to 0.156)]); LV function (causal estimates are LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), 0.078 [95% CI, (0.003 to 0.153)]; LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), 0.102 [95% CI, (0.030 to 0.173)]; LV mass (LVM), 0.171 [95% CI, (0.108 to 0.233)]; and LV mass to end-diastolic volume ratio (LVMVR at 0.098 [95% CI, (0.048 to 0.149)], respectively), which was directionally concordant with other robust MR methods. Other than this, we observed a significantly negative causal relationship between hypertension and the LA active emptying fraction (LAAEF), the LA passive emptying fraction (LAPEF), and the LA total emptying fraction (LATEF).ConclusionOur genetic analyses demonstrated a potential causal relationship between hypertension and the left atrium and left ventricle’s structures and functions.
Low-normal serum unconjugated bilirubin levels are associated with late but not early carotid atherosclerotic lesions in T2DM subjects
Authors: Jin Chun-Hua , Wang Jun-Wei , Ke Jiang-Feng , Li Jing-Bo , Li Mei-Fang , Li Lian-Xi 
Published: November 2022

AimsWe aimed to examine the association of serum unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) within normal limits with carotid atherosclerosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis cross-sectional, real-world study was performed in 8,006 hospitalized T2DM patients including 4,153 men and 3,853 women with normal UCB. The subjects were stratified into quintiles based on serum UCB levels (&lt;6.2, 6.2–7.9, 8.0–8.9, 9.0–10.9, and &gt;10.9 μmol/l, respectively). Carotid atherosclerotic lesions detected by ultrasonography, including carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid plaque, and stenosis, were compared among the five groups. The associations of serum UCB levels and quintiles with carotid atherosclerotic lesions were also determined by multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of carotid plaque (55.3%, 49.5%, 47.4%, 43.8%, and 37.5%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001 for trend) and stenosis (15.2%, 12.2%, 9.1%, 7.7%, and 5.4%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001 for trend) was progressively lower across the UCB quintiles even after adjusting for age, sex, and duration of diabetes. Results of a fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that serum UCB levels and quintiles were significantly associated with carotid plaque and stenosis. Compared with the subjects in the lowest UCB quintile, the risk of carotid plaque decreased by 25.5%, 28.7%, 33.5%, and 42.8%, and that of carotid stenosis by 24.6%, 37.4%, 44.9%, and 47.3%, respectively, in those from the second to highest UCB quintiles. High serum UCB within the normal range was a protective factor against carotid plaque [odds ratio (OR) 0.810, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.747–0.878; p &lt; 0.001] and stenosis [OR 0.722, 95% CI 0.647–0.805; p &lt; 0.001]. However, no significant association was observed between serum UCB and CIMT in T2DM patients. Furthermore, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in the subjects with carotid atherosclerosis than in those without carotid atherosclerosis and clearly decreased across the UCB quintiles.ConclusionsSerum UCB within normal limits is inversely associated with late carotid atherosclerotic lesions including carotid plaque and stenosis but not CIMT, an early carotid atherosclerotic lesion in T2DM patients. High-normal UCB may be protective against carotid atherosclerosis by its anti-inflammation effect, which was indicated by significantly decreased CRP levels from the lowest to highest UCB quintiles.
Positive BRAFV600E mutation of primary tumor influences radioiodine avidity but not prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer with lung metastases
Authors: Huang Shuhui , Qi Mengfang , Tian Tian , Dai Hongyuan , Tang Yuan , Huang Rui 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis study investigated the relationship between BRAFV600E mutation of the primary tumor and radioiodine avidity in lung metastases (LMs) and then further evaluated the impact of BRAFV600E mutation and radioiodine avidity status on the prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with LMs.MethodsNinety-four PTC patients with LMs after total thyroidectomy and cervical lymph node dissection between January 2012 and September 2021 were retrospectively included. All patients received BRAFV600E mutation examination of primary tumors and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. The therapeutic response was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) assessments (version 1.1). For patients with target lesions, the response was divided into complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD); for patients without target lesions, the response was divided into CR, non-CR/non-PD, and PD. In therapeutic response, PR and SD were classified as non-CR/non-PD for analysis. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the impact factor on PD and mortality. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were constructed by the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsIt was found that 21.2% (7/33) of patients with positive BRAFV600E mutation and 62.3% (38/61) of patients with negative BRAFV600E mutation had radioiodine-avid LMs (χ2 = 14.484, p = 0.000). Patients with positive BRAFV600E mutation are more likely to lose radioiodine avidity; the odds ratios (ORs) were 5.323 (95% CI: 1.953–14.514, p = 0.001). Finally, 25 patients had PD, and six patients died; loss of radioiodine avidity was the independent predictor for PD, and the ORs were 10.207 (95% CI: 2.629–39.643, p = 0.001); BRAFV600E mutation status was not correlated with PD (p = 0.602), whether in the radioiodine avidity group (p = 1.000) or the non-radioiodine avidity group (p = 0.867). Similarly, BRAFV600E mutation status was not correlated with mortality; only loss of radioiodine avidity was the unfavorable factor associated with mortality in univariate analyses (p = 0.030).ConclusionPatients with LMs of PTC were more likely to lose radioiodine avidity when their primary tumor had positive BRAFV600E mutation; however, only radioiodine avidity and not BRAFV600E mutation status affected the clinical outcome of patients with lung metastatic PTC.
Do common infections trigger disease-onset or -severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency?
Authors: Krausz Máté , Mitsuiki Noriko , Falcone Valeria , Komp Johanna , Posadas-Cantera Sara , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Litzman Jiri , Wolff Daniel , Kanariou Maria , Heinkele Anita , Speckmann Carsten , Häcker Georg , Hengel Hartmut , Gámez-Díaz Laura , Grimbacher Bodo 
Published: November 2022

PurposeHeterozygous mutations in CTLA4 lead to an inborn error of immunity characterized by immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency, known as CTLA-4 insufficiency. Cohort studies on CTLA4 mutation carriers showed a reduced penetrance (around 70%) and variable disease expressivity, suggesting the presence of modifying factors. It is well studied that infections can trigger autoimmunity in humans, especially in combination with a genetic predisposition.MethodsTo investigate whether specific infections or the presence of specific persisting pathogens are associated with disease onset or severity in CTLA-4 insufficiency, we have examined the humoral immune response in 13 CTLA4 mutation carriers, seven without clinical manifestation and six with autoimmune manifestations, but without immunoglobulin replacement therapy against cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV 1/2), parvovirus B19 and Toxoplasma gondii. Additionally, we have measured FcγRIII/CD16A activation by EBV-specific IgG antibodies to examine the functional capabilities of immunoglobulins produced by CTLA4 mutation carriers.ResultsThe seroprevalence between affected and unaffected CTLA4 mutation carriers did not differ significantly for the examined pathogens. Additionally, we show here that CTLA4 mutation carriers produce EBV-specific IgG, which are unimpaired in activating FcγRIII/CD16A.ConclusionsOur results show that the investigated pathogens are very unlikely to trigger the disease onset in CTLA-4-insufficient individuals, and their prevalence is not correlated with disease severity or expressivity.
Salivary mental stress biomarkers in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Deneva Tanya , Ianakiev Youri , Boykinova Oliana 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health disorders and level of stress show a major increase compared to before the pandemic. Coronavirus-related stress is recently the leading cause of negative impacts on global mental health. Thus, maintaining positive mental health is as important as maintaining physical health during COVID-19. The aim of this study was to analyze salivary mental stress biomarkers as cortisol, alpha-amylase, and chromogranin A in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to compare their potential relationship with stress symptoms.Material and methodsA total of 80 adult hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19 disease and a control group (n = 80) randomly selected were conducted as participants. Saliva cortisol (sCort), saliva alpha-amylase (sAA), and saliva and chromogranin A (sCgA) were determined by the ELISA method (Bio Vendor, USA). Symptoms of stress were measured with a stress symptom checklist (SSCL).ResultsThe patients group presented significantly higher levels of sCort, sAA, and sCgA compared with the control group. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation with strong strength between sCort and sAA (r = 0.934, p &lt; 0.01), as well as sAA with sCgA (r = 0.714, p &lt; 0.01). A moderate positive correlation was found between sCort with sCgA (r = 0.618, p &lt; 0.05). Based on their stress scores from the SSCL the patients were associated with high stress level (30.00%) and very high stress levels (67.5%). In terms of the controls, all the participants showed a low to moderate stress level. We found significant positive correlation between levels of stress and salivary biomarkers.ConclusionData from our study demonstrated that salivary biomarkers are promising tools of exploring COVID-19 related stress.
Circulating soluble CD36 as a novel biomarker for progression and prognosis of HBV-related liver diseases
Authors: Cai Chunxian , Xiao Anhua , Luo Xiaoqing , Zheng Enze , Li Yiyu , Lei Yu , Zhong Shan , Chen Yaxi , Yang Ping , Tang Zhurong , Zhou Zhi 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundOur previous study suggested CD36 may be a positive regulator of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in vitro. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether circulating soluble CD36 (sCD36) could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HBV-related liver diseases based on the clinic collected data.MethodsA total of 282 subjects were divided into healthy controls (HC, n = 47), chronic hepatitis B (CHB, n = 68), HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC, n = 167). Soluble CD36 in plasma was measured by ELISA, and monocyte or platelet CD36 expression was determined by flow cytometry.ResultsThere was a step-wise increase of sCD36 with the progression of chronic HBV infection, and it was the highest in the HBV- LC group with liver failure (1.50, IQR:1.04–2.00) as compared with HC (0.38, IQR:0.27–0.38), CHB (0.75, IQR:0.40–1.13), and HBV-LC without liver failure (1.02, IQR,0.61–1.35) group. Circulating sCD36 was not correlated with serum HBV DNA levels, but correlated with liver function parameters. Additionally, ROC analysis confirmed sCD36 could be used to predict liver failure for HBV-LC patients, which yielded an AUC of 0.775 with 71.0% sensitivity and 72.2% specificity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed sCD36 is an independent risk factor in predicting liver failure. Moreover, plasma sCD36 in HBV-LC patients was significantly correlated with prognostic indices, including MELD, MELD-Na and CHILD-PUGH scores. On the other hand, CD36 expression on monocytes or platelets was positively correlated with plasma sCD36 levels, whereas they were not strongly associated with the disease severity.ConclusionCirculating sCD36 could be used as a novel noninvasive biomarker for predicting liver failure and prognosis in chronic HBV infected patients.
HIV-infected patients rarely develop invasive fungal diseases under good immune reconstitution after ART regardless high prevalence of pathogenic filamentous fungi carriage in nasopharynx/oropharynx
Authors: Chen Xiaoman , Cao Yi , Chen Meijun , Wang Haodi , Du Peishan , Li Hong , Zhong Huolin , Li Quanmin , Zhao Santao , Yao Zhenjiang , Chen Wanshan , Cai Weiping , Tang Xiaoping , Li Linghua 
Published: November 2022

PurposeWe aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of filamentous fungi (FF) carriage in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Guangdong province, along with its subsequent incidence of invasive fungal disease (IFD).MethodsSeven hundred and sixteen HIV-infected individuals from the outpatient clinic and 293 sex-matched healthy controls were recruited prospectively from May 1 to August 31, 2017. Fungi were isolated from oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs, then identified by morphological and molecular biological techniques. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of pathogenic FF carriage. Pathogenic FF carriers were followed up through the end of 2019.ResultsOf the 716 included HIV-infected patients, 602 (84.1%) were male, the median age was 34 (27–42) years, and the median CD4+ count was 385 (254–542) cells/μl. Pathogenic FF were isolated in 119 (16.6%) cases with HIV infection and 40 (13.7%) healthy controls. Mucorales were found in 3 HIV-infected individuals and Talaromyces marneffei in 2 HIV-infected individuals, but not in healthy controls. History of cured opportunistic infections (OIs; OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.23–3.13, p = 0.004), and smoking (OR, 1.55; 95%CI, 1.03–2.32, p = 0.035) were independent risk factors of pathogenic FF carriage in HIV-infected individuals. A total of 119 pathogenic FF carriers with HIV infection were followed. During follow-up, 119 (100%) cases received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 28 months, 107 (90%) cases had CD4+ counts&gt;200 cells/μl, and none developed IFD.DiscussionPathogenic FF carriage is common in HIV-infected individuals but may not develop IFD in those who achieved immune reconstitution. Smoking and cured OIs history increase the risk of pathogenic FF carriage. Smoking abstinence and ART adherence are especially important for these patients.
Effect of empagliflozin on cytoskeletal repair in the hippocampus of obese mice
Authors: Chen Xiaoyi , Ma Liang , Zhao Jingyu , Pan Xiaoyu , Chen Shuchun 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on hippocampal phosphorylated protein levels in obese mice.Materials and methodsSixteen obese mice successfully modeled on high-fat diet were randomly divided into high-fat feeding group (group H) and empagliflozin group (group H + empagliflozin, group E), eight mice in each group, and eight C57BL/6J male normal mice were selected as the control group (normal control, group C). Group E was treated with empagliflozin 10 mg/kg/d for 12 weeks, while mice in groups H and C were treated with equal amounts of saline. The spatial learning memory ability of the mice was determined by the Morris water maze experiment. Further, their body weights and serological indices were measured. Finally, total proteins were extracted from hippocampal tissues for functional analysis by the phosphorylated proteomics method.ResultsThe results showed that escape latency was prolonged, retention time in the target quadrant was shortened, and the number of loop penetrations was reduced in the obese mice induced by a high-calorie diet compared with normal controls, whereas escape latency was shortened, retention time in the target quadrant was increased, and the number of loop penetrations was increased after empagliflozin treatment. Phosphoproteomics in the high-fat/control (H/C), empagliflozin/high-fat (E/H), and E/C groups showed 844, 1,552, and 1,512 differentially significant phosphorylation sites, respectively. The proteins corresponding to these differentially phosphorylated sites were mainly involved in neurodegenerative pathways and actin cytoskeleton regulation. Notably, myosin heavy chain 10 (MYH10), p21 protein-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), phosphatidylinositol 3 -phosphate 5-kinase (PIKfyve), and other differentially phosphorylated proteins were involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation.ConclusionWe concluded that empagliflozin protects cognitive functions by inducing serine phosphorylation in MYH10, PAK4, and PIKfyve in the hippocampal tissue of obese mice.
A population-based cohort study for presence of ulceration among cutaneous malignant melanoma subgroups of patients
Authors: Li Xinrui , Li Zichao , Yi Xiaowei , Gao Xianchun , Yang Zhe , Huang Xingning , Ma Sijie , Ma Tianyuan , Deng Ziyi , Shang Lei , Jian Zhe 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundObservational studies suggest that ulceration is considered to be a negative prognostic factor for cutaneous melanoma. However, the impact of ulceration over different subgroups (e.g. AJCC Stage, thickness level) are controversial and its true causal effect on survival is lack of studies in the view of treating ulceration as an exposure.ObjectiveTo explore the true causal effect of ulceration on melanoma’s survival by adopting a combination of methods to discover proper adjustment set and confirming its correctness through a variety of means.MethodsA minimal sufficient adjustment set (MSAS) was found using directed acyclic graphs (DAG) to adjust the effect of causality. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to diagnose potential confounders in addition to MSAS. Cox models were built to analyze the causality in-depth and the model was validated using a novel method. Lastly, stratified effects of ulceration were examined to illustrate its impact within subgroups.ResultsHazard ratio (HR) of ulceration after adjustment by MSAS variables was 1.99 (95% CI=1.88-2.09). The sensitivity analysis of propensity score matching and E-value both demonstrated that variables other than MSAS do not have great influence on ulceration and MSS relationship. The HR of ulceration in AJCC Stage, thickness level, invasion level and tumor extension were all monotonically decreased from 5.76 to 1.57, 4.03 to 1.78, 2.75 to 1.78 and 2.65 to 1.71 respectively.ConclusionUlceration in all subgroups were shown to have a significantly negative impact on MSS and its magnitude of effect was monotonically decreased as the disease progressed. The true effect of ulceration can be adjusted by MSAS and its correctness was validated through a variety of approaches.