bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amplifying a Collective Voice
Authors: Wineinger Catherine N. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses on the experiences of three female Republican Conference leaders: Susan Molinari, Jennifer Dunn, and Cathy McMorris Rodgers. Through in-depth case studies, the chapter highlights similarities and differences in each woman’s pathway to office and gendered strategies and priorities. The chapter also shows how female Republican Conference leaders have operated as critical actors for women’s representation within their party. That is, they have attempted to use their positions of power to draw attention to Republican women’s institutional interests and priorities, despite their small numbers. In particular, the chapter demonstrates how personal, political, and institutional factors allowed Cathy McMorris Rodgers to leverage and perpetuate the existence of a partisan-gender identity among Republican women. Despite this, male party leaders continue to value Republican women primarily as loyal party messengers.
Risk Thinking and the Enduring Structure of Vicissitudes
Authors: Bandopadhyay Saptarishi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 offers a genealogy of risk thinking during the mid- to late eighteenth century and shows how the resulting instincts, rationalizations, and techniques continue to inform technocratic risk management today. Modern conceptions of risk emerged in European maritime insurance contracts designed to guard commercial investments against “chance.” Chapter 6 shows how merchants, gamblers, lawyers, and mathematicians, pursuing a variety of interests and compulsions, developed metrics for predicting natural hazards and human choices alike. In time, rulers and reformers used these insights to regulate human behavior and guide social reforms toward a “right” society. The move toward probabilistic risk assessment recoded European state formation politics. Commercial prosperity and security of rule were animated by objective, scientific calculations that produced “normal” characterizations of deviance, risk, resilience, and progress. Chapter 6 reveals the continuities between early modern risk management and the methods and imperatives of cost-benefit governance in our time.
Anti-Racist Metamorphoses in Du Bois’s Classical References
Authors: Withun David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
W. E. B. Du Bois’s increasing engagement with the ancient history of Africa and Africans in the classical world exemplifies a series of reversals of accepted interpretations. In addition to alluding to this history in his novels and essays, Du Bois published several monographs discussing Africa’s history. In these and other works, Du Bois uses the ancient history of Africa in relation to the classical history of the Mediterranean world to advance his argument for the intellectual and cultural equality of African people with Europeans. By positioning the classical period as a time before racism, by calling attention to the presence of Black people in Antiquity, and by subverting traditional interpretations of classical myths and ideas, Du Bois metamorphosed claims of white superiority that drew on the heritage of classical Greece and Rome into arguments against modern racism.
The History of the “Darker Peoples” of the World
Authors: Withun David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As W. E. B. Du Bois’s knowledge of the history of Africa increased, his engagement with the history of Africa shifted to an appreciation of African history on its own terms rather than merely in relation to the history of the classical civilizations of the ancient Mediterranean. Du Bois’s turn toward cosmopolitanism represents a turning point in the history of African American engagement with the classics. With Du Bois, African American thinkers began to turn away from a focus on the knowledge of Latin and Greek languages and literatures as well as attempts to associate modern African Americans with ancient Nilotic civilizations as a means of race vindication. Instead, Du Bois now turned toward a greater focus on the history of non-European peoples. In so doing, Du Bois presents these non-European civilizations as worthy of appreciation, thereby undermining ideas of racial inferiority.
Introduction
Authors: Arthur John W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe introduction contextualizes the four themes of health, economy, ritual, and technology related to beer. This chapter discusses how the processing of grains into beer by early brewers may have initiated early food production and state development. The author introduces how a serendipitous discovery that he made while conducting ethnoarchaeological research in southern Ethiopia led him to realize the importance of beer in past and present societies throughout the world. At the end of the chapter comes a description of each of the remaining chapters.
The Diversity of Beer Production
Authors: Arthur John W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChapter 2 surveys the past and present, revealing the diversity of beer production methods and ingredients. The array of production techniques, technologies, and ingredients indicates that brewers through the ages shared many production methods but also provided their own unique visions of beer. Over time and by region, technologies, gender roles, and ingredients have been constantly changing and in some regions ceased because of the adoption of new religions.
Africa
Authors: Arthur John W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChapter 4 focuses on African ancient and contemporary cultures. The chapter begins by examining how African grains were collected and processed before their domestication. After domestication, beers were produced along the Nile as part of the most iconic state societies. New archaeological evidence of Egyptian breweries suggests that the early Egyptian state organized beer production and over time household brewers controlled beer production. Beer’s long history in Africa continues today, with beer playing a critical part in today’s societies from South Africa to Nigeria to Ethiopia. The chapter also highlights the author’s own beer research in southern Ethiopia.
Introduction
Authors: Rahmani Masoumeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter lays the conceptual foundation for this book. It begins with an introduction to Goenka’s Vipassana movement, a description of a standard ten-day Vipassana course and the field site at which ethnographic research for this book was conducted. Next, the chapter introduces the participants involved in this research and provides an overview of some of their shared perspectives including their conception of categories such as religion and spirituality. Finally, the chapter reflects on the recent developments in conversion studies and situates this book within this field. Most notably, it includes a conception of conversion and outlines the linguistic approach I have adopted to achieve the objectives of this book.
Tacit Conversion
Authors: Rahmani Masoumeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of tacit conversion as an analytical framework for conceptualising the process of personal transformation and increased commitment to Goenka’s Vipassana movement. This chapter is based on a detailed examination of an old student’s language and his performance of the role of a Vipassana meditator. By paying attention to the content of speech, as well as other modalities of communication, including the inflections, tonalities, and the delivery of the narrative, the chapter illustrates that committed old students essentially perform a narrative that in many ways resemble what have been categorised as ‘conversion narratives’ in other traditions. This chapter also outlines several themes that are central to the participants’ experience of self-transformation such as self-acceptance, agency, and the mind-body relationship.
Pragmatic Leaving
Authors: Rahmani Masoumeh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the narratives of pragmatic leavers, which represent the accounts of those individuals who disengaged prior to developing commitment and therefore had minimum exposure to this movement. Because empirical studies on leaving religion are primarily built upon the experience of those individuals who leave a movement after long periods of intense devotion and commitment, this chapter prioritised a descriptive approach in order to adequately depict this phenomenon. It argues that pragmatic leavers are (to some extent) experience seekers, and their narrative plots were amenable to the types of meditative experiences they had. The chapter presents three interrelated themes that characterised the language of these disengagement narratives—(1) pragmatism, (2) dualistic discourse, and (3) ambivalence—and demonstrates how each narrative differs based on a particular dynamic between these features.
Watching National Policies Fail
Authors: Johansen Robert C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
US national security managers have not aligned US power wisely to meet desirable security goals. Their policies have undermined US security, sustainable peace, and international human rights. They have focused on maximizing US military power rather than constraining the role of military power for all states in the international system; maximizing economic gain for the wealthy rather than eliminating poverty and improving economic well-being for all; slowing multilateral initiatives for environmental protection, economic equity, and international economic integration; expressing indifference toward or opposition to multilateral legal and judicial processes aimed at deterring crimes and protecting human rights; and opposing initiatives in international lawmaking, enforcement, and more effective global governance. US policies have ignored possibilities for new constraints on nuclear weapons, drones, and other military technology and refused to strengthen multilateral institutions or to join the International Criminal Court even though these could have helped bridle some dangerous states and non-state actors.
Documentary’s Expanded Fields
Authors: Kim Jihoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This introduction offers readers a series of key concepts that run the gamut of this book. These include “documentary’s expanded fields,” which are inspired by the writings of Gene Youngblood and Rosalind E. Krauss, and the “twenty-first-century documentary,” an array of the nonstandardized documentary practices and artifacts that emerged during this period thanks to the digital technologies for production and postproduction of images and the nontheatrical experiential platforms, such as VR interfaces, the gallery, video-sharing services, and interactive websites. While contextualizing these nascent practices and artifacts within the sociocultural crises and the technological changes of the twenty-first century, the introduction also identifies five domains of the conventional documentary film that they refashion and transform, namely, “image,” “vision,” “dispositif,” “archive,” and “activism.”
Expanded Images
Authors: Kim Jihoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the expanded horizon of documentary images by investigating a wide array of nonfiction media practices that adopt digitally graphic images or employ digital postproduction techniques, theorizing what these images and techniques imply for the documentary image’s epistemological and rhetorical functions. Encompassing the cases of contemporary data visualizations, Forensic Architecture’s video documentations, and the experimental documentaries of James Benning and Sharon Lockhart, it argues that digital technologies for imaging and postproduction expand the traditional boundaries of what the documentary image is and does, by dismantling the existing hierarchies between the photographic and the graphic, between the lens-based and the manipulated, between the still and the moving images, and between factual records and investigative or revelatory approaches.
Expanded Dispositifs
Authors: Kim Jihoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Addressing the burgeoning of moving image installation works aimed to reinvent the forms and subjects of documentary cinema in the contemporary art scene of the twenty-first century, which has also been called the “documentary turn,” this theorizes how the gallery functions as a basis for expanding the apparatus of documentary cinema. Drawing on Francesco Casetti’s idea of “relocation” and Jacques Rancière’s “redistribution,” this chapter presents the concept of documentary’s “expanded dispositif.” It refers to the installations’ arrangement of heterogeneous technical and aesthetic elements, which results in the various moving image expressions that are linked to, but at the same time not totally identical to, the theater-based standardized documentary cinema. In order to explain the dual operation of these expressions, this chapter examines documentary installations by Ben Rivers, Steve McQueen, John Akomfrah, Isaac Julien, Chantal Akerman, Amar Kanwar, etc.
Introduction
Authors: Winter Tim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains why we need to examine the Silk Road more critically and carefully and why it matters as a narrative of history. It offers an overview of the key forces and events that led to the Silk Road becoming so popular around the world over the course of the twentieth century. It also explains why so much confusion surrounds the term today and how it has emerged as a domain of scholarship, of popular culture, of government and international policy, of branding and marketing, and as a tool for future-making, diplomacy, peace, and cultural governance. Finally, the chapter outlines geocultural theory and its role in analyzing the Silk Road.
Frontiers of Antiquity
Authors: Winter Tim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Here the book turns to the scholar explorers who traveled across Central Asia in search of artifacts and evidence of historical settlement in the decades running up to World War I. The chapter argues that interpretations of the region’s history were in part shaped by the geopolitical circumstances of the period, namely the Great Game. Today, the Silk Road is commonly depicted as an apolitical history of transmission and dialogue between East and West, Asia and Europe, but we learn here that below the surface lie ideas about the geographical reach of civilizations and claims about the “roots” of modern European and Asian societies.
Silk Road Futures
Authors: Winter Tim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The final chapter returns to questions and issues raised in the Introduction, namely the role and value of the Silk Road as a narrative of history and as a framework for cultivating forms of cultural internationalism in the twenty-first century. The discussion integrates various themes raised over the course of the book and speaks to the future of the Silk Road in relation to China’s seeming long-term investment in the term. The chapter asks whether Eurocentric histories of premodern pasts are now being overlaid with Sinocentric depictions. It also reflects on China’s geopolitical and geo-economic ambitions relative to its commitment to Silk Road internationalism. Together then, these two themes attempt to signal likely ways the Silk Roads will hold significance in the future and why this demands a more sustained conversation about how they should be discussed and studied by scholars.
Moral Limitations in IP Theory
Authors: Snow Ned 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter argues that the three theories which underlie the system of intellectual property imply that specific moral values limit the scope of protectable subject matter. The economic theory, the labor-desert theory, and the autonomy-personality theory each impose certain moral limitations. Specifically, the economic theory implies that the law should not incentivize creations that result in a net harm to society; the labor-desert theory implies that the law should not reward creators whose intellectual works harm life, health, liberty, or property of another; and the autonomy-personality theory implies that the law should not recognize rights in works that inhibit another’s exercise of autonomy or personality. In examining these theories and their moral values, this chapter does not address specific issues of application.
Free Speech
Authors: Snow Ned 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers whether denying patent or copyright protection on moral grounds is inconsistent with doctrines of free speech. The chapter first examines whether moral denials of patent or copyright protection constitute a government restriction of private speech. For patent, it concludes that moral denials would not be such a restriction. The denial of patent protection likely reflects the government’s choice to selectively adopt private speech as its own, and even if not, the denials should be viewed as permissible regulations of conduct that only incidentally affect speech. By contrast, this chapter concludes that for copyright, moral denials of protection would restrict authors’ private speech. Consequently, the chapter further examines whether an exceptional doctrine in free speech law might excuse moral denials of copyright protection. The chapter posits that the limited-public-forum doctrine may excuse such denials, but only if the denial is viewpoint neutral, which imposes a severe speech restriction.
A Killer Wit
Authors: Dobrenko Evgeny , Jonsson-Skradol Natalia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this chapter the comic is examined as an element of the ritual of terror. Its central claim is that contrary to the seemingly obvious lawlessness of Stalinist rule, Stalinism was a triumph of law taken to the extreme. Jokes in the legal proceedings during the purges of the 1930s (in particular the party plenum of February–March 1937 where Nikolai Bukharin was interrogated pre-trial), Stalin’s speeches from the time, and the Short Course of the History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) are analyzed as elements of a special kind of training in the formation of the ideologically correct view of the world. Special attention is paid to the construction of image of the enemy.
Stokvels
Authors: Armstrong Ann 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Stokvels are the South African rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs). Stovkvels aim to empower rural Black women whose economic lives are often precarious, and who have a hard time accessing formal capital from banks. The historical experience of apartheid has made the use of Stokvels essential to life for many South Africans. Stokvels are ROSCAs or banking cooperatives carried out informally by members who know one another for mutual benefit. The chapter gives a brief snapshot of the issues prevailing in modern-day South Africa. It also presents the role and the significance of its small, medium-, and micro-enterprise (SMME) sector. The author documents the challenges South Africans face, particularly Black women, who have traditionally been marginalized socially and excluded economically. It is argued that Stokvels promotes social justice in South Africa for women with their range and variety as they are communal financial enterprises benefitting both the individual and the community. This work draws on community - economies ideas, as well as literature from South Africa, to locate the need for Black South Africans to use alternative banks to meet their needs. The chapter concludes by examining how Stokvels—and their billions of rand—might be mobilized to create a more humane and collective economy.
Arisan
Authors: Haryani Ririn , Dombroski Kelly 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Arisan is an Indonesian economic practice which has been in existence for hundreds of years, and is believed to have been brought to Indonesia by Chinese merchants interacting with the Orang Asli Indigenous people. It has primarily been a financing and social activity for women. The rules of the practice are that each member of the group puts in the same amount of money each at meeting, and each member gets one turn “winning” the collective sum. The round is finished when everyone has received the money. As a part of a set of traditional practices of helping each other (gotong royong), the Arisan member may ask the round winner to swap their turn in any emergency situation, so he/she can access the money without any interest paid. While anthropologist Clifford Geertz describes Arisan as a middle rung in an economy moving from traditional to capitalist, we argue it continues to provide valuable financial support to women in contemporary times. It is also a platform for women in the community to meet, to share concerns and thoughts, and to care for each other. This chapter, through interviews with women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, aims to show women’s continuing contributions to an economy of care through Arisan, and the contribution of Arisan to alternative economies beyond capitalist markets and development programs. Arisan does this by enabling and preserving different forms of economic subjectivity beyond that of the “rational economic man,” performing caring, relational, and collective economic subjects.
Fabrication and evaluation of a BMP-2/dexamethasone co-loaded gelatin sponge scaffold for rapid bone regeneration
Authors: Gan Qi , Pan Hao , Zhang Wenjing , Yuan Yuan , Qian Jiangchao , Liu Changsheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImproving the osteogenic activity of BMP-2 in vivo has significant clinical application value. In this research, we use a clinical gelatin sponge scaffold loaded with BMP-2 and dexamethasone (Dex) to evaluate the osteogenic activity of dual drugs via ectopic osteogenesis in vivo. We also investigate the mechanism of osteogenesis induced by BMP-2 and Dex with C2C12, a multipotent muscle-derived progenitor cell. The results show that the gelatin scaffold with Dex and BMP-2 can significantly accelerate osteogenesis in vivo. It is indicated that compared with the BMP-2 or Dex alone, 100 nM of Dex can dramatically enhance the BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), ALP mRNA expression and mineralization. Further studies show that 100 nM of Dex can maintain the secondary structure of BMP-2 and facilitate recognition of BMP-2 with its receptors on the surface of C2C12 cells. We also find that in C2C12, Dex has no obvious effect on the BMP-2-induced Smad1/5/8 protein expression and the STAT3-dependent pathway, but Runx2-dependent pathway is involved in the Dex-stimulated osteoblast differentiation of BMP-2 both in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, a potential mechanism model about the synergistic osteoinductive effect of Dex and BMP-2 in C2C12 cells via Runx2 activation is proposed. This may provide a theoretical basis for the pre-clinical application of Dex and BMP-2 for bone regeneration.