bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The brain during life and in adjudicating death: Reduced brain identity of persons as a critique of the neurological criteria of death
Authors: Lee Joseph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe determination of death by neurological criteria (brain death) is practiced in at least 80 countries, though it is a matter of continuing controversy. At the same time, the brain is central to human life, thinking, and behavior; however, a growing “neurocentrism” or a brain‐focused image of human identity became established in most Western and in many non‐Western societies and acts as a forceful ideology. This paper seeks a broader theoretical and sociocultural basis to approaching death bioethically by analyzing criticisms aimed at a neurologically focussed vision of human life, and then turning these towards the brain death criteria exposed to the criticism. The overall critique of the “neuro‐self” has scope to offer alternative perspectives to the contested issues in brain‐death criteria. Specifically, the paper examines two major shortcomings of a narrow brain view of life and culture. First, it considers the reduction of the individual to the brain: this is the crux of the neurological way of determining death, and is a way that is seemingly context‐independent and culturally neutral. Second, it considers how dimensions of society and culture for humans are detached from the brain and have little impact on clinical practice and thinking in brain‐death criteria; however, a deeper exploration reveals that they actually have direct relevance and that social and cultural factors have greater contributions to make to the current debates.
An intrapartum calculator for predicting cesarean birth due to dystocia: Preliminary findings from a single‐center study in Korea
Authors: Yang YunSeok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious calculators based on antepartum or pre‐labor factors preclude intrapartum counseling. We aimed to develop a reliable, programmable, intrapartum calculator to predict the risk of cesarean birth (CB) due to dystocia and to increase the discriminatory accuracy of the predictive model.MethodsData were obtained retrospectively for 1326 singleton term deliveries with cephalic presentation. Two predictive multivariable logistic regression analysis models were constructed using pre‐active labor variables alone (model A) or with active labor variables (model B). The discriminatory accuracies and goodness‐of‐fit of the models were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves or −2log‐likelihood ratios, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC), respectively. Both models were internally validated using a bootstrapping procedure.ResultsModel A yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.859 and adequate goodness of fit (P = 0.970). Model B yielded a significantly higher AUC of 0.887 and adequate goodness of fit (P = 0.624), as well as a significantly lower AIC and BIC (P < 0.001). Internal validation revealed a minimal optimism of 0.0070491 and 0.0068976 for models A and B, respectively. Finally, the logistic regression equations were converted into programmable calculators to yield easy‐to‐understand basic (model A) and additional intrapartum CB calculators (model B).ConclusionsThe programmable calculators developed herein can augment intrapartum counseling. Our findings suggest that the risk of CB due to dystocia during labor should be estimated using a calculator that corresponds to labor progression. Further studies should explore external validation of these statistical models before translation to a clinical setting.
A universal pharmacy: Possible self‐medication using tree balsam by multiple Atlantic Forest mammals
Authors: Kaisin Olivier , Rocha Fernanda Corrêa , Amaral Rodrigo Gonçalves , Bufalo Felipe , Sabino Gabriel Pavan , Culot Laurence 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present camera trap evidence of 10 Atlantic Forest mammals fur‐rubbing, licking, or biting balsam from cabreúvas (Myroxylon peruiferum, Fabaceae), native trees used in traditional medicine for their prophylactic and therapeutic virtues. Given the antiparasitic properties of cabreúvas, mammals may be using the balsam as topical self‐medication to repel ectoparasites.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Unilateral ulcerations on the forehead and scalp
Authors: Tormo-Mainar Sara , Pesqué David , Olmos-Alpiste Ferran , Deza Gustavo , March-Rodriguez Alvaro , Pujol Ramon M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe describe a patient with unilateral ulcerations on the forehead and scalp, occurring 3 months after herpes zoster infection. Further investigations were unremarkable. Histology showed epidermal and upper dermal ulceration associated with a mild nonspecific dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphoid cells and histiocytes.
Outcome measures and methods of assessment of soft‐tissue augmentation interventions in the context of dental implant therapy: A systematic review of clinical studies published in the last 10 years
Authors: Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Pirc Miha , Chambrone Leandro , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to identify and report outcome measures and methods of assessment on soft‐tissue augmentation interventions in the context of dental implant therapy reported in clinical studies published in the last 10 years.Material and MethodsThe protocol of this PRISMA 2020‐compliant systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021252214). A literature search was conducted to identify articles that met the pre‐established eligibility criteria. Data of interest, with an emphasis on outcome measures, were extracted. For each outcome, specific methods and timing of assessment were described in detail. Following a critical qualitative analysis of the data, outcome measures were categorized. Primary outcomes were identified and the frequency of reporting in the selected articles was calculated. Additionally, risk of bias assessments were performed for individual articles and primary outcomes.ResultsNinety‐two articles, of which 39 reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 20 reported non‐RCTs, and 33 reported case series studies, were selected. Outcome measures were categorized into either investigator‐evaluated outcome measures (i.e., clinical, digital imaging, esthetic, histologic, biomarker, and safety) or patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). Clinical outcomes were the most frequently reported type of outcome. Considering all categories, the most frequently reported primary outcomes were facial mucosa thickness assessed with clinical methods (22.83%), facial keratinized mucosa width assessed with clinical methods (19.57%), facial mucosal margin position/recession assessed with clinical methods (18.48%), facial mucosa thickness assessed with digital imaging methods (11.96%), facial soft‐tissue volume assessed with digital imaging methods (9.78%), and supracrestal tissue height assessed with clinical methods (9.78%). No distinguishable patterns of association between specific types or quality (level of bias) of clinical studies and the choice of primary outcomes were observed.ConclusionClinical research on peri‐implant soft‐tissue augmentation has progressively increased in the last 10 years. Although clinical outcome measures were the most frequently reported outcomes in the selected literature, trends in the field are indicative of a shift from traditional clinical assessment methods to the use of digital technologies. PROMs were generally underreported but should be considered an integral methodological component in future clinical studies.
The impact of experience on recurrence rates after biopsy punch excision for pilonidal disease
Authors: Basso Luigi , Pietroletti Renato , Micarelli Alessandro , Bicaj Agreta , Costi Umberto , Crocetti Daniele , D'Ermo Giuseppe , Gallo Gaetano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWe present the outcomes and the recurrences of 848 patients with pilonidal disease (PD) treated by biopsy punch excision (BPE) and we weigh our results against progressively obtained operative experience. BPE is a modified ‘merged’ version of both the Bascom ‘pit picking’ procedure and the Gips procedure. It employs biopsy punches of different calibre, depending on whether treatment is in the natal cleft (calibre as small as possible) or lateral (larger calibre punches or even small incision). Sometimes this procedure is referred to as the Bascom–Gips procedure.MethodsIn all, 848 consecutive patients with PD were treated from January 2011 until December 2016 (sex 622 [73.4%] men and 226 [26.6%] women; median age 26.2 years, mean age 24.6 ± 28.99 [range 14–55] years, men 25.1 years, women 24.8 years). Of these 848 patients, 287 were operated in 2011–2012, 301 in 2013–2014 and 260 in 2015–2016. The recurrence rates were recorded 12, 24 and 60 months after surgery both cumulatively and by examining the outcomes of the three biennia individually (years of treatment 2011–2012 or group A, 2013–2014 or group B, 2015–2016 or group C).ResultsThe mean operating time was 34 ± 24.45 min. Postoperative complications included early (<24 h; n = 22 or 2.6%) and delayed (>24 h; n = 26 or 3.1%) postoperative bleeding. Postoperative fluid collections (<2 weeks) occurred in 83/848 patients (9.8%) and included haematoma (n = 25) and seroma (n = 58). Full recovery was obtained after a mean of 21 ± 12.72 days and work/school/university activities were resumed after a mean of 4 ± 12.02 days. Twelve‐, 24‐ and 60‐month follow‐ups were possible in 725 (85.5%), 682 (80.4%) and 595 (70.2%) patients out of 848. An overall significant (ꭓ2 = 16.87, P = 0.0002) difference was found in the recurrence rates: 59 recurrences/725 patients (or 8.1%) after 1 year, 89 recurrences/682 patients (or 13.0%) after 2 years and 98 recurrences/595 (or 16.4%) after 5 years. However, when subgrouping patients in three 24‐month subsets, the recurrence rates showed a steady and progressive decrease in the three biennia 2011–2012 (group A), 2013–2014 (group B) and 2015–2016 (group C) at 12‐, 48‐ and 60‐month follow‐ups. Recurrences after 12 months were 29/225 (12.9%), 19/285 (6.7%) and 11/215 (5.1%) (ꭓ2 = 8.53, P = 0.014) in groups A, B and C respectively; after 24 months, 36/226 (15.9%), 31/242 (12.8%) and 22/214 (10.2%) (ꭓ2 = 2.38, P = 0.30 N.S.) in groups A, B and C respectively; after 60 months, 38/194 (19.5%), 36/215 (16.7%) and 24/186 (12.9%) (ꭓ2 = 2.23, P = 0.32) in groups A, B and C respectively.ConclusionsBPE is an effective, disease‐targeted, minimally invasive and inexpensive way to treat PD. Its results are influenced by the experience of the team involved, especially regarding early recurrences/failure of surgery. At least 5‐year follow‐ups are needed to ascertain the outcome of surgery for PD.
Has the Belt and Road Initiative Improved the Quality of Food Imported by Chinese Enterprises?
Authors: Zhou Kexuan , Kumar Sanjay , Lu Futao , Fang Qiaoyun , Yu Linhui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing micro‐level data from 2009–2015 and the difference‐in‐difference method, this paper empirically examines the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on the quality of food imported by Chinese enterprises from BRI countries. Our baseline results show that the BRI significantly improved the quality of food imported from these countries. Further investigation reveals that trade patterns, ownership types, import regions, transportation methods, and product quality show significant heterogeneous effects in influencing the quality of imported food. A mechanism analysis indicates that the BRI improves the quality of imported food through three main channels: import trade environment enhancement, competition effect, and consumption upgrading, with the competition effect having the largest impact compared with the other two channels. Our findings suggest that China should not only improve the infrastructure in BRI countries but also use the BRI as an opportunity to enhance the level of cooperation with BRI countries and maintain stability and sustainability in cooperation with them.
Unexpected finding after aortic arch operation: a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm – Who is the culprit?
Authors: Denman Emily , Marvaki Apostolia , Huang Marilou , Lamas Sergio , Harrison James , Ammar Thoraya , Deshpande Ranjit , Monaghan Mark J , Papachristidis Alexandros 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a case of a 61‐year‐old female who, after undergoing frozen elephant trunk surgery, was found to have an unexpected left ventricular pseudoaneurysm on transthoracic echocardiogram. The pseudoaneurysm was caused by the left ventricular vent catheter constantly impinging the LV wall of the beating heart during surgery. Contrast echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) imaging confirmed the diagnosis and served for follow‐up demonstrating the narrow neck and outpouching structure on the apical lateral wall. The patient remains asymptomatic two years after the operation and is being followed up with echocardiography and CT imaging.
Aprotinin treatment against SARS‐CoV‐2: A randomized phase III study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a pan‐protease inhibitor for moderate COVID‐19
Authors: Redondo‐Calvo Francisco Javier , Padín Juan Fernando , Muñoz‐Rodríguez José Ramón , Serrano‐Oviedo Leticia , López‐Juárez Pilar , Porras Leal María Lourdes , González Gasca Francisco Javier , Rodríguez Martínez Marta , Pérez Serrano Raúl , Sánchez Cadena Abraham , Bejarano‐Ramírez Natalia , Muñoz Hornero Constanza , Barberá Farré José Ramón , Domínguez‐Quesada Inmaculada , Sepúlveda Berrocal María A. , Villegas Fernández‐Infantes María  Dolores , Manrique Romo María Isabel , Parra Comino Ángel , Pérez‐Ortiz José Manuel , Gómez‐Romero Francisco Javier ,   ATAC team
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSARS‐CoV‐2 virus requires host proteases to cleave its spike protein to bind to its ACE2 target through a two‐step furin‐mediated entry mechanism. Aprotinin is a broad‐spectrum protease inhibitor that has been employed as antiviral drug for other human respiratory viruses. Also, it has important anti‐inflammatory properties for inhibiting the innate immunity contact system.MethodsThis was a multicentre, double‐blind, randomized trial performed in four Spanish hospitals comparing standard treatment versus standard treatment + aprotinin for patients with COVID‐19 between 20 May 2020 and 20 October 2021. The primary efficacy outcomes were length of hospital stay and ICU admission. The secondary endpoints were each of the primary efficacy outcomes and a composite of oxygen therapy, analytical parameters and death. Safety outcomes included adverse reactions to treatment during a 30‐day follow‐up period. Treatment was given for 11 days or till discharge.ResultsWith almost identical analytical profiles, significant differences were observed in treatment time, which was 2 days lower in the aprotinin group (p = .002), and length of hospital admission, which was 5 days shorter in the aprotinin group (p = .003). The incidence of discharge was 2.19 times higher (HR: 2.188 [1.182–4.047]) in the aprotinin group than in the placebo group (p = .013). In addition, the aprotinin‐treated group required less oxygen therapy and had no adverse reactions or side effects.ConclusionInhaled aprotinin may improve standard treatment and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, resulting in a shorter treatment time and hospitalization compared with the placebo group. The administration of aprotinin was safe.
A possibility of error‐related processing contamination in the No‐go N2: The effect of partial‐error trials on response inhibition processing
Authors: Maruo Yuya , Masaki Hiroaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated whether error‐related negativity (ERN) elicited by partial errors and No‐go N2 represent distinct or similar components. We also investigated whether the error positivity (Pe) and No‐go P3 represent distinct or similar components. Partial‐error trials are behaviourally classified as correct trials but preceded by covert muscular activities. Recent studies have reported that analysing partial‐error trials is useful for investigating the functional roles of ERN and No‐go N2. In this study, 23 participants performed a Go/No‐go flanker task. They performed nine blocks of 60 trials each. Stimulus‐locked event‐related potentials (ERPs) were averaged separately for Go‐congruent pure‐correct trials, Go‐incongruent pure‐correct trials and No‐go pure‐correct trials. In addition, we compared the stimulus‐locked ERPs among No‐go pure‐correct trials, No‐go partial‐error trials, Go‐incongruent pure‐correct trials and Go‐incongruent partial‐error trials. Electromyogram (EMG)‐locked ERPs were averaged separately for correct trials, overt errors in No‐go trials, partial errors in No‐go trials, overt errors in incongruent trials and partial errors in incongruent trials. N2 was remarkably larger in No‐go partial‐error trials than in No‐go pure‐correct trials. Consistent with previous findings, the No‐go partial‐error N2 might reflect error‐related processing. P3 amplitudes were larger in the No‐go trials than in both the Go‐congruent and Go‐incongruent trials. These results suggest that the No‐go P3, but not the No‐go N2, might reflect inhibition of overt movement. The present findings provide further evidence that the previously reported increase in No‐go N2 may be due to an overlap of the ERN elicited by partial errors.
Using magnetic resonance fingerprinting to characterize periventricular nodular heterotopias in pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Authors: Choi Joon Yul , Krishnan Balu , Hu Siyuan , Martinez David , Tang Yinging , Wang Xiaofeng , Sakaie Ken , Jones Stephen , Murakami Hiroatsu , Blümcke Ingmar , Najm Imad , Ma Dan , Wang Zhong Irene 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to use a novel magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) technique to examine in vivo tissue property characteristics of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH). These characteristics were further correlated with stereotactic‐electroencephalographic (SEEG) ictal onset findings.MethodsWe included five patients with PVNH who had SEEG‐guided surgery and at least 1 year of seizure freedom or substantial seizure reduction. High‐resolution MRF scans were acquired at 3 T, generating three‐dimensional quantitative T1 and T2 maps. We assessed the differences between T1 and T2 values from the voxels in the nodules located in the SEEG‐defined seizure onset zone (SOZ) and non‐SOZ, on ‐individual and group levels. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to obtain the optimal classification performance. Quantification of SEEG ictal onset signals from the nodules was performed by calculating power spectrum density (PSD). The association between PSD and T1/T2 values was further assessed at different frequency bands.ResultsIndividual‐level analysis showed T1 was significantly higher in SOZ voxels than non‐SOZ voxels (p < .05), with an average 73% classification accuracy. Group‐level analysis also showed higher T1 was significantly associated with SOZ voxels (p < .001). At the optimal cutoff (normalized T1 of 1.1), a 76% accuracy for classifying SOZ nodules from non‐SOZ nodules was achieved. T1 values were significantly associated with ictal onset PSD at the ultraslow, θ, β, γ, and ripple bands (p < .05). T2 values were significantly associated with PSD only at the ultraslow band (p < .05).SignificanceQuantitative MRF measures, especially T1, can provide additional noninvasive information to separate nodules in SOZ and non‐SOZ. The T1 and T2 tissue property changes carry electrophysiological underpinnings relevant to the epilepsy, as shown by their significant positive associations with power changes during the SEEG seizure onset. The use of MRF as a supplementary noninvasive tool may improve presurgical evaluation for patients with PVNH and pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Tobacco smoking and binge alcohol use are associated with incident venous thromboembolism in an HIV cohort
Authors: Luu Brandon , Ruderman Stephanie , Nance Robin , Delaney Joseph A. C. , Ma Jimmy , Hahn Andrew , Heckbert Susan R. , Budoff Matthew J. , Crothers Kristina , Mathews William C. , Christopolous Katerina , Hunt Peter W. , Eron Joseph , Moore Richard , Keruly Jeanne , Lober William B. , Burkholder Greer A. , Willig Amanda , Chander Geetanjali , McCaul Mary E. , Cropsey Karen , O'Cleirigh Conall , Peter Inga , Feinstein Matthew , Tsui Judith I. , Lindstroem Sara , Saag Michael , Kitahata Mari M. , Crane Heidi M. , Drumright Lydia N. , Whitney Bridget M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of cardiovascular comorbidities and substance use is a potential predisposing factor. We evaluated associations of tobacco smoking and alcohol use with venous thromboembolism (VTE) in PWH.MethodsWe assessed incident, centrally adjudicated VTE among 12 957 PWH within the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort between January 2009 and December 2018. Using separate Cox proportional hazards models, we evaluated associations of time‐updated alcohol and cigarette use with VTE, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Smoking was evaluated as pack‐years and never, former, or current use with current cigarettes per day. Alcohol use was parameterized using categorical and continuous alcohol use score, frequency of use, and binge frequency.ResultsDuring a median of 3.6 years of follow‐up, 213 PWH developed a VTE. One‐third of PWH reported binge drinking and 40% reported currently smoking. In adjusted analyses, risk of VTE was increased among both current (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.02–2.03) and former (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.99–2.07) smokers compared to PWH who never smoked. Additionally, total pack‐years among ever‐smokers (HR: 1.10 per 5 pack‐years; 95% CI: 1.03–1.18) was associated with incident VTE in a dose‐dependent manner. Frequency of binge drinking was associated with incident VTE (HR: 1.30 per 7 days/month, 95% CI: 1.11–1.52); however, alcohol use frequency was not. Severity of alcohol use was not significantly associated with VTE.ConclusionsCurrent smoking and pack‐year smoking history were dose‐dependently associated with incident VTE among PWH in CNICS. Binge drinking was also associated with VTE. Interventions for smoking and binge drinking may decrease VTE risk among PWH.