bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact-dependent, polarized acidification response during neutrophil–epithelial interactions
Authors: Cartwright Ian M , Dowdell Alexander S , Hanson Camila , Kostelecky Rachael E , Welch Nichole , Steiner Calen A , Colgan Sean P 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeutrophil (PMN) infiltration during active inflammation imprints changes in the local tissue environment. Such responses are often accompanied by significant extracellular acidosis that result in predictable transcriptional responses. In this study, we explore the mechanisms involved in inflammatory acidification as a result of PMN–intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) interactions. Using recently developed tools, we revealed that PMN transepithelial migration (TEM)-associated inflammatory acidosis is dependent on the total number of PMNs present during TEM and is polarized toward the apical surface. Extending these studies, we demonstrate that physical separation of the PMNs and IECs prevented acidification, whereas inhibition of PMN TEM using neutralizing antibodies enhanced extracellular acidification. Utilizing pharmaceutical inhibitors, we demonstrate that the acidification response is independent of myeloperoxidase and dependent on reactive oxygen species generated during PMN TEM. In conclusion, inflammatory acidosis represents a polarized PMN–IEC-dependent response by an as yet to be fully determined mechanism.
Impact of malnutrition on clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID‐19
Authors: Ponce Jana , Anzalone Alfred Jerrod , Bailey Kristina , Sayles Harlan , Timmerman Megan , Jackson Mariah , McClay James , Hanson Corrine ,   National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Consortium
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is now the third leading cause of death in the United States. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients increases risk of complications. However, the effect of malnutrition on outcomes in patients infected is unclear. This study aims to identify the impact of malnutrition on mortality and adverse hospital events in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.MethodsThis study used data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a COVID‐19 repository containing harmonized, longitudinal electronic health record data from US health systems. Malnutrition was categorized into three groups based on condition diagnosis: (1) none documented, (2) history of malnutrition, and (3) hospital‐acquired malnutrition. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine whether malnutrition was associated with mortality and adverse events, including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and hospital‐acquired pressure injury, in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.ResultsOf 343,188 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, 11,206 had a history of malnutrition and 15,711 had hospital‐acquired malnutrition. After adjustment for potential confounders, odds of mortality were significantly higher in patients with a history of malnutrition (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–1.79; P < 0.001) and hospital‐acquired malnutrition (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.4–2.6; P < 0.001). Adjusted odds of adverse hospital events were also significantly elevated in both malnutrition groups.ConclusionsResults indicate the risk of mortality and adverse inpatient events in adults with COVID‐19 is significantly higher in patients with malnutrition. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition could be a key component in improving outcomes in these patients.
Identifying molecular functional groups of organic compounds by deep learning of NMR data
Authors: Li Chongcan , Cong Yong , Deng Weihua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe preprocess the raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum and extract key features by using two different methodologies, called equidistant sampling and peak sampling for subsequent substructure pattern recognition. We also provide a strategy to address the imbalance issue frequently encountered in statistical modeling of NMR data set and establish two conventional support vector machine (SVM) and K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) models to assess the capability of two feature selections, respectively. Our results in this study show that the models using the selected features of peak sampling outperform those using equidistant sampling. Then we build the recurrent neural network (RNN) model trained by data collected from peak sampling. Furthermore, we illustrate the easier optimization of hyperparameters and the better generalization ability of the RNN deep learning model by detailed comparison with traditional machine learning SVM and KNN models.
Towards fluid force estimation of a water‐jetting aerial robot with hybrid kinematics‐force model
Authors: Lee Shawndy M. , Ng Wei H. , Tang Emmanuel , Foong Shaohui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a three‐dimensional hybrid kinematics‐force (HKF) model for fluid force estimation coupled with position optimization of an aerial robot capable of high‐pressure fluid ejection is presented. Motivated by the archerfish's unique (water‐jetting) hunting mechanics, the HKF model comprises of two sub‐models (hybrid kinematics and fluid force estimation) to maintain a specific fluid force at the point‐of‐contact (POC) during high altitude fluid jetting for high‐risk maintenance (cleaning) scenarios. Industries with high‐risk cleaning applications seek to employ robots to assist cleaners in routine operations on infrastructures or equipment at a height such as photovoltaic e‐glasses, impact‐sensitive objects, and many others. For a fluid jet, the stand‐off distance represents the length of the fluid trajectory between the nozzle orifice and POC, and is also a vital variable in fluid force control. If the stand‐off distance between the ejection source and the target is large, the fluid stream loses energy along the trajectory and the force at the POC is weakened thus losing some of the jet pressure at the target surface. The HKF model exploits this by estimating and maintaining a specific force at the POC through position optimization of the onboard nozzle coupled with the knowledge of the fluid parameters. To innovate high structure cleaning, the HKF model can be employed on an aerial robot with fluid ejection capabilities for accurate fluid force control at the POC. For high‐pressure fluid ejection (on horizontal and vertical structures), the HKF model is able to predict the (high pressure) fluid force at the POC with less than 10% error. The proposed HKF model is tested and verified through simulations and the experimentation results are validated by flying the physical prototypes in actual deployment scenarios.
Role of international strategic alliances in internationalization of business group affiliated firms—A system dynamics approach
Authors: Mishra Divya , Mital Amita , Srivastava Samir K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInterest in business groups (BGs) and international strategic alliances (ISAs) has been of interest in recent times for both academics and practice. However, there are scant studies on the interface of ISAs of BGs and their internationalization performance. This study aims to explore the role of ISAs in the internationalization of BG affiliated firms (BGAFs) by taking a system dynamics approach. The paper explores how different configurations of ISA (motive, scope, structure, orientation and partner) and BG characteristics (diversity, ownership heterogeneity and resource endowment) impact the degree of internationalization (DOI) and financial performance of firms. The model was validated on 17 BGAFs across 8 diverse industrial sectors, subsequent to simulation studies of 60 variables manifesting in 6336 ISAs formed by 405 BGAFs and 440 Non‐BGAFs. Our findings suggest a curvilinear relationship between DOI and financial performance of BGAFs.
Distance sampling survey effort to improve density estimates of northern bobwhite
Authors: Montalvo Andrea , Brennan Leonard A. , Morrison Michael L. , Grahmann Eric D. , Tri Andrew N. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDistance sampling from aerial platforms can provide researchers with precise and efficient density estimates for wildlife populations, particularly over large areas. The intensity of the distance sampling survey depends on the survey effort. Effort can be referred to as coverage, where transect spacing is determined by the observer's sightability distance of the object or animal. Managers and researchers in Texas often use helicopters to survey and collect data for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) density estimates. For bobwhites, 100% coverage represents transect spacing of 200 m, assuming observers can cover out to 100 m on either side of the transects. Often surveys are conducted at 50% coverage or 400 m spacing to reduce cost. Still, the implications of lowering survey effort on the precision of density estimates are unknown, particularly in coverage prescriptions. We flew 2,641 km of line transects each December from 2014 to 2017 and detected 2,333 bobwhite coveys across 7,648 ha of rangeland on the San Antonio Viejo Ranch in Jim Hogg County, TX, USA. We conducted line‐transect distance sampling from a helicopter platform at 50 and 100% coverage and simulated results at coverage <50% using empirical data. Based on the results of simulated surveys at <100% coverage, surveying for bobwhites using helicopters with less than 50% coverage results in variable density estimates (wide 95% confidence intervals) and low precision (coefficient of variation >20%). Empirical surveys conducted at 50 and 100% coverage show little variation in density estimates between the 2 levels of coverage. However, when broken into substrata (areas less than ~1,000 ha), conducting surveys at 50% coverage resulted in <60 detections, which led to low precision in density estimates (coefficient of variation >20%). Our results are based on surveys conducted at the juncture of the Coastal Sand Sheet and Tamaulipan Thorn Scrub ecoregions in south Texas and need to be evaluated in other arid and semi‐arid rangeland systems.
From infection to repair: Understanding the workings of our innate immune cells
Authors: Mawhinney Martin , Kulle Amelia , Thanabalasuriar Ajitha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn a world filled with microbes, some posing a threat to our body, our immune system is key to living a healthy life. The innate immune system is made of various cell types that act to guard our bodies. Unlike the adaptive immune system that has a specific response, our innate immune system encompasses cells that elicit unspecific immune responses, triggered whenever the right signals are detected. Our understanding of immunity started with the concept of our immune system only responding to “nonself” like the pathogens that invade our body. However, over the past few decades, we have learned that the immune system is more than an on/off switch that recognizes nonself. The innate immune system regularly patrols our bodies for pathogens and tissue damage. Our innate immune system not only seeks to resolve infection but also repair tissue injury, through phagocytosing debris and initiating the release of growth factors. Recently, we are starting to see that it is not just recognizing danger, our innate immune system plays a crucial role in repair. Innate immune cells phenotypically change during repair. In the context of severe injury or trauma, our innate immune system is modified quite drastically to help repair, resulting in reduced infection control. Moreover, these changes in immune cell function can be modified by sex as a biological variable. From past to present, in this overview, we provide a summary of the innate immune cells and pathways in infection and tissue repair.This article is categorized under:
Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
The Social and Ethical Component in AI Systems Design and Management
Authors: Mantelero Alessandro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extensive and frequently severe impact of AI systems on society cannot be fully addressed by the human rights legal framework. Many issues involve community choices or individual autonomy requiring a contextual analysis focused on societal and ethical values. The social and ethical consequences of AI represent a complementary dimension, alongside that of human rights, that must be properly investigated in AI assessment, to capture the holistic dimension of the relationship between humans and machines. This assessment is more complicated than that of human rights, as it involves a variety of theoretical inputs on the underlying values, as well as a proliferation of guidelines. This requires a contextualised and, as far as possible, a participative analysis of the values of the community in which the AI solutions are expected to be implemented. Here the experts play a crucial role in detecting, contextualising and evaluating the AI solutions against existing ethical and social values. Ethics committees in scientific research, bioethics and clinical trials, as well as corporate AI ethics boards, can provide inputs for future AI expert committees within the HRESIA model. Based on the experience of these committees, the assessment cannot be entrusted entirely to experts, but it should also include a participatory dimension, which is essential to effective democratic decision-making process concerning AI.
Electroweak phase transition in the nearly aligned Higgs effective field theory
Authors: Kanemura Shinya , Nagai Ryo , Tanaka Masanori 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We investigate the strongly first-order electroweak phase transition using an effective field theoretical approach. The standard effective field theory with finite number truncation of higher dimensional operators fails in the typical parameter space where the strongly first-order phase transition is realized because it cannot describe the non-decoupling quantum effect of new physics beyond the standard model. To parameterize the non-decoupling quantum effect, we employ the nearly aligned Higgs effective theory in which the Higgs potential is parameterized by a Coleman-Weinberg like form. Extending this framework with finite temperature corrections, we study the parameter space for realizing the strongly first-order phase transition, and estimate the gravitational wave produced at the phase transition.
String integrability of the ABJM defect
Authors: Linardopoulos Georgios 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
ABJM theory in the presence of a half-BPS domain wall is dual to the D2-D4 probe brane system with nonzero worldvolume flux. The ABJM domain wall was recently shown to be integrable to lowest order in perturbation theory and bond dimension. In the present paper we show that the string theory dual of this system is integrable, namely that the string boundary conditions on the probe D4-brane preserve the integrability of the Green-Schwarz sigma model. Our result suggests that the ABJM domain wall is integrable to all loop orders and for any value of the bond dimension.
Comorbidities in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Deichl Andrea , Wachter Rolf , Edelmann Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractChronic heart failure is one of the most common causes of hospitalization and death in industrialized countries. Demographic changes with an aging population are expected to further increase the prevalence of chronic heart failure. The associated increase in comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure leads to a less favorable prognosis for survival. A selection of the major comorbidities discussed in this review—along with prevalence, impact on prognosis, treatment approaches, and current study status—include atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, coronary microvascular dysfunction, renal dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, reduced lymphatic reserve, and the effects on oxygen utilization and physical activity. The complex clinical picture of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging in the nearly absence of evidence-based therapy. Except for comorbidity-specific guidelines, no HFpEF-specific treatment of comorbidities can be recommended at this time. Optimized care is becoming increasingly relevant to reducing hospitalizations through a seamless inpatient and outpatient care structure. Current treatment is focused on symptom relief and management of associated comorbidities. Therefore, prevention through early minimization of risk factors currently remains the best approach.
NF-κB in control of regulatory T cell development, identity, and function
Authors: Hövelmeyer Nadine , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Ohnmacht Caspar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg cells) act as a major rheostat regulating the strength of immune responses, enabling tolerance of harmless foreign antigens, and preventing the development of pathogenic immune responses in various disease settings such as cancer and autoimmunity. Treg cells are present in all lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, and the latter often fulfill important tasks required for the physiology of their host organ. The activation of NF-κB transcription factors is a central pathway for the reprogramming of gene expression in response to inflammatory but also homeostatic cues. Genetic mouse models have revealed essential functions for NF-κB transcription factors in modulating Treg development and function, with some of these mechanistic insights confirmed by recent studies analyzing Treg cells from patients harboring point mutations in the genes encoding NF-κB proteins. Molecular insights into the NF-κB pathway in Treg cells hold substantial promise for novel therapeutic strategies to manipulate dysfunctional or inadequate cell numbers of immunosuppressive Treg cells in autoimmunity or cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the manifold roles that NF-κB factors exert in Treg cells.
Correlates of physical activity in adults with spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Ingram Thomas , Sengupta Raj , Standage Martyn , Barnett Rosie , Rouse Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) is a primary non-pharmacological treatment option for those living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). The aim of this systematic literature review was to summarize and present an updated synthesis of the factors associated with PA in the RA and SpA populations. A tailored search of PubMed (inc. Medline), Web of Science, Embase, APA PsycNET, and Scopus was conducted for research published between 2004 and June 2019. Methodological quality was assessed using The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tools for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies, Case–Control Studies, and Controlled Intervention Studies. Forty RA and eleven SpA articles met the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was generally fair to good, with two RA studies rated as poor. Correlates are discussed in the sociodemographic, physical, psychological, social, and environmental categories. Environmental factors were not measured in any RA study. In individuals living with RA, consistent positive associations were found between PA and high-density lipoprotein, self-efficacy, and motivation. Consistent negative associations were found for functional disability and fatigue. In individuals with SpA, consistent positive associations were found between PA and quality of life, and consistent negative associations with functional disability. Physical and psychological factors are most consistently related with PA parameters in those living with RA and SpA. Many variables were inconsistently studied and showed indeterminant associations. Studies with prospective designs are needed to further understand the factors associated with PA in these populations, especially in those living with SpA.
Health effects related to exposure of static magnetic fields and acoustic noise—comparison between MR and CT radiographers
Authors: Glans Anton , Wilén Jonna , Lindgren Lenita , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella M. , Hansson Boel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objectives
We explored the prevalence of health complaints subjectively associated with static magnetic field (SMF) and acoustic noise exposure among MR radiographers in Sweden, using CT radiographers as a control group. Additionally, we explored radiographers’ use of strategies to mitigate adverse health effects.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was sent to all hospitals with MR units in Sweden. MR and/or CT personnel reported prevalence and attribution of symptoms (vertigo/dizziness, nausea, metallic taste, illusion of movement, ringing sensations/tinnitus, headache, unusual drowsiness/tiredness, forgetfulness, difficulties concentrating, and difficulties sleeping) within the last year. We used logistic regression to test associations between sex, age, stress, SMF strength, working hours, and symptom prevalence. Data regarding hearing function, work-environmental noise, and strategies to mitigate adverse symptoms were also analysed.

Results
In total, 529 out of 546 respondents from 86 hospitals were eligible for participation. A ≥ 20 working hours/week/modality cut-off rendered 342 participants grouped into CT (n = 75), MR (n = 121), or mixed personnel (n = 146). No significant differences in symptom prevalence were seen between groups. Working at ≥ 3T increased SMF-associated symptoms as compared with working at ≤ 1.5T (OR: 2.03, CI95: 1.05–3.93). Stress was a significant confounder. Work-related noise was rated as more troublesome by CT than MR personnel (p < 0.01). MR personnel tended to use more strategies to mitigate adverse symptoms.

Conclusion
No significant differences in symptom prevalence were seen between MR and CT radiographers. However, working at 3T increased the risk of SMF symptoms, and stress increased adverse health effects. Noise nuisance was considered more problematic by CT than MR personnel.

Key Points
• No significant differences in symptom prevalence were seen between MR and CT radiographers.
• Working at ≥ 3 T doubled the odds of experiencing SMF symptoms (vertigo/dizziness, nausea, metallic taste, and/or illusion of movement) as compared to working exclusively at ≤ 1.5 T.
• Work-related acoustic noise was less well mitigated and was rated as more troublesome by CT personnel than by MR personnel.