bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Improved Exotherm Method for Measuring Cold Hardiness of Peach Flower Buds1
Authors: Quamme H. A. , Layne R. E. C. , Jackson H. O. , Spearman G. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A method of exotherm analysis is described for determining the cold hardiness of dormant peach flower buds (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Twig pieces with intact flower buds were placed into thermos bottles and cooled at a constant rate in a programmed cold chamber. A thermocouple was inserted in the node of each twig piece to measure the temperature at which sudden heat release occurred. Thermocouples connected in series made it possible to record exotherms of 5 twig pieces from a cultivar on a single channel of a multipoint recorder. The exotherm method was compared to the LT50 method (the temperature at which 50% of the flower buds are killed) using 10 cultivars on one collection date. The mean temperatures at which the exotherms were initiated were significantly correlated with the LT50 (r = +.880). In addition, the mean temperatures at which exotherms were initiated and the LT50 for these cultivars were significantly correlated with the percentage of flower bud mortality averaged over 4 winters (r = −.667 and −.797, respectively). The exotherm method gives a direct measurement of the temperature at which peach flower buds are killed and offers an opportunity for studying the cold hardiness of individual flower buds not possible with other methods.
‘Hardired’ Nectarine1
Authors: Layne R. E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Hardired’ is an exceptionally cold hardy nectarine [Prunus persica var. nectarina (Ait.) Maxim.] that ripens 9 days after ‘Nectared 2’ and 2 days before ‘Nectared 4’. It is an attractive, yellow-fleshed, freestone that is similar in most respects to ‘Harko’ but ripens 4 or 5 days later. It was released in 1974 to extend the season of ‘Harko’, and to extend the areas of nectarine culture in Ontario. ‘Hardired’ in natural and controlled freezing tests exceeds the cold hardiness of all nectarine cultivars and advanced selections in the Harrow collection (16 cultivars, 9 selections) and compares with ‘Reliance’ and ‘Babygold 8’ peach in bud hardiness.
Improving Food Values of Vegetables1
Authors: Kelly J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dietitians and nutritionists have included vegetables among 4 of the 7 basic food groups used in planning meals. Because of the variety and quantity of vegetables we are able to furnish in this country, either fresh or processed, it is an easy task to prepare a well-balanced diet without too much concern for the differences in composition among vegetable types. It is no wonder, then that until very recently little attention has been directed to the differences which exist within vegetable types.
A High-density Peach Orchard1
Authors: Phillips J. H. H. , Weaver G. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) at 1157 and 868 trees per ha and trained as either palmette or hedgerow produced nearly twice as much fruit in the first 5 years as did trees trained to a modified central leader at 397 trees per ha at Jordan Station, Ontario, Canada. In addition to dormant pruning to shape the trees and restrict their size, the palmette and hedgerow plantings were pruned each year in midsummer when about half of the current year's growth was removed. Insects and mites were no greater problem, and brown rot was significantly less in the high- than in the low-density planting.
Weed Control in a Fruit Tree Nursery with Herbicide-Impregnated String1
Authors: Hamill A. S. , Layne R. E. C. , von Stryk F. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
String impregnated with simazine, atrazine, and diuron (6.6%, 2.2%, and 2.2% by weight) controlled weeds in rows of 8 month-old peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and apricot (P. armeniaca L.) seedling nursery stock. A single strand of herbicide-impregnated string controlled all weed growth in a band 30.5 cm wide when placed at the base of the seedlings on the surface of a Fox sandy loam soil. Complete weed control was obtained from the fall of 1973 to the fall of 1974. Placement of the string at various heights above the soil surface gave less satisfactory weed control than surface placement, permitted less release of herbicide and caused injury to young leaves which came in constant contact with the string. A wheat bioassay of the nursery soil after seedling removal indicated no phytotoxic residues. Chemical analysis of the string at the end of the experiment showed that 88% of the herbicide was released when one strand of string was placed on the soil surface. This resulted in a concentration of 4.05, 1.35 and 1.35 kg/ha of simazine, atrazine and diuron, respectively, in the treated area. No phytotoxicity from the soil surface string placement was observed on peach or apricot nursery trees.
Foliar Element Levels of Chrysanthemum and Tomato Grown in Insolubilized Poly (ethylene oxide) Amended Media1
Authors: Chan M. , Staby G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. cv. Bright Golden Anne and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Ohio M-R 13 plants were grown in media amended with insolubilized poly(ethylene oxide) (VITERRA Hydrogel) and foliar element levels determined. Results showed that VITERRA Hydrogel did not consistently alter foliar element levels.
Rooting of Cuttings from Tops and Stumps of American Elm1
Authors: Schreiber L. R. , Kawase M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rooting of secondary softwood cuttings from 12-year-old American elm (Ulmus americana L.) was 38% from tops, 64% from stumps 2.0-2.5 m high, and 83% from stumps 0.3 m high.
The Effect of Ethephon on Onion Seedstalk Height and Seed Production Characteristics1
Authors: Corgan J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied to onions (Allium cepa L. cv. Excel) at 5% seedstalk emergence at 2500, 5000, or 10,000 ppm reduced seedstalk height from 94 to 68, 62, and 54 cm, respectively. Lodging at seed harvest was reduced from 53% to 10%. The 2500 and 5000 ppm treatments had no effects on seed yield, but the 10,000 ppm treatment tended to lower it. Seed weight and seed germination were not affected by treatment.
Stimulation of Pepper Seed Germination by Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment1
Authors: Fieldhouse D. J. , Sasser M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seed of pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Early Calwonder) receiving a sodium hypochlorite treatment germinated faster and showed more rapid early growth than seed treated with water alone or with sodium hypochlorite followed by an acid rinse.
CR 17-1-34, Cercospora Leaf Spot Resistant Southernpea Germplasm1
Authors: Fery R. L. , Dukes P. D. , Cuthbert F. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cercospora leaf spot, a disease incited by Cercospora cruenta Sacc., is one of the major foliage diseases of southernpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in several important U.S. production areas3. The disease is frequently a problem on fall crops where severe losses are occasionally observed. Cercospora leaf spot spreads very rapidly on susceptible cultivars, resulting in premature defoliation and reduced yields. Schneider4 reported that C. cruenta caused yield reductions of 42% in Nigeria. Accessions of V. unguiculata resistant to C. cruenta have been reported by Verma and Patel (3) and Vakin4. Schneider (3) used resistant cultivars in his work. The lack of information about the inheritance of resistance and the agronomic or exotic nature of many of these lines limit their value as sources of Cercospora leaf spot resistances in horticultural breeding programs. The breeding line CR 17-1-34 has been released for use as a resistant parent in such programs. It is a horticultural type that carries one of the genes reported by Fery et al. (2) to condition a high level of resistance to Cercospora leaf spot.
CR17-1-13, CR 18-13-1, CR 22-2-21, Cowpea Curculio Resistant Southernpea Germplasm1
Authors: Cuthbert F. P. , Fery R. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cowpea curculio, Chalcodermus aeneus Boehman, is the principal insect pest of southernpeas, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., in the southeastern United States. The insect is of considerable economic importance to the processing industry because the insect damage and contamination make the processed product unacceptable for human consumption. Curculio feeding scars also provide an entry point for much of the pod rot, caused by Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rev.) Thaxt., in field plantings (3, 5). Cuthbert and Davis (2) and Chalfant et al. (1) delineated several factors that contribute to increased genetic resistance in V. unguiculata to the curculio. Subsequently, Cuthbert et al. (4) showed that these factors were complementary in effect. They suggested that the two factors which offered the greatest potential for use in development of resistant cultivars were non-preference and a pod factor that inhibits penetration through the pod wall by the adult insect. The breeding lines CR 17-1-13, CR 18-13-1, and CR 22-2-21 have been released for use as resistant parents in such programs. All are horticultural types with nonpreference or pod factor resistance to the cowpea curculio.
Blossom-end Rot and the Uniform-ripe Fruit Trait in Tomato1
Authors: Trinklein D. H. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 6-parent diallel was used to investigate the relationship between blossom-end rot (BER) and the uniform-ripe fruiting trait of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Three parents possessed the uniform-ripe character (uu), and 3 parents bore green-shouldered fruit (UU). Data were collected during 6 harvests for both BER incidence (%) and severity (lesion size). Significant differences existed among the F1 genotypes UU, Uu, and uu for BER incidence (P=5%) and severity (P=l%). BER incidence tended to increase as the u allele increased from 0 to 2.
Effect of Length of Growing Season on Protein Content of Sweet Potato Cultivars1
Authors: Purcell Albert E. , Pope Daniel T. , Walter William M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Protein and dry matter contents were determined for 16 cultivars of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) planted May 28 and harvested on 4 different dates. Means of protein contents of cultivars differed significantly and ranged from 4.17% to 6.51%, dry basis. Protein content decreased at the rate of 0.0067% per day and dry matter decreased at the rate of 23% per day.
Relationship between Yield and Mannitol Content during the Crop Cycle of Cultivated Mushrooms1
Authors: Parrish G. K. , Beelman R. B. , Kneebone L. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The yield and mannitol content varied considerably during the crop cycle of 4 strains of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing., grown under controlled conditions. A direct relationship was observed between fluctuation in yield and mannitol content.
Leaf Compost for Container-grown Plants1
Authors: Sawhney B. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Analyses of a number of leaf composts showed that the composts generally contain excessive salts. Greenhouse and laboratory observations suggest that when leaf compost is used in large proportions in a soil mix for container-grown plants, salts may damage young seedlings transplanted in the mix. Excess salts can be removed by leaching with liberal quantities of water before transplanting. Leaf compost is well-buffered at about pH 7, which is considered optimal for most plants. However, since leaf compost tends to resist acidification, it may cause the pH of mixes containing large amounts of compost to remain higher than that considered suitable for such plants as azalea, rhododendron and laurel.
Tissue Culture Propagation of the Double Petunia1
Authors: Daykin Marilyn , Langhans R. W. , Earle E. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Leaf pieces of pistil-sterile double petunias (Petunia hybrida Hort.) placed on a Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium containing 0.2 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) produced shoots after 4 weeks which rooted within a week when the cut ends were dipped into an LS medium containing 1.0 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and then placed in a hormone-free medium. Plantlets grew rapidly after transfer to soil and had similar growth and flower type as the source clone.
Chemical Removal of Lateral Buds of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat1
Authors: Zacharioudakis John N. , Larson Roy A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-5-6-diphenyl-l,4-oxanthin (UNI-P293), was used to determine its effectiveness as a disbudding agent of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. May Shoesmith. Concentrations of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% were applied on the 18th, 21st and 24th short day (SD). The optimum concentration on the 18th SD was 0.5% and 1.00% on the 21st SD. There was no difference among concentration levels on the 24th SD. Flower size and date of anthesis were not adversely affected when manual disbudding was used as a supplement to chemical treatment, but smaller flowers and delayed anthesis usually occurred when only the chemical was used for disbudding. All treated plants were shorter than untreated plants.
Carbohydrate and Dry Matter Changes in Organs of Tulipa gesneriana L. during Low Temperature Treatment1
Authors: Aung L. H. , Wright R. D. , De Hertogh A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Determination of carbohydrates in different organs of 3 tulip cultivars stored at 4°C showed that sucrose and starch constituted 95% of the bulb carbohydrates with reducing sugars constituting 5%. Dry storage at 4° in the dark for 7 or 14 weeks resulted in an increase in total carbohydrates in all cultivars. Starch content of ‘Edith Eddy’, ‘Bellona’ and ‘Schoon-oord’ was increased 28%, 116%, and 270% respectively following 14 weeks of 4°C storage. Changes in sucrose and reducing sugars varied with cultivar and duration of 4° treatment. On a μg/mg dry weight basis, carbohydrate concentrations were generally higher in the shoot, developing bulblets and basalplate than in the storage scales. Dry matter loss was higher in ‘Edith Eddy’ than in ‘Schoonoord’ and ‘Bellona’. The loss of dry matter during 4° storage was reflected by cumulative losses in each of the organs.
Sampling Procedure for Foliar Analysis of Forcing Azalea1
Authors: Nelson Paul V. , Mingis Nancy C. , Krauskopf Dean M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Forcing azalea (Rhododendron sp. cvs. Redwing, Mission Bells and Gloria were subjected to sufficient and low levels of N, K, and Ca, and the difference in concentration of these nutrients was measured and termed “differential”. Immature, recently mature, and old leaves were sampled periodically from current shoots during development. Ca differential was not related to sample position. N differential was exhibited in a similar manner but was best expressed in older leaf tissue during late growth. The magnitude of the K differential was related to both sample position and sample date; the largest expression occurred in young leaf tissue during early growth and on older leaf tissue during late shoot development. The best single sample position for foliar analysis of these nutrients was the most recently mature leaves on current shoots.
6-Benzylaminopurine Promotes Axillary Shoots in Ilex crenata Thunb.1
Authors: Wright R. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar application of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to Ilex crenata cvs. Helleri and Rotundifolia increased the number of axillary shoots per plant. ‘Helleri’ axillary shoot number was increased 4 times by 500 ppm BA whereas axillary shoot number of Rotundifolia was increased 1.5 and 3 times by 100 and 500 ppm respectively. Leaf size and shoot length were significantly reduced by 500 ppm BA.
The Effects of Night-lighting on Growth and Pigmentation in Greenhouse-grown Tropical Ornamentals1
Authors: Seibert Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Interruption of the night period with levels of light as low as 3 to 10μW/cm2 during the winter months increased stem elongation and anthocyanin pigmentation of Cordyline terminalis Kunth and runner production in Saxifraga sarmentosa L. cv. Tri-color compared with control plants.
The Influence of Washing Procedures on Surface Removal and Leaching of Certain Elements from Pecan Leaflets1
Authors: Smith Morris W. , Storey J. Benton 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nutrient spray residue can be removed from leaflets of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch for nutrient absorption measurement. The residue can be removed by washing the leaflets in 0.1% Alconox, rinsed in running tap water followed by a 7 liter 1% HCl rinse and three separate 7 liter demineralized distilled water baths. The elimination of some of the solutions resulted in erroneously high results in adsorption of the nutrients. Young leaflets absorbed more zinc than did the old leaflets. Nutrient sprayed pecan leaflets washed in 0.1% Alconox, rinsed in running tap water, 7 liters 1% HCl, and three separate 7 liter demineralized distilled water baths prior to tissue analysis gave more consistent and reliable data than leaflets washed by any other method. This leaf washing procedure does not remove biologically significant amounts of any of the elements analyzed.
Temperature Sensitivity of a “Genetic Disorder” in Clonally Propagated Cultivars of Almond1
Authors: Kester D. E. , Hellali R. , Asay R. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Exposure of growing shoots to high temperature resulted in symptom expression of noninfectious bud-failure, a “genetic disorder” in almond Prunus amygdalus Batsch, whereas lower temperature prevented expression. Exposure of the normal phase of the disorder to high temperature gradually induced symptom expression.
Ethephon Influence on Storage Quality of ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Hammett Larry K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Summer application of succinic acid-2,2,dimethylhydrazide (SADH) followed by an (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) application 1 month before normal harvest to ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ trees resulted in highly-colored, firm fruits with storage quality for 28 weeks if harvested 20 days after ethephon application. Ethephon application to ‘Golden Delicious’ trees 1 month before normal harvest resulted in soft, over-ripe fruits when harvested 10, 20 or 30 days after treatment. Firmness of ethephon-treated ‘Golden Delicious’ fruits rapidly declined in storage.
‘Crimson’, ‘Purple’, and ‘Homeside’ Plums1
Authors: Norton Joseph D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Crimson’, ‘Purple’, and ‘Homeside’ are new plum cultivars developed for Alabama (Fig. 1). ‘Crimson’ and ‘Purple’ are adapted where 850 hr of chilling below 7.2°C (45°F) occur; they consistently produced good yields of high quality fruit in Central and North Alabama (1, 2). ‘Homeside’ is adapted where sufficient chilling of 700 hr below 7.2°C (45°F) occurs; it has consistently produced good yields of high quality fruit in central and south Alabama (3).
‘Flordablue’ Blueberry
Authors: Sharpe R. H. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Flordablue’ (Fig. 1) has been released by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences Fruit Crops Department to fill the need for a blueberry with fruit quality and earliness of northern highbush cultivars and adaptation to the climate of central Florida.
‘Sharpblue’ Blueberry1
Authors: Sharpe R. H. , Sherman W. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Sharpblue’ (Fig. 1) has been released by the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Fruit Crops Department to fill the need for a blueberry with fruit quality and earliness of northern highbush cultivars and adaptation to the climate of central Florida.
Field Performance of Cold-stored Plants of Strawberry Cultivars and Selections in the Pacific Northwest1
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. , Freeman Jack A. , Pepin H. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Survival and vigor, after −1°C storage, of Totem strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) plants dug at 8 different dates, from November 15, 1973 to April 1, 1974, was affected adversely only when dug April 1. Predigging treatment with Methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate(benomyl) did not affect survival or vigor from any of the dates. In 1975, digging date (March 1 vs April 1) did not affect the survival of plants of 4 cultivars or 6 selections. However, plants of ‘Totem’ and ‘Northwest’ and 2 selections dug April 1 showed reduced vigor compared to those dug March 1.
Herbicide Performance on Transplanted Annual Bedding Plants1
Authors: Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alachlor (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide), diphenamid (N,N- dimethyl-2,2-diphenylacetamide) and napropamide (2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide) provided excellent broadleaf and grass weed control. Alachlor significantly injured the ‘St. John's Fire’ Salvai while diphenamid caused moderate injury to ‘Golden Torch’ Celosia. Both trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and DCPA (dimethyl tetra-chloroterephthalate) provided less than acceptable control of broadleaf weeds at the rates employed, but neither caused significant injury to any of the 15 cultivars of transplanted annual bedding plants used in this study.
Control of Sprouts on Topworked Avocado Stumps with NAA Formulations1
Authors: Boswell S. B. , Bergh B. O. , Whitsell R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 1% ethyl ester or sodium salt formulation of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in 30% aqueous solution of white latex paint sprayed below the grafts effectively controlled trunk sprouts in topworked avocados (Persea americana Mill). Regrowth was suppressed over a 7-month growing period with no adverse effects on the grafts.
Effect of Reduced Ethylene Levels in Storage Atmospheres on Lemon Keeping Quality1
Authors: Wild B. L. , McGlasson W. B. , Lee T. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lemons (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) were stored for up to 27 weeks at 10°C in air and in an atmosphere of 3 to 5% O2 and 0.1 to 0.2% CO2, with and without an ethylene absorbent. Mold incidence was high in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage where ethylene accumulated, but removal of ethylene reduced its development. CA storage improved retention of green color in lemons.
Photosynthesis and Transpiration of Citrus Seedlings under Flooded Conditions1
Authors: Phung H. T. , Knipling E. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Photosynthesis and transpiration rates of seedlings of 4 citrus rootstocks under flooded conditions were measured over a 10-day period. For all rootstocks photosynthesis and transpiration decreased, but photosynthesis decreased relatively less than transpiration. Stomatal closure is inferred to account in part for the reductions observed.
Flooding did not increase ethanol concentration in either tops or roots, suggesting that ethanol is not an end-product of. anaerobic respiration in citrus seedlings. Only in the neutral soil was rough lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f.) found to be more tolerant to short-term flooding than ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.). Tolerance to flood injury was greater at a soil pH of 7 than 4.5.
Strip Cultivation of the Area Wetted by Drip Irrigation in the Arava Desert1
Authors: Goldberg S. Dan , Uzrad M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) grown in the Arava desert of Israel developed more rapidly and produced a higher yield when planted in soil strips which had previously been used for drip-irrigated melons, than when grown in the spaces between strips. Leaching with sprinklers before planting had no effect on the corn grown on the previously drip-irrigated strips, but did significantly effect plant weight and weight of Grade A ears in the area between the previously cultivated strips. Plantings which diagonally intersected the drip-irrigated strips and the spaces between resulted in uneven growth, with better development where the strips were intercepted.