bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galactooligosaccharides: Food technological applications, prebiotic health benefits, microbiome modulation, and processing considerations
Authors: Olivares‐Tenorio Mary‐Luz , Orrego David , Klotz‐Ceberio Bernadette‐Francisca , Palanca Carles , Tortajada‐Serra Marta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundGalactooligosaccharides (GOS) are functional oligosaccharides obtained enzymatically from lactose. The interest in GOS has increased due to health benefits, such as the strength of the immune system and the support of a healthy gut microbiome. This review contributes to the state of the art of the domain of GOS, building an integrated overview highlighting 4 key elements that the food industry should consider when developing healthier and cleaner foods: food technological applications of GOS, prebiotic health benefits, microbiome modulation according to GOS structure, and fundamentals on process elaboration of GOS.ResultsGOS are a good strategy for fat and sugar replacement, as well as for calorie reduction, nutritional enhancement, processing aid, and texture improvement. Moreover, GOS supplementation is a potential approach to the improvement of bowel and immune health, cancer, renal injury, obesity, depression and anxiety treatment, and the enhancement of mineral absorption, mainly via microbiome modulation. Nevertheless, this modulation depends on GOS concentration, chain length, type, and orientation of linkage, and those aspects are shaped during the processing of GOS.ConclusionThe product development process of foods should have a holistic consideration of previous factors when selecting GOS as ingredients to address the desired functionalities efficiently. Current literature has discrepancies considering the structural heterogenicity of available GOS sources. The food industry requires more detailed information on how to support GOS supplementation through food design and development.
Utilization of industrial hemp by‐product defatted seed flour: effect of its incorporation on the properties and quality characteristics of ‘tsoureki’, a rich‐dough baked Greek product
Authors: Lazou Andriana , Anastasiadis Georgios , Provata Tarsia , Koliou Zoi , Protonotariou Styliani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDA rich‐dough baked Greek product named ‘tsoureki’ was prepared using non‐gluten hemp seed flour at ratios of 0:100, 10:90, 30:70, and 50:50. The effects of hemp flour addition on the properties of ‘tsoureki’, including physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity, sorption phenomena), structural properties, textural properties, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and sensorial characteristics, as well as the macroscopic structure and morphological characteristics, were studied.RESULTSHemp flour addition affected dough rheology, showing tan δ values < 1, a decrease in both G′ and G″ values, while both flow behavior and consistency indices were also significantly affected, which might have an influence on the final baked goods. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer model satisfactorily described sorption data, while both hemp addition and temperature had a significant effect. A significantly higher hardness of 11.55 N, a lower specific volume of 2.65 cm3 g−1, and a lower porosity of 0.676 were observed at high hemp additions. The hemp flour level influenced the color of the crumb and crust, and the total color difference (ΔE) increased significantly with the increase in hemp flour. Hemp flour additions were detectable by the naked eye, with an obvious color difference between control and hemp‐containing samples. Moreover, the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were increased, as were some organoleptic characteristics, such as the bitter aftertaste. Concurrently, overall acceptability decreased significantly.CONCLUSIONOverall, the incorporation of gluten‐free defatted hemp seed flour in ‘tsoureki’ formulations seems to be a promising alternative for improving quality of such rich‐dough baked products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of intraoperative cavity shaving on re‐excision rates in breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Ilhan Burak , Bademler Suleyman , Kılıç Berkay , Onder Semen , Karanlık Hasan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis trial aimed to investigate the effects of circumferential shaving on reducing the reoperation rates during breast‐conserving surgery (BCS).MethodsIn the study, before 2014, 404 (39.9%) breast cancers (BCs) out of a total of 1012 BCs underwent BCS without intraoperative cavity shaving (ICS) and constituted the no‐ICS group. After this date, ICS was added to 608 (60.1%) BCSs (ICS group) and intraoperative margin analysis was not requested from pathologists during these second BCS procedures.ResultsThe patient and BC characteristics in the no‐ICS and ICS groups were similar. Carcinoma detection at the margin and reoperation rates were 13.9% in the no‐ICS group and 7.6% in the ICS group (p = 0.001). No significant difference was detected between patients who underwent BCS with intraoperative frozen section analysis (FSA) and patients who underwent BCS with additional ICS (5.6% vs. 7.6%, p = 0.383).ConclusionsICS decreased the rates of positive margins and reoperations among patients with BCS to an acceptable level compared with intraoperative FSA. It may be concluded that ICS is feasible to achieve BC margin control.
Temporal variability in fine root dynamics in relation to tree girth size in sub‐tropical sal (Shorea robusta) forests
Authors: Pandey Rachita , Bargali Surendra Singh , Bargali Kiran , Pandey Vimal Chandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn forest ecosystems, the rapid turnover of fine roots (≤2 mm in diameter) is a major pathway of carbon and nutrient flow from plants to the soil. This study was conducted to determine how fine root biomass (FRB), productivity (FRP) and turnover (FRT) are affected by site characteristics, seasonal variation, soil depth and tree girth size in sub‐tropical sal forest ecosystem. Four sites (S1, S2, S3 and S4) were established in the Bhabhar region of Nainital istrict, Uttarakhand, India within an elevational range of 405 and 580 m, and at each site, sal trees were categorized into five girth classes. Fine roots were sampled seasonally up to a depth of 60 cm and divided into three layers (0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm). FRB was significantly affected by tree girth size and decreased with increasing girth size, while the effect of tree girth on FRP and FRT was observed to be insignificant. Seasonal variation of FRB in all girth sizes showed a keen resemblance as the standing FRB reached its pinnacle during the rainy season and the bottom line in the winter season. Maximum FRB was reported for the uppermost, organo‐mineral‐rich soil depth (0–20 cm) at 1.0 m distance from the tree bole and decreased with increasing soil depth and distance from the tree bole while FRT showed a reverse trend. The present study provided a holistic outlook on variations in FRB, FRP and FRT and the impact of edaphic characteristics and tree girth on fine root dynamics in the sal forest ecosystem of Central Himalaya, India.
Assessing the influence of calcium on X65 carbon steel pitting using an artificial pit
Authors: Mohammed Sikiru Adepoju , Hua Yong , Barker Richard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCorrosion products that form on carbon steel in sweet (CO2) environments can protect the steel by retarding interactions between the substrate steel and a corrosive electrolyte. Such protective films could become damaged at local sites leading to potential differences and the emergence of galvanic currents with the consequence of pitting in certain envfironments. The large protected surface (with a higher positive potential) becomes a cathode while the tiny exposed surface (with a lower positive potential) becomes the anode. Films formed in a Ca2+‐rich environment often comprise mixed calcium and iron carbonates in the form, CaxFe(1−x)CO3. This work utilized an artificial pit to investigate pitting under CaxFe(1−x)CO3film conditions. Mixed carbonate films were grown on cathode discs (25‐mm diameter) for 96 h at pH 7.5, 50°C. Freshly polished anode pins were screwed onto the cathode disc and the galvanic currents were measured for 24 h. The anode/cathode area ratios were varied by using pins of 1, 2, and 3 mm diameter. Scanning electron microscope, X‐ray powder diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray were employed to examine the electrode surfaces after the test while surface profilometry was conducted to obtain pit profiles on the anode pins. Galvanic current increased with the addition of 682 ppm Ca2+to the solution while pseudopassivation occurred under mixed calcium–iron carbonate films. The galvanic current was observed to drop as corrosion products formed on the anode electrode. Profilometry revealed the emergence of pits on the anode electrode. The pitting threshold was commensurate with the magnitude of the galvanic current density recorded.
Observations on the interaction between plant growth‐promoting bacteria and the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: Egan Aoife , Kakouli‐Duarte Thomais 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPseudomonas fluorescens, strains L124, L228, L321, and the positive control strain F113 used in this study, produce compounds associated with plant growth promotion, biocontrol, antimicrobial and antiviral activity, and adaptation to stresses. These bacterial strains were tested in vitro and in vivo in tomato plants, to determine their potential role in Meloidogyne javanica suppression. In laboratory experiments, only 2% of M. javanica eggs hatched when exposed to the metabolites of each bacterial strain. Additionally, 100% M. javanica J2 mortality was recorded when nematodes were exposed to the metabolites of F113 and L228. In greenhouse experiments, M. javanica infected tomato plants, which were also inoculated with the bacterial strains F113 and L124, displayed the highest biomass (height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight) of all bacterial treatments tested. Results from the development and induced systemic resistance experiments indicated that the bacterial strains F113 and L321 had the most effective biocontrol capacity over nematode infection, delayed nematode development (J3/J4, adults and galls), and reduced nematode fecundity. In addition, these results indicated that the bacterial strain L124 is an effective plant growth promoter of tomato plants. Furthermore, it was determined that the bacterial strain L321 was capable of M. javanica biocontrol. P. fluorescens F113 was effective at both increasing tomato plant biomass and M. javanica biocontrol. In an agricultural context, applying successional drenches with these beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria would ensure bacteria viability in the rhizosphere of the plants, encourage positive plant bacterial interactions and increase biocontrol against M. javanica.
Government directors as a double‐edged sword for strategic change: Strong resource provision but weak monitoring
Authors: Wang Yu , Chang Xiaoying , Wang Tienan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines the double‐edged effect of government directors on strategic change by conceptualizing them as strong resource provision but weak monitoring that exert the opposite impact on strategic change. Since we cannot predict which of the two effects will be larger ex ante, we do not predict a main effect. Instead, we examine resource constraints, managerial incentives, and state ownership as contingency factors. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2016, we find evidence for the prediction. This study contributes to the current literature by providing a more complete understanding of government directors.
The breast cancer‐related lymphedema multidisciplinary approach: Algorithm for conservative and multimodal surgical treatment
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Bolletta Alberto , Kaciulyte Juste , Losco Luigi , Manrique Oscar J. , Cigna Emanuele , Mayer Horacio F. , Escandón Joseph M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple surgical alternatives are available to treat breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) providing a variable spectrum of outcomes. This study aimed to present the breast cancer‐related lymphedema multidisciplinary approach (B‐LYMA) to systematically treat BCRL.MethodsSeventy‐eight patients presenting with BCRL between 2017 and 2021 were included. The average age and BMI were 49.4 ± 7.8 years and 28.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2, respectively. Forty patients had lymphedema ISL stage II (51.3%) and 38 had stage III (48.7%). The mean follow‐up was 26.4 months. Treatment was selected according to the B‐LYMA algorithm, which aims to combine physiologic and excisional procedures according to the preoperative evaluation of patients. All patients had pre‐ and postoperative complex decongestive therapy (CDT).ResultsStage II patients were treated with lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) (n = 18), vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) (n = 12), and combined DIEP flap and VLNT (n = 10). Stage III patients underwent combined suction‐assisted lipectomy (SAL) and LVA (n = 36) or combined SAL and VLNT (n = 2). Circumferential reduction rates (CRR) were comparable between patients treated with LVA (56.5 ± 8.4%), VLNT (54.4 ± 10.2%), and combined VLNT‐DIEP flap (56.5 ± 3.9%) (p > .05). In comparison to LVA, VLNT, and combined VLNT‐DIEP flap, combined SAL‐LVA exhibited higher CRRs (85 ± 10.5%, p < .001). The CRR for combined SAL‐VLNT was 75 ± 8.5%. One VLNT failed and minor complications occurred in the combined DIEP‐VLNT group.ConclusionThe B‐LYMA protocol directs the treatment of BCRL according to the lymphatic system's condition. In advanced stages where a single physiologic procedure is not sufficient, additional excisional surgery is implemented. Preoperative and postoperative CDT is mandatory to improve the outcomes.
Consumption of Saturated Fatty Acids‐Rich Lard Benefits Recovery of Experimental Arthritis by Activating PPAR‐γ
Authors: Wang Rui , Ji Cong‐Lan , Feng Dan‐Dan , Wu Yi‐Jin , Li Yan , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Yu Li‐Jun , Zuo Jian 
Published: November 2022

ScopeThis study investigates the impacts of lard and related fatty acids intake on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models.Method and resultsCollagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA) are induced in SD rats and C57 BL/6 mice respectively, which are fed by lard‐rich diet (LRD) for 42 days with intake restriction or not. AIA SD rats are treated by representative fatty acids for 30 days. Body weight, arthritis score, and metabolic profile are periodically recorded. Monocyte distribution, cytokine/metabolites levels, gene expression, and tissue damages are investigated by flow cytometry, ELISA, colorimetry, PCR, and histological methods. After being treated by fatty acids in vitro, THP‐1 monocytes and the corresponding medium are collected for ELISA, PCR, immunoblotting, and reporter gene assays. Irrespective of intake amounts, LRD decreases inflammatory cytokines and inhibits glycolysis in all rheumatic rodents. Furthermore, it alters monocyte distribution and promotes PPAR‐γ expression in AIA mice. Overall evidences show that both saturated (SF) and unsaturated fatty acids (USF) from lard can attenuate inflammation by activating PPAR‐γ. Silencing PPAR‐γ abrogates their anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro. Besides, SF can stimulate TLR4/NF‐κB pathway.ConclusionLard consumption is beneficial for active inflammatory arthritis recovery. Even SF can activate PPAR‐γ and consequently attenuate inflammation.
Deep learning architecture with transformer and semantic field alignment for voxel‐level dose prediction on brain tumors
Authors: Yang Jinna , Zhao Yuqian , Zhang Fan , Liao Miao , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe use of convolution neural networks (CNN) to accurately predict dose distributions can accelerate intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning. The purpose of our study is to develop a novel deep learning architecture for precise voxel‐level dose prediction on brain tumors.MethodsA dataset of 120 patients with brain tumors is built for the retrospective study. The dose distributions are predicted by a designed end‐to‐end model called TS‐Net, in which the transformer encoder module is utilized to obtain abundant global features by learning long‐range correlations of the input sequence. In addition, semantic field alignment (SFA) block is proposed in decoding path to ensure effective propagation of strong semantic information from deep to shallow. Five images from different channels are fed into the architecture, including a computed tomography (CT) image, a planning target volumes (PTV) image, an organs‐at‐risk (OARs) image, a beam configuration image, and a distance image, and the predicted dose distributions are taken as outputs. We use different evaluation metrics to evaluate the performance of the model and discuss the role of the auxiliary beam configuration information provided by non‐modulated dose distributions.ResultsThe TS‐Net prediction accuracies in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) are 2.98% for PTV, 7.19% for brainstem, 1.88% for left len, 2.48% for right len, 9.61% for left optic nerve, 9.10% for right optic nerve, 8.99% for optic chiasma, and 8.28% for pituitary. There is no statistically significant difference between the predicted results and clinical dose distributions for clinical indexes including homogeneity index (HI), D50, and D95 for PTV; V40, mean dose, and max dose for OARs; except for conformation index (CI) and D2 for PTV. The model has dice similarity coefficient (DSC) values of above 0.91 for most isodose volumes, clearly outperforming HD U‐Net, and being slightly better than U‐Net and DCNN.ConclusionThe proposed TS‐Net with beam configuration input can achieve accurate voxel‐level dose prediction for brain tumors, and is a usable tool for improving the efficiency and quality of radiotherapy.
Input function and modeling for determining bone metabolic flux using [18F] sodium fluoride PET imaging: A step‐by‐step guide
Authors: Puri Tanuj , Frost Michelle L. , Moore Amelia E. B. , Cook Gary J. R. , Blake Glen M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStudies of skeletal metabolism using measurements of bone metabolic flux (Ki) obtained with [18F] sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) scans have been used in clinical research for the last 30 years. The technique has proven useful as an imaging biomarker in trials of novel drug treatments for osteoporosis and investigating other metabolic bone diseases, including chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder. It has also been shown to be valuable in metastatic bone disease in breast cancer patients and may have potential in other cancer types, such as prostate cancer, to assess early bone fracture risk. However, these studies have usually required a 60‐min dynamic PET scan and measurement of the arterial input function (AIF), making them difficult to translate into the clinic for diagnostic purposes. We have previously proposed a simplified method that estimates the Ki value at an imaging site from a short (4‐min) static scan and venous blood samples. A key advantage of this method is that, by acquiring a series of static scans, values of Ki can be quickly measured at multiple sites using a single injection of the tracer. To date, the widespread use of [18F]NaF PET has been limited by the need to measure the AIF required for the mathematical modeling of tracer kinetics to derive Ki and other kinetic parameters. In this report, we review different methods of measuring the AIF, including direct arterial sampling, the use of a semi‐population input function (SP‐AIF), and image‐derived input function, the latter two requiring only two or three venous blood samples obtained between 30 and 60 min after injection. We provide an SP‐AIF model and a spreadsheet for calculating Ki values using the static scan method that others can use to study bone metabolism in metabolic and metastatic bone diseases without requiring invasive arterial blood sampling. The method shortens scan times, simplifies procedures, and reduces the cost of multicenter trials without losing accuracy or precision.
Development of a multi‐layer quality assurance program to evaluate the uncertainty of deformable dose accumulation in adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Zhong Hualiang , Garcia‐Alvarez Juan A. , Kainz Kristofer , Tai An , Ahunbay Ergun , Erickson Beth , Schultz Christopher J. , Li X. Allen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeDeformable dose accumulation (DDA) has uncertainties which impede the implementation of DDA‐based adaptive radiotherapy (ART) in clinic. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi‐layer quality assurance (MLQA) program to evaluate uncertainties in DDA.MethodsA computer program is developed to generate a pseudo‐inverse displacement vector field (DVF) for each deformable image registration (DIR) performed in Accuray's PreciseART. The pseudo‐inverse DVF is first used to calculate a pseudo‐inverse consistency error (PICE) and then implemented in an energy and mass congruent mapping (EMCM) method to reconstruct a deformed dose. The PICE is taken as a metric to estimate DIR uncertainties. A pseudo‐inverse dose agreement rate (PIDAR) is used to evaluate the consequence of the DIR uncertainties in DDA and the principle of energy conservation is used to validate the integrity of dose mappings. The developed MLQA program was tested using the data collected from five representative cancer patients treated with tomotherapy.ResultsDIRs were performed in PreciseART to generate primary DVFs for the five patients. The fidelity index and PICE of these DVFs on average are equal to 0.028 mm and 0.169 mm, respectively. With the criteria of 3 mm/3% and 5 mm/5%, the PIDARs of the PreciseART‐reconstructed doses are 73.9 ± 4.4% and 87.2 ± 3.3%, respectively. The PreciseART and EMCM‐based dose reconstructions have their deposited energy changed by 5.6 ± 3.9% and 2.6 ± 1.5% in five GTVs, and by 9.2 ± 7.8% and 4.7 ± 3.6% in 30 OARs, respectively.ConclusionsA pseudo‐inverse map‐based EMCM program has been developed to evaluate DIR and dose mapping uncertainties. This program could also be used as a sanity check tool for DDA‐based ART.
19. Deutscher Fluortag in Schmitten
Authors: Malischewski Moritz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNach vierjähriger Pause trafen sich Ende September rund 100 Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler zum 19. Deutschen Fluortag. Die dreitägige Konferenz fand in Schmitten im Taunus statt. Traditionsgemäß stehen dabei die Promovierenden und ihre Forschung im Mittelpunkt. Die 37 Vorträge unterstrichen die Relevanz der Fluorchemie als interdisziplinäre Querschnittswissenschaft.