bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Extensive Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level Exceedances Following Remediation by In Situ Chemical Oxidation
Authors: Herman John P. , Missimer Thomas M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with activated persulfate is commonly used for the remediation of petroleum impacted soil and groundwater because of its proven efficiency and the perception that reaction end products are completely innocuous. While the reaction products are less hazardous compared to the contaminants being treated, they may inadvertently prolong site closure in areas that have adopted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs) as enforceable standards. This study examines the occurrence and persistence of iron, manganese, sulfate, sodium, and total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater following persulfate ISCO. The concentrations of these chemicals were observed remaining above their respective regulatory criteria almost 3 years following the chemical application. Background concentrations and mobilization due to the petroleum contamination and ISCO application are also evaluated. Baseline sampling revealed substantially higher iron and manganese concentrations inside the plume area compared to the upgradient and downgradient wells suggesting mobilization due to redox reactions occurring inside of the plume. Iron was not a component in the applied chemical formula, yet the iron concentration spiked by 366% in the key monitoring well during the first post‐remediation monitoring event. Ionic interactions between the ISCO amendment and native soils are believed to be responsible for displacing significant quantities of iron from the soil. Sulfate, sodium, and TDS exceedances are primarily associated with decomposition products of the ISCO amendments. The iron, manganese, sulfate, sodium, and TDS concentrations are trending downward over time, but still exceed regulatory criteria or pre‐ISCO concentrations.
Extracellular vesicles from helicobacter pylori‐infected cells and helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles in atherosclerosis
Authors: Qiang Liming , Hu Jianguo , Tian Mingyuan , Li Yu , Ren Chao , Deng Yi , Jiang Yuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of H. pylori infection has been reported in various extragastric diseases, particularly, the correlation between H. pylori and atherosclerosis (AS) have received lots of attention. Some scholars demonstrated that the presence of H. pylori‐specific DNA in the sclerotic plaques of atheromatous patients provides biological evidences, with indicating that H. pylori infection is a potential factor of AS. However, the underlying mechanism of H. pylori or their products cross the epithelial barriers to enter the blood circulation remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from H. pylori‐infected gastric epithelial cells encapsulated H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin‐associated gene A (CagA) and existed in the blood samples of patients or mice, which indicating that they can carry CagA into the blood circulation. Based on these findings, some researchers proposed a hypothesis that H. pylori is involved in the pathogenesis of AS via EVs‐based mechanisms. In addition, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) serve as transport vehicles to deliver H. pylori virulence factors to epithelial cells. It is necessary to discuss the role of H. pylori OMVs in the development of AS.ObjectivesThis review will focus on the correlation between H. pylori infection and AS and tried to unveil the possible role of EVs from H. pylori‐infected cells and H. pylori OMVs in the pathogenesis of AS, with a view to providing help in refining our knowledge in this aspect.MethodsAll of information included in this review was retrieved from published studies on H. pylori infection in AS.ResultsH. pylori infection may be an atherosclerotic risk factor and drives researchers to reevaluate the role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of AS. Some findings proposed a new hypothesis that H. pylori may be involved in the pathogenesis of AS through EVs‐based mechanisms. Besides EVs from H. pylori‐infected cells, whether H. pylori OMVs may play some role in the pathogenesis of AS is still remain unclear.ConclusionExisting epidemiological and clinical evidence had shown that there is a possible association between H. pylori and AS. However, except for the larger randomized controlled trials, more basic research about EVs from H. pylori‐infected cells and H. pylori OMVs is the need of the hour to unveil the possible role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of AS.
Arabic‐language manuscript and print as a source for Indian Ocean Islamic history: The case of East Africa
Authors: Bang Anne K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the Indian Ocean Islamic world, Arabic‐language texts have been the foundation of what has been called an Arabic cosmopolis and a Sunni Islamic ecumene. In East Africa, this historical material can be found in extant collections in manuscript and printed form, and has formed the basis of research over the past decades that investigate local, regional and trans‐oceanic Islamic histories. The nature of this corpus means that it is spread across several modern nation states and a diverse range of custodians. Here is offered an overview of the material available for research in the Western part of the Indian Ocean, also known as the Swahili world. The Arabic textual material that can be found in this part of the Indian Ocean has a strong potential to enrich the study of Islam in the region, but also to inform the wider field of Islamic history. This article offers pointers to avenues for future research.
Grain coalescence in (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C during spark plasma sintering
Authors: Xu Jingkun , Zhao Fangnan , He Shan , Liu Zetan , Xie Zhipeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh‐entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C ceramics (HEC) are fabricated via spark plasma sintering using different die configurations, including the conductive and insulating dies. Compared to the conductive die, the grain sizes of samples sintered in the insulating die are significantly larger, which is attributed to the higher local temperature as a result of the higher current density in the sample. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution and grain growth mechanism of HEC are investigated for the first time. We find that at moderate temperatures (∼1600°C), the grain growth of HEC can occur by a grain coalescence mechanism, forming numerous irregular grains in the porous sample. Three factors are crucial to induce grain coalescence, including the formation of partial melting layers on particle surfaces, nanograin rearrangement via rotation and sliding, and the formation of low‐angle grain boundaries. During the final sintering stage, the irregular grains will change into polyhedral shapes by grain boundary migration. These findings are of assistance to better understand and control the microstructure evolution of HEC and other ultrahigh‐temperature carbide ceramics.
Preparation of high entropy nitride ceramic nanofibers from liquid precursor for CO2 photocatalytic reduction
Authors: Li Wei , Sun Yanan , Ye Li , Han Weijian , Chen Fenghua , Zhang Jianling , Zhao Tong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSubjected to the manufacturing methods (sputtering or mechanochemical synthesis), the reported high entropy nitrides (HENs) were limited to the forms of coating and powder. Here, we report a novel strategy in preparing HEN ceramic nanofibers (HENCNFs) from liquid precursor via electrospinning followed by high‐temperature NH3 atmosphere nitridation. The as‐prepared HENCNFs include five uniform dispersed metal elements, Ti, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Mo, and have a single face‐centered cubic structure. Interestingly, the obtained HENCNFs show photocatalyst activity in CO2 reduction. The product selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction is 96.4%, and no performance degradation was detected during five cycles photocatalysis test.
(Re)defining their place at the table: Frank discussions by adults with disabilities on contemporary self‐advocacy
Authors: Miller Amanda L. , Frye David , Green Thelma , Mitchell Cheri , Garcia George , Huereña Juliana , Moore Teresa , Turnage Vicki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdults with disabilities have long been at the forefront of disability advocacy in the United States. Grounded in the tenets of radical disability studies and principles of disability justice, this study explored the lived experiences of 12 adults with disabilities, including intellectual disability and developmental disabilities, with a particular focus on self‐advocacy. Two focus groups were primary data sources. Three participants and one university‐based researcher analyzed the data collaboratively. Iterative data collection and analysis yielded 8 primary codes and 22 subcodes. We discuss a subset of our findings, focusing on three major themes. The findings illuminated how adults with disabilities conceptualised self‐advocacy expansively, including self, other, and the collective. Participants also described problems they faced advocating. Finally, adults with disabilities shared solutions to inequities at individual, group, and societal levels. This project illustrates the importance of centering adults with disabilities in research and policy with implications for future thought.
Quantitative evaluation of insulin‐induced abdominal subcutaneous dystrophic tissue using shear wave elastography
Authors: Sato Genki , Uchino Hiroshi , Shimizu Yosuke , Tatebe Junko , Morita Toshisuke , Hirose Takahisa 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSubcutaneous dystrophic tissue (DT) produced by insulin injection causes dysglycemia owing to inadequate absorption of insulin. However, precise techniques for measuring DT have not been established. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is an imaging technology that can quantify tissue stiffness. In this study, insulin injection‐induced DT was quantified using SWE to generate whole‐abdominal wall subcutaneous tissue by three‐dimensional (3D) imaging in patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated with multiple insulin injections.Materials and MethodsSeven patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited who received long‐standing multiple insulin injections. Using SWE, the shear wave velocity (SWV) of DT and control (normal subcutaneous tissue) was measured. Furthermore, two of seven patients underwent whole‐abdominal SWE examination to calculate the proportion of DT. A subcutaneous insulin tolerance test was also performed in both the DT and control tissues.ResultsThe SWV in DT was significantly higher than that in the control tissue (2.87 [2.66–2.98] vs 1.29 [1.23–1.44] m/s, P < 0.01). The proportion of the DT volume was 0.67% and 5.21% for two individuals from the entire abdominal subcutaneous tissue volume. The area under the curve for the subcutaneously injected insulin aspart concentration at the DT sites was lower than that of the control tissue (75.0 [52.1–111] vs 116 [86.9–152.5] h*mU/L, P = 0.1).ConclusionsSWE can be useful in quantifying abdominal subcutaneous insulin‐induced DT, especially the 3D volume of insulin injection‐induced DT from the entire abdominal subcutaneous tissue. This study is the first to examine the volume and distribution of abdominal subcutaneous DT using SWE.
Stable isotopes demonstrate seasonally stable benthic‐pelagic coupling as newly fixed nutrients are rapidly transferred through food chains in an estuarine fish community
Authors: Cobain Matthew R. D. , McGill Rona A. R. , Trueman Clive N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeasonal differences in the availability of resources potentially result in the food web architecture also varying through time. Stable isotope analyses are a logistically simple but powerful tool for inferring trophic interactions and food web structure, but relatively few studies quantify seasonal variations in the food web structure or nutrient flux across multiple trophic levels. We determined the temporal dynamics in stable isotope compositions (carbon, nitrogen and sulphur) of a fish community from a highly seasonal, temperate estuary sampled monthly over a full annual cycle. Sulphur isotope values in fish tissues discriminated among consumers exploiting pelagic and benthic resources but showed no seasonal variation. This implied limited change in the relative consumption of pelagic and benthic resources by the fish community over the study period despite major seasonal changes in phytoplankton biomass. Conversely, carbon and nitrogen isotope values exhibited seasonality marked by the commencement of the spring phytoplankton bloom and peak chlorophyll concentration, with δ13C values following expected trends in phytoplankton growth physiology and variation in δ15N values coinciding with changes in major nitrogen sources to plankton between nitrate and ammonium. Isotope shifts in fish muscle were detected within 2 weeks of the peak spring phytoplankton bloom, suggesting a rapid trophic transfer of carbon and nitrogen along food chains within the estuarine food web during periods of high production. Therefore we caution against the assumption that temporal averaging effectively dampens isotopic variability in tissues of higher trophic‐level animals in highly dynamic ecosystems, such as temperate estuaries. This work highlights how stable isotope analyses can be combined with environmental data to gain a broader understanding of ecosystem functioning, while emphasising the need for temporally appropriate sampling in stable isotope‐based studies.
Development of a quality of life questionnaire for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (the PANNET module)
Authors: Ramage John K. , Friend Elizabeth , Randell Jordan , KING Barbara , Fernandez Ortega Paz , McNamara Mairéad G. , Kaltsas Gregory , Falconi Massimo , Cwikla Jaroslav , Capdevila Jaume , Grozinsky‐Glasberg Simona , Mandair Dalvinder , Gamper Eva , Srirajaskanthan Raj , O Weickert Martin , Gray Debra ,   the EORTC Quality of Life Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractPancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (panNET) are heterogeneous neoplasms usually characterised by slow growth and secretion of hormones, which often cause symptoms. The effect of these symptoms on quality of life (QoL) has not previously been examined in detail. EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) guidelines were followed in phases 1–3 to produce a potential module of questions usable for trials in panNET, focusing on three common types of panNET. For two less common types, a list of symptoms was constructed. Following an extensive literature search and phase 1a interviews with patients and healthcare workers, a long list of potential issues (169) was obtained. This list was shown to 12 patients from three countries in phase 1b interviews to check that no items were missed. The list was reduced to 57 issues. The list of issues was converted to questions, mainly from existing validated questions within the EORTC item library. The list of questions was then used in a phase 3 international study in eight countries using seven languages. A provisional module of 24 items is presented for use in nonfunctioning panNET, gastrinoma and insulinoma. This module increases knowledge concerning QoL in this condition and may be a useful adjunct in clinical trials. A phase 4 trial is being considered for validation of this questionnaire.
Favorable effect after single treatment session of 755‐nm‐picosecond laser with a diffractive optic lens on facial wrinkles and pore size in Asians
Authors: Sun Yng , Yang Ting‐Ting , Chih Pei‐Ling , Chen Yin‐Chun , Lan Cheng‐Che Eric 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesLaser therapy has become one of the mainstay treatments for improving signs of aging including wrinkles, large pores, and skin pigmentation. However, in patients with pigmented skin, an increase in complications including post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) has been noted. The purpose of this study is to investigate not only the safety profile of 755‐nm picosecond laser with diffractive lens array (DLA) at approximately 2250 pulses on the face in people with darker skin, but also to evaluate its efficacy in treating wrinkles and pore sizes after one treatment session among different age groups.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective study enrolled patients between age 22 and 65 with both facial wrinkles and enlarged pore sizes. A total of 46 patients (7 male, 39 female, mean age 43) with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV were enrolled. Two independent data‐blinded dermatologists assessed and scored the improvements of patients’ wrinkles and pore sizes using photographs.ResultsAfter one treatment session, statistically significant improvements were observed in lateral canthal wrinkles (p < 0.001) and facial wrinkles (p = 0.014). In addition, greater percentage of the patients from the aged group (50–65 years) showed clinically significant improvement as compared with the younger group.ConclusionsFor patients with type III and IV skin, one session of DLA picosecond laser treatment at around 2250 pulses to the face is safe and effective for clinically meaningful improvement of the wrinkles and pore sizes, especially for the patients from 50‐ to 65‐years of age.
Subcutaneous tissue necrosis with fat liquefaction, hematoma, inflammatory mass after microwave‐based treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Huang Lvping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAxillary hyperhidrosis (AH) and bromhidrosis are common complaints in Asians for consultation in dermatology. A microwave‐based device has gradually become a first option option during this decade because of the safety and efficacy both for AH and osmidrosis. Other complications reported are transient median and ulnar neuropathy and brachial plexus injury with sensory and motor dysfunction. We herein report a rare case of subcutaneous tissue necrosis with fat liquefaction, hematoma that occurred after microwave‐based treatment. It took 3 weeks for both sides to recover completely. The case prompt us that one pass treatment for the same treatment area and cooling to relieve the pain for 24 h. Appropriate restriction of movement should be emphasized within 1 month after treatment. Moreover, caution is needed when bumps enlarged rapidly.
The impact of narratives of the future on fertility intentions in Norway
Authors: Lappegård Trude , Kristensen Axel Peter , Dommermuth Lars , Minello Alessandra , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the effect of exposure to different economic narratives of the future on fertility intentions of Norwegian couples.BackgroundFertility patterns should not only be interpreted in relation to economic uncertainty conceptualized as objective constraints. One should also consider that subjective narratives of economic uncertainty may have a significant role in fertility decision‐making.MethodData were collected from a controlled laboratory experiment of both partners in heterosexual couples in fall 2019 in Oslo, Norway (N = 838). The participants were randomly assigned to read either a negative or a positive future economic scenario, while a control group was not assigned to any scenario.ResultsThe economic scenarios influenced couples' fertility intentions, with the negative scenario causing a clear decrease in fertility intentions and the positive scenario causing an increase in fertility intentions. Men and women responded in similar ways to the scenarios. The effect of exposure to the scenarios is not moderated by objective measures such as couple employment status and income, except in one case.ConclusionOur experimental setting demonstrates that people's fertility intentions are shaped by their subjective view of the future economic situation.
Patent waiver on COVID‐19 vaccine: Indonesian law perspective
Authors: Ramli Ahmad M. , Ramli Tasya S. , Hutauruk Gabriela M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe second year of the COVID‐19 pandemic has not shown any sign of decline. Considering that COVID‐19 is a new virus variant, and vaccines are pharmaceutical and life science products that are full of inventions and innovations, the issue of vaccine patents is in the spotlight and attention of the world. Previously, Indonesia had taken the Government's Patent Implementation mechanism for antiviral and antiretroviral drugs used for HIV and Hepatitis B in an effort to reduce the price of these drugs. In light of the global impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic that causes a large number of victims, the idea arose to apply a patent waiver to the COVID‐19 vaccine. Second, to formulate what efforts the Government of Indonesia can take in responding to the patent waiver. Results of this study indicate that a patent waiver will actually have an impact on the exclusive rights attached to the inventor, but efforts to implement patents by the Government while respecting patent holders are considered appropriate in emergency conditions such as the COVID‐19 pandemic situation, to increase the supply of vaccines globally and provide convenience for the public to access the COVID‐19 vaccine. Second, in an effort to address the COVID‐19 vaccine patent waiver, Indonesia can apply the Government's Patent Implementation for the COVID‐19 vaccine to reduce the price of the vaccine to fulfill public health rights in the midst of the pandemic, while still respecting the vaccine inventors.
Ecosystem consequences of introducing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to managed systems and potential legacy effects
Authors: Moore Jessica A. M. , Abraham Paul E. , Michener Joshua K. , Muchero Wellington , Cregger Melissa A. 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe rapidly growing industry of crop biostimulants leverages the application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to promote plant growth and health. However, introducing nonnative rhizobacteria may impact other aspects of ecosystem functioning and have legacy effects; these potential consequences are largely unexplored. Nontarget consequences of PGPR may include changes in resident microbiomes, nutrient cycling, pollinator services, functioning of other herbivores, disease suppression, and organic matter persistence. Importantly, we lack knowledge of whether these ecosystem effects may manifest in adjacent ecosystems. The introduced PGPR can leave a functional legacy whether they persist in the community or not. Legacy effects include shifts in resident microbiomes and their temporal dynamics, horizontal transfer of genes from the PGPR to resident taxa, and changes in resident functional groups and interaction networks. Ecosystem functions may be affected by legacies PGPR leave following niche construction, such as when PGPR alter soil pH that in turn alters biogeochemical cycling rates. Here, we highlight new research directions to elucidate how introduced PGPR impact resident microbiomes and ecosystem functions and their capacity for legacy effects.