bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An association between cancer type and delirium incidence in Japanese elderly patients: A retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Yamato Kentaro , Ikeda Ai , Endo Motoki , Filomeno Ronald , Kiyohara Kosuke , Inada Ken , Nishimura Katsuji , Tanigawa Takeshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is not a known elevated prevalence of delirium in older adult cancer patients. However, it is unknown if the incidence of delirium varies by cancer type among older adult patients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between the incidence of delirium and cancer type among older adult patients using a Japanese hospital‐based administrative claims database.MethodsA total of 76,868 patients over 65 years of age or older, first diagnosed with cancer on an initial date of hospitalization between April 2008 and December 2019, were included in this retrospective longitudinal study. Delirium was defined by the World Health Organization's International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐10) codes or antipsychotic medication use. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to estimate the risk of delirium incidence according to 22 cancer types during the one‐year hospitalization period.ResultsThe incidence rates of delirium were 17.1% for men and 15.3% for women. Compared to gastric cancer, the risk of delirium was significantly higher for pancreatic cancer (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11–1.42 for men; HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11–1.45 for women), leukemia (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.41 for men; HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.41 for women), and oropharyngeal cancer (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10–1.54 for men; HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02–1.72 for women) after adjusting for age, initial hospitalization year, antipsychotic medications, and surgery.ConclusionsAs compared to gastric cancer, patients with pancreatic cancer, leukemia, oropharyngeal cancer were found to have a higher risk of developing delirium. Our study findings suggested that the risk of delirium incidence may vary by cancer type.
Assessment of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil in patients with oral cavity cancer
Authors: Fu Jin Ye , Yue Xiu Hui , Dong Min Jun , Li Jiang , Zhang Chen Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (TPF) has been studied in patients with head and neck cancer. Its impact on patients with oral cavity cancer was not specified.MethodsWe consecutively reviewed medical files of patients with untreated oral cavity cancer who received neoadjuvant TPF chemotherapy in our department from January 2017 to April 2020. Outcomes included the objective response to TPF chemotherapy, factors associated with the response, and progression and survival in different response groups.ResultsA total of 167 patients were included, with half of stage IV disease. Complete or partial response was observed in 51 patients. A total of 91 patients had stable disease, and 25 patients had progressive disease. The response was not associated with age, sex, anatomic subsite, and the tumor's T stage. It was related with N stage (p < 0.001) and clinical stage (p = 0.004). Most patients with bulky nodes or nodes with obvious necrosis showed low response or even progressed after neoadjuvant TPF chemotherapy. The planned surgery was conducted in 159 patients. Disease relapse mostly occurred in 2 years after treatment. The 2‐year overall survival and the progression‐free survival were 89.0% and 85.2% for patients with complete or partial response, 62.4% and 55.6% for patients with stable disease, and 12.5% and 4.2% for patients with progressive disease, respectively.ConclusionsThe response of neoadjuvant TPF chemotherapy in patients with oral cavity cancer is related to disease stage, especially the nodal stage. Patients with complete or partial response developed less progression events and better survival.
Patient preferences regarding treatment options for Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Amaador Karima , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , Minnema Monique C. , Kersten Marie José , Vos Josephine M. I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionTreatment options for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM) have expanded rapidly in the last decades. However, there is no consensus on a preferred treatment. Therefore, patient preferences become increasingly important in making individualized treatment plans. Still, WM patients' priorities and perspectives regarding their treatment options are unknown. We evaluated treatment preferences of WM patients using a discrete choice experiment (DCE).MethodsA mixed‐method approach was utilized for identification and selection of attributes/levels. The DCE questionnaire included five attributes: type of agent (targeted versus chemotherapy); frequency and route of administration; 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS); adverse events; and risk of secondary malignancies. An orthogonal design and a mixed logit panel data model were used to construct choice tasks and assess patient preferences, respectively.ResultsThree hundred thirty WM patients participated in the project. In total, 214 (65%) complete questionnaires were included for data analysis. The 5‐year PFS, followed by risk of secondary malignancies were the most important attributes for making treatment choices. Regarding side effects, patients chose to avoid neuropathy the most compared to nausea/vomiting and extreme fatigue. Patients preferred a fixed‐duration treatment with IV/SC administration at the hospital over a continuous daily oral regimen at home.ConclusionThese are the first systematic data obtained on WM patient preferences for treatment. The results may help discussions with individual patients about their treatment choices. Also, these data can help design clinical trials in WM and inform health‐care decision‐making regarding outcomes that are most relevant to patients.
Datura poisoning in a family: Case series and literature review
Authors: Khoshnam‐Rad Niloofar , Heydari Marziyeh , Mohammadi Keyhan , Mashayekhi Mojgan , Sahraei Zahra , Gholami Kheirollah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDatura spp. is a potentially poisonous plant that is widely spread and is simply accessible, which can yield poisoning with a central and peripheral anticholinergic effect. We reported cases of family poisoning caused by the herbal tea with refreshing effects that were identified as Datura spp.
Six‐Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Diclofenac Sodium via Cascade Etherification/Smiles Rearrangement Strategy: Tackling the Issues of Batch Processing
Authors: Wang Lulu , Liu Minjie , Jiang Meifen , Wan Li , Li Weijian , Cheng Dang , Chen Fener 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Dang Cheng, Fener Chen and co‐workers at Fudan University. The image depicts six‐step continuous‐flow synthesis of diclofenac sodium from commercially available aniline and chloroacetic acid in a desktop microchemical plant. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202201420.
Morphology and synaptic connections of pigment‐dispersing factor‐immunoreactive neurons projecting to the lateral protocerebrum in the large black chafer, Holotrichia parallela
Authors: Hamanaka Yoshitaka , Lu Zhiyuan , Shiga Sakiko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPigment‐dispersing factor (PDF) is a well‐known output neuropeptide modulator of circadian pacemakers in insects. Here, we investigated PDF‐immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the brain of the large black chafer Holotrichia parallela to search for circadian neural components, which are potentially involved in its circabidian rhythm. PDF‐ir cells were exclusively detected near the accessory medulla (AME) as a cluster of ∼ 100 cells with almost homogeneous size. No other cells exhibited immunoreactivity. The PDF‐ir cells send beaded fibers into the proximal half of the AME and ventral elongation in an anterior region between the medulla (ME) and lobula (LO). Neither the lamina, ME, LO, nor lobula plate receives PDF‐ir fibers. Primary axons derived from the PDF‐ir cells extend toward the contralateral hemisphere through the dorsolateral protocerebrum anterior to the calyx to connect the bilateral AME. The axons form varicose outgrowths exclusively in the lateral protocerebrum. Double labeling with antisynapsin revealed partial overlaps between PDF‐ir varicosities and synapsin‐ir puncta. Thus, it was assumed that the PDF‐ir fibers form output synapses there. To verify this, we investigated the ultrastructure of the PDF‐ir varicosities in the lateral protocerebrum by preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. The PDF‐ir profiles contain small clear synaptic vesicles as well as both PDF‐positive and PDF‐negative dense‐core vesicles, and the profiles form output synapses upon unknown profiles and receive synapses from other PDF‐ir profiles. PDF neurons near the AME are considered to be prominent circadian pacemakers in the cockroach and flies. Their possible function in the circabidian rhythm was discussed based on these anatomical insights.
Parallel algorithm for synthetic image generation with application to tokamak plasma diagnostics
Authors: Delwadia Kirtan , Bhatt Dhruvil , Purohit Shishir , Chaudhury Bhaskar 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThe tomographic reconstruction is a powerful diagnostic tool in nuclear fusion experiments for the determination of the shape and position of the plasma. However, neural networks are emerging as a suitable alternative to conventional plasma tomography algorithms. In order to train such AI/ML based models, we need large‐scale, diversified image data for learning and evaluation which is difficult to obtain from real experiments. Accuracy and real‐time response is also critical, therefore in this article we propose an effective shared memory based parallel algorithm for synthetic imaging diagnostic data generation. The practicality of the proposed parallel algorithm has been evaluated experimentally by comparing it to the sequential algorithm on two different computing architectures. We observe a maximum speedup of 21 at 32 threads and demonstrate that our proposed parallel algorithm scales well over a range of image sizes. The proposed parallel algorithm can be used to obtain the synthetic images within a few seconds which is very important for real time applications. We also provide an analysis on the importance of choosing the right scheduling type and optimum chunk size to obtain the maximum speedup.
The immunopathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children: diagnostics, treatment and prevention
Authors: Patel Harsita , McArdle Andrew , Seaby Eleanor , Levin Michael , Whittaker Elizabeth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSymptoms and outcomes for paediatric COVID‐19 differ vastly from those for adults, with much lower morbidity and mortality. Immunopathogenesis drives severe outcomes in adults, and it is likely that age‐related differences in both the innate and specific immune responses underlie much of the variation. Understanding the protective features of the paediatric immune system may be crucial to better elucidate disease severity in adult COVID‐19 and may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches. However, as well as uncommon cases of severe paediatric acute COVID‐19, there have been children who have presented with delayed multisystem inflammation, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, skin, mucosa and central nervous system involvement. The occurrence of coronary artery aneurysms has drawn comparisons with Kawasaki Disease, but similarities with the inflammatory phase of adult acute COVID‐19 have also been drawn. In this review, we summarise findings from studies investigating pre‐existing immunity, cytokine profiles, innate, B‐cell, antibody, T‐cell and vaccine responses in children with acute COVID‐19 and multisystem inflammation, compared with COVID‐19 adults and controls. We further consider the relevance to therapeutics in the context of limited evidence in children and highlight key questions to be answered about the immune response of children to SARS‐CoV‐2.
Distannadithiophenes and Their Application towards Hydroboration of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Sa Shreenibasa , Ponniah Joseph S. , Biswal Priyabrata , Sathesh Venkatesan , Murali Anna Chandrasekar , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSynthesis of distannadithiophenes (C6H6S)2Sn2Ar4) with different aryl substituents is presented. These air‐stable distannadithiophenes were tested as catalysts for the hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Among the different distannadithiophenes tested, tetra‐tolyl distannadithiophene showed better catalytic activity over other compounds. A wide variety of aldehydes and ketones were reduced to their corresponding boronate esters using tetra‐tolyl distannadithiophene as a catalyst at room temperature.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with chronic liver disease: Results from the Global Liver Registry
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Yilmaz Yusuf , El‐Kassas Mohamed , Duseja Ajay , Hamid Saeed , Esmat Gamal , Méndez‐Sánchez Nahum , Chan Wah Kheong , Singal Ashwani K. , Lam Brian , Felix Sean , Younossi Elena , Verma Manisha , Price Jillian K. , Nader Fatema , Younossi Issah , Racila Andrei , Stepanova Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Patients with preexisting chronic liver disease (CLD) may experience a substantial burden from both coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and pandemic‐related life disruption. We assessed the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients with CLD. Patients enrolled in our Global Liver Registry were invited to complete a COVID‐19 survey. As of June 2021, 2500 patients (mean age ± SD, 49 ± 13 years; 53% men) from seven countries completed the survey. Of all survey completers, 9.3% had COVID‐19. Of these patients, 19% were hospitalized, 13% needed oxygen support, but none required mechanical ventilation. Of all patients including those not infected with COVID‐19, 11.3% reported that the pandemic had an impact on their liver disease, with 73% of those reporting delays in follow‐up care. The Life Disruption Event Perception questionnaire confirmed worsening in at least one area (food/nutrition, exercise, social life, vocation/education, financial situation, housing, or health care) in 81% and 69% of patients with and without a history of COVID‐19, respectively (p = 0.0001). On a self‐assessed Likert health score scale (range, 1–10; 10 indicates perfect health), patients with a COVID‐19 history scored lower (mean ± SD, 6.7 ± 2.2 vs. 7.4 ± 2.2, respectively; p < 0.0001) despite reporting similar health scores if there was no pandemic (mean ± SD, 8.5 ± 1.4 vs. 8.4 ± 1.6, respectively; p = 0.59). After adjustment for country of enrollment, liver disease etiology and severity, age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, and history of psychiatric comorbidities, COVID‐19 was found to be independently associated with lower self‐assessed health scores (beta = −0.71 ± 0.14; p < 0.0001). The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a substantial burden on the daily life of patients with CLD.
Critical realism methodology as a guiding framework for interdisciplinary theory enrichment: Reflections on a study of empowerment
Authors: Ellison Erin Rose , Langhout Regina Day 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhilosophy of science and ontological assumptions underpin our work as scholars, explicitly, or implicitly. In this paper, we develop empowerment theory with a critical realism (CR) lens. Through the example of a study of empowerment, we examine how can it be used as a guiding paradigm for research in community psychology (CP). We sought to increase theoretical rigor by using a CR approach to interdisciplinarity. We put empowerment into conversation with Social Reproduction Theory and Black, Indigenous, People of Color feminisms, because both represent situated knowledge that address experiences with oppression and focus on dismantling systems of oppression. We illustrate how a CR approach shaped our understanding of empowerment, and in turn, provided an analysis that was (a) more nuanced and actionable, (b) more aligned with CP values and definitions of social justice, and (c) more likely to contribute to the field by developing an intersectional anticapitalist and feminist intervention into empowerment literature. This paper highlights how, aligned with an interdisciplinary CR approach, we questioned assumptions about empowerment theory, which influenced our empirical work so that we could provide a more focused critique of unjust social arrangements, and with it, the possibility to act upon those arrangements.
Adequate funding of comprehensive community‐based programs for key populations needed now more than ever to reach and sustain HIV targets
Authors: DiCarlo Meghan C. , Dallabetta Gina A. , Akolo Chris , Bautista‐Arredondo Sergio , Digolo H. Victor , Fonner Virginia A. , Kumwenda Grace Jill , Mbulaje Patrick , Mwangi Peninah W. , Persuad Navindra E. , Sikwese Simon , Wheeler Tisha A. , Wolf R. Cameron , Mahler Hally R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, over half of the estimated new HIV infections now occur among key populations, including men who have sex with men, sex workers, people who inject drugs, transgender individuals, and people in prisons and other closed settings, and their sexual partners. Reaching epidemic control will, for many countries, increasingly require intensified programming and targeted resource allocation to meet the needs of key populations and their sexual partners. However, insufficient funding, both in terms of overall amounts and the way the funding is spent, contributes to the systematic marginalization of key populations from needed HIV services.DiscussionThe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has recently highlighted the urgent need to take action to end inequalities, including those faced by key populations, which have only been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. To address these inequalities and improve health outcomes, key population programs must expand the use of a trusted access platform, scale up differentiated service delivery models tailored to the needs of key populations, rollout structural interventions and ensure service integration. These critical program elements are often considered “extras,” not necessities, and consequently costing studies of key population programs systematically underestimate the total and unitary costs of services for key populations. Findings from a recent costing study from the LINKAGES project suggest that adequate funding for these four program elements can yield benefits in program performance. Despite this and other evidence, the lack of data on the true costs of these elements and the costs of failing to provide them prevents sufficient investment in these critical elements.ConclusionsAs nations strive to reach the 2030 UNAIDS goals, donors, governments and implementers should reconsider the true, but often hidden costs in future healthcare dollars and in lives if they fail to invest in the community‐based and community‐driven key population programs that address structural inequities. Supporting these efforts contributes to closing the remaining gaps in the 95‐95‐95 goals. The financial and opportunity cost of perpetuating inequities and missing those who must be reached in the last mile of HIV epidemic control must be considered.
Decision‐making behavior in the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage tourism
Authors: Hsu Fu Chieh , Zhang Su , Zhang Yang , Lee Timothy J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study explores the sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) tourism from a rational behavioral process perspective based on the theory of planned behavior. A multi‐level conceptual model of ICH tourism and its intentions for sustainable development, including formal rationality and substantive rationality, is constructed. We discovered that it is not only altruistic intention that contributes to decision‐making in the sustainable development of ICH tourism, but egoistic benefit also has an impact on such decisions. This is an explorative study that provides a hierarchical linear conceptual framework for the sustainable development of ICH tourism by discussing practitioners' decision‐making behavior.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Entangled Melts at High Rates: Identifying Entanglement Lockup Mechanism Leading to True Strain Hardening
Authors: Zheng Yexin , Tsige Mesfin , Wang Shi‐Qing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present work, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out based on the bead‐spring model to indicate how the entanglement lockup manifests in the late stage of fast Rouse‐Weissnberg number (WiR>>1) uniaxial melt stretching of entangled polymer melts. At high strains, distinct features show up to reveal the emergence of an increasingly tightened entanglement network. Chain tension can build up, peaking at the middle of the chain, to a level for chain scission, through accumulated interchain interactions, as if there is a tug‐of‐war ongoing for each load‐bearing chain. Thanks to the interchain uncrossability, network junctions form by the pairing of two or more hairpins. It is hypothesized that the interchain entanglement at junctions can lockup through prevailing twist‐like interchain couplings as long as WiR > 9. In this limit, a significant fraction of chains act like cyclic chains to form a network held by interchain uncrossability, and appreciable chain tension emerges.
Bioinspired, Ultra‐Fast Polymerization of Dopamine under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhou Xiaoman , Gao Sijia , Huang Di , Lu Zhengbo , Guan Ying , Zou Lei , Hu Keling , Zhao Zhuo , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpontaneous oxidative polymerization of dopamine (DA) is widely exploited as a facile and versatile method for surface modification. However, the reaction is very slow and only occurs in alkaline solutions, which severely limit its applications. Herein it is reported that the reaction can be dramatically accelerated by using Fe2+ as catalyst. While it takes hours and days using conventional method, the Fe2+‐catalyzed reaction finishes almost immediately at pH 7.0. In addition, under the catalysis of Fe2+, the reaction can occur at a pH down to 4.0. The fast Fe2+‐catalyzed polymerization of DA leads to fast deposition of polydopamine (PDA) coating, thus allowing fast surface modification and textile dyeing. The Fe2+‐catalyzed reaction also allows spatial control over the PDA deposition. The fast, simple, and mild surface modification method developed here will find applications in numerous fields.
Development and validation of a computationally efficient hybrid model for temporal high‐resolution simulations of geothermal bore fields
Authors: Düber Stephan , Ziegler Martin , Fuentes Raul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a hybrid simulation approach for 1U‐, 2U‐ and coaxial single, and field of, borehole heat exchangers. We implement a novel combination of existing solutions for the simulation of heat transfer processes within the borehole and the surrounding ground. The heat transfer in the ground is modelled with a combination of analytically determined g‐functions, the borehole models utilize thermal resistance capacity models and the finite volume method. Critically, we improve the computational efficiency of long‐term simulations by sub‐dividing the time scale into multiple periods, where the influence of past periods on future periods is calculated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is validated against single borehole numerical models and a 40 bore field case study. The method achieves computational times reductions of over 90% in some cases, with greater improvement as the simulation time increases.