bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K7 of the air-kerma standards of the KRISS, Republic of Korea, and the BIPM in mammography x-rays
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D , Roger P , Yi Chul-Young , Kim Yun Ho 
Published: November 2022

Main text
A first key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the KRISS, Republic of Korea, and the BIPM in mammography x-ray beams. The results show the standards to be in agreement at the level of the expanded uncertainty for the comparison of 4.4 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
APMP.M.H-S6 final report of the supplementary comparison of Vickers hardness
Authors: Pakkratoke Montree , Sasom Nitiwat , Hattori Koichiro , Tak Nae Hyung , Wu Chung-Lin , Bin Jarbua Sami A , Al Ayden Mohammed , Al Anazi Abdulrahman 
Published: November 2022

Main text
This report purposed the results of supplementary comparison of Vickers hardness, APMP.M.H-S6, among five National Metrology Institutes (NIMT, NMIJ/AIST, KRISS, CMS/ITRI and SASO-NMCC). The comparison was carried out during November 2015 to January 2019 in order to determine the capability of the primary Vickers hardness standard, including standard conditions of each participant, to confirm the accuracy of Vickers hardness scale HV5, HV10, HV20, HV30, HV50 and HV100 measurement declared by each participant, which includes the effect of each participant's primary indenter, and determine the degrees of equivalence of hardness scale measurement in the range 100HV to 900HV. The pilot institute was the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT. There were 2 different types of artifacts for the comparison. The first and second set were the set of Vickers hardness comparison: hardness measurement. The third set is a set of diagonal length comparison: diagonal length measurement.
The measurement results of each participant were used to compute the degree of equivalence in comparison reference value (CRV) and the uncertainty of this deviation at a 95% level of confidence. The En parameter was calculated to express the equivalence between the measurements of participants as well.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
International comparison CCQM-K118 natural gas
Authors: Veen Adriaan M H van der , Zalewska Ewelina T , Kipphardt Heinrich , Beelen Roel R , Tuma Dirk , Maiwald Michael , Fükő Judit , Büki Tamás , Nagyné Szilágyi Zsófia , Beránek Jan , Cieciora Dariusz , Ochman Grzegorz , Kolasiński Piotr , Garnuszek Magdalena , Lis Anna , Kang Namgoo , Bae Hyun-Kil , Moon Dong-Min , Lee Sangil , Wu Hai , Ma Haomiao , Han Qiao , Smeulders Damian E , McCallum John B , Satumba Raymond , Shimosaka Takuya , Watanabe Takuro , Matsumoto Nobuhiro , Tshilongo James , Mogale David Mphara , Jozela Mudalo , Culleton Lucy P , Morris Abigail , Shah Nirav , Murugan Arul , Brewer Paul J , Brown Richard J C , Val'ková Miroslava , Tarhan Tanıl , Engin Erinç , Konopelko L A , Kustikov Yu A , Kolobova A V , Pankratov V V , Popova T A , Meshkov A V , Efremova O V 
Published: November 2022

Main text
CCQM-K118 was an international key comparison on natural gas composition with two types of gases, i.e., a low calorific hydrogen-enriched natural gas and a high calorific LNG type of gas. There were 14 participating laboratories. The traveling standards (i.e., 14 mixtures each) were obtained from an external source and checked for homogeneity and stability before and after the participants' measurements at the two coordinating laboratories. The data evaluation was performed using a consensus value and a laboratory effect model. The results of the participants were benchmarked against a key comparison reference value computed from the largest consistent subset (LCS) of the submitted results, adjusted for the differences between the travelling standards. For the first time in a key comparison in gas analysis, the model included a term to account for excess variability in the LCS. Most of the participants reported one or a few (slightly) discrepant results. Partly this is due to the heterogeneity and heteroscedasticity of the datasets. In all, the results in this key comparison demonstrate the good comparability of the national measurement standards for natural gas composition maintained by the participating NMIs.
Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Experimental feasibility of xenon-enhanced dual-energy radiography for imaging of lung function
Authors: Basharat Fateen , Tanguay Jesse 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. We experimentally investigated the feasibility of two-dimensional xenon-enhanced dual-energy (XeDE) radiography for imaging of lung function. We optimized image quality under quantum-noise-limited conditions using a chest phantom consisting of a rectangular chamber representing the thoracic volume and PMMA slabs simulating x-ray attenuation by soft tissue. A sealed, air-filled cavity with thin PMMA walls was positioned inside the chamber to simulate a 2 cm thick ventilation defect. The chamber was ventilated with xenon and dual-energy imaging was performed using a diagnostic x-ray tube and a flat-panel detector. The contrast-to-noise ratio of ventilation defects normalized by patient x-ray exposure maximized at a kV-pair of approximately 60/140-kV and when approximately one third of the total exposure was allocated to the HE image. We used the optimized technique to image a second phantom that contained lung-parenchyma-mimicking PMMA clutter, rib-mimicking aluminum slats and an insert that simulated ventilation defects with thicknesses ranging from 0.5 cm to 2 cm and diameters ranging from 1 cm to 2 cm. From the resulting images we computed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the non-prewhitening model observer with an eye filter and internal noise. For a xenon concentration of 75%, good AUCs (i.e. 0.8–0.9) to excellent AUCs (i.e. >0.9) were obtained when the defect diameter is greater than 1.3 cm and defect thickness is 1 cm. When the xenon concentration was reduced to 50%, the AUC was ∼0.9 for defects 1.2 cm in diameter and ∼1.5 cm in thickness. Two-dimensional XeDE radiography may therefore enable detection of functional abnormalities associated with early-stage COPD, for which xenon ventilation defects can occupy up to 20% of the lung volume, and should be further developed as a low-cost alternative to MRI-based approaches and a low-dose alternative to CT-based approaches.
Low-temperature in situ deposited CuI-based hole-transporter for perovskite solar cells efficiency enhancement
Authors: Li Hang , Fu Chao , Shi Lei , Li Chaorong , Pan Jiaqi , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
CuI hole transporter-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are prepared via a low-temperature in situ deposition method. As demonstrated, the results of x-ray diffraction indicate that the CuI hole-transporter has been fabricated successfully and obtained a better stability, and this can be supported by corresponding scanning electron microscopy, including the dense surface and clear cross section. Furthermore, a maximum incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of ∼16.78% is obtained at the CuI-based PSC cell with 2nd time deposition, which can be mainly attributed to the fact that, with the fewer defects in the high-quality interface and matched potential structure for promoting carrier interface immigration/diffusion, the CuI-based hole-transporter exhibits decent hole-extraction to make photo-generated electron/holes have a matched mobility. The remaining PbI2, with a better passivation, can inhibit carrier recombination, and both can improve the IPCE efficiently. Therefore, this lower cost and easily controlled technique is suitable for large-scale solar cells.
Low clock skew superconductor adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron logic circuits based on grid-distributed blocks
Authors: He Yuxing , Ayala Christopher L , Zeng Yu , Zou Xihua , Yan Lianshan , Pan Wei , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adiabatic quantum-flux-parametron (AQFP) is a promising superconductor logic family exhibiting extremely low switching energy. Traditional excitation of AQFP circuits depends on a pair of ac sources (i.e., four-phase clocking), whose currents are propagated throughout the chip to excite and clock each gate sequentially. This scheme, however, produces a considerably large clock skew due to the long propagation of the current pair and will heavily limit the scalability of an AQFP circuit. In this work, a global clocking scheme for low skew AQFP circuits is proposed based on microwave H-tree excitation networks and grid-distributed blocks. The H-tree network starts with a single transmission line (TL) but is exponentially split to several levels of TLs by using passive splitters, creating multiple leaves at the final level. A large-scale AQFP circuit can thus be distributed into several local blocks and clocked synchronously by the split currents from these leaves. Therefore, the accumulation of clock skew is limited to a small value only within each local block. For validation, a test circuit comprising four blocks with data interconnections between each other, and a 1-to-4 H-tree excitation network is demonstrated, where we obtain correct operation and wide excitation margins at gigahertz frequencies. The proposed clocking scheme is advantageous for the realization of very large-scale adiabatic superconductor logic circuits in the future.
Effects of field distribution on the tunneling time of ultracold atoms through high-quality cavities
Authors: Badshah Fazal , Zhou Yuan , Basit Abdul , Ullah Zia , Li Xin-Ke , He Qing , Huang Haibo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We explore the traversal essence of the ultracold atoms propagating through high-quality cavities in vacuum, Fock state and coherent field distribution. The atom-field interaction is considered for a two-photon resonance process which transforms into a scattering-like venture with non-zero reflection/transmission probabilities. Here the field statistics strongly effects the interaction process and hence the tunneling time of the incident atoms through the cavity. We examine the propagation of the wave packet peaks associated with the atoms and referred it as the phase time of tunneling. It is found that for suitable field distributions, demeanor of the tunneling time might be smartly transposed from sub- to the super-classical nature. Further, extent and site of the sub- and superclassical peaks on the energy axis can be vigorously managed via the field intensity of the mazer cavity. Moreover, the mazer action (scattering like behavior) can be accomplished even for thermal atoms while using somewhat higher intensities of the field.
Seeing measurements at OAUNI on 2016 and 2017 campaigns
Authors: Pereyra A , Tello J , Zevallos M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present seeing measurements at OAUNI site gathered on 2016 and 2017 campaigns using V and R broadband filters. In order to quantify the seeing we used the full-width-at-half-maximum from stellar profiles on photometric sequences during the observational windows of our supernovae program. A typical median seeing of

1

″

.
8

was found on 2016 and a worst value of

2

″

.
0

on 2017. The last one was probably affected by anomalous conditions related to the 2017 extreme climatic event. The monthly first quartile analysis indicates that best seeing conditions can be achieved at a level of

1

″

.
5

. In general, our results indicate a reasonable sky quality for the OAUNI site.
Influence of the anisotropy and the DMI constant on the magnetic skyrmions in elliptical and rectangular-shaped nanomagnets
Authors: Alegre J W , Costilla J I , Talledo A , Pujada B R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Micromagnetic simulations have been used to study the influence of the anisotropy (K
U
) and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) constant on the stability and size of magnetic skyrmions in elliptical and rectangular-shaped nanostructures, in order to understand the role of the geometry on magnetic skyrmions. In order to compare the changes in the internal magnetic states for the elliptical and rectangular nanostructures, the lengths of the major and minor sides and axes of the rectangle and ellipse, respectively, are considered equal in values. For both types of geometries, micromagnetic simulations clearly demonstrate the influence of the K
U
and DMI constant on the stability and size of magnetic skyrmions. A plot of K
U
versus DMI for the range of 1.10 to 1.40 MJ/m3 and 0 to 6.0 mJ/m2, respectively, shows that the elliptical nanomagnets have a higher range of K
U
and DMI values to stabilize the skyrmions. It is also observed that for K
U
and DMI values of 1.30 MJ/m3 and 2.0 mJ/m2, respectively, the diameter of the skyrmions increases with the minor to the major length of the ellipse. These results have been explained in terms of the interplay between the different energies and the geometry of the nanostructure.
Study of the optical properties of BiFeO3 under different heat treatment temperatures
Authors: Ayala Z B , Peñalva J J , Eyzaguirre C R , Loro H , Lazo A , Hernández y J M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is known that the optical absorption property of a material is linked to its crystal structure. Therefore, it can be modified or displaced when the material is subjected to thermal treatments, generating displacements of the unit cell, atomic positions and bond angles of its atoms. In this work, the analysis of three samples of BiFeO3 powders subjected to different heat treatment temperatures was carried out to study their optical properties by analyzing the crystal structure, diffuse reflectance, Raman scattering spectroscopy, density of state and band structure. In the results, the pure phase and the hexagonal structure of the samples were identified, showing an increase in the angles between the Fe-O-Fe atoms when the material is thermally treated. The band gap (Egexperimental) of the BiFeO3 samples without and with treatment temperature showed direct and indirect transitions according to the Tauc equation, these values were 2.36, 2.11 and 2.19 eV for direct band gaps and 2.10, 1.58 and 1.85 eV for indirect band gaps. In the Raman scattering spectroscopy analysis, overtones were observed in the samples when a green laser with a wavelength of 532nm (2.33 eV) was applied. In the density of states, the maximum valence band formed by the O(2p) state and the minimum of the conduction band formed by the hybridization of the Fe(3d) and O(2p) states were identified. In the electronic band structure, indirect band gap values (Egtheoretical) of 2.274, 2.216 (500 °C) and 2.217 eV (600 °C) were found for the samples without and with heat treatment. It is concluded that BiFeO3 absorbs visible light and that its band gap can decrease by increasing the bond angle of Fe-O-Fe atoms when the sample is subjected to heat treatment. These results demonstrate the semiconductor property of BiFeO3 and can be applied to solar cells, batteries, hydrogen production, among other applications.
Measurements and calculations of gas gains in methane-based TEG mixtures
Authors: Kowalski T. , Şahin Ö. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The gas gains in the methane-based tissue equivalent gas (TEG) mixture (64.4% CH4 + 32.5% CO2 + 3.1% N2) were measured in single wire proportional counters and calculated with Magboltz simulation program for various mixture pressures. The calculated gain values were always greater than the measured ones for all pressures. The source of the discrepancies was investigated in terms of dissociation of the molecules and non-equilibrium conditions. The impacts of both energy loss mechanisms on gas gain rise as the mixture pressure decreases.
ZnO nanoparticle modified chitosan/borosilicate bioglass composite scaffold for inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting bone regeneration
Authors: Qiu Dewei , Zhou Ping , Kang Jiawei , Chen Zhijun , Xu Zhiyong , Yang Hanwen , Tao Jun , Ai Fanrong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The treatment of implant-associated bone infection remains a significant clinical challenge. However, bone scaffolds with antimicrobial activity and osteoinductive properties can prevent these infections and improve clinical outcomes. In this study, borosilicate bioglass and chitosan composite scaffolds were prepared, and then the surface was modified with nano-zinc oxide. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the chitosan/borosilicate bioglass scaffolds have good degradation and osteogenic properties, while the oxidized Zinc scaffolds have better antibacterial properties.
Tracking a blue wave of ephemeral water across arid southern Africa
Authors: Schaffer-Smith Danica , Swift Margaret , Killea Allison , Brennan Angela , Naidoo Robin , Swenson Jennifer J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Surface water in arid regions is essential to many organisms including large mammals of conservation concern. For many regions little is known about the extent, ecology and hydrology of ephemeral waters, because they are challenging to map given their ephemeral nature and small sizes. Our goal was to advance surface water knowledge by mapping and monitoring ephemeral water from the wet to dry seasons across the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area of southern Africa (300 000 km2). We mapped individual waterholes for six time points each year from mid-2017 to mid-2020, and described their presence, extent, duration, variability, and recurrence. We further analyzed a wide range of physical and landscape aspects of waterhole locations, including soils, geology, and topography, to climate and soil moisture. We identified 2.1 million previously unmapped ephemeral waterholes (85%–89% accuracy) that seasonally extend across 23.5% of the study area. We confirmed a distinct ‘blue wave’ with ephemeral water across the region peaking at the end of the rainy season. We observed a wide range of waterhole types and sizes, with large variances in seasonal and interannual hydrology. We found that ephemeral surface water was associated with loam soils in the study area. From the wettest time period to the driest, there was a ∼44 000 km2 (62%) decrease in ephemeral water extent across the region—these dramatic seasonal fluctuations have implications for wildlife movement. A warmer and drier climate, expected human population growth, and associated agricultural expansion and development may threaten these sensitive and highly variable water resources and the wildlife that depend on them.
Soil physicochemical properties determine leaf traits but not size traits of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)
Authors: Guo Wen , Cherubini Paolo , Zhang Jian , Hu Xuan , Li Mai-He , Qi Lianghua 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Understanding the relationships among leaf and size traits and environment factors is essential for understanding and predicting the dynamics and ecophysiological processes of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forests across their distribution range. Here, we evaluated these relationships at six sites within the moso bamboo distribution area in China. Specifically, we collected climate (mean annual temperature and precipitation) and soil physicochemical data from the sites, and we measured 14 leaf traits and 2 size traits (height and diameter) of both new and old moso bamboos and evaluated the relationship among environment factors, size traits and leaf traits. Climate factors had significant effects on the leaf traits of new bamboos but on those of old bamboos. For instance, mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the main driver of leaf-trait variation in new bamboos but not in old bamboos. Specifically, MAP was significantly negatively correlated with leaf mass (LM), leaf dry matter content, single leaf area (LA), and leaf width, but positively correlated with specific leaf area and the leaf length to width ratio. Moreover, potential evapotranspiration and solar radiation (SR) significantly affected the leaf nutrient traits of new bamboos. Mean annual temperature and actual evapotranspiration were significantly positively correlated with bamboo height. Bamboo diameter at breast height (DBH) had more explanatory power with respect to leaf traits than plant height, and LA, leaf length and width, and LM all decreased with increasing DBH in new bamboos. A structural equation model showed that soil physicochemical traits significantly affected leaf traits, but not size traits, of new bamboos. Overall, our study indicated an age-dependent response of bamboo leaf traits to environmental factors, although bamboos do not have secondary growth. These results suggest that future environmental changes, including climate change, will lead to age-related responses of bamboo leaf traits, which may further result in changes in stand structure and productivity of moso bamboo forests.