bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presidential Address: The orca conjecture
Authors: Taylor M. Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this address, I argue that the Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) population has been negatively affected by commercial vessel traffic, tied to international trade, in the post‐1998 period. I present new data showing a dramatic increase in both the volume of kilometres travelled and the composition of vessel traffic in the Salish Sea. By exploiting recent work in biology linking vessel noise to changes in foraging and socializing behaviour, I argue that these changes have degraded their habitat significantly. Moreover, because SRKWs and Northern Resident Killer Whales (NRKWs) share prey, this negative vessel disturbance shock to the SRKW is magnified by the existence of across‐population competition. Vessel disturbance magnified by competition for prey has placed the SRKW on a slow‐motion path towards extinction.
Imaging of the nail unit in psoriatic patients:A systematic scoping review of techniques and terminology
Authors: Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Mandel Victor Desmond , Bertugno Serena , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe growing interest in the visualization of psoriatic nail unit changes has led to the discovery of an abundance of image characteristics across various modalities.ObjectiveTo identify techniques for non‐invasive imaging of nail unit structures in psoriatic patients and review extracted image features to unify the diverse terminology.MethodsFor this systematic scoping review, we included studies available on PubMed and Embase, independently extracted image characteristics, and semantically grouped the identified features to suggest a preferred terminology for each technique.ResultsAfter screening 753 studies, 67 articles on the visualization of clinical and subclinical psoriatic changes in the nail plate, matrix, bed, folds and hyponychium were included. We identified 4 optical and 3 radiological imaging techniques for the assessment of surface (dermoscopy [n = 16], capillaroscopy [n = 12]), sub‐surface (ultrasound imaging [n = 36], optical coherence tomography [n = 4], fluorescence optical imaging [n = 3]), and deep‐seated psoriatic changes (magnetic resonance imaging [n = 2], positron emission tomography‐computed tomography [n = 1]). By condensing 244 image feature descriptions into a glossary of 82 terms, overall redundancy was cut by 66.4% (37.5%–77.1%). More than 75% of these image features provide additional disease‐relevant information that is not captured using conventional clinical assessment scales.ConclusionsThis review has identified, unified, and contextualized image features and related terminology for non‐invasive imaging of the nail unit in patients with psoriatic conditions. The suggested glossary could facilitate the integrative use of non‐invasive imaging techniques for the detailed examination of psoriatic nail unit structures in research and clinical practice.
Shrinkage versus fragmentation response in neoadjuvantly treated oesophageal adenocarcinoma: significant prognostic relevance
Authors: Graham Martinez Cristina , Kus Öztürk Sonay , Al‐Kaabi Ali , Valkema Maria J , Bokhorst John‐Melle , Rosman Camiel , Rütten Heidi , Wauters Carla A P , Doukas Michail , van Lanschot Joseph Jan‐Baptist , Siersema Peter D , Nagtegaal Iris D , van der Post Rachel Sofia 
Published: March 2022

AimsNo consensus exists on the clinical value of tumour regression grading (TRG) systems for therapy effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Existing TRG systems lack standardization and reproducibility, and do not consider the morphological heterogeneity of tumour response. Therefore, we aim to identify morphological tumour regression patterns of oesophageal adenocarcinoma after nCRT and their association with survival.Methods and resultsPatients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma, who underwent nCRT followed by surgery and achieved a partial response to nCRT, were identified from two Dutch upper‐gastrointestinal (GI) centres (2005–18; test cohort). Resection specimens were scored for regression patterns by two independent observers according to a pre‐defined three‐step flowchart. The results were validated in an external cohort (2001–17). In total, 110 patients were included in the test cohort and 115 in the validation cohort. In the test cohort, two major regression patterns were identified: fragmentation (60%) and shrinkage (40%), with an excellent interobserver agreement (κ = 0.87). Here, patients with a fragmented pattern had a significantly higher pathological stage (stages III/IV: 52 versus 16%; P < 0.001), less downstaging (48 versus 91%; P < 0.001), a higher risk of recurrence [risk ratio (RR) = 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5–5.6] and poorer 5‐year overall survival (30 versus 80% respectively, P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe validation cohort confirmed these findings, although had more advanced cases (case‐stages = III/IV 91 versus 73%, P = 0.005) and a higher prevalence of fragmented‐pattern cases (80 versus 60%, P = 0.002). When combining the cohorts in multivariate analysis, the pattern of response was an independent prognostic factor [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.0–3.0]. In conclusion, we established an externally validated, reproducible and clinically relevant classification of tumour response.
Maternal and fetal outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in pregnant women with chronic rheumatic heart disease in a South Asian population: A case series
Authors: Rajan Mamta , Sachan Shikha , Abhinay Abhishek , Verma Bhupendra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRheumatic heart disease (RHD) is associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, particularly in developing countries. The current COVID‐19 pandemic has also affected pregnant women, probably increasing the adverse effects. It is speculated that COVID‐19 infection in pregnant women would further increase the risk of complications. However, factual data is still lacking, especially from resource‐constrained countries. We conducted a case series of 20 pregnant women with RHD and COVID‐19 infection and compared their outcomes with 40 with RHD but without COVDI‐19. We observed a high risk of adverse cardiac and pregnancy effects across the whole cohort of 60 patients. However, the comparative study between the two groups failed to show any incremental risk of complications due to COVID‐19 infection. Although the sample size was limited; the results are encouraging, particularly for developing countries.
Case report: Vaccine Brigade Chicago, Illinois: From founding February to July, 2021
Authors: Blacksin Beth A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID 19 epidemic disrupted every aspect of American life and imposed severe trauma as a result of lockdown, fears of disease or death, separation from and death of loved ones, and daily media coverage of the unfolding pandemic. The following case report describes the experiences of the Vaccine Brigade, a group of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) and other professionals, mostly retired, who organized themselves to provide assistance with vaccine administration in the city of Chicago and Cook County, Illinois. The report describes the founding of their organization in February, 2021 and their work to support vaccine administration in communities of color and other underserved communities. This case report presents a successful model of volunteerism, built on foundational principals of collective decision making, democracy and social justice. Its members developed existing social networks and skills they had learned during their careers as PHNs and activists to create a functional organization that could assist with the task of getting shots into arms.
Treatment of fusiform aneurysms with a pipeline embolization device: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Turhon Mirzat , Kang Huibin , Li Mengxing , Liu Jian , Zhang Yisen , Zhang Ying , Huang Jiliang , Luo Bin , Liu Jianmin , Zhang Hongqi , Li Tianxiao , Song Donglei , Zhao Yuanli , Guan Sheng , Aximujiang Axir , Maimaitili Aisha , Wang Yunyan , Feng Wenfeng , Wang Yang , Wan Jieqing , Mao Guohua , Shi Huaizhang , Zhang Xiaolong , Gu Yuxiang , Yang Xinjian 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIntracranial fusiform aneurysms are less common than saccular aneurysms, but are associated with higher mortality and morbidity. We conducted this study to determine the safety and efficacy of the pipeline embolization device (PED) to treat intracranial fusiform aneurysms.MethodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective, and observational study. Data for this study came from the PLUS study conducted from 2014 to 2019 across 14 centers in China. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of the occlusion rate and complication.ResultsA total of 1171 consecutive patients with 1322 intracranial aneurysms participated in this study. Among the participants, 104 patients with 109 fusiform aneurysms were eligible for this analysis (mean age 49 years, 36.5% women, aneurysm mean size 14.7 mm, 55% in the posterior circulation, and 6% in the basilar artery). Mean follow-up time was 9.0 months (range 3–36 months). The last DSA angiographic follow-up was available for 85 patients, and 58 aneurysms (68.2%) were completely occluded. The overall complication rate and mortality were 17.3% and 2.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age (OR=1.007, p=0.037) and cerebral atherosclerosis (OR=1.441, p=0.002) were associated with incomplete occlusion of fusiform aneurysms after PED treatment.ConclusionPEDs may be an effective treatment for intracranial fusiform aneurysms, with a favorable occlusion rate. However, because these treatments have a relatively high rate of complications, PED treatment for fusiform aneurysms should be carefully and strictly controlled. Our analysis showed that PEDs with adjunctive coiling did not significantly improve the occlusion rate of fusiform aneurysms.
Cardiovagal Function Measured by the Deep Breathing Test: Relationships With Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Engström Gunnar , Hamrefors Viktor , Fedorowski Artur , Persson Anders , Johansson Maria E. , Ostenfeld Ellen , Goncalves Isabel , Markstad Hanna , Johnson Linda S. B. , Persson Margaretha , Carlson Jonas , Platonov Pyotr G. 
Published: March 2022

Background
The cardiovagal function can be assessed by quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during a deep breathing test. However, population studies of RSA and coronary atherosclerosis are lacking. This population‐based study examined the relationship between RSA during deep breathing and coronary atherosclerosis, assessed by coronary artery calcium score (CACS).

Methods and Results

SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study) randomly invited men and women aged 50 to 64 years from the general population. CACS was obtained from computed tomography scanning, and deep breathing tests were performed in 4654 individuals. Expiration–inspiration differences (E‐Is) of heart rates were calculated, and reduced RSA was defined as E‐I in the lowest decile of the population. The relationship between reduced RSA and CACS (CACS≥100 or CACS≥300) was calculated using multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression. The proportion of CACS≥100 was 24% in the lowest decile of E‐I and 12% in individuals with E‐I above the lowest decile (
P
<0.001), and the proportion of CACS≥300 was 12% and 4.8%, respectively (
P
<0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for CACS≥100 was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10–1.84) and the adjusted OR for CACS≥300 was 1.62 (95% CI, 1.15–2.28), when comparing the lowest E‐I decile with deciles 2 to 10. Adjusted ORs per 1 SD lower E‐I were 1.17 (
P
=0.001) for CACS≥100 and 1.28 (
P
=0.001) for CACS≥300.

Conclusions
Low RSA during deep breathing is associated with increased coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by CACS, independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Cardiovagal dysfunction could be a prevalent and modifiable risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis in the general population.
How Skillful Are the European Subseasonal Predictions of Wind Speed and Surface Temperature?
Authors: Goutham Naveen , Plougonven Riwal , Omrani Hiba , Parey Sylvie , Tankov Peter , Tantet Alexis , Hitchcock Peter , Drobinski Philippe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Subseasonal forecasts of 100-m wind speed and surface temperature, if skillful, can be beneficial to the energy sector as they can be used to plan asset availability and maintenance, assess risks of extreme events, and optimally trade power on the markets. In this study, we evaluate the skill of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts’ subseasonal predictions of 100-m wind speed and 2-m temperature. To the authors’ knowledge, this assessment is the first for the 100-m wind speed, which is an essential variable of practical importance to the energy sector. The assessment is carried out on both forecasts and reforecasts over European domain gridpoint wise and also by considering several spatially averaged domains, using several metrics to assess different attributes of forecast quality. We propose a novel way of synthesizing the continuous ranked probability skill score. The results show that the skill of the forecasts and reforecasts depends on the choice of the climate variable, the period of the year, and the geographical domain. Indeed, the predictions of temperature are better than those of wind speed, with enhanced skill found for both variables in the winter relative to other seasons. The results also indicate significant differences between the skill of forecasts and reforecasts, arising mainly due to the differing ensemble sizes. Overall, depending on the choice of the geographical domain and the forecast attribute, the results show skillful predictions beyond 2 weeks, and in certain cases, up to 6 weeks for both variables, thereby encouraging their implementation in operational decision-making.
The evolution of wage inequality within local U.S. labor markets
Authors: Eisenbarth Anthony , Chen Zhuo Fu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are few concentrated studies on wage inequality across local labor markets at the city or metropolitan level. This paper studies the changes in wage inequality among 170 metropolitan areas by using micro-level data from the U.S. Census and American Community Survey from 1980 to 2019. We propose that shifts in the relative demand for “college-educated” or “college equivalent” workers have been persistent in both temporal and spatial dimensions; and that this persistence has contributed to the increase in wage inequality along with the rise in managerial employment. Using fixed-effects models, we find that on average, changes in managerial intensity between 1980 and 2019 accounts for 6.9% of the change in wage inequality across U.S. labor markets.
Distribution and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage in Kashgar prefecture
Authors: Xu Ai-Min , He Chuan-Jiang , Cheng Xiang , Abuduaini AniKiz , Tuerxun Zureguli , Sha Yin-Zhong , Kaisaier Aihemaitijiang , Peng Hong-Mei , Zhen Ya-Hui , Zhang Su-Jie , Xu Jing-Ran , Li Li , Zou Xiao-Guang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Kashgar prefecture is an important transportation and trade hub with a high incidence of tuberculosis. The following study analyzed the composition and differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) lineage and specific tags to distinguish the lineage of the M.tb in Kashgar prefecture, thus providing a basis for the classification and diagnosis of tuberculosis in this area.

Methods
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 161 M.tb clinical strains was performed. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Maximum Likelihood (ML) based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and verified through principal component analysis (PCA). The composition structure of M.tb in different regions was analyzed by combining geographic information.

Results
M.tb clinical strains were composed of lineage 2 (73/161, 45.34%), lineage 3 (52/161, 32.30%) and lineage 4 (36/161, 22.36%). Moreover, the 3 lineages were subdivided into 11 sublineages, among which lineage 2 included lineage 2.2.2/Asia Ancestral 1 (9/73, 12.33%), lineage 2.2.1-Asia Ancestral 2 (9/73, 12.33%), lineage 2.2.1-Asia Ancestral 3 (18/73, 24.66%), and lineage 2.2.1-Modern Beijing (39/73, 53.42%). Lineage 3 included lineage 3.2 (14/52, 26.92%) and lineage 3.3 (38/52, 73.08%), while lineage 4 included lineage 4.1 (3/36, 8.33%), lineage 4.2 (2/36, 5.66%), lineage 4.4.2 (1/36, 2.78%), lineage 4.5 (28/36, 77.78%) and lineage 4.8 (2/36, 5.66%), all of which were consistent with the PCA results. One hundred thirty-six markers were proposed for discriminating known circulating strains. Reconstruction of a phylogenetic tree using the 136 SNPs resulted in a tree with the same number of delineated clades. Based on geographical location analysis, the composition of Lineage 2 in Kashgar prefecture (45.34%) was lower compared to other regions in China (54.35%-90.27%), while the composition of Lineage 3 (32.30%) was much higher than in other regions of China (0.92%-2.01%), but lower compared to the bordering Pakistan (70.40%).

Conclusion
Three lineages were identified in M.tb clinical strains from Kashgar prefecture, with 136 branch-specific SNP. Kashgar borders with countries that have a high incidence of tuberculosis, such as Pakistan and India, which results in a large difference between the M.tb lineage and sublineage distribution in this region and other provinces of China.
METTL3 enhances NSD2 mRNA stability to reduce renal impairment and interstitial fibrosis in mice with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Tang Weiming , Zhao Yilin , Zhang Hui , Peng Ying , Rui Zhilian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 2 (NSD2) is a histone methyltransferase that has been demonstrated to regulate insulin secretion and glucose concentration. This study focused on the role of NSD2 in the renal impairment during diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods
Serum NSD2 level in patients with DN was examined, and its correlations with the renal impairment-related indicators were examined. A murine model of DN was established, and mouse mesangial cells (SV40-MES-13) were treated with high-glucose (HG) to mimic a DN-like condition in vitro. Overexpression of NSD2 was introduced into mice or cells for in vivo and in vitro studies. The m6A level in HG-treated SV40-MES-13 cells was analyzed. METTL3 expression and its correlation with NSD2 were determined.

Results
NSD2 was poorly expressed in the serum of patients with DN and was negatively correlated with the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBG), serum creatinine (SCr), serum cystatin C (S-Cys-C), the 24-h urine protein (24-h U-protein) and the urine cystatin C (U-Cys-C). NSD2 overexpression reduced the kidney weight and reduced renal impairment in mice. It also suppressed interstitial fibrosis in mouse kidney tissues and reduced fibrosis-related markers in HG-treated SV40-MES-13 cells. HG treatment reduced the m6A level in the cells. METTL3 promoted m6A modification of NDS2 mRNA and enhanced its stability by YTHDF1. METTL3 overexpression alleviated renal impairment and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. But the protective role was blocked upon NSD2 silencing.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that METTL3 promotes NSD2 mRNA stability by YTHDF1 to alleviate progression of DN.
Diagnosis of advanced cervical cancer, missed opportunities?
Authors: Mattern Jérémie , Letendre Irène , Sibiude Jeanne , Pénager Cécile , Jnifen Asma , Souare Fatoumata , Ayel Sophie , Nguyen Thuy , Mandelbrot Laurent 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is common worldwide. Despite the existence of primary and secondary prevention strategies, the survival rate is decreasing in France due to an increasing proportion of advanced-stage cancer. Our objective was to determine the factors associated with a diagnosis of cervical cancer at advanced stages in an urban population in France.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on all consecutive records of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer between January 2006 and December 2018 in a single center in Paris. The data collected were demographic characteristics, medical and gynecological history, circumstances of diagnosis, diagnostic and therapeutic management. The patients were divided into two groups according to the FIGO 2018 stage at diagnosis: group A stages IA1 to IB2 and group B advanced stages IB3 to IVB.

Results
Among 96 patients who were diagnosed with cervical cancer, 25 (26%) were in group A and 71 (74%) in group B. Women in group B had less frequently received regular gynecological care than in group A (36% vs 84.2%, p < 0.001) and fewer had Pap test screening in the previous 3 years (30.4% vs 95.0%, p < 0.001). Parity greater than 3 was more frequent in group B (69.6% vs 42.9%, p = 0.031). The diagnosis was made during a routine examination or cervical smear in only 9.23% and 16.18% respectively in group B, versus 60% of cases in 45.82% of cases in group A (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003). Vaginal bleeding was observed in 85.29% in group B versus 36% in group A (p < 0.001). Histological type was squamous cell carcinoma 87.32% of group B and 56% of group A (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Diagnosis of cervical cancers at advanced stages occurred mostly in women who did not benefit from the recommended screening. Universal access to screening is necessary for the prevention and early treatment of cervical cancer.
Physiotherapy interventions encouraging frequent changes of the body position and physical activity for infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis: an internal feasibility study of a randomised control trial
Authors: Andersson-Marforio Sonja , Lundkvist Josenby Annika , Hansen Christine , Ekvall Hansson Eva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The effect of a treatment that includes frequent changes of the body position for infants with bronchiolitis has not been evaluated, although it is often used in Swedish hospitals. Because of this, a randomised control trial (RCT) has begun with the aim to evaluate this treatment, comparing the effect of an individualised physiotherapy intervention, a non-individualised intervention, and standard care in a control group. The objective of this internal pilot study was to address uncertainties concerning the ongoing RCT and to determine whether the trial is feasible or not, possibly with adjustments to the protocol.

Methods
Descriptive analyses of the recruitment, retention, data supply for the primary end point, and the usability of the primary outcome measure in the full RCT were performed. A safety analysis was conducted by an independent analysis group.

Results
Ninety-one infants were included, 33 (36.3%), 28 (30.8%), and 30 (33.0%) in the respective allocation groups. Fifty-nine (64.8%) were boys. The median age was 2.5 (min–max 0.2–23.7) months. They remained in the study for a median of 46 hours (min–max 2–159). The recruitment rate was 19%. The data supply for the primary end point and for the primary outcome measure was lower than anticipated in the original sample size calculation. Difficulties concerning utilising the primary outcome measure were identified. The safety analysis detected no risks of harm related to participation in the study.

Conclusions
It is feasible to continue the RCT with modifications of the analysis plan. Participation in the study was not associated with any safety risks.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03575091. Registered 2 July 2018. Retrospectively registered.