bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public opinion on quarantine hotels: a question of corporate social responsibility.
Authors: Nghiem-Phu Binh , Tran Hang T. B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This chapter, written by Nghiem-Phu and Tran, examines how hotel businesses in Vietnam overcome the challenges caused by COVID-19 by transforming lodgings into quarantine facilities. Analysing press and user-generated content, it was found that both positive and negative images were attached to the quarantine hotels. The findings have demonstrated that corporate social responsibility (CSR) could be implemented to sustain business in the current circumstances while preparing for brand strengthening for recovery.
Policies and stakeholder engagement in cultural events.
Authors: Dang Phuong-Anh , Trinh Le-Anh , Phi Giang T. , Bui Huong T. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

This chapter analyses policies and stakeholders' engagement in the planning and management of festivals and cultural events. The authors, Dang et al., utilize a case-study approach with four vignettes: (i)Giong Festival (Ha Noi city); (ii)Thanh Tuyen Festival (Tuyen Quang province); (iii)Tich Dien Festival (Ha Nam province); and (iv)the Tea Festival (Thai Nguyen province). Findings from semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders reveal a range of endogenous and exogenous drivers presented on vertical axes for stakeholder engagement. Important findings from this study relate to the process of changing roles of the local community, local authorities and the central state as the events evolve over time.
The shear strain energy fluctuations caused by random porosities in graphene based on the stochastic finite element model
Authors: Chu Liu , Shi Jiajia , Souza de Cursi Eduardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Strain-induced deformation is a promising strategy to modify and functionalize the material properties of graphene. However, the impacts of random porosities are inevitable and complicated in the microstructure. In order to quantify and analyze the effects of random porosities in graphene under shear stress, the energy fluctuations and the equivalent elastic modulus are computed and recorded based on the stochastic finite element model. The finite element computation is combined with the Monte Carlo stochastic sampling procedure to distribute and propagate the random porosities in pristine graphene. Two different boundary conditions are taken into consideration and compared. Furthermore, the probability statistics of shear strain energy and equivalent elastic modulus are provided based on the comparison with the results of pristine graphene. The inhomogeneous spatial randomness is founded in the statistic records of shear strain energy. The sensitivity to the graphene chirality and boundary conditions are also shown for the porous graphene. The work in this paper provides important references for strain-induced engineering and artificial functionalization through topological vacancy control in graphene.
Generalised scalar-tensor theories
and self-tuning
Authors: Copeland Edmund J. , Ghataore Sukhraj , Niedermann Florian , Padilla Antonio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We explore a family of generalised scalar-tensor theories that exhibit self-tuning to low scale anti de Sitter vacua, even in the presence of a large cosmological constant. We are able to examine the linearised fluctuations about these vacua and compute the corresponding amplitude. Thanks to a subtle interplay between a weak scalar coupling and a low scalar mass, it is possible to exhibit self-tuning and compatibility with solar system tests of gravity without resorting to non-linearities and unreliable screening mechanisms. The weakness of the scalar coupling and the correspondingly slow response to vacuum energy phase transitions may present some interesting possibilities for connecting early universe inflation to the cancellation of vacuum energy.
Overview of the SPARC physics basis towards the exploration of burning-plasma regimes in high-field, compact tokamaks
Authors: Rodriguez-Fernandez P. , Creely A.J. , Greenwald M.J. , Brunner D. , Ballinger S.B. , Chrobak C.P. , Garnier D.T. , Granetz R. , Hartwig Z.S. , Howard N.T. , Hughes J.W. , Irby J.H. , Izzo V.A. , Kuang A.Q. , Lin Y. , Marmar E.S. , Mumgaard R.T. , Rea C. , Reinke M.L. , Riccardo V. , Rice J.E. , Scott S.D. , Sorbom B.N. , Stillerman J.A. , Sweeney R. , Tinguely R.A. , Whyte D.G. , Wright J.C. , Yuryev D.V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The SPARC tokamak project, currently in engineering design, aims to achieve breakeven and burning plasma conditions in a compact device, thanks to new developments in high-temperature superconductor technology. With a magnetic field of 12.2 T on axis and 8.7 MA of plasma current, SPARC is predicted to produce 140 MW of fusion power with a plasma gain of Q ≈ 11, providing ample margin with respect to its mission of Q > 2. All tokamak systems are being designed to produce this landmark plasma discharge, thus enabling the study of burning plasma physics and tokamak operations in reactor relevant conditions to pave the way for the design and construction of a compact, high-field fusion power plant. Construction of SPARC is planned to begin by mid-2021.
Hurricane adaptation behaviors in Texas and Florida: exploring the roles of negative personal experience and subjective attribution to climate change
Authors: Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Garfin Dana Rose 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding the motivation to adopt personal household adaptation behaviors in the face of climate change-related hazards is essential for developing and implementing behaviorally realistic interventions that promote well-being and health. Escalating extreme weather events increase the number of those directly exposed and adversely impacted by climate change. But do people attribute these negative events to climate change? Such subjective attribution may be a cognitive process whereby the experience of negative climate-change-related events may increase risk perceptions and motivate people to act. Here we surveyed a representative sample of 1846 residents of Florida and Texas, many of whom had been repeatedly exposed to hurricanes on the Gulf Coast, facing the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season. We assessed prior hurricane negative personal experiences, climate-change-related subjective attribution (for hurricanes), risk appraisal (perceived probability and severity of a hurricane threat), hurricane adaptation appraisal (perceived efficacy of adaptation measures and self-efficacy to address the threat of hurricanes), and self-reported hurricane personal household adaptation. Our findings suggest that prior hurricane negative personal experiences and subjective attribution are associated with greater hurricane risk appraisal. Hurricane subjective attribution moderated the relationship between hurricane negative personal experiences and risk appraisal; in turn, negative hurricane personal experiences, hurricane risk appraisal, and adaptation appraisal were positively associated with self-reported hurricane personal adaptation behaviors. Subjective attribution may be associated with elevated perceived risk for specific climate hazards. Communications that help people understand the link between their negative personal experiences (e.g. hurricanes) and climate change may help guide risk perceptions and motivate protective actions, particularly in areas with repeated exposure to threats.
Linear hybrid simulations of low-frequency fishbone instability driven by energetic passing particles in tokamak plasmas
Authors: YANG Jixing , FU Guoyong , SHEN Wei , YE Minyou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A linear simulation study of energetic passing particle-driven low-frequency fishbone instability in tokamak plasmas has been carried out using the global kinetic-MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) hybrid code M3D-K. This work is focused on the interaction of energetic passing beam ions and n = 1 mode with a monotonic safety factor q profile and

q

0

<
1
.

Specifically, the stability and mode frequency as well as mode structure of the n = 1 mode are calculated for scans of parameter values of beam ion beta, beam ion injection energy, beam ion orbit width, beam ion beta profile, as well as background plasma beta. The excited modes are identified as a low-frequency fishbone with the corresponding resonance of

ω

ϕ

+

ω

θ

=
ω
,

where

ω

ϕ

is the beam ion toroidal transit frequency and

ω

θ

is the beam ion poloidal transit frequency. The simulated mode frequency is approximately proportional to the beam ion injection energy and beam ion orbit width. The mode structure is similar to that of internal kink mode. These simulation results are similar to the analytic theory of Yu et al.
Surface properties of Al-doped ZnO thin film before and after CF4/Ar plasma etching
Authors: JOO Young-Hee , KIM Gwan-Ha , UM Doo-Seung , KIM Chang-Il 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Al-doped ZnO (AZO) is considered as an alternative to transparent conductive oxide materials. Patterning and achieving a stable surface are important challenges in the development and optimization of dry etching processes, which must be overcome for the application of AZO in various devices. Therefore, in this study, the etch rate and surface properties of an AZO thin film after plasma etching using the adaptive coupled plasma system were investigated. The fastest etch rate was achieved with a CF4/Ar ratio of 50:50 sccm. Regardless of the ratio of CF4 to Ar, the transmittance of the film in the visible region exceeded 80%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the AZO thin film confirmed that metal-F bonding persists on the surface after plasma etching. It was also shown that F eliminates O vacancies. Consequently, the work function and bandgap energy increased as the ratio of CF4 increased. This study not only provides information on the effect of plasma on AZO thin film, but identifies the cause of changes in the device characteristics during device fabrication.
Absolutes and Ambiguity: Transforming Artefacts Towards Non-violence
Authors: Frayne Nicholas Forrest 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOften created by colonial societies characterized by violence and oppression, historical artefacts such as monuments are increasingly under criticism for perpetuating violent attitudes. While the links between artefacts and society are well understood, there has been little work that finds the opportunity for resistance to violence in these artefacts themselves. Developing a ‘spectrum of violence’ for artefacts, I argue that ambiguous artefacts move us towards non-violence by provoking critique, while absolute artefacts move us away from it by stilling critique. Applying this spectrum to a discussion of a graffitied New York monument in 2020, I propose that the act of ‘refacement’ can turn absolute artefacts into ambiguous ones. In so doing, the artefacts that once upheld colonial values might be transformed to resist them. This paper offers a timely exploration of monuments and violence, and seeks to better understand how cultural artefacts can lay the foundations for a non-violent future.
Linking Patient-Centered Outcomes to Neuropsychological Practice: A Conceptual Framework and Opportunities for Research
Authors: Colvin M K , Roebuck-Spencer T M , Sperling S A , Acheson S , Bailie J M , Espe-Pfeifer P , Glen T , Bragg T , Bott N , Hilsabeck R C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the current healthcare climate, reimbursement for services is increasingly linked to the ability to demonstrate beneficial patient outcomes. Neuropsychology faces some unique challenges in outcomes research, namely, that neuropsychologists often do not follow patients over time and the effect of neuropsychological services on patient outcomes may not be fully realized until under another provider’s care. Yet there is an urgent need for empirical evidence linking neuropsychological practice to positive patient outcomes. To provide a framework for this research, we define a core set of patient-centered outcomes and neuropsychological processes that apply across practice settings and patient populations. Within each area, we review the available existing literature on neuropsychological outcomes, identifying substantial gaps in the literature for future research. This work will be critical for the field to demonstrate the benefit of neuropsychological services, to continue to advocate effectively for reimbursement, and to ensure high-quality patient care.
On the strategic learning of signal associations
Authors: Sherratt Thomas N , Voll James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSignal detection theory (SDT) has been widely used to identify the optimal response of a receiver to a stimulus when it could be generated by more than one signaler type. While SDT assumes that the receiver adopts the optimal response at the outset, in reality, receivers often have to learn how to respond. We, therefore, recast a simple signal detection problem as a multi-armed bandit (MAB) in which inexperienced receivers chose between accepting a signaler (gaining information and an uncertain payoff) and rejecting it (gaining no information but a certain payoff). An exact solution to this exploration–exploitation dilemma can be identified by solving the relevant dynamic programming equation (DPE). However, to evaluate how the problem is solved in practice, we conducted an experiment. Here humans (n = 135) were repeatedly presented with a four readily discriminable signaler types, some of which were on average profitable, and others unprofitable to accept in the long term. We then compared the performance of SDT, DPE, and three candidate exploration–exploitation models (Softmax, Thompson, and Greedy) in explaining the observed sequences of acceptance and rejection. All of the models predicted volunteer behavior well when signalers were clearly profitable or clearly unprofitable to accept. Overall however, the Softmax and Thompson sampling models, which predict the optimal (SDT) response towards signalers with borderline profitability only after extensive learning, explained the responses of volunteers significantly better. By highlighting the relationship between the MAB and SDT models, we encourage others to evaluate how receivers strategically learn about their environments.
Protein design via deep learning
Authors: Ding Wenze , Nakai Kenta , Gong Haipeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProteins with desired functions and properties are important in fields like nanotechnology and biomedicine. De novo protein design enables the production of previously unseen proteins from the ground up and is believed as a key point for handling real social challenges. Recent introduction of deep learning into design methods exhibits a transformative influence and is expected to represent a promising and exciting future direction. In this review, we retrospect the major aspects of current advances in deep-learning-based design procedures and illustrate their novelty in comparison with conventional knowledge-based approaches through noticeable cases. We not only describe deep learning developments in structure-based protein design and direct sequence design, but also highlight recent applications of deep reinforcement learning in protein design. The future perspectives on design goals, challenges and opportunities are also comprehensively discussed.
Gene and drug landing page aggregator
Authors: Clarke Daniel J B , Kuleshov Maxim V , Xie Zhuorui , Evangelista John E , Meyers Marilyn R , Kropiwnicki Eryk , Jenkins Sherry L , Ma’ayan Avi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Many biological and biomedical researchers commonly search for information about genes and drugs to gather knowledge from these resources. For the most part, such information is served as landing pages in disparate data repositories and web portals.

Results
The Gene and Drug Landing Page Aggregator (GDLPA) provides users with access to 50 gene-centric and 19 drug-centric repositories, enabling them to retrieve landing pages corresponding to their gene and drug queries. Bringing these resources together into one dashboard that directs users to the landing pages across many resources can help centralize gene- and drug-centric knowledge, as well as raise awareness of available resources that may be missed when using standard search engines. To demonstrate the utility of GDLPA, case studies for the gene klotho and the drug remdesivir were developed. The first case study highlights the potential role of klotho as a drug target for aging and kidney disease, while the second study gathers knowledge regarding approval, usage, and safety for remdesivir, the first approved coronavirus disease 2019 therapeutic. Finally, based on our experience, we provide guidelines for developing effective landing pages for genes and drugs.

Availability and implementation
GDLPA is open source and is available from: https://cfde-gene-pages.cloud/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Genetic insights into the range expansion of the cattle egret (Pelecaniformes: Ardeidae) in Brazil and population differentiation between the native and colonized areas
Authors: Miño Carolina Isabel , Geronimo Cristiana Trujilu , Castillo Carlos Congrains , Bonatelli Isabel A S , Valdes Talita Alvarenga , Laroca Bruno Acuña , Del Lama Sílvia Nassif 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBubulcus ibis ibis expanded its range by flying across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa or Europe to South America. To provide insights into the source of migrant birds, we genotyped cattle egret sampled in Central and southern Africa (N = 129, 13 sites, five countries) and Brazil (N = 166, six sites) at 14 microsatellites. Expected heterozygosity was high in all colonies, but significantly lower in Brazilian samples. Population-genetic analyses based on different assumptions concurrently found significant genetic differentiation between Brazil and Africa. The genetic homogeneity among African populations did not enable us to identify the source of the invasive birds. Among Brazilian populations, the highest proportion of the African allelic ancestry was found in Fernando de Noronha. This archipelago on the north-eastern coast of Brazil could be an important stopover site for migrating birds coming from Africa. Bayesian demographic analyses supported population growth in Africa with subsequent expansion to Brazil and migration from Africa to Brazil at the time of colonization. We discuss our findings in light of previous colonization trajectories suggested by meteorological models and the anthropogenic changes that may promote the expansion of the cattle egret in Brazil.
Fighting does not influence the morphological integration of crustacean claws (Decapoda: Aeglidae)
Authors: Nogueira Caio S , da Silva Alexandre R , Palaoro Alexandre V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Animal weapons are generally complex systems composed of more than one structure. A crab’s claw, for instance, is composed of a dactyl (a movable finger) and a propodus (where the muscle resides). Any weapon feature that increases winning probability also increases an individual’s fitness, meaning that all moving parts of a weapon will be under the same selective force—increasing their integration. By comparing weapons to homologous structures not used for fighting, we can test whether fighting increases morphological integration. Here, we tested that hypothesis by comparing the right (non-fighting) and left (fighting) claws of males of Aegla. First, we tested if the shape and size of the propodus and dactyl differed between claws. Then, we compared the degree of morphological integration. We showed that claws differed in their shape and size, but both claws showed similarly high levels of integration. This pattern can occur if selection favours an adequate squeeze on both claws, even though squeezing performance might differ between the claws. Nevertheless, the dactyl is important in determining the integration of a claw but it has been greatly ignored in crustacean studies and its study might increase our knowledge of claw evolution.
Introducing Ethanol Ablation as a treatment for thyroid cysts in the emergency setting
Authors: Robb Lydia , Hey Shi Ying , Reid Helen , Nixon Iain 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
New techniques have been adopted for minimally invasive management of thyroid lesions which has been well explored by Nixon et al. Ethanol ablation (EA) for the treatment of thyroid cysts has been well documented in the literature as a safe, effective treatment option in the elective setting. Our unit has introduced this service in the elective setting for treatment of thyroid cysts. This study demonstrates the use of EA in the emergency setting, which has potential to reduce recurrence rates and avoid a general anaesthetic in patients who present acutely.

Methods
Three patients presenting with airway threatening compressive symptoms secondary to thyroid cysts. Treated with EA within 24 hours of presentation to hospital. Patients were followed up radiologically and clinically and a telephone consultation to gather the GBI (Glasgow Benefit Inventory) survey.

Results
2 patients female and 1 male, median age of 41 years old. Median Pre-ablation cyst volume was 97.3mls. Median 100% radiological resolution of cystic component. 100% resolution of symptoms at median 9-month follow-up post procedure. 66% of patients requiring only one treatment for 100% resolution, with 1 patient with the largest cyst requiring three ablations and two aspirations. No complications reported. GBI (Glasgow Benefit Inventory) score mean +27.7, similar GBI of a tonsillectomy.

Discussion
EA is a safe, cost effective and efficient treatment option for thyroid cysts in the acute setting. Larger thyroids cysts may require repeated procedures for symptom resolution. Patient will require long term follow up to assess the rate of recurrence.
Isolation and Characterisation of Graves’ Disease-Specific Extracellular Vesicles from Tissue Maintained on a Bespoke Microfluidic Device
Authors: Green Victoria , Foster Hayley , Wade Mark , England James , Greenman John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Inflammation, a characteristic of Graves’ disease, leads to opthalmopathy in 30–50% of Graves’ disease patients, and even blindness (5% of cases). Despite extensive research the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. This report demonstrates the maintenance of human Graves’ disease tissue ex vivo with subsequent isolation and characterisation of Graves’ disease specific exosomes.

Methods
Human tissue biopsies from Graves’ disease (n=11) and non-Graves’ disease (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, n=3; follicular adenoma, n=1) were incubated in microfluidic devices for 6 days ± dexamethasone or methimazole, and effluent was analysed for size and concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) using nanoparticle tracking. Exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation were characterised using Western blotting and qRT-PCR for miRNA-146a and -155.

Results
Tissue specific EV were detected in all effluent samples. No consistent difference in EV concentration or size was observed in EV released from Graves’ compared to non-Graves’ disease tissue and no effect of treatment was evident. The exosome markers CD63 and CD81 were detectable in 2/5 Graves’ disease EV and CD63 was also evident in EV from a single non-Graves’ sample. miRNA-146a and -155 were detectable in all samples, with no difference between tissue cohorts. Treatment did not influence miRNA expression in EV from Graves’ disease tissue. Although miRNA-146a and -155 were elevated following treatment of non-Graves’ disease tissue with dexamethasone and methimazole, the increase was not significant, likely due to small sample size.

Conclusion
This preliminary study presents a unique method for isolation and characterisation of tissue specific EV for investigating disease pathogenesis and progression.