bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of GFAG crystal surface treatment for SiPM based TOF PET detector
Authors: Kang Han Gyu , Kim Kyoung Jin , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira , Yoshida Eiji , Nishikido Fumihiko , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coincidence timing resolution (CTR) is an important parameter in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) scanners to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of PET images by using time-of-flight (TOF) information. Lutetium (Lu) based scintillators are often used for TOF-PET systems. However, the self-radiation of Lu-based scintillators may influence the image quality for ultra-low activity PET imaging. Recently, a gadolinium fine aluminum gallate (Ce:GFAG) scintillation crystal that features a fast decay time (∼55 ns) and no self-radiation was developed. The present study aimed at optimizing the GFAG crystal surface treatment to enhance both CTR and energy resolution (ER). The TOF-PET detector consisted of a GFAG crystal (3.0 × 3.0 × 20 mm3) and a SiPM with an effective area of 3.0 × 3.0 mm2. The timing and energy signals were extracted using a high-frequency SiPM readout circuit and then were digitized using a CAMAC DAQ system. The CTR and ER were evaluated with nine different crystal surface treatments such as partial saw-cut and chemical polishing and the 1-side saw-cut was the best choice among the treatments. The respective CTR and ER of 202 ± 2 ps and 9.5 ± 0.1% were obtained with the 1-side saw-cut; the other 5-side mechanically polished GFAG crystals had respective values which were 18 ps (9.0%) and 1.3% better than those of the all-side mechanically polished GFAG crystal. The chemically polished GFAG crystals also offered enhanced CTR and ER of about 17 ps (8.2%) and 2.1%, respectively, over the mechanically polished GFAG crystals.
Kernel charge equilibration: efficient and accurate prediction of molecular dipole moments with a machine-learning enhanced electron density model
Authors: Staacke Carsten G , Wengert Simon , Kunkel Christian , Csányi Gábor , Reuter Karsten , Margraf Johannes T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
State-of-the-art machine learning (ML) interatomic potentials use local representations of atomic environments to ensure linear scaling and size-extensivity. This implies a neglect of long-range interactions, most prominently related to electrostatics. To overcome this limitation, we herein present a ML framework for predicting charge distributions and their interactions termed kernel charge equilibration (kQEq). This model is based on classical charge equilibration (QEq) models expanded with an environment-dependent electronegativity. In contrast to previously reported neural network models with a similar concept, kQEq takes advantage of the linearity of both QEq and Kernel Ridge Regression to obtain a closed-form linear algebra expression for training the models. Furthermore, we avoid the ambiguity of charge partitioning schemes by using dipole moments as reference data. As a first application, we show that kQEq can be used to generate accurate and highly data-efficient models for molecular dipole moments.
Factors associated with accessing long-term adult social care in people aged 75 and over: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nakubulwa Mable , Junghans Cornelia , Novov Vesselin , Lyons-Amos Clare , Lovett Derryn , Majeed Azeem , Aylin Paul , Woodcock Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
An ageing population and limited resources have put strain on state provision of adult social care (ASC) in England. With social care needs predicted to double over the next 20 years, there is a need for new approaches to inform service planning and development, including through predictive models of demand.

Objective
Describe risk factors for long-term ASC in two inner London boroughs and develop a risk prediction model for long-term ASC.

Methods
Pseudonymised person-level data from an integrated care dataset were analysed. We used multivariable logistic regression to model associations of demographic factors, and baseline aspects of health status and health service use, with accessing long-term ASC over 12 months.

Results
The cohort comprised 13,394 residents, aged ≥75 years with no prior history of ASC at baseline. Of these, 1.7% became ASC clients over 12 months. Residents were more likely to access ASC if they were older or living in areas with high socioeconomic deprivation. Those with preexisting mental health or neurological conditions, or more intense prior health service use during the baseline period, were also more likely to access ASC. A prognostic model derived from risk factors had limited predictive power.

Conclusions
Our findings reinforce evidence on known risk factors for residents aged 75 or over, yet even with linked routinely collected health and social care data, it was not possible to make accurate predictions of long-term ASC use for individuals. We propose that a paradigm shift towards more relational, personalised approaches, is needed.
Insulinoma: an uncommon cause of delirium
Authors: McComb Katie , Roulston Gary , Armstrong Lynne 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the case of an 83-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of delirium occurring overnight, associated with hypoglycaemia. Other causes for delirium were excluded. Laboratory findings were in keeping with endogenous insulin production. Computerised tomography imaging revealed a small mass in the pancreas supporting a presumed diagnosis of an insulinoma. Given the patient’s frailty and cognitive impairment, a conservative management approach was taken. Diazoxide was commenced with resolution of episodes of delirium. This case highlights hypoglycaemia, and insulinoma, as a rare, but treatable cause of delirium. It demonstrates the importance of blood sugar screening in delirium. It emphasises the holistic modifications to management, which must be taken to ensure patient-centred care when caring for an older adult living with frailty, who may have cognitive impairment.
Millionaires Against Billionaires: The Rise and Fall of the Private Plaintiff Antitrust Lawyer, 1946–1976
Authors: Labuza Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article traces the emergence of private plaintiff antitrust lawyers after World War II and the debates they caused within the legal profession. Private enforcement of antitrust laws increased throughout the 1940s, especially following on government suits that proved conspiracy and price-fixing within major industries. The lawyers behind these cases—most notably after a major price-fixing scandal by electrical manufacturing companies in the 1960s—began to form their own identity and create collaborative networks to work on complex litigation. These attorneys advocated for changes by Congress that could expand the number of lawyers and increase opportunities for small businesses to find representation against the often large corporate defense counsels. But this sudden expansion, as well as the moral panic over new class action laws, created a perception that most plaintiff antitrust lawyers conjured up cases to enrich themselves over their clients. Soon, these debates shifted toward issues of ethics rather than the laws themselves. By the time the Chicago School transformed the way judges and the government approached antitrust, the private plaintiff lawyers found themselves increasingly assisting only a few well-funded clients. As a new age of populist antitrust takes shape in the present, this article investigates the debates that fueled the transformation of access to antitrust law within the context of the rights revolution.
ASES: visualizing evolutionary conservation of alternative splicing in proteins
Authors: Zea Diego Javier , Richard Hugues , Laine Elodie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSummaryASES is a versatile tool for assessing the impact of alternative splicing (AS), initiation and termination of transcription on protein diversity in evolution. It identifies exon and transcript orthogroups from a set of input genes/species for comparative transcriptomics analyses. It computes an evolutionary splicing graph, where the nodes are exon orthogroups, allowing for a direct evaluation of AS conservation. It also reconstructs a transcripts’ phylogenetic forest to date the appearance of specific transcripts and explore the events that have shaped them. ASES web server features a highly interactive interface enabling the synchronous selection of events, exons or transcripts in the different outputs, and the visualization and retrieval of the corresponding amino acid sequences, for subsequent 3D structure prediction.Availability and implementationhttp://www.lcqb.upmc.fr/Ases.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
µProteInS—a proteogenomics pipeline for finding novel bacterial microproteins encoded by small ORFs
Authors: de Souza Eduardo Vieira , Dalberto Pedro Ferrari , Machado Vinicius Pellisoli , Canedo Adriana , Saghatelian Alan , Machado Pablo , Basso Luiz Augusto , Bizarro Cristiano Valim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSummaryGenome annotation pipelines traditionally exclude open reading frames (ORFs) shorter than 100 codons to avoid false identifications. However, studies have been showing that these may encode functional microproteins with meaningful biological roles. We developed µProteInS, a proteogenomics pipeline that combines genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to identify novel microproteins in bacteria. Our pipeline employs a model to filter out low confidence spectra, to avoid the need for manually inspecting Mass Spectrometry data. It also overcomes the shortcomings of traditional approaches that usually exclude overlapping genes, leaderless transcripts and non-conserved sequences, characteristics that are common among small ORFs (smORFs) and hamper their identification.Availability and implementationµProteInS is implemented in Python 3.8 within an Ubuntu 20.04 environment. It is an open-source software distributed under the GNU General Public License v3, available as a command-line tool. It can be downloaded at https://github.com/Eduardo-vsouza/uproteins and either installed from source or executed as a Docker image.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Topological approximate Bayesian computation for parameter inference of an angiogenesis model
Authors: Thorne Thomas , Kirk Paul D W , Harrington Heather A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMotivationInferring the parameters of models describing biological systems is an important problem in the reverse engineering of the mechanisms underlying these systems. Much work has focused on parameter inference of stochastic and ordinary differential equation models using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). While there is some recent work on inference in spatial models, this remains an open problem. Simultaneously, advances in topological data analysis (TDA), a field of computational mathematics, have enabled spatial patterns in data to be characterized.ResultsHere, we focus on recent work using TDA to study different regimes of parameter space for a well-studied model of angiogenesis. We propose a method for combining TDA with ABC to infer parameters in the Anderson–Chaplain model of angiogenesis. We demonstrate that this topological approach outperforms ABC approaches that use simpler statistics based on spatial features of the data. This is a first step toward a general framework of spatial parameter inference for biological systems, for which there may be a variety of filtrations, vectorizations and summary statistics to be considered.Availability and implementationAll code used to produce our results is available as a Snakemake workflow from github.com/tt104/tabc_angio.
There is a topographic organization in human cortico-pontine connectivity
Authors: Karbasforoushan Haleh , Tian Runfeng , Baker James 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Of the three largest outputs of the cerebral cortex, two have been extensively studied and mapped. Topographic maps of cortico-thalamic and cortico-striatal functional connectivity in humans are well established. However, for the third largest cerebral output, to the pontine nuclei, which connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum, the existence of such an organized connectivity pattern in humans is unknown. Here, using high-resolution functional MRI and a large sample size, we found a topographically organized pattern of functional connectivity between the human cerebral cortex and pons. Our results indicate a rostral-caudal topography; rostral (frontal) cerebral cortex shows connectivity to the rostral pons, and the more caudal cortical areas (i.e. the sensorimotor cortices) show functional connectivity more caudally in the pons, with the occipital lobe connectivity being most caudal. While prefrontal, sensorimotor and occipital cortices have a connectivity to the medial pontine nuclei, posterior parietal cortex and temporal lobe correlate with lateral pontine nuclei. Topography is sufficiently detailed to identify distinct connectivity for leg, trunk, hand and face areas of the motor cortex. These findings reveal the existence of a topographic organization in human cortico-pontine connectivity and provide the topographic map for future studies of cortico-ponto-cerebellum pathway in a variety of disorders.
Graphlets in multilayer networks
Authors: Sallmen Sallamari , Nurmi Tarmo , Kivelä Mikko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRepresenting various networked data as multiplex networks, networks of networks and other multilayer networks can reveal completely new types of structures in these systems. We introduce a general and principled graphlet framework for multilayer networks which allows one to break any multilayer network into small multilayered building blocks. These multilayer graphlets can be either analysed themselves or used to do tasks such as comparing different systems. The method is flexible in terms of multilayer isomorphism, automorphism orbit definition and the type of multilayer network. We illustrate our method for multiplex networks and show how it can be used to distinguish networks produced with multiple models from each other in an unsupervised way. In addition, we include an automatic way of generating the hundreds of dependency equations between the orbit counts needed to remove redundant orbit counts. The framework introduced here allows one to analyse multilayer networks with versatile semantics, and these methods can thus be used to analyse the structural building blocks of myriad multilayer networks.
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased DNA methylation at human metastable epialleles in infant cord blood
Authors: Joglekar Rashmi , Grenier Carole , Hoyo Cathrine , Hoffman Kate , Murphy Susan K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Metastable epialleles (MEs) are genomic regions that are stochastically methylated prior to germ layer specification and exhibit high interindividual but low intra-individual variability across tissues. ME methylation is vulnerable to environmental stressors, including diet. Tobacco smoke (TS) exposure during pregnancy is associated with adverse impacts on fetal health and maternal micronutrient levels as well as altered methylation. Our objective was to determine if maternal smoke exposure impacts methylation at MEs. Consistent with prior studies, we observed reductions in one-carbon pathway micronutrients with gestational TS exposure, including maternal folate (P = 0.02) and vitamins B6 (P = 0.05) and B12 (P = 0.007). We examined putative MEs BOLA3, PAX8, and ZFYVE28 in cord blood specimens from 85 Newborn Epigenetics STudy participants. Gestational TS exposure was associated with elevated DNA methylation at PAX8 (+5.22% average methylation; 95% CI: 0.33% to 10.10%; P = 0.037). In human conceptal kidney tissues, higher PAX8 transcription was associated with lower methylation (Rs = 0.55; P = 0.07), suggesting that the methylation levels established at MEs, and their environmentally induced perturbation, may have meaningful, tissue-specific functional consequences. This may be particularly important because PAX8 is implicated in several cancers, including pediatric kidney cancer. Our data are the first to indicate vulnerability of human ME methylation establishment to TS exposure, with a general trend of increasing levels of methylation at these loci. Further investigation is needed to determine how TS exposure-mediated changes in DNA methylation at MEs, and consequent expression levels, might affect smoking-related disease risk.
Direct current cardioversion-triggered atypical Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Bae Ju Young , Tartaglia Joseph , Chen Michael , Setaro John F 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Tako-tsubo stress cardiomyopathy is a clinical syndrome marked by transient reduction of left ventricular function in the setting of emotional or physical stress and in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. We describe a case of an atypical variant of Tako-tsubo in a male patient following an elective direct current cardioversion (DCCV).

Case summary
A 78-year-old male whose atrial fibrillation persisted after earlier unsuccessful direct current DCCV and radiofrequency ablations presented to the emergency department for acutely worsening dyspnoea and orthopnoea 12 h following his most recent DCCV. Previously, he was known to have non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Evaluation was notable for troponin I 0.019 ng/mL (negative &lt;0.050 ng/mL), pro-brain natriuretic peptide 2321 pg/mL (reference range 0.0–900 pg/mL). There were no acute electrocardiogram abnormalities. He required bilevel positive airway pressure but was weaned off eventually to room air. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed newly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 45–50%, associated with hypokinesis of the basal anteroseptal segment, as well as akinesis of mid-inferoseptal and mid-anteroseptal segments. Apical contractility was preserved. On Day 5 of hospitalization, diagnostic left heart catheterization again revealed benign coronary anatomy, and he was discharged home the following day.

Discussion
Only five other cases of cardioversion mediated Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first case of DCCV-induced atypical Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. Although overall prognosis is favourable, some have been observed to require advanced support therapy. Given risk for life-threatening complications, patients undergoing cardioversion should be educated on symptoms of congestive cardiomyopathy.
The epigenetic enzyme DOT1L orchestrates vascular smooth muscle cell–monocyte crosstalk and protects against atherosclerosis via the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Farina Floriana Maria , Serio Simone , Hall Ignacio Fernando , Zani Stefania , Cassanmagnago Giada Andrea , Climent Montserrat , Civilini Efrem , Condorelli Gianluigi , Quintavalle Manuela , Elia Leonardo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsHistone H3 dimethylation at lysine 79 is a key epigenetic mark uniquely induced by methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L). We aimed to determine whether DOT1L modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype and how it might affect atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo, unravelling the related mechanism.Methods and resultsGene expression screening of VSMCs stimulated with the BB isoform of platelet-derived growth factor led us to identify Dot1l as an early up-regulated epigenetic factor. Mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions were assessed for Dot1l expression, which resulted specifically localized in the VSMC compartment. The relevance of Dot1l to atherosclerosis pathogenesis was assessed through deletion of its gene in the VSMCs via an inducible, tissue-specific knock-out mouse model crossed with the ApoE−/− high-fat diet model of atherosclerosis. We found that the inactivation of Dot1l significantly reduced the progression of the disease. By combining RNA- and H3K79me2-chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing, we found that DOT1L and its induced H3K79me2 mark directly regulate the transcription of Nf-κB-1 and -2, master modulators of inflammation, which in turn induce the expression of CCL5 and CXCL10, cytokines fundamentally involved in atherosclerosis development. Finally, a correlation between coronary artery disease and genetic variations in the DOT1L gene was found because specific polymorphisms are associated with increased mRNA expression.ConclusionDOT1L plays a key role in the epigenetic control of VSMC gene expression, leading to atherosclerosis development. Results identify DOT1L as a potential therapeutic target for vascular diseases.
Wearable Technologies Using Peripheral Neuromodulation to Enhance Mobility and Gait Function in Older Adults―A Narrative Review
Authors: Kahya Melike , Hackman Dawn , Jacobs Laura , Nilsson Daniel , Rumsey Yvonne , Oddsson Lars I E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Mounting evidence suggests that wearable technologies using peripheral neuromodulation can provide novel ways of improving mobility and gait function in various patient populations including older adults. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of wearable technologies/devices to improve mobility and gait function through noninvasive peripheral neuromodulation in older adults over the age of 65 and to indicate the suggested mechanism of action behind these technologies.

Methods
We performed searches for articles and conference abstracts written in English, using the following databases: Embase Classic+Embase from 1947 to July 15, 2021; Ovid MEDLINE; Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, In-Data-Review & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Daily and Versions from 1946 to July 15, 2021; PubMed; and Scopus.

Results
Forty-one technologies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. We found that the primary implementation of the 41 technologies can be divided into 3 main categories: sensory substitution, sensory augmentation (open loop, closed loop), and motor stimulation. Using these technologies, various aspects of mobility are treated or addressed, including, gait function, fall risk, foot drop, navigating environment, and postural control.

Conclusions
This narrative review summarizes wearable technologies that are currently commercially available and in stages of research and development. Overall, studies suggest that wearable peripheral neuromodulation technologies can improve aspects of mobility for older adults. Existing literature suggests that these technologies may lead to physiological changes in the brain through sensory reweighting or other neuroplastic mechanisms to enhance the performance of mobility and gait function in older adults over the age of 65.