bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic Characterization of Bambara Groundnuts Accessions (Vigna subterranea (L.)) on Sudano-Guinean zone, Adamawa-Cameroon
Authors: Amedep David , Hamana Ahmed , Wang-Bara Bertrand , Philémon Kaouvon , Housseini Jacques Djida , Aladji Abatchoua Mmi 
Published: March 2022

Aims: This study aims to identify agronomic traits responsible for the variation between 20 accessions of Bambara groundnuts in order to retain adapted genotype on pedoclimatic conditions of the Sudano-Sahelean area of Cameroon.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out on July 2015 in Dang on Sudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon in order to identify agronomic traits responsible for variation among 20 accessions of Bambara groundnuts.
Methodology: The experimental design in field is a block completely randomized with 3 repetitions. Eleven quantitative characters selected among the describer of Bambara groundnut were evaluated by the multivariate analysis.
Results: The analysis of variance shows a significant difference for ten characters among eleven characters studied which show an important variability between these characters. Seven characters are correlated on two prime of principles components which explaining 44.32 % of total variability. Dendrogram rising of hierarchical classification permit to differentiate 5 groups of morphological diversity. The fifth group gathers the earliest varieties with a time of 121 days maturity. Highly positive correlation is (r=0.72). Characters analyzed may constitute some base of criterion to differentiate the varieties from others regions and must be used on the program of improvement varieties of Bambara groundnut in Cameroon.
Conclusion: In all of the 11 characters evaluated in this study, only one of them could not differentiate the accessions. Important variability between characters was observed. The rising of hierarchical classification showed one of important agronomic diversity and regroup the accessions in 5 groups.
STAT signalling in the mature and aging brain
Authors: De‐Fraja Claudio , Conti Luciano , Govoni Stefano , Battaini Fiorenzo , Cattaneo Elena 
Published: July 2002

AbstractActivation of the Janus kinases (JAK) and signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins in response to specific cytokines and growth factors has been investigated primarily in cells of non‐neuronal origin. More recently, the JAKs and the STATs have also been found to be active in the developing and mature brain, providing evidence for important roles played by these molecules in the control of neuronal proliferation, survival and differentiation. Nothing, however, is known about their occurrence and role(s) in the aged brain. We, therefore, investigated the presence of Stat3 and Stat1 in aged‐rat brain, and have found that the Stat3 protein was markedly down regulated with respect to adult tissue, while Stat1 remained invariant. We also investigated the potential role of some growth factors in the activation of the JAK/STAT in mature neurons, exposing primary neuronal cells to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Besides CNTF, which is known to recruit Stat3, we found that Stat3 was also tyrosine phosphorylated by bFGF. These data are indicative of an important role of Stat3 and Stat1 in regulating the physiological status of mature neurons.
Mathematical Model of the lac Operon: Inducer Exclusion, Catabolite Repression, and Diauxic Growth on Glucose and Lactose
Authors: Wong Patrick , Gladney Stephanie , Keasling J. D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA mathematical model of the lactose (lac) operon was developed to study diauxic growth on glucose and lactose. The model includes catabolite repression, inducer exclusion, lactose hydrolysis to glucose and galactose, and synthesis and degradation of allolactose. Two models for catabolite repression were tested: (i) cyclic AMP (cAMP) synthesis inversely correlated with the external glucose concentration and (ii) synthesis inversely correlated with the glucose transport rate. No significant differences in the two models were observed. In addition to synthesis, degradation and secretion of cAMP were also included in the model. Two models for the phosphorylation of the glucose produced from lactose hydrolysis were also tested: (i) phosphorylation by intracellular hexokinase and (ii) secretion of glucose and subsequent phosphorylation upon transport back into the cell. The latter model resulted in weak catabolite repression when the glucose produced from lactose was transported out of the cell, whereas the former model showed no catabolite repression during growth on lactose. Parameter sensitivity analysis indicates the importance of key parameters to lac operon expression and cell growth: the lactose and allolactose transformation rates by β‐galactosidase and the glucose concentrations that affect catabolite repression and inducer exclusion. Large values of the allolactose hydrolysis rate resulted in low concentrations of allolactose, low‐level expression of the lac operon, and slow growth due to limited import and metabolism of lactose; small values resulted in a high concentration of allolactose, high‐level expression of the lacoperon, and slow growth due to a limiting concentration of glucose 6‐phosphate formed from allolactose. Changes in the rates of all β‐galactosidase‐catalyzed reactions showed similar behavior, but had more drastic effects on the growth rate. Changes in the glucose concentration that inhibited lactose transport could extend or contract the diauxic growth period during growth in the presence of glucose and lactose. Moreover, changes in the glucose concentration that affected catabolite repression affected the cAMP levels and lacoperon expression, but had a lesser effect on the growth rate.
Sodium fusidate and the cytokine response in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Osman M O , El-Sefi T , Lausten S B , Jacobsen N O , Larsen C G , Jensen S I 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
New therapies designed to downregulate the aberrant immune response associated with severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) are being increasingly investigated in different experimental models of ANP. The aim of this study was to test the potential effects of sodium fusidate on the course of severe ANP in rabbits.

Methods
ANP was induced in 20 rabbits by retrograde injection of 5 per cent chenodeoxycholic acid into the pancreatic duct followed by duct ligation. The rabbits were allocated to pretreatment with intravenous physiological saline or sodium fusidate 80 mg/kg 30 min before the induction of ANP. Levels of serum amylase, lipase, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 8, glucose and calcium, and leucocyte count were measured every 3 h for a total of 12 h. At the end of the experiment, ascitic fluid was collected and the pancreatic, lung and kidney tissues were obtained for histological examination.

Results
Pretreatment with sodium fusidate reduced the mortality rate from six of ten to three of ten (P &lt; 0·05) and reduced the output of ascitic fluid from 5·2 to 2·0 ml/h (P &lt;0·001). Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were reduced significantly in the treated group from 5 min up to 9 h after induction of ANP. The leucopenia observed after 3 h in the untreated group was not significantly improved in the group treated with sodium fusidate (P = 0·055). By contrast, both treated and untreated rabbits had similar biochemical changes including levels of amylase, lipase, glucose and calcium as well as similar histological changes in the pancreas and lungs.

Conclusion
Pretreatment with sodium fusidate resulted in a considerable reduction in mortality rate and ascitic fluid output in rabbits with bile-induced ANP, probably by lowering the TNF-α and IL-8 blood levels. However, pretreatment with sodium fusidate did not alter the local or systemic manifestations of ANP. Thus, cytokines other than TNF-α and IL-8 are likely to mediate the local and systemic symptoms of ANP.
Book reviews
Authors: Smith J A R , Baxter J N 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Applied Surgical Anatomy – A Guide for the Surgical Trainee
M. A. Glasby, W. J. Owen and F. Kristmundsdottir (eds) 252 × 192 mm. Pp. 299. Illustrated. 1998. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. £49.50.

A Guide to Laparoscopic Surgery
A. Najmaldin and P. Guillou 233 × 154 mm. Pp. 169. Illustrated. 1998. Oxford: Blackwell Science. £24.95.
Electronic evaluation of the value of double gloving
Authors: Caillot J-L , Côte C , Abidi H , Fabry J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
Breakdown of the surgeon–patient barrier represents a risk for transmission of infectious disease. Such breakdowns are frequently not recognized by the surgical team. The protection afforded by double gloving under normal operating conditions was evaluated.

Methods
An electronic device detected breakdown of the surgeon–patient barrier in a series of 80 surgical procedures, randomly assigned to either double or single gloving. Fluid contact due to glove perforation, porosity or gown wetting was recorded during 151 individual surgeon episodes covering 238 operator-hours. Surgical procedures were called superficial for incisions of less than 10 cm.

Results
Double gloving reduced the number of perforation and porosity alarms twofold in both superficial and deep surgical procedures. Deep procedures carried a sevenfold increased risk of barrier breakdown compared with superficial procedures, the risk being greatest for the principal operator.

Conclusion
Without electronic detection, a large majority of barrier breakdowns would remain undetected by the surgical team and lead to prolonged contact with potentially contaminating body fluids. The use of double gloving provides real protection against such contamination risks.
Surgical management of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder
Authors: Mainprize K S , Gould S W T , Gilbert J M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
With improvements in ultrasonography more polypoid lesions of the gallbladder (PLGs) are being detected. The management of these is controversial.

Methods
The demographic, radiological and pathological data of 38 patients with ultrasonographically detected PLGs were reviewed. A Medline search for such lesions was performed and a review of the literature is presented.

Results
Thirty-four patients underwent cholecystectomy and four were advised against or declined operation. Of the 34 who had cholecystectomy, 11 had macroscopic and histopathologically proven PLGs. Of these, seven had cholesterol polyps, two had adenomas, one had a carcinoid tumour and one had an adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. One patient had a histopathologically normal gallbladder. The remainder had chronic cholecystitis with or without gallstones. All of the patients with neoplastic lesions of the gallbladder had solitary polyps greater than 1·0 cm in diameter.

Conclusion
A protocol for the management of ultrasonographically detected PLGs is proposed. In this protocol it is suggested that patients with a PLG should undergo surgery if they are symptomatic, or if the PLG is 1·0 cm or more in diameter.
Long-term symptomatic follow-up after Lind fundoplication
Authors: Cameron I C , Stoddard J E , Treacy P J , Patterson J , Stoddard C J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Aims
Few published studies have detailed the long-term results of antireflux surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term success of open Lind fundoplication in controlling the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Methods
One hundred and thirty-two patients with reflux symptoms underwent a primary Lind fundoplication between April 1986 and February 1994; all operations were supervised or performed by one surgeon. The median age at operation was 47 (range 17–77) years. All patients attended for follow-up in the early postoperative period. It was possible to conduct a telephone interview to assess long-term symptom control, at a median time of 9·5 (range 5–13) years following operation, in 112 of the 124 patients who were still alive.

Results
Ninety-one patients underwent oesophageal pH studies before and soon after operation. The oesophageal pH was less than 4 for a mean 14·9 per cent of the time before operation, falling to 2·4 per cent in the early postoperative period (P &lt; 0·001, Wilcoxon test). At early postoperative assessment, two patients complained of mild reflux symptoms and 44 (33 per cent) complained of postfundoplication symptoms (dysphagia, epigastric bloating and early satiety). At telephone interview, 106 patients (95 per cent) were symptom free with regard to heartburn and regurgitation. Six patients have developed recurrent reflux symptoms, in four of whom symptoms are controlled by a proton pump inhibitor. Two patients have required further antireflux surgery, one within 2 months of the first procedure for severe dysphagia and the other for recurrent reflux. Significant postfundoplication symptoms persist (dysphagia with or without gas bloat) in three patients (3 per cent).

Conclusions
Open Lind fundoplication appears to be effective in the long-term control of gastro-oesophageal reflux in 95 per cent of patients and represents a standard against which the long-term results of laparoscopic surgery will need to be compared.
Angiographic embolization for major haemorrhage after upper gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Beattie G C , MacDonald A , Powell J J , Redhead D , Siriwardena A K 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Aims
Severe postoperative haemorrhage after upper gastrointestinal surgery is a serious complication. This study examined the effectiveness of selective mesenteric angiography (SMA) in localizing a bleeding point and the ability of angiographic haemostatic methods to control bleeding.

Methods
The case notes of a consecutive series of nine patients undergoing urgent SMA during 1996–1998 were analysed. Examination of angiography suite records confirmed the accuracy of patient identification. SMA was performed 18 times with 13 embolizations in nine individuals (seven men; median age 54 (27–73) years). Patients underwent the following operations: Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy (four patients), pancreatic necrosectomy (two), total gastrectomy (one), cholecystectomy (one) and splenectomy (one). The median interval from surgery to haemorrhage was 15 (2–49) days. Six patients presented with haematemesis/melaena and three with bleeding from drains. Seven had evidence of shock (systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg, pulse more than 100 per min); the mean preprocedure haemoglobin concentration was 59 g/l. A median of 8 (4–14) units of blood were transfused before embolization and 4 (2–9) units after. Ten initial endoscopies were performed in six patients, seven of which revealed a source of bleeding. Endoscopic haemostasis was attempted in five and achieved temporary control of bleeding in two.

Results
Angiography revealed a discrete bleeding point in 13 of 18 procedures in eight patients. Where a bleeding point was identified, angiographic embolization using 3–8-mm stainless steel coils (ten) or a combination of coils and gelatin sponge (three) achieved radiological evidence of haemostasis in all cases. Periprocedural complications occurred in one patient with unintentional partial embolization of the right hepatic artery during embolization of an actively bleeding left hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. Rebleeding occurred in six patients within 48 h. Three rebleeds were successfully managed with repeat SMA and embolization (one patient required a third embolization); the remaining three required surgery. Definitive radiological haemostasis was achieved in six patients. Five of the nine patients died in hospital, two of whom had been successfully embolized.

Conclusions
In this group of patients, endoscopy contributed relatively little to treatment of postoperative haemorrhage. In contrast, SMA identified a bleeding point in eight of nine patients and achieved definitive control of bleeding in six. SMA and embolization appears to have a useful role in patients with this infrequent but potentially lethal complication.
Achalasia: management, outcome and surveillance in a specialist unit
Authors: Harris A M , Dresner S M , Griffin S M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Aims
The management and surveillance of achalasia remains controversial at the present time. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the results of endoscopic management and subsequent surveillance of patients with achalasia presenting to a specialist unit.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 40 patients with a radiological and manometric diagnosis of achalasia who presented to this unit between 1991 and 1998 were studied; the male: female ratio was 1: 1 and the median age 38 (range 15–84) years. Twenty-one patients presented de novo, seven had previously undergone cardiomyotomy and 12 were referred following unsuccessful dilatation.

Results
Some 36 patients were treated with balloon dilatation (Microvasive achalasia balloon, 35/40 mm). Results were graded 1–4 (1, asymptomatic; 2, symptomatic but significantly improved; 3, symptomatic with no change; and 4, symptomatic but worse); 29 of 36 patients were grade 1 at subsequent follow-up and the remaining seven were grade 2 (median follow-up 17 (range 5–96) months). There was a single complication of oesophageal perforation which was treated conservatively with full recovery. Following intervention, patients were enrolled in a prospective surveillance programme of chromoendoscopy at 2-year intervals; in a total of 74 patient-years' follow-up, two superficial squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and one adenocarcinoma (following cardiomyotomy) were detected, giving a relative risk of one cancer in 25 patient-years.

Conclusions
Balloon dilatation is a safe and effective treatment for achalasia even in patients who have had previous unsuccessful dilatations or cardiomyotomy. There is a high risk of SCC and the adenocarcinoma may have resulted from previous refluxogenic therapy, so all patients with achalasia should be followed up with surveillance endoscopy.
Belching and bloating: facts and fantasy after antireflux surgery
Authors: Tew S , Ackroyd R , Jamieson G G , Holloway R H 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
Fundoplication is commonly complicated by belching difficulty and abdominal bloating. Postoperative belching ability, however, is difficult to assess; subjective patient reporting is often used but may be unreliable. Manometric measurement of the gastro-oesophageal ‘common cavity’ is an objective marker of gastro-oesophageal gas reflux.

Methods
Twenty patients who had undergone Nissen fundoplication and 11 healthy controls underwent oesophageal manometry at rest and during gastric distension for 10 min with 750 ml of gas.

Results
Half of the patients reported an inability to belch; the other half reported varying degrees of belching difficulty, most of whom were rarely able to relieve bloating by belching. During gastric distension, none of the patients had transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation, while the controls had a median of 1 (range 0–1). Patients had fewer common cavities than controls; however, none of the belch urges experienced during gastric distension in patients was associated with a common cavity, compared with 48 per cent in controls.

Conclusion
After fundoplication, patients do not belch as a result of gastro-oesophageal gas reflux; rather it may be due to oesophagopharyngeal reflux of swallowed air. Subjective reporting of belching ability is inaccurate and manometric measurement of common cavities provides a better means of assessment.
Lower limb ulceration: a detailed study of aetiology in 555 patients
Authors: Naik J , Bello A M , Scriven J M , Hartshorne T , London N J M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
The purpose of the study was to investigate the aetiology of lower limb ulceration.

Methods
The aetiology of lower limb ulceration was reviewed in 555 patients with 689 ulcerated limbs referred to a single-visit leg ulcer clinic.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 70 (range 27–95) years and 335 (60 per cent) were women. The aetiology of the ulceration in 689 limbs was venous in 496 (72 per cent), arterial in 14 (2 per cent), mixed venous and arterial in 101 (15 per cent), with other causes in 78 (11 per cent). Of the 496 venous ulcers, 261 (53 per cent) had isolated superficial reflux, 233 (47 per cent) had deep venous reflux, of which 165 (71 per cent) had full-length and 68 (29 per cent) segmental reflux, and two patients had isolated perforator reflux. Deep venous obstruction was present in 16 limbs (3 per cent) with venous ulcers and 14 of these demonstrated continuous flow in the long saphenous vein (LSV). Of the 261 ulcerated legs with isolated superficial reflux, 197 (75 per cent) had LSV reflux only, 22 (8 per cent) had short saphenous vein (SSV) reflux only and 41 (16 per cent) had combined LSV and SSV reflux. Of those with LSV reflux, 65 per cent had a medial malleolar ulcer and 20 per cent had a lateral malleolar lesion. Of those with SSV reflux, 62 per cent had a lateral malleolar ulcer and 38 per cent had a medial malleolar ulcer.

Conclusion
Half of the ulcerated legs have superficial venous reflux; these combined with the superficial and segmental deep venous reflux group comprise the 65 per cent of patients who may benefit from superficial venous surgery. Continuous flow in the LSV should alert the clinician to deep venous obstruction, in which circumstance compression therapy should be used with extreme caution. Duplex is central to the investigation of the ulcerated leg.
Decreased endothelin binding and receptor density in varicose veins
Authors: Agu O , Atwal A , Dashwood M , Hamilton G , Baker D M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Background
The primary cause of venodilatation and reduced contractility in varicose veins is unclear. Endothelin (ET) 1 acts on smooth muscle cell ET A/ET B receptors to induce contraction and growth, and on endothelial cells to induce production of the vasorelaxant and growth inhibitors nitric oxide and prostacyclin. These factors may be involved in the aetiology of varicose veins. This study investigated ET-1 binding and ET A/ET B receptor density in varicose and non-varicose veins.

Methods
Proximal long sapheous vein (LSV) sections from nine patients undergoing surgery for varicose veins were compared with normal LSV from nine patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Slide-mounted sections were incubated in [125I]-radiolabelled ET-1 and ET A/ET B binding sites were identified using subtype-selective radioligands. Receptor density and distribution was quantified on autoradiographs by densitometry and binding was localized at the cellular level by nuclear emulsion.

Results
ET-1 binding and ET B receptor density decreased significantly in the varicose group. There was no significant difference in ET A receptor density.

Conclusion
Decreased ET-1 binding may contribute to venodilatation and poor contractility in varicose veins. This may be due to decreased tunica media ET B receptor density.