bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early identification of a COVID-19 outbreak detected by wastewater surveillance at a large homeless shelter in Toronto, Ontario
Authors: Akingbola Samantha , Fernandes Reisha , Borden Susan , Gilbride Kimberley , Oswald Claire , Straus Sharon , Tehrani Amir , Thomas Janis , Stuart Rebecca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Setting
Toronto (Ontario, Canada) is a large urban centre with a significant population of underhoused residents and several dozen shelters for this population with known medical and social vulnerabilities. A sizeable men’s homeless shelter piloted a facility-level SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance program.

Intervention
Wastewater surveillance was initiated at the shelter in January 2021. One-hour composite wastewater samples were collected twice weekly from a terminal sanitary clean-out pipe. The genetic material of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was extracted from the solid phase of each sample and analyzed using real-time qPCR to estimate the viral level. Wastewater results were reported to facility managers and Toronto Public Health within 4 days.

Outcomes
There were 169 clients on-site at the time of the investigation. Wastewater surveillance alerted to the presence of COVID-19 activity at the site, prior to clinical detection. This notification acted as an early warning signal, which allowed for timely symptom screening and case finding for shelter managers and the local health unit, in preparation for the declaration of an outbreak.

Implications
Wastewater surveillance acted as an advanced notification leading to the timely deployment of enhanced testing prior to clinical presentation in a population with known vulnerabilities. Wastewater surveillance at the facility level is beneficial, particularly in high-risk congregate living settings such as shelters that house transient populations where clinical testing and vaccination can be challenging. Open communication, established individual facility response plans, and a balanced threshold for action are essential to an effective wastewater surveillance program.
Role of cartilage graft in type 1 tympanoplasty: audiological and otologic outcomes
Authors: Kaur Jasmeet , Bhagat Sanjeev , Sahni Dimple , Sharma Dinesh K. , Yadav Vishav 
Published: September 2022

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Temporalis fascia is the most commonly used graft material for the tympanic membrane perforations. Due to high failure rate of temporalis fascia in adhesive otitis media, large perforations and advanced middle ear pathology alternate graft materials which are more rigid and resistant to infection are being used. Cartilage graft has shown to be a promising graft material in such cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and anatomic results with cartilage graft in type 1 tympanoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present prospective study was conducted among 40 patients of chronic otitis media between 11-60 years of age requiring tympanoplasty in department of ear, nose and throat (ENT) in Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The overall success rate of type 1 cartilage tympanoplasty was 85% in terms of perforation closure and post operative pure tone audiometry (PTA) at 6 weeks was 37.24 and at 12 weeks PTA was 34.27 The p value was &lt;0.001 which was found to be significant. The AB gap closure at 6 weeks post op was 6.79 and at 12 weeks 9.76±2.12 dB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that cartilage is more effective graft material in high-risk perforations, chronic ET dysfunction than fascia and audiological improvement with cartilage is found to be comparable with temporalis fascia.</p>
Effect of collagen on large traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane
Authors: Velmurugan Dinesh , Ghosh Puja , Kurian Andrew Thomas 
Published: September 2022

<p>Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane (TPTM) is often encountered in primary care or in the emergency department (ED). Despite several therapeutic and surgical interventions have been described in the literature, but the conservative approach of follow-up until spontaneous recovery is the most common choice.<sup>1 </sup>We investigated the utility of bovine collagen extraction patching in the large traumatic TM perforation gives better resultthan spontaneous recovery.</p>
Evaluation of the Ability of Panoramic Radiography in the Determining the Morphology and Position of third Molar Roots
Authors: Razavi Seyed Hossein , Barzegar Mohsen , Abbasi Fatemeh , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Namiraian Nasim 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Most third molars eventually need to be extracted, and this tooth has the most varied and unpredictable root position of all teeth. Therefore, considering the importance of accurate diagnosis of the roots of molar teeth before surgery to reduce its surgical complications, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of panoramic radiography to diagnose the situation of roots of third molars. the relationship of the roots to each other and the angle of the crown to the root in panoramic and clinical radiographs, respectively, using Romexis viewer and digimizer software were investigated.
Methods: In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 104 third molars of 93 patients referred for wisdom tooth extraction were examined clinically for the number of roots, the relationship of roots to each other and the angle of the crown to the root in panoramic radiography using Romexis Viewer software and clinically after providing photograph and measuring the angle using digimizer software.
Results: In evaluating the roots of third molars, the accuracy of panoramic radiographic interpretation regarding the number of roots was 63.27% and in the presence or absence of root, adhesion was 55.89%. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between the reported angle in radiographic interpretation and the actual angle (r = 0.318 and P value = 0.001).
Conclusion: Therefore, panoramic radiography is a valuable guide for third molar surgery. It is only necessary to consider its high error rate in terms of morphological details such as the number of roots and their relationship to each other.
An Evidence-Based Review on Selected Traditional Formulations against Pediculosis
Authors: Ayatollahi Seyede Zahra , Yousefi Gholamhossein , Badr Parmis 
Published: September 2022

Pediculosis is a growing social problem in both developed and undeveloped countries. Resistance to chemical treatments and toxicity of insecticidal compounds are reasons why alternative medications should be proposed for this parasitic infestation. This study attempted to investigate traditional anti-lice treatments, and draw together scientific insights into lice management through the study of Persian Medicine manuscripts. Lice infestation formulations were searched in seven traditional textbooks (al-Manṣuri fi al-ṭibb, al-Qanun fi al-ṭibb, Kamil al-ṣina‘ah al-ṭibbiyah, Qarabadin Kabir, Qarabadin Salehi, Makhzan al-Adviyeh, Eksir Azam) pertaining to one millennium period, from the 9th to 19th century. Twenty multi-component medications were selected for the study of ingredients and their active compounds. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched to find pediculicidal or insecticidal evidence. In vitro studies and clinical trials reporting anti-lice and/or insecticidal activities were summarized.
Formulations had four kinds of base (oil, vinegar, alcohol, or water). Oils act through occluding the respiratory spiracles of lice. Vinegar loosens the attachment between nits and hair shaft, improving the removal of nits from hair. Essential oil- and tannin-containing plants made up the majority of anti-lice components in the current study. Seventeen out of twenty-seven medicinal plants were reported to have pediculicidal and/or insecticidal activity. Considering the results, further investigation leads to the designing new treatments against pediculosis.
VI Congreso Internacional ISUF-H. Forma urbana y resiliencia: los desafíos de salud integral y el cambio climático
Authors: Higueras García Ester , García-González María Cristina 
Published: September 2022

ResumenEste número especial consta de una selección de las ponencias que serán presentadas en el Congreso ISUF-H 2022, que tendrá lugar en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid del 29 de septiembre al 1 de octubre de 2022. El ISUF-H es la red regional de la organización ISUF para los países de lengua española. Dedicado a la forma urbana y la resiliencia ante los desafíos actuales de salud integral y el cambio climático, presenta seis líneas de investigación: Forma urbana, vivienda y resiliencia, Forma urbana y ciudades saludables, Procesos urbanos, resiliencia y regeneración urbana, Espacios públicos para la inclusión, equidad y resiliencia, Espacios peri-urbanos, Infraestructura verde y azul para la resiliencia y adaptación al cambio climático y Urbanismo, informalidad autoconstrucción y riesgos. AbstractThis special issue consists of a selection of the papers that will be presented at the ISUF-H 2022 Congress, which will take place at the Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid from September 29 to October 1, 2022. The ISUF-H, International Hispanic Seminar on Urban Form is the ISUF regional network for Spanish-speaking countries. Dedicated to the urban form and resilience to the current challenges of comprehensive health and climate change, it presents six lines of research: Urban Form, Housing and Resilience, Urban Form and Healthy Cities, Urban Processes, Resilience and urban regeneration, Public spaces for inclusion, equity and resilience, Peri-urban spaces, green and blue infrastructure for resilience and adaptation to climate change and Urbanism, self-construction informality and risks.
Paisaje comercial del centro histórico. Estudio comparado: Lisboa-Madrid
Authors: Díaz Sotelo Antonio 
Published: September 2022

ResumenEl comercio organiza la ciudad desde la sedentarización del intercambio. El paisaje comercial favorece la legibilidad de la ciudad y un ambiente urbano saludable. Este estudio foma parte de una investigación sobre la Transformacion reciente del paisaje comercial del centro histórico de Madrid, que pretende establecer los factores de esa transformación, específicamente entre la del espacio público y la del zócalo. El objetivo de este estudio es contextualizar el análisis comparando con otro caso con marcos homogéneos: centros históricos con actividad económica compleja y significativa en ambas ciudades. Se desarrolla en tres capítulos de análisis (modelo de ciudad, espacio público y zócalo comercial) y conclusiones parciales. El modelo pretende sintetizar el proyecto público para el paisaje comercial a partir del análisis de los instrumentos de intervención pública en la escena y la percepción. El espacio público se analiza como soporte de la percepción, descomponiendo la red viaria en escenarios concretos, tipificados y relacionados por la movilidad peatonal. El zócalo se analiza asumiendo el local como unidad de expresión escénica de las actividades, que protagoniza la transformación escénica del centro histórico. El modelo lisboeta es paisajístico, pero no es transformador de la escena urbana. La articulación administrativa de las directivas liberalizadoras ha devenido en un modelo dual, actuaciones sin control previo frente a otras con riguroso control patrimonial, que propicia actuaciones sin entidad arquitectónica. La diferente escala de las unidades de producción escénica —el tramo para el espacio público y el local para el zócalo— no está resuelta ni en ambos modelos y experiencias. En Lisboa se confirman tramas comerciales muy densas y ejes comerciales, autónomos de su propio entorno, con amplios entornos puramente residenciales; en Madrid la densidad comercial es mayor, se identifican ejes comerciales, pero apenas hay tramas residenciales ajenas a la actividad. Este estudio se centra en la situación anterior a la pandemia. La investigación general tiene por objeto la transformación, que se aborda comparando con la situación previa anterior a las directivas liberalizadoras y con la actual derivada de la pandemia.
Deep Learning Model for CO2 Leakage Detection Using Pressure Measurements
Authors: Zhang Zhen , He Xupeng , AlSinan Marwah , Li Yiteng , Kwak Hyung , Hoteit Hussein 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) has been considered a viable engineering measure to decrease global CO2 emissions. The real-time monitoring to detect possible CO2 leakage is an important part of big-scale GCS deployment. In this work, we introduce a deep-learning-based algorithm using a hybrid neural network for detecting CO2 leakage based on bottom-hole pressure measurements. The proposed workflow includes the generation of train-validation samples, the coupling process of training-validating, and the model evaluation. This work solves the diffusivity equation for pressure within a simulation framework, used to generate datasets under no-leakage conditions. A Bayesian optimization process is performed to optimize the model hyperparameters. We test the performance of the hybrid neural network, referred to as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) on the bottom-hole pressure data collected from CO2 leakage simulations. Results show that the CNN-BiLSTM model can successfully detect CO2 leakage events by comparing the difference between the predicted (no leakage) and tested bottom-hole pressures. We further compare its superiority with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long Short-term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory (BiLSTM), and CNN-LSTM. Our proposed model achieves the highest accuracy with the same datasets. The CNN-BiLSTM outperforms other models owing to 1) its capacity to process image-based input, which could accurately capture input formation, especially in cases with highly heterogeneous permeability; 2) its bidirectional ability to capture time-series dependency. Other models, like LSTM and BiLSTM, take value-based input, which is insufficient to describe the input information in highly heterogeneous cases. In contrast, the CNN model suffers from capturing the temporal dependency features. This approach provides an efficient and practical CO2 leakage detection method and can be implemented in large-scale GCS for real-time monitoring applications.
Downhole Three-Phase Flow Measurement Using Sound Speed Measured by Local or Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Authors: Ünalmis Ö. Haldun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In-well multiphase flow measurement continues to be a challenging task in the oil and gas industry. One promising technology to achieve this goal is the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system deployed downhole along a fiber. A DAS system is usually capable of measuring speed of sound (SoS) and, depending on the type of application and how the system is installed/configured, it may also measure flow velocity. In its current state, the DAS technology is still not fully explored in multiphase flow measurement for reasons including but not limited to the lack of flow algorithms and methodologies that can use measurements in a combinative and coherent approach. The current work introduces a game-changing methodology in applying the DAS and other sound measuring optical or electronic technologies to measure 3-phase flow.
The 3-phase flow measurement methodology is based on the measurements of SoS at different locations along the well where the pressure is greater than the bubble-point pressure (P&gt;Pb) at the first location and P&lt;Pb at the second location. A bulk velocity measurement is also necessary at one of the locations, preferably at the second location. The minimum required measurements to resolve 3-phase flow rates are SoS at both locations (SoS1 and SoS2), pressure/temperature (P/T) values at both locations (P1, P2, T1, T2), and the bulk velocity measurement at the second location (V2). Using these measurements, phase flow rate calculations in a 3-phase flow are possible. A Lego-like approach may be used with various sensor technologies to obtain these required measurements which are then used in a consecutive manner in 2-phase and 3-phase solution domains obtained using Wood and Korteweg-Lamb equations.
The methodology is fully explained and the analytical solutions for 3-phase flow measurement is explicitly provided in a step-by-step approach. This approach provides significant advantages over the traditional methods. For example, SoS measurements along the well at multiple locations by using the same sensor technology or by combining different sensor technologies make this methodology highly flexible and applicable to custom-fit solutions. The method is independent of the sensor type as long as the sensors measure SoS, though the ideal systems that can adopt it easily and efficiently are DAS and optical flowmeters (OFMs). Additionally, a developing case history involving downhole OFMs installed in a North Sea field-wide application is discussed. The methodology may be implemented for a special case in which SoS is measured at the same location but at different times.
This new methodology in measuring downhole 3-phase flow furthers the understanding of downhole multiphase flow measurement. It can be implemented in existing wells with optical infrastructure by adding an appropriate topside optoelectronics system when needed at later phases of production.
Principles for Managing Reserves and Resources in Albania via Petroleum Resources Management System
Authors: Buranaj Hoxha Bez 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Albania has an active but challenging drilling activity that demands the most innovative technology. Although new recent drilling activity, has discovered light crude oil, the predominant crude oil quality involves medium-heavy oil reservoirs mainly contained in the largest onshore European oilfield, Patos-Marinza. Even though it has high potential, Albania’s main reservoirs are practically under-developed. In the past decade, the Albanian institutions have increasingly encouraged and supported expanding drilling activity in an effort to stimulate investments in reservoir development/production and management. However, petroleum economics and appropriate management systems need to be further improved to assist in reserve ‘asset’ management. This requires, specifically, employing a collective reserves management system, Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS), which utilizes a framework and guidelines for resource competencies to evoke necessary asset management in reserves and resources.
In this paper, a basic outlook is undertaken to evaluate Albania’s resources and oil/gas reserves in a preliminary assessment to classify the reserves under the PRMS guidelines. The main idea will show how a small country with great potential, can exploit its vast resources, and ultimately capitalize on a structured systematic approach by essentially arranging a management system that is customizable and suitable as per its situation to ultimately leverage financial gains.
Additionally, an analogous resources management system that is used for characterizing and identifying possible storage areas for CO2 (carbon sequestration) will also be briefly introduced that is based on the CO2 Storage Resource Management System (CO2-SRMS). Which, herein, will spotlight possible suitable areas of carbon storage in Albania.
These types of management systems are crucial in decision making, offering considerably ‘better judgments’ in managing and developing resources by ranking the most suitable investment opportunities.
Automated Unmanned Systems Perform Safe Emissions Quantification & Reduction in Permian Operations
Authors: Churchill Jason , Wise Brenda , Cooper Iain , Smith Brendan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traditional methods for monitoring emissions from production operations have typically employed optical gas imaging (OGI) cameras or Method 21 systems, based on an intermittent basis to determine and document methane gas leaks, which are then subsequently identified for repair (CFR, 2022). These OGI emissions monitoring surveys can have a subjective bias, are highly conditional on the skill of the camera operator, and are an inexact method of measuring quantity of the leak rate. With a renewed industry emphasis on methane emissions measurement and reduction, this paper describes a case study using a high-sensitivity sensor technology specifically targeting methane emissions, the unique capabilities engendered by its deployment on unmanned aerial systems (UAS), specifically leveraging automation in field-operation and data analysis, and its successful utilization in enabling emissions limitations over several production sites in the Permian.
The use of automation enabled categorization of the leak type and intensity, and triage according to leak rate, facilitating prompt remedial action, directly limiting emissions. By automating the comprehensive flight paths, specific to equipment groups, e.g., compressors, tanks, flares etc., targeted repeat surveys confirmed that specific leaks were fixed, emphasizing a general downward trend in overall site- and asset-level emissions. Additionally, the use of high resolution UAS-generated orthomosaic maps enabled the direct placement of emissions data into the context of the actual operations at the time of the survey. also facilitating the generation of automated actionable reports, enabling repair teams to be directed, resulting in effective and necessary fixes. Furthermore, the campaign validated that following the set-up of the initial survey, subsequent regular, repeat surveys could be commissioned at the "push of a button", yielding reliable, actionable emissions data, with a direct impact on both environmental and financial impact.