bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Siger Malgorzata 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recently developed effective treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) requires the accurate diagnosis of patients with this type of disease. Currently, the diagnosis of PPMS is based on the 2017 McDonald criteria, although the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to this process is fundamental. PPMS, one of the clinical types of MS, represents 10%–15% of all MS patients. Compared to relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), PPMS differs in terms of pathology, clinical presentation and MRI features. Regarding conventional MRI, focal lesions on T2-weighted images and acute inflammatory lesions with contrast enhancement are less common in PPMS than in RRMS. On the other hand, MRI features of chronic inflammation, such as slowly evolving/expanding lesions (SELs) and leptomeningeal enhancement (LME), and brain and spinal cord atrophy are more common MRI characteristics in PPMS than RRMS. Nonconventional MRI also shows differences in subtle white and grey matter damage between PPMS and other clinical types of disease. In this review, we present separate diagnostic criteria, conventional and nonconventional MRI specificity for PPMS, which may support and simplify the diagnosis of this type of MS in daily clinical practice.
Safety and effectiveness of ferric citrate hydrate in serum phosphorus management of patients with chronic kidney disease: a long-term, real-world, observational, post-marketing surveillance study
Authors: Yokoyama Keitaro , Hashimoto Teruo , Okuda Yuri , Matsumoto Yu , Ito Kyoko , Yamada Ryoichi , Susai Hiroyuki , Nishino Noriaki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Ferric citrate hydrate (FC) is an oral iron-based phosphate binder that is used to treat hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This post-marketing surveillance study was performed to investigate the long-term safety and effectiveness of FC.

Methods
This prospective, multicenter, observational post-marketing surveillance study was performed in a real-world setting in Japan. The study involved CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia receiving FC who were undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis or were non-dialysis-dependent. Adverse drug reactions, iron- and erythrocyte-related parameters (i.e., levels of serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and hemoglobin), and serum levels of phosphorus, corrected calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone were monitored for up to 104 weeks.

Results
Safety was evaluated in 2723 patients. Of these patients, 20.5% discontinued FC because of adverse events, and 3.9% discontinued FC because of unsatisfactory effectiveness. Iron-related parameters gradually increased after the initiation of FC treatment but stabilized after week 36. Effectiveness was analyzed in 2367 patients. Serum phosphorus immediately decreased, and the effect persisted for 104 weeks.

Conclusion
In this 104 week surveillance study, no new safety concerns were noted. The safety profile was not obviously different from those in pre-approval clinical trials and the 52 week interim report of this surveillance study. The serum ferritin level of most patients was below the upper limit of the target range, and iron overload risk was not evident. Long-term FC treatment effectively controlled serum phosphorus.
The $N$-Link Swimmer in Three Dimensions: Controllability and Optimality Results
Authors: Marchello Roberto , Morandotti Marco , Shum Henry , Zoppello Marta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe controllability of a fully three-dimensional $N$
N
-link swimmer is studied. After deriving the equations of motion in a low Reynolds number fluid by means of Resistive Force Theory, the controllability of the minimal 2-link swimmer is tackled using techniques from Geometric Control Theory. The shape of the 2-link swimmer is described by two angle parameters. It is shown that the associated vector fields that govern the dynamics generate, via taking their Lie brackets, all eight linearly independent directions in the combined configuration and shape space, leading to controllability; the swimmer can move from any starting configuration and shape to any target configuration and shape by operating on the two shape variables. The result is subsequently extended to the $N$
N
-link swimmer. Finally, the minimal time optimal control problem and the minimization of the power expended are addressed and a qualitative description of the optimal strategies is provided.
Associations Between Maternal Stressful Life Events and Perceived Distress during Pregnancy and Child Mental Health at Age 4
Authors: Rudd Kristen L. , Cheng Sylvia S. , Cordeiro Alana , Coccia Michael , Karr Catherine J. , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Mason W. Alex , Trasande Leonardo , Nguyen Ruby H. N. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Swan Shanna H. , Barrett Emily S. , Bush Nicole R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that maternal exposure to objectively stressful events and subjective distress during pregnancy may have intergenerational impacts on children’s mental health, yet evidence is limited. In a multisite longitudinal cohort (N = 454), we used multi-variable linear regression models to evaluate the predictive value of exposure to stressful events and perceived distress in pregnancy for children’s internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and adaptive skills at age 4. We also explored two- and three-way interactions between stressful events, distress, and child sex. Both objective and subjective maternal stress independently predicted children’s behavior, with more stressful events and higher distress predicting more internalizing and externalizing problems and worse adaptability; stress types did not significantly interact. There was some evidence that more stressful events predicted higher externalizing behaviors only for girls. Three-way interactions were not significant. The current findings highlight the importance of considering the type of stress measurement being used (e.g., counts of objective event exposure or subjective perceptions), suggest prenatal stress effects may be transdiagnostic, and meet calls for rigor and reproducibility by confirming these independent main effects in a relatively large group of families across multiple U.S. regions. Results point to adversity prevention having a two-generation impact and that pre- and postnatal family-focused intervention targets may help curb the rising rates of children’s mental health problems.
On refined Chern–Simons and refined ABJ matrix models
Authors: Cassia Luca , Zabzine Maxim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider the matrix model ofU(N) refined Chern–Simons theory on$$S^3$$S3for the unknot. We derive aq-difference operator whose insertion in the matrix integral reproduces an infinite set of Ward identities which we interpret asq-Virasoro constraints. The constraints are rewritten as difference equations for the generating function of Wilson loop expectation values which we solve as a recursion for the correlators of the model. The solution is repackaged in the form ofsuperintegrabilityformulas for Macdonald polynomials. Additionally, we derive an equivalentq-difference operator for a similar refinement of ABJ theory and show that the correspondingq-Virasoro constraints are equal to those of refined Chern–Simons for a gauge super-groupU(N|M). Our equations and solutions are manifestly symmetric under Langlands duality$$q\leftrightarrow t^{-1}$$q↔t-1which correctly reproduces 3d Seiberg duality whenqis a specific root of unity.
Appraisal of kinetin spraying strategy to alleviate the harmful effects of UVC stress on tomato plants
Authors: Dawood Mona F. A. , Abu-Elsaoud Abdelghafar M. , Sofy Mahmoud R. , Mohamed Heba I. , Soliman Mona H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIncreasing ultraviolet (UV) radiation is causing oxidative stress that accounts for growth and yield losses in the present era of climate change. Plant hormones are useful tools for minimizing UV-induced oxidative stress in plants, but their putative roles in protecting tomato development under UVC remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the underlying mechanism of pre-and post-kinetin (Kn) treatments on tomato plants under UVC stress. The best dose of Kn was screened in the preliminary experiments, and this dose was tested in further experiments. UVC significantly decreases growth traits, photosynthetic pigments, protein content, and primary metabolites (proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids) but increases oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide) and proline content. Treatment of pre-and post-kinetin spraying to tomato plants decreases UVC-induced oxidative stress by restoring the primary and secondary metabolites’ (phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) status and upregulating the antioxidant defense systems (non-enzymatic antioxidants as ascorbate, reduced glutathione, α-tocopherol as well as enzymatic antioxidants as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). Thus, the application of Kn in optimum doses and through different modes can be used to alleviate UVC-induced negative impacts in tomato plants.Graphical abstract
Zirkulierendes Wissen. Didaktische Lernmaterialien als Objekte trans-epistemischer Kooperation
Authors: Cress Torsten , Kalthoff Herbert 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungSeit einigen Jahren beobachtet die sozialwissenschaftliche Schul- und Unterrichtsforschung die Rolle schulischen Lehr- und Lernmaterials. Fokussiert wird dabei vor allem die soziale Verwendung der meist bereits fertig vorliegenden Materialien im Vollzugsgeschehen des Unterrichts. Dieser Beitrag tritt einen Schritt zurück und beobachtet stattdessen die Herstellung und Verwendung solcher Objektevorihrer Produktreife. Anhand eines Fallbeispiels einer Kooperation zwischen zwei Schulen und einem bildungswirtschaftlichen Technologieunternehmen wird die Entwicklung und Erprobung einer Lernsoftware sowie dazugehöriger VR-Technologie untersucht. Es wird analysiert, wie Lehrkräfte und Firmenmitarbeiter/innen in die jeweils anderen Praxiskontexte eingebunden werden und dabei ihr technisches resp. didaktisches Wissen wechselseitig füreinander verfügbar machen. In der kooperativen Arbeit an digitalen didaktischen Objekten werden Grenzziehungen zwischen Schule und Unternehmen temporär transzendiert. Die Objekte, die auf dieser Basis anwendungsorientiert entwickelt werden, erweisen sich als Resultat einer trans-epistemischen kooperativen Regulation von didaktischen „Visionen“ und technischer „Machbarkeit“. Indem die verschiedenen Dimensionen der kooperativen gewerblichen Fertigung digitaler didaktischer Objekte sowie deren prototypisches Versuchsstadium in den Blick genommen werden, analysiert der Beitrag den Prozess der Digitalisierung von Unterricht als ein innovatives soziales Geschehen, das durch ökonomische, technische und didaktische Rationalitäten strukturiert wird.
Incremental Versus Immediate Induction of Hypertension in the Treatment of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Veldeman Michael , Weiss Miriam , Albanna Walid , Nikoubashman Omid , Schulze-Steinen Henna , Clusmann Hans , Hoellig Anke , Schubert Gerrit Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and contributes to unfavorable outcome. In patients with deterioration despite prophylactic nimodipine treatment, induced hypertension (iHTN) can be considered, although the safety and efficacy of induction are still a matter of debate. In this study, two iHTN treatment algorithms were compared with different approaches toward setting pressure targets.

Methods
In a cohort of 325 consecutive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 139 patients were treated by induced hypertension as a first tier treatment. On diagnosing DCI, blood pressure was raised via norepinephrine infusion in 20-mm Hg increments in 37 patients (iHTNincr), whereas 102 patients were treated by immediate elevation to systolic pressure above 180 mm Hg (iHTNimm). Treatment choice was based on personal preference of the treating physician but with a gradual shift away from incremental elevation. Both groups were evaluated for DCI-caused infarction, the need of additional endovascular rescue treatment, the occurrence of pressor-treatment-related complications, and clinical outcome assessed by the extended Glasgow outcome scale after 12 months.

Results
The rate of refractory DCI requiring additional rescue therapy was comparable in both groups (48.9% in iHTNincr, 40.0% in iHTNimm; p = 0.332). The type of induced hypertension was not independently associated with the occurrence of DCI-related infarction in a logistic regression model (odds ratio 1.004; 95% confidence interval 0.329–3.443; p = 0.942). Similar rates of pressor-treatment-related complications were observed in both treatment groups. Favorable outcome was reached in 44 (43.1%) patients in the immediate vs. 10 (27.0%) patients in the incremental treatment group (p = 0.076). However, only Hunt and Hess grading was identified as an independent predictor variable of clinical outcome (odds ratio 0.422; 95% confidence interval 0.216–0.824; p = 0.012).

Conclusions
Immediate induction of hypertension with higher pressure targets did not result in a lower rate of DCI-related infarctions but was not associated with a higher complication rate compared with an incremental approach. Future tailored blood pressure management based on patient- and time-point-specific needs will hopefully better balance the neurological advantages versus the systemic complications of induced hypertension.
Collective and Individual Social Capital and the Impact on Incubator Tenants’ Graduation
Authors: Zhang Li , Shih Tommy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIncubator tenants usually lack established business relationships and legitimacy. Incubators, therefore, aim to aid tenants in forming meaningful relationships that will contribute to their development. The literature on incubator tenants, including their development, naturally focuses naturally on when they are in an incubator. Valuable insights have been made on how network-based incubation influences the performance of tenants. However, the relationship between networks and performance is ambiguous, and the choice of measure plays an important role. Gradation is a clear indicator of venture development in an incubator. Nonetheless, few studies have focused on the impact of tenants’ relationships on graduation. This study focuses on the impact of social capital on the graduation of incubator tenants. It explores how tenants’ relationships impact their graduation by investigating the collective and individual social capital of tenants. A structural equation model was employed to study the impact of social capital on graduation based on data from incubators in the Wuhan Donghu High-Tech Zone. This study’s contributions are as follows: first, it provides insights into the impact of bonding and bridging social capital on tenants’ graduation. Second, it sheds light on the different roles of the collective social capital of incubators and individual social capital of tenants and their contributions to tenants’ graduation. Third, it provides a description of the heterogeneous mechanisms of individual social capital of tenants and their association with graduation.
The Role of Angiotensin II in Poisoning-Induced Shock—a Review
Authors: Chen Andrew , Wong Anselm 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Shock in drug poisoning is a life-threatening condition and current management involves fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. Management is limited by the toxicity of high-dose vasopressors such as catecholamines. Clinical trials have shown the efficacy of angiotensin II as an adjunct vasopressor in septic shock. The aim of this review is to assess the use of angiotensin II in patients with shock secondary to drug overdose.

Methods
Medline (from 1946), Embase (from 1947) and PubMed (from 1946) databases were searched until July 2021 via OVID. Included studies were those with shock due to drug poisoning and received angiotensin II as part of their treatment regimen. Of the 481 articles identified, 13 studies (case reports and scientific abstracts) were included in the final analysis with a total of 14 patients. Extracted data included demographics, overdose drug and dosage, angiotensin II dosage, time of angiotensin II administration, haemodynamic changes, length of hospital stay, mortality, complications, cardiac function and other treatment agents used.

Results
Thirteen studies were included consisting of 6 case reports, 6 scientific abstracts and 1 case series. Overdose drugs included antihypertensives (n = 8), psychotropics (n = 4), isopropanol (n = 1) and tamsulosin (n = 1). Out of a total of 14 patients, 3 patients died. Ten patients had their haemodynamic changes reported. In terms of MAP or SBP changes, three patients (30%) had an immediate response to angiotensin II, four patients (40%) had responses within 30 min, one patient (10%) within two hours and two patients (20%) did not have their time reported. Two patients were shown to have direct chronotropic effects within 30 min of angiotensin II administration. The median hospital stay for patients was 5 days (IQR = 4). The time from overdose until angiotensin II administration ranged from 5 to 56 h. Other vasopressors used included phenylephrine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, vasopressin, dobutamine, dopamine, methylene blue and ephedrine. A median of 3 vasopressors were used before initiation of angiotensin II. Twelve patients received angiotensin II as their final treatment.

Conclusions
Angiotensin II may be useful as an adjunct vasopressor in treating shock secondary to drug poisoning. However, the current literature consisted of only very low-quality studies. To truly assess the utility of angiotensin II use in drug-induced poisoned patients, further well-designed prospective studies are required.
Should we regulate Artificial Intelligence or some uses of software?
Authors: Ellul Joshua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArtificial Intelligence regulatory developments have been ever-increasing in both academia as well as within policy and governmental settings. Whilst extensive literature has been published on the topic of how such regulation should be developed, the question as to whether such regulation should be AI-specific or focused on software in general remains unexplored. In this commentary paper this question is explored and after arguments for whether regulation should be technology-specific or be focused on the use of technology are provided.
Cut-off points in the waist:height ratio for the prediction of insulin resistance, second stage of sexual maturation in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Lins Pamela Rodrigues Martins , Arruda Neta Adélia da Costa Pereira de , Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was verify the best waist:height ratio (WHtR) cut-off points for the prediction of insulin resistance (IR) according to stage of sexual maturation in Brazilian adolescents. Data were analysed from 37 759 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age, of both sexes, participating in the ERICA study on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents (‘Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes– ERICA’). The following variables were included sex, age and sexual maturity according to the Tanner stage, waist circumference, height, WHtR, fasting insulin and fasting blood sugar so as to obtain the homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We constructed an Receiver Operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each group in order to determine the best WHtR cut-off points for the sample stratified by sex and stratified by sex and sexual maturation stage. The female sex corresponded to 60% of the sample, with a mean age of 14·7 years (sd± 0·08 years) and 13·1 % had IR. The prediction of IR through the WHtR indicator was better for boys, where all the areas under the ROC curve were superior to 0·70. When stratifying by sex alone, the best WHtR cut-off points found were equal to 0·45 for girls and 0·44 for boys. When stratifying by Tanner maturation stages, the cut-off points were reduced with advancing sexual maturation in the male group, while the opposite occurred in the female group. Among Brazilian adolescents, WHtR is a good predictor of IR evaluated by HOMA-IR, but different cut-off points should be adopted according to sex and sexual maturation stage.
Improved resilience following digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia protects against insomnia and depression one year later
Authors: Cheng Philip , Kalmbach David A. , Hsieh Hsing-Fang , Castelan Andrea Cuamatzi , Sagong Chaewon , Drake Christopher L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile the negative consequences of insomnia are well-documented, a strengths-based understanding of how sleep can increase health promotion is still emerging and much-needed. Correlational evidence has connected sleep and insomnia to resilience; however, this relationship has not yet been experimentally tested. This study examined resilience as a mediator of treatment outcomes in a randomized clinical trial with insomnia patients.MethodsParticipants were randomized to either digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I; n = 358) or sleep education control (n = 300), and assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 1-year follow-up. A structural equation modeling framework was utilized to test resilience as a mediator of insomnia and depression. Risk for insomnia and depression was also tested in the model, operationalized as a latent factor with sleep reactivity, stress, and rumination as indicators (aligned with the 3-P model). Sensitivity analyses tested the impact of change in resilience on the insomnia relapse and incident depression at 1-year follow-up.ResultsdCBT-I resulted in greater improvements in resilience compared to the sleep education control. Furthermore, improved resilience following dCBT-I lowered latent risk, which was further associated with reduced insomnia and depression at 1-year follow-up. Sensitivity analyses indicated that each point improvement in resilience following treatment reduced the odds of insomnia relapse and incident depression 1 year later by 76% and 65%, respectively.ConclusionsImproved resilience is likely a contributing mechanism to treatment gains following insomnia therapy, which may then reduce longer-term risk for insomnia relapse and depression.
-graded identities of the Lie algebras in characteristic 2
Authors: FIDELIS CLAUDEMIR , KOSHLUKOV PLAMEN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLetKbe any field of characteristic two and let$U_1$and$W_1$be the Lie algebras of the derivations of the algebra of Laurent polynomials$K[t,t^{-1}]$and of the polynomial ringK[t], respectively. The algebras$U_1$and$W_1$are equipped with natural$\mathbb{Z}$-gradings. In this paper, we provide bases for the graded identities of$U_1$and$W_1$, and we prove that they do not admit any finite basis.