bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biden and the Affordable Care Act: Congressional Action, Executive Federalism, State Litigation, and Program Durability
Authors: Thompson Frank J , Gusmano Michael K 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPartisan, fractious federalism has strongly shaped the Biden administration’s efforts to reverse Trump’s undermining of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). In June 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with Democratic, rather than Republican, state attorneys general to uphold the ACA. This enabled Biden to proceed with legislative and executive initiatives to reinvigorate the program. Biden secured passage of the American Rescue Plan (ARP), which temporarily boosted ACA enrollments. He also successfully pursued several executive initiatives to bolster the program. The victories of Democratic state attorneys general and private litigants in the courts during the Trump presidency often provided the platform for Biden’s success. On balance, the ACA’s vital signs have improved under Biden. But the durability of these gains depends heavily on whether Congress approves Build Back Better legislation that extends ARP benefits, and whether Biden can overcome resistance by Republican states in the courts and otherwise (especially concerning waivers).
The impact of lower strength alcohol products on alcohol purchases: ARIMA analyses based on 4 million purchases by 69 803 households, 2015–2019
Authors: Anderson Peter , O’Donnell Amy , Jané Llopis Eva , Kaner Eileen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Lowering the strength of alcohol products could lead to less alcohol being bought and drunk. In its prevention White Paper, the UK Government aims to promote a significant increase in the availability of alcohol-free and low-alcohol products by 2025.

Methods
Through descriptive analysis and ARIMA modelling of &gt;4 million alcohol purchases from 69 803 British households, we study the potential impact of lower strength alcohol products in reducing household purchases of grams of alcohol over 2015–2019. Households are divided into predominantly beer, wine or spirits purchasers.

Results
Over 5 years, there were decreases in purchases of grams of alcohol within beer amongst beer-purchasing households and increases in purchases of grams of alcohol within wine and spirits amongst, respectively, wine- and spirits-purchasing households. Almost all the changes were due to beer-purchasing households buying less regular strength beer, and wine and spirits-purchasing households buying, respectively, more regular strength wine and spirits, rather than increases in purchases of no- and low-alcohol products.

Conclusions
In general, lower strength alcohol products have not contributed to British households buying fewer grams of alcohol over the 5-year follow-up period during 2015–2019.
Current census of oncology critical care medicine in China
Authors: Wang Y , Cui K , Li X , Gao Y , Hu Z , Wang H , Ma G , Zhu B , Wang D , Wang C , Yu K 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Objective
The purposes of this survey were to show the current situation of oncology critical care medicine in China by questionnaire, to understand the resource distribution of oncology critical care medicine and to analyze and evaluate the existing resources and reserve capacity of oncology critical care medicine in China.

Methods
We conducted the survey mainly in the form of an online questionnaire. The Committee of Cancer Critical Care Medicine of the Chinese Anticancer Association (CACA) initiated the survey on 1 November 2017, and 36 member hospitals nationwide participated in the survey. The questionnaire included 10 items: investigator information, hospital information, general information of oncology critical care department, staffing of oncology critical care department, management in oncology critical care department, technical skills in oncology critical care department, patient source in oncology critical care department, equipment configuration in oncology critical care department, special skills in oncology critical care department and summary of the information.

Results
The survey results included information from 28 member units, all of which were tertiary hospitals, distributed in 20 provinces and 4 direct-controlled municipalities. The results are as follows. (i) The total ratio of beds in the oncology critical care department to hospital beds was 1.06%, and the average number of beds in the oncology critical care department was 16.36. (ii) The ratio of physicians in the oncology critical care department to beds was ∼0.62:1, and the ratio of nurses to beds was ∼1.98:1. (iii) According to the census of the population and gross domestic product (GDP) of different regions conducted by the State Statistics Bureau in 2017, the ratio of beds in the oncology critical care department for tumor patients to the population was 4.55 beds per 10 million people, and the ratio of beds in the oncology critical care department to GDP was 8.00 beds per RMB 100 billion, on average. (iv) According to the requirements of the guidelines for the development and management of critical care medicine in China, the facilities in departments of oncology critical care medicine meet the requirements, and the technical skills of medical staff are competent.

Conclusion
The development of oncology critical care in China is becoming better, but there is still a certain gap compared with the intensive care unit standards in China and the average level of the nationwide. The development of oncology critical care medicine is urgent.
Recommendations with Feedback
Authors: Iyer Ganesh , Manso Gustavo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We investigate the strategic role of a recommender who cares about accuracy and whose recommendations influence product quality. In the presence of such feedback effects, recommendations have a self-fulling property: the recommendation agent can select any firm that will end up being the firm with the best quality. This produces important inefficiencies that include (a) a lack of incentive to acquire valuable information, (b) a status quo bias, and (c) the avoidance of risky innovations. Monetary payments from firms may work in mitigating these inefficiencies, while competition between recommenders and monetary payments from consumers are ineffective.
Chilblains in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a review
Authors: Dubey Shirish , Joshi Nilay , Stevenson Olivia , Gordon Caroline , Reynolds John A 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChilblains were first described over a hundred years ago as cutaneous inflammatory lesions, typically on the digits, occurring on cold exposure. Chilblains can be primary, or secondary to a number of conditions such as infections, including COVID-19, and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) with SLE being the commonest. Chilblain lupus erythematosus (CHLE) was first described in 1888 as cold-induced erythematous lesions before the terms ‘chilblains’ or ‘perniosis’ were coined. Diagnostic criteria exist for both chilblains and CHLE. Histopathologically, CHLE lesions show interface dermatitis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Immunofluorescence demonstrates linear deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the dermo-epidermal junction. This narrative review focuses on chilblains secondary to immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, primarily the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of CHLE.
CAN THE SIZE-SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATE BE DERIVED FROM THE BODY MASS INDEX? A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Authors: Steiniger Beatrice , Klippel Chris , Teichgräber Ulf , Reichenbach Jürgen R , Fiebich Martin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSize-specific dose estimate ($\mathbf{SSDE}$) index appears to be more suitable than the commonly used volume computed tomography dose index ($\mathbf{C}{\mathbf{TDI}}_{\mathbf{vol}}$) to estimate the dose delivered to the patient during a computed tomography (CT) scan. We evaluated whether an ${\mathbf{SSDE}}_{\mathbf{BMI}}$ can be determined from the patient’s body mass index ($\mathbf{BMI}$) with sufficient reliability in the case that a $\mathbf{SSDE}$ is not given by the CT scanner. For each of the three most used examination types, CT examinations of 50 female and 50 male patients were analyzed. The $\mathbf{SSDE}$ values automatically provided by the scanner were compared with ${\mathbf{SSDE}}_{\mathbf{BMI}}$ determined from $\mathbf{C}{\mathbf{TDI}}_{\mathbf{vol}}$ and $\mathbf{BMI}$. A good accordance of ${\mathbf{SSDE}}_{\mathbf{BMI}}$ and $\mathbf{SSDE}$ was found for the chest and abdominal regions. A low correlation was observed for the head region. The presented method is a simple and practically useful surrogate approach for the chest and abdominal regions but not for the head.
SPECIATION OF CESIUM ISOTOPES IN RIVER WATER: A CASE STUDY IN THE UKEDO RIVER
Authors: Tazoe Hirofumi , Tachizaki Ryo , Tomisaka Yuto , Kuwata Haruka , Akata Naofumi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
137Cs in river systems can be taken up by aquatic animals. In this paper, total 137Cs concentration in the Ukedo River system and 137Cs presence in dissolved, acid-soluble and -insoluble fractions in river water samples were determined. Total 137Cs concentration had the maximum value of 2.08 Bq kg−1 below the Ogaki Dam in May 2012. In the base flow condition, &gt; 87% of 137Cs existed in the dissolved state, and the acid-soluble state and the insoluble state were &lt;13% and the undetectable level, respectively. After the heavy rain event, the particulate fraction (acid-soluble state + insoluble state) was elevated to 65%, which corresponds to twice as much as that in the base flow condition. Particulate 137Cs, especially the acid-soluble Cs, can play a role when taken into the food chain in aquatic ecosystems.
IN-SITU 5G NR BASE STATION EXPOSURE OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC: COMPARISON OF ASSESSMENT METHODS
Authors: Deprez Kenneth , Verloock Leen , Colussi Loek , Aerts Sam , Van den Bossche Matthias , Kamer Jos , Bolte John , Martens Luc , Plets David , Joseph Wout 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
New measurement methods and equipment for correct 5G New Radio (NR) electromagnetic field (EMF) in-situ exposure assessment of instantaneous time-averaged exposure (Eavg) and maximum extrapolated field exposure (Emax) are proposed. The different options are investigated with in-situ measurements around 5G NR base stations (FR1) in different countries. The maximum electric field values satisfy the ICNIRP 2020 limit (maximum 7.7%). The difference between Emax and Eavg is &lt;3 dB for the different measurement equipment at multiple sites in case there is only self-generated traffic. However, in a more realistic scenario, Eavg cannot be used to assess the exposure correctly due to influence of other users as the spatial distribution of user equipment (UE) influences Eavg, while Emax is not affected. However, when multiple UEs are collocated, there is no influence of the number of UEs. A broadband measurement can give a first impression of the RF-EMF exposure up to 700 m, but is not enough to assess the 5G-NR exposure.
Bringing Family Demography Back In: A Life Course Approach to the Gender Gap in Caregiving in the United States
Authors: Ice Erin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite decades of progress toward gender equality, women remain as the United States’ primary caregivers. Past research has shown how couples and families organize care at distinct life course moments but has not studied how these moments combine to create differences in men and women’s full life courses of caregiving. In this article, I look beyond negotiations within households to introduce a complementary demographic explanation for the gender gap in caregiving—women’s greater likelihood to reside with dependents. A focus on patterns of coresidence is warranted, given the growing diversity of family forms, which may expose women to additional and varied care demands at differing ages. Drawing on data from the 2011 to 2019 American Time Use Surveys, I study how coresidential care demands shape the population gender gap in childcare and eldercare across ages 20–79 and how demands differ for Black, White, and Latina/o women and men. My results show that coresidence with dependents is uneven across the life course, and women’s exposures occur early and late in adulthood, while men are exposed to more care demands in midlife. Patterns of childbearing, partnership, and extended family embeddedness contribute to Black and Latina women’s greater exposure to care demands early in adulthood and White women’s greater exposure to care demands later in the life course. Thus, despite growing egalitarianism within households, the rise of complex families contributes to bolstering population-level gender inequality in caregiving across adulthood.
Mediating role of psychological distress in the associations between neighborhood social environments and sleep health
Authors: Kim Byoungjun , Troxel Wendy M , Dubowitz Tamara , Hunter Gerald P , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Chaix Basile , Rudolph Kara E , Morrison Christopher N , Branas Charles C , Duncan Dustin T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
The characteristics of neighborhood social environments, such as safety and social cohesion, have been examined as determinants of poor sleep. The current study investigates associations between neighborhood social characteristics and sleep health, as well as the mediating role of psychological distress on these possible associations.

Methods
Three waves of PHRESH Zzz (n = 2699), a longitudinal study conducted in two low-income, predominately Black neighborhoods, were utilized for this analysis. The characteristics of neighborhood social environments were measured using crime rates, a neighborhood social disorder index, and self-reported social cohesion. Sleep health was measured via 7 days of wrist-worn actigraphy as insufficient sleep, sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency. G-estimations based on structural nested mean models and mediation analyses were performed to estimate the effects of neighborhood social environments on sleep as well as direct/indirect effects through psychological distress.

Results
Crime rate around residential addresses was associated with increased risk of insufficient sleep (risk ratio: 1.05 [1.02, 1.12]), increased WASO (β: 3.73 [0.26, 6.04]), and decreased sleep efficiency (β: −0.54 [−0.91, −0.09]). Perceived social cohesion was associated with decreased risk of insufficient sleep (OR: 0.93 [0.88, 0.97]). Psychological distress mediated part of the associations of crime and social cohesion with insufficient sleep.

Conclusions
Neighborhood social environments may contribute to poor sleep health in low-income, predominantly Black neighborhoods, and psychological distress can be a salient pathway linking these neighborhood characteristics and sleep health.
I Know Why the White Lady Cries: Growing Pains of an Antiracist Cleft Habitus
Authors: Ball Amanda C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Based on interviews and participant observation of a white antiracist organization, this study asks: Can white people become antiracist? What role do white antiracist organizations play in this process? Bridging literature on whiteness and racialization with theories on habitus, I argue that white antiracist organizations act as incubators for white people to learn the “high culture” of the racial justice field, which is dominated by Black actors. White antiracist organizations provide a space for white people to emotionally process the white habitus and their own racist behaviors, colorblind or otherwise. White antiracists show a shift in behavior and ability to participate in the racial justice field with new-to-them forms of cultural capital but experience a rupture with the white habitus that isolates them as people who are white and antiracist in the larger racial field of the United States. White antiracists experience a cleft habitus that generates discomfort. I expand on the concept of the cleft habitus by including race as central to the process and highlighting the experience of the cleft habitus as it unfolds. These findings expand our understandings of whiteness, habitus, and antiracism as race and racism become more central to conversations about equity in society.
Family Care Work Coverage in Pensions: Mapping and Contextualizing International Variations and Developments
Authors: Frericks Patricia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOld-age pensions are the major redistributive system of present-day societies. Central to current discourses on pensions and their reforms is the relevance of work as gainful employment for building up pension rights. Family care work is largely disregarded. Applying the innovative SCQual method, this article systematically quantifies and maps family care work entitlements in ten European countries at different times. The findings suggest that empirical realities and conceptual principles of European pension systems contradict the currently dominant discourses on pensions that result from empirical and theoretical limitations. Family care work entitlements are to be found in all countries, and care work currently provides rather robust entitlements to pensions in most. Since pensions in all welfare states are increasingly built up on the basis of labor-market participation, the different approaches to covering family care work in contribution-based pension systems are separately analyzed.
Maturation Delay of Human GABAergic Neurogenesis in Fragile X Syndrome Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Ai , Sokolova Irina , Domissy Alain , Davis Joshua , Rao Lee , Hana Utami Kagistia , Wang Yanling , Hagerman Randi J , Pouladi Mahmoud A , Sanna Pietro , Boland Michael J , Loring Jeanne F 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the leading monogenic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder, is caused by expansion of a CGG trinucleotide repeat in the 5ʹ-UTR of the Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 (FMR1) gene. Epigenetic silencing of FMR1 results in loss of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). Although most studies to date have focused on excitatory neurons, recent evidence suggests that GABAergic inhibitory networks are also affected. To investigate human GABAergic neurogenesis, we established a method to reproducibly derive inhibitory neurons from multiple FXS and control human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. Electrophysiological analyses suggested that the developing FXS neurons had a delay in the GABA functional switch, a transition in fetal development that converts the GABAA channel’s function from depolarization to hyperpolarization, with profound effects on the developing brain. To investigate the cause of this delay, we analyzed 14 400 single-cell transcriptomes from FXS and control cells at 2 stages of GABAergic neurogenesis. While control and FXS cells were similar at the earlier time point, the later-stage FXS cells retained expression of neuroblast proliferation-associated genes and had lower levels of genes associated with action potential regulation, synapses, and mitochondria compared with controls. Our analysis suggests that loss of FMRP prolongs the proliferative stage of progenitors, which may result in more neurons remaining immature during the later stages of neurogenesis. This could have profound implications for homeostatic excitatory-inhibitory circuit development in FXS, and suggests a novel direction for understanding disease mechanisms that may help to guide therapeutic interventions.
Intra-articular Injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After High Tibial Osteotomy in Osteoarthritic Knee: Two-Year Follow-up of Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kim Jun-Ho , Kim Kang-Il , Yoon Wan Keun , Song Sang-Jun , Jin Wook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntra-articular injection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) after medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) would be a promising disease-modifying treatment by correcting biomechanical and biochemical environment for arthritic knee with varus malalignment. However, there is a paucity of clinical evidence of the treatment. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was aimed to assess regeneration of cartilage defect, functional improvement, and safety of intra-articular injection of ADMSCs after MOWHTO compared with MOWHTO alone for osteoarthritic knee with varus malalignment. This RCT allocated 26 patients into the MOWHTO with ADMSC-injection group (n = 13) and control (MOWHTO-alone) group (n = 13). The primary outcome was the serial changes of cartilage defect on periodic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation using valid measurements until postoperative 24 months. Secondary outcomes were the 2-stage arthroscopic evaluation for macroscopic cartilage status and the postoperative functional improvements of patient-reported outcome measures until the latest follow-up. Furthermore, safety profiles after the treatment were evaluated. Cartilage regeneration on serial MRIs showed significantly better in the ADMSC group than in the control group. The arthroscopic assessment revealed that total cartilage regeneration was significantly better in the ADMSC group. Although it was not significant, functional improvements after the treatment showed a tendency to be greater in the ADMSC group than in the control group from 18 months after the treatment. No treatment-related adverse events, serious adverse events, and postoperative complications occurred in all cases. Concomitant intra-articular injection of ADMSCs with MOWHTO had advantages over MOWHTO alone in terms of cartilage regeneration with safety at 2-year follow-up, suggesting potential disease-modifying treatment for knee OA with varus malalignment.
Foreign nongrantor trusts for US beneficiaries: dos and don’ts
Authors: McCaffrey Carlyn S , Zhou Shudan , Cavanagh William G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The throwback tax is the US tax law’s main tool for discouraging tax-free accumulation of income by foreign non-grantor trusts for US beneficiaries. Its complex rules are a dangerous minefield that should be avoided. This article reviews the operation of the throwback tax rules, and assesses the effectiveness of this trust anti-deferral regime in various fact patterns. It also discusses how the trust anti-deferral regime interacts with the US law’s foreign corporation anti-deferral regime, another minefield.
Alleviation of chemotherapy-induced acute lung injury via NLRP3/ ASC/ Caspase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Sherif Iman O , Al-Shaalan Nora H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acute lung injury has been reported following various chemotherapeutic agents administration. Several pathways for lung injury have been speculated however, the exact mechanism of the lung injury induced by methotrexate (MTX) is yet to be defined. The potential protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GB), a Chinese herbal medicine, against MTX-induced lung injury is still not reported. Therefore, this study was performed to examine the possible implication of NLRP3 inflammasome and miRNA-21 in the pathogenesis of the MTX-induced lung injury as well as the protective role of GB in ameliorating the induced lung injury. Rats received GB (100 mg/kg/day, orally) for 10 days and MTX (20 mg/kg single dose, intraperitoneally) on the fifth day. MTX-induced lung injury was manifested by lung histopathology. MTX exhibited a marked increase in lung malondialdehyde beside a notable decrease in lung reduced glutathione. Moreover, MTX injection activated the lung NLRP3 inflammasome by significant upregulation of the NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 lung mRNA expressions and protein levels in addition to lung NF-kBp65 protein expression, and miRNA-21 expression when compared with the normal control group. However, GB administration mitigated lung injury and inhibited the NLRP3 activation. This study is the first report to reveal the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of MTX-induced lung injury and also to show that the administration of GB alleviates the lung injury induced by MTX via suppressing the oxidative stress, restoring the antioxidant activity, blocking the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 signaling and downregulating the NF-kBp65 protein expression ae well as miRNA-21 expression in lung tissue.