bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentiel de séquestration du carbone des agroforêts à base de caféier robusta (Coffea canephora var. robusta) dans les bassins de production du Cameroun
Authors: Ngomeni Arlende Flore , Bidzanga Emmanuel Lucien Nomo , Avana Marie Louise , Tchamba Martin Ngankam , Chimi Cédric Djomo , Chimi Cédric Djomo 
Published: February 2022

Une étude en vue d’évaluer le potentiel de séquestration du carbone des Agroforêts à base de Caféiers Robusta (ACR) a été menée dans quatre sites contrastés par leurs caractéristiques biophysiques et socioéconomiques, et appartenant à trois bassins de production du café au Cameroun. L’approche méthodologique a porté sur la collecte des données d’inventaires dans 120 ACR de différents âges (30 par site); lesquelles ont permis d’estimer le potentiel de séquestration du carbone de façon non-destructive en utilisant les équations allométriques. Le potentiel de séquestration du carbone évalués ont varié significativement entre les sites, de 67,84±45,41 t C.ha-1 à Ayos à 41,94±15,50 t C.ha-1 à Nkongsamba. Globalement, ces potentiels de séquestration du carbone diminuaient suivant le gradient d’anthropisation des sites d’étude. Les ACR des classes d’âge (années) de [30-45[et de [45-60[ont eu les potentiels de séquestration du carbone les plus élevés pour les Espèces associées (EA) et les caféiers respectivement. Le potentiel de séquestration du carbone des EA endogènes (19,46 t C.ha-1 ) était plus élevé que celui des EA introduites (6,32 t C.ha-1). Ces résultats montrent que la contribution des ACR dans les mécanismes d’atténuation des effets du changement climatique est une évidence qu’il faudrait capitaliser.

English title: Carbon sequestration potential of robusta coffee agroforests (Coffea canephora var. robusta) in production basins of Cameroon
A study to assess the carbon sequestration potential of Robusta coffee Agroforests (RCAs) was carried out in four sites, contrasted by their biophysical and socio-economic characteristics, and belonging to three coffee production basins in Cameroon. The methodological approach involves the collection of inventory from 120 RCAs of different ages, (30 per site), which allowed no-destructive estimation of carbon stocks using. The assessed carbon sequestration potentials evaluated varied significantly between sites, from 67.84 ± 45.41 Mg C.ha-1 in Ayos to 41.94 ± 15.50 Mg C.ha-1 in Nkongsamba. Overall, these carbon sequestration potentials decreased along the anthropization gradient of the study sites. RCAs of the [30-45[ and [45-60 [age classes (years) had the highest carbon sequestration potentials for associated species (Eas) and coffee trees respectively. The potential of carbon sequestration of the endogenous EA (19.46 Mg C.ha -1 ) was higher than that of the introduced EA (6.32 Mg C.ha -1). These results show that the contribution of RCAs in climate change mitigation mechanisms is evident and should be capitalized upon.
Effectiveness of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Fruits Extract Towards Growth of Trichophyton rubrum: in vitro Study
Authors: Dirgantara Dandi Tri , Setyaningsih Yuni , Bahar Meiskha 
Published: February 2022

Trichophyton rubrum is the most common cause of dermatophytosis. The use of synthetic-antifungals has several side effects and resistance. Exract of tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) fruits contains active compounds that have potential as antifungal, including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids This study aims to determine the effectiveness of tamarillo extract as antifungals against the growth of T. rubrum. This study used ethanol extract of tamarillo fruits with a concentration based on volume/volume (v/v) percentage of 20%; 40%; 60%; and 80%, ketoconazole as positive control, and aquadest as negative control. The antifungal test was conducted by using well diffusion method on Saboraud-Dextrose-Agar medium and was incubated for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Data were analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis-test with the results p=0.01, p=0.000, p=0.000 respectively according to the length of incubation time. Data were analyzed for Post-Hoc by Mann-Whitney-test showing the three groups of data had significant differences in results between the two treatment groups. Most effective extract group was the extract with concentration of 20% at incubation time of 24 hours with relatively strong antifungal properties. The results showed that the tamarillo fruits extract as antifungal are effective towards growth of T. rubrum which indicated by the presence of inhibition zone at a concentration of 20%; 40%; 60%; and 80 after being incubated for 24 hours with diameters of 13,375 mm, 15,725 mm, 17,025 mm and 19.25 mm, respectively.
Ўзбекистонда хотин-қизларнинг сиёсий партия фаолиятидаги иштироки: миллий ва хорижий тажриба
Authors: Давронова Феруза 
Published: February 2022

Мақолада мамлакатимизда хотин-қизларни қўллаб-қувватлаш, уларнинг давлат ва жамият бошқарувидаги нуфузи ва мавқеини ошириш, аёлларнинг сиёсий фаоллигини юксалтириш борасидаги стратегик вазифаларни янги босқичга кўтариш тўғрисидаги ислоҳотлар, сиёсий таҳлил ва илмий хулосалар келтирилади. Жумладан, аёллар сиёсий фаоллигини кенгайтиришда сиёсий партияларнинг аҳамияти ва роли, хорижий тажрибалар ва истиқболдаги режалар ҳақида сиёсий мулоҳазалар баён этилади. Шу билан бирга, жамият ижтимоий-сиёсий модернизациясида аёллар иштирокини таъминлаш динамикаси статистик кўрсаткичлар асосида хориж, қўшни давлатлар ва Ўзбекистон мисолида қиёсланади.
Божхона тўғрисидаги қонунчиликни бузиш жиноятларини тергов қилишнинг процессуал-ҳуқуқий асослари
Authors: Зуфаров Ахмад 
Published: February 2022

Мақолада божхона тўғрисидаги қонунчиликни бузиш жиноятини тергов қилишда аҳамиятли ҳолатлар, шунингдек, предметидан фарқ қиладиган контрабанда жинояти билан ўртасидаги фарқли жиҳатлари кўрсатилган. Шунингдек, бу йўналишдаги айрим олимларнинг фикрлари кўрсатилиб, божхона тўғрисидаги қонунчиликни бузишни исботлаш ва тегишли далилларни тўплаш бўйича айнан қайси тергов ҳаракатларини ўтказиш, уларнинг процессуал-ҳуқуқий асослари қайд этилган. Тезкор-қидирув тадбирларидан далил сифатида мустаҳкамлаш чоралари таъкидланган.
Ўзбекистонда мол-мулкни ишончли бошқаришнинг назарий ва амалий муаммолари
Authors: Акрамов Акмалжон 
Published: February 2022

Ушбу илмий ишда мулкни ишончли бошқариш тушунчаси, унинг асосий тамойиллари, бизнесда мулкни ишончли бошқариш соҳасидаги қонунчиликнинг ўрни ва аҳамияти ўрганилган. Шу билан бирга, тижорат ҳуқуқи соҳасидаги қонунчилик ва мулкни ишончли бошқариш билан боғлиқ фуқаролик қонунчилиги нормалари таҳлил қилинди. Тадбиркорлик фаолиятида мулкни ишончли бошқариш соҳасидаги айрим хорижий давлатларнинг қонунчилик ҳужжатлари ва тегишли ҳуқуқни қўллаш амалиёти батафсил ўрганилди, ушбу соҳадаги миллий қонунчиликни янада такомиллаштириш бўйича таклифлар ишлаб чиқилди.
Gambaran Apraisal Sikap dalam Teks Dialog Penyandang Anxiety
Authors: Suriyadi Suriyadi , Erwinsyah Erwinsyah , Ahmad Sulaiman 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian bahasa evaluatif dalam teori Apraisal ini menggambarkan makna yang terdapat dalam teks dialog para penyandang ansietas (anxiety) dalam grup Bye-Bye Cemas 3 (BBC3) yang dapat berupa sumber-sumber bahasa yang tidak hanya memiliki nilai negatif tetapi juga bersumber dari bahasa-bahasa yang memiliki nilai positif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk memerikan apraisal Sikap dalam teks dialog penyandang anxiety dan (2) menganalisis apraisal Sikap yang terbentuk dalam teks dialog penyandang Anxiety.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif analitis. Data yang bersumber dari teks dialog penyandang anxiety di grup whatsApp BBC3 dikumpulkan, dikelompokkan dan dianalisis berdasarkan data apa adanya yang dikomunikasikan oleh para penyandang anxiety.
Berdasarkan analisis data disimpulkan: (1) penggunaan sumber-sumber subsistem Afek dalam apraisal Sikap paling dominan dibandingkan dengan kedua subsistem lainnya yaitu Penghakiman/Penilaian dan Apresiasi. (2), penggunaan sumber-sumber “takut” bernilai negatif paling dominan dalam subsistem Afek, kemudian diikuti sumber-sumber “ingin/hasrat” yang bernilai positif. Setelah itu, penggunaan sumber-sumber “kapasitas” bernilai possitif paling dominan dalam subsistem Penilaian/Penghakiman, kemudian diikuti sumber-sumber “tenasitas” yang bernilai negatif. Penggunaan sumber-sumber “kualiatas” bernilai positif paling dominan dalam subsistem Afek, kemudian diikuti sumber-sumber “valuasi” yang bernilai negatif. Dominasi penggunaan leksis subsistem Afek dalam percakapan para penyandang anxiety di WhatsApp BBC pada umumnya disebabkan para penyandang anxiety berbicara tentang ekspresi emosi dan perasaan mereka berkaitan dengan penyakit cemas dan takut yang menerpa mereka.
Frequency of retinopathy of prematurity at a tertiary referral center
Authors: Kasiri Niusha , Kasiri Ali , Farrahi Fereydoun , Mirdehghan Mohammad Sadegh , Kasiri Rozhin 
Published: February 2022

Background: With advances in medical facilities and increased survival of premature infants, the prevalence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has increased. This study aimed to determine the frequency of ROP and its associated risk factors.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical, retrospective study included all premature infants with a birth weight (BW) ? 2,500 g and/or gestational age (GA) ? 35 weeks who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, for ROP screening over a 7-year period from April 2013 to April 2020. Demographic criteria, associated risk factors, and findings of eye examinations were collected and analyzed.
Results: Of the 812 at-risk infants screened, 807 met the inclusion criteria. ROP was observed in 316 (39.0%) of the 807 premature infants, with types I and II in 142 (45.0%) and 174 (55.0%) infants, respectively. The mean GA (29.6 ± 2.5 weeks versus 30.7 ± 2.5 weeks) and BW (1,203.6 ± 382.8 g versus 1,333.5 ± 386.5 g) were significantly lower in infants with ROP than in those without ROP (both P < 0.001). GA (r = 0.80; P < 0.001) and BW (r = 0.85; P < 0.001) had a strong positive correlation with ROP, and the correlation increased as GA and BW decreased (all P < 0.001). Associated risk factors in infants with ROP, in order of frequency, were oxygen therapy (22.8%), respiratory distress (16.1%), phototherapy (14.6%), blood transfusion (5.7%), apnea (4.1%), mechanical ventilation (1.6%), and intraventricular hemorrhage (0.9%). Multivariate regression analyses showed low GA and BW (both P < 0.05) as independent predictors of ROP.
Conclusions: The frequency of ROP in premature infants was slightly higher than the average range reported for domestic and foreign statistics. Low BW and GA were independent predictors of ROP.
Closed Fracture Treatment in Adults, When is it Still Relevant?
Authors: Coon Matthew , Denisiuk Marek , Woodbury Derrek , Best Benjamin , Vaidya Rahul 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION Fracture treatment has been documented since the times of ancient Egyptian and Greek civilization, with fracture reduction techniques and the apparatus for immobilization developed over three millennia. Over the last 150 years, aseptic technique, anesthesia, antibiotics, and internal implants have changed how orthopedic specialists approach fracture care. More recently, there has been an increased promotion in the medical literature to evaluate the clinical outcomes of nonsurgical treatment of common upper and lower extremity closed fractures. METHODS In this paper, the authors review the history of closed extremity fracture treatments, outline contemporary studies regarding treatments of non-displaced fractures, and discuss the recent literature that has informed orthopedic surgeon-patient decision-making discussions regarding closed fracture management. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this literature review, orthopedic providers should consider the preferable outcomes associated with nonoperative fracture management such as lower infection rates, the possibility of rapid functional improvements and lower healthcare costs. Nonoperative methods for closed fractures can sometimes be more safely delivered even with more difficult fractures. This may be of particular benefit to patients with higher surgical risks, minimizing exposure to treatments that are not only more invasive and expensive, but that can impose greater postoperative risks.
Tuberculosis Screening via Chest X-Ray is Financially Burdensome in Previously Independently Living Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Khan Haseeb , Gupta Mayank , Bou-Akl Therese , Markel David 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND In 1995, to reduce the transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that all patients discharged from hospitals be required to have chest x-rays (i.e., radiography) performed before admission to long term care facilities (LTCFs). Previously independently living patients (PILPs) who undergo elective total knee replacement (TKA) surgery are a population at higher risk to end up in LTCFs for rehabilitation. By 2017, the incidence of TB was 9,105 cases compared to 22,762 in 1995. However, the recommendations that hospitals be required to perform a chest x-ray in all patients (including PILPs) being transferred to LTCF’s have remained in place. The purposes of this study were to: a) determine the incidence of TB-positive chest x-rays in PILPS discharged to LTCFs after undergoing elective TKA surgery, and b) assess the cost (i.e., both financial and possible exposure to unnecessary radiation) of mandated chest x-rays before hospital discharge to LTCF for PILPs. METHODS Retrospective 2012-2017 patient chart data were collected from the Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative (MARCQI) to identify all elective TKAs for PILPs performed at two Ascension participating centers. Study data included sex, age, body mass index (BMI), length of stay, comorbidities, and chest x-ray results before discharge. Patients who underwent surgery for fracture, infection, trauma, or malignancy were excluded from the study. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used for continuous data. RESULTS The authors identified 4,041 total elective TKA’s, from which 500 PILPs were discharged to a LTCF due to functional, medical and/or social concerns. Chest x-rays were associated with 500 (100%) negative findings for TB. Overall hospital costs for chest x-rays for patient’s being discharged to an extended care facility totaled $90,848. CONCLUSIONS The mandated use of chest x-rays for TB screening of PILPs undergoing elective surgery TKA prior to discharge to LTCFs appear to place an unnecessary financial burden on the healthcare system. The mandatory use of x-rays for assessment of possible TB infection before transfer to LTCFs appears to also expose PILPs unnecessarily to radiation. Although further studies are needed to verify these results, the authors recommend that perhaps instead chest x-rays should be reserved for patients with specific comorbidities (e.g., patients on immunosuppressive therapy, with HIV, etc.) or for those patients residing in LTCFs prior to surgery.
Global distribution and variability of subsurface chlorophyll a concentrations
Authors: Yasunaka Sayaka , Ono Tsuneo , Sasaoka Kosei , Sato Kanako 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) often exhibits a maximum
concentration in the subsurface layer rather that at the surface. The depth
of the Chl a maximum primarily depends on the balance between light
penetration from the surface and the nutrient supply from the deep ocean.
However, a global map of subsurface Chl a concentrations based on
observations has not been presented yet. In this study, we integrate Chl a
concentration data from recent biogeochemical floats and
historical ship-based (and other) observations and present global maps of
subsurface Chl a concentrations with related variables. The subsurface Chl a
maximum was observed globally throughout the oceans: at depths greater than
80 m in the subtropics and tropics (30∘ S to 30∘ N); in
the 40–80 m depth range in the tropics, in the Southern Ocean (south of
40∘ S), and at the midlatitudes (30–40∘ N/S) in the
North Pacific; and at depths of less than 40 m in the northern subarctic
(north of 40∘ N). The observed maxima all lie below the mixed-layer depth for the entire year in the subtropics and tropics and during
summer in the midlatitudes and the northern subarctic. The depths of the
subsurface Chl a maxima are greater than those of the photosynthetically
active layer in the subtropics but shallower in the tropics and
midlatitudes. In the subtropics, a seasonal increase in oxygen below the
mixed layer implies substantial new biological production, which corresponds
to 10 % of the net primary production in that region. During El Niño,
subsurface Chl a concentrations are higher in the middle and eastern
equatorial Pacific but lower to the west in comparison with La Niña, a
pattern which is opposite to that on the surface. The spatiotemporal
variability of the Chl a concentrations described here has implications to
not only for the biogeochemical cycling in the ocean but also for
understanding the thermal structure and dynamics of the ocean via absorption
of shortwave radiation.
Beyond the Fence: A Farmed Animal Rights Manifesto for Film
Authors: Finn Stephen Marcus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Film has not always been kind to farmed animals, maltreatment ranging from horrendous cruelty to anthropomorphization and training under duress. Admittedly, many fine documentaries have been made on maltreatment, but many of these tend to see farmed animals as a mass, with deindividuation leading to a psychic numbing in those watching. In contrast, narrative films on this theme generally have the farmed animal protagonists as human-like in being able to converse in the language of the people around them and generally with happily-ever-after endings, subverting the reality for most farmed animals. Writers on animal rights generally neglect film as a medium and its relationship to farmed animals. This article sets out a farmed animal rights manifesto (FARM) for film, aimed at overcoming these problems in insisting on ethical treatment in all ways.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF LEADERSHIP STYLE OF THE HEAD OF THE ROOM WITH NURSE'S WORK MOTIVATION IN THE TREATMENT ROOM
Authors: Nurfadillah Nurfadillah 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the relationship between the leadership style of the head of the room with the work motivation of nurses in the treatment room of the Sheikh Yusuf Hospital Kab. This research was conducted at the Regional General Hospital of Sheikh Yusuf Gowa. The population in this study were all nurses who served in the surgical, internal and pediatric care rooms at Syekh Yusuf Gowa Hospital. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the leadership style used by the head of the room is democratic and the work motivation of nurses is high. It is recommended for the Sheikh Yusuf hospital that the heads of the treatment rooms can apply a democratic leadership style to get high work motivation for nurses.
Middle atmosphere dynamics and monsoon variability
Authors: MUKHERJEE B. K. 
Published: February 2022

Some dynamical parameters of the middle atmosphere such as quasi-biennial oscillation in the low-latitude stratospheric zonal winds, interannual variability of the high-latitude middle atmosphere and vertical motions in the tropical middle atmosphere are studied to examine their roles in determining the variability of rainfall over India during the summer monsoon season. It is believed that the amount of sulphurous gases released in the stratosphere from the great volcanic eruptions modifies in the climate (rainfall). An attempt has also been made in this paper to present the work done so far in this direction.
Intraseasonal monsoon fluctuations seen through 25 years of Indian radiosonde observations
Authors: AHLQUIST JON , MEHTA VIKRAM , DEVANAS ANDREW , CONDO THOMAS 
Published: February 2022

Radiosonde records for 12, major Indian cities have been checked and analyzed for intraseasonal set type sonal activity in the monsoon, After forming time series with two observation per day removing bad values, and filling data gaps with linear interpolation, the time series have been plotted with and without filtering and have been subjected to spectral analysis to reveal the nature of intraseasonal fluctuations and their interannual variability. Spectra were estimated from the time, series using the maximum entropy method (MEM) which fits an autoregresslve; (AR) model to the time series. M.EM spectra bases on tenth order AR models show that most of the variance In monsoon weather comes from intra seasonal activity with periods longer than 10 days, but do not show separate peaks at 10.20 and/or 30-50 day time scales for the majority of summers.
Poleward propagations of the ITCZ : Observations and theory
Authors: GADGIL SULOCHANA 
Published: February 2022

Many features of the intra seasonal variation of the ITCZ over the Indian longitudes in the summer monsoon including poleward propagations emanating from oceanic regions and traversing both ocean and land to culminate in the seasonal trough have been simulated by a modified Version of the Webster model. The mechanism underlying the propagations in the model involves excess convective heating to the polewald side of the convergence zone relative to the equator ward zone and can operate on land or sea: This differential arises in the model from the seasonal gradient of the convective Instability and moisture availability and hence the Intensity factor of convective heating which is the product of the two factors. If the ratio of the convective heating to the vertical ascent In reality also depends on these two factors, the observed propagations could be generated by the same mechanism.
Observed variability in the thermal response of the upper North central Arabian Sea to the forcing of onset Vortex during summer monsoon experiments
Authors: RAO R. R. 
Published: February 2022

Temperature data collected in the upper layers of the central Arabian Sea before and after the onset of the summer monsoon during the three monsoon experiments ISMEX-73 (1973), MONSOON-77 (1977) and MONEX-79 (1979) from stationary ships are made use of to document the observed variability in the upper ocean thermal structure with the onset of the monsoon. Cooling and deepening of the mixed layer and warming below the layer were found to be of unequal magnitudes under the influence of onset vortex during these three years. Similar differences were also noticed in the profiles of vertical thermal gradient. Absence of a secondary maximum in the vertical thermal gradient during 1973 suggests a weak summer monsoonal forcing during 1972, which was viewed as a global drought year. Large differences were noticed in the changes of accumulative heat content between 1973 and 1979 which were good and bad monsoon years respectively.
Correlation analysis between the sunspots and the Nile flood
Authors: SHALTOUT M. A. MOSALLAM , TADROS M. T. Y. 
Published: February 2022

The analysis of the cross-relation between the time series of the annual mean value of sunspot number Rz with:

(a) The annual value of the maximum Nile flood for the period (1748-1914),

(b) The annual value of the difference of the old water and maximum Nile flood for the same period are carried out.

Also, the direct and the cross-correlation between the annual mean value of Rz with the following have been done:

(a) The annual value of rainfall in mm of Addis Ababa at Ethiopian high lands for the period (1900-1959),

(b) The annual value of the discharge of Albert lake (one of the white Nile sources) for the period (1904-1957), and

The annual value of the Nile discharge at Aswan (in Egypt) in 109 m3, for the period (1870-1960). The results indicate that the direct correlation coefficients are weak. But the cross-correlation show close to the eleven-year cycle of the sunspots.