bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Treatments to Control the Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Larva on Collards, 1977
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Votes’ collards were direct seeded in 3-ft rows on June 13, 1977, and thinned to 10-inch spacing 1 month later. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single, 30-ft-long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied with a trailermounted Hudson Porta Power Sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/acre at ca. 250 psi, using 6 Myerj Fembro nozzles #6251A (#2 discs) per row. Two nozzles were placed directly over the center of the row and 4 nozzles, 2 spaced about 8 inches apart on droplines on each side of the row, directed inward. Applications were made on August 4, 11, and 20. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of loopers or diamondback larvae per 10 col lard plants or by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional feeding - necessary to look very close toseeevidence of injury; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of leaves severely damaged; 3) Heavy feeding on 25% of foliage; 4) Intense feeding on 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of the foliage severely injured - plants nearly defoliated.
Sweet Corn, Lesser Cornstalk Borer Control, 1977
Authors: All J. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Funks G80’ was planted June 20, 1977, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee County. Soil type was Appling sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2-row plots x 20 ft long x 38-inch row width x 2-ft alleys with 5 replicates. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied at planting time either in the seed furrow (ca. 0.25 inches above seed) or in a 7-inch band over the seed furrow and incorporated ca. 0.25 inches in the soil. All plants were examined in the 6-leaf stage for lesser cornstalk borer damage.
Sweet Corn, First Brood European Corn Borer Control, 1977
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of ’Senica Star’sweet com planted April 16, 1977, on the Hugh Tuttle Farm, Dover, New Hampshire, was utilized. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft row, and each treatment was replicated 4 times arranged in a Latin square design. Granular treatments were apllied as a single application at whorl stage (18-20 inches tall) using a Gandy plot applicator which directed the granuals over the whorls. Spray treatments were applied to the whorls either 1, 2, or 3 times starting at whorl stage and extending into pretassel stage. Applications were made using a 1-gallon B&G CO2-pressurized sprayer at 40 psi and a volume of 26 gallons/acre. Evaluations were made on July 28, 1977, by examining all the stalks and ears in each treatmentand determining the percentage injured by the first brood European corn borer larvae.
European Corn Borer First Brood Control Study, 1976
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. , Bams John R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Musacchio Farm, Canastota, New York, to determine the effectiveness of foliar applied granular insecticides directed into the whorls and tassels of sweet corn at early green tasseling in controlling first brood European corn borer. Sweet corn of the variety ‘Butter and Sugar’ was planted May 19, 1976, in large randomized blocks (2 acres) with 3 replications of 4 rows (12 x 100 ft) and 30-inch row spacing. Sixty pounts of Nitrogen/acre in corn starter fertilizer was used at planting along with Atrazine + Bladex preemergence at 1 + 2 lb ai/A. At EGT on July 1, 1976, treatments were applied by hand using a cyclone granular spreader seeder to treat two rows at a time. G ranular materials were broadcast over tops, tassels, and whorl leaves of plants to direct granules into the whorl. Tassels were at EGT and visible but were still partially encased in the whorl leaves. Penncap-M was also sprayed on the remainder of the plot area July 2, 1976, at 0.5 lb ai/A at 40 gpa. At application time very young ECB larvae were present and beginning to bore into tassels; pin hole feeding was evident on many leaves.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, 1977
Authors: Waites Robert E. , Gouger Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
’Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted with a 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows on March 23, 1977, at the IFAS, Horticultural Unit, Gainesville. Treatment plots were replicated four times and arranged in a complete randomized block design. Each plot consisted of four 40-ft-longrows with two unplanted rows adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied with a tractormounted, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 50 gal/acre at 60 psi, using Spraying Systems Teejet Disc Type Cone Spray Tips D4-25. Nozzle arrangement was one over the row and one each side the row. Treatments were initiated at first silk on May 23 and continued on May 24, 27, 30, June 3, 7, 10, and 13, a total of 8 treatments. Twentyfive ears were harvested from the two center rows of each replicate and checked for earworms on June 14.
Mortality Effected by Pesticide Residues on Peas, Summer 1977
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The peas were planted in 5x20-ft, 8-row beds with 7-inch interrow spacing. The treatments were applied to the beds on June 17, about 14 days before harvest, by using a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD 1520 tractor traveling at 2.75 mph. An air pressure of 60 psi forced 80 gpm through D2-25 TEEJET nozzles mounted 11 inches apart on the spray boom. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage. There were 3 replicates of each treatment. Immediately after treatment and 2, 4, 6, and 8 days later, bouquets were prepared from foliage selected at random from the middle of each bed. Each bouquet, consisting of five 12-inch-long plant terminals, was placed into a 1/2-gal polyethylene container together with 5 each of second- and fourth-stage larvae. Then the containers were closed with a piece of cheesecloth and held in the greenhouse in natural light and at temperatures of 65-75°F. The larvae in each container were examined every day for 5 days to determine both mortality and feeding damage.
Southernpeas, Leafminer Control, 1977
Authors: McFadden Thomas L. , Creighton Charlie S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two cultivars of southempeas were planted with a tractor-mounted Planet Jr. in 50-ft rows on 36-inch centers on May 19, 1977, at the Clemson Truck Crop Experiment Station. Soil type was Bladen sandy loam; adequate irrigation was applied. The treatments were arranged in randomized block design (4 replications). Each test plot consisted of a single row of peas. Insecticides were applied in 50 gallons of water per acre (40 psi) with hand-operated compressed-air knapsack sprayers. Twenty-five leaf samples were collected at random from each test plot, brought into the laboratory, and placed in 16-oz waxed cups. After the larva emerged and pupated, the number of pupae was counted and recorded. Two tests were run. In Test 1 insecticides were applied to ‘Blackeye’ on July 1 and 7; leaf samples were collected on July 7, 14, and 22; and the number of pupae were counted on July 18, 21, and 29. In Test 2 insecticides were applied to ‘Colossus’ on June 30 and July 7; leaf samples were collected on July 8, 14, and 22; and the number of pupae was counted on July 17, 20, and 27.
Control of Soil Insects in Peppermint, 1977
Authors: Berry Ralph E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots (15 x 50 ft), replicated 3 times, were used to evaluate postharvest treat-ments with Furadan, Lorsban, and Vydate to control strawberry root weevil larvae (location 1) and F. fumalis (a root borer) (location 2). Three sq ft soil samples, 2 inches deep, were taken from each replicate prior to treatment and 7 and 14 days following treatment, and larvae extracted with Berlese funnels within 48 hours. Treatments were applied at both locations with a CO2 sprayer equipped with a hand-held boom fitted with T-jet 8003 flat fan nozzles calibrated to deliver 18gal/A at 30 psi. Plots were irrigated with overhead sprinklers for ca. 6 hours following treatment.
Comparison of Soil Treatments for Control of

M

.

Persicae

and

L

.

Decemlineata

. 1976
Authors: Powell D. M. , Mondor W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On April 16, 1976, ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted in open furrows inRitzville silt loam soil at Yakima, Washington. The granular insecticides were dribbled through a hand-operated, funnel-type applicator in the furrow over the potato seed pieces; in another series of plots the sprays of insecticide wettable powders were applied in 20 gallons of spray per acre (30.5 liters/ha) in the furrow over potato seed pieces with an experimental CO2 sprayer. After the furrow treatments, the seed pieces were covered with soil. On June 1, when about 75% of the plants had emerged, in another series of plots, granular insecticides were sidedressed with a tractor-mounted Gandyapplicator in 1-inch (2.5-cm)bands, 4inches (10.1 cm) to each side and about the same depth of the potato seed pieces. The plots were 2 rows wide, 34 inches (0.86 m) apart,and50ft (15.2 m) long and replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design.
Potato Pest Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1977
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Cancelado Rafael E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were p lanted May 18 at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Plots were 6 rows, 60 ft long, in randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. The soil was a Waukegan silt loam with medium organic matter. Fungicide was applied weekly from June 13. The systemic insecticides were applied as in-furrow, split-band treatments at planting. No insecticidal sprays were applied. Nymphs of the potato leaf-hopper and apterae of the green peach aphid and the potato aphid were counted from 35 midplant leaves from the center 2 rows of each plot. Counts were made at 2-week intervals starting June 29.
Irish Potato, European Corn Borer Control, 1975
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Pungo’ Irish potatoes were planted on March 10, 1975, in single-row plots 100 ft long at the Tidewater Research Station, Plymouth, North Carolina. Plots were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The five granular insecticides were applied adjacent to the sod pieces at planting using a shaker jar. The 12 foliar treat-ments were sprayed on May 6, 20, and 28. Insecticides were applied with a 2.5-gallon, CO2-pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40psi with a single hollow-cone nozzle. Replications I and II were accidentally sprayed with a tractor-mounted sprayer containing 2.0 lb of Sevin 50WP on May 2, 1975. European corn borer counts and canopy ratings (% damaged stems) were made on May 28 and June 10. Yields were taken from eight plants per plot on June 25. Twenty feet of row per plot were harvested and mechanically graded on June 26.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle and Green Peach Aphid with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1977
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Bishop Guy W. , Sandvol Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted April 19, 1977, at Kimberly, Idaho, in clay loam soil. Granular insecticides were applied at planting and banded on both sides of and 1 to 2 inches below the seed piece. Irrigation was applied by solid set sprinklers. All materials were replicated in 30-ft-long, 4-row plots, 34-inch row spacing, in a randomized complete block design. Three rates of Temik were side-dressed 51 days after planting to complete the test plots. Natural populations of Colorado potato beetles were recorded by walking through the center two plot rows and counting the number of larvae and adults observed. Counts were made 84, 90, 98, and 110 days after planting. Green peach aphids were released into the plots in June and allowed to reproduce. Aphid counts were made 84, 90, and 98 days after planting on 25 compound leaves per plot. Yields were taken by harvesting 20 ft of the center two plot rows.
Apple, Oystershell Scale Control, 1978
Authors: Forsythe H. Y. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to 17-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays with a hand gun from a hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi and at ca. 400 gal/acre. Spray dates were June 2 (petal fall), June 9 (first cover), and 14 (second cover); each insecticide was applied on all 3 dates because of excessive rainfall in early June. The standard pesticide program (rates are per 100 gal) through July consisted of Phygon 50W (.25 lb) on 2 dates in early May; Polyram 90W (2 lb) and Marlate 50W 3 lb) on June 1; captan 80W (1.25 lb) on 6 dates; Solubor (.5 lb) on May 18 and (1 lb) on June 7; Epsom salts (15 lb) and Marlate 50W 3 lb) on June 7 and 20; Amid-Thin 8.4W (35 ppm) on June 16; Imidan 50W (1.25 lb) on July 5 and 17; and Thiodan 50W (5 lb) on July 11 and 17. There were no tank-mixtures of test insecticides with other pesticides. There were 4 single-tree replications per treatment. A randomized, complete-block design was utilized with 2 Mcintosh and 2 Golden Delicious cultivars per treatment. On August 14-16 a count was made of all scales found on the 1978 vegetative growth of 10 terminals per tree; only those terminals which bore scales of 1977 growth were examined. European red mites were counted on 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. The leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20-alcohol mixture; the mites were counted the same day. Mite populations were somewhat vigorous in this orchard in late July. There were frequent and heavy rains in early June.
Control of Wireworm on Sweet Potatoes, 1974
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘California’ sweet potato sprouts were planted on May 20‘74 in 3 row plots (32 inch row spacing) 40 feet in length. Plant population was approximately 14,000 plants/A. The treatments were arranged in a random-ized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All granular materials were applied broadcast with a PCB spreader Model B. The spray treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer (25 gal water/A at 40 psi). Preplant treatments were applied May 16 and were incorporated 3-5 inches into the soil with a single discing. Soil temperature at the 4 inch depth at the time of preplant application was 21°C. Post plant treatments were applied over the foliage Jul 24, when the roots began to enlarge. Yield data were taken from 3 sections of row, 30 feet in length. At harvest time, 100 roots/treatment/replication were selected at random and examined for wireworm injury.
Tomatoes: Control of Fruitworms, Defoliators, and Leafminers, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes were transplanted Apr 25‘77. Plots were 1-row (6-ft spacing), 25-ft long and replicated 4x in randomized complete blocks. Soil was a loamy sand. Beginning at blossoming, plots were sprayed by hand with a 1-nozzle sprayer, 30 psi, 50 gal/acre for the 1st 3 applications and 100 gal/acre for the last 3. Spray dates were May 29, Jun 4, 10, 17, 28 and Jul 6. Immature fruit infested with fruitworm were removed as they occurred. Mature fruit was harvested from 2 vines/plot and examined for fruitworm damage. Five plants/plot were examined Jun 30 for cabbage looper defoliation and vegetable leafminer injury.
Tomatoes: Effect of Systemic Insecticides - Potting Soil Mix on Germination in the Greenhouse, 1977
Authors: Chalfant R. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomato seed was combined with Jiffy Mix potting soil at the rate of 1 gm seed/200 gms dry mix. Insecticides were then blended in using a contrarotating mixer for 10 min. One-fourth cup of treated mix was placed in 8 oz wax cups, watered uniformly and examined for germination and phytotoxicity.
Tomato Insect Control, 1977
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A.n 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Stakeless’ tomatoes were transplanted into single-row plots 25 ft long on 48" centers with 3-ft alleys between blocks on May 11 near Benson, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied weekly beginning Jul 20 and ending Aug 17 for a total of 5 applications. Maneb fungicide was applied at all spray dates. All sprays were applied at the rate of 100 gallons per acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a hollow-cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. All red fruit was examined for fruitworm damage before each spray. Whitefly infestation ratings were mode on 3 plants/plot on Aug 19.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Tomatoes, 1978
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Dec 20‘77 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to 1 plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15-ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and drip irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly (except the 3.0 lb rate of UC 21865 which was applied preplant in a 1 ft wide band and worked in to the upper 4 in of soil) from Jan 11 to Apr 19 for a total of 15 applications. They were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi, and in 100 gal of water per acre. On Apr 25 the number of tomato pinworm larvae per leaf were counted on 10 randomly selected leaves (fourth fully expanded leaf from growing terminal) per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit was harvested and weighed on Apr 28. The percent tomato pinworm and tomato fruitworm damaged fruit was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot on Apr 28. H.zea is not normally a pest of tomatoes in S. Fla., but was abundant in the late spring of 1978. The tomato pinworm population build-up started some 2 months later than normal, and the vegetable leafminer was never abundant enough for meaningful counts to be taken. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to separate treatment means.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Third Cutting Alfalfa, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A five year old stand of alfalfa (3rd cutting) Saranac AR was used for the test. Alfalfa was 8 to 10 inches tall at time of treatment. Treatment plots were 20 ft x 20 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Precounts and treatments were made on Aug 10‘77 when nymph counts in checks averaged 150/10 pendular sweeps (15 inch net) per plot. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack ” CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gpa at 40 psi. Post treatment counts were made on Aug 16‘77 and Aug 26‘77. Hopper damage was light and the alfalfa in full bloom at the time of sampling.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1978
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on the A. W. Benton Farm, Spring Mills, Centre County. Insecticide sprays were applied May 26 to 20 x 20 ft plots in a randomized complete block design with untreated check in 4 replications. Spray con-centrations were applied in 30 gallons of water per acre at 50 psi with a small plot boom type sprayer. Alfalfa weevil densities were estimated from 5 - 180° sweep samples taken randomly across each plot with a 15 in diameter, heavy duty insect net. The sweep arc was maintained approximately 18 in from the sweepers feet. All sweep samples were taken by the same person. Weevil densities were evaluated 5,7,14 and 21 days post treatment. Alfalfa yield was determined from 2 - 3 x 20 ft samples taken per plot on June 16.
Armyworm Control in Barsoy Barley, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven insecticides were tested to determine their efficacy in true armyworm control. Barley at time of treatment, May 23‘77 was mature and head clipping by armyworms averaged 2% in all plots. Armyworm larvae were mature. Treatment plots were 10 ft x 10 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Precounts and treatments were made on May 23‘77 and armyworms averaged 10/3 ft of row in all plots. Sprays were applied with a “back-pack” hand held CO2 pressure sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi. Post treatment counts were taken May 25‘77. Two random 3 ft of row counts were made between and within two adjacent barley rows and the number of larvae recorded.
Field Corn, Blackfaced Leafhopper and Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Disease Control, 1978
Authors: All J. N. , Alverson D. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dekalb 1214 was planted on May 11 near Godfrey, Ga. and on May 30 near Calhoun, Ga. Soil type was sandy-clay-loam at both locations. Two 0.5 acre blocks were planted in each location with a 36 and 38-inch row width at Godfrey and Calhoun, respectively. Furadan 10G was applied in the seed furrow at 0.15 lb ai/1000 ft row in one block and the other block was the untreated check. Six rows x 100 ft were sampled for blackfaced leafhopper populations with a D-Vac vacuum collector on June 13, 19, and 23 at Godfrey and on June 21, July 7, and 20 at Calhoun. All plants in center 100 ft of5 rows were examined for symptoms of maize chlorotic dwarf on July 19 at Godfrey and Aug 25 at Calhoun. Grain (15% moisture) was harvested in 6 x 100 ft rows in the middle of plots on Sept 6 and 19 at Godfrey and Calhoun, respectively.
Field Corn, European Corn Borer Control, 1978
Authors: Witkowski J. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for first brood corn borer control were applied to overhead irrigated corn plots in Antelope County, Nebraska in June, 1978. Insecticides were applied on June 29 with a specially modified Hahn Hi-boy. Liquid insecticides were applied with 9.67 gal of water/acre at 3 mph at 21 psi. Each single row plot was 100 feet long. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. In late July, 10 corn plants from each treatment replicate were split in half from the tassel to the ground, examined, and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Efficacy of Chemicals for Control of Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm, 1978
Authors: Pieters Edward P. , Pitts Daniel L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stoneville 213 variety was planted on May 17‘78 at the Plant Science Farm of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State, MS. Plots 8 rows wide by 90 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Insecticides were applied to the center 4 rows of each plot at the rate of 5 gallons of mixture per acre, 3 mph, 40 psi and 3 nozzles per row. Applications for Heliothis spp. control were made 13 times on a 4 to 5 day schedule from July 19 to September 21‘78. Azinphosmethyl was applied to all plots at 0.25 lb ai/acre 8 times as needed from July 27 to September 25‘78 to control boll weevils, Anthonomusgrandis Boheman. Aldi-carb was applied to all plots at 2 lb ai/acre on June 14 to reduce beneficial arthropods and aggravate a Heliothis spp. outbreak. Plots were examined weekly for Heliothis spp. damage by randomly selecting 25 squares from all parts of the plants along the center 2 rows. The tobacco budworm constituted 54% and 100% of the population on August 16 and September 6, respectively. Yields were estimated by machine picking the center 2 rows on October 10 and 20‘78.