bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of Covid-19 according to Pneumonia Types
Authors: Onur Bayrakçi 
Published: February 2022

Background: Pneumonia is defined infection affecting lower respiratory tracts and lung parenchyma. According to morphology in pneumonia imaging; categorized as lobar, bronchopneumonia (lobular), and interstitial pneumonia. Covid 19 is a severe disease that causes lung damage.
Aims: In this study, it was aimed to relate patients hospitalized in Covid 19 wards with prognosis and mortality according to pneumonia types.
Study Design: This study was done between 1 August and 30 September 2021 in Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital Covid Wards. The patients were examined retrospectively.
Methodology: The study included with positive PCR test, 18 age and more than, with lung involvoment in CT. Patients' age, gender, pneumonia types according to CT, how many lobes affected in the lung, rate of involvement of each lobe, admission in Intensive-care and mortality were analyzed. Chi Square Test was used in the statistical analysis of the data.
Results: A total of 243 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 56.7±2.02. In the patients 45.6% were male and 54.4% female (±0.06). 76.5% of the patients had a history of chronic disease (most often hypertension). According to the types of pneumonia in CT; it was 51.8% lobular, 44.8% interstitial and 3.4% lobar. In CT, it were affect five lobes 68.7%, four lobes 10.6%, three lobes 9%, two lobes 3.7%, and one lobe 8% in the lung. In the study, 20.9% of the patients were admitted to the Intensive-care unit and 11.5% died.
Conclusion: In patients hospitalized in wards; Covid-19 is more often in females. Although it is more often in the 40-60 ages, the 20-40 ages range is related with intensive care admission. A history of chronic disease is related with a poor prognosis. More than 50% involvement of 2 lobes in lobar pneumonia, 3 lobes in lobular pneumonia and only 1 lobe in interstitial pneumonia is related with intensive care. Interstitial pneumonia is related with a poor prognosis according to pneumonia types in Covid-19.
Study of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Shear-wave Elastoraphy in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kasireddy Shivamsh R. , Patil Virendra C. , Damle Avanti J. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is well known to have a strong association with metabolic syndrome. The degree of liver fibrosis is related to the clinical course and prognosis. Shear-wave elastography (SWE) provides a precise non-invasive staging of the degree of liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
Aims and objectives: To study Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by Shear-Wave Elastography (SWE) in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Material and methods: This was a single centre, retrospective, comparative study done on patients with MetS in 100 in a tertiary care hospital over period of 18 months from October 2019 to March 2021. Enrolled patients underwent conventional ultrasonography (USG), point SWE (pSWE), fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, glycosylated HbA1c, lipid profile, LFTs. Appropriate statistical tests were applied using SPSS v21 for analysis and p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age was 55.8 (SD±15.34). Majority belonged to age group 51-65 years (33%). Grade 3 fatty liver (steatosis) on USG had 3.39 times independently (OR:3.39,p=0.043) more chance of having significant fibrosis or cirrhosis(F3-F4) by SWE over those who do not have fatty liver (steatosis) on USG. Those with 4 components of MetS had 6 times (OR:6.04,p=0.003) and those with 5 components had 13.7 (OR:13.768,p=0.001) times more chance of having significant fibrosis or cirrhosis(F3-F4) by SWE over those who have 3 components independently.
Conclusion: Increasing number of components of MetS and steatosis (fatty liver grade) on USG were independently associated with higher grades of fibrosis by SWE.
Colposcopic Evaluation of Cervical Lesions with Swede Score and its Correlation with Histopathology
Authors: Sharma Chirag R. , Kshirsagar N. S. 
Published: February 2022

Background & Objectives: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer in India, with an estimated yearly diagnosis of 1, 23,907 women and 77,348 fatalities. The prevalence of cervical cancer remains high in poorer nations owing to budget constraints and a lack of access to healthcare. By evaluating cervical lesions colposcopically, this study sought to determine the validity of the Swede score.
Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study lasted two years, from July 2019 to July 2021, at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad. 162 women who met the selection criteria underwent colposcopy after informed consent. The suspicious site was biopsied and submitted for histopathology. The Swede score was subsequently validated using histopathology.
Results: With a Swede score of 5 as the cut-off, 108 (97.30 %) of 111 patients with a score of <5 had a normal or low-grade lesion, while just 3 (2.70 %) had high grade lesion. 51 patients with a score greater than 5, 15 (12.20%) had a low-grade lesion and 36 (92.30%) had high-grade lesion.
Using the Swede score of 8 as a cut-off, 123 (87.90%) of 140 patients had a normal or low-grade lesion, whereas 17 (12.1%) had a high-grade lesion. There were high grade lesions in all 22 patients with score of >8.
Interpretation & Conclusions: The test group at Swede score cut-off 5 exhibited a sensitivity of 92.31 % and a specificity of 87.80 % to the gold standard of histopathology. Comparing the test group's Swede score at cut-off 8 to histopathology yielded a sensitivity of 56.41% and specificity of 100%.
DNA as a Recyclable Natural Polymer
Authors: Liu Weina , Giaveri Simone , Ortiz Daniel , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNature has the ability of circularly re‐using its components to produce the molecules and materials it needs. An example is the ability of most living organisms of digesting proteins they feed off into amino acids and then using such amino acids in the ribosomal synthesis of new proteins. Recently, it has been shown that such recycling of proteins can be reproduced outside living organisms. The key proteins’ feature that allows for this type of recycling is their being sequence‐defined polymers. Arguably, nature's most famous sequence‐defined polymer is DNA. Here it is shown that it is possible, starting from sheared calf‐DNA, to obtain all four nucleotides as monophosphate‐nucleotides (dNMPs). These dNMPs are phosphorylated in a one‐pot, multi‐enzymes, phosphorylation reaction to generate triphosphate‐nucleotides (dNTPs). Finally, dNTPs so achieved (with a global yield of ∼60%) are used as reagents for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to produce target DNA strands, and for the diagnosis of targeted DNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR). This approach is an efficient, convenient, and environmentally friendly way to produce dNTPs and DNA through recycling according to the paradigm of a circular economy.
XERUS: An Open‐Source Tool for Quick XRD Phase Identification and Refinement Automation
Authors: Baptista de Castro Pedro , Terashima Kensei , Esparza Echevarria Miren Garbine , Takeya Hiroyuki , Takano Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnalysis of X‐ray diffraction patterns is one of the keystones of materials science and materials research. With the advancement of data‐driven methods for materials design, candidate materials can be quickly screened for the study of a desired physical property. Efficient methods to automatically analyze and identify phases present in a given pattern are paramount for the success of this new paradigm. To aid this process, the open‐source python package Xray Estimation and Refinement Using Similarity (XERUS) for semi‐automatic/automatic phase identification is presented. XERUS takes advantage of open crystal structure databases, not relying on proprietary databases, to obtain crystal structures on the fly, being then chemical space agnostic. By wrapping around GSASII scriptable, it can automatically simulate patterns and calculate similarity measures used for phase identification. This approach is simple and quick but also applicable to multiphase identification, by coupling the similarity calculations with quick refinements followed by an iterative peak removal process. XERUS is shown in action in four different experimental datasets, and also it is benchmarked against a recently proposed deep learning method for a mixture dataset covering the Li‐Mn‐O‐F chemical space.
In‐situ curing of3Dprinted freestanding thermosets
Authors: Gao Chongjie , Qiu Jingjing , Wang Shiren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDirect‐ink‐writing (DIW) provides a high‐efficiency way for thermoset printing while rapid in‐situ curing has a significant role in manufacturing rate, quality, performance, and flexibility. In this review, in‐situ curing methods that can be integrated into DIW were discussed, including frontal polymerization, electromagnetic heating, photochemistry, electron beam, and resistance heating curing. The in‐situ process monitoring and curing kinetic analysis technologies such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS), ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA), fluorescence spectroscopy, were briefly presented. The working mechanism and features of these characterization measurements are studied. Furthermore, machine learning and other artificial intelligence tools used for the optimization of printing materials, topology design, printing path, and defect detection sensitivity are reviewed. Finally, some future research directions for the DIW and in‐situ curing of thermosets are addressed.
The Stannum–Ene Reactions of Benzyne and Cyclohexyne with Superb Chemoselectivity for Cyclohexyne
Authors: Li Lianggui , Shan Chunhui , Shi Jiarong , Li Wensheng , Lan Yu , Li Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe stannum–ene reactions of both benzyne and cyclohexyne were realized, which is particularly suitable for cyclohexyne with a broad substrate scope and excellent chemoselectivity. Our DFT calculations via distortion/interaction analysis revealed that both stannum– and hydrogen–ene reactions with cyclohexyne have later transition states due to their higher distortion energies in the transition states than those in benzyne reactions, which lead to enhanced Pauli repulsion as the decisive factor in the interaction energy accompanied with enlarged energy gap between two types of ene reactions. Therefore, excellent chemoselectivity was disclosed in the cyclohexyne–ene reaction.
In silico analyses of the human sperm‐specific antigen 2 and its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Khowal Sapna , Wajid Saima 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOral cancer is a serious threat to humans worldwide. The frequently diagnosed form of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The major etiologies of OSCC are the chemical constituents/carcinogens found in tobacco, areca nut, and alcohol. The sperm‐specific antigen 2 (SSFA2) is a crucial human gene and encodes for a protein that communicates between InsP3Rs and the cytoskeleton, regulating the cellular molecular pathways. This study analyzed the role of SSFA2 in OSCC using a computational approach. First, the evolutionarily conserved attributes of human SSFA2 canonical protein (HSCP) were scrutinized, followed by its comparison with human SSFA2 noncanonical proteins (HSNCPs); in addition, the transcript variants encoding for HSCP and HSNCP were also analyzed for sequence disparities. Molecular docking (iGEMDOCK) was performed for predicting HSCP residues interacting with OSCC carcinogens and OSCC therapeutants. Further, the protein interactome of HSCP was analyzed using Cytoscape. >70% amino acids (AAs) in HSCP were evolutionarily conserved; the AAs in the N‐terminal and C‐terminal regions were more conserved than that in the middle region of the protein. The 12 transcript and protein variants encoded by the human SSFA2 showed substantial differences in their sequences. Additionally, the human SSFA2 protein variants showed disparities in their secondary and tertiary structures. Molecular docking showed favorable interaction of carcinogens and therapeutants with the N‐terminus, middle region, and C‐terminus residues of HSCP, highlighting its strong candidature as the therapeutic target in oral malignancy. The structure and protein interactome analyses of HSCP predicted its diverse functionalities in the cell environment. Also, the sequence and structure heterogeneity present between HSCP and HSNCPs implies their varying functional attributes/roles in normal and/or diseased physiologies.
Uptake and time‐dependent subcellular localization of native and micellar curcumin in intestinal cells
Authors: Flory Sandra , Benz Ann‐Kathrin , Frank Jan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUptake into intestinal cells and intracellular distribution into metabolically competent organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, are important processes potentially limiting the bioavailability of xenobiotics. The incorporation of curcumin into polysorbate 80 micelles improves its naturally low oral bioavailability in humans. Here, we investigated uptake and time‐dependent localization of curcumin in intestinal cells when administered as native or micellar formulation. Differentiated Caco‐2 cells were incubated with 200 μmol/L native or micellar curcumin for up to 180 min and cellular uptake was quantified. Intracellular curcumin was detected already after 30 min and did not differ significantly between formulations or over time. Subcellular localization of native and micellar curcumin in Caco‐2 cells was studied by density gradient centrifugation. After 30 min, curcumin from both formulations was mainly associated with mitochondria and lysosomes, after 180 min native curcumin was associated with mitochondria and peroxisomes, micellar curcumin with peroxisomes only. Uptake and localization of native and micellar curcumin in intestinal cells do not differ significantly and consequently do not explain differences in bioavailability in humans. The temporary co‐localization with lysosomes is in agreement with the previously proposed role of endocytosis in cellular uptake of curcumin and warrants further investigation.
Antioxidant Activities and Allelopathic Potential of Chonemorpha splendens Chun et Tsiang Stem Methanol Extract
Authors: Fu Jiantao , Zhao Xu , Wang Lanying , Zhang Yunfei , Luo Yanping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFinding agriculturally active compounds from nature or finding active lead compounds from natural products, artificial synthesis and structural modification are the main ways to create new agrochemical. In order to explore the agricultural activities of Chonemorpha splendens Chun et Tsiang (C. splendens), an important medicinal plant, the antioxidant activities and allelopathic potential were investigated. C. splendens was extracted with methanol, then, C. splendens methanol extract (CSME) were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. Reducing activity, lipid peroxidation, and the scavenging abilities for DPPH⋅, O2−., HO⋅, and H2O2 were also measured and allelopathic potentials were evaluated by bioassay method. GC/MS analysis revealed that esters were the main component (66.34 %) of CSME, the total CSME flavonoid content was 313 mg g−1 (rutin equivalent). The chloroform phase of CSME was identified as stigmasterol by NMR for the first time. The DPPH⋅ scavenging rate of CSME was 87 %, with an IC50 value of 0.12±0.02 mg mL−1, which was significantly difference from the positive control, Trolox. Chloroform fraction showed the strongest inhibitory effect against Mimosa pudica (MP) seed germination at 1.0 mg mL−1 (100 % inhibition), which was better than that of the chemical herbicide paraquat. In the seed growth experiment, systematic EC50 and the principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the allelopathic potential of extracts. The systematic EC50 values of Crotalaria pallida Ait. (CP), Bidens pilosa L. (BP) were significantly greater than MP. MP, Oryza sativa L. (OS) and Lactuca satiua L., (LS) inhibited all parameters. Our results would provide an idea for controlling weeds through allelopathy from C. splendens to reduce dependency on synthetic herbicides.
Diverse Triterpenoids from Mastic Produced by Pistacia lentiscus and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Yu Yi‐Hu , Feng Ya‐Ping , Liu Wei , Yuan Tao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEight undescribed triterpenoids (1–8), including one apotirucallane‐type triterpenoid (1), six tirucallane‐type triterpenoids (2–7), and one oleanane‐type triterpenoid (8), along with ten known compounds (9–18) were isolated from the resins of Pistacia lentiscus. Their structures were elucidated by integrating NMR spectroscopic analyses and ESI‐HR‐MS. Compounds 5, 11–17 exhibited moderate inhibitory abilities against NO production in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values in the range of 18.26–50.37 μM, compared to that of the positive control dexamethasone (IC50=20.24 μM).
Transcatheter mitral valve repair in patient with atrial functional mitral regurgitation using novel DragonFly™ device
Authors: Liu Xianbao , Chen Yuwen , Lim David Scott , Wang Jian'an 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report the first case of transcatheter mitral valve repair with the novel DragonFly™ device, a transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral regurgitation (MR) repair device, in a patient with severe, symptomatic MR due to annular dilation from atrial functional disease (Carpentier type I). The patient had experienced multiple heart failure events and was unsuitable for surgery due to pulmonary dysfunction and obesity.
Effect of proximal optimization technique on coronary bifurcation stent failure: Insights from the multicenter randomized PROPOT trial
Authors: Murasato Yoshinobu , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamawaki Masahiro , Kinoshita Yoshihisa , Okubo Munenori , Yumoto Kazuhiko , Masuda Naoki , Otake Hiromasa , Aoki Jiro , Nakazawa Gaku , Numasawa Yohei , Ito Tatsuya , Shite Junya , Okamura Takayuki , Takagi Kensuke , Kozuma Kayoko , Lefèvre Thierry , Chevalier Bernard , Louvard Yves , Suzuki Nobuaki , Kozuma Ken ,   PROPOT investigators
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the effect of proximal optimization technique (POT) on coronary bifurcation stent failure (BSF) in cross‐over stenting by comparing with the kissing balloon technique (KBT) in a multicenter randomized PROPOT trial.BackgroundPOT is recommended due to increased certainty for optimal stent expansion and side branch (SB) wiring.MethodsWe randomized 120 patients treated with crossover stenting into the POT group, which was followed by SB dilation (SBD), and the KBT group. Finally, 52 and 57 patients were analyzed by optical coherence tomography before SBD and at the final procedure, respectively. Composite BSF was defined as a maximal malapposition distance of >400 μm, or malapposed and SB‐jailed strut rates of >5.95% and >21.4%, respectively.ResultsComposite BSF before SBD in the POT and KBT groups was observed in 29% and 26% of patients, respectively. In the POT group, differences in stent volumetric index between the proximal and distal bifurcation (odds ratio [OR] 60.35, 95% confidential interval [CI] 0.13–0.93, p = 0.036) and between the proximal bifurcation and bifurcation core (OR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.01–13.40, p = 0.048) were identified as independent risk factors. Composite BSF at final in 27% and 32%, and unplanned additional procedures in 38% and 25% were observed, respectively. Composite BSF before SBD was a risk factor for the former (OR: 6.33, 95% CI: 1.10–36.50, p = 0.039) and the latter (OR: 6.43, 95% CI: 1.25–33.10, p = 0.026) in the POT group.ConclusionPOT did not result in a favorable trend in BSF. Insufficient expansion of the bifurcation core after POT was associated with BSF.
Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with left atrial enlargement undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Asami Masahiko , Dobner Stephan , Stortecky Stefan , Heg Dik , Praz Fabien , Lanz Jonas , Okuno Taishi , Tomii Daijiro , Reineke David , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased left ventricular afterload resulting from severe aortic stenosis (AS) leads to progressive cardiac remodeling. Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is an early manifestation in a series of maladaptive changes and may affect clinical outcomes after valvular replacement therapy. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of LAE on clinical outcomes in symptomatic patients with severe AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).MethodsIn a prospective single‐center TAVI registry, we analyzed LA dimensions measured by echocardiography before intervention. Patients with atrial fibrillation or concomitant mitral valve disease were excluded. LAE was defined as indexed LA volume >34 ml/m2. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular death (CVD) at 1 year.ResultsAmong 1663 patients undergoing TAVI between August 2007 and December 2016, 768 (46.2%) were eligible for the present analysis and 486 patients had LAE. The prevalence of LAE was higher in males (68.3%) as compared to females (58.8%). Patients with LAE were older (82.3 ± 6.7 years vs. 80.0 ± 6.4 years) and had a higher STS‐PROM score (6.1 ± 4.7% vs. 4.7 ± 2.9%). After adjustment, patients with LAE had an increased risk of CVD at 1‐year compared to patients with normal LA dimensions (49 [10.4%] vs. 8 [2.9%]; HRadj, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.66–7.44)]. In multivariable analysis, LAE was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD at 1‐year (HRadj, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.66–7.44).ConclusionsLAE secondary to AS was documented in a significant proportion of patients undergoing TAVI and was associated with a more than threefold increased risk of CVD at 1‐year.
Prospective multicenter study of the breakable babystent for treatment of aortic coarctation in newborns and infants
Authors: Stiller Brigitte , Zartner Peter , Dähnert Ingo , Haas Nikolaus A. , Schubert Stephan , Kanaan Majed , Berger Felix , Ewert Peter , Schmoor Claudia , Grohmann Jochen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo assess the efficacy and safety of a breakable BabyStent to treat complex aortic coarctation (CoA) in early childhood. Although recommended in several guidelines, there is no approved aortic stent for young infants, because of the dilemma between two mandatory requirements: expandable up to adult size on the one hand, and small enough to fit through a baby's femoral artery on the other. Prospective interventional, multi‐center clinical trial with the breakable Osypka BabyStent® (OBS). The OBS is a low‐profile, 15‐mm long cobalt‐chromium stent, pre‐mounted on a 6 mm balloon and inserted via a 4 Fr sheath. After implantation, its diameter is adjustable from 6 to 12 mm by balloon dilation. Further dilation opens predefined joints enabling unrestricted growth. Nineteen patients (9 male), median age 112 days (range: 7–539), median body weight 5.6 kg (range: 2.4–8.4) were deemed high risk and underwent stent implantation. Of those, 74% suffered from re‐CoA following surgery, 53% had additional cardiac and 21% noncardiac malformations. Our primary combined endpoint was fulfilled: All stents were implanted in the desired region, and a >50% intrastenotic diameter‐extension was achieved in 15 patients (78.9%, 80% confidence interval [62.2; 90.5], 95% confidence interval [54.4; 93.9]). Secondary endpoint confirmed that the OBS fits the baby's femoral vessel diameter. All children survived the procedure and 12‐month follow‐up. This stent enables percutaneous stenting of complex aortic coarctation to treat high‐risk newborns and infants.