bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock and fault rheology explain differences between on fault and distributed seismicity
Authors: Collettini C. , Barchi M. R. , De Paola N. , Trippetta F. , Tinti E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnalysis of seismicity can illuminate active fault zone structures but also deformation within large volumes of the seismogenic zone. For the Mw6.5 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence, seismicity not only localizes along the major structures hosting the mainshocks (on-fault seismicity), but also occurs within volumes of Triassic Evaporites, TE, composed of alternated anhydrites and dolostones. These volumes of distributed microseismicity show a different frequency-magnitude distribution than on-fault seismicity. We interpret that, during the sequence, shear strain-rate increase, and fluid overpressure promoted widespread ductile deformation within TE that light-up with distributed microseismicity. This interpretation is supported by field and laboratory observations showing that TE background ductile deformation is complex and dominated by distributed failure and folding of the anhydrites associated with boudinage hydro-fracturing and faulting of dolostones. Our results indicate that ductile crustal deformation can cause distributed microseismicity, which obeys to different scaling laws than on-fault seismicity occurring on structures characterized by elasto-frictional stick-slip behaviour.
Quantum and non-local effects offer over 40 dB noise resilience advantage towards quantum lidar
Authors: Blakey Phillip S. , Liu Han , Papangelakis Georgios , Zhang Yutian , Léger Zacharie M. , Iu Meng Lon , Helmy Amr S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNon-local effects have the potential to radically move forward quantum enhanced imaging to provide an advantage over classical imaging not only in laboratory environments but practical implementation. In this work, we demonstrate a 43dB higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) using a quantum enhanced LiDAR based on time-frequency entanglement compared with a classical phase-insensitive quantum imaging system. Our system can tolerate more than 3 orders of magnitude higher noise than classical single-photon counting quantum imaging systems before detector saturation with a detector dead time of 25ns. To achieve these advantages, we use non-local cancellation of dispersion to take advantage of the strong temporal correlations in photon pairs in spite of the orders of magnitude larger detector temporal uncertainty. We go on to incorporate this scheme with purpose-built scanning collection optics to image non-reflecting targets in an environment with noise.
High-throughput small molecule screen identifies inhibitors of microsporidia invasion and proliferation in C. elegans
Authors: Murareanu Brandon M. , Antao Noelle V. , Zhao Winnie , Dubuffet Aurore , El Alaoui Hicham , Knox Jessica , Ekiert Damian C. , Bhabha Gira , Roy Peter J. , Reinke Aaron W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicrosporidia are a diverse group of fungal-related obligate intracellular parasites that infect most animal phyla. Despite the emerging threat that microsporidia represent to humans and agricultural animals, few reliable treatment options exist. Here, we develop a high-throughput screening method for the identification of chemical inhibitors of microsporidia infection, using liquid cultures of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with the microsporidia species Nematocida parisii. We screen a collection of 2560 FDA-approved compounds and natural products, and identify 11 candidate microsporidia inhibitors. Five compounds prevent microsporidia infection by inhibiting spore firing, whereas one compound, dexrazoxane, slows infection progression. The compounds have in vitro activity against several other microsporidia species, including those known to infect humans. Together, our results highlight the effectiveness of C. elegans as a model host for drug discovery against intracellular pathogens, and provide a scalable high-throughput system for the identification and characterization of microsporidia inhibitors.
TraB family proteins are components of ER-mitochondrial contact sites and regulate ER-mitochondrial interactions and mitophagy
Authors: Li Chengyang , Duckney Patrick , Zhang Tong , Fu Yanshu , Li Xin , Kroon Johan , De Jaeger Geert , Cheng Yunjiang , Hussey Patrick J. , Wang Pengwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractER-mitochondrial contact sites (EMCSs) are important for mitochondrial function. Here, we have identified a EMCS complex, comprising a family of uncharacterised mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, TRB1, TRB2, and the ER protein, VAP27-1. In Arabidopsis, there are three TraB family isoforms and the trb1/trb2 double mutant exhibits abnormal mitochondrial morphology, strong starch accumulation, and impaired energy metabolism, indicating that these proteins are essential for normal mitochondrial function. Moreover, TRB1 and TRB2 proteins also interact with ATG8 in order to regulate mitochondrial degradation (mitophagy). The turnover of depolarised mitochondria is significantly reduced in both trb1/trb2 and VAP27 mutants (vap27-1,3,4,6) under mitochondrial stress conditions, with an increased population of dysfunctional mitochondria present in the cytoplasm. Consequently, plant recovery after stress is significantly perturbed, suggesting that TRB1-regulated mitophagy and ER-mitochondrial interaction are two closely related processes. Taken together, we ascribe a dual role to TraB family proteins which are component of the EMCS complex in eukaryotes, regulating both interaction of the mitochondria to the ER and mitophagy.
Graphdiyne oxide nanosheets display selective anti-leukemia efficacy against DNMT3A-mutant AML cells
Authors: Wang Qiwei , Liu Ying , Wang Hui , Jiang Penglei , Qian Wenchang , You Min , Han Yingli , Zeng Xin , Li Jinxin , Lu Huan , Jiang Lingli , Zhu Meng , Li Shilin , Huang Kang , Tang Mingmin , Wang Xinlian , Yan Liang , Xiong Zecheng , Shi Xinghua , Bai Ge , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang , Zhao Yuliang , Chen Chunying , Qian Pengxu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) is the most frequently mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although chemotherapy agents have improved outcomes for DNMT3A-mutant AML patients, there is still no targeted therapy highlighting the need for further study of how DNMT3A mutations affect AML phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that cell adhesion-related genes are predominantly enriched in DNMT3A-mutant AML cells and identify that graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) display an anti-leukemia effect specifically against these mutated cells. Mechanistically, GDYO directly interacts with integrin β2 (ITGB2) and c-type mannose receptor (MRC2), which facilitate the attachment and cellular uptake of GDYO. Furthermore, GDYO binds to actin and prevents actin polymerization, thus disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and eventually leading to cell apoptosis. Finally, we validate the in vivo safety and therapeutic potential of GDYO against DNMT3A-mutant AML cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GDYO is an efficient and specific drug candidate against DNMT3A-mutant AML.
A wheat resistosome defines common principles of immune receptor channels
Authors: Förderer Alexander , Li Ertong , Lawson Aaron W. , Deng Ya-nan , Sun Yue , Logemann Elke , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wen Jie , Han Zhifu , Chang Junbiao , Chen Yuhang , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Chai Jijie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) detect pathogen effectors to trigger immune responses1. Indirect recognition of a pathogen effector by the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis thaliana coiled-coil domain containing NLR (CNL) ZAR1 induces the formation of a large hetero-oligomeric protein complex, termed the ZAR1 resistosome, which functions as a calcium channel required for ZAR1-mediated immunity2–4. Whether the resistosome and channel activities are conserved among plant CNLs remains unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the wheat CNL Sr355 in complex with the effector AvrSr356 of the wheat stem rust pathogen. Direct effector binding to the leucine-rich repeats of Sr35 results in the formation of a pentameric Sr35–AvrSr35 complex, which we term the Sr35 resistosome. Wheat Sr35 and Arabidopsis ZAR1 resistosomes bear striking structural similarities, including an arginine cluster in the leucine-rich repeats domain not previously recognized as conserved, which co-occurs and forms intramolecular interactions with the 'EDVID' motif in the coiled-coil domain. Electrophysiological measurements show that the Sr35 resistosome exhibits non-selective cation channel activity. These structural insights allowed us to generate new variants of closely related wheat and barley orphan NLRs that recognize AvrSr35. Our data support the evolutionary conservation of CNL resistosomes in plants and demonstrate proof of principle for structure-based engineering of NLRs for crop improvement.
Comparative chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analyses of Chinese Polyspora
Authors: Fan Zhi-Feng , Ma Chang-Le 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolysporaSweet (Theaceae) are winter ornamental landscape plants native to southern and southeastern Asia, some of which have medicinal value. The chloroplast (cp) genome data ofPolysporaare scarce, and the gene evolution and interspecific relationship are still unclear. In this study, we sequenced and annotatedPolyspora chrysandracp genome and combined it with previously published genomes for other ChinesePolysporaspecies. The results showed that cp genomes of six ChinesePolysporavaried in length between 156,452 bp (P. chrysandra) and 157,066 bp (P. speciosa), but all contained 132 genes, with GC content of 37.3%, and highly similar genes distribution and codon usage. A total of eleven intergenic spacer regions were found having the highest levels of divergence, and eight divergence hotspots were identified as molecular markers for Phylogeography and genetic diversity studies inPolyspora. Gene selection pressure suggested that five genes were subjected to positive selection. Phylogenetic relationships amongPolysporaspecies based on the complete cp genomes were supported strongly, indicating that the cp genomes have the potential to be used as super barcodes for further analysis of the phylogeny of the entire genus. The cp genomes of ChinesePolysporaspecies will provide valuable information for species identification, molecular breeding and evolutionary analysis of genusPolyspora.
A long-term travel delay measurement study based on multi-modal human mobility data
Authors: Fang Zhihan , Wang Guang , Yang Yu , Zhang Fan , Wang Yang , Zhang Desheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding human mobility is of great significance for sustainable transportation planning. Long-term travel delay change is a key metric to measure human mobility evolution in cities. However, it is challenging to quantify the long-term travel delay because it happens in different modalities, e.g., subway, taxi, bus, and personal cars, with implicated coupling. More importantly, the data for long-term multi-modal delay modeling is challenging to obtain in practice. As a result, the existing travel delay measurements mainly focus on either single-modal system or short-term mobility patterns, which cannot reveal the long-term travel dynamics and the impact among multi-modal systems. In this paper, we perform a travel delay measurement study to quantify and understand long-term multi-modal travel delay. Our measurement study utilizes a 5-year dataset of 8 million residents from 2013 to 2017 including a subway system with 3 million daily passengers, a 15 thousand taxi system, a 10 thousand personal car system, and a 13 thousand bus system in the Chinese city Shenzhen. We share new observations as follows: (1) the aboveground system has a higher delay increase overall than that of the underground system but the increase of it is slow down; (2) the underground system infrastructure upgrades decreases the aboveground system travel delay increase in contrast to the increase the underground system travel delay caused by the aboveground system infrastructure upgrades; (3) the travel delays of the underground system decreases in the higher population region and during the peak hours.
Tunnel collapse risk assessment based on improved quantitative theory III and EW-AHP coupling weight
Authors: Li Li , Ni Bo , Zhang Shixin , Qiang Yue , Zhang Zhongxu , Zhou Ling , Liu Gang , Cheng Longfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is a multi-criteria decision issue to conduct a risk assessment of the tunnel. In this paper, a tunnel collapse risk assessment model based on the improved theory of quantification III and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed. According to the geological conditions and the construction disturbance classification method, the evaluation factors are selected, and the tunnel collapse risk level is divided into 5 levels according to the principle of maximum membership degree. The three groups of scores with the largest correlation ratio are calculated by the theory of quantification III to form the X, Y, and Z axes of the spatial coordinate system, The spatial distance of each evaluation factor is optimized by the Kendall correlation coefficient combined with the empirical formula, so that it can be used to judge the probability of the occurrence of the evaluation factor; taking the coupling of the objective entropy weight method (EW) and the subjective analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as the weight. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to determine the possibility classification of tunnel collapse. Taking the Ka-Shuang water diversion tunnel as a case study, the comparison between the evaluation results of 10 tunnel samples and the status quo of the actual engineering area verifies the reliability of the method.
ADRB2 expression predicts the clinical outcomes and is associated with immune cells infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ji Lingyun , Xu Fei , Zhang Jingtao , Song Ting , Chen Weida , Yin Xi , Wang Qingqing , Chen Xiubao , Li Xin , Guo Minghao , Chen Zetao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe gene encoding beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2), has been reported to closely associated with various cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains controversial. This research shed light on the prognostic value of ADRB2 in LUAD and further explored its association with immune cell infiltration. ADRB2 was significantly decreased in LUAD. ADRB2 expression in LUAD was significantly correlated with gender, smoking status, T classification, and pathologic stage. Patients in the low ADRB2 expression group presented with significantly poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results showed that ADRB2 participates in immune response. The expression of ADRB2 was positively correlated with the infiltration level of most immune cells. Notably, ADRB2 is involved in LUAD progression partly by regulating the immune microenvironment, which may potentially serve as a significant prognostic biomarker as well as a potential drug target.
Investigation of the competitive nature of eMBB and mMTC 5G services in conditions of limited communication resource
Authors: Kovtun Viacheslav , Grochla Krzysztof 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe main contribution of the investigation is the Markov model of the process of resource allocation management between subscribers of eMBB and mMTC services within the 5G cluster. The proposed model, considers the organization of the channel resource in the format of resource blocks. The presented model allows to estimate the average duration of IoT sessions, the average number of active multimedia/IoT sessions, the average number of channel resource units occupied by multimedia/IoT traffic, the average number of resource blocks occupied by multimedia/IoT traffic. The metrics are generalized by three management schemes of the investigated process: balanced, competitive and perspective. The first and third schemes enable static/dynamic distribution of channel resources into reserved and common segments for subscribers of eMBB and mMTC services. The proposed model is illustrated with an example showing how to assess the availability and efficiency of channel resource use of the 5G cluster of the cyber-physical system of the Situation Center of the Department of Information Technology of Vinnytsia City Council (Vinnytsia, Ukraine). The article also shows how to use the proposed model to select the 5G network parameters to keep the probabilities of rejection of multimedia and IoT requests below a set threshold.
PGC-1β maintains mitochondrial metabolism and restrains inflammatory gene expression
Authors: Guak Hannah , Sheldon Ryan D. , Beddows Ian , Vander Ark Alexandra , Weiland Matthew J. , Shen Hui , Jones Russell G. , St-Pierre Julie , Ma Eric H. , Krawczyk Connie M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMetabolic programming of the innate immune cells known as dendritic cells (DCs) changes in response to different stimuli, influencing their function. While the mechanisms behind increased glycolytic metabolism in response to inflammatory stimuli are well-studied, less is known about the programming of mitochondrial metabolism in DCs. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-β (IFN-β), which differentially stimulate the use of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), respectively, to identify factors important for mitochondrial metabolism. We found that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1β (PGC-1β), a transcriptional co-activator and known regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, decreases when DCs are activated with LPS, when OXPHOS is diminished, but not with IFN-β, when OXPHOS is maintained. We examined the role of PGC-1β in bioenergetic metabolism of DCs and found that PGC-1β deficiency indeed impairs their mitochondrial respiration. PGC-1β-deficient DCs are more glycolytic compared to controls, likely to compensate for reduced OXPHOS. PGC-1β deficiency also causes decreased capacity for ATP production at steady state and in response to IFN-β treatment. Loss of PGC-1β in DCs leads to increased expression of genes in inflammatory pathways, and reduced expression of genes encoding proteins important for mitochondrial metabolism and function. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PGC-1β is a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism and negative regulator of inflammatory gene expression in DCs.
Modelling and dynamic analysis of slippage level for large-scale skid-steered unmanned ground vehicle
Authors: Zhou Kang , Lei Shuaishuai , Du Xiongzi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo analyze the turning characteristics of a large-scale skid-steered unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), a mathematical model based on geometric characteristics and kinematics was developed in this work. The turning characteristics, as well as some important geometric and moving features, were seriously considered in the model. A self-designed UGV was employed to conduct targeted experiments. Initial experiment showed that the width of UGV was much larger than that of actual value, because slippage phenomenon made the errors of actual velocity and trajectory length between two sides of the UGV were lower than those obtained from direct wheel velocities measurements and calculations. Further experiments which obtained moving velocity of the UAV by means of a highly accurate Inertial Navigation System (INS) were conducted. Combining this velocity, the slippage levels of the four wheels can be quantitatively measured. In addition, using standard velocities derived from the accurate moving velocity, a true turning radius can be accurately calculated in real time when the slippage characteristics were seriously considered, hence, the mathematical model can be sufficiently validated. The work can realize modelling and dynamic analysis and estimation of the slippage characteristics of this type of UGV.
Specifying evacuation return and home-switch stability during short-term disaster recovery using location-based data
Authors: Lee Cheng-Chun , Chou Charles , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study are: (1) to specify evacuation return and home-switch stability as two critical milestones of short-term recovery during and in the aftermath of disasters; and (2) to understand the disparities among subpopulations in the duration of these critical recovery milestones. Using privacy-preserving fine-resolution location-based data, we examine evacuation and home move-out rates in Harris County, Texas in the context of the 2017 Hurricane Harvey. For each of the two critical recovery milestones, the results reveal the areas with short- and long-return durations and enable evaluating disparities in evacuation return and home-switch stability patterns. In fact, a shorter duration of critical recovery milestone indicators in flooded areas is not necessarily a positive indication. Shorter evacuation return could be due to barriers to evacuation and shorter home move-out rate return for lower-income residents is associated with living in rental homes. In addition, skewed and non-uniform recovery patterns for both the evacuation return and home-switch stability were observed in all subpopulation groups. All return patterns show a two-phase return progress pattern. The findings could inform disaster managers and public officials to perform recovery monitoring and resource allocation in a more proactive, data-driven, and equitable manner.
Estimation formula of finished bridge pre-camber in continuous rigid-frame bridges
Authors: Yao Sisi , Peng Biao , Wang Luyao , Chen Hengda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContinuous rigid-frame bridges are widely used, but the large deflection in the mid-span during operation has always been their disease. This problem is generally solved by setting the finished bridge pre-camber. There are many calculation methods for pre-camber, and the effects are different. In this paper, based on a large number of design parameters of continuous rigid-frame bridges obtained from the investigation, 18 finite element analysis models of different span combinations were established, and 30 sets of valid data were obtained under the action of multi-factor. The results show that the shrinkage and creep of concrete is the most important factor for the mid-span deflection of continuous rigid frame bridges, and the deflection amount has an obvious functional relationship with the span. The effect of prestress loss on mid-span deflection is second, and stiffness reduction has little effect on mid-span long-term deflection. In this paper, the least-squares method is used to perform polynomial fitting, and the fitting formula for the mid-span finished bridge pre-camber is finally obtained. The applicability of the calculation formula is proved by comparing it with the specification solution, the empirical solution, and the measured value.