bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on Atherogenic Index of Plasma Lipids and Dyslipidemia
Authors: Onuchukwu Ifunanyachukwu Confidence , Etim Echu Ukam , Chimdike Omejua Godswill , Oguzie Blessing Chinyere , Emuebie Hilary , Orji Kelvin Nkemakonam , Egoh Livia Chinaza , Ofojama Ebubechukwu Lovelyn , Okonkwo Gift Ifechukwu , Timothy Amokeoja Olayinka , Igwe Comfort Chinwendu , Sunday Favour Chizaram , Nnaji Chisimdindu Frances , Ekemezie Chiagoziem Henry , Ikwueze Unoaku Judith , Maduekwe Chibuike Emmanuel , Adebisi Sheriffdeen Adedolapo , Nnanyereugo Vivian Onyinyechi , Ihedi Kelechi Victor , Ifionu Onyinyechukwu Vivian , Eze Sharon Obianuju , Okafor Chisom Nwabundo , Makata Victor Chisom , Inalegwu Samuel Edwin , Joboson Juliet Uzorchi , Udensi Carmilla Ijeoma , Omokungbe Olatunji , Onuoha Prince Ikechukwu , Ajibo Chikwube Collins , Agbo Moses Ejiofor , Okoro Goodluck Oghenerukevwe , Uba Amarachi Cynthia , Offor Chioma Mascillina , Uchendu Ikenna Kingsley 
Published: August 2022

Dyslipidemia is defined as abnormally levels of lipids in the blood. Different types of lipids and lipoproteins have been identified. Dyslipidemia is a single strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis is the most common. It has been described as a disease of the economically advanced societies, but recently, it has found its way into the semi-urban societies and among its dwellers, who are at the increasing risk of developing cardiovascular accidents. Hence, early identification and diagnosis of dyslipidemia at its earliest stage among this populace is a worthwhile cardiovascular preventive measure. The study of hyperlipidaemia is of considerable importance, mainly because of the involvement of lipids in cardiovascular diseases. The classification system of hyperlipidaemia is based on which plasma lipoprotein concentrations were increased. Fredrickson classification helped to put lipidology on the clinical map, though it was not a diagnostic classification. It gives little clue as to the aetiology of the disorder. Currently, a more descriptive classification is used for the primary hyperlipidaemia although they can be genetic or secondary factors. This review presents the overview of plasma lipids. This article illustrates the theoretical background and details about dyslipidemias.
Keywords: Dyslipidemia, Atherogenic index, Hyperlipidaemia, Atherosclerosis, Lipoproteins
Formulation and Evaluation of Microspheres of Ramipril
Authors: Mutagond Chetankumar , Kolageri Shivanand , Katagaon Supriya B 
Published: August 2022

Background: Ramipril an antihypertensive medicine has a 28 percent oral bioavailability and is promptly eliminated from the body through the kidneys. When Ramipril is administered as an immediate dosage form, it has also been linked to a wide range of side effects, including hypotension, an increase in potassium level, and angioedema. The present study was therefore conducted in an effort to reduce the drug's negative effects and boost its bioavailability.
Objectives: In the current work, ramipril microspheres are created and evaluated utilizing the solvent evaporation method and natural or synthetic polymers. Use natural polymers like ramipril, sodium hydroxide, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, dichloromethane (DCM), and synthetic polymers like ethyl cellulose, eudragit RL100, etc.
Methods: A solvent evaporation technique was used to create the microsphere, and polymers like EudragitRL100 and ethyl cellulose were used. Particle size analysis, percent entrapment efficiency, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE), FTIR spectroscopy, in vitro release research, and stability study were all performed on the produced formulations.
Results: The results were observed to be within the normative ranges. The FT-IR analysis of the formulations indicated there was no interaction between Ramipril and other excipients. The range of entrapment efficiency was found to be between 68.7 and 94.08%. The drug release investigation was conducted in gastrointestinal fluid (SGF) for 12 hours and demonstrated the largest quantity of drug release in a regulated and sustained manner over a prolonged length of time. The size of the microsphere was in the range of 25.7 to 49.2 m. According to the DSC study, molecules of drugs are uniformly dispersed in an amorphous state.
Conclusion: The designed formulation was discovered to be stable and it provides a potential system for the controlled and sustained distribution of ramipril.
Keywords: Ramipril, EudragitRL100, Ethylcellulose, Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, Solvent evaporation method.
Contraceptive Prevalence, Pattern and Socio-demographic Determinants among In- Union Women of Reproductive Age (15-49 years) in Semi-urban Communities of Orlu town, Imo state, Nigeria
Authors: Duru Chukwuma B. , Andibanbang Franklin A. , Duru Chioma A. , Ogelle Onyecherelam M. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The use of contraceptives is very important in controlling high and unsustainable population growth thereby reducing its attendant problems of poor national economy and health outcomes of women and children.
Methodology: The study was a community based cross-sectional study carried out among 600 in-union women of reproductive age living in suburban communities in Orlu, Imo State, Nigeria. They were selected using multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured and interviewer administered questionnaire and was analyzed using EPI-INFO version 3.2.1. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and regression analysis were performed where necessary. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Result: Contraceptive ever used and current use was 66.7% and 36.7% respectively. The commonest modern contraceptive type ever used and currently used was the oral Contraceptive pill (65% vs. 22.8%). Socio-demographic and economic factors found to influence contraceptive use among the women were; age of women (p=0.002), status of union(p˂0.0001), age at union (p = 0.043), duration of union (p = 0.002), level of education of women (p ˂ 0.0001), religion of women (p ˂ 0.0001), family size (p ˂ 0.0001), number of male children (p ˂ 0.0001), monthly income (p ˂ 0.0001) and previous use of contraceptives (p ˂ 0.0001).
Conclusion: The use of contraceptive was low and the commonest reason for non-use was due to religious beliefs. Most of the factors influencing use can be modified by appropriate intervention programs. Thus there is need to institute intervention programs by relevant authorities of the state that can help increase contraceptive use among these women.
Keywords: Contraceptive use, prevalence, pattern, socio-demographic, determinants, Orlu, Imo State.
An Overview of Monolithic Column: Types, Parameters and Applications
Authors: Patel Nishiben , Gupta Krishna R. , Umekar Milind J. 
Published: August 2022

The column is the main component for chromatographic separation. Nowadays, monolithic columns are graining more popularity in the field of separation media for liquid chromatography. The monolith columns possess great potential as compared to the conventional packed column in terms of preparing complex mixtures. These columns provide various properties like higher permeability, high-efficiency fast separations, high flow rate with lower backpressure, fast mass transfer kinetics with a high binding capacity. It is categories into three columns and they are organic monolithic column, inorganic monolithic column and hybrid monolithic column and all three types of monolithic column differ through their porous properties. In this review, the various advantage of the high-efficiency monolithic column with recent advances, the origin of the concept, the various parameter of the monolithic stationary phase and the application of monolithic columns are illustrated. It is better column in comparison of selectivity, reproducibility and performance.
Keywords: Monolithic column, Packed columns, Inorganic and organic monolithic column, Column parameters, Pharmaceutical Applications
Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharik Mehraj , Mubashir Wani , Ahad Wani Abdul , Shafi Aamir 
Published: August 2022

Non-Valvular atrial fibrillation is defined as the one which develops in the absence of moderate to severe rheumatic mitral stenosis ,a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve or mitral valve repair. Atrial fibrillation is the most common pathological cardiac arrhythmia and major cause of ischemic stroke. There are many major risk factors for development of atrial fibrillation. Among these advanced age, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic lung disease and consumption of alcohol are the major causes. Aim of treatment is to control the rate, rhythm and anticoagulation so as to prevent tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy, heart failure and stroke. This review article gives a comprehensive and systematic approach for the management of Non-valvular atrial fibrillation.
Keywords: Atrial fibrillation (AF), Stroke, Anticoagulation.
Evaluation of Diuretic and Antinephrolithiatic Activity of Cucurbita pepo Seed in Experimental Rats
Authors: Thakur Niharika , Jain Surendra Kumar , Saxena Rajiv 
Published: August 2022

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the cucurbita pepo seed on albino rats as a preventive agent against the development of kidney stones. The seeds of cucurbita pepo were collected from the local market of Lalitpur, district (UP). Activity of cucurbita pepo seed was studied using the ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis model. Standard drug used was cystone. Several parameters were used including urinary volume, urine analysis and serum analysis to assess the activity. The results indicated that the administration of cucurbita pepo to rats with ethylene glycol-induced lithiasis significantly reduced and prevented the growth of urinary stones (P < 0.01). Also, the treatment of lithiasis-induced rats by cucurbita pepo seed restored all the elevated biochemical parameters (calcium, creatinine, uric acid and urea), increased the urine volume significantly (P < 0.01) when compared to the model control drug. This study supports the usage of cucurbita pepo seed in nephrolithiasis and the utility could further be confirmed in other animal models.
Keywords: Antinephrolithiatic Activity, Ethylene glycol, Cucurbita pepo, Renal calculi.
Formulation and Characterization of Novel Transfersomes Gel for Enhance TDDS of Losartan Potassium
Authors: Khan Rubeena , Jain Prateek Kumar , Khare Basant , Jain Monika , Thakur Bhupendra Singh , Jain Anushree , Jain Ashutosh Pal 
Published: August 2022

A transferosome is the first generation of an elastic liposome prepared from phospholipids and edge activators. An edge activator is often a single-chain surfactant with a high radius of curvature that destabilizes the lipid bilayers of vesicles and increases the deformability of the bilayers, thereby making the vehicle ultra-deformable. Losartan potassium is an orally active angiotensin-II receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension due to mainly blockade of AT1 receptor. It is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetonitrile, and soluble in isopropyl alcohol. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of transfersomal gel formulations for transdermal delivery of losartan potassium by reverse phase evaporation method. Characterization of transfersomes gel performed by vesicle size, pH measurements, drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug diffusion study, spreadability and stability study. In the formulations pH is found to be around 6.8 to 6.9, pH is found in the range of 6 which is compatible with skin. In the formulations spreadability is found to be around 6.75 to 10.11 g m cm/sec. The prepared gel containing losartan potassium-loaded transfersomal formulation was optimized and can be use for topical preparation. The results were obtained which showed that transfersomal gel was a promising candidate for transdermal delivery with targeted and prolonged release of a drug. It also enhances skin permeation of many drugs.
Keywords: Transferosome gel, Losartan potassium, Antihypertensives, Reverse phase evaporation method
A Comprehensive Review on In-Situ Gel Drug Delivery System
Authors: Gupta Sakshi , Archana , , Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Over the past ten years, in situ gelling drug delivery methods have attracted a lot of attention. Prior to injection, they are in a sol-state, and they can gel when exposed to a variety of endogenous stimuli, including temperature rise, pH changes, and the presence of ions. Such to accomplish the injection of a local or systemic medication, systems may be delivered by a variety of can also be employed effectively as carriers for nano- and microparticles that carry drugs. Natural or artificial or in conjunction with semi-artificial polymer exhibiting in situ gelling behaviour. For the development of such systems, coupling with mucoadhesive polymers is highly sought in order to prolong the duration spent at the site of action or absorption. Nasal drug administration is a superior option than oral and parental routes because of the high permeability of the nasal epithelium, rapid drug absorption, avoidance of hepatic first pass metabolism, improved bioavailability of the medication, and fewer adverse effects. adverse local and systemic effects, minimal dosage is required, Patient compliance has increased, direct distribution to the CNS and systemic circulation is available, and self-medication. The development of gastric ulcers can be prevented. Recent evidence indicates that many medications have greater oral bioavailability than nasal bioavailability. So, the focus of this review is on nasal drugs. Administration, various nasal architecture and physiology characteristics, the method of nasal absorption, and benefits, Evaluations of in situ gels' composition, use, and advantages and disadvantages.
Keywords: Nasal formulation, sustained drug administration, mucoadhesive drug delivery system, and in-situ nasal gelation.
Comprehending the Presence and Application of Antiradicals and Antioxidants within the Human Body
Authors: Pandey Saurabh , Dubey Bhavana , Niranjan Abadhesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

A substance that prevents other molecules from oxidising is known as an antioxidant1. A chemical process called oxidation can generate free radicals, which can set off a series of events that can harm cells. Ascorbic acid, an antioxidant, stops these cascades of events. Reactive-oxygen species (ROS) are produced in excess by plants and animals as a result of various abiotic stressors. ROS are extremely sensitive and toxic, damaging proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and DNA as a result, which causes oxidative stress. This oxidative-stress damages tissues and contributes to a broad range of illnesses2. Antioxidants counteract the effects of ROS and aid in disease prevention by balancing their effects. Antioxidants can be naturally occurring or synthetic. Common cancer preventatives are ingested through diet because they are present in organic foods, veggies, and flavours. Additionally, several designed cancer preventative substances like BHT and BHA prevent oxidation. The search for non-toxic cancer prevention agents has gotten stronger in recent years, nonetheless, as it has been determined that these synthetic cancer prevention agents pose risks to people.
Keywords: Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's cancer, ascorbic acid, and tocopherols.
Analytical Method Development and Validation of Ondansetron and Telmisartan in Tablet Dosage Form by RP-UPLC Method
Authors: Siddiqui Khushnuma , Dubey Bhavana 
Published: August 2022

The objective of the present analysis was the improvement of easy, exact as well as reproducible and precise verifies reversed phase Liquid Chromatography with High Performance [UPLC] assays for Telmisartan and Ondansetron. The chromatographic splitting up was done on Acuity UPLC BEH C 18 (50×2.1mm and1.7µm) column with gradient elution. The injection amount was 1µl and also the detection was performed at 214 nm by utilizing photo diode array detector. The evolved as well as a validated UPLC way of Telmisartan and Ondansetron in tablet dosage styles based on ICH tips was precise and accurate, therefore it may be utilized for equally evaluation scientific studies of medications. This process demonstrated the repeatability of outcomes with regard to accuracy, scientific studies, robustness, and then program - suitability problems.
Keywords: UPLC, Ondansetron, chromatography, Telmisartan, accuracy, robustness
Development and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Mucoadhesive Microballoons of Esomeprazole to Treat Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Pandey Chandra Prakash , Archana , 
Published: August 2022

The Gastro-retentive medication delivery method may increase patient compliance by lowering drug plasma level fluctuations1. The absorption maxima (max) of esomeprazole magnesium in 0.1 N HCl solution were found to be at 291 nm. Correlation coefficient values better than 0.99 suggest that the calibration curves provide strong linearity data. The results showed that the medication was soluble in 0.1 N HCl and had the maximum solubility in water. Magnesium esomeprazole was found to have a partition coefficient of (0.2442). The prepared mucoadhesive microballons percentage yield was calculated, with a range of 88.2 to 96.5 percent. The shape and surface morphology of produced mucoadhesive microballons photographed using a scanning electron microscope. The effectiveness of drug entrapment was in the region of 81.71 % - 93.51 % . The swelling rate and percent mucoadhesion of Esomeprazole Magnesium mucoadhesive microballons ranged from 75.63 percent to 88.64 percent. The in-vitro buoyancy % of mucoadhesive microballons used to determine the floating ability of all formulations. All of the developed formulations were floated for at least 7 to 12 hours. The best formulations incorporate naturally occurring polysaccharide polymeric blends as Drug: HPMC: Carbopol 934 (1:1:1) that release more than 98.13 percent of the drug in a regulated and sustained manner in the stomach environment for up to 24 hours.
Keywords: Gastroretention, mucoadhesive microballoons, Esomeprazole, HPMC, Carbopol
Relationship between Menstrual Stress Levels and Menstrual Cycle in Medical Students
Authors: Batubara Frisca Ronauli , Sirait Gelora Lisbet Aprina , Achmad Luana N. 
Published: August 2022

Menstruation is a physiological change in a woman's body that is affected by reproductive hormones that occur periodically. The menstrual cycle is the time from the first day of menstruation until the arrival of the next period of menstruation. The average menstrual cycle lasts for 21-35 days. Stress is a disorder of the body and mind caused by changes and life demands. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a condition accompanied by emotional and physical problems related to the menstrual cycle. This study aims to determine the correlation of stress levels during menstruation with the menstrual cycle in medical students. This study uses a type of cross-sectional research. The data was obtained using questionnaires. The study used 99 respondents who met inclusion criteria. The results showed that out of 99 respondents there were 79 respondents (79.8%) had a regular menstrual cycle, seven respondents (7.1%) had an abnormal menstrual cycle, there were 28 respondents (28.3%) had normal stress levels during menstruation. Twenty-one respondents (21.2%) had mild stress levels during menstruation, 21 respondents (21.2%) had moderate stress levels during menstruation, and 16 respondents (16.2%) had severe stress levels during menstruation, 13 respondents (13.1%) had stress levels are very heavy during menstruation. Based on the Spearman Rank test, there is a negative correlation with the moderate level of relationship between stress levels during menstruation and the length of the menstrual cycle.
Keywords: Menstruation, Menstrual Cycle, Stress, Stress Level.
An Overview of Public Knowledge and Attitudes towards the Use of Herbs during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Silaban Hertina , Weubun Anastasia Novena Brigita , Salutondok Welly 
Published: August 2022

During the Covid 19 pandemic, one of the prevention measures suggested by Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) is to consume herbal medicine to boost one's health immunity. The major factors that encourage the individual to consume herbal medicines are their knowledge and attitude towards the herbal medicines themselves. In these pandemic condition, consumption of herbal medicines will still increase as one of the prevention measures. This research aims to understand the knowledge and attitude of indigenous people in Wasur village RT 002 RW 001 regency towards herbal medicines during the pandemic. This research is descriptive research using a cross-sectional approach. The instrument that is being used in this research is a questionnaire. There are 100 people as the sample used in this research was taken under a nonrandom sampling technique with purposive sampling criteria that have been inclusively determined. The results have shown that plants that are frequently consumed as herbal medicines are Sambiloto (36%), Ginger (26%), Meniran leaves (13%), Galangal leaves (13%), Papaya leaves (11%), and Guava leaves (8%). The dosage form that is being used by the sample is decoction. The village's knowledge of the people's herbal medicines is mainly passed down by the family (60%). The majority of these herbal medicines concoctions are local's concoctions. To be noted in this research, 44 persons of the samples passed the "GOOD" knowledge criteria, and 98% passed the "GOOD" criteria for attitude toward herbal medicines. This research concludes that knowledge and attitude are majorly in the "GOOD" criteria.
Keywords: Consume, Knowledge, Attitude, Herbal.
Effect of compound Unani Drug in the management of cervical spondylosis (Wajaur Raqaba): A case study
Authors: Usmani Safia , Sultana Asia , Sabir Bushra 
Published: August 2022

Cervical spondylosis is also known as cervical osteoarthritis. It is a disorder characterised by alterations in the bones, discs, and joints of the neck. These changes are induced by the regular wear and tear of ageing, which leads to intervertebral disc degeneration and osteophyte production. The most common complaints are pain in the head, neck, and shoulders, as well as tenderness in these areas. There is also pain radiation and a reduction in cervical range of motion. Wajaur Raqaba (cervical spondylosis) is treated through Ilaj bit Tadbeer (Regional therapy), Ilaj bid Dawa (Pharmacotherapy), and Ilaj bil Yad (Surgery). The purpose of this case study was to assess the efficacy of Unani formulations Habbe Asgand and Habbe Gul-e-akh in the treatment of cervical spondylosis. A 24-year-old female patient with cervical spondylosis presented to the OPD of Ajmal Khan Tibbia College, Aligarh. Treatment was given to the patient for a period of one month. The Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) is used for the assessment of cervical pain. As assessed by NPQ, Unani formulations were proven to be safe and effective in the management of cervical spondylosis.
Keywords Cervical spondylosis, Wajaur Raqaba, Unani formulations, Habbe suranjan and Habbe gul-e-akh.
Case Report on Phenytoin-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: David Nishoja , Bali Prasad N , Swamy AHM Vishwanath 
Published: August 2022

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a cutaneous drug reaction which is a severe adverse effect that predominantly involves the skin and mucous membrane. Phenytoin is an anti-epileptic medication that belongs to the hydantoin class. Here we are going to present a case of 50-year-old male patient with phenytoin induced toxic epidermal necrolysis. The outcome of this study was to determine the severity of the adverse reaction and its management to improve the patient condition.
Keywords: Toxic epidermal necrolysis, phenytoin, erythromatous, adverse drug reaction, body surface area.