bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health system readiness for roll out of the Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellnes Centres – Early experiences from Punjab State
Authors: Brar Sehr , Purohit Neha , Singh Gurmandeep , Prinja Shankar , Kaur Manmeet , Lakshmi P. V. M. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The Government of India launched the Ayushman Bharat (AB) program in 2018 which aims to transform 150,000 existing Sub Health Centres and Primary Health Centres into Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs). In this study, we assessed health system readiness for establishment of HWCs.

Methods:
The assessment comprised of a cross sectional facility assessment and a knowledge assessment of community health officers (CHOs) and female multipurpose health workers also known as auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), in 26 HWCs in one community development block of Punjab state. HWCs were assessed for key input and process parameters such as a human resource, physical infrastructure, supplies, capacity building etc., and processes including health promotion, community participation, digitization of management information system, and service delivery.

Results:
It was observed that only 7 of the 26 HWCs had all human resources as per guidelines. The median knowledge score of CHOs and ANMs was 54% and 51% respectively. 11 of the 26 HWCs were co-located with Zila Parishad SHCs. Out of the 15 standalone HWCs, while 9 had independent buildings, 5 were located in buildings of other community level institutions. 50 percent of the HWCs were not able to perform diabetes screening due to lack of glucometers or testing supplies. While services for non-communicable diseases were available, a two-way referral tracking system for patients was missing. The mean job satisfaction rated by the newly appointed CHOs was 3.12 on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 represented very high job satisfaction.

Conclusion:
The operationalization of HWCs requires State and local level interventions for strengthening of existing physical infrastructure, ensuring a regular supply of medicines and consumables, development of referral mechanisms for patients and enhancing community participation.
Nutrition-related knowledge, practice, and weight status of patients with chronic diseases attending a district hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Ilori Temitope , Sanusi Rasaki A. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Africa is experiencing an epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and the projected mortality from NCDs by 2030 will overtake the combined mortality from communicable diseases. Nutrition is a key modality for preventing and treating NCDs, and optimal nutrition knowledge is essential for self-care.

Aim:
This study assessed the nutritional-related knowledge, dietary practice, and weight status of patients with non-communicable diseases attending State Specialist Hospital, Ring Road, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Methods:
This hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 adult patients with chronic diseases attending a district hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a semi-structured interviewer’s administered questionnaire on sociodemographic, diet-related knowledge and dietary practices, sources of dietary information and body mass index. The knowledge and practice score was calculated, and Chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations between socio-demographics, nutrition-related knowledge and practices; statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean age of respondents was 61.94 ± 10.60, and 74.4% were women. Overall, 61.3% of the respondents had good nutrition knowledge, with a higher proportion among women (61.8%) than men (59.5%). However, more women were overweight (33.2%) or obese (21.7%). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of respondents based on income (P < 0.034), duration of illness (P < 0.012), as well as nutrition practice (P < 0.000).

Conclusion:
There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants despite the overall satisfactory nutritional knowledge. Hence, primary care physicians as frontline doctors coordinating care need to advocate for holistic weight reduction strategies in managing chronic diseases.
Evaluation of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and lipid abnormalities in patients with newly detected hypertension and its association with severity of hypertension
Authors: Mahto Subodh Kumar , Sheoran Ankita , Gadpayle Adesh kisanji , Gupta Kritika , Gupta Pulin Kumar , Chitkara Anubhuti , Agarwal Nagina 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Hypertension remains the major preventable cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipoprotein (a) is seen to be associated with established essential hypertension and contributes to atherogenesis or to thrombogenesis or both.

Aim:
Correlation between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and lipid abnormalities in patients with newly detected hypertension and its association with severity of hypertension.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional observational study carried out at PGIMER, DR. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India. Estimation of serum Lp (a) and lipid parameters along with routine laboratory investigations were carried out in 100 newly diagnosed cases with hypertension and compared with age and sex matched 50 healthy normotensive controls.

Result:
Amongst 100 cases the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 160.68 ± 19.75 mmHg and 84.44 ± 4.32 mmHg respectively. The mean serum Lp (a) in cases was 34.03 ± 7.55 mg/dl as compared to 24.13 ± 4.41 mg/dl in controls (p < 0.0001). 62% of cases as compared to 12% of controls had elevated serum Lp (a) levels. Apart from that, the levels of Lp (a) and lipid parameters increased significantly with higher stage of disease (p < 0.0001). Approximately 8% of cases had left ventricular hypertrophy as compared to 1% of control. Similarly, 18% of cases had Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as compared to 4% of controls. 5% of cases had retinopathy as compared to nil in controls. 4% of cases had microalbuminuria as compared to nil in controls.

Conclusion:
It was observed that newly detected hypertension is associated with major derangements of Lp (a) and lipid parameters. We also concluded that end organ involvement is significantly higher in newly detected hypertensives as compared to normotensive subjects and it was attributed to be due to lipid abnormalities observed in the group.
Correlations of Tumor Depth and Width with Lymphovascular Invasion in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Glorius Tampubolon Kevin Anthony , Pramod Sawkar Vijay , Safriadi Ferry , Fitriana Maya Noor , Hernowo Bethy S. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Around 75% of all bladder cancers are classified into nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The NMIBC's high recurrence and progressivity rate are most commonly found in tumors invading the lamina propria (LP), classified as staged pT1 when it extended to the LP with a heterogeneous recurrence and progression. This study aimed to correlate the measurement of tumor depth and width to lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in NMIBC.

Materials and Methods:
A 5-year retrospective analytical study (2015–2019) was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. We reassessed and analyzed the tumor depth and width of 64 patients with pT1 bladder cancer based on histopathological reports and analyzed the correlation of tumors and LVI. The depth was reassessed by measuring the transitional urothelium with the LP as an initial marking point, up to the tumor's edge in the LP, and tumor's width by measuring the largest width of one tumor focus in the LP, along with the presence of LVI by histopathological exams. Data were analyzed using the Mann − Whitney test.

Results:
The participants were 64 patients with pT1 bladder cancer. The mean tumor pT1 invasion depth was 2.03 ± 0.918 mm. The non-LVI group's mean tumor invasion depth was 1.72 ± 0.721 mm, whereas the LVI group was 2.21 ± 0.980 mm. The tumor invasion depth was a significant factor for LVI, whereas the tumor maximum diameter was not.

Conclusion:
The tumor invasion's depth was significantly associated with the LVI. The pT1 tumor invasion depth measurement might serve as a predictive variable of tumor recurrence and progressivity.
The Comparison of Efficacy between the Connaught and Tice Strains of Bacillus Calmette-guérin in Patients with Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Chih-Chun , Chiang Bing-Juin , Yu Jung-Yang , Hsieh Yu-Ting , Chen Chung-Hsin , Pu Yeong-Shiau 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strains, Connaught (ImmuCyst®), and TICE (OncoTICE®) in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (nMIBC).

Materials and Methods:
Patients with nMIBC who underwent transurethral resection between March 1997 and December 2017 were enrolled. TICE was used due to the Connaught strain shortage since 2012; hence, direct comparison of the two strains could not be performed. An intravesical instillation (IVI) regimen of mitomycin-C, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MDP) was used as the reference for comparison. The MDP group was separated into two cohorts (MDP-1 and MDP-2) that matched the same time period of Connaught and TICE treatment. Patients who did not complete the IVI course before disease recurrence or progression or were not followed up for at least 24 months were excluded.

Results:
A total of 730 patients were included in the analysis. There were 67 (9.2%), 38 (5.2%), and 625 (85.6%) patients who received the Connaught, TICE, and MDP treatment, respectively. During a median follow-up duration of 59 months, the recurrence rates of the Connaught, MDP-1, TICE, and MDP-2 groups were 10.5%, 22.8%, 28.9%, and 23.0%, respectively. Both BCG groups had higher tumor grades and more instances of carcinoma in situthan their corresponding MDP cohorts. The Connaught and TICE strains had similar effects in preventing tumor recurrence (Connaught vs. MDP, P= 0.876; TICE vs. MDP, P= 0.556). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model that included all patients, the Connaught and TICE groups had a similar risk (hazard ratio = 0.784 and 0.850) of recurrence compared to the MDP protocol. Although progression events were more frequently noticed in the Connaught group, the small number of events limited the analysis.

Conclusion:
The BCG strains, Connaught and TICE, had similar efficacy in reducing bladder tumor recurrence in nMIBC patients. Both strains resulted in similar bladder recurrence-free survival rates to chemotherapeutic agents.
The Impact Of F-18 FDG PET/CT In the restaging of colorectal cancer in patients with suspected recurrence
Authors: ÇINAR Alev , GENCOGLU Esra Arzu 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the restaging of colorectal cancer in patients with suspected recurrence. Thus, PET/CT findings were compared with that of CT. In addition, the correlation between serum CEA levels and PET/CT and CT findings was investigated. Furthermore, the role of PET/CT in treatment response among patients who were treated after restaging was assessed.
Material and Method: In this retrospective study, a total of 102 patients operated for colorectal cancer (63 female, 39 male, mean age 65.81±4.63 years) were investigated. F-18 FDG PET/CT scans were acquired in all patients. The findings of PET/CT were compared with that of concurrent CT, and also with CEA levels.
Results: In the study, the success rates of PET/CT and CT in detecting pathologic lesions in colorectal cancer cases with suspected recurrence were 98% and 64.7%, respectively. In 34 cases, pathologic lesions were detected with PET/CT, while CT showed no recurrence. The lesions of 68 cases out of 70 with high CEA levels were localized by means of PET/CT, whereas pathology was observed by CT in only 45 cases. Thus, PET/CT was considered more successful than CT in detecting recurrence. In the liver where lesion was localized the most, the sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT were 88% and 92%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of CT were 80% and 76%, respectively.
Conclusion: In the light of findings, our study suggested PET/CT as a valuable imaging tool for restaging and treatment response assessment in colorectal cancer cases with suspected recurrence.
Büyük veya komplike abdominal hernilerin tedavisinde anterior kompenent seperasyon tekniği etkili mi?
Authors: TOPCU Ramazan , TOPÇU Hülya 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Büyük veya komplike abdominal herniler, popülasyonun yaklaşık %0,5 ila 1'inde görülür. Bu fıtıklar anterior kompenent seperasyon tekniği ile insizyonel fıtıklar dahil olmak üzere komplike abdominal hernilerin onarımı için yaygın olarak kullanılan teknikdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı geniş defektli büyük komplike hernilerin onarımında onlay polipropilen meshli anterior komponent seperasyon tekniğini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Nisan 2018- Nisan 2021 tarihleri arasında Hitit Üniversitesi Genel Cerrahi polikliniğine başvuran komplike abdominal herni tanısı konulup anterior komponent seperasyon tekniğini ile opere edilen hastalar geriye yönelik olarak hastane sisteminden tarandı. 29 hastanın bilgilerine ulaşıldı. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, ASA skoru, ek hastalık sayısı, yoğun bakım ihtiyacı, preoperatif ve intraoperatif defekt çapı, postoperatif komplikasyon varlığı, cerrahi alan enfeksiyonu, seroma, cilt nekrozu, yapılan ameliyat, önceki operasyon sayısı ve etiyolojisi, mortalite, hastanede kalış süresi, takip süresi ve nüks açısından değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 29 kişinin 13’nün erkek (%44,8), yaş ortalamaları 60,9±12,23 yıl olduğu görüldü. Hastaların 18,1 (%62,1)’i ASA 2 idi. Komplike abdominal herni tanısının en sık nedeni jinekolojik operasyonlar 10 (%34,5) idi. Hastaların biri hariç hepsine anterior komponent seperasyon tekniğini ile opere edildi. Hastaların 4 (%13,8)’ünde yoğun bakım ihtayacı ve 1 (%3,4)’inde mortalite gelişmiştir. Ortalama takip süresi 18,79±7,63 (18) ay idi. Hastanede kalış süresi ortalama 6,76±5,04 gün idi. Postoperatif komplikasyonlardan en sık 3 (%10,3) hastada seroma görüldü. Cerrahi alan enfeksiyonu ise sadece 3 (%10,3) hastada görüldü. Tüm hastaların 25 (%86,2)’ine ölü boşlukları azaltmak için subkutan dokuları mesh üzerine tespit işlemi yapıldı. Hastaların takiplerinde sadece 2 (%6,9) hastada nüks görüldü.
Sonuç:Anterior komponent seperasyon tekniği, büyük insizyonel fıtıkları olan hastalar için güvenli, kolay ve hızlı bir seçenektir. Hastaların ihtiyaçlarına göre kişiselleştirilerek ve bu işlemle ilgili deneyim arttıkça komplikasyon oranı en aza indirilebilir.
LOS DERECHOS DE LAS NACIONES Y PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS ORIGINARIOS CAMPESINOS EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE BOLIVIA. EL DIFÍCIL RETO NORMATIVO DE LA INTERCULTURALIDAD
Authors: MARTÍNEZ DE BRINGAS ASIER 
Published: March 2022

El intenso debate y la consiguiente recepción normativa de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas es ya una constante, tanto en el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos humanos, como en sede constitucional; y con especial intensidad en América Latina.
La nueva Constitución boliviana ha reconocido de manera generosa, a través de un listado claro y detallado, los derechos de las naciones y pueblos indígenas originarios campesinos. Uno de los grandes logros del «proceso constitucional boliviano» ha sido la adopción de una perspectiva pluri e intercultural como principio y fundamento que atraviesa transversalmente el cuerpo de la Constitución. Allí, el modo de Estado es definido e interpretado desde la interculturalidad, constituyendo un importante ejercicio de renovación y emergencia jurídica. El avance más enérgico y atrevido en este sentido ha sido el reconocimiento del «pluralismo jurídico», en cuanto principio ordenador de todo el sistema constitucional.
Eztabaida sakona, eta horren ondorioz herri indigenen eskubideak araubidean sartzea, konstante bat dira gaur egun, bai giza eskubideen nazioarteko zuzenbidean, bai konstituzio-egoitzan, eta intentsitate handiz Latinoamerikan.
Boliviako Konstituzioak eskuzabaltasunez aitortu ditu, zerrenda argi eta zehatz baten bidez, bertako nekazal munduko nazio eta herri indigenen eskubideak. «Boliviako konstituzio-prozesuaren» lorpen handienetako bat izan da kultura anitzeko eta kulturen arteko ikuspegia hartzea sorburu eta oinarritzat, Konstituzioaren edukia zeharka hartzen duen ikuspegia. Han, Estatua definitzeko eta interpretatzeko orduan, kulturen arteko hartu-emanari begiratzen zaio, eta hori juridikoki gauza berria eta berriztatzailea da. Ildo horretatik, aurrerapauso kementsuena eta ausartena «aniztasun juridikoa» konstituzio-sistemaren printzipio arautzaile gisa aitortzea izan da.
The intense debate and the consequent regulations of the rights of indigenous peoples is already a constant, both in the International Law of Human Rights, as in constitutional headquarters; and with special intensity in Latin America Constitutions.
The new Bolivian Constitution has recognized widely, through a clear and detailed listing, the rights of nations indigenous peoples and peasants. One of the great achievements of the «Bolivian constitutional process» has been the adoption of a perspective multi and intercultural, as principle and
foundation that crosses the body of the Constitution. There, the mode of State is defined and understood from the interculturality, pose a major exercise of renewal and legal emergency.
The more energetic advance and daring in this regard has been the recognition of the «legal pluralism», as regards principle computer of all the constitutional system.
UN ASUNTO SIN RESOLVER: LA CUESTIONADA CONSTITUCIONALIDAD DE LA IRRECURRIBILIDAD ANTE LA JURISDICCIÓN CONTENCIOSO-ADMINISTRATIVA DE LAS RESOLUCIONES DE LA COMISIÓN ARBITRAL
Authors: COBREROS MENDAZONA EDORTA 
Published: March 2022

Planteada una cuestión de constitucionalidad relativa al sistema legalmente establecido para las Resoluciones que dicta la Comisión Arbitral, al haber desistido la demandante de su recurso contencioso-administrativo, el Tribunal Constitucional declara aquélla extinguida y no se pronuncia sobre el fondo de la cuestión.
Arbitraje Batzordeak ematen dituen Ebazpenetarako legez ezarritako sistemari buruzko konstituzionaltasun-auzia jarri ondoren, erreklamazio-egileak administrazioarekiko auzi-errekurtsori uko egin dionez, Konstituzio Auzitegiak hura amaitutzat jotzen du, eta ez du erabakirik hartzen auziaren funtsari buruz.
Lodged a preliminary question on the constitutionality of the legal system established for the Decisions adopted by the Arbitration Commission, because the petitioner had abbandoned the contentious-administrative action, the Constitutional Court stated that the preliminary question was already abatted and did not deliver judgment on the merits.
MEDIA MESSAGES AND STRATEGIES: SELLING KENYA TO THE WORLD THROUGH THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors: Angalia Jane F. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the media messages and strategies that countries use to sell themselves to other countries. Methodology: The paper isolated theories that may explain the need to use media strategies in selling a country. Furthermore, empirical studies that demonstrate what media strategies other countries use to sell themselves were also explored. Specifically, the paper identified documentary evidence in the form of already completed studies that focused on media strategies and messages that are used by countries to sell themselves.Results: The paper indicates that the theories that support the use of media messages and strategies and are related to advertising and media include the “agenda setting theory”, and “persuasion theory”. Findings also indicate that countries in developed economies ( USA for instance) use a lot of television, as well as digital, billboard and print advertisements along with a robust online presence and social media strategy to reach potential visitors. Facebook, Twitter and YouTube pages are used to showcase country specific promotions and engagements. In addition, the newly re-launched website DiscoverAmerica.com is a media strategy for selling America. In addition, Kenya uses various media messages and strategies selling itself to the world. Specifically, Kenya relies mostly on the hospitality industry to market itself.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The most common area in the hospitality industry that is being used to promote Kenya to the world include ecotourism, culture tourism, slum tourism, hotel and accommodation, business conferences and sports tourism. To show case the products that it has, Kenya uses television for Brand Kenya Initiative campaign, radio and social media. Specifically, twitter and face book pages have been developed for brand Kenya. Furthermore, websites for brand Kenya initiatives and for showcasing the various hospitality products have been established. Musicians such as Emily Kosgei and Eric Wainana are being engaged to promote the Kenyan brand through their music.
Suudi Arabistan’ın Dış Politikası ve Kamu Diplomasisi
Authors: ŞAHİN Mehmet , SEYEDI ASL Seyedmohammad 
Published: March 2022

Uluslararası sistemdeki değişiklikler, sivil toplum aktörlerinin ve kamuoyunun artan rolü, geleneksel diplomasinin yanı sıra yeni diplomasi biçimlerinin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu bakımdan bazı ülkeler tarafından başvurulan diplomasilerden biri de kamu diplomasisidir. Kamu diplomasisi; onu kullanan ülkenin ulusal çıkarları doğrultusunda hedef toplumun düşüncelerini etkilemeye çalışan, diplomatik ilişkiler geleneğinin en yeni yöntemlerinden biridir. Suudi Arabistan, Orta Doğu’da politika yapmak ve kamuoyunu etkilemek için kamu diplomasisini kullanan en önemli ülkelerden birisidir. Tanımlayıcı-analitik bir yöntem kullanarak yapılan bu çalışma şu soruya cevap aramaktadır: Bölgede ve İslam Dünyası’nda Suudi Arabistan kamu diplomasisinin etkisinin artmasına neden olan kaynak ve araçlar nelerdir?
Sonuç: Ülkedeki kamu diplomasisi kaynak ve araçlarının din, İslam turizmi, bilim, eğitim, Hac, üniversiteler, medya vb. olduğu görülmektedir. Suudi Arabistan bu araçları kullanarak bölgede ve İslam Dünyası’ndaki yumuşak gücünü ve nüfuzunu artırmak çabasındadır.
Sosyal Adalet ve İnsan Hakları Bağlamında Evrensel Temel Gelir
Authors: ERİKLİ Süheyla , SALİH Pınar 
Published: March 2022

Yoksulluk ve işsizlik oranlarının giderek arttığı vegelir yetersizliği sorununun derinleştiği dünyadaCovid-19 sürecinde virüsün yayılımını engellemeye yönelik alınan tedbirler pek çok kişinin işsiz kalmasına neden olarak gelir eşitsizliği sorununa adeta bir tuğla daha eklemiştir. Diğer yandan teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak mevcut işlerin yerini robot ve otomasyonun almasının toplumda refah kaybını arttıracağı öngörülmektedir.Bu bağlamda, yeni politikaların uygulanması ihtiyacı ile birçok ülkenin gündeminde temel gelir uygulaması yer almaya başlamıştır. Toplumdaki tüm bireylere, koşulsuz ve düzenli olarak sağlanan temel gelir en genel anlamı ile bireysel olarak yapılan nakit ödemelerdir. Bu bakımdan insana yalnızca insan olmasından dolayı tanınmış bir vatandaşlık hakkı olarak nitelendirilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada Evrensel Temel Gelir uygulaması sosyal adalet ve insan hakları bağlamında ele alınmaktadır.Finansmanın sağlanması için vergi politikaları başta olmak üzere çeşitli araçların gibi geliştirilmesi halinde, Evrensel Temel Gelir uygulamalarınıngelir adaletinin artmasında,bireylerin yoksulluğunun azalmasını ve işgücü piyasalarına erişimlerini kolaylaştıracağı vurgulanmaktadır.