bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal exploration of students' identity formation during the transition from pre‐clinical to clinical training using research poetry
Authors: Atherley Anique , Teunissen Pim , Hegazi Iman , Hu Wendy , Dolmans Diana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransitions are critical periods that can lead to growth and, or, distress. Transitions are a sociocultural process, yet most approaches to transitions in practice and research do not explore the social or developmental aspects of entering a new training phase. Wenger reminds us that identity development is crucial when newcomers navigate change. In this paper, we use Wenger's modes of identification: engagement, imagination and alignment to explore students' identity development (as a student and professional) during the transition from pre‐clinical to clinical training.MethodsWe enrolled nine 2nd‐year medical students who generated 61 entries comprising audio diary (or typed) reflections over 9 months (starting 3 months before clinical clerkships began) and interviewed them twice. We usedresearch poems(transcripts reframed as poetry) to help construct a meaningful, emotive elicitation of our longitudinal data and analysed data using sensitising concepts from Wenger's modes of identification.ResultsStudents described their transition as a journey filled with positive and negative emotions and uncertainty about their current and future careers. Students navigated the transition using three mechanisms: (1) becoming more engaged through taking charge, (2) shaping their image of self through engagement and finding role models and (3) learning to flexibly adapt to clerkship norms by managing expectations and adopting a journey mindset.ConclusionsWe successfully narrated students’ identity formation during their transition to clinical training. We learned that students became more engaged over time by learning to take charge. They shaped their image of self by engaging in team activities and reflecting on role models. They learnt to adapt flexibly to clerkship norms by managing expectations and adopting a journey mindset. We suggest that institutions provide a safe opportunity for medical students to reflect, allowing students’ transition periods to be lived, reflected on and supported.
Demodex murilegi and Demodex obliquus, two new specific skin mites from domestic cat Felis catus, with notes on parasitism
Authors: Izdebska Joanna N. , Rolbiecki Leszek , Fryderyk Sławomira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Demodecidae are skin and tissue parasites of mammals with high host, topical, and topographic specificity. They may cause a demodecosis, typically observed in pets and humans. Numerous mammal species have been found to have several, specific demodecids, which inhabit different microhabitats. Thus far, two species have been known from the domestic cat, namely Demodex cati Megnin, 1877 (Acariformes: Demodecidae) and D. gatoi Desch and Stewart, 1999; however, there have been indications for the presence of other demodecid mites in this host. Presently, two other species are described, D. murilegi sp. nov. associated primarily with the skin from the area of lips and nose, and D. obliquus sp. nov. associated with the skin of the lower part of the limb. They exhibit morphological discreteness in terms of qualitative traits significant for Demodecidae taxonomy. Demodex murilegi sp. nov. is larger than both known species, and D. obliquus sp. nov. is intermediate in length between them. It is likely that infection with different Demodex species may result in variable symptoms and courses of demodecosis; however, a correct identification of the species causing the parasitosis is needed to confirm this. Thus, the present study compares the taxonomic traits of four cat demodecid mites.
Trends in the incidence of renal replacement therapy by type of primary kidney disease in Japan, 2006–2020
Authors: Wakasugi Minako , Narita Ichiei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimAge‐standardized incidence of end stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) has stabilized in men and declined in women in Japan since 1996. However, recent trends by primary kidney disease are unknown. The present study aimed to examine recent trends in incidence rates of RRT by primary kidney disease in Japan.MethodsNumbers of incident RRT patients aged ≥20 years by sex and primary kidney disease from 2006 to 2020 were extracted from the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy registry. Using the census population as the denominator, annual incidence rates of RRT were calculated and standardized to the WHO World Standard Population (2000–2025). Average annual percentage change (AAPC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for trends using Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2020, the crude number of incident RRT patients due to nephrosclerosis increased by 132% for men and 62% for women. Age‐standardized incidence rates of RRT due to nephrosclerosis increased significantly, by 3.3% (95% CI: 2.9–3.7) and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.8–1.9) per year for men and women, respectively. The AAPC of chronic glomerulonephritis (−4.4% [95% CI: −5.3 to −3.8] for men and −5.1% [95% CI: −5.5 to −4.6] for women) and diabetic nephropathy (−0.6% [95% CI: −0.9 to −0.3] for men and −2.8% [95% CI: −3.1 to −2.6] for women) significantly decreased from 2006 to 2020.ConclusionIncident RRT due to chronic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy decreased, while the number and incident rates of RRT due to nephrosclerosis increased, from 2006 to 2020 in Japan.
Optimal coordination and reorganization of photosynthetic properties in C4 grasses
Authors: Zhou Haoran , Akçay Erol , Helliker Brent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEach of >20 independent evolutions of C4 photosynthesis in grasses required reorganization of the Calvin–Benson‐cycle (CB‐cycle) within the leaf, along with coordination of C4‐cycle enzymes with the CB‐cycle to maximize CO2 assimilation. Considering the vast amount of time over which C4 evolved, we hypothesized (i) trait divergences exist within and across lineages with both C4 and closely related C3 grasses, (ii) trends in traits after C4 evolution yield the optimization of C4 through time, and (iii) the presence/absence of trends in coordination between the CB‐cycle and C4‐cycle provides information on the strength of selection. To address these hypotheses, we used a combination of optimality modelling, physiological measurements and phylogenetic‐comparative‐analysis. Photosynthesis was optimized after the evolution of C4 causing diversification in maximal assimilation, electron transport, Rubisco carboxylation, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and chlorophyll within C4 lineages. Both theory and measurements indicated a higher light‐reaction to CB‐cycle ratio (Jatpmax/Vcmax) in C4 than C3. There were no evolutionary trends with photosynthetic coordination between the CB‐cycle, light reactions and the C4‐cycle, suggesting strong initial selection for coordination. The coordination of CB‐C4‐cycles (Vpmax/Vcmax) was optimal for CO2 of 200 ppm, not to current conditions. Our model indicated that a higher than optimal Vpmax/Vcmax affects assimilation minimally, thus lessening recent selection to decrease Vpmax/Vcmax.
Advancements in melanoma cancer metastasis models
Authors: Nascentes Melo Luiza Martins , Kumar Suresh , Riess Valeria , Szylo Krystina J. , Eisenburger Robin , Schadendorf Dirk , Ubellacker Jessalyn M. , Tasdogan Alpaslan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetastatic melanoma is a complex and deadly disease. Due to its complexity, the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit metastatic melanoma remains an outstanding challenge. Our ability to study metastasis is advanced with the development of in vitro and in vivo models that better mimic the different steps of the metastatic cascade beginning from primary tumor initiation to final metastatic seeding. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of in vitro models, in vivo models, and in silico platforms to study the individual steps of melanoma metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages and limitations of each model and discuss the challenges of how to improve current models to enhance translation for melanoma cancer patients and future therapies.
Pediatric pulse dose corticosteroid therapy dosing and administration in the treatment of alopecia areata: A review of literature
Authors: Gallaga Natalya M. , Carrillo Brenda , Good Allison , Munoz‐Gonzalez Ayezel , Ross Lindy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of pulse dose corticosteroid therapy (PDCT) in children for treatment of alopecia areata (AA) has been reported, but dosing regimens are not well‐established. We aim to evaluate the available literature regarding the utilization and various dosing regimens of PDCT, as well as associated side effects, in the treatment of AA in children.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of studies describing the use of PDCT for the treatment of AA in children.ResultsEight relevant studies were identified, five of which administered the treatment intravenously (IV) and three of which administered the treatment orally. Protocols with IV administration included two studies which used IV dexamethasone at 1.5 mg/kg/day for 1–3 days monthly for a maximum of 12 cycles and three studies used IV methylprednisolone 8–30 mg/kg/day for 1–3 days monthly for a maximum of 3–10 cycles. The three protocols with oral administration included variable doses of prednisolone at variable intervals and cycle lengths, betamethasone and dexamethasone at a prednisolone equivalent of 5 mg/kg, and methylprednisolone 15 mg/kg for 3 days bimonthly for 12 cycles. In these studies, PDCT was generally well‐tolerated and resulted in improvement of the AA.ConclusionPDCT was found to be well‐tolerated with few serious side effects reported. It appears to be beneficial early in disease course, especially for those with multifocal AA.
Co‐existence of atypical tuberculid with lupus vulgaris
Authors: Nanda Arti , Cholasseri Selma , AlAbdulkareem Ahmad , Karam Tarek M. , Al‐Sabah Hamoud 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is an uncommon form of extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis accounting for ≤2% of mycobacterium tuberculosis cases and is more often reported from developing countries. Tuberculid, a cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to mycobacteria or its fragments, is a another rare cutaneous manifestation seen in association with tuberculosis of other organ systems including tuberculous lymphadenitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, etc. Co‐occurrence of a tuberculid with CTB is extremely rare. Herein we report a childhood case of lupus vulgaris, a type of CTB, associated with an atypical presentation of tuberculid.
Caffeine consumption as a risk factor for childhood and adolescence migraine
Authors: Hikita Toshiyuki , Goda Hitomi , Ogawa Yasuko , Kudo Toshiyuki , Ito Kiyomi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCaffeine consumption is a risk factor for chronic daily headache but few studies have addressed relationships between pediatric patient caffeine levels and headache severity. We examined associations between serum and urine caffeine levels and headache severity in childhood and adolescent migraine cases.MethodsLevels of caffeine and caffeine metabolites in serum and urine samples were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used for comparisons of age, sleep time, headache severity, caffeine consumption, and caffeine detection. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was calculated for associations. Correlations where ρ ≥ 0.3 and differences where p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsOf the 40 patients studied, 34 declared caffeine consumption and six declared no caffeine consumption. These two groups did not differ significantly in any of the above clinical parameters. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of both serum and urine samples revealed nine caffeine‐negative (level <0.0625 μM) and 31 caffeine‐positive cases. The Headache Impact Test‐6 (HIT‐6) score was higher (p = 0.033) for the caffeine‐positive group versus the caffeine‐negative group. Caffeine was detected by LC–MS/MS in the serum and/or urine of three of the six patients who declared no caffeine consumption. No significant correlations were observed among age, sleep times, headache severity score, or levels of caffeine and caffeine metabolites.ConclusionThirty one of 40 (77.5%) cases of childhood/ adolescence migraine showed serum and urine caffeine positivity based on LC–MS/MS. The HIT‐6 score, a measure of headache severity, was significantly higher for caffeine‐positive versus caffeine‐negative cases. Symptoms of childhood/adolescence migraine were exacerbated by caffeine consumption.
Target‐based resource pooling problem
Authors: Cui Zheng , Ding Jianpeng , Long Daniel Zhuoyu , Zhang Lianmin 
Published: December 2022

We study a two‐stage resource pooling problem with multiple resources and customers. The central decision‐maker decides the capacity level of the resources within a total budget before the realization of uncertain demand. Then, the fulfillment policy is determined by individual service‐level requirements. We use a robust satisficing framework to formulate the problem and allow ambiguity in the distribution of demand. Moreover, we introduce a new utility‐based probability distance allowing the model to be solved exactly using a column and constraint generation algorithm. We also provide a more efficient solution method for some special cases. Finally, we conduct experiments for a process flexibility problem, which is an example of the resource pooling problem. We show the advantage of our model over some benchmark approaches, and show the impact of the flexibility structure and correlation between demands.
Co‐op advertising in randomly fluctuating markets
Authors: Han Jinhui , Sethi Suresh P. , Siu Chi Chung , Yam Sheung Chi Phillip 
Published: December 2022

We consider a dynamic Stackelberg game between a manufacturer and a retailer facing a randomly changing market environment (boom–bust cycle) modeled as a Markov process over time. The manufacturer announces the national advertising effort and a cooperative (co‐op) advertising subsidy, and the retailer sets the local advertising effort. We derive the optimal feedback equilibrium advertising strategies and show that the channel members are forward‐looking in their advertising decisions. In the single‐crisis case, both the necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive subsidy reveal that the subsidy decision hinges on the relative profit margins before and after the crisis. Our comparative statics analysis indicates that the presence of national advertising enriches the members' advertising behaviors significantly. Furthermore, the pre‐crisis (post‐crisis) aggregate advertising contribution of the supply chain generally decreases (increases) in the damage rate and the crisis likelihood, as in the single‐firm case. But the individual advertising behaviors of the members may exhibit richer structures, depending on the comparative advantages of the members in each state. In addition, our numerical studies demonstrate that channel members can suffer sizable losses when they adopt myopic advertising strategies over their regime‐switching counterparts. Finally, we extend our analysis to incorporate retail and brand competition and show that the channel members' advertising behaviors are reasonably consistent with those without competition.
Effects of consumers' context‐dependent preferences on product bundling
Authors: Yin Qianbo , Jiang Baojun , Zhou Sean Xiang 
Published: December 2022

Bundling can change consumers' choice set and affect their purchase decision. It is well documented that consumers' preferences depend on the bundling context. In this paper, we investigate the effects of consumers' context‐dependent preferences (CDPs) on the firm's optimal bundling strategy in various competitive situations. We consider a market where a monopolist firm in product category A also sells a product in product category B. We analyze three scenarios in category B: (1) an independent firm selling a higher quality product, (2) two independent firms selling the higher quality product, and (3) the monopolist in category A is also a monopolist in category B. We find that CDPs can indeed change the firm's optimal bundling strategy. When the firm has a competitive disadvantage in category B, CDPs encourage the firm to offer the bundle (by either pure bundling or mixed bundling). Furthermore, if category B market is so competitive that the firm possesses negligible market power, mixed bundling can be strictly more effective at increasing the firm's profit than pure bundling because mixed bundling can better take advantage of CDPs. In contrast, if the firm has monopoly power in both categories, CDPs discourage the introduction of the bundle, and pure‐component selling is optimal.
Mind the gap: Strategies from California on navigating access to public hearings
Authors: Bukalova Dominika , Maland Elizabeth 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPublic hearings play a critical role in U.S. local government. The evolution of public access to local government hearings and its related challenges have not been documented in a systematic way to encourage research and collaborative scholarship between practitioners and scholars. This article seeks to begin the dialogue by offering seven strategies for navigating access to public hearings in local government. In recent years, local governments have faced increasing pressure to keep pace with evolving technologies while balancing competing budget priorities and assuming a growing role in addressing policy issues that were previously the focus of state and national governments. The COVID‐19 pandemic context has presented further complexity. Left unaddressed, these challenges contribute to a widening gap between what is administratively sustainable versus politically acceptable. The strategies suggested address current challenges, attempt to bridge the gap between what is administratively sustainable and politically acceptable, and propose avenues for further study.
Automated adjustment of dialysate sodium by the hemodialysis monitor: Rationale, implementation, and clinical benefits
Authors: Petitclerc Thierry , Mercadal Lucile 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrescribing dialysate sodium is the responsibility of the physician, but there are currently no clear guidelines for this prescription. Furthermore, there is quite frequently a significant difference between prescribed and measured dialysate sodium. Several arguments, both theoretical and experimental, suggest that dialysate sodium should be adjusted individually in such a way as to result in a decreasing sodium profile that takes into account the patient's predialytic natremia. The generalization in clinical routine of this strategy requires the integration into the hemodialysis monitor of software making the machine capable to automatically adjust the dialysate sodium at each session. The only three such softwares that have been integrated into hemodialysis machines for routine clinical use are discussed. All three work with conductivity measurements as a surrogate for sodium concentrations. Although there are only a few publications on the use of these softwares in clinical practice, they appear to result in improved intradialytic tolerance to the dialysis treatment, better control of hypertension, and reduced thirst, leading to decreased interdialytic weight gain.
Does accuracy matter? A review of the consequences of accurate personality impressions as a function of context and content
Authors: Kerr Lauren Gazzard , Human Lauren J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhat are the implications of seeing others as they see themselves? That is, does viewing others accurately have consequences, positive or negative, to relationship evaluations (e.g., liking)? To address this, the current article provides a comprehensive review of the personality accuracy literature and discusses related work from the self‐verification and empathic accuracy domains. We specifically explore whether the consequences of accurate perceptions could be influenced by two key categories of moderators: the context of the impression (e.g., high vs. low stakes) and content of the impression (e.g., desirability of traits). Lastly, we discuss future directions to aid our understanding of this question.
Gamified innovation to teach patient disadvantage
Authors: Micheal Sowbhagya , Kellett Andrew , Lessey Nkosi , Marjadi Brahmaputra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisadvantages such as social distress, safety, economic status and educational levels can significantly impact health risk factors, health care access and health outcomes. Teaching of disadvantage is critical for medical students to understand impact of disadvantages on patient health and facilitate patient‐centred care. Disadvantage was initially taught through one tutorial to third year medical students. Students often narrowly focused on financial disadvantage and failed to consider other disadvantages. In 2019, an innovation to teach disadvantage to first year students was developed and evaluated.ApproachA ‘trio of learning activities’ was designed that combined gamification and experiential learning. The first activity was the gamified Treasure Hunt where students overcame multiple disadvantages to collect ‘treasure’. The workshop introduced the topic and potential impacts of disadvantages on health. The second activity included placements at general practices where students observed patient disadvantages. The third activity was the end‐of‐semester tutorial during which students debriefed their learning on disadvantage throughout the semester.EvaluationStudents completed the sentence ‘Disadvantage is …’ after the Treasure Hunt workshop and after the tutorial. Seventy‐six percent of the 146 students participated in the evaluation. Responses were thematically analysed. Post‐workshop data indicated improvement in students' understanding of disadvantage including its different types, invisible nature of some disadvantages and people's lack of control over disadvantages. Post‐tutorial data indicated additional learning about intersectionality, clinical impacts and doctors' ability to address patient disadvantage.ImplicationsCombining gamification and experiential learning provided an effective and engaging way to teach about disadvantage in a limited time. Positive evaluation of the innovation indicates this approach can be utilised to teach social determinants of health.
Merely verbal disputes and common ground
Authors: Miller J. T. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper I offer a new characterisation of what makes a dispute merely verbal. This new characterisation builds on the framework initially outlined by Jenkins and additionally makes use of Stalnaker's notion of ‘common ground’. I argue that this ‘common ground account’ can better classify disputes as merely verbal, and can better explain cases of playing devil's advocate.
The trigonal construction in the ramified case
Authors: Lange Herbert , Ortega Angela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo every double cover ramified in two points of a general trigonal curve of genus , one can associate an étale double cover of a tetragonal curve of genus . We show that the corresponding Prym varieties are canonically isomorphic as principally polarized abelian varieties. This extends Recillas' trigonal construction to covers ramified in two points.