bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and conceptual approaches to root water transport
Authors: Boursiac Yann , Protto Virginia , Rishmawi Louai , Maurel Christophe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Root water transport, which critically contributes to the plant water status and thereby plant productivity, has been the object of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. However, root systems represent an intricate assembly of cells in complex architectures, including many tissues at distinct developmental stages. Our comprehension of where and how molecular actors integrate their function in order to provide the root with its hydraulic properties is therefore still limited.

Scope
Based on current literature and prospective discussions, this review addresses how root water transport can be experimentally measured, what is known about the underlying molecular actors, and how elementary water transport processes are scaled up in numerical/mathematical models.

Conclusions

The theoretical framework and experimental procedures on root water transport that are in use today have been established a few decades ago. However, recent years have seen the appearance of new techniques and models with enhanced resolution, down to a portion of root or to the tissue level. These advances pave the way for a better comprehension of the dynamics of water uptake by roots in the soil.
Proving SIFA protection of masked redundant circuits
Authors: Hadžić Vedad , Primas Robert , Bloem Roderick 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImplementation attacks like side-channel and fault attacks pose a considerable threat to cryptographic devices that are physically accessible by an attacker. As a consequence, devices like smart cards implement corresponding countermeasures like redundant computation and masking. Recently, statistical ineffective fault attacks (SIFA) have been shown to be able to circumvent these classical countermeasure techniques. We present a new approach for verifying the SIFA protection of arbitrary masked implementations in both hardware and software. The proposed method uses Boolean dependency analysis, factorization, and known properties of masked computations to show whether the fault detection mechanism of redundant masked circuits can leak information about the processed secret values. We implemented this new method in a tool calledDanira, which can show the SIFA resistance of cryptographic implementations like AES S-Boxes within minutes.
Analysis and prediction of global vegetation dynamics: past variations and future perspectives
Authors: Li Guangchao , Chen Wei , Mu Liqiang , Zhang Xuepeng , Bi Pengshuai , Wang Zhe , Yang Zhen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSpatiotemporal dynamic vegetation changes affect global climate change, energy balances and the hydrological cycle. Predicting these dynamics over a long time series is important for the study and analysis of global environmental change. Based on leaf area index (LAI), climate, and radiation flux data of past and future scenarios, this study looked at historical dynamic changes in global vegetation LAI, and proposed a coupled multiple linear regression and improved gray model (CMLRIGM) to predict future global LAI. The results show that CMLRIGM predictions are more accurate than results predicted by the multiple linear regression (MLR) model or the improved gray model (IGM) alone. This coupled model can effectively resolve the problem posed by the underestimation of annual average of global vegetation LAI predicted by MLR and the overestimate predicted by IGM. From 1981 to 2018, the annual average of LAI in most areas covered by global vegetation (71.4%) showed an increase with a growth rate of 0.0028 a–1; of this area, significant increases occurred in 34.42% of the total area. From 2016 to 2060, the CMLRIGM model has predicted that the annual average global vegetation LAI will increase, accounting for approximately 68.5% of the global vegetation coverage, with a growth rate of 0.004 a−1. The growth rate will increase in the future scenario, and it may be related to the driving factors of the high emission scenario used in this study. This research may provide a basis for simulating spatiotemporal dynamic changes in global vegetation conditions over a long time series.
On linear stability and syzygy stability
Authors: Castorena Abel , Mistretta Ernesto C. , Torres-López Hugo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn previous works, the authors investigated the relationships between linear stability of a generated linear series |V| on a curve C, and slope stability of the syzygy vector bundle $$M_{V,L} := \ker (V \otimes \mathcal {O}_C \rightarrow L)$$

M

V
,
L

:
=
ker

(
V
⊗

O
C

→
L
)

. In particular, the second named author and L. Stoppino conjecture that, for a complete linear system |L|, linear (semi)stability is equivalent to slope (semi)stability of $$M_{L}$$

M
L

. The first and third named authors proved that this conjecture holds in the two opposite cases: hyperelliptic and generic curves. In this work we provide a counterexample to this conjecture on any smooth plane curve of degree 7.
Opposing Effects of Response Time in Human–Chatbot Interaction
Authors: Gnewuch Ulrich , Morana Stefan , Adam Marc T. P. , Maedche Alexander 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch has shown that employing social cues (e.g., name, human-like avatar) in chatbot design enhances users’ social presence perceptions and their chatbot usage intentions. However, the picture is less clear for the social cue of chatbot response time. While some researchers argue that instant responses make chatbots appear unhuman-like, others suggest that delayed responses are perceived less positively. Drawing on social response theory and expectancy violations theory, this study investigates whether users’ prior experience with chatbots clarifies the inconsistencies in the literature. In a lab experiment (N = 202), participants interacted with a chatbot that responded either instantly or with a delay. The results reveal that a delayed response time has opposing effects on social presence and usage intentions and shed light on the differences between novice users and experienced users – that is, those who have not interacted with a chatbot before vs. those who have. This study contributes to information systems literature by identifying prior experience as a key moderating factor that shapes users’ social responses to chatbots and by reconciling inconsistencies in the literature regarding the role of chatbot response time. For practitioners, this study points out a drawback of the widely adopted “one-design-fits-all” approach to chatbot design.
Platinum-doublet chemotherapy for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ohmoto Akihiro , Fujiwara Yu , Horita Nobuyuki , Nakano Kenji , Takahashi Shunji 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Platinum-doublet chemotherapy has been conventionally used for patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) but evidence of chemotherapy is based on studies with small sample sizes and remains scarce. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the efficacy of platinum-doublet chemotherapy for advanced GEP-NEC.

Methods
We performed a database search in PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE. Eligible studies were prospective and retrospective studies documenting the efficacy of platinum plus etoposide (EP) and platinum plus irinotecan (IP) for advanced GEP-NEC. Overall response rate (ORR), median progression-free survival (PFS), and median overall survival (OS) were pooled and weighted using generic inverse variance in a random-effects meta-analysis model.

Results
Nineteen studies including 1157 patients were identified. The ORR of the platinum-doublet regimen, EP, and IP was 49.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.8–56.5), 44.4% (95% CI: 35.9–53.0), and 59.4% (95% CI: 48.0–70.8). The pooled median OS of the platinum-doublet regimen, EP, and IP was 12.9 months (95% CI:10.9–15.3), 12.9 months (95% CI: 10.8–15.4), and 12.9 months (95% CI: 6.0–27.8), and the pooled median PFS of the platinum-doublet regimen, EP, and IP was 5.4 months (95% CI: 4.5–6.4), 5.4 months (95% CI 4.5–6.5), and 4.0 months (95% CI: 1.4–11.7), respectively.

Conclusion
Considerable response rate and survival time of the platinum-doublet regimen for advanced GEP-NEC were observed. IP and EP regimens can be reasonably applicable and these results provide a reference for oncologists in deciding the suitable regimen for patients with advanced GEP-NEC.
Electrospun PVA–Dextran Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Acceleration of Topical Wound Healing: Nanofiber Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Assessment
Authors: Kenawy El-Refaie S. , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Eldin Mahmoud Serag , Soliman Hesham M. A. , EL-Moslamy Shahira H. , El-Fakharany Esmail M. , Shokr Abdel-baset M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrospun polyvinyl alcohol–dextran (PVA–Dex)-based nanofibers (NFs) are explored as a novel class of bioactive injury dressing materials, which have an essential role for topical injury mending. Sodium ampicillin-loaded citric acid-cross-linked PVA–Dex NFs were fabricated by electrospinner for wound recuperating purposes. Results revealed that PVA (10%)–dextran (10%) cross-linked with 5% citric acid (CA) was chosen as an optimized condition for obtaining non-beaded and morphological accepted nanofibers. Altered concentrations of CA as cross-linker progressively enhanced significantly the mechanical/thermal stability and wettability-proof of NFs scaffolds, compared to un-cross-linked (PVA–Dex) scaffolds. Meanwhile, swelling (%), protein adsorption and released ampicillin of NFs decreased dramatically with the increase in the CA concentration, and conversely enhanced with increasing dextran concentrations. Interestingly, resultant PVA–Dex NFs with high concentrations of dextran promoted the proliferation ofHFB-4cells in a high concentration-dependent manner and high antimicrobial activity behavior, compared to NFs containing high concentrations of CA cross-linker after 24 and 48 h of cell exposure. Notably, all fabricated NFs have remarked ability to accelerate the rate of in vitro wound gap closure (%) after treatment for 24 and 48 h, compared to control sample. However, reducing CA concentration in NFs showed the highest percentages of wound healing for scratchedHFB-4cells with clear observed healing process.
A fungal-based pesticide does not harm pollination service provided by the African stingless bee Meliponula ferruginea on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Omuse Evanson R. , Niassy Saliou , Kiatoko Nkoba , Lattorff H. Michael G. , Wagacha John M. , Dubois Thomas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) provide pollination services to crops and produce high–quality honey. The application of agrochemicals during the management of crop pests is an increasing threat to pollinators and the ecosystem services they provide. Biopesticides are considered as better alternatives; however, there is limited evidence of their impact on stingless bees. We evaluated the effect of the most widely used African fungal biopesticide (Metarhizium anisopliaeICIPE 69) on mortality, foraging behavior and pollination success of the African stingless beeMeliponula ferrugineaunder semi-field conditions. Colonies ofM. ferrugineawere introduced into four 24 m2greenhouse compartments containing blooming cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. Cucumber plants were sprayed with a suspension of the biopesticide alongside a sterile 0.05% Triton–100–X (control). The experiment was repeated three times during different cucumber growing seasons. Biopesticide application did not significantly affectM. ferrugineamortality, flight activity, flower visitation, pollen foraging,C. sativusfruit set orC. sativusyield. Forager bees acquired a high number of conidia (7,600 ± 54 conidia /bee) immediately after biopesticide application; however, a significant decline was observed in the subsequent days. Conidial persistence and viability on plant surfaces declined significantly with days. There was no correlation between conidial acquisition and pollen load by forager bees (657 ± 29 pollen/bee). This study demonstrates thatM. anisopliaeICIPE 69 did not negatively impactM. ferrugineamortality, pollination behaviour and success, and can therefore be safely used in stingless bee–dependent crop systems.
Screening for anxiety and its determinants among secondary school students during the COVID-19 era: a snapshot from Qatar in 2021
Authors: Albinali Alia , Naja Sarah , Al Kaabi Noora , Slim Nagah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Anxiety among adolescents may lead to disability and has a tremendous impact on one’s quality of life. The alarming COVID-19 pandemic is expected to increase the anxiety level of adolescents especially with enforced governmental management strategies. This study will assess anxiety symptoms among secondary school students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar.

Methods
We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study among adolescents attending independent secondary schools in Qatar. First, potential participants were invited through Microsoft teams. Next, a total of 750 participants were assessed through the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool. We then conducted descriptive analyses and the Chi-square test to examine significant determinants of anxiety, which was followed by logistic regression analysis. In the end, the scale was tested for its internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha.

Results
Anxiety symptoms were seen in 37.2% of the participants. Female gender, previous history of mental illness, comorbidities, permissive parenting style, and spending more than 12 h per day on the internet were significant determinants of anxiety. Furthermore, a previous history of mental illness, low perceived social support, isolation, and social distancing predicted anxiety.

Conclusions
Anxiety is common among secondary school students in Qatar, and preventive interventions must target the determinants, especially during a pandemic.
The AdVance Sling and Male Sexual Function: A Prospective Analysis on the Impact of Pelvic Mesh on Erectile and Orgasmic Domains in Sexually Active Men With Postprostatectomy Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Chung Eric , Wang Juan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Transvaginal pelvic mesh surgery has been shown to cause female sexual dysfunction.

Aim
To evaluate the sexual function impact of AdVance male sling (MS) on erectile and orgasmic domains.

Methods
A review of a prospectively collected database was conducted in all sexually active men who underwent AdVance MS for postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence between 2012 and 2018.

Outcomes
Patient demographics, clinical outcomes, and validated questionnaires such as the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BMSFI), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) were reviewed at 6, 12 and 24 months.

Results
Of the total of 65 men who received AdVance sling, an increase in IIEF-5 score ≥5 points were reported in 10 (15%) patients with no patients complained of deteriorating erectile function at 24 months. The improvement in orgasmic function (Question 10 on IIEF-15) was reported in 22 (34%) patients while 3 (5%) patients reported lower orgasmic scores. The sexual domains scores in BMSFI were higher in 40 (62%) patients, especially with regards to sexual desire (Question 1 and 2) and satisfaction with sex life (Question 11). No patient reports pelvic or urethral pain. The reported improvement in erectile and orgasm scores remained similar throughout the 24-months follow-up period. All 20 patients with preoperative climacturia reported resolution of their symptoms during sexual activity. The overall PGI-I was 1.4 (1–3) and men with a higher continence rate were more likely to report better male sexual function (P = .044).

Clinical implications
AdVance MS appears to improve erectile and orgasmic domains, and there is a positive correlation between urinary continence and male sexual function.

Strengths and limitations
Strengths of this study include the prospective large patient population analyzed regarding the impact of MS on male sexual function with the use of validated instruments for erectile, orgasmic, and urinary domains. Limitations include single-centre data, relatively short-term follow-up study and lack of a comparative arm.

Conclusion
Despite the reported adverse effect of sexual dysfunction following pelvic mesh in the female population, the AdVance PMS appears to improve male sexual function with regards to erectile and orgasm domains.
Epidemiological characteristics, clinical course, and laboratory investigation of pediatric COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Duabie Bayan , Alfattani Areej , Althawadi Sahar , Taha Abdullah , Javaid Haroon Ahmed , Mobarak Omar , Albanyan Esam 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Since the initial emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many studies have been exploring the nature and characteristics of this virus and its associated clinical manifestations. The present study aimed to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 infections in pediatric patients.

Methods:
A retrospective review of findings associated with 143 pediatric patients (age <14 years) with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who had undergone inpatient or outpatient treatment at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2020 and October 2020, was conducted. The analyzed data included patient demographic information, pre-existing medical conditions, symptoms, interventions, and outcomes.

Results:
The median age of this patient population was 7 years. Of these 143 patients, 67 (46.8%) had known pre-existing medical conditions including bronchial asthma (12.8%), chronic lung disease (CLD) (3%), congenital heart disease (CHD) (17%), primary immunodeficiencies (1.5%), malignancies (9.8%), and 7.5% were post-transplant patients. Thirty-seven patients (26%) were overweight or obese. Sixty-three of these patients (51%) were symptomatic, with the most common symptom being fever (55%). Ultimately, 45 patients (31%) required admission to the hospital, with a median duration of hospitalization of 9.6 days for admitted patients. There were no documented cases of infection-related mortality among this pediatric cohort, although 11 patients experienced post-infectious complications that primarily manifested as a loss of taste and smell.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that pediatric COVID-19 patients tend to experience mild forms of the disease, without any significant differences in disease severity as a function of patient gender or immune status.
Bevacizumab for Cerebral Radionecrosis: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Climans Seth A. , Ramos Ronald C. , Jablonska Paola A. , Shultz David B. , Mason Warren P. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:Cerebral radionecrosis, a subacute or late effect of radiotherapy, can be debilitating and difficult to treat. Steroids can reduce symptoms, but have significant long-term side effects. Bevacizumab has been shown to reduce edema and other radiologic features associated with radionecrosis and improve patient symptoms. We report our experience using bevacizumab for cerebral radionecrosis.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients treated at our institution with bevacizumab for non-glioma-associated cerebral radionecrosis. We recorded change in symptoms, change in steroids, change in performance status, time to tumor progression, and time to death. We delineated the volume of necrosis pre- and post-bevacizumab on T1-post-gadolinium and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI scans.Results:We identified 15 patients, 8 with brain metastases, 6 with meningioma, and 1 with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Most received four doses of bevacizumab, 7.5 mg/kg q 3 weeks × 4 doses. Neuroimaging demonstrated a reduced T1 gadolinium-enhancing volume and edema in 14/15 patients (the average reduction in T1-post-gadolinium volume was 3.0 cm3, and average reduction in FLAIR volume was 27.9 cm3). There was no appreciable change in patient performance status. Steroid doses decreased in five of nine patients. There was a high rate (26%) of adverse events, including pulmonary embolism, stroke, and wound dehiscence. The median progression-free survival was 6.5 months.Conclusion:Although bevacizumab is commonly prescribed for cerebral radionecrosis, in our retrospective cohort, the clinical benefits were modest and there was significant toxicity.
The Community Assessment to Inform Rapid Response (CAIRR): A Novel Qualitative Data Collection and Analytic Process to Facilitate Hyperlocal COVID-19 Emergency Response Operations in New York City
Authors: Ray Madhury , Dannefer Rachel , Pierre Jennifer , Shiman Lauren J , Helmy Hannah L , Boyle Shelby R , Chang Jae Eun M , Creighton Alyssa , Soto Maria A , Moran Jacqlene 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
All disasters are local but implementing a hyperlocal response in the midst of a public health emergency is challenging. The availability of neighborhood-level qualitative data that are both timely and relevant to evolving objectives and operations is a limiting factor. In 2020, the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (NYC DOHMH) responded to the COVID-19 emergency using a novel, hyperlocal approach. Key to the implementation of this approach was the creation of the Community Assessment to Inform Rapid Response (CAIRR), a process for rapid collection and analysis of neighborhood-specific, objective-focused, qualitative data to inform tailored response operations. This paper describes the process of developing the CAIRR and its contribution to the NYC DOHMH’s hyperlocal response in order to guide other jurisdictions seeking to employ a hyperlocal approach in future disaster responses.
WHO SAID THERE WAS ACLASSIC OF MUSIC?
Authors: Waring Luke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor almost a thousand years, Chinese scholars have debated the existence of aClassic of Musicin pre-Qin times. Some say the text once existed but was later lost; others say it was incorporated into other works, or that it only existed as a collection of musical scores. Some say it never existed at all. Though Western scholars have tended to sidestep the issue, most have at least assumed that it wasbelievedduring Han that a music classic had once existed.Not only is there no convincing evidence that a music classic existed during the Warring States era, however, few if any in the Han believed that it had. Indeed, the first claims that aClassic of Musichad once existed emerged only in the latter part of the Six Dynasties era. This article will introduce the debates that have animated scholars on this controversy, examine the evidence for the existence of a pre-Qin music classic, and identify when Chinese scholars came to believe that such a text had once existed. I will argue that the belief that a classic music text had previously been extant reflects early medieval misunderstandings of the role occupied by written texts in antiquity.