bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Cancer in the First 315,000 All of Us Participants
Authors: Aschebrook-Kilfoy Briseis , Zakin Paul , Craver Andrew , Shah Sameep , Kibriya Muhammad G. , Stepniak Elizabeth , Ramirez Andrea , Clark Cheryl , Cohn Elizabeth , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Cicek Mine , Boerwinkle Eric , Schully Sheri D. , Mockrin Stephen , Gebo Kelly , Mayo Kelsey , Ratsimbazafy Francis , Sanders Alan , Shah Raj C. , Argos Maria , Ho Joyce , Kim Karen , Daviglus Martha , Greenland Philip , Ahsan Habibul ,   On behalf of the All of Us Research Program Investigators
Published: September 2022

Introduction
The NIH All of Us Research Program will have the scale and scope to enable research for a wide range of diseases, including cancer. The program’s focus on diversity and inclusion promises a better understanding of the unequal burden of cancer. Preliminary cancer ascertainment in the All of Us cohort from two data sources (self-reported versus electronic health records (EHR)) is considered.

Materials and methods
This work was performed on data collected from the All of Us Research Program’s 315,297 enrolled participants to date using the Researcher Workbench, where approved researchers can access and analyze All of Us data on cancer and other diseases. Cancer case ascertainment was performed using data from EHR and self-reported surveys across key factors. Distribution of cancer types and concordance of data sources by cancer site and demographics is analyzed.

Results and discussion
Data collected from 315,297 participants resulted in 13,298 cancer cases detected in the survey (in 89,261 participants), 23,520 cancer cases detected in the EHR (in 203,813 participants), and 7,123 cancer cases detected across both sources (in 62,497 participants). Key differences in survey completion by race/ethnicity impacted the makeup of cohorts when compared to cancer in the EHR and national NCI SEER data.

Conclusions
This study provides key insight into cancer detection in the All of Us Research Program and points to the existing strengths and limitations of All of Us as a platform for cancer research now and in the future.
Interventional embolization combined with surgical resection for treatment of extracranial AVM of the head and neck: A monocentric retrospective analysis
Authors: Lilje Daniel , Wiesmann Martin , Hasan Dimah , Ridwan Hani , Hölzle Frank , Nikoubashman Omid 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and feasibility of treating patients with extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the head and neck with interventional embolization followed by surgical resection.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of all patients between 2012 and 2021 with extracranial AVM of the head and neck scheduled for interdisciplinary treatment according to University Hospital RWTH Aachen’s protocol and conducted standardized interviews using a newly developed questionnaire. Interview results, as well as clinical examination and radiographic outcome results were analyzed to help determine the efficacy of our treatment approach.ResultsWe included 10 patients (8 female, 2 male), with a mean age of 33.5 (11–61) years who were scheduled for treatment of the AVM with interventional embolization followed by surgical resection. In 6 of the 10 patients (60%) the lesion was located in extracranial soft tissue only. In one patient (10%), the lesion was located in bone tissue only. A combined intraosseous and oral soft tissue lesion was seen in the remaining 3 patients (30%). Radiographic resolution was achieved in 62.5% of cases and a significant decrease of symptoms was identified (p = 0.002). None of the patients reported dissatisfaction and no major complications occurred.ConclusionAn interdisciplinary treatment approach combining neuroradiological interventions with surgical resection appears to be an effective treatment with an acceptable complication rate. Patients treated according to our protocol showed a high satisfaction rate, regardless of the radiographic outcome. Standardized follow-up allows for early detection of recurrences and helps with subjective patient satisfaction.
Comparison of baseline lymphoma and HIV characteristics in Malawi before and after implementation of universal antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Gondwe Yolanda , Kudowa Evaristar , Tomoka Tamiwe , Kasonkanji Edwards D. , Kaimila Bongani , Zuze Takondwa , Mumba Noel , Kimani Stephen , Mulenga Maurice , Chimzimu Fred , Kampani Coxcilly , Randall Cara , Lilly Amy , Gopal Satish , Fedoriw Yuri , Painschab Matthew 
Published: September 2022

Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) led to epidemiological changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated lymphoma in high-income countries such as reductions in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and stable or increased Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). In 2016, Malawi implemented a universal ART (UART) policy, expanding ART eligibility to all persons living with HIV (PLWH). We compare the distribution of lymphoma subtypes and baseline HIV and prognostic characteristics for lymphoma patients in Malawi before and after implementation of UART. We enrolled patients with pathologically confirmed incident lymphoproliferative disorders into a observational clinical cohort. At diagnosis, a comprehensive clinicopathological evaluation was performed. Of 412 participants, 156 (38%) were pre-UART (2013-June 2016) and 256 (62%) post-UART (July 2016–2020). HIV prevalence was 50% in both groups. The most common pre-UART diagnoses were DLBCL [75 (48%)], low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) [19 (12%)], HL [17 (11%)] and, BL [13 (8%)]. For post-UART they were DLBCL [111 (43%)], NHL [28 (11%)], BL [27 11%)] and, HL [20 (8%)]. Among PLWH, 44 (57%) pre-UART initiated ART prior to lymphoma diagnosis compared to 99 (78%) post-UART (p = 0.02). HIV-ribonucleic acid was suppressed <1000 copies/mL in 56% (33/59) pre-UART and 71% (73/103) post-UART (p = 0.05). CD4 T-cell counts were similar for both groups. We observed similar findings in the subset of participants with DLBCL. Overall, there were no significant changes in incident lymphoma subtypes (p = 0.61) after implementation of UART, but HIV was better controlled. Emerging trends bear monitoring and may have implications for prognosis and health system priority setting.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02835911.
Overview of systematic reviews: Management of common Traumatic Brain Injury-related complications
Authors: Vasudevan Vandana , Amatya Bhasker , Khan Fary 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundMany clinical interventions are trialled to manage medical complications following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). However, published evidence for the effects of those clinical interventions is limited. This article is an overview of common complications and their management from published systematic reviews in TBI.Methods and findingsA health science electronic database search for published systematic reviews for management of common complications in TBI was conducted in the last decade till 31stJanuary 2021. Methodological quality and evidence were critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations and Revised-Assessment of Multiple Systematic review tools. Overall, only six systematic reviews complied with search criteria, these evaluated fatigue, spasticity and post traumatic seizures (29 RCTs, 13 cohort studies, n = 5639 participants). No systematic reviews for other common TBI-related complications met criteria for this review. The included reviews varied from ‘moderate to high’ in methodological quality. The findings suggest beneficial treatment effect of anti-epileptic drugs (phenytoin/levetiracetam) compared with placebo in reducing early seizure incidence, but no significant benefit of phenytoin over levetiracetam, valproate, or neuroprotective agent for early or late posttraumatic seizures. There was ‘limited’ evidence for spasticity-related interventions, and ‘insufficient’ evidence of cardiorespiratory training on fatigue levels.ConclusionsDespite the high prevalence and associated functional impact of TBI-related complications, there is limited evidence to guide treating clinicians for management of common TBI complications. More robust studies are needed to build evidence in this population.
Glucocorticoid induces GSDMD-dependent pyrolysis in PC12 cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhang Tengteng , Wei Lai , Zhao Bin , Wang Qingzhi , Yao Zhijun , Yi Shanyong 
Published: September 2022

Objective
The present study explored whether pyroptosis is involved in the injury process of PC12 cells induced by glucocorticoid (GC) and the regulatory relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and pyrolysis.

Methods
LDH leakage of PC12 cells was detected by LDH assay. The number of dead cells was detected by SYTOX green nucleic acid staining. The levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatants was detected by ELSIA assay. The expression levels of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), cleaved gasdermin D-NT (cleaved-GSDMD-NT), NLR-pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and cleaved-caspase-1 were observed by immunofluorescence staining and western blot.

Results
The LDH assay revealed that GC exposure significantly increased the release of LDH. The results of SYTOX green acid staining showed that GC exposure significantly increased the number of SYTOX green acid-positive cells. The ELSIA assay revealed that GC exposure significantly increased the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatants. The results of immunofluorescence staining and western blot showed that GC exposure significantly increased the expression of GRP78, cleaved-GSDMD-NT, NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1. Treatment with the ERS inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA) and siRNA GSDMD attenuated related damage and downregulated the expression of the abovementioned proteins.

Conclusion
The present study clearly demonstrated that GC exposure can induce GSDMD-dependent pyrolysis, and ERS is involved in the above damage process.
Juridical Overview on the Inconsistency of Prohibition to be the Member of Political Parties for the Members of Public Institutions
Authors: Julian Fajar Prima , Herawati Ratna 
Published: September 2022

The creation of a justice in the life of the nation and state must be supported by regulations that do not conflict with other regulations. The prohibition to join a political party for administrators of public institutions is in conflict with higher regulations. The article is considered contrary to the principle of "Equality before the Law" when viewed from the aspect of equal concern put forward by Ronald Dworkin. The purpose of this research was to analyze the inconsistency of the prohibition article for members of public institutions to join political parties and to explain the legal implications for the public institutions when they do not comply with these regulations. The method used was normative juridical with descriptive analytical research specifications, and the type of the data were secondary data. The data analysis was conducted qualitatively. Political rights are part of the human rights owned by a person who should not be limited by discriminatory treatments. In fact, there are still restrictions on these political rights which are detrimental to a person from contributing to become the administrator of a public institution. The contents of conflicting articles cause the public institutions to have a crisis of law compliance, is actually a hierarchical harmony between laws and regulations in Indonesia.
Zwanzig Jahre 9/11. Eine auch biographische Einführung
Authors: Epkenhans Tim , Reinkowski Maurus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This special section on “Twenty Years Since 9/11” is based on presentations given within the framework of a lecture series at the universities of Basel and Freiburg in fall 2021. Olmo Gölz (Freiburg) produced additionally a series of podcast interviews with the invited speakers. The two organizers of the lecture series and also editors of this special issue were motivated by the question how – with the hindsight of twenty years – we might interpret the long-term consequences of 9/11: Mere signifier for underlying processes or real rupture? Without doubt 9/11 had direct effects on the fields of Islamic and Middle Eastern studies, example given: One of the two editors, Epkenhans, pursued in the 2000s a career in Central Asia because of 9/11. It is more debatable whether the twenty-year period of Western military presence in Afghanistan 2001–21 (that was not devoid of any legitimacy as the invasion of Iraq in 2003) will be more than an episode and whether the debacle of the hastened withdrawal in August 2021 will have long-term effects on the international politics of humanitarian intervention. What can be taken for granted is that with Russia’s war on Ukraine since February 2022 the issue of Afghanistan has taken back seat in international politics.
PAISE® – process model for AI systems engineering
Authors: Hasterok Constanze , Stompe Janina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The application of artificial-intelligence-(AI)-based methods within the context of complex systems poses new challenges within the product life cycle. The process model for AI systems engineering, PAISE®, addresses these challenges by combining approaches from the disciplines of systems engineering, software development and data science. The general approach builds on a component-wise development of the overall system including an AI component. This allows domain specific development processes to be parallelized. At the same time, component dependencies are tested within interdisciplinary checkpoints, thus resulting in a refinement of component specifications.
KI-Engineering – AI Systems Engineering
Authors: Pfrommer Julius , Usländer Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
KI-Engineering – translated as AI Systems Engineering – aims at the development of a new engineering practice in the intersection of Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence. Its goal is to professionalize the use of AI methods in a systems engineering context. The article defines KI-Engineering and compares it with historical examples of research disciplines that founded engineering disciplines. It furthermore discusses the long-term challenges where further development is needed and which results were already achieved in the context of the Competence Center for KI-Engineering (CC-KING).
Segmentation of Living and ablated Tumor parts in CT images Using ResLU-Net
Authors: Mahmoodian Naghmeh , Thadesar Harshita , Sadeghi Maryam , Georgiades Marilena , Pech Maciej , Hoeschen Christoph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is widely used as the imaging modality for the treatment of tumors in Microwave Ablation (MWA) therapy. In order to accurately perform ablation of liver tumors and prevent tumor recurrence it is necessary to segment both the living tumor and the ablated tissue on the CT images. The U-Net model has outperformed other methods in biomedical image segmentation. However, because of the low contrast between tumor and liver tissue texture, the traditional U-net network cannot perform an accurate segmentation of the CT images of liver during MWA therapy. The aim of this study is to improve the U-net model network to achieve a higher segmentation performance on the CT images of liver tumor inMWA therapy. To achieve this, residual block is added in the first steps of up-sampling to deepen the network depth and enhance the segmentation result. We compare the proposed method named as ‘ResLU-Net’ with a conventional U-Net model. The results show that the ResLU-Net method has a good performance in tumor segmentation with a structure similarity index (SSIM) value of 0.97. This new method can help physicians in the MWA therapy process.
Detection and Segmentation of Heterogeneous Bone Tumours in Limited Radiographs
Authors: Bloier Magdalena , Hinterwimmer Florian , Breden Sebastian , Consalvo Sarah , Neumann Jan , Wilhelm Nikolas , Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger von , Rueckert Daniel , Burgkart Rainer 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bone tumours are a rare and often highly malignant entity. Early clinical diagnosis is the most important step, but the difficulty of detecting and assessing bone malignancies is in its radiological peculiarity and limited experience of non-experts. Since X-ray imaging is the first imaging method of bone tumour diagnostics, the purpose of this study is to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model to detect and segment the tumorous tissue in a radiograph. We investigated which methods are necessary to cope with limited and heterogeneous data. We collected 531 anonymised radiographs from our musculoskeletal tumour centre. In order to adapt to the complexity of recognizing the malignant tissue and cope with limited data, transfer learning, data augmentation as well as several architectures, some of which were initially designed for medical images, were implemented. Furthermore, dataset size was varied by adding another bone tumour entity. We applied a data split of 72%, 18%, 10% for training, validation and testing, respectively. To provide statistical significance and robustness, we applied a cross-validation and image stratification with respect to tumour pixels present. We achieved an accuracy of 99.72% and an intersection over union of 87.43% for hold-out test data by applying several methods to tackle limited data. Transfer learning and additional data brought the greatest performance increase. In conclusion, our model was able to detect and segment tumorous tissue in radiographs with good performance, although it was trained on a very limited amount of data. Transfer Learning and data augmentation proved to significantly mitigate the issue of limited data samples. However, to accomplish clinical significance, more data has to be acquired in the future. Through minor adjustments, the model could be adapted to other musculoskeletal tumour entities and become a general support tool for orthopaedic surgeons and radiologists.
Simultaneous measurement of DC-EEG and transcutaneous pCO2
Authors: Eylem Kirlangic Mehmet , Yeo Yi Lin , Fiedler Patrique , Haueisen Jens 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
DC potential shifts are the shifts observed in the EEG baseline which can last from seconds to minutes. The significance of these low-frequency components in healthy as well as pathological states of human physiology is getting more and more attention not only in scientific research but also in clinical applications. In this paper, we present our novel multimodal measurement setup for simultaneously investigating DC potential shifts in EEG (DC-EEG) and the changes in noninvasive transcutaneous pCO2 measurements. We present preliminary results of our measurements during hyperventilation and apnea, which are two commonly used activation methods for changes in pCO2.
Visualization of platelet deposition in a flow chamber
Authors: Esslinger Isabell , Schulz Isabell , Bierewirtz Tim , Lommel Michael , Kertzscher Ulrich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The formation of thrombi is still a challenge when it comes to ventricular assist devices (VADs). This can be caused by the subsequent deposition of proteins and platelets on foreign surfaces. In VADs, the blood contacting components are mainly made of titanium alloys due to hemocompatible properties and corrosion resistance. However, surfaces where mechanical contact of the rotor and the stator occur like bearing areas of axial VADs require high wear resistance due to the greater potential of scratches. Therefore, an in vitro test bench to optically investigate the deposition of fluorescent labelled platelets on the protein layer of different surfaces is hereby presented, aiming to investigate the potential for thrombi formation of five different inorganic hard material coatings on titanium. The coating materials included Titanium Nitride (TiN), Titanium Niobium Nitride (TiNbN), Diamond-Like Carbon (Ionbond-Medthin-43 (DLCI) and Oerlikon Balimed A (DLCO)) and Wolfram Carbid Oerlikon Balimed C (WC). Uncoated titanium (Ti) was investigated as reference. Heparinized human whole blood was incubated with Mepacrine (fluorescent dye) and then pumped through a flow chamber with defined shear rate conditions over the samples. The adhered platelets were visualized via inverted fluorescence microscopy. The analyzation of the green values and the binary image of the generated fluorescent picture offers conclusions about the platelet accumulation and the percentage of the covered surface area, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant lower potential for platelet deposition for TiN compared to Ti and no significant differences for the rest. It can be concluded that none of these coatings have a higher potential for platelet deposition than Ti and therefore point towards suitability for blood contacting components.
The influence of PEGDA’s molecular weight on its mechanical properties in the context of biomedical applications
Authors: Rekowska Natalia , Arbeiter Daniela , Seitz Hermann , Mau Robert , Riess Alexander , Eickner Thomas , Grabow Niels , Teske Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hydrogels are 3D polymeric networks, which exhibit properties such as softness, viscoelasticity and their ability to absorb large amounts of water. These characteristics make them exceptionally suitable in biomedicine as e.g. tissue scaffolds, drug delivery systems, wound dressings or contact lenses. One of these hydrogels is the biocompatible, hydrophilic and photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). It is used in different biomedical applications due to its tunable mechanical characteristics. In our study, the mechanical properties of different PEGDA hydrogel compositions with variyng molecular masses and contents of water/methanol, were investigated. Different compositions containing 20 m%, 30 m% or 40 m% of PEGDA4K(4,000 g/mol), PEGDA10K(10,000 g/mol) or PEGDA20K(20,000 g/mol) in ultrapure water/methanol (1:2) were produced. Dumbbell-shaped samples were prepared in molds via photopolymerization in a UV chamber. Lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) was used as photoinitiator (0.5% w/w). The mechanical testing was performed using a uniaxial testing system. The obtained results showed averagely 78% higher tensile strength (σmax) values for 30 m% and 40 m% samples in comparison with 20 m% samples for all of the tested polymers. PEGDA20K30 m% samples showed the highest σmax among all of the samples with 12.8 MPa. All of the PEGDA20K samples exhibited the highest elongation at break (εB) values (up to 958%), whereas the lowest values were found for PEGDA4K(up to 105%). The obtained stress-strain curves for most of the samples were typical for deformable, amorphous polymers with a deformation upon reaching a critical stress point. The PEGDA materials showed variable mechanical characteristics according to changing molecular mass or polymer concentration. These promising results showed that it should be possible to compose scaffolds with desired mechanical stability according to the needed application.