bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the implications for the post-pandemic Caribbean cruise industry?
Authors: Ajagunna Ibrahim , Ilori Matthew Olusoji , McLean Eron 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the theme issue was to enable cruise ship owners and destination governments to critically assess the viability, vulnerability and responsiveness of Caribbean cruise tourism in the context of the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis concluding article uses content analysis to re-visit the contributions made to assessing the impact of the pandemic and the implications for Caribbean cruise tourism.FindingsGovernments across the Caribbean will need to re-think how they work with the cruise industry in a more cohesive and integrated way. This initiative is likely to result in the Caribbean having greater latitude in negotiations with the major cruise conglomerates that control over 80% of the industry in the region. Close attention must also be paid to improving local infrastructure and to facilitating the involvement of local people in providing tourists with an authentic Caribbean experience.Practical implicationsThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the Caribbean region. In common with the rest of the world, island destinations had to close their borders to mitigate the impact of the virus and as tourism-dependent locations, this has had financial consequences. At present, there is no end in sight, and it is difficult to predict when Caribbean cruise tourism will ever return to pre-pandemic levels.Social implicationsCOVID-19 has shown the world that we are all dependent on each other and that greater collaboration is needed to re-open the cruise industry. The pandemic has also shown that rapid technological development is needed to drive change. Further, it can be argued that technology will enable all stakeholders to coordinate their responses, together with support from governments across the Caribbean.Originality/valueThis theme issue explored the impact of COVID-19 on cruise tourism in the Caribbean and it proposes factors to mitigate re-occurrence. The proposals contained in this theme issue provide a guide to help enable governments in the Caribbean region to re-position their respective countries in response to the pandemic and related socio-economic impacts.
Wildlife roadkill and COVID‐19: A biologically significant, but heterogeneous, reduction
Authors: Pokorny Boštjan , Cerri Jacopo , Bužan Elena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Collisions with vehicles are a major cause of wildlife mortality. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, many countries enforced lockdowns that reduced vehicular traffic and consequently wildlife‐vehicle collisions. However, no study has yet explored how traffic‐related mortality declined across multiple species of wildlife, leaving doubts about the species‐specific impact of COVID‐19 on wildlife ecology and management.

We modelled how two lockdowns (in spring and autumn 2020) influenced wildlife‐vehicle collisions throughout Slovenia, in central Europe, by comparing weekly roadkill in 2020 with 2010–2019 time series for European roe deer (n = 53,259), red fox (n = 9,889), Eurasian badger (n = 5,170), brown hare (n = 5,050), stone marten (n = 4,267), wild boar (n = 1,188) and red deer (n = 1,088).

During the spring lockdown (16 March–30 April 2020), we observed far fewer collisions than expected for roe deer and badgers. During the autumn lockdown (20 October–31 December 2020), we observed significantly fewer collisions for roe deer and wild boar, but we noted an excess of collisions with badgers. Traffic reduction had a major influence on roe deer, whose roadkill decreased between 156 and 321 individuals.

Heterogeneous changes in road mortality across the seven studied species indicate that reductions in human mobility can trigger complex species‐specific dynamics in wildlife assemblages, which may generate compensatory effects beyond lockdowns.

For some species, such as roe deer, local reductions in the number of roadkill attained a significant fraction of the overall mortality. This could affect local population dynamics in cases where lockdowns are repeated over a number of years.

Policy implications. Management aimed at reducing vehicular traffic, and therefore human disturbance and roadkill, can be evaluated using time‐series analysis of data on multiple species. During times of restricted human movement, local‐scale reductions should be estimated and accounted for in adaptive management, such as for planning culling quotas, to minimize their ecological and socio‐economic impacts while optimizing the outcomes of science‐based population management.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals different adaptation mechanisms for degradation of very long‐chain and normal long‐chain alkanes in Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b
Authors: Xu Hong‐Xiu , Tang Yue‐Qin , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao‐Lei 
Published: February 2022

SummaryHydrocarbon‐degrading bacteria typically metabolize a broad range of alkane substrates, but global metabolic characteristics of strains growing on alkane substrates in different chain lengths remain unclear. In this study, we analysed the transcriptional profiles of a hydrocarbon degrading bacterium, Dietzia sp. DQ12‐45‐1b, during growth on octacosane (C28), hexadecane (C16) and glucose as the sole carbon sources. Our results highlight that C16 and C28 induced common genes of core alkane degradation pathways in DQ12‐45‐1b, whereas transcriptional patterns of genes related to lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, biomass synthesis, and metal ion transportation were distinct. In addition, the transcriptional differences of genes related to glyoxylate shunt (GS) as well as growth phenotypes of mutant strain with defects in GS demonstrated that GS is essential for C16 degradation, though it is dispensable for C28 degradation in DQ12‐45‐1b. These results demonstrate that DQ12‐45‐1b cells exhibited considerable metabolic flexibility by using various mechanisms during growth on alkane substrates in different chain lengths. This study advances our knowledge of microbial hydrocarbon degradation and provides valuable information for the application of alkane‐degrading bacteria in bioremediation and microbial enhanced oil recovery.
Biosolids for safe land application: does wastewater treatment plant size matters when considering antibiotics, pollutants, microbiome, mobile genetic elements and associated resistance genes?
Authors: Wolters Birgit , Hauschild Kristin , Blau Khald , Mulder Ines , Heyde Benjamin Justus , Sørensen Søren J. , Siemens Jan , Jechalke Sven , Smalla Kornelia , Nesme Joseph 
Published: February 2022

SummarySoil fertilization with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) biosolids is associated with the introduction of resistance genes (RGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and potentially selective pollutants (antibiotics, heavy metals, disinfectants) into soil. Not much data are available on the parallel analysis of biosolid pollutant contents, RG/MGE abundances and microbial community composition. In the present study, DNA extracted from biosolids taken at 12 WWTPs (two large‐scale, six middle‐scale and four small‐scale plants) was used to determine the abundance of RGs and MGEs via quantitative real‐time PCR and the bacterial and archaeal community composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Concentrations of heavy metals, antibiotics, the biocides triclosan, triclocarban and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were measured. Strong and significant correlations were revealed between several target genes and concentrations of Cu, Zn, triclosan, several antibiotics and QACs. Interestingly, the size of the sewage treatment plant (inhabitant equivalents) was negatively correlated with antibiotic concentrations, RGs and MGEs abundances and had little influence on the load of metals and QACs or the microbial community composition. Biosolids from WWTPs with anaerobic treatment and hospitals in their catchment area were associated with a higher abundance of potential opportunistic pathogens and higher concentrations of QACs.
The Three Colorado Rivers: Hydrologic, Infrastructural, and Economic Flows of Water in a Shared River Basin
Authors: Rushforth Richard R. , Zegre Nicolas P. , Ruddell Benjamin L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Colorado River Basin is a hydrologic river network that directs runoff from rain and snow falling on mountains, primarily in Colorado and Wyoming, to the Colorado River Delta in Mexico. Over the last century, in response to basin‐wide water shortages, legal agreements between stakeholders in seven U.S. states and Mexico, hydrologic flows from users on the main stem of the river have been reallocated to junior water rights holders. Municipalities, businesses, farmers, and households utilize the Colorado River water to produce and trade valuable, water‐derived goods and services, which effectively reallocates water through a continually adapting, boundary‐free economic river network providing indirect access to "virtual" Colorado River water. We conceptualize the Colorado River Basin as a multiplex network comprised of interdependent natural flow networks, direct (infrastructural) flow networks, and indirect (virtual) flow networks. Using this reframing, we quantify the total hydrosocial impact of the Drought Contingency Plan (DCP) on Lower Basin states. For each Mm3 of water reduced through the DCP, Arizona, Nevada, and California lose an additional 0.42–0.43 Mm3, 0.33–0.51 Mm3, and 1.06–1.10 Mm3 of virtual water flow, respectively. Hence, the DCP will require Arizona, Nevada, and Southern California to restructure how they use water, relying less on direct and indirect consumption of the Colorado River water and finding more indirect water sources outside that basin.
Geochronology, Geochemistry and Sr‐Nd‐Hf Isotopes of Early–Middle Triassic Adakitic Plutons in Central‐eastern Jilin Province, NE China: Constraints on the Non‐synchronous Closure of Paleo‐Asian Ocean
Authors: SHI Chenglong , DING Xiaozhong , ZHOU Xiaodong , NIE Lijun , ZHANG Jibiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Changchun–Yanji suture zone (CYSZ) in NE China is considered as the suture between the North China Craton (NCC) and Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The geochronology, geochemistry and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopes of Early–Middle Triassic adakitic plutions from the CYSZ, are presented in this paper to discuss their petrogenesis and tectonic setting, as well as to constrain the timing and style of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean's final closure. In Early Triassic, the Dayushan pluton (ca. 250 Ma) from western CYSZ has negativeεNd(t) values, bidirectional provenances (NCC and CAOB) ofεHf(t), which are formed in a collision tectonic setting. In contrast, in eastern CYSZ, the early Triassic samples in Liangshan (ca. 242 Ma) were high Mg#values, positiveεNd(t), single provenances (CAOB) ofεHf(t) resulting from a subduction setting. In the Middle Triassic, the A‐type granites in western CYSZ are found in previous studies representing a post‐collisional extensional environment, whereas syn‐collisional Lianyanfeng granites (ca. 237 Ma) in eastern CYSZ with lowISr and large scaleεNd(t) andεHf(t) values from bidirectional provenances (NCC and CAOB), represent a collisional setting. The Paleo‐Asian Ocean's occurred in a scissor‐like fashion along the CYSZ during the Triassic period.
Early Diagenetic Dolomite as a Potential Archive of Paleo‐redox Fluctuations in an Early Tonian Marine Basin?
Authors: KANG Junyao , LI Chenqing , DONG Lin , XIAO Shuhai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Tonian Period witnessed important environmental changes and critical evolutionary innovations. Published iron speciation data suggest a global redox transition of mid‐depth seawaters from euxinic to ferruginous in early Tonian, but details of this transition remain unknown. This study explores Tonian stromatolitic carbonates as a possible archive of paleoenvironmental changes, through the investigation of dolomitic limestones and dolostones associated with stromatolites of the Weiji Formation in the Huaibei region of North China. Three types of dolomitization are recognized on the basis of petrographic and geochemical data. Type I and II dolomitization resulted in dolomitic limestones characterized by LREE depletions, MREE enrichments, positive yttrium anomalies, and a lack of europium anomalies, indicating early diagenetic dolomitization, possibly in the iron reduction zone and under the influence of bottom seawater. The lack of cerium anomalies in these carbonates suggests anoxia in shallow marine environments. The coexistence of ferroan/non‐ferroan dolomite crystals and overgrowth bands is interpreted as possible evidence for rapid fluctuations between iron‐rich and iron‐depleted conditions in pore‐waters or seawaters. In contrast, type III dolomitization resulted in pervasively dolomitized stromatolitic carbonates and likely represents late diagenetic processes. This study highlights the potential of early diagenetic dolomite as an archive for paleoenvironmental investigations.
Repeated Wildfires in the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation (Aalenian and Bajocian Ages) in Northwestern China
Authors: HOU Haihai , SHAO Longyi , LIANG Guodong , TANG Yue , ZHANG Huajie , ZHANG Jiaqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe coal‐bearing strata in the southern Junggar Basin in northwestern China have recently attracted the attention of coal geologists. Its abundance of coal resources is of great interest as there is a potential of unlocking details about the palaeoclimatic information. Coal deposits have the capacity to record wildfire events, even those with inefficient combustions. To characterize wildfire events and palaeoclimatic history of the Middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation (Aalenian and Bajocian ages), 22 coal samples from borehole cores and coal mines in the southern Junggar Basin were collected and their macerals were analyzed. The results indicated that fusinite and semi‐fusinite were the dominant components of inertinite with proportions of 35.27% and 54.67%, respectively. The presence of inertinite is an indicator that wildfires occurred at the time of peat land development, and the widespread occurrence suggests large scale wildfires during the Middle Jurassic. This study proposes a new parameter for the evaluation of wildfire features by combining burning frequency and burning temperature. The comprehensive evaluation index (CEI) was influenced by the lacustrine basin level and ancient plant types from a sequence framework. During the Middle Jurassic, most wildfires were surface fires with low level and ground fire with high level. High oxygen levels were estimated in the lower, middle, and upper members of the Xishanyao Formation with corresponding to 26.78%, 24.55%, and 23.55%, respectively. The high oxygen levels would be the primary cause of repeated wildfires in the Middle Jurassic. These results are helpful for understanding palaeoclimatic changes in the Middle Jurassic.
State‐space models for ecological time‐series data: Practical model‐fitting
Authors: Newman Ken , King Ruth , Elvira Víctor , de Valpine Perry , McCrea Rachel S. , Morgan Byron J. T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractState‐space models are an increasingly common and important tool in the quantitative ecologists’ armoury, particularly for the analysis of time‐series data. This is due to both their flexibility and intuitive structure, describing the different individual processes of a complex system, thus simplifying the model specification step.State‐space models are composed of two processes (a) the system (or state) process that describes the dynamics of the true underlying state of the system over time; and (b) the observation process that links the observed data with the current true state of the system at that time. Specification of the general model structure consists of considering each distinct ecological process within the system and observation processes, which are then automatically combined within the state‐space structure.There is typically a trade‐off between the complexity of the model and the associated model‐fitting process. Simpler model specifications permit the application of simpler model‐fitting tools; whereas more complex model specifications, with nonlinear dynamics and/or non‐Gaussian stochasticity often require more sophisticated model‐fitting algorithms to be applied.We provide a brief overview of general state‐space models before focusing on the different model‐fitting tools available. In particular for different general state‐space model structures we discuss established model‐fitting tools that are available. We also offer practical guidance for choosing a specific fitting procedure.
Are price limits cooling off agricultural futures markets?
Authors: He Xinyue , Serra Teresa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the past few years, the lean hog and live cattle futures markets have experienced significantly heightened volatility and frequent limit moves. In this paper, we study whether price limits help resolve uncertainty and facilitate liquidity provision in the two markets and how they affect trading in the limit‐free options market. In contrast to previous literature that is based on daily data, we use intraday futures and options data from 2014 to 2019 that allows for a better characterization of market behavior around limit moves. Consistent with microstructure theories, we find that price limits neither reduce volatility nor improve liquidity. Instead, they add to the high uncertainty that precedes the limit move, leading to significantly higher volatility and lower liquidity when trading resumes. Further, contrary to the notion that trading migrates to the limit‐free options market, options volume drops and liquidity drains during limit moves. The options‐implied futures price is only a biased, inefficient, and highly noisy estimate of the equilibrium futures price on locked‐limit days. Overall, the findings suggest that rather than allowing the markets to cool off, price limits adversely affect market quality in presence of large price movements.
Periprosthetic fracture as a late mode of failure of the Anatomique Benoist Girard II femoral prosthesis
Authors: Mulford Jonathan S. , Mathew Ronnie , Penn David , Cuthbert Alana R. , De Steiger Richard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe Anatomique Benoist Girard (ABG) II femoral implant was a commonly used stem for primary total hip replacement (THR) at our institution (Launceston, Tasmania Australia). We identified peri‐prosthetic fracture as the main cause of late failure.MethodsThe late periprosthetic fracture rate for ABG II implants was reviewed with national statistics, using Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) data. National revision rates for periprosthetic fracture were used to compare ABG II with all other cementless femoral stems.ResultABG II stems accounted for 1% (2719 implants) of all femoral stem implants in Australia during the 12‐year review period, compared to 23% (587 implants) in Launceston Hospitals. Although the Launceston cumulative percent revision rate for the ABG II stem was lower than the National rate at all time points, the reasons for revision were similar. The most common reason for revision of ABG II was fracture (56.8%), followed by loosening (15.3%). This differs from the reasons for revision in other cementless prostheses (loosening 23.9%, fracture 20.8%, dislocation 18.7%). Cumulative percent revision rates from late periprosthetic fracture, were higher for the ABG II stem than other cementless femoral prostheses.ConclusionThis review of the AOANJRR has confirmed a local and national higher revision rate of the ABG II stem due to late periprosthetic fracture compared with other cementless stems. Stem design must be considered to reduce the risk of late periprosthetic fracture.
Materials used for mastoid obliteration and its complications: a systematic review
Authors: Choong Keith Wai Keong , Kwok Matthew Ming Kei , Shen Yi , Gerard Jean‐Marc , Teh Bing Mei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of this review are to identify the types of materials with their associated complications and respective considerations when used to obliterate the mastoid cavity.MethodsA systematic search was performed across PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases from January 2009 to January 2020 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies of patients that underwent mastoid obliteration. Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were screened and scored according to the MINORS and relevance scores to determine final inclusion. Types of complications were grouped into minor and major complications based on the Clavien‐Dindo classification.ResultsTwo thousand five hundred and seventy‐eight ears were evaluated. There were a total of 165 (7.9%) minor and 142 (6.8%) major complications in the autologous group. Overall complication rate is 14.8%. The major complications were largely recurrent and residual disease requiring revision surgery. There were 10 (18.5%) minor complications and three (5.6%) major complications in the allogenic group. The cumulative complications risk is 24%. For the synthetic group, there were 39 (8.0%) minor and 34 (7.6%) major complications. The cumulative complication rate is 16.6%.ConclusionCurrent evidence on materials for mastoid obliteration has been evolving. Each material has its strengths and limitations. The trend over the last decade favours the use of autologous materials. The principle of using a material remains being cautious of not reimplanting skin that can lead to the development of a cholesteatoma. The choice of materials is dependent on patient factors as well as the surgeons' preference and experience.
Outcomes by cannulation methods for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during COVID‐19: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Saeed Omar , Stein Louis H. , Cavarocchi Nicolas , Tatooles Antone J. , Mustafa Asif , Jorde Ulrich P. , Alvarez Chikezie , Gluck Jason , Saunders Paul , Abrol Sunil , De Anda Abe , Goldstein Daniel J. , Silvestry Scott 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo determine if a cannulation method for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) is related to patient outcome.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter study of adult patients (≥18 years old) placed on V‐V ECMO for severe respiratory failure due to COVID‐19 between March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Patients were divided into the following three groups based on the initial cannulation method: (1) femoral vein‐femoral vein or femoral vein‐internal jugular vein (dual‐site, C‐DS), (2) single, dual‐lumen cannula in internal jugular vein with tip positioned in the pulmonary artery (C‐PA), and (3) single, dual‐lumen cannula in internal jugular vein with tip positioned in the inferior vena cava (C‐IVC). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality assessed by a time‐to‐event analysis.ResultsOverall, 435 patients from 17 centers comprised the study cohort. C‐DS was performed in 247 (57%, age: 49, IQR:39–57 years; 30% female) cases, 99 (23%, age: 53, IQR: 42–59 years; 26% female) received C‐PA, and 89 (20%) patients got C‐IVC (age: 46, IQR 35–54; 33% female). At 90‐days, in‐hospital mortality was 60% (C‐DS), 41% (C‐PA), and 61% (C‐IVC), p = 0.06. After adjustment for clinical characteristics, the likelihood of in‐hospital mortality in comparison to C‐DS, was lower with C‐PA (aHR: 0.52, 95%CI 0.32–0.85, p = 0.009) and similar with C‐IVC (aHR: 0.96, 95%CI 0.63–1.47, p = 0.86).ConclusionCatheter‐directed flow into the PA bypassing the right ventricle with a single dual‐lumen cannula is associated with reduced mortality during V‐V ECMO for COVID‐19. These findings are limited by residual confounding and site‐clustering. Further investigation is urgently warranted with randomized studies.