bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Wadhwan Vijay , Bansal Vishal 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cutaneous malignancy which is exclusively observed on sun exposed and hair bearing areas of the face.

Diagnosis:
We report two rare cases of basal cell carcinoma, which presented as a diagnostic challenge because of rare histopathology.

Findings:
Both cases showed pigmentation, while one case resembled adenoid cystic carcinoma because of the glandular and ductal pattern of basaloid cells.

Result:
We present these cases because of rare histopathologic presentation.
Facio-Odontometric Analysis in Mass Disaster Victim Identification - A Novel Approach
Authors: Sriraman Rajkumari , Dev Monica 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Forensic dentistry is an evolving field in legal medicine. In mass disasters, the co-mingled body parts can be misplaced; however, the intervention by dental experts can efficiently sort out the dispute. Understanding the fact that, rule of phi applies to all that exists in nature, in the present study, we aimed to correlate the Total Maxillary Arch Perimeter with the Total Body Height of an individual in cases scenarios where only the skull along with maxilla is the only leftover remains of the unidentified.

Material and Methods:
An observational study was designed involving ninety subjects comprising 45 males and 45 females of age 25 to 30 years for the following parameters. Total Body Height (TBH) was measured in centimetres using anthropometric rod. Total Facial Height (TFH) was then measured from nasion to gnathion using digital vernier caliper. Total Maxillary Arch Perimeter (TMAP) was measured from the maxillary arch model cast using digital vernier caliper.

Results:
The Total Maxillary Arch perimeter has significant positive correlation with Total Body Height as well as Total Facial Height of an individual. The regression equation was positively established for the prediction of Total Body Height from the known Total Maxillary Arch Perimeter as Total Body Height = 80.91762 + 0.718777 (Total Maxillary Arch Perimeter).

Conclusion:
The Total Maxillary Arch Perimeter can be used as a predictive tool in estimating the Total Body Height of the individual where the skeletal remains of the skull along with maxilla is only present.
Diagnostic Efficiency of Methylene Blue and Lugol's Iodine Double Staining Method in Oral Leukoplakia in Detecting Dysplasia
Authors: Sharma Dheeraj , Konidena Aravinda , Sharma Alpna 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
Early detection of dysplasia in oral potentially malignant disorders (PMD) might facilitate screening for possible subsequent malignant transformation. Vital staining is a non-invasive clinical adjunct used for determining the biopsy site, which facilitates early detection of dysplastic changes in PMD. Some authors suggested that double staining method has superior results over staining with a single dye.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of in vivo staining with methylene blue (MB) and Lugol's iodine (LI) double staining method in comparison with MB staining alone.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty patients of oral leukoplakia were recruited for the study. After obtaining written informed consent from the patients, the lesions were stained consecutively with 5% MB and 3% LI. The pattern of dye retention of MB alone, followed by MB and LI was noted. Incisional biopsy from the lesion was taken based on the retention of MB and the absence of staining of LI or by clinical judgement in case both stains were not retained. The clinical uptake of the stains was correlated with the degree of dysplasia on histopathological examination.

Results:
Out of 50 subjects, MB was retained in 47 cases (94%), while 3 cases (6%) failed to retain the dye. However, out of 47 cases, 20 cases had dark blue stain and were considered as MB positive, while the rest 27 cases had pale blue stain and were considered to be negative for MB staining. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) of MB staining were 57.82%, 100%, 100%, 26.53% and 46%, respectively. After applying both stains, i.e., double staining method, the outline of the lesion was better defined. Out of 50 PMD cases, 3 patients retained only LI and showed no dysplasia. Out of 47 cases which showed dysplasia, 27 cases showed pale blue retention of MB (-) and also were negative for LI. The rest 20 cases were positive for MB but negative for LI. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV with double staining technique were 100%.

Conclusion:
The accuracy and reliability of double staining method was superior to MB staining.

Clinical Relevance:
Increased accuracy of double staining method aids in better detection of dysplasia and is of great help to the clinician in deciding the nature of PMD in question.
Estimation of IZOD Impact Strength between Different Concentrations of Chitosan-Reinforced Denture Base Resins
Authors: Chander N. Gopi , Jayaraman Venkatraman 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is an universally acceptable denture base material. Efforts are made to increase the applications with the addition of new constituents. Chitosan has established antifungal properties. The mechanical properties of Chitosan–denture base composite is less evaluated in the literature. This study estimates the differences in impact strength of material for different concentrations of chitosan-reinforced denture base resins.

Aim:
The study estimated the differences in IZOD impact strength of denture base resin reinforced with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of chitosan by weight.

Materials and Methods:
The acrylic samples were fabricated in according to ISO 180 regulations. The study had four test groups (n = 10). ACh0 was the control group with no reinforcements. ACh5, ACh10 and ACh15 had chitosan reinforcement of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The samples were processed by conventional heat polymerization cycle and tested in IZOD impact testing machine. The data were recorded and statistically analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results:
The mean impact strength was high in ACh5 (4.25 ± 1.05 kJ/m2) compared to ACh0 (2.88 ± 0.60 kJ/m2), ACh10 (3.63 ± 0.40 kJ/m2), ACh15 (3.38±0.60 KJ/m2). Statistically significant differences between the test groups was determined by Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Bonferroni test (Chi-square = 12.843, P = .005, df = 3).

Conclusion:
The impact strength of denture base resin increased with 5% chitosan compared with other percentage of chitosan. No statistical significant relationship was observed between the groups.
Comparative Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Two Adhesive Materials on Demineralized Dentin Treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride
Authors: John J Baby , Gainneos Pradeep D. , Mathew Basil M. , Bharath C , Duraisamy Vinola 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common diseases in the children of developing countries, affecting their oral health-related quality of life. From an economic perspective, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) can limit the progression of active carious lesions.

Aims:
To estimate and compare the loss of shear bond strength among two adhesive materials on SDF-treated demineralized primary teeth dentin.

Settings and Design:
Laboratory setting and in-vitro study design.

Methods and Material:
For the in-vitro study, 40 primary teeth indicated for extraction were selected. The demineralization solution was 5% nitric acid. The samples were divided into four groups, Group 1 – GIC Type IX, Group 2 – Self-etch (SE) adhesive + G-Aenial Universal Flo, Group 3 – SDF + GIC Type IX, and Group 4 – SDF + SE adhesive + G-Aenial Universal Flo.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance with Tukey's Post hoc test.

Results:
The shear bond strength of GC G-Aenial Universal Flo (18.8165 ± 13.0448 MPa) found to be superior to GIC (5.7845 ± 1.8968 MPa). However, bond strength was significantly reduced with GC G-Aenial Universal Flo (34.0441 ± 14.1949/18.8165 ± 13.0448 MPa) compared to GIC (7.7956 ± 2.2804/5.7845 ± 1.8968 MPa) following the application of SDF.

Conclusions:
It was concluded that SE adhesive + GC G-Aenial Universal Flo is the material with better shear bond strength compared to GIC Type IX with and without SDF. Considering the severity and prevalence of ECC, socioeconomic strata of Indian population, the choice of material for masking the discoloration, and prevention of disease, GIC can be suggested as an alternative over GC G-Aenial Universal Flo.
Oral Health Indicators of Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Indian Elderly
Authors: Marya Charu Mohan , Grover Harpreet Singh , Tandon Shourya , Gupta Anil , Nagpal Ruchi , Taneja Pratibha 
Published: March 2022

Aim:
To assess the impact of tooth loss and periodontal status on oral health related quality of life among Indian elderly.

Methodology:
This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 1200 elderly subjects of Faridabad district of Haryana. Study subjects were selected by a combination of systematic, cluster and multistage sampling techniques. The data were collected through a clinical oral examination for tooth loss and periodontal status assessment (WHO Oral Health Survey 2013) and a self-administered questionnaire to assess the OHRQoL. Dental behaviours such as dental visiting patterns, tobacco chewing habits and oral hygiene practices were also recorded.

Results:
In bivariate analysis significant associations were found among age, gender, education, tooth mobility and Oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). Multivariate logistic regression showed significant impact of number of missing teeth and mobility on OHRQoL (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The conclusions derived from this study are of considerable importance for Indian policy makers in their work with planning and implementing public oral health strategies for geriatric population.
Resin Infiltration and Remineralization Interventions in Management of Moderate Dental Fluorosis
Authors: Singhania Shreepriya , Nandlal B. , Shanbhog Raghavendra , Veeramani Ragavee 
Published: March 2022

Context:
Aesthetic concerns due to dental fluorosis (DF) considerably impact pyschosocial health in young children and requires aesthetic microinvasive treatment.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to use quantitative light-induced fluorescence to evaluate two intervention protocols: microabrasion with resin infiltration and microabrasion with remineralization and assess which brings about more fluorescence gain; better colour masking and greater patient satisfaction among subjects with dental fluorosis.

Methods and Material:
120 maxillary central incisors with Grade 3 DF (Dean's Fluorosis Index) were randomly distributed into four groups: I-microabrasion + resin infiltration (fluorosis with stains); II-microabrasion + remineralization (fluorosis with stains); III-microabrasion + resin infiltration (fluorosis without stains); IV-microabrasion + remineralization (fluorosis without stains). At baseline, post-microabrasion and post-intervention Quantitative light-induced fluorescent images were captured. Fluorescence gain (ΔF) was analysed from the blue light images. The white light images were used to evaluate post intervention colour difference (ΔE = [(ΔL*) 2+(Δa*) 2+(Δb*) 2]1/2) and child satisfaction was evaluated.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Collected data was analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and Independent t-test.

Results:
Intra-group comparison of ΔF values showed statistically significant improvement in ΔF value in all the four groups (P < 0.001, 0.002). Inter-group comparison of ΔF values based on intervention showed statistically significant fluorescence gain (P < 0.004) indicating resin infiltration intervention being better than remineralization in unstained grade III fluorosis. The colour difference was statistically significantly better with resin infiltration in both stained and unstained Grade III DF (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Resin infiltration intervention showed better fluorescence gain and colour masking compared to remineralization intervention.
Postmastectomy breast reconstruction awareness and attitudes in Nigerian women with breast cancer
Authors: Michael Afieharo I. , Olawoye Olayinka A. , Ademola Samuel A. , Ugwu Ebere Osinachi , Sarimiye Foluke O. , Ayandipo Omobolaji O. , Aderibigbe Rotimi O. , Iyun Ayodele O. , Oluwatosin Odunayo M. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Sub-Saharan Africa has a high burden of breast cancer and very low rates of breast reconstruction. This study aimed to determine the awareness of and attitude to breast reconstruction among women with breast cancer who had mastectomy.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study of women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy was done. Participants were recruited from September 2020 to January 2021 from the surgical oncology and radio-oncology outpatient clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of awareness and attitudes to breast reconstruction. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Fifty-one women participated in the study. The mean age was 54.76 (+9.94) years. Most, 30 (58.8%) of them had tertiary level of education, were working, 39 (76.5%) and were married, 41 (80%). Funding for the mastectomies was mainly out-of-pocket 34 (66.7%). Most 37 (72.5%) were not aware that the breast could be reconstructed before their surgery and only one (1.96%) of the women had breast reconstruction. The reason most proffered for declining breast reconstruction was not wanting another surgery 13 (33.3%). The age (odds ratio [OR] 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.001–0.33), P = 0.006 of the participants and the educational status (OR 12.50, 95% CI 1.86–84.26), P = 0.009 were significant predictors of awareness of breast reconstruction. None of the variables were significant predictors of positive attitudes to breast reconstruction.

Conclusion:
There is a very low level of awareness of breast reconstruction. Younger age and tertiary education were significant predictors of awareness of breast reconstruction.
Knowledge, attitude, and prescribing practices of antimicrobials among doctors in the outpatient departments of Lagos university teaching hospital Idi-Araba
Authors: Akodu Babatunde , Bisola Raheem , Temitope Ladi-Akinyemi , Abdulrazzaq Lawal , Philip Oshun , Ibukunoluwa Baiyeroju , Patrick Orumbie , Olufunmilayo Olokodana-Adesalu , Ganiya Oyeleke , Chioma Osuagwu , Oyinlola Oduyebo 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Antimicrobial prescription becomes inappropriate when there is overprescribing, unsuitable dosage and when patients do not complete their treatments. In the outpatient settings, irrational prescription of antibiotics is more evident and has led to the development of resistance, adverse reactions, and increased health care costs. Understanding the knowledge, driving forces and practices of prescribing antibiotics is a step towards ensuring rational use of antibiotics. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of antimicrobial prescription among doctors in the outpatient departments of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted consecutively among 259 doctors in the outpatient departments of LUTH. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi info software version 7. The level of statistical significance was at P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean age of the respondents was 33.5 ± 6.9 years. Majority of the respondents were males (58.7%). One-third (39%) had between 6 and 10 years of work experience. One-fifth (20.8%) of the respondents were from the department of surgery. Almost all (98.8%) had an overall good knowledge of antibiotics. Majority, (95.4%) had a good attitude towards prescribing. Two-third (63%) requested for a laboratory test before prescribing. However, less than half (44.4%) prescribed based on guidelines and more than half (56.8%) had received trainings on antibiotics prescriptions. Two-third (63.7%) of the respondents had good prescribing practices. There was a statistically significant association between the years of work experience and knowledge of prescribing antibiotics (P = 0.036).

Conclusion:
Majority had good knowledge and positive attitude toward prescribing. The severity of infection, availability of the drug, cost of the drug, and clinical response of the patients were the major predictors of antimicrobial prescription of the respondents. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should be enhanced and antibiotic surveillance should be improved.
Role of folate metabolizing genes and homocysteine in mothers of Down syndrome children
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Kaur Anupam 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
Folates are essential nutrients required for the synthesis of DNA/RNA in cell division and segregation. Folates are reduced and methylated in the liver with the help of enzymes such as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), MTR MTRR, reduced folate carrier 1, and cystathionine-β-synthase. Variants in the genes encoding these enzymes may lead to hypomethylation, resulting in nondisjunction which in turn increases the risk for Down syndrome (DS). The present study was conducted to genotype these genes and to see their association with homocysteine levels.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 213 mothers having DS children and 220 mothers having normal children were enrolled in the study. Genomic DNA was isolated from lymphocytes followed by polymerase chain reaction/Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for genotyping. Homocysteine levels were checked by chemoassay utilizing coumarin-based fluorescent probe.

Results:
Genotypic frequency of MTHFR 1298 A > C polymorphism was significantly different among cases and controls (χ
2 = 5.83, P = 0.01), presence of C instead of A allele provided protection against DS in mothers (odds ratios = 0.57, 95% confidence interval = 0.35–0.91, P = 0.01). Higher levels of homocysteine were independently associated with the risk of having DS child (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Homocysteine acted as an independent risk factor in the present study and was not associated with folate metabolizing gene variants.
The procedure for applying a preventive measure in the form of house arrest
Authors: Пальчикова Н.В. 
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается соотношение понятий «применение домашнего ареста», «избрание домашнего ареста», «исполнение домашнего ареста», выделяются два этапа применения домашнего ареста в ходе расследования уголовного дела: избрание меры пресечения и исполнение меры пресечения. Также исследуются стадии избрания меры пресечения (досудебная и судебная), в процедуре исполнения меры пресечения делается попытка выделить четыре стадии: 1) подготовка органами предварительного расследования документов, необходимых для осуществления контроля за подозреваемым (обвиняемым); 2) постановка подозреваемого (обвиняемого) на учет в уголовно-исполнительной инспекции; 3) контроль за нахождением подозреваемого (обвиняемого) в месте исполнения меры пресечения в виде домашнего ареста; 4) снятие с учета подозреваемого (обвиняемого), в отношении которого избрана мера пресечения в виде домашнего ареста.
The article examines the relationship between the concepts "application of house arrest", "election of house arrest", "execution of house arrest", distinguishes two stages of execution house arrest in the course of a criminal investigation: the choice of a preventive measure and the execution of a preventive measure. The stages of choosing a preventive measure (pretrial and judicial) are also considered, an attempt is made to distinguish four stages in the procedure for executing a preventive measure: 1) preparation by the preliminary investigation bodies of documents necessary to exercise control over the suspected (accused); 2) registration of the suspected (accused) with the criminal executive inspectorate; 3) control over the presence of the suspected (accused) in the place of execution of the preventive measure in the form of house arrest; 4) removal from the register of a suspected (accused), of whom a measure of restraint in the form of house arrest has been chosen
Reflection on the content of a forensic definition "Counteraction to the investigation of crimes"
Authors: Кучин О.С. 
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируется криминалистическая дефиниция «противодействие расследованию преступлений». Отмечается, что действующий УПК РФ предоставляет стороне защиты довольно широкие права, позволяющие участвовать в объективном установлении всех обстоятельств расследуемого уголовного дела даже в том случае, если позиция защиты расходится с доводами обвинения. Однако в криминалистике в последние годы такие действия защиты стали восприниматься как противодействие расследованию преступлений. Автор аргументирует несостоятельность сложившегося подхода в криминалистической деятельности
The current Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation grants the defense party quite broad rights that allow it to participate in the objective establishment of all the circumstances of the criminal case under investigation, even if the defense position is fundamentally at odds with the prosecution's arguments. However in the forensic science, in recent years, such actions of defense have begun to be perceived as counteraction to the investigation of crimes. The author argues the inconsistency of the existing approach in forensic activity.
The importance of prognostic function in the development of modern fingerprinting
Authors: Соколова О.А. 
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается современное состояние дактилоскопии как наиболее разработанного в теоретическом в практическом плане направления исследований в судебной экспертизе. Научно-технический прогресс, характеризующийся непрерывным процессом развития науки, техники, появлением инновационных технологий, способствует возникновению многочисленных отраслей знания, включая дактилоскопию, что позволяет периодически пересматривать достижения и определять векторы дальнейшего движения. В связи с этим автор предлагает рассматривать прогностическую функцию в качестве одной из форм научного предвидения в дактилоскопии и обосновывает выделенные в дактилоскопии перспективные направления. Среди них, по мнению автора, помимо собственно дактилоскопического и интегрального (папилляроскопического) важное место отводится научно-техническому, связанному с разработкой новых средств, форм и методов, применяемых для выявления, фиксации, изъятия и исследования следов рук.
The article presents the current state of fingerprinting as the most developed in the theoretical and practical terms of research in forensic science. Scientific-technological progress characterized by a continuous process of development of science, technology, the emergence of innovative technologies contributes to the appearance of numerous branches of knowledge, including fingerprinting, which allows to periodically review achievements and determine the vectors of further development. In this regard the author proposes to consider the prognostic function as one of the forms of scientific foresight in fingerprinting and substantiates the promising directions identified in fingerprinting. Among them, according to the author’s opinion, in addition to the actual fingerprint and integral (papillaroscopic), an important place is given to the scientific-technical, associated with the development of new means, forms and methods used to identify, fix, remove and study handprints