bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The HIV Cascade of Care and Service Utilisation at Sex Work Programmes Among Female Sex Workers in South Africa
Authors: Jaffer Maya , Christofides Nicola , Hlongwane Khuthadzo , Otwombe Kennedy , Milovanovic Minja , Hopkins Kathryn L. , Matuludi Mokgadi , Mbowane Venice , Abdullah Fareed , Gray Glenda , Jewkes Rachel , Coetzee Jenny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFemale sex workers (FSWs) in South Africa experience a uniquely high prevalence of HIV. We describe the HIV cascade of care (CoC) in FSWs in South Africa, and explored service utilisation at sex work programmes. A cross-sectional, study enrolled FSWs across 12 sites in South Africa. Participants were recruited using chain-referral method. Inclusion criteria: ≥ 18 years, cis-gender female, sold/transacted in sex, HIV positive. 1862 HIV positive FSWs were enrolled. 92% were known positive, 87% were on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Of those on ART, 74% were virally suppressed. Younger FSWs were significantly less likely to be on ART or virally suppressed. Female sex workers using HIV services from specialised programs were 1.4 times more likely to be virally suppressed than non-program users. The pre-COVID-19 pandemic HIV CoC amongst FSWs in South Africa shows striking improvement from previous estimates, and approaches achievement of 90:90:90 goals.
Impaired Emotion Processing and Panic Disorder After Left Anterior Temporal Lobectomy: A Case Report of Successful Psychotherapeutic Intervention
Authors: Halder Theresa , Michl Petra , Flanagin Virginia , Schenk Thomas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOver the last decades, brain surgery became a more frequently applied treatment for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Despite its success, several studies found de-novo post-operative psychiatric symptoms in TLE surgery patients. Cognitive behavioural therapy is effective to treat brain healthy psychiatric patients but might not be translatable to patients with resections in emotion regulating networks as these areas seem to be essentially involved in successful psychotherapeutic treatment.MethodsHere we report the case of a female patient with medically refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy resulting in left anterior temporal lobectomy at age 35. Post operation she did not show adequate fearful response but at the same time manifested symptoms of a severe panic disorder. We investigated if this patient, despite lesions in emotion-behaviour brain circuits, can benefit from cognitive behavioural therapy.ResultsThe intervention, customized to the specific resources and difficulties of the patient, was effective in stopping panic attacks and improving social functioning.ConclusionsThis case shows that MTL brain surgery patients may benefit from CBT and demonstrates the important and if yet still somewhat mysterious role of the amygdala in emotion regulation processes.
A Reading Group for Science Educators: an Approach for Developing Personal and Collective Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Science Education
Authors: Cooper Rebecca , Fitzgerald Angela , Carpendale Jared 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReading, at its core, is a basic yet critical way to undertake learning and growth. This paper shares a professional learning and development initiative for science educators, which was underpinned by the popularity and premise of the reading group. In moving from simply being a vehicle for targeted discussion, the reading group facilitators sought to support the participants in taking a deeper dive into their practice with the impact ultimately being changes to their personal pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for science. This small-scale qualitative study was informed by the voices of three science educators at different stages and career trajectories, who participated in interviews. The data revealed that their participation in the reading group informed the development of their personal and collective PCK by (a) creating conditions that encouraged meaningful links to be made between theory and practice, (b) encouraging the adoption of an inquiry stance as a means for engaging purposively with professional knowledge, and (c) initiating a transformation in their contemporary understandings of science and science education. By drawing on the participants’ narratives, this study brings to the fore both the simplicity and depth of complexity that can be achieved through a reading group focused on professional learning and development. The implications of this research are wide reaching as the reading group as a concept can be applied to a variety of contexts and shaped to reach a variety of educational needs.
Formation of pure $$\tau$$-phase in Mn–Al–C by fast annealing using spark plasma sintering
Authors: Maccari F. , Aubert A. , Ener S. , Bruder E. , Radulov I. , Skokov K. , Gutfleisch O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mn–Al–C is intended to be one of the “gap magnets” with magnetic performance in-between ferrites and Nd-Fe-B. These magnets are based on the metastable ferromagnetic $$\tau$$
τ
-phase with L1$$_0$$

0

structure, which requires well controlled synthesis to prevent the formation of secondary phases, detrimental for magnetic properties. Here, we investigate the formation of $$\tau$$
τ
-phase in Mn–Al–C using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and compare with conventional annealing. The effect of SPS parameters (pressure and electric current) on the phase formation is also studied. Single $$\tau$$
τ
-phase is obtained for annealing 5 min at $$500~^\circ \hbox {C}$$

500

∘

C

with SPS. In addition, we show that the initial grain size of the $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
-phase is influencing the $$\tau$$
τ
-phase transformation and fraction at a given annealing condition, independently of the annealing method used. A faster transformation was observed for smaller initial $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
-grains. The samples obtained by SPS showed comparable magnetic properties with the conventional annealed ones, reaching coercivity of 0.18 T and saturation magnetization of 114 Am$$^2$$

2

/kg in the optimized samples. The similarity in coercivity is related to the microstructure, as we reveal the presence of structure defects like twin boundaries and dislocations in both materials.

Graphical abstract
Unique Ways in Which the Quality of Friendships Matter for Life Satisfaction
Authors: Kaufman Victor , Rodriguez Anthony , Walsh Lisa C. , Shafranske Edward , Harrell Shelly P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe quality of individuals’ social relationships consistently predicts greater well-being. But little is known about the relative importance of different relationship types for life satisfaction, including the relative importance of friendships compared to other types of relationships. Some have theorized that one intimate relationship is all you need. However, romantic partners, family, and friends may contribute uniquely or interactively to well-being. The current study assessed life satisfaction and relationship satisfaction in survey data collected from a large, diverse sample of respondents. Satisfaction with each type of relationship was significantly and independently associated with life satisfaction, over and above other variables in the model. Friendship (not family) interacted with intimate relationships: when respondents were highly satisfied with their intimate relationships, they were happy with their lives regardless of friendship quality. But when they were unhappy with their intimate relationships, they were only happy with their lives if they had good friends.
Analogue Models and Universal Machines. Paradigms of Epistemic Transparency in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Greif Hajo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe problem of epistemic opacity in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is often characterised as a problem of intransparent algorithms that give rise to intransparent models. However, the degrees of transparency of an AI model should not be taken as an absolute measure of the properties of its algorithms but of the model’s degree of intelligibility to human users. Its epistemically relevant elements are to be specified on various levels above and beyond the computational one. In order to elucidate this claim, I first contrast computer models and their claims to algorithm-based universality with cybernetics-style analogue models and their claims to structural isomorphism between elements of model and target system (in: Black, Models and metaphors, 1962). While analogue models aim at perceptually or conceptually accessible model-target relations, computer models give rise to a specific kind of underdetermination in these relations that needs to be addressed in specific ways. I then undertake a comparison between two contemporary AI approaches that, although related, distinctly align with the above modelling paradigms and represent distinct strategies towards model intelligibility: Deep Neural Networks and Predictive Processing. I conclude that their respective degrees of epistemic transparency primarily depend on the underlying purposes of modelling, not on their computational properties.
Warfarin dosing strategies evolution and its progress in the era of precision medicine, a narrative review
Authors: Fahmi Amr Mohamed , Elewa Hazem , El Jilany Islam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground For decades, vitamin K antagonists and specifically warfarin, have been the sole agents used orally to manage thromboembolic conditions, including stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Several factors lead to warfarin dose variability, including genetic and non-genetic factors which made warfarin management challenging especially at the initiation phase. To overcome the challenges with warfarin dosing at initiation, strategies other than conventional or fixed dosing were introduced and explored. Aim In this narrative review, we aim to discuss and critique the different dosing strategies for warfarin at initiation with more focus on genotype-guided warfarin dosing and the most recent supporting evidence for and against its use. Method Medline database was searched from 1965 to July 2021. Articles addressing different warfarin dosing methods were screened for inclusion. Results A number of methods exist for warfarin initiation. Studies comparing different dosing methods for initiation yielded conflicting outcomes due to differences in study design, population studied, comparator, and outcomes measured. Conclusions Looking at the big picture, the use of genetic dosing for warfarin initiation can lead to better outcomes. Whether these better outcomes are clinically or economically beneficial remains controversial.
Influence of short-term surface temperature dynamics on tree orchards energy balance fluxes
Authors: Ramírez-Cuesta Juan Miguel , Consoli Simona , Longo Domenico , Longo-Minnolo Giuseppe , Intrigliolo Diego S. , Vanella Daniela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLand surface temperature (LST) plays an essential role in developing and applying precision agriculture protocols, especially for calculating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) by surface energy balance (SEB) approaches; and for determining crop water status. However, LST is quite dependent on the meteorological conditions, which can rapidly vary. This variability, together with the limited meterological data acquisition frequency in most weather stations, can lead to the miscalculation of the SEB components, especially relevant when used for irrigation purposes.The present study assessed the temporal dynamic of LST in a very short period of time (20-minutes) through the acquisition of multiple thermal imagery. Additionally, a combination of SEB approach with Eddy Covariance technique was performed for quantifying the effect that LST variations have on the sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes.Even under steady meteorological conditions, temporal variations in LST of 3.5 and 4.0 K were observed for tree canopy and sunny bare soil surfaces, respectively. These LST oscillations reached values of about 7.8 and 17.9 K for tree canopies and bare soil when heterogeneous meteorological conditions were observed (i.e. cloud presence). Such LST differences translated into H and LE differences of about 26 and 19%, respectively; with variations up to 5 (for H) and 2.7 times (for LE) under fast-varying meteorological conditions.The obtained results suggest the necessity of acquiring thermal imagery when steady meteorological conditions exist or, otherwise, ensuring the collection of instantaneous meteorological data for applying post-processing corrections. This is of importance when incorporating the obtained ETc maps into precision irrigation protocols.
Are female scientists less inclined to publish alone? The gender solo research gap
Authors: Kwiek Marek , Roszka Wojciech 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn solo research, scientists compete individually for prestige, sending clear signals about their research ability, avoiding problems in credit allocation, and reducing conflicts about authorship. We examine to what extent male and female scientists differ in their use of solo publishing across various dimensions. This research is the first to comprehensively study the “gender solo research gap” among all internationally visible scientists within a whole national higher education system. We examine the gap through mean “individual solo publishing rates” found in “individual publication portfolios” constructed for each Polish university professor. We use the practical significance/statistical significance difference (based on the effect-sizercoefficient) and our analyses indicate that while some gender differences are statistically significant, they have no practical significance. Using a partial effects of fractional logistic regression approach, we estimate the probability of conducting solo research. In none of the models does gender explain the variability of the individual solo publishing rate. The strongest predictor of individual solo publishing rate is the average team size, publishing in STEM fields negatively affects the rate, publishing in male-dominated disciplines positively affects it, and the influence of international collaboration is negative. The gender solo research gap in Poland is much weaker than expected: within a more general trend toward team research and international research, gender differences in solo research are much weaker and less relevant than initially assumed. We use our unique biographical, administrative, publication, and citation database (“Polish Science Observatory”) with metadata on all Polish scientists present in Scopus (N = 25,463) and their 158,743 Scopus-indexed articles published in 2009–2018, including 18,900 solo articles.
Impacts of dietary supplementation with nano-iron and methionine on growth, blood chemistry, liver biomarkers, and tissue histology of heat-stressed broiler chickens
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Haidy G. , Alian Heba A. , Mahmoud Manal M. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 28-day study was done to explore the impact of nano-iron alone or combined with methionine on growth, blood chemistry, liver biomarkers, and tissue histology of heat-stressed chicken. One-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to three groups. Each group was divided into three replicates (13 chicks/replicate). The first group was the control one that was fed a basal diet without supplementation (T0). The second group was fed a basal diet with nano-iron 4 mg kg−1diet (T1). The third group was fed a basal diet with nano-iron 4 mg kg−1diet plus methionine 4 g kg−1diet (T2). The results showed that the birds in the control group had significantly (p < 0.05) higher final weights. Also, a partial relief of heat stress adverse effects was observed on growth by T1 compared to T2. The T2 showed a significantly increased (p < 0.05) free iron (Fe) level and transferrin saturation index. Likewise, T2 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin level in comparison with T0 and T1. Also, hepatic impairment and inflammatory response were observed in the T2 group when compared to T0 and T1, besides a bad lipid profile. Further, T2 showed raised levels of Fe and ferritin in their hepatic tissues compared to those T1 and T0. A significant increment of thiobarbituric acid reactive and decrement of reduced glutathione levels in the hepatic tissues of T2 and T1 versus T0 levels were recorded. It is concluded that nano-iron at the level of 4 mg kg−1in this study is highly absorbed, leading to harmful effects. Further investigations are needed to detect the proper supplemental level.
Senescent macrophages in the human adipose tissue as a source of inflammaging
Authors: Matacchione Giulia , Perugini Jessica , Di Mercurio Eleonora , Sabbatinelli Jacopo , Prattichizzo Francesco , Senzacqua Martina , Storci Gianluca , Dani Christian , Lezoche Giovanni , Guerrieri Mario , Giordano Antonio , Bonafè Massimiliano , Olivieri Fabiola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes and a trigger of chronic and systemic inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that an increased burden of senescent cells (SCs) in the adipose tissue of obese/diabetic animal models might underlie such pro-inflammatory phenotype. However, the role of macrophages as candidate SCs, their phenotype, the distribution of SCs among fat depots, and clinical relevance are debated. The senescence marker β-galactosidase and the macrophage marker CD68 were scored in visceral (vWAT) and subcutaneous (scWAT) adipose tissue from obese patients (n=17) undergoing bariatric surgery and control patients (n=4) subjected to cholecystectomy. A correlation was made between the number of SCs and BMI, serum insulin, and the insulin resistance (IR) index HOMA. The monocyte cell line (THP-1) was cultured in vitro in high glucose milieu (60 mM D-glucose) and subsequently co-cultured with human adipocytes (hMADS) to investigate the reciprocal inflammatory activation. In obese patients, a significantly higher number of SCs was observed in vWAT compared to scWAT; about 70% of these cells expressed the macrophage marker CD68; and the number of SCs in vWAT, but not in scWAT, positively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR, and insulin. THP-1 cultured in vitro in high glucose milieu acquired a senescent-like phenotype (HgSMs), characterized by a polarization toward a mixed M1/M2-like secretory phenotype. Co-culturing HgSMs with hMADS elicited pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in both cell types, and defective insulin signaling in hMADS. In morbid obesity, expansion of visceral adipose depots involves an increased burden of macrophages with senescent-like phenotype that may promote a pro-inflammatory profile and impair insulin signaling in adipocytes, supporting a framework where senescent macrophages fuel obesity-induced systemic inflammation and possibly contribute to the development of IR.
Macroeconomic dynamics under bounded rationality: on the impact of consumers’ forecast heuristics
Authors: Jang Tae-Seok , Sacht Stephen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper considers various types of forecast heuristics to examine the effects of boundedly rational agents on macroeconomic dynamics. Given the baseline New Keynesian model, we seek to find the expectation formation process that is most suitable in describing economic adjustments over the business cycle. In particular, impulse response analysis is used to compare the performances of the macroeconomic model under bounded rationality and under rational expectations. The results show that the fluctuations in consumer confidence mainly explain the degree of persistence in consumption. We conclude that a model under bounded rationality with a heuristic-induced switching process can qualitatively provide a good fit to the data that is equivalent to a model under rational expectations.
A pilot randomised control trial of the efficacy of stability-based training with visualisation for people with chronic ankle instability
Authors: Forsyth L. , Bonacci J. , Childs C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with recurring symptoms that inhibit daily activity. Stability-based rehabilitative training is recommended for CAI. Visualisation (VIS) produces real-time feedback using motion capture and virtual reality. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility, adherence, safety, and efficacy of incorporating VIS into stability training for people with CAI. Efficacy was examined through effect of VIS training on dynamic stability, perception of stability, and rehabilitative experience. Individuals with CAI completed a 4-week stability-based training programme with VIS, or without visualisation (NO-VIS). Participants completed the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) prior to, and after training. Enjoyment of training was recorded using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES-8). Of 17 participants (VIS = 10, NO-VIS = 7), there were 2 drop outs (VIS = 1, NO-VIS = 1). No adverse events were reported, and participant drop-out was due to injury unrelated to the study. The VIS group showed a significantly greater increase in average SEBT reach distance (d = 1.7, p = 0.02). No significant differences were reported for the CAIT or PACES-8. This study supports the feasibility and safety of stability-based training with VIS in those with CAI. The enhanced performance outcome on the SEBT suggests VIS may enhance stability-based training.
Graphical abstract
Dissecting the Neural Circuitry for Pain Modulation and Chronic Pain: Insights from Optogenetics
Authors: Guo Fang , Du Yu , Qu Feng-Hui , Lin Shi-Da , Chen Zhong , Zhang Shi-Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. The processing of pain involves complicated modulation at the levels of the periphery, spinal cord, and brain. The pathogenesis of chronic pain is still not fully understood, which makes the clinical treatment challenging. Optogenetics, which combines optical and genetic technologies, can precisely intervene in the activity of specific groups of neurons and elements of the related circuits. Taking advantage of optogenetics, researchers have achieved a body of new findings that shed light on the cellular and circuit mechanisms of pain transmission, pain modulation, and chronic pain both in the periphery and the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize recent findings in pain research using optogenetic approaches and discuss their significance in understanding the pathogenesis of chronic pain.
Cerebellar Grey Matter Volumes in Reactive Aggression and Impulsivity in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Wolfs Elze M. L. , Klaus Jana , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence point towards the involvement of the cerebellum in reactive aggression. In addition to the posterior cerebellar hemisphere, the vermis has been suggested to play a prominent role in impulse regulation. In the present study, we set out to further examine the relationships between cerebellar grey matter volumes, aggression, and impulsivity in 201 healthy volunteers. 3 T structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired to investigate grey matter volumes of the cerebellar vermis and the anterior and posterior lobules. Aggression was assessed with the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire and impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11. Results showed that impulsivity was positively associated with grey matter volumes of the cerebellar vermis and inversely correlated with grey matter volumes of the right posterior lobule. In addition, smaller volumes of the right posterior lobules were associated with higher physical aggression. Exploratory analyses indicated that for the right hemisphere, this association was driven by grey matter volumes of lobules VIIb and VIIIa. Our findings provide correlational evidence in healthy volunteers for the involvement of the cerebellar vermis and posterior lobules in a cortico-limbic-cerebellar circuit of aggression.