bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketamine in chronic pain: A Delphi survey
Authors: Voute Marion , Riant Thibault , Amodéo Jean‐Marie , André Gilbert , Barmaki Mario , Collard Olivier , Colomb Caroline , Créac’h Christelle , Deleens Rodrigue , Delorme Claire , de Montgazon Géraldine , Dixneuf Véronique , Dy Lénaïg , Gaillard Jacques , Gov Christian , Kieffer Xavier , Lanteri‐Minet Michel , Le Borgne Jean‐Marie , Le Caër Franck , Maamar Fadel , Maindet Caroline , Marcaillou Fabienne , Plantevin Frédéric , Pluchon Yves‐Marie , Rioult Bruno , Rostaing Sylvie , Salvat Eric , Sep Hieng Virith , Sorel Marc , Vergne‐Salle Pascale , Morel Véronique , de Chazeron Ingrid , Pickering Gisèle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is no recommendation in Europe for the use of ketamine in patients with chronic pain. The heterogeneity of practice highlights the need to seek the advice of experts in order to establish a national consensus. This Delphi survey aimed to reach a national consensus on the use of ketamine in chronic pain in Pain clinics.MethodsA collaborative four‐round internet‐based questionnaire was used. It was created after literature search on ketamine administration in chronic pain and included about 96 items. It discussed utility and advantages, adverse events and deleterious aspects, methods of administration, concomitant treatments and assessment of results.ResultsTwenty‐eight experts completed all rounds of the survey with a total of 81.3% items reaching a consensual answer. Neuropathic pain represents the first indication to use ketamine, followed, with a good to moderate utility, by other situations (fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, central neuropathic pain, peripheral neuropathic pain, nociceptive pain, sensitization, opioid withdrawal, palliative care, depression). Experts agreed on the rare occurrence of adverse events. Concerning routes of administration, intravenous infusion with doses of 0.5–0.9 mg/kg/d for 4 days of treatment is preferred. Place of care is hospital, as in‐ or out‐patient, with a quarterly administration of ketamine. Finally, ketamine effectiveness is assessed 1 month after infusion, and experts encourage combination with non‐pharmacological treatment.ConclusionsThis Delphi survey established a consensus of pain specialists on the use of ketamine in refractory chronic pain, thus providing a basis for future comparative trials.SignificanceThis Delphi survey in chronic pain reached agreement on four main aspects: (1) Priority to treat neuropathic pain with evaluation of effectiveness at 1 month; (2) No deleterious effects in the majority of listed diseases/situations with the absence or <3% of suggested adverse events; (3) 0.5–0.9 mg/kg/d IV infusion; (4) Combination with non‐pharmacological treatment.
Accelerated hierarchical optimization method for emergency energy management of microgrids with energy storage systems
Authors: Zhou Weihao , Li Qiang , Wu Kunming , Zhang Leiqi , Hassan Muhammad Arshad Shehzad , Chen Minyou 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen failures occur in microgrids (MGs), the energy management for emergencies is required. To respond to emergencies in MGs rapidly, an accelerated hierarchical optimization method has been proposed, where the outputs of energy storage systems (ESSs) are controlled to provide urgent supports, before the MG reconfiguration starts. However, it is time‐consuming to find the optimal schemes for MG reconfiguration. To reduce the time of reconfiguration, an optimization method based on deep neural networks (DNNs) for MG reconfiguration is presented, which consists of three levels. First, the combinational optimization for load shedding amounts is solved to determine the loads that have to be cut off. Second, a DNN is used to find the parameters of reconfiguration instead of the time‐consuming calculation of power flow, which is a good way to reduce time of reconfiguration. Third, according to these parameters, the optimal scheme for reconfiguration is selected by a comprehensive evaluation method, where the Delphi method (DM) is employed to adjust the weights of preferences in a comprehensive evaluation function, so it offers the diversity of decisions for the MG reconfiguration. Finally, to test our method, a modified IEEE 33‐bus system is built in MATLAB for simulations. Compared to traditional methods, our method can obtain the same reconfiguration scheme under different on/off states of load switches, but the time of reconfiguration is only one‐sixty‐seventh of that of other methods. Furthermore, in terms of our comprehensive evaluation method, reconfiguration schemes can be selected under different preferences.
Secure authentication and session key management scheme for Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Sharma Nishant , Chauhan Naveen , Chand Narottam , Awasthi Lalit Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInternet of Vehicles (IoV) is an internet enabled connected network of vehicles that provide services more effectively to its users via data sharing and communication with other vehicles and objects in the network. Use of fog servers to create a vehicular cloud which is connected to a primary cloud server is another effective technique that gives better performance by achieving better cooperation between the vehicular cloud and the internet. However, due to dependence on wireless technologies for communication, there is a need for a secure IoV network that can authenticate each device connecting to the network and can further secure the communication among these devices. This article introduced a secure authentication and session key management scheme for IoV (SASM‐IoV) working in fog computing‐based IoV network. SASM‐IoV first authenticates objects before entering into the network and then creates session keys for further communication to be secure. Devices registered to the network are assigned temporary identities, further used in the authentication process, thereby making our scheme more secure. SASM‐IoV protocol is effective against many security attacks such as impersonation, man‐in‐the‐middle, replay attack, and many more. Informal security analysis performed over SASM‐IoV shows that it is resilient against most security attacks. We have also performed a formal security analysis of the scheme using the widely accepted AVISPA tool. Network simulation and communication cost comparisons show that SASM‐IoV is better in terms of different network parameters and provides better security with lower costs when compared to similar security schemes.
One‐ and two‐step semi‐Lagrangian integrators for arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian‐finite element two‐phase flow simulations
Authors: Anjos Gustavo R. , Oliveira Gustavo P. , Mangiavacchi Norberto , Thome John R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSemi‐Lagrangian (SL) schemes are of utmost relevance to simulate two‐phase flows where advection dominates. The combination of SL schemes with the finite element (FE) method and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) dynamic meshes yields a strong ingredient to deal with applications in Earth sciences, environmental engineering, and oil and gas industry whose numerical background is incipient. This article is intended to propose a second‐order time multistep SL/ALE/FE scheme to track particle trajectories traveling amidst single‐ or two‐phase incompressible flows both in fixed and moving mesh situations. The novel scheme is a BDF2‐like implementation that considers the mesh velocity as part of its backward‐in‐time integration. Trajectory departure points are searched through extrapolation and followed by a multistep interpolation corrector that works both for constant and varying time steps. A series of two‐phase benchmark flow simulations are carried out by using the cubic element to compare the performance of the new integrator against single‐step approximations as well as to analyze enhancements in representing the two‐phase flow dynamics. We use the 2D axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations as underlying model. Error analyses, convergence tests, quantitative, and qualitative comparisons are presented and discussed to highlight the superior conservative feature of the novel scheme.
Numerical simulation and entropy dissipative cure of the carbuncle instability for the shallow water circular hydraulic jump
Authors: Ketcheson David I. , Quezada de Luna Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the numerical artifact known as a carbuncle, in the solution of the shallow water equations. We propose a new Riemann solver that is based on a local measure of the entropy residual and aims to avoid carbuncles while maintaining high accuracy. We propose a new challenging test problem for shallow water codes, consisting of a steady circular hydraulic jump that can be physically unstable. We show that numerical methods are prone to either suppress the instability completely or form carbuncles. We test existing cures for the carbuncle. In our experiments, only the proposed method is able to avoid unphysical carbuncles without suppressing the physical instability.
Characteristics of snowmelt transport in farmland soil in cold regions: The regulatory mechanism of biochar
Authors: Zuo Yutian , Fu Qiang , Li Tianxiao , Liu Dong , Hou Renjie , Li Qinglin , Li Mo , Meng Fanxiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a vital water source in cold and arid areas, snowmelt alleviates spring drought problems. Based on a laboratory simulation tests, after nine freeze–thaw cycles, under the simulated conditions of different biochar application amounts (0%, 1%, 2% and 3%, denoted as H0, H1, H2 and H3, respectively) in the spring soil thawing period, the characteristics of soil structure and the process of snowmelt transport in farmland black soil were explored. The research results showed that (a) the addition of biochar increased the soil total porosity and the proportion of pores in the middle section (0.3 ~ 100 μm) and reduced the proportion of soil voids (> 100 μm) and extremely micro pores (< 0.3 μm). (b) As the biochar application amount increased, the stability of soil aggregates first increased and then decreased. The rules of the medium aggregates (0.25 ~ 2 mm) were consistent with the structural stability indexes, while the rules of the silt and clay (< 0.106 mm) were opposite. (c) With an increase in the amount of applied biochar, the saturated water conductivity of unfrozen soil increased; however, the opposite effect was observed for frozen soil. The coefficient Xi was developed to evaluate the soil infiltration performance in the thawing period based on the soil saturation water conductivity. Xi exhibited a good correlation with snowmelt transport. (d) Evaporation, infiltration and runoff also showed a trend of first improving and then producing negative effects with increasing biochar application amount in the snowmelt period. From the perspective of the utilization efficiency of spring snowmelt, the utilization rate of H0 snowmelt was 71.13% and it increased by 6.4% and 1.2% in H1 and H2, respectively, and decreased by 13.53% in the H3 treatment compared with the H0 treatment. Considering the soil structure and soil moisture demand needed for spring sowing, 1% biochar application amount is the most suitable for farmland black soil.
Quality of care at childbirth: Findings of IMAgiNE EURO in Italy during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Covi Benedetta , Mariani Ilaria , Giusti Angela , Pessa Valente Emanuelle ,   for the IMAgiNE EURO Study Group
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) during childbirth in the first year of COVID‐19 pandemic in Italy, from the mothers' perspective, as key service users.MethodsWomen who gave birth in an Italian facility from March 1, 2020 to February 29, 2021 answered an online questionnaire including 40 WHO Standard‐based Quality Measures. Descriptive and multivariate quantile regression analyses were performed.ResultsIn total, 4824 women were included, reporting heterogeneity of practices across regions: among 3981 women who underwent labour 78.4% (63.0%–92.0%) were not allowed a companion of choice, 44.6% (28.9%–53.3%) had difficulties in attending routine antenatal visits, 36.3% (24.9%–61.1%) reported inadequate breastfeeding support, 39.2% (23.3%–62.2%) felt not involved in medical choices, 33.0% (23.9%–49.3%) experienced unclear communication from staff, 24.8% (15.9%–39.4%) were not always treated with dignity and 12.7% (10.1%–29.3%) reported abuses. Findings in the group of women who did not experience labour were substantially similar. Multivariate analyses confirmed a significant lower QMNC index for regions in southern Italy compared to North and Central regions.ConclusionMothers reported substantial inequities in the QMNC across Italian regions. Future studies should monitor QMNC over time. Meanwhile, actions to ensure high QMNC for all mothers and newborns across Italy are urgently required.
A lightweight capsule network architecture for detection of COVID‐19 from lung CT scans
Authors: Tiwari Shamik , Jain Anurag 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19, a novel coronavirus, has spread quickly and produced a worldwide respiratory ailment outbreak. There is a need for large‐scale screening to prevent the spreading of the disease. When compared with the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test, computed tomography (CT) is far more consistent, concrete, and precise in detecting COVID‐19 patients through clinical diagnosis. An architecture based on deep learning has been proposed by integrating a capsule network with different variants of convolution neural networks. DenseNet, ResNet, VGGNet, and MobileNet are utilized with CapsNet to detect COVID‐19 cases using lung computed tomography scans. It has found that all the four models are providing adequate accuracy, among which the VGGCapsNet, DenseCapsNet, and MobileCapsNet models have gained the highest accuracy of 99%. An Android‐based app can be deployed using MobileCapsNet model to detect COVID‐19 as it is a lightweight model and best suited for handheld devices like a mobile.
Photobiomodulation and photodynamic therapy applied after electrocauterization for skin healing optimization in rats
Authors: do Amparo Manoel Cecília , de Sousa Mariano Samara , da Silva Ramos Ericsson , Paolillo Fernanda Rossi , de Aro Andrea Aparecida , Mendes Carolini , Venturini Ligia Milanez , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , de Andrade Thiago Antônio Moretti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhotobiomodulation‐PBM and Photodynamic Therapy‐PDT have been used to induce healing. However, the effects of these therapies on skin‐lesions induced by electrocautery are unknown, aiming at more favorable clinical and esthetic results. Electrocauterization was done in 78‐female Wistar‐rats using a system that includes an electrocautery and red‐LED. The groups were: No injury, Injury, Injury + ALA (topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid application), Injury + LED and Injury + ALA + LED (topical ALA application followed by photoactivation with LED). After 2nd, 7th and 14th days post‐injury, immuno‐histomorphometric analyses (inflammatory infiltrate, blood vessels, fibroblasts, eschar/epidermal thickness, IL‐10 and VEGF) and biochemical assays of MPO (neutrophil), NAG (macrophage), nitrite, DCF (H2O2), carbonyl (membrane's damage), sulfhydryl (membrane's integrity), SOD, GSH, hydroxyproline and re‐epithelialization area were performed. The Injury + LED and Injury + ALA + LED groups controlled inflammation and oxidative stress, favoring angiogenesis, fibroblasts proliferation and collagen formation. Therefore, the PBM or PDT was effective in tissue formation with thinner eschar and epidermis, resulting in less scarring after electrocauterization.
Systemic effect of TiO2 micro‐ and nanoparticles after acute exposure in a murine model
Authors: Domingo Mariela Gisele , Kurtz Melisa , Maglione Guillermo , Martin Maximiliano , Brites Fernando , Tasat Deborah Ruth , Olmedo Daniel Gustavo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe surface of a biomedical implant can be a potential endogenous source of release of microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) into the biological environment. In addition, titanium particles from exogenous sources can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. The aim of this work was to evaluate the biological response of the lung, liver, and kidneys to acute exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2). Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with a suspension of 45 μm or 5 nm TiO2 particles. One month post‐exposure, titanium concentration was determined spectrometrically (ICP‐MS) in plasma and target organs. Blood smears and organ tissue samples were examined histopathologically, and oxidative metabolism was analyzed (superoxide anion by nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) test; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); lipid peroxidation; paraoxonase 1). Liver (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) and kidney (urea, creatinine) function was evaluated using serum biochemical markers. Microchemical and histological analysis revealed the presence of particles, though no structural alterations, in TiO2‐exposed groups. NBT test showed an increase in the percentage of reactive cells and antioxidant enzyme consumption in lung samples in the 45 μm and 5 nm TiO2‐exposed groups. Only the 5 nm particles caused a decrease in SOD and CAT activity in the liver. No changes in renal oxidative metabolism were observed in either of the TiO2‐exposed groups. Determination of serum biochemical markers and analysis of oxidative metabolism are not early bioindicators of tissue damage caused by TiO2 MPs and NPs.
Animal Models of Bone Marrow Lesions in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bowen Andrew , Shamritsky David , Santana Josue , Porter Ian , Feldman Erica , Pownder Sarah L , Koff Matthew F , Hayashi Kei , Hernandez Christopher J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBone marrow lesions are abnormalities in magnetic resonance images that have been associated with joint pain and osteoarthritis in clinical studies. Increases in the volume of bone marrow lesions have been associated with progression of joint degeneration, leading to the suggestion that bone marrow lesions may be an early indicator of—or even a contributor to—cartilage loss preceding irreversible damage to the joint. Despite evidence that bone marrow lesions play a role in osteoarthritis pathology, very little is known about the natural history of bone marrow lesions and their contribution to joint degeneration. As a result, there are limited data regarding the cell activity within a bone marrow lesion and any associated bone‐cartilage cross‐talk. Animal models provide the best approach for understanding bone marrow lesions at their early, reversible stages. Here, we review the few animal studies of bone marrow lesions. An ideal animal model of a bone marrow lesion occurs in joints large enough to accurately measure bone marrow lesion volume. Additionally, the ideal animal model would facilitate the study of bone‐cartilage cross‐talk by generating the bone marrow lesion immediately adjacent to subchondral bone and would do so without causing direct damage to neighboring soft tissues to isolate the effects of the bone marrow lesion on cartilage loss. Early reports demonstrate the feasibility of such an animal model. Given the irreversible nature of osteoarthritic changes in the joint, factors such as bone marrow lesions that are present early in disease pathogenesis remain an enticing target for new therapeutic approaches. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The differential role of Leydig cells in the skin and gills of Lissotriton italicus larvae
Authors: Brunelli Elvira , Macirella Rachele , Curcio Vittoria , D'Aniello Biagio , Di Cosmo Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarval urodeles are provided with external gills involved, along with the skin, in gas exchange and osmoregulation. Gills and skin epithelia are different, each showing a peculiar set of specialized cells but both provided with Leydig cells (LCs). Information on LCs in the gills is lacking as the literature has focused primarily on the epidermis. Contradictory and fragmentary results highlight that LCs origin, fate, and functions remain not fully understood. Here, we investigated the morpho‐functional differences of LCs in the skin and gills of Lissotriton italicus larvae for the first time. LCs showed the same morphological and ultrastructural features in both tissues, even if LCs were significantly larger in the epidermis. Despite the uniform morphology within the LCs population, the proliferative ability was different. The putative diversity in the mucus composition was evaluated using a panel of 4 lectins as markers of specific carbohydrate moieties, revealing that sites of specific glycoconjugates were comparable in two tissues. To disclose the involvement of LCs in water storage and transport, immunofluorescence assay for aquaporin‐3 has also been performed, demonstrating the expression of this protein only in gills epithelium. By demonstrating that LCs can multiply by cell division in gills, our results will also contribute to the discussion about their proliferative ability. Finally, we found that the LCs cytoplasm is rich in glycoconjugates, which are involved in many diverse and essential functions in vertebrates.Research Highlights
In gills LCs can multiply by cell division and express aquaporin‐3 demonstrating a tissue‐specific role of LCs.
LCs cytoplasm is rich in glycoconjugates.
LCs population show a uniform morphology in both gills and skin.
Effect of nutrition status and inflammatory stimuli on ghrelin and peptide‐YY levels among critically ill children: A prospective and observational study
Authors: Zaher Sara , White Deborah , Ridout Jenna , Branco Ricardo Garcia , Meyer Rosan , Pathan Nazima 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGhrelin and peptide‐YY (PYY) are two gut peptides with apparent opposing actions. In normal conditions, ghrelin and PYY work together in synergy to regulate energy homeostasis. During critical illness, series of metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory changes take place in response to a severe insult. Emerging studies recorded alterations in gut hormone levels in critically ill adults. This study aims to assess the effect of inflammation, nutrition, and feeding status on ghrelin and PYY levels in critically ill children.MethodsIn this prospective study, we collected blood samples from critically ill children on days 2 or 3 of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission for the analysis of serum ghrelin, PYY, and inflammatory markers. Data related to the intake anthropometry, as well as other clinical data, were collected from patients' records. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting serum levels of these hormones.ResultsForty‐two children admitted to the PICU were included in this study. Ghrelin level was influenced by admission nutrition status of the children and age. PYY was influenced by macronutrient intake and age. Inflammatory markers also showed an association with the measured levels of these hormones, with C‐reactive protein being positively associated with ghrelin levels and tumor necrosis factor alpha showing a positive association with PYY levels.ConclusionAlthough ghrelin and PYY have been linked to feeding status in healthy patients, during critical illness there might be other factors, such as inflammation and nutrition status, that might contribute to the changes observed in ghrelin/PYY profiles.