bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental parameter identification and validation of a process model for ultrasonic heavy wire bonding
Authors: Schemmel Reinhard , Müller Nico , Klahold Ludger , Hemsel Tobias , Sextro Walter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ultrasonic heavy wire bonding is a standard process in packaging technologies of power semiconductor modules. Due to increasing demands on reliability of the electrical contacts under high temperature loads, copper wires with significantly better electrical and thermal properties compared to aluminum are used more often nowadays. This results in new challenges in process development due to higher process forces and ultrasonic power; for this purpose, a simulation model has been developed to improve process development. The process model is based on a co-simulation with sub-models for the different physical phenomena. The sub-models are based on parameters, which need to be identified from measurements. This contribution focusses on the identification of the material model. Therefore, a method is presented, which allows for an iterative identification of the stress-strain characteristics from compression tests based on a modified tensile-compression machine. In compression tests under ultrasonic load, the bond wire material behavior under ultrasonic load is investigated to characterize the so-called ultrasonic-softening-effect. The simulation model with identified model parameters is then used to predict main-effects-diagrams for aluminum and copper wire bond processes on DCB. The simulation results are validated by comparison to results from parameter studies of ultrasonic heavy wire bonding experiments.
Evolution and Applications of Fine-Feature Solder Paste Printing for Heterogeneous Integration
Authors: Griffith Evan , Lim Sze Pei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The semiconductor industry is quickly adopting heterogeneous integration as a solution to allow a large number of dies to be packed onto smaller components, improving cost-performance while expanding functionality. As such, the printing of solder paste formulated for System in Package (SiP) applications is becoming more difficult, with many depositions designed at one point as extremes during testing becoming the norm in industry. This paper will first briefly discuss the evolution of soldering material for heterogeneous integration, as some aspects of solder paste manufacturing, such as powder size, differ significantly from larger scale soldering applications. The objective of this study is to illustrate critical parameters for the printing of SiP paste. Multiple parameters that are important for SiP paste printing applications will be discussed, such as the metal load optimization, paste rheology, and metal powder size, type, and quality.
Understanding photoresist - electroplating bath interactions using HPLC methodology
Authors: Popova I. , Dieckmann R. , Schroeder N. , Gomes G. , Golden J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
With the rapidly expanding range of design and integration flows required for advanced packaging, both foundries and OSATs alike are evaluating new types of materials for additive manufacturing - this is especially pertinent for both resist materials and galvanic plating baths. This problem is far from new (1), it is a part of the regularly required re-evaluation of process-material interactions (2) for the new packaging integration schemes, driven by changes in design, process flow, and technology requirements. With increasing demands for bath longevity and robustness of plating performance, material vendors are motivated to minimize interactions between the plating bath chemistries and photoresists, defining the plating pattern. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of several factors including - resist type (i.e. positive, negative, general-purpose vs “plating/packaging” type) and process parameters for both resist and bath material (by comparing several resist materials from different manufacturers with varying processing conditions on silicon wafers). We used reverse phase HPLC with UV-detection as a method of choice in this study to compare resist extractables into the galvanic baths. We utilized a copper plating packaging type galvanic bath as a representative bath material. We evaluated semi-quantitatively the extractable via their HPLC signature into the bath to compare resist properties and further attempt to extrapolate resist stability and breakdown magnitude with possible effects on bath life. The utility of the method developed here allows for comparing and quantifying (note - evaluation is semi-quantitative since no standard solutions of leached components exist) extractables via HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) allows for a better understanding of resist bath stability “factors”, and can be further expanded into an online method for detecting early signs of bath contamination by a photoresist. It can also be used for aiding lithographers to better pre-assess photoresist capabilities and aid in the material selection for future plating applications.
Thermal and Reliability Performance Comparison of DBC-Based and Organic-Based Double-Sided Cooled Power Modules
Authors: Cheng Tzu-Hsuan , Nishiguchi Kenji , Fukawa Yoshi , Hopkins Douglas C. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) is the most popular solution for conventional high-power modules because of superior thermal/electrical/mechanical performance and mature manufacturing. To meet the rising demand of power density and power rating, a Double-Sided Cooled (DSC) sandwich structure using dual insulated metal-clad substrates was proposed and DBC still dominated the substrate selection of DSC power modules. However, there are several long-existing reliability challenges of conventional DBC-based power modules and the cost of DBC is relatively high compared with organic and metal (e.g. lead frame) substrates. This study proposes a DSC 1.2 kV half-bridge power module using dual epoxy-resin Insulated Metal Substrate (eIMS) for solving DBC-based power module issues and providing a cost-effective solution. The thermal performance outperforms traditional Alumina (Al2O3) DBC-based DSC power module due to moderate thermal conductivity (10 W/mK) and thin (120 μm) epoxy-resin composite dielectric layer compared with Alumina. The breakdown voltage of this high thermally conductive organic dielectric is 5 kVAC (@ 120 μm) and the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) is 300°C which is indispensable for Wide-Band-Gap (WBG) devices and high-power applications. In terms of thermal-mechanical reliability, the organic-based DSC power module can pass the thermal cycling test over 2000 cycles by optimizing the mechanical properties of the encapsulant material. In conclusion, this paper not only proposes a competitive organic-based power module but also a methodology of evaluation for thermal and mechanical performance.
Samambaias em fragmento de Mata Atlântica, Sapé, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Silvestre Leandro Costa , Xavier Sergio Romero Da Silva 
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo trata de um levantamento florístico-taxonômico das espécies de samambaias ocorrentes na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Fazenda Pacatuba, no município de Sapé, estado da Paraíba, Brasil. A unidade de conservação compreende uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, com área total de 266,53 hectares. Foram registradas dez famílias, 18 gêneros e 24 espécies de samambaias. As famílias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae, com oito espécies, e Thelypteridaceae, com quatro espécies. As espécies Adiantum obliquum Willd., Adiantum petiolatum Desv., Didymoglossum ovale E. Fourn. e Thelypteris macrophylla (Kunze) C.V. Morton são citadas como novas referências para o estado da Paraíba. O registro dessas novas ocorrências evidencia a necessidade de pesquisas voltadas para a flora de plantas vasculares sem sementes, para que se tenha um melhor entendimento sobre a biodiversidade no estado da Paraíba.
Anatomia do lenho de seis espécies do gênero Cecropia Loefl. (Urticaceae)
Authors: Reis Pamella Carolline Marques dos , Reis Alisson Rodrigo Souza , Lisboa Pedro Luiz Braga , Reis Leonardo Pequeno 
Published: February 2022

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar anatomicamente seis espécies de Cecropia, para contribuir na identificação das seguintes espécies: C. distachya Huber, C. latiloba Miq., C. obtusa Trécul, C. obtusifolia Bertol., C. palmata Willd. e C. sciadophylla Mart. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, as descrições anatômicas seguiram as metodologias tradicionais usadas para estudos em anatomia da madeira. As espécies apresentam raios multisseriados e heterogêneos, constituídos de células procumbentes, quadradas e eretas, parênquima aliforme, com variação de aletas (de extensão losangular, linear e grossas), poros predominantemente solitários e porosidade difusa. C. latiloba Miq. foi a única espécie que apresentou canais axiais difusos e fibras septadas, sendo a espécie com maior variação entre as analisadas. Em nível macroscópico, as espécies se diferenciaram pelas camadas de crescimento e tipo de parênquima axial, e microscopicamente a diferenciação ocorreu pela presença ou ausência de fibra septada, canal axial e tipo de parênquima axial. Mesmo sem aparelho óptico, as espécies podem ser diferenciadas.
Dispersão primária de frutos da castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.): importância para o manejo e a conservação da espécie
Authors: Faustino Camila De Lima , Evangelista Joziane Silva , Wadt Lúcia Helena De Oliveira 
Published: February 2022

A castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) é um produto florestal não madeireiro de destaque, por consolidar aspectos econômicos, sociais e ecológicos. No entanto, práticas de manejo ainda precisam ser estabelecidas para que a extração desse produto seja realizada de forma segura, a fim de que o extrativista tenha um produto de qualidade e que seja sustentável para a espécie. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a dinâmica da dispersão primária de frutos de Bertholletia excelsa em um castanhal nativo no estado do Acre, buscando obter informações que subsidiem uma definição segura sobre a melhor época e o intervalo de coleta dos frutos. Durante o período de dispersão, 20 árvores foram monitoradas, sendo seus frutos contados e marcados de acordo com o tempo de queda. A queda dos frutos ocorreu em picos, sendo que, após 50 dias do início da dispersão, praticamente todos os frutos já haviam caído. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a coleta deve começar a partir da oitava semana após o início da dispersão, e apenas um retorno às árvores deve ser realizado para a coleta dos frutos remanescentes, proporcionando ganhos em termos de qualidade e maior eficiência na produtividade.
Immature stages of Heraclides thoas thoas (Linnaeus, 1771) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): biology and morphology
Authors: Graça Márlon Breno Costa Santos da , Nunes-Gutjahr Ana Lúcia 
Published: February 2022

The morphology and biological aspects of the immature stages of Heraclides thoas thoas (Linnaeus, 1771) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) are described. Eggs of H. thoas thoas were collected in Belém, Pará, Brazil, and larvae were reared on Piper aduncum L. (Piperales: Piperaceae). Parasitism by Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in the pupal stage was observed.
Uma nova espécie de Dichaea Lindl. (Orchidaceae) para a Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Krahl Amauri Herbert , Valsko Jefferson José , Holanda Ana Sofia Sousa de 
Published: February 2022

Uma nova espécie de Dichaea com folhas articuladas e ovário glabro é proposta para o norte do Brasil. A nova espécie possui afinidade com D. ancoraelabia, contudo são diferenciadas pela morfologia vegetativa e floral: Dichaea diminuta é uma planta pêndula e possui porte menor, enquanto D. ancoraelabia é subereta e de tamanho maior. Além disso, D. ancoraelabia possui peças florais ovais, o labelo possui base larga e o ápice subtruncado e minuciosamente apiculado, e em D. diminuta observam-se peças florais lanceoladas, e o labelo possui base estreitada e ápice apiculado e côncavo.
Ma’naviy tarbiya — psixologik tarbiya asosi sifatida
Authors: Norbekova Barno 
Published: February 2022

Maqolada insonning ma’naviyati ham, buyuk tajribalari ham , aslida, oilada qaror topishi, so‘ngra u ijtimoiy ahamiyat kasb etib borishi yoritilgan bo’lib, ma’naviyat — barcha tarbiyalarning mustahkam ildizi ekanligi to‘g‘risida mulohazalar yuritiladi.
O‘quvchilarda tasviriy san’at namunalari asosida ijodkorlikni shakllantirishning innovatsion shakl, vosita va metodlari
Authors: Suvonova Kamola 
Published: February 2022

Maqolada o‘quvchining ijodiyligini rivojlantirishda intellektual o‘yinlar, analitik materiallar , audio-vizual metodlar, interfaol metodlardan foydalanish, ijodkorlikni rivojlantirishda tabiat bilan bevosita muloqot, geometrik hajmlar va shakllarni o‘rganish, turli konstruktorlar va maxsus qurilish sistemalarini qo‘llash asosida boshlang‘ich sinflarda o‘quvchi ijodkorligini shakllantirishda innovatsion shakl, vosita va metodlar qo‘llash zarurligi haqida fikr yuritiladi.
Роль родителей в подготовке молодежи к семейной жизни
Authors: Komilova Aziza 
Published: February 2022

Ushbu maqolada oilaviy hayotga kattalarni va yoshlarni o‘rgatish, ularda sog‘lom munosabatlar psixologiyasini shakllantirish, ota-onadagi madaniyat, ma’naviyat, iste’dod, mas’uliyatning o‘g‘il-qizlarda namoyon bo‘lishi, bolalardagi o‘zgarish, intilish, qiziqish ota-ona tomonidan nazorat qilinishi, oilada bola shaxsini shakllantirish, ularni oilaviy hayotga tayyorlash bo‘yicha ma’lumotlar berilgan.
Формирование трансверсальных компетенций – приоритетная задача преподавателей высшей школы
Authors: Мухидова Олима 
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются ключевые компетенции, необходимые для современного профессионала. И его обучения на протяжении всей жизни, что даст быть способным, и стать профессионалом в условиях цифровизации и глобализации современной экономики. Также особое внимание, уделяется формированию у студентов трансверсальных навыков.
Янги Ўзбекистонда ёшларга оид давлат сиёсати динамикаси
Authors: Хакимов Дилмурод 
Published: February 2022

Ёшлар фуқаролик жамияти ривожланиши учун фаол ҳаракатлантирувчи субъект ҳисобланади. Ишга жойлаштириш, ёшлар бандлиги – бу давлат аҳамиятига молик масала, чунки айнан ёшлар мамлакат кадрлар салоҳиятини ташкил қилади. Ёшлар муаммосини ўрганиш давлат ижтимоий-иқтисодий сиёсатининг долзарб ва узоқ муддатли вазифаси ҳисобланади. Бугунги кунда инсон салоҳиятининг рақобатбардошлигини ошириш кўп жиҳатдан ёшлар меҳнатидан фойдаланиш соҳасидаги миллий стратегияга боғлиқдир. Меҳнат бозоридаги ёшлар аҳволини баҳолаш зарурати ёшлар бу мамлакат келажаги эканлиги ва бутун жамиятнинг истиқболдаги ривожланиши улар фаолиятининг бошланғич шароитларига боғлиқлиги билан белгиланади. Бугунги ёшлар кўп жиҳатдан жамиятдаги сиёсий, иқтисодий ва ижтимоий жараёнларга таъсир кўрсатади. Жамият ва ёшлар ўртасидаги ҳамкорликнинг йўқлиги ижтимоий инқирозларга олиб келади. Шунинг учун ушбу мавзуни ўрганиш ва таҳлил қилиш орқали ижтимоий инқирозларнинг олдини олишга имконият яратилади.
Ислом бухгалтерия ҳисоби модели: ижтимоий ва ахлоқий жиҳатлар
Authors: Астанакулов Олим , Батирова Нилуфар 
Published: February 2022

Мақолада ислом молиявий институтлари учун бухгалтерлик ҳисоби ва аудит бўйича ташкилот томонидан қабул қилинган Ахлоқ кодекси ҳақида сўз боради. Алоҳида эътибор манфаатлар тўқнашуви билан боғлиқ қарорлар қабул қилишда бухгалтерлар амал қиладиган “маслаҳат” принципига қаратилган. Шунингдек, ижтимоий жавобгарлик, ҳисобдорлик ва ахборотни ошкор қилишга доир қарашлар ислом бухгалтерия ҳисоби томонидан кўриб чиқилган. Ушбу мақолада бухгалтерия ҳисобининг ижтимоий аҳамияти, унинг ажралмас қисми бўлган ахлоқ ҳамда ҳисоб принциплари ва амалиётига маънавий соҳанинг таъсири масалаларига алоҳида эътибор қаратилган. Бухгалтерия ҳисоби ривожланишининг ижтимоий, ахлоқий ва маънавий жиҳатлари ислом бухгалтерия ҳисоби модели мисолида кўриб чиқилган. Ҳозирги даврда мазкур модел диний омилнинг кучли таъсири остида шаклланган ва ривожланаётган моделдир. Ислом жамиятида бухгалтерия ҳисоби назарияси, асосан, ислом қонун-қоидаларига таянади, лекин у шариатга зид бўлмаган бошқа принципларга ҳам асосланиши мумкин.
Тилни ўрганиш жараёнида луғат билан ишлаш маданияти борасида
Authors: Назиржонова Зебогул , Кучкарова Озодахон 
Published: February 2022

Ушбу мақолада ҳозирги замон ўқитувчиси мулоқот маданиятини шакллантиришнинг нутқ таъсирчанлигини ошириш услублари, талаблари, мулоқот таъсирчанлигини оширишга қаратилган илмий мулоҳазалар мазмуни келтирилган. Мақолада ўқитувчи нутқ таъсирчанлигини оширишнинг илмий талабларидан фойдаланиш, ўрганувчиларда тилни ўрганиш жараёнида учрайдиган айрим қийинчиликлар, айниқса, нофилологик йўналишдаги талабаларга касбий терминологияларни ўргатиш ва уларга луғат билан ишлашнинг самарали йўлларини кўрсатиб беришдан иборат ва луғат билан ишлаш жараёнида нофилологик йўналишдаги талабаларни қизиқарли замонавий усуллардан фойдаланган ҳолда ўзларининг эгаллаган касбларига оид атамаларнинг аҳамиятлари ҳақида фикр билдирган. Луғат билан ишлашнинг асосий мақсади нофилологик йўналишдаги талабаларнинг оғзаки нутқини ривожланитиришга қаратилган. Берилган мавзулар асосида нофилологик йўналишдаги талабалар янги сўз ва иборалар билан танишадилар. Шунингдек, луғат билан ишлаш чет тилида тўғри талаффуз кўникмаларини шакллантиришга ҳам катта ёрдам беради. Бундан ташқари, мақолада луғат билан ишлаш механизми ёритиб берилган. Дарс жараёнида ўқувчилар билиш фаолиятини бошқариш бир неча омилларга боғлиқ. Демак, олимлар таъкидлаганидек, фақат қизиқишгина психик жараёнда уларнинг диққат, хотира, тафаккур ва ирода функцияларига ижобий таъсир кўрсатади.
O’quvchilarda zararli odatlarni oldini olishda bo’sh vaqtlarini tashkil etish omillari
Authors: Abdulazizova Nilufar 
Published: February 2022

Ushbu maqolada o’quvchilarning kundalik faoliyatlari, kun tartibi va bo’sh vaqtlarini to’g’ri tashkillashtirish, o’quvchilardagi zararli odatlarning oldini olish, musiqa, rassomlik, adabiyot, teatr va san’atning boshqa turlari bilan shug’ullanish, o’quvchilar bo’sh vaqtlarini mazmunli tashkil etish omillari bayon etilgan.
Янги тараққиёт даврида иқтисодий тафаккур ва иқтисодий маданият диалектикаси
Authors: Асрақулова Адиба 
Published: February 2022

Ушбу мақолада шахс иқтисодий маданиятига унинг иқтисод соҳасидаги маълумоти ва тафаккури, эҳтиёжлари ҳамда шу йўналишдаги ижодий фаолиятини фалсафий тадқиқ этилган. Шунингдек ёшларнинг иқтисодий маданиятида муҳим ўринни иқтисодий тафаккур эгаллайди, бу иқтисодий ҳодисалар ва жараёнларнинг моҳиятини билишга, ўрганилган иқтисодий тушунчаларни тўғри ишлатишга ва аниқ иқтисодий вазиятларни таҳлил қилиш ҳақида айрим мулоҳазалар берилган.
Abduvali Qutbiddin she’riyatiga talqiniy yondashuv
Authors: Niyozmatov Elnur 
Published: February 2022

Ushbu maqolada O’zbek adabiyotida o’ziga xos o’rin tutgan iste’dodli shoir Abduvali Qutbiddin she’riyati haqida so’z yuritiladi. Shoir she’rlarini o’qish hamda anglash, tuyg’ularini htis qilish, tahlil qilsh masalalariga to’xtalib o’tiladi. Muallif ijodkorning ayrim she’rlarining ma’no-mazmuniga, uslubi, badiiy san’atlardan unumli foydalanilishi hamda boshqa shoirlar ijodidan farqli va o’xshash jihatlariga e’tibor qaratgan.
Актуальные вопросы международного сотрудничества в сфере противодействия компьютерным преступлениям
Authors: Собирова Нозимахон 
Published: February 2022

В статье анализируется современное состояние международного законодательного в сфере обеспечения информационной безопасности и практики борьбы с киберпреступлениями. Автором отмечается, что в последнее время приняты наряду с общеобязательными международными актами по вопросам кибербезопасности, также приняты региональные документы. Сравнительный анализ норм международного и регионального законодательства позволяет сделать вывод о необходимости выработки единой международной стратегии борьбы с киберпреступностью и унификации национальных законодательств в области уголовно-правового регулирования отношений в сфере информационных технологий и обеспечения информационной безопасности.
Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Genes among Gram Negative Clinical Isolates
Authors: Ramachandran Devasena Umai , Sudharsan Meenambiga Setti 
Published: February 2022

Increasing antibiotic resistance is a threat worldwide. Deep studies have to be done for correct and appropriate usage of antibiotics for treating infections efficiently and to curtail the spread of resistance. Hence, this study is aimed at understanding the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes among 35 gram-negative bacterial isolates. By performing biochemical tests, the isolates were identified to be Escherichia coli (n = 15), Klebsiella oxytoca (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 5), Proteus mirabilis (n = 4), Proteus vulgaris (n = 1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 7). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that most E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, levofloxacin and cefazolin. Ampicillin resistance was found in all of Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis isolates. All Proteus mirabilis isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed maximum resistance to gentamycin and tobramycin. All 35 isolates were sensitive to amikacin, imipenem and meropenem. Polymerase Chain Reaction showed that AmpC and SHV genes were predominant in E. coli and Klebsiella species respectively. Among Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, IntI gene was more prevailing. NDM1 gene was not detected in any of the isolates. This study also showed the prevalence of isolates resistant to multiple drugs due to the co-existence of resistant genes. Therefore, control of spread of infections, routine study in this field and proper guidelines for prescribing antibiotics is very necessary.
HIGHLIGHTS

This study is aimed at understanding the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes among 35 gram-negative bacterial isolates
A considerable number of isolates had antibiotic resistance genes and some isolates showed resistance to multiple drugs due to the co-existence of resistant genes
Infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics are difficult to treat and may sometimes lead to death
Regular study and proper use of antibiotics is essential to curtail the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Regular

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Insights into Binding Affinity of Flavonoid Compounds from Thai Herbs against 2009 H1N1 Hemagglutinin
Authors: Innok Wansiri , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Kongsune Panita 
Published: February 2022

Outbreak of influenza virus is one of serious concerns for public health. Hemagglutinin (HA), a spike-shaped glycoprotein on the viral surface, plays an important role during the early stage of influenza infection. In the present work, a set of flavonoids were screened against 2009 H1N1 HA by computational chemistry techniques. Among 35 flavonoids, the docking results showed that the epicatechin gallate (ECG) and puerarin exhibited a good binding affinity towards 2009 H1N1 HA. These 2 compounds were then studied by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The predicted binding free energy of the H1-puerarin complex (–25.86 ± 2.92 kcal/mol) was slightly greater than that of H1-ECG (–22.81 ± 2.19 kcal/mol), suggesting that the puerarin and ECG could provide similar binding affinity towards 2009 H1 HA target. However, the stronger electrostatic energy contribution of ~10 kcal/mol was found in the puerarin binding to 2009 H1N1 HA. This molecular information of ligand-protein interaction could be helpful in further drug design and development for influenza treatment.
HIGHLIGHTS

The 35 flavonoid bioactive compounds were screened against 2009 H1N1 HA by molecular docking
The epicatechin gallate (ECG) and puerarin exhibited a good binding affinity and were then studied by all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
The predicted binding free energy revealed that the puerarin and ECG could provide similar binding affinity towards 2009 H1 HA target

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT