bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embodied Practice in Ken Ueno’s “Person-Specific” Concertos
Authors: Ueno Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines two “person-specific” concertos by Ken Ueno: On a Sufficient Condition for the Existence of Most Specific Hypothesis (2008), a vocal concerto featuring the composer himself as soloist, and Zetsu (2015), a chamber concerto written for violinist Gabriela Diaz. These pieces exemplify in Ueno’s oeuvre a Whitmanesque trajectory of embodied practice aligned with the history of American music; the intricacies of performance practice are brought into focus in the technical achievements of a specific individual fused, inextricably, with that performer’s aura. The expressiveness of a Coltrane or a Hendrix (distinctly American heroes), for example, stems from the intertwinedness of their technical achievements with the charismatic projection of their aura. Ueno seeks to transpose the “person-specificness” of American jazz and rock into contemporary classical music via his “person-specific” concertos, in which is highlighted the unique technical virtuosity of his soloists. Spectral techniques are applied to orchestrational frameworks to highlight the uniqueness of the embodied presence of the soloist. Temporal richness is further enhanced by the poetics emanating from aspectual elements of historicity and presentness.
Drugs in Africa from the Slave Trade to Colonialism
Authors: Ambler Charles 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the transformation of African drug production, consumption, and trade from the eighteenth to early twentieth centuries. It centers on relationships between increasingly intrusive international trades and long-rooted regional systems of drug production and consumption. Drug products affected the Atlantic, Saharan, and Indian Ocean slaving systems, and the expansion of European power into the continent transformed and extended drugs in African societies. The late nineteenth century gave rise to one of the first transnational anti-drug campaigns, to suppress the West African liquor traffic; and the first international drug treaty, the 1890 Brussels Convention. Africans, like others, struggled over the definition and meanings of particular drugs, as medicines, stimulants, and poisons. In the late nineteenth century, medicinal commodities became part of a market revolution, competing with traditional products and subject to an emerging modern pharmaceutical regime. Drug regulation coincided with the larger project of colonial domination.
Africa
Authors: Carrier Neil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Much historical and ethnographic research highlights a long relationship of humanity with psychoactive substances. However, most of this research has focused on prehistoric and ancient Europe, Asia, and the Americas, leaving Africa relatively neglected, and creating the misconception that African drug production, trade, and use is comparatively recent. This chapter shows instead that Africa has a long and important relationship with drugs as varied as khat, kola, datura, and iboga. It surveys Africa’s complex indigenous pharmacopeia of stimulants and intoxicants and their varied cultures of consumption, as well as substances that if external in origin, like cannabis, have been widely used for centuries across Africa. The chapter suggests a more nuanced and critical context for the contemporary threat illicit drug trades pose to the continent, in understanding Africa’s drug cultures in the longue durée.
The Post-1950s Rise of Illegal Opium in Asia
Authors: Chouvy Pierre-Arnaud 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Opium, the ancient narcotic, has fascinated the West where tastes for the exotic arose alongside British and French colonialism. The mystery of poppy origins is equaled by the opacity of the two largest illegal opium-producing regions that emerged after 1950: the so-called Golden Triangle, in Burma (Myanmar) in mainland Southeast Asia; and Golden Crescent, in Afghanistan, in Southwest Asia. Illegal opium production in these two regions developed as part of the deep historical, geographic, and political complexity that explain their remoteness, lawlessness, and protracted armed conflicts. As a result, scholars of various disciplines have long researched opium production, trade, consumption, and traditions. This chapter examines the causes and dynamics of illegal opium production, including how illegal opium production has benefited from the turmoil of Asian history and geopolitics, from synergies between war economies and drug economies, from underdevelopment and poverty, and from decades of failed often-counterproductive anti-drug policies.
Atrocity Crimes and Ecocide
Authors: van Uhm Daan P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the interrelationship between atrocity crimes and anthropogenic environmental degradation. The environment as cause, tool, and victim of armed conflict will be discussed and the interpretation of the environment in the context of the three categories of mass atrocity crimes under the Rome Statute—genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes—will be analyzed. Because of the limitations of international criminal law in relation to protecting the environment, it will be argued that recognizing ecocide as a core international crime may prevent humanity from consequent atrocities as well as protect the environment from being damaged.
International Criminal Justice
Authors: Combs Nancy Amoury 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores international criminal prosecutions for mass atrocities through scholarship and the real-world challenges that the field confronts. The chapter’s survey of international criminal law scholarship shows the dramatic evolution that has taken place in the attitudes and expectations of scholars, popular commentators, and practitioners of mass atrocity trials. Next, the chapter turns to some of the most serious difficulties that practically impede criminal prosecutions of mass atrocities. Although some of these are doctrinal, international criminal law’s most pressing challenges emanate from non-legal sources. This chapter highlights in particular international criminal law’s selectivity and its evidentiary impediments. These and other problems more broadly highlight what perhaps is the field’s most pressing overarching difficulty: the stark mismatch between the ideals to which it aspires and the reality in which it is mired.
Atrocity Crimes as a Different Type of Crime?
Authors: Drumbl Mark A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter posits that conceptual and experiential differences arise (and abound) between atrocity crime and ordinary common crime. Atrocity crime, in particular discrimination-based campaigns, tends to be collective in nature, thereby presenting the violence as individuals conforming to a wretched social norm. Ordinary common crime tends more to individual acts of deviance and transgression. Atrocity crimes are often crimes of hate and crimes of the state or state-like organization. This chapter argues that the international community is prosecuting atrocity crimes without first having developed a thorough criminology of mass violence, a suitable penology for perpetrators, or a thoughtful victimology for those aggrieved.
Democracies, Dictatorial Regimes, and Atrocities
Authors: Weerdesteijn Maartje 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A lot of research has been done on the relationship between regime type and mass atrocities and other human rights violations. The field has been hampered, however, by the diverse definitions that are employed for these violations and because of the lack of interaction between qualitative and quantitative strands of scholarship. This chapter takes a first step to remedy these difficulties. It will provide an overview of the most prominent empirical research on the relationship between the regime type and the prevalence of atrocities and will reflect on the consensus among scholars that established democracies are least likely to perpetrate mass atrocities. Subsequently, the most commonly used explanations for this finding are set out. In order to understand further why dictatorial regimes are more likely to perpetrate mass atrocities, a qualitative analysis is put forward that links the regime type to other known risk factors for mass atrocities.
People with Disabilities in Human Subjects Research
Authors: Ouellette Alicia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
People with disabilities are grossly underrepresented in health research. Equal and just representation for persons with disabilities is necessary to improve health outcomes and to demonstrate respect for individuals who live with impairment. This chapter parses the causes for exclusion and sets forth a multidimensional approach for bringing people with disabilities into human subjects research. This chapter discusses the possibility and ethical challenges of several approaches, including the possibility of deeming disability status a demographic factor like age, gender, race, and ethnicity; possible regulatory and legislative changes; increased cultural competency; and a commitment to universal research design. If adopted, these suggestions would create the opportunity for researchers to conduct more inclusive research with more reliably generalizable results without compromising research integrity.
Cinema and Television
Authors: Lee Hyangjin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the identity politics of cinema and television as a critique of contemporary South Korean politics. A critical analysis of films and television programmes used to communicate the prevailing political ideas is indispensable to the discussion of democratic transitions of the society. Cinema joined forces with the 1980s democratization movement and helped to articulate popular discontent caused by the regimes during decades of dictatorship. Today, it continues to attract a large share of domestic audiences, thus influencing their political perceptions. Television has actively resisted governmental intervention for the freedom of expression after democratization, but its influence has transcended national borders to affect the political opinions of viewers in the era of online transmedia. The chapter examines ways in which cinema and television have communicated and affected the public opinions on politics since the 1990s. Specifically, it focuses on how the media’s political criticism has been influenced by government regulations, and its generic evolution and storytelling strategy have been diversified in response of the political conditions, along with the inherited limitations of popular entertainment informed by commercialism. The concluding remarks highlight the significance and role of cinema and television in criticizing political policy and interference.
Unofficial Art Outside Moscow and Leningrad
Authors: Sokhareva Tatiana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents strategies for unofficial art outside Moscow and Leningrad. Its fundamental concern is the problem of mutual relations between center and periphery in the history of art in the second half of the twentieth century. The materials offer an overview of the lives and careers of artists who incorporated features characteristic of both official culture (inclusion in a city’s institutional life, affiliation with conservative artistic media, whether easel painting or sculpture) and unofficial culture (a search for alternatives to the Socialist Realist aesthetic, an orientation toward the historical avant-garde). The chapter considers the possibility that alternative artistic thought existed outside well-known circles and associations as well as the problem of approaches to studying the Soviet underground. It also analyzes the unofficial culture’s representatives and its models for living on the example of several regions: the Urals, Far East, Siberia, and Volga regions.
The Experimental Sounds of Russian Conceptualism
Authors: Ioffe Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers an analytical overview of the historical situation of the late-Soviet experimental musical scene with special emphasis put on the conceptual sonoric avant-garde of both Moscow and Leningrad. It narrates the main clusters of influence that are usually mentioned in conjunction with discussions of non-conformist music of Soviet underground counterculture, moving from the Russian sonic avant-garde (Futurism and beyond), to Russian Conceptualism and, finally, erecting a potential bridge to the Russian Rock of Sergei Kuriokhin. The chapter discusses some of the major sonoric events related to the early history of Moscow Conceptualism, proceeding from the early days of the movement, when it was largely associated with the names of Ilia Kabakov and Andrei Monastyrsky, to later events that include radical musical sound performances led by Sergey Letov. The text also draws on related subjects, such as sound poetry, John Cage’s historical visit to St Petersburg where he met, among others, Sergey Kuriokhin, and pieces of music by the less known Russian semi-conceptualist composer Yuri Khanon.
Renewable Energy Supply Chains and the Just Transition
Authors: Mulvaney Dustin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Renewable energy is human civilization’s most rapidly growing form of energy. New energy sources, fuels, and generation devices have supply chains that differ from conventional energy sources, raising new questions about environmental impact and justice considerations when scaling up renewable energy deployment. The differential ways that these production systems evolve (or do not) offer opportunities to comparatively evaluate critical environmental and social issues and to ask what factors make these issues vary as they do. Supply chains offer one way to organize production systems to compare one versus another, but also to compare processes within and along the chains.
Temporality, Limited Statehood, and Africa’s Abandoned Mines
Authors: Compaoré W. R. Nadège , Andrews Nathan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Centering temporality when discussing mineral extraction often points to an understanding of a mining life cycle that includes phases such as contracting, exploration, production, and closure. To center temporality when analyzing mining suggests both prioritizing and rethinking the time scale that shapes ongoing discourses and practices regulating the sector. Paying attention to silenced time–space dynamics within the mining life cycle is a key aspect of centering temporality. Yet the emphasis placed on each phase is determined by vested economic interests that pay little attention to the long-term, negative environmental consequences embedded within the mining life cycle and are not linear. This chapter takes a critical look at the limited statehood and legal vacuum confronting the governance of large-scale mine closure in Africa. It asks whether and to what extent global, regional, and country-level mining governance frameworks fail to hold mining companies accountable for the long-term environmental destruction they cause. The analysis is informed by Upendra Baxis’s concept of “geographies of injustice,” which in this context are reproduced by obscuring a key spatiotemporal dimension in the mining cycle: the mine closure stage. Bringing together scholarship of environmental justice, comparative environmental politics, and global norms, the discussion focuses on mine closures in Africa to illustrate how legal structures and norms collude with the state to render certain aspects of capitalist interests invisible. Current policy silences are anchored within exclusive ontological premises, which in turn reproduce geographies of injustice across the extractive cycle.
Elections
Authors: Limongi Fernando , Cheibub José Antonio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter approaches elections in Latin America from a narrow and precise perspective: as a method for deciding who rules. In fact, Latin America has a long history of popular elections, and the main objective is to assess their capacity to define who will rule, that is, whether they function as a mechanism to select leaders. Hence, a crucial indicator in the Latin American experience with the electoral method is the frequency with which those holding the presidency were popularly elected and completed their constitutional term. The chapter underscores the uniqueness of the Latin America experience with the representative government by focusing on the nineteenth century, the moment in which national representative institutions were adopted around the world and elections substituted heredity as the method through which political offices were filled. Focusing on elections for the national executive office allows the comparison of the Latin American and European experiences with the adoption of the electoral mechanism.
Judicialization of Politics
Authors: Kapiszewski Diana , Newman Katja 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a critical review of how scholars have grappled with the accelerating judicialization of politics in Latin America: how they have sought to define, describe, and explain it; and how they have thought about its consequences and implications. The analysis is based on an original database of publications assembled through a systematic search for literature focused on the judicialization of politics in Latin America published between 2007 and 2016. The chapter discusses some of the general contours of the field, describing who contributes to the literature and examining what countries and time periods authors emphasize. Next, it identifies the main foci of the literature on the judicialization of politics in Latin America, considering the central dynamics, institutions, and actions that scholars study. It then identifies the main theoretical debates in which scholars are engaged, and the methodological approaches they use. It concludes by offering some suggestions for promising directions this important research programme might take in the future.
Latin America
Authors: Dixon Rosalind 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a relatively narrow dimension to constitutional practices in Latin America and Australia, i.e. formal processes of constitutional change or amendment. It considers both potential supply- and demand-side explanations for the observed differences in the dynamics of constitutional change, or non-change. On the supply-side, it highlights the potential role played by both legal and constitutional cultural obstacles to formal constitutional amendment; the role of constitutional specificity; and the supply of judges adhering to a purposive and contextual, or ‘new constitutionalist’, as opposed to more textual, legalist approach to constitutional interpretation. On the demand-side, it considers the role of constitutional specificity, presidential politics, and social movements. In doing so, it highlights potentially important formal-legal and constitutional cultural dimensions to democratic constitutionalism in both Latin American countries and Australia, which have potential relevance far beyond the context of constitutional change.
Cuba
Authors: Guanche Julio César 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cuba, one of the last Spanish colonies to achieve its independence, has a ‘short’ independent history since the Republic was established on 20 May 1902. Until today, the country has gone through three constitutions apart from several reforms and constitutional laws. The three constitutions reveal radical periods of national history: the ‘first’ republic, with an oligarchic liberal profile (1902–1933); the ‘second’ republic with a democratic-social or ‘populist’ profile (1933–1952); and the socialist republic (1959–). This chapter reviews the first two (1901 and 1940), and analyses more closely the third one, enacted in 1976, and reformed in 1978, 1992, and 2002.
The Influence of Origen on Erasmus
Authors: Scheck Thomas P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Erasmus’s reception of Origen was that of a mature Renaissance humanist, Catholic theologian and exegete. Erasmus was thoroughly familiar with medieval Scholastic studies, but he greatly admired the Greek and Latin Church Fathers and saw the potential of patristic studies to bring renewal to the Church of the sixteenth century, especially in the field of Scripture interpretation. Apart from his intense hostility toward Rufinus, Erasmus anticipates the theological reception of Origen’s exegesis represented by Henri de Lubac, emphasizing Origen’s pastoral and catechetical spirit and his churchman-like attitude. Origen’s homiletical style is sincere, it lacks formalism and artifice. Erasmus discerned the influence of Origen’s Greek exegesis on later Latin interpreters such as Hilary, Ambrose, and Jerome. Without denying the presence of theological mistakes in Origen’s corpus, Erasmus felt that an irenic attitude toward Origen was more helpful to the Church than one of censorious criticism. Erasmus believed that Origen had seen further into the mind of St Paul than Augustine had done.
Origen in the Reformation and Renaissance
Authors: Villani Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of Origen’s impact in the West at the beginning of the Modern Era. The focus is first on the reception, or better the rejection of Origen and his allegories by the Reformers Luther and Melanchthon. An exception within the Reformation is represented by Bucer, whose attitude towards Origen was rather positive. Next, Renaissance humanists are taken into consideration. Early authors like Palmieri made an evident but hidden use of Origen, while Ficino praised him as a Platonic philosopher. Pico della Mirandola was deeply influenced by Origen and wrote a passionate defence of him. The friar Francesco Giorgi proves that Origen could be interesting also as a Christian witness of the Jewish Cabbala. Finally, the most important editions of Origen’s texts between the end of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century are presented, with special attention to the first complete edition by Jacques Merlin.
Origen’s Dialogue With Heracleon and the School of Valentinus
Authors: Dunderberg Ismo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This chapter studies the process of how the contested issues are framed by ‘the opponents’ (anti-heretical polemicists on Valentinian doctrines), and how a respectful dispute between rival schools is conducted. Special attention is paid to the tone and nuances of Origen’s debates with Heracleon in Origen’s own Commentary on John. With close reading of Heracleon fragments, distinctions are made between Origen’s dialogue with Heracleon and Origen’s general views of the Valentinian school. What emerges is a broad range of agreements, points of borrowing from Heracleon, and new insights into Valentinian anthropology.
Pilot of a digital contact tracing card in a hospital setting in New Zealand, 2020
Authors: Chambers Tim , Anglemyer Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Countries are rapidly developing digital contact tracing solutions to augment manual contact tracing. There is limited empirical evidence evaluating these tools. We conducted a feasibility study of a Bluetooth-enabled card with hospital staff in New Zealand (n = 42). We compared the card data against self-report contact surveys and a stronger Bluetooth device. The cards detected substantially more contacts than self-report contact surveys, while the concordance between Bluetooth devices was high, suggesting that the cards detected clinically relevant close contacts. There was high acceptability among participants, suggesting that their integration would be accepted by healthcare staff. As the pandemic shifts, there is a need to rapidly contact trace and conduct informed risk management, particularly in critical settings such as healthcare.