bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality assessment of first‐trimester screening for preterm pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Dhaifalah I. , Magalova E. , Studnykova D. , Havalova J. , Slintakova E. , Cuckle H. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the performance and impact of first‐trimester preterm pre‐eclampsia screening in a single center.MethodsThis was a single‐center study of women with a singleton pregnancy who were screened prospectively for preterm pre‐eclampsia (i.e. delivery before 37 weeks' gestation) using maternal characteristics, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index, maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and placental growth factor. The individual risk for preterm pre‐eclampsia was estimated from a published model, and those with a risk above 1 in 200 were recommended to take 150 mg soluble aspirin per day until 34 weeks. Information on the incidence of pre‐eclampsia was obtained from the hospital register of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Screening performance indicators, including detection and false‐positive rates, were estimated from the distribution of risks. Screening impact was estimated by dividing the observed prevalence by the expected prevalence, which was derived from the distribution of risks.ResultsThe distributions of MAP, uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index and serum markers were consistent with the risk model parameters. The estimated detection and false‐positive rates were 79.7% and 16.2%, respectively. There were six cases of preterm pre‐eclampsia, four of which occurred in women with a positive screening result. The prevalence was 62% of that expected, but the 95% CI of 23–140% indicated that the study was underpowered to assess the impact.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the performance of preterm pre‐eclampsia screening can be estimated in a single center with fewer than 2000 women screened. However, in order to assess the impact of screening on the prevalence of the condition, a much larger cohort is needed. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Impact of adopting non‐antibiotic dry‐cow therapy on the performance and udder health of dairy cows
Authors: Lavery Anna , Craig Aimee‐Louise , Gordon Alan W. , Ferris Conrad P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundOn dairy farms, the prophylactic use of antibiotics at drying‐off is being increasingly challenged. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of antibiotic dry‐cow therapy (DCT) or non‐antibiotic DCT on dairy cow performance and udder health.MethodsHolstein cows (n = 285) with low risk of intramammary infection (<200,000 cells/ml) were assigned to one of two treatments, either antibiotic DCT (A + TS; antibiotic treatment in combination with internal and external teat sealants) or non‐antibiotic DCT (TS; internal and external teat sealant only).ResultsThere was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference between treatments for mean cow milk yield, composition or energy corrected milk yield. Mean somatic cell count was 0.16 loge higher in the TS treatment (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.00 loge to −0.33 loge) compared to A + TS treatment (p = 0.047). A 50% increase in the number of mastitis cases was observed in the A + TS treatment compared to TS treatment (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.80%–3.01%), although this was not significant. There was no statistical evidence (p > 0.05) that treatment had any effect on colostrum quality and composition.ConclusionResults indicate that non‐antibiotic DCT can be adopted in ‘low‐risk’ cows who were offered grass silage‐based diets in cubicle accommodation, with low risk of adverse effects on performance or udder health.
Introduction: A Mechanism-Based Approach to Social Policy Research
Authors: Nullmeier Frank , Kuhlmann Johanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis introductory chapter outlines a mechanism-based approach as a new way of explaining social policy. The chapter first introduces causal mechanisms as a concept and explores four strands of mechanism-based research in the social sciences: the methodology of qualitative research, generative mechanisms in critical realism, analytical sociology, and historical sociology and historical institutionalism. The chapter develops a process-oriented, actor-centred and modular conception of causal mechanisms, thereby distinguishing elementary causal mechanisms and complex causal mechanisms. It then showcases the benefits of a mechanism-based approach for social policy research. The key argument is that causal mechanisms enable explanations that can complement, expand, deepen, and possibly even correct analyses that rely on established social policy approaches. The chapter concludes with an overview of all chapters of the volume.
Migrants to the Rescue? Care Workforce Migrantisation on the Example of Elder Care in Germany
Authors: Safuta Anna , Noack Kristin , Gottschall Karin , Rothgang Heinz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe share of migrant workers in the long-term care (LTC) workforce across the world has been increasing. Despite similar trends in terms of overall LTC migrantisation, countries differ in the ways in which migrant workers are involved in national care regimes. Previous research identified several modes of migrantisation, including the “migrant in the family” and “migrant in formal care” outcomes. In the literature, the emergence of each mode is explained by a country-specific intersection of regimes of care, migration and employment. However, analyses of the concrete mechanisms through which such intersections produce differential outcomes are still missing. In this chapter, we identify and explain the mechanisms that resulted in the emergence of “migrant in the family” and “migrant in formal care” migrantisation in Germany.
Anti-communist Backlash in the Croatian Healthcare System
Authors: Malinar Ante 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter explains the process of reforming the financial dimension of the Croatian healthcare system during the 1990–1993 period. Process tracing and qualitative content analysis are used to establish the causal mechanisms that underpinned these policy changes. Three mechanisms—doctors enter politics, old system departure, seeking solutions abroad—form a complex mechanism of anti-communist backlash. It shows that domestic physicians were crucial actors in the reform process. Moreover, their prevailing dissatisfaction with the communist healthcare system pushed the reforms in a new direction and stimulated a horizontal policy transfer process in which policy makers drew positive and negative lessons from Western and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries. The outcome was a hybrid healthcare system based on Bismarckian, Beveridgean and neoliberal principles.
Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles in Helium Droplets
Authors: Lackner Florian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHelium droplets provide a unique cold and inert synthesis environment for the formation of nanoparticles. Over the past decade, the method has evolved into a versatile tool, ready to be used for the creation of new nanomaterials. Species with different characteristics can be combined in a core@shell configuration, allowing for the formation of nanoparticles with tailored properties. The realm of structures that can be formed extends from clusters, comprising only a few atoms, to spherical sub-10 nm particles and nanowires with a length on the order of a few hundred nanometers. The formed nanoparticles can be deposited on any desired substrate under soft-landing conditions. This chapter is concerned with the formation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles with helium droplets. The synthesis process is explained in detail, covering aspects that range from the doping of helium droplets to the behavior of deposited particles on a surface. Different metal particle systems are reviewed and methods for the creation of metal oxide particles are discussed. Selected experiments related to optical properties as well as the structure and stability of synthesized nanoparticles are presented.
Helium Droplet Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Schiller Arne , Laimer Felix , Tiefenthaler Lukas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry is of paramount importance in many studies of pristine and doped helium droplets. Here, we attempt to review the body of work that has been performed in this field. Special focus is given to experiments conducted by the group of Paul Scheier at the University of Innsbruck. We specifically highlight recent studies of highly charged helium droplets and the successive development of pickup into highly charged and mass selected droplets.
Electronic Spectroscopy in Superfluid Helium Droplets
Authors: Schlaghaufer Florian , Fischer Johannes , Slenczka Alkwin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectronic spectroscopy has been instrumental in demonstrating the properties of helium droplets as a cryogenic matrix for molecules. The electronic spectrum of glyoxal, which was one of the first molecules investigated in helium droplets by means of electronic spectroscopy, showed two features that provided convincing evidence that the droplets were superfluid. These were free rotation and the distinct shape of the phonon side band which could be directly assigned to the characteristic dispersion curve of a superfluid. On closer examination, however, details such as increased moments of inertia and a spectral response on the droplet size distribution revealed unexpected features of microsolvation in the superfluid helium. In the course of studying many different molecules, it has become clear that electronic spectroscopy in helium droplets provides insight into the detailed effects of microsolvation. These in turn lead to numerous questions regarding the interaction with the superfluid which are discussed in this chapter. In addition, the influence of microsolvation in helium droplets on van der Waals clusters generated inside helium droplets are discussed. Finally, the effect of helium solvation on unimolecular or bimolecular elementary chemical reactions is evaluated in comparison with corresponding experiments in the gas phase. Particular focus of this article lies on the spectral features related to helium solvation which are not yet fully understood.
Spectroscopy of Small and Large Biomolecular Ions in Helium-Nanodroplets
Authors: Mucha Eike , Thomas Daniel , Lettow Maike , Meijer Gerard , Pagel Kevin , von Helden Gert 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA vast number of experiments have now shown that helium nanodroplets are an exemplary cryogenic matrix for spectroscopic investigations. The experimental techniques are well established and involve in most cases the pickup of evaporated neutral species by helium droplets. These techniques have been extended within our research group to enable nanodroplet pickup of anions or cations stored in an ion trap. By using electrospray ionization (ESI) in combination with modern mass spectrometric methods to supply ions to the trap, an immense variety of mass-to-charge selected species can be doped into the droplets and spectroscopically investigated. We have combined this droplet doping methodology with IR action spectroscopy to investigate anions and cations ranging in size from a few atoms to proteins that consist of thousands of atoms. Herein, we show examples of small complexes of fluoride anions (F−) with CO2 and H2O and carbohydrate molecules. In the case of the small complexes, novel compounds could be identified, and quantum chemistry can in some instances quantitatively explain the results. For biologically relevant complex carbohydrate molecules, the IR spectra are highly diagnostic and allow the differentiation of species that would be difficult or impossible to identify by more conventional methods.
Electron Diffraction of Molecules and Clusters in Superfluid Helium Droplets
Authors: Zhang Jie , He Yunteng , Lei Lei , Yao Yuzhong , Bradford Stephen , Kong Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn an effort to solve the crystallization problem in crystallography, we have been engaged in developing a method termed “serial single molecule electron diffraction imaging” (SS-EDI). The unique features of SS-EDI are superfluid helium droplet cooling and field-induced orientation. With two features combined, the process constitutes a molecular goniometer. Unfortunately, the helium atoms surrounding the sample molecule also contribute to a diffraction background. In this chapter, we analyze the properties of a superfluid helium droplet beam and its doping statistics, and demonstrate the feasibility of overcoming the background issue by using the velocity slip phenomenon of a pulsed droplet beam. Electron diffraction profiles and pair correlation functions of monomer-doped droplets, small cluster and nanocluster -doped droplets are presented. The timing of the pulsed electron gun and the effective doping efficiency under different dopant pressures can both be controlled for size selection. This work clears any doubt of the effectiveness of superfluid helium droplets in SS-EDI, thereby advancing the effort in demonstrating the “proof-of-concept” one step further.
Laser-Induced Alignment of Molecules in Helium Nanodroplets
Authors: Nielsen Jens H. , Pentlehner Dominik , Christiansen Lars , Shepperson Benjamin , Søndergaard Anders A. , Chatterley Adam S. , Pickering James D. , Schouder Constant A. , Muñoz Alberto Viñas , Kranabetter Lorenz , Stapelfeldt Henrik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractModerately intense, nonresonant laser pulses can be used to accurately control how gas phase molecules are oriented in space. This topic, driven by intense experimental and theoretical efforts, has been ever growing and developed for more than 20 years, and laser-induced alignment methods are used routinely in a number of applications in physics and chemistry. Starting in 2013, we have demonstrated that laser-induced alignment also applies to molecules dissolved in helium nanodroplets. Here we present an overview of this new work discussing alignment in both the nonadiabatic (short-pulse) and adiabatic (long-pulse) limit. We show how femtosecond or picosecond pulses can set molecules into coherent rotation that lasts for a long time and reflects the rotational structure of the helium-solvated molecules, provided the pulses are weak or, conversely, results in desolvation of the molecules when the pulses are strong. For long pulses we show that the 0.4 K temperature of the droplets, shared with the molecules or molecular complexes, leads to exceptionally high degrees of alignment. Upon rapid truncation of the laser pulse, the strong alignment can be made effectively field-free, lasting for about 10 ps thanks to slowing of molecular rotation by the helium environment. Finally, we discuss how the combination of strongly aligned molecular dimers and laser-induced Coulomb explosion imaging enables determination of the structure of the dimers. As a background and reference point, the first third of the article introduces some of the central concepts of laser-induced alignment for isolated molecules, illustrated by numerical and experimental examples.
Ongoing Challenges and Solutions of Managing Data Privacy for Smart Cities
Authors: Li Ze Shi , Werner Colin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmart cities represent the epitome of utilizing data sourced from sensors and devices in a city to make informed decisions. Facilitating the massive breadth of data are millions and billions of “smart” devices interconnected through high-speed telecommunication networks, so naturally software organizations began specializing in various parts of the smart city data spectrum. In a smart city, new business opportunities are created for software organizations to process, manage, utilize, examine, and generate data. While smart cities support the ability to make rational and prudent decisions based on real data, the privacy of the data cannot be overlooked. In particular, there are privacy challenges regarding the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data. More precisely, we recognize that there are a multitude of challenges facing software organizations, which include obtaining a shared understanding of privacy and achieving compliance with privacy regulations.
Smart City and Privacy Concerns During COVID-19: Lessons from Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia
Authors: Martinus Melinda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough smart technologies for managing urban problems have gained traction in Southeast Asia, citizens, experts, and policymakers continue to express concerns over data protection and security. Smart technologies, such as big data, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT), are perceived as enablers for cities to control air pollution, reduce traffic, streamline public services, and make energy use more efficient. Yet experts underline that smart technologies’ personal and behavioral data have not been adequately protected, thus bringing significant risk to individual privacy. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has further intensified the dialogue to address privacy concerns in the digital sphere. Drawing from the experience of COVID-19 tracing applications in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, this chapter finds that despite concerns about technical issues and accessibility, the practice of surveillance and the effectiveness of such technology adoption to fight COVID-19 remain in debate. The dialogue on data protection in the digital sphere has been more complex as there are contesting interests between the need to ensure public safety and the need to protect individual privacy.
Does Hong Kong Need a Coherent Policy on Cross Border Data Flows to Really Be Smart?
Authors: Yu Ronald Ker-Wei , Mercurio Bryan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractData flows are becoming ever more important to smart cities. Owing to the plethora of interconnections, an action in one area can result in unintended consequences elsewhere–and while a holistic approach to managing data and data flows sounds desirable, it remains to be seen whether such an approach is achievable. This chapter will explore the conflicting legal and other issues smart cities face, including how to provide access to tools and data to enable creation of apps, content, or products and adapt products for local and global needs; how to encourage use and deployment of data-dependent systems such as artificial intelligence (AI); and how to allow companies to fulfil obligations to provide customer support, enable commercial transactions or the flow of digital currencies. Using Hong Kong as a case study, the chapter overviews Hong Kong’s quest to be a smart city, measures its progress against an objective, then evaluates the potential downsides of Hong Kong’s laissez-faire approach to regulation before advocating for the establishment of a coordinated framework and policy for managing cross-border data flows.
The Promise and Challenges of Privacy in Smart Cities: The Case of Phuket
Authors: Phusamruat Visakha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to examine privacy and personal data-related issues arising from the smart city development. Based on recent smart city campaigns in Phuket involving closed-circuit television (CCTV) installation and digitally-tracking wristbands, the author finds that local actors’ privacy perceptions and data processing practices substantially deviate from the privacy views and practices required by the Thai Personal Data Protection Act. This deviation will potentially result in the lack of actual implementation or inevitable forced changes to the local community life just to meet the new legal standard. The global–local tension created by norms brought by visitors from various cultural backgrounds and the local tradition makes finding a common ground far more difficult. The case demonstrates the limitations of current legal approaches to embracing diverse societal views and interests, while also paving the possibility of a new way to understand privacy in smart cities and integrate this knowledge into their universal design.
Digital Transformation in Banking: A Case from Vietnam
Authors: Ha Minh Son , Nguyen Thuy Linh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article aims to examine the literature on digital transformation in the banking sectors and the current commercial banks’ digital transformation landscape in Vietnam. The paper provides examples of some local commercial banks to show that digital banking should be considered an integral part of smart cities. The paper also analyzes the challenges facing Vietnamese banks in their digitalization process to become smarter banks. Next, the study makes some recommendations about how to leverage the digitalization process in the Vietnamese banking system. It can be concluded from this research that digital transformation is key to the banking industry creating value for the customer and keeping pace with innovation in smart cities where people expect real-time, instant gratification. This paper also suggests further research directions.
Learning from radiation at a very high energy lepton collider
Authors: Chen Siyu , Glioti Alfredo , Rattazzi Riccardo , Ricci Lorenzo , Wulzer Andrea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the potential of lepton collisions with about 10 TeV center of mass energy to probe Electroweak, Higgs and Top short-distance physics at the 100 TeV scale, pointing out the interplay with the long-distance (100 GeV) phenomenon of Electroweak radiation. On one hand, we find that sufficiently accurate theoretical predictions require the resummed inclusion of radiation effects, which we perform at the double logarithmic order. On the other hand, we notice that short-distance physics does influence the emission of Electroweak radiation. Therefore the investigation of the radiation pattern can enhance the sensitivity to new short-distance physical laws. We illustrate these aspects by studying Effective Field Theory contact interactions in di-fermion and di-boson production, and comparing cross-section measurements that require or that exclude the emission of massive Electroweak bosons. The combination of the two types of measurements is found to enhance the sensitivity to the new interactions. Based on these results, we perform sensitivity projections to Higgs and Top Compositeness and to minimal Z′ new physics scenarios at future muon colliders.
Secluded dark matter in gauged B − L model
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Priyotosh , Mitra Manimala , Padhan Rojalin , Roy Abhishek , Spannowsky Michael 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We consider the gauged B − L model which is extended with a secluded dark sector, comprising of two dark sector particles. In this framework the lightest $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
2-odd particle is the dark matter candidate, having a feeble interaction with all other SM and BSM states. The next-to-lightest $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
2-odd particle in the dark sector is a super-wimp, with large interaction strength with the SM and BSM states. We analyse all the relevant production processes that contribute to the dark matter relic abundance, and broadly classify them in two different scenarios, a) dark matter is primarily produced via the non-thermal production process, b) dark matter is produced mostly from the late decay of the next-to-lightest $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
2-odd particle. We discuss the dependency of the relic abundance of the dark matter on various model parameters. Furthermore, we also analyse the discovery prospect of the BSM Higgs via invisible Higgs decay searches.