bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Natural History of Primary Inner Ear Schwannomas: Outcomes of Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Khera Zain , Kay-Rivest Emily , Friedmann David R. , McMenomey Sean O. , Thomas Roland J. , Jethanamest Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To describe the natural history of primary inner ear schwannomas over a long follow-up period.

Study design
Retrospective case series.

Setting
Tertiary referral center.

Patients
Patients with primary inner ear schwannomas with serial audiometric and radiologic follow-up.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Patterns of hearing loss, rate of hearing decline, presence of vestibular symptoms, and rate of tumor growth.

Results
A total of 12 patients with 13 tumors were identified. The mean duration of follow-up was 7 years. Forty-six percent of tumors were intracochlear, 15% were intravestibular, 23% were transmodiolar, and 15% were intravestibular-cochlear. Hearing loss was the most common presenting symptom, occurring in all patients. Among patients with serviceable hearing (American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Class A or B) at the time of presentation, the average time to decline to a nonserviceable hearing level was 57.3 months (range, 21–117 mo). Hearing loss was sudden in 31% of patients, progressive in 61% and fluctuating in 8%. No patients had intractable vertigo; however, two required vestibular physiotherapy. On initial magnetic resonance imaging, the mean largest tumor dimension was 3.1 mm (standard deviation, 1.2 mm), and the mean largest dimension on most recent magnetic resonance imaging was 4.4 mm (standard deviation, 1.1 mm). Two tumors exhibited no growth over a follow-up of 11.3 and 2.8 years, respectively. Overall, the mean growth was 0.25 mm per year followed. Two patients underwent cochlear implantation with simultaneous tumor resection and had favorable outcomes.

Conclusion
Long-term follow-up suggests a conservative approach, with possible hearing rehabilitation at the time of deterioration, is a safe management strategy for primary inner ear schwannomas.
Using a 3-Phase Peer Feedback to Enhance Nursing Students' Reflective Abilities, Clinical Competencies, Feedback Practices, and Sense of Empowerment
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yoong Si Qi , Dong Yan Hong , Goh Sam Hongli , Lim Siriwan , Chan Yah Shih , Wang Wenru , Wu Xi Vivien 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Peer feedback (PF) has attracted much attention in health profession education with growing evidence on its benefits. However, it lacks a proper framework to guide its operation, which raises concerns about its quality in nursing education.

Purpose:
To compare the effects of a 3-phase PF versus faculty feedback (FF) on students' reflective abilities and clinical competencies after simulated practice, and its impacts on peer tutors' feedback practices and empowerment level.

Methods:
This study used a 3-arm pretest-posttest quasi-experimental methodology.

Results:
Peer verbal feedback significantly increased students' reflective abilities and clinical competencies, while peer video feedback significantly increased clinical competencies. However, FF outcomes did not reach significance. Peer tutors' empowerment level did not significantly improve, but feedback practices were perceived as comparable with FF.

Conclusions:
Peer feedback can potentially improve students' reflective abilities and clinical competencies. Proper feedback training with a structured framework will likely enhance peer tutors' feedback practices.
Nursing Students' Use of Harm Reduction in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Dion Kimberly , Choi Jeungok , Griggs Stephanie 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The use and awareness of harm reduction education strategies are missing from nursing care of people with substance use disorder (SUD).

Purpose:
To determine whether targeted training improved nursing students' application of harm reduction education in the clinical setting.

Methods:
This was an experimental 2-group repeated-measures survey study. Nursing students in a baccalaureate program received targeted training for 3 semesters. Training included presentations by people with lived experience, an addiction-trained physician, and a role-play exercise. Students received harm reduction education and reported on the application of this education.

Results:
Students in the traditional track cared for more people with SUD than students in the accelerated track. Referral for treatment was the most common education provided, and information related to injection drug use was the least commonly taught education.

Conclusions:
Targeted training increased the number of harm reduction options nursing students presented to people with SUD in the clinical setting.
Right Kidney Position for Laparoscopic Liver Resection of Tumors Located in the Posterosuperior Region
Authors: Notake Tsuyoshi , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Sugenoya Shinsuke , Hosoda Kiyotaka , Hayashi Hikaru , Yasukawa Koya , Umemura Kentaro , Kobayashi Ryoichiro , Soejima Yuji 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for tumors located in posterosuperior (PS) region of the liver (segment 7 or 8) is extremely challenging. Several techniques have been proposed; however, no standard procedure has yet been established. The aim of this study was to present and discuss the usefulness of the right kidney position as a unique idea of surgical position in LLR for tumors located in the PS region.

Materials and Methods:
For the right kidney position, the patient lay on the operating table in the left lateral decubitus position with the body bent so that the kidney rest (approximately the level of the twelfth rib) was elevated to extend the surgical area. The surgeon was positioned on the right or left side of the patient according to the situation during operation. An intercostal port was not used in any of the cases. The operating table was liberally rotated as per the surgeon’s preference. The liver was mobilized by dividing the right triangular and coronary ligaments. Full mobilization of the right liver was not routinely performed. Liver transection was performed under intermittent inflow occlusion in all cases.

Results:
Thirteen patients with tumors located in the PS region underwent LLR in the right kidney position at Shinshu University Hospital between June 2019 and May 2021. Of the 13 patients, 11 patients underwent limited liver resection and two underwent anatomic liver resection of segment 8. The right kidney position enables the surgeon to secure a wider surgical field under the dome and prevent the camera and forceps from hitting the ilium and interfering with the operation, and the surgical device can easily reach the lesion under the dome because of the migration to the caudal side of the liver. No patients required blood transfusion or conversion to open liver resection. The median surgical margin was 6 mm (range 0 to 9 mm).

Conclusions:
The right kidney position is useful, especially for the resection of tumors located in the PS region of the liver.
Single Versus Double Anastomosis Duodenal Switch in the Management of Obesity: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Nakanishi Hayato , Matar Reem H. , Vahibe Ahmet , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Galvani Carlos , Pullatt Rana , Davis Steven Scott , Clapp Benjamin , Ghanem Omar M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) is an effective yet technically challenging bariatric surgery with many complications. Alternatively, single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) was recently introduced as a simplified bariatric procedure. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of SADI-S compared with BPD-DS in the management of patients with obesity.

Methods:
Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles from their inception to May 2022 by 2 independent reviewers using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis system. The review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42022333521).

Results:
From 123 studies screened, 6 studies met the eligibility criteria, with a total of 1847 patients with obesity undergoing either SADI-S (n=818) or BPD-DS (n=1029). Preoperative body mass index was similar between the 2 groups, and the BPD-DS group had a greater % excess body mass index loss (EBMIL) (MD=−10.16%, 95% confidence interval: −11.80, −8.51, I2=0%) at 2 years compared with the SADI-S group. There was no difference observed in preoperative comorbidities and remission, including diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia between SADI-S and BPD-DS cohorts. Compared with BPD-DS, SADI-S had shorter hospital stays (MD=−1.36 d, 95% CI: −2.39, −0.33, I2=86%), and fewer long-term (>30 d) complications (OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.74, I2=20%). Conversely, among nutritional deficiency outcomes, the SADI-S group had few patients with abnormal vitamin D (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.72, I2=0%) values than the BPD-DS group.

Conclusions:
SADI-S has shown to be a possible alternative treatment option to BPD-DS in managing patients with obesity. Despite the promising results, further randomized controlled studies with more extended follow-up periods are necessary to ascertain the safety and efficacy of the treatment.
The Account of the Effect of Switch Probability on Switch and Mixing Costs: An ERP Study in a Cued Task-switching Paradigm
Authors: Wenwen Cheng , Yang Yan , Cui Liyan , Chen Ying , Zhang Weiguo , Zhang Xiong , Zhou Shu 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Whether the effect of switch probability on switch and mixing costs is explained by an activation or preparation account is unclear.

Objective:
To investigate the account of the effect of switch probability on switch and mixing costs.

Method:
We used a cued task-switching paradigm with three switch probabilities (high, 75%; medium, 50%; and low, 25%) with 19 healthy young adults and recorded the cue- and target-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance. The task included switch and stay trials under high, medium, and low switch conditions, as well as pure trials.

Results:
There was no significant difference in reaction time (RT) in switch and mixing costs between the high and medium switch conditions. The RT in switch and mixing costs in the high and medium switch conditions was significantly less and more than in the low switch condition, respectively. The cue-locked ERPs revealed significant effects on mixing costs (stay − pure) that were cue early frontal positivity (260–300 ms) in the high and medium switch conditions, and on switch costs (switch − stay) that were cue early central positivity (240–260 ms) in the low switch condition. Moreover, the target-locked ERPs of the mixing costs revealed significant effects on mixing costs that were target P3b (440–540 ms) in all three switch conditions, and on switch costs that were target P3b in the medium and low switch conditions.

Conclusion:
The effect of switch probability on switch and mixing costs is explained by the activation account.
Dentists’ attitudes and practices toward evidence-based dentistry: a systematic review
Authors: Feres Murilo Fernando Neuppmann , Ruiz-Rodrigues Larissa , Prado Viviane de Oliveira , Vicioni-Marques Fernanda , Feres Magda , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Flores-Mir Carlos 
Published: September 2022

Introduction and aims:
Considering that attitudes toward evidence-based dentistry (EBD) may predict implementation behaviors, the objective of this systematic review was to synthesize and evaluate the existing evidence related to dentists’ attitudes and practices toward EBD.

Methods:
We included primary studies that collected information from interviews, questionnaires, or conversation sessions with dentists. The following sources were searched: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, in addition to gray literature. The included studies were appraised according to the assessment tools recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute for qualitative and quantitative observational studies. Descriptive data were collected in standardized tables and descriptively synthesized.

Results:
The selection process resulted in 36 included studies. Dentists share positive opinions about EBD and predominantly report willingness to learn or adopt these practices. Despite high methodological risks and significant heterogeneity, the results collected in this review indicated that scientific journals, clinical practice guidelines, and trusted colleagues are generally perceived as influential and useful by dentists, who highly consulted these information sources.

Conclusion:
Despite supportive reported attitudes toward EBD, very low certainty exists about actual EBD-related practices.
Association between sexual violence and depression is mediated by perceived social support among female University students in the Kingdom of Eswatini
Authors: Fielding-Miller Rebecca , McDougal Lotus , Frost Elizabeth , Masuku Sakhile , Shabalala Fortunate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundGender-based violence is a tool that primarily functions to maintain gendered power hierarchies. As manifestations of gender-based violence, sexual assault and street harassment have been shown to have significant effects on mental wellbeing in the global North, however there is little research centering the experiences and consequences of gendered harassment in the Africa region.MethodsWe analyzed a cross-sectional random sample of women attending a major university in Eswatini in 2017 to measure the prevalence of street harassment among female university students and assess the relationship between experiences of sexual assault, sexualized street harassment, and mental health outcomes in this population.ResultsWe found that in the previous 12 months, women reported experiencing high levels of sexual assault (20%), street harassment (90%), and depression/anxiety (38%). Lifetime sexual assault, past 12 months sexual assault, and street harassment were all significantly associated with symptoms of depression. We created a structural model to test hypothesized causal pathways between street harassment, previous experiences of sexual assault, and symptoms of depression, with social support as a potential mediator. We found that a history of sexual violence significantly mediated the association between street harassment and depression, and that social support mediated a large proportion of the association between both forms of gender-based violence and depression.ConclusionSexualized street harassment is associated with increased anxiety and depression for nearly all women, however the effects are especially pronounced for women who have previous experiences of sexual violence. Sexualized street harassment functions as a tool to maintain gendered power hierarchies by reminding women of ongoing threat of sexual violence even in public spaces. Social support and solidarity among women is a potentially important source of resiliency against the physical and mental harms of all forms of gender based violence.
QTL mapping of the narrow-branch “Pendula” phenotype in Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.)
Authors: Gil-Muñoz Francisco , Bernhardsson Carolina , Ranade Sonali Sachin , Scofield Douglas G. , Pulkkinen Pertti O. , Ingvarsson Pär K. , García-Gil M. Rosario 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPendula-phenotyped Norway spruce has a potential forestry interest for high density plantations. This phenotype is believed to be caused by a dominant single mutation. Despite the availability of RAPD markers linked to the trait, the nature of the mutation is yet unknown. We performed a Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping based on two different progenies of F1 crosses between pendula and normal crowned trees using NGS technologies. Approximately 25 % of all gene bearing scaffolds of Picea abies genome assembly v1.0 were mapped to 12 linkage groups and a single QTL, positioned near the center of LG VI, was found in both crosses. The closest probe-markers placed on the maps were positioned 0.82 cM and 0.48 cM away from the Pendula marker in two independent pendula-crowned x normal-crowned wildtype crosses, respectively. We have identified genes close to the QTL region with differential mutations on coding regions and discussed their potential role in changing branch architecture.
Dose of approved COVID-19 vaccines is based on weak evidence: a review of early-phase, dose-finding trials
Authors: Dunn David , Gilson Richard , McCormack Sheena , McCoy Laura 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTAlthough over 12 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered globally, the important issue of whether the optimal doses are being used has been relatively neglected. To address this question, we reviewed the reports of early-phase dose-finding trials of the nine COVID-19 vaccines approved by World Health Organization (and one additional vaccine which showed partial clinical efficacy), extracting information on study design and findings on reactogenicity and early humoral immune response. The number of different doses evaluated per vaccine varied widely (range 1-7), as did the number of subjects studied per dose (range 15-190). As expected, the frequency and severity of adverse reactions generally increased at higher doses, although most were clinically tolerable. Higher doses also tended to elicit better immune responses, but differences between the maximum dose and the second-highest dose evaluated were small, typically less than 1.6-fold for both binding antibody concentration and neutralising antibody titre. All of the trials had at least one important design limitation: few doses evaluated, large gaps between adjacent doses, or an inadequate sample size. In general, it is therefore uncertain whether the single dose taken into clinical efficacy trials, and subsequently authorised by regulatory agencies, was optimal. In particular, the recommended doses for some vaccines appear to be unnecessarily high. Although reduced dosing for booster injections is an active area of research, the priming dose is equally deserving of study. We conclude by suggesting some ways in which the design of future trials of candidate COVID-19 vaccines could be improved.
Simplified Within Host and Dose-response models of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Xu Jingsi , Carruthers Jonathan , Finnie Thomas , Hall Ian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanistic dynamics of transmission is key to designing more targeted and effective interventions to limit the spread of infectious diseases. A well-described within-host model allows explicit simulation of how infectiousness changes over time at an individual level. This can then be coupled with dose-response models to investigate the impact of timing on transmission. We collected and compared a range of within-host models used in previous studies and identified a minimally-complex model that provides suitable within-host dynamics while keeping a reduced number of parameters to allow inference and limit unidentifiability issues. Furthermore, non-dimensionalised models were developed to further overcome the uncertainty in estimates of the size of the susceptible cell population, a common problem in many of these approaches. We will discuss these models, and their fit to data from the human challenge study (see Killingley et al. (2022)) for SARS-CoV-2 and the model selection results, which has been performed using ABC-SMC. The parameter posteriors have then used to simulate viral-load based infectiousness profiles via a range of dose-response models, which illustrate the large variability of the periods of infection window observed for COVID-19.
ETV6 Deficiency and Microsatellite Enhancers Drive Transcriptional Dysregulation in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Kodgule Rohan , Goldman Joshua W. , Monovich Alexander C. , Saari Travis , Hall Cody N. , Rajesh Niharika , Gupta Juhi , Aguilar Athalee , Brown Noah A. , Chiang Mark Y. , Cieslik Marcin P. , Ryan Russell J.H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDistal enhancers play critical roles in sustaining oncogenic gene expression programs. We identify aberrant enhancer-like activation of GGAA tandem repeats as a characteristic feature of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with genetic defects of the ETV6 transcriptional repressor, including ETV6-RUNX1+ and ETV6-null B-ALL. We show that GGAA repeat enhancers are direct activators of previously identified ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL “signature” genes, including likely oncogenic drivers. When restored to ETV6-deficient B-ALL cells, ETV6 directly binds to GGAA repeat enhancers, represses their acetylation, downregulates adjacent genes, and inhibits B-ALL growth. In ETV6-deficient B-ALL cells, we find that the ETS transcription factor ERG directly binds to GGAA microsatellite enhancers and is required for sustained activation of many repeat enhancer-activated genes. Together, our findings reveal a novel epigenetic gatekeeper function of the ETV6 tumor suppressor gene and establish microsatellite enhancers as a key mechanism underlying the unique gene expression program of ETV6-RUNX1+ B-ALL.SignificanceWe show that the oncogenic gene expression program of a common pediatric leukemia relies on repetitive noncoding elements that are not conserved between humans and rodents, placing important limitations on animal models for this disease. Our findings may present new opportunities for targeting cancer-specific chromatin dysregulation in leukemia.
Odorant Mixture Separation in Drosophila Early Olfactory System
Authors: Lazar Aurel A. , Liu Tingkai , Yeh Chung-Heng , Zhou Yiyin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNatural odorant scenes are complex landscapes comprising mixtures of volatile compounds. It was previously proposed that the Antennal Lobe circuit recovers the odorant identity in a concentration-invariant manner via divisive normalization of Local Neurons. It remains unclear, however, how identities of odorant components in a mixture is represented or recovered in the fruit fly early olfactory pathway. In the current work, we take a different approach from the traditional steady-state analyses that classify odorant mixture encoding into configural vs. elemental schemes. Instead, we focus on the spatio-temporal responses of the early olfactory pathway at the levels of the Antennal Lobe and the Mushroom Body, and formulate the odorant demixing problem as a blind source separation problem - where the identities of each individual odorant component and their corresponding concentration waveforms are recovered from the spatio-temporal PSTH of Olfactory Sensory Neurons (OSNs), Projection Neurons (PNs), and Kenyon Cells (KCs) respectively. Building upon previous models of the Antenna and the Antennal Lobe, we advanced a feedback divisive normalization architecture of the Mushroom Body Calyx circuit comprised of PN, KC and the giant Anterior Paired Lateral (APL) neuron. We demonstrate that the PN-KC-APL circuit produces a high dimensional representation of odorant mixture with robust sparsity, and results in greater odorant demixing performance than the PN responses.