bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an optimized X-ray blanket design on operator radiation dose in cardiac catheterization based on real-world angiography
Authors: Davidsen Cedric , Bolstad Kirsten , Ytre-Hauge Kristian , Samnøy Andreas Tefre , Vikenes Kjell , Tuseth Vegard 
Published: November 2022

Background
There is increasing concern and focus in the interventional cardiology community on potential long term health issues related to radiation exposure and heavy wearable protection. Optimized shielding measures may reduce operator dose to levels where lighter radioprotective garments can safely be used, or even omitted. X-ray blankets (XRB) are commercially available but suffer from small size and lack of stability. A larger XRB may reduce operator dose but could hamper vascular access and visualization. The aim of this study is to assess shielding effect of an optimized XRB during cardiac catheterization and estimate the potential reduction in annual operator dose based on DICOM Radiation Dose Structured Report (RDSR) data reflecting everyday clinical practice.

Methods
Data accumulated from 7681 procedures over three years in our RDSR repository was used to identify projection angles and radiation doses during cardiac catheterization. Using an anthropomorphic phantom and a scatter radiation detector, radiation dose to the operator (mSv) and patient (dose area product—DAP) was measured for each angiographic projection for three different shielding setups. Relative operator dose (mSv/DAP) was calculated and multiplied by DAP per projection to estimate effect on operator dose.

Results
Adding an optimized XRB to a standard shielding setup comprising a table- and ceiling-mounted shield resulted in a 94.9% reduction in estimated operator dose. The largest shielding effect was observed in left and cranial projections where the ceiling-mounted shield offered less protection.

Conclusions
An optimized XRB is a simple shielding measure that has the potential to reduce operator dose.
Criterion-related validity of Bedriddenness Rank with other established objective scales of ADLs, and Cognitive Function Score with those of cognitive impairment, both are easy-to-use official Japanese scales: A prospective observational study
Authors: Tago Masaki , Hirata Risa , Katsuki Naoko E. , Nakatani Eiji , Oda Yoshimasa , Yamashita Shun , Tokushima Midori , Tokushima Yoshinori , Aihara Hidetoshi , Fujiwara Motoshi , Yamashita Shu-ichi 
Published: November 2022

Aim
Bedriddenness Rank (BR) and Cognitive Function Score (CFS), issued by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, are easy-to-use and widely used in the medical and long-term care insurance systems in Japan. This study aims to clarify the criterion-related validity of the CFS with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and ABC Dementia Scale (ABC-DS), and to re-evaluate the criterion-related validity of BR with the Barthel Index (BI) or Katz Index (KI) in more appropriate settings and a larger population compared with the previous study.

Methods
A single-center prospective observational study was conducted in an acute care hospital in a suburban city in Japan. All inpatients aged 20 years or older admitted from October 1, 2018 to September 30, 2019. The relationship between BR and the BI and KI, and the relationship between CFS and the MMSE and ABC-DS were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients.

Results
We enrolled 3,003 patients. Of these, 1,664 (56%) patients exhibited normal BR. The median (interquartile range) values of the BI and KI were 100 (65–100) and 6 (2–6), respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between BR and the BI and KI were −0.891 (p < 0.001) and −0.877 (p < 0.001), respectively.
Of the patients, 1,967 (65.5%) showed normal CFS. The median (interquartile range) MMSE of 951 patients with abnormal CFS and ABC-DS of all patients were 15 (2–21) and 117 (102–117), respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between CFS and MMSE and ABC-DS were −0.546 (p < 0.001) and −0.862 (p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions
BR and CFS showed significant criterion-related validity with well-established but complicated objective scales for assessing activities of daily living and cognitive functions, respectively. These two scales, which are easy to assess, are reliable and useful in busy clinical practice or large-scale screening settings.
The Value of Drawing Instructions in the Visual Arts and Across Curricula: Historical and philosophical arguments for drawing in the digital age, Seymour Simmons (2021)
Authors: Chabrier Renaud 
Published: November 2022

Review of: The Value of Drawing Instructions in the Visual Arts and Across Curricula: Historical and philosophical arguments for drawing in the digital age, Seymour Simmons (2021)
New York and London: Routledge, 396 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13847-997-5, h/bk, £96
ISBN 978-1-35106-418-7, e-book, £30
United by Cuts: Exploring the Symmetry between How Lawyers and Expert Witnesses Experience Funding Cuts
Authors: Welsh Lucy , Clarke Amy 
Published: November 2022

This article highlights that defence lawyers and expert witnesses appear to have experienced the impact of criminal legal aid funding cuts in similar ways. Despite the very different and specialized nature of their respective work, both sets of professional participants in the criminal process identify that funding cuts create problems around sustainability and quality of service.
While a growing body of literature has well documented, and continues to document, the perilous position that defence lawyers are in as a result of funding cuts, less is known about the effect of funding cuts on the work done by expert witnesses. To that end, we conducted two focus groups with expert witnesses during which we put to them some findings from our study of the impact of legal aid cuts on lawyers conducting appellate and Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC) case work. During interviews in the CCRC study, it became apparent that defence lawyers were struggling to instruct expert witnesses, so we wanted to explore that issue more with expert witnesses themselves. In doing so, we discovered a significant overlap in the concerns expressed by both defence lawyers and expert witnesses regarding the ways in which their work was affected by funding cuts.
Keywords: expert witnesses; legal aid; defence lawyers; sustainability; quality; morale.
Slow Train to Reforming Anti-Dumping Measures: Concrete Solutions for the Future
Authors: Yilmazcan Abdulkadir 
Published: November 2022

Normative solutions to reform the Anti-Dumping Agreement include a comprehensive amendment of the Agreement. Such a revision has already been suggested in the literature, but this study departs from most others by prioritizing procedural issues rather than substantive ones. The study proposes changes to enhancing procedural justice in anti-dumping processes. Due to the constraints on the substantive reform of the Anti-Dumping Agreement in a short timescale, other possibilities are also discussed in order to improve procedural justice, including: (i) publishing best practice guidelines; (ii) creating a standard questionnaire to be used by all World Trade Organization (WTO) members; (iii) reforming and fixing the WTO dispute settlement mechanism; (iv) raising awareness among exporters that cooperation with investigating authorities may have a significant effect on the anti-dumping measures imposed; (v) improving the accounting systems for Chinese exporters; (vi) introducing a support tool for exporters or exporting countries, such as the Advisory Centre on WTO Law in Geneva; and (vii) providing software to assist exporters to fill in questionnaires.
Keywords: World Trade Organization; Anti-Dumping Agreement; Negotiating Group on Rules; procedural justice.
Mandatory Mediation in England and Wales
Authors: Clark Bryan 
Published: November 2022

This article is concerned with the thorny issue of mandatory mediation. In so doing, the piece charts the development of court-linked mediation in England and Wales from the days of the Woolf reforms and examines the growing clamour from judges, policymakers, commentators and, more recently, mediators for a shift from a mere cajoling of parties to mediate to outright compulsion. The article examines recent proposals for the introduction of mandatory mediation in English civil justice and sets out the view that, while mandatory mediation is inevitable and not per se objectionable on legal or policy grounds, care must be taken to ensure that it is implemented in such a way as to balance up different important policy drivers including efficiency, preserving the qualitative goals of mediation and filling the ‘justice gap’ that mediating in the shadow of the court can leave.
Keywords: mediation; mandatory mediation; access to justice; court-based mediation; mediation policy; litigants in person.
Judges in the Dock
Authors: Nathan Barrie Lawrence 
Published: November 2022

This article refers to judges, in the UK and elsewhere, who have themselves been convicted of or accused of a crime, whether while still officiating as a judge, before their appointment, or after their retirement. The most obvious criminal offence of which judges are guilty is bribery. This is considered in this article, but there is a wide range of offences from smuggling to murder, including, along the way, perjury, perverting the course of justice, two judges sent to prison for passing sentences which were much too heavy and one judge imprisoned for passing a sentence which was much too light. It examines the ways in which such judges have been dealt with and disparities of sentence.
Keywords: perjury; perverting the course of justice; points-swapping; sentencing.
Putting a Social and Cultural Framework on the Evidence Act
Authors: Goddard J David , Chen Mai 
Published: November 2022

What follows are presentations to a seminar on the Supreme Court decision in Deng v Zheng (2022): guidance on bringing relevant social and cultural information to the court’s attention. The case concerned whether, despite a lack of formal documentation, the parties had entered into a legal partnership, of which they would be jointly responsible for the debts of the partnership. Two issues arose relating to the culture of the parties: namely, whether the meaning to be ascribed to 公司 (gingsi) went beyond ‘company’ and could extend to ‘firm’ or ‘enterprise’ and the significance of 关系 (guanxi). Both parties are Chinese and their business relationship appeared to have been conducted in Mandarin. Justice Goddard was the presiding judge in Zheng v Deng (2020), the Court of Appeal judgment appealed to the Supreme Court. Mai Chen appeared with two other lawyers on behalf of the intervenor, the New Zealand Law Society.
Keywords: social and cultural framework; Evidence Act; expert evidence; translations; interpreters; adjudicative facts; social facts; legislative facts; stereotyping; subconscious bias; judicial notice; reliable published documents.
Case Judgment: England & Wales - Bates v Post Office Ltd (No 3: Common Issues) Judgment by Coulson LJ
Authors: Case Judgment: England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case citation:
Bates v Post Office Ltd ((No 3) Common Issues) Judgment by Coulson LJ on the application by the Post Office Limited to appeal against the decision in Bates v Post Office Ltd ((No 3) Common Issues) [2019] EWHC 606 (QB), (Case No A1/2019/1387/PTA), Supplement, 18 Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review (2021)
Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055 Day 19 13 June 2019
Authors: Case Transcript England & Wales 
Published: November 2022

Case Transcript - Bates v Post Office Limited, TLQ 17 4055
Day 19 13 June 2019
England & Wales; theft; electronic evidence; Post Office Horizon System; ‘reliability’ of computers
Assigning IACS cybersecurity responsibility conformant with the UK Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018
Authors: Ladkin Peter Bernard , Thomas Martyn 
Published: November 2022

Industrial plants constituting a society’s critical infrastructure, for example electricity-generation and water-supply, contain industrial automation and control systems (IACS). IACS nowadays increasingly contain many digital-electronic components whose behaviour is software-controlled. Amongst engineered artifacts, software and thus software-controlled systems are particularly susceptible to functional weakness (‘bugs’ and ‘vulnerabilities’). Such weakness can be exploited by nefarious parties (‘hackers’) to disrupt the critical operation of the plant; a phenomenon called cyber-insecurity whose contrary, cybersecurity, refers to the resistance of the plant to such exploitation. The UK Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018 SI 2018 No. 506 (NIS Regulations) address the cybersecurity of systems within the critical infrastructure, establishing response and reporting requirements for cybersecurity incidents. In January 2022, Her Majesty’s Government issued a call for comments on enhancing the NIS Regulations, following a 2020 review. We derive here detailed organisational reporting and response requirements based on a computer-scientific understanding of the engineering issues, in an environment which includes a central vulnerability-reporting organisation (ICS-CERT, now part of US CISA (CISA, no date), or cyber security incident response team (CSIRT)) as required under the NIS Regulations.
Index words: IACS, ICS, cybersecurity, responsibility, safety, software, vulnerabilities, organisational responsibility, duties, mandate.
Filosofia da práxis e as práticas político-pedagógicas populares
Authors: Semeraro Giovanni 
Published: November 2022

FILOSOFIA DA PRÁXIS E AS PRÁTICAS POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICAS POPULARES
RESUMO: O artigo resgata o sentido “revolucionário” da filosofia da práxis inaugurada por K. Marx e aprofundada por A. Gramsci e aponta conexões com as atuais práticas político-pedagógicas populares. Mostra como Marx revoluciona a concepção de filosofia não apenas porque unifica inseparavelmente pensamento e atividade material, teoria e prática, mas, principalmente pelo fato inaudito de reconhecer o protagonismo histórico do proletariado. É Gramsci, no entanto, quem explicita, amplia e atualiza de maneira original as virtualidades da filosofia da práxis mostrando os aspectos que a projetam como a mais avançada visão de mundo e como expressão revolucionária das classes subalternas que se organizam politicamente para romper com a submissão e se tornar dirigentes. Sendo uma construção histórica que assume diferentes configurações em diversas situações e lugares, o artigo traça uma análise das novas formas que hoje a filosofia da práxis apresenta nas insurgências populares que vêm ocorrendo no Brasil e no mundo.
Palavras-chave: Filosofia. Política. Educação.
RIASSUNTO: L’articolo riscatta la dimensione “rivoluzionaria” della filosofia della prassi inaugurata da K. Marx e approfondita da A. Gramsci e segnala punti di contatto con le attuali pratiche politico-pedagogiche popolari. Mette in evidenza come Marx rivoluziona la concezione di filosofia non solo perché unifica inseparabilmente pensiero e attività materiale, teoria e pratica, ma principalmente per il fatto inaudito di riconoscere il protagonismo storico del proletariato. È Gramsci, però, l’autore che esplicita, allarga e attualizza in modo originale le virtualità della filosofia della prassi mostrando gli aspetti che la proiettano come la più avanzata visione di mondo e come espressione rivoluzionaria delle classi subalterne che si organizzano politicamente per vincere la sottomissione e diventare dirigenti. Essendo una costruzione storica che assume differenti configurazioni in diversi luoghi e situazioni, l’articolo traccia un’analisi delle forme che oggi la filosofia della prassi presenta nelle insorgenze popolari che avvengono in Brasile e nel mondo.
Parole chiave: Filosofia. Politica. Educazione.
Data de registro: 10/03/2014
Data de aceite:23/04/2014
escola unitária e o papel da filosofia da educação na nova ordem mundial
Authors: Soares Rosemary Dore 
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Neste ensaio aborda-se recentes transformações nas esferas econômica, social, política e ideológica, em nível internacional, caracterizando urna "nova ordem mundial", onde emergem novas formas de organização do trabalho. Nesse quadro, é recolocado o ideal de unidade entre as formações técnica e científica, princípio formativo que já estava presente na proposta educacional burguesa, a "escola nova", e na socialista, a "escola unitária". Entretanto, nem o capitalismo e nem o "socialismo real" puderam concretizá-lo, devido às contradições sociais que essas sociedades não conseguiram superar. Tendo em vista a reapresentação desse princípio, fundando-se em novas demandas do capitalismo, propõe-se discutir o papel da escola unitária e da Filosofia da Educação nesse novo contexto social, considerando-se que o terna da formação geral é parte integrante dos seus conteúdos.
Palavras-chave: Política educacional; Filosofia da Educação; Formações Técnica e Científica; Organização do Trabalho.

Abstract: This text approaches the transformations in the economic, social, political and ideological spheres, at international level, characterizing a "new world order", and new emerging forms of organization of work. Studies already completed on the subject indicate that the more modem industrial relationships make demands on the multiskilled worker, replacing the ideal of unity between the technical and scientific forms. This formative principle already existed both in the bourgeoisie education proposal, the "new school". Neither capitalism nor real socialism, meanwhile, could provide this principle, owing to social contradictions that these societies could not overcome. Considering that this principle is once more the order of the day, now based on the current the demands of capitalism, we propose to discuss the role of the Unitary school in this new social context. We also focus on the role of Philosophy of Education, because a scientific education is part of its content, i. e., part of an unitary education.
Da ideologia no ensino da Geografia de 1º a 2º Graus
Authors: Vlach Vânia Rúbia Farias 
Published: November 2022

Estamos reunidos, futuros professores de 1º e 2º graus, em um espaço institucional: a escola, que pretendemos discutir, e em cujo interior interessa-nos particularmente a questão do ensino da Geografia.
Quem institucionalizou a escola? Por quê? As mesmas perguntas (e outras) devem se voltar à nossa questão central.
Ao mesmo tempo, a escola é aquela instituição social em que parte da população (nem todos têm acesso a ela), em um dado período, assinala, de uma maneira específica, a sua participação na sociedade mais ampla. Ora, participamos da vida social no sentido lato através do trabalho. Nesse sentido, ainda que soe como paradoxo, a escola é também um espaço de trabalho. Certamente, não é o espaço da fábrica, mas exige disciplina (intelectual); nem o do folguedo, embora às vezes se transforme no “jogo de ensinar”.
[…] Será que estamos negando o conhecimento, que, sob a forma de conteúdos “didaticamente” selecionados e distribuídos, parece ter sustentado a escola durante muito tempo?
[…]
Palavras-chave: Ideologia; Geografia; Escola; Instituição social; Espaço da fábrica; Ensino.
Přítomnost losí populace ve volné přírodě z pohledu dospívajících žáků
Authors: Andreska Jan , Hartlová Adéla 
Published: November 2022

V posledních letech se stále častěji setkáváme s reintrodukčními snahami nebo samovolnými návraty živočišných druhů do míst, ze kterých byly postupně vytlačováni, až došlo k jejich úplnému vyhubení. Takovémuto reintrodukčnímu procesu a efektivní pomoci při samovolných návratech předchází řada politických a vědeckých příprav, jednou z nichž je výzkum veřejného myšlení. V případě této studie se jedná o výzkum postojů žáků různých typů škol k vybranému druhu, tedy losu evropskému (Alces alces), a hledání faktorů, které tyto postoje mohou ovlivňovat. K tomuto účelu jsme zvolili formu dotazníkového šetření s následným vyhodnocením v programu MS Excel, Statistica 12 a Jamovi. Na základě čehož zde ukazujeme, že postoje žáků se mění v závislosti na jejich znalostech o losu evropském a také se strachem z tohoto druhu.
Material Characterization Testing of Synthetic Granular Composites Used in Equine Sports Surfaces
Authors: Bridge John W. , Yeung Cham Hang , Liu Charles , Leonen Elijah , Weisshaupt Kristofer , Dempsey Kaleb M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCurrent material analytical characterization methods for synthetic equine granular composites used in thoroughbred horse racetracks in equine sports arenas are discussed. These synthetic granular composites exist at several popular racing surfaces in the United States and around the globe as a replacement for traditional dirt surfaces. These synthetic materials are composed of sand, polymer fiber, and rubber particulate components bound together by a wax polymeric binder. Materials testing is performed to analyze material constituent properties and how they change over time because of use, environmental factors, and surface maintenance with the goal of increasing surface consistency and the subsequent safety of bulk equine sport surfaces. The binder and component tests discussed are Soxhlet extraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, refractive index, rheology, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. Correlations to recently published and proposed equine ASTM standards are addressed with example test results.
Thermal Behavior of a Novel Solar Hybrid Road for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Vizzari Domenico , Dumoulin Jean , Chailleux Emmanuel , Gennesseaux Eric , Lavaud Stéphane , Bouron Stéphane , Manceau Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Transportation is undergoing a radical transformation toward a novel way of thinking about road pavement: a sustainable, multifunctional infrastructure able to satisfy mobility needs, ensuring high safety standards, low carbon impact, automated detection through smart sensors, and resilience against natural and anthropogenic hazards. In this scenario, the road could also play a role for energy harvesting, thanks to the exploitation of solar radiation. The latter can be directly converted into electricity by solar cells placed under a semitransparent layer, or it can be harvested through a calorific flowing fluid. The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of “hybrid road,” which is able to exploit both approaches. The innovative pavement is a multilayered structure composed by a semitransparent top layer made of glass aggregates bonded together thanks to a semitransparent resin, an electrical layer containing the solar cells, a porous asphalt layer for the circulation of the calorific fluid, and finally, a base waterproof layer. The hybrid road can generate electricity, contrast the heat-island effect, exploit the harvested energy to run a heat pump for heating purposes, or facilitate road deicing during winter. The present paper details experimental data obtained through energetic tests performed with a laboratory-size prototype of the hybrid road. The results show that the prototype is able to harvest around 55.2 W through the heat-transfer fluid. Furthermore, the heat exchange between water and asphalt has a cooling effect on the entire prototype.