bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer brain metastasis: Current evidence and future directions
Authors: Sun Hongna , Xu Junnan , Dai Shuang , Ma Yiwen , Sun Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths after lung cancer. Metastasis of the central nervous system is a terrible event for breast cancer patients, affecting their survival and quality of life. Compared with hormone receptor‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative breast cancer patients, brain metastases are more likely to affect patients with triple‐negative breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer. The treatment of breast cancer has improved greatly in the last two decades. However, brain metastases from breast cancer remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients with breast cancer brain metastasis have been in an inferior position due to the lack of clinical research in this field, and they are often explicitly excluded from almost all clinical trials. The occurrence and progression of brain metastases will result in severe cognitive impairment and adverse physical consequences, so we must have a good understanding of the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer brain metastasis. In this article, we have retrieved the latest literature of molecules and pathways associated with breast cancer brain metastasis, summarized common therapy strategies, and discussed the prospects and clinical implications of targeting the molecules involved.
Bile acid‐based advanced drug delivery systems, bilosomes and micelles as novel carriers for therapeutics
Authors: Nemati Mohadeseh , Fathi‐Azarbayjani Anahita , Al‐Salami Hani , Roshani Asl Elmira , Rasmi Yousef 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus affects almost half a billion patients worldwide and results from either destruction of β‐cells responsible for insulin secretion or increased tissue resistance to insulin stimulation and the reduction of glycemic control. Novel drug delivery systems can improve treatment efficacy in diabetic patients. The low aqueous solubility of most oral antidiabetic drugs decreases drug bioavailability; therefore, there is a demand for the use of novel methods to overcome this issue. The application of bile acids mixed micelles and bilosomes can provide an enhancement in drug efficacy. Bile acids are amphiphilic steroidal molecules that contain a saturated tetracyclic hydrocarbon cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring, and consist of three 6‐membered rings and a 5‐membered ring, a short aliphatic side chain, and a tough steroid nucleus. This review offers a comprehensive and informative data focusing on the great potential of bile acid, their salts, and their derivatives for the development of new antidiabetic drug delivery system.
Endogenous Proteins Modulation in Live Cells with Small Molecules and Light
Authors: Zeng Kaixing , Han Lili , Chen Yiyun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProtein modulation by light illumination enables the investigation of biological function in high spatiotemporal precision. Compared to genetic methods, the small molecule approach is uniquely suited for modulating endogenous proteins. Endogenous protein modulation in live cells with small molecules and light has recently advanced on three distinctive frontiers: i) the infrared‐light‐induced or localized decaging of small molecules by photolysis, ii) the visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic releasing of small molecules, and iii) the small‐molecule‐ligand‐directed caging for photomodulation of proteins. Together, these methods provide powerful chemical biology tool kits for spatiotemporal modulation of endogenous proteins with potential therapeutic applications. This Concept article aims to inspire organic chemists and chemical biologists to delve into this burgeoning endogenous protein modulation field for new biological discoveries.
siRNA‐based nanotherapeutics as emerging modalities for immune‐mediated diseases: A preliminary review
Authors: Sargazi Saman , Arshad Rabia , Ghamari Reza , Rahdar Abbas , Bakhshi Ali , Karkan Sonia Fathi , Ajalli Narges , Bilal Muhammad , Díez‐Pascual Ana M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImmune‐mediated diseases (IMDs) are chronic conditions that have an immune‐mediated etiology. Clinically, these diseases appear to be unrelated, but pathogenic pathways have been shown to connect them. While inflammation is a common occurrence in the body, it may either stimulate a favorable immune response to protect against harmful signals or cause illness by damaging cells and tissues. Nanomedicine has tremendous promise for regulating inflammation and treating IMIDs. Various nanoparticles coated with nanotherapeutics have been recently fabricated for effective targeted delivery to inflammatory tissues. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a tremendous genetic approach, particularly if traditional treatments are ineffective against IMDs. In cells, several signaling pathways can be suppressed by using RNAi, which blocks the expression of particular messenger RNAs. Using this molecular approach, the undesirable effects of anti‐inflammatory medications can be reduced. Still, there are many problems with using short‐interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to treat IMDs, including poor localization of the siRNAs in target tissues, unstable gene expression, and quick removal from the blood. Nanotherapeutics have been widely used in designing siRNA‐based carriers because of the restricted therapy options for IMIDs. In this review, we have discussed recent trends in the fabrication of siRNA nanodelivery systems, including lipid‐based siRNA nanocarriers, liposomes, and cationic lipids, stable nucleic acid‐lipid particles, polymeric‐based siRNA nanocarriers, polyethylenimine (PEI)‐based nanosystems, chitosan‐based nanoformulations, inorganic material‐based siRNA nanocarriers, and hybrid‐based delivery systems. We have also introduced novel siRNA‐based nanocarriers to control IMIDs, such as pulmonary inflammation, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. This study will pave the way for new avenues of research into the diagnosis and treatment of IMDs.
tert‐Butylhydroquinone‐induced formation of high‐molecular‐weight p62: A novel mechanism in the activation of Nrf2‐Keap1
Authors: Chen Yunfang , Cao Hua , He Wan , Zhang Xi , Xu Ruilian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe respiratory system is always exposed to air and is most vulnerable to attack by environmental free radicals. The nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2–Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1–antioxidant response element (Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE) pathway and p62 are both involved in the oxidative stress response. However, the interplay between these two systems remains largely unknown. This study shows that treatment of L2 cells with tert‐Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) generates a high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) form of p62, leading to activation of the Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE pathway. The levels of HMW‐p62 increased as the tBHQ concentration increased, with concomitant decreases seen in the classical form of p62. Moreover, small interfering RNA targeting p62 increases Keap1 protein levels and inactivates the Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE pathway. These results demonstrate that the Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway is partially regulated by p62. tBHQ‐induced HMW‐p62 production may be a novel mechanism in the activation of the Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE pathway.
Recognizing Design Issues in Process Industry for Safer Design
Authors: Zakaria Zafirah , Mahmud Hafizah , Kidam Kamarizan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, accident cause analysis was used to generate a number of design failure elements (DFEs) that highlight the general classification of design errors. Then, a database of cases, suggesting design changes from unsafe to safe design, was compiled from journals, accident corrective action, and patents to identify the chemical industry design issues (DIs). The DIs were then classed under DFEs and into five main equipment categories, namely, reaction, separation, heat transfer, storage, and pipe and piping system. The database analysis reveals that the layout accounts for 17.4 % of DFEs, followed by equipment error (17.29 %) and reaction and reactive condition (16.86 %). For the equipment category, the reaction equipment had the highest DI which was related to the DFE of reaction and the reactive condition.
Temperature Difference‐Based Fouling Detection in the Heat Exchanger of Gas‐Solid Fluidized Beds
Authors: Choi Jae Won , Shin Seokhee , Park Soo Youp , Youn Pil-Sang , Yu Seungho , Kim Daewook , Choi Jeong-Hoo , Kim Ki Chul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the harmfulness of absorbent fouling, its fundamental understanding is limited. The fouling behaviors in fluidized beds charged by CO2 absorbent particles were therefore examined under various physical conditions to identify key parameters that can assist in the direct detection of absorbent fouling. The results demonstrate that the absorbent fouling conditions cooperatively rely on multiple parameters: the cooling water temperature, the riser temperature, and the air velocity, with a minimal impact of the particle type. The physical parameters were found to be vitally correlated with another crucial factor: the relative humidity, implying that modulation of the relative humidity would be essential to prevent absorbent fouling in fluidized beds.
Social structures, social change and the metric/nonmetric distinction
Authors: Guy Jean‐Sébastien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how the concepts of social structure and social change are interpreted in sociological theory today. Social structures are commonly defined in opposition with agency and accordingly as constraints on action. Concomitantly, social change is understood as emancipation or the removal of such constraint through the exercise of agency (and for it). Against this common understanding, the paper develops an alternative approach so as first to articulate a more sophisticated model of social change, one that does not boil to an over‐dramatic opposition between constraint and release from constraint, and second to distinguish between different types of social structures, metric and nonmetric, thereby making room for a variety of social changes depending on how structures interact with other structures.
Ifosfamide‐induced acute kidney injury in a patient with leiomyosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Boskabadi Javad , Yousefi‐Mazhin Ehsan , Salehifar Ebrahim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that is derived from smooth muscles. Ifosfamide is in use for advanced metastatic LMS.CaseA‐44‐years old woman with a chief complaint of pain in the epigastric area, itching, coughing, nausea, and vomiting was referred to the emergency department. Her medical history was LMS. She had taken Ifosfamide and mesna in her last chemotherapy. Seventy percent of her liver and her left kidney were removed 4 years ago to prevent the progress of the disease. Because of the increase in the level of creatinine and urea in the initial laboratory report, a Shaldon catheter was inserted for the patient, and she was under emergency dialysis for 3 h. In addition, during the six‐day hospitalization period, dialysis was done two times. Finally, the patient was discharged with improved clinical tests accompanied by a twice‐weekly dialysis order.ConclusionIfosfamide is metabolized into chloroacetaldehyde, which can cause acute kidney injury. Recovery from acute kidney injury may not always be perfect and can lead to some degree of chronic kidney disease. Opposite to hemorrhagic cystitis, mesna is not effective in preventing ifosfamide's nephrotoxicity and N‐acetylcysteine may be effective in the prevention of this nephrotoxicity.
A novel trust recommendation model in online social networks using soft computing methods
Authors: Sirisala NageswaraRao , Yarava Anitha , Reddy Y. C. A. Padmanabha , Poola Veeresh 
Published: July 2022

SummarySocial network (OSN) is an emerging platform through which people can connect with their friends, relatives, and other like‐minded people. On the other hand, users' personal information might be misused because of other users' biased and malicious behavior. Establishing a trusted environment in social networks is one of the current research problems. Some of the research papers proposed to trust computational methods, but still, there is a lack of methods to handle biased recommendations and loss of trust accuracy towards the target user. In this article, to address these open issues, “a novel trust recommendation model in online social networks using soft computing methods (TRMSC)” is proposed for the Twitter social networks. Here direct and indirect trust is computed for known and unknown users, respectively. The direct trust of a user is computed using clustering methods based on his social activities (posts, retweets received, mentions received, listed count, and follower count) with other users. In the computation of indirect trust, the impact of biased recommendations is suppressed using the Dempster Shafer theory(DST) method, and loss of trust is minimized using trust transitive matrices. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Time and space complexities are measured using asymptotic notations. In experimental results, TRMSC is evaluated for different network sizes and for target users at different distances (2 to 4‐hops), where it could perform better than existing methods.
An arbitrable multi‐replica data auditing scheme based on smart contracts
Authors: Tian Junfeng , Yang Qian 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn order to improve the availability and persistence of data, lightweight cloud users want to store multiple‐replicas of the original file on the server with less local computing and storage overhead. Meanwhile, to ensure the integrity of the remote storage data, some schemes have been designed to allow public verification. However, most existing schemes only focus on malicious cloud service providers and ignore the possibility that dishonest users cheat for profit. This article implements an arbitrable data auditing scheme under multi‐replica storage. The scheme adopts a new arbitration mechanism under multi‐replica storage, makes use of the non‐tampering characteristics of smart contracts, carries out reliable verification through miners, and realizes the timely detection and punishment of any fraudulent entity. In addition, the scheme also designs a multi‐replica storage model based on the B* tree, realizes the batch verification of replica blocks, enables the fraud behavior of malicious users to be identified after data update, and improves the space utilization efficiency. The article also gives detailed security proof of the proposed scheme. The evaluation result shows our scheme not only realizes a more practical and fairer audit scheme but also has lower computational overhead than current state‐of‐the‐art multi‐replica arbitrable schemes.
CSFPA: An intelligent hybrid workflow scheduling algorithm based upon global and local optimization approach in cloud
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Khurana Savita , Harnal Shilpi , Lone Showkat Ahmad 
Published: July 2022

SummaryIn cloud, the most prominent area is workflow scheduling due to its widespread application in different domains. It comes under the NP‐complete problem, henceforth researchers have suggested the nature‐inspired heuristics and metaheuristic algorithms but still, the results of these heuristics are not optimal. These algorithms are not competitive but complementary to each other, so in that case, hybridization may yield better results. Since then, researchers have started to combine different heuristics for better results. But in this process of hybridization, the two most important factors have not been considered yet, namely global and local optimization. The proposed work has considered the two most popular nature‐inspired workflow scheduling Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm and Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) for hybridization. CS works best for global optimization, and FPA provides good results in the case of local optimization. The proposed work leveraged the benefits of both optimizations and proposed a novel hybrid algorithm entitled Cuckoo Search Flower Pollination Algorithm (CSFPA). The proposed hybrid algorithm uses multi‐objective functions to minimize cost and time and thus enhance the utilization of resources. The CSFPA algorithm has been compared with both single nature aspired algorithms and hybrid algorithm for performance evaluation.
High‐throughput Method for Novel Medium Development for Culture of Anaerobic Gut Bacteria
Authors: Wornell Kristina , Pardesi Bikiran , Lee Kevin , Boycheva Svetlana , Roberton Anthony M. , White W. Lindsey 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGut microbiota play important roles in the health of their host and detailed investigation of these organisms requires in vitro culture. Culturing strictly anaerobic bacteria can be a challenge as the gut environment they inhabit is nutritionally complex. Use of complex media containing nutritionally rich but undefined gut fluid reduces the accuracy of physiological and metabolomic studies. Here we present a high‐throughput protocol for comparing growth rates of fastidiously anaerobic bacteria on different media. These protocols can be used to develop a solid medium made up of commercially sourced ingredients, providing replicable growth conditions for previously uncultured anaerobic bacteria. As many fastidious bacteria grow poorly in a liquid broth, these protocols measure bacterial growth rate on solid media. These protocols speed up and simplify the growth rate measurement process by using a multiwell format and equations in place of physical McFarland standards to calculate approximate cell density. Bacterial strains belonging to the families Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae (phylum Firmicutes) isolated from the hindgut of Kyphosus sydneyanus were used to demonstrate the efficacy of these protocols. Bacterial growth rates were compared between a nutritionally rich medium with gut fluid versus a novel replicable medium with mannitol. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of solid YCFA growth mediumBasic Protocol 2: Collection of fish gut samples and plating to single isolatesBasic Protocol 3: Genetic identification of single isolates with colony PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencingBasic Protocol 4: Measurement of bacterial growth rates on solid media
Receptor Interactome Discovery with RDIMIS, a Membrane Protein Interaction Screen Using Recombinant Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Sanchez Ariana D. , Peterson Sean M. , Reichelt Mike , Amador Christian M. , Martinez‐Martin Nadia , Cao Shengya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMembrane protein interactions are challenging to identify because of the unique biophysical characteristics of both transmembrane proteins and membrane environments. The Receptor Display in Membranes Interaction Screen (RDIMIS) platform overcomes these challenges by screening transmembrane and membrane‐proximal proteins in a membrane environment using recombinant extracellular vesicles (rEVs). The screen has been used to successfully identify interactions for difficult‐to‐study receptors in an unbiased manner. In this report, we detail how we generate rEVs, characterize the rEVs to ensure screen‐readiness, and perform the full interaction screening, with emphasis on the criteria necessary to obtain clear, interpretable results. We also include support protocols for generating a screening library and validating screening results, as well as an alternate protocol for RDIMIS enabling the profiling of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Generating and isolating extracellular vesicles from cellsBasic Protocol 2: Characterizing recombinant extracellular vesiclesSupport Protocol 1: Preparing the receptor screening libraryBasic Protocol 3: Performing the Receptor Display in Membranes Interaction Screen (RDIMIS)Support Protocol 2: Validating RDIMIS results using microscopyAlternate Protocol: Detecting unlabeled endogenous vesicles
DNA barcoding, multilocus phylogeny, and morphometry reveal phenotypic plasticity in the Chinese freshwater mussel Lamprotula caveata (Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Authors: Wu Ruiwen , Liu Xiongjun , Guo Liang , Zhou Chunhua , Ouyang Shan , Wu Xiaoping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccurate species identification is crucial for developing conservation strategies for freshwater mussels, one of the most imperiled faunas in the world. Traditionally, mussel species description primarily relied on conchological characters. However, shell morphology has great variability, which leads to the complexity of species delimitation. As endemic species to China, Lamprotula caveata was originally described by Heude (1877). Lamprotula quadrangulosus and Lamprotula contritus were considered for synonymization of L. caveata based on shell variants in the early 20th century, which has been long debated due to lack of rigorous molecular analysis. Moreover, great morphological variation caused doubt whether there are cryptic species. In this study, we used a combined phylogenetic and morphometric approach to verify the validity of the synonymization of L. caveata. The results of molecular species delimitation showed that two molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were identified in Lamprotula spp., including the L. leaii lineage and the complex lineage (L. quadrangulosa, L. cornuumlunae, L. contritus, and L. caveata). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that L. cornuumlunae formed a basal monophyletic clade, whose divergence time was relatively recent (4.26 Ma [95% HPD = 1.91–7.22 Ma]), and L. contritus, L. caveata, and L. quadrangulosa formed a large polytomy group with very shallow branches. In the previous study, we have demonstrated the validity of L. cornuumlunae. The molecular evidences supported that the complex (L. quadrangulosa + L. contritus + L. caveata) was a valid species; L. quadrangulosa and L. contritus were synonyms of L. caveata. In addition, three morphospecies (L. quadrangulosa, L. contritus, and L. caveata) were aggregated without clear differentiation based on shell morphometric analysis. We confirmed multiple phenotypes in L. caveata for species identification and presumed that the phenotypic plasticity was a response to specific habitats. This study clarified the diversity and phylogeny of the Lamprotula group, which is a crucial step for developing new conservation and management strategies for this imperiled group.
Assessing scale‐dependent effects on Forest biomass productivity based on machine learning
Authors: He Jingyuan , Fan Chunyu , Geng Yan , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Xiuhai , Gadow Klaus von 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEstimating forest above‐ground biomass (AGB) productivity constitutes one of the most fundamental topics in forest ecological research. Based on a 30‐ha permanent field plot in Northeastern China, we modeled AGB productivity as output, and topography, species diversity, stand structure, and a stand density variable as input across a series of area scales using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. As the grain size increased from 10 to 200 m, we found that the relative importance of explanatory variables that drove the variation of biomass productivity varied a lot, and the model accuracy was gradually improved. The minimum sampling area for biomass productivity modeling in this region was 140 × 140 m. Our study shows that the relationship of topography, species diversity, stand structure, and stand density variables with biomass productivity modeled using the RF algorithm changes when moving from scales typical of forest surveys (10 m) to larger scales (200 m) within a controlled methodology. These results should be of considerable interest to scientists concerned with forest assessment.