bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upgrading Organic Compounds through the Coupling of Electrooxidation with Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Li Xiaodong , Feng Xinliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe electrocatalytic splitting of water is recognized to be the most sustainable and clean technology for the production of hydrogen (H2). Unfortunately, the efficiency is seriously restricted by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. In contrast to the OER, the electrooxidation of organic compounds (EOO) is more thermodynamically and kinetically favorable. Thus, the coupling of the EOO and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has emerged as an alternative route, as it can greatly improve the catalytic efficiency for the production of H2. Simultaneously, value‐added organic compounds can be generated on the anode through electrooxidation upgrading. In this Minireview, we highlight the latest progress and milestones in coupling the EOO with the HER. Emphasis is focused on the design of the anode catalyst, understanding the reaction mechanism, and the construction of the electrolyzer. Moreover, challenges and prospects are offered relating to the future development of this emerging technology.
Recent advances in the application of nanocatalysts in C‐N coupling reactions
Authors: Rangraz Yalda , Heravi Majid M. 
Published: July 2022

The development of various methodologies for the formation of carbon‐nitrogen bonds is one of the valuable tasks in the field of organic synthesis because the final products are extensively utilized in pharmaceuticals, biologically active compounds, and natural products. The utilization of nanosized metal catalysts with high surface energy, large surface‐to‐volume ratio, excellent thermal stability, and reactive morphology in C‐N cross‐coupling reactions has received considerable attention, in recent years. The excellent catalytic performance, the high yield of products, carrying out the reactions under relatively mild and ligand‐free conditions, and less toxicity to the environment, recoverability, and reusability of catalysts for several times without a remarkable degradation in activity are advantages of these nanocatalysts.This review intends to summarize the latest progress in the fabrication of nanocatalysts and their applications in the construction of carbon‐nitrogen bonds via cross‐coupling reactions. Abundant nanocatalysts based on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles/complexes including copper, palladium, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, zirconium, and zinc have successfully been applied in these reactions. Various aspects of the reactions, different strategies of fabrication of nanocatalysts, and their recyclability have been surveyed. Literature has been investigated from 2015 to 2021.
Synthesis of new N‐(3‐oxo‐1‐thia‐4‐azaspiro[4.5]decan‐4‐yl)pyridine‐3‐carboxamide derivatives and evaluation of their anti‐influenza virus and antitubercular activities
Authors: Cihan‑Üstündağ Gökçe , Acar Çiğdem , Naesens Lieve , Erköse‑Genç Gonca , Şatana Dilek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe here report the synthesis, structural characterization, and evaluation of the antiviral and antitubercular activities of a novel series of hybrid spirothiazolidinone derivatives (2a–f and 3a–f) containing the nicotinohydrazide moiety, which is an isomer form of the approved antitubercular drug isoniazid. When evaluated for activity against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B viruses, three of the new compounds proved to possess specific antiviral activity against the influenza A/H3N2 virus. The most active analog 3a, bearing a 2,8‐dimethyl group at the spiro ring, displayed an antiviral EC50 value of 5.2 µM. Compound 3a produced no cytotoxicity at 100 µM, the highest concentration tested, giving a selectivity index of at least 19. Structure–activity relationship analysis indicated that the absence of the methyl substituent at the 2‐position and the presence of a bulky substituent at the 8‐position of the spirothiazolidinone system caused a significant decrease in antiviral activity. The in vitro antitubercular activity of compounds 2a–f and 3a–f was determined for six different drug‐sensitive/drug‐resistant laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Compounds 2c, 2d, 3b, 3c, and 3d showed weak antitubercular activity against different strains, with MIC values of 125–250 μM.
An improved output feedback controller design for linear discrete‐time systems using a matrix decomposition method
Authors: Goyal Jitendra Kumar , Aggarwal Shubham , Sachan Ankit , Sahoo Pradosh Ranjan , Ghosh Sandip , Kamal Shyam 
Published: July 2022

SummaryThis paper presents the design of output feedback controllers for discrete‐time (DT) linear systems. New sufficient LMI conditions are derived for designing static and controllers using decomposition of an auxiliary matrix. The decomposition facilitates linearization of nonlinear term of reduced size to obtain linear matrix inequality criteria. This leads to less conservative results as shown in the numerical examples. In addition, the proposed static output feedback criteria is also used for designing dynamic output feedback controllers for DT systems. Furthermore, a comparative study is also made for the proposed design method with the results existing in the literature. Finally, a DT static output feedback controller is designed for a quarter‐car suspension system. Simulation results are provided to show the efficacy of the proposed design method.
Electronic, transport, magnetic, and optical properties of graphene nanoribbons and their optical sensing applications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Pratap Surender , Kumar Vipin , Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Gwag Jin Seog , Chakraborty Brahmananda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLow dimensional materials have attracted great research interest from both theoretical and experimental point of views. These materials exhibit novel physical and chemical properties due to the confinement effect in low dimensions. The experimental observations of graphene open a new platform to study the physical properties of materials restricted to two dimensions. This featured article provides a review on the novel properties of quasi one‐dimensional (1D) material known as graphene nanoribbon. Graphene nanoribbons can be obtained by unzipping carbon nanotubes (CNT) or cutting the graphene sheet. Alternatively, it is also called the finite termination of graphene edges. It gives rise to different edge geometries, namely zigzag and armchair, among others. There are various physical and chemical techniques to realize these materials. Depending on the edge type termination, these are called the zigzag and armchair graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR and AGNR). These edges play an important role in controlling the properties of graphene nanoribbons. The present review article provides an overview of the electronic, transport, optical, and magnetic properties of graphene nanoribbons. However, there are different ways to tune these properties for device applications. Here, some of them, such as external perturbations and chemical modifications, are highlighted. Few applications of graphene nanoribbon have also been briefly discussed.
Wet chemical synthesis of BiPO4:Eu3+ phosphor for w‐LED application
Authors: Nandanwar Chandrahasya M. , Yerpude Atul N. , Kokode Namdeo S. , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of BiPO4:Eu3+ phosphors has been achieved via a wet chemical process. X‐ray diffraction patterns show that the phase of the as‐prepared samples matches very well with the standard BiPO4 structure. At 395 nm, the highest excitation intensity was observed. Following 395 nm excitation, two characteristic emission peaks at 592 nm and 616 nm were shown. At 0.5 mol% of Eu3+ ions, concentration quenching occurred. The particle size is within the micrometre range, according to the scanning electron microscope magnification. The chromaticity coordinates for wavelengths 592 nm and 616 nm are (x = 0.586, y = 0.412) and (x = 0.682, y = 0.317), respectively. The findings imply that the prepared phosphor may be used to create white light‐emitting diodes.
PDCD10promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma by inhibiting apoptosis and activatingEMTpathway
Authors: Xu Ke , Fei Wenchao , Huo Ziqi , Wang Shuoer , Li Yinghua , Yang Gong , Hong Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma, a common primary malignant tumor, occurs in children and adolescents with a poor prognosis. The current treatment methods are various, while the five‐year survival rate of patients has not been significantly improved. As a member of the programmed death factor (PDCD) family, programmed death factor 10 (PDCD10) plays a role in regulating cell apoptosis. Several studies of PDCD10 in CCM and cancers have been reported before. However, there are no relevant research reports on the effects of PDCD10 on osteosarcoma.MethodsWe used bioinformatics analysis, IHC, and clinical data to confirm the expression of PDCD10 and its correlation with prognosis in osteosarcoma. Then, we used shRNAs and cDNA to knock down or overexpress PDCD10 in U2OS and MG63 cell lines. A series of function assays such as CCK8, Wound healing test, Plate cloning formation assay, and Transwell were done to confirm how PDCD10 affects osteosarcoma. Animal assays were done to confirm the conclusions in cell lines. At last, WB was used to measure the protein expression levels of apoptosis and the EMT pathway.ResultsPDCD10 was highly expressed in patients with osteosarcoma and correlated with prognosis; PDCD10 knockdown inhibited osteosarcoma growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion; PDCD10 overexpression promoted osteosarcoma growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. In vivo experiments confirmed the conclusions in cell lines; PDCD10 inhibited apoptosis and activated the EMT pathway.ConclusionsIn this study, it was found that PDCD10 was highly expressed in patients with osteosarcoma, and it was closely related to patient prognosis. PDCD10 inhibited tumor cell apoptosis and promoted tumor progression by activating the EMT pathway. These findings may provide a potential target for gene therapy of osteosarcoma.
A comparative study of diagnostic accuracy in 3026 pleural biopsies and matched pleural effusion cytology with clinical correlation
Authors: Poon Ivan K. , Chan Ronald C. K. , Choi Joseph S. H. , Ng Joanna K. M. , Tang Katsie T. , Wong Yolanda Y. H. , Chan Ka Pang , Yip Wing Ho , Tse Gary M. , Li Joshua J. X. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion can be caused by a wide range of benign and malignant conditions. Pleural biopsy and effusion cytology represent two key methods of pathological diagnosis. To compare the performance these two methods, a large cohort of matched pleural biopsy and effusion cytology with clinical follow‐up was reviewed.MethodsPleural biopsies and effusion cytology specimens over a period of 18 years were retrieved. Cytology specimens collected within 7 days of pleural biopsy were matched. Reports were reviewed, and the cause for pleural effusion was determined by hospital disease coding and clinical data.ResultsTotally, 3026 cases were included. The leading cause of benign effusion was tuberculosis (n = 650). Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) was more common in older females (p < 0.001) and mostly due to lung cancer (n = 959), breast cancer (n = 64), and mesothelioma (n = 48). The inadequate/insufficient (B1/C1) rate of biopsy was higher than cytology (15.6% vs. 0.3%) but the rates for other diagnostic categories were similar. Biopsy and cytology showed a correlation coefficient of 0.315, improving to 0.449 when inadequate/insufficient (B1/C1) cases were excluded. The ROM for benign cytology (C2) was lower than biopsy (B2) (p < 0.001). Compared with biopsy, the diagnostic accuracy was higher in cytology overall and for metastatic carcinomas (p < 0.001) but lower for hematolymphoid malignancies (p = 0.014) and mesotheliomas (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThese results suggest that effusion cytology may be better for confirming benignity and diagnosing carcinomatous MPE. In these cases, pleural biopsy may be withheld to reduce procedural risks. However, for suspected hematolymphoid malignancies and mesothelioma, biopsy should be considered.
Determination of 5‐Formyluracil via Oxime‐Based Nucleotide‐Metal Coordination
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Fu Boshi , Zou Guangrong , Yang Wei , Yan Shen , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2‐(Aminooxy)‐N‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)acetamide was synthesized, and its ability to regulate activities of DNA polymerase was tested. In addition, we used the isothermal amplification technology to detect the content of 5‐formyluracil sites in irradiated genomic DNA, which confirmed its capability for the detection of 5‐formyluracil content in general samples. This study presents the first example of the determination of 5fU based on coordination chemistry.
Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective Electro‐Oxidative Alkane Fluorination by C(sp3)−H Cleavage
Authors: Stangier Maximilian , Scheremetjew Alexej , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrochemical fluorinations of C(sp3)−H bonds with a nucleophilic fluoride source have been accomplished in a chemo‐ and site‐selective fashion, avoiding the use of electrophilic F+ sources and stoichiometric oxidants. The introduced metal‐free strategy exhibits high functional group tolerance, setting the stage for late‐stage fluorinations of biorelevant motifs. The synthetic utility of the C(sp3)−H fluorination was reflected by subsequent one‐pot arylation of the generated benzylic fluorides.
Internet of Flying Things security: A systematic review
Authors: Jameii Seyed Mahdi , Zamirnaddafi Romina Sadat , Rezabakhsh Reza 
Published: July 2022

SummaryToday, with the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can play a significant role in terms of stability, reliability, connectivity, and coverage. The integration of UAVs and IoT led to the Internet of Flying Things (IoFT). Internet of drones (IoD) is an infrastructure that provides access and control over the Internet between users and drones. One of the most critical challenges in IoFT and IoD is security. In this article, a systematic review is proposed to analyze the existing literature in the field of IoFT and IoD security. We explain the research methodology including the article selection process and the search queries. Thirteen articles were selected out of 166 articles that were published between 2019 and September 2021. Furthermore, the security approaches in the selected articles are classified into five main categories: security vulnerability and eavesdropping, security realization by Blockchain, secure trajectory and secure communication link, authentication and privacy approaches, and security‐enhanced resource allocation. The main ideas, advantages, disadvantages, the employed tools, and evaluation parameters of each selected article are also discussed in detail. Finally, we point out the open issues and orientations of future researches.
Combining Unique Planar Biaxial Testing with Full‐Field Thickness and Displacement Measurement for Spatial Characterization of Soft Tissues
Authors: Pearce Daniel , Nemcek Mark , Witzenburg Colleen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSoft tissues rely on the incredible complexity of their microstructure for proper function. Local variations in material properties arise as tissues develop and adapt, often in response to changes in loading. A barrier to investigating the heterogeneous nature of soft tissues is the difficulty of developing experimental protocols and analysis tools that can accurately capture spatial variations in mechanical behavior. In this article, we detail protocols enabling mechanical characterizations of anisotropic, heterogeneous soft tissues or tissue analogs. We present a series of mechanical tests designed to maximize inhomogeneous strain fields and in‐plane shear forces. A customized, 3D‐printable gripping system reduces tissue handling and enhances shear. High‐resolution imaging and laser micrometry capture full‐field displacement and thickness, respectively. As the equipment necessary to conduct these protocols is commercially available, the experimental methods presented offer an accessible route toward addressing heterogeneity. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Unique biaxial testing of soft tissues and tissue analogsBasic Protocol 2: Full‐field thickness measurement of soft tissues and tissue analogsSupport Protocol 1: Creating and speckling cruciform‐shaped samples for mechanical testingSupport Protocol 2: Creating custom gripping system to minimize sample handling
T‐17, a novel cyclin‐dependent kinases/histone deacetylases dual inhibitor, induces cancer cells death through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Long Rui , Li Xiaoli , Jiang Junhao , Chen Huali , Tian Binghua , Long Binyu , Yu Yu , Gan Zongjie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCombination of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors may have statistical synergy in suppressing cancer cell proliferation. Herein, a novel CDKs/HDACs dual inhibitor T‐17 was rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Our results demonstrated that T‐17 concurrently exhibited potent and balanced inhibitory activity against CDKs (IC50 = 18.0 nM) and HDACs (IC50 = 6.6 nM) and also displayed good cell viability inhibitory effect on four cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, T‐17 blocked the MDA‐MB‐231 and A549 cell cycle at G1 phase and S phase, respectively. In addition, T‐17 induced MDA‐MB‐231 cells apoptosis and inhibited the HDACs and CDKs mediated signaling pathways. Finally, we also found that T‐17 had good antitumor activity in vivo. In summary, these results indicated that T‐17 would be a promising lead compound which deserves further research.
Distinct and enhanced hygienic responses of a leaf‐cutting ant toward repeated fungi exposures
Authors: Goes Aryel C. , Kooij Pepijn W. , Culot Laurence , Bueno Odair C. , Rodrigues Andre 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLeaf‐cutting ants and their fungal crops are a textbook example of a long‐term obligatory mutualism. Many microbes continuously enter their nest containing the fungal cultivars, destabilizing the symbiosis and, in some cases, outcompeting the mutualistic partners. Preferably, the ant workers should distinguish between different microorganisms to respond according to their threat level and recurrence in the colony. To address these assumptions, we investigated how workers of Atta sexdens sanitize their fungal crop toward five different fungi commonly isolated from the fungus gardens: Escovopsis sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Metarhizium anisopliae, Trichoderma spirale, and Syncephalastrum sp. Also, to investigate the plasticity of these responses toward recurrences of these fungi, we exposed the colonies with each fungus three times fourteen days apart. As expected, intensities in sanitization differed according to the fungal species. Ants significantly groom their fungal crop more toward F. oxysporum, M. anisopliae, and Syncephalastrum sp. than toward Escovopsis sp. and T. spirale. Weeding, self‐, and allogrooming were observed in less frequency than fungus grooming in all cases. Moreover, we detected a significant increase in the overall responses after repeated exposures for each fungus, except for Escovopsis sp. Our results indicate that A. sexdens workers are able to distinguish between different fungi and apply distinct responses to remove these from the fungus gardens. Our findings also suggest that successive exposures to the same antagonist increase hygiene, indicating plasticity of ant colonies' defenses to previously encountered pathogens.
Traits and ecological space availability predict avian densities at the country scale of the Czech Republic
Authors: Hořák David , Rivas‐Salvador Javier , Farkač Jan , Reif Jiří 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpecies' geographical distributions and abundances are a central focus of current ecological research. Although multiple studies have been conducted on their elucidation, some important information is still missing. One of them is the knowledge of ecological traits of species responsible for the population density variations across geographical (i.e., total physical area) and ecological spaces (i.e., suitable habitat area). This is crucial for understanding how ecological specialization shapes the geographical distribution of species, and provides key knowledge about the sensitivity of species to current environmental challenges. Here, we precisely describe habitat availability for individual species using fine‐scale field data collected across the entire Czech Republic. In the next step, we used this information to test the relationships between bird traits and country‐scale estimates of population densities assessed in both geographical and ecological spaces. We did not find any effect of habitat specialization on avian density in geographical space. But when we recalculated densities for ecological space available, we found a positive correlation with habitat specialization. Specialists occur at higher densities in suitable habitats. Moreover, birds with arboreal and hole‐nesting strategies showed higher densities in both geographical and ecological spaces. However, we found no significant effects of morphological (body mass and structural body size) and reproductive (position along the slow–fast life‐history continuum) traits on avian densities in either geographical or ecological space. Our findings suggest that ecological space availability is a strong determinant of avian abundance and highlight the importance of precise knowledge of species‐specific habitat requirements. Revival of this classical but challenging ecological topic of habitat‐specific densities is needed for both proper understanding of pure ecological issues and practical steps in the conservation of nature.
Selective N‐Deacetylation and Functionalization of Aminosugars
Authors: Moons Sam J. , Robertson Alexander D. , Boltje Thomas J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractN‐Acetyl groups are abundant functional groups found in a variety of biomolecules including aminosugars. N‐Acetyl groups are chemically stable and harsh conditions are often needed to remove them. Herein, we report a mild and efficient protocol to remove N‐acetyl groups in the presence of esters and carbamates and functionalize the resulting amine in a one‐pot manner.
Developments in the Synthesis of Hasubanan Alkaloids
Authors: Ikonnikova Viktoria A. , Baranov Mikhail S. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis review critically summarized the synthesis of hasubanan alkaloids with the focus on construction of hasubanan core. Historical and recent reports are systemized based on the strategic bonds formation and are given in comparison. Special accents are made on the achievements in collective syntheses, asymmetric syntheses, and biomimetic approaches. Based on the summarized data potential perspectives are highlighted.