bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a victorious strategy to the second strong gravitational lensing data challenge
Authors: Bom C R , Fraga B M O , Dias L O , Schubert P , Blanco Valentin M , Furlanetto C , Makler M , Teles K , Portes de Albuquerque M , Metcalf R Benton 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Strong lensing is a powerful probe of the matter distribution in galaxies and clusters and a relevant tool for cosmography. Analyses of strong gravitational lenses with deep learning have become a popular approach due to these astronomical objects’ rarity and image complexity. Next-generation surveys will provide more opportunities to derive science from these objects and an increasing data volume to be analysed. However, finding strong lenses is challenging, as their number densities are orders of magnitude below those of galaxies. Therefore, specific strong lensing search algorithms are required to discover the highest number of systems possible with high purity and low false alarm rate. The need for better algorithms has prompted the development of an open community data science competition named strong gravitational lensing challenge (SGLC). This work presents the deep learning strategies and methodology used to design the highest scoring algorithm in the second SGLC (II SGLC). We discuss the approach used for this data set, the choice of a suitable architecture, particularly the use of a network with two branches to work with images in different resolutions, and its optimization. We also discuss the detectability limit, the lessons learned, and prospects for defining a tailor-made architecture in a survey in contrast to a general one. Finally, we release the models and discuss the best choice to easily adapt the model to a data set representing a survey with a different instrument. This work helps to take a step towards efficient, adaptable, and accurate analyses of strong lenses with deep learning frameworks.
Optical selection bias and projection effects in stacked galaxy cluster weak lensing
Authors: Wu Hao-Yi , Costanzi Matteo , To Chun-Hao , Salcedo Andrés N , Weinberg David H , Annis James , Bocquet Sebastian , da Silva Pereira Maria Elidaiana , DeRose Joseph , Esteves Johnny , Farahi Arya , Grandis Sebastian , Rozo Eduardo , Rykoff Eli S , Varga Tamás N , Wechsler Risa H , Zeng Chenxiao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Zhuowen ,   DES Collaboration
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Cosmological constraints from current and upcoming galaxy cluster surveys are limited by the accuracy of cluster mass calibration. In particular, optically identified galaxy clusters are prone to selection effects that can bias the weak lensing mass calibration. We investigate the selection bias of the stacked cluster lensing signal associated with optically selected clusters, using clusters identified by the redMaPPer algorithm in the Buzzard simulations as a case study. We find that at a given cluster halo mass, the residuals of redMaPPer richness and weak lensing signal are positively correlated. As a result, for a given richness selection, the stacked lensing signal is biased high compared with what we would expect from the underlying halo mass probability distribution. The cluster lensing selection bias can thus lead to overestimated mean cluster mass and biased cosmology results. We show that the lensing selection bias exhibits a strong scale dependence and is approximately 20–60 per cent for ΔΣ at large scales. This selection bias largely originates from spurious member galaxies within ±20–60 $h^{-1}\, \rm Mpc$ along the line of sight, highlighting the importance of quantifying projection effects associated with the broad redshift distribution of member galaxies in photometric cluster surveys. While our results qualitatively agree with those in the literature, accurate quantitative modelling of the selection bias is needed to achieve the goals of cluster lensing cosmology and will require synthetic catalogues covering a wide range of galaxy–halo connection models.
Impact of the primordial stellar initial mass function on the 21-cm signal
Authors: Gessey-Jones T , Sartorio N S , Fialkov A , Mirouh G M , Magg M , Izzard R G , de Lera Acedo E , Handley W J , Barkana R 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Properties of the first generation of stars [referred to as the Population III (Pop III) stars], such as their initial mass function (IMF), are poorly constrained by observations and have yet to converge between simulations. The cosmological 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is predicted to be sensitive to Lyman-band photons produced by these stars, thus providing a unique way to probe the first stellar population. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of the Pop III IMF on the cosmic-dawn 21-cm signal via the Wouthuysen–Field effect, Lyman–Werner feedback, Ly α heating, and cosmic microwave background heating. We calculate the emission spectra of star-forming haloes for different IMFs by integrating over individual metal-free stellar spectra, computed from a set of stellar evolution histories and stellar atmospheres, and taking into account variability of the spectra with stellar age. Through this study, we therefore relax two common assumptions: that the zero-age main-sequence emission rate of a Pop III star is representative of its lifetime mean emission rate, and that Pop III emission can be treated as instantaneous. Exploring bottom-heavy, top-heavy, and intermediate IMFs, we show that variations in the 21-cm signal are driven by stars lighter than 20 M⊙. For the explored models, we find maximum relative differences of 59 per cent in the cosmic-dawn global 21-cm signal, and 131 per cent between power spectra. Although this impact is modest, precise modelling of the first stars and their evolution is necessary for accurate prediction and interpretation of the 21-cm signal.
The heliospheric ambipolar potential inferred from sunward-propagating halo electrons
Authors: Horaites Konstantinos , Boldyrev Stanislav 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We provide evidence that the sunward-propagating half of the solar wind electron halo distribution evolves without scattering in the inner heliosphere. We assume the particles conserve their total energy and magnetic moment, and perform a ‘Liouville mapping’ on electron pitch angle distributions measured by the Parker Solar Probe SPAN-E instrument. Namely, we show that the distributions are consistent with Liouville’s theorem if an appropriate interplanetary potential is chosen. This potential, an outcome of our fitting method, is compared against the radial profiles of proton bulk flow energy. We find that the inferred potential is responsible for nearly 100 per cent of the proton acceleration in the solar wind at heliocentric distances 0.18-0.79 AU. These observations combine to form a coherent physical picture: the same interplanetary potential accounts for the acceleration of the solar wind protons as well as the evolution of the electron halo. In this picture the halo is formed from a sunward-propagating population that originates somewhere in the outer heliosphere by a yet-unknown mechanism.
Linear change and minutes variability of solar wind velocity revealed by FAST
Authors: Liu Li-Jia , Peng Bo , Yu Lei , Liu Bin , Lu Ji-Guang , Yu Ye-Zhao , Xi Hong-Wei , Xiong Ming , Chang O 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Observation of Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) provides an important and effective way to study the solar wind and the space weather. A series of IPS observations were conducted by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). The extraordinary sensitivity and the wide frequency coverage make FAST an ideal platform for IPS studies. In this paper, we present some first scientific results from FAST observations of IPS with the L-band receiver. Based on the solar wind velocity fitting values of FAST observations on 2020 September 26–28, we found that the velocity decreases with increasing frequency linearly, which has not yet been reported in literature. And we have also detected a variation of solar wind velocity on a time-scale of 3–5 min, which imply the slow change of the background solar wind, a co-existence of high- and low-speed streams, or a reflect of the quasi-periodic electron-density fluctuations.
In vitro and in vivo antitumor studies of potential anticancer agents of platinum(II) complexes of dicyclopentadiene and dithiocarbamates
Authors: Sulaiman Adam A A , Sobeai Homood M As , Aldawood Eman , Abogosh Ahmad , Alhazzani Khalid , Alotaibi Moureq R , Ahmad Saeed , Alhoshani Ali , Isab Anvarhusein A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Three platinum(II) complexes of dicyclopentadiene (DCP) and dithiocarbamates (DTCs), namely, [Pt(η4-DCP)(Me2DTC)]PF6 (1), [Pt(η4-DCP)(Et2DTC)]PF6 (2), and [Pt(η4-DCP)(Bz2DTC)]PF6 (3) [Me2DTC = dimethyldithiocarbamate, Et2DTC = diethyldithiocarbamate, and Bz2DTC = dibenzyldithiocarbamate] were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data indicated the coordination of both DCP and DTC ligands to platinum(II). The solution chemistry of complex 1 revealed that the complexes are stable in both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 1:1 mixture of DMSO:H2O. In vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes relative to cisplatin was tested using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, against CHL-1 (human melanoma cancer cells), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cells), A549 (lung cancer cells), and B16 (murine melanoma cancer cells). The antiproliferative effect of all three prepared complexes was found to be significantly higher than cisplatin. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis of complex 1 showed that the complex induced apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial potential depolarization and cell cycle arrest in a concentration-dependent pattern in the CHL-1 cells. Confirmation of apoptosis via gene expression analysis demonstrated down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes in the CHL-1 cells. Wound-healing assays also lent support to the strong cytotoxicity of the complexes. In vivo studies showed a significant reduction of tumor volume at the end of the experiment. In addition, the drug did not change the weight of the mice. In conclusion, complex 1 inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo.
Characterization of benzo[a]pyrene and colchicine based on anin vivorepeat-dosing multi-endpoint genotoxicity quantitative assessment platform
Authors: Zeng Zhu , Huo Jiao , Zhu Xuejiao , Liu Yunjie , Li Ruirui , Chen Yiyi , Zhang Lishi , Chen Jinyao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo prototypical genotoxicants, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and colchicine (COL), were selected as model compounds to deduce their quantitative genotoxic dose–response relationship at low doses in a multi-endpoint genotoxicity assessment platform. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with B[a]P (2.5–80 mg/kg bw/day) and COL (0.125–2 mg/kg bw/day) daily for 28 days. The parameters included were as follows: comet assay in the peripheral blood and liver, Pig-a gene mutation assay in the peripheral blood, and micronucleus test in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. A significant increase was observed in Pig-a mutant frequency in peripheral blood for B[a]P (started at 40 mg/kg bw/day on Day 14, started at 20 mg/kg bw/day on Day 28), whereas no statistical difference for COL was observed. Micronucleus frequency in reticulocytes of the peripheral blood and bone marrow increased significantly for B[a]P (80 mg/kg bw/day on Day 4, started at 20 mg/kg bw/day on Days 14 and 28 in the blood; started at 20 mg/kg bw/day on Day 28 in the bone marrow) and COL (started at 2 mg/kg bw/day on Day 14, 1 mg/kg bw/day on Day 28 in the blood; started at 1 mg/kg bw/day on Day 28 in the bone marrow). No statistical variation was found in indexes of comet assay at all time points for B[a]P and COL in the peripheral blood and liver. The dose–response relationships of Pig-a and micronucleus test data were analyzed for possible point of departures using three quantitative approaches, i.e., the benchmark dose, breakpoint dose, and no observed genotoxic effect level. The practical thresholds of the genotoxicity of B[a]P and COL estimated in this study were 0.122 and 0.0431 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, and our results also provided distinct genotoxic mode of action of the two chemicals.
A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the dog hippocampus reveals the potential relationship between specific cell types and domestication
Authors: Zhou Qi-Jun , Liu Xingyan , Zhang Longlong , Wang Rong , Yin Tingting , Li Xiaolu , Li Guimei , He Yuqi , Ding Zhaoli , Ma Pengcheng , Wang Shi-Zhi , Mao Bingyu , Zhang Shihua , Wang Guo-Dong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The process of domestication has led to dramatic differences in behavioral traits between domestic dogs and gray wolves. Whole-genome research found that a class of putative positively selected genes were related to various aspects of learning and memory, such as long-term potentiation and long-term depression. In this study, we constructed a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the dog hippocampus to illustrate its cell types, cell lineage and molecular features. Using the transcriptomes of 105 057 nuclei from the hippocampus of a Beagle dog, we identified 26 cell clusters and a putative trajectory of oligodendrocyte development. Comparative analysis revealed a significant convergence between dog differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and putative positively selected genes (PSGs). Forty putative PSGs were DEGs in glutamatergic neurons, especially in Cluster 14, which is related to the regulation of nervous system development. In summary, this study provides a blueprint to understand the cellular mechanism of dog domestication.
A Health Inequity: Associations Between Cigarette Smoking Status and Mammogram Screening Among Women of Color
Authors: Llaneza Danielle H , Kim Hanjoe , Correa-Fernández Virmarie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
We evaluated differences in yearly mammogram screening by smoking status in a sample of US women. We also examined differences in mammogram screening by race/ethnicity, age, and health care coverage.

Methods
Data were from 1884 women participants in the 2018 Health of Houston Survey study. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between smoking status (current/former/non-smokers) and mammograms within 12 months. Moderators included race/ethnicity (Hispanic, Black, Asian, Other, White), age, and health care coverage

Results
In comparison to women who were non-smokers, current and former smokers showed lower odds to get a yearly mammogram (OR = 0.720; 95% CI = 0.709, .730 and OR = 0.702; 95% CI = 0.693, 0.710, respectively). Current smokers who identified as Hispanic or Black women and former smokers who identified as Hispanic, Asian, and other women showed lower odds of getting a mammogram (OR = 0.635, 95% CI = 0.611, 0.659; OR = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.919, 0.985) and (OR = 0.663, 95% CI = 0.642, 0.684; OR = 0.282, 95% CI = 0.263, 0.302; OR = 0.548, 95% CI = 0.496, 0.606) compared to White women. There were significant interactions by age and health care coverage.

Conclusions
Women of color who are current and former smokers showed lower odds to engage in mammogram screening, thus increasing their risk of undiagnosed breast cancer when compared to non-smokers. Ethnically diverse women already experience increased health disparities and smoking puts them at exacerbated risk of health complications and death.

Implications
Our findings suggest that smoking status is a modifiable behavioral risk factor that requires further attention in the prevention of breast cancer in ethnic minority women. Health care institutions and policymakers need to increase their awareness of and outreach efforts to women of color who smoke. These outreach efforts should focus on increasing access to smoking interventions and cancer screenings.
Smoking Cessation Interventions in Indigenous North Americans: A Meta-Narrative Systematic Review
Authors: Rusk Ann M , Kanj Amjad N , Murad Mohammad H , Hassett Leslie C , Kennedy Cassie C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Indigenous North Americans have the highest cigarette smoking prevalence among all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. We seek to identify effective components of smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous people in the United States associated with favorable cessation outcomes.

Methods
A review of literature studying smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous North Americans (American Indians and Alaska Natives) from January 2010 through August 2021 was completed. The primary objective of this study was to identify components of interventions associated with positive smoking cessation outcomes in Indigenous people. The studies identified were synthesized in a meta-narrative approach.

Results
Ten studies out of 608 titles were included (6 randomized trials, 2 single-arm studies, 1 cohort study, and 1 prospective observational study). Five categories of smoking cessation interventions were identified; phone or web-based tools, culturally-tailored interventions, the inclusion of Indigenous study personnel, pharmaceutical cessation aids, and behavioral health interventions. Phone and web tools, cultural tailoring, and inclusion of Indigenous personnel conditions inconsistently influenced smoking cessation. Pharmaceutical aids were viewed favorably among participants. Individualized behavioral counseling sessions were effective at promoting smoking cessation, as was input from local communities in the planning and implementation phases of study.

Conclusion
A successful smoking cessation intervention in Indigenous North Americans includes Tribal or community input in intervention design and implementation; should provide individualized counseling sessions for participants, and offer access to validated smoking cessation tools including pharmacotherapy.

Implications
This study identifies a paucity of smoking interventions utilizing standard of care interventions in Indigenous North Americans. Standard of care interventions including individualized cessation counseling and pharmacotherapy were effective at promoting cessation. The use of novel culturally tailored cessation interventions was not more effective than existing evidence-based care with the exception of including Tribal and local community input in intervention implementation. Future smoking cessation interventions in Indigenous North Americans should prioritize the use of standard of care cessation interventions.
Productivity-enhancing reallocation during the Great Recession: evidence from Lithuania
Authors: Garcia-Louzao Jose , Tarasonis Linas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article studies the impact of the Great Recession on the relationship between reallocation and productivity dynamics in Lithuania. Using detailed micro-level data, we first document the aggregate contribution of firm dynamics and employment reallocation to productivity growth. Next, we estimate firm-level regressions to confirm the findings and to perform a heterogeneity analysis. The analysis shows that productivity shielded firms from exit, and that this relationship became stronger during the Great Recession. Moreover, we demonstrate that more productive firms experienced on average lower employment losses, especially during the economic slump. Taken together, our results suggest that reallocation was productivity-enhancing during the Great Recession. However, the analysis also indicates that the intensity varied with the sector’s dependence on external financing or international trade as well as market concentration.
A Question-Sensitive Theory of Intention
Authors: Beddor Bob , Goldstein Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a question-sensitive theory of intention. We show that this theory explains some puzzling closure properties of intention. In particular, it can be used to explain why one is rationally required to intend the means to one’s ends, even though one is not rationally required to intend all the foreseen consequences of one’s intended actions. It also explains why rational intention is not always closed under logical implication, and why one can only intend outcomes that one believes to be under one’s control.
Reality from maximizing overlap in the periodic complex action theory
Authors: Nagao Keiichi , Nielsen Holger Bech 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the periodic complex action theory (CAT) by imposing a periodic condition in the future-included CAT where the time integration is performed from the past to the future, and extend a normalized matrix element of an operator $\hat{\mathcal {O}}$, which is called the weak value in the real action theory, to another expression $\langle \hat{\mathcal {O}} \rangle _{\mathrm{periodic}~\mathrm{time}}$. We present two theorems stating that $\langle \hat{\mathcal {O}} \rangle _{\mathrm{periodic}~\mathrm{time}}$ becomes real for $\hat{\mathcal {O}}$ being Hermitian with regard to a modified inner product that makes a given non-normal Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$ normal. The first theorem holds for a given period tp in a case where the number of eigenstates having the maximal imaginary part B of the eigenvalues of $\hat{H}$ is just one, while the second one stands for tp selected such that the absolute value of the transition amplitude is maximized in a case where B ≤ 0 and |B| is much smaller than the distances between any two real parts of the eigenvalues of $\hat{H}$. The latter proven via a number-theoretical argument suggests that, if our universe is periodic, then even the period could be an adjustment parameter to be determined in the Feynman path integral. This is a variant type of the maximization principle that we previously proposed.
Site-Specific Dry and Wet Deposition Velocities Using 7BE and Mass Interception Factor for Various Types of Plant Leaves at Narora Site, India
Authors: Gautam Y P , Sharma A K , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Vineet , Tripathi A R , Kumar J , Saradhi I V , Kumar A Vinod 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Comprehensive studies were carried out during the period 2016–19 on the estimation of site-specific wet and dry deposition velocities and the mass interception factor for Narora site based on the concentrations of 7Be in air, air deposits, rain water and vegetation samples. Mean wet and dry deposition velocities for Narora site were found to be 1.64E-2 and 1.58E-3 m s−1, respectively. Mass interception factors for vegetation found to be 0.34–2.51 m2 kg−1 dry weight with a mean of 0.97 m2 kg−1 dry weight. The obtained parameters shall be used for estimation of impact due to radionuclide related to Narora Atomic Power station.