bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Basic Life Support (BLS) among Schoolteachers in the Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altherwi Tawfeeq I. , Albannaa Amjad Mohammed E. , Shami Mohammed O. , Dallak Fatimah H. , Suhail Hussam M. , Darraj Bushra H. , Majrabi Asmaa H. , Al-Motahar Safa M. , Alhazmi Abdulaziz 
Published: May 2022

Background: Basic life support (BLS) is vital for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Previous studies suggested that Saudi schoolteachers' BLS knowledge and training are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of BLS among schoolteachers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: Self-administered, online questionnaires were distributed to 24 randomly selected schools in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Data were presented as frequency, percentage, mean (M), and standard deviation (SD). Statistical analysis was conducted using an independent sample t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: A total of 424 participants completed the study questionnaires, and 246 (58.0%) were male. Participants’ age ranged from 20 to 62 years (M = 41.68, SD = 7.25). A total of 83 (19.6%) teachers had completed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training. The overall level of BLS knowledge and skills was inadequate (M = 4.79, SD = 1.30). Knowledge scores were statistically different between males and females [t(1, 422) = 4.45, p=0.001]. Also, BLS knowledge scores differed significantly between teachers who had previous CPR training and teachers who did not [t (1, 422) = 25.48, p = 0.000]. In general, teachers had positive attitudes towards the importance of BLS and were willing to have future BLS training.
Conclusion: The study showed that schoolteachers had positive attitudes towards BLS but lacked BLS knowledge which would affect their skills.
Effects of ancient Egypt hypostyle halls on the thermal environment
Authors: Togashi Eisuke , Nakagawa Jun , Muramatsu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effects of ancient Egyptian hypostyle hall columns on the thermal environment are quantitatively evaluated. Accordingly, a model was developed to predict the annual changes in indoor temperature. The results reveal that the thermal environment significantly improves with the installation of the columns. The fluctuations owing to daily temperature variations are minimized and the indoor temperature is reduced, even during summers. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that such a reduction in the temperature variation cannot be achieved by simply increasing the thermal capacity of the wall, instead, the thermal capacity and surface area must also be simultaneously enhanced by increasing the number of columns.
The success of Conversational AI and the AI evaluation challenge it reveals
Authors: Beaver Ian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch interest in Conversational artificial intelligence (ConvAI) has experienced a massive growth over the last few years and several recent advancements have enabled systems to produce rich and varied turns in conversations similar to humans. However, this apparent creativity is also creating a real challenge in the objective evaluation of such systems as authors are becoming reliant on crowd worker opinions as the primary measurement of success and, so far, few papers are reporting all that is necessary for others to compare against in their own crowd experiments. This challenge is not unique to ConvAI, but demonstrates as AI systems mature in more “human” tasks that involve creativity and variation, evaluation strategies need to mature with them.
Decoding human behavior with big data? Critical, constructive input from the decision sciences
Authors: Katsikopoulos Konstantinos V. , Canellas Marc C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBig data analytics employs algorithms to uncover people's preferences and values, and support their decision making. A central assumption of big data analytics is that it can explain and predict human behavior. We investigate this assumption, aiming to enhance the knowledge basis for developing algorithmic standards in big data analytics. First, we argue that big data analytics is by design atheoretical and does not provide process‐based explanations of human behavior; thus, it is unfit to support deliberation that is transparent and explainable. Second, we review evidence from interdisciplinary decision science, showing that the accuracy of complex algorithms used in big data analytics for predicting human behavior is not consistently higher than that of simple rules of thumb. Rather, it is lower in situations such as predicting election outcomes, criminal profiling, and granting bail. Big data algorithms can be considered as candidate models for explaining, predicting, and supporting human decision making when they match, in transparency and accuracy, simple, process‐based, domain‐grounded theories of human behavior. Big data analytics can be inspired by behavioral and cognitive theory.
A biomedical open knowledge network harnesses the power of AI to understand deep human biology
Authors: Baranzini Sergio E. , Börner Katy , Morris John , Nelson Charlotte A. , Soman Karthik , Schleimer Erica , Keiser Michael , Musen Mark , Pearce Roger , Reza Tahsin , Smith Brett , Herr Bruce W. , Oskotsky Boris , Rizk‐Jackson Angela , Rankin Katherine P. , Sanders Stephan J. , Bove Riley , Rose Peter W. , Israni Sharat , Huang Sui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKnowledge representation and reasoning (KR&R) has been successfully implemented in many fields to enable computers to solve complex problems with AI methods. However, its application to biomedicine has been lagging in part due to the daunting complexity of molecular and cellular pathways that govern human physiology and pathology. In this article, we describe concrete uses of Scalable PrecisiOn Medicine Knowledge Engine (SPOKE), an open knowledge network that connects curated information from thirty‐seven specialized and human‐curated databases into a single property graph, with 3 million nodes and 15 million edges to date. Applications discussed in this article include drug discovery, COVID‐19 research and chronic disease diagnosis, and management.
Infrastructure for rapid open knowledge network development
Authors: Cafarella Michael , Anderson Michael , Beltagy Iz , Cattan Arie , Chasins Sarah , Dagan Ido , Downey Doug , Etzioni Oren , Feldman Sergey , Gao Tian , Hope Tom , Huang Kexin , Johnson Sophie , King Daniel , Lo Kyle , Lou Yuze , Shapiro Matthew , Shen Dinghao , Subramanian Shivashankar , Wang Lucy Lu , Wang Yuning , Wang Yitong , Weld Daniel S. , Vo‐Phamhi Jenny , Zeng Anna , Zou Jiayun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a growth in the use of knowledge graph technologies for advanced data search, data integration, and query‐answering applications. The leading example of a public, general‐purpose open knowledge network (aka knowledge graph) is Wikidata, which has demonstrated remarkable advances in quality and coverage over this time. Proprietary knowledge graphs drive some of the leading applications of the day including, for example, Google Search, Alexa, Siri, and Cortana. Open Knowledge Networks are exciting: they promise the power of structured database‐like queries with the potential for the wide coverage that is today only provided by the Web. With the current state of the art, building, using, and scaling large knowledge networks can still be frustratingly slow. This article describes a National Science Foundation Convergence Accelerator project to build a set of Knowledge Network Programming Infrastructure systems to address this issue.
Fundamental Understanding and Research Progress on the Interfacial Behaviors for Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Yuan Fei , Li Zhaojin , Zhang Di , Wang Qiujun , Wang Huan , Sun Huilan , Yu Qiyao , Wang Wei , Wang Bo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) exhibit a considerable application prospect for energy storage systems due to their low cost, high operating voltage, and superior ionic conductivity. As a vital configuration in PIBs, the two‐phase interface, which refers to K‐ion diffusion from the electrolyte to the electrode surface (solid–liquid interface) and K‐ion migration between different particles (solid–solid interface), deeply determines the diffusion/reaction kinetics and structural stability, thus significantly affecting the rate performance and cyclability. However, researches on two‐phase interface are still in its infancy and need further attentions. This review first starts from the fundamental understanding of solid–liquid and solid–solid interfaces to in‐depth analyzing the effect mechanism of different improvement strategies on them, such as optimization of electrolyte and binders, heterostructure design, modulation of interlayer spacing, etc. Afterward, the research progress of these improvement strategies is summarized comprehensively. Finally, the major challenges are proposed, and the corresponding solving strategies are presented. This review is expected to give an insight into the importance of two‐phase interface on diffusion/reaction kinetics, and provides a guidance for developing other advanced anodes in PIBs.
High‐Performance Li‐O2 Batteries Enabled by Dibenzo‐24‐Crown‐8 Aldehyde Derivative as Electrolyte Additives
Authors: Zhang Qi , Rao Sijia , Vummaleti Sai Vikrama Chaitanya , Poh Eng Tuan , Dai Wenrui , Cui Xinhang , Wu Jishan , Zhang Jia , Chen Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAprotic Li‐O2 batteries (LOB) with high theoretical energy density usually experience cathode clogging by insoluble Li2O2, along with high charge overpotential from its insulating nature. A dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 aldehyde derivative (DB24C8A) is employed as an additive to enhance the binding strength with Li+, hence promoting the solubility of Li2O2. The generated [DB24C8A•Li+] avoids the parasitic reactions caused by reactive O2−. Thus, the LOB achieves a large discharge capacity of 6939 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and a high Li2O2 yield (≈93%). Moreover, DB24C8A facilitates the efficient decomposition of Li2O2 via Li+ coordination during the charge process, reducing the charge overpotential to 0.77 V and prolonging the lifetime of the LOB over 213 cycles at 1000 mAh g−1 and 500 mA g−1. This work provides a novel approach to boost the performance of LOB by incorporation of crown ether‐based compounds to regulate the Li2O2 growth and decomposition pathway.
Systematic review of acquisition mastery criteria and statistical analysis of associations with response maintenance and generalization
Authors: Wong Kristina K. , Fienup Daniel M. , Richling Sarah M. , Keen Allison , Mackay Kyla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFour recent experiments demonstrated roughly parametric effects of acquisition‐performance criteria, or mastery criteria, on response maintenance outcomes: higher criteria produce higher maintenance. In this systematic review, we analyzed the generality of these effects across 3 years of articles published in three prominent applied behavior analysis journals. We identified skill acquisition articles and extracted general characteristics, the acquisition criterion, and maintenance and generalization outcomes at the level of individual participants. Our review included descriptions of the existing skill acquisition literature as well as a statistical analysis (chi‐square) of the association between acquisition criteria and maintenance and generalization outcomes. Overall, the results corroborate experimental work showing that higher acquisition criteria are associated with higher response‐maintenance outcomes across varied populations, interventions, and teaching tactics. We extended the literature by detecting the same associations with generalization outcomes. Future directions and important implications of these findings are discussed.
Sustainable entrepreneurship and legitimacy building in protected areas: Overcoming distinctive barriers through activism
Authors: Dawo Hellen Lillian Atieno , Long Thomas B. , de Jong Gjalt 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSustainable entrepreneurs operating in protected areas face distinctive barriers that place additional emphasis on the need to build legitimacy. To date, how they do this has not been entirely explored. This paper addresses this need through an exploratory study of sustainable entrepreneurs in a transnational protected area. The results indicate that sustainable entrepreneurs in protected areas face barriers that can be broadly classified as cognition spanning, locale and sector‐related barriers. The findings highlight that a key way sustainable entrepreneurs overcome these distinctive barriers is by building legitimacy through activism. Activism became instrumental in building legitimacy with varied stakeholders and actors. This is all geared towards overcoming barriers during the sustainable entrepreneurship process. The findings add to existing literature on the role of legitimacy building in sustainable entrepreneurship by detailing the different forms of legitimacy and how they are built through activism. The paper concludes with propositions about the conditions necessary for sustainable entrepreneurs to build legitimacy in fragile socioecological contexts through activism.
Demographic differences among patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy in the United States
Authors: Emole Josephine , Lawal Odunayo , Lupak Oleksandra , Dias Ajoy , Shune Leyla , Yusuf Korede 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is not clear if all Americans have benefitted equally from the availability of chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CART) therapy. We aimed to evaluate if demographic differences existed among adult patients who received CART therapy and to assess predictors of CART treatment outcomes.MethodsRecords of patients ≥18 years who received CART therapy for non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and multiple myeloma in 2018 were evaluated in the National Inpatient Sample. Acute complications and inhospital mortality were compared between two groups of CART recipients: Whites and non‐Whites. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic factors and inhospital mortality.ResultsOf 1275 CART recipients that met inclusion criteria, there were 40.4% of females, 66.9% of Whites, Blacks (4.2%), Hispanics (13.3%), Asians or Pacific Islanders (4.2%), and Native Americans (1.3%). Up to 96.8% of CART procedures were performed in urban teaching hospitals, and 85.3% of CART recipients lived in metropolitan counties. Non‐Whites, compared to Whites, were younger at the time of CART therapy (p < 0.001). The inhospital mortality rate was higher in non‐Whites, though not statistically significant (5.4% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.764). There were no differences in length of hospital stay, hospital charges, or rates of acute toxicities between the two race groups. We found no association between race and treatment outcomes. Gender, neurotoxicity, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were significant predictors of inhospital mortality.ConclusionsCART therapy recipients in the United States were more likely to be Whites and more likely to be residents of metropolitan areas. These observed demographic differences were not associated with treatment outcomes or inhospital mortalities.
Nanorod Photocatalysts for C−O Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Dong Kaituo , Pezzetta Cristofer , Chen Qiu‐Cheng , Kaushansky Alexander , Agosti Amedeo , Bergamini Giacomo , Davidson Robert , Amirav Lilac 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon‐heteroatom cross‐coupling reactions are significant for numerous industrial chemical processes, in particular for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and biologically active compounds. Photocatalyst/transition metal dual catalytic systems pave a new avenue for organic cross‐coupling reactions. Specifically, the use of semiconductor nanoparticles as heterogeneous light sensitizers is highly beneficial for industrial‐scale applications owing to their low‐cost production, tunable photophysical properties, facile separation, high photostability, and recyclability. Here, CdSe@CdS nanorod photocatalysts are combined with a Ni complex catalyst for the promotion of selective light‐induced C−O cross‐coupling reactions between aryl halides and alkyl carboxylic acids. This efficient dual photocatalytic system displays a high yield (∼96 %), with an impressive turnover number (TON) of over 3×106, and within a relatively short reaction time as a result of high turnover frequency (TOF) of ∼56 s−1. In addition, the nanorod photocatalysts harness light with improved solar to product efficiency compared to alternative systems, signaling towards potential solar‐powered chemistry. A reaction mechanism involving energy transfer from the nanorods to the Ni complex is proposed and discussed, along with specific benefits of the seeded rod morphology.
Experimental Validation of Methanol Synthesis from Steel Mill Gases Using a Miniplant Setup
Authors: Nestler Florian , Full Johannes , Jäckle Jan‐Marc , Linsenmeier Johannes , Roob Johanna , Hadrich Max J. , Schaadt Achim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUtilization of the gas streams generated by the iron‐ and steel‐making industry for the synthesis of synthetic fuels or chemicals is a promising way to kickstart a technical carbon cycle. Methanol synthesis from cleaned blast furnace gas is a challenge for process design and operation due to high inert gas contents and fluctuations in the gas supply. In this work, a miniplant setup with an adiabatic quench bed reactor was operated with cleaned blast furnace gas over a wide range of process conditions. The experimental data obtained were used to validate a simulation model of the miniplant setup with the perspective for an optimization of the process operational parameters. A high agreement between experimental and simulation data could be obtained, validating the applicability of the simulation approach presented in this work.
YTHDF2 promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by activation of the Akt and NF‐κB signalling pathways via inhibiting EPHB3 and TNFAIP3
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Yan‐Lan , Qiu Kai , Cao Yi‐Qiang , Zhang Feng‐Jiang , Zhao Hai‐Biao , Liu Xian‐Zhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTemozolomide (TMZ) resistance is a key factor that restricts the therapeutic effect of glioblastoma (GBM). YTH‐domain family member 2 (YTHDF2) is highly expressed in GBM tissues, while the mechanism of YTHDF2 in TMZ resistance in GBM remains not fully elucidated.MethodsThe YTHDF2 expression in TMZ‐resistant tissues and cells was detected. Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic value of YTHDF2 in GBM. Effect of YTHDF2 in TMZ resistance in GBM was explored via corresponding experiments. RNA sequence, FISH in conjugation with fluorescent immunostaining, RNA immunoprecipitation, dual‐luciferase reporter gene and immunofluorescence were applied to investigate the mechanism of YTHDF2 that boosted TMZ resistance in GBM.ResultsYTHDF2 was up‐regulated in TMZ‐resistant tissues and cells, and patients with high expression of YTHDF2 showed lower survival rate than the patients with low expression of YTHDF2. The elevated YTHDF2 expression boosted TMZ resistance in GBM cells, and the decreased YTHDF2 expression enhanced TMZ sensitivity in TMZ‐resistant GBM cells. Mechanically, YTHDF2 bound to the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) sites in the 3′UTR of EPHB3 and TNFAIP3 to decrease the mRNA stability. YTHDF2 activated the PI3K/Akt and NF‐κB signals through inhibiting expression of EPHB3 and TNFAIP3, and the inhibition of the two pathways attenuated YTHDF2‐mediated TMZ resistance.ConclusionYTHDF2 enhanced TMZ resistance in GBM by activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF‐κB signalling pathways via inhibition of EPHB3 and TNFAIP3.
A Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Bismuth Iodine Material Showing High Phase Transition Point and Low Bandgap
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Wang Pan , You Xiuli , Wei Zhenhong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecently, hybrid organic‐inorganic lead halide materials have attracted great attention for their applications in the fields of light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaics, photodetector. However, these hybrid materials usually suffer from environmental and human health issues because of the toxic lead moieties. Herein, we report a novel lead‐free bismuth iodide phase transition material, [NH3(CH2)7NH3][BiI5] (1), which undergoes a reversible phase transition at high temperature 351.7 K and exhibits a step fashion dielectric anomaly. The structural phase transition of 1 is mainly originated from the order‐disorder transition of the 1,7‐heptanediamine cations. Besides, the solid‐state UV‐vis spectrum of 1 displays an intense adsorption at around 658 nm; which gives an indirect bandgap of 1.89 eV. Such a small bandgap value is comparable to most of the organic‐inorganic hybrid lead halide type semiconductors. We believe this study will shed light on the exploration of lead‐free organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide semiconductors toward future device applications.
Shape Regulation of CeO2 Nanozymes Boosts Reaction Specificity and Activity
Authors: Tan Zicong , Wang Ying , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhang , Man Wong Samantha Sze , Zhang Shiqing , Sun Hongyan , Yung Ken Kin Lam , Peng Yung‐Kang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmong reported nanozymes, CeO2 seems to be the only transition metal oxide that can mimic phosphatase and peroxidase by catalyzing substrate dephosphorylation and oxidation (with H2O2). However, no consensus on the key Ce species was reached in the literature using spherical CeO2 enclosed by (111) and (100) surfaces, not to mention the further control of its reaction specificity. In this study, octahedral and cubic CeO2 preferentially terminated by (111) and (100) surfaces were found to exhibit high reaction specificity (and activity) towards each of the above reactions. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that this is closely associated with the Lewis acidity (or electron density) of surface Ce species. The acidic Ce species on (111) surface can catalyze substrate dephosphorylation at room temperature but do not for substrate oxidation with H2O2. This correlation was further evidenced by the electron‐rich Ce species on (100) surface, hindering the first reaction while promoting the latter.
Optimum Trombe wall thickness in the Mediterranean Tunisian context: An energetic and economic study
Authors: Abbassi Fakhreddine , Naili Nabiha , Dehmani Leila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTrombe walls figure among many passive devices used in the Mediterranean climate to minimize heating demands in residential buildings. The thickness of this massive wall is a critical parameter that influences the effectiveness of the system. Insufficient wall thickness conducts to an important interior temperature fluctuation, and huge wall thickness will increase costs and thermal resistance. In this paper, the optimum thickness of four different construction materials (concrete, stone, adobe, and brick), which can be used in the Trombe wall, was determined using an energetic and economic analysis. The energetic results with TRNSYS software show that the best materials, which can contribute to a reduction by 50% in heating loads of a single room, are stone and concrete. For the economic analysis, the life cycle cost and the payback period were calculated for each construction material. The results show that the optimum thickness for stone and concrete are, respectively, 34 and 32 cm with a payback period of 2.85 and 2.65 years.