bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation questionnaire in advanced cancer: a psychometric study of a novel measure of healthcare provider interactions
Authors: de Vries Froukje E , Mah Kenneth , Malfitano Carmine , Shapiro Gilla K , Zimmermann Camilla , Hales Sarah , Rodin Gary 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe Clinical Evaluation Questionnaire (CEQ) is a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) that assesses the perceived benefit of therapeutic interactions of patients with advanced cancer with their healthcare providers concerning issues relevant to their illness. It was developed for a randomised controlled trial of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM), a brief supportive-expressive therapy for patients with advanced cancer. The present study evaluates the preliminary psychometric properties of the CEQ.MethodPatients in the CALM and usual care groups completed the CEQ 3 (n=195) and 6 (n=186) months after randomisation. The CEQ’s internal consistency, factor structure and concurrent validity were evaluated, and CEQ scores in the treatment groups were compared.ResultsThe CEQ demonstrated high internal consistency for both treatment arms (Cronbach’s α=0.94 to 0.95), and a single factor was consistently found in exploratory factor analyses. CEQ scores correlated significantly with satisfaction with the relationship with healthcare providers (r=0.23 to 0.61, p≤0.02) and life completion (r=0.24 to 0.37, p≤0.02) in both groups and with spiritual well-being in the CALM group (meaning: r=0.23 to 0.24, p=0.01 to 0.02; faith: r=0.24 to 0.34, p=0.001 to 0.02). The CALM group showed higher CEQ total scores than usual care at 6 months (CALM: 18.19±6.59; usual care: 14.36±7.67, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe CEQ is a reliable and valid PREM of the benefit perceived by patients with advanced cancer from their interactions with healthcare providers. Further study is needed to establish its value as a measure of perceived intervention benefit across different clinical and research settings.
PD-L1 blockade liberates intrinsic antitumourigenic properties of glycolytic macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lu Li-Gong , Zhou Zhi-Ling , Wang Xu-Yan , Liu Bo-Yuan , Lu Jin-Ying , Liu Shuai , Zhang Guang-Bo , Zhan Mei-Xiao , Chen Yun 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivePatients with increased PD-L1+host cells in tumours are more potent to benefit from antiprogrammed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatment, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. We aim to elucidate the nature, regulation and functional relevance of PD-L1+host cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).DesignA total of untreated 184 HCC patients was enrolled randomly. C57BL/6 mice are given injection of Hepa1-6 cells to form autologous hepatoma. ELISpot, flow cytometry and real-time PCR are applied to analyse the phenotypic characteristics of PD-L1+cells isolated directly from HCC specimens paired with blood samples or generated from ex vivo and in vitro culture systems. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry are performed to detect the presence of immune cells on paraffin-embedded and formalin-fixed samples. The underlying regulatory mechanisms of metabolic switching are assessed by both in vitro and in vivo studies.ResultsWe demonstrate that PD-L1+host macrophages, which constructively represent the major cellular source of PD-L1 in HCC tumours, display an HLA-DRhighCD86highglycolytic phenotype, significantly produce antitumourigenic IL-12p70 and are polarised by intrinsic glycolytic metabolism. Mechanistically, a key glycolytic enzyme PKM2 triggered by hepatoma cell derived fibronectin 1, via a HIF-1α-dependent manner, concurrently controls the antitumourigenic properties and inflammation-mediated PD-L1 expression in glycolytic macrophages. Importantly, although increased PKM2+glycolytic macrophages predict poor prognosis of patients, blocking PD-L1 on these cells eliminates PD-L1-dominant immunosuppression and liberates intrinsic antitumourigenic properties.ConclusionsSelectively modulating the ‘context’ of glycolytic macrophages in HCC tumours might restore their antitumourigenic properties and provide a precise strategy for anticancer therapy.
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in Waldenström macroglobulinemia: a preclinical model and initial clinical experience
Authors: Palomba M Lia , Qualls David , Monette Sebastien , Sethi Shenon , Dogan Ahmet , Roshal Mikhail , Senechal Brigitte , Wang Xiuyan , Rivière Isabelle , Sadelain Michel , Brentjens Renier J , Park Jae H , Smith Eric L 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundWaldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable disease and, while treatable, can develop resistance to available therapies and be fatal. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy directed against the CD19 antigen has demonstrated efficacy in relapsed or refractory B lymphoid malignancies, and is now approved for B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and certain B cell lymphomas. However, CAR T therapy has not been evaluated for use in WM.Methods and resultsWe performed preclinical studies demonstrating CAR T cell activity against WM cells in vitro, and developed an in vivo murine model of WM which demonstrated prolonged survival with use of CAR T therapy. We then report the first three patients with multiply relapsed and refractory WM treated for their disease with CD19-directed CAR T cells on clinical trials. Treatment was well tolerated, and observed toxicities were consistent with those seen in CAR T treatment for other diseases, and no grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity events occurred. All three patients attained at least a clinical response to treatment, including one minimal residual disease-negative complete response, though all three eventually developed recurrent disease between 3 and 26 months after initial treatment.ConclusionsThis report summarizes preclinical and clinical activity of CD19-directed CAR T therapy in WM, demonstrating early tolerability and efficacy in patients with WM, and representing a possible treatment option in patients with heavily pretreated and relapsed or refractory WM. Larger studies evaluating CAR T therapy in WM are warranted, along with further evaluation into mechanisms of resistance to CAR T therapy.
Demographics, distribution and experiences of UK clinical academic trainees using GMC NTS Survey data
Authors: Beckwith Hannah , Selimi Valmir , Mussad Asya , Graham-Brown Matt , Knapton Andy , Irish Bill , Carr Sue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Involvement in research plays an integral role in the delivery of high-quality patient care, benefitting doctors, patients and employers. It is important that access to clinical academic training opportunities are inclusive and equitable. To better understand the academic trainee population, distribution of academic posts and their reported experience of clinical training, we analysed 53 477 anonymous responses from General Medical Council databases and the 2019 National Training Survey. Academic trainees are more likely to be men, and the gender divide begins prior to graduation. There are very low numbers of international medical graduates and less than full-time academic trainees. A small number of UK universities produce a greater prevalence of doctors successfully appointed to academic posts; subsequent academic training also clusters around these institutions. At more senior levels, academic trainees are significantly more likely to be of white ethnicity, although among UK graduates, no ethnicity differences were seen. Foundation academic trainees report a poorer experience of some aspects of their clinical training placements, with high workloads reported by all academic trainees. Our work highlights important disparities in the demographics of the UK clinical academic trainee population and raises concerns that certain groups of doctors face barriers accessing and progressing in UK academic training pathways.
Machine learning algorithm can provide assistance for the diagnosis of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Qin Lian , Qi Quan , Aikeliyaer Ainiwaer , Hou Wen Qing , Zuo Chang Xin , Ma Xiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Our aim was to use the constructed machine learning (ML) models as auxiliary diagnostic tools to improve the diagnostic accuracy of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Materials and methods
A total of 2878 patients were included in this retrospective study, including 1409 patients with NSTEMI and 1469 patients with unstable angina pectoris. The clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patients were used to construct the initial attribute set. SelectKBest algorithm was used to determine the most important features. A feature engineering method was applied to create new features correlated strongly to train ML models and obtain promising results. Based on the experimental dataset, the ML models of extreme gradient boosting, support vector machine, random forest, naïve Bayesian, gradient boosting machines and logistic regression were constructed. Each model was verified by test set data, and the diagnostic performance of each model was comprehensively evaluated.

Results
The six ML models based on the training set all play an auxiliary role in the diagnosis of NSTEMI. Although all models taken for comparison performed differences, the extreme gradient boosting ML model performed the best in terms of accuracy rate (0.95±0.014), precision rate (0.94±0.011), recall rate (0.98±0.003) and F-1 score (0.96±0.007) in NSTEMI.

Conclusions
The ML model constructed based on clinical data can be used as an auxiliary tool to improve the accuracy of NSTEMI diagnosis. According to our comprehensive evaluation, the performance of the extreme gradient boosting model was the best.
Impact of conservation tillage on runoff, soil loss, and soil properties on acrisols and ferralsols in central Benin
Authors: Akplo Tobi Moriaque , Alladassi Félix Kouelo , Zoundji Mahougnon Charlotte Carmelle , Avakoudjo Julien , Houngnandan Pascal , Dagbénonbakin Dieudonné Gustave , Saïdou Aliou , Benmansour Moncef , Fulajtar Emil , Amadji Guillaume Lucien , Azontondé Hessou Anastase , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Kakaï Romain Glèlè 
Published: February 2022

The present study is aimed at assessing the impact of different tillage practices and mulch input rates on soil erosion and soil properties in Central Benin. The experiment was carried out at two sites (Dan and Za-zounmè) using a randomized complete block design. The effect of three tillage practices: contour ridging (CR), slope ridging (SR), and no-tillage (NT) and four mulch input rates (0, 3, 5, and 7 t·ha−1) was investigated. The runoff, the soil, and nutrients losses were measured during the major rainy seasons of 2018 and 2019. Bulk density, gravimetric moisture, and water infiltration were collected in 2019. The effect of the interaction between tillage practices and mulch input rates was significant on runoff amount, runoff coefficient, soil loss, N, P, and K losses, and soil moisture. Over the investigated seasons, CR + 7M decreased runoff amount, runoff coefficient, soil loss, and N, P, and K losses by 100% compared to the treatments. NT was found to be effective in runoff and soil erosion controlling when combined with a mulch quantity greater than 3 t·ha−1, and NT + 5M and NT + 7M reduced the soil loss, respectively, by more than 30% compared to the farmer’s practice (SR + 0M) at both sites. Contour ridge treatments yielded more soil moisture than NT and slope ridge treatments. Whatever the tillage practice, the greatest gravimetric moisture was recorded on 5 and 7 t·ha−1 plots (i.e., CR + 7M, NT + 7M, and SR + 7M). This study provides decision makers with requisite information for effective soil erosion management in Benin where mechanization aids are limited.
Reconstructing the neutrino energy for in-ice radio detectors
Authors: Aguilar J. A. , Allison P. , Beatty J. J. , Bernhoff H. , Besson D. , Bingefors N. , Botner O. , Bouma S. , Buitink S. , Carter K. , Cataldo M. , Clark B. A. , Curtis-Ginsberg Z. , Connolly A. , Dasgupta P. , de Kockere S. , de Vries K. D. , Deaconu C. , DuVernois M. A. , Glaser C. , Hallgren A. , Hallmann S. , Hanson J. C. , Hendricks B. , Hokanson-Fasig B. , Hornhuber C. , Hughes K. , Karle A. , Kelley J. L. , Klein S. R. , Krebs R. , Lahmann R. , Latif U. , Meures T. , Meyers Z. S. , Mulrey K. , Nelles A. , Novikov A. , Oberla E. , Oeyen B. , Pandya H. , Plaisier I. , Pyras L. , Ryckbosch D. , Scholten O. , Seckel D. , Smith D. , Southall D. , Torres J. , Toscano S. , Tosi D. , Van Den Broeck D. J. , van Eijndhoven N. , Vieregg A. G. , Welling C. , Wissel S. , Young R. , Zink A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince summer 2021, the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is searching for astrophysical neutrinos at energies $${>10}$$

>
10

PeV by detecting the radio emission from particle showers in the ice around Summit Station, Greenland. We present an extensive simulation study that shows how RNO-G will be able to measure the energy of such particle cascades, which will in turn be used to estimate the energy of the incoming neutrino that caused them. The location of the neutrino interaction is determined using the differences in arrival times between channels and the electric field of the radio signal is reconstructed using a novel approach based on Information Field Theory. Based on these properties, the shower energy can be estimated. We show that this method can achieve an uncertainty of 13% on the logarithm of the shower energy after modest quality cuts and estimate how this can constrain the energy of the neutrino. The method presented in this paper is applicable to all similar radio neutrino detectors, such as the proposed radio array of IceCube-Gen2.
Deformed relativistic kinematics on curved spacetime: a geometric approach
Authors: Pfeifer Christian , Relancio José Javier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDeformed relativistic kinematics have been considered as a way to capture residual effects of quantum gravity. It has been shown that they can be understood geometrically in terms of a curved momentum space on a flat spacetime. In this article we present a systematic analysis under which conditions and how deformed relativistic kinematics, encoded in a momentum space metric on flat spacetime, can be lifted to curved spacetimes in terms of a self-consistent cotangent bundle geometry, which leads to purely geometric, geodesic motion of freely falling point particles. We comment how this construction is connected to, and offers a new perspective on, non-commutative spacetimes. From geometric consistency conditions we find that momentum space metrics can be consistently lifted to curved spacetimes if they either lead to a dispersion relation which is homogeneous in the momenta, or, if they satisfy a specific symmetry constraint. The latter is relevant for the momentum space metrics encoding the most studied deformed relativistic kinematics. For these, the constraint can only be satisfied in a momentum space basis in which the momentum space metric is invariant under linear local Lorentz transformations. We discuss how this result can be interpreted and the consequences of relaxing some conditions and principles of the construction from which we started.
From electromagnetic to sediment textural maps: an integrated approach to unravel the intra-point-bar variability of sediment properties
Authors: Bellizia Elena , Tognin Davide , Boaga Jacopo , Cassiani Giorgio , Leardi Riccardo , Finotello Alvise , D'Alpaos Andrea , Ghinassi Massimiliano 
Published: February 2022

Sedimentary sand bodies that originated by the evolution of meandering channels such as point bars, host surficial aquifers, providing preferential pathways for groundwater flow in mud-dominated floodplains. These aquifers are a major source of freshwater, yet they can suffer from different environmental issues such as pollution and salt-water intrusion, which can critically damage agriculture and socio-economical activities. Understanding the internal architecture of point-bar bodies is essential to plan proper aquifer management and address environmental issues in coastal plains.
To provide a spatially extensive, cost-effective characterization of point-bar body architecture, this work proposes a multidisciplinary approach to investigate geophysical and sedimentological data through statistical analyses, with an application to two palaeo-meanders in the Venetian Plain, Italy. In this setting, point-bar deposits mainly consist of fine to coarse sand and display lower electromagnetic conductivity values compared to the surrounding muddy overbank deposits. Statistical multivariate analyses on sedimentological and geophysical properties overcome the qualitative direct dependence of electromagnetic conductivity on sediment grain size alone, highlighting a stronger relationship with sediment sorting. By calibrating this relationship on a reasonable number of samples representative of the different depositional bodies, this methodology finally provides maps of sediment textural properties at the meander scale.
GraphBLAST: A High-Performance Linear Algebra-based Graph Framework on the GPU
Authors: Yang Carl , Buluç Aydın , Owens John D. 
Published: February 2022

High-performance implementations of graph algorithms are challenging to implement on new parallel hardware such as GPUs because of three challenges: (1) the difficulty of coming up with graph building blocks, (2) load imbalance on parallel hardware, and (3) graph problems having low arithmetic intensity. To address some of these challenges, GraphBLAS is an innovative, on-going effort by the graph analytics community to propose building blocks based on sparse linear algebra, which allow graph algorithms to be expressed in a performant, succinct, composable, and portable manner. In this paper, we examine the performance challenges of a linear-algebra-based approach to building graph frameworks and describe new design principles for overcoming these bottlenecks. Among the new design principles is
exploiting input sparsity
, which allows users to write graph algorithms without specifying push and pull direction.
Exploiting output sparsity
allows users to tell the backend which values of the output in a single vectorized computation they do not want computed.
Load-balancing
is an important feature for balancing work amongst parallel workers. We describe the important load-balancing features for handling graphs with different characteristics. The design principles described in this paper have been implemented in “GraphBLAST”, the first high-performance linear algebra-based graph framework on NVIDIA GPUs that is open-source. The results show that on a single GPU, GraphBLAST has on average at least an order of magnitude speedup over previous GraphBLAS implementations SuiteSparse and GBTL, comparable performance to the fastest GPU hardwired primitives and shared-memory graph frameworks Ligra and Gunrock, and better performance than any other GPU graph framework, while offering a simpler and more concise programming model.
Risk of Parkinson Disease and Secondary Parkinsonism in Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Sundbøll Jens , Szépligeti Szimonetta Komjáthiné , Szentkúti Péter , Adelborg Kasper , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Pedersen Lars , Henderson Victor W. , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: February 2022

Background
In addition to primary neurodegenerative processes, vascular disorders, such as stroke, can lead to parkinsonism. However, some cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and elevated cholesterol levels, are associated with reduced risk of Parkinson disease. We examined the risk of Parkinson disease and secondary parkinsonism in 1‐year survivors of myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and Results
We conducted a nationwide population‐based matched cohort study using Danish medical registries from 1995 to 2016. We identified all patients with a first‐time MI diagnosis and sampled a sex‐, age‐, and calendar year–matched general population comparison cohort without MI. Cox regression analysis was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for Parkinson disease and secondary parkinsonism, controlled for matching factors and adjusted for relevant comorbidities and socioeconomic factors. We identified 181 994 patients with MI and 909 970 matched comparison cohort members (median age, 71 years; 62% men). After 21 years of follow‐up, the cumulative incidence was 0.9% for Parkinson disease and 0.1% for secondary parkinsonism in the MI cohort. Compared with the general population cohort, MI was associated with a decreased risk of Parkinson disease (aHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.87) and secondary parkinsonism (aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.94).

Conclusions
MI was associated with a 20% decreased risk of Parkinson disease and 28% decreased risk of secondary parkinsonism. Reduced risk may reflect an inverse relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and Parkinson disease.
Working Memory Swap Errors Have Identifiable Neural Representations
Authors: Mallett Remington , Lorenc Elizabeth S. , Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Working memory is an essential component of cognition that facilitates goal-directed behavior. Famously, it is severely limited and performance suffers when memory load exceeds an individual's capacity. Modeling of visual working memory responses has identified two likely types of errors: guesses and swaps. Swap errors may arise from a misbinding between the features of different items. Alternatively, these errors could arise from memory noise in the feature dimension used for cueing a to-be-tested memory item, resulting in the wrong item being selected. Finally, it is possible that so-called swap errors actually reflect informed guessing, which could occur at the time of a cue, or alternatively, at the time of the response. Here, we combined behavioral response modeling and fMRI pattern analysis to test the hypothesis that swap errors involve the active maintenance of an incorrect memory item. After the encoding of six spatial locations, a retro-cue indicated which location would be tested after memory retention. On accurate trials, we could reconstruct a memory representation of the cued location in both early visual cortex and intraparietal sulcus. On swap error trials identified with mixture modeling, we were able to reconstruct a representation of the swapped location, but not of the cued location, suggesting the maintenance of the incorrect memory item before response. Moreover, participants subjectively responded with some level of confidence, rather than complete guessing, on a majority of swap error trials. Together, these results suggest that swap errors are not mere response-phase guesses, but instead result from failures of selection in working memory, contextual binding errors, or informed guesses, which produce active maintenance of incorrect memory representations.