bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the effects of climate change on the profitability of Australian farms
Authors: Hughes Neal , Lu Michael , Soh Wei Ying , Lawson Kenton 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent shifts in the Australian climate including both higher temperatures and lower winter rainfall have had significant effects on the agriculture sector. Despite these recent trends, there remains uncertainty over the future climate and its potential impacts on Australian farm businesses. In this study, a statistical model of Australian cropping and livestock farms is combined with downscaled temperature and rainfall projections for 2050, to simulate the effects of climate change on farm profits. These future projections are compared against both a historical reference climate (1950 to 2000) and recent conditions (2001 to 2020). The results provide an indication of ‘adaptation pressure’: showing which regions, sectors and farm types may be under greater pressure to adapt or adjust to climate change. Future scenarios produce a wide range of outcomes, with simulated change in average farm profits (without any long-run adaptation or technological advance) ranging from −2 to -32% under RCP4.5 and −11 to −50% under RCP8.5, compared with a decline of 22.3% under observed post-2000 conditions (all relative to 1950 to 2000 climate). In contrast with the recent observed changes, projections show relatively moderate effects in south-eastern Australia, but relatively stronger effects for livestock farms in northern Australia.
Organizational Change in Complex Systems: Organizational and Leadership Factors in the Introduction of Open Dialogue to Mental Health Care Services
Authors: Lennon Elizabeth , Hopkins Liza , Einboden Rochelle , McCloughen Andrea , Dawson Lisa , Buus Niels 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConventional mental health services are frequently criticized for failing to support people and communities in their care. Open Dialogue is a non-conventional humanistic approach to mental health care, which has been implemented in many different settings globally. At two Australian public health care services, implementation of the approach led to positive client outcomes and sustained organizational and clinical change. The aim of the study was to identify and explore the organizational, management, leadership and cultural factors that contributed to sustained implementation in these complex systems. We conducted nine individual semi-structured interviews of health care leaders and managers from the two sites. Transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed thematically. Leaders facilitated a gradual development of clinical and organizational legitimacy for the non-standardized Open Dialogue approach by holding the anxiety and frustration of practitioners and parts of the administration, cultivating cultural change and adaptation and by continually removing organizational obstacles.
Sulfur analyses and mineralogical data in the preliminary mine waste characterization
Authors: Karlsson Teemu , Kauppila Päivi M. , Lehtonen Marja , Alakangas Lena , Kauppila Tommi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the use of the acid production potential (AP) calculation factor and seven different S analysis methods in the preliminary mine waste characterization by analyzing and comparing 48 Finnish mine waste samples. Special attention was paid on mineralogical aspects and data produced in the exploration phase of a mining project.According to our results, the abundance of sulfide species other than pyrite in Finnish mine waste suggests that the factor to calculate the AP should be considered based on mineralogy and would often be below 31.25. Therefore, the mineralogy-based determination of S should be preferred. However, the determination of S based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) mineralogy includes some uncertainties. Underestimation of S content may appear if not all S-bearing mineral particles have been detected, or if the amount of S is low in general. This uncertainty appears to be especially related to the samples containing elevated (> 9 wt%) amounts of serpentine, diopside, augite, and/or hornblende. Risk of overestimating AP is related to samples containing high amounts (> 4.13 wt%) of S-bearing minerals. These uncertainties can be reduced by inspecting that the SEM mineralogy-based S concentrations are in line with the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer data. The aqua regia extractable S concentrations, which are often available in the exploration phase, appeared to be usable in the preliminary waste rock AP assessment and often comparable with the analytical total S values in the Finnish waste rock samples, especially when the samples did not contain any sulfate minerals. In contrast, the analytical sulfide S and the X-ray fluorescence methods may lead to an underestimation of AP.
What Matters More, Perceived or Real Crime?
Authors: Manning Matthew , Fleming Christopher M. , Pham Hien-Thuc , Wong Gabriel T. W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrime consistently penetrates public and political debate, where crime, either perceived or real, shapes one’s sense of security, safety and wellbeing. This matters, as the perceived versus real dilemma influences policy decisions. But what matters most? Here the evidence is mixed with often highly inconsistent findings. Against this background, and employing more recent and arguably more robust econometric models, we compare the effect of real crime and perceived crime on self-reported life satisfaction after controlling for the effect of victimisation. We also explore the heterogenous effects of real crime and perceived crime among different socioeconomic and demographic groups. Overall, our results, across all model specifications, demonstrate that perceived crime always matters, while real crime only matters to those on high-incomes. We also find that females tend to be more sensitive to their perceptions, while living outside major cities does not have a significant effect. Our results support our belief that more should be done to reduce the misperceptions of crime. Further, public media coverage related to crime should be more objective and informative to avoid inflating misperceptions and public distress.
Does sentence length affect the risk for criminal recidivism? A quasi-experimental study of three policy reforms in Sweden
Authors: Al Weswasi Enes , Sivertsson Fredrik , Bäckman Olof , Nilsson Anders 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study examines the relationship between incarceration time and post-release recidivism among first-time incarcerated adult offenders.

Methods
A quasi-experimental design was adopted consisting of three policy reforms that were treated as separate natural experiments. While holding imposed sentence length constant, these policy reforms either decreased or increased the required share of a sentence inmates needed to be incarcerated before being eligible for parole. Data consisted of large-scale administrative records containing all convictions for the Swedish cohorts born in 1958 and later.

Results
Results indicate that neither increased nor decreased incarceration time had a statistically significant effect on post-release recidivism, irrespective of how recidivism was measured.

Conclusions
Findings reveal little evidence for incarceration time having a criminogenic or specific preventive effect on post-release recidivism.
Electromyographic and kinematic evaluation of bench press exercise: a case report study on athletes with different impairments and expertise
Authors: Bellitto Amy , Marchesi Giorgia , Comini Micaela , Massone Antonino , Casadio Maura , De Luca Alice 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
With an increase in the number of adapted sports, the need to monitor sports performance in people with different abilities has grown. Indeed, a thorough evaluation of the sports gesture could prevent the occurrence of injuries, enable a continuous performance assessment, and allow to verify the compliance of the requirements for the competitions. Gesture kinematics provides an assessment of performance, while the muscle activities reveal the underlying strategies adopted by each athlete. In this context, we propose an instrumented evaluation to assess performance in Para-powerlifting. Our goal is to define and test a setup and a protocol to quantitatively assess the execution of bench press exercise in athletes with different abilities.

Methods
We recruited an unimpaired athlete and three Paralympic athletes. They were requested to execute the bench press exercise while we recorded muscle activity and kinematic data from the upper body. We investigated the sport gesture by extracting parameters describing coordination, symmetry, and synchronism between arms, and motor variability while repeating the gesture.

Results
Paralympic athletes performed the gestures with higher coordination between arms and low variability across repetitions compared to the unimpaired athlete, who was not at the Olympic level. All participants obtained similar kinematic performance by adopting different muscle strategies.

Conclusions
This study is a proof of concept that the instrumented evaluation proposed here can allow to conduct a complete assessment of the bench press exercise, in terms of kinematics, muscle activity and performance in athletes with different abilities.
Antimicrobial resistance genes in microbiota associated with sediments and water from the Akaki river in Ethiopia
Authors: Yitayew Berhanu , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash , Asrat Daniel , Rahman Aminur , Mihret Adane , Aseffa Abraham , Olsson Per-Erik , Jass Jana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens is a global health concern. Most studies report high levels of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic environment; however, levels associated with sediments are limited. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of ARGs in the sediments and water of the Akaki river in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The diversity and abundance of 84 ARGs and 116 clinically important bacteria were evaluated from the sediments and water collected from five sites in the Akaki river. Most of the ARGs were found in the city close to anthropogenic activities. Water samples collected in the middle catchment of the river contained 71–75% of targeted ARGs, with genes encoding aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6)-Ib-cr), aminoglycoside adenylyl transferase (aadA1), β-lactamase (blaOXA-10), quinolone resistance S (qnrS), macrolide efflux protein A (mefA), and tetracycline resistance (tetA), were detected at all sampling sites. Much fewer ARGs were detected in all sediments, and those near the hospitals had the highest diversity and level. Despite the lower levels and diversity, there were no unique ARGs detected in the sediments that were also not detected in the waters. A wide range of clinically relevant pathogens were also detected in the Akaki river. The findings suggest that the water phase, rather than the sediments in the Akaki river, is a potential conduit for the spread of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
A Coaxial Wire-Feed Additive Manufacturing of Metal Components Using a Profile Electron Beam in Space Application
Authors: Kovalchuk Dmytro , Melnyk Vitalii , Melnyk Ihor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite the variety of different methods of metal 3D printing on Earth, only a few of them can be realized in space. Processes that employ electron beam as a heat source and wire as a consumable material is among the most promising methods for these applications. But to date, such processes still have not been implemented in actual space operation, mainly due to the low accuracy and resolution of these 3D printed products that require significant post-processing for their intended use. Large and heavy hardware employed in these processes is another significant problem. xBeam 3D Metal Printing is the electron beam DED-wire additive manufacturing technology that has already demonstrated the capability to produce high-quality parts with high productivity on terrestrial relatively lightweight and compact hardware. xBeam process employs a profile electron beam generated by low-voltage gas-discharge electron beam guns combined with the coaxial wire feed to provide excellent control of metallurgy processes in the melt pool and around it during deposition. Realized metallurgy conditions are the crucial factor in providing the combination of high accuracy and resolution with good metal structure and properties. Moreover, maintaining such metallurgy conditions does not require gravity—only cohesion/adhesion forces and surface tension forces are involved. This fact suggests good prospects for using the xBeam 3D Metal Printing in space applications. In addition, the method opens several unique technological opportunities that are important in space exploration, including the nonstick deposition technique allowing the production of "ready-to-use" parts, surface glazing able to substitute machining, recycling of the metal waste directly into wire for 3D printing, and others. The article presents technical solutions for implementing 3D printing and related processes in space conditions and analyzes the metallurgical aspects of the technology using titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V as an example.
Theoretical and experimental study on the fluidity performance of hard-to-fluidize carbon nanotubes-based CO2 capture sorbents
Authors: Nobarzad Mahsa Javidi , Tahmasebpoor Maryam , Heidari Mohammad , Pevida Covadonga 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotubes-based materials have been identified as promising sorbents for efficient CO2 capture in fluidized beds, suffering from insufficient contact with CO2 for the high-level CO2 capture capacity. This study focuses on promoting the fluidizability of hard-to-fluidize pure and synthesized silica-coated amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes. The novel synthesized sorbent presents a superior sorption capacity of about 25 times higher than pure carbon nanotubes during 5 consecutive adsorption/regeneration cycles. The low-cost fluidizable-SiO2 nanoparticles are used as assistant material to improve the fluidity of carbon nanotubes-based sorbents. Results reveal that a minimum amount of 7.5 and 5 wt% SiO2 nanoparticles are required to achieve an agglomerate particulate fluidization behavior for pure and synthesized carbon nanotubes, respectively. Pure carbon nanotubes + 7.5 wt% SiO2 and synthesized carbon nanotubes + 5 wt% SiO2 indicates an agglomerate particulate fluidization characteristic, including the high-level bed expansion ratio, low minimum fluidization velocity (1.5 and 1.6 cms−1), high Richardson—Zaki n index (5.2 and 5.3 > 5), and low Π value (83.2 and 84.8 < 100, respectively). Chemical modification of carbon nanotubes causes not only enhanced CO2 uptake capacity but also decreases the required amount of silica additive to reach a homogeneous fluidization behavior for synthesized carbon nanotubes sorbent.
Zur Verwendung projektiver Verfahren in der Familienrechtspsychologie: ein Diskussionsbeitrag
Authors: Neuerburg Charis R. , Banse Rainer 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungProjektive Verfahren werden auch heute noch in der familienrechtspsychologischen Diagnostik eingesetzt. Erfahrungsgemäß lassen sich 3 unterschiedliche Anwendungsarten unterscheiden: a) als klassisch diagnostisches Instrument, b) als informelle Verhaltensprobe oder c) als Explorationshilfe bzw. Gesprächseinstieg. In der folgenden Übersicht werden diese 3 Anwendungsarten dargestellt sowie ihr Nutzen für die familienrechtspsychologische Diagnostik kritisch diskutiert. Hierfür wird zunächst ein Überblick über die empirische Fundierung der am meisten genutzten projektiven Verfahren (des Thematischen Apperzeptionstests und zeichnerische Verfahren allgemein) gegeben. Es wird dann diskutiert, ob die klassischen psychometrischen Gütekriterien auf projektive Verfahren anwendbar sind. Hinsichtlich der Verwendung projektiver Verfahren als informelle Verhaltensprobe wird auf mögliche Urteilsverzerrungen hingewiesen, insbesondere den „confirmation bias“, den Effekt der illusorischen Korrelation und den möglichen Einfluss irrelevanter Informationen auf den diagnostischen Prozess. Angesichts der potenziell negativen Auswirkungen auf die Validität der Diagnostik empfehlen wir, projektive Verfahren nicht in der Einzelfalldiagnostik einzusetzen, wenn keine direkten empirischen Belege für die Validität des spezifischen Verfahrens für die genutzte Auswertungsart und das zu diagnostizierende Konstrukt vorliegen.
FGF/FGFR signaling in adrenocortical development and tumorigenesis: novel potential therapeutic targets in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Tamburello Mariangela , Altieri Barbara , Sbiera Iuliu , Sigala Sandra , Berruti Alfredo , Fassnacht Martin , Sbiera Silviu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFGF/FGFR signaling regulates embryogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis and wound repair by modulating proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration and metabolism of target cells. Understandably, compelling evidence for deregulated FGF signaling in the development and progression of different types of tumors continue to emerge and FGFR inhibitors arise as potential targeted therapeutic agents, particularly in tumors harboring aberrant FGFR signaling. There is first evidence of a dual role of the FGF/FGFR system in both organogenesis and tumorigenesis, of which this review aims to provide an overview. FGF-1 and FGF-2 are expressed in the adrenal cortex and are the most powerful mitogens for adrenocortical cells. Physiologically, they are involved in development and maintenance of the adrenal gland and bind to a family of four tyrosine kinase receptors, among which FGFR1 and FGFR4 are the most strongly expressed in the adrenal cortex. The repeatedly proven overexpression of these two FGFRs also in adrenocortical cancer is thus likely a sign of their participation in proliferation and vascularization, though the exact downstream mechanisms are not yet elucidated. Thus, FGFRs potentially offer novel therapeutic targets also for adrenocortical carcinoma, a type of cancer resistant to conventional antimitotic agents.
Minocycline Attenuates Microglia/Macrophage Phagocytic Activity and Inhibits SAH-Induced Neuronal Cell Death and Inflammation
Authors: Blecharz-Lang Kinga G. , Patsouris Victor , Nieminen-Kelhä Melina , Seiffert Stefanie , Schneider Ulf C. , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeuroprotective treatment strategies aiming at interfering with either inflammation or cell death indicate the importance of these mechanisms in the development of brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of minocycline on microglia/macrophage cell activity and its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory impact 14 days after aneurismal SAH in mice.MethodsEndovascular filament perforation was used to induce SAH in mice. SAH + vehicle-operated mice were used as controls for SAH vehicle-treated mice and SAH + minocycline-treated mice. The drug administration started 4 h after SAH induction and was daily repeated until day 7 post SAH and continued until day 14 every second day. Brain cryosections were immunolabeled for Iba1 to detect microglia/macrophages and NeuN to visualize neurons. Phagocytosis assay was performed to determine the microglia/macrophage activity status. Apoptotic cells were stained using terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to estimate cytokine gene expression.ResultsWe observed a significantly reduced phagocytic activity of microglia/macrophages accompanied by a lowered spatial interaction with neurons and reduced neuronal apoptosis achieved by minocycline administration after SAH. Moreover, the SAH-induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal cell death was markedly attenuated by the compound.ConclusionsMinocycline treatment may be implicated as a therapeutic approach with long-term benefits in the management of secondary brain injury after SAH in a clinically relevant time window.
The historical nature of biological complexity and the ineffectiveness of the mathematical approach to it
Authors: Forestiero Saverio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContemporary scientific knowledge is built on both methodological and epistemological reductionism. The discovery of the limitations of the reductionist paradigm in the mathematical treatment of certain physical phenomena originated the notion of complexity, both as a pattern and process. After clarifying some very general terms and ideas on biological evolution and biological complexity, the article will tackle to seek to summarize the debate on biological complexity and discuss the difference between complexities of living and inert matter. Some examples of the major successes of mathematics applied to biological problems will follow; the notion of an intrinsic limitation in the application of mathematics to biological complexity as a global, relational, and historical phenomenon at the individual and species level will also be advanced.
Perceiving refugees as threats may backfire on one’s health: Relations with intercultural antecedents and psychological distress among Germans
Authors: Schubert Saskia , Mahat-Shamir Michal , Hamama-Raz Yaira , Ringeisen Tobias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the recent years, research on the conditions, under which members of the host countries such as Germany perceive refugees as threatening and respond with negative attitudes, has increased. However, little attention has been given to the implications that subjective perceptions of threat among the host community may have for their own psychological health. Using integrated threat theory, the current study examined the relationships between perceived threats, person-centered antecedents in intercultural settings, and psychological distress among Germans, who reflected on incoming refugees. Using a survey company, a sample (N = 1000) was recruited, which matched the German census regarding central demographics. Participants completed a cross-sectional online survey with validated self-report measures. Assessments covered four perceived threat types (intergroup anxiety, symbolic and realistic threat, negative stereotypes), person-related antecedents (social identity as German, quantity and quality of prior intercultural contact), and psychological distress. Applying structural equation modeling, we found that high social identification as German was related to greater perceptions of symbolic/realistic threat, stronger negative stereotypes and to more intergroup anxiety. Vice versa, high quality of prior intercultural contact experiences was associated with a decrease of all threat types. The quantity of prior intercultural contact showed almost no relations to perceived threats. In terms of indirect effects, greater quality of contact predicted less distress, and greater identity as German predicted more distress, both via symbolic/realistic threat and intergroup anxiety. Taken together, perceiving refugees as a threatening outgroup may signify a self-harming risk, while high quality of intercultural relations may indirectly enhance health.