bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Reconstruction of Brown II Defects With Anterolateral Thigh Flaps Following Tumor Resection
Authors: Zeng Wei , Rui Tao , Liu Zhixin , Fu Min , Yao Lin , Zhang Zhili , Hong Lei , Zhou Bin , Wang Youyuan 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
Maxillary defects reconstructed with flaps usually cause nasalomaxillary fistula, discomfort oral lining, and poor function of denture. To resolve these problems, this study introduces a modified method of anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) with skin and myofascial paddles to reconstruct nasal and oral lining of maxillary defects.

Methods:
This study retrospectively reviewed 66 consecutive patients of Brown II maxillary defects following tumor resection reconstructed with ALTFs of modified or conventional methods. In modified group, oral lining was reconstructed with myofascial paddle and nasal lining was reconstructed with skin paddle. The functional and aesthetic outcomes, and the scores based on the University of Washington quality of life questionnaire were assessed.

Results:
All flaps were successful in reconstruction of Brown II maxillary defects. No nasalomaxillary fistula and obstruction of the nasal cavity were found in modified ALTFs group. The functions of removable denture were better in modified ALTFs group. There was no significant difference about tumor recurrence, range of mouth opening, and aesthetic outcomes between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
The modified method of ALTF with skin and myofascial piddle to reconstruct Brown IIa and IIb defects following tumor resection is simple and reliable, which improves the oral comfortability and function of denture, and avoids obstruction of the nasal cavity.
TEXT MINING OF THE PEOPLE’S PHARMACY RADIO SHOW TRANSCRIPTS CAN IDENTIFY NOVEL DRUG REPURPOSING HYPOTHESES
Authors: Yedida Rahul , Beasley Jon-Michael , Korn Daniel , Abrar Saad Mohammad , Melo-Filho Cleber C. , Muratov Eugene , Graedon Joe , Graedon Terry , Chirkova Rada , Tropsha Alexander 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveSocial media mining may provide surprising information about unknown effects of drugs. We endeavored to uncover such unknown drug-disease relationships by text mining of audio record transcripts from the popular NPR show, The People’s Pharmacy.Materials and MethodsWe used Google Cloud to transcribe episodes of the NPR podcast into textual documents. We then built a pipeline for systematically pre-processing the text to ensure quality input to the core classification model. Finally, results of the model were filtered by a series of post-processing steps. Our classification model itself uses the FLAIR language model pre-trained on PubMed abstracts. The modular nature of our pipeline allows for ease of future developments in this area by substituting higher quality components at each stage of the pipeline. To validate the drug-disease relating assertions extracted from the podcast, we utilized the DrugCentral database and ROBOKOP biomedical knowledge graph, which capture drug-disease relationships for FDA approved medications.ResultsOur model identified 128 drug-disease pairs that were found in DrugCentral and 112 novel candidate pairs requiring expert review. To demonstrate the expert review process, we found literature evidence supporting the assertions for novel drug-disease pairs.Discussion and ConclusionText mining of social media is increasingly used to uncover novel relationships between semantic concepts corresponding to biomedical concepts. However, mining audio transcripts of specialized podcast shows has not been explored previously for this purpose. Using this approach, we have identified several unknown drug-disease relationships with support in biomedical literature. The proposed approach can extend beyond radio podcasts and could be applied to any source of audio and textual data.
Liability-scale heritability estimation for biobank studies of low prevalence disease
Authors: Ojavee Sven E. , Kutalik Zoltan , Robinson Matthew R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTheory for liability-scale models of the underlying genetic basis of complex disease provides an important way to interpret, compare and understand results generated from biological studies. In particular, liability models facilitate an understanding and comparison of the relative importance of genetic and environmental risk factors that shape different clinically important disease outcomes, through estimation of the liability-scale heritability (LSH). Increasingly, large-scale biobank studies that link genetic information to electronic health records are becoming available, containing hundreds of disease diagnosis indicators that mostly occur infrequently within the sample. Here, we propose an extension of the existing liability-scale model theory suitable for estimating LSH in biobank studies of low-prevalence disease. In a simulation study, we find that our derived expression yields lower MSE and is less sensitive to prevalence misspecification as compared to previous transformations, for diseases with ≤ 2% population prevalence and LSH of ≤ 0.45, especially if the biobank sample prevalence is less than that of the wider population. Applying our expression to 13 diagnostic outcomes of ≤ 3% prevalence in the UK Biobank study, revealed important differences in LSH obtained from the different theoretical expressions, that impact the conclusions made when comparing LSH across disease outcomes. This demonstrates the importance of careful consideration for estimation and prediction of low prevalence disease outcomes, and facilitates improved inference of the underlying genetic basis of ≤ 2% population prevalence diseases, especially where biobanking sample ascertainment results in a healthier sample population.
Choice of Intraoperative Ultrasound adjuncts for Brain Tumor Surgery
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Noronha Santosh , Rangaraj Narayan , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Shetty Prakash , Singh Vikas Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundGliomas are among the most typical brain tumors tackled by neurosurgeons. During navigation for surgery of glioma brain tumors, preoperatively acquired static images may not be accurate due to shifts. Surgeons use intraoperative imaging technologies (2-Dimensional and navigated 3 Dimensional ultrasound) to assess and guide resections. This paper aims to precisely capture the importance of preoperative parameters to decide which type of ultrasound to be used for a particular surgery.MethodsThis paper proposes two bagging algorithms considering base classifier logistic regression and random forest. These algorithms are trained on different subsets of the original data set. The goodness of fit of Logistic regression-based bagging algorithms is established using hypothesis testing. Furthermore, the performance measures for random-forest-based bagging algorithms used are AUC under ROC and AUC under the precision-recall curve. We also present a composite model without compromising the explainability of the models.ResultsThese models were trained on the data of 350 patients who have undergone brain surgery from 2015 to 2020. The hypothesis test shows that a single parameter is sufficient instead of all three dimensions related to the tumor (p < 0.05). We observed that the choice of intraoperative ultrasound depends on the surgeon making a choice, and years of experience of the surgeon could be a surrogate for this dependence.ConclusionThis study suggests that neurosurgeons may not need to focus on a large set of preoperative parameters in order to decide on ultrasound. Moreover, it personalizes the use of a particular ultrasound option in surgery. This approach could potentially lead to better resource management and help healthcare institutions improve their decisions to make the surgery more effective.
Trend and Weightage of Problem-based Questions in Undergraduate Pharmacology Written Question Papers of Bangladesh
Authors: Johora Fatema , Abbasy Asma Akter , Mahboob Sabiha , Jeenia Fatiha Tasmin , Ferdoush Jannatul , Rahman Md. Sayedur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe key objective of pharmacology education is to make graduates competent enough to prescribe safely and effectively. There is worldwide speculation of inadequacy of pharmacology education to achieve the expected learning outcomes. Problem-based pharmacotherapy is considered as one of the crucial way to prepare future physicians as rational prescribers. As assessment drives learning priorities, adequate weightage on problem-based questions in undergraduate pharmacology examination might be helpful.Materials and MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the undergraduate pharmacology written question papers (SAQ) of MBBS curriculum of 07 different universities (Bangladesh University of Professionals, University of Dhaka, University of Chittagong, University of Rajshahi, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong and Gono Bishwabidyalay) of Bangladesh in last 10 years (January 2010 to November 2019). Total 131 question papers were collected, and trend and weightage of problem-based questions were evaluated.ResultsProblem-based questions have been reduced dramatically over the decade and Mean percentage of marks allocated for problem-based questions was 1.2±1.3 over last years. There was significant difference (<0.00001) of weightage of problem-based questions among different universities of Bangladesh. Highest presence of problem-based question was observed in Gono Bishwabidyalay (GB), followed by Shahjalal University of Science and Technology (SUST), University of Rajshahi (RU) and Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP) but there was not a single problem-based question in University of Dhaka (DU), University of Chittagong (CU) and University of Science and Technology (USTC) over 10 years period.ConclusionCurrent study revealed negligible presence of problem-based questions in undergraduate pharmacology written question papers of Bangladesh over 10 years period.
Characterization of the adult zebrafish electrocardiogram
Authors: Arel E. , Rolland L. , Thireau J. , Torrente AG. , Bechard E. , Bride J. , Jopling C. , Demion M. , Le Guennec J-Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of zebrafish to explore cardiac physiology has been widely adopted within the scientific community. Whether this animal model can be used to determine drug cardiac toxicity via electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, is still an ongoing question. Several reports indicate that the recording configuration severely affects the ECG waveforms and its derived-parameters, emphasizing the need for improved characterization.MethodsECGs were recorded from adult zebrafish hearts in 3 different configurations (unexposed heart, exposed heart and extracted heart) to identify the most reliable method to explore ECG recordings at baseline and in response to commonly used clinical therapies.ResultsWe found that the exposed heart configuration provided the most reliable and reproducible ECG recordings of waveforms and intervals. We were unable to determine T-wave morphology in unexposed hearts. In extracted hearts, ECG intervals were lengthened and P-waves were unstable. However, in the exposed heart configuration, we were able to reliably record ECGs and subsequently establish the QT-RR relationship (Holzgrefe correction) in response to changes in heart rate.ConclusionsThe exposed heart configuration appears to be the most reliable technique to record ECGs in adult zebrafish. In this configuration, the QT-RR relationship, an important parameter in cardiac toxicity evaluation, can be determined using the Holzgrefe correction.
Emergence of time persistence in a data-driven neural network model
Authors: Wolf Sebastien , Le Goc Guillaume , Debrégeas Georges , Cocco Simona , Monasson Rémi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEstablishing accurate as well as interpretable models of network activity is an open challenge in systems neuroscience. Here we infer an energy-based model of the ARTR, a circuit that controls zebrafish swimming statistics, using functional recordings of the spontaneous activity of hundreds of neurons. Although our model is trained to reproduce the low-order statistics of the network activity at short time-scales, its simulated dynamics quantitatively captures the slowly alternating activity of the ARTR. It further reproduces the modulation of this persistent dynamics by the water temperature and visual stimulation. Mathematical analysis of the model unveils a low-dimensional landscape-based representation of the ARTR activity, where the slow network dynamics reflects Arrhenius-like barriers crossings between metastable states. Our work thus shows how data-driven models built from large neural populations recordings can be reduced to low-dimensional functional models in order to reveal the fundamental mechanisms controlling the collective neuronal dynamics.
Corticospinal suppression underlying intact movement preparation fades in late Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wilhelm Emmanuelle , Quoilin Caroline , Derosiere Gerard , Paço Susana , Jeanjean Anne , Duque Julie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Parkinson’s disease, neurophysiological abnormalities within the primary motor cortex have been shown to contribute to cardinal symptoms such as bradykinesia, but the exact modalities are still uncertain. Here, we propose that such impairment could involve alterations of mechanisms shaping motor activity specifically during voluntary movement preparation. Indeed, several past studies in healthy populations have suggested that a strong suppression of corticospinal excitability called “preparatory suppression” – propels movement execution by increasing motor neural gain. Thus, we hypothesized that a gradual alteration to this mechanism may contribute to progressive motor slowness in Parkinson’s disease. We also predicted a benefit of dopamine medication in restoring correct motor neural activity during action preparation.To test these hypotheses, we investigated preparatory suppression on two consecutive days in 29 Parkinson’s disease patients (ON and OFF medication) and 29 matched healthy controls. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over both primary motor cortices, eliciting concurrent motor-evoked potentials in the two hands, while subjects were either at rest or prepared a left- or right-hand response in an instructed-delay choice reaction time task. Preparatory suppression was assessed by expressing the amplitude of motor potentials evoked during movement preparation relative to those obtained at rest. These neurophysiological measures were cross-analysed with task behaviour and clinical data.Contrary to healthy controls, Parkinson’s disease patients showed a lack of preparatory suppression, which appeared to depend on disease progression, but not on dopamine medication. Indeed, in relatively early disease stages, patients still exhibited partial preparatory suppression, while in later stages, they lacked it completely and even exhibited a tendency for corticospinal facilitation in the hand selected for movement execution. As expected, patients also showed increasing motor handicap with disease progression as well as a decreased movement velocity during the task, but such findings did not directly correlate with levels of preparatory suppression in our cohort. While dopamine medication had no effect on the latter, it did however globally reduce raw corticospinal excitability in the dominant hand.Taken together, our results are in line with the idea that a lack of corticospinal suppression during movement preparation in Parkinson’s disease slows down response execution and illustrate the importance of considering disease stages in such investigations; they also suggest differential roles of dopamine in shaping corticospinal output in those patients. Our findings thus support the use of task-related functional markers such as preparatory suppression in future studies on motor impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
Effectiveness of a Text Message Intervention Promoting Seat Belt Use Among Targeted Young Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Suffoletto Brian , Pacella-LaBarabara Maria L. , Huber James , Bocage Claire , Delgado M. Kit , McDonald Catherine 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSeat belt use is an effective way to reduce the morbidity and mortality of motor vehicle crashes. However, 1 in 10 adults do not always wear a seat belt, with the lowest use rates of seat belt use among young adults. Digital behavioral interventions could be useful to increase seat belt use, but remain under-developed. This randomized clinical trial tested the efficacy of a 6-week behavioral text message program promoting seat belt use among young adults.MethodsA parallel, 2-group, single-blind, individually randomized clinical trial. Eligible individuals recruited from 4 Emergency Departments were aged 18 to 25 years who reported driving or being a passenger without always using a seat belt in the past 2-weeks. Two hundred eighteen participants completed the 2-week trial run-in phase were randomly assigned 1:1 to intervention: self-monitoring control. The intervention arm (n = 110) received SaVE, a 6-week automated interactive text message program including weekly seat belt use queries with feedback and goal support to promote consistent use of a seat belt. The control arm (n = 108) received identical weekly seat belt use queries but no additional feedback. The primary and secondary outcomes were the proportion of young adults reporting always wearing a seat belt at 6- and 12-weeks, collected via web-based self-assessments and analyzed under intent-to-treat models.ResultsThe mean (SD) age was 21.5 (2.2) years, 137 (63%) were female, 110 (50%) were White, and 33 (15%) were Hispanic. The 6-week follow-up rate was 86.2% (n = 187), with no differential attrition. At 6-weeks, 39.1% (95% CI, 30.0%-48.9%) of intervention participants always wore a seat belt vs. 23.1% (95% CI, 15.6%-32.2%) of control participants (odds ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.18-3.84; P = .01). The 12-week follow-up rate was 64.2% (n = 140), with no differential attrition. At 12 weeks, 42.7% (95% CI, 15.6%-32.2%) of intervention participants always wore a seatbelt vs. 32.3% (95% CI, 20.6%-44.0%) of control participants (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.67-2.31; P=.48).ConclusionsResults of this randomized clinical trial demonstrated that an interactive text message intervention using goal support was more effective at promoting seat belt use among targeted young adults than self-monitoring at 6-weeks. These findings, if replicated, suggest a scalable approach to help improve seat belt use and reduce crash-related morbidity and mortality.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03833713
Evaluating the Association and Predictability of Complex Medication Regimen Scores with Clinical Outcomes Among the Critically Ill
Authors: Al-Mamun Mohamamd , Strock Jacob , Sharker Yushuf , Schmidt Rebecca , Shawwa Khaled , Slain Douglas , Sakhuja Ankit , Brothers Todd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionMedication Regimen Complexity (MRC) refers to the combination of medication classes, dosages, and frequencies. The relationship between MRC and clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) has not been examined. The objective of this study is to examine the association between MRC scoring tools and their utility in predicting clinical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study that includes 322 adult patients admitted and stayed (>24 hours) to the ICU between February 1, 2020, and August 30, 2020 in a community-based, teaching hospital in Rhode Island. Medication complexity was assessed using two MRC scoring tools: MRC Index (MRCI) and the MRC in ICU (MRCICU). We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify the association between MRC scores and clinical outcomes and to predict the clinical outcomes.RESULTSAmong the 317 patients included in the study (55.2% men with a median age of 62 [IQR: 51-75] years). Higher MRC scores (i.e., > 63 MRCI or > 6 MRCICU) were associated with increased mortality (14% and 15%), longer ICU length of stay (LOS)(30% and 34%), and need for MV (24% and 28%). MRCICU scores at 24 hours were found to be a significant risk factor in all clinical outcomes (ICU mortality, LOS, and MV) with Odds Ratio (ORs) of 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06-1.19), 1.17 (1.1-1.24), and 1.21 (1.14-1.29), respectively. In the prediction models, both MRCI and MRCICU models performed similarly (AUC: 0.88 [0.75-0.97] and 0.88 [0.76-0.97] in predicting mortality. The Medication Model included 15 medication classes outperformed others (AUC: 0.82 [0.71-0.93] in predicting ICU LOS and the MRCICU model outperformed others (AUC: 0.87 [0.77-0.96]) in predicting the need for MV.CONCLUSIONMRC scores are associated with poorer clinical outcomes and improves the prediction of poorer clinical outcomes which will support clinicians to prescribe safer therapies.
RISK STRATIFICATION OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 DISEASE THROUGH THE USE OF CLINICAL SCORES IN AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. A review of the literature
Authors: Zanella Simone , Alena Mancosu , Anna Brugnolli , Alessandro Carrara , Anita Bevilacqua , Elisa Marinelli , Nicola Ricci , Buccelletti Francesco 
Published: February 2022

DISCLAIMER STATEMENTThe authors have withdrawn the manuscript because there are some errors in the Area Under the Curve values regarding to intensive care unit admission and mortality for some scores analyzed. The article must be revised in its conclusions in order to affirm that NEWS and NEWS2 are the best clinical scores to be used in Emergency to evaluate patients with Covid-19 disease.Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for one project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
VE607 Stabilizes SARS-CoV-2 Spike In the “RBD-up” Conformation and Inhibits Viral Entry
Authors: Ding Shilei , Gong Shang Yu , Grover Jonathan , Mohammadi Mohammadjavad , Chen Yaozong , Vézina Dani , Beaudoin-Bussières Guillaume , Verma Vijay Tailor , Goyette Guillaume , Richard Jonathan , Yang Derek , Smith Amos B. , Pazgier Marzena , Côté Marceline , Abrams Cameron , Mothes Walther , Finzi Andrés , Baron Christian 
Published: February 2022

SummarySARS-CoV-2 infection of host cells starts by binding of the Spike glycoprotein (S) to the ACE2 receptor. The S-ACE2 interaction is a potential target for therapies against COVID-19 as demonstrated by the development of immunotherapies blocking this interaction. Here, we present the commercially available VE607, comprised of three stereoisomers, that was originally described as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-1. We show that VE607 specifically inhibits infection of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 S-expressing pseudoviral particles as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2. VE607 stabilizes the receptor binding domain (RBD) in its “up” conformation. In silico docking and mutational analysis map the VE607 binding site at the RBD-ACE2 interface. The IC50 values are in the low micromolar range for pseudoparticles derived from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan/D614G as well as from variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron), suggesting that VE607 has potential for the development of drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infections.