bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood vessel maturation in a 3‐dimensional spheroidal coculture model: direct contact with smooth muscle cells regulates endothelial cell quiescence and abrogates VEGF responsiveness
Authors: KORFF THOMAS , KIMMINA SARAH , MARTINY‐BARON GEORG , AUGUSTIN HELLMUT G. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTParacrine interactions between endothelial cells (EC) and mural cells act as critical regulators of vessel wall assembly, vessel maturation and define a plasticity window for vascular remodeling. The present study was aimed at studying blood vessel maturation processes in a novel 3‐dimensional spheroidal coculture system of EC and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Coculture spheroids differentiate spontaneously in a calciumdependent manner to organize into a core of SMC and a surface layer of EC, thus mimicking the physiological assembly of blood vessels with surface lining EC and underlying mural cells. Coculture of EC with SMC induces a mature, quiescent EC phenotype as evidenced by 1) a significant increase in the number of junctional complexes of the EC surface layer, 2) a down‐regulation of PDGF‐B expression by cocultured EC, and 3) an increased resistance of EC to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, EC cocultured with SMC become refractory to stimulation with VEGF (lack of CD34 expression on VEGF stimulation;inability to form capillary‐like sprouts in a VEGF‐dependent manner in a 3‐dimensional in gel angiogenesis assay). In contrast, costimulation with VEGF and Ang‐2 induced sprouting angiogenesis originating from coculture spheroids consistent with a model of Ang‐2‐mediated vessel destabilization resulting in VEGF responsiveness. Ang‐2 on its own was able to stimulate endothelial cells in the absence of Ang‐1 producing SMC, inducing lateral sheet migration as well as in gel sprouting angiogenesis. Taken together, the data establish the spheroidal EC/SMC system as a powerful cell culture model to study paracrine interactions in the vessel wall and provide functional evidence for smooth muscle cell‐mediated quiescence effects on endothelial cells.—Korff, T., Kimmina, S., Martiny‐Baron, G., Augustin, H. G. Blood vessel maturation in a 3‐dimensional spheroidal coculture model: direct contact with smooth muscle cells regulates endothelial cell quiescence and abrogates VEGF responsiveness. FASEB J. 15, 447‐457 (2001)
Optimizing opportunities for oak woodland expansion into upland pastures
Authors: Murphy Thomas R. , Hanley Mick E. , Ellis Jonathan S. , Lunt Paul H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Woodland expansion is widely advocated for the mitigation of climate change and its impacts. This is supported by ambitious targets for increasing tree cover in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to aid carbon storage, flood mitigation and biodiversity provision. However, it remains unclear whether natural tree establishment can supply demand for expanded treescapes in remote, anthropogenically modified upland landscapes.

We assessed natural establishment of NW‐European native oak (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) saplings (< 12 years) in UK upland pasture systems adjacent to established ‘Atlantic’ oak woodlands on Dartmoor, SW England. We compared the extent of natural sapling colonization (abundance) into pasture sites on the moorland fringe and assessed their survival and growth throughout early life history using long‐ and short‐term grazing exclusion experiments.

Natural oak establishment typically occurred on naturally freely draining pasture slopes and at high densities (up to 1900 saplings per ha–1) within 20 m of the nearest adult congeneric. Beyond 20 m from a likely seed source, establishment was limited with no recorded establishment between 75–100 m.

The natural establishment of oak saplings in grazed pastures was specific to ontogeny with livestock exclusion only favouring the density of older recruits (8–12 years). Results suggest an age‐dependent relationship between ground cover and sapling performance; that is positive association between bare‐ground and height for 4–7 year old trees, but little effect for seedlings and younger (0–3 years) saplings.

Our scoping study highlights that with informed livestock management, there is significant opportunity for natural expansion of oak woodland into upland pastures where existing propagule sources are present (woodland edge, isolated trees). We signpost, however, that rapid expansion of oak woodland into UK uplands for climate mitigation is likely to require targeted planting and temporary grazing cessation, and there is need for improved evaluation of the effects of grazer exclosure and ontogeny specific ecology to better facilitate native woodland expansion efforts.
A MOF‐Derivative Decorated Hierarchical Porous Host Enabling Ultrahigh Rates and Superior Long‐Term Cycling of Dendrite‐Free Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Xue Pan , Guo Can , Li Li , Li Hongpeng , Luo Dan , Tan Lichao , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAqueous Zn metal batteries have attracted much attention due to their high intrinsic capacity, high safety, and low cost. Nevertheless, uncontrollable dendrite growth and adverse side reactions of Zn anodes seriously hinder their further application. Herein, a three‐dimensional (3D) porous graphene‐carbon nanotubes scaffold decorated with metal–organic framework derived ZnO/C nanoparticles (3D‐ZGC) is fabricated as the host for dendrite‐free Zn‐metal composite anodes. The zincophilic ZnO/C nanoparticles act as preferred deposition sites with low nucleation barriers to induce homogeneous Zn deposition. The mechanically robust 3D scaffold with high conductivity not only suppresses the formation of dendritic Zn by reducing the local current density and homogenizing Zn2+ ion flux, but also inhibits volume changes during the long‐term plating/stripping process. As a result, the 3D‐ZGC composite anodes afford unprecedented Zn plating‐stripping stability at an ultrahigh current density of 20 mA cm‐2 for 1500 cycles with low overpotential (<65 mV) when used in a symmetric cell. When coupled with MnO2 cathodes, the assembled Zn@3D‐ZGC//MnO2 full batteries deliver an enhanced cycling stability for up to 6000 cycles at 2000 mA g‐1, demonstrating the potential of the 3D‐ZGC composite anode for advanced Zn metal batteries.
Thermoresponsive, Pyrrolidone‐Based Antifouling Polymer Brushes
Authors: Teunissen Lucas W. , Kuzmyn Andriy R. , Ruggeri Francesco S. , Smulders Maarten M. J. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCommonly, modification of surfaces with thermoresponsive polymers is performed using poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAM)). However, integration of poly(NIPAM) with a second polymer to obtain more complex copolymer structures has proven challenging due to inherently poorly controllable polymerization characteristics of acrylamides. In this study, (N‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl)pyrrolidone (NMEP) is synthesized and polymerized under controlled conditions from silicon oxide substrates via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) to produce thermoresponsive poly(NMEP) brushes. The livingness of the brushes is demonstrated by reinitiation of poly(NMEP) brushes using oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate to obtain diblock copolymer brushes. Following extensive characterization, the reversible thermoresponsive behavior of these poly(NMEP) brushes is demonstrated using phase‐controlled AFM topography measurements in an aqueous liquid environment. These measurements indicate that at 27 °C the poly(NMEP) brushes are solvated and extend away from the surface, whereas at 60 °C the polymers are insoluble and reside in a collapsed conformation. Finally, to investigate the potential applicability of poly(NMEP) brushes in biomedical devices, the antifouling properties of the coating are tested in aqueous media containing BSA, fibrinogen, or 10% diluted human serum using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM‐D). These measurements reveal very good antifouling properties, even when exposed to 10% diluted human serum.
Pulsed‐Laser‐Deposition Fabricated ZnIn2S4 Photodetectors with Excellent ON/OFF Switching Characteristics toward High‐Temperature‐Resistant Photodetection Applications
Authors: Ye Qiaojue , Lu Jianting , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Huang Wenjing , Yao Jiandong , Yang Guowei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe extensively explored unary and binary 2D layered materials (2DLMs) based photodetectors suffer from deficiencies of either poor stability, or indistinctive photoswitching, or poor scalability, or low durability to high‐temperature environment. Herein, a two‐step scenario, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) followed by post‐deposition annealing, is developed to produce centimeter‐scale 2D ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) nanofilms. Transport characterizations indicate that the as‐fabricated ZIS photodetectors manifest outstanding photosensitivity with an on/off switching ratio beyond 1000 upon 405 nm illumination. Beyond this, it is revealed that the photoresponse of the ZIS photodetectors increases with increasing channel thickness, where a responsivity of 1.4 A W−1, an external quantum efficiency of 430% and a detectivity of 9.8 × 109 Jones (1 Jones = 1 cm Hz1/2 W–1) are demonstrated with a pulse number of 10 000. In addition, these devices without encapsulation maintain stable within 1900 photoswitching cycles and over a one‐month storage in air. Furthermore, robust photoswitching is demonstrated under an operating temperature up to 150 °C. In summary, all these findings establish that PLD provides a powerful route to produce large‐scale multielement 2DLMs and the PLD‐derived ZIS photodetectors hold grand prospect for photoelectric technologies in specific high‐temperature environments (e.g., the lunar exploration program).
Evaluating optimum seeding distances from subsurface banding poultry litter in crop rotations
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Nieman C. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPoultry litter is a nutrient‐dense fertilizer, but surface applications lead to nutrient losses to air, soil, and water. Objectives were to evaluate optimum subsurface‐applied poultry litter bands from crop seeding distance in a corn (Zea Mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Soil amendment treatments included planting 13, 25, and 38 cm from subsurface‐banded poultry litter, surface‐applied poultry litter, inorganic nitrogen (N), and 0 kg N ha−1 (control) in Year 1, followed by soybean in Year 2 (no new soil amendment applications). Across subsurface treatments, corn grain and silage yields were 45 and 30% greater compared with surface applications, respectively, with inorganic N not differing from 25‐ and 38‐cm bands during grain harvest. In Year 2, subsurface‐banded soybean grain yields were 26% greater than with inorganic N. Consequently, subsurface banding poultry litter may be an ecologically and agronomicallyviable replacement for surface litter applications in corn silage and grain systems and inorganic N in corn–soybean rotations.
Response of black cumin to vermicompost and nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Wako Fikadu‐Lebeta , Aga Mosisa‐Chewaka , Negeri Geremew‐Taye 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) to vermicompost and nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates. Four rates of vermicompost and four rates of N were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer and vermicompost rates significantly influenced black cumin growth, yield, and yield component parameters. The maximum seed yield (1,090 kg ha–1) was obtained from the combined application of 5 Mg ha–1 vermicompost and 60 kg ha–1 urea‐N. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of these treatments gives a better yield and yield components of black cumin in the study area.
The intervention on aging system: A classification model, the requirement for five novel categories
Authors: Palmer Raymond D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAging is widely considered an immovable fact of life. Cultural conditioning has ensured that therapeutics for extreme human lifespans are considered out of reach technologies. However, longevity therapies such as stem cell replacement, fasting, gene therapies, fasting mimetics such as metformin and rapamycin, regulation and tissue reprogramming with OSK transcription factors, blood dilution, metabolic pathway engineering, reversal of epigenetic drift, heterochronic parabiosis, coenzyme replacement technologies (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and a plethora of other established sciences are showing great potential at slowing down the rate at which tissues enter dysfunction. Recent discoveries have shed light on major mysteries of the aging process. Longevity‐based discoveries are not only landing quickly, but therapies to prevent or reverse those drivers of aging are also being devised regularly and this is opening up an entirely new industry, the longevity industry. This presents the requirement for a new classification system where subjects can be divided into specific groups based on their potential for mortality. This system also enables the public to target which class of this classification system they wish to be on. Moving the population on the classification system to become more disease resistant holds great benefit for society and governments as a whole.
Homotopy continuation enhanced branch and bound algorithms for strongly nonconvex mixed‐integer nonlinear optimization
Authors: Ma Yingjie , Li Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale strongly nonlinear and nonconvex mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models frequently appear in optimization‐based process synthesis, integration, intensification, and process control. However, they are usually difficult to solve by existing algorithms within acceptable time. In this study, we propose two robust homotopy continuation enhanced branch and bound (HCBB) algorithms (denoted as HCBB‐FP and HCBB‐RB) where the homotopy continuation method is employed to gradually approach the optimum of the NLP subproblem at a node from the solution at its parent node. A variable step length is adapted to effectively balance feasibility and computational efficiency. The computational results from solving four existing process synthesis problems demonstrate that the proposed HCBB algorithms can find the same optimal solution from different initial points, while the existing MINLP algorithms fail or find much worse solutions. In addition, HCBB‐RB is superior to HCBB‐FP due to much lower computational effort required for the same locally optimal solution.
Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]‐pyran Derivatives containing Indole catalyzed by BF3 ⋅ Et2O
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Tang Senling , Yang Chunmei , Cheng Yongjie , Xiang Ling , Shao Huawu , Ma Xiaofeng , Zhang Fan , Jiao Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA method for the effective and rapid synthesis of perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]‐pyran from 1,2‐cyclopropane sugar and indole is described. New scaffolds were rapidly constructed within 10 minutes in the presence of BF3 ⋅ Et2O. Novel 2,2‐di‐substituted perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]‐pyran products containing various indoles were obtained in medium to excellent yields.
Proton‐Promoted Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aliphatic Ketoacids
Authors: Deng Chen‐Qiang , Liu Jiao , Luo Jia‐Hao , Gan Li‐Jin , Deng Jin , Fu Yao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA robust and highly active homogeneous chiral nickel–phosphine complex for the asymmetric hydrogenation of aliphatic γ‐ and δ‐ketoacids has been discovered. The hydrogenation could proceed smoothly in the presence of 0.0133 mol% catalyst loading (S/C=7500). The coordination chemistry and catalytic behavior of Ni(OTf)2with (S,S)‐Ph‐BPE were explored by1H NMR and HRMS. The mechanistic studies revealed that a proton promoted the activation of the substrate C=O bond and controlled the stereoselectivity through hydrogen bonds. A series of chiral γ‐ and δ‐alkyl substituted lactones were obtained in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % yield and 99 % ee). In addition, this catalytic system also demonstrated that levulinic acid produced from a biomass feedstock was converted into chiral γ‐valerolactone without loss of ee value.
Hydrocarbon Macrocycle Conformer Ensembles and 13C‐NMR Spectra
Authors: Bohle Fabian , Grimme Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNMR as a routine analytical method provides important three‐dimensional structure information of compounds in solution. Here we apply the recently released CRENSO computational workflow for the automated generation of conformer ensembles to the quantum mechanical calculation of 13C‐NMR spectra of a series of flexible cycloalkanes up to C20H40. We evaluate the computed chemical shifts in comparison with corresponding experimental data in chloroform. It is shown that accurate and properly averaged theoretical NMR data can be obtained in about a day of computation time on a standard workstation computer. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment enables one to deduce preferred conformations of large, non‐rigid macrocycles under ambient conditions from our automated procedure.
Unraveling Charge‐Separation Mechanisms in Photocatalyst Particles by Spatially Resolved Surface Photovoltage Techniques
Authors: Chen Ruotian , Fan Fengtao , Li Can 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe photocatalytic conversion of solar energy offers a potential route to renewable energy, and its efficiency relies on effective charge separation in nanostructured photocatalysts. Understanding the charge‐separation mechanism is key to improving the photocatalytic performance and this has now been enabled by advances in the spatially resolved surface photovoltage (SRSPV) method. In this Review we highlight progress made by SRSPV in mapping charge distributions at the nanoscale and determining the driving forces of charge separation in heterogeneous photocatalyst particles. We discuss how charge separation arising from a built‐in electric field, diffusion, and trapping can be exploited and optimized through photocatalyst design. We also highlight the importance of asymmetric engineering of photocatalysts for effective charge separation. Finally, we provide an outlook on further opportunities that arise from leveraging these insights to guide the rational design of photocatalysts and advance the imaging technique to expand the knowledge of charge separation.
Vibrational spectroscopy, electrical, and thermal properties of [N (CH3)4][N(C2H5)4]CoCl4 compound
Authors: Drissi Nidhal , Dakhlaoui Imen , Karoui Karim , Zaghrioui Mustapha , Jomni Fathi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract[N (CH3)4][N(C2H5)4]CoCl4 new hybrid compound was synthesized by slow evaporation at room temperature. The X‐ray powder diffraction indicates that this material has an orthorhombic structure with P212121 space group. Two endothermic peaks at T1 = 293 K and T2 = 387 K are observed by differential scanning calorimetric. The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity as function of temperature shows the ferroelectric phase below T = 288 K. The Nyquist diagrams are simulated based on the equivalent circuit chosen by the Z‐View‐software and show the contribution of the grain and electrodes effect. Raman spectroscopy study at room temperature confirms the composition of the synthesized compound. Furthermore, the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition T1 is demonstrated by temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopic studies.
Surface modification of graphite by low‐temperature oxygen plasma and SnO2FeO(OH) coatings for lithium storage
Authors: Lei Jianfi , Yang Wenwen , Zhang Liya , Peng Shuge , Wu Zhengzheng , Wang Yuru , Zhao Lingzhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGraphite powders are exfoliated by Li+/Na+ co‐intercalation to obtain exfoliated graphite, and then the surfaces are modified with oxygen‐containing functional groups by oxygen plasma etching to alter the chemical properties of surface. For advanced graphite anodes of lithium ions batteries, here fine‐structured SnO2FeO(OH) coatings are constructed on the oxidated surfaces of graphite by an electrostatic adsorption method. Electrochemical tests show that surface modified graphite has higher capacity and better rate performance than pristine graphite, and the specific discharge capacity is reached to 400 mAh g−1 at a current of 37.2 mA g−1 (0.1C), which is increased by 27.8% compared with the pristine graphite anode.
Aptamer‐Based Screen of Neuropsychiatric Lupus Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Potential Biomarkers That Overlap With the Choroid Plexus Transcriptome
Authors: Vanarsa Kamala , Sasidharan Prashanth , Duran Valeria , Gokaraju Sirisha , Nidhi Malavika , Titus Anto Sam Crosslee Louis Sam , Soomro Sanam , Stock Ariel D. , Der Evan , Putterman Chaim , Greenberg Benjamin , Mok Chi Chiu , Hanly John G. , Mohan Chandra 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveAs no gold‐standard diagnostic test exists for neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE), we undertook this study to execute a broad screen of NPSLE cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using an aptamer‐based platform.MethodsCSF was obtained from NPSLE patients and subjected to proteomic assay using the aptamer‐based screen. Potential biomarkers were identified and validated in independent NPSLE cohorts in comparison to other neurologic diseases.ResultsForty proteins out of the 1,129 screened were found to be elevated in NPSLE CSF. Based on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay validation, CSF levels of angiostatin, α2‐macroglobulin, DAN, fibronectin, hepatocellular carcinoma clone 1, IgM, lipocalin 2, macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), and serine protease inhibitor G1 were significantly elevated in a predominantly White NPSLE cohort (n = 24), compared to patients with other neurologic diseases (n = 54), with CSF IgM (area under the curve [AUC] 0.95) and M‐CSF (AUC 0.91) being the most discriminatory proteins. In a second Hong Kong–based NPSLE cohort, CSF IgM (AUC 0.78) and lipocalin 2 (AUC 0.85) were the most discriminatory proteins. Several CSF proteins exhibited high diagnostic specificity for NPSLE in both cohorts. Elevated CSF complement C3 was associated with an acute confusional state. Eleven molecules elevated in NPSLE CSF exhibited concordant elevation in the choroid plexus, suggesting shared origins.ConclusionLipocalin 2, M‐CSF, IgM, and complement C3 emerge as promising CSF biomarkers of NPSLE with diagnostic potential.
When politicians and the experts collide: Organization and the creation of information spheres
Authors: Riley Franklin , Allen David K. , Wilson Thomas Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper explores collaborative information behavior in the context of highly politicized decision making. It draws upon a qualitative case study of project management of a contentious public sector infrastructure project. We noted the creation of spaces for the development and exchange of information by experts and conceptualize these as information spheres. We postulate that these were formed to bypass power‐induced information behavior that excludes expert power, such as information avoidance. This approach contrasts with the expected project management and information norms, rules and behavior, however, provides a language that can be used to explain the phenomena of bounded information spaces which complement and may be used as a development of adjunct to small world's theory.