bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altitude ortométrica-normal, altitude ortométrica e suas diferenças na região centro-oeste do Brasil: Estudo de caso
Authors: Santos Junior Roosevelt de Lara 
Published: May 2022

O Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), no uso de suas atribuições geodésicas, adotou em 2018 como referência altimétrica do Brasil o quasegeoide e a relacionada altitude ortométrica-normal. A nova superfície de referência é determinada através do uso dos números geopotenciais calculados a partir das redes altimétrica e gravimétrica de precisão. O novo sistema altimétrico substitui o antigo sistema referido ao geoide e a respectiva altitude ortométrica. O presente estudo consiste na aplicação de uma metodologia concisa e simples ao usuário do Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro (SGB), através do uso exclusivo das informações disponíveis no Banco de Dados Geodésicos (BDG) do IBGE, que possibilite ao mesmo estimar as diferenças numéricas entre altitudes ortométricas-normais e altitudes ortométricas, ou seja, determinar numericamente a separação geoide-quasegeoide (SGQ), analisar e projetar as necessidades de adaptação do referencial altimétrico antigo, o geoide, para o referencial altimétrico atual, o quasegeoide, em uma dada região geográfica, no caso abordado neste trabalho, a área abrangida pela região centro-oeste do Brasil. O resultado alcançado é promissor, pois, confirma os dados de ajustamento da rede altimétrica de precisão (REALT) do SGB realizados pelo IBGE.
Why Are We Waiting?
Authors: Stern Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

An urgent case for climate change action that forcefully sets out, in economic, ethical, and political terms, the dangers of delay and the benefits of action.
The risks of climate change are potentially immense. The benefits of taking action are also clear: we can see that economic development, reduced emissions, and creative adaptation go hand in hand. A committed and strong low-carbon transition could trigger a new wave of economic and technological transformation and investment, a new era of global and sustainable prosperity. Why, then, are we waiting? In this book, Nicholas Stern explains why, notwithstanding the great attractions of a new path, it has been so difficult to tackle climate change effectively. He makes a compelling case for climate action now and sets out the forms that action should take.
Stern argues that the risks and costs of climate change are worse than estimated in the landmark Stern Review in 2006—and far worse than implied by standard economic models. He reminds us that we have a choice. We can rely on past technologies, methods, and institutions—or we can embrace change, innovation, and international collaboration. The first might bring us some short-term growth but would lead eventually to chaos, conflict, and destruction. The second could bring about better lives for all and growth that is sustainable over the long term, and help win the battle against worldwide poverty. The science warns of the dangers of neglect; the economics and technology show what we can do and the great benefits that will follow; an examination of the ethics points strongly to a moral imperative for action. Why are we waiting?
Cross Sectional Study on Awareness About Eye Banking in Moradabad (India)
Authors: Chaudhary Archana , Paul Maitri , Khurana Ashi , Chauhan Lokesh 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
There has been a shortage of transplantable corneal tissue in developing countries. Assessing awareness about eye banking would help us in making effective strategies to overcome this.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a standard pretested closed-ended structured questionnaire. Survey interview was conducted by an independent trained interviewer. Questionnaire had eighteen questions to assess awareness (6 questions), knowledge (6 questions) and process (6 questions) of eye donation.

Results:
A total of 396 individuals of more than 18 years participated in this survey. A total of 269 (67.9%) participants were aware that eyes can be donated and 156 (39.4%) participants agreed to donate their eyes after their death. Of all, 251 (63.4%) were aware that family consent is needed for eye donation and 172 (43.4%) participants thought that one needs to come to an eye hospital for eye donation. Only 82 (20.7%) participants know an eye bank facility in their nearby area. Of all, 86 (21.7%) participants believed that eyes can be donated by a living person and 24 (6.1%) believed that they need to pay for eye donation.

Conclusion:
Majority of participants know that eyes can be donated. However a low percentage of them agreed to donate their eyes after death. Awareness was low in terms of knowledge and process of eye banking. To increase awareness, innovative community based strategies to be implemented in the study area which ultimately increase cornea retrieval.
Effects Of Long-Term Use of Topical Antiglaucoma Drugs on Ocular Surface: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Richhariya Aparajita , Sahai Anshu , Shamshad Mohammad Abid , Kumar Pukhrambam Ratan , Ansari Maryem 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease and a major risk factor for blindness. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of topical antiglaucoma drugs on ocular surface.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study, which included patients with glaucoma who had been taking one/two/three topical drugs (minimum 3 months) and control group of newly diagnosed glaucoma (10 months). The patients were divided into test groups A1 (timolol 0.5%/ briminodine 0.1%/ bimatoprost 0.01%), A2 (dual combination of any of the above drugs), A3 (triple combination) and control. Schirmer-I, tear film breakup time (TBUT), rose bengal, conjunctival impression cytology and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 164 patients were enrolled and divided into groups A1, A2, A3 and control, respectively. There was a significant difference in Schirmer’s test (mm) results between the groups (15.06, 13.77, 11.24 and 21.26 in A1, A2, A3 and control, respectively; p<0.001). The mean TBUT (seconds) was 9.84, 8.25, 5.29 and 12.33 in A1, A2, A3 in control group, respectively (p<0.001 timolol 0.5% plus briminodine 0.1% plus bimatoprost 0.01%). Abnormal rose bengal was higher in A2 and A3 than A1 (3.94, 5.92 and 2.55, respectively; p<0.001). The mean conjunctival impression cytology grades were more severe in subgroups A1 (1.83), A2 (1.70) and A3 (2.74) than control group (0.96). The mean OSDI scores were significantly (p<0.001) higher in A2 (34.62) and A3 (49.63) than A1 (25.93).

Conclusion:
Topical antiglaucoma drugs caused OSD on long term use. The severity of OSD was higher in multiple drug combinations in comparison to single drug.
New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery
Authors: Bologheanu Razvan , Bilir Aylin , Kapral Lorenz , Gruber Felix , Kimberger Oliver 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceNew persistent opioid use after surgery is contributing to the opioid crisis affecting the US, and interventions to limit postoperative opioid prescriptions have been proposed to mitigate the opioid-related health care burden. Limited information is available regarding the incidence of new persistent use after surgery in other countries.ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of new persistent opioid use and to evaluate factors associated with its risk after surgery in Austria.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study used administrative data from the national Austrian social insurance database for adult patients undergoing surgery between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021. Exclusion criteria were incomplete exposure or outcome data, early postoperative death, and ongoing opioid use at the time of surgery. Data were analyzed from September 2023 to August 2024.ExposuresGeneral, gynecological, urological, orthopedic, and cardiac surgery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary study outcome was the incidence of new persistent opioid use up to 6 months after surgery in the Austrian population; the factors associated with use, including patient factors and surgical procedures, were analyzed. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the primary outcome and the independent variables after controlling for multicollinearity.ResultsAmong 559 096 patients undergoing 642 857 surgical procedures (median [IQR] age, 60 [48-71] years; 318 391 male patients [49.5%]), new persistent opioid use was documented in 10 810 cases (1.7%) overall, and the rates ranged from 0.3% for appendectomy (130 cases per 40 565 procedures) to 0.7% for abdominal surgery (2198 cases per 335 034 procedures) to 6.8% for spinal surgery (3495 cases per 51 348 procedures). The median (IQR) daily opioid dose in oral morphine equivalents was 7.4 (4.1-14.9) mg. Specific procedures, including spinal surgery (odds ratio [OR], 5.36; 95% CI, 5.04-5.69) and arthroplasty (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48-1.67), and patient characteristics, such as previous opioid use that was discontinued before surgery (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.93-3.19) and the frequency of previously filled opioid prescriptions (OR, 16.49; 95% CI, 13.63-19.95), were associated with new persistent opioid use.Conclusions and RelevanceIn Austria, the incidence of new persistent opioid use after surgery is lower than that in North America, but the factors associated with risk are similar. These findings suggest the need for studies comparing pain management strategies, as well as systemic and organizational factors, that contribute to the development of new persistent opioid use after surgery in North American and European health care systems, where less evidence about new persistent opioid use has been available.
Inequities in the Application of Behavioral Flags for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Edwell April , Huang Jia Xin , Bongiovanni Tasce , Pantell Matthew 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceBehavioral flags in the electronic health record (EHR) may introduce bias and perpetuate structural racism and discrimination. Descriptions of differences in the way that markers of behavioral risk are communicated will help clarify the inequities that pediatric patients and their families experience in the hospital.ObjectiveTo assess whether racially and socioeconomically marginalized pediatric patients and families are more likely than their counterparts to be assigned a behavioral flag in their EHR.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used EHR data for pediatric patients (aged &amp;lt;18 years) hospitalized from June 2012 to July 2021 across care settings at the University of California, San Francisco health care facilities, an academic quaternary care hospital system that includes 2 pediatric inpatient facilities. The analysis was completed from December 29, 2022, to November 22, 2024.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome of interest was any of the following behavioral flags placed in a patient’s EHR: witnessed substance abuse, history of inappropriate behavior, security, violent behavior, dismissal from practice, and child protective services (CPS) hold. The primary variables were patients’ race, ethnicity, insurance status, and primary language.ResultsOf 55 865 pediatric encounters (52.2% among males; median patient age at the first encounter, 3 years [IQR, 0-12 years]), 236 (0.4%) had behavioral flags. Compared with encounters among patients who identified as White, encounters among patients who identified as Black or African American were more likely to have a behavioral flag (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.07; 95% CI, 1.32-3.25). Behavioral flags were also more likely among encounters of individuals with government insurance compared with those with private insurance (IRR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.85-3.65). Black or African American patients younger than 1 year (IRR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.80-6.91) and aged 1 to 7 years (IRR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.34-6.15) had a higher likelihood of flag placement compared with their White counterparts.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found significant inequities in incidence of behavioral flags in the EHR among racially and socioeconomically marginalized pediatric patients. This finding was most pronounced for Black or African American patients younger than 8 years, suggesting that this phenomenon may be a response to Black families rather than specific patient behavior.
Sexual Harassment in Ophthalmology
Authors: Killeen Olivia J. , Ding Leona , Enyedi Laura , Sun Grace , Cabrera Michelle T. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceHigh rates of sexual harassment were reported among ophthalmologists who responded to a survey in 2018. A comparison with the rates in 2023 seems warranted following increased initiatives to combat sexual harassment.ObjectivesTo compare the rates and characteristics of sexual harassment in ophthalmology from survey respondents in 2018 and 2023 and to investigate rates of gender discrimination among the 2023 respondents.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional, observational survey study, the survey was administered anonymously using Google Forms through the Women in Ophthalmology email blast list from August 25 to September 25, 2023. Primarily female ophthalmologists or ophthalmology trainees were surveyed in the United States and Canada. The study was determined to be exempt by the University of Washington institutional review board because it involved an anonymous, low-risk survey of adults. Participants provided consent electronically.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of sexual harassment in ophthalmology, number of occurrences in the past 5 years, and gender discrimination. Rates were compared between the 2018 and 2023 surveys.ResultsOf 1051 emails sent, 692 (65.8%) were opened, and of those opened, 289 of 692 eligible participants (41.8%) responded, so that the respondents represented 289 (27.5%) of the 1051 emails sent. Among the 288 survey participants who provided gender data, there were 282 women (97.9%), 3 men (1.0%), 1 nonbinary or third gender participant (0.3%), and 2 other participants (ie, they preferred not to say or preferred to self-describe) (0.6%), with 113 (39.2%) aged 31 to 40 years. Of the 289 survey respondents in 2023, 172 (59.5%) experienced sexual harassment in ophthalmology compared with 265 of 447 (59.3%) surveyed in 2018 (difference, 0.2%; 95% CI, −7.0% to 7.5%; P = .95). Also, of the 172 respondents in 2023 who reported experiencing sexual harassment, 107 (62.2%) experienced it within the past 5 years compared with 125 of 265 respondents (47.2%) who reported experiencing it in 2018 (difference, 15.0%; 95% CI, 5.5%-24.2%; P &amp;lt; .001). In 2023, 41 of 170 respondents (24.1%) reported their most severe experience to an authority compared with 40 of 265 (15.1%) in 2018 (difference, 9.0%; 95% CI, 1.3%-16.8%; P = .02). Of 287 survey respondents in 2023, 244 (85.0%) experienced gender discrimination.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study, the rates of sexual harassment among respondents remained high 5 years after a survey on sexual harassment in ophthalmology, with higher frequency of recent experiences and continued low reporting rates. With other forms of gender discrimination also highly prevalent among respondents, these results support pursuit of validated strategies to foster a culture of zero tolerance toward harassment and discrimination.
Optimized Heterostructures by Preferred Crystal Orientation for Ultrafast Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhang Man , Wang Shunchao , Zhu Jing , Zheng Fenghua , Jiang Yongjie , Hu Sijiang , Li Yahao , Huang Youguo , Pan Qichang , Wang Hongqiang , Ou Xing , Li Qingyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAccelerating the Na+ diffusion kinetics and enhancing the structural stability in sulfide‐based anodes by structural engineering is an extremely effective strategy for improving sodium storage performance. Herein, an optimized Co9S8/MoS2 heterojunction with preferred crystal orientation is delicately designed and successfully fabricated. Distinguish from the conventional heterostructure with anisotropic distribution, the preferred crystal orientation with isotropic structure can provide a rapid Na+‐diffusion pathway and regulate Na+‐concentration to promote its uniform distribution. Furthermore, it simultaneously realizes the even dispersion of inner stress and acquire the structural stability during the discharge/charge processes. Additionally, the abundant heterointerfaces with one direction effectively improve the charge transfer and reduce the Na+‐diffusion distance, ensuring the boosted reaction kinetic. As expected, ascribing to the synergetic effect, the Co9S8/MoS2 presents excellent ultra‐high rate performance and long‐term cycling stability for sodium ion batteries. Specifically, a high capacity of 492.1 mAh g−1 is maintained over 2000 cycles at 2.0 A g−1, and an ultrahigh capacity of 504 mAh g−1 is achieved even at ultrahigh rate of 15.0 A g−1. Moreover, the assembled NVP@C//Co9S8/MoS2 full‐cell can achieve excellent cycling performance, delivering a high capacity of 318 mAh g−1 over 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1.
AKT1 Phosphorylates FDX1 to Promote Cuproptosis Resistance in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Sun Zicheng , Xu Huazhen , Lu Guanming , Yang Ciqiu , Gao Xinya , Zhang Jing , Liu Xin , Chen Yongcheng , Wang Kun , Guo Jianping , Li Jie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCuproptosis, a recently defined copper‐dependent cell death pathway, remains largely unexplored in tumor therapies, particularly in breast cancer. This study demonstrates that triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) bears a relatively elevated copper levels and exhibits resistance to cuproptosis. Mechanistically, copper activates the AKT signaling pathway, which inhibits ferredoxin‐1 (FDX1), a key regulator of cuproptosis. AKT1‐mediated FDX1 phosphorylation not only abrogates FDX1‐induced cuproptosis and aerobic respiration but also promotes glycolysis. Consequently, the combination of AKT1 inhibitors and the copper ionophores synergistically alleviate TNBC tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, the findings reveal a crucial mechanism underlying TNBC resistance to cuproptosis and suggest a potential therapeutic approach for TNBC.
Applying Ultrasound to Mechanically and Noninvasively Sensitize Prostate Tumors to TRAIL‐Mediated Apoptosis
Authors: Fabiano Abigail R. , Newman Malachy W. , Dombroski Jenna A. , Rowland Schyler J. , Knoblauch Samantha V. , Kusunose Jiro , Gibson‐Corley Katherine N. , Kaufman Benjamin G. , Ren Liqin , Caskey Charles F. , King Michael R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNon‐surgical and safe prostate cancer (PCa) therapies are in demand. Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), a cancer‐specific drug, shows preclinical efficacy but has a short circulation half‐life. This research has shown that physiological fluid shear stress activates mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs), such as Piezo1, enhancing TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Herein, noninvasive, focal ultrasound (FUS) is implemented to augment the pro‐apoptotic effects of TRAIL. Using thermally safe FUS parameters, it is observed that TRAIL sensitivity increases with higher FUS pressure in PCa cells, mediated by Piezo1. This is confirmed by examining the effects of calcium chelation, MSC inhibitors, and PIEZO knockdown. In vivo, a multi‐dose study with 10 min FUS exposure shows that 0 and 4‐h intervals between TRAIL and FUS significantly reduce tumor burden, with an increase in apoptosis evident by enhanced cleaved‐caspase 3 expression. This mechanotherapy offers a clinically translatable approach by utilizing widely available FUS technology, applicable to treat additional cancer types.
Disruption of the eEF1A1/ARID3A/PKC‐δ Complex by Neferine Inhibits Macrophage Glycolytic Reprogramming in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xie Baoping , Tian Li‐Wen , Liu Chenxu , Li Jiahua , Tian Xiaoyu , Zhang Rong , Zhang Fan , Liu Zhongqiu , Cheng Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlycolytic reprogramming of macrophages is a decisive factor in atherosclerosis (AS) plaque formation. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 (eEF1A1) plays an important role in protein synthesis, ubiquitination degradation, and nuclear translocation. However, the potential function of eEF1A1 in AS has not yet been fully understood. Here, the natural small molecule neferine (Nef), which targets eEF1A1 to suppress macrophage glycolytic reprogramming is discovered. In this work, chemical genetics and non‐modified target confirmation assays are used to confirm that eEF1A1 is a direct target of Nef. Mechanically, Nef disrupted the formation of the eEF1A1/ARID3A/PKC‐δ complex, inhibits phosphorylation of ARID3A at Thr491, and consequently prevents its nuclear translocation. Meanwhile, it is verified that ARID3A is a transcriptional regulator of enolase 2 (ENO2), an important enzyme in the glycolytic process. Nef suppresses ENO2 transcription activation by affecting ARID3A binding to the promoter region of ENO2, which results in macrophage glycolytic reprogramming inhibition and transformation of macrophages from M1 to M2. Collectively, these findings provide an attractive future direction for AS therapy by inhibiting ARID3A/ENO2‐mediated macrophage glycolytic reprogramming by targeting eEF1A1.
Expanding the Phenotypic Spectrum of HNRNPU‐Related Disorder, Documenting the First Familial Presentation and Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hodgson A. K. O. , Baxandall L. , Aiyedun D. , Li A. , Au P. Y. B. , Bain J. M. , Gillentine M. A. , Goel H. , Kline A. D. , Ricupero C. L. , Sánchez‐Carpintero R. , Seward E. P. , Sidlow R. , Wilson S. A. , Balasubramanian M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHNRNPU‐related neurodevelopmental disorder (HNRNPU‐NDD) is caused by pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in HNRNPU. With increasing accessibility to advanced genetic investigations, children presenting with developmental delay and intellectual disability will often undergo genomic testing; hence, the number of patients found to be affected by HNRNPU‐NDD is increasing. We document a cohort of 17 previously unpublished patients with HNRNPU variants, including the first familial case, building on those previously published by our group. A comprehensive literature review was performed, identifying previously published patients and phenotypes for comparison. Eighty‐four patients have been published in previous studies with pathogenic variants in HNRNPU with the following phenotypes: Global developmental delay, moderate to severe intellectual disability, early‐onset seizures, and dysmorphic features. In addition to these phenotypes previously described, we have recognized ophthalmic abnormalities, cardiac abnormalities, and short stature in our cohort. We provide information on patients with a milder phenotype, enhancing our knowledge of phenotypic variability in HNRNPU‐NDD.