bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Antidepressants With Atrial Fibrillation and Ventricular Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cao Yalin , Zhou Mingyu , Guo Huaiyun , Zhu Wengen 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSeveral published studies have disagreements on whether the use of antidepressants is associated with increased risk of arrhythmias. In this study, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the association of antidepressants with cardiac arrhythmias in patients who require antidepressants.MethodsThe PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched until December 2021 to find studies that investigated the association between antidepressant use and cardiac arrhythmias. Studies that assessed the effects of any antidepressant on arrhythmias in patients who require antidepressants compared with those who require no antidepressants were included. We used a random-effects model to pool the adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The stability of the results was examined by omitting an individual study at a time.ResultsA total of 3,396 studies were screened and 6 studies with 2,626,746 participants were finally included in this meta-analysis. When compared with no antidepressants, the use of antidepressants was significantly associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.16–1.61). However, there was no difference in the risk of ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.88–2.01) between the two studied groups. In the subgroup analysis, tricyclic antidepressants (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.89–1.41), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (RR = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.63–3.38), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–1.01) did not increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and/or sudden cardiac death.ConclusionRecently published data suggested that the use of antidepressants did not increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. Antidepressants were associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation but that still needs further confirmation.
Feasibility and Safety of Very-Low Contrast Combined Ringer's Solution in Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging
Authors: Chen Tao , Yu Huai , Ma Lijia , Fang Chao , Jia Haibo , Liu Huimin , Xu Maoen , Zhang Donghui , Yang Guang , Zhang Shuangyin , Han Jincheng , Wei Guo , Liu Yanchao , Hou Jingbo , Yu Bo 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is an important modality used in coronary intervention. However, OCT requires a high amount of contrast media, limiting its extensive application in clinical practice. This study compared OCT images of coronary lesions obtained using contrast media and very-low contrast combined Ringer's solution (VLCCR) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsThirty ACS patients with a total of 36 native lesions and stenoses from 70 to 90% were included in this study. Two kinds of flushing media (a contrast medium and VLCCR) were used in succession in a random order for OCT image pullback of each lesion. VLCCR method is using low volume contrast (4–5 ml) injected into the guiding catheter previously combination with injector infused Ringer's solution instead of pure contrast medium. The safety of procedure was evaluated by recording the patients ‘symptoms, changes of ECG, blood pressure and heart rate. OCT images were analyzed to determine the image clarity. Lumen area and diameter were also measured and the consistency between the two media was compared.ResultsOCT procedure using either contrast or VLCCR did not show any peri-procedural adverse events. There was no difference in changes of blood pressure and heart rate in both procedures, however, VLCCR procedure showed less procedure-related symptoms and ECG changes. We found that the percentage of clear image frame was equivalent between the contrast and VLCCR media (98.0 vs. 96.9%, P = 0.90). We also observed a high degree of similarity between the different lesion phenotypes of ACS for both media. There was a linear correlation of the phenotypes obtained with these two different methods, and a significant correlation was observed between measurements obtained with contrast and VLCCR without correction for the refractive index of VLCCR (correlation coefficients ranged between 0.829 and 0.948).ConclusionsOCT imaging using VLCCR for blood clearance is feasible and safe and provides similar imaging quality compared to OCT imaging obtained using radiographic contrast media for ACS patients.
A Retrospective Study of the Relationship Between the Triglyceride Glucose Index and Myocardial Revascularization for New-Onset Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Li Jiatian , Lin Yajuan , Li Han , Fan Rui , Lin Li , Wang Xinying , Jiang Yinong , Xia Yun-Long , Zhang Bo , Yang Xiaolei 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study explored the relationship between the TyG index/serum uric acid (SUA) panel and myocardial revascularization (MRT) for new-onset acute coronary syndromes (ACS).MethodsBetween January 2011 and July 2020, 13,271 new-onset ACS patients were enrolled. The logistic regression models and the odds ratios (ORs) were used to quantify the risk of TyG index/SUA and MRT. Then, interaction analyses of TyG index and SUA on MRT were applied.ResultsElevated TyG index was positively associated higher risks of MRT. However, SUA levels were negatively associated with MRT. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, the risk of MRT increased gradually among patients in Q1 of the SUA category (OR = 1.03, 1.11, and 1.28 for Q2, Q3, and Q4 of TyG index, respectively), Q2 of the SUA category (OR = 1.41, 1.68, and 2.18 for Q2, Q3, and Q4 of TyG index, respectively), Q3 of the SUA category (OR = 1.05, 1.45, and 1.45 for Q2, Q3, and Q4 of TyG index, respectively), and Q4 of the SUA category (OR = 1.20, 1.29, and 1.46 for Q2, Q3, and Q4 of TyG index, respectively). This pattern was observed in both male and female, as well as patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionPatients with a higher TyG index have a higher proportion of MRT in new-onset ACS. This result also applies to patients with different levels of SUA during new-onset ACS.
Impacts of Different Rural Settlement Expansion Patterns on Eco-Environment and Implications in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region, China
Authors: Chen Zongfeng , Li Yurui , Liu Zhengjia , Wang Jieyong , Liu Xueqi 
Published: March 2022

While the eco-environmental effects of rural settlement expansion are of great significance to rural sustainable land use, the relationship between rural settlement expansion and eco-environment under different expansion patterns is still unclear. To fill this gap, the current study used Baota district of the loess hilly and gully region as a case study area. We first investigated the spatiotemporal expansion patterns of rural settlements from 1990 to 2015 and then estimated their impacts on ecosystem services by implementing the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the global agro-ecological zones (GAEZ) model. Results showed the following: 1) edge expansion was the primary pattern of rural settlement expansion in Baota district from 1990 to 2015, and the area of edge expansion was 757.40 h m2, accounting for 71.76% of the total expansion area of rural settlements. 2) Rural settlement expansion caused 1744.60 t loss of crop yield, 40,155.78 Mg C loss of carbon storage, and a significant decline in habitat quality of water areas during 1990–2015. 3) According to the unit expansion area, the edge expansion and leapfrog expansion patterns contributed more to ecosystem services loss than the infilling expansion pattern. 4) There were gradient differences in the impacts of three expansion patterns on ecosystem services, and the impacts were gradually weakened by the increased distance. Accordingly, we concluded that the expansion of rural settlements reduced surrounding ecosystem services, especially food production service, and that the edge expansion and leapfrog expansion patterns had higher levels of stress on ecosystem services.
Tumor Microenvironment-Mediated Immune Profiles Characterized by Distinct Survival Outcome and Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Lijun , Hu Yaomin , Liu Wenwen 
Published: March 2022

Background: Numerous reports have highlighted that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely linked to survival outcome and therapeutic efficacy. However, a comprehensive investigation of the TME feature in breast cancer (BC) has not been performed.Methods: Here, we performed consensus clustering analysis based on TME cell expression profiles to construct TME pattern clusters and TME-related gene signature in BC. GSVA combined with CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms were applied to evaluate the differences in biological pathway and immune cell infiltration level, respectively. The PCA method was employed to construct TME-score to quantify the TME-mediated pattern level in individual BC patients.Results: We determined two distinct TME gene clusters among 3,738 BC samples, which exhibited distinct survival outcome and enriched biological processes. The TME features demonstrated that these two clusters corresponded to the established immune profiles: hot and cold tumor phenotypes, respectively. Based on TME-related signature genes, we constructed the TME-score and stratified BC patients into low and high TME-score groups. Patients with high TME-score exhibited favorable outcome and increased infiltration of immune cells. Further investigation revealed that high TME-score was also related with high expression of immunosuppressive molecules, decreased tumor mutation burden (TMB), and high rate of mutation in significantly mutated genes (SMGs) (e.g., PIK3CA and CDH1).Conclusion: Assessing the TME-mediated pattern level of individual BC patients will assist us in better understanding the responses of BC patients to immunotherapies and directing more effective immunotherapeutic approaches.
Association Between Endophthalmitis and the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Ting-Yi , Lai Yi-Fen , Chien Wu-Chien , Chen Yi-Hao , Sun Chien-An , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chen Jiann-Torng , Chen Ching-Long 
Published: March 2022

PurposeAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the influence of infectious insults, such as endophthalmitis, on the risk of ACS among AS patients has not been studied yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between endophthalmitis in patients with AS and the incidence of ACS.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study extracted medical records from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015. The primary outcome was the incidence of ACS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with and without Fine and Gray’s competing risk model and Kaplan–Meier survival curve were used for the analyses. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was performed for sensitivity analysis.ResultsWe identified 530 AS patients with endophthalmitis and 2,120 AS patients without endophthalmitis for comparison. The incidence rate of endophthalmitis in our study population was 2.66%. The overall incidence rate of ACS was 1,595.96 per 100,000 person-years in AS patients with endophthalmitis and 953.96 per 100,000 person-years in AS patients without endophthalmitis (adjusted HR = 1.787; 95% CI: 1.594–2.104, p &lt; 0.001). In comparison to those without comorbidities, higher adjusted HRs were found in AS patients with endophthalmitis and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and coronary artery disease. Besides, the age ≥ 60 years revealed a high risk for ACS in AS patients with endophthalmitis.ConclusionEndophthalmitis was found to be an independent risk factor for ACS in patients with AS. Further clinical studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and status of systemic inflammation during endophthalmitis.
BET Protein Inhibition Regulates Macrophage Chromatin Accessibility and Microbiota-Dependent Colitis
Authors: Hoffner O’Connor Michelle , Berglind Ana , Kennedy Ng Meaghan M. , Keith Benjamin P. , Lynch Zachary J. , Schaner Matthew R. , Steinbach Erin C. , Herzog Jeremy , Trad Omar K. , Jeck William R. , Arthur Janelle C. , Simon Jeremy M. , Sartor R. Balfour , Furey Terrence S. , Sheikh Shehzad Z. 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionIn colitis, macrophage functionality is altered compared to normal homeostatic conditions. Loss of IL-10 signaling results in an inappropriate chronic inflammatory response to bacterial stimulation. It remains unknown if inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins alters usage of DNA regulatory elements responsible for driving inflammatory gene expression. We determined if the BET inhibitor, (+)-JQ1, could suppress inflammatory activation of macrophages in Il10-/- mice.MethodsWe performed ATAC-seq and RNA-seq on Il10-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cultured in the presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with and without treatment with (+)-JQ1 and evaluated changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression. Germ-free Il10-/- mice were treated with (+)-JQ1, colonized with fecal slurries and underwent histological and molecular evaluation 14-days post colonization.ResultsTreatment with (+)-JQ1 suppressed LPS-induced changes in chromatin at distal regulatory elements associated with inflammatory genes, particularly in regions that contain motifs for AP-1 and IRF transcription factors. This resulted in attenuation of inflammatory gene expression. Treatment with (+)-JQ1 in vivo resulted in a mild reduction in colitis severity as compared with vehicle-treated mice.ConclusionWe identified the mechanism of action associated with a new class of compounds that may mitigate aberrant macrophage responses to bacteria in colitis.
Temperature-Dependence Corrosion Behavior of Ti6Al4V in the Presence of HCl
Authors: Yu Fei , Addison Owen , Davenport Alison 
Published: March 2022

Ti alloys have been widely used in biomedical field due to good compatibility and corrosion resistance. However, corrosion-related failures of implanted Ti devices and prostheses have been regularly reported within the medical literature. The corrosion of Ti alloys has attracted much attention in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated using surface analysis and electrochemical tests. Corrosion of Ti6Al4V in 2 M hydrochloric acid is temperature dependent within the temperature range studied. It has found that the steady state current density at −510 mV vs. SCE (the primary passivation potential at the physiological temperature of 37°C) becomes higher with increasing temperature. The α phase of Ti6Al4V is preferentially dissolved relative to the β phase after potentiostatic measurement at primary passivation potential in 2 M HCl at 37°C. This investigation provides novel and useful information for Ti corrosion-related failures of biomedical implants and prostheses.
Longevity of Humoral Response Six Months Following BNT162b2 Vaccine in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Agur Timna , Ben-Dor Naomi , Herman-Edelstein Michal , Steinmetz Tali , Lichtenberg Shelly , Schneider Shira , Yahav Dafna , Rozen-Zvi Benaya , Zingerman Boris 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundEnd-stage kidney disease substantially increases the risk of severe COVID-19. However, despite early robust immunogenicity of the mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with hemodialysis, the longevity of humoral response in this high-risk population is still unknown.MethodsA prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the longevity of serologic response in patients with hemodialysis, compared with a control group, 6 months following the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We assessed antibody response by quantitative measurement of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein (anti-S1-RBD IgG). Study outcomes were defined as a seropositivity rate and log-transformed anti-S1-RBD IgG levels at 6 months, and the change in antibody levels between 3 and 6 months.FindingsThe cohort included 104 patients with hemodialysis and 84 controls. At a median time of 184 days (IQR, 183–188) following the second dose of the vaccine, 83/104 (79.8%) patients with hemodialysis maintained seropositivity for the anti-S1-RBD IgG level compared to 83/84 (98.8%) in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The log-transformed antibody level was significantly lower in the hemodialysis group (2.23 ± 0.39 log AU/ml vs. 2.69 ± 0.65 log AU/ml, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Older age and hypoalbuminemia were the only variables that were found to be associated with reduced log-transformed antibody levels in univariate and multivariate analysis. There was no interaction between dialysis status and an antibody-level decline rate (p = 0.972).ConclusionAmong patients with hemodialysis, a seropositivity rate and anti-S1-RBD antibody titers were substantially reduced compared with a control group, at 6 months following the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. These findings support the prioritization of patients with hemodialysis for a third “booster” dose.
Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma Complicated by Pulmonary Embolism During Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Jiang Wei , Tan Xuan-Yu , Li Jia-Ai , Dong Ming 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSpontaneous spinal epidural hematoma, without discernable underlying conditions, is considered a neurological emergency, and is rare during pregnancy.Case PresentationWe report the case of a 24-year-old patient at 37 weeks of gestation. She had back pain that progressed to paraplegia of both lower limbs within 2 days. Thoracic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion behind the spinal cord at the T5–T6 level, suggestive of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. Due to the rapid recovery of muscle strength in her lower limbs after an emergency cesarean section, we used methylprednisolone therapy to reduce spinal edema rather than decompression of the spinal canal. We incidentally found that the patient’s left pulmonary artery was occluded. In consideration of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma as relative contraindication to anticoagulation, and in the absence of pulmonary embolism symptoms, including good partial oxygen pressure, we did not administer anticoagulant therapy. The patient’s condition improved rapidly in the following week.ConclusionSpontaneous spinal epidural hematoma concomitant with pulmonary artery embolism is an extremely rare manifestation during pregnancy. As exemplified by our case, desirable treatment outcomes are possible under such cases.
A Novel Mutation in the Membrane Frizzled-Related Protein Gene for Posterior Microphthalmia, Non-pigmented Retinitis Pigmentosa, Optic Nerve Drusen, and Retinoschisis in a Consanguineous Family
Authors: Ren Xiang , Gao Yunxia , Lin Yu , Fu Xiangyu , Xiao Lirong , Wang Xiaoyue , Zeng Zhibing , Bao Li , Yan Naihong , Zhang Ming , Tang Li 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMicrophthalmos (MCO) is a rare developmental defect characterized by small malformed eyes. Our study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of posterior microphthalmos syndrome caused by a novel variant in MFRP gene in a Chinese patient.MethodsComplete ophthalmologic examinations were performed for the proband and proband's family members. Whole exon sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the mutated genes, and bioinformatic analysis was undertaken to predict the effect of this variant.ResultsClinical analysis showed that the proband had reduced axial length (17.95 and 17.98 mm) with normal-size corneas and shallow anterior chamber depth. Fundus photography showed scattered yellowish-white spots in the whole retina with cup-to-disc ratios of 0.95 in both eyes. Retinoschisis in the inner nuclear layer and reduced outer retina thickness were apparent on OCT examination, and optic nerve drusen demonstrated increased autofluorescence in fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Perimeter examination revealed a tubular visual field for the right eye, and electroretinography (ERG) revealed a moderately reduced rod response combined with compromised cone response. Ocular examinations of the patient's family members were unremarkable. WES revealed that the proband had homozygous mutations in c.55-1 (IVS1) G&gt;A in intron 1 for the MFRP gene. Both the proband's parents and offspring were confirmed to be heterozygous by Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis showed this mutation was deleterious.ConclusionWe reported autosomal recessive posterior microphthalmia, atypical retinitis pigmentosa, and retinoschisis caused by a novel mutation in the MFRP gene in this consanguineous marriage family. Our study further broadens the mutation and phenotype spectrum of the MFRP gene in microphthalmia.
A Study Protocol for Validation and Implementation of Whole-Genome and -Transcriptome Sequencing as a Comprehensive Precision Diagnostic Test in Acute Leukemias
Authors: Berglund Eva , Barbany Gisela , Orsmark-Pietras Christina , Fogelstrand Linda , Abrahamsson Jonas , Golovleva Irina , Hallböök Helene , Höglund Martin , Lazarevic Vladimir , Levin Lars-Åke , Nordlund Jessica , Norèn-Nyström Ulrika , Palle Josefine , Thangavelu Tharshini , Palmqvist Lars , Wirta Valtteri , Cavelier Lucia , Fioretos Thoas , Rosenquist Richard 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) and whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS), with the ability to provide comprehensive genomic information, have become the focal point of research interest as novel techniques that can support precision diagnostics in routine clinical care of patients with various cancer types, including hematological malignancies. This national multi-center study, led by Genomic Medicine Sweden, aims to evaluate whether combined application of WGS and WTS (WGTS) is technically feasible and can be implemented as an efficient diagnostic tool in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition to clinical impact assessment, a health-economic evaluation of such strategy will be performed.Methods and AnalysisThe study comprises four phases (i.e., retrospective, prospective, real-time validation, and follow-up) including approximately 700 adult and pediatric Swedish AML and ALL patients. Results of WGS for tumor (90×) and normal/germline (30×) samples as well as WTS for tumors only will be compared to current standard of care diagnostics. Primary study endpoints are diagnostic efficiency and improved diagnostic yield. Secondary endpoints are technical and clinical feasibility for routine implementation, clinical utility, and health-economic impact.DiscussionData from this national multi-center study will be used to evaluate clinical performance of the integrated WGTS diagnostic workflow compared with standard of care. The study will also elucidate clinical and health-economic impacts of a combined WGTS strategy when implemented in routine clinical care.Clinical Trial Registration[https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN66987142], identifier [ISRCTN66987142].