bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Damage in Metallic Plates by Ultra-Wideband Guided Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Memmolo Vittorio , Moll Jochen , Nguyen Duy Hai , Krozer Viktor , Holstein Jakob , Kapoor Rohit , Stindl Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Guided electromagnetic wave propagation using ultra-wideband signals is a barely new approach for damage detection. However, still many challenges are present, including the way to deal with the GHz domain signals and the physics behind the interaction phenomena enabled by any type of flaw. The present work proposes a feasibility analysis for a structural health monitoring system employing permanently integrated microwave sensors. This setup allows to interrogate the structure continuously using multiple transmitters and multiple receivers when the electromagnetic waveguide is established. To this end, a metallic plate is equipped with a dielectric waveguide patch attached to the structures’ surface. To validate the detectability of damage, a reversible defect is modeled through removable bolts accessible from the other surface of the plate. The experiments are carried out considering different bottom holes at different spatial locations of the plate. In addition, concurrent measurements are adopted to characterize the noise level within the signal. The characteristic changes of electromagnetic wave signals are caught using a damage index approach returning whether the defect can be detected sensitively or not. Different coupling conditions are used to let the guided electromagnetic waves propagate and interact with underlaying structure. The results show that this approach can be adopted for damage detection with a reasonable signal to noise ratio, especially when the waveguide is well coupled. In addition, both transmission and reflection loss can be monitored reliably.
Reduced False Calls in Eddy Current Images Using Signal Processing
Authors: Mahalakshmi S. B. , Seshadri Ganesh , Sheila-Vadde Aparna , Kumar KM Manoj 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Non-destructive testing methods are used largely in component manufacturing industries like Aerospace, Renewables and Power to evaluate the properties of a material or the quality of a component by inspecting for cracks and discontinuities without causing damage to the part. Among the many non-destructive testing methods, Eddy current imaging enables efficient flaw detection for surface and sub-surface cracks. However, in typical eddy current inspection, there can be significant number of false calls arising from variation in lift-off and surface anomalies. Discriminating defect signals from false calls can be very challenging. This paper describes a method to reduce false calls by using a wavelet based denoising algorithm and combining it with statistical-based features extracted inside a sliding window in the time domain to efficiently identify the cracks. The results are verified on specimens with cracks of different sizes that are oriented randomly along with locations available for baseline noise measurements.
In-Situ Laser Ultrasound Measurements of Austenitic Grain Growth in Plain Carbon Steel
Authors: Kerschbaummayr Christian , Ryzy Martin , Reitinger Bernhard , Hettich Mike , Džugan Jan , Wydra Thomas , Scherleitner Edgar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The macroscopic mechanical properties like yield-strength, ductility or hardness play an important role during the steel production and the design of new steel grades. The austenite grain size is an important parameter, which influences the final microstructure and the properties of a material. When developing grain growth evolution models, typically many samples have to be treated thermally and micrographs have to be prepared ex-situ. To reduce the time expenditure of this procedure we carried out in-situ laser ultrasound measurements of austenitic grain growth in plain carbon steel (AISI 1045). A thermomechanical simulator of the type Linseis L78/RITA has been upgraded with a laser ultrasound measurement system, which enables the continuous and contactless determination of the austenite mean grain size during a thermal cycle. In this work we will show the calibration workflow and grain size results by a new attenuation model for plain carbon steel. In-situ laser ultrasound measurement data is compared with several micrographs defined at supporting points along a specified temperature program to corroborate the findings.
Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials Tensile Strength via Nonlinear Acoustics Data
Authors: Ehrler Julian , Solodov Alexander , Bernhardt Yannick , Kreutzbruck Marc 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear acoustic approach is assessed for applications as a nondestructive tool for reconstructing stress-strain curves and quantifying the ultimate tensile strength for variety of materials. The direct algorithm uses the polynomial stress-strain expansion up to the third power of strain and the literature data on the second-order nonlinearity parameters to calculate relevant segments of the stress-strain curves. Since the third-order nonlinearity parameters are unknown for majority of materials the calculations used an iteration scheme to obtain closer approximations to the experimental data available from static tensile tests. The solution to the inverse problem identifies the range of the nonlinearity parameters for a given tensile strength and enables to categorize the contribution of the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities in mechanical response for different materials.
Coda Waves for Health Monitoring of Composites Under Low-Velocity Impact
Authors: Sharma Subal , Dayal Vinay 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Coda waves have been shown to be sensitive to lab-controlled defects such as very small holes in fibrous composite material. In the real world, damages are subtler and more irregular. The main objective of this work is to investigate coda wave capability to detect low-velocity impact damages. The emphasis is to detect the presence of barely visible impact damages using ultrasonic waves. Detection of incipient damage state is important as it will grow over the life of the structure. Differential features, previously used in similar work, have been utilized to detect realistic impact damages on carbon fiber composites. Quasi-isotropic composite laminates were subjected to low-velocity impact energy ranging from 2J to 4.5J. Two differential features reported could be used detect the presence of damage. It is also observed that ply orientation can be a deterministic factor for indicating damages. The size and shape of the impact damage has been characterized using ultrasonic C-scans. Results indicate that coda waves can be used for the detection of damage due to low-velocity impact.
Feasibility of Lead Fast Reactor Heat Exchanger Tube Online Monitoring
Authors: Glass S. W. , Good M. S. , Hirt E. H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Online structural health corrosion monitoring in advanced lead fast reactor heat exchangers and molten salt reactor heat exchangers is desirable for detecting tube degradation prior to leaks that may allow mixing of heat exchanger fluids or release of radiological contamination beyond the design containment boundary. This program demonstrates feasibility for a torsional mode sensor to attach to the outside of a long (30-m) heat-exchanger tube in the stagnant flow area where the tube joins the heat-exchanger plenum and where it is possible to protect a sensor and cable from high-force flows. The sensor must be connected by a cable to a monitoring instrument near the heat exchanger. The sensor and cable management approach will be impractical to implement on existing heat exchangers; rather, sensors must be installed in conjunction with heat exchanger fabrication. Previous work has shown the ability of low-temperature lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramic sensors to detect anomalies of interest in 3-m tubes. These sensors have subsequently been extended to a 30-m tube more representative of commercial power heat exchanger designs. The program will continue to investigate higher-temperature piezoelectric ceramics and long-term performance of high-temperature adhesives and sealants for 350 C lead reactor environments and higher-temperature (700 °C) molten salt environments.
Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019 measuring adherence to Canada’s Food Guide 2019 recommendations on healthy food choices
Authors: Brassard Didier , Elvidge Munene Lisa-Anne , St-Pierre Sylvie , Gonzalez Alejandro , Guenther Patricia M. , Jessri Mahsa , Vena Jennifer , Olstad Dana Lee , Vatanparast Hassan , Prowse Rachel , Lemieux Simone , L’Abbe Mary R. , Garriguet Didier , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. , Lamarche Benoît 
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 (HEFI-2019), which was developed to measure adherence to Canada’s Food Guide 2019 (CFG-2019) recommendations on healthy food choices. Dietary intake data from 24-hour dietary recalls in the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition were used for that purpose. Multidimensionality was examined using principal component analysis. Mean scores were compared among subgroups of the population. The association between scores and energy intake was assessed using Pearson correlations. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess reliability. The estimated mean HEFI-2019 score (/80) was 43.1 (95% CI, 42.7 to 43.6) among Canadians aged 2 years and older. The first and 99th percentiles were 22.1 and 62.9 points. The mean HEFI-2019 score for smokers was 7.2 points lower than for non-smokers (95% CI, –8.5 to –5.9). The HEFI-2019 was weakly correlated with energy intake (r = –0.13; 95% CI, –0.20 to –0.06). The principal components analysis revealed at least 4 dimensions. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.69). Evidence of construct validity and internal consistency support the use of the HEFI-2019 to assess adherence to CFG-2019’s recommendations on healthy food choices. Novelty: Examination of the HEFI-2019’s psychometric properties is needed prior to implementation. Analyses support the construct validity and internal consistency of the HEFI-2019. Interpretation of the total HEFI-2019 score must be accompanied by its components’ scores, considering it assesses multiple dimensions of food choices.
Interaction of Anisotropic Dark Energy with Generalized Hybrid Expansion Law
Authors: Alam Md Khurshid , Singh S. Surendra , Devi L. Anjana 
Published: January 2022

Interaction of dark energy in the anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type-I metric is investigated in the context of modified

f

R
,
T

theory of gravity, where

R

is the Ricci scalar and

T

is the trace of stress energy momentum tensor. We choose the particular form of the functional

f

R
,
T

=

f

1

R

+

f

2

T

; then, we find the exact solutions of the field equations by applying inhomogeneous equation of state,

p
=
ω
ρ
−
Λ

t

, and a generalized form of hybrid expansion law. The transition of deceleration to acceleration is observed in this model. It is also observed that the universe shows accelerated expansion at late epoch. The derived model overlaps with

Λ
CDM

at late time which is in agreement with present observation. Energy conditions of the derived model are also investigated. From the plot, we observe the age of universe

t

0

≈
13.821

Gyr

for the observed

H

0

≈
70.07

Kms

‐
1

Mpc

‐
1

. The physical and geometrical behaviours of these models are also discussed.
Characterization of Potassium-Induced Natriuresis in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women During Both Low and High Sodium Intake
Authors: Preston Richard A. , Afshartous David , Caizapanta Evelyn V. , Materson Barry J. , Rodco Rolando , Alonso Eileen , Alonso Alberto B. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Potassium-induced natriuresis may contribute to the beneficial effects of potassium on blood pressure but has not been well-characterized in human postmenopausal hypertension. We determined the time course and magnitude of potassium-induced natriuresis and kaliuresis compared with hydrochlorothiazide in 19 hypertensive Hispanic postmenopausal women. We also determined the modulating effects of sodium intake, sodium-sensitivity, and activity of the thiazide-sensitive NCC (sodium-chloride cotransporter).

Methods:
Sixteen-day inpatient confinement: 8 days low sodium followed by 8 days high sodium intake. During both periods, we determined sodium and potassium excretion following 35 mmol oral KCl versus 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide. We determined sodium-sensitivity as change in 24-hour systolic pressure from low to high sodium. We determined NCC activity by standard thiazide-sensitivity test.

Results:
Steady-state sodium intake was the key determinant of potassium-induced natriuresis. During low sodium intake, sodium excretion was low and did not increase following 35 mmol KCl indicating continued sodium conservation. Conversely, during high sodium intake, sodium excretion increased sharply following 35 mmol KCl to ≈37% of that produced by hydrochlorothiazide. Under both low and high sodium intake, 35 mmol potassium was mostly excreted within 5 hours, accompanied by a sodium load reflecting the steady-state sodium intake, consistent with independent regulation of sodium/potassium excretion in the human distal nephron.

Conclusions:
Potassium-induced natriuresis was not greater in sodium-sensitive versus sodium-resistant hypertensives or hypertensives with higher versus lower basal NCC activity. We studied an acute KCl challenge. It remains to further characterize potassium-induced natriuresis during chronic potassium increase and when potassium is administered a complex potassium-containing meal.
‮نصوصٌ جديدة في صناعة الحبر والمداد‬‎
Authors: ‮عيد الرواضية‬‎ ‮المهدي‬‎ 
Published: January 2022

‮المستخلص‬‎
‮تعرض هذه المقالة لنصوص تُنشر لأول مرة عن صناعة الأحبار وطريقة تركيبها باستخدام المواد الأساسية المختلفة، إضافة لبعض الوصفات المتصلة بالكتابة على المخطوط ومحو الكتابة، مما ورد في مخطوطة كتاب «التذكرة» لقطب الدين النهروالي (ت ‭٩٩٠‬هـ/ ‭١٥٨٢‬م)، وهي نماذج جيدة تُضاف إلى ما وصلنا من تركيبات الحبر وصناعته. وتهدف هذه المقالة إلى إطلاع الباحثين على الوصفات التي أوردها النهروالي، والتعريف بها وبمضمونها ومدى أصالتها وقيمتها، ومحاولة الكشف عن مصدره الذي أخذ عنه، أم أنها من مجرباته الشخصية ومما تعاطى عمله بمعرفته الذاتية؟‬‎
Democratising Participatory Research
Authors: Martinez-Vargas Carmen 
Published: January 2022

In this book Carmen Martinez-Vargas explores how academic participatory research and the way it is carried out can contribute to more, or less, social justice. Adopting theoretical and empirical approaches, and addressing multiple complex, intersectional issues, this book offers inspiration for scholars and practitioners to open up alternative pathways to social justice, viewed through a Global South lens.
Martinez-Vargas examines the colonial roots of research and emphasises the importance of problematising current practices and limitations in order to establish more just and democratic participatory research practices. Although practitioners have been challenging the Western roots of research and participatory research for decades, their goals can be compromised by pluralities and contradictions in the field. This book aims not to replicate past participatory research approaches, but to offer an innovative theoretical foundation—the Capabilities Approach—and an innovative participatory practice called ‘Democratic Capabilities Research’.
Democratising Participatory Research is not only timely and relevant in South Africa, but also in the Global North owing to the current crisis of values jeopardising the peaceful existence of diverse societies. The book gives essential recommendations for capabilities and human development scholars to reframe their perspectives and uses of the Capabilities Approach, as well as for participatory practitioners to critically reflect on their practices and their often limited conceptualisation of participation.
7. Broadening Our Participatory Evaluations
Authors: Martinez-Vargas Carmen 
Published: January 2022

Chapter Seven explores the cases of two of the twelve co-researchers through the qualitative data collected in the case study. These two cases were selected due to the students’ different levels of enjoyment in their capabilities sets when they began the project.
This chapter highlights what a capabilities analysis of DCR adds to current evaluative spaces. Its analysis is people-centred. That is, the chapter presents students’ valuable capabilities to understand how a specific participatory research project influenced them in ways they had reason to value, in terms of what and who they want to be, and how they want to lead their lives (Sen, 1999). This chapter shows international researchers how to evaluate participatory projects/DCR projects through a decolonial capabilities lens. The chapter visualises the importance of understanding co-researchers’ lives, thereby encouraging practitioners from the Global North and South to explore these capabilities not only prior to undertaking participatory projects, but also after concluding them, in order to understand the impact they have had on the research team.
Consistency evaluation of lung adenocarcinoma tissue and circulating tumor cells related gene mutation detection based on multi-site immunomagnetic beads
Authors: Xue Keying , Luo Bingqing , Li Xiaoqing , Deng Weixian , Zeng Chunyan , Zuo Cuiyun 
Published: January 2022

This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of genetic testing using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) instead of tumor tissues in lung adenocarcinoma to break through its limitation. Separation system for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Vimentin expressing CTCs was constructed and used to capture CTCs in the blood samples of 57 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Genetic mutations of genes involved in targeted therapies were detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in tissues from these patients. Blood CTC samples with the gene mutations identified by tissue-NGS were selected and corresponding gene mutations were detected by Sanger sequencing. The specificity of the CTC separation system was 95.48% and the sensitivity was 90.85%. The average number of CTCs in the blood of patients with lung adenocarcinoma was 12.47/7.5 mL. Comparison of the tissue-NGS with the CTC-Sanger sequencing showed that the consistencies of genetic mutations of EGFR ( n = 24), KRAS ( n = 9), TP53 ( n = 19), BRAF ( n = 1), ERBB2 ( n = 2), and PIK3CA ( n = 3) were 92.31%, 75.00%, 86.36%, 50.00%, 66.67%, and 75.00%, with an overall consistency of 84.06%. The CTC separation system established in this study shows high specificity and sensitivity. CTCs can be used as a suitable alternative to tumor tissues that are difficult to obtain in clinical practice and overcome the difficulties in tumor tissue collection, which is of significance in guiding clinical medication and individualized treatment with significant clinical application value in terms of genetic testing for targeted therapies in tumor treatment.
Incremental Shuttle Walk Test and Body Composition Measures: Useful Predictive Factors For Complications After Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Surgery?
Authors: Siddaiah-Subramanya Manjunath , Sinha Yashashwi , Kamarajah Sivesh K. , Ghoneim Abdulrahman , Halle-Smith James , Tan Benjamin HL 
Published: January 2022

Background: Oesophagogastric cancer resection carries a morbidity, as high as 60%. Better patient selection, not only with regards to clinical stage but also fitness, reduces morbidity, and improves outcome. Assessment of body composition measures in particular sarcopenia and the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) are 2 such tools to evaluate patients’ fitness. We investigate the usefulness of these 2 tools in predicting post-operative outcomes following oesophagogastric resection. Methods: All patients who underwent oesophagogastric cancer resection between 2017 and 2019 and consented to participate in ISWT were included in the study. Patient demographics, comorbidity profile and distance walked in ISWT were collected from an electronic database kept locally. Body composition measures were calculated using pre-operative staging CT scans. Outcomes assessed included overall complications, major complications (Clavien-Dindo III-V) and overall survival. Results: Sixty-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-nine percent of the cohort were males and the median age was 67. The majority had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (85%) and the overall complication rate was 69% with a major complication rate of 34%. There was no difference in complication rates between groups of patients who managed an ISWT distance of >350 m and ≤350 m. Multi-variate analyses showed that total fat index ( P = .041), myosteatosis (OR: 3.89; 95% CI: 1.04-16.76; P = .039) and sarcopenic obesity ( P = .028) were independent predictors of overall complications. The presence of sarcopenic obesity was associated with poorer overall survival ( P = .047). There was no correlation between skeletal muscle index and ISWT. Conclusion: ISWT does not predict post-operative morbidity following oesophagogastric cancer resection. However, sarcopenic obesity was associated with both higher overall complication rates and decreased overall survival. The assessment of body composition using CT scans is a useful pre-operative assessment tool for prediction of outcomes in patients undergoing oesophagogastric cancer resection
Site splitting at M3 in allanite-(Ce)
Authors: Shen Can , Shu Zhengxiang , Gu Xiangping , Dick Jeffrey , Feng Yuzhou , Zheng Hui , Lu Anhuai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report the crystal structure of allanite-(Ce), with composition (Ca1.0REE0.9□0.1)Σ2.0(Al1.46Fe3+0.52Fe2+0.76Mg0.12Ti0.15)Σ3.01Si3O12(OH) from the Xinfeng rare earth element (REE)-bearing granite in Guangdong Province, China. It has the unit cell a = 8.9550(4) Å, b = 5.77875(16) Å, c = 10.2053(4) Å, β = 114.929(5)° and Z = 2 in space group P21/m and is characterised by site splitting at M3 into M3a and M3b, at a distance of 0.38(3) Å, which are occupied partially by Fe0.764Mg0.12 and Ti0.15, respectively. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and refined with anisotropic full-matrix least-squares refinement on F2 to R1 = 2.82%, wR2 = 7.77% for 1856 independent reflections (8772 collected reflections). However, M3 splitting is not present in either ferriallanite-(Ce) or epidote, in which M3 is almost fully occupied either by Fe2+ or by Fe3+. Comparisons of bond lengths and volumes in cation polyhedra among allanite-(Ce), ferriallanite-(Ce) and epidote tend to indicate that the essential factor that facilitates site splitting of M3 in allanite-(Ce) is heterovalent substitution and occupation of a crystallographic site between Fe2+(Mg2+/Mn2+)–Al3+(Ti4+), a common phenomenon in minerals, such as the plagioclase series. Fine structure analysis of the M3 split model revealed that deformation of A2 is related closely to distorted M3, which is consistent with Fe2+ incorporation following REE substitution.