bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flower Production in Olive as Influenced by Various Chilling Temperature Regimes1,2
Authors: Hartmann Hudson T. , Whisler John E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Controlled low temperature chilling caused flower initiation in container-grown olive (Olea europaea L.) trees at any time of the year. Optimum inflorescence production under controlled conditions occurred after exposure for 70 to 80 days to a diurnal sine wave temperature pattern, with a 2°C minimum and a 15°C maximum. These same temperatures, but changing abruptly from one to another failed to cause inflorescence formation. A constant intermediate temperature of 12.5°C was also effective in causing flower formation, but a continuous constant low temperature (7°C), or continuously high temperatures above 15°C failed to cause infloresence formation. The cv. Ascolano produced inflorescences under a wider range of temperature patterns than did ‘Manzanillo’.
Irregular bearing behavior of olives in California's Central Valley could not be attributed to varying winter chilling patterns. There was no correlation over a 7-year period between amount of winter chilling and subsequent crop size. Sufficient chilling occurs even in warmest winters there for ample flower initiation.
Marginal Land as an Acceptor for Cannery Waste1
Authors: Noodharmcho A. , Flocker W. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In an experiment using marginal land as an acceptor for cannery waste, fresh fruit waste was deposited over the soil at rates of 0, 488, 976, and 1953 tons (metric) per ha (F.W.). After the material had dried, it was disked into the top soil. The soil was a poorly drained Willows clay that ranged from slightly to severely saline-sodic. The native vegetation was salt-tolerant annual grasses, and the land was used for dryland pasture. The plots were monitored by the Sants Clara and San Benito Counties Board of Health for odor and fly populations and were found to be acceptable, i.e. the rates of application of waste used did not seriously affect the ecology of near-by farms or cities. Considerable amounts of plant nutrients were added to the soil, but there was no contamination of soil or ground water by heavy metals. Plant yield of a winter-grown wheat crop seeded after disking increased with increases in loading rate.
Insecticides and Their Application Schedules for Control of Lawn Caterpillars (Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides Guénee and Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker) in Hawaii1
Authors: Murdoch C. L. , Mitchell W. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various insecticides and their application schedules were tested for control of lawn caterpillars on ‘Sunturf’ bermudagrass (Cynodon magennisii Hurcombe) in Hawaii. Chlorpyrifos was the outstanding material tested. Evidence was obtained to show that, if insecticide applications are timed to coincide with insect population peaks, the number of applications for adequate control can be greatly reduced.
The Effect of Vegetative Ground Cover and Ethylene Degreening on ‘Valencia’ Rind Pigments1
Authors: Eaks Irving L. , Dawson Arthur J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The influence of vegetative ground cover which lowers soil temperature was evaluated on regreening of fruit of ‘Valencia’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] orange. Carotenoid content of the rind increased to a maximum in March and then declined at each subsequent sampling. Chlorophyll content declined to a minimum in February, then increased slightly through May and increased markedly during June and July. Cartenoid content was higher and the chlorophyll content lower in the rind of fruit from the ground cover plots than in fruit from the bare-ground plots. Ethylene degreening for 5 days improved color index values of regreened ‘Valencia’ oranges; however, the color of fruit direct from the ground cover plots was superior to the color of fruit from the bare ground plots after degreening. Postharvest, regreened ‘Valencias’ showed no significant loss of chlorophyll or changes in carotenoids in air at 20°C. Exposure to ethylene caused a loss in chlorophyll, but the rate of loss was slower and the final chlorophyll levels after 8 days degreening with ethylene were relatively high compared with other citrus cultivars given similar treatment.
Temperature Control during High Humidity Propagation1
Authors: Milbocker D. C. , Wilson Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Through controlled ventilation, hot air was exhausted and ambient air was drawn in and evaporatively cooled during humidification. This process lowered the temperature to more acceptable levels and cuttings from 30 species of plants were propagated successfully. Ventilation reduced fungal growth and permitted the use of shading during exceptional warm conditions.
Genome and Karyotype Relationships in Dendrobium (Orchidaceae). III. Meiotic Behavior1
Authors: Wilfret G. J. , Takeshita T. , Kamemoto H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Meiotic behavior was examined in 33 interspecific hybrids derived from 6 sections of the genus Dendrobium Swartz. The mean number of bivalents per pollen mother cell (PMC) of intrasectional Ceratobium hybrids was 18.9 as compared to 17.5 for Phalaenanthe × Ceratobium offspring. Mean bivalents of the intersectional hybrids of Ceratobium × Eleutheroglossum, Latourea × Ceratobium, Latourea × Phalaenanthe, Phalaenanthe × Eleutheroglossum, Phalaenanthe × Eugenanthe, and Phalaenanthe × Nigrohirsutae were 14.5, 9.0, 9.6, 11.8, 6.0, and 6.4, respectively. Percent of microspore tetrads formed reflected the chromosome homology of the parental species. Cytological observations indicated that species of the Ceratobium and Phalaenanthe sections are closely related, Eleutheroglossum is more closely related to Ceratobium than Phalaenanthe, and Latourea is equally related to Ceratobium and Phalaenanthe.
Temperature and Development of Red Raspberry Flower Buds1
Authors: Vasilakakis Miltiadis D. , Struckmeyer B. Esther , Dana Malcolm N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flower bud initiation in mature overwintering canes of ‘Heritage’ red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), a primocane-fruiting cultivar, began below the last inflorescence on the current year's growth in October and was completed by the end of December. Flower buds beyond the stage of initiation were not observed in noncold treated canes. However, in cold treated canes gradual basipetal flower bud development beyond initiation was observed. In non-cold treated overwintering canes of ‘Latham’, a June-bearing cultivar, flower bud induction and initiation occurred but no further development was observed.
The Influence of Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Processing Conditions on the Quality of Applesauce from ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Drake S. R. , Nelson J. W. , Powers J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Type of storage influenced yield and quality of applesauce. The yield of applesauce from controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was significantly less than from cold stored apples. Applesauce color was superior when the sauce was made from CA stored apples. Increased cooking time reduced total sauce yield but had no effect on yield at the pulper-finisher or on the color of the sauce. The addition of acid to the applesauce improved color. Acid addition had a stronger influence on the applesauce color of cold stored apples than of CA fruit. The addition of extra water beyond 30% by weight reduced quality regardless of storage type, cook time or addition of acid.
Effect of Nutrient Stress on Elemental Concentrations and Powdery Mildew Growth with Cucumber1
Authors: Tomesh Robert J. , Struckmeyer B. Esther 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Powdery mildew susceptible ‘Chipper’ cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants grown with slight, moderate, or severe N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S stress had higher element concentrations than resistant ‘Natsufuchinari’ plants although cultivar differences were not significant. One week after host inoculation, colonies of powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum D.C.) were smaller and had fewer conidiophores on resistant than on susceptible plants. Plants grown with slight or moderate nutrient stresses usually had larger colonies and more conidiophores than either controls or severely stressed plants. N and Ca stressed plants had lower N and Ca concentrations and smaller colonies with fewer conidiophores than plants grown with other stress treatments.
The Sequence of Differentiation Leading to Flowering in ‘Burford’ Holly1
Authors: Millbocker D. C. , Wright R. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Burford’ holly (Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt. cv. Burfordii) differentiates primordia in September which were subsequently identified as flowers. The pistillate flower only partially differentiated by early winter and consisted of a pedicel, 2 bracts, 4 petals, and 4 stamens. Completion of flower differentiation and anthesis occurred in the spring.
Production Conditions As They Affect Harvest and Postharvest Characteristics of Poinsettias1
Authors: Staby George L. , Kofranek A. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima, Willd. cv. Annette Hegg Dark Red) plants were subjected to various preharvest cultural treatments with the several effects on harvest and postharvest parameters determined. Termination of injector fertilization at 0, 1, 2 or 4 weeks before harvest or the application of a soil fungicidal drench at harvest did not consistently alter plant height, bract diameter, anthesis date, fresh and dry weight, fruit set, foliar or cyathium abscission, foliar chlorosis, bract shriveling, and Botrytis-infected bracts. However, plants maintained under relatively high light and warm conditions exhibited smaller bracts, were shorter and had 8 fold increase in Botrytis-infected bracts at harvest (compared to ones averaging 2°C lower temperature and 50% light reduction). The high light-warmly grown plants were generally inferior as measured by increased foliar abacission and chlorosis, premature death of cyathia, and increased numbers of bract abnormalities; cyathium abscission was delayed 3.5 days as compared to the lower light-cooler grown plants.
Variation in Stability of Cytoplasmic-genic Male Sterility in Capsicum annuum L.1
Authors: Shifriss Chen , Guri Asaf 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several cytoplasmic-genic male-sterile (partially fertile) cultivars were developed in pepper. Three cultivars demonstrated different levels of male sterility; male sterility stability of ‘Bikura’ was reliable for hybrid seed production.
Response of Peach Seedlings to Calcium Concentration in Nutrient Solution1
Authors: Edwards J. H. , Horton B. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Elberta’ and ‘Lovell’ peach seedlings (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were grown in nutrient solutions for 36 days with 0.8, 2.5, 7.5, 22.5, 67.5, and 202.5 μM Ca. At 0.8 μM Ca root growth was reduced, roots became brown, appeared gelatinous, and decayed before any foliar Ca deficiency symptoms developed. The Ca concentration in the external solution increased from 0.8 μM to 4.5μM Ca due to exchange of previously adsorbed Ca and efflux of Ca from the roots. Leaves wilted severely within 24 hrs and plants began to defoliate 5 days after initiating the 0.8 μM Ca treatment. Calcium deficiency symptoms in 2.5 μM Ca developed in the leaves as marginal chlorosis followed by necrosis that spread to the leaf apexes. Shoot tips died on some peach seedlings. Roots in 2.5 μM Ca died back severely and little regrowth occurred. Elongation of main and secondary roots was restricted and roots that developed were swollen and stubby. Reduced root growth was the only indication of Ca deficiency in seedlings grown in 7.5 μM Ca. No Ca deficiency symptoms appeared on seedlings grown in Ca concentrations greater than 7.5 μM.
Effects of Multiple-pistillate Flowering on Yields of Gynoecious Pickling Cucumbers 1
Authors: Uzcategu N. A , Baker L. R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gynoecious F3 lines of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) selected for multiple-pistillate (MP) flowers per node, were tested for yield potential in the greenhouse and field. In the greenhouse tests, MP lines gave more fruits per plant and higher yields than F1 hybrids. In field tests, MP lines yields were equivalent to commercial hybrids. The good performance of MP lines when compared to adapted hybrids suggests that multiple-pistillate flowering may be a valuable character for increasing yields with once-over harvest systems.
Effects of Ozone and HC1 Gas on the Development of the Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus fasciculatus and Growth of ‘Troyer’ Citrange1
Authors: McCool P. M. , Menge J. A. , Taylor O. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Troyer’ citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] seedlings were exposed to 82 ppm HCl for 20 minutes or 100 pphm ozone for 4 hours at 5, 12, and 16 weeks after inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe. One group of citrange seedlings was exposed in a 2nd experiment to ozone at 90 pphm for 6 hours, once weekly, and a second group was exposed to 45 pphm for 3 hours, twice weekly for a period of 19 weeks beginning 1 week after fungal inoculation. Intermittent HCl and ozone exposures significantly reduced height and dry weight of mycorrhizal, but not of non-mycorrhizal plants. Fungal chlamydospore production was reduced 57% in ozone treatments but was not reduced by HCl exposures. Weekly exposures to 90 pphm ozone levels significantly reduced total dry weight in mycorrhizal plants by 42%, but reduced that of non-mycorrhizal plants by only 19%. However, 45 pphm ozone levels did not cause a similar reduction in either mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal infection was reduced 15% and spore production 39% at 90 pphm ozone. The lower ozone level (45 pphm) reduced infection 22%, but had no effect on spore production. Absorption of phosphorus was not reduced by ozone treatments in either mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal plants.
Internal Rates of Return for Different ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Orchard Systems in Pennsylvania 1
Authors: Funt R. C. , Partenheimer E. J. , Tukey L. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An internal rate of return technique was used to analyze and compare 4 orchard densities producing ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) on a “typical” Pennsylvania fruit farm with a fresh market system and both hand and mechanical harvested processing systems. Medium and high density systems had similar rates of return both of which were higher than the low density systems. The high density system had higher net returns per unit area than the medium density systems.
Effects of Inorganic Cations on Ethephon-induced Increases in Membrane Permeability 1
Authors: Poovaiah B. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Treatment of beet root slices (Beta vulgaris L.) with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) at 100 ppm increased membrane permeability 7-fold as indicated by betacyanin leakage. Leakage was much greater at higher concentrations of ethephon. Divalent and trivalent cations (Ca++, Mg++, La+++) prevented the effects of ethephon on membrane leakage without altering the rate of ethylene evolution. The monovalent cations (K+, Na+, NH4+) were not effective in relieving the ethephon effect.
Response of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) to Irrigation, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Seed Grading 1
Authors: Smittle Doyle A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Yield of shelled lima beans was greatest when 15 mm of irrigation was applied at 38 mm of pan evaporation until 1/3 foliage cover, at 30 mm of pan evaporation until 2/3 foliage cover, then at 23 mm of pan evaporation until harvest. More frequent irrigation with smaller amounts of water per application increased uniformity of seed maturity, but reduced seed yield. Plant growth and yield were not affected by N fertilization. Grading seed in a vertical air column to remove smaller seed increased shelled lima bean yield. Yield response to seed grading was the same for all irrigation frequencies.
Value of Plant Resistance for Reducing Cowpea Curculio Damage to the Southernpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) 1
Authors: Cuthbert F. P. , Fery R. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The results of 2 years of field tests indicate that the level of cowpea curculio (Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman) resistance found in 2 southernpea (Vigna unguiculata) breeding lines was more effective in reducing curculio injury than the currently recommended insecticide toxaphene. No evidence was obtained that the insecticide’s effectiveness could be increased by altering the plant type.
Relationship of Rootstock to Leaf and Juice Lipids in Citrus1
Authors: Nordby Harold E. , Nagy Steven , Smoot John M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Major leaf alkanes (C29-C33) of 2 scions on 10 rootstocks of citrus were examined by gas chromatography. A small but definite effect of the rootstock on the alkane profiles of the scions was observed. The effect of rootstock on alkane patterns in juice sacs was very small. Rootstock affected the fatty acid patterns of total and neutral lipids as well as of triglycerides and sterol esters.
The Relationship between Vegetative Maturity and the First Stage of Cold Acclimation
Authors: Nissila P. C. , Fuchigami L. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The title and byline of the paper, The Relationship between Vegetative Maturity and the First Stage of Cold Acclimation by P. C. Nissila and L. H. Fuchigami (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103(6):710-711. 1978), was inadvertently omitted from the table of contents.
Texture Modification of ‘Van’ Sweet Cherries
Authors: Lidster P. D. , Porritt S. W. , Tung M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper, Texture Modification of ‘Van’ Sweet Cherries by Postharvest Calcium Treatments by P. D. Lidster, S. W. Porritt, and M. A. Tung (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103(4):527-530. 1978), the caption for Fig. 1 should read: Fig. 1. Ca penetration into ‘Van’ cherry. Log ppm Ca = 2.920-0.003430 Day + 0.1536 Log Day (P 1%, R2=0.94). Flesh Ca of undipped control = 545 ppm.
Machine-harvest of Sweet Cherries: Effect of Ethephon on Fruit Removal and Quality of the Processed Fruit1
Authors: Bukovac Martin J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) applied as a foliar spray at 250 to 1000 ppm reduced fruit removal force by 30 to 60%, and significantly increased (50 to 300%) the percentage fruit removed by machineharvest in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The response was more pronounced as time between application and harvest increased, with optimum results between 7 and 14 days before harvest. Fruit quality was equal to or better than that of the control, the greatest effect being a reduction in percentage of bruised fruit and fruit with persisting pedicels. The degree of bruising was directly related to the duration of the shaking period. Efficiency of machine-harvest was markedly increased (20 to 30%) by selectively removing the lower branches and heading back long willowy branches around the periphery of the tree. Excessive leaf abscission and gummosis were common at the 1000 ppm rate and occasionally at the lower rates, particularly when trees were under moisture or disease stress.
Effects of a Delay in Storage and Calcium Chloride Dip on Surface Disorder Incidence in ‘Van’ Cherry1
Authors: Lidster P. D. , Porritt S. W. , Tung M. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A delay in storage at 0°C prior to impact damage decreased the incidence of surface disorders due to mechanical damage in ‘Van’ cherries (Prunus avium L.). A 4% CaCl2 plus 0.25% Keltrol postharvest dip reduced the incidence of pitting and surface marking at all delay periods after dipping.
Chilling Injury and Ripening of ‘Honey Dew’ Muskmelons Stored at 2.5° or 5°C after Ethylene Treatment at 20°C1
Authors: Lipton Werner J. , Aharoni Yair 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Exposing ‘Honey Dew’ muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) at 20°C to 1000 ppm ethylene for 24 hours before storage at 2.5° for 2½ weeks reduced the incidence of chilling injury (Cl) by at least 75% and virtually eliminated objectionable Cl. The treatment also permitted 83% of the melons to proceed from minimum horticultural maturity initially to at least an acceptable degree of ripeness during 2½ weeks at the low temperature followed by 2 to 4 days at 20°. Only 41% of the control melons reached a desirable degree of ripeness. Cl was virtually absent in melons held at 5°, whether or not they were treated with ethylene, but ethylene also accelerated ripening at 5°. Almost half of the gassed melons were at or beyond maximum ripeness for eating after 2 to 4 days at 20°, whether stored initially at 2.5 or 5°. ‘Honey Dew’ melons with any degree of solar yellowing were highly resistant to Cl. Decay was negligible in all lots after 2½ weeks at 2.5 or 5°, but objectionable degrees of decay affected twice as many ethylene-treated as control melons after 2 to 4 days at 20°. Overall, treatment with ethylene followed by storage at 2.5° yielded the highest proportion (40%) of good to excellent melons after they were ripened for 2 to 4 days at 20°.
Resistance to Thiabendazole and Benomyl of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum Isolated from Citrus Fruit from Several Countries1
Authors: McDonald R. E. , Risse L. A. , Hillebrand B. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Strains of Penicillium digitatum (Sacc.) and P. italicum (Wehmer) resistant to thiabendazole and benomyl were isolated from decaying citrus fruits obtained from the Rotterdam, Netherlands, terminal market and originating from 18 countries. Significantly more Penicillium sp isolates with resistance to thiabendazole and benomyl were collected from grapefruit and lemons than from oranges. Significantly more isolates of P. digitatum than P. italicum grew on agar plates with 4, 10, or 40 ppm thiabendazole. A greater percentage of P. digitatum than P. italicum isolates grew on 4 and 10 ppm benomyl-agar plates, but a greater percentage of P. italicum than P. digitatum isolates grew on 40 and 80 ppm benomyl-agar plates. Both species were more resistant to thiabendazole than to benomyl, and often showed cross-resistance to the fungicides. Resistant Penicillium sp isolates produced larger colonies on 4 and 10 ppm thiabendazole and 40 and 80 ppm benomyl.
Some High Temperature Effects on Citrus Growth1
Authors: Reuther Walter , Nauer E. M. , Roistacher C. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Growth chamber studies with several common citrus species (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb., C. aurantium L., C. reticulata Blanco, C. limon (L.) Burm) and a hybrid (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Rat) indicate abnormal growth developed during 2.5 months of sublethal high temperature stress. Hot treatment (38° day/28°C night) reduced shoot elongation and leaves were smaller, broader, and more upright than those on the warm (28°/22°) controls. Some leaves in the hot treatment were cordate in shape with abnormal venation. Growth of dormant axillary buds on decapitated shoots was inhibited with continuously maintained stress at 40° over an 8 day period. Buds were killed when stress was applied after they had commenced to swell. Young, partially grown leaves became distorted and faintly yellow-brown in color when given 40° for 8 days.
High Temperature Induced Bud-failure Symptoms in Vegetative Buds of Almond Plants in Growth Chambers1
Authors: Hellali Rachid , Kester Dale E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plants of non-bud-failure (susceptible but without symptoms) ‘Nonpareil’ almond [Prunus amygdalus Batsch] produced severe bud failure (BF) symptoms internally in the growing point after 5 and 10 weeks exposure to high temperature (43°C ± 2) in a growth chamber, but not in comparable plants grown in a greenhouse at a normal temperature (about 27°C). High levels of abscisic acid (ABA) were detected in normal plants exposed to the high temperature. Buds on non-BF plants showed much lower ABA under the same conditions although there was more prior to the beginning of high temperature exposure. Little significant effects on gibberellic acid (GA)-like levels were detected.