bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of subtropical Rossby waves in governing the track of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Singh Vineet Kumar , Roxy Mathew Koll , Deshpande Medha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cyclones during November in the Bay of Bengal follow two distinct tracks. Analysis for the period 1982–2019 shows that some cyclones move west‐northwestward and make landfall at the Odisha, Andhra Pradesh or Tamil Nadu coast of India, or the Sri Lanka coast, while others move north‐northeastwards and make landfall at the West Bengal, Bangladesh or Myanmar coast. Our analysis shows there is a significant difference in the steering winds governing these two different cyclone tracks. The north‐northeastward moving cyclones are associated with an anomalous upper‐level cyclonic circulation over India which is part of a subtropical Rossby wave train triggered by an anomalous upper‐level convergence over the Mediterranean region. This wave train propagates along the subtropical westerly jet from the east Atlantic/Mediterranean region and reaches the Indian subcontinent in 4 days. It induces an anomalous cyclonic circulation over the Indian landmass and provides south‐to‐north and west‐to‐east steering over the Bay of Bengal, causing the cyclones to move in a north‐northeastward direction. On the other hand, for west‐northwestward moving cyclones, there is no Rossby wave intrusion over the Indian subcontinent, hence the cyclones move in a west‐northwestward direction assisted by the beta effect and climatological winds which are from east to west over the south and central Bay of Bengal. This shows that the track of cyclones in the north Indian Ocean can be modulated by atmospheric changes in the extratropics and can act as a precursor for the prediction of the track of cyclones in this region.
Dynamic‐estimator‐based adaptive secure containment control for constrained nonlinear multi‐agent systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Jiang Yuqiang , Niu Ben , Wang Xinjun , Wang Huanqing , Chen Wendi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article concentrates upon the adaptive secure containment control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear multi‐agent systems with the output constraint requirements under denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. At first, to overcome the difficulty that the tracking performance of the nonlinear multi‐agent systems under the DoS attacks is disturbed seriously, a novel adaptive secure containment control approach is presented by applying a DoS attacks detection mechanism and introducing the barrier Lyapunov functions, which enables the system to achieve the security control objective that the output of each agent eventually converges to the convex hull spanned by the dynamic leaders' outputs, while never violating the output constraints. Then, a state estimator is designed, which reconstructs the immeasurable states of the multi‐agent systems and approximates the completely unknown nonlinearities arising from the agents. In addition, the dynamic surface control technique is used to solve the “explosion of complexity” problem. It is demonstrated that the proposed anti‐attack controller ensures that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, a simulation example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Academic stars and licensing experience in university technology commercialization
Authors: Hsu David H. , Kuhn Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the process by which university technology transfer offices (TTOs) allocate internal resources, which provides insight into technologies offered for commercialization to the private sector. Using detailed administrative records of patenting decisions and outcomes by one prominent U.S. research‐based university's TTO over a 30‐year period, we analyze the performance of invention disclosures by academic stars and by inventors with prior licensing experience. We find that the lead inventor's academic prominence (but not licensing experience) predicts patent application filing, while licensing experience (but not academic prominence) predicts patent impact and commercialization success. We supplement this descriptive analysis with follow‐up interviews and empirical evaluation of possible mechanisms for this seemingly outsized role of academic stars.Managerial SummaryIncreasingly prevalent hybrid organizations are expected to fulfill multiple objectives. University technology transfer offices (TTOs) are an example of a hybrid organization and are charged with disseminating academia‐originated technology for the public good as well as for economic benefit. We study how one TTO allocates internal resources, using comprehensive in‐house administrative data over a 30‐year span. We find that while the TTO tends to put resources behind inventions by academic stars, the commercial returns from licensing inventions from such individuals are no different than inventions by non‐stars. By contrast, inventors' prior licensing experience highly predicts commercial returns. These results illustrate the challenges inherent in internal resource allocation inside a complex hybrid organization.
Accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum secondary to gastrointestinal perforation in dogs and cats
Authors: Marwood Rachel , Fleming Kathryn , Masson Aurore Veronique , Gilmour Hannah , Schiborra Frederike , Maddox Thomas W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRadiography is commonly included in the diagnostic investigation of animals with suspected gastrointestinal perforation and resultant pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed to (1) identify the accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum and (2) determine if observer experience affected accuracy.MethodsThis was a retrospective case‐controlled study evaluating abdominal radiographs of dogs and cats with surgical confirmation of gastrointestinal perforation or peritonitis without pneumoperitoneum. Radiographs were reviewed by a radiologist, an imaging resident, a general practitioner and a veterinary student.ResultsRadiographs from 60 dogs and eight cats were evaluated; 34 animals had confirmed perforation. Accuracy was fair to excellent for all observers: student 61.8%, general practitioner 70.6%, resident 85.3% and radiologist 83.8%. There was no significant difference in sensitivity between observers (all 70.6%–85.3%); however, there was a significant difference in specificity between both the resident (91.2%) and radiologist (91.2%) compared to the student (52.9%) (p < 0.001) and the general practitioner (55.9%) (p = 0.002). Overall, there was slight to substantial agreement between observers (κ = 0.28–0.73), with the highest being between the radiologist and resident.ConclusionAbdominal radiography, when interpreted by veterinarians with differing experience, has variable accuracy for diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum for animals in this study. Further studies are needed to determine if these results are applicable for other populations of animals with pneumoperitoneum.
The Climate Crisis, Outstanding Universal Value and Change in World Heritage
Authors: Megarry William P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change is the greatest threat facing global natural and cultural heritage. All World Heritage (WH) properties will be impacted over the coming century, and our ability to adapt will often be limited. Yet climate change was a threat never envisioned by the drafters of the World Heritage Convention (WHC). This chapter considers how concepts central to the WHC may need to adapt to a rapidly changing world, to reflect three uncomfortable realities of the climate crisis and its impacts on heritage sites. Firstly, climate change is and will continue threatening and invalidating the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of many properties, and there may be little we can do to stop this. Secondly, climate change knows no borders and existing mechanisms may need to be rethought to reflect this. Thirdly, these challenges will, like climate change, disproportionately impact marginalised and indigenous communities in the Global South. It is suggested here that more precise and explicit guidance, which considers local climate modelling and an inclusive approach to values, within the existing proactive mechanisms of the WHC Operational Guidelines would result in a more consistent consideration of climate change impacts at WH properties, that reflects the spirit of the WHC.
Climate Action and World Heritage: Conflict or Confluence?
Authors: Daly Cathy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 2007, the Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties was adopted by the World Heritage (WH) Committee, and a revised policy document, the Draft Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage, was released in 2021. An English word search on terms related to potential conflicts between WH and climate change was undertaken and utilised as a starting point for an exploration of developments over the 14 intervening years. Four themes were defined and explored, namely, mission, change, loss, and responsibility. In many cases of perceived conflict, professionals and policy makers have been actively working to find solutions. In others, there is the potential for developing new and creative approaches that will ensure the relevance of heritage in an uncertain future.
Shifting Scales in the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces: Traditional Knowledge, Commodification and Community Participation
Authors: Wallenwein Fabienne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn rapidly transforming Asian environments, traditional agricultural heritage systems struggle with increasing development pressure and out-migration. Drawing on the Chinese cultural landscape of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces as a case study, the paper investigates how the concepts of scale and “politics of scale” can be fruitfully mobilised for critical heritage theory and provide practical solutions to overcome conservation–development tensions. In processes of ethnic tourism development and cultural commodification, government authorities pursue different scalar strategies to harness natural and cultural resources for heritage-led regeneration schemes. Such strongly tourism-oriented agendas, as prevailed in the initial stages of development, privilege natural and selected cultural values over social values, thereby contrasting with local inhabitants’ aspirations to improve their living conditions. To encourage participation and sustainable cultural landscape management, the study suggests “upscaling” traditional knowledge and local interests.
Governing World Heritage – Taking Stock of the Structures that Determine the Protection and Conservation of World Heritage Sites
Authors: Schmedt Eike Tobias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe World Heritage Convention combines efforts of heritage protection and conservation on the global, national and local level. It has been adopted by almost 200 countries and has a complex governance system with actors on every level. While these actors are critical to the protection and conservation of World Heritage Sites, very limited research is available that assesses their role and the importance of governmental and managerial structures on a holistic level. This study assesses different governance structures and illustrates how they influence protective efforts. The World Heritage Site Index, which is a comprehensive database of information from almost 900 World Heritage Sites, creates a unique perspective that allows for the comparative assessment of sites regardless of their designation or typology. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study reveals clear governance structures that influence the protection of World Heritage Sites and offers a perspective on potential steps toward ensuring that these structures work for and not against the protection and conservation of these sites.
World Heritage and Global Governance: Thematic Reflections
Authors: Bernecker Roland , Franceschini Nicole , Ndoro Webber , Cameron Christina , Koch-Weser Maritta , Meskell Lynn , Capdepon de Bigu-Poirrier Caroline , Choi Boyoon , Negredo Fernández Roger , Rupp Isabelle , Willhalm Tanja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article compiled by Roland Bernecker and Nicole Franceschini presents the personal reflections of several experts and young professionals on global governance and on how its evolution is affecting the implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Webber Ndoro reflects upon the distinction between local and global forms of governance, considering an African perspective on the colonial bias of World Heritage. Christina Cameron emphasizes the need and opportunities for a more inclusive governance based on broader participation of stakeholders not foreseen in the Convention. Based on her experience in the institutional limits of international cooperation, Maritta Koch-Weser develops five recommendations for adjusting the system. Lynn Meskell builds her analysis on 5Cs, in response to those elaborated in the context of the Convention, and addresses the power of politics in the implementation of the Convention. These contributions are complemented with that of a group of master’s students, who discuss the impact of civil society initiatives on the governance of the World Heritage system.
Telepresent Agency: Remote Participation in Hybrid Language Classrooms via a Telepresence Robot
Authors: Jakonen Teppo , Jauni Heidi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVideoconferencing technologies have become increasingly common in different sectors of life as a means to enable real-time interaction between people who are located in different places. In this chapter, we explore interactional data from synchronous hybrid university-level foreign language classrooms in which one student participates via a telepresence robot, a remote-controlled videoconferencing tool. In contrast to many other forms of video-mediated interaction, the user of a telepresence robot can move the robot and thereby (re-)orient to the space, the other participants and material objects that might be outside his immediate video screen. We employ an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic (EMCA) perspective to explore Barad’s (Quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning. Durham: Duke University Press: 2007) notion of agency as a distributed phenomenon that emerges from assemblages of humans and materials. We demonstrate the complex nature of telepresent agency by investigating where agential cuts lie in three short episodes that involve mediated perception, touch and movement. Based on the analyses, we discuss how the telepresence technology configures learning environments by making new kinds of competences and forms of adaptation relevant for teachers and students.
Aufgabenbasierte Interviews
Authors: Stenzel Thomas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird die Planung, Durchführung und Auswertung der qualitativen Forschung beschrieben. Hierbei geht es nicht nur darum, Informationen zur Weiterentwicklung der hier beschriebenen Interventionsmaßnahme zu sammeln, sondern vor allem darum, grundsätzliche Erkenntnisse zu Problemlöseprozessen von Studienanfängern zu gewinnen.
Weiterentwicklung der Maßnahme
Authors: Stenzel Thomas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel beschreibt die Weiterentwicklung des in Abschnitt 4.4 beschriebenen theoriebasierten Entwurfs des ersten Zyklus der Intervention. Hierbei werden weniger kleine Modifikationen der dort genannten Einzelmaßnahmen dargestellt, sondern im Wesentlichen zwei größere Veränderungen: Zum einen wurde modifiziert, welche Strategien bereits vor der Bearbeitung der Hausaufgaben zur Verfügung gestellt wurden, zum anderen wurde ein auf die Universitätsmathematik zugeschnittenes Lernstrategietraining ergänzt. Die vorgenommenen Veränderungen haben sich aus Lehrerfahrungen, die der Autor in der Rolle eines Übungsgruppenleiters gesammelt hat, systematischen Rückmeldungen der anderen beteiligten Tutoren, sowie der in Kapitel 5 beschriebenen qualitativen Erhebung ergeben. In Abschnitt 6.3 werden einige Überlegungen zur Organisationsform der Präsenzübung in Abgrenzung zur Hausübung präsentiert und in Abschnitt 6.4 wird die Intervention zusammengefasst und reflektiert.
Verdichtung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse
Authors: Stenzel Thomas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die in der vorliegenden Arbeit angestellten Überlegungen verdichtet und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Darüber hinaus werden aus den Ergebnissen resultierende Schlussfolgerungen gezogen und weiterführende Fragen sowie Forschungsdesiderate angesprochen.
Pose is all you need: the pose only group activity recognition system (POGARS)
Authors: Thilakarathne Haritha , Nibali Aiden , He Zhen , Morgan Stuart 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe introduce a novel deep learning-based group activity recognition approach called the Pose Only Group Activity Recognition System (POGARS), designed to use only tracked poses of people to predict the performed group activity. In contrast to existing approaches for group activity recognition, POGARS uses 1D CNNs to learn spatiotemporal dynamics of individuals involved in a group activity and forgo learning features from pixel data. The proposed model uses a spatial and temporal attention mechanism to infer person-wise importance and multi-task learning for simultaneously performing group and individual action classification. Experimental results confirm that POGARS achieves highly competitive results compared to state-of-the-art methods on a widely used public volleyball dataset despite only using tracked pose as input. Further, our experiments show by using pose only as input, POGARS has better generalization capabilities compared to methods that use RGB as input.
Feasibility of a global inversion for spatially resolved glacial isostatic adjustment and ice sheet mass changes proven in simulation experiments
Authors: Willen Matthias O. , Horwath Martin , Groh Andreas , Helm Veit , Uebbing Bernd , Kusche Jürgen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEstimating mass changes of ice sheets or of the global ocean from satellite gravimetry strongly depends on the correction for the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) signal. However, geophysical GIA models are different and incompatible with observations, particularly in Antarctica. Regional inversions have resolved GIA over Antarctica without ensuring global consistency, while global inversions have been mostly constrained by a priori GIA patterns. For the first time, we set up a global inversion to simultaneously estimate ice sheet mass changes and GIA, where Antarctic GIA is spatially resolved using a set of global GIA patterns. The patterns are related to deglaciation impulses localized along a grid over Antarctica. GIA associated with four regions outside Antarctica is parametrized by global GIA patterns induced by deglaciation histories. The observations we consider here are satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry over Antarctica and Greenland, as well as modelled firn thickness changes. Firn thickness changes are also parametrized to account for systematic errors in their modelling. Results from simulation experiments using realistic signals and error covariances support the feasibility of the approach. For example, the spatial RMS error of the estimated Antarctic GIA effect, assuming a 10-year observation period, is 31% and 51%, of the RMS of two alternative global GIA models. The integrated Antarctic GIA error is 8% and 5%, respectively, of the integrated GIA signal of the two models. For these results realistic error covariances incorporated in the parameter estimation process are essential. If error correlations are neglected, the Antarctic GIA RMS error is more than twice as large.Highlights$$\bullet $$
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We present a globally consistent inversion approach to co-estimate glacial isostatic adjustment effects together with changes of the ice mass and firn air content in Greenland and Antarctica. $$\bullet $$
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The inversion method utilizes data sets from satellite gravimetry, satellite altimetry, regional climate modelling, and firn modelling together with the full error-covariance information of all input data. $$\bullet $$
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The simulation experiments show that the proposed GIA parametrization in Antarctica can resolve GIA effects unpredicted by geophysical modelling, despite realistic input-data limitations.
Predictive values of the SOFA score and procalcitonin for septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Hou Haifeng , Yang Jun , Han Zhenhua , Zhang Xiaoyang , Tang Xiaoying , Chen Tianming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo investigate the value of combination of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and procalcitonin (PCT) for prediction of septic shock after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). A total of 1328 patients receiving PCNL for renal calculi were allocated into control group (without septic shock) and septic shock group, and related data were retrospectively collected. Univariate analysis was firstly performed, and the variables with two sided P < 0.10 were then included in logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to evaluate the predictive values. Area under curve (AUC) was compared using Z test. Postoperative septic shock was developed in 61 patients (4.6%) and not developed in 1267 patients (95.3%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that SOFA score (OR: 1.316, 95% CI 1.125–1.922), PCT (OR: 1.205, 95% CI 1.071–1.696) and operative time (OR: 1.108, 95% CI 1.032–1.441) were independent risk factors for septic shock with adjustment for sex, history of urolithiasis surgery, positive history of urine culture and history of PCNL. The ROC curves demonstrated that the AUCs of SOFA score and PCT for predicting septic shock after PCNL were 0.896 (95% CI 0.866–0.927) and 0.792 (95% CI 0.744–0.839), respectively. The AUC of their combination was 0.971 (95% CI 0.949–0.990), which was higher than those of individual predictions (vs 0.896, Z = 4.086, P < 0.001; vs 0.792, Z = 6.983, P < 0.001). Both the SOFA score and PCT could be applied in predicting septic shock after PCNL, and their combination could further elevate the diagnostic ability.
Comparative Study of Multifunctional Irrigation‐assisted Vacuum Drainage, Vacuum Sealing Drainage and the Penrose Drain in Treating Severe Multi‐space Deep Fascial Infection in the Head and Neck
Authors: Qian Yuanyi , He Di , Qi HaoZhao , Zhang Tian , Fu Tao , Yu Menghua , Yan Qin , Cai Zhuoying , Liu Yanming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to compare multifunctional irrigation‐assisted vacuum drainage (MIVD), vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and the Penrose drain in treating severe multi‐space deep fascial infection (DFI) in head and neck.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 113 patients who had suffered from severe multi‐space DFI in head and neck and underwent surgical treatment. Patients were divided into the MIVD group, the VSD group, and the Penrose group according to their treatment. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcome data regarding infection control, clinicians’ workload, surgical procedure required, and cost were analyzed.ResultsDuration of antibiotic administration was significantly shorter using MIVD and VSD than Penrose drains (p = 0.002 with MIVD, p = 0.008 with VSD). Hospital stay in the MIVD group was shorter than the Penrose group (p = 0.034). Compared to the other two groups, more times of manual irrigation were needed in higher frequency in the Penrose group (p < 0.001). Longer Incision and more surgical operation were required in the VSD group than the other two groups (p < 0.001). The treatment cost in the VSD group was higher than the MIVD group (p = 0.045) and the Penrose group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the treatment of severe multi‐space DFI in head and neck, MIVD and VSD are superior to the Penrose drain in infection control and reduction in clinicians’ workload. Meanwhile, MIVD, with fewer surgical procedures required and less cost, seems to be a more promising method than VSD.