bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared regulation and functional relevance of local gene co-expression revealed by single cell analysis
Authors: M. Ribeiro Diogo , Ziyani Chaymae , Delaneau Olivier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost human genes are co-expressed with a nearby gene. Previous studies have revealed this local gene co-expression to be widespread across chromosomes and across dozens of tissues. Yet, so far these studies used bulk RNA-seq, averaging gene expression measurements across millions of cells, thus being unclear if this co-expression stems from transcription events in single cells. Here, we leverage single cell datasets in >85 individuals to identify gene co-expression across cells, unbiased by cell-type heterogeneity and benefiting from the co-occurrence of transcription events in single cells. We discover >3800 co-expressed gene pairs in two human cell types, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and (i) compare single cell to bulk RNA-seq in identifying local gene co-expression, (ii) show that many co-expressed genes – but not the majority – are composed of functionally related genes and (iii) using proteomics data, provide evidence that their co-expression is maintained up to the protein level. Finally, using single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single cell ATAC-sequencing (scATAC-seq) data for the same single cells, we identify gene-enhancer associations and reveal that >95% of co-expressed gene pairs share regulatory elements. These results elucidate the potential reasons for co-expression in single cell gene regulatory networks and warrant a deeper study of shared regulatory elements, in view of explaining disease comorbidity due to affecting several genes. Our in-depth view of local gene co-expression and regulatory element co-activity advances our understanding of the shared regulatory architecture between genes.
A computational approach to analyzing climate strategies of cities pledging net zero
Authors: Sachdeva Siddharth , Hsu Angel , French Ian , Lim Elwin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCities have become primary actors on climate change and are increasingly setting goals aimed at net-zero emissions, which warrants closer examination to understand how they intend to meet these goals. The incomplete and heterogeneous nature of city climate policy documents, however, has made systemic analysis challenging. We analyze 318 climate action documents from cities with net-zero targets using machine learning-based natural language processing (NLP) techniques. We aim to accomplish two goals: (1) determine text patterns that predict ‘ambitious’ net-zero targets; and (2) perform a sectoral analysis to identify patterns and trade-offs in climate action themes. We find that cities with ambitious climate actions tend to emphasize quantitative metrics and specific high-emitting sectors in their plans. Cities predominantly emphasize energy-related actions in their plans, but often at the expense of other sectors, including land-use and climate impacts. The method presented in this paper provides a replicable, scalable approach to analyzing climate action plans and a first step towards facilitating cross-city learning.
Abrupt drainage of Lago Greve, a large proglacial lake in Chilean Patagonia, observed by satellite in 2020
Authors: Hata Shuntaro , Sugiyama Shin , Heki Kosuke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlacial lakes are increasing in number and extent under a warming climate. Despite demand for lake monitoring and understanding outburst mechanisms, studies of large outburst events are sparse. Here we report an outburst of Lago Greve, a large proglacial lake in Chilean Patagonia. During the event in April–July 2020, the lake level dropped by 18.3 ± 1.2 m and the area decreased by 14.5 ± 0.02 km2. The total water discharge was 3.7 ± 0.2 km3, which is one of the largest glacial lake outbursts ever reported in satellite era. Satellite data indicated the collapse of a bump near the lake outlet triggered the event, by initiating erosion of the bank and bed of the outlet stream. Satellite gravimetry captured a signal of the event, although the magnitude of the corresponding mass change was inconsistent with the drained water mass. Our study demonstrated the potential for observing lake outburst using satellite imagery, altimetry, photogrammetry, and gravimetry.
Robust adaptive finite‐time control design for the generation of stable oscillations in the strict‐feedback form non‐linear systems with input dead‐zone non‐linearity
Authors: Azhdari Meysam , Binazadeh Tahereh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel finite‐time limit cycle control for a class of strict‐feedback non‐linear systems with input dead‐zone non‐linearity, parameter uncertainties, and unknown disturbances. Creating attractive limit cycles in the phase plane of dynamical systems leads to generating sustained oscillations in the system's output. Achieving the finite‐time limit cycle is an extremely challenging problem because existing finite‐time theorems cannot be applied directly. To solve this difficulty, a novel structure of the sliding surface is introduced concerning the shape of the desired limit cycle. Then, to achieve the control objective, the sliding mode and backstepping control techniques are employed throughout the finite‐time stability concept. Simultaneously, to deal with the parameter uncertainties in the system's dynamic, the adaptive scheme is utilized. Moreover, a finite‐time command filter is introduced to cope with the trouble of the explosion of complexity in the backstepping method. The presented method rigorously ensures that the trajectories of the closed‐loop system converge to a small boundary region of the desired stable limit cycle within a finite time and equivalently the system's output reaches the desired periodic oscillation after a finite time. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are validated by providing the comparative simulation results.
Analysis and optimization of batteries powering inductive pulsed power supplies
Authors: Sun Hao , Yu Xinjie , Li Zhen , Li Bei , Liu Zhizhen , Yang Songheng , He Hongzhuang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInductive pulsed power supply (IPPS) is a promising type of power supplies for electromagnetic launch, but its advantage in energy density is strongly restricted by the primary power source. Fortunately, batteries become a suitable and practical choice for the primary source. In this paper, the working process of battery powering IPPS is analysed in detail. Various indicators of the charging performance are calculated, which are then proved to be irrelevant to most of the parameters of IPPS. Based on this, an optimization method for battery and IPPS system is proposed, in which the charging and discharging processes can be decoupled. And for the decoupled battery charging process, the bi‐objective optimization model is suggested. Several examples illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimization methods. In order to further improve the performance of the battery and IPPS system, the inherent time constant of the inductors and the output power density of the battery cell should be increased.
Investigation on the optimal operation and control strategy of a wide‐range switched‐capacitor/switched‐inductor DC/DC converter
Authors: Qi Jingjing , Wu Xuezhi , He Shan , Xu Wenzheng , Liu Jingdou 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWide‐range DC/DC converters are widely used in telecommunications, electric vehicles, and e‐bikes. In this paper, the operation characteristics of the wide‐range cascaded buck converter with two duty cycles are investigated. The operation principle of switched‐capacitor and switched‐inductor is analyzed to ensure that there are no current or voltage spikes in the system and no additional control is required for them. Based on the volume and efficiency performance indexes, the optimal operating region of the converter should be selected to the left side of the minimum sum point of the two duty cycles. The small signal model of the converter is established, then a control strategy is proposed that the first‐stage duty cycle is directly given based on the optimal operating region, and the second‐stage duty cycle is determined by double closed‐loop control, which has good control performance, economy, and simplicity. The prototype achieved the conversion of 32 to80 V to 5 V/6 A with peak efficiencies of 92.4%/80 V, 93.8%/48 V, 94.5%/32 V. The results proved that the control strategy enables the converter to realize high efficiency and rapid dynamic regulation even in the condition of high voltage gain and wide input range.
Das plantare amelanotische Melanom: Ein Wolf im Schafspelz
Authors: Bertlich Ines , Enk Alexander , Toberer Ferdinand 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund, Anamnese und Untersuchungen Das Amelanotische Melanom (AM) ist ein Subtyp des Melanoms, bei dem die Melanozyten wenig oder keine Melaninsynthese betreiben. Da es klinisch nicht die typische, dunkle Pigmentierung des Melanoms zeigt, wird es oftmals als gutartiger Hauttumor oder entzündliche Dermatose verkannt und daher zu spät oder fehlerhaft behandelt. Diese Übersicht aus 4 Fällen dient der Veranschaulichung der Warnzeichen von plantaren AM (PAM), die jedem klinisch tätigen Mediziner bekannt sein sollten.
Therapie und Verlauf Wir präsentieren eine Fallserie aus 4 Patienten mit PAM und beschreiben detailliert die Bandbreite des klinischen Erscheinungsbildes sowie den Krankheitsverlauf.
Folgerung PAM können verschiedene klinische Ausprägungen annehmen und insbesondere ältere Patienten mit multiplen Nebenerkrankungen sind gefährdet für eine Fehldiagnose. Wir empfehlen daher generell eine diagnostische Biopsie bei jeder plantaren Ulzeration, wenn diese nach 6 Wochen kein Therapieansprechen zeigt.
Sicherheit von Brillengläsern mit DIMS-Technologie und Atropin in der Kombinationstherapie der Myopieprogression
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Mattern Ann-Isabel , Graff Birte , Neller Kai , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold , Schwahn Hartmut 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Es soll die Sicherheit im Straßenverkehr beim Tragen von Brillengläsern mit DIMS-Technologie (DIMS: Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments) in der Kombination mit Atropin
evaluiert werden.
Patienten und Methoden An 12 jungen Erwachsenen (Alter: 24 – 45; 30,1 ± 5,7 Jahre) wurde der Fernvisus und die Kontrastempfindlichkeit (KE), sowie Blendempfindlichkeit bei Versorgung
mit DIMS-Brillengläsern allein und in der Kombination mit 0,01% Atropin untersucht.
Ergebnisse Durch Atropineinwirkung vermindert sich der Fernvisus beim Blick durch den zentralen Bereich des DIMS-Brillenglases nicht; bei Blendung und unter Atropin kommt es zu einem
Visusabfall um 0,10 logMAR. Beim erzwungenen Blick durch den DIMS-Bereich vermindert sich der Fernvisus durch Atropineinwirkung ohne Blendung um 0,09 logMAR; bei Blendung ist durch Atropin
kein weiterer Visusabfall zu beobachten. Die Kontrastempfindlichkeit mit DIMS-Gläsern wird durch Atropineinwirkung nicht relevant verändert. Hinsichtlich der Blendempfindlichkeit findet sich
bei DIMS-Gläsern keine für das Sehen und die Sicherheit im Straßenverkehr relevante Sehbeeinträchtigung. Zusätzliche Atropinisierung hat keinen Einfluss auf die Blendempfindlichkeit.
Schlussfolgerung DIMS-Brillengläser sind sicher im Straßenverkehr und verursachen keine relevante Beeinträchtigung des Sehens, auch nicht unter Einfluss von 0,01% Atropin.
DIMS-Brillengläser sind daher auch bei der Behandlung von progressiven Myopien in der Kombinationstherapie mit Atropin sicher.
A Visible-Light-Driven Approach to Free Alcohol from Esters of Quinone Propionic Acid
Authors: Yang Yong-Qing , Xu Ximing , Lu Zheng , Xu Yue , Wen Ze , Xie Changhong , Xie Chengyue , Yu Mengqian , Gao Lingyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRelease of alcohol from quinone propionic esters (QPEs) propelled by visible-light is reported. 1°, 2°, and allylic alcohols could be freed from the corresponding QPEs under radiation from blue LED bulb in the presence of a photocatalyst. Ten examples are listed and the yields are good to excellent. Possible mechanism has been proposed and further applications of quinone propionic acid (QPA) in photochemistry would be expected.
Microsurgical Approach for True Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Literature Review and Illustrative Case
Authors: Masuoka Jun , Yoshioka Fumitaka , Furukawa Takashi , Koguchi Motofumi , Ito Hiroshi , Inoue Kohei , Ogata Atsushi , Nakahara Yukiko , Abe Tatsuya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTrue posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms are rare. Although true PCoA aneurysms have been reported to be located close to the internal carotid artery, at the middle part of PCoA, or close to the posterior cerebral artery; the best surgical approach to treat true PCoA aneurysms in each location remains unclear. We conducted a literature review using data from PubMed. Data on demographics, location, and projecting direction of the aneurysm, surgical approach, and surgical complications were collected. A total of 47 true PCoA aneurysms were included. Twenty-nine aneurysms originated from the proximal portion, 10 from the middle portion, and 6 from the distal portion; there were two giant aneurysms. The ipsilateral pterional approach was used for 37 true PCoA aneurysms (27 in proximal portion, 8 in middle portion, and 2 in distal portion of PCoA). The anterior temporal approach was used for two distal-portion aneurysms and one giant aneurysm. The anterior subtemporal approach was used for one distal-portion aneurysm. The subtemporal approach was used for two middle-portion aneurysms and one giant aneurysm. The contralateral pterional approach was used for two proximal-portion and one distal-portion aneurysms. Although most true PCoA aneurysms can be treated by the pterional approach, other means such as anterior temporal and subtemporal approaches can be applicable for aneurysms in the middle and distal portions of the PCoA or giant aneurysms. Surgeons should select an appropriate approach for each aneurysm while considering the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
Autonomic Dysreflexia following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Balik Vladimír , Šulla Igor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAutonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening condition of the autonomic nervous system following spinal cord injury at or above T6. One of the most common symptoms is a sudden increase in blood pressure induced by afferent sensory stimulation owing to unmodulated reflex sympathetic hyperactivity. Such episodes of high blood pressure might be associated with a high risk of cerebral or retinal hemorrhage, seizures, heart failure, or pulmonary edema. In-depth knowledge is, therefore, crucial for the proper management of the AD, especially for spine surgeons, who encounter these patients quite often in their clinical practice. Systematical review of the literature dealing with strategies to prevent and manage this challenging condition was done by two independent reviewers. Studies that failed to assess primary (prevention, treatment strategies and management) and secondary outcomes (clinical symptomatology, presentation) were excluded. A bibliographical search revealed 85 eligible studies that provide a variety of preventive and treatment measures for the subjects affected by AD. As these measures are predominantly based on noncontrolled trials, long-term prospectively controlled multicenter studies are warranted to validate these preventive and therapeutic proposals.
Intravascular Lithotripsy in Calcified Peripheral Lesions: Single-Center JEN-Experience
Authors: Aftanski Pawel , Thieme Marcus , Möbius-Winkler Sven , Kretzschmar Daniel , Klein Friederike , Schulze P. Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeripheral artery disease (PAD) shows increasing need for revascularization therapy. Interventional success in calcified lesions is limited. Here, intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), modifying intimal and medial calcium, is a promising treatment approach. A single-center, prospective all-comers registry for patients undergoing peripheral IVL was established to examine treatment success in PAD with severe vessel calcification. Periprocedural safety events as well as short-term and intermediate follow-up clinical data were evaluated. Between December 2018 and January 2021 all consecutive patients receiving peripheral lithotripsy at our center were analyzed. Clinical and angiographic data were evaluated. Angiographic images were analyzed using a semiautomatic software for quantitative vessel analysis. Eighty-five lesions in 61 limbs were treated with IVL in 51 patients presenting with Rutherford classes 2 to 5. Most lesions (68%) were localized in the superficial femoral artery. Mean calcified lesion length was 102.5 mm (10–390 mm), with a median peripheral arterial calcium score of 3, indicating a highly calcified status. In 58% of the patients, IVL was used as a stand-alone therapy. IVL resulted in a mean acute luminal gain of 2.6 ± 0.9 mm, resulting in stenosis reduction by 42.1 ± 15%. Mean ankle brachial index (ABI) improved significantly from 0.6 to 0.8 (p < 0.0001) on day 1 after the intervention and remained stable at 6 months. This large real-world data of peripheral IVL reports compelling safety in a complex patient cohort. For the first time, clinical follow-up data demonstrated a sustained significant improvement in ABI after 6 months.
Association between Prenatal Marijuana and Tobacco Smoke Exposures and Small for Gestational Age at Birth
Authors: Abdelwahab Mahmoud , Klebanoff Mark A. , Venkatesh Kartik K. 
Published: August 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association of prenatal marijuana exposure with and without tobacco smoke exposure and small for gestational age (SGA) at birth.
Study Design We conducted a secondary analysis of the prospective Lifestyle and Early Achievement in Families (LEAF) cohort enrolled from 2010 to 2015. We included singleton nonanomalous liveborn pregnancies. We assessed marijuana use inclusive of any pregnancy urine specimen with a Δ9-THC-COOH concentration of more than 15 ng/mL by mass spectrometry, self-report on questionnaire, and/or electronic health record; and self-reported maternal tobacco use. Because of the high co-frequency of marijuana with tobacco exposure in pregnancy and the known association between tobacco and fetal growth restriction, we modeled the exposure as: both marijuana and tobacco (hereafter “co-use”), only marijuana, only tobacco, and neither (reference). Incidence of SGA in each group was compared with the neither group. The primary outcome was SGA less than 10th percentile, and secondarily less than 5th percentile, using parity-specific definitions per 2017 US natality reference data.
Results Among 325 assessed mothers, 46% had neither exposure, 11% had only prenatal marijuana exposure, 20% only tobacco exposure, and 23% co-use exposure. A third (33%) of infants were SGA less than 10th percentile and 20% SGA less than 5th percentile. Marijuana exposure only was associated with an increased risk of SGA less than 10th percentile (43 vs. 26%; adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.69), and SGA less than5th percentile (30 vs. 13%; aRR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.15–4.47). Tobacco was not associated with SGA less than 10th percentile, but was with SGA less than 5th percentile (26 vs. 13%; aRR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.13, 3.56). Co-use was not associated with increased SGA risk in multivariate analysis, but was in sensitivity analysis when tobacco use was defined using a cotinine assay rather than self-report (SGA <10th percentile, aRR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.24–3.15) and (SGA <5th percentile, aRR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.09–3.78).
Conclusion Prenatal marijuana exposure in addition to tobacco may increase the risk of SGA. Given the rising prevalence of marijuana use in pregnancy, further research is warranted to understand how in utero marijuana exposure may impact fetal growth and birth weight with and without tobacco exposure.
Key Points
Do efficiency and equity move together? Cross-dynamics of Health System performance and Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Paul Pavitra , Nguemdjo Ulrich , Ngami Armel , Kovtun Natalia , Ventelou Bruno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfficiency within the health system is well recognised as key for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, achieving equity and efficiency simultaneously is often seen as a conflicting effort. Using 12 years of data (2003–2014) from the selection of a number of low- and lower middle-income countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Indonesia, Mongolia, Mozambique, Tajikistan, Togo, Uzbekistan and Yemen Republic), we compute an index of Universal health coverage (UHC), measure the health system’s performance (HSp) and, finally, investigate the cross-dynamics of the resulting HSp and the UHC previously obtained. We find that, with the few exceptions over the statistical sample, the causality between performances of the national health system and the universal health coverage is typically bidirectional. From an empirical standpoint, our findings challenge the idea from economic orthodoxy that efficiency must precede equity in healthcare services. Rather, our findings support the view of simultaneous efforts to improve expansion of the coverage and efficiency of the health system, directing attention towards the importance of organisation of the health system in the country context.
Effects of physical form and wheat straw level in the diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen papillae morphometry, and carcass characteristics in Lohi lambs
Authors: Sohail M. A. , Rashid M. A. , Habib H. F. , Malik M. I. , Yousaf M. S. , Rehman H. 
Published: August 2022

Context To achieve maximum growth and decrease fattening periods farmers tend to use a high concentrate diet in the total mixed ration (TMR). A larger particle size of straw may increase the concentrate level in the TMR and improve the performance without affecting the rumen health of lambs. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical form (PF) and wheat straw levels (SL) in the diet on growth performance, rumen health, and carcass characteristics of lambs. Methods Thirty-two male Lohi lambs (31.5 ± 2.5 kg, age 6–7 months) were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two physical forms [pelleted, conventional mashed] and two levels of straw (15% and 25%). The experiment lasted for 16 weeks including 2 weeks for dietary adaptation, 13 weeks for growth data collection, and 1 week for digestibility. Key results Lambs fed pelleted and 15% straw diets had greater dry matter intake than those offered mashed and 25% straw diets. Lambs fed 15% pelleted straw TMR displayed a greater final bodyweight, average daily gain, and feed efficiency than the other treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were higher in lambs fed on the pelleted and 15% straw diets compared to those fed on the mashed and the 25% straw diets. However, neutral detergent fibre digestibility was higher in the lambs fed 15% straw than those fed 25% straw diets. Lambs fed pelleted and 15% straw diets had longer papillae (P < 0.05), covering greater surface area than those fed on the mashed and 25% straw diets. Lambs fed on the pelleted and 15% straw diets had greater (P < 0.05) marbling score, rib eye area, empty live weight, hot carcass weight, and fat content than the lambs fed mashed and 25% straw diets. Conclusion Greater digestibility and feed intake of lambs fed a 15% pelleted straw TMR led to better growth performance, and improved carcass quality. Implications Feeding wheat straw-based pelleted TMR with 15% straw ground at 8 mm shows great potential to enhance the sustainable lamb production system in Pakistan.