bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does abnormal Doppler on cranial ultrasound predict disability in infants with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy? A systematic review
Authors: Rath Chandra , Rao Shripada , Suryawanshi Pradeep , Desai Saumil , Chetan Chinmay , Patil Karamchand , Patole Sanjay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether abnormal resistive index or cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) on cranial ultrasound predicts disability (≥1 year) in infants with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodThis was a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies comparing developmental outcomes of infants with HIE with normal versus abnormal resistive index or CBFV.ResultsTwenty‐six studies were included (pre‐therapeutic hypothermia era, 20; therapeutic hypothermia era, six). Data from 15 studies (pre‐therapeutic hypothermia, 10; therapeutic hypothermia, five) were available for meta‐analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity, summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and diagnostic odds ratio of resistive index or CBFV for predicting ‘death or severe disability’ were as follows. Pre‐therapeutic hypothermia era: 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–0.97) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.74–0.98), 0.94 (95% CI 0.92–0.96), 54 (95% CI 7–391). Therapeutic hypothermia era (measurements before therapeutic hypothermia): 0.62 (95% CI 0.41–0.80) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.88–0.99), 0.93 (95% CI 0.89–0.94), 23 (95% CI 6–91). Therapeutic hypothermia era (measurements during/after therapeutic hypothermia): 0.51 (95% CI 0.24–0.78) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.73–0.90), 0.81 (95% CI 0.78–0.85), 5 (95% CI 2–13). Overall Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) rating of evidence was ‘low’ or ‘very low’.InterpretationLow‐level evidence suggests that abnormal resistive index or CBFV can predict death or disability with high sensitivity and specificity in infants with HIE who are not cooled. The specificity of these tests was high when performed before starting cooling in infants who received therapeutic hypothermia.What this paper adds

Cerebral doppler ultrasound may be useful in predicting death or disability in infants with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy who are not cooled.
Cerebral doppler ultrasound may also be useful in infants who are cooled, if done before starting cooling.
Cerebral doppler ultrasound may not be useful when performed during or after completing cooling.
Whose voice counts? Examining government‐donor negotiations in the design of Ethiopia’s large‐scale education reforms for equitable learning
Authors: Carvalho Shelby , Asgedom Amare , Rose Pauline 
Published: April 2022

SummaryMotivationThe Government of Ethiopia has a long‐standing commitment to improving the quality of education. In recent years, this has shifted to include a more explicit focus on equity in learning outcomes. In this paper, we examine the education reform design process in the context of Ethiopia’s political environment which is widely recognised as a strong developmental state.PurposeThe article examines how federal, regional, and international donor actors negotiate their interests in relation to Ethiopia’s national quality education reform programme, the General Education Quality Improvement Programme for Equity (GEQIP‐E).Methods and approachWe conducted 81 semi‐structured, key informant interviews with federal and regional government officials and international donors who were involved in the design of GEQIP‐E.FindingsWe find that federal government was able to leverage considerable political influence over high‐level priorities and the framing of GEQIP‐E. Large donors leveraged financial influence to exclude some specific priorities, while smaller donors were able to draw on social influence and technical expertise to include priorities aligned with their interests. Regional governments—which are responsible for policy implementation—were largely excluded from the reform design process.Policy implicationsOur analysis highlights the importance of recognizing and understanding different forms of influence in the dynamic process of negotiating reform between government and donors. It identifies that both government and donor voices counted in the process of negotiations, but in different ways and to varying degrees. Understanding how different actors draw on their relative political, financial, and social influence is vital for ensuring successful implementation and sustainability. Importantly, we identify that voices of local actors are left out.
Effect of eculizumab treatment in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with or without high disease activity: Real‐world findings from the International Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Registry
Authors: Höchsmann Britta , de Fontbrune Flore Sicre , Lee Jong Wook , Kulagin Alexander D. , Hillmen Peter , Wilson Amanda , Marantz Jing L. , Schrezenmeier Hubert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of eculizumab treatment in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients with or without high‐disease activity (HDA), defined by LDH ≥ 1.5 × ULN and history of major adverse vascular events (MAVEs; including thrombotic events [TEs]); anemia; and/or physician‐reported abdominal pain, dyspnea, dysphagia, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and/or hemoglobinuria, in the International PNH Registry were evaluated.MethodsRegistry patients were stratified by baseline HDA and eculizumab‐treatment status. Longitudinal changes in laboratory and clinical PNH‐related endpoints were evaluated using linear mixed models (continuous variables) or Poisson regression (incidence rates).ResultsAs of May 1, 2017, 3009 patients (HDA/eculizumab‐treated, n = 913; HDA/never‐treated, n = 651; no‐HDA/eculizumab‐treated, n = 173; no‐HDA/never‐treated, n = 1272) were analyzed. Higher proportions of eculizumab‐treated patients had HDA and history of MAVEs. In patients with and without HDA, respectively, eculizumab treatment resulted in reductions from baseline for (1) LDH ratio (mean [SD]: −5.3 [4.0] and −2.3 [3.8]); (2) incidence rate ratio (IRR) for MAVEs (−80% and −70%); (3) IRR for TEs (−80% for both); and (4) units of red blood cell transfusions per year (from 6.8 to 2.8 and 3.6 to 2.5 units).ConclusionsEculizumab treatment in a real‐world setting improved outcomes, including substantial decreases in hemolysis, MAVE rates, TEs, and transfusions in PNH patients regardless of HDA.
The correlation between dynamic functional architecture and response to electroconvulsive therapy combined with antipsychotics in schizophrenia
Authors: Gong Jie , Cui Long‐Biao , Zhao Ying‐Song , Liu Zhao‐Wen , Yang Xue‐Juan , Xi Yi‐Bin , Liu Lin , Liu Peng , Sun Jin‐Bo , Zhao Shu‐Wan , Liu Xiao‐Fan , Jia Jie , Li Ping , Yin Hong , Qin Wei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAttempts to determine why some patients respond to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are valuable in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is associated with aberrant dynamic functional architecture, which might impact the efficacy of ECT. We aimed to explore the relationship between pre‐treatment temporal variability and ECT acute efficacy. Forty‐eight patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether patterns of temporary variability of functional architecture differ between high responders (HR) and low responders (LR) at baseline. Compared with LR, HR exhibited significantly abnormal temporal variability in right inferior front gyrus (IFGtriang.R), left temporal pole (TPOsup.L) and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG.R). In the pooled patient group, ∆PANSS was correlated with the temporal variability of these regions. Patients with schizophrenia with a distinct dynamic functional architecture appear to reveal differential response to ECT. Our findings provide not only an understanding of the neural functional architecture patterns that are found in schizophrenia but also the possibility of using these measures as moderators for ECT selection.
Safety and tolerability of SARS‐Cov‐2 vaccination in patients with myasthenia gravis: A multicenter experience
Authors: Farina Antonio , Falso Silvia , Cornacchini Sara , Spagni Gregorio , Monte Gabriele , Mariottini Alice , Massacesi Luca , Barilaro Alessandro , Evoli Amelia , Damato Valentina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, myasthenia gravis (MG) patients have been identified as subjects at high risk of developing severe COVID‐19, and thus were offered vaccination with priority. The lack of direct data on the safety and tolerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines in MG have contributed to vaccine hesitancy. To address this issue, the safety and tolerability of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines were assessed in a large cohort of MG patients from two referral centers.MethodsPatients with confirmed MG diagnosis, consecutively seen between October and December 2021 at two MG centers, were enrolled. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and information regarding SARS‐CoV‐2 infection/vaccination were extracted from medical reports and/or collected throughout telephonic or in‐person interviews.ResultsNinety‐eight (94.2%) of 104 patients included were administered at least two vaccine doses 4 weeks before the interview or earlier, and among them, 63 of 98 (64.2%) have already received the “booster” dose. The most frequently used vaccines were BNT162b2‐Pfizer‐BioNTech and mRNA‐1273‐Moderna. Overall, only minor side effects were reported, most commonly local pain and fever. MG worsening after vaccination was observed in eight of 104 (7.7%) cases. The frequency of worsening among muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase MG cases (3/9, 33.3%) was significantly higher compared to other serological subgroups. Spontaneous symptom regression was observed in six of eight cases. Twelve of 104 (11.5%) patients had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and none of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected MG patients worsened after vaccination.ConclusionsOur data support the safety and tolerability of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines, which should be strongly recommended in MG patients, who could be at higher risk of complications if exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Relationship‐undermining statements by psychotherapists with clients who present with marital or couple problems
Authors: Doherty William J. , Harris Steven M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study examined the prevalence of relationship undermining statements by psychotherapists as reported by clients in individual therapy who presented with relationship problems, and whether these statements were associated with worse outcomes for client relationships. Participants (n = 101) reported on recollections of whether their therapist had suggested that their partner would never change, had a diagnosable personality/mental health disorder, had negative motives, that the relationship was doomed from the start or beyond repair now, or that divorce/breakup was their best option. Findings showed high prevalence of these undermining statements and associations with poorer relationship outcomes and shorter duration of therapy. We discuss potential explanations for this phenomenon and offer implications for the training of therapists who treat individual clients with relationship problems.
What it is important to know about the effect of religious beliefs on entrepreneurial intention: The case of university students
Authors: Rodrigues Margarida , Silva Rui , Franco Mário 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEntrepreneurial Intention (EI) is one of the dimensions most studied and validated scientifically in the literature associated with entrepreneurship. This study intends to go one step further in developing the literature by presenting little studied dimensions as direct antecedents of EI. Its aim is to analyse the influence of the dimensions of Religious Beliefs, Psychological and Cognitive Factors, and Social Influence on the EI of students in higher education institutions (HEI). Five hundred and eight questionnaires were collected from higher education students, 32% of them male and 68% female. The results show that the model proposed has good explanatory power and confirms its robustness in forecasting students' EI, validating all the research hypotheses with very robust and statistically significant factor loadings. This corroborates the scarce literature on the subject, especially concerning the influence of Religious Beliefs on EI.
Swahili language and literature as resources for Indian Ocean studies
Authors: Kresse Kai , Vierke Clarissa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, our common point of convergence as an anthropologist and a literary scholar is to see Swahili language, literature and other texts as interwoven with the depth, scope, and complex dynamics of human experience and social life on the East Africa coast, with its long history of Islam. This includes prominently a view as to how this relates or is integral to the larger Indian Ocean world. Swahili language and its genres have been shaped in relation to, and in context of, transregional interaction with other languages and traditions that carry influence, and significance for the coastal residents. Ideas, thoughts, arguments and verse are taken on, adapted, mediated and disseminated flexibly by Swahili speakers through language repertoires and (mostly poetic) genres in changing media. These range from oral performances and handwritten manuscripts to booklets, CD recordings, radio programs and social media platforms.
Performance of B4C/CeB6 composites fabricated via hot pressing under different processes
Authors: Yang Chen , Wang Shuai , Wang Xingan , Sun Xudong , Xing Pengfei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, CeO2 sintering additive reinforced B4C ceramic composites were prepared by hot‐pressing reaction sintering under different processes of low temperature–long holding time (1980°C, 30 MPa, 3 h, 4 wt% CeO2) and high temperature–short holding time (2050°C, 30 MPa, .5 h, 4 wt% and 6 wt% CeO2). The effect of sintering process and CeO2 content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of B4C‐CeB6 composites were investigated. The existed impurities in the obtained composites were also analyzed. Results show that CeO2 is an active sintering additive. CeB6 is formed by the reaction between CeO2, B4C and C in sintering process. The densification of B4C ceramics is enhanced, and the grains can be refined by the formed CeB6, which promotes the strength. The thermal expansion coefficient mismatch, crack deflection, and fracture mode change caused by the in situ formed CeB6 improve the toughness. The process of low temperature–long holding time is more suitable for playing the role of CeO2 additive in sintering of B4C, under which condition the relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness reach 99%, 417 MPa, 5.32 MPa·m1/2, and 30.66 GPa, respectively. The impurities in the composites are the kinds of Ti‐contained, C‐O‐Mg‐Ca‐contained, C‐O‐Ca‐S‐contained, and Si‐contained impurities.
Gut microbiome and prostate cancer
Authors: Fujita Kazutoshi , Matsushita Makoto , Banno Eri , De Velasco Marco A , Hatano Koji , Nonomura Norio , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiome is linked to several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colon cancer. The gut microbiome is also associated with the modulation of immune function, resulting in a different response to immune checkpoint therapy. The gut microbiome differs according to lifestyle, diet, sex, race, genetic background, and country. Lifestyle, especially diet, plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Recent studies have revealed a connection between the gut microbiome and prostate cancer. A high‐fat diet causes gut dysbiosis and gut bacterial metabolites, such as short‐chain fatty acids and phospholipids that enter systemic circulation result in promoting prostate cancer growth. Additionally, the gut microbiota can serve as a source of testosterone, which affects prostate cancer progression. Men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer have an increased abundance of gut bacteria with androgenic functions. Men with high‐risk prostate cancer share a specific gut microbial profile and profiling gut microbiota could be a potentially effective tool to screen men with high‐risk prostate cancer. Lifestyle modifications can improve the gut microbiome. Furthermore, altering the gut microbiome using prebiotic or probiotic interventions may prevent or delay prostate cancer development. Further study into the “Gut–Prostate Axis” would help in the discovery of new strategies for the prevention, screening, and treatment of prostate cancer.
Mental health consumers' perspectives of physical health interventions: An integrative review
Authors: Tabvuma Tracy Samkele , Stanton Robert , Browne Graeme , Happell Brenda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConsumers of mental health services experience poor physical health compared to the general population, leading to long‐term physical illness and premature death. Current research and policy activity prioritizes the physical health of consumers yet few of these recommendations have translated to practice. This implementation gap may be influenced by the paucity of literature exploring consumer perceptions and experiences with physical healthcare and treatment. As a result, little is understood about the views and attitudes of consumers towards interventions designed to improve their physical health. This integrative review aims to explore the literature regarding consumer perspectives of physical healthcare and, interventions to improve their physical health. A systematic search was undertaken using (i) CINAHL, (ii) MEDLINE, (iii) PsycINFO, (iv) Scopus, and (v) Google Scholar between September and December 2021. Sixty‐one papers comprising 3828 consumer participants met the inclusion criteria. This review found that consumers provide invaluable insights into the barriers and enablers of physical healthcare and interventions. When consumers are authentically involved in physical healthcare evaluation, constructive and relevant recommendations to improve physical healthcare services, policy, and future research directions are produced. Consumer evaluation is the cornerstone required to successfully implement tailored physical health services.
Non‐invasive genomics of respiratory pathogens infecting wild great apes using hybridisation capture
Authors: Patrono Livia V. , Röthemeier Caroline , Kouadio Leonce , Couacy‐Hymann Emmanuel , Wittig Roman M. , Calvignac‐Spencer Sébastien , Leendertz Fabian H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman respiratory pathogens have repeatedly caused lethal outbreaks in wild great apes across Africa, leading to population declines. Nonetheless, our knowledge of potential genomic changes associated with pathogen introduction and spread at the human‐great ape interface remains sparse. Here, we made use of target enrichment coupled with next generation sequencing to non‐invasively investigate five outbreaks of human‐introduced respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees living in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. By retrieving 34 complete viral genomes and three distinct constellations of pneumococcal virulence factors, we provide genomic insights into these spillover events and describe a framework for non‐invasive genomic surveillance in wildlife.
Variation of citrate to metal cation ratio for dense and phase pure BaZrO3 via autocombustion synthesis
Authors: Manju P. , Babu Ashna , S. P. Sruthy , Tirumalarao Dumpala , P. V. Abhijith , Kamble Vinayak B. , Jaiswal‐Nagar D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate how the metal–citrate complex structure formed in the gel reflects the true stoichiometry of the redox mixtures to yield a highly dense BaZrO3 ceramic obtained as a combustion product in the sol‐gel autocombustion technique. By systematically varying the citric acid to metal cation ratio (C/M) between 0.56, 1.0, 1.5, and 2, we show that the optimal synthesis parameters correspond to C/M ratio of 1.5, at which ratio complete chelation of citrates happen with nitrates. This was confirmed using TGA, which showed a single‐step weight loss peak corresponding to C/M =1.5 but multiple peaks in C/M ratios of 0.56 and 1. PXRD and FTIR measurements on all the burnt powders showed multiphase peaks for the C/M ratios 0.56 and 1 but only peaks corresponding to BaZrO3 for C/M = 1.5, apart from a very tiny BaCO peak. Combustion behavior of each sol‐gel corresponding to C/M ratios 0.56, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 is described in detail, wherein 0.56 and 1.0 sol‐gels were found to belong to the smouldering/less intense flame‐type combustion, while 1.5 and 2 belonged to the intense flame combustion, contradicting oxidant to reductant ratio (O/R) calculations that require a stoichiometric combustion for C/M ratio of 0.56 to result in an intense flame combustion. This discrepancy was explained by the optimal usage of NO ions in the gel structure corresponding to C/M ratio of 1.5 since a complete chelation of citrates to nitrates ions happen for C/M = 1.5. The observed combustion behavior, phase purity, and other characteristics of stoichiometric/ nonstoichiometric combustion products are illustrated by means of the extent of the 3D metal–citrate complex network formed as a function of C/M. The density of the sintered pellets that were sintered at a temperature of 1650C was found to be the best at 99.6 for the C/M ratio 1.5. This is the highest ever reported density for BaZrO3 ceramic demonstrating that C/M ratio of 1.5 represents that metal to cation ratio for which best chelation of citrates happen with nitrates resulting in the formation of dense BaZrO3 ceramics. A comparison of BaZrO pellet made by solid‐state synthesis technique yielded a low value of density of 97.5. Impedance spectroscopy measurements done on all BaZrO pellets yielded the lowest grain‐boundary resistance for the pellet made by the sol‐gel technique with C/M ratio of 1.5.
In situ polymerized Fe2O3@PPy/chitosan hydrogels as a hydratable skeleton for solar‐driven evaporation
Authors: Wang Jinping , Shamim Tariq , Arshad Naila , Irshad Muhammad Sultan , Mushtaq Muhammad Naveed , Zhang Chuankun , Yousaf Muhammad , Alshahrani Lina Abdullah , Akbar M. , Lu Yuzheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe world population is severely affected by water scarcity, and it is an alarming issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Seawater desalination by solar‐driven evaporation is a promising technique to produce clean water. However, it is energy intensive and directs to a low water yield under natural sunlight. Therefore, the developments of new photothermal materials can reduce required energy for desired evaporation rates for efficient freshwater yield. Indeed, chitosan and polypyrrole‐based polymers are natural cationic copolymers, and their nanocomposites present well deal of interest for hydrogel structures due to their hydratable skeletons, and solar‐absorbing nature. Here, we report in situ polymerized Fe2O3@PPy/chitosan hydrogels as lightweight evaporation structures for solar‐powered evaporation under brine solutions (3.5 wt%). The polymeric network of Fe2O3@PPy/chitosan hydrogels builds in cross‐linked macroporous water channels, self‐floating, and a wide range of omnidirectional solar absorption (96%). The state‐of‐the‐art evaporation experiments demonstrate an efficient evaporation rate of water (1.80 kg m–2 h–1) and enhanced solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency (91%) as compared to other carbon‐based evaporation structures, excluding heat losses under 1 kW m–2 (one sun). Of note, the ultra‐black hydrogel surface stored enough thermal energy (39.6°C) under one sun solar irradiance due to the cationic polymeric network of Fe2O3@PPy/chitosan. A single‐step process for a freshwater supply that has been purified from various contaminants shows the potential of this device for real‐world applications.