bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ship Design Optimization Framework Considering Future Uncertain Carbon Emission Regulations
Authors: Wei Qikun , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2022

In order to combat global climate change and reduce harmful emissions, various countries and International Maritime Organization (IMO) have issued and updated regulations that limit ship gas emissions. From a long-term perspective, more and more relevant regulations will be introduced for the development of green shipping. However, the uncertainty of policies poses a large challenge to ship design, especially early ship design. Without considering the uncertainty of policy, the ship design may have been excessive eco-friendly or under-eco-friendly in the long term, affecting the vessels in delivering value to key stakeholders throughout the lifecycle of the system.
This paper proposes a model to optimize the main design indicators of the ship to deal with the uncertainty associated with future environmental regulations and to ensure that the economic performance of the ship can still maintain market competitiveness. The optimization model is mainly composed of three parts, namely, the uncertainty prediction model of environmental regulation trends, the evaluation of the economic performance of the ship design and the modeling of the ship. Among them, the regulation uncertainty prediction model proposes a new ship emission indicator based on the current regulations, considering that the current regulations are facing unforeseen changes. The regulations trend simulation is loosely based on a Jump-diffusion process and then add bounds to create an uncertain environmental regulations scenario by using extrapolation. The proposed method is used to simulate the future regulation trends in a range to provide advice for designers when design freedom is still high. This framework optimizes the comprehensive economic performance of the ship that includes ship cost and total annual cost including the fuel cost of main engines, in-transit cargo inventory cost and non-fuel vessel operating cost etc.The early stage design of a container ship is used as a verification case to prove that the model can deal with the impact of regulation uncertainty effectively.
The Network Block Approach Applied to the Initial Design of Submarine Distributed Ship Service Systems
Authors: Mukti Muhammad Hary , Pawling Rachel Jean , Andrews David 
Published: September 2022

The paper follows on from a recent IJME paper and summarises a new early stage ship design approach. This is termed the Network Block approach and merges the advantages of the UCL 3D physically based ship synthesis Design Building Block (DBB) approach and the Virginia Tech originated Architecture Flow Optimisation (AFO) method for distributed ship service systems (DS3). The approach has been applied to submarine DS3 design and utilises Qinetiq’s Paramarine CASD suite features and various frameworks. The proposed Network Block approach enables the development of a submarine concept design to different levels of granularities. These range from modelling individual spaces to locating various DS3 components and routings. The proposed approach also enables the designer to balance the energy demands of a set of distributed systems. This is done by performing a steady-state flow simulation and visualising the complexity of the submarine DS3 in a 3D multiplex network configuration. The potential benefits and limitations from such a 3D based physical and network synthesis are presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Network Block approach comparing it to previous applications of network theory which have been to surface ship design. It concludes that it would be possible to better estimate DS3 weight and space inputs to early stage submarine design and also enable radical submarine configurations and DS3 options to be reflected in early stage submarine design for better concept exploration and requirement elucidation. Finally, further work on the sensitivity of the approach to designer inputs will be addressed in future papers.
Wireless Channels in Shipboard Environments: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Chen Xin , Michelson David 
Published: September 2022

_
For most of the twentieth century, the vast majority of studies of wireless in shipboard environments focused on electromagnetic compatibility between the numerous antennas that are installed on the ship’s superstructure and the high power transmitters associated with them, often referred to as the topside environment. With the advent of short-range wireless data and sensor networks in the late 1990’s, researchers began to assess the nature of wireless propagation below decks and the potential role of wireless personal communications and wireless personal, local area, and sensor networks in shipboard environments. As expected, researchers found that the confined spaces below decks, with their numerous reflecting surfaces and bulkheads, severely attenuate and distort wireless signals and greatly complicate wireless system planning. Moreover, the propagation environment is highly variable and greatly affected by the opening and closing of watertight doors and loading or unloading of cargo and stores. The greatest challenges, however, are that the nature of wireless propagation aboard a given vessel is usually unknown until after the vessel is built and measurements can be performed, and current ship design guidelines and rulebooks offer no guidance concerning design for wireless system compatibility.
Here, we review progress in measurement and modeling of shipboard wireless propagation environments over the past twenty-five years with particular emphasis on their applicability to emerging 3GPP/5G and NextG wireless systems. We conclude that although past efforts offer useful insights concerning the physics of wireless propagation aboard ship, they are largely site-specific or anecdotal. As a result, their outcomes cannot yet cast in a form that can usefully contribute to either simulation or design of shipboard wireless networks. Further, although advances in wireless test and measurement technology have somewhat eased the task of conducting link-level measurements and assessing signal attenuation and distortion, such information is insufficient to support design of modern shipboard wireless networks. Accordingly, it seems likely that network performance data obtained from live networks will be as or perhaps even more important as link-level data obtained using lab-grade test and measurement equipment going forward. In response, we propose a modelling framework for shipboard wireless propagation that captures the role of propagation and channel models in simulation and design across the development life cycle (standards development, system development, and system deployment) and thereby overcomes many of the limitations of past work. We further propose a measurement framework for shipboard wireless propagation that captures the respective roles of the two approaches and suggests how such data can be usefully pooled or combined.
Permeable Volume – The Forgotten “Galaxy” in Ship Design
Authors: Vassalos Dracos , Atzampos George , Paterson Donald , Mauro Francesco 
Published: September 2022

Ships are designed on the basis of three basic objectives pertaining to ship performance, functionally and safety, all dictated by external shape, internal layout, deadweight, payload, permeable volume and their distributions. All, with the exception of one are calculated to extremely small tolerances and are subjected to rules and regulations that have been evolving for thousands of years. The exception, which is of the same magnitude as weight and buoyancy is the permeable volume, namely the internal free space in the ship hull and superstructure (available for flooding). Over the years, some generalised approximations have been adopted for principal ship spaces without differentiating between ship types, leading to gross approximations when calculating, in particular, ship damage stability and survivability. In the latter case, the amount and distribution of residual permeable volume (together with buoyancy and weight), dictate whether a ship may sink or capsize (buoyancy/stability). Yet, all is calculated to extreme accuracy whilst permeable volume and its distribution is calculated with naïve approximation. To demonstrate the impact of such approximations a passenger ship is considered in the paper, offering unique insight on the key influence of permeability on ship safety when considered as an option to reducing and controlling flooding risk.
A Multi-Level Approach to Flooding Risk Estimation of Passenger Ships
Authors: Vassalos Dracos , Paterson Donald , Mauro Francesco , Murphy Alistair , Ahmed Mujeeb , Michalec Romain , Boulougouris Evangelos 
Published: September 2022

Against the background of using the Index of Subdivision as reference to address the safety level of ships when damaged, following primarily collision incidents, the EC-funded FLARE project is making inroads towards a direct assessment of flooding risk, which is ship, operating environment, and ancient type specific by addressing all the underlying elements, using a two-level approach; level 1 being semi-empirical with risk models informed through a newly composed accident database and level 2 with flooding risk, in the form of Potential Loss of Life, calculated from first principles, using time-domain flooding simulation tools and evacuation analyses in pertinent emergencies. In addition to addressing all accident types and modes of loss, the FLARE framework and methodology target active and passive measures of risk prevention and control, hence with application potential to both new buildings and existing ships as well as facilitate real-time flooding risk evaluation for risk monitoring and effective control in emergencies. A key objective of the FLARE project is to provide the technical basis and a proposal for the revision of relevant IMO regulations towards a risk-based approach to contain and control flooding emergencies. The paper provides a complete example of one cruise ship and one RoPax where levels 1 and 2 of flooding risk evaluation is presented and discussed, leading to conclusions and recommendations for the way forward.
Pneumothorax in Preterm Neonates and Its Association with Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Darweesh Hoda Fahmi , Nassar Mohammed Abd-Ellatif , Tomy Mohamed Adel El , Mashad Abd El Rahman Mohamed El 
Published: September 2022

Background: Haemorrhage into the periventricular subependymal germinal matrix with subsequent extension into the ventricles (intraventricular haemorrhage) is one of the major complications in premature infants which continues to pose challenges in neonatal intensive care units worldwide. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that a pneumothorax increases the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature neonates.
Methods: This prospective study was carried out upon 40 premature neonates with pneumothorax. Patients were divided into two equal groups: group1: preterm neonates between 28-32 weeks gestation with pneumothorax and group2: preterm neonates between 32-36 weeks gestation with pneumothorax. All patients were subjected to laboratory investigations [complete blood count, C- reactive protein, arterial blood gases], head ultrasonography and plain x-ray.
Results: Birth weight, GA and MABP were significantly lower in the intraventricular haemorrhage group compared to normal group. There was statistically significant difference in mortality between both studied groups. RD was significantly higher in the intraventricular haemorrhage group compared to normal group.
Conclusions: Pneumothorax in preterm neonates was associated with increase occurrence and severity of Intraventricular Haemorrhage. Our study shows that pneumothorax can induce IVH in neonates with gestational age less than 32 weeks and birth weight less than 1000 g. These severe degrees of intraventricular haemorrhage have been associated with early mortality.
Frequency of Ventricular Septal Rupture in Patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ali Aijaz , Mal Vashu , Ahmed Rameez , Memon Farhan , Lalchand . , Faizan Muhammad , Shaikh Naveed Ahmed , Yasir Muhammad , Tariq Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of ventricular septal rupture in patients of acute myocardial infarction presented at the adult cardiology department of National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Karachi.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi, Pakistan for a period of six months. A total of 384 patients with acute myocardial Infarction diagnosed within 4 weeks duration were included in this study. ECG and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was formed. Patients were followed for 7 days and the study outcome. Data was collected on a pre-designed structured questionnaire.
Results: The average age of the patients was 54.40±7.99 years. Frequency of ventricular septal rupture in patients of acute myocardial infarction was observed in 1.3% (5/384) in which defect in Inter ventricular septum was observed in 60%, Evidence of left-to-right shunt 40%.
Conclusion: Our study revealed a ventricular septal rupture (VSR) rate of 1.3%. The study further revealed a correlation between smoking and rate of VSR.A multidisciplinary team of researchers must work together to develop a plan that is specific to each patient.
Commonness and Risk Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infections among Inmates of Port Harcourt Children’s Home
Authors: Amudatu Adedokun Ambali , Kingsley Elele , Barine Gboeloh LeBari 
Published: September 2022

Background: Gastrointestinal parasites are important health problems among most societies.
Objectives: Prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites among inmates of Port Harcourt children home.
Methods: This prospective study was carried out in August and September 2019 at the Port Harcourt children home. Fecal samples were collected from 63 healthy looking inmates and examined macroscopically and microscopically (using normal saline and iodine wet mount, formalin-ether sedimentation and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining) methods. Finally, data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square (X2) test.
Results: Result showed that 74.6% (47/63) of the female and 25.4% (16/63) of the male tested positive for GIPs. Age group 11-15 years had prevalence of 17(44.8%). The common parasites identified were A. lumbricoides 10(15.9%), T. trichiura 7(11.1%) and hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale) 2(3.2%). The educational level prevalence of 10(52.6%) was observed among the primary level (p<0.05). The risk factors such as: the use of drug in the last three months, hand washing with soap after using the toilet and washing of hands after contact with soil had significance of p<0.05 while putting on foot wear outside the house p>0.05.
Conclusion: The distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections is high among the children. Necessary treatment intervention safety measures should be routinely carried out to reduce the spread to zero tolerance.
Adaptive Quadrature
Authors: Duron Christina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Adaptive quadrature is a powerful tool for numerical integration and involves a careful selection of the points where the integrand
f
(
x
) is evaluated such that the approximation to the definite integral is within some specified error tolerance. After motivating the need for adaptive quadrature by providing a brief overview of numerical quadrature, the basic principles of adaptive quadrature are introduced. The most well‐known adaptive quadrature method, adaptive Simpson rule, is presented with an accompanying example before concluding with a discussion and extension of the example to another widely used adaptive method, Gauss–Kronrod quadrature.
Use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to assess a case of spinal injury in a Showa koi Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Torpy Fred J. , Comolli Jessica R. , Gendron Karine P. , Armwood Abigail R. , Camus Alvin C. , Kehoe Spencer P. , Divers Stephen J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
A privately owned, 4-year-old female Showa koi (ornamental variant of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio) was presented for erratic swimming, air gasping, water spitting, and abnormal orientation in the water column. Initial physical examination revealed an obese patient with no external abnormalities except a small plaque localized to filaments on a right gill hemibranch.

Methods
The fish was anesthetized using AQUI-S 20E (10% eugenol solution) at 50 mg/L to facilitate diagnostic evaluation. Biopsy of the gill lesion yielded no significant findings. Whole-body computed tomography confirmed an excess of adipose tissue and mild scoliosis, with narrowing of the 10th–11th intervertebral space. A weight loss plan and need for repeat assessment were recommended.

Result
The patient's original abnormal behaviors resolved over the following weeks, but it subsequently became hyporexic and depressed. Full-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive alteration of vertebral centra, with multifocal compression of the spinal cord. Due to the patient's declining clinical condition and the grave prognosis based on MRI findings, the patient was humanely euthanized.

Conclusion
Postmortem examination showed severe transmural myelomalacia associated with a vertebral subluxation. This case demonstrates the practical application of advanced cross-sectional imaging that has not been commonly afforded to fish or other lower vertebrates.
Region‐of‐interest intra‐arc MV imaging to facilitate sub‐mm positional accuracy with minimal imaging dose during treatment deliveries of small cranial lesions
Authors: Church Cody , Parsons David , Syme Alasdair 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeTo automate the generation of region‐of‐interest (ROI) apertures for use with megavoltage imaging for online positional corrections during cranial stereotactic radiosurgery.Materials and methodsDigitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) were created for a 3D‐printed skull phantom at 5 degree gantry angle increments for a three‐arc beam arrangement. At each angle, 3000 random rectangular apertures were generated, and 100 shifts on a grid were applied to the anatomy within the frame. For all shifts, the mutual information (MI) between the shifted and unshifted DRR was calculated to derive an average MI gradient. The top 10% of apertures that minimized registration errors were overlaid and discretely thresholded to generate imaging plans. Imaging was acquired with the skull while implementing simulated patient motion on a linac. Control point‐specific couch motions were derived to align the skull to its planned positioning.ResultsApertures with a range of repositioning errors less than 0.1 mm possessed a 42% larger average MI gradient when compared with apertures with a range greater than 1 mm. Dose calculations with Monte Carlo exhibited an 84% reduction in the dose received by 50% of the skull with the 50% thresholded plan when compared to a constant 22 × 22 cm2 imaging plan. For all different imaging plans (with and without motion), the calculated median 3D‐errors with respect to the tracking of a metal‐BB fiducial positioned at isocenter in the skull were sub‐mm except for the 80% thresholded plan.ConclusionsSub‐mm positional errors are achievable with couch motions derived from control point–specific ROI imaging. Smaller apertures that conform to an anatomical ROI can be utilized to minimize the imaging dose incurred at the expense of larger errors.
An Acellular Scaffold Facilitates Endometrial Regeneration and Fertility Restoration via Recruiting Endogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Xin Liaobing , Zheng Xiaowen , Chen Jianmin , Hu Sentao , Luo Yilun , Ge Qunzi , Jin Xiaoying , Ma Lie , Zhang Songying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSevere intrauterine adhesions (IUAs), characterized by inadequate endometrial repair and fibrosis, can lead to infertility. Stem cell‐based therapies, which deliver mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the wound site, hold a considerable promise for endometrium regeneration. However, some notable hurdles, such as stemness loss, immunogenicity, low retention and survival rate, limit their clinical application. Evidence shows a strategy of mobilizing endogenous MSCs recruitment can overcome the traditional limitations of exogenous stem cell‐based therapies. Here, an acellular biomaterial named stromal derived factor‐1 alpha (SDF‐1α)/E7‐modified collagen scaffold (CES) is explored. CES based on harnessing the innate regenerative potential of the body enables near‐complete endometrium regeneration and fertility restoration both in a rat endometrium acute damage model and a rat IUA model. Mechanistically, the CES implantation promotes endogenous MSCs recruitment via a macrophage‐coordinated strategy; then the homing MSCs exert the function of immunomodulation and altered local microenvironments toward regeneration. To conclude, CES, which can harness endogenous MSCs and overcome the traditional limitations of cell‐based therapies, can serve as a clinically feasible and cell‐free strategy with high therapeutic efficiency for IUA treatment.
A Unique NiOOH@FeOOH Heteroarchitecture for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution in Saline Water
Authors: Wu Bin , Gong Shun , Lin Yichao , Li Tao , Chen Anyang , Zhao Mengyuan , Zhang Qiuju , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe development of highly efficient non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in low‐grade or saline water is currently of great importance for the large‐scale production of hydrogen. In this study, by using an electrochemical activation pretreatment, metal oxy(hydroxide) nanosheet structures derived from self‐supported nickel–iron phosphide and nitride nanoarrays grown on Ni foam are successfully fabricated for OER catalysis in saline water. It is demonstrated that the different NiOOH and NiOOH@FeOOH (NiOOH grown on FeOOH) structures are generated from nickel–iron nitride and phosphide, respectively, after electrochemical activation. In particular, the NiOOH@FeOOH heteroarchitecture shows outstanding electrocatalytic performance with an ultralow overpotential of 292 mV to drive the current density of 500 mA cm−2. An unconventional dual‐sites mechanism (UDSM) is proposed to address the OER process on NiOOH@FeOOH and show that the FeOOH underlayer plays a critical role regarding the enhanced OER activity of NiOOH. The new possible UDSM involving two reaction sites presents a different understanding of the OER process on multi‐OH layer complexes, which is expected to guide the design of heteroarchitecture electrocatalysts.
Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Prepared by Rapid Electrophoretic Deposition
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhou Yisa , Zhang Ya , Xue Jian , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a disruptive material platform for various novel applications including nanofiltration for water purification due to their excellent physicochemical features. Nevertheless, the currently available approaches for preparing COF membranes need stringent synthesis conditions, prolonged fabrication time, and tedious post‐processing, leading to poor productivity. Herein, a simple and efficient layer‐by‐layer stacking assembly strategy is developed based on electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to rapidly generate ionic COF membranes due to the uniform driving force for nanosheet assembly. A new two‐cell EPD design avoids the usual EPD problems such as bubbles and acidic/alkaline microenvironments in the near‐electrode region in aqueous EPD processes. Ultrathin COF membranes with homogenous structures can be produced within several minutes. Consequently, the prepared COF membranes exhibit outstanding permselectivity and possess good stability and anti‐pressure ability due to their uniform architecture and unique chemical composition.