bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Composite Lithium Anodes Enabled by Electronic/Ionic Dual‐Conductive Paths for Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Zuguang , Li Min , Lu Guanjie , Wang Yumei , Wei Jie , Hu Xiaolin , Li Zongyang , Li Penghua , Xu Chaohe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) promise high energy density and high safety by employing high‐capacity Li metal anode and solid‐state electrolytes. However, the construction of the composite Li metal electrode is a neglected but important subject when the extensive research focuses on the interface between the solid electrolyte Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 and Li metal anode. Here, an electronic–ionic conducting composite Li metal anode consisting of Li–Al alloy and LiF is constructed to achieve the stable electronic–ionic transport channel and the intimate interface contact, which can realize the uniform Li deposition and the efficiency utilization of lithium in composite Li metal electrode. Therefore, the symmetric battery with composite Li metal electrode exhibits the high critical current density with 1.2 mA cm−2 and stable cycle for 1500 h at 0.3 mA cm−2, 25 °C. Moreover, the SSLMBs matched with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 achieve the outstanding electrochemical performance, verifying the feasibility of composite Li metal electrode in various SSLMBs systems.
Structural Modifications as Tools in Mechanistic Studies of the Cleavage of RNA Phosphodiester Linkages
Authors: Lönnberg Harri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe cleavage of RNA phosphodiester bonds by RNase A and hammerhead ribozyme at neutral pH fundamentally differs from the spontaneous reactions of these bonds under the same conditions. While the predominant spontaneous reaction is isomerization of the 3',5'‐phosphodiester linkages to their 2',5'‐counterparts, this reaction has never been reported to compete with the enzymatic cleavage reaction, not even as a minor side reaction. Comparative kinetic measurements with structurally modified di‐nucleoside monophosphates and oligomeric phosphodiesters have played an important role in clarification of mechanistic details of the buffer‐independent and buffer‐catalyzed reactions. More recently, heavy atom isotope effects and theoretical calculations have refined the picture. The primary aim of all these studies has been to form a solid basis for mechanistic analyses of the action of more complicated catalytic machineries. In other words, to contribute to conception of a plausible unified picture of RNA cleavage by biocatalysts, such as RNAse A, hammerhead ribozyme and DNAzymes. In addition, structurally modified trinucleoside monophosphates as transition state models for Group I and II introns have clarified some features of the action of large ribozymes.
The magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality and risk factors in smallholder farms across livestock production systems in central Ethiopia
Authors: Yitagesu Erdachew , Fentie Tsegaw , Kebede Nigatu , Jackson Wendi , Smith Woutrina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCalf morbidity and mortality are major constraints in Ethiopian cattle production that severely limit available replacement stock. Calf morbidity and mortality reports in Ethiopia mostly focus on market‐oriented dairy production systems. A cross‐sectional study was undertaken in central Ethiopia with the objectives of estimating the magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality across three production systems and contributing risk factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at pastoral, mixed‐crop livestock, and dairy farms in central Ethiopia from February 2019 to June 2019 to collect 1‐year retrospective and cross‐sectional data on calf morbidity and mortality from smallholder farmers using a structured questionnaire.ResultsA total of 293 smallholder farmers were involved in the study. Among the households interviewed, 83% of respondents encountered feed shortages in the year prior to this study. The overall annual calf morbidity prevalence and mortality rate were 6.49% (95% CI: 4.87–8.44) and 10% (95% CI: 8.28–11.93), respectively. Morbidity was higher in Dalocha and Sululta districts in mixed crop‐livestock and peri‐urban production systems, respectively. Logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors indicated that calf morbidity was associated with the calf and dam body condition score (BCS). Calves with BCS of 3 (medium) were less likely to be morbid (odds ratio [OR]: 0.20 [95% CI: 0.07–0.56]) than calves with BCS of 1 (emaciated), and calves born from dams with a body condition score of 2 (thin) were also at lower risk (OR: 0.25 [95% CI: 0.07–0.95]) than calves born from emaciated dams. The odds of calf mortality in Awash Fentale district were higher (OR: 6.19 [95% CI: 2.09–18.32]) compared to Sululta district.ConclusionsThe study results revealed that the production system and management affect the magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality. We recommend improving water and feed access and resources for livestock owners to reduce calf morbidity and mortality.
Interaction of Conditional Incentives for Ecosystem Conservation with Tenure Security: Multiple Roles for Tenure Interventions
Authors: Monterroso Iliana , Sills Erin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of tenure in conditional incentives for ecosystem conservation, often known as PES or payment for ecosystem services. PES systems that mimic market exchange require that resource tenure be clear and uncontested. In practice, there are different levels of conditionality in PES and different types of tenure challenges. REDD+, or Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, was initially conceived as a PES system embedded in a global exchange of carbon credits, thus requiring secure forest tenure. We examine one global initiative to achieve that, the Dedicated Grant Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Cases in Peru and Indonesia illustrate how tenure interventions can both enable implementation of conditional incentives and become part of those incentives.
Strategies for Securing Tenure: The Promise and Pitfalls of Formalization
Authors: Holland Margaret B. , Diop Moustapha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore land formalization as a primary mechanism for strengthening land tenure security, initially through an exploration of post-colonial and post-independence large-scale land titling efforts in the Global South. We then explore some common assumptions tied to land formalization, its relationship with tenure security, and how it has reached a current position of prominence on global sustainability agendas. Finally, we discuss the newest generation of efforts to develop more geographically targeted approaches to land formalization, often focusing on the lands of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, to increase tenure security, improve livelihoods, and safeguard ecosystems. We see formalization as remaining an important component of the land tenure security toolbox, but the way it is approached and implemented requires constant reassessment and innovation.
Emerging Research Needs and Policy Priorities for Advancing Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development
Authors: Masuda Yuta J. , Robinson Brian E. , Holland Margaret B. , Tseng Tzu-Wei Joy , Frechette Alain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs research and policies around securing tenure for people across the world grows, we have a deeper understanding of what works and what does not. Here, we draw attention to contemporary evidence gaps that continue to hinder efforts to strengthen land tenure security (LTS) for sustainable development. We also highlight areas ripe for policy testing and innovation and discuss promising pathways for advancing research and practice for LTS.
People-Land Relationships on the Path to Sustainable Food Security
Authors: Childress Malcolm , Choudhury Pranab , Sanjak Jolyne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLand tenure security is one driver of success in sustainable agriculture for food security. Here, we review the global rhetoric and evidence trends and map the evidence against both Sustainable Development Goal 2 and the World Food Program definition of Food Security. We recognize how conflict, impacts of climate change, and large-scale land-based investments interact over time with local land tenure, resulting in consequences for sustainable agriculture and food security. We look more closely at these interlinked challenges in South Asia, which has the highest concentration of extreme poverty, hunger, and malnutrition, and focusing in particular on India to highlight emergent lessons from a program that supports small farmers in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal in the context of climate change.
Systemic Risk and Resilience: The Bronze Age Collapse and Recovery
Authors: Kemp Luke , Cline Eric H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter we apply the concepts of resilience theory and systemic risk to the Bronze Age Collapse. We contend that this was a case of synchronous failures driven by both long-term trends in interconnectedness and inequality, as well as external shocks such as climate change, warfare (including from hostile migration), rebellion, and earthquakes. This set off a chain reaction as the loss of key cities destabilised the trade-network and undermined state revenue, leading to further rebellion, migration, and warfare. Eventually, enough cities were destroyed to undermine the economic, cultural, and political fabric that held the Bronze Age together. Many states recovered and displayed resilience through the Bronze Age systems collapse. No two states were alike in their resilience. The Neo-Assyrians persisted by moving from a strategy of trade to conquest. The surviving Hittites in northern Syria, in contrast, relied on the modularity of their semi-feudal structure. Systemic risk and resilience are helpful lens for viewing the Bronze Age collapse and recovery, as well as taking lessons for the modern globalised world. It at least provides historical grounds for believing that synchronous failures can happen and can be lethal to states.
The Short- and Long-Term Effects of an Early Medieval Pandemic
Authors: Eisenberg Merle , Mordechai Lee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article examines short- and long-term governmental policy responses to the effects of the Justinianic Plague (c. 541–750 CE). While many studies have linked the Justinianic Plague to significant changes across all sectors of life, they overlook how states responded to the pandemic’s impact at different temporal scales—from immediate reactions to medium term politics. First, we discuss the immediate state responses to the initial outbreak in Constantinople in 542 at a micro-scale, which included measures to bury large numbers of dead. Second, we investigate the effects over a five-year time frame following the first outbreak to understand how the state responded to potential impacts through fiscal and economic policies. And, third, we reflect upon the post-five year changes scholars often connect to the plague outbreak to reveal the deep difficulties in making in such linkages.
Eastward Migration in European History: The Interplay of Economic and Environmental Opportunities
Authors: Guzowski Piotr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the preindustrial era one of the major migration waves headed eastward to Eastern Europe, where scores of migrants, in their pursuit of happiness, hoped to fulfil their dreams, have their own farm or set up a company, achieve a higher social status, and benefit from religious freedom and tolerance. The first wave of migration was connected with German colonization and the establishment of settlements following the German law. The alluringly large expanses of “pristine” land, together with tax privileges and the prospects of relative autonomy, attracted scores of bold, enterprising and hard-working settlers to relocate to the East. Most of them were peasants and townsfolk from the German states and the Netherlands, but there were also Jews escaping discrimination in Western Europe as well as West-European Protestants and Catholics attracted by religious tolerance in the East. Prospects of freedom and economic success encouraged them all to choose Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as their second homeland.
The SODALITE Model-Driven Approach
Authors: Gorroñogoitia Jesús , Radolović Dragan , Vasileiou Zoe , Meditskos Georgios , Karakostas Anastasios , Vrochidis Stefanos , Bachras Michail 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe specification of deployment topologies for complex applications distributed across multiple heterogeneous infrastructures is a difficult process that encompasses multiple modeling tasks, engaging several actors, including application ops experts, resource experts on the specification of the target infrastructure resources, quality experts on the application optimization, and application administrators on the deployment governance. SODALITE proposes a novel infrastructure as a code (IaC) modeling framework that provides a model driven engineering approach for the authoring of application- and infrastructure-level specifications, realizing an instantiation of an infrastructure as a code (IaC) modeling framework. This chapter introduces the SODALITE IDE and the IaC services. The IDE enables SODALITE expert roles to model (conforming to the SODALITE DSMLs) and generate IaC artefacts facilitating the app deployment. Experts are assisted in the modeling phase by the semantic knowledge inference and validation capabilities of a Knowledge Base (KB), which is populated with IaC descriptions for resources semi-automatically discovered from target heterogeneous infrastructures. The IDE leverages the SODALITE IaC services for automatic target image preparation and IaC artifacts generation upon deployment.
Arbeitsforschung im Forschungsschwerpunkt „Zukunft der Arbeit: Mittelstand – innovativ und sozial“
Authors: Brandl Christopher , Müller Mattia , Steireif Niklas , Johnen Laura , Pascoe Clarissa , Frenz Martin , Nitsch Verena 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung, der demografische und soziale Wandel sowie die Globalisierung haben umfassende Auswirkungen auf die Arbeit und Wertschöpfung in Deutschland. Der Arbeitsforschung kommt damit eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Mit den speziellen Herausforderungen für Unternehmen des Mittelstandes befasst sich die Arbeitsforschung im Forschungsschwerpunkt „Zukunft der Arbeit: Mittelstand – innovativ und sozial“ des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung. Dieser Beitrag systematisiert die Arbeitsforschung im Forschungsschwerpunkt anhand der erforschten Konzepte und Werkzeuge der Arbeitsgestaltung und -organisation von 26 Verbundprojekten. Hierfür werden zunächst der Forschungsschwerpunkt und das Vorgehen bei der Datenerhebung vorgestellt. Die Auswertung der Ergebnisse erfolgt anhand von fünf Leitfragen. Der Beitrag schließt ab mit einer Diskussion, in der die Ergebnisse u. a. anhand aktueller Entwicklungen in der Arbeitsforschung reflektiert werden.
Search for axion(-like) particles in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Yang Yi , Lin Cheng-Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We propose a novel way to search for axion(-like) particles in heavy-ion collisions using prompt photons as the probe and the property of conversion between photon and axion(-like) particles under a strong magnetic field generated in the non-central collisions. The expected result reveals that a new phase space region of the coupling constant for photon and axion(-like) particles can be covered in the future high energy nuclear colliders.
Increased H3K27 trimethylation contributes to cone survival in a mouse model of cone dystrophy
Authors: Miller Annie L. , Fuller-Carter Paula I. , Masarini Klaudija , Samardzija Marijana , Carter Kim W. , Rashwan Rabab , Lim Xin Ru , Brunet Alicia A. , Chopra Abha , Ram Ramesh , Grimm Christian , Ueffing Marius , Carvalho Livia S. , Trifunović Dragana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a heterogeneous group of blinding disorders, which result in dysfunction or death of the light-sensing cone and rod photoreceptors. Despite individual IRDs (Inherited retinal disease) being rare, collectively, they affect up to 1:2000 people worldwide, causing a significant socioeconomic burden, especially when cone-mediated central vision is affected. This study uses the Pde6ccpfl1 mouse model of achromatopsia, a cone-specific vision loss IRD (Inherited retinal disease), to investigate the potential gene-independent therapeutic benefits of a histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 on cone cell survival. We investigated the effects of GSK-J4 treatment on cone cell survival in vivo and ex vivo and changes in cone-specific gene expression via single-cell RNA sequencing. A single intravitreal GSK-J4 injection led to transcriptional changes in pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, among other key epigenetic pathways, highlighting the complex interplay between methylation and acetylation in healthy and diseased cones. Furthermore, continuous administration of GSK-J4 in retinal explants increased cone survival. Our results suggest that IRD (Inherited retinal disease)-affected cones respond positively to epigenetic modulation of histones, indicating the potential of this approach in developing a broad class of novel therapies to slow cone degeneration.
Human cytosolic transaminases: side activities and patterns of discrimination towards physiologically available alternative substrates
Authors: Caligiore Francesco , Zangelmi Erika , Vetro Carola , Kentache Takfarinas , Dewulf Joseph P. , Veiga-da-Cunha Maria , Van Schaftingen Emile , Bommer Guido , Peracchi Alessio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransaminases play key roles in central metabolism, transferring the amino group from a donor substrate to an acceptor. These enzymes can often act, with low efficiency, on compounds different from the preferred substrates. To understand what might have shaped the substrate specificity of this class of enzymes, we examined the reactivity of six human cytosolic transaminases towards amino acids whose main degradative pathways do not include any transamination. We also tested whether sugars and sugar phosphates could serve as alternative amino group acceptors for these cytosolic enzymes. Each of the six aminotransferases reacted appreciably with at least three of the alternative amino acid substrates in vitro, albeit at usually feeble rates. Reactions with L-Thr, L-Arg, L-Lys and L-Asn were consistently very slow—a bias explained in part by the structural differences between these amino acids and the preferred substrates of the transaminases. On the other hand, L-His and L-Trp reacted more efficiently, particularly with GTK (glutamine transaminase K; also known as KYAT1). This points towards a role of GTK in the salvage of L-Trp (in cooperation with ω-amidase and possibly with the cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, MDH1, which efficiently reduced the product of L-Trp transamination). Finally, the transaminases were extremely ineffective at utilizing sugars and sugar derivatives, with the exception of the glycolytic intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate, which was slowly but appreciably transaminated by some of the enzymes to yield serinol phosphate. Evidence for the formation of this compound in a human cell line was also obtained. We discuss the biological and evolutionary implications of our results.
Convergence of thin vibrating rods to a linear beam equation
Authors: Abels Helmut , Ameismeier Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe show that solutions for a specifically scaled nonlinear wave equation of nonlinear elasticity converge to solutions of a linear Euler–Bernoulli beam system. We construct an approximation of the solution, using a suitable asymptotic expansion ansatz based upon solutions to the one-dimensional beam equation. Following this, we derive the existence of appropriately scaled initial data and can bound the difference between the analytical solution and the approximating sequence.
Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement is associated with significant improvement in early patient reported outcomes: analysis of 4963 cases from the UK non-arthroplasty registry (NAHR) dataset
Authors: Holleyman Richard , Sohatee Mark Andrew , Lyman Stephen , Malviya Ajay , Khanduja Vikas ,   NAHR User Group, Bankes Marcus J. K. , Andrade Tony , Board Tim , Conroy Jonathon , Wilson Matthew , McBryde Callum 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Results from recent randomised controlled trials demonstrate the superiority of surgery over physiotherapy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) of the hip in early follow-up. However, there is paucity of evidence regarding which factors influence outcomes of FAI surgery, particularly notable is the lack of information on the effect of impingement subtype (cam or pincer or mixed) on patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs). This study aims to evaluate the early outcomes of hip arthroscopy for FAI, and their determinants.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the UK Non-Arthroplasty Hip Registry (NAHR) of patients undergoing arthroscopic intervention for FAI between 2012 and 2019. The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in PROMs, based on morphological subtype of FAI treated or patient characteristics, at each follow-up timepoint. The outcome measures used for the study were the iHOT-12 score and the EQ5D Index and VAS 6- and 12-month follow-up.

Results
A cohort of 4963 patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment of FAI were identified on the NAHR database. For all FAI pathology groups, there was significant improvement from pre-operative PROMs when compared to those at 6 and 12 months. Overall, two-thirds of patients achieved the minimum clinically important difference (MCID), and almost half achieved substantial clinical benefit (SCB) for iHOT-12 by 12 months. Pre-operatively, and at 12-month follow-up, iHOT-12 scores were significantly poorer in the pincer group compared to the cam and mixed pathology groups (p < 0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed PROMS improvement in the setting of a higher-grade cartilage lesion.

Conclusion
This registry study demonstrates that hip arthroscopy is an effective surgical treatment for patients with symptomatic FAI and results in a statistically significant improvement in PROMs which are maintained through 12 months follow-up.

Level of evidence
III.