bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates T Follicular Helper Cell Responses to Influenza Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Houser Cassandra L , Lawrence B Paige 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells support Ab responses and are a critical component of adaptive immune responses to respiratory viral infections. Tfh cells are regulated by a network of signaling pathways that are controlled, in part, by transcription factors. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environment-sensing transcription factor that modulates many aspects of adaptive immunity by binding a range of small molecules. However, the contribution of AHR signaling to Tfh cell differentiation and function is not known. In this article, we report that AHR activation by three different agonists reduced the frequency of Tfh cells during primary infection of C57BL/6 mice with influenza A virus (IAV). Further, using the high-affinity and AHR-specific agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, we show that AHR activation reduced Tfh cell differentiation and T cell–dependent B cell responses. Using conditional AHR knockout mice, we demonstrated that alterations of Tfh cells and T cell–dependent B cell responses after AHR activation required the AHR in T cells. AHR activation reduced the number of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells; however, the ratio of Tfr to Tfh cells was amplified. These alterations to Tfh and Tfr cells during IAV infection corresponded with differences in expression of BCL6 and FOXP3 in CD4+ T cells and required the AHR to have a functional DNA-binding domain. Overall, these findings support that the AHR modulates Tfh cells during viral infection, which has broad-reaching consequences for understanding how environmental factors contribute to variation in immune defenses against infectious pathogens, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
Identification of RPL15 60S Ribosomal Protein as a Novel Topotecan Target Protein That Correlates with DAMP Secretion and Antitumor Immune Activation
Authors: Yamada Shunsuke , Kitai Yuichi , Tadokoro Takashi , Takahashi Runa , Shoji Haruka , Maemoto Taiga , Ishiura Marie , Muromoto Ryuta , Kashiwakura Jun-ichi , Ishii Ken J , Maenaka Katsumi , Kawai Taro , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) contribute to antitumor immunity during cancer chemotherapy. We previously demonstrated that topotecan (TPT), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, induces DAMP secretion from cancer cells, which activates STING-mediated antitumor immune responses. However, how TPT induces DAMP secretion in cancer cells is yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified RPL15, a 60S ribosomal protein, as a novel TPT target and showed that TPT inhibited preribosomal subunit formation via its binding to RPL15, resulting in the induction of DAMP-mediated antitumor immune activation independent of TOP1. TPT inhibits RPL15–RPL4 interactions and decreases RPL4 stability, which is recovered by CDK12 activity. RPL15 knockdown induced DAMP secretion and increased the CTL population but decreased the regulatory T cell population in a B16-F10 murine melanoma model, which sensitized B16-F10 tumors against PD-1 blockade. Our study identified a novel TPT target protein and showed that ribosomal stress is a trigger of DAMP secretion, which contributes to antitumor immunotherapy.
STAT3 Activates the Pentraxin 3 Gene in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Rozovski Uri , Veletic Ivo , Harris David M , Li Ping , Liu Zhiming , Jain Preetesh , Manshouri Taghi , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Burger Jan A , Bose Prithviraj , Thompson Phillip A , Jain Nitin , Wierda William G , Verstovsek Srdan , Keating Michael J , Estrov Zeev 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pentraxin-related protein 3 (PTX3), commonly produced by myeloid and endothelial cells, is a humoral pattern recognition protein of the innate immune system. Because PTX3 plasma levels of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are high and most circulating cells in patients with CLL are CLL cells, we reasoned that CLL cells produce PTX3. Western immunoblotting revealed that low-density cells from seven of seven patients with CLL produce high levels of PTX3, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the PTX3-producing cells are B lymphocytes coexpressing CD19 and CD5, and confocal microscopy showed that PTX3 is present in the cytoplasm of CLL cells. Because STAT3 is constitutively activated in CLL cells, and because we identified putative STAT3 binding sites within the PTX3 gene promoter, we postulated that phosphorylated STAT3 triggers transcriptional activation of PTX3. Immunoprecipitation analysis of CLL cells’ chromatin fragments showed that STAT3 Abs precipitated PTX3 DNA. STAT3 knockdown induced a marked reduction in PTX3 expression, indicating a STAT3-induced transcriptional activation of the PTX3 gene in CLL cells. Using an EMSA, we established and used a dual-reporter luciferase assay to confirm that STAT3 binds the PTX3 gene promoter. Downregulation of PTX3 enhanced apoptosis of CLL cells, suggesting that inhibition of PTX3 might benefit patients with CLL.
T-bet+ B cells Dominate the Peritoneal Cavity B Cell Response during Murine Intracellular Bacterial Infection
Authors: Newell Krista L , Cox Justin , Waickman Adam T , Wilmore Joel R , Winslow Gary M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
T-bet+ B cells have emerged as a major B cell subset associated with both protective immunity and immunopathogenesis. T-bet is a transcription factor associated with the type I adaptive immune response to intracellular pathogens, driving an effector program characterized by the production of IFN-γ. Murine infection with the intracellular bacterium, Ehrlichia muris, generates protective extrafollicular T cell–independent T-bet+ IgM-secreting plasmablasts, as well as T-bet+ IgM memory cells. Although T-bet is a signature transcription factor for this subset, it is dispensable for splenic CD11c+ memory B cell development, but not for class switching to IgG2c. In addition to the T-bet+ plasmablasts found in the spleen, we show that Ab-secreting cells can also be found within the mouse peritoneal cavity; these cells, as well as their CD138− counterparts, also expressed T-bet. A large fraction of the T-bet+ peritoneal B cells detected during early infection were highly proliferative and expressed CXCR3 and CD11b, but, unlike in the spleen, they did not express CD11c. T-bet+ CD11b+ memory B cells were the dominant B cell population in the peritoneal cavity at 30 d postinfection, and although they expressed high levels of T-bet, they did not require B cell–intrinsic T-bet expression for their generation. Our data uncover a niche for T-bet+ B cells within the peritoneal cavity during intracellular bacterial infection, and they identify this site as a reservoir for T-bet+ B cell memory.
Clonotypic IgH Response against Systemic Viral infection in Pronephros and Spleen of a Teleost Fish
Authors: Castro Rosario , Magadán Susana , Jouneau Luc , Mhana Vanessa , Pham Hang-Phuong , Mariotti-Ferrandiz Encarnita , Six Adrien , Huetz François , Boudinot Pierre 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Upon infection, B lymphocytes develop clonal responses. In teleost fish, which lack lymph nodes, the kinetics and location of B cell responses remain poorly characterized. Fish pronephros is the site of B cell differentiation and the main niche for persistence of plasma cells. In this study, we undertook the analysis of the rainbow trout IgHμ repertoire in this critical tissue for humoral adaptive immunity after primary immunization and boost with a rhabdovirus, the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). We used a barcoded 5′ RACE-cDNA sequencing approach to characterize modifications of the IgHμ repertoire, including VH usage in expressed V(D)J rearrangements, clonal diversity, and clonotype sharing between individual fish and treatments. In the pronephros, our approach quantified the clonotype frequency across the whole IgH repertoire (i.e., with all VH), measuring the frequency of Ag-responding clonotypes. Viral infection led to extensive modifications of the pronephros B cell repertoire, implicating several VH subgroups after primary infection. In contrast, only modest changes in repertoire persisted 5 mo later, including VHSV-specific public expansions. The IgM public response implicating IgHV1-18 and JH5, previously described in spleen, was confirmed in pronephros in all infected fish, strongly correlated to the response. However, the distribution of top clonotypes showed that pronephros and spleen B cells constitute distinct compartments with different IgH repertoires. Unexpectedly, after boost, the frequency of anti-VHSV clonotypes decreased both in pronephros and spleen, raising questions about B cell circulation. A better monitoring of B cell response kinetics in lymphoid tissues will be an essential step to understand B memory and plasmocyte formation mechanisms in fish.
Lupus Susceptibility Loci Predispose Mice to Clonal Lymphocytic Responses and Myeloid Expansion
Authors: Akama-Garren Elliot H , Carroll Michael C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lupus susceptibility results from the combined effects of numerous genetic loci, but the contribution of these loci to disease pathogenesis has been difficult to study due to the large cellular heterogeneity of the autoimmune immune response. We performed single-cell RNA, BCR, and TCR sequencing of splenocytes from mice with multiple polymorphic lupus susceptibility loci. We not only observed lymphocyte and myeloid expansion, but we also characterized changes in subset frequencies and gene expression, such as decreased CD8 and marginal zone B cells and increased Fcrl5- and Cd5l-expressing macrophages. Clonotypic analyses revealed expansion of B and CD4 clones, and TCR repertoires from lupus-prone mice were distinguishable by algorithmic specificity prediction and unsupervised machine learning classification. Myeloid differential gene expression, metabolism, and altered ligand–receptor interaction were associated with decreased Ag presentation. This dataset provides novel mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of a spontaneous model of lupus, highlighting potential therapeutic targets for autoantibody-mediated disease.
Kinetic and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Running During Regular Training Sessions for Collegiate Male Distance Runners Using Shoe-Based Wearable Sensors
Authors: Long Tom , Pavicic Peri , Stapleton Drue 
Published: July 2022

Context
Assessment of running mechanics has traditionally been conducted in laboratory settings; the advancement of wearable technology permits data collection during outdoor training sessions. Exploring changes in running mechanics across training-session types may assist runners, coaches, and sports medicine clinicians in improving performance and managing the injury risk.

Objective
To examine changes in running mechanics on the basis of routine training-session types.

Design
Descriptive observational study.

Setting
Field based, university.

Methods
Running mechanics data (ie, impact g, stride length, braking g, total shock g, cadence, and ground contact time) for National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I distance runners (n = 20 men) were collected using RunScribe sensors mounted to the laces during training sessions (long run [LR], interval run [IR], or recovery run [RR]) during a 1-week period.

Results
Repeated-measures analysis of covariance with Greenhouse–Geisser correction and training-session pace as a covariate indicated no statistically significant differences in spatiotemporal or kinetic measures across the 3 training-session types. Cadence and stride length were inversely related in all training sessions (LR: r = −0.673, P = .004; IR: r = −0.893, P &lt; .001; RR: r = −0.549, P = .023). Strong positive correlations were seen between impact g and total shock in all training sessions (LR: r = 0.894, P &lt; .001; IR: r = 0.782, P = &lt; .001; RR: r = 0.922, P &lt; .001). Ground contact time increased with stride length during LR training sessions (r = 0.551, P = .027) and decreased with braking g in IR training sessions (r = −0.574, P = .016) and cadence in RR training sessions (r = −0.487, P = .048).

Conclusions
Running mechanics in collegiate distance runners were not statistically different among training-session types when training-session pace was controlled. The use of wearable technology provides a tool for obtaining necessary data during overland training to inform training and program design.
Pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Kumo Bello A. , Sani Mado M. , Musa Borodo M. , Muhammad Manko , Musa Sani 
Published: July 2022

Background
Endoscopy is an important diagnostic and interventional procedure for children presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In resource-limited countries like Africa, the practice of pediatric endoscopy remains rudimentary, lacking in trained pediatric endoscopists and appropriate-sized endoscopes.

Patients and methods
This was a retrospective study of the findings in all children and adolescents referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE) within a period of 2 years from February 2014 to February 2016.

Results
In all, 86 children and adolescents were referred for UGIE. There were 32 (37.2%) males and 54 (62.8%) females. The mean age was 13 years. Upper abdominal pain (47.7%), dyspepsia (19.8%), and upper GI bleeding (11.6%) were the major indications for referral. Fourteen (15.1%) patients were found to have normal UGIE findings. Commonest abnormalities seen at endoscopy were gastritis in 18 (22.1%), 14 (16.2%) had hiatus hernia, eight (9.3%) esophageal varices, seven (8.1%) gastric erosions, six (7.0%) had duodenitis, while five (5.8%) patients had esophagitis. Foreign body and duodenal ulcer were seen in three (3.5%) patients each, gastric ulcer and bile reflux in two patients each, while duodenal worms, esophageal atresia, caustic ingestion, and antral diverticular were seen in one (1.2%) patient each.

Conclusion
This study shows that endoscopy as an investigative tool in pediatric patients has high diagnostic yield with vital therapeutic potential, and is safe in the assessment of GI diseases.
Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients receiving disability certificates for psychiatric disorders
Authors: Sivakumar Thanapal , Jadhav Prabhu , Nabi Junaid , Tripathi Adarsh , Goyal Shri Gopal , Munda Sanjay Kumar , Sarkar Sharmila , Subramanyam Alka A. , Oswal Rajat M. , Ramasubramanian Chellamuthu , Chakrabarti Subho , Kattimani Shivanand 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
To study the sociodemographic and clinical profile of subjects receiving disability certificates (DCs) issued for psychiatric disorders across multiple centres in India.

Materials and Methods:
Eleven centres, including ten government and one non-governmental organization spread across the country, participated in the study. Data on the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients who were issued DC in the calendar year 2019 were collected on a proforma designed for the study.

Results:
Overall, 2018 patients were issued DC for various psychiatric disorders across 11 centres in 2019. The number of certificates issued across different centres varied from 34 to 622. In terms of diagnostic profile, intellectual disability accounted for most of the certificates issued. In terms of psychiatric diagnosis, schizophrenia was the most common psychiatric diagnosis, followed by bipolar disorder, for which a DC was issued. When the diagnosis was considered, centre wise, intellectual disability (6 centres), mental illness (MI; 4 centres), and autism and specific learning disability (1 centre) accounted for the most DCs issued. Schizophrenia (9 centres), bipolar affective disorder (1 centre), and dementia (1 centre) were the most common MI for which DC was issued. Across centres, more than two-thirds of DC were issued to males.

Conclusion:
There is a wide variation in the number and clinical profile of DC issued across centres.
The coping skills and quality of life among rape survivors – A descriptive study from Kerala
Authors: Thomas Sharon , Alexander Anson P. D. , Divakaran Jayachandran , Kallivayalil Roy A. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Rape is one of the most heinous of acts. It constitutes a major violation of an individual’s basic rights and intensely impacts their mental and physical health. Coping skills used to deal with the trauma could provide information on their quality of life (QOL).

Objectives:
To assess the coping skills and QOL of rape survivors and to explore its association with their coping skills.

Materials and Methods:
Data were collected through a questionnaire, and coping skills were assessed using the Brief COPE scale and QOL using the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Results were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and Spearman rank correlation.

Results:
Adaptive coping skills such as use of instrumental support, active coping, use of emotional support, self-distraction, and acceptance had higher COPE mean scores. QOL in the domain of physical health (mean = 52.71) had the highest mean score, followed by the domains of environment (mean = 51.35) and psychological health (mean = 48.37). Use of coping skills like active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reframing, and acceptance had a significant positive correlation with the QOL in the domains of physical health and environment. Active coping and positive reframing were positively correlated with the QOL in the domain of psychological health, while positive reframing and humor were positively correlated with the social relationships domain.

Conclusion:
Those who employed adaptive coping skills (active coping, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, positive reframing, acceptance) showed significantly better QOL than those with maladaptive skills.
Are the symptom dimensions a predictor of short-term response to pharmacotherapy in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cifter Anil , Erdogdu Ayse Burcu 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptom dimensions respond differently to behavioral and pharmacological interventions, and some dimensions are reported to be more resistant to treatment.

Aim:
We aimed to investigate the responses of three symptom dimensions (harm/sexual, symmetry/hoarding, and contamination/cleaning) to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) therapy in pediatric OCD.

Methods:
Children who were between 6 and 17 years old, diagnosed with OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, followed up at our clinic for at least 3 months, and received SRI treatment were included in our study. Response to treatment was assessed using the Clinical Global Impressions scale. Predictors of treatment response were analyzed using regression models.

Results:
Of the 102 children with a mean age of 11.84 ± 2.87 years, 57.8% were male and the mean follow-up period was 12.39 ± 9.55 months. The overall response rate to pharmacotherapy was 66.7%. Patients with symmetry/hoarding symptoms [relative risk (RR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.12–0.79), P = 0.015] did not respond as well to SRIs. Besides, adolescent age (RR = 0.65, 95% CI (0.10–0.73), P = 0.01) was associated with a less favorable SRI response.

Conclusion:
This study shows that symptom dimensions are one of the factors predicting response to pharmacotherapy in pediatric OCD. It is hypothesized that considering the dimensions is important to plan more appropriate treatment and provide more accurate prognostic information when assessing children with OCD.
Revisión del discurso de la prensa del corazón en España (1985-2005). De lo social al contenido de servicio
Authors: Ganzabal Learreta María 
Published: July 2022

La prensa del corazón en España ha ido evolucionando y adaptando su discurso a la nueva realidad social y a la demanda de otro tipo de información no sólo “rosa” sino también práctica y dirigida a un público específicamente femenino. Un cambio que ha venido propiciado por el descenso en términos de audiencia y difusión de este tipo de revistas, por la competencia de otras publicaciones semanales que han marcado la pauta de nuevos contenidos y por los distintos cambios empresariales que han llevado a todas las revistas analizadas, con la excepción de Hola, a ser absorbidas y pasar de empresas familiares a multinacionales del sector editorial.
El trabajo del presentador de televisión en un escenario virtual
Authors: Galán Cubillo Esteban 
Published: July 2022

La escenografía virtual es el resultado de la aplicación de la tecnología de la realidad virtual al ámbito televisivo. En este artículo se analiza en qué medida se ve afectado el trabajo de las personas que se colocan delante de la cámara –actores, presentadores, invitados– al trabajar con escenografía virtual y qué acciones se pueden llevar a cabo para facilitar su trabajo. El trabajo de campo que se ha empleado para llevar a cabo este análisis, ha consistido en cuestionarios en línea y entrevistas en profundidad a los profesionales que trabajan con escenografía virtual en España en televisiones públicas y privadas de cobertura nacional y autonómica.
Tendencias de las acciones de RRPP desarrolladas en instituciones públicas de carácter político
Authors: Fernández Souto Ana Belén 
Published: July 2022

A lo largo de las siguientes páginas procuraremos abordar someramente el trabajo de las relaciones públicas aplicadas al campo institucional de ámbito político. Para ello nos remitiremos a las miles de definiciones existentes para este concepto, así como a los instrumentos, tácticas y estrategias de las que se sirven para alcanzar sus objetivos y sus actuales tendencias. Se trata de un tema relativamente poco estudiado desde el punto de vista de la comunicación organizacional y más desde el marketing político y de la comunicación política, por lo que procuraremos realizar aportaciones prácticas en este sentido. Por lo tanto, partiremos de la hipótesis de las acciones de relaciones públicas juegan un papel más que destacado en la actividad institucional de carácter político, llegando –en algunos casos– a constituirse en el verdadero leivmotiv y base de las campañas políticas y propagandísticas, así como en el principal eje comunicativo de muchas campañas institucionales.
La construcción mediática de lo ecológico. Estrategias discursivas en la información de actualidad
Authors: Lorente José Ignacio , Antolín José Enrique , Doblas Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2022

El trabajo aborda un análisis de las estrategias discursivas implicadas en el tratamiento de la información ambiental en la prensa diaria, prestando especial atención a los procesos de orientación del sentido que tales estrategias suscitan en torno a la complejidad de las tensiones y desórdenes medioambientales.
La metodología empleada se basa en un enfoque semio-pragmático de los procesos de construcción del sentido en los discursos informativos de actualidad y en el análisis de la agenda y procedimientos de framing y priming empleados para delimitar el marco interpretativo de los conflictos medioambientales. El estudio ha permitido observar el modo en que las tensiones medioambientales se proyectan informativamente sobre un horizonte de riesgo inminente y de amenaza global que delimita un marco normalizado e institucionalizado de inteligibilidad de lo ecológico, en confrontación con otros discursos e interpretaciones que pudieran poner en cuestión la pertinencia del sentido privilegiado por el mismo.