bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of foot health behavior among ethnic minority populations: A cross‐sectional population‐based study
Authors: Pérez‐Belloso Ana‐Juana , Montaño‐Jiménez Pedro , Algaba‐del‐Castillo José , Coheña‐Jiménez Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the impact of the foot health and health behavior and the characteristics of outdoor footwear among minority ethnic groups.Design and measuresA cross‐sectional study design using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire: foot pain, foot function, shoe, general foot health, general health, physical activity, social capacity, and vigor. Outcomes included the self‐reported type of outdoor footwear and clinical characteristics by sex were collected in 2019–2020.SampleA total of 78 Roma participants self‐identified as members of this ethnic minority and 72 participants non‐Roma were assessed (n = 150).ResultsThe lower score values was recorded in the footwear and general foot health domains in Roma population. General population obtained higher scores in general health domains. The most common outdoor footwear types were running shoes and walking shoes in non‐Roma population, versus flip flops and slippers in Roma population. Clinical characteristics did not show any statistically significant differences (p < .05).ConclusionRoma people wear flip flops and slippers and non‐Roma people running shoes and walking shoes. These findings reveal cultural differences that make it easier for the Roma population to experience a greater burden of foot health problems. General foot health and foot pain dimensions show statistically significant differences among ethnicity.
Roles of alcohol use disorder and resilience in risk of suicide attempt in men: A Swedish population‐based cohort
Authors: Lannoy Séverine , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Edwards Alexis C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has been identified as a strong risk factor for suicide attempt. However, few studies have considered protective factors that may moderate this association, such as resilience.MethodsWe used longitudinal nationwide Swedish data of 903,333 males born 1960–1980 and 48,285 males born 1949–1951. We performed Cox proportional hazards models to test the role of AUD, resilience, and their interaction on risk for suicide attempt. We used co‐relative models to account for familial factors.ResultsAlcohol use disorder was strongly associated with increased risk of suicide attempt [hazard ratio (HR) = 12.22], while resilience was associated with reduced risk (HR = 0.73). Multiplicative interaction (HR = 1.21) showed that, in the context of AUD, the protective role of resilience on risk of suicide attempt was somewhat attenuated. Co‐relative analyses supported both familial liability and a possible causal pathway between AUD, resilience, and suicide attempt. In the cohort born 1949–1951, resilience subcomponents—social maturity, interests, psychological energy, home conditions, and emotional control—were all associated with reduced suicide attempt risk (HRs between 0.63 and 0.74).ConclusionWhile resilience is associated with reduced risk of suicide attempt, this effect is less pronounced in the context of AUD. These associations are potentially causal.
The role of toceranib phosphate in dogs with non‐mast cell neoplasia: A systematic review
Authors: Frezoulis Petros , Harper Aaron 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has gained significant importance in veterinary cancer patients over the last decade. Toceranib phosphate has been licensed for the treatment of dogs with mast cell tumours. Its molecular similarity to sunitinib, a TKI used in human medicine, has led many veterinary oncologists to use this agent for multiple neoplastic diseases. The aim of the current study was to perform a systematic review of the evidence for the use of toceranib in dogs with non‐mast cell neoplasia. Two electronic databases were searched. Publications were included if toceranib was used as a treatment option in canine patients. Studies and case reports were excluded if toceranib was used as part of a multi‐modal treatment plan and response or outcome data related to toceranib therapy were not described. A total of 28 studies were included from 122 references. The most common types of neoplasias identified were neuroendocrine tumours, anal gland sac adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Multiple other neoplasias had one or two studies identified to describe the use of toceranib. Results of the study support that toceranib phosphate may have efficacy against certain types of neoplasia under certain conditions, such as neuroendocrine tumours, gastrointestinal stromal tumours and anal sac adenocarcinomas, while it is probably not effective for the management of metastatic osteosarcoma based on the findings of the review.
Effect of dexamethasone as an analgesic adjuvant to multimodal pain treatment after total knee arthroplasty: randomised clinical trial
Authors: Gasbjerg Kasper Smidt , Hägi-Pedersen Daniel , Lunn Troels Haxholdt , Laursen Christina Cleveland , Holmqvist Majken , Vinstrup Louise Ørts , Ammitzboell Mette , Jakobsen Karina , Jensen Mette Skov , Pallesen Marie Jøhnk , Bagger Jens , Lindholm Peter , Pedersen Niels Anker , Schrøder Henrik Morville , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Nørskov Anders Kehlet , Thybo Kasper Højgaard , Brorson Stig , Overgaard Søren , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the effects of one and two doses of intravenous dexamethasone in patients after total knee arthroplasty.

Design
Randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trial with follow-up at 90 days.

Setting
Five Danish hospitals, September 2018 to March 2020.

Participants
485 adult participants undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Intervention
A computer generated randomised sequence stratified for site was used to allocate participants to one of three groups: DX1 (dexamethasone (24 mg)+placebo); DX2 (dexamethasone (24 mg)+dexamethasone (24 mg)); or placebo (placebo+placebo). The intervention was given preoperatively and after 24 hours. Participants, investigators, and outcome assessors were blinded. All participants received paracetamol, ibuprofen, and local infiltration analgesia.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was total intravenous morphine consumption 0 to 48 hours postoperatively. Multiplicity adjusted threshold for statistical significance was P<0.017 and minimal important difference was 10 mg morphine. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain.

Results
485 participants were randomised: 161 to DX1, 162 to DX2, and 162 to placebo. Data from 472 participants (97.3%) were included in the primary outcome analysis. The median (interquartile range) morphine consumptions at 0-48 hours were: DX1 37.9 mg (20.7 to 56.7); DX2 35.0 mg (20.6 to 52.0); and placebo 43.0 mg (28.7 to 64.0). Hodges-Lehmann median differences between groups were: −2.7 mg (98.3% confidence interval −9.3 to 3.7), P=0.30 between DX1 and DX2; 7.8 mg (0.7 to 14.7), P=0.008 between DX1 and placebo; and 10.7 mg (4.0 to 17.3), P<0.001 between DX2 and placebo. Postoperative pain was reduced at 24 hours with one dose, and at 48 hours with two doses, of dexamethasone.

Conclusion
Two doses of dexamethasone reduced morphine consumption during 48 hours after total knee arthroplasty and reduced postoperative pain.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov
NCT03506789
.
Electronic information systems for One Health surveillance of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Oberin Madalene , Badger Skye , Faverjon Céline , Cameron Angus , Bannister-Tyrrell Melanie 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionElectronic information systems (EIS) that implement a ‘One Health’ approach by integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data across the human, animal and environmental health sectors, have been identified as a global priority. However, evidence on the availability, technical capacities and effectiveness of such EIS is scarce.MethodsThrough a qualitative synthesis of evidence, this systematic scoping review aims to: identify EIS for AMR surveillance that operate across human, animal and environmental health sectors; describe their technical characteristics and capabilities; and assess whether there is evidence for the effectiveness of the various EIS for AMR surveillance. Studies and reports between 1 January 2000 and 21 July 2021 from peer-reviewed and grey literature in the English language were included.Results26 studies and reports were included in the final review, of which 27 EIS were described. None of the EIS integrated AMR data in a One Health approach across all three sectors. While there was a lack of evidence of thorough evaluations of the effectiveness of the identified EIS, several surveillance system effectiveness indicators were reported for most EIS. Standardised reporting of the effectiveness of EIS is recommended for future publications. The capabilities of the EIS varied in their technical design features, in terms of usability, data display tools and desired outputs. EIS that included interactive features, and geospatial maps are increasingly relevant for future trends in AMR data analytics.ConclusionNo EIS for AMR surveillance was identified that was designed to integrate a broad range of AMR data from humans, animals and the environment, representing a major gap in global efforts to implement One Health approaches to address AMR.
Consumption of industrial processed foods and risk of premenopausal breast cancer among Latin American women: the PRECAMA study
Authors: Romieu Isabelle , Khandpur Neha , Katsikari Aikaterini , Biessy Carine , Torres-Mejía Gabriela , Ángeles-Llerenas Angélica , Alvarado-Cabrero Isabel , Sánchez Gloria Inés , Maldonado Maria Elena , Porras Carolina , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Garmendia Maria Luisa , Chajés Vèronique , Aglago Elom K , Porter Peggy L , Lin MingGang , His Mathilde , Gunter Marc J , Huybrechts Inge , Rinaldi Sabina 
Published: January 2022

Ultra-processed food intake has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer in Western populations. No data are available in the Latin American population although the consumption of ultra-processed foods is increasing rapidly in this region.We evaluated the association of ultra-processed food intake to breast cancer risk in a case–control study including 525 cases (women aged 20–45 years) and 525 matched population-based controls from Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Mexico. The degree of processing of foods was classified according to the NOVA classification.Overall, the major contributors to ultra-processed food intake were ready-to-eat/heat foods (18.2%), cakes and desserts (16.7%), carbonated and industrial fruit juice beverages (16.7%), breakfast cereals (12.9%), sausages and reconstituted meat products (12.1%), industrial bread (6.1%), dairy products and derivatives (7.6%) and package savoury snacks (6.1%). Ultra-processed food intake was positively associated with the risk of breast cancer in adjusted models (ORT3-T1=1.93; 95% CI=1.11 to 3.35). Specifically, a higher risk was observed with oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer (ORT3-T1=2.44, (95% CI=1.01 to 5.90, P-trend=0.049), while no significant association was observed with oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer (ORT3-T1=1.87, 95% CI=0.43 to 8.13, P-trend=0.36).Our findings suggest that the consumption of ultra-processed foods might increase the risk of breast cancer in young women in Latin America. Further studies should confirm these findings and disentangle specific mechanisms relating ultra-processed food intake and carcinogenic processes in the breast.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of implementing an integrated neonatal care kit to reduce neonatal infection in rural Pakistan
Authors: Muttalib Fiona , Chung Karen , Pell Lisa Grace , Ariff Shabina , Soofi Sajid , Morris Shaun K , Sander Beate 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of distribution of the integrated neonatal care kit (iNCK) by community health workers from the healthcare payer perspective in Rahimyar Khan, Pakistan.SettingRahimyar Khan, Pakistan.ParticipantsN/A.InterventionCost-utility analysis using a Markov model based on cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT: NCT 02130856) data and a literature review. We compared distribution of the iNCK to pregnant mothers to local standard of care and followed infants over a lifetime horizon.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was incremental net monetary benefit (INMB, at a cost-effectiveness threshold of US$15.50), discounted at 3%. Secondary outcomes were life years, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and costs.ResultsAt a cost-effectiveness threshold of US$15.50, distribution of the iNCK resulted in lower expected DALYs (28.7 vs 29.6 years) at lower expected cost (US$52.50 vs 55.20), translating to an INMB of US$10.22 per iNCK distributed. These results were sensitive to the baseline risk of infection, cost of the iNCK and the estimated effect of the iNCK on the relative risk of infection. At relative risks of infection below 0.79 and iNCK costs below US$25.90, the iNCK remained cost-effective compared with current local standard of care.ConclusionThe distribution of the iNCK dominated the current local standard of care (ie, the iNCK is less costly and more effective than current care standards). Most of the cost-effectiveness of the iNCK was attributable to a reduction in neonatal infection.
High haemoglobin levels and mortality in males with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Shu Yang , Li Wenjing , Wei Chenchen , Deng Aiping , Cheng Yajun , Lei Peng , Liu Ming 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo examine the association between high haemoglobin levels and outcomes in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in a multicentre cohort study.DesignProspective multicentre cohort study.Settings21 tertiary hospitals across mainland China.ParticipantsA total of 5318 consecutive in-hospital spontaneous ICH patients were recruited between January 2012 and June 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHaemoglobin levels were measured on admission. Binary or ordinary logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent relationship of haemoglobin level with clinical outcomes at 3 months, measured as death or disability. Restricted cubic spline regression was fitted to examine the potential non-linear shape of the dose–response curve between the whole haemoglobin levels and 3-month poor outcomes.ResultsA total of 5031 patients with ICH were analysed (64.3% male; mean age (SD), 57.8 (15.2) years). We found that the highest haemoglobin quintile was associated with poor outcomes 3 months in males (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.25) but not in females, which was also observed in the pooled analysis of three subcohorts in male patients (average aOR 1.70, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.33). The spline regression suggested a non-linear association between haemoglobin levels and outcomes and a linear relationship was observed between an elevated haemoglobin level and 3-month disability/death in males (haemoglobin level per 10 g/L: aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.40, p<0.001), which was mediated by larger haematoma volume (effect size: 0.115, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.231).ConclusionsThis study found a sex-specific association between an elevated haemoglobin level and poor 3-month outcomes, which might be mediated by larger haematoma volume.
Critical care nursing role in low and lower middle-income settings: a scoping review
Authors: Macey Andy , O'Reilly Gerard , Williams Ged , Cameron Peter 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesA scoping review was conducted to answer the question: How is critical care nursing (CCN) performed in low-income countries and lower middle-income countries (LICs/LMICs)?DesignScoping review guided by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis.Data sourcesSix electronic databases and five web-based resources were systematically searched to identify relevant literature published between 2010 and April 2021.Review methodsThe search results received two-stage screening: (1) title and abstract (2) full-text screening. For sources of evidence to progress, agreement needed to be reached by two reviewers. Data were extracted and cross-checked. Data were analysed, sorted by themes and mapped to region and country.ResultsLiterature was reported across five georegions. Nurses with a range formal and informal training were identified as providing critical care. Availability of staff was frequently reported as a problem. No reports provided a comprehensive description of CCN in LICs/LMICs. However, a variety of nursing practices and non-clinical responsibilities were highlighted. Availability of equipment to fulfil the nursing role was widely discussed. Perceptions of inadequate resourcing were common. Undergraduate and postgraduate-level preparation was poorly described but frequently reported. The delivery of short format critical care courses was more fully described. There were reports of educational evaluation, especially regarding internationally supported initiatives.ConclusionsDespite commonalities, CCN is unique to regional and socioeconomic contexts. Nurses work within a complex team, yet the structure and skill levels of such teams will vary according to patient population, resources and treatments available. Therefore, a universal definition of the CCN role in LIC/LMIC health systems is likely unhelpful. Research to elucidate current assets, capacity and needs of nurses providing critical care in specific LIC/LMIC contexts is needed. Outputs from such research would be invaluable in supporting contextually appropriate capacity development programmes.
Trabeculectomy versus Xen gel implant for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma: a 3-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Cappelli Francesca , Cutolo Carlo Alberto , Olivari Sara , Testa Valeria , Sindaco Daniele , Pizzorno Chiara , Ciccione Sara , Traaverso Carlo Enrico , Iester Michele 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the two surgical techniques in terms of efficacy, safety, and postoperative management over 36 months of follow-up.MethodsThis retrospective clinical cohort study compared the outcome of trabeculectomy surgery and Xen gel implant in patients having uncontrolled glaucoma. Patients were recruited using the following inclusion criteria: uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) on maximally tolerated medical therapy, healthy conjunctiva freely mobile in the superior sector, open-angle, glaucomatous visual field damage, full follow upfollow-up of at least 36 months. Thirty-four patients were submitted to trabeculectomy and 34 to Xen gel implant. We set the lower limit at 6mmHg mm Hg and the upper limit ≤12 mm Hg for criteria A, upper limit to ≤15 mm Hg for criteria B and upper limit ≤18 mm Hg for criteria C. Criteria for success have been characterizedcharacterised according to whether or not this has been achieved without (complete success) or with IOP -lowering medications (qualified success).ResultsFor all survival curves, trabeculectomy was superior to Xen gel implant. When considering complete success, the log-rank test for criteria A was statistically significant (pp=0.006), marginally significant for criteria B (pp=0.065) and not significant for criteria C (pp=0.23). When qualified success was considered, trabeculectomy was superior to Xen gel for criteria A, B, and C (pp=0.012, pp=0.033 and pp=0.025, respectively). Higher number of post-operative flat chamber and bleb leakage was observed in the trabeculectomy group.ConclusionXen gel implant techniques offer a better safety profile but a lower IOP reduction compared to compared with the gold -standard technique.
Independent Drug Action in Combination Therapy: Implications for Precision Oncology
Authors: Plana Deborah , Palmer Adam C. , Sorger Peter K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Combination therapies are superior to monotherapy for many cancers. This advantage was historically ascribed to the ability of combinations to address tumor heterogeneity, but synergistic interaction is now a common explanation as well as a design criterion for new combinations. We review evidence that independent drug action, described in 1961, explains the efficacy of many practice-changing combination therapies: it provides populations of patients with heterogeneous drug sensitivities multiple chances of benefit from at least one drug. Understanding response heterogeneity could reveal predictive or pharmacodynamic biomarkers for more precise use of existing drugs and realize the benefits of additivity or synergy.

Significance:
The model of independent drug action represents an effective means to predict the magnitude of benefit likely to be observed in new clinical trials for combination therapies. The “bet-hedging” strategy implicit in independent action suggests that individual patients often benefit from only a subset—sometimes one—of the drugs in a combination. Personalized, targeted combination therapy, consisting of agents likely to be active in a particular patient, will increase, perhaps substantially, the magnitude of therapeutic benefit. Precision approaches of this type will require a better understanding of variability in drug response and new biomarkers, which will entail preclinical research on diverse panels of cancer models rather than studying drug synergy in unusually sensitive models.
Deconvolving Clinically Relevant Cellular Immune Cross-talk from Bulk Gene Expression Using CODEFACS and LIRICS Stratifies Patients with Melanoma to Anti–PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Wang Kun , Patkar Sushant , Lee Joo Sang , Gertz E. Michael , Robinson Welles , Schischlik Fiorella , Crawford David R. , Schäffer Alejandro A. , Ruppin Eytan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex mixture of cell types whose interactions affect tumor growth and clinical outcome. To discover such interactions, we developed CODEFACS (COnfident DEconvolution For All Cell Subsets), a tool deconvolving cell type–specific gene expression in each sample from bulk expression, and LIRICS (Ligand–Receptor Interactions between Cell Subsets), a statistical framework prioritizing clinically relevant ligand–receptor interactions between cell types from the deconvolved data. We first demonstrate the superiority of CODEFACS versus the state-of-the-art deconvolution method CIBERSORTx. Second, analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas, we uncover cell type–specific ligand–receptor interactions uniquely associated with mismatch-repair deficiency across different cancer types, providing additional insights into their enhanced sensitivity to anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy compared with other tumors with high neoantigen burden. Finally, we identify a subset of cell type–specific ligand–receptor interactions in the melanoma TME that stratify survival of patients receiving anti–PD-1 therapy better than some recently published bulk transcriptomics-based methods.

Significance:
This work presents two new computational methods that can deconvolve a large collection of bulk tumor gene expression profiles into their respective cell type–specific gene expression profiles and identify cell type–specific ligand–receptor interactions predictive of response to immune-checkpoint blockade therapy.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873