bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Updates on Antibacterial Quinolones: Green Synthesis, Mode of Interaction and Structure–Activity Relationship
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Saini Monika , Das Rina , Chauhan Samrat , Sharma Diksha , Mujwar Somdutt , Gupta Sumeet , Mehta Dinesh Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTQuinolone antibiotics are a crucial class of synthetic antibacterial agents, widely utilized due to their broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Due to the development of antimicrobial resistance, the potency of quinolone drugs decreased. Many conventional methods have been developed to elevate amination rate and to improve yield. These methods are generally characterized by prolonged reaction durations, high boiling solvents, harsh conditions, costly reagents and excessive heat generation, which have adversely affected the therapeutic efficacy of these compounds. Recently, green chemistry has focused on sustainable chemistry‐dependent quinolone analogue synthesis methods that significantly reduce bacterial infections. These methods include one‐pot synthesis, photoredox catalysis, phase transfer catalysis, ultrasonic irradiation, microwave‐assisted, green solvent and catalyst‐free synthesis, which often utilize energy‐efficient, non‐toxic and less time‐consuming techniques, aligning with green chemistry principles to improve safety and environmental impact. Researchers continuously explore innovative approaches to applying these methods in synthetic reactions. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of synthetic literature from the past 15 years from Scopus, PubMed, Embase and WOS using keywords, such as green chemistry, quinolone and antibacterial, highlighting significant advancements and emerging trends. This work's importance lies in its extensive literature overview on green synthesis methods for quinolones and related heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, to provide useful information for the generation of future antibacterial drugs, some structural–activity relationship studies and in silico studies have also been included to investigate the stable binding interactions between quinolone leads and various target proteins.
Bioinformatics Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Lotus Seed Compounds in Multiple Sclerosis: A Network Analysis of c‐Jun Pathway
Authors: Rushendran Rapuru , Singh S. Ankul , Begum Rukaiah Fatma , Chitra Vellapandian , Ali Nemat , Prajapati Bhupendra G. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe central nervous system is affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune illness characterized by axonal destruction, demyelination, and inflammation. This article summarizes the state of the field, highlighting its complexity and significant influence on people's quality of life. The research employs a network pharmacological approach, integrating systems biology, bioinformatics, and pharmacology to identify biomarkers associated with MS. Utilizing Nelumbo Nucifera (Lotus) seeds, the study involves toxicity assessments, biomolecule screening, and target prediction. Advanced computational methodologies are employed, including molecular docking and dynamic simulations, to assess potential therapeutic interactions. Biomolecule screening identifies eight active compounds from Lotus seeds, including Anonaine and Liriodenine. Target prediction reveals 264 common targets with MS‐related genes. Protein‐protein interaction analysis establishes a complex network, identifying central targets like SRC and AKT1. Bioinformatics enrichment analysis uncovers potential therapeutic candidates and pathways. A Biomolecule‐Target‐Pathway network diagram visualizes interactions, with Anonaine and Liriodenine exhibiting strong binding affinities in molecular docking studies. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into dynamic interactions. In conclusion, through advanced computational techniques, it unveils molecular interactions, potential therapies, and pathways, bridging predictions with practical applications. Anonaine and Liriodenine show promise in curbing MS biomarkers.
Predictive modeling and risk assessment strategies for enhancing dairy product safety: A comprehensive review
Authors: Pahariya Prachi , Shrivastav Awani , Goswami Tridib Kumar , Choudhary Ruplal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe dairy industry is a crucial part of the food sector, encompassing a wide range of raw, pre‐processed, and post‐processed dairy products. The concern about delivering safe dairy products is increasing due to the rise in pathogenic outbreaks associated with the dairy industry. To mitigate the risks associated with dairy products, risk assessment (RA) and predictive modeling play vital roles. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of RA and predictive modeling in managing these risks. Risk assessment offers a structured approach to evaluate public health risks through hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Predictive modeling complements RA by using scientific and mathematical methods to anticipate microbial behavior under various conditions, aiding in the prevention of contamination throughout the dairy supply chain. This article emphasizes the application of these tools in real‐world scenarios to improve the accuracy of food safety predictions. In conclusion, integrating risk assessment with predictive modeling is essential for mitigating contamination risks and ensuring the safety and quality of dairy products. While significant advancements have been made, future research should focus on enhancing model precision through robust data sets and advanced machine learning, leading to more effective strategies that protect public health.
Ensuring glucagon access for people with diabetes: A case example from community pharmacy
Authors: Meredith Ashley H. , Galdo John A. , Gorsuch Nicole , Daisey‐Bell Bianca , Logan JR Richard N. , Gonzalvo Jasmine D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPeople with diabetes who are prescribed insulin or who are at high risk of recurrent level 2 or level 3 hypoglycemia should be prescribed glucagon. More than seven million Americans are prescribed insulin and prescriptions for glucagon were filled in 8.3% of people using short‐acting insulin, 2.3% of people using long‐acting insulin, and 0.4% of people not using insulin. Community pharmacy teams can identify individuals at high risk for hypoglycemia and play an important role in improving access to glucagon. Using Community Pharmacy Enhanced Services Network (CPESN®) USA as a model, we will describe opportunities for community pharmacies to improve glucagon access and patient health outcomes.
Dihydroquercetin Ameliorates Neuronal Ferroptosis in Rats After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO‐1 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Bao , Zhou Xiwei , Pang Lujun , Che Yanjun , Qi Xin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a specific type of stroke. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ), a flavonoid, is known for its various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of DHQ in influencing the progression of SAH. A rat SAH model was established using the endovascular perforation technique. Following SAH induction, DHQ was administered orally 1 h later. Assessments included SAH scores, neurological function, brain swelling, blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity, neuronal damage, apoptosis levels, inflammation, and indicators of ferroptosis using various treatments. The HT22 cells were exposed to hemin to simulate SAH‐like conditions under in vitro settings. Cell counting kit‐8 assays, flow cytometry, enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay, BODIPY 581/591 C11 staining, western blot analysis, and biochemical kits were employed to evaluate the potential effects of DHQ. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for the protective effect of DHQ were examined by western blot analysis. The in vivo findings revealed that DHQ mitigated neurological impairments, brain swelling, BBB disruption, and neuronal injury at 24 h post‐SAH. DHQ also reduced neuronal degeneration, inflammation, and ferroptosis following SAH. The in vitro findings revealed that DHQ enhanced cell survival and reduced ferroptosis at 24 h following hemin exposure. Mechanistically, DHQ activated phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling in SAH rats and hemin‐treated HT22 cells to exert neuroprotective effects. In conclusion, this study reveals that DHQ can effectively decrease BBB permeability, brain edema, neurological dysfunctions, and ferroptosis post‐SAH by activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway.
Appraisal of the Fragments‐In‐Fragments Method for the Energetics of Individual Hydrogen Bonds in Molecular Crystals
Authors: Dehariya Bharti , Ahirwar Mini Bharati , Shivhare Ayush , Deshmukh Milind M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe report a direct application of the molecular tailoring approach‐based (MTA‐based) method to calculate the individual hydrogen bond (HB) energy in molecular crystal. For this purpose, molecular crystals of nitromalonamide (NMA) and salicylic acid (SA) were taken as test cases. Notably, doing a correlated computation using a large molecular crystal structure is difficult. Among 15 density functional theory functionals, the B3LYP provides accurate estimates of HB energies closed to the CCSD(T) ones using the 6–311 + G(d,p) basis set for all atoms. The direct application of the MTA‐based method to these crystal structures is although straightforward. For instance, the calculated energy suggests that three intramolecular HBs in NMA crystal are of stronger strength (7.3–17.0 kcal/mol) than the intermolecular ones (2.7–4.0 kcal/mol). On the other hand, intermolecular HB in SA crystal is moderately stronger (9.9 kcal/mol) than intramolecular one (8.1 kcal/mol). However, these energy calculations by the MTA‐based method are very expensive. For instance, the time needed to evaluate the energy of all seven HBs in NMA crystal (having molecules within maximum of 15 unit cells) is 122,681 min (~2.7 months). In view of this, we assessed our recently proposed linear‐scaling Fragments‐in‐Fragments (Frags‐in‐Frags) method for estimating the single‐point energies of parent molecular crystal and fragments of the MTA‐based method. It has been found that the estimated HB energies by the Frags‐in‐Frags method are in excellent linear agreement with their MTA‐based counterparts (R2 = 0.9993). Furthermore, root mean square deviation is 0.12 kcal/mol. Mean and maximum absolute errors are 0.10 and 0.5 kcal/mol, respectively, and the standard deviation is 0.14 kcal/mol. Importantly, the Frags‐in‐Frags method is computationally efficient; it needs only 18,289 min (~12.7 days) for the estimation of energy of all HBs in NMA crystal and 3499 min (~2.4 days) for all HBs in SA crystal.
Greater return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction compared with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction alone: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lumban‐Gaol Imelda , Putramega Dananjaya , Phatama Krisna Yuarno , Utomo Dwikora Novembri , Budhiparama Nicolaas C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare the return to sports, return to competition, Tegner score and anterior cruciate ligament‐return to sports injury (ACL‐RSI) scores between patients who underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) combined with anterolateral ligament reconstruction (ALLR) and those who underwent ACLR alone.MethodsTwo independent reviewers conducted a literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library in July 2024, followed by data extraction and quality assessment. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta‐analysis guidelines. The return to sports rate, return to competition rate, Tegner score and ACL‐RSI score were compared between patients who underwent primary ACLR with ALLR and those who underwent isolated primary or revision ACLR. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool and methodological items for nonrandomized studies.ResultsIn total, 12,139 studies were screened, and 14 (four randomized controlled trials and 10 nonrandomized studies) studies were ultimately evaluated. Compared with isolated ACLR, ACLR combined with ALLR resulted in a higher rate of return to sports and competition. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found in the Tegner score or ACL‐RSI score between the two groups.ConclusionPatients who underwent ACLR in combination with ALLR had higher rates of return to sports and competition, but their Tegner activity and ACL‐RSI scores were similar to those of patients who underwent ACLR alone. This finding may assist surgeons in making decisions when treating patients undergoing ACLR, especially athletes.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
KTb3−xGdxF10 Nano‐Glass Composite Scintillator with Excellent Thermal Stability and Record X‐Ray Imaging Resolution
Authors: Wang Sikai , Yang Jingdao , Liu Chuang , Li Wenhao , Zheng Xiaoxin , Qiao Xusheng , Sun Xinyuan , Qian Sen , Han Jifeng , Wu Junxiao , Xu Xuhui , Ren Jing , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractScintillators exhibiting both excellent spatial resolution and thermal stability are highly sought after. Herein, by employing a suite of techniques—including phase‐separation‐assisted crystallization, energy transfer, and compensation—Tb3+‐doped nano‐glass composite (nano‐GC) scintillators are developed with good scintillation performance. The Tb3+‐doped nano‐GC scintillator exhibits an unprecedented enhancement in the integrated intensity of X‐ray excited luminescence (XEL) by more than five times, as compared with Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal. It achieves an estimated light yield of 54 900 photons MeV−1 and a sensitivity of 635.31 nGyair s−1. An X‐ray imaging system based on the Tb3+‐doped nano‐GC scintillator delivers a record resolution of 28.7 lp mm−1 at room temperature and 28.1 lp mm−1 even at 500 °C, thanks to the excellent thermal stability, namely, the scintillator preserves the original XEL intensity up to 300 °C, and ≈73% at 500 °C. The heat resistance excels currently available high‐temperature scintillation materials. These attributes, combined with robust moisture resistance, position the developed nano‐GC scintillator an exceptionally promising candidate for high‐temperature X‐ray imaging used in harsh environments.
Existence and Optimal Controls for Generalized Riemann–Liouville Fractional Sobolev‐Type Stochastic Integrodifferential Equations of Order ϑ∈(1,2)$$ \vartheta \in \left(1,2\right) $$
Authors: Johnson M. , Vijayakumar V. , Kwon Kiwoon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis manuscript addresses the optimal control of generalized Riemann–Liouville fractional (Hilfer fractional) Sobolev‐type stochastic differential equations of order in separable Hilbert spaces. First, the existence of mild solutions for the system is established using the cosine family of operators and the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem. Then, the existence of optimal control is demonstrated through Balder's theorem. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the results.
Otolaryngology Resident Education: Beyond Procedural Case Logs—A 10‐Year Single Institutional Review
Authors: Huynh Pauline P. , Malkin Benjamin D. , Wang Kevin H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the otolaryngologic diagnoses encountered in outpatient clinics by otolaryngology—head and neck surgery (OHNS) residents during their 5 years of postgraduate training.MethodsThis is a retrospective review at a single institution following 5 consecutive graduating resident cohorts throughout their training. The electronic health record was queried for OHNS clinic encounters from 2013 through 2022 during which the resident physicians were included as the visit provider or assistant to an attending physician. Diagnoses were sorted into categories as adapted from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education OHNS Milestones 2.0.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2022, 10 residents participated in 25,447 unique clinic encounters, averaging 2544 total clinic encounters per resident. Of these, 13,957 (54.8%) listed the resident as a visit provider. The most frequently coded categories included otologic diseases (25.3%), head and neck neoplasms (14.8%), and rhinologic diseases (10.8%). Most frequently coded diagnoses included postoperative care, benign subcutaneous masses, ear infections, cerumen impaction, and maxillofacial fractures.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the OHNS resident clinic experience. Additional data from other institutions is needed to better evaluate clinical competency regarding these nonprocedural facets in residency training.Implications for PracticeAs OHNS residency training continues to evolve, it is important to evaluate the outpatient clinical experience and ensure it reflects educational needs, including adequate exposure to a range of otolaryngologic diagnoses and conditions to prepare trainees for independent practice.
Assessing the Impact of Vaccination Status on Meningitis Risk Post Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Hayden Jamil , Youner Emily R. , Rosen Ross , Cleveland Chelsea N. , Warren De'Andre A. , Mowry Sarah , Otteson Todd D. , Semaan Maroun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the protective benefit of pneumococcal vaccines on rates of meningitis after cochlear implantation.Study DesignRetrospective large database review.SettingSeveral studies have shown that cochlear implantation increases the incidence of bacterial meningitis, mostly due to pneumococcal meningitis. However, there are no studies that have demonstrated that pneumococcal vaccination is associated with a decreased risk of meningitis among cochlear implant recipients.MethodsTriNetX, an electronic medical record database, was queried for incidence of meningitis after cochlear implantation, with and without pneumococcal vaccination.ResultsThere are a total of 35,434 patients in the TriNetX database who have received a cochlear implant. Of these patients, 9803 patients (27.7%) had coding sufficient to assess their immunization status and were included in our study. Of the patients in our study, 9264 patients (93.7%) had evidence of receiving a PCV immunization, while 539 (5.5%) were found to be under vaccinated. A total of 258 patients in our study had an episode of meningitis after cochlear implantation, translating to an overall rate of 2.6%. The vaccinated group demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of meningitis (2.5%, n = 236) compared to the under‐vaccinated group (4.1%, n = 22) (relative risk: 1.60; confidence interval (1.0441, 2.4586); P < .0310).ConclusionOur study provides evidence that pneumococcal vaccination is associated with a significantly lower rate of bacterial meningitis after cochlear implantation. Meningitis is a potentially life‐threatening complication. Better adherence to pneumococcal vaccination guidelines pre‐ and post‐CI is critical to reducing the feared risk of bacterial meningitis after cochlear implantation.
Microbiological Profiles and Patterns of Resistance in Patients With Sinus Infections After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Adelman Avraham E. , Tangutur Akshay , Archilla Alfredo S. , Vengerovich Gennadiy 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveIdentify common pathogens and antibiotic resistances in chronic rhinosinusitis patients post‐endoscopic sinus surgery presenting with an active sinus infection.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingSingle‐institution rhinology private practice in Southeast Florida.MethodsRecorded postoperative endoscopically‐guided sinus cultures from symptomatic patients with purulent drainage on endoscopy from August 2020 to December 2023. When available, pre‐ or intraoperatively cultured organisms were collected.ResultsOf 125 patients, 50.4% were female with a mean age of 51.0. In 34.4% of patients that underwent revision surgery, 76% had nasal polyps and 26.4% had asthma. Of 301 cultures, 264 (87.7%) were positive, 53 (17.6%) were polymicrobial, and 37 (12.3%) were negative. Of 351 total isolates, 165 (47%) were Gram‐negative, 125 (35.6%) Gram‐positive, 14 (4%) fungi, and 10 (2.8%) anaerobic. 46.9% of postoperative organisms were not cultured preoperatively. Gram‐negative bacteria included Enterobacteriaceae (17.7%), Pseudomonas spp. (10.5%), Serratia spp. (5.1%). Gram‐positive bacteria included Methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, 17.1%) and Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA, 8%). Antibiotic resistances included MSSA to penicillins (52.8%) and clindamycin (32.8%), and MRSA resistance to quinolones (53.6%) and clindamycin (35.7%). Enterobacteriaceae were 42% resistant to amoxicillin‐clavulanate and 37.1% to penicillins, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 17.7% resistant to quinolones.ConclusionA cohort of chronic rhinosinusitis patients post‐sinus surgery grew a large proportion of Gram‐negative organisms and significant Staphylococcal penicillin and Gram‐negative amoxicillin‐clavulanate resistance. Our findings indicate the benefit of culturing patients with this patient presentation. If cultures cannot be obtained, we suggest broad‐spectrum antibiotics that consider wide Gram‐negative coverage and local antibiotic resistance patterns.
Face and Content Validity of Tympanostomy Tube Simulator With Variable Canal Size
Authors: Monk Aurelia S. , Larabee Landon , Bacon Daniel R. , Woodard Andrew , Kimple Adam J. , DeMason Christine E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSimulators allow junior otolaryngology residents to practice the delicate procedure of pressure equalization tube (PET) insertion. However, most simulators lack the ability to mimic the differing anatomic complexities between patients, such as variable external auditory canal (EAC) size. We developed a novel low‐cost, medium‐fidelity 3‐dimensional‐printed PET simulator with different EAC sizes to better reflect procedure complexity. Additionally, a variety of materials were tested to mimic the elastic modulus of the tympanic membrane, with “Press'n Seal” cling film being chosen for its cost‐effectiveness and tactile similarity. Ten otolaryngologists performed PET insertion on both EAC sizes followed by a survey to assess face and content validity. Results indicated both high face and content validity, with most participants agreeing the simulator provided a realistic experience and would be useful for training. While our study has a small sample size, our PET simulator adds a unique and valuable addition to PET training.
Applying the Singapore Model in Cambodia and Thailand? Implications for Transnational Policy Transfer
Authors: Lee Celia , Liu Hong , Van Cao Thi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe dominant narrative has traditionally framed the Global North as the source of effective political and economic development, with knowledge and expertise flowing unidirectionally to the Global South. However, the rise of the Global South has fostered institutionalized South‒South exchanges, enabling nations to move beyond aid‐recipient roles and engage in mutual learning. This article expands the discourse on policy transfer by examining Singapore's executive development programmes for Cambodian and Thai public officials (2014–2023). Unlike North‒South transfers, typically characterized by donor dominance, South‒South exchanges highlight the active participation of multiple stakeholders and the critical importance of local contexts in shaping outcomes. The findings reveal that successful South‒South policy transfer is contingent upon both structural adaptation and a fundamental shift in mindset. By emphasizing these complexities, this study provides fresh insights into the evolving dynamics of global development and the agency of the Global South.