bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Preoperative Screening for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Effectively Predict Surgical Site Infections in Spine Surgeries?
Authors: Pillai Suresh S. , Dennison Premdeep , Manikandan T. , Sudarsana J. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:
Hospital care-associated infections prolong hospital stay and thus increased financial burden, causes long-term disability and mortality in patients and can increase resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most frequent type of hospital care-associated infections in the developing countries. Staphylococcus is the most commonly isolated organism with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) posing a great threat. The most common human reservoir for S. aureus is the nares. We propose a study to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative screening of MRSA by nasal and throat culture by correlating it with postoperative SSI.

Study Design:
Prospective study.

Purpose of the Study:
1. To determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization in a population of patients scheduled for elective spine surgery. 2. To determine whether preoperative nasal and throat swab cultures for MRSA are predictive of postoperative SSI in patients undergoing spine surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred and forty-eight patients who underwent spine surgery at Baby Memorial Hospital, Calicut, from December 2018 onward are included in this study. Patients who had spine surgeries for infections were excluded from the study. Patients who developed postoperative SSIs were cross-checked with preoperative data and analyzed whether the infecting organism is same as in the preoperative nasal and throat swab culture (if it is present). The significance of the correlation between preoperative nasal and throat swab culture and postoperative SSI are assessed statistically with Chi-square test.

Discussion:
Among the 248 patients in this study, preoperative nasal and throat swab culture yielded MRSA in 27 patients (nasal – 24, throat – 2, and both – 1). Out of 248 patients, 6 patients developed SSIs with MRSA, but none of them had MRSA in preoperative nasal or throat swab culture.

Conclusion:
Preoperative MRSA screening by throat and nasal swab is not routinely needed in spine surgery as it appears to carry no positive predictive value in postoperative SSIs.
Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum Injection in the Treatment of Dupuytren's Contracture
Authors: Reddy Gandavaram Srikanth , Kattimani Raviprasad , Dojode Chetan M , Bhattacharjee Dhritiman , Mohil Randeep 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Dupuytren's Contracture is a condition affecting the fascia in hands and fingers causing finger bends in toward the palm. This debilitating disease can affect the activities of daily living. Surgery has been the main stay of treatment, but it is not devoid of complications. Recently, Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum injection has shown better results. There is concern over the efficacy and safety. There is a need for a systematic review that provides high-quality evidence to help surgeons choose the appropriate treatment.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the Collagenase Clostridium histolyticum injection by assessing the outcome; correction of deformity, increase in range of movement (ROM) of the finger, and patient satisfaction and also to identify the adverse reactions and recurrence rate.

Methods:
A systematic review was undertaken. Literature search was done using strict search criteria from electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BNI, and Cochrane Library) and trial registers. Two independent authors conducted the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment of each study. Narrative approach to data synthesis was adopted.

Results:
Four randomized controlled trials, four observational studies, and two follow-up studies were included. In all the studies, favorable outcomes in deformity correction and increase in ROM were found. Injection treatment had more mild-to-moderate complications which was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The review suggests favorable outcome following collagenase injection, especially in metacarpophalygeal joint contractures. More research is needed to assess its efficacy in proximal interphalygeal joints. There is a need for cost analysis between injection and surgical treatment.
Corticosteroids Utilization in the Management of Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhang Jiahao , Dou Rongzhang , Sun Zhongyi , Yang Jie , He Li , Jiang Nanhui , Huang Rong , Yuan Feng , Xiao Guanfa , Gan Quan , Lu Qiaofa , Peng Zhiyong , Su Lianjiu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
There are controversies regarding corticosteroids using in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in the current pandemic.

Objectives:
This study investigates the efficacy and safety profiles of corticosteroids therapy in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
Retrospective, multicenter study case series of consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection at the whole hospital from January 1 to March 1, 2020, were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, radiological, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. The effect of corticosteroids therapy on death and organ-failure complications of pneumonia were analyzed by logistic regression.

Results:
A total of 470 COVID-19 patients at the whole hospital were enrolled. According to the time of corticosteroids initiation and severity of illness, there were 159 patients stratified into critical ill group and 64% (102 of 159) patients received corticosteroids treatments. Ninety-four percent (166 of 176) of corticosteroids were methylprednisolone. The median cumulative corticosteroids dosage was 300 mg equivalent of methylprednisolone over a median duration of 6 days. Multivariate regression analysis showed that corticosteroids use did not affect the mortality. However, corticosteroids therapy at moderate cumulative doses (total exposure 480 mg to 1200 mg) was associated with deceased occurrence of organ-failure complications in critically ill COVID-19.

Conclusions:
Corticosteroids have no effect to mortality in COVID-19 patients. The moderate cumulative doses of corticosteroids might decrease organ-failure complications in critically ill COVID-19. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm our findings, until then use of corticosteroids should be used with caution COVID-19 patients.
Molecular Characterization of Dengue Viruses during an Outbreak in Kolkata: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Mukherjee Kheya , Sarkar Rehena , Bhattacharjee Debojyoti , Baske Upasana , Manna Asis , Das Oindrila 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection in the tropical regions of the world, has recently become a major public health concern. In West Bengal, several outbreaks of dengue fever occurred in the past few years. In the present study, serological analysis, molecular detection, and serotyping of dengue virus were done to identify the serotype/s presently circulating in the region.

Methods:
The present study was conducted for a period of 1 year from November 2017 to October 2018 in the Department of Microbiology, ID and BG Hospital, Kolkata. 5240 blood samples collected from clinically suspected dengue fever cases were screened for dengue specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody by MAC-ELISA and NS1 antigen by NS1 ELISA according to the duration of fever as per the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program guidelines. Molecular detection and serotyping were done in 70 NS1 positive samples by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Total 5240 samples were tested for dengue. About 30.48% (1597) were serologically reactive for dengue infection (either IgM or NS1). Among these, 80.52% (1286) were NS1 reactive and 19.47% (311) were IgM reactive. Male predominance (66.37%) was observed throughout the study period. A post monsoon season peak was also noted in our study. DEN2 was found as most prevalent serotype presently circulating in the region.

Conclusions:
Laboratory-based active surveillance system is required which can forecast dengue epidemics by detecting increasing number of dengue cases or changing pattern in the prevalent serotype as a specific serotype (viz.DEN2) is associated with higher incidence of complications. This will help alert the public and physicians to diagnose properly and treat cautiously the complicated dengue cases.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Food Hygiene among Food Handlers of Eating Establishments of a Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sakore Deepika Nanabhau , Parande Malangori Abdulgani , Bhattacharya Susmita 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Food handler is any person who handles food, regardless whether he/she actually prepares or serves it. The chances of food getting contaminated depend on their knowledge of food hygiene and its application. Any incidence of food-borne diseases that affect medical students and doctors can result not only in sickness absenteeism but also in case of transmission of pathogen to patients and their relatives which ultimately affect the health care services to a great extent. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of food hygiene and safety among food handlers of eating establishments of medical college and attached hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A present, cross-sectional study conducted among all the food handlers of food establishments in the premises of Medical College and attached General Hospital in Pune in June–July 2017 selected by the universal sampling method. They were interviewed with prestructured questionnaire. The data were entered in MS excel and analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2.

Results:
A total 105 food handlers, mean age of 29.4 ± 11.02 years were enrolled. Maximum study participants 71 (67.6%) had good knowledge, 74 (70.5%) had favorable attitude, and 82 (78.1%) had good practice. There was positive relationship between both knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice, also attitude and practice. It can be anticipated that as knowledge will increase, attitude, and practice will improve accordingly.

Conclusion:
Education, training, and the development of food safety certification examinations are the key components in the process of ensuring that food handlers are proficient in and knowledgeable about food safety and sanitation principles.
Cerebral Vasospasm, Intracardiac Clot, Wellens Syndrome, and Popliteal Vein Aneurysm in a Hypercoagulable State in Lassa Fever
Authors: Njemanze Philip Chidi , Darlington Chinwendu C. , Ofoegbu Clara C. , Nneke Esther C. , Ohaegbulem Ijeoma A. , Onuchukwu Joy E. , Mgbenu Chinenye U. , Ukeje Nneoma E. , Ukaegbu Chidimma O. , Marvis Amuchie , Mezu Clinton O. , Anaele Juliet Chizoma , Amaefule Doris C. , Uzoma Ogechi , Mbara Chinonso 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Lassa fever could precipitate a condition of hypercoagulable state with multiple organ involvement. We report an unusual presentation of cerebral vasospasm, intracardiac clot, Wellens syndrome, and popliteal vein aneurysm in a case of Lassa fever. We demonstrate the use of noninvasive imaging in the diagnosis and management of hypercoagulable state in a first case presentation in Lassa fever.

Methods:
We present a 53-year-old Nigerian woman, with a high-grade fever (39°C) that was associated with chills, headaches, insomnia, anxiety, chest pain, diaphoresis, palpitation, general weakness, muscle aches in all extremities, muscle cramps, dizziness spells, hyperacusis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematochezia, and abdominal pain. She admitted that her home is infested with rodents. Physical examination revealed severe anemia. Laboratory tests including blood sample analysis and biochemistry were conducted. Lassa fever was confirmed using Lassa virus-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests. Electrocardiography (ECG), two-dimensional echocardiography, venous duplex ultrasound of the leg veins, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound were performed.

Results:
Blood tests showed electrolyte imbalance and hypertriglyceridemia. Ultrasound tests revealed intracardiac clots with dyskinetic apical septal wall motion abnormality, saccular aneurysm with popliteal venous thrombosis of the right leg popliteal vein, and cerebral vasospasm of the right internal carotid artery due to cardiogenic microemboli. ECG demonstrated Wellens syndrome. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ribavirin, whole blood transfusion, broad-spectrum antibiotics, isosorbide dinitrate, pentoxifylline, metronidazole, antimalarial, dexamethasone, erythropoietin, anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin), and supportive care.

Conclusion:
Noninvasive ultrasound modalities were useful for early detection and treatment of hypercoagulable state in Lassa fever.
Technical Notes on High-Frequency Ultrasound Duodenography and Colonography Imaging of Giardial Lesions
Authors: Njemanze Philip C. , Njemanze Josephine T. , Ofoegbu Clara C. , Nneke Esther , Onweni Ijeoma A. , Ejiogu Uchechi V. , Mgbenu Chinenye U. , Ukeje Nneoma E. , Amadi Anthonia C. , Amaefule Doris C. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Worldwide G. lamblia is the third most common agent of diarrheal disease with over 300 million cases annually. Simple technical notes for clinicians are presented on use of high-frequency ultrasound imaging for duodenography and colonography in patients with Giardia lamblia infection.

Methods:
Ultrasound images were obtained from 100 consecutive patients with symptomatic giardiasis and 40 healthy controls. High-frequency annular array transducer of 7.5 MHz was used to obtain B-mode ultrasound grayscale and color images of the duodenum and colon with and without water contrast. The diagnosis of G. lamblia was based on clinical presentation, serial stool microscopy, and finding of flagellates in duodenal aspirates.

Results:
We demonstrated normal duodenum and colon echoanatomy in control subjects. In patients with giardiasis, the lesions of the duodenum and colon were associated with increased dimensions and wall thickness compared to healthy controls (P < 0.05). The ultrasound features of giardial lesions were characterized by increased wall echogenicity, flattening or loss of duodenal folds and/or colonic haustration, hyperechoic floating foci demonstrating chaotic motility, increased perilesional tissue echogenicity, and altered colonic peristalsis.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, high-frequency B-mode ultrasound imaging with and without water contrast demonstrated the details of duodenal and colonic echoanatomy in normal subjects and patients with giardiasis. The technique could be applied in the clinical setting of rural practitioners.
Characteristics and Management of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Malik Azhar A. , Aziz Faisal , Beshyah Salem A. , Aldahmani Khaled M. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Recent guidelines in the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) recommend limiting surgery. However, trends in the characteristics and management of PTMC from the Middle East and North Africa region is lacking.

Objectives:
To determine the clinical features, management strategy, and outcomes of PTMC in a large tertiary care center in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with PTMC (i.e., size ≤10 mm) at Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE, between 2008 and 2019. Tumor histopathology, management strategy, and outcomes were the primary analyzed variables.

Results:
A total of 213 patients with PTMC met the inclusion criteria, of which 83.6% were women and 58.7% were Emiratis. The majority had the classical tumor subtype (76.1%) and tumor of size 5–10 mm (71.4%). Multifocal disease was present in 41.1% and lymph node metastasis (LNM) in 16.6% of the patients. According to the 2015 American Thyroid Association categorization, the majority (93.9%) had a low-risk disease, and all except one patient had Stage 1 disease. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 91.1% of the patients, and 47.9% received radioiodine (RAI) therapy. None of the patients were under active surveillance strategy. RAI treatment was used more often in patients with non-incidental tumors, larger tumor size, multifocal disease, positive LNM, tumors in the intermediate/high ATA category, and those who underwent total thyroidectomy or neck dissection (for all, P < 0.05). After a median follow-up of 32.4 months, about 73% had an excellent response to dynamic risk stratification assessment, and only one patient had disease recurrence.

Conclusions:
The majority of the patients had low-risk PTMC, yet most patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and almost 50% were treated with RAI ablation. Further studies are needed to determine if these trends are also present regionally and to explore reasons for not adopting a less aggressive approach in this indolent tumor.
Clinico-Pathological Analysis of Osteomyelitis in Cancrum Oris (Noma) Patients Seen in Noma Children Hospital, Northwest Nigeria
Authors: MUJTABA Bala , CHIMEZIE Chukwuma Benedict , ADEBAYO Aremu Ibikunle , TAIWO Abdurrazaq  Olanrewaju , NDUBUIZU Godwin Ugochukwu , FAWA Abubakar Sadeeq 
Published: January 2022

Background: Cancrum oris is a rapid and devastating infectious disease of the orofacial region, which can be life threatening in its fulminant stage. Infection of bone (osteomyelitis) is a possible sequelae of Noma (cancrum oris) and is more likely due to late presentation especially in our environment. A literature search revealed scanty research describing osteomyelitis in Noma patients.
Objective: To analyze the clinico–pathology of osteomyelitis in Noma patients diagnosed and treated at Noma Children Hospital, Sokoto.
Methods: The design was a 2-year retrospective study of records of Thirty–two patients who had sequestrectomy secondary to osteomyelitis in Noma (Cancrum oris). Age, gender, jaws affected and side of involvement were analyzed
Results: The age ranged from 2–11 years with mean ±standard deviation 5.47 ± 2.68 years was recorded. Osteomyelitis in Noma patients was found among 17 (53.10%) males compared to 15 (46.90%) females. In 20 (62. 50%) of the cases, anterior maxillary involvement was observed and the remaining 12 (37. 50%) was found at the mandibular posterior region and it is more common on the left side. Result of histopathology showed both acute and chronic inflammatory cells. Necrosis and bone hyperactivity was observed in most of the slides.
Conclusion: Osteomyelitis is a common complication of Noma and its treatment is of paramount importance for adequate management of Noma patients.
Sikap Etis Kristen Terhadap Praktek Mengubah Lirik Lagu Dalam Nyanyian Sekuler Menjadi Nyanyian Rohani Kristen Di Dalam Gereja
Authors: Sari Sinta Kumala 
Published: January 2022

Mengubah lirik lagu nyanian sekuler menjadi nyanyian rohani yang dinyanyikan juga dalam ibadah sedang terjadi di kalangan gereja masa kini. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan oleh gereja dengan tujuan untuk mewartakan kasih Allah. Namun demikian gereja tetap perlu mempertimbangankan dua sikap etis yaitu pertama, meminta izin terlebih dahulu dengan pemilik hak cipta; kedua, lirik lagu yang telah diubah tidak dinyanyikan dalam ibadah di gereja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisa interaktif yaitu penggumpulan data literatur pustaka, penyajian data, reduksi data dan penarikan kesimpulan.
Upaya Pembinaan Warga Gereja Dalam Mengatasi Degradasi Moral Pada Kaum Muda
Authors: Nurlatu Jesly , Tafonao Marlina , Mosin Tera , Setiawan David Eko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMoral degradation is a form of moral decline or quality, as has happened to young people, including the prevalence of adultery practices. This is due to the ineffectiveness of moral development carried out by parents, the community and the church towards young people, making young people very vulnerable to becoming perpetrators of crimes in the sense that they are no longer victims of crimes. Then, how is the church's efforts in overcoming the moral degradation that is happening among young people? To answer these problems, the author uses the library method. The results of the author's research are that the moral degradation that exists in the midst of young people's lives can be overcome through the formation of church members, including teaching life in God's truth, holistic renewal, involving young people in church services, providing Biblical teaching according to their categories, develop programs for youth and provide follow-up coaching services. The purpose of this study is to explain the efforts to foster church members in overcoming moral degradation in young people.AbstrakDegradasi moral merupakan suatu bentuk adanya penurunan moral atau mutu, seperti yang terjadi pada kaum muda diantaranya maraknya praktik-praktik perzinahan. Hal ini disebabkan karena kurang efektifnya pembinaan moral yang dilakukan oleh orang tua, masyarakat dan gereja terhadap kaum muda. Hal ini membuat kaum muda sangat rentan untuk menjadi pelaku tindakan kejahatan dalam artian tidak lagi menjadi korban dari tindakan kejahatan. Lalu, bagaimanakah upaya gereja dalam mengatasi degradasi moral yang tengah terjadi di kalangan kaum muda? Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian penulis adalah bahwa degradasi moral yang ada di tengah-tengah kehidupan kaum muda dapat diatasi melalui pembinaan warga gereja, diantaranya adalah pengajaran hidup dalam kebenaran Allah, pembaharuan secara holistik, melibatkan kaum muda dalam pelayanan di gereja, memberikan pengajaran secara Alkitabiah sesuai kategorinya, menyusun program bagi kaum muda dan melakukan pelayanan pembinaan lanjutan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan upaya pembinaan warga gereja dalam mengatasi degradasi moral pada kaum muda.
Reacciones post vacuna SINOPHARM COVID-19 en el personal de salud -Huancayo 2021.
Authors: Poma Salinas Jenny Giovanna , Garcia Inga Belinda Olga , Martínez Véliz Marivel Rosa , Cuadros Ríos Rosario Eleana 
Published: January 2022

En un esfuerzo mundial por combatir la pandemia de COVID-19, se inicia la vacunación contra la COVID-19, en el Perú el 9 de febrero 2021, vacunando prioritariamente al personal de salud con la vacuna de SINOPHARM. Siendo desconocido lo que esta vacuna traería consigo como reacciones, surge el presente trabajo. Objetivo: Identificar las reacciones más frecuentes post vacuna contra el Covid-19 SINOPHARM en la primera y segunda dosis en el personal de Salud del Hospital El Carmen, Huancayo 2021. Material y Métodos: Estudio básico y descriptivo, la muestra conformada 284 miembros del personal del hospital. Resultados: El 71,1% tiene de 20 a 49 años, 80,3% son de sexo femenino, 33,4% reaccionaron en la primera dosis, 48,9% reaccionaron en la segunda dosis, 59,2% salió positivo a COVID 19 antes de ser vacunado, 18,3% salió positivo después de ser vacunado contra la COVID 19, 39,4% no tuvieron ninguna reacción inmediata en la primera dosis, 18,3% tuvieron reacciones locales: 16,2% hinchazón, 16,2% picor en la zona de vacunación, 4,9% escleroderma , 4,9% salpullido; en la segunda dosis, el 62,7% no tuvo ninguna reacción, 10,9% hinchazón, 9,5% picor en la zona de vacunación, 7% reacciones locales, 7% salpullido, 2,8% escleroderma, 54,5% en la primera dosis, 90,1% no reaccionaron posteriormente en la segunda dosis. Conclusiones: las reacciones más frecuentes post vacuna contra el Covid-19 SINOPHARM en la primera y segunda dosis en el personal de Salud del Hospital, fueron dolor muscular 16,6% en la primera dosis y 13,5% en la segunda dosis.