bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HoloFoldit and Hologrammatically Extended Cognition
Authors: Turner Cody 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHow does the integration of mixed reality devices into our cognitive practices impact the mind from a metaphysical and epistemological perspective? In his innovative and interdisciplinary article, “Minds in the Metaverse: Extended Cognition Meets Mixed Reality” (2022), Paul Smart addresses this underexplored question, arguing that the use of a hypothetical application of the Microsoft HoloLens called “the HoloFoldit” represents a technologically high-grade form of extended cognizing from the perspective of neo-mechanical philosophy. This short commentary aims to (1) carve up the conceptual landscape of possible objections to Smart’s argument and (2) elaborate on the possibility of hologrammatically extended cognition, which is supposed to be one of the features of the HoloFoldit case that distinguishes it from more primitive forms of cognitive extension. In tackling (1), I do not mean to suggest that Smart does not consider or have sufficient answers to these objections. In addressing (2), the goal is not to argue for or against the possibility of hologrammatically extended cognition but to reveal some issues in the metaphysics of virtual reality upon which this possibility hinges. I construct an argument in favor of hologrammatically extended cognition based on the veracity of virtual realism (Chalmers, 2017) and an argument against it based on the veracity of virtual fictionalism (McDonnell and Wildman, 2019).
Fraud, corruption, and collusion in public procurement activities, a systematic literature review on data-driven methods
Authors: Lyra Marcos S. , Damásio Bruno , Pinheiro Flávio L. , Bacao Fernando 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFraud, corruption, and collusion are the most common types of crime in public procurement processes; they produce significant monetary losses, inefficiency, and misuse of the public treasury. However, empirical research in this area to detect these crimes is still insufficient. This article presents a systematic literature review focusing on the most contemporary data-driven techniques applied to crime detection in public procurement. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology was adopted to identify typical elements that lead to crimes in public contracting. We collected scientific papers and analyzed the selected research using the Scopus repository. We evaluated and summarized findings related to crime detection techniques based mainly on machine learning and network science, as well as studies using fraud risk indices. Some methodologies presented promising results in identifying crimes, especially those using labeled data and machine learning techniques. However, due to the frequent unavailability of pre-labeled data on past cases, analysis through network science tools has become more evident and relevant in exploratory research.
A review of air-breathing electric propulsion: from mission studies to technology verification
Authors: Andreussi Tommaso , Ferrato Eugenio , Giannetti Vittorio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAir-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) allows for lowering the altitude of spacecraft operations below 250 km, in the so-called Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEOs). Operations in VLEOs will give radical advantages in terms of orbit accessibility, payload performance, protection from radiations, and end-of-life disposal. ABEP combines an intake to collect the residual atmosphere in front of the spacecraft and an electric thruster to ionize and accelerate the atmospheric particles. Such residual gas can be exploited as a renewable resource not only to keep the spacecraft on a VLEO, but also to remove the main limiting factor of spacecraft lifetime, i.e., the amount of stored propellant. Several realizations of the ABEP concept have been proposed, but the few end-to-end experimental campaigns highlighted the need to improve the concept functional design and the representativeness of simulated atmospheric flows. The difficulty in recreating the VLEO environment in a laboratory limits the data available to validate scaling laws and modelling efforts. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the main research and development efforts on the ABEP technology.
Sarcasm in Paul’s Letters
Authors: Pawlak Matthew 
Published: December 2022

In this book, Matthew Pawlak offers the first treatment of sarcasm in New Testament studies. He provides an extensive analysis of sarcastic passages across the undisputed letters of Paul, showing where Paul is sarcastic, and how his sarcasm affects our understanding of his rhetoric and relationships with the Early Christian congregations in Galatia, Rome, and Corinth. Pawlak's identification of sarcasm is supported by a dataset of 400 examples drawn from a broad range of ancient texts, including major case studies on Septuagint Job, the prophets, and Lucian of Samosata. These data enable the determination of the typical linguistic signals of sarcasm in ancient Greek, as well as its rhetorical functions. Pawlak also addresses several ongoing discussions in Pauline scholarship. His volume advances our understanding of the abrupt opening of Galatians, diatribe and Paul's hypothetical interlocutor in Romans, the 'Corinthian slogans' of First Corinthians, and the 'fool's speech' found within Second Corinthians 10-13.
Iwasawa–Greenberg main conjecture for nonordinary modular forms and Eisenstein congruences on GU(3,1)
Authors: Castella Francesc , Liu Zheng , Wan Xin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prove one divisibility of the Iwasawa–Greenberg main conjecture for the Rankin–Selberg product of a weight two cusp form and an ordinary complex multiplication form of higher weight, using congruences between Klingen Eisenstein series and cusp forms on$\mathrm {GU}(3,1)$, generalizing an earlier result of the third-named author to allow nonordinary cusp forms. The main result is a key input in the third-named author’s proof of Kobayashi’s$\pm $-main conjecture for supersingular elliptic curves. The new ingredient here is developing a semiordinary Hida theory along an appropriate smaller weight space and a study of the semiordinary Eisenstein family.
Tree trace reconstruction using subtraces
Authors: Brailovskaya Tatiana , Rácz Miklós Z. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTree trace reconstruction aims to learn the binary node labels of a tree, given independent samples of the tree passed through an appropriately defined deletion channel. In recent work, Davies, Rácz, and Rashtchian [10] used combinatorial methods to show that
$\exp({\mathrm{O}} (k \log_{k} n))$
samples suffice to reconstruct a complete k-ary tree with n nodes with high probability. We provide an alternative proof of this result, which allows us to generalize it to a broader class of tree topologies and deletion models. In our proofs we introduce the notion of a subtrace, which enables us to connect with and generalize recent mean-based complex analytic algorithms for string trace reconstruction.
Isolated coarctation repair through a left thoracotomy in children
Authors: Bakhshaliyev Shiraslan , Genç Serhat Bahadır , Çitoğlu Görkem , Özalp Zeynep Gülben Kük , Ergün Servet , Kamali Hacer , Yildiz Okan , Selen Onan İsmihan , Guzeltas Alper , Haydin Sertac 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Isolated aortic coarctation performed through a left thoracotomy resection and end-to-end anastomosis results in low mortality and morbidity rates. Recoarctation and late hypertension are among the most important complications after such repairs. In this study, we reviewed the results of children who underwent left-side thoracotomy to correct an isolated aortic coarctation.Method:A consecutive sample of 90 patients who underwent resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis through a left-side thoracotomy in our centre between 2011 and 2021 was retrospectively analysed. The patients' preoperative characteristics, operative data, and post-operative early and long-term results were examinedResults:All patients underwent resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis. A pulmonary artery band was applied simultaneously to three (3.3%) patients, and an aberrant right subclavian artery division was applied to one (1.1%) patient. The mean cross-clamp time was 29.13 ± 6.97 minutes. Two (2.2%) patients required reoperation in the early period. Mortality was observed in one (1.1%) patient in the early period. Eight (8.8%) patients developed recoarctation, of whom four (4.4%) underwent reoperation and four (4.4%) underwent balloon angioplasty. Twenty-two (26.8%) patients received follow-up antihypertensive treatment. The mean follow-up period was 41.3 ± 22.8 months. No mortality was observed in the late period.Conclusion:Isolated coarctation is successfully treated with left-side thoracotomy resection and an extended end-to-end anastomosis technique with low mortality, morbidity, and low long-term recoarctation rates. Long-term follow-up is required due to the risks of early and late post-operative recoarctation, which requires reintervention.
Field performance of a red clover germplasm selected for increased tolerance to 2,4-D
Authors: Araujo Lucas P. , Burke Tara , Dinkins Randy , Barrett Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study compared the field performance of red clover germplasm UK2014, selected for 2,4-D tolerance, to Kenland, a standard variety grown in the transition zone of the United States. UK2014 and Kenland were seeded in the spring of 2017 and 2018. Single applications of 0, 1.12, or 2.24 kg ae ha−1 2,4-D-amine were made in June, August, or October. One week after the treatments, yields were determined. Visible herbicide injury ratings were made prior to harvest and regrowth was visibly assessed 1 wk after harvest. Red clover stands were visibly assessed the following spring. Kenland, across all application timings, was injured by 2,4-D more than UK2014, with mean injury ratings of 39% and 63% compared with 26% and 37% at 1.12 and 2.24 kg 2,4-D ae ha−1, respectively. At equivalent rates, Kenland regrowth was less than UK2014 at all application timings. UK2014 regrowth after 2,4-D treatment ranged from 65% to 91%, whereas Kenland regrowth ranged from 12% to 72%. Applications of 2,4-D in October were the most damaging to stands of both UK2014 and Kenland the following spring, but Kenland stands were reduced much more than those of UK2014. Kenland and UK2014 had similar season total yields when not treated with 2,4-D (means of 7,550 and 7,880 dry matter kg ha−1, respectively in 2017 and 5,280 dry matter kg ha−1 for both in 2018). Kenland season total yield in 2017 was reduced by both 2,4-D rates applied in June or August and at all timings in 2018. UK2014 season total yield in 2017 was reduced only when 2.24 kg 2,4-D ae ha−1 was applied in August. In 2018, 2.24 kg ae ha−1 2,4-D resulted in reduced UK2014 season total yield across application timings. UK2014 has greater 2,4-D tolerance than Kenland, but additional selection might be beneficial.
Complex Crustal Deformation Beneath the Cathaysia Block in South China: Evidence From Receiver Function Analysis
Authors: Li Mengkui , Zhang Shuangxi , Wei Yu , Xu Chen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBy harmonically fitting the arrival times of the P‐to‐S converted phases from the Moho, we systematically investigate the crustal anisotropy beneath the Cathaysia Block (CaB) and the surrounding areas in South China for the first time. The measured anisotropy parameters show strong lateral variations with an average splitting time of 0.35 ± 0.12 s. The resulting fast directions exhibit clear geographic variations with two possible boundaries that separate the CaB into three parts. The inconsistent fast direction of crustal anisotropy among each part, and the comparisons with teleseismic XKS splitting measurements indicate that the mechanisms of crustal deformation vary between distinct regions. The crust deforms coherently with the upper mantle in the western CaB, which is possibly driven by mantle flow. The fast directions of crustal anisotropy in the central CaB exhibit a radial pattern and show large discrepancies with XKS splitting measurements. We suggest that the crust has a complex deformation mechanism in this region. We propose a new scenario that emphasizes the interaction of the crust and upper mantle for interpreting the radial‐patterned crustal anisotropy, which involves the processes of subduction plate rollback, asthenospheric upwelling, crustal melting and lithospheric mantle intrusion. The fast directions of crustal anisotropy in the eastern CaB are dominantly parallel to the continental margin, suggesting subduction‐controlled crustal deformation in this region.
Sub‐Tropical Aerosols Enhance Tropical Cloudiness—A Remote Aerosol‐Cloud Lifetime Effect
Authors: Dagan Guy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClouds' susceptibility to aerosols is considered to be a leading source of uncertainty in climate research. An inability to account simultaneously for the large range of scales involved in cloud‐aerosol‐climate interactions has hindered the progress of research. In this study, using a novel system of idealized large‐eddy‐simulations that explicitly resolves clouds but also accounts, in an idealized manner, for large‐scale changes in the thermodynamic and dynamic conditions and for inter‐cloud regime coupling, it is shown that aerosol perturbation in the sub‐tropics increases cloudiness in the tropics. Specifically, aerosol‐driven sub‐tropical rain suppression leads to increased advection of cold and moist air from the sub‐tropics to the tropics, thus enhancing tropical cloudiness. The increased tropical cloudiness has a strong cooling effect by reflecting more of the incoming solar radiation. The classical “aerosol‐cloud lifetime effect” is shown here to have a small local effect (in the sub‐tropics) but a strong remote effect (sub‐tropical aerosols increase cloudiness in the tropics), thus widening the concept of cloud adjustments to aerosol perturbation.
Evolving landscape of PD-L2: bring new light to checkpoint immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Du Jiang , Gao Zhenyue , Sun Haoyang , Mei Mei , Wang Yu , Ren Yu , Zhou Xuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has revolutionized the landscape of multiple human cancer types, including head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), a PD-1 ligand, mediates cancer cell immune escape (or tolerance independent of PD-L1) and predicts poor prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory process of PD-L2 expression may stratify patients with HNSCC to benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this review, we summarised the PD-L2 expression and its immune-dependent and independent functions in HNSCC and other solid tumours. We focused on recent findings on the mechanisms that regulate PD-L2 at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, also in intercellular communication of tumour microenvironment (TME). We also discussed the prospects of using small molecular agents indirectly targeting PD-L2 in cancer therapy. These findings may provide a notable avenue in developing novel and effective PD-L2-targeted therapeutic strategies for immune combination therapy and uncovering biomarkers that improve the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapies.
Filamentous nuclear actin regulation of PML NBs during the DNA damage response is deregulated by prelamin A
Authors: Cobb Andrew M. , De Silva Shanelle A. , Hayward Robert , Sek Karolina , Ulferts Svenja , Grosse Robert , Shanahan Catherine M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNuclear actin participates in a continuously expanding list of core processes within eukaryotic nuclei, including the maintenance of genomic integrity. In response to DNA damage, nuclear actin polymerises into filaments that are involved in the repair of damaged DNA through incompletely defined mechanisms. We present data to show that the formation of nuclear F-actin in response to genotoxic stress acts as a scaffold for PML NBs and that these filamentous networks are essential for PML NB fission and recruitment of microbodies to DNA lesions. Further to this, we demonstrate that the accumulation of the toxic lamin A precursor prelamin A induces mislocalisation of nuclear actin to the nuclear envelope and prevents the establishment of nucleoplasmic F-actin networks in response to stress. Consequently, PML NB dynamics and recruitment to DNA lesions is ablated, resulting in impaired DNA damage repair. Inhibition of nuclear export of formin mDia2 restores nuclear F-actin formation by augmenting polymerisation of nuclear actin in response to stress and rescues PML NB localisation to sites of DNA repair, leading to reduced levels of DNA damage.
TRAIL receptors promote constitutive and inducible IL-8 secretion in non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Favaro Francesca , Luciano-Mateo Fedra , Moreno-Caceres Joaquim , Hernández-Madrigal Miguel , Both Demi , Montironi Chiara , Püschel Franziska , Nadal Ernest , Eldering Eric , Muñoz-Pinedo Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInterleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) is a pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory chemokine that plays a role in cancer development. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) produces high amounts of IL-8, which is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemo-radio and immunotherapy. However, the signaling pathways that lead to IL-8 production in NSCLC are unresolved. Here, we show that expression and release of IL-8 are regulated autonomously by TRAIL death receptors in several squamous and adenocarcinoma NSCLC cell lines. NSCLC constitutively secrete IL-8, which could be further enhanced by glucose withdrawal or by treatment with TRAIL or TNFα. In A549 cells, constitutive and inducible IL-8 production was dependent on NF-κB and MEK/ERK MAP Kinases. DR4 and DR5, known regulators of these signaling pathways, participated in constitutive and glucose deprivation-induced IL-8 secretion. These receptors were mainly located intracellularly. While DR4 signaled through the NF-κB pathway, DR4 and DR5 both regulated the ERK-MAPK and Akt pathways. FADD, caspase-8, RIPK1, and TRADD also regulated IL-8. Analysis of mRNA expression data from patients indicated that IL-8 transcripts correlated with TRAIL, DR4, and DR5 expression levels. Furthermore, TRAIL receptor expression levels also correlated with markers of angiogenesis and neutrophil infiltration in lung squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Collectively, these data suggest that TRAIL receptor signaling contributes to a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory signature associated with NSCLC.
Estimating diagnostic uncertainty in artificial intelligence assisted pathology using conformal prediction
Authors: Olsson Henrik , Kartasalo Kimmo , Mulliqi Nita , Capuccini Marco , Ruusuvuori Pekka , Samaratunga Hemamali , Delahunt Brett , Lindskog Cecilia , Janssen Emiel A. M. , Blilie Anders ,   ISUP Prostate Imagebase Expert Panel, Egevad Lars , Spjuth Ola , Eklund Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnreliable predictions can occur when an artificial intelligence (AI) system is presented with data it has not been exposed to during training. We demonstrate the use of conformal prediction to detect unreliable predictions, using histopathological diagnosis and grading of prostate biopsies as example. We digitized 7788 prostate biopsies from 1192 men in the STHLM3 diagnostic study, used for training, and 3059 biopsies from 676 men used for testing. With conformal prediction, 1 in 794 (0.1%) predictions is incorrect for cancer diagnosis (compared to 14 errors [2%] without conformal prediction) while 175 (22%) of the predictions are flagged as unreliable when the AI-system is presented with new data from the same lab and scanner that it was trained on. Conformal prediction could with small samples (N = 49 for external scanner, N = 10 for external lab and scanner, and N = 12 for external lab, scanner and pathology assessment) detect systematic differences in external data leading to worse predictive performance. The AI-system with conformal prediction commits 3 (2%) errors for cancer detection in cases of atypical prostate tissue compared to 44 (25%) without conformal prediction, while the system flags 143 (80%) unreliable predictions. We conclude that conformal prediction can increase patient safety of AI-systems.
Absolute excited state molecular geometries revealed by resonance Raman signals
Authors: Batignani Giovanni , Mai Emanuele , Fumero Giuseppe , Mukamel Shaul , Scopigno Tullio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUltrafast reactions activated by light absorption are governed by multidimensional excited-state (ES) potential energy surfaces (PESs), which describe how the molecular potential varies with the nuclear coordinates. ES PESs ad-hoc displaced with respect to the ground state can drive subtle structural rearrangements, accompanying molecular biological activity and regulating physical/chemical properties. Such displacements are encoded in the Franck-Condon overlap integrals, which in turn determine the resonant Raman response. Conventional spectroscopic approaches only access their absolute value, and hence cannot determine the sense of ES displacements. Here, we introduce a two-color broadband impulsive Raman experimental scheme, to directly measure complex Raman excitation profiles along desired normal modes. The key to achieve this task is in the signal linear dependence on the Frank-Condon overlaps, brought about by non-degenerate resonant probe and off-resonant pump pulses, which ultimately enables time-domain sensitivity to the phase of the stimulated vibrational coherences. Our results provide the tool to determine the magnitude and the sensed direction of ES displacements, unambiguously relating them to the ground state eigenvectors reference frame.
Compact Cas9d and HEARO enzymes for genome editing discovered from uncultivated microbes
Authors: Aliaga Goltsman Daniela S. , Alexander Lisa M. , Lin Jyun-Liang , Fregoso Ocampo Rodrigo , Freeman Benjamin , Lamothe Rebecca C. , Perez Rivas Andres , Temoche-Diaz Morayma M. , Chadha Shailaja , Nordenfelt Natalie , Janson Owen P. , Barr Ian , Devoto Audra E. , Cost Gregory J. , Butterfield Cristina N. , Thomas Brian C. , Brown Christopher T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProgrammable, RNA-guided nucleases are diverse enzymes that have been repurposed for biotechnological applications. However, to further expand the therapeutic application of these tools there is a need for targetable systems that are small enough to be delivered efficiently. Here, we mined an extensive genome-resolved metagenomics database and identified families of uncharacterized RNA-guided, compact nucleases (between 450 and 1,050 aa). We report that Cas9d, a new CRISPR type II subtype, contains Zinc-finger motifs and high arginine content, features that we also found in nucleases related to HEARO effectors. These enzymes exhibit diverse biochemical characteristics and are broadly targetable. We show that natural Cas9d enzymes are capable of genome editing in mammalian cells with >90% efficiency, and further engineered nickase variants into the smallest base editors active in E. coli and human cells. Their small size, broad targeting potential, and translatability suggest that Cas9d and HEARO systems will enable a variety of genome editing applications.