bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental increases in detritus boost abundances of small‐bodied fish in a sand‐affected stream
Authors: Cornell Gabriel L. , Hale Robin , Morrongiello John R. , Downes Barbara J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Restoration projects often rely on the assumption that a local intervention will restore diminished populations, without fully understanding the constraints that limit the target species in the first place. In rivers, one common restoration technique is to place large structures, such as wood and boulders, on the bed, with the assumption that fish will subsequently arrive and use them. Nonetheless, providing large habitat structure may not overcome demographic or resource constraints on fish populations, and thus may not aid recovery. We aimed to test if resource constraints (food and cover) are limiting local densities of fishes in a degraded stream by experimentally alleviating these constraints. If the abundance of one or more species is constrained by resource availability, then local numbers of these species should increase following an increase in resources.

To test our prediction, we increased the availability of food and microhabitat complexity (cover) at sites in Hughes Creek, a degraded stream in south‐east Australia that has extensive accumulations of sand and limited in‐stream structure. At treatment sites, we hammered pairs of wooden stakes (25 cm apart) into the stream bed so that the ends of stakes protruded just above the water surface at moderate flows. Stakes effectively trapped passing sticks and leaves, which increased local detrital densities and, subsequently, invertebrate densities, hence providing food and cover for fish. Over the course of a year, we compared the changes in fish abundances at treatment sites to unmanipulated control sites.

Fish responded quickly to enhanced retention of detritus, with assemblage differences observed between treatment and control sites. We caught more river blackfish (Gadopsis marmoratus), southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis), Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica), and mountain galaxias (Galaxias olidus) at treatment sites on some occasions, indicating that these species may be subject to resource constraints in this stream. The magnitude of observed positive fish responses was influenced by the life‐stage of individuals and local stream conditions. Importantly, treatment effects varied through time and were no longer observed after a large flood affected the study stream.

Our results show that resource constraints limit local species abundances and demonstrate a novel method of overcoming these constraints in a small, degraded stream. This is a necessary first step but future work is needed to examine whether increases in abundance are due to the provided resources increasing growth rates, survivorship, or reproduction. This work also highlights the importance of understanding species’ life histories, the broader landscape setting, and the disturbance regime when undertaking site scale restoration.
A clinical approach strategy for the diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of external cervical resorption
Authors: Mavridou Athina‐Maria , Rubbers Eléonore , Schryvers Alexander , Maes Arno , Linssen Marcel , Barendregt Dick S. , Bergmans Lars , Lambrechts Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo propose a clinical approach strategy on the diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of external cervical tooth resorption (ECR) cases. To investigate and discuss the outcome of this approach.MethodologyA clinical approach strategy on ECR was developed based on a retrospective observation study of 542 teeth. Forty‐seven teeth were excluded due to lack of clinical/radiographical information, and 182 were immediately extracted. This approach had three steps: diagnosis, treatment planning and evaluation. During diagnosis, the medical, dental history and clinical/radiographical characteristics were evaluated. Depending on the resorption extent, ECR cases were categorized into four classes according to Heithersay's classification. During treatment planning, a treatment decision flowchart was prepared based on four main decisive criteria: probing feasibility, pain, location and extent of resorption (class), and existence of bone‐like tissue. Three treatment options were applied: (a) extraction, (b) monitoring or (c) conservative treatment by external, internal or combination of internal‐external treatments. During evaluation, assessment of ECR progression, tooth survival and other factors like aesthetics and periodontal attachment were performed. Descriptive statistical analysis of the outcome for up to 10 years (for the overall clinical approach and for each individual treatment decision), was carried out with OriginLabs OriginPro 9 and Microsoft Excel 365.ResultsA three‐step strategy was developed on how to deal with ECR cases. Indicative examples of each treatment decision were presented and discussed. The overall survival rate of this strategy was 84.6% (3 years), 70.3% (5 years), 42.7% (8 years) and 28.6% (10 years). Higher survival rate was observed for external treatment decision than for internal. The success of each treatment decision depended on the extent of the resorption (class). The success of a treatment decision should be based on the long‐term outcome, as a different evolution can be observed with time.ConclusionsA clinical approach strategy was introduced on ECR pathosis. This strategy was not solely based on ECR class, as other important decisive criteria were considered. This step‐wise approach, has a 70.3% survival rate with a mean of 5 years. This work will hopefully provide an incentive for a broader collaboration, to potentially establish a universally accepted ECR treatment strategy.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study pulpitis
Authors: Richert Raphaël , Ducret Maxime , Alliot‐Licht Brigitte , Bekhouche Mourad , Gobert Stéphanie , Farges Jean‐Christophe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPulpitis is the inflammatory response of the dental pulp to a tooth insult, whether it is microbial, chemical, or physical in origin. It is traditionally referred to as reversible or irreversible, a classification for therapeutic purposes that determines the capability of the pulp to heal. Recently, new knowledge about dental pulp physiopathology led to orientate therapeutics towards more frequent preservation of pulp vitality. However, full adoption of these vital pulp therapies by dental practitioners will be achieved only following better understanding of cell and tissue mechanisms involved in pulpitis. The current narrative review aimed to discuss the contribution of the most significant experimental models developed to study pulpitis. Traditionally,in vitrotwo (2D)‐ or three (3D)‐dimensional cell cultures orin vivoanimal models were used to analyse the pulp response to pulpitis inducers at cell, tissue or organ level.In vitro, 2D cell cultures were mainly used to decipher the specific roles of key actors of pulp inflammation such as bacterial by‐products, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, odontoblasts or pulp stem cells. However, these simple models did not reproduce the 3D organisation of the pulp tissue and, with rare exceptions, did not consider interactions between resident cell types.In vitro, tissue/organ‐based models were developed to better reflect the complexity of the pulp structure. Their major disadvantage is that they did not allow the analysis of blood supply and innervation participation. On the contrary,in vivomodels have allowed researchers to identify key immune, vascular and nervous actors of pulpitis and to understand their function and interplay in the inflamed pulp. However, inflammation was mainly induced by iatrogenic dentine drilling associated with simple pulp exposure to the oral environment or stimulation by individual bacterial by‐products for short periods. Clearly, these models did not reflect the long and progressive development of dental caries. Lastly, the substantial diversity of the existing models makes experimental data extrapolation to the clinical situation complicated. Therefore, improvement in the design and standardisation of future models, for example by using novel molecular biomarkers, databased models and artificial intelligence, will be an essential step in building an incremental knowledge of pulpitis in the future.
Valued attributes of professional support for people who repeatedly self‐harm: A systematic review and meta‐synthesis of first‐hand accounts
Authors: Sass Cara , Brennan Cathy , Farley Kate , Crosby Helen , Rodriguez Lopez Rocio , Romeu Daniel , Mitchell Elizabeth , House Allan , Guthrie Else 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTherapeutic interventions are an important adjunct to self‐help strategies for people who self‐harm. There is little guidance for those offering therapy on the effective components of interventions for people who self‐harm. This was a systematic review aiming to identify the factors that contribute to positive experiences of therapy as described by people who have reduced or stopped self‐harm. The review followed PRISMA guidelines to locate and synthesize peer‐reviewed qualitative studies describing experiences of therapy among people who had reduced or stopped self‐harm. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were peer reviewed and conducted for at least two researchers independently. Relevant first‐hand quotations were extracted from eligible studies and synthesized using a thematic analysis in collaboration with experts with personal and professional experience of self‐harm. Twenty‐three studies met eligibility criteria. Themes identified in the reported accounts were arranged under two meta‐themes. ‘Positive aspects of seeing a professional’ identified aspects of professional care that were common to all encounters: the value of sharing, space to talk and reflect, and the boundaries inherent in contact with a professional. ‘Positive attributes of individual professionals’ depended upon individual characteristics: the ability to build reciprocal trust by being non‐judgemental, showing genuine empathic concern, and being confident to talk about and respond directly to self‐harm. Our review indicates that therapeutic alliance is perceived as key to effective professional help for self‐harm, irrespective of underlying principles of therapy. All forms of therapy should be timely and reliable and centred around the needs of the individual and their experience of self‐harm.
Skin cancer risk among testicular germ‐cell cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Reiter O. , Voss V.B. , Fluss R. , Boyce L.M. , DeFazio J.L. , Halpern A.C. , Marghoob A.A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTesticular germ‐cell tumours (TGCT) are the most common cancer among young adult men. Previous studies suggested TGCT survivors have an increased risk for skin cancer. The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature and evidence regarding skin cancer risk among TGCT survivors compared with the general population. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Databases and reference lists were included in the search. A systematic review of all comparative studies with more than 10 TGCT survivors reporting on skin cancer incidence was performed. A meta‐analysis of the Standardized Incidence Rate (SIR) was calculated by pooling study‐specific log‐transformed estimates using the random‐effects model. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Nineteen studies that reported on 147 935 TGCT survivors were included. Pooled SIR for skin cancer and for melanoma incidence among TGCT survivors were 1.93 (95% CI 1.62–2.29, P < 0.0001) and 1.81 (95% CI 1.57–2.08, P < 0.0001), respectively. In conclusion, compared to the general population, TGCT survivors have an increased risk for developing skin cancer and melanoma. Additional long‐term studies that include TGCT survivors, additional risk factors and all subtypes of skin cancer are required.
Validated 5 – Point photonumeric scales for the assessment of hand atrophy
Authors: Green Jeremy B. , Pavicic Tatjana , Pooth Rainer , Prinz Valentina , Cajkovsky Mia , Hernandez Claudia A. , Mueller Daniel S. , Sattler Sonja , Klepetko Heike , Kerscher Martina , Suwanchinda Atchima , Fabi Sabrina G. , Cotofana Sebastian , Frank Konstantin , Day Doris 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveQuantifying the degree of dorsal hand atrophy is a challenging endeavor, but often necessary, in both the clinical and the research setting. The aim of this investigation was to create and consecutively validate a 5‐point photonumeric scale for assessment of dorsal hand atrophy.Material and MethodsA medical team created a novel 5‐point photonumeric scale. Twelve international raters were involved in the digital validation, while five raters performed a live validation.ResultsFor the digital validation of the Croma Hand Atrophy Assessment Scale, a total of 72 subjects (58 females, 14 males) with a mean age of 43.0 ± 14.4 years [18–73 years] were assessed. For the live validation, 88 subjects (73 females, 15 males) with a mean age of 45.0 ± 14.1 years [20–73 years] were rated. The results revealed almost perfect intra‐rater (ICC: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.88–0.92]) and inter‐rater agreements (ICC: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.81–0.89] and 0.86 [95% CI:0.82–0.89]) in the digital validation and substantial intra‐rater (ICC: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.75–0.82]) and inter‐rater agreements (ICC: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.68–0.81] and ICC: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.54–0.77]) in the live validation.ConclusionThe created scale to assess dorsal hand atrophy has been shown to provide substantial‐to‐almost perfect agreement in the digital and live validation cycles and reached comparable intra‐rater and inter‐rater agreement to already published and validated scales. It is expected that the created scale will help physicians and researchers in the assessment of hand atrophy in the clinical and research setting in the future.
Development and Evaluation of a Broad spectrum Polyherbal Sunscreen formulation using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Safranal
Authors: Sanju Nanda , Vineet Mittal , Kumud Madan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionUV absorption properties of bioactive agents has led to their screening and development to provide photoprotection. Safranal is one such secondary plant metabolite obtained from Saffron (Crocus sativus) and reported to possess antioxidant and antisolar properties. The objective of this research was to design a suitable delivery system for the topical delivery of Safranal and to develop broad‐spectrum polyherbal sun protection cream with mild photoprotection.MethodSafranal‐loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were formulated using probe sonication technique. The effect of variables like lipid concentration, surfactant concentration, and stirring time was studied using central composite design using Design Expert 7.0 (Stat‐Ease, Inc., USA). These SLN were combined with zinc oxide, pearl powder, Pterocarpus santalinus, a natural colorant with skin whitening effect and dispersed in a dermatological acceptable carrier with excellent skin‐nourishing properties. Other natural ingredients namely almond oil, hen egg oil, and aloe vera gel were also incorporated due to their sun protection properties.ResultsParticle size analysis of prepared SLN revealed the particles in the range of 460–980 nm (F9). Entrapment efficiency was found between 88% and 99%. SLN was further characterized by techniques like DSC, FTIR, and TEM. Evaluation of sunscreen cream by transmittance method showed good texture, excellent rheological properties, optimum pH, and stability. The developed product showed broad spectrum of sunscreen protection with SPF 9.22, UV‐A ++, and *** Boot Star Rating.ConclusionThe significant inhibitory activity of Safranal on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) analyzed by biochemical investigation method and a higher SPF established that this bioorganic molecule is a strong photoprotective agent. Designing solid lipid nanoparticles and incorporation of other traditional ingredients in the recipe augmented its antisolar property and provided an all natural sunscreen.
Retrospective study on the factors influencing the severity of pressure injuries among intensive care unit patients
Authors: Chang Wen‐Pei , Weng Pei‐Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study investigated the factors of pressure injuries in patients in intensive care units (ICU).BackgroundPressure injuries among patients in ICUs can be prevented by the early assessment of risk factors and taking appropriate preventative measures.DesignA retrospective study.MethodsICU patients who suffered from pressure injuries between January 2016 and August 2018 at a hospital in Taiwan were selected. Patient medical histories and data associated with pressure injuries and medical treatment were collected from electronic medical records. A total of 256 patients were included in our analysis. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist.ResultsA multivariate model of multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that when compared to Stage 1 pressure injuries, Stage 2–4 pressure injuries were associated with albumin levels. Patients with lower albumin levels were at greater odds of Stage 2–4 pressure injuries than Stage 1 pressure injuries. In addition, when compared to unstageable pressure injuries or deep tissue injuries, Stage 1 pressure injuries were associated with the use of fentanyl and haemoglobin levels. Patients using fentanyl were more likely to suffer from unstageable pressure injuries, and those with lower haemoglobin levels were more likely to suffer from unstageable pressure injuries or deep tissue injuries.ConclusionWhen patients were simultaneously on ventilators and taking midazolam or fentanyl, the incidence of pressure injuries with greater severity became higher. Furthermore, ICU patients with lower albumin and haemoglobin levels were more likely to suffer from pressure injuries of greater severity.Relevance to clinical practiceFor critically ill patients on ventilators, it is recommended to devise a means of assessing each patient daily as well as systematically reduce their dosage of midazolam or fentanyl. Furthermore, regularly monitoring albumin and haemoglobin levels to understand their nutritional status is necessary.
Art of connectedness: Value‐creating care for older persons provided with toileting assistance and containment strategies—A critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Göransson Carina , Larsson Ingrid , Carlsson Ing‐Marie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim was to conduct a synthesis of the literature on value‐creating care for older persons with incontinence provided with toileting assistance and containment strategies, from the perspectives of older persons and healthcare professionals.BackgroundIncontinence is a health problem for many persons worldwide and the problem will increase as the global population ages. It can have a profound impact on a person's wellbeing, and assistance with toileting and containment strategies is common in home care settings and nursing homes.DesignThe design was a literature review with an iterative, reflexive and critical approach.MethodsA critical interpretive synthesis was conducted. Ten papers published between 2011 and 2019 were analysed. The PRISMA ‐ScR Checklist was used in this review.ResultsBased on the findings, the conceptual construct ‘The art of connectedness’ was developed, built on co‐created care, personalised care and reflective care between the older person and healthcare professionals. Co‐created care is based on establishing a relationship, building trust and respecting preferences. Personalised care consists of meeting the person's needs, promoting comfort and maintaining self‐determination. Reflective care entails showing empathy, upholding the person's dignity and developing professional competence.ConclusionsValue‐creating care consists conceptually of a connectedness that starts with co‐creating the care together with the older person in a close relationship. Assistance is given and received based on the older person's individual needs and is highly valued by the older person as it helps them maintain self‐determination. Reflective care is of importance for healthcare professionals.Relevance for practiceThe findings are hoped to enhance healthcare professionals’ understanding of how to improve the clinical encounter in nursing when providing assistance. They may also stimulate critical reflection among healthcare professionals on how to improve assistance to meet the older person's values.
Overtime and alertness of rotating‐shift nurses: An observational study using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Min Ari , Hong Hye Chong , Son Sungtaek , Scott Linda D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of overtime on alertness at work among rotating‐shift nurses in South Korea and to investigate whether these effects of overtime vary across the different types of shifts.BackgroundNurse overtime is prevalent in healthcare settings to manage nursing shortages and staffing needs; however, it negatively affects patient and nurse outcomes. Furthermore, little attention has been paid to the effects of previous overtime shifts and overtime for consecutive shifts on alertness during work.DesignA prospective observational study was employed. The study followed STROBE checklist for observational studies.MethodsData were collected between June 2019 and February 2020 from 82 nurses who worked in acute care hospitals. An ecological momentary assessment was used to capture real‐time data of overtime and alertness. Alertness scores were estimated using the sleep/wake data measured by an actigraph. Mixed‐effect models were employed to investigate the association between overtime and alertness.ResultsA majority of the shift nurses worked overtime. Episodes of a decline in alertness scores to the level of increased accident or serious error risk (alertness score ≤80) were most frequently seen during night shifts (98.9%), followed by day (59.8%) and evening shifts (10.1%). Previous‐day overtime hours and consecutive overtime days were associated with decreased alertness scores during work. A significantly positive correlation was observed between alertness scores ≤80 and previous‐day overtime hours and consecutive overtime days in all shifts.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate that a majority of nurses who work overtime experience decreased alertness while on duty.Relevance to clinical practicePolicy development at the government, organisational and unit level is needed to guarantee adequate rest for shift nurses by adjusting work schedules and assignments and limiting overtime.