bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avatrombopag Treatment of Severe Aplastic Anemia With Liver Injury: a Case Report
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Liu chunyan , Shao Zonghong , Fu Rong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At present, avatrombopag has not obtained a clinical license and is not accepted as a standard clinical treatment of Severe aplastic anemia. Here, We present a case of SAA treated with avatrombopag. Our patient was intolerant to eltrombopag, demonstrating elevated transaminase levels, but avatrombopag treatment was well tolerated with high effectiveness. Therefore, avatrombopag may not cause hepatotoxicity compared with other TPO receptor agonist for SAA treatment, and its combination with CsA may be a possible safe and effective treatment for long-term SAA management. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing TPO-RAS as a safe and effective treatment of SAA and adds avatrombopag to this list.
AMPK mediates early activation of the unfolded protein response through a positive feedback loop in palmitate-treated muscle cells
Authors: Zhang Peng , Gong Jing , Wang Lu , Tao Wuchen , Liu Zonghan , Pang Xiangsheng , Liu Yaxuan , Li Wenjiong , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. There is increasing evidence for the interdependence of the UPR and metabolic signaling pathways. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway controls energy balance in eukaryotes. Objective: This study was to investigate the possible interaction between AMPK signaling and the UPR in muscle cells exposed to a saturated fatty acid, as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods: The UPR was induced in C2C12 myotubes by treatment with the saturated fatty acid palmitate. Compound C or knocking down AMPKα with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to inhibit AMPK signaling pathway in palmitate-treated muscle cells. AMPK signaling was activated in myotubes using 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR) or ex229. Taurourdodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was pre-treated to C2C12 myotubes to inhibit UPR before adding palmitate. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were conducted to evaluate the expression of UPR markers and AMPK activation. Results: The UPR was induced in C2C12 myotubes by treatment with palmitate along with activation of AMPK signaling. Inhibiting the AMPK pathway with compound C or knocking down AMPKα with shRNA attenuated palmitate-induced UPR activation, while inhibiting the UPR with TUDCA alleviated palmitate-induced AMPK activation, suggesting a positive feedback loop between the UPR and AMPK. Additionally, pharmacologic activation of the AMPK pathway with either AICAR or ex229 was sufficient to induce significant upregulation of UPR markers. Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence for the involvement of AMPK signaling in the early activation of the UPR induced by saturated fatty acid in skeletal muscle, and suggest that physiologic or pharmacologic activation of the AMPK pathway (ie, by exercise or metformin, respectively) can promote muscle health and function and thus improve quality of life for individuals with metabolic disorders due to a high-fat diet or obesity.
Central retinal artery delineation using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tsutsumi Satoshi , Ono Hideo , Ishii Hisato 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Few studies have explored the central retinal artery (CRA) using neuroimaging. Our study aimed to explore this using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: A total of 81 patients with intact orbital structures and visual function underwent thin-slice contrast MRI.Results: The identified CRAs showed highly variable morphologies on both axial and sagittal images. On the axial images, the CRAs were detected in the right orbit in 11.1% and in the left orbit in 19.8%. The distance between the site of CRA branching from the ophthalmic artery to the posterior limit of the bulb was 18.8±3.9 mm (range: 12.8–24.6 mm) on the right and 18.9±3.3 mm (range: 14.6–26.7 mm) on the left. On the sagittal images, CRAs were detected on the right in 76.5% and on the left in 85.2%. The distance between the CRA branching site and the posterior limit of the bulb was 20.4±3.8 mm (range: 14.2–28.2 mm) on the right and 19.2±3.7 mm (range: 11.3–27.1 mm) on the left.Conclusions: Thin-slice contrast MRI can be used to explore the proximal part of the CRA. In particular, serial sagittal imaging may be useful for detecting the CRAs and their relationship with relevant structures.
Language Shift and maintenance in Shinasha community, Ethiopia
Authors: Amanu Adugnaw Techane , Woyila Habtamu Anbessie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses language shift and maintenance in Shinasha community. The purpose of this study is to assess language shift in Shinasha. More specifically, to identify the factors that lead some of the Shinasha people to use other languages, to show in which domain Shinasha language preferred and to indicate which language Shinasha people prefer in various domains. To collect the necessary data for the study, interview, questionnaire and focus group discussion were used as data collection instruments. The descriptive survey research design was used to conduct this study by using both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. The result showed that demography, economy, psychology and intermarriage are some of the major factors that led Shinasha people to shift from Shinasha to other indigenous languages. Amharic and Afan Oromo are used in various domains by Shinasha youths. On the other hand, a few elders speak Shinasha language. In general, in Shisha community youths prefer Amharic, Afan Oromo and Awngi in various domains bcause of economic, attitudinal, historical, demographic factors.
Associations between proton pump inhibitors and Alzheimer’s disease: A nested case-control study using a Korean nationwide health screening cohort
Authors: Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Joo-Hee , Kim Ji Hee , Kim Eun Soo , Park Ha Young , Min Kyueng-Whan , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Safety concerns against the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) based on the risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remain controversial. Here, we investigated the risk of AD depending on previous PPI exposure, use duration, and PPI generation.Methods: This nested case-control study comprised 17,225 AD patients who were 1:4 matched with 68,900 controls for age, sex, income, and region of residence from Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data between 2002 and 2015 using propensity-score matching method. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of previous PPI use on AD adjusting for multiple covariates.Results: Prior PPI use increased likelihood for AD in current and past PPI users (adjusted odds ratio 1.36 [95% CI=1.26–1.46] and 1.11 [95% CI=1.04–1.18], respectively). Participants with either <30 days, 30–90 days, or >90 days of PPI prescription showed higher odds for AD (1.13 [95% CI=1.07–1.19]; 1.18 [95% CI=1.10–1.27]; 1.26 [95% CI=1.16–1.36], respectively). Participants with either 1st-generation or 2nd-generation PPIs demonstrated higher incidences of AD in those with <30 days (1.14 [95% CI=1.07–1.22] and 1.13 [95% CI=1.05–1.22], respectively), 30–90 days (1.19 [95% CI=1.09–1.30] and 1.17 [95% CI=1.05–1.29], respectively), or >90 days (1.18 [95% CI=1.07–1.30] and 1.27 [95% CI=1.14–1.43], respectively) of prescription.Conclusions: Prior PPI use, regardless of current or past use, duration of use, or use of 1st- or 2nd-generation PPIs, may increase risk of AD, providing supportive evidence of previous pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Not a Virtual Education: The Entanglement of the Private and Public Spheres in the Lives of Women Teachers During the Pandemic in Iran
Authors: Aghasaleh Rouhollah , Aghajani Zari 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Teleworking and teaching from home is not just a modality change; it is deeply intertwined with other aspects of life. If we pretend to have a new everyday life during a public health crisis, an economic, social, political, and moral crisis, we commit an immoral act. Job losses, school closures, and family isolation shift caregivers from paying jobs to unpaid jobs, primarily for women. This change occurs because of gender-biased social norms that hold women as caregivers and because of the workforce structure. Acknowledging the statement that "the personal is political" requires education system decision-makers and administration to consider this a moral issue and encourage women to raise awareness and change the lives of men and women by telling their stories unapologetically. In this article, while studying the lives of women teachers, we address the issue of the interference of professional and personal domains.
Early-Onset Myocardial and Vascular Toxicity In Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors: The Predictive Value of Right Heart.
Authors: Muggeo Paola , Scicchitano Pietro , Muggeo Vito M.R. , Novelli Chiara , Giordano Paola , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Faienza Maria Felicia , Santoro Nicola 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors who underwent chemotherapy with anthracyclines have an increased cardiovascular risk. Few are data about right ventricle function (RV) in these patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate left and right cardiac chambers and vascular endothelial function in ALL survivors.Methods. We enrolled 54 ALL survivors and 37 healthy controls. All patients underwent auxological evaluation, blood pressure, biochemical parameters of endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery, mean common carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), antero-posterior diameter of the infra-renal abdominal aorta (APAO), and echocardiographic assessment. Results. ALL subjects had significantly lower FMD (p=0.0041), higher left (p=0.0057) and right (p=0.0021) TEI index as compared to controls. Tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE) was 16.9±1.2 mm vs 24.5±3.7 mm, p<0.0001. Cumulative anthracycline doses were related to TAPSE (r= 0.77, p<0.001). The ROC curve analysis revealed that left and right TEI index, TAPSE, FMD showed significant association to ALL condition. TAPSE >18 mm was the best discriminant rule to spot ALL patients (AUC: 0.966, p<0.0001, sensibility: 100%, specificity: 89.2%).Conclusion. ALL survivors treated with anthracyclines demonstrated systo/diastolic alterations of the RV and reduced endothelial function compared with healthy controls. Although multimodality diagnostic is available, echocardiography plays pivotal role in everyday clinical practice. The early recognition of subclinical cardiac and vascular impairment is of utmost importance for the cardio-oncologist to implement strategies preventing overt cardiovascular disease.
A novel VOC breath tracer method to evaluate indoor respiratory exposures in the near- and far-fields
Authors: Parhizkar Hooman , Fretz Mark , Laguerre Aurélie , Stenson Jason , Corsi Richard L. , Wymelenberg Kevin G. Van Den , Gall Elliott T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Several studies suggest that far-field transmission (> 6 ft) explains the significant number of COVID-19 superspreading outbreaks. Therefore, quantitative evaluation of near- and far-field exposure to emissions from a source is key to better understanding human-to-human airborne infectious disease transmission and associated risks. In this study, we used an environmentally-controlled chamber to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from a healthy participant who consumed breath mints, which contained unique tracer compounds. Tracer measurements were made at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, 7.5 ft from the participant, as well as in the exhaust plenum of the chamber. We observed that 2.5 ft trials had substantially (~36-44%) higher concentrations than other distances during the first 20 minutes of experiments, highlighting the importance of the near-field relative to the far-field before virus-laden respiratory aerosol plumes are continuously mixed into the far-field. However, for the conditions studied, the concentrations of human-sourced tracers after 20 minutes and approaching the end of the 60-minute trials at 2.5 ft, 5 ft, and 7.5 ft were only ~18%, ~11%, and ~7.5% higher than volume-averaged concentrations, respectively. Our findings highlight the importance of far-field transmission of airborne pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, which need to be considered in public health decision making.
Incomplete Kawasaki disease with a retropharyngeal space abscess as the main manifestation
Authors: CHEN JUN , Wen Yang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood acute self-limiting systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. The diagnosis of KD is based upon clinician's recognition of a symptom pattern. However, manifestations of KD can be atypical, Deep neck infections (DNIs) is a rare manifestation of KD, which can mislead the clinician and delay diagnosis. The following case report describes a patient with incomplete Kawasaki disease (iKD) whose initial presentation a retropharyngeal abscess.Case presentation: A child with clinical manifestations of fever, neck pain, cervical lymphadenopathy, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) was reported. The anti-infective treatment was not effective. A retropharyngeal space abscess was detected on neck enhanced Computed Tomography (CT). On the third day following admission, the conjunctival hyperemia, red lips, and strawberry tongue appeared gradually. High-dose of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and oral aspirin were administered with rapid defervescence, fever and neck pain gradually disappeared, and the neck Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed that the abscess was completely resolved.Conclusion: KD with a retropharyngeal space abscess as the first manifestation is rare and may be related to Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus infection. When anti-infective treatment was not effective, it is very important to provide timely diagnosis and treatment in combination with other clinical features of KD.
Children’s Feelings and Experiences in a Selected Evacuation Center in the Philippines
Authors: Borines Maria Talitha Estrella Lardizabal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted to describe the experiences and feelings of six-to-eight-year-old children in an evacuation center of a flood-prone barangay in the Philippines. The participants were asked to draw their experiences inside the evacuation center and eventually interviewed on what they drew, what they felt during their stay inside the center, and what they expected to see to make their stay comfortable, happy, and meaningful. A frequency count was followed to tally and categorize the participants' responses according to their variables. Six (6) categories emerged for children's experiences: sensory experiences, bio-physical experiences, family-related experiences, social activities, and rules imposed by the parents; seven (7) arose for children's feelings, namely: afraid, happy, sad, pity, difficult, frustrated, and hungry; and two (2) expectations were observed: material things and social relationships. The study recommends developing programs, interventions, designing evacuation centers, and food planning for young children.
An Intuitive Logic for Modeling Non-Local Hidden Variable Problems
Authors: Fox Keith , White Tyler 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present a notion of an un-measurable state, which we call an Anti-state and derive a simple and intuitive logic for Anti-states. Anti-states are then used to generate structures, which we call Anti-Structures. Theorems 3.25 and 4.2 yield that Anti-Structures are able to model the context changes occurring in quantum mechanics, which Kochen and Specker in 5 showed were un-modellable with local hidden variables. In our Examples 3.28, 4.3, and 4.7 , we show that, respectively, the orthohelium experiment (outlined in Kochen, Specker 5), wave functions, and entanglement all have Anti-Structure models. Our results give a good contrast to the results of Kochen and Specker 5, and establish a limitation on self reference for partial Boolean algebras. This limitation is not held by Anti-Structures in general, and also does not seem to be a limitation that should be put on our physics. The theorems and examples of this paper lead to a series of questions regarding the expressiveness and a measure of contrivance for models of quantum mechanics.
Weighted Heterogeneous Ensemble for the Classification of Intrusion Detection Using ant Colony Optimization for Continuous Search Spaces
Authors: Aburomman Abdulla , Albashish Dheeb 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a heterogeneous ensemble classifier configuration for a multiclass intrusion detection problem. The ensemble is composed of k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Naive Bayes (NB) classifiers. The decisions of these classifiers are combined with Weighted Majority Voting (WMV), where optimal weights are generated by Ant Colony Optimization for continuous search spaces (ACOR). As a comparison basis, we have also implemented the ensemble configuration with the unweighted majority voting or Winner Takes All (WTA) strategy. To ensure the maximum variety of classifiers, we have implemented three versions of each classification algorithm by varying each classifier's parameters making a total of nine diverse experts for the ensemble. For our empirical study, we used the full NSL-KDD dataset to classify network traffic into one of five different classes. Our results indicate that the ensemble configuration using ACOR-optimized weights are capable of resolving the conflicts between multiple classifiers and improving the overall classification accuracy of the ensemble.
Sensing Global Changes in Local Patterns of Energy Consumption in Cities During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rowe Francisco , Robinson Caitlin , Patias Nikos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
COVID-19, and the wider social and economic impacts that a global pandemic entails, have led to unprecedented reductions in energy consumption globally. Whilst estimates of changes in energy consumption have emerged at the national scale, detailed sub-regional estimates to allow for global comparisons are less developed. Using night-time light satellite imagery from December 2019-June 2020 across 50 of the world’s largest urban conurbations, we provide high resolution estimates (450m2) of spatio-temporal changes in urban energy consumption in response to COVID-19. Contextualising this imagery with modelling based on indicators of mobility, stringency of government response, and COVID-19 rates, we provide novel insights into the potential drivers of changes in urban energy consumption during a global pandemic. Our results highlight the diversity of changes in energy consumption between and within cities in response to COVID-19, somewhat refuting dominant narratives of a shift in energy demand away from dense urban areas. Further modelling highlights how the stringency of the government’s response to COVID-19 is likely a defining factor in shaping resultant reductions in urban energy consumption.
Combination of Serological Biomarkers and Clinical Features to predict Mucosal Healing in Crohn’s Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Nana , Chen Han , Chen Ruidong , Tang Wen , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Mucosal healing (MH) has become the treatment goal of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aims to develop a noninvasive and reliable clinical tool for individual evaluation of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn’s disease.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective cohort was established. Clinical and serological variables were collected. Separate risk factors were incorporated into a binary logistic regression model. A primary model and a simple model were established, respectively. The model performance was evaluated with C-index, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. Internal validation was performed in patients with small intestinal lesions.
Results
A total of 348 consecutive patients diagnosed with CD who underwent endoscopic examination and review after treatment from January 2010 to June 2021 were composed in the derivation cohort, and 112 patients with small intestinal lesions were included in the validation cohort. The following variables were independently associated with the MH and were subsequently included into the primary prediction model: PLR (platelet to lymphocyte ratio), CAR (C-reactive protein to albumin ratio), ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), HBI (Harvey-Bradshaw Index) score and infliximab treatment. The simple model only included factors of PLR, CAR and ESR. The primary model performed better than the simple one in C-index (87.5% vs 83.0%, p = 0.004). There was no statistical significance between these two models in sensitivity (70.43% vs 62.61%, p = 0.467), specificity (87.12% vs 80.69%, p = 0.448), PPV (72.97% vs 61.54%, p = 0.292), NPV (85.65% vs 81.39%, p = 0.614), and accuracy (81.61% vs 74.71%, p = 0.303). The primary model had good calibration and high levels of explained variation and discrimination in validation cohort.
Conclusions
This model can be used to predict MH in post-treatment patients with CD. It can also be used as an indication of endoscopic surveillance to evaluate mucosal healing in patients with CD after treatment.
Urban land-use land-cover extraction for catchment modelling using deep learning techniques
Authors: Gong Siming , Ball James , Surawski Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThroughout the world, the likelihood of floods and managing the associated risk are a concern to many catchment managers and the population residing in those catchments. Catchment modelling is a popular approach to predicting the design flood quantiles of a catchment with complex spatial characteristics and limited monitoring data to obtain the necessary information for preparing the flood risk management plan. As an important indicator of urbanisation, land use land cover (LULC) plays a critical role in catchment parameterisation and modelling the rainfall–runoff process. Digitising LULC from remote sensing imagery of urban catchment is becoming increasingly difficult and time-consuming as the variability and diversity of land uses occur during urban development. In recent years, deep learning neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable image classification and segmentation outcomes with the powerful capacity to process complex workflow and features, learn sophisticated relationships and produce superior results. This paper describes end-to-end data assimilation and processing path using U-net and DeepLabV3+, also proposes a novel approach integrated with the clustering algorithm MeanShift. These methods were developed to generate pixel-based LULC semantic segmentation from high-resolution satellite imagery of the Alexandria Canal catchment, Sydney, Australia, and assess the applicability of their outputs as inputs to different catchment modelling systems. A significant innovation is using the MeanShift clustering algorithm to reduce the spatial noise in the raw image and propagate it to the deep learning network to improve prediction. All three methods achieved excellent classification performance, where the MeanShift+U-net has the highest accuracy and consistency on the test imagery. The final suitability assessment illustrates that all three methods are more suitable for the parameterisation of semi-distributed modelling systems rather than the fully distributed modelling systems, where the MeanShift+U-net should be adopted for image-based impervious area extraction of urban catchment due to its superior prediction accuracy of 98.47%.