bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleaner Skies during the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Voigt Christiane , Lelieveld Jos , Schlager Hans , Schneider Johannes , Curtius Joachim , Meerkötter Ralf , Sauer Daniel , Bugliaro Luca , Bohn Birger , Crowley John N. , Erbertseder Thilo , Groß Silke , Hahn Valerian , Li Qiang , Mertens Mariano , Pöhlker Mira L. , Pozzer Andrea , Schumann Ulrich , Tomsche Laura , Williams Jonathan , Zahn Andreas , Andreae Meinrat , Borrmann Stephan , Bräuer Tiziana , Dörich Raphael , Dörnbrack Andreas , Edtbauer Achim , Ernle Lisa , Fischer Horst , Giez Andreas , Granzin Manuel , Grewe Volker , Harder Hartwig , Heinritzi Martin , Holanda Bruna A. , Jöckel Patrick , Kaiser Katharina , Krüger Ovid O. , Lucke Johannes , Marsing Andreas , Martin Anna , Matthes Sigrun , Pöhlker Christopher , Pöschl Ulrich , Reifenberg Simon , Ringsdorf Akima , Scheibe Monika , Tadic Ivan , Zauner-Wieczorek Marcel , Henke Rolf , Rapp Markus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During spring 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive reductions in emissions from industry and ground and airborne transportation. To explore the resulting atmospheric composition changes, we conducted the BLUESKY campaign with two research aircraft and measured trace gases, aerosols, and cloud properties from the boundary layer to the lower stratosphere. From 16 May to 9 June 2020, we performed 20 flights in the early COVID-19 lockdown phase over Europe and the Atlantic Ocean. We found up to 50% reductions in boundary layer nitrogen dioxide concentrations in urban areas from GOME-2B satellite data, along with carbon monoxide reductions in the pollution hot spots. We measured 20%–70% reductions in total reactive nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and fine mode aerosol concentration in profiles over German cities compared to a 10-yr dataset from passenger aircraft. The total aerosol mass was significantly reduced below 5 km altitude, and the organic aerosol fraction also aloft, indicative of decreased organic precursor gas emissions. The reduced aerosol optical thickness caused a perceptible shift in sky color toward the blue part of the spectrum (hence BLUESKY) and increased shortwave radiation at the surface. We find that the 80% decline in air traffic led to substantial reductions in nitrogen oxides at cruise altitudes, in contrail cover, and in resulting radiative forcing. The light extinction and depolarization by cirrus were also reduced in regions with substantially decreased air traffic. General circulation–chemistry model simulations indicate good agreement with the measurements when applying a reduced emission scenario. The comprehensive BLUESKY dataset documents the major impact of anthropogenic emissions on the atmospheric composition.
Electrical properties of melt-mixed polypropylene and as-grown carbon nanofiber composites: Analysis of their interphase via the AC conductivity modeling
Authors: Paleo Antonio J , Aribou Najoia , Nioua Yassine , Samir Zineb , Fernandes Lisete , Moreira J Agostinho , Achour Mohammed E. 
Published: March 2022

The morphology, crystallinity, and electrical conductivity (σ′ and σ″) as a function of frequency of polypropylene (PP) melt-extruded with different amounts of as-grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from 0 to 1.4 vol. % are examined. The PP/CNF composites present CNF aggregates randomly distributed within the PP and an insulator–conductor transition at CNF contents near 0.9 vol. %. The degree of crystallinity of PP/CNF composites with loadings of 1.4 vol. % increases ∼15% with respect to the neat PP (∼34%), with σ´ ∼ 8.6 × 10−5 S m−1 (σ″ ∼ 8.3 × 10−4 S m−1) at 2 MHz. In addition, the values of the electrical conductivity σint´ ∼2.9 × 10−6 S m−1 (σint″∼3.7 × 10−4 S m−1) at 2 MHz, as a result of the interphase (ϕint ∼0.05 vol. %) of the 1.4 vol. % PP/CNF composites, are estimated by the use of a modified generalized effective medium model (GEM). The analysis gathered in here indicates that the interphase between the polymer and the conducting particle may have a quantifiable effect on the electrical properties of carbon-based polymer composites, and this fact should not be neglected in the production of conducting polymer composites (CPCs) with enhanced electrical properties.
Osteitis in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Tsuda Takeshi , Takeda Kazuya , Terada Risa , Tanaka Shohei , Waki Sadanori , Akama Toshiyuki , Nishimura Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Objectives Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is an allergic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa, and sometimes, osteitis. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of osteitis in ECRS and the relationship between bony thickening of the middle turbinate and recurrence of ECRS. Methods A total of 246 patients with paranasal diseases were included in the study. The patients’ data on bone thickening level, mucosal thickening, polyp score, clinical severity, and laboratory data were retrospectively evaluated. Results In total, 38, 186, and 22 patients had ECRS, non-ECRS (NECRS), and odontogenic sinusitis, respectively. The Lund–Mackey (LM) score and Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS) scores in patients with ECRS were higher than those in patients with other paranasal diseases. There was a significant positive correlation between the GOSS score and ECRS clinical disease severity. Postoperative recurrence was significantly increased in patients with ECRS associated with bony thickening of the middle turbinate. Conclusion Both mucosal inflammation and osteitis were more severe in patients with ECRS than in patients with other diseases, and clinical disease severity was correlated with osteitis. Furthermore, the postoperative recurrence rate tended to increase in patients with ECRS who had bony thickening of the middle turbinate.
Comparison of 3 Cell-Free Matrix Scaffolds Used to Treat Osteochondral Lesions in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Irem Demir Ahder , Pulatkan Anil , Ucan Vahdet , Yilmaz Bengi , Tahmasebifar Aydin , Tok Olgu Enis , Tuncay Ibrahim , Elmali Nurzat , Ozturk Burak Yagmur , Uzer Gokcer 
Published: March 2022

Background: Various cell-free scaffolds are already in use for the treatment of osteochondral defects (OCDs); however, a gold standard material has not yet been defined. Purpose: This study compared the macroscopic, histological, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characteristics of Chondro-Gide (CG), MaioRegen (MA), and poly-d,l-lactide-co-caprolactone (PLCL) cell-free scaffolds enhanced with small-diameter microfractures (SDMs) for OCDs in a rabbit model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: In total, 54 knees from 27 rabbits were used in this study. Three rabbits were sacrificed at the beginning of the study to form an intact cartilage control group (group IC). An OCD model was created at the center of the trochlea, and SDMs were generated in 24 rabbits. Rabbits with OCDs were divided into 4 groups (n = 12 knees per group) according to the cell-free scaffold applied: CG (group CG), MA (group MA), PLCL (group PLCL), and a control group (group SDM). Half of the rabbits were sacrificed at 1 month after treatment, while the other half were sacrificed at 3 months after treatment. Healed cartilage was evaluated macroscopically (using International Cartilage Regeneration & Joint Preservation Society [ICRS] classification criteria) and histopathologically (using modified O’Driscoll scores and collagen staining). Additionally, cell-free scaffold morphologies were compared using SEM analysis. Results: ICRS and modified O’Driscoll classification and staining with collagen type 1 and type 2 demonstrated significant differences among groups at both 1 and 3 months after treatment ( P < .05). The histological characteristics of the group IC samples were superior to those of all other groups, except group PLCL, at 3 months after treatment ( P < .05). In addition, the histological properties of group PLCL samples were superior to those of group SDM samples at both 1 and 3 months after treatment in terms of the modified O’Driscoll scores and type 1 collagen staining ( P < .05). Concerning type 2 collagen staining intensity, the groups were ranked from highest to lowest at 3 months after treatment as follows: group PLCL (30.3 ± 2.6) > group MA (26.6 ± 1.2) > group CG (23.3 ± 2.3) > group SDM (18.9 ± 0.9). Conclusion: OCDs treated with enhanced SDM using cell-free PLCL scaffolds had superior histopathological and microenvironmental properties, more hyaline cartilage, and more type 2 collagen compared with those treated using CG or MA scaffolds. Clinical Relevance: OCDs treated with PLCL cell-free scaffolds may have superior histopathological properties and contain more type 2 collagen than do OCDs treated with CG or MA cell-free scaffolds.
Prednisone and long-term damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: Which is the threshold dose? A pilot study
Authors: Danza Alvaro , Graña Diego , Soto Evelyn , Silveira Gonzalo , Carlomagno Adriana , Rebella Martín 
Published: March 2022

Objectives We aimed to study the daily dose of glucocorticoids in the first month associated with damage after 5 years of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis; and to assess the daily dose of prednisone during the first year, over which damage after 5 years could be predicted. Methodology A retrospective cohort study of SLE patients from the diagnosis and up to 5 years of follow-up was performed. Cumulative prednisone doses in the first month (T1m), at 1 year (T12m), and at 5 years (T5y) were calculated. Damage was estimated using the SLICC index and activity by the SLEDAI-2K. Damage at T5y was categorized as “present” or “absent”. To determine the cutoff point of prednisone dose for the first month and for the first year of treatment, related to damage at 5 years, a ROC curve was done. A logistic regression was performed to control damage at 5 years by the activity levels, anti-DNA titers, and the corticosteroid burden between 1 and 5 years. Results Forty-eight patients were included with a mean age of 42.4 (12.6) years; 46 (95.8%) were female. The cumulative dose in T1m associated with greater sensitivity and specificity in the ROC curve (1.54; AUC 0.793; 95% CI: 0.66–0.92) to predict glucocorticoid-related damage at 5 years of follow-up was 980mg, which leads to a daily dose for the first month of 32.6 mg/day. The daily dose during the first year associated with damage at 5 years, allowed to calculate an optimal cutoff point of 7.38 mg/day, with a sensitivity of 92.9% (AUC 0.695, 95% CI: 0.52–0.86) to predict damage at 5 years. In the logistic regression, this estimate was maintained, controlling for SLEDAI-2K and for positivity or not of anti-DNA antibodies and for the cumulative dose of prednisone between T5y and T12m. Conclusion This pilot study allows to estimate a threshold dose of 32.6 mg/day during the first month and 7.38 mg/day during the first year, over which the risk of permanent damage is high at 5 years, regardless of the activity levels and the glucocorticoid doses considered between the first and the fifth year of follow-up.
Relevance of Type II Endoleak After Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Menges Anna-Leonie , Meuli Lorenz , Dueppers Philip , Stoklasa Kerstin , Kopp Reinhard , Reutersberg Benedikt , Zimmermann Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is widely used as an alternative to open repair in elective and even in emergent cases of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). One of the most frequent complications after EVAR is type II endoleak (T2EL). In elective therapy, evidence-based therapeutic recommendations for T2EL are limited. Completely unclear is the role of T2EL after EVAR for rAAA (rEVAR). This study aims to investigate the significance of T2ELs after rEVAR. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective single-center data analysis of all patients who underwent rEVAR between January 2010 and December 2020 with primary T2EL. The outcome criteria were overall and T2EL-related mortality and reintervention rate as well as development of aneurysm diameter over follow-up (FU). Results: During the study period between January 2010 and December 2020, 35 (25%) out of 138 patients with rEVAR presented a primary postoperative T2EL (age 74±11 years, 34 males). At rupture, mean aneurysm diameter was 73±12 mm. Follow-up was 26 (0–172) months. The reintervention-free survival was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55%–86%) at 30 days, 58% (95% CI: 43%–78%) at 1 year, and 52% (95% CI: 36%–75%) at 3 years. In 40% (n=14), T2ELs resolved spontaneously within a median time of 3.4 (0.03–85.6) months. The overall and T2EL reintervention rates were 43% (n=15) and 9% (n=3), respectively. Within 30 days, 11 patients (31%) required reintervention, of which 2 were T2EL related. Aneurysm sac growth by ≥5 mm was seen in 3 patients (9%), and aneurysm shrinkage rate was significantly higher in sealed T2EL group (86% vs 5%, p<0.0001). The overall survival was 85% (95% CI: 74%–98%) at 30 days, 75% (95% CI: 61%–92%) at 1 year, and 67% (95% CI: 51%–87%) at 3 years. Six deaths were aneurysm related, while 1 was T2EL related within the first 30 days due to persistent hemorrhage. During FU, one more patient died due to a T2EL-related secondary rupture (T2EL-related mortality, 5.7%, n=2). Multivariable analysis revealed that arterial hypertension was associated with an increased risk for reintervention (hazard ratio [HR]: 27.8, 95% CI: 1.48–521, p=0.026) and age was associated with an increased risk for mortality (HR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.26, p=0.005). Conclusion: T2ELs after rEVAR showed a benign course in most cases. In the short term, the possibility of persistent bleeding should be considered. In the mid term, a consequent FU protocol is required to detect known late complications after EVAR at an early stage and to prevent secondary rupture and death.
Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Kidney Fibrosis in Diabetic Mice by Targeting miR-101-3p-Mediated EndMT
Authors: Song Li , Feng Songlin , Yu Hao , Shi Sen 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Our main purpose is to explore the effect and mechanism of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in diabetic nephropathy fibrosis. Methods: Diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) treated CD-1 mice and high glucose cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Immunofluorescence was used to detect renal endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT); Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining and Masson’s Trichrome Staining (MTS) was used to analyze renal fibrosis; CCK-8 was used to evaluate cell viability; Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess the expression of miR-101-3p; Western blots were utilized to judge the protein expression levels of EndMT, extracellular matrix and TGF-β1/Smad3 signal pathway. Results: In this study, we first found that the protective effect of DEX on DN was related to EndMT. DEX alleviated kidney fibrosis by inhibiting EndMT in diabetic CD-1 mice. DEX could also inhibit high glucose-induced HMVECs EndMT. Then, we confirmed that miR-101-3p was the regulatory target of DEX. The expression of miR-101-3p was decreased in diabetic CD-1 mice and high glucose-induced HMVECs. After DEX treatment, the miR-101-3p increased, and the inhibition of miR-101-3p could counteract the protective effect of DEX and aggravate the EndMT. Finally, we found that the TGF- β1/Smad3 signal pathway was involved in the protective effect of DEX on DN. DEX inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signal pathway. On the contrary, inhibiting miR-101-3p promoted the expression of TGF-β1/Smad3. Conclusion: DEX protects kidney fibrosis in diabetic mice by targeting miR-101-3p-mediated EndMT.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in a cat with congenital hyposomatotropism
Authors: Lutz Bérénice , Betting Adeline , Kovacevic Alan , Durand Alexane , Gurtner Corinne , Kaiponen Taina S , Kooistra Hans , Campos Miguel , Cui Yi 
Published: March 2022

Case summary A 7-month-old domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of stunted growth, recurrent hypoglycaemia during the first months of its life and altered mentation. Complete blood count and biochemistry were unremarkable, except for mildly elevated serum creatinine concentration (despite low muscle mass) and concurrent isosthenuria. Hyposomatotropism was diagnosed based on persistent low circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations and a lack of response of circulating growth hormone (GH) concentration after the administration of GH-releasing hormone. Other endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism were excluded. MRI of the brain revealed a fluid-filled empty sella tursica, consistent with a pituitary cyst and atrophy/hypoplasia of the pituitary. Echocardiography was unremarkable at the time of diagnosis of hyposomatotropism. Three months later, ovariohysterectomy revealed immature ovaries, raising the suspicion of luteinising and follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency. At 1 year of age, the cat developed congestive heart failure secondarily to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with severely reduced left ventricular systolic function and died a few days later. Pathology showed atrophy of the adenohypophysis, epithelial delineation of the pituitary cysts, mild cardiomegaly, multifocal fibrosis of the left ventricle and a mild, multifocal, chronic epicarditis. Relevance and novel information GH deficiency is a very rare endocrinopathy in cats. This is the first case to describe the development of DCM with concurrent hyposomatotropism, which has previously been reported in human medicine. Other notable abnormalities that could be related to GH deficiency are juvenile self-limiting hypoglycaemia, behavioural changes and possible nephropathy.
Resumption of migraine preventive treatment with CGRP(-receptor) antibodies after a 3-month drug holiday: a real-world experience
Authors: Raffaelli Bianca , Terhart Maria , Mecklenburg Jasper , Neeb Lars , Overeem Lucas Hendrik , Siebert Anke , Steinicke Maureen , Reuter Uwe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Migraine frequency increases after the cessation of successful preventive treatment with CGRP(-receptor) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the course of migraine after treatment resumption.

Methods
Patients with migraine, who started treatment with the same CGRP(-R) mAb after a three-month drug holiday were included in this analysis. We collected headache data at four prospective visits: 1) during the four weeks before the initial mAb treatment (baseline); 2) during the four weeks before the last mAb injection; 3) in weeks 13–16 of the drug holiday; 4) in weeks 9–12 after treatment restart. Outcomes were the changes in monthly migraine days (MMD), monthly headache days (MHD), monthly days with acute medication use (AMD) and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores across the observation period.

Results
This study included 39 patients (erenumab n = 16; galcanezumab/ fremanezumab n = 23). MMD decreased from 12.3 ± 6.3 at the end of the drug holiday to 7.8 ± 5.5 three months after treatment restart (p = 0.001). The improvement after treatment resumption was similar to the response in the initial treatment period (baseline: 12.3 ± 6.3 MMD vs. 7.5 ± 5.2 MMD before treatment interruption). MHD and AMD showed a significant improvement after treatment restart. HIT-6 scores decreased, indicating a diminished impact of headache on everyday life.

Conclusions
Reinitiation of treatment with CGRP(-R) mAbs after a drug holiday leads to a significant reduction of migraine frequency and medication use as well as improvement in quality of life.
Clustering biological sequences with dynamic sequence similarity threshold
Authors: Chiu Jimmy Ka Ho , Ong Rick Twee-Hee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiological sequence clustering is a complicated data clustering problem owing to the high computation costs incurred for pairwise sequence distance calculations through sequence alignments, as well as difficulties in determining parameters for deriving robust clusters. While current approaches are successful in reducing the number of sequence alignments performed, the generated clusters are based on a single sequence identity threshold applied to every cluster. Poor choices of this identity threshold would thus lead to low quality clusters. There is however little support provided to users in selecting thresholds that are well matched with the input sequences.ResultsWe present a novel sequence clustering approach called ALFATClust that exploits rapid pairwise alignment-free sequence distance calculations and community detection in graph for clusters generation. Instead of a single threshold applied to every generated cluster, ALFATClust is capable of dynamically determining the cut-off threshold for each individual cluster by considering both cluster separation and intra-cluster sequence similarity. Benchmarking analysis shows that ALFATClust generally outperforms existing approaches by simultaneously maintaining cluster robustness and substantial cluster separation for the benchmark datasets. The software also provides an evaluation report for verifying the quality of the non-singleton clusters obtained.ConclusionsALFATClust is able to generate sequence clusters having high intra-cluster sequence similarity and substantial separation between clusters without having users to decide precise similarity cut-off thresholds.