bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigiardial Activity of Novel Guanidine Compounds
Authors: Stevens Andrew J. , Abraham Rebecca , Young Kelly A. , Russell Cecilia C. , McCluskey Siobhann N. , Baker Jennifer R. , Rusdi Bertha , Page Stephen W. , O'Handley Ryan , O'Dea Mark , Abraham Sam , McCluskey Adam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrom four focused compound libraries based on the known anticoccidial agent robenidine, 44 compounds total were synthesised and screened for antigiardial activity. All active compounds were counter‐screened for antibiotic and cytotoxic action. Of the analogues examined, 21 displayed IC50<5 μM, seven with IC50<1.0 μM. Most active were 2,2′‐bis{[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylene}carbonimidic dihydrazide hydrochloride (30), 2,2′‐bis{[4‐(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)phenyl]methylene}carbonimidic dihydrazide hydrochloride (32), and 2,2′‐bis[(2‐bromo‐4,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)methylene]carbonimidic dihydrazide hydrochloride (41) with IC50=0.2 μM. The maximal observed activity was a 5 h IC50 value of 0.2 μM for 41. The clinically used metronidazole was inactive at this timepoint at a concentration of 25 μM. Robenidine off‐target effects at bacteria and cell line toxicity were removed. Analogue 41 was well tolerated in mice treated orally (100 mg/kg). Following 5 h treatment with 41, no Giardia regrowth was noted after 48 h.
Safety and Dosing Study of a Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist in Non‐alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Rabiee Atoosa , Gay Martha D. , Shivapurkar Narayan , Cao Hong , Nadella Sandeep , Smith Coleman I. , Lewis James H. , Bansal Sunil , Cheema Amrita , Kwagyan John , Smith Jill P. 
Published: September 2022

High saturated fat diets have been shown to raise blood levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) and induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). CCK receptors are expressed on stellate cells and are responsible for hepatic fibrosis when activated. The purpose of this study was to test the safety and dose of a CCK receptor antagonist, proglumide, in human participants with NASH. An open‐label single ascending dose study was conducted in 18 participants with clinical NASH based upon steatosis by liver ultrasound, elevated hepatic transaminases, and a component of the metabolic syndrome. Three separate cohorts (N = 6 each) were treated with oral proglumide for 12 weeks in a sequential ascending fashion with 800 (Cohort 1), 1,200 (Cohort 2), and 1,600 (Cohort 3) mg/day, respectively. Blood hematology, chemistries, proglumide levels, a biomarker panel for fibrosis, and symptom surveys were determined at baseline and every 4 weeks. Abdominal ultrasounds and transient elastography utilizing FibroScan were obtained at baseline and at Week 12. Proglumide was well tolerated at all doses without any serious adverse events. There was no change in body weight from baseline to Week 12. For Cohorts 1, 2, and 3, the median percent change in alanine aminotransferase was 8.42, −5.05, and −22.23 and median percent change in fibrosis score by FibroScan was 8.13, −5.44, and −28.87 (kPa), respectively. Hepatic steatosis as measured by controlled attenuation parameter score significantly decreased with proglumide, (P < 0.05). Blood microRNA biomarkers and serum 4‐hydroxyproline were consistent with decreased fibrosis at Week 12 compared with baseline. These findings suggest proglumide exhibits anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic properties and this compound is well tolerated in participants with NASH.
Perhalomethyl Chromones: Spectroscopic, X‐Ray Diffraction, Hirshfeld Surface, and Density Functional Theory Studies of the Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Espitia Cogollo Edeimis , Echeverría Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Jios Jorge L. , Ulic Sonia E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe structure of two perhalomethylated chromones, 2‐chlorodifluoromethylchromone (a) and its 6‐nitro substituted derivative (b), are investigated. The supramolecular assembly is governed by the hydrogen bond interaction (C−H···O) between the olefinic proton (OC−C(=C<)‐H) and the carbonyl oxygen atom (>C=O) giving rise to center‐symmetric graph‐set motifs. The H···O interatomic distance is shorter in (b) suggesting a stronger hydrogen bonding for this derivative. Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculated energies and the higher polarity computed for (b) agree with this experimental finding. The Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) graph shows a distinctive C···Cl contact, found only for (b), involving a more electrophilic methine carbon atom.
Cavity Etching Behavior on the M‐Plane of Sapphire Crystal
Authors: Zhou Dingran , Li Fei , Yuan Zhiyong , Zhao Yu , Zuo Hongbo , Han Jiecai , Zhang Lunyong , Sun Jianfei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWet etching has been a fundamental process for the fabrication of sapphire crystal substrates with critical position in the current semiconductor devices industry. The present work reveals the etching behaviors of cavities on the M‐plane {100} of sapphire crystal by the hot KOH etchant. It is shown that the boundary of cavities changes from smooth circle to octagon‐like and the edges evolve sharper as the etching temperature increases. Carefully analyzing the structure of the etched cavities suggests they are partially framed by low index planes (20) (20), (100), (010), and (110).
Novel approaches for periodontal tissue engineering
Authors: Swanson W. Benton , Yao Yao , Mishina Yuji 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe periodontal complex involves the hard and soft tissues which support dentition, comprised of cementum, bone, and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Periodontitis, a prevalent infectious disease of the periodontium, threatens the integrity of these tissues and causes irreversible damage. Periodontal therapy aims to repair and ultimately regenerate these tissues toward preserving native dentition and improving the physiologic integration of dental implants. The PDL contains multipotent stem cells, which have a robust capacity to differentiate into various types of cells to form the PDL, cementum, and alveolar bone. Selection of appropriate growth factors and biomaterial matrices to facilitate periodontal regeneration are critical to recapitulate the physiologic organization and function of the periodontal complex. Herein, we discuss the current state of clinical periodontal regeneration including a review of FDA‐approved growth factors. We will highlight advances in preclinical research toward identifying additional growth factors capable of robust repair and biomaterial matrices to augment regeneration similarly and synergistically, ultimately improving periodontal regeneration's predictability and long‐term efficacy. This review should improve the readers' understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involving periodontal regeneration essential for designing comprehensive therapeutic approaches.
Associations between emotion reactivity and eating disorder symptoms in a transdiagnostic treatment‐seeking sample
Authors: Bodell Lindsay P. , Egbert Amy H. , Anaya Carolina , Wildes Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) demonstrate difficulties with emotion regulation, and these difficulties have been associated with severity and maintenance of ED symptoms. Although emotion reactivity (i.e., the strength and duration of emotional experiences) is distinct from emotion regulation, few studies have examined emotion reactivity in the context of EDs. The purpose of the current study was to examine longitudinal associations between emotion reactivity and ED symptoms and impairment in individuals with EDs.MethodIndividuals seeking outpatient ED treatment (N = 265) completed questionnaires assessing ED symptoms and severity, emotion reactivity, and emotion regulation difficulties at treatment intake and bi‐monthly during treatment.ResultsIndividuals with anorexia nervosa or binge eating or purging presentations had higher emotion reactivity scores than a non‐ED comparison group. Controlling for age, diagnosis, and emotion regulation difficulties, emotion reactivity was positively associated with ED severity, ED‐related impairment, and loss of control eating severity. Moreover, emotion reactivity, but not emotion regulation difficulties, was associated with change in ED symptoms during treatment.DiscussionFindings support that emotion reactivity may differ based on ED presentations and may be an important correlate of ED symptom severity.Public SignificanceEmotion reactivity refers to the strength and duration of an emotional experience. This study found that higher emotion reactivity was related to greater eating disorder symptom severity and eating disorder‐related impairment. It may be beneficial to consider the role of emotion reactivity in conceptualizations of eating disorders, particularly those characterized by binge eating or purging.
Do alternative resources dampen functional responses of native but not alien gammarids?
Authors: Cuthbert Ross N. , Kotronaki Syrmalenia G. , Hütt Jasmin C. , Renk Elisabeth , Warlo Niklas , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile aquatic invasive predators are among the most impactful trophic groups, we lack the understanding of whether alternative food resources mediate adverse predatory effects and stabilize native prey communities. Here, we use comparative functional responses to examine the influence of alternative food resources (Fucussp.) on predator–prey interaction strengths from three gammarid crustaceans, with one native (Gammarus locusta) and two existing and emerging invasive (Gammarus tigrinus,Pontogammarus maeoticus, respectively) species, towards larval chironomid prey. All gammarids exhibited Type II functional responses, irrespective of the presence of alternative seaweed disks.Fucussp. disks significantly reduced predation rates overall; however, significant reductions in maximum feeding rates (i.e., functional response magnitudes) were only evident in the native species and not for the two invaders. Our results thus may suggest that alternative resources dampen the predatory interaction strength of native but not invasive alien species, concerning these three study organisms. This potentially exacerbates the impacts of invasive predators relative to natives in diverse communities. Studies should increasingly consider alternative resources when quantifying ecological impacts of current and future invasive alien species compared with natives.
Zero‐inflated count distributions for capture–mark–reencounter data
Authors: Riecke Thomas V. , Gibson Daniel , Sedinger James S. , Schaub Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe estimation of demographic parameters is a key component of evolutionary demography and conservation biology. Capture–mark–recapture methods have served as a fundamental tool for estimating demographic parameters. The accurate estimation of demographic parameters in capture–mark–recapture studies depends on accurate modeling of the observation process. Classic capture–mark–recapture models typically model the observation process as a Bernoulli or categorical trial with detection probability conditional on a marked individual's availability for detection (e.g., alive, or alive and present in a study area). Alternatives to this approach are underused, but may have great utility in capture–recapture studies. In this paper, we explore a simple concept: in the same way that counts contain more information about abundance than simple detection/non‐detection data, the number of encounters of individuals during observation occasions contains more information about the observation process than detection/non‐detection data for individuals during the same occasion. Rather than using Bernoulli or categorical distributions to estimate detection probability, we demonstrate the application of zero‐inflated Poisson and gamma‐Poisson distributions. The use of count distributions allows for inference on availability for encounter, as well as a wide variety of parameterizations for heterogeneity in the observation process. We demonstrate that this approach can accurately recover demographic and observation parameters in the presence of individual heterogeneity in detection probability and discuss some potential future extensions of this method.
Effect of drought and nutrient availability on invaded plant communities in a semi‐arid ecosystem
Authors: Ali Hamada E. , Bucher Solveig Franziska 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcosystem functions are heavily dependent on the functional composition of the plant community, i.e., the functional traits of plants forming the community. This, on the one hand, depends on plant occurrence, but on the other hand, depends on the intraspecific variability of functional traits of the species, which are influenced by climate and nutrient availability and affected by plant–plant interactions. To illustrate that, we studied the effects of drought and nitrogen addition (+ N), two important abiotic variables which are changing with ongoing global change, as well as their combined effect on the functional responses of grassland communities in semi‐arid environments of Northern Africa comprising of natural and invasive species. We conducted an experiment where we planted three native species and one invasive plant species in artificial communities of five individuals per species per plot. We exposed these communities to four different treatments: a drought treatment, an N‐addition treatment, the combination between drought and N‐addition, as well as a control. To assess the performance of plants within treatments, we measured selected plant functional traits (plant height, specific leaf area [SLA], leaf dry matter content [LDMC], N content of the leaves [Nmass], specific root length [SRL], and root diameter) for all individuals occurring in our plots, and additionally assessed the above and belowground biomass for each plant individual. We found that the invasive species showed a higher performance (higher biomass accumulation, taller plants, higher SLA, Nmass, SRL, and root diameter as well as lower LDMC) than the native species under drought conditions. The invasive species was especially successful with the combined impact of drought + N, which is a likely scenario in ongoing global change for our research area. Thus, plant functional traits might be a key factor for the invasion success of plant species which will be even more pronounced under ongoing global change.
Metabolic rates of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus in air as a function of body size, location, and injury
Authors: Fletcher Laura S. , Bolander Mikayla , Reese Tanner C. , Asay Emily Gail , Pinkston Emily , Griffen Blaine D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRapid warming in the Gulf of Maine may influence the success or invasiveness of the Asian shore crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus. To better predict the effects of climate change on this invasive species, it is necessary to measure its energy dynamics under a range of conditions. However, previous research has only focused on the metabolism of this intertidal species in water. We sampled adult crabs from three different sites and measured their metabolic rates in the air. We show that metabolic rate increases with body mass and the number of missing limbs, but decreases with the number of regenerating limbs, possibly reflecting the timing of energy allocation to limb regeneration. Importantly, metabolic rates measured here in the air are ~4× higher than metabolic rates previously measured for this species in water. Our results provide baseline measurements of aerial metabolic rates across body sizes, which may be affected by climate change. With a better understanding of respiration in H. sanguineus, we can make more informed predictions about the combined effects of climate change and invasive species on the northeast coasts of North America.
Ecological stoichiometry influences phytoplankton alpha and beta diversity rather than the community stability in subtropical bay
Authors: Xu Qiangsheng , Huang Meiqin , Yang Shu , Li Xiaoli , Zhao Huaxian , Tang Jinli , Jiang Gonglingxia , Li Zhuoting , Huang Yuqing , Dong Ke , Huang Liangliang , Li Nan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that changes in environmental factors can significantly impact and shift the structure of phytoplankton communities in marine ecosystems. However, little is known about the association between the ecological stoichiometry of seawater nutrients and phytoplankton community diversity and stability in subtropical bays. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the phytoplankton community assemblage and seasonal variation in the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. In this study, we found that the abundance of Bacillariophyceae in spring was relatively greater than in other seasons, whereas the abundance of Coscinodiscophyceae was relatively low in spring and winter but greatly increased in summer and autumn. Values of the alpha diversity indices gradually increased from spring to winter, revealing that seasonal variations shifted the phytoplankton community structure. The regression lines between the average variation degree and the Shannon index and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity values showed significantly positive correlations, indicating that high diversity was beneficial to maintaining community stability. In addition, the ecological stoichiometry of nutrients exhibited significantly positive associations with Shannon index and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, demonstrating that ecological stoichiometry can significantly influence the alpha and beta diversity of phytoplankton communities. The C:N:P ratio was not statistically significantly correlated with average variation degree, suggesting that ecological stoichiometry rarely impacted the community stability. Temperature, nitrate, dissolved inorganic phosphorous, and total dissolved phosphorus were the main drivers of the phytoplankton community assemblage. The results of this study provide new perspectives about what influences phytoplankton community structure and the association between ecological stoichiometry, community diversity, and stability in response to environmental changes.
An electronic consultation program impacts on heart failure patients' prognosis: implications for heart failure care
Authors: Mazón‐Ramos Pilar , Álvarez‐Álvarez Belén , Ameixeiras‐Cundins Cristina , Portela‐Romero Manuel , Garcia‐Vega David , Rigueiro‐Veloso Pedro , Rey‐Aldana Daniel , Lage‐Fernández Ricardo , Cinza‐Sanjurjo Sergio , González‐Juanatey José R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimse‐consults are asynchronous, clinician‐to‐clinician exchanges that answer focused, non‐urgent, patient‐specific questions using the electronic medical record. We instituted an e‐consultation programme (2013–2019) for all general practitioners (GPs) referrals to cardiologists that preceded patients' in‐person consultations when considered. In our study, we aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics, 1 year prognosis and the prognostic determinants of patients with a previous diagnosis of HF referred for an e‐consult, categorized by their previous HF‐related hospitalization status (recent hospitalization, <1 year before; remote hospitalization, >1 year before or never been hospitalized because of HF), and to analyse the impact of reducing the time elapsed between e‐consultation and response by the cardiologist in terms of prognosis.Methods and resultsEpidemiological and clinical data were obtained from 4851 HF patients referred by GPs to the cardiology department for an e‐consultation 2013 and 2020. The delay of time to e‐consults were solved was 8.6 + 8.6 days with 84.3% solved in <14 days. For the 1 year prognosis evaluation after the e‐consult were assessed the cardiovascular hospitalizations, HF‐related hospitalizations, HF‐related mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and all‐cause mortality. Compared with the group without a previous hospitalization, patients with recent and remote HF hospitalization were at higher risk of a new HF‐related hospitalization (OR: 19.41 [95% CI: 12.95–29.11]; OR: 8.44 [95% CI: 5.14–13.87], respectively), HF‐related mortality (OR: 2.47 [95% CI: 1.43–4.27]; OR: 1.25 [95% CI: 0.51–3.06], respectively), as well as cardiovascular hospitalizations and mortality and all‐cause mortality. Reduction in the time elapsed because e‐consultation was solved was associated with lower risk of HF‐related mortality (OR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.89–0.99]), cardiovascular mortality (OR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.93–0.98]), and all‐cause mortality (OR: 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–1.00]).ConclusionsA clinician‐to‐clinician e‐consultation programme between GPs and cardiologists in patients with HF allows to solve the demand of care in around 25% e‐consults without an in‐person consultation; the patients with a previous history of HF‐related hospitalization showed a worse 1 year outcome. A reduction in the time elapsed because e‐consultation was solved was associated with a mortality reduction.
Nationwide screening of Fabry disease in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Czech Republic
Authors: Zemánek David , Januška Jaroslav , Honěk Tomáš , Čurila Karol , Kubánek Miloš , Šindelářová Štěpánka , Zahálková Lucie , Klofáč Petr , Laštůvková Eliška , Lichnerová Eva , Aiglová Renata , Lhotský Jan , Vondrák Jiří , Dostálová Gabriela , Táborský Miloš , Kasper David , Linhart Aleš 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsFabry disease (FD) is a rare X‐linked genetic disorder caused by α‐galactosidase A (AGALA) deficiency. Whereas ‘classic’ variant has multisystemic manifestation, the more recently described ‘later‐onset’ variant is characterized by predominant cardiac involvement that often mimics hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Methods and resultsConsecutive unrelated patients with HCM were screened for FD in 16 (out of 17) cardiac centres in the Czech Republic covering specialized cardiology care from June 2017 to December 2018. AGALA activity and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso‐Gb3) levels were measured in all subjects using the dry blood spot method. FD was suspected in male patients with AGALA activity <1.2 μmol/h/L and in females with either low AGALA activity or lyso‐Gb3 > 3.5 ng/mL. Positive screening results were confirmed by genetic testing. We evaluated 589 patients (390 males, 66%) with HCM (mean maximal myocardial thickness 19.1 ± 4.3 mm). The average age was 58.4 ± 14.7 years. In total, 17 patients (11 males, 6 females) had a positive screening result, and subsequently, six of them (four males and two females) had a genetically confirmed pathogenic GLA mutation (total prevalence of 1.02%). Five of these patients were carrying the p.N215S mutation known to cause a typical later‐onset cardiac FD.ConclusionsWe confirmed the prevalence of FD repeatedly reported in previous screening programmes (approximately 1% irrespective of gender) in a non‐selected HCM population in Central Europe. Our findings advocate a routine screening for FD in all adult patients with HCM phenotype including both genders. The dry blood spot method used led to identification of clearly pathogenic variants.