bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meyerbeer and the New Chromaticism
Authors: Rothstein William 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Meyerbeer is an important link between Rossini and Verdi. A pupil of Vogler, Meyerbeer shared his teacher’s fascination with equal subdivisions of the octave. Progressions based on interval cycles—of semitones, whole tones, minor thirds, and major thirds—play a prominent role in the operas that Meyerbeer composed for Paris. Interval cycles are called upon to portray the demonic, evil, or uncanny, but also to underscore deep emotion. Meyerbeer anticipated Wagner and Verdi in his use of expressive tonality; his unconventional use of and chords influenced Verdi and others. By contrast, his deployment of keys in multi-movement numbers is relatively conservative. The two large numbers in act 4 of Les Huguenots are analyzed.
Afterword
Authors: Rothstein William 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is no skeleton key to the music of nineteenth-century Italian opera, but certain principles recur. One is the status of melody as partly independent of harmony. A consequence of this independence is the focal melodic pitch (sonorità), which often acts as an agent of melodic coherence. Another principle is freedom of travel around the universe of sharp, flat, and neutral keys, with no requirement to end where one began. This freedom encourages delimitation in the form of tonal fields, areas of the tonal universe that interact with each other, either by mutual contrast or by enharmonic connection. Both principles are related by the larger concept of common-tone tonality.
Viruses Shaping History and the Discovery of Viruses
Authors: Li Jie Jack 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins by reminiscing several fascinating stories where viruses shaped the trajectories of history. The Dutch tulip mania that took place in the 1630s was largely caused by variegation of the tulip flowers infected by the tulip mosaic virus. In the sixteenth century, the Spaniards conquered Mexico and Peru with the help of an invisible accomplice: the smallpox virus. Meanwhile, the successions of many thrones around the world were impacted partially by the infection of smallpox as well. The chapter then proceeds to recount how viruses were first discovered from tobacco leaves infected by the tobacco mosaic virus. Finally, the chapter closes by reviewing some of the many cancer-causing viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, HPV, and HTLV.
General Introduction: The Text and Its Author
Authors: Esler Dylan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Introduction offers a detailed account of the life of the bSam-gtan mig-sgron’s author, gNubs-chen Sangs-rgyas ye-shes, who played a pivotal role in codifying the tantric teachings that were to become the heritage of the rNying-ma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Particular attention is devoted to the problems surrounding gNubs-chen’s dates. The chapter also looks at the reception of the bSam-gtan mig-sgron in Tibet and gives an overview of prior scholarly research on this text. In the textual discussion that follows, the overall structure of the text is examined, as is the manner in which gNubs-chen extensively uses citations, from both authoritative scriptures and the works of named masters, as building blocks to frame and authenticate his arguments. Other topics addressed are the doxographical assumptions underlying gNubs-chen’s classificatory scheme and the nature of the glosses that intersperse the entire text, and what they might tell us regarding its early transmission.
Getting Ready
Authors: Esler Dylan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter gives a brief overview of the lineages and means specific to each of the contemplative approaches that will constitute the principal chapters of the work. It then launches into a discussion of four reliances that the aspiring meditator will need for his practice. They concern the master who imparts personalized instruction, the consort with whom the tantric yogin engages in sexual yoga, the books compatible with the meditative system to be practiced, and a servant who is to look after the meditator’s daily necessities so that the latter do not become a cause of distraction. Due attention is also given to the necessity of looking after the body during retreat, a reminder that the Buddhist path of meditation steers clear of the extremes of indulgence and self-mortification. The chapter closes with reflections on the benefits of meditating and the defects of not doing so.
Gaining Perspective
Authors: Esler Dylan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter broaches the interrelationship between correctly assimilating the doctrinal standpoint or view of a given contemplative approach and deepening and stabilizing this comprehension through meditation. It then provides a bird’s-eye view of the differences among the vehicles examined in the text. This is achieved by looking at their respective understanding of the key notion of non-discursiveness, or non-conceptuality. The chapter proceeds to identify and refute the deviations in the lower vehicles’ understanding from the perspective of Atiyoga or rDzogs-chen, the approach favored by the author, gNubs-chen Sangs-rgyas ye-shes. This chapter thus provides a condensed version of the topics to be covered at length in the main chapters of the text.
Introduction
Authors: Shaw James R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the aims of the book: to provide a “bipartite” reading of the rule-following remarks in Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations on which Wittgenstein engages in a “Justificatory Investigation” and a “Grammatical Investigation”; to use this distinction to illuminate Wittgenstein’s remarks on human agreement and his overall philosophical methodology; and finally to apply the resulting view to a form of meaning skepticism developed by Saul Kripke. The chapter previews how the bipartite reading is able to give us new insight into Wittgenstein’s views in the foundations of semantics that helps to situate him with respect to contemporary work on the subject, and also helps to deepen our understanding of key Wittgensteinean notions like that of a “form of life.”
The Justificatory Question (§185)
Authors: Shaw James R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a close reading of §185 of the Philosophical Investigations, on which it raises a question distinctively about “reasons” or “justifications” for following rules in a sense that is expounded most clearly in Wittgenstein’s dictations in the Blue and Brown Books. In this book this is called the “Justificatory Question.” The chapter presents key evidence for this reading from Wittgenstein’s cursory treatment of dispositions in the Investigations. Lastly, this reading is situated with respect to the existing exegetical literature, and the significance of Wittgenstein’s Justificatory Question is situated with respect to the contemporary philosophical landscape.
Wittgenstein and Kripke
Authors: Shaw James R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter describes the aims of Part II of the book: to lay out the form of meaning skepticism developed by Saul Kripke in his celebrated reading of Wittgenstein’s rule-following remarks, and to show how although Wittgenstein never countenanced meaning skepticism, his work on the foundations of meaning contains novel and insightful resources for avoiding that skepticism. This chapter also previews several important steps on the way to appreciating this point about Wittgenstein’s relationship to Kripke. These include developing a contrast in how these two authors regard the role of constitutive grounds for meaning, and getting clearer on the roles that dispositions can and should play in Wittgenstein’s Grammatical Investigation.
For God and Liberty
Authors: Voekel Pamela 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
At the heart of the Age of Revolution in Spanish America was a transatlantic Catholic civil war. Each side of this religious divide operated from within a self-conscious intercontinental network of like-minded Catholics. The traditional narrative of the transitions from monarchy to independent republicanism as a process of secularization misses completely the warring factions in the Church who vied to define man’s relation to God and, therefore, the proper order of temporal authority. For its central protagonists, the era’s crisis of sovereignty provided a political stage for religious commitments, and everywhere local interests intersected with transnational currents. The New World’s sacred vision of liberty is revealed in the enormous archive of reformist theology, republican advocacy, and official reports of often bloody confrontations that marked this religious conflict.
Drawing the Religious Battle Lines
Authors: Voekel Pamela 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
An Empire-wide constitutional convention met from 1810 to 1814. Under the iron hand of the monarchy and the Inquisition, religious fault lines had been fiercely contained. The Cortes’ guarantees of free speech and a free press allowed them to surface. In Mérida, Yucatán, the Sanjuanistas, like reformist Catholics throughout the empire’s urban areas in this period, transformed the decidedly regalist and episcopalist Reform Catholicism of prior Bourbon state and church officials into a far more democratic doctrine, one that provided a justification to decenter not just the pope but the absolutism of the monarchy itself. Reformers championed new notions of political representation that paralleled their notions of church ecclesiology. These theological rebels squared off against ultramontanist Catholics who supported monarchical and papal absolutism and promoted religious cults like the Sacred Heart of Jesus. A religious war with deep transatlantic connections transpired in the press and in the city’s streets.
The Rivals Muster
Authors: Voekel Pamela 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the early nineteenth century, reformist Catholics centered in San Salvador championed local political and ecclesiastical control against secular and religious hierarchies, as well as against economic elites clustered in Guatemala City engaged in large-scale merchant trade across the Atlantic. Enraged by the predatory loans of these big merchants, indigo growers in and around San Salvador developed an esprit de corps and formal advocacy organizations. The local political and ecclesiastical control necessitated by the Bourbon abdications in addition became a theater of experimentation in governing the municipalities as well as the churches. The crisis of sovereignty of 1808 introduced the men who would later be regarded as the founding fathers of El Salvador and Colombia—committed reformist ecclesiastics like José Matías Delgado and José Simeón Cañas, radical friar Juan de Dios Campos Diez, and Colombian parish priest Juan Nepomuceno Azuero Plata. Their reformist theology cannot be separated from their democratic politics.
The moral view of perpetrator disgust
Authors: Munch-Jurisic Ditte Marie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 presents the moral view of perpetrator disgust and aversive emotions. A range of dominant interpretations in genocide studies, philosophy, and psychology has argued that emotional responses like disgust and distress represent an embodied form of moral perception that can (and should) guide individual action. In genocide studies we find nativist interpretations that view perpetrator disgust as sign of an innate human instinct against killing and habituation interpretations that see disgust as shaped by the social and moral environment of the agent. Both accounts maintain that the disgust response contains moral potential, a seed for prosocial action.
The destructive view of perpetrator disgust
Authors: Munch-Jurisic Ditte Marie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 3 presents a destructive view on perpetrator disgust as an alternative to both moral and non-moral views of the phenomenon. To account for the full range of documented cases, which include instances of aesthetic disgust as well as distress that is accompanied by explicit expressions of guilt and recognition of wrongdoing, it is necessary to divorce questions on the nature of perpetrator disgust from consequential questions of its motivational force. When perpetrators feel disgust in situations of mass atrocity, even if they experience moral conflict, they are not inspired to moral action. On the contrary, because of their social, moral, and political context, they tend to understand their distress as an emotional obstacle to be overcome. Rather than an impediment to murder, the management of perpetrator disgust becomes a crucial element in shaping a genocidal mentality.
Concluding remarks
Authors: Munch-Jurisic Ditte Marie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Societies often make use of feelings of disgust, horror, and distress as a pedagogical tool to cultivate correct moral attitudes. The practice of having children attend public executions is one example how societies foster an environment where brutality and torture are not just morally justified and accepted, but also cheered and celebrated. Such examples show that gut feelings like disgust and discomfort are not calibrated by a natural, universal morality, but function as vessels that can be hitched to a range of ideologies, principles, value judgments, and more. Through an analysis of historical and contemporary cases, and an exploration of the use of revulsion in Anthony Burgess’ modern fable, A Clockwork Orange (1962), the concluding remarks pinpoint the importance of distinguishing between the visceral feeling itself and its moral import.
Strange Memory
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section introduces the main topics to be tackled through the book: a realist ontology of time and memory (the past as real, as surviving in memory) that can be articulated through both philosophy (Henri Bergson) and mystical practices (Mina Bergson’s occult performances of the past). Opening with the example of a personal memory of the author, the idea of memory as merely mental time travel is discussed and contrasted with a realist ontology of different, but covarying, levels or kinds of duration that exist in a mereological (part-whole) relation. An examination ensues of the place of spirit in contemporary materialist thought, as well as that of matter in late nineteenth-century (or “neo-materialist”) spiritualism. The plan of the book, with its peculiar structuring device modeled upon the Kabbalistic Tree of Life, is set out.
10° = 1° Ipsissimus Covariant (Neophyte)
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section provides an overview of modern psychological theories of memory and memory images, and their interpretation within contemporary philosophical psychology. Some historical aspects (Plato, Aristotle) are also touched on when relevant, which leads to a full discussion of trace theory, both from the perspective of its advocates and critics (the latter normally charging it with lacking any historicity). The importance of the image for the Golden Dawn (and Henri Bergson) is introduced, while also comparing that significance with the similar views of Alfred Sinnett and Rudolf Steiner. How an ultra-realism toward the past (and memory) could be theorized in the context of trace theory (and its implication of “presentism”) is also addressed. Patrick McNamara’s use of Bergson’s selectionist theory of memory (and levels of memory or duration) is then explored in respect to this question of pastism and presentism, naturalist and nonnaturalist theories of memory.
“O My Bergson, You Are a Magician”
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section examines Henri Bergson’s attitude to and writings about spiritualism, mysticism, and psychical research. The Kabbalistic idea that the adept retraces the path of Divine emanations (charted in the Tree of Life) is related to Bergson’s view of metaphysics, and metaphysical insight, as a reversal of the normal direction of thought, or a search for “experience at its source.” The relationship between religion, understood as an organized worship of God, and the kind of mysticism found in the Golden Dawn (namely, a heterodox set of practices aimed at self-actualization and self-knowledge) is also related to Henri Bergson’s own theory of the self and inwardness. The chapter continues by looking at Henri Bergson’s theory of magic and fabulation before closely examining his approach to psychical research, in particular by comparing his theory of pure perception and hyperaesthesia with clairvoyance and astral travel, especially as described in texts by Mina Bergson.
On the Meta-Spiritual
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section discusses the metatheoretical dimensions of spiritualism, materialism, and any conceptual antagonism between the two. A nontranscendent model of spirit is proposed, while the ensuing problems of inflation versus reduction are addressed before returning to the idea of supernormalization as a way of bypassing this never-ending dialectic. The popular cinematic portrayal of spirits (ghosts, phantoms) is analyzed for its own (informative) contradictions, especially as regard the physicalist portrayal of supposedly immaterial beings. The implicit sub-Cartesian dualism of substance in these representations of phantoms and the supernatural is shown to be shared by certain philosophies, and it is then critiqued from the vantage point of process theory and metaphilosophy. Finally, a part-whole approach to thinking about reality and representation (images, memories, ghosts) is forwarded, only one where the mereology is temporalized through covarying parts and heterogeneous continuities.
Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section focuses on Mina Bergson, her occult practice (beginning with the Rites of Isis), and the meaning of her “magic” name Vestigia Nulla Retrorsum, when translated as “Leave No Trace.” Using Peggy Phelan’s thesis of the power of the “unmarked,” the subtle differences between occult invocation and evocation, the use of the medium’s body, and the ephemerality of gesture and movement, questions are explored regarding traced and untraced movement. This leads back to memory studies (the engram as a trace of the past in the brain), and then back to Henri Bergson and an analysis of new, recently published lectures by him (from 1904) on the philosophy of memory, lectures that update Matter and Memory in significant ways, especially as regards the role of reverie in memory. The chapter ends by linking traceless movement to a new meaning for Bergsonism that incorporates the ideas of both Mina and Henri.
3° = 8° Practicus Covariant
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section continues the focus on performance, only now as mediated through the “performative” materialism of Karan Barad and the artist Lindsay Seers’s work, Nowhere Less Now, and its engagement with Mina Bergson. It begins by looking at certain spiritually inclined physicists from the late nineteenth century, before turning to Barad’s philosophical work and her engagement with quantum mechanics, and especially the ideas of Niels Bohr on entanglement between subatomic particles. Barad’s work has been compared to Henri Bergson before, but here the emphasis is shared with the performances and art installations of Seers, who also relates biographical memory, the past, and twinness, to quantum mechanics, while invoking both Henri and Mina Bergson’s names in her work. An exploration follows of the alternative, “ontological” reading of quantum mechanics offered by David Bohm, which allows for an interpretation of covariance and movement through the idea of nonlocalization (holism).
Veridical Hallucinations and Circumstantial Evidence
Authors: Ó Maoilearca John 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This section asks whether such an alliance between philosophy and mysticism is plausible. It begins by looking at the philosophical tendency to demarcate what is knowledge and what is (mystical) nonsense as a peculiar form of “view from nowhere”—a self-imposed exile that makes philosophy ghostly, a part of the whole that wishes to think (of itself as) the whole, a de-parted part. This is what François Laruelle calls the “unitary illusion” of philosophy, and this allows us to connect Laruelle’s notion of “ordinary mysticism” (which has no such illusions of unity) with our own idea of the supernormal. Alongside a summary of this book’s ideas, this chapter considers the possibility that it may have overreached itself in combining the ideas of Mina and Henri Bergson, or that the theory of the supernormal is less an answer to a problem than a new name for a problem that helps to dissolve it.
Teaching Philosophy
Authors: Pawelski James O. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Questions of human flourishing have traditionally been at the core of philosophical inquiry. This is one reason why philosophy has historically had such an honored place in educational programs intended to help students live life well and engage wisely in civic life. Contemporary educational systems, however, present a number of obstacles to the teaching of philosophy as a way of cultivating flourishing. Faculty face professional pressures to focus more on knowledge than on wisdom, and students wrestle with academic and vocational expectations seemingly disconnected from well-being. Meanwhile, data indicates that students are facing a worsening mental health crisis of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Can teachers of philosophy help? This chapter discusses historical connections between the teaching of philosophy and the cultivation of human flourishing, explores present obstacles to this important educational goal, and suggests ways of rethinking the teaching of philosophy in the current context. Along the way, it examines the increasing prevalence of psychology courses aimed at supporting students’ well-being and presents experiences from the author’s more than thirty years of philosophy instruction to consider how the teaching of philosophy—and more broadly the restructuring of the entire curriculum—can create educational environments more conducive to the well-being of students and their teachers.
Human Flourishing, Philosophical Naturalism, and Aesthetic Value
Authors: Smith Murray 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter maps out a variety of historical and contemporary debates concerning the values embodied by film and other arts. I hold that a proper understanding of aesthetic value sees it as a core member of that family of values—epistemic, ethical, political, and aesthetic—collectively essential to human flourishing, rather than peripheral to it. In this sense, the aesthetic dimension is not only an essential aspect of film as an art, but a crucial aspect of life well-lived and fully realized. I also address a related methodological question: what is the relationship between the descriptive and explanatory nature of (positive) psychology, and the normative character of claims about human flourishing? I argue in favour of a broad, “co-operative naturalism” to defend the relevance of scientific psychology to value-laden domains. Throughout, I develop these arguments in relation to Remain in Light, the 1980 album by Talking Heads.
Putting Away Childish Things
Authors: May Isaac Barnes 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The first chapter provides background for the rise of God-optional religion by addressing the progression of secularization in the United States in the early twentieth century. It focuses on the lives of clergy, and some laity, who felt their faith challenged by this process, often having to reimagine their beliefs to stay religious. This change was frequently analogized to maturing from childhood to adulthood. The chapter argues that this process of rejecting and reinterpreting faith was common across many religious groups and was understood to be part of the experience of going to seminary. The chapter also considers the difference between God-optional groups and other liberal religious communities when it came to dealing with these crises of faith.