bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling demersal fish and benthic invertebrate assemblages in support of marine conservation planning
Authors: O'Brien John M. , Stanley Ryan R. E. , Jeffery Nicholas W. , Heaslip Susan G. , DiBacco Claudio , Wang Zeliang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine classification schemes based on abiotic surrogates often inform regional marine conservation planning in lieu of detailed biological data. However, these schemes may poorly represent ecologically relevant biological patterns required for effective design and management strategies. We used a community‐level modeling approach to characterize and delineate representative mesoscale (tens to thousands of kilometers) assemblages of demersal fish and benthic invertebrates in the Northwest Atlantic. Hierarchical clustering of species occurrence data from four regional annual multispecies trawl surveys revealed three to six groupings (predominant assemblage types) in each survey region, broadly associated with geomorphic and oceanographic features. Indicator analyses identified 3–34 emblematic taxa of each assemblage type. Random forest classifications accurately predicted assemblage distributions from environmental covariates (AUC > 0.95) and identified thermal limits (annual minimum and maximum bottom temperatures) as important predictors of distribution in each region. Using forecasted oceanographic conditions for the year 2075 and a regional classification model, we projected assemblage distributions in the southernmost bioregion (Scotian Shelf‐Bay of Fundy) under a high emissions climate scenario (RCP 8.5). Range expansions to the northeast are projected for assemblages associated with warmer and shallower waters of the Western Scotian Shelf over the 21st century as thermal habitat on the relatively cooler Eastern Scotian Shelf becomes more favorable. Community‐level modeling provides a biotic‐informed approach for identifying broadscale ecological structure required for the design and management of ecologically coherent, representative, well‐connected networks of Marine Protected Areas. When combined with oceanographic forecasts, this modeling approach provides a spatial tool for assessing sensitivity and resilience to climate change, which can improve conservation planning, monitoring, and adaptive management.
Sex, body size, and boldness shape the seasonal foraging habitat selection in southern elephant seals
Authors: Allegue Hassen , Guinet Christophe , Patrick Samantha C. , Hindell Mark A. , McMahon Clive R. , Réale Denis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelecting foraging habitat is a fundamental behavior in the life of organisms as it directly links resource acquisition to fitness. Differences in habitat selection among individuals may arise from several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and yet, their interaction has been given little attention in the study of wild populations. We combine sex, body size, and boldness to explain individual differences in the seasonal foraging habitat selection of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from the Kerguelen Archipelago. We hypothesize that habitat selection is linked to the trade‐off between resource acquisition and risk, and that individuals differ in their position along this trade‐off because of differences in reproductive strategies, life stages, and metabolic requirements. Before the post‐molt foraging trip, we used a novel object approach test to quantify the boldness of 28 subadult and adult females and 42 subadult males and equipped them with data loggers to track their movements at sea. Subadult males selected neritic and oceanic habitats, whereas females mostly selected less productive oceanic habitats. Both sexes showed a seasonal shift from Antarctic habitats in the south in the summer to the free of ice subantarctic and subtropical habitats in the north in the winter. Males avoided oceanic habitats and selected more productive neritic and Antarctic habitats with body size mostly in the winter. Bolder males selected northern warmer waters in winter, while shyer ones selected the Kerguelen plateau and southern colder oceanic waters. Bolder females selected the Kerguelen plateau in the summer when prey profitability is assumed to be the highest. This study not only provides new insights into the spatiotemporal foraging ecology of elephant seals in relation to personality but also emphasizes the relevance of combining several intrinsic and extrinsic factors in understanding among‐individual variation in space use essential in wildlife management and conservation.
Influence of biomimicry structures on ecosystem function in a Rocky Mountain incised stream
Authors: Reinert James Holden , Albertson Lindsey K. , Junker James R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRising levels of stream degradation have motivated a boom in restoration projects across the globe. However, postrestoration monitoring is still frequently lacking and does not always incorporate biotic responses to changes in the physical template. Beaver mimicry structures (BMSs) are becoming a popular tool to restore degraded streams throughout the American West, but relatively little is known about how these installations influence both biotic and abiotic factors, with consequences for ecosystem functioning. We monitored basal resources, organic and inorganic material standing stocks, and macroinvertebrate density, biomass, and production to quantify functional responses to BMS installation. We compared conditions at BMS sites to naturally occurring beaver dam and reference riffle sites in a low‐gradient stream in southwest Montana. Thermal ranges were contracted, and daily maximum temperatures were higher, in the BMS treatment compared to the reference riffle treatment. Fine sediment standing stock and basal resources were similar in Beaver and BMS treatments, and both treatments were higher than reference riffles. All treatments differed in macroinvertebrate density, which was highest in the Beaver treatment, followed by Mimic and then Reference treatment. Biomass and secondary production were higher in Beaver and BMS treatments compared to the Reference treatment, but only Beaver and Reference treatments differed significantly, likely due to differences in physical habitat and basal resource availability. Consequently, production of collector–gatherers in the BMS treatment and shredders in the Beaver treatment was higher than in reference riffles. Changes to local hydrology and sediment dynamics resulting from BMS influence biotic functional responses like organic material standing stock and secondary production, creating habitat and ecosystem function distinct from riffles and similar to target conditions of natural beaver dams. To continue to improve BMS as a standard restoration practice, future research could consider the extent of degradation, increasing temporal scale of monitoring. Alterations to aquatic–terrestrial subsidies and impacts to fishes.
Redundancy analysis reveals complex den use patterns by eastern spotted skunks, a conditional specialist
Authors: Thorne Emily D. , Ford W. Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWildlife managers tasked with understanding habitat and resource selection at the population level attempt to characterize patterns in nature that aid and inform conservation. Resource selection functions (RSFs), such as discrete choice analyses, are the standard convention to characterize the effects of habitat attributes on resource selection patterns. These tools are invaluable for wildlife management and conservation and have proven successful in numerous studies. However, the analysis of small datasets using RSF becomes problematic when attempting to account for complex sources of variation, and the inclusion of factors such as weather or intrinsic variation on target species' response may produce models with poor predictive ability. We compared the application of generalized linear mixed‐effects modeling (GLMM) and redundancy analysis (RDA) on Appalachian spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius putorius) den selection data at four study sites within the George Washington, Jefferson, and Monongahela National Forests, and surrounding private lands in the Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia and northeastern West Virginia. We assessed the need for the inclusion of alternative sources of variation (i.e., weather conditions and individual intrinsic variation) in addition to standard habitat attributes to better identify sources of variation in den selection. The RDA elucidated complex and opposing relationships, whereby den type use was based on reproductive status or weather condition, which were not evident in the GLMM model that relied solely on habitat measures. Our results demonstrated the importance of examining resource selection data using multivariate techniques in addition to conventional discrete choice analyses to better understand intricate habitat–species relationships, especially for small datasets. Furthermore, from our analyses, we proposed that spotted skunks are neither a true generalist nor specialist species. We introduced and define the term “conditional specialist” to represent a species that is conditionally selective of a given resource in response to one or more current environmental or intrinsic conditions.
Natriuretic peptide‐based inclusion criteria in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction clinical trials: insights from PARAGON‐HF
Authors: Pabón Maria A. , Cunningham Jonathan W. , Claggett Brian L. , Packer Milton , Zile Michael , Pfeffer Marc A. , Lefkowitz Martin , Shi Victor , Rizkala Adel , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Vaduganathan Muthiah 
Published: January 2022

AimNatriuretic peptides (NPs) are now routinely incorporated as key inclusion criteria in clinical trials of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) as objective measures of risk. An early amendment in PARAGON‐HF required all participants to have elevated NP concentrations, but some were enrolled pre‐amendment, providing a unique opportunity to understand the influence of enrolment pathway in HFpEF clinical trials.Methods and resultsAmong 4796 participants in PARAGON‐HF, 193 (4.0%) did not meet the final NP‐based enrolment criteria (N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide >300 pg/ml for patients in sinus rhythm or >900 pg/ml for patients in atrial fibrillation/flutter). These patients had lower rates of the primary endpoint of total heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death as compared with patients meeting final enrolment criteria (8.6 [6.7–11.2] events per 100 patient‐years vs. 14.0 [13.4–14.7] events per 100 patient‐years; p = 0.01). The rate ratio for the treatment effect comparing sacubitril/valsartan with valsartan was 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.74–0.99; p = 0.04) in those who met final criteria.ConclusionsNatriuretic peptides are an important tool in HFpEF clinical trials to objectively affirm diagnoses and enrich clinical event rates.
A comprehensive review of nano‐phase change materials with a focus on the effects of influential factors
Authors: Abdoos Bahare , Ghazvini Mahyar , Pourfayaz Fathollah , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Nouralishahi Amideddin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConservation of energy and reduction of carbon dioxide footprint are among the most crucial global challenges faced by humanity. Dozens of solutions have been so far introduced to address this issue. Nano‐phase change materials (nano‐PCMs) are new emerging technology that are vastly being studied which are believed to minimize energy waste. This study focuses on many aspects of nano‐PCMs with applications in the building industry. It was found that carbon‐based nanoparticles have the greatest thermal properties to be integrated into the PCMs. In this work, a summary of the previous review articles regarding PCM and nano‐PCM following the comparison of various types of nano‐particles in terms of their impact on thermal conductivity enhancement of PCMs is reported. Moreover, other influencial thermophyical properties of nanoparticles such as size, concentration, dispersion, shape, and inclination angle and their effect on thermal properties of PCMs are discussed.
Agenda‐setting, policy formulation, and the EU institutional context: The case of the Just Transition Fund
Authors: Leppänen Taru , Liefferink Duncan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUtilizing Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) as a basis, this article aims to further the understanding of the influence institutional factors have on agenda‐setting and policy formulation in the European Union (EU). It does so by analyzing the policy process of the Just Transition Fund (JTF) from agenda‐setting to policy formulation by the Commission. The research finds that policy entrepreneurship is strongly determined by the characteristics and overlap of institutional policy windows. In the JTF case, the institutional context enhanced the influence of policy entrepreneurs within the European Parliament, especially the S&D party, on the combined process of agenda‐setting and policy formulation. Therefore, this paper illustrates that EU MSF scholarship would benefit from taking institutional factors more into account. The conclusions also indicate that supranational institutions can play a larger role in EU climate policy formulation than some of the current research suggests.
Logjam fluctuations during the decade after a major blowdown along a mountain stream in the US Southern Rockies
Authors: Wohl Ellen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA blowdown in 2011 along a 1200‐m length of Glacier Creek in the Southern Rockies of Colorado, USA substantially increased the number of channel‐spanning logjams and initiated formation of a 100‐m‐long multithread channel segment. Annual logjam surveys during 2012–2020 indicate that these effects have persisted for a decade, with the number of logjams remaining high despite inter‐annual variations in the location of individual jams. No single logjam has remained in place continuously since the blowdown, but logjams tend to persist longest and to re‐form at sites with large ramp pieces from one or both sides of the channel and a lateral constriction created by bedrock or large boulders that can buttress the ramped piece(s) downstream. The most persistent logjams also form in secondary channels in the multithread section and logjams in the multithread reach tend to have larger backwater storage than logjams in the single‐thread reaches. The results presented here are unique in detailing changes in logjams during the decade following abrupt recruitment of a substantial volume of large wood to a mountain stream.
The effect of strip orientation and width on radiation interception in maize–soybean strip intercropping systems
Authors: Liu Haitao , Chen Shanghong , Li Baoguo , Guo Song , Tian Jing , Yao Li , Lin Chaowen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaize–soybean intercropping systems are widely used in developing countries, but few studies have been performed to optimize such systems. The effects of strip width and orientation on photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) distribution characteristics were therefore determined to gain a better understanding of crop productivity in maize–soybean intercropping systems. A series of intercropping experiments incorporating different strip orientations and widths were conducted. In addition, an improved radiation transmission model was used to simulate PAR interception by the maize and soybean crops. We found that more PAR was intercepted by the soybean plants than by the maize plants when the strip orientation angle increased from 0° to 90° in the maize–soybean intercropping systems. This result was obtained in most of the main maize production areas, including those with different latitudes. The effect of strip widths within the intercropping systems also had a significant effect on PAR interception. The relative fraction of PAR intercepted ranged from 39.4% to 86% for soybean and 105.8% to 169.3% for maize. The effect of soybean strip width on leaf PAR interception was greater than that of maize strip width. These results are not only of fundamental biological importance but they also have important implications for agriculture in terms of the optimization of production in intercropping systems.
Wholistic approach: Transcriptomic analysis and beyond using archival material for molecular diagnosis
Authors: Macagno Nicolas , Pissaloux Daniel , de la Fouchardière Arnaud , Karanian Marie , Lantuejoul Sylvie , Galateau Salle Françoise , Meurgey Alexandra , Chassagne‐Clement Catherine , Treilleux Isabelle , Renard Caroline , Roussel Juliette , Gervasoni Julie , Cockenpot Vincent , Crozes Carole , Baltres Aline , Houlier Aurélie , Paindavoine Sandrine , Alberti Laurent , Duc Adeline , Le Loarer Francois , Dufresne Armelle , Brahmi Mehdi , Corradini Nadège , Blay Jean‐Yves , Tirode Franck 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMany neoplasms remain unclassified after histopathological examination, which requires further molecular analysis. To this regard, mesenchymal neoplasms are particularly challenging due to the combination of their rarity and the large number of subtypes, and many entities still lack robust diagnostic hallmarks. RNA transcriptomic profiles have proven to be a reliable basis for the classification of previously unclassified tumors and notably for mesenchymal neoplasms. Using exome‐based RNA capture sequencing on more than 5000 samples of archival material (formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded), the combination of expression profiles analyzes (including several clustering methods), fusion genes, and small nucleotide variations has been developed at the Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) in Lyon for the molecular diagnosis of challenging neoplasms and the discovery of new entities. The molecular basis of the technique, the protocol, and the bioinformatics algorithms used are described herein, as well as its advantages and limitations.
Global patterns of Hodgkin lymphoma incidence and mortality in 2020 and a prediction of the future burden in 2040
Authors: Singh Deependra , Vaccarella Salvatore , Gini Andrea , De Paula Silva Neimar , Steliarova‐Foucher Eva , Bray Freddie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOur study examines global patterns of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in 2020 and predicts the future incidence and mortality burden in 2040 using IARC's GLOBOCAN estimates of the number of new cases and deaths of HL in 185 countries. A total of 83 000 new cases of HL and 23 000 deaths from HL were estimated in 2020. In general, incidence and mortality rates were consistently higher in males (50% more cases and deaths than females) across world regions and countries. Incidence rates varied markedly by world region, at least 10‐fold in both sexes, with the highest incidence rates observed in Southern Europe. Mortality exhibited an inverse pattern compared to incidence, with rates elevated in Western Asia and Northern Africa. The number of HL incident cases is predicted to rise to around 107 000 cases (a 30% increase) by 2040 due to demographic changes, assuming global rates in 2020 remains unchanged. The findings provide a baseline and impetus for developing strategies that aim to reduce the burden of HL in future decades.
Irrigation water fitness assessment based on Bayesian network and FAO guidelines
Authors: Ilić Milica , Mutavdžić Beba , Srđević Zorica , Srđević Bojan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe use of inappropriate irrigation water may lead to unwanted consequences for the soil, plants, irrigation system equipment and more. Ideally, the assessment of water fitness should include all influential factors and their interdependence. Because that is rarely the case, as an attempt to satisfy such requirements we propose a new approach based on the FAO guidelines and Bayesian network (BN) modelling. Fifteen factors recommended by the FAO were used to create a network to assess irrigation water fitness. The usability of the BN was tested on two water samples from two measuring points in Vojvodina Province, Serbia. The results obtained from the same sample are diverse and depend on the plants' tolerance to salt and ionic toxicity, and on soil texture. For the different conditions at the measuring point Hetin, the probability of no restriction on use varied from 50 to 84%. In the case of the Bačko Gradište measuring point, the probability varied from 66 to 91.5%, and the strongest fitness depends on the soil texture. Comparison of the obtained results with the FAO classification shows high correlation and points to flexibility and adaptability of the created network to change data or working with missing data.
Sustained released of bioactive mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles from 3D‐printed gelatin methacrylate hydrogels
Authors: Born Louis J. , McLoughlin Shannon T. , Dutta Dipankar , Mahadik Bhushan , Jia Xiaofeng , Fisher John P. , Jay Steven M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an emerging class of therapeutics with significant potential and broad applicability. However, a general limitation is their rapid clearance after administration. Thus, methods to enable sustained EV release are of great potential value. Here, we demonstrate that EVs from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can be incorporated into 3D‐printed gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel bioink, and that the initial burst release of EVs can be reduced by increasing the concentration of crosslinker during gelation. Further, the data show that MSC EV bioactivity in an endothelial gap closure assay is retained after the 3D printing and photocrosslinking processes. Our group previously showed that MSC EV bioactivity in this assay correlates with pro‐angiogenic bioactivity in vivo, thus these results indicate the therapeutic potential of MSC EV‐laden GelMA bioinks.
Loss of Vlk in Prx1+ Cells Delays the Initial Steps of Endochondral Bone Formation and Fracture Repair in the Limb
Authors: Maridas David E , Gamer Laura , Moore Emily R , Doedens Annemiek M , Yu Yunqing , Ionescu Andreia , Revollo Leila , Whitman Malcolm , Rosen Vicki 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Vertebrate lonesome kinase (Vlk) is a secreted tyrosine kinase important for normal skeletogenesis during embryonic development. Vlk null mice (Vlk−/−) are born with severe craniofacial and limb skeletal defects and die shortly after birth. We used a conditional deletion model to remove Vlk in limb bud mesenchyme (Vlk-Prx1 cKO) to assess the specific requirement for Vlk expression by skeletal progenitor cells during endochondral ossification, and an inducible global deletion model (Vlk-Ubq iKO) to address the role of Vlk during fracture repair. Deletion of Vlk with Prx1-Cre recapitulated the limb skeletal phenotype of the Vlk−/− mice and enabled us to study the postnatal skeleton as Vlk-Prx1 cKO mice survived to adulthood. In Vlk-Prx1 cKO adult mice, limbs remained shorter with decreased trabecular and cortical bone volumes. Both Vlk-Prx1 cKO and Vlk-Ubq iKO mice had a delayed fracture repair response but eventually formed bridging calluses. Furthermore, levels of phosphorylated osteopontin (OPN) were decreased in tibias of Vlk-Ubq iKO, establishing OPN as a Vlk substrate in bone. In summary, our data indicate that Vlk produced by skeletal progenitor cells influences the timing and extent of chondrogenesis during endochondral bone formation and fracture repair. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).