bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing5Gmulti‐bandlong haul optical fronthaul links performance by magnitude‐selective affine digital predistortion method
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Usman , Soin Navneet , Kausar Shafaq 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel magnitude‐selective affine (MSA) based digital predistortion (DPD) method for the performance investigation of multiband 5G new radio (NR) based analog radio over fiber link. The proposed MSA‐DPD method is derived from the canonical piecewise linear (CPWL) based model by employing MSA functions, which can result in reduction of the number of multiplication operations and the model complexity. The 5G NR standard at 20 GHz with 50 MHz bandwidth and flexible‐waveform signal at 3 GHz with 20 MHz bandwidth is used. A dual drive Mach Zehnder modulator having two distinct RF signals modulates a 1310 nm optical carrier using distributed feedback laser for 22 km of standard single mode fiber. The proposed MSA‐DPD method is compared with the CPWL and generalized memory polynomial method. The experimental results are presented in terms of adjacent channel power ratio, error vector magnitude, number of estimated coefficients and multiplications suggesting that MSA‐DPD method achieves a better performance as compared to CPWL and GMP models with much lesser complexity meeting the 3GPP Release 17 requirements.
State elimination for mixed‐integer optimal control of partial differential equations by semigroup theory
Authors: Thünen Anna , Leyffer Sven , Sager Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMixed‐integer optimal control problems governed by partial differential equations (MIPDECOs) are powerful modeling tools but also challenging in terms of theory and computation. We propose a highly efficient state elimination approach for MIPDECOs that are governed by partial differential equations that have the structure of an abstract ordinary differential equation in function space. This allows us to avoid repeated calculations of the states for all time steps, and our approach is applied only once before starting the optimization. The presentation of theoretical results is complemented by numerical experiments.
Design of controllable degradable epoxy resin: High performance and feasible upcycling
Authors: Feng Haoyang , Jin Dandan , Wang Shuaipeng , Hu Jingyuan , Dai Jinyue , Yan Shifeng , Liu Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEndowing epoxy resin with high performance, controllable degradation as well as feasible upcycling is a huge challenge. Herein, we synthesized a bio‐based amine curing agent containing spiro diacetal unit using an environment‐friendly method, then the controllable degradable epoxy resin was obtained after the curing reaction between diamine (DVPM) and bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA). Results showed that DVPM‐DGEBA resin performed high glass translation temperature of 136°C, glassy storage modulus of 3.93 GPa, and tensile strength of 85.9 MPa, owing to spiro diacetal unit and abundant methoxyl‐related hydrogen bonds confirmed by non‐isothermal fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR) and dynamic mechanical analyses. More importantly, DVPM‐DGEBA resin could decompose into soluble linear oligomers in mild acidic solution. Systematically investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and FT‐IR. Furthermore, the recycled oligomers could be reprocessed into thermosetting resins in the presence of diamines, and the upcycling resin performed high‐performance (glass translation temperature of 170°C, glassy storage modulus of 6.03 GPa and tensile strength of 86.4 MPa) and flame‐retardant (V‐0 rating). This work gives us some new ideas to achieve the upcycling of the thermoset resin.
Zhu‐Wang‐Tang constitutive model of reinforced Al/PTFE materials at medium strain rate
Authors: Chen Chuang , Li Yang , Chang Mengzhou , Guo Kai , Han Ya Fei , He Liping , Xu Mingyang , Tang Enling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAluminum/Polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) active materials have the dual characteristics of strength and activity. When acting on the target, it penetrates first and then deflagration, so as to enhance the damage effect on the target. Based on the traditional formula of Al/PTFE (26.5%/73.5%), the reinforced Al/PTFE active materials are prepared by cold pressing sintering and rapid cooling process. The static and dynamic compression experiments are carried out on this material. Based on the compression experiment data, the Zhu‐Wang‐Tang (ZWT) constitutive model parameters of the reinforced Al/PTFE active materials are fitted. The self‐made ZWT constitutive model subroutine is embedded into ABAQUS by the user material subroutine interface (VUMAT), and the numerical simulation is carried out in the range of medium strain rate (1400–3300 s−1). The accuracy of the parameters of the constitutive model is verified by the combination of experiment and numerical simulation. The results show that the reinforced Al/PTFE materials have better mechanical properties under dynamic loading than the traditional formula Al/PTFE. When the strain rate is 1400 s−1, the maximum stress of the reinforced Al/PTFE materials is 54 MPa, which is 1.5 times the strength of the traditional formula Al/PTFE; when the strain rate is 2800 s−1, the maximum stress of the reinforced Al/PTFE materials is 100.3 MPa, which is 1.9 times that of the traditional formula Al/PTFE. In the range of strain rate from 1400 to 2800 s−1, the time‐history curves of true stress, true strain, and strain rate obtained by numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is extrapolated to the loading strain rate of 3300 s−1, and the numerical simulation results are still in good agreement with the experimental results. The compressive ZWT constitutive model of reinforced Al/PTFE active materials obtained in this paper is reliable and can well describe the dynamic mechanical properties of the material at medium strain rate (1400–3300 s−1).
Proneness to psychotic‐like experiences as a basic personality trait complementing the HEXACO model—A preregistered cross‐national study
Authors: Knežević Goran , Lazarević Ljiljana B. , Bosnjak Michael , Keller Johannes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe goal of the study is to investigate the relationship between the HEXACO personality model and Disintegration—representing a broad spectrum of psychotic‐like experiences and behavioral tendencies (Perceptual Distortions, General Executive/Cognitive Impairment, Enhanced Awareness, Paranoia, Mania, Flattened Affect, Apathy/Depression, Somatoform Dysregulation, and Magical Thinking) that are reconceptualized as a personality trait. In this preregistered study, we predicted that the Disintegration factor would separate from HEXACO. The replicability of the factorial structures of HEXACO and Disintegration subcomponents is investigated across the three national samples (UK, Germany, and Serbia), matched on key socio‐demographic variables. Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) is used to study the invariance of the hypothesized seven‐factor structure (six HEXACO plus Disintegration). Support for the metric invariance of the seven‐factor structure based on HEXACO and Disintegration subcomponents/facets across the three nations was found. The Disintegration factor lied outside the HEXACO personality space with each of its nine subcomponents. The Disintegration factor appeared to be among the most coherent and replicable of the seven across the samples and units of measurement (facets and items). A broad spectrum of psychotic‐like experiences/behavioral tendencies relevant in understanding and explaining many aspects of everyday and long‐term (mal)adaptations is not captured by the HEXACO model.
Capture of CO2 by novel diiodo‐N,N‐imidazoliumvinylidene: A theoretical quest
Authors: Soroudi Shadi , Kassaee Mohamad Zaman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCapture of CO2 by diiodo‐N,N‐imidazoliumvinylidene, with singlet and triplet minima (1s and 1t, respectively), is probed at M06‐2X/6‐311++G** level of theory. Ground state appears to be triplet 1t, which exhibits a rather large singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEs–t = +10.30 kcal mol−1). Adsorption of CO2 over 1t releases −3.70 kcal mol−1 energy and gives the initial CO2 adduct, with no transition state (TS). Sequentially, the latter goes through a reactant‐like TS, which leads to an internal exothermic attack of the carbene carbon to the adsorbed CO2 and forms 3t with conversion energy (Econ) of −6.77 kcal mol−1. Additional calculations involve endothermic capture of CO2 by the rather unstable 1s. The immense potential of the natural bond orbital (NBO) and atom in molecule (AIM) data in elucidating a reaction mechanism is unveiled by employing the electron‐pushing technique. Results appear consistent with the proposed mechanism.
Physical activity and its clinical correlates in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Schmidt Cristine , Monteiro Miguel , Furtado Inês , Carvalho Luísa , Gonçalves Fabienne , Reis Abílio , Santos Mário 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLimited data are available on physical activity (PhA) levels in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients, as well as on the clinical utility of PhA measurements using questionnaires and accelerometers. We aimed to study PhA levels of CTEPH patients and their clinical correlates, and to compare PhA levels measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) with measures from accelerometers. This is a cross‐sectional study (n = 50). PhA levels were measured using accelerometers and questionnaires (IPAQ). Clinical parameters evaluated were walked distance on the 6‐min‐walking test (6MWT), pulmonary vascular resistance, N‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide and quality of life (HRQoL) (Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review questionnaire). Time spent in sedentary behavior was lower in self‐reported measurement (279 ± 165 min/day) compared with accelerometry (446 ± 117 min/day, p < 0.000). Accelerometer‐derived data showed that CTEPH patients spent 60% of the recorded time in sedentary behaviors and 2% in moderate‐to‐vigorous PhA (MVPA). Correlation analysis showed that MVPA was significantly correlated with 6MWT (p = 0.023) and symptom domain of HRQoL (p = 0.044). Self‐reported MVPA was significantly higher than the one registered by the accelerometer (411 ± 569 vs. 131 ± 108 min/week, p = 0.027). Bland−Altman analysis indicated poor agreement between the two methods. Our results showed that CTEPH patients spend most of their days in sedentary behaviors and only a small amount of time in MVPA. Only MVPA was associated with HRQoL and CTEPH severity. In addition, we showed a poor agreement between self‐reported and accelerometer‐derived PhA in CTEPH patients, with the former overestimating the overall PhA.
Utilizing social science data from river recreationists to inform river management
Authors: Doeblin Dylan , Brunson Michael , Sharp Ryan L. , Brownlee Matthew T.J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRiver recreation often contributes to ecological degradation – a primary concern for river management professionals. Using social science data to inform ecological management helps mitigate recreational impacts, particularly at sites that experience high recreation use. This paper demonstrates the utility of an approach to collect, display, and use social data based on an indicators and thresholds approach at Buffalo National River in Arkansas (BUFF). Specifically, we presented a series of digitally manipulated photographs to river recreationists at BUFF that depicted varying levels of use, or density of use, to identify social thresholds – the levels of use deemed unacceptable by river users. We coupled the photos with quantitative questionnaires and found that paddlers, anglers, and campers thought that moderate to high‐density levels were unacceptable. Pairing such data with empirical evidence of ecological degradation born from recreation use (e.g., erosion, water quality issues) provides a robust and defensible justification for a range of management actions, including altering use levels and river access. The research methods presented in this paper are transferable to a range of high‐use rivers and waterways, and thus provide a blueprint for river professionals who by design or default interface with recreation and ecological resources. In the end, combining social and ecological data can fortify management decisions and decrease associated conflicts among important groups of river recreationists.
Relating Phonological Awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming to Phonological and Orthographic Processing of Written Words: Cross‐sequential Evidence from French
Authors: Vander Stappen Caroline , Reybroeck Marie Van 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTFew previous studies have directly linked the contribution of phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN) to the development of phonological processing and orthographic processing in reading. These studies are predominantly cross‐sectional and focus on reading development predictors, with relatively little emphasis on spelling achievement. The present study aims to address these issues with a cross‐sequential design conducted among French‐speaking beginning readers. Participants from kindergarten (n = 66) and Grade 1 (n = 87) were assessed with PA and RAN objects considering accuracy and speed. One year later, in Grade 1 or Grade 2, they were tested in word reading and spelling. ANOVAs showed a developmental change occurring in word reading and spelling between Grade 1 and Grade 2, going from phonological processing to orthographic processing. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that both PA and RAN predicted word reading and spelling in Grade 1, with a stronger proportion of the variance explained by RAN. In Grade 2, only PA explained the literacy outcomes, with a greater amount of the word spelling variance explained compared to the word reading variance. Our findings showed that PA and RAN contribute distinctively to word reading and spelling acquisition, suggesting that they represent independent processes. RAN's greater importance for early literacy skills (Grade 1) suggests that it accounts for the early processes implied in phonological processing. The longer‐lasting predictive value of PA (Grades 1 and 2) provides evidence of its importance for phonological and orthographic processing, especially in spelling.
Online Research and Comprehension Performance Profiles Among Sixth‐Grade Students, Including Those with Reading Difficulties and/or Attention and Executive Function Difficulties
Authors: Kanniainen Laura , Kiili Carita , Tolvanen Asko , Utriainen Jukka , Aro Mikko , Leu Donald J. , Leppänen Paavo H. T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study identified online research and comprehension (ORC) performance profiles of 436 sixth‐grade students (206 girls) aged 12–13 years. We included learner groups with different learning‐related difficulties and explored how students’ reading habits were represented in various performance profiles. First, students’ ORC performance was examined with a validated web‐based assessment measuring their skills in locating, evaluating, synthesizing, and communicating information. Second, reading fluency and teacher‐rated attention and executive function (EF) difficulty scores were used to form learner groups: (1) students with reading difficulties, (2) students with attention and EF difficulties, (3) students with comorbid difficulties in reading as well as attention and EF, and (4) students without these identified difficulties. Third, students’ reading habits were assessed with a questionnaire asking how often they read different kinds of texts. Seven ORC performance profiles were identified. Most of the profiles related to the students’ ORC performance level, except the profile of the average performers with low questioning credibility scores. Students with learning‐related difficulties were more likely to belong to the lower performance profiles, and all top performers were students without identified difficulties. However, 25.7% of students with reading difficulties and 16.2% of students with attention and EF difficulties performed at average or good levels of ORC. Finally, the frequency of reading longer texts, such as books and blog posts, was more clearly associated with students’ online reading performance than reading shorter texts, such as comics and online forum posts.
Critical issues concerning the assessment sets in agreement assessment
Authors: Kao Chu‐Lan , Chen Lin‐An , Hu Chi‐An 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince Bland and Altman's pioneering work, the assessment set has been an important constituent of agreement assessment. This article explores critical issues concerning the assessment set. First, we point out the fundamental differences between assessment approaches based on point estimation and those based on hypothesis testing related to the assessment set, and further present how the related disciplines choose between the two. Second, we argue that an assessment set with minimum volume should be preferred, as in the comparison of confidence intervals. Finally, we discuss assessment sets for the assessment of multiple methods, and propose two methods for the construction of assessment sets. Numerical examples further establish the applicability of these approaches.
Preparation and Property of a Three‐Dimensional Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene‐Fe3+/P(AA‐co‐DMA) Hydrogel
Authors: Yao Ju‐ying , Lu Mang , Wu Xue‐jiao , Chen Kai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, a three‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped graphene (3DNG)‐Fe3+/poly(acrylic acid‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (3DNG‐Fe3+/P(AA‐co‐DMA)) hydrogel with strong flexibility and excellent self‐healing property was prepared. The 3DNG‐Fe3+/P(AA‐co‐DMA) hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). The specific surface area and pore size distribution of the 3DNG‐Fe3+/P(AA‐co‐DMA) hydrogel were measured by using Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) method. The experimental results demonstrate that when 6 mol% FeCl3 was added, the breaking strain of Fe3+/P(AA‐co‐DMA) hydrogel reaches 1149 %, and the tensile strength reaches 689 kPa. Furthermore, the recovery degree of Fe3+/P(AA‐co‐DMA) hydrogel was almost 100 % after 24 h. The supercapacitors based on 3DNG‐Fe3+/P(AA‐co‐DMA) hydrogel have a specific capacitance value of 231.8 F g−1 at 1 A⋅g−1, and conductivity is 0.053 S⋅cm−1. When the power density is 5 kW kg−1, the energy density of the device is 38.7 Wh kg−1.
Can firms avoid tough patent examiners through examiner‐shopping? Strategic timing of citations in USPTO patent applications
Authors: Barber Benjamin , Diestre Luis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch summaryWe claim that, because patent citations influence examiner selection, firms disclose citations strategically to influence which examiner is assigned to their application (“examiner‐shopping”). Specifically, firms are more likely to cite patents reviewed by “lenient” examiners in their original information disclosure statement (IDS) (sent before the examiner has been selected), and delay citations to patents reviewed by “tough” examiners to subsequent IDS (sent once the examiner has been selected). We propose this strategy will be implemented by those firms who benefit the most (firms that face patent thickets and are developing high strategic‐stakes technologies) but only when the costs are low (when firms face a low probability of patent litigation). We find support to our theory in a sample of 9,763 United States patent and trademark office (USPTO) patent applications during 2000 to 2006.Managerial summaryWe find that firms facing patent thickets and developing high strategic stakes technologies try to get more “lenient” examiners to increase the probability of patent approval. The cost of this strategy is that “lenient” examiners usually grant weaker patents that are more likely to be litigated and invalidated. Firms overcome this by using “examiner‐shopping” mainly in fields where litigation is relatively infrequent. This behavior has relevant implications: fields where property rights are rarely challenged tend to become “denser” and populated by weaker patents. Our study's discussion of the limitations within the United States patent and trademark office (USPTO) that seem to provide the opportunity to implement “examiner‐shopping” strategies provides a path to address this from a policy standpoint.
Compact 3D Metal Collectors Enabled by Roll‐to‐Roll Nanoimprinting for Improving Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Zheng Qinwen , Li Xiangming , Yang Qingzhen , Li Congming , Wu Lifeng , Wang Yingche , Sun Pengcheng , Tian Hongmiao , Wang Chunhui , Chen Xiaoliang , Shao Jinyou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReducing the contact resistance between active materials and current collectors is of engineering importance for improving capacitive energy storage. 3D current collectors have shown extraordinary promise for reducing the contact resistance, however, there is a major obstacle of being bulky or inefficient fabrication before they become viable in practice. Here a roll‐to‐roll nanoimprinting method is demonstrated to deform flat aluminum foils into 3D current collectors with hierarchical microstructures by combining soft matter‐enhanced plastic deformation and template‐confined local surface nanocracks. The generated 3D current collectors are inserted by and interlocked with active electrode materials such as activated carbon, decreasing the contact resistance by at least one order of magnitude and quadrupling the specific capacitance at high current density of 30 A g–1 for commercial‐level mass loading of 5 mg cm–2. The 3D current collectors are so compact that they have a low volume percentage of 7.8% in the entire electrode film, resulting in energy and power density of 29.1 Wh L–1 and 12.8 kW L–1, respectively, for stack cells in organic electrolyte. Furthermore, roll‐to‐roll nanoimprinting of metal microstructures is low‐cost, high‐throughput, and can be extended to other systems that involve the microstructured metal interface, such as batteries and thermal management.
Burdens ofAscarisspp. andCryptosporidiumspp. parasites in farm pigs in Ghana
Authors: Larbi John Asiedu , Addo Seth Offei , Ofosu‐Amoako George , Offong Uduakobong Christopher , Odurah Efua Maclean , Akompong Samuel Kuranchie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, intestinal parasites significantly affect the health and production of pigs.ObjectiveThis study assessed the prevalence ofAscarisandCryptosporidiuminfection in pigs in the Ejisu‐Juaben Municipality of Ghana.MethodFaecal samples from two hundred (200) pigs on four different farms (labelled A, B, C, D) were processed using the Kinyoun modified Ziehl‐Neelsen method forCryptosporidiumand the Formol‐ether sedimentation method forAscarisand microscopically examined to identify parasites to the genus level.ResultsThe prevalence ofAscarisandCryptosporidiumin the pigs was 76% and 77%, respectively. The weaners had the highestAscarisprevalence (96.15%) with the piglets recording the least (59.25%). On the other hand, the piglets had the highest prevalence (88.89%) forCryptosporidiumwith the boars, sows and weaners recording 75.86%, 75.42% and 73.08% respectively. The prevalence ofAscariswas high in farm D (78.57%) whileCryptosporidiumwas highest in farm C (86.11%). Generally, there was a significant difference (p = 0.044) in the mean distribution ofCryptosporidiumin the pigs.ConclusionThe high burden ofAscarisandCryptosporidiuminfections in the pigs suggest the need to adopt and implement effective control measures.