bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A general framework for describing photofission observables of actinides at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV *
Authors: Wang Guan-Lin , Lan Hao-Yang , Shi Xiao-Ming , Zhu Zhi-Chao , Luo Wen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A reasonable prediction of photofission observables plays a paramount role in understanding the photofission process and guiding various photofission-induced applications, such as short-lived isotope production, nuclear waste disposal, and nuclear safeguards. However, the available experimental data for photofission observables are limited, and the existing models and programs have mainly been developed for neutron-induced fission processes. In this study, a general framework is proposed for characterizing the photofission observables of actinides, including the mass yield distributions (MYD) and isobaric charge distributions (ICD) of fission fragments and the multiplicity and energy distributions of prompt neutrons (np
) and prompt γ rays (γ

p
). The framework encompasses various systematic neutron models and empirical models considering the Bohr hypothesis and does not rely on the experimental data as input. These models are then validated individually against experimental data at an average excitation energy below 30 MeV, which shows the reliability and robustness of the general framework. Finally, we employ this framework to predict the characteristics of photofission fragments and the emissions of prompt particles for typical actinides including 232Th, 235, 238U and 240Pu. It is found that the 238U(γ, f) reaction is more suitable for producing neutron-rich nuclei compared to the 232Th(γ, f) reaction. In addition, the average multiplicity number of both np
and γ

p
increases with the average excitation energy.
Towards the next generation of CERN radiation monitoring front end ASICs
Authors: Mohanan S Kundumattathil , Boukabache H. , Perrin D. , Pfeiffer U. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Radiation monitoring using ionisation chambers spans a wide spectrum of radiation fields from environmental monitors to ambient dose monitors near particle accelerators. Hence the output generated by these sensors can vary from few femtoamperes to microamperes. They require specific front-end electronics that can accurately measure the generated current across a wide dynamic range. This work presents the design of an ASIC that can measure currents from −6 fA to −20 μA without any band switching. By employing two different current measurement methodologies — direct slope measurement method and charge balancing based current to frequency converter method, an accuracy of ±6% is achieved across the entire measurement range. The ASIC was fabricated in the 8 inch fab of TSMC 130 nm technology. The designed ASIC aims to replace the front end electronics of radiation monitors at CERN.
Mean square winding angle of Brownian motion around an impenetrable cylinder
Authors: Hannay J H , Wilkinson Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An exact formula is derived, as an integral, for the mean square value of the winding angle ϕ (with −∞< ϕ <∞) of Brownian motion (that is, diffusion) after time t, around an infinitely long impenetrable cylinder of radius a, having started at radius R(>a) from the axis. Strikingly, for the simpler problem with a = 0, the mean square winding angle around a straight line, is long known to be instantly infinite however far away the starting point lies. The fractally small, fast, random walk steps of mathematical Brownian motion allow unbounded windings around the zero thickness of the straight line. A remedy, if it is required, is to accord the line non-zero thickness, an impenetrable cylinder, as analysed here. The problem straightaway reduces to a 2D one of winding around a disc in a plane since the axial component of the 3D Brownian motion is independent of the others. After deriving the exact mean square winding angle, the integral is evaluated in the limit of a narrow cylinder a
2 ≪ R
2, highlighting the limits of short and long diffusion times addressed by previous approximate treatments.
Combination of genotype, plant spacing, and plant density for improving growth and yield of garlic national varieties
Authors: Aswani N , Karjadi A K , Efendi A M 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Indonesia has been the largest garlic importing country for decades since the productivities and qualities of national garlic varieties failed to meet domestic demand. Breeding garlic for higher yield conventionally is almost impracticable due to its flowering hinderance, meanwhile the biotechnological approach needs longer time to implement the result. Thus, the most feasible improvement might be done through agronomic aspects. This research was aimed to search for alternative ways in cultivation techniques to improve garlic production. The research was conducted from June 2020 until February 2021 on IVEGRI” s Margahayu experimental station, Lembang, West Java. A split-split plot design was laid out for the combination between genotype as the main plot, plant spacing as the subplot, and plant density (number of seed cloves planted on each planting hole) as the sub-sub plot. The results showed that among all characters observed, the significant interactions between these three factors occurred only in the number of stomata, and seed bulb diameter (4 months after harvested). Meanwhile, the significant interactions either between variety and plant spacing or variety and plant density were recorded in the percentage of the 1st week population, fresh weight per sample, weight after curing per sample, dry weight (4 months after harvested) per sample and weight loss per sample. Pseudo stem diameter was proved to be affected by the interaction only between variety and plant density significantly, meanwhile bulb diameter after curing was significantly affected either by variety or plant spacing. However, the height of dried bulb and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) showed highly significant differences only among the varieties.
Effectiveness and Compatibility of Bacillus and Trichoderma in Increasing Disease Tolerance of Garlic to Basal Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae
Authors: Poromarto SH , Putri H R , Widono S , Supyani  , Hadiwiyono  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The main obstacle to garlic cultivation is the attack of Fusarium oxypsorum f. sp. cepae (FOCe) causes basal rot. Bacillus and Trichoderma are popular antagonist microorganisms that can act as biological control agents (BCA). This paper would like to report on the effectiveness and compatibility of Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma sp. as a biological control of basal rot of garlic based on laboratory and Greenhouse tests. The results of in vitro studies show that Bacillus and Trichoderma are potential antagonist agents through antibiosis and even Trichoderma through competition. Meanwhile, in vivo, the two biological control agents were not effective in reducing wilting intensity but effective in reducing basal rot intensity and increasing disease tolerance. Increasing disease tolerance is showed by the yield that is higher significantly than those control with no BCA. Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma sp. have been shown to be incompatible BCA based on both in vitro and in vivo tests, which are indicated by the effectiveness of the combination application being less effective than alone.
Factors Influencing the Consumer Purchase Decision Process for Packaged Rice Products in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia: Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development
Authors: Al Rosyid A H , Pratiwi L F L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rice is a strategic commodity in the Yogyakarta Special Region because it is a staple food product. The Government of the Yogyakarta Special Region has committed to realizing food security by implementing the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) with the aim of ending hunger and increasing food access. Food security of a region is seen from availability, accessibility, security and sustainability. Purchasing decisions are influenced by external and internal factors that continue to change along with changing conditions so that safe and sustainable food supply is needed. The objective of this study is to determine the factors that influence the consumer purchasing decision process for packaged rice in the Yogyakarta Special Region. The method used to analyze the consumer purchasing decision process for packaged rice products in the Yogyakarta Special Region was likert scale assessment followed by factor analysis. The consumer purchasing decision process for packaged rice went through five stages, which were the introduction of needs, information collection, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decisions, and post-purchase. Based on the results of factor analysis, obtained four new factors which influence the decision to purchase packaged rice. The first factor is the service and accessibility factor. The second factor is the price factor and product attributes. The third factor is the internal factors of consumers and products. The fourth factor is the product promotion.
Integrating GIS and Remote Sensing for Land Suitability Evaluation for Rice in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Partoyo  , Lukito H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Land evaluation is necessary for planning the sustainable use of land resources and providing higher production for food crops. This study aims to apply geographic information system techniques and remote sensing to determine land suitability classes for sustainable rice production in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery was processed to obtain a map of the rice field and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The suitability class was determined using rice yield predictions based on the NDVI value. Validation using field check data and rice productivity statistics from the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of Sleman Regency. The resulting land suitability map is compared with the land suitability map based on soil series data. The results showed that the land suitability map corresponded to the land suitability map developed based on the soil series data. Integrating Sentinel2 images and GIS methods could potentially update the land suitability map quickly.
Healthy Soils for Productivity and Sustainable Development in Agriculture
Authors: Handayani I.P. , Hale C. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A healthy soil is considered a dynamic living system that is capable of providing multiple benefits to ecosystems such as sustaining plant and animal production and health, enhancing or maintaining water and air quality, controlling nutrient availability, accumulating soil carbon, supporting biodiversity, and reducing erosion. Soil health is the foundation of crop health and productivity, as well as sustainable agriculture. The knowledge of soil health connects agricultural legislation, stakeholder needs, and maintainable produce management. Today, the goals of sustainable agriculture not only focus on crop production based on nutrient management, but also overall health of humans and maintaining or enhancing environmental aspects, including climate change. However, soil health assessments are largely influenced by fertility status, despite a shift toward acknowledging the important role of a diverse soil microbiome, water and air quality, and climate change mitigation due to limited understanding of the ecological and biological processes and lack of effective techniques to measure. This review focused on soil functions and their benefits to the ecosystem by describing various indicators as a representation of physical, chemical, and biological properties. The concept of soil health and its applications in farming systems were presented using results and illustrations from various typical farm management systems. The connection between healthy soils, soil productivity, and sustainable soil management strategies provides evidence on the importance of a holistic approach for managing healthy soils through quantification of soil health indicators. In general, evaluating and monitoring soil health periodically is necessary to assess the productivity of agricultural land and to create new generations of soil health assessments that will offer better future opportunities for growers, scientists, and other stakeholders to precisely achieve the sustainable development goals.
Preparation and hydration mechanism of aluminum formate/aluminum sulfate based alkali-free composite accelerator for sprayed concrete
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Yongan , Zheng Fupeng , Mu Wei , Huang Tianjiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The high alkali content of alkaline accelerators has a negative influence on the late strength and durability of concrete. Further, their corrosive nature is harmful to the skin of construction personnel, posing safety concerns. Therefore, the development of alkali-free accelerators has gained interest, especially in shotcrete-based constructions. The production process of aluminum-sulfate-based alkali-free accelerators is simple and less exothermic, with no negative impact on the later strength of concrete, aspects that are widely recognized and very important in construction. However, their high sulfate content may have a significant impact on the durability of concrete; therefore, reducing the sulfate content plays an important role in enhancing the durability of concrete. In this study, an alkali-free liquid accelerator was synthesized by replacing aluminum sulfate with aluminum formate, which effectively reduced the sulfate content. Experiments were performed on concrete samples in which aluminum sulfate was replaced with aluminum formate at different levels. The results showed that the formate and 3CaO·Al2O3 (C3A) of the alkali-free liquid accelerator prepared from aluminum formate form calcium aluminate, similar to the ettringite phase. The formate promoted the dissolution of Ca3SiO5 (C3S), thus accelerating the hydration of concrete. Meanwhile, aluminum ions hydrolyzed by aluminum formate also participated in the reaction, resulting in the dual participation of cations and anions in hydration, leading to a synergistic effect with aluminum sulfate.
Lipschitz 𝑝-summing multilinear operators correspond to Lipschitz 𝑝-summing operators
Authors: Fernández-Unzueta Maite 
Published: April 2022

We give conditions that ensure that an operator satisfying a Piestch domination in a given setting also satisfies a Piestch domination in a different setting. From this we derive that a bounded multilinear operator

T
T

is Lipschitz

p
p

-summing if and only if the mapping

f
T

(

x
1

⊗
⋯
⊗

x
n

)
≔
T
(

x
1

,
…
,

x
n

)

f_T(x_1\otimes \cdots \otimes x_n)≔T(x_1,\ldots , x_n)

is Lipschitz

p
p

-summing. The results are based on the projective tensor norm. An example with the Hilbert tensor norm is provided to show that the statement may not hold when a reasonable cross-norm other than the projective tensor norm is considered.
Global analytic hypoellipticity and solvability of certain operators subject to group actions
Authors: Araújo Gabriel , Ferra Igor , Ragognette Luis 
Published: April 2022

On

T
×
G

T \times G

, where

T
T

is a compact real-analytic manifold and

G
G

is a compact Lie group, we consider differential operators

P
P

which are invariant by left translations on

G
G

and are elliptic in

T
T

. Under a mild technical condition, we prove that global hypoellipticity of

P
P

implies its global analytic-hypoellipticity (actually Gevrey of any order

s
≥
1

s \geq 1

). We also study the connection between the latter property and the notion of global analytic (resp. Gevrey) solvability, but in a much more general setup.
Dirichlet and Neumann problems for elliptic equations with singular drifts on Lipschitz domains
Authors: Kim Hyunseok , Kwon Hyunwoo 
Published: April 2022

We consider the Dirichlet and Neumann problems for second-order linear elliptic equations:
\[

−
△
u
+
div
⁡
(
u

b

)
=
f

and

−
△
v
−

b

⋅
∇
v
=
g

-\triangle u +\operatorname {div}(u\mathbf {b}) =f \quad \text { and }\quad -\triangle v -\mathbf {b} \cdot \nabla v =g

\]
in a bounded Lipschitz domain

Ω
\Omega

in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

(
n
≥
3
)

(n\geq 3)

, where

b

:
Ω
→

R

n

\mathbf {b}:\Omega \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^n

is a given vector field. Under the assumption that

b

∈

L

n

(
Ω

)
n

\mathbf {b} \in L^{n}(\Omega )^n

, we first establish existence and uniqueness of solutions in

L

α

p

(
Ω
)

L_{\alpha }^{p}(\Omega )

for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems. Here

L

α

p

(
Ω
)

L_{\alpha }^{p}(\Omega )

denotes the Sobolev space (or Bessel potential space) with the pair

(
α
,
p
)

(\alpha ,p)

satisfying certain conditions. These results extend the classical works of Jerison-Kenig [J. Funct. Anal. 130 (1995), pp. 161–219] and Fabes-Mendez-Mitrea [J. Funct. Anal. 159 (1998), pp. 323–368] for the Poisson equation. We also prove existence and uniqueness of solutions of the Dirichlet problem with boundary data in

L

2

(
∂
Ω
)

L^{2}(\partial \Omega )

. Our results for the Dirichlet problems hold even for the case

n
=
2

n=2

.
Heavy Metals in Breast Implant Capsules and Breast Tissue: Findings from the Systemic Symptoms in Women–Biospecimen Analysis Study: Part 2
Authors: Wixtrom Roger , Glicksman Caroline , Kadin Marshall , Lawrence Marisa , Haws Melinda , Ferenz Sarah , Sung James , McGuire Patricia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Breast Implant Illness (BII), as described in recent medical literature and by social media, describes a range of symptoms in patients with breast implants for which there are no physical findings or laboratory results that explain their symptoms.

Objectives
Part 2 of this study aims to determine whether heavy metals are present in the capsules around saline and silicone implants and if there are statistical differences in the type or level of these metals between women with or without symptoms. Demographic data was collected to investigate potential alternate sources of metals: inhaled, absorbed, or ingested.

Methods
A prospective, blinded study enrolled 150 consecutive subjects divided equally into in three cohorts: (A) women with systemic symptoms they attribute to their implants who requested implant removal, (B) women with breast implants requesting removal or exchange who do not have symptoms they attribute to their implants, and (C) women undergoing cosmetic mastopexy who have never had any implanted medical device. Capsule tissue was removed from Cohort A and B for analysis of 22 heavy metals. Additionally, breast tissue was obtained from a control group with no previous exposure to any implanted medical device.

Results
The study was performed between 2019-2021. Heavy metal content was compared between the capsule tissue from Cohort A and B. The only statistically significant differences identified in Cohort A were higher levels of arsenic and zinc, and lower levels of cobalt, manganese, silver, and tin. There were no elevated levels or statistically significant differences in the other metals tested between Cohorts A and B.

Conclusions
This study analyzes the metal content in capsules surrounding both saline and silicone breast implants. Heavy metals were also detected in the non-implant control group breast tissue, with some metals at numerically higher levels than either breast implant cohort. Smoking, gluten free diets, dietary supplements, and the presence of tattoos were all identified as statistically significant sources of arsenic and zinc in Cohort A. The risk of heavy metal toxicity should not be used as an indication for total capsulectomy if patients elect to remove their breast implants.

Level of Evidence: 3
Long-term follow-up of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for phaeochromocytoma
Authors: O’Dwyer Patrick J , Chew Cindy , Zino Samer , Serpell Michael G 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionPhaeochromocytomas are rare tumours with a recurrence after open surgery ranging between 6–23 per cent. Long-term follow-up studies after laparoscopic surgery for phaeochromocytoma are lacking. The aim of this study was to look at the long-term oncological outcome of a consecutive series of patients from a single centre undergoing laparoscopic surgery for a phaeochromocytoma.MethodsDemographic data on all patients with an adrenal tumour or paraganglioma were prospectively kept on a database between September 1999 and December 2017. Electronic hospital records, including imaging from a national linked archiving and communication system, were reviewed for patients with a phaeochromocytoma in November 2021.ResultsDuring the study interval 135 patients with a phaeochromocytoma were operated on in the unit, of which 118 (87.4 per cent) were attempted laparoscopically. Five (4.2 per cent) were converted to open surgery, whereas 117 had a potentially curative operation. There was no peri- or postoperative mortality. At a median follow-up of 10 (interquartile range 6–12.9) years, only 3 (2.6 per cent) patients died from metastatic phaeochromocytoma. One further patient developed lymph node metastases, which were removed at open surgery. No patient had a local recurrence and the only significant predictor of recurrence was the presence of lymph node metastases (P &lt; 0.001). Two patients developed a contralateral adrenal phaeochromocytoma, while one of these also had a paraganglioma. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of phaeochromocytoma-free survival was 96 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 92.2 to 98.8) at 5 years and 92 per cent (95 per cent c.i. 86.7 to 97.3) at 10 years.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that long-term oncological outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for patients with a phaeochromocytoma are at least as good as that with an open operation.
‘Covid-19 opened the pandora box’ of the creative city: creative and cultural workers against precarity in Milan
Authors: Tanghetti Jessica , Comunian Roberta , Dent Tamsyn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Creative and cultural workers (CCWs) concentrate in large cities due to the livelihood opportunities they facilitate. Synchronously, cities have experienced the highest rate of Covid-19 infections. Focusing on the case study of Milan, the paper explores the criticalities of the sector and the impact of the pandemic using qualitative interviews and digital ethnography. It highlights how C-19 has exacerbated the effects of neoliberalism on CCWs, illuminating their precarious working conditions but paradoxically providing time and focus for workers to collectively organise. This paper captures CCWs use of the city to make their precarious working conditions visible in response to the unsustainable demands of neoliberalism. It also engages with the need for re-futuring contemporary understanding of the creative city, questioning the value of agglomeration economies and creative city policies, especially if workers’ rights and livelihoods do not become central to the future local policy agenda.