bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subacute Spinal Subdural Hematoma in One-Year Old Boy Due to Severe Hemophilia A
Authors: Sareharto Tun Paksi , Jandraningrum Suciati , Kurniawati Vetty , Priambodo Agus , Putranti Alifiani Hikmah 
Published: January 2022

Background: Paraparesis may result from a variety of or primary central nervous system conditions or systemic disorders, and although rare, it may also caused by spinal cord hemorrhage. Spontaneous spinal subdural hematomas (SSDH) are most frequently associated with coagulopathies. People with congenital clotting disorders such as hemophilia are at increased risk for experiencing spontaneous spinal subdural hemorrhage at unusual sites, which is a rare case and a neurological emergency required urgent recognition. We report a boy with paraparesis caused by subacute SSDH due to hemophilia A. Case Presentation: A 15 month-old boy, with chief complain of difficulty in moving his leg and pain when walking, physical examination revealed a lower motor neuron lesion, laboratory showed a low factor VIII at 0.4% level, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed anterior and posterior displacement of the spinal cord due to the presence of the subacute subdural hematoma extending from 1st cervical to 1st lumbar spine. He assessed with inferior paraparesis caused by subacute spinal subdural hematoma due to hemophilia A. The patient’s condition was improved after received replacement therapy of factor VIII and proper laminectomy neurosurgery. Conclusion: This case showed an approach for a comprehensive diagnostic and management for a rare case of paraparesis due to hemophilia. Pay attention to the physical examination which shows a lower motor neuron lesion in an acute paralysis cases, there is still a possibility that it is an upper motor neuron lesion.
Optimization On Subcritical Fluid Extraction Of Zingiberene
Authors: Paramita Vita , Yulianto Mohamad Endy , Hartati Indah , Bahrudin Udin , Broto RTD Wisnu 
Published: January 2022

The establishment of subcritical fluid application for zingiberene extraction was studied by employing water as a green solvent. The zingiberene content was observed by using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrofotometry and regarding to the independent variable of temperature, extraction time, ginger-solvent ratio and aging time. By applying subcritical water, the critical value of zingiberene content obtained was 0.036%. This value was approached by the surface modeling of alpha for rotatability design which performed at 125  C, 20 min of extraction time, 0.08 of ginger to solvent ratio and 9 min of aging time of extraction parameters. The surface modeling was validated by plotting the observed and predicted value of zingiberene content and evidenced by the value of R-square at 0.76.
Failure Analysis at Stem Valve Fire Hydrant in LNG Plant
Authors: MRIHARDJONO JULI , POHAN HERMAN ABIDIN , DARMANTO SENO 
Published: January 2022

Hydrant is one of fire extinguisher fix system that use pressure water and flowed through the pipes and fire hose. There are more 250 Hydrant in this LNG Plant and based on finding at the field, many stem valve of outlet hydrant in fracture condition, therefore the author wants to analyze about the problem from this material, this reserch aims to find out root cause dan conduct failure analysis, method of reserch that conducted is visual check to predict possible cause from failure of stem valve fire hydrant and then conducted fractographic analysis to find out what type of fracture that happen to this material and Tensile Strenght Test to Find out the the actual strenght of the material
The Chicken or the Egg? Aristotle on Speusippus’ Reasons to Deny the Principle is (the) Good
Authors: De Cesaris Giulia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInMetaphysicsΛ7 1072b30–1073a3, Aristotle introduces a Speusippean theory according to which ‘what is most beautiful and best is noten archēi’. Through a detailed analysis of the passage, I argue that Aristotle’s refutation of Speusippus’ thesis is favoured by the introduction of the seed example, which conflates both ontological and temporal priority. The elements gathered from the analysis of Aristotle’s polemical strategy will support a broader conclusion: Speusippus’ reason not to characterise his principle(s) as (the) good is related to the problematic relationship Forms and sensibles had within Plato’s account, or, in other words, participation.
A partial order on transformation semigroups with restricted range that preserve double direction equivalence
Authors: Sangkhanan Kritsada 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Let

T

(

X

)

T\left(X)

be the full transformation semigroup on a set

X

X

. For an equivalence

E

E

on

X

X

, let

T

E

∗

(

X

)

=

{

α
∈
T

(

X

)

:

∀

x
,
y
∈
X
,

(

x
,
y

)

∈
E
⇔

(

x
α
,
y
α

)

∈
E

}

.

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)=\left\{\alpha \in T\left(X):\forall x,y\in X,\left(x,y)\in E\iff \left(x\alpha ,y\alpha )\in E\right\}.

For each nonempty subset

Y

Y

of

X

X

, we denote the restriction of

E

E

to

Y

Y

by

E

Y

{E}_{Y}

. Let

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

be the intersection of the semigroup

T

E

∗

(

X

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)

with the semigroup of all transformations with restricted range

Y

Y

under the condition that

∣
X

/
E
∣
=
∣
Y

/

E

Y

∣

| X\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}E| =| Y\hspace{-0.16em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}{E}_{Y}|

. Equivalently,

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

=

{

α
∈

T

E

∗

(

X

)

:
X
α
⊆
Y

}

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)=\left\{\alpha \in {T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X):X\alpha \subseteq Y\right\}

, where

∣
X

/

E
∣
=
∣
Y

/

E

Y

∣

| X\hspace{-0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}E| =| Y\hspace{-0.16em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.1em}{E}_{Y}|

. Then

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

is a subsemigroup of

T

E

∗

(

X

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X)

. In this paper, we characterize the natural partial order on

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

. Then we find the elements which are compatible and describe the maximal and minimal elements. We also prove that every element of

T

E

∗

(

X
,
Y

)

{T}_{{E}^{\ast }}\left(X,Y)

lies between maximal and minimal elements. Finally, the existence of an upper cover and a lower cover is investigated.
Metformin maintains intrahepatic triglyceride content through increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis
Authors: Green Charlotte J , Marjot Thomas , Walsby-Tickle John , Charlton Catriona , Cornfield Thomas , Westcott Felix , Pinnick Katherine E , Moolla Ahmad , Hazlehurst Jonathan M , McCullagh James , Tomlinson Jeremy W , Hodson Leanne 
Published: January 2022

Objective
Metformin is a first-line pharmacotherapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, a condition closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although metformin promotes weight loss and improves insulin sensitivity, its effect on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of metformin on IHTG, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in vivo in humans.

Design and methods
Metabolic investigations, using stable-isotope tracers, were performed in ten insulin-resistant, overweight/obese human participants with NAFLD who were treatment naïve before and after 12 weeks of metformin treatment. The effect of metformin on markers of s.c. adipose tissue FA metabolism and function, along with the plasma metabolome, was investigated.

Results
Twelve weeks of treatment with metformin resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and improved insulin sensitivity, but IHTG content and FA oxidation remained unchanged. Metformin treatment was associated with a significant decrease in VLDL-triglyceride (TG) concentrations and a significant increase in the relative contribution of DNL-derived FAs to VLDL-TG. There were subtle and relatively few changes in s.c. adipose tissue FA metabolism and the plasma metabolome with metformin treatment.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the mechanisms of action of metformin whereby it improves insulin sensitivity and promotes weight loss, without improvement in IHTG; these observations are partly explained through increased hepatic DNL and a lack of change in FA oxidation.
Evaluating the use of a two-step age-based cutoff for the UICC/AJCC TNM staging system in patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer
Authors: van Velsen Evert F S , Peeters Robin P , Stegenga Merel T , Mäder Uwe , Reiners Christoph , van Kemenade F J , van Ginhoven Tessa M , Visser W Edward , Verburg Frederik Anton 
Published: January 2022

Background
The joint Union International Contre le Cancer and American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) involves a single age cutoff as a prognostic criterion. Because a single cutoff is a dichotomization of what might be a sliding scale, using multiple age cutoffs might result into a better stage definition. The aim of our study was to investigate if using a two-step age-based cutoff would improve the TNM staging system regarding disease-specific survival (DSS).

Methods
We retrospectively studied two cohorts of adult DTC patients from The Netherlands and Germany. DSS was analyzed for papillary (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) separately, investigating several two-step age-based cutoffs for those with distant metastases; below lower threshold classified as stage I, between lower and upper threshold as stage II, and above upper threshold as stage IV.

Results
We included 3074 DTC patients (77% PTC). For PTC, an age cutoff of 45 with 50 years had the best statistical model performance, while this was 25 with 40 years for FTC. However, differences with the optimal single age cutoffs of 50 years for PTC and 40 years for FTC were small.

Conclusions
The optimal two-step age-based cutoff to predict DSS is 45 with 50 years for PTC and 25 with 40 years for FTC, rather than 55 years currently used for DTC. Although these two-step age-based cutoffs were marginally better from a statistical point of view, from a clinical point of view, the recently defined optimal single age cutoffs of 50 years for PTC and 40 years for FTC might be preferable.
Development of an embryo transfer model to study uterine contributions to pregnancy in vivo in mice
Authors: Griffiths Meaghan J , Alesi Lauren R , Winship Amy L , Hutt Karla J 
Published: January 2022

Graphical abstract
A mouse model to study uterine specific contributions to pregnancy.
Maternal environmental exposures can exert impacts on the ability of the uterus to sustain healthy pregnancy. To establish an in vivo model to study this, we designed an ovariectomized mouse embryo transfer model. The rationale being future studies could expose recipient female mice to variables such as altered diet, drug, temperature, air, or activity exposure among others to define their impacts on the uterine contribution to pregnancy. Ovariectomy ensures the extent of the variable is limited to exploring outcomes on uterine but not ovarian function. Embryo transfer from healthy, unexposed donor mice guarantees that any impacts of the variable are attributed to the maternal uterine but not the embryonic state. Pregnancy outcomes including pregnancy success (number of implantation sites) and viability (number of viable vs resorbing implantation sites) can be investigated. Numerous functional outcomes can be assessed, including developmental competence encompassing decidual, placental, fetal, and vascular morphology and/or function (e.g. measured using Doppler ultrasound, comparisons of fetal growth, or molecular or histological characterization of the decidua, placenta, and fetal tissues).

Lay summary
Many pregnancy complications occur because of problems in the womb (uterus), specifically the womb lining. There is a close relationship between the hormone function of the ovaries and the uterus and distinguishing between the way they both impact pregnancy success is difficult in existing studies using animals. Here, we developed a new animal model to utilize in addressing these gaps in our understanding of pregnancy.
Efecto de tres tratamientos sobre la filancia del semen y su relación con la calidad espermática en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Ramírez R. Andrés A. , Palomino-Guerrera Walter , Contreras Mijaíl , Olaguivel Cesar 
Published: January 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la colagenasa, pipeteo e incubación para disminuir la filancia del semen y su relación con la calidad espermática en alpacas para su criopreservación. Las muestras de semen se obtuvieron por vagina artificial de machos de 4-7 años en el Laboratorio de Biotecnología Reproductiva de la Estación Experimental Agraria Canaán del INIA (Ayacucho, Perú). Se evaluó las características macroscópicas (volumen, pH y filancia) y microscópicas (motilidad, concentración y vitalidad) del semen. Cada muestra se distribuyó en tres alícuotas y diluida con dilutor comercial AndroMed® en proporción de 1:1 a 37 °C y distribuidas en tratamientos: T1=Colagenasa al 5%; T2=Pipeteo 10 veces y T3=Incubación a 37 °C durante 10 min. Las características microscópicas se evaluaron a los 0, 20, 40, 60 y 120 min pos-dilución. La filancia disminuyó significativamente de 0.95, 0.89 y 0.91 cm a 0.26, 0.27 y 0.33 cm a los 120 min pos-dilución para T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente (p<0.05), pero sin diferencias entre tratamientos. La motilidad espermática y la vitalidad no fueron afectadas por los tiempos pos-dilución, pero la motilidad disminuyó significativamente (p<0.05) luego de la dilución del semen. Se concluye que el uso de colagenasa, pipeteo e incubación disminuyeron la filancia del semen de alpaca pos-dilución, afectando la motilidad y vitalidad espermática.
Condiciones de la fauna silvestre de tráfico ilegal en un centro de rescate en la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador
Authors: Richards Romina , Emén María Fernanda , Rugel G. Octavio 
Published: January 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las especies afectadas por el tráfico ilegal de fauna silvestre receptadas en un centro de rescate en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Para ello se recopilaron los registros del 2018 al 2020, de los que se obtuvieron datos de procedencia de rescate, presencia de lesiones y gravedad de las mismas, y el porcentaje de mortalidad. Adicionalmente, con la identificación del ejemplar, se categorizó según la especie, y su situación de acuerdo a la lista roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN (Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza) y los libros rojos del Ecuador. Fueron registradas un total de 743 animales de diferentes especies, siendo el estadío juvenil el más frecuente. Estos animales fueron receptados por decomiso y entregas voluntarias. Durante este período se presentó un 10% de mortalidad, siendo los mamíferos los que presentaron dicha tasa más elevada. De acuerdo a la UICN, la mayoría de los ejemplares están en la categoría de Preocupación menor, y según los libros rojos del Ecuador, las aves y mamíferos estuvieron situadas en los de Preocupación menor y los reptiles se registraron Vulnerables en mayor proporción.
Cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate after percutaneous coronary intervention in the prediction of inhospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Protasov K. V. , Donirova O. S. , Batunova E. V. 
Published: January 2022

Aim. To assess the significance of changes cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys) in predicting inhospital mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Material and methods. In 133 patients with STEMI, serum creatinine and cystatin C were determined. Creatinine clearance (CrCl) was estimated according to Cockcroft-Gault equation. Creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) was assessed using the MDRD (eGFRcr_MDRD) and CKD-EPI 2009 (eGFRcr_CKD-EPI). In addition, eGFRcys and a combination of serum creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) was assessed using the CKD-EPI 2012 equation at admission and 24-48 hours after PCI. In the groups of deceased patients and survivors, the studied parameters were compared. Their relationship with imhospital mortality was assessed by logistic regression adjusted for acute kidney injury (AKI) and GRACE risk. To assess the informativeness of identified independent predictors, an ROC analysis was performed.Results. After PCI, serum creatinine level increased by 9,8%, cystatin C — by 38,2%. CrCl decreased by 9,0%, eGFRcr_MDRD — by 10,2%, eGFRcr_CKD-EPI — by 5,2%, eGFRcys — by 29,5%, eGFRcr-cys — by 19,3%. AKI was diagnosed in 21 people (15,8%). Among the deceased patients (n=12), compared with the survivors, serum creatinine level was higher at baseline and after PCI, cystatin C — after PCI, eGFR of any calculation method was lower, while AKI developed more often. According to multivariate regression analysis, the eGFRcr-cys after PCI and the GRACE risk score were independent predictors of the endpoint. The area under the ROC curve for eGFRcr-cys after PCI was 0,835 [0,712-0,958], while the cut-off point was 38 ml/min/1,73 m2, below which the odds ratio of developing a fatal outcome was 22,2 with a 95% confidence interval of 5,7- 86,8.Conclusion. Estimated GFR determined 24-48 h after PCI based on the combination of serum creatinine and cystatin C using the CKD-EPI 2012 equation was an independent predictor of inhospital mortality in STEMI. The cut-off point of this parameter was 38 ml/min/1,73 m2, below which the death risk increases significantly. The results indicate the viability of introducing novel methods for assessing renal function based on cystatin C to improve the quality of prediction in STEMI.
Predictive role of quantification of myocardial fibrosis using delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Golukhova E Z , Aleksandrova S A , Berdibekov B Sh 
Published: January 2022

Aim. The present study aims to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prognostic role of assessing the severity of myocardial fibrosis using delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathies.Material and methods. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar for studies that examined the predictive value of quantifying late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) areas in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Unadjusted hazard ratios (HR) from studies with similar scoring criteria were pooled for meta-analysis.Results. Nine studies were retrieved from 782 publications for this systematic review and meta-analysis. In total, 2389 patients (mean age, 51,9 years; mean follow-up, 39,3 months) were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis showed the extent of LGE was associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic end point (HR: 1,09/1% LGE; 95% CI: 1,02-1,18; p=0,01), major adverse cardiovascular events (HR: 1,07/1% LGE; 95% CI: 1,01-1,13; p=0,03) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1,09/1% LGE; 95% CI: 1,04-1,13; p<0,0001).Conclusion. The severity of LGE by cardiac magnetic resonance predicts arrhythmic events (ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death), major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Assessment of LGE can be used as an effective tool for stratifying risk in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.
The invisible victim in criminal policy
Authors: Kainulainen Heini , Honkatukia Päivi , Niemi Johanna 
Published: January 2022

The ideology behind the Finnish criminal policy is described as humane and rational. In line with this policy, efforts are made to reduce the use of the criminal justice system to solve societal problems. One of the internationally celebrated landmarks of this policy is the success in keeping the imprisonment rate at a low level.
In this article we argue, that while this policy has been sensitive towards the needs of the offenders, it has failed to recognize the needs of victims, especially the vulnerabilities related to the victimisation of violence and sexual violence. International critical analyses on the appraisal of the victim rights have raised fears among the criminal policy planners in Finland and prevented analytical discussion. Furthermore, the reluctance to involve the victim perspective in the criminal political discussions is based on mistaken ideas of what the victims really want. In the article, we will consider how to strengthen the position of the victim without making the criminal policy more punitive in general.
‘Love is in the Air’ Exploring recruitment into prostitution by abuse of a position of vulnerability as human trafficking
Authors: Johansson Märta C. 
Published: January 2022

The crime of human trafficking is intended to encompass activities such as recruitment by abusing a position of vulnerability for the purpose of sexual exploitation. Recruiting a young person into prostitution by ‘lover boy’ tactics can thus fall within the definition of human trafficking, a conviction that carries with it severe penalties. Several countries have seen a number of such convictions, including domestic cases not involv ing cross-border trafficking. Though there are Swedish convictions for recruitment into prostitution through abuse of emotional bonds in cross-border cases, a review of Swedish judgments shows that recruitment through such abuse in national cases is generally prosecuted as procuring (prostitution) – not as human trafficking.Since 2004, there have been only three Swedish prosecutions, and no convictions, for domestic human trafficking. The article argues that recruitment into prostitution by abuse of emotional bonds qualifies as abuse of a position of vulnerability – one of the elements of the crime of human trafficking. Thus, it is possible – even an international obligation – to prosecute national cases where there is recruitment into prostitution by abuse of emotional bonds as domestic trafficking. Prosecuting as human traffickingwould be in line with what the drafters of the 2000 global human trafficking treaty intended: to encompass all the subtle means by which persons are recruited for the purpose of exploitation. This should also apply to nationals.