bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of orographic precipitation on coevolving landforms and vegetation in semi‐arid ecosystems
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Yetemen Omer , Saco Patricia M. , Rodriguez Jose F. , Kumari Nikul , Chun Kwok P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTopography affects the intensity and spatial distribution of precipitation due to orographic lifting mechanisms and, in turn, influences the prevailing climate and vegetation distribution. Previous modelling studies on the impact of orographic precipitation on landform evolution have considered bare soil conditions. However, research on the effect of changes in precipitation regimes induced by elevation gradients (particularly in aspect‐controlled semi‐arid ecosystems) on landform patterns, trying to understand feedbacks and consequences for coevolving vegetation, has been limited. In this study, the Channel–Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development (CHILD) landscape evolution model coupled with the vegetation dynamics Bucket Grassland Model (BGM) is used to analyse the coevolution of semi‐arid landform–vegetation ecosystems. The CHILD+BGM model is run under different combinations of precipitation and solar radiation settings. Three precipitation settings, including uniform, elevation control, and orographic control on precipitation, are considered in combination with spatially uniform and spatially varied radiation settings. Based on the results, elevation control, aspect, and drainage network are identified as the major drivers of the distribution of vegetation cover on the landscapes. Further, the combination of orographic precipitation and spatially varied solar radiation created the highest asymmetry in the landscape and divide migration due to the emergence of gentler slopes on the windward than the leeward sides of the domain. The modelling outcomes from this study indicate that aspect control of solar radiation in combination with orographic precipitation plays a key role in the generation of topographic asymmetry in semi‐arid ecosystems.
An alternative way of SARS‐COV‐2 to induce cell stress and elevated DNA damage risk in cardiomyocytes without direct infection
Authors: Zhou Houqing , Ren Xiaohu , Yang Yang , Xu Benhong , Li Yichong , Feng Yin , Shisong Fang , Liu Jianjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) in 2020 has led to millions of deaths worldwide. Case reports suggested that infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 is potentially associated with occurrences of cardiovascular pathology. However, the mode of action and mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 influencing cardiomyocytes still remain largely unclear.Aims: To explore the mechanisms underlying cardiomyocytes damage induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Materials & Methods: the serum markers of cardiovascular injury were analyzed by ELISA. The isolated SARS‐CoV‐2 virus were co‐cultured with human cardiomyocytes (AC16) and immunofluorescence assay was used evaluate the invasion of virus. Moreover, serum obtained from acute stage of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients and healthy controls were used to incubate with AC16 cells, then indicators associated with cell stress and DNA damage were analyzed by Western‐blot.Results: we found that high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), an indicator of cardiovascular disease, was higher in the acute stage of COVID‐19. Additionally, in vitro coculture of SARS‐CoV‐2 and AC16 cells showed almost no infectious ability of SARS‐CoV‐2 to directly infect AC16 cells. Results of serum treatment suggested that serum from infected subjects induced cell stress (upregulation of p53 and HSP70) and elevation of DNA damage risk (increased γH2Ax and H3K79me2) in AC16.Discussion: our observations indicated a hard way for SARS‐CoV‐2 to infect cardiomyocytes directly. However, infection‐induced immune storm in serum could bring stress and elevated DNA damage risks to cardiovascular system.Conclusion: These findings indicated the possibilities of SARS‐CoV‐2 inducing stress and elevating DNA damage risk to cardiomyocytes without direct infection.
The latent period of coronavirus disease 2019 with SARS‐CoV‐2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant of concern in the postvaccination era
Authors: Ma Tao , Ding Songning , Huang Rui , Wang Hengxue , Wang Junjun , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Jian , Li Jie , Wu Chao , Fan Huafeng , Zhou Nan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have resulted in new challenges for epidemic prevention and control worldwide. However, little is known about the latent period of coronavirus disease by the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant of concern (VOC) in the postvaccination era.MethodsThe epidemiology and clinical data of cases with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta VOC infection were retrospective collected. Dates of the first positive PCR test were collected to estimate the distribution of latent period.ResultsOf the 40 patients, 16 were male (40%). The median age of patients was 47.5 years. The median latent period of patients was 6.0 days (interquartile range [IQR], 4.0−9.0 days) and the longest latent period was 13.0 days after exposure. The latent periods were longer in male patients compared to female patients (median, 8.5 days vs. 5.0 days, p = .041). The median latent period was comparable among fully vaccinated cases (6.5 days), no vaccinated cases (7.5 days), and partially vaccinated cases (5.5 days).ConclusionsThe median latent period of SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta VOC infection was 6.0 days. The latent period between vaccinated and non‐vaccinated patients was not significantly different. The 14‐day quarantine program is sufficient to prevent the transmission of COVID‐19 by Delta VOC in the postvaccination era.
Tracking the binding of multi‐functional fluorescent tags for Alzheimer's disease using quantitative multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Iyer Rishyashring R. , Renteria Carlos A. , Yang Lingxiao , Sorrells Janet E. , Park Jaena , Sun Liang , Yu Zhengxin , Huang Yiran , Marjanovic Marina , Mirica Liviu M. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA recent theranostic approach to address Alzheimer's disease (AD) utilizes multifunctional targets that both tag and negate the toxicity of AD biomarkers. These compounds, which emit fluorescence with both an activation and a spectral shift in the presence of Aβ, were previously characterized with traditional fluorescence imaging for binary characterization. However, these multifunctional compounds have broad and dynamic emission spectra that are dependent on factors such as the local environment, presence of Aβ deposits, etc. Since quantitative multiphoton microscopy is sensitive to the binding dynamics of molecules, we characterized the performance of two such compounds, LS‐4 and ZY‐12‐OMe, using Simultaneous Label‐free Autofluorescence Multi‐harmonic (SLAM) microscopy and Fast Optical Coherence, Autofluorescence Lifetime imaging and Second harmonic generation (FOCALS) microscopy. This study shows that the combination of quantitative multiphoton imaging with multifunctional tags for AD offers new insights into the interaction of these tags with AD biomarkers and the theranostic mechanisms.
Infigratinib Reduces Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) and Increases Blood Phosphate in Tumor‐Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Hartley Iris R. , Roszko Kelly L. , Li Xiaobai , Pozo Karen , Streit Jamie , del Rivero Jaydira , Magone M. Teresa , Smith Michaele R. , Vold Roo , Dambkowski Carl L. , Collins Michael T. , Gafni Rachel I. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTTumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by ectopic production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors (PMTs). Acting on renal tubule cells, excess FGF23 decreases phosphate reabsorption and 1,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D (1,25D) production, leading to hypophosphatemia, impaired bone mineralization, pain, and fractures. Fibronectin 1‐fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FN1‐FGFR1) gene fusions have been identified as possible drivers in up to 40% of resected PMTs. Based on the presumptive role of FGFR1 signaling by chimeric FN1‐FGFR1 proteins, the effectiveness of infigratinib, a FGFR1‐3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was studied in an open‐label, single‐center, phase 2 trial. The primary endpoint was persistent normalization of blood phosphate and FGF23 after discontinuation. Four adults with TIO (two nonlocalized, two nonresectable PMTs) were treated with daily infigratinib for up to 24 weeks. All patients had a favorable biochemical response that included reduction in intact FGF23, and normalization of blood phosphate and 1,25D. However, these effects disappeared after drug discontinuation with biochemistries returning to baseline; no patients entered biochemical remission. In the two patients with identifiable tumors, 68Gallium (68Ga)‐DOTATATE and 18Fluoride (18F)‐Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT scans showed a decrease in PMT activity without change in tumor size. Patients experienced mild to moderate, treatment‐related, dose‐limiting adverse events (AEs), but no serious AEs. Three patients had dose interruptions due to AEs; one patient continued on a low dose for the entire 24 weeks and one patient stopped therapy at 17 weeks due to an AE. The study closed early due to a failure to meet the primary endpoint and a higher‐than‐expected incidence of ocular AEs. Infigratinib treatment lowered FGF23, increased blood phosphate, and suppressed PMT activity, confirming the role of FGFR signaling in PMT pathogenesis. However, treatment‐related AEs at efficacy doses and disease persistence on discontinuation support restricting the use of infigratinib to patients with life‐limiting metastatic PMTs. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Client‐rated facilitators and barriers to long‐term youth anxiety disorder recovery
Authors: Casline Elizabeth P. , Ogle Robert R. , Peris Tara S. , Kendall Philip C. , Piacentini John , Compton Scott N. , Keeton Courtney , Ginsburg Golda S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined client ratings of 26 facilitators and barriers to anxiety improvement approximately 6 years after randomization to treatment for anxiety.Method319 youth (average 17.12 years old; 82.1% Caucasian; 58.6% female) participated in the longitudinal follow‐up study to child and adolescent anxiety multimodal study (CAMS), a randomized controlled trial of medication, cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT), combination, and placebo.ResultsCorrecting for multiple comparisons, CBT components (i.e., problem solving, changing unhelpful thoughts, relaxation skills) were rated significantly more helpful among youth without, versus with, an anxiety disorder at follow‐up. Barriers that differentiated youth with and without an anxiety disorder included being bullied and difficulty applying therapy content to new situations. Comparisons between youth with different anxiety disorder trajectories (e.g., stable remission, relapsed, or chronically ill) also revealed several differences.ConclusionFindings suggest that client‐rated facilitators and barriers covary with anxiety disorder recovery and may serve as useful tools when evaluating long‐term treatment efficacy.
A phasor‐based approach to improve optical sectioning in any confocal microscope with a tunable pinhole
Authors: D'Amico Morgana , Di Franco Elisabetta , Cerutti Elena , Barresi Vincenza , Condorelli Daniele , Diaspro Alberto , Lanzanò Luca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConfocal fluorescence microscopy is a well‐established imaging technique capable of generating thin optical sections of biological specimens. Optical sectioning in confocal microscopy is mainly determined by the size of the pinhole, a small aperture placed in front of a point detector. In principle, imaging with a closed pinhole provides the highest degree of optical sectioning. In practice, the dramatic reduction of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) at smaller pinhole sizes makes challenging the use of pinhole sizes significantly smaller than 1 Airy Unit (AU). Here, we introduce a simple method to “virtually” perform confocal imaging at smaller pinhole sizes without the dramatic reduction of SNR. The method is based on the sequential acquisition of multiple confocal images acquired at different pinhole aperture sizes and image processing based on a phasor analysis. The implementation is conceptually similar to separation of photons by lifetime tuning (SPLIT), a technique that exploits the phasor analysis to achieve super‐resolution, and for this reason we call this method SPLIT‐pinhole (SPLIT‐PIN). We show with simulated data that the SPLIT‐PIN image can provide improved optical sectioning (i.e., virtually smaller pinhole size) but better SNR with respect to an image obtained with closed pinhole. For instance, two images acquired at 2 and 1 AU can be combined to obtain a SPLIT‐PIN image with a virtual pinhole size of 0.2 AU but with better SNR. As an example of application to biological imaging, we show that SPLIT‐PIN improves confocal imaging of the apical membrane in an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium.Research HighlightsWe describe a method to boost the optical sectioning power of any confocal microscope. The method is based on the sequential acquisition of multiple confocal images acquired at different pinhole aperture sizes. The resulting image series is analyzed using the phasor‐based separation of photons by lifetime tuning (SPLIT) algorithm. The SPLIT‐pinhole (SPLIT‐PIN) method produces images with improved optical sectioning but preserved SNR. This is the first time that the phasor analysis and SPLIT algorithms are used to exploit the spatial information encoded in a tunable pinhole size and to improve optical sectioning of the confocal microscope.
The modified computed tomography severity index combined with low skeletal muscle mass can better predict the severity of hypertriglyceridemia‐induced pancreatitis
Authors: Xu Liuhui , Yu Huajun , Chen Lifang , Xia Weizhi , Shi Liuzhi , Yang Yunjun , Huang Yingbao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundBody composition parameters are associated with hypertriglyceridemia‐induced pancreatitis (HTGP). This study investigated the association between the quantity of muscle assessed using computed tomography (CT) and the severity of HTGP.MethodsThe modified CT severity index (MCTSI) was calculated from admission examination data. Patients’ characteristics and body composition parameters were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed. The receiver operating characteristic curves and corresponding area under the curves (AUC) were calculated to test the efficiency of the model. A nomogram was then constructed.ResultsOf the 175 included patients, 138 were male, of which 85 had moderately severe to severe HTGP. Patients with low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) and high MCTSI were significantly more likely to have moderately severe to severe HTGP. Patients with LSMM had lower body mass index, lower HDL‐C level, higher amylase level, prevalence of surgery, shorter umbilical waist circumference, and longer length of hospital stay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses confirmed that female sex, lipase, total cholesterol, LSMM‐MCTSI (P = .004, odds ratio = 23.105), and albumin were risk factors. The TOTAL model that combined LSMM‐MCTSI and clinical risk parameters performed best (AUCs = 0.875), followed by other models (LSMM‐MCTSI: AUCs = 0.762, MCTSI: AUCs = 0.728). The Delong test revealed significant difference. Finally, a nomogram was developed to predict the severity of HTGP.ConclusionThe performance of MCTSI in predicting severity can be improved by considering LSMM, which is a promising strategy for the treatment of HTGP.
Extreme rainless periods in Pannonian Basin
Authors: Srdjevic Bojan , Srdjevic Zorica , Benka Pavel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper analyses extreme meteorological droughts in the territory of the Pannonian Basin in central and southeastern Europe. Droughts are treated from an agricultural perspective as periods of consecutive days with very little or no rainfall at all. By using data from the historical period 1981–2010, time intervals longer than 20 days with less than 3 mm per day during the growing season April–September are examined to determine theoretical and empirical distributions of their number and durations. Related discrete stochastic process of extremes is analysed by the Zelenhasic–Todorovic (ZT) method, successfully applied in hydrology and meteorology (e.g., peak flows, low flows, meteorological droughts, etc.). The method is applied to 52 locations across Pannonia Basin. At each location, the Poisson distribution is determined for the number of droughts, exponential distribution for the duration of droughts, and double exponential distribution for the duration of the (annually) longest droughts. To validate the quality of modelling and the results obtained, standard statistical goodness of fit tests are used. Historical data from the period 1981–2010 indicate that the central and northern part of Hungary and the entire territory of Vojvodina Province in the north of Serbia experienced the longest droughts, on average 55–60 days. In statistical terms, across Pannonia Basin once in 100 years drought may occur with an average duration of 56 days. Theoretically longest 100‐year droughts could be expected in the northern part of Hungary (up to 70 days), the eastern part of Romania (up to 68 days), and Serbia (up to 69 days). The 2‐year droughts are on the average duration of 3 weeks. Generated maps of the longest droughts in the basin may help to reduce agricultural risks due to global warming and other negative impacts of climate change.
The emergence of prolonged deadly humid heatwaves
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Sheng , He Lei , Ma Xiao‐Hu , Bie Qiang , Luo Lin , Xiong You‐Cai , Ye Jian‐Sheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDeadly humid heat conditions exceeding human thermoregulatory capacity have been reported; however, whether and where the deadly humid heat events occur consecutively across the land surface are largely unknown. We calculate the maximum consecutive days of deadly humid heat, defined as daily maximum wet‐bulb temperature (TWmax) ≥35°C, for observations of 9,278 meteorological stations and for simulations of 14 global climate models. We further define short and long deadly humid heatwaves as a period of 3–4 and ≥5 consecutive days with daily TWmax ≥35°C, respectively. Our analyses show that six stations in some subtropical regions have experienced deadly humid heat with daily TWmax ≥35°C, but only occurs in individual days. Deadly humid heatwaves increase exponentially as the global mean temperature rising. When limiting global warming within 1.5°C, long deadly humid heatwaves will not occur across the land surface, and short deadly humid heatwaves will only emerge in some drylands but not in humid areas. Under 2°C warming, 0.09% of the global land, 0.42% of the human population, and 0.56% of the global centres of crop diversity are projected to be exposed to long deadly humid heatwaves. Meanwhile, 18% of the deadly humid heatwaves lasting ≥3 consecutive days will occur in humid areas; the fractions are projected to rapidly increase in humid areas as temperature rising further. At the end of the century, the percentage of land areas and human population exposed to deadly humid heatwaves lasting ≥3 consecutive days are expected to be 76‐times higher than that under 1.5°C warming level. Our finding suggests that keeping global warming within 1.5°C will significantly constrain the emergence of prolonged deadly humid heatwaves and thus reduce the risk of the human population especially outdoor agricultural workers.
Dynamic Creativity: A Person × Task × Situation Interaction Framework
Authors: Tromp Catrinel , Sternberg Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTExisting theories and frameworks generally have regarded creativity as inhering in a person, a task, a situation, or a combination of 2 of these 3 elements. After reviewing these approaches, and frameworks that are based on the interaction of more than 2 components, we propose a Person × Task × Situation synergistic paradigm, according to which creativity is dynamic and can be fully understood only as an interaction of all 3 of the elements. Building on the strengths of existing frameworks, our P × T × S proposal highlights: (a) the need to include the other 2 elements as moderators, regardless of which element is the central or starting point of the analysis, (b) the idea that the extent to which each element influences the others and the degree of overlap among elements can vary, and (c) the dynamic aspect of creativity, associated with changes in different persons across the lifespan, for different creative tasks, and for different situations. In addition to contributing an integrative theoretical account, this framework has significant, pragmatic implications for both the assessment and the development of creativity. We end with a call for both researchers and practitioners who test for or teach for creativity to specify the range of persons, tasks, and situations to which their assessments or training generalize.
Nutrient profile and effect of processing methods on the composition and functional properties of lentils (Lens culinaris Medik): A review
Authors: Dhull Sanju Bala , Kinabo Joyce , Uebersax Mark A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrain legumes or pulses, including lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), have gained increasing popularity among consumers and food processors in recent years. This trend has been driven by the consumers opting for plant‐based proteins and environmentally sustainable food sources. Global production of lentils has more than doubled since 2001 (from 3.15 to 6.58 million metric tons in 2020), which signifies the commercial importance of this nutrient‐dense legume. As per the USDA's nutrients data (2022), lentil contains 24.6% protein, 63.4% carbohydrates, 2.7% ash content, and 1.1% total fat. High amount of dietary fiber, slowly digestible starch and potassium, and low sodium in lentil align well with consumer choices for healthy foods. Many studies have reported on the health benefits of consuming lentils, especially being effective in reducing various health conditions, such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. The relatively higher protein and lower carbohydrates content of lentil compared with cereal grains can help in expanding the utilization of lentils and lentil‐based ingredients to develop new products. Combined with high dietary fiber, resistant starch, and bioactive polyphenolic content, the demonstrated nutritional benefits can fill the ever‐increasing demand for plant‐based proteins well beyond traditional consumption of lentils in developing countries. This article reviews the composition and nutrient profile of raw and processed lentils, effect of various processing methods on composition and nutrient profile, and health benefits of lentils.