bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Stomata and Epicuticular Wax on Oranges as Related to Stem End Rind Breakdown and Water Loss1
Authors: Albrigo L. Gene 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Upon microscopic examination, no stomata were found within 3 mm of the button in an area typically immune to stem end rind breakdown. Stomata outlined the oil glands 7 to 10 mm from the button in peel susceptible to this disorder. Heavy deposits of epicuticular wax were also found in the area void of stomata. Total epicuticular wax was inversely correlated to postharvest wt loss of ‘Valencia’ oranges (r2 = 0.94). A 1-min petroleum ether extraction of soft wax components increased wt loss 66% over washed-only fruit and resulted in etched patterns in the wax platelets suggesting that the soft and hard waxes are not uniformly mixed. A 1-min wax extraction with CCL4 : hexane (1 : 1 v/v) removed 85.6% of the surface wax and increased wt loss to 3 times that of the washed-only fruit over 24- and 48-hr time periods.
Ethylene-Induced Carotenoid Accumulation in Citrus Fruit Rinds1
Authors: Young Roger , Jahn Otto 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Citrus trees were sprayed with ethephon when the fruit were mature but still green or partially degreened. Harvested fruit that were mature and partially or fully degreened were held in an atmosphere containing 10 ppm ethylene for 5 to 9 days. One preharvest ethephon spray hastened carotenoid accumulation in rinds of green ‘Nova’ tangerines, partially degreened ‘Robinson’ and ‘Dancy’ tangerines, and fully degreened ‘Robinson’ tangerines, but was not effective on green ‘Bearss’ lemons and partially degreened ‘Hamlin’ oranges. Effective concn varied between 50 and 500 ppm and with the cultivar evaluated. Two 500-ppm ethephon sprays, applied 2 weeks apart, hastened carotenoid accumulation in rinds of partially degreened ‘Hamlin’ oranges and ‘Robinson’ tangerines. Postharvest-ethylene treatment induced carotenoid accumulation in rinds of partially degreened ‘Bearss’ lemons and ‘Lee’ and ‘Dancy’ tangerines and degreened ‘Robinson’ and ‘Dancy’ tangerines. Tangerines showed greater ethylene-induced increases in rind carotenoids than did ‘Hamlin’ oranges and ‘Bearss’ lemons. Fruit which had higher rind carotenoid contents as a result of ethylene or ethephon application had better visible external color.
Chlormequat Drench and Spray Applications to Poinsettias1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Vines H. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Chlormequat (Cycocel, CCC) sprays and drench reduced plant height of poinsettias. Sprays of 5000 ppm were most effective with 25% reduction after 32 days followed by 3000 ppm - 18%, 1000 ppm - 17%, and 5000 ppm drench 12%. Appearance as indicated by chlorophyll analyses and chlorosis ratings was most seriously affected by sprays of 5000 ppm followed by 3000 ppm. The spray application of 1000 ppm and drench of 5000 ppm showed no deleterious effect to appearance. High fertilizer rates stimulated chlorophyll regeneration following spray applications of chlormequat partially overcoming the induced chlorosis. Nitrogen and K in leaf tissue increased in all treatments as fertilizer of that mixture was increased but P decreased.
Interaction of Gibberellin and SADH on Growth and Sex Expression of Muskmelon1
Authors: Rudich J. , Halevy A. H. , Kedar N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The interaction of the gibberellins GA3 and GA4+7 with SADH on growth and sex expression was tested on andromonoecious muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Ananas PMR). SADH effectively reduced internode length and increased female tendency of plants. GA4+7 had an opposite effect on both growth and sex expression. GA3 was much less effective in both respects. The growth regulators were mutually antagonistic when plants were treated with both GA and SADH. The endogenous level of gibberellin decreased in SADH-treated plants 2 and 7 days after treatment. Gibberellin content reached the level of untreated plants 2 weeks after treatment, some time before the growth retarding effect of SADH treatment disappeared. These results indicate that the effect of its effect on the endogenous levels of gibberellin.
Anthocyanins of Ripe Fruit of a “Pink-Fruited” Hybrid of Highbush Blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L.1
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Maness Eleanor P. , Galletta G. J. , Kushman L. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A pink (whitish)-fruited blueberry seedling that appeared in a hybrid highbush blueberry progeny in North Carolina is described. The major anthocyanins (Acy) detected in this seedling were arabinosides and galactosides of delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin. The pink seedling had the same 15 possible combinations of 5 aglycones and 3 sugars previously reported for the normally blue-fruited cv. Croatan, but in smaller quantities. Total Acy contents of the pink seedling and 9 siblings ranged from 2.5 (pink fruit) to 49 (blue fruit) mg/10-g fruit. Acy content among the different clones was independent of berry pH, acidity (Ac), soluble solids (SS), or SS/Ac ratio. One hundred and seventy-five seedlings in this same progeny were scored for maximum berry color development. The results suggest that Acy expression is dependent on 1 or 2 major genes and that Acy content may be quantitatively inherited. For cultivars whose fruits are normally blue, the commercial use of blue fruit color as the major criterion of marketability (ripeness) may not be valid since color development is not necessarily related to berry ripeness and quality.
Leaf Mineral Composition, of 5 Citrus Cultivars Grown on Sour Orange and Rough Lemon Rootstocks1
Authors: Sharples G. C. , Hilgeman R. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaves from ‘Washington’ navel and ‘Valencia’ oranges, ‘Dancy’ and ‘Kinnow’ mandarins and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit were analyzed for 5 years. Significant differences between cultivars were found for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Fe levels but not for Zn, Cu and Mn. Concentrations of the potentially toxic elements, Na, Cl, B, and Li, were significantly different at low non-toxic levels. Lowest values occurred in oranges and highest in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin and ‘Marsh’ grapefruit. Compared with rough lemon, sour orange rootstock decreased N in ‘Valencia’, increased K in ‘Kinnow’ and increased Ca and decreased Mn, Na, B and Li in all cultivars. There were wide annual variations in N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu levels in all cultivars.
An Analysis of Illocutionary Acts in Beauty Product Advertisements in Television Broadcast
Authors: Saputri Nurul Intan , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin , Alek Alek , Eviyuliwati Ismalianing 
Published: August 2022

<p><em>Nowadays, advertising is no stranger to the wider community. We can commonly find advertisements through several media such as television, radio, magazines, billboards, and even YouTube. The present study attempts to investigate the type of illocutionary acts used in beauty product advertisement utterances in television broadcasts. The significance is to enrich the literature on speech acts used by advertisers, especially illocutionary acts in beauty products. This research's main data were several advertisements utterances of beauty products, such as shampoo advertisements, cosmetic advertisements, facial wash advertisements, and other related beauty advertisement products. Further, the data were described by a descriptive study. In addition, data were gathered by downloading the advertisement from YouTube and taking note the conversation to analyse the utterances used in the advertisements. Furthermore, the data were analysed based on context advertisement utterances in the form of conversations on television broadcast and classified the utterances using the theory proposed by Searle about types of illocutionary act. There are five types of illocutionary by Searle: declarative, representative, expressive, directive, and commissive. Above all, the findings showed that the assertive function dominates in beauty advertisements and commissive is the type rarely used in beauty product advertisements.</em><em></em></p>
Expanding Arsenal against Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Quercetin
Based Nanoformulations: Breakthroughs and Bottlenecks
Authors: Vishwas Sukriti , Kumar Rajesh , Khursheed Rubiya , Ramanunny Arya Kadukkattil , Kumar Rajan , Awasthi Ankit , Corrie Leander , Porwal Omji , Arshad Mohammed F. , Alshammari Mohammed Kanan , Alghitran Abdulrahman A. , Qumayri Ashwaq N. , Alkhaldi Saif M. , Alshammari Abdulaziz Khalaf , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Gaurav , Collet Trudi , Adams Jon , Dua Kamal , Gulati Monica , Singh Sachin Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Quercetin (Qu), a dietary flavonoid, is obtained from many fruits and vegetables such as
coriander, broccoli, capers, asparagus, onion, figs, radish leaves, cranberry, walnuts, and citrus
fruits. It has proven its role as a nutraceutical owing to numerous pharmacological effects against
various diseases in preclinical studies. Despite these facts, Qu and its nanoparticles are less explored
in clinical research as a nutraceutical. The present review covers various neuroprotective actions of
Qu against various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s,
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A literature search was conducted to systematically review
the various mechanistic pathways through which Qu elicits its neuroprotective actions and the challenges
associated with raw Qu that compromise therapeutic efficacy. The nanoformulations developed
to enhance Qu’s therapeutic efficacy are also covered. Various ongoing/completed clinical trials
related to Qu in treating various diseases, including NDs, are also tabulated. Despite these many
successes, the exploration of research on Qu-loaded nanoformulations is limited mostly to preclinical
studies, probably due to poor drug loading and stability of the formulation, time-consuming
steps involved in the formulation, and their poor scale-up capacity. Hence, future efforts are required
in this area to reach Qu nanoformulations to the clinical level.
Comparison of MRI and CT Scan for the Detection of Liver Cancer
Authors: Li Yuhui , Liu Yuangao , Chen Changxiong , Liu Longjin 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
To compare the value of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the liver.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on 132 cases of suspected primary liver carcinoma. CT and MRI diagnosis were performed and pathological results were compared to determine the diagnostic value of the two methods.

Results:
96 cases were diagnosed as primary liver carcinoma by pathological examination after operation. The total detection rate of 96 lesions through MRI was 93.75%, while 84.38% through CT (P<0.05). For lesions with a ＜3 cm diameter, the CT detection rates of lesions in the plain, arterial, portal, and equilibrium phases were 52.94%, 73.53%, 58.82%, and 58.82% respectively. For lesions with a diameter ≥ 3 cm, the CT detection rate was 80.65 %, 93.55%, 85.48%, 83.87% (P<0.05). For lesions with <3cm diameter, the MRI detection rates of lesions in the T1WI, T2WI, LAVA arterial phase, LAVA portal phase, and LAVA balance phase were 61.76%, 76.47%, 88.24%, 79.41% and 52.94% respectively, and for lesions with ≥3cm diameter. The detection rates of MRI were 77.42%, 87.10%, 91.94%, 90.32%, and 90.32%, and the detection rate of lesions with ≥3cm diameter in the balance phase of LAVA was higher (P<0.05). Taking pathological results as the gold standard, the sensitivity of diagnosing primary liver carcinoma through CT is 81.25%, specificity is 75.00%, accuracy is 79.55%, positive predictive value is 89.66%, negative predictive value is 60.00%, and the MRI is 93.75. %, 86.11%, 91.67%, 94.74% and 83.78% respectively.

Conclusion:
Both CT and MRI have diagnostic value for primary liver carcinoma. Comparison showed that MRI has a higher diagnostic value and higher detection rate for small lesions. However, the actual process of diagnosis can’t rely solely on MRI, and comprehensive combination of diagnosis methods will be effectual.
Experiências de implantação de classe hospitalar no Brasil
Authors: Figueiredo Karine de Alcântara , Valente Tânia Cristina de Oliveira 
Published: August 2022

Compreende-se a classe hospitalar como um direito adquirido por crianças e adolescentes que se encontram em tratamento contínuo ou internados em ambientes hospitalares que os têm colocado em condição desassistida pelas escolas. A partir do pressuposto que o suporte pedagógico hospitalar é de suma importância, coube ao presente trabalho de pesquisa analisar as experiências em classes hospitalares publicados entre 2007 e 2014, identificando as principais dificuldades destes serviços, através de uma revisão integrativa. Apenas 6 artigos foram incluídos na revisão, indicando o escasso debate sobre o tema. O estudo chama a necessidade de se ampliar o debate sobre o tema, através da descrição de experiências semelhantes, auxiliando a transformação da atual situação deste serviço no país.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação, Classe Hospitalar, Relatos de Experiência.
The possible responsiveness of FDI to electric power consumption at different income levels
Authors: Sigo Wondimu Tekle 
Published: August 2022

Modern energy in the form of electricity is vital for economic activities such as getting clean water, and healthcare, getting stable and effective lighting, heating, and cooking. However, in developing countries, there is a huge shortage of electricity and big gaps in access, while access to electricity in developed countries almost reached a hundred percent. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to show the possible responsiveness of FDI to electric power consumption at different income-level. Hence, this study aims to address questions, including how is the relationship between economic activities such as FDI and electricity consumption at different income-level. For motivating the research, 131 countries' data have been collected from WDI and US-EIA from 1992 to 2016 and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The cross-country regression result shows that there exists an inverse-U shaped relationship between EPC and FDI net inflow because most high-income countries have a high level of EPC and therefore EPC becomes less important for them to attract FDI. But when we separate the total sample into two, EPC can significantly increase net FDI inflow for middle & low-income countries because for these countries, especially for low-income countries, sufficient electricity supply is important for FDI inflow.
INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL IMPACT ON THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF THE CITY
Authors: МАЗАЕВ Г. В. 
Published: August 2022

Статья рассматривает вопрос связи между сменяющимися технологическими укладами и планировочными структурами промышленных городов России и, в частности, Урала. Дано понятие технологического уклада, периодизация, краткая качественная характеристика укладов. Показано их влияние на планировочную структуру городов.
The article examines the connection between the changing technological structure and the planning structures of the industrial cities of Russia and the Urals. The concept of the technological structure, their periodization, and a brief qualitative description are given. The influence of technological structures on the planning structure of cities is shown.
NUMERICAL STUDIES OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF SHORT PILE FOUNDATIONS
Authors: ЕСИПОВ А.В. , БАРАНЯК А.И. , ДЮРЯГИНА А.В. 
Published: August 2022

В данной статье изучается напряженно-деформированное состояние коротких свайных фундаментов под сосредоточенной нагрузкой. Исследовано распределение внутренних усилий и перемещений в балоч- ной конструкции ростверка, а также осадки и реакции свай при учете нелинейного поведения опор. Численные эксперименты выполнялись в программном комплексе ING+ для ростверков различной жесткости и различного типа опор.
This article explores the stress-strain state of short pile foundations under concentrated load. The work investigated the distribution of the internal forces and displacements of the beam structure of the grillage, as well as precipitation and reaction piles, taking into account the nonlinear behavior supports. Numerical experiments were performed in the software package ING+ for raft foundations of different hardness and different types of supports.
CAN WE REMOVE THE «SIBERIAN BURDEN» OF THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM?
Authors: Мазаев Антон Григорьевич 
Published: August 2022

В статье на основании анализа научных работ, посвященных реализации различных сценариев развития системы расселения Сибири, дается качественная оценка сценариев. Формулируется основное противоречие освоения сибирского пространства, рассматривается возможность и способ его преодоления в градостроительной практике. Предложена программа по ликвидации состояния, когда функционирование и дальнейшее развитие сибирского расселения оценивается как «бремя», которое ложится на данный макрорегион, а также на всю Национальную систему расселения Российской Федерации.
In the article, based on the analysis of scientific works on implementation various scenarios for the development of the Siberian settlement system, a qualitative assessment of these scenarios is given. The main contradiction of the development of the Siberian space is formulated, the possibility and the way to overcome it in urban planning practice is considered. A program was proposed to eliminate the state when the functioning and further development of Siberian settlement is estimated as a «burden» that falls on this macro-region, as well as on the entire National Settlement System of the Russian Federation.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES TO REDUCE NOISE IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPED IN THE DESIGN
Authors: Петрянина Любовь Николаевна 
Published: August 2022

Изучена проблема снижения шума в городской среде. Приведены данные статистических исследований по негативному воздействию шума и показатели его снижения. Показаны приемы и методы по шумозащите зданий и территорий для их эффективного использования на разных стадиях проектирования. Рассмотрены варианты архитектурно-планировочных структур жилых территорий с целью снижения иных затрат на шумозащиту, принцип территориального зонирования примагистральной и межмагистральной застройки, применение шумозащитных зданий и конструкций, формирование озеленения. Предложены шумозащитные мероприятия, разрабатываемые при проектировании.
The problem of noise reduction in the urban environment is studied. The data of statistical studies on the negative effects of noise and indicators of its reduction. The techniques and methods of noise protection of buildings and territories for their effective use at different stages of design are shown. The variants of architectural and planning structures of residential areas in order to reduce other costs of noise protection, the principle of territorial zoning of the main and inter-main buildings, the use of noise-protective buildings and structures, the formation of landscaping. Proposed noise protection measures developed in the design.
THE INFLUENCE OF STEEL PERMANENT FORMWORK ON THE BASIS OF THE EXPANDED METAL CORRUGATED MESH ON THE STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY OF MONOLITHIC REINFORCED CONCRETE PIERS WITH BIAS
Authors: Гасиев Азамат Абдуллахович , Хасаулов Юсуп Михайлович , Хасаулов Назир Русланович , Кабло Мохамад , Бакир Халед 
Published: August 2022

В работе приведены сведения об актуальности использования стальной несъемной опалубки на основе просечно-вытяжной гофрированной сетки в монолитном строительстве. Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований образцов железобетонных стен, возведенных при помощи системы стальной несъемной опалубки на основе ПВГС, дана оценка прочностных и деформативных характеристик образцов, картин трещинообразования и характер их разрушения при испытаниях на перекос в своей плоскости. Данные исследования свидетельствуют о существенном увеличении прочности и деформативности монолитных стен за счет включения в работу элементов рассматриваемой опалубки, что может внести существенный вклад в повышение сейсмостойкости.
The paper presents information on the relevance of the use of steel permanent formwork on the basis of expanded corrugated mesh in monolithic construction. The results of experimental studies of samples of reinforced concrete walls, erected with the help of steel permanent formwork system based on EMCM, the assessment of the strength and deformation characteristics of the samples, fracture patterns and the nature of their destruction during tests for skewing in its plane. These studies show a significant increase in the strength and deformability of monolithic walls due to the inclusion in the work of the elements of the formwork, which can make a significant contribution to increasing seismic resistance.
THE CONCEPT OF «RETENTION CITIES» FOR PERIPHERAL REGIONS OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors: Мазаев Антон Григорьевич 
Published: August 2022

В статье приводится концепция «городов удержания» как особой категории городов, имеющих уникальное экономико-географическое и геополитическое положение в системе расселения. Дано определение «городов удержания», показаны основные признаки отнесения города к данной категории. Рассмотрен имеющийся иностранный опыт по выделению особых городов, развитие которых поддерживается государством. Показаны особенности программы создания «городов развития», проводящейся в Израиле. Приведены черты сходства и различия этой категории городов с предлагаемыми «городами удержания». По авторской методике анализа «поля расселения» проведен анализ реализации программы «городов развития». Предложена классификация«городов удержания» в современных условиях Сибири по признаку выполнения этими городами функций в системе расселения. Приведены примеры российских «городов удержания». Работа выполнена по плану ФНИ на 2020 г. при поддержке РААСН и Минстроя России в соответствии с Государственной программой Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 гг. Программой фундаментальных научных исследований государственных академий наук на 2013-2020 гг.
The article presents the concept of «retention cities» as a special category of cities with a unique economic, geographical and geopolitical position in the settlement system. A definition of «retention cities» is given, the main signs of classifying the city as a given category are shown. The existing foreign experience on the allocation of special cities whose development is supported by the state is considered. The features of the program of creating «development cities», conducted in Israel, are shown. The similarities and differences of this category of cities with the proposed «retention cities» are given. According to the author’s method of analyzing the «resettlement field», an analysis of the implementation of the program of «development cities» is carried out. The classification of «retention cities» in the modern conditions of Siberia is proposed. on the basis of the performance by these cities of functions in the settlement system. Examples of Russian«retention cities» are given.
EURYTHMIA OF THE ORDER
Authors: Долгов Александр Владимирович 
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматриваются вопросы эвритмии форм архитектурных ордеров, приводится формула алгебраической зависимости между линейными размерами основных частей ордера. Дается графическое изображение ордерной зависимости, названное автором эвритмической кривой, а также ее вариант для симметричных осевых форм. На примере тосканского ордера показана практическая применимость теоретических положений статьи. Работа выполнена по плану ФНИ на 2020 г. при поддержке РААСН и Минстроя России в соответствии с Государственной программой Российской Федерации «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2013-2020 гг. Программой фундаментальных научных исследований государственных академий наук на 2013-2020 гг.
The article deals with the issues of eurythmia of architectural order forms, and provides a formula for the algebraic dependence between the linear dimensions of the main parts of the order. A graphical representation of the order dependence, named by the author of the eurythmic curve, is given, as well as its variant for symmetric axial forms. The practical applicability of the theoretical provisions of the article is shown on the example of the Tuscan warrant.