bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acaricide Evaluation Experiment II, 1990
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Cheves Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a 0.6 acre block of 11-yr-old 'Topred' trees on MM106, which measured 14 ft in height and 10 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 14 × 14 ft. The experimental design consisted of 4 single-tree plots in a randomized block design, with each replicate surrounded by at least one unsprayed tree on each side. Acaricides were applied to runoff on 19 Jun and 17 Jul with a handgun attached to a Durand-Wayland 100 LTS sprayer operated at 100 psi. Each tree received approximately 1.5 gal of spray (ca. 333 gal/acre). Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Agristrep, Benlate, Captan, Dimethoate, Dithane Z-78, Guthion, Lannate, Lorsban, Nova, Oil, Penncap-M, Polyram, Rubigan, Sevin, Solubor, Topsin-M, and Zineb. European red mite control was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting active stages with a binocular microscope. The effect of treatments on S. punctum was determined by counting adults and larvae observed in 3 min counts around the periphery of test trees.
Control of Diamondback Moth and Cabbage Looper on Cabbage with Bacillus Thumng1Ensis and in Combination with Permethrin, 1990
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , Eigenbrode S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 13 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-in plant spacing. To insure an adequate population of insects, 3 plants/plot were inoculated with 100 DBM eggs from our 1988 Geneva lab colony and three different plants inoculated with 50 CL eggs from our 1989 Geneva lab colony. Larvae were allowed to reach second instar before treating. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles/row with HC 12 hollow cone tips and delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Inoculations were made on 9 Aug. Treatments were applied on 15 Aug and evaluated 22 Aug (DBM) and 23 Aug (CL). Evaluations were made by selecting the three inoculated plants per plot, removing all leaves, and counting the number of live larvae.
Control of Diamondback Moth with Mvp Bioinsecticides Compared to Standard Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. , Eigenbrode S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 21 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. A back pack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles/row with HC 12 hollow cone tips and delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. To insure an adequate population of DBM, three plants in each plot were infested on 26 Jul with 100 eggs/plant from our 1988 Geneva lab culture. Once larvae reached the second instar, treatments were applied on 2 Aug and evaluated on 9 Aug. Evaluations were made by selecting the three inoculated plants per plot, removing all leaves, and counting the number of live larvae.
Control of Lepidopterous Larvae on Cabbage, Summer, 1990
Authors: Winters S. , Cartwright B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Express' cabbage was transplanted 12 inches apart in single rows on 12 Jun into sandy loam soil at the Wes Watkins AREC, Lane, Okla. Plots were 20 ft long with 3 ft spacing between rows and were separated by an unplanted row. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Fertilizer was applied at recommended levels and irrigation was achieved through a trickle system. The initial insecticide application was made at the 8-10 leaf stage on 29 Jun using a COa-powered backpack sprayer which delivered 23 gal/acre. Insecticide efficacy was determined by sampling for CL and DBM on ten randomly selected plants per plot. Samples were taken at 4 DAT, 7 DAT and 11 DAT. The second insecticide application was made on 11 Jul at the 12-15 leaf stage. Samples were taken as before at 2 DAT and 7 DAT.
Chemical Trials and Effects on Arthropods in Celery, 1989
Authors: Carson W. G. , Nakakihara H. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted in a sandy loam soil on 11 Aug at the University of California's South Coast Field Station. The plants were sprinkler irrigated for 3 wk and drip irrigated (water pH 7.2-7.5) thereafter. Experimental plots were 3 beds wide (2 rows/bed on 40-inch centers) by 50 ft and separated by a 5 ft buffer with 4 replicates of each treatment in randomized complete block design. Weekly application dates included 22, 28 Sep, 5, 12, 19, 26 Oct and 3, 10, 16 Nov. All chemicals were applied by a tractor-mounted boom sprayer operated at 100 psi. As plant height and foliage density increased, nozzles varied from 2—4 per row and carrier (H20) increased from 50 gal/ac (22 Sep) to 100 gal/ac (28 Sep on). Disc-type cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice discs, #23 or #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments received spreadersticker. Antifoam (No-Foam) was used with all treatments. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 5'/2 × 11 inch trays/replicate when the plants reached a suitable height. Acutal sampling dates were 27 Sep, 4, 11, 18, 25 Oct and 1, 9, 15 Nov. The number of dead adult parasites of Liriomyza species were recorded in the same manner and on the same dates listed for pupal counts. Evaluation of Lepidoptera populations was based on number of damaged plants found in 25 plants/replicate (100/treatment) from the center two rows of each replicate at harvest (20 Nov). Beet armyworm and black cutworm damage were recorded separately.
Lepidopterous Larvae Control on Collards, 1989
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were transplanted near Greenville, N.C., using a row spacing of 1.07 m. Single row plots, 6.1 m long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 1.5 m were used between replicates. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using a single hollow cone nozzle (18 x). Application rate was 122.5 liter/ha delivered at 60 psi, and Triton B-1956 spreader-sticker was used with all treatments. Applications were made 24 and 30 Aug, 7, 13, and 21 Sep. Visual estimates of foliar damage and insect counts on 5 plants were made 30 Aug, 7, 13, 21 and 28 Sep.
Microbial and Insecticidal Control of Late-Season Insect Pests of Minnesota Sweet Corn, 1990
Authors: Hutchison William D. , Bartels David W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at Rosemount in corn planted 14 Jun. Two-row plots, 30 ft long, and separated by one skip-row and 4 ft borders at the end of each plot, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. A backpack CO2 sprayer with one flat-fan (LF-3) nozzle/row, delivering 27 gal/acre at 40 psi, was used to treat the ear zone of each row. First fresh silks were observed 15 Aug and treatments were applied 22, 29 Aug and 5 Sep. Plots were artificially infested with about 20 neonate ECB larvae/plant on 27 Aug. A very heavy natural infestation of CEW also developed. All plots were evaluated 10 Sep by randomly selecting 25 ears/plot (100/treatment), husking the ears and recording total ECB and CEW larvae, larval size and location of feeding damage.
Control of the Corn Lepidoptera by Liquid Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Sheltori A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted on 21 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, N.Y. The planting consisted of a RCB design with four replicates of seven treatments and one control. Plots consisted of six 30-ft rows of sweet corn on 3-ft centers with 9-inch plant spacing. Blocks were separated by 20 ft. Treatments consisted of three applications of each insecticide for naturally occurring Lepidoptera. Foliar sprays were applied by a John Blue Highboy delivering 51 gal/acre at 50 psi and 2 mph, with five nozzles per row (two on each side, one from the top) using flat fan nozzles with 110015 tips. Insecticides were applied on 8, 15 and 23 Aug. On 12 Sep, 25 ears from the four middle rows of each plot were evaluated for ear injury.
Control of Aphids on Cucumbers, 1990
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Steinegger D. H. , Kalisch J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was carried out on plots at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Cucumbers were planted 11 Jun, 8 inches apart in rows on 40 inch centers. Treatments were applied on 21 Aug to 4 × 5 ft plots with a Solo backpack handpump sprayer. Insecticides were sprayed to runoff (ca. 2 pts finished spray per plot). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Field conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 82°F; relative humidity, 78%; soil temperature (4-inch depth), 86°F; soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 2.3%; soil pH, 6.9; water pH, 7.3; soil moisture was near field capacity. No rain fell during the posttreatment period. Product efficacy was evaluated 3 DAT (24 Aug) by randomly selecting and excising 6 similar-sized cucumber leaves from each plot. Leaves were returned to the laboratory and placed in Berelese funnels. Extracted aphids (nymphs and adults) were counted after 48 hr.
Control in Lettuce, 1990
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Merit' lettuce was direct seeded into double row beds (12 inch spacing between rows) on 22 Aug and later thinned to 8 inches apart within rows on 12 Sep. Each plot consisted of two 25-ft long beds spaced 40 inches apart and bordered on, each side by an untreated bed. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. Application dates were 26 Sep and 11 Oct. Foliar treatments were applied in distilled water using a CO2-powered sprayer equipped with a 48 inch boom and 2 TX-8 nozzles/bed. Operating pressure was 60 psi delivering 20 gal/acre. Spreader-sticker (X-77) was included in all treatments at 0.25%. C. tenuis populations were evaluated by randomly examining 15 lettuce plants per plot for adults and nymphs on 26 and 29 Sep, and 3, 14, and 18 Oct.
Onion Maggot Control, 1990
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plot was planted 27 Apr in muck soil near Prattsburg, N.Y. on Franjo Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Germination and damage data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments of insecticides were applied using a hand-pushed cone seeder which planted 9 seeds/ft and delivered 75 gal/acre through a gravity-fed system. Insecticide treatments were based on a 15 inch row width. Dithane M-45 (80 WP) was applied in the furrow at 2.4 lb (AI)/acre for control of onion smut (Urocystis cepulae) with each treatment. Stand counts were taken 30 May. Maggot damage was assessed by checking each row for wilted plants ca twice/wk from the time of stand counts until 5 Jul.
Control of WFT on Onions, 1989
Authors: Sparks A. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small plot field study was conducted in a commercial onion field near Mission, Texas, to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against thrips. Plots measured 80 inches (2 double row beds on 40 inch centers) by 25 ft. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used. Treatments were applied on 10 Mar with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (2 10 X hollow cone nozzles per row; 40 psi; 57 gal/acre). Thrips population density was determined by sampling 5 randomly selected plants from the center 2 rows of each plot. The leaves of the selected plants were cut off at the top of the onion bulb and all thrips present on the leaves (or in the neck) were counted. Pretreatment counts were taken randomly across plots.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota, 1990
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 16 May at the University of Minnesota Northwest Experimental Station, Crookston. Plots at Grafton, North Dakota were in a commercial production field. Experimental plots were 25 ft long with 40-inch row spacing. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Insecticidal sprays were applied 3 Jul, with a CO2-powered handsprayer delivering 100 gal of water/ acre. CPB populations were moderately high. Posttreatment counts were done 48 h after spraying. Evaluations consisted of direct counts of total CPB larvae on 20 whole plants.
Evaluation of a Biological and a Botanical Insecticide for Colorado Potato Beetle Control, Rosemount, 1990
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. , Vaadeland John R. , Watland Andrew E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Natural product insecticides used in this experiment were B. thuringiensis var. tenebrionis (BK-102) and azadirachtin (RH 0000 and RH 9999) from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. Es-fenvalerate (Asana XL) was used as a conventional insecticide. Certified B-size seed potatoes were planted 23 May at the Plant Pathology Farm, Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Minnesota. Plots were 1 row wide, 7.6 m (25 ft) long, with 102 cm (40 in) spacing between rows and 30 cm (12 in) between plants. A completely randomized plot design with 4 replications was used. Potatoes were scouted daily for CPB egg masses beginning 18 Jul. When egg masses were found these were flagged and checked daily for hatch. Timing of first spray application was based on egg hatch. Two basic spray schedules were used: first application at 30% hatch of flagged egg masses and subsequent applications on a 7 d schedule, or first application at 30% hatch of all eggs (unflagged) laid on or before that sampling date and subsequent applications on a 7 d schedule. Plots were sprayed 1-4 times for second generation of CPB larvae. Spray dates were: 20 Jul (30% hatch of flagged eggs—2nd generation), 25 Jul (30% total hatch—2nd generation), 27 Jul, 1, 3, 8, 10 and 15 Aug. Insecticidal sprays were applied in 935 liters water/ha with a CO2-powered handsprayer. CPB larvae were counted on 20 whole plants per plot on 1, 8, 15, and 22 Aug. Two way analysis of variance was used to test for differences in CPB densities.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1990
Authors: Sewell Gary H. , Storch Richard H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aphid-A and Aphid-B experiments were randomized complete block designs with four and six replicates respectively and were conducted at Presque Isle, ME on land that was in clover in 1989. The planting dates were 17 May and 29 May. The 3.0 m space between blocks and the 1.8 m space between the four-row polts were sown to oats on 29 Jun in the Aphid-B experiment and were left fallow in the Aphid-A experiment. All rows were planted with an assisted-feed planter 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long and the healthy whole Katahdin seed (ca. 75 g) were 30 cm apart. Fertilizer and cultivation practices were normal for the area. Late blight was controlled by 5 foliar applications of Manex 4 L (2338 ml/ha on 27 Jul; 2806 ml/ha on 3, 9, 16, and 23 Aug). Sidedress and furrow applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, three nozzles per row at 6.3 kg/cm2 pressure and 0.94 kl/ha. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the middle rows of each plot. When dates of count and application were the same, aphid counts were made prior to applications of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated on untransformed data in the Aphid-A experiment and following transformation of the data using log10(x + 1) for the Aphid-B experiment. Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using DMRT. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Total monthly rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 7.3, 10.2, 14.8 cm. The average temperature for each of the same 3 mo was 17.6, 19.5 and 19.7 deg C.
Control on Late Season Sweet Corn with Foliar Sprays, 1990
Authors: Bowman James S. , Barry Donald W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Honeymoon' sweet corn was hand-planted in rows on 36 inch centers at the University of New Hampshire Kingman Farm, Madbury, NH on 29 Jun. Each plot consisted of a single 30-ft row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. When the plants reached the 10% silking stage, silk spray applications of 15 insecticide treatments were initiated using a R & D CO2-pressurized (40 psi) single nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 28.8 gal/acre. The sprays were directed toward the silk zone on each side of the plant on 20, 24, 27, and 30 Aug. Evaluations were made at harvest time on 6 Sep by examining 25 ears from each replicate for the presence of larvae or larval feeding injury.
Insecticidal and Microbial Control of Late-Season Insect Pests of Minnesota Sweet Corn, 1991
Authors: Hutchinson W. D. , Bartels D. W. , Rinkleff J. H. , Bolin P. C. , Campbell C. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station at Rosemount in corn planted 13 Jun. Two-row plots, 30 ft long with 4 ft alleys, and separated by one skip-row, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. A backpack COa sprayer with two hollow-cone (TX-10) nozzles/row, delivering 25 gal/acre at 33 psi, was used to treat the ear zone of each row. A 5-7 day spray schedule was maintained with the first spray initiated at 20% silk. Treatments were applied 18, 23, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep. Plots were artificially infested with about 25 neonate ECB larvae/ear on 27 Aug. A large natural infestation of CEW also developed. Treatments were evaluated 12 Sep by randomly selecting 25 ears/plot (100/treatment) and recording total ECB and CEW larvae, larval size and location, and feeding damage.
Control of Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn, 1991
Authors: Mayer D. F. , Lunden J. D. , Volker K. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted 6 Jun with rows spaced 30 inches apart and 10-12 inches between plants. Plots consisted of 4 rows, 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Silk sprays were applied with a Hi-Boy selfpowered boom sprayer with 4 (TJet 8001) nozzles set 76 inches off the ground and centered on the row at a rate of 30 gal/acre at 30 psi. The corn was at 1% silk on 5 Aug and treatments were applied 5, 9, 13, and 17 Aug except for BioVector which was applied once to a set of plots on 9 Aug. The other set of BioVector plots had applications on 9, 13, and 17 Aug. All plots were hand harvested and evaluated 23 Aug by randomly selecting 25 ears plot, husking the ears, and checking for CEW larvae.
Control of the Corn Lepidoptera with Foliar Applications, 1991
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted on 15 May at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. The planting consisted of an RCB design with four replicates of nine treatments and one control. Plots consisted of six 30-ft rows of sweet corn on 3 ft centers with 9-inch plant spacing. Blocks were separated by 20 ft. Treatments consisted of five applications of each insecticide for naturally occurring Lepidoptera. Foliar sprays were applied by a 2-row tractor-mounted boom, having 3 nozzles per row with flat fans and 8004 tips, and delivering 31 gal/acre at 50 psi and 2.5 mph. Insecticides were applied on 26 Jul, 1, 12, 16, and 26 Aug. On 4 Sep, 25 ears from the two treated rows of each plot were evaluated for ear injury.
First Generation European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn, 1991
Authors: Walker Melody , Wedberg John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Excellency' sweet corn was planted 23 May. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Treatments consisted of 40-ft single row plots with 30-inch row spacing separated by single border rows. Whorls of V6-stage corn were hand-infested with two black head stage European corn borer egg masses on 25 Jun. Whorls were treated 27 Jun. Granular formulations of insecticides were applied in a 14-inch band with a Noble insecticide applicator. Liquid formulations were applied in a 7-inch band with a COa pressurized backpack sprayer fitted with one 8004 Teejet nozzle delivering 32 gal/acre at 30 psi. Ten stalks per plot were dissected 8 Aug from one inch above the soil line to the tassel. Cavities were counted. Tunnels of at least one inch in length were considered one cavity.
Labeled and Unlabeled Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1991
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Excellency' sweet corn was planted 20 Jun at 23,000 seeds per acre. Each treatment plot was six rows wide, 18 m long, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Sprays were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 Teejet disc-core nozzles which delivered 94 liters of finished spray per ha at 40 psi. The spray boom height was set just above the tassel. Sprays were applied on 12, 19, 26 Aug, and 4 Sep 1991. Plots were evaluated 11 Sep by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording the size of larvae and number of infested ears.
Insect Control on Sweet Corn, 1991
Authors: Whalen J. , Spellman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 3 Jul near Georgetown, DE. Two row plots, 20 ft long on 30 inch centers, were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using two nozzles/row delivering 86.2 gal/acre at 40 psi. Silk sprays were applied on 23, 26, 30 Aug; 3, 6, and 9 Sep. At harvest maturity (10 Sep), all ears from each plot were husked and evaluated for damage as “fresh market” (clean ears, no damage evident) and “processing” (evidence of tip feeding but less than 3.6 cm tip damage). All worms were identified and counted.
Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly in Fresh Market Cucumber with an IGR and a Pyrethroid Insecticide, 1991
Authors: Riley David G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cucumbers were direct seeded into 35 ft × 6.7 ft two row plots. Three insecticide treatments and an unsprayed check were replicated four times in an RCB design. Plants were sprayed at 70 psi (ca. 51 gal/acre) using a CO2 tractor-mounted sprayer with three TX-6 hollow cone spray tips (Spraying Systems Co.) positioned one above and two on either side of the plant canopy. Treatment applications were made on 13, 20, 27 Sep, and 3 Oct. SPWF adults were counted on the second or third expanded leaf on treated plants at 24 after the spray application. Immature SPWF (including eggs and all stages of nymphs) were sampled on the first four dates 120 hours after treatment from a 0.6 diameter leaf disk and on 22 Oct from a 2.1 cm diameter leaf disk (average sample unit over all dates 0.9 cm2) and numbers were recorded by instar on the oldest or second oldest leaf. Plots were harvested at maturity, but overall yields were low due to excessive moisture and downy mildew. The results of a single harvest are given in number and weight of fruit per plot.