bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Species Sampling and Sophisticated Algorithmic Approaches Refute the Monophyly of Arachnida
Authors: Ballesteros Jesús A , Santibáñez-López Carlos E , Baker Caitlin M , Benavides Ligia R , Cunha Tauana J , Gainett Guilherme , Ontano Andrew Z , Setton Emily V W , Arango Claudia P , Gavish-Regev Efrat , Harvey Mark S , Wheeler Ward C , Hormiga Gustavo , Giribet Gonzalo , Sharma Prashant P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deciphering the evolutionary relationships of Chelicerata (arachnids, horseshoe crabs, and allied taxa) has proven notoriously difficult, due to their ancient rapid radiation and the incidence of elevated evolutionary rates in several lineages. Although conflicting hypotheses prevail in morphological and molecular data sets alike, the monophyly of Arachnida is nearly universally accepted, despite historical lack of support in molecular data sets. Some phylotranscriptomic analyses have recovered arachnid monophyly, but these did not sample all living orders, whereas analyses including all orders have failed to recover Arachnida. To understand this conflict, we assembled a data set of 506 high-quality genomes and transcriptomes, sampling all living orders of Chelicerata with high occupancy and rigorous approaches to orthology inference. Our analyses consistently recovered the nested placement of horseshoe crabs within a paraphyletic Arachnida. This result was insensitive to variation in evolutionary rates of genes, complexity of the substitution models, and alternative algorithmic approaches to species tree inference. Investigation of sources of systematic bias showed that genes and sites that recover arachnid monophyly are enriched in noise and exhibit low information content. To test the impact of morphological data, we generated a 514-taxon morphological data matrix of extant and fossil Chelicerata, analyzed in tandem with the molecular matrix. Combined analyses recovered the clade Merostomata (the marine orders Xiphosura, Eurypterida, and Chasmataspidida), but merostomates appeared nested within Arachnida. Our results suggest that morphological convergence resulting from adaptations to life in terrestrial habitats has driven the historical perception of arachnid monophyly, paralleling the history of numerous other invertebrate terrestrial groups.
Mazama rufina(Artiodactyla: Cervidae)
Authors: Jasper Jonathan G , Lee Thomas E , Zabel Carson J , Twohy Chelsea L , Lane Kristina K , Robertson Coral S 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMazama rufina (Pucheran, 1851) is a small endemic cervid of the Andes of northern South America, commonly called the dwarf red brocket or little red brocket. It stands about 45 cm tall at the shoulder, has a red coloring on the body, with darker brown to black on the face and legs. Mazama rufina is one of eight species in the genus Mazama. It is generally found in the Andes mountain range that spans parts of Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela inhabiting the páramo and remaining patches of forest. It is currently considered “Vulnerable” (VU) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, mostly due to habitat destruction from encroaching human populations.
Transcriptome and methylome analysis of CNS germ cell tumor finds its cell-of-origin in embryogenesis and reveals shared similarities with testicular counterparts
Authors: Takami Hirokazu , Elzawahry Asmaa , Mamatjan Yasin , Fukushima Shintaro , Fukuoka Kohei , Suzuki Tomonari , Yanagisawa Takaaki , Matsushita Yuko , Nakamura Taishi , Satomi Kaishi , Tanaka Shota , Mukasa Akitake , Saito Nobuhito , Kanamori Masayuki , Kumabe Toshihiro , Tominaga Teiji , Kobayashi Keiichi , Nagane Motoo , Iuchi Toshihiko , Tamura Kaoru , Maehara Taketoshi , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Yoshimoto Koji , Sakai Keiichi , Nonaka Masahiro , Asai Akio , Yokogami Kiyotaka , Takeshima Hideo , Narita Yoshitaka , Shibui Soichiro , Nakazato Yoichi , Hama Natsuko , Totoki Yasushi , Kato Mamoru , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Nishikawa Ryo , Matsutani Masao , Ichimura Koichi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
CNS germ cell tumors (GCTs) predominantly develop in pediatric and young adult patients with variable responses to surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. This study aimed to examine the complex and largely unknown pathogenesis of CNS GCTs.

Methods
We used a combined transcriptomic and methylomic approach in 84 cases and conducted an integrative analysis of the normal cells undergoing embryogenesis and testicular GCTs.

Results
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis in CNS GCTs indicated that germinoma had a transcriptomic profile representative of primitive cells during early embryogenesis with high meiosis/mitosis potentials, while nongerminomatous GCTs (NGGCTs) had differentiated phenotypes oriented toward tissue formation and organogenesis. Co-analysis with the transcriptome of human embryonic cells revealed that germinomas had expression profiles similar to those of primordial germ cells, while the expression profiles of NGGCTs were similar to those of embryonic stem cells. Some germinoma cases were characterized by extensive immune-cell infiltration and high expression of cancer-testis antigens. NGGCTs had significantly higher immune-cell infiltration, characterized by immune-suppression phenotype. CNS and testicular GCTs (TGCTs) had similar mutational profiles; TGCTs showed enhanced copy number alterations. Methylation analysis clustered germinoma/seminoma and nongerminoma/nonseminoma separately. Germinoma and seminoma were co-categorized based on the degree of the tumor microenvironment balance.

Conclusions
These results suggested that the pathophysiology of GCTs was less dependent on their site of origin and more dependent on the state of differentiation as well as on the tumor microenvironment balance. This study revealed distinct biological properties of GCTs, which will hopefully lead to future treatment development.
When the virus hits suddenly: COVID-19 mimicking a subarachnoid haemorrhage—a case report and concise review of the literature
Authors: Pretorius Martha , Weichert Immo 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We report a clinical case, where COVID-19 presented with a thunderclap headache and collapse, but no fever or respiratory symptoms on initial presentation. The patient was worked up for a possible spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), but had a normal CT brain and normal lumbar puncture and then very rapidly deteriorated with worsening respiratory failure and COVID-19 pneumonitis. We discuss the current evidence of neurological involvement by SARS-COV-2 and the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these presentations.
Gynaecological cylindroma in association with CYLD gene mutation
Authors: Khoury Emma , Godfrey Michelle , Yeoh Chit Cheng 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Cylindroma is a benign adnexal tumour that occurs as a solitary pink–red coloured nodule and is usually found on the scalp or neck. There have been few cases reported of these lesions being found on the genitalia. They can be found in single or in multiple form, with the latter usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD) cutaneous syndrome, also known as Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, is a genetic condition characterized by the growth of multiple benign adnexal skin tumours. The most common tumours are cylindromas, spiradenomas and trichoepitheliomas. The cause of this syndrome can be attributed to mutations in the CYLD tumour suppressor gene. If both copies of this gene are mutated, the cell undergoes uncontrolled cell proliferation and division resulting in the formation of a tumour. Here, we present an unusual case of a female patient presenting with a large cylindroma over the mons pubis.
Acute abdomen revealed Streptococcus gordonii infective endocarditis with systemic embolism
Authors: Chang Chee Yik , Gan Yi Lung , Radhakrishnan Anuradha P , Ong Edmund L C 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Infective endocarditis can result in potentially fatal complications such as heart failure, systemic embolization, mycotic aneurysm and neurological complications. Staphylococci and streptococci are the most common causative agents of infective endocarditis, with Streptococcus gordonii being a rare cause. We present a case of infective endocarditis in a young patient who presented with an acute abdomen 2 months after being diagnosed with cerebrovascular accident. An abdominal computed tomography revealed superior mesenteric artery thrombosis, and infarct in the right kidney and spleen as a result of systemic septic embolism. Echocardiography showed numerous vegetations at the aortic and mitral valves. Infective endocarditis was diagnosed based on echocardiographic findings and positive blood cultures for S. gordonii. He was treated with intravenous benzylpenicillin and was also referred for surgical intervention.
Up, Down, and Sideways
Authors: Renda Andrea 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nowhere else but in the EU has multilevel governance has shown its complexity and its possible variations. The chapter explores various strategies followed by EU institutions and member states to fine-tune the allocation of competences, while at the same time reflecting the balance of political powers and the need to increasingly involve stakeholders in open governance arrangements. This leads to a richer overall framework compared to the traditional binary model, which focused on whether to centralize or decentralize regulatory functions between the EU, national, and subnational levels. The involvement of nonstate actors, the introduction of conditionalities, and the rise of agencies in many policy areas further complicate the picture. And upcoming initiatives such as Agenda 2030 and mission innovation promise to bring new elements to this evolving mosaic. The chapter calls for a sharper definition of subsidiarity and proportionality, as well as a greater role of experimentation in the quest for optimal multilevel governance schemes.
Market Access, Harmonization, and Governance in Network Industries
Authors: de Almeida Lucila 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Opening markets in network industries to competition is challenging. This chapter compares how such challenges have been addressed by the two most remarkable trade liberalization regimes—the internal market project of the European Union (EU) and the trade agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The chapter proposes a threefold framework to narrate the evolution of the EU and the WTO since their foundations—namely, the animating principles underlying the rules of market access, the procedural rules for enforcement, and the harmonization alternative. The results reveal that the different approaches to promoting market access and competition in the network industry find justification in the differences in institutional capabilities. These differences have enabled the EU to adjust its economic governance across time better than the WTO.
Interpreting the History of a Region in Crisis
Authors: Holden Robert H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
As Latin America’s most well-defined multinational region, Central America stands apart primarily for its distinctive status as an isthmus between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, surely its most historically consequential feature, but not its only one. Ever since its separation from the Spanish monarchy two centuries ago, Central America’s fraught political history has been marked by antagonistic tendencies within the region both for and against unification, by successive national and regional movements in favor of reform, revolution and counter-revolution, and by the intervention of external powers, particularly the United States. As a result, a persistent pattern of violence, instability and lawlessness has also distinguished its political history, as its economy continues to rank among the poorest of Latin America. This introductory essay interprets the region’s largely unsought separation from Spain (a process that spanned the years 1808 to 1821) as the hinge event of the last 500 years, having launched what the author calls Central America’s ongoing, two-century “crisis of order.” The cross-regional and country-level essays that follow this introduction reach back to the period before the Spanish conquest and proceed to the beginning of the twenty-first century. Each chapter aims to both synthesize and evaluate the main directions of the historiography related to its particular theme. The overall purpose of the volume is to highlight both Central America’s distinctiveness as a region and the attributes it shares with the rest of Latin America, while encouraging the comparative study of national, cross-national, and subnational historical experiences both within Central America, and between it and other places within and beyond Latin America.
Dissident Feminism and Its Place in Soviet Women’s History
Authors: Mitrofanova Alla 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the second half of the twentieth century a retreat from the radicalism of early Soviet decrees changed women’s epistemological, as well as civil, status in the USSR. Still-prevailing gender stereotypes and the patriarchal form of life, enhanced by the conservative turn of the 1930s, the purges, and the war presented problems for politics and women’s everyday life. However, during the Thaw of the 1960s, women writers shaped in the 1920s became mouthpieces for a time with unmatched social and cultural experience overcoming a patriarchal canon and reinventing writing. The next generation of feminists was largely raised on their writing. When they ran up against ideological censorship and renewed political repression after 1968, feminists become dissidents. The almanac Zhenshchina i Rossiia (Woman and Russia) was published in 1979 and taken by the ruling ideology to be a dangerous political demonstration that undermined a significant socialist priority—gender equality. As a result, the almanac’s founders and editors were pushed to emigrate.
Social Systems and the Indigenous Lifeworld
Authors: Henry Robert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Much of the research on Indigenous Peoples engaged in street lifestyles focuses on pathologized and deficit approaches. Such approaches ignore how individuals make specific and innovative decisions to help them survive. To challenge this approach, this chapter focuses on Gerald Vizenor’s concept of survivance as an applied theory to reread Indigenous street spaces. The chapter shows how survivance is an ever-active presence that challenges settler colonialism, where Indigenous Peoples continuously negotiate strategies of survival and resistance to their erasure. Specific actions of taking up space, which at specific times and in specific contexts may be read as violent or destructive, are ways to resurge and remake their lives in violent urban colonial spaces challenging settler colonialism. This chapter focuses on a life history narrative to show how survivance needs to be taken up within sociology as an applied theory to better understand the ways in which Indigenous Peoples engaged in street lifestyles engage in acts of survivance to survive, resist, and resurge their lives.
India and Pakistan
Authors: Ganguly Šumit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Despite multilateral, bilateral, and even unilateral attempts at peacemaking, the India-Pakistan rivalry has persisted since their emergence as independent states following the collapse of the British Indian Empire in 1947. Focused on the territorial dispute over the status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, the underlying causes of discord can be traced to divergent conceptions of nation-building in South Asia. Though the elemental reasons for the conflict have long been surpassed neither side has evinced any interest in making substantive concessions that could led to a termination of this rivalry. Exogenous or endogenous shocks or growing material disparities between the two states as opposed to a negotiated peace may bring an end to this enduring rivalry as Pakistan’s continued intransigence toward India may simply cease to matter.
Music Theory YouTube
Authors: Grasso Julianne , Arnold Cory 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses the landscape of music theory content on YouTube, or “MTYT.” The authors summarize the development of the MTYT community in relation to similar genres of educational videos as part of YouTube’s history as an online video platform. Focusing on music theory content creators, this chapter provides an overview of how creators have used the platform to produce and distribute increasingly varied genres of content, classified here as Utilitarian, Expositional, Analytical, Explorational, Narrative, and Participatory content. These categories all serve a goal of music theory democratization—that is, making music theory content accessible to anyone with an internet connection. The authors use their own perspectives—Grasso is a university instructor of music theory and Arnold is a prominent MTYT creator—to consider some of the implications of YouTube’s promise of free and accessible knowledge, particularly in contrast to traditional academic music theory.
Phytoplankton cell geometric shapes along Mediterranean seasonal environmental variability in natural and artificial lakes
Authors: Pulina Silvia , Stanca Elena , Luglié Antonella , Satta Cecilia Teodora , Padedda Bachisio Mario 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we grouped phytoplankton species according to their cell geometric shape for the first time in lake ecosystems. Field multiannual data were analyzed in order to understand the phytoplankton cell geometric shape distribution along the seasonal environmental variability in two Mediterranean lakes, a shallow natural lake and a deeper artificial lake. We characterized seasonally each lake on the basis of dominant phytoplankton cell geometric shapes, detecting the following common highlights comparing the two ecosystems: a complex and globular geometric shape (Cone + Half Sphere) with high mean volume and low mean surface-to-volume ratio in winter (at the deepest mixing layer); a variety of geometric shapes in spring (at the lowest nutrient concentrations), with a relevant contribution of simple and compact geometric shapes (Sphere and Cube) with low mean volume and high mean surface-to-volume ratio; a simple and elongated geometric shape (Cylinder) in summer (at thermal stratification conditions); a variety of geometric shapes in autumn (at intermediate environmental conditions), when the geometric shapes detected were at similar size.
We provide new insights on how phytoplankton cell geometric shapes with similar and different sizes relate to the seasonal environmental variations in lake ecosystems, a topic relatively neglected in literature.
Sleep in Psychotic Disorders: Results From Nationwide SUPER Finland Study
Authors: Cederlöf Erik , Holm Minna , Lähteenvuo Markku , Haaki Willehard , Hietala Jarmo , Häkkinen Katja , Isometsä Erkki , Jukuri Tuomas , Kajanne Risto , Kampman Olli , Kieseppä Tuula , Lahdensuo Kaisla , Lönnqvist Jouko , Männynsalo Teemu , Niemi-Pynttäri Jussi , Suokas Kimmo , Suvisaari Jaana , Tiihonen Jari , Turunen Hannu , Wegelius Asko , Veijola Juha , Palotie Aarno , Paunio Tiina 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Characterizing sleep in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression.

Methods
This cross-sectional questionnaire study is based on the SUPER study sample, which is part of the Stanley Global Neuropsychiatric Genomics Initiative. The study is a multicentre, nationwide Finnish study consisting of patients (N = 8 623) both in primary and specialized health care. The main measurements were sleep duration, difficulties initiating sleep, early morning awakenings, and fatigue. These results were compared with a nationally representative sample of the Finnish population from the Health 2000 survey (N = 7 167) with frequency and logistic regression analyses.

Results
Patients had more sleep problems compared with the general population, especially young and middle-aged patients (Difficulties initiating sleep in young patients odds ratio = 12.3, 95% CI 9.8–15.4). Long sleep duration was the most deviating property of the sleep characteristics, being particularly common among young patients with schizophrenia (odds ratio = 27.9, 95% CI 22.1–35.2, 47.4% vs 3.3% prevalence). All sleep problems were associated with worse subjective health. We also conducted a latent class analysis, resulting in a cluster relatively free of sleep problems (58% of patients), an insomnia symptom cluster (26%), and a hypersomnia symptom cluster (15%).

Conclusions
In our sample, patients with psychotic disorders have more sleep problems—especially long sleep duration but also insomnia symptoms—compared with the general population. The patients can in a latent class analysis of their sleep symptoms be divided into groups with differing sleep profiles.
What Gender Values Do Muslims Resist? How Religiosity and Acculturation Over Time Shape Muslims’ Public-Sphere Equality, Family Role Divisions, and Sexual Liberalization Values Differently
Authors: Glas Saskia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Populist voices argue that Muslim migrants’ religion would cause them to denounce all aspects of women’s equality and sexual liberalization, no matter how long migrants have lived in Western Europe. Previous quantitative studies have refuted claims that Islamic religiosity necessarily begets gender traditionalism and that migrants would not become more progressive over time. However, existing studies have not yet addressed the assumption of uniformity in “gender egalitarianism.” The present study argues that individuals’ religiosity and acculturation over time shape support for public-sphere equality, progressive family role divisions, and sexual liberalization in different ways. EURISLAM data on 4,000 Muslim migrants show that different gender values are indeed driven by varying mechanisms and develop differently. Over time and generations, Muslim migrants’ support for public-sphere equality and sexual liberalization swell, but their support for progressive family roles dwindles. Religiosity hardly reduces support for public-sphere equality, more strongly curbs progressive family roles, and most strongly stifles sexual liberalization. These differences magnify over the years after migration; religiosity’s already weak and inconsistent obstruction to public-sphere equality further dulls, while its stronger opposition to sexual liberalization intensifies. Altogether, varying gender values differ to such an extent that any conclusion on “the gender traditionalism” of Muslim migrants should be viewed suspiciously.