bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrational mode-specific polarization effect in circularly polarized stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Li Yuhui , Li Tao , Yu Yuanqin , Sun Jin , Zhou Xiaoguo , Zhang Rui , Liu Shilin 
Published: November 2022

As one of the popular coherent Raman scattering techniques, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) has made significant progress in recent years, especially in label-free biological imaging. Polarization provides an additional degree of freedom to manipulate the SRS process. In previous studies, only linearly polarized SRS was fully investigated, in which both pump and Stokes laser fields are linearly polarized. Here, we theoretically analyzed the SRS process excited by two circularly polarized laser fields and then experimentally demonstrated it by taking a spherical symmetric CH4 molecule as a model system. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. It is shown that circularly polarized SRS (CP-SRS) has unique characteristics different from linear polarization. When the handedness of circular polarization states of two laser fields is the same, CP-SRS further suppresses the depolarized vibrational band while keeping the polarized band almost unaffected. On the other hand, when the handedness is opposite, CP-SRS enhances the depolarized band while suppressing the polarized band. Therefore, the CP-SRS not only allows us to resolve the symmetry of vibrational modes but also can enhance vibrational contrast based on symmetry selectivity by suppressing or enhancing the signal from a specific vibrational mode. These results will have potential applications in improving chemical selectivity and imaging contrast as well as spectral resolution SRS microscopy. In addition, the CP-SRS has the ability to determine the depolarization ratio ρ and identify the overlapping Raman bands.
Wavepacket dynamics of the excited (S1) state of 2,5-difluoroaniline by accidental resonance with the Rydberg states
Authors: Wei Jie , Cao Ling , Song Xinli , Wang Yanmei , Zhang Song , Zhang Bing 
Published: November 2022

Coherent nuclear wavepacket behavior obtained by time-resolved spectroscopy is a good choice to capture the real-time evolution of molecular configuration. Using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging, we investigate the real-time evolution of the vibrational wavepacket of 2,5-difluoroaniline following the coherent excitation of an out-of-plane vibrational mode in the S1 state at 289.8 nm. Probed by an accidental resonance with the Rydberg states, the periodic oscillations with the frequency of 99 cm−1 are observed from the photoelectron kinetic energy (PKE) distributions, corresponding to the energy difference between the out-of-plane mode X10 of C–F bond and the band origin. Moreover, phase reversal of π rad between 0.66–0.75 and 1.00–1.08 eV is also observed in the PKE region. Combined with the scan of the potential energy surface in the ground cationic D0 state, the observed two ionization channels corresponding to different phases are attributed to the periodic geometry changes between the planar and the non-planar structures when the coherent wavepacket evolves from the initial vertical Franck–Condon region toward the global minimum of the S1 potential energy surface.
Self-denigration in academic discourse
Authors: Mayahi Nadia , Jalilifar Alireza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using the methodology of Grounded Theory, this study aims to identify and analyze the perceptions and functions of
self-denigration in dissertation defenses. The data comprises transcripts of two focus group discussions and the disputation
sections of a corpus of 53 applied linguistics doctoral defense sessions gathered from 14 Iranian state universities between 2019
and 2021. The findings suggest that self-denigration depends to a great extent on the role of the participants in a disputation,
and it is used before or after a criticism or a response to criticism. The analysis of the data revealed that self-denigration as
a sign of respectfulness and modesty in a defense contributes to social decorum, diffidence, coercive self-deprecation, contrived
modesty, or flamboyance. This study highlights the importance of self-denigration in the oral academic discourse of EFL defense
sessions and has pedagogical implications for oral academic literacy practices.
Political speeches
Authors: Tincheva Nelly 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a principled theoretical
suggestion on the basis of which political speeches could be
(re-)defined and the multiple simultaneous functions performed by a
political speech could be analyzed. The chapter addresses issues
concerning (a) the main types of functions a political speech can
perform, (b) the cognitive explanation of the presence of these
specific types of functions, and (c) the cognitive explanation of
the simultaneous operation of these specific types of functions.
The main line of argumentation supports a view in
which at least three cognitive mechanisms need to be taken into
account in order for us to be able to explain what a political
speech is and how it functions. These cognitive mechanisms include
conceptual metaphoric transfer, TW and DW construction and overlaps,
and gestalt shifts in profiling.
The theoretical model proposed derives from two
questionnaire-based studies reported here. The model is subsequently
verified against a dataset of 50 speeches by British and American
politicians delivered within the span of the last 80 years.
A corpus-based look at time metaphors
Authors: Valenzuela Javier , Illán Castillo Rosa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Motion-based metaphors of time have been thoroughly discussed in the literature, but some aspects still remain underexplored. The present chapter addresses one of these areas, namely, the lexical richness of the motion verbs found in temporal expressions. We present the findings of a corpus study of motion expressions of time in television news. Using a large set of data, we show that motion verbs that are not conventionally associated with the expression of time, such as crawl and roll, are used alongside the more typical ones (e.g., come, approach). The results suggest that language users are in fact far more creative than it has been assumed so far, thus challenging what is typically perceived as an everyday metaphor of time.
Time moves more often in poetry
Authors: Illán Castillo Rosa , Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is assumed that humans use spatial concepts to think and speak about time. In this chapter we analyze the spatialization of time in five different literary and non-literary corpora by looking at the frequency with which time units (minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years, and centuries) appear as the subject of a motion verb. The results reveal that there is a tendency to spatialize time more often in literature – especially in lyric poetry – than in other non-literary linguistic contexts. This supports the idea that meaning construction cannot be reduced to a direct transfer-based model, but rather requires an elaborate network of conceptual integration that opportunistically – and creatively – adjusts mappings and integrations to goals.
Creative visual metaphors of protracted and frozen time in autobiographical comics about depression
Authors: El Refaie Elisabeth 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
One common but lesser-known symptom of depression is distorted temporal perception. This chapter analyzes visual metaphors in seven graphic memoirs about depression, revealing the unique opportunities for creativity in the evocation of subjective time offered by this genre. Specifically, the authors of these works use different combinations of “pictorial” and “spatial” metaphors (El Refaie 2019) to convey their sense of time slowing down or freezing, and of being out of sync with other people. These findings are related to Conceptual metaphor theory, including Stocker’s (2014) notion of “spacetime”.
From “slow lettuce” to “striated time”
Authors: Besada José L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Many trends of the 20th (and 21st) century Western art music have emphasized the value of individual novelty when conceiving art. This ideological imperative has boosted composers’ creativity for developing personal and almost ex novo conceptions of musical attributes and parameters, time among them. Some of these conceptions can be retrieved in the several traces of their compositional practices. My study focuses on composer and conductor Pierre Boulez (1925–2016), and his presentation of some original formulae for managing musical temporality. Through his essays, compositional sketches, scores, and performances, I analyze several cross-modal features, based on embodied experience, and image schemata underlying his time conceptualizations, with the help of cognitive science and in quest of a generalizable model.
Time in Chinese hands
Authors: Gu Yan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how Chinese people (Mandarin monolinguals; Mandarin-English bilinguals; deaf Chinese Sign Language (CSL) signers; Mandarin learners of CSL) use gestures and signs to creatively represent time. All groups spatialize time on the lateral, vertical, and sagittal axes, but differ in their choices of axes and directions of movements. For instance, Mandarin-English bilinguals produce more vertical time gestures in Mandarin than in English. Mandarin speakers can produce past-in-front and past-at-back gestures, whereas CSL deaf signers only exploit past-at-back signs. Mandarin learners of CSL perform more past-at-back gestures than Mandarin-speaking non-signers. In short, cultural, linguistic, and bodily experiences can jointly shape how Chinese people express time creatively in different modalities.
Les études basques comme sujet d’enquête
Authors: Anduaga Aitor 
Published: November 2022

RésuméCet article analyse le processus de disciplinarisation des études basques –ou leur constitution en tant que sujet d’enquête académique —comme exemple d’area studydans une nation sans État. A cette fin, il décrit la confluence des courants discursifs en bascologie à la fin du XIXesiècle dans un contexte de création des disciplines de la linguistique et de la philologie romane en Europe et de la “renaissance” de la langue et de l’identité basques. L’article soutient que ce processus s’est distingué par l’intégration de deux traditions —l’une “locale”, unie à la patrie basque, et l’autre “étrangère”, liée à la bascologie européenne— dans la stratégie de publication de laRevue Internationale des Études Basques(fondée en 1907). L’étude montre comment les conventions discursives dans lesquelles ces traditions ont été insérées ont influencé non seulement la production de connaissances, mais aussi la manière dont le sujet des études basques s’est construit à travers la fondation d’un congrès et d’une revue internationaux, et la canonisation des textes originaux basques.
Is there a social history of the Catalan language?
Authors: Nicolàs Miquel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Over the last century, historical linguistics has produced notable studies on the formal evolution of the Catalan language. Moreover, in recent decades Catalan sociolinguistics has been developed, connecting theory and empirical description to language policy. However, a social history of the Catalan language has not been developed nor historical sociolinguistics, strictly speaking, bar a few random examples. The reasons for this deficit are both internal (the limitations of the subject matter, the inertia and the stagnation of philological studies…) and external (the socio-political and market constraints imposed on the Catalan language). We therefore propose to move towards a new paradigm in which the linguistic diachrony is integrated within social sciences, open to self-criticism and to overcoming ideological apriorism.
Equilibria and stability of the two-balloon system
Authors: Lemons Don S , Lipscombe Trevor C 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate that the various equilibria that can be realized by two, identical, inflated, party balloons, each attached to one end of a rigid plastic tube, are stable—a demonstration based on A N Gent’s equation of state, which relates the pressure of the air contained with a thin elastic sphere to the sphere radius. Measurements on 12 inch party balloons illustrate these stable equilibria.
Microscale nuclear magnetic resonance gradient chip
Authors: Meissner M V , While P T , Mager D , Korvink J G 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We propose a design, micro fabrication process, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based evaluation, of a magnetic field gradient chip. The uni-axial linear z-gradient coil design was computed by a stream-function method, with the optimisation goal to exhibit minimum power dissipation. The gradient coils were implemented on two bi-planes, which were built-up with Cu electroplating in combination with photo definable dry-film laminates. In the presented fabrication process, the initial seed layer served as a self-aligning back-side mask to define the electroplating mould, and also to implement resistive temperature detectors. The coil design and the electroplating process were tailored to enhance the electroplated height to construct low-resistive coils. Thermographic imaging in combination with the integrated temperature sensors allowed for investigating the heat-up, in order to analyse the current rating of the coil dual stack. The gradient coil was assembled with a radio frequency micro coil in a flip-chip configuration. To demonstrate the field linearity, a micro-engineered phantom was fabricated and subjected to a one-dimensional NMR experiment.
A novel model for calculating the impedance of arbitrarily-shaped coils with perpendicular to the planar medium
Authors: Dehui Wu , Hao Feng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Some studies have shown that coils placed perpendicular to conductors have excellent detection effect for specific defects in eddy-current testing (ECT), where the impedance is an important parameter. The impedance calculation for perpendicular coil is more complex than that for parallel coil, and currently the main focus is on the impedance analysis of circular and rectangular coils. In this paper, a closed formula for the impedance of a coil with arbitrary-shape perpendicular to the conductor is given based on the second order vector position method. In the proposed model, a novel shape and position function is defined to extend the coil application to arbitrary cross-sectional shapes. Meanwhile, experimental comparisons are conducted to evaluate the impedance of various coils on an aluminum plate. The results illustrated that the experimental values are in perfect agreement with the calculated ones. Therefore, the proposed model can provide guidance for the impedance calculation of arbitrarily-shaped coils in eddy current testing.
A novel method for identifying rotor unbalance parameters in the time domain
Authors: Sun Xun , Cui Jiwen , Chen Yue , Tan Jiubin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an unbalance parameters identification method based on a time-domain response that combines a matrix equation and spectral correction technique (SCT). Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. A commonly used method for identifying unbalance parameters based on time-domain response is the equivalent load method, in which the modal expansion technique (MET) is used to extend the vibration response of a few of measurement points to the vibration response of all degrees of freedom of the model. However, this technique may result in incorrect identification. To solve the above problem, we first directly derive a matrix equation describing the relationship between the vibration response at the measurement point and the unbalanced forces based on the state space equations of the reduced-order model. This process avoids the application of METs and effectively improves the robustness of the identification results. The unbalanced force can then be obtained based on the vibration response by solving the matrix equation using the regularisation method. Finally, the unbalance parameters are obtained by processing the unbalanced force using the SCT. The simulation and experimental results show that, compared with the traditional equivalent load method, the proposed method can identify the unbalance parameters with higher accuracy, which proves its application prospect in balancing machines and field balancing.
Damage detection in plate structures based on baseline construction of ultrasonic Lamb wave using designed mobile transducer set
Authors: Zhou Kai , Yuan Hongqiang , Yin Jiangshui , Xu Hao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ultrasonic Lamb wave-based damage detection method is widely used in plate structures. Due to the multimode characteristic, the collected Lamb wave signals are very complicated, making it difficult to obtain damage information. This paper proposes a damage imaging algorithm based on the baseline construction of the Lamb wave for plate structures. A mobile transducer set including two transducers is designed for Lamb wave excitation and signal collection. To extract damage scattering signals, the response of the signal in healthy areas (the structural response signal) is measured as a temporarily constructed baseline signal. The structural response signal is obtained based on the identified healthy signals collected in different areas of the same structure. Damage scattering signals are extracted as the differences between the current signals and the structural response signal. Damage indexes are calculated based on the damage scattering signals to locate the damage with the imaging algorithm. A damage detection experiment is conducted on an aluminum plate to verify this proposed method. The imaging result is in good agreement with the damage location in the experiment. This paper provides a potential alternative for damage detection of plate structures in practice.
A point-surface fusion method for vegetation water content retrievalconsidering optimization of GNSS sites and modeling elements
Authors: Liang Yueji , Hu Xinmiao , Ren Chao , Lu Xianjian , Yan Hongbo , Ding Qin , Lai Jianmin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The normalized microwave reflectance index (NMRI) based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) interferometric reflectometry has been proven to reflect the changes in vegetation water content (VWC) effectively, but it is limited to point data. A spatially continuous NMRI product can be obtained by fusing NMRI data (point) and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (surface). However, the time resolution of the existing results is limited to 16 d, and the research on the selection of modeling elements is not deep enough. In this paper, a point-surface fusion method for VWC retrieval considering the optimization of GNSS sites and elements is proposed. This method is aimed at using MODIS multi-band to synthesize vegetation indices with 8 d spatial-temporal resolution and establishing the initial element set by combining meteorological elements, followed by optimizing the GNSS sites and modeling elements for best modeling scheme, finally constructing the point-surface fusion method for VWC retrieval, and comprehensively evaluating the performance of the method. The results indicate that optimizing GNSS sites and modeling elements are particularly critical to improving modeling accuracy. Compared with other vegetation elements, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), gross primary productivity, and leaf area index are essential elements that affect the modeling effect. Among them, NDVI is the critical element. The NMRI products with 8 d/500 m resolution obtained by GA-BPNN can better reflect the change of VWC. Furthermore, the spatial performance of NMRI products is consistent with the fire forecast products and is suitable for drought and fire forecasts.
Statistical properties of periodic points for infinitely renormalizable unimodal maps
Authors: Takahasi Hiroki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For an infinitely renormalizable negative Schwarzian unimodal map f with a non-flat critical point, we analyze statistical properties of periodic points as their periods tend to infinity. Since the standard sequence of probability measures constructed from periodic points weighted with Birkhoff sums of a given potential does not always converge to an equilibrium state, we consider another sequence of probability measures obtained by averaging over certain time windows. For a weight φ which is a continuous function or a geometric potential −β log|f′|, we obtain level-2 large deviation bounds. From the upper bound, we deduce that weighted periodic points asymptotically distribute with respect to equilibrium states for the potential φ. It follows that periodic points asymptotically distribute with respect to measures of maximal entropy, and periodic points weighted with their Lyapunov exponents asymptotically distribute with respect to the post-critical measure supported on the attracting Cantor set. In the case the pressure of φ is non-positive, we obtain the level-2 large deviation principle.
Performance evaluation of VRAIN: a brain-dedicated PET with a hemispherical detector arrangement
Authors: Akamatsu Go , Takahashi Miwako , Tashima Hideaki , Iwao Yuma , Yoshida Eiji , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Kumagai Masaaki , Yamashita Taichi , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. For PET imaging systems, a smaller detector ring enables less intrinsic spatial resolution loss due to the photon non-collinearity effect as well as better balance between production cost and sensitivity, and a hemispherical detector arrangement is more appropriate for brain imaging than a conventional cylindrical arrangement. Therefore, we have developed a brain-dedicated PET system with a hemispherical detector arrangement, which has been commercialized in Japan under the product name of VRAINTM. In this study, we evaluated imaging performance of VRAIN. Approach. The VRAIN used 54 detectors to form the main hemispherical unit and an additional half-ring behind the neck. Each detector was composed of a 12 × 12 array of lutetium fine silicate crystals (4.1 × 4.1 × 10 mm3) and a 12 × 12 array of silicon photomultipliers (4 × 4 mm2 active area) with the one-to-one coupling. We evaluated the physical performance of VRAIN according to the NEMA NU 2–2018 standards. Some measurements were modified so as to fit the hemispherical geometry. In addition, we performed 18F-FDG imaging in a healthy volunteer. Main results. In the phantom study, the VRAIN showed high resolution for separating 2.2 mm rods, 229 ps TOF resolution and 19% scatter fraction. With the TOF gain for a 20 cm diameter object (an assumed head diameter), the peak noise-equivalent count rate was 144 kcps at 9.8 kBq ml−1 and the sensitivity was 25 kcps MBq−1. Overall, the VRAIN provided excellent image quality in phantom and human studies. In the human FDG images, small brain nuclei and gray matter structures were clearly visualized with high contrast and low noise. Significance. We demonstrated the excellent imaging performance of VRAIN, which supported the advantages of the hemispherical detector arrangement.