bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on hepatocellular carcinoma in subjects with chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tony Sara M. , Shaaban Mohamed E. A. , Mohamed Ahmed I. M. , Abdelrahim Mohamed E. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
A meta-analysis was made to assess the impact of entecavir comparison with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate as nucleos(t)ide analogue on hepatic cellular carcinoma (HCC). The study had subjects with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). Systemic research was done for all studies concerned with our topic till the date (March 2022). We included 19 studies in which 27,618 subjects participated. All subjects included were diagnosed with chronic HBV at the beginning of the study. A total of 15,734 subjects from the overall 27,618 were medicated with entecavir; however, 11,884 subjects were on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% to evaluate the impact of entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on HCC in subjects with chronic HBV by applying a dichotomous approach with a random or fixed-effect model.

Results
Chronic HBV subjects treated with entecavir showed a higher significant biochemical response than those treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.21–1.60, at p < 0.001). Also, no significant difference was detected with entecavir compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate concerning the occurrence of hepatic cells cancer (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.96–1.67, p = 0.10), virological response (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.63–1.25, p = 0.49), and seroconversion (OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.76–2.14, p = 0.37).

Conclusions
The use of entecavir resulted in a significantly higher biochemical response; nevertheless, it did not show any significant variation concerning the occurrence of hepatic cancer, virological response, or serological conversion compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in chronic HBV subjects. So, results interpretation needs to be carried out carefully owing to the limited number of studies included in specific comparisons, e.g., serological conversion.
Low presence of potentially toxic elements in Singapore urban garden soils
Authors: Goh Tiong Ann , Ramchunder Sorain J. , Ziegler Alan D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Urban agriculture is potentially an important piece of the food security puzzle for a rapidly growing urban world population. Community gardening is also promoted as a safe and viable form of exercise for aging populations in crowded settings where opportunities to participate in other action activities may be limited. Knowledge of potential site-specific health risks to environmental contaminants is important in dialogues promoting urban farming.

Methods
We assess the pseudo-total concentrations of selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soils of community gardens, public parks, and woodlands in the tropical urban island nation of Singapore. We compare concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc with amalgamated risk guidelines to form a baseline understanding of the level of contamination in these spaces. We also perform providence tracking with lead isotopes to identify potential sources of contaminants.

Results
All pseudo-total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil were below threshold concentrations considered to represent substantial risk. Further, PTE concentrations in gardens were largely equivalent to those found in community parks and woodlands, but the geographical distribution varied. Provenance tracking with Pb isotopes indicated Pb in gardens was both anthropogenic and natural, but spatially variable. The lack of strong spatial clustering of areas with the highest PTE concentrations was inconsistent with a common point source of contamination. However, the correlation between Cu and Zn suggest a common source for these elements, such as road/trafficking or atmospheric deposition.

Conclusion
We find limited risk of urban gardeners to exposure to Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn—elements that are commonly abundant in urban settings with dense transportation networks and substantial industrial activities. The low levels of PTEs are encouraging for the promotion of urban farming for food production and leisure in this dense urban setting. However, as concentrations were low, we did not assess bioavailability and bioaccessibility of the PTEs. These assessments would need to be determined in cases of with higher levels of contamination to provide a more thorough consideration of actual human risk.
Does Concurrent Cholestasis Alter the Prognostic Value of Preoperatively Elevated CA19-9 Serum Levels in Patients with Pancreatic Head Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: Anger Friedrich , Lock Johan Friso , Klein Ingo , Hartlapp Ingo , Wiegering Armin , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Kunzmann Volker , Löb Stefan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) serum levels higher than 500 U/ml are classified as biologically borderline resectable (BR-B). To date, the impact of cholestasis on preoperative CA19-9 serum levels in these patients has remained unquantified.

Methods
Data on 3079 oncologic pancreatic resections due to PDAC that were prospectively acquired by the German Study, Documentation and Quality (StuDoQ) registry were analyzed in relation to preoperative CA19-9 and bilirubin serum values. Preoperative CA19-9 values were adjusted according to the results of a multivariable linear regression analysis of pathologic parameters, bilirubin, and CA19-9 values.

Results
Of 1703 PDAC patients with tumor located in the pancreatic head, 420 (24.5 %) presented with a preoperative CA19-9 level higher than 500 U/ml. Although receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis failed to determine exact CA19-9 cut-off values for prognostic indicators (R and N status), the T, N, and G status; the UICC stage; and the number of simultaneous vein resections increased with the level of preoperative CA19-9, independently of concurrent cholestasis. After adjustment of preoperative CA19-9 values, 18.5 % of patients initially staged as BR-B showed CA19-9 values below 500 U/ml. However, the postoperative pathologic results for these patients did not change compared with the patients who had CA19-9 levels higher than 500 U/ml after bilirubin adjustment.

Conclusions
In this multicenter dataset of PDAC patients, elevation of preoperative CA19-9 correlated with well-defined prognostic pathologic parameters. Bilirubin adjustment of CA19-9 is feasible but does not affect the prognostic value of CA19-9 in jaundiced patients.
Accounting for Dynamic Changes in the Power–Duration Relationship Improves the Accuracy of W′ Balance Modeling
Authors: BLACK MATTHEW I. , SKIBA PHILIP F. , WYLIE LEE J. , LEWIS JAMES , JONES ANDREW M. , VANHATALO ANNI 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed 1) to examine the accuracy with which W′ reconstitution (W′REC) is estimated by the W′ balance (W′BAL) models after a 3-min all-out cycling test (3MT), 2) to determine the effects of a 3MT on the power–duration relationship, and 3) to assess whether accounting for changes in the power–duration relationship during exercise improved estimates of W′REC.

Methods
The power–duration relationship and the actual and estimated W′REC were determined for 12 data sets extracted from our laboratory database where participants had completed two 3MT separated by 1-min recovery (i.e., control [C-3MT] and fatigued [F-3MT]).

Results
Actual W′REC (6.3 ± 1.4 kJ) was significantly overestimated by the W′BAL·ODE (9.8 ± 1.3 kJ; P < 0.001) and the W′BAL·MORTON (16.9 ± 2.6 kJ; P < 0.001) models but was not significantly different to the estimate provided by the W′BAL·INT (7.5 ± 1.5 kJ; P > 0.05) model. End power (EP) was 7% lower in the F-3MT (263 ± 40 W) compared with the C-3MT (282 ± 44 W; P < 0.001), and work done above EP (WEP) was 61% lower in the F-3MT (6.3 ± 1.4 kJ) compared with the C-3MT (16.9 ± 3.2 kJ). The size of the error in the estimated W′REC was correlated with the reduction in WEP for the W′BAL·INT and W′BAL·ODE models (both r > −0.74, P < 0.01) but not the W′BAL·MORTON model (r = −0.18, P > 0.05). Accounting for the changes in the power–duration relationship improved the accuracy of the W′BAL·ODE and W′BAL·MORTON, but they remained significantly different to actual W′REC.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate that the power–duration relationship is altered after a 3MT, and accounting for these changes improves the accuracy of the W′BAL·ODE and the W′BAL·MORTON, but not W′BAL·INT models. These results have important implications for the design and use of mathematical models describing the energetics of exercise performance.
Osteoarthritis of the knee - a condemnation of a prosthesis for a young person? ATLAS Knee System as an effective method of relieving the medial compartment of the knee
Authors: Sygacz Oliwer , Walawski Jacek , Żelazny Przemysław , Filipczak Joanna , Swora Aleksandra , Borowik Joanna , Bróż Sebastian , Dankiewicz Sara , Brodowski Wojciech , Pawłowski Piotr , Basta-Arciszewska Katarzyna 
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the more common causes of disability in the elderly. In the United States, one in four adults suffers from the condition, half of whom are under the age of 65. The most commonly affected joint is the knee. A significant proportion of people in the 35-65 age range have degeneration in one compartment of the knee joint. Among the younger population, when non-operative methods are already failing and it is too early for surgery, there is a place for the ATLAS Knee System.
Aim of the study: The purpose of our work is to present a new and innovative form of treatment for single-compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. Based on the available literature, to show the advantages, disadvantages and results of treatment with the ATLAS Knee System.
Methods and materials: A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database, using the keywords: "Atlas Knee System"; "osteoarthritis"; "knee osteoarthritis".
Results: The ATLAS system is built with an absorber that, as the knee is stretched, absorbs the forces acting on the medial compartment, while not putting stress on the rest of the knee joint. After patients use the implant, a significant reduction in pain and improvement in knee function is observed.
Conclusion: Osteoarthritis is a significant health problem increasingly prevalent even among the younger population. The ATLAS system provides an alternative for younger people in whom conservative treatment has failed, while more invasive methods such as osteotomies and total or single-unit prosthetics are impossible or rejected by the patient. More studies are needed, on a larger number of people to accurately evaluate this system.
Constant amplitude modulation heterodyne interferometry
Authors: Liu Heshan , Wang Juan , Gao Ruihong , Luo Ziren 
Published: September 2022

Laser interferometer with picometer precision is a key technology in the space gravitational wave detection. Many interferometry strategies have been put forward for the multiple purposes in the past 10 yr. We propose a new interferometry method, called constant amplitude modulation (CAM) heterodyne interferometry. Differently, the CAM provides an optical pilot tone (OPT) for the noise correction theme. Compared with the analog pilot tone, the OPT can record and correct more noises, such as the analog to digital converter sampling jitter, the photodetector noise and the analog front-end noise. From the discussion, the modulated depth

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o
d
u
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a
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=
1.375

rad and the power ratio of the beam split

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are the best choice for the CAM-modulated parameter. Moreover, a simulated case has been implemented for the verification of the CAM strategy. Therefore, the CAM gives us another excellent choice in the optical design of the interferometer.
532-nm-modulated pulse generation based on a time-delay loop and polarization rotation
Authors: Xu Zhen , Liu Xinyu , Liao Yingqi , Yang Suhui 
Published: September 2022

A simple and low-cost scheme of generating 532 nm modulated pulses is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The modulator is an external cavity based on a temporal delay loop and polarization rotation that is realized by two half-wave plates. Propagating in the temporal delay loop multiple times and being outputted partially after each round trip, the intensity of the initial green laser pulse is modulated. By analyzing the polarization of the pulse in each round trip, the pulse train is modeled to simulate the waveform of the modulated pulse. This modulator is coupled with a sub-nanosecond 532-nm-laser source to verify the model of intensity modulation. In the experiment, by rotating the HWPs, modulated pulses with various temporal profiles are obtained. The fundamental modulation frequency is calculated to be 520 MHz, and the frequency of the second harmonic also exceeds 1 GHz. Such a scheme of intensity modulation can be applied in underwater detection and ranging.
760  Mbps ultraviolet wireless communication based on a transmitter with AlGaN/InGaN MQWs
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Meipeng , Wang Xu , Hu Fangchen , Han Mingyu , Li Yun , Wang Yongjin 
Published: September 2022

III-nitride LEDs offer a solution for ultraviolet (UV) high-speed communication as a transmitter with high performance. This paper focuses on a transmitter with AlGaN/InGaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) for UV communication. The transmitter is realized on a GaN-on-silicon platform by a double etching process. The emission region of the transmitter with a small area is beneficial for improving the data rate of UV communication. The emission peak keeps stable at 376.48 nm in the UVA band. The transmission with 300 Mbps is obtained in a UV communication system setup with on-off keying (OOK) modulation. We realize a digital signal transmission up to 760 Mbps by bit-loading discrete multi-audio (DMT) modulation.
High sensitivity and enhanced measurement range biosensing based on defective photonic crystal microring resonators
Authors: Su Jin-Yue , Huang Xun-Qiang , Xu Han-Lei , Zhou Jin-Yun , Meng Zi-Ming 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we propose a defective photonic crystal microring resonator (DPhCMRR) by introducing a point defect into a conventional photonic crystal microring resonator (PhCMRR). The defective resonant wavelength within the photonic mode gap and the location of the defect mode distribution can be readily controlled. Unlike conventional PhCMRR, where the free spectral range (FSR) is limited by the dispersive band structure, our DPhCMRR can take advantage of the tunability of the defect mode within the photonic mode gap, leading to a significant increase of the measurement range. Moreover, the bulk refractive index sensitivity can reach 200 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and the local refractive index sensitivity is about 5 to 10 times larger than that of the conventional PhCMRR. For sensing applications, our DPhCMRR can possess high sensitivity and wide measurement range simultaneously. As proof of principle, it is demonstrated that our proposed DPhCMRR can perform as a sensitive virus biosensor, which can detect a single virus and a concentration of viruses quantitatively. Therefore, our DPhCMRRs can provide a new platform for achieving high sensitivity and wide measurement range biosensing.
Continued attendance in a PrEP program despite low adherence and non-protective drug levels among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya: Results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tapsoba Jean de Dieu , Cover Jane , Obong’o Christopher , Brady Martha , Cressey Tim R. , Mori Kira , Okomo Gordon , Kariithi Edward , Obanda Rael , Oluoch-Madiang Daniel , Chen Ying Qing , Drain Paul , Duerr Ann 
Published: September 2022

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) ages 15 to 24 years represent <10% of the population yet account for 1 in 5 new HIV infections. Although oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) can be highly effective, low persistence in PrEP programs and poor adherence have limited its ability to reduce HIV incidence among women.

Methods and findings
A total of 336 AGYW participating in the PEPFAR-funded DREAMS PrEP program in western Kenya were enrolled into a study of PrEP use conducted between 6/2019 to 1/2020. AGYW, who used daily oral TDF/FTC, completed interviews and provided dried blood spots (DBS) for measurement of tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations at enrollment and 3 months later, and 176/302 (58.3%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI 52.3 to 63.8]) met our definition of PrEP persistence: having expressed intention to use PrEP and attended both the second interview and an interim refill visit. Among AGYW with DBS taken at the second interview, only 9/197 (4.6%, [95% CI 1.6 to 7.5]) had protective TFV-DP levels (≥700 fmol/punch) and 163/197 (82.7%, [95% CI 77.5 to 88]) had levels consistent with no recent PrEP use (<10 fmol/punch). Perception of being at moderate-to-high risk for HIV if not taking PrEP was associated with persistence (adjusted odds ratio, 10.17 [95% CI 5.14 to 20.13], p < 0.001) in a model accounting for county of residence and variables that had p-value <0.1 in unadjusted analysis (age, being in school, initiated PrEP 2 to 3 months before the first interview, still active in DREAMS, having children, having multiple sex partners, partner aware of PrEP use, partner very supportive of PrEP use, partner has other partners, AGYW believes that a partner puts her at risk, male condom use, injectable contraceptive use, and implant contraceptive use). Among AGYW who reported continuing PrEP, >90% indicated they were using PrEP to prevent HIV, although almost all had non-protective TFV-DP levels. Limitations included short study duration and inclusion of only DREAMS participants.

Conclusions
Many AGYW persisted in the PrEP program without taking PrEP frequently enough to receive benefit. Notably, AGYW who persisted had a higher self-perceived risk of HIV infection. These AGYW may be optimal candidates for long-acting PrEP.
Examining social class as it relates to heuristics women use to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding the link between alcohol and breast cancer risk
Authors: Meyer Samantha B. , Lunnay Belinda , Warin Megan , Foley Kristen , Olver Ian N. , Wilson Carlene , Macdonald S. Sara , Ward Paul R. 
Published: September 2022

Background
High rates of alcohol consumption by midlife women, despite the documented risks associated with breast cancer, varies according to social class. However, we know little about how to develop equitable messaging regarding breast cancer prevention that takes into consideration class differences in the receipt and use of such information.

Objective
To explore the heuristics used by women with different (inequitable) life chances to determine the trustworthiness of information regarding alcohol as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer risk.

Methods and materials
Interviews were conducted with 50 midlife (aged 45–64) women living in South Australia, diversified by self-reported alcohol consumption and social class. Women were asked to describe where they sought health information, how they accessed information specific to breast cancer risk as it relates to alcohol, and how they determined whether (or not) such information was trustworthy. De-identified transcripts were analysed following a three-step progressive method with the aim of identifying how women of varying life chances determine the trustworthiness of alcohol and breast cancer risk information. Three heuristics were used by women: (1) consideration of whose interests are being served; (2) engagement with ‘common sense’; and (3) evaluating the credibility of the message and messenger. Embedded within each heuristic are notable class-based distinctions.

Conclusions
More equitable provision of cancer prevention messaging might consider how social class shapes the reception and acceptance of risk information. Class should be considered in the development and tailoring of messages as the trustworthiness of organizations behind public health messaging cannot be assumed.
The Effect of Managerial Commitment, Budget Quality, and Capital Budget on Participatory Budgeting
Authors: Ayu Fatimatus Zahro  , Dinik Fitri Rahajeng Pengestuti  
Published: September 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of managerial commitment, budget quality, and capital budget on participatory budgeting.
Methodology: This study uses a quantitative approach. The research method used the Quota Sampling method. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and interviews. The object of the study was aimed at the APBKal/APBDes management team at the Community and Village Empowerment Council Special Regional of Yogyakarta. The population of this study is 392 sub-district governments in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Calculation of the percentage of sample size using the Slovin formula obtained 80 respondents from 392 villages which can represent the number of existing populations. The method of data analysis used in this study is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS) using the Smart PLS 3.0. The data analysis technique uses two test methods: the measurement method (Outer Model) and the structural method (Inner Model).
Findings: This study found that managerial commitment has a positive effect on participatory budgeting. Budget quality and capital budget have a negative effect on participatory budgeting.
Novelty: The researcher wanted to show the differences between this study and previous studies. First, the researcher re-examined the dependent variable in the form of participatory budgeting, which was influenced by the capital budget, then added two independent variables: managerial commitment and budget quality. In future studies, it is possible to expand the number of sampling aims to provide more complex and testable validity results. It is also expected to develop study variables that can affect the samples used by researchers in the APBKal management process in each region.

Keywords: Managerial Commitment, Budget Quality, Capital Budget, Participatory Budgeting
Isoliquiritigenin attenuates neuroinflammation in mice model of Parkinson’s disease by promoting Nrf2/NQO-1 pathway
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Han Yan , Zhou Qingmin , Sun Zhihao , Yan Jianhui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that severely affects the quality of life of patients. There is no specific drug for PD up to now. Previous studies have shown that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) is thought to have a variety of biological activities including anti-inflammatory. However, to date, no studies have reported the role of ILG on neuroinflammation in PD in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ILG on PD in vivo and its mechanism, and to provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment of PD. Our results showed that ILG at a concentration of 20 mg/kg was effective in reducing the number of rotations in PD mice. In addition, ILG increased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and decreased the expression of α-synuclein. The results also showed that ILG reduced the expression of Iba1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Not only that, ILG also upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and NQO-1 in vivo. Our results suggest that ILG significantly attenuates neurological deficits in PD, and the mechanism may be through the activation of the Nrf2/NQO-1 signaling pathway to reduce neuroinflammation. Moreover, our findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for PD.