bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal‐amygdalo‐ventricular atrophy score: Alzheimer disease detection using normative and pathological lifespan models
Authors: Coupé Pierrick , Manjón José V. , Mansencal Boris , Tourdias Thomas , Catheline Gwenaëlle , Planche Vincent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present an innovative MRI‐based method for Alzheimer disease (AD) detection and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prognostic, using lifespan trajectories of brain structures. After a full screening of the most discriminant structures between AD and normal aging based on MRI volumetric analysis of 3,032 subjects, we propose a novel Hippocampal‐Amygdalo‐Ventricular Atrophy score (HAVAs) based on normative lifespan models and AD lifespan models. During a validation on three external datasets on 1,039 subjects, our approach showed very accurate detection (AUC ≥ 94%) of patients with AD compared to control subjects and accurate discrimination (AUC = 78%) between progressive MCI and stable MCI (during a 3‐year follow‐up). Compared to normative modeling, classical machine learning methods and recent state‐of‐the‐art deep learning methods, our method demonstrated better classification performance. Moreover, HAVAs simplicity makes it fully understandable and thus well‐suited for clinical practice or future pharmaceutical trials.
Provider supply and access to primary care
Authors: Yee Christine A. , Barr Kyle , Minegishi Taeko , Frakt Austin , Pizer Steven D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResource‐constrained delivery systems often have access issues, causing patients to wait a long time to see a provider. We develop theoretical and empirical models of wait times and apply them to primary care delivery by the U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Using instrumental variables to handle simultaneity issues, we estimate the effect of clinician supply on new patient wait times. We find that it has a sizable impact. A 10% increase in capacity reduces wait times by 2.1%. Wait times are also associated with clinician productivity, scheduling protocols, and patient access to alternative sources of care. The VHA has adopted our models to identify underserved areas as specified by the MISSION Act of 2018.
A novel technique for management of stenosis of the postlaryngectomy stoma with preservation of a functional tracheoesophageal puncture following tracheal resection
Authors: Seo Gabriella T. , Wein Lauren E. , Dowling Eric M. , Khorsandi Azita S. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTracheostomal stenosis following total laryngectomy presents a serious concern for surgeons and patients. Although various techniques correct tracheostomal stenosis, none address an existing tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP). We present an approach to repair tracheostomal stenosis, requiring tracheal resection, and preserve the TEP in a functional position needed for speech rehabilitation. A 62‐year‐old male with squamous carcinoma of the right true vocal fold underwent a salvage total laryngectomy with placement of a tracheoesophageal prosthesis. Seven years later, he developed tracheal narrowing. A tracheal resection and tracheoplasty were performed to manage the stenosis while maintaining the tracheoesophageal puncture. Six months postoperatively, the patient was well, with no stomal narrowing or trend toward collapse and uneventful healing. He achieved fluent voice easily with stomal occlusion. We present a novel surgical technique to correct for tracheostomal stenosis following total laryngectomy. Our technique allows for TEP preservation to facilitate speech rehabilitation postoperatively.
Induced effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on human acute myeloid leukemia cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial division
Authors: Yin Xuewei , Li Zonghong , Lyu Chunyi , Wang Yan , Ding Shumin , Ma Chenchen , Wang Jingyi , Cui Siyuan , Wang Jinxin , Guo Dadong , Xu Ruirong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have exhibited excellent anti‐tumor properties; the present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of ZnO NPs induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by regulating mitochondrial division. THP‐1 cells, an AML cell line, were first incubated with different concentrations of ZnO NPs for 24 hr. Next, the expression of Drp‐1, Bcl‐2, Bax mRNA, and protein was detected, and the effects of ZnO NPs on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), apoptosis, and ATP generation in THP‐1 cells were measured. Moreover, the effect of Drp‐1 inhibitor Mdivi‐1 and ZnO NPs on THP‐1 cells was also detected. The results showed that the THP‐1 cells survival rate decreased with the increment of ZnO NPs concentration and incubation time in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. ZnO NPs can reduce the cell Δψm and ATP levels, induce ROS production, and increase the levels of mitochondrial division and apoptosis. In contrast, the apoptotic level was significantly reduced after intervention of Drp‐1 inhibitor, suggesting that ZnO NPs can induce the apoptosis of THP‐1 cells by regulating mitochondrial division. Overall, ZnO NPs may provide a new basis and idea for treating human acute myeloid leukemia in clinical practice.
Risk of food and housing insecurity among college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Glantsman Olya , McGarity‐Palmer Rebecca , Swanson Helena L. , Carroll Jackson T. , Zinter Kayleigh E. , Lancaster Kelly M. , Berardi Luciano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess college students’ food and housing insecurity risk amidst the pandemic. Data were collected through an online survey in the summer of 2020 from 1956 graduate and undergraduate students attending a large, private, urban university in the Midwest, U.S. Food insecurity among students increased (25% before; 29% during COVID) with housing insecurity staying roughly the same (34% before; 36% during COVID). Results indicate certain student groups were at greater risk of basic needs insecurity during the pandemic compared to their counterparts. Results also suggest changes in food and housing insecurity trends. College students are burdened with basic needs insecurity, exacerbated during the pandemic. Institutions need to work toward solutions to address the needs of vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by basic needs insecurity. Recommendations on addressing the basic needs of college students are also provided.
Encapsulating Cas9 into extracellular vesicles by protein myristoylation
Authors: Whitley Joseph Andrew , Kim Sungjin , Lou Lei , Ye Chenming , Alsaidan Omar Awad , Sulejmani Essilvo , Cai Jingwen , Desrochers Ellison Gerona , Beharry Zanna , Rickman Catherine Bowes , Klingeborn Mikael , Liu Yutao , Xie Zhong‐Ru , Cai Houjian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is a very promising avenue for the treatment of a variety of genetic diseases. However, it is still very challenging to encapsulate CRISPR/Cas9 machinery for delivery. Protein N‐myristoylation is an irreversible co/post‐translational modification that results in the covalent attachment of the myristoyl‐group to the N‐terminus of a target protein. It serves as an anchor for a protein to associate with the cell membrane and determines its intracellular trafficking and activity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted vesicles that mediate cell‐cell communication. In this study, we demonstrate that myristoylated proteins were preferentially encapsulated into EVs. The octapeptide derived from the leading sequence of the N‐terminus of Src kinase was a favourable substrate for N‐myristoyltransferase 1, the enzyme that catalyzes myristoylation. The fusion of the octapeptide onto the N‐terminus of Cas9 promoted the myristoylation and encapsulation of Cas9 into EVs. Encapsulation of Cas9 and sgRNA‐eGFP inside EVs was confirmed using protease digestion assays. Additionally, to increase the transfection potential, VSV‐G was introduced into the EVs. The encapsulated Cas9 in EVs accounted for 0.7% of total EV protein. Importantly, the EVs coated with VSV‐G encapsulating Cas9/sgRNA‐eGFP showed up to 42% eGFP knock out efficiency with limited off‐target effects in recipient cells. Our study provides a novel approach to encapsulate CRISPR/Cas9 protein and sgRNA into EVs. This strategy may open an effective avenue to utilize EVs as vehicles to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 for genome‐editing‐based gene therapy.
Art for Reconstruction: A creative and art‐based intervention for peacebuilding and reconciliation to reduce intergroup hostility and stigma after a protracted armed conflict
Authors: Pinto‐Garcia María Elisa , Serna‐Hosie Renata , Casas Andrés , Méndez Nathalie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work explores the results of a creative and art‐based intervention to foster reconciliation in Colombia. The paper presents a novel methodology defined as ‘Art for Reconstruction’, piloted with victims of violence, veterans from armed forces and former members of illegal groups between 2018 and 2019 in Medellín, Colombia. The initiative encouraged trauma healing, reduced intergroup hostility, fostered cooperation and willingness to reconcile among previous enemies. Results show that creative and art‐based approaches, like Kintsugi, are promising to transform citizens' interactions at the micro level. This project presents how art and social engagement facilitate transitions from war to peace and reconciliation.
Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry methods for the selective and sensitive determination of 24S‐hydroxycholesterol, its sulfate, and/or glucuronide conjugates in plasma
Authors: Brousseau Valérie , Caron Patrick , Trottier Jocelyn , Di Paolo Thérèse , Milkiewicz Piotr , Barbier Olivier 
Published: April 2022

Abstract24S‐hydroxycholesterol (i.e., cerebrosterol, 24S‐OH‐Chol) is the main form of cholesterol elimination from the brain. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods were developed for the quantification of the total and unesterified/unbound fractions of 24S‐OH‐Chol, its monosulfate, monoglucuronide, and diconjugate derivatives (24S‐OH‐Chol‐3sulfate [3S], 24S‐OH‐Chol‐24glucuronide [24G] and 24S‐OH‐Chol‐3S, 24G, respectively) in human plasma. Linearity, precision, accuracy, and extraction recovery were validated within the typical physiological and pathological ranges of concentrations for each compound. The lower limit of quantifications was 2.00, 0.33, 0.26, and 0.74 ng/ml for 24S‐OH‐Chol, 24S‐OH‐Chol‐24G, 24S‐OH‐Chol‐3S, and 24‐OH‐Chol‐3S, 24G, respectively. Extraction recovery values in total and unbound plasma fractions were also analyzed in murine and monkey plasma and varied from 73% in mouse to 113% in cynomolgus monkey. The methods could rapidly (less than 7 min) quantify individual compounds with high sensitivity, accuracy (bias ≤15%), and reproducibility (coefficient of variation [CV] ≤ 17%). Their clinical applications were validated by measuring levels of the 4 compounds in samples from 20 noncholestatic donors, 5 cholestatic patients suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis, and 10 patients suffering from biliary stenosis. Results highlight the abundance of 24S‐OH‐Chol in the total fraction and the abundance of 24S‐OH‐Chol‐3S and 24G in the unbound ones. While the latter strongly accumulate in plasma fractions of cholestatic patients, levels of 24S‐OH‐Chol remained similar to those of healthy donors. Our results indicate that this approach is suitable for monitoring cerebrosterol and its conjugates in large‐scale clinical studies.
Impact of the left common ostium following pulmonary vein isolation in AF: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ronsoni Rafael de March , Silvestrini Tiago Luiz , Saffi Marco Aurélio Lumertz , Leiria Tiago Luiz Luz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposePulmonary vein isolation (PVI) through catheter ablation is the basis for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The left common ostium (LCO) is a high prevalence anatomical variation and has conflicting results in the effects on the prognosis following ablation. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that compared the arrhythmia recurrence rate after radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation balloon between patients with normal pattern pulmonary vein and patients with LCO.Methods and ResultsResults were pooled using a fixed or random effect, at the discretion of heterogeneity (>25%), in addition, we associated subgroup analysis in these cases and when clinically indicated. Fourteen non‐randomized studies totaling 3278 patients were included. In analyses using the two energies all patients: OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.84–1.23; P = .90, I2 = 67%) and excluding patients with any type of persistent AF (PeAF) and those submitted to linear atrial lesion (LAL) OR 0.80 (95% CI 0.52–1.22; P = .30, I2 = 71%). Using CRYO: all patients OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.03–1.74; P = .03, I2 = 0%). Using RF: all patients—OR 0.55 (95% CI 0.32–0.95; P = .03, I2 = 49%); excluding studies with long duration PeAF and the performance of LAL concomitant—OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.23–0.91; P = .03, I2 = 44%).ConclusionThe results suggest a better prognosis in patients with LCO, submitted to PVI without additional LAL under RF energy in paroxysmal AF and short‐duration PeAF. In patients undergoing CRYO, the presence of LCO suggests a worse prognosis.
Fine‐scale resource selection and behavioral tradeoffs of eastern wild turkey broods
Authors: Nelson Stefan D. , Keever Allison C. , Wightman Patrick H. , Bakner Nicholas W. , Argabright Chad M. , Byrne Michael E. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. , Cohen Bradley S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResource heterogeneity across the landscape prompts animals to make behavioral tradeoffs to survive and reproduce. Behavioral thermoregulation can buffer organisms from thermal extremes but may conflict with other essential activities such as predator avoidance or foraging, and necessitate tradeoffs among resource requirements. We evaluated patterns of habitat selection relative to thermal conditions, forage availability, and concealment cover for female eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) with broods to assess potential tradeoffs among resource requirements. We quantified air temperature (°C), vegetation characteristics (e.g., visual obstruction), and arthropod biomass (g/m2) at locations used by broods across 5 study sites in the southeastern United States during May–July 2019–2020. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate brooding female resource selection at the second (home range) and third (within home range) orders. Specifically, we identified differences in selection between brooding and non‐brooding females (second order), and factors influencing selection of sites used by brooding females during the day (when loafing and foraging) and night (roosting; third order). Brooding females selected sites with cooler temperatures (β = −0.22; 95% CI = −0.338–−0.102) and greater ground cover vegetation (β = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.013–0.033) than non‐brooding females. Additionally, biomass of large prey (Orthoptera) was positively related to ambient temperature, suggesting that use of thermal refuge by brooding females may limit availability of large prey. Brooding females appeared to balance the tradeoff between thermal refuge and forage availability by altering habitat selection patterns within home ranges. Brooding females selected for herbaceous areas that provided greater biomass of large arthropods during the day, and avoided areas dominated by woody vegetation during both the day and night. We did not observe brooding females using locations where woody cover exceeded 27% of understory vegetation. Thermal refuge is an important component of brood habitat, but within thermally suitable areas brooding females can select sites with greater availability of large prey to meet energetic demands of broods. Evaluation of multiple spatial scales is key when assessing tradeoffs among resource needs and determining the potential of behavioral thermoregulation to buffer an organism's thermal environment and allow persistence in a warming climate.
Consequences of an ecosystem state shift for nitrogen cycling in a desert stream
Authors: Ribot Miquel , Grimm Nancy B. , Pollard Lindsey D. , von Schiller Daniel , Handler Amalia M. , Martí Eugènia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCessation of cattle grazing has resulted in the reestablishment of wetlands in some streams of the U.S. Southwest. Decades of cattle grazing prevented vascular plant growth in Sycamore Creek (Arizona, U.S.A.), resulting in stream reaches dominated by diatoms and filamentous green algae. Establishment of vascular plants can profoundly modify ecosystem processes; yet, the effects on nitrogen (N) cycling remain unexplored. We examined the consequences of this ecosystem state shift on N cycling in this N‐limited desert stream. We compared results from whole‐reach ammonium‐N stable isotope (15NH4+) tracer additions conducted before (pre‐wetland state) and 13 yr after (wetland state) free‐range cattle removal from the watershed. Water column estimations showed that in‐stream N uptake and storage were higher in the pre‐wetland than in the wetland state. N turnover was also higher in the pre‐wetland state, indicating that assimilated N was retained for shorter time in stream biomass. In addition, N uptake was mostly driven by assimilatory uptake regardless of the ecosystem state considered. Water column trends were mechanistically explained by the fact that the dominant primary uptake compartments in the pre‐wetland state (i.e., algae and diatoms) had higher assimilatory uptake and turnover rates than those in the wetland state (i.e., vascular plants). Overall, results show that the shift in the composition and dominance of primary producers induced by the cessation of cattle grazing within the stream‐riparian corridor changes in‐stream N processing from a dominance of intense and fast N recycling to a prevalence of N retention in biomass of primary producers.
Sustainable Light‐Stimulated Synthesis of Cross‐Linked Polymer Microparticles
Authors: Boga Karteek , Patti Antonio F. , Warner John C. , Simon George P. , Saito Kei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe increasing demand for crosslinked polymer microparticles (PMPs) in advanced applications requires the development of new sustainable methods which can reduce the impact of the polymerization process on the environment. This research reports a new environmentally‐friendly light‐assisted polymerization method for the synthesis of highly cross‐linked polymer microspheres by combining light‐induced [2+2] cycloadditions with dispersion polymerization. Using naturally‐occurring coumarin as reactive moieties, this method allows the synthesis of highly crosslinked PMPs in the presence of UV light at room temperature without initiator. The effect of the reaction parameters such as monomer concentration, stabilizer and reaction time on the particle size and yield are investigated using a number of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show the formation of highly crosslinked porous microspheres which demonstrate good thermal stability.
Using 3.0 eV Large Bandgap Conjugated Polymer as Host Donor to Construct Ternary Semi‐Transparent Polymer Solar Cells: Increased Average Visible Transmittance and Modified Color Temperature
Authors: Liu Xuanchen , Liu Zhitian , Chen Mingqing , Wang Qian , Pan Feilong , Liu Haizhen , Zhang Lianjie , Chen Junwu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough optical engineering strategy has been utilized to optimize average visible transmittance (AVT) of semi‐transparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs), judicious selection of active layer materials should be more direct and basic. Herein, an efficient ternary active layer is constructed with a wide bandgap (3.0 eV) fluorescent polymer FC‐S1 as host donor, a middle bandgap polymer PM6 as guest donor, and a narrow bandgap non‐fullerene Y6‐BO as acceptor. Using FC‐S1 as the host donor can allow more visible photons to penetrate the device. In the absence of optical engineering, the ternary ST‐OSC with FC‐S1:PM6:Y6‐BO = 1:0.3:1.5 active layer of 30 nm thickness displays a much higher AVT of 49.28% than that of 32.34% for a PM6:Y6‐BO = 1.3:1.5 based binary ST‐OSC. The ternary ST‐OSC provides a good power conversion efficiency of 6.01%, only slightly lower than 7.15% for the binary ST‐OSC. The ternary ST‐OSC also demonstrates a color rendering index (CRI) of 87 and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6916 K, all better than CRI of 80 and CCT of 9022 K for the binary ST‐OSC. Moreover, the backbone of FC‐S1 is mainly composed by fluorene and carbazole, two easily‐accessible aromatic rings, which would meet low‐cost concern of ST‐OSCs.
C‐band 180‐nm CMOS transmitter front‐end with a three‐stage power amplifier for phased array applications
Authors: Dou Bingfei , Liu Ming , Wang Yan , Xiao Dongping , Ding Na , Liao Bingbing , Duan Zongming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA fully differential transmitter front‐end with multistage power amplifiers and a 7‐bit phase shifter were implemented in a 180‐nm CMOS process. RC feedback and cross‐coupling circuits were adopted to improve the stability of the power amplifiers. For the final power stage, a four‐transistor in‐parallel architecture was used to obtain a large total gate width, while maintaining a compact size with relatively small parasitic effects. The measured saturated output power (Psat) of the fabricated transmitter chip is 21.3−22 dBm, with a system efficiency of 24%−28.2% at 5−7 GHz, and the root‐mean‐square phase and gain error are below 1.40° and 0.28 dB, respectively, with 7‐bit phase resolution.
Deep learning–based velocity antialiasing of 4D‐flow MRI
Authors: Berhane Haben , Scott Michael B. , Barker Alex J. , McCarthy Patrick , Avery Ryan , Allen Brad , Malaisrie Chris , Robinson Joshua D. , Rigsby Cynthia K. , Markl Michael 
Published: April 2022

PurposeTo develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the robust and fast correction of velocity aliasing in 4D‐flow MRI.MethodsThis study included 667 adult subjects with aortic 4D‐flow MRI data with existing velocity aliasing (n = 362) and no velocity aliasing (n = 305). Additionally, 10 controls received back‐to‐back 4D‐flow scans with systemically varied velocity‐encoding sensitivity (vencs) at 60, 100, and 175 cm/s. The no‐aliasing data sets were used to simulate velocity aliasing by reducing the venc to 40%–70% of the original, alongside a ground truth locating all aliased voxels (153 training, 152 testing). The 152 simulated and 362 existing aliasing data sets were used for testing and compared with a conventional velocity antialiasing algorithm. Dice scores were calculated to quantify CNN performance. For controls, the venc 175‐cm/s scans were used as the ground truth and compared with the CNN‐corrected venc 60 and 100 cm/s data setsResultsThe CNN required 176 ± 30 s to perform compared with 162 ± 14 s for the conventional algorithm. The CNN showed excellent performance for the simulated data compared with the conventional algorithm (median range of Dice scores CNN: [0.89–0.99], conventional algorithm: [0.84–0.94], p < 0.001, across all simulated vencs) and detected more aliased voxels in existing velocity aliasing data sets (median detected CNN: 159 voxels [31–605], conventional algorithm: 65 [7–417], p < 0.001). For controls, the CNN showed Dice scores of 0.98 [0.95–0.99] and 0.96 [0.87–0.99] for venc = 60 cm/s and 100 cm/s, respectively, while flow comparisons showed moderate‐excellent agreement.ConclusionDeep learning enabled fast and robust velocity anti‐aliasing in 4D‐flow MRI.