bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of vulnerabilities in worldwide small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Cánovas‐Molina Almudena , García‐Frapolli Eduardo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAddressing vulnerabilities in small‐scale fisheries (SSF) has been gaining increasing attention due to their role in securing livelihoods of millions of people in the world, even though when they are subject to susceptible scenarios. We reviewed the literature with the aim of shedding light on the distribution, coping strategies, and common drivers of vulnerabilities in worldwide SSF. Seventy‐eight studied cases worldwide, 21 drivers of vulnerability, and 8 coping strategies were identified. Natural and human‐induced declining fish catches was the most common driver of vulnerability and disobedience of fishing rules the most common coping strategy. From the three dimensions of vulnerability, exposure (presence of vulnerable scenarios) was the highest (50%), followed by sensitivity (susceptibility to vulnerable scenarios) (29%) and adaptive capacity (ability to cope with vulnerable scenarios) (21%). The literature review highlights the need for adopting a context‐specific threefold (resource management and conservation, livelihoods development, and restructured governance) approach to SSF management.
Are fish communities on coral reefs becoming less colourful?
Authors: Hemingson Christopher R. , Mihalitsis Michalis , Bellwood David R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn organism's colouration is often linked to the environment in which it lives. The fishes that inhabit coral reefs are extremely diverse in colouration, but the specific environmental factors that support this extreme diversity remain unclear. Interestingly, much of the aesthetic and intrinsic value humans place on coral reefs (a core ecosystem service they provide) is based on this extreme diversity of colours. However, like many processes on coral reefs, the relationship between colouration and the environment is likely to be impacted by global environmental change. Using a novel community‐level measure of fish colouration, as perceived by humans, we explore the potential links between fish community colouration and the environment. We then asked if this relationship is impacted by human‐induced environmental disturbances, e.g. mass coral bleaching events, using a community‐level dataset spanning 27 years on the Great Barrier Reef. We found that the diversity of colours found within a fish community is directly related to the composition of the local environment. Areas with a higher cover of structurally complex corals contained fish species with more diverse and brighter colourations. Most notably, fish community colouration contracted significantly in the years following the 1998 global coral bleaching event. Fishes with colouration directly appealing to human aesthetics are becoming increasingly rare, with the potential for marked declines in the perceived colour of reef fish communities in the near future. Future reefs may not be the colourful ecosystems we recognize today, representing the loss of a culturally significant ecosystem service.
Incidence of and risk factors for liver damage in patients with HIV‐1 mono‐infection receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Huang Huihuang , Song Bing , Gao Lin , Cheng Juan , Mao Yufeng , Zhao Hua , Tu Bo , Huang Shun , Zhang Jieli , Chen Dianjie , Zhao Peng , Jiao Yan‐Mei , Jiang Tianjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for liver damage in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) mono‐infection receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with HIV‐1 infection and initiated ART from January to December 2017. Among them, 382 patients with HIV‐1 mono‐infection and normal baseline liver function were included in the analysis. The incidence of liver damage at each follow‐up point, and possible risk factors for liver damage were evaluated via COX regression survival analyses.ResultsThe overall incidence of liver damage (grade I–IV) was 27.23% (interquartile range [IQR]: 26.38%–28.72%). Grade I liver damage was most common and accounted for 22.13% of cases (IQR: 21.06%–24.04%), while grade II liver damage accounted for 3.40% of cases (IQR: 3.19%–4.26%). COX regression and survival analyses revealed that baseline body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level, CD4+ T cell count, HIV‐1 viral load, and the antiretroviral regimen were significantly correlated with the occurrence of liver damage. Moreover, baseline ALT levels and HIV‐1 viral load were identified as independent risk factors for liver damage in patients with HIV‐1 mono‐infection.ConclusionLiver damage is common in patients with HIV‐1 mono‐infection undergoing ART. Patients with risk factors for liver damage should be well‐informed before the initiation of ART, and liver function should be closely monitored during ART even in patients with normal liver function before ART.
Loss to follow‐up among human immunodeficiency virus‐positive postpartum women and its predictive factors: A retrospective study
Authors: Li Jianwei , Li Aixin , Ye Jiangzhu , Shao Ying , Zhang Hongwei , Liu An , Li Zaicun , Zhang Guang , Sun Lijun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesAntiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential in preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and postpartum discontinuation of ART is associated with adverse outcomes. This study identified factors associated with postpartum follow‐up of HIV‐positive women.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 170 HIV‐infected pregnant women who received regular obstetric examination and delivered successfully in Beijing between 2003 and 2020.The women's sociodemographic, clinical, treatment, obstetric, and gestational characteristics were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) of loss to follow‐up between levels of confounders.ResultsIn the multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, women with a longer time from HIV diagnosis to delivery per year had a 1.4‐timeshigher risk (AHR = 1.433, 95% CI: 0.897–2.229) and a higher rate of loss to follow‐up than the other women. Perinatal health care (AHR = 0.003,95% CI: 0.000–0.105) and gestational age above 37 weeks at delivery (AHR = 0.294, 95% CI: 0.005–15.818) were associated with a longer follow‐up of postpartum HIV‐positive women, when compared to women who did not receive perinatal healthcare and who delivered before 37 weeks of gestation, respectively.ConclusionsThe longer time from HIV diagnosis to delivery, access to perinatal care, and full‐term gestation at delivery improved postpartum ART adherence and follow‐up among HIV‐positive women. Early initiation of ART, integration of adult ART into prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission, combination ART with maternal healthcare, and enhanced pregnancy care will improve ART adherence among HIV‐positive women after delivery.
Outcomes of persistent low‐level viremia among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ding Haibo , Xu Junjie , Liu Jing , Wang Qi , Kang Jing , Li Xiaolin , Zhang Zining , Han Xiaoxu , Jiang Yongjun , Geng Wenqing , Shang Hong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to investigate the relationship between low‐level viremia (LLV) and virological failure (VF), death, and non‐AIDS events (NAEs).MethodsA prospective cohort study of people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was conducted from 2011–2018 at an HIV clinic in Shenyang, China. The incidence of VF and the mortality and NAEs due to LLV were assessed. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to investigate risk factors for VF, mortality, and NAEs.ResultsIn total, 1288 patients, contributing 3915 person‐years of follow‐up (median follow‐up, 2.5 years [interquartile range: 2−4 years]), were enrolled. Thirty‐one patients (2.4%) experienced VF, 5 (0.4%) died, and 38 (3.0%) experienced NAEs. The risk of VF was significantly increased among patients with a viral load (VL) of 200–499 copies/mL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 14.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.92–37.60) or 500–999 copies/mL (aHR: 13.68, 95% CI: 3.61–51.87), but not among patients with a VL of 50–199 copies/mL (aHR: 3.10, 95% CI: 0.86–11.09). The risk of NAEs was significantly increased among patients with LLV (aHR: 7.33, 95% CI: 3.73–14.42). Compared to no LLV, a VL of 50–199 copies/mL (aHR: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.73–9.74), 200–499 copies/mL (aHR: 18.31, 95% CI: 6.66–50.33), and 500–999 copies/mL (aHR: 21.34, 95% CI: 5.69–80.01) showed higher risk of NAEs.ConclusionLow‐level viremia was associated with VF and NAEs. Patients with LLV, especially those with a VL ≥200 copies/mL, may need more frequent VL testing and NAE screening.
Pre‐treatment and acquired antiretroviral drug resistance among people living with HIV in Tianjin, China
Authors: Gao Liying , Xia Huan , Zeng Rui , Wu Yue , Zaongo Silvere D. , Hu Yue , Ma Ping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the prevalence and patterns of pre‐treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance mutations among people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 12 (±3) months in Tianjin, China.MethodsFrom Jan 2018 to Dec 2020, PLWH with HIV‐1 RNA greater than 1000 copies/mL visiting the ART clinic in the Tianjin Second People's Hospital were enrolled. Viral RNA isolated from blood samples were taken for genotypic resistance testing using an in‐house method. Major drug resistance mutations were analyzed for reverse transcriptase and protease Sanger sequences using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Multivariable Poisson regressions were used to evaluate the factors associated with drug resistance mutations.ResultsHIV drug resistance testing was successfully performed on 584 ART‐naive and 71 ART‐experienced participants. Pre‐treatment drug resistance mutation prevalence was 13.5% (79/584) to any antiretroviral drug, 12.5% (73/584) to non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 1.5% (9/584) to nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and 0.3% (2/584) to protease inhibitors (PIs). Acquired drug resistance to any antiretroviral drug among PLWH on ART with viral load >1000 copies/mL was 88.7% (63/71). The prevalence of mutation for NNRTIs, NRTIs, and PIs were 93.7% (59/63), 82.5% (52/63), and 3.2% (2/63), respectively.ConclusionsPre‐treatment and acquired drug resistance mutations were highly prevalent among PLWH in Tianjin; therefore, routine baseline genotypic resistance testing and adequate intervals of viral load surveillance are urgently needed for the long‐term treatment success. Our findings provide important evidence for first‐ and second‐line regimen drugs for PLWH, especially in China.
Opening the door on entry inhibitors in HIV: Redefining the use of entry inhibitors in heavily treatment experienced and treatment‐limited individuals living with HIV
Authors: Orkin Chloe , Cahn Pedro , Castagna Antonella , Emu Brinda , Harrigan P Richard , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Nelson Mark , Schapiro Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionEntry inhibitors are a relatively new class of antiretroviral therapy and are typically indicated in heavily treatment experienced individuals living with HIV. Despite this, there is no formal definition of ‘heavily treatment experienced’. Interpretation of this term generally includes acknowledgement of multidrug resistance and reflects the fact that patients in need of further treatment options may have experienced multiple lines of therapy. However, it fails to recognize treatment limiting factors including contraindications, age‐associated comorbidities, and difficulty adhering to regimens.MethodsThis manuscript follows a roundtable discussion and aims to identify the unmet needs of those living with HIV who are in need of further treatment options, to broaden the definition of heavily treatment experienced and to clarify the use of newer agents, with an emphasis on the potential role of entry inhibitors, in this population.Results/ConclusionsWithin the entry inhibitor class, mechanisms of action differ between agents; resistance to one subclass does not confer resistance to others. Combinations of entry inhibitors should be considered in the same regimen, and if lack of response is seen to one entry inhibitor another can be tried. When selecting an entry inhibitor, physicians should account for patient preferences and needs as well as agent‐specific clinical characteristics. Absence of documented multidrug resistance should not exclude an individual from treatment with an entry inhibitor; entry inhibitors are a valuable treatment option for all individuals who are treatment limited or treatment exhausted. We should advocate for additional clinical trials that help define the role of entry inhibitors in people with exhausted/limited ART options other than drug resistance.
Frequency, reasons, correlates and predictors of missed nursing care in Turkey: A multi‐hospital cross‐sectional study
Authors: Taskiran Eskici Gulcan , Baykal Ulku 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWe aimed to examine the frequency, reasons, correlates and predictors of missed nursing care in Turkey.MethodsThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study sample consisted of 1310 nurses working in inpatient units of 10 public, university and private hospitals in Istanbul. Data were collected using the Nursing Teamwork Survey‐Turkish and the MISSCARE Survey‐Turkish between February and June 2019. Descriptive analysis, parametric comparative analysis, correlational analysis and regression analysis were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe total occurrence of missed nursing care was 2.93 (on a scale of 1.00–4.00), which differed across 21 nursing care elements. The most frequently missed care was turning patients every 2 hours. Multiple regression analysis determined that nurses' tenure in the profession, patient–nurse ratio, days absent in the last 3 months and nursing teamwork significantly affected missed nursing care. Nursing teamwork alone accounted for 23.6% of the variance in missed nursing care.ConclusionsThe level of missed nursing care was found to be high, and labour resources issues were the most important reason. Nurse professionals should apply interventions to improve nurses' work environment factors such as patient–nurse ratio and nursing teamwork to reduce the incidence of missed nursing care.
Harnessing taxonomically diverse and metabolically versatile genus Paracoccus for bioplastic synthesis and xenobiotic biodegradation
Authors: Puri Akshita , Bajaj Abhay , Singh Yogendra , Lal Rup 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The genus Paracoccus represents a taxonomically diverse group comprising more than 80 novel species isolated from various pristine and polluted environments. The species are characterized as coccoid-shaped Gram-negative bacteria with versatile metabolic attributes and classified as autotrophs, heterotrophs and/or methylotrophs. The present study highlights the up-to-date global taxonomic diversity and critically discusses the significance of genome analysis for identifying the genomic determinants related to functional attributes mainly bioplastic synthesis and biodegradation potential that makes these isolates commercially viable. The analysis accentuates polyphasic and genomic attributes of Paracoccus spp. which could be harnessed for commercial applications and emphasizes the need of integrating genome-based computational analysis for evolutionary species and functional diversification. The work reflects on the underexplored genetic potential for bioplastic synthesis which can be harnessed using advanced genomic methods. It also underlines the degradation potential and possible use of naturally-occurring pollutant-degrading Paracoccus isolates for the development of a biodegradation system and efficient removal of contaminants. The work contemplates plausible use of such potent isolates to establish the plant-microbe interaction, contributing toward contaminated land reclamation. Overall, the work signifies the need and application of genome analysis to identify and explore the prospective potential of Paracoccus spp. for environmental application toward achieving sustainability.
Gap between risk factors and prevention strategies? A nationwide survey of fall prevention among medical and surgical patients
Authors: Xia Lixia , Zheng Yining , Lin Zheng , Chen Peng , Mei Kewen , Zhao Jing , Liu Yilan , Song Baoyun , Gao Hongmei , Sun Chao , Yang Hui , Wang Ying , Song Kuiqi , Yang Yan , Luan Xiaorong , Wen Xianxiu , Yin Xin , Fu Adan , Cai Yinghua , Xie Liling , Li Yaling , Lu Jieyu , Wu Xinjuan , Wang Rong , Gu Zejuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine the extent to which nurses report assessing evidence‐based falls risk factors and implementing targeted prevention for medical and surgical patients in China.DesignThis study was a national online survey.MethodsThe respondents were registered nurses working in medical and surgical units in 662 Chinese hospitals. The data concerning the falls risk factor assessments and targeted interventions implemented by nurses were collected online by the Nursing Management Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association in China in 2019.ResultsIn total, 68 527 valid questionnaires were returned (95.0%). In medical and surgical units, nurses were most likely to report assessing balance, mobility and strength (81.6%) and orthostatic hypotension (76.4%) in falls patients and least likely to report assessing continence (61.3%) and feet and footwear (55.8%). Ensuring the use of appropriate footwear (79.3%) and managing syncope, dizziness and vertigo (73.8%) were the most common multiple interventions, while managing postural hypotension (48.8%) and cognitive impairment (48.4%) was the least common. Nine falls risk factors with clearly matched multifactorial interventions were identified in medical and surgical units (68.2%–97.1%).ConclusionsThe implementation of multifactorial interventions in medical and surgical wards is inconsistent as reported by nurses in medical and surgical wards. Throughout China, nurses are generally concerned about falls risk factors and prevention for their patients; however, limited attention has been focused on continence, feet and footwear assessment and the management of cognitive impairment. Evidence‐based falls prevention should be further tailored to the specific risk factors of each patient.ImpactBest practice guidelines for falls prevention in hospitals have been developed and published, and it is important for nurses to use these guidelines to guide practice. Our findings identify that in routine care, healthcare providers and hospitals can prevent falls.
Web‐based self‐management intervention for patients with cancer: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Ma Lina , Feng Li 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study is conducted to synthesize the effects of web‐based self‐management intervention on patients with cancer.EvaluationWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases for related randomized controlled trials from inception through 2021. Reference lists of included studies were also searched for additional qualified studies. For quantitative data synthesis, standardized mean differences were used to eliminate the influence caused by different scales. Narrative synthesis was also performed.Key issuesNine in 1149 studies were included for narrative and quantitative analysis. The pooled data suggested that patients in the intervention group had better quality of life (standardized mean difference = 1.091, 95% confidence interval: 0.155–2.028) and lower depression (standardized mean difference = −1.634, 95% confidence interval: −2.980 to −0.287) than those in the control group. The result of narrative synthesis is that patients receiving intervention had lower cancer or symptom distress and higher self‐efficacy than those in the control group.ConclusionWeb‐based self‐management intervention improved lives of cancer survivors.
Reduced volumetric parameters of the placenta and extravillous trophoblastic cells in complicated pregnancies may lead to intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age birth
Authors: Sheibak Nadia , Heidari Zahra , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Hamidreza , Narouei Mahdieh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimWe undertook this study to determine quantitative changes of the placenta, focusing on extravillous trophoblastic cells (EVTs) in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) compared to the control group.MethodsPlacentas from pregnancies complicated with SGA‐IUGR (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) were obtained after cesarean surgery and evaluated using stereological assays after routine tissue processing and Masson's trichrome staining. Mann–Whitney U‐test was employed, and the level of statistical significance was set at p <0.05.ResultsOur results showed that the volumetric parameters, including the total volume and volume density of chorionic villi, intervillous spaces, blood vessels in chorionic villi, and syncytiotrophoblast, decreased significantly in the SGA‐IUGR group compared to control placentas (p <0.05). Also, total volume, number of EVTs, volume, the diameter of cytoplasm, and diameter of the nucleus in these cells were significantly lower in the SGA‐IUGR group (p <0.05). In addition, the nucleus to cytoplasm ratio of EVTs was also higher in the SGA‐IUGR group (p <0.05).ConclusionsThere are several significant histological and stereological differences in the placenta, particularly its EVTs from the SGA‐IUGR group compared to the control group. It seems that histological changes in the placental tissues could be helpful for the retrospective explanations of pregnancy complications.
In What Ways We Depend: Academic Dependency Theory and the Development of East Asian Sociology
Authors: Lee Chengpang , Chen Ying 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince it was framed 20 years ago, Syed Farid Alatas's theory of academic dependence has made a long‐lasting impact within the global social science field, and has elevated the previous discussion on academic dependence. In this essay, we critically examine his theory of academic dependence with an original dataset that contains 22 top sociology institutions in East Asia, including China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. We further engage the data, and theory within the global higher education ranking system, a theme that had not yet emerged when he framed his theory of academic dependence. Our findings suggest that (1) higher rankings do not create job opportunities for locally trained PhDs; (2) emphasis on the number of publications is still prevalent; (3) adopting the standards set up by the ranking agency re‐enforces the existing global division of academic labor. Overall, sociology in these societies after 20 years is now more dependent, rather than autonomous from, the Western academic center.