bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-centred care and patient autonomy: doctors’ views in Chinese hospitals
Authors: Liang Zhanming , Xu Min , Liu Guowei , Zhou Yongli , Howard Peter 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient-centred care and patient autonomy is one of the key factors to better quality of service provision, hence patient outcomes. It enables the development of patients’ trusts which is an important element to a better doctor-patient relationship. Given the increasing number of patient disputes and conflicts between patients and doctors in Chinese public hospital, it is timely to ensure patient-centred care is fully and successfully implemented. However, limited studies have examined the views and practice in different aspects of patient-centred care among doctors in the Chinese public hospitals.MethodsA quantitative approach was adopted by distributing paper-based questionnaires to doctors and patients in two hospitals (Level III and Level II) in Jinan, Shandong province, China.ResultsIn total, 614 doctors from the surgical and internal medicine units of the two hospitals participated in the survey yielding 90% response rates. The study confirmed the inconsistent views among doctors in terms of their perception and practice in various aspects patient-centred care and patient autonomy regardless of the hospital where they work (category II or category III), their unit speciality (surgical or non-surgical), their gender or seniority. The high proportion of doctors (more than 20%) who did not perceive the importance of patient consultation prior to determining diagnostic and treatment procedure is alarming. This in in part due to the belief held by more than half of the doctors that patients were unable to make rational decisions and their involvement in treatment planning process did not necessarily lead to better treatment outcomes.ConclusionThe study calls for the development of system level policy and organisation wide strategies in encouraging and enabling the practice of patient-centred care and patient autonomy with the purposes of improving the quality of the service provided to patients by Chinese hospitals.
Access to health care for people with stroke in South Africa: a qualitative study of community perspectives
Authors: Smythe T , Inglis-Jassiem G , Conradie T , Kamalakannan S , Fernandes S , van-Niekerk SM , English R , Webster J , Hameed S , Louw QA 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Incidence of stroke is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. People who survive stroke experience disability and require long-term care. Health systems in South Africa (SA) are experiencing important challenges, and services in the public health system for people with stroke (PWS) are fragmented. We aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of PWS related to stroke care services to inform health system strengthening measures.

Methods
In-depth interviews with 16 PWS in urban and rural areas in the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of SA were conducted between August and October 2020. PWS were recruited through existing research networks, non-government organisations and organisations of persons with disabilities by snowball sampling. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analysed. We used the conceptual framework of access to health care as proposed by Levesque et al. to map and inform barriers to accessing health care from the user perspective.

Results
PWS recognised the need for health care when they experienced signs of acute stroke. Health literacy on determinants of stroke was low. Challenges to accessing stroke care include complex pathways to care, physical mobility related to stroke, long travel distances and limited transport options, waiting times and out of pocket expenses. The perceived quality of services was influenced by cultural beliefs, attitudinal barriers, and information challenges. Some PWS experienced excellent care and others particularly poor care. Positive staff attitude, perceived competence and trustworthiness went in hand with many technical and interpersonal deficits, such as long waiting times and poor staff attitude that resulted in poor satisfaction and reportedly poor outcomes for PWS.

Conclusions
Strategic leadership, governance and better resources at multiple levels are required to address the unmet demands and needs for health care of PWS. Stroke care could be strengthened by service providers routinely providing information about prevention and symptoms of stroke, treatment, and services to patients and their social support network. The role of family members in continuity of care could be strengthened by raising awareness of existing resources and referral pathways, and facilitating connections within services.
Report from the CVOT Summit 2021: new cardiovascular, renal, and glycemic outcomes
Authors: Schnell Oliver , Battelino Tadej , Bergenstal Richard , Blüher Matthias , Böhm Michael , Brosius Frank , Carr Richard D. , Ceriello Antonio , Forst Thomas , Giorgino Francesco , Guerci Bruno , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Itzhak Baruch , Ji Linong , Kosiborod Mikhail , Lalić Nebojša , Lehrke Michael , Marx Nikolaus , Nauck Michael , Rodbard Helena W. , Rosano Giuseppe M. C. , Rossing Peter , Rydén Lars , Santilli Francesca , Schumm-Draeger Petra-Maria , Vandvik Per Olav , Vilsbøll Tina , Wanner Christoph , Wysham Carol , Standl Eberhard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe 7th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit on Cardiovascular, Renal, and Glycemic Outcomes, was held virtually on November 18–19, 2021. Pursuing the tradition of the previous summits, this reference congress served as a platform for in-depth discussion and exchange on recently completed CVOTs. This year’s focus was placed on the outcomes of EMPEROR-Preserved, FIGARO-DKD, AMPLITUDE-O, SURPASS 1–5, and STEP 1–5. Trial implications for diabetes and obesity management and the impact on new treatment algorithms were highlighted for endocrinologists, diabetologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, and general practitioners. Discussions evolved from outcome trials using SGLT2 inhibitors as therapy for heart failure, to CVOTs with nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Furthermore, trials for glycemic and overweight/obesity management, challenges in diabetes management in COVID-19, and novel guidelines and treatment strategies were discussed.Trial registrationThe 8th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial Summit will be held virtually on November 10–11, 2022 (http://www.cvot.org)
Ninjurin1 drives lung tumor formation and progression by potentiating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling through Frizzled2-LRP6 assembly
Authors: Hyun Seung Yeob , Min Hye-Young , Lee Ho Jin , Cho Jaebeom , Boo Hye-Jin , Noh Myungkyung , Jang Hyun-Ji , Lee Hyo-Jong , Park Choon-Sik , Park Jong-Sook , Shin Young Kee , Lee Ho-Young 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem-like cells (CSCs) play a pivotal role in lung tumor formation and progression. Nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1, Ninj1) has been implicated in lung cancer; however, the pathological role of Ninj1 in the context of lung tumorigenesis remains largely unknown.MethodsThe role of Ninj1 in the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) CSCs within microenvironments exhibiting hazardous conditions was assessed by utilizing patient tissues and transgenic mouse models where Ninj1 repression and oncogenicKrasG12D/+or carcinogen-induced genetic changes were induced in putative pulmonary stem cells (SCs). Additionally, NSCLC cell lines and primary cultures of patient-derived tumors, particularly Ninj1highand Ninj1lowsubpopulations and those with gain- or loss-of-Ninj1expression, and also publicly available data were all used to assess the role of Ninj1 in lung tumorigenesis.ResultsNinj1 expression is elevated in various human NSCLC cell lines and tumors, and elevated expression of this protein can serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Elevated Ninj1 expression in pulmonary SCs with oncogenic changes promotes lung tumor growth in mice. Ninj1highsubpopulations within NSCLC cell lines, patient-derived tumors, and NSCLC cells with gain-of-Ninj1expression exhibited CSC-associated phenotypes and significantly enhanced survival capacities in vitro and in vivo in the presence of various cell death inducers. Mechanistically, Ninj1 forms an assembly with lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) through its extracellular N-terminal domain and recruits Frizzled2 (FZD2) and various downstream signaling mediators, ultimately resulting in transcriptional upregulation of target genes of the LRP6/β-catenin signaling pathway.ConclusionsNinj1 may act as a driver of lung tumor formation and progression by protecting NSCLC CSCs from hostile microenvironments through ligand-independent activation of LRP6/β-catenin signaling.
Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and the risk of bladder or kidney cancer in Poland
Authors: Złowocka-Perłowska Elżbieta , Tołoczko-Grabarek Aleksandra , Narod Steven A. , Lubiński Jan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The role of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in bladder and renal tumorigenesis is unclear. Our goal was to determine the prevalence of specific founder mutations genes BRCA1 (5328 insC, C61G and 4153 delA) and BRCA2 (C5972T) mutations in bladder and kidney cancer patients from Poland.

Materials and methods
We genotyped 1028 patients with bladder cancer and 688 cases with kidney cancer and two control groups.

Results
A BRCA1 mutation (all variants combined) was detected in peripheral blood leukocytes in 5 out of 1028 (0.5%) bladder cases and in 17 of 4000 controls (0.4%) (odds ratio [OR], (OR = 1.1; 95% CI 0.42–3.11; p = 1.0). Among 688 unselected kidney cancer cases a BRCA1 mutations was reported in three patients (0.4%) (OR = 1.0; 95% CI 0.29–3.51; p = 1.0). The mutation C5972T in BRCA2 was observed in 54 bladder cancer patients (5.2%) and in 159 of 2791 healthy controls (5.7%) (OR = 0.9; 95% CI 0.66–1.26; p = 0.6). Fifty kidney cancer cases carried a BRCA2 mutation (7.3%) (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.93–1.80; p = 0.1).

Conclusion
In conclusion, we found no difference in the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder mutations between cases and healthy controls. The mutations BRCA1 and BRCA2 seem not to play a role in bladder and kidney cancer development in Polish patients.
SETMAR, a case of primate co-opted genes: towards new perspectives
Authors: Lié Oriane , Renault Sylvaine , Augé-Gouillou Corinne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
We carry out a review of the history and biological activities of one domesticated gene in higher primates, SETMAR, by discussing current controversies. Our purpose is to open a new outlook that will serve as a framework for future work about SETMAR, possibly in the field of cognition development.

Main body
What is newly important about SETMAR can be summarized as follows: (1) the whole protein sequence is under strong purifying pressure; (2) its role is to strengthen existing biological functions rather than to provide new ones; (3) it displays a tissue-specific pattern of expression, at least for the alternative-splicing it undergoes.
Studies reported here demonstrate that SETMAR protein(s) may be involved in essential networks regulating replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, during embryogenesis, SETMAR appears to contribute to brain development.

Short conclusion
Our review underlines for the first time that SETMAR directly interacts with genes involved in brain functions related to vocalization and vocal learning. These findings pave the way for future works regarding SETMAR and the development of cognitive abilities in higher primates.
Automatic cardiac evaluations using a deep video object segmentation network
Authors: Sirjani Nasim , Moradi Shakiba , Oghli Mostafa Ghelich , Hosseinsabet Ali , Alizadehasl Azin , Yadollahi Mona , Shiri Isaac , Shabanzadeh Ali 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate cardiac volume and function assessment have valuable and significant diagnostic implications for patients suffering from ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This study has focused on finding a reliable assistant to help physicians have more reliable and accurate cardiac measurements using a deep neural network. EchoRCNN is a semi-automated neural network for echocardiography sequence segmentation using a combination of mask region-based convolutional neural network image segmentation structure with reference-guided mask propagation video object segmentation network.

Results
The proposed method accurately segments the left and right ventricle regions in four-chamber view echocardiography series with a dice similarity coefficient of 94.03% and 94.97%, respectively. Further post-processing procedures on the segmented left and right ventricle regions resulted in a mean absolute error of 3.13% and 2.03% for ejection fraction and fractional area change parameters, respectively.

Conclusion
This study has achieved excellent performance on the left and right ventricle segmentation, leading to more accurate estimations of vital cardiac parameters such as ejection fraction and fractional area change parameters in the left and right ventricle functionalities, respectively. The results represent that our method can predict an assured, accurate, and reliable cardiac function diagnosis in clinical screenings.
PET-CT imaging of pulmonary inflammation using [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE
Authors: Puuvuori Emmi , Liggieri Francesco , Velikyan Irina , Chiodaroli Elena , Sigfridsson Jonathan , Romelin Hampus , Ingvast Sofie , Korsgren Olle , Hulsart-Billström Gry , Perchiazzi Gaetano , Eriksson Olof 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In the characterization of severe lung diseases, early detection of specific inflammatory cells could help to monitor patients’ response to therapy and increase chances of survival. Macrophages contribute to regulating the resolution and termination of inflammation and have increasingly been of interest for targeted therapies. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE is an established clinical radiopharmaceutical targeting somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR 2). Since activated macrophages (M1) overexpress SSTR 2, the aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of M1 macrophages in pulmonary inflammation.

Methods
Inflammation in the pig lungs was induced by warm saline lavage followed by injurious ventilation in farm pigs (n = 7). Healthy pigs (n = 3) were used as control. A 60-min dynamic PET scan over the lungs was performed after [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE injection and [18F]FDG scan was executed afterward for comparison. The uptake of both tracers was assessed as mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) 30–60-min post-injection. The PET scans were followed by computed tomography (CT) scans, and the Hounsfield units (HU) were quantified of the coronal segments. Basal and apical segments of the lungs were harvested for histology staining. A rat lung inflammation model was also studied for tracer specificity using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by oropharyngeal aspiration. Organ biodistribution, ex vivo autoradiography (ARG) and histology samples were conducted on LPS treated, octreotide induced blocking and control healthy rats.

Results
The accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE on pig lavage model was prominent in the more severely injured dorsal segments of the lungs (SUVmean = 0.91 ± 0.56), compared with control animals (SUVmean = 0.27 ± 0.16, p < 0.05). The tracer uptake corresponded to the damaged areas assessed by CT and histology and were in line with HU quantification. The [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE uptake in LPS treated rat lungs could be blocked and was significantly higher compared with control group.

Conclusion
The feasibility of the noninvasive assessment of tissue macrophages using [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE/PET was demonstrated in both porcine and rat lung inflammation models. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE has a great potential to be used to study the role and presence of macrophages in humans in fight against severe lung diseases.
Risk factors for peripheral intravascular catheter-related phlebitis in critically ill patients: analysis of 3429 catheters from 23 Japanese intensive care units
Authors: Yasuda Hideto , Rickard Claire M. , Marsh Nicole , Yamamoto Ryohei , Kotani Yuki , Kishihara Yuki , Kondo Natsuki , Sekine Kosuke , Shime Nobuaki , Morikane Keita , Abe Takayuki ,   the AMOR-NUS study group
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Phlebitis is an important complication occurring in patients with peripheral intravascular catheters (PIVCs). The risk factors for phlebitis in the intensive care unit (ICU) was examined.

Methods
A secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted, involving 23 ICUs in Japan—the AMOR–VENUS study. Consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years admitted to the ICU with newly inserted PIVCs after ICU admission were enrolled. Characteristics of the ICU, patients, PIVCs, and the drugs administered via PIVCs were recorded. A marginal Cox regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with phlebitis.

Results
A total of 2741 consecutive patients from 23 ICUs were reviewed for eligibility, resulting in 1359 patients and 3429 PIVCs being included in the analysis population. The median dwell time was 46.2 h (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.3–82.9). Phlebitis occurred in 9.1% (95% CI, 8.2–10.1%) of catheters (3.5 cases/100 catheter days). The multivariate analysis revealed that the only factors that increased the risk of developing phlebitis were drugs administered intravenously. This study included 26 drugs, and 4 were associated with increased phlebitis: nicardipine (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.29–2.66), noradrenaline (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.40–4.20), amiodarone (HR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.75–7.71) and levetiracetam (HR, 5.65; 95% CI, 2.80–11.4). Alternatively, factors significantly associated with a reduced risk of phlebitis were: standardized drug administration measures in the ICU (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17–0.76), 30≤ BMI (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20–0.95), catheter inserted by a doctor as nurse reference (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32–0.94), and upper arm insertion site as forearm reference (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.32–0.85). The nitroglycerin was associated with a reduced phlebitis risk (HR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05–0.92).

Conclusion
Various factors are involved in the development of phlebitis caused by PIVCs in critically ill patients, including institutional, patient, catheter, and drug-induced factors, indicating the need for appropriate device selection or models of care in the ICU.
Trial registration: UMIN-CTR, the Japanese clinical trial registry (registration number: UMIN000028019, July 1, 2017).
Combining precoding and equalization for interference cancellation in MU-MIMO systems with high density users
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Thu , Son Vu Van , Hiep Pham Thanh 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn multiple users (MU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) method can provide multiple access. However, a spectrum efficiency of NOMA method is restricted because of remaining an interference signal of another user. A beamforming method can also be applied into MU-MIMO systems for implementation of multiple access without the interference with the other users; however, it is unavailable for a high density user environment in which multiple users locate close to each other. In order to further improve the spectrum efficiency, we propose a novel signal processing method which joints a precoding and an equalization. First, a precoding matrix is prepared for every user at base station, and we design an equalization which is orthogonal to the precoding matrix. Second, a set of linear weights is proposed to calculate at users for cancelling any interference signal. Therefore, signals for other users are eliminated according to the orthogonal feature and linear signal processing, and then, every user can receive its own signal without the interference signal. The proposed method is compared with the beamforming and NOMA methods in several scenarios, and the calculation result shows that our method outperforms other methods. Especially, our novel method works properly in the case of high density users.
The management of anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and history of falls or risk of falls: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Galvain Thibaut , Hill Ruaraidh , Donegan Sarah , Lisboa Paulo , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Czanner Gabriela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation affects an estimated 33 million individuals worldwide and is a major cause of stroke, heart failure, and death. Anticoagulants substantially reduce the risk of stroke but are also associated with an increased risk of bleeding and especially intracranial hemorrhage which is the most concerning complication. Because of this, many patients are not offered anticoagulants, particularly patients at risk of falls or with a history of falls. It is unclear what anticoagulant treatment these patients should be offered. The Liverpool AF-Falls project aims to investigate this area, and this protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aims to define what is the most appropriate anticoagulant treatment option for the management of atrial fibrillation patients at risk of falls or with a history of falls.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis will include randomized and non-randomized studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of different anticoagulant treatments (vitamin K antagonist and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anti-coagulant). Bibliographic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science) will be searched according to a pre-specified search strategy. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will be assessed by two independent reviewers and disagreements resolved with a third independent reviewer. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 (RoB 2) will be used to assess the risk of bias in randomized trials, and the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool will be used for non-randomized studies. A pairwise meta-analysis based on the fixed and random-effects models will be conducted. Publication bias will be evaluated with a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Heterogeneity will be assessed with the I2 statistic. If conditions for indirect comparison are met and sufficient data are available, a network meta-analysis will be conducted using frequentist and Bayesian methodologies.

Discussion
This review will be the first to summarize direct and indirect evidence on the safety and efficacy of anticoagulant treatments in atrial fibrillation patients at risk of falls or with a history of falls. The findings will be important to patients, clinicians, and health policy-makers to inform best practices in the use of these treatments.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registry number: CRD42020201086