bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rediscovery of Macroplea japana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae), an aquatic leaf beetle once thought to be extinct in Japan
Authors: Kato Makoto , Sota Teiji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMacroplea japana (Jacoby, 1885) has not been collected in Japan since the 1960s and was thought to be locally extinct. Recently, we collected this species from submerged aquatic plants growing in the nearshore zone of Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture, where it had previously been recorded from the stomach contents of pochards in the 1950s. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis to identify the phylogenetic position of the Japanese M. japana within the tribe Haemonini of the Holarctic region, which consists of Macroplea in Eurasia and Neohaemonia in North America. We found that M. japana specimens from Japan and China were genetically close to each other and distantly related to all other known Macroplea species from Asia and Europe, indicating the species identity of the Japanese and Chinese populations and the distinct species status of M. japana.
Epilepsy disrupts hippocampal phase precision and impairs working memory
Authors: Arski Olivia N. , Wong Simeon M. , Warsi Nebras M. , Pang Elizabeth , Kerr Elizabeth , Smith Mary Lou , Taylor Margot J. , Dunkley Benjamin T. , Ochi Ayako , Otsubo Hiroshi , Sharma Roy , Yau Ivanna , Jain Puneet , Donner Elizabeth J. , Snead O. Carter , Ibrahim George M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWorking memory deficits are prevalent in childhood epilepsy. Working memory processing is thought to be supported by the phase of hippocampal neural oscillations. Disruptions in working memory have previously been linked to the occurrence of transient epileptic activity. This study aimed to resolve the associations between oscillatory neural activity, transient epileptiform events, and working memory in children with epilepsy.MethodsIntracranial recordings were acquired from stereotactically implanted electrodes in the hippocampi, epileptogenic zones, and working memory‐related networks of children with drug‐resistant epilepsy during a 1‐back working memory task. Interictal epileptic activity was captured using automated detectors. Hippocampal phase and interregional connectivity within working memory networks were indexed by Rayleigh Z and the phase difference derivative, respectively. Trials with and without transient epileptiform events were compared.ResultsTwelve children (mean age = 14.3 ± 2.8 years) with drug‐resistant epilepsy were included in the study. In the absence of transient epileptic activity, significant delta and theta hippocampal phase resetting occurred in response to working memory stimulus presentation (Rayleigh z‐score = 9, Rayleigh z‐score = 8). Retrieval trials that were in phase with the preferred phase angle were associated with faster reaction times (p = .01, p = .03). Concurrently, delta and theta coordinated interactions between the hippocampi and working memory‐related networks were enhanced (phase difference derivative [PDD] z‐scores = 6–11). During retrieval trials with pre‐encoding or pre‐retrieval transient epileptic activity, phase resetting was attenuated (Rayleigh z‐score = 5, Rayleigh z‐score = 1), interregional connectivity was altered (PDD z‐scores = 1–3), and reaction times were prolonged (p = .01, p = .03).SignificanceThis work highlights the role of hippocampal phase in working memory. We observe poststimulus hippocampal phase resetting coincident with enhanced interregional connectivity. The precision of hippocampal phase predicts optimal working memory processing, and transient epileptic activity prolongs working memory processing. These findings can help guide future treatments aimed at restoring memory function in this patient population.
Associations of combat exposure and parental locus of control in deployed mothers and fathers
Authors: Darawshy Neveen Ali‐Saleh , Gewirtz Abigail H. , Cheng Cheuk H. , Piehler Timothy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveRelying upon the military family stress model, we evaluated the associations between combat exposure, PTSD symptoms, and parental locus of control (PLOC) among mothers and fathers with history of deployment, using a multigroup analysis.BackgroundFew studies have investigated the correlates of deployment‐related stressors for deployed mothers and none have examined perceptions of parenting efficacy. The relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms may differ by gender.MethodThe sample (421 fathers and 117 mothers) was selected by combining baseline data from two distinct randomized controlled trials of a parenting program for post‐deployed military families: ADAPT and ADAPT 4 U (Gewirtz et al., 2018a).ResultsOur analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of PTSD symptoms between combat exposure and PLOC, among deployed parents, with no gender differences in the indirect effect.ConclusionRelationships between combat exposure, PTSD symptoms, and PLOC support a military family stress model, and highlight the need to support parents with PTSD symptoms because PTSD symptoms appear to be a mechanism through which combat exposure affects parenting beliefs and perceptions.ImplicationsPrevention and intervention research should focus on how parenting programs might help to reduce PTSD symptoms and improve parental perceptions of efficacy, confidence, and control.
Academic freedom in the re‐imagined post‐Humboldtian Europe
Authors: Marini Giulio , Oleksiyenko Anatoly 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis editorial presents the special issue on challenges of academic freedom in Europe, predominantly in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The volume provides a novel empirical stream of research, urging scholars to face the emerging discourse and problems of academic freedom in the contemporary higher education systems that were largely overlooked in the analyses dominated by the West‐oriented global neoliberalism following the collapse of the USSR. Acknowledging collision and collusion between global competition for excellence and predomination of national interests, we propose to re‐conceptualize the premises and prospects of academic freedom in the discourse of global higher education. We advance the idea of a post‐Humboldtian university, assuming that modern universities are increasingly influenced by the geopolitical imperatives that depreciate academic freedom. The special issue exemplifies these concerns by detailed analyses in such contexts as Turkey, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Georgia, and a comparative analysis across Great Britain and continental Europe.
The Gujarati archive in Tanzania
Authors: Akhtar Iqbal S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe South Asian presence in East Africa has roots in antiquity through oceanic trade routes linking the Subcontinent to Africa. Existing paper archives date to the colonial period, held both by the government and various communities. Only the most recent sliver of more than two millennia of history is therefore recorded on paper. Of that, most of the academic (Hofmeyr) work done on the Asian minority in East Africa has used colonial era archives in European languages, such as German and English. The voices of Asian merchant communities are rarely heard in their own language and context. Their texts are either totally absent from analysis or dismissed as religious and not addressing the “interesting” historical questions of power (economic, political, and social) that dominate academic historical research on the region.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of sexual dysfunction in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Varney Paige , Guo William , Brown Mikayla , Usmani Hunya , Marquez Jocellie , Ayasse Marissa , Kaufmann Tara , Haughton Adrienne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with significant psychosocial comorbidity. To date, the relationship between HS and sexual dysfunction has not been assessed through meta‐analysis. A systematic review was performed by OVID Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO via EBSCO, Web of Science, and LILACS. Original English language studies assessing HS and sexual function published prior to April 2020 were screened. Scores from the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Frankfurt Self‐Concept Scale for Sexuality (FKKS SEX), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) were analyzed. Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria, and nine were eligible for meta‐analysis. Pooled mean FSFI score for female HS patients met criteria for sexual dysfunction (mean = 20.32, P < 0.001). Females with HS reported worse FSFI scores than controls (pooled mean difference = −5.704, P = 0.003, I2=0). Mean IIEF score among males with HS was 47.96 (P < 0.001). Males with HS also reported worse IIEF scores than controls (pooled mean difference = −18.77, P = 0.00, I2 = 0). Females with HS performed worse on sexual function inventories than males with HS (SMD = −0.72, P = 0.009, I2 = 0). Both male and female HS patients reported significantly more sexual impairment than same‐sex controls. Female HS patients also experience more sexual impairment than males and on average meet criteria for sexual dysfunction (FSFI <26.55). Clinicians should be aware that their patients with HS, especially females, may be suffering from sexual dysfunction and treated them appropriately.
Technological features of blast identification in the cerebrospinal fluid: A systematic review of flow cytometry and laboratory haematology methods
Authors: Frater John L. , Shirai Cara Lunn , Brestoff Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInvolvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by acute leukemias (ALs) has important implications for risk stratification and disease outcome. The clinical laboratory plays an essential role in assessment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with ALs at initial diagnosis, at the end of treatment, and when CNS involvement is clinically suspected. The two challenges for the laboratory are 1) to accurately provide a cell count of the CSF and 2) to successfully distinguish blasts from other cell types. These tasks are classically performed using manual techniques, which suffer from suboptimal turnaround time, imprecision, and inconsistent inter‐operator performance. Technological innovations in flow cytometry and hematology analyzer technology have provided useful complements and/or alternatives to conventional manual techniques.AimsWe performed a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review to address the medical literature regarding the development and current state of the art of CSF blast identification using flow cytometry and laboratory hematology technologies.Materials and MethodsWe searched the peer reviewed medical literature using MEDLINE (PubMed interface), Web of Science, and Embase using the keywords “CSF or cerebrospinal” AND “blasts(s)”.Results108 articles were suitable for inclusion in our systematic review. These articles covered 1) clinical rationale for CSF blast identification; 2) morphology‐based CSF blast identification; 3) the role of flow cytometry; 4) use of hematology analyzers for CSF blast identification; and 5) quality issues. 9/L, which is much lower than the original machine count and platelet transfusion was warranted.Discussion1) Clinical laboratory testing plays a central role in risk stratification and clinical management of patients with acute leukemias, most clearly in pediatric ALs; 2) studies focused on other patient populations, including adults and patients with AML are less prevalent in the literature; 3) improvements in instrumentation may provide better performance for the classification of CSF specimens.ConclusionCurrent challenges include: 1) more precisely characterizing the natural history of AL involvement of the CNS, 2) improvements in automated cell count technology of low cellularity specimens, 3) defining the role of flow MRD testing of CSF specimens and 4) improved recognition of specimen quality by clinicians and laboratory personnel.
Immunoglobulin genes, reproductive isolation and vertebrate speciation
Authors: Collins Andrew M , Watson Corey T , Breden Felix 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReproductive isolation drives the formation of new species, and many genes contribute to this through Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities (DMIs). These incompatibilities occur when gene divergence affects loci encoding interacting products such as receptors and their ligands. We suggest here that the nature of vertebrate immunoglobulin (IG) genes must make them prone to DMIs. The genes of these complex loci form functional genes through the process of recombination, giving rise to a repertoire of heterodimeric receptors of incredible diversity. This repertoire, within individuals and within species, must defend against pathogens but must also avoid pathogenic self‐reactivity. We suggest that this avoidance of autoimmunity is only achieved through a coordination of evolution between heavy‐ and light‐chain genes, and between these genes and the rest of the genome. Without coordinated evolution, the hybrid offspring of two diverging populations will carry a heavy burden of DMIs, resulting in a loss of fitness. Critical incompatibilities could manifest as incompatibilities between a mother and her divergent offspring. During fetal development, biochemical differences between the parents of hybrid offspring could make their offspring a target of the maternal immune system. This hypothesis was conceived in the light of recent insights into the population genetics of IG genes. This has suggested that antibody genes are probably as susceptible to evolutionary forces as other parts of the genome. Further repertoire studies in human and nonhuman species should now help determine whether antibody genes have been part of the evolutionary forces that drive the development of species.
Heterogeneity in IgG‐CD16 signaling in infectious disease outcomes*
Authors: Gonzalez Joseph C. , Chakraborty Saborni , Thulin Natalie K. , Wang Taia T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this review, we discuss how IgG antibodies can modulate inflammatory signaling during viral infections with a focus on CD16a‐mediated functions. We describe the structural heterogeneity of IgG antibody ligands, including subclass and glycosylation that impact binding by and downstream activity of CD16a, as well as the heterogeneity of CD16a itself, including allele and expression density. While inflammation is a mechanism required for immune homeostasis and resolution of acute infections, we focus here on two infectious diseases that are driven by pathogenic inflammatory responses during infection. Specifically, we review and discuss the evolving body of literature showing that afucosylated IgG immune complex signaling through CD16a contributes to the overwhelming inflammatory response that is central to the pathogenesis of severe forms of dengue disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Urolithin B suppresses osteoclastogenesis via inhibiting RANKL‐induced signalling pathways and attenuating ROS activities
Authors: Qu Zechao , An Hao , Feng Mingzhe , Huang Wangli , Wang Dong , Zhang Zhen , Yan Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) has severely affected human health, which is characterized by abnormal differentiation of osteoclasts. Urolithin B (UB), as a potential natural drug, has been reported to exhibit numerous biological activities including antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory but its effects on OP, especially on RANKL‐stimulated osteoclast formation and activation, are still understood. In our study, we have demonstrated for the first time that UB inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and explored its potential mechanisms of action. The RAW264.7 cells were cultured and induced with RANKL followed by UB treatment. Then, the effects of UB on mature osteoclast differentiation were evaluated by counting tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated cells and F‐actin ring analysis. Moreover, the effects of UB on RANKL‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by 2′, 7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining. Further, we explored the potential mechanisms of these downregulation effects by performing Western blotting and quantitative RT‐PCR examination. We found that UB represses osteoclastogenesis, F‐actin belts formation, osteoclast‐specific gene expressions and ROS activity in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, UB attenuates intracellular ROS levels by upregulation of Nrf2 and other ROS scavenging enzymes activation. Furthermore, UB also inhibited RANKL‐induced NF‐κB, MAPK and Akt signalling pathway and suppressed expression of c‐Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), which is the master transcription factor of osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our findings confirm that UB is a polyphenolic compound that can be a potential therapeutic treatment for osteoclast‐related bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Systematic comparison of machine learning algorithms to develop and validate predictive models for periodontitis
Authors: Bashir Nasir Z. , Rahman Zahid , Chen Sam Li‐Sheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the validity of different machine learning algorithms to develop and validate predictive models for periodontitis.Materials and MethodsUsing national survey data from Taiwan (n = 3453) and the United States (n = 3685), predictors of periodontitis were extracted from the datasets and pre‐processed, and then 10 machine learning algorithms were trained to develop predictive models. The models were validated both internally (bootstrap sampling) and externally (alternative country's dataset). The algorithms were compared across six performance metrics ([i] area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic [AUC], [ii] accuracy, [iii] sensitivity, [iv] specificity, [v] positive predictive value, and [vi] negative predictive value) and two methods of data pre‐processing ([i] machine‐learning‐based feature selection and [ii] dimensionality reduction into principal components).ResultsMany algorithms showed extremely strong performance during internal validation (AUC > 0.95, accuracy > 95%). However, this was not replicated in external validation, where predictive performance of all algorithms dropped off drastically. Furthermore, predictive performance differed according to data pre‐processing methodology and the cohort on which they were trained.ConclusionsLarger sample sizes and more complex predictors of periodontitis are required before machine learning can be leveraged to its full potential.
Sleep influences daily suicidal ideation through affective reactivity to interpersonal events among high‐risk adolescents and young adults
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Tsypes Aliona , Zelazny Jamie , Sewall Craig J.R. , Rode Noelle , Merranko John , Brent David A. , Goldstein Tina R. , Franzen Peter L. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIdentifying proximal risk factors for suicidal ideation that are modifiable and relevant for adolescents and young adults is critical for suicide prevention. This study used an intensive monitoring approach to examine whether objectively‐ and subjectively‐ measured sleep characteristics predict next‐day suicidal ideation occurrence and intensity through affective reactivity to interpersonal events in young people at high risk for suicide.MethodsParticipants included 59 (13–23 years; 76% White; 75% female) adolescents and young adults undergoing intensive outpatient program treatment for depression and suicidality. Participants completed daily ratings of suicidal ideation, sleep quality, and affective reactivity to positive and negative interpersonal events for up to 3 months (M = 56 days, SD = 24.13). Actigraphy captured behavioral sleep duration and timing. Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate within‐person fluctuations in sleep and affective reactivity as predictors of suicidal ideation, and multilevel mediation tested the indirect effects of sleep on suicidal ideation via affective reactivity to interpersonal events.ResultsResults indicate significant indirect effects of objectively measured sleep duration and subjective sleep quality on next‐day suicidal ideation via affective reactivity to negative and positive interpersonal events, respectively. Shorter‐than‐usual sleep predicted the presence and intensity of next‐day suicidal ideation via heightened affective reactivity to negative interpersonal events. Worse sleep quality than usual predicted next‐day suicidal ideation via reduced affective reactivity to positive interpersonal events.ConclusionsAffectivity reactivity is a proximal mechanism through which sleep indices may influence risk for suicidal thinking on a daily basis. Findings highlight the utility of targeting sleep and emotion regulation in suicide prevention among adolescents and young adults at high‐risk for suicide.
PROTEIN S‐ACYL TRANSFERASE 13/16 modulate disease resistance by S‐acylation of the nucleotide binding, leucine‐rich repeat protein R5L1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gao Jin , Huang Gai , Chen Xin , Zhu Yu‐Xian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNucleotide binding, leucine‐rich repeat (NB‐LRR) proteins are critical for disease resistance in plants, while we do not know whether S‐acylation of these proteins plays a role during bacterial infection. We identified 30 Arabidopsis mutants with mutations in NB‐LRR encoding genes from the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center and characterized their contribution to the plant immune response after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Of the five mutants that were hyper‐susceptible to the pathogen, three (R5L1, R5L2 and RPS5) proteins contain the conserved S‐acylation site in the N‐terminal coiled‐coil (CC) domain. In wild‐type (WT) Arabidopsis plants, R5L1 was transcriptionally activated upon pathogen infection, and R5L1 overexpression lines had enhanced resistance. Independent experiments indicated that R5L1 localized at the plasma membrane (PM) via S‐acylation of its N‐terminal CC domain, which was mediated by PROTEIN S‐ACYL TRANSFERASE 13/16 (PAT13, PAT16). Modification of the S‐acylation site reduced its affinity for binding the PM, with a consequent significant reduction in bacterial resistance. PM localization of R5L1 was significantly reduced in pat13 and pat16 mutants, similar to what was found for WT plants treated with 2‐bromopalmitate, an S‐acylation‐blocking agent. Transgenic plants expressing R5L1 in the pat13 pat16 double mutant showed no enhanced disease resistance. Overexpression of R5L1 in WT Arabidopsis resulted in substantial accumulation of reactive oxygen species after inoculation with Pst DC3000; this effect was not observed with a mutant R5L1 carrying a mutated S‐acylation site. Our data suggest that PAT13‐ and PAT16‐mediated S‐acylation of R5L1 is crucial for its membrane localization to activate the plant defense response.