bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taste perception of cyclic oligosaccharides: α, β, and γ cyclodextrins
Authors: Martin Laura E , Lim Juyun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Oligosaccharides, a subclass of complex carbohydrates, occur both naturally in foods and as a result of oral starch digestion. We have previously shown that humans can taste maltooligosaccharides (MOS) and that their detection is independent of the canonical sweet taste receptor. While MOSs most commonly occur in a linear form, they can also exist in cyclic structures, referred to as cyclodextrins (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate how the structure of the MOS backbone (i.e. cyclic form) and the size (i.e. degree of polymerization; DP) affect their taste perception. We tested taste detection of cyclodextrins with DP of 6, 7, and 8 (i.e. α-, β-, and γ-CD, respectively) in the presence and absence of lactisole, a sweet receptor antagonist. We found that subjects could detect the taste of cyclodextrins in aqueous solutions at a significant level (P &lt; 0.05), but were not able to detect them in the presence of lactisole (P &gt; 0.05). These findings suggest that the cyclodextrins, unlike their linear analogs, are ligands of the human sweet taste receptor, hT1R2/hT1R3. Study findings are discussed in terms of how chemical structures may contribute to tastes of saccharides.
Partial Compactification of Metabelian Lie Groups with Prescribed Varieties of Minimal Rational Tangents
Authors: Hwang Jun-Muk 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study minimal rational curves on a complex manifold that are tangent to a distribution. In this setting, the variety of minimal rational tangents (VMRTs) has to be isotropic with respect to the Levi tensor of the distribution. Our main result is a converse of this: any smooth projective variety isotropic with respect to a vector-valued anti-symmetric form can be realized as VMRT of minimal rational curves tangent to a distribution on a complex manifold. The complex manifold is constructed as a partial equivariant compactification of a metabelian group, which is a result of independent interest.
ATTED-II v11: A Plant Gene Coexpression Database Using a Sample Balancing Technique by Subagging of Principal Components
Authors: Obayashi Takeshi , Hibara Himiko , Kagaya Yuki , Aoki Yuichi , Kinoshita Kengo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractATTED-II (https://atted.jp) is a gene coexpression database for nine plant species based on publicly available RNAseq and microarray data. One of the challenges in constructing condition-independent coexpression data based on publicly available gene expression data is managing the inherent sampling bias. Here, we report ATTED-II version 11, wherein we adopted a coexpression calculation methodology to balance the samples using principal component analysis and ensemble calculation. This approach has two advantages. First, omitting principal components with low contribution rates reduces the main contributors of noise. Second, balancing large differences in contribution rates enables considering various sample conditions entirely. In addition, based on RNAseq- and microarray-based coexpression data, we provide species-representative, integrated coexpression information to enhance the efficiency of interspecies comparison of the coexpression data. These coexpression data are provided as a standardized z-score to facilitate integrated analysis with different data sources. We believe that with these improvements, ATTED-II is more valuable and powerful for supporting interspecies comparative studies and integrated analyses using heterogeneous data.
Alkaline α-galactosidase 2 (CsAGA2) plays a pivotal role in mediating source–sink communication in cucumber
Authors: Liu Huan , Liu Xin , Zhao Yalong , Nie Jing , Yao Xuehui , Lv Lijun , Yang Junwei , Ma Ning , Guo Yicong , Li Yaxin , Yang Xueyong , Lin Tao , Sui Xiaolei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sugars are necessary for plant growth and fruit development. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) transports sugars, mainly raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), in the vascular bundle. As the dominant sugars in cucumber fruit, glucose and fructose are derived from sucrose, which is the product of RFO hydrolysis by α-galactosidase (α-Gal). Here, we characterized the cucumber alkaline α-galactosidase 2 (CsAGA2) gene and found that CsAGA2 has undergone human selection during cucumber domestication. Further experiments showed that the expression of CsAGA2 increases gradually during fruit development, especially in fruit vasculature. In CsAGA2-RNA interference (RNAi) lines, fruit growth was delayed because of lower hexose production in the peduncle and fruit main vascular bundle (MVB). In contrast, CsAGA2-overexpressing (OE) plants displayed bigger fruits. Functional enrichment analysis of transcriptional data indicated that genes related to sugar metabolism, cell wall metabolism, and hormone signaling were significantly downregulated in the peduncle and fruit MVBs of CsAGA2-RNAi plants. Moreover, downregulation of CsAGA2 also caused negative feedback regulation on source leaves, which was shown by reduced photosynthetic efficiency, fewer plasmodesmata at the surface between mesophyll cell and intermediary cell (IC) or between IC and sieve element, and downregulated gene expression and enzyme activities related to phloem loading, as well as decreased sugar production and exportation from leaves and petioles. The opposite trend was observed in CsAGA2-OE lines. Overall, we conclude that CsAGA2 is essential for cucumber fruit set and development through mediation of sugar communication between sink strength and source activity.
Frequent Eye Examinations Urged for Children with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: March 2022

According to this study:

Children who had type 2 diabetes developed vision-threatening retinopathy after a shorter duration of diabetes and at a higher rate than children who had type 1 diabetes.Children who have type 2 diabetes may need eye examinations as frequently or more frequently than those who have type 1 diabetes.
Have You a Hobby?
Authors: Todd Betsy 
Published: March 2022

Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These articles not only chronicle nursing's growth as a profession within the context of the events of the day, but also reveal prevailing societal attitudes about women, health care, and human rights. Today's nursing school curricula rarely include nursing's history, but it's a history worth knowing. To this end, From the AJN Archives highlights articles selected to fit today's topics and times.
In the first half of the 20th century, AJN readers were regularly reminded about the importance of hobbies. As Frances Pedersen remarked in this April 1931 article, “We owe it to ourselves and to our work to regularly seek refreshment of mind and body.”
In those early decades, the journal devoted a surprising amount of time to this particular nonclinical topic. A variety of authors enthusiastically shared ideas for hobbies, such as collecting hospital postcards, or, as in Pedersen's article, gardening. Some argued that people with hobbies were more well rounded and therefore made better nurses. And some saw hobbies as essential relaxation. For our April issue, with Earth Day and spring in mind, and for those of us who spend our fast-paced workdays dealing with COVID-19 and other serious issues, we thought gardening was a particularly good hobby to cover.—Betsy Todd, MPH, RN
Establishing a process to improve the collection of family health history
Authors: Andrusko Danielle , Paradiso Catherine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Knowledge of a person's potential to inherit certain diseases has rapidly become a valuable part of the discussion between provider and patient. Knowing the risk of hereditary disorders allows providers to include screening and diagnostic tests in a timely way. The family heath history is an easy and important tool for identification of risk for genetic diseases, including cancers. A project, which incorporated patient education and technology, was developed to improve the collection of family health history and identify high-risk patients for genetic cancers and/or diseases.
Zebrafish cornea formation and homeostasis reflect robustness in camera-type eye biology, regardless of its environment
Authors: Ikkala Kaisa , Raatikainen Sini , Michon Frederic 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cornea is the transparent tissue covering the camera-type eyes. This position makes this tissue prone to environmental aggressions, and physical alteration can have a drastic negative impact on sight. The current knowledge on zebrafish corneal physiology is too scarce to get an understanding on its strategy to maintain a clear sight in aquatic environment. In this study, we focus on corneal formation and maturation in zebrafish. After describing the morphological changes taking place from 3 days post fertilization to adulthood, we analyzed cell proliferation. We show that label retaining cells appear just before 1 month of age. Our cell proliferation study, combined to the study of Pax6a and krtt1c19e expression, demonstrate a long maturation process. This process ends with a solid patterning of corneal innervation. Finally, corneal abrasion wound healing process recapitulates the maturation process, via a plasticity period. Altogether, our study decipher the maturation steps of an aquatic cornea. These findings will facilitate the use of zebrafish as model of corneal physiology studies.
Newly developing methodologies to investigate health hazards posed by ionizing radiation to human space missions
Authors: Ferrari Franco , Szuszkiewicz Ewa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIonizing radiation is one of the main threats to human space exploration beyond low Earth orbit (BLEO). It is thus of primary importance to determine safe career dose limits for astronauts involved in BLEO missions. In the first part of this work it is shown how the methods of physics and statistics can contribute to its solution. The average equivalent doses received by a hypothetical human crew are established using the data of several robotic missions to the Moon and to Mars. The probabilities of the occurrence of deterministic effects due to radiation that could impair the success of a mission or lower the life expectancy of astronauts are evaluated with the help of a statistical analysis. In the last part of this work it is argued that the use of the so-called 3D models or organoids combined with the methods of precision oncology and molecular medicine could be a good candidate of a strategy in order to predict the insurgence of stochastic effects in humans. On one side, organoids recapitulate several features of the real human organs and their in vivo surroundings. On the other side, we argue with a case study that precision oncology and molecular medicine are able to provide a deeper insight of the onset of cancer following irradiation in space.
The impact of green supply chain management on enterprise environmental performance: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Lei , Yang Daojian , Liu Suxia , Mei Qiang 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the relationships between green supply chain management (GSCM), enterprise environmental performance (EEP) and the moderating role of the market environment, regional culture, sampling area and industry type.

Design/methodology/approach
This study constructed a comprehensive theoretical model and used a meta-analysis of 65 independent samples (total sample size: 14,196) to examine the relationships between GSCM and EEP.

Findings
The results show that GSCM has a moderate positive impact on EEP. Moreover, all dimensions of GSCM positively influence EEP, and internal environmental management has the most significant effect. Additionally, these two relationships can be moderated by the market environment, regional culture, sampling area and industry type.

Originality/value
This study reveals that GSCM can help improve EEP and draw more general and regular conclusions. This study expands the application of meta-analysis methods in GSCM, partly avoiding the limitations of traditional empirical research methods. In addition, the conclusion of this study explains the reasons for the differences in different research results: some scholars did not incorporate market environment, regional culture, sampling area and industry type as moderators in the research process, thus leading to divergent conclusions in the relationship between GSCM and EEP. Therefore, the research conclusion enriches the theoretical research boundary of GSCM.
Pruthi Spices: self-reliant woman entrepreneur
Authors: Sodhi Simran , Dwivedi Amit 
Published: March 2022

Learning outcomes
The case study can be used in management for the course of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship. It is suitable for the students at post-graduate level. Discussion would be the most appropriate method for teaching this case study. There is no prerequisite required to participate in the discussion. Participants will be able to engage in discussion regarding expansion strategies for micro-enterprises; targeting the right segment of the market; exploring the market opportunities; innovation for entrepreneurial growth; and sustaining an enterprise. After this case study, students will be able to understand the following theory and model: SWOT analysis; resource base theory; McKinsey ESG proposition; Porter’s generic strategy; Schumpeter’s innovation theory; Ansoff’s growth model; and diversification strategies.

Case overview/synopsis
Being a micro-enterprise with heavy financial constraints, it was never easy to sustain the business at the time of pandemic. Mrs Jyoti Pruthi (owner of Pruthi Spices) made extraordinary efforts that would help her in survival of her business. She could not recover the business as it was before the pandemic. During such times, the loss of her husband was a setback. That incident broke Mrs Pruthi emotionally as well as financially. By taking some crucial managerial decisions, Mrs Pruthi strategized for the sustainability of her business. Now it was January 2022, after two years of the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in the world. However, because of the market situation, her pressing dilemma was regarding business survival in such lean times.

Complexity academic level
The case is meant for undergraduate and post-graduate students pursuing management with specializations in Entrepreneurship and Marketing. The case is bet fit for women entrepreneurship development capacity-building programs, especially in the Asian region. The case is also suitable for any short-term training program where manifestations of entrepreneurship are being taught. It can also be used for Executive and Management development program aiming at women or disadvantaged entrepreneurship. The case can also be used for general courses like “Strategic Management” and specialized courses like “Entrepreneurship Management”.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Making IT.Integrator a woman-friendly company
Authors: Kukuruza Oksana , Golovkina Natalia , Golovkina Natalia 
Published: March 2022

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: Identify obvious and hidden impediments to women’s careers; offer initiatives that change women’s career opportunities; explore available instruments to change the corporate culture to deal with gender issues management; and identify tools that help secure changes in these uncertain times.

Case overview/Synopsis
The case is based on the situation that Nadia Omelchenko, Vice President of IT.Integrator, the leading Ukrainian systems integration company, faced in 2021, when COVID-19 put her thus-far successful initiatives aimed at promoting women’s careers at risk. In 2020, lockdowns were being imposed and lifted, and remote-work practices were evolving. Most women in the IT sector opted for working from home and infrequent attendance at in-office, face-to-face meetings offices because of increased family responsibilities. Her executive team members had become disgruntled about continuing to invest resources in women’s development programs. They believed that the whole idea of women’s promotion was a waste of time because in critical situations they prioritized family obligations and neglected their managerial responsibilities. One of Omelchenko’s main tasks was to secure the company’s ability to recruit and retain the best talent and reinforce the company’s position in the market. As in many emerging economies, a serious skill shortage was the common refrain in Ukraine. Many employers were facing the need to offer more than just monetary remuneration. Moreover, many Ukrainian IT companies were competing with international companies that had more financial resources and policies in place for retaining talent. This case study examines the Ukrainian IT sector, its legal and regulatory framework, and the implication of COVID-19 for the sector. The gender-equality situation is reviewed. Omelchenko's personal journey toward fostering opportunities for women and diversity, as well as her programs and initiatives to change the corporate culture and unlock women’s potential, are discussed.

Complexity academic level
MBA and Masters students or senior BBA and participants of the executive development programs

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Re-configuring ownership structure, board characteristics and firm value nexus in Malaysia: the role of board gender and ethnic diversity
Authors: Karim Sitara , Naeem Muhammad Abubakr , Ismail Rusmawati Binti 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study serves two objectives; first, it examined the impact of ownership structure and board characteristics on firm value; second, the moderating effects of board gender diversity (women appearance on board) and board ethnic diversity (Chinese, Indian, and Foreign ethnicities) have been examined on the relationship between ownership structure, board characteristics, and firm value.Design/methodology/approachThe dynamic model, system generalized method of moments (S-GMM hereafter), is employed to control potential dynamic endogeneity, reverse causality, simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity persistent in corporate governance-performance relationships during 2006–2017 of 483 Malaysian listed companies.FindingsFindings pertaining to objective one reveal that there is a weak linkage between ownership structure and firm value, whereas board characteristics significantly affect firm performance based on resource dependence theory. While considering the results of objective two, there is mixed evidence of moderating impact of board gender and ethnic diversity on ownership structure, board characteristics and performance nexus.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study are practically significant for regulatory bodies, namely, Bursa Malaysia, Securities Commission (SC) Malaysia, and policymakers to develop guidelines for ownership structure variables. Moreover, Malaysian firms need to disperse their concentrated ownership structure for enhanced firm value. In addition, board characteristics significantly affect firm performance in Malaysian listed companies.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to multiple aspects: first, it examined the impact of ownership structure and board characteristics on firm performance. Second, the moderating effect of board gender and board ethnic diversity contributes to research significant and valuable for the researchers and practitioners. Finally, the study employed S-GMM, controlling for dynamic endogeneity considered a main econometric problem for CG-performance relationships.
Poorer outcomes associated with sarcopenia following emergency laparotomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ng Zi Qin , Cohen Ryan , Misur Philip , Weber Dieter G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the negative effect of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes being well recognized in the elective setting, there remains a paucity of studies describing this phenomenon in the emergency laparotomy (EL) setting. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare short‐ and long‐term postoperative outcomes following EL in patients with and without sarcopenia.MethodsA systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was used to identify studies comparing perioperative outcomes following EL for patients with and without sarcopenia. A subsequent meta‐analysis was conducted. The following data were extracted from the included studies: patient demographics, pathology or type of operation performed for EL, post‐operative mortality at inpatient, 30‐day, 90‐day and 1‐year, and functional outcomes. A quality assessment of included studies was undertaken.ResultsTwelve studies reporting the outcomes of sarcopenia following EL were identified. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with higher 30‐day and 1‐year mortality rates following EL (OR 3.50, P < 0.01; OR 3.49, P < 0.01, respectively). Additionally, sarcopenia was significantly associated with unfavourable functional outcomes at discharge following emergency laparotomy (OR 2.44, p < 0.01).ConclusionOpportunistically identified on cross‐sectional imaging, sarcopenia is a valuable predictor of short‐ and long‐term morbidity and mortality following EL. Further studies are required to identify the most appropriate diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia and better define this physiological phenomenon.
Retinal surgery quality indicators for uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without a national registry
Authors: Carlsson Jan‐Olof , Fricke Otto , Dahlberg Anton , Crafoord Sven 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of analysing quality indicators for uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a hospital department of ophthalmology without the support of a national registry or need to collect data from referring ophthalmological centres.MethodsIn 2014, we operated 231 consecutive eyes with uncomplicated retinal detachment. Our quality indicators were primary anatomical success, final anatomical success and postoperative endophthalmitis. We reviewed medical records in our university surgical department retrospectively and compared them with medical records from the regional hospitals that had referred most of the operated patients and done their own postoperative examination. Our hypothesis was that any retinal re‐detachment and/or serious postoperative complication would be reported back.ResultsThe medical records at the surgical department revealed primary anatomic success for 91.3% of eyes and final anatomical success of 99.6%. The data from the regional hospitals confirmed that our hypothesis was correct. All patients with adverse outcomes were referred back for reoperation. Patients who were not referred again had an attached retina and showed no signs of endophthalmitis.ConclusionOur hypothesis that data in the surgical department's medical records would closely reflect those in referring hospitals was borne out. This supports, under current conditions, an effective strategy for analysing chosen quality indicators without relying on a national registry or reviewing records from regional hospitals.