bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective structured clinical examination: Challenges and opportunities from students’ perspective
Authors: Alkhateeb Nazdar , Salih Abubakir Majeed , Shabila Nazar , Al-Dabbagh Ali 
Published: September 2022

Background
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) has been used in evaluating clinical competence in health professions education around the world. Despite its implementation in Iraq for around a decade, limited studies investigated the challenges and opportunities to improve the standard and quality of this examination from student’s perspective.

Methods
This qualitative study was based on an online open-ended questionnaire survey that was carried out in the College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Iraq at the beginning of the 2018–2019 academic year. A convenience sample of 180 students in the clinical phase (4th, 5th, and 6th) year of study were invited to participate.

Results
A total of 141 students responded to the online questionnaire. The participants were generally happy with the OSCE, and they recognized many positive aspects, including the role of the OSCE in increasing confidence, engagement and motivating learning, the role of the OSCE in achieving a higher level of learning, the content validity of the OSCE, and the quality of the OSCE. The main weak points of the OSCE identified by the students included unfairness, gender discrimination, duration of the OSCE, and the behavior of the examiners. Suggestions to improve the OSCE examination included improving the examiners’ behavior, with the focus on the training of the examiners, and avoiding discrimination among students.

Conclusions
Most of the students were generally satisfied with the current OSCE examination. The main concern of the students was related to the organization of the OSCE. Valuable suggestions were raised to improve the OSCE quality including examiners’ and simulated patients’ training.
URGENSITAS MEDIATOR DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARIAH di PENGADILAN AGAMA PURBALINGGA
Authors: Triana Nita 
Published: September 2022

Perma nomor 1 tahun 2016 tentang Prosedur Mediasi di Pengadilan mengatur peran mediator dalam mediasi. Namun, kenyataannya hal ini sering tidak dianggap penting dan cenderung diabaikan sehingga mediasi sering tidak berhasil dan sengketa pada akhirnya diselesaikan dengan jalur litigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis urgensi peran mediator di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga dalam keberhasilan mediasi di bidang ekonomi syariah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum non doktrinal, dengan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa di Pengadilan Agama Purbalingga mediator memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam keberhasilan mediasi di bidang ekonomi syariah. Mediator di Pengadian Agama Purbalingga memiliki keterampilan dan taktik. Keterampilan yang paling dibutuhkan adalah keterampilan berunding/negosiasi dengan tetap mempertahankan perdamaian, sedangkan taktik yang paling dibutuhkan adalah taktik yang bersifat informatif dan mendesak para pihak untuk mengadakan pertemuan, dan melakukan tawar menawar.
Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System with Pancasila Perspective as an Open Justice System
Authors: Adawiyah Robiatul , Rozah Umi 
Published: September 2022

The criminal justice system should be an embodiment of values of Pancasila. Few cases raised concerns and questioned Pancasila’s practice because it hurt community justice sense. Pancasila must be reflected in criminal law enforcement. The criminal justice system is open whose operation is influenced by the environment the subsystems's operation, it is very important to be studied comprehensively. This article discusses the Indonesian criminal justice system with a Pancasila perspective; Indonesian criminal justice system with the concept of Pancasila as an open criminal justice system; subsystem in the Indonesian criminal justice system has the concept of Pancasila as an open criminal justice system. The research method in this article is normative with philosophy approach. The results showed that criminal justice system has Pancasila perspective, means that it must prioritize humanity, the balance of the interests of perpetrators and victims, the justice of God, humanity and society (substantive justice). As an open system, it does not work in solitaire in a vacuum, but must pay attention to legal values and community justice sense so that the working of it is more contextual in applying criminal law to achieve its success. And all subsystems in the criminal justice system have basically been based on Pancasila as an open justice system.
Criminal Law Policy of Justice Collaborator in Corruption Crime Case
Authors: Nugroho Khrisna Lintang Satrio 
Published: September 2022

Trial of criminal law cases is highly important to prove misconduct in a case. In respect to the evidence of corruption criminal act, an insider is needed as a perpetrator of the offence who works with the investigators, or usually called justice collaborator. The main focus of this study is to examine criminal law policy on the concept of justice collaborator in corruption criminal act and how the legal punishment is for justice collaborators in corruption criminal act. This study is a descriptive research using juridical normative approach. Data used in this study were secondary data. Case study approach was applied in this study. This means that the researcher makes a comparison of cases on the implementation of justice collaborator which is based on a study of a verdict. According to the result of the research, it is indicated that up to now there has not been conformity in terms of legal regulations or interpretation of the concept of Whistle blower and Justice Collaborator. There has not been mutual understanding in terms of the conviction of the perpetrator who is willing to work with the investigators to uncover a corruption criminal act. This leads to disparity in the making of verdict for the offender.
The Urgency of Criminal Code Bill Ratification in Criminal Law Policy Frame on The Spreading of Pornographic Content Offence
Authors: Makaminan Aldo Andrieyan Putra , Soponyono Eko 
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, the crime of spreading pornographic content as one form of cybercrimes has developed into a frequent offence. This offence has inflicted a lot of damage psychologically and materially for those who become the victims because, with internet access available in cyber space, the spread of pornographic materials is faster, wider, and easier to be accessed by public. The aim of this study is to review criminal law policy on the handling of pornographic content spreading offence according to the present and the future positive law. This study used normative juridical method, a method which analyzed a problem based on ius constitutum and ius constituendum. Criminal Code and Special Criminal Act such as Pornographic Act and Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) have not clearly regulated pornographic content spreading crime in Indonesia and have not been able to countermeasure this type of crime. This problem occurs in part because regulations are applicable specifically for offence containing pornographic element, but not applicable for the spread. Criminal Code Bill needs to be ratified because the Bill regulates the offence related to pornographic contents which is suitable to the condition and issue arising in Indonesia recently. In comparison to regulations on offence related to pornographic content spreading in various countries, the author found that each country adjusts the law related to pornographic content spreading according to the type of issues they face. Thus, Indonesia also needs to make a legal product that can suppress the spread of pornographic materials.
Contextualization of Legal Protection of Intellectual Property in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Disemadi Hari Sutra 
Published: September 2022

The growing number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has brought about big potential for the implementation of intellectual property protection. The management and the ability to create is an essential key to develop intellectual property. According to this issue, this study is aimed at investigating and analyzing the contextualization of legal protection of intellectual property in the development of MSMEs in Indonesia. Doctrinal legal research method was applied in this study. This legal study emphasizes on the conception that law can be seen as a set of laws and regulations which are systematically arranged based on a certain hierarchical order. The result of the study shows that MSMEs and intellectual property are two inseparable entities. One of the government efforts to develop MSMEs in Indonesia is by simplifying MSME regulation through the implementation of omnibus law in order to avoid overlapping of regulations which may lead to complicated bureaucracy. Another finding of this study is that basically the protection of intellectual property is considered highly important for the vendors of MSMEs. The implementation of legal protection for the vendors of MSMEs and their intellectual properties provides opportunity for the business owners to maximize the economic value of their intellectual property. Intellectual property rights can be collateral to obtain banking credit because intellectual property rights are admitted as property that its ownership can be handed over.
The Supreme Court's Authority: Judicial Review of Statutes and By-Laws of Political Parties against Laws
Authors: Bachmid Fahri , Rachmitasari Diani Indah 
Published: September 2022

The debate about the authority of the Supreme Court to examine the Statutes and bylaws of Political Parties against the Law has become a problem in the practice of law in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the nature of the Supreme Court's authority to examine the Statutes and bylaws of political parties against the law. This research is a normative legal research. The data collection technique used in this research is literature study. The analytical technique used in this research is hermeneutic analysis method and interpretation. The results of this study indicate that political parties as public legal entities are present in all aspects of government and have an important contribution in determining the direction of constitutional development in Indonesia. Ratification of the Articles of association and by-laws of Political Parties based on a Ministerial Decree and announced in the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia. In this case, the Statutes and bylaws of a political party are statutory regulations under laws and Ministerial Decrees. The Supreme Court must carry out its supervisory function, including testing the Statutes and bylaws of political parties that are in conflict with the Law on Political Parties. This study concludes that the Supreme Court exercises broad powers as judge made law, especially in dealing with complex cases, such as the Statutes and bylaws issues of political parties.
Verschwörungstheorien zu 9/11
Authors: Butter Michael 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article discusses 9/11 conspiracy theories with a focus on the United States and Europe. After defining conspiracy theories – and thus distinguishing conspiracy theories about the attacks of September 11, 2001, from the official version, which also revolves around a conspiracy – the article traces the emergence of these theories and their development over the twenty years since the attacks. As I show, 9/11 conspiracy theories emerged quickly after the events. However, for two years they were far more popular in Germany and France where they were fueled by anti-Americanism than in the United States where they only gained traction with the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Their popularity peaked around 2005 with the release of the Loose Change films online, but they never went out of fashion entirely. As is typical of conspiracy theories revolving around specific events, they were over time integrated in larger conspiracist narratives such as that of the “Great Replacement.” People who believe in 9/11 conspiracy theories – just as those who believe in others – should not be dismissed as mentally ill, as their beliefs can be symptoms of real anxieties and grievances.
Der 11. September 2001 als Epochenbruch
Authors: Schulze Reinhard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In world public opinion, the events of September 11, 2001, are often interpreted as the beginning of a new epoch. It seems as if the attacks on the twin towers of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon buildings near Washington were the initial spark for a change not only in the Middle Eastern world, but also intervened in the relations between the Middle East, the Islamic world and the West. We are still far from defining the period in which September 11 took place as a time between two epochs, i.e., as an epochal threshold. However, there are sufficient indicators that justify assuming the process a rupture of an existing epochal order. An approach to the question, which caesura the events of September 11 meant, and in which process of upheaval this caesura took place, requires to visualize again which consequences and which backgrounds had related to the events themselves. For this purpose, I will proceed in six steps, which, however, will be formulated in very different breadth. I will focus on religion, political representation, and social change. There are good reasons to assume that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, did not define a caesura in the narrow sense, but should be interpreted as part of a profound social, cultural, and political change. We must assume that this change has been part of a global process of rupture and that we can define the period in which the terror of September 11, 2001, took place as an epochal break. This epochal break affects not only epistemic orders, but above all the normative order marked by the balance of society and religion.
Ankle Rehabilitation Robotic Systems for domestic use – a systematic review
Authors: Shah Nazar Peiman , Pott Peter P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Robotic assistance in rehabilitation procedures has gained increasing popularity for both scientists and patients. However, aside from the practicality and safety issues, the ability to motivate patients to pursue rehabilitation therapy is a hindrance and is still limiting the domestic usage of Ankle Rehabilitation Robotic Systems (ARRS). Most of the available ARRS are either applicable under clinical setups, or are dull to operate. New advancements have led to the fusion of virtual realities (VR) and augmented realities (AR) with ARRS. This paper presents a classification of contemporary ARRS based on their usability and practicality along with required modifications to make them befitting for domestic use. A systemic literature search is applied for these systems on Web of Science and PubMed databases and the search is confined to the last twelve years’ research from 2011 to 2022. Among the 219 found systems, 4 use VR, AR, or gamification. Generally, having the rehabilitation therapy equipped with novel interfaces, patients improve their motor function.
Onset Detection of Pulse-Shaped Bioelectrical Signals Using Linear State Space Models
Authors: Waldmann Frédéric , Baeriswyl Christof , Andonie Raphael , Wildhaber Reto A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bioelectrical signals are often pulse-shaped with superimposed interference signals. In this context, accurate identification of features such as pulse onsets, peaks, amplitudes, and duration is a frequent problem. In this paper, we present a versatile method of rather low computational complexity to robustly identify such features in real-world signals. For that, we take use of two straight-line models fit to the observations by minimizing a quadratic cost term, and then identify desired features by tweaked likelihood measures. To demonstrate the idea and facilitate access to the method, we provide examples from the field of cardiology.
Explaining Machine Learning Predictions of Decision Support Systems in Healthcare
Authors: Polat Erdeniz Seda , Veeranki Sai , Schrempf Michael , Jauk Stefanie , Ngoc Trang Tran Thi , Felfernig Alexander , Kramer Diether , Leodolter Werner 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, which are often based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, are also applied in the healthcare domain to provide predictions to physicians and patients based on electronic health records (EHRs), such as history of laboratory values, applied procedures and diagnoses. The question about these predictions “Why Should I Trust You?” encapsulates the issue with ML black boxes. Therefore, explaining the reasons for these ML predictions to physicians and patients is crucial to allow them to decide whether the prediction is applicable or not. In this paper, we explained and evaluated two prediction explanation methods for healthcare professionals (physicians and nurses). We compared two model-agnostic explanation methods based on global feature importance and local feature importance. We evaluated the user trust and reliance (UTR) for the explanation results of each method in a user study based on real patients’ electronic health records (EHR) and the feedback of healthcare professionals. Based on the user study, we observed that both methods have strengths and weaknesses according to the patients’ data, especially based on the data size of the patient. When the amount of data is small, global feature importance is enough to use. However, when the patient’s data size is big, using a local feature importance method makes more sense. As future work, we will develop a hybrid explanation method (by combining these methods automatically with a smart setting) to obtain higher and more stable performance results in terms of user trust and reliance.
Impact of Annotation Noise on Histopathology Nucleus Segmentation
Authors: Schilling Marcel P. , Ahuja Niket , Rettenberger Luca , Scherr Tim , Reischl Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Deep learning is often used for automated diagnosis support in biomedical image processing scenarios. Annotated datasets are essential for the supervised training of deep neural networks. The problem of consistent and noise-free annotation remains for experts such as pathologists. The variability within an annotator (intra) and the variability between annotators (inter) are current challenges. In clinical practice or biology, instance segmentation is a common task, but a comprehensive and quantitative study regarding the impact of noisy annotations lacks. In this paper, we present a concept to categorize and simulate various types of annotation noise as well as an evaluation of the impact on deep learning pipelines. Thereby, we use the multi-organ histology image dataset MoNuSeg to discuss the influence of annotator variability. We provide annotation recommendations for clinicians to achieve high-quality automated diagnostic algorithms.
Novel replaceable EEG electrode system
Authors: Fauzhan Warsito Indhika , Fiedler Patrique , Komosar Milana , Haueisen Jens 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Due to the direct contact between electrode and scalp, dry EEG electrodes are exposed to increased mechanical wear compared to conventional gel-based electrodes. However, state-of-the-art commercial cap systems commonly use permanently fixated electrodes which can lead to downtime of the EEG cap during professional repair and replacement as well as reduced overall lifetime. An easily replaceable EEG electrode would furthermore improve hygiene, especially for newborn and infant applications. We propose a novel replaceable electrode system, consisting of an electrode holder, a snap top, a contact ring fixated inside the electrode holder, and a replaceable electrode. The production process consists of 3D printing, silicone molding, resin casting, and electroless plating. The replaceable electrode system is integrated into a multichannel EEG cap system. A verification study is conducted with 30 volunteers. The operators experienced that the new electrode holder eases adjustment of the electrode to have proper contact with the scalp. During the study, defective electrodes can be replaced without a soldering process. Furthermore, all electrodes stayed in the holder and did not fall off the cap for the whole session. In conclusion, the novel replaceable electrode system is suitable for EEG measurements.
YOLO networks for polyp detection: A human-in-the-loop training approach
Authors: Eixelberger Thomas , Wolkenstein Gabriel , Hackner Ralf , Bruns Volker , Mühldorfer Steffen , Geissler Udo , Belle Sebastian , Wittenberg Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Early detection of adenomas and polyps is one central goal of colonoscopic screening programs. As the adenoma detection rate (ADR) depends on the experience of the endoscopist, AI-based polyp detection systems can be used for real-time assistance. Hence, to support the physicians such AI-based systems using deep-convolutional neural networks (DCNNS) have been introduced in the past years. One disadvantage of these techniques is the need of a huge amount of labeled training data. Method: We investigate a "human-in-the-loop approach" to minimize the required time to generate labeled training data. The approach is evaluated within the training a YOLOv4 neural network to detect polyps in colonoscopic image data. The performance metrics of the neural network are evaluated on three public datasets. Results: The performance of the YOLO network increased from a precision of 0.88, recall of 0.83, F1 score of 0.86, and a F2 score of 0.86 to a precision of 0.91, recall of 0.87, F1 = of 0.89, and F2 = of 0.88. The interactive labelling of 1,000 images only takes one hours. Conclusion: The proposed "human-in-theloop approach" is capable of generating labelled image data in a minimum of time while increasing the performance metrics as well. For higher performance increase more data can now be labeled within this new approach.
Automatic Localization of an Ultrasound Probe with the Help of Magnetic Sensors
Authors: Bald Christin , Bergholz Robert , Schmidt Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ultrasound measurements are a widely used instrument in clinical practice. For later traceability of the images, the position (and orientation) of the ultrasound probe must be recorded during the measurement. Until now this has to be done manually by the physician. An easier and more accurate approach would be the automatic tracking of the ultrasound probe. This contribution shows a first approach for automatically localizing the ultrasonic head during measurement. The proposed method is based on coils surrounding the patient bed and a 3D magnetic sensor placed on the ultrasound head. Besides some pre- and postprocessing steps, the proposed localization algorithm is based on trilateration followed by a least mean squares approach for refinement of the estimation. In a first proof-of-concept measurement with fixed positions and orientations of the ultrasound head a mean accuracy of 2.85 cm and 8.94 ◦was achieved. Additionally, a measurement with a moving ultrasound head is presented to demonstrate the real-time capability of the system. Finally, future steps for improving the automatic measurement are discussed, including a graphical user interface for the physician and the use of magnetoelectric sensors for measurement.