bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development through the effect of board diversity and CEO duality on corporate risk: Does the state‐owned enterprises matter?
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo date, not much research has been devoted to analyzing the impact of some corporate governance mechanisms (board diversity and CEO duality) on corporate risk. Consequently, we believe that it is necessary to study such topic in greater depth. The aim of this research is to provide further evidence of the impact that board diversity, specifically board specific skills, board tenure and board cultural diversity, as well as CEO duality, have on corporate risk. Additionally, our study also examines the moderating role of the state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) on the association between the three characteristics of board diversity and corporate risk, and between CEO duality and corporate risk. The theoretical framework used in this research is based on agency theory and resource dependence theory. The findings show that board specific skills and board cultural diversity have a negative effect on corporate risk, while board tenure does not affect it. On the other hand, CEO duality has a negative effect, which is against the prediction of our hypothesis. Our evidence also reveals a negative moderating effect of SOEs on the impact of board specific skills, board tenure and board cultural diversity on corporate risk. Additionally, SOEs do not moderate the negative impact of CEO duality on corporate risk. Our research contributes to past literature on corporate risk by concluding that some corporate governance mechanisms like board specific skills, board cultural diversity and CEO duality lessen it. The moderating role performed by SOEs with the relationship between board specific skills, board culture diversity, board tenure and corporate risk is also a relevant contribution.
Modeling probability density functions of velocity fluctuations in wind farms
Authors: Kreienkamp Kim L. , Wilczek Michael 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe flow in large wind farms is a complex multiscale phenomenon, making comprehensive analytical or computational studies of velocity fluctuations challenging. Motivated by the need for simple, physics‐based analytical approaches to short‐time wind velocity prediction, we derive a statistical model for the spatio‐temporal evolution of streamwise velocity fluctuations in wind farms. Here, we show that the one‐point—one‐time probability density function of velocity fluctuations can be modeled by a weighted superposition of two Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck processes. The model is extended to a one‐particle advection model assuming Taylor's hypothesis of frozen turbulence. We find that our advection model captures the decorrelation process of streamwise velocity fluctuations observed in experiments.
Technology-Enabled Assessment and Improvement of Inclusive Learning and Quality of Life in Higher Education
Authors: Toledo-Rodriguez Maria , Boillat Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEducational efforts and achievement in an individual’s youth influence their life-long social status and quality of life. Historically, higher education’s teaching relied on passive learning of hour’s long monologues delivered in person. This system puts in clear disadvantage and reduces the quality of life of many students who cannot attend lectures or keep up with the pace of learning. Fortunately, the current technology-led paradigm shift in undergraduate teaching and learning, addresses these challenges.Here we investigated: (1) what are the current assessment methods for cognitive state, memory and learning in healthy populations? (2) What types of platforms and tools offer alternative ways of learning and interacting in classrooms?; How can these platforms (3) support assessment of students’ cognitive state and learning process? and (4) support students with specific needs? To answer (1), we conducted scoping review on the current instruments and scales.; for (2) we interviewed digital learners, researchers, and faculty and created a list of platforms and tools, which were further analyzed to answer the last questions.We found that digital tools allow students to: (a) access course material remotely, (b) engage with classmates in groups/forums (c) work collaboratively on shared documents and (d) provide feedback and communicate anonymously with classmates and lecturers during and/or after lectures.We show that, while learning platforms and tools can adapt learning to the students’ abilities, learners and lectures require additional training/paradigm shift to fully benefit. We present results and discuss design implications for technologies, which, could boost learning and attainment of educational goals, particularly for “non-traditional” learners.
Role of Technology-Enabled Tools for Measuring Financial Resources and Improving Quality of Life
Authors: Branin Joan Julia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn individual’s financial resources are directly related to their ability to meet current and future needs. Higher levels of financial assets and lower debt have been found to be positively associated with financial satisfaction. On the other hand, inadequate financial resources can lead to financial strain and financial distress. According to the WHOQOL theoretical model, financial resources refer to a person’s view of how his/her financial resources, the extent to which these resources meet the needs for a healthy and comfortable lifestyle, and what the person can afford or cannot afford which might affect quality of life. Few studies have addressed the impact of financial resources and financial burden on quality of life and the role of QoL technology-enabled tools for measuring and managing financial resource and improving quality of life. This chapter reviews the literature about (1) the effects of financial resources and financial burden on treatment outcomes and overall quality of life; (2) the state-of-art tools for measuring financial resources by individuals and financial and health professionals; (3) the evaluation of Web-based interventions for enhancing financial resource management; and (4) the behavioral and technology-related factors for successful adoption of QoL technology-enabled methods and financial resource management tools for improving individual life satisfaction and financial well-being.
Assessing Activity of Daily Living through Technology-Enabled Tools: Mobility and Nutrition Assessment: MiranaBot: A Nutrition Assessment Use Case
Authors: Randriambelonoro Mirana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractActivities of Daily Living (ADLs) refers to the fundamental skills required to care for one-self and live independently and includes dressing, feeding, personal hygiene, continence and transferring. Assessing ADLs is therefore essential, especially for vulnerable population who may need assistance in performing these activities. As current validated scales to measure ADLs capacity are often dependent of an informant or a caregiver and are mainly performed in the controlled settings of the hospital, using technology-enabled tools could benefit individual’s health in terms of disease prevention and treatment but would also enhance individual’s quality of life and independence. This chapter presents 4 standard validated scales for ADLs and the current research activities on the use of technologies to assess one’s ability to perform ADLs, mainly indoor-outdoor mobility and nutrition. A nutrition assessment use case through a conversational agent is presented in the second part of the chapter. Future opportunities for technology-enabled ADL assessment are discussed.
The Importance of Smartphone Connectivity in Quality of Life
Authors: De Masi Alexandre , Wac Katarzyna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMobile network connectivity enables individuals to use various Internet-based applications and is nowadays an integral part of the physical environment. More specifically, this connectivity shapes individuals’ modes of gathering information and their communication capabilities. In turn, this impacts the individual’s decision-making and, in the long term, may influence their health and quality of life (QoL). This chapter focuses on longitudinal modeling of the availability of mobile connectivity such as Wi-Fi and 3G or 4G for individuals living in the Geneva area (Switzerland). We analyze connectivity over 5 years (2015–2020) based on data collected from 110 mQoL (mobile QoL) Living Lab participants. The participants are from three different cohorts corresponding to distinct data collection periods (2015–2017, 2018–2019, 2020). We derive four features that quantify an individual’s connectivity level: the network access technology (Wi-Fi or cellular), signal strength, the overall data consumption (upload and download), and the participants’ mobility patterns while connected. We also compare the connectivity levels of the three cohorts over time. Our findings reflect the relations between mobile connectivity and the smartphone network activity of the mQoL study cohorts during their daily activities, which may impact their QoL. We summarize the results and conclude this chapter by exploring the different QoL technologies and services enabled by mobile connectivity. However, the effects of connectivity on specific QoL domains, such as psychological aspects (i.e., positive/negative feelings) or social relationships, should be investigated further.
Quantifying Mobility in Quality of Life
Authors: Mayo Nancy E. , Mate Kedar K. V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the evidence linking mobility to quality of life (QoL). The findings showed that the operationalization of QoL varied across studies covering measures of physical or mental health, general health perception, life satisfaction, participation, illness intrusiveness, health-related QoL (HRQL) and global quality of life. These outcomes are sometimes single items or uni-dimensional constructs and sometimes profile measures, rendering the interpretation of findings in our context difficult. This complexity led to a revelation that one could think of QOL of the person differently from the QoL of the body. QoL of the person is best reflected through global QOL measures including those of life satisfaction whereas QoL of the body is reflected in outcomes related to aspects of function including physical, emotional, or psychological impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. This chapter will focus on the general construct of mobility, which is considered an activity limitation, and on the causes of limited mobility, impairments of structures and functions needed for mobility. A distinction is made between the between the person’s QoL and the body’s QoL. While the person’s QOL is best self-expressed, the body’s QOL could be monitored in real-time with the assistance of a growing portfolio of personal, wearable technologies. The chapter ends with thoughts about how QoL of the body, and especially mobility, could be monitored and what that future may look like.
Verteidiger und Entdecker: Zugehörigkeitskonzepte, Bedrohungswahrnehmungen und grundsätzliche politische und gesellschaftliche Einstellungen
Authors: Back Mitja , Echterhoff Gerald , Müller Olaf , Pollack Detlef , Schlipphak Bernd 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Kap. 2 stellen wir die Gruppen der Entdecker und Verteidiger ausführlich vor. Mithilfe von Latenten Profilanalysen zeigen wir zunächst, wie sich diese beiden Gruppen über ihre unterschiedlichen Grade an Bedrohungswahrnehmungen und Zugehörigkeitskonzepten ausdifferenzieren. Wir demonstrieren weiterhin, dass diese Gruppen sich auch über unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungen politischer Repräsentation und gesellschaftlicher Marginalisierung auszeichnen. Diese Wahrnehmungen, so zeigen unsere länderübergreifenden Befunde, hängen jedoch vom politischen Kontext eines Landes ab. Im Hinblick auf die gesellschaftliche Prägekraft des Identitätskonflikts als Konfliktlinie demonstrieren wir darüber hinaus, dass sich diese Gruppen auch in ihren soziodemographischen, sozioökonomischen und -kulturellen, religiösen und psychologischen Merkmalen deutlich voneinander unterscheiden.
Häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQ) in der Risikokommunikation zu COVID-19: Erstellung und Bedeutung als interinstitutionelles Krisenreaktionsinstrument
Authors: Seefeld Linda , Frentz Florentine , Horstkötter Nina , Peter Christoph , Dietrich Martin 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Ergänzung des Nationalen Pandemieplans zur Bewältigung der COVID-19-Pandemie ist festgelegt, dass die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) über die Internetseite www.infektionsschutz.de Informationsmaterial zum Coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 für die Allgemeinbevölkerung zur Verfügung stellt. Dieses soll insbesondere Antworten auf häufig gestellte Fragen (FAQ) sowie Verhaltensempfehlungen zur Prävention beinhalten.Dieser Artikel beschreibt, wie die Ad-hoc-Erstellung von Informationsinhalten in Form von FAQ erfolgt und welche Bedeutung diese in der Krisenkommunikation haben. Dabei wird der Wandel der FAQ vom einfachen Informationsangebot zum interinstitutionellen Krisenreaktionsinstrument (Rapid Reaction Tool) im Rahmen einer agilen Kommunikation zum Coronavirus deutlich. Im Sinne einer kongruenten und tagesaktuellen Informationsbereitstellung ist eine enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Institutionen erforderlich. Die Arbeits- und Abstimmungsprozesse sowie verschiedene Vorgehensweisen bei der Aktualisierung werden vorgestellt.Aus den beschriebenen und bewerteten Arbeitsprozessen können theoretische Implikationen für die Krisenkommunikation und das Krisenmanagement – insbesondere die Zusammenarbeit zwischen verschiedenen Institutionen – abgeleitet werden. Auch können sie von anderen Institutionen als Beispiel für „gute Praxis“ aufgegriffen und ggf. weiterentwickelt und auf andere Kontexte übertragen werden.
Deficits in episodic future thinking following acute alcohol consumption
Authors: Elliott Morgan , Terrett Gill , Curran H. Valerie , De Bono Natalie , Rendell Peter G. , Henry Julie D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Acute alcohol consumption adversely affects many cognitive abilities, including episodic memory and executive functioning. However, no study to date has tested whether these acute effects of alcohol also extend to episodic future thinking (EFT). This is a surprising omission given that EFT refers to the ability to imagine oneself experiencing the future, a highly adaptive ability that has been implicated in many important functional behaviours. EFT is also thought to impose demands on episodic memory and executive control.

Objectives
The current study was designed to provide the first test of whether a moderate dose of alcohol influences EFT and whether any observed EFT difficulties are secondary to broader problems in episodic memory and executive functioning. Sex differences in EFT following acute alcohol consumption were also examined.

Methods
One hundred and twenty-four healthy adult social drinkers were recruited and randomly assigned to either the alcohol (n = 61) or placebo (n = 63) condition. Participants were administered a dose of 0.6 g/kg alcohol or a matched placebo drink.

Results
Relative to the placebo condition, EFT was impaired by acute alcohol consumption. This impairment was underpinned by broader difficulties with episodic memory, but not executive functioning. There were no sex differences in EFT performance following acute alcohol use.

Conclusion
These data provide novel insights into the effects of acute alcohol consumption on EFT and the broader cognitive mechanisms that contribute to these difficulties. The results are discussed in relation to their implications for understanding many of the maladaptive behaviours commonly associated with acute alcohol use.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteremia is Associated with Higher Mortality in Acute Calculous Cholangitis as Compared to Escherichia coli Bacteremia
Authors: Chan Kai Siang , Shelat Vishal G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute cholangitis (AC) is a potentially life‐threatening infection involving the biliary system. The two commonest bacteria involved are Escherichia coli (EC) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). Microbiology is a prognostic factor for several pathologies but not for AC. We aim to investigate clinical outcomes between KP bacteremia vs. EC bacteremia in AC.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with calculous AC (January–December 2016). Study outcomes include the length of hospitalization stay, in‐hospital mortality, 30‐day, and 90‐day mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to establish correlations.ResultsWe included 141 patients (KP (n = 29), EC (n = 112)) with overall median age of 82.2 and similar gender distribution. Most patients had Grade II AC (n = 59, 41.8%). Patient demographics were comparable. KP bacteremia had lower median platelet count (KP:168 × 109/L vs. EC:200 × 109/L; p = 0.025). Overall 30‐day and 90‐day mortality were 9.2 and 10.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed KP bacteremia had higher 30‐day (Odds ratio (OR) 6.09, (95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.27–29.10), p = 0.024) and 90‐day mortality (OR 6.10, 95% CI: 1.39–26.76, p = 0.017). The length of hospitalization stay was comparable. Subgroup analysis of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram patients showed comparable outcomes.ConclusionKP bacteremia is associated with lower platelet count and higher 30‐day and 90‐day mortality than EC. More studies are required to establish if inferior outcomes of KP bacteremia are associated with antimicrobial resistance.
Functional cross-species conservation of guanylate-binding proteins in innate immunity
Authors: Schelle Luca , Côrte-Real João Vasco , Esteves Pedro José , Abrantes Joana , Baldauf Hanna-Mari 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGuanylate binding proteins (GBPs) represent an evolutionary ancient protein family widely distributed among eukaryotes. They are interferon (IFN)-inducible guanosine triphosphatases that belong to the dynamin superfamily. GBPs are known to have a major role in the cell-autonomous innate immune response against bacterial, parasitic and viral infections and are also involved in inflammasome activation. Evolutionary studies depicted that GBPs present a pattern of gain and loss of genes in each family with several genes pseudogenized and some genes more divergent, indicative for the birth-and-death evolution process. Most species harbor large GBP gene clusters encoding multiple paralogs. Previous functional studies mainly focused on mouse and human GBPs, but more data are becoming available, broadening the understanding of this multifunctional protein family. In this review, we will provide new insights and give a broad overview about GBP evolution, conservation and their roles in all studied species, including plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, revealing how far the described features of GBPs can be transferred to other species.
Is CT-based body composition associated with long-term chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in colorectal cancer survivors?
Authors: Smit Debbie , Mols Floortje , Bonhof Cynthia S. , Bours Martijn J. L. , Vreugdenhil Gerard , Beijer Sandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, and the severity is mainly dependent on the chemotherapy dose. Nowadays, chemotherapy dose is based on body surface area, while determination based on more accurate measures of body composition may be better. This study aimed to investigate the association between body composition and long-term CIPN among CRC survivors 2–11 years after diagnosis.MethodsData from CRC survivors from the population-based PROFILES registry were used. Survivors were included when they received chemotherapy, filled in the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20, and had a computed tomography (CT) scan at diagnosis (n = 202). Total, sensory, motor, and autonomic CIPN were based upon the EORTC QLQ-CIPN20. The abdominal CT scans were used to determine skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle density (SMD), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between CIPN outcomes and body composition variables.ResultsCIPN was experienced by 64% of the CRC survivors several years after chemotherapy. More SAT was associated with a higher odds of reporting total CIPN (OR = 1.01 95% CI 1.00–1.01,p = 0.01), motor CIPN (OR = 1.01 95% CI 1.00–1.01,p = 0.01), and sensory CIPN (OR = 1.01 95% CI 1.00–1.01,p = 0.04). No associations of other body composition parameters with CIPN were observed.ConclusionOnly SAT was associated with total, motor, and sensory CIPN. Based on these results, we cannot conclude that determining the chemotherapy dose based on body composition is preferred over determining the chemotherapy dose based on body surface to prevent CIPN. More research is needed to assess associations of body composition with CIPN, a common side effect of chemotherapy.
Comprehensive analysis of codon usage pattern in Withania somnifera and its associated pathogens: Meloidogyne incognita and Alternaria alternata
Authors: Chandan Jyoti , Gupta Suruchi , Babu Vikash , Singh Deepika , Singh Ravail 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeloidogyne incognita (Root-knot nematode) and Alternaria alternata (fungus) were among the dominant parasites of the medicinal plant Withania somnifera. Despite the fatal nature of their infection, a comprehensive study to explore their evolution and adaptation is lacking. The present study elucidates evolutionary and codon usage bias analysis of W. somnifera (host plant), M. incognita (root-knot nematode) and A. alternata (fungal parasite). The results of the present study revealed a weak codon usage bias prevalent in all the three organisms. Based on the nucleotide analysis, genome of W. somnifera and M. incognita was found to be A-T biased while A. alternata had GC biased genome. We found high similarity of CUB pattern between host and its nematode pathogen as compared to the fungal pathogen. Inclusively, both the evolutionary forces influenced the CUB in host and its associated pathogens. However, neutrality plot indicated the pervasiveness of natural selection on CUB of the host and its pathogens. Correspondence analysis revealed the dominant effect of mutation on CUB of W. somnifera and M. incognita while natural selection was the main force affecting CUB of A. alternata. Taken together the present study would provide some prolific insight into the role of codon usage bias in the adaptability of pathogens to the host’s environment for establishing parasitic relationship.