bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An epigenome-wide study of DNA methylation profiles and lung function among American Indians in the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Domingo-Relloso Arce , Riffo-Campos Angela L. , Powers Martha , Tellez-Plaza Maria , Haack Karin , Brown Robert H. , Umans Jason G. , Fallin M. Daniele , Cole Shelley A. , Navas-Acien Ana , Sanchez Tiffany R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation (DNAm), are often related to environmental exposures, and are increasingly recognized as key processes in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease. American Indian communities have a high burden of lung disease compared to the national average. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of DNAm and lung function in the Strong Heart Study (SHS). We conducted a cross-sectional study of American Indian adults, 45–74 years of age who participated in the SHS. DNAm was measured using the Illumina Infinium Human MethylationEPIC platform at baseline (1989–1991). Lung function was measured via spirometry, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), at visit 2 (1993–1995). Airflow limitation was defined as FEV1 < 70% predicted and FEV1/FVC < 0.7, restriction was defined as FEV1/FVC > 0.7 and FVC < 80% predicted, and normal spirometry was defined as FEV1/FVC > 0.7, FEV1 > 70% predicted, FVC > 80% predicted. We used elastic-net models to select relevant CpGs for lung function and spirometry-defined lung disease. We also conducted bioinformatic analyses to evaluate the biological plausibility of the findings.

Results
Among 1677 participants, 21.2% had spirometry-defined airflow limitation and 13.6% had spirometry-defined restrictive pattern lung function. Elastic-net models selected 1118 Differentially Methylated Positions (DMPs) as predictors of airflow limitation and 1385 for restrictive pattern lung function. A total of 12 DMPs overlapped between airflow limitation and restrictive pattern. EGFR, MAPK1 and PRPF8 genes were the most connected nodes in the protein–protein interaction network. Many of the DMPs targeted genes with biological roles related to lung function such as protein kinases.

Conclusion
We found multiple differentially methylated CpG sites associated with chronic lung disease. These signals could contribute to better understand molecular mechanisms involved in lung disease, as assessed systemically, as well as to identify patterns that could be useful for diagnostic purposes. Further experimental and longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether DNA methylation has a causal role in lung disease.
Molecular mechanism of interaction between fatty acid delta 6 desaturase and acyl-CoA by computational prediction
Authors: Cui Jie , Chen Haiqin , Tang Xin , Zhang Hao , Chen Yong Q. , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnzyme catalyzed desaturation of intracellular fatty acids plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes related to lipids. Limited to the multiple transmembrane domains, it is difficult to obtain their three-dimensional structure of fatty acid desaturases. So how they interact with their substrates is unclear. Here, we predicted the complex of Micromonas pusilla delta 6 desaturase (MpFADS6) with the substrate linoleinyl-CoA (ALA-CoA) by trRosetta software and docking poses by Dock 6 software. The potential enzyme–substrate binding sites were anchored by analysis of the complex. Then, site-directed mutagenesis and activity verification clarified that W290, W224, and F352 were critical residues of the substrate tunnel and directly bonded to ALA-CoA. H94 and H69 were indispensable for transporting electrons with heme. H452, N445, and H358 significantly influenced the recognition and attraction of MpFADS6 to the substrate. These findings provide new insights and methods to determine the structure, mechanisms and directed transformation of membrane-bound desaturases.
Graphical Abstract
Influence of parity and reproductive stage on the prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in breeding animals in belgian farrow-to-finish pig herds
Authors: Biebaut Evelien , Chantziaras Ilias , Boyen Filip , Devriendt Bert , Haesebrouck Freddy , Gomez-Duran Charles-Oliver , Maes Dominiek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDam-to-piglet transmission plays an important role in the epidemiology of enzootic pneumonia on farms. AlthoughMycoplasma hyopneumoniae(M. hyopneumoniae) infections in breeding animals are often subclinical, their control could have a positive effect onM. hyopneumoniaeinfection levels in fattening pigs. This study investigated the presence ofM. hyopneumoniaein the breeding population of ten Belgian farrow-to-finish farms suspected by the herd veterinarian to beM. hyopneumoniaeinfected. Gilt vaccination againstM. hyopneumoniaeprior to first insemination was practiced on nine of the ten farms. At four different time points in the reproductive cycle 20 animals were sampled on each farm, namely 30–40 days of gestation, 75–85 days of gestation, 3–5 days after farrowing, and 1–3 days after weaning. In total, tracheobronchial swabs and blood samples were collected from 344 gilts and 456 sows (n = 80/farm). Swabs were analysed for the presence ofM. hyopneumoniaeDNA using nested PCR andM. hyopneumoniae-specific antibodies were detected in serum with a commercial ELISA. Generalized linear mixed models with farm as random factor were used to test the effect of time point in the reproductive cycle and parity onM. hyopneumoniaePCR prevalence and seroprevalence.ResultsM. hyopneumoniaePCR prevalence ranged between 0% and 43.8% at the farm level and the seroprevalence between 32.5% and 93.8%. Gilts were significantly moreM. hyopneumoniaePCR positive than sows at the 2-4th parity (P = 0.02) and > 4th parity (P = 0.02). At 30–40 days of gestation, significantly more breeding animals were PCR positive as compared to 75–85 days of gestation (P = 0.04), 3–5 days after farrowing (P = 0.02) and 1–3 days after weaning (P = 0.02). Gilts had significantly more oftenM. hyopneumoniae-specific antibodies than sows (P = 0.03).ConclusionsM. hyopneumoniaePCR prevalence varied a lot between farms and due to gilt vaccination the number of animals withM. hyopneumoniae-specific antibodies was high on most farms. Gilts were more oftenM. hyopneumoniaePCR positive than sows and positive animals were mostly found at 30–40 days of gestation. This emphasizes the importance of a sufficiently long quarantine period and proper gilt acclimation practices before introducing gilts to the sow herd.
Co-creation of HIVST delivery approaches for improving urban men’s engagement with HIV services in eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal: nominal group technique in intervention development
Authors: Mashamba-Thompson Tivani , Lessells Richard , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Drain Paul , Thabane Lehana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) is one of the recommended approaches for HIV testing services, particularly for helping reach populations who would not normally access facility-based HIV testing. Key stakeholder engagement is paramount in tailoring health interventions to ensure uptake by target populations.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to collaborate with key stakeholder in the co-creation of an acceptable HIVST delivery strategies to help improve urban men’s engagement with HIV services.

Methods
We invited key stakeholders for urban men’s HIV services to participate in a co-creation workshop aimed at developing HIVST delivery approaches for urban men, using eThekwini municipality as a study setting. We conducted purposive sampling to include health care users and health care providers, representing a range of views across the public sector and voluntary sector. We employed the nominal group technique (NGT) method for data collection. The NGT workshop was conducted in two consecutives: phase 1 was focused on determining barriers for men’s engagement with the current/facility-based HIV testing services; phase 2 was aimed at determining HIVST delivery strategies.

Results
Participants identified the following factors as the most important barriers to uptake of HIV testing services by urban men: stigma, ignorance about the importance of testing, and testing process as well as fear of positive test results. Key stakeholders suggested internal motivation strategies as a potentially effective approach to support HIVST delivery strategy. Guided by the NGT results, we designed a HIVST delivery strategy that is supported by a risk communication approach.

Conclusion
The NGT enabled successful collaboration with key stakeholders in the co-creation of HIVST delivery strategies to guide implementation and strategy improve urban men’s engagement with HIV services. A follow-up study to evaluate the feasibility of implementing these approaches is recommended.
Shared meta-aperture system for the frequency-induced reconfigurable multiple beams
Authors: Gao P. F. , Yang R. , Gu C. G. , Zhu Y. Z. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate the perfect synthesis of multiple beams with different radiating states at dual frequencies through a shared meta-aperture system, consisting of a checkerboard meta-lens with two kinds of gradient meta-atoms distributed in a diagonally staggered manner and a polarization converting meta-mirror possessing periodic skew double-headed arrow array. The co-linearly polarized (co-LP) waves reflected by the inner surface of the checkerboard meta-lens would be twisted into the cross-LP counterparts by the meta-mirror and then penetrate the checkerboard meta-lens to form the high-purity cross-LP directive multi-beams at one frequency. Meanwhile, the other polarization orthogonal meta-array over the outer surface of the checkerboard meta-lens would also be capable of transforming the released cross-LP fields back and create the co-LP multi-beams at another frequency. Especially, the frequency sensitivity of such shared meta-aperture system is discussed through comparing different sets of the synthesized multiple beams, and the multi-functional meta-surface coating over the checkerboard meta-lens will fundamentally determine the overall radiating patterns and the operating bandwidth. In addition, the proposed design through integrating composite functional meta-surfaces also possesses the merits of generating high-polarization purity multiple beams at different frequencies, thus should pave the way for building up more advanced shared-aperture meta-radiators with highly efficient connections in the contemporary wireless communications.
Health Disparities in Dementia
Authors: Balls-Berry Joyce (Joy) E. , Babulal Ganesh M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Causes of health disparities in Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the United States are multifactorial. This article contextualizes health disparities as they relate to the neurodegenerative processes of ADRD.

RECENT FINDINGS
Older adults’ life expectancy has increased such that a 65-year-old is expected to live 19 or more years and an 85-year-old can expect to live, on average, 6 to 7 years longer. Individuals of certain ethnoracial groups (Black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander) may be at a higher risk of incident ADRD compared to non-Hispanic/Latino White people. These differences in a higher risk of ADRD across ethnoracial groups persist despite no statistically significant differences in the rate of cognitive decline over time. The intersectionality of social determinants of health, experiences with discrimination and oppression, and access to care are related to the issue of justice and the risk for and expression of ADRD. The theoretical frameworks of various health disparities provide organized approaches to tracking the progression of health disparities for diverse patients.

SUMMARY
ADRD health disparities are complex. Neurologists and their care teams must consider the main reasons for clinical ADRD evaluations of members of ethnoracial groups and the factors that may impact patient adherence and compliance with diagnostic and management recommendations.
Rapidly Progressive Dementia
Authors: Day Gregory S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article presents a practical approach to the evaluation of patients with rapidly progressive dementia.

RECENT FINDINGS
The approach presented in this article builds upon the standard dementia evaluation, leveraging widely available tests and emergent specific markers of disease to narrow the differential diagnosis and determine the cause(s) of rapid progressive decline. The discovery of treatment-responsive causes of rapidly progressive dementia underscores the need to determine the cause early in the symptomatic course when treatments are most likely to halt or reverse cognitive decline.

SUMMARY
A pragmatic and organized approach to patients with rapidly progressive dementia is essential to mitigate diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and optimize patient outcomes.
Genetics of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Jayadev Suman 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article discusses the spectrum of genetic risk in familial and sporadic forms of early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent work illuminating the complex genetic architecture of AD is discussed in the context of high and low risk and what is known in different populations.

RECENT FINDINGS
A small proportion of AD is autosomal dominant familial AD caused by variants in PSEN1, PSEN2, or APP, although more recently described rare genetic changes can also increase risk substantially over the general population, with odds ratios estimated at 2 to 4. APOE remains the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, and understanding the biology of APOE has yielded mechanistic insights and leads for therapeutic interventions. Genome-wide studies enabled by rapidly developing technologic advances in sequencing have identified numerous risk factors that have a low impact on risk but are widely shared throughout the population and involve a repertoire of cell pathways, again shining light on potential paths to intervention. Population studies aimed at defining and stratifying genetic AD risk have been informative, although they are not yet widely applicable clinically because the studies were not performed in people with diverse ancestry and ethnicity and thus population-wide data are lacking.

SUMMARY
The value of genetic information to practitioners in the clinic is distinct from information sought by researchers looking to identify novel therapeutic targets. It is possible to envision a future in which genetic stratification joins other biomarkers to facilitate therapeutic choices and inform prognosis. Genetics already has transformed our understanding of AD pathogenesis and will, no doubt, continue to reveal the complexity of brain biology in health and disease.
Cognitive Syndromes Associated With Movement Disorders
Authors: Goldman Jennifer G. , Holden Samantha K. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the recognition and management of cognitive syndromes in movement disorders, including those with parkinsonism, chorea, ataxia, dystonia, and tremor.

RECENT FINDINGS
Cognitive and motor syndromes are often intertwined in neurologic disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease, atypical parkinsonian syndromes, Huntington disease, and other movement disorders. Cognitive symptoms often affect attention, working memory, and executive and visuospatial functions preferentially, rather than language and memory, but heterogeneity can be seen in the various movement disorders. A distinct cognitive syndrome has been recognized in patients with cerebellar syndromes. Appropriate recognition and screening for cognitive changes in movement disorders may play a role in achieving accurate diagnoses and guiding patients and their families regarding progression and management decisions.

SUMMARY
In the comprehensive care of patients with movement disorders, recognition of cognitive syndromes is important. Pharmacologic treatments for the cognitive syndromes, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia, in these movement disorders lag behind the therapeutics available for motor symptoms, and more research is needed. Patient evaluation and management require a comprehensive team approach, often linking neurologists as well as neuropsychologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and other professionals.
The Medicolegal and Ethical Dimensions of Physician Prescription Reluctance
Authors: Rose Rachel V. , Kass Joseph S. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
This article addresses the potential legal ramifications for neurologists caring for patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) who elect neither to prescribe aducanumab nor to refer patients with AD for treatment with aducanumab. To prevail against a neurologist for failing to prescribe aducanumab or refer for aducanumab treatment, the plaintiff would have to establish that the neurologist’s failure to prescribe the medication or refer for treatment was a breach of the standard of care. The standard of care is conceptualized as the generally accepted approach to diagnosing or treating a condition. However, the controversy surrounding the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) approval process for aducanumab (which was based on the drug’s efficacy at reducing brain amyloidosis rather than on clinically meaningful efficacy) as well as the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) position statement on aducanumab and the recent decision by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to limit Medicare coverage of the drug and its associated costs to patients enrolled in qualifying clinical trials indicate that aducanumab cannot yet be considered the standard of care for the treatment of AD. Although deciding not to prescribe aducanumab does not violate the standard of care, neurologists treating patients with AD and not recommending this treatment should explain to their patients and their patients’ surrogate decision makers why they are not recommending the treatment.
Indian Ocean Narratives, Tidalectics, and Perth’s Centre for Stories
Authors: Gui Weihsin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This essay argues that contemporary literary anthologies of Indian Ocean narratives offer a distinctive way of representing the diversity of voices and experiences that traverse the ocean and connect the different countries and cultures along its rim. Whereas the single-author historical or historiographical novel is often the focus of Indian Ocean literary scholarship, this essay examines Ways of Being Here and Wave after Wave, anthologies produced under the rubric of Indian Ocean mentorship and writing projects by the Centre for Stories located in Perth, Western Australia. While the anthologies do share some thematic similarities with Indian Ocean novels, this essay draws on Kamau Brathwaite’s thinking to argue that the anthologies have a tidalectical aesthetic connecting their different individual pieces, which unfolds as readers move through their pages. This tidalectical aesthetic, in which there is no resolving synthesis but rather a series of interconnected and overlapping lived experiences and emotional struggles produced by multiple authors, may be a better way of representing contemporary Indian Ocean narratives that circles back to issues of migration, racism, and resistance at the very southeastern edge of the Indian Ocean.
Photography and Diaspora: A roundtable with Pok Chi Lau, Surendra Lawoti, and Wei Leng Tay
Authors: Lee Anthony W. 
Published: June 2022

The classic features of diaspora are a history of dispersion among a people (whether forced or voluntary); a strong sense of a homeland from which those people have been dispersed; a desire to return to a place of origin (however fantastical, impractical, or impossible that wish might be); and a lack of full assimilation in a host country. In today’s world, in which the coming and going of peoples is extraordinarily fluid, in which “home” can be fractured or multiple, and in which, in a few countries, including those in the throes of postcolonialism, the goal of assimilation competes with the recognition (occasionally the celebration) of cultural difference, is diaspora still useful as a description? Does it help us to understand contemporary photographic practices that pursue the experiences and longings of a migrated people?
Following is a brief roundtable among three photographers who address these and other questions. In a sense, the photographers’ own movements reflect aspects of diaspora. Each was born in one country, moved to another, and return frequently to photograph the peoples and lands of their birth. They interpret their practices extraordinarily differently from one another, however, and use their cameras to different purposes and effects. In their hands, the features we associate with diaspora are often put into relationship with other ways of describing the movements of people, the forces of “home,” and the dynamics of assimilation.
Pok Chi Lau was born in Hong Kong and now lives in the United States; Surendra Lawoti was born in Nepal and now lives in Canada; and Wei Leng Tay was born in Singapore and now lives in Hong Kong. Our conversation moved fluidly between the photographers as themselves diasporic and their interest in people who might be said to belong to a diaspora.
Genetic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans Haspin-like genes shows that hasp-1 plays multiple roles in the germline
Authors: Macaraeg Jommel , Reinhard Isaac , Ward Matthew , Carmeci Danielle , Stanaway Madison , Moore Amy , Hagmann Ethan , Brown Katherine , Wynne David J. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Haspin is a histone kinase that promotes error-free chromosome segregation by recruiting the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) to mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. Haspin remains less well studied than other M-phase kinases, and the models explaining Haspin function have been developed primarily in mitotic cells. Here, we generate strains containing new conditional or nonsense mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans Haspin homologs hasp-1 and hasp-2 and characterize their phenotypes. We show that hasp-1 is responsible for all predicted functions of Haspin and that loss of function of hasp-1 using classical and conditional alleles produces defects in germline stem cell proliferation and spermatogenesis, and confirms its role in oocyte meiosis. Genetic analysis suggests that hasp-1 acts downstream of the Polo-like kinase plk-2 and shows synthetic interactions between hasp-1 and two genes expected to promote recruitment of the CPC by a parallel pathway that depends on the kinase Bub1. This work adds to the growing understanding of Haspin function by characterizing a variety of roles in an intact animal.