bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of potential factors associated with the sensitivity and specificity of Sofia Influenza A+B Fluorescent Immunoassay in an ambulatory care setting
Authors: Bell Cristalyne , Goss Maureen , Birstler Jennifer , Temte Emily , Chen Guanhua , Shult Peter , Reisdorf Erik , Haupt Thomas , Barlow Shari , Temte Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

Background
Seasonal influenza leads to an increase in outpatient clinic visits. Timely, accurate, and affordable testing could facilitate improved treatment outcomes. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) provide results in as little as 15 minutes and are relatively inexpensive, but have reduced sensitivity when compared to RT-PCR. The contributions of multiple factors related to test performance are not well defined for ambulatory care settings. We assessed clinical and laboratory factors that may affect the sensitivity and specificity of Sofia Influenza A+B Fluorescence Immunoassay.

Study design
We performed a post-hoc assessment of surveillance data amassed over seven years from five primary care clinics. We analyzed 4,475 paired RIDT and RT-PCR results from specimens collected from patients presenting with respiratory symptoms and examined eleven potential factors with additional sub-categories that could affect RIDT sensitivity.

Results
In an unadjusted analysis, greater sensitivity was associated with the presence of an influenza-like illness (ILI), no other virus detected, no seasonal influenza vaccination, younger age, lower cycle threshold value, fewer days since illness onset, nasal discharge, stuffy nose, and fever. After adjustment, presence of an ILI, younger age, fewer days from onset, no co-detection, and presence of a nasal discharge maintained significance.

Conclusion
Clinical and laboratory factors may affect RIDT sensitivity. Identifying potential factors during point-of-care testing could aid clinicians in appropriately interpreting negative influenza RIDT results.
Reference pricing systems on the pharmaceutical market
Authors: Unsorg Maximiliane 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Constantly rising expenditures for pharmaceuticals require government intervention in firms’ pricing decisions. To this end, reference pricing systems are a frequently employed regulatory mechanism. This paper considers a duopoly market with vertically differentiated firms highlighting the effects of a reference pricing system on prices, consumer and producer surplus, expenditures and welfare. Reference pricing decreases equilibrium prices and induces a more competitive environment. It promotes generic usage leading to increased market coverage. Especially generic consumers benefit from a reference pricing regulation. The losses in producer surplus are mainly born by the brand-name firm. Introducing a reference pricing system unambiguously increases welfare.
Language for work and work for language: linguistic aspirations in the marketing of domestic work
Authors: Rydell Maria , Hanell Linnea 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Language inevitably plays a key part in the infrastructure of transnational domestic work. Many who work and have worked in the domestic sector in Sweden have Swedish as their second language. The object of this study is to investigate the ways in which this fact is reflected in the marketing of domestic work historically as well as currently. Drawing on two datasets – personal advertisements by job seekers published in a Swedish daily during the twentieth century, and corporate marketing by contemporary cleaning agencies – the study discusses how references not only to language competence, but also to prospective language learning are used in the marketing of domestic work. While the phenomenon of domestic work, especially when performed by migrants, has been a resilient space of upset in the Swedish society for the last hundred years, the article argues that references to language are used to navigate tensions.
Sociolinguistic upsets and people of color in social media performances
Authors: Leppänen Sirpa , Westinen Elina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParticularly since the refugee “reception crisis” in 2015, Finland has started transforming into a more diverse and multicultural society. These societal changes have also been accompanied by sociolinguistic change, as well as language ideological debates and tensions, often manifesting in explicitly racist and xenophobic bursts of upset. In this article, our focus is on social media as a space where such societal and sociolinguistic upsets are articulated and re-worked. Drawing on recent sociolinguistic and discourse analytic work on transformative and critical popular cultural practices in social media, and studies on rap and belonging, we discuss how, in a mediatized society such as Finland, social media serve as a forum for antagonism and conflict, but also as a site for ‘talking back’. As our illustrative cases, we investigate two heteroglossic social media performances by entertainers and artists of color. In our analysis, we will show how these performances highlight and contest ideological notions of the way particular language resources are considered a key to Finnishness, as well as their role in the racialization and othering of people of color.
“We just want the language tone”: when requests to use minority languages lead to interactional breakdown in multilingual classrooms
Authors: Lehtonen Heini , Møller Janus Spindler 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze two instances of interactional breakdown in linguistically and culturally diverse classrooms in Copenhagen and Helsinki. Our focus is situations where teachers request the use of minority languages from pupils, and pupils react reluctantly and display embarrassment. These situations represent sociolinguistic spaces of upset understood as disruptions of prevailing language ideologies and sociolinguistic regimes. We argue that pupils’ reluctance to comply with teachers’ attempts to include minority languages exemplifies such a disruption, and meta-communicative exchanges represent a window into the language ideologies influencing such situations. We analyze the interactions sequentially through the theoretical lens of enregisterment, linguistic legitimacy, and raciolinguistic microaggressions. The Helsinki data are drawn from a sociolinguistically informed action research project in an elementary school. The Copenhagen data involve lower-secondary-level pupils and consist of observations and recordings collected as part of a long-term ethnographic study. Despite the differences in projects and field sites, we found a striking similarity both in the language ideologies displayed by teachers and in pupils’ reactional patterns. Consequently, we argue that both examples represent the same type of sociolinguistic space of upset characterized by an intrinsic dilemma in Nordic public schools, which are simultaneously expected to secure the continuation of mainstream culture and embrace linguistic diversity.
Implicit strategies aimed at persuading the audience in public debates
Authors: Lombardi Vallauri Edoardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Starting from the assumption that implicit strategies like presuppositions and implicatures can be used to reduce the tendency to critical reaction by addressees of linguistic utterances, which qualifies such strategies as useful persuasive devices, the paper also recalls that for this reason they are a typical ingredient of advertisement and propaganda (Section 1). Reduced epistemic vigilance effected by implicit linguistic packaging is especially useful to smuggle questionable contents into the target’s minds. Specific implicit strategies can be specialized for specific pragmatic moves, such as conveying opinions, self-praise or the attack of others (Section 2). This includes any questionable selling content and any doubtful argument that, if believed, may give an advantage against a dialectic opponent. In particular, in public debates one does not aim at convincing the opponent, rather at shaping the beliefs of the audience at home. The paper shows (Section 3) how presuppositions and implicatures are used in Italian public (television) debates with exactly this argumentative function. In such contexts the pattern holds even more importantly for face-threatening contents, whose being conveyed explicitly would expose the source to more probable and stronger blame on the part of the public, while implicitness (and more specifically implicatures) can help speakers to convey to the public the opponent-discrediting content of a face-threatening attack, still not counting evidently as offenders.
Synthesis and structural characterization of new ladder-like organostannoxanes derived from carboxylic acid derivatives: [C5H4N(p-CO2)]2[Bu2Sn]4(μ

3
-O)2(μ

2
-OH)2, [Ph2CHCO2]4[Bu2Sn]4(μ

3
-O)2, and [(p-NH2)-C6H4-CO2]2[Bu2Sn]4(μ

3
-O)2(μ

2
-OH)2
Authors: Diop Tidiane , Diop Mouhamadou Birame , Diop Cheikh Abdoul Khadir , Diasse-Sarr Aminata , Sidibe Mamadou , Dumitru Florina , van der Lee Arie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Three types of ladder-like organostannoxanes, [C5H4N(p-CO2)]2[Bu2Sn]4(μ
3-O)2(μ
2-OH)2 (1), [Ph2CHCO2]4[Bu2Sn]4(μ
3-O)2 (2), and [(p-NH2)-C6H4-CO2]2[Bu2Sn]4(μ

3
-O)2(μ

2
-OH)2 (3), have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analyses, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C) experiments, and, for 1 and 2, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-Ray diffraction discloses that complexes adopt tetranuclear tin(iv) ladder-like structures containing two (1) or four (2) deprotonated ligands. The essential difference between their molecular structures is that in 2 there are four carboxylate ligands, while in 1 and 3 there are two. The crystal structure of 1 reveals them to be a tetranuclear structure containing a three-rung-staircase Sn4O4 core. The Sn4O4 cluster consists of a ladder of four Sn2O2 units. For 2, the structure is a tetranuclear centrosymmetric dimer of an oxoditin unit having a central four-member ring. In this complex, the central Sn2O2 core is fused with two four-member and two six-member rings. In the structures, there are two types of tin ions arranged in distorted trigonal bipyramid geometry or octahedron geometry. A series of O–H⋯N, C–H⋯O, and C–H⋯π intermolecular hydrogen bonds in these complexes play an important function in the supramolecular, or two-dimensional network structures are formed by these interactions.
Ethno-Religious Conflicts in Nigeria: A Threat to The Quest for National Integration
Authors: Udom Idongesit David , Okolie Ugo Chuks 
Published: May 2022

Nigeria as an independent nation cannot discuss her history without recounting her sad experience of one conflict or the other. Notable among these conflicts are those of communal, political and ethno-religious conflicts which often result in destructive violence. Out of all these, ethno-religious conflicts appear to have more implications to national development, security and integration in Nigeria. This paper is an empirical survey of existing literature through secondary investigations. The paper posits that colonialism and its capitalist ideological underpinnings and the transplanting of the same character traits to Nigeria bourgeoisie elements largely accounts for the ethnic divide pervading the Nigerian system. Over and above this argument is the malicious ethnic structures initially created by colonialism which has brought about continuous and contending ethnic strife in the Nigerian state to date. The position of this paper is also that the new trend of criminality and the gory tradition of terrorism and security lapses ravaging the country in most states of the North during the Jonathan’s administration and most states of the North-Central during the Buhari’s administration is akin to ethnic and sectional sentiments as well as ethnic bias. In view of this, the paper therefore attempts to draw explanations on why ethno-religious conflicts have become a permanent feature of Nigeria and its implications to national integration. This paper further takes a peep into the effects of ethno-religious conflicts on economic development in Nigeria. The paper sums up with policy recommendations and conclusion for peaceful co-existence in the 21st century.
ANALISIS NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT KANDRI KECAMATAN GUNUNGPATI SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SUMBER BELAJAR IPS DI SMP NEGERI 22 SEMARANG
Authors: Alfiyanti Nurul , Lestari Puji 
Published: May 2022

The 2013 curriculum is contextual, namely lingking learning with the surrounding environment. Environmental potentials such as local wisdom values can be used as social studies learning resources. Kandri village with people who preserve local wisdom that can be used as a source of social studies learning at SMP Negeri 22 Semarang. The research method used is a qualitative method. The results of the research on the values of local wisdom in the Kandri community include religious values, mutual cooperation values, creativity values, environmental care values, responsibility values, artistic values. Some social studies materials and basic competencies at the Junior High School level are compatible with the local wisdom values of the Kandri community so that they can be alternative sources of social studies learning in the form of information messages at SMP Negeri 22 Semarang.
Kurikulum 2013 bersifat konteksual yaitu mengaitkan pembelajaran dengan lingkungan sekitar. Potensi lingkungan seperti nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar IPS. Kelurahan Kandri dengan masyarakat yang melestarikan kearifan lokal yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar IPS di SMP Negeri 22 Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian nilai-nilai kearifan lokal pada masyarakat Kandri diantaranya nilai religi, nilai gotongroyong, nilai kreativitas, nilai peduli lingkungan, nilai tanggung jawab, nilai seni. Beberapa materi IPS dan Kompetensi Dasar tingkat SMP memiliki kecocokan dengan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal masyarakat Kandri sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif sumber belajar IPS berupa pesan informasi di SMP Negeri 22 Semarang.
PERAN GURU IPS DALAM PENERAPAN PROGRAM SEKOLAH RAMAH ANAK UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KARAKTER SISWA SMP NEGERI 33 SEMARANG
Authors: Indriana Farida Deni , Salam Rudi 
Published: May 2022

Child Friendly School is an ideal concept for school-age children, where education is child-centred and the learning process must be supported by positive, healthy and safe social, physical and emotional circumstances. SMP Negeri 33 Semarang is a pilot project for Child Friendly Schools in Semarang City. This type of research is qualitative. The results of this study indicate that SMP Negeri 33 Semarang creates a school that guarantees and fulfills children's rights in every aspect of learning to instill character values ​​in students. Some of the efforts made by SMP Negeri 33 Semarang through the implementation of the 6 core components of SRA and the implementation of special programs. The role of teachers is also very large, namely as motivators, correctors, mentors, evaluators, demonstrators, organizers, and informants in character building. The social studies teacher's obstacle in implementing the Child Friendly School (SRA) program is a pandemic condition and students in using cellphones for online learning are often misused to play online games so that learning concentration is lacking and the influence of friends or the community environment.
Sekolah Ramah Anak merupakan konsep yang ideal bagi anak usia sekolah, dimana pendidikan berpusat pada anak dan proses belajar yang harus didukung oleh keadaan sosial di sekitarnya, fisik, dan emosional yang positif, sehat dan aman. SMP Negeri 33 Semarang merupakan pilot project Sekolah Ramah Anak di Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SMP Negeri 33 Semarang menciptakan sekolah yang menjamin dan memenuhi hak-hak anak dalam setiap aspek pembelajaran untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter kepada peserta didik. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan SMP Negeri 33 Semarang melalui penerapan 6 komponen inti SRA dan penerapan program-program khusus. Peran serta guru juga sangat besar yakni sebagai motivator, korektor, pembimbing, evaluator, demonstrator, organisator, dan informator dalam penanaman karakter. Adapun Kendala guru IPS dalam penerapan program Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) adalah kondisi pandemi dan peserta didik dalam penggunaan handphone untuk pembelajaran daring seringkali disalahgunakan untuk bermain game online sehingga konsentrasi belajar kurang serta adanya pengaruh dari teman atau llingkungan masyarakat.
Implementasi Program Desa Online melalui Sistem Informasi Desa Online Kendal Terintegrasi (Si Dokar) di Tiga Desa Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Lestari Nurul Alam , Arumsari Nugraheni 
Published: May 2022

Program desa online melalui Sistem Informasi Desa Online Kendal Terintegrasi (SI DOKAR) merupakan sebuah kebijakan publik sebagai upaya memberikan kemudahan bagi Pemerintah Desa dan akses informasi kepada masyarakat. Pemerintah Desa sebagai pelaksana diharapkan dapat mengimplementasikan program tersebut secara efektif dan optimal. Untuk melihat realitas implementasi, peneliti mengambil study di tiga desa Kabupaten Kendal yaitu: 1) Desa Kumpulrejo, Desa Cepiring, 3) Desa Karanganyar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi program desa online melalui Sistem Informasi Desa Online Kendal Terintegrasi (SI DOKAR) di tiga Desa Kabupaten Kendal, serta faktor penghambatnya.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan: wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Terdapat dua sumber data yaitu primer dan sekunder. Uji keabsahan menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model interaktif melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Implementasi program desa online melalui Sistem Informasi Desa Online Kendal Terintegrasi (SI DOKAR) di tiga Desa Kabupaten Kendal dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahap implementasi yaitu: a) persiapan, b) implementasi, c) monitoring. Faktor penghambat meliputi: a) permasalahan jaringan internet, b) kurangnya sumber daya manusia, c) pembagian kerja yang belum merata.
The online village program through the Integrated Kendal Online Village Information System (SI DOKAR) is a public policy in an effort to provide convenience for the Village Government and access to information to the community. The village government as the implementer is expected to implement the program effectively and optimally. To see the reality of the implementation, researchers took a study in three kendal villages, namely: 1) Kumpulrejo Village, Cepiring Village, 3) Karanganyar Village. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of online village programs through the Integrated Kendal Online Village Information System (SI DOKAR) in three Kendal Regency Villages, as well as the inhibition factors. This research uses qualitative research method. Data collection techniques used: interviews, observations, and documentation. There are two data sources, primary and secondary. Test validity using triangulation techniques. Data analysis techniques used are interactive models through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and inference. Research results: 1) implementation of online village programs through the Integrated Kendal Online Village Information System (SI DOKAR) in three Kendal Regency Villages is carried out through three stages of implementation, namely: a) preparation, b) implementation, c) monitoring, 2) inhibitory factors including: a) internet network problems, b) lack of human resources, c) uneven division of work.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Electronical Government melalui Aplikasi Blakasuta di Tiga Kantor Kecamatan Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Ilman Ahmad Azis Nur , Arumsari Nugraheni 
Published: May 2022

Dindukcapil Kabupaten Brebes membuat Aplikasi Blakasuta sejak tahun 2018 Hingga sekarang ini seluruh Kantor Kecamatan di Kabupaten Brebes sudah menjalankan aplikasi tersebut, namun dalam penelitian ini objek yang menjadi kajiannya ialah Kantor Kecamatan Brebes, Kantor Kecamatan Jatibarang dan Kantor Kecamatan Songgom. Pada masa pandemi covid-19 instansi pemerintah harus lebih memanfaatkan teknologi informasi sehingga pelayanan berkonsep e-government harus lebih optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi pelayanan publik berbasis electronical government yaitu aplikasi Blakasuta di Kabupaten Brebes, dan faktor yang menjadi penghambat dalam pelaksanakan aplikasi tersebut.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan cara wawancara secara langsung, observasi di lapangan dan dokumentasi. Terdapat dua sumber yakni sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Uji keabsahan yakni melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan.
Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dijabarkan, sesuai dengan konsep George Edward III mengenai variabel keberhasilan implementasi aplikasi Blakasuta yang meliputi (1) Komunikasi, Komunikasi yang terjadi berupa komunikasi internal dan komunikasi eksternal: (2) Sumber daya Sumber daya dalam implementasi kebijakan yaitu sumber daya manusia, sumber daya infrastruktur dan sumber daya finansial (3) Disposisi pelaksanaan implementasi kebijakan aplikasi Blakasuta dapat dinilai komitmen dari Dindukcapil Kabupaten dan (4) Struktur Birokrasi, dalam pelaksanaan aplikasi Blakasuta diatur dalam Peraturan Kepala Dinas. Saran peneliti ditengah pandemi covid-19 penggunaan pelayanan online harus dilakukan, oleh karena itu Dindukcapil Kabupaten Brebes hendaknya memaksimalkan sosialisasi aplikasi Blakasuta dan membuat wifi corner serta menyediakan hardware di lingkungan Kantor Kecamatan untuk masyarakat agar mempermudah penggunaan aplikasi Blakasuta.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TWO STAY TWO STRAY DENGAN CONCEPT MAP DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI SISWA DI SMAN 1 BARRU
Authors: Usman Usman , Ramli Nurleli , Herawaty Hasmiah , Laksana Wirawan Setia 
Published: May 2022

This research aims to reveal the ability of interpersonal communication among students after the implemention of the learning model of concept map, two stay two stray, and two stay two stray with concept map. This research was experiment type designing the factorial pre test – post test involving two variables – two stay two stray and concept map. The object of this research was two senior high schools at Barru, South Sulawesi. The respondents in this research were 122 students. The result disclosed that the instrument of the ability of interpersonal communication among students has valid and reliable of Cronbach Alpha 0.822. The change of communication as independent variable revealed that the learning model of concept map, two stay two stray, and two stay two stray with concept map provides positive effects on the ability of interpersonal communication among students. The learning model of two stay two stray provided the greatest effect with the value of 32.4%. The effect of concept map using the same size only provided the value of 7.8% and the combination of both only provided the value of 4.4%. The further result revealed that the response of teachers on the the given treatment has positive and students have positive response and assess that the given treatment supports their learning in the classroom.