bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jail Health Care in the Southeastern United States From Entry to Release
Authors: CARDA‐AUTEN JESSICA , DIROSA ELENA A. , GRODENSKY CATHERINE , NOWOTNY KATHRYN M. , BRINKLEY‐RUBINSTEIN LAUREN , TRAVERS DEBBIE , BROWN MERSEDES , BRADLEY‐BULL STEVE , BLUE COLLEEN , ROSEN DAVID L. 
Published: May 2022

Policy Points
As a consequence of mass incarceration and related social inequities in the United States, jails annually incarcerate millions of people who have profound and expensive health care needs.
Resources allocated for jail health care are scarce, likely resulting in treatment delays, limited access to care, lower‐quality care, unnecessary use of emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency departments (EDs), and limited services to support continuity of care upon release.
Potential policy solutions include alternative models for jail health care oversight and financing, and providing alternatives to incarceration, particularly for those with mental illness and substance use disorders.
ContextMillions of people are incarcerated in US jails annually. These individuals commonly have ongoing medical needs, and most are released back to their communities within days or weeks. Jails are required to provide health care but have substantial discretion in how they provide care, and a thorough overview of jail health care is lacking. In response, we sought to generate a comprehensive description of jails’ health care structures, resources, and delivery across the entire incarceration experience from jail entry to release.MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews with jail personnel in five southeastern states from August 2018 to February 2019. We purposefully targeted recruitment from 34 jails reflecting a diversity of sizes, rurality, and locations, and we interviewed personnel most knowledgeable about health care delivery within each facility. We coded transcripts for salient themes and summarized content by and across participants. Domains included staffing, prebooking clearance, intake screening and care initiation, withdrawal management, history and physicals, sick calls, urgent care, external health care resources, and transitional care at release.FindingsNinety percent of jails contracted with private companies to provide health care. We identified two broad staffing models and four variations of the medical intake process. Detention officers often had medical duties, and jails routinely used community resources (e.g., emergency departments) to fill gaps in on‐site care. Reentry transitional services were uncommon.ConclusionsJails’ strategies for delivering health care were often influenced by a scarcity of on‐site resources, particularly in the smaller facilities. Some strategies (e.g., officers performing medical duties) have not been well documented previously and raise immediate questions about safety and effectiveness, and broader questions about the adequacy of jail funding and impact of contracting with private health care companies. Beyond these findings, our description of jail health care newly provides researchers and policymakers a common foundation from which to understand and study the delivery of jail health care.
Identifying violence against persons at a safety‐net hospital: Evidence from the first 6 months of implementation
Authors: Beauchamp Alaina M. , Kalra Anjali , Scroggins Heather , Pahl Brittany , Pitt Amanda , Skaliks Andrea , Jetelina Katelyn K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and predictors of screening for violence against persons and victim service utilization within an integrated safety‐net health system.Study SettingEmergency Department (ED) at Parkland Hospital—Dallas County's largest safety‐net provider of services for minority and underinsured and uninsured patients.Study DesignProspective, longitudinal study during the first 6 months of a universal violence against persons screener.Data CollectionHealth records were extracted for all patients with a visit to the ED between January and July, 2021. Modeling described the patient population across screening (screened vs. not screened) and, among those screened, the results (positive vs. negative), average time spent in the ED, and referral patterns for victim services.Principal FindingsDuring the study period, 65,563 unique patients with 95,555 encounters occurred. Seventy‐one percent (n = 67,535) were screened for violence against persons and, of those, 2% screened positive (n = 1349). Of the patients who screened positive, 1178 (87%) were referred to and 806 (60%) received care at victim services. Implementing screening did not increase the length of stay at ED.ConclusionsSystematic implementation of comprehensive violence screening at a safety‐net system can result in robust identification and timely referrals to victim services.
“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”: The potentials of apple bioactive constituents for chronic disease prevention
Authors: Oyenihi Ayodeji B. , Belay Zinash A. , Mditshwa Asanda , Caleb Oluwafemi J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractApples are rich sources of selected micronutrients (e.g., iron, zinc, vitamins C and E) and polyphenols (e.g., procyanidins, phloridzin, 5′‐caffeoylquinic acid) that can help in mitigating micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) and chronic diseases. This review provides an up‐to‐date overview of the significant bioactive compounds in apples together with their reported pharmacological actions against chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. For consumers to fully gain these health benefits, it is important to ensure an all‐year‐round supply of highly nutritious and good‐quality apples. Therefore, after harvest, the physicochemical and nutritional quality attributes of apples are maintained by applying various postharvest treatments and hurdle techniques. The impact of these postharvest practices on the safety of apples during storage is also highlighted. This review emphasizes that advancements in postharvest management strategies that extend the storage life of apples should be optimized to better preserve the bioactive components crucial to daily dietary needs and this can help improve the overall health of consumers.
Health risk assessment using in vitro simulation in assessing bioavailability of cadmium in rice from main producing areas across China
Authors: Deng Ziyi , Yao Liyun , Fang Min , Wu Yongning , Gong Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRice is a recognized source of cadmium (Cd) exposure. In this study, a total of 102 rice samples were obtained from main producing rice regions of China, and the bioavailability of Cd in rice were assessed by using an in vitro digestion method combined with a Caco‐2 cell monolayer model. The results revealed that the average (range of) concentration of Cd in the rice samples was 0.2840 (0.0123–2.4710) mg/kg, and the average (range of) bioavailability of Cd in the rice samples was 23.94% (7.47–39.73%). We analyzed the recent rice consumption data and calculated the target hazard quotients (THQs) to evaluate the noncarcinogenic health risk of Cd in rice consumption for adults and children, respectively. We suggested that the most of investigated regions showed low risks of Cd in rice for general population, and the regions of Cd in rice near the limit deserves might be attracted more attention after taking bioavailability into account.Practical ApplicationThe cadmium content of rice itself will affect its corresponding bioavailability to a certain extent. By studying the in vitro bioavailability of cadmium rice with different pollution levels, it is helpful for the dose selection of animal experiments or toxicity tests, and finally, we may provide some references for the establishment of appropriate treatment scheme of rice Cd poisoning.
Nutrition and diabetes self‐management in aged care: Exploring community‐dwelling older adults' expectations
Authors: Farrer Olivia , Miller Michelle , Yaxley Alison , Walton Karen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the diabetes self‐management expectations of older adults with diabetes, not yet accessing residential aged care services. Admission to residential aged care (RAC) can create many interruptions to usual food choices and diabetes self‐management, and we know little about the concerns of the emerging ageing population.MethodsThis is a qualitative study employing focus groups and inductive thematic analysis involving 18 older adults with diabetes between the ages of 60 and 88, living in their own homes within an Australian city. Focus groups were recruited on a sequential basis and progressively analysed using an inductive process until data saturation was reached. Focus groups were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes were generated: autonomy, individualised dietary management and the food service system. Older adults speculated that they would want a collaborative approach to maintain their health in ageing and to self‐manage their diabetes while feasible. Participants wanted autonomy over food choices, flexible meal timings and quality meals. There was a significant anxiety that aged care staff and existing food service systems in RAC could not support these preferences.ConclusionsCommunity‐dwelling older adults with diabetes would highly value aged care services that facilitated autonomy, individualised nutrition support and flexibility, but feared this will not be feasible. The introduction of new diabetes and RAC guidelines may require an implementation plan to include the full food service system, from staff education to meal preparation, ordering and service.
Regional variance in treatment and outcomes of locally invasive (T4) rectal cancer in Australia and New Zealand: analysis of the Bi‐National Colorectal Cancer Audit
Authors: Dinger Tessa L. , Kroon Hidde M. , Traeger Luke , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Hunter Andrew , Sammour Tarik 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundsLocally invasive T4 rectal cancer often requires neoadjuvant treatment followed by multi‐visceral surgery to achieve a radical resection (R0), and referral to a specialized exenteration quaternary centre is typically recommended. The aim of this study was to explore regional variance in treatment and outcomes of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ).MethodsData were collected from the Bi‐National Colorectal Cancer Audit (BCCA) database. Rectal cancer patients treated between 2007 and 2019 were divided into six groups based on region (state/country) using patient postcode. A subset analysis of patients with T4 cancer was performed. Primary outcomes were positive circumferential resection margin (CRM+), and positive circumferential and/or distal resection margin (CRM/DRM+).ResultsA total of 9385 patients with rectal cancer were identified, with an overall CRM+ rate of 6.4% and CRM/DRM+ rate of 8.6%. There were 1350 patients with T4 rectal cancer (14.4%). For these patients, CRM+ rate was 18.5%, and CRM/DRM+ rate was 24.1%. Significant regional variation in CRM+ (range 13.4–26.0%; p = 0.025) and CRM/DRM+ rates (range 16.1–29.3%; p = 0.005) was identified. In addition, regions with higher CRM+ and CRM/DRM+ rates reported lower rates of multi‐visceral resections: range 24.3–26.8%, versus 32.6–37.3% for regions with lower CRM+ and CRM/DRM+ rates (p < 0.0001).ConclusionPositive resection margins and rates of multi‐visceral resection vary between the different regions of ANZ. A small subset of patients with T4 rectal cancer are particularly at risk, further supporting the concept of referral to specialized exenteration centres for potentially curative multi‐visceral resection.
Maternal and fetal serum concentrations of magnesium after administration of a 6‐g bolus dose of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to women with imminent preterm delivery
Authors: Jonsdotter Andrea , Rocha‐Ferreira Eridan , Hagberg Henrik , Carlsson Ylva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionMagnesium sulfate is used world‐wide to treat pregnant women at imminent risk of preterm delivery in order to protect the brain of the premature infant. Previous research has shown that magnesium sulfate decreases the risk of cerebral palsy by ~30% in infants born preterm. Despite this, the dosage required for optimal neuroprotection remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether 6 g magnesium sulfate given as a single bolus dose was tolerable for the women and infants and whether the desired target concentration in the mother's blood was reached and non‐toxic level in the infant could be ensured.Material and methodsIn total, 49 women who were at risk of delivery prior to 32 weeks of gestation were recruited. They received a bolus dose of 6 g magnesium sulfate intravenously between 1 and 24 h prior to giving birth and were closely monitored during and after infusion. Blood samples from the patients were analyzed at different time‐points (20–30 min after start of infusion, 1, 2, 6 and 24 h) post‐administration. Blood samples from the umbilical cord were also taken directly after birth to assess the concentration of magnesium in the infant.ResultsNone of the women who received magnesium sulfate reached serum magnesium concentrations >3.3 mmol/L. In all, 72% of the women showed serum magnesium levels within the therapeutic interval (2.0–3.5 mmol/L) and no adverse events were observed during the infusion. The serum magnesium levels in the mothers declined to pre‐bolus‐levels within 24 h after delivery. Serum magnesium levels in the umbilical cord samples ranged from 0.87 to 1.4 mmol/L, which means that all but two were within the normal expected range for a newborn premature infant.ConclusionsA bolus dose of 6 g magnesium sulfate was well tolerated and without any serious side effects in either mother or infant. Most of our women reached the targeted concentration range of serum magnesium levels after infusion was completed. Their infants had magnesium levels within acceptable levels, regardless of gestational week or mother's body mass index.
Two ant‐following bird species forage with three giant sengi (Rhynchocyon) species in East Africa
Authors: Cordeiro Norbert J. , Rovero Francesco , Msuha Maurus J. , Nowak Katarzyna , Bianchi Andrea , Jones Trevor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUsing camera traps and direct observations, we recorded interactions between three species of giant sengi (Rhynchocyon sp.) and two insectivorous bird species from six forests in Tanzania. In all instances, the birds closely followed the giant sengis who were moving and foraging in the leaf litter. Given that the two bird species are insectivorous and follow ant swarms to obtain flushed prey, these interactions suggest that following sengis represents an adaptive foraging strategy. Our observations indicate that these behaviors and associations may be more pervasive than previously thought.Abstract in Swahili is available with online material
Daily links between Latinx siblings’ relationship qualities and mood
Authors: Hochgraf Anna K. , Son Daye , Updegraff Kimberly A. , McHale Susan M. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examined daily links between sibling warmth and negativity and positive and negative mood in middle childhood and the moderating role of enculturation. Participants were 326 Latinx children from 163 families in the United States (Mage = 10.63 and 8.58 years for older and younger siblings, 48.5% female, 89.3% Mexican‐origin). Children reported their days’ experiences during seven nightly phone interviews conducted in 2018–2019. Multilevel analyses revealed within‐person, positive associations between daily sibling warmth and positive mood , and sibling negativity and negative mood . Moreover, for more enculturated children, odds of positive mood were lower on days when they experienced more sibling negativity than usual. Findings document the significance of Latinx children's daily sibling experiences.
Contact allergy to the Dexcom G6 glucose monitoring system—Role of 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol) monoacrylate in the new adhesive
Authors: Oppel Eva , Högg Christof , Oschmann Anna , Summer Burkhard , Kamann Stefanie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSkin reactions to the glucose monitoring systems Dexcom G5 and G6 have been rare. In 2019, the components of the adhesive were exchanged for better skin fixation. Since then, more and more patients experienced severe skin reactions. A few months ago, 2,2′‐methylenebis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol) monoacrylate (MBPA) was identified as a new component in the adhesive of the G6 model. Furthermore, it was suspected that isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) was also a component of the exchanged adhesive.ObjectivesOur objective was to investigate if MBPA plays a major role in the increasing skin problems of patients without a history of IBOA‐sensitization. Furthermore, our aim was to examine whether IBOA is contained in the newer model adhesive and may also contribute to allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).Patients and MethodsFive patients with a newly occurred ACD caused by the glucose monitoring system Dexcom G6 were investigated. Patch testing including MBPA in three different concentrations, as well as IBOA, were performed. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the newer system Dexcom G6 was carried out.ResultsAll patients were shown to be sensitized to MBPA, while MBPA 0,5% showed the strongest reaction. On the other hand, IBOA was tested negative.ConclusionIn our study group, MBPA was observed to be the triggering allergen of the recently changed adhesive.
Clinicopathological determinants of recurrence after surgical treatment of fistula‐in‐ano in a Ghanaian teaching hospital
Authors: Bediako‐Bowan Antoinette A. A. , Naalane Narious , Kumassah Philemon K. , Dakubo Jonathan C. B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this work is to describe the clinicopathological and surgical aspects of fistula‐in‐ano and assess the risks associated with recurrence of the disease in a Ghanaian teaching hospital.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study assessing all fistula‐in‐ano surgeries performed at the Korle Bu Teaching hospital from January 2014 to January 2021 that had completed follow up of at least 3 months after wound healing. Demographic, clinical, pathological and surgical data were extracted from patient records. Logistic regression analysis was used to test for association between these variables and recurrence.ResultsA total of 105 patients underwent 124 fistula surgeries. Their median age was 41 years, the male:female ratio was 4:1 and 12 had comorbidities including human immunodeficiency virus infection and diabetes mellitus. Thirty‐one per cent (39/124) of fistulas had previously been operated on. At surgery, 51% (64/124) of fistulas followed a single straight tract, 30% (37/124) a single curved tract and 19% (23/124) had multiple curved tracts. More than half (65/124) were trans‐sphincteric, 35% (44/124) suprasphincteric, 10% (12/124) subsphincteric and 2% (3/124) were intersphincteric. Sixty per cent of fistulas were treated with a ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (74/124), 35% (44/124) a fistulectomy and 5% a fistulotomy. Recurrence after surgery was 22.5% (28/124); this was significantly higher for fistulas with multiple curved tracts (OR 4.153, 95% CI 1.431–12.054, p = 0.012) and fistulas with comorbidities (OR 3.222, 95% CI 1.076–9.647, p = 0.037).ConclusionThere was high recurrence after fistula surgery with increased risk for fistulas with multiple tracts and the presence of comorbidities.
Insight into the antibacterial resistance of graphdiyne functionalized by silver nanoparticles
Authors: Qin Simin , Xie Mo , Cao Shuting , Li Jiang , Wang Lihua , Luo Shi‐Hua , Lv Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) tend to aggregate spontaneously due to larger surface‐to‐volume ratio, which causes decreased antibacterial activity and even enhanced antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we aim to improve the stability of AgNPs by employing a growth anchor graphdiyne (GDY) to overcome these shortcomings.Materials and MethodsBacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were selected to represent gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐EDS mapping and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) were carried out to characterize the physiochemical properties of materials. The antimicrobial property was determined by turbidimetry and plate colony‐counting methods. The physiology of bacteria was detected by SEM and confocal imaging, such as morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell membrane.ResultsWe successfully synthesized a hybrid graphdiyne @ silver nanoparticles (GDY@Ag) by an environment‐friendly approach without any reductants. The hybrid showed high stability and excellent broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity towards both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. It killed bacteria through membrane destruction and ROS production. Additionally, GDY@Ag did not induce the development of the bacterial resistance after repeated exposure.ConclusionsGDY@Ag composite combats bacteria by synergetic action of GDY and AgNPs. Especially, GDY@Ag can preserve its bacterial susceptibility after repeated exposure compared to antibiotics. Our findings provide an avenue to design innovative antibacterial agents for effective sterilization.
Optimizing pre‐donation physiologic evaluation for enhanced recovery after living liver donation – Systematic review and multidisciplinary expert panel recommendations
Authors: Izzy Manhal , Brown Robert S. , Eguchi Susumu , Hwang Shin , Matamoros Maria A. , Quintini Cristiano , Rajakumar Akila , Raptis Dimitri Aristotle , Spiro Michael , Ascher Nancy L. ,   the ERAS4OLT.org Working Group
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile preoperative physiologic evaluation of live liver donors is routinely performed to ensure donor safety and minimize complications, the optimal approach to this evaluation is unknown.ObjectivesWe aim to identify predonation physiologic evaluation strategies to improve postoperative short‐term outcomes, enhance donor's recovery, and reduce length of stay. We also aim to provide multidisciplinary expert panel recommendations.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central.MethodsThe systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, and the recommendations were formulated using GRADE approach and experts' opinion. The search included retrospective or prospective studies, describing outcomes of physiologic evaluation predonation. The outcomes of interest were length of stay, postoperative complications (POC), recovery after donation, and mortality. PROSERO protocol ID CRD42021260662.ResultsOf 1386 articles screened, only three retrospective cohort studies met eligibility criteria. Two studies demonstrated no impact of age (< 70 years) on POC. Increased body mass index's (BMI) association with POC was present in one study (23.8 vs 21.7 kg/m2, OR 1.67 (1.14‐2.48), P = .01) and absent in another (< 30 vs 30‐35 kg/m2, P = .61). One study demonstrated decreased risk for postdonation subclinical hepatic dysfunction in donors with higher normal platelet count (PLT). None of the studies noted donor death. Given the scarce data on predonation physiologic testing, the expert panel recommended a battery of tests to guide clinical practice and future investigations.ConclusionAdvancing age (60‐69 years) is not a contraindication for liver donation. There is insufficient evidence for a specific predonation BMI cut‐off. Abbreviated predonation physiologic testing is recommended in all candidates. Comprehensive testing is recommended in high‐risk candidates while considering the pretest probability in various populations (Quality of evidence; Low to Very Low | Grade of Recommendation; Strong).