bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of kappa‐opioid and mu‐opioid receptors in pruritus: Peripheral and central itch circuits
Authors: Kim Brian S. , Inan Saadet , Ständer Sonja , Sciascia Thomas , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModern genetic approaches in animal models have unveiled novel itch‐specific neural pathways, emboldening a paradigm in which drugs can be developed to selectively and potently target itch in a variety of chronic pruritic conditions. In recent years, kappa‐opioid receptors (KORs) and mu‐opioid receptors (MORs) have been implicated in both the suppression and promotion of itch, respectively, by acting on both the peripheral and central nervous systems. The precise mechanisms by which agents that modulate these pathways alleviate itch remains an active area of investigation. Notwithstanding this, a number of agents have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials that influence both KOR and MOR signalling. Herein, we summarize a number of opioid receptor modulators in development and their promising efficacy across a number of chronic pruritic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, uremic pruritus and beyond.
Neuro‐weighted multi‐functional nearest‐neighbour classification
Authors: Yue Guanli , Qu Yanpeng , Deng Ansheng , Zhang Qianyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe performance of nearest‐neighbour classification is highly sensitive to the quality of data. In order to reduce the impact of the inevitable existence of irrelevant features in data, this paper employs the information learned by neural networks to implement a feature weighting technique and associated weighted multi‐functional nearest‐neighbour classification method.MethodThe non‐iterative neural networks are easy to implement while enjoying remarkable computational efficiency. In this paper, four non‐iterative neural networks (ELM, E‐ELM, RAWN and RVFL) are employed to evaluate the significance of features to decisions learned and stored in the parameters of neural networks. Moreover, the bias of the significance of features is comforted by using cross‐validation. The resulting feature significance is converted into feature weights to further implement weighted multi‐functional nearest‐neighbour classification.ResultThe experimental results demonstrate that the proposed neuro‐weighted feature weighting strategy can effectively reduce the impact of irrelevant features and enhance the performance of multi‐functional nearest‐neighbour classification.ContributionThe proposed algorithm explores an avenue to efficiently utilize the learned knowledge of neural networks to reduce the role of irrelevant feature in nearest‐neighbour classification.
Computing the durability of WAAM 18Ni 250 maraging steel specimens
Authors: Peng Daren , Jones Rhys , Ang Andrew S. M. , Michelson Alex , Champagne Victor , Birt Aaron , Pinches Samuel , Kundu Sudip , Alankar Alankar , Singh Raman R. K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMIL‐STD 1530D requires that the certification of an aircraft part employ analytical tools that are capable of modeling crack growth. It is further stated that the durability and damage tolerance (DADT) analyses should be based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and follow a building block approach. This paper illustrates the durability analysis required to certify an additively manufactured part by using the examples of durability tests performed on two wire arc additively manufactured (WAAM) 18Ni 250 Maraging steel specimens.
Efficient regulated entry in competitive markets with demand uncertainty
Authors: Bajo‐Buenestado Raúl 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well‐known that, in a competitive market, the number of firms in a free‐entry equilibrium is the efficient one. This paper shows that this textbook result breaks down if firms face demand uncertainty. In this case, entry is excessive relative to the optimum and, therefore, regulation improves market efficiency. This occurs because, in the absence of regulation, entry is motivated by the profits that firms expect to receive if market demand turns out to be high. However, when choosing the optimal regulated entry, the planner also considers that some surplus is lost if demand turns out to be low.
The change of clinical features and surgical outcomes in patients with pressure injury during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Huang Ching‐Ya , Chang Chiung‐Wen , Lee Sheng‐Lian , Chen Chiehfeng , Chen Jin‐Hua , Wang Hsian‐Jenn , Chiu Wen‐Kuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis retrospective study aims to explore whether the COVID‐19 pandemic altered patient conditions and surgery outcomes by studying 213 pressure injury (PI) patients who underwent surgery during 2016 to 2019 (pre‐COVID) and 2020 to 2021 (COVID) in Taiwan. We extracted patient demographics, surgical and blood test records, preoperative vital signs, and flap surgery outcomes. In total, 464 surgeries were performed, including 308 pre‐COVID and 156 COVID. During the COVID period, there were more patients presenting with dementia, and it had significantly more patients with >12 000 white blood cells/μL (24.03% vs 15.59%, P = 0.029), higher C‐reactive protein levels (7.13 ± 6.36 vs 5.58 ± 5.09 mg/dL, P = 0.014), pulse rates (86.67 ± 14.76 vs 81.26 ± 13.66 beats/min, P < 0.001), and respiratory rates (17.87 ± 1.98 vs 17.31 ± 2.39 breaths/min, P = 0.009) but lower haemoglobin levels (9.75 ± 2.02 vs 10.43 ± 1.67 mg/dL, P < 0.001) preoperatively. There were no between‐group differences in flap surgery outcomes but had fewer flap surgeries during COVID‐19. Thus, PI patient condition was generally poor during the COVID‐19 pandemic because of reduced access to medical treatment; this problem may be resolved through holistic care during a future pandemic or pandemic‐like situation.
Effect of groups size on students' learning achievement, motivation, cognitive load, collaborative problem‐solving quality, and in‐class interaction in an introductory AI course
Authors: Zhan Zehui , He Guoqing , Li Tingting , He Luyao , Xiang Siyu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGroup size is one of the important factors that affect collaborative learning, however, there is no consensus in the literature on how many students should the groups be composed of during the problem‐solving process.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effect of group size in a K‐12 introductory Artificial Intelligence course by comparing the students' cognitive load, learning motivation, collaborative problem‐solving quality, and in‐classroom interaction between two‐ and three‐student groups.MethodsForty‐eight high school students were randomly assigned to two kinds of groups (i.e., the two‐student group, and the three‐student group, each consisting of 24 students). During the experiment, Xiaofei robots were used to teach the theoretical and practical content of five AI topics over 6 weeks for 1.5 h each week.ResultsThe ANOVA results indicated that group size mattered in the AI course, the two‐student group was more effective in terms of enhancing students' learning motivation and collaborative problem‐solving quality, as well as imposing more cognitive load than the three‐student group. The advantage was more obvious in the practical problem context. The Lag Sequential Analysis results indicated that more collaborative learning behavioural sequences existed in the two‐student group than in the three‐student groups.ContributionThis research provides empirical evidence and potential guidance for group design in Artificial Intelligence Education. Although group size did not affect students' learning achievement, it affected learning motivation, cognitive load, and problem‐solving quality and processes. Two‐student groups work better than three‐student groups in the AI course.
Extracellular vesicles produced by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing programmed death‐ligand 1 ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ulcerative colitis in rats by regulating Th17/Treg cell balance through PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis
Authors: He Hongxia , Chen Qianyun , Fan Heng , Leng Xue yuan , Zhu Feng , Gao Fei , Zhou Qiaoli , Dong Yalan , Yang Jia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimProgrammed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) was involved in regulating Th17/Treg cell balance in ulcerative colitis (UC). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from genetically modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can serve as a stable delivery system to overexpress PD‐L1. The study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic mechanism of BMSC‐EVs overexpressing PD‐L1 (PD‐L1‐EVs) on ulcerative colitis.MethodsExperimental model of UC was established in rats by drinking 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Apoptosis‐related proteins, inflammatory response‐related factors and oxidative stress related mediators were detected. Westernblot was used to detecte key proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its downstream effectors. The CD4+Foxp3+Treg cells and CD4+IL‐17A+Th17 cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was detected by flow cytometry.ResultsPD‐L1‐EVs significantly alleviated the manifestations and pathological damage of UC rats by inhibiting the expression of IFN‐γ, IL‐1β, IL‐8, IL‐6, IL‐2, BAX, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, MPO, and MDA, and up‐regulating the expression of IL‐4, BCL‐2, SOD, and GSH. Furthermore, the proportions of Th17 cells were decreased and that of Treg cells were upregulated by PD‐L1‐EVs treatment. PTEN inhibitors (bpv) partially abolished the inhibitory effect of PD‐L1‐EVs on PI3K‐AKT signaling and impaired the therapeutic efficacy of PD‐L1‐EVs.ConclusionsPD‐L1‐EVs mitigated colonal inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress through blocking the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and regulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells.
Morphometry of cryopreserved organs from the gastrointestinal system of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus, Linnaeus, 1758) for improvement of management
Authors: Andrade Márcia Cristina Ribeiro , Lemos Bárbara Regina Pickler , de Araújo Lopes Cláudia Andréa , de Jesus Barbosa Ribeiro Margarida , da Silva Larissa Melo , Knackfuss Fabiana Batalha , Viana Clênio Fernandes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNonhuman primates (NHPs) are fundamental for countless types of research and their phylogenetic similarities with humans make them valuable biomodels.Saimiri(squirrel monkeys) is the New World simian genus that is most widely used in research; however, little is known about the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of these animals.MethodsThe morphological and topographical aspects of GIT organs from 14 previously frozen carcasses of captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were described as a means for refining clinical and laboratory diagnoses, with the aim of providing a basis for clinical assessments and animal management. The carcasses were gradually thawed, macroscopically evaluated for their appearance, measured, weighed, photographed, and necropsied. The characteristics of all the GIT organs (main and accessories) were evaluated, with measurement of the dimensions and description of the shape, consistency, and color of each one.ResultsThe stomach of squirrel monkeys is simple and of non‐compartmentalized type and the cecum does not have numerous folds, compared with other species. These characteristics are compatible with omnivorous simian species with no adaptive digestive specialization for the food fermentation process. Significant correlations were found between the weights of the carcass and GIT (p < .05); carcass and tongue (0.83;p < .01); and liver and right salivary gland (0.83;p < .01). It was also observed that the animals showed good body score conformation and GIT organs in good condition, which indicated that their nutritional management had been adequate. Regarding the correlations found among the organs: (i) squirrel monkeys with heavier carcasses had better‐developed GIT with greater food storage capacity; (ii) the bigger the animal was, the greater its overall muscle development was, including that of the tongue, which would enable intensification of its feeding activity; and (iii) the measurements of the esophagus, small and large intestines, pancreas, and salivary glands were not sex‐dependent inSaimiri sciureus.ConclusionsPreviously cryopreserved carcasses of squirrel monkeys can be used for gastrointestinal system studies, with the potential to make clinical, zootechnical, management, and scientific contributions.
Interactions between hydrogen sulphide and rhizobia modulate the physiological and metabolism process during water deficiency‐induced oxidative defense in soybean
Authors: Lin Xue‐Yuan , Zhang Ni‐Na , Yao Bai‐Hui , Zhang Xin , Liu Wu‐Yu , Zhang Wei‐Qin , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Wei Ge‐Hong , Chen Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S), a new gas signal molecule, participates in the regulation of various abiotic stresses in plants. However, how the tandem working of H2S and rhizobia affects the adaptation of soybean to water deficiency is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the adaptation mechanism of H2S and rhizobia in soybean to water deficiency. Our results revealed that H2S and rhizobia jointly enhanced the leaf chlorophyll content and relative water content in plants, and caused an increase in the biomass of soybean seedlings under water deficiency. Besides, in the absence of water, H2S enhanced the biomass by affecting the number of nodules and nitrogenase activity during vegetative growth. The expression of nodulation marker genes including early nodulin 40 (GmENOD40), ERF required for nodulation (GmERN) and nodulation inception genes (GmNIN1a,GmNIN2a andGmNIN2b) were upregulated by H2S and rhizobia in the nodules. Moreover, the combined effect of H2S and rhizobia was proved to affect the enzyme activities and gene expression level of antioxidants, as well as osmotic protective substance content and related gene expression levels under water deficiency in soybean seedlings. In addition, the metabolomic results suggested that the combined effect of H2S and rhizobia remarkably promoted the contents of lipids and lipid‐like molecules. Our results indicated that H2S and rhizobia synergistically reduced the oxidative damage caused by water deficiency through increasing the accumulation of metabolites and strengthening the plant antioxidant capacity.
An Index Approach to Measuring Product Differentiation: A Hedonic Analysis of Airfares
Authors: Howell Charles , Grifell‐Tatjé Emili 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to introduce an Allen‐type index of differentiation based on cost functions. With this index, we create an economic measure of product differentiation that quantifies differences between products. Applied research has some generally accepted economic measures, for example, the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index for market concentration, or the Gini coefficient for inequality. Product differentiation, however, does not yet have an established measure. Our objective is to fill that gap and introduce a measure that can be used in market‐related applied research such as market power, antitrust, price indexes, or market strategy. To operationalize the index, we introduce the concept of a core product and use cost functions to measure the degree of differentiation from the core product. To demonstrate the use of the index, we study the effect of product differentiation on price formation in the airline industry using an enhanced hedonic model. The model is empirically tested on 103,980 observations of quarterly US domestic airfare data between 2002 and 2016 and shows that product differentiation has a significant effect on both price and mark‐up.
Exon 2‐mediated deletion of Trem2 does not worsen metabolic function in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Winn Nathan C. , Wolf Elysa M. , Garcia Jamie N. , Hasty Alyssa H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) is highly expressed on myeloid cells and is involved in cellular lipid homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Trem2 deletion in mice (Trem2−/−) evokes adipose tissue dysfunction, but its role in worsening obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunction has not been resolved. Here we aimed to determine the causal role of Trem2 in regulating glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice. Nine‐week‐old male and female littermate wild‐type (WT) and Trem2−/− mice were fed a low‐ or high‐fat diet for 18 weeks and phenotyped for metabolic function. Diet‐induced weight gain was similar between genotypes, irrespective of sex. Consistent with previous reports, we find that loss of Trem2 causes massive adipocyte hypertrophy and an attenuation in the lipid‐associated macrophage transcriptional response to obesity. In contrast to published data, we find that loss of Trem2 does not worsen metabolic function in obese mice. No differences in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (ipGTT), oral GTT or mixed meal substrate control, including postprandial glucose, non‐esterified fatty acids, insulin or triglycerides, were found between WT and Trem2−/− animals. Similarly, no phenotypic differences existed when animals were challenged with stressors on metabolic demand (i.e. acute exercise or environmental temperature modulation). Collectively, we report a disassociation between adipose tissue remodelling caused by loss of Trem2 and whole‐body metabolic homeostasis in obese mice. The complementary nature of experiments conducted gives credence to the conclusion that loss of Trem2 is unlikely to worsen glucose homeostasis in mice.
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Nonlinear Damper-Blade Coupling Calculations Reduced to Essentials
Authors: Gastaldi Chiara , Gola Muzio M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To improve the numerical efficiency of the nonlinear calculations required for the dynamic response of damped turbine blades, the authors recently introduced the platform centered reduction (PCR) method which represents the platform as a rigid body subject to a single moment representing the effect of forces from adjacent dampers. The concept of a” basic cycle” is now introduced to simplify—without introducing additional approximations—the functional relationship between the moment on the platform due to the frictional forces and its angle of rotation, both of which are calculated around an axis parallel to the main axis of neck bending. It is shown that, for the first bending mode of vibration, this function completely characterizes the damper-platform assembly, such that for rotation values greater than the” base cycle,” the values of the real and imaginary components of the damper-platform flexural stiffness are obtained a priori, without having to repeat the contact cycle calculations at each amplitude change. The advantage of this approach for numerical calculations and the convenience of having a model focused on the essential aspects of the engineering problem of best coupling between damper and blade are demonstrated. Also, considering the improvements introduced, the” designer's diagram,” already proposed by these authors, is revised. The advantage lies in representing the essential, yet adequate approximation in the relationship between the maximum alternating bending stress due to vibration and the values of the excitation force on the airfoil, values each associated with a corresponding “oscillation amplitude/resonance frequency” pair.
Trench retreat recorded by a subduction zone metamorphic history
Authors: Dong Jie , Grove Marty , Wei Chunjing , Han Bao-Fu , Yin An , Chen Jiafu , Li Ang , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in subduction zone rocks may occur under exceptional tectonic settings. Differentiating competing mechanisms for its occurrence requires carefully integrated, high-resolution thermobarometric and geochronologic studies of mélange rocks with well-defined field relationships. We present new pressure, temperature, and age data from the classic Cretaceous Catalina Schist in southern California (USA) that allow us to establish a plausible model for its high-temperature metamorphic history. Our results indicate that garnet-amphibolite blocks in the structurally highest amphibolite-facies mélange preserve evidence of three stages of tectonic evolution: (1) prograde lawsonite eclogite-facies metamorphism that peaked at 2.4–2.7 GPa with temperatures &gt;580 °C during fixed-trench subduction (120–115 Ma); (2) post-peak epidote eclogite-facies metamorphism followed by amphibolite-facies metamorphism at 1.4–1.3 GPa with temperatures of 740–790 °C during trench retreat (115–105 Ma); and (3) isothermal decompression (1.3 GPa to &lt;1.0 GPa at temperatures of ~780 °C) and cooling during trench advance and slab-flattening subduction (ca. 105–100 Ma). Our model implies the presence of a continuous Cordilleran subduction system in the Cretaceous, which had varying tectonic regimes through episodes of trench retreat/advance and slab shallowing/steepening that, in turn, dictated the development of the Cordilleran arc system.
Bernard-Soulier syndrome in pregnancy with retinal detachment: a rare phenomenon
Authors: Igbokwe Nnadozie , Benson Gary , Waireri Joyce 
Published: August 2022

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare congenital bleeding disorder of the platelet, and it is mainly inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. It is caused by both qualitative and quantitative deficiency of the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V receptor complex, thereby causing abnormal platelets adhesion.We report a case of a primigravida in her 20s with history of BSS diagnosed in childhood due to family history. Her preconception period was challenging as she suffered from severe menorrhagia often requiring hospital admission, blood and platelet transfusions.At 35 weeks gestation, she developed temporal crowded retinal detachment of the left eye and had a successful left scleral buckling surgery under general anaesthesia (GA).She had a multidisciplinary team care with a successful elective GA caesarean section at 39+3 weeks gestation with peridelivery platelet transfusion and intravenous recombinant factor VIIa. Regional anaesthesia, intramuscular injections and anticoagulation were avoided.
Mortality of Puerto Ricans in the USA post Hurricane Maria: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Marazzi Mario , Miloucheva Boriana , Bobonis Gustavo J 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo determine death occurrences of Puerto Ricans on the mainland USA following the arrival of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in September 2017.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsPersons of Puerto Rican origin on the mainland USA.ExposuresHurricane Maria.Main outcomeWe use an interrupted time series design to analyse all-cause mortality of Puerto Ricans in the USA following the hurricane. Hispanic origin data from the National Vital Statistics System and from the Public Use Microdata Sample of the American Community Survey are used to estimate monthly origin-specific mortality rates for the period 2012–2018. We estimated log-linear regressions of monthly deaths of persons of Puerto Rican origin by age group, gender, and educational attainment.ResultsWe found an increase in mortality for persons of Puerto Rican origin during the 6-month period following the hurricane (October 2017 through March 2018), suggesting that deaths among these persons were 3.7% (95% CI 0.025 to 0.049) higher than would have otherwise been expected. In absolute terms, we estimated 514 excess deaths (95% CI 346 to 681) of persons of Puerto Rican origin that occurred on the mainland USA, concentrated in those aged 65 years or older.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an undercounting of previous deaths as a result of the hurricane due to the systematic effects on the displaced and resident populations in the mainland USA. Displaced populations are frequently overlooked in disaster relief and subsequent research. Ignoring these populations provides an incomplete understanding of the damages and loss of life.