bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombotic events in critically ill children with coronavirus disease 2019 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Dain Aleksandra S. , Raffini Leslie , Whitworth Hilary 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
To provide an update regarding what is known about thrombotic events and thromboprophylaxis in critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Recent findings
Pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 generally have mild illness; however, intensive care is required in about 20–30% of hospitalized children with COVID-19 and an even higher proportion in those with MIS-C. Increased rates of thrombosis have been observed in adults hospitalized with COVID-19, and clinical trials have attempted to optimize thromboprophylaxis. There is significant variability in the estimated incidence of thrombosis in pediatric patients (0–27%) because of variation in patient populations and study design. Multiple studies demonstrate an increased rate of thrombosis compared with baseline in hospitalized pediatric patients. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for thrombosis, but critical illness, older age, and other known thrombosis risk factors appear to increase the risk. Thromboprophylaxis strategies are inconsistent, with little evidence of efficacy but few reports of major bleeding.

Summary
Critically ill children with SARS-CoV-2-related illnesses are at increased risk of thrombosis. Thromboprophylaxis should be considered in select patients with COVID-19 or MIS-C, though the optimal strategy is not yet known. More data is required to guide practice to prevent thrombosis in this population.
Edible marijuana products and potential risks for pediatric populations
Authors: Lin Allison , O’Connor Mary , Behnam Reta , Hatef Claudia , Milanaik Ruth 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of review
In recent years, an increasing number of states have legalized marijuana, also known as cannabis, for recreational use. As marijuana becomes more accessible, adolescent use and accidental pediatric exposures are likely to become broad public health concerns. Edible marijuana products, which are consumable foods or beverages that contain cannabis extract, are particularly enticing to youth, as they come in appealing forms such as candies, cookies, and drinks. The purpose of this review is to provide pediatricians with an overview of the different types and potential dangers associated with edible marijuana products.

Recent findings
Edible marijuana products are often indistinguishable in appearance from normal food items and lack the smell and visible smoke associated with inhaled marijuana. Because they are inconspicuous, palatable, and easily accessible, they are increasingly popular among adolescents. Additionally, the packaging of edible baked goods, candies, and drinks is often purposefully very similar to that of mainstream foods, increasing the risk of accidental ingestion by children. An edible marijuana product must be digested before Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol can enter the bloodstream, so there is a delayed onset of effects when consuming edibles compared with inhaling marijuana. This also predisposes users to accidental overconsumption.

Summary
Greater knowledge of edible marijuana product consumption by pediatric populations will allow pediatricians to more effectively help patients and advise caregivers in cases of overconsumption, dependence, or accidental ingestion. It is important for parents, guardians, and educators to be able to successfully identify edible marijuana products and recognize signs of cannabis use.
Seeing and Extrapolating motion trajectories share common informative activation patterns in primary visual cortex
Authors: Agostino Camila Silveira , Merkel Christian , Ball Felix , Vavra Peter , Hinrichs Hermann , Noesselt Toemme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe natural environment is dynamic and moving objects become constantly occluded, engaging the brain in a challenging completion process to estimate where and when the object might reappear. Although motion extrapolation is critical in daily life – imagine crossing the street while an approaching car is occluded by a larger standing vehicle – its neural underpinnings are still not well understood. While the engagement of low-level visual cortex during dynamic occlusion has been postulated, most of the previous group-level fMRI-studies failed to find evidence for an involvement of low-level visual areas during occlusion. In this fMRI-study, we therefore used individually-defined retinotopic maps and multivariate pattern analysis to characterize the neural basis of visible and occluded motion in humans. To this end, participants learned velocity-direction pairings (slow motion-upwards; fast motion-downwards or vice versa) during a training phase without occlusion and judged the stimulus direction, based on its velocity, during a following test phase with occlusion. We find that occluded motion direction can be predicted from the activity patterns during visible motion within low-level visual areas, supporting the notion of a mental representation of motion trajectory in these regions during occlusion.Highlights* Dynamically occluded information is processed in low-level visual cortex* Specific regions inside low-level visual areas encode visible and dynamically occluded information* Overlap of visible and occluded informative activity patterns in the visual field suggest shared computational circuits in primary visual cortex
Use of Packed Red Blood Cell Mechanical Fragility to Indicate Transfusion Outcomes
Authors: Tarasev M. , Chakraborty S. , Alfano K. , Muchnik M. , Gao X. , Davenport R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hypothesis for this study was that RBC mechanical fragility (MF) could be an aggregatein vitroproperty predictive of transfused RBC performancein vivo. Various MF values were obtained via MF profiling, based on several variations of testing parameters, using both a “legacy” approach (with a commercial, cam-based vertical bead mill and a spectrophotometer) and a more proprietary approach (with a custom-developed, electromagnetic horizontal bead mill combined with proprietary optics and analysis). A total of 52 transfusion events in 32 different patients recruited from the University of Michigan were included in this study. Results were assessed using mixed effects and linear regression models. RBC MF was shown to predict about 15% of transfusion-associated changes in patient hemoglobin concentration, but not of secondary hemolysis-associated metrics (serum hemoglobin, HAP, and LDH). This result was affected by several factors that were not fully accounted for, including variability in post-transfusion blood collection time and variability in each blood unit volumes. Inclusion of the number of units transfused showed the potential to improve predictive capability, thus highlighting the potential importance of underlying patient condition necessitating the second unit transfusion. Certain ways of applying the bead-induced mechanical stress showed MF results more suitable for predicting transfusion outcomes than others indicating potential significance of flow stress type for assessing storage-induced RBC membrane damage. That highlights an opportunity for improvement of the potential for use of MF metrics, through identification of optimal stress application parameters (possibly by further varying parameters used here, as well as others) for assessing contribution of storage-lesion-associated RBC damage on transfused RBC performance.
Amyloid-β seeding effects are dependent on the presence of knock-in genes in the AppNL-G-F mice
Authors: Lacoursiere Sean G. , Safar Jiri , Westaway David , Mohajerani Majid H. , Sutherland Robert J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the prion-like propagation of amyloid-β (Aβ). However, the role of Aβ in cognitive impairment is still unclear. To determine the causal role of Aβ in AD, we intracerebrally seeded the entorhinal cortex of two-month-old AppNL-G-F mouse model with an Aβ peptide derived from patients who died from rapidly progressing AD. When the mice were three and six months of age, or one- and four-months following seeding, respectively, spatial learning and memory were tested using the Morris water task. Immunohistochemical labeling showed seeding with the Aβ seed increased plaque size one month following seeding, but reduced plaque counts four months following injection compared to the control seeded mice. A significant increase in microgliosis was found. However, we found no correlation between pathology and spatial performance. The results of the present study show that seeding human tissue with or without Aβ alters learning and memory ability, Aβ plaque deposition, plaque size, and microgliosis in the AppNL-G-F knock-in model, and these effects are dependent on the presence of a humanized App gene and the presence of Aβ in the seed. But these pathological changes were not initially causal in memory impairment.
An Investigation of the YidC-Mediated Membrane Insertion of Pf3 Coat Protein Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Polasa Adithya , Hettige Jeevapani , Immadisetty Kalyan , Moradi Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

AbstractYidC is a membrane protein that facilitates the insertion of newly synthesized proteins into lipid membranes. Through YidC, proteins are inserted into the lipid bilayer via the SecYEG-dependent complex. Additionally, YidC functions as a chaperone in protein folding processes. Several studies have provided evidence of its independent insertion mechanism. However, the mechanistic details of the YidC independent protein insertion mechanism remain elusive at the molecular level. This study elucidates the insertion mechanism of YidC at an atomic level through a combination of equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Different docking models of YidC-Pf3 in the lipid bilayer were built in this study to better understand the insertion mechanism. To conduct a complete investigation of the conformational difference between the two docking models developed, we used classical molecular dynamics simulations supplemented with a non-equilibrium technique. Our findings indicate that the YidC transmembrane (TM) groove is essential for this high-affinity interaction and that the hydrophilic nature of the YidC groove plays an important role in protein transport across the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer to the periplasmic side. At different stages of the insertion process, conformational changes in YidC’s TM domain and membrane core have a mechanistic effect on the Pf3 coat. Furthermore, during the insertion phase, the hydration and dehydration of the YidC’s hydrophilic groove are critical. These demonstrate that Pf3 interactions with the membrane and YidC vary in different conformational states during the insertion process. Finally, this extensive study directly confirms that YidC functions as an independent insertase.
Phenotypic stasis with genetic divergence
Authors: Mallard François , Noble Luke , Guzella Thiago , Afonso Bruno , Baer Charles F. , Teotónio Henrique 
Published: May 2022

1AbstractWhether or not genetic divergence on the short-term of tens to hundreds of generations is compatible with phenotypic stasis remains a relatively unexplored problem. We evolved predominantly outcrossing, genetically diverse populations of the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansunder a constant and homogeneous environment for 240 generations, and followed individual locomotion behavior. Although founders of lab populations show highly diverse locomotion behavior, during lab evolution the component traits of locomotion behavior – defined as the transition rates in activity and direction – did not show divergence from the ancestral population. In contrast, transition rates’ genetic (co)variance structure showed a marked divergence from the ancestral state and differentiation among replicate populations during the final 100 generations and after most adaptation had been achieved. We observe that genetic differentiation is a transient pattern during the loss of genetic variance along phenotypic dimensions under drift during the last 100 generations of lab evolution. These results suggest that short-term stasis of locomotion behavior is maintained because of stabilizing selection, while the genetic structuring of component traits is contingent upon drift history.
Gcm: a novel anti-inflammatory transcriptional cascade conserved from flies to humans
Authors: Pavlidaki Alexia , Panic Radmila , Monticelli Sara , Riet Céline , Yuasa Yoshihiro , Cattenoz Pierre B. , Nait-Oumesmar Brahim , Giangrande Angela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInnate immunity is an ancestral process that can induce pro- and anti-inflammatory states. A major challenge is to characterise the transcriptional cascades that modulate the response to chronic and acute inflammatory challenges. TheDrosophila melanogasterGcm transcription factor represents an interesting candidate for its potential anti-inflammatory role. Here we explore its evolutionary conservation and its mode of action. We found that the murine orthologGcm2(mGcm2) is expressed upon aging, which is considered as a state of chronic inflammation. mGcm2 is found in a subpopulation of microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression is also induced by a lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced CNS demyelination (acute inflammation) andmGcm2conditional knock out mice show an increased inflammatory phenotype upon aging or LPC injection. In agreement with the role of this transcriptional cascade in inflammation, the human orthologhGCM2is expressed in active demyelinating lesions of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Finally,Drosophila gcmexpression is induced upon aging as well as during an acute inflammatory response and its overexpression decreases the inflammatory phenotype. Altogether, our data show that the inducible Gcm pathway is highly conserved from flies up to humans and represents a potential therapeutic anti-inflammatory target in the control of the inflammatory response.
Scientometric review of construction conflict from 1991 to 2020
Authors: Liu Nan , Zhou Rui , Jin Ruoyu , Xiao Qing , Hu Zhipeng 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarize the research of construction conflict from 1991 to 2020 and propose research directions for future scholarly work. During the recent decades, it is widely accepted that construction conflict is inevitable, and conflict management has become an important component of project management. However, few works were done to map the global study in this field, there is limited review that evaluates the current stage of construction conflict research.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted a holistic literature review approach that incorporates bibliometric search and scientometric analysis. A total of 698 bibliographic records from the Web of Science core collection database were collected for the scientometric analysis. CiteSpace5.7 was adopted for the science mapping purpose in this study.FindingsThrough co-authorship analysis, co-word analysis and co-citation analysis, influential scholars and journals are identified. Several research trends are highlighted according to the scientometric analyses of the construction conflict topics. For example, the application of simulation and algorithms to the study of construction conflict management systems.Practical implicationsConstruction is a resource-intensive, multi-participant and multi-targeted industry. Conflicts always exist in the whole life cycle of construction projects, it is important for industry practitioners to be updated of the latest movement and progress of the academic research.Originality/valueThis study contributed to the body of knowledge in construction conflict and bridge the research gap in the thorough review of previous research work.
The impact of social and organisational capital on service innovation capability during COVID-19: the mediating role of strategic environmental scanning
Authors: Blaique Lama , Abu-Salim Taghreed , Asad Mir Farzana , Omahony Barry 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis purpose of this study was to examine the impact of social and organisational capital on service innovation capability among service firms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed research model, data were collected using a cross-sectional questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 188 private and public service sector managers in the UAE. Partial least square-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine the research model's validity and reliability and to test the research hypothesis.FindingsThe empirical evidence indicates that during this pandemic the relationship between social capital and service innovation capability was fully mediated by strategic environmental scanning, while partially mediating the relationship between organisational capital and service innovation capability.Practical implicationsManagers in service organisations must be proactive during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, they should emphasise effective environmental scanning and the tracking of customer preferences to provide customised services that are valued and meet the emerging requirements of their customers. Prioritising investment in organisational capital to enhance innovation capacity is also recommended.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine strategic environmental scanning as a mediator between social and organisational capital and service innovation capacity during a pandemic. There were significant differences between the findings of our study and previous studies: the authors found that, during crises, management priorities change, and businesses become more reliant on organisational capital to develop service innovation capability.
Multi-hazard risk assessment of typhoon, typhoon-rainfall and post-typhoon-rainfall in the Mid-Central Coastal region of Vietnam
Authors: Thuc Tran , Thanh Thuy Tran , Huong Huynh Thi Lan 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a multi-hazard risk assessment method based on probability theory and a set of economic, social and environmental indicators, which considers the increase in hazards when they occur concurrently or consecutively.

Design/methodology/approach
Disaster risk assessment generally considers the impact and vulnerability of a single hazard to the affected location/object without considering the combination of multiple hazards occurring concurrently or consecutively. However, disasters are often closely related, occurring in combination or at the same time. Probability theory was used to assess multi-hazard, and a matrix method was used to assess the interaction of hazard vulnerabilities.

Findings
The results of the case study for the Mid-Central Coastal Region show that the proportions of districts at a very high class of multi-hazard, multi-vulnerabilities and multi-hazard risk are 81%, 89% and 82%, respectively. Multi-hazard risk level tends to decrease from North to South and from East to West. A total of 100% of coastal districts are at high to very high multi-hazard risk classes. The research results could assist in the development of disaster risk reduction programs towards sustainable development and support the management to reduce risks caused by multi-hazard.

Originality/value
The multi-risk assessment method developed in this study is based on published literature, allowing to compare quantitatively multiple risk caused by multi-hazard occurring concurrently or consecutively, in which, a relative increase in hazard and vulnerability is considered. The method includes the assessment of three components of disaster risk including multi-hazard, exposure and multi-vulnerability. Probability and Copula theories were used to assess multi-hazard, and a matrix method was used to assess the interaction intensity of multi-vulnerabilities in the system.
Reformulating the empowerment process through women entrepreneurship in a collective context
Authors: Ng Poh Yen , Wood Bronwyn P. , Bastian Bettina Lynda 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop an empirically informed framework to analyze women empowerment and entrepreneurship, contextualized within a collective society.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews with women entrepreneurs located in the United Arab Emirates to understand their entrepreneurial experiences and how they were empowered.FindingsFindings suggest that the three aspects of power characterized as “positive” from within Rowlands’ distinctions (“power to”, “power with” and “power within”) dominate, as opposed to those emphasized in the literature (“power to” and “power over”). Findings include empowerment of the “me” (individual) also synergistically contributes to empowerment of the “we” (society), when considering empowerment within a collective society.Originality/valueA psychology model was used as a basis to develop a Collective Empowerment Process Framework. This framework provides a fresh look at empowerment, allowing for explanations of how women in specific contexts experience empowerment and social change.
Mentoring roles in an afterschool STEM mentoring program: an investigation of why mentors enact different roles
Authors: Rangel Virginia Snodgrass , Henderson Jerrod A. , Doan Victoria , Greer Rick , Manuel Mariam 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThe purposes of this study were to describe the roles mentors enacted as part of an afterschool science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) program and how those roles varied across three sites and to explain those differences.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a comparative case study design and collected data primarily from interviews with program mentors and observations of the sessions.FindingsThe authors found that the mentors played four roles, depending on the school site: teachers, friends, support and role models. Mentors interpreted cues from the environment in light of their own identities, which ultimately led them to construct a plausible understanding of their roles as mentors.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors identify four mentoring roles that are somewhat consistent with prior research and demonstrate that the roles mentors enact can vary systematically across sites, and these variations can be explained by sensemaking. This study also contributes to research on mentoring roles by elaborating each identified role and offering a framework to explain variability in mentor role enactment.Practical implicationsThe authors recommend that mentoring program directors discuss the roles that mentors may enact with mentors as part of their training and that they engage mentors in identity work and also recommend that program managers create unstructured time for mentors to socialize outside STEM activities with their mentees.Originality/valueThis study contributes to mentoring research by using sensemaking theory to highlight how and why mentoring roles differ across school sites.