bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of miR-592-3p and Its Target Gene, TMEFF1, in the Nucleus Accumbens During Incubation of Morphine Craving
Authors: Xie Bing , Zhang Jingjing , Ma Chunling , Yu Hailei , Ni Zhiyu , Cong Bin , Wen Di 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Prolonged forced abstinence from morphine can increase cue-induced cravings for the drug, contributing to a persistent vulnerability to relapse. Previous studies have identified the implications of aberrant microRNA (miRNA) regulation in the pathogenesis of morphine addiction, but the changes in miRNA expression during the incubation of morphine craving are still unknown.

Methods
Nucleus accumbens (NAc)-specific altered miRNA transcriptomics was determined in a mouse model of cue-induced incubation of morphine craving following a next-generation sequencing method and verified by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the target gene of selected miRNA, and the protein expression of the target gene was detected by western blot. A dual-luciferase assay was performed to confirm the binding sites, and gain- and loss-of-function strategy was applied to understand the mechanism of miRNA and its target gene.

Results
The miR-592-3p observed to be downregulated in the NAc core was linked to the incubation of morphine craving, and a dual-luciferase assay was performed to confirm the binding sites of miR-592-3p in its target gene, tomoregulin-1 (TMEFF1). Also, gain- and loss-of-function analyses revealed that the inhibition of miR-592-3p expression in the NAc core negatively regulated TMEFF1 expression, thereby enhancing the incubation of morphine craving; however, the overexpression of miR-592-3p in the NAc core resulted in a decreased expression of TMEFF1, thereby reducing the incubation of morphine craving.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrated that miR-592-3p can improve the incubation of morphine craving by targeting TMEFF1, and thus, it holds a therapeutic potential to inhibit opioid craving.
On the Hölder Estimate of Kähler–Ricci Flow
Authors: Chu Jianchun , Lee Man-Chun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is conjectured by Song–Tian that the normalized Kähler–Ricci flow on compact Kähler manifolds with semi-ample canonical line bundle is uniformly smooth away from the singular fibers. In this work, we adapt the method in the work of Hein–Tosatti on collapsing Calabi–Yau metrics and obtain a uniform spatial Hölder estimate along the normalized Kähler–Ricci flow for all time away from the singular fiber.
Rapid Cytokine Release Assays for Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Specific T Cells in Whole Blood
Authors: Törnell Andreas , Grauers Wiktorin Hanna , Ringlander Johan , Arabpour Mohammad , Nilsson Malin R , Nilsson Staffan , Kiffin Roberta , Lindh Magnus , Lagging Martin , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Martner Anna 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Waning of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) complicates the diagnosis of past infection. The durability of T-cell memory against SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear, and most current T-cell protocols are unsuited for large-scale automation.

Methods
Whole-blood samples from 31 patients with verified past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 46 controls, of whom 40 received COVID-19 vaccine, were stimulated with peptides spanning the nucleocapsid (NC) or spike 1 (S1) regions of SARS-CoV-2 and analyzed for interferon γ in supernatant plasma. Diagnostic accuracy of these assays was evaluated against serum anti-NC and anti–receptor-binding domain S1-IgG.

Results
Induction of interferon γ in whole blood by NC or S1 peptides diagnosed past COVID-19 with high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.93 and 0.95, respectively). In accordance with previous studies, NC-IgG levels rapidly waned with only 5 of 17 patients (29%) remaining seropositive &gt;180 days after infection. By contrast, NC peptide–induced T-cell memory responses remained in 13 of 17 study participants (76%) &gt;180 days after infection (P = .01 for comparison with NC-IgG; McNemar test). After 2 vaccine doses, all 18 donors exhibited S1-specific T-cell memory.

Conclusions
Cytokine release assays for the monitoring of T-cell memory in whole blood may be useful for evaluating complications following unverified past COVID-19 and for long-term assessment of vaccine-induced T-cell immunity.

Clinical Trials Registration
EudraCT 2021-000349-42.
Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Proof of Concept
Authors: Vedhara Kavita , Ayling Kieran , Jia Ru , Fairclough Lucy , Morling Joanne R , Ball Jonathan K , Knight Holly , Blake Holly , Corner Jessica , Denning Chris , Bolton Kirsty , Jackson Hannah , Coupland Carol , Tighe Patrick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Psychological factors can influence susceptibility to viral infections. We examined whether such influences are evident in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods
Participants (n = 102) completed measures of anxiety, depression, positive mood, and loneliness and provided a blood sample for the measurement of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 was significantly negatively associated with anxiety and depression. The model remained significant after adjustment for age and gender, although anxiety and depression were no longer significant independent predictors.

Conclusions
These findings offer early support for the hypothesis that psychological factors may influence susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Daily Variation in Sampled Densities ofIxodes scapularisandAmblyomma americanum(Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs at a Single Site—Implications for Assessing Acarological Risk
Authors: Schulze Terry L , Jordan Robert A 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe public health challenge posed by tick-borne disease (TBD) has increased efforts to characterize the spatial and temporal distribution of ticks and associated pathogens to better focus tick control strategies and personal protection measures. We describe variability in nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.) density derived from daily drag sampling at a single location in New Jersey over 4 yr and explore how observed differences in daily collections might affect the estimation of acarological risk. We found significant variability in the density of host-seeking nymphs that could suggest substantially different rates of human-tick encounters depending on sampling date, habitat, and ambient weather conditions. The spatial and temporal variability in the distribution of 2 sympatric tick species with different host preferences and questing strategies, suggests that to produce results that are comparable among sites across the area sampled, surveillance efforts may be limited to shorter collection seasons, fewer sites or less sampling effort (fewer plots or fewer visits) per site, and a geographic scope that minimizes the potential temporal and spatial biases indicated here. Our results illustrate that evaluation of models of tick distribution or relative acarological risk based on surveillance data requires a full description of the diversity of habitats sampled and the conditions under which sampling is performed. The array of factors that affect tick host-seeking and that could bias interpretation of sampling results emphasizes the need to standardize sampling protocols and for more caution when interpreting tick sampling data collected over large temporal and spatial scales.
Differences in functional traits among distinct populations of the plant invaderBunias orientalis
Authors: Binama Blaise , Müller Caroline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlants that expand their range and become invasive in other areas may shift several functional traits in response to specific environments. However, local conditions at the place of origin may have shaped the functional traits, which may to some extent remain visible in plants growing in new habitats. The present study aimed to explore the trait variation in different plant populations of native, invasive and naturalized status of Bunias orientalis grown in common conditions in relation to the climatic conditions at their place of origin. Seeds of B. orientalis were collected from 12 populations (4 per status) in 8 countries and grown under standardized conditions in a common field garden. The variation in several functional traits related to phenology, growth and reproduction was compared among status and among populations. Phenology did not differ according to status. However, several plants of the native populations, originating from areas with low annual temperatures, did not start flowering. Plants of the invasive populations produced more leaves than natives, potentially indicating their vigor in building up vegetative biomass. Number and mass of silicles and other growth traits did not differ among status groups but varied among populations. Some of the variation in functional traits may be explained by long-term adaptations to local conditions at the areas of origin and genetic diversity, while other environmental factors differing in the novel environment may contribute to a high trait variation.
Links between autophagy and lipid droplet dynamics
Authors: Xu Changcheng , Fan Jilian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAutophagy is a catabolic process in which cytoplasmic components are delivered to vacuoles or lysosomes for degradation and nutrient recycling. Autophagy-mediated degradation of membrane lipids provides a source of fatty acids for the synthesis of energy-rich, storage lipid esters such as triacylglycerol (TAG). In eukaryotes, storage lipids are packaged into dynamic subcellular organelles, lipid droplets. In times of energy scarcity, lipid droplets can be degraded via autophagy in a process termed lipophagy to release fatty acids for energy production via fatty acid β-oxidation. On the other hand, emerging evidence suggests that lipid droplets are required for the efficient execution of autophagic processes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of metabolic interactions between autophagy and TAG storage, and discuss mechanisms of lipophagy. Free fatty acids are cytotoxic due to their detergent-like properties and their incorporation into lipid intermediates that are toxic at high levels. Thus, we also discuss how cells manage lipotoxic stresses during autophagy-mediated mobilization of fatty acids from lipid droplets and organellar membranes for energy generation.
When rain collides with plants—patterns and forces of drop impact and how leaves respond to them
Authors: Roth-Nebelsick Anita , Konrad Wilfried , Ebner Martin , Miranda Tatiana , Thielen Sonja , Nebelsick James H 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRaindrop impact on leaves is a common event which is of relevance for numerous processes, including the dispersal of pathogens and propagules, leaf wax erosion, gas exchange, leaf water absorption, and interception and storage of rainwater by canopies. The process of drop impact is complex, and its outcome depends on many influential factors. The wettability of plants has been recognized as an important parameter which is itself complex and difficult to determine for leaf surfaces. Other important parameters include leaf inclination angle and the ability of leaves to respond elastically to drop impact. Different elastic motions are initiated by drop impact, including local deformation, flapping, torsion, and bending, as well as ‘swinging’ of the petiole. These elastic responses, which occur on different time scales, can affect drop impact directly or indirectly, by changing the leaf inclination. An important feature of drop impact is splashing, meaning the fragmentation of the drop with ejection of satellite droplets. This process is promoted by the kinetic energy of the drop and leaf traits. For instance, a dense trichome cover can suppress splashing. Basic drop impact patterns are presented and discussed for a number of different leaf types, as well as some exemplary mosses.
The prototype X-ray binary GX 339–4: using TeV γ-rays to assess LMXBs as Galactic cosmic ray accelerators
Authors: Kantzas D , Markoff S , Lucchini M , Ceccobello C , Grinberg V , Connors R M T , Uttley P 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Since the discovery of cosmic rays (CRs) over a century ago, their origin remains an open question. Galactic CRs with energy up to the knee (1015 eV) are considered to originate from supernova remnants, but this scenario has recently been questioned due to lack of TeV γ-ray counterparts in many cases. Extragalactic CRs, on the other hand, are thought to be associated with accelerated particles in the relativistic jets launched by supermassive accreting black holes at the centre of galaxies. Scaled down versions of such jets have been detected in X-ray binaries hosting a stellar black hole (BHXBs). In this work, we investigate the possibility that the smaller scale jets in transient outbursts of low-mass BHXBs could be sources of Galactic CRs. To better test this scenario, we model the entire electromagnetic spectrum of such sources focusing on the potential TeV regime, using the ‘canonical’ low-mass BHXB GX 339–4 as a benchmark. Taking into account both the leptonic radiative processes and the γ-rays produced via neutral pion decay from inelastic hadronic interactions, we predict the GeV and TeV γ-ray spectrum of GX 339–4 using lower frequency emission as constraints. Based on this test-case of GX 339–4, we investigate whether other, nearby low-mass BHXBs could be detected by the next-generation very-high-energy γ-ray facility the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which would establish them as additional and numerous potential sources of CRs in the Galaxy.
Magnetic field sustained by the elastic force in neutron star crusts
Authors: Kojima Yasufumi , Kisaka Shota , Fujisawa Kotaro 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigate the magneto–elastic equilibrium of a neutron star crust and magnetic energy stored by the elastic force. The solenoidal motion driven by the Lorentz force can be controlled by the magnetic elastic force, so that conditions for the magnetic field strength and geometry are less restrictive. For equilibrium models, the minor solenoidal part of the magnetic force is balanced by a weak elastic force because the irrotational part is balanced by the dominant gravity and pressure forces. Therefore, a strong magnetic field may be confined in the interior, regardless of poloidal or toroidal components. We numerically calculated axially symmetric models with the maximum shear–strain and found that a magnetic energy &gt;1046 erg can be stored in the crust, even for a normal surface dipole-field-strength (&lt;1013 G). The magnetic energy much exceeds the elastic energy (1044−1045 erg). The shear–stress spatial distribution revealed that the elastic structure is likely to break down near the surface. In particular, the critical position is highly localized at a depth less than 100 m from the surface.
Unprecedented change in the position of four radio sources
Authors: Titov Oleg , Frey Sándor , Melnikov Alexey , Lambert Sébastien , Shu Fengchun , Xia Bo , González Javier , Tercero Belén , Gulayev Sergey , Weston Stuart , Natusch Tim 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTAstrometric positions of radio-emitting active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be determined with sub-milliarcsec accuracy using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). The usually small apparent proper motion of distant extragalactic targets allow us to realize the fundamental celestial reference frame with VLBI observations. However, long-term astrometric monitoring may reveal extreme changes in some AGN positions. Using new VLBI observations in 2018–2021, we show here that four extragalactic radio sources (3C 48, CTA 21, 1144+352, 1328+254) have a dramatic shift in their positions by 20–130 mas over two decades. For all four sources, the apparent positional shift is caused by their radio structure change.
Stellar evolution and tidal dissipation in REBOUNDx
Authors: Baronett Stanley A , Ferich Noah , Tamayo Daniel , Steffen Jason H 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
To study the post-main sequence evolution of the Solar system and exoplanetary systems more accurately and efficiently, we introduce two new features to reboundx, an extended library for the N-body integrator rebound. The first is a convenient parameter interpolator for coupling different physics and integrators using numerical splitting schemes. The second implements a constant time lag model for tides without evolving spins. We demonstrate various uses of these features using stellar evolution data from mesa (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) as an example. The results of our tests agree with several studies in the literature on post-main sequence orbital evolution, and our convergence and performance studies, respectively, demonstrate our implementations’ accuracy and efficiency. These additional effects are publicly available as of reboundx’s latest release.
The high-velocity clouds above the disc of the outer Milky Way: misty precipitating gas in a region roiled by stellar streams
Authors: Tripp Todd M 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The high-velocity clouds (HVCs) in the outer Milky Way at 20° &lt; l &lt; 190° have similar spatial locations, metallicities, and kinematics. Moreover, their locations and kinematics are coincident with several extraplanar stellar streams. The HVC origins may be connected to the stellar streams, either stripped directly from them or precipitated by the aggregate dynamical roiling of the region by the stream progenitors. This paper suggests that these HVCs are ‘misty’ precipitation in the stream wakes based on the following observations. New high-resolution (2.6 km s−1) ultraviolet spectroscopy of the QSO H1821+643 resolves what appears to be a single HVC absorption cloud (at 7 km s−1 resolution) into five components with T ≲ 3 × 104 K. Photoionization models can explain the low-ionization components but require some depletion of refractory elements by dust, and model degeneracies allow a large range of metallicity. High-ionization absorption lines (Si iv, C iv, and O vi) are kinematically aligned with the lower-ionization lines and cannot be easily explained with photoionization or equilibrium collisional ionization; these lines are best matched by non-equilibrium rapidly cooling models, i.e. condensing/precipitating gas, with high metallicity and a significant amount of H i. Both the low- and high-ionization phases have low ratios of cooling time to freefall time and cooling time to sound-crossing time, which enables fragmentation and precipitation. The H1821+643 results are corroborated by spectroscopy of six other nearby targets that likewise show kinematically correlated low- and high-ionization absorption lines with evidence of dust depletion and rapid cooling.
Stellar rotation rates in Kepler eccentric (heartbeat) binaries obtained from r-mode signatures
Authors: Saio Hideyuki , Kurtz Donald W 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
R-mode oscillations in a rotating star produce characteristic signatures in a Fourier amplitude spectrum at frequencies related with the rotation frequency, which can be, in turn, used to obtain the surface rotation rate of the star. Some binary stars observed by Kepler indicate the presence of r modes that are probably excited by the tidal effect. In this paper, we have obtained stellar rotation periods in 20 eccentric (heartbeat) binaries with r-mode signatures. The majority of the rotation periods are found to be comparable to pseudo-synchronous periods, in which the angular velocity of rotation is similar to the angular orbital motion of the companion at periastron. In particular, for the heartbeat stars with orbital periods longer than about 8 d, all but one agree with pseudo-synchronous rotation. In contrast to a previous investigation by Zimmerman et al., our result supports the pseudo-synchronisation theory developed by Hut.
Common envelopes in massive stars: towards the role of radiation pressure and recombination energy in ejecting red supergiant envelopes
Authors: Lau Mike Y M , Hirai Ryosuke , González-Bolívar Miguel , Price Daniel J , De Marco Orsola , Mandel Ilya 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We perform 3D hydrodynamical simulations of a common-envelope event involving a 12$\, \rm {M}_{\odot }$ red supergiant donor. Massive stars are expected to be qualitatively different from low-mass stars as their envelopes have significant support from radiation pressure, which increases both the final separation and amount of mass ejected through the common-envelope interaction. We perform adiabatic simulations that include radiation energy through the equation of state, which results in ejecting 60 per cent more mass (up to two thirds of the total envelope mass becoming unbound, or more) and yield a 10 per cent larger final separation compared to simulations that assume an ideal gas. When also including recombination energy, we find that at least three quarters of the envelope, and possibly the entire envelope, may be unbound. The final separation further increases by almost 20 per cent. The additional amount of ejected material is mainly due to energy injected from helium recombination. Hydrogen recombination plays a comparatively small role, as it mainly occurs in gas that has already become unbound. We conclude that the internal energy of the envelope can be a significant energy source for ejecting the common envelope, but ultimately radiation transport and convection need to be included.
Can phantom transition at z ∼ 1 restore the Cosmic concordance?
Authors: Zhou Zhihuan , Liu Gang , Mu Yuhao , Xu Lixin 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The tension among inferences of Hubble constant (H0) is found in a large array of data sets combinations. Modification to the late expansion history is the most direct solution to this discrepancy. In this work, we examine the viability of restoring the cosmological concordance with a novel version of transitional dark energy (TDE). The main anchors for the cosmic distance scale: cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO), and Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia) calibrated by Cepheids form a ‘impossible trinity’, i.e. it’s plausible to reconcile with any two of the three but unlikely to accommodate them all. Particularly, the tension between BAO and the calibrated SNe Ia cannot be reconciled within the scenarios of late dark energy. Nevertheless, our analysis suggests that the TDE model can reconcile with CMB and SNe Ia calibrated by its absolute magnitude (MB) when the equation of state (EoS) of DE transits around z ∼ 1. Meanwhile, we see a positive sign that the EoS transits with the inclusion of a local prior on MB, whereas the opposite is true without the MB prior.