bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of energy efficiency in the drive system of an electric car with PMSM
Authors: German Galkin S , Tarnapowicz D , Staude M , Zaleski T , Jaśkiewicz M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thanks to the advantages, i.e. high overload, high power density factor, wide range of rotational speed, low moment of inertia, as well as high torque-to-inertia ratio, PMSM AC motors are currently widely used in electric cars. The article presents a new method of PMSM control through the modification of the Clarke and Park transforms that enables to improve the efficiency of the mechatronic system due to the energy criterion. The article shows analytical tests confirming the possibility of maintaining the reactive power at zero level in the inverter-PMSM circuit. The analytical tests were supported by simulation tests with the use of the MATLAB-SIMULINK program.
Carports as an element of energy security for electric vehicles
Authors: Małek A , Wojciechowski Ł 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Energy security with regard to electric vehicles consists in providing an appropriate infrastructure in the form of charging points for electric vehicles, which are able to generate and supply the traction batteries of vehicles with an appropriate amount of electricity. This role is played very well by photovoltaic carports, which are the structures designed to generate electricity and generate a shadow. The vehicle parked under the carport structure is protected against excessive heating. The shade for the parked vehicle is provided by a photovoltaic system mounted on the roof of the carport. Carports are, therefore, an ideal solution for charging electric vehicles. The article analyzes the problem that is related to the selection of peak power of the carport for the electric vehicle (or vehicles) that will be parked under it. An economic and energy analysis is carried out to ensure the fastest and cheapest charging of an electric vehicle. The authors present a study of two cases of carports of different sizes, which were used to charge electric vehicles of various brands with different sizes of traction batteries and different powers of on-board chargers. The results obtained from the conducted research and analysis can be generalized to a larger number of carports and vehicles available on the market.
Focused electron beam transport through a long narrow metal tube at elevated pressures in the forevacuum range
Authors: BAKEEV Ilya , KARPOV Kirill , KLIMOV Aleksandr , OKS Efim , ZENIN Aleksey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present here our investigations of the features of focused electron beam transport in free space at elevated pressures of a few pascals. We have explored the effect of the beam accelerating voltage, operating gas pressure, and magnetic focusing upon the trajectory of beam electrons in the crossover region, in particular on the beam convergence and divergence angles. It is shown that for the forevacuum pressure range of 2–5 Pa explored, a distinctive feature of the propagation of a focused electron beam with a current of up to 20 mA at an accelerating voltage of 10–20 kV is the difference in the angles of convergence (before the focus) and divergence (after the focus). Whereas at a low pressure of 2 Pa the divergence angle is smaller than the convergence angle, as the pressure increases the divergence angle increases and for pressures greater than 5 Pa the divergence angle is greater than the convergence angle. The results obtained were used in experiments on electron beam transport through a long narrow metal tube with a diameter of 5.8–9.2 mm and length of 10–30 cm. We show that for a 30 cm long tube of 7.5 mm diameter, the focused beam transmission can exceed 70%.
Wafer-scale microfabrication of flexible organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Thiburce Quentin , Melosh Nicholas , Salleo Alberto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We describe a photolithographic process to fabricate organic microdevices on flexible substrates that relies on photolithography and dry etching and is entirely compatible with standard cleanroom wafer processing equipment. A conductive polymer is used as active material to fabricate organic electrochemical transistors on a flexible polyimide substrate. The transistors are operated both with a solid-state ion gel electrolyte and an aqueous electrolyte, thus demonstrating their applicability as building blocks as both flexible integrated circuits and biosensors. Miniaturized transistors with 2 μm-long channels are also demonstrated to showcase the ability of the microfabrication process to define small features. We believe the proposed process flow offers a high resolution alternative to printing techniques by taking full advantage of the superior reliability of established semiconductor device manufacturing techniques and facilities.
Conduction state transition induced by solitons in a graphene junction at room temperature
Authors: Righes Fabrizio , Vassallo Giorgio , Parchi Guido 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of this research was the study of the transition between high and low electrical resistivity states of two overlapped graphene layers when subjected to short electromagnetic pulses (soliton waves). These transitions have already been previously observed by the authors in experiments carried out with different conductors, separated by a tiny insulating layer. The choice of a highly ordered material, such as graphene, was justified by the attempt to achieve greater stability and reproducibility of these transitions. What has been observed is an instantaneous reversible transition of the graphene overlapped layers to/from a state of insulator with resistance in the order of Mohms from/to a state of resistance of few ohms or, in some cases, of zero ohms. The transition from a high resistance state to a lower one requires EM pulses of different polarity than the transition from a low resistivity state to a higher one. Some intermediate relatively stable states have also been observed.
VI—Aesthetic Beautification
Authors: Huddleston Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aesthetic beautification is a familiar artistic phenomenon. Even as they face death, heroes and heroines in operas still sing glorious music. Characters in Shakespearean tragedies still deliver beautifully eloquent speeches in the throes of despair. Even when depicting suffering and horror, paintings can still remain a transfixing delight for the eyes. In such cases, the work of art represents or expresses something to which we would, in ordinary life, attribute a negative valence (suffering, horror, death, and the like), but it does so beautifully. Doubtless there is not a single explanation for what transpires in art of this sort or in our experience of it. With some aesthetically beautified art, its foremost goal might be giving aesthetic pleasure, and the beauty of the aesthetic form, even when depicting horrors, is in the service of this primary aim. In other art, the beautification might seek to be jarring and thought-provoking, highlighting a disconnect between the aesthetic frame and what is portrayed. These routes explain much of aesthetic beautification. But I am particularly interested in considering another, still more specific, response: finding ourselves somehow consoled by the beautification. I begin with some reflections on aesthetic beautification in general, and then turn to consider how beautification and consolation might be connected, and what to make of this.
Segmental Versus Total Colectomy for Crohn’s Disease in the Biologic Era: Results From The SCOTCH International, Multicentric Study
Authors: Pellino Gianluca , Rottoli Matteo , Mineccia Michela , Frontali Alice , Celentano Valerio , Colombo Francesco , Baldi Caterina , Ardizzone Sandro , Martí Gallostra Marc , Espín-Basany Eloy , Ferrero Alessandro , Panis Yves , Poggioli Gilberto , Sampietro Gianluca M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The extent of resection in colonic Crohn’s disease [cCD] is still a topic of debate, depending on the number of locations, the risk of recurrence and permanent stoma, and the role of medical therapy.

Methods
The Segmental COlecTomy for CroHn’s disease [SCOTCH] international study is a retrospective analysis on six tertiary centre prospective databases, comprising all consecutive, unselected patients operated on between 2000 and 2019 with segmental colectomy [SC] or total colectomy [TC] for cCD. The primary aim was long-term surgical recurrence. Secondary aims were perioperative complications, stoma formation and predictors of recurrence.

Results
Among 687 patients, SC was performed in 285 [41.5%] and TC in 402 [58.5%]. Mean age at diagnosis and surgery, disease duration, and follow-up were 30 ± 15.8, 40.4 ± 15.4, 10.4 ± 8.6 and 7.1 ± 5.2 years respectively. Isolated cCD, inflammatory pattern, perianal CD, younger age, longer disease duration and preoperative maximal therapy were more frequent in TC, while SC presented more small bowel locations and perforating disease, required fewer 90-day re-admissions, and fewer temporary and definitive stomas. Morbidity and mortality were similar. The 15-year surgical recurrence was 44% in TC and 27% in SC [p = 0.006]. In patients with one to three diseased segments, recurrence risk was related to the omission of biological therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 5.6), the number of segments [HR 2.5], perianal disease [HR 1.9] and paediatric diagnosis [HR 2.8].

Conclusion
When technically feasible, SC is safe and reduces temporary and permanent stoma. Young age, number of locations and perianal disease adversely affect, but postoperative biological therapy significantly reduces, the long-term surgical recurrence.
Falls prediction using the nursing home minimum dataset
Authors: Boyce Richard D , Kravchenko Olga V , Perera Subashan , Karp Jordan F , Kane-Gill Sandra L , Reynolds Charles F , Albert Steven M , Handler Steven M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a model to predict the risk of experiencing a fall for nursing home residents utilizing data that are electronically available at the more than 15 000 facilities in the United States.

Materials and Methods
The fall prediction model was built and tested using 2 extracts of data (2011 through 2013 and 2016 through 2018) from the Long-term Care Minimum Dataset (MDS) combined with drug data from 5 skilled nursing facilities. The model was created using a hybrid Classification and Regression Tree (CART)-logistic approach.

Results
The combined dataset consisted of 3985 residents with mean age of 77 years and 64% female. The model’s area under the ROC curve was 0.668 (95% confidence interval: 0.643–0.693) on the validation subsample of the merged data.

Discussion
Inspection of the model showed that antidepressant medications have a significant protective association where the resident has a fall history prior to admission, requires assistance to balance while walking, and some functional range of motion impairment in the lower body; even if the patient exhibits behavioral issues, unstable behaviors, and/or are exposed to multiple psychotropic drugs.

Conclusion
The novel hybrid CART-logit algorithm is an advance over the 22 fall risk assessment tools previously evaluated in the nursing home setting because it has a better performance characteristic for the fall prediction window of ≤90 days and it is the only model designed to use features that are easily obtainable at nearly every facility in the United States.
How Does Post-Earnings Announcement Sentiment Affect Firms’ Dynamics? New Evidence from Causal Machine Learning
Authors: Audrino Francesco , Chassot Jonathan , Huang Chen , Knaus Michael , Lechner Michael , Ortega Juan-Pablo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We revisit the role played by sentiment extracted from news articles related to earnings announcements as a driver of firms’ return, volatility, and trade volume dynamics. To this end, we apply causal machine learning on the earnings announcements of a wide cross-section of U.S. companies. This approach allows us to investigate firms’ price and volume reactions to different types of post-earnings announcement sentiment (positive, negative, and mixed sentiments) under various underlying macroeconomic, financial, and aggregated investors’ moods in a properly defined causal framework. Our empirical results support the presence of (i) economically sizable differences in the effects among sentiment types that are mostly of a non-linear nature depending on the underlying economic and financial conditions; (ii) a leverage effect in sentiment where reactions are (on average) larger for negative sentiment; and (iii) investors’ underreaction to news. In particular, we show that the difference in the average causal effects of the sentiment’s types is larger and more relevant when the general macroeconomic conditions are worse, the investors are pessimist about the behavior of the market and/or its uncertainty is higher, and in market regimes characterized by high stocks’ liquidity.
A Randomized Trial of Telephone-Based Smoking Cessation Treatment in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting
Authors: Taylor Kathryn L , Williams Randi M , Li Tengfei , Luta George , Smith Laney , Davis Kimberly M , Stanton Cassandra A , Niaura Raymond , Abrams David , Lobo Tania , Mandelblatt Jeanne , Jayasekera Jinani , Meza Rafael , Jeon Jihyoun , Cao Pianpian , Anderson Eric D ,   the Georgetown Lung Screening, Tobacco, and Health Trial
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer mortality is reduced via low-dose computed tomography screening and treatment of early-stage disease. Evidence-based smoking cessation treatment in the lung screening setting can further reduce mortality. We report the results of a cessation trial from the National Cancer Institute’s Smoking Cessation at Lung Examination collaboration.

Methods
Eligible patients (n = 818) aged 50-80 years were randomly assigned (May 2017-January 2021) to the intensive vs minimal arms (8 vs 3 phone sessions plus 8 vs 2 weeks of nicotine patches, respectively). Bio-verified (primary) and self-reported 7-day abstinence rates were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months post random assignment. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the effects of study arm. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
Participants reported 48.0 (SD = 17.2) pack-years, and 51.6% were not ready to quit in less than 30 days. Self-reported 3-month quit rates were statistically significantly higher in the intensive vs minimal arm (14.3% vs 7.9%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26 to 3.18). Bio-verified abstinence was lower but with similar relative differences between arms (9.1% vs 3.9%; OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.44 to 5.08). Compared with the minimal arm, the intensive arm was more effective among those with greater nicotine dependence (OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.55 to 7.76), normal screening results (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.32 to 5.03), high engagement in counseling (OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.50 to 6.14), and patch use (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.39 to 5.68). Abstinence rates did not differ statistically significantly between arms at 6 months (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.68 to 2.11) or 12 months (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.82 to 2.42).

Conclusions
Delivering intensive telephone counseling and nicotine replacement with lung screening is an effective strategy to increase short-term smoking cessation. Methods to maintain short-term effects are needed. Even with modest quit rates, integrating cessation treatment into lung screening programs may have a large impact on tobacco-related mortality.
SARS-CoV-2 Brain Regional Detection, Histopathology, Gene Expression, and Immunomodulatory Changes in Decedents with COVID-19
Authors: Serrano Geidy E , Walker Jessica E , Tremblay Cécilia , Piras Ignazio S , Huentelman Matthew J , Belden Christine M , Goldfarb Danielle , Shprecher David , Atri Alireza , Adler Charles H , Shill Holly A , Driver-Dunckley Erika , Mehta Shyamal H , Caselli Richard , Woodruff Bryan K , Haarer Chadwick F , Ruhlen Thomas , Torres Maria , Nguyen Steve , Schmitt Dasan , Rapscak Steven Z , Bime Christian , Peters Joseph L , Alevritis Ellie , Arce Richard A , Glass Michael J , Vargas Daisy , Sue Lucia I , Intorcia Anthony J , Nelson Courtney M , Oliver Javon , Russell Aryck , Suszczewicz Katsuko E , Borja Claryssa I , Cline Madison P , Hemmingsen Spencer J , Qiji Sanaria , Hobgood Holly M , Mizgerd Joseph P , Sahoo Malaya K , Zhang Haiyu , Solis Daniel , Montine Thomas J , Berry Gerald J , Reiman Eric M , Röltgen Katharina , Boyd Scott D , Pinsky Benjamin A , Zehnder James L , Talbot Pierre , Desforges Marc , DeTure Michael , Dickson Dennis W , Beach Thomas G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Brains of 42 COVID-19 decedents and 107 non-COVID-19 controls were studied. RT-PCR screening of 16 regions from 20 COVID-19 autopsies found SARS-CoV-2 E gene viral sequences in 7 regions (2.5% of 320 samples), concentrated in 4/20 subjects (20%). Additional screening of olfactory bulb (OB), amygdala (AMY) and entorhinal area for E, N1, N2, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and S gene sequences detected one or more of these in OB in 8/21 subjects (38%). It is uncertain whether these RNA sequences represent viable virus. Significant histopathology was limited to 2/42 cases (4.8%), one with a large acute cerebral infarct and one with hemorrhagic encephalitis. Case-control RNAseq in OB and AMY found more than 5000 and 700 differentially expressed genes, respectively, unrelated to RT-PCR results; these involved immune response, neuronal constituents, and olfactory/taste receptor genes. Olfactory marker protein-1 reduction indicated COVID-19-related loss of OB olfactory mucosa afferents. Iba-1-immunoreactive microglia had reduced area fractions in cerebellar cortex and AMY, and cytokine arrays showed generalized downregulation in AMY and upregulation in blood serum in COVID-19 cases. Although OB is a major brain portal for SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 brain changes are more likely due to blood-borne immune mediators and trans-synaptic gene expression changes arising from OB deafferentation.
Clinical application and accuracy assessment of imaging-based surgical navigation guided 125I interstitial brachytherapy in deep head and neck regions
Authors: Zhang Guohao , Wu Zhiyuan , Yu Wenting , Lyu Xiaoming , Wu Wenjie , Fan Yi , Wang Yong , Zheng Lei , Huang Mingwei , Zhang Yi , Guo Chuanbin , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Brachytherapy has the advantages of being minimally invasive and highly conformal, and it achieves good results in head and neck tumors. To precisely implant the radioactive seeds according to the preplan in deep head and neck regions, the surgical navigation is applied. This study aims to explore the clinical application and accuracy of imaging-based surgical navigation-guided 125I interstitial brachytherapy in terms of seed position. We included 41 patients with tumors in deep head and neck regions. The brachytherapy treatment plan was designed, and the preplanned data were transferred to the navigation system. Needle implantation and seed delivery were performed under surgical navigation system guidance with or without the combination of individual template. The treatment accuracy was evaluated by comparing seed cluster locations between the preoperative treatment plan and the postoperative treatment outcome. A total of 2879 seeds were delivered. The range, mean and median distances between the geometric centers of the preoperative seed point clusters and the postoperative seed point clusters were 0.8–10.5 mm, 4.5 ± 2.3 mm and 4.1 mm, respectively. The differences between preoperative and postoperative volumes of the minimum bounding box of seed point clusters were nonsignificant. In conclusion, the imaging-based surgical navigation system is a promising clinical tool to provide the preplanned data for interstitial brachytherapy intraoperatively, and it is feasible and accurate for the real-time guidance of needle implantation and seed delivery in deep head and neck regions.
Potential inhibitory effects of low-dose thoron inhalation and ascorbic acid administration on alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice
Authors: Kataoka Takahiro , Ishida Tsuyoshi , Naoe Shota , Kanzaki Norie , Sakoda Akihiro , Tanaka Hiroshi , Mitsunobu Fumihiro , Yamaoka Kiyonori 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Although thoron inhalation exerts antioxidative effects in several organs, there are no reports on whether it inhibits oxidative stress-induced damage. In this study, we examined the combined effects of thoron inhalation and ascorbic acid (AA) administration on alcohol-induced liver damage. Mice were subjected to thoron inhalation at 500 or 2000 Bq/m3 and were administered 50% ethanol (alcohol) and 300 mg/kg AA. Results showed that although alcohol administration increased the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the serum, the combination of thoron inhalation (500 Bq/m3) and AA administration 24 h after alcohol administration effectively inhibited alcohol-induced liver damage. The combination of thoron inhalation (500 Bq/m3) and AA administration 24 h after alcohol administration increased catalase (CAT) activity. Alcohol administration significantly decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver. The GSH content in the liver after 2000 Bq/m3 thoron inhalation was lower than that after 500 Bq/m3 thoron inhalation. These findings suggest that the combination of thoron inhalation at 500 Bq/m3 and AA administration has positive effects on the recovery from alcohol-induced liver damage. The results also suggested that thoron inhalation at 500 Bq/m3 was more effective than that at 2000 Bq/m3, possibly because of the decrease in GSH content in the liver. In conclusion, the combination of thoron inhalation at 500 Bq/m3 and AA administration promoted an early recovery from alcohol-induced liver damage.
Earth through the looking glass: how frequently are we detected by other civilizations through photometric microlensing?
Authors: Suphapolthaworn S , Awiphan S , Chatchadanoraset T , Kerins E , Specht D , Nakharutai N , Komonjinda S , Robin A C 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Microlensing is proving to be one of the best techniques to detect distant, low-mass planets around the most common stars in the Galaxy. In principle, Earth’s microlensing signal could offer the chance for other technological civilizations to find the Earth across Galactic distances. We consider the photometric microlensing signal of Earth to other potential technological civilizations and dub the regions of our Galaxy from which Earth’s photometric microlensing signal is most readily observable as the ‘Earth microlensing zone’ (EMZ). The EMZ can be thought of as the microlensing analogue of the Earth Transit Zone (ETZ) from where observers see Earth transit the Sun. Just as for the ETZ, the EMZ could represent a game-theoretic Schelling point for targeted searches for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI). To compute the EMZ, we use the Gaia DR2 catalogue with magnitude G &lt; 20 to generate Earth microlensing probability and detection rate maps to other observers. While our Solar system is a multiplanet system, we show that Earth’s photometric microlensing signature is almost always well approximated by a binary lens assumption. We then show that the Earth is in fact well hidden to observers with technology comparable to our own. Specifically, even if observers are located around every Gaia DR2 star with G &lt; 20, we expect photometric microlensing signatures from the Earth to be observable on average only tens per year by any of them. In addition, the EMZs overlap with the ETZ near the Galactic Centres which could be the main areas for future SETI searches.