bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endpoints for geroscience clinical trials: health outcomes, biomarkers, and biologic age
Authors: Cummings Steven R. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTreatments that target fundamental processes of aging are expected to delay several aging-related conditions simultaneously. Testing the efficacy of these treatments for potential anti-aging benefits will require clinical trials with endpoints that reflect the potential benefits of slowing processes of aging. There are several potential types of endpoints to capture the benefits of slowing a process of aging, and a consensus is needed to standardize and compare the results of these trials and to guide the analysis of observational data to support trial planning. Using biomarkers instead of clinical outcomes would substantially reduce the size and the duration of clinical trials. This requires validation of surrogate markers showing that treatment induced change in the marker reliably predicts the magnitude of change in the clinical outcome. The surrogate marker must also reflect the biological mechanism for the effect of treatment on the clinical outcome. “Biological age” is a superficially attractive marker for such trials. However, it is essential to establish that treatment induced change in biological age reliably predict the magnitude of benefits in the clinical outcome. Reaching consensus on clinical outcomes for geroscience trials and then validating potential surrogate biomarkers requires time, effort, and coordination that will be worthwhile to develop surrogate outcomes that can be trusted to efficiently test the value of many anti-aging treatments under development.
The Role of Education in Native Dutch Adolescents’ Muslim Population Size Perceptions
Authors: Mulders Anne Maaike , van Tubergen Frank 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates competing explanations for the effect of education on native adolescents’ Muslim population size perceptions. Drawing on theories about heuristic reasoning, we analyze to what extent the effect of education on size perceptions may be explained by differences in contact with and prejudice towards Muslims. The hypotheses are tested using longitudinal data on adolescents in the Netherlands (N = 1218). Overall, there is a tendency to overestimate the size of the national Muslim population. Furthermore, we find that higher educated adolescents tend to provide lower estimates of the Muslim population size. This relationship is partially mediated by earlier differences in school composition, as Muslims are concentrated to a greater extent in lower education. The relation between education and size perceptions cannot be attributed to differences in prejudice. Hence, we conclude that the effect of education on size perceptions is likely due to greater numeracy rather than negative evaluations of the outgroup.
Subsurface structural characterization as deduced from potential field data—West Beni Suef, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Khalil Ahmed , Hafeez Tharwat H. Abdel , kotb Ahmed El , Saleh Hassan S. , Mohamed Waheed H. , Takla Emad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe goal of present study is determining subsurface structural elements by analyzing geomagnetic data sets aiming to examine their impacts on geological surface structures characterizing the western region in Beni-Suef Governorate, Western Desert, Egypt. A land-magnetic survey is conducted by two exceedingly sensitive proton magnetometers to measure the total intensity of geomagnetic field at the region under investigation. The measurements of regional gradients and time variation were applied to get the required reduction of daily variation. The regional expansions of subsurface structural units were obtained after applying the reduction to north magnetic pole (RTP) method to the corrected magnetic data acquired from land-magnetic survey along with Bouguer maps (1:100,000 scale and 1-mGal contouring interval). Regional-residual technique was applied depending on the power spectrum analysis. Moreover, the edge detection approach is conducted to depict the structures and subsurface hidden anomalies. Different handling processes were applied for acquired land magnetic datasets such as Euler deconvolution and trend analysis. The results of current study revealed that four significant structural forces across the N-S, NW–SE, NE-SW, and E-W directions affected the region. Estimating the basement depth was accomplished using a number of spectral analysis techniques. The values of estimated depths are used for creating a basement relief map. Moreover, the achieved results show that depths to the basement at the region under study vary between 2.3 and 4.7 km.
Evaluation of an inflammation-based score for identification of appropriate patients for comprehensive genomic profiling
Authors: Hayashi Naomi , Fukada Ippei , Ohmoto Akihiro , Yamazaki Masumi , Wang Xiaofei , Hosonaga Mari , Takahashi Shunji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPerformance status (PS) is widely used as an assessment of general condition in patients before performing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). However, PS scoring is dependent on each physician, and there is no objective and universal indicator to identify appropriate patients for CGP. Overall, 263 patients were scored using the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) from 0 to 2 based on the combination of serum albumin and c-reactive protein (CRP): 0, albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dl and CRP ≤ 0.5 mg/dl; 1, albumin < 3.5 g/dl or CRP > 0.5 mg/dl; and 2, albumin < 3.5 g/dl and CRP > 0.5 mg/dl. Overall survival was compared between mGPS 0–1 and mGPS 2 groups. The prognosis of patients with PS 0–1 and mGPS 2 was also evaluated. Thirty-nine patients (14.8%) were mGPS 2. Patients with mGPS 2 had significant shorter survival (14.7 months vs 4.6 months, p < 0.01). Twenty-eight patients were PS 0–1 and mGPS 2, and their survival was also short (5.6 months). Evaluation of mGPS is a simple and useful method for identifying patients with adequate prognosis using CGP.
Development of a mathematical model to predict the health impact and duration of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on board cargo vessels
Authors: Ng Kok Yew , Codreanu Tudor A. , Gui Meei Mei , Biglarbeigi Pardis , Finlay Dewar , McLaughlin James 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought significant impact onto the maritime activities worldwide, including disruption to global trade and supply chains. The ability to predict the evolution and duration of a COVID-19 outbreak on cargo vessels would inform a more nuanced response to the event and provide a more precise return-to-trade date. This paper presents the SEIQ(H)R (Susceptibility–Exposed–Infected–Quarantine–(Hospitalisation)–Removed/Recovered) model, which is the first deterministic mathematical model developed and fit-tested to describe the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 on board cargo vessels of up to 60 crew members. Due to specific living and working circumstances on board cargo vessels, instead of utilising the reproduction number, we consider the highest fraction of crew members who share the same nationality to quantify the transmissibility of the disease. The performance of the model is verified using case studies based on data collected during COVID-19 outbreaks on three cargo vessels in Western Australia during 2020. The simulations show that the model can forecast the time taken for the transmission dynamics on each vessel to reach their equilibriums, providing informed predictions on the evolution of the outbreak, including hospitalisation rates and duration. The model demonstrates that (a) all crew members are susceptible to infection; (b) their roles on board are a determining factor in the evolution of the outbreak; and (c) an unmitigated outbreak could affect the entire crew and continue on for many weeks. The ability to model the evolution of an outbreak, in both duration and severity, is essential to predict outcomes and to plan for the best response strategy. At the same time, it offers a higher degree of certainty regarding the return to trade, which is of significant importance to multiple stakeholders.
Delay or postponement of medical care among older adults in the Netherlands at earlier and later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mizee Marlou , Schaap Laura A. , Hoogendijk Emiel O. , van Schoor Natasja M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Aims
The aim of the current study was to compare cancellations or postponement of medical care among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2021 and 2020.

Methods
Data of respondents aged ≥ 62 years were used from the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam (LASA), collected in 2020 and 2021, directly after the main COVID-19 waves in the Netherlands. A questionnaire assessed cancellations of medical care and postponed help-seeking behavior. Descriptive analyses were performed.

Results
Overall, cancellations declined from 35% in 2020 (sample n = 1128) to 17% in 2021 (sample n = 1020). Healthcare-initiated cancellations declined from 29 to 8%. Respondent-initiated cancellations declined from 12 to 7%. Postponed help-seeking remained around 8%.

Conclusions
In 2021, less cancellations were reported compared to just after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020, while postponed help-seeking remained the same. It is important to investigate how cancellations and postponed help-seeking can be prevented in future pandemics.
Virtuality and Reality of Landscape: Theoretical and Methodological Problems in Their Capture and Representation
Authors: Leser Hartmut 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe topic is approached both in a fundamental and an interdisciplinary way. Landscape ecology is the starting point. Landscape is both a construct of different disciplines, i.e., a “head birth”, as well as reality. Depending upon the way of thinking and the point of view of a discipline, this results in problems for the theoreticians of landscape ecology, the methodologists of landscape ecology and cartography, and for the practitioners (“technicians” or geomaticians) of cartography and visualization. The use of map representations and visualizations depends upon which “object landscape” is worked with in a cartographic project (or in a visualization process). This paper aims to offer guidance by weighting and systematizing terms.
TransDFL: Identification of Disordered Flexible Linkers in Proteins by Transfer Learning
Authors: Pang Yihe , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDisordered flexible linkers (DFLs) are the functional disordered regions in proteins, which are the sub-regions of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) and play important roles in connecting domains and maintaining inter-domain interactions. Trained with the limited available DFLs, the existing DFL predictors based on the machine learning techniques tend to predict the ordered residues as DFLs, leading to a high falsepositive rate (FPR) and low prediction accuracy. Previous studies have shown that DFLs are extremely flexible disordered regions, which are usually predicted as disordered residues with high confidence [P(D) &gt; 0.9] by an IDR predictor. Therefore, transferring an IDR predictor to an accurate DFL predictor is of great significance for understanding the functions of IDRs. In this study, we proposed a new predictor called TransDFL for identifying DFLs by transferring the RFPR-IDP predictor for IDR identification to the DFL prediction. The RFPR-IDP was pre-trained with IDR sequences to learn the general features between IDRs and DFLs, which is helpful to reduce the false positives in the ordered regions. RFPR-IDP was fine-tuned with the DFL sequences to capture the specific features of DFLs so as to be transferred into the TransDFL. Experimental results of two application scenarios (prediction of DFLs only in IDRs or prediction of DFLs in entire proteins) showed that TransDFL consistently outperformed other existing DFL predictors with higher accuracy. The corresponding web server of TransDFL can be freely accessed at http://bliulab.net/TransDFL/.
Curious to Know
Authors: Haziza Eliran 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhat is curiosity? An attractive option is that it is a desire to know. This analysis has been recently challenged by what I call interrogativism, the view that inquiring attitudes such as curiosity have questions rather than propositions as contents. In this paper, I defend the desire-to-know view, and make three contributions to the debate. First, I refine the view in a way that avoids the problems of its simplest version. Second, I present a new argument for the desire-to-know view that focuses on ascriptions of the form ‘S is curious to ϕ’, which, despite their prevalence, have been ignored in the literature. Third, I examine the central motivation for interrogativism – the argument from metacognition, according to which animals can be curious yet do not have the metacognitive capacities required by desires to know – and argue that it rests on questionable assumptions about desires and attitude ascriptions.
Observing non-uniform, non-Lüders yielding in a cold-rolled medium manganese steel with digital image correlation
Authors: Raadam Bo , Matlock David K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Digital image correlation (DIC) techniques were used to evaluate strain distributions along tensile gage lengths immediately after yielding of a medium manganese steel (7 wt% Mn) in samples cold rolled in the range of 1–6 pct. With an increase in cold work, DIC confirmed that the yielding behavior transitioned from nucleation and propagation of a single localized deformation zone (Lüders band) to uniform deformation, that is, no evidence of strain localization. At intermediate amounts of cold work, a unique yielding behavior was evident where the initially-low positive strain hardening rate increased with tensile strain until conventional strain hardening (i.e., decrease in strain hardening rate with strain). The intermediate yielding behavior was associated with the development of multiple non‑propagating regions of strain localization, an observation not previously evident without the use of DIC.
Trends in food consumption according to the degree of food processing among the UK population over 11 years
Authors: Madruga Mariana , Martínez Steele Eurídice , Reynolds Christian , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Rauber Fernanda 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough ultra-processed foods represent more than half of the total energy consumed by the UK population, little is known about the trend in food consumption considering the degree of food processing. We evaluated the trends of the dietary share of foods categorised according to the NOVA classification in a historical series (2018–2019) among the UK population. Data were acquired from the NDNS, a survey that collects diet information through a 4-d food record. We used adjusted linear regression to estimate the dietary participation of NOVA groups and evaluated the linear trends over the years. From 2008 to 2019, we observed a significant increase in the energy share of culinary ingredients (from 3·7 to 4·9 % of the total energy consumed; P-trend = 0·001), especially for butter and oils; and reduction of processed foods (from 9·6 to 8·6 %; P-trend = 0·002), especially for beer and wine. Unprocessed or minimally processed foods (≅30 %, P-trend = 0·505) and ultra-processed foods (≅56 %, P-trend = 0·580) presented no significant change. However, changes in the consumption of some subgroups are noteworthy, such as the reduction in the energy share of red meat, sausages and other reconstituted meat products as well as the increase of fruits, ready meals, breakfast cereals, cookies, pastries, buns and cakes. Regarding the socio-demographic characteristics, no interaction was observed with the trend of the four NOVA groups. From 2008 to 2019 was observed a significant increase in culinary ingredients and a reduction in processed food. Furthermore, it sheds light on the high share of ultra-processed foods in the contemporary British diet.
Thiamine supplementation may be associated with improved prognosis in patients with sepsis
Authors: Zhang Luming , Zhang Feng , Li Shaojin , Xu Fengshuo , Zheng Xiaoyu , Huang Tao , Lyu Jun , Yin Haiyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSepsis is a clinical syndrome characterised by a severe disorder of pathophysiology caused by infection of pathogenic micro-organisms. The addition of antioxidant micronutrient therapies such as thiamine to sepsis treatment remains controversial. This study explored the effect of thiamine on the prognosis of patients with sepsis. This study was a retrospective study involving patients with sepsis from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV. Patients were divided into two groups, the thiamine received group (TR) and the thiamine unreceived group (TUR), according to whether they were supplemented with thiamin via intravenous while in the intensive care unit (ICU). The primary outcome was ICU mortality. The association between thiamine and outcome was analysed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model, propensity score matching (PSM), generalised boosted model-based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and doubly robust estimation. A total of 11 553 sepsis patients were enrolled in this study. After controlling for potential confounders using Cox regression models, the TR group had a statistically significantly lower ICU mortality risk than the TUR group. The hazard ratio of ICU mortality for the TR group was 0·80 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·93). We obtained the same results after using PSM, IPTW and doubly robust estimation. Supplementation with thiamine has a beneficial effect on the prognosis of patients with sepsis. More randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of thiamine supplementation in the treatment of sepsis.
Charisma's Birth from the Bottom Up: Lula, ABC's Metalworkers’ Strikes and the Social History of Brazilian Politics
Authors: French John D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIf David Bell in his book Men on Horseback (2020) focuses on what is political charisma, how it functions, and what it means ‘to write its history’, this article examines how Brazil's ex-President Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (‘Lula’) acquired charisma during the dramatic 1978–80 metalworkers’ strikes in the industrial ABC region of São Paulo, Brazil. While generating a vast literature, scholars of the ABC strikes have evaded the question of how Lula, the gifted organiser, emerged as a recognisably charismatic figure. This article explains where, when and why this happened and how a charismatic bond was forged as 100,000 stigmatised, fearful, self-doubting ‘peons’ came to constitute themselves as a locally articulated social actor, a group in fusion, whose boldness and creativity led to extraordinary feats of organisation and mobilisation. Arguing against conflating charisma and populism, it also establishes the utility of the theorisation of group-making advanced in the Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960) by Jean-Paul Sartre.
Moving toward precision PTSD treatment: predicting veterans' intensive PTSD treatment response using continuously updating machine learning models
Authors: Smith Dale L. , Held Philip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable heterogeneity exists in treatment response to first-line posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments, such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). Relatively little is known about the timing of when during a course of care the treatment response becomes apparent. Novel machine learning methods, especially continuously updating prediction models, have the potential to address these gaps in our understanding of response and optimize PTSD treatment.MethodsUsing data from a 3-week (n = 362) CPT-based intensive PTSD treatment program (ITP), we explored three methods for generating continuously updating prediction models to predict endpoint PTSD severity. These included Mixed Effects Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (MixedBART), Mixed Effects Random Forest (MERF) machine learning models, and Linear Mixed Effects models (LMM). Models used baseline and self-reported PTSD symptom severity data collected every other day during treatment. We then validated our findings by examining model performances in a separate, equally established, 2-week CPT-based ITP (n = 108).ResultsResults across approaches were very similar and indicated modest prediction accuracy at baseline (R2 ~ 0.18), with increasing accuracy of predictions of final PTSD severity across program timepoints (e.g. mid-program R2 ~ 0.62). Similar findings were obtained when the models were applied to the 2-week ITP. Neither the MERF nor the MixedBART machine learning approach outperformed LMM prediction, though benefits of each may differ based on the application.ConclusionsUtilizing continuously updating models in PTSD treatments may be beneficial for clinicians in determining whether an individual is responding, and when this determination can be made.
An Anglo-Saxon bishop, his book and two battles: Leofric of Exeter and liturgical performance as pastoral care
Authors: Upchurch Robert K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCambridge, Corpus Christi College 190 (CCCC 190) contains an Ash Wednesday entry into public penance and a Maundy Thursday reconciliation of penitents as well as two Old English sermons translated from them. The sermons were added to the manuscript at Exeter during Bishop Leofric’s tenure (1050–72), and the rites were recopied into one of his pontificals, London, British Library, Cotton Vitellius A. vii, where the Ash Wednesday service was also revised into a unique, previously unrecognized, standalone rite. This article examines the manuscript evidence for Leofric’s interest in these unique rites and sermons, and suggests that they might have been useful to him in the wake of the Norman Conquest. Because of their uniqueness and proposed historical relevance to post-Conquest Exeter, the article concludes with editions of the rites from Vitellius A. vii and the sermons from CCCC 190, which are printed together for the first time.
Symmetry actions and brackets for adjoint-symmetries. I: Main results and applications
Authors: Anco Stephen C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInfinitesimal symmetries of a partial differential equation (PDE) can be defined algebraically as the solutions of the linearisation (Frechet derivative) equation holding on the space of solutions to the PDE, and they are well-known to comprise a linear space having the structure of a Lie algebra. Solutions of the adjoint linearisation equation holding on the space of solutions to the PDE are called adjoint-symmetries. Their algebraic structure for general PDE systems is studied herein. This is motivated by the correspondence between variational symmetries and conservation laws arising from Noether’s theorem, which has a modern generalisation to non-variational PDEs, where infinitesimal symmetries are replaced by adjoint-symmetries, and variational symmetries are replaced by multipliers (adjoint-symmetries satisfying a certain Euler-Lagrange condition). Several main results are obtained. Symmetries are shown to have three different linear actions on the linear space of adjoint-symmetries. These linear actions are used to construct bilinear adjoint-symmetry brackets, one of which is a pull-back of the symmetry commutator bracket and has the properties of a Lie bracket. The brackets do not use or require the existence of any local variational structure (Hamiltonian or Lagrangian) and thus apply to general PDE systems. One of the symmetry actions is shown to encode a pre-symplectic (Noether) operator, which leads to the construction of symplectic 2-form and Poisson bracket for evolution systems. The generalised KdV equation in potential form is used to illustrate all of the results.