bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical working hours are associated with tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use
Authors: Hamieh N , Airagnes G , Descatha A , Goldberg M , Limosin F , Roquelaure Y , Lemogne C , Zins M , Matta J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
We examined prospective associations between atypical working hours, substance use and sugar and fat consumption.

Methods
In the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 47,288 men and 53,324 women currently employed included between 2012 and 2017 were annually followed for tobacco and cannabis use; among them, 35,647 men and 39,767 women included between 2012 and 2016 were also followed for alcohol and sugar and fat consumption. Three indicators of atypical working hours were self-reported at baseline: working at night, weekend work and non-fixed working hours. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to atypical working hours at baseline while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depression and baseline substance use if appropriate.

Results
Working at night was associated with increased tobacco use in women [odds ratios ranging from 1.45 to 1.48], with increased cannabis use in men [from 1.40 to 1.54] and with increased alcohol use in both men and women [from 1.12 to 1.14]. Weekend work and non-fixed working hours were associated with increased tobacco and alcohol use in both men and women [from 1.15 to 1.54 and 1.12 to 1.14, respectively]. Dose-dependent relationships were found regarding the association between working at night and tobacco use in women as well as regarding non-fixed working hours and tobacco use in both men and women (P for trends &lt;0.001).

Conclusions
The potential role of atypical working hours on substance use should be considered by public health policy makers and clinicians in information and prevention strategies.

Key messages
• Night shifts were associated with increased smoking in women with dose-dependent relationships, cannabis use in men and alcohol use in both.
• Weekend work and non-fixed working hours were associated with increased alcohol and tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships in men and women.
Impact of occupational SARS-CoV-2 risk on the mental distress of non-healthcare employees in Germany
Authors: Casjens S , Taeger D , Brüning T , Behrens T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed major challenges to employees and companies. Differences between industries and professions in occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk (OSIR) became apparent early on. This study examines the mental distress in terms of depression and anxiety symptoms of non-healthcare workers during the first and second Corona waves in Germany.

Methods
We conducted an online survey from December 2020 to June 2021 among employees from industrial enterprises, local public transport, the public and the financial sector. High and potential OSIR was defined based on job information. Depression and anxiety symptoms were rated with the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Categorized PHQ-4 scores were modeled with ordinal random-intercept logistic multinomial regression models and presented with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results
Overall, 516 of 1,545 participants (33.4%) were determined to be at increased OSIR. Anxiety and depression symptoms worsened during the pandemic in all OSIR groups. Risks for more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms were higher among employees with high (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.33-4.16) and potential OSIR (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19-2.43) compared to employees without OSIR. Severity of mental distress differed also by the extent of perceived job protection, interactions with colleagues, work-privacy conflicts, and overcommitment.

Conclusions
OSIR had a negative impact on employee’s depressive symptoms and anxiety. Reducing SARS-CoV-2 exposure through workplace protective measures, strengthening interactions among colleagues, and supporting employees with work-privacy conflicts could help better protect employees’ mental health.

Key messages
• The risk for more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms increases with higher occupational SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.
• Improvements in SARS-CoV-2 exposure at work, colleague interactions, and work-privacy conflicts could help better protect mental health.
Methodologies for determining staffing needs in healthcare: systematic literature review
Authors: Pirrotta L , Da Ros A , Cantarelli P , Bellè N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The determination of staffing needs in healthcare is not just calculating the optimal number of professionals but is defining how the professional contingent accompanies the development of the healthcare organisation and of the population’s care needs. This research investigates the existence of a gold standard for determining health personnel requirements. We perform a systematic literature review to explore several approaches worldwide, examining a wide range of contextual variables, useful for the definition of an omni-comprehensive approach. A total of 557 articles was initially detected, then reduced to 57 after excluding everything not related to healthcare context and staff planning models. Results do not reveal a recognized standard for determining staffing needs. Approaches to the definition of staffing standards are mainly ex-ante (31%), based on the characteristics of specific models and organisational needs, or ex-post (62%), based on production analysis and historical trends. Most of these refer to the medical and nursing category (68.4%), while the minority proposes a multi-professional approach (17.5%). This review highlights innovative approaches based on algorithms which, starting from historical data, are adjusted by moderating key variables such as contextual factors, healthcare organisation models and professional attributes.
The review suggests:
1. Develop and share a unique tool for defining standards based on several variables that identify the characteristics of the context
2. Use up-to-date information flows and quality data
3. Consider a multi-professional approach
4. Adopt a long-term vision and continuous dialogue with the training process
It is clear the need to develop a tool for the definition of personnel requirements in line with internal and external changes in the health system. Therefore, such models need to account for an adequate number of variables, useful to identify the characteristics of the overall context.

Key messages
• The development of staffing needs estimates must necessarily rely on a certain level of standardisation, but at the same time must take into account the variability characterising different contexts.
• In order to respond to recent demographic and epidemiological trends, it is crucial to include in the model skill mix and task shifting strategies involving health professionals as a whole.
Managerial preventions of common mental disorders and the association with stigmatizing attitudes
Authors: Hultqvist J , Zhang P , Staland-Nyman C , Bertilsson M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Common mental disorders (CMDs) are an extensive problem in the society and attributed to stigma. Prevention of CMD at work is advocated but few studies have investigated what kind of preventive actions managers take. We investigated managers’ attitudes to depression and two managerial preventive actions (MPA): ‘reviewing assignments and the work situation’ (MPA-review) and ‘taking initiative to talk about depression and anxiety at the workplace’ (MPA-talk). We hypothesized that managers’ negative attitudes towards depression would be negatively associated with both MPAs.

Methods
An on-line survey was sent in 2017 to 4737 managers, answer rate 71% (n = 3358), of which 2 899 were included in this study. Negative attitudes were measured through the 12-item instrument “Managerial stigma towards employee depression” (scores 12-72), a cut-off at the 3rd quartile was used as an indicator for having negative attitudes. MPAs were measured with two single questions. Negative attitudes to depression were analyzed in relation to MPA-review and MPA-talk using binary logistic regression analysis with adjustments for sex, education, managerial experience and training, lived experiences of CMD, work organizational context and general preventive actions in the organization towards CMD.

Results
The proportion of managers with negative attitudes to depression was 20%, performing MPA-review and MPA-talk was 50% and 57% respectively. Adjusted for all co-variates, managers with negative attitudes towards employees with depression were less likely to do both MPA-review (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89) and MPA-talk (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.42-0.66).

Conclusions
Managers with negative attitudes to depression were less likely to take actions to prevent CMD among their employees which confirmed the study hypotheses. The study suggests that initiatives to reduce stigma among managers could be a way forward to prevent CMD at work.

Key messages
• Stigma to depression hampers managers’ prevention of CMD and needs to be addressed.
• To increase managers prevention of CMD, managerial training to reduce stigma towards depression is essential.
Does sickness absence history affect work participation after vocational labour market training?
Authors: Salonen L , Solovieva S , Kauhanen A , Hartikainen E , Viikari-Juntura E , Leinonen T 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Active labour market programmes, such as vocational training, have become widely adopted measures to increase job seekers’ employment opportunities, but evidence of their effectiveness in later employment is mixed. Individuals who enter training differ greatly in their socioeconomic background, health, and labour market history, which can affect the effectiveness of these programmes. There is still uncertainty, for example, on how vocational labour market training works for individuals with prior health problems.

Methods
We use nationally representative Finnish register data on 88,283 individuals aged 25-59 who participated in vocational labour market training in 2008-2013, 23,715 of whom had sickness absence lasting at least 10 weekdays (including Saturday) three years prior to the training and 64,568 of whom did not. To adjust for the differences in sociodemographic and work-related factors between these groups, we will conduct propensity score matching. We will analyze work participation three years before and after the training among those with sickness absence and those without using a difference-in-difference analysis.

Results
Our preliminary results show that before training the work participation rate was similar in those with sickness absence history (58.5 %) and those without (58.1 %). After training, those with a sickness absence history had slightly lower work participation than those without (54.6% versus 59.6 %). The differences in work participation between these groups increased slightly over time after training.

Conclusions
Vocational labour market training does not necessarily work equally well for everyone in terms of enhancing employment, and job seekers with work disability history should be offered either extra support or another type of unemployment service. However, these are our pre-matching results, and they cannot be causally interpreted. Next, we will conduct the propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis.

Key messages
• Having a sickness absence history prior to vocational labour market training is associated with lower work participation after training compared to participants without a sickness absence history.
• The main advantage of the study is the use of a quasi-experimental study design to test the effectiveness of vocational training, using rich nationally representative register data with long follow-up.
Discrimination and sexual harassment – Results from the largest German medical university
Authors: Ludwig S , Jenner S , Berger R , Tappert S , Kurmeyer C , Oertelt-Prigione S , Petzold M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Discrimination and sexual harassment in the workplace and in higher education institutions are important public health issues. Here we aim at analyzing the prevalence of discrimination and sexual harassment of lecturers and students at one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe. We assess whether there are differences between lecturers and students, women and men, and different study programs.

Methods
An online questionnaire was sent to N = 7095 students of all study programs and N = 2528 lecturers at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. The survey was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019. We investigated experienced or observed discrimination or sexual harassment at the medical faculty. Furthermore, we analyzed frequency, perpetrators, situational factors, attributed reasons and forms of harassment encountered.

Results
A total of 964 (14%) students (S) and 275 (11%) of lecturers (L) participated in the survey. Discriminatory behavior was witnessed and/or experienced by 49,6% of students (L: 31%), sexual harassment by 23,6% of students (L: 19,2%). Students state lecturers (85,9%) as main source of discriminatory behavior (L: directors/supervisors: 47,4%; students 41,0%). Sex/Gender (S: 71%; L: 60,3%) is cited most frequently as reason for discriminatory experiences. Female students and faculty experience more discrimination and sexual harassment.

Conclusions
Discrimination and sexual harassment are prevalent in academic medicine. There are differences in the reasons and sources of discrimination and sexual harassment between students and lecturers. Specific programs for lecturers and students are necessary to educate the faculty on how to prevent and respond to it and whom to address.

Key messages
• National preventive strategies should be implemented to tackle issues of discrimination and harassment in higher education institutions.
• Special attention should be paid to female students and lecturers.
Sickness absence among 299484 blue-collar workers in the trade industry during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Farrants K , Alexanderson K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Many blue-collar workers in the trade and retail industries have jobs that make it hard to avoid contacts with other people, which may have increased their risk for sickness absence (SA) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim was to investigate rates of SA and sociodemographic and occupational differences in risk of SA during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of all blue-collar workers in Sweden in the trade and retail industry aged 18-67 in 2018 (n = 299 484), followed 5 years (2016-2020) using linked microdata from nationwide registers. Descriptive statistics of rate of workers having had at least one SA-spell &gt;14 days were calculated, and logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of having SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses (some infectious, respiratory, and symptom-based diagnoses).

Results
Their SA rates increased from fluctuating between 7.6%-8.2% in 2016-2019 to 10.0% in 2020. 0.05% had SA due to Covid-19 and 2.2% had SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses. Factors associated with having SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses were older age (OR age 55-64: 3.41, CI 3.04-3.82 compared to 18-25) and only elementary education (OR 1.50, CI 1.37-1.64 compared to university/college). Warehouse and terminal staff (reference category) was the occupational group with the highest risk of SA/DP due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses. Cashiers had the second highest risk, with CIs that overlapped 1 (OR 0.91, CI 0.77-1.06). All other occupational groups had significantly lower ORs (0.48-0.78).

Conclusions
The SA rates increased slightly during the Covid-19 pandemic. Within the trade and retail industry, the warehouse and terminal staff was the occupational group with the highest risk of SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses.

Key messages
• The rates of SA among blue-collar workers in the trade and retail industry increased slightly during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic.
• Warehouse and terminal staff and cashiers were the occupational groups with the highest risk of SA due to Covid-19 or related diagnoses among blue-collar workers in the trade and retail industry.
Determinants of regulatory compliance in health and social care services: a systematic review
Authors: Dunbar P , Barry F , Browne J , O'Connor L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The delivery of high quality health and social care services is a fundamental goal for health systems worldwide. Quality is variable in services and settings. One response to variation in quality is a regulatory framework that looks to set minimum standards that are enforced by an independent public authority. This systematic review seeks to identify and describe determinants of regulatory compliance in health and social care services.

Methods
Systematic searches were carried out on five electronic databases and grey literature sources. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers independently. Determinants evaluated in studies were identified, extracted and allocated to constructs in the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The included studies were quality appraised by two reviewers independently. The results were synthesised narratively under each CFIR domain.

Results
The search yielded 6,515 articles for screening, of which 148 were included. Most studies were quantitative designs focused on specific exposures (e.g. staffing levels, size, for-profit status). Qualitative studies were sparse, limiting investigation of the processes underlying regulatory compliance. Most of the determinants identified fit within the inner and outer setting domains of the CFIR, many with mixed findings in terms of an association with compliance. There were fewer determinants identified in the intervention characteristics, characteristics of individuals, and process domains of the CFIR.

Conclusions
The literature in this field focuses on the broader concept of quality and appears to neglect the more nuanced issues surrounding the successful implementation of regulatory standards i.e. compliance. A number of gaps, particularly in terms of qualitative work focussed on the mechanism involved in implementing regulations, remain in the literature and further research in this area is needed to provide a clearer picture.

Key messages
• No clear determinants of regulatory compliance were identified, suggesting it is complex and context specific.
• There are gaps in the literature around the underlying processes which contribute to the achievement of compliance that warrant research attention.
Results of the requirement analysis as part of the Austrian research project linked care
Authors: Salomon G , Sturm N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Sufficient information is the foundation for efficient and high-quality health care services. In the field of extramural health care, this challenge is particularly evident: missing or insufficient information can lead to underuse, overuse, or misuse of health care, e.g. due to the necessity of multiple assessments or lack of relevant information. The noticeable shortage of health care professionals further underscores the urgent need for efficient and quality-assured health care services. The aim of the project LICA - linked care - is to provide a platform for better coordination and information exchange between health professionals involved in home care, with a focus on ICT in nursing in Austria. The project is funded by the Austrian Research Promotion agency (FFG) as part of the “benefit - demografischer Wandel als Chance” program (April 2020-March 2025). The requirement analysis was conducted from April to December 2021. In light of the user-centered approach a mix of methods was chosen, consisting of: literature analysis, 5 guideline-based focus group interviews, guideline-based expert interviews n = 44 (people in need of care n = 23, health professionals n = 21), documentation-analysis (4 care documentation systems - from participating project partners) and working diaries: n = 5 on 5 consecutive working days (=25 diaries). Therefore, three main target groups were identified: i) people in need of care, ii) healthcare professionals and iii) healthcare providers. The data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis based on Kuckartz. The main results regarding the status quo are: i) different documentation systems are utilized, ii) lack of digitized documents, iii) currently no standardized documentation system is in use. Thus, following requirements could be identified: i) interoperability with existing systems, ii) setting comprehensive function, iii) usability, iv) interdisciplinary readability, v) error-management, and vi) proper data protection measures.

Key messages
• Healthcare systems are under great pressure worldwide. Innovative solutions can help maintain and improve the quality and efficacy of healthcare services.
• Gapless and efficient information provision is a key essential to high quality healthcare. The project offers a user-centric approach to develop a platform for connectivity of existing systems.
How to improve the rehabilitation outcome after total knee replacement?
Authors: Dionisi L , De Gironimo G , Praino F , Abinova G , Averame C , Gentile AM , Nante N 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Even if total knee replacement has revolutionized the treatment of degenerative knee diseases, the definition of an ideal rehabilitation protocol is still in progress. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that influence the outcomes after early, intensive, hospitalized treatment.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted in 2019 on 545 patients admitted to a northern Italy private clinic specialized in post-surgery rehabilitation, which applies a bio-psycho-social-environmental model and individual rehabilitation plans. Data regarding each patient were collected from medical records: age, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) at admission, days between surgery and the beginning of rehabilitation (DBS). The outcomes were measured as the difference (Δ) between the values at discharge and admission of the Barthel scale (ΔBS), Tinetti scale (ΔTS), passive flexion (ΔPF) and active flexion (ΔAF). We performed a univariate linear regression through STATA, to determine which factors influence the outcomes. A p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
Our sample (69.17% female) was 69.8 ± 9.4 years old. ΔBS was significantly influenced by age (Coef. 0.270, CI [0.173 - 0.367]) and NPRS (Coef. 1.434, CI [0.979 - 1.890]). ΔTS was significantly influenced by age (Coef. 0.024, CI [0.011 - 0.037]) and NPRS (Coef. 0.130, CI [0.067 - 0.191]). ΔPF was significantly influenced by age (Coef. - 0.158, CI [- 0.266 - - 0.050]), DBS (Coef. - 1.047, CI [- 1.401 - - 0.687]) and NPRS (Coef. 1.825, CI [1.333 - 2.318]). ΔAF was significantly influenced by age (Coef. - 0.171, CI [- 0.300 - - 0.042]), DBS (Coef. - 1.150, CI [- 1.580 - - 0.721]) and NPRS (Coef. 2.504, CI [1.928 - 3.080]).

Conclusions
Older patients obtain a higher functional outcome (ΔBS, ΔTS) but lower improvement in range of motion (ΔPF, ΔAF). Patients with higher NPRS at admission obtain an overall better outcome. Higher DBS is associated to lower articular outcomes (ΔPF, ΔAF).

Key messages
• A better outcome can be achieved if rehabilitation is started immediately after knee replacement.
• Pain and age are not factors that impede effective rehabilitation.