bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer complicated by paraneoplastic neurological syndrome which presented with extremity numbness: a case report
Authors: Yoshida Takuto , Kawamura Hideki , Mino Kazuhiro , Konishi Yuji , Saito Tomoya , Shimizu Yuichi , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes refer to a group of neurological disorders, which occur as distant effects of malignant tumors and are not caused by metastasis, nutritional disorders, or side effects of antitumor drugs.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old woman complained of a 1-month history of extremity numbness. Upon presentation to our hospital, she had worsening numbness, and experienced staggering and falling. Physical examination revealed diminished tendon reflexes in both lower limbs, stocking and glove-type abnormal sensation, and left-sided dominant high-steppage gait due to weakness of the bilateral tibialis anterior muscles. Blood tests indicated anemia, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed gastric cancer, leading to laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. A nerve conduction velocity test showed demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Further blood tests and imaging studies ruled out nutritional disorders, such as vitamin deficiency, diabetes-related diseases, connective tissue diseases, and central nervous system metastasis, leading to the suspicion of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. After laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, the progression of symptoms stopped, and with intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin and steroid therapy, the symptoms improved to only minor numbness in the peripheral limbs as of the 18-month follow-up. As of the 2-year follow-up, there has been no cancer recurrence or metastasis.

Conclusions
When paraneoplastic neurological syndrome is suspected, early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach, including surgical treatment, are important before irreversible neurological damage occurs.
The association of appetite and hormones (leptin, ghrelin, and Insulin) with resting metabolic rate in overweight/ obese women: a case–control study
Authors: Hajishizari Sara , Imani Hossein , Mehranfar Sanaz , Saeed Yekaninejad Mir , Mirzababaei Atieh , Clark Cain C. T. , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Low resting metabolic rate (RMR), as a risk factor for weight gain and obesity, can be influenced by many factors. Empirical research has confirmed the role of appetite and related hormones in obesity and energy intake. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between appetite and related hormones in overweight or obese Iranian women with normal and hypo RMR.

Methods
This case–control study was conducted on 42 Iranian adult women (21 cases, and 21 controls), aged 18–48 years. An impedance body analyzer was used to obtain the body composition and an indirect calorimeter was used to assess the RMR. The Flint questionnaire was used to assess appetite, dietary intake, and physical activity were assessed by FFQ and IPAQ questionnaires respectively, and ELISA kits were used to assess leptin, ghrelin, and insulin hormones.

Results
The results of the study demonstrated a negative association between ghrelin hormone level (β = -0.34, 95%CI = -61.70,-3.86, P-value = 0.027) and RMR, and a positive association between insulin hormone level (β = 0.48, 95%CI = 9.38–34.35, P-value = 0.001) and RMR. Also, results of the appetite questionnaire showed that, in general, both appetite (β = 0.32, 95%CI = -0.10–2.99 P-value = 0.044) and hunger variable (β = 0.30, 95%CI = 0.04–5.87, P-value = 0.047) have a positive association with RMR. There was no significant association between leptin levels and RMR.

Conclusion
It is evident that appetite and related hormones have a potential role in promoting a normal RMR.
Sex-specific differences in the efficacy of traditional low frequency versus high frequency spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain
Authors: Conic Rosalynn R. Z. , Caylor Jacob , Cui Christina L. , Reyes Zabrina , Nelson Eric , Yin Sopyda , Lerman Imanuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSpinal cord stimulation (SCS), an FDA-approved therapy for chronic pain, uses paresthesia (low frequency SCS (LF-SCS)) or paresthesia-free (such as high-frequency SCS (HF-SCS)) systems, providing analgesia through partially-elucidated mechanisms, with recent studies indicating a sexual dimorphism in pain pathogenesis (Bretherton et al., Neuromodulation, 2021; Paller et al., Pain Med 10:289–299, 2009; Slyer et al., Neuromodulation, 2019; Van Buyten et al., Neuromodulation 20:642–649, 2017; Mekhail et al., Pain Pract, 2021). We aim to evaluate SCS therapy sex effects based on paradigm, utilizing visual analog scores (VAS), perceived pain reduction (PPR), and opioid use.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of SCS patients implanted between 2004 and 2020 (n = 237) was conducted. Descriptive statistics and linear mixed methods analyses were used.ResultsHF-SCS (10 kHz) was implanted in 94 patients (40 females, 54 males), and LF-SCS in 143 (70 females, 73 males). At 3 months and 6 months, HF-SCS (p < 0.001) and LF-SCS (p < 0.005) had lower VAS scores compared to baseline (p < 0.005), with no differences across groups. PPR improved in both post-implantation (p < 0.006) and at 3 months (p < 0.004 respectively), compared to baseline persisting to 6 (p < 0.003) and 12 months (p < 0.01) for HF-SCS, with significantly better PPR for HF-SCS at 3 (p < 0.008) and 6 (p < 0.001) months compared to LF-SCS. There were no differences in opioid use from baseline for either modality; however LF-SCS patients used more opioids at every time point (p < 0.05) compared to HF-SCS.VAS was improved for all modalities in both sexes at 3 months (p = 0.001), which persisted to 6 months (p < 0.05) for HF-SCS males and females, and LF-SCS females. Female HF-SCS had improved PPR at 3 (p = 0.016) and 6 (p = 0.022) months compared to baseline, and at 6 (p = 0.004) months compared to LF-SCS. Male HF-SCS and LF-SCS had improved PPR post-implantation (p < 0.05) and at 3 months (p < 0.05), with HF-SCS having greater benefit at 3 (p < 0.05) and 6 (p < 0.05) months. LF-SCS males but not females used less opioids at 6 months (p = 0.017) compared to baseline; however this effect did not persist.On linear mixed model analyses, including age, sex and stimulator type, VAS decreased with age, at each timepoint, and had a trend towards increasing with female sex, while PPR increased at 3 and 6 months and lastly HF-SCS was associated with decreased opioid use.DiscussionPPR at 3 and 6 months improved to a greater extent in HF-SCS. HF-SCS females had improved PPR at 3 and 6 months, and only LF-SCS males used less opioids at 6 months, potentially indicating sex-based pathway. Future studies should further elucidate differences in sex-based pathways and identify optimal SCS opioid-sparing paradigms for chronic pain patients.
DHEA on Sexual Function in Sheehan Syndrome: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Mandal Soumita , Mukhopadhyay Pradip , Ghosh Sujoy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Context
The majority of women with Sheehan syndrome (SS) suffer from sexual dysfunction. Severe androgen deficiency is a major contributory factor. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation has been reported to have variable efficacious in improving female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in several trials but studies using DHEA in SS are not available.

Objective
We aimed to study the use of DHEA supplementation in patients with SS.

Methods
In this crossover trial, 28 participants with SS (age 39.7 ± 8.6 years) were divided into 2 groups (using block randomization) who received DHEA supplements (25 mg twice daily) or matched placebo sequentially for 3 months each. Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI) score and serum DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) were measured at baseline and after completion of each phase. Glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and liver enzymes were also measured to assess metabolic side effects.

Results
There was significant improvement in FSFI score from baseline to end of the study in the DHEA group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.006). Mean FSFI score and most of the individual domains of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) improved with DHEA significantly in both groups (P = 0.001 for each group with DHEA). In those who received DHEA first followed by placebo, FSFI declined significantly after placebo (P = 0.041) but remained at an acceptable level of sexual functioning. Serum DHEAS increased significantly with DHEA treatment. No significant changes in glycemic index, lipid profile, and liver enzymes were noted with DHEA treatment.

Conclusion
A short duration of DHEA supplementation in women with SS with FSD is efficacious and safe.
Children's Experience and Practice of Belonging: The Realities of Integration among De Facto Stateless Vietnamese Children in Cambodia
Authors: Rumsby Charlie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVietnamese populations currently residing in Cambodia can be broadly divided into two categories: long-term settlers who have lived in Cambodia for generations and more recent economic migrants. This article focuses on the former group, as it is their children and their children's children who are at high risk of statelessness, unlike the latter who are mostly citizens of Vietnam. Without birth certificates, these children live precarious lives in Cambodia, often in the shadows of ethnic discrimination, poverty, and violence. By using various qualitative research methods, and by emphasizing children's perspectives, the author puts forth the argument that theorizations of integration and assimilation developed in the migration literature are useful for understanding the context in which de facto stateless children in Cambodia negotiate “place belonging.”
Elp1 is required for development of visceral sensory peripheral and central circuitry
Authors: Tolman Zariah , Chaverra Marta , George Lynn , Lefcort Frances 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular instability and a blunted respiratory drive in hypoxic conditions are hallmark features of the genetic sensory and autonomic neuropathy, familial dysautonomia (FD). FD results from a mutation in the gene ELP1, the encoded protein of which is a scaffolding subunit of the six-subunit Elongator complex. In mice, we and others have shown that Elp1 is essential for the normal development of neural crest-derived dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons. Whether Elp1 is also required for development of ectodermal placode-derived visceral sensory receptors, which are required for normal baroreception and chemosensory responses, has not been investigated. Using mouse models for FD, we here show that the entire circuitry underlying baroreception and chemoreception is impaired due to a requirement for Elp1 in the visceral sensory neuron ganglia, as well as for normal peripheral target innervation, and in their central nervous system synaptic partners in the medulla. Thus, Elp1 is required in both placode- and neural crest-derived sensory neurons, and its reduction aborts the normal development of neuronal circuitry essential for autonomic homeostasis and interoception.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Application of an F0-based genetic assay in adult zebrafish to identify modifier genes of an inherited cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ding Yonghe , Wang Mingmin , Bu Haisong , Li Jiarong , Lin Xueying , Xu Xiaolei 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Modifier genes contribute significantly to our understanding of pathophysiology in human diseases; however, effective approaches to identify modifier genes are still lacking. Here, we aim to develop a rapid F0-based genetic assay in adult zebrafish using the bag3 gene knockout (bag3e2/e2) cardiomyopathy model as a paradigm. First, by utilizing a classic genetic breeding approach, we identified dnajb6b as a deleterious modifier gene for bag3 cardiomyopathy. Next, we established an F0-based genetic assay in adult zebrafish through injection of predicted microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ)-inducing single guide RNA/Cas9 protein complex. We showed that effective gene knockdown is maintained in F0 adult fish, enabling recapitulation of both salutary modifying effects of the mtor haploinsufficiency and deleterious modifying effects of the dnajb6b gene on bag3 cardiomyopathy. We finally deployed the F0-based genetic assay to screen differentially expressed genes in the bag3 cardiomyopathy model. As a result, myh9b was identified as a novel modifier gene for bag3 cardiomyopathy. Together, these data prove the feasibility of an F0 adult zebrafish-based genetic assay that can be effectively used to discover modifier genes for inherited cardiomyopathy.
The mechanics of air breathing in African clawed frog tadpoles, Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae)
Authors: Phillips Jackson R. , Hewes Amanda E. , Womack Molly C. , Schwenk Kurt 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Frog larvae (tadpoles) undergo many physiological, morphological and behavioral transformations throughout development before metamorphosing into their adult form. The surface tension of water prevents small tadpoles from breaching the surface to breathe air (including those of Xenopus laevis), forcing them to acquire air using a form of breathing called bubble sucking. With growth, tadpoles typically make a behavioral/biomechanical transition from bubble sucking to breaching. Xenopus laevis tadpoles have also been shown to transition physiologically from conforming passively to ambient oxygen levels to actively regulating their blood oxygen. However, it is unknown whether these mechanical and physiological breathing transitions are temporally or functionally linked, or how both transitions relate to lung maturation and gas exchange competency. If these transitions are linked, it could mean that one biomechanical breathing mode (breaching) is more physiologically proficient at acquiring gaseous oxygen than the other. Here, we describe the mechanics and development of air breathing and the ontogeny of lung morphology in X. laevis throughout the larval stage and examine our findings considering previous physiological work. We found that the transitions from bubble sucking to breaching and from oxygen conforming to oxygen regulation co-occur in X. laevis tadpoles at the same larval stage (Nieuwkoop–Faber stages 53–56 and 54–57, respectively), but that the lungs do not increase significantly in vascularization until metamorphosis, suggesting that lung maturation, alone, is not sufficient to account for increased pulmonary capacity earlier in development. Although breach breathing may confer a respiratory advantage, we remain unaware of a mechanistic explanation to account for this possibility. At present, the transition from bubble sucking to breaching appears simply to be a consequence of growth. Finally, we consider our results in the context of comparative air-breathing mechanics across vertebrates.
Ion-Selective Adsorption of Lead by a Two-Dimensional Terbium Oxalate Framework
Authors: Nankawa Takuya , Sekine Yurina , Yamada Teppei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdvances in hazardous metal ion removal are essential for wastewater clean-up to tackle the global water shortage crisis. Here, we report a Pb-selective adsorbent using a Tb oxalate framework (TOF) synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal method. The TOF has a two-dimensional sheet structure, in which the interlayer space functions as an ion exchangeable site. Sorption tests using a mixed-ion solution containing Pb2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ showed that the TOF has high selectivity for Pb2+ among other metal ions. The saturated adsorption capacity of the TOF for Pb2+ was 276 mg g−1, which is higher than that of conventional adsorbents. Furthermore, the TOF exhibited reversible Pb2+ adsorption/desorption and could be used for at least three cycles. The results showed that TOF has excellent potential as an adsorbent for removing Pb2+, and because of its reusability, it is also a promising material for wastewater clean-up.
Poststroke White Matter Hyperintensities and Physical Activity: A CANVAS Study Exploratory Analysis
Authors: HUNG STANLEY HUGHWA , KHLIF MOHAMED SALAH , KRAMER SHARON , WERDEN EMILIO , BIRD LAURA J. , CAMPBELL BRUCE C. V. , BRODTMANN AMY 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with poststroke cognitive decline and mortality. Physical activity (PA) may decrease WMH risk by reducing vascular risk factors and promoting cerebral perfusion. However, the association between poststroke PA and WMH progression remains unclear. We examined the association between PA and WMH volume 12 months after stroke, and between PA and change in WMH volume between 3 and 12 months after stroke.

Methods
We included ischemic stroke survivors from the Cognition And Neocortical Volume After Stroke cohort with available brain magnetic resonance imaging and objective PA data. Total, periventricular, and deep WMH volumes (in milliliters) were estimated with manually edited, automated segmentations (Wisconsin White Matter Hyperintensities Segmentation toolbox). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was estimated using the SenseWear® Armband. Participants with MVPA ≥30 min·d−1 were classified as “meeting PA guidelines.” We used quantile regression to estimate the associations between PA (MVPA and meeting PA guidelines) with WMH volume at 12 months and change in WMH volume between 3 and 12 months after stroke.

Results
A total of 100 participants were included (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 2; interquartile range, 1–4). MVPA was not associated with WMH volume. In univariable analysis, meeting PA guidelines was associated with lower total, periventricular, and deep WMH volumes by 3.0 mL (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5–9.7 mL), 2.8 mL (95% CI, 0.5–7.1 mL), and 0.9 mL (95% CI, 0.1–3.0 mL), respectively. However, in multivariable analysis, meeting PA guidelines was not associated with WMH volume, and older age was associated with greater WMH volume at 12 months. PA was not associated with change in WMH volume.

Conclusions
Meeting PA guidelines was associated with lower WMH volume at 12 months in univariable analysis, but not in multivariable analysis. Age consistently predicted greater WMH volume.
Nurse workload, missed nursing care, and the contributing factors in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a limited resource setting: A case from Indonesia
Authors: Utomo Martono Tri , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Melisa Melisa , Permana Putu Bagus Dharma , Angelo Albright Ivan , Etika Risa , Angelika Dina , Handayani Kartika Darma , Irzaldy Abyan 
Published: April 2022

Background: Nurses who are in charge of the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) have a different workload and work assignments compared to other units. Evidence suggests that higher nurse workloads will increase the risk of missed nursing care. Missed nursing care in the NICU will eventually worsen the neonatal prognosis. This is a major problem in developing countries, which currently still have a high neonatal mortality rate. Methods: This was a cross sectional study using questionnaires to collect data from 48 nurses who work in Dr. Soetomo Hospital NICU from April 15th 2021 to July 25th 2021. The collected data was then processed with descriptive statistics, meanwhile the correlation between workload with missed nursing care was analyzed with Pearson and Spearman correlation. Results: The total mean of NICU nurse workload score according to the NASA-TLX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index) was 68.36, indicating a moderate overall workload, with effort as the highest component. Overall, 91.67% of the nurses had missed at least 1 out of 21 basic neonatal nursing care components. Labor resource factor was the most frequent missed nursing care factor, in which urgent patient situations were the most frequent problem. There was no significant correlation between the total nurse workload and the frequency of any missed nursing care (P=0.536). Conclusions: Effort was the biggest component of the NICU nurse total workload. The most frequently missed nursing care was giving emotional support for the patient’s parents and/or family. Labor resource factor was the most frequent problem which caused missed nursing care. However, there is no statistically significant correlation between the total workload with the frequency of missed nursing care.
Preparedness regarding first response to emergencies in the community among graduate students: A cross-sectional study in India
Authors: Ravindra Prithvishree , Bhat Rachana , Wilson William , Balakrishnan Jayaraj Mymbilly , Raj Jeffrey Pradeep , Bhattacharya Avhishek 
Published: April 2022

Background: The key to successful outcomes in time-sensitive emergencies involves a pivotal role played by bystanders in identifying and initiating first response. This in turn depends on their awareness and perspective regarding the same. Objective: This study aimed to assess the existing awareness and attitude regarding first response to emergencies in students pursuing graduation, in an Indian University. Methods: The students were administered a pilot-tested questionnaire regarding first response, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillators (AEDs). A total of 1851 students were included in the study from various disciplines- both health care professional training (HCPT) students and non-HCPT students. Results: Poor knowledge was noticed across several themes including awareness of emergency helpline number (61.48%), recognising cardiac arrest (33.98%), awareness about hands-only CPR (12.26%), knowledge about rate of chest compressions in adults (25.01%) and infants (19.67%), and steps of using an AED (17.45%). Only 29.17% of the participants had undergone previous training in CPR. Only 57% of the participants were willing to initiate CPR in cardiac arrest victims. Some of the major knowledge barriers identified included no prior training (62.4%) and perceived harm to victims (26.9%). The mean knowledge score was low and 69% of the participants scored less than 50%. The significant predictors of low knowledge score were lower age, male gender, non-HCPT students, no previous training in CPR and having not witnessed a cardiac arrest before. Conclusions: There is low preparedness regarding the first response and low awareness regarding crucial links in the chain of survival of cardiac arrest. However, willingness among the students to learn CPR was an encouraging finding.