bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science, Sexual Difference and the Making of Modern Marriage in American Sex Advice, 1920–40
Authors: Jones Sarah L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article considers discussions of sexual difference in a range of popular prescriptive texts published between 1920 and 1940 in order to explore the relationship between science and American marital advice literature. It demonstrates the particular role science played in shaping, legitimising and enforcing changing discussions about what ‘good sex’ should look like in contemporary advice – supporting a hierarchy of sexual activities and desires that privileged a particular version of marital heterosexual expression. Through this, it also interrogates the ‘popular’ version of sexual science being consumed by the American public at this time. In addition to adding new perspectives to our understanding of contemporary advice and its relationship with science and medicine, it will also act as a provocation for further research into the ways the public engaged with sexual science in early twentieth‐century America.
Winners’ Consent? Citizen Commitment to Democracy When Illiberal Candidates Win Elections
Authors: Cohen Mollie J. , Smith Amy Erica , Moseley Mason W. , Layton Matthew L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDemocracy is in decline worldwide, primarily because voters elect candidates harboring antidemocratic aspirations. Scholars argue that elections animate the democratic spirits of winners and deflate those of losers, but what about contests ending in the victory of authoritarian candidates? To answer this question, we consider the dynamics of commitment to democracy in Brazil's 2018 presidential campaign. Drawing on AmericasBarometer data and an original five‐wave panel survey, we confirm that Jair Bolsonaro's campaign attracted skeptics of democracy. Although his election and inauguration boosted his supporters’ allegiance to the political system, it also exacerbated their tolerance for institutional ruptures such as executive‐led coups. Meanwhile, election losers retained their democratic commitments. As a result, the authoritarian victory narrowed preexisting winner–loser gaps in support for the political system, but widened gaps in tolerance for certain antidemocratic maneuvers. Thus, authoritarian electoral victories can foster short‐term satisfaction among democracy's critics while abetting future instability.
Risk perception, illusory superiority and personal responsibility during COVID‐19: An experimental study of attitudes to staying home
Authors: van Baal Simon T. , Walasek Lukasz , Karanfilovska Daniela , Cheng Allen C. , Hohwy Jakob 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLittle is known about how different government communication strategies may systematically affect people’s attitudes to staying home or going out during the COVID‐19 pandemic, nor how people perceive and process the risk of viral transmission in different scenarios. In this study, we report results from two experiments that examine the degree to which people’s attitudes regarding the permissibility of leaving one’s home are (1) sensitive to different levels of risk of viral transmission in specific scenarios, (2) sensitive to communication framings that are either imperative or that emphasize personal responsibility, or (3) creating ‘loopholes’ for themselves, enabling a more permissive approach to their own compliance. We find that the level of risk influences attitudes to going out, and that participants report less permissive attitudes to going out when prompted with messages framed in imperative terms, rather than messages emphasizing personal responsibility; for self‐loopholes, we find no evidence that participants’ attitudes towards going out in specific scenarios are more permissive for themselves than for others. However, participants report they are more rigorous in staying home than others, which may cause moral licensing. Additionally, we find that age is negatively associated with permissive attitudes, and that male participants are more permissive to going out. Thus, during phases where it is important to promote staying home for all scenarios, including those perceived to be low‐risk, imperative communication may be best suited to increase compliance.
Galectin‐3 as an independent prognostic factor after heart transplantation
Authors: Franeková Janka , Hošková Lenka , Jabor Antonín 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundGalectin‐3 (GAL3) is linked to the prognosis of patients with heart failure and after heart transplantation (HTx). We assessed the prognostic role of GAL3 in a long‐term follow‐up after HTx.MethodsHTx patients (N = 121) were evaluated in a single‐center, noninterventional, prospective, observational study. The median follow‐up was 96 months (2942 days, interquartile range (IQR) 2408–3264 days), and 40 patients died. GAL3 was measured before HTx, +10 days after HTx, and during the first posttransplant year. Survival analysis (all‐cause mortality) was performed with adjustments for clinical and laboratory variables.ResultsThe median pretransplant GAL3 level was 18.0 μg/L (IQR 14.0–25.9), and higher values were associated with older age, worse kidney function, left ventricular assist device use before HTx, a higher IMPACT score, and mortality. Increased pretransplant GAL3 predicted shorter survival time (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.09–3.85, p < .05). Similar prognostic power had GAL3 on the 10th posttransplant day (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.08–3.82, p < .05). GAL3 was an independent predictor of death after adjustment for clinical variables (age, infection, diabetes, smoking, IMPACT score, and troponin).ConclusionsGAL3 was significantly associated with all‐cause mortality after adjusting for clinical and laboratory variables and may serve as an additional prognostic biomarker.
First evidence of insecticidal potential of molecules produced during the parasitic phase of the endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes
Authors: Pinto Ciro Pedro Guidotti , dos Santos Josy Aparecida , Silva Felipe Alexsander Rodrigues , Balbuena Tiago Santana , Rossi Guilherme Duarte 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImmature endoparasitoids develop inside their hosts. Consequently, endoparasitoids need to circumvent the action of the immune system and reprogram the physiology of their hosts to develop successfully. For this, parasitoids release host regulation‐related molecules into their host’s hemolymph produced by the parasitoid itself or expressed in specific host cells infected by parasitoid symbiotic viruses. In addition to their roles in host regulation, these molecules may also present biotechnological potentials, such as for insecticidal purposes in crop protection. We performed a survey for the biotechnological potential of compounds present in the hemolymph serum with and without circulating cell contents of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) parasitized by Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as insecticides in feeding assays. Hemolymph serum from D. saccharalis larvae at 6 days after the start of the parasitism with and without circulating cell contents were collected and spread over artificial diet or over sugarcane leaves for feeding assays with D. saccharalis neonates. Hemolymph serum with or without circulating cell contents from non‐parasitized D. saccharalis larvae at the same age were used as controls. Subsequently, hemolymph serum plus circulating cell contents was fractioned using molecular filters and fractions with different molecular weight range were used for feeding assays with D. saccharalis neonates. Feeding larvae with leaf disks amended with hemolymph serum plus circulating cell contents from parasitized hosts resulted in an increase of ca. 30% in the mortality of D. saccharalis neonates. After fractioning hemolymph serum plus circulating cell contents, feeding assays with the >100 or 3–10 kDa fractions did not result in the previously observed increase in larval mortality, but resulted in a reduction of leaf consumption by neonates. Finally, we selected a parasitism‐specific protein band observed in the hemolymph >100 kDa fraction for mass spectrometry identification. This parasitism‐specific protein was similar to hymenopteran apolipophorins‐I. We conclude that there is an insecticidal potential in the hemolymph serum plus circulating cell contents of D. saccharalis larvae parasitized by C. flavipes and further investigations will be performed to identify, characterize, and uncover the biotechnological application of these molecules.
Identifying and testing marker–trait associations for growth and phenology in three pine species: Implications for genomic prediction
Authors: Perry Annika , Wachowiak Witold , Beaton Joan , Iason Glenn , Cottrell Joan , Cavers Stephen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn tree species, genomic prediction offers the potential to forecast mature trait values in early growth stages, if robust marker–trait associations can be identified. Here we apply a novel multispecies approach using genotypes from a new genotyping array, based on 20,795 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three closely related pine species (Pinus sylvestris,Pinus uncinataandPinus mugo), to test for associations with growth and phenology data from a common garden study. Predictive models constructed using significantly associated SNPs were then tested and applied to an independent multisite field trial ofP. sylvestrisand the capability to predict trait values was evaluated. One hundred and eighteen SNPs showed significant associations with the traits in the pine species. Common SNPs (MAF > 0.05) associated with bud set were only found in genes putatively involved in growth and development, whereas those associated with growth and budburst were also located in genes putatively involved in response to environment and, to a lesser extent, reproduction. At one of the two independent sites, the model we developed produced highly significant correlations between predicted values and observed height data (YA, height 2020:r = 0.376,p < 0.001). Predicted values estimated with our budburst model were weakly but positively correlated with duration of budburst at one of the sites (GS, 2015:r = 0.204,p = 0.034; 2018:r = 0.205,p = 0.034–0.037) and negatively associated with budburst timing at the other (YA:r = −0.202,p = 0.046). Genomic prediction resulted in the selection of sets of trees whose mean height was taller than the average for each site. Our results provide tentative support for the capability of prediction models to forecast trait values in trees, while highlighting the need for caution in applying them to trees grown in different environments.
Dysbiosis of nail microbiome in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Wang Ruojun , Song Yinggai , Wan Zhe , Chen Wei , Li Hang , Li Ruoyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractShifts in skin microbiome are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, data on the microbial dysbiosis of nail psoriasis are scarce. In this study, we aim to investigate and characterize the nail bacterial and fungal microbiome in patients with psoriasis. Nail samples were collected prospectively from 36 subjects with nail psoriasis, 24 psoriatic subjects without nail involvement and 32 healthy controls. Amplicon sequencing was performed to evaluate the bacterial and fungal community compositions. Significant alterations in the bacterial microbiome were found in the nail samples of psoriatic patients. The unaffected nails in psoriatic patients were associated with higher bacterial diversity, and a higher relative abundance of Enhydrobacter, whereas nail psoriasis was correlated with a decreased relative abundance of Anaerococcus. Shifts in fungal community composition were reflected by a higher proportion of Malassezia in the unaffected nails of psoriatic patients and an increased proportion of Candida in psoriatic nails. Shifts in the nail microbiome in psoriasis suggest a potential role of microbes in the development of nail psoriasis. Future researches focusing on these microorganisms may help to explain the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
YouTube™ for information on paediatric oral health instructions
Authors: Aksoy Merve , Topsakal Kübra Gülnur 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionParents and caregivers of paediatric patients usually tend to search for health information on social networks and other online platforms. At this point, the quality and reliability of these sources play an essential part in maintaining the oral health of paediatric patients.AimThe recent study aimed to analyse the reliability, quality and content of YouTube™ videos on paediatric oral health instructions; assess the efficacy of these videos; and help health providers lead the parents accessing accurate information on the subject mentioned.DesignThe searching term was detected as ‘children oral health’ (Google Trends Application). The first 150 videos were taken into the study. Six excluding criteria were used, and 40 videos have lasted for the further examinations. Content headings were determined according to the AAPD guidelines on paediatric oral health. The content analysis scores, reliability scores and Global Quality Score were calculated for each of these 40 videos. SPSS 26 statistical software was used in the statistical analysis process of the data; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe recent study results showed that according to content analyses, the videos were classified as ‘poor’ content with the mean values 4.07 (±1.32). The mean reliability score 2.96 (±0.69) has shown that the reliability of the videos was moderate. Mean Global Quality Score values were 2.95 (±0.73), which means the subjects were moderate quality. The mean reliability of the rich content videos (3.39 ± 0.59) and the Global Quality Score of them (3.43 ± 0.62) were statistically higher compared to the average values of the poor content videos (respectively; 2.73 ± 0.64; 2.69 ± 0.66) (p < 0.05) The average number of likes, dislikes, length, interaction index and viewing rate of rich content videos were higher than the same features of poor content videos (p < 0.05). The videos with rich content were determined in the first 50 videos listed for analyses, and the distribution of the included videos on the list was equally.ConclusionThe present study concluded that the YouTube™ videos providing oral health instructions for paediatric patients and their parents had poor content, medium quality and reliability. Although all the listed content headings were not mentioned in the videos, the content of them still may be useful and educational for individuals. However, dental hygiene practitioners and dentists should be aware of the need in this area and put more effort into improving the YouTube™ videos on children's oral health in a more detailed way regarding content headings, quality and reliability.
Anisotropic growth kinetics and electric properties of PZT‐5H single crystal by solid‐state crystal growth method
Authors: Wang Honghui , Xia Song , Ma Ming , Li Zhenrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe PZT‐5H single crystal growth on [111]c‐, [110]c‐, and [001]c‐oriented seed crystal by solid‐state crystal growth (SSCG) method was investigated. The growth rate of PZT‐5H single crystal strongly depends on seed crystal orientation and annealing time. The mean growth distance is 682, 620, and 93 μm for [111]c‐, [110]c‐, and [001]c‐oriented PZT‐5H single crystal grown at 1150°C for 8 h, respectively. The growth kinetics of SSCG‐grown PZT‐5H single crystal was discussed. It is found that the growth of single crystal is driven by the solubility difference between the matrix grains and single crystal growth front interface, arising from the local curvature and the crystallographic directions dependent solubility. The growth of [001]c‐oriented PZT‐5H single crystal was mainly contributed from the difference solubility arising from the local curvature of growth front interface, while the growth of [111]c‐ and [110]c‐oriented PZT‐5H single crystal was mainly contributed from the difference solubility between {111} and {110} plane of single crystal and matrix grains. The piezoelectric coefficient d33 of up to 1028pC/N (about 50% larger than that of the same component ceramic) was obtained in a [110]c‐oriented PZT‐5H single crystal with a Curie temperature of about 230°C. The large field piezoelectric constants d33* of up to 1160 pm/V (about 50% larger than that of the same component ceramic) at 15 kV/cm was also obtained in [110]c‐oriented PZT‐5H single crystal with a large strain of 0.18%. This work deepens our understanding on the growth kinetics of SSCG and pushes the way of growth of soft PZT single crystal by SSCG.
Hydrothermal synthesis of potassium–sodium niobate powders
Authors: Piskin Cerem , Karacasulu Levent , Ischia Gloria , Bortolotti Mauro , Vakifahmetoglu Cekdar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPotassium–sodium niobates (KxNa1−xNbO3, 0 < x < 1, KNN) were hydrothermally synthesized under varying alkaline ratios (K+/Na+), total hydroxide concentration, reaction temperature, and time. Compositional surveys were developed by using Rietveld analyses derived quantitative volume fractions. The data demonstrated that phase pure KNN synthesis can be achieved by reacting the niobium source with the hydroxide solution having 6 M total hydroxide concentration, cation ratio (K+/Na+) of above 6 at temperatures ≥200°C for 24 h. Dissolution–precipitation events through intermediate products including hexaniobates were postulated as a plausible formation mechanism. It was shown also that the single‐phase KNN approaching the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) could be obtained by further incorporation of sodium ions into the crystal via post‐annealing at 800°C/2 h, following the hydrothermal synthesis.
Conduction system pacing following septal myectomy: Insights into site of conduction block
Authors: Zheng Rujie , Dong Yingxue , Wu Shengjie , Su Lan , Zhao Dongdong , Chen Xueying , Cai Binni , Fang Xianhong , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi , Huang Weijian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionSeptal myectomy for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with conduction block; however, the electrophysiological characteristics of conduction block have not been well characterized. The aim of study was to assess the feasibility and safety of His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) in patients with septal myectomy‐associated conduction block.Methods and ResultsPatients with HCM and indications for pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy after septal myectomy were included. Electrophysiological mapping was performed to identify the site of block. The success rates and pacing characteristics of HBP and LBBAP were also recorded. The echocardiographic data and complications were documented and tracked during follow‐up. Ten patients with atrioventricular block (AVB) or left bundle branch block (LBBB) post‐myectomy were included in the study. The site of block was infranodal in the nine patients with AVB. HBP failed due to the lack of distal His bundle capture (N = 7) or LBBB correction (N = 3). LBBAP was successful in nine patients and failed in one. QRS duration narrowed from 163.3 ± 16.6 ms after surgery to 123.6 ± 15.8 ms during LBBAP (p < .001). The mean depth of the leads was 13.3 ± 4.0 mm (range from 10 to 20 mm). At a mean follow‐up of 5.3 ± 3.9 months, pacing parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction remained stable.ConclusionsElectrophysiological mapping revealed that the site of block was infra‐Hisian and not correctable with HBP in patients with HCM post‐myectomy. LBBAP appears to be a more feasible physiological strategy for these patients.
Machine learning‐based stocks and flows modeling of road infrastructure
Authors: Ebrahimi Babak , Rosado Leonardo , Wallbaum Holger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces a new method to account for the stocks and flows of road infrastructure at the national level based on material flow accounting (MFA). The proposed method closes some of the current shortcomings in road infrastructures that were identified through MFA: (1) the insufficient implementation of prospective analysis, (2) heavy use of archetypes as a way to represent road infrastructure, (3) inadequate attention to the inclusion of dissipative flows, and (4) limited coverage of the uncertainties. The proposed dynamic bottom‐up MFA method was tested on the Norwegian road network to estimate and predict the material stocks and flows between 1980 and 2050. Here, a supervised machine learning model was introduced to estimate the road infrastructure instead of archetypical mapping of different roads. The dissipation of materials from the road infrastructure based on tire–pavement interaction was incorporated. Moreover, this study utilizes iterative classified and regression trees, lifetime distributions, randomized material intensities, and sensitivity analyses to quantify the uncertainties.
Optimal dividend payout under stochastic discounting
Authors: Bandini Elena , De Angelis Tiziano , Ferrari Giorgio , Gozzi Fausto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdopting a probabilistic approach we determine the optimal dividend payout policy of a firm whose surplus process follows a controlled arithmetic Brownian motion and whose cash‐flows are discounted at a stochastic dynamic rate. Dividends can be paid to shareholders at unrestricted rates so that the problem is cast as one of singular stochastic control. The stochastic interest rate is modeled by a Cox–Ingersoll–Ross (CIR) process and the firm's objective is to maximize the total expected flow of discounted dividends until a possible insolvency time. We find an optimal dividend payout policy which is such that the surplus process is kept below an endogenously determined stochastic threshold expressed as a decreasing continuous function of the current interest rate value. We also prove that the value function of the singular control problem solves a variational inequality associated to a second‐order, non‐degenerate elliptic operator, with a gradient constraint.