bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of specific total work of fracture in polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene diene monomer nanocomposites based on various graphene derivatives: Optimization by response surface methodology technique and correlation with microstructure properties
Authors: Haghnegahdar Masoud 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study presents an experimental design approach for optimization and prediction of specific total work of fracture (wf) in polypropylene/ethylene‐propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nanocomposites based on disparate graphene derivatives including multilayer graphene, few‐layer graphene and graphene oxide. Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology (RSM) were exploited at three levels and four factors to construct a predictive mathematical model for the value of wf. The model predicted that the maximum value of wf (136.7 J/mm2) is achieved by applying dynamically vulcanized system at EPDM content and few‐layer graphene content of 20 wt% and of 0.5 wt%, respectively. In addition, by observing the fracture surfaces of specimens, a direct correlation between RSM predictions and morphology of nanocomposites was established. In this regard, transmission electron microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses showed that by using few‐layer graphene, thanks to formation of an exfoliated structure, more energy for the failure of nanocomposites is required which substantiates the model predictions. Scanning electron microscopy observations depicted that the droplets diameter of homogeneous EPDM particle size plays a pivotal role in number of micro‐voids and nano‐voids, which consequently promotes the creation of fibril structure and eventually heightens nanocomposite resistance against the applied load. The optimum status of this phenomenon happens at 20 wt% of EPDM and as the model showed, the value of wf reaches the highest point at this EPDM content. Likewise, by applying dynamic vulcanization, as truly predicted by the model, the formation of multi fibrillar structure led to dissipation of extra energy in nanocomposites inducing a remarkable improvement in the value of wf.
Influence of rubber compressibility on the compressive stiffness of steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings in finite element simulations considering the shape factor
Authors: Skender Ana , Damjanović Domagoj , Bartolac Marko , Duvnjak Ivan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn finite element analysis of steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings (SREB) under compression, modeling of rubber as a nearly or fully incompressible material requires special attention. In this study, finite element simulations of circular elastomeric pads and rectangular SREB under compression were performed to analyze the effects of rubber compressibility with respect to different pad geometries and shape factor values. The ratio of the compressive modulus for a compressible rubber to that of an incompressible rubber was also introduced based on the previously derived exact solutions as well as the ad hoc approximations. This ratio accurately represents the influence of compressibility on compressive stiffness in terms of relative compressibility (K/G) and shape factor values. Numerical results were also compared with the experimental results on rectangular SREB with moderate shape factors. Recommended values for relative compressibility of carbon black‐filled rubbers in the range of 50–200 result in underestimated compressive stiffness, especially for bearings with shape factor values greater than five. It is recommended to adjust the relative compressibility, considering the shape factor, so that the compressive stiffness does not decrease by more than 50% compared to the incompressible case.
Resistance of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) to pyridaben in China: monitoring and fitness costs
Authors: Pan Deng , Xia Meng‐Hao , Luo Qiu‐Juan , Liu Xun‐Yan , Li Chuan‐Zhen , Yuan Guo‐Rui , Wang Jin‐Jun , Dou Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPanonychus citri is a major citrus pest worldwide. The short life cycle and high reproductive potential of P. citri, combined with heavy acaricide use, have led to high levels of resistance to acaricides, posing a threat to global resistance management programs. Here, resistance monitoring was established to determine the pyridaben resistance status of ten P. citri populations in China from 2014 to 2021 using a leaf‐dipping assay. Four characterized strains—the susceptible strain (Lab_S), the resistant strain (Pyr_R), as well as the segregated resistant strain (Pyr_Rs) and the segregated susceptible strain (Pyr_Control) derived from the crossing of the Lab_S and Pyr_R strains, were used to evaluate the life‐history characteristics using age‐stage, two‐sex life tables.ResultsMost P. citri populations developed high resistance to pyridaben. Resistance levels exceeded 1000‐fold in Yuxi, Anyue, Nanning, and Ganzhou populations compared with the Lab_S strain. Compared with Pyr_Control, two key fitness cost criteria, developmental period and fecundity, showed significant differences in Pyr_Rs under consistent conditions. The intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rate were lower in the resistant strain compared with the Pyr_Control strain. The Pyr_Rs strain had a lower relative fitness of 0.934 compared with the Pyr_Control. Moreover, the life‐history traits and population parameters of the Pyr_R strain also showed significant differences compared with the Lab_S strain.ConclusionThe resistance levels to pyridaben varied greatly among the different P. citri populations and showed regional differences. Substantial fitness costs are associated with pyridaben resistance. This study provides potential implications for developing strategies for resistance management in P. citri. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
PDE‐based event‐triggered containment control of multi‐agent systems with input delay under spatial boundary communication
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Jiachen , Wang Tong , Zeng Qingshuang , Yan Huaicheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article studies the containment control problem for multi‐agent systems with input delay under spatial boundary communication by employing an event‐based approach. Firstly, the collective dynamics of multi‐agent systems are described as parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). Applying the integral transformation method developed in PDEs, the delayed parabolic PDEs are transformed into a series of new coupled PDE‐PDE systems. Then, by taking the spatial boundary communication scheme into account and using the local boundary information, two boundary containment control protocols together with a dynamic event‐triggered scheme (DETS) are designed, such that the states of all followers converge to a convex hull formed by multiple leader agents with and without input delay. The optimal protocols are given by minimizing the 2‐norm of the designed control gain matrix, and the exclusion of the Zeno behavior is analyzed. Finally, a numerical simulation example is provided to support the main results.
Base cations release in soils along the 127‐year Hailuogou glacial retreat chronosequence
Authors: Basdediós Nuria , Wu Yanhong , Wilcke Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAt the Hailuogou glacial retreat chronosequence, a mature forest has surprisingly fast developed in ∼120 yr, although the glacial debris is dominated by nutrient‐poor granite with a small contribution of carbonate minerals. In previous work, we hypothesized that the fast vegetation development is synchronized with initial fast carbonate weathering followed by slow silicate weathering. To test this hypothesis, we (a) characterized the composition of the glacial debris to elucidate the sources of base cations and (b) determined the base cation release kinetics from topsoils (0–10 cm) along the chronosequence with a weathering experiment at a constant pH value (pHstat). Besides granitic rocks, the glacial debris contained some meta‐sedimentary and meta‐volcanic calc‐silicate rocks, amphibolite, mica schist, and quartzite. Although the total Ca concentration of the glacial debris was only about double that of Mg, K, and Na, during the 1st day of the pHstat experiment, the released mass of Ca was >10 times higher than that of Mg and K, and even about 100 times higher than that of Na. The size of the fast‐reacting Ca‐carbonate pool decreased quickly in the first approximately 40 yr, after which a slow‐reacting Ca‐silicate pool matched the fast‐reacting pool with a size of 1.9 ± 0.6 g kg–1 Ca. In contrast, for Mg, K, and Na the slow‐reacting pool dominated from the beginning, suggesting that these elements mainly originated from silicate weathering. Our findings support the view that the well‐synchronized interplay between carbonate and silicate weathering facilitated the fast vegetation succession.
Recent advancement in rechargeable battery technologies
Authors: Sarmah Saswati , Lakhanlal  , Kakati Biraj Kumar , Deka Dhanapati 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ongoing energy issues worldwide have led to the continuous growth of the electrochemical energy storage system in recent years, and the battery is a vital part of it. The battery market, mainly rechargeable batteries, is expanding rapidly to cater to the demands of the changing society, along with the utilization of batteries in electric vehicles, the renewable energy sector, and the industrial sector. From the matured technology like the lead–acid battery to the most advanced Li‐ion (Li‐ion) battery, rechargeable battery technology has developed significantly. In comparison to the conventional lead–acid battery, other rechargeable battery technologies such as Li‐ion, nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), and nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) batteries are considered as more promising electrochemical energy storage systems. The Li‐ion battery, which has been on the market since 1991, is the most popular rechargeable battery due to its high energy density and good durability. With the growing market demand of battery with superior electrochemical performance in terms of specific energy, cyclability, stability, and better safety, next generation Li‐ion batteries are being widely explored in the recent time. This review discusses various rechargeable batteries which are in trend and the issues and challenges associated with it. The advancements that have taken place primarily in the electrode (both cathode and anode) materials, along with electrolytes, for improving the battery performance from the year 2000 onwards are discussed. Moreover, discussion on next‐generation batteries is also covered in this review.This article is categorized under:
Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage
A global review of prison drug smuggling routes and trends in the usage of drugs in prisons
Authors: Norman Caitlyn 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPrisoners have significantly greater levels of drug use than the general population, which is related to many adverse outcomes both during and post‐imprisonment. Reducing the availability of drugs in prison can lead to a reduction in the drug use of prisoners but requires knowledge of the different drug smuggling routes and the implementation of effective security measures. The main smuggling routes identified in the literature are through visitors; mail; prisoners on reception, remand, or work release; staff; and perimeter throwovers, but they differ between prisons depending on various contextual factors and security measures in place. Based on a total of 81 studies from 22 different countries, the average prevalence of drug use during incarceration is 32.0% with a range from 3.4% to 90%. The types of drugs used in prisons vary among geographical regions, countries, and even regions within countries. The most common drug reported to be used by prisoners in most studies was cannabis, except in South Asia and Scotland, where heroin was more prevalent. The drugs used in prison tend to reflect the prevalence of drugs in the local community, except where a drug has advantages unique to use in prison. It is vital to examine the prevalence of drug use and different types of drugs used during incarceration to help inform drug treatment services, assist prison staff in identifying potential drug use or intoxicated prisoners, and advise prisons about the most prevalent drug smuggling routes so new security measures can be considered.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Drug Analysis
Toxicology > New Psychoactive Substances
Addressing the known unknowns in student leader development
Authors: Rosch David M. , Wilson Kevin D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article highlights the current state of “what we know we do not know” about student leadership development and suggests specific research agendas and program assessment methods. This article includes the practical description of how rigorous methods could be used to address these issues using examples for both researchers and program assessment staff and the description of a conceptual model that could be employed to organize how leadership program outcomes are evaluated.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Orthorhombic Polytype of Potassium Ferricyanide
Authors: Qiao Xianji , Chen Da , Corkett Alex J. , Ma Zili , Cai Guohong , Cai Guanqun , Xin Junjie , Qiu Yi , Qu Shangqing , Zhang Rui , Dronskowski Richard , Li Guobao , Sun Junliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA new four‐layer orthorhombic polytype of potassium ferricyanide, K3Fe(CN)6, has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction supported by powder X‐ray diffraction measurements. It crystallizes in the space group Pbcn with lattice parameters a = 10.3922(7) Å, b = 8.3508(5) Å, c = 26.838(2) Å and Z = 8, indicating a doubled orthorhombic cell along the c direction compared with the previously reported two‐layer orthorhombic polymorph. The structural relationship between these two forms is then discussed with the support of DFT calculations.
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: A Conclusion
Authors: Stahl Bernd Carsten , Schroeder Doris , Rodrigues Rowena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe concluding chapter highlights broader lessons that can be learned from the artificial intelligence (AI) cases discussed in the book. It underlines the fact that, in many cases, it is not so much the technology itself that is the root cause of ethical concerns but the way it is applied in practice and its reliability. In addition, many of the cases do not differ radically from ethics cases related to other novel technologies, even though the use of AI can exacerbate existing concerns. Ethical issues can rarely be resolved to everybody’s full satisfaction, not least because they often involve the balancing of competing goods. What is essential is space for human reflection and decision-making within the use of AI. Questions about what we can and should do, why we should act in particular ways and how we evaluate the ethical quality of our actions and their outcomes are part of what it means to be human. Even though Immanuel Kant believed that a good will is the only thing in the world that is ethical per se, a good will alone does not suffice where complex consequences may not be obvious. The complex nature of AI systems and their interaction with their human, social and natural environment require constant vigilance and human input.
European Clinical Case Corpus
Authors: Magnini Bernardo , Altuna Begoña , Lavelli Alberto , Minard Anne-Lyse , Speranza Manuela , Zanoli Roberto 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInterpreting information in medical documents has become one of the most relevant application areas for language technologies. However, despite the fact that huge amounts of medical documents (e. g., medical examination reports, hospital discharge letters, digital medical records) are produced, their availability for research purposes is still limited, due to strict data protection regulations. Aiming at fostering advanced information extraction technologies for medical applications, we present E3C, a corpus of clinical case narratives fully based on freely licensed documents. E3C (European Clinical Case Corpus) contains a vast selection of clinical cases (i. e., narratives presenting a patient’s history) that cover different medical areas, are based on different styles and produced in different languages. A portion of the corpus has been manually annotated to be used for training and testing purposes, while a larger set of documents has been automatically tagged to serve as a baseline for future research in information extraction.
Italian EVALITA Benchmark Linguistic Resources, NLP Services and Tools
Authors: Patti Viviana , Basile Valerio , Bolioli Andrea , Bosca Alessio , Bosco Cristina , Fell Michael , Varvara Rossella 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStarting from the first edition held in 2007, EVALITA is the initiative for the evaluation of Natural Language Processing tools for Italian. We describe the EVALITA4ELG project, whose main aim is to systematically collect the resources released as benchmarks for this evaluation campaign, and make them easily accessible through the European Language Grid platform. The collection is moreover integrated with systems and baselines as a pool of web services with a common interface, deployed on a dedicated hardware infrastructure.
Universal Semantic Annotator
Authors: Navigli Roberto , Orlando Riccardo , Campagnano Cesare , Conia Simone 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExplicit semantic knowledge has often been considered a necessary ingredient to enable the development of intelligent systems. However, current stateof- the-art tools for the automatic extraction of such knowledge often require expert understanding of the complex techniques used in lexical and sentence-level semantics and their linguistic theories. To overcome this limitation and lower the barrier to entry, we present the Universal Semantic Annotator (USeA) ELG pilot project, which offers a transparent way to automatically provide high-quality semantic annotations in 100 languages through state-of-the-art models, making it easy to exploit semantic knowledge in real-world applications.
Polizei und Rassismus
Authors: Schöne Marschel 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag des ehemaligen Polizeipraktikers und praktizierenden Polizeiforschers Schöne analysiert auf der Basis der Theorie Pierre Bourdieus kompakt die grundlegenden Merkmale, Wirkmechanismen und Ambivalenzen des Feldes Polizei, die diskriminierende und rassistische Prozesse und Handlungen auslösen können. Zur detaillierten Diskussion wird das Feld-Habitus-Modell von Martin Herrnkind mit den Feldmerkmalen Konservatismus, Argwohn, Insularität, Gender, Gewalt und Macht verwendet. Diese generieren Handlungsspielräume, die unter bestimmten Umständen zu Willkürspielräumen werden können.
Ein weißes „wir“, seine Polizei und deren weißes „wir“
Authors: Sabel Anna , Karadeniz Özcan 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungPolizeiliche Praxen stützen Zugehörigkeitsordnungen. Sie konservieren und reinszenieren die Imagination eines homogenen Volkes. Diese Vorstellung wiederum ist angewiesen auf die Grenzziehung gegenüber den durch Rassifizierung und Kriminalisierung Veranderten. Ein Sicherheitsdispositiv entsteht, das, wenn auch auf unterschiedliche Weise, auf alle Subjekte einer Gesellschaft wirkt.
Rechtsextremismus in der Polizei – Skandale, Befunde und Mutmaßungen
Authors: Kopke Christoph 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag referiert ausgehend vom medial erhobenen Befund, dass rechtsextreme Vorfälle in bundesdeutschen Polizeibehörden längst nicht mehr als Einzelfälle zu betrachten sind, die dazu vorliegenden Berichte und Einschätzungen. Es werden die verschiedenen in der Debatte vorzufindenden Definitionen und Perspektiven vorgestellt und der Diskussions- und Forschungsstand zur Frage von rechtsextremen Einstellungen in der Polizei skizziert. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit weiterer empirischer Forschung, um das Problem von Rechtsextremismus in der Polizei quantitativ und qualitativ besser einschätzen zu können.
Jupiter missions as probes of dark matter
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Fan JiJi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Jupiter, the fascinating largest planet in the solar system, has been visited by nine spacecraft, which have collected a significant amount of data about Jovian properties. In this paper, we show that one type of the in situ measurements on the relativistic electron fluxes could be used to probe dark matter (DM) and dark mediator between the dark sector and our visible world. Jupiter, with its immense weight and cool core, could be an ideal capturer for DM with masses around the GeV scale. The captured DM particles could annihilate into long-lived dark mediators such as dark photons, which subsequently decay into electrons and positrons outside Jupiter. The charged particles, trapped by the Jovian magnetic field, have been measured in Jupiter missions such as the Galileo probe and the Juno orbiter. We use the data available to set upper bounds on the cross section of DM scattering off nucleons, σχn, for dark mediators with lifetime of order $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(0.1–1) s. The results show that data from Jupiter missions already probe regions in the parameter space un- or under-explored by existing DM searches, e.g., constrain σχn of order (10−41–10−39) cm2 for 1 GeV DM dominantly annihilating into e+e− through dark mediators. This study serves as an example and an initial step to explore the full physics potential of the large planetary datasets from Jupiter missions. We also outline several other potential directions related to secondary products of electrons, positron signals and solar axions.
ABJM at finite N via 4d supergravity
Authors: Hristov Kiril 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We apply the conjecture of [1] for gravitational building blocks to the effective supergravity description of M-theory on S7/ℤk. Utilizing known localization results for the holographically dual ABJM theory, we determine a complete tower of higher derivative corrections to the AdS4 supergravity and a further set of quantum corrections. This uniquely fixes the gravitational block, leading to holographic predictions for a number of exact ABJM observables, excluding only constant and non-perturbative corrections in the gauge group rank N. The predicted S3 partition function is an Airy function that reproduces previous results and generalizes them to include arbitrary squashing and mass deformations/R-charge assignments. The topologically twisted and superconformal indices are instead products of two different Airy functions, in agreement with direct numeric calculations in the unrefined limit of the former object. The general fixed-point formula for an arbitrary supersymmetric background is similarly given as a product of Airy functions.
On holomorphic sector of higher-spin theory
Authors: Didenko V. E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent investigation of the locality problem for higher-spin fields led to a vertex reconstruction procedure that involved elements of contraction of the original Vasiliev interaction algebra. Inspired by these results we propose the Vasiliev-like generating equations for the holomorphic higher-spin interactions in four dimensions based on the observed contracted algebra. We specify the functional class that admits evolution on the proposed equations and brings in a systematic procedure of extracting all-order holomorphic vertices. A simple consequence of the proposed equations is the space-time locality of the gauge field sector. We also show that vertices come with a remarkable shift symmetry.