bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Climate Change Risk of “ Oil and Gas” City: Case of Dumai City, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat F , Thomiyah I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Based on Climate Resilient Development Policies on 2020-2045, there are four priority sectors threatened by climate change, namely marine and coastal, water, agriculture, and health. Indonesia still depends on oil and gas energy that will threats to infrastructures that support the sustainability of production that can have an impact on people’s lifelines. This study investigates the risk distribution shift of climate change impacts in Dumai, which generally have oil refineries and ports. Risk is calculated by using hazard and vulnerability components. A uniform weighting approach is used to calculate each indicator indices. Using the RCP 8.5 hazard scenario with threats in the form of sea-level rise, moderate flooding, and high-end results in the projection year, this research results in significant differences in affected areas and at risk. The main factors affect the increasing of element at risk are the inundation and the spatial changes. An increase in the risk area means there will be an increase in losses. Moreover, disasters in oil and gas cities have the possibility of collateral hazards and even disruption of the national energy system. The government must take several adaptation steps such as adding eco-buffer zones, walls around refineries, and periodic monitoring of critical infrastructure.
Qualitative data envelopment assessment of different alumina refinery plants: the case of bauxite mining in West Kalimantan Province
Authors: Hendrik  , Fauzi A , Widiatmaka  , Suryaningtyas D T , Firdiyono F 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
West Kalimantan is a bauxite-rich province with the world’s sixth-largest bauxite reserve. However, Indonesia experienced a bauxite, alumina, and aluminum import vs. export deficit (2018-2020), with imports exceeding exports in value. Based on the calculation of qualitative data envelopment analysis, this case study provides a solution through benchmarking assessment to measure the relative performance of bauxite resource utilization for 12 alumina plants (DEA). This technique utilizes each provincial district’s alumina production plan data to characterize its production technology, which provides a better analysis of how the status of the refinery development plan provides efficiency of alumina refinery plant development according to bauxite allocation across several districts. To determine the benchmarking site, the qualitative DEA method compares the performance analysis of the Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) model for constant return to scale (CRS) and the Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) model for variable returns to scale (VRS). According to the findings of the scenario I, Kapuas, Kendawangan, and Tayan Hilir are efficient sites. Sungai Kunyit and Cempage Hulu are also benchmarking units in Scenario II. This study aided in the development of a sustainability assessment for the implementation of an alumina refinery development plan across districts in West Kalimantan province.
Species composition and vegetation structure of lowland forest in Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Nugraha B H , Kusmana C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLowland forest needs to be studied for its structure and composition because it has high biodiversity. Vegetation analysis aims to determine the species composition and structures of lowland forest vegetation in Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve. Vegetation analysis was carried out by the stripes and plotted lines with an observed area of 20,000 m2 with several ten lines of observation with an area of 20x100 m. The vegetation data obtained were processed to obtain the Importance Value Index (IVI), the Plant Species Diversity Index, the Species Dominance Index, the Species Richness Index and the Species Evenness Index. Retrieval of abiotic data such as light intensity, altitude, slope, wet and dry temperature, relative humidity, soil pH, soil cation exchange capacity, and soil texture. There are 15 types of plant species in the research location. Kedoya dominates at the tree level, mengkudu dominates at the pole level, kingkit dominates at the sapling level, and kedoya dominates at the seedling level. The highest density value is found at the seedling growth rate of 900 500 individuals ha-1 resulting in an inverted “J” curve in both vertical and horizontal structures.
SEBAL Model to Estimate Biophysics and Energy Flux Variable : Availability of Evapotranspiration Distribution Using Remote Sensing in Lore Lindu National Park
Authors: Munawir A , June T , Kusmana C , Setiawan Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Lore Lindu National Park or Taman Nasional Lore Lindu (TNLL) is a natural resource conservation area with various potentials of endemic flora and fauna diversity. This study aimed to estimate the value and spatial distribution of biophysical factors, energy flux, and evapotranspiration. This method used the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model and performs the pessimistic, moderate, and optimistic scenarios. The number of measured parameters includes biophysical variables and energy flux variables. The results showed that the average value of evapotranspiration in forest areas was higher than open land or other land uses. The evapotranspiration values in the three images varied between 0.07 - 0.20 mm/hour. The dry month evapotranspiration in 2002 was 17%-32% higher than the dry months in 2013 and 2018. The build on the energy flux and evapotranspiration models results into the value of energy flux and evapotranspiration explanation in TNLL. The results can be controlled with efforts of increasing reforestation of forest land cover by 10%, controlling population growth by 1% per year, and increasing public awareness by 10%. This situation concludes that uncontrolled changes in forest land function and population growth in TNLL have an effect on changes in energy flux and evapotranspiration.
Telenomus
r
emus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Biology and Life Table on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs
Authors: Oktaviani  , Maryana Nina , Pudjianto  
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Telenomus
remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is an endoparasitoid on eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). T. remus information as a natural enemy of S. frugiperda is limited. The research objective was to determine some biological aspects of T. remus, i.e., longevity, fecundity, and life table variables. The demographic statistics used the jackknife method. The parasitoids were obtained from the eggs of S. frugiperda from a maize plantation in the field. The released parasitoids were identified in the laboratory. Parasitoid identified as T. remus used to biological observations, life tables, sex ratios, and parasitization rate. The immature stage of T. remus reached 8.13 days, the longevity of the male was 10.07 days, while a female was 10.29 days with a fecundity of 75 eggs, and a sex ratio of male and female was 1:2.03. The life table parameters of T. remus, i.e., gross reproduction rate (GRR) was 74.987 individuals/generation, net reproduction rate (R0) was 67.485 females/female/generation, with generation period (T) was 8.541 days, and intrinsic growth rate (r) was 0.493 females/female/day. The Parasitization rate of T. remus reaches 91%. This research showed that T. remus has the potential natural enemy to control S. frugiperda.
Study of Remaining Service Life of a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill with the Composting Method: A Case Study in Klaten Regency
Authors: Ratnawati B , Yani M , Suprihatin  , Hardjomijojo H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
At Troketon’s Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF), waste management adopts the controlled landfill method. The solid waste that enters the MSWLF of Troketon is increasing every day. Without processing, the incoming waste is directly dumped into a landfill. It causes the landfill capacity in the active zone to decrease so that the landfill’s service life decreases faster. This study aimed to calculate the capacity of the used landfill to determine the useful life of the landfill. It also aimed to compare the service life of MSWLF with the processing and composting process. This research took place from January 2019 to May 2021. This research conducted interview techniques, and literature studies. Estimating the waste generation rate projections were based on data in 2020 by using an excel program to calculate waste reduction and its service life. The average rate of the waste generation entering MSWLF of Troketon was 0.07% per year with 48% biodegradable waste composition. The results revealed that these operating landfill zones could extend their service life by composting process. MSWLF with the composting process saves capacity by 136.99 m3/day and 712 days’ longer service life than without composting.
Estimation of Mangrove Canopy Cover Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Indramayu Regency, West Java
Authors: Zahra N F , Setiawan Y , Prasetyo L B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Mangrove forests are an essential natural resource in coastal environments and have three main functions: physical, biological, and economic. Indramayu regency is one of the areas on the north coast of Java with a coastline length of 147 km. The decrease of mangrove canopy in Indramayu regency cannot be separated from the land clearing for a fish pond. Therefore, monitoring activity is important to see the mangroves sustainability management. An alternative way to monitor mangrove conditions is using an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to overcome the budget constraint and difficulties of doing field surveys. The study aims to estimate the mangrove canopy cover based on the NDVI derived from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The research was conducted in Indramayu in March 2021. Data collection was conducted using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with multispectral sensors. The study shows that the best canopy cover estimator model is exponential regression with the equation of CC = 0.1535e1.9458NDVI and R2 = 0.636. The model can be used for monitoring mangroves periodically. Accurate monitoring data will be very useful in preparing policies and management strategies to maintain and improve the functions and services of the mangrove ecosystem.
Distillation Delayed Time on The Characteristics of Lemon Peel Oil and Activity against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rienoviar  , Irawadi T , Setyaningsih D , Ismayana A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Delay time effect (curing) in lemon peel essential oil extraction often occurs in factories when the number of distillers does not match the amount of available lemon peel. This delay time can reduce the quantity and the lemon peel oil quality due to degradation. This study aimed to determine the delay time period before distillation process that affected changes in the lemon peel oil aromatic compound quantity and quality based on the yield, limonene percentage, and the inhibitory effect of lemon peel oil on Staphylococcus aureus bacterial growth. The distillation method used the cohobation distillation technique with a delay time of 1, 3, 5, and 7 hours. Distillation process was carried out by steaming and boiling. The results showed that steam cohobation method was better than boiled cohobation method based on yield and limonene percentage. The 1-hour delay time in steam cohobation method was significantly different from other delay times in boiled cohobation method. Steam cohobation method produced 79.95% limonene. S. aureus antibacterial test at 100% oil concentration had the strongest antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the 1-hour delay time using the steam cohobation method obtained the highest yield of 0.325% and inhibition level of S. aureus at 21.375 mm.
Potential of Modified Flour Derived from The Bamboo Shoot and Swamp Tuber Origin from South Kalimantan as Environmentally Friendly Food
Authors: Setiawati E , Hamdi S , Hidayati S , Amaliyah D M , Miyono  , Salim R , Cahyana B T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To reduce dependence on wheat flour, it is necessary to find substitutes for flour from local food. As local food, bamboo shoots (betung) and swamp tubers (alabio and nagara) have the potential to be processed into flour even though they have relatively low characteristics. To improve the flour characteristics, it can be made by modifying the flour biologically. The purpose of this study was to investigate modified fibre-rich flour derived from bamboo shoot and swamp tuber through fermentation and to formulate the flours as functional food. This modification was preferred because it did not need chemical agents that may be harmful for environmental. The modified flour was prepared by both spontaneously and non-spontaneously fermentation, using mocaf starter. Alabio tuber (Dioscorea alata L.), nagara tuber (Ipomoea batatas L.), bamboo shoots betung (Dendrocalamus asper) were fermented for 24, 48, and 72 hours. After fermentation, the modified flours were formulated based on a certain combination to meet the nutritional adequacy rate. The best results of alabio, nagara and betung flour were 72 hours spontaneous fermentation, 48 hours spontaneous fermentation, and 72 hours starter fermentation, respectively. The best-modified flour formulation was obtained in the combination of nagara tuber flour: bamboo shoots in 90:10.
Extraction of Black Pepper Non-Volatile Components as an Industrial Material
Authors: Gafar Patoni A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a commodity that is quite important in Indonesia, both in terms of agribusiness and agro-industry aspects. From the aspect of agribusiness or cultivation, pepper can be seen as a potential plantation farming business as a plant industry because of its high productivity and selling value. [1] stated that pepper (can be cultivated, because it is one of the plantation commodities that has a high selling value and wide use. Plantation business is a combination of human components and physical and non-physical components [2]. This business is ecologically a system whose success is determined by the components mentioned above as subsystems, where these components influence each other and complement each other in the process of fulfilling the needs of human life. One of the innovations made by pepper farmers is in the form of environmentally friendly pepper cultivation. From the agro-industry aspect, pepper is a commodity that can be used as a variety of industrial materials from upstream to downstream, from the industrial extraction process to its use as raw material for finished products. The extraction result is in the form of oleoresin which is used as a flavor in the food industry as well as a raw material for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The by-products of the pepper processing process are made in the form of fertilizer and activated carbon.
Litter layer and earthworms as an indicator of coffee production in the coffee and pine based agroforestry system
Authors: Suprayogo D , Hakim A L , Fadillah B R , Prajnaparamita I K , Kusumawati I A , Prayogo C , Rowe R L , McNamara N P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Critical support for successful coffee-based agroforestry production is the amount of litter input and the activity of macro-organisms. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the amount of litter on the soil surface, the population of earthworms, and the growth and production of coffee. The research was conducted between June 2019 and March 2020 at the Universitas Brawijaya Forest, East Java, Indonesia. For the coffee plants, a proportional random sampling method was used to capture the range of plant sizes within the study location. The range of diameters at breast height (DBH) recorded were divided into ten decils and four replicates within each decil. For each plant, DBH was transformed into tree biomass and fresh coffee bean weight was also measured. Litter weight and depth were measured using a 50 x 50 cm quadrat frame. A sampling of earthworms used the TSBF monolith method. There was a positive relationship between litter thickness, litter weight, the number of earthworms, and earthworm biomass against the dry weight coffee bean, while the four variables have no significant relationship with coffee tree biomass. We concluded that litter layer and earthworm biomass can be used as a simple indicator of coffee production.
Adsorption of Pb2+ on a layered alkali titanate from water
Authors: Sruamsiri D A , Ogawa M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A layered alkali titanate (Cs2Ti5O11) was used to concentrate Pb2+ from water. The reaction of the layered alkali titanate with an aqueous solution of lead acetate trihydrate was investigated to find an efficient collection of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions at room temperature. The adsorption isotherm was H-type, indicating a strong interaction between the titanate and Pb2+. The maximum adsorbed Pb2+ amount was 1.27 mmol Pb/g Cs2Ti5O11, which corresponded to 86% of the cation exchange capacity (2.94 meq/g) of Cs2Ti5O11. The adsorption isotherm was fitted with the Langmuir equation with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9997), suggesting that a high affinity between the titanate surface and Pb2+.
Adsorption of a Spiropyran on a Layered Clay Mineral
Authors: Leelaphattharaphan N N , Deepracha S B , Yamaguchi T , Ogawa M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Adsorption of a photochromic dye, spiropyran, on a layered clay mineral, a synthetic hectorite, was investigated. Spiropyrans are well-known photochromic molecules due to its fast and reproducible color change resulting from the photoisomerization between hydrophobic closed-ring spiropyran and hydrophilic open-ring merocyanine. The photochemical reaction of the adsorbed spiropyran in the modified hectorite was also examined.
Discriminating the Severity of Basal Stem Rot Disease in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantation Using Sentinel-2
Authors: Handrian R D , Trisasongko B H , Panuju D R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Oil palm remains the most prominent plantation sector in Indonesia. Monitoring large scale plantations require specificity in datasets and approaches. Observing the extent of plantations has long been conducted using remotely-sensed data. With the complex issues in oil palm plantations, focus has also been made in investigating the utility of earth-observing satellites to estimate foliar nutrients and to identify the impact of plant diseases. The latter has been one of emerging research interests, especially the basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense. In this research, we proposed a freely-available, multispectral data of Sentinel-2 taking the advantage of frequent observation period. Preliminary discrimination of BSR impacts was examined by using a popular machine learning approach, i.e. random forests. Ground data as the reference were collected in Cikasungka plantation, Bogor, Indonesia. Using a tuned random forest model, we obtained overall accuracy about 82% with five distinctive targets, i.e. four severity levels and the normal trees. This research suggests that tuned random forest model could be invaluable for constructing a proper machine learning model that adaptive to data feeds.
The Analysis of Plywood Industrial Wastewater Treatment in South Kalimantan
Authors: Soedarmanto H , Setiawati E 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plywood industrial wastewater can cause heavy pollution to the environment. The wastewater treatment system will be determined by the parameters of the liquid waste produced. This study was aimed to reduce the wastewater contamination level in the plywood industry. The method consisted of sedimentation, coagulation, flocculation, aeration, sand filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and ion exchange. The wastewater was pumped into the reservoir and conditioned to a pH of 6 – 7 and allowed to stand for 2 (two) hours for sedimentation. The blower with a speed of 50 rpm was turned for aeration. Then the wastewater was sand filtrated and absorbed by activated carbon. The wastewater flowed into the anion-cation resin tank for ion exchange. The treated effluent filtrate was analyzed for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Phenol, and total ammonia (NH3). The results showed that the decrease of BOD5; COD; TSS; phenol; and NH3 was from 1,426 ppm to 30,5 ppm (97.9%); 2,545.7 to 34.7 ppm (98.6%); 865 ppm to 9.65 ppm (98.9%); 56.98 ppm to 1.45 ppm (97.5%); and 1,652 ppm to 4.56 ppm (99.7%).
Scenario Development of Implementing Cleaner Production on Pepper Agroindustry
Authors: Wulandari S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Smallholder plantations dominate pepper development in Indonesia. In global trade, Indonesia has experienced pepper product detention due to the contamination of microorganisms. It is related to traditional agro-industrial activities that must be improved in quality assurance, hygiene, and food safety. The application of cleaner production is one strategy to overcome this condition. This study aims to analyze the application of a cleaner production approach in the pepper agroindustry. The analysis was performed using Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM). Cleaner production in the pepper agroindustry is implemented by improving traditional processing systems and mechanical processing applications. The objectives are to increase productivity, process efficiency, and product quality. Both strategies can still be implemented based on conditions in the field. Strategies for improving traditional pepper processing include developing knowledge transfer, enhancing farmer skills, and processing infrastructure and technology provision. The application of machines’ processing requires availability and accessibility of technology and support from farmer organizations, financing institutions, and extension programs. The strategy of mechanical processing application begins with strengthening farmer institutions, improving access to finance and financial facilitating by the government, and building stakeholder engagement.
Increased Effectiveness of Conservation the Coastal Environment through Cleaner Production and Work Motivation of Fish Processors
Authors: Sipahutar Y H , Rahmayanti H , Achmad R , Sitorus R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The coastal area has developed into a center for the fish processing industry, which has an impact on environmental problems in the form of liquid waste and odors. To overcome these environmental problems and carry out cleaner production such as processing and implementing environmental sanitation, work motivation is needed. Because of this, research was conducted to determine the increase in the effectiveness of preserving the coastal environment through cleaner production and work motivation in salted fish processors in the Tangerang Regency. A quantitative study was conducted on 96 respondents drawn from 2.298 salted fish processors populations. To get the correlation between cleaner production and work motivation on the effectiveness of preserving the coastal environment, the path analysis method was used, which resulted in an increase of 52.7% of cleaner production and work motivation, while the remaining 47.3% resulted from other variables. The conclusion obtained from this research shows that the increase in the effectiveness of coastal environmental conservation can be done by increasing the work motivation of salted fish processors to carry out cleaner production in fish processing.