bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating social meanings in a plural society: Social perceptions of variants of /l/ in Singapore English
Authors: Sim Jasper Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study illustrates how speech features that emerged from language contact and acquisition in a pluralistic society can accrue diverse social-indexical meanings over time. The social perceptions towards three variants of coda /l/ in Singapore English—namely dark-l, the variant associated with prescriptive norms, and clear-l and vocalised-l, which are variants that arose through language contact—are examined. The findings show that clear-l and vocalised-l are associated with specific ethnic groups and have equally diverse meanings, but their meanings have evolved differently; vocalised-l is an emerging local standard, whereas clear-l remains largely stigmatised. Their diverse meanings are shown to be connected by social factors within a network of interrelated signs, and their interpretations are dependent on the hearer's experiences, such that we are observing different parts of the sociolinguistic reality. Restricted experiences with the social world and regulation of social perception are also shown to potentially contribute to accent-based prejudices. (Indexicality, language contact, ethnolect, lateral consonant, new Englishes, social perception)*
A novel precise pose prediction algorithm for setting the sleeping mode of the Yutu-2 rover based on a multiview block bundle adjustment
Authors: Peng Song , Ma Youqing , Xu Xinchao , Jia Yang , Liu Shaochuang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo set the sleeping mode for the Yutu-2 rover, a visual pose prediction algorithm including terrain reconstruction and pose estimation was first studied. The terrain reconstruction precision is affected by using only the stereo navigation camera (Navcam) images and the rotation angles of the mast. However, the hazard camera (Hazcam) pose is fixed, and an image network was constructed by linking all of the Navcam and Hazcam stereoimages. Then, the Navcam pose was refined based on a multiview block bundle adjustment. The experimental results show that the mean absolute errors of the check points in the proposed algorithm were 10.4 mm over the range of
$\boldsymbol{L}$
from 2.0 to 6.1 m, and the proposed algorithm achieved good prediction results for the rover pose (the average differences of the values of the pitch angle and the roll angle were −0.19 degrees and 0.29 degrees, respectively). Under the support of the proposed algorithm, engineers have completed the remote setting of the sleeping mode for Yutu-2 successfully in the Chang’e-4 mission operations.
Time for change? Recurrent barriers to music education
Authors: Henley Jennie , Barton David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article reports findings from a study that sought to identify barriers to music and music education in the UK. Emerging from empirical research involving n = 723 participants and clarified by an evidence base of over 10,000 research participants, the key findings presented in this paper relate to pupil and participant voice and involvement, location as a sub-theme of diversity and inclusion, collaboration and transition points. The research is contextualised by twenty years of policy initiatives seeking to address barriers to music learning. The article provides an overview of the research study before presenting the rich data that emerged within each theme reported. Research participant voice is used as much as possible to enable the reader to consider, reflect and interpret the data in a way that is meaningful for their own context. The paper concludes by asking why after 20 years of policy initiatives, research and evaluation the same barriers still exist and, as we emerge from the pandemic, suggests that this research provides a compelling case that now is the time for change.
L’expérience de retour au travail des personnes vieillissantes ayant subi une atteinte à la santé : un examen de la portée
Authors: Lecours Alexandra , Bédard-Mercier Roxanne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAging workers represent an emerging, growing, and essential population for the contemporary labour market. Considering their unique characteristics, these individuals are at risk of experiencing periods of disability at work due to different reasons (e.g., chronic diseases, occupational injuries) and a different return-to-work experience compared to younger workers. The scoping review presented in this article aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to returning to work in aging people who suffered a health impairment. Information from 34 manuscripts was extracted and analyzed, enabling the identification of factors hindering and facilitating the return to work of aging individuals, with regard to four systems: the individual, work, health, and compensation. The results suggest levers accessible to the various stakeholders involved in the process of returning to work for aging individuals to promote their healthy, safe, and satisfactory participation in work after a period of disability.
Associations between unpasteurised camel and other milk consumption, livestock ownership, and self-reported febrile and gastrointestinal symptoms among semi-pastoralists and pastoralists in the Somali Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Roess A. A. , Hosh F. M. , Morton L. C. , Bestul N. , Davis J. , Carruth L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Contact with livestock and consumption of unpasteurised dairy products are associated with an increased risk of zoonotic and foodborne infection, particularly among populations with close animal contact, including pastoralists and semi-pastoralists. However, there are limited data on disease risk factors among pastoralists and other populations where livestock herding, particularly of dromedary camels, is common. This cross-sectional study used a previously validated survey instrument to identify risk factors for self-reported symptoms. Adults (n = 304) were randomly selected from households (n = 171) in the Somali Region of Ethiopia, a region characterised by chronic food insecurity, population displacement, recurrent droughts and large semi-pastoralist and pastoralist populations. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between self-reported symptoms and type of milk consumed, controlling for demographics and human-animal interaction. Consumption of days-old unrefrigerated raw camel milk was significantly associated with symptoms in the 30 days prior to the survey (AOR = 5.07; 95% CI 2.41–10.66), after controlling for age, refugee status, sanitation, camel ownership and source of drinking water and accounting for clustering. Consumption of days-old unrefrigerated raw ruminant milk was significantly associated with symptoms (AOR = 4.00, 95% CI 1.27–12.58). Source of drinking water and camel ownership, a proxy for camel contact, were significantly associated with the outcome in each model. There were no significant associations between self-reported symptoms and fresh or soured animal milk consumption. Research is needed to identify pathogens and major routes of transmission. Tailored communication campaigns to encourage safe food preparation should also be considered.
Implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in an 8-kg infant: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dalili Mohammad , Sadeghpour Tabaei Ali , Rezanejad Elham 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator to prevent sudden cardiac death is an approved method. Experience is limited regarding implantation techniques in infants and low-weight children. We herein describe the implantation of an epicardial implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in a 15-month-old infant weighing 8 kg. We also briefly discuss implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in paediatrics, particularly infants, hoping that our experience will be drawn upon in further such attempts.
Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects: preliminary results in children weighing 10 kg or less
Authors: Mirza M Kamran , Abqari Shaad , Haseen Azam , Yadav Mayank 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Ventricular septal defect is one of the commonest heart defect in children and closure of this defect with devices has seen a rapid progression over a period of time. The availability of new and safer devices has made the transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect a suitable option even in young children.Aim:The study was done to evaluate the feasibility and complications of device closure of ventricular septal defect in children weighing 10 kg or less with different types of devices.Methods:The present study was undertaken in a newly established dedicated Paediatric Cardiac Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Relevant data were obtained retrospectively from the case files and the catheterisation records and data were analysed for first 50 patients with ventricular septal defect weighing 10 kg or less between March 2018 and March 2021.Results:Among these 50 patients selected, device closure was successfully done in 45 (90%) cases while 5 (10%) attempts were unsuccessful for various reasons. The mean weight in this study was 7.46 ± 1.89 kg (2.3–10 kg), 21 (42%) cases were females while 29 (58%) were males; mean age was 19.4 ± 11.88 months (4–48 months). Right heart catheterisation study showed 21 (42%) patients with normal pulmonary artery pressures (no pulmonary artery hypertension). Among 29 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, 13 patients (22%) were having mild pulmonary arterial hypertension, 4 (8%) were with moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension, and 12 (24%) were with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Mean Qp/Qs was 2.73 ± 0.72 (2.5–4.5) and mean pulmonary vascular resistance was 1.5 ± 1.04 (0.6–4.6 WU). Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADOI) was used in 15 (30%) cases, 27 (52%) cases were closed with Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADOII), and the 3 (6%) cases closure was done with Amplatzer muscular ventricular septal defect occluder.Conclusions:Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect in children 10 kg or less is feasible and safe alternative to surgical ventricular septal defect closure. The immediate and short-term outcomes have proven this method to be safe and valid.
Learning a Weather Dictionary of Atmospheric Patterns Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: Fery Lucas , Dubrulle Berengere , Podvin Berengere , Pons Flavio , Faranda Davide 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMid‐latitude circulation dynamics is often described in terms of weather regimes. Each pattern is given by a given combination of several synoptic objects (cyclones and anticyclones). Such intrication makes it arduous to quantify recurrence and intensity of climate extremes. Here we apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), used for topic modeling in linguistics, to build a weather dictionary: we define daily maps of a gridded target observable as documents, and the grid‐points composing the map as words. LDA provides a representation of documents in terms of a combination of spatial patterns named motifs, which are latent patterns inferred from the set of snapshots. For atmospheric data, we find that motifs correspond to pure synoptic objects (cyclones and anticyclones), that can be seen as building blocks of weather regimes. We show that LDA weights provide a natural way to characterize the impact of climate change on the recurrence of patterns associated with extreme events.
Polarimetric Size Sorting Signatures in the Convective Regions of Mesoscale Convective Systems in PECAN: Implications on Kinematics, Thermodynamics, and Precipitation Pathways
Authors: Tam Frederick Iat‐Hin , Yang Ming‐Jen , Lee Wen‐Chau 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn object‐based technique was utilized to identify hydrometeor size‐sorting signatures at lower levels in the convective regions of 10 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign. Composite statistical analysis indicates that the magnitudes of size‐sorting signatures (the separation distances between rain diameter maxima and concentration maxima) are nonlinearly correlated to the echo‐top height, rain mass beneath the melting level, and precipitation rates at higher percentiles. To explore this correlation, the weather forecasting and research model was used to simulate the 20 June 2015 MCS during PECAN. Statistical analysis of the model outputs indicates more active riming growth and quicker graupel fallout at warmer temperatures near areas with larger separation distances. While updraft intensity above the melting level was also positively correlated to separation distances, this correlation was only statistically significant within certain temperature ranges. Additional analyses reveal that the higher intense precipitation potential near signatures with large separation distances could be attributed to precipitation production from the melted graupel. Finally, spatial correspondence between graupel distribution at the melting level and rain distribution at the lowest model level illustrates the critical role of graupel sedimentation and sorting in creating size‐sorting signatures in MCSs during the PECAN field experiment.
Interpretable Framework of Physics‐Guided Neural Network With Attention Mechanism: Simulating Paddy Field Water Temperature Variations
Authors: Xie W. , Kimura M. , Takaki K. , Asada Y. , Iida T. , Jia X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the development of large‐scale rice cultivation management initiatives in East Asia, there is concern that a reduction in the number of human cultivators per unit area may lead to poor water management, which could result in decreased land productivity, owing to abnormally high‐ and low‐temperature damage to crops. Accurate simulation of paddy field water temperature is important for studying its impact on crops and providing timely information to aid in decision‐making for more efficient management under limited resources. We propose a neural‐network framework that considers the heat transfer by the vegetation canopy and applies physical‐theory constraints in its training. A novel tuning method is proposed to cope with the trade‐off between water temperature accuracy and physical consistency during training to ensure that the calculated water temperature variations in a paddy field enjoy high accuracy and physical consistency. In the experiments, the proposed framework outperforms physical process models and pure neural network models while maintaining high accuracy in the case of sparse data sets. Furthermore, an attention‐mechanism input layer is integrated into the model to rank feature importance, providing global interpretation to the proposed framework. We also perform sensitivity analysis on the physical process and propose models to compare their different strategies of feature ranking. The results show that the two methods have different sensitivities to different feature patterns, but they complement each other. In summary, the proposed model is credible and stable for practical applications and has the potential to guide more efficient paddy management.
Predicting Slowdowns in Decadal Climate Warming Trends With Explainable Neural Networks
Authors: Labe Zachary M. , Barnes Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe global mean surface temperature (GMST) record exhibits both interannual to multidecadal variability and a long‐term warming trend due to external climate forcing. To explore the predictability of temporary slowdowns in decadal warming, we apply an artificial neural network (ANN) to climate model data from the Community Earth System Model Version 2 Large Ensemble. Here, an ANN is tasked with whether or not there will be a slowdown in the rate of the GMST trend by using maps of ocean heat content (OHC) at the onset. Through a machine learning explainability method, we find the ANN is learning off‐equatorial patterns of anomalous OHC that resemble transitions in the phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation in order to make slowdown predictions. Finally, we test our ANN on observed historical data, which further reveals how explainable neural networks are useful tools for understanding decadal variability in both climate models and observations.
Relativistic Electron Precipitation Driven by Nonlinear Resonance With Whistler‐Mode Waves
Authors: Tsai Ethan , Artemyev Anton , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectron losses from the outer radiation belt are typically attributed to resonant electron scattering by whistler‐mode waves. Although the quasi‐linear diffusive regime of such scattering is well understood, the observed waves are often quite intense and in the nonlinear regime of resonant wave‐particle interaction. Such nonlinear resonant interactions are still being actively studied due to their potential for driving fast precipitation. However, direct observations of nonlinear resonance of whistler‐mode waves with electron distributions are scarce. Here, we present evidence for such resonance with high‐resolution electron energy and pitch angle spectra acquired at low‐altitudes by the dual Electron Losses and Fields INvestgation (ELFIN) CubeSats combined with conjugate measurements of equatorial plasma parameters, wave properties, and electron energy spectra by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and Magnetospheric MultiScale missions. ELFIN has obtained numerous conjunction events exhibiting whistler wave driven precipitation; in this study, we present two such events which epitomize signatures of nonlinear resonant scattering. A test particle simulation of electron interactions with intense whistler‐mode waves prescribed at the equator is employed to directly compare modeled precipitation spectra with ELFIN observations. We show that the observed precipitating spectra match expectations to within observational uncertainties of wave amplitude for reasonable assumptions of wave power distribution along the magnetic field line. These results indicate the importance of nonlinear resonant effects when describing intense precipitation patterns of energetic electrons and open the possibility of remotely investigating equatorial wave properties using just properties of precipitation energy and pitch angle spectra.
Investigating aluminum cookpots as a source of lead exposure in Afghan refugee children resettled in the United States
Authors: Fellows Katie M. , Samy Shar , Rodriguez Yoni , Whittaker Stephen G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAfghan refugee children resettled in Washington State have the highest prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) of any other refugee or immigrant population. Resettled families brought several lead-containing items with them from Afghanistan, including aluminum cookpots.ObjectivesTo evaluate the potential contribution of lead-containing cookpots to elevated BLLs in Afghan children and determine whether safer alternative cookware is available.MethodsWe screened 40 aluminum cookpots for lead content using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer and used a leachate method to estimate the amount of lead that migrates into food. We also tested five stainless steel cookpots to determine whether they would be safer alternatives.ResultsMany aluminum cookpots contained lead in excess of 100 parts per million (ppm), with a highest detected concentration of 66,374 ppm. Many also leached sufficient lead under simulated cooking and storage conditions to exceed recommended dietary limits. One pressure cooker leached sufficient lead to exceed the childhood limit by 650-fold. In contrast, stainless steel cookpots leached much lower levels of lead.SignificanceAluminum cookpots used by refugee families are likely associated with elevated BLLs in local Afghan children. However, this investigation revealed that other U.S. residents, including adults and children, are also at risk of poisoning by lead and other toxic metals from some imported aluminum cookpots.Impact StatementSome aluminum cookware brought from Afghanistan by resettled families as well as cookpots available for purchase in the United States represent a previously unrecognized source of lead exposure.
Mutations in trpγ, the homologue of TRPC6 autism candidate gene, causes autism-like behavioral deficits in Drosophila
Authors: Palacios-Muñoz Angelina , de Paula Moreira Danielle , Silva Valeria , García Isaac E. , Aboitiz Francisco , Zarrei Mehdi , Campos Gabriele , Rennie Olivia , Howe Jennifer L. , Anagnostou Evdokia , Ambrozewic Patricia , Scherer Stephen W. , Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Ewer John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. The TRPC6 (transient receptor potential channel 6) represents an ASD candidate gene under an oligogenic/multifactorial model based on the initial description and cellular characterization of an individual with ASD bearing a de novo heterozygous mutation disrupting TRPC6, together with the enrichment of disruptive TRPC6 variants in ASD cases as compared to controls. Here, we perform a clinical re-evaluation of the initial non-verbal patient, and also present eight newly reported individuals ascertained for ASD and bearing predicted loss-of-function mutations in TRPC6. In order to understand the consequences of mutations in TRPC6 on nervous system function, we used the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to show that null mutations in transient receptor gamma (trpγ; the fly gene most similar to TRPC6), cause a number of behavioral defects that mirror features seen in ASD patients, including deficits in social interactions (based on courtship behavior), impaired sleep homeostasis (without affecting the circadian control of sleep), hyperactivity in both young and old flies, and defects in learning and memory. Some defects, most notably in sleep, differed in severity between males and females and became normal with age. Interestingly, hyperforin, a TRPC6 agonist and the primary active component of the St. John’s wort antidepressant, attenuated many of the deficits expressed by trpγ mutant flies. In summary, our results provide further evidence that the TRPC6 gene is a risk factor for ASD. In addition, they show that the behavioral defects caused by mutations in TRPC6 can be modeled in Drosophila, thereby establishing a paradigm to examine the impact of mutations in other candidate genes.
A novel HSP90 inhibitor SL-145 suppresses metastatic triple-negative breast cancer without triggering the heat shock response
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Cho Tae-Min , Park Jung Min , Park Soeun , Park Minsu , Nam Kee Dal , Ko Dongmi , Seo Juyeon , Kim Seongjae , Jung Eunsun , Farrand Lee , Nguyen Cong-Truong , Hoang Van-Hai , Thanh La Minh , Ann Jihyae , Nam Gibeom , Park Hyun-Ju , Lee Jeewoo , Kim Yoon-Jae , Seo Jae Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite recent advances, there remains a significant unmet need for the development of new targeted therapies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although the heat shock protein HSP90 is a promising target, previous inhibitors have had issues during development including undesirable induction of the heat shock response (HSR) and off-target effects leading to toxicity. SL-145 is a novel, rationally-designed C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor that induces apoptosis in TNBC cells via the suppression of oncogenic AKT, MEK/ERK, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling and does not trigger the HSR, in contrast to other inhibitors. In an orthotopic allograft model incorporating breast cancer stem cell-enriched TNBC tumors, SL-145 potently suppressed tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastases concomitant with dysregulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Our findings highlight the potential of SL-145 in suppressing metastatic TNBC independent of the HSR.