bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute medical workup for new‐onset psychosis in children and adolescents: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Muhrer Eli , Moxam Alexander , Dunn Michelle , Rosen Alyssa , Taylor Jerome H. , Camacho Peter , Bowden Cadence , Worsley Diana , Doupnik Stephanie K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNo consensus exists about which medical testing is indicated for youth with new‐onset psychotic symptoms. We conducted a chart review of youths aged 7–21 years who were medically hospitalized for workup of new‐onset psychotic symptoms from January 2017 through September 2020 in a free‐standing children's hospital. The sample included 131 patients. At discharge, 129 (98.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 94.5–99.8) were diagnosed with a primary psychiatric condition, 1 was diagnosed with levetiracetam‐induced psychosis, and 1 with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis. Notably, 33 (25.2%; 95% CI: 18.0–33.5) had incidental findings unrelated to psychosis, 14 (10.7%; 95% CI: 6.0–17.3) had findings that required medical intervention but did not explain the psychosis, 12 (9.2%; 95% CI: 4.8–15.5) had a positive urine drug screen, and 4 (3.1%; 95% CI: 0.8–7.6) had a neurological exam consistent with conversion disorder. In conclusion, extensive medical testing in the acute setting for psychosis had a low yield for identifying medical etiologies of new‐onset psychotic symptoms.
No news from old drawings? Stomach anatomy in muroid rodents in relation to body size and ecology
Authors: Steiner Natalie , Clauss Marcus , Martin Louise F. , Imper Corina , Meloro Carlo , Duque‐Correa Maria J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMuroid rodents mostly have a complex stomach: one part is lined with a cornified (nonglandular) epithelium, referred to as a “forestomach”, whereas the rest is lined with glandular epithelium. Numerous functions for the forestomach have been proposed. We collated a catalog of anatomical depictions of the stomach of 174 muroid species from which the respective nonglandular and glandular areas could be digitally measured, yielding a “stomach ratio” (nonglandular:glandular area) as a scale‐independent variable. Stomach ratios ranged from 0.13 to 20.15, and the coefficient of intraspecific variation if more than one picture was available for a species averaged at 29.7% (±21.5). We tested relationships of the ratio with body mass and various anatomical and ecological variables, including diet. There was a consistent phylogenetic signal, suggesting that closely related species share a similar anatomy. Apart from classifying stomachs into hemiglandular and discoglandular, no anatomical or ecological measure showed a consistent relationship to the stomach ratio. In particular, irrespective of statistical method or the source of dietary information, dietary proxies did not significantly correlate with the stomach ratio, except for a trend towards significance for invertivory (insectivory). Yet, even this relationship was not convincing: whereas highly insectivorous species had high but no low stomach ratios, herbivorous species had both low and high stomach ratios. Thus, the statistical effect is not due to a systematic increase in the relative forestomach size with invertivory. The most plausible hypotheses so far associate the muroid forestomach and its microbiome with a generic protective role against microbial or fungal toxins and diseases, without evident correlates of a peculiar need for this function under specific ecological conditions. Yet, this function remains to be confirmed. While providing a catalog of published depictions and hypotheses, this study highlights that the function of the muroid rodent forestomach remains enigmatic to date.
3D modeling of inductive and capacitive coupling between surface‐mounted multilayer‐capacitors
Authors: Riener Christian , Bauernfeind Thomas , Baumgartner Paul , Hackl Herbert , Ibel Martin , Kvasnicka Samuel , Prestros Ralph , Roppert Klaus , Kaltenbacher Manfred 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectronic based systems (EBS) tend to become smaller in size while at the same time their functionality, complexity, and operating frequencies increase. Therefore, accurate and broadband characterization of the electric behavior of the components of such EBS is becoming more and more important for first‐time right designs, especially for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and interference (EMI) issues. Although many of the manufacturers provide the electric characterization of their components up to, for example, 8.5 GHz, there is still a lack of information about the parasitic electromagnetic coupling of their components to others. To characterize this behavior in terms of measurement is demanding due to the small size and the high frequencies, hence the characterization by means of numerical simulations has become popular in the last years. Due to the fact that the components can be quite complex and their structure hard to model and simulate, like it is the case for the here investigated multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC), simplified models of the geometry have been typically used. In general, the electromagnetic behavior of multiple components close to each other is of interest, hence numerical efficient models must be deployed to analyze interfering effects toward each other. In the present paper we evaluate different 3D modeling strategies for MLCCs in terms of their capabilities to characterize the mutual coupling between such components.
A climatology of aerosol optical depths in the ultraviolet wavelengths for Hobart, Australia, as determined by a Brewer MKIII spectrophotometer
Authors: Nuñez Manuel , Serrano Antonio , Larson Nels R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe study examines aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements at 320 nm wavelength by a Brewer MKIII spectrophotometer located in Hobart, Australia. A climatology was developed from records encompassing the period April 4, 2002, to February 27, 2019. A methodology is described to extract cloudless episodes and cloudless half‐days. Extraterrestrial irradiances are obtained using a travelling calibration standard and are supplemented by Langley analyses on cloudless and stable half‐days. AODs are obtained by applying Beer's law to every reading and subtracting known values of ozone optical depth and Rayleigh scatter. Statistics are provided on the daily, monthly and interannual variability. Concurrent measurements from a Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) operating in the visible band enabled the spectral variability of AOD to be determined. They showed the dominance of oceanic aerosols but with some input from land‐based aerosols originating mostly from biomass burning.
Successful real‐world application of an osteoarthritis classification deep‐learning model using 9210 knees—An orthopedic surgeon's view
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Tzu , Huang Brady , Thogiti Nagaraju , Zhu Wan‐Xuan , Chang Chih‐Hung , Pao Jwo‐Luen , Lai Feipei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of a deep‐learning model to evaluate knee osteoarthritis using Kellgren–Lawrence grading in real‐life knee radiographs. A deep convolutional neural network model was trained using 8964 knee radiographs from the osteoarthritis initiative (OAI), including 962 testing set images. Another 246 knee radiographs from the Far Eastern Memorial Hospital were used for external validation. The OAI testing set and external validation images were evaluated by experienced specialists, two orthopedic surgeons, and a musculoskeletal radiologist. The accuracy, interobserver agreement, F1 score, precision, recall, specificity, and ability to identify surgical candidates were used to compare the performances of the model and specialists. Attention maps illustrated the interpretability of the model classification. The model had a 78% accuracy and consistent interobserver agreement for the OAI (model‐surgeon 1 К = 0.80, model‐surgeon 2 К = 0.84, model‐radiologist К = 0.86) and external validation (model‐surgeon 1 К = 0.81, model‐surgeon 2 К = 0.82, model‐radiologist К = 0.83) images. A lower interobserver agreement was found in the images misclassified by the model (model‐surgeon 1 К = 0.57, model‐surgeon 2 К = 0.47, model‐radiologist К = 0.65). The model performed better than specialists in identifying surgical candidates (Kellgren–Lawrence Stages 3 and 4) with an F1 score of 0.923. Our model not only had comparable results with specialists with respect to the ability to identify surgical candidates but also performed consistently with open database and real‐life radiographs. We believe the controversy of the misclassified knee osteoarthritis images was based on a significantly lower interobserver agreement.
Impact of pretreatments with ethanol and freezing on drying slice papaya: drying performance and kinetic of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of phenolics compounds
Authors: Santos Newton Carlos , Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , da Silva Gabriel Monteiro , de Alcântara Silva Vírgínia Mirtes , de Alcântara Ribeiro Victor Herbert , de Oliveira Brito Ana Carla , de Sousa Rodrigues Larissa Monique , Santos Rebeca Morais Silva , Saraiva Maria Monique Tavares 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPretreatments of drying can represent an alternative to minimize the negative aspect process on the dry samples. Thus, the influence of ethanol (ET) and freezing (FG) as drying pretreatments was analyzed for slices of papaya. The slices (5 mm) were submitted for drying kinetics (60 °C and 1.5 m s−1). Drying kinetics experimental data were fitted using Page's model and a diffusive model with boundary condition of types I and III. Also the thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat) were determined and finally, the kinetics of ultrasound‐assisted (40 kHz and 132 W) extraction of total phenolic compounds (TPCs) were realized.ResultsThe combined method (ET + FG) was more efficient in reducing the drying time of papaya slices (48%) and the model 2 simulating the boundary condition of the third type (type III) showed the best fit to the experimental data. Effective diffusivity and convective coefficient were higher for ET + FG, where the maximum reduction in water content was 91% compared to fresh slices. The pretreatments did not influence the thermal conductivity, however, they were significant in the specific heat and in the extraction of TPCs, being higher in the time of 180 min.ConclusionIt was confirmed in the results presented that the combined pretreatment ET + FG is the most viable for drying papaya slices. Furthermore, it was found to be the most efficient in minimizing the loss of TPCs. Therefore, this pretreatment has great potential for application in the development of high value‐added foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Chest wall resection for breast cancer: 21st century Mayo clinic experience
Authors: Durgan Diane M. , De La Cruz Ku Gabriel , Thomas Mathew , Pockaj Barbara A. , McLaughlin Sarah A. , Casey William J. , Vijayasekaran Aparna , Wigle Dennis , Cheville John C. , Tonneson Jennifer , Hoskin Tanya L. , Jakub James W. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized full‐thickness chest wall resection (FTCWR) with advanced surgical techniques and modern systemic therapy is safe, provides local control, and good overall survival.MethodsRetrospective review of FTCWR (including rib or part of sternum) for breast cancer between 2000 and 2020. Primary endpoints included 90‐day morbidities and all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were loco‐regional and distant recurrence, DFS and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 35 patients met the criteria. 34 FTCWR were for recurrence and the median time to chest wall recurrence was 6 years. Tumor subtype was triple‐negative in 51% and the remainder HR+ Her2−. 58% were palliative resections. FTCWR included rib(s) in 89% and portion of sternum in 57%; 94% required reconstruction and 80% were R0 resections. There were no 90‐day mortalities. Overall morbidity was 10/35(28%). 17(49%) patients received neoadjuvant systemic therapy for their recurrence and three received neoadjuvant radiation. Adjuvant treatment included chemotherapy (8), endocrine therapy (3), and both (8). Ten patients (28%) received adjuvant radiation. The Median follow‐up was 31 months and there were 6 (17%) loco‐regional and 7 (20%) distant recurrences. OS was 86% and 67% at 1 and 3 years, respectively.ConclusionFTCWR was associated with low morbidity, mortality, recurrence rates, and good OS. Selective FTCWR is safe and has acceptable short‐term survival rates.
Ingredients in the Visual Perception of Hypomobile Vocal Fold Motion Impairment
Authors: Han Jasper , George Sachin S. , Mau Ted 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe clinical determination of vocal fold (VF) hypomobility based on laryngoscopy is subjective. Previous studies point to VF motion anomaly as the most commonly reported factor in the diagnosis of hypomobility. This study tested the hypotheses that VF angular velocities and angular range of motion (ROM) differ between the two VFs in cases of unilateral VF hypomobility.Study DesignRetrospective.MethodsSemi‐automated analysis of laryngoscopic videos of 18 subjects diagnosed with unilateral VF hypomobility and 13 subjects with normal VF mobility was performed to quantify/compare the VF angular velocity and ROM between the two VFs during /i/−sniff and laugh.ResultsIn the hypomobile VF group, 7 out of 15 (47%) videos with /i/−sniff and 5 out of 8 (63%) with laugh had a statistically significant difference in the angular velocities between the VFs in either abduction or adduction. For VF ROM, 8 out of 15 (53%) /i/−sniff videos and 4 out of 8 (50%) with laughter had a statistically significant difference between VFs. In the group without the diagnosis of VF hypomobility, 9 out of 13 subjects (69%) had no difference in VF angular velocity and ROM during either /i/−sniff or laugh.ConclusionsDifferences in VF angular velocity or ROM are measurable in a substantial subset of subjects diagnosed with unilateral VF hypomobility. Clinicians' ability to gauge VF motion goes beyond what can be extracted from frame‐by‐frame analysis. Other visual cues, in addition to VF angular velocity and ROM, likely contribute to the perception of unilateral VF hypomobility.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:866–874, 2023
Healthcare disparities for the development of airway stenosis from the medical intensive care unit
Authors: Burruss Clayton Prakash , Pappal Robin B. , Witt Michael A. , Harryman Christopher , Ali Syed Z. , Bush Matthew L. , Fritz Mark A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectives/hypothesisTo identify sociodemographic factors associated with the development of airway stenosis (AS) among intubated medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA retrospective review of adult MICU intubated patients from 2013 to 2019 at a single academic institution was performed. Univariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression examined associations between the development of AS and subsite abnormalities such as posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), subglottic stenosis (SGS), tracheal stenosis (TS), vocal fold immobility (VFI), and posterior glottic granuloma (PGG) with age, body mass index (BMI), height, weight, race, ethnicity, sex, rurality, Appalachian status, length of admission, distance to hospital, and median household income.ResultsOf an overall sample of 6603 MICU patients, 449 intubated patients were included in the study, and 204 patients were found to have AS. AS was statistically associated with decreased driving distance to the hospital and increases in BMI. PGS was statistically associated with increases in age. TS was statistically associated with increases in admission duration and not having residence status in Appalachia. VFI was statistically associated with decreases in driving distance to the hospital and not having residence status in Appalachia. Additionally, black patients had a higher odds of developing VFI compared to Caucasian patients.ConclusionAS is associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, BMI, shorter distance to hospital, admission duration, and no Appalachian status. These data demonstrate the need to further investigate the impact of social determinants of health on airway pathology and outcomes.Level of evidence4.
Grazing by an endemic atyid shrimp controls microbial communities in the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem
Authors: Havird Justin C. , Brannock Pamela M. , Yoshioka Reyn M. , Vaught Rebecca C. , Carlson Kaile'a , Edwards Collin , Tracy Allison , Twining Cornelia W. , Zheng Yun , Chai David , Wilson Alan E. , Hairston Nelson G. , Santos Scott R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnimals often shape environmental microbial communities, which can in turn influence animal gut microbiomes. Invasive species in critical habitats may reduce grazing pressure from native species and shift microbial communities. The landlocked coastal ponds, pools, and caves that make up the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem support an endemic shrimp (Halocaridina rubra) that grazes on diverse benthic microbial communities, including orange cyanobacterial‐bacterial crusts and green algal mats. Here, we asked how shrimp: (1) shape the abundance and composition of microbial communities, (2) respond to invasive fishes, and (3) whether their gut microbiomes are affected by environmental microbial communities. We demonstrate that ecologically relevant levels of shrimp grazing significantly reduce epilithon biomass. Shrimp grazed readily and grew well on both orange crusts and green mat communities. However, individuals from orange crusts were larger, despite crusts having reduced concentrations of key fatty acids. DNA profiling revealed shrimp harbor a resident gut microbiome distinct from the environment, which is relatively simple and stable across space (including habitats with different microbial communities) and time (between wild‐caught individuals and those maintained in the laboratory for >2 yr). DNA profiling also suggests shrimp grazing alters environmental microbial community composition, possibly through selective consumption and/or physical interactions. While this work suggests grazing by endemic shrimp plays a key role in shaping microbial communities in the Hawaiian anchialine ecosystem, the hypothesized drastic ecological shifts resulting from invasive fishes may be an oversimplification as shrimp may largely avoid predation. Moreover, environmental microbial communities may have little influence on shrimp gut microbiomes.
Design and optimization of wireless in‐situ sensor coupled with gas–water equilibrators for continuous pCO2 measurement in aquatic environments
Authors: Lee Daryl Jia Jun , Kek Kah Teik , Wong Wei Wen , Mohd Nadzir Mohd Shahrul , Yan Jinpei , Zhan Liyang , Poh Seng‐Chee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAffordable, highly precise, and accurate CO2 sensor is a prerequisite for more extensive CO2 measurements in various environmental settings, and thus more accurate local and global carbon budgets. Here, we propose the use of an autonomous system for the detection of CO2 concentration (mole fraction), appropriate for inland freshwater and eutrophic coastal environments. We describe the construction of a CO2 sensing device (SIPCO2‐II) using off‐the‐shelf commercial products that integrate wireless communication capability. We also report the proof of concept of two newly designed gas–water equilibrators (GWEs) for in‐situ CO2 monitoring to be used with SIPCO2‐II. The performance of the SIPCO2‐II is evaluated in detail, providing information on the sensor sensitivity, detection limit and stability, and comparing these to a commercially available CO2 analyzer (LGR 915‐0011; Los Gatos Research). Comparison results demonstrate good agreement between the two devices with the root mean square error of 5%. The accuracy and precision of SIPCO2‐II against CO2 reference gases are evaluated and values are within 99–104% recovery and 0.9–3 ppm, respectively. The GWEs which comprised either a semi‐passive floater (free‐drifting float equilibrator; FDFE) or a hybrid showerhead‐marble equilibrator (SME) are tested in the laboratory and in the environment. Overall, the SME outperforms FDFE in terms of response time (4 vs. 16 min). The FDFE can cover larger survey areas with lower cost, due to its semi‐passive feature that allows it to drift with water current. The outcome of our study provides an alternative to budget‐constrained CO2 monitoring regimes without compromising the accuracy and precision of the measurements.
Properties of Electrospun Aligned Poly(lactic acid)/Collagen Fibers with Nanoporous Surface for Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering
Authors: Xu Tao , Zhang Xu , Dai Xiu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIt is important for the functional recovery of defective nerves to construct a suitable microenvironment for nerve regeneration by optimizing the topological structure and biological functions of nerve grafts. Electrospun fibers are employed to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the effect of the porous features on fiber surface draws much attention. Yet, little is known about the effect of the nanotopology of the fiber surface in conjunction with collagen I (COL) on neural cells. Herein, poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/COL hybrid fibrous membranes with a nanoporous structure on a fiber surface are fabricated. The performance of the obtained fibrous membranes is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle (WCA), and tensile test measurements. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of PLA/COL hybrid fibrous membranes and their effects on neural cells are systematically investigated. The physicochemical test results show that the PLA/COL hybrid fibrous membranes have appropriate mechanical properties and improved hydrophilicity. The MTT assay and hemolysis assay suggest the nontoxicity and good hemocompatibility of PLA/COL membranes. The nanoporous structure on the fiber surface and the introduction of COL synergistically promote proliferation and elongation of Schwann cells (SCs) and the extension of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites.
Fabrication and Bioactivity of Peptide‐Conjugated Biomaterial Tissue Engineering Constructs
Authors: Nun Nicholas , Joy Abraham 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTissue engineering combines materials engineering, cells and biochemical factors to improve, restore or replace various types of biological tissues. A nearly limitless combination of these strategies can be combined, providing a means to augment the function of a number of biological tissues such as skin tissue, neural tissue, bones, and cartilage. Compounds such as small molecule therapeutics, proteins, and even living cells have been incorporated into tissue engineering constructs to influence biological processes at the site of implantation. Peptides have been conjugated to tissue engineering constructs to circumvent limitations associated with conjugation of proteins or incorporation of cells. This review highlights various contemporary examples in which peptide conjugation is used to overcome the disadvantages associated with the inclusion of other bioactive compounds. This review covers several peptides that are commonly used in the literature as well as those that do not appear as frequently to provide a broad scope of the utility of the peptide conjugation technique for designing constructs capable of influencing the repair and regeneration of various bodily tissues. Additionally, a brief description of the construct fabrication techniques encountered in the covered examples and their advantages in various tissue engineering applications is provided.