bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI METODE K-MEANS CLUSTERING TUNGGAKAN UANG KULIAH PADA STMIK ROYAL KISARAN
Authors: Risnawati Risnawati , Rahmadani Nurul 
Published: April 2022

Uang kuliah adalah biaya kuliah yang perlu dibayarkan oleh mahasiswa setiap semesternya secara mandiri, lebih tepatnya di sebut dengan SPP (Sumbangan Pembinaan Pendidikan). STMIK Royal adalah perguruan tinggi swasta yang bergerak dibidang komputer yang memiliki jumlah mahasiswa lebih kurangÂ 2535 mahasiswa yang aktif, yang memiliki tunggakan kuliah sebesar Rp. 399.720.500 untuk semester 1 program studi sistem informasi. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan bagian administrasi kesulitan untuk membuat laporan tunggakan uang kuliah berdasarkan kelas dan semesternya. Pada penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah K-Means Clustering diambil dari 17 kelas semester 1 dengan menghitung tunggakan uang kuliah dari termin 1, termin 2, termin 3, dan termin 4 untuk dilakukan pengelompolan data dengan ketentuan 3 cluster yaitu tunggakan tertinggi, tunggakan sedang, dan tunggakan terendah. Hasil dari penelitian dan pengelompokan data dengan metode K-Means Clustering dari 3 cluster yang ditentukan terdapat 3 kelas dengan tunggakan tertinggi, 9 kelas tunggakan sedang, dan 2 kelas tunggakan terendah.Â
Nutritional Iron Requirements and Deficiency
Authors: Mehboob Riffat 
Published: April 2022

Deficiency of iron is a major cause for disability and mortality globally and it occurs due to non-absorption of iron from diet. Hence, the physiological requirements of human body cannot be met leading to various conditions of health concern such as gestational complications, poor pregnancy outcome, decreased educational and occupational performance. Usually, the dietary iron bioavailability is low in populations consuming vegetarian diet. This iron deficiency can cause several health and economic losses. At large, whole nation and country suffers as a consequence.
Iron requirements are at specified upward extent in adolescents, particularly during the rapid growth period [1]. Overweight children and adolescents are at higher risk of iron deficiency due to insufficient dietary intake of iron and use of those foods which are unbalance in nutrition [2]. Menstrual blood iron losses varies markedly from one woman to another but these losses are very constant for an individual from month to month [3]. Even in geographically widely separated populations of the world, the central part of the variation of menstrual blood losses is controlled genetically by fibrinolytic activators in the uterine mucosa. The variations in iron contents in different populations are related to a variation in the absorption of iron from the diets but not related to a variation in iron requirements [4,5].
Iron supplementation and flour fortification can control iron deficiency in populations. Governments should take initiatives by monitoring the health status of populations by adopting various methodologies and conducting surveys, follow ups and then providing fortified foods to deficient populations, taking special care of pregnant anemic women and devising a proper policy and guidelines in this regard.
Assessment of Dietary Patterns Among Patients Suffering From Fatty Liver Disease Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Afif Atif , Mazhar Zergham , Nazir Muhammad Asad , Bashir Shahid 
Published: April 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevailing liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is a defect at metabolic level that includes steatosis or hepatic fatty infiltration. Besides liver related mortality and morbidity, non-alcoholic fatty disease is also associated with serious complications of other organs, such as heart diseases. Objective: To assess the dietary patterns among patients suffering from fatty liver disease. Method: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and Shaikh Zayed Hospital, both are Tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Data was collected by self made questionnaire 270 patients were selected between the age of 19-65 years. A non probability convenient sampling technique was used and data was further analyzed by mean of SPSS v.25.0. Result: It was observed that 65.2% patients were consumers of cold drink, 56.4% patients were consumer of fatty food , 64.8% patients were skipping their meal.74.6% patients have no physical activity, 69.7%patients were overweight ,61% fatty liver patients were diabetic and 71.2% patients were not taking any type of supplements. Conclusion: Current study concluded that less physical activity, consumption of fatty food, cold drinks and less intake of nutritional supplements were responsible for this disease.
Pharmacological Potential of Sweet Violet (Banafsha) on Human Body
Authors: Ashfaq Maimoona , Arshad Misbah , Rizwan Bahisht 
Published: April 2022

Sweet violet commonly known as Gul-e-Bafasha or Banafsha is a herb widely used as ethnomedicine in dried form in Pakistan for the treatment of various disease or symptoms. Viola odorata had phytochemicals constituents (flavonoids, flavanols, ascorbic acid, phenolics) and antioxidative property Objective: The goal of this research is to emphasize Viola Odorat's (Gul-e-Banafsha) therapeutic benefits on human health. Methods: This review literature is assessed from the previous data available from google scholar, Medline and PubMed. After going through the published articles, researches and literature, initially 104 articles were included, after excluding irrelevant and repeated articles, 37-full text articles and abstract were relevant and found eligible for the study. Results: Sweet violet scientifically known as Viola odorata has been widely used as ethnomedicine in rural areas of Pakistan for the treatment of skin infection, insomnia, inflammation, cough, fever and Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD) with very low adverse side effects. Its leaves are used as antiseptic used as ointment and its flower has a laxative effect. It is rich in flavonoids like widely known for its therapeutic properties. Due to its phenolic property, it had antioxidant and antimicrobial property, presences of flavonoids had an anti-cancerous effect, it had tannins which reduces the mutagenic activity and it had saponins which reduces blood glucose levels in body. Presence of saponins in Sweet violet lead to the anticarcinogens, melanogenesis, neuroprotective, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory property. Presence of Isoquinoline alkaloids constituent led to expectorant and antipyretic effect. Viola odorata is used as phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceutical agent. Conclusions: Sweet Voila had acclaimed the therapeutic effect on human health as antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antilipidemic and hepatoprotective activity due to the presences of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and coumarins.
A Comparative Analysis Between Two Varieties of Wheat By Means of in-vitro Propagation
Authors: Baig Ameer Hamza , Hasnain Ammarah , Kanwal Shazia 
Published: April 2022

With increasing population, world is facing a decrease in food production and increase in huger. Scientist and researchers are now trying to developing techniques to isolate the high yield varieties of staple food crops and enhance the cropping structure. In this study two varieties of wheat (T. aestivum L.) are selected and made a comparative analysis of them is carried out by making callus culture. Callus culture will give the idea about growing capabilities of each variety. Methods: In vitro propagation technique is used to induce callogenesis with the help of PGR. Auxin is used as a PGR, whereas embryos were explants used for the experiment. The experiment is divided into these stages: Surface sterilization, Stock solution formation, Media formation, Embryo excision and Frequency of Callogenesis (%). Results: Out of 60 excised embryos 18 and 12 calli were formed for Galaxy-2013-2013 and Faisalabad-2008-2008 respectively. Calli of Galaxy-2013-2013 was visible after 8 days and calli of Faisalabad-2008 were visible after 14 days. The frequency of callogenesis of both varieties was found to be 30 and 20% respectively. Conclusion: Both varieties of wheat can be cultivated on large scale and are able to generate greater yields as compared to other wheat varieties.
Accuracy of the sonographic acromion to greater tuberosity distance during abduction in the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome
Authors: Bacha Raham , Gilani Syed Amir , Hanif Asif , Manzoor Iqra , Butt Sabir , Khadija Syeda 
Published: April 2022

Shoulder impingement is the painful entrapment of the soft tissues in the shoulder outlet. Currently, dynamic sonography of the shoulder is the modality of choice for the evaluation of shoulder impingement syndrome. However, the current sonographic criteria for the evaluation of shoulder impingement is more subjective (operator dependent). And it is rather difficult for a novice observer to diagnose it. The measurable distance between acromion and greater tuberosity is during shoulder abduction is considered for shoulder impingement syndrome. Objective: To estimate the accuracy of the acromion to greater tuberosity distance in shoulder abduction as a sonographic diagnostic parameter for the shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Seven hundred and seventy-two shoulders were observed in this study. All the shoulders were evaluated with Toshiba Xario Prime ultrasound Unit with linear transducer 7-14MHz. Acromion to greater tuberosity distance was measured during the abducted arm. All the shoulders with measurable distance during abduction were declared as positive for impingement while unmeasurable distance due to disappearance of the greater tuberosity underneath the acromion was normal. Results: At 95% confidence interval, the sensitivity, and specificity with lower and upper limits, of the acromion to greater tuberosity distance during abduction for the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome were 0.9731% (95.25 to 98.49%) and 100% (98.49 to 100%) respectively. While the positive-predictive and negative-predictive value were 100% (98.22% to 100%) and 97.12% (94.96% to 98.37%) respectively. However, the overall Accuracy at 95% confidence interval was 98.45% (97.30% to 99.20%). There was a high-grade interobserver (novice and expert) agreement in the diagnosis of shoulder impingement through this criteria with a Kappa value of 0.96. Conclusion: Sonographically measurable acromion to greater tuberosity distance in abduction is a more accurate, reliable, and objective technique for the diagnosis of shoulder impingement syndrome.
ОБЩЕСТВО И ПРАВО ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ И РАЗВИТИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ЮРИДИЧЕСКОЙ СЕМИОТИКИ – НАУКИ О СИМВОЛАХ ПРАВА
Authors: Уткир О. 
Published: April 2022

В статье исследуется процесс зарождения и развития концепции науки о символах права – юридической семиотики и проблемы определения ее статуса.
Мақолада ҳуқуқ рамзлари тўғрисидаги фан – ҳуқуқий семиотика тушунчасининг келиб чиқиши ва ривожланиши, мақоми муаммоси ўрганилган.
The articles discusses the origin and development of the concept of the science of the symbols of law – legal semiotics and the problem of determining its status
Solar Absorption Index (SAI) as a Parameter to Assess the Coolness of Fabrics Exposed to Sunlight
Authors: Scipioni Marco , Silva Edmir , Farahi Faramarz , Farahi Faramarz 
Published: April 2022

Any textiles intended for outdoor usage, particularly in a hot climate with intense sunlight, must be designed and engineered to provide cooling comfort to the wearer. In the case of apparel, clothing creates a microclimate that helps the body maintain its regular thermoregulatory and physiological activities while offering protection against outdoor exposure to UV rays. It is well known that fabrics that absorb significant amounts of solar radiation become inherently hot and feel uncomfortable. This article presents a review of the fundamental radiation interaction mechanisms of fabrics and discusses the key role that fabric structure plays in fabric radiation absorption to determine how cool or hot a fabric will become when exposed to sunlight. A new parameter called the Solar Absorption Index (SAI) is introduced and can be used to characterise the level of coolness (or hotness) of a fabric exposed to solar radiation. The SAI is calculated directly from the fabric’s temperature, ultimately the main factor in determining fabric ability to stay cool. The discussion presented in this article focuses solely on the interaction between solar radiation and fabrics without considering the effects of convection, conduction or any interdependency with the moisture level in the environment.
Process Qualification of the Individualization of Protective Clothing Design Based on 3D Scanning Technique
Authors: Grabowska Grażyna , Struszczyk Marcin , Błaszczyk Joanna , Woźniakowska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2022

The process of individualizing personal protective equipment (PPE) is aimed at achievingoptimal fit to the user’s body, thus maximizing comfort, especially when PPE is applied in critical conditions. The aim of the research was to confirm the possibility of implementing PPE in rea industrial conditions and to estimate the comfort of use in real conditions of use. In order to perform the last stage of the personalization procedure for firefighter suits, process qualification was carried out in an industrial environment, and the firefighter’s PPE fabricated was validated under real conditions of firefighters’ activities. The effect of implementation of the individualization procedure confirmed optimal fitting of the PPE to the individual user’s body and allowed for improvement of the comfort of use.
Comparison of Granulation Methods for Tannery Shavings
Authors: Ławińska Katarzyna , Modrzewski Remigiusz , Obraniak Andrzej 
Published: April 2022

The work presents a comparison of methods of granulating waste – tannery shavings – from the leather industry. This waste is often used for the production of leather composites, but it creates a number of problems in transport and storage. It seems that granulation of this waste together with mineral additives needed in their further processing is a solution. However, the traditional method of granulation involving the gradual moistening of a loose deposit on a moving surface of the granulator does not give the desired results for the granulation of material with such unusual physical properties. Therefore, new methods have been proposed to eliminate the disadvantages and limitations of traditional granulation. The methods proposed differ in the way the binder liquid and mineral material are applied. They consist in soaking the shavings with binding liquid beforehand, removing excess liquid, and then granulating the wet pulp with the addition of selected fine-grained mineral material. Analysis of the results was based on a comparison of the granulometric compositions and compressive strength of the agglomerates obtained.
Romanian Consumer Preferences for Celebrity Endorsement TV Ads for Romanian and Global Apparel Brands
Authors: Gabor Manuela Rozalia , Cristache Nicoleta , Oltean Flavia Dana 
Published: April 2022

n the context of contemporary society, the behaviour of the consumer is influenced to a great extent by models that appear in advertisements. Romanian clothing companies should take into account that globally they are competing against top brand companies with proven marketing strategies and which make use of celebrity endorsements in order to increase the value of their brands and to strengthen their image. The research purposes are as follows: (1) to empirically test – by using non-parametric statistics and through a convenience sampling and self-administrative questionnaire – Romanian consumers’ preferences for using celebrity endorsements in fashion clothing TV advertisements both for Romanian and global brands, (2) to measure customers’ brand loyalty, (3) customers’ awareness, and (4) consumers’ purchase intentions towards brands. A set of five research hypotheses was tested. Our results validate the international ones. These results fill a gap in the little empirical knowledge available on celebrity endorsements in Romania.
Grafting Modification of Natural Fibres with Cyclodextrin
Authors: Liu Jinshu , Ma Xiaoyan , Shi Wenzhao , Xing Jianwei , Ma Chaoqun 
Published: April 2022

Over the years, a multiplicity of grafting modification techniques have been studied to combine the adsorption and wettability of natural fibres with the capacity of cyclodextrins (CDs) to form inclusion complexes. The fixation of CDs on fibres is possible using crosslinking agents or reactive derivatives of cyclodextrins. Various crosslinking chemicals are suitable to bind the hydroxyl groups of non-reactive cyclodextrins with those of natural fibres by way of spraying, padding, surface coating, and impregnation. Nano-composite dense polymer film could also be formed to anchor the cyclodextrin on the natural fibre surface by the methods of hydrogen binding or covalent binding in sol-gel. A vinyl monomer such as glycidyl methacrylate was used to form polymer coatings due to the pendant epoxy group coupled with the –OH of cyclodextrin and natural fibres. This review also focused on the derivatives of CDs with the reactive group reacting with the hydroxyl groups of natural fibres.
Development of Loop-Shaped Textile Anchoring Reinforcements Based on Multiaxial Warp Knitting Technology
Authors: Rittner Steffen , Speck Kerstin , Seidel André , Ewertowski Mateusz , Curbach Manfred , Cherif Chokri 
Published: April 2022

Due to the General Building Approval granted for the strengthening of steel reinforced concrete structures by means of textile reinforced concrete, the foundation for its introduction into practice was successfully established. It approves textile reinforcements in the form of non-crimp fabrics made of carbon fibre heavy tows with high yarn fineness. Thus, it is aimed at increasing the amount of filaments per roving in order to minimise the number of reinforcing layers required. However, the relation between the surface and cross-sectional area is compromised once fineness is increased, leading to an unfavourable enlargement of anchoring and overlapping lengths. Therefore, a recently concluded research project evaluated if this challenge can be overcome by means of a loop-shaped selvedge. This paper presents the results generated within these investigations, proving the potential of the textile-based solution. Moreover, required machine modifications based on multiaxial warp knitting technology for the integral and continuous manufacturing of anchoring textile reinforcements as well as significant results derived from bonding tests will be introduced.
Measurement of the Inside Microclimate of Footwear Constructed from Different Material Sets
Authors: Grabowska-Polanowska Beata , Kwiecień Joanna , Gajewski Robert 
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of footwear materials used on the microclimate inside shoes and to identify which material set provides optimal comfort to users. The microclimate of the interior of 21 pairs of footwear was tested. Selected nonwovens, natural leather, and leather-like materials were used to make the upper, lining and insole lining. Determined was the amount of water absorbed on the sock fibres, and measurement was taken of the relative humidity and temperature, as well as the permeability and sorption of outer materials and lining elements.Results of the researches carried out showed that in order to ensure adequate footwear comfort, materials for the upper should have high permeability, while lining materials should have both high sorption and permeability.
Predicting the Relaxation Modulus for the Study of the Delayed Behaviour of Kenaf Fibres in Stress Relaxation
Authors: Saïdjo S , Ntenga Richard , Mfoumou Etienne , Beda Tibi , Beakou Alexis 
Published: April 2022

Plant fibres (PFs) are preferred reinforcements of bio-composites. Knowledge of their lifespan requires a study of their viscoelastic behaviour. In this paper, a stress relaxation analysis of kenaf fibres was performed at a constant rate of deformation at room temperature. A method for extracting the relaxation modulus in the deferred zone was proposed. This method was compared, using simulation, with the Zapas-Phillips method and experimental data via three predictive models: the stretched exponential function or KWW, the inverse power law of Nutting and the prony series. The results indicate that the relaxation modulus obtained by the method proposed is in good agreement with the experimental modulus. In addition, the estimated error is of the same order of magnitude as in the case of the Zapas-Phillips method. The parameters estimated from the KWW function (β = 0.4) and prony series model showed an important contribution in the study of the delayed response of kenaf fibres. These results can have a significant impact on the use of kenaf fibres in midterm and long-term loading applications.
Improving the Water-Repellent and Antifungal Properties of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Materials by Decoration with ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Nachev Nasko , Spasova Mariya , Manolova Nevena , Rashkov Iliya , Naydenov Mladen 
Published: April 2022

Suitable conditions for the preparation of nano- and microstructured materials from cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate/ZnO from solutions/suspensions in aceton/water by electrospinning/electrospraying were found. The materials obtained were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and contact angle measurements. The antifungal activity of the materials obtained against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, which is one of the main species causing diseases in grapevines, was studied as well. It was found that electrospinning of CA solutions with a concentration of 10 wt% reproducibly resulted in the preparation of defect-free fibres with a mean fibre diameter of ~780 nm. The incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles resulted in the fabrication of hybrid materials with superhydrophobic properties (contact angle 152°). The materials decorated with ZnO possessed antifungal activity against P. chlamydospora. Thus, the fibrous materials of cellulose acetate decorated with ZnO particles obtained can be suitable candidates to find potential application in agriculture for plant protection.
Investigation of Stab Protection Properties of Aramid Fibre-Reinforced 3D Printed Elements
Authors: Sitotaw Dereje Berihun , Ahrendt Dustin , Kyosev Yordan , Kabish Abera Kechi 
Published: April 2022

A stab resistant vest is a reinforced piece of body armour designed to resist knife or needle attacks of different energy levels specifically to the upper part of the body (chest and abdomen) to save lives. The majority of armours limit several comfort parameters, such as free locomotion, respiration, flexibility and light weight, which determine efficient use by wearers and their willingness to wear. Currently available armours are usually made of a single plate, and although often segmentation is used with just a few but still quite large pieces, the materials are compact and bulky to wear. In this study, stab protective armor elements (scale-like elements) of 3 mm thickness and 50 mm diameter were designed, produced (3D printed) and tested for performance. Aramid fibre was used for its strength, durability and process ability to develop protection elements at unidirectional and multidirectional filling angles during 3D printing. The specimens were tested according to VPAM KDIW 2004. The specimens designed and developed with multidirectional filling angles of aramid resist the puncturing energy level K1 (25 J) with a penetration depth less than the maximum allowed for the K1 energy level by VPAM. These specimens showed a high protection level of relative small thickness (3 mm) and light weight (6.57 grams for the estimated area A ≈ 1963.5 mm2) as compared to the currently certified armors for K1 (for example, the aluminum mass is 13.33 grams for 2 mm thickness and 50 mm diameter).