bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional and local environment drive biogeographic patterns in intertidal microorganisms
Authors: Xu Yuan , Chen Xinyi , Zhang Jiawei , Soininen Janne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimUnderstanding large‐scale spatial distribution patterns is not only a central goal of ecology but is also essential for conservation planning. Nevertheless, the biogeographical patterns of diversity and composition remain unclear for microorganisms and the role of various factors in structuring their assemblages is still poorly known. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community structure of ciliates are driven by both local environmental and regional dispersal‐related processes.LocationCoasts of China.TaxonBenthic ciliates.MethodsWe sampled ciliates at 30 sandy beaches covering a latitudinal range of over 2500 km from October to November 2020. We first used generalized linear models to examine the most important predictors of ciliate alpha diversity. Then, distance‐based linear models (DistLM) were used to identify the relative importance of local and regional variables in explaining community structure variability. We further used nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) to reveal patterns in community structure.ResultsWe found that local environmental factors including beach index (BI), salinity and mean particle size (MPS) were more important in shaping ciliate alpha diversity than latitude. However, the Shannon alpha diversity index decreased with latitude, perhaps due to anthropogenic disturbances. DistLM analysis emphasized regional processes in shaping community structure. Both NMDS and PERMANOVA supported a clear separation among the three clusters matching with the ecoregional delineations suggested for macroorganisms. We also note that community trait composition was partially explained by a local factor, i.e. the maximum spring tide range of beaches.Main conclusionsCiliate communities were driven by both local environmental and regional factors. We suggest that these biogeographic patterns may have stemmed from large‐scale environmental filtering related to the outflow of Yangtze River, rather than from dispersal limitation or historical events. The current study provides a new understanding of the biogeographic patterns and underlying mechanisms of marine microorganisms, thus helping improve their management and conservation in the face of future global change.
Commentary: A longitudinal exploration of the effects of the COVID‐19 lockdowns for adolescents both with and without neurodevelopmental disorders – a reflection on Houghton et al. (2022)
Authors: Field Charlotte 
Published: June 2022

The lockdowns during the COVID‐19 pandemic had and continue to have severe and wide‐ranging effects worldwide on mental health and loneliness. In this commentary, I summarise Houghton et al. (2022) who explored these effects longitudinally in adolescents in Western Australia, with and without a Neurodevelopmental Disorder (NDD), considering the strengths and weaknesses of the article and its importance to the field. Adolescents with NDD, who already had a high baseline rate of loneliness and mental health difficulties, did not find that this increased during COVID‐19 lockdowns. However, adolescents without NDD, who began with a much lower baseline rate, found that this was elevated. There was variability in terms of different types of NDD, with adolescents who had ADHD reporting some positive effects of the COVID‐19 lockdowns. These findings highlight the importance of support for adolescents both with NDD and those without as the world emerges out of the pandemic.
Haematology reference values for Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Michail George , Berillis Panagiotis , Nakas Christos , Henry Morgane , Mente Eleni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHaematological parameters are frequently used as physiological indicators in aquaculture studies. These parameters also have extended applications in clinical evaluation, diagnosis and prognosis in fish health status. However, no normal reference range of values has been demonstrated in depth for any of these haematological parameters for the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) or gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The main objective of this article is to present for the first time through extended literature review, the haematological parameters normal range values for the two most important aquaculture fish species farmed in Mediterranean Sea, D. labrax and S. aurata, and to demonstrate their similarities and their differences. In this article, we also discuss the environmental and external factors affecting their normal blood parameters values and we propose fundamental guidelines on the reporting units.
Patient‐derived cancer organoids for drug screening: Basic technology and clinical application
Authors: Ren Xiaoxue , Chen Weikang , Yang Qingxia , Li Xiaoxing , Xu Lixia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCancer organoids, a three‐dimensional (3D) culture system of cancer cells derived from tumor tissues, recapitulate physiological structure of the parental tumor. Different tumor organoids have been established for a variety of tumor types, such as colorectal, liver, stomach, pancreatic and brain tumors. Some tumor organoid biobanks are built to screen and discover novel antitumor drug targets. Moreover, patients‐derived tumor organoids (PDOs) could predict treatment response to chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy to provide guidance for personalized cancer therapy. In this review, we provide an updated overview of tumor organoid development, summarize general approach to establish tumor organoids, and discuss the application of anti‐cancer drug screening based on tumor organoid and its application in personalized therapy. We also outline the opportunities and challenges for organoids to guide precision medicine.
Current status and development potential of scalp healthcare in the COVID‐19 blue era: A critical review focused on Republic of Korea
Authors: Shin Eun Jung , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this paper was to review the literature focusing on the scalp health of the Korean people in the COVID‐19 blue era and the possibility of significant development as an academic.MethodsThis review paper is a literature review, and the method is a narrative review.ResultsIt was found that the higher the awareness of hair loss, the better the scalp and hair management behavior. South Korea needs to develop systematic customized management methods, scalp programs, and products due to the development of the COVID‐19 era and the development of the 4th industry.ConclusionSouth Korea still needs to improve the expertise of tricolologists and national social security insurance and research along with the growth of the beauty and healthcare service industry in the COVID‐19 blue era.
The Correlation of Surface Roughness Parameters of Zirconia and Lithium Disilicate with Steatite Wear
Authors: Krüger Stephan , Wille Sebastian , Kern Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeVarious surface roughness parameters are utilized to describe the surface in the tooth to ceramics abrasion and to assess the resulting wear. The use of three‐dimensional parameters may offer a better estimation for wear and an improved deduced clinical surface treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various surface roughness parameters of zirconia and lithium disilicate ceramics on the wear of steatite antagonists.Material and methodsForty zirconia specimens with a diameter of 7 mm and a thickness of 3 mm and 40 lithium disilicate specimens with the dimensions 10×10×4 mm were each divided into five subgroups. Two subgroups were treated with different clinically established diamond burs; a third subgroup was treated with a silicone polishing set. Two additional subgroups were produced by glazing the surfaces after treatment. Surface roughness parameters were determined by laser scanning microscopy. All specimens underwent 1.2 million loading cycles using steatite antagonists. After regular intervals of cycles, precision impressions were made to assess the wear. The correlation between wear and different roughness parameters was evaluated using the Spearman correlation test.ResultsFor the glazed zirconia, unglazed zirconia, and glazed lithium disilicate specimens no significant correlations (p > 0.05) between the investigated roughness parameters and antagonist wear could be found. In the unglazed lithium disilicate groups, significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlations with steatite substance loss could be found for several roughness parameters after 1.2 million cycles.ConclusionsFor lithium disilicate, it seems not sufficient to use only one roughness parameter to indicate the wear behavior of the surface. There was no correlation between wear and the tested roughness parameters of zirconia surfaces.
Prioritising long‐term outcomes for preterm babies: A survey of consumers and clinicians
Authors: Kuo Jex , Petrie Keith J , Alsweiler Jane M 
Published: June 2022

AimTo determine if consumers and clinicians believe intelligence or health outcomes are more important long‐term outcomes for babies born preterm.MethodsProspective, online survey of six outcomes ranked using a hierarchy ladder, Likert scale and a hypothetical scenario: education (complete secondary school); longevity (70 years of age or more); money (sufficient for rent and food); normal weight; good health and intelligence. Participants were clinicians taking care of preterm babies, parents of preterm babies, ex‐preterm adults and adult controls.ResultsThe survey was completed by 145 participants (35 controls, 36 clinicians, 39 parents and 35 ex‐preterm adults). Health was the most frequently top‐ranked variable on the hierarchy ladder (health; 99/145 (68.3%), money; 17/145 (11.7%), longevity; 10/145 (6.9%), education; 8/145 (5.5%), normal weight; 6/145 (4.1%), intelligence; 5/145 (3.4%), P < 0.0001), with no statistical difference between the groups. On a 5‐point Likert scale, participants were most likely to agree that sufficient money, health and finishing secondary school were important for preterm babies to have a good life (mean (SD): money 4.43 (0.81); health 4.39 (0.72); education 4.37 (0.81); normal weight 4.10 (0.81); intelligence 4.03 (0.94); longevity 4.01 (1.07), P < 0.0001). In the scenario, the option of an ex‐preterm adult having a healthy life with low socio‐economic status (SES), was preferred over high SES with an unhealthy life (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsHealth was perceived as the most important long‐term outcome for preterm babies. Future research should prioritise good health outcomes for babies born preterm.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carprofen in sheep
Authors: Coskun Devran , Corum Orhan , Durna Corum Duygu , Uney Kamil , Elmas Muammer 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of carprofen in sheep following single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations of a parenteral formulation at a dose of 4 mg/kg. A total of eight sheep were used for the investigation. The study comprised four periods, according to a crossover design with a 21‐day washout period between treatments. Plasma concentrations of carprofen were measured using HPLC‐UV. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non‐compartmental model analysis. Following IV administration, t1/2ʎz, ClT, and Vdss were 43.36 h, 1.98 ml/h/kg, and 121.36 ml/kg, respectively. The Cmax(obs) was 26.57 mg/ml for the IM, 23.76 mg/ml for the SC, and 15.90 mg/ml for the PO. The bioavailability following IM, SC, and PO administrations was 75.47%, 82.00%, and 62.51%, respectively. Plasma creatine kinase activity increased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h following IM administration of carprofen. Despite differences in plasma concentrations and bioavailability among administration routes, carprofen at 4 mg/kg dose may provide the plasma concentration (>1.5 μg/ml) needed for analgesic effect during 144 h in all routes. However, because of the slow absorption rate after SC and PO routes, the IV route may be preferred primarily for the rapid onset in the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effect of carprofen in sheep. Despite the favorable kinetics, the muscle damage caused by IM injection limits use of carprofen via IM route.
Effect of dietary levels of folic acid on growth performance, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: Hang Ying , Hua Xueming , Li Xiang , Yi Wanting , Cong Xiangming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo obtain the optimal requirement of dietary folic acid (FA) in feed of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, five experimental diets were prepared with 0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg of supplemental FA in the basal practical diet (measured FA value <0.18 mg/kg in the basal diet) and fed to juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of (14.49 ± 0.06) g for 7 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the experimental fish in each FA supplementation group were higher than those in the control group to varying degrees and reached maximum values at 1.5 mg/kg in the experimental group, which were significantly higher than those in the FA‐free group; the increase in the addition of FA to the diet significantly reduced the visceral to body ratio (visceral somatic index), liver to body ratio, and relative intestine weight. The addition of ≥0.5 mg/kg FA to the feed significantly increased the whole fish protein content. The hemoglobin content and hematocrit of whole blood cells were significantly increased in the fish group supplemented with 0.5–1.5 mg/kg FA, and the addition of 0.5 mg/kg FA significantly increased the number of red blood cells. Plasma total protein and albumin levels increased and then decreased with the addition of FA, reaching a maximum at 1.5 mg/kg, and differed significantly from the FA‐free group. The addition of 0.5 mg/kg and more of FA significantly decreased plasma alanine transaminase (GPT) activity and improved liver GPT activity, the addition of 0.5 mg/kg and more of FA significantly decreased serum malonaldehyde activity, 0.5 mg/kg of FA significantly increased total hepatic antioxidant capacity, 1.5 mg/kg of FA significantly increased hepatic catalase and head kidney lysozyme activity. The addition of 0.5 mg/kg and above of FA significantly reduced liver glycogen content. In conclusion, the addition of FA to the diet significantly improved the growth performance, hematopoiesis, metabolism of protein and carbohydrate, antioxidant capacity of the liver, and protected liver health of juvenile largemouth bass. Regression analysis based on growth performance showed that the optimal amount of FA in the feed of juvenile largemouth bass was 1.42–1.46 mg/kg.
High-yield production of acidic pectin lyase PNLZJ5B for juice processing
Authors: Liu C. , Qin X. , Liu B. , Xu X. , Deng A. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhang W. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A pectin lyase gene pnlzj5b from Aspergillus niger ZJ5 was identified and overexpressed successfully in Pichia pastoris. Recombinant PNLZJ5B exhibited high activity towards citrus pectin (150 U ml−1). Through further codon optimization, the expression efficiency of PNLZJ5B in P. pastoris increased to 3·5-fold (532/150 U ml−1). PNLZJ5B was purified by ultrafiltration, anion exchange and gel chromatography. It showed optimal activity and good stability at 58°C and pH 4·5. PNLZJ5B activity improved with increasing degrees of methyl esterification of pectin. The Km and Vmax values were 0·81 mg ml−1 and 372·8 μmol min−1 mg−1, respectively. In addition, PNLZJ5B effectively decreased the viscosity of apple juice. Compared with commercial pectin lyase, PNLZJ5B obtained a higher juice volume. These favourable enzymatic properties of PNLZJ5B show potential utility in juice-processing applications and other food-related fields.
Determining the noble gas cosmic ray exposure ages of 23 meteorites (8 chondrites and 15 achondrites) from modeling and empirical methods
Authors: Bekaert David V. , Curtice Joshua , Meier Matthias M. M. , Byrne David J. , Broadley Michael W. , Seltzer Alan , Barry Peter , Kurz Mark D. , Nielsen Sune G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present He‐Ne‐Ar isotope data for 23 meteorite samples mainly recovered in Antarctica (six ordinary chondrites [OC], two CV chondrites, eight eucrites, one diogenite, and six ureilites), which are used to compute radiogenic gas retention ages and cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages using both empirical and modeling approaches. For all samples where both 40K‐40Ar and U,Th‐4He retention ages could be derived, we find that U,Th‐4He ages are systematically lower than 40K‐40Ar ages, likely reflecting preferential diffusive loss of He relative to Ar. There is good agreement between empirically derived CRE ages calculated by (22Ne/21Ne)cos‐3Hecos and (22Ne/21Ne)cos‐21Necos approaches; where discrepancies occur, the (22Ne/21Ne)cos‐3Hecos approach systematically yields lower CRE ages, also likely due to 3He loss. Overall, CRE ages derived from the empirical and modeling approaches show excellent agreement, within ∼10%. CRE ages derived for OC (4–24 Myr), CV chondrites (12–26 Myr), eucrites (4–45 Myr), the diogenite (30 Myr), and ureilites (<10 Myr) are in line with previous investigations of these meteorite groups. Some ureilites and one eucrite exhibit remarkably high cosmogenic 22Ne/21Ne > 1.24, as previously observed in various other rare achondrites. These samples likely contain solar cosmic ray‐produced Ne (SCR‐Ne) in addition to the commonly found galactic cosmic ray‐produced Ne (GCR‐Ne), implying low pre‐atmospheric shielding and limited ablation upon atmospheric entry. The presence of SCR‐Ne complicates the determination of the pure GCR‐22Ne/21Ne, hampering its use as a shielding indicator. Nonetheless, we suggest that a first‐order correction for SCR‐Ne contribution can be used to derive a range of potential CRE ages for each sample.
Apocynin inhibits compressive force‐induced apoptosis and autophagy of periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Li Bin , Shi Yuchun , Fu Yanbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of Apocynin on compressive force‐induced apoptosis and autophagy in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).Materials and MethodsPeriodontal ligament stem cells were subjected to a uniform compressive force of 2.0 g/cm2 for 24 h, without and with addition of 50, 100 and 200 μM Apocynin. Beclin‐1 was overexpressed in PDLSCs. Flow cytometry was used to assess apoptosis and transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate ultrastructural features of PDLSCs. Immunofluorescence was used to assess the levels of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). The protein levels of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2), Bcl‐2 associated X (Bax), Caspase‐3, LC3, and Beclin were determined by Western blot analysis.ResultsCompressive force of PDLSCs significantly increased apoptosis, Bax, Caspase‐3, the number of autophagosome or autolysosomes, Beclin‐1, the ratio of LC3 II/LC3 I, and decreased Bcl‐2. Apocynin was shown to inhibit apoptosis and Beclin‐1‐mediated autophagy. Over‐expression of Beclin‐1 increased apoptosis and autophagy.ConclusionsApplication of Apocynin attenuated long‐term compressive force‐induced apoptosis by regulating Beclin‐1‐mediated autophagy in PDLSCs. These results provide an alternative approach to improve orthodontic treatment outcomes for patients.
What matters the most in curbing early COVID‐19 mortality? A cross‐country necessary condition analysis
Authors: Yan Bo , Liu Yao , Chen Bin , Zhang Xiaomin , Wu Long 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 represents a turbulent problem: a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous crisis, in which bounded‐rational policymakers may not be able to do everything right, but must do critical things right in order to reduce the death toll. This study conceptualizes these critical things as necessary conditions (NCs) that must be absent to prevent high early mortality from occurring. We articulate a policy‐institution‐demography framework that includes seven factors as NC candidates for high early COVID‐19 mortality. Using necessary condition analysis (NCA), this study pinpoints high levels of a delayed first response, political decentralization, elderly populations, and urbanization as four NCs that have inflicted high early COVID‐19 mortality across 110 countries. The results highlight the critical role of agility as a key dimension of robust governance solutions—a swift early public‐health response as a malleable policy action—in curbing early COVID‐19 deaths, particularly for politically decentralized and highly urbanized countries with aging populations.
The MITF regulatory network in melanoma
Authors: Chauhan Jagat S. , Hölzel Michael , Lambert Jean‐Philippe , Buffa Francesca M. , Goding Colin R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBidirectional interactions between plastic tumor cells and the microenvironment critically impact tumor evolution and metastatic dissemination by enabling cancer cells to adapt to microenvironmental stresses by switching phenotype. In melanoma, a key determinant of phenotypic identity is the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor MITF that promotes proliferation, suppresses senescence, and anticorrelates with immune infiltration and therapy resistance. What determines whether MITF can activate or repress genes associated with specific phenotypes, or how signaling regulating MITF might impact immune infiltration is poorly understood. Here, we find that MITF binding to genes associated with high MITF is via classical E/M‐box motifs, but genes downregulated when MITF is high contain FOS/JUN/AP1/ATF3 sites. Significantly, the repertoire of MITF‐interacting factors identified here includes JUN and ATF3 as well as many previously unidentified interactors. As high AP1 activity is a hallmark of MITFLow, invasive, slow‐cycling, therapy resistant cells, the ability of MITF to repress AP1‐regulated genes provides an insight into how MITF establishes and maintains a pro‐proliferative phenotype. Moreover, although β‐catenin has been linked to immune exclusion, many Hallmark β‐catenin signaling genes are associated with immune infiltration. Instead, low MITF together with Notch signaling is linked to immune infiltration in both mouse and human melanoma tumors.