bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winning during a pandemic: epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during EURO2020 in Italy
Authors: Riccardo Flavia , Frisicale Emanuela Maria , Guzzetta Giorgio , Ferraro Federica , Merler Stefano , Maringhini Guido , Spuri Matteo , Petrone Daniele , Rota Maria Cristina , Rapiti Alessia , Angeloni Ulrico , Rossi Pasqualino , Tallon Marco , Giannitelli Stefania , Pezzotti Patrizio , Del Manso Martina , Bella Antonino , Maraglino Francesco Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction
EURO2020 generated a growing media and population interest across the month period, that peaked with large spontaneous celebrations across the country upon winning the tournament.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed data from the national surveillance system (indicator-based) and from event-based surveillance to assess how the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) changed in June–July 2021 and to describe cases and clusters linked with EURO2020.

Results
Widespread increases in transmission and case numbers, mainly among younger males, were documented in Italy, none were linked with stadium attendance. Vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 was longer among cases linked to EURO2020 than among the general population.

Conclusions
Transmission increased across the country, mainly due to gatherings outside the stadium, where, conversely, strict infection control measures were enforced. These informal ‘side’ gatherings were dispersed across the entire country and difficult to control. Targeted communication and control strategies to limit the impact of informal gatherings occurring outside official sites of mass gathering events should be further developed.
HEALTH CARE IN THE MARKETPLACE: EXPLORING MAYA MEDICINAL PLANTS AND PRACTICES AT PIEDRAS NEGRAS, GUATEMALA
Authors: Watson Sarah E. , Schnell Joshua T. , Morell-Hart Shanti , Scherer Andrew K. , Dussol Lydie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBotanical residues recovered from excavations in the Southeast Marketplace of Piedras Negras provide information about the healing and medical activities of the site's Classic period (a.d. 350–900) inhabitants, and point towards the intersection between commerce and medicine for the ancient Maya. The plants were likely exchanged at the market then used on-site for the purposes of healing. The botanical remains are complemented by both architectural and bioarchaeological evidence for healing at this locus, including a high concentration of sweatbaths and evidence for palliative tooth extraction. With the aid of ethnohistory, we identify health care practices potentially associated with the plant remains. However, we expand on basic understandings of “healing” with a critical look at how some medicinal plants may have been ritually invoked, even when never directly ingested or applied topically.
Reflections on experiential training in meaning-centered psychotherapy: How MCP ended up facilitating professional wellbeing
Authors: Snyder Deborah J. , Mournet Annabelle M. , Pao Maryland 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveMeaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) principles may provide a framework for engaging healthcare professionals in meaning-centered exploration as a novel approach to prevent burnout and enhance wellbeing in healthcare professionals through heightening personal meaning. This case study aimed to teach MCP to masters-trained social workers for use with medical patients. While the primary aim was to teach MCP to masters-trained social workers, this proof-of-concept project and this paper focus on a secondary aim of enhancing meaning and connection in the virtual workplace.MethodsA group of social workers participated in a 7-session MCP pilot from October 13th to November 24th, 2020. After each session, participants were asked to complete an anonymous continuing education evaluation with questions regarding clarity, organization, and relevance of the presentation related to use with their patient populations. Additional open-ended items queried participants for general comments about their experience using MCP to enhance professional fulfillment during COVID-19.ResultsNine social workers participated in the MCP pilot. Several qualitative themes emerged, including enhanced meaning, communication, connection, and agency in the virtual workplace.Significance of the resultsThis pilot demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of using an adapted MCP instruction with hospital-based social workers during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate wellbeing. While MCP was originally created to intervene with patients with life-threatening illnesses, the brief, manualized experiential nature of the intervention lends itself to modification with staff for the purpose of enhancing meaning and community in their own lives.
A high gain antenna utilizing Mu-near-zero metasurface structures for 5G applications
Authors: Abdelaziem Islam H. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abdalla Mahmoud A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA high gain antenna with Mu-near-zero metasurface (MNZ-MS) is introduced in this work. The proposed antenna can be utilized for future 5G applications. The patch antenna is designed on the upper face of the square substrate with a ground plane at the bottom face. To improve the antenna gain, a layer of MNZ-MS unit cells is placed above the antenna substrate with 0.48λ0 air space between the two layers, where λ0 is the wavelength in free space at the resonance frequency of 26.3 GHz. The MNZ-MS layer consists of four double-sided split square resonators. The overall thickness of the proposed antenna is 0.66λ0. To approve the execution of the proposed antenna, a prototype model is manufactured and tested. The outcomes fulfill a reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB over the frequency spectrum of 26–28 GHz. A gain improvement better than 5 dB is obtained compared to the gain of the reference patch at the center frequency of 26.3 GHz.
Decomposing Driving Forces of Carbon Emission Variation—A Structural Decomposition Analysis of Japan
Authors: Li Yuan , Huang Liqiao , Bai Yangchun , Long Yin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough it has been emphasized for years, there remains insufficient knowledge on how to decompose the driving forces of carbon emissions that fluctuate with time, especially when considering the major natural or socio‐economic events. To bridge the knowledge gap, we use the structural decomposition analysis method and select Japan for a case study. The results show that such events were followed by temporary emission increases due to economic recovery, but the general decreasing trend of carbon emissions has been unchanged in a long run. In the case of Japan, during the financial crisis period (2005–2011), emissions increased due to production structure (136.2 Mt‐CO2) and consumption structure (61.8 Mt‐CO2). However, the intensity change and per capita consumption effect were the main driving forces that offset this increasing trend, which reduced by 209.7 Mt‐CO2 in total. After the 2011 earthquake, a significant gain in upgraded production structure led to a 78.2 Mt‐CO2 reduction until 2015, partially offset the 126.4 Mt‐CO2 increase caused by per capita consumption and export volume. In conclusion, although post‐event economic recovery has led to an increasing trend of carbon emissions, continuously optimized emission intensity and production structure are the major driving forces for repressing carbon emission rebound brought by unexpected events.
Increasing Daytime Stability Enhances Downslope Moisture Transport in the Subcanopy of an Even‐Aged Conifer Forest in Western Oregon, USA
Authors: Drake S. A. , Rupp D. E. , Thomas C. K. , Oldroyd H. J. , Schulze M. , Jones J. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMountain breezes, including katabatic and anabatic flows, and temperature inversions are common features of forested mountain landscapes. However, the effects of mountain breezes on moisture transport in forests and implications for regional climate change are not well understood. A detailed, instrumented study was conducted from July to September 2012 in an even‐aged conifer forest in the Oregon Cascade Range to investigate how temperature profiles within the forest canopy influenced atmospheric surface layer processes that ventilate the forest. Subcanopy inversion strength has a bimodal relationship to subcanopy wind speed and moisture flux from the forest. On days with relatively modest heating of the top of the canopy and weak subcanopy inversions, above canopy winds more efficiently mix subcanopy air, leading to greater than average vertical moisture flux and weaker than average along‐slope, subcanopy water vapor advection. On days with strong heating of the top of the canopy and a strong subcanopy inversion, vertical moisture flux is suppressed, and daytime downslope winds are stronger than average under the canopy. Increased downslope winds lead to increased downslope transport of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other scalars under the canopy. Increasing summer vapor pressure deficit in the Pacific Northwest will enhance both processes: vertical moisture transport by mountain breezes when subcanopy inversions are weak and downslope water vapor transport when subcanopy inversions are strong. These mountain breeze dynamics have implications for climate refugia in forested mountains, forest plantations, and other forested regions with a similar canopy structure and regional atmospheric forcings.
Establishment and Persistence of Trees Growing in the Channel of an Intermittent Stream in a Temperate, Karst Environment
Authors: Christensen Nicholas D. , Czuba Jonathan A. , Triantafillou Shayla , Copenheaver Carolyn A. , Peterson John A. , Hession W. Cully 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTrees, mostly sycamore (Platanus occidentalisL.), are growing in the channel of the lower 7 km of Sinking Creek in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. Sinking Creek is a gravel‐bedded stream that disappears into a subsurface cave network and for its lower 7 km, flows intermittently throughout the year, exposing a dry streambed. We hypothesize that there have been low‐flow periods in the past conducive to tree‐seedling establishment. We describe this system and test our hypothesis through an analysis of hydrologic, dendrochronological, and geomorphic data to better understand the conditions leading to tree establishment and persistence in the stream channel. To our knowledge, this is the first study on trees growing in the channel of an intermittent stream in a temperate environment. Most riparian vegetation studies along intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams focus on dryland areas, where trees have also been observed growing in the channel. Our results show that sycamores are the oldest trees in the channel, that they established during periods of low precipitation, and they are located at the upstream end of bars. In their wake, on bars, other younger trees have established. Analysis of tree roots suggest that scour of the base of some trees occurred during thalweg migration. Additionally, we present a conceptual model of the flow‐tree‐sediment dynamics occurring in Sinking Creek that can be further tested as part of future work. This work highlights the conditions for tree establishment in streams, which is an important threshold for any streams under projected future drying.
Revegetation Does Not Decrease Water Yield in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhang Baoqing , Tian Lei , Yang Yuting , He Xiaogang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVegetation restoration over degraded drylands has considerable climate, carbon and ecosystem benefits, yet its water impacts remain contentious. Previous studies suggest that extra vegetation in drylands could lead to decreased soil moisture and runoff caused by enhanced evapotranspiration. However, these studies ignore important vegetation‐climate feedbacks that can partially offset such negative consequences. Here, we examine how revegetation affects water budgets in China's Loess Plateau, where the world's largest revegetation occurs. Despite increased evapotranspiration, long‐term observations exhibit robust increasing trends (2.76 mm yr−2) of surface water yield over a large swath (82.3%) of the Plateau since revegetation starts. This is mainly caused by increased regional precipitation that outweighs increases in evapotranspiration. Numerical experiments further reveal that the increased precipitation is largely driven by revegetation‐induced enhancement in land‐atmosphere interactions that greatly accelerate local moisture recycling. Our findings highlight the importance of considering vegetation‐climate feedbacks in assessing hydrological responses to large‐scale vegetation changes.
Multiple Mantle Sources of High‐Magnesium Terranes on Mercury
Authors: Wang Yichen , Xiao Zhiyong , Xu Rui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe composition and interior structure of Mercury's mantle are poorly known but critical to understanding its magma ocean differentiation, mantle dynamics, and crustal petrogenesis. Various crustal geochemical terranes are identified on Mercury based on their Mg/Si and Al/Si values, but element abundances exhibit a weak correlation with surface reflectances. The high‐magnesium region (HMR), which includes end‐members for both reflectance spectral units (high‐reflectance plains and low‐reflectance materials (HRP and LRM)) and geochemical terranes (Mg and Al contents), contains important information about Mercury's mantle composition and dynamics. We propose that the northwestern boundary of HMR can be extended to the Sobkou basin and its ejecta deposits. Within the resolution limit of element maps, we notice that mantle materials beneath the Sobkou basin have an elevated content of magnesium, and a large area of HRP‐like materials in HMR exhibit Mg/Si greater than 0.5. Our results suggest that HMR was formed by partial melting of heterogeneous mantle sources in terms of compositions, supporting the existence of stratified and/or lateral geochemical diversities in the mantle. While typical HRP on Mercury, including the Borealis Planitia and Caloris interior plains formed by effusive volcanism around 3.7 Ga, exhibit a lower Mg/Si than the global average, the Rachmaninoff interior plains emplaced by volcanism at 1.7 Ga exhibit a Mg/Si greater than 0.5. This observation indicates that local thermal anomalies may be prolonged in the mantle, inducing a higher degree of partial melting. We also report a weak correlation between the global LRM and magnesium content in the crust.
Professionalism in the dental practice: perspectives from members of the public, dentists and dental care professionals
Authors: Cserző Dorottya , Bullock Alison , Cowpe Jonathan , Bartlett Sophie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroduction This paper examines views on professionalism in the dental practice workplace through a thematic analysis of data from eight focus groups.Methods Focus groups were conducted with 19 dentists, 13 dental care professionals and 19 members of the public in England and Wales. The research was part of a larger mixed-methods study of professionalism in dentistry commissioned by the General Dental Council.Results The four most prominent themes in the focus group data were: communication, the cost of treatment, the role of the dental team and consequences of professionalism concerns. Participants agreed that these are fundamental professionalism issues, although there was some difference of opinion about addressing them. There was disagreement about the responsibilities of different members of the dental team in maintaining professionalism.Conclusion We conclude that communication skills training should be a central part of the professionalism at all levels of training. Education about team working could foster a more collaborative approach to professionalism across the dental team and support good, patient-centred oral healthcare. Support and guidance are required to help professionals reflect and learn from mistakes.
Protective autophagy decreases lorlatinib cytotoxicity through Foxo3a-dependent inhibition of apoptosis in NSCLC
Authors: Lu Conghua , Yu Rui , Zhang Chong , Lin Caiyu , Dou Yuanyao , Wu Di , Pan Yonghong , Peng Tao , Tang Huan , Han Rui , He Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLorlatinib is a promising third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has been approved for treating ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with previous ALK-TKI treatment failures. However, the inevitable emergence of acquired resistance limits its long-term efficacy. A more comprehensive understanding of the acquired resistance mechanisms to lorlatinib will enable the development of more efficacious therapeutic strategies. The efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) in combination with lorlatinib in ALK-positive NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo was assessed using CCK-8, colony formation, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, western blot analysis, and xenograft implantation. Here, we show that lorlatinib induced apoptosis and protective autophagy in ALK-positive NSCLC cells. However, the protective autophagy can gradually lead to decreased cytotoxicity of loratinib in ALK-positive NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, we found that the combination of lorlatinib and CQ, an inhibitor of autophagy, inhibited autophagy and promoted apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, which sensitized cells to lorlatinib through the dephosphorylation of Foxo3a and promoted nuclear translocation, then activation of Foxo3a/Bim axis. Taken together, our results suggest that inhibition of protective autophagy might be a therapeutic target for delaying the occurrence of acquired resistance to lorlatinib in ALK-positive NSCLC patients.
Simulating a chemically fueled molecular motor with nonequilibrium molecular dynamics
Authors: Albaugh Alex , Gingrich Todd R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost computer simulations of molecular dynamics take place under equilibrium conditions—in a closed, isolated system, or perhaps one held at constant temperature or pressure. Sometimes, extra tensions, shears, or temperature gradients are introduced to those simulations to probe one type of nonequilibrium response to external forces. Catalysts and molecular motors, however, function based on the nonequilibrium dynamics induced by a chemical reaction’s thermodynamic driving force. In this scenario, simulations require chemostats capable of preserving the chemical concentrations of the nonequilibrium steady state. We develop such a dynamic scheme and use it to observe cycles of a particle-based classical model of a catenane-like molecular motor. Molecular motors are frequently modeled with detailed-balance-breaking Markov models, and we explicitly construct such a picture by coarse graining the microscopic dynamics of our simulations in order to extract rates. This work identifies inter-particle interactions that tune those rates to create a functional motor, thereby yielding a computational playground to investigate the interplay between directional bias, current generation, and coupling strength in molecular information ratchets.
Generic self-stabilization mechanism for biomolecular adhesions under load
Authors: Braeutigam Andrea , Simsek Ahmet Nihat , Gompper Gerhard , Sabass Benedikt 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMechanical loading generally weakens adhesive structures and eventually leads to their rupture. However, biological systems can adapt to loads by strengthening adhesions, which is essential for maintaining the integrity of tissue and whole organisms. Inspired by cellular focal adhesions, we suggest here a generic, molecular mechanism that allows adhesion systems to harness applied loads for self-stabilization through adhesion growth. The mechanism is based on conformation changes of adhesion molecules that are dynamically exchanged with a reservoir. Tangential loading drives the occupation of some states out of equilibrium, which, for thermodynamic reasons, leads to association of further molecules with the cluster. Self-stabilization robustly increases adhesion lifetimes in broad parameter ranges. Unlike for catch-bonds, bond rupture rates can increase monotonically with force. The self-stabilization principle can be realized in many ways in complex adhesion-state networks; we show how it naturally occurs in cellular adhesions involving the adaptor proteins talin and vinculin.
CinA mediates multidrug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kreutzfeldt Kaj M. , Jansen Robert S. , Hartman Travis E. , Gouzy Alexandre , Wang Ruojun , Krieger Inna V. , Zimmerman Matthew D. , Gengenbacher Martin , Sarathy Jansy P. , Xie Min , Dartois Véronique , Sacchettini James C. , Rhee Kyu Y. , Schnappinger Dirk , Ehrt Sabine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to resist and tolerate antibiotics complicates the development of improved tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapies. Here we define the Mtb protein CinA as a major determinant of drug tolerance and as a potential target to shorten TB chemotherapy. By reducing the fraction of drug-tolerant persisters, genetic inactivation of cinA accelerated killing of Mtb by four antibiotics in clinical use: isoniazid, ethionamide, delamanid and pretomanid. Mtb ΔcinA was killed rapidly in conditions known to impede the efficacy of isoniazid, such as during nutrient starvation, during persistence in a caseum mimetic, in activated macrophages and during chronic mouse infection. Deletion of CinA also increased in vivo killing of Mtb by BPaL, a combination of pretomanid, bedaquiline and linezolid that is used to treat highly drug-resistant TB. Genetic and drug metabolism studies suggest that CinA mediates drug tolerance via cleavage of NAD-drug adducts.
Comparing COVID-19-related hospitalization rates among individuals with infection-induced and vaccine-induced immunity in Israel
Authors: Waxman Jacob G. , Makov-Assif Maya , Reis Ben Y. , Netzer Doron , Balicer Ran D. , Dagan Noa , Barda Noam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing, accurate assessment of population immunity and the effectiveness of booster and enhancer vaccine doses is critical. We compare COVID-19-related hospitalization incidence rates in 2,412,755 individuals across four exposure levels: non-recent vaccine immunity (two BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine doses five or more months prior), boosted vaccine immunity (three BNT162b2 doses), infection-induced immunity (previous COVID-19 without a subsequent BNT162b2 dose), and enhanced infection-induced immunity (previous COVID-19 with a subsequent BNT162b2 dose). Rates, adjusted for potential demographic, clinical and health-seeking-behavior confounders, were assessed from July-November 2021 when the Delta variant was predominant. Compared with non-recent vaccine immunity, COVID-19-related hospitalization incidence rates were reduced by 89% (87–91%) for boosted vaccine immunity, 66% (50–77%) for infection-induced immunity and 75% (61–83%) for enhanced infection-induced immunity. We demonstrate that infection-induced immunity (enhanced or not) provides more protection against COVID-19-related hospitalization than non-recent vaccine immunity, but less protection than booster vaccination. Additionally, our results suggest that vaccinating individuals with infection-induced immunity further enhances their protection.