bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting global variations in the toll of COVID-19: The case for context and nuance in hypothesis generation and testing
Authors: Stein Roger M. , Katz David L. 
Published: October 2022

Key pointsAs of January 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic was on-going, affecting populations worldwide. The potential risks of the Omicron variant (and future variants) still remain an area of active investigation. Thus, the ultimate human toll of SARS-CoV-2, and, by extension, the variations in that toll among diverse populations, remain unresolved. Nonetheless, an extensive literature on causal factors in the observed patterns of COVID-19 morbidity and cause-specific mortality has emerged—particularly at the aggregate level of analysis. This article explores potential pitfalls in the attribution of COVID outcomes to specific factors in isolation by examining a diverse set of potential factors and their interactions.MethodsWe sourced published data to establish a global database of COVID-19 outcomes for 68 countries and augmented these with an array of potential explanatory covariates from a diverse set of sources. We sought population-level aggregate factors from both health- and (traditionally) non-health domains, including: (a) Population biomarkers (b) Demographics and infrastructure (c) Socioeconomics (d) Policy responses at the country-level. We analyzed these data using (OLS) regression and more flexible non-parametric methods such as recursive partitioning, that are useful in examining both potential joint factor contributions to variations in pandemic outcomes, and the identification of possible interactions among covariates across these domains.ResultsUsing the national obesity rates of 68 countries as an illustrative predictor covariate of COVID-19 outcomes, we observed marked inconsistencies in apparent outcomes by population. Importantly, we also documented important variations in outcomes, based on interactions of health factors with covariates in other domains that are traditionally not related to biomarkers. Finally, our results suggest that single-factor explanations of population-level COVID-19 outcomes (e.g., obesity vs. cause-specific mortality) appear to be confounded substantially by other factors.Conclusions/implicationsOur methods and findings suggest that a full understanding of the toll of the COVID-19 pandemic, as would be central to preparing for similar future events, requires analysis within and among diverse variable domains, and within and among diverse populations. While this may seem apparent, the bulk of the recent literature on the pandemic has focused on one or a few of these drivers in isolation. Hypothesis generation and testing related to pandemic outcomes will benefit from accommodating the nuance of covariate interactions, in an epidemiologic context. Finally, our results add to the literature on the ecological fallacy: the attempt to infer individual drivers and outcomes from the study of population-level aggregates.
Workplace violence against Chinese health professionals 2013–2021: A study of national criminal judgment documents
Authors: Xiao Yu , Chen Ting-ting , Zhu Shao-yi , Zong Ling , Du Na , Li Chun-ya , Cheng Hao-fei , Zhou Qi , Luo Li-shi , Jia Juan 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesPatient-initiated hospital violence is a global problem which threatens the safety of health professionals and is indicative of doctor-patient tensions, impeding health system quality and access. The current study aimed to improve the understanding of medical workplace violence (WPV) in China, using authoritative and nationally representative judgment records, and to approach violence prevention strategies.MethodsAll litigation records relating to violence against health professionals between 2013 and 2021 were extracted from the China Judgment Online System. Basic case information, victim characteristics, perpetrator characteristics and the nature of the violence were collated. The relationship between different treatment outcomes and violence was also explored.ResultsNumbers of cases of hospital violence gradually increased from 2013 to a peak in 2016 before gradually decreasing in the following years. The most common perpetrators were patients' relatives (58.2%), followed by patients themselves (38.2%). Only 9 perpetrators had a confirmed history of mental illness and only two were intoxicated with alcohol. More than half of the cases (52.5%) occurred in rural areas and this percentage is even greater for primary health care institutions (71.4%) and secondary hospitals (73.5%). On a departmental level, the highest incidence of medical WPV was found in the emergency (18.9%), pediatrics (13.2%) and obstetrics (11.5%) departments. Violent behaviors, such as stalking, mass occupation of the ward and sharp instrument injury were significantly related to cases not involving patient death (p &lt; 0.05). Disruptive behavior, such as hanging banners, blocking hospital passages, placing flower wreaths and burning paper money were significantly correlated with cases involving patient death (p &lt; 0.01). The interval between a patient's death and the ensuing violence was short, happening on the same day in 54.8% of cases.ConclusionsA comprehensive overview of medical WPV in China is presented and may have utility for the formulation of prevention strategies.
The comparative short-term efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon vs. drug-eluting stent for treating small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients
Authors: Li Kui , Cui Kaijun , Dan Xuechuan , Feng Jian , Pu Xiaobo 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis meta-analysis aimed to explore the comparative short-term efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) vs. drug-eluting stent (DES) for treating small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledgement Infrastructure (CNKI) for retrieving relevant studies regarding the comparison of DCB with DES in treating small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients until May 31, 2022. Two independent authors screened study, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Then, the meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software, version 5.4.ResultsWe included 6 studies with 847 patients in this meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that DCB was associated with fewer major adverse cardiac events (MACE) [RR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39–0.93; p = 0.02], myocardial infarction (MI) (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19–0.94; p = 0.03), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08–0.69; p &lt; 0.001), target vessel revascularization (TVR) (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18–0.63; p &lt; 0.001), binary restenosis (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11–0.68; p = 0.005), and late lumen loss (LLL) [mean difference (MD), −0.31; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.27; p &lt; 0.001], but was comparable technique success rate, death, minimal lumen diameter (MLD), and net lumen gain (NLG) to DES. There was no difference in long-term outcomes between these two techniques.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis shows that DCB is better than DES in the short-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients. However, more studies are required to validate our findings and investigate the long-term effects and safety of DCB.
Risk factors for alcohol use among adolescents: The context of township high schools in Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Mmereki Bonolo , Mathibe Mmampedi , Cele Lindiwe , Modjadji Perpetua 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundRisk factors for alcohol use originate from many interconnected factors to an interplay of social and physical environments. However, there is a scarcity of data on the contextual risk factors of alcohol use among the adolescents regarding high schools located in townships in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for alcohol use among adolescents attending selected township high schools in Tshwane, South Africa.MethodA validated researcher-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the demographics, as well as current alcohol use, types, quantity, and frequency among adolescents (n= 403) in the three high schools. Data were analyzed using STATA 17.ResultsThe response rate was 97%, with the mean age of 16 ± 2 years for the adolescents. Forty-eight % (48%) of the adolescents reported current alcohol use, which was associated with sex, age, number of children, school grade, repeated grade, spare time job and types, having a pocket money to school, child social grant, transport mode to school, and smoking. The odds of current alcohol use were higher for adolescents in grade 10 [AOR = 6.71; 95% CI: 3.16–14.24], grade 11 [AOR = 4.45; 95% CI: 2.21], grade 12 [AOR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.47–6.31], repeating a grade [AOR =2 .20; 95% CI: 1.32–3.67), and working during a spare time [AOR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.33–6.37]. Both sexes had higher odds of alcohol use in the ages of 15–17 and 18–21 years, than adolescents aged 13–14 years.ConclusionKey risk factors for alcohol use among learners were sex, age, school grade, repeated grade, and working during a spare time. More evidence-based interventions that would have a greater impact in addressing alcohol use among adolescents, such as focusing on availability, marketing, and taxation of alcoholic beverages, are necessary.
Physicochemical characterization of microwave-stabilized rice bran oil from Ethiopian small-scale rice-processing plants
Authors: Bultum Lemessa Etana , Emire Shimelis Admasu , Tufa Lemma Teshome 
Published: October 2022

Rice bran is one of the main byproducts of rice-processing industries, making approximately 10% of the total mass of rice kernels. It is rich in bioactive phytochemicals, which have several health benefits. Among others, rice bran contains 10%–23% oil, constituting the major bioactive elements of the bran. The aim of this work is therefore to evaluate rice bran oil obtained from Ethiopian small-scale rice-milling plants for suitability of human consumption. The rice bran was stabilized using microwave heating to inactivate endogenous lipase enzymes that would otherwise cause rancidity of the oil and render it inedible. The oil was then extracted and evaluated for its physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and antioxidant activity using standard methods. The result of the work confirmed that the rice bran oil from Ethiopian rice-milling plants has physicochemical characteristics that satisfy the acceptable threshold values set by various organizations. Interestingly, the oil contained a substantial fatty acid profile (high amount of unsaturated fatty acids) and a high content of unsaponifiable matter which contributes to the claimed health benefits of the oil. In addition, it exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (95.319%) at a concentration of 18 mg/ml, which also essentially contributes to its health benefits. Proper integration of rice milling with byproduct utilization such as rice bran oil production will contribute to the efforts to alleviate the oil scarcity in the country.
Percutaneous vertebral-disc plasty for thoracolumbar very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Jiang Jiawei , Zhang Jinlong , Bao Guofeng , Chen Jiajia , Wu Chunshuai , Hong Hongxiang , Xue Pengfei , Xu Guanhua , Cui Zhiming 
Published: October 2022

PurposeTo compare the clinical outcomes and radiological parameters of patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) versus those undergoing percutaneous vertebral-disc plasty (PVDP) for back pain, segmental instability, and kyphosis due to thoracolumbar very severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (vsOVCFs).MethodsThis prospective randomized controlled study included elderly patients with thoracolumbar vsOVCFs. All the patients were randomly allocated into the PVP group (who underwent conventional PVP) and the PVDP group (who underwent PVP combined percutaneous cement discoplasty). The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), local kyphosis angle, and disc height were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsSignificant postoperative improvements in the VAS, ODI, and the local kyphosis angle (LKA) were shown, compared with the preoperative values in both groups (p &lt; 0.05). The average VAS, ODI, and LKA for patients in the PVP group were increased compared to those in the PVDP group observed at the last follow-up (p &lt; 0.05). The DHA, DHP, and LKA were seen to be maintained in the PVDP group at the last follow-up (p &gt; 0.05). The change was significantly lower in the PVDP group at the last follow-up in those parameters (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionPVDP may be a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of very severe OVCFs, that can restore intervertebral height, provide segmental stabilizing and relieve back pain in the short term.
Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence Properties of BaBiO2Cl:Yb3+,Er3+ Phosphor
Authors: Zhang Zhuanzhuan , Liang Yanjie 
Published: October 2022

The interaction of near-infrared (NIR) light with matter that produces high-energy visible light emissions is known as photon upconversion, which has shown promising applications in different fields, including optoelectronics, biomedicine and photovoltaics. In this paper, a novel BaBiO2Cl:Yb3+,Er3+ upconversion phosphor was successfully synthesized through a simple high-temperature solid-state reaction route. The crystal structure, phase purity, microstructure and upconversion luminescence properties of the as-prepared phosphor were characterized comprehensively. The XRD and SEM results clearly demonstrate the successful synthesis of the target phosphors with high purity. When excited by a 980 nm NIR laser, the as-prepared BaBiO2Cl:Yb3+,Er3+ phosphor exhibited intense red upconversion luminescence due to the Er3+ 4F9/2→4I15/2 transition, which enabled this phosphor to have high promise for important applications, such as anti-counterfeiting and advanced photonics.
Comparative Genomic and Expression Analysis Insight into Evolutionary Characteristics of PEBP Genes in Cultivated Peanuts and Their Roles in Floral Induction
Authors: Zhong Chao , Li Zhao , Cheng Yunlian , Zhang Haina , Liu Yu , Wang Xiaoguang , Jiang Chunji , Zhao Xinhua , Zhao Shuli , Wang Jing , Zhang He , Liu Xibo , Yu Haiqiu 
Published: October 2022

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are involved in regulating flowering time and various developmental processes. Functions and expression patterns in cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) remain unknown. In this study, 33 PEBP genes in cultivated peanuts were identified and divided into four subgroups: FT, TFL, MFT and FT-like. Gene structure analysis showed that orthologs from A and B genomes in cultivated peanuts had highly similar structures, but some orthologous genes have subgenomic dominance. Gene collinearity and phylogenetic analysis explain that some PEBP genes play key roles in evolution. Cis-element analysis revealed that PEBP genes are mainly regulated by hormones, light signals and stress-related pathways. Multiple PEPB genes had different expression patterns between early and late-flowering genotypes. Further detection of its response to temperature and photoperiod revealed that PEBPs ArahyM2THPA, ArahyEM6VH3, Arahy4GAQ4U, ArahyIZ8FG5, ArahyG6F3P2, ArahyLUT2QN, ArahyDYRS20 and ArahyBBG51B were the key genes controlling the flowering response to different flowering time genotypes, photoperiods and temperature. This study laid the foundation for the functional study of the PEBP gene in cultivated peanuts and the adaptation of peanuts to different environments.
The Cleveland Clinic Kidney Biopsy Epidemiological Project
Authors: Bobart Shane A. , Portalatin Gilda , Sawaf Hanny , Shettigar Shruti , Carrion-Rodriguez Astrid , Liang Hong , Herlitz Leal , Gebreselassie Surafel K. 
Published: October 2022

Key Points

Kidney biopsy registries in the United States are lacking.We provide a multicenter, multistate kidney biopsy database in the United States and identified demographic and clinical trends.Our study catalogs the spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney disease across the Cleveland Clinic enterprise andhighlights the need for a standardized national kidney biopsy registry to bolster glomerular and kidney disease research in the United States.

Background
The kidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing glomerular diseases. Large-scale, epidemiologic studies describing the prevalence of kidney diseases are lacking, especially in the United States. We aimed to determine the spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney disease across the Cleveland Clinic enterprise.

Methods
We identified all patients with a native kidney biopsy performed or reviewed at the Cleveland Clinic from January 2015 to September 2021. Retrospective chart review was performed to obtain clinical and demographic characteristics. Results were stratified by age, sex, race, and location to determine epidemiologic trends.

Results
Of >9600 patients, we excluded transplant and donor biopsies and unavailable records, and included 4128 patients with native kidney biopsy data. The median age was 60 years, with 46% female patients. Self-reported racial demographics included 73% White, 22% Black, 3% multiracial, and 2% Asian background, with 5% Hispanic. Common diagnoses were: FSGS (n=633, 15%), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (n=602, 15%), IgA nephropathy (n=319, 8%), lupus nephritis (LN) (n=289, 7%), pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (n=275, 7%), membranous nephropathy (n=211, 5%), and amyloidosis (n=110, 3%). There were 3322 patients in Ohio, with 361 patients in Florida. Using multivariate analysis, those aged >70 years were more likely to have FSGS, whereas those <45 years were more likely to have IgA nephropathy or LN. Males were more likely to have FSGS or IgAN, and less likely to have LN. Black patients were more likely to have FSGS, DKD, or LN. Hispanic patients were more likely to have DKD. Finally, patients in Florida were more likely to have LN. There was no change in the disease spectrum before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Our study catalogs the spectrum of biopsy-proven kidney disease across the Cleveland Clinic enterprise. This lays the foundation for glomerular disease clinical trials, and highlights the need for a standardized national kidney biopsy registry to bolster glomerular and kidney disease research in the United States.
Indicações e testes diagnósticos para infecção por Helicobacter Pylori em adultos
Authors: Gonçalves Fernanda Ribeiro , Souza Victoria Rachel de Oliveira e , Serpa Deborah Julianne Lescano , Maluf Yasmim Soares Manjud , Costa Aline Cristina Teixeira , Frazão Victor Cabreira 
Published: October 2022

Na prática da clinica médica é muito comum ver o diagnóstico de H. Pylori, entretanto, muitas vezes testes mais invasivos são adotados sem necessidade. Dessa forma esse artigo, aborda as indicações para diagnóstico com base em evidencias. O teste para Helicobacter pylori deve ser realizado somente se o médico planeja oferecer tratamento para resultados positivos. A escolha do teste usado para diagnosticar o H. pylori depende se o paciente requer uma endoscopia digestiva alta para avaliação dos sintomas ou vigilância. A endoscopia não é indicada apenas com o propósito de estabelecer o status de H. pylori . Em pacientes que não necessitam de avaliação endoscópica, o diagnóstico inicial de H. pylori deve ser feito com um teste para infecção ativa (antígeno fecal ou teste respiratório com uréia). O teste respiratório de uréia e o teste de antígeno fecal têm alta sensibilidade e especificidade para identificar infecção ativa por H. pylori .
O manejo dos sangramentos uterinos anormais em pacientes em idade reprodutiva
Authors: Marcos Cinthia Rafaela Santos Assis , Botelho Lara Gomes , Ribeiro João Luiz Calvi , Pereira Cintia Caus , Bandeira Lorena de Souza , Pereira Felipe Lentz , Souza Paloma Vieira de , Brito Emanuella Boa Morte , Nakamura Karen Lissa , Serfiotis Amanda de Oliveira Barreto 
Published: October 2022

O sangramento uterino anormal refere ao sangramento uterino de quantidade, duração ou cronograma anormal, pode ser causado por patologia estrutural uterina ou causas não uterinas. As definições padrão de sangramento menstrual normal e anormal são devido às anormalidades na frequência, tais como sangramento menstrual frequente refere-se a períodos que começam em intervalos <24 dias, sangramento menstrual infrequente refere-se a períodos que começam em intervalos >38 dias, ausência de menstruação é amenorreia primária (ausência de menarca aos 15 anos) ou secundária (ausência de sangramento menstrual espontâneo por seis meses em uma paciente que teve sangramento menstrual anteriormente). As pacientes com sangramento uterino anormal devem ter história e exame físico completos, informações sobre a frequência, duração e volume do sangramento uterino, bem como a presença de sintomas associados e fatores precipitantes. A gravidez deve ser excluída em todas as pacientes. As pacientes com sangramento menstrual intenso geralmente são submetidas a exames de imagem pélvica para avaliar lesões estruturais, um hemograma completo e medição do nível de ferritina. Os laboratórios adicionais são solicitados se houver suspeita de um distúrbio hemorrágico, como doença de von Willebrand ou endócrino, como hipotireoidismo. A amostragem endometrial é realizada para pacientes com obesidade ou outros fatores de risco para hiperplasia ou carcinoma endometrial.
Educação em enfermagem e pandemia: um olhar retrospectivo
Authors: Pereira Maria Cristina Queiroz Vaz , Rodrigues David Manuel Fonseca 
Published: October 2022

Enquadramento: A pandemia constituiu-se como um desafio mundial para a educação em enfermagem. Objetivo: mapear a produção científica na área da educação em enfermagem durante a situação pandémica por COVID-19. Metodologia: Revisão scoping. Pesquisa efetuada em março de 2022 nas bases de dados Cinahl e Medline. A estratégia de pesquisa foi: “Education AND Nursing AND Pandemic”. Resultados: foram identificados 32 artigos, a maioria publicados no ano de 2021 e o país onde se desenvolveram mais estudos foi no EUA. Identificaram-se três categorias: e-learning, inovação e dimensão socio-emocional. As dificuldades relativas ao ensino à distância foram significativas criando desigualdades de acesso. Conclusão: A pandemia implicou mudanças na educação em enfermagem como forma de dar resposta ao cumprimento do isolamento profilático e à interrupção abrupta dos estágios. No global nem docentes nem estudantes estavam preparados, a adaptação às novas tecnologias e a pedagogias interativas nem sempre correu favoravelmente. A saúde mental sofreu perturbações em alguns casos com aumento da ansiedade, medo e stress. A imagem social da enfermagem saiu fortalecida no pós-pandemia.