bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You cannot fight the pressure: Structural rearrangements of active pharmaceutical ingredients under magic angle spinning
Authors: Scheidel Sebastian , Östreicher Laurina , Mark Isabelle , Pöppler Ann‐Christin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a versatile analytical tool to study polymorphs and phase transitions of pharmaceutical molecules and products, this work summarizes examples of spontaneous and unexpected (and unwanted) structural rearrangements and phase transitions (amorphous‐to‐crystalline and crystalline‐to‐crystalline) under magic angle spinning (MAS) conditions, some of them clearly being due to the pressure experienced by the samples. It is widely known that such changes can often be detected by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD); here, the capability of solid‐state NMR experiments with a special focus on 1H‐13C frequency‐switched Lee–Goldburg heteronuclear correlation (FSLG HETCOR)/MAS NMR experiments to detect even subtle changes on a molecular level not observable by conventional 1D NMR experiments or XRPD is presented. Furthermore, it is shown that a polymorphic impurity combined with MAS can induce a crystalline‐to‐crystalline phase transition. This showcases that solid‐state NMR is not always noninvasive and such changes upon MAS should be considered in particular when compounds are studied over longer time spans.
No gain without pain education: Improving knowledge and biopsychosocial attitudes and beliefs in a predominantly non‐health‐related undergraduate target audience
Authors: Fitzgerald Kylie , Vaughan Brett , Devonshire Elizabeth , Schneider Carl , Denham Rebecca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesChronic pain (CP) impacts individuals and society and is the leading cause of disability globally. Pain education interventions are often evaluated in patients and health professional students, but not in non‐health student groups. Increasing knowledge of pain may facilitate shifts in attitudes and beliefs towards sufferers. We report on changes in pain knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of predominantly non‐health‐related tertiary degree students participating in online education.MethodsQuantitative cohort study design. Students reported demographics and completed the Chronic Pain Myth Scale and 12‐item Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) before (T1) and after (T2) the 7‐week online module at The University of Sydney in 2020.ResultsTwenty‐two students undertaking predominantly non‐health‐related bachelor's degrees (16.5% response rate, 90.9% female, mean = 19.5 years) participated. NPQ scores increased from 47.3% to 62.9%. Attitudes and beliefs towards biopsychosocial impact improved (p < 0.027) but not towards individuals suffering from CP or treatment of CP. A negative correlation was found between age and people suffering from CP (ρ = −0.437, p < 0.042) and age and towards treatment of CP; ρ = −0.556, p < 0.007) at T2.ConclusionCompleting the elective online module resulted in improved knowledge and biopsychosocial attitudes towards CP in this predominantly non‐health cohort, as reported in health and patient cohorts.
Does Moon Phase Affect Indices of Kokanee Size and Abundance as Characterized by Gill-Net Catch?
Authors: Branigan Philip R. , Washburne Emily F. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many pelagic fish species such as kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka undertake diel vertical migration in response to dynamic interactions between ambient light, foraging opportunity, and predation risk. Consequently, kokanee populations are almost universally sampled during the dark phase of the moon (i.e., the new moon), presumably to optimize capture efficiency. However, it is unclear if this sampling precaution is necessary to avoid bias in kokanee catch data related to the moon phase. We used experimental gill nets to sample kokanee populations in two thermally stratified reservoirs during three distinct moon phases (i.e., new, first quarter, and full) to understand the relative effects of moon phase and other ambient light variables on total catch and average size of captured kokanee. The total catch of kokanee differed significantly between populations but was not significantly affected by moon phase, secchi depth, or net depth. The average size of kokanee sampled from both populations increased significantly with moon illuminance and likely reflects behavior associated with predator–prey dynamics. Results from this case study suggest that the effect of moon phase and other ambient light variables on gill-net catch composition of kokanee is likely population-specific and is governed in part by population parameters such as abundance, growth rate, and size-structure. As such, investigators should be cognizant of—or perhaps standardize gill-net samples to—ambient light variables when indexing populations of kokanee and other pelagic fishes that undertake diel vertical migrations, especially when size indices are examined.
A novel antisymmetric 16‐element transceiver dipole antenna array for parallel transmit cardiac MRI in pigs at 7 T
Authors: Elabyad Ibrahim A. , Terekhov Maxim , Lohr David , Bille Maya , Hock Michael , Schreiber Laura M. 
Published: March 2022

To improve parallel transmit (pTx) and receive performance for cardiac MRI (cMRI) in pigs at 7 T, a dedicated transmit/receive (Tx/Rx), 16‐element antisymmetric dipole antenna array, which combines L‐shaped and straight dipoles, was designed, implemented, and evaluated in both cadavers and animals in vivo. Electromagnetic‐field simulations were performed with the new 16‐element dipole antenna array loaded with a pig thorax‐shaped phantom and compared with an eight‐element array of straight dipoles. The new dipole array was interfaced to a 7 T scanner in pTx mode (8Tx/16Rx). Imaging performance of the novel array was validated through MRI measurements in a pig phantom, an 85 kg pig cadaver, and two pigs in vivo (74 and 81 kg). Due to the improved decoupling between interleaved L‐shaped and straight dipole elements, the 16‐element dipole array fits within the same outer dimensions as an eight‐element array of straight dipoles. This provides improvement of both transmit and receive characteristics and additional degrees of freedom for
shimming. The antisymmetric dipole array demonstrated efficient suppression of destructive interferences in the
field, with up to 25% improvement in the
homogeneity achieved using static pTx‐RFPA
shimming in comparison with the hardware‐adjusted state, which was optimized for single transmit. High‐resolution (0.5 × 0.5 × 4 mm3) anatomical images of the heart after cardiac arrest proved good transmit and receive characteristics of the novel array design. Parallel imaging with an acceleration factor up to R = 6 was possible while maintaining a mean g factor of 1.55 within the pig heart. CINE images acquired in vivo in two pigs demonstrated SNR and parallel imaging capabilities similar to those of a reference 8Tx/16Rx dedicated loop array for cMRI in pigs.
Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model guided fracture‐resistant structural designs under finite deformations
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Khandelwal Kapil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA finite strain shear modified Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model based on multiplicative elastoplasticity, together with its implementation details, is presented. This GTN model which can simulate the loss of load‐carrying capacity of porous metals through nucleation, growth, shearing, and coalescence of voids is incorporated in an optimization framework for designing structures with optimal plastic energy dissipation capacity while satisfying prescribed constraints on material usage and damage. An adjoint method‐based analytical path‐dependent sensitivity analysis is presented that can be used with gradient‐based optimization algorithms. Using the proposed topology optimization formulations, the optimized designs exhibit well‐constrained fracture at the design displacements. Ultimate performance analyses of the optimized designs demonstrate that the fracture‐resistant designs can have higher ductility, ultimate strength as well as improved energy dissipation, as compared to the designs guided by von Mises plasticity where no fracture mechanisms are modeled. Moreover, due to finite deformations, a fracture can initiate at multiple locations and critical fracture locations can change during the loading process. In addition, different failure modes are revealed from different optimized designs under large deformations.
A fifth–sixth century CE lynx (Lynx lynx L., 1758) skeleton from Hungary: Cranial morphology and zoological interpretations
Authors: Gál Erika , Bartosiewicz László , Kiss Viktória 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe articulated skeleton of an adult male lynx was found in association with four dogs and scattered bones of other domesticates in a pit at Zamárdi‐Kútvölgyi‐dűlő II, Hungary. Lynx remains occur rarely in the archaeological record, and protocols for ageing and sexing do not exist. The intact skull of the skeleton offered an opportunity to review the craniological features of the species in comparison with a reference material of extant individuals, complementing our knowledge of lynx osteology, providing an empirical basis for zooarchaeological evaluation. Although caution is due in assigning a concrete function to the curious Zamárdi deposit, familiarity with the craniological properties, habitat preferences, and behavior of Eurasian lynx is indispensable in cultural interpretations subject to a forthcoming study on the osteoarchaeology of this rare wild felid.
Multi‐modal cell structure formation of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)/superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles composite scaffolds by supercritical CO2 varying‐temperature foaming
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Jinjing , Zhou Jiancheng , Sun Jianfei , Jiao Zhen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)/superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) composite scaffold material was prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide varying‐temperature mode method. The multi‐modal cell structure was formed, and the mechanism was explained. The nuclei formed in the heating stage grew into large pores, while the nuclei formed in the depressurization stage grew into small pores. SPIONs caused pores to rupture and coalesce into small pores or large pores. The effects of foaming parameters, including the amount of SPIONs, saturation temperature, foaming temperature, foaming pressure, and depressurization rate on the properties of the scaffolds, were systematically studied. The results showed that the addition of SPIONs could improve the porosity and mechanical properties of the scaffold, and the obvious multi‐modal cell structure could be formed. In conclusion, by changing the foaming parameters, the PLGA/SPIONs composite scaffolds with various average diameters (11.93–790.52 μm), a wide range of porosity (62.98%–93.23%) and mechanical properties (0.38–11.12 MPa) could be obtained.
Advanced Kolarik model for the modulus of a nanocomposite system reinforced by halloysite nanotubes and interphase zone
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the current article, Kolarik model is progressed for the tensile modulus of a polymeric system containing dispersed halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and adjacent interphase section. The progressive model correlates the nanocomposite's modulus to HNT concentration (volume fraction and weight percentage), the extents of HNT and nearby interphase section in addition to the densities of polymer medium and HNT. The productions of the progressive model are linked to the tentative results and the influences of all variables on the modulus of system are justified. The modulus of system reduces as HNT radius increases, but HNT weight percentage directly controls the nanocomposite's modulus. The modulus of samples maximizes by 47% by the deepest interphase section of 20 nm establishing a straight link among nanocomposite's modulus and interphase thickness. The increment of polymer matrix density improves the modulus of samples, but there is an opposite relation between the modulus of system and HNT density. Furthermore, the calculations exactly match to the experimental facts of numerous examples representing the accurateness of the progressed model.
Being born with a single cardiac ventricle: What do we tell prospective parents
Authors: d'Udekem Yves , Hutchinson Darren 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSingle ventricle cardiac disease remains one of the most extreme forms of congenital heart disease. It encompasses a wide variety of lesions characterised by the existence of one small ventricular cavity. We now realise that survival of this group is much longer than expected, well into adulthood for the majority with current techniques, albeit with a considerable burden of disease for many. Here we give a up to date review of single ventricle cardiac disease. We include discussion regarding prenatal assessment and planning, usual treatment pathways, short and long term outcomes and a discussion on the future for this patient group. We combine this information to give a contemporary perspective on our counselling approach appropriate for those who are the first contact and primary conveyors of this information to families.
Implementation of non‐invasive prenatal testing within a national UK antenatal screening programme: Impact on women's choices
Authors: Bowden Bethan , de Souza Sikha , Puchades Alice , Williams Kindry , Morgan Sian , Anderson Sarah , Tucker David , Hillier Sharon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) on pregnant women's choices in a national NHS antenatal screening programme for Down's syndrome, Edwards' syndrome and Patau's syndrome.MethodAn observational study of all pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy and higher chance (≤1:150) combined or quadruple screening result from 30 April 2018 to 25 September 2020 in Wales, UK. Pregnant women's journey through the pathway was determined including uptake of NIPT, performance of NIPT in a non‐research setting and invasive procedures performed.ResultsOf the 1273 women with a higher chance initial screening, 1073 (84%) chose NIPT contingent test, 174 (14%) no further testing and 26 (2%) invasive procedure. There were 1001 (93%) low chance NIPT results; 11 (1%) failed results and 61 (6%) high chance results. Average annual incidence of 27 invasive procedures undertaken compared to 229 pre‐NIPT implementation, a nearly ninefold reduction. Down's syndrome annual live birth rate remained unchanged across the implementation period.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that NIPT contingent screening was highly acceptable to women with a resulting reduction in invasive procedures performed.ConclusionThe high uptake of NIPT in NHS antenatal screening pathway conditions should inform planning for other national screening programmes.
Techno‐economic analysis of the use of atomic layer deposited transition metal oxides in silicon heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Chang Nathan L. , Poduval Geedhika K. , Sang Borong , Khoo Kean , Woodhouse Michael , Qi Fred , Dehghanimadvar Mohammad , Li Wei Min , Egan Renate J. , Hoex Bram 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe industry for producing silicon solar cells and modules has grown remarkably over the past decades, with more than a 100‐fold reduction in price over the past 45 years. The main solar cell fabrication technology has shifted over that time and is currently dominated by the passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC). Other technologies are expected to increase in market share, including tunnel‐oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) and heterojunction technology (HJT). In this paper, we examine the cost potential for using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to form transition metal oxide (TMO) layers (
,
and aluminium‐doped zinc oxide [AZO]) to use as lower cost alternatives of the p‐doped, n‐doped and indium tin oxide (ITO) layers, respectively, the layers normally used in HJT solar cells. Using a bottom‐up cost and uncertainty model with equipment cost data and process experience in the lab, we find that the production cost of these variations will likely be lower per wafer than standard HJT, with the main cost drivers being the cost of the ALD precursors at high‐volume production. We then considered what efficiency is required for these sequences to be cost effective in $/W and discuss whether these targets are technically feasible. This work motivates further work in developing these ALD TMO processes to increase their efficiency towards their theoretical limits to take advantage of the processing cost advantage.
Damp‐heat induced degradation in photovoltaic modules manufactured with passivated emitter and rear contact solar cells
Authors: Kyranaki Nikoleta , Smith Alex , Yendall Keith , Hutt David A. , Whalley David C. , Gottschalg Ralph , Betts Thomas R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCorrosion is one of the main PV module failure mechanisms, as it can cause severe electrical performance degradation in PV modules exposed to hot and humid environments. Moisture penetrating a photovoltaic (PV) module may react with the metallic components causing corrosion. In addition, acetic acid which is produced by hydrolysis of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), the most common encapsulant, may further degrade metallic components. Corrosion is one of the main PV module failure mechanisms, as it can cause severe electrical performance degradation in PV modules exposed to hot and humid environments. The specific chemical reactions involved in the corrosion mechanisms for the different components are well understood. However, which of these causes the most serious degradation in the field, and therefore, most severe power loss is unknown. Moreover, the severity of corrosion in the absence of acetic acid is not yet well researched. This work distinguished between the front and rear side corrosion mechanisms and identified the different electrical signatures observed due to them. The experiment included damp‐heat (DH) conditioning of single‐cell mini‐modules, containing passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells, laminated with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based backsheet. Furthermore, half‐encapsulated PERC PV cells were tested, with either the front or the rear side exposed. Electrical and material characterisation were conducted for the investigation of the sample degradation, and the performance decrease, related to the degradation of the rear surface passivation, was examined.
An insight into major signaling pathways and protein–protein interaction networks involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chatterjee Bhaswati , Neelaveni Kudugunti , Kenchey Himaja , Thakur Suman S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with the increase of glucose in the blood rather than being absorbed by the cells. A better understanding of the signaling pathways is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of GDM. This study provides details about a series of signaling pathways and protein–protein interactions involved in the pathogenesis of GDM and their evaluations in GDM development. Protein–protein interactions were found between proteins of several signaling pathways that suggest interlink between these signaling pathways. Protein–protein interactions were generated with high confidence interaction scores based on textmining, cooccurrence, coexpression, neighborhood, gene fusion, experiments, and databases. The dysregulation of signaling pathways may also contribute to the increased risk of complications associated with GDM in the mother and child. Further, studies on signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of GDM would help in the development of an effective intervention to prevent GDM along with the identification of key targets for effective therapies in the future.
Psychosocial assessment of candidates for hematopoietic cell transplantation: A national survey of centers' practices
Authors: Randall Jill , Anderson Georgia , Kayser Karen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study characterizes pre‐hematopoietic cell transplant psychosocial assessment practices with adult patients at centers in the U.S. An online, cross‐sectional survey was conducted to describe the content and process of assessment including the high risk factors that influence transplant eligibility and how eligibility decisions are made.MethodsPsychosocial professionals (one per center) were invited to participate by sharing their center's practice. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers and pre‐tested with a group of hematopoietic cell transplantation social workers. Univariate statistics were used to describe the sample as well as the content and process of psychosocial assessment. Content analysis was conducted on textual data.ResultsA total of 90 centers had one psychosocial professional that responded. There was general consistency among centers about the major psychosocial components that are assessed, but variation occurred regarding what, if any, standardized measures were used. Approximately half of centers that used standardized measures used the Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation, Transplant Evaluation Rating Scale, or Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for transplantation to rate overall psychosocial risk. Most respondents (86%) reported that their center has declined an otherwise medically eligible patient due to psychosocial risk factors. Risk factors most frequently reported as potentially influencing eligibility included no caregiver/poor support system, illicit drug use, and serious, untreated mental illness.ConclusionsStudy findings provide a fuller understanding of psychosocial assessment practices, including the challenging ethical issue of psychosocial eligibility, and will help inform best practices.
Plasma surface technology for CO2‐neutral and sustainable mobility
Authors: Hosenfeldt Tim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree concepts are suitable for CO2‐neutral and sustainable mobility: First, the direct use of electrical energy for battery electric vehicles. Second, the conversion of regeneratively generated electricity into green hydrogen as an energy carrier for fuel cell electric vehicles, and third, the generation of synthetic fuels from green hydrogen. The technologies will complement each other in terms of vehicle weight, driving distance, and propulsion power required. Regardless of the powertrain concept, plasma surface technology offers outstanding opportunities for the optimization of highly stressed tribological systems. For example, Triondur physical vapor deposition and plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition coating systems in the automotive industry, where they were initially used to prevent wear, have become an extremely valuable design element for increasing energy efficiency and CO2 savings through friction reduction. As a result, more than 150 million components coated with Triondur were delivered worldwide in 2018. Defossilization of the energy chain requires increased industrialization of components for electrolyzers and fuel cells, such as the metallic bipolar plates of galvanic cells. Here too, plasma surface technology will play a key role in meeting the high demands for the required electrochemical properties and quality standards. For CO2‐neutral and sustainable mobility, plasma surface technology will continue to be a key technology, regardless of the powertrain concept.