bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with resolved HBV infection based on a highly sensitive HB core‐related antigen assay
Authors: Hagiwara Shinya , Kusumoto Shigeru , Inoue Takako , Ogawa Shintaro , Narita Tomoko , Ito Asahi , Ri Masaki , Komatsu Hirokazu , Suzuki Takanori , Matsuura Kentaro , Yagi Shintaro , Kaneko Atsushi , Aoyagi Katsumi , Iida Shinsuke , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsTo prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation‐related hepatitis, we examined the clinical usefulness of a highly sensitive HB core‐related antigen (iTACT‐HBcrAg) assay in patients with resolved HBV infection after nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) treatment for HBV reactivation.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 27 patients with resolved HBV infection who experienced HBV reactivation (defined as HBV DNA levels of 1.3 log IU/ml or more), and who received systemic chemotherapies for hematological malignancies between 2008 and 2020. iTACT‐HBcrAg, HBsAg‐HQ, and antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) were measured using samples stored after HBV reactivation. The lower limit of quantification for iTACT‐HBcrAg was 2.0 log U/ml.ResultsHBV reactivation was diagnosed at a median HBV DNA level of 1.8 log IU/ml, and then all patients received NA treatment. No patient had HBV‐related hepatitis with a median maximum HBV DNA level of 2.0 log IU/ml. The positivities of iTACT‐HBcrAg and HBsAg‐HQ were 96% and 52% after HBV reactivation, respectively. Of 25 patients with detectable iTACT‐HBcrAg at the initiation of NA treatment, 17 (68%) achieved iTACT‐HBcrAg loss. Median durations from NA treatment to HBV DNA loss and iTACT‐HBcrAg loss or the last follow‐up were 35 and 175 days, respectively. Recurrence of HBV reactivation after NA cessation was not observed in seven of eight patients who achieved iTACT‐HBcrAg loss or seropositive for anti‐HBs during follow‐up, except for one without anti‐HBs after allogeneic transplantation.ConclusionsiTACT‐HBcrAg could be a potential surrogate marker for diagnosing early‐stage HBV reactivation as well as safe cessation of NA treatment in patients with resolved HBV infection after HBV reactivation.
High willingness to use injectable antiretroviral therapy among women who have been lost to follow‐up from HIV programmes: A nested cross‐sectional study
Authors: Odongpiny Eva Laker Agnes , Cresswell Fiona , Arinaitwe Arnold , Nakate Vivian , Kyenkya Joshua , Lamorde Mohammed , Waitt Catriona , Meya David , Kiragga Agnes 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesEfforts to achieve zero transmission of HIV to infants born to women living with HIV in sub‐Saharan African are undermined by high rates of loss to follow‐up in prevention of vertical transmission (PVT) programmes. The fear of HIV status disclosure through the discovery of pill bottles at home is a major contributor. Injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proved to be efficacious in clinical trials and is discreet, offering a potential solution. We investigated the knowledge and willingness to use injectable ART among women who were lost to follow‐up from the PVT programme in Uganda.MethodsWomen were traced by nurse counsellors and knowledge and opinions relating to injectable ART, including willingness to use it when it becomes available, were collected. Generalized linear models were used to determine predictors of willingness to use injectable ART.ConclusionsAmong 1023 women registered between 2017 and 2019 under the PVT programmes in Kampala and Wakiso districts, Uganda, 385 (38%) were lost to follow‐up from care and 22% of these (83/385) were successfully traced and interviewed. Only 25% (21/83) had heard of injectable ART. Over half (55%, 46/83) were very willing to use injectable ART, 40% (33/83) were somewhat willing and four (5%) were not willing. Those who associated ART tablets with disclosure risk were more willing to consider injectable ART (adjusted odds ratio = 4.21; 95% confidence interval: 1.45–12.19; p = 0.008).We report high willingness to use injectable ART associated with fears that ART tablets were a potential source of HIV status disclosure. Injectable ART could be a solution for women who have challenges with disclosure.
Routine blood biomarkers for the detection of multiple myeloma using machine learning
Authors: Fan Gaowei , Cui Ruifang , Zhang Rui , Zhang Shunli , Guo Ruipeng , Zhai Yuhua , Yue Yuhong , Wang Qingtao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionPrimary laboratory tests performed in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM) include bone marrow examination and free light chain assay; however, these may only be ordered after clinical suspicion of disease. In contrast, routine blood test results are readily available.MethodsMachine learning algorithms (ML) combined with routine blood tests were used to detect MM. Feature selection was performed to achieve improved classification performance. The robustness of the classification models was assessed in an internal and external validation data set. To minimize the divergence, the training and validation data sets were combined and used to assess the performance of the ML algorithms.ResultsThe AdaBoost‐DecisionTable produced the best performance (accuracy =94.75%, sensitivity =87.70%, positive predictive value (PPV) =92.50%, F‐measure =90.00%, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) =97.50%) in the training data set using a 10‐fold cross‐validation. Performance in the validation data sets was affected by the divergence of the data sets, with accuracy greater than 85% and AUC greater than 90% in the validation data sets. The ML algorithm achieved a high accuracy of 92.61%, high AUC (96.80%), a sensitivity value of 85.20%, a PPV value of 88.50%, and an F‐measure of 86.80% in a test set that was randomly selected from the combined data set.ConclusionsCombining ML and routine serum biomarkers hold a potential benefit in MM diagnosis.
Simulation‐based training module on urosepsis improves knowledge and skills of urology nurses in Karachi, Pakistan: A brief project report
Authors: Chagani Sajida Salman , Aziz Wajahat , Farhan Zohra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimulation‐based training has become an essential part of medical and healthcare education. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the improvement in knowledge and skills of nurses by introducing a new training methodology simulation‐based training module. A ‘cause and effect’ tool was used to identify care concerns and learning needs experienced by urology nurses in patient care settings. Early identification and management of sepsis/urosepsis was identified as a learning theme. A timeline was set and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement Quality Improvement Model, methodology was used to enact a plan‐do‐study‐act cycle to develop a strategy for project execution. To improve care provided by urology nurses and to improve the clinical outcomes, a biannual traditional training course for urology nurses was refurbished converting it into a simulation‐based training module. Via this module nursing staff gained knowledge about a standard sepsis protocol and were able to perform focused assessment on a high fidelity SimMan 3G® simulator. Staff were further able to identify early signs of urosepsis and demonstrate an ability in its initial management. Participants had skills signed off at the end of simulation‐based training session. Improvement in knowledge was assessed by multiple choice questions following pre and post‐tests. An online evaluation form was filled by each participant to assess effectiveness of module and strengths, weaknesses opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis was done. Fifty four out of 93 nurses within a Nephrology‐Urology service participated. Improvement in knowledge was calculated by pre‐test average score about recognition and early management of sepsis which was 59%, with an average post‐test score of 75%. Besides this, nurses were evaluated for skills sign off with at least a ‘satisfactory’ performance. At the end of the session evaluation forms were completed by the participants to determine the perceived usefulness of the training. A SWOT analysis identified the main strength of the project which was that it offered hands‐on skills to identify early warning signs of sepsis along with the opportunity to practice the management of these issues efficiently. Simulation‐based module significantly improved the knowledge and skills of urology nurses and participants demonstrated a positive attitude toward this new pedagogy.
Extracellular vesicles and immune response during pregnancy: A balancing act*
Authors: Morelli Adrian E. , Sadovsky Yoel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying maternal tolerance of the semi‐ or fully‐allogeneic fetus are intensely investigated. Across gestation, feto‐placental antigens interact with the maternal immune system locally within the trophoblast‐decidual interface and distantly through shed cells and soluble molecules that interact with maternal secondary lymphoid tissues. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as local or systemic carriers of antigens and immune‐regulatory molecules has added a new dimension to our understanding of immune modulation prior to implantation, during trophoblast invasion, and throughout the course of pregnancy. New data on immune‐regulatory molecules, located on EVs or within their cargo, suggest a role for EVs in negotiating immune tolerance during gestation. Lessons from the field of transplant immunology also shed light on possible interactions between feto‐placentally derived EVs and maternal lymphoid tissues. These insights illuminate a potential role for EVs in major obstetrical disorders. This review provides updated information on intensely studied, pregnancy‐related EVs, their cargo molecules, and patterns of fetal‐placental‐maternal trafficking, highlighting potential immune pathways that might underlie immune suppression or activation in gestational health and disease. Our summary also underscores the likely need to broaden the definition of the maternal‐fetal interface to systemic maternal immune tissues that might interact with circulating EVs.
miR‐221 promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration by targeting SOCS7 and is regulated by YB‐1
Authors: Feng Xiao , Zhang Lei , Feng Wei , Zhang Ce , Jin Tingting , Li Jingyu , Guo Jincai 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProliferation and migration of keratinocytes are vital processes for the successful epithelization specifically after wounding. MiR‐221 has been identified to play a potential role in promoting wound regeneration by inducing blood vessel formation. However, little is known about the role of miR‐221 in the keratinocyte proliferation and migration during wound healing. An in vivo mice wound‐healing model was generated; the expression levels of miR‐221 were assessed by qRT‐PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Initially, we found that miR‐221 was upregulated in the proliferative phase of wound healing. Further, in an in vivo wound‐healing mice model, targeted delivery of miR‐221 mimics accelerated wound healing. Contrastingly, inhibition of miR‐221 delayed healing. Additionally, we observed that overexpression of miR‐221 promoted cell proliferation and migration, while inhibition of miR‐221 had the opposite effects. Moreover, we identified SOCS7 as a direct target of miR‐221 in keratinocytes and overexpression of SOCS7 reversed the effects of miR‐221 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Finally, we identified that YB‐1 regulates the expression of miR‐221 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Overall, our experiments suggest that miR‐221 is regulated by YB‐1 in HaCaT keratinocytes and acts on SOCS7, thereby playing an important role in HaCaT keratinocyte proliferation and migration during wound healing.
Energy and exergy analyses of solar drying of black cardamom (Amomum subulatom Roxburgh) using indirect type flat plate collector solar dryer
Authors: Dash Soumya , Choudhury Shibabrata , Dash Kshirod Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study has summarized the energy and exergy analyses of flat plate collector solar dryer. The study involves a fundamental method for the design of the solar collector based on minimum entropy generation number (Ns) and mass flow number (M). The optimal performance parameters of the solar collector were determined using thermodynamic optimization procedure. Black cardamom was dried in the solar dryer at the drying air temperature range of 26–62°C. The amount of useful energy varied between 0.07 and 0.63 kW based on the degree of solar insolation. Subsequently, it was observed that the useful energy accumulated by the solar dryer was sufficient to dry black cardamom samples to 8.2% moisture content from an initial moisture content of 80.6%. The range of energy utilization values inside the cabinet was between 7.53 and 74.61 W for a period of 24 hr. It was observed that the energy utilization ratio (EUR) varied from 22.12–80.73%, 22.62–97.71%, and 14.25–77.81%, respectively, for the three consecutive days. The increase in the inlet air temperature led to an increase in the EUR values. Furthermore, during the drying studies, the exergy efficiency of the drying chamber was ranged from 31.19% to 93.28%, with an average of 72.08%. The developed solar dryer incorporates a free energy source, sustainability, increased drying capacity, and the creation of high‐quality products. This dryer can be promoted as beneficial and sustainable equipment for drying agro products by small and marginal farmers.Practical applicationsFree energy sources and sustainability are the benefits of this solar dryer system. Agricultural producers are considering the use of renewable energy, such as solar energy, in the drying of agricultural goods. The design of the solar collector was based on the minimum entropy generation number. In this study, a dynamic model was provided in which the kinetics of moisture reduction are calculated based on the quantity of solar energy received in the collector and the temperature fluctuation in the collector. The exergy input and exergy loss of the dryer are affected by solar radiation. The quantity of energy received and consumed is included in the energy analysis.
Evaluation of patients with telogen effluvium during the pandemic: May the monocytes be responsible for post COVID‐19 telogen effluvium?
Authors: Koç Yıldırım Sema , Erbağcı Ece , Demirel Öğüt Neslihan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionTelogen effluvium (TE) is one of the causes of non‐scarring hair loss that occurred commonly 2–3 months after a triggering factor. It was reported that the incidence of TE increased during the COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. However, to date, there is no study evaluating the status of COVID‐19 before the onset of hair loss in patients with TE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the patients with TE whether they had COVID‐19 or not before the onset of their hair loss and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of those with and without a history of COVID‐19.MethodWe conducted an observational cohort study of TE patients. The diagnosis of TE depended on anamnesis and physical examination of the patients. Also, hair pull test was performed. Demographic data and the results of COVID‐19 real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were recorded from the electronic medical records.ResultsTotally, 181 patients with TE were included in the study. Sixty‐four of patients (35.4%) had been diagnosed with COVID‐19 before the hair loss started. The median duration of development of hair loss was 2 months (range 1–11 months, IQR 3) after COVID‐19 diagnosis. In this group, 87.5% of patients (n = 56) had acute TE and 12.5% of patients (n = 8) had chronic TE. The rate of acute TE and the use of vitamin supplements were ignificantly higher (p < 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively) and the monocyte count in peripheral blood was lower (p = 0.041) in the group diagnosed with COVID‐19.Discussion and ConclusionIt was stated that monocytes and macrophages infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 can produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines that play a crucial role in the development of COVID‐19‐related complications. Also, it was suggested that the number of monocytes tends to be lower in the late recovery stage. The lower monocyte count in patients with a history of COVID‐19 in our study may be related to evaluating the patients in the late period of recovery and the migration of circulating monocytes to hair follicles. The history of COVID‐19 must be questioned in patients with TE. It should be kept in mind that hair loss that develops after COVID‐19 may be presented as chronic TE form too. The exact mechanisms of hair loss induced by COVID‐19 are not fully explained; the roles of monocytes on the hair follicles may be one of the responsible mechanisms.
miR‐186‐5p inhibits the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting ITGA6 to impair the activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Chen Min , Zhang Jing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators of multiple biological processes. miR‐186‐5p functions as a tumor suppressor in a variety of cancers and promotes the malignant proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to clarify the role and regulatory mechanism of miR‐186‐5p in OSCC.MethodsThe levels of miR‐186‐5p and integrin subunit alpha 6 (ITGA6) were investigated in clinical specimens and OSCC cell lines by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of miR‐186‐5p and ITGA6 on the cell migration, proliferation, and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/serine‐threonine kinase (AKT) pathway activity were evaluated by transwell assay, cell counting kit 8 assay, and western blotting, respectively. A xenograft model was used to analyze the effect of miR‐186‐5p on tumor growth. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify the putative targets of miR‐186‐5p in OSCC.ResultsDecreased miR‐186‐5p expression levels were observed in OSCC tumor tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of miR‐186‐5p suppressed the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells, and weakened the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Moreover, the overexpression of miR‐186‐5p in xenograft tumor models impedes tumor growth. miR‐186‐5p is bound to ITGA6 and negatively related to ITGA6 expression in tumor tissues. The forced expression of ITGA6 promoted OSCC cell proliferation and migration and enhanced the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT, while additional miR‐186‐5p enrichment partly abolished these effects.ConclusionmiR‐186‐5p binds to ITGA6 to impair the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby blocking the development of OSCC. This study provides insight to understand the pathogenesis of OSCC.
Impact dynamics of the L chondrites' parent asteroid
Authors: Ciocco Marine , Roskosz Mathieu , Doisneau Béatrice , Beyssac Olivier , Mostefaoui Smail , Remusat Laurent , Leroux Hugues , Gounelle Matthieu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe dynamics of collisional events have been studied for three highly shocked L chondrites (Tenham, Sixiangkou, and Acfer 040). Crystal growth rates of high‐pressure polymorphs of olivines and pyroxenes and diffusion‐driven redistribution of Mn, Ca, Fe, and Na associated with these polymorphic transitions were studied independently. These two approaches were then applied on the same samples, and for meteorites that underwent different collisional histories. The relevance of the use of pyroxene polymorphs (e.g., akimotoite) is demonstrated. Combined analysis of the exact same ringwoodite and akimotoite crystals by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and NanoSIMS demonstrate that while STEM has a better lateral resolution, the 40 nm maximum resolution of the NanoSIMS is sufficient to distinguish and analyze diffusion profiles. With STEM chemical and structural information concerning the nucleation mechanisms of ringwoodite and akimotoite, the concentration profiles derived from NanoSIMS images were used to derive the shock pulse duration and impactor size for these three meteorites. The two approaches (crystal growth kinetics and elemental diffusion) provide comparable durations assuming that diffusion coefficients are carefully selected. We obtain shock time scales of 1, 7, and 4 s for Tenham, Sixiangkou, and Acfer 040, respectively. Corresponding impactor sizes are also calculated, and the results point toward either (i) an early separation of the L chondrites from the parent body, and secondary impacts resulting in the observed meteorites or (ii) the meteorites all originate from different depths in the parent body.
Mesangial cell‐derived tenascin‐C contributes to mesangial cell proliferation and matrix protein production in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Yan Minhua , Liu Shaojun , Zhang Min , Lai Lingyun , Xie Qionghong , Hao Chuan‐Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTenascin‐C (TNC), a non‐structural extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is transiently expressed during development or after injury, playing an important role in injury and repair process. The potential role of TNC in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains to be clarified.MethodsImmunohistochemistry staining for TNC was conducted on paraffin‐embedded slices from renal biopsies of 107 IgAN patients, and correlation analysis was made between mesangial TNC expression and clinic‐pathological parameters. In situ hybridization for TNC mRNA was further performed to figure out the cells that express TNC within glomeruli. In vitro experiments were also carried out on mouse mesangial cells (SV40 MES13) to elucidate the effect of TNC on mesangial cells.ResultsTNC was expressed in the mesangial area of IgAN, as well as in fibrotic regions. Correlation analysis showed that higher mesangial TNC was associated with higher level of proteinuria, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and more serious pathological lesions (MEST score). In situ hybridization revealed that abundant TNC mRNA expression was observed in the affected glomeruli of IgAN, but not in minimal change disease. Moreover, TNC mRNA co‐localized with PDGFRβ mRNA, but not with PODXL mRNA, suggesting that TNC mRNA was expressed in the mesangial cells within glomeruli in IgAN. In vitro experiments showed that exogenous TNC promoted matrix protein production and mesangial cell proliferation, which was attenuated by an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor.ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that mesangial cell‐derived TNC contributes to mesangial matrix expansion and mesangial cell proliferation, which is a potential therapeutic target in IgAN.