bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Davlat oliy ta’lim muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshirishga oid shartnomalarining mazmuni va ularni bajarish muammolari
Authors: Xomidov Eldor 
Published: March 2022

Maqolada davlat oliy ta’lim muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatida tuzishi mumkin bo‘lgan shartnomalar va shu shartnomalarni bajarishda uchraydigan muammolar haqida yoritib berilgan. Shuningdek, Oliy ta’lim muassasalarining tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshirish uchun tuzadigan shartnomalari tasniflangan. Oliy ta’lim muassasalarining odatdagi funksional vazifalarni bajarish bilan bog‘liq shartnomalari hamda qo‘shimcha mablag‘ jalb qilishga qaratilgan shartnomalari farqlab berilgan. OTM tadbirkorlik faoliyatini rivojlantirishga bo‘lgan zarurati asoslantirilgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi “Tadbirkorlik faoliyati erkinliklarni kafolatlari to‘g‘risida”gi Qonuniga, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasi tomonidan 2009-yil 8-aprelda “Davlat mulkini ijaraga berish tartibini takomillashtirish chora-tadbirlari to‘g‘risida”gi 102-son Qaroriga o‘zgartirish va qo‘shimchalar kiritish asoslantirilgan hamda Oliy ta’lim to‘g‘risidagi Nizom (2003-yil 22-fevral, ro‘yxat raqami: 1222)ga quyidagi mazmundagi X1 bob Davlat oliy ta’lim muassasasining tadbirkorlik faoliyatini amalga oshirishga oid shartnomalar kiritish maqsadga muvofiqligi asoslantirilgan. Davlat OTMlarining keng tarqalgan tadbirkorlik faoliyati sifatida tuziladigan ijara shartnomasi va u bilan bog‘liq muammolar tahlil qilinib , yechimi berilgan.
Assessment of Low Back Pain: Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of the Brief Pain Inventory
Authors: Song Chen-Yi , Chen Chia-Hsin , Chen Tien-Wen , Chiang Hsin-Yu , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Importance: The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is one of the most widely used measures to assess pain and related impacts among patients with low back pain (LBP). However, its test–retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) have rarely been examined in patients with LBP, interfering with its utility.
Objective: To investigate the test–retest reliability and MDC of the BPI among patients with LBP.
Design: Repeated assessments design with a 1-wk interval.
Setting: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in a hospital in Taiwan.
Participants: Fifty-four patients with stable LBP conditions.
Outcomes and Measures: The BPI has two subscales—Intensity and Interference—that assess pain intensity and pain interference, respectively. Their test–retest reliability was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and MDCs were calculated.
Results: The ICCs of the Intensity and Interference subscales were .62 and .76, respectively. The MDC values for the two subscales were 2.57 and 2.34, respectively. For the four Intensity items, the average-pain score had a higher ICC (.60) than scores on the other items (worst, least, and current pain, which had ICCs of about .40).
Conclusions and Relevance: The results suggest that although the BPI is a commonly used measure of pain intensity and pain interference among patients with LBP, caution should be exercised in interpreting the Intensity subscale score and its item scores.
What This Article Adds: The BPI is widely used to assess pain and related impacts on daily occupation and functioning among patients with LBP. This study provides information regarding its test–retest reliability. Moreover, the MDC values provide clinicians and researchers with the thresholds for determining real improvement (beyond random measurement error).
Understanding Career Goals Set by Autistic Youth
Authors: Dean Evan E. , Burke Kathryn M. , Shogren Karrie A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractImportance: Recent years have seen a shift to strengths-based approaches promoting self-determination and career-related interests among autistic youth. Research is needed to understand the career-related goals set by autistic youth on the basis of their interests.Objective: To descriptively explore the career design goals set by autistic youth engaged in the self-determined career design model (SDCDM) intervention.Design: Content analysis was used to analyze the types of goals set by youth during intervention. Two researchers separately reviewed the goal set by each autistic youth (one goal per youth) and determined categories for each goal.Setting: Preferred community location (usually the youth’s home) in an urban Midwestern city.Participants: Twenty-one autistic youth.Intervention: SDCDM.Outcomes and Measures: Participants set goals as part of the SDCDM, which were recorded using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). Researchers used GAS to support each participant in setting a measurable and objective goal and describing criteria for meeting the goal.Results: Categories included enhancing self-management, obtaining employment, exploring career opportunities, enhancing learning, and enhancing self-advocacy.Conclusions and Relevance: The findings from this study indicate that autistic youth set goals related to obtaining employment and enhancing generalizable 21st-century skills, such as self-advocacy and self-management.What This Article Adds: The SDCDM is a tool occupational therapy practitioners can use to support youth in setting and working toward career goals.
Sea-level variability and change along the Norwegian coast between 2003 and 2018 from satellite altimetry, tide gauges, and hydrography
Authors: Mangini Fabio , Chafik Léon , Bonaduce Antonio , Bertino Laurent , Nilsen Jan Even Ø. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Sea-level variations in coastal areas can differ
significantly from those in the nearby open ocean. Monitoring coastal
sea-level variations is therefore crucial to understand how climate
variability can affect the densely populated coastal regions of the globe.
In this paper, we study the sea-level variability along the coast of Norway
by means of in situ records, satellite altimetry data, and a network of
eight hydrographic stations over a period spanning 16 years (from 2003 to
2018). At first, we evaluate the performance of the ALES-reprocessed coastal
altimetry dataset (1 Hz posting rate) by comparing it with the sea-level
anomaly from tide gauges over a range of timescales, which include the
long-term trend, the annual cycle, and the detrended and deseasoned sea-level
anomaly. We find that coastal altimetry and conventional altimetry products
perform similarly along the Norwegian coast. However, the agreement with
tide gauges in terms of trends is on average 6 % better when we use the
ALES coastal altimetry data. We later assess the steric contribution to the
sea level along the Norwegian coast. While longer time series are necessary
to evaluate the steric contribution to the sea-level trends, we find that
the sea-level annual cycle is more affected by variations in temperature
than in salinity and that both temperature and salinity give a comparable
contribution to the detrended and deseasoned sea-level variability along the
entire Norwegian coast. A conclusion from our study is that coastal regions
poorly covered by tide gauges can benefit from our satellite-based approach
to study and monitor sea-level change and variability.
The Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Syria
Authors: Almohamad Adnan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The site of Shash Hamdan is located on the Syrian Euphrates and includes impressive Roman-era rock-cut tombs. This article documents the extent of the damage to one of those tombs, Tomb 1 (T1), by comparing the evidence published by an Australian archaeological expedition in 1998 with images collected between 2006 and 2016 and also with a new survey that was undertaken in 2020. Interviews with people who live near the site were also conducted to identify the causes leading to the destruction of the tomb. This study explores the factors that contributed to the damage to cultural heritage before and during the Syrian conflict.
Comparative study of different diagnostic methods for detection of mycobacteria in clinically suspected patients of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at IGIMS, Patna
Authors: Kumar Bablu , Muni Sweta , Kumar Rakesh , Prabhat Ajay Kumar , Kumar Shailesh , Kumari Namrata 
Published: March 2022

Background: Tuberculosis is a global problem and incidence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis is increasing day by day. Diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis is a little bit difficult than pulmonary tuberculosis. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to compare different diagnostic methods like ZN staining, LED-FM and GeneXpert assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in respect to their sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV respectively. Methodology: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. Samples from 210 suspected extrapulmonary cases were collected and processed for ZN-stain, LED-FM, GeneXpert assay and MGIT culture. Taking the MGIT culture result as Gold standard, result of ZN-stain, LED-FM and GeneXpert were compared. Result: Out of 210 samples, detection rate of ZN staining, LED-FM, GeneXpert assay and MGIT culture were 10.47%, 14.28 %, 30.47% and 36.66% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of ZN staining and LED-FM were 28.27 %, 100%, 100%, 70.74% and 39.96%, 100%, 100%, 73.88% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of GeneXpert were 59.74%, 86.46%, 71.87% and 78.76% respectively.
One-piece implant-supported overdenture in fully edentulous patients: Report of two cases
Authors: Hassine Nouha , Perez Alexandre 
Published: March 2022

Dental implants with a reduced diameter can be placed in regions that lack adequate bone volume enabling functional and aesthetic oral rehabilitation without the complicated bone augmentation procedures.This article describes surgical and prosthetic procedures used in oral rehabilitation using Straumann ® one-piece Mini Implants (2.4-mm diameter with Optiloc ® prosthetic connection system) in two fully edentulous women aged 57 and 74. Both patients presented with severe ridge resorption. Ten one-piece mini dental implants (six on maxillary arch and four on mandibular arch) were placed in each patient to support new complete overdentures. Both patients were delighted with the results and regained their social lives. In addition, stabilized dentures allowed the patients to regain fundamental functions of the mouth: chewing and verbal (speech) and non-verbal (smiling) communication without the fear or difficulty experienced while wearing dentures that can move.In conclusion, mini implants offer an efficient, economical, and less invasive solution, especially for edentulous patients with atrophic bone structure or who cannot undergo complex surgical procedures.
PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. PELINDO III (PERSERO) BANJARMASIN.
Authors: Khotami Wildani , Bahar Rusdi 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan sistem manajemen keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Pelindo III (persero) banjarmasin. Kebijakan penerapan system ini memiliki peranan penting dalam membentuk perilaku karyawan dalam menjalankan tugas yang diberikan dan membentuk perilaku budaya keselamatan kerja dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Sistem ini sangatlah penting untuk diperhatikan secara seksama maupun dari perusahaan ataupun diri pribadi sendiri sehingga terciptanya lingkungan kerja yang safety.
Berisi kata/frase yang spesifik, terdiri dari 2-5 kata/frase, spasi 1
Manajemen, Keselamatan, Kesehatan
Class Actions: Are We Moving Towards an Opt–out Regime?
Authors: Clarke Simon , McIntosh Maura 
Published: March 2022

Summary
There appears to be a growing momentum toward the introduction of an “opt–out” regime for pursuing litigation on behalf of a number of parties who share similar grievances: so–called “class actions”.
A Research Paper by Professor Rachael Mulheron,which was commissioned by the Civil Justice Council (CJC) and published on 8 February 2008, has concluded that:
(a) there is a need for reform of collective redress mechanisms in English civil procedure; and
(b) this need should be filled by the introduction of an “opt–out” regime, whereby an action can be pursued on behalf of a class of unnamed, or even unidentified, claimants who are deemed included in the action unless they have specifically opted out.
The Paper has however consciously avoided consideration of either: (i) the actual design of such a regime; and (ii) importantly, how litigation conducted pursuant to such a regime should be funded and how costs should be dealt with, including to what extent the current costs shifting rules should be retained.
The CJC commissioned the Paper as part of its investigation into whether initiatives should be proposed to improve collective redress mechanisms. The CJC is expected to make recommendations to the Ministry of Justice on this matter during 2008.
Economic Torts: Where are we now?
Authors: Lewis Rupert 
Published: March 2022

Following the decisions in OBG Ltd & Ors v Allan & Ors [2007] UKHL 21, Meretz Investments N.V. & Anor v ACP Limited & Ors [2007] EWCA Civ 1303 and Total Network SL v HMRC [2008] UKHL 19 the main economic torts are now: procuring a breach of contract; causing loss by unlawful means; and conspiracy (lawful means and unlawful means). It is also probable that the tort of intimidation continues to exist as a separate tort in situations involving two parties, although none of the above decisions expressly answered this question.
The first part of this two–part article seeks to simplify the key findings in those cases.
Sales Culture and Misconduct in the Financial Services Industry:An Analysis of Cross-Selling Practices
Authors: De Pascalis Francesco 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY Over the past decade, a series of malpractice incidents in the financial services industry have shown that the risk of misconduct is not a theoretical possibility. Accordingly, the promotion and implementation of new ethics, values, and behaviours in banks and other financial institutions are primary objectives on the international regulatory agenda. Recent cases of mis-selling of financial products widened the scope of discussion towards financial firms’ sales practices. In particular, the widespread use of cross-selling techniques in the financial services industry caught regulatory attention, above all, among the European Supervisory Authorities. The ensuing debate was underpinned by the crucial question of how to guarantee a sustainable use of cross-selling by banks and financial institutions. This article addresses this question by analysing cross-selling in relation to the specificities and risks posed by the financial services industry. Whilst it was possible to elaborate on regulatory solutions in relation to a distorted use of financial practices, such as securitization and interest rate benchmarks, now it is also desirable to discuss the optimal strategy to prevent cross-selling from being the ‘tool’ for financial misconduct. This is of significance given the recognized potential of misconduct cases to pose systemic threats to financial stability.
Sticks or Carrots? How to Make British Banks More Socially Responsible
Authors: Kapsis Ilias 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY The relationship between banks and society in theUKremains fragile more than ten years after the financial crisis. The level of public mistrust, though lower than in the aftermath of the crisis, still remains largely negative for banks, especially as scandals continue to plague the sector. This raises the question of the effectiveness of reforms adopted in the UK since 2008 to improve the public oversight of banks and change their culture. The reforms resulted in a significant expansion of financial regulation through the adoption of large numbers of new rules with binding effects on banks. New supervisory bodies were created to implement the new rules and to monitor closely the bank activities. This article reviews the effects of the reforms on bank culture and concludes that expanded regulation and compulsory norms brought about mixed results on addressing the cultural problems facing UK banks and on repairing the relationship between these banks and UK society. The article argues that more significant cultural change could come only from the banks themselves acting voluntarily and therefore, going forward, a new balance between compulsory rules and voluntary schemes should be established. The article contributes to the ongoing dialogue between industry experts, policy makers and lawyers about the optimum levels of financial regulation, especially in light of recent calls for rolling back parts of public interventions in the financial sector. The article also contributes to the debate about ways to improve the public image of UK banks.
Workplace Non-Financial Misconduct: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Yeoh Peter 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY Sexual harassment, a form of non-financial misconduct is attracting global attention due mainly to the media impact of the #MeToo movement. This article looks at the legal implications of sexual harassment laws in the US and the UK for victims, employers, and others. It also includes what policymakers, enforcement agencies, and others could expand on in both jurisdictions to balance the interests of victims and employers.
Shareholders’ Agreements: Examining the Increasingly Common Phenomenon
Authors: Seth Aditya 
Published: March 2022

Shareholders’ Agreements are essentially agreements executed between the shareholders of a company, which define their rights and obligations. While it is the articles of association which are regarded as the constitution of the company in terms of the Companies Act 2006, and which generally contain the provisions which bind the company and its members, an increasing upsurge has been witnessed in the execution and usage of shareholders’ agreements over time. This noticeable rise has resulted due to two main reasons. Firstly, the limitations and ambiguities which are continually prevailing in the operation of the articles of association have led shareholders to make use of shareholders’ agreements to establish the construct of their rights and obligations. Secondly, the nature of such agreements makes them a favourable option for a diverse range of investors owing to them allowing shareholders to agree on additional rights and obligations and, moreover, due to their confidential private nature. This article expounds upon the striking reasons owing to which shareholders’ agreements have emerged as a common phenomenon and correspondingly, addresses and critically analyses the existent limitations and uncertainties which encompass such agreements.
Agreement; Shareholders, investors, company law, articles of association, enforcement of rights
Lessons in Protecting and Enforcing Copyright in Screenplays in Nigeria
Authors: Okorie Chijioke 
Published: March 2022

On 2 May 2019, the Lagos Division of the Federal High Court in Nigeria delivered its judgment in Suit No. FHC/L/ CS/740/2017 Raconteur Productions Limited v. Dioni Visions Entertainment Limited and Others (‘Raconteur’). This was a claim for copyright infringement of a screenplay, and concerned what constituted sufficient proof of an alleged infringer’s access to such screenplay and evidence of substantial similarities under Nigeria’s Copyright Act.
The plaintiff did not produce physical or documentary evidence of its screenplay alleged to have been infringed. For this reason, the Court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims and held that there was no basis to consider the questions of whether the plaintiff had copyright in any screenplay; whether the defendant had access to the plaintiff’s screenplay; and whether there were substantial similarities between the plaintiff’s work and that of the defendant.
This article explores the practical implications and lessons from this case for copyright law and practice, both for legal practitioners and the film industry, especially in the digital era. It finds that the decision in Raconteur and the circumstances of the case provide pointers for screenwriters seeking to procure remuneration and copyright protection; receive credit or attribution as well as funding for the co-production of cinematograph films, embodying their screenplays as distinct, protected works. It argues for a nuanced adoption of applicable lessons from various jurisdictions such as South Africa, the UK and the US.
copyright infringement, screenplay, Nigeria, substantial similarities, film industry, protected works
The Use of Financial Derivatives to Acquire ‘Control’ of the Target Company: Locating the Indian Regulatory Approach vis-à-vis the European Discourse
Authors: Sangani Karan 
Published: March 2022

The question of what amounts to ‘acquisition of control’ under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011 (SAST Regulations) remains a vexatious issue, academically as well as judicially. The controversy is further compounded in case of usage of financial derivatives to acquire creeping control of the target company. This article, while providing a theoretical account for the disclosure and inclusion of financial derivatives in the determination of an open offer trigger on a qualitative basis, traces the responses of the regulators in the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, Italy, and Germany to the usage of financial derivatives for the purposes of acquisition of de facto control of the target company. In this light, this article critiques the approach adopted by the SEBI in its determination of the trigger of the mandatory offer in the matter of New Delhi Television Limited (NDTV) in June 2018, which involved the use of financial derivatives. This article further proposes that the SEBI takeover regime ought to be overhauled to incorporate exclusive provisions regarding the disclosure and inclusion of financial derivatives in the determination of a mandatory offer trigger, if the use of derivative instruments enables the acquirer to gain effective control of the target company, in order to ensure that the Indian takeover regulations are in accordance with the regulatory practices developed by mature jurisdictions.
Acquisition of control, financial derivatives, takeover regime, minority shareholders, decoupling
Reflections on Some Emerging Issues in Tax Administration in Nigeria
Authors: A. Bukar Bagoni 
Published: March 2022

The dynamic nature of taxation requires a robust means of interpreting tax laws to accord with emerging economic realities. In Nigeria, the Tax Appeal Tribunal, as a first-line quasijudicial tax adjudication body, is gradually making its mark in the development of a clear tax jurisprudence by resolving disputes and controversies arising from the operation and administration of tax laws through purposive interpretations in line with best practices.
Tax Appeal Tribunal, Nigeria, Federal Inland Revenue Service, VAT, Companies Income Tax Act.