bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal dynamics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen: Evidenced from 2000 to 2020 in a mixed ecosystem
Authors: Khan Md. Zulfikar , Shoumik Baig Abdullah Al 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The southwestern part of Bangladesh is a highly disaster-prone area with a mixed ecosystem, which is directly affected by climate change and undergoing remarkable changes in agricultural activities that are exacerbating the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN). To study the spatial distribution of SOC and STN dynamics in such ecosystem, we chose Dacope Upazila and applied different interpolation methods, and compared them to find out the best approach to demonstrate the spatial pattern of soil carbon and nitrogen status in 2000 and 2020 and correlated them with the terrain and environmental variables. We used the SRDI soil database to obtain the SOC and STN data of the study area in 2000 and 2020. To identify the elevation, aspect, slope, land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI), we downloaded the digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite images of 2000 and 2020. The results showed that our applied interpolation methods and models did not perform well as the model efficiency (R2) was very low. Furthermore, in 2000, SOC and STN were only positively correlated with EC (p < 0.01) whereas after two decades, SOC and STN showed a positive correlation with elevation (p < 0.01), NDVI (p < 0.01), and negative correlation with NDWI (p < 0.01). In both years, SOC and STN showed a strong positive correlation at p < 0.001 with each other. Due to the poor model performance, we recommend that future researchers use extended spatial techniques coupling with environmental variables to increase the accuracy of spatial distribution for a complex ecosystem.
Plastid-localized amino acid metabolism coordinates rice ammonium tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Xuan Wei , Xie Yuanming , Lv Yuanda , Jia Letian , Zheng Lulu , Li Yonghui , Zhu Ming , Tian Mengjun , Wang Ming , Qi Weicong , Luo Long , De Gernier Hugues , Pelissier Pierre-Mathieu , Motte Hans , Lin Shaoyan , Luo Le , Xu Guohua , Beeckman Tom 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ammonium toxicity affecting plant metabolism and development is a worldwide problem impeding crop production. Remarkably, rice (Oryza sativa L) favors ammonium as its major nitrogen source in paddy fields. We set up a forward-genetic screen to decipher the molecular mechanisms conferring rice ammonium tolerance and identified the rohan mutant showing root hyper-sensitivity to ammonium due to a missense mutation in an arginine-succinate lyase-encoding gene. ROHAN localizes to plastids while its expression is induced by ammonium. ROHAN alleviates ammonium-inhibited root elongation by converting the excessive glutamine into arginine. Consequently, arginine leads to auxin accumulation in the root meristem thereby stimulating root elongation under high ammonium. Furthermore, we identified natural variation in the ROHAN allele between Japonica and Indica subspecies explaining their different root sensitivity towards ammonium. Finally, we show that ROHAN expression positively correlates with root ammonium tolerance and that nitrogen use efficiency and yield can be improved through a gain-of-function approach.
DRFENet: Toward a residual network of dilated convolution for image denoising
Authors: zhong Ruizhe , Zuo Min , Zhang Qingchuan , Yan Wenjing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Deep learning technology dominates current research in image denoising. However, denoising performance is limited by target noise feature loss from information propagation in association with the depth of the network. This paper proposes a Dense Residual Feature Extraction Network (DRFENet) combined with Dense Enhancement Block (DEB), Residual Dilated Block (RDB), Feature Enhancement Block (FEB), and Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Block (SIRB). DEB enhances the extraction of noise features in the initial stage of the network. RDB increases the effect of the concatenated dilated convolution by using skip connections to broaden the receptive field of the model. FEB connects the incoming noisy images to enhance local feature information. SIRB uses the attention block to learn the noise distribution while using residual learning (RL) technology to reconstruct a denoised image. We examined the performance of DRFENet in gray image denoising on datasets BSD68 and SET12. Then, we evaluated its color image denoising performance on datasets McMaster, Kodak24, and CBSD68. The experimental results show that the denoising accuracy of DRFENet is better than the most existing image denoising methods. The code will be posted on Github
Students Perceptions of Learning Environment in Jazan Medical School in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Essa Madani 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundStudents’ perceptions of their learning environment are important for continuous improvement of the educational environments and curriculum by defining their strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, this study aims to explore medical students’ perceptions of their learning environment at the Jazan Faculty of medicine in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. Different aspects of the educational environment were compared across year levels and gender.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University. A total of 400 medical students participated in this study, with a response rate of 83.5%. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Comparisons of the mean score of Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) subscales were calculated.ResultsFrom 334 students who submitted the questionnaire, almost equal participation of male (50.6%) and female (49.4%) students was observed. The mean total sum for each individual in all subscales is 104.9 (SD = 26.353), with male students having a mean of 100.36 (SD = 26.078), and for female students, the mean was 109.54 (SD = 25.897). The highest mean was observed among third-year female students (Mean = 115.57), and the lowest mean value was observed among fifth-year male students (Mean = 92). An examination of each of the 50 items in the DREEM inventory revealed that 26 items scored between 2.00 and 3.00, while 22 items scored less than 2.00. Those with a score of 2.00 or less were identified as problem areas in this medical school and are therefore addressed in this study. The overall score showed that the medical students’ perceptions were low. The students’ perceptions of the educational environment were not impressive for all five DREEM subscales.ConclusionAccording to the findings of the study, student perceptions of their learning environment are generally lower than expected from the faculty's perspective. Based on these findings, the study was able to identify areas that were found to be particularly problematic and, as a result, should be prioritized for improvement.
Analysis of safety and efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation
Authors: Xu Mengmeng , Liang Dingjie , Zhang Jianing , Yan Kun , Zhang Dapeng , Qian Weiqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical efficacy, safety, and related complications of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation. Methods: From June 2018 to August 2021, 36 patients with lumbar endplate inflammation underwent OLIF. There were 20 females and 16 males. Five patients had hypertension and three patients had diabetes. The complications were evaluated and treated before surgery. Patients’ medical histories were collected, and the pain visual analogue scale score (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) pain score before and after surgery were measured. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, postoperative imaging by X-ray and CT, and patient satisfaction were analyzed statistically. Results: All patients completed surgery successfully. Low back pain and leg pain were relieved significantly after surgery and there were no serious complications. During the last follow-up, bony fusion was achieved in all segments, including 34 cases of grade I fusion and 2 cases of grade II fusion. The VAS and JOA scores for low back pain and leg pain were improved significantly after surgery (P < 0.05). Thirty-three patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome and three patients was basically satisfied, so the satisfaction rate was 100.00%. Conclusion: OLIF is effective in the treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation. It has the advantages of being minimally invasive, less intraoperative bleeding, less trauma, rapid postoperative recovery, high bone fusion rate and fewer complications. It has obvious advantages in the clinical treatment of lumbar endplate inflammation and is worthy of clinical promotion.
Identification of Protective, Metabolite-producing Bacterial and Viral Consortia in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients
Authors: Orberg Erik Thiele , Meedt Elisabeth , Hiergeist Andreas , Xue Jinling , Ghimire Sakhila , Tiefgraber Melanie , Göldel Sophia , Eismann Tina , Schwarz Alix , Jarosch Sebastian , Steiger Katja , Gigl Michael , Kleigrewe Karin , Fischer Julius , Janssen Klaus-Peter , Quante Michael , Heidegger Simon , Herhaus Peter , Verbeek Mareike , Ruland Jürgen , Weber Daniela , Wolff Daniel , Edinger Matthias , Busch Dirk , Herr Wolfgang , Bassermann Florian , Gessner André , Deng Li , Holler Ernst , Poeck Hendrik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The intestinal bacteriome directly affects outcome in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Besides bacteria, fungal and viral communities as well as microbiota-derived metabolites play a role. Yet, it is still unclear how dynamic shifts in these three communities contribute to (1) clinical outcome of allo-SCT patients, (2) production of metabolites and (3) how they are affected by microbiome modulation via antibiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Here, we performed a prospective, longitudinal study that combined transkingdom (bacteria, fungi, viruses) analysis of intestinal microbial communities with targeted metabolomics in allo-SCT patients (n=78) at two different transplantation centers. We uncovered a microbiome signature of metabolite-producing bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospiraceae families and their corresponding bacteriophages, which correlated with the production of immunomodulatory metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolites associated with induction of type-I IFN signaling (IIMs) and bile acids. Sustained production of these “protective” metabolites after allo-SCT was associated with improved survival and reduced transplantation-related mortality, whereas antibiotic exposure significantly impaired metabolite expression. We demonstrate that single taxa domination and metabolite depletion in a patient suffering from graft versus host disease (GvHD) could be rescued by transfer of metabolite-producing bacterial consortia via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT led to resolution of steroid refractory GvHD and was accompanied by an increase of bacterial and viral alpha diversity, restoration of SCFAs and IIMs and accumulation of regulatory T cells to the intestine. Our study demonstrates that microbiome modulation (via antibiotics or FMT) can affect the identified bacterial/bacteriophage network and their associated protective metabolites thereby determining clinical outcomes and provides a rationale for the development of engineered metabolite-producing consortia and defined metabolite combination drugs as novel microbiome-based therapies.
Empagliflozin induced diabetes ketoacidosis: a review of literature
Authors: Shojaei Lida , Majidzadeh Kolsoom , shahbazi foroud 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 inhibitors have been proven to have positive effects on blood glucose control and decrease major atherosclerosis cardiac and renal outcomes. Diabetic ketoacidosis and genitourinary infections are two major side effects of this class. Hyper-, normo- or hypoglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis has been reported with SGLT2is. In this study, we report two cases of empagliflozin-associated diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Aim
in this narrative review we summarized cases of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 inhibitors associated diabetes ketoacidosis. First, we described two cases of empagliflozin induced diabetes ketoacidosis.
Method
Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Google scholar were searched for eligible reports during February 2022.
Results
A review on etiology, signs, symptoms, laboratory data, and treatments for diabetic ketoacidosis associated sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors are provided here.
Conclusion
Early recognition, good past medical history taking, discontinuation before/during invasive procurers and acute illness, appropriate fluid and insulin replacement therapy are cornerstones of treatment.
Role reversal in a tri-trophic prey-predator interaction system: A model-based study through the deterministic and stochastic approaches
Authors: Mortoja Sk Golam , Paul Ayan , Panja Prabir , Bhattacharya Sabyasachi , Mondal Shyamal Kumar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
It is frequently observed that the adult family of the prey species sometimes shows their predation mechanism on the juvenile member from the predator family. Ecological literature describes this phenomenon as the prey-predator role reversal dynamics. Numerous authors have witnessed and explained the biological development behind this feeding behavior. But, we have hardly found the literature to illustrate the role reversal dynamics in a precise way. In this regard, we formulate an ecological model using the standard prey-predator interactions allowing the reverse feeding mechanism. The mathematical model consists of a three-species food web structure with the common prey, intermediate, and top predator. Note that the role reversal mechanism is observed between the intermediate and top predator on the scarcity of the prey population. However, we are able to recognize the most critical parameters with their significant effect on this reverse feeding behavior. The bifurcation analysis is the major yardstick behind this identification. The proposed deterministic model is then extended to its stochastic analog by allowing the environmental influences on the tri-trophic food web structure. The stochastic setup analysis also supports the stability of this food chain structure with some restricted conditions.
Risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients: a meta- and network analysis
Authors: Kowsar Rasoul , Rahimi Amir Mohammad , Sr Magdalena , Mansouri Alireza , Sadeghi Khaled , Bonakdar Elham , Kateb Sayed Farshad , Mahdavi Amir Hossein 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Understanding the most relevant hematological/biochemical characteristics, pre-existing health conditions and complications in survivors and non-survivor will aid in predicting COVID-19 patient mortality. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted for COVID-19 mortality in PubMed, Scopus, and various preprint servers (bioRxiv, medRxiv and SSRN), with 97 observational studies and preprints, consisting of survivor and non-survivor sub-populations. This meta/network analysis comprised 19014 COVID-19 patients, consisting of 14359 survivors and 4655 non-survivors. Meta and network analyses were performed using META-MAR V2.7.0 and PAST software. Results: The study revealed that non-survivors of COVID-19 had elevated levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatinine, as well as a higher number of neutrophils. Non-survivors had fewer lymphocytes and platelets, as well as lower hemoglobin and albumin concentrations. Age, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease were shown to be the most influential risk factors among non-survivors. The most common complication among non-survivors was heart failure, followed by septic shock and respiratory failure.Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that inexpensive and fast biochemical and hematological tests, as well as pre-existing conditions and complications, can be used to estimate the risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Clinical utility of analyzing circulating tumor DNA in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Haiping , Zhang Ying , Zhang Lin , Kuang Yongbei , Li Jingyue , Sui Na 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Genotype-directed therapy is critical to the treatment strategy for advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Compared with the traditional biopsy sample, ctDNA is easier to sample and monitor in real time. Therefore, we extracted ctDNA from peripheral blood samples of 86 patients with advanced NSCLC for detection. We carried out ultra-highdepth targeted capture sequencing on seven genes. We found that 47.67% (41/86) of patients had at least one potentially manipulable variant. Of the 100 identified variants, 83 were potentially actionable variants. These single nucleotide variations, insertions, and deletions were most common in EGFR (46%), next were KRAS (26%), MET (20%), PIK3CA (15%), MAP2K1 (9%), BRAF (4%), NRAS (2%). Twelve new pathogenic mutants were identified by 12 protein function prediction algorithms. These results help us to better understand the mutation of NSCLC.
Right top pulmonary vein is a venous anomaly of which surgeons should be aware in subcarinal dissection for thoracoscopic esophagectomy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Sato Yuta , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Ohno Shinya , Endo Masahide , Okumura Naoki , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Takahashi Takao , Saiki Takuya , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: A right top pulmonary vein (RTPV) that crosses behind the right main or intermediate bronchus, is a variation of the superior posterior pulmonary vein in the right upper lobe. Damage or ligation of this abnormal vessel can lead to massive intraoperative bleeding and serious complications, such as congestion of the posterior segment of the right upper lobe and cardiac tamponade. Subcarinal lymph node dissection is mandatory in radical thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, and the RTPV is an anomalous vessel of which thoracic surgeons should be aware. Case presentation: A 70-year-old man underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (T3N1M0). An anomaly of the superior posterior pulmonary vein in the right lobe was recognized on preoperative computed tomography imaging. With simulation and intraoperative navigation using three-dimensional imaging of the same view as that observed during the operation, radical subcarinal dissection could be performed with preservation of the RTPV. Conclusion: In our review of the relevant literature, the incidence of RTPV ranged from 0.28 to 9.3%, and its mean vascular diameter was 7.0 mm at the maximum and 2.2 ± 0.72 mm at the minimum, with the right superior pulmonary vein being a relatively common inflow site. Our case in which the RTPV ran dorsal to the right main bronchus is very rare. In radical subcarinal dissection of thoracoscopic esophagectomy, it is important to recognize the posterior pericardial plane and release the ventral fixation of these lymph nodes to free space for the back side. This is also true in the case of RTPV, which should be noted to avoid injury. In cases involving an RTPV larger than 4.5 mm, ligation should be avoided, and preoperative recognition of the exact run of this abnormal vessel using three-dimensional imaging can be very useful.
Synthesis of PVA/Fe3O4@SiO2@CPS@SID@Ni as novel magnetic fibrous composite polymer nanostructures and evaluation of anticancer and antimicrobal activity
Authors: Moghaddam-manesh Mohammadreza , Sargazi Ghasem , Roohani Mehdi , Zanjani Nooshin Gholipour , Khaleghi Mahroo , Hosseinzadegan Sara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Novel PVA/Fe3O4@SiO2@CPS@SID@Ni magnetic fibrous composite polymer (PVA/MFCP) were synthesized and its structure by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and thermal behavior were confirmed. Anticancer properties of synthetic PVA/Fe3O4@SiO2@CPS@SID@Ni (MFCP) were evaluated by MTT method on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and IC50 119 µg/ml was observed at 48 hours. Antibacterial and antifungal properties of the synthesized MFCP nanostructures based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were tested and the results proved in some cases have better effect than commercial drugs.
Creatinine levels on admission are main modulators of COVID-19 severity
Authors: Nader Moni , Zmerli Omar , Platt Daniel E. , Hamdan Hamdan , Hamdash Salwa , Tayeh Rami Abi , Azar Jad , Kadi Diana , Sultan Youssef , Bazarbachi Taha , Karayakoupoglou Gilbert , Zalloua Pierre , Azar Eid 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic claimed millions of lives worldwide without clear signs of abating. There have been tremendous interests in understanding the etiology of the disease particularly in what makes it fatal in certain patients. Methods: This study investigated 819 COVID-19 patients admitted to the COVID-19 ward at a tertiary care center in Lebanon and evaluated their vital signs and biomarkers while probing for two main outcomes: intubation and fatality. Results: Correlation analysis of various comorbidities revealed that hypertension, diabetes, being overweight, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, and gender are independent risk factors for both intubation and fatality. Shortness of breath, age and being overweight correlated with intubation while fatality correlated with shortness of breath in our group of patients. Elevated level of serum creatinine was the highest correlating factor with fatality, while both white blood count and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase levels emerged as independent risk factors for intubation. Conclusions: Collectively our data show that high creatinine levels are significantly associated with fatality in our COVID-19 study patients, underscoring the importance of kidney function as a main modulator of SARS-CoV-2 morbidity and favor a careful management of patients with elevated creatinine levels on admission.