bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA INDEKS LQ 45 TAHUN 2021
Authors: Sudarman La , Ida Wa Ode 
Published: October 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability (ROA, ROE and NPM) on stock returns in companies listed on the LQ 45 Index. Using survey research with qualitative descriptive methods. The sample used in the study was 45 companies listed on the LQ 45 Index in 2020. The sampling technique used census techniques, and the data analysis technique used multiple linear analysis with the help of the SPSS version 20 software application. Based on the results of the data analysis used, it was found that partial ROA affects stock returns, ROE affects stock returns and NPM affects stock returns. Simultaneously profitability (ROA, ROE and NPM) affect stock returns. The R Square value of profitability has an effect on stock returns of 51.4% and the remaining 49.6% is influenced by other variables not included in this study
Transmetatarsal Amputations: Outcomes of Primary Healing versus Secondary Healing
Authors: Cormier Clare , Janes Zachary , Boumendjel Yelena , Grady John F. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Transmetatarsal amputations are limb salvage surgical procedures that preserve limb length and functional ankle joints. Indications for transmetatarsal amputations include forefoot trauma, infection, and ischemia. Prior research demonstrates patients who undergo transmetatarsal amputations have a lower 2-year mortality rate compared to those who undergo more proximal amputations. The aim of this study was to determine whether primary closure of a transmetatarsal amputation is a superior treatment compared to secondary healing of a transmetatarsal amputation for forefoot abnormality of infection, gangrene, or chronic ulceration.
Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients aged 18 years or older requiring a transmetatarsal amputation because of forefoot abnormality between September of 2011 and December of 2019. Foot and ankle surgeons performed transmetatarsal amputations. Outcome variables measured included healing time of transmetatarsal amputation site, recurrent infection, recurrent gangrene, and the need for revision surgery or higher level amputations.
Results: Of the original 112 patients, 76 met the inclusion criteria; 47 of these had primary closure of transmetatarsal amputation and 29 of these had an open transmetatarsal amputation performed. Primarily closed transmetatarsal amputations resulted in a significantly greater overall healing rate of 78.8% (37 of 47) compared to open transmetatarsal amputations, with a healing rate of 37.9% (11 of 29) (P < .01). Closed transmetatarsal amputations were statistically significantly less likely than open transmetatarsal amputations to have recurrent gangrene, require revision pedal operations, or progress to higher level amputations.
Conclusions: Our research demonstrated that primary closure of transmetatarsal amputations is a superior treatment compared with secondary healing of transmetatarsal amputations in specific cases of infection, dry gangrene, or chronically nonhealing ulcerations.
IMPACTO DEL GÉNERO, EL NIVEL SOCIOECONÓMICO Y LA ESCUELA EN LAS DESTREZAS DE ESPAÑOL DE LOS ESTUDIANTES PUERTORRIQUEÑOS
Authors: Morales-Reyes Alexandra , Pérez Vargas José C. , Rolke Wolfgang , Siberón Jessimar 
Published: October 2022

El estudio de los idiomas en Puerto Rico se ha centrado en el efecto que tienen los factores de nivel macro (ej. políticas lingüísticas) en las competencias lingüísticas de los puertorriqueños. Estos factores se han vinculado al pobre desempeño de los estudiantes del sistema público. Sin embargo, los factores a nivel micro (ej., género, nivel socioeconómico y escuela) han sido en gran medida desatendidos, a pesar de que juegan un rol importante en las habilidades lingüísticas. El presente estudio busca subsanar la falta de datos sobre el impacto de los micro-factores en los estudiantes puertorriqueños. Evaluamos los efectos del género, el nivel socioeconómico y la escuela en las destrezas de español de los estudiantes del sistema público de educación. Analizamos datos de la Medición y Evaluación para la Transformación Educativa (META). La muestra comprende de 21,425 estudiantes del grado 11º distribuidos en 194 escuelas. Los análisis estadísticos revelan que existe una brecha lingüística por género y nivel socioeconómico. Además, sugieren que la efectividad de la escuela y la composición de la población escolar tienen una función mitigadora en las diferencias por género y nivel socioeconómico. Proponemos que, aunque la escuela, en algunos casos, sí parece cumplir una función compensatoria, la efectividad de la escuela parece estar estrechamente ligada a las condiciones socioeconómicas de sus estudiantes.
Palabras clave: género; nivel socioeconómico; escuela; desempeño lingüístico; estudiantes; brechas académicas
Species level mapping of a seagrass bed using an unmanned aerial vehicle and deep learning technique
Authors: Tahara Satoru , Sudo Kenji , Yamakita Takehisa , Nakaoka Masahiro 
Published: October 2022

Background
Seagrass beds are essential habitats in coastal ecosystems, providing valuable ecosystem services, but are threatened by various climate change and human activities. Seagrass monitoring by remote sensing have been conducted over past decades using satellite and aerial images, which have low resolution to analyze changes in the composition of different seagrass species in the meadows. Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have allowed us to obtain much higher resolution images, which is promising in observing fine-scale changes in seagrass species composition. Furthermore, image processing techniques based on deep learning can be applied to the discrimination of seagrass species that were difficult based only on color variation. In this study, we conducted mapping of a multispecific seagrass bed in Saroma-ko Lagoon, Hokkaido, Japan, and compared the accuracy of the three discrimination methods of seagrass bed areas and species composition, i.e., pixel-based classification, object-based classification, and the application of deep neural network.

Methods
We set five benthic classes, two seagrass species (Zostera marina and Z. japonica), brown and green macroalgae, and no vegetation for creating a benthic cover map. High-resolution images by UAV photography enabled us to produce a map at fine scales (<1 cm resolution).

Results
The application of a deep neural network successfully classified the two seagrass species. The accuracy of seagrass bed classification was the highest (82%) when the deep neural network was applied.

Conclusion
Our results highlighted that a combination of UAV mapping and deep learning could help monitor the spatial extent of seagrass beds and classify their species composition at very fine scales.
Gene expression profiles for in vitro human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts: a systematic review
Authors: Zainal Ariffin Shahrul Hisham , Lim Ker Wei , Megat Abdul Wahab Rohaya , Zainal Ariffin Zaidah , Rus Din Rus Dina , Shahidan Muhammad Ashraf , Johari Anis Nabilah , Zainol Abidin Intan Zarina 
Published: October 2022

Background
There have been promising results published regarding the potential of stem cells in regenerative medicine. However, the vast variety of choices of techniques and the lack of a standard approach to analyse human osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation may reduce the utility of stem cells as a tool in medical applications. Therefore, this review aims to systematically evaluate the findings based on stem cell differentiation to define a standard gene expression profile approach.

Methods
This review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of the study was conducted by retrieving articles from the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science to identify articles focussed on gene expression and approaches for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.

Results
Six articles were included in this review; there were original articles of in vitro human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts that involved gene expression profiling. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was the most used technique for gene expression to detect differentiated human osteoblasts and osteoclasts. A total of 16 genes were found to be related to differentiating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.

Conclusion
Qualitative information of gene expression provided by qPCR could become a standard technique to analyse the differentiation of human stem cells into osteoblasts and osteoclasts rather than evaluating relative gene expression. RUNX2 and CTSK could be applied to detect osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, while RANKL could be applied to detect both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This review provides future researchers with a central source of relevant information on the vast variety of gene expression approaches in analysing the differentiation of human osteoblast and osteoclast cells. In addition, these findings should enable researchers to conduct accurately and efficiently studies involving isolated human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Signal peptidase 21 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the PTEN-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Na , Cao Shiguang , Sun Ruiying , Wang Yibei , Liu Luna , Wang Wei , Meng Xia 
Published: October 2022

Background
In a previous study, a total of 568 differentially expressed proteins including the signal peptidase SPC21 were identified from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and paired normal lung tissues. In this study, the role of SPC21 in LUAD progression was investigated.

Methods
The relationships and protein-protein interaction network of proteins differentially expressed between paired LUAD samples and adjacent normal tissues samples were identified via the String and Pajek software, respectively. The expression levels of the hub protein SPC21 were analyzed in 84 LUAD-normal paired tissues via immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of SPC21 mRNA was investigated in 478 LUAD patients from TCGA and GTEx datasets. siRNAs were used in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells to knockdown SPC21. The SPC21 biological function was evaluated using the CCK-8, EdU, plate colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and adhesion assays.

Results
Patients with lower SPC21 mRNA levels tended to have worse prognosis (overall survival) than those with higher mRNA levels. SPC21 expression was significantly downregulated in LUAD tumor tissues compared with that in paired normal tissues (P < 0.001). Functionally, SPC21 knockdown promoted cell growth, migration, and invasion. Further analyses showed that SPC21 inactivated Akt signaling, and the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 blocked the tumor-promoting effects of SPC21 knockdown.

Conclusions
SPC21 plays a tumor suppressor role in LUAD cells by targeting the PTEN-PI3K/Akt axis and might be used as a prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in LUAD patients.
An Analysis of the Pattern of Farmer’s Income in Gopalganj District: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Mina Md. Abdul Gani , Rahman Zubaidur , Mahmuda Sayda , Islam Md. Johurul , Bhuiyan Md. Nobi Alam , Hossain Bayejid 
Published: October 2022

Aims: Although the income of the people of other sectors in the economy is relatively stable but the income of farmers are comparatively unstable. In addition, most of the previous studies analyzed partially the determinants of farmer’s income.Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate the pattern of farmers’ income in Gopalganj district of Bangladesh.
Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in Gopalganj district of Bangladesh where 10 unions, 20 villages and 400 respondents were selected randomly. Data were collected during the period from January to May in 2022.
Methodology: A multistage sampling technique was applied for the study where district and upazilas were selected purposively while unions, villages and respondents were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Primary data were collected from 400 farmers using a well-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and the log linear regression model were used as the analytical tools.
Results: Result found from the descriptive statistics indicates that mean age of the respondents was 49.02 years whereas average educational attainment of the farmers in the study area was 5.72. In regards to the farming experience, it is found that average farming experience of the farmer was 5.07 years with maximum and minimum values were 25 years and 3 years, respectively. Regarding the household size of the respondents, the study showed that the mean family member was 4.82 with a standard deviation of 1.02. The study also indicates that 35.12% average income of the farmer obtained from non-farm sources while 64.88% average income obtained from farm sources.In regards to the farm income, it is found from the regression analysis that farm income is positively related with age, household size, education, farm size, agricultural training, access to credit facilities, membership of agricultural cooperative and distance to nearest market whereas the same is influenced by non-farm income. The findings suggest that variables like household size, education, household expenditure, access to internet and access to technical and vocational training has positive impact on non-farm income. In contrast, variables like age, farm size, distance from town, farm income have negative impact on non-farm income of the respondents in the study area. Finally, some policy recommendations are made based on the findings obtained from the study.
Molecular Characterization of Land Races of Rice by Using SSR Markers (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Deepika C. , Devaraju P. J. , Patted Vinay S. , Niranjan K. , Kumar H. D. Mohan 
Published: October 2022

The study was conducted to use thirty one rice land races for characterized the genetic diversity analysis at Seed Unit, UAHS, Shivamogga. The SSR markers (25 SSR markers) were used for the assessment of genetic diversity and relatedness among 31 rice landraces and all of them were found polymorphic. Twenty five SSR markers revealed 50 alleles in the 31 land races, the number of alleles per locus with an average of 2 per locus. Major allele frequency ranged from 0.58 (RM 25) to 0.94 (RM 229) with an average of 0.74 per marker. The PIC (polymorphism information content) value ranged from 0.12 (RM 229) to 0.66 (RM 481 and RM 25) with an average of 0.36 per marker. The PIC value of each marker, which was evaluated on the basis of its alleles, varied greatly all tested SSR loci-from 0.58 to 0.94 with an average of 0.74. The highest PIC value 0.49 was obtained for RM481 and RM25, followed by RM443 (0.47), RM224 (0.46) RM 159, RM 1054, RM226 and RM24 (0.44). Remaining markers were showed less PIC value. Lower PIC value result of closely related landraces and higher PIC values result of diverse landraces. The dendrogram based on UPGMA grouped the 31landraces into 10 clusters that were demarcated at a similarity coefficient of 0.68. Cluster III was the largest including 13 land races followed by cluster VI and II each of which had four and three land races respectively. The remaining clusters had one and two landraces each.
Risperidone in the treatment of psychoses in the elderly: a case report series
Authors: Bullock R. , Libretto S. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryRisperidone is one of the newer atypical antipsychotic agents, which combines potent serotonin and dopamine receptor antagonism. It shows efficacy against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic psychoses and other psychotic conditions, and has a low propensity to cause extrapyramidal side effects. The aim of these case reports in elderly patients is to provide the benefit of personal experience with risperidone to the body of published literature and to demonstrate the types of patients that may benefit from treatment. These cases were compiled retrospectively from data collected on referral and during routine hospital appointments. This series covers four main areas of concern when treating the elderly: low-maintenance dosing minimising the likelihood of adverse events; successful treatment of patients previously uncontrolled and experiencing side effects with other antipsychotics; the possibility of intermittent rather than continuous treatment; and the benefits to patients, carers and the health services. At low doses, risperidone is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for psychoses in elderly patients that improves the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers.
Dean Vortex Membrane Microfiltration and Diafiltration of rBDNF E.coliInclusion Bodies
Authors: Schutyser Maarten , Rupp Randall , Wideman Janusz , Belfort Georges 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCross‐flow microfiltration (CMF) and diafiltration were used to concentrate and purify recombinant Brain‐Derived Neutrophic Factor (rBDNF) inclusion bodies from an E. coli cell suspension and a homogenized E. coli cell suspension (homogenate/lysate). Although these processes have been tested industrially in pilot scale with conventional linear membrane microfiltration modules, their performances were severely limited due to membrane fouling. The purpose of this work was to determine whether Dean vortex microfiltration with controlled centrifugal instabilities (Dean vortices produced in helical flow) could be used to improve filtration performance over that observed with conventional linear cross‐flow microfiltration (CMF). For the microfiltration experiments with the feeds containing cell and homogenate suspensions, improvements in flux of about 50 and 70%, respectively, were obtained with the helical module as compared with that obtained with the linear module. For diafiltration with the homogenate suspension as feed, solute transport (as measured by mass) was from 100 to 40% higher after 40 and 100 min, respectively, with the helical module as compared with that obtained with the linear module. In the presence of the neutral surfactant, Tween 20, solute transport for diafiltration was at least 25 times higher during the first 10 min of operation and 100% higher after 300 min with the helical module as compared with that obtained with the linear module. Clearly, improved filtration performance, a purer and more concentrated product, and substantial savings can be expected with the new Dean vortex filters.
Purification and Identification of an Escherichiacoli β‐Keto Ester Reductase as 2,5‐Diketo‐d‐gluconate Reductase YqhE
Authors: Habrych Malgorzata , Rodriguez Sonia , Stewart Jon D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn NADPH‐dependent enzyme that reduces ethyl 2‐methylacetoacetate stereoselectively to ethyl (2 R)‐methyl‐(3 S)‐hydroxybutanoate was purified 730‐fold from Escherichia coli. The N‐terminal amino acid sequence data obtained from the purified reductase were used to search the E. coli genome, and a single match was found at the start of the yqhE open reading frame. The YqhE protein had been identified previously by Yum et al. as a 2,5‐diketo‐d‐gluconate reductase on the basis of sequence similarity to other bacterial homologues [Yum, D.‐Y.; Lee, B.‐Y.; Pan, J.‐G. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1999, 65, 3341–3346]; however, it had not been examined for β‐keto ester reductions. Our results thus link a key enzyme in the microbial production of ascorbate with stereoselective β‐keto ester reductions, two important fields in biocatalysis. The purified YqhE reductase accepts ethyl acetoacetate and a variety of 2‐substituted derivatives, and its sequence is similar to other aldose reductase superfamily members that also reduce α‐substituted β‐keto esters to syn‐(2 R,3 S) alcohols.
Bioreactor Production of Human α1‐Antitrypsin Using Metabolically Regulated Plant Cell Cultures
Authors: Trexler Melody M. , McDonald Karen A. , Jackman Alan P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTransgenic rice cell cultures, capable of producing recombinant human α1‐antitrypsin (rAAT), were scaled up from shake flasks to a 5‐L bioreactor. The maximum specific growth rates (μmax) observed from two bioreactor runs were 0.40 day−1(doubling time of 1.7 days) and 0.47 day−1(doubling time of 1.5 days), and the maximum specific oxygen uptake rates were 0.78 and 0.84 mmol O2/(g dw h). Using a metabolically regulated rice α‐amylase (RAmy3D) promoter, signal peptide, and terminator, sugar deprivation turned on rAAT expression, and rAAT was secreted into the culture medium. After 1 day of culture in sugar‐free medium, there was still continued biomass growth, oxygen consumption, and viability. Extracellular concentrations of 51 and 40 mg active rAAT/L were reached 1.7 and 2.5 days, respectively, after induction in a sugar‐free medium. Volumetric productivities for two batch cultures were 7.3 and 4.6 mg rAAT/(L day), and specific productivities were 3.2 and 1.6 mg rAAT/(g dw day). Several different molecular weight bands of immunoreactive rAAT were observed on immunoblots.
Chromatography for Rapid Buffer Exchange and Refolding of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Hamaker Kent H. , Liu Jiyin , Seely Robert J. , Ladisch Christine M. , Ladisch Michael R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA DEAE‐cellulose stationary phase in a rolled configuration was used to separate recombinant secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (rSLPI) from denaturants and reducing agents (3 M guanidine‐HCl and 5 mM DTT) in less than 5 min to promote refolding of the protein to an active form. The mobile phase consisted of buffer and 500 mM NaCl, where NaCl suppressed binding of protein to this stationary phase. Separation of an initial concentration of 2 mg/mL protein from the other constituents resulted in 96% recovery of the rSLPI at an average concentration of 1.28 mg/mL. When incubated for 4 h at 20 °C, the fractionated rSLPI gave a 46% yield of properly refolded protein. The protein concentration was 6.4 times higher than that reported in a previously published method, where refolding was carried out by diluting the mixture of protein, denaturants, and reducing agents by a factor of 10. The results show that a combination of rapid chromatographic separation over a cellulosic stationary phase followed by protein refolding will significantly enhance process throughput by minimizing tankage, water requirements, and process time.
Stereological estimates of nuclear star volume and vessels as predictors of chemotherapy response in small cell carcinoma of the lung: a preliminary report
Authors: Caporrino C , Saldiva P H N , Farhat C A V , Takagaki T Y , Younes R N , Capelozzi V L 
Published: July 2002

AimsThis study was designed to evaluate the role of morphometric and clinical parameters in predicting chemotherapy responder patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung.Methods and resultsMorphometric studies were performed by means of point counting techniques. Forty‐six patients were included in this study. Group 1 patients (n = 19) were those without response to chemotherapy; Group 2 (n = 27) was composed by patients with partial or complete response to chemotherapy. Logistic regression analysis was used to attain the best separation of non‐responder from responder patients. Star volume of the nuclei and vessel were selected during the backward procedure as relevant variables to characterize the two groups of patients. The overall sensitivity of the model was 80.4 3%.ConclusionsOur results indicate that histopathological data may help to predict the chemotherapy response in patients with small cell lung carcinoma, and encourage the use of morphometric procedures in histopathological analysis of this type of lung tumours.