bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower functional hippocampal connectivity in healthy adults is jointly associated with higher levels of leptin and insulin resistance
Authors: Haas Shalaila S. , Myoraku Alison , Watson Kathleen , Robakis Thalia , Frangou Sophia , Abbasi Fahim , Rasgon Natalie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic dysregulation is currently considered a major risk factor for hippocampal pathology. The aim of the present study was to characterize the influence of key metabolic drivers on functional connectivity of the hippocampus in healthy adults.MethodsInsulin resistance was directly quantified by measuring steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test and fasting levels of insulin, glucose, leptin, and cortisol, and measurements of body mass index and waist circumference were obtained in a sample of healthy cognitively intact adults (n = 104). Resting-state neuroimaging data were also acquired for the quantification of hippocampal functional cohesiveness and integration with the major resting-state networks (RSNs). Data-driven analysis using unsupervised machine learning (k-means clustering) was then employed to identify clusters of individuals based on their metabolic and functional connectivity profiles.ResultsK-means clustering identified two clusters of increasing metabolic deviance evidenced by cluster differences in the plasma levels of leptin (40.36 (29.97) vs. 27.59 (25.58) μg/L) and the degree of insulin resistance (SSPG concentration: 161.63 (65.27) vs. 125.72 (66.81) mg/dL). Individuals in the cluster with higher metabolic deviance showed lower functional cohesiveness within each hippocampus and lower integration of posterior and anterior components of the left and right hippocampus with the major RSNs. The two clusters did not differ in general intellectual ability or episodic memory.ConclusionsWe identified two clusters of individuals differentiated by abnormalities in insulin resistance, leptin levels, and hippocampal connectivity, with one of the clusters showing greater deviance. These findings support the link between metabolic dysregulation and hippocampal function even in nonclinical samples.
Informative prior on structural equation modelling with non-homogenous error structure
Authors: Olalude Oladapo A. , Muse Bernard O. , Alaba Oluwayemisi O. 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: This study investigates the impact of informative prior on Bayesian structural equation model (BSEM) with heteroscedastic error structure. A major drawback of homogeneous error structure is that, in most studies the underlying assumption of equal variance across observation is often unrealistic, hence the need to consider the non-homogenous error structure. Methods: Updating appropriate informative prior, four different forms of heteroscedastic error structures were considered at sample sizes 50, 100, 200 and 500. Results: The results show that both posterior predictive probability (PPP) and log likelihood are influenced by the sample size and the prior information, hence the model with the linear form of error structure is the best. Conclusions: The study has been able to address sufficiently the problem of heteroscedasticity of known form using four different heteroscedastic conditions, the linear form outperformed other forms of heteroscedastic error structure thus can accommodate any form of data that violates the homogenous variance assumption by updating appropriate informative prior. Thus, this approach provides an alternative approach to the existing classical method which depends solely on the sample information.
Burnout and anxiety levels in human medicine teachers, COVID-19 context
Authors: Morales Ramos Jorge Guillermo , Picón Pérez María Susana , Manayay LLaguento Freddy Albaro , Reynosa Navarro Enaidy 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: In the COVID-19 context, university teachers have had to face the most complex educational demands, psychosocial risks, and the anxiety of responding to limitations in terms of connectivity and fulfillment of academic objectives. To identify the levels of Burnout and anxiety in the COVID-19 context and determine how these levels are manifested in the participating teachers. Methods: This was an analytical non-experimental, cross-sectional study. The population was 150 teachers of the Human Medicine Program of the University of San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru, and the sample was 66 teachers. The survey consisted of three sections: 1. Informed consent, 2. Maslach's Burnout Inventory, 3. Beck's Anxiety Inventory. Data processing was performed using the SPSS V.27 statistical software and all citations and bibliographical references were processed using Mendeley Desktop 1.19.8. Results: In the variable burnout syndrome, 25% of the participants were in the high level downwards; they present anxiety in 30.30% of the total. It was found that 50% of teachers presented mild to moderate anxiety. Conclusions: the largest number of teachers surveyed present anxiety due to burnout syndrome in the COVID-19 context. Finally, it is found that there is a correlation between anxiety and the sociodemographic variables sex, age, and marital status.
Case Report: ASI intervention on a child with autism in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhalifah Shahad , Allen Susan , Aldhalaan Hesham 
Published: May 2022

Background: Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) is widely employed by occupational therapists working with clients who experience challenges in sensory integration, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is a dearth of research examining the feasibility of ASI outside of Western nations. This study documented the barriers associated with ASI in Saudi Arabia and assessed whether the intervention could improve process and participation skills. Methods: Single-Subject experimental design was used. The participant was a 4-year-old girl with ASD from Saudi Arabia. Data were gathered on sensory processing, motor skills, and participation in activities of daily living. The study used semi-structured interviews and assessments (Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests, the Sensory Processing Measure-Preschool, and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2) to develop goals, identify outcome measures, and plan an ASI intervention. Results: Despite the limited availability of resources (e.g., toys, treatment spaces) and Arabic measures, improvements were observed on motor and sensory tasks and in occupational performance. Conclusion: ASI that adheres to the ASI fidelity tool can be of value for Saudi Arabian children with ASD. Additionally, the study provides a stepping-stone to further research for occupational therapists in Saudi Arabia working with children with ASD.
Immunohistological features of the collagen formation in ovaries of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy on different gestational terms
Authors: Kupriianova L. , Ivanchenko S. 
Published: May 2022

The comprehensive study on the fetal ovaries allowed us to disclose main features of the collagen synthesis in different organ’s components relatively to the gestational term of fetus. We have studied the ovaries’ structure in case of fetuses, who died both antenatally and intranatally. The mothers of fetuses, according to the medical documentation, were healthy. As a reason of the fetuses death we can name an acute violation of the utero-placental as well as placental-fetal circulation. According to the specific features of the organs’ development, all fetuses were divided into groups: 21-28 weeks, 29-36 weeks, 37-40 weeks. The research methods: macroscopic, morphometric, histological, immunohistochemical, statistical.
We have described a histological structure of the ovaries as well as we have postulated, that this structure corresponds completely with the physiological norm in every term of gestation. By applying the immunohistochemical method we have postulated, that the collagen of the I type prevails in the collagen structure of the connective tissue of fetal organs. It is manifested as an intensive glow. As the same time, the collagen of the III type is manifested as the small foci of moderate intensity. There are two types of collagens in the walls of blood vessels: IV and III ones. Moreover, we can preferably notice the collagen of the IV type. The collagen of the III type, at the same time, is manifested by foci with a low intensity of glow. All specific features of the collagen formation in the structure of the connective tissue, that were described above, are the same with ones which are corresponding with the physiological norm. The histological and immunohistochemical features of the ovaries’ structure, in case of fetuses from the study groups, could be applied as a comparison in a study on the organs’ structure in case of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy.
A RELAÇÃO “PANDEMIA” E “CUIDADOS COM A BELEZA”: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE O COMENTÁRIO DA JORNALISTA AINSLEY EARHARDT NO PROGRAMA “FOX & FRIENDS” E SUA REPERCUSSÃO NA OPINIÃO PÚBLICA
Authors: Oliveira Hadassa Guimarães , Veríssimo Jorge Domingos Carapinha 
Published: May 2022

No início de março de 2020, quando a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou o estado de pandemia causada por um novo coronavírus, o SARS-CoV-2, a maioria dos países adotou medidas restritivas de proteção da população, tal como a recomendação do isolamento social. O presente artigo tem como objetivo, portanto, analisar o comentário da jornalista norte-americana Ainsley Earhardt, do programa “FOX & Friends”, a respeito da restrição imposta às mulheres de irem aos salões de beleza “arrumar os cabelos e fazer as unhas” durante o primeiro confinamento ocasionado pela pandemia do novo coronavírus, e observar a repercussão de sua fala na Opinião Pública. A partir dos conceitos de priming ‒ a relação entre o acontecimento/evento e o seu alvo ‒ e de Opinião Pública, duas etapas foram estabelecidas como métodos desta análise: 1- Análise Crítica do Discurso da jornalista; 2- Análise Crítica do Discurso de comentários selecionados no Twitter sobre a autora. Como resultado, foi observado que a fala de Earhardt ocasionou desconforto entre os telespectadores, dando margem a uma importante reflexão a respeito das prioridades e necessidades humanas básicas de bem-estar e saúde.
PESQUISA-AÇÃO: PREMISSAS E ENCONTROS PARA CONSTRUÇÃO ARTESANAL NA PRÁTICA REFLEXIVA
Authors: Bernaldino Elizângela de Souza , Da Costa Xavier Gicelma Claudia , Pedreira Bueno José Lucas , Henrich de Barba Clarides 
Published: May 2022

A pesquisa teve por objetivo refletir sobre os pressupostos teóricos, práticos e metodológicos que norteiam o processo investigativo da pesquisa-ação, estabelecendo associações com os encontros, premissas e caminhos para construção artesanal na prática reflexiva. Adotou-se como base metodológica, a análise bibliográfica sistemática de 06 (seis) obras de estudiosos com leitura corrente no campo da Educação para fins de estudo das aproximações teóricas e metodológicas da pesquisa-ação com a prática reflexiva. Como resultados: o traço social, empírico e qualitativo foi associado como premissa metodológica; a participação coletiva, reflexão crítica, tomada de consciência, postura dialógica, escuta sensível, alteridade e a empatia corroboram com a garantia do rigor científico. Em síntese, os encontros da pesquisa-ação com o ideal de artesanato intelectual ampliam o debate e a reflexão em torno das possibilidades e caminhos metodológicos para a construção artesanal pautada na mudança, intervenção e transformação da ação pedagógica.
Der Chief Information Officer als Forschungsgegenstand: Ein Blick zurück auf vier Jahrzehnte Forschung und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Perspektiven
Authors: Kratzer Simon , Strahringer Susanne , Westner Markus 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungTrotz der Relevanz und des Reifegrads des Forschungsbereichs Chief Information Officer (CIO) gibt es nur wenige Studien, die den aktuellen Wissensstand objektiv und umfänglich zusammenfassen. Die vorliegende Arbeit schließt diese Forschungslücke und präsentiert eine umfassende Literaturübersicht über das CIO-Forschungsfeld unter Verwendung der Hauptpfadanalyse. Anhand einer quantitativen und qualitativen Analyse von 438 Forschungsbeiträgen werden die zentralen Arbeiten in der CIO-Forschung und verschiedene Forschungsrichtungen identifiziert. Es zeigt sich, dass sowohl etablierte Forschungsrichtungen, wie z. B. ‚Entwicklung der CIO-Rolle‘ und ‚Hierarchische Position und Beziehungen des CIOs‘, als auch neu entstehende Forschungsrichtungen, wie z. B. ‚CIO als Business Enabler‘, wachsende Aufmerksamkeit auf sich ziehen. Auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse werden vielversprechende weitere Wege auf dem Gebiet der CIO-Forschung aufgezeigt, z. B. solche, die den Einfluss neuerer Technologien untersuchen.
Reducing social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Assessing the contribution of courtesy phone calls by volunteers
Authors: Normandin Louise , Wong Caroline , Dumez Vincent , Malas Kathy , Grégoire Alexandre , Grégoire Julie , Pettigrew Lise , Allanot Nicolas , Vialaron Cécile , El Mansali Sabrina Anissa , Nguyen Christine , Brunet Fabrice , Pomey Marie-Pascale 
Published: May 2022

Context
During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were imposed on visits in hospitals in the province of Quebec, Canada in an effort to reduce the risk of viral exposure by minimizing face-to-face contact in order to protect patients, visitors and staff. These measures led to social isolation for patients. In order to reduce this isolation, CHUM (the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, a teaching hospital) shifted from in-person visits to courtesy telephone calls delivered by volunteers from CHUM’s Volunteers, Recreation and Leisure Department.

Objectives
To study: (1) the contribution made by these calls to reducing isolation and their limitations, (2) how the calls can be improved, and (3) whether they should be maintained, based on the views of patients and volunteers.

Methodology
This study examined two populations. The first one consisted of 189 adult patients hospitalized at CHUM who received a courtesy phone call from a volunteer and the second one consisted of the 25 CHUM volunteers who made these calls. Quantitative data were collected from patients and volunteers through questionnaires and a Smartsheet. The patient questionnaire evaluated isolation, the courtesy phone calls, the relationship of trust with the volunteer and sociodemographic questions. The volunteer questionnaire evaluated the appropriateness of the technology for the intervention, the support and training received, the impacts of the courtesy phone call on both the patients and the volunteers, an experience report and sociodemographic information. In addition, a focus group was held with 7 volunteers. Then the verbatim were transcribed and analyzed using QDA miner software.

Results
From April 27, 2020 to September 5, 2020 more than 11,800 calls were made, mainly concerning hospitalization conditions or home follow-ups (n = 83), and relationships with relatives, friends, and family (n = 79). For 73.6% of hospitalized patients, the courtesy calls from volunteers were a good response to their needs, and 72% of volunteers agreed. 64.5% of patients felt less isolated and 40% of volunteers felt useful.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that patients felt less isolated during their hospitalization because of the courtesy calls made by the volunteers, that smartphones could also be used for video calls and, finally, that maintaining this type of service seems as relevant after as during a pandemic to provide social interactions to people isolated for medical reasons.
Associations between microbial communities and key chemical constituents in U.S. domestic moist snuff
Authors: Tyx Robert E. , Rivera Angel J. , Satten Glen A. , Keong Lisa M. , Kuklenyik Peter , Lee Grace E. , Lawler Tameka S. , Kimbrell Jacob B. , Stanfill Stephen B. , Valentin-Blasini Liza , Watson Clifford H. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Smokeless tobacco (ST) products are widely used throughout the world and contribute to morbidity and mortality in users through an increased risk of cancers and oral diseases. Bacterial populations in ST contribute to taste, but their presence can also create carcinogenic, Tobacco-Specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs). Previous studies of microbial communities in tobacco products lacked chemistry data (e.g. nicotine, TSNAs) to characterize the products and identify associations between carcinogen levels and taxonomic groups. This study uses statistical analysis to identify potential associations between microbial and chemical constituents in moist snuff products.

Methods
We quantitatively analyzed 38 smokeless tobacco products for TSNAs using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and nicotine using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moisture content determinations (by weight loss on drying), and pH measurements were also performed. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbial composition, and additionally measured total 16S bacterial counts using a quantitative PCR assay.

Results
Our findings link chemical constituents to their associated bacterial populations. We found core taxonomic groups often varied between manufacturers. When manufacturer and flavor were controlled for as confounding variables, the genus Lactobacillus was found to be positively associated with TSNAs. while the genera Enteractinococcus and Brevibacterium were negatively associated. Three genera (Corynebacterium, Brachybacterium, and Xanthomonas) were found to be negatively associated with nicotine concentrations. Associations were also investigated separately for products from each manufacturer. Products from one manufacturer had a positive association between TSNAs and bacteria in the genus Marinilactibacillus. Additionally, we found that TSNA levels in many products were lower compared with previously published chemical surveys. Finally, we observed consistent results when either relative or absolute abundance data were analyzed, while results from analyses of log-ratio-transformed abundances were divergent.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the simple shoulder test in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Shousha Tamer , Alowais Fatima , Arumugam Ashokan 
Published: May 2022

Background
The Simple Shoulder Test (SST) is a simple and short patient-reported outcome measuring functional limitations of the affected shoulder in patients with shoulder dysfunction. Although it is widely used in different clinical cultures, literature review to date revealed that the SST has not been yet translated nor validated in the Arabic language.

Research objectives
To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Arabic version of the Simple Shoulder Test (SST).

Methodology
A forward-backward translation method was adopted. One hundred and forty-one patients with shoulder pain were recruited for psychometric analysis based on the inclusion criteria. The test–retest reliability of the Arabic SST (ASST), pain, disability and total scores were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The construct validity of the ASST was tested by Spearman rank coefficients through comparing the Arabic SST scores to the severity of shoulder pain measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Arabic version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Internal consistency was assessed by the Cronbach’s alpha.

Findings
One hundred and forty participants (60 males and 80 females) with a mean (Standard Deviation) age of 39.3 (4.9) years participated in the study. The ICCs for score of ASST were reported high; pain 0.84 (0.78–0.93), disability 0.96 (0.93–0.97) and total score 0.95 (0.91–0.97). Similarly, the Cronbach α values for the ASST scores were also of high values with regards to pain (0.89), disability (0.94), and total score (0.97) respectively. Comparing the scores between the first and the second use of the ASST revealed no statistically significant mean differences of -1.9 (95% CI—3.61 to 0.17).

Conclusion
The Arabic-translated version of the SST showed high reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity based on substantial correlations of the ASST with Arabic SPADI and VAS. We recommend the Arabic version of the SST for the evaluation of Arabic-speaking patients with shoulder dysfunction.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study
Authors: Park Ju-Young , Yoo Joonsang , Jeon Jimin , Kim Jinkwon , Kang Sangwook 
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION:
We investigated cardiovascular risk due to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment using a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study design, a type of case-only design and an approach to overcome between-person confounding in which individuals act as their own control.

METHODS:
We conducted an SCCS study using the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort in Korea (2002–2015). The cohort included 303,404 adult participants without prior cardiovascular events, who were followed up until December 2015. The primary outcome was a composite of stroke or myocardial infarction. The SCCS method estimated the age-adjusted incidence rate ratio between periods with and without exposure to PPI among patients with primary outcomes. As sensitivity analysis, conventional multivariable Cox proportional regression analyses were performed, which treated the exposure to PPI and H2 blocker during follow-up as time-dependent variables.

RESULTS:
In the SCCS design, 10,952 (3.6%) patients with primary outcomes were included. There was no association between PPI exposure and primary outcome (incidence rate ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.09). In the time-dependent Cox regression analyses, both PPI (adjusted hazard ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.24–1.49) and H2 blocker (adjusted hazard ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.38–1.55) were associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome.

DISCUSSION:
Negative findings in the SCCS design suggest that association between increased cardiovascular risk and PPI, frequently reported in prior observational studies, is likely due to residual confounding related to conditions with PPI treatment, rather than a true relationship.
Bez Ludwika i panny służącej. Projekty nowoczesnych kuchni jako zwierciadło przemian roli kobiet w poodwilżowej Polsce
Authors: Szydłowska Agata 
Published: May 2022

The development of a post-Stalinist modern kitchen in Poland was informed by the activities of different individual and institutional actors: experts in ‘professional’ home engineering, architects and designers and modernist taste-makers. The image of the model kitchen is surprisingly coherent: a rational laboratory kitchen, where the housewife’s work is orchestrated according to Taylorism-inspired rules that aim at reducing the burden of domestic chores and introducing modern and hygienic equipmentand attitudes. The discourse, inspired by similar discussions in Europe and United States, mainly by the works of Swedish Research Institute, reflects the prewar ideas of kitchen-laboratories and ‘home engineering’. What’s new and different is the temporal (limited to a short post-Thaw period) enthusiasm for open-plan kitchens presented as spaces where a housewife can seamlessly perform two duties at the same time: housework and care work. This phenomenon mirrors changing attitudes towards women’s roles in society which, in the post-Stalinist period, were marked by ongoing conservatism. Drawing on the concept of a ‘mediation junction’ and the historical production-consumption-mediation paradigm in design, the article traces changing attitudes towards women’s roles in society, reflected both in popular and professional discourses on kitchen design.