bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, selective decoration and photocrosslinking of self‐immolative poly(thioester)‐PEG hydrogels
Authors: Soars Shafer M. , Kirkpatrick Bruce E. , Fairbanks Benjamin D. , Kamps Joshua T. , Anseth Kristi S. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐immolative polymers are a class of polymers that undergo linear depolymerization of the main chain, often triggered by a single initial degradation event. Chain‐unzipping immolation processes followed by low‐ceiling‐temperature polymers yield regenerated monomers, demonstrating the remarkable potential of these polymers in the development of reversible and recyclable materials. In this work, we describe the synthesis of an amino‐acid‐derived poly(thioester) self‐immolative polymer with pendent functional groups allowing for selective decoration of the polymer backbone with solubilizing and reactive functional groups for subsequent post‐polymerization modification. Crosslinking norbornene‐functionalized, water‐soluble derivatives of these polymers via the thiol‐ene photoclick reaction yielded mechanically robust hydrogels within 15 s of light exposure. These networks were capable of immolation in response to deprotonation of an end‐capping thiol, unzipping along the poly(thioester) backbone to yield constituent monomers and larger molecular weight crosslinker fragments. Finally, degelation rates were controlled with pH and temperature in aqueous buffers. At physiological pH and temperature, complete degradation of approximately 20 wt% hydrogels was observed after 16 h, and raising the buffer pH to 10 resulted in network dissolution within 5 h. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Development and validation of a sensitive and reliable targeted metabolomics method for the quantification of cardiovascular disease‐related biomarkers in plasma using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Wang Xiangyi , Huang Jianpeng , Zhu Ying , Zhang Ruiping , He Jiuming , Abliz Zeper 
Published: March 2022

RationaleCardiovascular disease, as a multifactorial disease caused by genetics and environment, has emerged as a leading cause of mortality. The discovery of metabolic biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis, early warning and elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, using metabolomics, has attracted broad interest. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a sensitive and reliable targeted metabolomics method for the quantification of cardiovascular disease‐related biomarkers in plasma.MethodsThe method was developed and validated using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography augmented with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS). The LC conditions and MS parameters were optimized using selected reaction monitoring scanning mode to high‐throughput and sensitive separation, and could detect 20 metabolic biomarkers in a single experiment. And the linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, stability and recovery of the developed method were assessed according to the Bioanalytical Method Validation guidelines of the United States Food and Drug Administration.ResultsThese quantified metabolic biomarkers are involved in pathways such as aromatic amino acid catabolism (e.g. phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine), trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) biosynthesis (e.g. TMAO, choline, carnitine, betaine) and histidine metabolism (e.g. histidine), among others. All analytes exhibited excellent linearities with coefficients of determination greater than 0.99. Accuracies deviated by less than 15% for medium‐ and high‐concentration samples and less than 20% for low‐concentration samples, with intra‐ and inter‐day precisions of 1.12–14.12% and 0.30–13.74%, respectively. Recoveries and stabilities also met the analysis requirements of biological samples.ConclusionsThe targeted metabolomics method was shown to have a powerful ability to accurately analyze metabolic biomarkers, thereby providing valuable information for large‐scale biomarker validation and clarifying the potential material basis of cardiovascular disease for clinical diagnosis or early warning.
Delayed post‐pneumonectomy empyema necessitans caused by Aspergillus flavus: An unusual report
Authors: Hakamifard Atousa , Gharedaghi Babak , Tabarsi Payam , Shokouhi Shervin , Negahban Halimeh , Sharifynia Somayeh , Dorudinia Atosa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPost‐pneumonectomy empyema (PPE), with or without bronchopleural fistula, is a challenging and serious entity with significant mortality and morbidity. PPE is usually caused by bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci and also gram‐negative rods. Among fungal pathogens, Aspergillus species is a very rare cause of this entity. Herein, we describe an unusual case of delayed post‐pneumonectomy empyema necessitans caused by Aspergillus flavus in a 65‐year‐old man with favourable clinical outcome by combined surgical and antifungal therapy.
The coping insights evident through self‐reflection on stressful military training events: Qualitative evidence from self‐reflection journals
Authors: Falon Samantha Leigh , Hoare Scott , Kangas Maria , Crane Monique Frances 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that adaptive forms of self‐reflection on stressor events and insight may strengthen resilient capacities. However, the coping insights that emerge during self‐reflection are notoriously under‐researched. In this research, we sought to explore the evidence for the self‐reflective activities and coping insights drawn from the Self‐Reflection and Coping Insight Framework and find evidence of new reflections or insights not captured within the framework. Qualitative analysis was used to examine weekly, written self‐reflective journals completed by Officer Cadets involved in a randomised‐controlled trial of Self‐Reflection Resilience Training. Sixty‐eight Officer Cadets who submitted their journals for analysis were included. Journals were analysed using a deductive thematic approach. Findings revealed that self‐reflective activities occurred frequently over the course of the intervention. Coping insights were comparatively less frequent, but conveyed complex ideas about the self in the context of stressor exposure, broad principles about stress and coping, and nuanced interpretations regarding the interaction between the efficacy of coping approaches and broader contextual and intrapersonal factors. These findings demonstrate the critical role of coping insight during Self‐Reflection Resilience Training, with implications for developing a validated self‐report measure of self‐reflective activity and coping insight.
Performance of Thermal Interface Materials
Authors: Chung D.D.L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe thermal interface materials (TIMs) used for improving thermal contacts are considered in terms of the performance, performance consideration criteria, performance evaluation methods, and material development approaches. The performance is described mainly by the thermal contact conductance, which refers to the conductance across the thermal contact surfaces that sandwiches the TIM. This conductance depends on the conformability, thermal conductivity, and small‐thickness feasibility. However, the vast majority of published work does not consider this conductance, but only the thermal conductivity within the TIM. The highest TIM performance is exhibited by the thermal pastes and low‐melting alloys.
Secretory Fluid‐Aggregated Janus Electrospun Short Fiber Scaffold for Wound Healing
Authors: Qian Shutong , Wang Juan , Liu Zhimo , Mao Jiayi , Zhao Binfan , Mao Xiyuan , Zhang Liucheng , Cheng Liying , Zhang Yuguang , Sun Xiaoming , Cui Wenguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExudate management is critical to improve chronic wound healing. Herein, inspired by a Janus‐structured lotus leaf with asymmetric wettability, a Janus electrospun short fiber scaffold is fabricated via electrospinning technologies and short fiber modeling. This scaffold is composed of hydrophilic 2D curcumin‐loaded electrospun fiber and hydrophobic 3D short fiber via layer‐by‐layer assembly and electrostatic interactions which can aggregate the wound exudate by pumping from the hydrophobic layer to the hydrophilic via multiple contact points between hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers, and simultaneously trigger the cascade release of curcumin in the upper 2D electrospun fiber. The 3D short fiber with high porosity and hydrophobicity can quickly aggregate exudate within 30 s after compounding with hydrophilic 2D electrospun fiber via a spontaneous pump. In vitro experiments show that Janus electrospun short fiber has good biocompatibility, and the cascade release of curcumin can significantly promote the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. In vivo experiments show that it can trigger cascade release of curcumin by aggregating wound exudate, so as to accelerate wound healing process and promote collagen deposition and vascularization. Hence, this unique biometric Janus scaffold provides an alternative for chronic wound healing.
Compressive membrane action in axially restrained hollow core slabs: Experimental investigation
Authors: Thienpont Thomas , De Corte Wouter , Van Coile Ruben , Caspeele Robby 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen a concrete slab is excessively loaded due to an accidental event, compressive membrane action can be activated in order to generate an alternative load transfer to the remaining supports, which can considerably enhance the load‐carrying capacity. This can increase the structural reliability of the components, delay or even prevent a progressive collapse and consequently increase the robustness of concrete structures. Although the beneficial effects of compressive membrane action in reinforced concrete slabs have been recognized for decades, only limited research has been focusing on this effect in prestressed concrete members, like hollow core slabs. Therefore, a novel real‐scale test set‐up has been developed in order to assess this phenomenon in real‐scale hollow core slabs. The results indicate that, despite the presence of the large hollow cores, compressive membrane action can significantly improve the load‐carrying capacity of hollow core slabs under excessive loading. In parallel, a numerical finite element model has been established in order to model the structural behavior (i.e., compressive membrane action) as per the investigated test program. The model was able to correlate the results from the experiments very well, and emphasized the large influence of the concrete tensile strength on the ultimate failure load of concrete hollow core slabs in compressive membrane action.
Citrus lemon mediated green synthesis of ZnTiO3 nanospheres for the degradation of petrochemical wastewater
Authors: Joy Merlin , Chandrasekharan Gayathri , Khan Mohammad Ahmed , Arunachalapandi Murugan , Chellapandi Thangapandi , Harish Deepak , Chitra Devarajulu , Roopan Selvaraj Mohana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere is a significant need for high‐performance catalysts capable of degrading harmful petrochemical waste for wastewater treatment. The biosynthetic approach is employed here for preparing ZnTiO3 nanospheres. In the present investigation, lemon extract was used for synthesizing the above nanospheres. ZnTiO3 nanospheres were further characterized by XRD, UV‐Vis DRS, PL Spectra, BET, SEM‐EDAX, TEM, AFM, and Zeta Potential techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalyst was tested against real wastewater samples from the petrochemical industry. 96.74% wastewater degradation was observed with ZnTiO3 nanospheres. Moreover, GC‐MS was employed for identical analysis of organic pollutants before and after petrochemical treatment. This study shows how to make cost‐effective and environmentally friendly catalysts that can be used to use UV light for wastewater treatment more effectively.
Whole brain radiotherapy combined with intrathecal liposomal cytarabine for leptomeningeal metastasis—a safety analysis and validation of the EANO-ESMO classification
Authors: Iglseder Sarah , Nowosielski Martha , Bsteh Gabriel , Muigg Armin , Heugenhauser Johanna , Mayer Elke , Grams Astrid , Stockhammer Günther , Nevinny-Stickel Meinhard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although there is no proven standard therapy for leptomeningeal metastases (LM), treatment often includes intrathecal chemotherapy combined with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Little is known about the toxicity of such combination therapies. We performed a retrospective safety analysis for the combination of intrathecal liposomal cytarabine with WBRT in patients with LM and validated the EANO-ESMO (European Association of Neuro-oncology—European Society for Medical Oncology) classification in this unique cohort.

Methods
Treatment toxicities in patients diagnosed with LM between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed according to RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) toxicity criteria and NCI CTCAE V5.0 (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 5.0). Diagnostic criteria and treatment response as assessed by EANO-ESMO classification were correlated with survival by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Breslow test.

Results
In all, 40 patients with LM who were treated with combined WBRT and intrathecal cytarabine, were identified. Ten patients (25%) experienced adverse events ≥grade 3 according to RTOG toxicity criteria; in 22 patients (55%) NCI CTCAE ≥grade 3 were detected. Median overall survival was 124 days. Median time to neurological progression was 52 days. Patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology (n = 26) showed worse prognosis compared to patients with negative CSF cytology (n = 14; mOS (median overall survival) 84 days versus 198 days, p = 0.006, respectively). The EANO-ESMO response assessment was significantly associated with survival: “stable” (n = 7) mOS 233 days, “response” (n = 10) mOS 206 days, “progression” (n = 17) mOS 45 days, “suspicion of progression” (n = 6) mOS 133 days; overall, p < 0.001.

Conclusions
In this retrospective analysis, combined treatment of WBRT and intrathecal liposomal cytarabine shows an acceptable safety profile and may indicate a trend towards improved efficacy. The EANO-ESMO classification for diagnosis and treatment response predicts survival.
Local dose rate effects in implantable cardioverter–defibrillators with flattening filter free and flattened photon radiation
Authors: Gauter-Fleckenstein Benjamin , Tülümen Erol , Rudic Boris , Borggrefe Martin , Polednik Martin , Fleckenstein Jens 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In the beam penumbra of stereotactic body radiotherapy volumes, dose rate effects in implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) may be the predominant cause for failures in the absence of neutron-generating photon energies. We investigate such dose rate effects in ICDs and provide evidence for safe use of lung tumor stereotactic radioablation with flattening filter free (FFF) and flattened 6 Megavolt (MV) beams in ICD-bearing patients.

Methods
Sixty-two ICDs were subjected to scatter radiation in 1.0, 2.5, and 7.0 cm distance to 100 Gy within a 5 × 5 cm2 radiation field. Radiation was applied with 6 MV FFF beams (constant dose rate of 1400 cGy/min) and flattened (FLAT) 6 MV beams (430 cGy/min). Local dose rates (LDR) at the position of all ICDs were measured. All ICDs were monitored continuously.

Results
With 6 MV FFF beams, ICD errors occurred at distances of 1.0 cm (LDR 46.8 cGy/min; maximum ICD dose 3.4 Gy) and 2.5 cm (LDR 15.6 cGy/min; 1.1 Gy). With 6 MV FLAT beams, ICD errors occurred only at 1 cm distance (LDR 16.8 cGy/min; 3.9 Gy). No errors occurred at an LDR below 7 cGy/min, translating to a safe distance of 2.5 cm (1.5 Gy) in flattened and 7 cm (0.4 Gy) in 6 MV FFF beams.

Conclusion
A LDR in ICDs larger than 7 cGy/min may cause ICD malfunction. At identical LDR, differences between 6 MV FFF and 6 MV FLAT beams do not yield different rates of malfunction. The dominant reason for ICD failures could be the LDR and not the total dose to the ICD. For most stereotactic treatments, it is recommended to generate a planning risk volume around the ICD in which LDR larger than 7 cGy/min are avoided.
Treatment and outcomes of anticoagulated geriatric trauma patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage after falls
Authors: Nederpelt Charlie J. , Naar Leon , Meier Karien , van Wijck Suzanne F. M. , Krijnen Pieta , Velmahos George C. , Kaafarani Haytham M. A. , Rosenthal Martin G. , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Emergency physicians and trauma surgeons are increasingly confronted with pre-injury direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The objective of this study was to assess if pre-injury DOACs, compared to vitamin K antagonists (VKA), or no oral anticoagulants is independently associated with differences in treatment, mortality and inpatient rehabilitation requirement.

Methods
We performed a review of the prospectively maintained institutional trauma registry at an urban academic level 1 trauma center. We included all geriatric patients (aged ≥ 65 years) with tICH after a fall, admitted between January 2011 and December 2018. Multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling for demographics, comorbidities, vital signs, and tICH types were performed to identify the association between pre-injury anticoagulants and reversal agent use, neurosurgical interventions, inhospital mortality, 3-day mortality, and discharge to inpatient rehabilitation.

Results
A total of 1453 tICH patients were included (52 DOAC, 376 VKA, 1025 control). DOAC use was independently associated with lower odds of receiving specific reversal agents [odds ratio (OR) 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.54] than VKA patients. DOAC use was independently associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.36–7.28). VKA use, but not DOAC use, was independently associated with inhospital mortality, or discharge to hospice care (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.15–2.27) compared to controls. VKA use was independently associated with higher odds of discharge to inpatient rehabilitation (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.06–1.87) compared to controls.

Conclusion
Despite the higher neurosurgical intervention rates, patients with pre-injury DOAC use were associated with comparable rates of mortality and discharge to inpatient rehabilitation as patients without anticoagulation exposure. Future research should focus on risk assessment and stratification of DOAC-exposed trauma patients.
Work intensity and quality of life can be restored following double-level osteotomy in varus knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ihle Christoph , Dorn Julia , Ateschrang Atesch , Baumgartner Heiko , Herbst Moritz , Döbele Stefan , Histing Tina , Schröter Steffen , Ahrend Marc-Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQL) and work intensity following double-level knee osteotomy (DLO). It was hypothesized that postoperative HRQL would be comparable to that of the general population and that work intensity can be restored in the short term.

Methods
Twenty-four patients (28 varus knees; mechanical tibiofemoral angle: −11.0 ± 3.0° (−6.0 to −17.0), age: 49.1 ± 9.5 (31–65) years) who underwent DLO were included. The duration the patients were unable to work was evaluated. HRQL was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire, which consists of a physical (PCS) and mental component summary score (MCS). The pre- to postoperative changes in the PCS and MCS were analysed. The PCS and MCS were also compared to those of the general population, who has a reference score value of 50 points. The work intensity measured with the REFA classification and the Tegner activity scale were assessed preoperatively and at the final postoperative follow-up examination (18.0 ± 10.0 (5–43) months).

Results
The duration that the patients were unable to work was 12.2 ± 4.4 (6–20) weeks. The PCS improved from 32.1 ± 11.3 (14.5–53.3) preoperatively to 54.6 ± 8.5 (25.2–63.7) (p < 0.001) at the final follow-up, and the MCS improved from 53.9 ± 11.1 (17.1–67.7) to 57.2 ± 3.1 (47.3–61.7) (n.s). The preoperative PCS was significantly lower than the reference score of the general population (p < 0.001), whereas the preoperative MCS was similar between the two groups (n.s.). At follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the PCS and the MCS of the patient group and those of the general population. Five patients who were unable to work prior to surgery due to knee symptoms returned to work with moderate (four patients) or even very heavy (one patient) workloads. The Tegner activity scale increased significantly from a median of 2.0 (0.0–5.0) to 4.0 (2.0–7.0) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate an improvement in quality of life and return to working activity following DLO in the short term. The HRQL can be improved by DLO in patients with varus knee osteoarthritis to the level of the general population. These results can assist surgeons in discussing realistic expectations when considering patients for DLO.

Level of evidence
Study type: therapeutic, IV.
Comparison of two questionnaires to diagnose obstructive defecation syndrome during pregnancy and post-natally
Authors: Sentance Joanne , Stocking Katie , Edmondson Richard J. , Kearney Rohna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisObstructive defecation syndrome (ODS) is a common urogynaecology presentation. This study compares two questionnaires, the electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire (e-PAQ), used in urogynaecology clinics, with the ODS-Score (ODS-S), a simple validated scoring system used in colorectal clinics for diagnosing ODS, to identify patients with an ODS-S cut-off ≥9.MethodsA total of 221 paired ODS-S and e-PAQ questionnaires were completed; 80 during the second trimester of pregnancy, 73 during the third and 68 post-natally, including women sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI). e-PAQ score and ODS-S were compared and Pearson’s correlation coefficient calculated. Areas under the curve assessed the diagnostic ability of e-PAQ scores to identify patients with ODS-S of ≥9.ResultsThe e-PAQ and ODS-S scores showed a positive correlation in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, post-natally and following OASI. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated (0.77;p < 0.001, 0.79;p < 0.001, 0.66;p = 0.001 and 0.79;p < 0.001 respectively). An e-PAQ evacuatory domain score of ≥33 identified women with an ODS score of ≥9 with a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 94% in the second trimester, 86% and 95% third trimester and 78% and 97% in the OASI group respectively. Area under the curve was >0.90 for all groups.ConclusionsComparison of e-PAQ evacuatory domain scores and ODS-S show a strong correlation, with an e-PAQ score of ≥33 promising for identifying women with an ODS score of ≥9, indicating ODS. This study will enable us to identify women during pregnancy and post-natally with ODS for whom early recognition and intervention may be beneficial.
The emperor has no clothes: OAB can be cured surgically
Authors: Petros Peter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe paper by Karjalainen et al., who reviewed 2,933 pelvic organ prolapse surgeries, showed 75% cure for “bothersome” urge urinary incontinence (UUI), is more than an “Aha” moment; it is an “Emperor has no clothes” moment. Since 1976, a convention of “no surgery” for women with UUI (now overactive bladder, OAB) has become almost an article of faith. Yet, surgical cure of OAB has been known since 1997, when this journal published the first urodynamically controlled study with 20-month data: 86% cure for UUI, 85% for frequency, 80% for nocturia following pubourethral ligament (PUL) and uterosacral ligament (USL) sling repair in 85 women. This study was followed by many other publications over the years recording OAB cure. It is not that even a small fraction of the 600 million women on the planet will now undergo surgery, or that damaged ligaments are the only cause of OAB. However, knowing OAB can be cured opens the door for young creative minds to bring hope and relief to these women non-surgically, as well as surgically.