bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing degradation kinetics of mRNAs and half-lives of microRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs in blood in vitro using quantitative PCR
Authors: Wang Chong , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRNAs are rapidly degraded in samples and during collection, processing and testing. In this study, we used the same method to explore the half-lives of different RNAs and the influencing factors, and compared the degradation kinetics and characteristics of different RNAs in whole blood and experimental samples. Fresh anticoagulant blood samples were incubated at room temperature for different durations, RNAs were extracted, and genes, including internal references, were amplified by real-time quantitative PCR. A linear half-life model was established according to cycle threshold (Ct) values. The effects of experimental operations on RNA degradation before and after RNA extraction were explored. Quantitative analysis of mRNA degradation in samples and during experimental processes were explored using an orthogonal experimental design. The storage duration of blood samples at room temperature had the greatest influence on RNA degradation. The half-lives of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was 16.4 h. The half-lives of circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were 24.56 ± 5.2 h, 17.46 ± 3.0 h and 16.42 ± 4.2 h, respectively. RNA degradation occurred mainly in blood samples. The half-life of mRNAs was the shortest among the four kinds of RNAs. Quantitative experiments related to mRNAs should be completed within 2 h. The half-lives of circRNAs and lncRNAs were longer than those of the former two.
Intimate relationships among actinomycetes and mycolic acid-containing bacteria
Authors: Kato Manami , Asamizu Shumpei , Onaka Hiroyasu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCo-culture is an efficient strategy for natural product discovery. We have used mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB) Tsukamurella pumonis TP-B0596 to induce secondary metabolism by actinomycetes and have found several natural products. We also observed that MACB attached to the mycelium of Streptomyces lividans forming coaggregates during combined-culture. This stimulated interest in the interactions among actinomycetes and MACB, and we found that soil isolated cultures contained a mixture of actinomycetes and MACB. Our previously observed interactions were the result of selective screening and combination of bacteria in the lab, which warranted investigation of the existence of these interactions in the natural soil environment. Therefore, in this paper, we report the interaction between a co-isolated natural pair of actinomycetes and MACB in terms of morphology and metabolic changes. A natural pair of actinomycetes and MACB co-aggregated in liquid culture and showed metabolic changes. Interestingly, co-aggregated actinomycetes and MACB were re-isolated from soil with no obvious morphological colony differences from the colony of a single strain. The results demonstrate that there is a stochastic chance of picking colonies containing co-aggregated actinomycetes and MACB, which suggests that the pair can exist in co-aggregate form in the soil environment and interact with each other.
Experimentally measuring weak fracture toughness anisotropy in graphene
Authors: Feng Shizhe , Cao Ke , Gao Yue , Han Ying , Liu Zhanli , Lu Yang , Xu Zhiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe two-dimensional nature of graphene offers a number of interesting mechanical properties. Amongst these, fracture toughness has received substantial interest, yet computational works have not reached a consensus regarding anisotropy in its fracture energy when graphene is loaded in armchair or zigzag directions. Here, we resolve the steps involved during fracture of graphene by carrying out in situ tensile tests. Embryo cracks nucleated from the graphene edges are observed to deflect into major cracks with local kinking features, as explained by an evolving stress intensity factor during crack advance. Extended finite element analysis with the maximum energy release rate criterion is used to model the fracture process. We determine a weak degree of anisotropy in the fracture toughness, Gc(armchair)/Gc(zigzag), of 0.94, which aligns with previous predictions from first-principles calculations and observed growth kinetics of graphene crystals in experiments.
Active disturbance rejection control for hydraulic systems with full‐state constraints and input saturation
Authors: Xu Zhangbao , Sun Chuanbin , Yang Mingxing , Liu Qingyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInput saturation and disturbances often exist in hydraulic systems, reducing internal state stability and tracking response performances of the system as well as complicating the design of advanced non‐linear controllers. A practical method named active disturbance rejection controller is proposed by backstepping method for full‐state constrained hydraulic systems to constrain tracking errors in the desired boundaries and deal with input saturation as well as disturbances. To achieve the previously mentioned objectives, the disturbance compensation strategy and dynamic auxiliary systems are integrated into the barrier Lyapunov theory for the first time. It is proved that all states of hydraulic systems are kept within the ultimate boundaries with satisfactory dynamic performance and high steady‐state accuracy. In addition, when disturbances are constants, asymptotic tracking is theoretically achieved. The performance of the control strategy is verified by experimental results.
Adaptively weighted learning method for magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Li Min , Lee Zehao , Zhang Zhuo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn magnetic resonance fingerprinting, every fingerprint evolution is the combined result of multiple intrinsic parameters (such as T1 and T2) and system parameters. Present learning‐based methods do not fully take into consideration of the diversity of parameters, which averages multiple parameters estimation loss. Because of the non‐linear coupling nature between fingerprint evolutions and multiple parameters, different parameters have different contributions to the pattern of fingerprints. Even for the same parameter, different value ranges have different contributions to the fingerprints. During the learning processing, neglecting the diversity of parameters induces over fitting or out fitting of the network. To solve this problem, an adaptively weighted learning method is proposed. Taking the estimation uncertainty of each parameter as its weight, a weighted loss function is constructed to train the network. The weights of different parameters compete to obtain the optimal learning direction. Reconstructed fingerprints with 10% random noise is applied to train the network, and the fingerprints with different noise levels (5%–10%) are used to validate the robustness of the network. The results of simulation experiments show that the proposed method obtains better performance in terms of estimation accuracy and precision.
Cooperative adaptive inertial control for PV and energy storage units with multiple constraints
Authors: Meng Jianhui , Sun Yuhan , Wang Yi , Zhao Penghui , Liu Bao , Wang Kairang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVirtual synchronous generator (VSG) control for increasing inverter‐based sources is characterized by attractive features such as supporting virtual inertia, flexible design, and enhancing frequency stability. However, the performance and status of each VSG unit lead to differences in the inertial support capabilities. This paper investigates a cooperative adaptive inertial control method for multiple photovoltaic and energy storage units (PV‐ESUs) to improve system inertia distribution capability during transient events. The frequency discrimination of power disturbances is realized through filters, and the operating ranges of different types of energy storage devices are determined. For the coordination problem with each VSG unit under low‐frequency disturbance. The coordination controller, which regulates virtual inertia values by using technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) evaluation algorithm, is proposed to adaptively adjust the inertial output capability of each VSG unit and provide optimized dynamic frequency support to the grid. The state of charge (SOC) of energy storage, converter adjustable capacity, the maximum adjustable output power of the system per unit time, and other influence factors are considered as actual multiple operation constraints. Finally, the effectiveness and engineering application value of the proposed control strategy is verified by the hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) experimental test platform.
The Implication of Aquaporin-9 in the Pathogenesis of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Ölmez Fatma , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil , Can Esra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective This study aimed to detect aquaporin-9 (AQP9) concentrations in the serum of patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and compare them with the healthy control group with intact membranes.Material and methods We conducted this prospective case-control study from March 2021 to August 2021. Of the 80 pregnant patients included in the study, we enrolled 42 singleton pregnant patients with PPROM as the study group and 43 healthy gestational age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy pregnant women with intact fetal membranes as the control group. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics, complete blood count and biochemical parameters, and serum AQP9 concentrations of the participants. We constructed an ROC curve to illustrate the sensitivity and specificity performance characteristics of AQP9 and calculated a cutoff value by using the Youden index.Results Maternal serum AQP-9 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with PPROM (804.46±195.63 pg/mL) compared to the healthy pregnant women in the control group (505.97±68.89 pg/mL, p<0.001). When we examine the area under the ROC curve (AUC), the AQP-9 value can be reflected as a statistically significant parameter for diagnosing PPROM. According to the Youden index, a 654.78 pg/mL cut-off value of AQP-9 can be utilized to diagnose PPROM with 80.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity.Conclusion Maternal serum AQP9 concentrations were significantly higher in PPROM patients than healthy pregnant women with an intact membrane. We suggest that AQP9 might be an essential biomarker of the inflammatory process and energy homeostasis in PPROM.
Going beyond the pandemic: ‘next generation eu’ and the politics of sub-regional coalitions
Authors: Fabbrini Sergio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe article aims to explain the 2020 approval of ‘Next Generation EU’, the program for helping the EU member states to go beyond the pandemic. The approval of NG-EU is interpreted in the context of a confrontation between three distinct interstate coalitions, coordinating a group of countries from the north (the Frugal coalition) against the core of continental countries (the Solidarity coalition) and then a group of countries from the east (the Sovereignty coalition) against the previous two coalitions allied together. Based on the discursive institutionalism’s approach, the article reconstructs the policy discourse shared by the members of each coalition, coherently utilized along the fault lines which conceptually structured the 2020 policy-making process. The policy coherence and the organizational consistency of the three coalition cores affected the EU policy-making process more than the inter-institutional relations between the Commission and national governments. The article concludes advancing arguments for interpreting the sub-regional segmentation of the EU.
Development of a transient complex impedance measurement device used in quasi-isentropic compression experiments
Authors: Zhou Zhongyu , Gu Zhuowei , Tan Fuli , Zhao Jianheng , Sun Chengwei , Liu Cangli 
Published: May 2022

A complex impedance measurement device with a short response time and high noise immunity is presented in this paper. The device based on a radio-frequency reflectometer was specially developed for electro-physical property investigations of materials in quasi-isentropic compression experiments. The maximum operating frequency of the device is up to 600 MHz for reducing intense low-frequency noises. Meanwhile, an off-line signal processing code was developed to improve the response time of the device to less than 10 ns. Using the device, the complex impedance and electrical conductivity of water compressed by an explosive-driven magnetic flux compression generator were measured, and an abrupt change in the complex impedance of water caused by a liquid–solid transition was directly observed under intense electromagnetic interference.
Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution in nucleobases: Excitation of NH stretching vibrations in adenine–uracil + H2O
Authors: Ree J. , Kim Y. H. , Shin H. K. 
Published: May 2022

Redistribution of vibrational energy in the adenine–uracil base pair is studied when the base pair undergoes an intermolecular interaction with an overtone-bending vibration excited H2O(2νbend) molecule. Energy transfer is calculated using the structural information obtained from density functional theory in the solution of the equations of motion. Intermolecular vibrational energy transfer (VET) from H2O(2νbend) to the uracil–NH stretching mode is efficient and rapidly followed by intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) resulting from coupling between vibrational modes. An important pathway is IVR carrying energy to the NH-stretching mode of the adenine moiety in a subpicosecond scale, the energy build-up being sigmoidal, when H2O interacts with the uracil–NH bond. The majority of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the base pair and H2O are weakened but unbroken during the ultrafast energy redistribution period. Lifetimes of intermolecular HB are on the order of 0.5 ps. The efficiency of IVR in the base pair is due to near-resonance between coupled CC and CN vibrations. The resonance also exists between the frequencies of H2O bend and NH stretch, thus facilitating VET. When H2O interacts with the NH bond at the adenine end of the base pair, energy flow in the reverse direction to the uracil–NH stretch is negligible, the unidirectionality discussed in terms of the effects of uracil CH stretches. The energy distributed in the CH bonds is found to be significant. The IVR process is found to be nearly temperature independent between 200 and 400 K.
Accelerating ethics, empathy, and equity in geographic information science
Authors: Nelson T. A. , Goodchild M. F. , Wright D. J. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
There has been a groundswell in the support needed to center ethics, empathy, and equity in scientific thought and practice. Drawing on our experience from GIScience, our goal is to accelerate ethical, empathetic, and equitable scientific practices. Many of the opportunities and challenges we outline are broadly applicable and will stimulate the conversations needed to accelerate transformation of science practice and culture. With an emphasis on practical suggestions for reshaping science, we invite all scientists to join in a fundamentally different approach. This paper is a step toward mobilizing the scientific community toward ethics, empathy, and equity by inviting humility, broader measures of excellence and success, diversity in our networks, and the creation of pathways to inclusive education.
Cortical basis for skilled vocalization
Authors: Cerkevich Christina M. , Rathelot Jean-Alban , Strick Peter L. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
We examined the cortical control of a laryngeal muscle that is essential for vocalization in two monkey species that differ in their vocal motor skill. Our results suggest that enhancements in vocal skill are coupled to enlargements in the descending output from two premotor areas, ventral area 6 (area 6V) and the supplementary motor area (SMA). This result challenges the view that improvements in motor skills are due largely to changes in the output from the primary motor cortex.
Addendum: A note on spin two fields in curved backgrounds (2007 Class. Quantum Grav.

24 1683)
Authors: Deser S , Henneaux M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Some time ago, we showed that a weak (linear) massless spin two wave could only propagate on a Ricci-flat or Ricci-constant background: it must necessarily be a perturbation of general relativity. This was just the continuation of the higher spin chain: massless s = 3/2 also required Ricci-flatness (which is the basis of supergravity) while s > 2 needs Riemann flatness. This note, entitled ‘higher spin m ≠ 0 excitations on curved backgrounds and cosmological supergravity’, re-analyzes the problem in a perhaps more physical way: by considering massless and—only apparently—massive small excitations and showing how their parameters relate to the cosmological constant. We will thus prove, in a simple physical way, the necessity, as well as the sufficiency, of the known supergravity results.
Implementation of a generalized precession parameter in the RIFT parameter estimation algorithm
Authors: Henshaw Chad , O’Shaughnessy Richard , Cadonati Laura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the initial discovery of gravitational waves in 2015, significant developments have been made towards waveform interpretation and estimation of compact binary source parameters. We present herein an implementation of the generalized precession parameter ⟨χ
p⟩ [Gerosa et al 2021], which averages over all angular variations on the precession timescale, within the RIFT parameter estimation framework. Relative to the precession parameter χ
p, which characterizes the single largest dynamical spin in a binary, ⟨χ
p⟩ has a unique domain 1 < ⟨χ
p⟩ < 2, which is exclusive to binaries with two precessing spins. After reviewing the physical differences between these two parameters, we describe how ⟨χ
p⟩ was implemented in RIFT and apply it to all 36 events from the second half of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo third observing run (O3b). In O3b, ten events show significant amounts of precession ⟨χ
p⟩ > 0.5. Of particular interest is GW191109_010717; we show it has a

∼
28
%

probability that the originating system necessarily contains two misaligned spins.
Relativity, scaling, and electromagnetic radiation equilibrium for circular orbits
Authors: Boyer Timothy H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The radiation emitted by a charged particle moving in a circular orbit requires that the orbital speed of the particle is less than the speed of light in vacuum. This crucial relativistic restriction is lost in any treatment which combines nonrelativistic mechanics with classical electrodynamics through the nonrelativistic Larmor radiation formula or the dipole approximation, which approximations correspond to taking only the lowest power of velocity. A notable example of the resulting failure involves the derivation of the blackbody radiation spectrum within classical physics. Nature contains a smallest electric charge e and a largest speed c. Both these fundamental constants should appear in a classical theory of nature. We connect the assumptions regarding fundamental constants to the scaling aspects of classical theories. Nonrelativistic mechanics exhibits scaling which is entirely different from that found in relativistic classical electrodynamics where only Coulomb potentials are allowed and the constants e and c both appear. The scaling aspects are reflected in the radiation spectra which different theories predict for thermal radiation equilibrium. The Rayleigh–Jeans spectrum reflects the scaling aspects of nonrelativistic classical mechanics whereas the classical electromagnetic zero-point spectrum and the Planck spectrum share the scaling aspects of relativistic classical electrodynamics which includes both e and c.
Theoretical study of topological properties of ferromagnetic pyrite CoS2
Authors: Robredo I , Schröter N B M , Reyes-Serrato A , Bergara A , de Juan F , Schoop L M , Vergniory M G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the discovery of the first topological material 15 years ago, the search for material realizations of novel topological phases has become the driving force of the field. While oftentimes we search for new materials, we forget that well established materials can also display very interesting topological properties. In this work, we revisit CoS

2

, a metallic ferromagnetic pyrite that has been extensively studied in the literature due to its magnetic properties. We study the topological features of its electronic band structure and identify Weyl nodes and nodal lines, as well as a symmetry-protected fourfold fermion close to the Fermi level. Looking at different surface cleavage planes, we observe both spin polarized Fermi arcs in the majority channel and drumhead states. These findings suggest that CoS2 is a promising platform to study topological phenomena, as well as a good candidate for spintronic applications.
Correlation between antisymmetric magnetoresistance and anomalous hall effect in Co1−

x
Tb
x
films
Authors: Su Yangtao , Meng Yang , Wang Zhen , Xu Tiankuo , Shi Haibin , Wang Li , Cao Xinyu , Zhang Ying , Zhao Hongwu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The antisymmetric magnetoresistance (MR) and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) of perpendicularly magnetized Co1−x
Tb
x
thin films with different Tb concentration have been investigated under gradient magnetic fields. Owing to the presence of tilting domain walls, the Co1−x
Tb
x
films exhibit anomalous antisymmetric MR, whose polarity reversal is strongly dependent on the film composition and exactly consistent with the simultaneously measured AHE. Our results suggest that the effect of disorder scattering from impurities and dispersive domain wall boundaries is more pronounced in Co1−x
Tb
x
alloy films distant from the compensation point. Moreover, the modulation of AHE coefficient Rs directly leads to the remarkable variation of antisymmetric MR, providing a new insight into design of domain wall based electronic devices.
Giant optical anisotropy of WS2 flakes in the visible region characterized by Au substrate assisted near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Deng Nan , Long Hua , Wang Kun , Han Xiaobo , Wang Bing , Wang Kai , Lu Peixiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have attracted considerable attention in the field of photonic integrated circuits due to their giant optical anisotropy. However, on account of their inherent loss in the visible region and the difficulty of measuring high refractive index materials, near-field characterizations of the optical anisotropy of TMD in the visible region have inherent experimental difficulties. In this work, we present a systematical characterization of the optical anisotropy in tungsten disulfide (WS2) flakes by using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) excited at 671 nm. Transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic (TM) waveguide modes can be excited in WS2 flakes with suitable thickness, respectively. With the assistance of the Au substrate, the contrast of the near-field fringes is enhanced in comparison with the SiO2 substrate. By combining waveguide mode near-field imaging and theoretical calculations, the in-plane and out-of-plane refractive indexes of WS2 are determined to be 4.96 and 3.01, respectively, indicating a high birefringence value up to 1.95. This work offers experimental evidence for the potential application of WS2 in optoelectronic integrated circuits in the visible region.