bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemispheric Differences in Self-evaluation Errors of Upper Extremity Movement in Patients with Chronic Stroke
Authors: Choi Sola , Won Jongim , Park Kyuenam , Kim Sujin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:There is growing evidence that the side of brain lesions results in distinct upper extremity deficits in motor control, movement behavior, and emotional and cognitive function poststroke. We investigated self-evaluation errors, which are the differences in scores between patient self-evaluation and clinician evaluations, and compared patients with left hemisphere damage (LHD) and right hemisphere damage (RHD) poststroke.Method:Twenty-eight patients with chronic stroke (LHD = 16) performed the actual amount of the test twice with a one-week interval. We videotaped the participants' movements, and participants with stroke and evaluators graded the quality of movement scores by watching video recordings.Results:Self-evaluation errors were significantly lower in patients with LHD than in those with RHD (t= 2.350,p= .019). Interestingly, this error did not change after the clinician provided the correct score as feedback. Chi-squared analysis revealed that more patients with LHD underestimated their movements (χ2= 9.049,p= .002), while more patients with RHD overestimated (χ2= 7.429,p= .006) in the send evaluation. Furthermore, there were no correlations between self-evaluation error and age, cognitive function, physical impairment, ability to control emotions, or onset months poststroke.Conclusions:Patients with stroke and therapists evaluated the same movements differently, and this can be dependent on hemispheric damage. Therapists might need to encourage patients with LHD who underestimate their movement to ensure continuous use of their more-affected arm. Patients with RHD who overestimate their movement might need treatment to overcome impaired self-awareness, such as video recordings, to protect from unexpected dangerous situations.
A multi-factor study of the development of English receptive skills by young Danish children
Authors: Cadierno Teresa , Hansen Mikkel B. , Lauridsen Jørgen T. , Eskildsen Søren W. , Fenyvesi Katalin , Hannibal Jensen Signe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal study examined the influence of child-specific and environmental factors on the development of English receptive vocabulary and grammar by two groups of Danish children: Early Starters (ES) and Late Starters (LS). Age of onset, gender, language aptitude and SES significantly predicted both outcome measures. English competence beliefs (ECB) were positively related to L2 proficiency but only for children with low foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), suggesting a dynamic relationship between ECB and FLCA. Extramural audiovisual viewing and reading played a differential role for ES vs. LS whereas extramural English speaking significantly interacted with gender. Finally, child-specific factors explained more of the variance in English proficiency than environmental factors. This finding, which contradicts results obtained in instructed settings (e.g., Sun, Steinkrauss, Tendeiro & de Bot, 2016) but parallels those in naturalistic settings (e.g., Paradis, 2011), supports the special status of English in countries with a high degree of informal contact with English.
My Training Incumbent Is Doing a Good Job: An Empirical Investigation of Personal, Religious and Psychological Factors Shaping Curates’ Evaluation of their Training Incumbent within the Anglican Church in England and Wales
Authors: Smith Greg , Francis Leslie J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrawing on detailed questionnaire data (including personal, religious and psychological factors) provided by 416 pairs of curates and training incumbents, the present study addresses two core research questions. The first research question develops and tests a new measure: the Smith Attitude toward Training Incumbents Scale (SATIS). The second research question explores the influence of personal, religious and psychological characteristics of both the curate and the training incumbent in predicting curates’ positive attitude toward the training incumbent. The data demonstrated that religious factors (Catholic or Evangelical, Liberal or Conservative, Charismatic or not Charismatic) were not significant. However, both personal and psychological factors of the curates themselves were significant. The curates who rated their training incumbent more highly were older and more emotionally stable. Personal factors were also significant for the training incumbents, but not psychological factors. The curates rated more highly the experience of working with younger training incumbents. The most satisfactory experience of curacy was associated with older and emotionally stable curates working with younger training incumbents.
South Pole Station Ground‐Based and Cluster Satellite Measurements of Leaked and Escaping Auroral Kilometric Radiation
Authors: LaBelle James , Yearby Keith , Pickett Jolene S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPrevious work suggests that Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) leaks to low altitudes. To investigate this phenomenon, wideband wave measurements have been conducted simultaneously at South Pole, Antarctica, and at the Cluster satellites, during 35 intervals in 2018–2020. Leaked AKR is observed ∼5% of the time at South Pole and escaping AKR ∼31% of the time at Cluster satellites. Both types of AKR are composed of fine structure, and similar fine structure is often observed simultaneously in the AKR at the different locations. Around 0317 UT on 29 June 2020, identical features were observed simultaneously. Cluster interferometry shows that the footprint of the source field line during this event lies within a few hundred kilometers of South Pole. The estimated emitted power of the escaping AKR observed at Cluster in this event exceeds that of the leaked AKR observed at South Pole by many orders of magnitude, suggesting that mode conversion involved in generating leaked AKR is relatively inefficient. AKR fine structure which is identical at the two locations comprises ∼0.1%–0.3% of AKR observed at Cluster when the South Pole receiver operates, and ∼2% of AKR observed at South Pole when at least one Cluster satellite is tuned to the appropriate frequency range. The relatively low occurrence rates of coincident fine structure may be attributed partly to geometric and beaming considerations but also suggest that processes involved in generating leaked AKR at levels detectable at ground level have lower probability than those generating escaping AKR at levels detectable by distant spacecraft.
Ionospheric Disturbances in Low‐ and Midlatitudes During the Geomagnetic Storm on 26 August 2018
Authors: Chang Hyeyeon , Kil Hyosub , Sun Andrew K. , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Lee Jiyun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlasma density depletions at midlatitudes during geomagnetic storms are often understood in terms of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) due to their morphological similarity. However, our study reports the observations that reveal the generation of plasma depletions at midlatitudes by local sources. During the geomagnetic storm on 26 August 2018, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and Swarm satellites detected plasma depletions at midlatitudes in the Asian sector in the absence of EPBs in the equatorial region. This observation and the total electron content (TEC) maps over Japan demonstrate that traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are the sources of midlatitude plasma depletions in the Asian sector. Near the west coast of the United States, the development of a narrow TEC depletion band was identified from TEC maps. The TEC depletion band, which is elongated in the northwest–southeast direction, moves toward the west with a velocity of approximately 240 m/s. The TEC at the TEC depletion band is about 5 TEC units (1016 m−2) smaller than the ambient TEC. As this band is confined to the midlatitudes, this phenomenon is not associated with an EPB. The characteristics of the TEC depletion band are consistent with those of medium‐scale TIDs. Observations in the Asian sector and the TEC depletion band over the United States demonstrate that plasma depletions can develop at midlatitudes by local sources. Therefore, the morphological similarity between midlatitude irregularities and EPBs or their coincident occurrence does not provide corroborating evidence of their connection.
Marine Boundary Layer Decoupling and the Stable Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor
Authors: Galewsky Joseph , Jensen Michael P. , Delp Jacqueline 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDecoupling of the subcloud layer in stratocumulus‐topped marine boundary layers (STMBL) influences low‐cloud cover by limiting the supply of water vapor from the surface. However, the relative importance of mixing between surface fluxes and other reservoirs of water vapor as a function of the degree of decoupling is poorly understood. Water vapor transport within the STMBL and its response to decoupling is explored using surface measurements of water vapor isotopic composition that were obtained from Graciosa Island, Azores, during the summer and fall of 2018. The data show an inverse relationship between the decoupling metric, Δq, and the degree of drying from an isotopically depleted water vapor source. The isotopic data require some degree of drying with an isotopically depleted source for coupled conditions, and likely require a small amount of mixing even for strongly decoupled conditions. The data are consistent with mixing between purely local reservoirs of water vapor, subjected to a small amount of condensation and fractionation, and do not require the invocation of large‐scale transport of water vapor aloft or additional cloud‐formation effects aloft.
Influence of Suspended Aquaculture on Hydrodynamics and Nutrient Supply in the Coastal Yellow Sea
Authors: He Yuqing , Xuan Jiliang , Ding Ruibin , Shen Hui , Zhou Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEffects of aquaculture on hydrodynamics and associated nutrient supply in a typical aquaculture area of the coastal Yellow Sea are investigated with high‐resolution model experiments and in situ data. The results show a significant reduction in nutrient supply, which is associated with alternations of three hydrodynamic conditions: the onshore current across the outer‐boundary of aquaculture area, upwelling within the offshore (depth >10 m) aquaculture area, and water exchange in the near‐coastal (depth <10 m) aquaculture area. First, the onshore current in the bottom layer of the aquaculture boundary, which transports high‐concentration nutrients from the major nutrient source of offshore bottom water, is significantly weakened by suspended aquaculture. As a result, nutrient supply from offshore sources is reduced by 50%−60%. Second, the upwelling velocities in the offshore aquaculture area are reduced by 2–6 × 10−3 cm/s, which leads to an approximately 25% reduction in nutrient supply to the euphotic layer. Third, the water exchange in the near‐coastal aquaculture area remains approximately unchanged because the weakened onshore currents within the aquaculture layers (0–4 m) are compensated by the enhanced onshore currents in the lower layers. As a result, the nutrient supply in the near‐coastal aquaculture area does not significantly change, whereas the nutrient supply in the offshore aquaculture area has been reduced by approximately 60%.
Incorporating Microtopography in a Land Surface Model and Quantifying the Effect on the Carbon Cycle
Authors: Graham J. D. , Ricciuto D. M. , Glenn N. F. , Hanson P. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNorthern peatlands are a terrestrial carbon store, with an annual sink of 0.1 Pg C yr−1 and a total storage estimate of 547 Pg C. Northern peatlands are also major contributors of atmospheric methane. Most land surface models do not accurately represent peatland carbon emissions, partly because they do not represent the hydrologic cycle and/or microtopography adequately. Interactions between water table depth and microtopography in peatlands influence decomposition and modulate CO2 and CH4 fluxes. A modified version of the land surface component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, was recently created to represent the microtopography and hydrology of a raised dome bog in northern Minnesota, USA. In this study, three microtopographic parameters are analyzed in the modified version: hummock height, hummock‐hollow spacing, and percent hollow. Terrestrial laser scanning observations are used to set uncertainty bounds for these parameters. Our model experiment results suggest that carbon‐related quantities of interest (QOI) were typically the most sensitive to hummock height, and those QOI (especially net ecosystem exchange, NEE) were sensitive to interactions between parameters. Furthermore, NEE was most relatively influenced by microtopographic parameters in the model, varying by 35%. We found that increasing hummock height resulted in more C being stored in plant tissue and less in soil organic matter. This coincided with decreases in Sphagnum and increases in Picea and shrub net primary production. These results suggest that future studies may consider extending prognostic capabilities of carbon cycling by incorporating hummock hollow microtopography into earth system models.
Nonvolatile electrical switching of optical and valleytronic properties of interlayer excitons
Authors: Ye Tong , Li Yongzhuo , Li Junze , Shen Hongzhi , Ren Junwen , Ning Cun-Zheng , Li Dehui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong-lived interlayer excitons (IXs) in van der Waals heterostructures (HSs) stacked by monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) carry valley-polarized information and thus could find promising applications in valleytronic devices. Current manipulation approaches for valley polarization of IXs are mainly limited in electrical field/doping, magnetic field or twist-angle engineering. Here, we demonstrate an electrochemical-doping method, which is efficient, in-situ and nonvolatile. We find the emission characteristics of IXs in WS2/WSe2 HSs exhibit a large excitonic/valley-polarized hysteresis upon cyclic-voltage sweeping, which is ascribed to the chemical-doping of O2/H2O redox couple trapped between WSe2 and substrate. Taking advantage of the large hysteresis, a nonvolatile valley-addressable memory is successfully demonstrated. The valley-polarized information can be non-volatilely switched by electrical gating with retention time exceeding 60 min. These findings open up an avenue for nonvolatile valley-addressable memory and could stimulate more investigations on valleytronic devices.
Functional neuroanatomy of mania
Authors: Cotovio Gonçalo , Oliveira-Maia Albino J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMania, the diagnostic hallmark of bipolar disorder, is an episodic disturbance of mood, sleep, behavior, and perception. Improved understanding of the neurobiology of mania is expected to allow for novel avenues to address current challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. Previous research focusing on the impairment of functional neuronal circuits and brain networks has resulted in heterogenous findings, possibly due to a focus on bipolar disorder and its several phases, rather than on the unique context of mania. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the evidence regarding the functional neuroanatomy of mania. Our interpretation of the best available evidence is consistent with a convergent model of lateralized circuit dysfunction in mania, with hypoactivity of the ventral prefrontal cortex in the right hemisphere, and hyperactivity of the amygdala, basal ganglia, and anterior cingulate cortex in the left hemisphere of the brain. Clarification of dysfunctional neuroanatomic substrates of mania may contribute not only to improve understanding of the neurobiology of bipolar disorder overall, but also highlights potential avenues for new circuit-based therapeutic approaches in the treatment of mania.
EEG as a translational biomarker and outcome measure in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Kenny Aisling , Wright Damien , Stanfield Andrew C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTargeted treatments for fragile X syndrome (FXS) have frequently failed to show efficacy in clinical testing, despite success at the preclinical stages. This has highlighted the need for more effective translational outcome measures. EEG differences observed in FXS, including exaggerated N1 ERP amplitudes, increased resting gamma power and reduced gamma phase-locking in the sensory cortices, have been suggested as potential biomarkers of the syndrome. These abnormalities are thought to reflect cortical hyper excitability resulting from an excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABAergic) imbalance in FXS, which has been the target of several pharmaceutical remediation studies. EEG differences observed in humans also show similarities to those seen in laboratory models of FXS, which may allow for greater translational equivalence and better predict clinical success of putative therapeutics. There is some evidence from clinical trials showing that treatment related changes in EEG may be associated with clinical improvements, but these require replication and extension to other medications. Although the use of EEG characteristics as biomarkers is still in the early phases, and further research is needed to establish its utility in clinical trials, the current research is promising and signals the emergence of an effective translational biomarker.
Oral ixazomib-dexamethasone vs oral pomalidomide-dexamethasone for lenalidomide-refractory, proteasome inhibitor-exposed multiple myeloma: a randomized Phase﻿ 2 trial
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Schjesvold Fredrik , Doronin Vadim , Vinogradova Olga , Quach Hang , Leleu Xavier , Montes Yolanda Gonzalez , Ramasamy Karthik , Pompa Alessandra , Levin Mark-David , Lee Cindy , Mellqvist Ulf Henrik , Fenk Roland , Demarquette Hélène , Sati Hamdi , Vorog Alexander , Labotka Richard , Du Jichang , Darif Mohamed , Kumar Shaji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) patients typically receive several lines of combination therapy and first-line treatment commonly includes lenalidomide. As patients age, they become less tolerant to treatment, requiring convenient/tolerable/lenalidomide-free options. Carfilzomib and/or bortezomib-exposed/intolerant, lenalidomide-refractory MM patients with ≥2 prior lines of therapy were randomized 3:2 to ixazomib-dexamethasone (ixa-dex) (n = 73) or pomalidomide-dexamethasone (pom-dex) (n = 49) until progression/toxicity. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 7.1 vs 4.8 months with ixa-dex vs pom-dex (HR 0.847, 95% CI 0.535–1.341, P = 0.477; median follow-up: 15.3 vs 17.3 months); there was no statistically significant difference between arms. In patients with 2 and ≥3 prior lines of therapy, respectively, mPFS was 11.0 vs 5.7 months (HR 1.083, 95% CI 0.547–2.144) and 5.7 vs 3.7 months (HR 0.686, 95% CI 0.368–1.279). Among ixa-dex vs pom-dex patients, 69% vs 81% had Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), 51% vs 53% had serious TEAEs, 39% vs 36% had TEAEs leading to drug discontinuation, 44% vs 32% had TEAEs leading to dose reduction, and 13% vs 13% died on study. Quality of life was similar between arms and maintained during treatment. Ixa-dex represents an important lenalidomide-free, oral option for this heavily pretreated, lenalidomide-refractory, proteasome inhibitor-exposed population.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03170882.
The multifaceted role of ferroptosis in liver disease
Authors: Chen Junyi , Li Xiaopeng , Ge Chaodong , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFerroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation and associated with a plethora of pathological conditions in the liver. Emerging evidence supports the notion that dysregulated metabolic pathways and impaired iron homeostasis play a role in the progression of liver disease via ferroptosis. Although the molecular mechanisms by which ferroptosis causes disease are poorly understood, several ferroptosis-associated genes and pathways have been implicated in liver disease. Here, we review the physiological role of the liver in processing nutrients, our current understanding of iron metabolism, the characteristics of ferroptosis, and the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis. In addition, we summarize the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of liver disease, including liver injury, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting ferroptosis for managing liver disease.
Antisense oligonucleotide silencing of FUS expression as a therapeutic approach in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Korobeynikov Vladislav A. , Lyashchenko Alexander K. , Blanco-Redondo Beatriz , Jafar-Nejad Paymaan , Shneider Neil A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFused in sarcoma (FUS) is an RNA-binding protein that is genetically and pathologically associated with rare and aggressive forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). To explore the mechanisms by which mutant FUS causes neurodegeneration in ALS-FTD, we generated a series of FUS knock-in mouse lines that express the equivalent of ALS-associated mutant FUSP525L and FUSΔEX14 protein. In FUS mutant mice, we show progressive, age-dependent motor neuron loss as a consequence of a dose-dependent gain of toxic function, associated with the insolubility of FUS and related RNA-binding proteins. In this disease-relevant mouse model of ALS-FUS, we show that ION363, a non-allele-specific FUS antisense oligonucleotide, efficiently silences Fus and reduces postnatal levels of FUS protein in the brain and spinal cord, delaying motor neuron degeneration. In a patient with ALS with a FUSP525L mutation, we provide preliminary evidence that repeated intrathecal infusions of ION363 lower wild-type and mutant FUS levels in the central nervous system, resulting in a marked reduction in the burden of FUS aggregates that are a pathological hallmark of disease. In mouse genetic and human clinical studies, we provide evidence in support of FUS silencing as a therapeutic strategy in FUS-dependent ALS and FTD.