bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Undergraduate Student Disclosures of Sexual Violence
Authors: Sears-Greer Mackenzie A. , Friehart Bridget K. , Meston Cindy M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionSexual violence (SV) has been a prevalent issue on college campuses for decades. Researchers, universities, and legislators have tried to understand and prevent it. Despite these efforts, 25% of female and 6% of male undergraduate students will experience a nonconsensual sexual experience (NSE) as a student. An immense amount of research has been conducted on the prevalence, effects, resources for, and outcomes of SV over the last few decades.ObjectivesThe current paper aims to compile and summarize the extant literature on undergraduate student disclosures of sexual violence. The objective is to provide a comprehensive review of the research.MethodsA literature search was performed using the terms sexual violence, NSE, undergraduate students, informal and formal reporting, and disclosure.ResultsDisclosure patterns and outcomes for survivors vary widely based on individual factors including type of disclosure source (ie, informal or formal reporting), disclosure recipient response, previous history of NSEs, and personal identity (ie, gender identity, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity). Though there are many formal resources (ie, police, Title IX), the majority of survivors report to informal sources (ie, family or friends). In addition to researching survivors’ experiences and rates of disclosures, research also evaluates how disclosure recipients perceive their response to a survivor's disclosure, their likelihood of receiving a disclosure based on their own individual identities, and how the disclosure impacts the recipient and their relationship with the survivor.ConclusionThe individualized response and decision to report SV has made prevention and the creation of effective resources difficult. As there are so many individual factors to consider when evaluating how or whether a NSE will be disclosed, future research should consider these individual differences and use them to create more effective reporting sources and resources.
Lay People´s Myths Regarding Pedophilia and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review
Authors: Glina Flavia , Carvalho Joana , Barroso Ricardo , Cardoso Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe term “paedophilia erotica” was first coined in 1886 by the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing and it was considered a “psycho-sexual perversion.” It was at the beginning of the twentieth century that the term “pedophilia” was adopted and it started to appear in medical dictionaries. Sexual abuse is legally defined as the engagement in sexual contact with a person below a specified age or who is incapable of giving consent. Both, pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) are worldwide phenomena requiring deep scientific knowledge in order to improve prevention strategies. Individuals’ misconceptions of pedophilia and CSA may legitimize sexual violence, which can influence prevention strategies and policies.ObjectivesThis review aimed to summarize existing research to help answer the question: “What are laypeople´s myths regarding pedophilia and CSA?”MethodsThis systematic review followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify as many relevant articles as possible. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases for articles published before January 2022. Sixty-one articles were included in the current review.ResultsOverall, findings revealed a significant number of myths regarding pedophilia and CSA, organized into the following categories: (i) blame diffusion, (ii) denial of abusiveness, (iii) restrictive stereotypes, (iv) victim age and consequences, (v) social stigma, (vi) punitive attitudes, and (vii) treatment.ConclusionFindings suggested that laypeople's perceptions should be taken into account when devising prevention policies. Additionally, perceptions should also be a target of prevention since there is evidence of social stigma and prejudice involving individuals with pedophilia. Such phenomena can contribute to social, emotional, and cognitive problems, among said individuals as well as causing these individuals to exhibit a higher risk for abusive behavior and less help-seeking.
Application of Telerehabilitation for Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Peyravi Mahmoudreza , Azhdari Negar , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Sarpourian Fatemeh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction:The use of telerehabilitation in different disciplines, particularly in the rehabilitation of older adults, has grown significantly across the world. In the wake of the coronavirus disease 2919 (COVID-19) outbreak, a chance has arisen to improve the user experience and to draw attention to the advantages of using this service. The current research aimed to evaluate the investigations that used telerehabilitation to assist elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Systematic searches of papers published between September 1, 2019, and December 1, 2021, were conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest databases. The author narrowed down the list of articles by using search terms. Ultimately, publications from the COVID-19 period were studied for their perspectives on the use of telerehabilitation among the elderly population. The whole process was supervised by 2 investigators at the same time.Results:In total, 2529 articles were included in the first search. Five articles were chosen for further assessment based on the careful consideration of their titles, abstracts, and full texts. Cross-sectional, feasibility, case, and interventional studies comprised 20%, 20%, 20%, and 40% of the papers, respectively. The studies were carried out in Brazil, the United States, Germany, Japan, and South Korea and involved using telerehabilitation for elderly individuals, identification of crucial manifestations and impairments, improving physical function in this population, and ensuring their happiness.Conclusions:Using a digital strategy for rehabilitation should be regarded as a means of overcoming the field’s obstacles. As a result, legislators and rehabilitation groups should consider the use of telerehabilitation for the elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Growth and yield performance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) crop under anthracnose stress in dryland crop-livestock farming system
Authors: Atumo Tessema Tesfaye , Mengesha Getachew Gudero 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Dual-purpose sorghum response to anthracnose disease, growth, and yield was undertaken in Derashe and Arba Minch trial sites during March–June 2018 and 2019. Five sorghum varieties and Rara (local check) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Variety Chelenko exhibited the tallest main crop plant height (430 cm) while Dishkara was the tallest (196.65 cm) at ratoon crop harvesting. Rara had a higher tiller number (main = 6.73, ratoon = 9.73) among the varieties. Dishkara and Chelenko varieties produced 50 and 10% more dry biomass yield (DBY) than the overall mean DBY, while Konoda produced 40% less. Although the anthracnose infestation was highest on the varieties Konoda (percentage severity index [PSI] = 20.37%) and NTJ_2 (PSI = 32.19%), they produced significantly (p < .001) higher grain yield (3.89 t/ha) than others. Under anthracnose pressure, Chelenko and Dishkara varieties are suggested for dry matter yield while NTJ_2 for grain yield production in the study area and similar agroecology.
Mitigating healthcare staffing shortages: Should healthcare workers with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) household exposures work?
Authors: Blanchard Ana C. , Lamarre Valérie , Lamarche Josée , Audy Nathalie , Quach Caroline 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a tertiary-care, pediatric healthcare center in Québec, Canada, healthcare workers who reported a household exposure to confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were allowed to work. On repeated testing, 15% became severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–positive by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with no nosocomial transmission. Being asymptomatic and receiving a booster dose >7 days prior to exposure was protective against becoming SARS-CoV-2–positive by PCR.
Influence of submerged flexible vegetation on turbulence in an open-channel flow
Authors: Wang Jianyu , He Guojian , Dey Subhasish , Fang Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present a three-dimensional numerical model for the interaction of flow with submerged flexible vegetation, based on a large-eddy simulation and the immersed boundary method. The model innovatively realises the interaction between the flow and highly flexible vegetation with clustered leaves. Besides being a three-dimensional model of motion with full degrees of freedom, this study improves the consideration of the motion of the vegetation in all directions, and in addition the energy and momentum transfer in the spanwise direction. Furthermore, we perform a flume experiment for the flow with submerged flexible vegetation, the results of which are used to validate the simulation effects of the numerical model. It is found that the numerical model can effectively simulate the velocity profiles and the movement of vegetation induced by the flow. Using the model to analyse the flow–vegetation interaction, we find that the movement of vegetation is closely related to the flow velocity. As the flow velocity increases, both the offset angle and the vegetation swaying amplitude increase. Compared to vertical rigid vegetation, the tilting of flexible vegetation does not significantly change the velocity difference and the magnitude of the turbulent kinetic energy between the inside and the outside of the vegetation canopy, but it does weaken the disturbance to flow, thus reducing the resistance to flow. However, the swaying of vegetation dose significantly increase the velocity difference between the inside and the outside of the canopy. It forms Kelvin–Helmholtz hairpin vortices intensifying the turbulence production, and enhancing the disturbance and resistance to flow.
Surprising identities for the greedy independent set on Cayley trees
Authors: Contat Alice 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe prove a surprising symmetry between the law of the size
$G_n$
of the greedy independent set on a uniform Cayley tree
$ \mathcal{T}_n$
of size n and that of its complement. We show that
$G_n$
has the same law as the number of vertices at even height in
$ \mathcal{T}_n$
rooted at a uniform vertex. This enables us to compute the exact law of
$G_n$
. We also give a Markovian construction of the greedy independent set, which highlights the symmetry of
$G_n$
and whose proof uses a new Markovian exploration of rooted Cayley trees that is of independent interest.
One, two, three: portable sample size in agricultural research
Authors: Piepho Hans-Peter , Gabriel Doreen , Hartung Jens , Büchse Andreas , Grosse Meike , Kurz Sabine , Laidig Friedrich , Michel Volker , Proctor Iain , Sedlmeier Jan Erik , Toppel Kathrin , Wittenburg Dörte 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDetermination of sample size (the number of replications) is a key step in the design of an observational study or randomized experiment. Statistical procedures for this purpose are readily available. Their treatment in textbooks is often somewhat marginal, however, and frequently the focus is on just one particular method of inference (significance test, confidence interval). Here, we provide a unified review of approaches and explain their close interrelationships, emphasizing that all approaches rely on the standard error of the quantity of interest, most often a pairwise difference of two means. The focus is on methods that are easy to compute, even without a computer. Our main recommendation based on standard errors is summarized as what we call the 1-2-3 rule for a difference of two treatment means.
Microsporidian diversity in the aquatic isopodAsellus aquaticus
Authors: Grabner Daniel , Doliwa Annemie , Sworobowicz Lidia , Wysocka Anna , Weigand Alexander , Grabowski Michał , Mamos Tomasz , Sures Bernd 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe conducted a molecular survey on microsporidian diversity in different lineages (operational taxonomic units = OTUs) ofAsellus aquaticusfrom 30 sites throughout Europe. Host body length was determined, and DNA was extracted from host tissue excluding the intestine and amplified by microsporidian-specific primers. In total, 247A. aquaticusspecimens were analysed from which 26.7% were PCR-positive for microsporidians, with significantly more infections in larger individuals. Prevalence ranged between 10 and 90%. At 9 sites, no microsporidians were detected. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of infected individuals and habitat type, as well as host OTU. The lowest proportion of infected individuals was detected in spring-habitats (8.7%,n= 46) and the highest in ponds (37.7%,n= 53). Proportion of infected individuals among host OTUs A, D and J was 31.7, 21.7 and 32.1%, respectively. No infections were detected in OTU F. Our results are, however, accompanied by a partially low sample size, as only a minimum of 5 individuals was available at a few locations. Overall, 17 different microsporidian molecular taxonomic units (MICMOTUs) were distinguished with 5 abundant isolates (found in 4–17 host individuals) while the remaining 12 MICMOTUs were “rare” and found only in 1–3 host individuals. No obvious spatio-genetic pattern could be observed. The MICMOTUs predominantly belonged to Nosematida and Enterocytozoonida. The present study shows that microsporidians inA. aquaticusare abundant and diverse but do not show obvious patterns related to host genetic lineages or geography.
Psychotic experiences in the general population, a review; definition, risk factors, outcomes and interventions
Authors: Staines Lorna , Healy Colm , Coughlan Helen , Clarke Mary , Kelleher Ian , Cotter David , Cannon Mary 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsychotic experiences (PE) are common in the general population, in particular in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. PE have been shown to be associated with an increased risk for later psychotic disorders, mental disorders, and poorer functioning. Recent findings have highlighted the relevance of PE to many fields of healthcare, including treatment response in clinical services for anxiety & depression treatment, healthcare costs and service use. Despite PE relevance to many areas of mental health, and healthcare research, there remains a gap of information between PE researchers and experts in other fields. With this review, we aim to bridge this gap by providing a broad overview of the current state of PE research, and future directions. This narrative review aims to provide an broad overview of the literature on psychotic experiences, under the following headings: (1) Definition and Measurement of PE; (2) Risk Factors for PE; (3) PE and Health; (4) PE and Psychosocial Functioning; (5) Interventions for PE, (6) Future Directions.
Development of the Elder Abuse and Emotional Consequences Scale (EACS)
Authors: Neise Michael , Brijoux Thomas , Zank Susanne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Little data exist on elder abuse (EA) among the very old (>80 years), and instruments have not been developed to identify EA within this group. This study presents a survey instrument: the Elder Abuse and Emotional Consequences Scale (EACS). We conducted interviews in a representative sample of the oldest old and did confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on n = 988 persons to confirm the assumed factor structure of the EACS. The results confirm a six-dimensional structure and good model fit of the questionnaire. A preliminary examination confirms the reliability and validity of the dimensions. The EACS is thus a multidimensional assessment of EA that can be used in interviews with the very old.
Horizontal Wavenumber Spectra of Vertical Vorticity and Horizontal Divergence of Mesoscale Dynamics in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Using Multistatic Specular Meteor Radar Observations
Authors: Poblet Facundo L. , Chau Jorge L. , Conte J. Federico , Avsarkisov Victor , Vierinen Juha , Charuvil Asokan Harikrishnan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpecular meteor radars (SMRs) have significantly contributed to the understanding of wind dynamics in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). We present a method to estimate horizontal correlations of vertical vorticity (Qzz) and horizontal divergence (P) in the MLT, using line‐of‐sight multistatic SMRs velocities, that consists of three steps. First, we estimate 2D, zonal, and meridional correlation functions of wind fluctuations (with periods less than 4 hr and vertical wavelengths smaller than 4 km) using the wind field correlation function inversion (WCFI) technique. Then, the WCFI's statistical estimates are converted into longitudinal and transverse components. The conversion relation is obtained by considering the rotation about the vertical direction of two velocity vectors, from an east‐north‐up system to a meteor‐pair‐dependent cylindrical system. Finally, following a procedure previously applied in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere to airborne wind measurements, the longitudinal and transverse spatial correlations are fitted, from which Qzz, P, and their spectra are directly estimated. The method is applied to a special Spread spectrum Interferometric Multistatic meteor radar Observing Network data set, obtained over northern Germany for seven days in November 2018. The results show that in a quasi‐axisymmetric scenario, P was more than five times larger than Qzz for the horizontal wavelengths range given by ∼50–400 km, indicating a predominance of internal gravity waves over vortical modes of motion as a possible explanation for the MLT mesoscale dynamics during this campaign.
On the Uncertainty Induced by Pedotransfer Functions in Terrestrial Biosphere Modeling
Authors: Paschalis Athanasios , Bonetti Sara , Guo Yanran , Fatichi Simone 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHydrological, ecohydrological, and terrestrial biosphere models depend on pedotransfer functions for computing soil hydraulic parameters based on easily measurable variables, such as soil textural and physical properties. Several pedotransfer functions have been derived in the last few decades, providing divergent estimates of soil hydraulic parameters. In this study, we quantify how uncertainties embedded in using different pedotransfer functions propagate to ecosystem dynamics, including simulated hydrological fluxes and vegetation response to water availability. Using a state‐of‐the‐art ecohydrological model applied at 79 sites worldwide, we show that uncertainties related to pedotransfer functions can affect both hydrological and vegetation dynamics. Uncertainties in evapotranspiration, plant productivity, and vegetation structure, quantified as leaf area, are in the order of ∼10% at annual time scales. Runoff and groundwater recharge uncertainties are one order of magnitude larger. All uncertainties are largely amplified when small‐scale topography is taken into account in a distributed domain, especially for water‐limited ecosystems with low permeability soils. Overall, pedotransfer function related uncertainties for a given soil type are higher than uncertainties across soil types in both hydrological and ecosystem dynamics. The magnitude of uncertainties is climate‐dependent but not soil type‐dependent. Evapotranspiration, vegetation structure, and plant productivity uncertainties are higher in water‐limited semiarid climates, whereas groundwater recharge uncertainties are higher in climates where potential evapotranspiration is comparable to precipitation.
The Lateral Continuity and Vertical Arrangement of Dust Layers in the Martian North Polar Cap From SHARAD Multiband Data
Authors: Jawin Erica R. , Campbell Bruce A. , Whitten Jennifer L. , Morgan Gareth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInterpretation of radar sounder reflections to infer the structure and composition of the martian polar caps depends on whether bright returns correspond to single packed dust layers or a more finely layered structure. Reflections from multiple layers can create strong resonant scattering (interference) effects that impact analyses of radargram reflectors and inference of dielectric contrast. We identify resonant behavior for an areally extensive reflector in the north polar layered deposits from Shallow Radar data processed in two frequency bands. Echo strength varies by ∼2 dB between subband reflections across a region ∼400 km in extent, with the stronger echo shifting abruptly from the high‐ to low‐frequency band outside the central region of Gemina Lingula. This behavior can arise from resonant scattering between two layers of dust (0.3–0.6 m thick) separated by 0.5–3 m of ice. Such layering requires there be little postdepositional aeolian activity to preserve layer thickness and spacing.
Afterslip From the 2020 M 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada Earthquake
Authors: Sadeghi Chorsi Taha , Braunmiller Jochen , Deng Fanghui , Dixon Timothy H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate postseismic deformation following the 15 May 2020, Mw 6.5 Monte Cristo Range, Nevada earthquake using geodetic and aftershock data. Seven months of Sentinel 1‐A/B SAR images were used to model deformation as afterslip on two subparallel fault planes outlined by aftershocks. Postseismic deformation fits exponential and logarithmic decay models equally well. For exponential decay, the average decay time is ∼38 days. On the western plane, where most coseismic slip was observed, afterslip was minor, occurred at shallower depths than coseismic slip, and is anticorrelated with aftershock distribution. On the eastern plane, afterslip is significant, exceeds coseismic moment release, occurred at and below coseismic slip, and is correlated with aftershock distribution. On both segments, geodetic moment exceeds seismic moment, suggesting most afterslip occurred aseismically. Aseismic creep does not make up for observed coseismic shallow slip deficit, perhaps related to fault immaturity.
How Well do Global Snow Products Characterize Snow Storage in High Mountain Asia?
Authors: Liu Yufei , Fang Yiwen , Li Dongyue , Margulis Steven A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccurate characterization of peak snow water storage in High Mountain Asia (HMA) is essential for assessing the water supply to over 1 billion downstream residents. Currently, such characterization still relies on modeling due to measurement scarcity. Here, eight global snow products were examined over HMA using a newly developed High Mountain Asia Snow Reanalysis (HMASR) data set as a reference. The focus of intercomparison was on peak annual snow storage, the first‐order determinant of warm‐season water availability in snow‐dominated basins. Across eight products the climatological peak storage over HMA was found to be 161 ± 102 km3 with an average 33% underestimation relative to HMASR. The inter‐product variability in cumulative snowfall (335 ± 148 km3) explains the majority (>80%) of peak snow storage uncertainty, while significant accumulation‐season snowfall loss to ablation (51% ± 9%) also reveals the critical role of ablation processes on peak snow storage.