bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological Behavior of Cu-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Compared to Nickel–Aluminum Bronze in Air and 3.5% Sodium Chloride Solution
Authors: Ji Xiulin , Zhao Jianhua , Jin Juan , Wu Jili , Zhu Weiwei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The tribological behaviors of Cu-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) Cu50.2Zr40.8Ti8.5Nb0.5 and conventional nickel–aluminum bronze (NAB) reference material were investigated in air and in 3.5% NaCl solution, respectively. The tribology tests were performed at room temperature using a reciprocating tribometer at a sliding speed of 1 m min−1 against a 6-mm diameter ZrO2 ball. When sliding in air, the friction coefficient of Cu-based BMG decreases with the applied loads (5 N, 10N, and 20 N), and the wear behavior is mainly affected by abrasion, delamination, and oxidation. In particular, the wear-rate of Cu-based BMG is about 22 times lower than that of conventional NAB when sliding in the air under a load of 5 N. When sliding in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, Cu-based BMG demonstrates better static-corrosion resistance but worse tribocorrosion resistance compared with conventional NAB. Due to the combined effects of corrosion and lubrication caused by the solution, the wear-rate of the BMG in NaCl solution increases at 5 N, but decreases at 20 N when compared with the corresponding wear in air. The tribocorrosion of Cu-based BMG is mainly controlled by abrasive wear and the synergistic effects of abrasion and corrosion. By applying −1.3 V cathodic potential, the corrosive wear-rate of Cu-based BMG at 5 N was reduced by nearly 50%. This work provides an experimental reference for the tribological evaluation of Cu-based BMG in different environments.
Computational Validation That Whiffling-Inspired Gaps Require Less Work for Roll Control Than Conventional Ailerons at High Rolling Moment Coefficients
Authors: Sigrest Piper , Wu Neil , Inman Daniel J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Several species of birds have been known to invert in flight to lose altitude — a behavior known as whiffling. When the bird flies inverted, the flight feathers twist open to create gaps in the trailing edge of the wing, decreasing the lift produced by the wing. Gaps along the trailing edge of an aircraft wing were inspired by the feather rotation mechanism during whiffling, and asymmetrically applying these gaps on only one side of the wing produces a rolling moment due to the lift differential across the full wing. Previous experimental data and analytical estimates showed that whiffling-inspired gapped wings can produce a larger rolling moment coefficient than a conventional aileron, for a fraction of the actuation work. In the current work, we perform a computational study using Siemens STAR-CCM+ to estimate the work required to actuate nine gaps along the trailing edge of a whiffling-inspired wing and compare it to that of a representative aileron configuration. We show that the results of the simulation agree well with the prior experimental results. The results indicated that the work on the entire gap area may be higher than the work to deflect an aileron, however, the analytically estimated work on a smaller, more realistic, area corresponding to a gap cover was substantially lower than the work to deflect an aileron. These results provide evidence that sliding gaps that open in the plane of a wing require less work than deflecting an aileron into the flow for rolling moment coefficients above 0.0139. This computational validation is the first step in determining if smart materials can be used for this type of wing morphing. In all, the whiffling-inspired gapped wings could provide a far more energy-efficient method of roll control for energy-constrained fixed-wing uncrewed aerial vehicles than conventional ailerons, particularly at higher rolling moment coefficients.
Methods for the Rapid Detection of Boundary Condition Variations in Structural Systems
Authors: Li Xuyang , Salem Talal , Bolandi Hamed , Boddeti Vishnu , Lajnef Nizar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study proposes a novel anomaly detection approach focusing on structural components which do not have a baseline model and with complex boundary conditions that cannot be built into a finite element or a digital twin model. The approach uses only sensor collected compressed response distribution data to detect and localize changes in boundary conditions under extreme loading events. The developed methods use unsupervised anomaly detection networks combined with novel data compression algorithms. The deep network collects training data from real direct measured responses of the structural system over time to build a model and then computes the reconstruction errors and identifies anomalies. A simplified gusset plate under variable clamped-clamped boundary conditions is used in this study as preliminary proof-of-concept. In this work, anomalies are induced by changing the connection conditions (boundary conditions) of the gusset plate (e.g. bolts loosening). This study improved the deep learning network performance by incorporating mechanics-based loss functions into the network, fed with experimental data obtained from the distributed sensors installed on the structural element. Results show that the mechanics-based modified loss function significantly improves the identification and localization abilities of boundary condition anomalies and eliminates undesired factors and false predictions.
An Equivalent Circuit Model for the Reconfigurable Ducted Turbine Array Concept
Authors: Erol Nazim , Shan Xin , Bilgen Onur 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The reconfigurable ducted turbine array concept is an energy harvesting method proposed to reduce the so-called levelized cost of energy extracted from naturally occurring flows (e.g., from wind and water currents.) Duct augmentation is proposed to achieve higher power coefficient than the Betz limit for open turbines, among other (e.g., structural) reasons. Ducted or shrouded hydrokinetic turbines with a contracted throat area can be used to eliminate blade tip vortex, and to potentially increase the flow velocity at the rotor cross-section, consequently speeding up the rotor to improve electro-magnetic efficiency.
In a recent paper by the authors, an equivalent circuit model for a single duct was proposed to understand the effects of geometric design variables of the duct. These variables are contraction ratio, aspect ratio, hub-to-throat ratio, etc. The parameterized circuit model was used to study the flow behavior of the ducted geometry in terms of equivalent resistances. The current paper presents an extended equivalent circuit model by adding the effects of turbulence, gravity, and hydrostatic pressure. The unknown parameters of the equivalent circuit model are identified using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations, and by curve fitting using the least squares method. The circuit model is then used to identify design variables that result in desirable flow behavior from duct augmentation.
A Scoping Review of Mixed Methods Research About Physical Activity for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Michaud Mathieu , Harvey William J. , Bloom Gordon A. 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine how mixed methods research (MMR) has been applied in adapted physical activity (APA) research about children and adolescents age 5–18 years with a disability. Six electronic databases were searched to retrieve relevant studies published between 2003 and 2020. Sixty-four studies were identified and analyzed. The findings were organized into five categories of interest: publication information, study objectives, mixed methods research design, participants’ information, and data integration. Challenges related to the design and publication of MMR in APA were uncovered, and suggestions for improvement are provided. This study adds to the knowledge of MMR design, and it provides an understanding of the underlying processes and methodological strategies that have guided this approach in APA research. This article will encourage APA researchers to engage in MMR while also aligning future studies with contemporary MMR literature and publication standards.
We Did It: A Content Analysis of Australian and New Zealand Online News Media Coverage of the Bid Process for the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup
Authors: Crabill Eleanor , Maddox Callie , Beissel Adam 
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine online news media coverage of the Australia–New Zealand joint bid to host the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup. Following neoliberal feminist theory and a postfeminist framework, the meanings and discourses of women’s empowerment produced in, and disseminated by, Australia and New Zealand’s popular online news media were explored. A content analysis was used to examine 77 domestic online news media articles published in response to the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup bid and hosting announcement. The findings revealed that the popular online news media centered on three themes: opportunities for women and girls in sport, legacy outcomes, and commercial benefits. However, there was a clear lack of critical engagement from the news media over the bid’s initiatives, claims, and promises. Only 2.5% of all online news media coverage engaged in meaningful discussion, analysis, and critique of the purported social and economic impacts of the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup. This study raises critical questions about the role of Australian and New Zealand (sport) media in (a) serving as a prominent forum through which the As One 2023 bid committee could circulate strategically crafted, preferred narratives regarding the event’s legacies and impacts to manufacture consent and public support for event hosting and (b) propagating a postfeminist celebration of women’s sport mega events that uncritically circulates specious claims of women’s empowerment, participation growth, and commercial benefits of the event.
Cationic Channelrhodopsin from the Alga Platymonas subcordiformis as a Promising Optogenetic Tool
Authors: Idzhilova Olga S. , Smirnova Gulnur R. , Petrovskaya Lada E. , Kolotova Darya A. , Ostrovsky Mikhail A. , Malyshev Alexey Y. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The progress in optogenetics largely depends on the development of light-activated proteins as new molecular tools. Using cultured hippocampal neurons, we compared the properties of two light-activated cation channels – classical channelrhodopsin-2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrChR2) and recently described channelrhodopsin isolated from the alga Platymonas subcordiformis (PsChR2). PsChR2 ensured generation of action potentials by neurons when activated by the pulsed light stimulation with the frequencies up to 40-50 Hz, while the upper limit for CrChR2 was 20-30 Hz. An important advantage of PsChR2 compared to classical channelrhodopsin CrChR2 is the blue shift of its excitation spectrum, which opens the possibility for its application in all-optical electrophysiology experiments that require the separation of the maxima of the spectra of channelrhodopsins used for the stimulation of neurons and the maxima of the excitation spectra of various red fluorescent probes. We compared the response (generation of action potentials) of neurons expressing CrChR2 and PsChR2 to light stimuli at 530 and 550 nm commonly used for the excitation of red fluorescent probes. The 530-nm light was significantly (3.7 times) less efficient in the activation of neurons expressing PsChR2 vs. CrChR2-expressing neurons. The light at 550 nm, even at the maximal used intensity, failed to stimulate neurons expressing either of the studied opsins. This indicates that the PsChR2 channelrhodopsin from the alga P. subcordiformis is a promising optogenetic tool, both in terms of its frequency characteristics and possibility of its application for neuronal stimulation with a short-wavelength (blue, 470 nm) light accompanied by simultaneous recording of various physiological processes using fluorescent probes.
CONservative TReatment of Appendicitis in Children: a randomised controlled feasibility Trial (CONTRACT)
Authors: Hall Nigel J , Eaton Simon , Sherratt Frances C , Reading Isabel , Walker Erin , Chorozoglou Maria , Beasant Lucy , Wood Wendy , Stanton Michael , Corbett Harriet , Rex Dean , Hutchings Natalie , Dixon Elizabeth , Grist Simon , Crawley Esther M , Young Bridget , Blazeby Jane M 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo establish the feasibility of a multicentre randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a non-operative treatment pathway compared with appendicectomy in children with uncomplicated acute appendicitis.DesignFeasibility randomised controlled trial with embedded qualitative study to inform recruiter training to optimise recruitment and the design of a future definitive trial.SettingThree specialist paediatric surgery centres in the UK.PatientsChildren (aged 4–15 years) with a clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated acute appendicitis.InterventionsAppendicectomy or a non-operative treatment pathway (comprising broad-spectrum antibiotics and active observation).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was the proportion of eligible patients recruited. Secondary outcomes evaluated adherence to interventions, data collection during follow-up, safety of treatment pathways and clinical course.ResultsFifty per cent of eligible participants (95% CI 40 to 59) approached about the trial agreed to participate and were randomised. Repeated bespoke recruiter training was associated with an increase in recruitment rate over the course of the trial from 38% to 72%. There was high acceptance of randomisation, good patient and surgeon adherence to trial procedures and satisfactory completion of follow-up. Although more participants had perforated appendicitis than had been anticipated, treatment pathways were found to be safe and adverse event profiles acceptable.ConclusionRecruitment to a randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a non-operative treatment pathway compared with appendicectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children is feasible.Trial registration numberNCT15830435.
Adult progeria: a new mutation in the WRN gene
Authors: Rocha Margarida Lucas , Chicharo Ana Teodósio , Sequeira Graça , Teixeira Vitor 
Published: November 2022

Werner syndrome (WS), also known as adult progeria, is a rare autosomal recessive inherited progeroid syndrome characterised by multiple features consistent with accelerated ageing. This disease is associated with several rheumatic conditions such as early osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, sarcopenia, soft-tissue calcifications, gout, limb ulcers and scleroderma-like skin features. WS should be included in the differential diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. The diagnosis is clinical, and in 90% of cases, a genetic test reveals a pathogenic variant of the WRN gene.WRN encodes a member of the RecQ family of DNA helicases and has a role in DNA repair. 86 different pathological WRN mutations have been identified so far. Here we present a case report of a typical WS patient associated with a newly described genetic variant of the WRN gene.
Temperature threshold in the screening of bacterial infections in young infants with hypothermia
Authors: Lo Yu Hsiang Johnny , Graves Christopher , Holland Jamie Lynn , Rogers Alexander Joseph , Money Nathan , Hashikawa Andrew Nobuhide , Ramgopal Sriram 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundYoung infants with hypothermia presenting to the emergency department (ED) are at risk for serious bacterial infections (SBI), however there is no consensus temperature to prompt evaluation for SBI among these children. We sought to statistically derive a temperature threshold to guide detection of SBI in young infants with hypothermia presenting to the ED.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of infants ≤90 days old presenting to four academic paediatric EDs in the United States of America from January 2015 through December 2019 with a rectal temperature of ≤36.4°C. Our primary outcomes were SBI, defined as urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteraemia and/or bacterial meningitis, and invasive bacterial infections (IBI, limited to bacteraemia and/or bacterial meningitis). We constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate an optimally derived cutpoint for minimum ED temperature and presence of SBI or IBI.ResultsWe included 3376 infants, of whom SBI were found in 62 (1.8%) and IBI in 16 (0.5%). The most common infection identified wasEscherichia coliUTI. Overall, cohort minimum median temperature was 36.2°C (IQR 36.0°C–36.4°C). Patients with SBI and IBI had lower median temperatures, 35.8°C (IQR 35.8°C–36.3°C) and 35.7°C (IQR 35.4°C–36.3°C), respectively, compared with those without corresponding infections (both p<0.05). Using an outcome of SBI, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was 61.0% (95% CI 54.1% to 67.9%). At a cutpoint of 36.2°C, sensitivity was 59.7% and specificity was 59.2%. When using an outcome of IBI, the AUROC was 65.9% (95% CI 51.1% to 80.6%). Using a cutpoint of 36.1°C in this model resulted in a sensitivity of 68.8% and specificity of 60.1%.ConclusionYoung infants with SBI and IBI presented with lower temperatures than infants without infections. However, there was no temperature threshold to reliably identify SBI or IBI. Further research incorporating clinical and laboratory parameters, in addition to temperature, may help to improve risk stratification for these vulnerable patients.
MRI lesions can often precede trigeminal neuralgia symptoms by years in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dilwali Sonam , Mark Ian , Waubant Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundUnderstanding when multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions become clinically symptomatic may provide insight into disease pathophysiology. Our objective was to temporally associate lesion formation and trigeminal neuralgia (TN) symptom onset in MS.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series of patients with MS, analysing time difference between TN symptom onset and oldest MRI showing a correlative lesion.ResultsFor the 26 patients with MS, a correlative lesion was noted on MRI on average 5±4 years prior to TN symptom onset; 57% had primary or secondary progressive MS.ConclusionsTN lesions can be present years prior to symptom onset, suggestive of alternative explanations than typical relapses. This phenomenon may hint at alternative pathophysiology of progressive MS in comparison to relapsing-remitting MS.
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block with ultrasound-guided penile nerve block for analgesia during pediatric circumcision
Authors: Boisvert-Moreau Frédérique , Turcotte Bruno , Albert Natalie , Singbo Narcisse , Moore Katherine , Boivin Ariane 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionOptimal analgesia for circumcision is still debated. The dorsal penile nerve block has been shown to be superior to topical and caudal analgesia. Recently, the ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block (group pudendal) has been popularized. This randomized, blinded clinical trial compared group pudendal with ultrasound-guided dorsal penile nerve block (group penile) under general anesthesia for pediatric circumcision.MethodsPrepubertal males aged 1–12 years undergoing elective circumcision were randomized to either group. The primary outcome was postoperative face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scores. Our secondary outcomes included parent’s postoperative pain measure, analgesic consumption during the first 24 hours, surgeon’s and parent’s satisfaction, time to perform the block, hemodynamic changes intraoperatively and total time in postanesthesia care unit and until discharge.ResultsA total of 155 patients were included for analysis (77 in group pudendal and 78 in group penile). Mean age was 7.3 years old. FLACC scores were not statistically different between groups (p=0.19–0.97). Surgeon satisfaction was higher with group pudendal (90.8% vs 56.6% optimal, p<0.01). Intraoperative hemodynamic changes (>20% rise of heart rate or blood pressure) were higher in group pudendal (33.8% vs 9.0%, p<0.01) as was intraoperative fentanyl use (1.3 vs 1.0 μg/kg, p<0.01). Other secondary outcomes were not statistically different.DiscussionBoth ultrasound-guided blocks, performed under general anesthesia, provide equivalent postoperative analgesia for pediatric circumcision as evidenced by low pain scores and opioid consumption. Surgeon satisfaction was higher in the pudendal group.Trial registration numberNCT03914365.
Scoping review of early pain-related outcome domains and measurement instruments after degenerative lumbar spine surgery
Authors: van de Wijgert Ilse H , de Groot Jantina C , Rood Akkie , Spruit Maarten , Vissers Kris C P , Fenten Maaike GE , van Hooff Miranda L 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundOptimization of perioperative pain interventions in lumbar spine surgery could reduce the incidence of acute and persistent postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Standardization in early outcome measurement provides a solid foundation for future clinical and research practices and should be integrated in core outcome sets for long-term treatment outcome evaluations. This scoping review provides an overview of outcomes used when evaluating early perioperative pain interventions after lumbar spine surgery.ObjectivesTo create an overview of outcome domains and measurement instruments previously used in research on perioperative pain management for degenerative lumbar spine surgery.Evidence reviewA scoping review was performed to identify articles comprising outcome evaluations in adult patients who undergo degenerative lumbar spine surgery, mentioning perioperative pain interventions. 75 articles were included for review. Data on study characteristics, outcome domains and measurement instruments were extracted and structured using the three-tiered hierarchy of Porter.Findings12 outcome domains were identified: pain intensity (93.3%), adverse events (76%), analgesic consumption (70.7%), length of stay (52%), patient satisfaction (24%), daily functioning (22.7%), (early) mobilization (22.7%), quality of life (12%), mortality (9.3%), quality of recovery (6.7%), physical function (4%), and quality of sleep (2.7%). 63 corresponding measurement instruments were found.ConclusionsThis review portrays an extensive overview of outcome measurements used in perioperative pain management in lumbar spine surgery. A lack of consensus on the set of indicators exists. This scoping review is a call for action to create consensus on how to evaluate perioperative pain interventions in degenerative lumbar spine surgery.