bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric disorders and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Tao Haoran , Fan Shujin , Zhu Tianxin , You Lili , Zheng Dinghao , Yan Li , Ren Meng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundExtensive observational evidence put forward the association between psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, causal relationships between these two diseases required further research. Thus, we evaluated the bidirection casual effect between five psychiatric disorders and T2DM using two‐sample mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsBy selecting single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with T2DM and five psychiatric disorders (attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, anxiety disorder and panic disorder), a bidirectional two‐sample MR was applied to evaluate causality between these diseases. The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysing approach for estimating possible causal effects. MR‐Egger and weighted median were also conducted to verify the results. The funnel plot, Cochran's Q test and MR‐Egger intercept test were used for sensitivity analyses. In addition, potential mediators were investigated by risk factor analyses.ResultsGenetic susceptibilities of ADHD and MDD would increase the risk of T2DM (ADHD: OR = 1.14, 95%CI 1.08–1.20; ; MDD: OR = 1.22, 95%CI 1.09–1.36; ). In addition, genetic predisposition to T2DM was also associated with ADHD (OR = 1.09, 95%CI 1.04–1.14; p = 0.0004). Several risk factors of T2DM were implicated in the above causal associations, including smoking, high body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio and elevated serum triglycerides.ConclusionOur studies indicated a causal effect of ADHD and MDD on increasing the risk of T2DM, which was potentially mediated by smoking and obesity‐related phenotypes. Meanwhile, we found a causal effect of T2DM on ADHD. Thus, prevention strategies for T2DM should also include mental health and vice versa.
Sociocultural and Clinical Aspects of Recovery from First Episode Psychosis in Java, Indonesia: A Follow‐Up Case Study
Authors: Subandi M. A. , Ul Hasanat Nida , Praptomojati Ardian , Good Byron J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractResearchers have observed high rates of recovery from first episode psychosis in some cultural settings. This study explores the course and long‐term outcome of a small set of cases of first episode psychoses, focusing on clinical predictors of outcome and local cultural processes supporting recovery in Javanese society in Indonesia. Researchers followed nine individuals with a first episode of psychosis intensively during one year of ethnographic research and measured clinical markers of the outcome at onset and at two‐ and 14‐year follow‐ups. Despite some relapses, a majority of individuals substantially recovered at one year and continued to function near‐normal at 14 years; two cases represent long‐term illness. Clinical factors associated with recovery included the acute onset of illness and short duration of untreated psychosis. Ethnographic research identified cultural models, linked to Javanese folk stories and local Islamic ideas, and social and cultural processes supportive of recovery from psychosis.
Range and extinction dynamics of the steppe bison in Siberia: A pattern‐oriented modelling approach
Authors: Pilowsky July A. , Haythorne Sean , Brown Stuart C. , Krapp Mario , Armstrong Edward , Brook Barry W. , Rahbek Carsten , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the ecological processes and drivers of range collapse, population decline and eventual extinction of the steppe bison in Eurasia.LocationSiberia.Time periodPleistocene and Holocene.Major taxa studiedSteppe bison (Bison priscus).MethodsWe configured 110,000 spatially explicit population models (SEPMs) of climate–human–steppe bison interactions in Siberia, which we ran at generational time steps from 50,000 years before present. We used pattern‐oriented modelling (POM) and fossil‐based inferences of distribution and demographic change of steppe bison to identify which SEPMs adequately simulated important interactions between ecological processes and biological threats. These “best models” were then used to disentangle the mechanisms that were integral in the population decline and later extinction of the steppe bison in its last stronghold in Eurasia.ResultsOur continuous reconstructions of the range and extinction dynamics of steppe bison were able to reconcile inferences of spatio‐temporal occurrence and the timing and location of extinction in Siberia based on hundreds of radiocarbon‐dated steppe bison fossils. We showed that simulating the ecological pathway to extinction for steppe bison in Siberia in the early Holocene required very specific ecological niche constraints, demographic processes and a constrained synergy of climate and human hunting dynamics during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition.Main conclusionsEcological processes and drivers that caused ancient population declines of species can be reconstructed at high spatio‐temporal resolutions using SEPMs and POM. Using this approach, we found that climatic change and hunting by humans are likely to have interacted with key ecological processes to cause the extinction of the steppe bison in its last refuge in Eurasia.
Path algorithms for fused lasso signal approximator with application to COVID‐19 spread in Korea
Authors: Son Won , Lim Johan , Yu Donghyeon 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe fused lasso signal approximator (FLSA) is a smoothing procedure for noisy observations that uses fused lasso penalty on unobserved mean levels to find sparse signal blocks. Several path algorithms have been developed to obtain the whole solution path of the FLSA. However, it is known that the FLSA has model selection inconsistency when the underlying signals have a stair‐case block, where three consecutive signal blocks are either strictly increasing or decreasing. Modified path algorithms for the FLSA have been proposed to guarantee model selection consistency regardless of the stair‐case block. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the path algorithms for the FLSA and prove the properties of the recently modified path algorithms' hitting times. Specifically, we reinterpret the modified path algorithm as the path algorithm for local FLSA problems and reveal the condition that the hitting time for the fusion of the modified path algorithm is not monotone in a tuning parameter. To recover the monotonicity of the solution path, we propose a pathwise adaptive FLSA having monotonicity with similar performance as the modified solution path algorithm. Finally, we apply the proposed method to the number of daily‐confirmed cases of COVID‐19 in Korea to identify the change points of its spread.
Transitioning to a market economy in the Baltic States: Challenges and later developments in business regulation
Authors: Bitė Virginijus , Mulevičienė Salvija , Moisejevas Raimundas , Mantrov Vadim , Vutt Andres , Vutt Margit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article offers a comparative assessment of significant factors of influence, major developments, national specifics, and the challenges confronting the Baltic States since independence in transitioning their economies from a central planning model to that of a market economy. The investigation took into consideration company law, competition law, and insolvency law of the respective countries and three stages of legal development – creation, the main reforms, and current developments. Further, the article asserts that the Baltic States have managed to create a sufficiently diverse palette of business forms that are properly constituted under law, are flexible, and convenient for all business types, especially small and medium business. Competition and insolvency laws of the Baltic States align closely with laws of the European Union and are being further developed. Stories of the success of Baltic States could serve as an example for other post‐socialist countries.
MSO4 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) microwave dielectric ceramics with low dielectric constant
Authors: Jia Ying Qiang , Luo Wei Kun , Li Lei , Wu Shu Ya , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMSO4 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) ceramics with relative densities exceeding 96% were prepared by solid‐state sintering at low sintering temperatures of 625–875°C, and their structures and microwave dielectric properties at 10–19 GHz were characterized. MSO4 ceramics crystallized in orthorhombic symmetry with the space groups of Amma for CaSO4 and Pnma for SrSO4 and BaSO4. The optimal microwave dielectric properties were obtained with εr = 5.85, Qf = 57 000 GHz, τf,W = −98.8 ppm/°C for CaSO4, εr = 10.95, Qf = 15 500 GHz, τf,W = 101.6 ppm/°C for SrSO4, and εr = 9.42, Qf = 38 200 GHz, τf,W = −4.7 ppm/°C for BaSO4. The increased εr and τf,W while decreased Qf value in the order of CaSO4, BaSO4, and SrSO4 were attributed to the enhanced rattling effect of M2+. Besides, the temperature dependence of τf was weak for CaSO4 and BaSO4, whereas much stronger for SrSO4. As most low‐εr microwave dielectric ceramics are of large negative τf, the near‐zero τf of BaSO4 and positive τf of SrSO4 are rare, indicating they are potential candidates for millimeter‐wave communication as a temperature‐stable dielectric ceramic and a compensator for tuning negative τf to near‐zero, respectively.
Beyond Downloading: Venues for Associated Neighbouring Countries to Influence EU Law and Policies
Authors: Gstöhl Sieglinde , Frommelt Christian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe European Union (EU) has over time developed close relations, typically taking the form of acquis‐based association agreements, with the countries in its Western and Eastern neighbourhood. This article examines when, where and how these non‐Member States can influence the terms of their association with the EU's law and policies via institutional venues. It expands on the literature of external Europeanization and governance, which has mainly focused on the downloading of EU rules by these countries. Yet, the associated neighbours have the opportunity to exert influence at different stages of the law or policy‐making process: first, before the downloading of relevant new rules by uploading or cross‐loading, that is, by attempting to initiate or shape these rules during the agenda‐setting and the formulation phases; and second, during or after the downloading by tweaking or rebuffing relevant new rules in the adoption and implementation phases. These mechanisms of influence at different points in time and in different bodies are illustrated by examples from the countries of the European Free Trade Association, of the Eastern Partnership and in the EU's customs union. The findings indicate that more uploading opportunities can generally be expected, the more downloading is required, and the better the associated countries' access to EU bodies in the early stage of the formulation of new rules. Weak uploading opportunities make joint bodies more important for tweaking and rebuffing. The proposed conceptual framework contributes to the study of external differentiated integration and opens new research avenues.
The effect of antiretroviral therapyon the periodontal conditions of patients with HIV infection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ntolou Panagiota , Pani Pinelopi , Panis Vassileios , Madianos Phoebus , Vassilopoulos Spyridon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo assess any differences (1) in the prevalence of periodontitis and necrotizing periodontal diseases, specifically necrotizing gingivitis (NG) and necrotizing periodontitis (NP) between HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and those not receiving the therapy and (2) in the severity of periodontitis based on probing depths (PDs) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) between the two groups.Materials and MethodsSystematic electronic search on five databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo) was conducted to identify cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies reporting on prevalence of NG, NP and periodontitis among HIV patients who either receive or do not receive HAART treatment. The differences in clinical parameters of PDs and CAL among these patients were assessed.ResultsEighteen articles were considered. The meta‐analysis for NG showed that the overall assessment for the relative frequency ratio in the two groups was 0.45 (n = 7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.21, 0.97]; p < .042). Regarding NP, the overall assessment for the relative frequency ratio in both groups was 0.60 (n = 5; 95% CI [0.22, 1.64]; p = .321). With regard to periodontitis, the overall assessment for the relative frequency ratio in the two groups was 1.17 (n = 9; 95% CI [0.90, 1.52]; p = .248). No significant differences in PD and CAL were found between the two groups 0.00 (n = 3; 95% CI [−0.52, –0.53]; p = .985) and 0.32 (n = 3; 95% CI [−0.19, 0.82]; p = .22), respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of NG appeared to be significantly reduced in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. No statistical significant difference was found in the prevalence of NP or periodontitis between the two groups.
Triple scan evaluation of internal and marginal adaptation of overlays using different restorative materials
Authors: Kassis Cynthia , Mehanna Carina , Khoury Pierre , Tohme Hani , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos Enrique , Bourgi Rim , Lukomska‐Szymanska Monika , Hardan Louis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveProblems in the confection of indirect restorations may increase the marginal and internal gap. This study aimed to quantify the marginal and the internal fit of overlays fabricated with three different materials.Materials and methodsStandardized cavities were prepared on endodontically treated human third molars and digital impressions were done using an intraoral camera (Trios 3). Restorations were designed (n = 15) and fabricated with three materials: Hybrid ceramic (Cerasmart; GC Corp, EUROPE), high‐strength lithium disilicate (GC Initial® LiSi Press; GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan), and zirconia reinforced Lithium Silicate Glass Ceramic (Vita Suprinity; Vita, Germany). Axial, marginal, pulpal, and gingival gaps were calculated by measuring the distance between the restoration and the tooth at several reference points. Two‐Way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at α = 0.05.ResultsMean gap was significantly influenced by the material (p < 0.001), gap localization (p < 0.001), and interaction between the factors (p = 0.002). For all materials, the highest gap was observed at gingival and pulpal surfaces (p ≤ 0.015). LiSi Press achieved the overall lowest values at axial values measurements (p ≤ 0.003).ConclusionsThe performance of a CAD/CAM system relative to marginal adaptation is influenced by the restorative material used. High‐strength lithium disilicate seems to be showed the best marginal adaptation.Clinical significanceMarginal and internal adaptation of CAD/CAM restorations could be influenced by the type of material chosen.
Gabbroic eclogites formed during rapid and cold subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys oceanic lithosphere in the Changning–Menglian orogenic belt, southeastern Tibetan plateau
Authors: Wang Huining , Liu Fulai , Sun Zaibo , Ji Lei , Cai Jia , Zhu Jianjiang , Zhou Kun , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Changning–Menglian orogenic belt (CMOB) in the southeastern Tibetan plateau separates Gondwana‐ from Eurasia‐derived continental blocks and marks the main suture of the Paleo‐Tethys, as evidenced by a variety of oceanic basalt‐derived eclogites. However, it is uncertain whether the belt contains high‐pressure rocks derived from gabbro, which is a key component of oceanic ophiolite. Here, we present a study of newly discovered gabbroic eclogites from the CMOB. These eclogites preserve relic gabbroic crystals (diopside, bytownite/anorthite and ilmenite) that survived metamorphism and occur in the form of inclusions within porphyroblasts. The eclogites have positive εNd(t) values of +1 to +8 and have an affinity to N‐MORB, with positive Eu anomalies and no depletions in high‐field‐strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf). Cumulate gabbros generated in a mid‐ocean ridge setting are possible protoliths for the studied samples. The eclogite facies mineralogy is defined by the assemblage of garnet + omphacite + kyanite + talc + phengite + rutile, which was followed by the post‐kinematic crystallization of winchite and clinozoisite, and a later symplectite assemblage (diopside + sodic plagioclase + calcic amphibole + clinozoisite). Phase equilibrium modelling, average P–T thermobarometry and conventional mineral geothermobarometry constrain the P–T conditions for the peak‐stage and initial post‐peak‐stage metamorphism and symplectite formation to 25.6–27.1 kbar/595–637°C, 15.3–17.9 kbar/563–605°C and 5.5–7.3 kbar/470–500°C, respectively, consistent with a subduction depth of 75–85 km. Metamorphic zircons yielded a Triassic mean U–Pb age of 223.7 ± 2.9 Ma, which is interpreted to record the early‐stage decompressive overprinting. The similar paragenetic sequences, mineral evolution, peak P–T conditions and P–T–t paths for the gabbro‐ and basalt‐derived eclogites in the CMOB indicate that these rocks formed in the Paleo‐Tethys subduction regime. The lack of deformation, and the cold and rapid subduction history, contributed to the local preservation of gabbroic minerals and igneous textures under high‐pressure conditions in the studied rocks. The gabbroic eclogites provide insights into the detailed metamorphic evolution during the burial–exhumation cycle of ophiolites in the Paleo‐Tethyan regime.
Comparison of the neurobehavioural profile of early‐preterm infants against term and late‐preterm infants using the Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination
Authors: Ong Wei J , Baral Vijayendra R , L Ereno Imelda , Sultana Rehena , Yeo Cheo L 
Published: October 2022

AimTo compare the neurobehavioural profile of early‐preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation) at term‐corrected age (39+0–41+6 weeks) versus late‐preterm and full‐term infants at similar term gestational ages.MethodsEarly‐preterm infants were assessed neurologically at term‐corrected age using the Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination. The raw scores of the 34 Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination items were converted to optimality scores. Pairwise comparison of neurobehavioural patterns between early‐preterm infants at term‐corrected age versus late‐preterm and full‐term infants at similar gestational ages were made using independent sample t tests. Differences in optimality scores between the three groups were evaluated using one‐way analysis of variance.ResultsSixty‐eight early‐preterm infants assessed at term‐corrected age were compared against 75 late‐preterm infants and 133 full‐term infants. Mean total optimality scores (±standard deviation) of early‐preterm, late‐preterm and full‐term infants at term‐corrected age were 27.68 (±3.97), 29.09 (±2.45) and 31.58 (±1.39), respectively (P < 0.001). The mean optimality score of early‐preterm infants was significantly lower when compared pairwise with late‐preterm infants and full‐term infants with mean difference of −1.42 (P = 0.013) and −3.91 (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionThe neurobehavioural profile of early‐preterm infants lags significantly behind those of late‐preterm and full‐term infants at term‐corrected age. This study also provides reference raw and optimality scores for all items in the Hammersmith neonatal neurological examination for early‐preterm infants in a predominantly Asian population.
HpaP divergently regulates the expression of hrp genes in Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars oryzae and oryzicola
Authors: Li Rui‐Fang , Ren Pei‐Dong , Zhang Da‐Pei , Cui Ping , Zhu Gui‐Ning , Xian Xiao‐Yong , Tang Ji‐Liang , Lu Guang‐Tao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars oryzae (Xoo) and oryzicola (Xoc) cause leaf blight and leaf streak diseases on rice, respectively. Pathogenesis is largely defined by the virulence genes harboured in the pathogen genome. Recently, we demonstrated that the protein HpaP of the crucifer pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is an enzyme with both ATPase and phosphatase activities, and is involved in regulating the synthesis of virulence factors and the induction of the hypersensitive response (HR). In this study, we investigated the role of HpaP homologues in Xoo and Xoc. We showed that HpaP is required for full virulence of Xoo and Xoc. Deletion of hpaP in Xoo and Xoc led to a reduction in virulence and alteration in the production of virulence factors, including extracellular polysaccharide and cell motility. Comparative transcriptomics and reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR assays revealed that in XVM2 medium, a mimic medium of the plant environment, the expression levels of hrp genes (for HR and pathogenicity) were enhanced in the Xoo hpaP deletion mutant compared to the wild type. By contrast, in the same growth conditions, hrp gene expression was decreased in the Xoc hpaP deletion mutant compared to the wild type. However, an opposite expression pattern was observed when the pathogens grew in planta, where the expression of hrp genes was reduced in the Xoo hpaP mutant but increased in the Xoc hpaP mutant. These findings indicate that HpaP plays a divergent role in Xoo and Xoc, which may lead to the different infection strategies employed by these two pathogens.
Evolving policies for donors with diabetes: The Canadian experience
Authors: Miller Owen , Caffrey Niamh , O'Brien Sheila F. , Goldman Mindy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDonor criteria for diabetes vary significantly. We describe our evolving policies for donors with diabetes, their contribution to the Canadian blood supply and their rate of syncopal reactions compared to other donors.Materials and MethodsAll donors are asked if they have diabetes and have taken medications in the last 3 days. We assessed donors with diabetes on various medications, the number deferred over time, and syncopal reactions in donors with diabetes and other donors in our donor reaction database.ResultsPolicy changes allowing type 2 diabetic donors on oral hypoglycaemics alone, type 2 diabetic donors on oral medications and insulin and type 1 diabetic donors (all on insulin) to donate resulted in a decrease in deferrals from 450 to 22 donors annually. Of donors being treated with medication for diabetes, 11% are receiving insulin as part of their treatment. Syncopal reaction rates were low and not statistically different between diabetic and non‐diabetic donors, although confidence intervals (CIs) are large.ConclusionPolicies decreased deferrals while maintaining safety. A longer observation period would strengthen these observations.