bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Computational fluid dynamics/finite volume method—CFD/FVM
Authors: Van Hoecke Laurens , Boeye Dieter , Gonzalez‐Quiroga Arturo , Patience Gregory S. , Perreault Patrice 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) applies numerical methods to solve transport phenomena problems. These include, for example, problems related to fluid flow comprising the Navier–Stokes transport equations for either compressible or incompressible fluids, together with turbulence models and continuity equations for single and multi‐component (reacting and inert) systems. The design space is first segmented into discrete volume elements (meshing). The finite volume method, the subject of this article, discretizes the equations in time and space to produce a set of non‐linear algebraic expressions that are assigned to each volume element—cell. The system of equations is solved iteratively with algorithms like the semi‐implicit method for pressure‐linked equations (SIMPLE) and the pressure implicit splitting of operators (PISO). CFD is especially useful for testing multiple design elements because it is often faster and cheaper than experiments. The downside is that this numerical method is based on models that require validation to check their accuracy. According to a bibliometric analysis, the broad research domains in chemical engineering include: (1) dynamics and CFD‐DEM, (2) fluid flow, heat transfer, and turbulence, (3) mass transfer and combustion, (4) ventilation and the environment, and (5) design and optimization. Here, we review the basic theoretical concepts of CFD and illustrate how to set up a problem in the open‐source software OpenFOAM to isomerize n‐butane to i‐butane in a notched reactor under turbulent conditions. We simulated the problem with 1000, 4000, and 16 000 cells. According to the Richardson extrapolation, the simulation underestimates the adiabatic temperature rise by 7% with 16 000 cells.
A Phase 1 Thorough QT/QTc Study of Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses of Belumosudil in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Schueller Olivier , Lohmer Lauren , Xue Hongqi , Darpo Borje , Patel Jeegar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBelumosudil is a selective Rho‐associated, coiled‐coil‐containing protein kinase‐2 inhibitor. In this crossover design thorough QT/QTc study, single therapeutic (200 mg) and supratherapeutic (1000 mg) oral doses of belumosudil, moxifloxacin (positive control), and placebo were administered to 34 subjects. Twelve‐lead electrocardiograms and serial pharmacokinetic sampling were acquired. The effect of belumosudil on the placebo‐corrected, change‐from‐baseline QTcF was small, and an effect exceeding 10 ms could be excluded across all time points with both doses. Using concentration–QTc analysis, an effect on ΔΔQTcF >10 ms can be excluded up to belumosudil concentrations of ≈12 080 ng/mL, more than 2‐fold above mean Cmax after the supratherapeutic dose. There was no clinically relevant effect on heart rate or cardiac conduction (ie, the PR and QRS intervals) for belumosudil. No differences in safety were noted between belumosudil and placebo treatment. Assay sensitivity was demonstrated by moxifloxacin's effect on the QTc interval. In conclusion, belumosudil at therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses did not have a clinically meaningful effect on electrocardiogram parameters.
Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Green supply chain management as a mediating variable
Authors: Novitasari Maya , Wijaya Anggita Langgeng , Agustin Nindya Mariana , Gunardi Ardi , Dana Leo‐Paul 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to test the impact between corporate social responsibility and firm performance using green supply chain management as mediation. The type of this study is quantitative research, using purposive method sampling with 211 PROPER corporates listed in the 2015–2019 period. The study data were obtained from the Indonesia Stock exchange market. The study resulted in an indication of the positive effect of corporate social responsibility implementation on green supply chain management, the firm performance benefits positively from green supply chain management, corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on firm performance and green supply chain management can be a mediating variable between corporate social responsibility and firm performance. Corporates in Indonesia are faced with pressure from stakeholders regarding their environmental impact. This could push the application of corporate social responsibility and green supply chain management in Indonesian corporates to increase their firm performance.
Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation of Squalene Using Parts per Million Levels of Palladium Supported on Carbon Nanotubes: Shift from Batch Reactor to Continuous‐Flow System
Authors: Guicheret Boris , Vanoye Laurent , Rivera‐Cárcamo Camila , de Bellefon Claude , Serp Philippe , Philippe Régis , Favre‐Réguillon Alain 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe transition from batch catalytic processes to continuous flow processes requires highly active and stable catalysts that still need to be developed. The preparation and characterization of catalysts where palladium single atoms and nanoparticles are simultaneously present on carbon nanotubes were recently reported by us. These catalysts are considerably more active than commercial or previously described catalysts for the liquid phase hydrogenation of terpenes. Herein is shown that under solvent‐free conditions, squalene (SQE) could be converted into squalane (SQA,>98 %) using only 300 ppm of Pd in less than 1.4 h at 20 bar H2and 120 °C. Catalyst stability was assessed in a lab‐scale flow reactor, and long‐term experiments led to turnover number (TON) higher than 300000 without any detectable loss in the activity. Then, the implementation of this catalyst in a commercial intensified continuous‐flow milli‐reactor pilot was achieved. High purity SQA (>98 %) could be obtained by continuous hydrogenation of solvent‐free SQE at 180 °C and 30 bar H2with a contact time below 15 min. A production capacity of 3.6 kg per day of SQA could be obtained with an effective reactor volume (VR) of 43.2 mL for this complex 3 phase reaction. Large‐scale production can now be foreseen thanks to seamless scale‐up provided by the continuous flow pilot supplier.
Regulatory T‐cell development in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Itahashi Kota , Irie Takuma , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells are required for maintaining self‐tolerance and preventing the development of autoimmune diseases. However, Treg cells are abundant in tumors and suppress antitumor immunity, contributing to tumor development and growth. Thus, the selective deletion of tumor‐infiltrating Treg cells is important for successful Treg cell‐targeted therapies, providing effective antitumor immunity without inducing deleterious autoimmune disorders. Advancements in sequencing technologies have exposed the diversity and heterogeneity of human Treg cells during activation and differentiation, further emphasizing the importance of understanding tumor‐infiltrating Treg cells for the development of Treg cell‐targeted therapies. This review provides an overview of the classification and function of Treg cells and summarizes recent knowledge on the activation and differentiation of Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Assessing the effectiveness of public health interventions for Covid‐19 in Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Zahariadis Nikolaos , Exadaktylos Theofanis , Sparf Jörgen , Petridou Evangelia , Kyriakidis Alexandros , Papadopoulos Ioannis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we statistically examine the effectiveness of non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented by the national governments of Greece and Cyprus during 2020 to (a) limit the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, and (b) mitigate the economic fallout brought about by the Covid‐19 pandemic. Applying a modified health belief model, we hypothesize that behavioral outcomes at the policy level are a function of NPIs, perceived severity, and social context. We employ a Prais‐Winsten estimation in 2‐week averages and report panel‐corrected standard errors to find that NPIs have clear, yet differential, effects on public health and the economy in terms of statistical significance and time lags. The study provides a critical framework to inform future interventions during emerging pandemics.
Synthesis of luminescent graphene quantum dots from biomass waste materials for energy‐related applications—An overview
Authors: Kharangarh Poonam R. , Ravindra Nuggehalli M. , Singh Gurmeet , Umapathy Siva 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA review of the current developments in the synthesis of graphene fragments of porous carbon material by utilizing green precursors in the form of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their applications in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells is presented in this study. Two different approaches, including top‐down and bottom‐up, are discussed. The experimental approaches include hydrothermal or solvothermal method, microwave‐assisted method, electrochemical oxidation, controllable synthesis, oxidative cleavage, and carbonization from small molecules or polymers. The advantages and disadvantages of the green synthesis of GQDs are discussed. Current challenges and prospective applications of GQDs in energy‐related areas are presented. A brief outlook is provided for addressing the problems for further advancement of GQDs. It is anticipated that the results discussed in this study will lead to a better understanding of GQDs as well as their significant roles in developing innovative strategies and applications.
Direct chemical induction of hepatocyte‐like cells with capacity for liver repopulation
Authors: Bai Yunfei , Yang Zhenghao , Xu Xiaochan , Ding Wanqiu , Qi Juntian , Liu Feng , Wang Xiaoxiao , Zhou Bin , Zhang Wenpeng , Zhuang Xiaomei , Li Guanglu , Zhao Yang 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Cell fate can be directly reprogrammed from accessible cell types (e.g., fibroblasts) into functional cell types by exposure to small molecule stimuli. However, no chemical reprogramming method has been reported to date that successfully generates functional hepatocyte‐like cells that can repopulate liver tissue, casting doubt over the feasibility of chemical reprogramming approaches to obtain desirable cell types for therapeutic applications.

Approach and Results:
Here, through chemical induction of phenotypic plasticity, we provide a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the direct chemical reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into functional hepatocyte‐like cells using exposure to small molecule cocktails in culture medium to successively stimulate endogenous expression of master transcription factors associated with hepatocyte development, such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a, nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4. RNA sequencing analysis, metabolic assays, and in vivo physiological experiments show that chemically induced hepatocytes (CiHeps) exhibit comparable activity and function to primary hepatocytes, especially in liver repopulation to rescue liver failure in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase−/−recombination activating gene 2−/−interleukin 2 receptor, gamma chain−/− mice in vivo. Single‐cell RNA‐seq further revealed that gastrointestinal‐like and keratinocyte‐like cells were induced along with CiHeps, resembling the activation of an intestinal program within hepatic reprogramming as described in transgenic approaches.

Conclusions
Our findings show that direct chemical reprogramming can generate hepatocyte‐like cells with high‐quality physiological properties, providing a paradigm for establishing hepatocyte identity in fibroblasts and demonstrating the potential for chemical reprogramming in organ/tissue repair and regeneration therapies.
Electroacupuncture promotes nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats with spinal cord contusion through the coordinate interaction of CD4 and BDNF
Authors: Zhang Bao‐Lei , Guo Xi‐Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo explore the effect of electroacupuncture on spinal cord injury (SCI) involving immune‐related factors and regeneration‐related factors in rats. The model of spinal cord contusion was established by PCI 3000 instrument. Two types of acupuncture points were selected for electroacupuncture treatment on rats. The rats were tested once a week, and the fiber remodeling was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on spinal scar samples. Using Python to write code, statistical analysis and bioinformatics analysis of the correlation between transcriptome sequencing data and fiber reconstruction results are carried out. Lastly, the expression of CD4 and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in spinal cord scar was verified by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Electroacupuncture exhibited a positive effect on the recovery of motor function in rats after SCI. Bioinformatics analysis found a direct interaction between CD4 and BDNF. Transcriptome sequencing and PCR results verified that electroacupuncture significantly reduced the expression of CD4, and increased significantly the expression of BDNF, simultaneously corresponding to nerve regeneration in rats with SCI. Our results showed that electroacupuncture intervention in SCI rats improves neural behavior via inhibiting the expression of CD4 and increasing the expression of BDNF.
Banking performance and institutional quality: Evidence from dynamic panel data analysis
Authors: Kumar Ameet , Ahmed Khalid , Bhayo Mujeeb‐u‐Rehman , Kalhoro Muhammad Ramzan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to pioneer in investigating the role of two major components of governance (i.e., corruption and political stability) in banking performance in the case of 21 emerging countries. Using time‐series data from 2010 to 2017 with annual frequency, this study uses a comprehensive measure that assesses banking performance called capital‐adequacy, asset‐quality, management‐efficiency, earnings and liquidity (CAMEL). However, for empirical analysis, this study utilises the dynamic panel data modelling technique, that is, System‐GMM and Pooled‐OLS and margins plot, for robust and policy‐oriented outcomes. We find that higher corruption and political instability negatively affect asset quality, earnings, and management efficiency and positively affect the banks' liquidity. More interestingly, higher corruption is more harmful than lower political stability. It negatively affects the banking performance directly and intensifies the impact of the lower stability on banking performance. This study has implications for regulators, bankers, and investors.
Substance use confounds associations between peer victimization and aggression in adolescence with mental disorders in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Sarala Marian , Miettunen Jouko , Alakokkare Anni‐Emilia , Mustonen Antti , Scott James G. , Thomas Hannah J. , Hurtig Tuula , Niemelä Solja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeer victimization and aggression in adolescence are associated with later mental health morbidity. However, studies examining this association have not controlled for adolescent substance use. We aimed to study the associations between peer victimization, peer aggression, and mental disorders in adulthood, adjusting for substance use in adolescence.MethodsParticipants were from the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. Data were available for 6682 individuals (70.8% of the original sample). Peer victimization and peer aggression were assessed with items from the Achenbach Youth Self Report at ages 15−16 years. Outcomes were nonorganic psychosis, anxiety disorder, mood disorder, substance use disorder, and any mental disorder (a none‐vs‐any indicator) at age 33 years collected from nationwide health care, insurance, and pension registers. Family structure, alcohol intoxication frequency, daily smoking, illicit drug use, and baseline psychopathology using Youth Self‐Report total score, and parental mental disorders were considered as confounding factors.ResultsIn multivariable analyses, the association between peer victimization and psychosis (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2−6.9, p = .020) and mood disorder (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2−2.4, p = .012) in females remained significant after adjusting for confounders. Other associations between female and male peer victimization or aggression and the studied outcomes attenuated after adjustments.ConclusionsSome associations between peer victimization and aggression and later mental health morbidity are explained by adolescent substance use. For females, substance use does not account for the increased risk of psychosis and mood disorder in those who experience peer victimization.
Differential Blood Counts Do Not Consistently Predict Clinical Measurements of Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture at Homeostasis
Authors: Schyrr Frederica , Marques‐Vidal Pedro , Hans Didier , Lamy Olivier , Naveiras Olaia 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe hematopoietic stem cell niche constitutes a complex bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Osteoporosis is characterized by both reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitectural deterioration, constituting the most frequent alteration of the BM microenvironment. It is unclear to which extent modifications of the BM microenvironment, including in the context of osteoporosis, influence blood cell production. We aimed to describe the association between lumbar spine and total hip BMD and microarchitecture (assessed by trabecular bone score [TBS]) and differential blood counts. Data were collected at two time points from 803 (first assessment) and 901 (second assessment) postmenopausal women participating in the CoLaus/OsteoLaus cohort, a population‐based sample in Lausanne, Switzerland. Participants with other active disease or treatment that could influence hematopoiesis or osteoporosis were excluded. Bivariate and multivariate associations between each peripheral blood cell count and BMD or TBS were performed. Additionally, participants in the highest BMD and TBS tertiles were compared with participants in the lowest BMD and TBS tertiles. At first assessment, only neutrophils were significantly different in the lowest BMD and TBS tertile (3.18 ± 0.09 versus 3.47 ± 0.08 G/L, p = 0.028). At the second assessment, leucocytes (5.90 ± 0.11 versus 5.56 ± 0.10 G/L, p = 0.033), lymphocytes (1.87 ± 0.04 versus 1.72 ± 0.04 G/L p = 0.033), and monocytes (0.49 ± 0.01 versus 0.46 ± 0.1 G/L, p = 0.033) were significantly different. Power analysis did not identify quasi‐significant associations missed due to sample size. Although significant associations between blood counts and BMD or TBS were found, none was consistent across bone measurements or assessments. This study suggests that, at homeostasis and in postmenopausal women, there is no clinically significant association between the osteoporotic microenvironment and blood production output as measured by differential blood counts. In the context of conflicting reports on the relationship between osteoporosis and hematopoiesis, our study represents the first prospective two time‐point analysis of a large, homogenous cohort at steady state. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Telomere Length and Risk of Incident Fracture and Arthroplasty: Findings From UK Biobank
Authors: Curtis Elizabeth M. , Codd Veryan , Nelson Christopher , D'Angelo Stefania , Wang Qingning , Allara Elias , Kaptoge Stephen , Matthews Paul M. , Tobias Jonathan H. , Danesh John , Cooper Cyrus , Samani Nilesh J. , Harvey Nicholas C. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We investigated independent associations between telomere length and risk of fracture and arthroplasty in UK Biobank participants. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured in baseline samples using a validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We used, in men and women separately, Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident fracture (any, osteoporotic) or arthroplasty (hip or knee) over 1,186,410 person-years of follow-up. Covariates included age, white cell count, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and menopause (women). In further analyses we adjusted for either estimated bone mineral density (eBMD) from heel quantitative ultrasound, handgrip strength, gait speed, total fat mass (bioimpedance), or blood biomarkers, all measured at baseline (2006–2010). We studied 59,500 women and 51,895 men, mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 56.4 ± 8.0 and 57.0 ± 8.3 years, respectively. During follow-up there were 5619 fractures; 5285 hip and 4261 knee arthroplasties. In confounder-adjusted models, longer LTL was associated with reduced risk of incident knee arthroplasty in both men (HR/SD 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.97) and women (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96), and hip arthroplasty in men (0.91; 95% CI, 0.87–0.95), but not women (0.98; 95% CI, 0.94–1.01). Longer LTL was weakly associated with reduced risk of any incident fracture in women (HR/SD 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–1.00) with less evidence in men (0.98; 95% CI, 0.93–1.02). Associations with incident outcomes were not materially altered by adjustment for heel eBMD, grip strength, gait speed, fat mass, or blood biomarker measures. In this, the largest study to date, longer LTL was associated with lower risk of incident knee or hip arthroplasty, but only weakly associated with lower risk of fracture. The relative risks were low at a population level, but our findings suggest that common factors acting on the myeloid and musculoskeletal systems might influence later life musculoskeletal outcomes. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Genetic variants associated with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in western China
Authors: Liao Shenling , An Kang , Liu Zhi , He He , An Zhenmei , Su Qiaoli , Li Shuangqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to confirm the association between some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in western China.MethodsA total of 286 cases and 250 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. All samples were genotyped for patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) rs738409, transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926, membrane‐bound O‐acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) rs641738, glucokinase regulator (GCKR) rs1260326 and rs780094, and GATA zinc finger domain containing 2A (GATAD2A) rs4808199. Using logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the association between MAFLD and each SNP under different models. Multiple linear regression was used to find the association between SNPs and laboratory characteristics. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was applied to test SNP–SNP interactions.ResultsThe recessive model and additive model of PNPLA3 rs738409 variant were related to MAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.791 and 1.377, respectively, p = 0.038 and 0.027, respectively). However, after Benjamini‐Hochberg adjustment for multiple tests, all associations were no longer statistically significant. PNPLA3 rs738409 correlated with AST levels. GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 negatively correlated with serum glucose but positively correlated with triglycerides in MAFLD. Based on MDR analysis, the best single‐locus and multilocus models for MAFLD risk were rs738409 and six‐locus models, respectively.ConclusionsIn the Han population in western China, no association was found between these SNPs and the risk of MAFLD. PNPLA3 rs738409 was associated with aspartate aminotransferase levels in MAFLD patients. GCKR variants were associated with increased triglyceride levels and reduced serum fasting glucose in patients with MAFLD.