bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Girl Child Marriage and its Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Roy Avijit , Chouhan Pradip 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Child marriage is not a new phenomenon in India. The prevalence of child marriage remains high in many districts of West Bengal.

Objectives:
The present study aims to address socioeconomic factors associated with girl child marriage and its effect on selected pregnancy outcomes among women in the Malda district of West Bengal.

Methods:
The study is based on primary data, collected from the Manikchak CD block by adopting a random sample survey technique. The participants in the study consisted of 357 ever married women aged 15–49 years.

Results:
Multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of child marriage was substantially higher among women who had no formal education resided in the marginalized family. Similarly, educated parents were less likely to marry their daughter at an early age. Besides, the likelihood of miscarried or stillbirth, complications during pregnancy and delivery were significantly higher among those married <18 years than those married at 18 years or later.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest preventing child marriage by increasing opportunities for girls' education and employment. The targeted approach should be made among rural and poor girls to reduce the vulnerability of child marriage.
Breastfeeding Positioning and Attachment among Postnatal Mothers
Authors: Nancy S. , Sindhuri R. , Arunagirinathan Arulkumaran , Dongre Amol R. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Proper positioning and attachment play a key role in exclusive breastfeeding. Whereas incorrect breastfeeding techniques lead to poor milk transfer and early discontinuation of breastfeeding.

Objectives:
1. To assess the breastfeeding techniques among postnatal mothers and to identify the factors associated with improper positioning and poor attachment. 2. To prioritize the action points to improve the poor breastfeeding practices according to the viewpoint of the staff nurses.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based mixed-methods study was carried out in Puducherry for 6 months. In quantitative phase, 99 postnatal mothers were interviewed consecutively and breastfeeding techniques were observed based on Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness guidelines. In qualitative phase, 45 staff nurses ranked the action points to improve the poor breastfeeding practices. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed. Mean rank and Kendalls' Concordance Coefficient were calculated for the ranked data.

Results:
About 28.3% and 27.3% of mothers demonstrated improper positioning and poor attachment, respectively. Young mothers, housewives, <10 days old infants, and failure to receive breastfeeding counseling were associated with poor breastfeeding techniques. Poster displays, healthcare workers' training, targeted counseling, and assistance were the priority action points suggested by the staff nurses.

Conclusion:
Maternal age, maternal occupation, infants' age, and breastfeeding counseling influenced breastfeeding techniques. The prioritized action points need to be implemented to achieve the level of Baby Friendly Hospital.
COVID-19 Serological Survey-3 Prior to Second Wave in Mumbai, India
Authors: Velhal Gajanan D. , Shastri Jayanthi S. , Shah Daksha , Agrawal Sachee R. , Gomare Mangala , Sadawarte Deepika Mandar 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Subsequent to serosurveys 1 and 2 for COVID-19 carried out in three wards of Mumbai in July and August 2020, Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai conducted serosurvey 3 in March 2021. This was to identify the extent of exposure by testing specific IgG antibodies against COVID-19.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to find the prevalence of seropositivity in Mumbai, which included 10,197 samples belonging to patients visiting public dispensaries (slum population, 6006) and private (nonslum population, 4191) laboratories of Aapli Chikitsa network for blood investigations for non-COVID illnesses. The ward-wise number of unlinked anonymous samples from 24 wards was predecided by using probability proportionate sampling. The samples were collected using quota sampling technique as per predecided sample for each ward. These samples collected from nonimmunized individuals were tested for IgG antibodies at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases by chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) method.

Results:
The overall seropositivity was found to be 36.3% (41.6% in slum and 28.59% in nonslum population). It was more in city wards (38.28%) followed by western suburb (36.47%) and then eastern suburb wards (34.86%), matching with the proportion of cases in these wards during the study period. There was no significant difference in seropositivity among males and females and in different age groups.

Conclusions:
Seropositivity is higher in slum areas than nonslum areas. It has reduced in slum areas and increased in nonslum areas as compared to findings of serosurveys 1 and 2. This explains the detection of a greater number of cases from nonslum areas in the second wave. The average seropositivity of 36.3% justifies the necessity of immunization on a wider scale in the city. Periodic serosurveys are required at fixed intervals to monitor the trend of infection and level of herd immunity.
The influence of MTAD and QMix on the accuracy of electronic apex locator in locating simulated perforations
Authors: Dumani A , Ates AA , Ucan CS , Yilmaz S , Unal I , Yoldas O 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the electronic actual length in detecting artificial perforations of the root canal in the presence of saline solution (NaCl, (Eczacibasi, Istanbul, Turkey), chlorhexidine [CHX (Werax, Tunadent, Izmir, Turkey)], QMix (Dentsply Tulsa, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and MTAD (Dentsply, Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA).

Materials and Methods:
The root canals of 25 single-rooted extracted human teeth were perforated artificially in the middle section of the root. The actual lengths up to the perforation site were measured and then, the teeth were embedded in an alginate mold. Electronic measurements of the perforations were obtained by an electronic apex locator according to the manufacturers' recommendations under dry conditions and in the presence of NaCl, CHX, MTAD, and QMix using a #20 K-file. Each canal was irrigated with distilled water and then dried with paper points between the measurements. Statistical analyses were performed using the Friedman test and Spearman Rank correlation coefficient to assess the correlations between the measurement methods.

Results:
Highest correlation between the actual length and the electronic measurement was observed under dry conditions and NaCl solution (r: 0.932, r: 0.940 respectively), and the least correlation was observed with MTAD solution (r: 0.697) using statistical analysis. Moreover, the accuracy of the electronic apex locator with different irrigation solutions was statistically different from each other (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The most accurate electronic measurements of artificial perforation were obtained under dry conditions or with NaCl.
3D assessment of facial contours of patients wearing either complete denture or implant-supported fixed dentures
Authors: Demirekin ZB , Günaydın A , Çavdarlı K , Fındık Y , Türkaslan S , Baykul T 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Total edentulousness leads to soft tissue changes causing esthetic problems. Being aware of the significant effects of different treatment approaches on facial soft tissue can help to obtain more satisfying esthetic results.

Aim:
The current study's objective was to evaluate three-dimensional facial soft tissue changes in edentulous patients rehabilitated with a complete denture (CD) and implant-supported fixed partial denture (FPD).

Material and Methods:
Fourteen edentulous patients, mean age of 47.6 years (42–63), were assessed before prosthetic treatments (T0), after CD (T1), and after FPD (T2). 3dMDface System (3dMD LLC) obtained the images and transferred them to 3dMD Vultus software (3dMD Vultus software Version 2.3.0.2). Nine linear, five angular, and one topographical measurement were performed for facial soft tissue analysis. For statistical analysis of facial soft tissue, ANOVA was used with a level of significance set at 5% (p <.05).

Results:
Significant differences were observed in lower lip height (Sto-Sl) and nasolabial angle (Prn Sn Ls) with CD. There is no significant difference with the implant-supported fixed partial dentures in these measurements when compared with pretreatment. Significant differences were observed in the lower lip angle (Chr Li Chl) with the implant-supported fixed partial dentures. There is no significant difference with CD in this measurement when compared with pretreatment. According to the paired comparisons, a significant difference was observed in philtrum height (Ls-Sn) between the treatment approaches.

Conclusion:
CD and implant-supported fixed partial dentures, both treatment approaches, cause facial soft tissue changes, which may help to improve the facial esthetic. The effects of these treatment methods on facial soft tissues are not significantly different, except the philtrum height.
Correlation of Cardiovascular Risk Parameters with Serum IL.6 and C-RP in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ghamri RA , Alghalayini KW , Baig M 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
Determine the correlation between cardiovascular risk parameters with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Patients and Methods:
Blood samples were obtained from 100 AMI patients (aged 40--60 years) admitted to the intensive care unit of our institution from March 2019 to February 2020, and from 40 age- and BMI-matched healthy adults.

Results:
Median IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in the AMI group (P < 0.001), as were fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, and LDLc, while HDLc was significantly lower. In the AMI group, hs-CRP was significantly correlated with BMI (r = 0.531; P < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.448; P < 0.001). No significant differences in hs-CRP and IL-6 levels were observed between male and female AMI patients (5.90 ± 2.0 vs. 6.80 ± 8.2, P = 0.166; 21.23 ± 8.2 vs. 21.06 ± 8.7, P = 0.948, respectively), although IL-6 levels significantly differed between male and female controls (6.64 ± 3.0 vs. 9.74 ± 4.7, P = 0.017).

Conclusion:
IL-6 and hsCRP were significantly higher in the AMI group; however, no correlations with the biochemical parameters were observed. Further research into their involvement in the pathogenesis of AMI is needed.
What is the relationship of varicose vein pathogenesis with collagen fibers?
Authors: Koçarslan S , Koçarslan1 A , Doğaner A , Yasim A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
In this study, the densities of collagen 1 and collagen 4, which are an effective vascular component in the remodelling of varicose veins, were investigated.

Materials and Methods:
The study included primary varicose vein samples of 20 patients and vein samples of 20 healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using collagen 1 and collagen 4 antibodies. Histochemical staining was performed using Masson Trichrome.

Results:
In the immunohistochemical analysis of varicose samples, collagen 1 immunostaining was negative in 17 cases (85%) and positive in 3 cases (15%). In healthy venous tissue samples, collagen 1 immunostaining was negative in 12 cases (60%) and positive in 8 cases (40%). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups concerning collagen 1 immunostaining (p > 0.05). In varicose samples, collagen 4 immunostaining was negative in 4 cases (20%) and positive in 16 cases (80%). In healthy venous tissue samples, collagen 4 immunostaining was negative in 13 cases (65%) and positive in 7 cases (35%). Statistical comparison of healthy veins and varicose veins concerning collagen 4 immunostaining showed a significant difference (p = 0.03). In the histochemical analysis of varicose samples, Masson Trichrome staining was negative in 4 cases (20%) and positive in 16 cases (80%). In healthy venous tissue samples, Masson Trichrome staining was negative in 18 cases (90%) and positive in 2 cases (10%). Statistical comparison of healthy veins and varicose veins concerning collagen 4 immunostaining showed a significant difference (p = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The change in the density of collagen types plays an important role in vein wall remodeling.
Hematuria frequency and association with abnormal urological findings in medical check-up patients
Authors: Sarier M , Demir M , Emek M , Turgut H 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
Hematuria is one of the most common findings in urology. The management of hematuria detected in routine medical check-ups is also important in this respect. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hematuria in patients undergoing medical check-ups and evaluate its association with abnormal urological findings in laboratory tests and imaging.

Patients and Methods:
Asymptomatic patients who presented to the check-up clinic between January 1 and December 31, 2020, were included. All patients underwent a complete laboratory workup and total abdominal ultrasound (TAUS). The distribution of hematuria by sex and age and the relationship between hematuria and abnormal urological findings in the laboratory tests and TAUS were calculated.

Results:
The mean age of the 2,077 check-up patients was 45.8 ± 12.8 years. The female to male ratio was 1.07:1, and there was no significant difference in age between the sexes (P = 0.655). Microscopic hematuria was detected in 15.9% of the patients. The frequency of hematuria was 10.8% in men and 20.7% in women (P < 0.001). Men with hematuria were significantly older than men without hematuria (P = 0.033), whereas hematuria was not associated with age in women (P = 0.521). When its relationship between abnormal urological findings was evaluated, hematuria had a sensitivity of 21.70% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.84, 24.86) and a specificity of 87.11% (95% CI: 85.23, 88.79).

Conclusion:
The frequency of hematuria in check-up patients was remarkable, at 15.9%. Hematuria in women is more common and unrelated to age, unlike in men. Hematuria had a high specificity but low sensitivity for urological abnormal findings.
Primary minor salivary gland tumors
Authors: Akpeh JO , Okechi UC , Ezeanolue BC 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Tumors of the minor salivary glands (MSGs) are rare. They constitute a wide range of histologic types despite their low frequency.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and pathological features of 11 different tumors of MSGs presented at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu and to compare them with similar studies done elsewhere.

Patients and Method:
This is a retrospective study of patients with tumors involving the MSGs seen at the OMFS and ORL clinics, UNTH. Information regarding demographic characteristics, duration at first presentation, types of tumors, site and side affected, and treatment given were recorded in patients' medical records. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23; qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square test.

Result:
One hundred and thirty three cases of various lesions involving the salivary gland were seen within the study period. Fifty three (39.8%) patients met the inclusion criteria and are reported further. Twenty eight (28) cases occurred in males. The mean age of the patients was 39.8 years STD 16.5, while the mean duration of the swellings at presentation was 45.5 months STD 35.4. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common of the 29 (54.7%) benign histopathologic type seen. The soft palate was the commonest site affected 37 (69.8%). Local excision with wide margin was adequate in treating majority of the swellings 40 (75.5%), while 1 (1.9%) case of recurrence was seen within the study period.

Conclusion:
Tumors involving the MSGs are uncommon; males are mostly affected in our environment.
Evaluation of iron status in anemic pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Waziri B , Babawale BT , Mabayoje MO 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Data on iron status are generally less readily available in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients than in the hemodialysis population. In Nigeria, little is known about iron indices in patients with CKD.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the iron status among anemic pre-dialysis patients with CKD.

Patients and Methods:
Using a cross-sectional study design, we evaluated serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) among 63 pre-dialysis CKD patients with anemia attending our outpatient nephrology clinic. CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 months or more, while anemia was defined as a hemoglobin concentration (Hb) less than 11 g/dl.

Results:
The mean age of the study participants was 52.5 ± 12.7 years and 33 (52.4%) of the patients were females. The most common causes of CKD were hypertension (44.4%) and diabetic nephropathy (30.6%). The mean Hb, mean serum ferritin, and mean TSAT were 9.2 ± 1.1 g/dl, 106.6 ± 72.7 ng/ml, and 24.3% ± 7.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in median ferritin (91[interquartile range: 54-133] ng/ml versus 106 [interquartile range: 45-151; P=0.75) and mean TSAT (24.9 ± 7.2 % versus 23.8 ± 7.7 %; P=0.54) between male and female study participants; Half (50.8%) of the study participants had absolute iron deficiency (serum ferritin <100 ng/ml) and 6.3% had functional iron deficiency (ferritin >100 ng/ml and TSAT <20%).

Conclusion:
Iron deficiency is common among anemic adult Nigerian pre-dialysis CKD patients. Results of iron studies should guide therapy when correcting anemia in these patients.
MARKETING DO CONHECIMENTO: UM ARCABOUÇO TEÓRICO CONCEITUAL
Authors: Da Silva Paz Marisol , Castro de Almeida Cunha Cristiano José , Pereira Ricardo 
Published: March 2022

Diversas mudanças que ocorrem no estudo de marketing têm sido propostas, por muitos estudiosos da área, como um novo paradigma. Já, o conhecimento se tornou o objeto direto ou indireto da economia de troca, mas, apesar disso, estudos teóricos e empíricos sobre essa economia, ou que abordam diretamente este tema ainda são extremamente escassos. Este artigo investiga a questão do “marketing do conhecimento”, que é cada vez mais importante na atualidade. O objetivo é conduzir um exame crítico dos estudos atuais para evidenciar e discutir as referências básicas que podem conceber um ponto de partida na formatação de um constructo para o “marketing do conhecimento”.
Heart Rate Training
Authors: Benson Roy , Connolly Declan 
Published: March 2022

If you’re serious about your sport, you’re serious about conditioning. Now, with one small device, you can apply the latest technology, science, and research to take the guesswork out of training, monitor progress, and see results. Heart RateTraining will show you how!
From functions, features, and operational advice for your device to interpreting and applying the results, Heart RateTraining is a step-by-step guide to optimizing performance. You’ll learn how, when, and why monitors can, and should, be incorporated into your workouts, training, and conditioning program to produce maximum results.
In Heart Rate Training, authors Roy Benson and Declan Connolly show you how to determine deficiencies in training and performance, create targeted programs to increase endurance, raise lactate threshold, increase speed and power, and monitor your recovery between workouts. And the sample programs allow you to manipulate the training components to design a long-term training plan across eight endurance sports: walking, running, cycling, swimming, triathlon, rowing, cross-country skiing, and team sports.
When you’re ready to take training and performance to the next level, turn to Heart Rate Training and achieve your personal best.
Pilates and Conditioning for Athletes
Authors: Lademann Amy , Lademann Rick 
Published: March 2022

Gain the competitive edge with the innovative training methods in Pilates and Conditioning for Athletes. This science-based, multidimensional approach to athletic conditioning helps you build a strong and flexible foundation by infusing Pilates into training, resulting in complete training programs that tap into the seven pillars of training needed for success:
• Agility
• Flexibility
• Mobility
• Power
• Speed
• Stability
• Strength
Begin with proven assessment protocols that have helped elite and professional athletes reach the pinnacle of their careers and remain there. Evaluate your movement patterns, range of motion, strength base, flexibility, and core strength to determine your baseline and guide your selection of exercises and sequences to turn weaknesses into strengths.
Then follow detailed instructions for 124 Pilates mat and traditional conditioning exercises to strengthen your core, improve your posture, increase flexibility, and correct muscle imbalances. You will learn the following:
• Breathing exercises to increase lung capacity and reduce stress
• Stretching routines to open your hips, hamstrings, and back
• Joint articulation to improve range of motion and balance
• Resistance training for strength and power
• Medicine ball training for working in diagonal and transverse planes
• A dynamic warm-up series to begin each training session
You can take the confusion out of your training plan by adding one or more of the 19 foundational, intermediate, and sport-specific workouts to help you achieve your performance goals.
Successful athletes never leave their training to chance: Every workout is planned, every exercise is done for a specific reason, and each movement and program builds upon the previous one. Whether you are a weekend warrior, a college or professional athlete, or a 70-year-old triathlete, Pilates and Conditioning for Athletes will help you incorporate Pilates training to become a stronger, faster, healthier, and better-equipped athlete.