bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On distance-regular graphs withc2= 2
Authors: Makhnev Alexandr A. , Nirova Marina S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLetΓbe a distance-regular graph of diameter 3 withc2= 2 (any two vertices with distance 2 between them have exactly two common neighbors). Then the neighborhoodΔof the vertexwinΓis a partial line space. In view of the Brouwer–Neumaier result eitherΔis the union of isolated (λ+ 1)-cliques or the degrees of verticesk≥λ(λ+ 3)/2, and in the case of equalityk= 5,λ= 2 andΓis the icosahedron graph. A. A. Makhnev, M. P. Golubyatnikov and Wenbin Guo have investigated distance-regular graphsΓof diameter 3 such thatΓ3is the pseudo-geometrical network graph. They have found a new infinite set {2u2−2m2+ 4m− 3,2u2−2m2,u2−m2+ 4m−2;1, 2,u2−m2} of feasible intersection arrays for such graphs withc2= 2. Here we prove that some distance-regular graphs from this set do not exist. It is proved also that distance-regular graph with intersection array {22, 16, 5; 1, 2, 20} does not exist.
Minimal contact circuits for characteristic functions of spheres
Authors: Reďkin Nikolay P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the complexity of implementation of the characteristic functions of spheres by contact circuits. By the characteristic functions of the sphere with center at a vertex σ̃ = (σ
1, …, σn
), σ
1, …, σn
∈ {0, 1}, we mean the Boolean function

$\begin{array}{}
\varphi^{(n)}_{\tilde\sigma}
\end{array} $

(x
1, …, xn
) which is equal to 1 on those and only those tuples of values that differ from the tuple σ̃ only in one digit. It is shown that the number 3n − 2 of contacts is necessary and sufficient for implementation of

$\begin{array}{}
\varphi^{(n)}_{\tilde\sigma}
\end{array} $

(x̃) by a contact circuit.
Five genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the Czech non-Roma and Czech Roma population samples
Authors: Dlouhá Lucie , Adámková Věra , Šedová Lenka , Olišarová Věra , Hubáček Jaroslav A. , Tóthová Valérie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Cytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin.

Methods
Roma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay.

Results
We found significant allelic/genotype differences between ethnics in three genes. For rs3745274 polymorphism, there was increased frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (53.1 vs. 43.7%; p=0.02). For rs4105144 (CYP2A6) there was higher frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (68.7 vs. 49.8%; p<0.0001). For rs3892097 (CYP2D6) there was more carriers of the A allele between Roma in comparison with Czech population (39.2 vs. 38.2%; p=0.048). Genotype/allelic frequencies of CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) variants did not significantly differ between the ethnics.

Conclusions
There were significant differences in allelic/genotype frequencies of some, but not all cytochromes P450 polymorphisms between the Czech Roma/Gypsies and Czech non-Roma subjects.
Prognostic indicators in critically ill poisoned patients: development of a risk-prediction nomogram
Authors: Amirabadizadeh Alireza , Nakhaee Samaneh , Jahani Firoozeh , Soorgi Sima , Hoyte Christopher O. , Mehrpour Omid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The prognosis of acutely poisoned patients is a significant concern for clinical toxicologists. In this study, we sought to determine the clinical and laboratory findings that can contribute to predicting the medical outcomes of poisoned patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
This retrospective study was performed from January 2009 to January 2016 in the ICU of Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Birjand, Iran. We included all patients with the diagnosis of acute poisoning admitted to the ICU. Demographic data, laboratory results, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and acute physiology score + age points + chronic health points (APACHE) II, and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, and outcome were collected. Univariate analysis (Mann–Whitney or t-test), multiple logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, and Pearson’s correlation test were performed using SPSS, STATA/SE 13.0, and Nomolog software programs.

Results
The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that five factors were significant for predicting mortality including age (OR 95% CI: 1.1[1.05–1.12], p<0.001), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) (OR 95% CI: 0.71[0.6–0.84], p<0.001), white blood cell (WBC) count (OR 95% CI: 1.1[1.01–1.12], p=0.04), serum sodium (Na) (OR 95% CI: 1.08[1.01–1.15], p=0.02), and creatinine levels (Cr) (OR 95% CI: 1.86 [1.23–2.81], p=0.003). We generated a five-variable risk-prediction nomogram which could both predict mortality risk and identify high-risk patients.

Conclusions
Age, GCS, WBC, serum creatinine, and sodium levels are the best prognostic factors for mortality in poisoned patients admitted to the ICU. The APACHE II score can discriminate between non-survivors and survivors. The nomogram developed in the current study can provide a more precise, quick, and simple analysis of risks, thereby enabling the users to predict mortality and identify high-risk patients.
Related expression of TRKA and P75 receptors and the changing copy number ofMYC-oncogenes determine the sensitivity of brain tumor cells to the treatment of the nerve growth factor in combination with cisplatin and temozolomide
Authors: Chernov Alexandr N. , Alaverdian Diana A. , Glotov Oleg S. , Talabaev Michael V. , Urazov Stanislav P. , Shcherbak Sergei G. , Renieri Alessandra , Frullanti Elisa , Shamova Olga 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesOncological diseases are an urgent medical and social problem. The chemotherapy induces not only the death of the tumor cells but also contributes to the development of their multidrug resistance and death of the healthy cells and tissues. In this regard, the search for the new pharmacological substances with anticancer activity against drug-resistant tumors is of utmost importance. In the present study we primarily investigated the correlation between the expression of TrkA and p75 receptors with the nerve growth factor (NGF) and cisplatin or temozolomide sensitivity of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma (GB) and medulloblastoma (MB) cell cultures. We then evaluated the changing of copy numbers ofMYCCandMYCNand its correlation with cytotoxicity index (CI) in MB cells under NGF exposition.MethodsThe primary cell cultures were obtained from the tumor biopsy samples of the patients with AA (n=5), GB (n=7) or MB (n=25) prior to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The cytotoxicity effect of NGF and its combinations with cisplatin or temozolomide, the relative expression of TrkA and p75 receptors, its correlations with CI in AA, GB and MB primary cell cultures were studied by trypan blue cytotoxicity assay and immunofluorescence staining respectively. The effect of NGF onMYCCandMYCNcopy numbers in MB cell cultures was studied by fluorescencein situhybridization.ResultsWe found that the expression of TrkA and p75 receptors (p=0.03) and its ratio (p=0.0004) depends on the sensitivity of AA and GB cells to treatment with NGF and its combinations with cisplatin or temozolomide. NGF reduces (p<0.05) the quantity of MB cells with six or eight copies ofMYCNand three or eight copies ofMYCC. Besides, NGF increases (p<0.05) the quantity of MB cells containing two copies of both oncogenes. The negative correlation (r=−0.65, p<0.0001) is established betweenMYCCaverage copy numbers and CI of NGF in MB cells.ConclusionsThe relative expression of NGF receptors (TrkA/p75) and its correlation with CI of NGF and its combinations in AA and GB cells point to the mechanism involving a cell death signaling pathway. NGF downregulates (p<0.05) some increased copy numbers ofMYCCandMYCNin the human MB cell cultures, and upregulates normal two copies of both oncogenes (p<0.05).
A study of the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin by the dynamics of its distribution in the blood plasma and saliva of healthy volunteers: a comparative analysis and possible extrapolation methods
Authors: Kondratenko Svetlana N. , Zolkina Irina V. , Shikh Eugenia V. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in plasma and saliva was investigated in this study.

Methods
The pharmacokinetics of two specialty drugs of moxifloxacin – reference (Ref) and test (Test) preparation – was studied in 18 healthy volunteers after a single oral dose of 400 mg.

Results
It was found that the concentration of moxifloxacin in saliva 3–24 h after taking the drugs was statistically significantly higher than that in plasma. A high correlation was observed between the concentration of moxifloxacin in plasma and saliva of volunteers after taking of Ref and Test. Some pharmacokinetic parameters, calculated by the concentration of moxifloxacin in saliva and plasma, are statistically different. A technique is proposed for extrapolating the concentration of moxifloxacin in plasma according to its concentration in saliva using the established linear relationship between the moxifloxacin in plasma and saliva of volunteers in time interval of 3–24 h after taking Ref. Based on the obtained extrapolated concentration of moxifloxacin, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for two studied drugs and did not statistically differ from the parameters calculated according to the data in plasma.

Conclusions
The developed method of concentration extrapolation allows the use of saliva for pharmacokinetic studies of the tablet preparations of moxifloxacin.
Role of purinergic signaling pathways in the adaptogenic-like activity of methyl jasmonate in rats exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress
Authors: Aluko Oritoke M. , Umukoro Solomon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Purinergic signaling pathway has been implicated in maladaptation of animals subjected to chronic stress. Previous studies have shown that methyl jasmonate (MJ) exhibited adaptogenic properties in mice exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) via antioxidant and neuroprotective-related mechanisms.

Methods
This study evaluated the role of purinergic system in adaptogenic-like activity of MJ. Male Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle (10 mL/kg) or MJ (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) 30 min prior exposure to UCMS. Thereafter, rats were assessed for swimming endurance in forced swim test (FST) and post-swimming motor coordination on beam walk test (BWT) apparatus. The rats’ brains were processed for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine deaminase, and arginase quantification. Hematological parameters, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and urea nitrogen were also determined.

Results
MJ prolonged swimming endurance time and reversed stress-induced post-swimming motor dysfunction. The altered hematological parameters induced by UCMS in rats were significantly (p<0.05) attenuated by MJ. MJ also reversed UCMS-induced alterations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and urea nitrogen levels. MJ averted UCMS-induced alterations in purinergic system by decreasing ATP and ADP hydrolysis, adenosine deaminase, and arginase activities in rats’ brains.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings further suggest that MJ has adaptogenic-like activity in rats exposed to UCMS, which may be related to modulation of the purinergic signaling pathway.
Rutin ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments through enhancement of antioxidant defense system and cholinergic signaling
Authors: Ishola Ismail O. , Olubodun-Obadun Taiwo G. , Ojulari Mariam A. , Adeyemi Olufunmilayo O. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The brain’s cholinergic system occupies a central role in normal cognition and age-related cognitive decline, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study sought to investigate the role of antioxidant defense and cholinergic systems on rutin-induced antiamnesia in mice.

Methods
Rutin (1, 5, or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle (10 ml/kg, p.o.) was administered for three consecutive days. One hour post-treatment on day 3, scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was given, 5 min post-scopolamine injection, open field, Y-maze, or Morris water maze (MWM) (five days consecutive training sessions) tasks was carried out. The mice were sacrificed on day 7 to assays for biomarkers of oxidative stress and cholinergic system.

Results
Scopolamine significantly reduced spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze and prolonged escape latency in MWM tasks when compared to vehicle-treated control indicative of working memory and spatial learning deficits. However, the pretreatment of mice with rutin (1, 5, or 50 mg/kg) prevented scopolamine-induced working memory and spatial learning impairments without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity. Scopolamine-induced nitrosative/oxidative stress and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were significantly attenuated by the pretreatment of mice with rutin.

Conclusions
rutin restored cognitive function in scopolamine-induced amnesia through enhancement of antioxidant defense and cholinergic systems.
Diosmin attenuates schizophrenia-like behavior, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase activity in mice
Authors: Okubo Eneni Aya-Ebi , Ben-Azu Benneth , Mayowa Ajayi Abayomi , Oladele Aderibigbe Adegbuyi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Diosmin (DSM), commonly isolated from various plants, is a citrus nutrient that has been shown to increase intracellular antioxidant capacity and assuage symptoms associated with neurological disorders. Deficiency in the antioxidant system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The use of antioxidants as neuroprotectants to suppress schizophrenia pathology is increasingly being sought. Hence, this study investigated the effects of DSM on schizophrenia-like behavior and the underlying changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in mice.

Methods
The acute antipsychotic effect of DSM (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]), haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), and risperidone (RIS) (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated on stereotyped behaviors induced by apomorphine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) and ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.). The effect of DSM on ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, immobility enhancement, and its woodblock cataleptogenic potential was evaluated. Also, the subacute antipsychotic potential of DSM was assessed following intraperitoneal injection of DSM (25–100 mg/kg, i.p.) alone and in combination with ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 days. The behaviors of the animals were assessed in the open-field, Y-maze, and forced swim tests. Brains of the animals were afterward processed for spectrophotometric assay of oxidative stress and AChE contents.

Results
DSM (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) attenuated apormorphine-induced stereotypy and devoid of cataleptogenic effect. DSM and RIS reversed acute and subacute ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors. Disomin alone increased cognitive function and reduced despair-like phenotype. Furthermore, DSM increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione and decreased malondialdehyde and AChE levels in naïve and ketamine schizophrenic mice.

Conclusions
DSM prevents schizophrenia-like behavior, attenuates oxidative stress, and AChE activity in naïve and ketamine schizophrenic mice.
Drug–drug interaction of rivaroxaban and calcium channel blockers in patients aged 80 years and older with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sychev Dmitry , Mirzaev Karin , Cherniaeva Marina , Kulikova Maria , Bochkov Pavel , Shevchenko Roman , Gorbatenkova Svetlana , Golovina Olga , Ostroumova Olga , Bahteeva Damirya , Rytkin Eric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
For revealing the peculiarities of the drug–drug interaction of rivaroxaban (substrate CYP3A4 and P-gp) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (verapamil – inhibitor CYP3A4 and P-gp and amlodipine – substrate CYP3A4) in patients 80 years and older with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NAF) we studied 128 patients.

Methods
All patients were divided into groups depending on the therapy taken: the 1st – rivaroxaban + amlodipine (n=51), the 2nd – rivaroxaban + verapamil (n=30), the control group – rivaroxaban without CCBs (n=47). A trough steady-state plasma concentration (C
min,ss) of rivaroxaban, prothrombin time (PT) in the blood plasma and the event of clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding were assessed for each patient.

Results
Patient in group 2 had higher C
min,ss of rivaroxaban, PT and CRNM than subjects in the control group (Me 73.8 [50.6–108.8] ng/mL vs. 40.5 [25.6–74.3] ng/mL; Me 14.8 [13.4–17.3] s vs. 13.8 [12.6–14.4] s; 34% vs. 13%, respectively, p<0.05 for all). When compared, the PT and complication rate in group 1 with the control group C
min,ss of rivaroxaban were practically the same (p>0.05 for all).

Conclusions
In patients ≥80 years with NAF, the use of rivaroxaban in combination with verapamil may not be safe and can lead to CRNM bleeding.
Herbal approach for the management of C0VID-19: an overview
Authors: Fatima Sana , Haider Nafis , Alam Md Anzar , Gani Mohd Abdul , Ahmad Rafeeque , Murtada Taha  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus infectious disease and leads to pandemic all over the world. The clinical continuum of COVID-19 varies from mild illness with non-specific signs and symptoms of acute respiratory disease to extreme respiratory pneumonia and septic shock. It can transmit from animal to human in the form of touch, through the air, water, utensils, fomite and feco-oral route blood. The pathogenesis and clinical features of COVID-19 be the same as the clinical manifestation associated epidemic Fever. In Unani medicine, various herbal drugs are described under the caption of epidemic disease. Great Unani scholar also Avicenna (980–1037 AD) recommended that during epidemic condition movement should be restricted, self-isolation, fumigation around the habitant with perfumed herbs (Ood, Kafoor, Sumbuluttib, Saad Kofi, Loban, etc.), and use of appropriate antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai) and vinegar (Sirka) as prophylaxis. Herbal approach is based on single (Unnab—Ziziphus jujuba, Sapistan—Cordia myxa, Bahidana—Cydonia oblonga, Khatmi—Althea officinalis, Khubazi—Malva sylvestris, Zafran—Crocus sativus, Sibr—Aloe barbedensis, Murmuki—Commiphora myrrha, Darchini—Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Qaranfal—Syzygium aromaticum, Rihan—Oscimum sanctum, Habtus Sauda—Nigella sativa, Aslus Sus—Glycyrrhiza glabra, Maghze Amaltas—Cassia fistula and Adusa—Adhatoda vasica) and compound drugs (Habbe Bukhar, Sharbat Khaksi, Sharbat Zanjabeel, Naqu Nazla, Majoon Chobchini, Jawrish Jalinus and Khamira Marvareed) most of them are claimed for anti-viral, anti-pyretic, blood purifier, cardioprotective and expectorant activities. Traditionally most of the herbal practitioners are using it.
Quality control, HPTLC analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of roots of qust (Saussurea lappa, C.B Clarke)
Authors: Ansari Shabnam , Maaz Mohammad , Ahmad Iftekhar , Hasan Syed Kazim , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Naqui Syed Kazim , Husain Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives

Saussurea lappa, CB Clarke (S.lappa) is a perennial herb of the Compositae family. The root of S.lappa has been used for the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, jaundice, intestinal worms, bronchial asthma, and a variety of skin diseases. The aim of the study was to ensure quality control of S.lappa and its preparation HAESL (hydroalcoholic extract of S.lappa) along with assessment of HAESL antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro.

Methods
HAESL was prepared with 50% ethanol, (v/v). Physiochemical analysis of the root of S.lappa, and phytochemical screening, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of HAESL were performed using the standard protocol.

Results
Physiochemical and phytochemical assessments of S.lappa and HAESL showed the greater quality of the drug. HAESL showed the presence of many phytochemical constituents corresponding to colorful spots, peaks, area under the curve, and corresponding Rf values as evident in the TLC and HPTLC analysis. HAESL showed a concentration-dependent effect on radical scavenging activity against DPHH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and hydroxyl radical with IC50 value of 19.10 μg/mL and 82.23 μg/mL, respectively. HAESL exhibited antimicrobial activity against the growth of micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus flavus, and Candida albicans. HASEL showed no antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger.

Conclusions
The procured and an identified sample of Saussurea lappa was good in quality and the prepared HAESL contained many phytochemical compounds. HAESL substantiated significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in vitro.
Fear of Hypoglycemia in Adults with diabetes mellitus switching to Treatment with IDegAsp Co-formulation to Examine real-world setting: an observational study (The HATICE study)
Authors: Topaloğlu Ulaş Serkan , Topaloğlu Hatice Kayış , Kızıltepe Melih , Kılıç Mesut , Bahçebaşı Sami , Ata Sibel , Yıldız Şeyma , Şimşek Yasin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical results of insulin degludec/aspart (IDEgAsp) therapy and its effect on the fear of hypoglycemia.

Methods
A prospective observational study has been conducted through surveys of 36 patients using insulin because of type 2 diabetes mellitus who initiated treatment with IDegAsp switching from other insulins. Patients, 18–75 years old, were recruited to the study, consecutively. Participants’ age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), daily insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypoglycemia rate, hypoglycemia fear survey (HFS) were recorded at the beginning of the study. By the end of 12th month, data was re-measured and compared with each other.

Results
HbA1c was declined by mean of −1.59% (95% CI −1.06 to −2.12, p<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in mean, daily insulin dose, weight and BMI values of patients via IDegAsp. While there was an increase in the amount of dipeptidyl peptidase 4-inhibitors (DPP4-i) and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2-inhibitors (SGLT2-i), there was a decrease in daily injection frequency. There was also a significant decrease in the median values of monthly hypoglycemia rate (from 2.0 to 1.0, p<0.001) and the entire HFS scores (HFS-T: from 1.09 to 0.73, p<0.001; HFS-B: from 0.83 to 0.60, p<0.001; HFS-W: from 1.33 to 0.88, p<0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between ΔHFS-B and daily injection frequency (Rho: 0.398; P: 0.016).

Conclusions
IDegAsp co-formulation, combined with DPP4-i and/or SGLT2-i, can provide usefulness in terms of rates of hypoglycemia, reduced HbA1c, less injection administration, and decreased the fear of hypoglycemia in diabetics.