bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Effectiveness of Anti-Resorptive Treatment in Patients With Incident Fragility Fractures—The STORM Cohort—A Swedish Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Freyschuss Bo , Svensson Maria K. , Cars Thomas , Lindhagen Lars , Johansson Helena , Kindmark Andreas 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Results from real-world evidence (RWE) from the largest healthcare region in Sweden show low uptake of antiresorptive (AR) treatment, but beneficial effect in those receiving treatment, especially for the composite outcome of hip fracture or death. For RWE studies, Sweden is unique, with virtually complete coverage of electronic medical records (EMRs) and both regional and national registries, in a universal publicly funded healthcare system. To our knowledge, there is no previous RWE study evaluating the efficacy of AR treatment compared to no AR treatment after fragility fracture, including data on parenteral treatments administered in hospital settings. The Stockholm Real World Management (STORM) study cohort was established in the healthcare region of Stockholm to retrospectively assess the effectiveness of AR treatment after first fragility fracture using the regional EMR system for both hospital and primary care. Between 2012 and 2018, we identified 69,577 fragility fracture episodes among 59,078 patients, men and women, 50 years and older. Of those, 21,141 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria (eligible cohort). From these, the final matched study cohort comprised 9840 fragility fractures (cases receiving AR treatment [n = 1640] and controls not receiving AR treatment [n = 8200]). Propensity scores were estimated using logistic regression models with AR treatment as outcome and confounders as independent variables followed by analysis using Cox proportional hazard models. Real world evidence from Sweden's largest healthcare region, comprising a quarter of the Swedish population, show that only 10% of patients receive AR treatment within 1 year after a fragility fracture. Factors associated with not receiving treatment include having a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. In those treated, AR have positive effects particularly on the composite of fracture and death (any fracture/death and hip fracture/death) in individuals matched for all major confounders. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Production of NMSBA catalyzed by Co/Mn/Br together with the porous carbon made from coconut shell with ZnCl2 as activator
Authors: Wang Le‐Yao , Yang Zhen , Guo Feng , Long Xiang‐Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUND2‐nitro‐4‐methylsulfonylbenzoic acid (NMSBA) is commercially produced from the oxidation of 2‐nitro‐4‐methylsulfonyltoluene (NMST) with nitric acid as oxidant and V2O5 as catalyst in a strong acid solution; this process suffers from the following shortcomings: the discharge of large amounts of wastewater and waste gas, as along with the generation of polynitro compounds. It is necessary to develop a technology to avoid the pollution caused by oxidizing NMST with nitric acid. NMSBA can be synthesized by oxidizing NMST with air under the catalysis of the porous carbon made from coconut shell with ZnCl2 as an activator together with Co/Mn/Br.RESULTSThe optimum conditions for the preparation of the porous carbon are as follows: impregnation temperature 60 °C, ZnCl2 concentration 0.50 mol L−1, impregnation duration 6 h, carbonization temperature 600 °C, and carbonization time 4 h. The surface characterization suggests that the carbon made in this study holds smaller surface area, acidic groups, and basic groups than the commercial carbon but owns more carboxyl.CONCLUSIONThe Co/Mn/Br/AC (AC,the porous carbon made in this study) catalytic system is superior to the Co/Mn/Br/H3PMo12O40@CAC(CAC,commercial activated carbon) catalytic system in the production of NMSBA from the oxidation of NMST. The NMSBA selectivity gained by the former is 93.40%, while that gained by the latter is 87.14%. The former can cut down the consumption of NMST and the expenditure of catalysts. The catalytic ability of the AC catalyst relies on its surface chemical characteristics and physical properties. More carboxyl on AC is the reason for the upgrade of NMSBA selectivity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Evaluation of efficacy of ultrasound‐guided microwave ablation in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang Mingzhu , Gao Yuxiu , Zhang Xiaojuan , Ding Zhaoyan , Wang Xinya , Jiang Wenbin , Zhao Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasonographically (US)‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).MethodsA total of 35 patients who received MWA treatment in our hospital between August, 2019 and January, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, phosphorus levels, and improvement in clinical symptoms were recorded before and after MWA. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Paired‐sample t‐tests and paired sample Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to indicate PTH, calcium, and P levels before and after ablation. Postoperative complications were statistically analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MWA on PHPT patients.ResultsA total of 38 parathyroid nodules in 35 PHPT patients were completely ablated at one time. These results indicated that MWA could effectively destroy parathyroid tissue and decrease the concentrations of PTH, calcium, and phosphorus compared with those before MWA, and the effect was sustained. Moreover, MWA improved clinical symptoms, and improved quality of life of patients. None of patients developed tracheal and esophageal injuries, peripheral hematoma, infection, or other serious complications.ConclusionUS‐guided MWA has shown to be an effective and safe approach to treat PHPT patients.
Depression, anxiety, and stress among inflammatory bowel disease patients during COVID‐19: A UK cohort study
Authors: Luber Raphael P , Duff Alexa , Pavlidis Polychronis , Honap Sailish , Meade Susanna , Ray Shuvra , Anderson Simon H , Mawdsley Joel , Samaan Mark A , Irving Peter M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with chronic diseases are believed to be at increased risk of mental health conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the incidence of psychological morbidity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic, explore for association with risk of severe COVID‐19 and other factors, and establish patients' interest in psychological support.MethodsA survey including the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, General Anxiety Disorder‐7, and Perceived Stress Scale tools for depression, anxiety, and stress was administered to IBD patients from a tertiary center in London, United Kingdom, in June 2020.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐four patients responded to the survey (57% response rate), with 271 (99%) completing it. Moderate–severe depression was observed in 61 (22.5%), while 49 (18%) had moderate–severe anxiety; 39 (14%) had both diagnoses. Mean (SD) stress score was 16.2 (7.4). There was no association between degree of severe COVID‐19 risk and psychological morbidity. Flare symptoms and fatigue were associated with worse psychological morbidity, while accessibility of information regarding COVID‐19 risk and reducing that risk was protective for depression (odds ratio [OR] 0.56 [0.33–0.94], P = 0.03), anxiety (OR 0.62 [0.4–0.96], P = 0.03), and stress (standardized β‐coefficient −0.15 [−0.28 to −0.03], P = 0.02). Seventy‐nine (30%) respondents were interested in receiving psychological support during the pandemic, while 200 (76%) expressed interest beyond the pandemic.ConclusionsAlthough depression, anxiety, and stress among IBD patients during the pandemic were common, their frequency was similar to pre‐pandemic rates and recent general population levels. Ensuring easy access to personalized risk information with targeted psychological support may mitigate psychological burden as patients reintegrate into society and deal with future COVID‐19 waves.
Enterococcus spp. have higher fitness for survival, in a pH‐dependent manner, in pancreatic juice among duodenal bacterial flora
Authors: Itoyama Saki , Noda Emika , Takamatsu Shinji , Kondo Jumpei , Kawaguchi Rui , Shimosaka Munefumi , Fukuoka Tomoya , Motooka Daisuke , Nakamura Shota , Tanemura Masahiro , Mitsufuji Suguru , Iwagami Yoshifumi , Akita Hirofumi , Tobe Toru , Kamada Yoshihiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Miyoshi Eiji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimBacterial infection is involved in the progression of many gastrointestinal diseases, including those of pancreas; however, how and which bacteria colonize in pancreatic juice and tissue have yet to be elucidated. Recently, we reported that Enterococcus faecalis exists in the pancreatic juice and tissues of patients with chronic pancreatic disease. Here, we investigated the survival of E. faecalis in duodenal juice with different pH conditions.MethodsPancreatic juice samples from 62 patients with cancers of the duodeno‐pancreato‐biliary region were evaluated for the presence of E. faecalis. 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction and 16S‐based metagenome analyses were performed to determine the bacterial composition. The survival of E. faecalis in various pancreatic juice conditions was evaluated.ResultsOf 62 samples, 27% (17/62) were positive for Enterococcus spp., among which 71% (12/17) contained E. faecalis. Enterococcus spp. showed the highest fitness for survival in alkaline pancreatic juice among various bacterial species. The microbiome of pancreatic juice from patients with pancreatic and bile duct cancer showed diversity, but Enterococcus spp. were enriched among duodenal tumors and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.ConclusionsAlkalinity is one of the important factors for the selective survival of E. faecalis among microbiota. E. faecalis can colonize the pancreatic duct when the pancreatic juice condition is altered.
Clinical impact of gastrectomy for gastric cancer patients with positive lavage cytology without gross peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Honda Michitaka , Kawamura Hidetaka , Takiguchi Koichi , Muto Atsushi , Yamazaki Shigeru , Teranishi Yasushi , Shiraso Satoru , Kono Koji , Hori Soshi , Kamiga Takahiro , Iwao Toshiyasu , Yamashita Naoyuki 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of gastric cancer patients with positive lavage cytology without gross peritoneal dissemination (P0CY1) is poor. The survival benefit of gastrectomy for these patients has not been established.Patients and MethodsIn this population‐based cohort study, we investigated the impact of radical gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for P0CY1 patients. Patients who were diagnosed with Stage IV gastric cancer from 2008 to 2015 in all nine cancer‐designated hospitals in a tertiary medical area were listed. Patients who were diagnosed with histologically proven adenocarcinoma in both the primary lesion and lavage cytology during the operation or a diagnostic laparoscopic examination were enrolled. Patients with a gross peritoneal lesion or other metastatic lesions were excluded. The primary outcome was the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of gastrectomy for overall survival. We also evaluated the survival time in patients who underwent gastrectomy or chemotherapy in comparison to patients managed without primary surgery or with best supportive care.ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled. The aHR (95% confidence interval) of gastrectomy was 0.677 (0.411–1.114, p = 0.125). The median survival time in patients who received gastrectomy (n = 74) was 21.7, while that in patients managed without primary surgery (n = 30) was 20.5 months (p = 0.155). The median survival time in patients who received chemotherapy (n = 76) was 23.0 months, while that in patients managed without chemotherapy was 8.6 months (p < 0.001).ConclusionGastrectomy was not effective for improving the survival time in patients with P0CY1 gastric cancer. Surgeons should prioritize the performance of chemotherapy over surgery as the initial treatment.
Modeling electron beam irradiation of methane
Authors: Gu Weiyao , Dibble Theodore S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe built a chemical kinetic model for the electron beam irradiation of methane and report simulation results with dose rates ranging from 2 to 200 kGy s–1 at 298 K and 1 atm pressure. The model contains 92 species and 778 gas‐phase reactions. We report the time evolution of concentrations of stable products (including H2, C2H6, C3H8, C2H4, C3H6, C4H10, C2H2, and C3H4) as well as some radicals and ions. We discuss how yields of products depend on dose rate and how they change during the course of irradiation. To understand the processes controlling product formation, we quantify the extent to which various reactions produce and destroy major products and the key radicals and ions. Normalized sensitivity coefficients are computed for the production of stable products to gain further insight into factors controlling product yields. We were able to reduce the mechanism to 63 species and 331 reactions while incurring less than 5% error in the final concentrations of stable products.
Cochlear implantation under local anesthetic: A systematic review andmeta‐analysis
Authors: Walters Ben , Gaskell Peter , Muzaffar Jameel , Iftikhar Haissan , Monksfield Peter , Bance Manohar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesAs the population ages and implantation criteria are relaxed, more patients with complex comorbidities are becoming eligible for cochlear implantation (CI). These patients have higher risks associated with general anesthesia. This systematic review assesses outcomes and complications following CI under local anesthetic to examine utility for patients deemed not suitable or at high risk for general anesthesia.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis performed according to the 2020 PRISMA guidelines. Databases searched were MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials andClinicalTrials.gov. There were no limitations on year of publication or language.ResultsThen, 132 unique were identified. After screening abstracts and full texts for eligibility criteria a total of 18 articles were included. In the nine studies where audiological data were reported, all patients demonstrated improvement in audiological outcomes following implantation under local anesthetic (LA). Only minor complications of transient vertigo, wound infection, facial nerve paralysis, confusion, and tinnitus were reported but all were transient. Meta‐analysis showed surgical time was significantly shorter under LA.ConclusionsCI under LA is safe for patients with comorbidities which preclude them from general anesthesia, with minimal complications and an improved cost‐effectiveness profile. However, larger scale, robust trials are required to assess this further.
Stability of chironomid community structure during historic climatic and environmental change in subarctic Alaska
Authors: Mayfield Roseanna J. , Dearing John A. , Doncaster C. Patrick , Langdon Peter G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy understanding lake ecosystem resilience in the face of increasing environmental and anthropogenic stress, we can hope to anticipate future ecosystem instability. We assess recent historic ecosystem resilience using composition and network analyses of empirical zoobenthos chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae; nonbiting midges) reconstructions from three Subarctic Alaskan lakes, spanning the last c. 200 yr. We measured community richness, turnover and structure using taxon richness, beta diversity, and network skewness, respectively. Simulated taxonomic networks were created to establish the sensitivity of these metrics to changes in taxon connectivity, and to inform the interpretation of empirical chironomid records. The models indicated that beta diversity was more sensitive to taxon loss, while skewness was more sensitive to taxon gain. Both beta diversity and skewness were required to understand structural change under taxon replacement. The simulated arrival of strongly connected taxa caused a greater decrease in skewness than the arrival of weakly connected taxa. The empirical data sets indicated a rise in taxon richness (measured as rarefaction) and beta diversity in the recent samples. Changes in chironomid composition were associated with climate warming (replacement of cold taxa with temperate taxa) and increased lake biological productivity (the arrival of macrophyte‐associated taxa). Skewness was predominantly negative across the lakes, indicating high taxon connectivity and structural stress. However, little directional change in the skewness trends suggests some resilience within the chironomid community structures in relation to the current levels of climate and environmental stress. Continued climatic warming, and associated rises in nutrient levels, may cause further structural stress and ecological degradation.
Epigenetic modifications in pancreas development, diabetes, and therapeutics
Authors: Kaimala Suneesh , Kumar Challagandla Anil , Allouh Mohammed Z. , Ansari Suraiya Anjum , Emerald Bright Starling 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA recent International Diabetes Federation report suggests that more than 463 million people between 20 and 79 years have diabetes. Of the 20 million women affected by hyperglycemia during pregnancy, 84% have gestational diabetes. In addition, more than 1.1 million children or adolescents are affected by type 1 diabetes. Factors contributing to the increase in diabetes prevalence are complex and include contributions from genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. However, molecular regulatory mechanisms influencing the progression of an individual towards increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as diabetes are not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that the pathogenesis of diabetes involves epigenetic changes, resulting in a persistently dysregulated metabolic phenotype. This review summarizes the role of epigenetic mechanisms, mainly DNA methylation and histone modifications, in the development of the pancreas, their contribution to the development of diabetes, and the potential employment of epigenetic modulators in diabetes treatment.
Speech and swallowing function following microsurgical reconstruction of palatal defects in a series of six pediatric patients
Authors: Zavala Abraham , Miranda Juan V. , Oré Juan F. , De Pawlikowski Wieslawa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction of extensive palatal defects in growing patients aims to restore speech intelligibility and swallowing function while avoiding excessive scarring formation that may cause growth disturbances in the palate and midface region. Free flaps transfer healthy, well‐vascularized tissue to the defect area, and their combination with pharyngeal flaps allow for restoration of the velopharyngeal function. We examined speech and swallowing after microsurgical palate reconstruction in a series of six pediatric patients.MethodsRadial forearm free flaps were used in all cases, in combination with a superiorly based pharyngeal flap in five cases. Mean age at surgery was 10.7 years. Etiologies included recurrent oronasal fistula due to failed primary cleft palate repair (n = 4), embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxilla (n = 1), and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 1). Speech evaluations (with the Hirose standard and listener ratings) and swallowing assessments (based on videofluoroscopy swallowing studies and patient‐reported swallowing and diet) were performed in average 44 months postoperatively.ResultsAll flaps survived without major postoperative complications. Speech intelligibility was graded as “excellent” in four patients and “moderate” in two. Hypernasality and nasal obstruction were each judged as “none/minimal” in five cases and “moderate” in one case. All patients tolerated oral diet without significant nasal regurgitation. In five of six patients, the swallowing assessment showed good motion and velopharyngeal closure.ConclusionMicrosurgical reconstruction of extensive palatal defects using radial forearm free flap, with or without a superiorly based pharyngeal flap, is a reliable technique that can deliver substantial improvement of speech and swallowing in pediatric patients.
Double‐pedicle unaffected split‐breast flap for unilateral breast reconstruction
Authors: Satake Toshihiko , Muto Mayu , Okamoto Maki , Onoda Satoshi , Matsui Koshi , Narui Kazutaka , Kobayashi Shinji , Fujii Tsutomu , Ishikawa Takashi , Maegawa Jiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn some breast cancer patients with a contralateral unaffected hypertrophic and ptotic breast, autologous small‐breast reconstruction with contralateral breast reduction is a good option. The current study is aimed to assess the efficacy of the double‐pedicle unaffected split‐breast (USB) flap harvested from the central half of the unaffected breast for unilateral breast reconstruction with contralateral transverse scar reduction mammoplasty.MethodsBetween February 2003 and May 2020, 14 patients underwent breast reconstruction using the USB flap. The mean patient age was 59.1 (range: 48–76) years, and the mean body mass index was 24.2 (range: 19.5–33.3) kg/m2. This flap comprised half of the contralateral breast tissues with the 3rd or 4th internal mammary perforator (IMAP) and the lateral thoracic vessel (LTA/V). After USB flap elevation and LTA/V resection, flap perfusion from the IMAP was evaluated on indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. The medial pedicle USB flap was rotated 180° and was transferred to the affected site via the midline. The LTA/V was anastomosed to the recipient vessel to supercharge the distal part of the USB flap, which was then used for breast reconstruction. Then, the remaining contralateral upper and lower breast poles were used for transverse scar reduction mammoplasty.ResultsThe mean flap size was 13.3 × 26.9 (range: 9.5 × 22 to 16 × 29) cm. All flaps and reduced breasts survived without serious complications such as flap necrosis, although there was one patient with hematoma and one patient with hypertrophic scar. ICG revealed poor perfusion in the distal, lateral part of the flap, ranging from 22.0% to 48.5% of the overall flap area. Final aesthetic evaluation was high, with 11 cases (78.6%) being “good” or “excellent” and 3 cases (21.4%) that were either poor or fair. The mean follow‐up period for the patients was 53.8 (range: 15–84) months, with none of the patients presenting second primary breast cancer or recurrence in both breasts.ConclusionUSB flap breast reconstruction with contralateral reduction mammoplasty is a valuable option in breast cancer patients with a hypertrophic and ptotic breast.
An augmented approach to absolute stability for uncertain Lur'e system with time‐varying delay
Authors: Kim Yeongjae , Lee Yonggwon , Kim Seungho , Lee Seunghoon , Park Myeongjin , Kwon Ohmin 
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the absolute stability criteria of Lur'e system with time‐varying delays, uncertainties, and sector bounded nonlinearities. By constructing suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals (LKFs) and utilizing some useful mathematical techniques, an improved delay‐dependent stability criterion is introduced in Theorem 1. Based on the result of Theorem 1, a further enhanced criterion is proposed in Theorem 2 by employing the augmented zero equality approach. Finally, two numerical examples show the improved performance of the criteria by comparing maximum delay bounds.