bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating ZnO Growth Structures for Maximum Power Output of Hybrid Piezo/Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Lim Yen Pei , Koay Jason Soon Chye , Zhao JingTian , Huang ShengLi , Goh Boon Tong , Aw Kean Chin , Chen BingHui , Haw Choon Yian , Gan Wee Chen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerators (H‐P/TENGs) are developed to compensate the drawbacks of a single nanogenerator by synergizing high triboelectric output voltage and piezoelectric output current in continuous contact‐separation cycles. In particular, piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely used due to its excellent orientation along the c‐axis and tunable growth structures. Herein, various growth structures of ZnO, unoriented, oriented, and hierarchical structures, are incorporated in H‐P/TENGs, enhancing their power densities from 6 to 17 times. Particularly, oriented ZnO nanorod/PVA (ZnR) achieves a maximum power density of 15.9 W m−2 (≈17‐fold increment compared to pristine PVA). The highly oriented ZnO growth along the c‐axis enables large deformation upon a vertical compression, subsequently generating a large piezoelectric polarization. Moreover, the enhancement mechanism via piezoelectric polarization is elucidated using a modified overlapped electron cloud model supported with Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. The polarization of ZnO nanocomposites enlarges the difference in the highest electron energies (ΔE) between the two triboelectric layers, driving more electrons to transfer during contact electrification, thereby enriching their surface charge densities. This study highlights the significance of growth structure control in maximizing the piezoelectric responses of ZnO, consequently improving the output performances of H‐P/TENGs.
3D‐Printable Shape‐Memory Polymers Based on Halogen Bond Interactions
Authors: Meurer Josefine , Kampes Robin H. , Bätz Thomas , Hniopek Julian , Müschke Oswald , Kimmig Julian , Zechel Stefan , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe supramolecular halogen bonding (XB) is utilized for the first time for the preparation of shape‐memory polymers. For this purpose, an iodotriazole‐based bidentate XB donor featuring a methacrylamide is synthesized. Free radical polymerization of the XB donor monomer together with butyl methacrylate, triethylene glycole dimethacrylate, and methacrylic acid results in covalently cross‐linked polymer networks bearing both, halogen bond acceptors and donors, in their side chains. While the reversible halogen bond interactions can act as switching unit, the required stable phase of the shape‐memory polymers is formed by covalent cross‐links. The successful formation of the supramolecular cross‐links is proven via Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the thermal properties are investigated via differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetric analysis. Thermo‐mechanical analysis reveals excellent shape‐memory abilities with fixity rates above 95% and recovery rates up to 99%. Moreover, it is possible to 3D‐print this kind of material exhibiting the ability to recover its shape within a few seconds at 130 °C.
High‐Entropy Intermetallic PtRhBiSnSb Nanoplates for Highly Efficient Alcohol Oxidation Electrocatalysis
Authors: Chen Wen , Luo Shuiping , Sun Mingzi , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhou Yongsheng , Liao Yujia , Tang Min , Fan Xiaokun , Huang Bolong , Quan Zewei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe control of multimetallic ensembles at the atomic‐level is challenging, especially for high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) possessing five or more elements. Herein, the one‐pot synthesis of hexagonal‐close‐packed (hcp) PtRhBiSnSb high‐entropy intermetallic (HEI) nanoplates with intrinsically isolated Pt, Rh, Bi, Sn, and Sb atoms is reported, to boost the electrochemical oxidation of liquid fuels. Taking advantage of these combined five metals, the well‐defined PtRhBiSnSb HEI nanoplates exhibit a remarkable mass activity of 19.529, 15.558, and 7.535 A mg−1Pt+Rh toward the electrooxidation of methanol, ethanol, and glycerol in alkaline electrolytes, respectively, representing a state‐of‐the‐art multifunctional electrocatalyst for alcohol oxidation reactions. In particular, the PtRhBiSnSb HEI achieves record‐high methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity in an alkaline environment. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the introduction of the fifth metal Rh enhances the electron‐transfer efficiency in PtRhBiSnSb HEI nanoplates, which contributes to the improved oxidation capability. Meanwhile, robust electronic structures of the active sites are achieved due to the synergistic protections from Bi, Sn, and Sb sites. This work offers significant research advances in developing well‐defined HEA with delicate control over compositions and properties.
Dual‐Functional Anti‐Pathogen Coatings
Authors: Chu Ying , Wang Yixin , Liu Anmin , Chen Guangyu , Li Wei , Wang Xiaohui , Chu Hin , Wang Liqiu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA dual‐functional anti‐pathogenic coating with controllable repelling and capturing/inactivation of pathogens, which make it capable of eliminating a broad range of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2, is reported. The reversible switch between repelling and capturing/inactivation is readily made via its CO2‐responsive wettability. In its superhydrophobic state, the coating enables a SARS‐CoV‐2 repellent efficacy of 99.9997%. In its superhydrophilic state, the coating has a virucidal efficacy of up to 99.9897%, which is comparable to the inactivation rate of chemical disinfectants. The coating is highly flexible with anti‐corrosive and anti‐frosting properties, which works for repelling essentially all pathogens and potentially could be applied into various daily used products and materials. The coating has the potential to set a new prevention standard in fighting the current pandemic and preventing future ones via especially intercepting the transmission of pathogens through contaminated surfaces.
Non‐dicamba‐resistant soybean response to multiple dicamba applications
Authors: Meyeres Tyler , Lancaster Sarah , Kumar Vipan , Roozeboom Kraig , Peterson Dallas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rapid adoption of dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid)‐resistant (DR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] resulted in an increase of post‐emergent dicamba applications during the soybean‐growing season, resulting in off‐target movement and injury to non‐DR soybean. Field trials were established in Manhattan, KS, in 2018 and 2019 and in Ottawa, KS, in 2019 to characterize the response of non‐DR soybean to one, two, or three applications of reduced rates of dicamba at three application timings. Soybean were treated with 0.56, 1.12, and 5.6 g a.e. ha−1 of dicamba, which is equivalent to 1/1,000X, 1/500X, and 1/100X of a 1X field‐use rate (560 g a.e. ha−1), respectively. Soybean plants were treated at V3, R1, R3, V3 followed by (fb) R1, V3 fb R3, R1 fb R3, and V3 fb R1 fb R3 growth stages. Soybean injury from dicamba was less severe following application during the V3 than the R1 or R3 growth stages. In general soybean injury was the greatest 4 wk after application. The greatest soybean yield reduction (68%) followed dicamba applications of 5.6 g a.e. ha−1 at V3 fb R1 fb R3 in Manhattan, KS, 2018, where yield loss was generally greater and may be attributed to droughty conditions. Yield loss was minimal in Manhattan, KS, and Ottawa, KS, in 2019 following a single dicamba application at the V3 stage, regardless of application rate and following dicamba application at 0.56 g a.e. ha−1, regardless of number of applications. The greatest soybean yield losses from dicamba occurred with two or three applications at 1.12 or 5.6 g a.e. ha−1.
Biallelic CACNA1A variants: Review of literature and report of a child with drug‐resistant epilepsy and developmental delay
Authors: Wong‐Spracklen Vivien M. Y. , Kolesnik Anna , Eck Josefine , Sabanathan Saras , Spasic‐Boskovic Olivera , Maw Anna , Baker Kate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiallelic variants in CACNA1A have previously been reported in nine individuals (four families) presenting with epilepsy and cognitive impairments of variable severity and age‐of‐onset. Here, we describe a child who presented at 6 months of age with drug‐resistant epilepsy and developmental delay. At 10 years of age, she has profound impairments in motor function and communication. MRI was initially unremarkable, but progressed to severe cerebellar atrophy by age 3 years. Next Generation Sequencing and panel analysis identified a maternally inherited truncating variant c.2042_2043delAG, p.(Gln681ArgfsTer100) and paternally inherited missense variant c.1693G>A, p.(Glu565Lys). In contrast to previously reported biallelic cases, parents carrying these monoallelic variants did not display clear signs of a CACNA1A‐associated syndrome. In conclusion, we provide further evidence that biallelic CACNA1A variants can cause a severe epileptic and developmental encephalopathy with progressive cerebellar atrophy, and highlight complexities of genetic counseling in such situations.
Systematic MRI in persistent post‐Covid‐19 olfactory dysfunction should be reassessed
Authors: Brudasca Ioana , Lisan Quentin , Tournegros Romain , Bensafi Moustafa , Ferdenzi Camille , Fournel Arnaud , Denoix Luna , Tringali Stéphane , Fieux Maxime 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in the etiological assessment of a persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD). While the utility of imaging in COVID‐19‐related OD has yet to be established, MRI is recommended in all patients with persistent OD. The high prevalence of the latter after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection means evaluating this strategy is an important public health matter.MethodsThe main objective was to examine the impact of systematic MRI on the management of patients with OD. All adult patients consulting for persistent OD (>2 months) after primary SARS‐COV‐2 infection (PCR) between March 2020 and December 2021 were included (n = 67). The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between the severity of the OD as measured by psychophysical testing (ETOC) and the volume of the olfactory bulb (OB) measured by MRI.ResultsAll patients underwent MRI, and none led to a change in diagnosis or treatment. Among them, 82% (55/67) were considered normal by the radiologist on initial interpretation. There were no significant differences (visual analysis or OB volume) between groups (mild, moderate, and severe hyposmia).ConclusionSystematic MRI may be unnecessary in patients whose persistent OD began soon (a few days) after confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Preparedness of the Brazilian health‐care system to provide access to a disease‐modifying Alzheimer's disease treatment
Authors: Mattke Soeren , Corrêa dos Santos Filho Otelo , Hanson Mark , Mateus Elaine Fernandes , Neto João Paulo Reis , de Souza Leonardo Cruz , Rizek Schultz Rodrigo , Pereira Pinto Roney 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile the majority of patients with Alzheimer's disease resides in low and middle‐income countries, little is known of their preparedness for emerging disease‐modifying treatments. We analyze the preparedness of Brazil, one of the most populous middle‐income countries, from a capacity and institutional preparedness perspective.MethodsDesk research and 12 interviews for background and capacity data. Markov model to estimate wait times for access to treatment.FindingsBrazil has no national dementia strategy or established pathway for evaluation of cognitive concerns, and dementia is typically diagnosed late if at all. While members of private health plans have ready access to elective specialty care, wait times in the public sector are long. Assuming potentially treatment‐eligible patients are referred from primary to specialty care based on a brief cognitive exam and a blood test for the Alzheimer's pathology, available capacity will not be sufficient to match the projected demand. The biggest obstacle is availability of dementia specialist visits, and the effect of population growth and ageing means that the wait list for specialist appointment will continue to grow from around 400,000 in 2022 to over 2.2 million in 2040. We do not project substantial wait times for confirmatory biomarker testing and treatment delivery but note that this is a consequence of patients waiting for their specialist appointments. These queues will result in estimated persistent wait times for treatment of around two years on average with substantial differences between the public and private sectors, as capacity growth is insufficient to keep up with increasing demand.DiscussionOur findings suggest that Brazil is ill‐prepared to provide timely access to an Alzheimer's treatment with predicted wait times of about two years, largely because of a limited number of dementia specialists.
Fabrication of bovine serum albumin‐polyethylene glycol nanoparticle conjugated‐folic acid loaded‐naringenin as an efficient carrier biomacromolecule for suppression of cancer cells
Authors: Firouzabadi Kimia , Karimi Ehsan , Tabrizi Masoud Homayouni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlavonoid compounds play an effective role in cancer suppression and today nanocarriers play an important role in improving the physicochemical properties and transmission of these compounds. In this study, polyethylene glycol‐modified albumin nanoparticles were synthesized by desolvation method; after loading of naringenin (NRG), folic acid (FA) binding to the surface of nanoparticles was performed (BSA–PEG–FA–NG–NPs). The extent of NRG trapping and FA binding was assessed indirectly using UV absorption methods. The physicochemical properties of BSA–PEG–FA–NG–NPs were investigated by DLS, SEM electron microscopy, and FTIR methods, after which their effects were evaluated on the apoptosis mechanism via MTT, flow cytometry, and qPCR methods. The BSA–PEG–FA–NG–NPs with spherical morphology had dimensions of 205 nm with zeta‐potential of 20.61 mV and dispersion index of 0.36. The NRG encapsulation was 84% and the FA binding was 75%. Anticancer effects of BSA–PEG–FA–NG–NPs were confirmed based on inhibiting breast cancer cells (IC50: 922 µg/ml), cell cycle arrest (SubG1 phase), and induction of apoptosis (upregulation of Caspase 3, 8, and 9).
Does IQ predict engagement with skill‐based gambling? Large‐scale evidence from horserace betting
Authors: Suhonen Niko , Saastamoinen Jani , Forrest David , Kainulainen Tuomo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe examine how measured intelligence, referred to as IQ, predicts a consumer's decisions on whether to participate in online horse wagering, how much to spend on those bets, and which horserace betting products to consume. We combine three individual‐level archival data sets from Finland, including all online horse bets during a 1‐year period from the state‐sanctioned monopoly operator, the Finnish Defence Forces' IQ test scores from male conscripts born between 1962 and 1990 (N = 705,809), and administrative registry data on socioeconomic status, income, and education for these men. An analysis of male bettors (N = 15,488) shows that IQ is a positive predictor of participation and spending. In addition, high IQ is associated with choosing more complex (high variance) betting products. We find that these results are driven primarily by numerical IQ.
Spherical nucleic acids with tailored DNA conformation via bromide backfilling for the detection of kanamycin
Authors: Bai Long , Ye Tai , Zhu Dongdong , Sun Donghao , Zhang Shuyi , Lu Yujie , Yuan Min , Cao Hui , Hao Liling , Wu Xiuxiu , Yin Fengqin , Xu Fei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe improper conformation of oligonucleotides on gold nanoparticle surfaces is caused by unintended base adsorption, which hinders DNA hybridization and lowers colloidal stability. In this work, we treated spherical nucleic acids with Br−, which serves as an efficient backfilling agent, to adjust the DNA conformation by displacing bases from the gold surface. To investigate the effect of DNA conformation on interfacial recognition, a kanamycin fluorescent aptasensor was constructed with bromide backfilled‐treated spherical nucleic acids. In the presence of kanamycin, the anchored aptamer binds with the target and the partially complementary reporter strand is dissociated from the surface of the gold nanoparticles, resulting in the fluorescence recovery of labelled fluorophore on the reporter strand. Under optimum conditions, the apparent binding affinity of the aptasensor with bromide backfilling was 2.2‐fold that without backfilled one. The proposed aptasensor exhibited a good liner relationship between the concentration of kanamycin and fluorescence intensity change in the range 200 nM to 10 μM and the limit of detection was calculated to be 71.53 nM. Moreover, this aptasensor was also successfully applied in a spiked milk sample assay and the satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range 96.94–101.57%, which demonstrated its potential in practical applications.
Biogenic synthesis of carbon quantum dots from garlic peel bio‐waste for use as a fluorescent probe for sensing of quercetin
Authors: Jeevika Alagan , Alagarsamy Gopalakrishnan , Celestina Joseph Jone 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHighly fluorescent and water‐soluble carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized from the bio‐waste source of garlic peels (renovation of bio‐waste into bio‐asset) using a controlled carbonization method. Synthesized CQDs were characterized by various analytical methods and explored as a fluorogenic probe for the recognition of quercetin (QT). Ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) result shows an absorption maximum at 275 nm attributed to the conjugation of C=C and C=O of CQDs and demonstrates a blue emission in the range 330–410 nm. Selectivity was performed with various biomolecules, except for QT, all others do not exhibit any considerable change in the fluorescence of CQDs. On the interaction with QT, emission was completely quenched due to Förster energy transfer (FET), confirming the high selective to QT. Effect of pH, sensitivity, and stability studies displayed excellent results under optimized conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) fluorescent probe was found to be 6.73 μM. Our approach may suggest a new platform for the development of quick and low‐cost CQDs‐based sensors for environmental and biological purposes.
High‐rate continuous n‐butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum from glucose and butyric acid in a single‐pass fibrous‐bed bioreactor
Authors: Chang Wei‐Lun , Hou Wenjie , Xu Mengmeng , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBiobutanol produced in acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation at batch mode cannot compete with chemically derived butanol because of the low reactor productivity. Continuous fermentation can dramatically enhance productivity and lower capital and operating costs, but are rarely used in industrial fermentation because of increased risks of culture degeneration, cell washout, and contamination. In this study, cells of the asporogenous Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC55025 were immobilized in a single‐pass fibrous‐bed bioreactor (FBB) for continuous production of butanol from glucose and butyrate at various dilution rates. Butyric acid in the feed medium helped maintaining cells in the solventogenic phase for stable continuous butanol production. At a dilution rate of 1.88 h−1, butanol was produced at 9.55 g/L, with a yield of 0.24 g/g and productivity of 16.8 g/L/h, which was the highest productivity ever achieved for biobutanol fermentation and an 80‐fold improvement over the conventional ABE fermentation. The extremely high productivity was attributed to the high density of viable cells (~100 g/L at >70% viability) immobilized in the fibrous matrix, which also enabled the cells to better tolerate butanol and butyric acid. The FBB was stable for continuous operation for an extended period of over 1 month.
Cortical gray matter microstructural alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Huang Haoming , Ma Xiaomeng , Yue Xiaomei , Kang Shangyu , Rao Yawen , Long Wenjie , Liang Yi , Li Yifan , Chen Yuna , Lyu Wenjiao , Wu Jinjian , Tan Xin , Qiu Shijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeNeurodegenerative processes are widespread in the brains of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients; gaps remain to exist in the current knowledge of the associated gray matter (GM) microstructural alterations.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate alterations in GM microarchitecture in T2DM patients by diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). Seventy‐eight T2DM patients and seventy‐four age‐, sex‐, and education level‐matched healthy controls (HCs) without cognitive impairment were recruited. Cortical macrostructure and GM microstructure were assessed by surface‐based analysis and GM‐based spatial statistics (GBSS), respectively. Machine learning models were trained to evaluate the diagnostic values of cortical intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) for the classification of T2DM versus HCs.ResultsThere were no differences in cortical thickness or area between the groups. GBSS analysis revealed similar GM microstructural patterns of significantly decreased fractional anisotropy, increased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in T2DM patients involving the frontal and parietal lobes, and significantly lower ICVF values were observed in nearly all brain regions of T2DM patients. A support vector machine model with a linear kernel was trained to realize the T2DM versus HC classification and exhibited the highest performance among the trained models, achieving an accuracy of 74% and an area under the curve of 83%.ConclusionsNODDI may help to probe the widespread GM neuritic density loss in T2DM patients occurs before measurable macrostructural alterations. The cortical ICVF values may provide valuable diagnostic information regarding the early GM microstructural alterations in T2DM.
Recent Progress in Design of Organic Electro‐optic Materials with Ultrahigh Electro‐optic Activities†
Authors: Xu Huajun , Sun Yanna , Kan Yuanyuan , Gao Ke 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryRationally designed organic electro‐optic (OEO) materials demonstrate ultra‐large electro‐optic (EO) activities, affording inorganic‐organic hybrid photonic devices with low drive voltage, large bandwidth, low energy consumption, and small footprint. OEO materials hold the potential to achieve EO coefficients (r33) over 1000 pm/V. Over the past decade, however, the best performance of OEO materials is limited to 300—600 pm·V−1. This is partly because of the concern of increasing dipole moment and optical loss due to the redshifted absorbance of high hyperpolarizability chromophores. Recent advance of theory‐guided design enables the OEO materials to achieve greatly enhanced hyperpolarizability and EO activity with dipole moment and propagation loss within acceptable constraints. Simultaneously, progress in hybrid device designs has greatly shortened the length of modulating waveguide, which resulted in significantly reduced sensitivity to propagation loss from redshifted absorption of OEO materials. Driven by theory‐guided design method, several high‐performance OEO materials have been presented with greatly enhanced EO coefficients beyond 1000 pm·V−1. This brief review summarizes the strategies to improve the EO activity including molecular engineering and hyperpolarizability, highlights the recent great progress in design of high‐performance OEO materials, and discusses the problems needed to be solved in application for current OEO materials.