bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence for Radiological Paediatric Fracture Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shelmerdine Susan , White Richard D , Liu Hantao , Arthurs Owen J , Sebire Neil J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Majority of research and commercial efforts have focussed on use of artificial intelligence (AI) for fracture detection in adults, despite the greater long-term clinical and medicolegal implications of missed fractures in children. The objective of this study was to assess the available literature regarding diagnostic performance of AI tools for paediatric fracture assessment on imaging, and where available, how this compares with the performance of human readers.
Materials & Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were queried for studies published between 1 January 2011–2021 using terms related to ‘fracture’, ‘artificial intelligence’, ‘imaging’ and ‘children’. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool. Descriptive statistics for diagnostic accuracies were collated.
Results:
Nine eligible articles from 362 publications were included, with most (8/9) evaluating fracture detection on radiographs, with the elbow being the most common body part. Nearly all articles used data derived from a single institution and used deep learning methodology. Accuracy rates generated by AI ranged from 88.8–97.9%. In two of the three articles where AI performance was compared to human readers, sensitivity rates for AI was marginally higher, but this was not statistically significant.
Conclusions:
There is a high diagnostic accuracy for most AI tools for fracture detection in children, although the generalisability of these tools for a wider population is unknown. Opportunities exist for future development of AI tools for cross-sectional imaging and in certain paediatric populations (e.g. <2 years old, those with inherited bone disorders).
X-ray diffraction reveals two structural transitions in szomolnokite
Authors: Pardo Olivia S. , Dobrosavljevic Vasilije V. , Perez Tyler , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Liu Zhenxian , Rossman George R. , Jackson Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrated sulfates have been identified and studied in a wide variety of environments on Earth, Mars, and the icy satellites of the solar system. The subsurface presence of hydrous sulfur-bearing phases to any extent necessitates a better understanding of their thermodynamic and elastic properties at pressure. End-member experimental and computational data are lacking and are needed to accurately model hydrous, sulfur-bearing planetary interiors. In this work, high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were conducted on szomolnokite (FeSO4·H2O) up to ~83 and 24 GPa, respectively. This study finds a monoclinic-triclinic (C2/c to P1) structural phase transition occurring in szomolnokite between 5.0(1) and 6.6(1) GPa and a previously unknown triclinic-monoclinic (P1 to P21) structural transition occurring between 12.7(3) and 16.8(3) GPa. The high-pressure transition was identified by the appearance of distinct reflections in the XRD patterns that cannot be attributed to a second phase related to the dissociation of the P1 phase, and it is further characterized by increased H2O bonding within the structure. We fit third-order Birch-Murnaghan equations of state for each of the three phases identified in our data and refit published data to compare the elastic parameters of szomolnokite, kieserite (MgSO4·H2O), and blödite (Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O). At ambient pressure, szomolnokite is less compressible than blödite and more than kieserite, but by 7 GPa both szomolnokite and kieserite have approximately the same bulk modulus, while blödite’s remains lower than both phases up to 20 GPa. These results indicate the stability of szomolnokite’s high-pressure monoclinic phase and the retention of water within the structure up to pressures found in planetary deep interiors.
The complex nature of household water supply: an evidence-based assessment of urban water access in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Oyerinde A. O. , Jacobs H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Access to domestic water supply is a big challenge for many households in developing countries, as a large number of households do not have access to municipal water sources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of access and characteristics of water sources and their impact on the choice and usage of water by providing empirical and statistical evidence. A survey of 1,300 households was conducted across six major cities in Southwest Nigeria, using structured questionnaires, field surveys, personal interviews, and observations. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS 27 for descriptive statistics and characterised using enhancement-based strategies. The result showed that 5% of respondents had access to pipe water, 66% used private wells and boreholes, and 29% used off-site water sources. The study discovered that 15 different water sources with unique attributes were consumed. The daily consumption ranged between 301 and 361 and 1,153 and 1,421 litres per household (L/hh/d) for those using off-site and on-site water sources, respectively. This study provides new insights with empirical evidence. As such, there is a need to re-evaluate the present water supply policy implementation, funding approach, and level of coverage. Additional policies that support and fund decentralised water projects, without compromising on water quality, should be provided, since they are more accessible to the people.
Netrin-1 in Post-stroke Neuroprotection: Beyond Axon Guidance Cue
Authors: Liao Songjie , Yu Jian , Luo Ying 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Stroke, especially ischemic stroke, is a leading disease associated with
death and long-term disability with limited therapeutic options. Neuronal death caused by vascular
impairment, programmed cell death and neuroinflammation has been proven to be associated with
increased stroke severity and poor stroke recovery. In light of this, a development of neuroprotective
drugs targeting injured neurons is urgently needed for stroke treatment. Netrin-1, known as a bifunctional
molecule, was originally described to mediate the repulsion or attraction of axonal growth by
interacting with its different receptors. Importantly, accumulating evidence has shown that netrin-1
can manifest its beneficial functions to brain tissue repair and neural regeneration in different neurological
disease models.

Objective:
In this review, we focus on the implications of netrin-1 and its possibly involved pathways
on neuroprotection after ischemic stroke, through which a better understanding of the underlying
mechanisms of netrin-1 may pave the way to novel treatments.

Methods:
Peer-reviewed literature was recruited by searching databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase,
and Web of Science till the year 2021.

Conclusion:
There has been certain evidence to support the neuroprotective function of netrin-1 by
regulating angiogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis and neuroinflammation after stroke. Netrin-1 may be
a promising drug candidate in reducing stroke severity and improving outcomes.
Simple Models of Charge-Transfer Reactivity
Authors: Nalewajski Roman F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Finite-difference expressions for the chemical potential (negative electronegativity)
and hardness (inverse softness) descriptors of molecular and donor-acceptor systems
are summarized and chemically “biased” (informed) and “unbiased” (uninformed) estimates
of charge-transfer (CT) descriptors in A(acid)⎯B(base) systems are reexamined. The former
recognizes the chemical characteristics of reactants and the chemical-potential discontinuity,
while in the latter no prior knowledge of such kind is used. The biased chemical
potential and fragment hardness descriptors are interpreted in terms of the frontier-electron
orbitals, and the equivalence of predictions in both treatments is demonstrated using the
electronegativity-equalization principle. Two-state description of CT involves a statistical
mixture of initial state |NCT = 0〉 = |A0, B0〉 of the polarized (mutually closed) reactants in
R+ = (A+|B+), and one of admissible final states for the full electron transfer, |NCT| = 1, in
the forward B0→A0 or reverse A0→B0 directions, leading to ion-pairs |B0→A0〉 = |NCT = 1〉
= |A−1, B+1〉 and |A0→B0〉 = |NCT = −1〉 = |A+1, B−1〉. Parabolic interpolation between energies
of the integral-N states identifies the process activation and reaction energies predicts the
equilibrium amount of CT and stabilization energy it generates.
Competition between Spin Excitation and Kondo Correlation in Magnetic
Molecular Junctions: Theoretical Insight from First-principles-based Simulations
Authors: Zhuang Qingfeng , Ye Lyuzhou , Zheng Xiao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
In magnetic molecular junctions, the interactions between the local spin state at the transition-
metal center and the conduction electrons from the electrodes or substrates can bring about
many interesting strong correlation effects. Spin excitation and the Kondo effect are two representative
phenomena, where the spin-unpaired d or f electrons plays the key role in forming these manybody
states. This paper reviews the recent developments and applications of several first-principles
methods in conjunction with the hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach for the accurate
simulation of magnetic molecular systems. The large-scale electrodes and substrates are treated
by the density functional theory (DFT), while the properties of the magnetic center are studied by
using the high-level complete active space self-consistent field method. The competition between
the spin excitation and the Kondo effect are scrutinized by the HEOM approach. This combined
DFT+HEOM method has proven to be useful for the accurate characterization of strongly-correlated
magnetic molecular systems.
Formulation Strategies and Therapeutic Applications of Shikonin and Related
Derivatives
Authors: Bedi Neena , Kaur Kirandeep , Singh Atamjit , Sharma Hamayal , Punj Sanha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Shikonin and its derivatives are excellent representatives of biologically active naphthoquinones.
A wide range of investigations carried out in the last few decades validated their pharmacological
efficacy. Besides having magnificent therapeutic potential, shikonin and its derivatives suffer from
various pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and stability issues like poor bioavailability, nephrotoxicity, photodegradation,
etc. Recently, various research groups have developed an extensive range of formulations
to tackle these issues to ease their path to clinical practice. The latest formulation approaches have
been focused on exploiting the unique features of novel functional excipients, which in turn escalate
the therapeutic effect of shikonin. Moreover, the codelivery approach in various drug delivery systems
has been taken into consideration in a recent while to reduce toxicity associated with shikonin and its
derivatives. This review sheds light on the essential reports and patents published related to the array
of formulations containing shikonin and its derivatives.
Auditoría externa en una ESE. Un ejercicio de apoyo en un sistema de costos
Authors: Caraballo Hernández Eliecer 
Published: March 2022

En Colombia en los últimos seis lustros se han dado importantes transformaciones en la organización del sistema nacional de salud, especialmente en relación con la calidad de la atención, convirtiéndola en uno de los pilares fundamentales de la prestación de los servicios de salud; precisamente, fue la Ley 10 de 1990 quien estableció la salud como un servicio esencial y obligatorio que podría ser prestado directamente a través del estado o mediante particulares, y fue así como determinó en sus articulado, que debía “establecerse un sistema de fijación de normas de calidad de los servicios de salud y los mecanismos para controlar y vigilar su cumplimiento”(1).
Reporting of Model Performance and Statistical Methods in Studies That Use Machine Learning to Develop Clinical Prediction Models: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Weaver Colin George Wyllie , Basmadjian Robert B , Williamson Tyler , McBrien Kerry , Sajobi Tolu , Boyne Devon , Yusuf Mohamed , Ronksley Paul Everett 
Published: March 2022

Background
With the growing excitement of the potential benefits of using machine learning and artificial intelligence in medicine, the number of published clinical prediction models that use these approaches has increased. However, there is evidence (albeit limited) that suggests that the reporting of machine learning–specific aspects in these studies is poor. Further, there are no reviews assessing the reporting quality or broadly accepted reporting guidelines for these aspects.

Objective
This paper presents the protocol for a systematic review that will assess the reporting quality of machine learning–specific aspects in studies that use machine learning to develop clinical prediction models.

Methods
We will include studies that use a supervised machine learning algorithm to develop a prediction model for use in clinical practice (ie, for diagnosis or prognosis of a condition or identification of candidates for health care interventions). We will search MEDLINE for studies published in 2019, pseudorandomly sort the records, and screen until we obtain 100 studies that meet our inclusion criteria. We will assess reporting quality with a novel checklist developed in parallel with this review, which includes content derived from existing reporting guidelines, textbooks, and consultations with experts. The checklist will cover 4 key areas where the reporting of machine learning studies is unique: modelling steps (order and data used for each step), model performance (eg, reporting the performance of each model compared), statistical methods (eg, describing the tuning approach), and presentation of models (eg, specifying the predictors that contributed to the final model).

Results
We completed data analysis in August 2021 and are writing the manuscript. We expect to submit the results to a peer-reviewed journal in early 2022.

Conclusions
This review will contribute to more standardized and complete reporting in the field by identifying areas where reporting is poor and can be improved.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020206167; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=206167

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/30956
Comparative Analysis of Different Designs of Triple Tube Heat Exchangers on the Basis of their Performances
Authors: Gautam Vivek Kumar , Sagar Prof. NK 
Published: March 2022

Cooling, warming, and air-conditioning systems, electric utilities, chemical based processing structures, food industry, automotive vehicle radiators, and waste heat recovery units are all examples of heat exchanger implementations. Heat exchangers in power plants include air preliminary heaters, economizers, evaporators, super-heaters, condensing systems, and cooling towers. Theoretical and simulation fluid dynamics assessments of varying patterns of a concentric TTHEX were conducted in this study with the intent of enhancing thermal efficiency.
Elective ovariohysterectomy or castration can proceed in shelter dogs despite mild to moderate presurgical leukocytosis
Authors: Lai Poyu , KuKanich Kate S. , Springer Nora L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether shelter dogs presenting for elective ovariohysterectomy or castration have leukocytosis, whether leukocytes are associated with age and infection, and whether leukocytosis precludes progression to surgery.

ANIMALS
138 dogs (from 13 regional shelters) presented for ovariohysterectomy or castration between October 7 and December 6, 2019.

PROCEDURES
For this prospective study, each dog underwent presurgical physical examination, CBC, and tests for Dirofilaria immitis antigen and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia canis antibodies, with additional tests performed as needed. Dogs were aged by dentition as juvenile (< 3 or ≥ 3 to ≤ 6 months) or adult (> 6 months). Leukogram results were compared across age groups with recognized infections and parasitism and with dogs’ progression to surgery.

RESULTS
There were 34 dogs < 3 months old, 22 dogs ≥ 3 to ≤ 6 months old, and 82 > 6 months old. Sixty-three of 138 (45.6%) dogs had leukocytosis (median, 16,500 cells/µL; range, 13,700 to 28,300 cells/µL). Dogs < 3 months of age had higher median leukocyte and lymphocyte counts (14,550 cells/µL and 3,700 cells/µL, respectively) than dogs > 6 months of age (12,500 cells/µL and 2,400 cells/µL, respectively). Only 1 dog had a stress leukogram. Forty-seven dogs had recognized infection, but there was no association with leukocytosis. Surgery proceeded successfully for all dogs with leukocytosis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Mild to moderate leukocytosis is common before elective surgery in shelter dogs, but surgery can proceed safely. A CBC should be reserved for ill-appearing dogs rather than as a screening test, and age-specific reference intervals should be considered.
Pessimistic Strategy in Negative Politeness Study in Thor: Ragnarok Movie
Authors: Listyari Ni Luh Putu , Aryani I Gusti Agung Istri , Malini Ni Luh Nyoman Seri 
Published: March 2022

Good communication is the basis of a good relationship. In achieving the appropriate goals, responses, and reciprocities of speech, people tend to apply the value of decency. The pessimistic strategy of negative politeness is analyzed in this study. The data used in this study is taken from the Thor: Ragnarok Movie. This study analyzes the type of pessimistic strategy of negative politeness, such as negative, subjunctive, and remote-possibility makers. Besides, this study analyzed the factors that influence the character who used the pessimistic strategy. Factors are relative force, social distance, and level of imposition. The analysis of types and factors is based on the courtesy theory of Brown and Levinson's book "Politeness Some Universals in Language Usage" (1987). The result showed that all of the three types of pessimistic strategy in negative politeness is found in Thor: Ragnarok Movie. The negative was found in the use of tag questions. The subjunctive could be found in the use of the would, should, and the use of the IF clause. The remote-possibility makers was found in the use of word hope, supposed, though, and perhaps. The most type pessimistic strategy found in this data is the use of the subjunctive and the most factor which influences the characters is the size of imposition.
Struktur dan Makna Tarian Yosakoi
Authors: Khairunnisa Yussy Talitha , Rahayu Ely Triasih , Kadafi Muammar 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the structure and meaning of movements contained in the yosakoi dance. The yosakoi dance is a traditional dance that was first introduced in 1954 in Kochi prefecture. The kochi yosakoi dance was first performed in a summer festival, with the basic dance was called seicho. Seicho yosakoi is danced with the yosakoi naruko odori song and uses a musical instrument called naruko. Besides at Kochi prefecture, yosakoi also has expanded to the Hokkaido area. Yosakoi dance in Hokkaido is known as yosakoi soran. Yosakoi soran was first created by Hasegawa Gaku in 1992. Different from kochi yosakoi, yosakoi soran was first introduced with the traditional song soran bushi. The type of this study was descriptive qualitative. The data source of this study was the movement of yosakoi dancers, namely the Iroha and Yuujou Taiko groups. The method of this study used literature study, observation and interview. The data analysis technique was conducted by analyzing the movement structure and meaning of the seicho and soran bushi dances based on the semiotic concept of Roland Barthes. The results of this study showed that there were 5 movement structures in the seicho yosakoi dance that contained connotative meanings, and there were 14 movement structures in the soran bushi dance. The conclusion from the structure and meaning of these two dances are that they only have connotative meanings. In the seicho dance, it contains the meaning of an invitation for people to come and have fun during the summer at the yosakoi festival. While in soran bushi, this dance has the meaning of describing how fishermen go to sea to catch fish.
Analisa Orientasi Arah dan Fraksi Volume Serat terhadap Kekuatan Geser dan Tarik Material Komposit Berpenguat Serat Batang Pisang Abaka
Authors: Martijanti Martijanti 
Published: March 2022

Material komposit merupakan suatu gabungan dua unsur, yaitu serat (fiber)dan matriks. Serat yang digunakan material komposit pada penelitian ini adalah serat yang berasal dari alam yaitu serat pisang abaka dan matriks yang digunakan epoxy.
Permasalahan pada penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana orientasi arah serat terhadap sifat mekanik dari material komposit. Metode yang digunakan eksperimental dengan proses Hand Lay-Up. Dengan melakukan serangkaian pengujian yang meliputi uji tarik dan uji geser, sedangkan parameter yang diambil adalah variasi dari fraksi volume serat 10Yo, 15yo dan 20yo dengan arah serat dua arah dan juga arah acak. Dari hasil data pengujian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa semakin tinggi fraksi volume serat, maka kekuatan tarik dan gesernya akan semakin meningkat. Pada orientasi serat arah Random kekuatannya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan orientasi serat dua arah karena kekuatan tidak terpusat pada dua arah melainkan seragam pada segala arah. Adanya distribusi yang tidak merata karena adanya void atau cacat sehingga keuletannya rendah.
Penjadwalan Perbaikan Pompa Sump Pit dengan Metoda Pert Di PT. Taka Turbomachinery Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudin Cucu , Yosy Yosy 
Published: March 2022

Taka Turbomachinery Indonesia merupakan perusahaan swasta nasional yang bergerak dalam bidang Turbomachinery eguipment service seperti perbaikan pompa, perbaikan turbin dan perbaikan kompresor. Salah satu jenis pompa yang diperbaiki oleh PT. Taka adalah pompa sump pit yang digunakan oleh perusahaan BUMN perminyakan. Pompa sump pit adalah pompa yang digunakan untuk menangani fluida yang kotor seperti air hujan, cooling water dan drain dari proses area (disebut juga limbah cair) yang berpotensi mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan dari pit (bak) yang dipompakan ke unit netralizing. Di unit netralizing ini limbah cair tadi dinetralisasi oleh bakteri ke /agoon, dan baru dilepas ke laut. Limbah cair yang dilepas ke laut ini sudah tidak berbahaya dan tidak mencemarkan lingkungan.

Tidak adanya urutan pengerjaan dan identifikasi dari aktivitas-aktivitas perbaikan pompa yang jelas mengakibatkan pekerjaan seringkali terhambat dan tingkat keterlambatan pengiriman pompa sump pit diperkirakan sebesar 35% dari jumlah pompa yang diperbaiki. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap metoda perbaikan yang dilakukan sehingga dapat memperjelas aktivitas-aktivitas yang terjadi serta sekaligus dapat mengestimasi waktu pengerjaannya. Penelitian ini
menerapkan konsep manajemen proyek dalam menyelesaian perbaikan pompa sump pit. Penjadwalan dilakukan dengan metoda PERT sehingga diperoleh lintasan kritisnya. Penelitian ini menerapkan prinsip-prinsip manajemen proyek dalam penyelesaian pekerjaan perbaikan pompa sump pit, sehingga dapat diketahui performansi perbaikan pompa sump pit dengan metoda lama dan dengan manajemen proyek.