bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal foraging strategy to balance mixed diet by generalist consumers: a simulation model
Authors: Schuldiner-Harpaz Tarryn , Coll Moshe , Wajnberg Eric 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Animals of a wide range of taxonomic groups mix various food sources to achieve a nutritionally balanced diet. The strategies they adopt to balance multiple nutrients depend on their availability in the environment. Behavioural and physiological adaptations to forage for nutrient-differing food sources have rarely been investigated in respect to nutrient availability in the environment. We developed a simulation model to explore the strategy consumers should adopt in response to the abundance of two nutritionally complementary food types. Results show that (1) consumers should invest more effort in detecting the scarce resource; (2) there is an optimized negative relationship between effort foragers should allocate to find the two types of food; (3) consumers should exhibit higher selectivity when the proportion of food types in the habitat deviates from their optimal ratio in the diet. These findings have important implications for pest control using predators that benefit from plant-based food supplements.
Poverty, Domestic Violence or Both
Authors: Nwakasi Candidus , De Medeiros Kate , Kafayat Mahmoud 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This case study highlights challenges such as financial strain and risk of domestic violence experienced by dementia caregivers. Using methods described by Yin (2003), two cases – a 76-year-old woman (Ada) who cared for her husband, and a 32-year old woman (Chika) who cared for her father were selected from a larger study on dementia caregiving in Anambra state. Data, including interview transcripts and field notes, were analyzed for themes. For both women, extreme financial hardship further complicated dementia caregiving challenges. For Chika, there was also the issue of physical assault by her husband who accused her of neglecting her duties at home to care for her father. Despite this, she continued caregiving at the risk of more retribution. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Gramáticas de lo inaudito as Decolonial Grammars: Notes for a Decolonization of Listening
Authors: Acosta López María del Rosario 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes to reflect self-critically on an ongoing research project entitled “Grammars of listening,” which started as a philosophical approach to the question of listening at the site of trauma and the challenges this kind of listening poses to our conceptions of memory and history, and has recently shifted to asking about the possible limitations to such a reflection when confronted with a decolonial perspective on temporality. I start by presenting a conceptual background for my inquiry, and asking what kind of listening is required when trauma is considered as a colonizing form of violence – that is, when its effects are not only understood as an assault on life but on the conditions of production of sense that make life legible. Following the kind of challenges that such an understanding of trauma poses to the responsibility to listen to its testimony, the paper moves on to propose that only a decolonial approach to listening can truly do justice to the task of rendering testimonies of traumatic violence audible. By decolonizing the frameworks that organize and determine colonial and colonizing distributions of sense, I propose that grammars of lo inaudito understood as decolonial grammars contribute to resisting and disorganizing the criteria for legibility and audibility that colonizing forms of violence not only institute but constantly actualize in their attempt to perpetuate their silencing power.1
Pork Consumption as an Identity Marker in Ancient Israel: The Textual Evidence
Authors: Darshan Guy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
While a finding of pig remains has often been regarded in Iron Age archaeological studies as an indication of the inhabitants’ identity, several recent zooarchaeological studies have shown that the archaeological record is more complex, and that pig remains cannot serve as an identity marker. The textual evidence analyzed in this paper supports this direction and suggests a multistage development process leading up to various expressions of the pig taboo in ancient Israelite belief. While in the Pentateuch pigs are mentioned alongside other impure animals and are not accorded excessive impurity amongst them, the textual sources indicate that pigs received a special status and became an identity marker only from the Greco-Roman period onwards. This paper also shows that during this period even the word “pig” became taboo in certain instances, as seen from three texts preserved in LXX of Samuel-Kings (1–4 Kingdoms) but missing from MT.
Inventing “Early Modern” Europe: Fashioning a New Historical Period in American Historiography 1880–1945
Authors: Nipperdey Justus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
According to perceived wisdom the term “early modern” emerged in the mid-twentieth century and only developed into a meaningful term of periodization in the 1960s and 1970s. In contrast, this article shows that American historians already started to use “early modern” in a substantive way at the turn of the twentieth century. In the interwar years the term permeated all areas of professional activity from textbooks and graduate school seminars to conferences, research articles, and job descriptions. Moreover, the impetus for inventing an early modern period was neither to counter the concept of the Renaissance nor to showcase the modernizing traits of the post-Reformation centuries. Instead, “early modern” gained widespread recognition as a term denoting the non-modernity of the centuries preceding the French and Industrial Revolutions as opposed to “real” modernity thereafter.
A Response to Wolfart’s “Religious Literacy”: Some Considerations and Reservations
Authors: Enstedt Daniel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This text addresses three related aspects of Wolfart’s article on religious literacy: the critique of assumptions on the outcome of increased religious literacy, questions about the purpose of religious education, and the suggestion that religious studies are ex-theological. Although the predictability of the results of certain classroom activities presents a fundamental problem, I argue that the tentative and generic abilities highlighted in the religious literacy discourse may function as a starting point to elaborate on a better definition of religious literacy in religious studies. Moreover, based on Biesta’s educational philosophy, I argue that the religious literacy discourse is about learnification in rhetorical disguise as value-based education. Instead, I suggest that the purpose of religious education should be (re)considered from Biesta’s three dimensions of qualification, socialization, and subjectification. Finally, I problematize Wolfart’s suggestion that religious studies are ex-theological and conclude that, although there are a theological dimension and a genealogy to be observed in the religious literacy discourse, other kinds of scholarly aspects are also worth exploring further.
Worldview Literacy as Educational Praxis
Authors: Shaw Martha 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This response picks up on two key themes identified by Wolfhart: that of the contested aims of “religious literacy” and the lack of an evidence base for its efficacy. Focusing on the context of formal schooling, the idea of “worldview literacy” is presented as an alternative to “religious literacy”. Rather than an outcome of education, “worldview literacy” is presented as a process of encounter in plurality, an educational praxis that brings young people to a greater understanding of the dynamic diversity of worldviews and of themselves as social actors therein. This reconciles what are often seen as competing aims of Religious Education and provides a framework for a more distributed worldviews education. It is suggested that amidst a preoccupation with measurement, attention needs to be refocused on the value of the educational process itself.
The Evolution of Whistleblowing Protection in Healthcare on a European Level
Authors: Walraet Paulien , Palmieri Sofia , Goffin Tom 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The protection of whistleblowers in healthcare is necessary to ensure quality of care by raising concerns about suspected breaches of human rights and Union law. This protection has evolved over the years through initiatives from the European Council, which were also taken into account in two rulings of the European Court of Human Rights, and the European Parliament. However, these initiatives implement a general framework rather than focussing directly on healthcare. This article therefore starts from analysing the general protection. Hereinafter, the relevance for the healthcare sector will be examined for each of the involved initiatives.
One Health and Pathogen Sharing: Filling the Gap in the International Health Regulations to Strengthen Global Pandemic Preparedness and Response
Authors: Negri Stefania , Eccleston-Turner Mark 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The covid-19 pandemic and other major public health emergencies of international concern occurred in the last 20 years remind us of the close interconnections between human, animal, and environmental health and the need for collaborative and multisectoral approaches to address complex health threats. These outbreaks also serve to highlight the importance of timely sharing of pathogens, which are used to characterise the causative agent of an outbreak, understand its spread, and develop diagnostics, antiviral treatments, and vaccines. Despite their relevance to preparedness and response, neither One Health nor pathogen sharing are grounded within the International Health Regulations (ihr). This paper analyses the existing institutional and normative gaps within the ihr, including examining how other regimes within the international legal landscape have sought to ‘fill the gaps’. We explore possible solutions and make proposals to strengthen interinstitutional cooperation and coordination through mechanisms alternative to ihr reform or a global pandemic treaty.
Mending Dispute Resolution under the International Health Regulations
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Habibi Roojin , Villarreal Pedro , Campbell Sophie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
International dispute resolution not only aims to redress wrongdoings, but also to deter states from violating obligations. Approaching the International Health Regulations (ihr) from this viewpoint and using recent global health crises as examples, this paper argues that dispute resolution must be strengthened in the ihr in order to protect global health security. While a diverse range of dispute resolution mechanisms exist in other legal regimes, this paper proposes that a three-pronged architecture consisting of a guidance mechanism, formal adjudicative mechanism, and recourse to the icj and binding arbitration would provide for the most efficient and timely response to a dispute between states parties. Importantly, this architecture can be used both prior to and during a global health crisis, and could incentivize states parties towards solidarity in the global public health response.
Educational Expectations of School-Age Street Children in Tanzania
Authors: Anangisye William A. L. , Xu Qian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research investigated the expectations of school-age street children who operate in the margins and whose prospects tend to be in limbo despite the country’s commitment to egalitarianism and universalisation of its basic education. The study generated data using interviews, observations, and documentary reviews. The findings suggest that school-age children on the streets were mainly drop-out cases with some not having any formal education. Despite being on the streets, the study found that these school-age children still nurse educational dreams and understand the link between education and employment. Hence, the onus is on stakeholders to adopt mechanisms that unreservedly guarantee universal access to, and participation in education for all Tanzanian children operating in the margins.
A Decomposition Analysis of Inequality in Child Malnutrition in Tanzania
Authors: Ntegwa Magashi J. , Masawe Cresencia A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The paper analysed inequality in childhood malnutrition in Tanzania using data from the 2009/10 and 2015/16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS). The paper also addressed the trends of childhood malnutrition and the socio- economic factors associated with inequality in childhood malnutrition in the country for the period between 2009/10 and 2015/16. Erreygers Concentration Index and its decomposition were used in the analysis of data. The findings revealed that childhood malnutrition is concentrated among children from poor households. They showed that the degree of inequality in stunting, underweight and wasting did not change significantly during the period between 2009/10 and 2015/16. The results from decomposition analysis revealed that household wealth status, mother’s education, and place of residence are the major factors contributing to inequality in childhood malnutrition in Tanzania. According to the findings, a policy that is geared towards empowering women by expanding their access to education, and that addresses household resource constraints is important in bridging the gap. Additionally, provision of social services in rural areas needs to be emphasized so as to improve access to health facilities, which would greatly help reducing childhood malnutrition there.
Knowledge and Willingness of University of Ibadan Graduate Students regarding Seeking Redress against Police Misconduct in Nigeria
Authors: Ojedokun Usman A. , Badmus Titilayo M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study investigated the knowledge and willingness of University of Ibadan graduate students regarding seeking redress against professional misconduct by personnel of the Nigeria Police Force. The theory of reasoned action was adopted as the conceptual framework. Data were accessed through survey and in-depth interview methods. The results showed that 55.2% of students were unaware of the available internal channels through which redress can be sought. More than half (52%) were unwilling to seek redress against police misconduct for a variety of reasons. There was no association (χ2 = 3.340; P > 0.05) between respondents’ gender and the gender of police officials they were willing to report. It is imperative that the Police Service Commission and the management of the Nigeria Police Force develop viable strategies through which the public can be adequately sensitised regarding the available channels and the steps that can be taken to file complaints against misuse of power by police personnel.
Impeachment: A Mechanism between Political Accountability and Legal Responsibility? Common Law Sources and the Brazilian Originalist Model
Authors: Resende Ranieri L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper seeks to analyze impeachment as a mechanism of institutional control of political actors, searching for its historical and theoretical bases in common law, so as to uncover the sources of the Brazilian originalist model. The Brazilian model deserves special attention due to its highly distinct, descriptive constitutional hypotheses. Before attempting to define the nature of impeachment, the main objective was to place the general idea of responsibility within the theoretical scope of representative democracy, accounting for potential failures resulting in frustration of expectations of constituencies and/or abuse of power by representatives. While identifying structural distinctions between political accountability and legal responsibility, it was appropriate to bring forth the requirement of legal violation in classical Athenian precedents (eisangeliai). In the end, this analysis goes over historical mutations of the impeachment mechanism: a) establishment of procedural parameters (British first cases); b) inceptive prerequisite of legal violation (Stuart period); c) attemptable specification of appropriate legal hypotheses (US); d) constitutional provision of precise categories of legal violation (Brazil).
Liquid Gold Down the Drain: Measuring Perceptions of Creativity Associated with Figurative Language and Play
Authors: Skalicky Stephen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine layperson perceptions of creativity associated with figurative language and language play. To do so, participants wrote attention-grabbing responses for two news stories and rated whether their responses were less, equally, or more creative when compared to preconstructed responses containing different combinations of metaphor and sarcasm. Participants’ answers were also analyzed for the presence of figurative language or language play. Results demonstrated participants were less likely to self-rate their answers as more creative when compared to preconstructed responses containing figurative language, but only for specific instances of metaphor and sarcasm. Moreover, participants who included figurative language or language play in their responses were significantly more likely to self-rate their answers as more creative. These results suggest layperson perceptions of creativity are influenced by figurative language and language play in a manner which supports scholarly understandings of the relationship between language and creativity.
Exile to the Equator: Chinese Anti-Colonialism and Nationalism in Southeast Asia, 1939–1946
Authors: Zhu Qian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses and compares the ideas of Chinese leftists in exile, as expressed in their publications and journals and in their anti-colonial activism in collaboration with the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia from 1939 to 1946. Describing Chinese anti-colonialism and nationalism through a transnational conceptualization and an ethnographic approach, stories that occur “behind the scenes” enhance our ability to decode key words and reveal the complexities of concrete economic and political conflicts from multiple sources that involve migration, ethnicities, and capitalism. The class nature of Chinese anti-colonial internationalism that was forged during and after the Second World War was deeply embedded in the “liberal” discourses of freedom, democracy, equality, liberty, and women’s emancipation. It was also rooted in the mass politics of anti-capitalism, which was global in scope and fine-grained, local, and rooted in everyday life. The Chinese leftist geopolitical configuration of the “nations below the wind” and “the equator” enabled the perception of a proto-global South—South alliance as a world-historical force, with the dual goals of overturning unequal development and achieving an integrated path of anti-colonialism and national independence.
Youth on the ‘Bridge to All Nations’
Authors: Gaini Firouz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
On a bell hanging in front of the main hall of the Shurijo Castle in Naha, Okinawa, the following inscription is engraved: “Ryukyu is located in a blessed region in the South Seas…sailing on ships and serving as a bridge between all nations, the land is filled with treasures.” This article, which is based on an ethnographic fieldwork in Okinawa in 2018, looks at contemporary young Okinawans’ narratives and experiences of ‘globalization’ as part of their everyday lives and future perspectives. It explores the role of the history and culture of the country – connecting it to China, Japan, and USA – in the young islanders’ local and global identities and networks. I use the Okinawan concept of chanpuru, referring to the art of fusing objects and ideas from different sources to create new cultural identities, to explain the way Okinawans reflect on global transformation processes, for example in relation to consumerism, militarism, tourism, and revitalisation of ‘Okinawan culture’ (e.g., local languages). Has the inscription on the old bell regained importance in the 21st century? How do young people from Okinawa capitalize from their cultural capital and international networks in a globalizing world? This article presents the view from an island community in transition.
Cultural Imperialism and the Struggle over Kiswahili as the Medium of Instruction in Tanzania
Authors: Makulilo Alexander , Madeni Maulid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In 1997, Tanzania’s National Cultural Policy recommended Kiswahili to be used as the medium of instruction for the entire nation’s public education system. However, since then English language maintains a hegemonic position as the medium of instruction in post-primary education. Arguably, this demonstrates cultural imperialism as a factor in the non-implementation of the cultural policy. We examine whether the global politics of expansionism and domination is causally responsible for the non-adoption of Kiswahili as the medium of instruction by making English a precious product and decisive tool for managing international politics. Political, economic and cultural institutions established by imperial powers have directly and indirectly shaped the language policy and its implementation. Consequently, elites in Tanzania have supported approaches that maintain English as the medium of instruction. Breaking away from the imperial structures that resist the adoption of Kiswahili as medium of instruction is central to any possibility for changing the prevailing situation.
Seasonally Modulated El Niño Precipitation Response in the Eastern Pacific and Its Dependence on El Niño Flavors
Authors: Zhang Huijing , Zhang Wenjun , Geng Xin , Jiang Feng , Stuecker Malte F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many previous studies have shown that El Niño exhibits a strong seasonality in its teleconnections and regional climate impacts. Aside from the seasonal synchronization of El Niño anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) itself, seasonal differences in its associated climate impacts could also stem from the local background seasonal cycle. During the El Niño developing boreal autumn (August–October) and decaying boreal spring (February–April), the El Niño–associated precipitation anomalies display remarkably different patterns over the eastern tropical Pacific despite similar SST anomaly amplitudes. This strong seasonality can be largely attributed to the seasonal cycle of the eastern tropical Pacific SST background state with the cold tongue being strongest in autumn and weakest in spring. Therefore, the El Niño–associated SST in spring is likely to exceed the convection threshold on both sides of the equator, leading to an approximately symmetric precipitation response about the equator. In contrast, this symmetric precipitation response is absent in autumn since the SST near and south of the equator remains below the threshold and pronounced eastern tropical precipitation anomalies can only be observed in the warm Northern Hemisphere. This seasonality is mainly embodied in eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events rather than central Pacific (CP) El Niño events since the westward-shifted warm SST anomalies for the latter cannot establish an effective cooperation with the cold tongue SST annual cycle. This study has important implications for regional climate prediction by involving the different local precipitation responses over the tropical eastern Pacific.