bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed points of weakly K-nonexpansive mappings and a stability result for fixed point iterative process with an application
Authors: Panja Sayantan , Roy Kushal , Paunović Marija V. , Saha Mantu , Parvaneh Vahid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a new type of non-expansive mapping, namely weakly K-nonexpansive mapping, which is weaker than non-expansiveness and stronger than quasi-nonexpansiveness. We prove some weak and strong convergence results using weakly K-nonexpansive mappings. Also, we define weakly $(\alpha ,K)$
(
α
,
K
)
-nonexpansive mapping and using it prove one stability result for JF-iterative process. Some prominent examples are presented illustrating the facts. A numerical example is given to compare the convergence behavior of some known iterative algorithms for weakly K-nonexpansive mappings. Moreover, we show by example that the class of α-nonexpansive mappings due to Aoyama and Kohsaka and the class of generalized α-nonexpansive mappings due to Pant and Shukla are independent. Finally, our fixed point theorem is applied to obtain a solution of a nonlinear fractional differential equation.
Rivers as a potential dispersing agent of the invasive tree Acacia dealbata
Authors: Zamorano Daniel , Labra Fabio A. , Vila Irma , Meier Claudio I. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe silver wattleAcacia dealbatais a fast-growing tree from Australia that has become naturalised in different regions of the world, attaining invasive status in most of them. In Chile,A. dealbatareaches large abundances along banks and floodplains of invaded fluvial systems, suggesting that rivers may act as a vector for seed dispersal. As hydrochory has not been documented previously in this species, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for water dispersal of seeds of this invasive tree along rivers.MethodsSeed samples from rivers were collected at three sites along twoA. dealbata-invaded rivers within the Cachapoal basin, central Chile. Number of seeds collected was contrasted versus hydraulic and local conditions with RDA. Seed buoyancy and sedimentation velocity were determined and compared between sites with an ANCOVA. Finally, the probability of seed germination after long periods of immersion in water was assessed, simulating transport conditions in the flow. Germination results were tested with a GLM.ResultsResults indicate that increasing abundance ofA. dealbataseeds in the flow is related to the level of turbulence of the flow. Seeds display high floatability but their sedimentation velocity is high when they do sink. Finally, silver wattle seeds can germinate after long periods (many weeks) of immersion in water; however, their probability of germination depends to a large extent on whether seeds are scarified or not.ConclusionsBased on the evidence collected, we suggest that the seeds ofA. dealbatahave the necessary traits to be dispersed by rivers, this being the first research testing this hypothesis. The success of hydrochory ofA. dealbatawould depend on river flow turbulence, and whether there are natural mechanisms for scarifying the seeds either before or during transport. The proposed methodology can be used to assess river hydrochory for any tree species.
Transparent masks reduce the negative impact of opaque masks on understanding emotional states but not on sharing them
Authors: McCrackin Sarah D. , Provencher Sabrina , Mendell Ethan , Ristic Jelena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile face masks provide necessary protection against disease spread, they occlude the lower face parts (chin, mouth, nose) and consequently impair the ability to accurately perceive facial emotions. Here we examined how wearing face masks impacted making inferences about emotional states of others (i.e., affective theory of mind; Experiment 1) and sharing of emotions with others (i.e., affective empathy; Experiment 2). We also investigated whether wearing transparent masks ameliorated the occlusion impact of opaque masks. Participants viewed emotional faces presented within matching positive (happy), negative (sad), or neutral contexts. The faces wore opaque masks, transparent masks, or no masks. In Experiment 1, participants rated the protagonists’ emotional valence and intensity. In Experiment 2, they indicated their empathy for the protagonist and the valence of their emotion. Wearing opaque masks impacted both affective theory of mind and affective empathy ratings. Compared to no masks, wearing opaque masks resulted in assumptions that the protagonist was feeling less intense and more neutral emotions. Wearing opaque masks also reduced positive empathy for the protagonist and resulted in more neutral shared valence ratings. Wearing transparent masks restored the affective theory of mind ratings but did not restore empathy ratings. Thus, wearing face masks impairs nonverbal social communication, with transparent masks able to restore some of the negative effects brought about by opaque masks. Implications for the theoretical understanding of socioemotional processing as well as for educational and professional settings are discussed.
Essential oil content and components, antioxidant activity and total phenol content of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as affected by harvesting time and drying method
Authors: Khademi Doozakhdarreh Seyedeh Fatemeh , Khorshidi Jalal , Morshedloo Mohammad Reza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Preharvest and postharvest conditions of medicinal plants strongly affect the quantity and quality of their secondary metabolites. Here, the effect of different harvesting times (5 am, 12 noon and 5 pm) and different drying methods (shade at 25 °C, oven at 60 °C and microwave at 180 W) on essential oil content and components, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of rosemary was monitored.

Results
Harvesting time only had a significant effect on the essential oil content and components; however, all investigated traits were significantly affected by drying methods. The essential oil content of plants harvested at 5 am and 5 pm was higher than those harvested at 12 noon. The highest amount of essential oil was obtained from shade (0.85–1.12%) and oven (0.66–1.04%) dried plants, respectively. Total phenol and antioxidant activity of oven dried plants were significantly lower than shade and microwave-dried plants. The number, type and amount of essential oil components were affected by harvesting time and drying method. α-Pinene, verbenone and camphor were the major components of the essential oils. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the main group of essential oil compounds in all treatments. The results of biplot and cluster analysis, based on the measured traits, placed the treatments in three separate clusters; I: shade dried, II: oven-dried, and III: microwave-dried plants.

Conclusion
Generally, to obtain the higher essential oil content, phenol and antioxidant activity, harvesting at 5 am and 5 pm and also shade drying are recommended; however, for reaching to essential oil with specific quality, different harvesting time and drying method could be used.
Risk characterization of microplastics in San Francisco Bay, California
Authors: Coffin Scott , Weisberg Stephen B. , Rochman Chelsea , Kooi Merel , Koelmans Albert A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAssessing microplastics risk to aquatic ecosystems has been limited by lack of holistic exposure data and poor understanding of biological response thresholds. Here we take advantage of two recent advances, a toxicological meta-analysis that produced biotic response thresholds and a method to quantitatively correct exposure data for sampling methodology biases, to assess microplastic exposure risk in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Using compartment-specific particle size abundance data, we rescaled empirical surface water monitoring data obtained from manta trawls (> 333 μm) to a broader size (1 to 5000 μm) range, corrected for biases in fiber undercounting and spectroscopic subsampling, and assessed the introduced uncertainty using probabilistic methods. We then compared these rescaled concentrations to four risk thresholds developed to inform risk management for California for each of two effect categories/mechanisms - tissue translocation-mediated effects and food dilution - each aligned to ecologically relevant dose metrics of surface area and volume, respectively. More than three-quarters of samples exceeded the most conservative food dilution threshold, which rose to 85% when considering just the Central Bay. Within the Central Bay, 38% of the samples exceeded a higher threshold associated with management planning, which was statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval. For tissue translocation-mediated effects, no samples exceeded any threshold with statistical significance. The risk associated with food dilution is higher than that found in other systems, which likely reflects this study having been conducted for an enclosed water body. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the largest contributor to assessment variability was associated with estimation of ambient concentration exposure due to correcting for fiber undercounting. Even after compensating for biases associated with fibers and other small particles, concentrations from the trawl samples were still significantly lower than the 1-L grab samples taken at the same time, suggesting our SFB risk estimates are an underestimate. We chose to rely on the trawl data because the 1-L grab sample volume was too small to provide accurate spatial representation, but future risk characterization studies would be improved by using in-line filtration pumps that sample larger volumes while capturing a fuller range of particle size than a towed net.
Recruiting and retaining participants in three randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions conducted on acute psychiatric wards: top ten tips for success
Authors: Jacobsen Pamela , Haddock Gillian , Raphael Jessica , Peak Craig , Winter Rachel , Berry Katherine 
Published: July 2022

Background
It is essential to conduct randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions on acute psychiatric wards to build a robust evidence base for clinical practice.

Aims
This paper aims to share strategies from three different in-patient trials that successfully recruited and retained participants, to disseminate good practice for the conduct of future trials in this challenging and complex clinical setting.

Method
We present strategies from three in-patient trials of psychological interventions: TULIPS (Talk, Understand, Listen for Inpatient Settings), amBITION (Brief Talking Therapies on Wards) and INSITE (Inpatient Suicide Intervention and Therapy Evaluation). All studies recruited participants from acute in-patient wards, initiated therapy within the in-patient setting and followed up on participants post-discharge.

Results
We summarise our recommendations for good practice in the form of ten top tips for success, based on our collective experience of conducting trials on psychiatric wards. Key themes relate to the importance of relationships between the research team and clinical staff; good stakeholder involvement and getting early buy-in from the team; and adapting to the particular demands of the clinical setting.

Conclusions
Sharing good practice recommendations can help reduce research waste arising from poor recruitment and/or retention in future in-patient clinical trials.
Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality in Children After In Utero Exposure to Maternal Cancer
Authors: Greiber Iben K. , Viuff Jakob H. , Storgaard Lone , Karlsen Mona A. , Lidegaard Øjvind , Mikkelsen Anders P. , Mellemkjær Lene , Hjortshøj Cristel S. 
Published: July 2022

PURPOSE In utero exposure to maternal cancer and cancer treatment might influence the child's short- and long-term health and development. The objective of the study was to investigate short- and long-term somatic and psychiatric outcomes in children exposed to maternal cancer in utero. METHODS This nationwide cohort study identified all liveborn children in Denmark between January 1978 and December 2018. Exposure was defined as maternal cancer diagnosis during pregnancy, and in a subgroup analysis, exposure to chemotherapy in utero. The main outcomes of interest were overall mortality, somatic diagnoses, and psychiatric diagnoses identified in the National Health Registers. Follow-up started at birth and ended at an event, death, emigration, or end of 2018. Hazard ratios of end points adjusted for potential confounders were estimated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Of 2,526,163 included liveborn children, 690 (0.03%) were exposed to maternal cancer in utero. Compared with unexposed fetuses, children exposed in utero had no higher overall mortality, adjusted hazard ratio 0.8 (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.5), nor increased risk of congenital malformations, overall somatic or psychiatric disease. During the period 2002-2018, of 378 (0.03%) children exposed to cancer in utero, 42 (12.5%) were exposed to chemotherapy. Among these 42 children, in utero exposure to chemotherapy was not associated with selected somatic diseases nor to congenital malformations when compared with in utero exposure to maternal cancer without chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Overall, findings did not indicate excess risk of mortality or severe morbidity among children exposed to cancer in utero. Fetal exposure to chemotherapy was not associated with adverse health outcomes in childhood.
Maternal Ezh1/2 deficiency in oocyte delays H3K27me2/3 restoration and impairs epiblast development responsible for embryonic sub-lethality in mouse
Authors: Zhao Yinan , Bai Dandan , Wu You , Zhang Dan , Liu Mengying , Tian Yingpu , Lu Jinhua , Wang Haibin , Gao Shaorong , Lu Zhongxian 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
How maternal Ezh1 and Ezh2 function in H3K27 methylation in vivo in pre-implantation embryos and during embryonic development is not clear. Here, we have deleted Ezh1 and Ezh2 alone or simultaneously from mouse oocytes. H3K27me3 was absent in oocytes without Ezh2 alone, while both H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 were absent in Ezh1/Ezh2 (Ezh1/2) double knockout (KO) oocytes. The effects of Ezh1/2 maternal KO were inherited in zygotes and early embryos, in which restoration of H3K27me3 and H3K27me2 was delayed by the loss of Ezh2 alone or of both Ezh1 and Ezh2. However, the ablation of both Ezh1 and Ezh2, but not Ezh1 or Ezh2 alone, led to significantly decreased litter size due to growth retardation post-implantation. Maternal Ezh1/2 deficiency caused compromised H3K27me3 and pluripotent epiblast cells in late blastocysts, followed by defective embryonic development. By using RNA-seq, we examined crucial developmental genes in maternal Ezh1/2 KO embryos and identified 80 putatively imprinted genes. Maternal Ezh1/2-H3K27 methylation is inherited in offspring embryos and has a critical effect on fetal and placental development. Thus, this work sheds light on maternal epigenetic modifications during embryonic development.
Oncogenic gain of function due to p53 amyloids occurs through aberrant alteration of cell cycle and proliferation
Authors: Navalkar Ambuja , Paul Ajoy , Sakunthala Arunima , Pandey Satyaprakash , Dey Amit Kumar , Saha Sandhini , Sahoo Sarthak , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Maiti Tushar K. , Maji Samir K. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Transcription factor p53 (also known as TP53) has been shown to aggregate into cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions, compromising its native tumor suppressive functions. Recently, p53 has been shown to form amyloids, which play a role in conferring cancerous properties to cells, leading to tumorigenesis. However, the exact pathways involved in p53 amyloid-mediated cellular transformations are unknown. Here, using an in cellulo model of full-length p53 amyloid formation, we demonstrate the mechanism of loss of p53 tumor-suppressive function with concomitant oncogenic gain of functions. Global gene expression profiling of cells suggests that p53 amyloid formation dysregulates genes associated with the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence along with major signaling pathways. This is further supported by a proteome analysis, showing a significant alteration in levels of p53 target proteins and enhanced metabolism, which enables the survival of cells. Our data indicate that specifically targeting the key molecules in pathways affected by p53 amyloid formation, such as cyclin-dependent kinase-1, leads to loss of the oncogenic phenotype and induces apoptosis of cells. Overall, our work establishes the mechanism of the transformation of cells due to p53 amyloids leading to cancer pathogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Sedentary Behavior and Physical Functioning in Middle-Age and Older Adults Living in the United States: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study
Authors: GILCHRIST SUSAN C. , BENNETT ALEENA , JUDD SUZANNE E. , AKINYEMIJU TOMI , HOWARD VIRGINIA J. , HOOKER STEVEN P. , CUSHMAN MARY , DIAZ KEITH M. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Sedentary behavior is associated with poor physical function in older adults, which can lead to accelerated skeletal muscle aging (sarcopenia) and premature mortality. We examined the independent and joint effects of sedentary behavior and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) with measures of physical functioning.

Methods
We studied 5408 participants in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study who wore a hip-mounted accelerometer over seven consecutive days (2009–2013) and had self-reported and directly observed physical function (time walk, chair stand test) measured during an in-home visit conducted from 2013 to 2016.

Results
Greater sedentary time was significantly associated with poorer chair stand and timed walk scores. Substituting 30 min of sedentary time with 30 min of MVPA was associated with significant improvements in chair stands (β −0.57; P = 0.007) and timed walk (β −0.36; P = 0.01). Similar, but less robust, findings were observed for reallocations of sedentary time to light-intensity physical activity. In joint association analyses, high sedentary time in combination with low MVPA (but not in combination with high MVPA) was associated with poorer physical function compared with the referent group (low sedentary time/high MVPA; P < 0.001 for all).

Conclusions
Greater time spent being sedentary was associated with worse physical functioning outcomes. However, reallocations of sedentary time to light-intensity physical activity, and especially MVPA, were associated with more favorable physical functioning. Interventions aimed to increase MVPA and reduce sedentary behavior should be a priority, especially among populations at greatest risk for sarcopenia and physical function decline.
Estimated number of deaths directly avoided because of COVID-19 vaccination among older adults in Colombia in 2021: an ecological, longitudinal observational study
Authors: Rojas-Botero Maylen Liseth , Fernández-Niño Julián Alfredo , Arregocés-Castillo Leonardo , Ruiz-Gómez Fernando 
Published: July 2022

Background: Colombia’s national COVID-19 vaccination plan began in February of 2021. It gave priority to older adults, who constituted 77.7% of deaths from this illness in the year 2020. The main goal of the plan is to decrease specific mortality and the number of serious COVID-19 cases, however, the number of deaths avoided by this strategy is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the number of avoided deaths in Colombia by fully vaccinating older adults against COVID-19, during the first year of the implementation of the national vaccination plan. Methods: This study took on the design of an ecological, longitudinal study. Full vaccination coverage for older adults was calculated for each epidemiological week and age group from March to December 2021, based on which the number of avoided COVID-19 deaths was estimated. A sensitivity analysis was performed taking into account variations in the vaccines’ effectiveness by age group. Results: In Colombia, over 5.3 million adults 60 years of age and older received full COVID-19 vaccinations between March and December 2021. During that same period, nearly 46,000 deaths of older adults from this cause were registered. We estimated that vaccination has avoided around 22,000 more older adults from dying from COVID-19 in Colombia, that is, 32.4% of expected deaths in 2021. According to the sensitivity analysis, the number of lives saved ranged from 19,597 to 36,507. Conclusions: Colombia’s strategy to vaccinate older adults against COVID-19 has avoided mortality for this age group from being 48.0% higher than what was observed during the study period. Even more lives have been saved when taking into account the parameters that were defined and the omission of the contribution from partial vaccinations.
Modelling Multiperiod Carbon Markets Using Singular Forward-Backward SDEs
Authors: Chassagneux Jean-François , Chotai Hinesh , Crisan Dan 
Published: July 2022

We introduce a model for the evolution of emissions and the price of emissions allowances in a carbon market, such as the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The model accounts for multiple trading periods, or phases, with multiple times at which compliance can occur. At the end of each trading period, the participating firms must surrender allowances for their emissions made during that period, and additional allowances can be used for compliance in the following periods. We show that the multiperiod allowance pricing problem is well-posed for various mechanisms (such as banking, borrowing, and withdrawal of allowances) linking the trading periods. The results are based on the analysis of a forward-backward stochastic differential equation with coupled forward and backward components, a discontinuous terminal condition, and a forward component that is degenerate. We also introduce an infinite-period model for a carbon market with a sequence of compliance times and with no end date. We show that, under appropriate conditions, the value function for the multiperiod pricing problem converges, as the number of periods increases, to a value function for this infinite-period model and that such functions are unique. Finally, we present a numerical example that demonstrates empirically the convergence of the multiperiod pricing problem. Funding: The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Climate-KIC funded all parts of H. Chotai’s PhD programme in the centre for doctoral training and provided many opportunities for travel to conferences and events during the programme. D. Crisan received financial support from École Polytechnique and Université Paris Diderot through visitor grants.
Implementing the care aims approach in children's services: a quality improvement pilot study
Authors: Griffiths Stephanie , Large Philippa , Lewis Teresa , Smiriglia Angharad , Thomas Chantal , Thomas Karen , Waters-Foster Sally , Watkins Lynne , Willard Sian , Williams Sharon 
Published: July 2022

Background/Aims Care aims is a population-based, person-centred approach which provides a strategy encompassing the management of a service, informing the population, empowering the workforce around the service user and supporting the person and their family to manage their own lives wherever possible. This pilot study implemented the care aims framework into children's services using quality improvement methods. Methods An audit of baseline data identified the referral process as an area for improvement in the service. Quality improvement techniques were used to design and test small cycles of change. Results The results of the audit showed up to 25% of ‘requests for help’ received from various referrers were not appropriate for several reasons, including old forms and incomplete information. Five tests of change were implemented, which had a mixed impact. Conclusions This pilot study can help other multidisciplinary teams who are implementing the care aims approach and looking to improve their referral processes in order to improve access to care.