bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Characterization of a Hollow and Duplex-Chambered Propulsion Module for Narrow Pipe Inspection
Authors: Yamamoto Tomonari , Kamimura Akiya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Conventional inspection procedures using industrial endoscope cameras find it challenging to inspect narrow pipes because the endoscope cannot be inserted in the pipes due to the increasing friction and complex pipe structure. Active propulsion techniques can help improve inspection efficiency; however, the locomotion mechanism in such a narrow space is challenging because of the pipe’s geometrical configuration. In this study, a novel flexible propulsion module is proposed for narrow pipe inspection. The module is designed based on a newly proposed hollow-type duplex-chambered inchworm mechanism, which achieves smooth inchworm locomotion using only two air supply lines. With a simple attachable module design, the inspection operator can easily add active propulsion capabilities onto the regular industrial endoscope camera with a maximum diameter of 7 mm. The concept of the system and the structure of the mechanism are presented herein. Various experiments and simulations were performed to reveal the characteristics of the mechanism, and the results are discussed in terms of operating pressure, generated force, and locomotion speed, among other parameters. A prototype demonstrated smooth locomotion through 31-mm pipes at 26.6, 22.1, and 51.1 mm/s for horizontal locomotion, vertical climbing, and vertical descent, respectively, and performed well through a bending pipe.
Kinematic Performance and Static Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom 3-RPS/US Parallel Manipulator With Two Passive Limbs
Authors: Li Xiao , Qu Haibo , Guo Sheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a new 3-RPS (the limb consisting of one revolute, one prismatic, and one spherical joint)/US (universal joint and spherical joint) parallel mechanism with two degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) is obtained by adding a US passive limb into the 3-RPS parallel mechanism with the aim of obtaining a high load-bearing capacity. The moving platform possesses two rotational motions, analyzed by the Grassmann line geometry and screw theory. Then, the kinematic performance of the mechanism is analyzed, including inverse kinematics, overall Jacobian matrix, workspace, and singularity. On this basis, the mapping between the driving force and the load on the moving platform is deduced and verified by simulation. Next, the static of the proposed parallel mechanism is compared with that of the 3-RPS mechanism. The results show that the load-bearing capacity of the mechanism is improved by introducing the US passive limb. Finally, a case study verifies the potential application of the mechanism as a dual-axis tracking photovoltaic bracket.
Analytical Study on Intricacies of Axial Conduction in Microchannel Heat Sinks
Authors: Mitra Indrasis , Ghosh Indranil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microchannel heat sinks are potential devices that remove heat flux from high power density miniaturized electronic components. While the large surface-area-to-volume ratio and high heat transfer coefficient are the key features rendering benefits, the small flow rate and short channel lengths alongside high solid cross section to fluid free flow area make them susceptible to intense axial conduction loss. The conventional models for macrodevices based on the one-dimensional energy equation are often inappropriate in the microdomain. A novel multidimensional analytical model (capable of capturing axial heat transfer in microchannel heat sinks) has been used to study the thermal performance over a varied range of geometric and flow parameters. The effect of axial conduction has been seen in the solid–fluid temperature profiles, interfacial flux distribution and the average amount of heat transferred axially. The results indicate a skewed flux distribution at the fluid–solid interface leading to nonlinear temperature variation when axial conduction is dominant. Moreover, it has been shown that nonlinearity in the fluid temperature introduces significant errors in experimental data reduction, leading to apparently very low Nusselt number estimation. Moreover, this erroneous data interpretation is also linked to the prediction of a strong Reynolds number dependency of the average Nusselt number in the laminar flow regime.
Deformation and Stresses During Alkali Metal Alloying/Dealloying of Sn-Based Electrodes
Authors: Gandharapu Pranay , Mukhopadhyay Amartya 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Enhancement of energy density and safety aspects of Li-ion cells necessitate the usage of “alloying reaction”-based anode materials in lieu of the presently used intercalation-based graphitic carbon. This becomes even more important for the upcoming Na-ion battery system since graphitic carbon does not intercalate sufficient Na-ions to qualify as an anode material. Among the potential “alloying reaction” based anode materials for Li-ion batteries and beyond (viz., Na-ion, K-ion battery systems), Si and Sn have received the major focus; with the inherently ductile nature of Sn (as against the brittleness of Si) and the considerably better stability in the context of electrochemical Na-/K-storage, of late, tilting the balance somewhat in favor of Sn. Nevertheless, similar to Si and most other “alloying reaction”-based anode materials, Sn also undergoes volume expansion/contraction and phase transformations during alkali metal-ion insertion/removal. These cause stress-induced cracking, pulverization, delamination from current collector, accrued polarization and, thus, fairly rapid capacity fade upon electrochemical cycling. Unlike Si, the aforementioned loss in mechanical integrity is believed to be primarily caused by some of the deleterious first-order phase transformations and concomitant formation of brittle intermetallic phases during the alloying/de-alloying process. Against this backdrop, this review article focuses on aspects related to deformation, stress development and associated failure mechanisms of Sn-based electrodes for alkali-metal ion batteries; eventually establishing correlations between phase assemblage/transformation, stress development, mechanical integrity, electrode composition/architecture and electrochemical behavior.
U-Pb and fission-track data from zircon and apatite resolve latest- and post-Alleghanian thermal histories along the Fall Line of the Atlantic margin of the southeastern United States
Authors: Craddock William H. , O'Sullivan Paul B. , McAleer Ryan J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the Atlantic continental margin of the eastern United States is an archetypal passive margin, episodes of rejuvenation following continental breakup are increasingly well documented. To better constrain this history of rejuvenation along the southern portion of this continental margin, we present zircon U-Pb (ZUPb) age, zircon fission-track (ZFT) age, apatite U-Pb (AUPb) age, and apatite fission-track (AFT) age and length data from six bedrock samples. The samples were collected along the boundary between the exposed Appalachian hinterland (Piedmont province) and the updip limit of passive margin strata (Coastal Plain province). The samples were collected from central Virginia southward to the South Carolina–Georgia border. ZUPb age distributions are generally consistent with geologic mapping in each of the sample areas. The AUPb data are highly discordant owing to high common-Pb abundances, but for two plutons at the northern and southern ends of the sample area, they define a discordia regression line that indicates substantial Permo-Triassic exhumation-driven cooling. ZFT age distributions are highly dispersed but define central values ranging from Permian to Jurassic. AFT data mostly appear to define a singular underlying cooling age, generally approximately Jurassic or Early Cretaceous. Apatite fission tracks are moderately long (mean lengths in the range of ~13.5 µm), however track lengths for one sample in central North Carolina are shorter (~12.5 µm). To interpret the post-breakup thermal history, we present inverse models of time-temperature history for the five plutonic samples. The models show a history of (1) rapid cooling (&gt;10 °C/m.y.) from deep-crustal to near-surface temperatures by the Triassic, (2) hundreds of degrees of Triassic reheating, (3) Jurassic–Early Cretaceous cooling (at rates of 1–10 °C/m.y.), and (4) slow Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic cooling (~1 °C/m.y.). An additional suite of forward models is presented to further evaluate the magnitude of maximum Triassic reheating at one sample site that is particularly well constrained by thermal maturity data. The model results and geologic reasoning suggest that the inverse models may overestimate Triassic paleotemperatures but that other aspects of the inverse modeling are robust. Overall, this thermal history can be reconciled with several aspects of the lithostratigraphy of distal parts of the continental margin, including the lack of Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous strata beneath the southern Atlantic coastal plain and Cretaceous–Cenozoic grain-size trends.
Approach for reporting master protocol study designs on ClinicalTrials.gov: qualitative analysis
Authors: Williams Rebecca J , Dobbins Heather D , Tse Tony , Chon Sandy D , Loose David , Sarosy Gisele A , Prindiville Sheila A , Rockhold Frank W , Zarin Deborah A 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe an approach for reporting master protocol research programs (MPRPs) that is consistent with existing good reporting practices and that uses structured information to convey the overall master protocol and design of each substudy.DesignQualitative analysis.Data sourcesClinicalTrials.gov trial registry.Main outcome measuresEstablished goals and related practices of the trial reporting system were outlined, examples and key characteristics of MPRPs were reviewed, and specific challenges in registering and reporting summary results to databases designed for traditional clinical trial designs that rely on a model of one study per protocol were identified.ResultsA reporting approach is proposed that accommodates the complex study design of MPRPs and their results. This approach involves the use of separate registration records for each substudy within one MPRP protocol (with potential exceptions noted).ConclusionsHow the proposed approach allows for clear, descriptive, structured information about each substudy’s prespecified design and supports timely reporting of results after completion of each substudy is described and illustrated. Although the focus is on reporting to ClinicalTrials.gov, the approach supports broader application across trial registries and results databases. This paper is intended to stimulate further discussion of this approach among stakeholders, build awareness about the need to improve reporting of MPRPs, and encourage harmonization across trial registries globally.
Health literacy in medication communication during hospital discharge: a qualitative study at an internal medicines ward in Norway
Authors: Bengtsson Kajsa Rebecka , Rognan Stine Eidhammer , Kälvemark Sporrong Sofia , Lie Helene Berg , Andersson Yvonne , Mowe Morten , Mathiesen Liv 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveWhen discharged from hospital patients are often assumed to have sufficient health literacy (HL) to participate in their medical treatment and manage medical self-care after discharge. However, limited HL is a widespread concern and patient participation during discharge is lacking. In this study, we explore how HL influences medication communication during hospital discharge.DesignA qualitative case study, comprising unstructured observations of patient–healthcare personnel (HCP) encounters followed by semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis.SettingAn internal medicines ward at a university hospital in Norway.ParticipantFifteen patients aged 40–89 years were included close to the day of discharge.ResultsThe following themes describing dimensions of HL emerged: (1) access, (2) understand, (3) appraise and (4) apply. Most patients sought access to medication information from HCP, while some felt dependent on HCP to provide it. However, their abilities to understand, evaluate and make informed decisions were challenged, partly because HCPs’ ability to adapt their communication to the patient’s knowledgebase varied.ConclusionThe results give a broader understanding of how HL influences medication communication during hospital discharge. To consider central dimensions of HL is important to achieve optimal medication communication, as the communication only can be exercised within the frames of the patient’s HL. The findings in this study support that HL should be described as a shared responsibility between the patients and HCP. Attention should be focused to the HCP’s responsibility to adapt the communication to the patient’s knowledgebase.
Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) for psychological distress associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): protocol for a feasibility trial of the ACTforIBD programme
Authors: Evans Subhadra , Olive Lisa , Dober Madeleine , Knowles Simon , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , O Eric , Gibson Peter , Raven Leanne , Gearry Richard , McCombie Andrew , van Niekerk Leesa , Chesterman Susan , Romano Daniel , Mikocka-Walus Antonina 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves an abnormal immune response to healthy gut bacteria. When a person develops IBD, their susceptibility to anxiety and/or depression increases. The ACTforIBD programme, specifically designed for people with IBD and comorbid psychological distress, draws on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which promotes acceptance of situations that cannot be solved such as persistent physical symptoms. There are no ACT trials for IBD using an active control group or a telemedicine approach, which is important to improve accessibility, particularly in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The ACTforIBD programme is administered online with a 4-hour therapist involvement per participant only; if successful it can be widely implemented to improve the well-being of many individuals with IBD.Methods and analysisOur team have codesigned with consumers the ACTforIBD programme, an 8-week intervention of 1-hour sessions, with the first three sessions and the last session delivered one-to-one by a psychologist, and the other sessions self-directed online. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of ACTforIBD to reduce psychological distress in patients with IBD. Using a randomised controlled trial, 25 participants will be randomised to ACTforIBD, and 25 patients to an active control condition.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by Deakin University Research Ethics Committee in September 2021 (Ref. 2021-263) and the New Zealand Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee in December 2021 (Ref. 2021 EXP 11384). The results of this research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and shared with various stakeholders, including community members, policy-makers and researchers, through local and international conferences.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001316897.
Multilevel determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA: protocol for a concurrent triangulation, mixed-methods study
Authors: Liu Jihong , Hung Peiyin , Liang Chen , Zhang Jiajia , Qiao Shan , Campbell Berry A , Olatosi Bankole , Torres Myriam E , Hikmet Neset , Li Xiaoming 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected communities of colour the hardest. Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic pregnant women appear to have disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 infection and death rates.Methods and analysisWe will use the socioecological framework and employ a concurrent triangulation, mixed-methods study design to achieve three specific aims: (1) examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on racial/ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality (SMMM); (2) explore how social contexts (eg, racial/ethnic residential segregation) have contributed to the widening of racial/ethnic disparities in SMMM during the pandemic and identify distinct mediating pathways through maternity care and mental health; and (3) determine the role of social contextual factors on racial/ethnic disparities in pregnancy-related morbidities using machine learning algorithms. We will leverage an existing South Carolina COVID-19 Cohort by creating a pregnancy cohort that links COVID-19 testing data, electronic health records (EHRs), vital records data, healthcare utilisation data and billing data for all births in South Carolina (SC) between 2018 and 2021 (>200 000 births). We will also conduct similar analyses using EHR data from the National COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative including >270 000 women who had a childbirth between 2018 and 2021 in the USA. We will use a convergent parallel design which includes a quantitative analysis of data from the 2018–2021 SC Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (unweighted n>2000) and in-depth interviews of 40 postpartum women and 10 maternal care providers to identify distinct mediating pathways.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by institutional review boards at the University of SC (Pro00115169) and the SC Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC IRB.21-030). Informed consent will be provided by the participants in the in-depth interviews. Study findings will be disseminated with key stakeholders including patients, presented at academic conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.
Using stated-preferences methods to develop a summary metric to determine successful treatment of children with a surgical condition: a study protocol
Authors: Rivero-Arias Oliver , Buckell John , Allin Benjamin , Craig Benjamin M , Ayman Goher , Knight Marian 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionWide variation in the management of key paediatric surgical conditions in the UK has likely resulted in outcomes for some children being worse than they could be. Consequently, it is important to reduce unwarranted variation. However, major barriers to this are the inability to detect differences between observed and expected hospital outcomes based on the casemix of the children they have treated, and the inability to detect variation in significant outcomes between hospitals. A stated-preference study has been designed to estimate the value key stakeholders place on different elements of the outcomes for a child with a surgical condition. This study proposes to develop a summary metric to determine what represents successful treatment of children with surgical conditions.Methods and analysisPreferences from parents, individuals treated for surgical conditions as infants/children, healthcare professionals and members of the public will be elicited using paired comparisons and kaizen tasks. A descriptive framework consisting of seven attributes representing types of operations, infections treated in hospital, quality of life and survival was identified. An experimental design has been completed using a D-efficient design with overlap in three attributes and excluding implausible combinations. All participants will be presented with an additional choice task including a palliative scenario that will be used as an anchor. The survey will be administered online. Primary analysis will estimate a mixed multinomial logit model. A traffic light system to determine what combination of attributes and levels represent successful treatment will be created.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval to conduct this study has been obtained from the Medical Sciences Inter-Divisional Research Ethics Committee (IDREC) at the University of Oxford (R59631/RE001-05). We will disseminate all of our results in peer-review publications and scientific presentations. Findings will be additionally disseminated through relevant charities and support groups and professional organisations.
The deceleration parameter in ‘tilted’ universes: generalising the Friedmann background
Authors: Tsagas Christos G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge-scale bulk peculiar motions introduce a characteristic length scale, inside which the local kinematics are dominated by peculiar-velocity perturbations rather than by the background Hubble expansion. Regions smaller than the aforementioned critical length, which typically varies between few hundred and several hundred Mpc, can be heavily “contaminated” by the observers’ relative motion. For example, at the critical length – hereafter referred to as the “transition scale”, the sign of the locally measured deceleration parameter can change from positive to negative, while the surrounding universe is still decelerating globally. Overall, distant observers can assign very different values to their local deceleration parameters, entirely because of their relative motion. In practice, this suggests that information selected from regions inside and close to the transition scale hold only locally and they should not be readily extrapolated to the global universe. We show that this principle applies to essentially all Friedmann backgrounds, irrespective of their equation of state and spatial curvature. Put another way, the transition scale and the related effects are generic to linear peculiar-velocity perturbations. This study generalises previous work applied, primarily for reasons of mathematical simplicity, to a perturbed Einstein–de Sitter universe.
Production of $$Z_{cs}$$ in B and $$B_s$$ decays
Authors: Wu Qi , Chen Dian-Yong , Qin Wen-Hua , Li Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the present work, we investigate the productions of $$Z_{cs}^+$$

Z

cs

+

in $$B^+$$

B
+

and $$B_s^0$$

B
s
0

decays, where $$Z_{cs}^+$$

Z

cs

+

is assigned as a $$D_s^{+} {\bar{D}}^{*0} + D_s^{*+}{\bar{D}}^0$$

D
s
+

D

¯

∗
0

+

D
s

∗
+

D

¯

0

molecular state. By using an effective Lagrangian approach, we evaluate the branching fractions of $$B^0_s\rightarrow K^- Z^+_{cs}$$

B
s
0

→

K
-

Z

cs

+

and $$B^+\rightarrow \phi Z^{+}_{cs}$$

B
+

→
ϕ

Z

cs

+

via the triangle loop mechanism. The estimated branching fractions of $$B^0_s\rightarrow K^- Z^+_{cs}$$

B
s
0

→

K
-

Z

cs

+

and $$B^+\rightarrow \phi Z^{+}_{cs}$$

B
+

→
ϕ

Z

cs

+

are of the order of $$10^{-4} $$

10

-
4

and $$10^{-5}$$

10

-
5

, respectively. The ratio of these two branching fractions is estimated to be about 4, which indicate that the $$B_s^0 \rightarrow K^\pm Z^\mp _{cs} \rightarrow K^+ K^- J/\psi $$

B
s
0

→

K
±

Z

cs

∓

→

K
+

K
-

J
/
ψ

may be a better process of searching $$Z_{cs}$$

Z

cs

and accessible for further experimental measurements of the Belle II and LHCb Collaborations.