bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the resilience of coldwater lake habitat to climate and land use change to prioritize watershed conservation
Authors: Hansen Gretchen J. A. , Wehrly Kevin E. , Vitense Kelsey , Walsh Jake R. , Jacobson Peter C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractManaging ecological systems for resilience can increase their capacity to maintain key functions even under global change. Oxygenated coldwater (oxythermal) habitat in lakes is an important ecological resource that is threatened by both climate change and eutrophication. Here, we quantify the resilience of oxythermal habitat in over 10,000 glacial lakes in the upper Midwestern United States to climate change and watershed disturbance and classify lakes for conservation prioritization based on their current conditions and resilience. Oxythermal habitat was predicted by lake morphometry, July air temperatures, and watershed land use. Temperatures are projected to increase by mid‐century, and the magnitude of warming, its effect on oxythermal habitat, and the uncertainty surrounding that effect varied among lakes. Under mid‐century climate conditions, the number of lakes containing suitable coldwater habitat was predicted to decline by 67%, while the number of lakes with unsuitable habitat was predicted to increase by over 200%. Lakes varied in the amount of temperature increase that they could sustain without a resultant change in habitat tier (i.e., their climate resilience). Median climate resilience was 4.3°C, with some lakes capable of remaining in their habitat tier even with temperature increases up to 14°C. Changing watershed land use was predicted to influence oxythermal habitat in 24% of lakes (n = 2391). We used the magnitude of increase in watershed development that a lake could sustain while remaining in its current habitat class as a measure of its resilience to watershed disturbance. Conversely, decreased watershed development may improve oxythermal habitat conditions and push a lake into an improved condition, and this value represented a lake's restoration potential. We classified lakes into seven management classes based on their current oxythermal habitat conditions and the resilience of oxythermal habitat to climate and watershed disturbance. To facilitate management on individual lakes, we also assessed the vulnerability and resilience of individual lakes and the uncertainty surrounding these estimates. By quantifying the resilience of lakes and how it is influenced by local action across a multistate region, we can prioritize conservation action across multiple scales to maintain the critical habitat and ecosystem function of glacial lakes.
Early snowmelt by an extreme warming event affects understory more than overstory trees in Japanese temperate forests
Authors: Makoto Kobayashi , Templer Pamela H. , Katayama Ayumi , Seki Osamu , Takagi Kentaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe occurrence of extreme warm events and early snowmelt is predicted to increase in high‐latitude ecosystems, even during periods of time when there is no coincident reduction in total precipitation. However, because extreme events like these occur unpredictably, little is known about how advancing snowmelt by a single extreme warm event, without a reduction in precipitation amount, influences overstory trees and understory vegetation simultaneously in an ecosystem. We conducted a warming experiment (four 20 × 20 m plots) in temperate forests of Japan to determine the effects of earlier snowmelt on both understory dwarf bamboo plants and overstory birch trees. Our experimental treatment advanced snowmelt by about 10 days and increased soil temperatures that were associated with increased rates of soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification. Furthermore, these changes led to lower C:N ratios of leaves together with the greater growth of understory bamboo vegetation, with no changes in leaf C:N or growth rates of overstory birch trees. Together, our results demonstrate that advancing snowmelt by an extreme warm event in temperate forests is likely to affect N cycling and will benefit understory vegetation without a commensurate change in overstory vegetation, likely due to the increase in available soil N. These results also demonstrate that with the projected increase in the frequency of extreme warm events and advanced snowmelt, understory vegetation is likely to benefit more than overstory trees in Japanese temperate forests with heavy snow.
Systematic review of efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists in left ventricular thrombus
Authors: Huang Lei , Tan Yuan , Pan Yilong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular thrombus (LVT) increases the risk of thrombotic events and mortality. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) used to treat LVT have several known risks, as a result of which direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use has recently increased. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DOACs and VKAs in treating LVT.Methods and resultsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library trials, and Web of Science databases for studies published before 19 April 2022, involving DOAC versus VKA treatment for patients with LVT. This meta‐analysis comprised 21 studies (total patients, n = 3172; DOAC group, n = 888; VKA group, n = 2284). A statistically significant reduction in bleeding events was observed in patients on DOACs vs. those on VKAs (risk ratio (RR) = 0.73, P = 0.004). Patients on DOACs residing in North American and European regions and those with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) had a significantly lower risk of bleeding events than patients residing in other regions or those with a different LVT aetiology, respectively (RR = 0.78, P = 0.04; RR = 0.38, P = 0.02; and RR = 0.63, P = 0.009). A statistically significant reduction in stroke in patients on DOACs versus VKAs (RR = 0.72, P = 0.03) was observed, and patients on DOACs residing in North America and those with IHD had a significantly lower risk of stroke (RR = 0.73, P = 0.04, and RR = 0.61, P = 0.03, respectively). Compared with VKAs, DOACs are statistically associated with an increase in LVT resolution at 1 month (RR = 1.96, P = 0.008). No statistical between‐group difference in all‐cause mortality (RR = 0.72, P = 0.05), systemic embolism (RR = 0.87, P = 0.74), stroke or systemic embolism (RR = 0.90, P = 0.50), and LVT resolution at the end of follow‐up (RR = 1.06, P = 0.13) was observed.ConclusionsCompared with VKAs, DOACs significantly reduce the risk of bleeding events and stroke in LVT patients, but mortality was similar in both groups. The advantages are apparent not only in patients belonging to the predominantly white residential areas such as North American and European regions but also in patients with LVT due to IHD. DOACs show promising effects in treating LVT compared with VKAs.
Prognostic value of various markers in recovery from peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hosseinpour Alireza , Hosseinpour Hamidreza , Kheshti Fatemeh , Abdollahifard Saeed , Attar Armin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsThe aetiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is still not clear, and it is unknown who would recover from PPCM. In this meta‐analysis, for the first time, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of potential baseline factors that may help predict recovery in patients with PPCM.MethodsA systematic approach following the Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline was taken by using appropriate keywords in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases. Studies that had compared different clinical and paraclinical markers at the time of diagnosis related to cardiovascular function between recovered and non‐recovered patients with PPCM were included. To find potential predictors of recovery, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated for different parameters using the random‐effects model.ResultsEighteen cohort studies including 1047 patients with PPCM were enrolled. Six markers out of the 11 potentially eligible markers were associated with PPCM recovery. Baseline echocardiographic parameters [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR = 4.84 [2.53; 9.26]), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (OR = 3.67 [2.58; 5.23]), left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (OR = 3.99 [2.27; 7.02]), and fractional shortening (OR = 6.14 [1.81; 20.85])] were strong predictors of PPCM recovery. Systolic blood pressure (OR = 2.16 [1.38; 3.38]) and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 2.06 [1.07; 3.96]) at diagnosis were also associated with recovery.ConclusionsPatients with PPCM who have a higher baseline LVEF, lower left ventricular diameters, and higher blood pressure levels have a greater chance to recover from PPCM.
Right ventricular and atrial strain in patients with advanced melanoma undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Pohl Julia , Totzeck Matthias , Mincu Raluca‐I. , Margraf Simone M. , Scheipers Lena , Michel Lars , Mahabadi Amir A. , Zimmer Lisa , Rassaf Tienush , Hendgen‐Cotta Ulrike B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsWhile immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy significantly improves survival rates in advanced melanoma, ICI can evoke severe immune‐related cardiovascular adverse events. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction negatively impacts the outcomes in cardiovascular diseases and may be an early sign for overall cardiotoxicity. We aimed to assess RV function in melanoma patients undergoing ICI therapy using conventional echocardiographic and strain imaging techniques.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively examined 30 patients (40% women, age 59 ± 13 years) with advanced melanoma (stage III/IV) before and 4 weeks after the start of ICI therapy (follow‐up at 39 ± 15 days); n = 15 of the patients received nivolumab, and n = 15 received the combination therapy nivolumab/ipilimumab. Two‐dimensional echocardiography with assessment of RV longitudinal strain of the free wall (RV‐LSFW) and assessment of right atrial (RA) strain from speckle tracking was performed at baseline and after the start of ICI therapy. Short‐term ICI therapy caused a reduction of RV‐LSFW (−25.5 ± 6.4% vs. −22.4 ± 4.3%, P = 0.002) and of RA strain during contraction phase (−10.6 ± 3.5% vs. −7.7 ± 3.1%, P = 0.001). Conventional parameters including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), fractional area change (FAC), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure were not different between the two time points (TAPSE 26 ± 5 vs. 25 ± 5 mm, P = 0.125; FAC 38 ± 13% vs. 38 ± 14%, P = 0.750; and pulmonary artery systolic pressure 27 ± 10 vs. 25 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.268).ConclusionsAnalysis of RV and RA strain shows alterations even in a short‐term follow‐up, while changes in RV function are not visible by conventional RV parameters. Alterations in RV and RA strain could be early signs of cardiotoxicity and therefore should be assessed in patients undergoing ICI therapy.
Hypotension on cardiopulmonary stress test predicts 90 day mortality after LVAD implantation in INTERMACS 3–6 patients
Authors: Maharaj Valmiki , Agdamag Arianne C. , Duval Sue , Edmiston Jonathan , Charpentier Victoria , Fraser Meg , Hall Alexandra , Schultz Jessica , John Ranjit , Shaffer Andrew , Martin Cindy M. , Thenappan Thenappan , Francis Gary S. , Cogswell Rebecca , Alexy Tamas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsCardiopulmonary stress test (CPX) is routinely performed when evaluating patient candidacy for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. The predictive value of hypotensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) response during CPX on clinical outcomes is unknown. This study aims to determine the effect of hypotensive SBP response during to clinical outcomes among patients who underwent LVAD implantation.Methods and resultsThis was a retrospective single center study enrolling consecutive patients implanted with a continuous flow LVAD between 2011 and 2022. Hypotensive SBP response was defined as peak exercise SBP below the resting value. Multivariable Cox‐regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between hypotensive SBP response and all‐cause mortality within 30 and 90 days of LVAD implantation. A subgroup analysis was performed for patients implanted with a HeartMate III (HM III) device. Four hundred thirty‐two patients underwent LVAD implantation during the pre‐defined period and 156 with INTERMACS profiles 3–6 met our inclusion criteria. The median age was 63 years (IQR 54–69), and 52% had ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Hypotensive SBP response was present in 35% of patients and was associated with increased 90 day all‐cause mortality (unadjusted HR 9.16, 95% CI 1.98–42; P = 0.0046). Hazard ratio remained significant after adjusting for age, INTERMACS profile, serum creatinine, and total bilirubin. Findings were similar in the HM III subgroup.ConclusionsHypotensive SBP response on pre‐LVAD CPX is associated with increased perioperative and 90 day mortality after LVAD implantation. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of increased mortality observed.
Secondary rituximab‐associated versus primary immunodeficiencies: The enigmatic border
Authors: Ottaviano Giorgio , Sgrulletti Mayla , Moschese Viviana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRituximab (RTX), a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting CD20‐positive cells, is a valuable treatment option for malignant and benign immune‐related disorders. The rationale of targeting the CD20 antigen relies on depletion of both healthy and autoreactive/malignant CD20‐espressing cells, but normal B‐cell reconstitution is expected within months after treatment. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies have documented prolonged B‐cell deficiency associated with new‐onset hypogammaglobulinemia in patients receiving RTX. Awareness of post‐RTX hypogammaglobulinemia has become wider among clinicians, with a growing number of reports about the increased incidence, especially in children. Although these patients were previously regarded as affected by secondary/iatrogenic immunodeficiency, atypical clinical and immunological manifestations (e.g., severe or opportunistic infections; prolonged B‐cell aplasia) raise concerns of delayed manifestations of genetic immunological disorders that have been unveiled by B‐cell perturbation. As more patients with undiagnosed primary immune deficiency receiving RTX have been identified, it remains the challenge in discerning those that might display a higher risk of persistent RTX‐associated hypogammaglobulinemia and need a tailored immunology follow‐up. In this review, we summarize the principal evidence regarding post‐RTX hypogammaglobulinemia and provide a guideline for identifying patients at higher risk of RTX‐associated hypogammaglobulinemia that could harbor an inborn error of immunity.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Adducts of Germanium(IV) and Tin(IV) Chlorides and Organyl Chlorides
Authors: Philipp Michael S. M. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Radius Udo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA study on the reactivity of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene cAACMe with selected germanium(IV) and tin(IV) chlorides and organyl chlorides is presented. The reactions of the NHCs Me2ImMe, iPr2ImMe and Dipp2Im with the methyl chlorides ECl2Me2 afforded the adducts NHC ⋅ ECl2Me2 (E=Ge (1), Sn (2)), NHC=Me2ImMe (a), iPr2ImMe (b), Dipp2Im (c)). The reaction of Me2ImMe with GeCl4 led to isolation of Me2ImMe ⋅ GeCl4 (3), the reaction of iPr2ImMe with SnCl4 in THF afforded the THF adduct iPr2ImMe ⋅ SnCl4 ⋅ THF (4). Dipp2Im ⋅ GeCl2Me2 (1 c) isomerized into the backbone coordinated imidazolium salt [aDipp2Im ⋅ GeClMe2][Cl] (5) upon thermal treatment. The reactions of cAACMe with (i) ECl2R2 (E=Ge, Sn) gave the adducts cAACMe ⋅ ECl2R2 (R=Me: E=Ge (6); Sn (7); Ph: E=Ge (8)), with (ii) GeClMe3 and GeCl4 the salts [cAACMe ⋅ GeMe3][Cl] (9) and [cAACMeCl][GeCl3] (10), and (iii) with SnCl4 the salt [cAACMeCl][SnCl3] (11) and the adduct cAACMe ⋅ SnCl4 (12). Reduction of 2 a with KC8 afforded the NHC‐stabilized stannylene Me2ImMe ⋅ SnMe2 13, reduction of 7 with either KC8 or 1,4‐bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐1,4‐dihydropyrazin in the presence of SnCl2Me2 yielded cAACMe ⋅ SnMe2 ⋅ SnMe2Cl2 (14).
Organocatalytic Synthesis and Anti‐Trypanosomal Activity Evaluation of L‐Pentofuranose‐Mimetic Iminosugars
Authors: Mesa Juan M. , Comini Marcelo A. , Dibello Estefanía , Gamenara Daniela 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA series of L‐lyxo and L‐xylo‐ pentofuranose‐mimetic iminosugars and derivatives were efficiently synthesized in a stereoselective manner, through a concise strategy which involves an organocatalyzed Mannich reaction of an imine and a protected dioxanone as key step, using D‐proline as catalyst. A preliminary evaluation of their activity as potential anti‐trypanosomal agents was studied. One of the synthesized compounds showed an interesting activity against bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EC50=3.8±1.0 μM).
Trifluoromethylated Indolopyranones through Regioselective Annulation of Indole Carboxylic Acids with Unsymmetric Internal Trifluoromethylated Alkynes
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Liu Guangyuan , Peng Yiyuan , Li Hua , Zhou Yirong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative cross coupling/annulation of indole carboxylic acids with unsymmetric internal trifluoromethylated alkynes was accomplished, which enabled direct access to diverse trifluoromethylated indolopyranones, by combining indole, pyranone and trifluoromethyl, three valid pharmacophores, into one molecule. Diverse indole‐3‐carboxylic acids and indole‐2‐carboxylic acids were proved to be suitable reaction partners. Excellent regioselectivity was dominated by electron difference of unsymmetric alkynes. Moderate to good yields, high efficiency and atom economy were achieved for a broad substrate scope with high functional group tolerance.
Stereospecific Access to α‐ and β‐N‐Glycosylamine Derivatives by a Metal Free O‐to‐N [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Pratesi Debora , Mirabella Stefania , Petrucci Giulia , Matassini Camilla , Faggi Cristina , Cardona Francesca , Goti Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlycosylamine derivatives are biologically relevant compounds widespread in Nature, but the synthesis of this motif has been little addressed and its access with control of configuration at the anomeric carbon is challenging. Glycals substituted at C‐3 with a carbamate group undergo, upon dehydration, a prompt allyl cyanate to isocyanate rearrangement to the isomeric N‐glycosyl isocyanates, which can be conveniently trapped by one‐pot nucleophilic addition with alcohols or amines to afford N‐glycosyl carbamates and ureas, respectively. The rearrangement follows a [3,3]‐sigmatropic pericyclic mechanism as illustrated by the stereospecificity of the reaction, with nitrogen being delivered at the anomeric position to the same face from which the oxygen at C‐3 has departed. Thus, glucal and galactal give β‐N‐glycosides exclusively while allal furnishes α‐N‐glycosides. cis‐Dihydroxylation of the synthesized unsaturated N‐glycosides afford different 1‐aminosugars with good selectivity.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Racemic Cyclic Allyl Bromides with Organolithium Compounds
Authors: Li Jun , Song Xiao , Wu Fusong , You Hengzhi , Chen Fen‐Er 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrganolithium reagents are one of the most widely used reagents in chemical synthesis. Herein, we reported the first study of organolithium reagents used in asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) reactions with racemic cyclic substrates. A simple and efficient Cu‐catalyzed synthesis of enantiomerically enriched cycloalkene derivatives from various racemic cyclic allylic bromides was developed. The standard method employed 5 % CuBr⋅SMe2 in combination with phosphoramidite ligand L2 in DCM. Meanwhile, transfer of the reactions into flow condition for more convenient application was also studied. This new Cu‐catalyzed protocol was speculated to undergo an enantioconvergent transformation mechanism here.
An experimental study on synthesis of ternary biodiesel through potassium hydroxide catalyst transesterification
Authors: Murugesan Elango , Kannan G. Radhakrishnan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe novelty of this study is synthesis fuel of biodiesel from the Brassica napus seed oil (BN‐B), Linum usitatissimum seed oil (LU‐B) and diesel to improve the performance of SCDE and minimize the CO2 emissions. BN‐B and LU‐B were produced using a 0.1 N potassium hydroxide catalyst and methanol to synthesis biodiesel from B. napus and L. usitatissimum seed oil. The glycerine and biodiesel are separated using the transesterification filtration process. The research was carried out without any modifications with the objective of analyzing performance and emissions in a SCDE at variable load and constant speed. SCDE investigates the impact of five different triple combinations of BN‐B and LU‐B blended with diesel. The experiments yielded the following results, B1‐B and B2‐B have calorific values of 42.2 and 41.6 MJ/kg, respectively. The fuel consumption of the triple blend combination was lower than that of the diesel at full load and constant speed. The triple blend combination emits less nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) than diesel, according to the results of the emission tests.
Genotype–environment interaction of crocin in Gardenia jasminoides by AMMI and GGE biplot analysis
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Lili , Fu Chao , Zhang Ting , Ding Wei , Yang Chunxia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo investigate the effect of genotype–environment interaction (GEI) on Gardenia jasminoides crocin contents, this study combined the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot method to investigate the adaptation and stability of 11 Gardenia jasminoides genotypes at three experimental sites in Jiangxi Province with replications. The AMMI analysis showed that genotype, environment, and the GEI had extremely significant effects on Gardenia jasminoides crocin contents (p < .001). The GEI was the main factor causing the content variation, followed by genotype. The AMMI model and biplot analysis showed that the HC20 genotype had high and stable crocin contents. The GGE biplot analysis showed that Fengcheng and Gongqingcheng were optimal test sites for the selection of Gardenia jasminoides genotypes based on their crocin contents; additionally, the HC20 genotype was a suitable dominant genotype to promote cultivation in the test areas, and the GY8 genotype could be widely planted in the Gongqingcheng area. Therefore, the AMMI and GGE biplot genotype evaluation results were basically consistent. Comprehensive and effective evaluation of genotype and regional test sites can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and development of Gardenia jasminoides clones with high and stable crocin contents and the selection of test sites.