bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Digital Papillary Adenocarcinomas Reveals Alterations in Matrix Remodeling and Metabolic Genes
Authors: Bayraktar Erol Can , Aung Phyu P. , Gill Pavandeep , Shen Guomiao , Vasudevaraja Varshini , Lai Zongshan , Chiriboga Luis , Ivan Doina , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Curry Jonathan L. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Prieto Victor G. , Jour George 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDigital papillary adenocarcinoma (DPAC) is a rare but aggressive cutaneous malignant sweat gland neoplasm that occurs on acral sites. Despite its clinical significance, the cellular and genetic characteristics of DPAC remain incompletely understood.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis of DPAC (n = 14) using targeted next‐generation DNA and RNA sequencing, along with gene expression profiling employing the Nanostring Technologies nCounter IO 360 Panel. Gene expression in DPAC was compared to that in hidradenoma (n = 10). Immunohistochemistry was employed to validate gene expression.ResultsTwo out of eight DPACs showed fusion gene rearrangements (CRTC3::MAML2 and TRPS1::PLAG1). No uniform mutational signature was detected in DPAC. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed an enrichment of genes related to matrix remodeling, metabolism, and DNA damage repair. Hallmark pathway analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of E2F target genes in DPAC compared to hidradenoma (p = 0.00710). Human papillomavirus‐42 was found to be positive in all of our tested DPAC cases. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased protein expression of CD56, CDC20, and SOX10 in DPAC. Notably, most DPAC tumors also exhibited B‐cell infiltration, as indicated by CD20 staining.ConclusionsOur findings reveal novel fusions and validate altered replication pathways related to HPV42 in DPAC.
Contribution of individual legs to overall attachment in the adult ladybird Harmonia axyridis depends on the relative leg orientation to an external force
Authors: Saitta Valerio , Rebora Manuela , Piersanti Silvana , Gorb Elena , Salerno Gianandrea , Gorb Stanislav 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the attachment ability of harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), focusing on the synergic action of opposite legs, the anisotropy of adhesive organs and sexual dimorphism. Contrary to expectations, experiments showed that beetles with fewer legs sometimes exhibited higher attachment forces, challenging the hypothesis that collective leg action enhances attachment. This result is attributed to differences in experimental set‐ups, where our centrifugal method highlighted the importance of pad orientation relative to external forces. The anisotropy of adhesive pads, characterized by the directional dependence of adhesion and friction, significantly influenced attachment performance. Results demonstrated that inward‐oriented legs enhanced attachment due to lower peeling angles, whereas outward orientation reduced effectiveness. Sexual dimorphism was evident in the structure of adhesive pads, with males possessing discoidal setae on fore‐ and midlegs. No significant difference in attachment was observed between intact males and females on smooth surfaces, although ablated males sometimes showed higher forces due to the presence of discoidal setae. These findings underscore that attachment strength in H. axyridis is not solely dependent on pad area but also on the orientation and anisotropic properties of adhesive organs, as well as the specific role of sexual dimorphism in leg morphology.
Indications for continuous electroencephalography and frequency of electrographic seizure detection in a pediatric and neonatal cardiovascular intensive care unit
Authors: Segal J. Bradley , Yang Jeffrey K. , Silverman Andrew , Darji Himani , He Zihuai , Campen Cynthia J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveSeizures are a recognized complication of critical cardiovascular illness in infants and children. We assessed the diagnostic yield of continuous video‐electroencephalography (cEEG) in a pediatric and neonatal cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) by the symptoms and risk factors prompting cEEG evaluation.MethodsThis retrospective case series included all consecutive cEEGs in patients ≤21 years old performed in one CVICU over 38 months. cEEG indications were categorized as (1) index symptoms of concern and/or (2) clinical risk factors. Index symptoms were divided into (1) vital sign symptoms (i.e., heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen, respiration, or temperature) and (2) non‐vital sign symptoms (i.e., mental status, abnormal movements, eye findings, weakness, or failed extubation). Indications for cEEG were extracted by manual chart review. The presence of seizures was established electrographically from neurophysiologist reports.ResultsThere were 605 cEEGs from 411 patients. The median study was 26 h (25%–75%, interquartile range = 20–41 h). Seizures were detected in 57 of 605 (9%) cEEGs overall; in 34 of 356 (10%) cEEGs obtained for risk factors alone (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .60–1.82, p = .90), 0 of 104 (0%) for isolated vital sign changes (p < .001), 10 of 101 (10%) for symptoms not involving vital signs (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = .52–2.09, p = .88), and in 13 of 44 (30%) for both vital sign and non‐vital sign symptoms (OR = 4.93, 95% CI = 2.45–9.77, p < .001). On univariate analysis, symptoms involving gaze deviation, abnormal limb movements, or intermittent oxygen desaturation, and the risk factors of preexisting epilepsy, recent neurosurgery, acute stroke, and cardiac air embolism were associated with seizures (p < .05).SignificanceThere were zero electrographic seizures in cEEGs obtained for isolated vital sign changes, whereas cEEGs obtained for the combination of vital sign changes and other non‐vital sign symptoms were five times more likely to detect electrographic seizures than cEEGs obtained based on risk factors alone.
Investigating the Factors Behind Patients' Desire and Decision to be Accompanied: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Kılınçarslan Mehmet Göktuğ , Dönmez Büşra , Kaya Beştepe Yasemin , Kırıkcıoğlu Büşra Nur , Akbaşoğlu Merve , Karakaya Bezar , Şahin Erkan Melih 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionMedical education typically focuses on the dyadic interaction between patient and physician. However, there is another significant presence in the room that can also impact the patient's health outcomes: caregivers. This topic has been relatively underexplored until now, and there is insufficient information available regarding situations in different cultures. In this study, we aimed to separately examine the characteristics of patients that influence the frequency of being accompanied and those that affect patients' preferences regarding the presence of a companion.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in family medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital. During a period of 15 days, a total of 285 patients who visited the clinic were administered the questionnaire face‐to‐face. Two logistic regression models were used for dependent variables of “actual” and “desired” situations of admitting to healthcare service with companion.ResultsOf the participants, 167 (58.6%) were female, and the mean age was 36.8 ± 16.2 The sole significant factor, influencing actual visits to be occurred with a companion, was the solution for transportation issues (odds ratio [OR]: 26.25). It was found that unmarried individuals (single/divorced/widowed) (OR: 5.47), those with higher income (OR: 1.84), and older individuals (OR: 1.04) had a higher tendency to prefer visiting the clinic with companion while female are as opposite (OR: 0.50). Anxiety, perceived social support, and health literacy weren't associated with actual situation or desire to have companion.ConclusionPatients have companions to address tangible issues. However, different factors may influence the desire to have a companion. There is a large group of individuals who, are accompanied at clinic visits against their wishes, indicating a conflict between being accompanied and the desire for one.Patient or Public ContributionOur study was inspired by the unsolicited comments of patients made about their companions during clinical visits. Additionally, community provided valuable feedback during the pilot application phase, particularly in the development of the data form.
HIV Care Seeking Pathways and Barriers to the Continuum of Care Faced by Persons Living With HIV in Rural Nepal: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Timilsina Amit , Shrestha Anisha , Neupane Pabitra , Nepal Sudip , Kandel Bishow , Devkota Sudha , Thapa Subash 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has a major impact on a person's social and personal lives, affecting both physical and mental health. To meet the global 95‐95‐95 target, it is essential to understand and address the multi‐level challenges to improve the continuum of care for persons living with HIV (PLWH). This study delves into the care‐seeking pathways and barriers encountered by PLWH residing in rural areas of Nepal, shedding light on the complexities of accessing and navigating the continuum of care.DesignThis study was designed as a qualitative thematic study that consisted of in‐depth interviews among 21 PLWH and key‐informant interviews among four health service providers in rural districts of Koshi province in Nepal. Semi‐structured interview guidelines were used to ensure consistency in the data collection process, followed by Inductive Coding to identify and categorize the data into codes. Subsequently, sub‐themes and themes were developed, and manifest analysis was conducted to analyze the data. The findings of the study are presented in this paper in the form of excerpts.ResultsThe multilevel barriers to HIV care continuum included (i) socio‐cultural barriers such as stigma, discrimination, fear of disclosure, and heavy reliance on traditional healers; (ii) socio‐economic barriers such as poverty, limited access to health insurance, low health literacy and the exclusion of PLWH under Social Security Act; (iii) fatalistic lifestyles characterized by heavy alcohol consumption, and poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and (iv) health system‐related barriers such as mistreatment by healthcare providers, and long distances to ART centers.ConclusionsThere is a need to expand services beyond treatment, including community‐focused awareness and sensitization, programs led by community‐based organization, economic empowerment and inclusion of PLWH under social security mechanisms in rural areas for HIV continuum of care.Patient and Public ContributionDuring the study design phase, two PLWH and two service providers were consulted to discuss the research gap, understand the current practices and discuss the data collection tools and their content. Similarly, four service providers supported implementation of the study and were also consulted to interpret the underlying meaning of the data. One service provider also contributed to the manuscript development process. PLWH and the service providers were also the study participants. The findings of the study are grounded in the data/information provided during the data collection phase, thus meaningfully contributing to this study.
Development of a User‐Centred Chronic Care Model for Patients With Heart Failure in a Limited‐Resource Setting: A Codesign Study
Authors: Koontalay Apinya , Botti Mari , Hutchinson Anastasia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHealth service leaders in Thailand face substantial challenges in addressing the needs of a growing population of patients with moderate to severe Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) who require acute care management and ongoing supportive care in the community. The large number of CHF patients requiring readmission for high‐level care places a significant burden on healthcare services.MethodsThe design thinking model proposed by the Hasso‐Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University underpinned an approach to developing a co‐designed, tailored, culturally acceptable model of chronic care for people with CHF. One consumer, 16 clinicians, and two organisational leaders participated in a codesign workshop that included three activities. The purpose of each activity was to (i) define the problem, (ii) brainstorm possible solutions and (iii) develop a prototype solution. The codesign workshop was one phase of a four‐phase codesign project. Data collected included physical data such as sticky notes and storyboards and audio recordings of codesign group discussions. Data were analyses using content analysis.ResultsNine prototype storyboards aimed at enhancing continuity of care for CHF patients emerged from the workshop activities. The proposed solutions focused on improving consumer access to evidence‐based information, multidisciplinary expertise and ongoing community support. Participants discussed and evaluated the viability and feasibility of each prototype before reaching a final decision on an optimal model. The preferred model was a nurse‐led case management service supported by a multidisciplinary team.ConclusionKey stakeholders identified the importance of moving from a short‐term model of care to an integrated, multidisciplinary approach to providing long‐term support in the community. The final agreed prototype of a CHF Nurse Case Management service supported by a multidisciplinary team with a focus on community outreach addressed the key concerns of participants and was considered a feasible approach to developing a CHF chronic care service for the community in urban Bangkok, Thailand.Patient or Public ContributionThe process of codesign involved the engagement and participation of individuals with CHF, clinicians and organisational leaders throughout the research process.
A focus on females can improve science and conservation
Authors: Wu Joanna X. , Harbison Martha A. , Beilke Stephanie , Saha Purbita , Bateman Brooke L. 
Published: January 2025

As a field, ecology has historically misunderstood or overlooked female organisms, or assumed that they are ‘similar enough’ to males. The typical unit of study for ecology research stops at the species level, but that can be too coarse and can obscure important intraspecific differences. Projecting the results of studies based on only half of the population (i.e. males) onto females can be misleading, if not dangerous, as female birds differ from males in key aspects of their biology. Birds are widespread and can be sexed more often than most other taxa; yet although it uses them as model organisms, current ornithological research is disproportionately based on male birds. We review some fields pertinent to ecology and conservation and highlight biases and key research gaps. We find that, counter to ‘traditional’ assumptions, reproductive roles are balanced between sexes across many, but not all, species. In addition, female birds sing, tend to be more dispersive than males, have lower survival, often use different habitats – which has implications for conservation – and may be affected by climate change differently. We call for ornithologists to study sexes separately because the lack of attention to these differences has real‐world conservation implications. Potential solutions include training observers to recognize female traits, using more field methods that increase the detection of female birds (e.g. catching birds during the migration season, using DNA to determine sex), broadening geographical regions of study and recruiting a diverse group of scientists to help equalize the field of ornithological research.
Reinforcing chemically treated human hair with citric acid
Authors: Zhang Daijiazi , Baghdadli Nawel , Greaves Andrew J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this work was to conduct a systematic study to evaluate the performance of citric acid (CA), an example of a commonly used organic acid in hair cosmetics, on different types of chemically treated hair and to better understand how CA works.MethodsConsumer‐centric routines were used to prepare the chemically treated hair, namely high‐lift bleached, middle‐lift bleached, permanently coloured and a combination of permed and coloured hair. Hair was subsequently treated with CA and hair reinforcement was investigated by physical techniques: High Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (HPDSC), Miniature Tensile Test (MTT), Cyclic Fatigue Tensile Test (CFTT) & Micro X‐ray Diffraction (μXRD) as well as chemical analysis (elemental, amino acids).ResultsCA treatment demonstrably enhances the structural integrity of chemically treated hair. DSC revealed increased crosslinking density of keratin‐associated proteins (KAPs) in the hair cortex, evidenced by a 6.7% to 15.0% increase in denaturation temperature, varying with the specific chemical treatment. This improvement translates to enhanced mechanical properties, with tensile elastic modulus increasing by 7.5% to 23.5% and fatigue resistance (median cycles to break) improving by a remarkable 56% to 124%. Furthermore, CA treatment significantly reduced hair calcium levels by 21% to 42%. XRD analysis confirmed a reduction in the structure and quantity of crystallized calcium soaps following CA treatment. The observed performance improvements likely stem from a combination of mechanisms, including calcium chelation, the treatment's pH, and reinforcement of the non‐covalent protein network. The precise interplay of these factors appears to be influenced by the type of pre‐existing chemical treatment on the hair.ConclusionCA effectively reinforces hair damaged by various common chemical treatments. However, these findings highlight the complex relationship between hair damage, chemical treatment type, and the efficacy of reinforcement strategies. The observed dependence of CA's performance on the level of pre‐existing damage underscores the need for further research into developing targeted actives for consumers with specific and severe hair damage profiles. This opens exciting avenues for innovation in hair care tailored to individual needs.
Different Disinfection Strategies in Bacterial and Biofilm Contamination on Dental Unit Waterlines: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Chuang , Xin Weini 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review is to explore the effectiveness of different methods of reducing contamination and biofilms in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) and to provide reference for future standardisation of disinfection practices in dental clinic.MethodsThis systematic review searched PubMed and Web of Science databases for DUWL disinfection studies from 2013 to 2023, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis, additional extracting relevant data based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsThe study review identified 8442 articles, with 58 included after rigorous screening. Disinfection methods for DUWLs were categorised into 14 physical and 90 chemical methods. Peroxides, chloramine‐based, and biguanide methods were frequently used, often in combination. The effectiveness of these methods varied; for instance, phenolic was effective, while alcohol was not, in reducing bacterial and biofilm contamination. Biguanide, when used alone or combined with chlorine‐based or alcohol, showed mixed results. Chlorine‐based methods, particularly when combined with quaternary ammonium salt or enzymes, were generally effective. Enzymes and iodophor also demonstrated efficacy, though with some inconsistencies. Mechanical systems, peroxides, quaternary ammonium salts, silver, and tube coatings had varying degrees of success. Other innovative methods, such as Aloe vera and slightly acidic electrolysed water, showed promise in some studies, but the effectiveness of flushing was questioned. This comprehensive analysis highlights the diversity and complexity of disinfection strategies for DUWLs.ConclusionFuture studies should focus on how material composition and tubing design affect biofilm development and the effectiveness of disinfection methods to guide the design of advanced dental units.
The Effects of Rule‐Based and Acoustic‐Perceptual Instruction on Chinese ESL Learners’ English Primary Word Stress Placement Accuracy
Authors: Chen Hsueh Chu , Han Qianwen , Tian Jing Xuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAcquisition of English word stress by second language (L2) learners is challenging because of the unpredictability of stress patterns and affixes, and teaching English word stress is complex. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of rule‐based and acoustic‐perceptual instruction approaches on Chinese English as a second language (ESL) learners’ production and perception of English primary word stress placement. Ninety participants were involved in a pre‐test, post‐test, and delayed post‐test, including a reading‐aloud task, a primary word stress identification task, and a vowel reduction identification task. After the pre‐test, 30 of the participants received eight sessions of rule‐based instruction; another 30 received eight sessions of acoustic‐perceptual instruction; and the rest formed the control group and attended regular English classes. Results show that the overall accuracy rates of English word stress production and perception were significantly improved for both experiment groups. Both the rule‐based and acoustic‐perceptual instruction approaches were effective in teaching primary stress placement to Chinese ESL learners, with the former providing a slight advantage in improving word stress placement in production in the short term, and the latter offering greater long‐term benefits and being more effective in enhancing word stress perception.
Disinformation and Incremental Change in European Union Election Observation: A Field Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Holthaus Leonie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article addresses the puzzle of why there is at best incremental change in European Union (EU) democracy promotion and theorises an instance of such change by examining responses to (online) disinformation in EU electoral observation. It develops a field theoretical approach for the explanation of incremental change, as evident in social media monitoring, in EU election observation. Field theory furthers consideration of the position of actors, social interactions and characteristics of the particular field. On the basis of this theory, conceptualisation of a heterogenous democracy assistance and electoral observation field and an in‐depth study of EU election observation in Tunisia (2019), I argue the EU has responded to disinformation through the imitation of practices and epistemic negotiation. The responses and the incremental changes in EU election observation that evolved reflect the central but contested position of the EU in the field.