bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position estimation using neural networks in semi-monolithic PET detectors
Authors: Freire M , Barrio J , Cucarella N , Valladares C , Gonzalez-Montoro A , de Alfonso C , Benlloch J M , Gonzalez A J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. The goal of this work is to experimentally compare the 3D spatial and energy resolution of a semi-monolithic detector suitable for total-body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) scanners using different surface crystal treatments and silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) models. Approach. An array of 1 × 8 lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) slabs of 25.8 × 3.1 × 20 mm3 separated with Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) was coupled to an array of 8 × 8 SiPMs. Three different treatments for the crystal were evaluated: ESR + RR + B, with lateral faces black (B) painted and a retroreflector (RR) layer added to the top face; ESR + RR, with lateral faces covered with ESR and a RR layer on the top face and; All ESR, with lateral and top sides with ESR. Additionally, two SiPM array models from Hamamatsu Photonics belonging to the series S13361-3050AE-08 (S13) and S14161-3050AS-08 (S14) have been compared. Coincidence data was experimentally acquired using a 22Na point source, a pinhole collimator, a reference detector and moving the detector under study in 1 mm steps in the x- and DOI- directions. The spatial performance was evaluated by implementing a neural network (NN) technique for the impact position estimation in the x- (monolithic) and DOI directions. Results. Energy resolution values of 16 ± 1%, 11 ± 1%, 16 ± 1%, 15 ± 1%, and 13 ± 1% were obtained for the S1
3-ESR + B + RR, S1
3-All ESR, S14-ESR + B + RR, S14-ESR + RR, and S14-All ESR, respectively. Regarding positioning accuracy, mean average error of 1.1 ± 0.5, 1.3 ± 0.5 and 1.3 ± 0.5 were estimated for the x- direction and 1.7 ± 0.8, 2.0 ± 0.9 and 2.2 ± 1.0 for the DOI- direction, for the ESR + B + RR, ESR + RR and All ESR cases, respectively, regardless of the SiPM model. Significance. Overall, the obtained results show that the proposed semi-monolithic detectors are good candidates for building TB-PET scanners.
Absorption efficiency of the second harmonic ECRH waves and comparative plasma transport simulation in the TJ-II stellarator and T-10 tokamak
Authors: Dnestrovskij Yu N , Melnikov A V , Lopez-Bruna D , Dnestrovskij A Yu , Cherkasov S V , Danilov A V , Eliseev L G , Khabanov P O , Lysenko S E , Sychugov D Yu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The concept of equivalent tokamak and stellarator discharges with the same electron and ion temperatures and with full absorption of the injected ECRH power was introduced in Dnestrovskij et al (2021 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
63 055012). In the present paper, the concept of the discharges equivalence is extended to the case of partial ECRH power absorption. The conditions of discharges equivalence for this case are formulated. It is shown that in equivalent discharges not only the electron temperatures, but also the absorbed powers are the same. Examples of equivalent experimental discharges of the TJ-II stellarator and simulated discharges of the T-10 tokamak with partial ECRH power absorption are studied. The absorbed ECRH power and energy confinement time are found for TJ-II low-density shots heated with ECRH only.
Expected radiation environment and damage for YBCO tapes in compact fusion reactors
Authors: Torsello D , Gambino D , Gozzelino L , Trotta A , Laviano F 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We investigate the neutron damage expected in high-temperature superconducting tapes that will be employed in compact fusion reactors. Monte Carlo simulations yield the expected neutron spectrum and fluence at the magnet position, from which the primary knock-on atom energy distributions can be computed for each atomic species comprising the superconductor. This information is then employed to characterize the displacement cascades, in terms of size and morphology, through molecular dynamics simulations. The expected radiation environment is then compared with the neutron spectrum and fluences achievable at the facilities currently available for experimental investigation in order to highlight similarities and differences that could be relevant to the understanding of the radiation hardness of these materials in real fusion conditions. We find that the different neutron spectra result in different damage regimes, the irradiation temperature influences the number of generated defects, and the interaction of the neutrons with the superconductor results in a local increase in temperature. These observations suggest that further experimental investigations are needed in different regimes and that some neutron shielding will be necessary in compact fusion reactors.
Interconversion of exceptional points between different orders in non-Hermitian systems
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Xiao Yi-Xin , Zhang Zhao-Qing , Chan C T , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Singularities of non-Hermitian systems typified by exceptional points (EPs) are critical for understanding non-Hermitian topological phases and trigger many intriguing phenomena. However, it remains unexplored what happens when EPs meet one another. Here, in a typical four-level model with both touching and crossing intersections of EP hypersurfaces, we report the interconversion mechanisms between EPs of different orders. By examining both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we show analytically that all EPs of higher orders are formed at the touching intersections of two different types of EP hypersurfaces of lower orders. Contrarily, the crossing intersection of EP structures lowers the order of EPs. The mechanisms of the increase and decrease in defectiveness discovered here are expected to hold for EPs of any order in various non-Hermitian systems, providing a comprehensive understanding of EPs and inspiration toward advanced applications such as biosensing and information processing.
Spherically symmetric wormholes in minimally coupled f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Yousaf Z , Bhatti M Z , Rasheed M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this manuscript, we construct a spherical thin shell wormhole in the background of the minimally coupled f(R, T) model. In this gravitational theory, f is an arbitrary functional form that depends on the Ricci scalar (R) as well as the trace of stress-energy tensor (T). To continue our systematic analysis, we use a cut and paste approach to link two surfaces, i.e., interior and exterior. We find energy-momentum density along with surface pressure for f(R, T) gravitational f(R, T) = R + α
R
2 + λ
T model, by using the Lanczos equation. We utilize the polytropic equation of state to check the dynamical behavior of the wormhole. A standard potential approach is applied to check the stability of constructed wormhole with throat radius a
0. Graphical analysis shows that the stability regions of wormholes rely on the specific values mass M to charge Q ratio.
Gaussian processes reconstruction of the dark energy potential
Authors: Jesus J.F. , Valentim R. , Escobal A.A. , Pereira S.H. , Benndorf D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Scalar Fields (SF) have emerged as natural candidates for dark energy as quintessential or phantom fields, as they are the main ingredient of inflation theories. Instead of assuming some form for the scalar field potential, however, this work reconstructs the SF potential directly from observational data, namely, Hubble and SNe Ia data. We show that two popular forms for the SF potentials, namely, the power-law and the quadratic free-field, are compatible with the reconstructions thus obtained, at least for some choices of the priors of the matter density and curvature parameters and for some redshift intervals.
Searching for Pulsars with Phase Characteristics
Authors: Peng Bo , Hu Qian-Chen , Li Qiang , Qian Lei , Dong Xiao-Bo , Peng Shi-Lin , Wang Ze-Lin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a method by using the phase characteristics of radio observation data for pulsar search and candidate identification. The phase characteristics are relations between the pulsar signal and the phase correction in the frequency-domain, and we regard it as a new search diagnostic characteristic. Based on the phase characteristics, a search method is presented: calculating dispersion measure (DM)—frequency data to select candidate frequencies, and then confirming of candidates by using the broadband characteristics of pulsar signals. Based on this method, we performed a search test on short observation data of M15 and M71, which were observed by Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope, and some of the Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot survey data. Results show that it can get similar search results to PRESTO (PulsaR Exploration and Search TOolkit) while having a faster processing speed.
Ag-catalyzed GaSb nanowires for flexible near-infrared photodetectors
Authors: Sa Zixu , Liu Fengjing , Liu Dong , Wang Mingxu , Zhang Jie , Yin Yanxue , Pang Zhiyong , Zhuang Xinming , Wang Peng , Yang Zaixing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High-quality narrow bandgap semiconductors nanowires (NWs) challenge the flexible near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors in next-generation imaging, data communication, environmental monitoring, and bioimaging applications. In this work, complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible metal of Ag is deposited on glass as the growth catalyst for the surfactant-assisted chemical vapor deposition of GaSb NWs. The uniform morphology, balance stoichiometry, high-quality crystallinity, and phase purity of as-prepared NWs are checked by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The electrical properties of as-prepared NWs are studied by constructing back-gated field-effect-transistors, displaying a high I
on/I
off ratio of 104 and high peak hole mobility of 400 cm2/(V·s). Benefiting from the excellent electrical and mechanical flexibility properties, the as-fabricated NW flexible NIR photodetector exhibits high sensitivity and excellent photoresponse, with responsivity as high as 618 A/W and detectivity as high as 6.7 × 1010 Jones. Furthermore, there is no obvious decline in NIR photodetection behavior, even after parallel and perpendicular folding with 1200 cycles.
Determination of sensitivity coefficients and their uncertainties in Rockwell hardness measurement: a Monte Carlo method for multiple linear regression
Authors: Rizza Pierluigi , Murgia Marcello , Prato Andrea , Origlia Claudio , Germak Alessandro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the last few decades, many researchers have been studying how hardness measurements can be affected by possible influence variables (i.e. velocity of the indenter, dwell times, temperature, etc). This interest is particularly motivated by the newly adopted international definitions for the realization of Rockwell superficial hardness scales (HR45N, HR30N and HR15N) provided by the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities of Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, which deal with all the above-mentioned parameters. In this paper, the effect of two such parameters, namely the velocity of the final load application and the time interval of the force variation from the preliminary force value to the total force value, on superficial Rockwell hardness scales at different levels is studied and the related sensitivity coefficients are determined. The coefficients obtained are in the order of 10−3 HR s μm−1 and 10−2 HR s−1, respectively, in agreement with other National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), i.e. NIST and NPL. However, the uncertainties associated by the other NMIs are usually underestimated since they are simply given as the standard deviation calculated from the ordinary least squares method for the multiple linear regression, or, in other cases, not reported. For this reason, we propose a methodology for calculating the uncertainties of the sensitivity coefficients via a Monte Carlo method applied to multiple linear regression in order to consider the variability of both input and output quantities: with this method, the squared uncertainties are given as the squared sum of the standard deviation calculated from the ordinary least squares method and the uncertainty contribution due to the repeatability obtained via the proposed Monte Carlo method. The proposed method yields uncertainties of about 10−2 HR, while the uncertainties reported in other related published papers are in the order of 10−3 HR.
Experimental evaluation of avalanche type of electron heat transport in magnetic confinement plasmas
Authors: Kin F. , Itoh K. , Bando T. , Shinohara K. , Oyama N. , Yoshida M. , Kamiya K. , Sumida S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Turbulent transport is undoubtedly important in magnetic confinement plasmas. It has been reported that a lot of transport dynamics are not satisfying the local diffusive models. Here, we report the quantitative measurement of electron heat flux associated with ballistic propagating long-range transport events, which is considered to be a component of avalanches. In addition, we show the first observations of the substantial impact of avalanche-driven transport on profile resilience (or profile stiffness) observed in JT-60U. We found that, in the channel of the electron heat flux, the ratio between the increment of the avalanche-driven component to that of the total plasma heating becomes dominant (∼80%) in the case of the high-heating limit. This suggests a possible role for avalanche-driven transport to induce profile resilience, which has been evidenced by flux-driven simulations.
Define indicators for health protocol assessment at Prambanan Temple Tourism Park Yogyakarta
Authors: Purwaningsih Ratna , Leony Linda Anggita , Ekawati  , Arvianto Ary , Oryzanti Parwa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHealth protocols to control the Covid-19 outbreak must be applied in tourist attractions to maintain the health and safety of visitors. Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia also develop the CHSE (Clean, Health, Safety, Environment) standard. This study aims to develop indicators for the assessment of the health protocol. Literature study of various regulations issued done to identify indicators and then validated by experts. The selection of indicators is carried out by a cut-off point method and tested by implementing the assessment of CHSE to Prambanan Temple park. The Health Protocol Assessment Indicators for tourist attractions consist of 9 criteria, 38 sub-criteria, and 136 Indicators. The focus of the indicator is on the availability of various facilities for visitors consisting of hygiene, health, convenience, magnificence facilities, and other facilities that support tourism sustainability.
New risk assessment and prioritization failure modes based approach in a gas turbine system
Authors: Chakhrit A , Bougofa M , Guetarni I H M , Nehal N , Bouafia A , Ghazli F Z , Kharzi R , Chennoufi M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The dependability occupies a strong place in the performance achievement of the system. It describes the mechanisms that lead to failures of systems. Failure mode and effects, analysis (FMEA) is a classical safety technique widely used in several safety critical industries. This method uses the risk priority number (RPN) to assess the criticality value and prioritize failure modes. However, it suffers from some drawbacks regarding the situation where the in-formation provided is ambiguous or uncertain. Thus, in this work, a fuzzy criticality assessment based approach is carried out to evaluate the failure modes of the relevant system and gives an alternate prioritizing to that obtained by the conventional method. In addition, a novel hybrid approach is proposed that combines the grey relational approach (GRA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. This approach offers a new ranking of failure modes by solving the shortcoming concerning the lack of established rules of inference system which necessitate a lot of experience and shows the weightage or importance to the three parameters severity, detection, and frequency, which are considered to have equal importance in the traditional method. A real case study from a gas turbine system provides encouraging results regarding the risk evaluation and prioritizing failures mode with handling different forms of ambiguity, uncertainty, and divergent judgments of experts.
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Derived from Green Mussel Shells Extracted from Magnesium Chloride Containing Solution
Authors: Irfa’i M.A. , Prihanto A. , Muryanto S. , Jamari J. , Ismail R. , Bayuseno A.P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Green mussel shells are one of the calcium carbonate-rich biogenic sources. They contain 95.7 to 98.2 wt. % calcium. The high calcium content of green mussel shells was extracted and converted into calcium oxide material in the study by calcination at 900°C for 5 h. Later, at stirring times of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, a solution medium containing magnesium chloride was used to dissolve the resulting calcination powder and subsequent carbonation for producing PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate). According to XRD, Rietveld, and FTIR analyses, the resulting PCC product with calcite-containing Mg was obtained primarily for a short stirring time of 30 minutes during the carbonation process, whereas calcite and aragonite were generated at longer stirring times (from 60 to 90 minutes). Instead, brucite was obtained after 120 minutes of stirring. The PCC product has a non-uniform polyhedrallic morphology of various small and large sizes as observed by SEM. This powder processing method allowed for faster PCC synthesis at a lower cost while requiring no chemical addition to increase basicity.
Medical waste management improvement in several private hospitals in Amanat Al-Asimah –Yemen
Authors: Zaid Adeeb Hayel , Sumiyati Sri , Huboyo Haryono Setiyo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Handling medical waste presents several environmental challenges in most Yemeni hospitals that need immediate attention before they get out of control. This study aims to assess current practices of medical waste management in some of the major private hospitals in Amanat AlAsimah-Yemen. This study relied on several methods of data collection, visits, observation, and interviews with health cadres, cleaners, and workers in the municipality, with the use of a checklist that contains several questions and then follow-up. The results of the study, which were conducted in the four largest private hospitals in Amanat Al-Asimah, which are the Science and Technology Hospital, Azal Hospital, European Modern Hospital, Dr. Abdul Qader Al Mutawakil Hospital showed that there were no independent and specialized administrative units within the hospitals studied how to manage, follow up on the collection, transport, and disposal of medical waste and the lack of laws and regulations on medical waste management and how to deal with them. Moreover, liquid medical waste is discharged through a sewage network that is treated only from organic matter regardless of harmful chemicals that in turn affect humans, the environment, and agriculture.
Analyzing the environmental sustainability of rural water management in community self-help group (CSHG) – a case study of Gunungpati district
Authors: Susilowati N , Mahmud A , Latifah L , Susanti A , Sari P N 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Economic developments and the increasing population have recently led to a rapid increase in the consumption of clean water. The objectives of this study are to analyze the management of available water and develop a model to support the distribution of rural water services. It was a qualitative study with informants from the manager and users of the Community Self-Help Group (CSHG) in Gunungpati District, Semarang. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations, and then processed using the Huberman data analysis technique. Physically, the water supply managed by CSHG was sufficient to fulfill the community needs. Every morning in a month produces more than 1,000 cubic meters of water to distribute to 150 households. Management could meet the water daily needs of the community in the dry and rainy seasons. They also perform intensive maintenance on water pumping machines and checking water capacity to be distributed to the public. The sustainability of the water supply in the CSHG depends on the participation of the community in protecting the environment. Community participation was elaborated from the sociological perspective that the basic elements of social life consisting of structure, culture, and processes in the realm of environmental communities.
Noise Intensity Analysis and Mitigation of Workers Health in home industry Steamed bun Arum Jaya Nusukan
Authors: Rachmawati Siti , Indriyanti Sisca , Apriyanto Muhammad Kukuh , Hanun Zahra , Pramitasari Thalita Aldila , Firmansyah Fathoni , Suryadi Iwan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Home Industry has a positive impact on absorbing labor, but is still lacking in supervision. Bakpao Arum Jaya’s home industry is a small-scale industry that uses noise-producing equipment. The purpose of this study is to determine the description of noise intensity when the machine is working during the production process. This research uses the quantitative descriptive method. The data used are primary data from field measurements and secondary data. The measurement points were carried out in the grinding room and steam area. The results showed that the Leq of the milling room was 89.36 dB(A) which exceeded the TLV and the Leq of the steam area was 77.34 dB(A) which did not exceed the TLV. Playing music through speakers can also increase the noise in the work area. In the steam area, if measurements are taken on three steam equipment that is turned on simultaneously, the noise value will be greater than the measurement results and may exceed the allowable TLV. Exposure to noise every day will have an impact on health problems for workers. Forms of mitigation that can be done are administrative mitigation, worker health checks, use of protective equipment, and reducing noise from the source.
Study of Aquifer Distribution Based on Rock Resistivity Data in Warureja Village and Surroundings, Warureja District, Tegal, Central Java
Authors: Santi N , Barala I , Putranto T T 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The need for clean water in the dry season is often higher because many people would experience drought. The drought occurred in a Central Java area, Tegal, precisely at Warureja Village and its surroundings. The purposes are to determine the aquifer distribution and to provide recommendations for well drilling points. The study used the geo-electricity method of the Schlumberger configuration and field surface observation. Moreover, it used rock resistivity analysis to see how the subsurface conditions are. The relief in this area is wavy with denudational landforms, and the lithology is the alluvium unit, which was resulting from sedimentary deposits. The groundwater flows from south to north, following the morphology. The subsurface conditions consisted of two layers, the clay as the aquiclude and the sand as the aquifer. There are three recommended well drilling points. They are P-1 in Banjar Agung Village with a confined aquifer at a depth of 60 m, P-2 in Warureja Village at a depth of 20 m, and P-3 in Kreman Village with a depth of 18 m. In conclusion, all reserve points, static and dynamic, are sufficient.