bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative approach for first‐trimester fetal organ volume measurements using a Virtual Reality system: The Generation R Next Study
Authors: Wiertsema Clarissa J. , Sol Chalana M. , Mulders Annemarie G. M. G. J. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Duijts Liesbeth , Gaillard Romy , Koning Anton H. J. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the reproducibility of first‐trimester fetal organ volume measurements using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and a Virtual Reality system.MethodsWithin a population‐based prospective cohort study, 3D ultrasound datasets of 25 first‐trimester fetuses were collected by three sonographers. We used the V‐scope application to perform Virtual Reality volume assessments of the fetal heart, lungs, and kidneys. All measurements were performed by two independent researchers.ResultsIntraobserver analyses for volume measurements of the fetal heart, lungs, and kidneys showed intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.86, mean differences ≤8.3%, and coefficients of variation ≤22.8%. Interobserver analyses showed sufficient agreement for right lung volume measurements, but consistent measurement differences between observers for left lung, heart, and kidney volume measurements (p‐values <0.05).ConclusionWe observed sufficient intraobserver reproducibility, but overall suboptimal interobserver reproducibility for first‐trimester fetal heart, lung, and kidney volume measurements using an innovative Virtual Reality approach. In the current stage, these measurements might be promising for the use in research settings. The reproducibility of the measurements might be further improved by novel post‐processing algorithms.
Critical assessment of the current indicator for antenatal iron‐containing supplementation coverage: Insights from a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Owais Aatekah , Wuehler Sara , Heidkamp Rebecca , Mehra Vrinda , Neufeld Lynnette M. , Rogers Lisa M. , Saha Kuntal Kumar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDaily consumption of iron‐containing supplements is recommended for all pregnant women but there is no approved global standard indicator for assessing supplementation coverage. Furthermore, the validity of commonly used coverage indicators for iron‐containing supplement consumption is questionable. The WHO–UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory Group on Nutrition Monitoring, and partners, have systematically worked to identify a feasible and valid indicator of iron‐containing supplement coverage for reporting by countries. In 2019, we conducted key informant interviews with respondents in eight countries, fielded an online survey (in three languages using SurveyMonkey) to which 142 nutrition professionals from 52 countries responded, and used Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from four countries to assess determinants of the quality of iron‐containing supplement coverage data. Less than half (45%) of online survey respondents were satisfied with the current methods for collecting iron‐containing supplement coverage data in their context. Recommended changes by study respondents include recall period <5 years, adding questions about counselling, including other beneficiary groups, and assessing supply chain functionality. The DHS analysis suggested an association between time since pregnancy and data quality. Data heaping on multiples of 30 was observed in 40%–75% of data. There is a clear demand for a revised indicator and measurement guidance for coverage of iron‐containing supplementation during pregnancy. Future research should continue the development and validation of a global indicator, to more precisely validate the quality of recall data, including the distinction between distribution and consumption using various question formulations.
Evaluating restoration trajectories using DNA metabarcoding of ground‐dwelling and airborne invertebrates and associated plant communities
Authors: van der Heyde Mieke , Bunce Michael , Dixon Kingsley W. , Fernandes Kristen , Majer Jonathan , Wardell‐Johnson Grant , White Nicole E. , Nevill Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvertebrates are important for restoration processes as they are key drivers of many landscape‐scale ecosystem functions; including pollination, nutrient cycling and soil formation. However, invertebrates are often overlooked in restoration monitoring because they are highly diverse, poorly described, and time‐consuming to survey, and require increasingly scarce taxonomic expertise to enable identification. DNA metabarcoding is a relatively new tool for rapid survey that is able to address some of these concerns, and provide information about the taxa with which invertebrates are interacting via food webs and habitat. Here, we evaluate how invertebrate communities may be used to determine ecosystem trajectories during restoration. We collected ground‐dwelling and airborne invertebrates across chronosequences of mine‐site restoration in three ecologically disparate locations in Western Australia and identified invertebrate and plant communities using DNA metabarcoding. Ground‐dwelling invertebrates showed the clearest restoration signals, with communities becoming more similar to reference communities over time. These patterns were weaker in airborne invertebrates, which have higher dispersal abilities and therefore less local fidelity to environmental conditions. Although we detected directional changes in community composition indicative of invertebrate recovery, patterns observed were inconsistent between study locations. The inclusion of plant assays allowed identification of plant species, as well as potential food sources and habitat. We demonstrate that DNA metabarcoding of invertebrate communities can be used to evaluate restoration trajectories. Testing and incorporating new monitoring techniques such as DNA metabarcoding is critical to improving restoration outcomes.
Adaptive significance of flowering time variation across natural seasonal environments in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fournier‐Level Alexandre , Taylor Mark A. , Paril Jefferson F. , Martínez‐Berdeja Alejandra , Stitzer Michelle C. , Cooper Martha D. , Roe Judith L. , Wilczek Amity M. , Schmitt Johanna 
Published: January 2022

Summary

The relevance of flowering time variation and plasticity to climate adaptation requires a comprehensive empirical assessment. We investigated natural selection and the genetic architecture of flowering time in Arabidopsis through field experiments in Europe across multiple sites and seasons.

We estimated selection for flowering time, plasticity and canalization. Loci associated with flowering time, plasticity and canalization by genome‐wide association studies were tested for a geographic signature of climate adaptation.

Selection favored early flowering and increased canalization, except at the northernmost site, but was rarely detected for plasticity. Genome‐wide association studies revealed significant associations with flowering traits and supported a substantial polygenic inheritance. Alleles associated with late flowering, including functional FRIGIDA variants, were more common in regions experiencing high annual temperature variation. Flowering time plasticity to fall vs spring and summer environments was associated with GIGANTEA SUPPRESSOR 5, which promotes early flowering under decreasing day length and temperature.

The finding that late flowering genotypes and alleles are associated with climate is evidence for past adaptation. Real‐time phenotypic selection analysis, however, reveals pervasive contemporary selection for rapid flowering in agricultural settings across most of the species range. The response to this selection may involve genetic shifts in environmental cuing compared to the ancestral state.
Functional and comparative genomics reveals conserved noncoding sequences in the nitrogen‐fixing clade
Authors: Pereira Wendell J. , Knaack Sara , Chakraborty Sanhita , Conde Daniel , Folk Ryan A. , Triozzi Paolo M. , Balmant Kelly M. , Dervinis Christopher , Schmidt Henry W. , Ané Jean‐Michel , Roy Sushmita , Kirst Matias 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Nitrogen is one of the most inaccessible plant nutrients, but certain species have overcome this limitation by establishing symbiotic interactions with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria in the root nodule. This root–nodule symbiosis (RNS) is restricted to species within a single clade of angiosperms, suggesting a critical, but undetermined, evolutionary event at the base of this clade.

To identify putative regulatory sequences implicated in the evolution of RNS, we evaluated the genomes of 25 species capable of nodulation and identified 3091 conserved noncoding sequences (CNS) in the nitrogen‐fixing clade (NFC).

We show that the chromatin accessibility of 452 CNS correlates significantly with the regulation of genes responding to lipochitooligosaccharides in Medicago truncatula. These included 38 CNS in proximity to 19 known genes involved in RNS. Five such regions are upstream of MtCRE1, Cytokinin Response Element 1, required to activate a suite of downstream transcription factors necessary for nodulation in M. truncatula. Genetic complementation of an Mtcre1 mutant showed a significant decrease of nodulation in the absence of the five CNS, when they are driving the expression of a functional copy of MtCRE1.

CNS identified in the NFC may harbor elements required for the regulation of genes controlling RNS in M. truncatula.
Deconstructing the root system of grasses through an exploration of development, anatomy and function
Authors: G. Viana Willian , Scharwies Johannes D. , Dinneny José R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWell‐adapted root systems allow plants to grow under resource‐limiting environmental conditions and are important determinants of yield in agricultural systems. Important staple crops such as rice and maize belong to the family of grasses, which develop a complex root system that consists of an embryonic root system that emerges from the seed, and a postembryonic nodal root system that emerges from basal regions of the shoot after germination. While early seedling establishment is dependent on the embryonic root system, the nodal root system, and its associated branches, gains in importance as the plant matures and will ultimately constitute the bulk of below‐ground growth. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the different root types that develop in cereal grass root systems, explore the different physiological roles they play by defining their anatomical features, and outline the genetic networks that control their development. Through this deconstructed view of grass root system function, we provide a parts‐list of elements that function together in an integrated root system to promote survival and crop productivity.
HSCT with mismatched unrelated donors: Bone marrow versus peripheral blood stem cells sources in pediatric patients
Authors: Berger Massimo , Barone Marta , Spadea Manuela , Saglio Francesco , Pessolano Rosanna , Fagioli Franca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an unrelated HLA‐mismatched donor (MMUD) is one of the alternatives where an HLA‐matched donor is not found. The aim of this study was to compare bone marrow (BM) versus peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) as hematopoietic rescue following allogeneic unrelated mismatched stem cell transplantation (MMUD).MethodsThe patients were divided into two groups: 43 pediatric patients were treated with BM and 17 pediatric patients with PBSC. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04598789.ResultsThe 3‐year Overall Survival (OS) was 74% versus 31% (p = .0011). Transplant related mortality (TRM) was 16% versus 33% (p = .025), and relapse incidence (RI) was 16% versus 35% (p = .005). The day‐100 acute Graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) incidence grade II–IV and III–IV was 30% versus 28% (p = NS) and 17% versus 17% (p = NS). The 3‐year chronic GvHD incidence was 22% versus 33% (p = NS).ConclusionDespite all the limits of this retrospective study we were able to show how the combination of BM and ATG is able to prevent GvHDs and guarantee a high OS. Future studies addressing the issue of a post‐transplant cellular therapy approach may potentially reduce relapses when GvHD is absent.
Parasites—The importance of time
Authors: Else Kathryn J. , Gibbs Julie E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe special edition of Parasite Immunology ‘Parasites—The importance of time’ embraces the intersection between three established research disciplines—parasitology, immunology, and circadian biology. Each of these research areas has a longstanding history littered with landmark discoveries with the intersect between the three bringing exciting findings and new questions and perhaps even a greater sense of awe in terms of how parasites have evolved to interact and live with their hosts.
Phenotypic plasticity and exotic plant invasions: Effects of soil nutrients, species nutrient requirements, and types of traits
Authors: Wang Shuo , Chen Ji‐Xin , Liu Ming‐Chao , Arnold Pieter A. , Wang Wei‐Bin , Feng Yu‐Long 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHigh‐phenotypic plasticity has long been considered as a characteristic promoting exotic plant invasions. However, the results of the studies testing this hypothesis are still inconsistent. Overlooking the effects of species resource requirements and environmental resource availability may be the main reasons for the ambiguous conclusions. Here, we compared phenotypic plasticity between five noxious invasive species with different nutrient requirements (evaluated using the soil nutrient status of their natural distribution ranges) and their phylogenetically related natives under five nutrient levels. We found that species with high‐nutrient requirements showed greater plasticity of total biomass than species with low‐nutrient requirements, regardless of their status (invasive or native). Invasives with high‐nutrient requirements had greater growth plasticity than their related natives, which may contribute to their invasiveness under high‐nutrient environments. However, compared with the related natives, a higher growth plasticity may not help exotic species with low‐nutrient requirements to invade nutrient‐rich habitats, and exotic species with high‐nutrient requirements to invade nutrient‐limited habitats. In contrast, invasives with low‐nutrient requirements exhibited lower growth plasticity than their related natives, contributing to their invasiveness under nutrient‐limited habitats. Functional traits showed growth‐related plasticity in only 10 cases (3.8%), and there was no functional trait whose plastic response to soil nutrients was beneficial to exotic plant invasions. Our study indicates that low‐growth plasticity could also promote exotic plant invasions, high plasticity may not necessarily lead to invasiveness. We must test the adaptive significance of plasticity of functional traits when studying its biological roles.
Defining and Measuring Coproduction: Deriving Lessons from Practicing Local Government Managers
Authors: Brudney Jeffrey (Jeff) L. , Cheng Yuan (Daniel) , Meijs Lucas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFollowing a lapse in scholarly attention, coproduction, the joint production of services by government officials and citizens, has re‐emerged as an important topic. However, the field lacks information on broad parameters of coproduction implementation and how public managers view coproduction. To address the lacuna, this study examines patterns of implementation of coproduction in a national sample of municipalities and counties in the U.S. According to their chief administrators, nearly half these governments have implemented one or more stages of coproduction, although co‐delivery of services occurs least often. Empirical analysis suggests that the implementation of coproduction, as perceived by local government managers, can be measured along a unidimensional scale and that this measurement scale is robust across different subgroups. We also find that local governments that have a larger population, provide more services, have more professional forms of administration, and are located in the western U.S. more often implement elements of coproduction.
Cognitive consequences of iodine deficiency in adolescence: evidence from salt iodization in Denmark*
Authors: Serena Benjamin Ly 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the past three decades, many countries have introduced iodized salt policies to eradicate iodine deficiency. Iodine deficiency in utero is detrimental to cognitive ability, but little is known about the consequences of iodine deficiencies after birth. This paper examines the impact of iodine deficiency in adolescence on school performance. I exploit the introduction of iodized salt in Denmark during 1998–2001 as a natural experiment. Combining administrative records on high school grades over a 30‐year period with geographic variation in initial iodine deficiency, I find that salt iodization increases the grade point average of students by 6–9 percent of a standard deviation.
Effects of short sprint interval training on aerobic and anaerobic indices: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Boullosa Daniel , Dragutinovic Boris , Feuerbacher Joshua F. , Benítez‐Flores Stefano , Coyle Edward F. , Schumann Moritz 
Published: January 2022

The effects of short sprint interval training (sSIT) with efforts of ≤10 s on maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), aerobic and anaerobic performances remain unknown. To verify the effectiveness of sSIT in physically active adults and athletes, a systematic literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). The databases PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched on May 9, 2020, and updated on September 14, 2021. Inclusion criteria were based on PICO and included healthy athletes and active adults of any sex (≤40 years), performing supervised sSIT (≤10 s of “all‐out” and non‐“all‐out” efforts) of at least 2 weeks, with a minimum of 6 sessions. As a comparator, a non‐sSIT control group, another high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) group, or a continuous training (CT) group were required. A total of 18 studies were deemed eligible. The estimated SMDs based on the random‐effects model were −0.56 (95% CI: −0.79, −0.33, p < 0.001) for V̇O2max, −0.43 (95% CI: −0.67, −0.20, p < 0.001) for aerobic performance, and −0.44 (95% CI: −0.70, −0.18, p < 0.001) for anaerobic performance after sSIT vs. no exercise/usual training. However, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) for all outcomes when comparing sSIT vs. HIIT/CT. Our findings indicate a very high effectiveness of sSIT protocols in different exercise modes (e.g., cycling, running, paddling, and punching) to improve V̇O2max, aerobic, and anaerobic performances in physically active young healthy adults and athletes.
Resistance training variable manipulations are less relevant than intrinsic biology in affecting muscle fiber hypertrophy
Authors: Angleri Vitor , Damas Felipe , Phillips Stuart M. , Selistre‐de‐Araujo Heloisa Sobreiro , Cornachione Anabelle Silva , Stotzer Uliana Sbeguen , Santanielo Natalia , Soligon Samuel Domingos , Costa Luiz Augusto Riani , Lixandrão Manoel Emílio , Conceição Miguel Soares , Vechin Felipe Cassaro , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Libardi Cleiton Augusto 
Published: January 2022

We aimed to investigate whether muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (fCSA) and associated molecular processes could be differently affected at the group and individual level by manipulating resistance training (RT) variables. Twenty resistance‐trained subjects had each leg randomly allocated to either a standard RT (RT‐CON: without specific variables manipulations) or a variable RT (RT‐VAR: manipulation of load, volume, muscle action, and rest interval at each RT session). Muscle fCSA, satellite cell (SC) pool, myonuclei content, and gene expression were assessed before and after training (chronic effect). Gene expression was assessed 24 h after the last training session (acute effect). RT‐CON and RT‐VAR increased fCSA and myonuclei domain in type I and II fibers after training (p < 0.05). SC and myonuclei content did not change for both conditions (p > 0.05). Pax‐7, MyoD, MMP‐2 and COL3A1 (chronic) and MGF, Pax‐7, and MMP‐9 (acute) increased similar for RT‐CON and RT‐VAR (p < 0.05). The increase in acute MyoG expression was significantly higher for the RT‐VAR than RT‐CON (p < 0.05). We found significant correlation between RT‐CON and RT‐VAR for the fCSA changes (r = 0.89). fCSA changes were also correlated to satellite cells (r = 0.42) and myonuclei (r = 0.50) changes. Heatmap analyses showed coupled changes in fCSA, SC, and myonuclei responses at the individual level, regardless of the RT protocol. The high between and low within‐subject variability regardless of RT protocol suggests that the intrinsic biological factors seem to be more important to explain the magnitude of fCSA gains in resistance‐trained subjects.
Effects of fertilizer type on nitrous oxide emission and ammonia volatilization in wheat and maize crops
Authors: Vangeli Sebastián , Posse Gabriela , Beget María Eugenia , Otero Estrada Edit , Valdettaro Rocío Antonella , Oricchio Patricio , Kandus Mariana , Di Bella Carlos Marcelo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAbout half of the applied nitrogen (N) is not consumed by crops, causing environmental and economic costs. This N can be lost as ammonia (NH3) volatilization, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission or leaching, among others. This work aimed to compare the amount of gaseous N losses using three different fertilizers on two consecutive experiments: one summer crop (maize) and one winter crop (wheat) in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina. The fertilizers used were urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and AN+DMPP (ammonium nitrate‐based NPK fertilizer with DMPP nitrification inhibitor). NH3 emissions were estimated using a semi open‐static absorption system during the first month after fertilization for each experiment. N2O emissions were estimated using vented static chambers during the growing season of each crop. Results show that CAN or AN+DMPP fertilizers used instead of UAN helped to reduce NH3 volatilization by 45–50% and 62–63% on maize and wheat experiments respectively, but failed to reduce N2O emissions. In addition, contrary to the expected, AN+DMPP increased N2O emissions during the maize experiment. The majority of the gaseous N losses occurred at specific moments of the crop cycle (after N fertilization and around leaf senescence). Losses as NH3 volatilization were higher than N2O emissions in the maize experiment, as expected because of the warmer temperature during this summer crop. However, N2O emissions were higher during the wheat crop, emphasizing the importance of factors such as meteorological conditions, previous land‐use, residual soil nitrate and stubble quality on the soil.