bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shading and Leaf-tying on Summer Chinese Cabbage
Authors: Sajjapongse A. , Roan Y. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Leaf-tying significantly increased the yield of ‘Bing Luh’ and ‘Wen Wu’ Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis Rupr.) but had no effect on the heat-tolerant ‘AVRDC Hybrid 62’. Yield increases were due to higher heading rate (number of plants with heads) and the development of heavier heads. The use of polyethylene net cover had a negative effect on yield of ‘Wen Wu’.
An Enzymatic Assay for Sorbitol in Apple Organs
Authors: Brown Christopher S. , Young Eric , Pharr David M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An enzymatic assay for sorbitol in organs of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is described. Sorbitol concentrations in ethanolic extracts of apple leaves, stems, roots, and fruit can be measured by detecting optical density changes at 340 nm resulting from the reduction of NAD + coupled with the conversion of sorbitol to D-fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase. The assay is unaffected by normal concentrations of fructose, glucose, or sucrose in the tissue. Sorbitol concentrations determined by the enzymatic assay were verified by HPLC analysis of the same tissue samples.
Transport of [14C]-Photosynthate into Young Peach Fruits in Response to CGA-15281, an Ethylene-releasing Compound
Authors: Krewer G. W. , Daniell J. W. , Coston D. C. , Couvillon G. A. , Kays S. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Application of 960 ppm (2-chIoroethyl)methylbis(phenylmethoxy)silane (CGA-15281) substantially inhibited carbon transport into young fruit of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] 4 to 5 days before visual symptoms of senescence occurred. Carbon transport was unaffected 4.25 hours after treatment, but was greatly reduced after 24 hours. Reduced carbon transport continued through 144 hours following CGA-15281 application.
Thornless Blackberry is a Climacteric Fruit
Authors: Walsh Christopher S. , Popenoe Juanita , Solomos Theophanes 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ethylene evolution rate and percentage of soluble solids of thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.) increased with maturity and ripening, while titratable acidity decreased. Following harvest of “purple” fruits, their respiration and ethylene evolution rates increased during 7 days at 25°C. Ethylene evolution rates and differences in shelf-life among cultivars were inversely related. We conclude that thornless blackberry is a climacteric fruit.
Citrus Blight and Wood pH in Cuba and Florida
Authors: Wutscher H. K. , Del Valle N. , de Bernard A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.), mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), and ‘Persian’ lime (C. aurantifolia hybrid?) trees in 6 locations in Cuba were tested for blight with water injections into the trunk and analysis of the outer trunk wood for Zn, water-soluble phenolics, K, Mg, Na, and Cl. Trees with visual symptoms of blight absorbed < 60 ml water in 24 hours; their Zn, water-soluble phenolics, K, Mg, and Cl levels in the wood were higher than those of healthy trees, as in blighted trees in Florida. Trees on rough and Volkamer lemon (C. limon L. Burm. f.), Cuban Shaddock (C. limon hyb.?), Rangpur lime (C. reticulata hyb.?), and Troyer (Poncirus trifoliata × C. sinensis) rootstocks were very blight-susceptible; trees on sour orange (C. aurantium L.) had blight in some areas, but the disorder was not widespread among trees on this rootstock. Slurries of dry wood (1 : 3,w/v) from blighted trees were about 0.1 unit higher in pH than wood slurries from healthy trees. A similar pH difference was found in Florida, but only between moderately blighted and healthy trees; severely affected trees had the same wood pH as healthy trees. The pH difference in Florida was expressed more strongly in fresh than in dried wood.
‘Alamo’, ‘Anza’, ‘Calrey’, ‘Calrico’, ‘Laguna’, ‘Ramona’, ‘Rita’, ‘Vega’, and ‘Vista’ Crisphead Lettuce
Authors: Welch J. E. , Kihara G. M. , Kimble K. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The University of California and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced the release to commercial lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed growers of breeder seed for California production districts of 9 new crisphead lettuce cultivars: ‘Calrey’, ‘Calrico’, ‘Alamo’, ‘Anza’, ‘Laguna’, ‘Ramona’, ‘Rita’, ‘Vega’, and ‘Vista’. The first 2 were released on March 9, 1976, the latter 7 were released on October 15, 1980.
‘Ohio 7814’ Tomato
Authors: Berry S. Z. , Gould W. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Ohio 7814’ is an early season tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) adapted for machine harvest and bulk handling. Processing quality is especially suitable for the production of viscosity products and peeled, coreless, whole-canned tomatoes. It was released in November 1982 by the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University.
Controlled-environment Guidelines
Authors: Krizek Donald T. , McFarlane J. Craig 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since publication of the “Guidelines for Measuring and Reporting the Environment for Plant Studies” in HortScience (2, 3, 4, 6), the guidelines have been refined, reviewed, and published in various journals (1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15).
Rising Atmospheric CO2 and Crop Productivity
Authors: Wittwer Sylvan H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the characteristics of today’s world is that changes may be occurring more rapidly than our ability to cope with them. An example is the CO2 level in the atmosphere which is rising at the rate of 1.5 to 2 ppm per year. It is 10% above the level of 25 years ago, and has increased by about 15% during the past century. Increasing levels may be largely beneficial from the standpoint of biological productivity, since the current level (340 ppm) of CO2 is a constraint for primary productivity and photosynthesis for most plant species. But, the effects of a rising level of atmospheric CO2 on climate are uncertain. Biological effects on the other hand, are much more certain, predictable, and measurable. No one knows now—all things considered—the optimal level of atmospheric CO2.
Air Pollution and Horticulture: An Overview
Authors: MacLean David C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Current interest in air pollution effects on vegetation is derived from 3 basic concerns: economic, aesthetic, and ecologic. The economic concern is an obvious one. Air pollution can result in reduced yield or impaired quality of the harvestable product, either through effects on its appearance, which affect its marketability, or its internal composition that may affect its nutritive value. Commercial losses in horticulture and other agricultural operations due to air pollution amount to hundreds of millions of dollars annually. The esthetic concern, though less pragmatic, also is important. Air pollution can cause foliar symptoms or altered growth that detract from the appearance of native plants in natural areas or ornamental plants in landscaped properties, public parks, and along highways. The third concern has to do with ecologic imbalances caused by air pollution. Vegetation plays an important role in soil and water conservation. It provides food and habitats for wildlife; it is essential for the O2-CO2 balance in nature; and it plays a vital role in the recycling of many elements in the ecosystem. Thus, air pollution directly affects the economic, aesthetic, and ecologic value of plants and these, in turn, directly or indirectly affect the well-being of man.
Remedial Measures to Reduce Air Pollution Losses in Horticulture
Authors: Kender Walter J. , Forsline Philip L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Air pollution research on vegetation has progressed rapidly in the last decade. As a result, our understanding of the effects of pollutants on horticultural crops generally is well documented. Our knowledge of the mode of action of air pollutants injuring plants, however, is much less known. It is difficult to devise practical control methods without such understanding.
The Significance of the Developing Energy Technologies of Coal Conversion to Plant Productivity
Authors: Taylor G. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Coal conversion technologies are emerging as alternative energy processes to complement traditional sources of petroleum and natural gas. The viability of the conversion technologies is a consequence of a number of factors, including the massive reserves of coal within our national boundaries, documented success in developing the various process technologies, existing systems for product distribution, and a diverse array of end products ranging from gas and liquid fuels to chemical feedstocks (18, 23). Coal conversion facilities are proposed throughout most regions of the continent, unlike many emerging energy technologies that have a limited distribution in North America (e.g., geothermal, oil shale and solar).
Development of a Foam Microenvironment for Enhanced Seedling Establishment
Authors: Taylor A. G. , Kenny T. J. , Carney E. P. , Gibbs G. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were sown in the greenhouse in a field soil prone to crusting, and at the same time a stable foam was generated and placed over the seed furrow in a 4 x 0.5 cm band. The foam withstood a simulated rain and offered little (0.03 MPa) mechanical resistance to seedling emergence. The percentage of seedling emergence was increased by the foam microenvironment. The foam strip remained over the seed furrow for 3 weeks and was not observed to be phytotoxic to seedling growth.
Evaluation of Seven Media for Micropropagation of Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Wolfe D. E. , Eck P. , Chin Chee-Kok 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shoot growth of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. Bluecrop) in vitro was compared on various modifications of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) vitamins, Zimmerman’s Z-2 and Z-3 media, a modified Knop’s medium, and McCown and Lloyd’s woody plant medium (WPM). The WPM was found to produce best growth and highest number of shoots of 10 mm or longer. Shoots from Zimmerman’s half-strength medium (Z-3) yielded the highest percentage of rooting in sifted sphagnum peat.
In Vitro Rooting of Shoots from Embryo-cultured Peach Seedlings
Authors: Feliciano Ascunia J. , de Assis M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Media containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salts at full and halfstrength concentrations supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.8% agar, and (in mg/liter) 1.0 indolebutyric acid (IBA), 0.5 thiamine, 0.5 nicotinic acid, 0.5 pyridoxine, 2.0 glycine, and 100 myo-inositol were most effective in rooting shoot tips of embryo-cultured peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] seedlings.
Survival of Dormant Apple Shoot Tips after Immersion in Liquid Nitrogen
Authors: Katano Manabu , Ishihara Aiya , Sakai Akira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips isolated aseptically from dormant buds of apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) survived immersion in liquid nitrogen following prefreezing below — 10°C without cryoprotectant. After thawing, they grew and multiplied shoots in vitro as did unprefrozen shoot tips. This study suggested the possibility of freeze preservation in liquid nitrogen of apple shoot tips.
Chemical Dormancy Breaking of Red Raspberry
Authors: Snir Iona 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Several chemicals, used to induce budbreak of deciduous fruit trees in areas lacking sufficient chilling units were applied to 3 cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cvs. Delmes, Mailing Exploit, and Schoenemann) grown in Bet Dagan, Israel. All treatments including oil + dinitrol-o-cresol (5%), KNO3 (5%), thiourea (1%), and cyanamide (4%) solutions improved budbreak, and increased yield. The most impressive effect was obtained with 4% cyanamide, which increased fruit size, earliness, and yield.
Rooting of Semihardwood Peach Cuttings as Affected by Shoot Position and Thickness
Authors: Marini Richard P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In 2 cultivars of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] semihardwood cuttings of current season shoots rooted better from terminal than from basal portions. Rooting of basal and terminal cuttings was correlated with stem diameter.
Tipburn Susceptibility in Semi-isogenic Inbred Lines of Cabbage as Influenced by Nitrogen
Authors: Peck N. H. , Dickson M. H. , MacDonald G. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effects of N rate on tipburn occurrence in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) and on concentrations of inorganic elements in cabbage plants were determined in semi-isogenic inbred lines of cabbage that were resistant and susceptible to tipburn. Resistant inbred lines had very little tipburn in the heads at harvest time, but nearly all of the heads of susceptible lines had tipburn on internal leaves. Addition of N slightly increased tipburn. Early in the growing season, leaves of plants of the resistant inbred lines were higher in concentrations of total N, NO3-N, K, Cl, and Fe, but lower in Zn and Cu than for susceptible lines. At harvest, heads of the resistant inbred lines were higher in concentrations of Ca, SO4-S, and NO3-N, but lower in P, K, Na, and Zn than for heads of susceptible lines.
Ascorbic Acid Content of Fresh and Processed Purees from Twelve Tomato Cultivars
Authors: Warnock Stephen J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fresh and processed purees of 12 tomato cultivars were analyzed for ascorbic acid content. Five of 11 tomato cultivars were low in ascorbic acid compared to ‘VF145B-7879’. Four other cultivars were not significantly different from ‘VF145B-7879’ in ascorbic acid content. These 9 cultivars were characterized equally well irrespective of whether analyses were done on fresh or processed purees. The average ascorbic acid content of processed purees of ‘VF109’ was significantly greater than ‘VF145B-7879’, but no difference occurred between fresh purees of these 2 cultivars. ‘VF145B-7879’ had a mean ascorbic acid loss of 3.01 mg/100 ml of puree upon processing. None of the other cultivars had significantly greater losses. ‘Rowpac’ and ‘VF109’ had average losses that were less than ‘VF145B-7879’ when their purees were processed.
Induction of Frost Hardiness in Tomato Leaves by Short-term Cold Acclimation
Authors: Shen Zhen-Yan , Li Paul H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The effects of low temperatures on chilling sensitivity and frost hardiness were investigated in leaf tissues of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A regime of 20°/15°C (day/night) temperature reduces chilling sensitivity. Subsequently, plants were able to survive at 5°, 2°, and even 0° (day/night) for cold acclimation. Using these stepwise treatments, leaf tissues of ‘Early Cascade’ tomato could be cold-acclimated to tolerate extracellular freezing at -3°, whereas nontreated plants were killed at -1.5°.
Management Practices for Fresh-market Tomato Production in the Southeastern Coastal Plain
Authors: Karlen D. L. , Robbins M. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Yields of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were highest with trickle irrigation, mulching, and staking, but the importance of the individual management components was dependent upon seasonal weather pattern. In 1979, plants that were staked, but not irrigated, produced 78 MT/ha of marketable fruit. Irrigating the staked plants increased yields to 94 MT/ha and to 97 MT/ha if the beds were mulched with black polyethylene. Without staking the plants in 1979, neither trickle irrigation nor mulching influenced fruit yield, which averaged only 45 MT/ha. In 1980, because of a prolonged drought, trickle irrigation increased yields from 33 to 65 MT/ha, mulching increased yields from 42 to 58 MT/ha, but staking did not significantly influence yield. Seasonal water balances suggested that tomato grown on a Norfolk loamy sand should be irrigated before the soil water-tension at the 30-cm depth in the center of the bed exceeds 25 kPa.
Effects of Plant Density, Arrangement, and Genotype on Stability of Sex Expression in Cucumber
Authors: Lower R. L. , Smith O. S. , Ghaderi A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Plant density had little effect on the number of pistillate flowers on gynoecious inbreds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), but increasing density reduced pistillate flowers in 3 of 4 hybrids. The number of staminate flowers/plant on the gynoecious inbreds was small and was unaffected by density. In 2 of the 4 hybrids of gynoecious x monoecious inbreds, increases in staminate flower production were associated with increasing density.
Effect of Broadcast vs. Banded Applications of Nitrapyrin on Yield and Nitrogen Concentration in Field-grown Sweet Corn
Authors: Mills H. A. , McElhannon W. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Suppression of denitrification with multiple, banded applications of nitrapyrin totaling 206 g/ha increased N percentage in plants and yield of field-grown sweet corn. Lower (41 g/ha) concentration of banded nitrapyrin and all broadcast applications of nitrapyrin did not increase N percentage or yield consistently.
Efficiency of Three Harvesters and their Effect on Quality of Raw and Processed Snap Beans
Authors: Gonzalez Alfredo R. , Sistrunk William A. , Marx David B. , Morelock T. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The 3 harvesters tested provided about the same harvest efficiency. Harvesters did not show significant differences in sound, broken, and bruised pods harvested from 2 fields. More pod clusters and less trash were obtained in the field with more mature pods. Under the same field conditions, 2.6 times more snap beans could be harvested with the FMC model GB-110 and Chisholm-Ryder Multi-Density than with the Chisholm-Ryder Hi-Boy. Quality differences of canned beans harvested with the machines were too small to differentiate by the USDA standards for grades of canned snap beans.
Postharvest Effects of Temperature, Dark Storage Duration, and Sleeving on Quality Retention of ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ Poinsettia
Authors: Scott Lelia F. , Blessington Thomas M. , Price James A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Sleeved poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima, Willd. cv. Gutbier V-14 Glory) had less abscission and damaged bracts and maintained better long-term postharvest quality 30 days after treatment than did nonsleeved plants. Plants had better quality after 30 days in the postharvest environment when the storage temperatue was 12.8°C as opposed to 7.2° or 18.3°. The longer storage durations of 6 or 9 days resulted in plants with greater abscission and lower quality for the 30-day postharvest period than the 3-day storage duration.
Effect of Temperature Treatments on the Scale Propagation of Lilium longiflorum ‘White Europe’ and Lilium X ‘Enchantment’
Authors: van Tuyl Jaap M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The influence of different temperature treatments on the scale propagation of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘White Europe’ and Lilium X ‘Enchantment’ was studied with regard to type of plant development and bulb production. For 22 weeks, scales were treated at starting temperatures of 23°, 26°, and 30°C over a period of 6, 9, or 12 weeks followed by the standard sequence of 17° and 5° to complete 22 weeks. For L. longiflorum, it appeared that the higher the starting temperature, the more direct bolted plants (ETP = epigeous type plant) were formed, while the opposite was observed for ‘Enchantment’. No-green-leaf-bulblets (NLB = dormant bulblets) were almost absent in ‘Enchantment’. The relatively high number of NLB in L. longiflorum decreased when the starting temperatures were higher and more prolonged. High bulb production, observed at the lower temperatures in ‘Enchantment’ and at the higher temperatures in L. longiflorum, is associated with the occurrence of many ETP and few NLB.
Response of Rumohra adiantiformis to Water Application Level and Nitrogen Form
Authors: Mathur D. D. , Stamps R. H. , Conover C. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Reduction of irrigation level on leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst) Ching] to 150 cm/year from 311 cm/year (recommended rate) had no effect on frond yield or fresh weight and increased vase life on 3 of 7 harvest dates. Nitrogen sources of urea or NH4NO3 did not affect frond yield or fresh weight, but there were some minor variable effects on vase life.
‘Daytona’ Grape
Authors: Mortensen J. A. , Stover L. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Daytona’, a pink bunch grape (Vitis X sp.) recommended for fresh fruit consumption, has been released by the University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. ‘Daytona’ is resistant to Pierce’s disease (PD), has vini-fera-like fresh fruit character, and has larger bunch and berry size than other PD-resistant cultivars. ‘Daytona’ is suited to homeowner use in areas where PD is a limiting factor to grape growing.
‘Elul’ Grape
Authors: Spiegel-Roy P. , Asaph R. , Baron I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In a breeding program for table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) initiated in 1968 at Bet Dagan, one of the objectives has been to breed late-ripening cultivars. A late-ripening selection from a cross between ‘Dabouki’ and ‘Cal-meria’ has been made and is being named ‘Elul’.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Read Paul E. , Donnan Alvan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This symposium is sponsored jointly by the Tissue Culture and Propagation Working Groups, with cosponsorship by ASHS Working Groups on Viticulture and Small Fruits, Citrus, and Fruit Breeding. The interest of these groups indicates the significance of this subject to so many areas of horticulture. Many professionals in both commercial and public sectors devote their efforts to, and earn their livelihood from, a dependency on clonal propagation. Most fruit crops, many nursery species and types, a significant number of floricultural crops, and several vegetables are propagated clonally (6, 7). Recently, many of these clones have been propagated commercially through various tissue-culture methods (7, 14).
Phase Change and Intra-Clonal Variability
Authors: Hackett Wesley P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There is considerable opportunity for intra-clonal variability due to nongenetic or epigenetic causes because of the well-known and striking age-related changes in developmental patterns in plants propagated from seed. It is well-known that a juvenile phase exists in the development of plants from seed, lasting up to 30-40 years in forest trees, during which flowering does not occur and cannot be induced by normal flower-initiating treatments. The ability to flower is achieved in time, however, and the plant is said to have attained the mature condition. This phenomenon has been referred to as a phase change by Brink (6). Changes in morphological and developmental characteristics, such as leaf cuticular characteristics (13), leaf shape and thickness, phyllotaxis, thominess, shoot orientation (46), and other physiological characteristics such as seasonal leaf retention, stem pigmentation (46), ability to form adventitious roots and buds (7, 46), partitioning of photosynthates into main stem vs. branches (30), disease resistance (W.J. Libby, Jr., personal communication) and cold resistance (27), are associated with the phase change. Phase-change-related characteristics are most obvious in woody, perennial plants but also have been demonstrated in herbaceous annuals and perennials (24, 54). Some of these characteristics are important horticulturally and the ability to control or manipulate them has important practical implications.