bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing thalamic and basal ganglia nuclei in medically intractable focal epilepsy by MR fingerprinting
Authors: Tang Yingying , Su Ting‐Yu , Choi Joon Yul , Hu Siyuan , Wang Xiaofeng , Sakaie Ken , Murakami Hiroatsu , Alexopoulos Andreas , Griswold Mark , Jones Stephen , Najm Imad , Ma Dan , Wang Zhong Irene 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesMagnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a novel, quantitative, and noninvasive technique to measure brain tissue properties. We aim to use MRF for characterizing normal‐appearing thalamic and basal ganglia nuclei in the epileptic brain.MethodsA three‐dimensional (3D) MRF protocol (1 mm3 isotropic resolution) was acquired from 48 patients with unilateral medically intractable focal epilepsy and 39 healthy controls (HCs). Whole‐brain T1 and T2 maps (containing T1 and T2 relaxation times) were reconstructed for each subject. Ten subcortical nuclei in the thalamus and basal ganglia were segmented as regions of interest (ROIs), within which the mean T1 and T2 values, as well as their coefficient of variation (CV) were compared between the patients and HCs at the group level. Subgroup and correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between significant MRF measures and various clinical characteristics. Using significantly abnormal MRF measures from the group‐level analyses, support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression machine learning models were built and tested with 5‐fold and 10‐fold cross‐validations, to separate patients from HCs, and to separate patients with left‐sided and right‐sided epilepsy, at the individual level.ResultsMRF revealed increased T1 mean value in the ipsilateral thalamus and nucleus accumbens; increased T1 CV in the bilateral thalamus, bilateral pallidum, and ipsilateral caudate; and increased T2 CV in the ipsilateral thalamus in patients compared to HCs (p < .05, false discovery rate [FDR] corrected). The SVM classifier produced 78.2% average accuracy to separate individual patients from HCs, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83. The logistic regression classifier produced 67.4% average accuracy to separate patients with left‐sided and right‐sided epilepsy, with an AUC of 0.72.SignificanceMRF revealed bilateral tissue‐property changes in the normal‐appearing thalamus and basal ganglia, with ipsilateral predominance and thalamic preference, suggesting subcortical involvement/impairment in patients with medically intractable focal epilepsy. The individual‐level performance of the MRF‐based machine‐learning models suggests potential opportunities for predicting lateralization.
Research on corporate financial performance prediction based on self‐organizing and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhou Maoze , Liu Hongjiu , Hu Yanrong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEconomic risks faced by manufacturing enterprises are gradually increasing and risk reduction whilst maintaining high financial performance has become key to their survival and development of enterprises. Enterprise performance affects not only enterprise development but also does the interests of investors and creditors. Therefore, a well‐performing model for financial performance prediction is particularly important. In this paper, we combine unsupervised and supervised learning, fusing self‐organizing mapping neural networks and convolutional neural networks, and apply deep learning to financial analysis to construct a new financial performance prediction model, called SNN‐CNN. This paper uses crawler technology to obtain financial data of listed manufacturing enterprises and classifies their financial performance into five levels. It finds that enterprises with high financial performance tend to have balanced financial indicators, strong corporate vitality and stable development of various capabilities, while enterprises with low financial performance have poor repayment and profitability, significant risks in corporate operation and limited growth and development. Compared with traditional risk prediction models, the SOM‐CNN model has a higher accuracy rate, up to 95.69%.
#Morethanavisitor: Experiences of COVID‐19 visitor restrictions in Canadian long‐term care facilities
Authors: Thirsk Lorraine M. , Stahlke Sarah , Perry Beth , Gordon Brogan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of families, residents, and staff around visitor restriction policies in long‐term care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Canada.BackgroundBeginning in March 2020, public health orders across Canada restricted visitors to long‐term care facilities to curb the spread of the infection. This included family caregivers who provide significant support to residents to meet their physical, psychological, social, and safety needs.MethodWe collected data from publicly available news and social media. News articles, blogs, and tweets from Canada were collected from March 2020 to April 2021. In total, 40 news articles, eight blogs, and 23 tweets were analyzed using generic qualitative description.ResultsReports from family members indicate that some residents may have died from malnutrition, dehydration, and isolation, rather than from COVID‐19, because of the sudden and prolonged absence of family caregivers. There are long‐term impacts on family suffering and long‐term care worker burnout. Policy and structural issues were identified.ConclusionExperiences in long‐term care reflected not only impacts of pandemic‐related visitor restrictions, but also long‐standing funding and workforce issues.ImplicationsInvolvement of family, and specifically family caregivers, is crucial in policy decisions, even in unusual circumstances, such as the pandemic.
Potential millennial‐scale avian declines by humans in southern China
Authors: Dong Feng , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yi‐Lin , Lei Fu‐Min , Li Shou‐Hsien , Wu Fei , Yang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMounting observational records demonstrate human‐caused faunal decline in recent decades, while accumulating archaeological evidence suggests an early biodiversity impact of human activities during the Holocene. A fundamental question arises concerning whether modern wildlife population declines began during early human disturbance. Here, we performed a population genomic analysis of six common forest birds in East Asia to address this question. For five of them, demographic history inference based on 25–33 genomes of each species revealed dramatic population declines by 4‐ to 48‐fold over millennia (e.g. 2000–5000 thousand years ago). Nevertheless, summary statistics detected nonsignificant correlations between these population size trajectories and Holocene temperature variations, and ecological niche models explicitly predicted extensive range persistence during the Holocene, implying limited demographic consequence of Holocene climate change. Further analyses suggest high negative correlations between the reconstructed population declines and human disturbance intensities and indicate a potential driver of human activities. These findings provide a deep‐time and large‐scale insight into the recently recognized avifaunal decline and support an early origin hypothesis of human effects on biodiversity. Overall, our study sheds light on the current biodiversity crisis in the context of long‐term human–environment interactions and offers a multi‐evidential framework for quantitatively assessing the ecological consequences of human disturbance.
Study on the potential contribution of bacterial community on the volatile flavour of Yongfeng chilli paste
Authors: Yin Hanliang , Chen Mengjuan , Li Pao , Wang Rongrong , Xie Songlai , Jiang Liwen , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe study aimed to explore the contribution of the microbial community on flavour formation by measuring physicochemical properties, volatile compounds composition and bacterial community of Yongfeng chilli paste. A similar amino acid nitrogen level and different pH, total acid and salt content were observed in five brands of Yongfeng chilli paste. A total of 106 volatile compounds were identified, wherein, ethyl palmitate, ethyl trans‐4‐decenoate, phenylethyl alcohol were the common volatile compounds with high content in all samples. Additionally, Oxyphotobacteria‐unclassified, Mitochondria‐unclassified, Pediococcus, Bacillus, Lactobacillus and Weissella were the dominant genera. Lactobacillus was related to the production of some alcohols and terpenes. Whereas, Bacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella, which showed higher salt tolerance, could affect the formation of esters, such as ethyl salicylate, ethyl lactate. Thus, this study provided a basis for further research on the mechanism of flavour formation and some guidance for the improvements of the quality of traditional fermented chilli paste.
Requirement of Myoglianin for metamorphosis in the beetleHenosepilachna vigintioctopunctata
Authors: Chen Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Qing , Wu Jian‐Jian , Jin Lin , Li Guo‐Qing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHenosepilachna vigintioctopunctatais a serious defoliating beetle attacking Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae plants in many Asian countries. In the present paper, we identified a putativemyoglianin(myo) gene.Hvmyowas actively transcribed throughout development, from embryo to adult. RNA interference (RNAi)‐aided knockdown ofHvmyodelayed larval development by more than 2 days, reduced larval body size, inhibited the growth of antennae, wings and legs and disturbed gut purge. Knockdown ofHvmyoimpaired the larval‐pupal transition. All theHvmyoRNAi larvae arrested at the larval stage or formed misshapen pupae or adults. The deformed pupae and adults were partially wrapped with exuviae, bearing separated wings. Moreover, the expression levels of five ecdysteroidogenesis genes (Hvspo,Hvphm,Hvdib,HvsadandHvshd), a prothocicotropic hormone (PTTH)/Torso pathway gene (Hvtorso), two 20E receptor genes (HvEcRandHvUSP), and two 20E signalling genes (HvE93andHvFTZ‐F1) were as a result ofHvMyoRNAi significantly lowered. Conversely, the expression of a JH biosynthesis gene (Hvjhamt), a JH receptor geneHvMetand a JH signalling geneHvKr‐h1was greatly enhanced. Although ingestion of 20E and Hal rescued the 20E signal, it could not alleviate larval performance and defective phenotypes. Our results suggest that Myo exerts four distinctive roles in ecdysteroidogenesis, JH production, organ growth and larva‐pupa‐adult transformation inH. vigintioctopunctata.
What to Do about Overpopulation?
Authors: Stanbury Craig 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe world's population is a significant variable that can be altered to help decrease global emissions. Most of the discussion surrounding this variable has concentrated on the moral issues involved: to what extent is a state justified in reducing its population? Are individual procreators morally obligated to have fewer children? However, while these moral concerns are important, little attention has been given to the feasibility of a proposed solution to overpopulation. This article aims to rectify that. By understanding whether (and how) feasibility impacts the truth‐value of an ought claim, important progress can be made on deliberating what to do about overpopulation. In Section 2, I outline the public health crisis that overpopulation causes and present Sarah Conly's argument as the most well‐thought‐out account of how to ethically and rapidly reduce the population. In Section 3, I borrow from Nicholas Southwood to explore when infeasibility makes an ought claim false. In Section 4, I show that rapidly reducing the population is infeasible. Therefore, regardless of any ethical merits, it should be eliminated as an option when deliberating what to do. Instead, we must put our time and resources into finding a feasible solution to overpopulation.
High‐resolution genomic analysis of four local Vietnamese chicken breeds
Authors: Evelyne Moyse , Nguyen Van Duy , Amelyne Dor , Nguyen Hoang Thinh , Duc Luc Do , Nassim Moula , Dinh Ton Vu , Frédéric Farnir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Vietnam, local chicken breeds account for over 70% of the national poultry population. Although these breeds are abundant, their productivity is low and their use is threatened by the extensive importation of foreign productive breeds. In this context, conservation programmes targeting several emblematic breeds have been established. The goal of these programmes was to characterize endangered breeds and maintain a pool of characteristic birds for preserving their genetic heritage. To contribute to these programmes, we comprehensively characterized four Vietnamese local chicken breeds (Dong Tao, Ho, Mia and Mong) at the genomic level using high‐density single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Despite originating in geographically close areas, Dong Tao and Ho were evidently different from each other as well as from Mong and Mia, which shared a more recent common ancestor. The genomic inbreeding coefficient revealed high homozygosity amongst the four breeds (10%–20%). The observation of clear differentiation at the genomic level supported the presence of distinct breeds; nonetheless, the occurrence of crossbred birds in a presumably purebred sample demonstrated the need to apply genomic tools to unambiguously assign the birds to the correct breed. Moreover, the occurrence of substantial inbreeding and the presence of subgroups in certain breeds warranted attention to create future nuclei for use in the conservation of these local breeds.
Process mapping strategies to prevent subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator infections
Authors: Weiss Raul , Mark George E. , El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Biffi Mauro , Probst Vincent , Lambiase Pier D. , Miller Marc A. , McClernon Timothy , Hansen Linda K. , Knight Bradley P. , Baddour Larry M. ,   other members of the S‐ICD Process Mapping Consortium
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfection remains a major complication of cardiac implantable electronic devices and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Implantable devices that avoid transvenous leads, such as the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD), can reduce the risk of serious infection‐related complications, such as bloodstream infection and infective endocarditis. While the 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines include recommendations for S‐ICD use for patients at high risk of infection, currently, there are no clinical trial data that address best practices for the prevention of S‐ICD infections. Therefore, an expert panel was convened to develop a consensus on these topics.MethodsAn expert process mapping methodology was used to achieve consensus on the appropriate steps to minimize or prevent S‐ICD infections. Two face‐to‐face meetings of high‐volume S‐ICD implanters and an infectious diseases specialist, with expertise in cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections, were conducted to develop consensus on useful strategies pre‐, peri‐, and postimplant to reduce S‐ICD infection risk.ResultsExpert panel consensus on recommended steps for patient preparation, S‐ICD implantation, and postoperative management was developed to provide guidance in individual patient management.ConclusionAchieving expert panel consensus by process mapping methodology for S‐ICD infection prevention was attainable, and the results should be helpful to clinicians in adopting interventions to minimize risks of S‐ICD infection.
Synchronization of repolarization after cardiac resynchronization therapy: A combined clinical and modeling study
Authors: Verzaal Nienke J. , van Deursen Caroline J. M. , Pezzuto Simone , Wecke Liliane , van Everdingen Wouter M. , Vernooy Kevin , Delhaas Tammo , Auricchio Angelo , Prinzen Frits W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe changes in ventricular repolarization after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) are poorly understood. This knowledge gap is addressed using a multimodality approach including electrocardiographic and echocardiographic measurements in patients and using patient‐specific computational modeling.MethodsIn 33 patients electrocardiographic and echocardiographic measurements were performed before and at various intervals after CRT, both during CRT‐ON and temporary CRT‐OFF. T‐wave area was calculated from vectorcardiograms, and reconstructed from the 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG). Computer simulations were performed using a patient‐specific eikonal model of cardiac activation with spatially varying action potential duration (APD) and repolarization rate, fit to a patient's ECG.ResultsDuring CRT‐ON T‐wave area diminished within a day and remained stable thereafter, whereas QT‐interval did not change significantly. During CRT‐OFF T‐wave area doubled within 5 days of CRT, while QT‐interval and peak‐to‐end T‐wave interval hardly changed. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction only increased significantly increased after 1 month of CRT. Computer simulations indicated that the increase in T‐wave area during CRT‐OFF can be explained by changes in APD following chronic CRT that are opposite to the change in CRT‐induced activation time. These APD changes were associated with a reduction in LV dispersion in repolarization during chronic CRT.ConclusionT‐wave area during CRT‐OFF is a sensitive marker for adaptations in ventricular repolarization during chronic CRT that may include a reduction in LV dispersion of repolarization.
Mechanisms of 8‐aminoquinoline induced haemolytic toxicity in a G6PDd humanized mouse model
Authors: Flaherty Siobhan , Strauch Pamela , Maktabi Mahdi , Pybus Brandon S. , Reichard Gregory , Walker Larry A , Rochford Rosemary 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrimaquine (PQ) and Tafenoquine (TQ) are clinically important 8‐aminoquinolines (8‐AQ) used for radical cure treatment of P. vivax infection, known to target hepatic hypnozoites. 8‐AQs can trigger haemolytic anaemia in individuals with glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd), yet the mechanisms of haemolytic toxicity remain unknown. To address this issue, we used a humanized mouse model known to predict haemolytic toxicity responses in G6PDd human red blood cells (huRBCs). To evaluate the markers of eryptosis, huRBCs were isolated from mice 24–48 h post‐treatment and analysed for effects on phosphatidylserine (PS), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autofluorescence. Urinalysis was performed to evaluate the occurrence of intravascular and extravascular haemolysis. Spleen and liver tissue harvested at 24 h and 5–7 days post‐treatment were stained for the presence of CD169+ macrophages, F4/80+ macrophages, Ter119+ mouse RBCs, glycophorin A+ huRBCs and murine reticulocytes (muRetics). G6PDd‐huRBCs from PQ/TQ treated mice showed increased markers for eryptosis as early as 24 h post‐treatment. This coincided with an early rise in levels of muRetics. Urinalysis revealed concurrent intravascular and extravascular haemolysis in response to PQ/TQ. Splenic CD169+ macrophages, present in all groups at day 1 post‐dosing were eliminated by days 5–7 in PQ/TQ treated mice only, while liver F4/80 macrophages and iron deposits increased. Collectively, our data suggest 8‐AQ treated G6PDd‐huRBCs have early physiological responses to treatment, including increased markers for eryptosis indicative of oxidative stress, resulting in extramedullary haematopoiesis and loss of splenic CD169+ macrophages, prompting the liver to act as the primary site of clearance.
In vitro effects of Eucommia ulmoides and its active components on the growth, lipid metabolism and collagen metabolism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hepatocyte and intramuscular fibroblast
Authors: Yang Hang , Xu Zhen , Tan Sumei , Zhang Chunyan , Li Xiaoqin , Leng Xiangjun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the in vitro effects of Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides) and its active components on the growth, lipid metabolism and collagen metabolism of grass carp's (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) hepatocytes and intramuscular fibroblasts. In experiments 1 and 2 (Expt. 1, 2), hepatocytes and intramuscular fibroblasts were treated with 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg ml–1 of Eucommia bark extract (EBE), Eucommia leaf extract (ELE), pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), chlorogenic acid (CGA), quercetin (QC) and aucubin (AU) for 24 h, respectively, then the cell growth, lipid and collagen metabolism‐related gene expressions were evaluated. The results showed that the cell proliferation rate of hepatocytes and intramuscular fibroblasts was significantly improved by the supplementation of EBE, ELE, CGA, QC and AU. Moreover, triglyceride concentration of hepatocytes was significantly decreased by the EBE, ELE, CGA and QC supplementations compared to the control. Meanwhile, EBE, ELE, CGA, QC and AU supplementations significantly upregulated the relative gene expressions of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (igf1), protein kinase B (akt), target of rapamycin (tor) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4ebp1) in hepatocytes, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (s6k1) transcription was significantly activated by ELE, CGA and QC supplementations. Nonetheless, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (pi3k) was unaffected by any of the supplements. In addition, the mRNA expressions of genes associated with lipid metabolism (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α pparα, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 cpt1, adipose triglyceride lipase atgl, hormone‐sensitive lipase hsl, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ pparγ) were significantly upregulated by EBE, ELE, CGA and QC. In intramuscular fibroblasts, the EBE, ELE, CGA, QC and AU supplementations significantly increased in vitro hydroxyproline concentrations, promoted the relative expressions of transforming growth factor‐β1 (tgfβ1), connective tissue growth factor (ctgf), collagen type I alpha 1/2 chain (col1a1, col1a2), lysine oxidase (lox) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (timp2), and decreased matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (mmp2) gene expression. Also, the gene expressions of drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 2/4 (smad2, smad4) and proline hydroxylase (phd) were significantly upregulated by ELE, CGA, QC and AU supplementations. Based on the present in vitro results of grass carp, EBE, ELE, CGA, QC and AU improved the growth and lipid metabolism (except AU) in hepatocytes, and promoted the collagen deposition in intramuscular fibroblast, which is partly attributed to the signalling pathways of AKT/TOR, PPARα and TGF‐β/Smads/CTGF.