bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of immunosuppression in an antibiotic stewardship intervention and its association with clinical outcomes and antibiotic use: protocol for an observational study (RISC-sepsis)
Authors: Scott Jonathan , Trevi Loredana , McNeil Hannah , Ewen Tom , Mawson Phil , McDonald David , Filby Andrew , Lall Ranjit , Booth Katie , Boschman Gert , Melkebeek Vesna , Perkins Gavin , McMullan Ronan , McAuley Daniel F , McCullagh Iain J , Walsh Timothy , Rostron Anthony , Shankar-Hari Manu , Dark Paul , Simpson A John , Conway Morris Andrew , Hellyer Thomas P 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionSepsis is characterised by a dysregulated immune response to infection, with exaggerated pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. A predominant immunosuppressive profile affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses is associated with increased hospital-acquired infection and reduced infection-free survival. While hospital-acquired infection leads to additional antibiotic use, the role of the immunosuppressive phenotype in guiding complex decisions, such as those affecting antibiotic stewardship, is uncertain. This study is a mechanistic substudy embedded within a multicentre clinical and cost-effectiveness trial of biomarker-guided antibiotic stewardship. This mechanistic study aims to determine the effect of sepsis-associated immunosuppression on the trial outcome measures.Methods and analysisRISC-sepsis is a prospective, multicentre, exploratory, observational study embedded within the ADAPT-sepsis trial. A subgroup of 180 participants with antibiotics commenced for suspected sepsis, enrolled in the ADAPT-sepsis trial, will be recruited. Blood samples will be collected on alternate days until day 7. At each time point, blood will be collected for flow cytometric analysis into cell preservation tubes. Immunophenotyping will be performed at a central testing hub by flow cytometry. The primary outcome measures are monocyte human leucocyte antigen-DR; neutrophil CD88; programmed cell death-1 on monocytes, neutrophils and T lymphocytes and the percentage of regulatory T cells. Secondary outcome measures will link to trial outcomes from the ADAPT-sepsis trial including antibiotic days; occurrence of hospital-acquired infection and length of ICU-stay and hospital-stay.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted (IRAS 209815) and RISC-sepsis is registered with the ISRCTN (86837685). Study results will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publications, presentations at scientific meetings and via patient and public participation groups and social media.
Alcohol and cannabis use in traffic-related injuries in Mexico City
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Orozco Ricardo 
Published: December 2022

BacterkgroundThere is debate on whether cannabis affects road traffic injuries (RTIs) separately from the effects of alcohol. Our goals are to report the possible increase in risk of an RTI among alcohol and cannabis users by type of exposure (biological, self-reported and combined) and the possible interaction of alcohol and cannabis in patients with an RTI in an emergency department in Mexico City.MethodsA case–crossover study with 433 cases of RTI (as a pedestrian, driver or passenger) during the period January–April 2022. A breath sample, an oral sample for cannabis detection and self-reported alcohol and cannabis use 6 hours prior to the RTI and in two control periods were used. We report ORs and 95% CIs from conditional logistic regressions for the case–crossover estimates.ResultsAlcohol alone increased the risk of an RTI (OR=6.02, 95% CI 3.29 to 10.99) for most RTIs, regardless of whether we used information from self-reports or a breath sample in the hazard period. Conversely, cannabis only increased the RTI when we added information in the hazard period from self-reports or oral samples. Nevertheless, this increase in risk disappeared (OR=2.06, 95% CI 0.90 to 4.70) among those who only used cannabis. We also found no evidence of interaction between alcohol and cannabis in the risk of an RTI.ConclusionsAlcohol is the most commonly used substance in Mexico and a high-risk factor for RTI in Mexico City. Although cannabis alone was not associated with an RTI, continuous monitoring of its effects is required.
On the diameter of the zero-divisor graph over skew PBW extensions
Authors: Abdi M. , Talebi Y. 
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to investigate the interplay between the algebraic properties of a skew Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt extesion ring [Formula: see text] and the graph-theoretic properties of its zero-divisor graph. We are interested in studying the diameter of the zero-divisor graph of skew PBW extension rings. Among other results, we give a complete characterization of the possible diameters of [Formula: see text] in terms of the diameter of [Formula: see text].
The Association between Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Prostate Cancer and Environmental Factors in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Dai Xuchao , Chen Gang , Liu Yanlong , Wu Zhigang , Ding Cheng , Chang Yanxiang , Huang Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground:In China, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are increasing. In this study, we analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in China and explored the potential associations of socioeconomic, ecological, and meteorologic conditions.Methods:Spatial-temporal scan statistics were used to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of prostate cancer in China from 2012 to 2016. Spatial regression models and the Geodetector method were used to explore the potential associations of anthropogenic and natural factors with prostate cancer.Results:The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China from 2012 to 2016 rapidly increased. The high incidence and mortality clusters were concentrated in the economically developed Yangtze River Delta region along the southeast coast. Among the 14 selected environmental factors, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population density, comprehensive index of environmental pollution discharge, accessibility of health care resources, urbanization rate, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) had significant positive correlations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. GDP per capita, urbanization rate, and population density had high explanatory power.Conclusions:The high-concentration areas for prostate cancer are located in more economically developed cities. The index of environmental pollution discharge, NO2, and prostate cancer incidence and mortality were positively correlated. The government should advocate increasing the use of clean energy while strengthening the regulation of industrial production to reduce pollutant emissions.Impact:To inform the development of prevention and control strategies for prostate cancer in China.
Patient-Reported Versus Physician-Assessed Health Status in Heart Failure With Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction From ASIAN-HF Registry
Authors: Teramoto Kanako , Tay Wan Ting , Tromp Jasper , Katherine Teng Tiew-Hwa , Chandramouli Chanchal , Ouwerkerk Wouter , Lawson Claire A. , Huang Weiting , Hung Chung-Lieh , Chopra Vijay , Anand Inder , Mark Richards Arthur , Lam Carolyn S.P. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
We aimed to assess if discordance between patient-reported Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)-overall summary (os) score and physician-assessed New York Heart Association (NYHA) class is common among patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced or preserved ejection fraction, and determine its association with outcomes.

Methods:
A total of 4818 patients with HF were classified according to KCCQ-os score (range 0–100, dichotomized by median value 71.9 into high [good] versus low [bad]) and NYHA class (I/II [good] or III/IV [bad]) as concordant good (low NYHA class, high KCCQ-os score), concordant bad (high NYHA class, low KCCQ-os score), discordant worse NYHA class (high NYHA class, high KCCQ-os score), and discordant worse KCCQ-os score (low NYHA class, low-KCCQ-os score). The composite of HF hospitalization or death at 1 year was compared across groups.

Results:

There were 2070 (43.0%) concordant good, 1099 (22.8%) concordant bad, 331 (6.9%) discordant worse NYHA class, and 1318 (27.4%) discordant worse KCCQ-os score patients. Compared with concordant good, adverse outcomes were the highest in concordant bad (HR, 2.7 [95% CI, 2.2–3.5]) followed by discordant worse KCCQ-os score (HR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.4–2.2]) and discordant worse NYHA class (HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.0–2.3]); with no modification by HF phenotype (preserved versus reduced ejection fraction,
P
interaction
=0.52). At 6 months, 1403 (48%) experienced clinically significant improvement in KCCQ-os score (≥5 points increase over 6 months). Patients with improved KCCQ-os at 6 months (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.47–0.92]) had better outcomes and the association was not modified by HF phenotype (
P
interaction
=0.40).

Conclusions:
One-third of patients with HF had discordance between patient-reported and clinician-assessed health status, largely attributable to worse patient-reported outcomes. Such discordance, particularly in those with discordantly worse KCCQ, should alert physicians to an increased risk of HF hospitalization and death, and prompt further assessment for potential drivers of worse patient-reported outcomes relative to physicians’ assessment.
Ecological niche modeling of the Macedonian mouse, Mus macedonicus (Mammalia, Rodentia), under climate change conditions
Authors: Demirtaş Sadik , Gündüz Nevran E. , Bilton David T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mus macedonicus Petrov & Ružic, 1983, also known as the Macedonian mouse or Balkan short-tailed mouse, lives in the southern Balkans and the Middle East. While this species is common in Mediterranean ecosystems and is listed as “least concern” by the IUCN, little is known about how its distribution may shift with climate change. This study explores the ‘species’ potential distribution in three different periods: during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and under current and future climate scenarios, using Maximum Entropy modelling. Modelling was based on 137 georeferenced occurrence records from Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Iran, Georgia, and Russia and ten bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim database. We show that a combination of precipitation and temperature variables appear to shape the geographical range of the Macedonian mouse and that its predicted distribution during the LGM is consistent with its survival in multiple refugia, as suggested by previous genetic studies. Modelled future distributions are subtly but significantly different from the current, with population losses and gains in different regions. Our results provide a sound framework for future studies on this model species’ range dynamics, suggesting that the overall geographical range of M. macedonicus is relatively stable in the long term.
Trend of Presenters on The Ḥadīth of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj and Netizens’ Reflections in Selected Youtube Talks
Authors: Suliaman Ishak , Azmi Nur Wasitah , Ithnin Norazam Khair Mohd , Bahrudin Mohamad Khalid 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
YouTube is one of digital platforms in spreading the ḥadīth to the public that known as netizen. The topic of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj is one of the popular talks in YouTube particularly among Malaysian Muslims. The influenced presenters of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj attract a significant number of viewers as well as their reflections. However, it is questionable in terms of reliable and quality of ḥadīth whenever they apply mix references between accepted and rejected ḥadīth in their talk on al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj. Consequently, the netizen reflects on their talks with the mode of positive, negative and neutral attitude through the YouTube comments. Therefore, this study focuses on the trend of selected presenters in referring the ḥadīth of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in the YouTube. Two Malaysian YouTube influenced presenters are selected as a case study. In order to evaluate the impact of both influenced presenters, this study examines netizen’s reflections on their talk of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in the YouTube comments. This study applied the method of content analysis in evaluating the trend of both presenters in referring the ḥadīth of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in the YouTube. In analysing netizens’ reflections, the classification attitude that established by Madden, Ruthven, and McMenemy (2013) is undertook as a guide to analyse YouTube video comments. The result of analysis revealed that the trend of mix references between accepted and rejected ḥadīth have been applied by both selected presenters with a significant number of those ḥadīth . Subsequently, the majority of netizen reflects positively on this trend of talk of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj in which the mix references between accepted and rejected ḥadīth have been applied by both presenters. The small portion of netizen reflects negatively and neutral attitude from the delivered talk. These findings signify that the netizen’s reflections on the selected talks of al-Isrāʾ wa al-Miʿrāj on YouTube mostly relies on the trend of presenters whether they refer to the authentic or the rejected ḥadīth.
The Hydrometeorology of Extreme Floods in the Lower Mississippi River
Authors: Su Yibing , Smith James A. , Villarini Gabriele 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Lower Mississippi River has experienced a cluster of extreme floods during the past two decades. The Bonnet Carré spillway, which is located on the Mississippi River immediately upstream of New Orleans, has been operated 15 times since its completion in 1931, with 7 occurrences after 2008. In this study, we examine rainfall and atmospheric water balance components associated with Lower Mississippi River flooding in 2008, 2011, and 2015–19. We focus on multiple time scales—1, 3, 7, and 14 days—reflecting contributions from individual storm systems and the aggregate contributions from a sequence of storm systems. Atmospheric water balance variables—integrated water vapor flux (IVT) and precipitable water—are central to our assessment of the storm environment for Lower Mississippi flood events. We find anomalously large IVT corridors accompany the critical periods of heavy rainfall and are organized in southwest–northeast orientation over the Mississippi domain. Atmospheric rivers play an important role as agents of extremes in water vapor flux and rainfall. We conduct climatological analyses of IVT and precipitable water extremes across the four time scales using 40 years of North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) fields from 1979 to 2018. We find significant increasing trends in both variables at all time scales. Increases in IVT especially cover large regions of the Mississippi domain. The findings point to increased vulnerability faced by the Mississippi flood control system in the current and future climate.
Imatinib plasma levels in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumour under routine clinical practice conditions
Authors: Del Rosario García Betel , Morales Barrios José Alberto , Jurado Josefina Cruz , Díaz Ruth Ramos , Viña Romero María Micaela , Padrón Ivette Mourani , Nazco Casariego Gloria Julia , Nicolás Fernando Gutiérrez 
Published: December 2022

Objectives Imatinib is the first therapeutic option for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Previous studies have shown an improvement in patient survival rates following the use of imatinib. Nevertheless, adequate plasma concentrations of imatinib are necessary to achieve such improvement in survival and limit the toxicity of the drug. This study aims to analyse the influence of imatinib plasma concentrations on efficacy and safety in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Materials and methods This descriptive, multicentre study analysed plasma levels of imatinib in patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumour in the period 2019–2020. An optimal therapeutic range of 750–1500 ng/mL was established for the patient stratification based on their minimum plasma concentrations measured at the steady state. Results This study included 11 patients with metastatic disease in total, among whom only 54.5% (n  =  6) had a minimum plasma concentrations measured at the steady state value within the therapeutic range. A median progression-free survival of 7.0 months was recorded for those patients with minimum plasma concentrations measured at the steady state < 750 ng/mL, while that median progression-free survival value remained unachieved for the group with minimum plasma concentrations measured at the steady state > 750 ng/mL ( p   =   0.005). The toxicity rate was 25% and 14.3% for patients with minimum plasma concentrations measured at the steady state > 1500 ng/mL and minimum plasma concentrations measured at the steady state ≤1500 ng/mL, respectively ( p  =  0.66). Conclusions The present study aims to describe the correlation between the toxicity and effectiveness of imatinib as a function of minimum plasma concentrations measured at the steady state under routine clinical practice conditions. The results described here show the usefulness of imatinib plasma concentrations monitoring as part of the standard daily routine in our hospitals.
Association Between Abdominal Adipose Tissue Distribution and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Wang Zhongyu , Jia Xiaoxuan , Zhou Rong , Wang Jianliu 
Published: December 2022

Background: Obesity contributes to endometrial cancer (EC). However, it is not clear whether the distribution of adipose tissue affects the occurrence of endometrial carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between abdominal adipose tissue distribution and EC. Methods: We designed a case-control study with 115 women with EC and a control group. The total abdominal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by single slice computerized tomography at the level of umbilicus. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of EC associated with adipose tissue distribution. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between adipose tissue distribution and clinicopathologic features of endometrial carcinoma. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that a larger visceral adipose tissue ratio was associated with an increased risk of EC after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and diabetes (OR = 1.046, 95% confidence interval = [1.008-1.079]). The ratio of International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage I and type I EC was higher in EC patients with larger visceral adipose tissue (84.5% vs 63.2%, P = .009; 91.4% vs 75.4%, P = .021). There was a higher positive ratio of progesterone receptor in EC patients with a larger subcutaneous adipose tissue area (91.2% vs 77.6%; P = .044). Conclusions: Higher visceral adipose tissue ratio, independent of BMI, was associated with an increased risk of EC. Therefore, this study demonstrated that women with normal BMI, but abnormal abdominal adipose tissue distribution, have an increased risk for EC.
Pharmacologic methods to minimise coughing during extubation in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Chabot Katherine , Yang Stephen Su 
Published: December 2022

Background/aim: Given the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, coughing at the time of extubation is at risk of creating aerosolisation. This may place health care workers at risk of nosocomial infection during the perioperative period. This study aims to summarise the current pharmacologic methods to minimise cough at the time of extubation, and to determine whether some strategies could be more beneficial than others. Methods: This is a summary of systematic reviews. A comprehensive search through MEDLINE was performed. Thirty-three publications were screened for eligibility. Only the manuscripts discussing pharmacologic methods to minimise coughing on extubation were included in this review. Findings: Many pharmacological agents have been proposed to decrease the incidence of cough at the time of extubation. Of these, intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine (relative risk 0.4; 95% CI: 0.4–0.5) or remifentanil (RR 0.4; 95% CI: 0.4–0.5) seems to have the largest effect to reduce cough on extubation. Conclusion: The available data in the current literature is sparse. Yet, dexmedetomidine and remifentanil seem to be the most efficient agents to decrease the incidence of emergence coughing.
Nurses Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dakka Falah Jamal 
Published: December 2022

Background Research shows low evidence-based practice (EBP) uptake among palliative care nurses, a global concern because the demand for palliative care services is rising, raising the urgent need to improve healthcare quality. Promoting EBP uptake in palliative care can improve healthcare quality. This systematic review investigated nurses’ barriers to EBP implementation in palliative care. Methods PubMed, MEDLINE, CINHAL, and Google Scholar were used to identify seven articles. Articles were included for review if they were published within the past 10 years (English only) and investigated barriers to EBP implementation in palliative care. Results Four barriers were identified: (a) time and resource constraints, (b) lack of readiness for organizational change, (c) negative attitudes toward palliative care, and (d) process-specific difficulties. Conclusion This systematic review's findings can inform policy changes to improve the uptake of EBP in palliative care.
Worsening premature death burden gap from systemic sclerosis in men and black persons: A US nationwide population-based study
Authors: Singh Ram Raj , Singh Devanshu R , Yen Eric Y 
Published: December 2022

Objective: Male sex and black race incur poor prognosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). There is no nationwide population-based assessment of premature SSc death burden by sex and race. Methods: This is a population-based study comprising all recorded SSc deaths across the United States. We constructed histograms depicting the number of SSc deaths for each age by sex and race, and calculated the cumulative percent death at each age and the median age of death. We determined the odds ratios for the risk of premature death from SSc by sex and race. We then calculated the percent of total SSc deaths for different age groups by sex and race from 1970 to 2015. We performed chi-square test with Yates’s correction and quantified the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The median age of SSc death was 63 years in males versus 68 years in females, and 57 years in blacks versus 70 years in whites. The odds for SSc death before 65 years age was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.6–2.0) for males compared with females and 5.1 (95% CI, 4.4–6.0) for blacks compared with whites. The higher odds for premature death in males than in females was similar for both races. Differences in the proportions of premature deaths from 1970 to 2015 increased between males and females (−5% to 17%) and between blacks and whites (14% to 36%). Conclusion: Males and black persons die of SSc at younger ages. The worsening premature death burden gap between the two sexes and races over the last five decades is troublesome.