bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing brain glucose uptake by Gypenoside LXXV ameliorates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of diabetic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Meng Xiangbao , Zhang Yuan , Li Zongyang , Ma Guoxu , Zhang Xiejun , Zhang Di , Cao Weiwei , Wang Sicen , Cai Qian , Cui Ping , Huang Guodong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have previously reported that Gypenoside LXXV (GP‐75), a novel natural PPARγ agonist isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, ameliorated cognitive deficits in db/db mice. In this study, we further investigated the beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice and a mouse model of diabetic AD (APP/PS1xdb/db mice). Interestingly, intragastric administration of GP‐75 (40 mg/kg/day) for 3 months significantly attenuated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. GP‐75 treatment markedly reduced the levels of glucose, HbA1c and insulin in serum and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Notably, GP‐75 treatment decreased the β‐amyloid (Aβ) burden, as measured by 11C‐PIB PET imaging. Importantly, GP‐75 treatment increased brain glucose uptake as measured by 18F‐FDG PET imaging. Moreover, GP‐75 treatment upregulated PPARγ and increased phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) and GLUT4 expression levels but decreased phosphorylation of IRS‐1 (Ser616) in the hippocampi of both APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice. Furthermore, GP‐75‐induced increases in GLUT4 membrane translocation in primary hippocampal neurons from APP/PS1xdb/db mice was abolished by cotreatment with the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662 or the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. In summary, GP‐75 ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and APP/PS1xdb/db mice by enhancing glucose uptake via activation of the PPARγ/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathways.
Design of Dual Purpose Fe‐metallogel for Magnetic Refrigeration and Fabrication of Schottky Barrier Diode
Authors: Saha Sayan , Pal Baisakhi , Sundar Das Krishna , Kumar Ghose Pradeepta , Ghosh Avik , De Avik , Kumar Das Abhijit , Pratim Ray Partha , Mondal Raju 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe impetus for the present work was to design multifunctional inorganic materials that can be utilized in their original as‐synthesized state of the matter. Accordingly, we have successfully designed a benzene‐tricarboxylic acid based dual‐purpose Fe‐metallogel that can be used as an efficient material for cryogenic magnetic cooling as well as electronic device fabrication as Schottky barrier diode in their original gel state. The metallogel shows remarkable mechanical strength, self‐sustainability and thixotropic behaviour. The gel sample has been thoroughly characterized using IR, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, AFM techniques, XPS and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The porous nature, which forms the basis of the current gel based MCE study and SBD fabrication, was confirmed with gas sorption data. The porous metallogel network with by‐default entrapped anion and protic solvents of the fabricated electrical device provides an excellent platform for charge transportation with a corroborating conductivity value of 4.53×10−6 Sm−1. As if to complement the notion of multifunctional material, the magnetic studies on the Fe‐gel show significant cryogenic magnetic cooling behaviour. The theoretical result calculated using DFT are found to be highly consistent with the experimental results of the metallogel. Furthermore, we have evaluated the potential of the compound as a fuel cell membrane with detailed proton conductivity measurements on the xerogel, showing an encouraging value of 4.58×10−4 S/cmat 95 % relative humidity and 75 °C temperature.
Getting crafty: Examining social resource crafting's relationship with work engagement and social support
Authors: Watson Gwendolyn Paige , Sinclair Robert R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSocial resource crafting is a job crafting strategy in which employees proactively increase their social resources (e.g., feedback from coworkers, coaching from supervisor). We examined social resource crafting's relationships with work‐related social support (perceived supervisor and coworker support) and work engagement. Specifically, as there has been growing interest in understanding resource crafting and work engagement, we investigated the directionality of this relationship. Using a two‐wave study and structural equation modelling, we tested the dual pathways between resource crafting and work engagement as well as resource crafting's relationship with each type of support. The results suggested social resource crafting was associated with higher levels of coworker support—but not supervisor support ‐ over time and supported a unidirectional path from social resource crafting to work engagement. Our findings provide valuable insight into the power employees have to craft their own positive experiences at work.
In Situ Growth of CoP Nanosheet Arrays on Carbon Cloth as Binder‐Free Electrode for High‐Performance Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yang , Xia Jun , Guan Xianggang , Wei Ziwei , Yu Jiayu , Zhang Shichao , Xing Yalan , Yang Puheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCobalt phosphide (CoP) is considered as one of the most promising candidates for anode in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its low‐cost, abundant availability, and high theoretical capacity. However, problems of low conductivity, heavy aggregation, and volume change of CoP, hinder its practical applicability. In this study, a binder‐free electrode is successfully prepared by growing CoP nanosheets arrays directly on a carbon cloth (CC) via a facile one‐step electrodeposition followed by an in situ phosphorization strategy. The CoP@CC anode exhibits good interfacial bonding between the CoP and CC, which can improve the conductivity of the integrated electrode. More importantly, the 3D network structure composed of CoP nanosheets and CC provides sufficient space to alleviate the volume expansion of CoP and shorten the electron/ion transport paths. Moreover, the support of CC effectively prevents the agglomeration of CoP. Based on these advantages, when CoP@CC is paired with the NCM523 cathode, the full cell delivers a high discharge capacity 919.6 mAh g−1 (2.1 mAh cm−2) after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. The feasibility and safety of producing pouch cells are also explored, which show good flexibility and safety despite rigorous strikes (mechanical damage and severe deformations), implying a great potential for practical applications.
Effect of reinforcing and crack width on the vibration damping capacity of rubberized concrete beams
Authors: Liu Royce , Palermo Alessandro , Chiaro Gabriele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe damping of simply supported rubberized concrete beams was measured and compared against conventional concrete beams in their uncracked and cracked states. The variables controlled were: rubber content (10% and 20% by total volume of aggregates replaced), reinforcing content, axial load, and damage state. Impact hammer‐induced free‐vibration was used to excite the specimens and quasi‐static four‐point bending used to damage the beams. Rubberized concrete displayed a measurable increase in damping relative to ordinary concrete in both the uncracked and cracked states. It was found that reinforcing appears to reduce the damping of all beam specimens in their undamaged state compared to unreinforced counterparts. No relationship was found between reinforcing ratio and damping. For crack widths up to 0.1 mm a non‐linear monotonic increase in damping was observed. Damping measured throughout the entire pushover response of the beams was found to follow a skewed‐shaped bell curve. Compressive axial load was found to reduce the damping of the beams. The shape of the free vibration decay envelopes was examined. Rubber was found to make the damping response more viscous‐like. Whilst reinforcing made the shapes of the decay curves more similar between beams made of different concrete types. No clear evidence for friction damping due to cracking was found. For all beams, based on the free‐vibration response, it was found that the damping exhibited by both plain and reinforced concrete is not a true exponential decay curve. This means that the damping calculated by the logarithmic decrement method will depend on the choice of interval selected. A method for standardizing the implementation of the logarithmic decay method to avoid arbitrary choices of intervals and allow for fairer cross‐study comparison of damping values was therefore proposed.
Single‐cell/nanoparticle trajectories reveal two‐tier Lévy‐like interactions across bacterial swarms
Authors: Sang Yuqian , Wen Xiaodong , He Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSwarming bacteria can organize themselves into different local communities, ranging from active cell rafts to reticular biofilms. How millions of motile and immotile cells are dynamically linked together and still function as a whole is a critical interdisciplinary issue. Besides biochemical and molecular characterizations, concerns on the microscopic communication mechanisms underlying the complicated microsystem have been largely simplified to biophysics or physical interactions between individual isolated bacteria. Herein, by single‐cell tracking of fluorescent bacteria in the motile cell layer and single‐particle tracking of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the upper fluid layer in different regions across a swarming colony of Bacillus subtilis, we studied collective multibacteria interactions, using the upper fluid as the medium, in detail. While the dynamic properties differ spatially, both cell migrations and AuNP transports in the swarming edge, the intermediate and the biofilm‐like center regions of the colony can be described with the Lévy‐walk‐like superdiffusion model. Moreover, the speed and motion range of the AuNPs are always much smaller than the bacteria, indicating that the intercellular fluid flow alone cannot explain long‐range cell‐to‐cell signaling. Referring to previous literature, we propose the presence of a decentralized two‐tier “active‐mixing” network in the bacterial community for efficient information exchange.
The Challenges of Artificial Judicial Decision-Making for Liberal Democracy
Authors: Winter Christoph K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) to judicial decision-making has already begun in many jurisdictions around the world. While AI seems to promise greater fairness, access to justice, and legal certainty, issues of discrimination and transparency have emerged and put liberal democratic principles under pressure, most notably in the context of bail decisions. Despite this, there has been no systematic analysis of the risks to liberal democratic values from implementing AI into judicial decision-making. This article sets out to fill this void by identifying and engaging with challenges arising from artificial judicial decision-making, focusing on three pillars of liberal democracy, namely equal treatment of citizens, transparency, and judicial independence. Methodologically, the work takes a comparative perspective between human and artificial decision-making, using the former as a normative benchmark to evaluate the latter.The chapter first argues that AI that would improve on equal treatment of citizens has already been developed, but not yet adopted. Second, while the lack of transparency in AI decision-making poses severe risks which ought to be addressed, AI can also increase the transparency of options and trade-offs that policy makers face when considering the consequences of artificial judicial decision-making. Suchtransparency of optionsoffers tremendous benefits from a democratic perspective. Third, the overall shift of power from human intuition to advanced AI may threaten judicial independence, and with it the separation of powers. While improvements regarding discrimination and transparency are available or on the horizon, it remains unclear how judicial independence can be protected, especially with the potential development of advanced artificial judicial intelligence (AAJI). Working out the political and legal infrastructure to reap the fruits of artificial judicial intelligence in a safe and stable manner should become a priority of future research in this area.
Contemporary Urban Heterotopias: From Fiction to Reality
Authors: Cotsaftis Olivier 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe year is now 2021 and more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. But while some are privileged enough to turn a blind eye to the realities of our contemporary world, over a billion are currently living in urban poverty, suffering the consequences of poor housing quality and lack of safe and readily accessible goods and services. Needless to say, all of us are also at the mercy of our unsustainable ways of life. Amidst the dysphoria, however, we must remind ourselves that cities always have been places of cultural and social innovation. From bygone settlements to Arcosanti—an experimental city built on the values of community and environmental accountability—precedents about the alternative are aplenty. What will the equitable and regenerative city of tomorrow look and feel like? How will it function? And how will it succeed? Through developing an understanding of topias and their symbiotic relationship with humanity, this chapter proposes both a vision and an approach towards designing cities suited to twenty-first-century narratives.
Speculations on Time and Space: Or Zeno’s Last Stand
Authors: Doel Marcus A. , Clarke David B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne must speculate within reason, since reason is what extends speculation its line of credit and judges its worth. Consequently, speculation makes a faux pas (false step) when it tries to step beyond or outpace what reason and logic dictate. Speculation must submit itself to all of the correctional facilities that reason has at its disposal for dealing with errant, deviant, and vagrant thoughts. In this context, the paradoxes of Zeno of Elea—‘The Dichotomy,’ ‘Achilles and the Tortoise,’ ‘The Arrow,’ and ‘The Stadium’—have kept philosophers and mathematicians puzzling for over two-and-a-half millennia, and they continue to outstep, outpace, and outsmart both reason and logic. The chapter takes up these immortal paradoxes, as Jorges Luis Borges once called them, in order to argue for the ideality of space and time and the hallucinatory nature of the world. Following in the footsteps of late nineteenth-century and early twentieth century British idealism, especially those of Francis Herbert Bradley (1846–1924) and John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart (1866– 1925), with their particular impression of unreality, Zeno’s paradoxes lead us to the inexplicable nature of reality, and signal the ineluctability of a missed encounter with the real.
Brill-Noether-general limit root bundles: absence of vector-like exotics in F-theory Standard Models
Authors: Bies Martin , Cvetič Mirjam , Donagi Ron , Ong Marielle 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Root bundles appear prominently in studies of vector-like spectra of 4d F-theory compactifications. Of particular importance to phenomenology are the Quadrillion F-theory Standard Models (F-theory QSMs). In this work, we analyze a superset of the physical root bundles whose cohomologies encode the vector-like spectra for the matter representations (3,2)1/6, ($$ \overline{\textbf{3}} $$

3
¯

,1)−2/3 and (1,1)1. For the family B3($$ {\Delta }_4^{{}^{\circ}} $$

∆
4
°

) consisting of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1011) F-theory QSM geometries, we argue that more than 99.995% of the roots in this superset have no vector-like exotics. This indicates that absence of vector-like exotics in those representations is a very likely scenario in the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1011) QSM geometries B3($$ {\Delta }_4^{{}^{\circ}} $$

∆
4
°

).The QSM geometries come in families of toric 3-folds B3(∆°) obtained from triangulations of certain 3-dimensional polytopes ∆°. The matter curves in XΣ ∈ B3(∆°) can be deformed to nodal curves which are the same for all spaces in B3(∆°). Therefore, one can probe the vector-like spectra on the entire family B3(∆°) from studies of a few nodal curves. We compute the cohomologies of all limit roots on these nodal curves.In our applications, for the majority of limit roots the cohomologies are determined by line bundle cohomology on rational tree-like curves. For this, we present a computer algorithm. The remaining limit roots, corresponding to circuit-like graphs, are handled by hand. The cohomologies are independent of the relative position of the nodes, except for a few circuits. On these jumping circuits, line bundle cohomologies can jump if nodes are specially aligned. This mirrors classical Brill-Noether jumps. B3($$ {\Delta }_4^{{}^{\circ}} $$

∆
4
°

) admits a jumping circuit, but the root bundle constraints pick the canonical bundle and no jump happens.
Scalar leptoquarks at the LHC and flavour anomalies: a comparison of pair-production modes at NLO-QCD
Authors: Borschensky Christoph , Fuks Benjamin , Jueid Adil , Kulesza Anna 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We analyse scalar leptoquark pair production at the LHC with predictions including t-channel lepton exchange contributions up to next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD. In particular, we calculate NLO-QCD predictions for off-diagonal production channels, i.e. channels that involve two different leptoquark eigenstates and are driven solely by diagrams involving Standard Model leptons in the t-channel at leading order, as opposed to diagonal channels where a pair of the same leptoquark eigenstate is produced. We find that reliable theoretical predictions for both channels require NLO accuracy. The relative importance of the off-diagonal modes depends strongly on the considered scenario. In a generic model involving R2 and S3 leptoquarks, at large values of the Yukawa couplings off-diagonal contributions initiated by valence quarks can be up to an order of magnitude higher than the diagonal production. However, we also find that in phenomenologically viable scenarios addressing the flavour anomalies off-diagonal production is generally negligible, with a few exceptions of 10%–30% of the total rate depending on the treatment of the charm density in the proton.
Island on codimension-two branes in AdS/dCFT
Authors: Hu Peng-Ju , Li Dongqi , Miao Rong-Xin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The previous studies of the island and double holography mainly focus on codimension-one branes. This paper explores the island on the codimension-two brane in AdS/dCFT. The codimension-two brane is closely related to conical singularity, which is very different from the codimension-one brane. We analyze the mass spectrum of gravitons on the codimension-two brane and find that the larger the brane tension is, the smaller the gravitational mass is. The massless mode is forbidden by either the boundary or normalization conditions. We prove that the first massive gravitational mode is located on the codimension-two brane; the larger the tension, the better the localization. It is similar to the case of codimension-one brane and builds an excellent physical foundation for the study of black hole evolution on codimension-two branes. We find that the Page curve of eternal black holes can be recovered due to the island ending on the codimension-two brane. The new feature is that the extremal surface passing the horizon cannot be defined after some finite time in the no-island phase. Fortunately, this unusual situation does not affect the Page curve since it happens after Page time.
Magnetic quivers and negatively charged branes
Authors: Hanany Amihay , Sperling Marcus 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Higgs branches of the world-volume theories for multiple M5 branes on an Ak or Dk-type ALE space are known to host a variety of fascinating properties, such as the small E8 instanton transition or the discrete gauging phenomena. This setup can be further enriched by the inclusion of boundary conditions, which take the form of SU(k) or SO(2k) partitions, respectively. Unlike the A-type case, D-type boundary conditions are eventually accompanied by negative brane numbers in the Type IIA brane realisation. While this may seem discouraging at first, we demonstrate that these setups are well-suited to analyse the Higgs branches via magnetic quivers. Along the way, we encounter multiple models with previously neglected Higgs branches that exhibit exciting physics and novel geometric realisations. Nilpotent orbits, Słodowy slices, and symmetric products.
Joint EANM/SNMMI guideline on radiomics in nuclear medicine
Authors: Hatt M. , Krizsan A. K. , Rahmim A. , Bradshaw T. J. , Costa P. F. , Forgacs A. , Seifert R. , Zwanenburg A. , El Naqa I. , Kinahan P. E. , Tixier F. , Jha A. K. , Visvikis D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this guideline is to provide comprehensive information on best practices for robust radiomics analyses for both hand-crafted and deep learning-based approaches.

Methods
In a cooperative effort between the EANM and SNMMI, we agreed upon current best practices and recommendations for relevant aspects of radiomics analyses, including study design, quality assurance, data collection, impact of acquisition and reconstruction, detection and segmentation, feature standardization and implementation, as well as appropriate modelling schemes, model evaluation, and interpretation. We also offer an outlook for future perspectives.

Conclusion
Radiomics is a very quickly evolving field of research. The present guideline focused on established findings as well as recommendations based on the state of the art. Though this guideline recognizes both hand-crafted and deep learning-based radiomics approaches, it primarily focuses on the former as this field is more mature. This guideline will be updated once more studies and results have contributed to improved consensus regarding the application of deep learning methods for radiomics. Although methodological recommendations in the present document are valid for most medical image modalities, we focus here on nuclear medicine, and specific recommendations when necessary are made for PET/CT, PET/MR, and quantitative SPECT.