bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania
Authors: Mavura Rehema A. , Nyaki Ahmed Y. , Leyaro Beatrice J. , Mamseri Redempta , George Johnston , Ngocho James S. , Mboya Innocent B. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Substance use among school-going adolescents increases the risk of developing mental disorders, addiction, and substance use disorders. These may lead to poor academic performance and reduced productivity, which affects adolescent lives. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.

Methodology
The study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 10–19 years from public secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro Region, northern Tanzania. Substance use was measured using the Global School Health Survey (GSHS) questionnaire. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages, while numerical variables used mean and standard deviation. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine risk factors associated with lifetime and current (within the past 30 days preceding the survey) substance use.

Results
The lifetime and current prevalence of substance use among 3224 adolescents was 19.7% and 12.8%, respectively, while alcohol and cigarettes were commonly used. Female adolescents had lower odds of current substance use (OR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.50–0.80). Higher odds of current substance use were among adolescents who have ever had sex (OR = 4.31, 95%CI 3.25–5.71), ever engaged in a physical fight (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.73–2.78), ever been bullied (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.16–2.05), always seen alcohol advertisements (OR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.37–2.53), and adolescents whose parent/guardians rarely understood their problems (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03–1.85). Adolescents whose classmates always showed social support had lower odds of current substance use (AOR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.53–0.97). Similar factors were associated with lifetime substance users.

Conclusion
The study reflects a high prevalence of substance use among adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region. Alcohol and cigarette are the most prevalent substances used. Regulatory measures are essential to limit alcohol advertisements that are media portrayed. Efforts are needed to reduce risk behaviors, such as physical violence and bullying, through peer support groups/clubs in school environments.
Pueblos indígenas en Argentina. Marco legal vigente y su aplicación en torno a los procesos de organización etnopolítica y resistencia
Authors: Varisco Sofia , Engelman Juan 
Published: September 2022

Argentina es un país ubicado en el sur del continente americano y en la actualidad habitan más de 40 pueblos originarios que suman aproximadamente 1 millón de miembros (sobre una población total de 45 millones). El avance de los derechos indígenas a nivel mundial, ha generado mayor conciencia y legitimidad sobre los reclamos y las denuncias de su criminalización y expoliación. El presente escrito aporta, desde la perspectiva de la Antropología Social, un conjunto de datos sobre las principales normativas vigentes en el ámbito internacional y en Argentina. Lo cual nos permitirá pensar la contradicción entre el reconocimiento formal de los derechos y su efectiva -o no- concreción. Dicha reflexión la llevaremos adelante mediante la descripción de dos experiencias de trabajo con pueblos indígenas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, uno centrado en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA) y el otro en la localidad de Carhué.
PERTIMBANGAN HUKUM HAKIM DALAM PENETAPAN DISMISSAL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN TATA USAHA NEGARA YANG BERASAL DARI BADAN PERADILAN
Authors: Muhajir Ichsan , Sa’adah Nabitatus 
Published: September 2022

Negara hukum dalam perkembangannya menuntut adanya perkembangan peradilan administrasi sehingga Indonesia membentuk Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN). Hukum Acara PTUN mengenal adanya penetapan dismissal oleh Ketua Pengadilan yang bertujuan untuk menentukan Kompetensi Absolut PTUN.Penelitian inian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim dalam Penetapan Dismissal Terhadap KTUN Yang Berasal Dari Badan Peradilan dan menganalisis upaya hukum dari adanya penetapan dismissal yang ditetapkan oleh Ketua PTUN Semarang. Metode pendekatan penelitian yang dipakai adalah. pendekatan doktrinal terhadap hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penetapan Dismissal Terhadap KTUN Yang Berasal Dari Badan Peradilan tidak dapat dikatakan sebagai KTUN karena hal ini sesuai dengan amanat Pasal 2 huruf e UU PTUN. Upaya hukum dari adanya penetapan dismissal yang ditetapkan oleh Ketua PTUN Semarang yaitu penggugat dapat melakukan upaya hukum berupa perlawanan terhadap penetapan dismissal Ketua PTUN Semarang.
The Constitutionality of Outsourcing Job Regulation in the Law on Job Creation
Authors: Sisinaru Sostones Y , Harijanti Susi Dwi 
Published: September 2022

Government policy to adopt the idea of “omnibus law” through the forming of Job Creation Law aims to simplify investment and to fix regulations in Indonesia. Job creation Law consists of 11 clusters. One of the clusters regulates manpower mainly concerning Outsourcing Minimum Wage and termination of employment. This policy has potential to bring disadvantages to the interest of the workers and leads to protest by workers/labors. This study aims to investigate political direction of job Creation Law and question the constitutionality of the regulations of outsourcing work in Job Creation Law. Research method of this study was normative, meaning that by using legislation and conceptual approach to perform qualitative analysis. The result and Discussion of this study concludes that political direction of Job creation Law is still authoritarian politics so that resulting in Law that is conservative because the discussion about the Law did not involve the people participation. Moreover, the material formulation of outsourcing in Job Creation Bill has not aligned with the mandate of Supreme Court decision No 27/PUU-IX/2011.
The Implication of Sea-level Rise Toward the Small Island Nation of Maldives: Legal Perspective
Authors: Hananto Pulung Widhi Hari , Trihastuti Nanik , Basir Salawati Mat , Prananda Rahandy Rizki , Rizki Dzulfiki Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

Climate change has always been a major issue and a long discussion in the international community. One of the tangible manifestations of climate change is rising sea levels. Sea level rise also has a significant impact on small island countries or micro-countries which are geographically small and have very low land elevations. The impact of sea level rise will pose a threat that is quite dangerous for the existence of a small island nation like the Maldives. This article applies normative legal research methods using a conceptual approach, cases and regulations. This study aims to examine the implications of sea level rise on the Maldives perspective and provide options in the form of legal construction to solve this problem. This research found that The UNCLOS does not provide explicit reference against the sea-level rise effected by climate change. However, International community have been making progress to address this issue with a numbers of conferences. This study suggest that The Maldives government should have maximized the implementation of its laws and regulation to mitigate air space pollution coming from GHG Emission. The consistency of its implementation is the important key to mitigate the impact of this sea level rises.
The Implementation of Land Waqf Law in Indonesia and Malaysia as a Stage to Land Waqf Law Reform in Indonesia: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hakimah Asma , Marom Ruzian , Islamiyati Islamiyati , Musyafah Aisyah Ayu , Budiman Achmad Arief 
Published: September 2022

Legal problems in the implementation of land waqf in the community are found in; wakif, status of waqf land, nadzir, wakif heirs, nadzir heirs, and land waqf institutions. Therefore, it is very important to conduct a research on A Comparative Study on the Implementation of Land Waqf Law in Indonesia and Malaysia as a Stage to Land Waqf Law Reform in Indonesia to analyze land waqf practices in Indonesia and Malaysia, then to compare and identify their similarities and differences. This research can provide ideas for the government in updating the land waqf law. This study used a comparative approach. The research data include primary and secondary data. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that there are some similarities of land waqf practices in Indonesia and Malaysia. These similarities are found in terms of ; its legal basis; forms of wakif and nadzir; as well as the position of the land waqf witness. Meanwhile, the difference lies in; land waqf management practices; government policy on waqf institutions; allotment, term, and settlement of land waqf disputes. By comparing Malaysian and Indonesia land waqf law practices, Indonesia can renew the land waqf law on the aspects of its legal rules and legal institutions.
Industrial challenges for AI systems engineering
Authors: Sawilla Ingo , Weber Christian , Schmidt Benedikt , Ulrich Marco 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntegration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods into industrial systems engineering processes is challenging. Despite an increasing body of knowledge on AI techniques and impressive state-of-the-art reports, the application of AI in industrial contexts is only at an early stage. This paper summarizes challenges for AI Systems Engineering. Two examples of AI systems engineering are provided: the TRUMPF Sorting Guide and ABB BatchInsight. Summaries of the projects give insights into the project executions and related challenges. The learnings from these projects also show that increased maturity of AI systems engineering can be expected from increased method competence and adjusted project setups. Here guidelines and best practices for AI systems engineering can support.
The Kv10.1 voltage-gated ion channel modeling based on control system theory
Authors: Lozanović Šajić Jasmina , Langthaler Sonja , Baumgartner Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present a control system theory based modeling approach for the voltage-gated ion-channel Kv10.1 at different temperatures. Kv10.1 is expressed in the central nervous system and the brain of healthy humans. The study of the activity of this ion channel is important, because its activity is associated with the occurrence of cancer in different organs or tissues. According to systems and control theory, the voltage-gated channel Kv10.1 was assumed to be a linear time-invariant system and, as such, exhibits dynamic behavior. The experimental results show that Kv10.1 operates as a first-order model based on the input voltage step protocol and the measured macroscopic ion current output.
Assessment of accuracy and glycemic control of FGM and CGM and impact on mental well-being
Authors: Gesslbauer Manuel , Koehler Gerd , Baumgartner Christian , Lozanović Šajić Jasmina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The incidence of diabetes is increasing globally. Short and long-term effects of diabetes can negatively affect the lives of a person and their relatives. A good glycaemic control is important. Compared to conventional blood glucose measurement with capillary blood, which is obtained by finger pricking, it is now possible to continuously measure glucose using sensors that are placed in the subcutaneous tissue and remain there for several days to weeks. This means that the "tissue sugar" and not the blood sugar directly is determined. For this reason, it is important to determine the accuracy of these sensors. Furthermore, such systems can influence not only the physical but also the psychological/mental health of people with diabetes and their relatives. Reimbursement of sensors differs in Europe. This overview is based on the Austrian health care system.
Impact of the fiber cutting angle on fiber optic proximity sensors in endoscopy
Authors: Giacoppo Giuliano A. , Schunter Lena , Pott Peter P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In current endoscopes, the estimation of the proximity to the surrounding tissue is based on the experience of the user. To provide precise proximity meassurement, a suitable sensor is needed. This paper presents a fiber optic proximity sensor that is inserted through the working channel of an endoscope. The impact of the fiber cutting angle at the distal end of the optical fiber is investigated. If the fiber is cut at a 3° angle to the optical axis, the measurement signal in axial direction can be increased by 126mV at the peak (measurement accuray 4.9 mV). A 45° fiber cutting angle allows radial measurement but with a weak measurement signal compared to an axial measurement. A distance between endoscope tip and intestine wall up to 15 mm can be measured. In conclusion, optical fibers can be used to insert a low-cost sensor through a working channel of an endoscope. By modifying the fiber cutting angle, an increased sensor signal can be obtained in the axial direction and a measurement in radial direction is possible.
Blood Pressure Estimation based on Electrocardiograms
Authors: Wuerich Carolin , Wichum Felix , El-Kadri Omar , Ghantawi Kusay , Grewal Navraj , Wiede Christian , Seidl Karsten 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To overcome limitations of currently used blood pressure measurement devices in accuracy, continuity and comfort, we propose an approach for blood pressure estimation from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals only. Thereby, statistical signal features are extracted from the ECG which, eventually, serve as input to a random forest regression. The method is trained and tested on MIMIC III waveform data with a large range of blood pressure values. It obtains a mean absolute error ± standard deviation of 3.73 ± 5.19 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and 5.92 ± 7.23 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP), with Pearson coefficients ΥDBP=0.92 and ΥSBP=0.91 respectively.
Fragmentation thresholds simulated for antibubbles with various infinitesimal elastic shells
Authors: Anderton Nicole , Postema Michiel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Antibubbles are small gas bubbles comprising one or multiple liquid or solid cores, typically surrounded by stabilising shells. Acoustically active microscopic antibubbles have been proposed for use as theranostic agents. For clinical applications such as ultrasound-guided drug delivery and flash-echo, it is relevant to know the fragmentation threshold of antibubbles and the influence of the stabilising shells thereon. For antibubbles with an infinitesimal frictionless elastic shell of constant surface tension, we simulated ultrasoundassisted fragmentation by computing radial pulsation as a function of time using an adapted Rayleigh-Plesset equation, and converting the solutions to time-variant kinetic energy of the shell and time-variant surface energy deficit. By repetition over a range of pressure amplitudes, fragmentation thresholds were found for antibubbles of varying size, core volume, shell stiffness, and driving frequency. As backscattering increases with scatterer size, and as drug delivery would require vehicles just small enough to pass through capillaries with a relatively large payload, we chose to present typical results for antibubbles of resting diameter 6 μm with a 90% incompressible core. At a driving frequency of 13 MHz, the fragmentation threshold was found to correspond to a mechanical indices less than 0.4, irrespective of shell stiffness. This mechanical index is not considered unsafe in diagnosis. That means that antibubbles acting as drug-carrying vehicles could release their payload under diagnostic conditions.
Temperature-induced modulation of the electrophysiological behavior of A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Langthaler Sonja , Rienmüller Theresa , Lozanović Šajić Jasmina , Baumgartner Christian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cancer cells typically exhibit altered ion channel expression and membrane potential, wich plays an important role in various processes such as proliferation or apoptosis Hence, therapeutic strategies that modulate ion channel activity or shift the membrane potential prove to be promising for cancer therapy. Since temperature significantly affects ion channel function, deviation from normal body temperture might provide akey factor in electrophysiological progression. In this pilot study, we focused on a first insight into the temperature-induced modulation of A549 cells using an automated patch clamp system. Measurements of 14 cells at hypo-, normo- and hypertermia were accomplished to investigate the temperature-dependent electophysiological behavior. The results revealed that both, temperatures below and above normal body temperature affect the current and potential of A549 cells. In hyperthermia the potential tends to more hyperpolarized values, while conversely, in hypothermic conditions we observer mainly a lower current reponse and thus a depolarization of the membrane potential.
Experimental setup for the ultrasonic fractionation of flowing whole blood in a capillary
Authors: Smalberger Charl , Nathan Malavika , Rubin David M. , Nel Marietha , Kotopoulis Spiros , Carlson Craig S. , Postema Michiel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
If a long ultrasound driving pulse is chosen such, that its frequency is greater than the resonance frequency of one cell type and less than the resonance frequency of another cell type, the cells are separated in different nodes and antinodes of the standing sound field. The purpose of this study was to build an experimental setup for the ultrasonic fractionation of whole blood in flow conditions. Blood fractionation is the separation of whole blood into its separate components, commonly used for analysis and transfusions. The experimental setup comprised a container with singleelement ultrasound transducers customisable in elevation and azimuth, focussed on a capillary through which blood was flowing. The acoustic focus coincided with the optical focus of a microscopic system to which a high-speed camera was attached. Ultrasound transducers were used with centre frequencies between 1MHz and 20MHz and with pressure amplitudes less than 1MPa. The duty cycle was greater than 10% in all experiments. The field of view was 0.2×0.2mm2. The optical resolution and camera speed allowed for visibility of red and white blood cells during flow conditions. Preliminary results show that red and white blood cells could be forced to move in opposite directions. The acoustic frequencies and pressures used were representative for those used in clinical diagnosis. We have shown that ultrasonic whole blood fractionation is feasible using ultrasound. Sonic fractionation speed might be an indicator for diseases such as malaria.
A new method for OCT Imaging of the Eustachian tube
Authors: Boese Axel , Fritzsche Holger , Paasche Gerrit , Lenarz Thomas , Schuon Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
For treatment decision of Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction, a reliable diagnosis of the reason for this dysfunction is of interest. Imaging methods like CT or MRI do not show enough details today. Endoscopy is challenging but can show at least superficial structures at the pharyngeal orifice. To look into the deeper tissue layers vascular imaging methods like IVUS and OCT were evaluated already. But these procedures are not made and certified for this application and come with risks for the patient. To overcome this issue, we propose the use of an additional closed end guide catheter that can be advanced into the ET. An OCT catheter can be placed inside without touching the patient’s tissue. In this paper we evaluate this approach on a sheep cadaver head and a human cadaver head.
Proof-of-Concept Study for Reflectance Pulse Oximetry Using Optical-Fibre-Based Sensors
Authors: Annaheim Simon , Braun Fabian , Bernhard Leah , Pfammatter Amarin , Proença Martin , Bonnier Guillaume , Ferrario Damien , Lemay Mathieu , Rossi René M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Optical fibres enable to design of new textile-based sensors for an unobtrusive, continuous, and long-term acquisition of photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. However, no research has been done about the accuracy of measuring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the feasibility of PPG-based blood pressure measurement. This proof-ofconcept study examined these aspects for a woven sensing patch applied on the forehead in five healthy participants. During a controlled desaturation study, SpO2 estimation revealed an amplitude of the root-mean-squared error (ARMS) of 3.6%, and acceptable signal quality for blood pressure estimation was achieved for 40% of all data. These results indicate that textile-based sensors can reach the required PPG signal quality to simultaneously estimate multiple vital signs, including blood pressure.
Digital Light Processing of Round Window Niche Implant Prototypes for Implantation Studies
Authors: Mau Robert , Nazir Jamal , Gao Ziwen , Alcacer Labrador Dorian , Repp Felix , John Samuel , Lenarz Thomas , Scheper Verena , Seitz Hermann , Matin-Mann Farnaz 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new approach that offers the potential for local drug delivery to the inner ear is a 3D printed, patient individualized, drug-loaded implant that precisely fits into the round window niche (RWN). Anatomically correct digital light processing (DLP) 3D printed implant prototypes are beneficial for preoperative planning and rehearsal of implantation techniques due to tactile feedback. The aim is to define desired mechanical material properties for future RWN implants. For this purpose, RWN implant prototypes (RWN-IPs) were DLP 3D printed using commercially available E-Shell 500 and E-Shell 600 materials (Envisiontec GmbH, Gladbeck, Germany) and a selfestablished PEGDA700 composition. These photopolymers are suitable for 3D printing RWN-IPs that feature different mechanical characteristics. The (1) mechanical properties (tensile test) were investigated, (2) the implantation feasibility and (3) fitting accuracy in human cadaver RWN were evaluated. As a result, E-Shell 500 has relatively high stretchability (ɛm ~ 60%) while E-Shell 600 and PEGDA700 are brittle and PEGDA700 has low strength. The E-Shell 500 material performs by far the best at handling and insertion. EShell 600 has adequate strength but is hard to handle because of rigid material behavior. PEGDA700 enables high 3D printing accuracy but lacks adequate mechanical behavior for adequate insertion of implant prototypes in RWN.