bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antibacterial and toxicological activities of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. and its major constituent Eugenol
Authors: Silva Julio Cesar , Pereira Raimundo Luiz Silva , de Freitas Thiago Sampaio , Rocha Janaína Esmeraldo , Macedo Nair Silva , Nonato Carla de Fatima Alves , Linhares Marina Leite , Tavares Daniely Sampaio Arruda , Cunha Francisco Assis Bezerra da , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , de Lima Sidney Gonçalo , Junior Francisco Nascimento Pereira , Rodrigues Fabiola Fernandes Galvão , Santos George Joaquim Garcia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct antibacterial activity, antibiotic modulation and toxicity of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. and its major compound Eugenol. The phytochemical analysis of the essential oil from leaves was investigated by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (CG-MS) and Eugenol was the major compound (63.25%). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and clinical antibiotics modulatory activities were performed using the 96-well plate microdilution methodology. Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model to assess the toxicity of the two substances. In conclusion, the eugenol and essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. showed direct antibacterial activity and associates with the tested antibiotics, which place them as promising agents against bacterial resistance. The essential oil showed less toxicity to fruit flies when compared to eugenol alone, although the results were numerically similar.
Global evidence on the potential of some Ugandan herbal medicines to mitigate antibiotic resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1996 to 2021
Authors: Walusansa Abdul , Ssenku Jamilu. E. ,   Arthur. K. Tugume1, Asiimwe Savina , Kafeero Hussein. M. , Aruhomukama Dickson , Nakavuma Jesca. L. , Kakudidi Esezah K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Diarrheal and respiratory ailments are major causes of global deaths, and are mostly escalated by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), warranting novel therapies against ARB. In Uganda, plants like C. pyrrhopappa, E. abyssinica, C. limon, M. foetida, C. flexuosus, and C. citrinus are often used to treat diarrhea and/or cough. Some of these are reported to demonstrate antibacterial properties in some countries, but the evidence is limited due to fragmented studies. We evaluated global antibacterial research on these plants, to derive practical insights, able to stimulate new thinking and inform drug development.
Methods
Electronic articles on antibacterial effects of the named plants (with a special focus on efficacy against ARB), were identified from 14 electronic databases. The eligible articles were examined using Standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Sensitive ARB to the plant-extracts, Cochran’s Q test, and heterogeneity were evaluated with MedCalcs software, using a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were examined through sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression (p < 0.05). Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s test and funnel plot asymmetry.
Results
Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 20 assessed the plants against 237 ARB invitro. C. flexuosus had the greatest efficacy (89.8%), while C. pyrrhopappa had the least (0.0%). Efficacy differences between C. flexuosus (the most efficacious species), and the rest of the plants were not significant except for M. foetida and C. pyrrhopappa (χ2, p < 0.05). The multidrug-resistant strains (resistant to at least three drug-classes), with 100% sensitivity to plant extracts included A. baumannii, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Heterogeneity was high (I2 = 86.85%), with no evidence of publication bias, hence suggesting robust results.
Conclusion
Some herbal medicines in Uganda have vast potential to avert the global antibacterial resistance menace. Their efficacy against globally circulating bacteria that are resistant to vital drugs, such as carbapenems, shows possible treatment success if these species are used in drug development. More research is desired, especially on the potential efficacy of these plants against the world’s leading strains of resistant bacteria like K. pneumoniae and E. coli. Also, in-vivo studies are recommended due to their importance in drug discovery.
A Lightweight Searchable Encryption and Delegation Mechanism with Forward Privacy for Improving the Security of Industrial Internet of Things-Cloud Systems
Authors: VENKATESAN S. , RAJESHWARI K. RAJA , RAMAKRISHNAN M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Improving the security and privacy of the industrial data stored in cloud systems is one of the demanding and challenging problem in the recent days, due to the increased utilization rate of IIoT systems. For this purpose, various lightweight cryptographic models are developed in the conventional works, which are mainly focusing on ensuring the data security against the adversaries. However, it limits with the main problems of increased computational complexity, cost complexity, and time consumption, which degrades the performance of entire system. Hence, this paper objects to design an advanced cryptography models, named as Lightweight Searchable Encryption and Delegation (LSED) methodology with forward privacy for enabling the secured data storage and retrieval operations in IIoT-cloud systems. Moreover, the searchable encryption incorporated with the forward privacy property considers that the previously stored trapdoor is invalid for the recently updated cipher data, which efficiently enhances the security of IIoT data against the adversaries. During performance evaluation, there are various evaluation metrics have been utilized for validating the results of both existing and proposed searchable encryption techniques.
Snapshot of a magnetohydrodynamic disk wind
Authors: Moscadelli Luca , Sanna Alberto , Beuther Henrik , Kuiper Rolf , Oliva Andre' 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The formation of astrophysical objects of different nature and size, from black holes to gaseous giant planets, involves a disk-jet system, where the disk drives the mass accretion onto a central compact object and the jet is a fast collimated ejection along the disk rotation axis. Magnetohydrodynamic disk winds can provide the link between mass accretion and ejection, which is essential to ensure that the excess angular momentum is removed from the system and accretion onto the central object can proceed. However, up to now, we have been lacking direct observational proof of disk winds. This work presents a direct view of the velocity field of a disk wind around a high-mass forming star. Achieving a very high spatial resolution of ~0.05~au, our water maser observations trace the velocities of individual streamlines emerging from the disk orbiting the forming star. We find that, at a low elevation above the disk midplane, the flow co-rotates with its launch point in the disk, in agreement with magneto-centrifugal acceleration where the gas is flung away along the magnetic field line anchored to the disk. Beyond the co-rotation point, the flow rises spiraling around the disk rotation axis along a helical magnetic field. Our results are, presently, the clearest evidence for a magnetohydrodynamic disk wind, and show that water masers and high-mass forming stars provide a suitable combination of tracer and environment to allow us studying the disk-wind physics.
Assessment of Occupational Injuries, Health, and Risk Faced by Stone Crushing Industry Workers
Authors: Islam Saiful , Biswas Pronob Kumar , Saha Shanta , Sayem Ahmed , Khan M. Muhshin Aziz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose
The prevalence of occupational injuries among blue-collar workers is higher in the stone quarry and crushing industries due to a larger number of high-risk activities and an iterant nature of work. These occupational injuries, in turn, caused workers' ill health and reduced working capacity, as well as death, which eventually contributed to the loss of the gross domestic product. We aimed at assessing the attributes of occupational injuries and the risk associated with the hazards that prevailed in the stone-crushing industry.
Methods
Data were collected from thirty-two stone-crushing factories using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed to show their relationship with different variables. The proposition of Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSAS 18001:1999) was used to define hazards, and the risk levels associated with the most frequent hazardous events were measured using a Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Matrix.
Results
82% of injuries were found to occur between 12:00 to 18:00 hours. Almost one-fifth of the injuries fell in major and critical severity categories, which caused the workers to be absent for a week to more than a month. Exposure to excessive dust, working without personal protective equipment, and improper lifting and handling techniques caused one-third of injuries. Wrist and hand/fingers, back and lower back, feet/toe, eye, knee, arm, neck and head, and ankle were found as most injured body parts.
Conclusion
Our finding suggests that all the significant hazards identified posed a high level of risk, which makes this industry one of the most hazardous industries.
Analysis of the Relations between Forestry Financial Supports and Forest Crimes
Authors: Sevinç Volkan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Forest crimes are among the serious threats destroying forests. To prevent the forest crimes there are various solutions proposed such as fortification of the laws, increasing the penalties, or increasing the public awareness. This article, however, aims to investigate the relations between the financial supports provided to forest villagers by the state in Turkey and the levels of various forest crime types to see whether the financial supports provided will cause any change in the forest crime levels. The study shows that, when the forest villagers are given financial supports, the levels of illegal logging, illegally expended trees, and illegal pasturage crimes decrease significantly. However, the financial supports do not affect the levels of illegal transfer of the forestry products, illegally expanding the lands into the forests, and illegal occupation of the forest areas crimes.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and associated cervical disease in an anti-retroviral setting in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Amelor Dodzi , Donkoh Emmanuel Timmy , Asmah Richard Harry , Nortey Priscilla , Oppong Samuel , Wiredu Edwin K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The vast majority of women diagnosed with HIV/AIDS are found in the Sub-Saharan African region. These women have a high chance of being infected with human papillomaviruses (HPV), which causes cervical cancer and precursor lesions. Early initiation of HAART coupled with a high HAART compliance may reduce disease burden, but in Ghana, little is known about the distribution of HPV infections and epithelial changes in this vulnerable group.
Methods
This work was carried out to establish the distribution of genital HPV genotypes among women living with HIV attending a special HIV outpatient clinic at the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital Accra, Ghana. Pap smears were performed for 538 selected women. A highly sensitive nested multiplex PCR (NMPCR) assay was conducted for the detection and typing of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. These included, 6/11, 16,18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68. Cervical smears were examined for cytologic abnormalities by two cytologists and verified by a pathologist.
Results
Coverage of HAART in this population was 84%. HPV DNA was detected in 280 out of the 538 individuals studied, 52.0% (95%CI 47.7–56.3). Out of these 129 (46.1%, 95%CI 40.1–52.1) had multiple HPV infections and 151 (53.9%, 95%CI 47.9–59.9) had single infections. The prevalence of LR HPV was 10.2% (95% CI: 11.3–17.6). while that of HR HPV was 29.7% (95% CI: 27.4–35.7). The commonest HR types were, 35 ,18 ,58 ,52 and 45 in descending order. The frequency of HPV 16 was 2.4%. Cytologically, 2.8% had ASCUS, 3.9% LGSIL and 2.8% HGSIL, none of the women was found to have atypical glandular cells or adenocarcinoma. The commonest HPV genotypes detected among women with ASCUS were HPV-18 (25% of all ASCUS cases), 52 (25% of all ASCUS cases) and 68 (25% of all ASCUS cases). Among women with LSIL most prevalent were HPV-52 (66.5% of all LSIL cases), HPV-18 (22.2% of all LSIL cases) and HPV 45 (22.2% of all LSIL cases). HPV-16, 52 and 42 were each found in 50% of all High-grade lesions., being the top three in that order for high grade intraepithelial/severe dysplasia lesions
Conclusions
There is a high burden of HPV infection in women living with HIV attending clinic at the KBTH. Given the high prevalence of HIV-HPV coinfection despite the high coverage of HAART, associated cervical lesions represent a major public health burden. These results show that currently available prophylactic vaccines have the potential to be useful in the primary prevention of HPV infections among immunocompromised women. This study also found a cross-sectional association between early age at first sex and the presence of precancerous cervical lesions. Efforts to make vaccines available to young girls before sexual debut should be prioritized along with education on safe sexual habits.
CpG ODN (K3)—Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist—Induces Th1-type Immune Response and Enhances Cytotoxic Activity in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients: A Phase I Study
Authors: Otsuka Tomoyuki , Nishida Sumiyuki , Shibahara Takayuki , Temizoz Burcu , Hamaguchi Masanari , Shiroyama Takayuki , Kimura Keiko , Miyake Kotaro , Hirata Haruhiko , Mizuno Yumiko , Yagita Mayu , Manabe Yusuke , Kuroda Etsushi , Takeda Yoshito , Kida Hiroshi , Ishii Ken J , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) (K3)—a novel synthetic single-stranded DNA immune adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy—induces a potential Th1-type immune response against cancer cells. We conducted a phase I study of CpG ODN (K3) in patients with lung cancer to assess its safety and patients’ immune responses. Methods: The primary endpoint was the proportion of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at each dose level. Secondary endpoints included safety profile, an immune response, including dynamic changes in immune cell and cytokine production, and progression-free survival (PFS). In a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design, the dosage levels for CpG ODN (K3) were 5 or 10 mg/body via subcutaneous injection and 0.2 mg/kg via intravenous administration on days 1, 8, 15, and 29. Results: Nine patients (eight non-small-cell lung cancer; one small-cell lung cancer) were enrolled. We found no DLTs at any dose level and observed no serious treatment-related adverse events. The median observation period after registration was 55 days (range: 46-181 days). Serum IFN-a2 levels, but not inflammatory cytokines, increased in six patients after the third administration of CpG ODN (K3) (mean value: from 2.67 pg/mL to 3.61 pg/mL after 24 hours). Serum IFN-g (mean value, from 9.07 pg/mL to 12.7 pg/m after 24 hours) and CXCL10 levels (mean value, from 351 pg/mL to 676 pg/mL after 24 hours) also increased in eight patients after the third administration. During the treatment course, the percentage of T-bet-expressing CD8+ T cells gradually increased (mean, 49.8% at baseline and 59.1% at day 29, p = 0.0273). Interestingly, both T-bet-expressing effector memory (mean, 52.7% at baseline and 63.7% at day 29, p = 0.0195) and terminally differentiated effector memory (mean, 82.3% at baseline and 90.0% at day 29, p = 0.0039) CD8+ T cells significantly increased. The median PFS was 398 days. Conclusions: This is the first clinical study showing that CpG ODN (K3) activated innate immunity and elicited Th1-type adaptive immune response and cytotoxic activity in cancer patients. CpG ODN (K3) was well tolerated at the dose settings tested, although the maximum tolerated dose was not determined. Trial registration: UMIN-CTR number 000023276. Registered 1 September 2016, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000026649
Attitude and Utilization of Non-Pharmacological Labor Pain Management among Obstetrics Care Providers in Harari Regional State Health Facilities, Ethiopia.
Authors: Eyeberu Addis , Debela Adera , Getachew Tamirat , Dheresa Merga , Alemu Addisu , Dessie Yadeta 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In a woman’s life, labor pain is the most severe pain that they have ever face. In Ethiopia, the provision of pain relief in labor is often neglected. Furthermore, evidence strongly urged that further research is needed on non-pharmacological labor pain management. Therefore, healthcare providers’ attitudes and utilization of non-pharmacological labor pain management need to be assessed. Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 20 to June 10, 2021, in Harari regional state health facilities, Ethiopia. All obstetric caregivers in Harari regional state health facilities were included in the study. A structured questionnaire adapted from the previous studies was used to collect data. The data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 statistical software. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS for windows version 22. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to determine the association between independent variables and the outcome variable.Result: The overall utilization of non-pharmacological labor pain relief methods was 59.3% [(95% CI (53.9,63.4)]. Three hundred five (65.5%) of the study participants had unfavorable attitudes. Females compared to males (β= -0.420; 95% CI: -0.667, -0.173), clinical experience (β= -0.201; 95% CI: -0.268, -0.134), knowledge sum score (β =0.227: 95%; CI: 0.18,0.247), and attitude sum score (β=0.376; 95% CI: 0.283, 0.47) were showed significantly association with utilization of non-pharmacological labor pain management.Conclusion: The overall utilization of non-pharmacological labor pain relief methods was relatively good compared to other studies done in Ethiopia but all women’s need for labor relief methods should not be ignored. In this study sex of the respondents, clinical experience, individual preference, attitude and knowledge were factors associated with utilization of non-pharmacological labor pain management. All stake holds need to work together to improve the attitude of health providers and to increase utilization of non-pharmacologic labor pain management.
Effect of a short-term light stress on resistance, signaling, metabolism, and cell division of Ulva prolifera revealed by omics
Authors: Gu Kai , Liu Yuling , Jiang Ting , Cai Chuner , Zhao Hui , Liu Xuanhong , He Peimin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ulva prolifera is the main species of green tide algae in the Yellow Sea, China, and its growth process is significantly affected by light intensity. The work used four omics to reveal the molecular mechanism of U. prolifera responding to high light. Four-omics conjoint analysis showed the interconversion of sugars in the algae, fatty acid synthesis, steroid synthesis, photosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. After 12 hours of high light, the photosynthetic capacity of U. prolifera increased and the carbon sequestration mode changed from C3 pathway to C4 pathway. At the same time, the glucose metabolism pathway was enhanced, but the energy metabolism pathway was weakened, and the overall energy consumption showed a decreasing trend. Different resistance modes have different response mechanisms to high light stress. In addition, the growth, development and reproduction of U. prolifera were inhibited, indicating that U. prolifera may be in a dormant state after 12 hours of hight light stress, reducing energy consumption caused by unnecessary developmental physiological processes. The response mechanism of U. prolifera to high light stress was preliminarily obtained through the combined analysis of four kinds of omics, which provided the basis for future research.
A Hybrid Strategy for Reduction in Time Consumption for Cloud Datacenter Using HMBC Algorithm
Authors: ullah ARIFULLAH , Alam Tanweer , Aziza Chakir , Sebai Dorsaf , Abualigah Laith 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Cloud technology is a utility where different hardware and software resources are accessed on pay-per-user ground base. Most of these resources are available in virtualized form and virtual machine (VM) is one of the main elements of visualization. In virtualization, a physical server changes into the virtual machine (VM) and acts as a physical server. Due to the large number of users sometimes the task sent by the user to cloud causes the VM to be under loaded or overloaded. This system state happens due to poor task allocation process in VM and causes the system failure or user tasks delayed. For the improvement of task allocation, several load balancing techniques are introduced in a cloud but stills the system failure occurs. Therefore we hybrid modified artificial bee colony for improvement in task allocation of VM and minimizing time consummation in cloud datacenter like makespan, total processing time, response time of algorithms, response time of datacenter and degree of imbalance. The consequences of the proposed task scheduling algorithm are matched with existing heuristic-based scheduling procedures. The experimental consequences demonstrate that our approach is efficient when it is compared with the existing algorithms and reduce 1.7 % in time consumption for cloud datacenter.
Declining Importance of Herbivores in Structuring a Heavily Impacted Urban Coral Reef near Cartagena Bay, Colombia
Authors: Shantz Andrew , López-Londoño Tomás , Gomez-Campo Kelly , Iglesias-Prieto Roberto , López-Victoria Mateo , Medina Mónica 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coral reefs are beginning to experience conditions unlike any in recent history. Understanding ecosystem function on future reefs will require reassessing ecological processes under novel environmental regimes. For many coastal reefs, severely degraded water quality will be a hallmark of these novel regimes. While herbivory has traditionally been considered essential for maintaining coral dominance recent evidence from urban reefs suggests this pattern may be changing. Here, we reexamined the importance of herbivory on a shallow, turbid reef exposed to extensive coastal development. We found that although herbivore biomass, size-structure, and grazing rates were significantly reduced relative to a nearby protected reef, coral cover on this shallow urban reef remained > 45%. In contrast, coral cover at the nearby protected site was roughly 50% lower. Differences in coral cover between the sites were due to greater cover of two groups of corals at the urban site: depth-generalist Orbicella spp. (O. faveolate and O. annularis), and weedy species Agaricia spp. Both groups are tolerant of low light levels but susceptible to coral bleaching. Our results suggest that diminished top-down pressure did not promote algal dominance. Instead, turbidity-induced reductions in available light drove community structure, leading to dominance of coral and algae species able to acclimate to low-light. Our study demonstrates how environmental context can alter the importance of critical processes on coral reefs and highlights the need to reexamine traditional paradigms in reef ecology to understand ecosystem function on future reefs.