bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Observations of the IR Emission Corona from the 2019 July 2 Eclipse Flight of the Airborne Infrared Spectrometer
Authors: Samra Jenna E. , Madsen Chad A. , Cheimets Peter , DeLuca Edward E. , Golub Leon , Marquez Vanessa , Reyes Naylynn Tañón 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Airborne Infrared Spectrometer (AIR-Spec) was commissioned during the 2017 total solar eclipse, when it observed five infrared coronal emission lines from a Gulfstream V research jet owned by the National Science Foundation and operated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The second AIR-Spec research flight took place during the 2019 July 2 total solar eclipse across the south Pacific. The 2019 eclipse flight resulted in seven minutes of observations, during which the instrument measured all four of its target emission lines: S xi 1.393 μm, Si x 1.431 μm, S xi 1.921 μm, and Fe ix 2.853 μm. The 1.393 μm S xi line was detected for the first time, and probable first detections were made of Si xi 1.934 μm and Fe x 1.947 μm. The 2017 AIR-Spec detection of Fe ix was confirmed and the first observations were made of the Fe ix line intensity as a function of solar radius. Telluric absorption features were used to calibrate the wavelength mapping, instrumental broadening, and throughput of the instrument. AIR-Spec underwent significant upgrades in preparation for the 2019 eclipse observation. The thermal background was reduced by a factor of 30, providing a 5.5× improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, and the postprocessed pointing stability was improved by a factor of 5 to <10″ rms. In addition, two imaging artifacts were identified and resolved, improving the spectral resolution and making the 2019 data easier to interpret.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: How the Stellar Populations of Passive Central Galaxies Depend on Stellar and Halo Mass
Authors: Oyarzún Grecco A. , Bundy Kevin , Westfall Kyle B. , Tinker Jeremy L. , Belfiore Francesco , Argudo-Fernández Maria , Zheng Zheng , Conroy Charlie , Masters Karen L. , Wake David , Law David R. , McDermid Richard M. , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Parikh Taniya , Yan Renbin , Bershady Matthew , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Andrews Brett H. , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Lane Richard R. , Bizyaev D. , Boardman Nicholas Fraser , Lacerna Ivan , Brownstein J. R. , Drory Niv , Zhang Kai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We analyze spatially resolved and co-added SDSS-IV MaNGA spectra with signal-to-noise ratio ∼100 from 2200 passive central galaxies (z ∼ 0.05) to understand how central galaxy assembly depends on stellar mass (M
*) and halo mass (M

h
). We control for systematic errors in M

h
by employing a new group catalog from Tinker and the widely used Yang et al. catalog. At fixed M
*, the strengths of several stellar absorption features vary systematically with M

h
. Completely model-free, this is one of the first indications that the stellar populations of centrals with identical M
* are affected by the properties of their host halos. To interpret these variations, we applied full spectral fitting with the code alf. At fixed M
*, centrals in more massive halos are older, show lower [Fe/H], and have higher [Mg/Fe] with 3.5σ confidence. We conclude that halos not only dictate how much M
* galaxies assemble but also modulate their chemical enrichment histories. Turning to our analysis at fixed M

h
, high-M
* centrals are older, show lower [Fe/H], and have higher [Mg/Fe] for M

h
> 1012
h
−1
M
⊙ with confidence >4σ. While massive passive galaxies are thought to form early and rapidly, our results are among the first to distinguish these trends at fixed M

h
. They suggest that high-M
* centrals experienced unique early formation histories, either through enhanced collapse and gas fueling or because their halos were early forming and highly concentrated, a possible signal of galaxy assembly bias.
Electron-to-ion Bulk Speed Ratio as a Parameter Reflecting the Occurrence of Strong Electron-dominated Current Sheets in the Solar Wind
Authors: Khabarova Olga , Büchner Jörg , Jain Neeraj , Sagitov Timothy , Malova Helmi , Kislov Roman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Current sheets (CSs) are preferred sites of magnetic reconnection and energy dissipation in astrophysical plasmas. Electric currents in them may be carried by both electrons and ions. In our prior theoretical studies of the CS formation in turbulent plasmas, we utilized fully kinetic and hybrid code simulations with ions considered as particles and electrons—as a massless fluid. We found that electron-dominated CSs in which electrons become the main carriers of the electric current and contributors to energy dissipation may form inside or nearby ion-dominated CSs. These structures represent a distinguished type of CSs and should not be mixed up with so-called electron-scale CSs. Current simulations show that such CSs are characterized by the electron-to-ion bulk speed ratio (u

e
/u

i
) increases that can be seen at ion scales according to theoretical predictions and high-resolution observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. Therefore, applying the u

e
/u

i
parameter to the solar wind data may allow locating the strongest electron-dominated CSs with an ordinary spacecraft resolution of 1−3 s. This study shows that, indeed, electron-dominated CSs observed during a period of quiet solar wind conditions at 1 au impact the surrounding plasma, which may be reflected in sharp changes of u

e
/u

i
. Electron-dominated CSs are found to be localized in the vicinity of ion-dominated CSs identified via changes in the magnetic field and plasma parameters, displaying the same clustering. We conclude that u

e
/u

i
may be used as one of the key parameters for statistical studies of CSs in the solar wind and analyzing the role of electrons in them.
A Model of Double Coronal Hard X-Ray Sources in Solar Flares
Authors: Kong Xiangliang , Ye Jing , Chen Bin , Guo Fan , Shen Chengcai , Li Xiaocan , Yu Sijie , Chen Yao , Giacalone Joe 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A number of double coronal X-ray sources have been observed during solar flares by RHESSI, where the two sources reside at different sides of the inferred reconnection site. However, where and how these X-ray-emitting electrons are accelerated remains unclear. Here we present the first model of the double coronal hard X-ray (HXR) sources, where electrons are accelerated by a pair of termination shocks driven by bidirectional fast reconnection outflows. We model the acceleration and transport of electrons in the flare region by numerically solving the Parker transport equation using velocity and magnetic fields from the macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a flux rope eruption. We show that electrons can be efficiently accelerated by the termination shocks and high-energy electrons mainly concentrate around the two shocks. The synthetic HXR emission images display two distinct sources extending to >100 keV below and above the reconnection region, with the upper source much fainter than the lower one. The HXR energy spectra of the two coronal sources show similar spectral slopes, consistent with the observations. Our simulation results suggest that the flare termination shock can be a promising particle acceleration mechanism in explaining the double-source nonthermal emissions in solar flares.
An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing
Authors: Lam Casey Y. , Lu Jessica R. , Udalski Andrzej , Bond Ian , Bennett David P. , Skowron Jan , Mróz Przemek , Poleski Radek , Sumi Takahiro , Szymański Michał K. , Kozłowski Szymon , Pietrukowicz Paweł , Soszyński Igor , Ulaczyk Krzysztof , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Miyazaki Shota , Suzuki Daisuke , Koshimoto Naoki , Rattenbury Nicholas J. , Hosek Matthew W. , Abe Fumio , Barry Richard , Bhattacharya Aparna , Fukui Akihiko , Fujii Hirosane , Hirao Yuki , Itow Yoshitaka , Kirikawa Rintaro , Kondo Iona , Matsubara Yutaka , Matsumoto Sho , Muraki Yasushi , Olmschenk Greg , Ranc Clément , Okamura Arisa , Satoh Yuki , Silva Stela Ishitani , Toda Taiga , Tristram Paul J. , Vandorou Aikaterini , Yama Hibiki , Abrams Natasha S. , Agarwal Shrihan , Rose Sam , Terry Sean K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present the analysis of five black hole candidates identified from gravitational microlensing surveys. Hubble Space Telescope astrometric data and densely sampled light curves from ground-based microlensing surveys are fit with a single-source, single-lens microlensing model in order to measure the mass and luminosity of each lens and determine if it is a black hole. One of the five targets (OGLE-2011-BLG-0462/MOA-2011-BLG-191 or OB110462 for short) shows a significant >1 mas coherent astrometric shift, little to no lens flux, and has an inferred lens mass of 1.6–4.4 M
⊙. This makes OB110462 the first definitive discovery of a compact object through astrometric microlensing and it is most likely either a neutron star or a low-mass black hole. This compact-object lens is relatively nearby (0.70–1.92 kpc) and has a slow transverse motion of <30 km s−1. OB110462 shows significant tension between models well fit to photometry versus astrometry, making it currently difficult to distinguish between a neutron star and a black hole. Additional observations and modeling with more complex system geometries, such as binary sources, are needed to resolve the puzzling nature of this object. For the remaining four candidates, the lens masses are <2M
⊙, and they are unlikely to be black holes; two of the four are likely white dwarfs or neutron stars. We compare the full sample of five candidates to theoretical expectations on the number of black holes in the Milky Way (∼108) and find reasonable agreement given the small sample size.
Faint Debris Disk Peering through the Superflare Light Echo
Authors: Arimatsu Ko , Kamizuka Takafumi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present the detectability of strong mid-infrared (MIR) light echoes from faint debris disks illuminated by bright superflares of M-dwarf stars. Circumstellar dust grains around an M-dwarf star are simultaneously heated by superflare radiation. One can thus expect their re-emission in the MIR wavelength regime. According to our model calculations for the Proxima Centauri system, the nearest M-dwarf star system, thermal emission echoes from an inner (r < 1 au) debris disk with a total mass down to that of the solar system’s zodiacal dust are expected to emerge at wavelengths longer than ∼10 μm with a strength comparable to or greater than a white-light superflare. Also, observable echoes from inner- (r ≲ 0.5 au) debris disks irradiated by energetic ( ≳1033.5 erg) superflares of nearby (D < 3 pc) M dwarfs are expected. Our simulation results indicate that superflare monitoring using high-speed optical instruments like OASES and its prompt follow-up using ground-based MIR instruments, such as TAO/MIMIZUKU, can detect these MIR light echoes from debris disks around solar neighborhood flare stars.
Formation of Vitreous Salt Hydrates Under Conditions Relevant to Europa
Authors: Johnson Paul V. , Vu Tuan H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Technologies are being developed to enable a robotic spacecraft to directly access Europa’s ocean by penetrating its kilometers-thick ice crust. Until such time comes, however, our ability to characterize it will be limited to observations of its expression on the surface. Further, the ability to place meaningful constraints on the composition of the source brines will depend on our understanding of the chemistry associated with their freezing and emplacement. Among the body of research focused on improving this understanding, recent laboratory studies have shown that Mg-bearing salts, previously proposed as constituents of Europa’s surface, have a propensity to form vitreous hydrates when flash frozen from their parent brines. The possibility that such vitreous species could form on Europa is important as their presence will be a confounding factor in their detection and identification of the underlying salt hydrates. Further, since glass formation can protect biological molecules and even microorganisms from damage caused by crystallization, they may prove to be important targets of astrobiological interest. This work explores the conditions under which vitreous salt hydrates form in order to better assess their potential for forming on Europa. Specifically, solutions of Mg- and Na-bearing salts were frozen over a range of freezing rates and interrogated with Raman spectroscopy to determine whether vitreous or crystalline species (including hydration state) formed. These results show that vitreous salt hydrates can form at freezing rates as low as ∼10 K minute−1, thus expanding their potential for occurrence on Europa beyond extreme flash-freezing scenarios such as plume deposition.
COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, outpatients, and deaths in Mexico by ethnicity and state-level income
Authors: Ronquillo De Jesús Elba , Suárez Víctor , López-Perea Patricia , Suárez Quezada Monserrat , Von Borries-Medrano Erich 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Mexico is one of the countries that is most affected by mortality due to COVID-19. Once infected, the indigenous population living in the lower-income states had worse outcomes. Our objectives were to analyze outcomes by ethnic group, and determine the association between state-level income and the incidence, hospitalizations, outpatients, and death rates per 100,000 population.
Methodology: We analyzed 1,037,567 confirmed COVID-positive cases from February 29 to November 13, 2020 recorded in the Mexican COVID-19 cases database. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analyzed. Data was allocated according to the state where the patients were treated. Statistical association between age-adjusted incidence and death rates with state-level GDP per capita (as a measure of income), were ascertained using Spearman correlations. Kruskal-Wallis tests examine the association of cumulative incidence, hospitalizations, outpatients, and death rates, with income quartiles. When significant, a follow-up analysis (Mann-Whitney) was conducted.
Results: Respective cumulative incidence rates and death rates were: 900.3 (non-indigenous) and 94.4 (indigenous), and 87.1 (non-indigenous) and 13.9 (indigenous). Spearman correlation coefficients of income with age-standardized incidence and death rates were 0.657 and 0.607 (p < 0.001 for both). Kruskal-Wallis H-Values indicate significant median differences by income in total population rates: cumulative incidence 13.47 (p < 0.01), hospitalizations 11.67 (p < 0.01), outpatients 12.86 (p < 0.01), and deaths 8.92 (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Cumulative incidence, hospitalizations, outpatients, and mortality rates presented a reversed socioeconomic status health gradient in Mexico. Less adverse outcomes were observed in the lowest-income states compared to higher-income states.
Analysis of COVID-19 infection in hemodialysis and kidney transplant patients in a pandemic hospital
Authors: Ay Nurettin , Danış Ramazan , Kılıç Jehat , Deniz Altıntaş Derya 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The mortality rate for any infection is often higher in patients with a kidney transplant (KT) and hemodialysis (HD), which may also be the case in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methodology: In this study, the demographic, clinic, laboratory, and radiologic signs of KT and HD patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 11th March 2020 and 11th March 2021 were evaluated prospectively.
Results:In the present study, 72 HD (median age, 57.5 Q1-Q3:43-65; female: 36/50%) and 58 KT patients (median age, 44.5 Q1-Q3:28.75-55.25; female: 21/36.2%) with COVID-19 infection were enrolled. Fifteen patients with HD (20.8%) died. Age, diabetes mellitus (DM), abnormal hemoglobin levels, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D-dimer, and procalcitonin were significant in the univariate analysis of survival in patients with HD. However, only age was significant in the Cox-regression analysis [Hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI 1.070 (19.016-1.126)]. Nine (15.5%) KT patients died. The median time from symptoms onset to admission was three days (2-5). This rate was two (2-3) and five (4-5.75) days, respectively, for patients followed up in our center and the external centers (p < 0.001). Although age, DM, shortness of breath, bilateral involvement in CT images, abnormal levels of CRP, urea, leukocyte count, ferritin, and follow-ups of patients from the external center were significant in the univariate analysis of survival in patients with KT, no variables were significant in the cox-regression analysis.
Conclusions: Increased mortality is expected in both HD and KT patients. Early diagnosis of COVID-19 in those patients with COVID-19 infection can be life-saving.
Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in hallux ulceration
Authors: Delvallez Gauthier , Badell Edgar , Cheng Sokleaph , Meng Soda , Tong Vivandet , Norman Judy , Toubiana Julie , Vandelannoote Koen , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Hide Mallorie , Brisse Sylvain 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes classical diphtheria. Skin infections by toxigenic or non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae are prevalent in the tropics but are rarely reported.
Case presentation: We report the identification of a non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae (biovar Gravis) isolate in a 52-year-old Cambodian male. The patient presented purulent and non-healing ulcerations on the right hallux. The wound has healed after 7 days of antibiotic therapy with a favourable outcome.
Conclusions: This case represents, to our knowledge, the first report of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Cambodia in the last 10 years, and highlights the lack of diagnosis and notifications of diphtheria. It is important to raise awareness among clinicians and to set up diphtheria surveillance in Cambodia.
Accueillir, évaluer et orienter les familles des jeunes adolescents au Relais étudiants-lycéens… de la clinique médico-pédagogique Dupré
Authors: Brault Anthony , Villette Marie , Mora-Oger Agnès , Dumas Nadège 
Published: July 2022

Le Relais de Sceaux (clinique Dupré, Fondation santé des étudiants de France), qui reçoit des adolescents et jeunes adultes et leurs familles, est une porte d’entrée aux soins médico-psychologiques. À partir de 2013, l’ouverture de l’accueil aux 11-15 ans a bouleversé le fonctionnement de départ du Relais. À côté du dispositif d’accueil sans rendez-vous des 16-25 ans, un protocole spécifique adapté aux collégiens a été mis en place. Il s’appuie sur un contact téléphonique avec les parents préparant la première rencontre. Via une situation clinique, les auteurs, psychologues et psychiatres exerçant au Relais de Sceaux, exposent les spécificités cliniques de collégiens pour lesquels la rencontre familiale est un préalable indispensable à l’instauration d’un soin psychique individualisé.
L’autoconfrontation dans la professionnalisation des conseillers en évolution professionnelle
Authors: Boanca Ioana , Pagoni Maria 
Published: July 2022

Cet article, issu d’une recherche menée en région des Hauts de France, porte sur les dynamiques de professionnalisation suscitées par le dispositif « conseil en évolution professionnelle ». Après avoir interrogé les enjeux de la formation institutionnelle sur les pratiques d’accompagnement, l’article se centre sur l’analyse de l’activité de conseil via des entretiens d’autoconfrontation. Les résultats mettent en évidence des formes de régulations de l’activité opérées par les conseillers en situation d’autoconfrontation et les effets potentiels sur leur changement de posture, sur leur professionnalisation.
Nursing Students' Perceptions of a Community Health Street Outreach Experience: Thematic Analysis
Authors: Snyder Briana L. , Doran Kelly , Doede Megan 
Published: July 2022

Background:There has been increased focus within nursing to address social determinants of health (SDOH), and nurse educators are urged to integrate SDOH into the curriculum, strengthen community and public health (CPH) clinical experiences, and provide service-learning opportunities. Therefore, student feedback was sought for a CPH clinical experience involving street outreach.Method:Two groups of nursing students conducted street outreach with unstably housed individuals in an urban area in the eastern United States. Focus groups and thematic analysis were conducted.Results:Students expressed high levels of satisfaction with the experience. The following themes were identified: Influence of Prior Experiences, Transformational Experience, and Making a Difference. Following the CPH experience, the majority of students reported they were considering working in CPH nursing.Conclusion:Engaging in street outreach and similar experiences has the potential to improve nursing students' perceptions of CPH clinical experiences and prepare them for careers in CPH nursing.[J Nurs Educ. 2022;61(7):394–397.]
Du vin en Bretagne dès le premier âge du Fer ? Fabrication et consommation locales
Authors: Cherel Anne-Françoise , Frère Dominique 
Published: July 2022

Les analyses chimiques de contenus organiques permettent, à partir de biomarqueurs du raisin et de biomarqueurs de fermentation, d’identifier la présence de vin (ou de son dérivé le vinaigre) à l’intérieur de différentes catégories de céramiques armoricaines de l’âge du Fer. La question essentielle est celle de la provenance de ce vin, en sachant que les premières amphores vinaires n’arrivent en Bretagne qu’au IIe siècle av. n. è. S’agit-il d’un vin méditerranéen importé dans des contenants périssables ou d’un vin produit localement ? Si l’hypothèse de vin produit en Bretagne protohistorique paraît, au premier abord, incongrue eu égard aux sources littéraires antiques et aux conditions climatiques de la péninsule, différents éléments permettent, voire exigent, de lancer le débat. D’une part ont existé, au moins dès le Moyen Âge, des vignobles exploités en différents endroits de la Bretagne et d’autre part, pour l’époque protohistorique, la présence de vigne sauvage est solidement attestée par les données archéobotaniques. Les boissons fermentées produites durant l’âge du Fer en Europe tempérée ne se limitaient sans doute pas à la bière et à l’hydromel. L’absence de viticulture et de viniculture n’interdisait pas l’utilisation ponctuelle et opportuniste des baies de vigne sauvage.
Aqua vitae et aqua ardens. Production et consommation des produits distillés de boissons fermentées (XIIe-XVIIe siècle)
Authors: Thomas Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

La distillation de boissons fermentées est attestée dès le XIIe siècle en Occident. Elle est fondée sur des températures d’ébullition différentes entre l’eau et l’éthanol. Les techniques et les alambics se perfectionnent au XIIIe siècle avec la rectification et l’apparition de nouveaux systèmes de refroidissement et de condensation des vapeurs. La concentration en alcool augmente rapidement conduisant à l’apparition d’un liquide étonnant : une eau qui brûle. L’archéologie comme les sources écrites permettent de caractériser les alambics et leur diffusion dans des milieux privilégiés. Sans doute ces appareils sont-ils surtout employés pour la fabrication de l’eau de rose, produit très répandu au Moyen Âge, mais celle de l’alcool est parfois explicite. Quoi qu’il en soit, les alambics découverts en fouille donnent une idée des capacités de production très modestes. L’alcool est d’abord utilisé à des fins médicales. Très tôt, la propriété de ce produit de conserver les corps a été remarquée et de nombreuses vertus lui ont été attribuées comme celle de soigner toutes sortes de maladies. Il faut attendre la fin du XVe siècle pour que l’alcool se démocratise. La consommation de masse passe par des innovations techniques comme la multiplication des alambics dans un même four ou un accroissement spectaculaire des dimensions des cuves. Les produits de la distillation se banalisent et deviennent alors très populaires. Malgré les méfaits évidents liés à une surconsommation, le discours sur les bienfaits de l’alcool est toujours resté très ambigu.