bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of differences in aboveground dead organic matter types on the stand‐scale necromass and CO2 efflux estimates in a subtropical forest in Okinawa Island, Japan
Authors: Abe Hayato , Katayama Ayumi , Taniguchi Shingo , Takashima Atsushi , Kume Tomonori , Matsumoto Kazuho 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDead organic matter (DOM), which consists of leaf litter, fine woody debris (FWD; <3 cm diameter), downed coarse woody debris (CWDlog), and standing or suspended coarse woody debris (CWDsnag), contributes to forest carbon cycling; however, few studies have considered effects of differences in DOM types on the stand‐scale estimates of carbon stocks of necromass and CO2 efflux (Rstand). This study investigated characteristics of necromass and Rstand in a subtropical forest in Okinawa Island, Japan, to quantify the effect of DOM type on total necromass, total Rstand, and estimate error of total necromass and Rstand. The CWDsnag accounted for the highest proportion (54%) of total necromass (1499.7 g C m−2), followed by CWDlog (24%), FWD (11%), and leaf litter (11%). Leaf litter accounted for the highest proportion (37%) of total Rstand (340.6 g C m−2 year−1), followed by CWDsnag (25%), CWDlog (20%), and FWD (17%). The CWDsnag was distributed locally with 173% coefficient of variation for necromass, which was twofold higher than those of leaf litter and FWD (72%–73%). The potential error in CWD accounted for 99% and 79% estimate error for total necromass and Rstand, respectively. For the estimates of CWDsnag and CWDlog necromass with the estimates error of <10% in this study area, sampling areas of ≥28,750 m2 and ≥2058–42,875 m2, respectively, were required. Our results showed that CWD considerably contributed to stand‐scale carbon stocks and efflux among aboveground DOM in this forest, resulting in a major source of errors in the stand‐scale estimates.
Biofertilizers can enhance nitrogen use efficiency of sugarcane
Authors: Qiu Zhiguang , Paungfoo‐Lonhienne Chanyarat , Ye Jun , Garcia Axa Gonzalez , Petersen Ian , Di Bella Lawrence , Hobbs Richard , Ibanez Minka , Heenan Marijke , Wang Weijin , Reeves Steven , Schmidt Susanne 
Published: May 2022

SummaryFertilizers are costly inputs into crop systems. To compensate for inefficiencies and losses from soil, farmers apply on average double the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer acquired by crops. We explored if N efficiency improves with biofertilizers formulated with organic waste, mineral N or plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). We compared treatments receiving mineral N fertilizer or biofertilizers at industry‐recommended (100%) or lower (60%) N rates at two commercial sugarcane farms. Biofertilizer at the 60% N‐rate generated promising results at one farm with significantly higher biomass and sugar yield than the no‐N control, which matched the 100% mineral N treatment. This yield difference was accompanied by a shift in microbial diversity and composition. Correlation analysis confirmed that shifts in microbial communities were strongly linked to soil mineral N levels, as well as crop productivity and yield. Microbial co‐occurrence networks further revealed that biofertilizer, including treatments with an added PGPR, can enhance bacterial associations, especially in the context of complex fungal networks. Collectively, the results confirm that biofertilizers have quantifiable effects on soil microbial communities in a crop system setting, which underscores the opportunities for biofertilizers to promote N use efficiency and the circular N economy.
Postmortem forensic toxicology cases: A retrospective review from Milan, Italy
Authors: Di Candia Domenico , Giordano Gaia , Boracchi Michele , Zoja Riccardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe are presenting a study on 136 cases performed in a 2‐year period (2018–2019) at the Bureau of Legal Medicine of the University of Milan for which toxicological analyses were requested and we are making a detailed interpretation of clinical records and discussing toxicological results from each case included in the study. Total number of autopsies was 1323 and in 10.3% of the cases, toxicological analyses were requested to obtain further information. Analyses were assessed with High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry system and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analyses. Additionally, Blood Alcohol Concentration and detection of volatile substances were obtained with Head Space‐Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry system. From these analyses, 101 cases out of 136 provided positive results (74.3%). Main substances detected were cocaine, diazepam, morphine, and ethanol. The most representative profiles of individuals that emerged from this study were: a Caucasian male, age 41–50, that died for cocaine acute intoxication or was killed; a Caucasian male or female with a range‐of‐age of 31–50 deceased for simple suicide caused by acute intoxication or by complex suicide caused by acute intoxication and suffocation; and finally, a Caucasian male with a range‐of‐age 21–40 that died in a car accident without any toxicological evidence. From the results, acute intoxication at the time of death was confirmed in 54 cases and in 57 cases the toxicological analyses helped in the determination of the cause and manner of death. From this study, the importance of toxicological data among forensic sciences is confirmed.
Forensic alcohol calculations in transgender individuals undergoing gender‐affirming hormonal treatment
Authors: Maskell Peter D. , Sang Katherine J. C. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Shapses Sue , Dekorompay Alanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere are an increasing number of individuals undergoing gender‐affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) to treat gender dysphoria. Current forensic alcohol calculations require knowledge of the sex of the individual, but this may disadvantage trans people as research has demonstrated that there are physiological changes in individuals who are undergoing GAHT. Using previously published studies on total body water (TBW) in cis individuals, and the known changes in lean body mass and hematocrit in trans individuals, it is possible to estimate TBW in trans individuals and compare them to those cis equation estimations. When using these revised rubrics, we determined that for trans women the use of the cis male anthropometric TBW equation only gives a small underestimation of TBW (0.9%) compared to the underestimation of TBW using the cis female TBW equation (−17.7%). For trans men, the use of the cis female TBW equation gives the largest disadvantage, underestimating TBW by −10.8% compared to the cis male TBW equation, that overestimates TBW by 6.6%. For this reason, we recommend that if the sex at birth of an individual is not known or disclosed, any forensic alcohol calculations in a forensic alcohol reports are made assuming that the gender declared by the individual is their sex at birth. Further research to develop validated anthropometric TBW equations are urgently needed as to not disadvantage trans people when forensic alcohol calculations are carried out.
A lesson from Bass Strait on connectivity conservation
Authors: Kirkpatrick Jamie B 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIsolation effects on the distributions of plant species in fragmented forests appear to be weak over tens to hundreds of years and strong over geological eras. The 250 km wide, 6.5 millennia old Bass Strait, and other millennium‐scale disjunctions in the range of Eucalyptus regnans forests, were used to determine the effects of intermediate periods of isolation on plant species occurrence and composition. Three of six floristic communities were found on both sides of Bass Strait. The residuals from multiple regression models using climatic variables on the latitude vector were not explained by latitude, indicating negligible isolation effects from Bass Strait. However, there was a lesser compositional effect of disjunctions within land masses than between land masses, suggesting some effect of the larger barrier. No species that commonly occurred with E. regnans and were largely confined to wet forest exhibited absences from any region where the climate and soils were within their range. If areas isolated from each other for millennia can maintain their vascular plant biota, the expenditure of conservation funds on creating corridors to connect large areas separated by anthropogenic landscape modification might require more justification than it is currently afforded.
The reliability, validity, and responsiveness of Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach‐Biopsychosocial Questionnaire for patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Zahid Mahbuba , Unal Edibe , Özdemir Işık Özlem , Oksuz Sevim , Karakaya Jale , Erguney Cefle Ayse 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimAlthough the importance of biopsychosocial models for chronic diseases is emphasized nowadays, the lack of assessment tools to meet this need draws attention. This study was planned to assess the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach‐Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY‐BQ) in patients with fibromyalgia.MethodHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Health Assessment Questionnaire, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) were used for the validity of BETY‐BQ. For the reliability study, evaluations were repeated at 1‐week intervals and for the responsiveness, the same scales were applied to patients under medical treatment at 3‐month intervals.ResultsThe correlations of BETY‐BQ with the other scales were found to be moderate to high (respectively r = .591, P < .001 and r = .441, P < .001; r = −.419, P < .001; r = .617, P < .001; r = .722, P < .001; r = −.580 and −.374, P = .001 and P < .001) and with SF‐36 sub‐parameters were found to be weak‐moderate. The test‐retest method was used for reliability, and the correlation between the responses was very high (r = .901, P < .001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found to be high (ICC = 0.899, P < .001). Cronbach's alpha (α) value was found to be .947. In the correlation analysis of time‐dependent changes, BETY‐BQ correlated weakly with other scales and moderately correlated with HADS (HADS‐anxiety r = .489, P = .006, HADS‐depression r = .500, P = .005).ConclusionsBETY‐BQ was presented in the literature as a valid, reliable, and sensitive scale that can be used both in the biopsychosocial evaluation and as an easily understood, practical scale that can be answered in a short time in the practices of healthcare professionals.
Ignoring species availability biases occupancy estimates in single‐scale occupancy models
Authors: DiRenzo Graziella V. , Miller David A. W. , Grant Evan H. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost applications of single‐scale occupancy models do not differentiate between availability and detectability, even though species availability is rarely equal to one. Species availability can be estimated using multi‐scale occupancy models; however, for the practical application of multi‐scale occupancy models, it can be unclear what a robust sampling design looks like and what the statistical properties of the multi‐scale and single‐scale occupancy models are when availability is less than one.Using simulations, we explore the following common questions asked by ecologists during the design phase of a field study: (Q1) what is a robust sampling design for the multi‐scale occupancy model when there are a priori expectations of parameter estimates? (Q2) what is a robust sampling design when we have no expectations of parameter estimates? and (Q3) can a single‐scale occupancy model with a random effects term adequately absorb the extra heterogeneity produced when availability is less than one and provide reliable estimates of occupancy probability?Our results show that there is a tradeoff between the number of sites and surveys needed to achieve a specified level of acceptable error for occupancy estimates using the multi‐scale occupancy model. We also document that when species availability is low (<0.40 on the probability scale), then single‐scale occupancy models underestimate occupancy by as much as 0.40 on the probability scale, produce overly precise estimates, and provide poor parameter coverage. This pattern was observed when a random effects term was and was not included in the single‐scale occupancy model, suggesting that adding a random‐effects term does not adequately absorb the extra heterogeneity produced by the availability process. In contrast, when species availability was high (>0.60), single‐scale occupancy models performed similarly to the multi‐scale occupancy model.Users can further explore our results and sampling designs across a number of different scenarios using the RShiny apphttps://gdirenzo.shinyapps.io/multi‐scale‐occ/. Our results suggest that unaccounted for availability can lead to underestimating species distributions when using single‐scale occupancy models, which can have large implications on inference and prediction, especially for those working in the fields of invasion ecology, disease emergence, and species conservation.
Antinuclear antibodies in follicular fluid may be a risk factor in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Authors: Wu Suqin , Zhang Li , Liu Xiaoda , Jiang Yue , Teng Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of anti‐nuclear antibodies (ANAs) on the outcome of in vitro fertilization‐embryo transplantation (IVF‐ET) and to study the effect of ANAs in follicular fluid (FF) on embryonic development.MethodsThe expression of ANAs in FF of patients treated with IVF‐ET and healthy group. The patients were divided into ANAs‐positive group and ANA‐negative group. The age, duration of infertility, body mass index (BMI), basic follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH), anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH), number of retrieved oocytes, portion of metaphase II oocytes (MII), number of embryos in the cleavage stage, bipronuclear (2PN), number of embryos, number of high‐quality embryos and the outcome of IVF‐ET were compared between the two groups. In vitro, HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cells were cultivated and divided into ANAs‐negative group (control group) and ANAs‐positive group (ANAs‐positive FF was added to cytotrophoblasts). The ANAs titer in the serum and FF of patients who treated with IVF‐ET was detected using ELSIA method. CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry (at 24 h and at 48 h) were used to detect the cell proliferation and apoptosis frequency of the two groups, respectively.ResultsAmong those who underwent IVF‐ET treatment, the number of retrieved oocytes, the number of fertilization and the portion of MII oocytes in the FF‐positive group were significantly lower than those in the FF‐negative group. Furthermore, the implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy rate were decreased, and early miscarriage rate was increased in the FF‐positive patients than those in the FF‐negative patients. In vitro, the cytotrophoblasts proliferation activity in the ANAs group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Moreover, the cytotrophoblasts apoptosis rate in the ANAs group was significantly higher than that in the control group.ConclusionsOur data suggested that ANAs in FF might become an obstacle to embryonic development through promoting trophoblast apoptosis and inhibiting trophoblast proliferation. ANAs in FF might be an unfavorable factor for the outcome of those who undergo IVF‐ET treatment.
An additional port in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy for surgical safety
Authors: Fujinaga Atsuro , Hirashita Teijiro , Iwashita Yukio , Kawamura Masahiro , Nakanuma Hiroaki , Kawasaki Takahide , Kawano Yoko , Masuda Takashi , Endo Yuichi , Ohta Masayuki , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTokyo Guidelines 2018, clinical practice guidelines for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis, recommend bailout procedures to prevent bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for difficult gallbladder. We first insert an additional port (AP) for difficult gallbladder that may require bailout procedures. Because the usefulness of an AP during LC is unclear, we therefore examined the efficacy of the AP during LC in this study.MethodsData were collected from 115 patients who underwent LC for acute cholecystitis in our department. The indications for AP were excessive bleeding, scarring, and poor visual field around Calot's triangle. AP was inserted into the right middle abdomen so as not to interfere with other trocars and was used by the assistant. Surgical outcomes were evaluated based on AP use during LC.ResultsAP was inserted in 19 patients during LC (AP group). The indications for AP were excessive bleeding in nine patients, scarring around Calot's triangle in seven patients, and poor visual field around Calot's triangle in three patients. Open conversion was performed in two patients in the non‐AP group. BDI occurred in one patient in the non‐AP group. In patients with Difficulty Score 3, operation time was significantly shorter (P = .038) and Critical View of Safety (CVS) score was significantly higher in the AP group (P = .046).ConclusionAP is useful in patients with excessive bleeding to shorten operation time and increase the CVS score. AP may be one useful option for difficult gallbladder.
Uncovered workers in plants covered by collective bargaining: Who are they and how do they fare?
Authors: Hirsch Boris , Lentge Philipp , Schnabel Claus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn Germany, employers used to pay union members and non‐members in a plant the same union wage in order to prevent workers from joining unions. Using recent administrative data, we investigate which workers in firms covered by collective bargaining agreements still individually benefit from these union agreements, which workers are not covered anymore and what this means for their wages. We show that about 9 per cent of workers in plants with collective agreements do not enjoy individual coverage (and thus the union wage) anymore. Econometric analyses with unconditional quantile regressions and firm‐fixed‐effects estimations demonstrate that not being individually covered by a collective agreement has serious wage implications for most workers. Low‐wage non‐union workers and those at low hierarchy levels particularly suffer since employers abstain from extending union wages to them in order to pay lower wages. This jeopardizes unions’ goal of protecting all disadvantaged workers.
Does ownership concentration affect banks’ credit risk? Evidence from MENA emerging markets
Authors: Jabbouri Imad , Naili Maryem , Almustafa Hamza , Jabbouri Rachid 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the impact of ownership concentration on banks’ credit risk. The study employs a dynamic panel approach using data from 98 banks listed in the 10 Middle East and North African (MENA) emerging stock markets between 2003 and 2016. To better understand the nature of the relationship between ownership concentration and bank credit risk and how this relationship is shaped by the recent financial crisis, we conducted a pre‐ and postcrisis analysis. Our findings document a positive relationship between ownership concentration and nonperforming loans in the precrisis period, which surprisingly reverses during the postcrisis period. We argue that the reversal of this relationship is driven by changes in controlling shareholders’ risk aversion, behavior, and attitude prompted by the financial crisis. Given that central banks are entrusted with forestalling banks’ failure, incorporating ownership concentration, as a fundamental determinant of banks’ credit risk, is crucial to anticipate future financial calamities. Our findings highlight the gravity of agency problems in emerging MENA markets. Reinforcing firm‐level as well as country‐level governance mechanisms is crucial to restore a sound banking system, enhance markets’ integrity, and increase investors’ confidence.
Social media and ophthalmology: A review
Authors: Nguyen Andrew A. K. , Tsui Edmund , Smith Justine R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial media is being widely used across ophthalmology. Its communication tools have been employed more often by ophthalmologists in private practice than academia, although academic institutions may be more impactful influencers. There are opportunities to promote ophthalmic services and to augment traditional clinical care. Social media provides a medium to disseminate peer‐reviewed literature in ophthalmology, and to expand conference experiences. It is used for teaching ophthalmology at medical schools and attracting medical students into ophthalmology training, and for research in ophthalmology. Important considerations when using social media include the required time commitment and the public nature of interactions. The high level of misinformation in medical social media remains a challenge for both ophthalmologists and their patients, and the ophthalmologist can play an active role in addressing the issue. This review considers the role that social media is playing in ophthalmology today, including impact on ophthalmic practice, applications in ophthalmic education and training, and patient‐focused networking.
Perioperative management of living donor liver transplantation: Part 2 – Donors
Authors: Sakai Tetsuro , Ko Justin Sangwook , Crouch Cara E. , Kumar Sathish , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Hackl Florian , Han Dai Hoon , Kaufman Michael , Kim Seong Hoon , Luzzi Carla , McCluskey Stuart , Shin Won Jung , Sirianni Joel , Song Ki Won , Sullivan Cinnamon , Hendrickse Adrian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLiving donor liver transplantation was first developed to mitigate the limited access to deceased donor organs in Asia in the 1990s. This alternative liver transplantation method has become a widely practiced and established transplantation option for adult patients suffering with end‐stage liver disease, and it has successfully helped address the shortage of deceased donors. The Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia and the Korean Society of Transplantation Anesthesiologists jointly reviewed published studies on the perioperative management of adult live liver donors undergoing donor hemi‐hepatectomy. The goal of the review is to offer transplant anesthesiologists and critical care physicians a comprehensive overview of the perioperative management of adult live donors. We featured the current status, donor selection process, outcomes and complications, surgical procedure, anesthetic management, Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols, avoidance of blood transfusion, and considerations for emergency donation. Recent surgical advances, including laparoscopic donor hemi‐hepatectomy and robotic laparoscopic donor surgery, are also addressed.