bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of educational stakeholders on the introduction of entrepreneurship subjects at secondary schools in Zanzibar
Authors: ALAWI SALEH MUSSA , Alex Naho  
Published: August 2022

This study aimed at examining the perceptions of educational stakeholders on the introduction of entrepreneurship subjects at secondary schools in Zanzibar and the challenges of its integration. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Questionnaires, focus group discussions, and interviews were used in data collection. A sample of 67 respondents, 30 students, 30 teachers, 6 headteachers, and 1 educational officer was used. The study employed stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques in selecting the sample. Purposive sampling was used to select the teachers, headteachers, and the educational officer while stratified sampling was used to sample the students. Interviews were conducted with headteachers and educational officers whereas focus group discussions and questionnaires were administered to students and teachers respectively. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, while data collected using interviews and focus group discussion was analyzed qualitatively.
The results were unequivocal as about 89.6% of respondents accepted the idea of the introduction of entrepreneurship subjects at secondary schools. Meanwhile, the findings showed that the integration would be faced with a myriad of challenges such as a shortage of competent entrepreneurship subject teachers, a shortage of teaching and learning materials, and the use of traditional teaching methods. The study recommended that the entrepreneurship subject can be introduced at secondary schools in Zanzibar but the use of modern teaching methods, frequent training of entrepreneurship subject teachers, and teaching entrepreneurship subject in an appropriate environment must be respected for better performance.
Investigating the Perceptions of Educational Stakeholders on the Introduction of Chinese as a foreign language in Zanzibar .Taking Mkoani District of Pemba as an Example
Authors: ALAWI SALEH MUSSA 
Published: August 2022

This paper aimed at probing the perception of education stakeholders on the introduction of the Chinese language in Zanzibar, the challenges, and its effects on Zanzibar culture. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Questionnaires, focus group conversation, and interviews were used in data collection. A sample of 62 repliers was involved in the study including 20 students, 34 teachers, 6 head teachers, and 2 educational officers. The study employed stratified sampling and purposive sampling techniques in opting the samples. Purposive sampling was used to select the teachers, head teachers, and the educational officer while stratified sampling was used to sample the students. Interviews were conducted with head teachers and educational officers whereas focus group discussions and questionnaires were taken to students and teachers respectively. The data collected through the questionnaires were interpreted using software (SPSS) version 20; while information collected using interviews as well as focus group discussion was analyzed qualitatively.
The results were unambiguous as about 92.78% of respondents accepted the idea of introducing Chinese as a foreign language at secondary schools in Zanzibar. Meanwhile, the findings showed that the preface of the Chinese language would be faced with a myriad of challenges similar as a deficit of competent Chinese subject teachers, deficit of educational coffers, employing traditional style of tutoring and the final study revealed that the introduction of foreign language has little negative effects on the Zanzibar culture, in the meantime paper mentioned that the language literacy and culture has a great relation between. The study recommended that Chinese as a foreign language can be introduced at secondary schools in Zanzibar but the use of ultramodern tutoring style ; frequent training of Chinese subject teachers and teaching Chinese subjects unhappy environment must be admired for better performance.
Keywords: Stakeholders, Educational Stakeholders, Foreign Language, Chinese Language
Water Demand among Hostel Residents in Tertiary Institutions in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Eteng Salvation , Zion Mary Mount 
Published: August 2022

Water is life and living things depend on it for survival. The role water in determining survival has made it remain an inevitable commodity. At the household level, water is needed for several reasons including personal hygiene, food preparation, laundry and drinking Occupants of hostels in tertiary institutions demand water for the reasons listed above and more hence, the study focused on analysing water demand among hostel occupants in tertiary institutions in Calabar, Nigeria. The study relied on questionnaire in order to obtain data. A total of 400 copies of questionnaire were distribute. Data were further analysed using various statistical approaches such as means, modes, and Pearson product moment correlation based on statistical package for social sciences. The results showed a strong positive relationship between water demand and supply. In other words, it was observed that water consumption is influenced by supply. Equally, the determinants of water demand were observed. It was identified that environmental factors, source of water, population among others influence water consumption. Based on the findings of the study, it was suggested that access to water be improved especially as students in tertiary institutions are likely to increase. Equally, attempts should be made to provide water more frequently for use by the students in the residential halls.
Keywords: Residential hostels, source of water, traveling distance, water consumption, quantity/quality of water
Application of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization in frozen shoulder– a review article
Authors: SHARMA RITA 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Physical therapy is the basic treatment for frozen shoulder, a frequent disease in the middle-aged population. Several traditional therapy approaches have been shown effective in this situation. Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilisation (IASTM) is a relatively new therapy widely used for the speedier recovery of numerous sports-related injuries. IASTM also mobilises scar tissue and myofascial adhesions. This paper presents a brief review of IASTM in shoulder disorders and the use of IASTM to treat patients with shoulder injuries and disorders.
Keywords: Frozen shoulder, Adhesive capsulitis, IASTM, Soft tissue mobilization.
Preparation of glimepiride mucoadhesive tablets by direct compression method and their in-vitro evaluation
Authors: Akram Anum , Kiran Ayesha , Naeem Saddiqa 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: The present investigation is concerned with formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets containing antidiabetic drug, glimepiride, to circumvent the first pass effect and to improve its bioavailability with reduction in dosing frequency and dose related side effects. Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The tablets were tested for weight variation, hardness, surface pH, drug content uniformity, percentage swelling index, bio adhesive strength, exvivo residence time in-vitro drug dissolution study, in-vitro drug release kinetic study, ex-vivo permeation study and stability study. Results: FTIR studies showed no evidence on interactions between drug, polymers, and excipients. The surface pH, bio adhesive strength, ex-vivo residence timeand swelling index of formulation was found to be 6.80±0.02, 36.3±0.04g, 325min and 289.8±0.52%, respectively. The formulation containing 4 mg of glimepiride exhibited 6 h sustained drug release i.e. 93.98±0.8% with desired therapeutic concentration. The drug permeation from the formulation was slow and steady and 3.56 mg of glimepiride could permeate through sheep buccal membrane with a flux of 0.27 mg hr-1 cm-2 . The in-vitro release kinetics studies reveal that all formulations fits well with zero order kinetics and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the best formulation was suitable for all the evaluation parameters and can be permeated through human buccal mucosa.
Effective formulation of glimepiride loaded oral thin films for rapid drug availability
Authors: Amna Manzar  , Kainat Anwar  , Komal Shabbir  , Aqsa Itzaz  , Andleeb-e-Taiba  
Published: August 2022

Objective: Patient convenience and compliance-oriented research has resulted in bringing out safer and newer drugdelivery systems. Recently, fast dissolving drug delivery systems have started gaining popularity and acceptance. Fast dissolving films (FDF) were initially introduced in the market as breath fresheners and personal care products such as dental care strips and soap strips, but now regarded as the most advanced form of oral route of drug Administration. Problems such as poor solubility and wettability of drugs has resolved to higher extent. This projectwas aimed to formulate Fast Dissolving Oral Thin films of Glimepiride GOTFs, glimepiride is a new oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. It is classified under class II according to biopharmaceutical classification system with low solubility and high permeability. Method: GOFTs were prepared by using solvent casting method and Hydroxy Methyl Propyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a polymer. Results: GOTFs 0.1mm in thickness were prepared which were appropriate in appearance as well as fulfilled all criterions of Oral Thin Films Formulations. The disintegration time for GOFTs was 3 seconds and oral films. The pH of films was 6.2, Tensile strength was 7 N/mm2 and percent elongation was 19%. Conclusion: From the results of this study it can be concluded that prepared optimized fast dissolving Oral Films of glimepiride are the better option to treat diabetes.
Impact of Resilience on Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Niyazova Adina , Madaliyeva Zabira 
Published: August 2022

Background: The issue of the individual's psychological well-being is one of the most interesting and relevant in psychology. Its study has implications not only for theoretical but also for many of the present practical challenges. This study explores predictors of psychological well-being, one of which is resilience.
Objective: The purpose of the study is to analyse psychological well-being predictors and prove that resilience is one of its important predictors.
Methods: To achieve the aim, a theoretical grounding of the key concepts was made, and an empirical study was carried out. The following techniques were used: the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being, the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the Maddi's Hardiness Survey. Furthermore, at the empirical level, the characteristics of resilience among different age groups were recorded.
Results: The study presents the results of a survey involving 150 people of different ages related to the profession of consulting psychologists. Furthermore, the study identified the following predictors of psychological well-being: resilience, femininity/masculinity, positive attitudes, emotional lability, irritability, and aggression.
Conclusions: Based on the study of psychological and pedagogical literature and the study findings, it has been concluded that resilience should be considered a mechanism for achieving psychological well-being. The theoretical analysis described the concepts of "psychological well-being" and "resilience", providing their characteristics and factors.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on the Academic Performance of Students with Intellectual Disabilities in Inclusive Education
Authors: Vovchenko Olha , Leonova Inna , Soroka Iryna , Klymenko Iryna , Tsekhmister Yaroslav 
Published: August 2022

Background: The development of inclusive education involves the increasing participation of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities in the general education process, which can be accompanied by several stressful and psychotraumatic situations that negatively affect the academic success of such adolescents.
Objective: This study aimed to empirically test the probability that the emotional intelligence level of adolescents with intellectual disabilities impacts their academic performance.
Methods: The study was conducted as a socio-psychological experiment involving experimental and control groups through pre-test and post-test measurements of the emotional intelligence level of adolescents with intellectual disabilities and their academic performance. The study involved students at comprehensive secondary schools aged 12-14 who studied in inclusive classes.
Results: The Emotional Intelligence Development Programme also aimed to further the inclusion of adolescents in their school lives. The Programme involved a series of classes with a predominance of visual material adapted to the needs of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The research was motivated by the improvement of inclusive education in Ukraine, which is at the stage of its formation. The Programme is based on applied developments of practical psychologists with the author's extensions. The study was carried out through the EmIn Test adapted by Lyusin to diagnose the level of emotional intelligence. Observations, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient, and comparison of means through student's t-test were used to analyze the data obtained. The Programme resulted in increased parameters for the emotional intelligence level in the experimental group compared to the control group and improved academic performance in Mathematics and Biology. The results obtained empirically confirmed the positive impact of emotional intelligence on the academic performance of children with intellectual disabilities.
Conclusion: The primary value of the study was the integration of the author's approaches in the development of emotional intelligence of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. The practical result of the research is the methodological systematization of the experiment results with the aim of further implementation in the general educational process. Further research suggests monitoring the long-term effects of therapeutic intervention programs in working with adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
Improved Cosmic Ray Spectrum and Intensity in Middle Atmosphere (CORSIMA) Model Considering Six Characteristic Energy Intervals
Authors: Velinov Peter , Asenovski Simeon , Mateev Lachezar 
Published: August 2022

The new model CORSIMA (COsmic Ray Spectrum and Intensity in Mid- dle Atmosphere) is presented in this study. Numerical determinations of the spectrum and intensity of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) for the middle atmo- sphere and the lower altitudes of the ionosphere (30–80 km) are presented. These altitudes are above the Regener–Pfotzer maximum. The primary spec- tra of protons and helium (alpha particles) are used. According to the amount of particles, cosmic rays consist of 92% protons, 6% helium nuclei, 1% heavier elements, and 1% electrons (GINZBURG and SIROVATSKY [19]).
We also use the approximation of ionization losses (Bohr–Bethe–Bloch formula) in six characteristic energy intervals, including the charge decrease interval for electron capture. In this way, the accuracy of the obtained results is improved.
Analytical expressions for the contributions of the energy intervals are provided. An approximation of the ionization function on six energy intervals is used and the charge decrease interval for electron capture is studied. Numerical calculations are performed using computational algebra systems.
The development of this research is important for a better understanding of the processes and mechanisms of space weather. The GCR affect the ionization and electrical parameters in the atmosphere and also the chemical processes (ozone formation and depletion in the stratosphere) in it. These effects can be significantly enhanced during strong and moderately strong solar proton events and geomagnetic storms.
Relevance of CMV DNA Detection in Symptomatic Children up to 3 Months of Age
Authors: Stoykova Zhivka , Ivanova Liliya , Yordanova Diana , Cvetkova Snejinka , Kalchev Kalin 
Published: August 2022

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most frequent cause of congenital infection worldwide. The burden of disease related to congenital CMV (cCMV) is substantial, as it is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children. Despite its clinical significance, cCMV infection often goes undetected because the majority of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth and screening programmes have not been implemented in any country.
The aim of this study is to define the role of CMV in congenital and early postnatal morbidity in clinically relevant symptomatic children up to 3 months of age in Varna region, comparatively in ELISA (anti CMV IgM/IgG) and PCR.
We found CMV DNA in 12 out of 50 tested children (24%, 95% CI: 12.16–35.84%). The viral load ranged in 65–1 628 879 IU/ml, average viral load 144 707.2 IU/ml.
It is important to note that only half of the PCR positive children 6/12 (50%) had an anti CMV IgM positive result.
Our data demonstrate that serological tests defining active CMV infection with CMV IgM detection are not sufficiently indicative in all newborns, and it is therefore mandatory to conduct modern PCR for all relevant infants after birth.
Ventricular Tachycardia Electrical Storm
Authors: Kascak Jelena , Andjelic Sladjana , Teofilovski Gordana 
Published: August 2022

The term “electrical storm” (ES) indicates a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by the recurrence of hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia (VT) and/or ventricular fibrillation (VF). We are presenting a case of ES in hemodynamically unstable VT treated at pre-hospital and hospital level.
Seventy-one-year-old patient with a previous history of hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes, congestive stroke and myocardial infarction, severe three-vessel coronary artery disease and myocardial revascularization, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney failure, and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, collapses at home. After examination and diagnostic procedures, the emergency medical physician (EMS) diagnoses hemodynamically unstable VT, which he treats with medication and gets the patient urgently transported to a hospital. In the next 24 h, during hospitalization, there are five more separate episodes of VT with pulse treated with DC shock and antiarrhythmics. On the twelfth day of hospitalization, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is implanted to prevent sudden cardiac death. On the seventeenth day, the patient is discharged from hospital in stable condition.
The question arises of further best pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy of ES in hemodynamically unstable VT. It is necessary to educate EMS physicians in the practical application of synchronized cardioversion at the prehospital level.
Consequences of the Australian 2019/20 wildfires for sites important for biodiversity and other world heritage values
Authors: Ward Michelle , Watson James E.M. , Greenville Aaron , Maurer Golo , Todd Stephanie , Geary William , Tulloch Ayesha 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The 2019/20 wildfire season was devastating for Australia’s biodiversity and unprecedented in its extent and severity, yet the consequences for sites important for biodiversity and other world heritage values remain unknown. Here, we summarise the 2019/20 wildfire impacts on key sites set aside for, or identified as being important for, biodiversity, with specific reference to nationally designated protected areas, World Heritage Listings, and Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs). We also explore patterns between burn extent or severity, and underlying landscape characteristics. Over seven months, approximately 10 million hectares (ha) of native vegetation burned. Of these burned landscapes, ~3.2 million ha (41%) were within the Australian protected area estate (n = 815 and impacted &gt;0.1% of each protected area). Six Australian World Heritage Listings were impacted by the 2019/20 wildfires, with the largest impact being in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area (680,000 ha or 67% was affected by the fires). The 2019/20 fires impacted over 2 million ha across 69 KBAs. Of these, 18 KBAs had &gt;15% of their area burned. Critically, for the management of intact and recovering forests, we show that the degree of forest integrity and ecosystem intactness affected fire severity: more degraded forests and ecosystems experienced higher severity burns in the protected area estate and KBAs. Recovery for many of these places will require targeted effort and resources to help reduce the likelihood of future megafires, as well as increased resilience in the face of other catastrophic environmental events.
Contemporary Patterns of End-of-Life Care Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Kwon Youngmin , Hu Xin , Shi Kewei Sylvia , Zhao Jingxuan , Jiang Changchuan , Fan Qinjin , Han Xuesong , Zheng Zhiyuan , Warren Joan L. , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceConsiderable efforts have been dedicated to improving the quality of end-of-life care among patients with advanced cancer in the past decade. Whether the quality has shifted in response to these efforts remains unknown.ObjectiveTo examine contemporary patterns of end-of-life care among patients with advanced cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used a recent linkage of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare data to characterize patterns of end-of-life care. The cohort included fee-for-service Medicare decedents aged 66 years or older who were originally diagnosed with distant-stage breast, prostate, pancreatic, or lung cancers and died between 2014 and 2019. Analyses were conducted between June 1, 2023, and July 31, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included monthly use of acute care, systemic therapy, and supportive care (ie, palliative and hospice care and advanced care planning) in the last 6 months of life. Additionally, a claims-based indicator was evaluated of potentially aggressive care in the last 30 days of life, defined as experiencing more than 1 acute care visit, in-hospital mortality, late receipt of systemic therapy, or hospice entry.ResultsThe study included 33 744 Medicare decedents with advanced cancer (mean [SD] age, 75.7 [6.9] years; 52.1% male). From 6 months before death to month of death, there was an increase in the mean (SE) number of acute care visits (from 14.0 [0.5] to 46.2 [0.5] per 100 person-months), hospice use (from 6.6 [0.4] to 73.5 [0.5] per 100 person-months), palliative care (from 2.6 [0.2] to 26.1 [0.6] per 100 person-months), and advanced care planning (from 1.7 [0.6] to 12.8 [1.1] per 100 person-months). Overall, 45.0% of decedents experienced any indicator of potentially aggressive care.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found persistent patterns of potentially aggressive care, but low uptake of supportive care, among Medicare decedents with advanced cancer. A multifaceted approach targeting patient-, physician-, and system-level factors associated with potentially aggressive care is imperative for improving quality of care at the end of life.