bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural proficiency starts here: Drawing on staff and student perceptions to Indigenise curricula
Authors: McIver Shane , Murphy Berni , Curran Lizzie , Parrish Ange 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIssue AddressedThis study reports outcomes from initial steps taken to promote cultural proficiency among our next generation, nonclinical health workforce, including addressing any tendencies towards stereotyping, biases and discrimination, when redeveloping and Indigenising curricula.MethodsThis qualitative study involved purposive sampling of undergraduate students enrolled in a final‐year health promotion unit (subject), as well as staff within the Faculty of Health. Thematic analysis was applied to two datasets: (i) outcomes from a staff survey examining insights and reactions to delivering Indigenous content (n = 16) and (ii) a collection of online student posts describing their observations and reflections during delivery of an Indigenous health module (n = 91).ResultsStaff survey data highlighted the need for targeted professional development and support. Findings from student data emphasised the need to embed course content that has the capacity to (i) help students understand health within an equity, social justice and human rights context and (ii) encourage students to self‐identify any conscious and unconscious biases that work against these principles in the workplace.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the usefulness of conducting a preliminary analysis prior to initiating changes to curriculum design and delivery. Strategies were identified to provide and implement renewed initiatives and directions for professional development for staff. Similarly, there was a clear need to effectively train students in cultural awareness, sensitivity and knowledges through specific and targeted resources and support throughout the span of the course.So WhatLack of knowledge and confidence among staff can negatively impact content and delivery, and ultimately, student learning outcomes. However, this was balanced by an appetite for collaboration and guidance. Findings contribute to current discourses exploring effective approaches to Indigenising discrete unit and course‐wide curricula and provide a useful template for others seeking evidence‐based approaches and ideas when aiming to improve cultural proficiency.
Implementation of visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine for cervical cancer screening in rural China
Authors: Hu Shang‐Ying , Zhao Xue‐Lian , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Wei Li‐Hui , Zhou Qi , Niyazi Mayinuer , Liu Ji‐Hong , Wang Chun‐Yan , Li Long‐Yu , Cheng Xiao‐Dong , Duan Xian‐Zhi , Sauvaget Catherine , Qiao You‐Lin , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo address the value of visual inspection where HPV‐based screening is not yet available, we evaluated the real‐world effectiveness of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and with Lugol's iodine (VILI) as a primary screening method for cervical cancer in rural China.MethodsA total of 206 133 women aged 30–59 years received two rounds of VIA/VILI screening for cervical cancer in 2006–2010. Women with positive screening results underwent colposcopy and direct biopsy, and were treated if cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was diagnosed. Clinical effectiveness of VIA/VILI was evaluated by process and outcome measures.ResultsThe VIA/VILI positivity rate, biopsy rate and detection rate of CIN2+ in the second round were significantly lower than in the first round. The 2‐year cumulative detection rate of CIN2+ varied from 0.53% to 0.90% among the four cohorts initiated in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. The first round of screening detected 60%–83% of CIN2, 70%–86% of CIN3, and 88%–100% of cervical cancer. Over 92% of CIN2+ were found at the early stage.ConclusionMultiple rounds of visual inspection with continuous training and quality assurance could act as a temporary substitutional screening method for cervical cancer in resource‐restricted settings.
The challenge of reference evapotranspiration between the WaPOR data set and geostatistical methods
Authors: Barideh Rahman , Veysi Shadman , Ebrahimipak Niazali , Davatgar Naser 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed evaluating the ability of the FAO's WaPOR Product (FWP) to estimate reference evapotranspiration (RET) based on lysimetric data and RET equations and compare its accuracy with geostatistical methods in the Lake Urmia basin. Lysimetric RET was collected at two stations for 4 years. RET equations were then evaluated using the lysimetric data; the best equation was determined. The RET data obtained from FWP were evaluated at daily, monthly and annual scales using the results of the selected equation for the years 2010–2020. Finally, the accuracy of FWP in the spatial estimation of RET was compared with geostatistical methods. The results show that the FAO Penman–Monteith (FPM) equation was more accurate at both stations. Therefore, the results of the FPM were used to evaluate the reference evapotranspiration of FWP. The average nRMSE of the FWP to daily, monthly and annual data was 31, 25 and 16%, respectively. In general, 15% overestimation was observed in the FWP. Comparison of the FWP with geostatistical methods showed that the highest and lowest accuracy was observed in the experimental kriging method and FWP with an nRMSE value of 4.6 and 18%, respectively.
The outcomes of a national clinical review process for nonformulary medication requests in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khardaly Amr M. , Almudaiheem Hajar Y. , Alkhnaizi Ghadeer , Eshwi Mohammed , Alshennawi Mohammed , Alissa Dema A. , Al‐jedai Ahmed H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedications often constitute a significant percentage of health care budgets; therefore ensuring rational medication use is essential. In December 2017, the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) introduced a national clinical review process for nonformulary medications (NFMs) requests across 284 MOH institutions to standardize review and approval process under the governance of Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (PTC).ObjectivesThis study aims to describe the effectiveness of implementing a national clinical review process for NFMs on the approval rate, decision turnaround time, and potential cost savings within MOH institutions.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational cohort study undertaken over 36 months. All NFM requests were received through an electronic system, linking all the ministry's regions and departments with a single coding system. Quantitative descriptive statistics: frequency, percentage, median, and interquartile range were used to present the results of this study. A P value ≤.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe approval rate among a total of 2388 NFM requests was 1733 (74%). The median submission turnaround time for NFM requests in 2018 to 2020 were 12.5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5‐24), 7 (IQR: 3‐15), and 7 (IQR: 4‐14) working days, respectively (P ≤ .001). The median decision turnaround time for NFM requests in 2018 to 2020 were 7 (IQR: 4‐10), 5 (IQR: 3‐9), and 5 (IQR: 4‐8) working days, respectively (P = .019). Of the 615 disapproved requests, 514 (83.6%) were disapproved for a single reason. Moreover, disapproval of requests equated to a potential cost savings which exceeded 14.8 million United States dollars.ConclusionsThis initial study showed that implementing a structured, systematic review process for NFM requests resulted in potential cost savings and acceptable turnaround times for nonurgent requests. However, further studies are needed to examine the actual cost savings and clinical impact on patient outcomes.
Large Predominance of Off‐Label Prescriptions of C1‐Inhibitor Concentrates and Icatibant in a Real‐Life Setting: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Rocour Samuel , Cochard Baptiste , Daniel Valérie , Martin Ludovic , Corvaisier Mathieu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractC1‐inhibitor (C1INH) concentrates and the selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist icatibant are approved only for treating hereditary angioedema with C1INH deficiency. Yet, they are regularly prescribed off label in other types of bradykinin‐mediated angioedema including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)‐related and undetermined angioedema.We conducted a retrospective chart review of inpatient prescriptions of C1INH concentrates and icatibant between 2016 and 2020 in the University Hospital of Angers. The first outcome was the proportion of prescriptions with explicit indication. Then, we determined the compliance of prescriptions with European Medicines Agency approvals and the French bradykinin‐mediated angioedema reference center guidelines. Finally, we estimated the economic impact of inappropriate prescribing.The therapeutic indication was explicit in 90.4% of prescriptions (n = 66/73). Only 17.8% of prescriptions were for hereditary angioedema with C1INH deficiency, while 31.5% were for ACEi‐related and 28.7% for undetermined angioedema. However, most off‐label prescriptions were consistent with the French bradykinin‐mediated angioedema reference center guidelines (73.3%). We estimated that 13% of drug expenditures were potentially excessive.The predominance of off‐label prescriptions may be explained by the infrequency of hereditary angioedema and the absence of approved alternatives in other types of bradykinin‐mediated angioedema. Most attacks were related to ACEis. Epinephrine was rarely prescribed as first‐line therapy in attacks of unknown origin. Given the high prices of these drugs, we advocate the development of a readily available management algorithm of angioedema to reduce inappropriate prescriptions in our center. In addition, we think that the drug prescription circuit should be redesigned to ensure the traceability of prescribed vials in the dispensing areas.
Experimental removal of nematode parasites increases growth, sprint speed, and mating success in brown anole lizards
Authors: Wittman Tyler N. , Carlson Torun A. , Robinson Christopher D. , Bhave Rachana S. , Cox Robert M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParasites interact with nearly all free‐living organisms and can impose substantial fitness costs by reducing host survival, mating success, and fecundity. Parasites may also indirectly affect host fitness by reducing growth and performance. However, experimentally characterizing these costs of parasitism is challenging in the wild because common antiparasite drug formulations require repeated dosing that is difficult to implement in free‐living populations, and because the extended‐release formulations that are commercially available for livestock and pets are not suitable for smaller animals. To address these challenges, we developed a method for the long‐term removal of nematode parasites from brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) using an extended‐release formulation of the antiparasite drug ivermectin. This treatment eliminated two common nematode parasites in captive adult males and dramatically reduced the prevalence and intensity of infection by these parasites in wild adult males and females. Experimental parasite removal significantly increased the sprint speed of captive adult males, the mating success of wild adult males, and the growth of wild juveniles of both sexes. Although parasite removal did not have any effect on survival in wild anoles, parasites may influence fitness directly through reduced mating success and indirectly through reduced growth and performance. Our method of long‐term parasite manipulation via an extended‐release formulation of ivermectin should be readily adaptable to many other small vertebrates, facilitating experimental tests of the extent to which parasites affect host phenotypes, fitness, and eco‐evolutionary dynamics in the wild.
Ontogenic differences and sexual dimorphism of the locomotor performance in a nocturnal gecko, Tarentola mauritanica
Authors: Oliveira Pedro , Gomes Verónica , Riaño Gabriel , Rato Catarina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLocomotion performance in reptiles is deeply associated with habitat use, escape from predators, prey capture, and territory defense. As ectotherms, this trait in lizards is extremely sensitive to body temperature (BT). However, most studies rarely look at locomotion patterns in an ontogenic perspective. The Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica, was used to investigate the possible effects of distinct BTs on the locomotor performance within juveniles and adults. Not surprisingly, adult individuals significantly outperform the juveniles in speed at every BT. Moreover, except in the 30‐day‐old juveniles, there is a general trend for an increase of speed with BT. The comparison of these speed values with the ones obtained for diurnal lizard species, corroborates the premise that because nocturnal species are subject to low thermal heterogeneity, little selection for behavioral thermoregulation, but strong selection for high performance at relatively cool temperatures are expected. Furthermore, the higher locomotor performance in adults at 29°C, roughly coincides with previously obtained preferred BTs. However, further studies need to be conducted to build the full performance curve, and to validate the existence of coadaption between behavioral thermoregulation and thermal sensitivity of physiological performance. Finally, this study has found that adult males run significantly faster than females at the highest BTs, highlighting the importance in understanding sex differences, and its potential to drive sex‐specific behaviors, ecology, and ultimately fitness.
Effects of micronutrients on Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice in Thai paddy soils and assessment of their availability indices
Authors: Thanachit Suphicha , Anusontpornperm Somchai , Yoojaroenkit Nuttawadee 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMicronutrient deficiency is currently the major cause of declining productivity in rice‐growing countries, including Thailand. A pot experiment was conducted to determine limiting micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) for Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML 105) rice, in four soil types. Soil micronutrient speciation and in‐soil extracts were examined to identify the species controlling the availability to the plant and the efficiency of soil extract to assess the availability indices of multi‐micronutrients for KDML 105 rice.ResultsMicronutrients in the studied soils were in the order Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn, mostly in stable forms accounting for 96.8%–99.7%, 81.3%–96.5%, 95.6%–97.6%, and 83.3%–98.0%, respectively, and in available fractions of only 0.32%–3.2%, 3.55%–18.66%, 2.44%–4.42%, and 2.03%–16.74% respectively. The omitted Fe had the greatest effect on limiting the rice grain yield with a significant reduction of 24.12%–46.46%, whereas the omitted Zn had the least effect. To assess the availability for KDML 105 rice, DTPApH 7.3 was the most suitable multipurpose extractant for Fe, Mn, and Cu, while HCl was superior to other extractants for Zn. All oxide fractions were responsible for supplying available Fe, Mn, and Cu, while Zn was generated from the organic and exchangeable fractions.ConclusionsThe yield of KDML 105 rice can be increased by adding each of these micronutrients but yield magnitude was different depending upon their deficient levels in soils. The oxide‐bonded micronutrients were the species controlling its availability and DTPApH 7.3 was suggested as the multipurpose extractant for micronutrient availability indices indicators.
Analysis of metabolites in green tea during the roasting process using non‐targeted metabolomics
Authors: Liu Fei , Tu Zheng , Chen Lin , Lin Jiazheng , Zhu Hongkai , Ye Yang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRoasting plays an important role in the formation of flavor of roasted green tea; however, the changes in chemicals during this process have not been systematically studied until now. To reveal the dynamic changes in chemicals in green tea during roasting, non‐targeted metabolomics, coupled with chemometrics, was employed.RESULTSA total of 101 non‐volatile metabolites were identified in tea samples, and 29 metabolites were identified as characteristic metabolites of roasting. A significant increase in catechins and their derivatives, organic acids, and flavonoid glycosides was observed, while the content of some amino acids and their derivatives decreased over 50% during roasting. The content of theanine glucoside increased dramatically (by 21.23‐fold at the roasting stage), and Maillard‐derived compounds also increased to varying degrees.CONCLUSIONGlycosylation, oxidative polymerization, and pyrolysis were important reactions responsible for the formation and transformation of flavor compounds in roasted green tea during roasting. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Isolation, structure identification, and immunostimulatory effects in vitro and in vivo of polysaccharides from Onosma hookeri Clarke var. longiforum Duthie
Authors: Wu Qiang , Er‐bu Aga , Liang Xiaoxia , He Changliang , Yin Lizi , Xu Funeng , Zou Yuanfeng , Yin Zhongqiong , Yue Guizhou , Li Lixia , Song Xu , Tang Huaqiao , Zhang Wei , Lv Cheng , Jing Bo , Sang Geng , Rangnanjia Car 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study characterized an acidic polysaccharide (OHC‐LDPA) isolated from the medicinal and edible homologous plant Onosma hookeri Clarke var. longiforum Duthie. The structure of OHC‐LDPA was elucidated based on the analysis of infrared, one‑/two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry data. The immunostimulatory effects of OHC‐LDPA were identified by both in vitro and in vivo models.RESULTSThe structure of OHC‐LDPA was elucidated as a typical pectin polysaccharide, consisting of galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, and rhamnose as the primary sugars, with linear galacturonic acid as the main chain and arabinogalacturonic acid as the main branched components. OHC‐LDPA could significantly stimulate the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages and the release of nitric oxide in vitro. Also, it could accelerate the recovery of spleen and thymus indexes, enhance the splenic lymphocyte proliferation responses, and restore the levels of interleukin‐2, interleukin‐10, interferon‐γ, and immunoglobulin G in the serum in a cyclophosphamide‐induced immunosuppressed‐mice model. In addition, OHC‐LDPA could restore the intestinal mucosal immunity and reduce the inflammatory damage.CONCLUSIONOHC‐LDPA could improve the immunity both in vitro and in vivo and could be used as a potential immunostimulant agent. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficient enzymatic synthesis of d‐allulose using a novel d‐allulose‐3‐epimerase from Caballeronia insecticola
Authors: Li Zijie , Feng Linxue , Chen Zhou , Hu Yangfan , Fei Kangqing , Xu Huilin , Gao Xiao‐Dong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRare sugars have become promising ‘sugar alternatives’ because of their low calories and unique physiological functions. Among the family of rare sugars, d‐allulose is one of the sugars attracting interest. Ketose 3‐epimerases (KEase), including d‐tagatose 3‐epimerase (DTEase) and d‐allulose 3‐epimerase (DAEase), are mainly used for d‐allulose production.RESULTSIn this study, a putative xylose isomerase from Caballeronia insecticola was characterized and identified as a novel DAEase. Caballeronia insecticola DAEase displayed prominent enzymatic properties, and 150 g L−1 d‐allulose was produced from 500 g L−1 d‐fructose in 45 min with a conversion rate of 30% and high productivity of 200 g L−1 h−1. Furthermore, DAEase was employed in a phosphorylation–dephosphorylation cascade reaction, which significantly increased the conversion rate of d‐allulose. Under optimized conditions, the conversion rate of d‐allulose was approximately 100% when the concentration of d‐fructose was 50 mmol L−1.CONCLUSIONThis research described a very beneficial and facile approach for d‐allulose production based on C. insecticola DAEase. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Noninvasive genetic sampling with a spatial capture‐recapture analysis to estimate abundance of Roosevelt elk
Authors: Henk Makenzie , Hilson Carrington , Bean William T. , Barton Daniel C. , Gunther Micaela Szykman 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecise abundance estimates of large mammals are important for effective conservation, harvest, and conflict management. Determining abundance of wide‐ranging, herding ungulate species has presented a unique challenge to wildlife managers because of factors such as dense forest, elusive behavior, and heterogeneity in density across the landscape. Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) populations in Northern California, USA, are no exception to these challenges, and as the elk population has grown, so has human–wildlife conflict, necessitating the need for efficient and repeatable methods to determine population abundance for management decisions. We explored non‐invasive genetic sampling combined with spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) as an alternative for monitoring populations that are difficult to observe directly. We combined an SCR model with a binomial point process and an unstructured single survey search method to estimate elk abundance in Northern California via Bayesian inference. We searched open grassy hillsides for female‐calf groups and used a detection dog team to search forested areas to increase the number of detections of males and other solitary individuals. For the SCR analysis, we used sex and survey effort as detection covariates, and used a trap‐level random effect to account for overdispersion in the count data from the herding behavior of elk. Our population estimate (N ± SD) for the study area was 618 ± 36.34 individuals (95% Bayesian credible interval = 551–693) with a mean density of 1.09 ± 0.06 elk/km2. Our work demonstrates a potential method to estimate population size of ungulates in an area that is not conducive to traditional monitoring methods.
The Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on Polymerization Behavior of Monofunctional Vinyl Cyclopropane‐Amides with Different Side Chains
Authors: Schumacher Sören , Pantawane Sanwardhini , Gekle Stephan , Agarwal Seema 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of four different monofunctional vinyl cyclopropane (VCP) amides and their photopolymerization behavior are presented. All VCPs can form hydrogen bonds, with one being the amide linkage of the VCP unit and the other one being the side chain. The number of additional hydrogen bonds is regulated by the different side chains being, carbonate, urethane, urea, and amide. Hydrogen bonds should lead to a preorganization of the monomers, leading to a fast polymerization. Kinetic studies of the photopolymerization, analysis of hydrogen bond strength via solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, and theoretical calculations are used to correlate the degree of conversion and the amount of preorganization. A fast polymerization could be observed due to hydrogen bonding near the active site, while hydrogen bonds in the side chain make a minor difference.