bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconductor‐insulator transitions in films and bulk materials
Authors: Larkin A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo different approaches to the problem of the superconductor‐insulator transition in two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) systems are discussed. In the first approach, the mean field theory of the superconducting transition is modified to include the electron‐electron repulsion and disorder. In the alternative phenomenological approach, the critical region around the quantum phase transition is treated in terms of interacting bosons. In our point of view, these two methods are applicable respectively in the two complimentary regimes of weak and strong quantum fluctuations of the order parameter. The combination of the two approaches allows us to explain the observed recently non‐monotonous dependence of the resistivity on magnetic field in 3D strongly disordered superconductors. It also allows us to relate the non‐monotonous temperature dependence of the resistivity in the 2D case to the crossover between the two regimes. The non‐monotonous behavior of the resistivity near the quantum phase transitions in the 2D and 3D cases is explained by the suppression of superconductivity with the increase of temperature or magnetic field, which at even higher temperatures or fields is followed by the suppression of localization. Matching of the results of the two approaches yields also the width of the critical region for the quantum phase transition.
Weyl transformation in Fermi systems
Authors: Okamoto Yoshiwo , Sugita Katsumi , Sekine Matsuo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the path integral representation, the Hamiltonian in a quantum system is associated with the Hamiltonian in a classical system through the Weyl transformation. From this, it is possible to describe the time evolution in a quantum system by the Hamiltonian in a classical system.In a Bose system, the Weyl transformation is defined by the eigenstates of the canonical operators, since the Hamiltonian is given by a function of the canonical operators. On the other hand, in a Fermi system, the Hamiltonian is usually described by a function of the creation and annihilation operators, and hence the Weyl transformation is defined by the coherent states which are the eigenstate of an annihilation operator.Here, we formulate the Weyl transformation in Fermi systems in terms of the eigenstates of the canonical operators so as to clarify the correspondence between both systems. Using this, we can derive the path integral representation in Fermi systems.
Global variational methods in general relativity with applications to gravitational lensing
Authors: Giannoni Fabio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this note we give an idea of two of the more important theories concerning global variational methods, namely Ljusternik‐Schnirelmann Theory and Morse Theory. Thanks to them it is possible, in many different situations, to link the topological properties of a given manifold X with the number of critical points of the funcionals defined on X. We show, as example, how to apply Morse Theory to obtain a mathematical description of the gravitational lens effect.
Crystalline Porphyrazine‐Linked Fused Aromatic Networks with High Proton Conductivity
Authors: Im Yoon‐Kwang , Lee Dong‐Gue , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Yu Soo‐Young , Mahmood Javeed , Lee Sang‐Young , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFused aromatic networks (FANs) have been studied in efforts to overcome the low physicochemical stability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), while preserving crystallinity. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a highly stable and crystalline FAN (denoted as Pz‐FAN) using pyrazine‐based building blocks to form porphyrazine (Pz) linkages via an irreversible reaction. Unlike most COFs and FANs, which are synthesized from two different building blocks, the new Pz‐FAN is formed using a single building block by self‐cyclotetramerization. Controlled and optimized reaction conditions result in a highly crystalline Pz‐FAN with physicochemical stability. The newly prepared Pz‐FAN displayed a high magnitude (1.16×10−2 S cm−1) of proton conductivity compared to other reported FANs and polymers. Finally, the Pz‐FAN‐based membrane was evaluated for a proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which showed maximum power and current densities of 192 mW cm−2and 481 mA cm−2, respectively.
A Biostablel‐DNA Hydrogel with Improved Stability for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhou Bini , Li Cuifeng , Li Xiaowei , Shi Ziwei , Li Yuxin , Zhu Chenyou , Li Xin , Hua Yi , Pan Yufan , He Jian , Cao Tianyang , Sun Yawei , Liu Wanli , Ge Min , Yang Yuhe R. , Dong Yuanchen , Liu Dongsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA hydrogels have attracted increasing attention owing to their excellent permeability and high mechanical strength, together with thixotropy, versatile programmability and good biocompatibility. However, the moderate biostability and immune stimulation of DNA have arisen as big concerns for future potential clinical applications. Herein, we report the self‐assembly of a novell‐DNA hydrogel, which inherited the extraordinary physical properties of ad‐DNA hydrogel. With the mirror‐isomer deoxyribose, this hydrogel exhibited improved biostability, withstanding fetal bovine serum (FBS) for at least 1 month without evident decay of its mechanical properties. The low inflammatory response of thel‐DNA hydrogel has been verified both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, thisl‐DNA hydrogel with outstanding biostability and biocompatibility can be anticipated to serve as an ideal 3D cell‐culture matrix and implanted bio‐scaffold for long‐term biomedical applications.
Spectroscopic studies, DFT calculations, cytotoxicity activity, and docking stimulation of novel metal complexes of Schiff base ligand of isonicotinohydrazide derivative
Authors: Mahmoud Nelly H. , Elsayed Ghada H. , Aboelnaga Asmaa , Fahim Asmaa M. 
Published: April 2022

In this elucidation, the reactivity of isonicotinohydrazide derivative (3)(L) was reacted with the nitrate salts of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) to afford the corresponding stable metal coordination compounds. The synthesized metal coordination compounds were confirmed through physicochemical and analytical analysis such as elemental analysis, UV‐Visible, FT‐IR, TGA, Mass,1H NMR, XRD, magnetic, and molar conductance analysis. All complexes exhibit distorted octahedral geometry except Zn(II) complex which has a distorted tetrahedral arrangement. Both the thermal stability and the kinetic parameter for all complexes were elucidated via TGA analysis and Coats‐Redfern method. XRD study suggested that the complexes have a partially amorphous structure which was further confirmed by calculating the crystallinity index. Moreover, the synthesized metal complexes exhibited excellent cytotoxicity activity contra lung cancer cells (A549) and liver cancer cells (HepG2) using neutral red uptake assay. The complexes of Fe(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II) showed higher cytotoxic effect than doxorubicin againstA549andHepG2cells for 24 h incubation. Furthermore, the Cr(III), Co(II), Zn(II), and Cu(II) coordination compounds showed more inhibitory influence when treated withA549andHepG2cells for 48 h incubation. The biological studies of these complexes were confirmed through molecular docking studies with different proteins such as (PDB ID: 2ITO) and (PDB ID: 5H38) and showed low binding energy and shortage bond length with different amino acids. Also, computational calculations of all metal complexes were carried out utilizing DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set to detect the FMO, ESP, MEP, and physical descriptor's of them and confirms their reactivity.
Benzothiazole azo derivatives as colorimetric probes for optical recognition of different metal ions and anions
Authors: El‐Nahass Marwa N. , Fayed Tarek A. , El‐Daly Hosny A. , Youssif Mahmoud M. 
Published: April 2022

In this study, we report on novel optical chemosensors containing benzothiazole moeity, namely, 2‐(6‐chloro‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl azo)‐4‐methyl‐phenol (CBAMP) and 1‐(6‐chloro‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl azo)‐naphthalen‐2‐ol (CBAN), which were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectrometry. The solvatochromic behavior was explored in different solvents of various polarities to explore the active fluorescent tautomer, and the photophysical parameters have been measured. The naked eyes, as well as ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, were used to study the colorimetric and optical sensing properties of CBAMP and CBAN toward various metal ions and anions. These chemosensors have a strong detecting ability, with excellent sensitivity and selectivity for certain of the metal ions investigated, as well as CO32− and CN− over other anions. The Benesi–Hildebrand and Job's plots were used to determine the binding constants and stoichiometry of the formed metal ions–sensor complexes, respectively. Co2+ and Cu2+ ions have lower detection limits in CBAMP and CBAN than other metal ions (6.4 × 10−7 and 8.4 × 10−7 M, respectively). Furthermore, fluorescent imaging investigations for Co2+ and Cu2+ ions in living cells reveal CBAMP and CBAN's promise for biological chemosensing.
Aptamer empowered hydrogels: Fabrication and bio‐sensing applications
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Rizvi Aysha Sarfraz , Qiu Lili , Xue Min , Meng Zihui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAptamer‐based hydrogels have drawn great attention due to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, responsiveness, and stability. Aptamers are utilized to obtain specific molecular recognition. Aptamers are short single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) or RNA molecules selected through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, to bind to a specific target with high affinity and specificity. Aptamer functionalized hydrogels have become popular in a wide range of promising applications with the advantages of a vast target distribution, good stability, easy modification, and low cost. In this review, the recent progress on aptamer functionalized hydrogels including their design, fabrication, and bio‐sensing applications have been summarized. The prospects and challenges have also been discussed.
Black wattle tannin‐immobilized mesostructured collagen as a promising adsorbent for cationic organic dyes (methylene blue) removal in batch and continuous fixed‐bed systems
Authors: Li Aofei , Liu Jie , Qin Ziwei , Wang Lu , Li Lu , Tang Keyong , Pei Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlack wattle tannin‐immobilized mesostructured collagen (TC) was synthesized by using exfoliated mesostructured collagen as carriers. The structure of TC was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential test. Methylene blue (MB) as a cationic dye model was applied to evaluate the adsorption ability of TC through batch and continuous fixed‐bed system experiments. Results of batch adsorption experiment indicated that the adsorption behaviors of TC conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model as well as the intraparticle diffusion model. The maximum adsorption amount (Qmax) of TC was 46.5 mg/g at 303 K. Fixed‐bed adsorption experiments revealed that the initial concentration, flow rate, and column height significantly influenced the removal of MB, and all breakthrough curves were well fitted by Thomas and Yoon‐Nelson models. Adsorption–desorption experiments demonstrated that TC possessed excellent stability and reusable ability. The removal efficiency of MB was still above 80% after five adsorption–desorption cycles. The excellent adsorption capacity of TC owed to the immobilized tannins as binding sites to MB and support of mesostructured collagen with hierarchical structure. This work developed a novel collagen‐based adsorption material for efficient removal of cationic dye.
Atractylodes lancea volatile oils target ADAR2‐miR‐181a‐5p signaling to mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation
Authors: Ye Shanyu , Si Wenwen , Qin Wei , Yang Lin , Luo Ziwei , Li Zhen , Xie Yulu , Pan Hao , Li Xinrong , Huang Zifeng , Zhu Meiling , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtractylodeslancea Rhizoma (Rhizoma atractylodis [RA]) has long been recommended for the treatment of arthritis in traditional Chinese medicine, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. RA contains a large amount of Atractylodes lancea volatile oils (Atr). In this study, we investigated whether Atr can promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) chondrogenic differentiation. The Atr were extracted from RA by steam distillation method, and the effect of Atr on MSCs was detected by the CCK8 assay. The optimal concentration of Atr for MSCs cultivation was 3 μg/ml. The differentially expressed miR‐181a‐5p was screened by miRNA microarray assay, and its mimics and inhibitors were transfected into MSCs. It was found that the inhibitor of miR‐181a‐5p could upregulate cartilage‐specific genes such as SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN. Meanwhile, we also found that the expression of gene editing enzyme ADAR2 was significantly increased in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs induced by Atr, and the bases of precursor sequence of miR‐181a‐5p were changed from A to G. After ADAR2 deletion, the expression of cartilage‐specific genes was significantly down‐regulated and the precursor sequence bases of miR‐181a‐5p were not changed. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the predicted target gene of miR‐181a‐5p was yingyang1 (YY1), and the targeting relationship was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. After deleting YY1, the expression of cartilage‐specific genes was significantly down‐regulated. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Atr can promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSC through regulation of the ADAR2‐miR‐181a‐5p signaling pathway. This may provide a new insight into the possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (Atr) in treating inflammatory joint diseases.
Genetic mouse models of autism spectrum disorder present subtle heterogenous cardiac abnormalities
Authors: Assimopoulos Stephania , Hammill Christopher , Fernandes Darren J. , Spencer Noakes Tara Leigh , Zhou Yu‐Qing , Nutter Lauryl M. J. , Ellegood Jacob , Anagnostou Evdokia , Sled John G. , Lerch Jason P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are linked on a functional and genetic level. Most work has investigated CHD‐related neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Cardiac abnormalities in ASD have been less studied. We investigated the prevalence of cardiac comorbidities relative to ASD genetic contributors. Using high frequency ultrasound imaging, we screened 9 ASD‐related genetic mouse models (Arid1b(+/−), Chd8(+/−), 16p11.2 (deletion), Sgsh(+/−), Sgsh(−/−), Shank3 Δexon 4–9(+/−), Shank3 Δexon 4–9(−/−), Fmr1(−/−), Vps13b(+/−)), and pooled wild‐type littermates (WTs). We measured heart rate (HR), aorta diameter (AoD), thickness and thickening of the left‐ventricular (LV) anterior and posterior walls, LV chamber diameter, fractional shortening, stroke volume and cardiac output, mitral inflow Peak E and A velocity ratio, ascending aorta velocity time integral (VTI). Mutant groups presented small‐scale alterations in cardiac structure and function compared to WTs (LV anterior wall thickness and thickening, chamber diameter and fractional shortening, HR). A greater number of significant differences was observed among mutant groups than between mutant groups and WTs. Mutant groups differed primarily in structural measures (LV chamber diameter and anterior wall thickness, HR, AoD). The mutant groups with most differences to WTs were 16p11.2 (deletion), Fmr1(−/−), Arid1b(+/−). The mutant groups with most differences from other mutant groups were 16p11.2 (deletion), Sgsh(+/−), Fmr1(−/−). Our results recapitulate the associated clinical findings. The characteristic ASD heterogeneity was recapitulated in the cardiac phenotype. The type of abnormal measures (morphological, functional) can highlight common underlying mechanisms. Clinically, knowledge of cardiac abnormalities in ASD can be essential as even non‐lethal abnormalities impact normal development.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and congenital heart disease (CHD) are linked functionally and genetically. ASD cardiac phenotyping is limited. We assessed the cardiac phenotype of 9 ASD‐related mouse models. We found subtle heterogenous cardiac abnormalities compared to controls, with more differences within ASD than between ASD and controls, mirroring clinical findings. Clinically, knowing the cardiac abnormalities in ASD is vital as even non‐lethal cardiac abnormalities can impact development.
Brief assessment and treatment of pica using differential reinforcement, response interruption and redirection, and competing stimuli
Authors: Ruckle Mary M. , Bednar Molly K. , Suen Kevin , Falligant John Michael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPica is a life threating form of challenging behavior displayed by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In most cases, pica is maintained by automatic reinforcement. Common interventions for pica use some combination of response blocking, response interruption and redirection (RIRD), differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), and noncontingent reinforcement with competing stimuli. However, there is need for additional research regarding DRA procedures that emphasize skills acquisition by teaching alternative behaviors that modify the established behavioral chain of pica responses that occur in the presence of non‐edible stimuli. There is also a need to examine the generality of recent advances in competing stimulus assessment (CSA) methodologies—namely, the augmented‐CSA (A‐CSA)—to pica. Thus, the purpose of the present investigation was to systematically replicate and extend previous research for the assessment and treatment of pica in an individual with IDD. First, we conducted a functional analysis to identify environmental variables associated with pica. Next, taught Patrick a differential response (i.e., discard pica items in trash receptacle) to earn reinforcers in conjunction with a RIRD procedure. Finally, we conducted an A‐CSA for pica. Overall, low rates of pica were maintained over time with a combination of these procedures, and treatment was generalized across settings and people.
The effect of local non‐thermal plasma therapy on the cancer‐immunity cycle in a melanoma mouse model
Authors: Lin Abraham , De Backer Joey , Quatannens Delphine , Cuypers Bart , Verswyvel Hanne , De La Hoz Edgar Cardenas , Ribbens Bart , Siozopoulou Vasiliki , Van Audenaerde Jonas , Marcq Elly , Lardon Filip , Laukens Kris , Vanlanduit Steve , Smits Evelien , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMelanoma remains a deadly cancer despite significant advances in immune checkpoint blockade and targeted therapies. The incidence of melanoma is also growing worldwide, which highlights the need for novel treatment options and strategic combination of therapies. Here, we investigate non‐thermal plasma (NTP), an ionized gas, as a promising, therapeutic option. In a melanoma mouse model, direct treatment of tumors with NTP results in reduced tumor burden and prolonged survival. Physical characterization of NTP treatment in situ reveals the deposited NTP energy and temperature associated with therapy response, and whole transcriptome analysis of the tumor identified several modulated pathways. NTP treatment also enhances the cancer‐immunity cycle, as immune cells in both the tumor and tumor‐draining lymph nodes appear more stimulated to perform their anti‐cancer functions. Thus, our data suggest that local NTP therapy stimulates systemic, anti‐cancer immunity. We discuss, in detail, how these fundamental insights will help direct the translation of NTP technology into the clinic and inform rational combination strategies to address the challenges in melanoma therapy.
A novel needle‐free microjet drug injector using Er:YAG LASER: A completely new concept of transdermal drug delivery system
Authors: Lee Jong‐Jin , Yi Kyu‐Ho , Kim Heon‐Soo , An Min Ho , Seo Kyle K. , Chang‐Hun Huh , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe skin barrier effectively inhibits the penetration of substances; therefore, drug delivery, especially the delivery of drugs that are hydrophilic, through the skin, is challenging. Objectives: Physicians in the esthetic field now use the transdermal drug delivery system to attempt to deliver esthetic materials, such as hyaluronic acid and poly‐DL‐lactic acid into the skin. Conventionally, esthetic physicians manually injected these materials using needle syringes into the dermis layer. However, the injection is often irregular, imprecise, slow, and painful. Injector devices have been developed to overcome these limitations. A total of five Korean cadavers (that of three men and two women with a mean age of 69.2 years; range, 60–73 years) underwent laser injection. We used a device called Er:YAG LASER to create the pressure needed for microjet delivery to the skin of the cadaver. Discussion: In this study, the first LASER pressure‐based, needle‐free microjet injector was used to deliver drugs effectively into the dermis of a cadaver. This study showed that a novel needle‐free microjet injector using Er:YAG LASER can introduce beneficial, liquid, esthetic drugs into the papillary dermal layer (depth of 300um) with minimal epidermal damage.
The porcupine inhibitor WNT974 provokes ectodermal lineage differentiation of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kalantary‐Charvadeh Ashkan , Hosseini Vahid , Mehdizadeh Amir , Nazari Soltan Ahmad Saeed , Rahbarghazi Reza , Nozad Charoudeh Hojjatollah , Nouri Mohammad , Darabi Masoud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPorcupine (Porcn) enzyme plays an essential role in Wnt signaling activation. Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD1) is required to provide Porcn substrates. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a novel Porcn inhibitor on the fate of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and the reliance of Porcn on SCD1 activity. hESCs were cultured on a feeder layer or Matrigel‐coated plates. Small molecules WNT974 (LGK‐974) and CAY10566 were used to inhibit Porcn and SCD1 activity, respectively. We assessed the effect of Porcn inhibition on viability, expression of Wnt signaling targets, pluripotency markers, proliferation, differentiation, and protein fatty acylation. hESCs' conditioned medium (CM) containing secreted Wnt proteins were applied in rescue experiments. To examine the catalytic dependency of Porcn on SCD1, the results of combined inhibitor treatment were compared with the SCD1 inhibitor alone. LGK‐974 at the selected concentrations showed mild effects on hESCs viability, but significantly reduced messenger RNA and protein expression of Wnt signaling targets (Axin‐2 and c‐Myc) and pluripotency markers (OCT‐4 and SOX‐2) (p < .05). Adding 1 μM of Porcn inhibitor reduced proliferation (p = .03) and enhanced differentiation capacity into ectodermal progenitors (p = .02), which were reverted by CM. Click chemistry reaction did not show significant alteration in protein fatty acylation upon LGK‐974 treatment. Moreover, combined inhibitor treatment caused no further substantial reduction in Wnt signaling targets, pluripotency markers, and protein fatty acylation relative to CAY10566‐treated cultures. The substrate availability for Porcn activity is regulated by SCD1 and targeting Porcn by LGK‐974 prompts the transition of hESCs from self‐renewal state to ectodermal lineage.