bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning and image processing for the automated analysis of thermal events on the first wall and divertor of fusion reactors
Authors: Grelier Erwan , Mitteau Raphaël , Moncada Victor 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A multi-stage process that detects, tracks and classifies thermal events automatically using thermal imaging of the inside of fusion reactors is presented. The process relies on the Cascade R-CNN algorithm for the detection and classification and on the SORT algorithm for the tracking. The process is trained using a dataset of 325 thermal events distributed in seven classes, manually annotated from 20 infrared movies of the inside of the WEST tokamak. This dataset is created using user-friendly annotation tools, based on simple thresholding. The performance of the process is evaluated using modified indicators that emphasize the importance of the detection of the hottest zones of the hot spots. The modified mean average precision on a test dataset establishes at 27%.
Time-reversal symmetry broken quantum spin Hall phase in the van der Waals heterostructure ZrTe5/Cr2Ge2Te6
Authors: Xiao Xiaoliang , Zhan Fangyang , Kong Weixiang , Fan Jing , Wang Rui , Wu Xiaozhi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The topological phases with time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking have always attracted intense studies due to their potential applications to spintronics. The previous studies mainly focused on the exploration of quantum anomalous Hall effects, but another typical TRS-broken two-dimensional topological phase, i.e., the TRS-broken quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, has rarely been proposed in realistic materials. Here, based on first-principles calculations and topology analysis, we show that the van der Waals heterostructure ZrTe5/Cr2Ge2Te6 can realize the robust TRS-broken QSH state. We utilize the topological edge states and spin Hall conductance, which can be measured in experiments directly, to confirm the appearance of TRS-broken QSH phase. Moreover, we uncover that the built-in electric field is essential to realize such topological state and an external electric field can effectively tune the nontrivial band gap. Our findings not only provide a reliable candidate to obtain the TRS-broken QSH phase with a high tunability but also can facilitate further applications to topological quantum transport.
High-quality resonances in terahertz composite slabs based on metal gratings
Authors: Liu Dejun , Yu Xi , Wu Feng , Cao Jun , Zhao Yanliang , Shi Hui , Xiao Shuyuan , Kuwahara Makoto , Itoigawa Fumihiro , Ono Shingo , Chen Lin , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, a terahertz (THz) composite slab (TCS) based on metal grating and dielectric films is experimentally and numerically investigated in the THz region. By combining a dielectric film, the TCS exhibits different sharp resonances for varied polarization waves. A sharp Fano resonance is excited for transverse magnetic (TM) waves, which originates from the introduced asymmetric factor by dielectric films. The film thickness and refractive index can be used for the Fano resonance tuning. The resonant Q-factor can be improved using thinner and lower refractive index films. For transverse electric (TE) modes, a resonance termed guided modes can also be induced when the dielectric film is thick enough. The effects of film thickness and refractive index on these resonances are analyzed in detail. These results demonstrated that this TCS with high Q-factors or narrow resonances for both TM and TE waves is a promising component for THz filter and sensor applications.
Nonlocal pseudospin dynamics in a quantum Ising chain
Authors: Zhang K L , Song Z 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The existence of topological zero modes in nontrivial phase of quantum Ising chain results in not only the Kramers-like degeneracy spectrum, but also dynamic response for non-Hermitian perturbation in the ordered phase (2021 Phys. Rev. Lett.
126 116 401). In this work, we investigate the possible response of the degeneracy spectrum for Hermitian perturbations. We provide a single-particle description of the model in the ordered phase, associating with an internal degree of freedom characterized as a pseudospin. The effective magnetic field, arising from both local and nonlocal perturbations in terms of string operators, acts on the pseudospin. We show that the action of string operator can be realized via a quench under the local perturbations. As an application, any ground states and excited states for the Hamiltonian with perturbation can be selected to identify the quantum phase, by adding the other perturbations to trigger a quench and measuring the Loschmidt echo.
Empirical evidence of coevolution between the channel-billed cuckoo and its host, the pied currawong
Authors: Abernathy Virginia E , Bonds Emily , Warner Hampton , Liang Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Avian obligate brood parasites and their hosts exhibit coevolution, where parasites respond to the evolution of host defences with counter-adaptations, such as egg mimicry, which can then lead to the evolution of more efficient host defences. Using objective measurements and avian visual modelling, we quantified the degree of similarity between the eggs of the channel-billed cuckoo (Scythrops novaehollandiae) and the eggs of three host species from the hosts’ visual perspective. We found no evidence that this cuckoo species has host-specific egg types, but it does appear to mimic one of its primary hosts, the pied currawong (Strepera graculina), in both colour and pattern. Currawongs showed significantly higher interclutch variation in colour and luminance than the other two hosts and had significantly lower intraclutch variation in pattern than interclutch variation. High interclutch and low intraclutch variation in a host could make it more difficult for a cuckoo to match closely any particular host clutch, potentially allowing a host to detect a parasitic egg more easily. This is the first empirical study using objective measurements to quantify the degree of egg mimicry in the channel-billed cuckoo and the results suggest a potential host defence to egg mimicry that merits further investigation.
The development of cortical functional hierarchy is associated with the molecular organization of prenatal/postnatal periods
Authors: Zhao Yuxin , Wang Meng , Hu Ke , Wang Qi , Lou Jing , Fan Lingzhong , Liu Bing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe human cerebral cortex conforms to specific functional hierarchies facilitating information processing and higher-order cognition. Prior studies in adults have unveiled a dominant functional hierarchy spanning from sensorimotor regions to transmodal regions, which is also present in younger cohorts. However, how the functional hierarchy develops and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be investigated. Here, we set out to investigate the developmental patterns of the functional hierarchy for preschool children (#scans = 141, age = 2.41–6.90 years) using a parsimonious general linear model and the underlying biological mechanisms by combining the neuroimaging developmental pattern with two separate transcriptomic datasets (i.e. Allen Human Brain Atlas and BrainSpan Atlas). Our results indicated that transmodal regions were further segregated from sensorimotor regions and that such changes were potentially driven by two gene clusters with distinct enrichment profiles, namely prenatal gene cluster and postnatal gene cluster. Additionally, we found similar developmental profiles manifested in subsequent developmental periods by conducting identical analyses on the Human Connectome Projects in Development (#scans = 638, age = 5.58–21.92 years) and Philadelphia Neurodevelopment Cohort datasets (#scans = 795, age = 8–21 years), driven by concordant two gene clusters. Together, these findings illuminate a comprehensive developmental principle of the functional hierarchy and the underpinning molecular factors, and thus may shed light on the potential pathobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Sulopenem for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Including Pyelonephritis: A Phase 3, Randomized Trial
Authors: Dunne Michael W , Aronin Steven I , Das Anita F , Akinapelli Karthik , Breen Jeanne , Zelasky Michael T , Puttagunta Sailaja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Sulopenem is a thiopenem antibiotic being developed for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. The availability of both intravenous (IV) and oral formulations will facilitate earlier hospital discharge.

Methods
Hospitalized adults with pyuria, bacteriuria, and signs and symptoms of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) were randomized to 5 days of IV sulopenem followed by oral sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid or 5 days of IV ertapenem followed by oral ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin-clavulanate, depending on uropathogen susceptibility. The primary end point was overall combined clinical and microbiologic response at the test-of-cure visit (day 21).

Results
Of 1392 treated patients, 444 and 440 treated with sulopenem and ertapenem, respectively, had a positive baseline urine culture and were eligible for the primary efﬁcacy analyses. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing organisms were identified in 26.6% of patients and fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible pathogens in 38.6%. For the primary end point, noninferiority of sulopenem to the comparator regimen was not demonstrated, 67.8% vs 73.9% (difference, −6.1%; 95% confidence interval, −12.0 to −.1%). The difference was driven by a lower rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the subgroup of ertapenem-treated patients who stepped down to ciprofloxacin. No substantial difference in overall response was observed at any other time point. Both IV and oral formulations of sulopenem were well-tolerated and compared favorably to the comparator.

Conclusions
Sulopenem followed by oral sulopenem-etzadroxil/probenecid was not noninferior to ertapenem followed by oral step-down therapy for the treatment of cUTIs, driven by a lower rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria in those who received ciprofloxacin. Both formulations of sulopenem were well-tolerated.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT03357614.
Case series of transcatherter edge-to-edge repair using MitraClip™ system with Impella® mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Tanaka Shuhei , Imamura Teruhiko , Narang Nikhil , Fukuo Atsuko , Nakamura Makiko , Fukuda Nobuyuki , Ueno Hiroshi , Kinugawa Koichiro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) is a major comorbidity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using the MitraClip™ system is a promising tool for selected patients with SMR and HFrEF. Durable success using this system in patients who have advanced heart failure and unsuitable anatomy remains a clinical challenge.

Case summary
Three patients aged 67–72 years with HFrEF on inotropic support successfully underwent Impella®-assisted TEER at our centre. Following the procedure, two patients were able to be weaned off inotropic support and were discharged, while one patient expired during the index hospitalization.

Discussion
Impella®-assisted TEER may be a feasible strategy for patients with SMR and HFrEF with unstable haemodynamics particularly when cardiac replacement therapy is not applicable.
Pepper bHLH transcription factor CabHLH035 contributes to salt tolerance by modulating ion homeostasis and proline biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Huafeng , Guo Jiangbai , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhou Yunyun , Pei Yingping , Chen Lang , ul Haq Saeed , Lu Minghui , Gong Haijun , Chen Rugang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Members of the bHLH family of transcription factors play important roles in multiple aspects of plant biological processes, for instance, abiotic stress responses. Previously, we characterized CaNAC035, a gene that positively regulates stress tolerance and identified CabHLH035, a CaNAC035-interacting protein in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In this study, we describe the role of CabHLH035 in the response to salt stress. Our results show that the expression of CabHLH035 increased following salt treatment. Transient expression of CabHLH035 (CabHLH035-To) in pepper enhanced salt tolerance, ectopic expression of CabHLH035 in Arabidopsis increased the salt stress tolerance, whereas knocking down the expression of CabHLH035 in pepper plants resulted in decreased salt tolerance. Homologs of the Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate acid synthetase (P5CS) genes showed drastically increased expression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing CabHLH035 and CabHLH035-To plants, but expression decreased in CabHLH035-silenced plants. Our results also showed that CabHLH035 can directly bind to the CaSOS1 and CaP5CS gene promoters and positively activate their expression. We found that transgenic Arabidopsis plants, ectopic expression of CabHLH035 and pepper plants transiently overexpressing CabHLH035 (CabHLH035-To) showed lower Na+ and higher proline contents in response to NaCl treatment, while CabHLH035-silenced plants had higher Na+ and lower proline concentrations. Overall, CabHLH035 plays important roles in salt tolerance through its effects on the intracellular Na+ : K+ ratio and proline biosynthesis.
Padé-parametric FEM approximation for fractional powers of elliptic operators on manifolds
Authors: Duan Beiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on numerical approximation for fractional powers of elliptic operators on two-dimensional manifolds. Firstly, the parametric finite element method is employed to discretize the original problem. We then approximate fractional powers of the discrete elliptic operator by the product of rational functions, each of which is a diagonal Padé approximant for the corresponding power function. Rigorous error analysis is carried out and sharp error bounds are presented that show that the scheme is robust for $\alpha \rightarrow 0^+$ and $\alpha \rightarrow 1^-$. The cost of the proposed algorithm is solving some elliptic problems. Since the approach is exponentially convergent with respect to the number of solves, it is very efficient. Some numerical tests are given to confirm our theoretical analysis and the robustness of the algorithm.
Not all phenotypes are created equal: covariates of success in e-phenotype specification
Authors: Hamidi Bashir , Flume Patrick A , Simpson Kit N , Alekseyenko Alexander V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Electronic (e)-phenotype specification by noninformaticist investigators remains a challenge. Although validation of each patient returned by e-phenotype could ensure accuracy of cohort representation, this approach is not practical. Understanding the factors leading to successful e-phenotype specification may reveal generalizable strategies leading to better results.

Materials and Methods
Noninformaticist experts (n = 21) were recruited to produce expert-mediated e-phenotypes using i2b2 assisted by a honest data-broker and a project coordinator. Patient- and visit-sets were reidentified and a random sample of 20 charts matching each e-phenotype was returned to experts for chart-validation. Attributes of the queries and expert characteristics were captured and related to chart-validation rates using generalized linear regression models.

Results
E-phenotype validation rates varied according to experts’ domains and query characteristics (mean = 61%, range 20–100%). Clinical domains that performed better included infectious, rheumatic, neonatal, and cancers, whereas other domains performed worse (psychiatric, GI, skin, and pulmonary). Match-rate was negatively impacted when specification of temporal constraints was required. In general, the increase in e-phenotype specificity contributed positively to match-rate.

Discussions and Conclusions
Clinical experts and informaticists experience a variety of challenges when building e-phenotypes, including the inability to differentiate clinical events from patient characteristics or appropriately configure temporal constraints; a lack of access to available and quality data; and difficulty in specifying routes of medication administration. Biomedical query mediation by informaticists and honest data-brokers in designing e-phenotypes cannot be overstated. Although tools such as i2b2 may be widely available to noninformaticists, successful utilization depends not on users’ confidence, but rather on creating highly specific e-phenotypes.
Abbreviated Breast MRI Utilization: A Survey of the Society of Breast Imaging
Authors: Grimm Lars J , Conant Emily F , Dialani Vandana M , Dontchos Brian N , Harvey Jennifer A , Kacharia Vidhi S , Plecha Donna M , Mango Victoria L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
To survey Society of Breast Imaging (SBI) membership on their use of abbreviated breast MRI to understand variability in practice patterns.

Methods
A survey was developed by the SBI Patient Care and Delivery committee for distribution to SBI membership in July and August 2021. Eighteen questions queried practice demographics and then abbreviated breast MRI practices regarding initial adoption, scheduling and finances, MRI protocols, and interpretations. Comparisons between responses were made by practice demographics.

Results
There were 321 respondents (response rate: 15.3%), of whom 25% (81/321) currently offer and 26% (84/321) plan to offer abbreviated breast MRI. Practices in the South (37/107, 35%) and Midwest (22/70, 31%) were more likely to offer abbreviated MRI (P = 0.005). Practices adopted many strategies to raise awareness, most directed at referring providers. The mean charge to patients was $414, and only 6% of practices offer financial support. The median time slot for studies is 20 minutes, with only 15% of practices using block scheduling of consecutive breast MRIs. Regarding MRI protocols, 64% (37/58) of respondents included only a single first-pass post-contrast sequence, and 90% (52/58) included T2-weighted sequences. Patient eligibility was highly varied, and a majority of respondents (37/58, 64%) do not provide any recommendations for screening intervals in non–high-risk women.

Conclusion
Abbreviated breast MRI utilization is growing rapidly, and practices are applying a variety of strategies to facilitate adoption. Although there is notable variability in patient eligibility, follow-up intervals, and costs, there is some agreement regarding abbreviated breast MRI protocols.
Calcified Axillary Lesions on Mammography: Review and Management
Authors: Rai Aayushi , Fishman Michael D C , Rives Anna F , Slanetz Priscilla J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen interpreting mammography, breast radiologists may identify radiopaque densities in the axilla on the mediolateral oblique or lateral projections. When such densities are encountered, true calcifications must be differentiated from pseudocalcifications (artifact). Using imaging, breast radiologists should be able to localize the finding as being dermal, within the soft tissues, within a lymph node, or intramuscular. By combining the anatomic location with the clinical presentation and any other imaging findings, breast radiologists will be able to determine the most appropriate management.
Economic insecurity and political preferences
Authors: Bossert Walter , Clark Andrew E , D’Ambrosio Conchita , Lepinteur Anthony 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Economic insecurity has attracted growing attention, but there is no consensus as to its definition. We characterize a class of individual economic-insecurity measures based on the time profile of economic resources. We apply this economic-insecurity measure to political-preference data in the USA, UK, and Germany. Conditional on current economic resources, economic insecurity is associated with both greater political participation (support for a party or the intention to vote) and more support for conservative parties. In particular, economic insecurity predicts greater support for both Donald Trump before the 2016 US Presidential election and the UK leaving the European Union in the 2016 Brexit referendum.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced arthralgia is tightly associated with improved overall survival in cancer patients
Authors: Maeda Ayaka , Takase-Minegishi Kaoru , Kirino Yohei , Hamada Naoki , Kunishita Yosuke , Yoshimi Ryusuke , Meguro Akira , Namkoong Ho , Horita Nobuyuki , Nakajima Hideaki ,   Yokohama City University irAE Working Group, Hamada Naoki , Kirino Yohei , Tokuhisa Motohiko , Kondo Keiichi , Nakaigawa Noboru , Kobayashi Nobuaki , Sano Daisuke , Hagihara Maki , Oridate Nobuhiko , Kaneko Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yukie , Yao Masahiro , Ichikawa Yasushi , Nakajima Hideaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesWith the increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients, arthralgia has been the most commonly reported musculoskeletal immune-related adverse event (irAE). We aimed to characterize arthralgia and its association with overall survival (OS).Material and methodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting on data for ICI-induced arthralgia from four online databases were comprehensively investigated. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated for arthralgia using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Individual patient data were reconstructed from RCTs assessing OS in patients with or without ICI-induced arthralgia. We also retrospectively collected data on the clinical features and outcomes of ICI-induced arthralgia in the Yokohama City University (YCU) registry.ResultsWe analysed 14 377 patients from 24 RCTs. The OR of ICI-induced arthralgia was 1.37 (95% CI 1.20, 1.56). Of the 369 patients in the YCU registry, 50 (13.6%) developed ICI-induced arthralgia. Among them, 30 had other grade ≥2 irAEs, which was noticeably more frequent than in those without arthralgia (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.04, 3.52). By irAE types, a significant difference was found for relative adrenal insufficiency (OR 3.88, 95% CI 1.80, 8.39). In the YCU registry, patients with (vs without) ICI-induced arthralgia had better OS (log-rank, P &lt; 0.001). OS results were validated from RCT patients with matched cancer types, drugs, and time to arthralgia onset (hazard ratio 0.34, 95% CI 0.17, 0.65, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsIf arthralgia develops after ICIs, another irAE, such as relative adrenal insufficiency, may have developed. The incidence of arthralgia was associated with better OS, and the condition of patients with irAEs must be carefully evaluated to determine optimal management.
KUROBUTA LTD v HALLSWORTH
Authors:   Appointed Person (Trade Marks)
Published: September 2022

Abstract
H1 Trade marks — Invalidity proceedings—Restaurant names — KUROBUTA — Locus standi — Earlier right — Passing off — Proprietorship — Relevant dates — Assignment of goodwill — Exclusion of the benefit of actual or potential claims — Effect of assignments in gross — Partial invalidity — Likelihood of confusion —Appeal to Appointed Person
KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV v TINNO MOBILE TECHNOLOGY CORP
Authors:   Chancery Division
Published: September 2022

Abstract
H1 Patents—European patents—Standards essential patents—Infringement proceedings—FRAND issues—Co-pending proceedings in France—Application to stay the English proceedings—Whether English court first seised—Whether related actions—Whether risk of irreconcilable judgments—Relevance of previous jurisdictional challenge under CPR Part 11—Declaratory relief—Interim damages applications—Disclosure in relation to damages claim