bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Propranolol Against Dental Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Steenen Serge A. , Su Naichuan , van Westrhenen Roos , van Wijk Arjen J. , Tjia Daniël S. L. , de Lange Jan , de Jongh Ad 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPromising results from a trauma reactivation study on post-traumatic stress disorder suggest that propranolol is capable of attenuating symptoms of traumatically induced mental disorders by blocking memory reconsolidation.MethodsA randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled, quadruple-blind trial was designed to determine the effectiveness of perioperative propranolol during exposure to dental extractions in reducing dental anxiety in patients with dental anxiety or dental phobia. Between November 2014 and December 2018, 52 patients with high levels of fear in anticipation of dental extractions who were referred to a department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for at least two tooth and/or molar removals with 1 month in between were included. On the first visit participants received either 120 mg of perioperative oral propranolol (n = 19) or placebo (n = 17), and a core fear memory was reactivated 1 h preoperatively. The primary outcome was change in severity of dental anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up, as indexed by the short version of the dental anxiety inventory (S-DAI). Secondary outcome measures were change in intra-operative state anxiety and specific phobia diagnoses.ResultsLinear mixed model (LMM) yielded no statistically significant difference in change of dental trait anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up between propranolol and placebo groups (Cohen's d = 0.23). S-DAI scores decreased in both study arms from baseline to follow-up (propranolol arm: from 32.1 [SD = 7.3] to 29.1 [SD = 8.8]; placebo arm: from 31.6 [SD = 7.5] to 27.1 [SD = 6.5]). Also, administering propranolol was not associated with a significant difference in change of intra-operative state anxiety or phobia diagnoses between groups over time.ConclusionsThe results do not concur with earlier findings regarding post-traumatic stress disorder, and suggest that individuals with traumatically induced fears or phobias do not benefit from the application of perioperative propranolol.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis in the Piedmont Region, Italy: Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Popovic Maja , Fiano Valentina , Moirano Giovenale , Chiusa Luigi , Conway David I. , Garzino Demo Paolo , Gilardetti Marco , Iorio Giuseppe Carlo , Moccia Chiara , Ostellino Oliviero , Pecorari Giancarlo , Ramieri Guglielmo , Ricardi Umberto , Riva Giuseppe , Virani Shama , Richiardi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has likely affected the most vulnerable groups of patients and those requiring time-critical access to healthcare services, such as patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to use time trend data to assess the impact of COVID-19 on timely diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the Italian Piedmont region.MethodsThis study was based on two different data sources. First, regional hospital discharge register data were used to identify incident HNC in patients ≥18 years old during the period from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020. Interrupted time-series analysis was used to model the long-time trends in monthly incident HNC before COVID-19 while accounting for holiday-related seasonal fluctuations in the HNC admissions. Second, in a population of incident HNC patients eligible for recruitment in an ongoing clinical cohort study (HEADSpAcE) that started before the COVID-19 pandemic, we compared the distribution of early-stage and late-stage diagnoses between the pre-COVID-19 and the COVID-19 period.ResultsThere were 4,811 incident HNC admissions in the 5-year period before the COVID-19 outbreak and 832 admissions in 2020, of which 689 occurred after the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. An initial reduction of 28% in admissions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62–0.84) was largely addressed by the end of 2020 (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.89–1.03) when considering the whole population, although there were some heterogeneities. The gap between observed and expected admissions was particularly evident and had not completely recovered by the end of the year in older (≥75 years) patients (RR: 0.88, 0.76–1.01), patients with a Romano-Charlson comorbidity index below 2 (RR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84–1.00), and primary surgically treated patients (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.97). In the subgroup of patients eligible for the ongoing active recruitment, we observed no evidence of a shift toward a more advanced stage at diagnosis in the periods following the first pandemic wave.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected differentially the management of certain groups of incident HNC patients, with more pronounced impact on older patients, those treated primarily surgically, and those with less comorbidities. The missed and delayed diagnoses may translate into worser oncological outcomes in these patients.
Validation of dMEREM, the Detailed Mars Energetic Radiation Environment Model, with RAD Data from the Surface of Mars
Authors: Gonçalves Patrícia , Arruda Luísa , Pinto Marco 
Published: February 2022

The detailed Martian Energetic Radiation Environment Model (dMEREM) is a Geant4 based model developed for the European Space Agency, which enables to predict the radiation environment expected at different locations on the Martian orbit, atmosphere and surface, as a function of epoch, latitude and longitude, taking into account the specific atmospheric and soil composition, based on different particle propagation codes for primary Galactic Cosmic Rays or Solar Particle Events. This work describes the validation of dMEREM with differential proton fluxes measured with the NASA Curiosity rover Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) at the Gale Crater, at the surface of Mars, from 15 November 2015 to 15 January 2016 and in the beginning of September 2017, using two different Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) models, the ISO-15 390 and the Badhwar-O’Neill 2014 models. This work includes a comparative study of the available Geant4 physics lists in describing the RAD measured proton spectrum, and an investigation of the proton directional spectrum at the Martian surface, and on its effect on the comparisons between models and data, which are necessarily measured within a limited field-of-view. For both GCR models and data periods there was a good agreement between the proton fluxes in the energy range between 10 and 90 MeV measured at the surface of Mars with RAD and the corresponding dMEREM predictions. Therefore, although the RAD only measures a limited field-of-view in zenith angle of the Martian Particle Radiation Field, and this effect has to be taken into account, the results obtained constitute an important benchmark in the use of dMEREM in the assessment of the expected ionising radiation field on the surface of Mars.
Public Attitudes During the Second Lockdown: Sentiment and Topic Analyses Using Tweets From Ontario, Canada
Authors: Tsao Shu-Feng , MacLean Alexander , Chen Helen , Li Lianghua , Yang Yang , Butt Zahid Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

Objective:This study aimed to explore topics and sentiments using tweets from Ontario, Canada, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Tweets were collected from December 5, 2020, to March 6, 2021, excluding non-individual accounts. Dates of vaccine-related events and policy changes were collected from public health units in Ontario. The daily number of COVID-19 cases was retrieved from the Ontario provincial government’s public health database. Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used for unsupervised topic modelling. VADER was used to calculate daily and average sentiment compound scores for topics identified.Results:Vaccine, pandemic, business, lockdown, mask, and Ontario were six topics identified from the unsupervised topic modelling. The average sentiment compound score for each topic appeared to be slightly positive, yet the daily sentiment compound scores varied greatly between positive and negative emotions for each topic.Conclusion:Our study results have shown a slightly positive sentiment on average during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, along with six topics. Our research has also demonstrated a social listening approach to identify what the public sentiments and opinions are in a timely manner.
Antibacterial Potential of Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq) Willd Fruit against Aeromonas spp. of Aquaculture Importance
Authors: Rangel-López Lenin , Rivero-Perez Nallely , Valladares-Carranza Benjamín , Olmedo-Juárez Agustín , Delgadillo-Ruiz Lucía , Vega-Sánchez Vicente , Hori-Oshima Sawako , Nassan Mohamed A. , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Zaragoza-Bastida Adrian 
Published: February 2022

Aquaculture is an important source of food and livelihood for hundreds of millions of people around the world, however, aquaculture systems are affected by different factors, among them the appearance of resistant or multiresistant bacteria to antimicrobials. The secondary metabolites of plants have been proposed as alternatives for the treatment of these bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia coriaria fruit hydroalcoholic extract and gallic acid over Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, and Aeromonas dhakensis to identify new molecules for the treatment of diseases caused by Aeromonas spp. The C. coriaria fruit hydroalcoholic extract (HECc) was obtained by hydroalcoholic maceration and subjected to bipartition with ethyl acetate and water to obtain an aqueous fraction (Ac-FrCc) and an organic fraction (Ac-FrEtCc); gallic acid was purchased commercially. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), MBC/MIC ratio, and cytotoxicity of HECc, its fractions, and gallic acid were determined. The results indicate that HECc fractions (Ac-FrCc and Ac-FrEtCc) and gallic acid have bactericidal activity against A. hydrophila and A. dhakensis, but only gallic acid showed bactericidal activity against A. veronii. The HECc and Ac-FrCc showed no toxicity, Ac-FrEtCc showed low toxicity, and gallic acid showed medium toxicity. The HECc, Ac-FrCc, and Ac-FrEtCc may be alternatives for the treatment of diseases caused by the genus Aeromonas, however, in vivo assays are necessary to corroborate these results.
The Inflammatory Pattern of Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia in Muscles: The TNF-α Hypothesis
Authors: Caicedo Diego , Alvarez Clara V. , Perez-Romero Sihara , Devesa Jesús 
Published: February 2022

Background: Vascular inflammation plays a crucial role in peripheral arterial disease (PAD), although the role of the mediators involved has not yet been properly defined. The aim of this work is to investigate gene expression and plasma biomarkers in chronic limb-threating ischemia (CLTI). Methods: Using patients from the GHAS trial, both blood and ischemic muscle samples were obtained to analyze plasma markers and mRNA expression, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by using univariate (Spearman, t-Student, and X2) and multivariate (multiple logistic regression) tests. Results: A total of 35 patients were available at baseline (29 for mRNA expression). Baseline characteristics (mean): Age: 71.4 ± 12.4 years (79.4% male); TNF-α: 10.7 ± 4.9 pg/mL; hsCRP:1.6 ± 2.2 mg/dL; and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR): 3.5 ± 2.8. Plasma TNF-α was found elevated (≥8.1) in 68.6% of patients, while high hsCRP (≥0.5) was found in 60.5%. Diabetic patients with a high level of inflammation showed significantly higher levels of NOX4 expression at baseline (p = 0.0346). Plasma TNF-α had a negative correlation with NOS3 (eNOS) expression (−0.5, p = 0.015) and plasma hsCRP with VEGFA (−0.63, p = 0.005). The expression of NOX4 was parallel to that of plasma TNF-α (0.305, p = 0.037), especially in DM. Cumulative mortality at 12 months was related to NLR ≥ 3 (p = 0.019) and TNF-α ≥ 8.1 (p = 0.048). The best cutoff point for NLR to predict mortality was 3.4. Conclusions: NOX4 and TNF-α are crucial for the development and complications of lower limb ischemia, especially in DM. hsCRP could have a negative influence on angiogenesis too. NLR and TNF-α represent suitable markers of mortality in CLTI. These results are novel because they connect muscle gene expression and plasma information in patients with advanced PAD, deepening the search for new and accurate targets for this condition.
Saprophytic Bacillus Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose
Authors: Yang Huizhen , He Runying , Cui Yao , Li Ying , Ge Xizhen 
Published: February 2022

The value of Agarwood increases with time due to the gradual release of its major components, but the mechanism behind this remains unclear. Herein we reveal that the potential driving force of this process is the degradation of cellulose in Agarwood by its saprophytic Bacillus subtilis. We selected 10-year-old Agarwood from different places and then isolated the saprophytic bacteria. We confirmed these bacteria from different sources are all Bacillus and confirmed they can degrade cellulose, and the highest cellulase activity reached 0.22 U/mL. By co-cultivation of the bacterium and Agarwood powder, we found that three of the strains could release the effective components of Agarwood, while they had little effect in increasing the same components in living Aquilaria sinensis. Finally, we demonstrated that these saprophytic Bacillus subtilis have similar effects on Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and Dalbergiaod orifera T. Chen, but not on Illicium verum Hook. f, Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. In conclusion, our experiment revealed that the saprophytic Bacillus release the effective components of Agarwood by degrading cellulose, and we provide a promising way to accelerate this process by using this bacterial agent.
PRAKTEK BANGUN RUMAH TINGGAL DENGAN SISTEM ARISAN DALAM TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Safaruddin Saifuddin 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktek bangun rumah tinggal dengan sistem arisan dalam tinjauan hukum Islam di Kampung Kamande Desa Pollewani Kecamatan Tutar Kabupaten Polewali Mandar dan bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap praktek bangun rumah tinggal dengan sistem arisan di Kampung Kamande. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan to deskribe kualitatif. Untuk itu, penelitian ini menggunakan grant tour qoustion dalam bentuk observasi, wawncara dan dokumentasi terhadap pelaksana, proses dan pengamat untuk mengumpulkan data yang sifatnya kualitatif. Data yang terkumpul selanjutnya dirangkum dan dihubungkan antara kategori dan mewujudkan dalam bentuk kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arisan bangun rumah dijalankan oleh 20 orang dengan kesepakatan setiap anggota wajib membayar Rp.1,000,000,- tenaga selama 10 hari kerja, dan konsumsi. Selanjutnya dipinjamkan kepada penerima undian dengan cara mengundi melalui pertemuan yang wajib dihadiri oleh seluruh anggota. Arisan ini adalah praktek dari akad Al-qardh. Nama yang mendapat undian lebih awal sebagai pihak yang berhutang, dan nama yang mendapat undian lebih akhir sebagai pihak yang berpiutang. Praktek bangun rumah tinggal dengan sistem arisan hukumnya adalah mubah yang telah sesuai dengan syariat islam, dikonfirmasi dengan dampak maslahat dan tidak ditemukannya penyimpangan dan eksploitasi terhadap sesama. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah, 1) Praktek bangun rumah tinggal dengan sistem arisan merupakan organisasi swadaya masyarakat yang sangat berperan dalam pembangunan. 2) Arisan merupakan bagian dari muamalah yang hukumnya boleh sejauh prakteknya sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip dasar muamalah.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Sistem Upah Jasa Pemelihara Hewan Ternak (sapi) dengan gabah hasil panen(studi kasus Desa Beroangin Kecamatan Mapilli)
Authors: Rahim Rahim , Busrah Busrah 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini berupa penelitian lapangan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem Upah jasa pemelihara hewan ternak (sapi) dengan gabah hasil panen di Desa Beroangin Kecamatan Mapilli serta bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap sistem dalam transaksi ini. Lokasi penelitian berada di desa Beroangin Kecamatan Mapilli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem upah jasa pemelihara hewan ternak (sapi) dengan gabah hasil panen hanya dilakukan oleh peternak yang propesinya sebagai petani penghasil gabah dan buruh yang punya pakan dan lahan yang mendukung untuk hewan ternak (sapi).Perhitungan upah buruh pemelihara hewan ternak (sapi) dilihat dari banyaknya sapi yang dipelihara kemudian ditentukan 1 sapi sama dengan 1 karung gabah dengan berat 100 kg. Apabila terjadi kegagalan panen maka upah akan diganti oleh pemberi kerja dengan upah jenis yang sama atau dengan uang seharga gabah yang harus diberikan. Tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap sistem upah dalam transaksi ini, ditinjau dari komoditas yang dijadikan sebagai upah untuk buruh yang sifatnya tidak jelas (Gharar) diperjelas oleh ganti yang sudah disepakati diawal akad. Transaksi ini tidak bertentangan dengan Syara' dan hukumnya boleh dilakukan karena berlangsung atas dasar suka sama suka diantara kedua belah pihak. Selain itu sistem seperti ini sudah menjadi kebiasaan dimasyarakat dan kebiasaan itu bisa menjadi acuan hukum dalam Islam selama tidak merugikan dan tidak ada Nash yang melarang.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG PRAKTIK PENIMBANGAN SEPIHAK DALAM AKAD JUAL BELI BUAH KELAPA SAWIT DI DESA BULU MARIO KECAMATAN SARUDU
Authors: Munira Munira , Malik Abdul 
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini memakai sistem penelitian kualitatif memakai pendekatan sosial serta syar’i. Untuk memdapatkan sebuah data atau informasi yang benar, jadi sumber data yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini yakni, sumber data primer dan sekunder. Tehnik pengambilan informasi yakni observasi, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat bagaimanakah tinjauan hukum syariah tentang praktik penimbangan sepihak di dalam akad jual beli kelapa sawit di desa Bulu Mario Kecamatan Sarudu serta ingin melihat bagaimana praktek penimbangan sepihak di dalam akad jual beli buah sawit di desa Bulu Mario Kecamatan Sarudu. Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, bisa disimpulkan bahwa praktik menimbang sepihak di dalam akad jual beli buah kelapa sawit di desa Bulu Mario Kecamatan Sarudu Kabupaten Pasangkayu. Dilaksanakan pada saat para petani sudah memanen buah kelapa sawitnya serta menyusun buah kelapa sawit dilapak para petani serta saat praktik penimbangan dilaksanakan pihak penjual tidak menghadiri proses penimbangan berlangsung serta hanya bermodalkan saling percaya. Dari tinjauan hukum islam tidak dibolehkan, sebab terdapat salah satu rukun jual beli tidak tercapai ialah sighat (ijab qabul). Kemudian jika ditarik dari segi adat kebiasaan tentang penimbangan sepihak di dalam akad jual dan beli buah kelapa sawit yang sudah cukup lama dilakukan oleh sebagian besar masyarakat desa Bulu Mario maka kegiatan tersebut boleh saja dilakukan (mubah), sebab adat kebiasaan harus selalu ditaati dan dihormati karna memiliki akibat hukum dan sanksi, dan selagi tidak merugikan atau mendatangkan mudharat bagi pihak yang bersangkutan itu boleh saja dilakukan.
Pelaksanaan Sistem Bagi Hasil Gadai Sawah Antara Penggadai dan Penggarap Sawah Di Desa Patampanua Kecamatan Matakali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Wahyuni Wahyuni , Busrah Busrah 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk: 1) Megetahui sistem bagi hasil gadai sawah yang terjadi antara penggadai dan penggarap di Desa Patampanua Kecamatan Matakali. 2) Megetahui pandangan hukum islam mengenai sistem bagi hasil gadai sawah yang terjadi antara penggadai dan penggarap di desa Patampanua kecamatan Matakali.Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah sumber data primer dan sekunder. Kemudian teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang dimana penelitian deskriptif kualitataif yaitu analisis harus dilakukan secara terus-menerus agar data yang diperoleh baik melalui wawancara dan dokumen-dokumen sehingga dapat menghasilkan kesimpulan yang kongret dan vailid. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa sistem bagi hasil gadai sawah antara penggadai dan penggarap sawah yang ada di Desa Patampanua didasarkan pada tradisi masyarakat dengan membagi hasil dengan rata (penggadai dan penggarap) dan bagi hasil satu banding dua (satu untuk penggadai dan dua untuk penggarap) dan hal tersebut sudah berlangsung sejak lama. Dalam pandangan hukum islam sendiri sistem bagi hasil tersebut tidak dilarang selama tidak ada dalil yang melarangnya dan dalam akadnya tidak terdapat hal yang fasid serta tidak melanggar konsep moral Islam dalam hal bagi hasil sehingga tercipta kerja sama yang dapat saling menguntungkan satu sama lain tanpa merugikan salah satu pihak mana pun. Bila dijalankan sesuai dengan aturan bagi hasil itu sendiri maka dapat mendatangkan kemakmuran bagi kehidupan dengan cara yang benar dan di ridhoi oleh Allah SWT. Kata kunci: Bagi hasil, gadai sawah, penggadai, penggarap.
Effects of combined coils on the uniformity of RF ion source
Authors: Hu Yongjie , Zhang Yudong , Li Xingyu , Yuan Jie , Guan Lulu , Liu Zhuang , Liu Xiaobo , Hu Dongdong , Xu Kaidong , Zhuang Shiwei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The radio frequency (RF) ion source is significant in the industry because of its advantages of easy control and maintenance, low gas consumption, high energy and high-density plasma generation abilities. Unfortunately, the problem of high-density plasma uniformity limits its applications. RF coils, as the most important part of the ion source, play a critical role on plasma density and distribution. In this paper, we performed simulations of the combined coils magnetic field and plasma with power distribution and conducted process experiments with the RF ion source to obtain its etching uniformity by the characterization of a step profiler. The results show that the application of the same direction and a suitable coil current is beneficial to extend the uniformity range. The uniformity is improved by applying reversed coil currents. The results of process experiments are consistent with the simulation conclusions. This paper provides informative suggestions for the optimization of coil structures in the RF ion source.
Novel optical applications inspired by the Morpho butterfly’s coloration: technology transfer from reflection to transmission
Authors: Saito Akira , Yamashita Kazuma , Hattori Takuma , Kuwahara Yuji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Morpho butterfly’s blue is a famous example of structural colors but its mechanisms are exceptional, accompanied by a mystery. This color is created by interference from an ordered nanostructure, whereas the single color in wide angles contradicts the interference. This secret is attributed to a specific nanostructure having both order and disorder. After proof of this mechanism by artificial reproduction, we have found its wide potential applicability, and developed the fabrication technology in several directions. Moreover, by converting this reflective principle to transmission, we have also found a possibility of new optical transmission devices with high transmittance, wide angular spread, low color dispersion, compactness, and controllability of light spread which have been impossible to meet simultaneously. Although our originally proposed nanostructure was difficult to fabricate, we have designed a feasible nanostructure to solve the problem. Finally, a Morpho-type window was successfully fabricated and verified, which can serve as a novel optical diffuser.