bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Durvalumab With or Without Tremelimumab in Combination With Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase III POSEIDON Study
Authors: Johnson Melissa L. , Cho Byoung Chul , Luft Alexander , Alatorre-Alexander Jorge , Geater Sarayut Lucien , Laktionov Konstantin , Kim Sang-We , Ursol Grygorii , Hussein Maen , Lim Farah Louise , Yang Cheng-Ta , Araujo Luiz Henrique , Saito Haruhiro , Reinmuth Niels , Shi Xiaojin , Poole Lynne , Peters Solange , Garon Edward B. , Mok Tony ,   for the POSEIDON investigators
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE The open-label, phase III POSEIDON study evaluated tremelimumab plus durvalumab and chemotherapy (T + D + CT) and durvalumab plus chemotherapy (D + CT) versus chemotherapy alone (CT) in first-line metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). METHODS Patients (n = 1,013) with EGFR/ ALK wild-type mNSCLC were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to tremelimumab 75 mg plus durvalumab 1,500 mg and platinum-based chemotherapy for up to four 21-day cycles, followed by durvalumab once every 4 weeks until progression and one additional tremelimumab dose; durvalumab plus chemotherapy for up to four 21-day cycles, followed by durvalumab once every 4 weeks until progression; or chemotherapy for up to six 21-day cycles (with or without maintenance pemetrexed; all arms). Primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for D + CT versus CT. Key alpha-controlled secondary end points were PFS and OS for T + D + CT versus CT. RESULTS PFS was significantly improved with D + CT versus CT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.89; P = .0009; median, 5.5 v 4.8 months); a trend for improved OS did not reach statistical significance (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.02; P = .0758; median, 13.3 v 11.7 months; 24-month OS, 29.6% v 22.1%). PFS (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.86; P = .0003; median, 6.2 v 4.8 months) and OS (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.92; P = .0030; median, 14.0 v 11.7 months; 24-month OS, 32.9% v 22.1%) were significantly improved with T + D + CT versus CT. Treatment-related adverse events were maximum grade 3/4 in 51.8%, 44.6%, and 44.4% of patients receiving T + D + CT, D + CT, and CT, respectively; 15.5%, 14.1%, and 9.9%, respectively, discontinued treatment because of treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION D + CT significantly improved PFS versus CT. A limited course of tremelimumab added to durvalumab and chemotherapy significantly improved OS and PFS versus CT, without meaningful additional tolerability burden, representing a potential new option in first-line mNSCLC.
Machine learning model to predict endophytic colonisation of rice cultivar plant tissues by Beauveria bassiana isolates and their potential as bio-control agents against rice stem borer using existing knowledge
Authors: Megnidio-Tchoukouegno Mireille Merlise , Gueguim Kana Evariste Bosco , Bancole Wonroo B.A. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Finding well-known Beauveria bassiana isolates that could preserve rice crops from Sesamia calamistis (stem borer) is problematic. Another difficult task is the development of precise inoculation methods, which have been employed for their establishment as endophytes in cereal crops. This study proposed machine learning models to predict the best entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana that could directly protect rice crops against Sesamia calamistis. Methods: Data driven machine learning decisions were implemented and assessed from 60 experimental runs with nine different feature/input variables and three target/output variables following foliar spray and seed treatment inoculation method. The feature variables consisted of rice plant tissue, such as Nerica-L19, Nerica1, Nerica8, the time, and the five promising isolates Beauveria bassiana (Bb3, Bb4, Bb10, Bb21, Bb35). The target variable consisted of the number of colonised roots, stems and leaves, expressed as a percentage depending on the degree of protection after each inoculation. A data driven decision by the extreme gradient boosting regression algorithm was used to proficiently abstract the situation where there is no direct relationship between features and target variables. Results: The foliar spray inoculation method exhibited high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99, 0.98 and 0.94 depending on the number of colonised stems, roots and leaves, respectively, while the seed treatment approach exhibited the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91, 0.87 and 0.75, respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm effectively abstracted the nonlinear relationship between the attribute variables that were taken into consideration and predicted Beauveria bassiana as a bio-pesticide for rice and perhaps other cereal stem borers. Thus, this XGBoost regression model could be used to navigate the optimization domain and reduce the development time of the biocontrol process.
The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) network nested case-cohort study protocol: a multi-omics approach to understanding mortality among children in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia
Authors: Njunge James M. , Tickell Kirkby , Diallo Abdoulaye Hama , Sayeem Bin Shahid Abu Sadat Mohammad , Gazi Md. Amran , Saleem Ali , Kazi Zaubina , Ali Syed , Tigoi Caroline , Mupere Ezekiel , Lancioni Christina L. , Yoshioka Emily , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Mburu Moses , Ngari Moses , Ngao Narshion , Gichuki Bonface , Omer Elisha , Gumbi Wilson , Singa Benson , Bandsma Robert , Ahmed Tahmeed , Voskuijl Wieger , Williams Thomas N. , Macharia Alex , Makale Johnstone , Mitchel Anna , Williams Jessica , Gogain Joe , Janjic Nebojsa , Mandal Rupasri , Wishart David S. , Wu Hang , Xia Lei , Routledge Michael , Gong Yun Yun , Espinosa Camilo , Aghaeepour Nima , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric , Lawley Trevor D. , Browne Hilary , Shao Yan , Rwigi Doreen , Kariuki Kevin , Kaburu Timothy , Uhlig Holm H. , Gartner Lisa , Jones Kelsey , Koulman Albert , Walson Judd , Berkley James 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Many acutely ill children in low- and middle-income settings have a high risk of mortality both during and after hospitalisation despite guideline-based care. Understanding the biological mechanisms underpinning mortality may suggest optimal pathways to target for interventions to further reduce mortality. The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition (CHAIN) Network (www.chainnnetwork.org) Nested Case-Cohort Study (CNCC) aims to investigate biological mechanisms leading to inpatient and post-discharge mortality through an integrated multi-omic approach. Methods and analysis; The CNCC comprises a subset of participants from the CHAIN cohort (1278/3101 hospitalised participants, including 350 children who died and 658 survivors, and 270/1140 well community children of similar age and household location) from nine sites in six countries across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Systemic proteome, metabolome, lipidome, lipopolysaccharides, haemoglobin variants, toxins, pathogens, intestinal microbiome and biomarkers of enteropathy will be determined. Computational systems biology analysis will include machine learning and multivariate predictive modelling with stacked generalization approaches accounting for the different characteristics of each biological modality. This systems approach is anticipated to yield mechanistic insights, show interactions and behaviours of the components of biological entities, and help develop interventions to reduce mortality among acutely ill children. Ethics and dissemination. The CHAIN Network cohort and CNCC was approved by institutional review boards of all partner sites. Results will be published in open access, peer reviewed scientific journals and presented to academic and policy stakeholders. Data will be made publicly available, including uploading to recognised omics databases. Trial registration NCT03208725.
Reception of the values of the Aeschylus drama and mnemonic imprints by ancient tragedy spectators
Authors: Mastrothanasis Konstantinos , Grammatas Theodore 
Published: November 2022

Background: Ancient Greek tragedy remains today a special dramatic genre that expresses the concept of the classic through time, perhaps better than any other form of art and culture, representing, as a theatrical expression, the vision of the conception and expression of values of a particular era. In this context, the purpose of the present research is to study the humanitarian values of European culture, as they are expressed in ancient Greek drama, and to highlight the way in which these values are projected through modern drama and are impressed on the spectators. Methods: To achieve this goal, 105 spectators watched the tragedy of Aeschylus ‘Seven against Thebes’ directed by Cesaris Grauzinis and answered, both immediately after watching the performance and six months later, a questionnaire, in order to record their opinions about the theatre performance they had attended. Results: According to the findings of the comparative analyses, it emerged that the messages and values governing the work remain unchanged for its viewers over time. The memory is based on original audio-visual elements and directorial findings, confirming that it preserves the messages of the symbolism of the performance as well as the channels through which they were conveyed to the audience. Conclusions: The correspondences between the past and the present, as well as the contrasts on stage, contributed to the reproduction of the fundamental moral values that the dramatic work brought, highlighting the work and messages of Aeschylus.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Paediatrics: A Short Review
Authors: Tei Monica , Lotti Federica , Storelli Flavio , Grosso Salvatore 
Published: November 2022

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an under-recognized cause of paediatric liver disease. Although DILI in children accounts for about 1% of all reported adverse drug reactions throughout all age groups and less than 10% of all clinical DILI cases, it is responsible for about 20% of acute liver failure (ALF) cases. A wide range of drugs, herbal products and nutritional supplements have been associated with the development of DILI through dose-dependent, idiosyncratic or indirect mechanism. Limited literature is available in pediatric population, making DILI a still challenging diagnosis. An accurate medical history is of pivotal importance and should investigate about drug consumption, clinical and laboratory findings, individual and family risk factors for drug-related side effects or comorbidities, the timing of the injury onset after the implicated agent has been started (latency). Clinical presentation of DILI varies from asymptomatic or very mild to serious and sometimes fatal conditions; laboratory tests may be helpful in ruling out other causes of liver injury but, with few exceptions, they are aspecific. Early suspicion and prompt withdrawal of the offending drug play a key role for a successful management of most cases.
Rarely a specific therapy is available, as for acetaminophen toxicity, treated with N-acetylcysteine, and sodium valproate toxicity, where carnitine may be beneficial. Although controlled trials are not available yet, corticosteroids and ursodeoxycholic acid can be considered if no improvement is proven after discontinuation of drug.
The present short review is not intended to deal with all aspects concerning DILI but to focus on epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, practical management and current challenges in paediatric age.
The Prevalence of Congenital Malformation Secondary to TORCH Infection in Southeastern Romania
Authors: Pinzaru Anca Daniela , Mihai Cristina Maria , Ungureanu Adina , Cambrea Simona Claudia 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Considered a medical burden due to financial high consumption and leading to human losses the preventable congenital malformation determined by the TORCH system is still encountered in our activity. Purpose: Infant mortality is considered an important medical problem for all countries. Romania has been ranked first in Europe at infant mortality for many years in a row. Looking for strategies to decrease these results is our main purpose.
Material and Method: This study was conducted in the Pediatric Department of the Clinical County Hospital of Constanta. Through a 5-year-period (March 2015- March 2020) 21 patients, aged 1-12 months were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: According to seroprevalence distribution we gathered CMV - 9 cases, syphilis -7 cases, Hepatitis B -2 cases, congenital rubella -1 case, toxoplasmosis and HIV- 1 case each. As we can notice the higher incidence is determined by cytomegalovirus (CMV), followed by congenital syphilis and hepatitis B virus. Main complains at admission were fever (33,6%), lymphadenopathy (22,6%), seizures (12%), respiratory distress (2.5%), jaundice (5,3%), vomiting (1%), growth deficit (26%), microcephaly (4.3%), rash (15,3%). After the initial physical exam and complementary investigations, it was determined that 38% of the cases had severe neurological impairment. 25.6% were diagnosed with epilepsy. 78.5% were born preterm, and more than half were secondary to CMV infection.
Conclusion: TORCH complex has in important impact on mothers as well as on newborns and later it could affect the future adult life and health.
Big Data Processing of Diagnostic Imaging Examinations Using a Self-Developed Digital Platform
Authors: Zarakovitis Dimitrios , Tsoromokos Dimitrios , Lazakidou Athina 
Published: November 2022

Background: The aim of this survey is the presentation of a health information system that is eligible for processing and archiving clinical and economic health data by creating an online database that spots the origin of data on digital maps. Data concerns the cost of imaging examinations, number of hospital beds and number of clinical examinations.
Methods: Geographical information Systems (GIS) can be used for the rational management of diagnostic imaging examinations and the creation of a data basement that contains clinical protocols, patients’ history and financial data. Users can exchange large volumes of the specific data very fast even between health units and hospitals. GIS Statistics enables users to estimate several financial indicators. Data concerns 5 Greek Public Health Units (H.Us) in the 6th Health Region.
Results: GIS platform enables users to process big health data and share them on a geodatabase. SPSS analysis in combination with GIS statistics tools reveal an overtime increase of imaging exams in the majority of hospitals.
Conclusions: The presented digital platform is a very useful tool for the rational management of clinical and financial data of healthcare units. It provides easy access to big data and enables users to gain in time data from digital maps in order to improve public health.
The Association of Cortisol with Prevalent and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Older Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Radin Jennifer M. , Al-Delaimy Wael K. , Kritz-Silverstein Donna , Wingard Deborah , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Laughlin Gail A. 
Published: November 2022

Context: Previous studies report cross-sectional associations between circulating cortisol levels and type 2 diabetes in older adults; none assessed the association prospectively.
Objective: This study’s objective was to examine the association of serum cortisol with prevalent and incident diabetes in community-dwelling older adults.
Methods: Between 1984-87, 885 men and 729 women aged 50 or older had serum fasting morning cortisol measured and an oral glucose tolerance test administered at a baseline research clinic visit and were followed for up to 25 years. Logistic and cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess cortisol associations with prevalent and incident diabetes.
Results: Median age of participants was 75 years, median body mass index was 25kg/m2, and median cortisol was 91mg/ml. At baseline, 249 participants had prevalent diabetes; 118 developed diabetes during follow-up. In unadjusted analyses, the odds of prevalent diabetes for the highest cortisol quartile compared to the lowest was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.87) and remained significant after adjusting for age, sex and diabetes risk factors (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.83); associations were not significant for the second and third quartiles. Serum cortisol was not associated with incident diabetes before or after adjusting for covariates (fully-adjusted HR for highest versus lowest quartile=1.02, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.78).
Conclusions: Results suggest that in older adults, elevated cortisol levels may be a result of diabetes and its complications, rather than a cause. Further studies using cohorts with repeated cortisol measures are needed to confirm the direction of the hypercortisolemia-diabetes link.
Building a Medical Family: Family Sculpting in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Marlowe Dan 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Family sculpting has been used as a clinical technique for decades within the psychotherapy community to uncover, process, and improve upon the implicit patterns of interaction and communication that permeate the lives of family members. However, even though this technique has been broadly applied to various couple and family populations within the clinical practice of family therapy, its application has essentially been non-existent outside of this venue.
Method: The following article describes the utilization of family sculpting as a bonding technique for a group of family medicine and clinical pharmacy residents, faculty physicians, and upper administration during a yearly organizational retreat.
Results: Not only was the technique well received by the healthcare team as a whole, as evidenced by a post retreat survey, there were also several noteworthy examples of the sculpting process highlighting and addressing relational tension within the residency cohort (i.e., second year medical resident) and within administration (i.e., chief executive officer) that ultimately lead to greater team cohesion afterwards.
Discussion: While the application of the technique in a medical/educational context can be considered a unique contribution of the article, more so are the specific augmentations made to the technique itself that increases its value as an academic and organizational development tool.
Exploring the challenges to safer prescribing and medication monitoring in prisons: A qualitative study with health care staff
Authors: Magola-Makina Esnath , Abuzour Aseel S. , Ashcroft Darren M. , Dunlop James , Brown Petra , Keers Richard N. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction
Research suggests that patients who are prisoners experience greater morbidity, increased health inequalities and frequent preventable harm, compared to the general population. Little is known about the process and influencing factors for safe prescribing in the unique prison environment, which may limit the development efforts to improve the quality of care in prisons. This study aimed to understand the process and challenges associated with prescribing in prisons, explore the causes and impact of these challenges, and explore approaches to improve prescribing safety in prisons.

Methods
Grounded theory informed data collection and analysis of a nominal group discussion by seven participants and semi-structured telephone interviews with twenty prison healthcare staff, including GPs, pharmacists, psychiatrists and nurses.

Findings
The underlying complexity of prescribing in prison settings increased the level of challenge and influenced the safety of this process. Multiple contributors to the challenges of safe prescribing were identified (comprising governance and policy; the prison structure; staff retention, training and skill mix; IT systems and interface; polypharmacy and co-morbidity; tradability and patient behaviour) with overarching constructs of variations in practice/policy and the influence of prison culture. Participants identified measures to address these challenges through multi-disciplinary collaborative working, increased consistency in processes, and the need for more innovation and education/training.

Conclusions
Our study highlighted that healthcare provision in prisons is unique and needs to tailor the care provided to patients without enforcing a model focused on primary, secondary or tertiary care. Participants emphasised a necessary shift in workplace culture and behaviour change to support improvements. The COM-B model of behaviour change may be effectively applied to develop interventions in organisations that have in-depth understanding of their own unique challenges.
Factors associated with willingness to take COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women at Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia: A multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Aynalem Zewdu Bishaw , Bogale Tewodros Worku , Bantie Getasew Mulat , Ayalew Agumas Fentahun , Tamir Workineh , Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Yazew Birhaneslasie Gebeyehu 
Published: November 2022

Background
Coronavirus disease has spread worldwide since late 2019. Vaccination is critical in controlling this pandemic. However, vaccine acceptance among pregnant women is not well-studied. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics at Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. About 510 study subjects were selected using a systematic random sampling technique from August 25 to September 10/2021. Data collection was done by using an interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Epi-info 7.2 was used to enter data and then exported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Variables with a p-value < 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were entered into the multivariable analysis to control for possible confounders. Statistical significance is determined using an adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) at a p-value of < 0.05.

Results
Of 510 participants, 211 (41.4%) were willing to take COVID-19 vaccines. Maternal age ≥ 35 years (AOR: 5.678, 95% CI: 1.775–18.166), having contact history with COVID-19 diagnosed people (AOR: 7.724, 95% CI: 2.183, 27.329), having a pre-existing chronic disease (AOR: 3.131, 95% CI: 1.700–5.766), good knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine (AOR: 2.391, 95% CI: 1.144, 4.998) and good attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine (AOR: 2.128, 95% CI: 1.348) were significantly associated with the outcome variable.

Conclusions
The willingness to take COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant mothers was low. Age, contact history with COVID-19 diagnosed people, chronic disease, knowledge, and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine were factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine willingness. To enhance the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, the government with different stakeholders should strengthen public education about the importance of getting COVID-19 vaccine.