bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 23‐ to 28‐GHz 5‐bit switch‐type phase shifter with 1‐bit calibration based on optimized ABCD matrix design methods for 5G MIMO system in 0.15‐μm GaAs
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Nie Lihe , Zhang Jincheng , Wu Tianxiang , Chen Yong , Ren Junyan , Ma Shunli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe fifth‐generation (5G) mobile communication system is being developed to provide ultra‐high‐speed and large‐capacity wireless communication services. However, due to the large transmission loss in the air for high‐frequency signals, it is necessary to use large‐scale array antennas to achieve adaptive control of antenna directivity to compensate for the loss. This paper reports a passive phase shifter operating at 23–28 GHz. The proposed 5‐bit switch‐type phase shifter with 1‐bit calibration is designed in a 0.15‐μm GaAs process. A new design method based on the optimized ABCD matrix and impedance matching techniques between a chip and a printed circuit board (PCB) is developed to obtain better radio‐frequency (RF) signal transmission. The proposed phase shifter features a good‐phase performance with a measured root‐mean‐square (RMS) phase error of less than 10° across 23–28 GHz. For all the phase shift states, the insertion loss is 18 ± 2 dB at 28 GHz and the RMS gain error is less than 2.1 dB over 23–28 GHz including pads and RF connector loss. The phase shifter consumes no DC power and occupies a chip area of 2 × 0.7 mm2 including all the pads.
Sensitivity of Microwave Interferometer in the Limiter Shadow to filaments in ASDEX upgrade
Authors: Usoltceva Mariia , Heuraux Stéphane , Khabibullin Ildar , Faugel Helmut , Fünfgelder Helmut , Bobkov Volodymyr ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrowave Interferometer in the Limiter Shadow (MILS) is a new diagnostic, installed on ASDEX Upgrade for electron density measurements in the far Scrape‐Off Layer (SOL). At the chosen frequency of 47 GHz, the region of measurements varies within several centimetres before and after the limiter, depending on the density. 200 kHz bandwidth allows resolving transient events such as edge localized modes filaments and turbulence filaments. The measured quantities, phase shift, and power decay of the microwave beam, which crosses the plasma, are directly connected to the density and do not depend on any other plasma quantity. In this work, we analyse the influence of a filamentary perturbation on MILS signals. Simple representation of a filament is adopted, with parameters relevant to experimental filament properties, reported for ASDEX Upgrade. Forward modelling is done in COMSOL software by using RAPLICASOL, to study the response of the MILS synthetic diagnostic to the presence of a filament. Qualitative and quantitative dependencies are obtained and the boundaries of MILS sensitivity to filaments, or to the density perturbation in far SOL in general, are outlined.
Proposal of minimum elements for screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer by an international Delphi consensus
Authors: Kakushima Naomi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Chan Shannon Melissa , Cortas George Adel , Dinis‐Ribeiro Mario , Gonzalez Robinson , Kodashima Shinya , Lee Sun‐Young , Linghu Enqiang , Mabe Katsuhiro , Pan Wensheng , Parra‐Blanco Adolfo , Pioche Mathieu , Rollan Antonio , Sumiyama Kazuki , Tanimoto Miguel ,   World Endoscopy Organization Stomach and Duodenal Diseases Committee
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe World Endoscopy Organization Stomach and Duodenal Diseases Committee extracted minimum elements for screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) in aim to support countries that do not have national guidelines on screening and diagnosis of GC. Current national or international guidelines were collected worldwide and recommendations were classified according to the quality of evidence and were finalized through a modified Delphi method. The minimum elements consist of seven categories: [1] Extraction of high‐risk patients of GC before esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), [2] Patients who need surveillance of GC, [3] Method to ensure quality of EGD for detection of GC, [4] Individual GC risk assessment by EGD, [5] Extraction of high‐risk patients of GC after EGD [6] Qualitative or differential diagnosis of GC by EGD, and [7] Endoscopic assessment to choose the therapeutic strategy for GC. These minimum elements will be a guide to promote the elimination of GC among countries with a high incidence of GC who lack national guidelines or screening programs.
Psychometric properties of the Compulsive Exercise Test in a large sample of female adolescent and adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Vierl Larissa , Kolar David R. , Dittmer Nina , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) was developed to assess compulsive exercise in patients with eating disorders (EDs), but originally validated in a nonclinical sample, and psychometric properties were only investigated in small clinical samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine its psychometric properties in a large clinical sample of adolescent and adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.MethodA sample of 2,535 German female inpatients with EDs completed the CET and other instruments at admission and discharge. Factor structure (confirmatory [CFA] and exploratory factor analyses [EFA]), internal consistency and construct validity, measurement invariance across age and diagnostic groups, group comparisons of means, as well as sensitivity to change during treatment were assessed.ResultsThe CET showed high internal consistency, very good construct validity, and sensitivity to change. CFA indicated a better fit of four‐factor and three‐factor solutions compared to the original five‐factor model. However, subsequent EFA identified an optimum for a five‐factor model. Only three subscales were satisfactorily invariant to measurement, but not the CET total score. Only small differences in scores between patient groups were observed.DiscussionResults support internal consistency, construct validity, and sensitivity to change, whereas factor structure remains inconclusive, questioning the theoretical basis of the CET. There is limited support for using the lack of enjoyment subscale, and only moderate support for using the rigidity subscale in patients with EDs. It is recommended to further explore and/or revise the original CET, including investigation in other samples, for example, male samples.
Eligibility for pharmacological therapies in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: implications of the new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Adamson Carly , Docherty Kieran F. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Solomon Scott D. , Anand Inder S. , Zannad Faiez , Køber Lars , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), based on serum creatinine, that does not incorporate race may reclassify individuals, irrespective of race, from one eGFR category to another, with implications for eligibility for treatments in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsA total of 43 138 ambulatory patients with HFrEF from 12 clinical trials were included (mean age 64.3 years; 9580 [22.2%] women). Mean eGFR was 67 (standard deviation [SD] 21) ml/min/1.73 m2 and 70 (SD 21) ml/min/1.73 m2 using the original and new CKD‐EPI equations, respectively (mean difference 3.20 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.17–3.23, p < 0.001). Of the 935 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4 or 5, identified using the original equation, 309 (33.0%) were reclassified to CKD stages 1–3 (eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m2) with the new equation. However, the opposite was observed among the 2521 Black patients (5.8%) included, with a reduction in mean eGFR from 75 to 68 ml/min/1.73 m2 using the original and new equations, respectively (mean difference 6.94 ml/min/1.73 m2, [95% CI 6.82–7.06], p < 0.001). The number of Black patients with an eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 increased from 49 (1.9%) using the original equation to 71 (2.8%) with the new equation.ConclusionsThe new CKD‐EPI creatinine equation reclassified CKD stage in a large proportion of patients with HFrEF enrolled in clinical trials. As eGFR is an essential determinant of eligibility for several key pharmacological therapies in HFrEF, this reclassification could result in a substantial change in the proportion of patients considered eligible for such therapies and reduce the proportion of eligible Black patients.
Carbon Par: Estimating carbon status of land used by Icelandic golf courses and measuring carbon storage of turfgrass on golf fairways and mown roughs
Authors: Roald Edwin , Guðmundsson Jón 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGolf course development has in some cases included wetland drainage or use of pre‐existing wetlands. Thus, carbon dioxide loss from golf courses on organic soil can be high, whereas those on mineral soil can store carbon (C). Research indicates that mown grass can store more C than unmown grass, and that more frequent mowing, made possible with robots, can store even more. The Carbon Par project, running from 2020 up to and including 2023, estimates the C status of land used by Icelandic golf courses, to set a benchmark and thus facilitate golf's future improvement in this area. Recommendations for similar estimation elsewhere will be provided.
Refugee‐related trauma patterns and mental health symptoms across three generations of Hmong Americans
Authors: Lor Maichou , Yu Zhiyuan , Chen Wenyi , Xiong Yee , Yonker James A. , Brown Roger , Krahn Dean D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHmong adults who are Vietnam War refugees have been exposed to refugee‐related trauma, but little is known about associations between patterns of trauma exposure and mental health outcomes in Hmong adults. We examined patterns of trauma exposure and mental health symptoms (i.e., somatization, depression, anxiety, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) in three generations of Hmong adults (N= 219). Trauma exposure and probable PTSD were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire–Hmong Version. Somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Latent class analysis (LCA) and auxiliary analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and mental health symptoms were performed. The best‐fitting LCA model described three distinct classes:complex and pervasive trauma(60.3%),combat situation and deprivation trauma(26.0%), andlow exposure to refugee‐related trauma(13.7%). Participants in the complex and pervasive trauma class were the oldest, had the shortest U.S. residency, were the least proficient in English, and reported the most severe mental health symptoms; those in the combat situation and deprivation trauma class were the youngest, moderately proficient in English, and reported moderate mental health symptoms; and those in the low exposure to refugee‐related trauma class were the most proficient in English, had the longest U.S. residency, and reported the least severe mental health symptoms. Our findings call for surveillance and a trauma‐informed approach for Hmong elders with limited English proficiency, who have a high risk of experiencing accumulative effects of refugee‐related trauma and are susceptible to poor mental health outcomes.
Spectral gaps for the linear water‐wave problem in a channel with thin structures
Authors: Cancedda Andrea , Chiadó Piat Valeria , Nazarov Sergei A. , Taskinen Jari 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the linear water‐wave problem in a periodic channel , which consists of infinitely many identical containers and connecting thin structures. The connecting canals are assumed to be of constant, positive length, but their depth is proportional to a small parameter h. Motivated by applications to surface wave propagation phenomena, we study the band‐gap structure of the essential spectrum in the linear water‐wave system, which forms a spectral problem where the spectral parameter appears in the Steklov boundary condition posed on the free water surface. We show that for small h there exists a large number of spectral gaps and also find asymptotic formulas for the position of the gaps as : the endpoints are determined within corrections of order . The width of the first spectral band is shown to be .
TP53 mutations in head and neck cancer
Authors: Nathan Cherie‐Ann , Khandelwal Alok R. , Wolf Gregory T. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Mäkitie Antti A. , Saba Nabil F. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Bradford Carol R. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract are highly heterogeneous, aggressive, and multifactorial tumors affecting more than half a million patients worldwide each year. Classical etiological factors for HNSCC include alcohol, tobacco, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Current treatment options for HNSCCs encompass surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinatorial remedies. Comprehensive integrative genomic analysis of HNSCC has identified mutations in TP53 gene as the most frequent of all somatic genomic alterations. TP53 mutations are associated with either loss of wild‐type p53 function or gain of functions that promote invasion, metastasis, genomic instability, and cancer cell proliferation. Interestingly, disruptive TP53 mutations in tumor DNA are associated with aggressiveness and reduced survival after surgical treatment of HNSCC. This review summarizes the current evidence and impact of TP53 mutations in HNSCC.
Reconsidering Meat Intake and Human Health: A Review of Current Research
Authors: Xie Yunting , Ma Yafang , Cai Linlin , Jiang Shuai , Li Chunbao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMeat consumption is gradually increasing and its impact on health has attracted widespread attention, resulting in epidemiological studies proposing a reduction in meat and processed meat intake. This review briefly summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of meat or processed meat on human health, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Meat consumption varies widely among individuals, populations, and regions, with higher consumption in developed countries than in developing countries. However, increasing meat consumption may not be the main cause of increasing incidence of chronic disease, since the development of chronic disease is a complex physiological process that involves many factors, including excessive total energy intake and changes in food digestion processes, gut microbiota composition, and liver metabolism. In comparison, unhealthy dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle with decreasing energy expenditure are factors more worthy of reflection. Meat and meat products provide high‐value protein and many key essential micronutrients. In short, as long as excessive intake and overprocessing of meats are avoided, meat remains an indispensable source of nutrition for human health.
Longitudinal trajectories of caregiving experiences among primary informal caregivers of patients with metastatic solid cancer (stage IV)
Authors: See Jia Wen Faith , Teo Eng Ai Irene , Malhotra Chetna ,   COMPASS Study Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveCancer is a significant cause of mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of advanced cancer affects both patients and their family caregivers. Understanding the course of both negative and positive experiences of caregiving provides a more comprehensive understanding of the caregiving experience. The study aims to identify joint trajectories of burden and esteem among family caregivers of patients with solid metastatic cancer, and to identify caregiver characteristics that predict membership for each delineated trajectory.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study of 346 informal family caregivers of patients with solid metastatic cancer were recruited between July 2016 and December 2019. Surveys were conducted every 3 months for 2 years. We assessed caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving using the modified Caregiver Reaction Assessment. We estimated the joint trajectories for these outcomes using group‐based multi‐trajectory modelling.ResultsWe identified 4 trajectories describing caregivers with (1) low burden, moderate esteem (38.3%), (2) low burden, high esteem (20.3%), (3) high burden, low esteem (16.4%), (4) high burden, high esteem (24.9%). Compared to the ‘low burden, high esteem’ trajectory, male and non‐spousal caregivers were more likely to experience high burden and esteem while caregivers from low socioeconomic status were more likely to belong to trajectories with a high burden.ConclusionRecognising caregivers at high risk of belonging to trajectories with high burden or low esteem may enable healthcare professionals to anticipate and provide appropriate support to mitigate the impact of negative outcomes.
Efficient simulation of clinical target response surfaces
Authors: Lill Daniel , Kümmel Anne , Mitov Venelin , Kaschek Daniel , Gobeau Nathalie , Schmidt Henning , Timmer Jens 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimulation of combination therapies is challenging due to computational complexity. Either a simple model is used to simulate the response for many combinations of concentration to generate a response surface but parameter variability and uncertainty are neglected and the concentrations are constant—the link to the doses to be administered is difficult to make—or a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model is used to predict the response to combination therapy in a clinical trial taking into account the time‐varying concentration profile, interindividual variability (IIV), and parameter uncertainty but simulations are limited to only a few selected doses. We devised new algorithms to efficiently search for the combination doses that achieve a predefined efficacy target while taking into account the IIV and parameter uncertainty. The result of this method is a response surface of confidence levels, indicating for all dose combinations the likelihood of reaching the specified efficacy target. We highlight the importance to simulate across a population rather than focus on an individual. Finally, we provide examples of potential applications, such as informing experimental design.
A second hit? Pulmonary arterial hypertension, BMPR2 mutation, and exposure to prescription amphetamines
Authors: Jaliawala Huzaifa A. , Parmar Miloni , Summers Katherine , Bernardo Roberto J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe second hit hypothesis in pulmonary hypertension refers to the development of pulmonary vascular disease in individuals at risk, after an additional exposure or “hit” to factors with potential injury to the pulmonary circulation, such as drugs or toxins. We here present a case of severe pulmonary hypertension diagnosed during the third trimester of pregnancy, in a patient with familial history of pulmonary hypertension, found to have a heterozygous mutation in the BMPR2 gene, who also had chronic exposure to prescription amphetamines. We hypothesize that exposure to prescription amphetamines could act as a second hit of pulmonary vascular injury in individuals at risk of pulmonary vascular disease.
Pulmonary mucormycosis mimicking lung tumour in an uncontrolled diabetic patient
Authors: Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Fakhar Mahdi , Zakariaei Zakaria , Sharifpour Ali , Soleymani Mostafa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMucormycosis is a fungal infection that can affect a variety of organs, one of which being the respiratory system. The most common form of infection with mucormycetes is pulmonary mucormycosis, which has a poor prognosis if infected. The clinical signs and radiological findings of this infection are non‐specific and very similar to lung tumours. Here, we describe a 62‐year‐old obese man with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus who was referred for a tumour‐like mass in the left lung, which after bronchoscopy was diagnosed as mucormycosis.
Nanoscale Self‐Wetting Driven Monatomization of Ag Nanoparticle for Excellent Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yan Bo , He Yan , Yang Guowei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs) with <10 nm have demonstrated many novel applications including surprisingly low melting point, astonishing liquid‐like pseudoelasticity, and outstanding hydrogen evolution performance. Here, a nanoscale self‐wetting driven monatomization of Ag NPs with <5 nm on carbon nitride (CN) to fabricate Ag single‐atom catalyst (Ag1/CN SAC) is demonstrated, and a thermodynamic approach to elucidate Ag NPs decomposing into single atoms is established. Dynamic dispersion process of Ag NPs into atoms on CN is recorded using in situ AC‐HADDF‐TEM techniques. Density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the spontaneous dispersion origins from the nanoscale self‐wetting effect in thermodynamics. In atomic scale, the driving force of self‐wetting derived from the balance between cohesive energy of Ag NPs and excess energy of Ag atoms in CN vacations. The fabricated Ag1/CN SAC proved a higher efficiency for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity (3690 μmmol g−1 h−1) than Pt nanoparticles on CN (3192 μmmol g−1 h−1). This spontaneous monatomization resulting from the interaction between metal NPs and substrate provides a simple method to prepare SACs with a high active photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Laser‐Induced Graphene Superhydrophobic Surface Transition from Pinning to Rolling for Multiple Applications
Authors: Han Yingkuan , Han Yunrui , Huang Yuzhen , Wang Chao , Liu Hong , Han Lin , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe fabrication and applications of superhydrophobic surfaces (contact angle >150°, sliding angle <10°) have attracted worldwide interest with respect to materials and devices. In this work, the laser‐induced graphene (LIG) superhydrophobic surface transition from pinning to rolling via an extremely simple solvent treatment of LIG in air is reported. By adding a certain solvent (e.g., ethanol) to the surface, the LIG superhydrophobic surface changes from pinning (sliding angle = 180°) to rolling (sliding angle <6°), which is attributed to the chemically changed surface properties and surface morphology of LIG. Three applications are demonstrated with the developed superhydrophobic LIG, including surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, water–oil separation, and anti‐icing.
Two-point functions and bootstrap applications in quantum field theories
Authors: Karateev Denis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study two-point functions of local operators and their spectral representation in UV complete quantum field theories in generic dimensions focusing on conserved currents and the stress-tensor. We establish the connection with the central charges of the UV and IR fixed points. We re-derive “c-theorems” in 2d and show the absence of their direct analogs in higher dimensions. We conclude by focusing on quantum field theories with a mass gap. We study the stress tensor two-particle form factor, derive implications of unitarity and define concrete bootstrap problems in generic dimensions.