bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Quality of Unpeeled Fruits Sold in the Local Market of
Tangail District, Bangladesh, and Assessment of Health Impacts
Authors: Mahmud Shahin , Ali Md. Rayhan , Islam Safaiatul , Faruque Md. Omar , Ali Md. Firoz , Suha Fausiya Zaman , Islam Md. Tarikul , Wasim Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Fruits are good source of vitamins, nutrients, minerals, micronutrients, and fiber. However, fruits are usually eaten uncooked and this is hazardous for health as fruits are highly susceptible to microbial contamination during harvesting or postharvest processing.

Methods:
Nine fruits that we usually eat without peeling were tested by applying different standard microbiological methods. Biochemical and antibiogram tests were performed to confirm bacterial isolates and antibiotic-resistant patterns, respectively. We also performed an anthropometric assessment to evaluate if local common fruits caused any prevalent digestive disorders.

Results:
The highest Total Viable Count (TVC) was found in guava (1.95×105 CFU/gm), whereas the highest Total Coliform Count (TCC) was in grape (3.39×104 CFU/g). The mean value of TVC of all fruits was 7.112×103 CFU/g and TCC was 6.02×102 CFU/g, respectively. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio spp. were confirmed by biochemical tests. Antibiogram study shows that these bacterial isolates were resistant to commercially available antibiotics. E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillin (73.3%); Salmonella spp. Isolates were resistant to Penicillin (80%), and Amoxicillin (80%). In case of Vibrio spp. isolates, they were resistant to Penicillin (66.67%), Amoxicillin and Erythromycin (60%). The anthropometric assessment showed that acidity occurred more frequently than abdominal pain and digestive disorder among the correspondents. In the case of both male and female respondents, black plum and apple were mostly responsible for gastric acidity and the frequencies were 41% to 45%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Fruit is a natural source of vitamins and minerals essential for our health, at the same time steps must be taken to ensure that they are free from pathogenic microbes. Therefore, public awareness is necessary for proper hygiene and good health.
Safety and Efficacy of Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds in Coronary Bifurcation
Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alsinbili Ahmed , O’Nunain Sean , Butler Ceri 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Coronary bifurcation lesions (CBL) are one fifth of all coronary lesions
and they do not have an optimal strategy for stenting yet. Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) are novel
inventions proposed to be the optimal solution. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the
role of BRS in treating CBL by comparing it to dedicated bifurcation stents (DBS).

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, searching databases
such as ScienceDirect, EMBASE, MEDLINE, NIH, TRIP, PUBMED, and ClinicalTrials.
gov. The risk of bias was assessed by MINORS and modified Cowley’s criteria. Q statistic was
used for heterogeneity testing and a meta-analysis was conducted using the “meta” package in the
R software application.

Results:
Fourteen studies were included with an average follow-up period of twelve months. Almost
80% of the participants were male (p-value= 0.148) and around two-thirds were smokers.
Meta-analysis was performed for myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularisation (TLR),
major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and stent thrombosis (ST). These showed statistically nonsignificant
differences, with a slight trend favouring BRS except with stent thrombosis.

Conclusion::
There is a lack of randomised trials on the topic, which may be an area for further research.
But the results showed favourable yet statistically insignificant outcomes for BRS except
for ST, an issue that can be addressed with technological advancement.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Khansari Nakisa , Salehi Amir Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Idiopathic pulmonary artery aneurysm is a rare disorder that has been reported
in less than 50 cases. This complication is often asymptomatic, while the first manifestation
can be severe hemoptysis or death.

Case Presentation:
A 36-year-old man presented to our institute with hemoptysis and fever. Dilated
pulmonary artery trunk (5.5 cm) and the left pulmonary artery branch (6.90 cm) were discovered
during a computed tomography angiogram scan in the patient's chest region. Therefore, the
patient was diagnosed with a pulmonary artery aneurysm. According to the results of the tests requested
for the patient, the cause of the patient's pulmonary artery aneurysm was not determined.
Therefore, an idiopathic pulmonary artery aneurysm was proposed for the patient.

Conclusion:
Idiopathic pulmonary artery aneurysm poses a double diagnostic and therapeutic problem.
The rarity of the disease, and the absence of specific clinical signs make diagnosis difficult.
Complete Cervicouterine Dissociation After Repeat Cesarean Sections: A
Case Report
Authors: Arslan Sevtap , Sarıkaya Yasin 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
The number of cesarean deliveries (CDs) has extremely increased in the last
decades. Although it is a common and relatively safe surgical procedure, there are several potential
complications. To the best of our knowledge, complete cervicouterine dissociation after several CDs
has not been reported before in the medical literature.

Case Report:
A 28-year-old woman with a history of 6 CDs presented with abdominal pain and vaginal
bleeding. The patient's most recent CD happened three weeks before the current presentation.
Transabdominal ultrasonography examination and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the absence
of continuity with the uterine cervix and corpus with associated pelvic hematoma. Laparotomy findings
confirmed the imaging findings, and the displaced uterine corpus was removed with the evacuation
of the associating pelvic hematoma.

Conclusion:
Uterine dehiscence and rupture are among the relatively common complications of CD.
Uterine rupture and dehiscence are focal disorders, and complete cervicouterine dissociation has not been
seen before. Multiple CDs are among the risk factors for complete cervicouterine dissociation, and
abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common symptom. Imaging findings allow a quick and definitive
diagnosis, and surgical intervention may be planned accordingly based on the imaging findings.
Recognition of Cervical Precancerous Lesions Based on Probability Distribution
Feature Guidance
Authors: Peng Yuanxiu , Liu Jun , Sun Xiaoxue , Li Rihui 
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Cervical cancer is a high incidence of cancer in women and cervical precancerous
screening plays an important role in reducing the mortality rate.

Methods:
In this study, we proposed a multichannel feature extraction method based on the probability
distribution features of the acetowhite (AW) region to identify cervical precancerous lesions, with the
overarching goal to improve the accuracy of cervical precancerous screening. A k-means clustering
algorithm was first used to extract the cervical region images from the original colposcopy images. We
then used a deep learning model called DeepLab V3+ to segment the AW region of the cervical image
after the acetic acid experiment, from which the probability distribution map of the AW region after
segmentation was obtained. This probability distribution map was fed into a neural network classification
model for multichannel feature extraction, which resulted in the final classification performance.

Results:
Results of the experimental evaluation showed that the proposed method achieved an average
accuracy of 87.7%, an average sensitivity of 89.3%, and an average specificity of 85.6%. Compared
with the methods that did not add segmented probability features, the proposed method increased the
average accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity by 8.3%, 8%, and 8.4%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Overall, the proposed method holds great promise for enhancing the screening of cervical
precancerous lesions in the clinic by providing the physician with more reliable screening results that
might reduce their workload.
Oxygen Desorption by Graphene-Based Carbon Films Obtained Through Sublimation
Authors: Natalia Rozhkova N. , Anna Kovalchuk A. , Alexander Prikhodko V. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Nanocarbon materials are known as highly sensitive gas sensors when
compared to common solid-state sensors. This manuscript discusses graphene-based carbon films as
materials for a gas sensor operating at near room temperature.

Methods:
The structural characteristics of graphene-based carbon films on In2O3- and ITO- coated
substrates were studied by confocal laser microscopy, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Microwave
conductivity was measured by using a λ/4 coaxial resonator based on a symmetric two-wire line in
the frequency range 0.65 - 1.2 GHz and the temperature range 290-360 K.

Results:
The results obtained showed that films on In2O3 - and ITO-coated substrates desorb oxygen
from the various structural levels of graphene-based carbon, such as crystalline contacts between
globular nanoparticles and distorted graphene fragments. A correlation between the size of nanoparticles
in films and the desorption temperature was also revealed.

Conclusion:
Our studies have shown that thin films of natural graphene-based carbon are promising
as gas sensors. The possibility of varying characteristic oxygen desorption temperatures on different
substrates is discussed.
Overview of Drug Therapy of COVID-19 with Safety and the Potential
Clinical Benefits
Authors: Basnet Rajesh , Khadka Sandhya , Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Basnet Til Bahadur , Sapkota Sanjeep 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The discovery and development of the drug/vaccine for Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19) is the process of developing a preventive vaccine or treatment drug to reduce the severity
of COVID-19. Internationally, hundreds of pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, university
research groups, and the World Health Organization (WHO) have developed vaccines for the
past few centuries. Currently, they are continuously putting effort into developing possible therapies
for COVID-19 disease, which are now at various stages of the preclinical or clinical research stage. In
addition, researchers are trying to accelerate the development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and postinfection
treatments. Many previously approved drug candidates are already studied to alleviate discomfort
during the disease complication. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of COVID-
19 therapeutic drugs.
Treatment with Rituximab in Rheumatoid Pneumoconiosis: A Case Report
Authors: Yasmine Makhlouf , Kaouther Maatallah , Dhia Kaffel , Hanene Ferjani , Wafa Triki , Dorra Ben Nessib , Wafa Hamdi 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Caplan's syndrome, also known as rheumatoid pneumoconiosis (RP), is a
rare disease associating pneumoconiosis with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This is one of the rare
cases evaluating the effect of Rituximab, which was used initially for the treatment of RA, on
pneumoconiosis.

Case presentation:
In this case report, we described a 21-year long-standing history of pneumoconiosis
and its association with RA. A 67-year-old man diagnosed with pneumoconiosis presented
with morning stiffness and symmetrical polyarthritis. Laboratory investigations showed high titers
of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. The diagnosis of RA was established
and the patient was put on leflunomide. Then, he was treated with Rituximab, as he did not
respond to leflunomide. The patient showed marked improvement as pain and swelling decreased.
More importantly, Caplan’s nodules stabilized on chest-computed tomography.

Conclusion:
The use of rituximab in pneumoconiosis does not alter the evolution of the pulmonary
nodules. More trials are needed to establish a treatment consensus for RP.
A Systematic Review on Interferon Alpha-Induced Cognitive Impairment
in Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Khan Mohd Ashif , Kaushik Pallavi , Agarwal Nidhi B. , Garg Aakriti 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective:
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is an important treatment modality for the hepatitis
C virus (HCV). However, treatment with IFN-α is often associated with cognitive difficulties in
HCV patients. Thus, this systematic review was performed to assess the effects of IFN-α on cognitive
functioning in patients suffering from HCV.

Methods:
Relevant literature was identified by performing a comprehensive literature search in
major databases including PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Central using a combination
of suitable keywords. We retrieved studies that were published from the start of each database until
August 2021.

Results:
Out of 210 articles, 73 studies were selected after removing the duplicates. In the first
pass, 60 articles were excluded. Out of 13 full-text articles, only 5 articles qualified for qualitative
analyses in the second pass. We observed conflicting results concerned with the use of IFN-α and
the risk of neurocognitive impairment in HCV patients.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have observed conflicting results regarding the impact of INF-α
treatment on the cognitive functioning of patients suffering from HCV. Thus, there is an urgent
need for an extensive study to evaluate the exact association between INF-αtherapy and cognitive
functioning in HCV patients.
Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Promotes the Proangiogenic
Ability of Adipose Stem Cells from Obese Subjects via the IL-6 Signaling
Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Lv Pengju , Li Yalong , Zhang Yonghui , Cheng Chaofei , Hao Hongbo , Yue Han 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The prevalence of obesity, as well as obesity-induced chronic inflammatory
diseases, is increasing worldwide. Chronic inflammation is related to the complex process of angiogenesis,
and we found that adipose-derived stem cells from obese subjects (obADSCs) had proangiogenic
features, including higher expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), Notch ligands and receptors, and proangiogenic
cytokines, than those from control subjects. We hypothesized that IL-6 and Notch signaling
pathways are essential for regulating the proangiogenic characteristics of obADSCs.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate whether the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) promotes
the proangiogenic capacity of adipose stem cells in obese subjects via the IL-6 signaling pathway.

Methods:
We compared the phenotype analysis as well as cell doubling time, proliferation, migration,
differentiation, and proangiogenic properties of ADSCs in vitro. Moreover, we used small interfering
RNAs to inhibit the gene and protein expression of IL-6.

Results:
We found that ADSCs isolated from control individuals (chADSCs) and obADSCs had similar
phenotypes and growth characteristics, and chADSCs had a stronger differentiation ability than
obADSCs. However, obADSCs were more potent in promoting EA.hy926 cell migration and tube formation
than chADSCs in vitro. We confirmed that IL-6 siRNA significantly reduced the transcriptional
level of IL-6 in obADSCs, thereby reducing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-
A, VEGF receptor 2, transforming growth factor β, and Notch ligands and receptors in obADSCs.

Conclusion:
The finding suggests that inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes the proangiogenic
ability of obADSCs via the IL-6 signaling pathway.
Current Prospects for Adrenocortical Carcinoma Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Ławnicka Hanna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but very aggressive malignancy of the endocrine system with specific biology characterized frequently by hormonal activity and high aggressiveness, resulting usually in locally-invasive or metastatic disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Despite an intense multidirectional search for novel strategies, there has been no satisfactory improvement in the effectiveness of standard therapy currently used in the clinic. ACC diagnosis usually means poor prognosis. Thus, the necessity to identify and implement novel and more effective treatment of ACC in clinical management remains constantly an ambitious challenge.
The review briefly summarizes the current management of adrenocortical carcinoma and focuses mainly on novel prospects for ACC pharmacotherapy, including targeted therapies, immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors, theranostics, and at last, the individualized molecular approach based on the exact identification of specific genetic profile of ACC cells using next-generation sequencing methods as the next-generation perspective for precisely personalized therapy.
Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Applications of Benzimidazole Derivatives - Recent Studies
Authors: Tyagi Yogesh K. , jali Geetan , Singh Ram 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Cancer is a life-threatening disease. Anti-cancer drugs are the focus of research. The heterocyclic
molecules like benzimidazole occupy a central position in searching for novel and effective anti-cancer drugs.
The medicinal chemists designed and synthesized several benzimidazole derivatives and conjugates to evaluate them as
potential anti-cancer agents.

Objective:
The purpose of this compilation of literature is to cover the progress of benzimidazole-based anti-cancer
agents, their synthesis, and their evaluation for cancer disease treatment.

Method:
The recent literatures have been collected from various search engines and peer-reviewed journals.

Results:
The compounds like benzimidazole derivatives of dehydroabietic acid, piperidyl benzimidazole carboxamide,
benzimidazole-quinazolinone hybrids, benzimidazole-thiazole conjugate, and benzimidazole pendant cyanopyrimidine
derivatives have been discussed in detail.

Conclusion:
This review article will help the medicinal chemists to design and synthesize benzimidazole-based molecules
and evaluate them as anti-cancer agents.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Benzimidazole Hybrids to Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase
and COX for Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kaur Sukhvir , Minhas Richa , Mishra Shivam , Kaur Birpal , Bansal Yogita , Bansal Gulshan 
Published: April 2022

Background:
A simultaneous administration of an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and a NSAID as a drug cocktail has been documented to exhibit significantly protective effects in AD patients. But it suffers from poor patent compliance, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic issues.

Objective:
The present study is aimed to design and synthesize a hybrid molecule capable of exhibiting both AChE inhibition and anti-inflammatory activities for de-accelerating the progression of AD. The synthesized molecules will be evaluated for in vitro and in vivo models.

Method:
The present study involves the coupling of ibuprofen or naproxen to varied disubstituted amines (AChE inhibitor pharmacophore) through benzimidazole to develop two series of compounds i.e. IB01-IB05and NP01-NP05.The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS. All compounds were evaluated for in vitro AChE inhibitory and COX inhibitory activities. The most active compound was taken for in vivo evaluation.

Result:
Compounds of series IB01-IB05 are found more potent as compared to NP01-NP05. The maximally potent compound IB04 in in vitro evaluation is selected for in vivo evaluation of memory restoration activity using scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice. It significantly reverses the scopolamine-induced changes (i.e., escape latency time, mean time spent in target quadrant, brain AChE activity and oxidative stress) in a dose-dependent manner. IB04 at 8 mg/kg is significantly effective in lowering AD manifestation in comparison to donepezil.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate that Benzimidazole hybrids utilizing ibuprofen and pyrrolidine moiety may prove a useful template for the development of new chemical moieties against AD with multiple potencies.
A Review on Novel Herbal Drug Delivery System and its Application
Authors: Murti Yogesh , Agrawal Krishn Kumar , Semwal Bhupesh C. , Gupta Jitendra , Gupta Reena 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
Herbal medicines are nearest to the customary treatment approach than some other conventional or elective medication draws near. They have a few phytoconstituents which are known for their remedial impacts on the body and are utilized for numerous hundreds of years. At the point when researchers used to grow new medications, regular items have their exceptional favorable circumstances, for example, plenteous clinical encounters, and their one-of-¬a-kind assorted variety of chemical structures and organic exercises. Varieties of molecules of herbal origin have been isolated, characterized, and evaluated for pharmacological activity by the investigators. However, phytomolecules need to be appropriately formulated to facilitate their physiological target to give more precise results. This examination expects to audit the writing on natural preparations and to investigate the potential ways used to deliver them so that further development can be done on existing herbal molecules as well as new molecules.
Measured and Calculated Expansion of Polystyrene Beads Comprising
Four Blowing Agents in Hot Silicone Bath and in Water Vapor as Well as in
Extrusion for Boards
Authors: Horacek Heinrich 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The published models were sophisticated and described the expansion in dependence on time only in the first stage. The object was to explain the discrepancy between foaming under pressure release XPS and foaming by heat supply EPS by model calculations.

Methods:
The rate of expansion of small samples comprising blowing agent and polystyrene was measured by buoyancy in a silicone bath at 110 °C and that of extrusion on photographs of the vol-ume increase after the nozzle. A viscosity model and a diffusion model were established, and exper-imental data were compared with calculated data.

Results:
The expansion rate in the silicone bath was about 100 times slower than that in extrusion at the same nozzle temperature. The velocity of foaming in the bath by heat supply was observed to be dominated by viscosity and that of foaming under pressure release in extrusion to be stirred by dif-fusion. Calculations according to the viscosity model allowed the description of foaming in silicone, and the diffusion model reproduced the data of extrusion.

Conclusion:
The common feature of both models was their simplicity. According to the models, the efficiency of blowing agents was only dependent on the molecular weight and on the solubility. The time determining influence on foaming was diffusion in extrusion of XPS and viscosity for expan-sion of EPS in silicone bath and water vapor.