bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for frailty in elderly Japanese people who received Ningen Dock: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Araki Mie , Takahashi Yuta , Ohyama Yoshiaki , Nagamine Ayumu , Takahashi Emiri , Imai Kunihiko , Hayashi Kunihiko , Nakamura Tetsuya , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Obayashi Kyoko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Frailty is a clinical condition characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Elderly people are screened for frailty as part of preventative care. However, the risk factors for frailty among older adults who undergo Ningen Dock, a comprehensive medical checkup, remain unclear. Thus, this cross-sectional study aims to identify the risk factors for frailty in older adults who received Ningen Dock. The study included 372 participants over 65 years of age who underwent Ningen Dock at the Health Care Center of Gunma Chuo Hospital between April 2019 and March 2020. Frailty was defined using the Kihon Checklist, a basic checklist. Clinical variables were obtained from Ningen Dock records, a vascular function test, and a questionnaire on medication, among others. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors.

Results
Prevalence for frailty and pre-frailty was 12.6% and 26.6%, respectively. The mean age of participants was 72.0 ± 5.1 years old, and 43.5% were female. Compared with systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg, the odds ratios for the 100–129 mmHg and < 100 mmHg groups were 2.43 (P = 0.020) and 8.95 (P <0.001). The odds ratio for the ≥ 7 medications group medications was 3.64 (P = 0.003) compared to 0–2 medications. Compared with serum iron ≥ 126 μg/dL, the odds ratio for ≤ 85 μg/dL was 2.91 (P = 0.002). The odds ratio for total bilirubin ≤ 0.6 mg/dL was 2.49 (P = 0.011) compared with > 0.6 mg/dL. Compared with an exercise habit of ≥ 4 metabolic equivalents (METs), the odds ratio for < 2 METs/week was 2.45 (P < 0.001). The odds ratio for the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) ≥ 9 group was 1.84 (P = 0.020) compared to < 9.

Conclusions
In older adults who received Ningen Dock, SBP < 100 mmHg, medications ≥ 7, serum iron ≤ 85 μg/dL, total bilirubin ≤ 0.6 mg/dL, exercise habits < 2 METs, and CAVI ≥ 9 were associated with frailty.
Updated clinical practice treat-to-target guidelines for JIA management: the Egyptian College of Pediatric Rheumatology initiative
Authors: El Miedany Y. , Salah S. , Lotfy H. , El Gaafary M. , Abdulhady H. , Salah H. , Nasef S. I. , El-Latif E. Abd , Farag Y. , Eissa M. , Esam Maher S. , Radwan A. , El-Shanawany Amira T. , Medhat B. M. , El Mikkawy D. , Mosa D. M. , El Deriny G. , Mortada M. , Osman N. S. , Fouad N. A. , Elkaraly N. E. , Mohamed S. S. , Tabra S. A. , Hassan W. A. , Amer Y. , Abu-Zaid M. H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
These updated guidelines aimed to provide appropriate and convenient guidelines for the treatment of various types of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Using the Delphi technique, this study was conducted to reach expert consensus on a treat-to-target management strategy for JIA. According to the PICO (patient/population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes) approach, the preliminary scientific committee identified a total of 17 key clinical questions. To assemble evidence on the advantages and dangers associated with JIA treatments, an evidence-based, systematic literature review was conducted. Researchers and clinicians with experience in JIA management were identified by the core leadership team. To establish a consensus on the management suggestions for JIA patients, a Delphi approach (2 rounds) was used.

Results
An online survey was applied to the expert panel (n = 27), and 26 of them completed both rounds. At the conclusion of round 2, a total of eighteen (18) recommendation items were gathered, which were divided into four sections to address the four key JIA categories. The percentage of those who agreed with the recommendations (ranks 7–9) ranged from 83.2 to 100% (average 86.8%). The phrasing of all 18 clinical standards identified by the scientific committee was agreed upon (i.e. 75% of respondents strongly agreed or agreed). Algorithms have been proposed for the management of JIA polyarthritis, oligoarthritis, and systemic JIA.

Conclusion
A wide and representative panel of experts initiated a consensus about the management of JIA. The created guidelines give a complete approach to the management of JIA for all healthcare professionals involved in its management, as well as a means of monitoring and evaluating these guidelines on a regular basis.
DNA Cleavage by Bisphenanthroline-polyamine-acridine Conjugates
Authors: Morimura Masato , Sunaga Yuuki , Masuda Tomokazu , Ozaki Hiroaki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
DNA-cleaving molecules were designed and synthesized based on previously reported phenanthroline-polyamine conjugates. This newly constructed molecule consists of two phenanthrolines, one acridine, and one polyamine, and can more effectively cleave a plasmid DNA. Using this molecule, DNA cleavage was induced without multivalent metal ions or reducing agents.
Thermal Metathesis of C–C Single Bonds Induced by Steric Frustration
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Ito Misato , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Examples of σ-bond metathesis are significantly limited when compared with those of alkene metathesis. This report presents a metathesis reaction of carbon–carbon single bonds. It proceeds through homolytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage, which is facilitated by steric frustration operating between two bulky carbon fragments. Of note is that simple heating is enough, and neither transition metal catalysts nor reagents are required.
Neonatal resuscitation: A cross-sectional study measuring the readiness of healthcare personnel
Authors: Utomo Martono Tri , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Widyatama Rufina Adelia , Visuddho Visuddho , Angelo Albright Ivan , Etika Risa , Angelika Dina , Handayani Kartika Darma , Irzaldy Abyan 
Published: May 2022

Background: The optimal neonatal resuscitation requires healthcare personnel knowledge and experience. This study aims to assess the readiness of hospitals through its healthcare personnel in performing neonatal resuscitation. Methods: This study was an observational study conducted in May 2021 by distributing questionnaires to nurses, midwives, doctors, and residents to determine the level of knowledge and experience of the subject regarding neonatal resuscitation. We conducted the research in four types of hospitals A, B, C, and D, which are defined by the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia by the capability and availability of medical services. The type A hospital is the hospital with the most complete medical services, while type D hospitals have the least medical services. The comparative analysis between participants’ characteristics and the knowledge or experience score was conducted. Results: The total 123 participants are included in the knowledge questionnaire analysis and 70 participants are included in the resuscitation experience analysis. We showed a significant difference (p = 0.013) of healthcare personnel knowledge between the A type hospital (Median 15.00; Interquartile Range [IQR] 15.00–16.00) and the C type hospital (median 14.50; IQR 12.25–15.75). For the experience, the healthcare personnel of type A and type B hospitals have significantly higher experience scores than the type D hospital (p = 0.014; p = 0.007), but we did not find a significant difference between others type of hospital comparison. Conclusions: In this study, we found that the healthcare personnel from type A and type B hospitals are more experienced than the type D hospital in conducting neonatal resuscitation. We suggest more neonatal resuscitation training to improve the readiness of healthcare personnel from type C and type D hospital.
Older adults and family caregivers’ experience of digital health technology in frailty care: A systematic review and meta-ethnography protocol
Authors: Darley Andrew , Dix Rachael , Rocher Elena , Stokes Diarmuid , Carroll Áine 
Published: May 2022

Background: Digital health technology has been identified as a valuable tool to support older adults with frailty needs in their home setting. Despite the numerous technologies and evaluations of these innovations, a synthesis of the older person and family caregivers’ experience using technology for support self-management has not been conducted to date. Methods and analysis: A systematic review and meta-ethnography will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and eMERGe reporting guidelines. Four peer-reviewed empirical evidence databases will be searched (Medline (Ovid), CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO) using a defined search strategy. Studies containing qualitative data on the experiences of older people or family caregivers of using digital health technology to support frailty care will be included. Covidence software will be used to screen studies and extract data. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for qualitative research will be used by two independent reviewers to appraise all included papers. A meta-ethnography will be undertaken in accordance with the seven-phase method described by Noblit and Hare: (1) Getting started, (2) Deciding what is relevant to the initial interest, (3) Reading the studies, (4) Determining how the studies are related, (5) Translating the studies into one another, (6) Synthesizing translations and (7) Expressing the synthesis. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review to integrate and synthesize the findings of qualitative studies of older citizens’ experience of digital health technology. The findings of this meta-ethnography will endeavour to inform future research, policy and clinical practice. In particular, the results will help to inform the design of future digital health technology to meet the needs of older adults. PROSPERO registration number: Submitted 05/04/2022 and currently under review.
The Impact of Green Finance on Clean Power Generation: Evidence Based on China
Authors: Yan Ziwei , Cui Chunying , Liao Chenjia 
Published: May 2022

In order to test whether green finance at the provincial level can promote clean power generation (CPG) to promote clean power energy, this paper, based on the China provincial panel data from 2003 to 2018 and takes a sample of 30 provinces. The study finds that the credit supply in green finance can effectively promote CPG proportion. Furthermore, the promotion effect of CPG is more indeterminate in the provinces with large power output, while those with large power input are relatively small. This paper explains the above conclusions from the perspective of primary energy production and CPG structure: (1) Main new power generation capacity is clean energy in the huge energy consumption provinces, the effect of green finance is outstanding; (2) In provinces with the large coal-burning production, which are restricted by the industrial structure and energy structure, the effect of green finance on promoting CPG is not apparent, and the energy saving and emission reduction of traditional thermal power units are still the main focus.
Incidence of chikungunya virus infections among Kenyan children with neurological disease, 2014–2018: A cohort study
Authors: Nyamwaya Doris K. , Otiende Mark , Mwango Lilian , Kariuki Symon M. , Otieno Berrick , Omuoyo Donwilliams O. , Githinji George , Kitsao Barnes S. , Karanja Henry K. , Gitonga John N. , de Laurent Zaydah R. , Davies Alun , Mwarumba Salim , Agoti Charles N. , Thumbi Samuel M. , Hamaluba Mainga M. , Newton Charles R. , Bejon Philip , Warimwe George M. 
Published: May 2022

Background
Neurological complications due to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have been described in different parts of the world, with children being disproportionately affected. However, the burden of CHIKV-associated neurological disease in Africa is currently unknown and given the lack of diagnostic facilities in routine care it is possible that CHIKV is an unrecognized etiology among children with encephalitis or other neurological illness.

Methods and findings
We estimated the incidence of CHIKV infection among children hospitalized with neurological disease in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to systematically test for CHIKV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children aged <16 years hospitalized with symptoms of neurological disease at Kilifi County Hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Clinical records were linked to the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System and population incidence rates of CHIKV infection estimated. There were 18,341 pediatric admissions for any reason during the 5-year study period, of which 4,332 (24%) had CSF collected. The most common clinical reasons for CSF collection were impaired consciousness, seizures, and coma (47%, 22%, and 21% of all collections, respectively). After acute investigations done for immediate clinical care, CSF samples were available for 3,980 admissions, of which 367 (9.2%) were CHIKV RT-PCR positive. Case fatality among CHIKV-positive children was 1.4% (95% CI 0.4, 3.2). The annual incidence of CHIKV-associated neurological disease varied between 13 to 58 episodes per 100,000 person-years among all children <16 years old. Among children aged <5 years, the incidence of CHIKV-associated neurological disease was 77 per 100,000 person-years, compared with 20 per 100,000 for cerebral malaria and 7 per 100,000 for bacterial meningitis during the study period. Because of incomplete case ascertainment due to children not presenting to hospital, or not having CSF collected, these are likely minimum estimates. Study limitations include reliance on hospital-based surveillance and limited CSF sampling in children in coma or other contraindications to lumbar puncture, both of which lead to under-ascertainment of incidence and of case fatality.

Conclusions
In this study, we observed that CHIKV infections are relatively more common than cerebral malaria and bacterial meningitis among children hospitalized with neurological disease in coastal Kenya. Given the wide distribution of CHIKV mosquito vectors, studies to determine the geographic extent of CHIKV-associated neurological disease in Africa are essential.
Leptospirosis: Morbidity, mortality, and spatial distribution of hospitalized cases in Ecuador. A nationwide study 2000-2020
Authors: Calvopiña Manuel , Vásconez Eduardo , Coral-Almeida Marco , Romero-Alvarez Daniel , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel , Orlando Alberto 
Published: May 2022

Background
In Ecuador, leptospirosis surveillance involves a mandatory notification of all cases and a hospitalization for severe illness. Morbidity and mortality are, nevertheless, underestimated and contribute directly to the status of leptospirosis as a neglected disease. Leptospira spp. is zoonotic in Ecuador with established endemic transmission in the Tropics. Here, we review retrospective national data within the country to aid in control strategies.

Methodology/Principal findings
In a population-based nationwide study, we analysed morbidity, mortality, and spatial distribution on confirmed hospital-discharged leptospirosis cases from 2000–2020 from a publicly accesible National Database, including males and females of all ages. We computed data for the 24 provinces across the four-geoclimatic regions of Ecuador based on seasonal and monthly variations and calculated rates according to age and sex. The spatial distribution was estimated at the level of ecoregions, provinces, and cantons. A total of 2,584 hospitalizations were recorded over all three continental regions in 22 provinces, except Carchi province and the Galapagos Islands. The annual incidence varied from 0.27 to 2.45 cases per 100,000 inhabitants with ages ranging from 1 to 98 years-old and an overall male/female ratio of 1.92:1. Most hospitalizations and deaths occurred in males ages 25–34 years. We registered 79 fatalities (3.06%); the highest mortality rate was 0.05 per 100,000 inhabitants. More cases clustered in the tropical cantons of central and north of the Coast and in the southern Amazon when compared to the Andes.

Conclusions and significance
Our findings evidence leptospirosis endemicity and pinpoint the highest incidence within resource-poor tropical settings. The highest incidence occurred in males of adult age, with those also exhibiting the highest mortality. The national incidence rate was stable, but peaks occurred intermittently during the rainy seasons. Thus, strategies aimed at leptospirosis monitoring and control involving the application of preventive measures should consider this season and the aforementioned high-risk groups.
Testing and validation of reciprocating positive displacement pump for benchtop pulsating flow model of cerebrospinal fluid production and other physiologic systems
Authors: Faryami Ahmad , Menkara Adam , Viar Daniel , Harris Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2022

Background
The flow of physiologic fluids through organs and organs systems is an integral component of their function. The complex fluid dynamics in many organ systems are still not completely understood, and in-vivo measurements of flow rates and pressure provide a testament to the complexity of each flow system. Variability in in-vivo measurements and the lack of control over flow characteristics leave a lot to be desired for testing and evaluation of current modes of treatments as well as future innovations. In-vitro models are particularly ideal for studying neurological conditions such as hydrocephalus due to their complex pathophysiology and interactions with therapeutic measures. The following aims to present the reciprocating positive displacement pump, capable of inducing pulsating flow of a defined volume at a controlled beat rate and amplitude. While the other fluidic applications of the pump are currently under investigation, this study was focused on simulating the pulsating cerebrospinal fluid production across profiles with varying parameters.

Methods
Pumps were manufactured using 3D printed and injection molded parts. The pumps were powered by an Arduino-based board and proprietary software that controls the linear motion of the pumps to achieve the specified output rate at the desired pulsation rate and amplitude. A range of 0.01 mlmin to 0.7 mlmin was tested to evaluate the versatility of the pumps. The accuracy and precision of the pumps’ output were evaluated by obtaining a total of 150 one-minute weight measurements of degassed deionized water per output rate across 15 pump channels. In addition, nine experiments were performed to evaluate the pumps’ control over pulsation rate and amplitude.

Results
Volumetric analysis of a total of 1200 readings determined that the pumps achieved the target output volume rate with a mean absolute error of -0.001034283 mlmin across the specified domain. It was also determined that the pumps can maintain pulsatile flow at a user-specified beat rate and amplitude.

Conclusion
The validation of this reciprocating positive displacement pump system allows for the future validation of novel designs to components used to treat hydrocephalus and other physiologic models involving pulsatile flow. Based on the promising results of these experiments at simulating pulsatile CSF flow, a benchtop model of human CSF production and distribution could be achieved through the incorporation of a chamber system and a compliance component.
COVID-19 vaccination readiness among multiple racial and ethnic groups in the San Francisco Bay Area: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Butler Jonathan Z. , Carson Mariam , Rios-Fetchko Francine , Vargas Roberto , Cabrera Abby , Gallegos-Castillo Angela , LeSarre Monique , Liao Michael , Woo Kent , Ellis Randi , Liu Kirsten , Burra Arun , Ramirez Mario , Doyle Brittney , Leung Lydia , Fernandez Alicia , Grumbach Kevin 
Published: May 2022

Background
COVID-19 vaccination rates are lower among historically marginalized populations, including Black/African American and Latinx populations, threatening to contribute to already high COVID-19 morbidity and mortality disparities for these groups. We conducted a community-based participatory research study using qualitative methods to explore knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination among Black/African American, Latinx, and Chinese American residents of the San Francisco Bay Area and assess their views on vaccination outreach and delivery strategies.

Methods and findings
Data were collected from January 14, 2021, to February 24, 2021, with adult residents (N = 109 [Female: N = 76; 70%]) in San Francisco. Focus groups (N = 10) and in-depth interviews (N = 25) were conducted among Black/African Americans (N = 35), Latinx (N = 40), and Chinese Americans (n = 34) in English, Spanish, Cantonese, or Mandarin. Themes were identified using grounded field theory, and included misinformation, mistrust of government and health institutions, and linguistic and other barriers to vaccine access. All three racial/ethnic groups had experiences with vaccine misinformation and information overload. Many African American and Latinx participants cited structural and interpersonal racism, and anti-immigrant discrimination, as factors reducing their trust in government and public health disseminated information and their willingness to be vaccinated. Participants expressed trust in community-based organizations, including faith-based organizations and community-run clinics. Participants often experienced barriers to vaccine access, such as transportation to drive-in sites, with Latinx and Chinese American groups also frequently citing language barriers.

Conclusions
Vaccine outreach strategies must acknowledge how longstanding systemic, institutional, and structural racism contributes to mistrust in government and health institutions and engage with and support trusted messengers from the community to eliminate cultural, linguistic, and other barriers to vaccine access.
HMOX1 genetic polymorphisms and outcomes in infectious disease: A systematic review
Authors: Hamilton Fergus W. , Somers Julia , Mitchell Ruth E. , Ghazal Peter , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionHeme-oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is a critical stress response gene that catalyzes the multistep oxidation of heme. A GT(n) repeat of variable length in the promoter in has been associated with a wide range of human diseases, including infections. This paper aims to summarise and systematically review associations between the length of the HMOX1 GT(n) promoter and infectious disease in humans.MethodsA search using relevant terms was performed in PubMED and EMBASE through to 15/01/21 identifying all research that studied an association between the HMOX1 GT(n) repeat polymorphism and the incidence and/or outcome of any human infectious disease. Citations were screened for additional studies. Potential studies were screened for inclusion by two authors. Data was extracted on allele frequency, genotype, strength of association, mechanism of genotyping, and potential biases. A narrative review was performed across each type of infection.Results1,533 studies were identified in the search, and one via citation screening. Sixteen studies were ultimately included, seven in malaria, three in HIV, three in sepsis, and one each in pneumonia, hepatitis C, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sample sizes for nearly all studies were small (biggest study, n = 1,646). Allelic definition was different across all included studies. All studies were at some risk of bias. In malaria, three studies suggested that longer alleles were associated with reduced risk of severe malaria, particularly malaria-induced renal dysfunction, with four studies identifying a null association. In sepsis, two studies suggested an association with longer alleles and better outcomes.ConclusionsDespite the importance of HMOX1 in survival from infection, and the association between repeat length and gene expression, the clinical data supporting an association between repeat length and incidence and/or outcome of infection remain inconclusive.