bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of biodiversity citizen science in a natural area depends on area accessibility and differs from other recreational area use
Authors: Mandeville Caitlin P. , Nilsen Erlend B. , Finstad Anders G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Opportunistic citizen science produces large amounts of primary biodiversity data but is underutilized in the conservation and management of protected areas despite these areas’ status as citizen science hotspots. Application of these data may be limited by the challenge of understanding sampling patterns associated with opportunistic data at a scale relevant to local area management. An improved understanding of citizen science activity patterns within protected areas could strengthen both data analysis and the local promotion and guidance of citizen science activity.

We investigated local‐scale patterns of citizen science activity, using a case study approach to examine citizen science activity in a recreationally popular natural area that serves as a regional citizen science hotspot. We modelled the relationship between local citizen science activity and 10 spatial covariates broadly related to ease of access and natural interest, factors which have been shown to drive citizen science activity at regional scales. We further compared the distribution of citizen science activity with that of professional data collection and recreational visitor activity in the study area.

We found that citizen science data largely complement rather than replicate openly available professional data. Citizen science participation was primarily driven by ease of access, especially the presence of trails. However, citizen science use of the trail network differed from other types of recreational trail use, including a weaker preference for well‐established trails and a stronger association with developed areas.

This improved understanding of patterns in citizen science participation may be used to better account for spatial biases in citizen science data and to manage natural areas in a way that supports and guides future citizen science activity.
The application of multiple metrics in deformable image registration for target volume delineation of breast tumor bed
Authors: Xie Xin , Song Yuchun , Ye Feng , Yan Hui , Wang Shulian , Zhao Xinming , Dai Jianrong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeFor postoperative breast cancer patients, deformable image registration (DIR) is challenged due to the large deformations and non‐correspondence caused by tumor resection and clip insertion. To deal with it, three metrics (fiducial‐, region‐, and intensity‐based) were jointly used in DIR algorithm for improved accuracy.Materials and methodsThree types of metrics were combined to form a single‐objective function in DIR algorithm. Fiducial‐based metric was used to minimize the distance between the corresponding point sets of two images. Region‐based metric was used to improve the overlap between the corresponding areas of two images. Intensity‐based metric was used to maximize the correlation between the corresponding voxel intensities of two images. The two CT images, one before surgery and the other after surgery, were acquired from the same patient in the same radiotherapy treatment position. Twenty patients who underwent breast‐conserving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy were enrolled in this study.ResultsFor target registration error, the difference between the proposed and the conventional registration methods was statistically significant for soft tissue (2.06 vs. 7.82, p = 0.00024 < 0.05) and body boundary (3.70 vs. 6.93, p = 0.021 < 0.05). For visual assessment, the proposed method achieved better matching result for soft tissue and body boundary.ConclusionsComparing to the conventional method, the registration accuracy of the proposed method was significantly improved. This method provided a feasible way for target volume delineation of tumor bed in postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients.
MicroRNAsignatures in genetic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Kmetzsch Virgilio , Latouche Morwena , Saracino Dario , Rinaldi Daisy , Camuzat Agnès , Gareau Thomas ,   the French Research Network on FTD/ALS, Le Ber Isabelle , Colliot Olivier , Becker Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveMicroRNAs are promising biomarkers of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but discrepant results between studies have so far hampered their use in clinical trials. We aim to assess all previously identified circulating microRNA signatures as potential biomarkers of genetic FTD and/or ALS, using homogeneous, independent validation cohorts ofC9orf72andGRNmutation carriers.Methods104 individuals carrying aC9orf72or aGRNmutation, along with 31 controls, were recruited through the French research network on FTD/ALS. All subjects underwent blood sampling, from which circulating microRNAs were extracted. We measured differences in the expression levels of 65 microRNAs, selected from 15 published studies about FTD or ALS, between 31 controls, 17C9orf72presymptomatic subjects, and 29C9orf72patients. We also assessed differences in the expression levels of 30 microRNAs, selected from five studies about FTD, between 31 controls, 30GRNpresymptomatic subjects, and 28GRNpatients.ResultsMore than half (35/65) of the selected microRNAs were differentially expressed in theC9orf72cohort, while only a small proportion (5/30) of microRNAs were differentially expressed in theGRNcohort. In multivariate analyses, only individuals in theC9orf72cohort could be adequately classified (ROC AUC up to 0.98 for controls versus presymptomatic subjects, 0.94 for controls versus patients, and 0.77 for presymptomatic subjects versus patients) with some of the signatures.InterpretationOur results suggest that previously identified microRNAs using sporadic or mixed cohorts of FTD and ALS patients could potentially serve as biomarkers ofC9orf72‐associated disease, but notGRN‐associated disease.
Versatile Red Blood Cells for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Treatment via Stepwise Photoactivations
Authors: Cheng Yuanyuan , Chen Qian , Qian Zhanyin , Shan Tianhe , Bai Liya , Jiang Xiaoyu , Li Chunyu , Wang Yinsong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhototherapies have many advantages for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. However, their effects are often limited by short blood circulation time, poor tumor selectivity and weak penetration of phototherapeutic agents, and tumor hypoxia. For overcoming these limitations, a versatile biomimetic system is developed based on red blood cells (RBCs). Photothermal agent new indocyanine green (IR820) is conjugated with the cell/tissue‐penetrating TAT peptide and further efficiently encapsulated into the intact RBCs by crossing cell membranes to realize the long blood circulation. Meanwhile, cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD) is linked to the surfaces of RBCs through phospholipid insertion to obtain tumor vessel‐targeting ability. Photosensitizer temoporfin (mTHPC) is next loaded into the membranes of RBCs by spontaneous transferring. The acquired biomimetic system (cRGD‐RBC@mTHPC/TAT‐IR820) exhibits potent photodynamic performance upon 652 nm laser irradiation with the facilitation of oxyhemoglobin, which could not only trigger TAT‐IR820 release but also destroy tumor vessels. TAT‐IR820 penetrates deeply into tumor tissue via the mediation of TAT peptide, exerting greatly promoted photothermal ablation against TNBC upon 808 nm laser irradiation. In situ generated tumor antigens further induce robust immune responses to suppress TNBC recurrence and metastasis. In summary, this study provides a versatile biomimetic system for comprehensive TNBC treatment via stepwise photodynamic and photothermal activations.
Winter wheat grain yield stability under different tillage practices
Authors: Aula Lawrence , Mikha Maysoon M. , Easterly Amanda C. , Creech Cody F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrain yield stability is vital for achieving yield consistency across a broad range of environments. The significance of this is well documented in crop genetic studies and may equally be relevant for tillage practices used in croplands. The objective of this study was to evaluate long‐term winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield stability under different tillage practices. The study was designed as a randomized complete block with three replications. The independent variable was tillage with three levels: no tillage (NT), stubble mulch (SM), and moldboard plow (MP). The experiment was established as a winter wheat–fallow under a dryland cropping system. Each phase of the wheat–fallow was present each year. The historical grain yield data from 1972 to 2010 were presented in this study. Yield stability was assessed using regression coefficients (βi) and squared deviation from regression (S2d). Grain yield had average stability because each tillage practice had a βi of 1.0. The SM tillage had an S2d of 0.03 (P = .90), which was not significant than zero (0), while NT and MP had an S2d of 0.06 (P = .04) and 0.07 (P = .01), respectively, that were significant than zero (0). This suggests that SM had a more stable yield under different environments when compared with NT and MP. In general, using minimum tillage, such as SM, that maintains residues on the soil surface could contribute to yield resiliency across different environments and enhance land sustainability in dryland cropping systems.
Synergistic electronic and geometric effects of Au/CeO2 catalyst for oxidative esterification of methacrolein
Authors: Farooq Muhammad U. , Zhang Xiangxue , Guan Yanan , Chen Wenyao , Zhou Jinghong , Zhang Jing , Qian Gang , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMethyl methacrylate (MMA) is an important monomer for the production of acrylic plastics and polymer dispersions. In this study, we demonstrate a strategy to synergize the electronic and geometric effects of the Au/CeO2 catalyst, achieving three orders of magnitude improvement in reaction rate for the oxidative esterification of methacrolein to MMA. The electronic properties of Au in terms of the valence electron population of 5d states are decoupled from the redox ability and acid–base properties of catalyst support as the main cause for the significant increase in the specific activity of the active site. Moreover, the Au edge site is identified as the main active site for this reaction, whose number reaches the maximum for the 1.6 nm‐sized Au particles. Hence, the synergism between the electronic (lower valence electron population of 5d states) and geometric (more edge active sites) promotions of the Au‐10/CeO2 catalyst contributes to the highest catalytic activity.
The selective advantage of mast flowering in Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum: Implications of the predator satiation hypothesis
Authors: Ito Yohei , Kudo Gaku 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseSynchronous, highly variable flower or seed production among years within a population (i.e., masting) has been reported in numerous perennial plants. Although masting provides ecological advantages such as enhancing pollination efficiency and/or escape from predator attack, little is known about the degree of these advantages and variations in masting behavior among populations of conspecific plants.MethodsWe determined flowering ramet density and reproductive success (fruit‐set success and herbivorous damage) of a perennial herb, Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum, across six lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan during 2–3 years. We then analyzed the relationship between floral density and reproductive success to assess the ecological significance of mast flowering. Flowering intervals of individual plants were estimated by counting annual scars on rhizomes.ResultsMost populations had mast flowering, but the intervals between flowering for individual plants were shorter in the alpine populations than in the lowland populations. Floral damage by stem borers (dipteran larvae) and seed predation by lepidopteran larvae were intense in the lowland populations. Seed production of individual ramets increased with higher floral density owing to the effective avoidance of floral‐stem damage and seed predation. Although stem borers were absent in the alpine habitat, seed predation decreased with higher floral density also in the alpine populations. Pollination success was independent of floral density in both of the alpine and lowland populations.ConclusionsThese results strongly support the predator satiation hypothesis for mast flowering by this species.
ALDH1A2‐related disorder: A new genetic syndrome due to alteration of the retinoic acid pathway
Authors: Leon Eyby , Nde Claris , Ray Randall S. , Preciado Diego , Zohn Irene E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAldehyde Dehydrogenase 1, Family Member A2 (ALDH1A2) is essential for the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A. Studies in model organisms demonstrate a critical role for ALDH1A2 in embryonic development, yet few pathogenic variants are linked to congenital anomalies in humans. We present three siblings with multiple congenital anomaly syndrome linked to biallelic sequence variants in ALDH1A2. The major congenital malformations affecting these children include tetralogy of Fallot, absent thymus, diaphragmatic eventration, and talipes equinovarus. Upper airway anomalies, hypocalcemia, and dysmorphic features are newly reported in this manuscript. In vitro functional validation of variants indicated that substitutions reduced the expression of the enzyme. Our clinical and functional data adds to a recent report of biallelic ALDH1A2 pathogenic variants in two families with a similar constellation of congenital malformations. These findings provide further evidence for an autosomal recessive ALDH1A2‐deficient recognizable malformation syndrome involving the diaphragm, cardiac and musculoskeletal systems.
Understanding Aerobic Nitrogen Photooxidation on Titania through In Situ Time‐Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhao Yunxuan , Miao Yingxuan , Xu Yanjun , Ran Jingrun , Wang Zhuan , Weng Yuxiang , Zhang Tierui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNitrate is an important raw material for chemical fertilizers, but it is industrially manufactured in multiple steps at high temperature and pressure, urgently motivating the design of a green and sustainable strategy for nitrate production. We report the photosynthesis of nitrate from N2and O2on commercial TiO2in a flow reactor under ambient conditions. The TiO2photocatalyst offered a high nitrate yield of 1.85 μmol h−1as well as a solar‐to‐nitrate energy conversion efficiency up to 0.13 %. We combined reactivity and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism of nitrate formation and unveil the special role of O2in N≡N bond dissociation. The mechanistic insight into charge‐involved N2oxidation was further demonstrated by in situ transient absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. This work exhibits the mechanistic origin of N2photooxidation and initiates a potential method for triggering inert catalytic reactions.
The Function of Two Radical‐SAM Enzymes, HcgA and HcgG, in the Biosynthesis of the [Fe]‐Hydrogenase Cofactor
Authors: Arriaza‐Gallardo Francisco J. , Schaupp Sebastian , Zheng Yu‐Cong , Abdul‐Halim Mohd Farid , Pan Hui‐Jie , Kahnt Jörg , Angelidou Georgia , Paczia Nicole , Hu Xile , Costa Kyle , Shima Seigo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the biosynthesis of the iron‐guanylylpyridinol (FeGP) cofactor, 6‐carboxymethyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐pyridinol (1) is 3‐methylated to form 2, then 4‐guanylylated to form 3, and converted into the full cofactor. HcgA‐G proteins catalyze the biosynthetic reactions. Herein, we report the function of two radical S‐adenosyl methionine enzymes, HcgA and HcgG, as uncovered by in vitro complementation experiments and the use of purified enzymes. In vitro biosynthesis using the cell extract from the Methanococcus maripaludis ΔhcgA strain was complemented with HcgA or precursors 1, 2 or 3. The results suggested that HcgA catalyzes the biosynthetic reaction that forms 1. We demonstrated the formation of 1 by HcgA using the 3 kDa cell extract filtrate as the substrate. Biosynthesis in the ΔhcgG system was recovered by HcgG but not by 3, which indicated that HcgG catalyzes the reactions after the biosynthesis of 3. The data indicated that HcgG contributes to the formation of CO and completes biosynthesis of the FeGP cofactor.
In Vivo Nitroreductase Imaging via Fluorescence and Chemical Shift Dependent 19F NMR
Authors: Chen Shizhen , Xiao Long , Li Yu , Qiu Maosong , Yuan Yaping , Zhou Rui , Li Conggang , Zhang Lei , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Liu Maili , Zhou Xin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNitroreductase (NTR) is an important biomarker widely used to evaluate the degree of tumor hypoxia. Although a few optical methods have been reported for detecting nitroreductase at low concentration ranges, an effective strategy for nitroreductase monitoring in vivo without limits to the imaging depth is still lacking. Herein, a novel dual‐mode NIR fluorescence and 19F MRI agent, FCy7‐NO2, is proposed for imaging tumor hypoxia. We show that FCy7‐NO2 serves as not only a rapid NIR fluorescence enhanced probe for monitoring and bioimaging of nitroreductase in tumors, but also a novel 19F MR chemical shift‐sensitive contrast agent for selectively detecting nitroreductase catalyzed reduction. Notably, integrating two complementary imaging technologies into FCy7‐NO2 enables sensitive detection of nitroreductase in a broad concentration range without tissue‐depth limit. In general, this agent has a remarkable response to nitroreductase, which provides a promising method for understanding tumor evolution and its physiological role in the hypoxic microenvironment.
Women online: A study of Common Service Centres in India using a capability approach
Authors: Rajeev Meenakshi , Bhandarkar Supriya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncome‐generating activities by women are an effective means of reducing gender‐based deprivation and disparities. In the constrained familial and community settings of developing economies, online platforms can be an appropriate means for women to carry out economic activities. In this context, important initiatives taken by the Government of India, such as the Common Service Centres scheme, are worth studying. This paper critically evaluates such revolutionary online platform–based entrepreneurial initiatives using the capability approach developed by Amartya Sen. We examine through case studies how women‐run businesses use online platforms and what determines their success, inputs, capabilities, and conversion factors. Further, national enterprise‐level data from Indiaʼs National Sample Survey Office are analysed to show that states with a higher level of gender inequality are also the regions with a lower level of information and communications technology usage by women‐run enterprises.
Invasive gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) outperforms threatened native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) in growth rate and effectiveness of resource use: Field and experimental evidence
Authors: Tapkir Sandip , Boukal David , Kalous Lukáš , Bartoň Daniel , Souza Allan T. , Kolar Vojtech , Soukalová Kateřina , Duchet Claire , Gottwald Milan , Šmejkal Marek 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Invasive alien species pose a serious threat to biodiversity. They frequently compete with native species for resources, resulting in the decline or extinction of the latter.
Native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) faces a severe decline in European waters and has become critically endangered in many European countries. Possible ecological mechanisms of the rapid decline of the crucian carp attributable to resource competition with the invasive Carassius gibelio were identified. A field study was combined with a controlled experiment to compare (i) standard length–weight relationships and growth patterns in 12 Czech and Swedish ponds in which the species occur alone or in syntopy, and (ii) individual growth and food utilization under the same conditions.
The growth increment of C. gibelio was greater than that of C. carassius under the same experimental conditions (mean increase in weight: C. gibelio, 21.7%; C. carassius, 5.2%; increase in standard length: C. gibelio, 6.3%; C. carassius, 2.0%), suggesting that C. gibelio uses food resources more efficiently than C. carassius does. Moreover, larger C. carassius individuals did not grow, whereas growth of C. gibelio individuals was largely independent of standard length.
Field data suggested that C. gibelio grew faster and were heavier than C. carassius of the same standard length in four Czech ponds where they occurred together. Individual weight‐at‐length declined in C. carassius in the presence of C. gibelio, especially in more dense populations, whereas the weight‐at‐length of C. gibelio remained similar.
Taken together, these results imply that C. gibelio has better competitive abilities for food than C. carassius and provide novel support for the long‐standing hypothesis that the introduction and spread of C. gibelio causes the decline of C. carassius in European waters.
Impacts of Aeolus horizontal Line‐Of‐Sight (HLOS) wind assimilation on the Korean integrated model (KIM) forecast system
Authors: Lee Sihye , Song Hyo‐Jong , Kwon In‐Hyuk , Kang Jeon‐Ho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Korean Integrated Model (KIM) forecast system, based on a hybrid four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational method, was extended to assimilate Horizontal Line‐Of‐Sight (HLOS) wind observations from the Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument (ALADIN) on board the Atmospheric Dynamic Mission Aeolus satellite. In a global cycling experiment, assimilation of Aeolus HLOS wind observations led to reductions in the average root‐mean‐square error of 0.8 and 0.5% for the zonal and meridional wind analyses when compared against European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) analyses. Even though the observed variable is wind, there was also an overall beneficial impact on analyses of the mass variables. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), the reduced analysis errors led to forecast skill improvements out to 72 h. In contrast, in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) there was relatively little reduction of analysis errors, but wind forecasts were nevertheless improved, and these positive impacts lasted longer – out to 120 h rather than 72 h. Experiments suggest that the relatively poor long‐range performance in the SH high latitudes was due to problems with the mass increments derived from Aeolus wind increments via the ensemble‐based part of the hybrid background error covariance (B), which eventually led to adverse effects on the wind variables as forecasts progressed in the SH. This study shows that it is necessary to estimate the ensemble B in the Antarctic region with its high elevation more accurately in order to effectively use the Aeolus observation information.