bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basis for the ICRP’s updated biokinetic model for systemic astatine
Authors: Leggett Rich , Samuels Caleigh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently updated its biokinetic models for workers in a series of reports called the OIR (occupational intakes of radionuclides) series. A new biokinetic model for astatine (At), the heaviest member of the halogen family, was adopted in OIR Part 5 (ICRP in press). Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 5). This paper provides an overview of available biokinetic data for At; describes the basis for the ICRP’s updated model for At; and tabulates dose coefficients for intravenous injection of each of the two longest lived and most important At isotopes, 211At and 210At. At-211 (T
1/2 = 7.214 h) is a promising radionuclide for use in targeted α-particle therapy due to several favourable properties including its half-life and the absence of progeny that could deliver significant radiation doses outside the region of α-particle therapy. At-210 (T
1/2 = 8.1 h) is an impurity generated in the production of 211At in a cyclotron and represents a potential radiation hazard via its long-lived progeny 210Po (T
1/2 = 138 days). Tissue dose coefficients for injected 210At and 211At based on the updated model are shown to differ considerably from values based on the ICRP’s previous model for At, particularly for the thyroid, stomach wall, salivary glands, lungs, spleen, and kidneys.
An integrated XFEM modeling with experimental measurements for optimizing thermal conductivity in carbon nanotube reinforced polyethylene
Authors: Bakalakos Serafeim , Kalogeris Ioannis , Papadopoulos Vissarion , Papadrakakis Manolis , Maroulas Panagiotis , Dragatogiannis Dimitrios A , Charitidis Costas A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present paper investigates the thermal properties of carbon nanotube reinforced polyethylene and specifically its potential as highly conductive material. To this end, an integrated approach is proposed combining both numerical and experimental procedures. First, in order to study conductive heat transfer in two-phase materials with imperfect interfaces, a detailed numerical model is developed based on the extended finite element method, where material interfaces are modeled using the level set method. The thermal conductance at the interface of the carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix is considered to be an unknown model parameter, the value of which is obtained by utilizing a series of experimental measurements of the composite material’s effective conductivity. The interfacial thermal conductance parameter value is inferred by calibrating the numerically predicted effective conductivity to the series of the corresponding experimental measurements. Once this parameter is estimated, the data-informed model is subsequently employed to provide reliable predictions of the effective conductivity of the composite for various weight fractions and configurations of carbon nanotubes in the parent material. Furthermore, microstructural morphologies that provide upper limits on the effective conductivity of the composite are identified via sensitivity analysis, demonstrating its potential as a highly conductive material.
Construction of a photo-controlled fluorescent switching with diarylethene modified carbon dots
Authors: Liuye Shiqi , Cui Shiqiang , Lu Mengmeng , Pu Shouzhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Photo-controlled fluorescent switching is of great utility in fluorescence sensors, reversible data storage, and logic circuit, based on their modifiable emission intensity and spectra. In this work, a novel photo-controlled reversible fluorescent switching system was constructed based on photochromic diarylethene (DT) molecular modified fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). The fluorescent CDs acted as fluorescent donors and the photochromic diarylethene molecular functioned as acceptors in this fluorescent switching system. The fluorescence modulation efficiency of the fluorescent switching was determined to be 97.1%. The result was attributable to Förster resonance energy transfer between the CDs and the diarylethene molecular. The fluorescent switching could undergo 20 cycles without significant decay.
Global dynamics of a Lotka–Volterra competition patch model*
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Shi Junping , Shuai Zhisheng , Wu Yixiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The global dynamics of the two-species Lotka–Volterra competition patch model with asymmetric dispersal is classified under the assumptions that the competition is weak and the weighted digraph of the connection matrix is strongly connected and cycle-balanced. We show that in the long time, either the competition exclusion holds that one species becomes extinct, or the two species reach a coexistence equilibrium, and the outcome of the competition is determined by the strength of the inter-specific competition and the dispersal rates. Our main techniques in the proofs follow the theory of monotone dynamical systems and a graph-theoretic approach based on the tree-cycle identity.
Asymptotic limits for a nonlinear integro-differential equation modelling leukocytes’ rolling on arterial walls
Authors: Milišić Vuk , Schmeiser Christian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider a nonlinear integro-differential model describing z, the position of the cell center on the real line presented in Grec et al (2018 J. Theor. Biol.
452 35–46). We introduce a new ɛ-scaling and we prove rigorously the asymptotics when ɛ goes to zero. We show that this scaling characterizes the long-time behavior of the solutions of our problem in the cinematic regime (i.e. the velocity

z

˙

tends to a limit). The convergence results are first given when ψ, the elastic energy associated to linkages, is convex and regular (the second order derivative of ψ is bounded). In the absence of blood flow, when ψ, is quadratic, we compute the final position z
∞ to which we prove that z tends. We then build a rigorous mathematical framework for ψ being convex but only Lipschitz. We extend convergence results with respect to ɛ to the case when ψ′ admits a finite number of jumps. In the last part, we show that in the constant force case [see model 3 in Grec et al (2018 J. Theor. Biol.
452 35–46), i.e. ψ is the absolute value)] we solve explicitly the problem and recover the above asymptotic results.
Existence of physical measures in some excitation–inhibition networks*
Authors: Tanzi Matteo , Young Lai-Sang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper we present a rigorous analysis of a class of coupled dynamical systems in which two distinct types of components, one excitatory and the other inhibitory, interact with one another. These network models are finite in size but can be arbitrarily large. They are inspired by real biological networks, and possess features that are idealizations of those in biological systems. Individual components of the network are represented by simple, much studied dynamical systems. Complex dynamical patterns on the network level emerge as a result of the coupling among its constituent subsystems. Appealing to existing techniques in (nonuniform) hyperbolic theory, we study their Lyapunov exponents and entropy, and prove that large time network dynamics are governed by physical measures with the SRB property.
On Liouville-type theorems for the 2D stationary MHD equations
Authors: De Nitti Nicola , Hounkpe Francis , Schulz Simon 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We establish new Liouville-type theorems for the two-dimensional stationary magneto-hydrodynamic incompressible system assuming that the velocity and magnetic field have bounded Dirichlet integral. The key tool in our proof is observing that the stream function associated to the magnetic field satisfies a simple drift–diffusion equation for which a maximum principle is available.
Stationary multi-kinks in the discrete sine-Gordon equation
Authors: Parker Ross , Kevrekidis P G , Aceves Alejandro 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We consider the existence and spectral stability of static multi-kink structures in the discrete sine-Gordon equation, as a representative example of the family of discrete Klein–Gordon models. The multi-kinks are constructed using Lin’s method from an alternating sequence of well-separated kink and antikink solutions. We then locate the point spectrum associated with these multi-kink solutions by reducing the spectral problem to a matrix equation. For an m-structure multi-kink, there will be m eigenvalues in the point spectrum near each eigenvalue of the primary kink, and, as long as the spectrum of the primary kink is imaginary, the spectrum of the multi-kink will be as well. We obtain analytic expressions for the eigenvalues of a multi-kink in terms of the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of the primary kink, and these are in very good agreement with numerical results. We also perform numerical time-stepping experiments on perturbations of multi-kinks, and the outcomes of these simulations are interpreted using the spectral results.
The shock formation and optimal regularities of the resulting shock curves for 1D scalar conservation laws*
Authors: Huicheng Yin , Lu Zhu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The study on the shock formation and the regularities of the resulting shock surfaces for hyperbolic conservation laws is a basic problem in the nonlinear partial differential equations. In this paper, we are concerned with the shock formation and the optimal regularities of the resulting shock curves for the 1D conservation law ∂
t

u + ∂
x

f(u) = 0 with the smooth initial data u(0, x) = u
0(x). If

u

0

(

x

)

∈

C

1

(

R

)

and

f

(

u

)

∈

C

2

(

R

)

, it is well-known that the solution u will blow up on the time

T

*

=
−

1

min

g

′

(

x

)

when min g′(x) < 0 holds for g(x) = f′(u
0(x)). Let x
0 be a local minimum point of g′(x) such that g′(x
0) = min g′(x) < 0 and g″(x
0) = 0, g
(3)(x
0) > 0 (which is called the generic nondegenerate condition), then by theorem 2 of Lebaud (1994 J. Math. Pures Appl.
9 523–565), a weak entropy solution u together with the shock curve x = φ(t) ∈ C
2[T*, T* + ɛ) starting from the blowup point (T*, x* = x
0 + g(x
0)T*) can be locally constructed. When the generic nondegenerate condition is violated, namely, when x
0 is a local minimum point of g′(x) such that

g

″

(

x

0

)

=

g

(

3

)

(

x

0

)

=
…
=

g

(

2

k

0

)

(

x

0

)

=
0

but

g

(

2

k

0

+
1

)

(

x

0

)

>
0

for some

k

0

∈
N

with k
0 ⩾ 2; or g
(k)(x
0) = 0 for any

k
∈
N

and k ⩾ 2, we will study the shock formation and the optimal regularity of the shock curve x = φ(t), meanwhile, some precise descriptions on the behaviors of u near the blowup point (T*, x*) are given. Our main aims are to show that: around the blowup point, the shock really appears whether the initial data are degenerate with finite orders or with infinite orders; the optimal regularities of the shock solution and the resulting shock curve have the explicit relations with the degenerate degrees of the initial data.
Printed in-plane electrolyte-gated transistor based on zinc oxide
Authors: Morais Rogério , Vieira Douglas Henrique , Klem Maykel dos Santos , Gaspar Cristina , Pereira Luís , Martins Rodrigo , Alves Neri 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Printed electronics is a reputable research area that aims at simple alternatives of manufacturing low-cost, eco-friendly, and biodegradable electronic devices. Among these devices, electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) stand out due to their simple manufacturing process and architecture. Here we report the study of printed EGTs with in-plane gate transistor (IPGT) architecture based on zinc oxide nanoparticles. The drain, source, and gate electrodes with two different W/L channel ratios were fabricated using a screen-printed carbon-based ink. We also produced a conventional top-gate transistor as a standard device, using the same structure of the IPGT described above with the addition of an indium tin oxide strip positioned over the electrolyte as the top-gate electrode. The IPGT with W/L = 5 presented a high mobility of 7.95 ± 0.55 cm2 V−1 s−1, while the W/L = 2.5 device exhibited a mobility of 3.03 ± 0.52 cm2 V−1 s−1. We found that the measured field-effect mobility of the device can be affected by the high contact resistance from the carbon electrodes. This effect could be observed when the device’s geometric parameters were changed. Furthermore, we also found that the IPGT with W/L = 5 exhibited higher values for mobility and transconductance than the top-gate transistor, showing that the IPGTs architecture is a good approach for cheap and printed transistors with performance comparable to standard top-gate EGTs.
Hydroxylation-induced defect states and formation of a bidentate acetate adstructure of TiO2 catalysts with acetic acid variation for catalytic application
Authors: Rahman Kazi Hasibur , Kar Asit Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
TiO2 is considered a promising candidate for catalysis applications. The addition of acetic acid and its variation creates a strong bond with oxide surfaces, which generates various oxidizing agents. X-ray diffraction analysis of the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles reveals their semicrystalline nature. The results show that holes are captured by the surface and subsurface, producing

≡

T

i

IV

−

O

H

.

,

≡

T

i

IV

−

O

.
−

−

T

i

IV

≡

and the reducing agent

=

T

i

III

−

, which act as active oxidizers during photocatalysis, thus confirming the occurrence of an OH radical via an advanced oxidation process. Increasing the acetic acid amount leads to disordered structural defects below the conduction band (CB). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows the induction of hydroxylation of surface defects, such as Ti–OH. The results indicate that an oxygen vacancy is favourable due to a large number of surface defects. Detailed discussion of the energy band structure with the concept of a valence band (VB) and a CB maximum is implemented. The electron-withdrawing carboxylic group can affect oxygen vacancies and acetate ligands on the photocatalyst surface. The formation of a bidentate acetate adstructure with a lower acetic acid concentration leads to an explanation for higher visible-light-driven methylene blue degradation. The mechanism for the formation of an additional Ti–O–Ti bond by a condensation process is also illustrated elaborately. Theoretical calculations of the potentials of the VB and CB show the effects of active sites on degradation and can be associated with redox reactions for water splitting abilities. A possible model of sensitized photocatalysis for hydrogen production with hydrogen and oxygen evolution sites is also proposed in this article. Thus, TiO2 nanoparticles with acetic acid variation are promising sources for photocatalytic/catalytic applications.
In-plane selective excitation of arbitrary vibration modes using thickness-shear (d
15) piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Qiu Hao , Li Faxin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Experimental modal analysis is of great importance for the dynamic characterization of structures. Existing methods typically employ out-of-plane forces for excitation and measure the acceleration or strain for modal analysis. However, these methods encountered difficulties in some cases. In this work, we proposed an in-plane excitation method based on thickness-shear (d
15) piezoelectric transducers. Through the combination of distributed d
15 PZT strips, arbitrary vibration modes can be selectively excited in a wide frequency range. Both simulations and experiments were conducted and the results validated the proposed method. Specifically, bending, torsional, and longitudinal vibration modes of a rectangular bar were selectively excited. Torsional modes of a shaft were excited without the aid of brackets and bending modes of a circular plate were excited with actuators placed at nodal lines. Furthermore, the electromechanical impedance of the PZT-structure system was measured from which the natural frequency and quality factor were directly extracted. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, the proposed vibration excitation method is expected to be widely used in near future.
Composite pulses for high fidelity population transfer in three-level systems
Authors: Shi Zhi-Cheng , Zhang Cheng , Ran Du , Xia Yan , Ianconescu Reuven , Friedman Aharon , Yi X X , Zheng Shi-Biao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, we propose a composite pulses (CPs) scheme by modulating phases to achieve high fidelity population transfer in three-level systems. To circumvent the obstacle that not enough variables are exploited to eliminate the systematic errors in the transition probability, we put forward a cost function to find the optimal value. The cost function is independently constructed either in ensuring an accurate population of the target state, or in suppressing the population of the leakage state, or both of them. The results demonstrate that population transfer is implemented with high fidelity even when existing the deviations in the coupling coefficients. Furthermore, our CPs scheme can be extensible to arbitrarily long pulse sequences. As an example, we employ the CPs sequence for achieving the three-atom singlet state in an atom-cavity system with ultrahigh fidelity. The final singlet state shows robustness against deviations and is not seriously affected by waveform distortions. Also, the singlet state maintains a high fidelity under the decoherence environment.
Scattering fingerprints of two-state dynamics
Authors: Dieball Cai , Krapf Diego , Weiss Matthias , Godec Aljaž 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Particle transport in complex environments such as the interior of living cells is often (transiently) non-Fickian or anomalous, that is, it deviates from the laws of Brownian motion. Such anomalies may be the result of small-scale spatio-temporal heterogeneities in, or viscoelastic properties of, the medium, molecular crowding, etc. Often the observed dynamics displays multi-state characteristics, i.e. distinct modes of transport dynamically interconverting between each other in a stochastic manner. Reliably distinguishing between single- and multi-state dynamics is challenging and requires a combination of distinct approaches. To complement the existing methods relying on the analysis of the particle’s mean squared displacement, position- or displacement-autocorrelation function, and propagators, we here focus on ‘scattering fingerprints’ of multi-state dynamics. We develop a theoretical framework for two-state scattering signatures—the intermediate scattering function and dynamic structure factor—and apply it to the analysis of simple model systems as well as particle-tracking experiments in living cells. We consider inert tracer-particle motion as well as systems with an internal structure and dynamics. Our results may generally be relevant for the interpretation of state-of-the-art differential dynamic microscopy experiments on complex particulate systems, as well as inelastic or quasielastic neutron (incl. spin-echo) and x-ray scattering probing structural and dynamical properties of macromolecules, when the underlying dynamics displays two-state transport.
Natural convection and thermal radiation analysis inside the square cavity filled with non-Newtonian fluid via heatlines and entropy generation
Authors: Iftikhar Babar , Siddiqui Muhammad Arshad , Javed Tariq 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the present analysis, natural convection heat transfer coupled with thermal radiation of bi-viscosity fluid contained inside the cavity has been studied through heatlines and entropy generation. Heat is provided to the cavity through heated source with length

L
/
2
,

which is placed at the middle of bottom wall. Side walls of the enclosure at low temperature i.e.

T

c

ad rest of the walls are kept an adiabatic. The idea of Bejan heatlines and average Bejan number have been used to visualized the convective heat folw and dominant irreversibility due to fluid flow or heat transfer, respectively. Finite element method with penalty technique has been applied to obtain the solution of governing equations. Results are obtained through numerically and displayed in terms of streamlines, heat flux lines , isotherms, velocity, temperature, entropy, Nusselt number and average Bejan number against the extensive range of bi-viscosity

β
=
0.002
−
1

and thermal radiation

N

R

=
0
−
5
,

at fixed Rayleigh

R
a
=

10

5

and Prandtl number

P
r
=
10
.

It is observed that there exist a direct relation between bi-viscosity parameter and convection heat transfer due to buoyancy-driven flow. Moreover, the dominant entropy generation has been reported through heat transfer in the lower region of the cavity with and without thermal radiation.
Influence of Cr-doping on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of M-type hexaferrites synthesized using microwave digestion technique
Authors: Abdel Hakeem A M , Ibrahim E M M , Ali H M , Abd El-Raheem M M , Hamazaoui Adel , Ahmed Mahrous R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
M-type hexaferrite SrCrxFe12-xO19 compounds doped with Cr (x = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 at.%) were prepared by microwave digestion system. X-ray diffraction was used to study the structure and crystallization of the samples. The samples are found to have a hexagonal phase, SrFe12O19, as a main phase at 2θ ≈ 33.144° and 35.618° for x = 0 and 1 respectively, and 32.451° and 34.295° for x ≥ 2. The Rietveld refined parameters such as the lattice parameters (a = b, c), direct and indirect cell volume, crystallite size and microstrain were investigated. TEM and SEM results showed that the samples have hexagonal shape and grain size range from 126 nm to 379 nm. Magnetization, M, as a function of the applied magnetic field, H, was obtained from the hysteresis loop. The coercive field, H

C
, saturation, M

s
and remnant, M

r
, magnetization and squareness ration, M

r
/M

s
, were extracted from the hysteresis loop results. These results revealed that H

C
is inversely proportional with the grains size of the samples but directly proportional with Cr-doping values candidating these compounds to be used in computer hard disk memories applications. M values are inversely proportional with Cr-doping values. The variation of conductivity, σ, impedance, Z, dielectric constant, ε, dielectric loss factor, tan δ and dissipation factor as functions of both AC frequency, F(Hz) and Cr-doping, x, were investigated. The maximum value of the dissipation factor was at x = 2 which equals 8.05 × 109 m F−1 when F = 2 × 105 Hz. The impedance of the samples behaved as a capacitor reactance that makes our compounds candidate for many crucial dielectric applications.
Band gap characteristics of friction stir additive manufactured phononic crystals
Authors: Tan Zhijun , Zhang Zhao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is widely used to fabricate phononic crystals (PnCs) in recent years. Friction Stir Additive Manufacturing (FSAM) is a new-type solid state fabrication technology which is fusion free with low distortions. FSAM was selected to fabricate the designed PnCs. The manufactured specimen was distorted due to the temperature rise in the manufacturing process and the band gaps (BGs) were changed with the distortions. Results indicate that the band gap of the PnCs moves to be in higher frequency domain due to the residual distortions of the manufactured PnCs. The residual distortion of FSAM PnCs is 2.77 times smaller in comparison with the Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. So, the differences of the band gap between the designed PnCs and the FSAM specimen are only in the range of 0.15%–0.55% due to the lower temperature rise in FSAM. The further analysis shows that the change of the BGs is caused by the growth of the inertia moment for the FSAM PnCs. With the increase of the rotating speed in FSAM, the residual distortion of the FSAM PnCs is increased due to the increase of the welding temperature. This can lead to the increase of the inertia moment, which is the key reason for the increase of the BG characteristics of the FSAM PnCs.