bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence with cardiovascular medications and the outcomes in patients with coronary arterial disease: “Real‐world” evidence
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Xiaoqing , Su Yuhao , You Zhigang , Wan Rong , Hong Kui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular medications are vital for the secondary prevention of coronary arterial disease (CAD). However, the effect of cardiovascular medication may depend on the optimal adherence of the patients. This meta‐analysis aims to determine the magnitude of adherence to vascular medications that influences the absolute and relative risks (RRs) of mortality in patients with CAD in real‐world settings.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched through March 1, 2022. Prospective studies reporting association as RR and 95% confidence interval between cardiovascular medication adherence and any cardiovascular events and/or all‐cause mortality in patients with CAD were included. A one‐stage robust error meta‐regression method was used to summarize the dose‐specific relationships.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included. There is a significant inverse linear association between cardiovascular medication adherence and cardiovascular events (pnonlinearity = .68) or mortality (pnonlinearity = .82). The exposure‐effect analysis showed that an improvement of 20% cardiovascular medication adherence was associated with 8% or 12% lower risk of any cardiovascular events or mortality, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the benefit was observed in adherence of stain (RR: 0.90, for cardiovascular events, RR: 0.85, for mortality), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)(RR: 0.90, for mortality), and antiplatelet agent (RR: 0.89 for mortality) but not in beta‐blocker (RR: 0.90, p = .14, for cardiovascular events, RR: 0.97, p = .32 for mortality). Estimated absolute differences per 1 million individuals per year for mortality associated with 20% improvement were 175 cases for statin, 129 cases for antiplatelet, and 117 cases for ACEI/ARB.ConclusionEvidence from the real word showed poor adherence to vascular medications contributes to a considerable proportion of all cardiovascular disease events and mortality in patients with CAD.
Crop yield forecasting by long short‐term memory network with Adam optimizer and Huber loss function in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Dwaram Jayanarayana Reddy , Madapuri Rudra Kumar 
Published: September 2022

SummaryIn recent times, crop yield prediction gains more attention among researchers communities to expand food production. In this article, an effort is done for crop yield prediction in Andhra Pradesh state (India), because AP highly contributes to the Indian economy. Especially, the crop yield prediction is done for Western Godavari, Prakasam, Guntur, Srikakulam, Krishna, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, and Nellore districts of Andhra Pradesh (India) by estimating the rainfall based on the attributes: average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, cloud cover, and velocity potential. After collecting the data from the Telangana agricultural report (2017–2018), the collected data are preprocessed utilizing the min‐max normalization technique, which is effective in preserving the relationship among data. The normalized data are classified using long short term memory network with Adam optimizer and Huber loss function. The proposed classifier has adaptive learning rates for dissimilar parameters by identifying the first and second‐moment gradient estimation so it has better computational effectiveness, unlike other classifiers. The proposed classifier predicts each site in the collected dataset into one of the three crops: rice, sugarcane, and onion. Finally, the agriculture experts validate the obtained results of the proposed model.
Extracellular vesicle expansion of PMIS‐miR‐210 expression inhibits colorectal tumour growth via apoptosis and an XIST/NME1 regulatory mechanism
Authors: Eliason Steven , Hong Liu , Sweat Yan , Chalkley Camille , Cao Huojun , Liu Qi , Qi Hank , Xu Hongwei , Zhan Fenghuang , Amendt Brad A. 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) has a high mortality rate, and therapeutic approaches to treat these cancers are varied and depend on the metabolic state of the tumour. Profiles of CRC tumours have identified several biomarkers, including microRNAs. microRNA‐210 (miR‐210) levels are directly correlated with CRC survival. miR‐210 expression is higher in metastatic colon cancer cells versus non‐metastatic and normal colon epithelium. Therefore, efficient methods to inhibit miR‐210 expression in CRC may provide new advances in treatments.MethodsExpression of miRs was determined in several metastatic and non‐metastatic cell lines. miR‐210 expression was inhibited using PMIS‐miR‐210 in transduced cells, which were transplanted into xenograft mice. In separate experiments, CRC tumours were allowed to grow in xenograft mice and treated with therapeutic injections of PMIS‐miR‐210. Molecular and biochemical experiments identified several new pathways targeted by miR‐210 inhibition.ResultsmiR‐210 inhibition can significantly reduce tumour growth of implanted colon cancer cells in xenograft mouse models. The direct administration of PMIS‐miR‐210 to existing tumours can inhibit tumour growth in both NSG and Foxn1nu/j mouse models and is more efficacious than capecitabine treatments. Tumour cells further transfer the PMIS‐miR‐210 inhibitor to neighbouring cells by extracellular vesicles to inhibit miR‐210 throughout the tumour. miR‐210 inhibition activates the cleaved caspase 3 apoptotic pathway to reduce tumour formation. We demonstrate that the long non‐coding transcript XIST is regulated by miR‐210 correlating with decreased XIST expression in CRC tumours. XIST acts as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐210, which reduces XIST levels and miR‐210 inhibition increases XIST transcripts in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The increased expression of NME1 is associated with H3K4me3 and H3K27ac modifications in the NME1 proximal promoter by XIST.ConclusionDirect application of the PMIS‐miR‐210 inhibitor to growing tumours may be an effective colorectal cancer therapeutic.
The positive regulatory loop of TCF4N/p65 promotes glioblastoma tumourigenesis and chemosensitivity
Authors: Hu Yaling , Zhang Bo , Lu Peihua , Wang Jingying , Chen Cheng , Yin Ying , Wan Quan , Wang Jingjing , Jiao Jiantong , Fang Xiangming , Pu Zhening , Gong Lingli , Ji Li , Zhu Lingpeng , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jia , Yang Xusheng , Wang Qing , Huang Zhaohui , Zou Jian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNF‐κB signaling is widely linked to the pathogenesis and treatment resistance in cancers. Increasing attention has been paid to its anti‐oncogenic roles, due to its key functions in cellular senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Therefore, thoroughly understanding the function and regulation of NF‐κB in cancers is necessary prior to the application of NF‐κB inhibitors.MethodsWe established glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines expressing ectopic TCF4N, an isoform of the β‐catenin interacting transcription factor TCF7L2, and evaluated its functions in GBM tumorigenesis and chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In p65 knock‐out or phosphorylation mimic (S536D) cell lines, the dual role and correlation of TCF4N and NF‐κB signaling in promoting tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity was investigated by in vitro and in vivo functional experiments. RNA‐seq and computational analysis, immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assay, minigene splicing assay and luciferase reporter assay were performed to identify the underlying mechanism of positive feedback regulation loop between TCF4N and the p65 subunit of NF‐κB. A eukaryotic cell‐penetrating peptide targeting TCF4N, 4N, was used to confirm the therapeutic significance.ResultsOur results indicated that p65 subunit phosphorylation at Ser 536 (S536) and nuclear accumulation was a promising prognostic marker for GBM, and endowed the dual functions of NF‐κB in promoting tumorigenesis and chemosensitivity. p65 S536 phosphorylation and nuclear stability in GBM was regulated by TCF4N. TCF4N bound p65, induced p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, inhibited its ubiquitination/degradation, and subsequently promoted NF‐κB activity. p65 S536 phosphorylation was essential for TCF4N‐led senescence‐independent SASP, GBM tumorigenesis, tumor stem‐like cell differentiation and chemosensitivity. Activation of p65 was closely connected to alterative splicing of TCF4N, a likely positive feedback regulation loop between TCF4N and p65 in GBM. 4N increased chemosensitivity, highlighting a novel anti‐cancer strategy.ConclusionOur study defined key roles of TCF4N as a novel regulator of NF‐κB through mutual regulation with p65 and provided a new avenue for GBM inhibition.
Warming reverses directionality in the richness–abundance relationship in ephemeral Mediterranean plant communities
Authors: Madrigal‐González Jaime , Luzuriaga Arantzazu L. , Escudero Adrián , Ferrandis Pablo , Calatayud Joaquín 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent findings in forests worldwide have demonstrated how directionality in the richness–abundance causality shifts along global climate gradients: The so‐called more‐species hypothesis (richness determines abundance) prevails in Earth's most productive climates, whereas the opposite, the so‐called more‐individuals hypothesis (abundance determines richness), is more likely to prevail in climatically harsh conditions. Since temporal variability is the norm, a critical question is whether this directionality shift is also a function of temporal climatic fluctuations locally. Here, we analyze whether directionality in the richness–abundance relationship is contingent on temporal variability over 10 annual consecutive realizations in ephemeral plant assemblages. Our results support the idea that the more‐species hypothesis prevailed in the most benign years, whereas the more‐individuals hypothesis did so during less productive years, which were significantly linked to the warmest years. These results support the idea that rising temperatures can reverse directionality in the richness–abundance relationship in these annual plant communities, and therefore, climate warming can have a significant effect on the relationship between diversity and ecosystem functions, such as productivity, by altering the prevalence of primary mechanisms involved in species assembly.
IL‐4/IL‐13‐producing ILC2s are required for timely control of intestinal helminth infection in mice
Authors: Varela Filipa , Symowski Cornelia , Pollock Jonathan , Wirtz Stefan , Voehringer David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfection of mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) serves as a model for human hookworm infection affecting about 600 million people world‐wide. Expulsion of Nb from the intestine requires IL‐13‐mediated mucus secretion from goblet cells and activation of smooth muscles cells. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a major cellular source of IL‐13 but it remains unclear whether IL‐13 secretion from ILC2s is required for Nb expulsion. Here, we compared the immune response to Nb infection in mixed bone marrow chimeras with wild‐type or IL‐4/IL‐13‐deficient ILC2s. ILC2‐derived IL‐4/IL‐13 was required for recruitment of eosinophils to the lung but had no influence of systemic eosinophil levels. In the small intestine, goblet cell hyperplasia and tuft cell accumulation was largely dependent on IL‐4/IL‐13 secretion from ILC2s. This further translated to higher eggs counts and impaired worm expulsion in mice with IL‐4/IL‐13‐deficient ILC2s. Overall, we demonstrate that ILC2s constitute a non‐redundant source of IL‐4/IL‐13 required for protective immunity against primary Nb infection.
Identical‐location Transmission Electron Microscopy of Pt Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts Using Iridium‐coated Au Grids for Fuel Cell Durability Tests Simulating Start‐up and Shutdown Conditions
Authors: Miyabayashi Keiko , Shirayama Yodai , Surabhi Gupta , Tatsuoka Hirokazu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn an identical‐location TEM (IL‐TEM) analysis of an electrocatalyst, an Au grid is usually selected owing to its chemical stability under potential cycling conditions. A potential cycle between 1.0 and 1.5 V is applied to the catalyst‐cast Au grid for cathode durability testing that simulates the start‐up and shutdown conditions of fuel cells. Because of the redox potential of Au (1.36 V vs. RHE), the grid dissolves and redeposits on the catalyst under the applied potential, making it complicated to evaluate the catalyst nanoparticle shape and size after degradation. We fabricated an Au grid coated with an iridium oxide layer (Ir‐coated Au grid) to suppress the dissolution of Au. The Ir‐coated Au grid with carbon support was compared to the Au grid to confirm the effect of the iridium oxide layer. No Au deposition was observed, even after 3000 cycles at 60 °C for the Ir‐coated Au grid, but Au was deposited on carbon on the Au grid after 1000 cycles. Consequently, the alkylamine‐modified Pt nanoparticle catalyst (unwashed catalyst) was observed along with the Ir‐coated Au grid using IL‐TEM under durability tests simulating start‐up and shutdown conditions. A catalyst with less alkylamine content was prepared by butylamine washing (washed catalyst) and observed using IL‐TEM for comparison. The Pt nanoparticles of the washed catalyst aggregated and changed their morphology after 1000 cycles, while the alkylamine‐modified nanoparticles of the unwashed catalyst almost maintained their original size and shape up to 1000 cycles. The Ir‐coated gold grids allow proper IL‐TEM analysis of catalysts in durability tests without the interference of Au dissolution.
Forecasting carbon dioxide emission price using a novel mode decomposition machine learning hybrid model of CEEMDAN‐LSTM
Authors: Yun Po , Huang Xiaodi , Wu Yaqi , Yang Xianzi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlobal carbon dioxide emissions have become a great threat to economic sustainability and human health. The carbon market is recognized as the most promising mean to curb carbon emissions, furthermore, carbon price forecasting will promote the role of the carbon market in emissions reduction and achieve reduction targets at lower economic costs for emission entities. However, there are still some technical problems in carbon price prediction, such as mode mixing and larger reconstruction error for the traditional empirical mode decomposition‐type models. Therefore, the innovation of this paper is constructing a novel carbon price prediction model of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN)‐long short‐term memory (LSTM), that combines the advantages of CEEMDAN in decomposing the multiscale time‐frequency carbon price signals and the LSTM model in fitting the financial signals. The results show the proposed CEEMDAN‐LSTM model has significant accuracy in predicting the complex carbon price signals. The prediction error and expectation indicators of root mean square error, mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and direction accuracy are 0.638342, 0.448695, 0.015666, and 0.687631, respectively, which is better than other benchmark models. Further evidence convince that the short‐term forecasting performance is superior to the long‐term and medium‐term performance. That evidence concludes that the proposed model is a reliable method to reveal the carbon price‐driving mechanism from the point of multiscale time‐frequency characteristics. Particularly, short‐term forecasting is more accurate and can provide a valuable technical reference for reduction entities and green financial companies to judge the market situation and formulate quantitative transactions.
Can wine quality be predicted by small volatile compounds? A study based on performance of wine show entries and their volatile profiles
Authors: Luo Jiaqiang , Zhang Pangzhen , Loo Yit Tao , Ma Jiayu , Wu Shanshan , Marriott Philip J. , Howell Kate 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIt is widely recognized that wine aroma critically influences wine quality, yet the extent to which volatile compound composition in wine determines wine quality has proven difficult to define, beyond the negative influence of taint compounds. While some relationships between concentration of volatile aroma compounds and wine quality have been made, this has been usually based on single molecules, in laboratory wines and without reference to experienced wine panels. Here, we collected and analysed 157 commercial Shiraz wines from a competitive show over 2 years. We found significant (P < .05) correlations between specific volatiles and the panel's wine quality scores. However, these correlations were not always consistent between years. We could not explain medals given to wine entries solely based on multivariate analysis of their composite volatile composition. Here, we suggest that aroma determination in judging wine quality does not completely explain the assessment of wine, and appearance (colour, clarity) and taste may be more influential factors. There are considerable practical difficulties in establishing a convincing wine quality prediction model based on analysis of volatile compounds alone.
Giemsa‐negative chromosome bands preferentially recombine in cancer‐associated translocations and gene fusions
Authors: Mandahl Nils , Mitelman Felix 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChromosome abnormalities, in particular translocations, and gene fusions are hallmarks of neoplasia. Although both have been recognized as important drivers of cancer for decades, our knowledge of the characterizing features of the cytobands involved in recombinations is poorly understood. The present study, based on a comparative analysis of 10 442 translocation breakpoints and 30 762 gene fusions comprising 13 864 protein‐coding genes, is the most comprehensive evaluation of the interactions of cytobands participating in the formation of such rearrangements in cancer. The major conclusion is that although large G‐negative, gene‐rich bands are most frequently involved, the greatest impact was seen for staining properties. Thus, 60% of the recombinations leading to the formation of both translocations and fusion genes take place between two G‐negative bands whereas only about 10% involve two G‐positive bands. There is compelling evidence that G‐negative bands contain more genes than dark staining bands and it has previously been shown that breakpoints involved in structural chromosome rearrangements and in gene fusions preferentially affect gene‐rich bands. The present study not only corroborates these findings but in addition demonstrates that the recombination processes favor the joining of two G‐negative cytobands and that this feature may be a stronger factor than gene content. It is reasonable to assume that the formation of translocations and fusion genes in cancer cells, irrespective of whether they have a pathogenetically significant impact or not, may be mediated by some underlying mechanisms that either favor the origin or provide a selective advantage for recombinations of G‐negative cytobands.
An empirical Bayes approach to improving population‐specific genetic association estimation by leveraging cross‐population data
Authors: Hsu Li , Kooperberg Anna , Reiner Alexander P. , Kooperberg Charles 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPopulations of non‐European ancestry are substantially underrepresented in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). As genetic effects can differ between ancestries due to possibly different causal variants or linkage disequilibrium patterns, a meta‐analysis that includes GWAS of all populations yields biased estimation in each of the populations and the bias disproportionately impacts non‐European ancestry populations. This is because meta‐analysis combines study‐specific estimates with inverse variance as the weights, which causes biases towards studies with the largest sample size, typical of the European ancestry population. In this paper, we propose two empirical Bayes (EB) estimators to borrow the strength of information across populations although accounting for between‐population heterogeneity. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed EB estimators are largely unbiased and improve efficiency compared to the population‐specific estimator. In contrast, even though the meta‐analysis estimator has a much smaller variance, it yields significant bias when the genetic effect is heterogeneous across populations. We apply the proposed EB estimators to a large‐scale trans‐ancestry GWAS of stroke and demonstrate that the EB estimators reduce the variance of the population‐specific estimator substantially, with the effect estimates close to the population‐specific estimates.
Labor supply and informal care responses to health shocks within couples: Evidence from the UK
Authors: Macchioni Giaquinto Annarita , Jones Andrew M. , Rice Nigel , Zantomio Francesca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShocks to health have been shown to reduce labor supply for the individual affected. Less is known about household self‐insurance through a partner's response. Previous studies have presented inconclusive empirical evidence on the existence of a health‐related Added Worker Effect, and results limited to labor and income responses. We use UK longitudinal data to investigate within households both the labor supply and informal care responses of an individual to the event of an acute health shock to their partner. Relying on the unanticipated timing of shocks, we combine Coarsened Exact Matching and Entropy Balancing algorithms with parametric analysis and exploit lagged outcomes to remove bias from observed confounders and time‐invariant unobservables. We find no evidence of a health‐related Added Worker Effect but a significant and sizable Informal Carer Effect. This holds irrespective of spousal labor market position or household financial status and ability to purchase formal care provision, suggesting that partners' substitute informal care provision for time devoted to leisure activities.
Knockdown of interleukin‐6 plays a neuroprotective role against hypoxia‐ischemia in neonatal rats via inhibition of caspase 3 and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Xiu , Liao Ke‐Han , Deng Isaac B. , Zhang Lan‐Chun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the role of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE). Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were used for the establishment of hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) model. The Zea‐Longa scoring was used to evaluate the extent of the neurological deficits. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure the volume of infarction in the brain following HI protocol. The expression of IL‐6 in the cortex and/or hippocampus at multiple time points after HI was examined by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Moreover, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were used to inhibit the expression of IL‐6 in‐vitro and in‐vivo, and the concomitant expression of the Bcl‐2 associated X protein (BAX) and caspase 3 was also measured. HI induced a significant brain damage, and these pathological changes were accompanied by IL‐6 upregulation which was found localized in cortical neurons. The inhibition of IL‐6 expression fostered neuronal and axonal growth, and a reduction in cellular apoptosis in cortical neuronal cultures, and cortex and hippocampus of neonatal rats. The expression of apoptotic markers such as BAX and caspase 3 was closely associated with IL‐6. Downregulation of IL‐6 could ameliorate HI‐induced deficiencies by mediating the expression of caspase 3 and BAX.