bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution post-release behaviour and recovery periods of two highly prized recreational sportfish: the blue marlin and sailfish
Authors: Logan Ryan K , Vaudo Jeremy J , Lowe Christopher G , Wetherbee Bradley M , Shivji Mahmood S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High recreational catch rates of istiophorid billfishes in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) have led to substantial eco-tourism derived economic benefits for the countries in the region, prompting many countries to mandate catch-and-release practices for recreational anglers. Previous estimates of billfish post-release behaviours and recovery periods after these physiologically stressful capture events, however, vary widely depending on the type of tag used. Using high-resolution, multi-sensor biologging tags, we provide a fine-scale, detailed view of the behaviour and recovery periods of blue marlin (Makaira nigricans; n = 9) and sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus, Istiophoridae; n = 9) caught in a typical recreational fishery in the ETP. Angling times ranged from 4 to 90 min, and fish were monitored for periods of 6–70 h after release. Blue marlin showed a characteristic long, deep dive immediately after release, with significantly greater duration associated with longer fight times, a behaviour not typical for sailfish. Diving depths were, however, much shallower than those previously reported for both species due to the shallow thermocline and oxycline present in the ETP. Data from 40 derived metrics from acceleration (i.e. tailbeat period, amplitude, pitch, etc.) and physical parameters (i.e. depth, speed, temperature, oxygen saturation, etc.) used to quantify a recovery period suggest blue marlin and sailfish recover 9.0 ± 3.2 and 4.9 ± 2.8 h after release, respectively. Our high-resolution assessment of post-release behaviour suggests that these billfish are capable of rapid physiological recovery after capture in recreational fisheries, and that catch-and-release practices like those used here can be an effective approach to conserve and sustain billfish populations in the ETP. Predicted climate change caused shallowing of the oxygen minimum zone, however, would increase the vertical habitat compression present in this region, potentially prolonging or inhibiting recovery.
CRISPR-RNAa: targeted activation of translation using dCas13 fusions to translation initiation factors
Authors: Otoupal Peter B , Cress Brady F , Doudna Jennifer A , Schoeniger Joseph S 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tools for synthetically controlling gene expression are a cornerstone of genetic engineering. CRISPRi and CRISPRa technologies have been applied extensively for programmable modulation of gene transcription, but there are few such tools for targeted modulation of protein translation rates. Here, we employ CRISPR-Cas13 as a programmable activator of translation. We develop a novel variant of the catalytically-deactivated Cas13d enzyme dCasRx by fusing it to translation initiation factor IF3. We demonstrate dCasRx-IF3’s ability to enhance expression 21.3-fold above dCasRx when both are targeted to the start of the 5′ untranslated region of mRNA encoding red fluorescent protein in Escherichia coli. Activation of translation is location-dependent, and we show dCasRx-IF3 represses translation when targeted to the ribosomal binding site, rather than enhancing it. We provide evidence that dCasRx-IF3 targeting enhances mRNA stability relative to dCasRx, providing mechanistic insights into how this new tool functions to enhance gene expression. We also demonstrate targeted upregulation of native LacZ 2.6-fold, showing dCasRx-IF3’s ability to enhance expression of endogenous genes. dCasRx-IF3 requires no additional host modification to influence gene expression. This work outlines a novel approach, CRISPR-RNAa, for post-transcriptional control of translation to activate gene expression.
SMG-6 mRNA cleavage stalls ribosomes near premature stop codons in vivo
Authors: Kim John H , Modena Matthew S , Sehgal Enisha , Courney Annie , Neudorf Celine W , Arribere Joshua A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) protects cells from the toxic and potentially dominant effects of truncated proteins. Targeting of mRNAs with early stop codons is mediated by the ribosome and spatiotemporally aligned with translation termination. Previously we identified a novel NMD intermediate: ribosomes stalled on cleaved stop codons, raising the possibility that NMD begins even prior to ribosome removal from the stop codon. Here we show that this intermediate is the result of mRNA cleavage by the endonuclease SMG-6. Our work supports a model in which ribosomes stall secondary to SMG-6 mRNA cleavage in Caenorhabditis elegans and humans, i.e. that the novel NMD intermediate occurs after a prior ribosome elicits NMD. Our genetic analysis of C. elegans’ SMG-6 supports a central role for SMG-6 in metazoan NMD, and provides a context for evaluating its function in other metazoans.
The DEAD-box helicase Hlc regulates basal transcription and chromatin opening of stress-responsive genes
Authors: Jia Ruirui , Lin Jiamei , You Jin , Li Shi , Shan Ge , Huang Chuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStress-responsive genes are lowly transcribed under normal conditions and robustly induced in response to stress. The significant difference between basal and induced transcription indicates that the general transcriptional machinery requires a mechanism to distinguish each transcription state. However, what factors specifically function in basal transcription remains poorly understood. Using a classic model stress-responsive gene (Drosophila MtnA), we found that knockdown of the DEAD-box helicase Hlc resulted in a significant transcription attenuation of MtnA under normal, but not stressed, conditions. Mechanistically, Hlc directly binds to the MtnA locus to maintain the accessibility of chromatin near the transcriptional start site, which allows the recruitment of RNA polymerase II and subsequent MtnA transcription. Using RNA-seq, we then identified plenty of additional stress-responsive genes whose basal transcription was reduced upon knockdown of Hlc. Taken together, these data suggest that Hlc-mediated basal transcription regulation is an essential and widespread mechanism for precise control of stress-responsive genes.
Mobilization with reduced cyclophosphamide for autologous stem cell transplantation is feasible in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Pecher Ann-Christin , Ach Katharina Renate , Vogel Wichard , Henes Joerg Christoph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the feasibility of reduced cyclophosphamide dosing in the setting of mobilization chemotherapy prior to high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with SSc. The primary end point was the occurrence of ‘poor mobilization’ when using different cyclophosphamide dosing. The second end point was to analyse potential risk factors for difficult stem cell mobilization in this cohort of patients with SSc.

Methods
This single-centre study retrospectively reviewed 32 patients with SSc who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation. We analysed the occurrence of ‘poor mobilization’ (defined as CD34+ progenitor cell count &lt;2 × 106/kg body weight, the use of increasing G-CSF dose, the use of plerixafor, or leukapheresis on &gt;2 consecutive days) in different cyclophosphamide mobilization regimens: We herein compared low dose (2 × 1–1.5 g/m2) cyclophosphamide vs high dose (2 × 2 g/m2) for mobilization.

Results
Higher dosing of cyclophosphamide seems not to be beneficial regarding stem cell collection as there was no significant difference in stem cell yield between high dose and reduced dose cyclophosphamide (6.2 vs 5.2 × 106/kg bodyweight after CD34+ enrichment). Furthermore, higher doses of cyclophosphamide might be associated with more side effects; this difference was, however, not statistically significant. Lower bodyweight and BMI (P &lt; 0.001) as well as rituximab pre-therapy (P &lt; 0.05) and cardiac involvement (P &lt; 0.01) might negatively impact stem cell collection independently from the chosen regimen.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that a reduced cyclophosphamide mobilization regimen seems to be feasible. Risk factors for poor mobilization might be low bodyweight, prior rituximab therapy and cardiac involvement.
Sexual dysfunction in women with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Minopoulou Ioanna , Pyrgidis Nikolaos , Tishukov Maksim , Sokolakis Ioannis , Baniotopoulos Pantelis , Kefas Aristeidis , Doumas Michael , Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Dimitroulas Theodoros 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn women with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), female sexual dysfunction (SD) remains underestimated. We aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of SD in females with SARDs.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the prevalence of SD and the pooled Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores in this setting (PROSPERO: CRD42021287346). We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases and grey literature until February 2022. We evaluated the quality of the selected records using the Hoy Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects meta-analysis of proportions with the double arcsine transformation was conducted. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses, as well as meta-regression of important correlates, were conducted.ResultsWe included 68 studies with 5457 females diagnosed with a SARD (mean age: 43.7 [12.9] years). The overall SD prevalence was 63% (95% CI: 56, 69%, I2 = 94%) and the overall FSFI total score was 19.7 points (95% CI: 18.4, 21, I2 = 97%). Including only sexually active females, the SD prevalence was estimated as 60% (95% CI: 53, 67%, I2 = 88%), whereas the FSFI total score was 22 points (95% CI: 20.8, 23.1, I2 = 93%). Across the different SARDs, women with Sjögren’s syndrome and systemic sclerosis reported the highest levels of SD (74%, 95% CI: 58, 87%, I2 = 84% and 69%, 95% CI: 54, 83%, I2 = 94%, respectively).ConclusionSexual function in females with SARDs seems to be severely impaired, irrespective of the type of SARD. Screening and treatment of SD in females with SARDs should become an integral part of healthcare clinical practice.
Snoozing: an examination of a common method of waking
Authors: Mattingly Stephen M , Martinez Gonzalo , Young Jessica , Cain Meghan K , Striegel Aaron 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Snoozing was defined as using multiple alarms to accomplish waking, and considered as a method of sleep inertia reduction that utilizes the stress system. Surveys measured snoozing behavior including who, when, how, and why snoozing occurs. In addition, the physiological effects of snoozing on sleep were examined via wearable sleep staging and heart rate (HR) activity, both over a long time scale, and on the days that it occurs. We aimed to establish snoozing as a construct in need of additional study.

Methods
A novel survey examined snoozing prevalence, how snoozing was accomplished, and explored possible contributors and motivators of snoozing behavior in 450 participants. Trait- and day-level surveys were combined with wearable data to determine if snoozers sleep differently than nonsnoozers, and how snoozers and nonsnoozers differ in other areas, such as personality.

Results
57% of participants snoozed. Being female, younger, having fewer steps, having lower conscientiousness, having more disturbed sleep, and being a more evening chronotype increased the likelihood of being a snoozer. Snoozers had elevated resting HR and showed lighter sleep before waking. Snoozers did not sleep less than nonsnoozers nor did they feel more sleepiness or nap more often.

Conclusions
Snoozing is a common behavior associated with changes in sleep physiology before waking, both in a trait- and state-dependent manner, and is influenced by demographic and behavioral traits. Additional research is needed, especially in detailing the physiology of snoozing, its impact on health, and its interactions with observational studies of sleep.
Association betweenToxoplasma gondiiInfection and Nephrotic Syndrome Risk in Children: A Case–Control Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Sorkhi Hadi , Mollalo Abolfazl , Bijani Ali , Mehravar Saeed , Pournasrollah Mohammad , Sadr Moharerpour Sahar , Rostami Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSome evidence suggests toxoplasmosis as an etiology of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children; however, no observational study evaluated this relationship. In a case–control study, we enrolled 35 children with NS and 37 healthy children. All participants were examined for anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also systematically reviewed the literature to assess this relationship. Prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG was 17.4% and 13.5% in cases and controls, respectively, indicating a non-significant association (adjusted odds ratio, 1.22, 95% confidence interval, 0.35–4.41). No subjects were seropositive for IgM. In a systematic review, we found that acute toxoplasmosis can induce NS in some children and anti-Toxoplasma treatment is effective in the remission of NS in these cases. In pediatrics with NS, acute toxoplasmosis should be considered as a neglected causative factor.
Examining the Impact of Dialogic Learning on Critically Reflective Practice
Authors: Boyd Victoria A. , Woods Nikki N. , Kumagai Arno K. , Kawamura Anne A. , Orsino Angela , Ng Stella L. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
While research is beginning to reveal the potential of dialogue in sparking critical reflection (critically reflective ways of seeing), additional research is needed to guide the teaching of critical reflection toward enabling critically reflective practice (critically reflective ways of seeing and doing). An experimental study was conducted to investigate the impact of dialogic learning on critically reflective practice, compared to discussion-based learning. The dialogic intervention integrated the theory of Mikhail Bakhtin with the theory of critical reflection and critical disability studies.

Method
In interprofessional groups of 4, medical, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology students were randomly assigned to a learning condition that used a reflective discussion or critically reflective dialogue about a pediatric patient case. All participants were then randomly assigned a clinical report for a novel pediatric patient and asked to write a hypothetical clinical letter to the child’s school. Hierarchical logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the probabilities of sentences and letters being critically reflective.

Results
The probability of sentences being critically reflective was significantly higher for the dialogue condition (0.26, 95% CI [0.2, 0.33]), compared to the discussion condition (0.11, 95% CI [0.07, 0.15]). Likewise, the probability of letters being critically reflective was significantly higher for the dialogue condition (0.26, 95% CI [0.15, 0.4]), compared to the discussion condition (0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.16]). In both conditions, the probability of a letter being critically reflective was positively associated with the proportion of critically reflective sentences.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate dialogic learning prepared students to enact critically reflective practice when writing mock clinical letters. Students who participated in a dialogue engaged in a collaborative process of critical reflection and subsequently applied that way of seeing in the individual act of writing a letter. This study highlights how Bakhtin’s theory of dialogue can advance critical pedagogy.
Variability of aldosterone, renin and the aldosterone-to-renin ratio in hypertensive patients without primary aldosteronism
Authors: Veldhuizen Gregory P. , Alnazer Rawan M. , Kroon Abraham A. , de Leeuw Peter W. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
The aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is commonly used in the screening of primary aldosteronism. However, limited information is available with regard to the intra-patient variability in this ratio. Our objective is to determine whether ARR measurements are reliably consistent over both the short- and long-term.

Methods:
We assessed the short-term variability of the aldosterone-to-renin ratio in 116 unmedicated, essential hypertensive participants who had two blood samples taken in the morning of the same day for measurement of aldosterone and active plasma renin concentration. Long-term variability was studied in 22 unmedicated, essential hypertensive participants who had two blood samples taken approximately 1 year apart. All samples were taken under highly standardized conditions.

Results:
Our data show that renin, aldosterone and the aldosterone-to-renin ratio show marked variations, both when measured on the same day and when assessed at a longer interval. The ARR becomes increasingly variable as its mean value increases. Its degree of variability is similar in both the short-term and the long-term.

Conclusions:
Based on our findings, we conclude that the aldosterone-to-renin has acceptable short-term variability in the lower ranges, but increasingly dubious reliability as aldosterone-to-renin values rise. Thus, in a clinical context, great caution should be taken in interpreting point-measurements of moderate to high aldosterone-to-renin ratio values.
Predictive power of 24-h ambulatory pulse pressure and its components for mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in 11 848 participants recruited from 13 populations
Authors: Gavish Benjamin , Bursztyn Michael , Thijs Lutgarde , Wei Dong-Mei , Melgarejo Jesus D. , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Boggia José , Hansen Tine W. , Asayama Kei , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Kikuya Masahiro , Yang Wen-Yi , Stolarz-Skrzypek Katarzyna , Malyutina Sofia , Casiglia Edoardo , Lind Lars , Li Yan , Kawecka-Jaszcz Kalina , Filipovský Jan , Tikhonoff Valérie , Gilis-Malinowska Natasza , Dolan Eamon , Sandoya Edgardo , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Wang Ji-Guang , Imai Yutaka , Maestre Gladys E. , O’Brien Eoin , Staessen Jan A. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The role of pulse pressure (PP) ‘widening’ at older and younger age as a cardiovascular risk factor is still controversial. Mean PP, as determined from repeated blood pressure (BP) readings, can be expressed as a sum of two components: ‘elastic PP’ (elPP) and ‘stiffening PP’ (stPP) associated, respectively, with stiffness at the diastole and its relative change during the systole. We investigated the association of 24-h ambulatory PP, elPP, and stPP (‘PP variables’) with mortality and composite cardiovascular events in different age classes.

Method:
Longitudinal population-based cohort study of adults with baseline observations that included 24-h ambulatory BP. Age classes were age 40 or less, 40–50, 50–60, 60–70, and over 70 years. Co-primary endpoints were total mortality and composite cardiovascular events. The relative risk expressed by hazard ratio per 1SD increase for each of the PP variables was calculated from multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models.

Results:
The 11 848 participants from 13 cohorts (age 53 ± 16 years, 50% men) were followed for up for 13.7 ± 6.7 years. A total of 2946 participants died (18.1 per 1000 person-years) and 2093 experienced a fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular event (12.9 per 1000 person-years). Mean PP, elPP, and stPP were, respectively, 49.7, 43.5, and 6.2 mmHg, and elPP and stPP were uncorrelated (r = −0.07). At age 50–60 years, all PP variables displayed association with risk for almost all outcomes. From age over 60 years to age over 70 years, hazard ratios of of PP and elPP were similar and decreased gradually but differently for pulse rate lower than or higher than 70 bpm, whereas stPP lacked predictive power in most cases. For age 40 years or less, elPP showed protective power for coronary events, whereas stPP and PP predicted stroke events. Adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratio variations were similar over the entire age range.

Conclusion:
This study provides a new basis for associating PP components with outcome and arterial properties in different age groups and at different pulse rates for both old and young age. The similarity between adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios supports the clinical usefulness of PP components but further studies are needed to assess the prognostic significance of the PP components, especially at the young age.
Validation of Virtual Monochromatic Images and Effect of Body Size Obtained Using a Rapid kVp-switching Dual-energy Computed Tomography System: A Phantom Study
Authors: Wu Tung-Hsin , Ting Yun-Lung , Hwang Yi-Shuan , Chui Chen-Shou , Lin Cristopher K. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to validate virtual monochromatic computed tomography (CT) numbers and the effect of the body size of insert materials in phantoms on the findings of a dual-energy CT scanner. The material inserted in the phantom simulates human organs. This study investigated the effect of different body sizes on CT numbers to understand the accuracy of dual-energy CT. The effect of body size on virtual monochromatic CT numbers was investigated using a QRM phantom. The true monochromatic CT numbers of insert materials were calculated from coefficients obtained using NIST XCOM. The true Zeff values were supplied by phantom manufacturers or computed using Mayneord’s equation. The virtual monochromatic CT numbers of insert materials in both the phantoms varied with energy. The CT numbers of materials with a Zeff of >7.42 (water Zeff) and <7.42 decreased and increased with energy, respectively. The CT numbers were affected by phantom size as a function of energy. For water, tissues, and air, the CT numbers in the XL phantom were considerably larger than those in other phantom sizes at 40 keV. Body size affected the CT numbers, particularly for the XL size and at low energies. For all materials, the magnitude of difference between the measured and true CT numbers was related to the Zeff of the materials, potentially because the photoelectric effect is more prominent at low energies for materials with a higher Zeff. The difference in CT numbers appeared to be dependent on position. The true and measured Zeff agreed to within 6% for all the materials except the SR2 brain, for which the discrepancy was 25%.
Considerations for Radiation Safety Professionals to Prepare and Respond to the Next Pandemic
Authors: Emery R. J. , Patlovich S. J. , Gutierrez J. M. , Rios J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Health Physics Society’s stated mission is “excellence in the science and practice of radiation safety.” Why, then, should we discuss disease outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics with radiation safety professionals? The answer is simple: all workers are impacted by infectious diseases—and, as safety professionals, we will inevitably be called upon to prepare for and respond to these events. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every facet of life, including home, school, work, and leisure. Moreover, virtually all radiation safety professionals have been impacted by the pandemic either personally, academically, or professionally. Even if radiation safety professionals were not involved directly with COVID-19 response, they were impacted by school closures, remote schooling and work, testing regimes, temperature screenings, vaccination programs, and so forth. However, many radiation safety professionals have been intimately involved in COVID-19 response through activities such as the deployment of personal protective equipment, directional airflow verification for isolation areas, disinfection and decontamination efforts, the design and layout of testing and vaccine centers, and in many other ways. Yet, it is likely that many radiation safety professionals have not received formal training in epidemiology, disease control, or other related topics, and thus may not be attuned to the key aspects to consider when the next pandemic emerges—and it will.