bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Mite Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1981
Authors: Weires R. W. , Aim S. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eleven treatments were applied to 8 tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized block design to evaluate seasonal insect control. Treatments were applied by handgun sprayer at 400 psi, to run-off, using 4.2 gal spray/tree (403 gal/acre). Applications were made at pink, Apr 20, 22, petal fall, May 14, and in 7 cover sprays, May 28, Jun 12, Jun 24, Jul 8, Jul 23, Aug 7, and Aug 20. Trees were 17-yr-old, 12 ft high, and spaced 15 x 30 ft. The fungicide Baycor 50WP (8.0 oz form/acre) was applied with 2 qt of Agridex/acre on Apr 28, May 19, and Jun 2, and without Agridex on Jun 23. The fungicide was applied at 4X (100 gal/acre) concentration with an airblast sprayer. Thinning sprays of Naphthaleneacetic acid were applied by handgun on May 20. Plictran was included with several treatments for mite control on Jul 23. Above normal Spring temperatures hastened the onset of the season resulting in an early buildup of most mite populations. Mite populations were assessed by sampling and brushing with a mite brushing machine 25 ‘Red Delicious’ leaves/tree from 1 tree/repiicate.
Pear, Insect Control, 1981
Authors: Burts Everett 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty-yr-old pear trees were sprayed with handguns operating at 600 psi to evaluate candidate pesticides for control of insect and mite pests. Plots consisted of 5 single-tree replications in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated for pear psylla by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-wk intervals. Adults were counted by taking 5 single-tree replications in randomized block design. Treatments were evaluated for pear psylla by counts of adults and nymphs at 2-wk intervals. Adults were counted by taking 5 beating-tray samples/rep. Nymphs were counted on 5 fruiting spurs on May 25 and on 5 growing terminal shoots thereafter/rep. All tissues on fruiting spurs were examined. Five leaves were examined from each shoot including the proximal and distal leaves and 3 evenly-spaced leaves between. Phytophagous mites were counted from 25-leaf samples/rep by the leaf brushing technique. Pear psylla russet and codling moth entries were counted on 100 fruits/rep at harvest. Harvest samples of 10 fruits/rep were weighed, tested for firmness with a penetrometer and for soluble solids with a refractometer.
Peach, Evaluation of Three Insecticides as Foliage Protectants Against Japanese Beetle Feeding, 1981
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Ponton L. F. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The insecticides were applied to approximately 1/2 acre blocks (.2 ha) of 6-yeai-old peach when the Japanese beetle population was heavy. Trees were sprayed to run-off with a Swanson airblast sprayer with a handgun at 200 psi. Spray dates were Jun 29 and Jul 20. A water sprayed block was included as a control. Each block contained at least one 10 tree row of each of four cultivars; i.e. Red Haven, Madison, Loring and Sunhigh. Four randomly selected trees from each variety in each treatment block were examined and given a numerical rating based on foliage injury present Aug 19. The scale of rating used was 0 = no injury to 10 = complete defoliation.
Peach, Peachtree Borer Control, 1978
Authors: Yonce Carroll E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Jun 16th application of Lorsban 4E, either 3.0 lb or 1.5 lb ai/100 gal, was applied to trunks of 3rd leaf seedling peach trees in the field with a John Bean handgun at 300 psi (to runoff). The test was designed to determine if Lorsban was effectiave against peachtree borer (PTB) larvae in their feeding channels in the inner bark (cambium tissue). Each treatment included approximately 44 randomly selected trees (single tree replications). One-half of the trees were removed from the orchard 10 days following application and examined for larval mortality. The remaining trees were examined weekly for pupal skins from Jul 16 to Oct 20. Data were tabulated from the two methods of evaluation and compared.
Omnivorous Looper Control On Avocados, Jul 1980
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. , Olsen K. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were tested for control of late instar omnivorous looper (OL) larvae on 3-yr-old trees (18 ft x 18 ft spacing) located in San Diego County, Ca. A randomized block experimental design was used with 5 single-tree replicates. Treatments were applied by hand-gun with an FMC hydraulic sprayer on Jul 9 at 400 psi to run-off (ca 3 gal/tree - 300 gal/acre). Treated trees were separated by at least 1 untreated buffer tree on all sides. Treatments were evaluated by examining 40 randomly selected 0L nests/tree for live larvae. Data were subj’ected to analysis of variance after transformation to x.
Control of

Amorbia

Cuneana

(Lepidoptera
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tortricidae) ON AVOCADOS, CA, NOV 1979: Insecticides were tested for efficacy against a heavy infestation of late instar A. cuneana larvae on 5-yr-old avocado trees (20 ft x 20 ft spacing) located in Ventura County, CA. A randomized block experimental design was used with 6 replicates of 2 trees each. Treatments were applied over a 3-day period (Nov 27, 28, and 29) by hand-gun with an FMC hydraulic orchard spray rig at 400 psi to run-off (4 gal/tree = 400 gal/acre). An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. Treatments were evaluated by examining 10 randomly selected A. cuneana nests/tree for live larvae. Only nests between 1 and 6 feet above ground were checked. Data were subjected to analysis of variance after transformation to x.
Aerial Applications for Control of

Amorbia

Cuneana

(Lepidoptera
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. , Olsen K. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tortricidae) ON AVOCADOS, DEC 1980: In an unreplicated test, 3 insecticides were applied to 6-yr-old commercially grown avocado trees (15 ft x 20 ft spacing) located in Riverside County, CA. Each material was applied by helicopter at 20 gal/acre finished spray to a single row of trees, or approximately 0.5 acre. Test rows were separated by at least 6 untreated buffer rows. Fifteen A. cuneana nests were examined on each of 10 trees/treatment for live larvae. The same trees were sampled both pre- and post-treatment. Nests were randomly sampled from both inner and outer areas of the tree from a height of 1-8 ft above ground. Nests were not sampled more than once unless reconstructed by larvae.
Control of Avocado Brown Mite, Oct 1979
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three acaricides were tested for efficacy against the avocado brown mite (ABM) and their effect on A. hibisci. Nine-yr-old avocado trees located in a commercial grove in San Diego County, CA, were treated on Oct 11. A randomzed block experimental design was used with 5 single-tree replicates. Applications were made by hand-gun with an FMC hydraulic orchard spray rig at 400 psi to run-off (ca 9 gal/tree = 900 gal/acre). Treated trees were separated by at least 1 untreated buffer tree both within and between rows. Fifteen leaves were randomly picked per tree for each post-treatment count. Leaves were selected at a height of 2-6 ft above ground and were examined with a dissecting microscope within 4 days of being picked for all motile stages of ABM and predacious mites.
Control of

Amorbia

Cuneana

(Lepidoptera
Authors: Hoffman M. P. , Bailey J. B. , Olsen K. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tortricidae) on Avocados, Ca, Nov 1980: Insecticides were tested for control of mid*to late-instar A. cuneana larvae on 6-yr-old avocado trees (15 ft x 20 ft spacing = ca 145 trees/acre) located in Riverside County, CA. A randomized block experimental design was used with 8 single-tree replicates. Treatments were applied by hand-gun with an FMC hydraulic orchard spray rig at 400 psi to run-off (ca 6 gal/tree = 870 gal/acre) on Nov 26. Two unsprayed buffer trees separated treated trees both within and between rows. Fifteen A. cuneana nests were examined per tree for live larvae on Dec 6, 13, and 27.
Citrus Rust Mite Control with Vydate L, 1981
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vydate L alone and Vydate L with citrus oil spray (Sunspray 6N) and Vendex 50WP were compared for residual control of citrus rust mite (CRM). Tests were conducted on 30-yr-old Ruby Red grapefruit trees planted on 25 ft x 30 ft spacing. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with each treatment replicated on two 12-tree plots. Treatments were applied on May 15 and reapplied on Jul 14 and Oct 1 using a Lockwcod-Hardie air-blast sprayer with speed, nozzle adjustment and pressure regulated to apply 250 gal/acre. At each count date 50 fruit/replicate were randomly selected and CRM counted in a 1 cm2 lens field at 10X on the top, medium and bottom of each fruit. CRM counts were not continued after the Oct 1 spray. At harvest, 100 fruit/replicate were randomly selected and evaluated for CRM damage. Damage was expressed as percent russet, i.e. fruit with moderate to severe damage (US#2 fresh or process fruit).
Citrus Red Mite Control (Crm), 1981
Authors: Childers C. C. , Sorreli R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to single-tree plots replicated 4 times in each of 3 tests. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 350 psi, ca 8 gal/tree, using a truck-mounted sprayer in Test 1 and at 200 psi, ca 4 gal/tree, using a John Bean sprayer in Tests 2 and 3. Water pH was 6.4 (test 1) and 7.2 (Tests 2-3). Twenty-five leaves from the spring flush were examined at random around the outer canopy of each sample tree. The number of motile spider mites on each leaf was counted and the total number of predaceous phytoseiid mites were recorded per 25-leaf sample.
Cutworm Control in Asparagus, 1979
Authors: Grafius E. , Love A. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications (= blocks). Each plot was 3 rows (13.5 ft) by 24 ft long. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer at 20 gpa or by hand (for the Sevin bait), at 7 p.m., Jun 5. Minimum air temperature during the night was 63°F. Soil was moist at a depth of 1/4 inch. Beginning at 6 a.m., Jun 6 (11 hr post-treatment) counts were made of dead or dying larvae in each plot. Dead and dying larvae were counted from around the middle 15 ft of the center row of each plot (total area = 4.5 x 15 ft). Number of crowns in this area was also recorded. A sample of “dying” larvae from each treatment was brought back to the laboratory for identification and to estimate long-term survival. One crown per plot was sampled on Jun 6 (day 1) and 2 per plot were sampled on Jun 13 (day 8) for numbers of cutworms left alive.
Cutworm Control in Asparagus, 1980
Authors: Grafius E. , Love A. P. , May T. , Morrow E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications. Plots were 6 rows wide by 30 ft long. Treatments were applied, May 12 with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer at 30 gpa, excluding the Sevin 5% bait which was applied manually. On the day after treatment, 6 plants in each treatment were sampled for live and dead cutworms. An additional 6 plants per treatment were sampled for dead cutworms. Damaged spears were marked at the time of sampling. Four days after treatment, counts were taken on the number and percent of newly damaged spears. Six crowns from each treatment of both replications were evaluated in this manner.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1981
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Sanfratello R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was planted Jun 15 on the Cal Waterman farm near Batavia, NY. Each treatment consisted of two 30-ft rows bordered on each side by 2 untreated rows replicated 4 times in a Latin square design. Sidedress applications (2 inches to the side and 2 inches deep) using a hand-pushed cone seeder were made on Jun 29 (primary leaf stage) at the rate of 9.3 oz formulation/1000 ft of row. Efficacy was determined by examining 50 trifoliate leaves in each treatment ca once/wk from beginning of Jul to mid-Sep and counting the leafhopper nymphs present.
Control of Imported Cabbageworm and Cabbage Looper, 1980
Authors: Dapsis L. J. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Sun-up’ cabbage was transplanted to the field on Jun 3, in Sunderland, MA. Fertilizer (5-10-10) had been applied to the field on May 8. The soil type was a fine sandy loam and had a pH of ca 6.5. Each treatment plot consised of two 6.1 m rows replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Applications of insecticides were calculated on the basis of 0.91 m row spacing. Insecticides were applied with a gal stainless steel backpack sprayer at 1400 liters of water/ha. Based upon larval counts insecticides were applied on Jul 10 and Aug 4. Larvae were counted on 6 plants/treatment/replicate.
Control of Lygus Bugs on Carrot Seed Crops with Temik, 1979
Authors: Halfhill J. E. , Lydin L. V. , Butt B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Chantenay Red Core’ carrots grown for seed in Shano silt loam (XerolIic Camborthids) soil near Hermiston, OR, were sidedressed with Temik at the time of bolting. The granules were injected 3 inches into the soil 5 inches from the plant row on May 16. The plots were rill irrigated within one week of the application. Each of the 4 replications in the randomized complete block design consisted of a plot 12 rows wide by 50 ft long. The rows were 22- and the plants 6 inches apart. Efficacy was determined by counting the number of lygus in 10-sweep samples/plot taken each week from Jun 6 through Jul 30. Phytotoxicity was determined by counting the number of plants in 8, 5-ft row sections in each plot at harvest on Jut 30. The weight and percentage germination of 100-seed subsamples from these same sections was recorded also. The seeds were germinated on moist filter paper in petri dishes in a controlled environment.
Apple, Ovicidal Effects of Methomyl (Lannate 1.8 L) on Insect and Mite Pests, 1981
Authors: David P. J. , Horsburgh R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To assess the effects of methornyl on the eggs of aphids and mites, seven treatments and a water control were used in each of two experiments. On Mar 5, apple twigs bearing overwintering generation P. ulmi eggs were collected from the research orchard at Steeles Tavern, VA and brought back to the laboratory for processing. Twigs were cut into one-inch sections. Each twig section contained a variable number of eggs ranging from 10 to 35. The sections were affixed to double-stick Scotch tape on a microscope slide. One section was used per slide and three replicates were used per treatment. The slides were dipped in the respective treatment solutions and placed in an open-air insectary. Data were recorded (number of hatched eggs) when control eclosion ceased. Apple twigs bearing eggs of A. pomi and D. plantaginea were collected on Mar 5 from the research orchard at Steeles Tavern, VA. The eggs were processed using the same procedure as that described in Experiment 1. The number of eggs per section ranged from 12 to 43. Methornyl does not appear to exhibit any ovicidal activity against eggs of P. ulmi at any commercially-applicable rate. Methornyl appears to show promise for use as an ovicide against aphid eggs during the silver-tip to green-tip stage of bud development.
Corn Earworm Control, 1981
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Varying rates of Cymbush, Ambush and U-56295 were compared to Lannate for efficiency against the corn earworm. Plots consisted of 4 rows x 150 ft in length with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Planting data was Aug 8 with a 4-row planter using a plant 4 skip 2 row design. Applications were made on Sep 30, Oct 2, 6, 9 and 14, beginning at silking. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted 2-row CO2 sprayer using 12 gpa and 40 psi. The boom was equipped with 3 TX6 nozzles/row on drops. Evaluation categories used were: 1) clean - no damage; 2) slight - tip injury only; and 3) unmarketable - injury below tip. Ears were harvested Oct 22.
Control of European Corn Borer in Canning Sweet Corn, 1981
Authors: Wedberg John , Hogg David , Scriber J. Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted Jun 18 at a seeding rate of 19,500 plants per acre to evaluate the ability of various synthetic pyrethroid, carbamate, and organic phosphate insecticides to control European corn borer under Wisconsin conditions. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 60 GPA of finished spray at 40 psi. To accomplish this, two 8002 flat-fan nozzles were directed at the ear zone on both sides of the row.
Whitefly Suppression on Seedling Lettuce, 1981
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station, which has a soil type of Laveen clay loam. Pelleted, Empire variety of head lettuce was planted Sep 8, in a dry seed bed with a Stanhay precision planter, 2 seed rows per 40 inch bed. The planting was furrow irrigated and kept damp until germination occurred. A complete randomized block design with 4 replicates was used. Plots were 4 beds wide, 13.2 ft and 25 ft long or .0076 acres. Sprays were applied with a CO2 pressurized back-pack sprayer with a 2 nozzle boom having D-3 tips, No. 25 cores and 50 mesh screens. This operated at 55 psi applying ca 35 gallons of spray mixture per acre. Sprays were applied at ca weekly Intervals beginning on Oct 1. Evaluation of the whitefly infestation was done by picking 5 outer leaves from each plot, 20 per treatment. A circle .2 inch in diameter was marked near the outer edge of each leaf and all the whitefly eggs and larvae within were counted under a binocular microscope. Counts for each treatment represents 4 square inches.
Insect Control on Peppers in Florida, 1981
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set Mar 4, 12 inches apart on 3 ft wide by 6 inch high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 15 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Apr 9, 6, 23, 30, May 7, 14, and 21 with a Solo motorized mist blower which was operated at 1300-1400 RPM (20-25 mph air velocity) and delivered 120 gpa. Plots were harvested May 14, 19 and 28 and each fruit examined for damage due to the beet armyworm. On May 28, 10 leaflets were randomly collected from each plot, sealed in plastic bags and refrigerated. The following day, the green peach aphids present were removed from the leaflets with a leaf-brushing machine, deposited on a detergent-coated glass plate, and counted on 0.2 of the area of the plate.
Insect Control on Cabbage, 1983
Authors: Edelson Jonathan V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Greenback cabbage was direct seeded into 2-row beds on 40-in centers on 9 Oct. at the Tex. Agric. Exp. Sta., Weslaco, Tex. The experimental design was complete randomized block with 3 blocks and 10 treatments. Plots were three beds wide by 40 ft long. Pesticides were applied 12 Jan. with a tractor-mounted sprayer operated at 4 mph and a boom pressure of 30 lb/in . Flat-fan nozzles ca. 12 in. above the plants were directed downward spraying a broadcast pattern at a rate of 5.5 gal/acre. Control plots were not sprayed. Insects were monitored on 18 Jan. by inspecting 10 randomly selected plants from the middle of the plots.
Apple Insecticide Evaluations, 1983
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Walter Sandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to trees in four single-tree replications in a randomized block design, using a Swanson DA400PT024 airblast sprayer. The sprayer traveled at 1.07 m/sec and delivered 2805 1/ha for delayed dormant and pre-pink applications, and 935 1/ha for the remainder of the season. Dates of application were 13 Apr. (delayed dormant (DD)), 28 Apr. (pre-pink (PP)), 11 and 12 May (petal fall (PF)), 27 May (first cover (lc)), 13 June (second cover (2C)), 25 and 28 June (third cover ((3C)), 12 July (fourth cover (4C)), 28 July (fifth cover (5C)), 15 Aug. (sixth cover (6C)), and 30 and 31 Aug (seventh cover (7C)). Baycor 50WP and Streptomycin were also applied separately to all treatments. Trees were evaluated for rosy apple aphid control on 1 and 2 June by walking around the periphery of the trees and counting colonies. Treatment effectiveness was determined for apple aphid on 1 and 2 June by counting infested leaves on each of 20 terminals (10 from each sprayed side) around the periphery of trees at a height of 1.8 m. Control of white apple leafhoppers was determined by counting nymphs found on 25 leaves selected from outside of each tree. Effects of treatments on European red mites were determined by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine and counting active mites with a binocular microscope. Effects on Stethoruspunctum were determined by counting adults and larvae observed during a 3-min period while walking around the tree periphery. Treatment effectiveness on fruit feeders was determined by scoring for injury 400 apples per treatment (100 per replication), plus all fallen apples found from 19-21 Sept.
Control of Caterpillars on Cabbage with Combinations of Insecticides,1983
Authors: Shelton A.M. , Wilsney W.T. , North R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 19 July at the Veg. Res. Farm, near Geneva, N.Y. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-in. centers with plant spacing of 16 in. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block. A 2-row tractor-mounted boom, having three nozzles per row and delivering 35 gal/acre at 50 lb/in2 was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Applications were made on 30 Sept. and evaluated on 7 Oct. Evaluations were made by randomly selecting three plants per plot, cutting off all leaves, and recording larval populations.
Pickleworm and Melonworm Control on Cucurbits in Florida, 1982
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 16 Sept., 1 ft apart on beds (2.5 ft wide by 8 in high) of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. A split-plot design was utilized with insecticide treatments as main plots and cucurbit crops as subplots. Mainplots were separated by 10 ft and were replicated four times. Subplots consisted of single rows of 10 plants each and were separated by 6 ft. Treatments were applied 6, 12, 19, and 26 Oct., and 2, 8, 16, 23, and 29 Nov. (only cantaloupe subplots were treated the last date) with a 2.5-gal handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 60 to 100 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew and averaged 90 gal/acre). The number of undamaged fruit and numbers damaged by pickleworm or melonworm larvae were totaled over all harvests. Squash subplots were harvested 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 27, and 29 Oct., and 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 19 Nov. Cucumber subplots were harvested the same dates with the exception of the first four dates in Oct. Cantaloupe subplots were harvested 15, 19, 24, and 30 Nov., and 2, 4, 6, and 10 Dec. Damaged fruit was inspected and the number of pickleworm larvae present were counted. Percentage data were transformed arc sine %/100 before analysis, but data are presented in the original scale.