bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel CSF1R-positive tenosynovial giant cell tumor cell lines and their pexidartinib (PLX3397) and sotuletinib (BLZ945)-induced apoptosis
Authors: Thongchot Suyanee , Duangkaew Supani , Yotchai Wasan , Maungsomboon Sorranart , Phimolsarnti Rapin , Asavamongkolkul Apichat , Thuwajit Peti , Thuwajit Chanitra , Chandhanayingyong Chandhanarat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a mesenchymal tumor derived from the synovium of the tendon sheath and joints, most frequently in the large joints. The standard of care for TGCTs is surgical resection. A new targeting approach for treating TGCTs has emerged from studies on the role of the CSF1/CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) in controlling cell survival and proliferation during the pathogenesis of TGCTs. We established four novel cell lines isolated from the primary tumor tissues of patients with TGCTs. The cell lines were designated Si-TGCT-1, Si-TGCT-2, Si-TGCT-3, and Si-TGCT-4, and the TGCT cells were characterized by CSF1R and CD68. These TGCT cells were then checked for cell proliferation using an MTT assay and three-dimensional spheroid. The responses to pexidartinib (PLX3397) and sotuletinib (BLZ945) were evaluated by two-dimensional MTT assays. All cells were positive for α‑smooth muscle actin (α‑SMA), fibroblast activation protein (FAP), CSF1R, and CD68. Except for Si-TGCT-4, all TGCT cells had high CSF1R expressions. The cells exhibited continuous growth as three-dimensional spheroids formed. Treatment with pexidartinib and sotuletinib inhibited TGCT cell growth and induced cell apoptosis correlated with the CSF1R level. Only Si-TGCT-4 cells demonstrated resistance to the drugs. In addition, the BAX/BCL-2 ratio increased in cells treated with pexidartinib and sotuletinib. With the four novel TGCT cell lines, we have an excellent model for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Biological soil quality and soil organic carbon change in biodynamic, organic, and conventional farming systems after 42 years
Authors: Krause Hans-Martin , Stehle Bernhard , Mayer Jochen , Mayer Marius , Steffens Markus , Mäder Paul , Fliessbach Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSoils are the basis of life on land and the ways in which we manage them for crop production, impact their role, functions and quality. Conventional farming uses industrial inputs to a level that is economically justified, whilst organic farming systems avoid mineral fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides. This study investigates the long-term effect of organic and conventional farming systems on soil quality. The DOK trial (bioDynamic, bioOrganic, Konventionell (German for conventional)) running since 1978 in Therwil (CH), compares bioorganic (BIOORG), biodynamic (BIODYN), and conventional (CONFYM) farming systems at two farmyard manure intensities corresponding to 0.7 and 1.4 livestock units per hectare with a purely mineral fertilized system (CONMIN) and an unfertilized control (NOFERT). The treatments in the DOK trial vary in plant protection and receive system-specific organic matter inputs differing in rate and quality. With this work, we revisit the soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics across 42 years and redefine the previous perception of mainly declining SOC contents after 21 years of organic and conventional management (Fliessbach et al. 2007). After 42 years, we found SOC contents to be increased in BIODYN 1.4 and to a lesser extent also in BIOORG 1.4. CONFYM 1.4 showed stable SOC contents, while systems fertilized with manure of 0.7 livestock units and CONMIN lost SOC. SOC loss was highest in NOFERT. Enhanced biological soil quality under organic and particularly biodynamic management highlights the close link between soil biology and SOC changes. The impact of farming systems on SOC was detectable after 2 decades of continuous management. We conclude that recycling manure at a level of 1.4 livestock units per hectare permits maintenance of SOC levels and that composting manure, as performed in BIODYN 1.4, helps to further increase SOC levels and improve biological soil quality.
A comparison between growth of direct and pulse current electrodeposited crystalline SnO2 films; electrochemical properties for application in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Hessam Ramtin , Najafisayar Pooria , Rasouli Seyedeh Sepideh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTin oxide (SnO2) films were electrodeposited on graphite substrates using direct and pulse current electrodeposition techniques. The influence of applied current density on the morphological properties, crystal structure, and electrochemical behavior of the resulting films were studied by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that pulse electrodeposited films have porous flower-like morphology with smaller crystallite size and high donor density in comparison with direct current electrodeposited films that include equiaxed particles in their morphologies, such characteristics give them better electrochemical performance (higher degree of reversibility, higher specific capacitance, and faster lithium-ion diffusion) than those films that were synthesized by conventional direct current electrodeposition method. Furthermore, using higher applied current densities leads to the improvement of SnO2 films’ electrochemical performance due to the formation of the films with finer morphology that include more porosity and oxygen vacancies in their respective crystal structure.
From exceptional to common presence: Italian women in twentieth-century life sciences
Authors: Dröscher Ariane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis essay surveys the situation of Italian women life scientists from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. It follows the path that took women from being an exceptional presence to becoming a common, yet not equal, presence in the Italian science departments. Very different proportions of women occupied the three ranks in the academic hierarchy—students, research staff and professors. From the late nineteenth century onwards, women started to enrol in Italian universities. Initially, the second most popular department among female students—outdone only by the humanities—was that of mathematics, physics and natural sciences. Concerning women among research staff, a brief statistical analysis reveals the growing proportion of the female workforce in academic institutions and brings into view poorly known female assistants and technicians. The most difficult career step for women was to gain a tenured university position. A comparison between bacteriologist Giuseppina Cattani’s ‘failure’ to gain such a position and the ultimately successful strategy of zoologist and limnologist Rina Monti, who became one of the very first female university professors in Europe, illustrates the opportunities as well as the obstacles women naturalists encountered on the way into the academia. These experiences and those of others show that well into the twentieth century the support of powerful male mentors continued to be indispensable for women scientists. Positions in peripheral institutes or specializations in emerging research fields, in particular hydrobiology, entomology and cytogenetics, provided opportunities for Italian women to work their way up to professorships.
Tree Communication: the Effects of “Wired” and “Wireless” Channels on Interactions with Herbivores
Authors: Rasheed Muhammad Usman , Brosset Agnès , Blande James D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Approximately
40 years ago, key papers indicating that volatile chemicals released by damaged plants elicited defense-related changes in their neighbors, brought prominence to the idea of plant communication. These studies were conducted with several tree species and the phenomenon observed was dubbed “talking trees.” Today there is a wealth of evidence supporting the idea that plants can send and receive information both above and belowground. However, while early reports of plant-plant communication concerned trees, the literature is now heavily biased towards herbaceous plants. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent research on tree-tree communication with an emphasis on synthesizing knowledge on the ecological relevance of the process.

Recent Findings
Aboveground, information is often provided in the form of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are released by both undamaged and damaged plants. The blends of VOCs released by plants provide information on their physiological condition. Belowground, information is conveyed through mycorrhizal networks and via VOCs and chemical exudates released into the rhizosphere. Recent findings have indicated a sophistication to tree communication with more effective VOC-mediated interactions between trees of the same versus a different genotype, kin-group, or chemotype. Moreover, common mycorrhizal networks have been shown to convey stress-related signals in intra- and interspecific associations. Together these two forms of communication represent “wireless” and “wired” channels with significance to facilitating plant resistance to herbivores.

Summary
In this review, we examine tree-tree communication with a focus on research in natural forest ecosystems. We particularly address the effects of tree-tree communication on interactions with herbivorous insects. Aboveground and belowground interactions are both reviewed and suggested implications for forest management and future research are presented.
Didaktische Formatierungen ‚selbständiger‘ Lernprozesse im ‚individualisierten‘ Unterricht. Zur Vereindeutigung und Stabilisierung schulischen Wissens
Authors: Tyagunova Tanya , Raggl Andrea 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Fokus dieses Beitrags steht die unterrichtliche Handhabung eines für ‚selbständiges‘ Lernen im Rahmen individualisierten Grundschulunterrichts konzipierten didaktischen Materials. In der exemplarischen Analyse der konkreten Bearbeitung dieses Materials durch eine Schülerin der ersten Schulstufe und deren Lehrerin werden verschiedene Handlungslogiken rekonstruiert und es wird gezeigt, wie sie miteinander und mit der in die Struktur des Materials eingelassenen Aufgabenlogik korrespondieren. Der Beitrag fragt dabei grundlegend danach, was die rekonstruierten Handlungslogiken für die Konstitution schulischen Wissens im Kontext individualisierten Grundschulunterrichts bedeuten. Durch die den laufenden Bearbeitungsprozess der Schülerin begleitenden und anleitenden Anweisungen der Lehrperson, die zum einen gegen den eigensinnigen Arbeitsmodus der Schülerin und zum anderen gegen die potenzielle Vieldeutigkeit des Bildmaterials arbeiten, werden das zu erwerbende fachbezogene Wissen und der Arbeitsprozess der Schülerin auf eine bestimmte Weise formatiert. Diese didaktischen Formatierungen tragen zur Stabilisierung schulischen Wissens bei und richten sich auf die Kultivierung einer disziplinierten Arbeitshaltung, die insbesondere für den Grundschulunterricht von entscheidender Bedeutung zu sein scheint.
Improved Multi-layer Analysis of Pavement Response Using Neural Networks to Optimize Numerical Integration
Authors: Abed Ahmed , Thom Nick , Campos-Guereta Ivan , Airey Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a new accurate method to compute the mechanical response of pavement structures using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model coupled with Multi-Layer Elastic Analysis (MLEA). The ANN model is used to improve the numerical integration of the response function used in the MLEA method. It requires four inputs: total pavement thickness, the diameter of the contact area, radial distance, and depth of the response point; and it was trained on one million hypothetical pavement structures. The developed method has been validated by a comparative analysis against boundary conditions, finite element analysis, and available MLEA solutions using various hypothetical pavement structures. The results demonstrate that the developed solution gives excellent response in the vicinity of the pavement surface together with a significant improvement in computational efficiency.
Species evenness affects algae driven co-metabolism with aquatic plant residues
Authors: Deng Yang , Wu Yiting , Liu Gan , Xu Xiaoguang , Ma Jie , Yan Yan , Wang Guoxiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the mixed decomposition processes of aquatic plant residues is crucial for evaluating the carbon cycle of lakes. However, the complex effect of species evenness, and especially the algae driving co-metabolism effect in eutrophic lakes are still far from clear. In this study, three dominant aquatic plants (Phragmites australis, Nymphoides peltatum, and Potamogeton malaianus) and algae from the typical eutrophic and shallow Lake Taihu, China, were selected to simulate their mixed decomposition process. The addition of algae accelerated the mass loss of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of aquatic plant residues and increased the total mass loss by 2.29~6.32% in mixed decomposition. The positive co-metabolism effect, with the intensity ranging from 10% to 17%, occurred during the mixed decomposition process. In addition, the positive co-metabolism effect was also found among plant residues during mixed decomposition and the co-metabolism intensity of species evenness mixed decomposition was more than twice as high as that of non-evenness mixed decomposition. The addition of algae during the decomposition of aquatic plant residues altered the stoichiometry of available nutrients and affected the microbial decomposition activity. The abundance of decomposition bacteria, especially Bacteroidetes, was increased and the community structure also changed, as evidenced by a 71% increase in the number of bacteria phylum. As a result, these biogeochemistry processes accelerated the decomposition rates of aquatic plant residues and thus produced the positive co-metabolism effect. Therefore, the co-metabolism effects of mixed decomposition described in this study are prevalent in eutrophication lakes and have important effects on the lake carbon cycle, which need to be considered in future lake management.
Graphical Abstract
Assaulting ‘diversity as such’: The ontology of dehumanisation in mass violence
Authors: Michel Torsten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDehumanisation is one of the most invoked factors in analyses of mass atrocities with many scholars focusing on its crucial role in enabling perpetrators to inflict violence on their victims. However, while its application is widespread, its relevance is often assumed a priori, with claims regarding its empirical relevance often asserted rather than argued for. Not only does its meaning, nature, and function remain amorphous, current scholarship also lacks a general conceptualisation of the basic features that bind the manifold appearances of dehumanisation together. It is this paucity of sustained reflection and particularly the lack of conceptual clarity that the present article seeks to address. Drawing on the work of Hannah Arendt, it aims to deliver a more thoroughgoing appraisal of the nature of dehumanisation as a fundamental violation of plurality to conceptually consolidate and ground its meaning and bind together its diverse manifestations across cases of mass violence.
Social Media Platforms within Internal Market Construction: Patterns of Reproduction in EU Platform Law
Authors: Hiltunen Miikka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe European Union’s new regulatory agenda targeting online platforms such as social media has been presented as a progressive watershed moment after a long period of regulatory restraint. The attempt to construct an internal market lends legal competence to the two centerpieces of this agenda—the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA). This Article analyzes the Union’s attempts to govern online platforms as a part of internal market construction. After examining the underlying aims of the internal market, the Article proceeds to analyze how those aims have been operationalized in existing EU electronic commerce law and more recently in the DSA and DMA proposals. The Article argues that the Union regulatory agenda is not particularly transformative. While the DSA and DMA introduce many novel regulatory mechanisms with an equalizing potential, they also remain faithfully committed to the aims and pre-existing mechanisms of internal market construction that have enabled the rise of platform corporations in the first place. Thus, the proposals risk reproducing and legitimizing various inequalities in the European digital economy. The article seeks to connect alternative visions of platforms with the re-imagination of internal market construction.
Dynamics of Polarization: Affective Partisanship and Policy Divergence
Authors: Diermeier Daniel , Li Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe explore the dynamics of affective partisanship and policy divergence in a behavioral voting model. Voters are adaptive and influenced by partisan affect, while political parties are rational and office motivated. We show that the affective partisanship of the electorate and the divergence of party platforms can be mutually reinforcing, thus providing an explanation for the observed co-movement of affective and elite polarization in recent decades. Whether the induced behavioral path exhibits low polarization or high polarization depends on the salience of group identity and the number of moderate voters. Thus, shocks to those factors, perhaps due to such events as economic crises or war, can lead to the polarization or depolarization of the electorate and of the elite.
Spheres of Life and Scales of Action among Gujarati and Omani Merchants in the African Great Lakes Region, 1920s–1930s
Authors: Castryck Geert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBased on bankruptcy and inheritance files and on population and business registers from Ruanda-Urundi, this paper reconstructs the local and long-distance professional and affective relations of Indian and Arab merchants operating in and around Bujumbura in the two decades before and after the Great Depression (1920s–1930s). The story complements the historiography on Asian diasporas in East Africa by going beyond the Indian Ocean coast, beyond the precolonial period, and beyond British-governed territories. Looking at different spheres of life and scales of action and assessing both commercial success and failure, this article makes a case for the importance of local dynamics and the relevance of cross-community relations within the relatively small foreign trade sector in the region. The reliance on “home” and kin remained important as mutual insurance at times of arrival and misfortune: firmly established first-comers assisted their relatives upon arrival, while at times of bankruptcy, death, or old age, long-distance family ties proved vital as well. However, facing discriminatory colonial measures, the Arab and Indian merchants were gradually relegated to the role of intermediaries in long-distance trade. Consequently, day-to-day business relations were increasingly a local, cross-community, and above all, precarious affair.
Traces of disappearing heritage: upcycling of wooden vessels preserved in the vernacular architecture of a large river valley in Central Europe
Authors: Brykała Dariusz , Pogodziński Paweł Marek , Piotrowski Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe article presents a trend in rural and small-town architecture, in central Poland, consisting in the reuse of material from river-going vessels. As part of the research, twenty objects (existing and non-extant) were identified that had been constructed using material from wooden vessels that had navigated the Vistula River in the past (nineteenth and twentieth centuries). There was also a reinterpretation of the origin of construction material from a farm building that had been moved in the 1980s from near the Vistula to one of Polish open-air museums. The results indicate that these are probably the last material traces of a boat mill that operated on the Vistula in the late nineteenth century. Also, many preserved millstones embedded in buildings located near the Vistula seem to confirm this conclusion.
MAVEN Proton Observations Near the Martian Moon Phobos: Does Phobos Backscatter Solar Wind Protons?
Authors: Deniau A. , Nénon Q. , André N. , Mazelle C. , Rahmati A. , Fowler C. M. , Poppe A. R. , McFadden J. P. , Halekas J. S. , Penou E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractESA's Mars Express (MEX) may have observed twice solar wind protons backscattered by Phobos. However, these detections remain uncertain and call for an independent confirmation. Here, we analyze the proton measurements collected by the Suprathermal And Thermal Ion Composition experiment onboard NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN) during the 15 closest encounters of MAVEN with Phobos (closest approach between 80 and 370 km). We use a model of magnetic connectivity to the Martian bow shock and an exospheric pickup ion model to identify the origin of the protons observed close to the Martian moon. We find no evidence of protons backscattered by Phobos. Instead, foreshock‐shock foot protons and Martian exospheric pickup protons are often observed near Phobos. These results put into new context not only the past MEX detections, but also the future observation attempts of the upcoming JAXA Martian Moons Exploration mission.
On a Guiding of Whistler‐Mode Waves by Density Gradients
Authors: Streltsov Anatoly V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObservations from satellites demonstrate that in the magnetosphere, VLF whistler‐mode waves are frequently detected in the narrow transition regions, where the plasma density changes its magnitude over a short distance across the ambient magnetic field. These observations suggest that the small‐scale, isolated density gradients can guide the VLF whistler‐mode waves along the field. We investigate the guiding of the whistler‐mode waves by the transverse density gradients with a size much less than the characteristic perpendicular size of the wave. We found analytical solutions describing these waves in the plasma with a sharp density discontinuity between two homogeneous regions, and confirm with time‐dependent, two‐dimensional simulations that these waves are indeed guided by the discontinuity. Simulations also reveal that the parameters of the guided waves (the frequency and parallel wavelength) relate to the parameters of the plasma.