bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic-treated asphalt road in Copenhagen for urban $$\text{NO}_{x}$$ removal
Authors: Dahl Lilja , Jensen Henrik , Bigi Alessandro , Ghermandi Grazia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen oxides ($$\hbox {NO}_{x} = \hbox {NO}+\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
x

=
NO
+

NO
2

) are key pollutants and short-lived climate forcers contributing to acid rain, photochemical smog, aerosol formation and climate change. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide ($$\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
2

) emitted mainly from transportation, causes adverse health effects associated with respiratory illnesses and increased mortality even at low concentration. Application of titanium dioxide ($$\hbox {TiO}_{2}$$

TiO
2

)-based photocatalysis in urban environment is a new air cleaning solution, activated by sunlight and water vapour to produce OH radicals, able to remove $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

and other pollutants from the planetary boundary layer. This study is a large-scale evaluation of $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

removal efficiency at a near-road environment with applied photocatalytic NOxOFF™ technology on an urban road west of Copenhagen, thus supporting local municipality in meeting their clean-air Agenda 2030. The photocatalytic NOxOFF™ granulate containing $$\hbox {TiO}_{2}$$

TiO
2

nanoparticles was applied on an asphalt road in July 2020 and ambient $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

was measured during a six-month monitoring campaign. It is the first $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

monitoring campaign carried out at this road and specific efforts have been devoted to evaluate the reduction in ambient $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

levels with NOxOFF™-treated asphalt. Several methods were used to evaluate the photocatalytic effect, taking into account analysis limitations such as the short reference period prior to application and the highly uncertain measurement period during which SARS-CoV-2 lockdown measures impacted air quality. There was no statistically significant difference in $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

concentrations between the reference period and the photocatalytic active period and NO removal efficiency resulted in $$-\,0.17$$

-

0.17

(± 1.27). An upper limit removal of 17.5% $$\hbox {NO}_{x}$$

NO
x

was estimated using a kinetic tunnel model. While $$\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
2

comparison with COPERT V street traffic model projection was roughly estimated to decrease by 39% (± 38%), although this estimate is subject to high uncertainty. The observed annual mean $$\hbox {NO}_{2}$$

NO
2

concentration complies with Frederiksberg clean-air Agenda 2030 and air quality standards.
Graphical abstract
A graphical abstract illustrating the air cleaning properties of $$\hbox{TiO}_{2}$$

TiO
2

-based photocatalytic-treated asphalt
Assessing the effects of survey-inherent disturbance on primate detectability: Recommendations for line transect distance sampling
Authors: Bessone Mattia , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Hohmann Gottfried , Herbinger Ilka , N’Goran K. Paul , Asanzi Papy , Da Costa Pedro B. , Dérozier Violette , Fotsing D. B. Ernest , Ikembelo B. Beka , Iyomi D. Mpongo , Iyatshi B. Iyomi , Kafando Pierre , Kambere A. Mbangi , Moundzoho B. Dissondet , Musubaho L. Kako , Fruth Barbara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHabitat destruction and over-hunting are increasingly threatening the arboreal primates of Central Africa. To establish effective conservation strategies, accurate assessments of primate density, abundance, and spatial distribution are required. To date, the method of choice for primate density estimation is line transect distance sampling. However, primates fleeing human observers violate methodological assumptions, biasing the accuracy of resulting estimates. In this study, we used line transect distance sampling to study five primate species along 378 km of transects in Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We tested the effect of different levels of survey-inherent disturbance (i.e., cutting) on the number of observed (i) primate groups, and (ii) individuals within groups, by counting groups at three different time lags after disturbance of the transect, (i) a minimum of 3 h, (ii) 24 h, (iii) a minimum of 3 days. We found that survey-inherent disturbance led to underestimated densities, affecting both the number of encountered groups and of observed individuals. However, the response varied between species due to species-specific ecological and behavioral features.Piliocolobus tholloniandColobus angolenisresumed an unaltered behavior only 24 h after disturbance, whileLophocebus aterrimus,Cercopithecus ascanius, andCercopithecus wolfirequired a minimum of 10 days. To minimize bias in density estimates, future surveys using line transect distance sampling should be designed considering survey-inherent disturbance. We recommend evaluating the factors driving primate response, including habitat type, niche occupation, and hunting pressure, peculiar to the survey-specific area and primate community under study.
Artificial neural networks based predictions towards the auto-tuning and optimization of parallel IO bandwidth in HPC system
Authors: Tipu Abdul Jabbar Saeed , Conbhuí Pádraig Ó , Howley Enda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSuper-computing or HPC clusters are built to provide services to execute computationally complex applications. Generally, these HPC applications involve large scale IO (input/output) processing over the networked parallel file system disks. They are commonly developed on top of the C/C++ based MPI standard library. The HPC clusters MPI–IO performance significantly depends on the particular parameter value configurations, not generally considered when writing the algorithms or programs. Therefore, this leads to poor IO and overall program performance degradation. The IO is mostly left to individual practitioners to be optimised at code level. This usually leads to unexpected consequences due to IO bandwidth degradation which becomes inevitable as the file data scales in size to petabytes. To overcome the poor IO performance, this research paper presents an approach for auto-tuning of the configuration parameters by forecasting the MPI–IO bandwidth via artificial neural networks (ANNs), a machine learning (ML) technique. These parameters are related to MPI–IO library and lustre (parallel) file system. In addition to this, we have identified a number of common configurations out of numerous possibilities, selected in the auto-tuning process of READ/WRITE operations. These configurations caused an overall READ bandwidth improvement of 65.7% with almost 83% test cases improved. In addition, the overall WRITE bandwidth improved by 83% with number of test cases improved by almost 93%. This paper demonstrates that by using auto-tuning parameters via ANNs predictions, this can significantly impact overall IO bandwidth performance.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben
Authors: Frey Matthis , van der Vaart Jeroen , Bär Kristian , Bossennec Claire , Calcagno Philippe , Dezayes Chrystel , Sass Ingo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeep geothermal energy represents an essential component of the future energy supply because the resources greatly exceed the demand, and the base load capability can compensate for temporal fluctuations in wind and solar power. By far, the largest amount of heat is contained in the crystalline basement, accessible almost everywhere through deep drilling. An interdisciplinary approach for a techno-economic resource assessment was applied to provide stakeholders with a more reliable basis for decision-making in the Northern Upper Rhine Graben. This approach incorporated data from various sources such as boreholes, outcrops, geophysical surveys, geomechanical models, and operating geothermal power plants. Emphasis was placed on resources tied to large-scale fault zones, exhibiting preferential hydraulic properties. Uncertainties in the calculations were quantified using Monte Carlo simulations. The resource base in the basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben is about 830 PWhth, of which about 8.2–16.1 PWhth could potentially be extracted with current technologies in enhanced geothermal systems. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was carried out, examining the economic influence of nine parameters. Considering the reference power plant and the energy prices before the Ukraine war began in February 2022, the geothermal reserves are about 65% of the resources. However, given the massive recent increase in heat and electricity prices, a higher percentage is also possible. Finally, a socio-economic-environmental assessment shows that in the Northern Upper Rhine Graben, geothermal resources largely coincide with favorable conditions at the surface, making the region a preferred target for geothermal utilization.
Novel qutrit circuit design for multiplexer, De-multiplexer, and decoder
Authors: Taheri Monfared Asma , Ciriani Valentina , Kettunen Lauri , Haghparast Majid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDesigning conventional circuits present many challenges, including minimizing internal power dissipation. An approach to overcoming this problem is utilizing quantum technology, which has attracted significant attention as an alternative to Nanoscale CMOS technology. The reduction of energy dissipation makes quantum circuits an up-and-coming emerging technology. Ternary logic can potentially diminish the quantum circuit width, which is currently a limitation in quantum technologies. Using qutrit instead of qubit could play an essential role in the future of quantum computing. First, we propose two approaches for quantum ternary decoder circuit in this context. Then, we propose a quantum ternary multiplexer and quantum ternary demultiplexer to exploit the constructed quantum ternary decoder circuit. Techniques to achieve lower quantum cost are of importance. We considered two types of circuits, one in which the output states are always restored to the initial input states and the other in which the states of the output are irrelevant. We compare the proposed quantum ternary circuits with their existing counterparts and present the improvements. It is possible to realize the proposed designs using macro-level ternary gates that are based on the ion-trap realizable ternary 2-qutrit Muthukrishnan–Stroud and 1-qutrit permutation gates.
The Flow of Lubricant as a Mist in the Piston Assembly and Crankcase of a Fired Gasoline Engine
Authors: Dyson Christopher J. , Priest Martin , Lee Peter M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe tribological performance of the piston assembly of an automotive engine is highly influenced by the complex flow mechanisms that supply lubricant to the upper piston rings. As well as affecting friction and wear, the oil consumption and emissions of the engine are strongly influenced by these mechanisms. There is a significant body of work that seeks to model these flows effectively. However, these models are not able to fully describe the flow of lubricant through the piston assembly. Some experimental studies indicate that droplets of lubricant carried in the gas flows through the piston assembly may account for some of this. This work describes an investigation into the nature of lubricant misting in a fired gasoline engine. Previous work in a laboratory simulator showed that the tendency of a lubricant to form mist is dependent on the viscosity of the lubricant and the type and concentration of viscosity modifier. The higher surface area-to-volume ratio of the lubricant if more droplets are formed or if the droplets are smaller is hypothesised to increase the degradation rate of the lubricant. The key work in the investigation was to measure the size distribution of the droplets in the crankcase of a fired gasoline engine. Droplets were extracted from the crankcase and passed through a laser diffraction particle sizer. Three characteristic droplet size ranges were observed: Spray sized (250–1000 μm); Major mist (30–250 μm); and Minor mist (0.1–30 μm). Higher base oil viscosity tended to reduce the proportion of mist-sized droplets. The viscoelasticity contributed by a polymeric viscosity modifier reduced the proportion of mist droplets, especially at high load.
Long-term prognostic value of left atrial longitudinal strain in an elderly community-based cohort
Authors: Zhubi Bakija Fjolla , Bagyura Zsolt , Fábián Alexandra , Ferencz Andrea , Kiss Loretta , Szenczi Orsolya , Vadas Réka , Dósa Edit , Nguyen Dat Tin , Csobay-Novák Csaba , Jermendy Ádám L. , Szelid Zsolt , Soós Pál , Kovács Attila , Merkely Béla 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite the well-known importance of left atrial (LA) mechanics in diastolic function, data are scarce regarding the prognostic power of LA longitudinal strain and its potential added value in the risk stratification of an elderly population. Accordingly, our aim was to determine the long-term prognostic importance of 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography-derived peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) in a community-based screening sample. Three hundred and fourteen volunteers were retrospectively identified from a population-based screening program (mean age 62 ± 11 years; 58% female) with a median follow-up of 9.5 years. All subjects who participated in the screening program underwent 2D echocardiography to measure left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and PALS, as well as low-dose cardiac CT to determine the Agatston score. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Thirty-nine subjects (12.4%) met the primary endpoint. Subjects with adverse outcomes had significantly lower LV GLS (dead vs. alive; − 19.2 ± 4.3 vs. − 20.6 ± 3.5%, p < 0.05) and PALS (32.3 ± 12.0 vs. 41.8 ± 14.2%, p < 0.001), whereas LV EF did not show a difference between the two groups (51.1 ± 7.0 vs. 52.1 ± 6.2, %, p = NS). By multivariable Cox regression analysis, PALS was found to be a significant predictor of adverse outcomes independent of LV GLS, and Agatston and Framingham scores. In subjects with PALS values below the standard cut-off of 39%, the risk of all-cause mortality was almost 2.5 times higher (hazard ratio: 2.499 [95% confidence interval: 1.334–4.682], p < 0.05). Beyond the assessment of LV EF and LV GLS, PALS offers incremental value in cardiovascular risk stratification in a community-based elderly cohort. PALS was found to be a significant and independent predictor of long-term mortality among other classical cardiovascular risk estimators.
Neo-humanism and COVID-19: Opportunities for a socially and environmentally sustainable world
Authors: Sarracino Francesco , O’Connor Kelsey J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A series of crises, culminating with COVID-19, shows that going “Beyond GDP” is urgently necessary. Social and environmental degradation are consequences of emphasizing GDP as a measure of progress. This degradation created the conditions for the COVID-19 pandemic and limited the efficacy of counter-measures. Additionally, rich countries did not fare much better during the pandemic than poor ones. COVID-19 thrived on inequalities and lack of cooperation. In this article, we leverage on defensive growth theory to explain the relationships between these factors, and we put forward the idea of neo-humanism, a cultural movement grounded on evidence from quality-of-life studies. The movement proposes a new culture leading towards a socially and environmentally sustainable future. Specifically, neo-humanism suggests that prioritizing well-being by, for instance promoting social relations, would benefit the environment, and enable collective action to address public issues. This, in turn, would positively affect productivity and health – among other behavioral outcomes – and thereby instill a virtuous cycle. Such a society would have been better endowed to cope with COVID-19, and possibly even prevented the pandemic. Neo-humanism proposes a world in which the well-being of people comes before the well-being of markets, in which promoting cooperation and social relations represents the starting point for better lives, and a peaceful and respectful coexistence with other species on Earth.
The first fossil record of the anamorphic genus Zygosporium Mont. from the Oligocene of Csolnok (N Hungary)
Authors: Worobiec Grzegorz , Erdei Boglárka 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRemains of a fungus with unique morphological characters were found on the leaf cuticle of a fossil leaf preserved in Oligocene deposits from Csolnok, Hungary. Vesicular conidiophores with characteristic, darkly pigmented, incurved vesicles were compared with those of the modern representatives of the anamorphic genus Zygosporium. Based on the fossil find, a new fossil-species, Zygosporium oligocenicum G. Worobiec sp. nov., having vesicular conidiophores that arise directly from the mycelium, was described. The fossil Zygosporium oligocenicum presumably preferred warm climate and, similarly to most modern members of the genus, was a saprophyte on fallen, decaying leaves.
Energy efficiency potentials in the EU industry: impacts of deep decarbonization technologies
Authors: Kermeli Katerina , Crijns-Graus Wina , Johannsen Rasmus Magni , Mathiesen Brian Vad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasing the energy efficiency in high energy demand sectors such as industry with a high reliance on coal, oil and natural gas is considered a pivotal step towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and meeting the Paris Agreement targets. The European Commission published final energy demand projections for industry capturing current policies and market trends up to 2050. This Reference scenario for industry in 2050, however, does not give insights into the extent to which energy efficiency potentials are already implemented, in which sectors further efficiency can be achieved, to what extent or with which technologies. In this paper, the EU Reference scenario is broken down and compared to a Frozen Efficiency scenario with similar GDP developments but without energy efficiency. Through bottom-up analyses, it is found that with energy efficiency technologies alone, this Reference scenario for industry energy demands (10.6 EJ in 2050) cannot be achieved. That means that the EU Reference assumes higher energy efficiency than possible and too high an effect of current policies. In the Frozen Efficiency scenario, the energy demand reaches 14.2 EJ in 2050 due to the GDP development; 22% higher than 2015. Energy efficiency improvements and increased recycling can decrease industrial energy demand by 23% (11.3 EJ in 2050). In order to further reduce the energy demand, our analyses shows that the wide implementation of innovative in combination with electrification or hydrogen technologies can further decrease the 2050 energy demand to 9.7 EJ or 10.3 EJ, respectively.
Resistance reduction of patterned surface inspired by cuticle structure of Achalinus spinalis
Authors: Zhao Jiahui , Ji Keju , Chen Qin , Khan Muhammad Niaz , Tu Chongwen , Ma Ze , Wu Jianming , Chen Jian , Dai Zhendong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe crawling process of snakes is known to have fascinating tribological phenomena, whereas investigations on their frictional properties depending on patterned cuticles are insufficient. In this study, we have designed and fabricated biomimetic microstructures inspired by the geometric microunits of Achalinus spinalis cuticle using polyurethane acrylate (PUA) material and performed its tribological analysis. The micro-morphology of this Achalinus-inspired textured polymer surface (AITPS) is characterized by the closely and evenly quasi-rectangular microgrooves, periodically arranged along certain orientations. We have compared the frictional performance of our fabricated AITPS with other competitive microstructure, using a smooth steel ball and commercial clay as an interacting surface. After performing massive friction tests with steel ball and clay, AITPS still maintains good resistance reduction performed compared to the patterned surface with straight microgrooves, which is most likely due to the reduction of actual contact areas at the frictional interface.
Respecting living kidney donor autonomy: an argument for liberalising living kidney donor acceptance criteria
Authors: Weightman Alison C. , Coghlan Simon , Clayton Philip A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDoctors routinely refuse donation offers from prospective living kidney donors with certain comorbidities such as diabetes or obesity out of concern for donor wellbeing. This refusal occurs despite the ongoing shortage of kidney transplants and the superior performance of living donor kidney transplants compared to those from deceased donors. In this paper, we argue that this paternalistic refusal by doctors is unjustified and that, within limits, there should be greater acceptance of such donations. We begin by describing possible weak and strong paternalistic justifications of current conservative donor acceptance guidelines and practices. We then justify our position by outlining the frequently under-recognised benefits and the routinely overestimated harms of such donation, before discussing the need to respect the autonomy of willing donors with certain comorbidities. Finally, we respond to a number of possible objections to our proposal for more liberal kidney donor acceptance criteria. We use the situation in Australia as our case study, but our argument is applicable to comparable situations around the world.
Experimental study on machining of AA7075 using Taguchi method
Authors: Sequeiera Anil , Deepak D. , Sachidananda H. K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe machining parameter during milling process plays a very important role in the machining process of various materials. In this study the various parameters such as feed, speed of the spindle, depth of cut has been studied considering AA7075 aluminum material and its effect on surface roughness of the workpiece have been studied. These types of material are commonly used in aerospace, defense, marine and automotive industries due to its high strength to weight ratio. The optimization of these parameters has been done considering Grey-Taguchi method. From this study it can be concluded that good surface finish can be achieved during machining of AA7075 by controlling the various parameters. From the results it can be concluded that the cutting speed, feed is significant as compared to depth of cut.
Zwischen Wundt und Hellpach: Völkerpsychologie in der Zwischenkriegszeit
Authors: Klautke Egbert 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Lage der deutschen Völkerpsychologie in den 1920er-Jahren. Ausgehend vom ungeklärten Status dieser „Disziplin“, werde ich zunächst das Erbe Wilhelm Wundts diskutieren, dann Richard Thurnwalds Vorschläge zur Erneuerung der Völkerpsychologie behandeln, und in einem dritten Abschnitt alternative Ansätze aus dem Bereich der Rassenkunde wie Ludwig Ferdinand Clauß’Rassenseelenkundekurz vorstellen. Ein Ausblick auf Willy Hellpachs Völkerpsychologie und deren Stellung unter dem Nationalsozialismus schließt den Beitrag ab.