bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality in American society: national health and nutrition examination study, 1999–2006
Authors: Chen Weihua , Shi Shanshan , Tu Jiabin , Liao Lihua , Liao Ying , Chen Kaihong , Chen Liling , Huang Rongchong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite many significant advances in treatment and management, cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of the global disease burden. Nutrition-related disease is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. However, few studies have examined the relationship between nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the association of nutrition-related diseases with cardiovascular mortality based on a large nationally representative community population.

Design
We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006 with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2015. Finally, 12,469 participants were analyzed. Each participant was assigned to one of four groups: normal nutrition without sarcopenia, sarcopenia with normal nutrition, malnutrition without sarcopenia, and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome. Survival curves and Cox regressions based on the NHANES recommended weights were used to assess the association between nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality.

Results
Of the 12,469 patients included in the study and divided into four groups, malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome had the highest 5- and 10-year cardiovascular mortality rates. After adjustment for related factors, sarcopenia with normal nutrition (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–2.06; P < 0.001), malnutrition without sarcopenia (HR: 1.28, 95% CI:1.03–1.58; P = 0.024), and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome (HR: 2.66, 95% CI:1.89 − 3.74; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome remained associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.17 − 10.84; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome was highly prevalent among community-dwelling adults in the United States and was a strong prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality in the community setting. Randomized clinical trials are needed to demonstrate whether prevention or treatment of malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome in community populations can reduce global cardiovascular mortality.
The effects of nutritional support team intervention on postoperative immune function, nutritional statuses, inflammatory responses, clinical outcomes of elderly patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Jiansheng , Zou Liling , Sun Wenxing , Zhou Junfeng , He Qingliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
To explore the effects of nutrition support team (NST) intervention on elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Methods
The elderly GC patients (tumor stage I/II/III), admitted to our department from January 2015 to September 2021, were retrospectively analyzed and divided into NST group and traditional nutrition (TN) group according to nutritional management methods. The immune, inflammatory, nutrition-related indices, postoperative recovery and long-term prognosis of two groups were analyzed.

Results
A total of 258 elderly GC patients were included (NST group, n = 125; TN group, n = 133). After propensity score matching (PSM) in ratio of 1:1, 73 pairs of patients were matched. There were statistically significant differences in CD3 and CD4 level postoperative one month and IgG level postoperative one week between NST group and TN group (P < 0.05). There was no significant differences in serum CRP and IL-6 levels preoperative one day, postoperative one week and one month between two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI) between the two groups postoperative one month (P < 0.05). The rate of infectious complications in TN group was significantly higher than that in NST group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant differences in 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) or 3-year overall survival (OS) between NST group and TN group (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Compared with TN management, NST intervention might be benefit to the immune function recovery and nutritional status, but there was no evidence that NST could improve the prognosis of elderly GC patients.
Palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean: comparative analysis using specific indicators
Authors: Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio , Pourghazian Nasim , Garralda Eduardo , van Steijn Danny , Slama Slim , Benítez Edgar , Bouësseau Marie-Charlotte , Centeno Carlos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Monitoring the development of palliative care (PC) illustrates the capacity of health systems to respond to the needs of people experiencing serious health-related suffering.

Aim
To analyse comparatively the situation of PC in the countries of the Easter Mediterranean region using context-specific indicators.

Method
An online questionnaire with 15 context-specific PC indicators investigating service provision, use of medicines, policy, education, and vitality was designed. Authors Institution 1 nominated in-country experts to complete the survey. Data were analysed using a comparative description of indicators per domain and a multivariate analysis.

Results
In-country experts were identified in 17/22 countries. 12/17 contributed to the survey. In total, 117 specialized PC services were identified. Specialized services per population ranges from 0.09 per 100,000 inhabitants in Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Kuwait; to zero services in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. On average, opioid consumption was 2.40 mg/capita/year. National PC strategies were reported in nine countries. In six countries, PC is officially accredited either as a specialty or sub-specialty, and PC mandatory courses are implemented in 36% of medical schools and 46% of nursing schools. National PC associations were documented in six countries. A higher pattern of development was identified in Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Lebanon, Qatar.

Conclusions
Despite a higher development in the Arabian Peninsula, the region is characterised by a very low provision of specialized PC services and opioid consumption. Policy improvements represent an opportunity to improve access to PC.
A phase Ib study of camrelizumab in combination with apatinib and fuzuloparib in patients with recurrent or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Qingyuan , Shao Bin , Tong Zhongsheng , Ouyang Quchang , Wang Yuting , Xu Guoying , Li Shaorong , Li Huiping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Strategies to improve activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are needed. Preclinical studies showed that antiangiogenic agents and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors might sensitize tumors to immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the tolerability, safety, and preliminary antitumor activity of camrelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, in combination with apatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor, and fuzuloparib, a PARP inhibitor, in patients with recurrent or metastatic TNBC.

Methods
This phase Ib study included a dose-finding part and a dose-expansion part. In the dose-finding part, a 3 + 3 dose escalation scheme was introduced. Patients were given camrelizumab (200 mg every 2 weeks) plus apatinib (375 mg or 500 mg once daily) and fuzuloparib (starting dose 100 mg twice daily) every 28-day cycle. After evaluation of the tolerability and safety of the dosing regimens, a clinical recommended dose was determined for the dose-expansion part. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity (DLT).

Results
A total of 32 patients were enrolled. Three patients received camrelizumab 200 mg + apatinib 375 mg + fuzuloparib 100 mg, and 29 received camrelizumab 200 mg + apatinib 500 mg + fuzuloparib 100 mg (clinical recommended dose). No DLTs were observed in either group. The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were decreased white blood cell count (20.7%), hypertension (13.8%), decreased neutrophil count (10.3%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (10.3%). Two patients discontinued study treatment due to immune-mediated hepatitis (n = 1) and anemia, decreased platelet count, decreased white blood cell count, increased alanine aminotransferase, increased aspartate aminotransferase, and increased γ-glutamyltransferase (n = 1). One patient died of unknown cause. Two (6.9% [95% CI, 0.9–22.8]) of 29 patients with camrelizumab 200 mg + apatinib 500 mg + fuzuloparib 100 mg had objective response. The disease control rate was 62.1% (95% CI, 42.3–79.3). The median progression-free survival was 5.2 months (95% CI, 3.6–7.3), and the 12-month overall survival rate was 64.2% (95% CI, 19.0–88.8).

Conclusions
Combination of camrelizumab plus apatinib and fuzuloparib showed manageable safety profile and preliminary antitumor activity in patients with recurrent or metastatic TNBC.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03945604 (May 10, 2019).
Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the incidence and risk-stratification of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alvandi Ehsan , Wong Wilson K. M. , Joglekar Mugdha V. , Spring Kevin J. , Hardikar Anandwardhan A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The beneficial role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is well recognized, although the available literature around their role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has been inconsistent.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the associations of fecal SCFA concentrations to the incidence and risk of CRC. Data extraction through Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was carried out from database conception to June 29, 2022. Predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria led to the selection of 17 case-control and six cross-sectional studies for quality assessment and analyses. Studies were categorized for CRC risk or incidence, and RevMan 5.4 was used to perform the meta-analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Studies lacking quantitation were included in qualitative analyses.

Results
Combined analysis of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid revealed significantly lower concentrations of these SCFAs in individuals with a high-risk of CRC (SMD = 2.02, 95% CI 0.31 to 3.74, P = 0.02). Additionally, CRC incidence was higher in individuals with lower levels of SCFAs (SMD = 0.45, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.72, P = 0.0009), compared to healthy individuals. Qualitative analyses identified 70.4% of studies reporting significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic, propionic, butyric acid, or total SCFAs in those at higher risk of CRC, while 66.7% reported significantly lower concentrations of fecal acetic and butyric acid in CRC patients compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions
Overall, lower fecal concentrations of the three major SCFAs are associated with higher risk of CRC and incidence of CRC.
Probing SARS-CoV-2-positive plasma to identify potential factors correlating with mild COVID-19 in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Tapela Kesego , Oyawoye Fatima O. , Olwal Charles Ochieng’ , Opurum Precious C. , Amponsah Jones Amo , Segbedzi Kekeli Aku Lumor , Tetteh Becky , Kumi-Ansah Frederick , Mutungi Joe K. , Obodai Evangeline , Amoako Emmanuella , Agyemang Seth , Ndam Nicaise Tuikue , Ampofo William Kwabena , Rayner Julian C. , Awandare Gordon A. , Paemka Lily , Bediako Yaw , Quashie Peter Kojo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
West Africa has recorded a relatively higher proportion of asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases than the rest of the world, and West Africa-specific host factors could play a role in this discrepancy. Here, we assessed the association between COVID-19 severity among Ghanaians with their immune profiles and ABO blood groups.

Methods
Plasma samples were obtained from Ghanaians PCR-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive individuals. The participants were categorized into symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Cytokine profiling and antibody quantification were performed using Luminex™ multiplex assay whereas antigen-driven agglutination assay was used to assess the ABO blood groups. Immune profile levels between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were compared using the two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test. Multiple comparisons of cytokine levels among and between days were tested using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post hoc test. Correlations within ABO blood grouping (O’s and non-O’s) and between cytokines were determined using Spearman correlations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of various cytokines with asymptomatic phenotype.

Results
There was a trend linking blood group O to reduced disease severity, but this association was not statistically significant. Generally, symptomatic patients displayed significantly (p < 0.05) higher cytokine levels compared to asymptomatic cases with exception of Eotaxin, which was positively associated with asymptomatic cases. There were also significant (p < 0.05) associations between other immune markers (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1Ra) and disease severity. Cytokines’ clustering patterns differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. We observed a steady decrease in the concentration of most cytokines over time, while anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were stable for at least a month, regardless of the COVID-19 status.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that genetic background and pre-existing immune response patterns may in part shape the nature of the symptomatic response against COVID-19 in a West African population. This study offers clear directions to be explored further in larger studies.
‘It’s the same thing as giving them CPR training’: rural first responders’ perspectives on naloxone
Authors: Filteau Matthew R. , Green Brandn , Kim Frances , McBride Ki-Ai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Harm Reduction grant program expanded access to several harm reduction strategies to mitigate opioid overdose fatalities, including expanding access to naloxone. Interviews with first responders in a frontier and remote (FAR) state were conducted to understand their job responsibilities in relation to overdose response and prevention and their perceptions of training laypersons to administer naloxone. This study includes 22 interviews with law enforcement, EMS and/or fire personnel, and members of harm reduction-focused community organizations. The study finds widespread support for increasing access to naloxone and training laypersons in naloxone administration throughout Montana, due to rural first responders’ inability to meet the needs of residents and an overall lack of resources to address addiction and the effects of fentanyl. Participants from harm reduction-focused community organizations convey support for training lay persons, but also illuminate that real and perceived cultural opposition to harm reduction strategies could reduce the likelihood that laypeople enroll in naloxone training. This study adds to the literature because it focuses on first responders in a FAR area that would benefit from layperson naloxone education and administration training due to its geographic expansiveness and the area’s overall lack of access to medications for opioid use disorder or other treatment services. Expanding harm reduction approaches, like increasing access and training laypersons to administer naloxone, might be FAR residents’ best chance for surviving an opioid overdose.
Incomplete penetrance of NOD2 C483W mutation underlining Blau syndrome
Authors: Chang Shao-Yu , Kambe Naotomo , Fan Wen-Lang , Huang Jing-Long , Lee Wen-I , Wu Chao-Yi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare autoinflammatory disorder with NOD2 gain-of-function mutation and characterized by autoactivation of the NFκB pathway. Classically considered a disease of high penetrance, reports on NOD2 mutations underlining BS with incomplete penetrance is limited.

Case presentation
The proband is a 9-year-old girl presented with brownish annular infiltrative plaques and symmetric boggy polyarthritis over bilateral wrists and ankles. Her skin biopsy revealed noncaseating granulomas inflammation with multinucleated giant cells. A novel C483W NOD2 mutation was identify in the proband and her asymptomatic father. Functional examinations including autoactivation of the NFκB pathway demonstrated by in vitro HEK293T NOD2 overexpression test as well as intracellular staining of phosphorylated-NFκB in patient’s CD11b+ cells were consistent with BS.

Conclusions
We reported a novel C483W NOD2 mutation underlining BS with incomplete penetrance. Moreover, a phosphorylated-NFκB intracellular staining assay of CD11b+ was proposed to assist functional evaluation of NFκB autoactivation in patient with BS.
An interactive mobile application versus an educational booklet to promote job retention in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Blinder Victoria S. , Patil Sujata , Finik Jackie , Makower Della , Muppidi Monica , Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Parker Patricia A. , Claros Maria , Suarez Jennifer , Narang Bharat , Gany Francesca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundJob loss after a cancer diagnosis can lead to long-term financial toxicity and its attendant adverse clinical consequences, including decreased treatment adherence. Among women undergoing (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, access to work accommodations (e.g., sick leave) is associated with higher job retention after treatment completion. However, low-income and/or minority women are less likely to have access to work accommodations and, therefore, are at higher risk of job loss. Given the time and transportation barriers that low-income working patients commonly face, it is crucial to develop an intervention that is convenient and easy to use.MethodsWe designed an intervention to promote job retention during and after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer by improving access to relevant accommodations. Talking to Employers And Medical staff about Work (TEAMWork) is an English/Spanish mobile application (app) that provides (1) suggestions for work accommodations tailored to specific job demands, (2) coaching/strategies for negotiating with an employer, (3) advice for symptom self-management, and (4) tools to improve communication with the medical oncology team. This study is a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the app as a job-retention tool compared to a control condition that provides the app content in an informational paper booklet. The primary outcome of the study is work status after treatment completion. Secondary outcomes include work status 1 and 2 years later, participant self-efficacy to ask an employer for accommodations, receipt of workplace accommodations during and following adjuvant therapy, patient self-efficacy to communicate with the oncology provider, self-reported symptom burden during and following adjuvant therapy, and cancer treatment adherence.DiscussionThis study will assess the use of mobile technology to improve vulnerable breast cancer patients’ ability to communicate with their employers and oncology providers, work during treatment and retain their jobs in the long term, thereby diminishing the potential consequences of job loss, including decreased treatment adherence, debt, and bankruptcy.Trial registrationClincalTrials.govNCT03572374. Registered on 08 June 2018.
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy in a Pakistani female: a case report
Authors: Khan Zaraq Rashid , Karam Alvina , ul Haq Mian Ayaz , Aman Aleena , Karam Ahmad Sharjeel 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy is a rare multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the TYMP gene, that encodes for thymidine phosphorylase. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy is a progressive degenerative disease characterized by a distinctive tetrad of gastrointestinal dysmotility, peripheral neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia with ptosis, and asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy. It provides a diagnostic dilemma to physicians in regions like Pakistan because of a lack of genetic study availability and associated financial constraints of the population. However, with careful examination and a few basic investigations, mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy can be diagnosed by ruling out most of the close differentials.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 23-year-old Asian female whose chief complaints were epigastric pain, bilious emesis, weight loss for 3 months, and bilateral lower limb weakness for 20 days. All clinical signs and symptoms along with relevant investigations including nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were highly suggestive of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome. Because of financial constraints, genetic studies could not be performed. The patient was managed with a multidisciplinary approach involving gastroenterology, physiotherapy, and nutrition departments. Currently, therapeutic options for the disease include allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and carrier erythrocyte entrapped thymidine phosphorylase; however, these could not be provided to the patient owing to certain limitations.

Conclusions
As misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are quite common in this disease, the prime objective of this case report is to increase the basic understanding of this disease, especially its signs and symptoms, and address the limitations regarding the diagnostic investigations and management of patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in gut microbiota: in vitro antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Hindieh Pamela , Yaghi Joseph , Khoury André El , Chokr Ali , Atoui Ali , Louka Nicolas , Assaf Jean Claude 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract is one of the most complex microbiological niches containing beneficial and non-pathogenic bacterial strains of which some may evolve into virulent under specific conditions. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is of the most known beneficial species with an ability to protect the intestine as opposed to Staphylococcus epidermidis 444 which causes serious health risks due to its high antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates first the survival and coexistence ability of L. rhamnosus GG, and S. epidermidis 444 at different pH levels. Subsequently, lysozyme's antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect on these two strains was elucidated before adding different concentrations of oxytetracycline hydrochloride antibiotic. Results showed that 50% inhibition of L. rhamnosus GG, S. epidermidis 444, and a co-culture of these planktonic strains were obtained respectively at a lysozyme concentration of 30, 18, and 26 mg/mL after the addition of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). At a pH of 7.5, mixing lysozyme (at IC50) and EDTA with oxytetracycline hydrochloride (700 μg/mL) showed an additional bactericidal effect as compared to its known bacteriostatic effect. Similarly, the addition of lysozyme to the antibiotic further increased the biofilm eradication of S. epidermidis 444 and L. rhamnosus GG where a maximal eradication of 70% was reached. Therefore, the potential development of new drugs based on adding a lysozyme-EDTA mixture to different types of antibiotics may be highly promising.