bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise of Islamic Society: Social Change, State Power, and Historical Imagination
Authors: Rock-Singer Aaron 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article explores the history of “Islamic Society” (al-Mujtamaʿ al-Islāmī), a concept whose widespread usage is paralleled by shallow understandings of its origins. Scholars of premodern Islamic history often use this term to describe the ideas and practices of Muslim communities under Islamic political rule, while historians of the Muslim Brotherhood highlight this leading Islamist movement’s commitment to forming such a collective yet treat the concept assui generis. This article, in turn, draws on a wide array of Islamic print media published by leading Islamic movements and state institutions in Egypt between 1898 and 1981 to tell a story of how this concept became intellectually viable and politically meaningful in the context of transition from colonial to postcolonial rule in the mid-twentieth century. Building on histories of religious nationalism which trace how religious nationalist visions produce novel understandings of religious identity rather than replicating prior models, the article explores the ways in which identity is linked to particular projects of religious practice. In doing so, it casts light on how religious nationalist projects seek to structure social life through calls to continuity with the past even as they adopt the core assumptions of the nation-state project. Specifically, it argues that, as Muslim thinkers, activists, and scholars navigated the transition from colonial to postcolonial rule, they turned to this concept to articulate dueling conceptions of religious change through state power and social mobilization alike.
Kant's Radicalization of Cartesian Foundationalism: Thought Experiments, Transcendental Arguments, and Level Circularity in the Paralogisms
Authors: Miles Murray 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKant's critique of rational psychology is a thought experiment that targets no individual or school, but rather the natural tendency of human reason to “hypostatize” the highest intellectual condition of all cognition (the pure ‘I think’) as though it were itself a cognition of the ‘I.’ To do so is to violate the very anti-circularity stricture also at work in Kant's better-known transcendental critiques of Locke and Hume. Along with a new type of circularity (level circularity), this article proposes a conception of transcendental arguments different from that of most contemporary debates regarding empiricism, naturalism, and Cartesian foundationalism.
Desmoid tumour of the external ear and mastoid following middle-ear surgery
Authors: Brimioulle M , Bates J E H M , Lamyman A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDesmoid tumours (aggressive fibromatosis) are rare, locally invasive, benign tumours. The following case represented a diagnostic challenge, because of the uncommon nature of the lesion.Case reportA 26-year-old woman, who had previously undergone middle-ear surgery for cholesteatoma, presented with a painful swelling involving the post-auricular area and the conchal bowl. Initially, it was believed to be an infective process related to the surgery or an unusual cholesteatoma recurrence. Following investigations, which involved imaging and histology, the swelling was diagnosed as a desmoid tumour, and the patient received chemotherapy.ConclusionTwo incidences of paediatric desmoid tumours affecting the ear have been described in the literature, but there is no previous report of a desmoid tumour related to ear surgery. Desmoid tumours have, however, been reported following trauma, including surgery.
Déterminants du succès d’une démarche provinciale d’usage optimal des antipsychotiques chez les résidents en soins de longue durée selon les acteurs clés impliqués dans l’implantation
Authors: Lane Julie , Manceau Luiza Maria , Massuard Marie , Couturier Yves , Cossette Benoit , Ricard Jacques , Viscogliosi Chantal , Déry Véronique , Gauthier Patricia 
Published: August 2022

RésuméLe Québec présente le taux de prescriptions d’antipsychotiques le plus élevé chez les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus au Canada. La démarche « Optimiser les pratiques, les usages, les soins et les services – antipsychotiques » (OPUS-AP) vise à pallier cet enjeu. Étant donné ses premiers résultats prometteurs, notre étude visait à identifier les déterminants de son succès. Elle repose sur un devis d’étude de cas regroupant une analyse documentaire et 21 entrevues auprès d’acteurs clés impliqués dans l’implantation. Les résultats mettent en lumière cinq déterminants centraux : 1) une démarche intégrée, collaborative et probante; 2) des communications et des réseaux au service de la démarche; 3) un climat d’implantation favorable aux changements; 4) un engagement et une implication des parties prenantes; et 5) une stratégie d’application des connaissances intégrée et appuyée. Des défis et recommandations pour assurer la pérennisation et la mise à l’échelle d’OPUS-AP et inspirer des démarches similaires sont identifiés.
Management of prenatally detected vascular rings: a United Kingdom national survey
Authors: Vigneswaran Trisha V. , Hunter Lindsey E. , Carvalho Julene S. , Seale Anna N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:To investigate UK variability in prenatal and postnatal management strategy of right aortic arch and double aortic arch (RAA/DAA).Methods:Online surveys were sent to senior physicians (consultants) of the National Fetal Cardiology Working Group regarding prenatal diagnosis, counselling, and perinatal management of antenatally diagnosed RAA/DAA and to the British Congenital Cardiovascular Association regarding postnatal management strategies.Results:There were 28 prenatal and 90 postnatal surveys completed. Prenatally, there was consensus for potential associated chromosomal/genetic anomalies, but there was variation in the risk quoted. Confidence in defining aortic arch morphology was reported by 43% (12/28) of fetal cardiologists. There was variation in what was felt to be possible symptoms/signs of a compressive vascular ring, postnatal investigation, postnatal management, follow-up duration of asymptomatic patients, and indications for surgical intervention.Conclusion:This study has highlighted important areas for future research: improving accuracy of prenatal diagnosis, clarification of potential symptoms, optimal investigation strategies, and indications for surgery.
Genome-wide analysis of sulfur-encoding biosynthetic genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) with Arabidopsis as the sulfur-dependent model plant
Authors: Abdullah-Zawawi Muhammad-Redha , Govender Nisha , Muhammad Nor Azlan Nor , Mohd-Assaad Norfarhan , Zainal Zamri , Mohamed-Hussein Zeti-Azura 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSulfur is an essential element required for plant growth and development, physiological processes and stress responses. Sulfur-encoding biosynthetic genes are involved in the primary sulfur assimilation pathway, regulating various mechanisms at the gene, cellular and system levels, and in the biosynthesis of sulfur-containing compounds (SCCs). In this study, the SCC-encoding biosynthetic genes in rice were identified using a sulfur-dependent model plant, the Arabidopsis. A total of 139 AtSCC from Arabidopsis were used as reference sequences in search of putative rice SCCs. At similarity index > 30%, the similarity search against Arabidopsis SCC query sequences identified 665 putative OsSCC genes in rice. The gene synteny analysis showed a total of 477 syntenic gene pairs comprised of 89 AtSCC and 265 OsSCC biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. Phylogenetic tree of the collated (AtSCCs and OsSCCs) SCC-encoding biosynthetic genes were divided into 11 different clades of various sizes comprised of branches of subclades. In clade 1, nearing equal representation of OsSCC and AtSCC biosynthetic genes imply the most ancestral lineage. A total of 25 candidate Arabidopsis SCC homologs were identified in rice. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the rice-Arabidopsis SCC homologs were significantly enriched in the following terms at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05: (i) biological process; sulfur compound metabolic process and organic acid metabolic processes, (ii) molecular function; oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen and (iii) KEGG pathway; metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. At less than five duplicated blocks of separation, no tandem duplications were observed among the SCC biosynthetic genes distributed in rice chromosomes. The comprehensive rice SCC gene description entailing syntenic events with Arabidopsis, motif distribution and chromosomal mapping of the present findings offer a foundation for rice SCC gene functional studies and advanced strategic rice breeding.
Reimagining Assessment of Literacy Skills for Adolescents With Intellectual Disabilities: A Tutorial for an Individualized Approach
Authors: McIntyre Nancy S. , Loughran Carrie , Towson Jacqueline 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:Reading and writing are foundational skills that provide access to educational, vocational, and social experiences. However, while the gap widens between the literacy skills of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and those with typical development as they grow into adolescence, little is known about meeting the comprehensive literacy needs of adolescents with ID. This tutorial reimagines the assessment of literacy-specific skills for adolescents with ID as an individualized approach that will reveal a profile of strengths and challenges so they can receive targeted intervention.Method:Extant research investigating literacy achievement for individuals with ID is reviewed, followed by a discussion of emergent to conventional literacy skills and a conceptual framework within which to organize the skills. Then, an individualized assessment approach is presented that addresses considerations for the selection of complementary formal and informal measures and strategic analysis of the results.Results:A clinical case study depicting a literacy assessment of an adolescent diagnosed with ID is utilized to demonstrate the process for determining individual strengths and challenges in emergent and conventional literacy skills. Detailed discussion of assessment results and error analysis provide insight into her level of emergent and conventional reading and writing skills, which is then linked to intervention goal suggestions.Conclusion:Comprehensive individualized assessment batteries enable practitioners to align literacy interventions with each adolescent's needs in order to promote conventional reading and writing development.
Natural and Synthetic 6-Aryl Pyrones. An Unexpected Reaction of Dihydropyrones with NBS Leads to the First Synthesis of Allantopyrone C
Authors: Kraus George A. , Podolak Kyle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNigerapyrone A, aloenin aglycone, 4′-methyl klavuzon, and allantopyrone C were synthesized from commercially available aldehydes.
Generic naked singularities in Vaidya spacetimes
Authors: Wheeler James 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigate the occurrence of naked singularities, local and global, in the incoming Vaidya spacetimes with zero initial mass. While it is well-known that these spacetimes admit locally and globally naked singularities, we demonstrate that globally naked singularities are significantly more common than is stressed in the literature, being generic in a natural topology on this collection of spacetimes. A heuristic consequence of the results is that the slow accumulation of mass is both necessary and sufficient for both types of naked singularity in these spacetimes. We demonstrate that the naked singularity, as long as it exists, always has divergent curvature (Kretschmann scalar) associated to it along emerging null curves, regardless of the form of the mass function. In particular, a consequence is that the curvature strength of the singularity cannot be smoothed away.
Noise-tolerant object detection and ranging using quantum correlations
Authors: Kuniyil Hashir , Ozel Helin , Yilmaz Hasan , Durak Kadir 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Imaging, detection and ranging of objects in the presence of significant background noise is a fundamental challenge in optical sensing. Overcoming the limitations imposed in conventional methods, quantum light sources show higher resistance against noise in a time-correlation-based quantum illumination. Here, we introduce the advantage of using not only time correlations but also polarization correlations in photon pairs in the detection of an object that is embedded in a noisy background. In this direction, a time- and polarization-correlated photon pair source using the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process is exploited. We found that the joint measurement of correlated pairs allows distinguishing the signal from the noise photons and that leads to an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Our comparative study revealed that using polarization correlations in addition to time correlations provides improved noise rejection. Furthermore, we show that polarization correlation allows undoing the detector limitation where high background often leads to detector saturation.
Systematic Literature Review of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Laboratory Testing Practices and Incidence in United States Infants and Children &lt;5 Years of Age
Authors: Movva Naimisha , Suh Mina , Bylsma Lauren C , Fryzek Jon P , Nelson Christopher B 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause serious illness in those aged &lt;5 years in the United States, but uncertainty remains around which populations receive RSV testing. We conducted a systematic literature review of RSV testing patterns in studies published from 2000 to 2021.MethodsStudies of RSV, medically attended RSV lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), and bronchiolitis were identified using standard methodology. Outcomes were clinical decisions to test for RSV, testing frequency, and testing incidence proportions in inpatient (IP), emergency department (ED), outpatient (OP), and urgent care settings.ResultsEighty good-/fair-quality studies, which reported data from the period 1988–2020, were identified. Twenty-seven described the clinical decision to test, which varied across and within settings. Two studies reported RSV testing frequency for multiple settings, with higher testing proportions in IP (n = 2, range: 83%–85%, 1996–2009) compared with ED (n = 1, 25%, 2006–2009) and OP (n = 2, 15%–25%, 1996–2009). Higher RSV testing incidence proportions were observed among LRTI infant populations in the ED (n = 1, 74%, 2007–2008) and OP (n = 2, 54%–69%, 1995–2008). Incidence proportions in LRTI populations were not consistently higher in the IP setting (n = 13). Across studies and time, there was heterogeneity in RSV testing patterns, which may reflect varying detection methods, populations, locations, time periods, and healthcare settings.ConclusionsNot all infants and children with LRTI are tested for RSV, highlighting underestimation of RSV burden across all settings.
Assisted Partner Services for People Who Inject Drugs: Index Characteristics Associated With Untreated HIV in Partners
Authors: Tseng Ashley S. , Sambai Betsy , Monroe-Wise Aliza , Mbogo Loice W. , Ludwig-Barron Natasha T. , Masyuko Sarah J. , Chohan Bhavna H. , Scott John D. , Sinkele William , Herbeck Joshua T. , Farquhar Carey , Guthrie Brandon L. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Assisted partner services (APSs) is a feasible, acceptable, and effective strategy that increases uptake of HIV testing; however, it has not been used widely among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Africa to notify sexual and injecting partners of potential exposures to HIV and provide testing services.

Setting:
Nairobi, Kilifi, and Mombasa counties in Kenya.

Methods:
PWID living with HIV (indexes) were enrolled and asked to provide contact information for sexual and injecting partners who were traced and offered HIV testing. APS efficiency was assessed by the number of indexes needed to interview (NNTI) to find 1 additional partner who was unaware of their HIV status or not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We defined index participant characteristics associated with greater efficiency, defined as lower NNTIs.

Results:
Among 783 indexes, the NNTI to identify one partner unaware of their HIV status was 7.1 and to identify one HIV-positive partner not on ART (regardless of status awareness) was 4.1. APS was provided to 977 partners and was more efficient in identifying partners who were not on ART (n = 201) among indexes who were female (NNTI = 2.9 vs. 5.7, P < 0.001), unaware of their HIV status (NNTI = 2.2 vs. 4.2, P = 0.009), not on ART (NNTI = 2.1 vs. 4.9; P < 0.001), not enrolled in a methadone program (NNTI = 3.3 vs. 10.4, P < 0.001), reported injecting <5 years (NNTI = 3.3 vs. 5.0; P = 0.005), or from Nairobi (NNTI = 3.2 vs. 5.6, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Scaling up APS among PWID living with HIV with certain characteristics could result in more efficient APS and greater partner engagement in HIV care.
Prevalence and Association of Basal Ganglia Calcifications and Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia
Authors: Golüke Nienke M.S. , Koek Huiberdina L. , Houter Elles M. , de Brouwer Esther J.M. , Claus Jules J. , Staekenborg Salka S. , Emmelot-Vonk Mariëlle H. , de Jong Pim A. , de Jonghe Annemarieke 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between basal ganglia calcification (BGC) and depressive symptoms within older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Methods:
For this cross-sectional study, we included patients with MCI or dementia who visited the memory clinic between April 2009 and April 2015. All patients underwent a standard diagnostic workup, including assessment of depressive symptoms with the Geriatric Depression Scale and computed tomography imaging of the brain. Computed tomography scans were assessed for presence and severity of BGC. To analyse the association between BGC and depressive symptoms, binary logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular diseases.

Results:
In total, 1054 patients were included (median age: 81.0 y; 39% male). BGC was present in 44% of the patients, of which 20% was classified as mild, 20% as moderate, and 4% as severe. There were 223 patients (21%) who had a Geriatric Depression Scale score indicative of depressive symptoms. No association was found between the presence or severity of BGC and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:
Although both BGC and depressive symptoms were common in patients with MCI or dementia, no association was demonstrated between the presence or severity of BGC and depressive symptoms.
Life beyond alpha‐thalassaemia: We are moving forward
Authors: Torti Lorenza 
Published: August 2022

In the not so distant past, pregnancy in thalassaemia patients was considered a very high risk and often not recommended. The results regarding alpha‐thalassaemia and in particular haemoglobin H disease by Srimeuniwai and colleagues are very encouraging. Nowadays thalassaemic women not only become pregnant, but maternal outcome is not decreased compared to controls.Commentary on: Ake‐sittipaisarn, et al. Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by haemoglobin H‐Constant Spring and deletional haemoglobin H disease: A retrospective cohort study. Br J Haematol 2022;199:122–129.
Complexity analysis of head movements in autistic toddlers
Authors: Krishnappa Babu Pradeep Raj , Di Martino J. Matias , Chang Zhuoqing , Perochon Sam , Aiello Rachel , Carpenter Kimberly L.H. , Compton Scott , Davis Naomi , Franz Lauren , Espinosa Steven , Flowers Jacqueline , Dawson Geraldine , Sapiro Guillermo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundEarly differences in sensorimotor functioning have been documented in young autistic children and infants who are later diagnosed with autism. Previous research has demonstrated that autistic toddlers exhibit more frequent head movement when viewing dynamic audiovisual stimuli, compared to neurotypical toddlers. To further explore this behavioral characteristic, in this study, computer vision (CV) analysis was used to measure several aspects of head movement dynamics of autistic and neurotypical toddlers while they watched a set of brief movies with social and nonsocial content presented on a tablet.MethodsData were collected from 457 toddlers, 17–36 months old, during their well‐child visit to four pediatric primary care clinics. Forty‐one toddlers were subsequently diagnosed with autism. An application (app) displayed several brief movies on a tablet, and the toddlers watched these movies while sitting on their caregiver's lap. The front‐facing camera in the tablet recorded the toddlers' behavioral responses. CV was used to measure the participants' head movement rate, movement acceleration, and complexity using multiscale entropy.ResultsAutistic toddlers exhibited significantly higher rate, acceleration, and complexity in their head movements while watching the movies compared to neurotypical toddlers, regardless of the type of movie content (social vs. nonsocial). The combined features of head movement acceleration and complexity reliably distinguished the autistic and neurotypical toddlers.ConclusionsAutistic toddlers exhibit differences in their head movement dynamics when viewing audiovisual stimuli. Higher complexity of their head movements suggests that their movements were less predictable and less stable compared to neurotypical toddlers. CV offers a scalable means of detecting subtle differences in head movement dynamics, which may be helpful in identifying early behaviors associated with autism and providing insight into the nature of sensorimotor differences associated with autism.
Characterization of the nutlet morpho-anatomical features of 12 Stachys taxa (Lamiaceae) from Turkey and its systematic practice
Authors: KARAİSMAİLOĞLU MEHMET CENGİZ , GÜNER ÖZAL , AKÇİÇEK EKREM 
Published: August 2022

This study contains the nutlet morpho-anatomical characters of 12 taxa, 9 of which are endemic, belonging to subsection Multibracteolatae of section Fragilicaulis of the genus Stachys from Turkey in a systematical context with utilizing cluster and principal component analyses. Morphological characteristics such as the shape, color, size, surfaces and microstructures of the nutlets have been examined with using light and scanning electron microscopes. Anatomically, the structures and thicknesses of the pericarp have been investigated. The consequences have disclosed that the taxa are macro-morphologically different from each other in terms of shape, color, size, presence of wings and trichomes of nutlets. Nutlet sizes range from 2.23 mm to 3.43 mm in length, and from 1.25 mm to 2.22 mm in width. As, S. laetivirens and S. megalodonta subsp. megalodonta are of the largest nutlets, S. megalodonta subsp. mardinensis and S. mardinensis have the smallest nutlets. Unlike the other taxa examined, S. megalodonta subsp. mardinensis and S. baytopiorum bear wing on the nutlet. Also, S. megalodonta subsp. megalodonta is unique with non-glandular trichomes on nutlet among the examined taxa. Nutlet surface ornamentation is clustered into 6 types: reticulate, reticulate-areolate, scalariform, verrucate, alveolate and reticulate-foveate. The most common type is reticulate, while scalariform, alveolate and reticulate-foveate ornamentation types are noticed as taxon-specific. Anatomically, the structure and thickness of the pericarp and its parts are the significant characters that reveal inter-specific correlations among the examined taxa. A diagnostic key is offered for the recognition of the studied taxa based on the nutlet characters.