bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Analgesic Effect And Functional Improvement Produced by Radio-Frequency Ablation of Genicular Nerves in Patients with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Akhlaque Uzma , Ayaz Saeed Bin , Ahmad Khalil , Shoaib Muhammad , Younas Umer , Tassadaq Naureen 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To study the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for treating pain in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pain Clinic of Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Rawalpindi, from Sep 2019 to Feb 2020.
Methodology: Patients of more than 50 years of age, with grade III and IV Kellgren-Lawrence grades of knee osteoarthritis and at least a score of 4 for three months on the numerical rating scale were included in the study. Measurements were taken on the numerical rating scale and Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index before and four weeks after fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation of three genicular nerves around the knee joint. .
Results: Fifty patients (mean age: 62 ± 6.5 years) were included in the study. The median numerical rating scale scores before and after intervention were 9 (Interquartile range: 7-10) and 5 (Interquartile range: 2-8), respectively (p<0.001). The mean Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index scores before and after intervention were 76.7 ± 13.4 and 50.3 ± 18, respectively (p<0.001). No complications were reported. The reduction in numerical rating scale, Western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index scores after the intervention were significantly better in females than in males (p=0.023 and p=0.012 respectively); however, no significant change was observed for the right and left knee or grades of knee osteoarthritis (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves around the knee joint significantly improves pain, stiffness and body function in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis .........................
Clinicohematological Parameters and Assessment of Post Induction Status in Acute Myeloid Leukemia–Experience at A Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Zaidi Sara Ali , Mahmood Asad , Mahmood Rafia , Khurshid Ayesha , Ali Sadia , Latif Aamna 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the role of clinical, hematological and genetic parameters in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as the predictors of response to induction chemotherapy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, from Jun to Jun 2019.
Methodology: All the newly diagnosed cases of de-novo AML were included in the study. Clinical, haematological and immunophenotypic parameters were noted. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses were performed. Response to first course of standard induction chemotherapy was assessed.
Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. The median age was 19 years. Thirty-one (53.4%) were adults while 27 (46.6%) were in the pediatric age group. Thirty-six (62.1%) were males while 22 (37.9%) were females. The most common clinical presentation was fever. The most common French-American-British classification (FAB) subtype was AML-M2. The blast percentage was 78%. Forty-six (79.3%) patients had a normal karyotype. Of the 58 patients, 38 (65.5%) achieved complete remission while 20 (34.5%) did not achieve complete remission after induction chemotherapy.
Conclusion: AML was seen in a younger age group in our population. There was statistically significant association of high white blood cell (WBC) count with remission status. Increasing age was associated with a poor response to induction chemotherapy, while translocation t(8;21) was associated with a good response. Assessment of prognostic parameters is vital in the initial diagnostic workup of AML patients to predict response to induction chemotherapy.
Impact of Enhanced Lipid Peroxidation on Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness Ratio in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Rehman Sadia , Mahboob Tabassum , Kumar Santosh , Ali Syed Hidayat , Khan Muhammad Tassaduq , Rehman Suniya 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the impact of increased lipid peroxidation on carotid intima media thickness ratio in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center Karachi in collaboration with University of Karachi, Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2018.
Methodology: The hemodialysis patients were selected from the dialysis center where as the controls were recruited from normal healthy population. The cases taken were receiving maintenance hemodialysis thrice a week. Doppler ultrasonography technique was employed to detect the intima media thickness (IMT) ratio of common carotid artery of study subjects as well as controls. Lipid peroxidation was detected by serum oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) levels.
Results: The mean of right common carotid artery of group A samples was 0.45 ± 0.04 mm, left common carotid artery was 0.42 ± 0.01mm, and mean intima thickness was 0.43 ± 0.02 mm, the mean of right common carotid artery in group B was 0.93 ± 0.09 mm and mean of left common carotid in group B was 1.07 ± 0.14 mm and mean intima thickness of group B samples was 1.0 ± 0.09 mm. In group A mean Ox-LDL was 24.87 ± 5.23 U/ml while in group C samples mean Ox-LDL was 73.77 ± 6.77 U/ml.
Conclusion: Lipid peroxidation is much enhanced in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and leads to an increased carotid artery intima media thickness ratio which is a sign of development of atherosclerosis. This study will help the nephrologists in determining the causes..................
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Between 34 Weeks And 40 WeeksWhen To Intervene
Authors: Yazdani Tehreem , Imran Ayesha , Amin Nabila , Zaheer Fareeha , Mukhtar Saad , Yaqub Umairah 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To find the appropriate timings for intervention in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department Combined Military Hospital Okara, from Oct 2019 to Nov 2020.
Methodology: Patients between 34-40 weeks of gestation with intrahepatic cholestasis were included in the study. With clinical and biochemical findings patients were monitored and conventional treatment was given. Intervention by delivery was done when required. Maternal and fetal outcome were followed.
Results: Out of 380 patients with pruritus between 34-40 weeks of gestation, intrahepatic cholestasis was found in 53 patients. Most of the patients 27 (51%) were delivered at 37-completed weeks. At 35-weeks of gestation 6 (11%) patients were delivered, at 36-weeks 8 (15%) patients were delivered, while 2% patients delivered at 39 and 40 weeks of gestation. The number of intrauterine deaths was 1 at 34 weeks of gestation and 2 at 35 weeks of gestation. Transient tachypnea of newborn was observed in 23% neonates. Respiratory Distress Syndrome was observed in 6 (12%) newborns. Neonatal sepsis was observed in 5 and hyperbilirubinaemia was observed in 4 (8%) neonates.
Conclusion: Patients with intrahepatic cholestasis should be preferably delivered between 37 to 38 weeks for a better foetal outcome.
Association of Fok 1 (Rs10735810) Gene Polymorphism with Dental Caries in Pakistani Adolescents
Authors: Karim Bilal , Rahim Amena , Afzal Muhammad , Ashfaq Sidra , Javed Muhammad Fahad 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene Fok 1 (rs10735810) with dental caries in Pakistani adolescents.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Department, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi in cooperation with Pathology Department, Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep 2019 to Aug 2020.
Methodology: A total of 304 participants were included in the study. There were 152 dental caries cases and 152 normal agematched controls. After taking written informed consent, blood samples were collected from each participant. DNA extraction was done by Chelex Method. PCR was carried out to determine the respective allelic frequencies of Fok 1 (rs10735810) genotype using specific primers.
Results: Out of 304 study participants, there were 26 males (17.1%) and 126 females (82.9%) in case-group; and 37 males (24.3%) and 115 females (75.7%) in control-group. No significant association of Fok 1 (rs10735810) genotype with DMFT score was found in dental caries case-group. Regarding genotypic and allelic frequencies, there was no significant association of Fok 1 (rs10735810) genotype with dental caries case-group.
Conclusion: Single nucleotide polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene Fok 1 (rs10735810) is not associated with dental caries in Pakistani adolescents.
Efficacy of Timolol Maleate (0.5%) in Preventing Rise of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Post Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) Capsulotomy
Authors: Iqbal Nazia , Muzaffar Waqar , Sarfaraz Muhammad Haroon , Khan Saim , Yasin Ubaid Ullah , Abidin Farooq Ul 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the efficacy of 0.5% Timolol eye drops in preventing rise of intraocular pressure following Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital Multan Pakistan, from May to Nov 2019.
Methodology: Patients presenting with posterior capsule opacification, undergoing elective Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: Yag) Capsulotomy were enrolled in the study. Patients were alternatively assigned to two groups; group-1 was administered 0.5% Timolol Maleate eye drops, while group-2 was administered placebo natural team eye drops. Intraocular pressure for all the patients was measured at three-time points a). First measurement was baseline intraocular pressure at presentation/before the treatment. Second measurement was 1-hour post laser capsulotomy and third measurement was 3 hours post laser capsulotomy.
Results: At 1-hour follow up, the mean intraocular pressure was significantly raised in the patients belonging to control group as compared to treatment group (21.45 ± 8.33 mm Hg vs 15.33 ± 3.37 mm Hg, p<0.001). At 3-hours follow-up the mean intraocular pressure decreased a bit for control group but still was significantly higher than the treatment group (17.40 ± 3.00 mm Hg vs 15.60 ± 2.30 mm Hg, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Prophylactic use of Timolol successfully reduces the post-procedural acute rise in intraocular pressure due to Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.
Effect of Global Posture Re-Education Versus Static Stretching on Pain, Range of Motion And Quality of Life in Post-Menopausal Women with Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Anum Hina , Anwar Naveed , Tauqeer Sana , Khalid Kehkhshan 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To compare the effects of global posture re-education and static stretching on pain, range of motion and disability in post-menopausal women with chronic neck pain.
Study Design: A quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sheikh Zayed hospital Rahim Yar Khan, from Jun to Dec 2020.
Methodology: A total of 36 female patients between 45-65 years of age were included in the study. Patients who had received physiotherapy or manual therapy treatment for neck pain in the previous six months or had any tumour infection were excluded. There were two groups, the global posture re-education group (n=18) performed muscle chain stretching, while the static stretching group (n=18) performed conventional static muscle stretching. Visual analogue scale, neck disability index and goniometer were used for outcome measurement.
Results: The results showed significant improvement in visual analogue scale score, neck disability index, flexion and extension range at four weeks and three months follow up (p<0.05). There was no significant improvement in NDI score at three months follow up (p-value >0.05).
Conclusion: There was a significant difference in pain, function and disability in both groups, but the global posture reeducation group showed a maximum decrease in pain and disability and gain in ROM as compared to the static stretching group.
Investigation of Insomnia Among Students At The University Level: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Fatima Fozia , Ali Sabir , Qamar Khadija , Bibi Safia , Fatima Sobia 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To investigate the students’ perception of insomnia at the university level and to determine the effects of demographic factors on their perception.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Education and Department of English, International Islamic University, from Sept 2020 to Feb 2021.
Methodology: This study involved twelve hundred and fifty (1250) university students. The insomnia questionnaire was developed after the exploratory factor analysis.
Results: The findings of this study revealed that students at the university level suffer from a high rate of insomnia, but they did not take any steps to address it because they had a neutral perception toward the problem. There was no significant effect of semester-term and the type of department with insomnia (p=0.864 and p=0.648).
Conclusion: Students were neutral about their insomnia problem at the university level.
Evaluation of canal configuration and frequency of second canal in mandibular lateral incisor using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Moorpani Prena , Rehman Qazi Fazal Ur , Ahmed Shahbaz , Akhtar Hira , Shah Marina , Aziz Munazza 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To categorize root canal configuration according to Vertucci’s classification and determine the frequency of second canal in mandibular lateral incisors of Pakistani subpopulation (Karachi based) by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Out-patient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and the department of Radiology at Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi Pakistan, from Jan to Jul 2019.
Methodology: Study was conducted on 160 extracted permanent mandibular lateral incisors. After extraction, teeth were randomly arranged in wax models and imaged via CBCT. Each tooth sample was analyzed in axial and sagittal sections. The images were investigated by two blinded examiners and data on canal morphology was recorded.
Results: The frequency of single canal mandibular incisors was recorded as 107 (66.9%) whereas 53 (33.1%) of teeth showed two canals. Females presented with a higher frequency of two canalled incisors, although the results were statistically insignificant. The most prevalent canal anatomy detected was Type I (105, 65.6%) followed by Type III (33, 20.6%), Type II (12, 7.5%) and Type V (10, 6.3%). Mandibular lateral incisors presenting with two canals anatomy, Type III (32, 97%) morphology was most commonly detected followed by Type II (12, 100%) and Type V (9, 90%).
Conclusion: CBCT scans are an effective tool for identification of root canal morphology. Mandibular lateral incisors most frequently presented with Type I canal anatomy whereas incisors with two canals most frequently presented with Type III configuration.
Breast Cancer Among Different Ethnicities (A Single Institution Study)
Authors: Ahsan Mahnoor , Haider Ghulam , Taj Asra , Mahr Khalil , Aslam Batool , Mubashir Saima 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To study the socio-demographic factors, medical history, histological type, hormonal status with the different ethnic groups of Pakistani breast cancer patients.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Medical Oncology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from Aug -Nov 2019.
Methodology: Two hundred female patients aged 20-50 years with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer visited OPD for the treatment or were admitted to the ward. The information regarding socio-demographics was noted in the pre-designed proforma. Divisions such as Muhajir (Urdu speaking), Sindhi, Balochi, Punjabi and Pathan were created to analyse breast cancer frequency within different ethnic classes in Pakistan. SPSS version 23 was used to analyse the data.
Results: Out of 200 patients with breast carcinoma, 94 females were Urdu speaking (47%), 39 were Sindhi (19%), 25 were Punjabi (12%), 13 were Pathan (7%), seven were Baloch (4%), and 22 (11%) belonged to minority ethnic groups. The results showed a significant association of ethnicity with family history (p=0.053), residence (p=0.001) and employment status (p=0.010).
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that there is difference in breast cancer occurrence among ethnic groups.
Topical Use of Gentamicin in Potentially Contaminated Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Bile Spillage During Gall Bladder Retrieval
Authors: Ali Afaque , Hussain Zaki , Jamal Ayesha , Rahat Fatima , Shoof Talha Mak , Islam Saqib 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To observe the effects of topical Gentamycin as a prophylactic measure to control post-operative port site infection after bile spillage during gall bladder retrieval in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Feb to Aug 2019.
Methodology: The study population comprised 80 patients (divided into two groups) diagnosed with cholelithiasis and underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Seven surgeries were converted into open cholecystectomies, and bile spillage was recorded in 42 patients who underwent uneventful surgery. These patients were then examined for 30 days to evaluate port site infection.
Results: It was seen that EPSI was more common in patients in the fourth decade of their life even after Gentamicin prophylaxis 6 (14.29%). A deeper analysis of the study showed that EPSI was more common in patients with Class-I obesity and their fourth decade of life. When compared to the gender, we found that the ratio of EPSI was higher in the female population (1:2) as compared to males (1:4).
Conclusion: In our research, topical use of Gentamicin in potentially contaminated laparoscopic cholecystectomy after bile spillage during gall bladder retrieval proved beneficial.
Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy of Real Time Shear Wave Elastography in Detecting Liver Cirrhosis Keeping Histopathology as Reference Standard
Authors: Saleem Sultan , Slehria Attique ur Rehman , Rauf Muhammad Haris , Sohail Marium , Taufiq Nida , Khan Muhammad Usman 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of real-time Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) in detecting liver cirrhosis among patients suffering from diseases predisposing to it, keeping histopathology as the reference standard.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2018 to Jul 2018.
Methodology: A total of 114 patients were recruited, and relevant history taken from patientsreal-time shear wave elastography (SWE) of the liver was performed, followed by USG guided liver biopsy. Patients having clinically suspected diseases predisposing to hepatic fibrosis were sent to the Radiology department for ultrasound or ultrasound-guided liver biopsy. Elasticity values using sheer waves of 14.9 kPa (2.23m/s) or more was taken as suggestive of cirrhosis. Elastography findings were compared with histopathology findings.Results: Real-time SWE showed high diagnostic accuracy for detecting liver cirrhosis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of 92.86%, 89.66%, 89.66%, 92.86% and 91.23%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of RTSW elastography in detecting liver cirrhosis is relatively high.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Neurography on 3-Tesla in Brachial Plexus Injury Management
Authors: Mansoor Palwasha , Aslam Muhammad Rizwan , Ahmed Rao Saood , Hameed Shahid , Nafees Abu-ul-Ala , Khadim Rehana 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To study the effect of magnetic resonance neurography on 3 Tesla (MRN-3T) on the outcome of brachial plexus injury management.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plastic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Apr 2017 to Mar 2019.
Methodology: Two groups of brachial plexus injury (BPI) were studied over two years. Group-A (n=29) cases whose operative intervention was decided based on history, examination, NCS/EMG and CT scan. Second group-B included (n=33) patients in which MRN-3T (magnetic resonance neurography on 3 Tesla) was the critical diagnostic tool. The comparison of preoperative diagnosis with intraoperative findings and outcome of surgery were made.
Results: Out of 29 cases in group-A, 11 (37.93%) were explored. In these 11, neurolysis was done in one case, direct repair in one case, nerve grafting in 4 patients, nerve transfers with bridging grafts in 2 cases, whereas three patients had negative exploration. Of 33 cases in group-B, 21(63.64%) were explored. From these 21 cases, neurolysis was done in four patients; the direct repair was possible in 7 and in 10 cases bridging nerve grafts were used along with primary nerve transfers.
Conclusion: MRN-3T brachial plexus has significantly improved the diagnosis, preoperative planning and surgical outcome of patients with brachial plexus injury.
The Accuracy of Transabdominal Ultrasound (TAUS) in Detection of Choledocholithiasis Keeping Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as Gold Standard
Authors: Palwa Abdur Rahim , Nisar Uzma , Shafique Mobeen , Aamir Omer , Riaz Sidra , Bukhari Aown Raza Shah , Razzaq Mehwish 
Published: December 2022

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) in detecting choledocholithiasis, keeping MRCP as the gold standard.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Armed Forces Institute of Radiology & Imaging, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2018 to May 2019.
Methodology: 102 patients of either gender, age 20-85 years with the clinical suspicion of choledocholithiasis and obstructive jaundice were included. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography was performed for radiological detection of disease. All selected cases then underwent MRCP for confirmation of findings.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 54.27 ± 15.14 years. 47 patients (46.1%) were males, and 55 (53.9%) were females. All patients were subjected to trans-abdominal ultrasound and MRCP. TAUS showed choledocholithiasis in 82 (80.3%) patients. MRCP confirmed choledocholithiasis in 81 (79.4%) cases, whereas 21 (20.5%) revealed no choledocholithiasis. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of TAUS were 96%, 80.9%, 95%, 85% & 87.86%, respectively.
Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasonography in detecting choledocholithiasis is significantly high enough to be used as a first-line imaging modality as MRCP is available only in specialised care centres.