bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman microspectroscopy/micro‐optical coherence tomography approach for chairside diagnosis of periodontal diseases: A pilot study
Authors: Saggu Arjun , Maguluri Gopi , Grimble John , Park Jesung , Hasturk Hatice , Iftimia Nicusor , Sima Corneliu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to develop and test a combined Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and micro‐optical coherence tomography (μOCT) approach for chairside quantification of gingival collagen, DNA, epithelium, and connective tissue. We hypothesized that a high‐resolution RMS/μOCT can characterize healthy and inflamed periodontal tissues for diagnosis and disease activity monitoring.MethodsA prototype instrument was developed, tested ex vivo on gingival specimens and optimized for in vivo intraoral use. The primary outcome measures were the ratios of oral epithelium to connective tissue thickness (OE:CT) and the amount of DNA to collagen type I (DNA/Col 1), and the thickness of sulcular epithelium (SE). For ex vivo testing, eight subjects with healthy periodontal tissues or with Stage II to IV periodontitis were included in the study and underwent crown‐lengthening or periodontal surgical procedures, respectively. Gingival biopsies were scanned by RMS/μOCT and histometric analyses were performed. The proof‐of‐concept study included OE/CT, DNA/Col 1, and SE assessed in six volunteers with or without signs of gingival inflammation (n = 3/group).ResultsThe spatially co‐registered RMS spectra revealed opposing changes in the collagen and DNA peaks of inflamed compared with healthy tissues (P <0.05). Combined RMS/μOCT analysis showed that OE/CT, DNA/Col, and SE are significantly different between healthy and inflamed sites (P <0.05). Histological assessments confirmed the differences detected by RMS/μOCT. Qualitative analysis of DNA/Col 1 ratios indicated Col I content as the main distinguishing feature for health and DNA content for periodontitis.ConclusionResults suggest that combined RMS/μOCT chairside imaging may distinguish between healthy and diseased sites by evaluating marginal periodontal morphological and biochemical features.
Bioactive Poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(ethylene glycol) Fibrous Dressings Incorporated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Antibacterial Therapy and Rapid Clotting
Authors: Yuan Shuaishuai , Sun Xiuxia , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAntibacterial and hemostatic properties are of great importance to wound dressing in treating trauma. Poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB), an U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved bioabsorbable polyester, is used as dermal substitutes to prevent sever wound contraction and improve wound healing. However, P4HB fibrous mats are not efficient in halting bleeding and preventing bacterial associated infection. Here the authors prepare a new kind of wound dressing by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles into the P4HB matrix by using electrospinning method. The in vitro results reveal that the P4HB/PEG/ZnO dressings can synergistically help blood clotting, prevent bacteria adhesion, and kill bacteria efficiently. It's found that the bactericidal activity of the bioactive P4HB/PEG/ZnO dressings is related to the release of Zn2+ ions rather than reactive oxygen species (ROS) under dark condition. The in vivo antibacterial evaluation indicates that the bioactive P4HB/PEG/ZnO dressings can successfully prevent wound infections in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats’ skin defect model. The in vivo hemostatic experiments evaluated in the rabbit ear injury model further confirm that the bioactive P4HB/PEG/ZnO dressings have excellent hemostatic performance. Hence, this study demonstrates that the bioactive P4HB/PEG/ZnO dressings with hemostatic and bactericidal properties have great potential in possible clinical applications.
Simple Strategies for Enhancement of the Strength of Lignin‐Based Nanofibrous Aerogels
Authors: Cho MiJung , Karaaslan Muzaffer A. , Renneckar Scott 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolvent fractionated lignin and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are used to create highly resilient nanofiber‐based aerogel materials. Two fractions of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) are combined and subsequently electrospun into nanofibers composed of 99% lignin. Additionally, 5 wt.% of CNCs is added into the fiber, based on the solid lignin weight, to enhance the physical properties of the nanofiber materials. The manufacturing process involves dispersing the fibers in water followed by freeze‐drying and subsequent heat treatment. The heat treatment process, with carefully chosen blends of fractionated lignin with specific glass transition temperatures, provides an initial thermoplastic behavior that results in the physical cross‐linking of entangled fibers upon heat treatment. This tailored morphology shows four times higher compressive strength compared to lignin nanofiber materials that only contain high molecular weight fractions. Moreover, CNC is a critical additive that helps maintain fiber geometry by reducing significant softening of lignin under elevated temperatures. Therefore, the fibers with CNC additives ensure the 3D shape after heat treatment, resulting in enhanced physical connections at fiber junctions. As a result, lignin/CNC nanofibers are transformed into 3D structured, lightweight materials that can undergo near full recovery after repeated compressive strain matching the performance of some carbonized analogs.
Nonlocal homogenisation theory for curl‐div‐systems
Authors: Nicaise Serge , Waurick Marcus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the curl‐div‐system with variable coefficients and a nonlocal homogenisation problem associated with it. Using, in part refining, techniques from nonlocalH‐convergence for closed Hilbert complexes, we define the appropriate topology for possibly nonlocal and non‐periodic coefficients in curl‐div systems to model highly oscillatory behaviour of the coefficients on small scales. We address curl‐div systems under various boundary conditions and analyse the limit of the ratio of small scale over large scale tending to zero. Already for standard Dirichlet boundary conditions and local coefficients the limit system is nontrivial and unexpected. Furthermore, we provide an analysis of highly oscillatory local coefficients for a curl‐div system with impedance type boundary conditions relevant in scattering theory for Maxwell's equations and relate the abstract findings to localH‐convergence and weak*‐convergence of the coefficients.
Unternehmenskultur: Von Integrität profitieren
Authors: Nagel Katja 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn der Chemiebranche, geprägt von Transformationsaufgaben, kommt es mehr denn je auf integres Verhalten und ethische Prinzipien wie Fairness, Solidarität und Gemeinwohl an. Kunden, Aktionäre und Beschäftigte erwarten, dass Unternehmen ihre Versprechen einlösen. Dafür müssen diese Ziele entwickeln und offen kommunizieren.
Biodegradable functional macromolecules as promising scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering
Authors: Saghebasl Solmaz , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Nikzamir Nasrin , SeyedSadjadi Mirabdullah , Mostafavi Ebrahim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases, the major international health problem and the leading cause of death worldwide have been increasing in recent years due to population aging and lifestyle changes. Loss of cardiac muscle function after myocardial damage is one of the most critical challenges in cardiovascular medicine that has not yet been overcome. Tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in modern medicine, targeting the substitution of damaged tissue with functional tissue grown inside an artificial scaffold. Great efforts have been made toward the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds that paved the way for extracellular matrix (ECM)‐like biomaterial. In cardiac tissue engineering, key parameters must be determined to select the ideal biomaterial, such as biocompatibility, conductivity, mechanical features, degradation and swelling rate, surface properties, and cell viability, growth and proliferation. Among different scaffolding materials, a wide range of natural biological macromolecules and synthetic macromolecules have been utilized to produce scaffolds with multifunctionality for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). In this review, we have focused on recent achievements in the field of synthetic biodegradable macromolecules (such as aliphatic polyesters, polyurethane, poly (glycerol sebacate)) and the significant strategies to construct electrically conductive scaffolds to regenerate the function of native cardiac tissue. These biodegradable macromolecules have several attractive properties, including biocompatibility, elasticity, good mechanical properties, compatibility with native cardiac tissue, and proper surface biochemistry to increase cardiac cell adhesion, making them appropriate candidates for CTE. Recently, a growing trend in the use of conductive scaffolds for cardiac regeneration has been witnessed. Different materials ranging from metals, ceramics, and polymers have been used as parts of conductive scaffolds for CTE, possessing conductivity assortments from a range of semiconductive to conductive. Moreover, this review paper also focuses on the main strategies to create electroconductive scaffolds for in vitro cardiac muscle regeneration.
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) phase inversion membranes: Thermodynamics and effects of a poor solvent on the membrane characteristics
Authors: Cadore Ígor Renz , Ambrosi Alan , Cardozo Nilo Sergio Medeiros , Tessaro Isabel Cristina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a worldwide established polymer that has raised the interest of researchers for the fabrication of membranes. Polymer membranes are mostly prepared by the phase inversion technique, but the literature is scarce regarding the use of PET for this purpose. The main objective of this work is to prepare PET membranes by the phase inversion technique and characterize the phase separation phenomena and the performance of membranes produced under different solution conditions. The cloud point tests showed that the addition of dichloromethane (DCM) in PET solutions with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) turned the system more unstable because less water was necessary to promote phase separation. The poor solvent DCM neither affects the chemical structure of membranes nor the surface wettability. SEM images revealed a porous and sponge‐like structure with a thin top layer and the poor solvent seems to suppress the tear‐like macrovoid formation. Filtration experiments indicated higher pure water flux for membranes prepared with DCM in the solution but lower selectivity for model solutes.
On possible trypsin‐induced biases in peptides analysis with aerolysin nanopore
Authors: Afshar Bakshloo Mazdak , Yahiaoui Safia , Ouldali Hadjer , Pastoriza‐Gallego Manuela , Piguet Fabien , Oukhaled Abdelghani 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNanopore‐based single‐molecule analysis technique is a promising approach in the field of proteomics. In this Technical Brief, the interaction between the biological nanopore of Aerolysin (AeL) and peptides is investigated, focusing on potential biases depending on the AeL activation protocol. Our results reveal that residual trypsin, which may be unintentionally introduced in analyte solution when using a classical AeL activation protocol, can induce a significant formation of shorter peptides by enzymatic degradation of longer ones, which may lead to unwanted effects and/or misinterpretations. AeL free‐trypsin activation protocol eliminates this bias and appears more appropriate for peptide/proteins analysis, specifically in the perspective of nanopore‐based molecular fingerprinting or of low‐abundance species characterization.
Anti‐Jo1 autoantibodies, from clinic to the bench
Authors: Galindo‐Feria Angeles S. , Horuluoglu Begum , Lundberg Ingrid E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) also known as myositis, is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects muscles, skin, joints and lung. One of the most common autoantibodies with a prevalence of 25‐35%, is the anti‐Jo‐1 autoantibodies, targeting the histidyl‐transfer RNA synthetase (HisRS). These autoantibodies are strongly associated with a distinct clinical phenotype called anti‐synthetase syndrome (ASyS) that includes interstitial lung disease (ILD), myositis, arthritis and Raynaud's phenomenon. The mechanism of how autoantibodies are produced and how they contribute to disease pathogenesis is unclear.Areas CoveredIn this review we will discuss the clinical manifestations associated with Jo‐1 autoantibodies, and the association with clinical features. Moreover, we will also review the molecular characteristics of the antibodies and how they affect the cells of the immune system in order to understand possible disease mechanisms.
Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxicity, and DFT Studies of Novel 2‐Amino Substituted Benzonaphthyridines as PDK1 Inhibitors
Authors: Prabha Kolandaivel , Satheeshkumar Rajendran , Nasif Vesim , Saranya Jayapalan , Sayin Koray , Natarajan Jeyakumar , Chandrasekar Chinnarasu , Rajendra Prasad K. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present work emphasizes the utility of 2,4‐dichloro‐5‐methylbenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine as starting precursors. The reaction of 2,4‐dichloro‐5‐methylbenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridine with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines yielded 2‐amino substituted 2,4‐dichlorobenzo[h]naphthyridines. All the compounds were examined for their in vitro anticancer activity against six human cancer lines and docked with PDK1 inhibitors. The structure‐activity relationship studies are revealed that the compounds holding aminocarbazole moiety and triazole amine moiety improve the activity profile. All the structures of synthesized compounds were optimized at B3LYP‐D3/6‐31G(d) level in the water. Furthermore, the electronic properties and biological reactivity of the synthesized compounds are explored using computational techniques.
Graphene Ionogel Ultra‐Fast Filter Supercapacitor with 4 V Workable Window and 150 °C Operable Temperature
Authors: Chi Fengyao , Hu Yajie , He Wenya , Weng Chuanxin , Cheng Huhu , Li Chun , Qu Liangti 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe filtering capacitor plays an essential role in the ever‐increasing electronics for current stability in complicated environments. However, because of the low specific capacitance and bulky volume, current filtering devices have difficulty satisfying the harsh temperature environment and small size for supercomputers, electric vehicles, aircraft and so on. Therefore, an ultra‐fast electrochemical capacitor is developed on the basis of vertically oriented graphene iongel electrodes (GI‐EC), which demonstrates excellent alternate current line‐filtering performance with both hot tolerance of up to 150 °C and a wide voltage window of 4 V. Because of the particularly oriented graphene nanosheets induced fast ion transport, this ionic electrochemical capacitor displays a high areal specific energy density of 1784 µF V2 cm−2 with a phase angle of −80.0° (120 Hz) at 150 °C, which is greater than most of the reported electrochemical capacitors. Moreover, it can filter arbitrary waveforms to smooth direct current signals and works well with a wide frequency range from 10 to 104 Hz. The easy integration of GI‐ECs in series or parallel can also further deliver desired capacitances or high voltages. The GI‐EC with high‐rate performance, wide voltage window, and high‐temperature adaptability presents a great promise for universally applicable filtering capacitors.
Online monitoring of small volume reactions using compact liquid chromatography instrumentation
Authors: Foster Samuel W. , Xie Xiaofeng , Hellmig Jacob M. , Moura‐Letts Gustavo , West W. Raymond , Lee Milton L. , Grinias James P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA wide variety of analytical techniques have been employed for monitoring chemical reactions, with online instrumentation providing additional benefits compared to offline analysis. A challenge in the past for online monitoring has been placement of the monitoring instrumentation as close as possible to the reaction vessel to maximize sampling temporal resolution and preserve sample composition integrity. Furthermore, the ability to sample very small volumes from bench‐scale reactions allows the use of small reaction vessels and conservation of expensive reagents. In this study, a compact capillary liquid chromatography instrument was used for online monitoring of as small as 1 mL total volume of a chemical reaction mixture, with automated sampling of nanoliter‐scale volumes directly from the reaction vessel used for analysis. Analyses to demonstrate short‐term (∼2 h) and long‐term (∼ 50 h) reactions were conducted using tandem on‐capillary ultraviolet absorbance followed by in‐line mass spectrometry detection or ultraviolet absorbance detection alone, respectively. For both short‐ and long‐term reactions (10 and 250 injections, respectively), sampling approaches using syringe pumps minimized the overall sample loss to approximately 0.2% of the total reaction volume.
Rate of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in a Thai hospital‐based population: A retrospective cohort
Authors: Thaipisuttikul Papan , Jaikla Kriengsak , Satthong Sirikorn , Wisajun Pattarabhorn 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the state between normal cognition and dementia. This study objective was to estimate an average 1‐year rate of conversion from MCI to dementia and explore the associated factors of conversion in a hospital‐based cohort.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of participants with MCI was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Thailand. Two hundred fifty participants, 50 years of age or older, were enrolled.ResultsAn average 1‐year conversion rate from MCI to dementia was 18.4%. MCI patients who converted to dementia were likely older (P < .001), predominantly female (P = .028), vitamin D deficient (P = .012), and associated with lower Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores during first assessments (P < .001, P < .001 respectively) and follow‐up assessments (P < .045, P < .001 respectively). We conducted two models of multivariate analysis, using binary logistic regression. In the first model, adjusted for age, sex, education, vitamin D deficiency, and first assessment MMSE scores, we found that underlying vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 3.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 9.44) and first assessment MMSE scores (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93) were significantly associated with conversion to dementia. In the second model, adjusted for age, sex, education, vitamin D deficiency and first assessment MoCA scores, only first assessment MoCA scores (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.76) were significantly associated with conversion to dementia.DiscussionThe 1‐year conversion rate from MCI to dementia was 18.4%. MMSE and MoCA were useful tools to assess baseline cognitive status in MCI patients and predict dementia progression. The association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of conversion from MCI to dementia requires further investigations.
Analysis of Spatial Gene Expression at the Cellular Level in Stony Corals
Authors: Traylor-Knowles Nikki , Emery Madison 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScleractinians, or stony corals, are colonial animals that possess a high regenerative capacity and a highly diverse innate immune system. As such they present the opportunity to investigate the interconnection between regeneration and immunity in a colonial animal. Understanding the relationship between regeneration and immunity in stony corals is of further interest as it has major implications for coral reef health. One method for understanding the role of innate immunity in scleractinian regeneration is in situ hybridization using RNA probes. Here we describe a protocol for in situ hybridization in adult stony corals using a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled RNA antisense probe which can be utilized to investigate the spatial expression of immune factors during regeneration.
Analysis of DNA Double-Stranded Breaks Using the Comet Assay in Planarians
Authors: Barghouth Paul G. , Rojas Salvador , O’Dell Lacey R. , Betancourt Andrew M. , Oviedo Néstor J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComet assay provides the opportunity to detect and characterize DNA strand breaks. Cellular lysing followed by embedding in agarose slide is used to visualize under an electrical current migration patterns corresponding to DNA fragments of different sizes. Here we describe the process of detecting and characterizing DNA damage by Comet assay on planarians, which is a model organism commonly used to understand the process of whole-body regeneration, stem cell regulation, and adult tissue maintenance.
Using RNA-Seq for Transcriptome Profiling of Botrylloides sp. Regeneration
Authors: Meier Michael , Wilson Megan J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe decrease in sequencing costs and technology improvements has led to the adoption of RNA-sequencing to profile transcriptomes from further non-traditional regeneration model organisms such as the colonial ascidian Botrylloides leachii. The relatively unbiased way in which transcripts are identified and quantified makes this technique suitable to detect large-scale changes in expression, and the identification of novel transcripts and isoforms. Of particular interest to many researchers is the discovery of differentially expressed transcripts across different treatment conditions or stages of regeneration. This protocol describes a workflow starting from processing raw sequencing reads, mapping reads, assembly of transcripts, and measuring their abundance, creating lists of differentially expressed genes and their biological interpretation using gene ontologies. All programs used in this protocol are open-source software tools and freely available.
Studying Porifera WBR Using the Calcerous Sponges Leucosolenia
Authors: Lavrov Andrey I. , Ereskovsky Alexander V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSponges (Porifera), basal nonbilaterian metazoans, are well known for their high regenerative capacities ranging from reparation of a lost body wall to whole-body regeneration from a small piece of tissues or even from dissociated cells. Sponges from different clades utilize different cell sources and various morphological processes to complete the regeneration. This variety makes these animals promising models for studying the evolution of regeneration in Metazoa. However, there are few publications concerning the regenerative mechanisms in sponges. This could be partially explained by the delicacy of sponge tissues, which requires modifying and fine adjusting of common research protocols. The current chapter describes various methods for studying regeneration processes in the marine calcareous sponge, Leucosolenia. Provided protocols span all significant research steps: from sponge collection and surgical operations to various types of microscopy and immunohistochemical studies.
Definition of Volunteer Work and a Model of Volunteer Activity
Authors: Güntert Stefan T. , Wehner Theo , Mieg Harald A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVolunteer work can best be defined as a free, non-profit activity that usually serves the common good. The aspect ofvoluntarinessis essential and distinguishes it from other forms of work. Anyone who speaks of volunteer work is not just talking about individual helping behavior or civic engagement but, indirectly, always also about the national system of gainful employment within which volunteer work takes place and with which it must be compatible.