bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Potential of Azadirachta indica: A Review
Authors: Oktavia Sri Niza , Ifora Ifora , Fauziah Fitra 
Published: June 2022

Inflammation is a protective response to injury or tissue damage and acts by eliminating harmful stimuli such as pathogens cell damage and initiates the healing process. Azadirachta indica was known as medicinal plant with various pharmacological activities. This review aims to summarize the scientific activity of A.indica as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic with experimental models either in vivo or in vitro taken from several databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed over the last ten years (2011- 2021). From the data, A.indica was proven to be anti-inflammatory by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, NFkB, COX2, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN- γ, and reducing the volume of edema. Potential analgesic indicated by decreasing stomach writhing and reducing pain sensation in rats. The antipyretic activity was characterized by a decrease in rats' body temperature. This review proves that natural products from A.indica have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic potential.
Keywords: Analgesic, Azadirachta, Fever, Inflammation, Neem
Pemberdayaan Remaja Melalui Peer Educator Rohani Remaja Katolik (Remaka) Paroki Santo Gregorius Agung Jambi Dalam Upaya Pencegahan COVID-19
Authors: La Ode Reskiaddin , Aswin Budi , Siagian Laurencus Butsi 
Published: June 2022

The third of young adults are medically susceptible to the disease COVID-19. Community empowerment is a strategy in preventing COVID-19.This community service aims to train and form peer educators. There are several stages carried out in youth empowerment activities, including coordinating with the parish church of Saint Gregorius Agung Jambi, at the activity site, facilitators mobilizing activity participants, conveying the aims and objectives of activities, orders from peer educator teams, training and coaching peers, discussion and questions answer and evaluate activities. The results of this training helped improve adolescents' understanding of covid-19 and had formed 22 peer educators divided into eleven regions and as an agent of change in providing health information to the public.The need for socialization and ordering of peer educators in various regions as the pioneers of the Covid-19 task force.

Keywords: Empowerment, Peer educator, Teenager
Hepatocarcinoma: experiencia de la vida real en un centro especializado de Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Prieto Ortíz Jhon Edison , Garzón Orjuela Nathaly , Sanchez Pardo Santiago , Prieto Ortíz Robin Germán , Eslava Schmalbach Javier H 
Published: June 2022

Introducción: el hepatocarcinoma (HCC) es el tumor hepático primario maligno más frecuente en el mundo: en 2018 ocupó la sexta posición y representó la cuarta causa de muerte por cáncer; la supervivencia global a 5 años es del 18 %. La mayoría de los casos de HCC se desarrolla en pacientes con cirrosis de cualquier etiología, especialmente por virus de la hepatitis B y C, alcohol y, recientemente, por la esteatohepatitis no alcohólica (NASH).
Objetivo: analizar las características clínicas, métodos de diagnóstico, tratamientos, variables pronósticas y supervivencia.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de una cohorte de pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis atendidos entre enero de 2011 y diciembre de 2020 en un centro de atención médica de Bogotá, con diagnóstico de HCC confirmado radiológicamente o por biopsia. La información se analizó de forma descriptiva con medidas de frecuencia absoluta en el caso de las variables categóricas; para las variables continuas se resumió la información con medidas de tendencia central (media o medianas) y su respectiva medida de dispersión.
Resultados: se incluyeron 152 pacientes diagnosticados con HCC, con edad promedio de 69,4 años, 51,3 % eran hombres. La principal causa de HCC fue el hígado graso no alcohólico (NAFLD), que representó casi una tercera parte de los casos (32 %); otras causas fueron el alcohol (15 %) y el virus de la hepatitis C (14 %). La mediana de presentación del tumor fue de 2 nódulos con un tamaño cercano a 4 cm. El 35 % de los pacientes tenía un estadio BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer) con opciones curativas y el 25 % de los pacientes recibió opciones curativas de tratamiento. La terapia sistémica de primera línea utilizada en esta cohorte fue el sorafenib®, que se utilizó en 35 pacientes (33,7 %). Las curvas de supervivencia mostraron que las mujeres, el estadio Child-Pugh A y el estadio BCLC 0 presentaron mayores medianas de supervivencia. El análisis multivariado evidenció un mayor riesgo de muerte al ser hombre (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2,16; intervalo de confianza [IC]: 1,24 a 3,76), estar en los estadios Child-Pugh B (HR: 2,14; IC: 1,16 a 3,95) y Child-Pugh C (HR: 7,52; IC: 2,88 a 19,57).
Conclusiones: el NAFLD es la principal causa de HCC en la presente cohorte, una tercera parte de los pacientes se diagnostica en estadios BCLC tempranos con opción curativa de tratamiento, y un 25 % se trata con terapias curativas. El sorafenib fue la terapia de primera línea en HCC avanzado. La supervivencia global luego del diagnóstico de HCC sigue siendo baja, y es necesario aunar esfuerzos en el seguimiento de los pacientes con cirrosis para mejorar estos resultados.
Incidencia y caracterización de adenomas colorrectales en el área de influencia de una institución especializada
Authors: Roldán Molina Luis Fernando , León Ramírez Sandra Milena , Roldán Delfino Lina María , Márquez Molina Sara , Nuñez Cabarcas Edilberto Elías , Pérez Useche Hilda María , Restrepo Peláez Antonio José , Restrepo Tirado Carlos Ever , Saffon Abad María Adelaida , Zuleta Muñoz Julio Eduardo , Zuluaga Aguilar Juan Nicolás 
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: localización y caracterización endoscópica e histológica de los adenomas colorrectales en una cohorte de pacientes sometidos a colonoscopia en Medellín, Colombia.
Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años sometidos a colonoscopia entre febrero y julio de 2020 en un centro especializado de Medellín, Colombia. Se determinó la incidencia de adenomas, su localización en los diferentes segmentos del colon, sus características endoscópicas e histológicas, así como también los casos de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) y displasia de alto grado.
Resultados: se realizaron 992 colonoscopias y se encontraron pólipos colorrectales en 266 pacientes, de los cuales 208 tenían adenomas. En total se resecaron 461 pólipos, de los cuales 336 fueron adenomas (72 %). El tipo histológico con mayor representación fue el tubular (78 %). La localización de adenomas fue del 37 % en el colon derecho, 25 % en el transverso y 38 % en el colon izquierdo. La cantidad de casos de CCR fue de 9 por 1000 pacientes, que incluyen carcinoma avanzado y carcinoma in situ (DAG).
Conclusiones: dada la incidencia de adenomas en el colon derecho y transverso, no se recomienda la rectosigmoidoscopia como estudio de tamizaje para CCR. En la población estudiada fueron predominantes los adenomas tubulares, de aspecto sésil y tamaño diminuto. Se recomienda el tamizaje en la población mayor de 40 años y la búsqueda de lesiones precursoras como estrategias para disminuir las tasas de morbimortalidad por CCR.
A Note on the SEC's Decision in 1964 to Remove Differences between Its Filing Requirements and Companies' Annual Reports to Shareholders
Authors: Zeff Stephen A. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
This historical note explains the background and impact of the decision in 1964 by the Securities and Exchange Commission to amend its proxy rules to require substantial conformance between the accounting practices in its filing requirements and those in registrants' annual reports sent to shareholders.
Essays on the History and Philosophy of Chemistry
Authors: Filgueiras Carlos A. L. 
Published: June 2022

Book Review
Zaterka, Luciana and Mocellin, Ronei Clécio. Ensaios de História e Filosofia da Química (Essays on the History and Philosophy of Chemistry). São Paulo: Editora Ideias e Letras, 2022, 328 p. ISBN 978-658729531-2
Legal knowledge in the system of higher education of non-legal specialties
Authors: Shandra R. , Bedriy M. 
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the place and role of legal knowledge in the system of higher education of non-legal specialties. The erroneous belief that legal knowledge is needed only to professional lawyers has been disproved. Given the needs of the rule of law in Ukraine, this knowledge is both valuable and necessary to all citizens. Knowledge of law has special importance for people with higher (including non-legal) education since they are aimed at building Ukrainian statehood – its politics, economy, industry, education, culture and others. Therefore, the study of legal disciplines in higher education institutions is of extreme importance.
The interrelation between the concepts of legal education and juridical education is analysed. Juridical education is characterized as professional training of future judges, prosecutors, lawyers and other legislators. On the other hand, legal education is the acquisition of knowledge about state and legal phenomena by all members of society. The legal framework for legal education, its advantages and disadvantages are studied. The need for legal skills and competencies in accordance with the approved standards of higher education in non-legal specialties is identified. The necessity to develop and adopt a particular law on legal education of the Ukraine’s population is emphasized. The gradation of the capacity of legal knowledge depending on the peculiarities of a concrete non-legal specialty of higher education is offered.
The experience of the Department of Ukraine’s Law Fundamentals, Faculty of Law, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in teaching law disciplines at non-legal faculties is summarized. Didactic methods in this direction should consist of accessible and concise but, at the same time, complete and informative provision of legal knowledge, training of skills and abilities, their mastering and testing. Accordingly, there is a need to develop and publish separate textbooks, manuals, workshops, work programs and other materials on law issues for students of non-legal specialties. The expediency of functioning in the structure of the classical university of a specialized unit (department), which provides legal knowledge to students of non-legal specialties, is substantiated.
Some types of works posted on the internet, and the peculiarities of their protection by Ukrainian copyright compared to US law
Authors: Kovalenko I. 
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the peculiarities of protection against plagiarism of works posted on the Internet and the peculiarities of their protection by Ukrainian copyright compared with US legislation.
The ratio of features of the computer program as an object of copyright protection is analyzed. After all, the program derived from the algorithm and is in a sense, its equivalent. This means that some basic features of algorithms are inherent in programs. The program can also be considered as a means of implementing an algorithm, and as such, characterized by certain distinct features from which for the purposes of the program research as an object of copyright protection can be distinguished: unlike the algorithm, which is a sequence of logical-mathematical Transformation operations, the program contains a sequence of commands that describe the process of implementing an algorithm and provide control of this process. The objective form of expression of the program is its recording formalized language of simultaneous computers.
It is determined that the protection of computer programs by copyright norms, is a great theoretical and practical curiosity as the simplest and economical.
The jurisdictional and non-legal forms of protection of patent law are characterized, the main ways of protecting intellectual property rights are clarified. The emphasis on the judicial prohibition as a way of protecting intellectual property rights is analyzed by the international index of property rights, in particular the level of protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine and in the United States. The fact of a low indicator of protection of intellectual property rights in our country is established compared to European countries. The main issues of protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine are highlighted. It is emphasized the need to adapt national legislation to the legal system of the European Union. There are a number of international treaties regulating intellectual property relations at the international level. The European integration course of Ukraine indicates its desire to adapt their legal system to European standards, and therefore, concluding an Association Agreement with the EU, Ukraine has undertaken to harmonize its intellectual property legislation with European legislation. The provisions of a number of European legal acts regulating the issue of protecting intellectual property rights are given. Problems of collecting evidence base for violation of intellectual property rights remains open issues as a national judicial practice on this issue. It is necessary to create a specialized judiciary that would consider cases of violation of intellectual property rights, including on the Internet. It is necessary to enhance legal responsibility for violations in the field of intellectual property, in particular regarding the distribution of pirate products.
Resolution of disputes on termination of the employment contract by agreement of the parties
Authors: Kravtsov D. , Zinovatna I. , Burnyagina Yu. , Orlova N. , Solovyov O. , Konopeltseva O. 
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the outline of those issues that reveal the peculiarities of termination of employment by agreement of the parties. The authors draw attention to certain problems in determining the procedure for termination of the employment contract on this basis. In addition, the authors focus on the study of the characteristics of the application of the ground “by agreement of the parties.” The analysis of scientific researches of outstanding modern experts of science of labor law is carried out, their most important remarks and considerations are resulted. The latest legal opinions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine on dismissal on this ground are considered and analyzed.
Today, considerable attention should be paid to the rules for the protection of employees’ interests in the termination of employment, as Ukrainian lawyers point out that the labor law has significantly reduced the rules aimed at protecting the interests of employees.
The current legislation of Ukraine does not contain a legally defined relevant procedure and terms of termination of the employment contract by agreement of the parties. Lack of documentation of the agreement of the parties may have adverse consequences for the parties to the employment contract, as well as complicate the consideration and resolution of individual labor disputes. It is these circumstances that require the definition in the labor legislation of Ukraine of the procedure for reaching and drawing up an agreement between the parties to terminate the employment contract.
The real possibility of protecting the rights of employees upon termination of an employment contract on this basis depends on the effectiveness of the mechanism of judicial and state control over the employer’s compliance with the procedure for dismissal by agreement of the parties.
Judicial practice at the Supreme Court level provides answers to questions that are not clearly regulated by law, allowing employers and employees to make informed and lawful decisions in this area. It should be noted that today the normative regulation of the provisions on the procedure for terminating an employment contract by agreement of the parties and bringing them into line with law enforcement practice needs to be improved.
Legal support of budget investment: directions of improvement
Authors: Getmanets O. 
Published: June 2022

The need to introduce modern financial instruments in the development of Ukraine’s economy requires the organization and legal support of various forms of investment activity. State support for investment activities is based on budget investments and is carried out on the basis of budget legislation, but the practice of budget investment shows inconsistencies and inconsistencies in terminology, forms and tools of legal regulation of investment activities. The Government of Ukraine has determined that strong investment activity in Ukraine requires consideration and implementation of modern regulations.
It is emphasized that there is no concept of “investment budget” in the current legislation, inconsistencies in the legal mechanism of their implementation, as well as analysis of the economic situation in some countries with different levels of gross product. low-income countries, the efficient use of public investment is problematic. It is established that budget investments have a special financial and legal nature, are regulated by financial and legal norms and a definition is provided. The features of budget investments as a powerful tool of state regulation of investment activities are identified and it is determined that the efficiency of investment depends on the economic justification of budget investment and legal support.
It is proved that the improvement of public investment activity is possible through the use of modern financial instruments, including budget investment, which is implemented by allocating funds accumulated in budgets for specific purposes. It is noted that the effectiveness of budget investment depends on a clear targeting of budget funds, their sufficient volume, the procedure established by law and the powers of investment entities. It is determined that the introduction of budget investment requires amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine, in particular Art. 2 “Definition of basic terms”. It is proposed to involve local governments and the public in investment activities. The author’s definition of «budget Investment» is offered.
Classification of types of public administration by the criterion of legal consequences
Authors: Zhukova Ye. 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article was to propose a classification of types of public administration based on the analysis of theoretical and legal sources according to the criterion of legal consequences.
The article clarified that the legal consequences in the field of public relations of public administration are embodied in various legal acts: licenses, certificates, certificates, as well as information and reference documents (certificates and extracts from unified and state registers). This situation is an external aspect of the emergence, change, termination or legalization of legal relations, which constitute the main content of legal consequences.
According to the legal consequences, the following most common types of public administration can be distinguished: registration; granting legal status; granting or cancellation of permission at the request of the customer; issuance of an order; licensing; certification; deregistration; agreement; making changes to the registers; attestation; providing a conclusion; contraction and expansion of economic activity; issuance of a state certificate; establishment of categories; assignment of ranks.
The argument is given that some types of public administration do not entail legal consequences. These include, in particular: consultations conducted by the staff of public administrations on the specifics of legislation and the rights of individuals and legal entities in certain areas of public relations; public discussion of draft regulatory acts that may not be approved or not approved without taking into account the positions of the parties to the discussion; planning, forecasting and evaluation of the results of public administration activities in certain areas of public relations; holding scientific and practical conferences, round tables, seminars and colloquia in order to discuss topical problems of public administration in certain areas and find ways to solve them.
Legal bases of appointment of the chairman and members of The Commission for regulation of gambling and lotteries
Authors: Profatilo K. 
Published: June 2022

The integral administrative and legal status of the Chairman and members of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries should comprehensively determine not only the competence and guarantees of activity, but also the procedure and grounds for their election and termination of powers. Today, the legal mechanism for appointing the Chairman and members of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries remains insufficiently developed and harmonized at the legislative and regulatory levels, which generally negatively affects the effectiveness of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries. This actualizes the analysis of the legal basis for appointment to the positions of Chairman and members of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries, the determine the nature and features of their appointment, as well as the justification of improving status of the Chairman and members of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries.
It’s established that the administrative and legal status of the Chairman and members of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries is characterized only by partial spread of the general procedure for appointment to civil service positions and the presence of (fragmentary and disorderly) special regulation of their competitive selection and appointment. It’s substantiated that improving the status of the Chairman and members of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries first of all requires eliminating the conflict over the subject and procedure of the competition for these positions, entrusting it to the Commission for Senior Civil Service. It also needs involving of public representatives, experts and scientists in such a competition, as well as the introduction of guaranteed remuneration to members of the competition committee. In addition, it should be eliminated inconsistencies and duplication of requirements for the Chairman and members, removed the formal requirement for their impeccable business reputation. The next step should be to extend the requirements for incompatibility to the relatives of the Chairman and members, as well as to establish additional requirements for a person who can be elected Chairman of the Commission for Regulation of Gambling and Lotteries.