bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia‐induced polypoid giant cancer cells in glioma promote the transformation of tumor‐associated macrophages to a tumor‐supportive phenotype
Authors: Liu Yuyang , Shi Ying , Wu Mengwan , Liu Jialin , Wu Hong , Xu Chuan , Chen Ling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsPolypoid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) represent a unique subgroup of stem‐like cells, acting as a critical factor in promoting the recurrence of various solid tumors. The effect of PGCCs on the tumor malignancy of glioma and its immune microenvironment remains unclear.MethodsBioinformatic analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between M2 tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration and survival of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. The spatial location of M2 TAMs in GBM was also investigated using the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (Ivy GAP) database. PGCCs were quantified in glioma of different grades. CoCl2 was used to induce PGCCs in cultures of A172 cells. PGCCs, and their progeny cells in cultures were further evaluated for morphological features, tumorsphere formation, and TAMs activation.ResultsThe magnitude of M2 TAMs infiltration is significantly correlated with poor survival in GBM patients. M2 TAMs were enriched in the perinecrotic zone (PNZ) of GBM and positively correlated with hypoxic levels. Increased PGCCs were detected in glioma specimens of higher grades. CoCl2 induced hypoxia and the transformation of A172 cultures into PGCCs, producing the progeny cells, PGCCs‐Dau, through asymmetric division. PGCCs and PGCCs‐Dau possessed tumor stem cell‐like features, while PGCCs‐Dau enhanced the polarization of TAMs into an M2 phenotype with relevance to immunosuppression and malignancy in GBM.ConclusionsPGCCs promote malignancy and immune‐suppressive microenvironment in GBM. PGCCs or their progeny cells may be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
Differences in strength, leg lean mass, and lifestyle factors between premenopausal and perimenopausal women
Authors: Cabre Hannah E. , Gould Lacey M. , Gordon Amanda N. , Giuliani‐Dewig Hayden K. , Moore Sam R. , Ryan Eric D. , Smith‐Ryan Abbie E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundMenopausal changes coupled with age‐related reductions in muscle strength can impact functionality.AimTo evaluate the differences in muscle strength, dominant leg lean mass (DLMleg), relative protein intake (r_PRO) and physical activity (PA) between premenopausal (PRE) and perimenopausal (PERI) women.MethodsTwenty‐four PRE‐ (age = 39.8 ± 3.3 years; BMI: 25.3 ± 5.0 kg/m2) and 24 PERI‐women (age = 50.0 ± 3.3 years; BMI: 26.5 ± 5.4 kg/m2) participated in leg extensor isometric peak force (PF), DLMleg, r_PRO and PA. Independent samples t‐tests and one‐way analyses of covariance covaried for age and DLMleg were used to compare groups.ResultsThe PRE group had significantly higher PF (mean difference ± standard error: 57.8 ± 28.0 N; p = 0.045) and DLMleg (0.7 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.031) when compared to the PERI group. There were no significant differences in r_PRO, or PA between groups (p = 0.173–0.423). When covaried for age and DLMleg, there was no significant difference in PF (p = 0.982 and 0.405, respectively).ConclusionsAge and DLMleg may be important contributors to menopause‐phase related differences in strength.
Automated classification of PET‐CT lesions in lung cancer: An independent validation study
Authors: Borrelli Pablo , Góngora José Luis Loaiza , Kaboteh Reza , Enqvist Olof , Edenbrandt Lars 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecently, a tool called the positron emission tomography (PET)‐assisted reporting system (PARS) was developed and presented to classify lesions in PET/computed tomography (CT) studies in patients with lung cancer or lymphoma. The aim of this study was to validate PARS with an independent group of lung‐cancer patients using manual lesion segmentations as a reference standard, as well as to evaluate the association between PARS‐based measurements and overall survival (OS).MethodsThis study retrospectively included 115 patients who had undergone clinically indicated (18F)‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT due to suspected or known lung cancer. The patients had a median age of 66 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 61–72 years). Segmentations were made manually by visual inspection in a consensus reading by two nuclear medicine specialists and used as a reference. The research prototype PARS was used to automatically analyse all the PET/CT studies. The PET foci classified as suspicious by PARS were compared with the manual segmentations. No manual corrections were applied. Total lesion glycolysis (TLG) was calculated based on the manual and PARS‐based lung‐tumour segmentations. Associations between TLG and OS were investigated using Cox analysis.ResultsPARS showed sensitivities for lung tumours of 55.6% per lesion and 80.2% per patient. Both manual and PARS TLG were significantly associated with OS.ConclusionAutomatically calculated TLG by PARS contains prognostic information comparable to manually measured TLG in patients with known or suspected lung cancer. The low sensitivity at both the lesion and patient levels makes the present version of PARS less useful to support clinical reading, reporting and staging.
TGF‐β1 peptide‐based inhibitor P144 ameliorates renal fibrosis after ischemia–reperfusion injury by modulating alternatively activated macrophages
Authors: Li Delun , Zhang Jian , Yuan Siyu , Wang Chao , Chang Jiakai , Tong Yan , Liu Ran , Sang Tian , Li Lili , Li Jijun , Ouyang Qing , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesIschemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of chronic renal fibrosis. Currently, numerous therapies have shown a minimal effect on the blockade of fibrosis progression. Here, the therapeutic potential of peptide‐based TGF‐β1 inhibitor P144 in IRI‐induced renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanism were analyzed.Materials and MethodsThe unilateral ischemia–reperfusion injury with the contralateral nephrectomy model was established, and the P144 was administered intravenously 1d/14d after the onset of IRI. The histopathology and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect renal fibrosis and macrophage infiltration. The in vivo fluorescence imaging was used to measure the bio‐distribution of P144. The transwell assays were used to observe the migration of macrophages. RT‐qPCR and western blot were used to analyze TGF‐β1 signaling.ResultsP144 ameliorated the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the kidney and improved the renal function in the unilateral ischemia–reperfusion injury plus contralateral nephrectomy model. Mechanistically, P144 downregulated the TGF‐β1‐Smad3 signaling at both the transcriptional and translational levels and further reduced the TGF‐β1‐dependent infiltration of macrophages to the injured kidney. Additionally, P144 blocked the polarization of macrophages to an M2‐like phenotype induced by TGF‐β1 in vitro, but showed no effect on their proliferation.ConclusionsOur study showed that the TGF‐β1 peptide‐based inhibitor P144 decreased renal fibrosis through the blockade of the TGF‐β1–Smad3 signaling pathway and the modulation of macrophage polarization, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in IRI‐induced renal fibrosis.
Association between perceived addiction and cessation behaviours among users of smokeless or combustible tobacco in India
Authors: Thawal Vaibhav P. , Tzelepis Flora , Ahmadi Sima , Paul Christine 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionAddiction to tobacco is one of the main drivers of continued tobacco use. This study explored whether perceived addiction, type of tobacco and demographic characteristics were associated with past quit attempts (PQA), intention and self‐efficacy to quit among combustible tobacco (CT) or smokeless tobacco (SLT) users in India.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among adult tobacco users (N = 607) attending an out‐patient department in Mumbai. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between demographic characteristics, type of tobacco, addiction perceptions and cessation behaviours.ResultsBeing ‘a little addicted’ (adjusted odds ratio, AOR [95% confidence interval, CI] 2.75 [1.83, 4.11],P < 0.0001) or ‘quite addicted’ (AOR [95% CI] 2.93 [1.53, 5.62],P < 0.0012) was associated with lower odds of making a PQA compared to ‘not addicted at all’. Being a SLT user (AOR [95% CI] 0.64 [0.41, 0.99],P = 0.047) and female (AOR [95% CI] 0.46 [0.26, 0.81],P = 0.0068) was associated with lower odds of making a PQA. There was a significant decrease in the odds of intention to quit as age increased by 1 year (AOR [95% CI] 0.98 [0.97, 0.99],P = 0.0018). Being identified as ‘a little addicted’ (AOR [95% CI] 0.28 [0.14, 0.55],P = 0.0003), ‘quite addicted’ (AOR [95% CI] 0.16 [0.07, 0.39],P < 0.0001) or ‘very addicted’ (AOR [95% CI] 0.09 [0.04, 0.19],P < 0.0001) was associated with lower odds of self‐efficacy to quit compared to ‘not addicted at all’.Discussion and ConclusionLack of awareness about addiction may inhibit cessation, particularly among less educated and female users of SLT and CT products.
Is there a human right to essential health care?
Authors: Hausman Daniel M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn Global Health Impact, Nicole Hassoun joins the ranks of those defending a right to health. Unlike the World Health Organization, which views this right expansively, Hassoun would limit the right to the health needed to enjoy a minimally good life. This essay argues that this right is difficult to specify and insufficient to support the policies Hassoun defends. The essay sketches an alternative view of the obligations of institutions to address health problems that derives from imperfect individual duties to aid those who are doing badly or who are at risk of harm.
Central and cardiac stress resilience consistently linked to integrated immuno‐neuroendocrine responses across stress models in male mice
Authors: Helman Tessa J. , Headrick John P. , Peart Jason N. , Stapelberg Nicolas J. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStress resilience, and behavioural and cardiovascular impacts of chronic stress, are theorised to involve integrated neuro‐endocrine/inflammatory/transmitter/trophin signalling. We tested for this integration, and whether behaviour/emotionality, together with myocardial ischaemic tolerance, are consistently linked to these pathways across diverse conditions in male C57Bl/6 mice. This included Restraint Stress (RS), 1 h restraint/day for 14 days; Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS), seven stressors randomised over 21 days; Social Stress (SS), 35 days social isolation with brief social encounters in final 13 days; and Control conditions (CTRL; un‐stressed mice). Behaviour was assessed via open field (OFT) and sucrose preference (SPT) tests, and neurobiology from frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampal transcripts. Endocrine factors, and function and ischaemic tolerance in isolated hearts, were also measured. Model characteristics ranged from no behavioural or myocardial changes with homotypic RS, to increased emotionality and cardiac ischaemic injury (with apparently distinct endocrine/neurobiological profiles) in CUMS and SS models. Highly integrated expression of HPA axis, neuro‐inflammatory, BDNF, monoamine, GABA, cannabinoid and opioid signalling genes was confirmed across conditions, and consistent/potentially causal correlations identified for (i) locomotor activity (noradrenaline, ghrelin; FC Crhr1, Tnfrsf1b, Il33, Nfkb1, Maoa, Gabra1; hippocampal Il33); (ii) thigmotaxis (adrenaline, leptin); (iii) anxiety‐like behaviour (adrenaline, leptin; FC Tnfrsf1a; hippocampal Il33); (iv) depressive‐like behaviour (ghrelin; FC/hippocampal s100a8); and (v) cardiac stress‐resistance (noradrenaline, leptin; FC Il33, Tnfrsf1b, Htr1a, Gabra1, Gabrg2; hippocampal Il33, Tnfrsf1a, Maoa, Drd2). Data support highly integrated pathway responses to stress, and consistent adipokine, sympatho‐adrenergic, inflammatory and monoamine involvement in mood and myocardial disturbances across diverse conditions.
The coloniality of labor: Migrant Black African youths' experiences of looking for and finding work in an Australian deindustrializing city
Authors: Kalemba Joshua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper explores migrant Black African youths' experiences of looking for and finding work in Newcastle, a deindustrializing Australian city. Data for this paper were drawn from interviews conducted with young people who migrated to Australia as temporary and permanent residents. Drawing on concepts of coloniality, racialization, bodywork, and hidden labor, this paper demonstrates how, when looking for work, participants' names get attached to their racialized bodies—a situation which deems them as suitable or not for specific kinds of work. Their strategies of finding work differ according to their migration status; that is, temporary residents draw on their personal networks, whereas some permanent residents with full citizenship rights rely on social welfare support services to find work. However, irrespective of the different strategies used to find work, they all end up doing jobs that they described as “work which others do not wish to do.” I argue that these experiences re‐articulate the coloniality of labor because, as workers in these jobs, they play a crucial role in the economic transformation taking place in the city due to deindustrialization. This is not merely because they form part of the workforce responsible for working in unwanted jobs, but because they are also consumers of Newcastle's emerging welfare support and educational services sectors. The paper contributes to an understanding of how race shapes the labor market experiences of racialized youth in deindustrializing labor markets.
Becoming a researching subject in the era of neoliberalism: Toward a theory of ethics
Authors: Shin Jaran 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study interrogates the influences of neoliberalism on applied linguistics research by engaging in critical reflections on my researcher subjectivity. Drawing on a longitudinal study of marginalized teenagers in South Korea, I examine how neoliberal forces have acted upon me as a subject and how I have maneuvered the neoliberal academic field. As I narrate and name my struggles that have originated from the ascendancy of neoliberalism, I show how I take up, reproduce, and withstand my neoliberal self. The inseparable link between neoliberalism and researcher subjectivity ultimately points to a theory of ethics—as a way to address not simply how to resist the forces of neoliberalism, but what kind of subjects we might want to become under the reign of neoliberalism.
Meta‐analysis: microbial inactivation in milk using pulsed electric field
Authors: Nabilah Uray Ulfah , Sitanggang Azis Boing , Dewanti‐Hariyadi Ratih , Sugiarto Anto Tri , Purnomo Eko Hari 
Published: June 2022

SummaryPulsed electric field (PEF) is a technology that can preserve milk into dairy products with sensory quality similar to fresh milk. Adoption of PEF at industrial level is challenging due to the various variables that may influence the microbial inactivation studies. This review aimed to quantify the inactivation effect by PEF on microbial population in milk through meta‐analysis. The literatures consisted of 15 studies with 384 data in the inclusion criteria which were extracted using Hedges'd method. The order of microbial resistance to PEF from the highest to lowest was bacterial spores, Gram‐positive, followed by Gram‐negative bacteria. The effect of pulse shape on microbial inactivation from the highest to lowest was bipolar square, monopolar square and monopolar exponentially decaying. Increasing the intensity of PEF processing parameters increased microbial inactivation. The processing parameters influencing microbial inactivation from the highest to lowest were pulse shape, inlet temperature, treatment time, pulse width, electric field, pulses number and frequency.
Micro X‐ray diffraction and elemental study on Al‐tobermorite formation in aged modern concrete
Authors: Aili Abudushalamu , Maruyama Ippei , Geng Guoqing , Umeki Shota , Sumitani Kazushi , Sawada Shohei , Ueda Shinya , Umeki Yoshito 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn modern Portland cement, calcium aluminum silicate hydrates (C‐A‐S‐H) do not generally form crystalline Al‐tobermorite. In this study, to identify the mechanism of Al‐tobermorite formation, synchrotron micro X‐ray diffraction and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy‐based energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) investigations were performed on a slice of a thick concrete wall in a nuclear power plant, where the presence of Al‐tobermorite was previously confirmed. Rietveld analysis of the diffraction diagrams obtained from the 2D diffraction patterns showed that Al‐tobermorite was formed almost everywhere in the cement paste near sandstone aggregate and that Al‐tobermorite platelets were distributed across most of the cement paste area in a random orientation. The basal spacing d‐value of Al‐tobermorite was identical and equal to 11.39 Å. The ratio plots from the EDS maps indicated that the chemical composition of the mixture of Al‐tobermorite and C‐A‐S‐H was almost homogeneous all around the cement paste. The Al‐tobermorite in this concrete is probably formed via a dissolution–precipitation process. From the random orientation even next to the surface of aggregate, we infer that the Al‐tobermorite formation does not need the surface of aggregate to precipitate.
Legislative Transparency in the European Parliament: Disclosing Legislators' Meetings with Interest Groups
Authors: Font Nuria , Pérez‐Durán Ixchel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch on transparency in the EU and at the European Parliament, in particular, has extensively examined the adoption and implementation of transparency initiatives as well as the conditions under which interest groups have access to and influence on EU policy‐making. However, the question of whether Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are transparent regarding their interactions with interest group representatives has been overlooked by the literature. This study addresses the question of the conditions under which MEPs are more likely to provide information about their meetings with interest groups. The study engages with institutional theory by emphasizing that formal and informal rules incentivize MEPs' behaviour. Drawing on a dataset on MEPs' reports on their meetings with interest group representatives, the study demonstrates that procedural rules, party's position on the cultural dimension and the national corruption tradition affect legislators' propensity to disclose information about their meetings with interest groups.
Excessive inflammatory response to infection in experimental peri‐implantitis: Resolution by Resolvin D2
Authors: Heyman Oded , Horev Yael , Mizraji Gabriel , Haviv Yaron , Shapira Lior , Wilensky Asaf 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe aetiology and pathogenesis of peri‐implantitis are currently under active research. This study aimed to dissect the pathogenesis of murine experimental peri‐implantitis and assess Resolvin D2 (RvD2) as a new treatment modality.Materials and MethodsFour weeks following titanium implant insertion, mice were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis using single or multiple oral lavages. RvD2 was administrated following infection, and tissues were analysed using flow cytometry, quantitative RT‐PCR, taxonomic profiling, and micro‐computed tomography.ResultsRepeated infections with Pg resulted in microbial dysbiosis and a higher influx of innate and adaptive leukocytes to the peri‐implant mucosa (PIM) than to gingiva surrounding the teeth. This was accompanied by increased expression levels of IFN‐α, IL‐1β, and RANKL\OPG ratio. Interestingly, whereas repetitive infections resulted in bone loss around implants and teeth, a single infection induced bone loss only around implants, suggesting a higher susceptibility of the implants to infection. Treatment with RvD2 prevented Pg‐driven bone loss and reduced leukocyte infiltration to the PIM.ConclusionsMurine dental implants are associated with dysregulated local immunity and increase susceptibility to pathogen‐induced peri‐implantitis. However, the disease can be prevented by RvD2 treatment, highlighting the promising therapeutic potential of this treatment modality.
Passive insider trading before pension freezes
Authors: Huang Wei , Qiu Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the patterns of insider trading surrounding pension freezes, a widespread corporate event that creates firm value and generates positive abnormal returns. We find that insiders—particularly nonsenior executive insiders (rather than senior executive insiders) and opportunistic traders (rather than routine traders)—effectively increase their net purchases by reducing their sales of company stocks 1 year before pension freezes. Such passive insider trading does not appear to be driven by liquidity needs or portfolio choices. Overall, our findings highlight the heterogeneity of insiders and limitation of existing insider trading regulations, calling for policy makers’ attention to this insider behavior.
Prevalence of symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction and related factors among Japanese female healthcare workers
Authors: Sawai Moe , Yuno Chikako , Shogenji Miho , Nakada Harumi , Takeishi Yoko , Kawajiri Maiko , Nakamura Yasuka , Yoshizawa Toyoko , Yoshida Mikako 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesWomen working in the medical field may be at risk for pelvic floor dysfunction due to high physical activity levels leading to increased abdominal pressure; however, the actual situation remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction and its associated factors among Japanese women working in the medical field.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among female employees at a public hospital in Japan from July to August 2020. Participants answered a web‐based questionnaire. Three types of symptoms related to pelvic floor dysfunction were assessed based on one or more subscale scores in the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory‐Short Form 20 (PFDI‐20).ResultsOut of 466 female employees in the hospital, 294 responded (response rate 63.1%). The mean age was 42.8 ± 10.3 years old and 221 (73.5%) were nurses. The prevalence of at least one type of symptom was 63.9%. The prevalence of recto‐anal symptoms (45.9%) was highest, followed by lower urinary tract (37.1%) and pelvic organ prolapse symptoms (22.8%). The total PFDI‐20 score was associated with constipation (β = .254), body mass index (β = .136), and part‐time work (β = .167) after adjusting for other variables.ConclusionThis study showed a high prevalence of symptoms related to pelvic floor dysfunction among women working in the medical field. Lifestyle management to prevent constipation and obesity is a promising strategy to improve symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction.
Remittances and domestic violence
Authors: Silverio‐Murillo Adan , Balmori de la Miyar Jose Roberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper estimates the effects of money transfers sent by relatives or acquaintances, better known as remittances, on intimate partner violence (IPV) against married women living in Mexico. Using three waves of a national state‐based representative survey specialized in violence against women, and state‐fixed effects regression models, the results show that receiving remittances increases the likelihood of IPV by 6%. We document several mechanisms for this detrimental effect of receiving remittances on IPV. Among these mechanisms, we find that receiving remittances is positively correlated to men's alcohol consumption, a factor associated with IPV, and that receiving remittances is negatively correlated to the probability of men being employed, suggesting that men exert violence against women to compensate for the lack of income with remittances.