bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welfare and Output With Income Effects and Taste Shocks
Authors: Baqaee David R , Burstein Ariel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a unified treatment of how welfare responds to changes in budget sets or technologies with taste shocks and nonhomothetic preferences. We propose a welfare metric that ranks production possibility frontiers that differs from one that ranks budget sets and characterize it using a general equilibrium generalization of Hicksian demand. This extends Hulten’s theorem, the basis for constructing aggregate quantity indices, to environments with nonhomothetic and unstable preferences. We illustrate our results using both long- and short-run applications. In the long run, we show that if structural transformation is caused by income effects or changes in tastes, rather than substitution effects, then Baumol’s cost disease is twice as important for our preferred measure of welfare. In the short run, we show that standard chain-weighted deflators understate welfare-relevant inflation for current tastes. Finally, using the COVID-19 recession, we illustrate that chain-weighted real consumption and real GDP are unreliable metrics for measuring welfare or production when there are taste shocks.
Identification in Interaction: Racial Mirroring between Interviewers and Respondents
Authors: Pickett Robert E M , Saperstein Aliya , Penner Andrew M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Previous research has established that people shift their identities situationally and may come to subconsciously mirror one another. We explore this phenomenon among survey interviewers in the 2004-2018 General Social Survey by drawing on repeated measures of racial identification collected after each interview. We find not only that interviewers self-identify differently over time but also that their response changes cannot be fully explained by several measurement-error related expectations, either random or systematic. Rather, interviewers are significantly more likely to identify their race in ways that align with respondents’ reports. The potential for affiliative identification, even if subconscious, has a range of implications for understanding race-of-interviewer effects, the social construction of homophily, and for how we consider causality in studies of race and racial inequality more broadly.
Re-exploring the nature of dual ownership in English trusts: a Scottish law perspective
Authors: Zhang Chi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Owing to the unique social and historical background, the ownership of trust assets of English trusts is divided into two parts, namely the ownership in common law, which is held by the trustee, and the ownership in equity which is held by the beneficiary. In consideration of the unified ownership principle in civil law jurisdiction, most scholars argued that there is no theoretical compatibility between the common law trust and civil law tradition. This article aims to re-explain the legal nature and economic functions of the dual ownership structure of English trusts by re-considering the origins of the trust in medieval England and comparing the practices of quasi-trust regimes in continental and mixed jurisdictions, and finally this article argues that the success of the Scottish trust in functioning as an equivalent asset management mechanism to the English trust may have provided an answer to the above paradox.
Evaluating dry vs. wet disinfection in boot baths on detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus RNA
Authors: Harrison Olivia L , Houston Grace E , Blomme Allison K , Otott Haley K , Bai Jianfa , Poulsen Porter Elizabeth G , Woodworth Jason C , Paulk Chad B , Gebhardt Jordan T , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaintaining biosecurity between swine barns is challenging, and boot baths are an easily implementable option some utilize to limit pathogen spread. However, there are concerns regarding their efficacy, especially when comparing wet or dry disinfectants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of boot baths in reducing the quantity of detectable porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genetic material using wet or dry disinfectants. Treatments included 1) control, 2) dry chlorine powder (Traffic C.O.P., PSP, LLC, Rainsville, AL), and 3) wet quaternary ammonium/glutaraldehyde liquid (1:256 Synergize, Neogen, Lexington, KY). Prior to disinfection, rubber boots were inoculated with 1 mL of a co-inoculants of PRRSV (1 × 105 TCID50 per mL) and PEDV (1 × 105 TCID50 per mL) and dried for 15 min. After the drying period, a researcher placed the boot on the right foot and stepped directly on a stainless steel coupon (control). Alternatively, the researcher stepped first into a boot bath containing either the wet or dry sanitizer, stood for 3 s, and then stepped onto a steel coupon. After one minute, an environmental swab was then collected and processed from each boot and steel coupon. The procedure was replicated 12 times per disinfectant treatment. Samples were analyzed using a duplex qPCR at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Cycle threshold values were analyzed using SAS GLIMMIX v 9.4 (SAS, Inc., Cary, NC). There was no evidence of a disinfectant × surface × virus interaction (P &gt; 0.10). An interaction between disinfectant × surface impacted (P &lt; 0.05) the quantity of detectable viral RNA. As expected, the quantity of the viruses on the coupon was greatest in the control, indicating that a contaminated boot has the ability to transfer viruses from a contaminated surface to a clean surface. Comparatively, the dry disinfectant treatment resulted in no detectable viral RNA on either the boot or subsequent coupon. The wet disinfectant treatment had statistically similar (P &gt; 0.05) viral contamination to the control on the boot, but less viral contamination compared to the control on the metal coupon. In this experiment, a boot bath with dry powder was the most efficacious in reducing the detectable viral RNA on both boots and subsequent surfaces.
Cadmium inhibits differentiation of human trophoblast stem cells into extravillous trophoblasts and disrupts epigenetic changes within the promoter region of the HLA-G gene
Authors: Ogushi Shoko , Nakanishi Tsuyoshi , Kimura Tomoki 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely distributed in the environment. Maternal whole-blood Cd levels during pregnancy are positively associated with the risk of early preterm birth. We hypothesized that Cd inhibits trophoblast differentiation, resulting in the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and a high risk of early preterm birth. Using the CT27 human trophoblast stem cell line, we found that exposing these cells to 0.1–0.4 µM Cd inhibited their differentiation into extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVTs). Supporting this finding, we found that expression of the metal-binding protein metallothionein, which suppresses the toxicity of Cd, is low in EVTs. We also found that Cd exposure changes the methylation status of the promoter region of the HLA-G gene, which is specifically expressed in EVTs. Together, these results suggest that Cd inhibits placental formation by suppressing trophoblast differentiation into EVTs. This suppression may underlie the increased risk of gestational hypertension in women with high whole-blood Cd levels.
Clinical, Microbiological Profile and Treatment Outcomes of Infants with BCG Adenitis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dash Nabaneeta , Verghese Valsan Philip , Rose Winsley , Michael Joy Sarojini , Rebekah Grace , Venkatesan Manigandan , Chacko Anila 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) adenitis is an uncommon complication following BCG vaccination. In rare cases, infants can develop other complications. Controversy exists regarding the diagnosis and management of these cases. Not much information is available in literature regarding their microbiological and immunological characteristics.

Methods
Electronic medical records of children presenting to the Pediatric Infectious Diseases clinic in a tertiary care hospital from January 2011–December 2020 with a diagnosis of BCG adenitis were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinical, microbiological, treatment and follow-up data were noted and analyzed.

Findings
During the study period, 40 infants presented with a probable diagnosis of BCG adenitis with or without disseminated BCG. Median age at symptom onset was 4(2.5–5.9) months. Nine infants had disseminated disease at presentation. Fifteen infants were suspected to have underlying immune deficiency of whom 12 had proven defects in immune function. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, presence of disseminated disease was the only factor predictive of underlying immunodeficiency. Isoniazid monoresistance was seen in seven cases (32%) of the 22 samples sent for TB cultures.

Conclusions
Though BCG adenitis runs a benign course, it could rarely be the first manifestation of an underlying immune defect. There is sizable isoniazid monoresistance, hence sending tissue samples for microbiologic evaluation is necessary to guide anti-tubercular therapy.
Feasibility of bubble non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, a first-in-human study
Authors: John Stephen C , Adhikari Bikash Raj , John Anna V , Cheng Eric O , Weiner Gary M , John Sunil P 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Infant respiratory distress is  a significant cause of mortality globally. Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a simple and effective therapy, but sicker infants may require additional support such as non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV). We investigated the feasibility of a simple, low-cost, non-electric bubble NIPPV device.

Methods
In this cross-over feasibility study, seven newborns with moderate respiratory distress (Downes score ≥ 3), weight &gt; 1500 g and gestational age &gt; 32 weeks were randomized to  4 h of treatment with bubble CPAP (5–8 cm H2O) vs. bubble NIPPV (Phigh 8–10 cm H2O/Plow 5–8 cm H2O) followed by 4 h of the alternate treatment. Treatment order (CPAP vs. NIPPV) was randomized. Outcome measures included hourly vital signs, Downes score and O2 saturation. Adverse events including pneumothorax, nasal septal necrosis, necrotizing enterocolitis and death before discharge were also recorded.

Results
It took nurses 39 (7.3) s to assemble the bubble NIPPV device. Patients had similar vital signs and Downes scores on both treatments; median (IQR) values on bubble CPAP vs. bubble NIPPV were: heart rate 140 (134.5, 144), 140 (134.5, 144); respiratory rate 70 (56, 80), 65 (58, 82), Downes score 4 (3, 5.75), 4 (3, 5), O2 96 (94, 98), 97 (96, 98). All newborns survived to discharge and there were no adverse events.

Conclusions
A simple, low-cost, non-electric method of providing NIPPV for newborns with respiratory distress is feasible in limited resource settings. Randomized-controlled trials comparing bubble CPAP and bubble NIPPV are justified.
Electronic Wearable Device Use for Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Li Mengchi , McPhillips Miranda V , Szanton Sarah L , Wenzel Jennifer , Li Junxin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Innovative solutions to help older adults increase physical activity are critically important. In this qualitative study, we explored older adults’ acceptance, capability, and experiences of using three different types of electronic wearable devices over a period of 4–24 weeks for self-monitoring and promoting physical activity. We conducted 23 semistructured interviews with older adults who participated in three physical activity intervention studies. Two researchers analyzed the data using NVivo version 12, applying a directed content analysis that was partially guided by the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). Six themes emerged: (1) device learning, (2) hedonic motivation, (3) habit and adherence, (4) facilitating conditions, (5) effort expectancy, and (6) performance expectancy. Although most older adults (95.8%) from this study were first-time users, they reflected positive experiences and generally enjoyed using electronic wearable devices. Participants reported issues related to electronic wearable device functionalities that can be improved to better enhance user experience and motivate increased physical activity. Future research should explore the role of electronic wearable devices in older adults’ physical activity with an emphasis on behavioral change over time.
Getting Ready for the Future, Is It Worth It? A Dual Pathway Model of Age and Technology Acceptance at Work
Authors: Fasbender Ulrike , Gerpott Fabiola H , Rinker Laura 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rapid technological advancements and global workforce aging shape the future of work. Drawing on the technology acceptance model, our study aims to connect the literature on aging with the research on technology use in organizations. At its heart, the technology acceptance model suggests that the two core components, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, predict the attitude toward a new technology. We connect these components with two age-related processes: first, we suggest a motivational pathway via future time perspective, including one’s perceived future opportunities and remaining time at work. Second, we propose a capability pathway via cognitive constraints, including one’s perceived struggle to process new information (i.e., perceived processing speed difficulties) and the perceived struggle to organize one’s work (i.e., perceived organization difficulties). Moreover, we explore digital leadership as a potential buffer to the detrimental relations between age and technology acceptance. We preregistered our hypotheses and tested them using three-wave data from 643 employees. Our findings support our hypotheses for the motivational pathway, showing that age is negatively linked to attitude toward new technology via future time perspective and subsequent perceived usefulness as well as perceived ease of use. Digital leadership buffered the negative indirect relations between age and attitude toward new technology. For the capability pathway, the results were the opposite of what we expected. Together, our findings put the link between age and technology acceptance into a more positive light than previous research and suggest that motivational and capability-related forces are interwoven in predicting attitude toward new technology.
Isolated, Nonsyndromic Mucocutaneous Plexiform Neurofibromas: A Systematic Review of the Clinicopathologic Features
Authors: Ho Jonathan D. , Ho James A.S. , Ruddock Rodane , Spencer Sherri-Ann 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Plexiform neurofibromas are benign neural tumors observed in association with neurofibromatosis. Isolated lesions exist. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature indexed in the PubMed/Medline database using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thirty-five studies describing isolated plexiform neurofibromas were included detailing 41 tumors. Isolated lesions occur in all age groups, in both sexes and in all races. Cutaneous and mucosal lesions were reported. Asymptomatic, slowly enlarging masses were the most common clinical presentation, but lesions could be painful. Trauma-associated lesions were uncommon, but reported. Histopathologic features were similar to syndromic counterparts, but well-circumscribed/encapsulated lesions, rare association with diffuse neurofibroma, lack of reported malignant degeneration, and rare named-nerve origin were observed. Excision was curative in many cases, but recurrence could occur. Plexiform neurofibromas occur without neurofibromatosis in a subset of patients with isolated tumors.
Cerebral hemodynamics response to dual-task paradigms in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lapanan Kulvara , Kantha Phunsuk , Nantachai Gallayaporn , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Maes Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a method to measure cerebral hemodynamics response. Changes in the prefrontal cortex during dual-tasking help to identify the risk of falling, particularly in older adults.AimsTo systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of dual-task paradigms on cerebral hemodynamics in older adults.MethodsThe search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. A total of 22 studies comprising 1,841 older adults were included in the meta-analysis.ResultsInhibitory control and working memory tasks significantly increased HbO2in the PFC by 0.54 (p< 0.01, 95%CI = 0.36 – 0.72) and 0.13 (p< 0.01, 95%CI = 0.08 – 0.18) μmol/L, respectively. Overall, HbO2was significantly increased during dual-task paradigms by 0.36 μmol/L (P< 0.01, 95%CI = 0.27 – 0.45). However, dual-task paradigms did not change HbR in the PFC (P= 0.14, 95%CI = -0.05 – 0.01).ConclusionCognitive tasks related to inhibitory control required greater cognitive demands, indicating higher PFC activation during dual-task walking in older adults. This finding emphasizes the significance of assessing hemodynamic responses under dual-task paradigms to detect the risk of falling in older adults at an early stage.
Clinical Profiles of children born with Orofacial Clefts: Results from Fourteen East African Countries
Authors: Belachew Fitsum Kifle , Gerbu Desta Galcha , Weldesenbet Ermiyas Belay , Abay Eleleta Surafel , Maswime Salome , Eshete Mekonen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundMore than 100,000 cleft lip and palate patients have benefited from reconstructive surgeries in Africa because of surgical support from non-governmental organizations such as Smile Train. The Smile Train Express is the largest cleft-centered patient registry with over a million records of clinical records, globally. In this study, we reviewed data from the east African patient registry to analyze and understand the clinical profiles of cleft lip and palate patients operated at Smile Train partner hospitals in East Africa.MethodA retrospective database review was conducted in all East African cleft lip and palate surgeries documented in the Smile Train database from November 2001 to November 2019.Results86,683 patient records from 14 East African countries were included in this study. The mean age was 9.1 years, the mean weight was 20.2kg and 19kg for males and females, respectively, and 61.8% of the surgeries were performed on male patients. Left cleft lip only (n=22,548, 28.4 %) and right cleft lip only (n=17862, 22.5%) were the most common types of clefts, with bilateral cleft lip only (n= 5712, 7.2%) being the least frequent. Complete right cleft lip with complete right alveolus was the most frequent cleft combination observed (n = 16,385) and Cleft lip to cleft lip and palate to cleft palate ratio (CL:CLP: CP) was 6.7:3.3:1. Unilateral primary lip-nose repairs were the most common surgeries (69%). General anesthesia was used for 74.6 % (52847) of the procedures.ConclusionMost children with cleft lip and/or palate were underweight, possibly due to malnutrition or related to socioeconomic status. There were more male patients compared to females, which could be related to gender disparities. Access to surgical care for children born with congenital defects needs to be improved, and inequities need to be addressed via more evidence-based collaborative intervention strategies.Highlights- More than 80,000 patient records from fourteen East African countries were analyzed in this study to describe orofacial clefts.- Orofacial clefts were found most commonly in males, accounting for over 62% of all cases.- To improve cleft care in East Africa, there is a greater need for evidence-based implementation of programs, research collaboration, and data-centric advocacy efforts.
Incidence, predictors and cognitive dysfunction in post-traumatic epilepsy following a traumatic brain injury: A study protocol
Authors: Ngadimon Irma Wati , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq , Mohan Devi , Khoo Ching Soong , Cheong Wing Loong , Aledo-Serrano Angel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractApproximately 69 million people worldwide are annually affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI). In Malaysia, the traumatic injury was the leading cause of hospital admission and death, accounting for one in three emergency visits. Among the most recognised complication of TBI is post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), which is an essential contributor to morbidity and mortality. However, there is a lack of local epidemiological data on PTE in Malaysia. This study aims to describe the incidence and predictors of PTE among TBI patients admitted to a tertiary healthcare centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We hypothesised that increases in age, race, and severity of brain injury are among the main potential predictors of PTE. It will also provide evidence that patients with epilepsy following TBI are associated with significant impairment in cognitive performance than TBI patients without epilepsy. An analysis of a two years retrospective cohort will be employed, of which adults with a history of admission for TBI in 2019 and 2020 will be contacted, and the development of epilepsy will be ascertained using a validated tool and confirmed by our neurologists during visits. The patients will then be grouped into two, with PTE and without PTE, and assessed their cognitive performance by clinical psychologists. Given that the management of TBI and PTE patients involves a multidisciplinary team, the findings might be significant to many healthcare providers in determining policy and strategise a better treatment.
A bi-functional PARP-HDAC inhibitor with activity in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Ramos Louise , Truong Sarah , Zhai Beibei , Joshi Jay , Ghaidi Fariba , Lizardo Michael M. , Shyp Taras , Adomat Hans , Le Bihan Stephane , Collins Colin , Bacha Jeffrey , Brown Dennis , Langlands John , Shen Wang , Lallous Nada , Sorensen Poul H. , Daugaard Mads 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHDAC inhibition has been shown to induce pharmacological BRCAness in cancer cells with proficient DNA repair activity. This provides a rationale for exploring combination treatments with HDAC and PARP inhibition in cancer types that are insensitive to single-agent PARP inhibitors. Here, we report the concept and characterization of a novel bifunctional PARP inhibitor (kt-3283) with dual activity towards PARP1/2 and HDAC enzymes in Ewing sarcoma cells. Compared to the FDA-approved PARP (olaparib) and HDAC (vorinostat) inhibitors, kt-3283 displayed enhanced cytotoxicity in Ewing sarcoma models. The kt-3283-induced cytotoxicity was associated with a strong S and G2/M cell cycle arrest in the nanomolar concentration range and elevated DNA damage as assessed by γH2AX tracking and comet assays. In three-dimensional spheroid models of Ewing sarcoma, kt-3283 showed efficacy in lower concentrations than olaparib and vorinostat and kt-3283 inhibited colonization of Ewing sarcoma cells in anex vivolung metastasis model. In summary, our data demonstrates the preclinical justification for studying the benefit of dual PARP and HDAC inhibition in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma in a clinical trial and provides proof-of-concept for a bi-functional single-molecule therapeutic strategy.