bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Film Wrapping to Alleviate Chilling Injury of Bell Peppers during Cold Storage
Authors: Miller W. R. , Risse L. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), individually wrapped in plastic film or nonwrapped, were held 7, 14, or 21 days at 1°, 4°, or 7°C plus an additional 5 days at 15° to evaluate the effect of film wrapping on chilling injury. Film wrapping did not reduce the incidence of visible chilling injury on either pericarp or seeds. Chilling injury was progressively more severe the lower the storage temperature.
Effects of Vegetable Oils, CO2, and Film Wrapping on Chilling Injury and Decay of Lemons
Authors: McDonald R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Film wrapping or holding for 3 days at 21°C reduced chilling injury (CI) and decay of ‘Bearss’ lemons (Citrus limon Burm. f.) stored at 1° for 21 days plus 14 days at 21°. Prestorage treatments of 40% CO2 for 3 days at 21° or dips in 2%, 10%, or 20% vegetable oils were not effective in reducing CI or decay during a similar storage and holding period. The use of 10 μl·liter−1 ethylene to degreen lemons significantly increased CI and decay compared to degreening without ethylene, especially when lemons were stored at 1°.
Effect of Postharvest Moisture Stress on the Keeping Qualities of Douglas-fir Christmas Trees
Authors: Chastagner Gary A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
On placement of their freshly cut bases in water, cut douglas-fir Christmas trees, which had dried to −2.0 or −3.0 MPa, rehydrated to about −1.0 MPa within 24 hr, and limited needle loss occurred as their water potential gradually decreased to − 6.0 MPa during display. Only 90% and 75% of the trees, dried to water potentials of −4.0 or −5.0 MPa, respectively, rehydrated when placed in water, and water potentials of these trees increased to −1.9 and −2.8 MPa, respectively. About 40% of the trees dried to −4.0 or −5.0 MPa exhibited severe needle loss, characterized by complete abscission of fresh-appearing needles from the stem within a few days of rehydration. These data indicate that douglas-fir has a threshold water potential between − 3.0 and − 4.0 MPa. When trees were allowed to dry to or below this threshold, tree quality was significantly reduced.
Response of Eggplant to a Root Environment Enriched with CO2
Authors: Baron J. J. , Gorski S. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Several elevated concentrations of CO2 were injected into the root atmosphere to determine the influence of CO2 concentration in the soil on the growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Elevated CO2 levels in the root atmosphere consistently increased stem diameter while a significant increase in plant total dry weight and leaf area only occurred during long day/warm temperature conditions. Under periods of short days and low light levels, 15% CO2 reduced total dry weight and leaf area. Applications of 14CO2 to the root zone demonstrated that 14C eggplant roots absorb CO2 from the soil environment and translocate labeled compounds into the shoot.
Stimulation of Plant Growth in Pumpkin by Ozone
Authors: Rajput C. B. S. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. cv. Large Round) seedlings were exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 μl·liter−1 ozone for 6 hr·day−1 for 3 days. The naturally chlorotic zones of the leaf became green after ozone exposure. Rate of seedling development was not changed by the ozone treatments, but shoot fresh and dry weights were increased by the 0.2 or 0.4 μl·liter−1 ozone concentrations.
Evidence for a Short-day Flowering Response in Heliconia stricta ‘Dwarf Jamaican’
Authors: Criley Richard A. , Kawabata Osamu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A seasonal pattern of flowering was observed in field production records of Heliconia stricta Huber. ‘Dwarf Jamaican’. That this seasonality could be photoperiod-related was indicated in greater yields for plants grown under 8-hr daylengths for 6 weeks when compared to plants given natural daylengths (about 13.5 hr). Depending on the capacity of the plant to respond to photoperiod, 3 or 4 weeks of short daylength (SD) were sufficient durations for flower initiation. Leaf number affected the response, as only 4% of pseudostems with <3 leaves at the onset of SD yielded flowers, while 91% of pseudostems with ≥4 leaves at the onset of SD produced flowers. From the start of SD, about 13 weeks were required for development of the inflorescence to anthesis for pseudostems starting with ≥4 leaves.
Variation Within Vaccinium darrowi Blueberry in Florida
Authors: Lyrene P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ten colonies of Vaccinium darrowi Camp were sampled at each of 9 sites in the Florida panhandle and 6 sites in and around the Ocala National Forest in the central Florida peninsula. The colonies averaged 53 cm tall in the panhandle, with leaves 9.8 mm long and 4.1 mm wide. By contrast, colonies in the peninsula averaged 136 cm tall—well outside the range described for the species—with leaves 12.7 mm long and 5.7 mm wide. The species was diploid and entirely evergreen in both regions. In the central Florida peninsula, natural hybrids between V. darrowi and a 3-m tall, deciduous, diploid race of highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) are common where streams and lakes border the dry scrub habitat of V. darrowi. The robust form of V. darrowi in the Florida peninsula may have evolved from the petite form in the panhandle as a result of introgression from the highbush coupled with selection for characteristics that enhance survival on the deep, xeric sands of the peninsula. V. darrowi from the central peninsula has characteristics that make it valuable in breeding blueberry cultivars.
‘Hidalgo’ Serrano Pepper
Authors: Villalon Benigno 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The major diseases responsible for the decline of profitable pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production in Texas have been the potato-Y-type viruses. This viral complex also causes major losses in the pungent serrano-type pepper. The hot serrano, one of about 20 different cultivated types, has fruits that may be between 2 to 10 cm long by 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter, conical to cylindrical and tapering to a pointed or blunt end. It is grown throughout the United States but is most popular in the southwest.
Pear Fruit Growth and the Use of Diameter to Estimate Fruit Volume and Weight
Authors: Mitchell P. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
From the mean of weekly measurements of diameter, volume, and weight of the pear (Pyrus communis L. ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Packham Triumph’), equations were developed for predicting fruit volume and weight from diameter. Equations also are presented for the relationship between days from full bloom and diameter and length (linearly related) and volume, fresh weight, and dry weight (curvilinearly related).
Nitrogen Source Effects on Growth and Tissue Content of Selected Foliage Plants
Authors: Conover Charles A. , Poole Richard T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nine nitrogen fertilizer treatments composed of 25% NH4:75% NO3, 50% NH4:50% NO3, 75% NH4:25% NO3, 25% urea:75% NO3, 50% urea:50% NO3, 75% urea:25% NO3, 100% NH4, 100% urea, and 100% NO3 were applied to Aglaonema Schott, × Silver Queen, Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Camille’, Aphelandra squarrosa Nees ‘Dania’, Chamaedorea elegans Mart., Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott. ‘Florida Ruffle’, Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr., and Philodendron scandens oxycardium (Schott) Bunt. Growth and grade of Dieffenbachia and Nephrolepis were not influenced by N source, whereas Aglaonema and Philodendron were improved when they received N sources containing 25% to 100% NH4-N or 100% urea-N. Aphelandra, Chamaedorea, and Peperomia responded to N source, but differences were of no commercial significance.
ACC and Ethylene Levels in ‘d’Anjou’ Pears in Air and Controlled-atmosphere Storage
Authors: Blankenship Sylvia M. , Richardson Daryl G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘d’Anjou’ pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) stored at −1°C for 125 days in 3% O2, or 153 days in 1% O2 storage had internal ethylene levels equal to those of air-stored fruit. Fruit softened faster during subsequent ripening at 20° after 1% or 3% O2 storage than after air storage. Endogenous ACC levels were 20 times higher in fruit stored in 1% or 3% O2 compared to air-stored fruit. Exogenous application of 5 mm ACC stimulated at 2-fold increase in ethylene production from 1% O2-stored fruit and a 4-fold increase in air-stored fruit. When 5 mm ACC, in combination with 0.05 mm cycloheximide (CHI), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, were supplied exogenously to disks cut from pears stored in air or 1% O2, the air-stored fruit produced 100 times more ethylene than 1% O2-stored fruit. Increased internal ethylene levels and accelerated softening during ripening of 1% or 3% O2-stored fruit suggests the need for rapid marketing of this fruit as compared to air-stored fruit. Chemical names used: 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC), 3-[2(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl glutarimide (cycloheximide).
Girdling as a Means of Shortening the Juvenile Period of Avocado Seedlings
Authors: Lahav E. , Zamet D. , Gazit S. , Lavi U. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shortening the juvenile period is highly important for fruit tree breeding projects. Four girdling dates were tested in an attempt to shorten the juvenile period in 9 crosses of 3-year-old avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seedlings. Early September girdling was more effective than later or no girdling. It increased flowering intensity significantly, increased the percentage of seedlings that set from 15% to 66%, and increased 7-fold the number of fruits harvested per seedling as compared with the ungirdled control.
Variance Components and Sampling Procedures for Fruit Size and Quality in Sour Cherry
Authors: Iezzoni A. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit from 2 trees of each of 17 sour cherry cultivars were harvested in 1983 and 1984 and evaluated for 6 traits: fruit diameter and length, fruit firmness, soluble solids, and pit length and width. The amount and relative importance of the genetic and environmental variability were determined and used to develop a sampling scheme required for a specific level of genetic discrimination. Genetic differences accounted for the major component of the variability for fruit diameter and length and pit length and width. Soluble solids was the only trait with a significant year variation and year × cultivar interaction. In general, 5 fruit per tree and 2 trees per cultivar would detect the desired differences for fruit diameter and length and pit length and width, while a larger number of replications would be necessary to detect genetic differences for fruit firmness and soluble solids.
A Comparison of Two Methods for Measurement of Fruit Strength in Red Raspberry
Authors: Robbins JoAnn , Sjulin Tom 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit strength in red raspberry was measured using a cohesion method that determines the force required to pull a fruit apart. This method was compared to the compression method, which measures the force required to flatten the fruit. Fruit maturity significantly affected accuracy; the cohesion method was most variable for ripe fruit. A relatively low coefficient of variation across all maturity types indicates that the compression method is preferable for between-maturity comparisons, using a log transformation to produce variance homogeneity. With both methods, red ripe-stage raspberries showed significant differences between clones; the coefficients of variation for each method were similar within each clone. Variances were homogeneous using either method. The cohesion method gave relatively low absolute measurements that were highly correlated with those obtained using the compression method. Therefore, either method should be acceptable for measurements made within one maturity type.
Methods of Studying Root Systems in the Field
Authors: Taylor H. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growing plants require photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), water, 15 to 20 elements (37), and the absence of lethal factors. Although most of the water and mineral elements used by plants is absorbed by roots, root systems have been studied in much less detail than plant tops. Part of this deficiency may be due to the “out of sight, out of mind” syndrome, but most of the deficiency occurs because root studies usually are much more time-consuming, more labor-intensive, and more costly than shoot studies. As one example, several related experiments were conducted during the 1979 growing season to obtain insight into the reason(s) why narrow-row soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. ‘Wayne’) outyield soybeans grown in conventional meter-wide rows (2, 13, 16, 17, 21, 22, 25, 34). Much more data were collected above-ground than below the soil surface, but the above-ground measurements required only about one-half as much labor as the below-ground measurements.
Root Systems in Relation to Stress Tolerance
Authors: Miller D. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Roots anchor the plant in the soil, absorb and translocate water and nutrients, synthesize and transport growth regulators and other organic compounds, provide a sink for carbohydrates from the shoots, and in some species act as storage organs. Most research on roots has dealt with their role in absorption. Root characteristics that affect the area of absorbing surface are important, i.e., root length density, number and type of root hairs, and mycorrhizal relations. With nutrients that diffuse slowly in the soil, such as P and K, root density is especially important. Factors that reduce root growth may injure the plant by reducing the volume and intensity of soil exploration. Fortunately, plants produce more roots than are needed for normal growth–insurance that the plant can survive stresses, purchased at a cost of the increased photosynthate and other materials required for the extra root production.
Genetic Variability in Root Systems Associated with Nutrient Acquisition and Use
Authors: Gabelman W. H. , Gerloff G. C. , Schettini Terry , Coltman Robert 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Variability within the plant kingdom for nutrient acquisition and use reflects differences in root morphology and differences in mechanisms that either aid or prevent ion movement into the root. This variability implies genetic variance, yet few genetic studies have been completed. Methods of studying acquisition and their application to genetic research and interpretation are presented for K, Ca, and P.
Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Vegetable Crops
Authors: Miller J. Creighton , Rajapakse Sriyani , Garber Randall K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mycorrhiza refers to a mutualistic, symbiotic relationship formed between fungi (Gr. mukes) and living roots (Gr. rhiza) of higher plants. These associations are prevalent among most plant species and have been observed in most vegetables except the Cruciferae and Chenopodiaceae. In fact, some vegetables do not appear to grow or develop normally without mycorrhizae. In addition to their wide distribution in the plant kingdom, these nonpathogenic relationships are geographically ubiquitous. Thus, the mycorrhizal condition is the rule, as both host plant and fungus specificity is minimal and usually not observed.
Split-root Water Application to Highbush Blueberry Plants
Authors: Abbott John D. , Gough R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Watered split-root portions of 2-year-old plants of ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) exhibited significantly greater shoot dry weight, shoot thickness, shoot length, mean number of shoots, and leaf dry weight than nonwatered portions. Watered portions blossomed, produced fruit, and set new flower buds while existing flower buds died and no new flower buds formed on the nonwatered portions.
Resistance of Cucumber Lines to Rhizoctonia solani Damping-off: Not Related to Fruit Rot Resistance
Authors: Booy Gerdien , Wehner Todd C. , Jenkins Samuel F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of 35 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines were evaluated for resistance to damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Five variables were measured, with the corrected disease rating (a rating for disease severity including a correction for seed vigor) being the most useful. Differences in resistance occurred among the lines, with ratings varying from 1.5 to 5.9 on a 0 (no disease) to 9 (plant dead) scale. The ratings for damping-off resistance were compared with ratings collected previously for rhizoctonia fruit rot resistance. The correlations were low and nonsignificant (r = −0.19 to −0.10). Thus, the damping-off test would not be a good substitute for the fruit rot test.
Seedling Screening Techniques to Select High-yielding Genotypes of Sweet Potato
Authors: Bouwkamp J. C. , McArdle R. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Selection of seedlings for early development of storage roots, either directly or indirectly using cold temperature (7°-10°C), increased the proportion of high-yielding genotypes in subsequent populations. Although both techniques described are somewhat inefficient, retaining some low- and high-yielding genotypes, they may be useful in selection at the seedling stage, permitting the breeder to evaluate a larger number of seedlings.
A Hypothesis for Inheritance of Resistance to Cane Botrytis in Red Raspberry
Authors: Daubeny Hugh A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reaction to cane Botrytis was determined for 43 red raspberry cultivars and selections and for seedlings of 25 progenies. Although there were some variations in relative reactions, it was possible to class the cultivars and selections as resistant or susceptible after examinations in at least two years. Segregations in the seedling populations suggested that two gene pairs might be involved in the reaction to the disease with the presence of at least two dominant genes necessary to give a resistant reaction. Postulated genotypes should be of predictive value in the choice of parents.
An Automated Apparatus for Measuring Root Length
Authors: Barnett C. E. , White R. A. , Petrovic A. M. , Good G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root lengths of an adventitious root system (creeping bentgrass, Agrostis palustris Huds.) and a woody plant fiberous root system (Hetz juniper, Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Hetzii’) were estimated using an automated method employing a video camera and an area/length meter to count scanning line and root intersections. A grid method of root length estimation was used for comparison. Under- and overestimation was random when the automated method was used for creeping bentgrass samples (<80 cm) and the shorter group of juniper root samples (150-550 cm). However, these estimates were much closer to the actual root length, in the ranges evaluated, than the estimates from the grid method. The lengths of long juniper root samples (600-3000 cm) were underestimated consistently with the automated method. The magnitude of this underestimation increased with increasing length. However, the relationship between estimated and actual root length remained linear and was about 76% of the actual length. For the ranges of root length evaluated, this method was found to be useful for root length estimation.
GARDPLAN—an Integrated Data Base Program for Vegetable Gardening in North Dakota
Authors: Smith R. C. , Askew R. G. , Egeberg R. , Franklund D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vegetable garden planning software for personal computers is gaining in popularity (3). The program described herein (GARD-PLAN) provides a listing of vegetable crops from which the user makes selections. Cultural recommendations are made, and yields are projected based on the selections made in the program. A 3-year study to determine the dollar value of vegetable gardens in the 40 counties in North Dakota showed that the average value per garden was about $400, with the highest-valued garden at over $1200 (1). Therefore, vegetable gardening can result in significant savings relative to fresh produce purchased during the growing season.
‘Sumor’, A Multi-use Sweet Potato
Authors: Dukes P. D. , Hamilton M. G. , Jones Alfred , Schalk J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Sumor’, a multi-use sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], was developed jointly by the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, and Clemson Univ., South Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Edisto Research and Education Center. This cultivar has potential as a high dry matter type for ethanol production and as a white-fleshed garden potato.
‘Chippewa’ and ‘Huron’ Viburnum
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Viburnum japonicum (Thunb.) Spreng. × Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. ‘Chippewa’ and Viburnum lobophyllum Graebn. × V. japonicum ‘Huron’ are the first two semi-evergreen cultivars introduced that combine the heavy red fruiting of deciduous species with the evergreen characteristics of V. japonicum. Although the two cultivars have different parental species, the growth habits, flowering, fruiting, and foliage characteristics are similar. The most obvious difference is that ‘Chippewa’ (Fig. 1) has a broad obovate, lustrous leaf; whereas ‘Huron’ (Fig. 2) has a dull, more elliptic obovate leaf. ‘Chippewa’ and ‘Huron’ are the 16th and 17th Viburnum cultivar introductions from the U.S. National Arboretum shrub breeding project (1-7).
Soil Matric Potential, Plant Water Relations, and Growth in Asparagus
Authors: Wilcox-Lee Darlene 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil moisture treatments were initiated in a greenhouse study using 14-weekold asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Jersey Giant) seedlings. Treatments consisted of drying pots to a minimum soil matric potential ranging from –0 .0 5 to –1 .5 MPa prior to rewatering. After 10 weeks, root and fern dry weights, fern height, and shoot number were reduced by reducing soil moisture, with the largest decreases occurring between soil matric potentials of –0 .0 5 and –0 .1 MPa. Root : shoot ratios increased with decreasing soil moisture. In a growth chamber study, 4-month-old seedlings were watered to pot capacity and allowed to dry to a soil matric potential of —1.5 MPa. Xylem potential, relative water content (RWC), and shoot growth were measured daily as soil dried from field capacity to —1.5 MPa. Xylem potential was correlated with growth or RWC. Shoot growth ceased at a fern xylem potential of —1.8 MPa. RWC was reduced from ≈95% at pot capacity to 80% at a soil matric potential of — 1.5 MPa. These data indicate that asparagus exhibits characteristics of drought-tolerance. However, despite its apparent drought-tolerance, maximum growth occurs in young asparagus plants when soil water potential is close to field capacity, indicating that consistent irrigation would be beneficial in newly established plantings.
Increased Yield in Slicing Cucumbers with Vertical Training of Plants and Reduced Plant Spacing
Authors: Hanna H. Y. , Adams A. J. , Story R. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In field experiments conducted during 2 years, substantial yield increases were obtained with vertically trained (staked) cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) over vining plants (unstaked). The marketable yield was doubled in some instances, and fruit rot was reduced significantly. More female flowers set and developed into marketable fruits on vertically trained plants than on vining plants. The fresh weight, length, and width of the leaves on the main stem of the staked plants prior to the first harvest were also greater than on unstaked plants. The staked plant fresh weight prior to the first harvest and after the last harvest was significantly greater than that of unstaked plants, but both had the same number of female flowers. Reducing within- row plant spacing from 30 to 15 cm significantly increased yield. Weekly foliar fertilization with 1.5N-0.4P-0.6K (kg·ha−1) for 8 weeks did not increase yield.