bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When is a law firm liable for a data breach? An exploration into the legal liability of ransomware and cybersecurity
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes , Wittmann Chiara 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The threat of cybercrime is pervasive. Corporations cannot be convinced, out of sheer luck or naïve conviction, that they will remain unaffected. When targeted, the stark reality is that a company also incurs a liability risk. This paper aims to explore the boundaries of liability resulting from a data breach and privacy concerns according to the emerging regulations on cybersecurity.

Design/methodology/approach
The nature of cybercrime and its constant evolution is analysed as a threat of liability. Its distinctly modern developments require consideration. In response to the threat of hackers, the protection that a corporation can invoke is also considered as a mitigating factor in ascribing liability.

Findings
Preventative steps to protect a corporation from cyberthreats must remain a consistent priority in the running of a company. The influence of human behaviour has become a foreseeable element in cybersecurity and as such the management of unreliable user behaviour is a key determining factor in ascribing liability in hindsight.

Originality/value
Foresight is everything in the prevention of cyberattacks. Cyberattacks can no longer be dismissed as an unlikely eventuality. Legislation on data security and data privacy is demanding higher standards of preventative action, under the duty of care to stakeholders. There is a substantial literature deficit on data security and data liability regulations in light of the liability risk incurred by cyberattacks.
An empirical study of collection assessment based on the quality–utility–value theory
Authors: Ping An 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to build a more scientific and refined collection assessment indicator system and examine the state of the collections, and adjusting collection development planning.Design/methodology/approachTo analyze the weaknesses in the current assessment indicator system, advance the quality–utility–value Theory of collection assessment, introduce the advantages of the theory, use it to construct a collection assessment indicator system and clarify the content of each assessment indicator.FindingsEmpirical analysis of the foreign language collection of the National Library of China verified the scientific nature and feasibility of the assessment indicator system based on the quality–utility–value Theory.Research limitations/implicationsThe indicator system should be more detailed according to the needs, and the scoring standard can be clearer.Practical implicationsAccording to the quality–utility–value Theory or based on such an assessment indicator system, libraries can build an indicator system related to their own libraries.Social implicationsBuilding a good collection assessment, it is very important In today’s library tight funds, after the outbreak of COVID-19. With the value dimension, the collection assessment of the library is more objective, comprehensive and three-dimensional.Originality/valueThis paper considers how to construct a collection assessment indicator system with the new theory, the quality–utility–value Theory; it is three-dimensional. Well, the collection value is not clearly measured and expressed in the indicator system before. Using this theory, this paper makes an empirical study on the evaluation of the foreign language collection of the National Library of China.
Historical context modifies plant diversity–community productivity relationships in alpine grassland
Authors: Luo Shan , Bardgett Richard D. , Schmid Bernhard , Johnson David , Png Kenny , Schaffner Urs , Zhou Huakun , Yao Buqing , Hou Xiangyang , Ostle Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

While most studies yield positive relationships between biodiversity (B) and ecosystem functioning (EF), awareness is growing that BEF relationships can vary with ecological context. The awareness has led to increased efforts to understand how contemporary environmental context modifies BEF relationships, but the role of historical context, and the mechanisms by which it may influence biodiversity effects, remains poorly understood.

We examined how historical context alters plant diversity–community productivity relationships via plant species interactions in alpine grassland. We also tested how historical context modifies interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which can potentially mediate the above processes.

We studied biodiversity effects on plant community productivity at two grassland sites with different histories related to grazing intensity—heavy versus light livestock grazing—but similar current management. We assembled experimental communities of identical species composition with plants from each of the two sites in disturbed soil from a contemporary heavily grazed grassland, ranging in species richness from one to two, three and six species. Moreover, we carried out a mycorrhizal hyphae‐exclusion experiment to test how plant interactions with AM fungi influence plant responses to historical context.

We detected a significantly positive diversity–productivity relationship that was driven by complementarity effects in communities composed of plants from the site without heavy‐grazing history, but no such relationship in plant communities composed of plants from the site with heavy‐grazing history. Plants from the site with heavy‐grazing history had increased competitive ability and increased yields in low‐diversity communities but disrupted complementarity effects in high‐diversity communities. Moreover, plants of one species from the site with heavy‐grazing history benefitted more from AM fungal communities than did plants from the site without such history.

Synthesis. Using the same experimental design and species, communities assembled by plants from two sites with different historical contexts showed different plant diversity–community productivity relationships. Our results suggest that historical context can alter plant diversity–community productivity relationships via plant species interactions and potentially plant–soil interactions. Therefore, considering historical contexts of ecological communities is of importance for advancing our understanding of long‐term impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on ecosystem functioning.
Is there a sex gap in outcomes of comparable patients supported with left ventricular assist devices?
Authors: Li Tong , Mariani Silvia , Bounader Karl , Boethig Dietmar , Schöde Alexandra , Homann Katharina , Hanke Jasmin S. , Napp L. Christian , Merzah Ali Saad , Dogan Guenes , Haverich Axel , Schmitto Jan D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesHistorically, females were described as suffering from worse outcomes after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. However, females' preoperative conditions are unique, making direct comparisons with males challenging. This study aimed to select through propensity score (PS) matching two preoperatively comparable populations of females and males and test if any real sex‐related difference exists regarding survival and adverse events after LVAD implantation.MethodsThis retrospective single‐center observational study investigated patients who received LVAD implantation between 2010 and 2018. PS matching was applied to balance preoperative heterogeneity between males and females. Primary endpoint was survival at follow‐up. Secondary endpoints included perioperative outcomes and LVAD‐related adverse events.Results92 fully comparable females(n = 46) and males(n = 46) were selected after PS matching (median age:57 years, min–max:18–75). 26.1% of patients required preoperative mechanical circulatory support. Females needed more intraoperative fresh frozen plasma (p < 0.001) and platelets transfusions (p = 0.008) compared to males, but postoperative outcomes were comparable between groups. In‐hospital, 1 and 2‐year survival were 78.3%, 69.6% and 65.2%, respectively, with no differences between groups. Survival probability remained comparable up to 8 years of follow‐up (p = 0.35). Overall, females showed a higher rate of strokes (p = 0.039) compared to males in the follow‐up time.ConclusionsAfter reducing preoperative heterogeneity between females and males, survival after LVAD implantation does not differ based on sex. However, differences might exist in terms of higher transfusions and strokes in females. Reducing preoperative sex disparities and developing intraoperative and anticoagulation strategies which acknowledge sex‐related variations might help abolishing differences in LVAD outcomes.
‘It was doing my head in’: Low‐paid multiple employment and zero hours work
Authors: Smith Andrew , McBride Jo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores the lived experiences and working time complexities of low‐paid workers in legitimate multiple employment and zero hours work. Based on detailed qualitative research, these workers have 2, 3, 4, 5 and even 7 different jobs out of necessity due to low‐pay, unpredictable working hours and employment precarity. The research reveals that workers need to be available for (potential) work at any point but may not actually be offered any hours, which we argue constitutes unremunerated labour time. The findings highlight a densification of working time with zero hours work as employers maximize productive effort into specifically numbered, demarcated and minimized working hours, which tightens the porosity of labour. There is a dual fragmentation and individualization of employment, as these workers traverse multiple, expansive, complex and dynamic temporalities of work. This study identifies new economic and temporal indeterminacies of labour, which fundamentally transform the employment relationship and wage‐effort bargain.
Assessing the feasibility of a web‐based outcome measurement system in child and adolescent mental health services – myHealthE a randomised controlled feasibility pilot study
Authors: Morris Anna C. , Ibrahim Zina , Heslin Margaret , Moghraby Omer S. , Stringaris Argyris , Grant Ian M. , Zalewski Lukasz , Pritchard Megan , Stewart Robert , Hotopf Matthew , Pickles Andrew , Dobson Richard J. B. , Simonoff Emily , Downs Johnny 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundInterest in internet‐based patient reported outcome measure (PROM) collection is increasing. The NHS myHealthE (MHE) web‐based monitoring system was developed to address the limitations of paper‐based PROM completion. MHE provides a simple and secure way for families accessing Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services to report clinical information and track their child's progress. This study aimed to assess whether MHE improves the completion of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) compared with paper collection. Secondary objectives were to explore caregiver satisfaction and application acceptability.MethodsA 12‐week single‐blinded randomised controlled feasibility pilot trial of MHE was conducted with 196 families accessing neurodevelopmental services in south London to examine whether electronic questionnaires are completed more readily than paper‐based questionnaires over a 3‐month period. Follow up process evaluation phone calls with a subset (n = 8) of caregivers explored system satisfaction and usability.ResultsMHE group assignment was significantly associated with an increased probability of completing an SDQ‐P in the study period (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 12.1, 95% CI 4.7–31.0; p = <.001). Of those caregivers' who received the MHE invitation (n = 68) 69.1% completed an SDQ using the platform compared to 8.8% in the control group (n = 68). The system was well received by caregivers, who cited numerous benefits of using MHE, for example, real‐time feedback and ease of completion.ConclusionsMHE holds promise for improving PROM completion rates. Research is needed to refine MHE, evaluate large‐scale MHE implementation, cost effectiveness and explore factors associated with differences in electronic questionnaire uptake.
Weighing in on COVID‐19: The impact of the pandemic on children and adolescents with obesity participating in a weight management program
Authors: Patel Barkha P. , Sathiyamoorthy Thrmiga , Giruparajah Mohana , Toulany Alene , Hamilton Jill K. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundCOVID‐19 mitigation measures, including closures of schools and recreational facilities and alterations in eating behaviours and physical activity, may impact weight.ObjectiveTo examine changes in body weight and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents with obesity participating in an obesity treatment program before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.MethodsBody weight and BMI at baseline and 6 months were recorded for the ‘historic’ cohort (females = 34, males = 21) before the pandemic (November 1, 2018, to March 18, 2020) and for the ‘pandemic’ cohort (females = 30, males = 30) during the pandemic (March 19, 2020 to July 31, 2021). Analyses were adjusted for baseline weight/BMI, age, and ON‐Marg score, a measure of the social determinants of health.ResultsIn males, body weight (98.29 versus 89.28 kg, p < 0.001) and BMI (36.46 versus 34.85 kg/m2, p = 0.027) were greater in the pandemic compared with historic cohort. In females, body weight (p = 0.769) and BMI (p = 0.548) were not different between the two cohorts.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic may have diminished the health impacts of a weight management program, particularly in males, leading to increased body weight and BMI.
The significant transformation of life into health and beauty in metaverse era
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2019, coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) continues, and it is evolving and starting again. It is a situation to keep in mind that now is the era of With Corona (WC) and Long‐COVID. “WC” will be a transformation of the quarantine system. The current situation is associated with health and beauty. Sustainability of healthy beauty is giving new meaning to well‐being and well‐dying.ObjectivesTherefore, in this study, we empirically analyzed the changes in the perception of health and beauty among cosmetic consumers in the metaverse, which are recently becoming an issue in the WC era.MethodsIt was created by searching keywords such as “With Corona,” “Health,” “Life Beauty,” “Customized inner beauty,” “Customized cosmetics,” “Metaverse,” “DTC GT,” etc. This study was conducted with reference to PubMed, Google Scholar, Riss, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Accordingly, a total of 472 papers were researched, and among them, 32 papers, which are the focus of the study, were finally included in this study.ResultsAs the era of WC changes, a new paradigm of converting the customer experience of the beauty market into a metaverse will be beginning. Accordingly, it is necessary to pay attention to changes in the cosmetic industry by reflecting the needs of consumers.ConclusionIt is necessary to create a new mobile platform that encompasses three‐dimensional health and beauty life using direct‐to‐customer genetic testing (DTC GT) with Web 3.0 in the metaverse that integrates life health and beauty in the WC era. Accordingly, it is expected that this article will be used as an invaluable marketing material in preparation for new changes in the metaverse cosmetics market in the future by clearly understanding the needs of consumers in the cosmetics industry, which are changing as they transformation to WC era.
Diet of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in southern Spanish waters
Authors: Saavedra Camilo , García‐Polo Manuel , Giménez Joan , Mons José Luis , Castillo Juan José , Fernández‐Maldonado Carolina , de Stephanis Renaud , Pierce Graham John , Santos María Begoña 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIdentifiable food remains were analyzed from 46 stomachs of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded in southern Spain between 2007 and 2014. Results suggest that the species feeds mainly on mesopelagic and neritic fish, but also on oceanic squids. Fish species of the family Myctophidae were the main prey in terms of numerical importance and reconstructed prey weight (62% N and 29% W), followed by squids of the family Ommastrephidae (20% W) and bogue (Boops boops) (15% W). The most important prey taxa according to the General Importance Index (GII) were C. maderensis, Ommastrephidae gen. spp., Notoscopelus spp., and M. punctatum. Higher number of mesopelagic myctophids were found in dolphins from the Mediterranean (73% vs. 29% N), while more demersal gobiids and European hake (Merluccius merluccius) were found in those from the Atlantic (44% vs. 1% and 8% vs. <1% N), where a more varied diet was also observed. Differences were also seen in the seasonal importance of some prey, as well as between years, sexes, and maturity states. The diet composition suggests that most of feeding occurred in oceanic regions, during twilight and night hours, while the observed dietary variation may reflect differences in topography, and changes in the prey availability.
Progressive Adolescent Idiopathic Cervical Kyphosis Secondary to Constant Postural Neck Flexion Reading Habit with a 10‐year Follow‐up: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wang Lianlei , Ibrahim Yakubu , Tian Yonghao , Yuan Suomao , Liu Xinyu 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAlthough it has been established that adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis (AICK) has no known cause, there are associated risk factors. However, the underlying causes remain puzzling. This case report presents severe AICK linked to chronic neck flexion postural habit, treated with combined anterior and posterior correction surgery and review of the literature.Case presentationA 16‐year‐old male with no history of trauma, surgery, or family history of spinal deformity complained of intolerable neck pain and rigidity. He developed an incessant reading of comic books at a very young age, and he preferred placing the book on the floor with his head flexed between his thighs. Acupuncture and massage therapy failed to relief symptoms. He had no neurological symptoms on examination and X‐ray showed Cobb angle of 70.5°. MRI and CT scans showed no spinal cord compression or osteophyte formation. A combined anterior and posterior correction surgery was performed after a week of skull traction. The deformity was corrected, neck pain disappeared, and neck rotatory function maintained after posterior implant removal. The maximum follow‐up was 10 years.ConclusionsThe potential underlying risk factor observed in this case is unusual. Chronic neck flexion postural habit is a potential risk factor of severe AICK in some individuals.
Hybrid transvenous and surgical approach for the extraction of coronary sinus leads: A case series
Authors: Ahmed Ashraf , Arabia Gianmarco , Bontempi Luca , Cerini Manuel , Salghetti Francesca , Muneretto Claudio , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Milidoni Antonino , Curnis Antonio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous lead extraction is the standard therapy for cardiac device‐related infection. In some patients, however, a hybrid surgical and transvenous approach may be necessary.Methods and ResultsWe present three cases who underwent transvenous lead extraction for an infected CRT‐D system. In all cases the CS lead could not be retrieved transvenously due to extensive fibrosis. The lead was successfully extracted through left minithoracotomy in two patients and midline sternotomy in one patient.ConclusionIn cases where the coronary sinus lead shows severe fibrosis, a transvenous approach can be used to free the proximal part of the lead, while the distal adhesions can be removed surgically through a limited thoracic incision.
Nonlinearizable solutions in an eigenvalue problem for Maxwell's equations with nonhomogeneous nonlinear permittivity in a layer
Authors: Tikhov Stanislav V. , Valovik Dmitry V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper focuses on a problem arising in nonlinear guided wave optics. The problem for Maxwell's equations with nonhomogeneous nonlinear constitutive law is reduced to an eigenvalue problem for a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with local boundary conditions. We suggest a novel approach to study eigenvalue problems for nonlinear nonautonomous equations based on studying an integral characteristic equation (ICE) of the problem. Using asymptotical analysis of the ICE, we prove existence of infinitely many eigenvalues and find their distribution. It is important that the corresponding linear problem has only a finite number of eigenvalues.
Dexamethasone should not be given to people with a chronic subdural haematoma
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz , Cassidy Samantha , Hutchinson Peter , Kolias Angelos 
Published: June 2022

The studyHutchinson P, Edlmann E, Bulters D, et al. Trial of dexamethasone for chronic subdural haematoma.N Engl J Med2020;383:2616-27.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/dexamethasone-should-not-be-used-chronic-subdural-haematoma/
Inequalities in demand satisfied with modern methods of family planning among women aged 15–49 years: a secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys of six South Asian countries
Authors: Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T , Acharya Kiran , Tiwari Ishwar 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate educational and wealth inequalities in demand satisfied with modern methods of family planning (mDFPS).DesignA secondary data analyses of Demographic and Health Surveys.SettingSix South Asian countries, Afghanistan (2015), Bangladesh (2014), India (2015–2016), Maldives (2016–2017), Nepal (2016) and Pakistan (2017–2018).ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years. Primary and secondary outcome measures mDFPS was defined as married women aged 15–49 years or their partners, who desired no child, no additional children or to postpone the next pregnancy and who are currently using any modern contraceptive method. We estimated weighted and age-standardised estimates of mDFPS. We calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) as the measures of socioeconomic inequalities.ResultsA total of 782 639 women were surveyed. The response rate was 84.0% and above. The prevalence of mDFPS was below 50% in Maldives (22.8%, 95% CI 20.7 to 25.0), Pakistan (42.0%, 95% CI 39.9 to 44.0) and Afghanistan (39.1%, 95% CI 36.9 to 41.3), whereas Bangladesh had achieved 76% (75.8%, 95% CI 74.2 to 77.3). Both wealth and educational inequalities varied in magnitude and direction between the countries. Except in Nepal and Bangladesh, mDFPS wealth inequalities showed a trend of increasing mDFPS as we moved towards richer, and richest wealth quintiles that is, pro-poor (RII (0.5 to 0.9); SII (−4.9 to −23.0)). In India and Nepal, higher versus no education was in favour of no education (higher mDFPS among not educated women) (RII 1.1 and 1.4; SII 4.1 and 15.3, respectively) and reverse in other countries ((RII (0.4 to 0.8); SII (−10.5 to −30.3)). Afghanistan, Maldives and Pakistan fared badly in both educational and wealth inequalities among the countries.ConclusionsSouth Asia region still has a long way ahead towards achieving universal access to mDFPS. Diverse patterns of socioeconomic inequalities between the countries call for national governments and international development agencies to target the population subgroups for improving the mDFPS coverage.