bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flux and spectral variability of Mrk 421 during its moderate activity state usingNuSTAR: Possible accretion disc contribution?
Authors: Mondal S. , Rani P. , Stalin C. S. , Chakrabarti S. K. , Rakshit S. 
Published: April 2022

Context.The X-ray emission in BL Lac objects is believed to be dominated by synchrotron emission from their relativistic jets. However, when the jet emission is not strong, one could expect signatures of X-ray emission from inverse Compton scattering of accretion disc photons by hot and energetic electrons in the corona. Moreover, the observed X-ray variability can also originate in the disc, and get propagated and amplified by the jet.Aims.Here, we present results on the BL Lac object Mrk 421 using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array data acquired during 2017 when the source was in a moderate X-ray brightness state. For comparison with high jet activity state, we also considered one epoch of data in April 2013 when the source was in a very high X-ray brightness state. Our aim is to explore the possibility of the signature of accretion disc emission in the overall X-ray emission from Mrk 421 and also examine changes in accretion parameters considering their contribution to spectral variations.Methods.We divided each epoch of data into different segments in order to find small-scale variability. Data for all segments were fitted using a simple power-law model. We also fitted the full epoch data using the two component advective flow (TCAF) model to extract the accretion flow parameters. Furthermore, we estimated the X-ray flux coming from the different components of the flow using the lowest normalisation method and analysed the relations between them. For consistency, we performed the spectral analysis using models available in the literature.Results.The simple power-law function does not fit the spectra well, and a cutoff needs to be added. The spectral fitting of the data using the TCAF model shows that the data can be explained with a model where (a) the size of the dynamic corona at the base of the jet is from ∼28 to 10 rs, (b) the disc mass accretion rate is from 0.021 to 0.051ṀEdd, (c) the halo mass accretion rate is from 0.22 to 0.35ṀEdd, and (d) the viscosity parameter of the Keplerian accretion disc from 0.18 to 0.25. In the assumed model, the total flux, disc and jet flux correlate with the radio flux observed during these epochs.Conclusions.From the spectral analysis, we conclude that the spectra of all the epochs of Mrk 421 in 2017 are well described by the accretion-disc-based TCAF model. The estimated disc and jet flux relations with radio flux show that accretion disc can contribute to the observed X-ray emission, when X-ray data (that cover a small portion of the broad band spectral energy distribution of Mrk 421) are considered in isolation. However, the present disc-based models are disfavoured with respect to the relativistic jet models when considering the X-ray data in conjunction with data at other wavelengths.
Precision measurement of a brown dwarf mass in a binary system in the microlensing event
Authors: Herald A. , Udalski A. , Bozza V. , Rota P. , Bond I. A. , Yee J. C. , Sajadian S. , Mróz P. , Poleski R. , Skowron J. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. , Ulaczyk K. , Rybicki K. A. , Iwanek P. , Wrona M. , Gromadzki M. ,   (The OGLE collaboration), Abe F. , Barry R. , Bennett D. P. , Bhattacharya A. , Fukui A. , Fujii H. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Kirikawa R. , Kondo I. , Koshimoto N. , Matsubara Y. , Matsumoto S. , Miyazaki S. , Muraki Y. , Olmschenk G. , Ranc C. , Okamura A. , Rattenbury N. J. , Satoh Y. , Sumi T. , Suzuki D. , Silva S. Ishitani , Toda T. , Tristram P. J. , Vandorou A. , Yama H. ,   (The MOA collaboration), Beichman C. A. , Bryden G. , Novati S. Calchi , Carey S. , Gaudi B. S. , Gould A. , Henderson C. B. , Johnson S. , Shvartzvald Y. , Zhu W. ,   (The Spitzer team), Dominik M. , Hundertmark M. , Jørgensen U. G. , Longa-Peña P. , Skottfelt J. , Tregloan-Reed J. , Bach-Møller N. , Burgdorf M. , D’Ago G. , Haikala L. , Hitchcock J. , Khalouei E. , Peixinho N. , Rahvar S. , Snodgrass C. , Southworth J. , Spyratos P. ,   (The MiNDSTEp consortium), Zang W. , Yang H. , Mao S. , Bachelet E. , Maoz D. , Street R. A. , Tsapras Y. , Christie G. W. , Cooper T. , de Almeida L. , do Nascimento J.-D. , Green J. , Han C. , Hennerley S. , Marmont A. , McCormick J. , Monard L. A. G. , Natusch T. , Pogge R. ,   (The LCO & μFUN collaboration)
Published: April 2022

Context. Brown dwarfs are transition objects between stars and planets that are still poorly understood, for which several competing mechanisms have been proposed to describe their formation. Mass measurements are generally difficult to carry out for isolated objects as well as for brown dwarfs orbiting low-mass stars, which are often too faint for a spectroscopic follow-up.
Aims. Microlensing provides an alternative tool for the discovery and investigation of such faint systems. Here, we present an analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-0033/MOA-2019-BLG-035, which is caused by a binary system composed of a brown dwarf orbiting a red dwarf.
Methods. Thanks to extensive ground observations and the availability of space observations from Spitzer, it has been possible to obtain accurate estimates of all microlensing parameters, including the parallax, source radius, and orbital motion of the binary lens.
Results. Following an accurate modeling process, we found that the lens is composed of a red dwarf with a mass of M1 = 0.149 ± 0.010 M⊙ and a brown dwarf with a mass of M2 = 0.0463 ± 0.0031 M⊙ at a projected separation of a⊥ = 0.585 au. The system has a peculiar velocity that is typical of old metal-poor populations in the thick disk. A percent-level precision in the mass measurement of brown dwarfs has been achieved only in a few microlensing events up to now, but will likely become more common in the future thanks to the Roman space telescope.
Diagnostische Reliabilität von optischen Kohärenztomografie-Biomarkern für postoperativen Erfolg bei idiopathischen epiretinalen Membranen
Authors: Leisser Christoph , Amon Daria Lilian , Huemer Josef Christian , Findl Oliver 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zahlreiche OCT-Biomarker (OCT: optische Kohärenztomografie) für postoperativen Erfolg bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit idiopathischen epiretinalen Membranen (iERM)
wurden in Einzelfaktoranalysen beschrieben. Das Ziel der Studie war es, die Reliabilität der Diagnose von OCT-Biomarkern zu berechnen und ihren Einfluss auf die postoperativen Resultate
mittels multipler Regressionsanalyse zu untersuchen.
Methoden In diese retrospektive Studie wurden Patientinnen und Patienten mit Pars-plana-Vitrektomie mit Membrane Peeling aufgrund einer iERM eingeschlossen. Präoperative OCTs wurden
bez. des Vorliegens von OCT-Biomarkern von 2 Reviewern untersucht. Die Intra- und Interobserver-Reliabilität wurde mit dem Kuder-Richardson-20-Test untersucht.
Resultate Es wurden 136 Patientinnen und Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Intra- und Interobserver-Reliabilität betrug 0,89/0,70 für „ectopic inner foveal layer“ (EIFL),
0,82/0,53 für „disorganization of retinal inner layers“ (DRIL), 0,93/0,89 für intraretinale zystoide Veränderungen, 0,84/0,78 für Veränderungen der ellipsoiden Zone, 0,84/0,72 für das
„cotton ball sign“, 0,68/0,58 für hyperreflektive Foci, 0,55/0,47 für epimakuläre Risse der ERM (EMM-Rips), and 0,87/0,60 für retinale Kontraktion. Nur DRIL und die „central subfield macular
thickness“ (CMT) zeigten sich als signifikante Prädiktoren für den BCVA 3 Monate nach der Operation in einer multiplen Regressionsanalyse.
Schlussfolgerung Die Intraobserver-Reliabilität war im Vergleich zur Interobserver-Reliabilität höher, ein Unterschied, der auf die klinische Erfahrung und Erfahrung im Grading bez.
der Beurteilung von OCT-Biomarkern hinweist. DRIL und CMT waren signifikante Prädiktoren in einer multiplen Regressionsanalyse und haben das Potenzial, den postoperativen BCVA negativ zu
beeinflussen.
2-Jahres-Ergebnisse nach transskleraler MicroPulse-Lasertherapie bei Patienten mit primärem Offenwinkelglaukom
Authors: Waibel Sören , Herber Robert , Ramm Lisa , Jasper Carolin S. , Pillunat Lutz E. , Pillunat Karin R. 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Untersuchung der langfristigen Effizienz und Sicherheit der transskleralen Lasertherapie (TLT) mittels MicroPulse über 24 Monate bei Patienten mit primärem
Offenwinkelglaukom (POWG).
Material und Methoden In dieser prospektiven interventionellen Fallserie wurden die Daten von 44 Augen von medikamentös behandelten POWG-Patienten ausgewertet, die eine
MicroPulse-TLT erhielten, um eine weitere Senkung des Augeninnendrucks (IOD) zu erreichen. Es wurden die Reduktion des 24-h-IODs, der zirkadianen IOD-Fluktuationen und der IOD-Spitzen nach
3, 12 und 24 Monaten untersucht. Zudem sollten postoperative Komplikationen, die Misserfolgsquote und Einflussfaktoren auf den Therapieerfolg analysiert werden.
Ergebnisse Der IOD ist von 16,1 ± 3,4 mmHg präoperativ auf 13,0 ± 2,9 mmHg (n = 31; p < 0,001) nach 3 Monaten, 12,3 ± 3,0 mmHg (n = 27; p < 0,001) nach 12 Monaten und
13,1 ± 2,6 mmHg (n = 23; p < 0,001) nach 24 Monaten gesunken. Nach 24 Monaten erreichten 23 Augen (52%) ihren individuellen Zieldruck. Es traten keine schwerwiegenden postoperativen
Komplikationen auf. Es konnten keine Einflussfaktoren auf den Therapieerfolg identifiziert werden. Das häufigste Therapieversagen war innerhalb der ersten 3 postoperativen Monate zu
beobachten und blieb danach nahezu stabil.
Schlussfolgerung Die MicroPulse-TLT zeigt eine gute IOD-Senkung bei Patienten mit primärem Offenwinkelglaukom und maximal tolerierter drucksenkender Lokaltherapie, wobei etwa 50% der
Augen ihren individuellen Zieldruck erreichten.
Anticonvulsant Effect of Minocycline on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced
Seizure in Mice: Involvement of 5-HT3 Receptor
Authors: Entezari Zahra , Jahanabadi Samane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMinocycline, widely used as an antibiotic, has recently been found to have an
anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects. This study was
aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of acute administration of
minocycline on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures considering the
possible involvement of 5-HT3 receptor in this effect. For this
purpose, seizures were induced by intravenous PTZ infusion. All drugs were
administrated by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route before PTZ injection. Also,
1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide (mCPBG, a 5-HT3 receptor agonist) and
Tropisetron (a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist) were used
45 minutes before minocycline treatment. Our results demonstrate that
acute minocycline treatment (80 and 120 mg/kg) increased the
seizure threshold. In addition, the 5-HT3 antagonist, tropisetron, at
doses that had no effect on seizure threshold, augmented the anticonvulsant
effect of minocycline (40 mg/kg), while mCPBG
(0.2 mg/kg) blunted the anticonvulsant effect of minocycline
(80 mg/kg). In conclusion, our findings revealed that the
anticonvulsant effect of minocycline is mediated, at least in part, by
inhibition of 5-HT3 receptor.
Vergütung der HPV-Impfungsleistung in Deutschland –
ein relevanter Einflussfaktor auf die HPV-Impfrate?
Authors: Ouédraogo Nobila , Schaller Katrin 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungObwohl die HPV-Impfung seit 2007 in Deutschland empfohlen wird, sind die
Impfraten für abgeschlossene HPV-Impfserien bisher niedrig und es
bestehen deutliche regionale Unterschiede. Als einer der Faktoren, die die
HPV-Impfrate in Deutschland beeinflussen, wird die Vergütung der
Impfleistung diskutiert. Allerdings zeigen die Vergütungsdaten der
HPV-Impfung für Deutschland deutliche Unterschiede in der Höhe
und in der Art der Vergütung in Abhängigkeit von der
Kassenärztlichen Region, die nicht in einem offensichtlichen
Zusammenhang mit der regionalen Impfrate stehen. Dies lässt vermuten,
dass die Vergütung für die HPV-Impfrate derzeit keine
wesentliche Rolle spielt. Zur Erhöhung der HPV-Impfrate sollten daher
andere Maßnahmen, die dafür als wirksam erwiesen sind, im
Vordergrund stehen, wobei die Politik eine umfassende Herangehensweise durch
Gesetzgebung, die Schaffung struktureller Rahmenbedingungen sowie die
Bereitstellung von Ressourcen unterstützen sollte.
Intramolecular Propargylic Ene Reaction of Benzyne En Route to Highly Functionalized Allenes and Allenamides
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Takikawa Hiroshi , Tawatari Tsukasa , Kato Ritsuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA variety of highly functionalized allenes and allenamides are prepared by intramolecular propargylic ene reactions of benzynes. Specific benzyne precursors having a chlorodiisopropylsilyl group serve as platforms to link with various propargyl alcohols via a Si–O bond, thereby expanding the scope of this reaction. Also demonstrated is a complete transmission of point to axial chirality to give a chiral, non-racemic allenamide.
Plasma Endogenous Endotoxin Core Antibody Response to Exercise in Endurance Athletes
Authors: Young Pascale , Rauch Christopher , Russo Isabella , Gaskell Stephanie , Davidson Zoe , Costa Ricardo J. S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the impact of laboratory-controlled exertional and exertional-heat stress on concentrations of plasma endogenous endotoxin core antibody (EndoCAb). Forty-four (males n=26 and females n=18) endurance trained (V̇ O 2max 56.8min/kg/min) participants completed either: P1–2h high intensity interval running in 23°C ambient temperature (Tamb), P2–2h running at 60% V̇ O2max in 35°C Tamb, or P3–3h running at 60% V̇ O2max in 23°C Tamb. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise to determine plasma IgM, IgA, and IgG concentrations. Overall resting pre-exercise levels for plasma Ig were 173MMU/ml, 37AMU/ml, and 79GMU/ml, respectively. Plasma IgM concentration did not substantially change pre- to post-exercise in all protocols, and the magnitude of pre- to post-exercise change for IgM was not different between protocols (p=0.135). Plasma IgA and IgG increased pre- to post-exercise in P2 only (p=0.017 and p=0.016, respectively), but remained within normative range (35–250MU/ml). P2 resulted in greater disturbances to plasma IgA (p=0.058) and IgG (p=0.037), compared with P1 and P3. No substantial differences in pre-exercise and exercise-associated change was observed for EndoCAb between biological sexes. Exertional and exertional-heat stress resulted in modest disturbances to systemic EndoCAb responses, suggesting EndoCAb biomarkers presents a low sensitivity response to controlled-laboratory experimental designs within exercise gastroenterology.
Megestrol Acetate in the Treatment of Post COVID-19 Fatigue in a Patient of Advanced Cancer: A Case Report and Mini Review of Literature
Authors: Patil Chaitanya R , Dhamne Nilesh A , Tanawade Prasad K , Mestri Namrata B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMegestrol acetate is one of the pharmacological agents used for cancer-associated fatigue. To date, there are no studies on its use in the treatment of post-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) fatigue. So, we report a case of metastatic carcinoma lung with a partial response with three cycles of palliative chemotherapy. He was contracted with mild COVID-19 infection post three cycles of his chemotherapy. Post this episode, fatigue was his main and most troublesome symptom. After a thorough clinical history, physical examination, and investigations, type 2 post-COVID-19 syndrome was diagnosed. After explaining the risks and benefits, we started the patient on low-dose megestrol acetate (160 mg/d per oral) with low to moderate benefits. However, upon increasing the dose to 480 mg/d, the benefit on the subjective quality of life was significant. Studies with a larger sample and randomized controlled trials have to be conducted to substantiate the hypothesis and actual effect of megestrol acetate in the treatment of post-COVID-19 fatigue.
Adequacy in Endocervical Curettage
Authors: Alqabbani Roa , Chan Joanna , Goldberg Allison 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Specimen adequacy is an important quality assurance component of a cervical Papanicolaou test. Although consensus exists on minimal acceptable cellularity for cervical Papanicolaou tests, no such criteria exist for endocervical curettage (ECC) specimens. We sought to identify minimum acceptable cellularity for accurate diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) on ECC.

Methods
All patients with HGD diagnosed in a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) from May 8, 2018, to December 18, 2019, and an ECC in the preceding 6 months at our institution were included (n = 51). All ECCs performed before the LEEP were evaluated for cellularity of squamous cells using Aperio eSlide Manager (Leica Biosystems). Biopsy results concurrent with the ECC were noted. We compared the number of squamous cells in positive and negative ECC specimens using a t-test. The proportion of ECC specimens and concurrent biopsies undergoing immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for p16 were compared using the χ2 test. P &lt; .05 was considered significant.

Results
Endocervical curettage specimens positive for HGD have increased cellularity compared with negative ECC specimens (mean cellularity, 10,165 vs 1,055; P &lt; .05). Further, IHC staining for p16 was more likely to be performed on an ECC specimen positive for HGD than on a negative ECC specimen (50% vs 3%; P &lt; .05). Biopsies performed concurrently with a negative ECC finding were more likely to undergo p16 IHC than biopsies performed concurrently with a positive ECC finding (51% vs 7%; P &lt; .05). Finally, we observed no difference in the proportion of biopsies undergoing IHC staining for p16 when comparing biopsies positive for HGD with negative biopsies (37% vs 46%; P = .33).

Conclusions
We find cellularity of approximately 10,000 cells adequate to diagnose HGD in an ECC specimen and cellularity of approximately 1,000 cells to be inadequate. Further, we find p16 IHC commonly used as a “rule-in” test on ECC specimens at our institution. Biopsies accompanying an ECC specimen negative for HGD are more likely to undergo p16 IHC than those accompanying an ECC specimen positive for HGD, but there is no difference in the proportion of biopsies undergoing p16 IHC when comparing positive and negative results in the biopsies themselves. These findings further support the need for adequate cellularity for diagnosis in ECC, especially when a biopsy is technically difficult. Further areas for exploration include investigating laboratory procedures to maximize the cellularity of ECC specimens.
Current Unemployment, Unemployment History, and Mental Health: A Fixed-Effects Model Approach
Authors: Junna Liina , Moustgaard Heta , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Poor mental health among the unemployed—the long-term unemployed in particular—is established, but these associations may be driven by confounding from unobserved, time-invariant characteristics such as past experiences and personality. Using longitudinal register data on 2,720,431 residents aged 30–60 years, we assessed how current unemployment and unemployment history predict visits to specialized care due to psychiatric conditions and self-harm in Finland in 2008–2018. We used linear ordinary-least-squares and fixed-effects models. Prior to adjusting for time-invariant characteristics, current unemployment was associated with poor mental health, and the risk increased with longer unemployment histories. Accounting for all time-invariant characteristics with the fixed-effects models, these associations attenuated by approximately 70%, yet current unemployment was still associated with a 0.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.48, 0.53) percentage-point increase in the probability of poor mental health among men and women. Longer unemployment histories increased the probability among men in their 30s but not among older men or among women. The results indicate that selection by stable characteristics may explain a major part of the worse mental health among the unemployed and especially the long-term unemployed. However, even when controlling for this selection, current unemployment remains associated with mental health.
The Dual Nature Thesis as a Cornerstone of Jurisprudence
Authors: Bertea Stefano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
In this work I defend the view that the “dual nature thesis” (as I refer to the claim that law’s institutional existence does not rule out its robust normativity, both components being essential to it) stands as a cornerstone of jurisprudence, in the sense that there cannot be any general theory of law that can afford to do away with it. Defending this stance requires me to first characterize the dual nature thesis in some detail. In this process, I will argue for a basic sense of the thesis under which law is best conceived as a social practice that could not work as such without the ability to engender at least some reasons for action, which reasons are grounded in rationality, are not inherently conclusive, and may or may not be moral. With that done, I move to defend the view that the thesis so characterized is compatible with both positivist and nonpositivist accounts of the nature of law and is also theoretically interesting and significant. These claims will be further consolidated in the final part of the work, where it is argued that the standard attempt to reject the dual nature thesis rests on an objectionable methodological premise and a questionable substantive assumption.
Compositional analysis of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Cahyadi Danang Dwi , Okamoto Munehiro , Warita Katsuhiko , Takeda-Okuda Naoko , Tamura Jun-ichi , Hosaka Yoshinao Z 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found in the various tissues and are involved in many physiological functions. Since the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is the most widely used nonhuman primate in biomedical research, an understanding of the compositions of GAGs in their tissues is important. The aim of the study was to determine the content and sulfation pattern of disaccharides contained in several tissues of the rhesus monkey. The chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chain was extracted from several tissues of female and male rhesus monkeys. Compositional analysis was performed after digestion with chondroitinases ABC and ACI to reveal the sulfation pattern of the CS/DS hybrid chain. This study revealed that the major CS/DS disaccharide units present in the tissues were A- and C-types. The E- and iE-types were specifically distributed not only in the tracheal tissue but also in gastrointestinal tissues.
Appealing to Faculty Gatekeepers: Motivational Processes for Intentions to Adopt an Evidence-B ased Intervention
Authors: McPartlan Peter , Thoman Dustin B , Poe Jennifer , A Herrera Felisha , Smith Jessi L 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhat motivates faculty teaching gateway courses to consider adopting an evidence-based classroom intervention? In this nationally representative study of biology faculty members in the United States (N = 422), we used expectancy–value–cost theory to understand three convergent motivational processes the faculty members’ underlying intentions to adopt an exemplar evidence-based classroom intervention: the utility value intervention (UVI). Although the faculty members perceived the intervention as valuable, self-reported intentions to implement it were degraded by concerns about costs and lower expectancies for successful implementation. Structural equation modeling revealed that the faculty members reporting lower intentions to adopt it tended to be White and to identify as male and had many years of teaching or were from a more research-focused university. These personal, departmental, and institutional factors mapped onto value, expectancies, and cost perceptions uniquely, showing that each process was a necessary but insufficient way to inspire intentions to adopt the UVI. Our findings suggest multifaceted, context-responsive appeals to support faculty member motivation to scale up adoption of evidence-based classroom interventions.