bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intervention in general practice to improve the management of Lyme borreliosis in Denmark
Authors: Knudtzen Fredrikke Christie , Jensen Thøger Gorm , Andersen Nanna Skaarup , Johansen Isik Somuncu , Hovius Joppe W , Skarphédinsson Sigurdur 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Our objectives were to improve the following outcomes in patients with Lyme borreliosis (LB) through an educational intervention in general practice: (i) increase the number of hospital referrals on suspicion of LB, (ii) increase the number of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests examined for Borrelia burgdorferi antibody index, (iii) decrease the number of serum-B. burgdorferi antibody tests ordered, (iv) shorten delay from symptom onset to hospital in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) patients, (v) increase LB knowledge among general practitioners.

Methods
A prospective non-blinded non-randomized intervention trial on the island of Funen, Denmark. The intervention included oral and written education about LB and was carried out in areas with an LNB incidence ≥4.7/100.000 between 22 January 2019 and 7 May 2019. Results were compared between the intervention group (49 general practices) and the remaining general practices in Funen (71 practices) 2 years before and after the intervention.

Results
In the study period, 196 patients were referred on suspicion of LB, a 28.9% increase in the intervention group post-intervention, 59.5% increase in the control group (P = 0.47). The number of CSF-Borrelia-antibody index tests increased 20.8% in the intervention group, 18.0% in the control group (P = 0.68), while ordered serum-B. burgdorferi antibody tests declined 43.1% in the intervention group, 34.5% in the control group (P = 0.30). 25.1% had the presence of serum-B. burgdorferi antibodies. We found no difference in LNB pre-hospital delay before and after intervention or between groups (P = 0.21). The intervention group performed significantly better on a follow-up questionnaire (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
We found an overall improvement in LB awareness and referrals among general practitioners but could not show any effect of the intervention on clinical outcomes of LNB.
Phylogenetic diversity and plant growth-promoting activities of rhizobia nodulating fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumLinn.) cultivated in different agroclimatic regions of India
Authors: Khairnar Mitesh , Hagir Ashwini , Parmar Krupa , Sayyed R Z , James Euan K , Rahi Praveen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.), is an extensively cultivated legume crop used as a herb, spice, and traditional medicine in India. The symbiotic efficiency and plant growth-promoting potential of fenugreek rhizobia depend on the symbiont strain and environmental factors. We isolated 176 root-nodulating bacteria from fenugreek cultivated in different agroclimatic regions of India. MALDI-TOF MS-based identification and phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and five housekeeping genes classified the fenugreek-rhizobia as Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) meliloti. However, the strains represent separate sub-lineages of E. meliloti, distinct from all reported sub-lineages across the globe. We also observed the spatial distribution of fenugreek rhizobia, as the three sub-lineages of E. meliloti recorded during this study were specific to their respective agroclimatic regions. According to the symbiotic gene (nodC and nifH) phylogenies, all three sub-lineages of E. meliloti harboured symbiotic genes similar to symbiovar meliloti; as with the housekeeping genes, these also revealed a spatial distribution for different clades of sv. meliloti. The strains could nodulate fenugreek plants and they showed plant growth-promoting potential. Significant differences were found in the plant growth parameters in response to inoculation with the various strains, suggesting strain-level differences. This study demonstrates that fenugreek rhizobia in India are diverse and spatially distributed in different agro-climatic regions.
The fucose-specific lectin gene AOL_s00054g276 affects trap formation and nematocidal activity of the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora
Authors: Si Jiali , Dong Xinyuan , Zhang Guanghui , Lu Hengqian , Tang Kaijing , Zhang Li , Kong Xiaowei , Sheng Kangliang , Wang Jingmin , Zha Xiangdong , Wang Yongzhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi are natural enemies of nematodes in nature. Arthrobotrys oligospora, a typical nematode-trapping fungus with a clear genetic background, can capture and infect nematodes by forming adhesive three-dimensional networks. Lectins, a class of glycoproteins containing glycosyl-specific recognition domains, play an important role in biological recognition. However, the fucose-specific lectins have rarely been studied regarding the process of preying on nematodes. In this study, we characterized the biological role of the fucose-specific lectin-encoding gene AOL_s00054g276 (g276) in A. oligospora. The gene g276 was first deleted based on homologous recombination, then the phenotype and nematocidal activity of the Δg276 mutant was evaluated. The results showed that the deletion of gene g276 delayed trap formation and weakened its nematocidal activity; however, mycelial growth, conidia production, conidial germination rates and adaption to environmental stresses were not affected. Our results suggest that the fucose-specific lectin-encoding gene g276 might be associated with the morphogenesis of this fungus, and its deletion resulted in a significantly low density of three-dimensional traps (P &lt; 0.05) and a significantly low nematode-trapping efficiency (P &lt; 0.001). These findings provide a basis for further elucidating the mechanism of A. oligospora preying on nematodes and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of fungal-derived lectins for nematode control in the future.
Proteome expansion in thePotyviridaeevolutionary radiation
Authors: Pasin Fabio , Daròs José-Antonio , Tzanetakis Ioannis E 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPotyviridae, the largest family of known RNA viruses (realm Riboviria), belongs to the picorna-like supergroup and has important agricultural and ecological impacts. Potyvirid genomes are translated into polyproteins, which are in turn hydrolyzed to release mature products. Recent sequencing efforts revealed an unprecedented number of potyvirids with a rich variability in gene content and genomic layouts. Here, we review the heterogeneity of non-core modules that expand the structural and functional diversity of the potyvirid proteomes. We provide a family-wide classification of P1 proteinases into the functional Types A and B, and discuss pretty interesting sweet potato potyviral ORF (PISPO), putative zinc fingers, and alkylation B (AlkB)—non-core modules found within P1 cistrons. The atypical inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase/HAM1), as well as the pseudo tobacco mosaic virus-like coat protein (TMV-like CP) are discussed alongside homologs of unrelated virus taxa. Family-wide abundance of the multitasking helper component proteinase (HC-pro) is revised. Functional connections between non-core modules are highlighted to support host niche adaptation and immune evasion as main drivers of the Potyviridae evolutionary radiation. Potential biotechnological and synthetic biology applications of potyvirid leader proteinases and non-core modules are finally explored.
Analysis of genotype-by-environment interactions in a maize mapping population
Authors: Hudson Asher I , Odell Sarah G , Dubreuil Pierre , Tixier Marie-Helene , Praud Sebastien , Runcie Daniel E , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Genotype-by-environment interactions are a significant challenge for crop breeding as well as being important for understanding the genetic basis of environmental adaptation. In this study, we analyzed genotype-by-environment interactions in a maize multiparent advanced generation intercross population grown across 5 environments. We found that genotype-by-environment interactions contributed as much as genotypic effects to the variation in some agronomically important traits. To understand how genetic correlations between traits change across environments, we estimated the genetic variance–covariance matrix in each environment. Changes in genetic covariances between traits across environments were common, even among traits that show low genotype-by-environment variance. We also performed a genome-wide association study to identify markers associated with genotype-by-environment interactions but found only a small number of significantly associated markers, possibly due to the highly polygenic nature of genotype-by-environment interactions in this population.
Age-Specific Mortality During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic and Life Expectancy Changes in the United States and Peer Countries, 1980–2020
Authors: Masters Ryan K , Woolf Steven H , Aron Laudan Y 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Since the 1980s, life expectancy at birth (e0) in the United States has fallen steadily behind that of other high-income countries, widening the U.S. e0 disadvantage. We estimate how that disadvantage was affected by high mortality rates in 2020, the first full year of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods
We contrast male and female e0 in the United States and 18 peer countries for years 1980, 1995, 2010, 2019, and 2020. Using Arriaga decomposition, we show how differences in age-specific death rates have contributed to U.S. e0 disadvantages.

Results
In 2020, U.S. male and female e0 changed by −2.33 (−2.50, −2.15) and −1.69 (−1.85, −1.53) years, respectively, whereas corresponding changes in peer countries averaged −0.67 (−0.82, −0.51) and −0.50 (−0.65, −0.35) years, respectively. This accelerated a longstanding and widening U.S. e0 disadvantage relative to its peers, which increased from 3.49 to 5.15 years in males and from 2.78 to 3.97 years in females between 2019 and 2020. Whereas deaths before age 65 accounted for 55% and 40% of declines in U.S. male and female life expectancy, respectively, they accounted for only 24% and 11% of the respective declines in peer countries.

Discussion
U.S. life expectancy declines in 2020 were larger than in peer countries and involved deaths across a broader age range, particularly among young and middle-aged adults. Both the longstanding U.S. e0 disadvantage and acute losses of life in 2020 signal the need for systemic policy changes in the United States.
The Impact of Care Intensity and Work on the Mental Health of Family Caregivers: Losses and Gains
Authors: Kolodziej Ingo W K , Coe Norma B , Van Houtven Courtney H 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe estimate the causal impact of intensive caregiving, defined as providing at least 80 h of care per month, and work on the mental health of caregivers while considering possible sources of endogeneity in these relationships.MethodsWe use 2 linked data sources from the United States by matching caregivers in the National Study of Caregiving with corresponding care recipients in the National Health and Aging Trends Study for years 2011–2017. We address possible sources of endogeneity in the relationships between caregiving, work, and mental health by using instrumental variables methodology, instrumenting for both caregiving and work behavior. We examine 2 measures used to screen for depression (PHQ-2, psychodiagnostic test) and anxiety (GAD-2, generalized anxiety disorders screening instrument), a composite measure that combines these measures (PHQ-4), and positive well-being variables to ascertain possible gains from caregiving.ResultsProviding at least 80 h of care per month to a parent compared to less intensive caregiving increases the PHQ-4 scale for anxiety and depression disorders. This is driven by the screening score for anxiety and not psychodiagnostic test scores for depression. Relationship quality decreases substantially for intensive caregivers, and intensive caregiving leads to less satisfaction that the care recipient is well-cared for. We do not find offsetting mental health gains for intensive caregivers compared to nonintensive caregivers. Work does not independently affect the mental health of caregivers.DiscussionCaregiver interventions that reduce objective demands or support intensive caregivers could reduce or prevent well-being losses and improve the caregiver’s relationship with the recipient.
Cardiovascular Mortality Gap Between the United States and Other High Life Expectancy Countries in 2000–2016
Authors: Acosta Enrique , Mehta Neil , Myrskylä Mikko , Ebeling Marcus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Reductions in U.S. cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality have stagnated. While other high life expectancy countries (HLCs) have also recently experienced a stall, the stagnation in CVD mortality in the United States appeared earlier and has been more pronounced. The reasons for the stall are unknown. We analyze cross-national variations in mortality trends to quantify the U.S. exceptionality and provide insight into its underlying causes.

Methods
Data are from the World Health Organization (2000–2016). We quantified differences in levels and trends of CVD mortality between the United States and 17 other HLCs. We decomposed differences to identify the individual contributions of major CVD subclassifications (ischemic heart disease [IHD], stroke, other heart diseases). To identify potential behavioral explanations, we compared trends in CVD mortality with trends in other causes of death related to obesity, smoking, alcohol, and drugs.

Results
Our study has four central findings: (a) U.S. CVD mortality is consistently higher than the average of other HLCs; (b) the U.S.–HLC gap declined until around 2008 and increased thereafter; (c) the shift from convergence to divergence was mainly driven by slowing IHD and stroke mortality reductions and increasing mortality from other CVD causes; (d) among the potential risk factors, only obesity- and alcohol-related mortality showed age-specific temporal changes that are similar to those observed for cardiovascular mortality.

Discussion
The exceptional changes in U.S. CVD mortality are driven by a distinct pattern of slowing reductions in IHD and stroke mortality and deteriorating mortality from other CVD causes. Obesity and alcohol abuse appear to be interrelated factors.
Adult Children’s Intergenerational Mobility and Older Adults’ Self-Rated Health: A U.S.–China Comparison
Authors: Qin Yue 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
This study examines whether and how adult children’s educational mobility is associated with the self-rated health of older adults aged 50 and above in China and the United States.

Methods
The analytic sample included 12,445 Chinese respondents from the 2011 to 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and 17,121 US respondents from the 2010 to 2012 Health and Retirement Study. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between children’s educational mobility and parents’ self-rated health, and the Karlson-Holm-Breen-method was used for mediation analysis.

Results
Adult children’s upward mobility was associated with their parents’ better health in both countries. This association was mediated by child-to-parent economic support, as well as parents’ social engagement and depressive symptoms in China; in the United States, parents’ depression was the only significant mediator.

Discussion
This study is among the first to empirically show the benefit of adult children’s upward mobility for their parents’ health. The cross-national differences in the mediating paths suggest that the cross-over effect of children’s intergenerational mobility on their parents’ health is embedded within specific sociocultural contexts.
Exploring job satisfaction among pharmacy professionals in the Arab world: a multi-country study
Authors: Al-Jumaili Ali Azeez , Sherbeny Fatimah , Elhiny Rehab , Hijazi Bushra , Elbarbry Fawzy , Rahal Mohamad , Bukhatwa Salma , Khdour Maher , Thomas Dixon , Khalifa Sherief , Hamad Anas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe study objectives were to (1) describe the characteristics of the pharmacy professionals and (2) explore the association between job satisfaction and factors, such as work control, work stress, workload and organization and professional commitments.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional design. The survey items were mainly adapted from the US National Pharmacist Workforce Survey. An electronic (Qualtrics) questionnaire was posted on pharmacist social media in several Arab countries. The survey link was posted from 22 March 2021 to 1 May 2021. The multiple linear regression measured the association between 12 independent variables and pharmacist job satisfaction.Key findingsA total of 2137 usable surveys were received from pharmacists (54.7% female) working in 18 Arabic countries. The job satisfaction rate varied among countries in the Arab world. The fields with the highest satisfaction average included pharmaceutical marketing, academia and the pharmaceutical industry. At the same time, pharmacists working in community pharmacy and Ministry of Health/administrative positions had the lowest satisfaction rates. Overall, pharmacist satisfaction was average (3.1 out of 5). The pharmacists had the lowest satisfaction averages with income and job expectations. The pharmacists with bachelor’s degrees had significantly lower satisfaction than pharmacists with postgraduate degrees. Male pharmacists had significantly higher job satisfaction compared with female pharmacists. Workload and the feelings of organization and professional commitments had significant positive associations with job satisfaction.ConclusionsThe pharmacy profession in Arabic countries faced several challenges that negatively impacted job satisfaction. Improving work environment, professional management, income and organization loyalty is necessary to enhance pharmacist job satisfaction.
People Doing Things: Residual Subject Realism in the Study of Religion
Authors: DeJonge Michael P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This article considers a common theoretical mood within the discipline of religious studies, one that is skeptical about the reality of religion but confident about the reality of people doing things. Analyzing this mood within the context of recent discussions surrounding realism, I argue that this mix of anti-realism with respect to religion and realism with respect to people doing things testifies to the lingering effects of a subject philosophy. Such residual subject-philosophical realism in turn suggests the uneven reception of structure philosophy, a way of thinking that rules out straightforward reference to the reality not only of religion but of people doing things as well. A more faithful reception of structure-philosophical insights suggests opportunities for re-theorizing the reality of religion.
Gjøkvatn revisited: repeated visual observations of plankton swarms in a subarctic forest lake
Authors: Klemetsen Anders 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Distinct swarms of Bosmina longispina (Leydig, 1860) (Crustacea: Cladocera) were visually observed and described in Gjøkvatn, a Norwegian forest lake at 69°N, in 1969 and again in 1996 and 2021. The repeated observations after many years show that Bosmina swarms occur regularly in the lake. The swarming is likely to be an anti-predation behaviour against the predatory cladoceran Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1761).
Leaf and root phenology and biomass ofEriophorum vaginatumin response to warming in the Arctic
Authors: Ma Ting , Parker Thomas , Fetcher Ned , Unger Steven L , Gewirtzman Jon , Moody Michael L , Tang Jianwu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe response of plant leaf and root phenology and biomass in the Arctic to global change remains unclear due to the lack of synchronous measurements of above- and belowground parts. Our objective was to determine the phenological dynamics of the above- and belowground parts of Eriophorum vaginatum in the Arctic and its response to warming. We established a common garden located at Toolik Lake Field Station; tussocks of E. vaginatum from three locations, Coldfoot, Toolik Lake and Sagwon, were transplanted into the common garden. Control and warming treatments for E. vaginatum were set up at the Toolik Lake during the growing seasons of 2016 and 2017. Digital cameras, a handheld sensor and minirhizotrons were used to simultaneously observe leaf greenness, normalized difference vegetation index and root length dynamics, respectively. Leaf and root growth rates of E. vaginatum were asynchronous such that the timing of maximal leaf growth (mid-July) was about 28 days earlier than that of root growth. Warming of air temperature by 1 °C delayed the timing of leaf senescence and thus prolonged the growing season, but the temperature increase had no significant effect on root phenology. The seasonal dynamics of leaf biomass were affected by air temperature, whereas root biomass was correlated with soil thaw depth. Therefore, we suggest that leaf and root components should be considered comprehensively when using carbon and nutrient cycle models, as above- and belowground productivity and functional traits may have a different response to climate warming.
Poorly differentiated muscle-invasive giant cell tumor of the bladder leads to unfavorable clinical outcome
Authors: Karasavvidou Foteini , Mitrakas Lampros , Strataki Maria , Anastasiou Dimitrios , Koukoulis Georgios , Tzortzis Vassilios 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a common clinical entity. Recently, researchers focused on the emerging clinical significance of histologic variants, because they may need special therapy and their prognosis differs. Hereby, we describe a case of a giant cell osteoclast-like urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Achilles Tendon and Patellar Tendon Structure in Combat Soldiers Following Prevention Exercises
Authors: Steinberg Nili , Funk Shani , Zeev Aviva , Waddington Gordon , Svorai-Litvak Shany , Pantanowitz Michal 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionMilitary training that increases physical stress on musculoskeletal morphology also increases the risk of orthopedic injuries. Somatosensory prevention programs that reduce stress and improve functionality could be beneficial for better organization of tendon structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a somatosensory prevention exercise on the tendon structure (percentage of echo-type fibers; A-P and M-L diameters and cross-sectional area) of the Achilles tendon and patellar tendon among combat soldiers.Materials and MethodsThese tendons of male Infantry soldiers aged 18-21 were screened before and after a 14-week training course. The intervention group, who performed preventative exercises, included 108 soldiers (BMI = 23.85 ± 2.76), while the control group, who participated in the same military course without these exercises, included 98 soldiers (BMI = 24.26 ± 4.03). Ultrasound scanning for tendon structure included percent of echo-type I-IV fibers, A-P diameter, M-L diameter, and cross-sectional area parameters.ResultsTime by group interaction was found for echo-type I and II in both tendons. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the pretesting percentage of echo-type IV fibers of the Achilles tendon (P = .522), in echo-type III fibers of the Achilles tendon (P = .833), and echo-type IV fibers of the patellar tendon (P = .162). Greater pre-post differences in echo-type III and IV fibers were found in the control group compared with the intervention group for both the Achilles tendon (P = .021, P = .002) and the patellar tendon (P &lt; .001, P &lt; .001).ConclusionIncreased damaged fibers (echo-type III and IV) of both tendons were found among the control group, yet not among soldiers who performed prevention exercises.