bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative metal artifact reduction on a clinical photon counting system—technical possibilities and reconstruction selection for optimal results dependent on the metal scenario
Authors: Anhaus Julian A , Schmidt Simon , Killermann Philipp , Mahnken Andreas , Hofmann Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. To give an overview about technical possibilities for metal artifact reduction of the first clinical photon-counting CT system and assess optimal reconstruction settings in a phantom study, assessing monoenergetic imaging (VMI) and iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR). Approach. Scans were performed with 120 kV and Sn140 kV on the first clinical photon-counting detector CT scanner. To quantify artifact reduction, anthropomorphic phantoms (hip, dental, spine, neuro) were assessed, in addition to a tissue characterization phantom (Gammex) to quantify the HU restoration accuracy, all with removable metal inserts. Each setup was reconstructed with and without dedicated iMAR, and VMIs were computed in 10 keV steps from 40 keV (60 keV at Sn140 kV) to 190 keV for all setups (ground truth and metal with and without iMAR). To find the optimal energy, pixel-wise errors were computed in relevant ROIs in water-equivalent tissue around the metal in each phantom setup. To assess HU restoration potential, measurements were performed in the Gammex phantom’s inserts. Main results. Large metal objects (hip head) or metal with high atomic numbers (dental and neuro) do not benefit from higher-energetic reconstructions. The hip shaft (large, low atomic number) comprises a lower base artifact level than the head, still without an energetic optimum. Within the spine (short penetration length, low atomic number) an energy optimum could be identified for both spectra (100 keV for 120 kV and 120 keV for Sn140 kV). The Gammex showed best HU restoration at 100 keV for 120 kV and at 110 keV for Sn140 kV. In all cases, additional iMAR reduced the base artifact level. Significance. This study shows that a novel photon-counting CT system has the capability to reduce metal artifacts in metal types with low atomic number and low penetration length by applying VMI. For all other metal types, additional iMAR is required to reduce artifacts.
A systematic study of the regrown interface impurities in unintentionally doped Ga-polar c-plane GaN and methods to reduce the same
Authors: Noshin Maliha , Soman Rohith , Xu Xiaoqing , Chowdhury Srabanti 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vertical gallium nitride (GaN) devices are strong candidates for next generation power electronics. Such vertical devices almost always require epitaxial regrowth of GaN. However, impurities present at the regrowth interfaces result in device degradation such as higher leakage current and lower breakdown voltage limiting its performance. While significant interface impurity concentration has been previously detected in the doped samples as well as in the etched-then-regrown samples, the origin of such interface impurity is still not well-understood. In this work, we perform a detailed characterization of the regrowth interface impurities of unintentionally doped (UID) Ga-polar GaN on c-plane sapphire substrate under various growth interruptions. This process (without any doping and without etch-then-regrowth) allows us to probe the relatively pristine regrown interface and thus better understand the origin of regrowth interface impurity. In the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown samples, we uncover a significant presence of silicon (Si) impurity concentration at the regrowth interface of an UID GaN for exposure both in air and in glovebox, with ∼88% higher impurity concentration for air exposure. This confirms an inevitable incorporation of Si impurities in the regrowth process originating from air, residual impurities in MOCVD environment and a further adsorption of impurities from the MOCVD chamber. We then demonstrate an ultraviolet (UV) ozone-based cleaning technique to reduce the concentration of Si impurities at the regrown interface. Using an iterative UV-ozone cleaning and wet etching treatment, we realize up to ∼61% reduction in the peak Si impurity concentrations therefore paving the way towards high performance vertical GaN devices.
Receiver-device-independent quantum key distribution protocols
Authors: Ioannou Marie , Sekatski Pavel , Abbott Alastair A , Rosset Denis , Bancal Jean-Daniel , Brunner Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We discuss quantum key distribution protocols and their security analysis, considering a receiver-device-independent (RDI) model. The sender’s (Alice’s) device is partially characterized, in the sense that we assume bounds on the overlaps of the prepared quantum states. The receiver’s (Bob’s) device requires no characterisation and can be represented as a black-box. Our protocols are therefore robust to any attack on Bob, such as blinding attacks. In particular, we show that a secret key can be established even when the quantum channel has arbitrarily low transmission by considering RDI protocols exploiting sufficiently many states. Finally, we discuss how the hypothesis of bounded overlaps can be naturally applied to practical devices.
Rotation controlled topological edge states in a trimer chain composed of meta-atoms
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Wu Xian , Ke Shaolin , Dong Lijuan , Deng Fusheng , Jiang Haitao , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recently, topological chains have attracted extensive attention because of their simple structure, rich physics and important applications. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally uncover that the abundant topological phases of periodic trimer chain composed of one kind of meta-atom, namely split-ring resonators (SRRs), can be flexibly controlled by tunning the rotation angle of SRRs. On the one hand, we study the rotation controlled phase transition between two topological distinguished trimer chains with inversion symmetry. The generation of symmetric edge states can be easily controlled in this phase transition. On the other hand, the topological phases of the trimer chain broken inversion symmetry is demonstrated. Especially, the rotation controlled asymmetric edge states are observed in this process. So, rotation provides a new degree of freedom to manipulate edge states in the trimer chain composed of SRRs. The results in this work not only provide a flexible way to observe controlled edge states, but also provide a good research platform for designing other topological models with complex coupling distributions.
Relations between the average bipartite entanglement and N-partite correlation functions
Authors: Huang Haiqing , Ahmed Irfan , Ali Ahmed , Zha Xin-wei , Chan Raymond Hon-Fu , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the relations between the average bipartite entanglement and the N-partite length of correlation. We show that the N-partite length of correlation can completely determine the average bipartite entanglement for two and three-qubits. For four-, five- and six-qubit systems, the N-partite correlation functions may not determine the average bipartite entanglement. These results are novel and promising for pure state.
Simulation study of random sequential deposition of binary mixtures of lattice animals on a three-dimensional cubic lattice
Authors: Beljin-Čavić M , Lončarević I , Budinski-Petković Lj , Jakšić Z M , Vrhovac S B 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Random sequential adsorption of mixtures of objects of various shapes on a three-dimensional (3D) cubic lattice is studied numerically by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Depositing objects are ‘lattice animals’, made of a certain number of nearest neighbor sites on a lattice. We analyzed binary mixtures composed of shapes of equal size, n = 3, 4, 5. We concentrate here on the influence of geometrical properties of the shapes on the jamming coverage θ
J and on the temporal evolution of the density θ(t). The approach of the coverage θ(t) to the jamming limit θ
J is found to be exponential, θ
J − θ(t) ∼ exp(−t/σ), both for the mixtures and their components. The values of the relaxation time σ are determined by the number of different orientations m that lattice animals can take when placed on a cubic lattice. The value of the relaxation time σ for a mixture is approximately twice the relaxation time for the pure component shape with a larger number m of possible orientations. Depending on the local geometry of the objects making the mixture, the jamming coverage of a mixture θ
J can be either greater than both single-component jamming coverages or it can be in between these values. The first case is the most common, while in the second case, the jamming density of the mixture is very close to the higher jamming density for the pure component shapes. For a majority of the investigated mixtures, a component with a larger number of orientations m has a larger value of the fractional jamming density.
Physiochemical properties of palm olein
Authors: Mohamad S A , Abd Aziz A S , Dabwan A H A , Abdullah A H , Mohamed A H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the last decade, palm oil has ascended to the most advanced and widely used vegetable oil in the world. Triaclglycerol or triglycerides make up the majority of palm oil’s composition. Before being isolated, palm oil undergoes lipase-catalytic hydrolysis, which results in a high fatty acid and glyceride content, as well as a comparatively high fatty acid content.This study is about the physiochemistry of palm olein. This study to characterize palm oil using AOCS method for the determination of physicochemical parameters such as free fatty acids (FFA) is 0.3% to 0.5% is 0.6-1, acid value (AV) is 0.6-1, the result is saponification value (SV) is 210 mg KOH, for this research, 57.10 gI2 is the value of iodine (IV), the specific gravity is 0.9185 and the moisture content is 0.34%.
Dust Emission Investigation of Agricultural Powdered Materials.
Authors: Rani S.I. , Azhar N.A.L. , Abdullah A.H. , Daud M.A.A. , Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The dust emission in the workplace may affect workers health or create safety problem. This paper describes the development of an experimental apparatus to investigate dust emission as a function of particle size in various fall distances and different conveying velocity. For this purpose, four types of agricultural dusts (castor sugar, oat, semolina and tea powder) were used. It is found that the particle properties and fall distance have strong influence on the amount of dust emission generated. The result reveal that tea powder produced highest amount of dust emission (< 211 μm) in all fall distance during flow fall process. Finding from this work is useful to understand the mechanism and risk of dust emission in agricultural activities.
Corn starch inhibitive evaluation on marine corrosion of mild steel
Authors: Rosliza R. , Siti Saudah N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Corrosion is a essential process that has a significant economic and safety impact. Corrosion cannot be avoided, but its severity can be prevented. Inhibitors have always been considered to be the first line of defense against corrosion. This research focuses into the usage of maize starch tapioca to improve mild steel corrosion inhibitors in seawater. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel in saltwater was investigated using gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarisation, and linear polarisation resistance measurements. The addition of maize starch greatly reduces the corrosion rates, corrosion current densities (icorr), and corrosion rates twofold (CR) in mild steel in seawater, while concurrently boosting the values of polarisation resistance (Rp). As the concentration of maize starch rises, so does the efficiency of inhibition. The prospective application of maize starch addressed in this study is in keeping with the current trend of environmentally responsible thinking.
Synthesis of PDMS-grafted-polyether and its application to polymer electrolyte
Authors: Iwata Y , Otora S , Uno T , Kubo M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A terpolymer, poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) (P(EO/PO/AGE)), was reacted with linear mono-functional hydride-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-SiH) to obtain PDMS-grafted-polyether (PDMS-g-P(EO/PO/AGE)) by hydrosilylation. Three polyelectrolytes were prepared based on PDMS-g-P(EO/PO/AGE). Best result was obtained when 8wt% of PDMS was introduced onto polyether. Cyclic voltammetry measurement of the PDMS-g-P(EO/PO/AGE polyelectrolytes showed improvement of oxidative stability.
Joint remote preparation of a single-photon hyper-state with two pairs of hyper-Bell states
Authors: Bich Cao Thi , An Nguyen Ba 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hyper-entanglement is gaining more and more attentions thanks to its outstanding applications in processing quantum information. It is considered as a quantum resource in many important tasks. In this work, we deal with a tripartite task for three remote parties Alice, Bob and Charlie. Namely, Alice and Bob are two senders who independently share the full information of an arbitrary single-photon state which is encoded simultaneously in two different degrees of freedom, the spatial-mode degree of freedom and the polarization degree of freedom (hereafter called photon’s hyper-state). We show that Alice and Bob can jointly prepare for the receiver Charlie such a hyper-state of the photon when they share beforehand two pairs of hyper-Bell states.
Flood Inundation Analysis of Xun River Based on 1D and 2D Hydrodynamic Coupling Model
Authors: Zhao Long , Sang Guoqing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Xun River is prone to flooding due to its tortuous course and low flood control standards. In this paper, the 1D and 2D hydrodynamic coupling model is used to simulate the flood situation of the Xun River in different return periods, obtain the initial inundation time, maximum inundation depth, maximum inundation area and other information of the flood, and comprehensively analyse the changes in the flood area of different water depth and different townships. The results show that with the increase of return period, the flood inundation range and inundation depth also increase, and the initial inundation time of the flood decreases; the proportion of shallow water areas of 0.05-0.5 meters decreases, and the proportion of deep water areas exceeding 3 meters increases; compared with the flood situation in different townships, Zhonglou Town is more seriously affected, and the area and population of various assets affected by the flood in Zhonglou Town are greater than that of Huangdun Town. This research provides guiding significance for the prevention and control of flood disasters in the Xun River and the rescue and disaster relief.
Multi-objective operation optimization method of integrated energy system considering energy saving
Authors: Yang Xuan , Zhu Chunjie , Wang Junhai , Wang Gang , Dong Hang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the operating efficiency of the integrated energy system and reduce emissions, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization method for the integrated energy system that considers energy saving. Set energy-saving goals, electric power balance, thermal power balance, operating cost constraints and other calculation equations. On the basis again, an optimization model of the integrated energy system is constructed. According to the characteristics of the constraint conditions, a penalty function is constructed, and the fuzzy satisfaction scheme is standardized to complete the operation optimization of the system. The analysis of calculation examples proves that the method in this paper can alleviate the environmental pollution problem, and can improve the operating efficiency and reduce the operating cost of the system.
Energy storage capacity planning method for urban integrated energy system considering uncertainty
Authors: Wu Xibin , Lou Yi , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe conventional energy storage capacity planning method of urban integrated energy system has the problem of fuzzy coupling characteristics, which leads to the small energy storage capacity. A planning method of energy storage capacity of urban integrated energy system considering uncertainty is designed. Calculate the expected output value, to determine the optimal control targets, considering the uncertainty of power load forecasting, load combination forecast load density and space distribution, identification of urban comprehensive energy system coupling characteristics, optimize the distribution ratio of different energies, capture of power and steam energy, energy storage capacity planning design method. Experimental results: The average energy storage capacity planning method of the urban integrated energy system in this paper is 103.844MWh, 91.657MWh and 91.152MWh compared with the other two methods, indicating that the designed urban integrated energy system energy storage capacity planning method is more perfect after fully considering the uncertainty factors.
Ultra-short-term Forecast of Multi-energy load for Integrated Energy System based on Attention Mechanism and BiLSTM
Authors: Zheng Zhijie , Feng Liang , Liu Rui , Wang Xian , Sun Yi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Under the background of the continuous promotion of the construction of the integrated energy system (IES), accurate and rapid multi-type energy load prediction is of great significance to the safe and economic operation of IES. Traditional forecasting models are difficult to model complex fluctuations of multi-energy loads, cannot consider the correlation among different types of energy loads. For this reason, this paper presents an ultra-short-term prediction method for multi-energy load of integrated energy system based on attention mechanism and bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. It uses deep learning model to learn the feature information of time series, and uses attention mechanism and BiLSTM to improve the effectiveness of features. The validity of the algorithm is validated in the example section. The results show that the proposed method reduces the prediction error effectively compared with traditional methods.
Daily streamflow forecasting using hybrid long short-term memory model
Authors: Xie Mengfei , Wang Bangcan , Zhu Shuang , Ma Gaoquan , Yang Zhelin , Liu Bin , Jia Yugong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Characterized by heterogeneity, complexity and non-stationary, streamflow forecasting has always been a challenge in hydrological sciences. In this study, a multiscale wavelet decomposition method with long short-term memory model (WLSTM) is developed to handle the daily streamflow forecasting. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is employed to extract multiscale features, which are then simulated by long short-term memory models (LSTMs), respectively. The outputs of the different scales LSTMs are finally reconstructed toward the forecasting results. Seven years daily streamflow sequences of three tributaries and one mainstream in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are investigated by the WLSTM models. For comparison, standard LSTM, and traditional ANN are chosen for the same streamflow forecasting task. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid model is better than other comparison models in terms of evaluation indicators. Considering that large floods often occur in the Yangtze River Basin, the performance of flood forecasting is also analyzed and the result shows that forecasting errors of WLSTM are more concentrated, which means WLSTM outperforms traditional ANN and LSTM for the extreme flood forecasting.
Static characteristics of high-speed bubble-oil-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearing
Authors: Zhou Feida , Jiang Shuyun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of bubble oil on the performance of spiral groove thrust bearing is Investigated. A theoretical model for thrust bearing is established based on bubble-oil two-phase flow considering centrifugal effect and viscosity-temperature relationship. The static characteristics of thrust bearing are analyzed. The result shows that both of viscosity-temperature effect and centrifugal effect can reduce the load capacity and friction torque. Meanwhile, with the increase of aeration level in bubble oil, the capacity, friction torque and maximum temperature rise of spiral groove thrust bearing are lower.
Simulation research of single phase half wave controllable rectifier circuit based on MATLAB
Authors: Cui Jingwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The function of the rectifier circuit is to convert AC electrical energy into DC electrical energy to provide energy for DC electrical equipment. The input end of the single phase rectifier circuit is a single phase AC power supply. The working principle of the single phase rectifier circuit is related to its load, the load is different, and its working process is also different. In this paper, MATLAB 9.5 software is used to simulate the single phase half wave controllable rectifier circuit under different load working conditions. In this paper, MATLAB9.5 is used to simulate the single-phase half-wave controllable rectifier circuit, study the working process under different load conditions,and analyze the working principle of the rectifier circuit, which is the research of the single phase half wave controllable rectifier circuit in practical industry and application provide a very important reference.
Research on the Reflection Characteristics of the Shock Wave Boundary in the Numerical Simulation of Underwater Explosion
Authors: Fang Houlin , Zhang Dezhi , Guo Quanshi , Lu Qiang , Zhang Liangyong , Li Ao , Liu Yunzhe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the underwater explosion is established in this paper. After verification by empirical formula, the variation law of the reflection coefficient of the shock wave with different boundary sizes under different boundary conditions is studied. The results show that the peak pressure of the near-field shock wave is relatively close to the empirical formula. The calculated value of the far-field shock wave peak pressure is smaller than the empirical value, and refining the mesh can make the near-field shock wave peak pressure closer to Cole’s empirical formula; when the “Flow-out” boundary condition is set, with the increase of the proportional boundary size, the boundary pressure decreases and the reflection coefficient increases. When the proportional boundary size reaches 5, the reflection coefficient of the boundary is the same as that without the “Flow-out” boundary, which is close to 90%.
FPGA implementation of RDMA for ATLAS readout with FELIX at high luminosity LHC
Authors: Vasile M. , Martoiu S. , Boukadida N. , Antonescu M. , Ulmamei A. , Stoicea G. , Hobincu R. , Iordache C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The FELIX system is used as an interface between front-end electronics and commodity hardware in the server farm. FELIX is using RDMA through RoCE to transmit data from its host servers to the software readout driver using off-the-shelf networking equipment. RDMA communication is implemented using software on both end of the links. Exploring opportunities to improve data throughput as part of the high luminosity LHC upgrade, an implementation for RDMA support in the front-end FELIX FPGA is being developed. We present a proof-of-concept RDMA FPGA implementation, which will help inform the design of the FELIX platform for high luminosity LHC.