bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity, expression and cellular localization in abdominal adipose tissues from women
Authors: Fouad Mansour Mohamed , Blanchette Sophie , Pelletier Mélissa , Poirier Donald , Tchernof André 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContext: 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β‐HSD2) may be involved in the local modulation of estradiol (E2) availability in adipose tissues. Objective: To assess the conversion of E2 into estrone (E1) as well as the expression of 17β‐HSD2 and its localization in omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissues obtained from women. Methods: Rates of 14C‐E1 formation from 14C‐E2 were measured in OM and SC adipose tissue homogenates from 29 women. Specific 17β‐HSD2 inhibitor EM‐919 was tested in OM and SC adipose tissue homogenates (n = 6). 17β‐HSD2 mRNA expression was measured in whole OM and SC adipose tissues (n = 14). Cellular localization of the enzyme was examined using immunohistochemistry. Anthropometric measurements were obtained and body composition as well as body fat distribution were measured. Results: Significant 14C‐E1 formation from 14C‐E2 in OM and SC tissue homogenates was detected. The rate of 14C‐E1 formation was significantly higher in OM than SC adipose tissue (p < .0001). The conversion of 14C‐E2 to 14C‐E1 was significantly inhibited by EM‐919 in OM (p < .05) and SC (p < .05) adipose tissues. Significantly higher expression of 17β‐HSD2 mRNA in OM versus SC fat was found (p = .03). 17β‐HSD2 was localized in the vasculature of OM and SC tissues. Significant negative associations were detected between OM 17β‐HSD2 activity and body mass index, WC, lean body mass as well as SC adipose tissue areas. Conclusion: 17β‐HSD2 converts E2 to E1 in OM and SC adipose tissues of women. The activity of this enzyme decreases with increasing adiposity.
Sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol foam to treat second‐degree haemorrhoidal disease: Three‐year follow‐up of a multicentre, single arm, IDEAL phase 2b trial
Authors: Gallo Gaetano , Picciariello Arcangelo , Pietroletti Renato , Novelli Eugenio , Sturiale Alessandro , Tutino Roberta , Laforgia Rita , Moggia Elisabetta , Pozzo Mauro , Roveroni Maurizio , Bianco Vincenzo , Realis Luc Alberto , Giuliani Antonio , Diaco Elia , Naldini Gabriele , Trompetto Mario , Perinotti Roberto , D'Andrea Vito , Lobascio Pierluigi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol foam is becoming increasingly popular for the treatment of symptomatic I–II or III degree haemorrhoidal disease (HD). However, there are no studies that have reported a follow‐up of more than 1 year. The purpose of this study was to analyse the long‐term outcomes of sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol foam in the treatment of II–degree HD.MethodsThis was an open label, single‐arm, phase 2b trial conducted in 10 tertiary referral centres for HD. A total of 183 patients with II–degree HD, aged between 18 and 75 years with symptomatic HD according to the Goligher classification and unresponsive to medical treatment, were included in the study and underwent sclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol foam. The efficacy was evaluated in terms of bleeding score, haemorrhoidal disease symptom score (HDSS) and short health scale for HD (SHS–HD) score. Successful treatment was defined as the complete absence of bleeding episodes after 7 days (T1) according to the bleeding score.ResultsThe overall success rate ranged from 95.6% (175/183) at 1 year to 90.2% (165/183) after the final 3 year follow‐up. The recurrence rate, based on the primary outcome, ranged from 12% (15/125) to 28% (35/125). The greatest increase in recurrence (15) was recorded between 12 and 18 months of follow‐up, then another five between 18 and 24 months. Both the HDSS and the SHS score remained statistically significant (p < 0.001) from a median preoperative value of 11 (10–13) and 18 (15–20) to 0 (0–2) and 4 (0–4), respectively. Symptom‐free (HDSS = 0) patients, excluding patients converted to surgery, increased from 55.5% (101/182) at 1 year to 65.1% at 3 years (110/169). There were no intraoperative complications in redo‐sclerotherapy nor additional adverse events (AEs) compared to the first 12 months.ConclusionsSclerotherapy with 3% polidocanol foam is gradually establishing itself in the treatment of bleeding HD due to its repeatability, safety, convenience in terms of direct and indirect costs with the absence of discomfort for the patient as well as AEs rather than an excellent overall success rate.
Long‐term outcome after Bascom's pit‐pick procedure for pilonidal sinus disease: A cohort study
Authors: Serup Camilla Mattesen , Svarre Kristina Johansen , Kanstrup Charlotte Tiffanie Bendtz , Kleif Jakob , Bertelsen Claus Anders 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimPrevious studies have shown favourable short‐term results after Bascom's pit‐pick procedure for simple pilonidal sinus disease. A minimum 5‐year follow‐up is considered the gold standard but only a few long‐term studies have previously been reported. Here, we aimed to estimate the long‐term risk of treatment failure, incomplete wound healing or recurrence, postoperative complications and patient reported outcome measures such as chronic pain and satisfaction with cosmetic appearance.MethodsMedical records of patients registered in a local database after undergoing Bascom's pit‐pick procedure were reviewed and follow‐up data updated. The patients received an online survey including questions about demographics, lifestyle, complications, reintervention, pain, satisfaction with cosmetic appearance and supplemented with telephone interviews if no response was received.ResultsA total of 158 patients underwent Bascom's pit‐pick procedure during the period August 2007 to March 2014. Median follow‐up was 7.98 (0.66, 10.96) years. Twelve patients (8%) had reintervention due to incomplete wound healing. A total of 32 patients experienced a recurrence. In competing risk analyses, the 10‐year cumulative recurrence rate was 27% (95% CI: 19%–35%) of patients with complete wound healing. Treatment success was 68%. Recurrence was associated with active smoking, HR of 5.30 (95% CI: 1.42–19.86; p = 0.01), and number of primary pits ≥3, HR of 5.11 (95% CI: 1.49–17.47; p = 0.01). More than 90% had no postoperative complications or chronic pain, and more than 70% reported a high satisfaction with the cosmetic appearance.ConclusionBascom's pit‐pick seems to be adequate treatment for most patients with a simple pilonidal sinus.
Intra‐amniotic mesenchymal stem cell therapy improves the amniotic fluid microenvironment in rat spina bifida aperta fetuses
Authors: Wei Xiaowei , Ma Wei , Gu Hui , Liu Dan , Luo Wenting , Cao Songying , Jia Shanshan , Huang Tianchu , He Yiwen , Bai Yuzuo , Wang Weilin , Yuan Zhengwei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesSpina bifida aperta (SBA) is one of the most common neural tube defects. Neural injury in SBA occurs in two stages involving failed neural tube closure and progressive degeneration through contact with the amniotic fluid. We previously suggested that intra‐amniotic bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy for fetal rat SBA could achieve beneficial functional recovery through lesion‐specific differentiation. The aim of this study is to examine whether the amniotic fluid microenvironment can be improved by intra‐amniotic BMSC transplantation.MethodsThe intra‐amniotic BMSC injection was performed using in vivo rat fetal SBA models. The various cytokine expressions in rat amniotic fluid were screened by protein microassays. Intervention experiments were used to study the function of differentially expressed cytokines.ResultsA total of 32 cytokines showed significant upregulated expression in the BMSC‐injected amniotic fluid. We focused on Activin A, NGF, BDNF, CNTF, and CXCR4. Intervention experiments showed that the upregulated Activin A, NGF, BDNF, and CNTF could inhibit apoptosis and promote synaptic development in fetal spinal cords. Inhibiting the activity of these factors weakened the anti‐apoptotic and pro‐differentiation effects of transplanted BMSCs. Inhibition of CXCR4 activity reduced the engraftment rate of BMSCs in SBA fetuses.ConclusionBMSC transplantation can improve the amniotic fluid environment, and this is beneficial for SBA repair.
A qualitative exploration of patients' experience of mobile telephone‐delivered contingency management to promote adherence to supervised methadone
Authors: Getty Carol‐Ann , Weaver Tim , Metrebian Nicola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite an increasing evidence base for mobile telephone‐delivered contingency management (mCM), there had been no previous qualitative exploration of patients' experience of receiving mCM and the factors that might influence that experience and outcome in a UK setting. The aim of this study was to understand patients' views and experience of receiving mCM by exploring their beliefs, expectations and perceived benefits within the context of the UK's first mCM intervention.MethodsQualitative interviews (N = 15) were conducted with patients undergoing opioid agonist treatment in a UK drug treatment service and receiving mCM to encourage adherence with supervised methadone as part of an existing study. Interviews were conducted at two time points and analysed using Framework to explore patients' expectations and beliefs during the early stage of the intervention (2 weeks) and their perceived benefits and experience at the end of the intervention (12 weeks).ResultsThe mCM was perceived as a motivator, providing validation of achievement, and involving discreet and positive interactions. Perceived benefits included enhanced methadone adherence, reduced drug use and the development of a supportive and non‐judgemental connection that resembled a therapeutic alliance.Discussion and ConclusionsThe mechanisms underpinning contingency management appeared to operate in the absence of human interaction, and the mCM intervention was deemed to be meaningful, acceptable and well received by patients. These findings not only provide support for the application of mCM in this context but also offer insight into the factors that influence outcomes and should be considered in the development of future mCM interventions.
Impulsivity and alexithymia predict early versus subsequent relapse in patients with alcohol use disorder: A 1‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Pepe Maria , Di Nicola Marco , Panaccione Isabella , Franza Raffaella , De Berardis Domenico , Cibin Mauro , Janiri Luigi , Sani Gabriele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionLongitudinal psychopathological predictors of relapse in alcohol use disorder are unclear.MethodsRelapses, sociodemographic and psychopathological risk factors were assessed in 171 alcohol use disorder outpatients within a 1‐year follow up. Impulsivity and alexithymia were evaluated using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, respectively.ResultsAt endpoint, 39% of patients maintained abstinence, 30.9% relapsed at ≤1 month from detoxification (early), 30.1% at >1 month (subsequent). Baseline Barratt Impulsiveness Scale score was predictive of early versus subsequent relapse (odds ratio 1.12,p = 0.005) and versus abstinence (odds ratio 1.17,p < 0.001). Toronto Alexithymia Scale score was a risk factor for subsequent versus early relapse (odds ratio 1.13,p = 0.003) and versus abstinence (odds ratio 1.21,p < 0.001).Discussion and ConclusionsImpulsivity predicted relapse within the first 4‐weeks; alexithymia showed delayed effects. Time‐varying effects of specific relapse factors emphasise the need for preliminary careful assessment and personalised interventions to promote long‐term abstinence.
A proposal for an international Code of Conduct for data sharing in genomics
Authors: Matar Amal , Hansson Mats , Slokenberga Santa , Panagiotopoulos Adam , Chassang Gauthier , Tzortzatou Olga , Pormeister Kärt , Uhlin Elias , Cardone Antonella , Beauvais Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs genomic research becomes commonplace across the world, there is an increased need to coordinate practices among researchers, especially with regard to data sharing. One such way is an international code of conduct. In September 2020, an expert panel consisting of representatives from various fields convened to discuss a draft proposal formed via a synthesis of existing professional codes and other recommendations. This article presents an overview and analysis of the main issues related to international genomic research that were discussed by the expert panel, and the results of the discussion and follow up responses by the experts. As a result, the article presents as an annex a proposal for an international code of conduct for data sharing in genomics that is meant to establish best practices.
Estimating predation pressure in ecological studies: controlling bias imposed by using sentinel plasticine prey
Authors: Nimalrathna Thilina S. , Solina Inda Dwi , Mon Aye Mya , Pomoim Nirunrut , Bhadra Sreetama , Zvereva Elena L. , Sam Katerina , Nakamura Akihiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSentinel plasticine prey has been increasingly used to estimate predation pressure. The use of plasticine prey may, however, bias the results, as this method was originally designed to account for predation by organisms that can visually recognize the shapes and colors of their prey. To evaluate the limitations of using sentinel plasticine prey, we compared predator attack rates between real prey – dead and live mealworms, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) – and plasticine models in a monsoonal tropical rainforest of southeastern China. The attack rates by invertebrates were highest on dead prey followed by live prey and plasticine models, whereas the attack rates by vertebrates were lowest on dead prey, and did not differ between live prey and plasticine models. These results confirm that bias imposed by using the plasticine models is affected by the type of predators. In addition, we tested the validity and generality of the premise that predators can distinguish the shapes of plasticine model prey and preferentially attack a caterpillar‐like shape over other shapes. To test this hypothesis, we conducted three independent experiments in China, Papua New Guinea, and Finland. In the two latter localities, predation rates on plasticine caterpillars were higher than on models of other shapes, whereas in China, these differences were not significant. Taken together, our study suggests that plasticine models may underestimate the predation by invertebrates to a greater extent than predation by vertebrates, and the preference of model shape by predators may be locality‐specific, presumably due to differences in the composition of the predator community. We propose that predation be estimated on both live and plasticine prey in future studies to measure the potential bias imposed by using plasticine models and its variation among various habitats and predator groups.
Limited recovery following a massive seagrass decline in subarctic eastern Canada
Authors: Leblanc Mélanie‐Louise , O'Connor Mary I. , Kuzyk Zou Zou A. , Noisette Fanny , Davis Kaleigh E. , Rabbitskin Ernie , Sam Laura‐Lee , Neumeier Urs , Costanzo Rémi , Ehn Jens K. , Babb David , Idrobo C. Julián , Gilbert Jean‐Philippe , Leblon Brigitte , Humphries Murray M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the last few decades, there has been an increasing recognition for seagrasses' contribution to the functioning of nearshore ecosystems and climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, seagrass ecosystems have been deteriorating globally at an accelerating rate during recent decades. In 2017, research into the condition of eelgrass (Zostera marina) along the eastern coast of James Bay, Canada, was initiated in response to reports of eelgrass decline by the Cree First Nations of Eeyou Istchee. As part of this research, we compiled and analyzed two decades of eelgrass cover data and three decades of eelgrass monitoring data (biomass and density) to detect changes and assess possible environmental drivers. We detected a major decline in eelgrass condition between 1995 and 1999, which encompassed the entire east coast of James Bay. Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020 indicated limited changes post‐decline, for example, low eelgrass cover (<25%), low aboveground biomass, smaller shoots than before 1995, and marginally low densities persisted at most sites. Overall, the synthesized datasets show a 40% loss of eelgrass meadows with >50% cover in eastern James Bay since 1995, representing the largest scale eelgrass decline documented in eastern Canada since the massive die‐off event that occurred in the 1930s along the North Atlantic coast. Using biomass data collected since 1982, but geographically limited to the sector of the coast near the regulated La Grande River, generalized additive modeling revealed eelgrass meadows are affected by local sea surface temperature, early ice breakup, and higher summer freshwater discharge. Our results caution against assuming subarctic seagrass ecosystems have avoided recent global declines or will benefit from ongoing climate warming.
Estimation of the Water Table Position in Unconfined Aquifers with MODFLOW 6
Authors: Herrera Paulo A. , Langevin Christian , Hammond Glenn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe numerical estimation of the position of the water table in unconfined aquifers is important for many practical applications. Its determination through observations or analytical methods is restricted to a few cases. Therefore, it is often estimated through numerical simulations, which may be affected by numerical artifacts and/or poor stability. We use MODFLOW to estimate the position of the water table for a seemingly simple example problem and demonstrate difficulties that can be faced when performing this kind of numerical simulation. We explain the causes for the numerical challenges that originate from the properties of the mathematical equations that must be solved. Based on the results of more than 600 steady‐state simulations, we show how the stability of the numerical solution can be affected by the values of physical parameters that define the problem (e.g., recharge rate, anisotropy ratio, and other parameters that control the numerical algorithm such as settings of the linear and nonlinear solution methods). Finally, we comment on some best practices to apply numerical simulations to estimate the water table position.
Lipopolysaccharides and hydrogen peroxide induce contrasting pathological conditions in dental pulpal cells
Authors: Vaseenon Savitri , Srisuwan Tanida , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and both combined on cell proliferation/differentiation, inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics as indicated by mitochondrial fission/fusion, antioxidants as indicated by superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and apoptosis of human dental pulpal cells (HDPCs).MethodologyPulpal tissues from eight healthy subjects (n = 8) were collected from Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University. Isolated HDPCs from healthy donors were divided into four experimental groups: vehicle, 20 μg/ml LPS, 400 μM H2O2, and the two combined. All experimental groups were investigated to assess cell proliferation, mineralization, differentiation, inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics, antioxidants, and apoptosis.ResultsH2O2and combined agents decreased cell proliferation of HDPCs equally. LPS, H2O2,and both combined decreased mineralization and differentiation with an increase in tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels. Surprisingly, LPS and combined agents increased SOD2 expression and caused an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics. A significant increase in apoptosis was observed in the case of H2O2and combined agents.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that LPS induced inflammation, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, and reduced cell differentiation without altering apoptosis and cell proliferation. However, H2O2decreased cell proliferation, and differentiation, and increased inflammation, and apoptosis without interfering with mitochondrial dynamics. Based on our findings, combining LPS and H2O2could be potentially used as the inducers inin vitrostudy to mimic the clinical pulpitis.
Lycopene extraction from industrial tomato processing waste using emerging technologies, and its application in enriched beverage development
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Rawson Ashish , Kumar Anand , CK Sunil , Vignesh Sivanandham , Venkatachalapathy Natarajan 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe present study aimed to extract lycopene from the industrial tomato processing waste (peel) using emerging technologies such as power ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE), low‐temperature microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), pulsed electric field (PEF)‐assisted extraction (PAE), combined low‐temperature microwave‐power ultrasound‐assisted extraction (MUAE) and combined ultrasound‐pulsed electric field‐assisted extraction (UPAE). A green solvent (ethanol: ethyl acetate, 2:3, v/v) was used for the recovery of lycopene and a mass transfer kinetic approach was used to understand the extraction kinetics of various extraction methods. The highest extraction yield was observed for UPAE treatment with the lycopene yield of 3.56% followed by MUAE with 3.49%. UPAE had the highest antioxidant capacity (87.09% DPPH) compared to other methods. Thus, the green solvent and combination UPAE technology are environmentally sustainable techniques and present a good scope for lycopene recovery. Further, the extracted lycopene was entrapped in oil in water emulsion to develop an enriched lemon juice beverage.
NiMn2O4 revisited: Temperature‐dependent cation distribution from in situ neutron diffraction and thermopower studies
Authors: Dinger Jan , Friedrich Thomas , Reimann Timmy , Töpfer Jörg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe cation distribution of the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor spinel NiMn2O4 was studied in the temperature range from 55 to 900°C, using a combined in situ neutron diffraction and thermopower study. Rietveld refinements of in situ neutron diffraction data reveal a temperature dependence of the degree of inversion with an inversion parameter of 0.70(1) at 900°C and 0.87(1) at 55°C. Thermopower measurements were evaluated using a modified Heikes formula, and the [Mn4+]/[Mn3+] ratio on octahedral sites of the spinel structure was calculated considering spin and orbital degeneracy. The inversion degree and disproportionation parameter, determined independently as function of temperature, were used to calculate the cation distribution of NiMn2O4 in the whole temperature range. At high temperature, within the stability range of the spinel, the cation distribution is characterized by a moderate degree of inversion with a concentration of = 0.71(2) and small tendency toward disproportionation with a high concentration of = 0.98(2). At 55°C, cation inversion is enhanced as illustrated by a large concentration of = 0.87(2), and a small = 0.24(2) content indicates extensive Mn‐disproportionation. Finally, conclusions regarding possible ageing mechanisms of this important NTC thermistor material are drawn.
Changes in prescription patterns and doses of oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (JDDM70)
Authors: Shirabe Shinichiro , Yamazaki Katsuya , Oishi Mariko , Arai Keiko , Yagi Noriharu , Sato Manaka , Takeuchi Masakazu , Kai Takahito , Maegawa Hiroshi 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe assessed the prescription patterns of oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes between 2002 and 2020 using data from the Computerized Diabetes Care database. Among 172,960 patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs, both the sulfonylurea prescription rate and dose decreased from 2002 to 2020. Prescriptions of biguanides, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors increased; their dose and dose frequency remained relatively stable. Trends in oral antidiabetic drug prescriptions changed over time, reflecting guideline recommendations and existing evidence.