bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal attempts and non-suicidal self-injury during gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) – a case report
Authors: Puzio D. , Palka-Szafraniec K. , Makowska I. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTranssexual adolescents frequently present psychiatric comorbidities and psychopathology among which self-injurious behaviours are prominent (Modrego Pardo et al., 2021). GAHT seems to decrease the rate of mental health problems especially in terms of anxiety, depression and hostility (Heylens et al., 2014). However the impact of exogenous cross-sex hormones on non-suicidal and suicidal self-injurious behaviours is not thoroughly understood (Claes et al., 2015).ObjectivesWe present the case of a transsexual boy who was first diagnosed with depression and benign self-injurious behaviours and subsequently - transsexualism.MethodsHe was prescribed a treatment with testosterone depot injections in fortnight intervals. The initiation of testosterone injections co-occurred with the switching of antidepressant drug. Self-injurious behaviours, substance abuse and suicidal attempts were observed regularly after GAHT onset – 10-14 days after a testosterone injection. The lethality and intensity of self-harm was greater than that observed before GAHT. After admission to the psychiatry unit pharmacotherapy was adjusted accordingly to presented symptoms. Remission of self-injurious behaviours followed.ResultsThe incidence of self-injury 10-14 days after the injection of depot testosterone overlaps the peak of serum testosterone levels in treated patients (O’Connor et al., 2004). Moreover, a relative serotonin deficiency in a depressed patient may be insufficient to counteract testosterone believed to be driving aggressive tendencies (Batrinos, 2012).ConclusionsSince psychiatric comorbidity and psychopharmacotherapy in transsexual young population is the rule rather than the exception, careful monitoring and therapy adjustment is crucial for maintaining safety and obtaining best results (Kaltiala et al., 2020).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Stress during the COVID-19 pandemic - impact on neuroplasticity
Authors: Bondar A.C. , Buciuc A.-G. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
The world’s population has been exposed to traumatic events and high levels of stress due to the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Stress is known currently as a universal experience, but the concept was first defined in 1936 by Hans Selye. It has been shown that stress is associated with impairments in neuroplasticity (e.g. neuronal atrophy and synaptic loss in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex) and has a crucial role in almost all mental disorders.ObjectivesIn this paper we aim to highlight the recent theoretical and experimental advances in neuroscience regarding stress induced neuroplasticity.MethodsWe analyzed scientific literature written in English and published between 2019-2021. We used the electronic portal PubMed-NCBI.ResultsIn the last few years, molecular and cellular studies on animal models of stress related and stress-induced psychopathologies revealed alterations in gene expression, micro ARNs expression, as well as in intracellular signaling pathways that mediate the stress induced adaptations. These findings have led to new theories regarding depression and anxiety in the molecular neurobiology field. It has been shown that stress reduces BDNF expression inducing neuronal atrophy in various brain areas. Contrastingly, other studies have demonstrated that chronic antidepressant treatment increases BDNF expression. Furthermore, a crucial role has been assigned to miRNAs in the development of chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior and neuroplasticity.Conclusions
We hope that this paper will increase interest in the field of stress induced cellular and molecular changes. More research needs to be pursued in order to achieve a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of stress-induced mental disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Effectivines of drugs for insomnia treatment
Authors: Jupe T. , Zenelaj B. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionUp to 10% of the US adult population will experience chronic insomnia, with women and elderly individuals at particularly high risk. Cognitive behavioral therapy is the core treatment for insomnia. When cognitive behavioral therapy is not enough, medications can help patients overcome the barriers and learned behaviors that prevent a good night’s sleep.ObjectivesThrough this research we aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of new drugs in the treatment of insomnia.MethodsWe try to do a Bibliographic Review in PubMed using keywords like “insomnia” “new hypnotic drugs” and “effectiveness”ResultsPatients receiving trazodone perceived better sleep quality than those receiving the placebo with a non-significantly moderate heterogeneity. As to secondary efficacy outcomes, we only found a significant reduction for trazodone in the number of awakenings compared to the placebo. Trazodone was effective in sleep maintenance by decreasing the number of early awakenings and it could significantly improve perceived sleep quality, although there were no significant improvements in sleep efficiency or other objective measures. Importantly, lemborexant improves latency to sleep onset and sleep maintenance and is able to help people who experience early morning awakenings. Safety data reveal that lemborexant has minimal residual effects on morning alertness or next day function.ConclusionsUnfortunately, treatment of insomnia is not always that simple. The disorder’s complex underlying pathophysiology warrants consideration of different nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment options. Indeed, recent insights gained from research into the pathophysiology of insomnia have facilitated development of newer treatment approaches with more efficacious outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Features of addictive beliefs with different types of addictions
Authors: Pustovaya A. , Yan Y. , Gutkevich E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionToday, a number of researchers consider the problem of addictive behavior as one of the most global problems for Kazakhstan and Russia. Some scientists consider CBT to be the most effective way to work with addictions. In our country there are no scientific works devoted to the study of addictive beliefs, so we decided to conduct such a study.ObjectivesThe Objective of the study was to identify the characteristic addictive beliefs of drug addicts with different type of addiction: opioids and synthetic cathinones (designer drugs called “salts”, “bath salts”).MethodsQuestionnaire of addictive beliefs by A, Beck, questionnaire of beliefs about cravings by A. Beck and F. Wright, clinical interview. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data processing.ResultsPeople with opioid addiction are more likely to believe that their lives will become more depressive if they stop using drugs (p= 0.0347); that drug use is the only way to cope with pain in their life (p= 0.0347) and that they cannot cope with anxiety without drugs (p=0.009). Respondents who use synthetic psychostimulants endorse to believe that addiction is not a problrm for them (p= 0.0358).ConclusionsHaving categorized these beliefs in accordance with A. Beck’s classification, we came to the conclusion that “relief-oriented beliefs” are more typical for people who use opiates. The motive for use is often the desire to alleviate a negative emotional or physical state. For people using psychostimulants “salt”, “anticipatory beliefs” are more characteristic - the desire to experience euphoria and pleasant experiences.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Alcohol abuse in trans and sexual minority women
Authors: Gouveia P.A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSexual orientation is known to have some influence in alcohol consumption patterns and outcomes. Sexual minority women (SMW) are more likely to develop binge drinking and alcohol use disorder than heterossexual women. Because women tend to be more secretive with their drinking and hesitant to get help, and alcohol is particularly harmful to the female body, SMW pose particular challenges.ObjectivesReview the latest research on alcoholism in SMW, focusing on various specificities of this population.MethodsLiterature review in the PubMed database, using the MESH terms “alcohol use disorder”, “women”, “female”, “trans woman”, “adult”. Free full text, publication in the last 5 years, English or Portuguese and article typology filters were applied. Following primary hits, secondary references were checked and a total of 10 articles were included. Results were grouped in epidemiological, etiological, therapeutical and prognostic specificities.ResultsData indicate that lesbian and bisexual women, compared to heterosexuals, are twice as likely to engage in binge drinking. AUD prevalence and patterns of alcohol use are especially higher among younger SMW. The influence of sexual orientation on alcohol use and related outcomes seems to be greater among women than men. Regarding etiology, internalized stigma, minority stress, victimization experiences, social norms and policies are the main culprits Even though SMW are more likely to report and ask hor help, many do not receive adequate treatment. SMW show an incresed risk of developing other complications, such as physical injuries, sexual assault, liver or cardiac disease.ConclusionsSexual minority women are particularly vulnerable to alcohol-related harms. Interventions especially directed to SMW need to be developed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The effect of contamination disgust on Covid-19-related anxiety
Authors: Santarelli G. , Innocenti M. , Faggi V. , Galassi F. , Castellini G. , Ricca V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIt is proven that high levels of disgust contribute to implementing protective behaviors. Investigators also discovered that the emotion of disgust plays a central role in determining anxiety related to the contraction of COVID-19. Few data are available about the role of the contamination disgust, a specific disgust domain, in this relationship.ObjectivesThe effect of contamination disgust on COVID-19-related anxiety was investigated.Methods
295 healthy subjects were enrolled through an online survey. They completed Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R) and were asked to estimate their levels of Covid-19-related anxiety in 12 proposed situations. A total score was then calculated. An ANOVA model having Covid-19-related anxiety total score as dependent variable, and DS-R contamination disgust, age, and sex as predictors was estimated.ResultsThe overall model was significant (F(3,291)=6.402, p<0.001) and explained 6.2% of total Covid-19 anxiety variance (R2=0.062). The effect of DS-R contamination disgust on Covid-19-related anxiety was positive, significant (B=0.974, t(291)=3.227, p=0.001) and explained 3.5% of Covid-19-related anxiety variance (partial η2=0.035). A significant effect of sex was detected
(F(1,291)=4.919, p=0.027), with females having higher Covid-19-related anxiety than males, while no effect was detected for age (B=-0.024, t(291)=-0.884, p=0.377).ConclusionsThe presented data provide preliminary evidence for an effect of contamination disgust on Covid-19-related anxiety.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The impact of psychiatric disorders of parents on the severity of substance use disorder in their offspring
Authors: El-Makawi S. , Abou El Magd S. , Nagy N. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
There is a lack of evidence in the literature about the impact of offspring addiction and their parents’ mental health. Objective is to explore psychiatric disorders in parents of patients with substance dependence and their effect on the severity of their addiction.ObjectivesTo evaluate psychiatric disorders in parents of patients with substance dependence and their effect on the severity of their addiction.MethodsThis is a cross sectional study contained group (A) 150 patients diagnosed with substance dependence according to DSM-IV. Patients were recruited form Psychiatry and Addiction Hospital of Cairo University. Group (B) included one or both parents of the patients group. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was used for the patients.ResultsIn the patients group, mean age was 24.89 (±4.52). 96% of them were males 4% were females. In the parent group, mean age was 51.59 (±5.48). 84% of them were mothers 16 % were females. Patients group was associated with moderate degree of education (46.7%), 73.3% were single and 64% were unemployed. Anxiety disorders (80%) and depressive disorders (69.3%) were the most prevalent among parents group. ASI score was statistically significant in predicting the incidence of parents psychotic and schizoid disorders (100% sensitivity, 86.3% specificity, AUC=0.887, P value <0.0001).Besides we found a significant correlation between patients ASI scores and parents psychiatric disorder.ConclusionsThis result emphasizes the relation between patient substance use disorder and psychiatric disorder of their parents. Patients ASI score may be a possible measure for parents mental disorder. Further research is needed to validate our findings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A Network Analysis Study Investigating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Dissociation Comorbidity in a UK Armed Forces Veteran Sample
Authors: Armour C. , Mcglinchey E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAn established body of literature has identified that PTSD and dissociation are comorbid. Furthermore, the DSM introduced a dissociative subtype of PTSD into their most recent update; DSM-5.ObjectivesThe current study aimed to examine symptom-level associations between PTSD and dissociation using network analysis among UK Armed Forces veterans resident in Northern Ireland (NI) to identify if there are certain symptoms that may act as bridges between the two constructs.MethodsA large scale cross sectional survey was conducted examining the physical and mental wellbeing of UK Armed Forces Veterans living in NI. The total eligible sample size was 619 (89.8% male), with a mean age of 55.38 years (SD = 10.41). Two networks were estimated, (1) a network consisting of 20 DSM-5 PTSD items and (2) a network consisting of 20 PTSD items and four dissociative items. Expected influence bridge centrality was calculated to examine symptoms with the most/strongest cross-domain associations (i.e. between PTSD and dissociation). The presence of meaningful clustering among symptoms was also explored.Results
The PTSD symptoms ‘concentration problems’, ‘flashbacks’ and ‘negative emotional state’ had the highest relative bridge expected influence centrality. Of the four dissociative items, ‘gaps in awareness’ had the highest relative bridge expected influence centrality, followed by ‘cognitive-behavioural re-experiencing’. A community structure of five clusters was detected. Four clusters reflected each subscale of the PCL-5 PTSD items and the final cluster reflected the dissociation items.ConclusionsThis study extends our understanding of PTSD and disociation comorbidity by investigating symptom level relationships; potentially informing future treatments and interventions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Behavior of addicted patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bencharfa Z. , Amara Y. , Tbatou L. , El Omari F. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic led governments to take a number of restrictive measures, which had an impact on the consumption of psychoactive substances among the world population.ObjectivesThe present study, carried out by the Addictology Center of Ar-razi Hospital in Salé, aimed to evaluate the behavior of addicted patients followed in ambulatory care, during the Covid-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 128 patients, through a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic factors, psychiatric history, type and quantity of substances used during the pandemic, and withdrawal attempts.ResultsThe primary substance used was tobacco, followed by Cannabis, alcohol, hypnotics, and then Cocaine.63% of patients reported an increase in their consumption during the pandemic, 64% started new substances, mainly Cannabis, followed by organic solvents.The monthly amount spent by our patients varied from 300 to 40,000 dhs/month, the source of this amount was legal in 92.2% of the cases, 43.8% had already been incarcerated or taken into custody as a result of this consumption.78% of our patients had already tried to wean themselves off the drug, but only 39% were able to succeed.ConclusionsThe pandemic had a profound effect on the incidence of substance use.Confining the population has indeed reduced the transmission of the virus, but it is far from harmless for the mind.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficiency of the original flavonoids composition based on Curcumin in chronic alcohol intoxication
Authors: Markova E. , Goldina I. , Savkin I. , Knyazheva M. , Smyk A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMultiple tissue and organ damage induced by ethanol toxic effects requires prescription of a wide range of drugs that have a positive symptomatic effect, while simultaneously increasing the toxic load on the body, which necessitates the search for new approaches to the therapy of alcoholism, possibly with the use of parapharmaceuticals.ObjectivesThe anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of curcuminoids, as well as their ability to influence the epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation, can provide a positive therapeutic effect in alcoholism by influencing the pathogenetic mechanisms of this pathology, which determines the relevance and prospects of studying their effects during chronic ethanol intoxication.Methods(CBAxC57Bl/6) F1 male mice with 6-month 10% ethanol exposure were undergoing administration of original composition of flavonoids based on Curcumin for 40 days. Animal’s alcohol consumption, behavior and immune parameters were estimated.Results
As a result of flavonoids original composition administration, correction of the changes in the nervous system functional activity, caused by the chronic toxic effect of ethanol has been achieved (decrease in alcoholic motivation, exploratory behavior stimulation, modulation of the cytokines level in brain, indicating a neuroinflammation decrease). We also registered the immune system functional activity modulation (stimulation of immune response and lymphocytes proliferative activity) in mice with alcohol dependence.ConclusionsThe original composition of flavonoids against the background of long-term alcohol consumption has a positive psychoneuroimmunomodulatory effect, which serves as an experimental substantiation of the prospects of using the composition as an adjuvant in the treatment of chronic alcoholism.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
prevalence of addictions among students at the High School of The Health Sciences and Techniques of Sousse
Authors: Betbout I. , Amemou B. , Ben Haouala A. , Sghaier A. , Sahli M. , Zaafrane F. , Mhalla A. , Gaha L. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAddiction isfrequent in youngsubjects, particularly in students, who are in contact with psychoactive substances such as drugs, tobacco, alcohol, and cannabisObjectivesThe objectives of our study were to investigate the prevalence of addictions among ESSTSS students and to determine the factors associated with addictions.MethodsA descriptive correlational cross-sectional study was conducted at ESSTSS among 122 students for 2 months (March and April 2021). The data was collectedusing a questionnaire administered to the students.ResultsThere were 102 women and 20 men with an averageage of 20.96 years. theprevalence of drug use was 56.6% according to DAST-10, with addiction notedin 5.7% of cases. The prevalence of tobacco use was 35.3% according to the Fagerstörm test, with 23.3% of the students being highlyaddicted to tobacco. The prevalence of alcohol use was 29.5%, 35% for men, and 28.43% for womenaccording to the AUDIT, alcoholdependence was notedin 14.3% of men and 6.9% of women. The prevalence of cannabis use was 16.4% according to the CAST test, a high risk of dependence was observedin 20% of cases. The analytical study showedthat the factors associated with addiction were age, gender, year of study, and specialtyConclusionsThe prevalence of substance use among health science students is significant and since the use of these substances has a detrimental effect on health itisbetter to understand the associated factors and this obliges us to establish appropriate preventive interventionsDisclosureNo significant relationships.
“Walking with myself by my side” - non-medical use of Ketamine
Authors: Vaz R. , Martins J. , Costa A. , Brás J. , Sousa R. , Almeida E. , Abreu J. , Teixeira D. , Marques A. , Gil N. , Carriço P. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionKetamine, synthesized in 1962 as phencyclidine derivate, is denominated a “dissociative anesthetic” because of its side-effects, such as dissociative episodes and psychotic-like symptoms, which have limited its applicability on clinical practice. Otherwise, in the last decades the non-medical use of ketamine has been growing and today is one of the most popular illicit substances consumed between adolescents and young adults.ObjectivesIncreasing the knowledge and understanding of the factors related to crescent use of ketamine and the experiences and consequences associated to its consumption.MethodsClinical interview with patients diagnosed with ketamine use disorder and bibliographic research in Pubmed database using the terms “Ketamine use” and “Ketamine addiction”.ResultsPat et al. (2002) describes a clinical case of a young male, diagnosed with substance use disorders, specifically alcohol and cocaine use disorders, that started a treatment with ketamine. After the treatment, pleasant depersonalization experiences contributed to the development of patient’s ketamine dependence. Other patient’s reports confirm the association of ketamine use with psychedelic effects and dissociative episodes and pointed these effects as main reason for its consumption.ConclusionsThe adverse effects that limited the medical use of ketamine are the same that promote its utilization with recreational purposes by adolescents and young adults in parties and nightclubs. About the ketamine dependence, the literature is scarce and doesn´t clearly identify a physical withdrawal syndrome, pointing only to a serious psychological dependence. Thus, with the crescent non-medical use of ketamine, it’s urgent to develop an intervention plan directed to this problem.DisclosureNo significant relationships.