bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of the invasive Asian bush mosquito Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Vojtíšek Jakub , Janssen Nele , Šikutová Silvie , Šebesta Oldřich , Kampen Helge , Rudolf Ivo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Aedes japonicus is a mosquito species native to North-East Asia that was first found established outside its original geographic distribution range in 1998 and has since spread massively through North America and Europe. In the Czech Republic, the species was not reported before 2021.

Methods
Aedes invasive mosquitoes (AIM) are routinely surveyed in the Czech Republic by ovitrapping at potential entry ports. This surveillance is supported by appeals to the population to report uncommon mosquitoes. The submission of an Ae. japonicus specimen by a citizen in 2021 was followed by local search for aquatic mosquito stages in the submitter’s garden and short-term adult monitoring with encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) traps in its surroundings. Collected Ae. japonicus specimens were subjected to nad4 haplotype and microsatellite analyses.

Results
Aedes japonicus was detected for the first time in the Czech Republic in 2021. Aquatic stages and adults were collected in Prachatice, close to the Czech-German border, and eggs in Mikulov, on the Czech-Austrian border. Morphological identification was confirmed by molecular taxonomy. Genetic analysis of specimens and comparison of genetic data with those of other European populations, particularly from Germany, showed the Prachatice specimens to be most closely related to a German population. The Mikulov specimens were more distantly related to those, with no close relatives identifiable.

Conclusions
Aedes japonicus is already widely distributed in Germany and Austria, two countries neighbouring the Czech Republic, and continues to spread rapidly in Central Europe. It must therefore be assumed that the species is already present at more than the two described localities in the Czech Republic and will further spread in this country. These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive AIM surveillance in the Czech Republic.

Graphical Abstract
Gregarine parasites are adapted to mosquito winter diapause
Authors: Martin Edwige , Vallon Laurent , Da Silva Carvalho Camille , Girard Maxime , Minard Guillaume 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is one of the most invasive species of mosquito. The prevalence of its apicomplexan gregarine parasite Ascogregarina taiwanensis is high in natural populations across both temperate and tropical regions. However, the parasite’s oocysts cannot colonize the insect host during winter, when the mosquito lays diapausing eggs. It is therefore unclear if the parasite can survive outside of its insect host during the cold season in temperate regions. Oocysts stored for 1 month at a low temperature (representative of the temperatures that occur during periods of mosquito diapause) were as infectious as fresh oocysts, but those stored for the same period of time at a higher temperature (representative of the temperatures that occur during periods of mosquito activity) were uninfectious. We therefore suggest that the parasite has evolved traits that maximize its maintenance during periods of mosquito dormancy, while traits that would enable its long term survival during periods of mosquito activity have not been selected for.
Emergence dynamics of adult Culicoides biting midges at two farms in south-east England
Authors: Stokes Jessica Eleanor , Carpenter Simon , Sanders Christopher , Gubbins Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundCulicoidesbiting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of livestock arboviruses that cause diseases with significant economic, social and welfare impacts. Within temperate regions, livestock movement during arbovirus outbreaks can be facilitated by declaring a ‘seasonal vector-free period’ (SVFP) during winter when adultCulicoidesare not active. In this study we carry out long-term monitoring ofCulicoidesadult emergence from larval development habitats at two farms in the UK to validate current definitions of the SVFP and to provide novel bionomic data for known vector species.MethodsStandard emergence traps were used to collect emerging adultCulicoidesfrom dung heaps at two cattle farms in the south-east of England from June to November 2016 and March 2017 to May 2018.Culicoideswere morphologically identified to species or complex level and count data were analysed using a simple population dynamic model for pre-adultCulicoidesthat included meteorological components.ResultsMore than 96,000Culicoideswere identified from 267 emergence trapping events across 2 years, revealing clear evidence of bivoltinism from peaks of male populations ofCulicoidesobsoletusemerging from dung heaps. This pattern was also reflected in the emergence of adult female Obsoletus complex populations, which dominated the collections (64.4% of total catch) and emerged throughout the adult active period. Adult maleC. obsoletuswere observed emerging earlier than females (protandry) and emergence of both sexes occurred throughout the year.Culicoides chiopterusandCulicoides scoticuswere also identified in spring emergence collections, providing the first evidence for the overwintering of larvae in dung heaps for these species.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates continual and highly variable rates of emergence ofCulicoidesthroughout the year. A lack of evidence for mass emergence in spring along with the ability to observe male generations highlights the need for complementary surveillance techniques in addition to light-trap data when investigating seasonality and phenology. Evidence was found of other vector species,C. chiopterusandC. scoticus, utilising cattle dung heaps as an overwintering habitat, further highlighting the importance of these habitats on farms.Graphical Abstract
A new pachypleurosaur from the Early Ladinian Prosanto Formation in the Eastern Alps of Switzerland
Authors: Klein Nicole , Furrer Heinz , Ehrbar Iris , Torres Ladeira Marta , Richter Henning , Scheyer Torsten M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Alpine Prosanto Formation (Middle Triassic) cropping out in the Ducan region in eastern Switzerland has yielded a rich fish and reptile fauna. Here, we present new pachypleurosaur remains from the upper part of the formation (Early Ladinian), similar to the previously known pachypleurosaurs from the Middle Triassic UNESCO World Heritage Site of Monte San Giorgio in southern Switzerland/northern Italy. From these remains, a new pachypleurosaur species, Prosantosaurus scheffoldi nov. gen. et spec., is described on the basis of six fairly complete skeletons, one disarticulated specimen and an isolated skull. As is typical for pachypleurosaurs and most other Triassic marine reptiles, the new taxon is based to a large degree on a combination of characters (e.g., nasals articulating broadly with the anterior margins of the prefrontals and lacking posterior processes; postorbitals with rounded anterior processes that articulate with the postfrontals anterolaterally) rather than on many unambiguous autapomorphies, although a few of the latter were found including (1) a premaxilla which is excluded from entering both the external and internal nares and (2) a parietal, which is distinctly longer than wide and carrying distinct anterolaterally angled processes. Phylogenetic relationships of the new taxon are tested within European Pachypleurosauria, revealing that the new species is the sister taxon to a clade including Serpianosaurus, Proneusticosaurus, and the monophyletic Neusticosaurus spp. Mapping of palaeogeographic and stratigraphical distribution of valid European pachypleurosaurs shows that a formerly proposed scenario of migration of pachypleurosaurs from the eastern Palaeotethys during the Olenekian into the Germanic Basin and a subsequent diversification and invasion during the Anisian into the intraplatform basins of the South Alpine realm must be re-assessed. The exceptional preservation and preparation of the Ducan fossils further allow the description of tooth replacement patterns for the first time in a European pachypleurosaur species. The “alveolarization” of replacement teeth, the horizontal replacement pattern, and the subsequent remodelling of the functional alveoli during tooth replacement supports the monophyly of Sauropterygia as discussed before.
Hyaluronic acid production and characterization by novel Bacillus subtilis harboring truncated Hyaluronan Synthase
Authors: Amjad Zanjani Fatemeh Sadat , Afrasiabi Shadi , Norouzian Dariush , Ahmadian Gholamreza , Hosseinzadeh Sara Ali , Fayazi Barjin Alireza , Cohan Reza Ahangari , Keramati Malihe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHyaluronic Acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer that has important physiological and industrial applications due to its viscoelastic and hydrophilic characteristics. The responsible enzyme for HA production is Hyaluronan synthase (HAS). Although in vitro structure–function of intact HAS enzyme has been partly identified, there is no data on in vivo function of truncated HAS forms. In the current study, novel recombinant Bacillus subtilis strains harboring full length (RBSFA) and truncated forms of SeHAS (RBSTr4 and RBSTr3) were developed and HA production was studied in terms of titer, production rate and molecular weight (Mw). The maximum HA titer for RBSFA, RBSTr4 and RBSTr3 was 602 ± 16.6, 503 ± 19.4 and 728 ± 22.9 mg/L, respectively. Also, the HA production rate was 20.02, 15.90 and 24.42 mg/L.h−1, respectively. The findings revealed that RBSTr3 produced 121% and 137% more HA rather than RBSFA and RBSTr4, respectively. More interestingly, the HA Mw was about 60 kDa for all strains which is much smaller than those obtained in prior studies.
Estimates for p-adic fractional integral operator and its commutators on p-adic Morrey–Herz spaces
Authors: Sarfraz Naqash , Aslam Muhammad , Zaman Mir , Jarad Fahd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis research investigates the boundedness of ap-adic fractional integral operator onp-adic Morrey–Herz spaces. In particular,p-adic central bounded mean oscillations$(C\dot{M}O)$(CM˙O)and Lipschitz estimate for commutators of thep-adic fractional integral operator are provided as well.
BMSC-derived exosomes protect against kidney injury through regulating klotho in 5/6 nephrectomy rats
Authors: Wan Feng , Yang Ru-chun , Tang Yue-wen , Tang Xuan-li , Ye Tian , Zheng Jie , Zhang Hua-qin , Lin Yi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of exosomes derived from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in a rat model of 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx)-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
A rat model of 5/6 Nx-induced CKD was established using conventional method. rBMSC-derived exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and characterized. The exosomes were injected into 5/6 Nx rats through the caudal vein. After 12 weeks, 24 h proteinuria, serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were evaluated, and renal pathology was analyzed by H&E and Masson staining, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of klotho was analyzed and the activity of the klotho promoter was evaluated using a luciferase reporter assay.

Results
The isolated exosomes showed typical morphological features. Exosomes transplantation reduced 24 h urinary protein excretion, and SCr and BUN levels in 5/6 Nx-induced CKD rats. Furthermore, renal pathology was improved in the exosome-treated 5/6 Nx rats. Mechanistically, the exosomes significantly upregulated the activity of klotho promoter and its expression.

Conclusions
Transplantation of rBMSC-derived exosomes may protect against kidney injury, probably by regulating klotho activity and expression. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the application of rBMSC-derived exosomes in CKD therapy.
Resveratrol’s neural protective effects for the injured embryoid body and cerebral organoid
Authors: Wang Yanli , Wei Tingting , Wang Qiang , Zhang Chaonan , Li Keyan , Deng Jinbo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Resveratrol (RSV) is a polyphenol compound found in grapes, veratrum and other plants. It has been reported that RSV has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and other pharmacological effects. However, the impacts of RSV on development of nervous system are not understood well. The study aims to investigate RSV’s neuroprotective effect during development and to provide a health care for pregnant women and their fetuses with RSV supplementation.

Methods
In this study, we induced human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to form the embryoid bodies (EBs) and cerebral organoids (COs) with 3 dimensional (3D) culture. In the meantime, D-galactose (D-gal, 5 mg/ml) was used to make nervous injury model, and on the other hand, RSV with various doses, such as 2 μm/L, 10 μm/L, 50 μm/L, were applied to understand its neuroprotection. Therefore, the cultures were divided into control group, D-gal nervous injury group and RSV intervention groups. After that, the diameters of EBs and COs were measured regularly under a reverted microscope. In the meantime, the neural proliferation, cell apoptosis and the differentiation of germ layers were detected via immunofluorescence.

Results
(1) D-gal could delay the development of EBs and COs; (2) RSV could rescue the atrophy of EBs and COs caused by D-gal; (3) RSV showed its neuroprotection, through promoting the neural cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and accelerating the differentiation of germ layers.

Conclusion
RSV has a neuroprotective effect on the development of the nervous system, suggesting RSV supplementation may be necessary during the health care of pregnancy and childhood.
Diagnostic tests for titanium hypersensitivity in implant dentistry: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Müller-Heupt Lena Katharina , Schiegnitz Eik , Kaya Sebahat , Jacobi-Gresser Elisabeth , Kämmerer Peer Wolfgang , Al-Nawas Bilal 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThere are rising concerns about titanium hypersensitivity reaction regarding dental endosseous implants. This review aims to summarize and compare the validity and reliability of the available dermatological and laboratory diagnostic tests regarding titanium hypersensitivity. The following PICO design was used: In Patients with titanium dental implants (P) does epicutaneous testing (ECT) (I), compared to lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) or Memory Lymphocyte Immunostimulation Assay (MELISA) (C) detect hypersensitivity reactions (O)? A literature search was performed including all studies dealing with this topic. Studies regarding orthopedic implants were excluded.MethodsThree databases (MEDLINE PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO) were screened for suitable studies and an additional manual search was also performed. Literature regarding hypersensitivity reactions in orthopedic implants, hypersensitivity reactions regarding implants not related to dental or maxillofacial surgery, animal studies and in vitro studies were excluded. A quality assessment of all selected full-text articles was performed. Randomized, controlled trials were evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool I. Cohort studies were assessed according to the New Castle–Ottawa Scale and case series according to Moga et al. (Development of a quality appraisal tool for case series studies using a modified Delphi technique. 2012).Results10 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis and available for the endpoint diagnostics of intolerance reactions to titanium dental implants: 2 clinical studies, 7 cohort studies and 1 case series. The potential for bias (internal validity) for these studies was overall rated as high.ConclusionsThe study of the available literature regarding ECT and MELISA or LTT in patients with suspected titanium hypersensitivity showed inconsistent results in terms of reliability and validity and thus, those tests should be regarded cautiously. There is strong evidence that titanium hypersensitivity in dental implants is associated with innate immunity: unspecific pro-inflammatory responses due to particle induced hyperreactivity of macrophages or toxicological responses especially towards nanoparticles rather than activation of the adaptive immune system. Therefore, tests detecting allergies do not seem expedient and inflammatory clinical signs should be regarded as leading parameters.Graphical Abstract
Measuring the model risk-adjusted performance of machine learning algorithms in credit default prediction
Authors: Alonso Robisco Andrés , Carbó Martínez José Manuel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractImplementing new machine learning (ML) algorithms for credit default prediction is associated with better predictive performance; however, it also generates new model risks, particularly concerning the supervisory validation process. Recent industry surveys often mention that uncertainty about how supervisors might assess these risks could be a barrier to innovation. In this study, we propose a new framework to quantify model risk-adjustments to compare the performance of several ML methods. To address this challenge, we first harness the internal ratings-based approach to identify up to 13 risk components that we classify into 3 main categories—statistics, technology, and market conduct. Second, to evaluate the importance of each risk category, we collect a series of regulatory documents related to three potential use cases—regulatory capital, credit scoring, or provisioning—and we compute the weight of each category according to the intensity of their mentions, using natural language processing and a risk terminology based on expert knowledge. Finally, we test our framework using popular ML models in credit risk, and a publicly available database, to quantify some proxies of a subset of risk factors that we deem representative. We measure the statistical risk according to the number of hyperparameters and the stability of the predictions. The technological risk is assessed through the transparency of the algorithm and the latency of the ML training method, while the market conduct risk is quantified by the time it takes to run a post hoc technique (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to interpret the output.
New corporate social responsibility brand evaluation in a developing country: Uzbekistan
Authors: Ataniyazova Zamira , Friedman Barry A. , Kiran Prabha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrganizations strive to satisfy salient and unmet consumer needs by providing value through their products and services. If environmentally sustainable “green” brands successfully exist by addressing environmental issues in developed countries where environmental consciousness is high, there may be a potential for the existence of newly created CSR brands that aim to deliver socio-economic benefits in developing countries. We empirically tested the potential of a brand that offers socio-economic corporate social responsibility benefits in a developing country- Uzbekistan.As Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in developing countries is a relatively new concept with little empirical research, this research examined the impact that brands with socio-economic CSR initiatives have on consumers’ purchase intentions. In addition, brands with socio-economic CSR initiatives were compared with brands with no CSR initiatives. Drawing on both marketing and psychological theories, we hypothesized that brands with socio-economic benefits would be received more favorably by consumers in developing countries where economic needs are more salient.To empirically test the hypotheses, 397 Uzbekistan consumers responded to an online survey. The Brand Potential Index indicators were regressed on consumers’ purchase intentions to a brand with CSR socio-economic benefits and to a brand with no CSR benefits. Regarding the brand with socio-economic benefits, consumers’ perception of brand uniqueness, potential popularity, trust, empathy, and recommendation significantly predicted buying intentions. In contrast, only trust and recommendation significantly predicted buying intention for the brand that lacked socio-economic benefits. While both were significant, the relationship between the BPI indicators was stronger for the brand with socio-economic benefits (R2 = .63 versus .49, p < .001). Consumers were more willing to pay a price premium for the brand with socio-economic benefits even though they perceived such brands were of lower quality.The results supported the potential of CSR brands in developing countries that focus on socio-economic benefits. This research adds value to our understanding of CSR in developing countries, and predictors of consumer purchase intentions using theory from both the marketing and psychological literature. Implications for brand management and future research are provided, including the need to target CSR initiatives that are salient to consumers.
The role of myocarditis in the acute phase of Kawasaki as a predictor of the future coronary aneurysm: a case–control study
Authors: Mousavi Torshizi Mahdieh , Raeeskarami Seyed-Reza , Tahghighi Fatemeh , Malakan-Rad Elaheh , Moradinejad Mohammad-Hassan , Aghighi Yahya , Ziaee Vahid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cardiac troponin I and T (cTnI, cTnT) and creatine kinase (CK)-MB during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) and the development of coronary artery involvement (CAI).

Results
Ninety children diagnosed with KD and 38 attending ambulatory clinics as controls were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of cardiac enzymes were measured in all case and control groups. Serial echocardiograms were performed in KD patients during the acute, subacute and convalescence phases. Thirty-six percent of patients had CAI during the acute phase of KD; this rate was 21% and 18% in the echocardiography in the sub-acute and convalescent-phase, respectively. Elevated serum cTnI and cTnT levels were seen in 15.5% and 10% of KD patients, respectively, but not in the controls (P < 0.01). Patients with abnormal echocardiography had significantly higher levels of CK-MB but cTnI and cTnT. Cardiac troponins have high specificity, and CK-MB had a high sensitivity for predicting CAI in KD.

Conclusion
Subclinical myocarditis occurs during KD, and serum cardiac troponin levels are significantly elevated, but cardiac biomarkers cannot predict CAI in the future.