bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The child everyone has inside: anthropology and the labor theory of value
Authors: Angosto-Ferrández Luis F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper revisits the debate on the relevance of the labor theory of value for the anthropological task. It argues that the labor theory of value can creatively inform and reformulate in critical ways a variety of social issues addressed through anthropological lenses. The argument is sustained by two main exercises: first, a critical overview of the foundations of the labor theory of value outlines the reasons why it opened new grounds for anthropological and, more generally, for social-scientific enquiries. Second, a discussion of the key points of friction between scholarship that attempts to develop an “anthropological” theory of value as an end in itself and anthropological scholarship that resorts to the (labor) theory of value to critically inform research.
Diverse phytoplasmas associated with maize bushy stunt disease in Peru
Authors: Gamarra Delia Gamarra , Villar Charo Milagros , Suarez Gilberto Torres , Esteban Walter Darlyn Ingaruca , Contaldo Nicoletta , Lozano Emerson Clovis Carrasco , Bertaccini Assunta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCorn plants showing symptoms of midribs chlorosis, and leaf reddening, short internodes, ear proliferation, and plant growth reduction were collected in Peru from fields in nine localities in the provinces of Huancayo, Chupaca, and Jauja in the Junín region, and tested to verify phytoplasma presence and identity. Primers amplifying the phytoplasma ribosomal 16S and ribosomal protein genes were used. The phytoplasma presence was detected in symptomatic samples from all the surveyed areas. The sequencing of the obtained amplicons indicated the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ and ‘Ca. P. pruni’-related strains. A BLASTn search of sequenced genes showed that the two ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ strains identified in corn shares 100% and 99.82% identity with the ‘Ca. P. asteris’ strains from maize and 99.92% and 99.55% with ‘Ca. P. pruni’-related strains, respectively. The RFLP analyses allowed to enclose these phytoplasma strains in the 16SrI-B and 16SrIII-J subgroups; however, the two phytoplasmas were, in some cases, present in mixed infection. The 16SrIII-J phytoplasma is for the first time reported associated with the maize bushy stunt disease and this represent a relevant information for the disease epidemiology towards its appropriate management in the affected area.
Primordial Black Holes from Collapsing Antimatter
Authors: Etesi Gábor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper a simple (i.e. free of fine-tuning, etc.) new mechanism for primordial black hole formation based on the collapse of large antimatter systems in the early Universe is introduced. A peculiarity of this process is that, compared to their material counterparts, the collapse of large antimatter systems takes much less time due to the reversed thermodynamics of antimatter, an idea which has been proposed in our earlier paper Etesi (2021). This model has several testable predictions. The first is that the photon-baryon ratio is roughly computable and is equal to $$3.03\times 10^9$$

3.03
×

10
9

which is quite close to its experimentally confirmed value. The second is that the mass of black holes arising from this mechanism is at least $$10^5$$

10
5

-$$10^6M_\odot$$

10
6

M
⊙

hence they contribute to the super- or hypermassive end of the primordial black hole mass spectrum. The third prediction is that these sort of primordial black holes constitute at least $$20\%$$

20
%

of dark matter. Last but not least the observed current asymmetry of matter and antimatter, even if their presence in the Universe was symmetric in the beginning, acquires a natural explanation, too.
Does this Answer Make Sense? Primary School Students and Adults Judge the Reasonableness of Computational Results in Context-Based and Context-Free Mathematical Tasks
Authors: Deslis Dimitrios , Desli Despoina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This study investigates students’ and adults’ performance in judging reasonableness of computational results, namely reflecting on whether these results qualify as acceptable answers to mathematical tasks. Data was gathered via task-based questionnaires from 160 participants, evenly divided between fifth-graders and adults. Their responses to a systematically varied collection of context-free and context-based items shed light on their performance and strategies in relation to two interrelated aspects of reasonableness: number relationships and the effect of operations (internal reasonableness) and the practicality of answers (external reasonableness). The results revealed that students were better at utilising the former criterion compared to the latter, while for adults, the opposite was found. However, adults clearly outperformed students in both aspects. Task characteristics such as the involved numbers and operations, and the correctness or incorrectness of computation results, were found to be associated with fluctuations in performance, although the effect differed between context-free and context-based items. Algorithm- and rule-based strategies were more popular than sense-making ones especially among students, although only the latter type was correlated with increased correct response rates. Students often failed to obtain results that made sense considering real-life situations or the involved numbers and operations. Instead, they blindly trusted algorithms and rules, even when their use was inappropriate or insufficient. The findings highlight that to help students refine their ability to judge reasonableness, mathematics classrooms should prioritise the development of number sense and promote the search for connections between school mathematics and everyday life.
Conceptualising the Cosmos: Development and Validation of the Cosmology Concept Inventory for High School
Authors: Salimpour Saeed , Tytler Russell , Doig Brian , Fitzgerald Michael T. , Eriksson Urban 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCosmology concepts encompass complex spatial and temporal relations that are counterintuitive. Cosmology findings, because of their intrinsic interest, are often reported in the public domain with enthusiasm, and students come to cosmology with a range of conceptions some aligned and some at variance with the current science. This makes cosmology concepts challenging to teach, and also challenging to evaluate students’ conceptual understanding. This study builds on previous research of the authors investigating the methodological challenges for characterising students’ cosmology conceptions and the reasoning underlying these. Insights from student responses in two iterations of an open-ended instrument were used to develop a concept inventory that combined cosmological conceptions with reasoning levels based on the SOLO taxonomy. This paper reports on the development and validation of the Cosmology Concept Inventory (CosmoCI) for high school. CosmoCI is a 28-item multiple-choice instrument that was implemented with grade 10 and 11 school students (n = 234) in Australia and Sweden. Using Rasch analysis in the form of a partial credit model (PCM), the paper describes a validated progression in student reasoning in cosmology across four conceptual dimensions, supporting the utility of CosmoCI as an assessment tool which can also instigate rich discussions in the science classroom.
Toxicity of bisphenol A and its structural congeners to microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus
Authors: Czarny-Krzymińska Karolina , Krawczyk Barbara , Szczukocki Dominik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBisphenol A and its structural congeners are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants with toxic and estrogenic potential that have been widely used in many consumer products. Due to their widespread occurrence in aquatic environment, they could pose risks to the primary producers, such as microalgae. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the toxicity of bisphenol A, its six structural congeners, and their mixture towards the green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Desmodesmus armatus. Bisphenol A (average 14 days, EC50: 42.29 mg L−1) exhibited less harmful effect than structural congeners, such as bisphenol AF, bisphenol G, bisphenol X for C. vulgaris (average 14 days, EC50: 22.39 mg L−1) and bisphenol AF, bisphenol G, bisphenol M, bisphenol X for D. armatus (average 14 days, EC50: 27.16 mg L−1), respectively. Moreover, exposure to combined bisphenol A and its structural congeners leads to synergistic effects. Thus, the increased adverse effect caused by complex chemical mixture poses a greater risk to microalgae. The order of toxic effect (14 days, EC50) of individual and combined structural congeners was: bisphenol G > bisphenol X > mixture > bisphenol AF > bisphenol A > bisphenol Y > bisphenol M > bisphenol P for C. vulgaris and mixture > bisphenol G > bisphenol X > bisphenol M > bisphenol AF > bisphenol A > bisphenol Y > bisphenol P for D. armatus, respectively. This is the first time that the toxicity of structural congeners of bisphenol A and its mixture to microalgae is described. Furthermore, these results were conducted to assess potential ecological risk of these compounds in the aquatic environment.
Organogelators with dual β- and α-nucleating ability in isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Horváth Flóra , Bodrogi Dominika , Hilt Bendegúz , Pregi Emese , Menyhárd Alfréd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNucleation efficiency and the special supermolecular structure formed in the presence of novel nucleating agents, N,N′-dicyclohexylsuberoylamide and N,N′-dicyclohexylsebacoylamide are presented in this work. The nucleation effect is studied in isotactic polypropylene (iPP). The melting and crystallization processes as well as the polymorphic composition are studied using calorimetric and thermo-optical techniques, while the solubility of the nucleating agents is studied by rheology. The properties of the iPP products nucleated by the novel compounds are characterized by conventional tensile and impact tests and the optical properties are measured by standardized haze measurements. The results indicated clearly that the studied nucleating agents are partially soluble in the iPP melt and possess dual nucleating ability. The formation of β-phase is evidenced by the calorimetric and thermo-optical measurements. The morphology of the nucleated samples shows similarity to iPP nucleated by well-known soluble “organogelators”; however, the nucleating agents introduced in this work are the first “organogelators” with β-nucleating efficiency.
Research on the Positioning Technology of Sports 3D Teaching Action Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Hao Liu , Pandey Hari Mohan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a method of action location in three-dimensional motion teaching. The machine vision technology is used to solve the problems of low positioning accuracy and long positioning time in the traditional motion three-dimensional teaching method. The work of this method is as follows: (a) using machine vision method to determine the world coordinate system of the image; (b) using MRF algorithm to extract the features of 3D teaching action image; (c) determining the spatial correlation of 3D teaching action data. In the three-dimensional teaching action image, the smooth filtering technology is used to suppress and eliminate the noise. Then the convolution neural network (CNN) is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional teaching action image. The entropy of three-dimensional teaching behavior of physical education is determined by CNN. Through a large number of computer simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed system is confirmed. The results show that the system achieves 95% accuracy when the positioning time is 1.9 s.
Incomplete Tests of Conditional Association for the Assessment of Model Assumptions
Authors: Ligtvoet Rudy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany of the models that have been proposed for response data share the assumptions that define the monotone homogeneity (MH) model. Observable properties that are implied by the MH model allow for these assumptions to be tested. For binary response data, the most restrictive of these properties is called conditional association (CA). All the other properties considered can be considered incomplete tests of CA that alleviate the practical limitations encountered when assessing the MH model assumptions using CA. It is found that the assessment of the MH model assumptions with an incomplete test of CA, rather than CA, is generally associated with a substantial loss of information. We also look at the sensitivity of the observable properties to model violation and discuss the implications of the results. It is argued that more research is required about the extent to which the assumptions and the model specifications influence the inferences made from response data.
Effects of multifunctional weir construction on key water quality indicators: a case study in Nakdong River, Korea
Authors: Jo C. D. , Lee C. G. , Kwon H. G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, changes in water quality characteristics were compared before and after the construction of eight multifunctional weirs in the Nakdong River Basin in South Korea. A cluster analysis of spatial variation showed that the locations classified as Cluster 1 pre-construction (sites ND7 and ND8) shifted into Cluster 2 post-construction, indicating that spatial cluster types changed after the construction of multifunctional weirs. Principal component and factor analyses revealed that nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients at the pre-construction stage (total nitrogen, total phosphorous, and phosphate-phosphorus) and electrical conductivity were extracted in principal component 1, while biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, pH, and chlorophyll-a were extracted in principal component 2. However, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, and chlorophyll-a at the post-construction stage were extracted in principal component 1, while total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen were extracted in principal component 2. The key water quality indicators transitioned from nutrients to organic pollutants after the construction of the multifunctional weirs. A water quality trend analysis with seasonal Mann–Kendall testing and locally weighted scatter plot smoothing methods showed that organic pollutant indicators such as chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon tended to increase after the construction of multifunctional weirs. Therefore, the key quality indicators for water quality improvement and management should be chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon.
Red Blood Cell-Mimic Nanocatalyst Triggering Radical Storm to Augment Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Jiong , Wang Sijia , Lin Xinyi , Cao Yanbing , Cai Zhixiong , Wang Jing , Zhang Zhenxi , Liu Xiaolong , Wu Ming , Yao Cuiping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) have recently emerged as promosing candidates for cancer treatment in terms of relieving tumor hypoxia and inducing oxidative damage against cancer cells, but they are still far from satisfactory due to their limited oxygen transport and reactive oxygen species generation rate in tumor tissue. Herein, artificial RBCs (designated FTP@RBCM) with radical storm production ability were developed for oncotherapy through multidimensional reactivity pathways of Fe-protoporphyrin-based hybrid metal–organic frameworks (FTPs, as the core), including photodynamic/chemodynamic-like, catalase-like and glutathione peroxidase-like activities. Meanwhile, owing to the advantages of long circulation abilities of RBCs provided by their cell membranes (RBCMs), FTP with a surface coated with RBCMs (FTP@RBCM) could enormously accumulate at tumor site to achieve remarkably enhanced therapeutic efficiency. Intriguingly, this ROS-mediated dynamic therapy was demonstrated to induce acute local inflammation and high immunogenic cancer death, which evoked a systemic antitumor immune response when combined with the newly identified T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) checkpoint blockade, leading to not only effective elimination of primary tumors but also an abscopal effect of growth suppression of distant tumors. Therefore, such RBC-mimic nanocatalysts with multidimensional catalytic capacities might provide a promising new insight into synergistic cancer treatment.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of an Innovative Mixer Geometry for Urea Injection in SCR Applications
Authors: Millo Federico , Sapio Francesco , Paradisi Benedetta Peiretti , Bianco Andrea , Postrioti Lucio , Buitoni Giacomo , Tabarrini Marco , Robino Cristina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelective catalytic reduction (SCR), based on the injection of urea-water-solution (UWS), is one of the prevailing and more effective approaches to reduce NOx emissions in diesel engines. To improve the performance and durability of the system, it is crucial to develop reliable simulation tools able to correctly describe not only the urea conversion into ammonia and the mixing with exhaust gases but also the possible formation of solid deposits along with the engine’s exhaust line.In the present paper, two different exhaust systems for off-road applications are analyzed, both of them consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) followed by a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a UWS injection and a mixing device, and an SCR catalyst. Two alternative UWS mixing subsystems are evaluated, including a newly developed design. A 3D-CFD numerical analysis is carried out to assess the performance of both systems in terms of pressure drop, UWS spray, and liquid film development, in addition to flow velocities and species concentration uniformities at SCR catalyst inlet. A detailed analysis of droplet impingement on walls and liquid film development is enabled, thanks to a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) approach. Moreover, a deposit risk index is used to identify the areas of the systems where urea deposit formation is expected.Eventually, numerical results are compared with experiments on one operating condition chosen as the most challenging in terms of exhaust temperature and flow rate, both in terms of systems NOx conversion efficiency and deposit formation, showing a satisfactory agreement, thus paving the way to use the proposed synergetic numerical and experimental approach to further optimize the design and the system’s performance.
Self-assembled carbon nanoribbons with the heteroatom doping used as ultrafast charging cathodes in zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Li Yuying , Huang Jiajia , Kang Liqun , Tian Zhihong , Lai Feili , Brett Dan J. L. , Liu Tianxi , He Guanjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSs) are highly desirable for large-scale energy storage applications owing to the merits of high safety, low cost and ultra-long cycle life. The poor rate performance of cathodes, however, severely hinders their application. Herein, aqueous ZHSs with superior performance were fabricated by employing a series of ultrathin carbon nanobelts modified with B, N, O (CPTHB-Bx). The heteroatom doping can significantly modify the chemical behaviors of carbon frameworks, which could generate numerous active sites and accelerate the charge transport. The systematic investigation reveals that the B–N groups are active species for fast Zn-ion adsorption and desorption. As a result, the best-performed CPTHB-B2 exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance as cathodes in ZHSs, delivering a high specific capacitance of 415.3 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, a record high capacitance retention of 81% when increasing the current densities from 0.5 to 100 A g−1, an outstanding energy density of 131.9 W h kg−1 and an exceptionally high power density of 42.1 kW kg−1. Our work provides a new cathode design for ultrafast charging Zn-ion storage devices.
Long-term rainfall projection based on CMIP6 scenarios for Kurau River Basin of rice-growing irrigation scheme, Malaysia
Authors: Adib Muhammad Nasir Mohd , Harun Sobri , Rowshon Md. Kamal 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Rainfall is a vital component in the rice water demand model for estimating irrigation requirements. Information on how the future patterns are likely to evolve is essential for rice-growing management. This study presents possible changes in the future monthly rainfall patterns by perturbing model parameters of a stochastic rainfall using the change factor method for the Kerian rice irrigation scheme in Malaysia. An ensemble of five Global Climate Models under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) were employed to project rainfall from 2021 to 2080. The results show that the stochastic rainfall generator performed well at preserving the statistical properties between simulated and observed rainfall. Most scenarios predict the increasing trend of the mean monthly rainfall with only a few months decreasing in April and May occurring in off (dry) season. The future patterns 2051–2080 show a significant increasing trend during main (wet) season compared to the near future period (2021–2050). The projected future rainfall under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 are higher than SSP5-8.5 from January to July, and December but lower from August to November. The projected annual rainfall will significantly increase toward 2080 during the main-season but uniform during the off-season except under SSP5-8.5, which is significantly decreasing. The output results are essential for rice farmers and water managers to manage and secure future rice irrigation water under the impact of future climate change. The projected changes in rainfall on the river basin demand further study before concluding the impact consequences for the rice sector.

Article highlights

The rainfall generator performs well in simulating future rainfall based on an ensemble of five different GCMs considering three different scenarios emission (low, medium, and high) caused by greenhouse gas and radiative forcing.

The future rainfall projection predicted that off (dry) season would become wet, and main (wet) season would become wetter due increase in monthly and annual rainfall.

The outcomes of this paper are beneficial for rice farmers and water managers of the study area to manage their rice cultivation and water release from the reservoir schedules to avoid losses due to flood and drought.