bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18-hACE2 mouse and Syrian golden hamster models
Authors: Jeong Haengdueng , Woo Lee Youn , Park In Ho , Noh Hyuna , Kim Sung-Hee , Kim Jiseon , Jeon Donghun , Jang Hui Jeong , Oh Jooyeon , On Dain , Uhm Chanyang , Cho Kyungrae , Oh Heeju , Yoon Suhyeon , Seo Jung Seon , Kim Jeong Jin , Seok Sang-Hyuk , Lee Yu Jin , Hong Seung-Min , An Se-Hee , Yeon Kim Seo , Kim Young Been , Hwang Ji-Yeon , Lee Hyo-Jung , Kim Hong Bin , Jeong Dae Gwin , Song Daesub , Song Manki , Park Man-Seong , Choi Kang-Seuk , Park Jun Won , Seo Jun-Young , Yun Jun-Won , Shin Jeon-Soo , Lee Ho-Young , Nam Ki Taek , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, causes life-threatening disease. This novel coronavirus enters host cells via the respiratory tract, promoting the formation of severe pulmonary lesions and systemic disease. Few animal models can simulate the clinical signs and pathology of COVID-19 patients. Diverse preclinical studies using K18-hACE2 mice and Syrian golden hamsters, which are highly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory tract, are emerging; however, the systemic pathogenesis and cellular tropism of these models remain obscure. We intranasally infected K18-hACE2 mice and Syrian golden hamsters with SARS-CoV-2, and compared the clinical features, pathogenesis, cellular tropism and infiltrated immune-cell subsets. In K18-hACE2 mice, SARS-CoV-2 persistently replicated in alveolar cells and caused pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease, resulting in fatal outcomes. Conversely, in Syrian golden hamsters, transient SARS-CoV-2 infection in bronchial cells caused reversible pulmonary disease, without mortality. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into the pathogenic spectrum of COVID-19 using preclinical models.
Safety of simultaneous bilateral intravitreal versus unilateral anti-vasculo-endothelial growth factors injection in an operating room setting
Authors: Jeeva Irfan Kabiruddin , Masud Sidra , Siddiqui M. A Rehman , Fahad Hadees Murad 
Published: October 2022

Objectives: Chorioretinal diseases requiring the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth (anti-VEGF) injections often occur in both eyes simultaneously. This can necessitate injecting both eyes together rather than one eye at a time. The purpose of the study was to determine whether simultaneous bilateral intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents are safe when administered in an operation theatre setting.
Methods: Retrospective review of data was conducted. Single center study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Approximately 30,000 eyes that received anti-VEGF injection during a 10-year study period were included (March 2008-February 2018). Patients who were lost to follow up prior to completion of treatment were excluded. Consecutive sampling technique was employed. The patients who received bilateral anti-VEGF injections were analysed separately from the ones who received unilateral injections. All injections were administered in operating theatre setting. The rate of endophthalmitis was measured in each group.
Results: A total of 30,258 injections were administered of which 15,338 were bilateral injections. Four cases (4/30,258, 0.013%) of endophthalmitis occurred during the study period. Only one case (1/15,338, 0.0065%) of endophthalmitis occurred after the administration of simultaneous bilateral anti-VEGF injections.
Conclusions: Administration of simultaneous bilateral anti-VEGF injections was safe in our population.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5125
How to cite this:Jeeva IK, Masud S, Siddiqui MAR, Fahad HM. Safety of simultaneous bilateral intravitreal versus unilateral anti-vasculo-endothelial growth factors injection in an operating room setting. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5125
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Prevalence of depression among medical students in River Nile State Universities 2021
Authors: Musa Tarteel , Yahia Alwathig 
Published: October 2022

Studying medicine is uphill and tiring requiring long hours of study and, continuous dealing with patients and death. A medical student in River Nile state suffers from a high rate of depression due to academic stress, expectations of parents, and comparisons with peers. Medical education is stressful and exhausting for mental health and has a negative impact on academic, health, and social performance. It also affects the student’s future as a doctor and patient care. The aim of this study knowledge prevalence of depression and its relation to socio-demographic variables among medical students in River Nile State Universities. This cross-sectional study in River Nile State describes the prevalence of depression. We used random samples of students from the first to fifth years, including 335 questionnaires, the Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale (HADS) data tool, and an additional question regarding the demographic variable. We found a high prevalence of depression .77.9%(depression 38.8 and borderline depression 39.1%). There was no significant association between college and depression (p= 0.67) and no significant in depression scores among different academic year (p= 0.21), gender (p= 0.23), notionally (p=0.7), smoking (p=0.79), and showed associated drugs (p=0.5). There are some risk factors other than university and smoking that lead to depression The rate of depression is high among medical students. Students must be identified and assisted and taken seriously.
Branch-and-Price for Drone Delivery Service Planning in Urban Airspace
Authors: Levin Michael W. , Rey David 
Published: October 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles or drones are increasing in use both for commercial and casual purposes. Although drone traffic management is mostly absent, as drone use increases, aerial conflicts are likely to also increase. This paper studies the problem of planning drone delivery service through an urban air traffic network space. The urban air traffic network is assumed to mostly be the airspace above existing roads and is modeled as a transportation network with multiple flight levels. Drone flights are modeled as individual trip requests with origins, destinations, and time windows. We present a novel integer linear programming formulation for this drone delivery service planning problem. The main contribution of this paper is developing a branch-and-price algorithm to solve the formulation, as the number of decision variables grows quickly with the problem size. We investigate three variations of branch-and-price, including branching on trajectory assignment variables, branching rules related to served requests, and a primal heuristic to quickly find integer feasible solutions. Numerical results show the limits of the integer linear programming formulation and the benefits of the primal heuristic in finding a good feasible solution. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Transportation Science and Logistics. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1175 .
Quantitative determination of the femoral offset templating error in total hip arthroplasty using a new geometric model
Authors: Liechti Emanuel F. , Attinger Marc C. , Hecker Andreas , Kuonen Kim , Michel Andrea , Klenke Frank M. 
Published: October 2022

Aims Traditionally, total hip arthroplasty (THA) templating has been performed on anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs. Recently, additional AP hip radiographs have been recommended for accurate measurement of the femoral offset (FO). To verify this claim, this study aimed to establish quantitative data of the measurement error of the FO in relation to leg position and X-ray source position using a newly developed geometric model and clinical data. Methods We analyzed the FOs measured on AP hip and pelvis radiographs in a prospective consecutive series of 55 patients undergoing unilateral primary THA for hip osteoarthritis. To determine sample size, a power analysis was performed. Patients’ position and X-ray beam setting followed a standardized protocol to achieve reproducible projections. All images were calibrated with the KingMark calibration system. In addition, a geometric model was created to evaluate both the effects of leg position (rotation and abduction/adduction) and the effects of X-ray source position on FO measurement. Results The mean FOs measured on AP hip and pelvis radiographs were 38.0 mm (SD 6.4) and 36.6 mm (SD 6.3) (p < 0.001), respectively. Radiological view had a smaller effect on FO measurement than inaccurate leg positioning. The model showed a non-linear relationship between projected FO and femoral neck orientation; at 30° external neck rotation (with reference to the detector plane), a true FO of 40 mm was underestimated by up to 20% (7.8 mm). With a neutral to mild external neck rotation (≤ 15°), the underestimation was less than 7% (2.7 mm). The effect of abduction and adduction was negligible. Conclusion For routine THA templating, an AP pelvis radiograph remains the gold standard. Only patients with femoral neck malrotation > 15° on the AP pelvis view, e.g. due to external rotation contracture, should receive further imaging. Options include an additional AP hip view with elevation of the entire affected hip to align the femoral neck more parallel to the detector, or a CT scan in more severe cases. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(10):795–803.
Relationship of spirituality, health engagement, health belief and attitudes toward acceptance and willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Handayani Sri , Rias Yohanes Andy , Kurniasari Maria Dyah , Agustin Ratna , Rosyad Yafi Sabila , Shih Ya Wen , Chang Ching Wen , Tsai Hsiu Ting 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
To explore the wider determinant factor of citizens’ spirituality, health engagement, health belief model, and attitudes towards vaccines toward acceptance and willingness to pay for a Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional online investigation with convenience sampling was utilized to recruit 1423 citizens from 18 districts across Indonesia between December 14, 2020 and January 17, 2021. Descriptive statistics, One-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, Independent t-tests, and multiple linear regression were examined.

Results
Spirituality, health engagement and attitude toward vaccines, as well as health beliefs constructs (all scores of perceived benefits and barriers) were significant key factors of acceptance of vaccines. Interestingly, the spirituality, attitude toward vaccine, and health beliefs constructs including perceived susceptibility, and benefits indicated a significantly higher willingness.

Conclusions
Results demonstrated the utility of spirituality, health engagement, health belief model, and attitudes towards vaccines in understanding acceptance and willingness to pay for a vaccine. Specifically, a key obstacle to the acceptance of and willingness to pay COVID-19 vaccination included a high score of the perceived barrier construct. Moreover, the acceptance of and willingness to pay could be impaired by worries about the side-effects of a COVID-19 vaccination.
Risk factors, ethnicity and dementia: A UK Biobank prospective cohort study of White, South Asian and Black participants
Authors: Mukadam Naaheed , Marston Louise , Lewis Gemma , Livingston Gill 
Published: October 2022

Background
Our knowledge of the effect of potentially modifiable risks factors on people developing dementia is mostly from European origin populations. We aimed to explore if these risk factors had similar effects in United Kingdom (UK) White, South Asian and Black UK Biobank participants recruited from 2006–2010 and followed up until 2020.

Methods
We reviewed the literature to 25.09.2020 for meta-analyses identifying potentially modifiable risk factors preceding dementia diagnosis by ≥10 years. We calculated prevalence of each identified risk factor and association with dementia for participants aged ≥55 at registration in UK Biobank. We calculated hazard ratios using Cox regression for each risk factor, stratified by ethnic group, and tested for differences using interaction effects between each risk factor and ethnicity.

Findings
We included education, hearing loss, hypertension, obesity, excess alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, smoking, high total cholesterol, depression, diabetes, social isolation, and air pollution as risks. Out of 294,162 participants, there were 287,806 White, 3590 South Asian and 2766 Black people, followed up for up to 14.8 years, with a total follow-up time of 3,392,095 years. During follow-up, 5,972 people (2.03%) developed dementia. Risk of dementia was higher in Black participants than White participants (HR for dementia compared to White participants as reference 1.43, 95% CI 1.16–1.77, p = 0.001) but South Asians had a similar risk. Association between each risk factor and dementia was similar in each ethnic group with no evidence to support any differences.

Interpretation
We find that Black participants were more likely to develop dementia than White participants, but South Asians were not. Identified risk factors in White European origin participants had a similar effect in Black and South Asian origin participants. Volunteers in UK Biobank are not representative of the population and interaction effects were underpowered so further work is needed.
Common breastfeeding problems experienced by lactating mothers during the first six months in Kinshasa
Authors: Babakazo Pélagie , Bosonkie Marc , Mafuta Eric , Mvuama Nono , Mapatano Mala-Ali 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Breastfeeding has numerous advantages for infant, mother and society. However, many mothers discontinue breastfeeding due to problems they encounter. This study aimed to identify problems commonly experienced by breastfeeding mothers during the first six months in Kinshasa.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was carried out in Kinshasa from October 2012 to July 2013. A total of 422 mother-infant couples were recruited shortly after being discharged from twelve maternity facilities in Kinshasa and followed-up for six months. Interviews were conducted at the mother’s house during the first week after birth, and thereafter at monthly intervals for six months. Data included mother’s sociodemographic characteristics, the breastfeeding problems she experienced and information on child’s feeding. Incidences of breastfeeding problems encountered during different periods were calculated as well as their confidence intervals.

Results
Cracked or sore nipples, insufficient production of milk and breast engorgement were the most commonly experienced problems by lactating mothers. The problems occurred mainly during the first week (17.1%; CI95% 13.7–21.1) and the rest of the first month (16.2%; CI95% 12.8–20.3).

Conclusions
The first month after birth presents the most risk for the occurrence of breastfeeding problems. Mothers should be supported as soon as possible after delivery, to improve their breastfeeding performance and to be informed on how to maintain breast milk supply.
A questionnaire study on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fluid replacement and urination among Chinese elite athletes
Authors: Song Ge , Yan Yi , Zhao Haotian , Chen Junying , Deng Yimin , Zhu Wenge , Sun Lingyu , Ma Guansheng 
Published: October 2022

Objective
To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Chinese elite athletes about fluid replacement and urination.

Methods
A cross-section study was carried out among Chinese national and national youth teams from March to April 2020, using a pretested questionnaire. The 42-questions questionnaire was designed to assess the KAP regarding fluid replacement and urination. The questionnaire included knowledge of fluid replacement (KFR), attitudes of fluid replacement (AFR), knowledge of urination (KU), and attitudes of urination (AU), which were awarded 20 scoring points. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, Multiple linear stepwise regression and Chi-square test were performed.

Results
A total of 779 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate is 98.4%. We finally conducted an assessment of 646 questionnaires of elite athletes. The mean score for KFR, AFR, KU, and AU was 2.8±1.3, 2.3±0.6, 3.0±1.5, and 2.1±0.8, respectively, with higher scores indicating positive hydration knowledge and attitudes. KFR and AFR scores of winter sports athletes were higher than those of summer sports athletes(P<0.05). Athletes who had lower athletic grades and training years had a worse KFR(P<0.05). Only 31.0% athletes knew that rehydration should be carried out before, during, and after training, which was scarcer among women, lower-athletic grades athletes, or athletes with lower training years (P<0.05). Male athletes had a worse KU but a better AU than female athletes(P<0.05). And athletes who were international-class athletic grades had the highest KU scores(P<0.05). The athletic grades and sport events were the main factors influencing the total scores of knowledge and attitudes (P<0.05, 95% CI -0.789–-0.168,95% CI 0.025–1.040). Most of athletes tend to get hydration knowledge from internet. In practices, thirst is the main reason for rehydration (77.9%). The percentages of athletes with normal urine color (42.0%), frequency (75.0%,) and volume (20.0%) were low.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that Chinese elite athletes did not have sufficient KAP on fluid replacement and urination, more marked in the individuals who were summer sport events, the lower athletic grades and in lower training years. It is recommended that education should be provided in the early stages of professional training for athletes.
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue in relation to temporomandibular disorders—A SWEREG-TMD nationwide case-control study
Authors: Salinas Fredricson Adrian , Naimi-Akbar Aron , Adami Johanna , Lund Bodil , Rosén Annika , Hedenberg-Magnusson Britt , Fredriksson Lars , Krüger Weiner Carina 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are comprised by a heterogenous group of diagnoses with multifaceted and complex etiologies. Although diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (MSD) have been reported as risk factors for developing TMD, no nationwide population-based registry studies have been conducted to investigate this possible link. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MSD and TMD in a population-based sample using Swedish registry data, and to further investigate the difference in such association between patients diagnosed with TMD in a hospital setting and patients surgically treated for the condition.

Materials and methods
Population based case-control study using Swedish nationwide registry data. Data was collected between 1998 and 2016 from 33 315 incident cases and 333 122 controls aged ≥18, matched for sex, age, and living area. Cases were stratified into non-surgical (NS), surgically treated once (ST1) and surgically treated twice or more (ST2). Information on MSD exposure (ICD-10 M00-M99) was collected between 1964 and 2016. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for country of birth, educational level, living area, and mental health comorbidity.

Results
A significant association between MSD and the development of TMD was found for all diagnostic categories: arthropathies (OR 2.0, CI 1.9–2.0); systemic connective tissue disorders (OR 2.3, CI 2.1–2.4); dorsopathies (OR 2.2, CI 2.1–2.2); soft tissue disorders (OR 2.2, CI 2.2–2.3); osteopathies and chondropathies (OR 1.7, CI 1.6–1.8); and other disorders of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (OR 1.9, CI 1.8–2.1). The associations were generally much stronger for TMD requiring surgical treatment. The diagnostic group with the strongest association was inflammatory polyarthropathies, M05-M14 (OR 11.7, CI 8.6–15.9), which was seen in the ST2 group.

Conclusions
Patients with MSD diagnoses have a higher probability of being diagnosed with TMD, in comparison to individuals without MSD. This association is even stronger for TMD that requires surgery. The results are in line with earlier findings, but present new population-based evidence of a possible causal relationship between MSD and TMD, even after adjusting for known confounders. Both dentists and physicians should be aware of this association and be wary of early signs of painful TMD among patients with MSD, to make early referral and timely conservative treatment possible.
An assessment of the quality of antenatal care and pregnancy outcomes in a tertiary hospital in Ghana
Authors: Amponsah-Tabi Seth , Dassah Edward T. , Asubonteng Gerald O. , Ankobea Frank , Annan John J. K. , Senu Ebenezer , Opoku Stephen , Opoku Ebenezer , Opare-Addo Henry S. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Antenatal care (ANC) is imperative to decreasing adverse pregnancy outcomes and their related maternal mortality. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, increases in ANC coverage have not correlated well with improved maternal and fetal outcomes suggesting the quality of ANC received could be the missing link. This study assessed ANC quality and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes among women who delivered at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among women who delivered at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital within the study period. Women were selected through systematic sampling and interviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire as well as review of their medical records. Data were collected on their sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics, care provided during ANC and delivery outcomes. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test. Factors associated with quality of ANC and adverse pregnancy outcomes were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to generate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and GraphPad Prism. P-values of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
950 women were recruited into the study with mean age of 30.39±5.57 years. Less than one-tenth (7.6%) of the women received good quality ANC, 63.4% had average quality ANC, and 29.0% received poor quality ANC. Increasing educational level and initiating ANC in the first trimester [aOR 0.2; 95%CI 0.08–0.68; p<0.001] increased the odds of receiving good quality ANC while being unemployed decreased the odds of receiving good quality ANC [aOR 0.3; 95% CI 0.12–0.65; p = 0.003]. Receiving poor and average quality of ANC were significantly associated with increased likelihood of developing anaemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia with severe features or delivering a low birth weight baby.

Conclusion
Most women did not receive good quality ANC. High quality ANC should be provided while the women are encouraged to comply with the recommendations during ANC.