bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impoliteness and Rudeness in Sawungkampret Comics by Dwi Koendoro
Authors: Savitri Ayu Ida 
Published: October 2022

Impoliteness and rudeness are two different terms although both of them refer to the similar offensive behaviour. The difference of those terms lays on the intention of the speaker in doing the offensive behaviour. Culpeper (1996) introduces Impoliteness Theory as something he calls the parasite of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory by exposing five super strategies: Bald on Record Impoliteness, Positive Impoliteness, Negative Impoliteness, Sarcasm or Mock Impoliteness, and Withhold Politeness. Furthermore, he divides impoliteness into three types: Affective, Coercive, and Entertaining Impoliteness. Meanwhile, rudeness is defined as what a speaker said or did –or even not said and done– which offends a hearer and prevents him/her to feel comfortable or convenience with the speaker’s words or acts. (Rondina and Workman, 2005:3). It is a kind of negative behaviour which is insensitive or disrespectful reflecting someone’s disregard towards others (Dubrin, 2011:87). In relation with Brown and Levinson (1987) Face Threatening Act (FTA), Beebe (1995) defines rudeness as “an FTA or features of FTA” breaking social interaction norms of the social context of it (in Culpeper, 2011:19). Culpeper (2005) himself considers impoliteness is done either intentionally or accidentally because impoliteness comes about when: (1) a speaker intentionally hold face-attack communication, or (2) a hearer assumes and/or considers a particular behaviour as “intended face-attacking”, or a combination of (1) and (2)” (in Bousfield and Locher, 2008:131). According to Segara (2007:141), rudeness happens when someone disregard and disobey the proper social manners with discourteous intention. It can be said that impoliteness is intentionally or accidentally occurs because of the hearer’s linguistics’s incompetence, while rudeness is intentionally happens to offend the hearer whether he/she gets offended or not. This research is done to show the difference of impoliteness and rudeness by using Sawungkampret Comics created by Dwi Koendoro as data source to get the sample of impoliteness and rudeness. The result shows that impoliteness can be done intentionally or not depending on what a speaker wants to show with his/her impoliteness, the hearer himself/herself gets the effect of impoliteness, and it is mainly used linguistics component. On the other hand, rudeness is done intentionally to show the speaker’s want, the hearer and people around him/her get the effect of rudeness, and it uses linguistics component along with culture and the sense of humanities embedded in it.
“Denmark As A Prison of Life” In Shakespeare’s Hamlet (A Semiotic Approach In Literature)
Authors: Hadiyanto Hadiyanto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHamlet is one of the well-known Shakespeare’s drama highlighting betrayal, murder, and revenge. This paper discusses Shakespeare’s Hamlet by studying signs in the text with a semiotic approach in literature. “Denmark is prison” is chosen to be the primary signifier in Shakespeare’s Hamlet that can represent all the main characters’ feeling and perspective in the text such as Hamlet, Claudius, Getrude, Hamlet’s ghostly father, Polonius, Ophelia, Laertes, Horatio, Fortinbras, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern. They feel Denmark is a prison for their heart. Prison is a symbol of an unpleasant place where the dwellers do not feel happy since they cannot live freely. The characters’ own feeling leads them to live in Denmark unhappily. The story climax is that all of the main characters at the end of the story suffer or die tragically. Key words: Hamlet, signifier, prison, betrayal, murder
Semiotic Elements on William Shakespeare’s Hamlet Prince of Denmark
Authors: Atrinawati Atrinawati 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis article analysis Hamlet Prince of Denmark, a tragic drama written by William Shakespeare. The purpose of this study is to finding out basic narrative scheme, prime signifier and paradigmatic and syntagmatic aspects of the drama. The approaches that I used is semiotics and close reading. The result shows that the narration centered on a binary opposition, hesitated revenge being the prime signifier, and paradigmatic and syntagmatic revealed details of the signals. Based on the analyses, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet Prince of Denmark contain prime signifier Keywords: semiotic; signifier; paradigmatic; syntagmatic.
Directive Speech Acts in Lanang Setiawan’s Poems
Authors: Mualimin Mualimin 
Published: October 2022

Directives are utterances intended for the listeners or readers to do something as desired by the speaker or the author. Poem as one of the literary works is the expression of the author delivered to the readers. As an expression of the author's, poems probably contain more expressive utterances than the directive ones. This paper attempts to examine poems written by Lanang Setiawan, a local writer from Tegal who wrote lots of poems in the Javanese dialect of Tegal. The poems written by Lanang will be used as data to be analyzed by using pragmatic theory.Keywords: directive speech acts, Javanese language of Tegal, Tegal literature
Applications of Freudian Psychoanalysis in Rebecca
Authors: Respatio Christine Resnitriwati 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPeople’s soul is a mistery and is difficult to be understood. This is because our consious life just only appears in small portion (1/8 part) meanwhile most of them (7/8 part) can not be seen. In our unconcious lif, thre are lots of needs that must be fullfilled and people find out the way by themselves to do that, for examples by writing, painting and even by dreaming. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dreams and halucinations the main character has in Rebecca. The writer used Freud’s psichoanalysis to analyze the main character’s dreams and hallucinations. The results show that the young woman as the main character in Rebecca is able to overcome her bad dreams and hallucinations. She grows being a strong mature woman.Key words: id, ego, superego, hallucinations, psychoanalysis
Stylistics: Towards a Linguistic Analysis of Literature
Authors: Candria Mytha 
Published: October 2022

A linguistic analysis of literature has caused debates among linguists and between linguists and literary critics. The debate among linguists occurs because they have different opinions regarding the nature of literary language, while the debate between linguists and literary scholars arises as literary scholars question the authority of linguistics to study literary writings. Therefore, in this paper I argue that the language of literature is similar to that of non-literary texts, and I also believe that because the centrality of language in literary writings, linguistics, as the study of language, has the authority to study literature. One linguistic approach to literature is stylistics, which studies the forms, functions, and meanings of literary language in a detailed and systematic way. Keywords: linguistics; literature; literary language; stylistics;
Ethnocentrism and Bias Incidents: Is There a Common Thread?
Authors: Pratama Rifka 
Published: October 2022

This paper discusses the concepts of culture, ethnocentrism, and bias incidents targeting minority groups, in this case Muslims, in the US. The discussion about the concepts of culture is needed to give a comprehensive understanding of culture and other related topics. It helps to understand the basis of ethnocentrism. Further, it elaborates on both the concept of ethnocentrism and bias incidents that occur in America to find whether there is a common thread between the understanding and the phenomena or not. The study found that ethnocentrism could be the cause of bias incidents targeting minority groups in America. The data is obtained by using the library research method. Keywords: Culture; Ethnocentrism; Bias Incidents; America.
The Stereotype of American Bikers as reflected in Poison’s “Ride the Wind” and Twisted Sister’s “Ride to Live, Live to Ride”
Authors: Laksono Arido 
Published: October 2022

Bikers are often considered as brutal, unlawful and unoccupied group of people disrupting the order of society. In some cases, they belong to certain gangs committing serious crime. Yet, there are also bikers riding their motorcycles in order to experience ultimate freedom; the freedom of chasing the wind and living outdoor close to nature. The idea of American Dream puts a solid basis on the two phenomena previously mentioned. The short article reveals the stereotype of American bikers by analyzing the lyrics of Ride the Wind and Ride to live, Live to Ride. The argumentative analysis is developed and elaborated through several elements of the lyrics, sociological point of view and historical perspectives. Hence, a comprehensive discussion can be developed and acquired. Keywords: Stereotype, Bikers, American Dream, Gangs, Freedom
The Debate upon Acquiring Bilingualism Brings Excessive Advantages or Burdensome to Young Learners
Authors: Anjarini Tyas Putri , Nirmala Deli , Kepirianto Catur 
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, controversy of bilingual education system program still exist. Bilingualism remains as an issue particularly whether or not it is appropriate to be taught for young learners. Learning two languages in the same time is seen to create damaging effect into confusion for children in their age. In spite of the criticism, there are advantages which is offered from bilingual education. Seeing on how bilinguals have good deals as across many aspects such as cognitive control and linguistic knowledge whose the learners are better in problem solving and high order thinking skills, the purpose of the study is going to focus on how bilingualism is suitable or not to learn for young learners. Since young learners are in the golden age to acquire new language, linguistic knowledge and cognitive skills are effective enough to be taught. Therefore, the study focuses more on the discussion of previous research on whether or not bilingualism give difficulties or advantages to children. It will discuss by introducing English to young learners who will meet benefits or problems of bilingualism in early childhood. Keywords: Bilingual education; bilingualism; young learners; second language; early childhood.
Michael Riffaterre’s Semiotics on William Shakespeare’s A Madrigal (A Semiotic Analysis on Poetry)
Authors: Sari Pradani Putri Intan , Syamsu Rizal Sarif 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study is entitled “Michael Riffater's Semiotics on William Shakespeare's A Madrigal (A Structural and Semiotics Criticism on Poetry)”. The purpose of this study is to find out what aspects of Michael Riffaterre's semiotics are composed in William Shakespeare's A Madrigal poem. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the semiotic aspects, and library research to collect data. In order to achieve the objectivity of this study, the literary study approach used is structural and semiotic approach. The structural approach directs the description of aspects of the physical appearance and the semiotic approach limits the description of the semiotic aspects in William Shakespeare's A Madrigal. The results of the study show that there are four aspects and their sub-aspects found in William Shakespeare's A Madrigal. The first aspect is the result of Heuristic and Hermeneutic readings and there are three sub-aspects found, namely Syntax Extraction, Morphological Change, and Normative and Semantic Forms. The second aspect is Indirect Expression including three sub-aspects that are found, namely Shifting Meaning, Distorting Meaning, and Creating Meanings. The third aspect is Matrix, Variants and Models. The fourth aspect is Potential and Actual Hypogram.Keywords: Semiotics; Michael Riffatere; Mandrigal
Psychoanalytical Conflict, Anxiety, and Ego Defense Mechanism of Aza Holmes in John Green’s Turtles All the Way Down
Authors: Palarani Yunindya , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto 
Published: October 2022

This research aims to explain the psychoanalytical conflict, anxiety, and the ego defense mechanism of Aza Holmes by using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory. The method of approach used in this research is the Psychology of Literature approach, while the method of collecting the data is library research. The primary data comes from the novel Turtles All the Way Down written by John Green and the secondary data comes from other text-based sources related to Freud’s Psychoanalysis theory. Furthermore, this research suggests that Aza Holmes’ ego is weak which causes her to conflict with her own self and other people around her. This conflict leads to the rising of her neurotic and moral anxieties. To relieve the tension of her anxiety, Aza Holmes performs some ego defense mechanisms such as projection, fixation, and displacement. Keywords: personality structure; psychoanalytical conflict; anxiety; ego defense mechanism; Freudian psychanalysis
Political Commitment, Policy Consequences, and Moral Beliefs: Survey Evidence on the Minimum Wage
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Fairris David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Does information regarding the economic consequences of a minimum wage affect the level of support for or opposition to minimum wage policy? We conduct an online survey of 2242 US respondents to study this question. We randomly assign differing, empirically plausible estimates of minimum wage impacts on three outcomes—employment, the distribution of minimum wage gains to households, and comparative impacts of a government transfer program versus a minimum wage— in order to explore the relationship between minimum wage consequences and political commitment. Our results show that while political commitment is indeed influenced by information on the policy’s consequences, such information rarely leads to fundamental changes in political commitment. This is consistent with findings in the larger literature on the effects of information provision on political commitment. We offer a novel explanation for such findings by surveying respondents on their moral beliefs regarding the minimum wage, focusing on the extent to which these beliefs are consequentialist or non-consequentialist in nature. We find that non-consequentialist moral beliefs are prevalent among survey respondents and that the more intense are these beliefs, the less likely people are to be swayed by the policy’s consequences.
Linguistic typology of motion events in visual narratives
Authors: Hacımusaoğlu Irmak , Cohn Neil 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLanguages use different strategies to encode motion. Some use particles or “satellites” to describe a path of motion (Satellite-framed or S-languages like English), while others typically use the main verb to convey the path information (Verb-framed or V-languages like French). We here ask: might this linguistic variation lead to differences in the way paths are depicted in visual narratives like comics? We analyzed a corpus of 85 comics originally created by speakers of S-languages (comics from the United States, China, Germany) and V-languages (France, Japan, Korea) for both their depictions of path segments (source, route, and goal) and the visual cues signaling these paths and manner information (e.g., motion lines and postures). Panels from S-languages depicted more path segments overall, especially routes, than those from V-languages, but panels from V-languages more often isolated path segments into their own panels. Additionally, comics from S-languages depicted more motion cues than those from V-languages, and this linguistic typology also interacted with panel framing. Despite these differences across typological groups, analysis of individual countries’ comics showed more nuanced variation than a simple S–V dichotomy. These findings suggest a possible influence of spoken language structure on depicting motion events in visual narratives and their sequencing.
Development and implementation of disaster recovery plan in stock exchange industry in Indonesia
Authors: Gaol Ford Lumban , Andry  , Matsuo Tokuro 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to develop and implement a disaster recovery plan (DRP) in stock exchange industry in Indonesia, in order to perform a system recovery in the event of a disaster. To develop a DRP, there are several steps that must be performed as a risk analysis to determine how much risk the company would receive when a disaster occurs, business impact analysis to identify critical business units and necessary resources for the recovery process to run smoothly, to identify recovery strategies to be used as a backup method and recovery site, the recovery procedure that needs to be done in order to make the recovery process run properly, testing and review, and documentation of the DRP. Based on the results of tests that have been done, the development of DRPs can be implemented at stock Exchange industry in Indonesia. With the DRP, the company is expected to have a plan to prepare for and recover resources and information systems in order to be able to walk back in the event of a disaster in order to minimize losses to the company.
Dekodierung der Implizitheit des wertenden Urteils in Komplimenten (am Beispiel der cross-kulturellen Analyse von Gesprächen in männlichen geschlechtshomogenen Gruppen)
Authors: Khrystenko Oksana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDecoding the implicitness of evaluative judgment in compliments (based on the cross-cultural analysis of conversations in male gender-homogeneneous groups). In this paper, the implicit (anti)compliments within male gender-homogeneneous groups are examined in a contrastive way. After reviewing some findings to the implicit compliments, the paper deals with a case study referring to decoding of implicit positive evaluative judgment, which constitutes a primary illocution of the compliment. The following study examines whether there are certain differences and similarities in the frequency, subject matter and phonological design of implicit (anti)compliments in [the] groups of males with different cultural backgrounds. The study also shows whichcontextualization cuescan contribute to the decoding of the negative evaluative statement in implicit anticompliments.
The Power of Governments in Fight Against COVID-19: High-Performing Health Systems or Government Response Policies?
Authors: Sariyer Gorkem , Sozen Mert Erkan , Ataman Mustafa Gokalp 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Due to the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 disease, there have been tremendous efforts worldwide to keep the spread of the virus under control and protect the functioning of health systems. Although governments take many actions in fighting this pandemic, it is well known that health systems play an undeniable role in this fight. This study aimed to investigate the role of health systems and government responses in fighting COVID-19. By purposively sampling Finland, Denmark, the UK, and Italy and analyzing their health systems’ performances, governments’ stringency indexes, and COVID-19 spread variables, this study showed that high-performing health systems were the main power of states in managing pandemic environments. This study also measured relations between short and medium-term measures and COVID-19 case and death numbers in all study countries. It showed that medium-term measures had significant effects on death numbers.
Optimism & Expenditures: The Effect on Settlements
Authors: Depoorter Ben , De Mot Jef 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article challenges the conventional wisdom in economic models of litigation that optimism necessarily increases the likelihood of trial and that pessimism increases the chances of settlement. We show that optimism may, to the contrary, expand the settlement range. By increasing the perceived value at stake in litigation, optimism may induce parties to invest additional resources in a dispute, which increases the overall bargaining range. Because of the strategic nature of litigation expenditures, optimistic litigants may spend an amount that outweighs the negative impact of optimism on the bargaining surplus. Whether optimism increases or decreases the settlement rate ultimately depends on whether, in concrete instances, the negative effects of optimism on the bargaining surplus outweigh the positive effects created by the additional investments in litigation. Our results provide counterintuitive insights into the selection of disputes for litigation. (JEL K00, K21).
Synthesis and luminescent properties of red-emitting Li2CaSnO4: xEu3+ phosphors
Authors: Ullah Arif , Zhuang Jinghao , Yang Xiaozhan , Feng Wenlin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Red emitting Li2CaSnO4: xEu3+ phosphors were successfully synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal structure, composite and luminescence properties (e.g. the excitation and emission spectra, fluorescent lifetimes, and CIE chromaticity coordinates) of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and spectral analysis technique. The emission spectra consist of the characteristic peak resultant to Eu3+ under the excitation of 395 nm and the dominant emission peak is at 621 nm (7F0→5L6). The optimal red emission was obtained through 4% Eu3+ doping. These new red Li2CaSnO4: Eu3+ phosphors have the potential application for white LEDs.
Regeneration of the human segmentation clock in somitoids in vitro
Authors: Qin Yue , Huang Xingnan , Cai Zepo , Cai Baomei , He Jiangping , Yao Yuxiang , Zhou Chunhua , Kuang Junqi , Yang Yihang , Chen Huan , Chen Yating , Ou Sihua , Chen Lijun , Wu Fang , Guo Ning , Yuan Yapei , Zhang Xiangyu , Pang Wei , Feng Ziyu , Yu Shengyong , Liu Jing , Cao Shangtao , Pei Duanqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEach vertebrate species appears to have a unique timing mechanism for forming somites along the vertebral column, and the process in human remains poorly understood at the molecular level due to technical and ethical limitations. Here, we report the reconstitution of human segmentation clock by direct reprogramming. We first reprogrammed human urine epithelial cells to a presomitic mesoderm (PSM) state capable of long‐term self‐renewal and formation of somitoids with an anterior‐to‐posterior axis. By inserting the RNA reporter Pepper into HES7 and MESP2 loci of these iPSM cells, we show that both transcripts oscillate in the resulting somitoids at ~5 h/cycle. GFP‐tagged endogenous HES7 protein moves along the anterior‐to‐posterior axis during somitoid formation. The geo‐sequencing analysis further confirmed anterior‐to‐posterior polarity and revealed the localized expression of WNT, BMP, FGF, and RA signaling molecules and HOXA‐D family members. Our study demonstrates the direct reconstitution of human segmentation clock from somatic cells, which may allow future dissection of the mechanism and components of such a clock and aid regenerative medicine.