bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLOSED REDUCTION OF SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE OF THE HUMERUS WITH NEUROVASCULAR INJURY IN TERMS OF THE NEED FOR EXPLORATION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Khan Muhammad younas , Dr. Muhammad Shoaib Khan  , Dr. Muhammad Afrasiyab Javed Khan  , Dr. Ahsan Sajjad  , Dr. Muhammad Khalid Khan  , Dr. Farwa Shoaib  
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of reduction of supracondylar fracture of the humerus with neurovascular injury and the role of exploration.
Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from July 2020 till July 2021 and children with supracondylar (Gartland type II and III) fracture of the humerus were included irrespective of neurovascular complication. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Mean and standard deviation was used for quantitative data. Frequency and percentages were used for qualitative data. Shapiro Wilk’s test was done to find the normality of the data.
Results: Mean age of the 65 children with Gartland type 3 closed extension type supracondylar fractures was 7 years ± 1.5 years. The female to male ratio was 1:2.2. The right side was involved in 28 (43%) left sides in 37(57%) patients. The mechanism of injury in all cases was a history of fall. At presentation 40 patients (61%) had no signs of neurovascular involvement while 25 patients (38%) had signs and symptoms of various nerve injuries, 11 of anterior interosseous nerve injury, 8 median nerve, and 6 radial nerve injuries, and no ulnar nerve injury while 6 patients had absent radial pulse with well perfused, pink hands
Conclusion: Thus we conclude that in most of the cases there is no need for exploration of vessel and nerve in supracondylar fracture with neurovascular injury if the fracture is reduced properly.
THE FREQUENCY OF HYPOKALEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH NASOGASTRIC FEEDING IN NON-HOSPITAL SETTINGS
Authors: Khan Bughdad , Naeem Awais , Naim Fahad , Ullah Kiramat , Wazir Zahid Muhammad , Khan Nafidullah 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Feeding in elderly patients with dysphagia or with an inadequate oral intake is usually considered vital, regardless of the consequences. In clinical practice, this is often achieved by insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube early in the course of treatment. This study provided us local data about hypokalemia in patients discharged home on Nasogastric tube feeding.
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the frequency of hypokalemia in patients on nasogastric feeding with homemade blends and juices in non-hospitalized settings.
SUBJECTS AND METHOD:
The cross-sectional study was carried out in General medicine department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from Jan 1, 2016, to Jun 30, 2016. There were total 176 Patients in our study. We enrolled Patients who had Oropharyngeal or esophageal dysphagia and were sent home on nasogastric tube feeding with homemade blends and juices. They were followed up after 2 weeks in Outpatient department and their blood samples were collected for checking their serum potassium levels. Samples were tested using K-lite 5 series electrolyte analyzer at Khyber teaching hospital laboratory for the presence of hypokalemia.
RESULTS:
There were 98 males and 78 females in study population. The mean age was 58.15 years ± 13.35 SD. The mean value of Potassium was 4.07 mmol/L ± 0.8 SD. We found hypokalemia in 31 (17.6 %) of the patients sent on nasogastric feeding at home in our study sample.

CONCLUSION:
Hypokalemia among patients with esophageal and oro-pharyngeal dysphagia who are on nasogastric tube feeding with homemade juices and liquefied blends for two weeks or more in non-clinical setting is a relatively common finding irrespective of age, gender or underlying disease. It is essential to recognize as it can be life-threatening.
IMPACT OF FAMILIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS ON AGE OF ONSET OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Objectives: 1.To determines impact of familial risk factor i.e. positive family history of schizophrenia on age of onset of schizophrenia.
2. To determine impact of environmental risk factor i.e. substance misuse on age of onset of schizophrenia.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional analytical study, 430 patients were enrolled from OPD in Sarhad Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases Peshawar through convenience non probability sampling technique. First Data was dichotomized on the basis of positive and negative family history of schizophrenia. Later on data was again dichotomized on the basis of positive and negative history of substance misuse. Frequency and percentage were calculated for categorical variable while mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Independent-samples T test was used while comparing categorical variable with continuous variable and Chi-square test was used while comparing two categorical variables in between them.
Results: The mean age of onset of schizophrenia was 22.28 years with early onset in males than females. In those with familial schizophrenia, the mean ages of onset of schizophrenia in males and females were 22.35 and 22.05 years while in those with sporadic cases, the mean age of onset of schizophrenia in males and females were 21.83 and 25.43 years respectively. Moreover non-tobacco substances and cannabinoids were having statistically significant impact on age of onset of schizophrenia.
Conclusion: There was significant gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia and substance misuse. Family history of schizophrenia eliminates the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia. Moreover non-tobacco substances and cannabinoids misuse can cause early onset of schizophrenia.
SCOPING REVIEW OF THE IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON ASSESSMENT FORMAT IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL INSTITUTES
Authors: Durrani Mushyyada , Alam Khan Ismail , Alam Aziza , Akbar Zainab , Gul Khaula , Durrani Mehwish 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE: Technology enhanced assessment or e-assessment is an emerging approach across the globe and is adapted by almost all medical and dental institutes. The objective of this study is to report on effects of COVID-19 on assessment format of medical institutes. This review seeks to find which methods are being used for a changed assessment format and who is being affected by sudden change in assessment format and what facilitators and/or barriers have been reported related to the success and/or failure of changed assessment format.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This scoping review followed the methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley framework (2005).Data sources including PubMed, Eric, Medline, Semantic scholar and Google scholar were searched for last 5 years of articles from 20016 to 2021 related to e-assessment in medical education.
RESULTS: In total, 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. Open book exam was considered to be a new normal keeping in mind its strengths and advantages in an online format. Digital literacy plays an important role in the acceptance of technology enhanced assessment. Faculty need training to opt for this sudden change in teaching and assessment format. Connectivity issues need to be taken care of, as the whole format depends upon it.
CONCLUSION: e-assessment was well accepted by most of the students. Future studies should target students inconvenience for online assessment. Also lack of e-learning experience of some staff need attention. Insufficiency of IT technicians should be overcome. High speed internet is the requirement of the day. New soft wares can be developed for a more reliable and valid assessment method
COMPARISON OF RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE (RLN) PALSY WITH AND WITHOUT INTRAOPERATIVE NERVE IDENTIFICATION DURING THYROIDECTOMY – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL IN PESHAWAR
Authors: Din Israr ud 
Published: April 2022

Background:Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is one of the most common and feared complications of thyroid surgeries. These may be transient or permanent and occur unilaterally or bilaterally, in case of which fatal airway obstruction is possible.
Objectives:To compare the incidence of RLN palsy with and without intraoperative nerve identification during thyroidectomy.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study spanning over 9 months during the period July 2020 to March 2021. A pool of 70 patients was included in the study comprising of 18 males and 52 females. Data on demographic, clinical and postoperative variables were compared in relation to RLN palsy.
Results:The overall incidence of RLN palsy in the study pool was 7.1%. The rate of RLN palsy was 3.51% in the 81.42% cases where intraoperative nerve identification was done and 13.04% incidence was found the remaining 32.86% cases where the nerve was not identified. The incidence of RLN palsy was 14.82% in ages above 45 years, 11.11% in male, 14.29% after total thyroidectomy and 40% with follicular carcinoma.
Conclusion:Intraoperative nerve identification is an essential step in any thyroid surgery and has proven beneficial in reducing the incidence of RLN palsy.
CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF URDU TRANSLATED CLINICIAN-ADMINISTERED PTSD (POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER ) SCALE
Authors: Zaman Sabir , Arouj Kehkashan , Irfan Shahid , Hussain Basharat , Arif Muhammad 
Published: April 2022

Objectives; Assessment methods for psychological distress are not properly established for people of diverse cultural background. In Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-5) PTSD is categorized trauma related disorder, Clinician Administered PTSD Scale is golden standard to assess PTSD, and was adopted DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The study aimed to develop an Urdu translation of CAPS-5 and its psychometric properties. Although, a well-developed and established approach of translation and adaptation was used for CAPS-5
Methods; The study was conducted to translate CAPS-5 by using the steps forward translation (from English to Urdu), and back translation (Urdu to English). The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using the bilingual sample of individuals from general population, who have the history of trauma, and injury. Total 317 individuals were participated in the study. For data collection two step approach was used. Initially, the participants respond to Urdu Version of CAPS-5, and then participants answered to original English, (CAPS-5).
Results; The current study showed that first order (RMSEA value < .05), and second order model the RMSEA value .03, < .05 good fit for PTSD symptom level. The factor loading was statistically positive and significant, which indicated that all items contributing to PTSD symptoms.
Conclusion; The result showed that Urdu version of CAPS-5 have good model fit which was statistically significant and positive for the sample of trauma survivors.
Keywords: Factor Analysis, Clinician Administered, PTSD
PREDICTORS FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE IN METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: Altaf Benash , Jawed Shireen , Salam Rana Muhammad Tahir , Jawed Samia 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is a new concept to replace NAFLD as it truly reflects metabolic dysregulation associated with fatty liver. The aim of the study is to find the predictors of insulin resistance in term of mid upper arm circumference and triceps fold thickness in MAFLD subjects.
Methods and Results: This cross sectional study was conducted at King Edward Medical University in collaboration with Mayo hospital radiology out door patient department from 2016 to 2017 after taking Ethical approval from University (134/RC/KEMU). Total of 148 non diabetic subjects of aged 40-60 years with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosed on ultrasonography were enrolled from Mayo hospital. Fasting blood glucose was measured to exclude the diabetic subjects. Mid upper arm circumference and triceps folds were measured following protocol. Subjects were divided into two groups i.e insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant group (NIR) using cutoff values of HOMAIR. HOMA-IR value ? 2.29 were taken as IR group while subject with HOMA-IR value < 2.29 were taken as NIR group.
Results:Study comprised of 148 NAFLD subjects of both genders. Out of total 148 subjects, 107 (72.3%) subjects were IR and 41 (27.7%) subjects were NIR. Spearman's Correlation did not showed statistically significant association of IR with mid arm circumference. ( P-value 0.70) and triceps fold IR (P- value 0.83).
Conclusion: Insulin resistance is not associated with triceps skin fold and mid arm circumference in obese individual. Triceps fold and mid upper arm circumference cannot be uses as clinical interpreter of IR in obese individuals.
CESAREAN SCAR ENDOMETRIOSIS: PRESENTATION OF 10 CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: AKSOY Emin Levent , ALMADADOVA Nigar , BOSTANCI Mehmet Sühha , KÖSE Osman , ÇİMEN Serdar , ÇAKIRSOY ÇAKAR Gözde 
Published: April 2022

Objective: Endometriosis, characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in non-uterine locations, is a relatively common disease in women of reproductive age (10-15%). Besides that, cesarean scar endometriosis (CSE) is rarely seen; the clinical presentation of the disease is mainly in the form of a painful mass at the cesarean incision site.
Method: Ten patients, whose diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically by surgery with CSE anterior chamber, were evaluated in terms of clinical and histopathological features.
Results: The mean age of patients was 35 (min-max:22-45). Six (75%) of patients with pain symptoms were cyclic, and 2 (25%) were noncyclic. The mean latency period (time from last cesarean section to the beginning of symptoms) was 44,6 (min-max:6-88) months, and the mean duration between symptoms and surgery was 28,9 (min-max:2-60) months. Six (60%) of endometriomas were located right corner of the incision, and 4 (40%) were at the left. All of the endometriomas were solitary. The mean hospitalization time was 2,5 (min-max:1-6) days.
Conclusion: Excision of endometriotic foci within 1 cm safety margins may be an appropriate curative treatment option.
“Where Do You Go When the Radio’s Down?”: Black Women Experimental Pop Artists, “Alternative R&B,” and the Simultaneous Dissolution and Persistence of Musical Genre
Authors: Capetola Christine 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Since the early 2010s, the musical genre “Alternative R&B” has been used to describe artists who combine R&B songwriting and vocal delivery with electronic music and production. Meant as a means for music writers to grapple with both the ongoing evolutions of R&B and the synthpop and synth R&B revivals of the decade, the category Alternative R&B has become a catch all for Black artists who sound even remotely influenced by R&B—and for Black women artists in general. This article traces Black women experimental pop artists’ complex relationship to the moniker Alternative R&B through grounding this apparent siloing within a context of the past 100 years of Black women in American popular music. By tracing the disidentification with “Alternative R&B” of contemporary experimental pop artists FKA twigs, Tinashe, and Dawn Richard, it calls for a re-evaluation—and dismantling—of racialized musical genres.
Stepping onto the Pop Dance Floor
Authors: Gabrillo James 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The dance floor, as both physical and symbolic concept, has long served as a space of possibility and permissibility in pop music. As illustrated by recent moments in popular culture and entertainment, nuances of star identities are tested and reoriented on the dance floor within the individual and collective lenses of performer and spectator. Whether rendered on a concert stage, inside a futurist club, within a televised competition, or through an imagined space of cathartic escapism, the dance floor has stimulated the subversion of normative categories and the representation of constructs of gender identity and subjectivity. Queering the dance floor, even in fleeting performance, the women pop stars highlighted below offer themselves (and those around them) “a way of making perceptible presently uncommon senses in the interest of producing a/new commons and/or of proliferating the senses of a commons already in the making” (Keeling 2014, 153), which consequently manifests umbrella alliances and queer operating systems that interrogate the ideologies of the larger order.
Intrahousehold Gender Relations and Child Labor and Schooling in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Dito Bilisuma Bushie 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Child labor and low schooling of children are still serious issues in many developing countries and finding a breakthrough to substantially reduce these phenomena are urgent according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). This study investigated how child labor and schooling vary with intrahousehold gender relations in rural Ethiopia, using data from the 2009 Ethiopian Rural Household Survey (ERHS). The sample includes 1,922 children between the ages of 5 and 15 years in 755 households. Indicators are used to measure mothers’ and fathers’ roles on various tasks within a household. The study examines how the distribution of gender relations within a household influences children’s time use in schooling and labor activities. One innovation used in the study is the construction of intrahousehold gender relations on a continuum. The findings indicate that balanced intrahousehold relations and gender roles between parents increase the chances of both boys and girls going to school while reducing the hours they spend on domestic work. Findings from the other covariates point to the gendered processes behind human capital formation in rural Ethiopia, which warrant separate investigations of boys’ and girls’ labor and schooling activities.
MEDIASI SEBAGAI KOMUNIKASI HUKUM DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA MEDIK ANTARA DOKTER DAN PASIEN
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Andriady Saidi , Satria Beni , Tarigan Irwan Jasa 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRAK

Hubungan hukum dokter dengan pasien pada hakikatnya adalah hubungan yang saling membutuhkan dan didasari dengan kepercayaan, namun dalam perjalanannya tidak mustahil berujung pada sebuah sengketa medik, hal ini tentu menjadi sebuah potret yang tidak dikehendaki oleh pihak dokter dan pihak pasien. Munculnya sengketa yang terjadi antara dokter dengan pasien lebih sering disebabkan, karena adanya kelemahan dalam membangun komunikasi efektif yang berakibat menimbulkan konflik antara dokter dan pasien. Timbulnya konflik yang berujung sengketa, tidak perlu terjadi bila dari kedua belah pihak sama-sama memahami akan posisi dan kedudukannya baik dari segi medis maupun dari segi hukum melalui suatu jalinan komunikasi yang baik, saling menghormati dan saling percaya. Dan bila akhirnya terjadi sengketa medik diantara kedua belah pihak baik dokter maupun pasien, sebaiknya komunikasi hukum dikedepankan seperti mediasi untuk menyelesaikan persengketaan medis yang terjadi. Maka, mediasi sebagai komunikasi hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa medik diperlukan upaya komunikasi efektif dengan mengoptimalkan nilai win-win solution antara pihak yang bersengketa baik dari pihak dokter maupun pasien dalam mencapai tujuan penyelesaian sengketa medik terutama di luar pengadilan (mediasi nonlitigasi).

Kata Kunci: Dokter, Komunikasi Hukum, Mediasi, Pasien, Sengketa Medik.
TINJAUAN PERBANDINGAN PENYELENGGARAAN TELEMEDICINE ANTARA INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Andrianto Wahyu , Rizka Fajrina Atika 
Published: April 2022

Dewasa ini, penggunaan telemedicine semakin berkembang akibat keberadaan pandemi Covid-19, tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Walau begitu, Amerika Serikat telah menerapkan telemedicine jauh sebelum pandemi Covid-19 menyerang. Amerika Serikat sebagai negara adidaya sudah jauh lebih maju dalam menerapkan telemedicine, baik dari segi teknologi maupun regulasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyelenggaraan telemedicine di Amerika Serikat sehingga bisa didapatkan sebuah konsep baru yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia, mengingat telemedicine memiliki peran besar dalam pelayanan kesehatan modern. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bentuk yuridis normative dan merupakan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Perbedaan yang paling mencolok dari dalam hal penyelenggaraan telemedicine di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat adalah adanya pedoman (guidelines) yang disusun oleh ATA dalam masing-masing bidang kesehatan. Sedangkan, di Indonesia belum ada karena telemedicine di Indonesia masih cenderung baru. Padahal, keberadaan pedoman per bidang kesehatan ini penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pemberian layanan kesehatan, memudahkan dokter dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan, pasien jadi lebih percaya, standarisasi, sebagai bentuk pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan, dan meningkatkan derajat kesehatan pasien sebaik-baiknya.
Kata Kunci: Amerika Serikat, Indonesia, Perbandingan, Penyelenggaraan Telemedicine
A pedagogia da alternância nos cursos de licenciatura em educação do campo: novos caminhos e desafios
Authors: Duarte de Oliveira Mara Rita , Alves Ramos Geovanna de Lourdes , Garcia Gonçalves Jadson Fernando , da Costa Coelho Maria do Socorro , do Nascimento Albuquerque Roque , Ferreira Vaz Rosilda do Socorro 
Published: April 2022

O curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo do Campus Universitário de Abaetetuba tem por objetivo principal formar educadores para a docência nos anos finais do ensino fundamental e ensino médio nas escolas rurais, associando essa formação a processos educativos contextualizados, e sintonizados socioculturalmente com a realidade local e a diversidade da região. Além disso, o curso preocupa-se com a qualificação de profissionais que detenham um perfil voltado para as questões intrínsecas ao campo na Amazônia e que sejam capazes de multiplicar conhecimentos e ações no processo de valorização da identidade cultural do homem do campo. No presente projeto nosso objetivo central é analisar o projeto político pedagógico do curso de licenciatura em Educação do Campo, a partir da visão dos alunos e professores do curso. Realizamos análise documental do projeto Pedagógico do curso de licenciatura em educação do campo, segundo o Projeto Pedagógico do curso o mesmo propõe que as atividades curriculares sejam desenvolvidas em regime de alternância, entre Tempo-Universidade, onde os alunos cursam as disciplinas do currículo e o Tempo-Comunidade que são orientados a desenvolverem práticas docentes nas suas comunidades de origem, numa perspectiva ação-reflexão-ação, fortalecendo a sua formação de forma prático-reflexiva, através de estágios, monitorias, e outras atividades pedagógicas, onde possam exercitar tais práticas propostas no projeto pedagógico do curso.
A novel PWA architecture for assisting homeopathy diagnosis
Authors: Ragulkumar R , Radha P 
Published: April 2022

Today the automation is expected in every aspect of human life. Homeopathy is one kind of medical field followed by people regarding their health care. The life style of modern men or women could be changed due to the guidelines of this medical diagnosis. For improving the quality of background processes of this medical field, the HOT technologies like cloud computing and dynamic web page developments are being applied. In this work, a novel PWA (Progressive Web App) is proposed to support the medical diagnosis of Homeopathy. The purpose of work is to computerize the Front Office Management of Hospital. It is user friendly simple, fast, and cost-effective. It deals with the collection of patient's information, diagnosis details, etc. The main function of the system is to retrieve the meaningfully information of doctors, patients details and diagnosis details when required. System input contains patient details, diagnosis details, while system output is to get these details on to the screen. It is highly authorized system which permits only administrator or receptionist. Data stored in data base could be retrieved easily. Using the proposed strategy PWA, the data are well protected for personal use and data processing will be done very quickly.