bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passivating Defects of Perovskite Solar Cells with Functional Donor‐Acceptor–Donor Type Hole Transporting Materials
Authors: Daskeviciute‐Geguziene Sarune , Zhang Yi , Rakstys Kasparas , Xiao Chuanxiao , Xia Jianxing , Qiu Zhiheng , Daskeviciene Maryte , Paskevicius Tomas , Jankauskas Vygintas , Asiri Abdullah M. , Getautis Vytautas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, a series of donor–acceptor–donor (D‐A‐D) type small molecules based on the fluorene and diphenylethenyl enamine units, which are distinguished by different acceptors, as holetransporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells is presented. The incorporation of the malononitrile acceptor units is found to be beneficial for not only carrier transportation but also defects passivation via Pb–N interactions. The highest power conversion efficiency of over 22% is achieved on cells based on V1359, which is higher than that of spiro‐OMeTAD under identical conditions. This st shows that HTMs prepared via simplified synthetic routes are not only a low‐cost alternative to spiro‐OMeTAD but also outperform in efficiency and stability state‐of‐art materials obtained via expensive cross‐coupling methods.
Diameter‐Selective Density Enhancement of Horizontally Aligned Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays by Temperature‐Mediated Method
Authors: Zhang Hongjie , Zhuge Wenhuai , Yang Feng , Kang Lixing , Zhang Shuchen , Du Ran , Qian Jinjie , Yang Zhi , Yao Yagang , Li Pan , Hu Yue , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh‐density single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays with specific diameters are pursued as potential building blocks in future nanoelectronic devices. The direct growth of SWNT arrays on the single‐crystal substrate has proved offering densely packing high‐quality SWNTs. However, further increase of SWNT density is limited by the deactivation of the catalyst nanoparticles during chemical vapor deposition process. Moreover, an increase of array density without any structure control of SWNTs would make the benefit effect very limited. Here, a temperature‐mediated method is proposed to achieve a high‐density SWNT array with a specific diameter via continual growth of SWNTs after reactivating poisoned catalysts with high carbon capacity and appropriate size. The density of obtained SWNT array on the quartz substrate is increased by more than three times, with diameter distribution controlled ≈2 nm. This approach paves the way for the integration of SWNTs into nanodevices.
High‐Performance Nanostructured Flexible Capacitor by Plasma‐Induced Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Annealing
Authors: Lee Jaehyeong , Go Dohyun , Lee Useung , Lee Seunghyeon , Kim Keun Hoi , Shin Jeong Woo , Kim Hyein , Ok Jong G. , An Jihwan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFabricating high‐quality thin films on a 3D structured polymer substrate is crucial in realizing high‐performance flexible electronics. Herein, simple yet effective twofold strategies are demonstrated to directly fabricate flexible thin film capacitors on polymer substrate: the crystallization of high‐k TiO2 film by plasma‐assisted atomic layer annealing at low temperature (80 °C) on nanostructured polycarbonate (PC) substrates fabricated by simple dynamic nanoinscribing (DNI) technique. Plasma‐induced amorphous‐to‐anatase phase transformation occurs in PEALD TiO2/ZrO2 bilayer thin films, resulting in the capacitance density increase by 30%. The DNI patterning of PC substrates in two directions further increases the surface area by 35% and the capacitance density by 37%, leading to the flexible capacitor of a record‐high capacitance density (24.2 nF mm−2) with mechanical stability.
Low‐Symmetry 2D Perovskite CaNb2O6 for Polarization‐Sensitive UV Photodetection
Authors: Qin Jing‐Kai , Xiao Hui , Zhu Cheng‐Yi , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolarization‐sensitive photodetection in ultraviolet (UV) range has demonstrated broad applications in both military and civilian fields. As the key component of polarized UV photodetectors, semiconducting materials with wide bandgaps and intrinsic low‐symmetry are highly desired. Herein, perovskite calcium niobate (CaNb2O6) is re‐introduced to the family of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials for UV‐polarized photodetection. Using a simple vapor phase epitaxy growth process, CaNb2O6 nanosheets are successfully synthesized, which can be scaled down to monolayers with thickness of about 0.8 nm. The anisotropic structural, vibrational, and optical properties of CaNb2O6 are systematically investigated. Photodetectors based on 2D CaNb2O6 present a large dichroic ratio of 2.1 at 375 nm light irradiation, exceeding most of reported UV photodetectors, and the large anisotropic ratio also contributes to a high‐resolution polarization imaging. This work demonstrates that the 2D CaNb2O6 has promising potential for developing next‐generation polarized UV detecting and imaging technology.
An early snapshot of plant–herbivore interactions: Psilophyton diakanthon sp. nov. from the Early Devonian of Gaspé (Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Colston Courtney M. , Landaw Kevin , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPremiseTrimerophytes are a plexus of early tracheophytes that form the base of the euphyllophyte clade and, thus, represent the link between the earliest land plants and modern‐day ferns, sphenophytes, and seed plants. As the best‐characterized trimerophyte, the genus Psilophyton occupies a key position in the euphyllophyte fossil record. We describe a new Psilophyton species that has implications for the evolution of plant–animal interactions.MethodsThe fossil material is preserved by permineralization in the Lower Devonian (Emsian) Battery Point Formation (Québec, Canada) and was studied in serial sections using the cellulose acetate peel technique.ResultsPsilophyton diakanthon sp. nov. differs from other Psilophyton species in possessing fibers that form a discontinuous layer in the inner cortex and two distinct types of spinescent emergences whose anatomy and morphology are consistent with roles in anti‐herbivore defense.ConclusionsPsilophyton diakanthon adds another species to an already diverse genus. Its two morphologically distinct types of spinescence suggest that herbivory was rampant in plant–animal interactions and demonstrate that anti‐herbivory defenses had reached a previously unrecognized level of sophistication by 400 million years ago, in the Early Devonian.
Novel TARS2 variant identified in a Chinese patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy and a systematic review
Authors: He Peiqing , Wang Qingming , Hong Xiaochun , Yuan Haiming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiallelic pathogenic variants in the TARS2 gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, subtype 21 (COXPD21, MIM #615918), which is a rare mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (ME) characterized by early‐onset severe axial hypotonia, limb hypertonia, delayed psychomotor development, epilepsy, and brain anomalies. Currently, eight COXPD21 patients have been reported in the literature, and 11 pathogenic variants in TARS2 have been identified. Here, we report a 2‐year‐6‐month‐old Chinese female who presented with severe dystonia, developmental regression, absent speech, and intractable epilepsy. Laboratory examination showed persistently increased serum lactate. Brain MRI showed that the head of the caudate and partial lenticular nucleus were bilateral symmetrical T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) hyperintense and the corpus callosum was very thin. The clinical characteristics pointed to a ME. Trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was employed to detect the causative variants. WES revealed novel compound heterozygous variants, c.470G>C (p.Thr157Arg) and c.2051C>T (p.Arg684Gln), in TARS2 in our patient that were inherited from the mother and father, respectively. Next, we systematically reviewed the available clinical features of COXPD21 patients and noticed that the reduced fetal movement observed in our patient may be a novel phenotype of COXPD21. These findings expand the mutation spectrum of TARS2 and provide insights into the genotype–phenotype relationship in COXPD21 as well as a foundation for its genetic counseling, diagnosis and treatment.
Responses of Chemosensory Perception to Stimulation of the Human Brain
Authors: Li Yanyan , Tan Zheng , Wang Jing , Cai Yufei , Wang Mengyang , Zhou Wen , Wang Liang 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveSignificant advances have been made in our understanding of the neural substrates of human chemosensory processing, involving the piriform cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. However, the important and challenging issues are to localize the brain regions with high anatomic precision that can causally produce chemosensory perception and further delineate the topography of different classifications of chemosensory perception.MethodsWe quantitatively measured subjective responses of chemosensory perception to intracranial electrical stimulation over the brain in neurosurgical patients (n = 302) with medically refractory epilepsy.ResultsThe chemosensory perceptions including olfaction, gustation, and chemesthesis were elicited in 21 of 302 patients (7%). Chemosensory responses were evoked in 53 (0.2%) of 21,661 stimulated sites. The highest response rate (1.8%) was in the insula (37/2,051 stimulated sites from 15/163 patients). The chemosensory perception emerged predominantly during stimulation of the insula along the central sulcus axis. Notably, there existed a distinct pattern that the anteroventral insula predominately represented orthonasal olfaction, whereas different chemosensory modalities converged in the mid‐dorsal insula.InterpretationThis study provided a detailed characterization of chemosensory perception across the brain, especially in the insula. These results suggest that the cortex along the banks of the central sulcus of the insula may play a role in producing the supramodal sensation of flavor. It also indicates that dysfunction of the central insula should be considered during the evaluation of chemosensory‐related epileptic seizures. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:175–183
Development of polymethylmethacrylate/reduced graphene oxide composite films as thermal interface materials
Authors: Tarcan Raluca , Handrea‐Dragan Madalina , Leordean Cosmin‐Ioan , Cioban Raul Catalin , Kiss Gellert‐Zsolt , Zaharie‐Butucel Diana , Farcau Cosmin , Vulpoi Adriana , Simon Simion , Botiz Ioan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the miniaturization and integration of electronics into more powerful but smaller functional devices, major challenges arise. One of them is to efficiently dissipate the significant amount of thermal energy produced by these electronic devices. This requires interface materials with good thermal management properties. Reduced graphene oxide has attracted a lot of interest in this area due to its good thermal conductivity, similar with those of pristine graphene. In this work, polymethylmethacrylate/reduced graphene oxide (PMMA/RGO) composite thin films have been generated by drop casting mixtures of PMMA solutions and RGO suspensions, all prepared in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. Raman, SEM and AFM investigations confirmed that homogenous PMMA/RGO composite thin films have been obtained, with RGO being uniformly distributed in the blending. Further measurements demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of RGO/PMMA composites increased with the concentration of RGO in the polymeric mixture: for the highest RGO content, the thermal conductivity increased by 210%, with no important modifications of electrical resistivity. These results are very promising for the development of new thermal interface materials based on PMMA/RGO composites to be used, for instance, in automotive industry.
Successful fractionated undiluted doses of COVID‐19 vaccine in five cases of suspected allergic reactions to the first dose
Authors: Rivolta Federica , Camilla Cappelletti , Sangalli Andrea , Chiei Gallo Alessandra , Pravettoni Valerio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfter a suspected allergic reaction to first dose of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine, given the PEG skin tests negativity and tolerance in vivo to PEG containing drugs, five patients were vaccinated with the second dose of Pfizer‐Biontech undergoing a fractional protocol, with antihistamine premedication, without presenting immediate or delayed reactions.
In vivo tracking of KCC2b expression during early brain development
Authors: Jones Emma F. , Butler McKay Gohazrua , Trendafilova Darina , Mendez Mayra S. , Jernigan Luke A. , Gahtan Ethan , Steele John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe neuronal chloride (Cl−) exporter, KCC2, regulates neuron excitability and development and undergoes a stereotypical pattern of delayed upregulation as neurons mature. KCC2 upregulation favors neural inhibition by establishing a negative Cl− gradient, ensuring GABA‐induced Cl− currents are inward and inhibitory. We developed a zebrafish fluorescent reporter line, KCC2b:mCitrine, to track KCC2 expression in vivo during early brain development. KCC2b:mCitrine was first detected at 16 h postfertilization and by day 6 labeled most central and peripheral neurons and processes. At 20 h, expression was greatest in the soma‐dense basal neuroepithelium but largely absent in apical and mantle zones where differentiation and migration primarily occur, and time lapse imaging at this stage supports a postmigration upregulation of KCC2b. Central dopamine neurons showed low KCC2b expression as observed in other species. KCC2b:mCitrine fluorescence was stable over minutes in most neurons, but brightness transients observed in single cells fit our expectation for real‐time tracking of KCC2b upregulation in new neurons. To further assess whether fluorescence brightness tracks KCC2b expression, zebrafish embryos were exposed to bisphenol‐A (BPA), which is known to suppress KCC2 expression. Fluorescence decreased after 6 days of BPA exposure but not after 2 or 4 days, suggesting that it is an accurate but delayed indicator of KCC2b expression. KCC2b:mCitrine zebrafish present a new method for visualizing KCC2b's complex dynamics during brain development, and potentially screening compounds aimed at modulating KCC2 expression.
Malt Barley Yield and Quality Response to Nitrogen and Irrigation Termination Timing
Authors: Rogers Christopher W. , Dari Biswanath , Walling Jason 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDroughts in the western United States have led to an increased and pressing need to consider how to manage crops with less water for the future sustainability of production in the region. Fertilizer nitrogen (N) recommendations in the western United States have often been determined where irrigation was a non‐limiting factor. However, when irrigation is a limiting factor, it is critical to consider the interrelationship with irrigation amounts and N applications rates as crop yield and quality can be heavily influenced in both positive and negative ways. An irrigation termination and N fertilizer rate study was conducted to investigate malt barley yield and quality response in Kimberly, ID. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Considerations for Increasing Sugar Accumulation in Sugarbeet Production
Authors: Larkin Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSugarbeet growers are paid for sugarbeet tons delivered to the factory and for the extractable sugar content found in those beets. The focus of this article will be on agronomic principles that lead to higher extractable sugar. There are several factors that influence sugar development in sugarbeets. Among the most important factors are variety selection, nutrition, and harvest management. Weather, environmental conditions, soil chemical properties, and pest management also influence sugar development. What can we as crop advisers do to ensure the best possible outcome for sugar accumulation in the sugarbeet crop? Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Characterization, combining ability, and analysis of genetic inheritance of persistence and growth traits in tall fescue
Authors: Pirnajmedin Fatemeh , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Taleb Hadi , Mirmohammady Maibody Sayed Ali Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractProductivity and persistence in grasses are the results of a complex combination of many variables that affect plant growth all over the growing periods. The genetic variability and inheritance of seasonal productivity, persistence, and summer dormancy and their associations are poorly understood in tall fescue. In this study, half‐sib (HS) families of tall fescue derived from polycrosses, along with their corresponding parental genotypes were assessed for agro‐morphological traits at three harvests, persistence, and summer dormancy in the field during 2016–2019. High genotypic variation was observed for all the measured traits in the evaluated germplasm. In both parental genotypes and HS families, summer cuts had the lowest values of forage mass than spring and autumn cuts during all years of experiment. Summer dormancy index was negatively correlated with forage production and yield‐related traits. Forage mass at three cuts, persistence, and summer dormancy had lower narrow‐sense heritability (h2PFM) than yield‐related traits, which indicates that these traits may control by small effects of many genes than yield‐related traits. Based on the general combining ability (GCA) and the biplot of principal component analysis (PCA), genotypes 21M and 1E with high forage production were identified as preferable genotypes for forage use, which can be used in other breeding programs. In contrast, genotypes 17M and 4E with low forage productivity and high level of summer dormancy may be suitable for turf application. However, further experiments are needed to assess turf‐related traits, root characteristics, survival and their association with summer dormancy in this germplasm. Preferable genotypes for forage use and turf application were identified for future programs.
Designing a large‐scale track‐based monitoring program to detect changes in species distributions in arid Australia
Authors: Southwell Darren , Skroblin Anja , Moseby Katherine , Southgate Richard , Indigo Naomi , Backhouse Brett , Bellchambers Keith , Brandle Robert , Brenton Peter , Copley Peter , Dziminski Martin A. , Galindez‐Silva Carolina , Lynch Catherine , Newman Peggy , Pedler Reece , Rogers Daniel , Roshier David A. , Ryan‐Colton Ellen , Tuft Katherine , Ward Matt , Zurell Damaris , Legge Sarah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMonitoring trends in animal populations in arid regions is challenging due to remoteness and low population densities. However, detecting species' tracks or signs is an effective survey technique for monitoring population trends across large spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we developed a simulation framework to evaluate the performance of alternative track‐based monitoring designs at detecting change in species distributions in arid Australia. We collated presence–absence records from 550 2‐ha track‐based plots for 11 vertebrates over 13 years and fitted ensemble species distribution models to predict occupancy in 2018. We simulated plausible changes in species' distributions over the next 15 years and, with estimates of detectability, simulated monitoring to evaluate the statistical power of three alternative monitoring scenarios: (1) where surveys were restricted to existing 2‐ha plots, (2) where surveys were optimized to target all species equally, and (3) where surveys were optimized to target two species of conservation concern. Across all monitoring designs and scenarios, we found that power was higher when detecting increasing occupancy trends compared to decreasing trends owing to the relatively low levels of initial occupancy. Our results suggest that surveying 200 of the existing plots annually (with a small subset resurveyed twice within a year) will have at least an 80% chance of detecting 30% declines in occupancy for four of the five invasive species modeled and one of the six native species. This increased to 10 of the 11 species assuming larger (50%) declines. When plots were positioned to target all species equally, power improved slightly for most compared to the existing survey network. When plots were positioned to target two species of conservation concern (crest‐tailed mulgara and dusky hopping mouse), power to detect 30% declines increased by 29% and 31% for these species, respectively, at the cost of reduced power for the remaining species. The effect of varying survey frequency depended on its trade‐off with the number of sites sampled and requires further consideration. Nonetheless, our research suggests that track‐based surveying is an effective and logistically feasible approach to monitoring broad‐scale occupancy trends in desert species with both widespread and restricted distributions.
Highly connected and highly variable: A Core brain network during resting state supports Propofol‐induced unconsciousness
Authors: Li Siyang , Chen Yali , Ren Peng , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Jun , Liang Xia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite that leading theories of consciousness make diverging predictions for where and how neural activity gives rise to subjective experience, they all seem to partially agree that the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) require globally integrated brain activity across a network of functionally specialized modules. However, it is not clear yet whether such functional configurations would be able to identify the NCC. We scanned resting‐state fMRI data from 21 subjects during wakefulness, propofol‐induced sedation, and anesthesia. Graph‐theoretical analyses were conducted on awake fMRI data to search for the NCC candidates as brain regions that exhibit both high rich‐clubness and high modular variability, which were found to locate in prefrontal and temporoparietal cortices. Another independent data set of 10 highly‐sampled subjects was used to validate the NCC distribution at the individual level. Brain module‐based dynamic analysis revealed two discrete reoccurring brain states, one of which was dominated by the NCC candidates (state 1), while the other state was predominately composed of primary sensory/motor regions (state 2). Moreover, state 1 appeared to be temporally more stable than state 2, suggesting that the identified NCC members could sustain conscious content as metastable network representations. Finally, we showed that the identified NCC was modulated in terms of functional connectedness and modular variability in response to the loss of consciousness induced by propofol anesthesia. This work offers a framework to search for neural correlates of consciousness by charting the brain network topology and provides new insights into understanding the roles of different regions in underpinning human consciousness.
Neither, either, or both? Who sees GM and non‐GM food labels?
Authors: Kolodinsky Jane , Buzas Jeffrey , Rose Nick , Zheng Yuqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe US National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard mandates disclosures on foods containing genetically modified (GM) ingredients, while allowing voluntary non‐GM claims to coexist in the marketplace. Using cross‐sectional survey data, accounting for error term correlation and controlling for demographic variability, we describe the types of GM food labels seen by respondents and quantify the association of other label reading behaviors and demographic characteristics on seeing GM and/or non‐GM labels. The percent of respondents seeing both contains and does not contain GM labels increased between 2018 and 2021, with more respondents seeing non‐GM compared with contains GM labels each year. Estimated conditional probabilities reveal that time, other label reading behaviors, and attitudes are heterogeneously associated with seeing contains GM and non‐GM labels.