bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of plasma biomarkers, p‐tau181, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament light, with intermediate and long‐term clinical Alzheimer's disease risk: Results from a prospective cohort followed over 17 years
Authors: Stocker Hannah , Beyer Léon , Perna Laura , Rujescu Dan , Holleczek Bernd , Beyreuther Konrad , Stockmann Julia , Schöttker Ben , Gerwert Klaus , Brenner Hermann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionBlood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the future of AD risk assessment. The aim of this study was to determine the association between plasma‐measured phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) levels and risk of clinical AD incidence with consideration to the impact of cardiovascular health.MethodsWithin a community‐based cohort, biomarker levels were measured at baseline using single molecule array technology in 768 participants (aged 50–75) followed over 17 years. Associations among biomarkers and AD, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia incidence were assessed.ResultsGFAP was associated with clinical AD incidence even more than a decade before diagnosis (9–17 years), while p‐tau181 and NfL were associated with more intermediate AD risk (within 9 years). Significant interaction was detected between cardiovascular health and p‐tau181/NfL.DiscussionGFAP may be an early AD biomarker increasing before p‐tau181 and NfL and the effect modifying role of cardiovascular health should be considered in biomarker risk stratification.
New developments of biofluid‐based biomarkers for routine diagnosis and disease trajectories in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: del Campo Marta , Zetterberg Henrik , Gandy Sam , Onyike Chiadi U , Oliveira Fabricio , Udeh‐Momoh Chi , Lleó Alberto , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Pijnenburg Yolande 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) covers a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders with different phenotypes, genetic backgrounds, and pathological states. Its clinicopathological diversity challenges the diagnostic process and the execution of clinical trials, calling for specific diagnostic biomarkers of pathologic FTD types. There is also a need for biomarkers that facilitate disease staging, quantification of severity, monitoring in clinics and observational studies, and for evaluation of target engagement and treatment response in clinical trials. This review discusses current FTD biofluid‐based biomarker knowledge taking into account the differing applications. The limitations, knowledge gaps, and challenges for the development and implementation of such markers are also examined. Strategies to overcome these hurdles are proposed, including the technologies available, patient cohorts, and collaborative research initiatives. Access to robust and reliable biomarkers that define the exact underlying pathophysiological FTD process will meet the needs for specific diagnosis, disease quantitation, clinical monitoring, and treatment development.
Neurological Events Reported after COVID‐19 Vaccines: An Analysis of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Frontera Jennifer A. , Tamborska Arina A. , Doheim Mohamed F. , Garcia‐Azorin David , Gezegen Hasim , Guekht Alla , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Santacatterina Michele , Sejvar James , Thakur Kiran T. , Westenberg Erica , Winkler Andrea S. , Beghi Ettore ,   contributors from the Global COVID‐19 Neuro Research Coalition
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo identify the rates of neurological events following administration of mRNA (Pfizer, Moderna) or adenovirus vector (Janssen) vaccines in the U.S.MethodsWe used publicly available data from the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) collected between January 1, 2021 and June 14, 2021. All free text symptoms that were reported within 42 days of vaccine administration were manually reviewed and grouped into 36 individual neurological diagnostic categories. Post‐vaccination neurological event rates were compared between vaccine types and to age‐matched baseline incidence rates in the U.S. and rates of neurological events following COVID.ResultsOf 306,907,697 COVID vaccine doses administered during the study timeframe, 314,610 (0.1%) people reported any adverse event and 105,214 (0.03%) reported neurological adverse events in a median of 1 day (IQR0‐3) from inoculation. Guillain‐Barre Syndrome (GBS), and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) occurred in fewer than 1 per 1,000,000 doses. Significantly more neurological adverse events were reported following Janssen (Ad26.COV2.S) vaccination compared to either Pfizer‐BioNtech (BNT162b2) or Moderna (mRNA‐1,273; 0.15% vs 0.03% vs 0.03% of doses, respectively, p < 0.0001). The observed‐to‐expected ratios for GBS, CVT and seizure following Janssen vaccination were ≥1.5‐fold higher than background rates. However, the rate of neurological events after acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was up to 617‐fold higher than after COVID vaccination.InterpretationReports of serious neurological events following COVID vaccination are rare. GBS, CVT and seizure may occur at higher than background rates following Janssen vaccination. Despite this, rates of neurological complications following acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are up to 617‐fold higher than after COVID vaccination. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:756–771
Ultrasound‐Responsive Aqueous Two‐Phase Microcapsules for On‐Demand Drug Release
Authors: Field Rachel D. , Jakus Margaret A. , Chen Xiaoyu , Human Kelia , Zhao Xuanhe , Chitnis Parag V. , Sia Samuel K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTraditional implanted drug delivery systems cannot easily change their release profile in real time to respond to physiological changes. Here we present a microfluidic aqueous two‐phase system to generate microcapsules that can release drugs on demand as triggered by focused ultrasound (FUS). The biphasic microcapsules are made of hydrogels with an outer phase of mixed molecular weight (MW) poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate that mitigates premature payload release and an inner phase of high MW dextran with payload that breaks down in response to FUS. Compound release from microcapsules could be triggered as desired; 0.4 μg of payload was released across 16 on‐demand steps over days. We detected broadband acoustic signals amidst low heating, suggesting inertial cavitation as a key mechanism for payload release. Overall, FUS‐responsive microcapsules are a biocompatible and wirelessly triggerable structure for on‐demand drug delivery over days to weeks.
Insights into Dynamic Surface Bromide Sites in Bi4O5Br2 for Sustainable N2 Photofixation
Authors: Dong Xing'an , Cui Zhihao , Shi Xian , Yan Ping , Wang Zhiming , Co Anne C. , Dong Fan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSimulating photosynthesis has long been one of the ideas for realizing the conversion of solar energy into industrial chemicals. Heterogeneous N2 photofixation in water is a promising way for sustainable production of ammonia. However, a mechanistic understanding of the complex aqueous photocatalytic N2 reduction is still lacking. In this study, a light‐dependent surface hydrogenation mechanism and light‐independent protection of catalyst surface for N2 reduction are revealed on ultrathin Bi4O5Br2 (BOB) nanosheets, in which the creation and annihilation of surface bromine vacancies can be controlled via a surface bromine cycle. Our rapid scan in situ FT‐IR spectra verify that photocatalytic N2 reduction proceeds through an associative alternating mechanism on BOB surface with bromine vacancies (BrV‐BOB). This work provides a new strategy to combine light‐dependent facilitated reaction with light‐independent regeneration of catalyst for advancing sustainable ammonia production.
Self‐Regulating Colloidal Co‐Assemblies That Accelerate Their Own Destruction via Chemo‐Structural Feedback
Authors: Sharma Charu , Walther Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBiological self‐assemblies self‐ and cross‐regulate each other via chemical reaction networks (CRNs) and feedback. Although artificial transient self‐assemblies have been realized via activation/deactivation CRNs, the transient structures themselves do mostly not engage in the CRN. We introduce a rational design approach for chemo‐structural feedback, and present a transient colloidal co‐assembly system, where the formed co‐assemblies accelerate their destruction autonomously. We achieve this by immobilizing enzymes of a deactivating acid‐producing enzymatic cascade on pH‐switchable microgels that can form co‐assemblies at high pH. Since the enzyme partners are immobilized on individual microgels, the co‐assembled state brings them close enough for enhanced acid generation. The amplified deactivator production (acid) leads to an almost two‐fold reduction in the lifetime of the transiently formed pH‐state. Our study thus introduces versatile mechanisms for chemo‐structural feedback.
Metal‐Insulator‐Semiconductor Anodes for Ultrastable and Site‐Selective Upconversion Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Descamps Julie , Ababou‐Girard Soraya , Bergamini Jean‐François , Santinacci Lionel , Léger Yoan , Sojic Neso , Loget Gabriel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhotoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) allows the electrochemically assisted conversion of low‐energy photons into high‐energy photons at an electrode surface. This concept is expected to have important implications, however, it is dramatically limited by the stability of the surface, impeding future developments. Here, a series of metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS) junctions, using photoactive n‐type Si (n‐Si) as a light absorber covered by a few‐nanometer‐thick protective SiOx/metal (SiOx/M, with M=Ru, Pt, and Ir) overlayers are investigated for upconversion PECL of the model co‐reactant system involving the simultaneous oxidation of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and tri‐n‐propylamine. We show that n‐Si/SiOx/Pt and n‐Si/SiOx/Ir exhibit high photovoltages and record stabilities in operation (35 h for n‐Si/SiOx/Ir) for the generation of intense PECL with an anti‐Stokes shift of 218 nm. We also demonstrate that these surfaces can be employed for spatially localized PECL. These unprecedented performances are extremely promising for future applications of PECL.
A Heterogeneous Palladium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Olefins Prepared by Halide Abstraction Using Surface R3Si+ Species
Authors: Gao Jiaxin , Dorn Rick W. , Laurent Guillaume P. , Perras Frédéric A. , Rossini Aaron J. , Conley Matthew P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe silylium‐like surface species [iPr3Si][(RFO)3Al−OSi≡)] activates (N^N)Pd(CH3)Cl (N^N=Ar−N=CMeMeC=N−Ar, Ar=2,6‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐methylbenzene) by chloride ion abstraction to form [(N^N)Pd−CH3][(RFO)3Al−OSi≡)] (1). A combination of FTIR, solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and reactions with CO or vinyl chloride establish that 1 shows similar reactivity patterns as (N^N)Pd(CH3)Cl activated with Na[B(ArF)4]. Multinuclear 13C{27Al} RESPDOR and 1H{19F} S‐REDOR experiments are consistent with a weakly coordinated ion‐pair between (N^N)Pd−CH3+ and [(RFO)3Al−OSi≡)]. 1 catalyzes the polymerization of ethylene with similar activities as [(N^N)Pd−CH3]+ in solution and incorporates up to 0.4 % methyl acrylate in copolymerization reactions. 1 produces polymers with significantly higher molecular weight than the solution catalyst, and generates the highest molecular weight polymers currently reported in copolymerization reactions of ethylene and methylacrylate.
A Rational Biphasic Tailoring Strategy Enabling High‐Performance Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhiwei , Fan Xin‐Yu , Yu Lianzheng , Hua Weibo , Guo Yu‐Jie , Feng Yi‐Hu , Ji Fang‐Di , Liu Mengting , Yin Ya‐Xia , Han Xiaogang , Guo Yu‐Guo , Wang Peng‐Fei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLayered oxide cathodes usually exhibit high compositional diversity, thus providing controllable electrochemical performance for Na‐ion batteries. These abundant components lead to complicated structural chemistry, closely affecting the stacking preference, phase transition and Na+ kinetics. With this perspective, we explore the thermodynamically stable phase diagram of various P2/O3 composites based on a rational biphasic tailoring strategy. Then a specific P2/O3 composite is investigated and compared with its monophasic counterparts. A highly reversible structural evolution of P2/O3–P2/O3/P3–P2/P3–P2/Z/O3′–Z/O3′ based on the Ni2+/Ni3.5+, Fe3+/Fe4+ and Mn3.8+/Mn4+ redox couples upon sequential Na extraction/insertion is revealed. The reduced structural strain at the phase boundary alleviates the phase transition and decreases the lattice mismatch during cycling, endowing the biphasic electrode a large reversible capacity of 144 mAh g−1 with the energy density approaching 514 Wh kg−1.
Superhydrophilic 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Broadband Absorbers for Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Yan Xiaoli , Lyu Shanzhi , Xu Xiao‐Qi , Chen Weiben , Shang Pengna , Yang Zongfan , Zhang Guang , Chen Weihua , Wang Yapei , Chen Long 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe intrinsic hydrophobicity and limited light absorption especially in the near‐infrared (NIR) region of porous organic polymers are two bottlenecks impeding their applications in solar steam generation (SSG). Herein, we develop a 1,4,5,8‐tetrakis(phenylamino)anthracene‐9,10‐dione (TPAD)‐based covalent organic framework (COF) (TPAD‐COF) featuring both superhydrophilicity and broad light absorption covering from the entire UV/Vis to NIR regions for SSG. TPAD‐COF serving as a highly efficient photothermal conversion material without any additives displays an excellent water evaporation of 1.42 kg m−2 h−1and achieves a high energy conversion efficiency of 94 % under 1 sun irradiation. Further extension of the light absorption range of the TPAD‐based COF is realized through post‐synthetic modification by chelating BF2moieties. Systematic control experiments and analysis confirm that the hydrophilicity of photothermal conversion materials plays a more dominant role in the current TPAD‐based COFs for SSG.
Pillararene‐Induced Intramolecular Through‐Space Charge Transfer and Single‐Molecule White‐Light Emission
Authors: Li Qi , Wu Yitao , Cao Jiajun , Liu Yang , Wang Zeju , Zhu Huangtianzhi , Zhang Haoke , Huang Feihe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe fabrication of single‐molecule white‐light emission (SMWLE) materials has become a highly studied topic in recent years and through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) is emerging as an important concept in this field. However, the preparation of ideal TSCT‐based SMWLE materials is still a big challenge. Herein, we report a bifunctional pillar[5]arene (TPCN‐P5‐TPA) with a linear donor‐spacer‐acceptor structure and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) property. The bulky pillar[5]arene between the donor and acceptor induces a twisted conformation and a non‐conjugated structure, resulting in intramolecular TSCT. In addition, the AIE feature and pillar[5]arene cavity endowTPCN‐P5‐TPAwith responsiveness to viscosity and polar guests, by which the TSCT emission is triggered. The combination of blue locally‐excited state emission and yellow TSCT emission ofTPCN‐P5‐TPAgenerates SMWLE. Therefore, we provide a new and versatile strategy for the construction of TSCT‐based SMWLE materials.
An effortless approach to synthesize two structurally diverse nano copper(II) materials and assessment of their apoptosis‐inducing ability on lung cancer cell line
Authors: Biswas Sneha , Karim Suhana , Zangrando Ennio , Chandra Arpita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo architecturally dissimilar coordination complexes, namely, C1 = [CuL1(NO2)]2 and C2 = [CuL2(NO3)] (L1 = (4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐isobutylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate and L2 = (4‐bromo‐2‐[(2‐propylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenolate) have been synthesized from two different organic ligand backbones. The synthesized complexes have been identified using some common techniques like elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The X‐ray structural analysis revealed that C1 is a dinuclear complex realized through one bridging nitrite anion, whereas for C2, nitrate anions bridge the complexes to accomplish a 1D coordination polymer. C1 and C2 when slashed down by rapid and green mechanical method by using a simple hand grinding technique, mortar and pestle, resulted in NC1 and NC2 nanoparticles, whose average size was characterized by PXRD, SEM, and DLS.As far as we know, this is the first report where the nano‐formulation has been used while maintaining the structural integrity of the Schiff base complex. The proliferative properties of these complexes have been assessed in vitro using human lung carcinoma cell line A549. Being a polymer, the number of metal centers in NC2 is much higher; accordingly, this complex is more vital in terms of biological activity in comparison with NC1.
2021 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Recommendations for Nonpharmacologic Therapies, Medication Monitoring, Immunizations, and Imaging
Authors: Onel Karen B. , Horton Daniel B. , Lovell Daniel J. , Shenoi Susan , Cuello Carlos A. , Angeles‐Han Sheila T. , Becker Mara L. , Cron Randy Q. , Feldman Brian M. , Ferguson Polly J. , Gewanter Harry , Guzman Jaime , Kimura Yukiko , Lee Tzielan , Murphy Katherine , Nigrovic Peter A. , Ombrello Michael J. , Rabinovich C. Egla , Tesher Melissa , Twilt Marinka , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Barbar‐Smiley Fatima , Cooper Ashley M. , Edelheit Barbara , Gillispie‐Taylor Miriah , Hays Kimberly , Mannion Melissa L. , Peterson Rosemary , Flanagan Elaine , Saad Nadine , Sullivan Nancy , Szymanski Ann Marie , Trachtman Rebecca , Turgunbaev Marat , Veiga Keila , Turner Amy S. , Reston James T. 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo provide recommendations for the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with a focus on nonpharmacologic therapies, medication monitoring, immunizations, and imaging, irrespective of JIA phenotype.MethodsWe developed clinically relevant Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes questions. After conducting a systematic literature review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the quality of evidence (high, moderate, low, or very low). A Voting Panel including clinicians and patients/caregivers achieved consensus on the direction (for or against) and strength (strong or conditional) of recommendations.ResultsRecommendations in this guideline include the use of physical therapy and occupational therapy interventions; a healthy, well‐balanced, age‐appropriate diet; specific laboratory monitoring for medications; widespread use of immunizations; and shared decision‐making with patients/caregivers. Disease management for all patients with JIA is addressed with respect to nonpharmacologic therapies, medication monitoring, immunizations, and imaging. Evidence for all recommendations was graded as low or very low in quality. For that reason, more than half of the recommendations are conditional.ConclusionThis clinical practice guideline complements the 2019 American College of Rheumatology JIA and uveitis guidelines, which addressed polyarthritis, sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and uveitis, and a concurrent 2021 guideline on oligoarthritis, temporomandibular arthritis, and systemic JIA. It serves as a tool to support clinicians, patients, and caregivers in decision‐making. The recommendations take into consideration the severity of both articular and nonarticular manifestations as well as patient quality of life. Although evidence is generally low quality and many recommendations are conditional, the inclusion of caregivers and patients in the decision‐making process strengthens the relevance and applicability of the guideline. It is important to remember that these are recommendations. Clinical decisions, as always, should be made by the treating clinician and patient/caregiver.
Molecular Fluorescent Probes for Liver Tumor Imaging
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Jia , He Longwei , Yang Xuefeng , Yuan Lin , Cheng Dan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLiver cancer is a malignant tumor with both high morbidity and mortality. The traditional treatment method is mainly based on hepatectomy for liver tumor. However, it is difficult to accurately distinguish the tumor tissue and its boundary with the naked eye and palpation, leading to an ambiguous resection result, finally causing high recurrence of liver cancer. Molecular fluorescent probes possessing numerous advantages, such as non‐invasiveness, high sensitivity, and real‐time imaging, have been extensively studied in liver cancer imaging and therapy. In this review, we briefly introduce the recent developments of always‐on and activatable fluorescent probes in liver cancer imaging and therapy. Future potential challenges of the fluorescent probes for liver tumor imaging are also discussed. We expect that this review would improve the fluorescent probes development for real clinical application of liver cancer disease.
Generation of reproductive transgenic pigs of a CRISPR‐Cas9‐based oncogene‐inducible system by somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Eun Kiyoung , Hwang Seon‐Ung , Kim Mirae , Yoon Junchul David , Kim Eunhye , Choi Hyerin , Kim Gahye , Jeon Hee‐Young , Kim Jun‐Kyum , Kim Jung Yun , Hong Nayoung , Park Min‐Gi , Jang Junseok , Jeong Hyeon Ju , Kim Sung Jin , Ko Bong‐Woo , Lee Sang Chul , Kim Hyunggee , Hyun Sang‐Hwan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlternative cancer models that are close to humans are required to create more valuable preclinical results during oncology studies. Here, a new onco‐pig model via developing a CRISPR‐Cas9‐based Conditional Polycistronic gene expression Cassette (CRI‐CPC) system to control the tumor inducing simian virus 40 large T antigen (SV40LT) and oncogenic HRASG12V. After conducting somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), transgenic embryos were transplanted into surrogate mothers and five male piglets were born. Umbilical cord analysis confirmed that all piglets were transgenic. Two of them survived and they expressed a detectable green fluorescence. The test was made whether CRI‐CPC models were naturally fertile and whether the CRI‐CPC system was stably transferred to the offspring. By mating with a normal female pig, four offspring piglets were successfully produced. Among them, only three male piglets were transgenic. Finally, their applicability was tested as cancer models after transduction of Cas9 into fibroblasts from each CRI‐CPC pig in vitro, resulting in cell acquisition of cancerous characteristics via the induction of oncogene expression. These results showed that our new CRISPR‐Cas9‐based onco‐pig model was successfully developed.