bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐linear electrical conductivity of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer‐based composite dielectrics by tuning inorganic fillers
Authors: Zhang Tiandong , Li Hao , Zhang Changhai , Tang Chao , Li Zhonghua , Chi Qingguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, three kinds of inorganic fillers are chosen and filled into ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) matrix, including silicon carbide, copper calcium titanate (CCTO), and vanadium dioxide (VO2). The electrical properties of the three modified composites at different temperatures have been systematically studied. The intrinsic conductance behaviours of different inorganic fillers on the direct current conductance and electric breakdown strength of the composite dielectrics are also analysed, and the possible mechanism for non‐linear conductivity is revealed. The electrical conductivity increases with the increase of fillers content, where 30 wt.% CCTO/EPDM composite dielectric has a high non‐linear coefficient of 5.71. The increase in temperature can further increase the conductivity of the composites, accompanying a lower breakdown strength. When the temperature rises to 70°C, the VO2/EPDM composite has a higher conductivity, but the electric breakdown strength degrades seriously. The simulation results show that the composites with non‐linear electrical conductivity characteristics can effectively uniform the electric field and solve the problem of electric field concentration at the root of the stress cone, which is beneficial to improving the safe operation of the cable accessories.
Application of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in a rat model of ischaemic stroke: Design, optimisation, and characteristics
Authors: Chen Ye , Yang Bingyan , Liu Yuqing , Xu Lixin , Shi Zhongfang , Liu Yixiao , Han Ruoyu , Yuan Fang , Ouyang Jiting , Yan Xu , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies have shown the in vitro neuro‐protective functions of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) against multiple pathological injuries during ischaemic stroke (IS). However, whether APP treatment exerts a therapeutic effect on a rat IS model remains unclear. Here, on the basis of needle‐to‐ring dielectric barrier discharge, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was designed, with the Helium as the working gas which was driven by a sinusoidal voltage. Then, the treatment conditions were optimised for IS rat model treatment and the characteristics of this APPJ were further diagnosed. Subsequently, the rat IS model was established through 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and plasma was intermittently inhaled by rats via the nasal cavity for a 2 min period at 60 min of MCAO process. The therapeutic effects of this plasma jet device were then evaluated using biomedical analyses. According to our results, intermittent APP inhalation in the MCAO rats increased the serum NO content, improved the neurological function, enhanced regional cerebral blood flow, lowered brain infarction, and reduced the cell apoptosis in brain tissues of MCAO rats. Collectively, our data provides a novel potential strategy for IS treatment by using atmospheric‐pressure plasma inhalation.
Improvement of partial discharge resistance of polypropylene under AC voltage by blending elastomer
Authors: Gao Yu , Peng Jinjing , Li Jing , Song Zheng , Xu Xuri , Han Tao , Xiao Meng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on the partial discharge (PD) erosion characteristics of polypropylene (PP)/elastomer blends where ethylene‐octene copolymer elastomer (EOC) and propylene‐based elastomer are involved. The PD erosion is performed through a pair of needle‐to‐plane electrodes by applying 5 kV AC voltage for 2 h. A high‐frequency current transformer, optical recorder, and ozone sensor are used to capture the information released during the PD erosion process. In addition, a 3D optical profilometer is employed to record the erosion profile, from which the erosion depth and the surface roughness can be extracted. Carrier trap distribution is derived from the isothermal surface potential decay measurement. The influences of elastomer type and content on the PD resistance are analyzed. The results show that the resistance is improved with the addition of elastomer, and the blend containing EOC of 20 wt% has the best PD resistance among all samples, which is 61.9% higher than that of the pure PP. It is proposed that the carrier trap characteristics, the property of elastomer, and the free volume in the material play important roles in the improvement of the PD resistance. This work provides a potential method to enhance the PD resistance of PP by blending elastomer with proper type and content.
Frequency regulation of off‐grid system with battery energy storage system using deep Q‐network
Authors: Takayama Satoshi , Sawabe Takeshi , Ishigame Atsushi , Hashikawa Kazuyuki , Kuwashita Yukiyasu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a model‐free decision algorithm for battery energy storage system (BESS) charging/discharging using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to regulate off‐grid frequency fluctuation. This method is novel since the frequency regulation problem is cast in an off‐grid system to a deep Q‐network framework, which avoids directly solving a specific optimization model or model‐based control. The advantage of the proposed method is that the agents learn to comprehensively make short‐term forecasts of demand and PV output, analyse trends in forecast errors, and create control signals within the framework of DRL. A reward function with two criteria, frequency target value and frequency constraint value, guides the agent to suppress the frequency fluctuation by adjusting the weight coefficient. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using computational simulations with the off‐grid system model and actual power consumption data. The proposed method enables controlling the BESS to satisfy the balance of supply and demand on the off‐grid, thus realizing a control method that does not require predictive information. Moreover, the frequency control can be achieved more accurately in a short computation time than the prediction‐based method using the seasonal auto‐regressive integrated moving average.
Properties of shock waves in the quiet-Sun chromosphere
Authors: Mathur Harsh , Joshi Jayant , Nagaraju K. , van der Voort Luc Rouppe , Bose Souvik 
Published: October 2022

Context.Short-lived (100 s or less), sub-arcsec to a couple of arcsec sized features of enhanced brightenings in the narrowband images at the H2Vand K2Vpositions of the Ca IIH&K lines in the quiet Sun are known as bright grains. These bright grains are interpreted as manifestations of acoustic shock waves in the chromosphere.Aims.We aim to study time-varying stratified atmospheric properties, such as the temperature, line-of-sight (LOS) velocity, and microturbulence inferred from observations of the bright grains during such acoustic shock events.Methods.With simultaneous observations of a quiet-Sun internetwork region in the Fe I6173 Å, Ca II8542 Å, and Ca IIK lines acquired by the CRisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter and the CHROMospheric Imaging Spectrometer instruments on the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope, we performed multi-line non-local thermodynamic equilibrium inversions using the STockholm inversion Code to infer the time-varying stratified atmosphere’s physical properties.Results.The Ca IIK profiles of bright grains show enhancement in the K2Vpeak intensities with the absence of the K2Rfeatures. At the time of maximum enhancement in the K2Vpeak intensities, we found average enhancements in temperature at lower chromospheric layers (at log τ500≃ −4.2) of about 1.1 kK, with a maximum enhancement of ∼4.5 kK. These temperature enhancements are co-located with upflows, as strong as −6 km s−1, in the direction of the LOS. The LOS velocities at upper chromospheric layers at log τ500< −4.2 show consistent downflows greater than +8 km s−1. The retrieved value of microturbulence in the atmosphere of bright grains is negligible at chromospheric layers.Conclusions.This study provides observational evidence to support the interpretation that the bright grains observed in narrowband images at the H2Vand K2Vpositions of the Ca IIH&K lines are manifestations of upward propagating acoustic shocks against a background of downflowing atmospheres.
Gesundheit und berufliche Zufriedenheit von freiberuflichen und
angestellten Hebammen: Ergebnisse einer Hebammenbefragung in
Baden-Württemberg
Authors: Kohler Stefan , Bärnighausen Till , Eichenauer Jutta , Scheichenbauer Christel , Paul Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Seit einigen Jahren wird in Deutschland vielerorts ein Mangel
an Hebammen diskutiert. In dieser Studie befragten wir freiberufliche und
angestellte Hebammen in Baden-Württemberg zu ihrer Gesundheit sowie
beruflichen Zufriedenheit.
Methode In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Hebammenverband
Baden-Württemberg wurde vom 16. Oktober bis 10. Dezember 2017 eine
Online-Hebammenbefragung durchgeführt. Mithilfe einer visuellen
Analogskala (0–100 Punkte), dem WHO-5-Fragebogen (0–100 Punkte)
und dem Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (0–100 Punkte) wurden Daten zum
Gesundheitszustand, Wohlbefinden und Burnout erhoben. Berufliche Zufriedenheit
wurde über eine 7-stufige Likert-Skala erfragt.
Siebenhundertzweiundzwanzig Hebammen nahmen an der Befragung teil. Für
diese Studie wurden 545 bis 608 Datensätze ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Von den untersuchten Hebammen schätzten 78,1%
ihren Gesundheitszustand als gut oder sehr gut ein (≥60 Punkte).
Zwischen freiberuflichen Hebammen, angestellten Hebammen und Hebammen, die in
beiden Berufsformen tätig waren, wurde kein statistisch signifikanter
Unterschied beobachtet (P=0,12). Hebammen, die ausschließlich
(15,0%) oder teilweise (12,6%) angestellt tätig waren,
hatten häufiger ein sehr niedriges Wohlbefinden (≤25 Punkte) als
freiberufliche Hebammen (7,3%; P=0,023). Zudem hatten Hebammen,
die ausschließlich (41,5%) oder teilweise (39,4%)
angestellt tätig waren, häufiger ein moderates oder hohes
Burnout-Risiko (≥50 Punkte) als freiberufliche Hebammen (20,6%;
P<0,001). Ein niedrigerer Gesundheitszustand, ein niedrigeres
Wohlbefinden oder ein höheres Burnout-Risiko gingen mit höherer
beruflicher Unzufriedenheit in einem oder mehreren Bereichen einher. In
multiplen Analysen war vor allem ein höheres Burnout-Risiko mit einer
höheren beruflichen Unzufriedenheit in verschiedenen Bereichen
verbunden.
Schlussfolgerungen Ein großer Teil der in unserer Studie
untersuchten Hebammen zeigte Symptome von Depression und/oder Burnout.
Der Gesundheitszustand von Hebammen scheint im Mittel über dem
Gesundheitszustand von Frauen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung in
Deutschland zu liegen, das Wohlbefinden von Hebammen jedoch darunter. Wir
empfehlen weiter zu untersuchen, wie die Belastungen von Hebammen im Zuge der
Fortentwicklung der Versorgungsstrukturen in der Geburtshilfe verringert werden
können.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraosseous Ganglion in the Ankle
Region
Authors: Mei Zhengfeng , Lei Wentao , Huang Donghui , Ma Wei , Pan Guobiao , Ni Lingzhi , Han Zhiwei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of intraosseous
ganglion cyst in the ankle region.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the diagnosis and
treatment of 18 patients with intraosseous ganglion in the ankle region from
January 2005 to March 2016. There were 11 males and 7 females, with an average
age of 40.4 years (22–74 years). Thirteen of these had mild intermittent
localized pain in the ankle and five were asymptomatic and fortuitously found on
images. According to the location of the intraosseous ganglion cyst, nine were
located in the distal end of tibia, seven were in the distal end of the fibula,
and two were in the talus. After curettage of intraosseous ganglion, 15 cases
were filled with autogenous iliac bone and 3 cases with artificial bone.
Results Fifteen cases were diagnosed with radiographs and CT scans, two
cases with MR images, and one case was confirmed by postoperative pathology. The
cyst contents were jelly-like material with sclerotic bone margins. The mean
size of the intraosseous ganglion cyst was 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 1 cm. Hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining of the tissue showed fibrous tissue, collagenous
fiber, mucoid, and a few fibroblasts. Eighteen cases were followed up for 11
months to 10 years, with an average of 5.4 years. No recurrence was found.
Sixteen patients were asymptomatic after surgery. Two cases of ankle pain
occurred at 1 year and 6 months postoperatively, respectively. According to the
American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale, the
mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score improved from 78.2 ± 13.7 points preoperatively
to 97.3 ± 4.5 points at the final follow-up.
Conclusion For the intraosseous ganglion cyst in the ankle region, whether
there are clinical symptoms or not, the cyst should be curettaged and the cavity
should be filled with bone graft. The operation result is satisfactory.
Recent Advances on Radical-Mediated Cyanoalkylation/Cyanation using AIBN and Analogues as the Radical Sources
Authors: Zhou Han , Liu Yin-Ling , Tang Shi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAIBN (2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile) and analogues are readily available chemical reagents that are widely used as free-radical initiators of polymer chemistry. Importantly, AIBN and derivatives are also safe and efficient (alkyl)cyano sources for synthesizing cyano-containing scaffolds. In the past decades, synthetic strategies using AIBN and derivatives as radical sources have attracted increasing attention from the synthetic community. This review will provide a valuable tool for understanding the importance of AIBN and derivatives in the area of synthetic chemistry. In this context, we present a comprehensive review that guides readers through the developments in AIBN chemistry over the past five years from several aspects.1	Introduction2	Radical Addition onto Alkenes or Alkynes using AIBN as Cyanoalkyl Radical3	Dehydrogenated, decarboxylated cyano-alkylation by using AIBN and analogues4	Synthesis of Ketone and its Derivatives with AIBN and Analogues as Carbonyl Source5	Construction of Multi-ring Skeletons in the Presence of AIBN and Analogues6	Direct Application as Cyano (CN) Source in Cyanation Reactions7	Conclusions
Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profile in Health Care-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in North India
Authors: Verma Sheetal , Kalyan Raj Kumar , Gupta Prashant , Khan Mohd Danish , Venkatesh Vimala 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (HAUTIs) caused by gram-negative pathogens have emerged as a global concern. So far, little is known about the epidemiology of extended-spectrum β lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in HAUTIs in India. The study was carried to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and ESBL-producing genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from HAUTIs in a tertiary institute in North India.
Methods A total of 200 consecutive, nonduplicate clinical isolates of E. coli and 140 isolates of K. pneumoniae from hospitalized patients with UTI were collected during a period of 1 year. Strains were studied for the presence of ESBL genes (blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, blaCTX-M15, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA-1, blaVEB, blaPER-2, and blaGES) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using gene-specific primers.
Results ESBL was detected in 82.5% (165 out of 200) isolates of E. coli and 74.3% (104 out of 140) isolates of K. pneumoniae by phenotypic confirmatory testing. From 269 phenotypically positive ESBL isolates, blaTEM (49.4%) was the most common genotype followed by blaCTX-M1 (31.97%), blaOXA-1 (30.1%), and blaSHV(11.9%) either alone or in combination. In the present study, blaCTX-M-15 (84.89%) was the most common blaCTX-M1-type ESBL. In total, 2.6 and 5.2% of the isolates were positive for PER-2 and VEB genes, respectively.
Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on ESBL resistance patterns and ESBL-producing genes in HAUTIs in North India. Our study reports high occurrence with ESBL types CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, TEM, and SHV. Minor ESBL variants OXA-1, VEB-type, and PER-2-type β-lactamase are also emerging in HAUTIs infections in North India.
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: Evaluation, Management, and Interventions
Authors: Kaufman Claire S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a dreaded, highly morbid pathology. Often this is due to acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. This can be from thrombus or embolism; however, AMI can also be the result of mesenteric venous thrombus or nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia. There have been many recent advances in diagnosis and treatment including endovascular therapies. While there is increasing data to support an endovascular first approach, with improved 30-day mortality rates and in-hospital mortality, many patients will still require surgical intervention at some point. This article will review AMI for the interventional radiologist including etiologies, diagnosis, and management.
Turning a blind eye on the black sheep: when are voters loyal to corrupt politicians?
Authors: Jankowski Michael , Juen Christina-Marie , Lewandowsky Marcel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhen do voters turn a blind eye on corrupt politicians? Recent research suggests that voters might be willing to support corrupt politicians due to a lack of a ‘viable and clean alternative,’ i.e., voters prefer supporting a corrupt politician when the alternative is to support a politician who takes a fundamentally different policy stance. Following this argument, it has also been argued that especially corrupt politicians from radical parties are less likely to be punished by their voters as these voters are more hostile toward other parties. In other words, voters of radical parties are more likely to lack viable alternatives. Based on a survey experiment conducted in Germany, we put these hypotheses to an empirical test. We find evidence for the expected patterns. Supporters of radical parties are indeed less likely to switch their vote to a different party. However, our experiment also shows that this is because voters of radical parties are more likely to lack a viable alternative. When supporters of radical parties evaluate a clean alternative favorable, they are just as likely as voters of mainstream parties to switch away from the corrupt candidate. Finally, we show how strengths of partisan attachment affect voting for corrupt candidates.
Understanding factual belief polarization: the role of trust, political sophistication, and affective polarization
Authors: Rekker Roderik , Harteveld Eelco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolitical opponents are often divided not only in their attitudes (i.e., ideological polarization) and their feelings toward each other (i.e., affective polarization), but also in their factual perceptions of reality (i.e., factual belief polarization). This paper describes factual belief polarization in the Netherlands around three core issues. Furthermore, this paper examines who are most susceptible to this type of polarization. Analyses on the 2021 Dutch Parliamentary Election Study reveal that citizens hold different perceptions than their political opponents about income inequality, immigration, and climate change. This type of polarization is strongest among citizens who have hostile feelings toward their political opponents and, paradoxically, among those who are highly educated and interested in politics. Trust in epistemic authorities did not mitigate factual belief polarization, perhaps because this trust has itself become politicized. These findings underline that factual belief polarization constitutes a core pillar of political polarization, alongside ideological and affective polarization.
Time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed measurements from simultaneous bow shock imaging and inductive probe measurements
Authors: Datta R. , Russell D. R. , Tang I. , Clayson T. , Suttle L. G. , Chittenden J. P. , Lebedev S. V. , Hare J. D. 
Published: October 2022

We present a technique to measure the time-resolved velocity and ion sound speed in magnetized, supersonic high-energy-density plasmas. We place an inductive (“b-dot”) probe in a supersonic pulsed-power-driven plasma flow and measure the magnetic field advected by the plasma. As the magnetic Reynolds number is large (RM &gt; 10), the plasma flow advects a magnetic field proportional to the current at the load. This enables us to estimate the flow velocity as a function of time from the delay between the current at the load and the signal at the probe. The supersonic flow also generates a hydrodynamic bow shock around the probe, the structure of which depends on the upstream sonic Mach number. By imaging the shock around the probe with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, we determine the upstream Mach number from the shock Mach angle, which we then use to determine the ion sound speed from the known upstream velocity. We use the sound speed to infer the value of Z̄Te, where Z̄ is the average ionization and Te is the electron temperature. We use this diagnostic to measure the time-resolved velocity and sound speed of a supersonic (MS ∼ 8), super-Alfvénic (MA ∼ 2) aluminum plasma generated during the ablation stage of an exploding wire array on the Magpie generator (1.4 MA, 250 ns). The velocity and Z̄Te measurements agree well with the optical Thompson scattering measurements reported in the literature and with 3D resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations in GORGON.
Predicted performance of a tangential viewing hard x-ray camera for the DIII-D high field side lower hybrid current drive experiment
Authors: Rutherford Grant , Seltzman Andrew H. , Wukitch Stephen J. 
Published: October 2022

High field side launch of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) has improved accessibility and penetration over low field side launch on DIII-D. Simulations predict single pass absorption under a wide range of plasma conditions. Hard x-ray (HXR) measurement of LHCD generated fast electron bremsstrahlung (50–250 keV) will validate wave propagation and absorption. Emissivity profiles are recovered from one-dimensional inversion of HXR brightness to determine LH damping location, fast electron slowing down time, and some indication of the fast electron energy. The camera will be implemented by populating 32 tangential sightlines of the existing Gamma Ray Imager with Kromek SPEARTM Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors sensitive to 10–1000 keV photons with 10 keV energy resolution. Expected count rates allow for &lt;0.5 ms time resolution. Pulses are processed using 50 ns shaping time Cremat CR-200 Gaussian shaping modules and are digitized by 25 MHz D-TACQ ACQ216 digitizers. The performance of the HXR camera is evaluated by comparing predicted fast electron density profiles and inverted synthetic brightnesses obtained from the ray-tracing/Fokker–Planck codes GENRAY/CQL3D. Inversions closely matched predicted fast electron profiles for a range of experimental parameters.