bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential determinants of unfavourable healthcare utilisation trajectories during the last year of life of people with incident Alzheimer Disease or Related Syndromes: a nationwide cohort study using administrative data
Authors: Elyn Antoine , Gardette Virginie , Renoux Axel , Sourdet Sandrine , Nourhashemi Fati , Sanou Brigitte , Dutech Michel , Muller Philippe , Gallini Adeline 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
people approaching the end-of-life frequently face inappropriate care. With Alzheimer Disease or Related Syndromes (ADRS), end-of-life is characterised by progressive decline, but this period remains difficult to identify. This leads to a lack of anticipation and sometimes with unfavourable healthcare utilisation trajectories (HUTs).

Objective
to quantify unfavourable HUTs during the last year of life and identify their potential determinants in both community and nursing-home settings.

Design
nationwide cohort study using administrative database.

Setting
French community and nursing-home residents.

Subjects
incident ADRS people identified in 2012, who died up to 31 December 2017.

Methods
we used multidimensional clustering to identify 15 clusters of HUTs, using 11 longitudinal healthcare dimensions during the last year of life. Clusters were qualitatively assessed by pluri-disciplinary experts as favourable or unfavourable HUTs. Individual and contextual potential determinants of unfavourable HUTs were studied by setting using logistic random-effect regression models.

Results
62,243 individuals died before 31 December 2017; 46.8% faced unfavourable end-of-life HUTs: 55.2% in the community and 31.8% in nursing-homes. Individual potential determinants were identified: younger age, male gender, ADRS identification through hospitalisation, shorter survival, life-limiting comorbidities, psychiatric disorders, acute hospitalisations and polypharmacy. In the community, deprivation and autonomy were identified as potential determinants. Contextual potential determinants raised mostly in the community, such as low nurse or physiotherapist accessibilities.

Conclusions
Nearly half of people with ADRS faced unfavourable HUTs during their last year of life. Individual potential determinants should help anticipate advance care planning and palliative care needs assessment. Contextual potential determinants suggest geographical disparities and health inequalities.
Application of Standardized Residual Component Culture Criteria for Suspected Septic Transfusion Reactions Would Increase the Component Culturing Rate at a Single Academic Medical Center
Authors: Ruby Kristen N , Khan Jenna , Martin Isabella W , Dunbar Nancy M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe 2019 SCARED study developed the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) criteria in an effort to standardize the decision to culture residual units in the context of suspected septic transfusion reactions (STRs). The goal of this study was to apply the BEST criteria to determine the effect on the transfusion reaction decision to culture.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study assessed adult transfusion reactions identified in calendar years 2013 to 2020. Reactions following transfusion of RBCs, platelets, and plasma were included, and the decisions to culture following strict application of BEST criteria were compared with decisions to culture in actual practice.ResultsIn total, 1,068 transfusion reactions were reported and 200 (19%) suspected STRs were cultured, all with negative results; 303 (28%) reactions would have been cultured per strict application of the BEST criteria. Concordance between actual culture decision and BEST criteria recommendation was 62% for cultured components and 79% for components that were not cultured.ConclusionsBEST criteria provide objective recommendations of when to culture residual units implicated in suspected STRs, but strict application of these criteria may result in increased culture rates. Clinical correlation to aid in the decision to culture is recommended.
In the spirit of radical liberalism: a historical review of land reforms in China from the 1970s to today
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Hu Shen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Focusing on the policy-driven land reforms in the People’s Republic of China, this article discusses the relationship between government intervention and economic growth, through the lens of economic anthropology. Inspired by Karl Polanyi’s insights into market economies, this article undertakes a historical review on the attempts made by Chinese central authority to boost the economy at the expense of rural lands, the results of these attempts and their future implications. The findings indicate that, first, the ‘socialist’ characteristics of China’s market economy imply above all the State’s strong intervention to facilitate, rather than restrict, as suggested by Polanyi, the free circulation of land in the market. This contributes greatly to China’s economic ascent, but also to severe environmental and social problems. Second, compared to the West, the democratic procedure that buffers the impacts and eases the speed of urbanisation is missing in the Chinese context.
Chronic Road Salt Exposure Across Life Stages and The Interactive Effects of Warming and Salinity in a Semiaquatic Insect
Authors: Zhang Vicki M , Martin Rosemary L , Murray Rosalind L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The salinization of freshwater habitats from winter road salt application is a growing concern. Understanding how taxa exposed to road salt run-off respond to this salinity exposure across life history transitions will be important for predicting the impacts of increasing salinity. We show that Leucorrhinia intacta Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Libellulidae) dragonflies are robust to environmentally relevant levels of salt pollution across intrinsically stressful life history transitions (hatching, growth, and metamorphosis). Additionally, we observed no carry-over effects into adult dragonfly morphology. However, in a multiple-stressor setting, we see negative interactive effects of warming and salinity on activity, and we found that chronically warmed dragonfly larvae consumed fewer mosquitoes. Despite showing relatively high tolerance to salinity individually, we expect that decreased dragonfly performance in multiple-stressor environments could limit dragonflies’ contribution to ecosystem services such as mosquito pest control in urban freshwater environments.
Body Mass Index and Memory Across 18 Years in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study
Authors: Moorman Sara M , Kobielski Sara 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Body weight is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but results have been mixed as to the ages at which normal body weight is markedly preferable to overweight or obesity. This study assessed the association between change in body mass index (BMI) over 2 periods of the life course with change in memory between the ages of 65 and 72 for males and females.

Methods
Participants were 3 637 White high school graduates, born in 1939, from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The statistical analyses were fixed-effects regression models, with moderation terms to test for sex differences. One set of models examined change in BMI between ages 54 and 65, and the other set examined change in BMI between ages 65 and 72. In both cases, cognitive change occurred between ages 65 and 72.

Results
Greater increases in BMI were associated with a greater decline in immediate recall for females only, both contemporaneously and following a lag. Increases in BMI were associated with greater contemporaneous—but not lagged—declines in both delayed recall and digit ordering for both males and females.

Conclusions
The present study adds to the evidence that for White, high school educated Americans, weight gain in midlife and young-old age is a risk factor for memory decline. Results vary according to the timing of the weight gain, the aspect of memory measured, and participant sex.
Improving phosphate use efficiency in the aquatic crop watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Authors: Hibbert Lauren , Taylor Gail 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Watercress is a nutrient-dense leafy green crop, traditionally grown in aquatic outdoor systems and increasingly seen as well-suited for indoor hydroponic systems. However, there is concern that this crop has a detrimental impact on the environment through direct phosphate additions causing environmental pollution. Phosphate-based fertilisers are supplied to enhance crop yield, but their use may contribute to eutrophication of waterways downstream of traditional watercress farms. One option is to develop a more phosphate use efficient (PUE) crop. This review identifies the key traits for this aquatic crop (the ideotype), for future selection, marker development and breeding. Traits identified as important for PUE are (i) increased root surface area through prolific root branching and adventitious root formation, (ii) aerenchyma formation and root hair growth. Functional genomic traits for improved PUE are (iii) efficacious phosphate remobilisation and scavenging strategies and (iv) the use of alternative metabolic pathways. Key genomic targets for this aquatic crop are identified as: PHT phosphate transporter genes, global transcriptional regulators such as those of the SPX family and genes involved in galactolipid and sulfolipid biosynthesis such as MGD2/3, PECP1, PSR2, PLDζ1/2 and SQD2. Breeding for enhanced PUE in watercress will be accelerated by improved molecular genetic resources such as a full reference genome sequence that is currently in development.
Indirect elections as a constitutional device of epistocracy
Authors: Bhatia Udit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent political events around the world have led some to advocate replacing democratic institutions with an “epistocracy” (rule by the competent). Offering a historical perspective on this debate, this article explores the neglected constitutional device of indirect elections and its use as an epistocratic mechanism. These are elections where representatives are selected by intermediary electors, rather than directly by voters. Drawing on the United States and India as case studies, I argue that such elections were historically defended as epistocratic mechanisms, aimed at securing the selection of representatives with superior virtue or ability. The epistocratic case for indirect election, however, attracted critics in both countries. While such critics presented a compelling case against the reliance on indirect election to select superior legislators, their arguments generated a further dilemma, opening representative democracy itself—direct and indirect—to challenge.
Perceived reliability of medical device alarms—a major determinant of medical errors driven by frozen medical thinking
Authors: Frankenthal Hilel , Ben Shlomo Izhar , Kurzweil Segev Yael , Bubil Ilan , K. Alon , Orkin Dina , Kobo Greenhut Ayala 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This concept paper introduces the phenomenon of self-assigning a ‘perceived reliability’ value to medical device readings as a potential source of cognitive bias in medical decision-making. Medical errors can result from clinical decisions based on partial clinical data despite medical device readings providing data to the contrary. At times, this results from clinician distrust of medical device output. Consequentially, clinicians engage in a form of ‘frozen thinking’, a fixation on a particular thought process despite data to the contrary. Many medical devices, such as intensive care unit (ICU) monitors and alarms, lack validated statistics of device output reliability and validity. In its absence, clinicians assign a self-perceived reliability value to device output data and base clinical decisions therefrom. When the perceived reliability value is low, clinicians distrust the device and ignore device readings, especially when other clinical data are contrary.
We explore the cognitive and theoretical underpinnings of this ‘perceived reliability’ phenomenon. The mental assignment of a perceived reliability value stems from principles of ‘script theory’ of medical decision-making. In this conceptual framework, clinicians make decisions by comparing current situations to mental ‘scripts’ of prior clinical decisions and their outcomes. As such, the clinician utilizes scripts of prior experiences to create the perceived reliability value.
Self-assigned perceived reliability is subject to multiple dangers of reliability and cognitive biases. Some of these biases are presented. Among these is the danger of dismissing device readings as ‘noise’. This is particularly true of ICU alarms that can emit frequent false alarms and contribute to clinician sensory overload. The cognitive dangers of this ‘noise dismissal’ are elaborated via its similarity to the phenomenon of ‘spatial disorientation’ among aviation pilots.
We conclude with suggestions for reducing the potential bias of ‘perceived reliability’. First presented are regulatory/legislative and industry-based interventions for increasing the study of, and end-user access to, validated device output reliability statistics. Subsequently, we propose strategies for overcoming and preventing this phenomenon. We close with suggestions for future research and development of this ‘perceived reliability’ phenomenon.
Effects of rubber matting on feedlot cattle growth performance, locomotion, and carcass characteristics in slatted floor facilities
Authors: Dawson Cody R , Henley Parker A , Schroeder Adam R , Meteer William T , Hayes Courtney A , Felix Tara L , Shike Daniel W , McCann Joshua C 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe objective was to determine effects of old and new rubber matting in a slatted, indoor cattle feeding facility on cattle growth performance, locomotion, and carcass characteristics. In experiment 1, fall-born Angus × Simmental steers (N = 207; body weight = 222 ± 38 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to 32 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: no matting/concrete (CONC1), 12-yr-old Animat Pebble matting (OLD1), new Animat Maxgrip matting (MG), and new Animat Pebble matting (PEB1). Steers were fed a common diet for 209 d with a minimum stocking density of 3.40 m2 per animal. Final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were affected (P = 0.02 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively) by treatment with steers on PEB1 finishing heaviest with the greatest growth, MG and CONC1 intermediate, and OLD1 finishing at the lightest final BW with the least growth. Flooring treatment did not affect overall dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.16) or gain to feed ratio (G:F; P = 0.94). Flooring treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.19) any carcass traits. Locomotion scores (LS) were affected (P &lt; 0.01) by flooring treatment with CONC1 having the worst mobility while OLD1, MG, and PEB1 were similar (P ≥ 0.24). Locomotion score had a day effect (P &lt; 0.01) where cattle gait and mobility worsened as days on feed increased. In experiment 2, fall-born Angus × Simmental steers (N = 189; BW = 352 ± 43 kg) were blocked by weight and assigned to 21 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: no matting/concrete (CONC2), 15-yr-old Animat Pebble matting (OLD2), and new Animat Pebble matting (PEB2). Steers were fed a common diet for 152 d with a stocking density of 2.65 m2 per steer. After 152 d on feed, flooring treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.30) BW, ADG, or DMI nor did treatment affect (P ≥ 0.17) carcass traits. However, steers housed on OLD2 or PEB2 had improved locomotion scores (P = 0.02) compared with steers housed on CONC2. Locomotion score had a day effect (P &lt; 0.01) as cattle gait and mobility worsened with greater number of days on feed, regardless of treatment. Overall, results suggest that new rubber matting increased ADG and HCW during a 209-d trial when cattle were stocked at 3.4 m2 in small pens and that rubber matting regardless of age improved cattle locomotion scores in slatted indoor feeding facilities.
Novel Synthetic oviductal fluid for Conventional Freezing 1 (SCF1) culture medium improves development and cryotolerance of in vitro produced Holstein embryos
Authors: Owen Corie M , Johnson Melissa A , Rhodes-Long Katherine A , Gumber Diana J , Barceló-Fimbres Moises , Altermatt Joy L , Campos-Chillon Lino Fernando 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In vitro produced (IVP) embryos hold great promise in the cattle industry; however, suboptimal in vitro culture conditions induce metabolic dysfunction, resulting in poor development and low cryotolerance of IVP embryos. This limits the use of IVP embryos in the cattle industry for embryo transfer and commercial scale-up. Previous studies have reported the use of individual metabolic regulators in culture media to improve blastocyst development rates and cryopreservation. In this study, we hypothesized that using a combination of select regulators, chosen for their unique synergistic potential, would alleviate metabolic dysfunction and improve the development of in vitro produced embryos to make them more closely resemble in vivo derived embryos. To test this, we first compared lipid content between Holstein and Jersey embryos produced in vivo and in vitro, and then systematically determined the combination of metabolic regulators that led to the greatest improvements in embryonic development, lipid content, mitochondrial polarity, and cryotolerance. We also tested different slow freezing techniques to further improve cryotolerance and finally validated our results via a clinical trial. Overall, we found that the use of multiple metabolic regulators in one culture media, which we refer to as Synthetic oviductal fluid for Conventional Freezing 1 (SCF1), and an optimized slow freezing technique resulted in improved pregnancy rates for frozen IVP embryos compared to embryos cultured in a synthetic oviductal fluid media. Additionally, there was no difference in pregnancy rate between frozen and fresh IVP embryos cultured in SCF1. This suggests that optimizing culture conditions and slow freezing technique can produce cryotolerance IVP and should allow further dissemination of this assisted reproductive technology.
Shotgun and TMT-Labeled Proteomic Analysis of the Ovarian Proteins of an Insect Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Geiser Dawn L , Li Wenzhou , Pham Daphne Q-D , Wysocki Vicki H , Winzerling Joy J 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aedes aegypti [Linnaeus in Hasselquist; yellow fever mosquito] transmits several viruses that infect millions of people each year, including Zika, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and West Nile. Pathogen transmission occurs during blood feeding. Only the females blood feed as they require a bloodmeal for oogenesis; in the bloodmeal, holo-transferrin and hemoglobin provide the females with a high iron load. We are interested in the effects of the bloodmeal on the expression of iron-associated proteins in oogenesis. Previous data showed that following digestion of a bloodmeal, ovarian iron concentrations doubles by 72 hr. We have used shotgun proteomics to identify proteins expressed in Ae. aegypti ovaries at two oogenesis developmental stages following blood feeding, and tandem mass tag-labeling proteomics to quantify proteins expressed at one stage following feeding of a controlled iron diet. Our findings provide the first report of mosquito ovarian protein expression in early and late oogenesis. We identify proteins differentially expressed in the two oogenesis development stages. We establish that metal-associated proteins play an important role in Ae. aegypti oogenesis and we identify new candidate proteins that might be involved in mosquito iron metabolism. Finally, this work identified a unique second ferritin light chain subunit, the first reported in any species. The shotgun proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005893, while the tandem mass tag-labeled proteomic data are available with identifier PXD028242.
Foley catheter erosion through bladder wall causing intraperitoneal bladder injury: a case report
Authors: Alzughaibi Mohand , Althonayan Naif , Alrabeeah Khalid , Alkhayal Abdullah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bladder perforation due to indwelling catheters is regarded to be a very rare incident. Most cases of catheter-induced rupture were in patients with chronic catheterization due to chronic bladder diseases. An 80-year-old male with neurogenic bladder on chronic catheterization presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain and anuria. On CT, the tip of the catheter was eroding through the bladder into the peritoneum. The patient underwent a laparotomy with adhesiolysis. The tip of the Foley catheter was seen eroding through the bladder dome. A new open tip catheter was inserted per urethra to prevent the catheter tip from eroding again through the bladder wall. Bladder erosion or rupture is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Our case demonstrates the deleterious effects of chronic catheterization and the need for a high level of suspicion when dealing with such cases.
Prospective validation of a new imaging scorecard to assess leptomeningeal metastasis: A joint EORTC BTG and RANO effort
Authors: Le Rhun Emilie , Devos Patrick , Winklhofer Sebastian , Lmalem Hafida , Brandsma Dieta , Kumthekar Priya , Castellano Antonella , Compter Annette , Dhermain Frederic , Franceschi Enrico , Forsyth Peter , Furtner Julia , Galldiks Norbert , Gállego Pérez-Larraya Jaime , Gempt Jens , Hattingen Elke , Hempel Johann Martin , Lukacova Slavka , Minniti Giuseppe , O’Brien Barbara , Postma Tjeerd J , Roth Patrick , Rudà Roberta , Schaefer Niklas , Schmidt Nils O , Snijders Tom J , Thust Steffi , van den Bent Martin , van der Hoorn Anouk , Vogin Guillaume , Smits Marion , Tonn Joerg C , Jaeckle Kurt A , Preusser Matthias , Glantz Michael , Wen Patrick Y , Bendszus Martin , Weller Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Validation of the 2016 RANO MRI scorecard for leptomeningeal metastasis failed for multiple reasons. Accordingly, this joint EORTC Brain Tumor Group and RANO effort sought to prospectively validate a revised MRI scorecard for response assessment in leptomeningeal metastasis.

Methods
Coded paired cerebrospinal MRI of 20 patients with leptomeningeal metastases from solid cancers at baseline and follow-up after treatment and instructions for assessment were provided via the EORTC imaging platform. The Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the interobserver pairwise agreement.

Results
Thirty-five raters participated, including 9 neuroradiologists, 17 neurologists, 4 radiation oncologists, 3 neurosurgeons, and 2 medical oncologists. Among single leptomeningeal metastases-related imaging findings at baseline, the best median concordance was noted for hydrocephalus (Kappa = 0.63), and the worst median concordance for spinal linear enhancing disease (Kappa = 0.46). The median concordance of raters for the overall response assessment was moderate (Kappa = 0.44). Notably, the interobserver agreement for the presence of parenchymal brain metastases at baseline was fair (Kappa = 0.29) and virtually absent for their response to treatment. 394 of 700 ratings (20 patients x 35 raters, 56%) were fully completed. In 308 of 394 fully completed ratings (78%), the overall response assessment perfectly matched the summary interpretation of the single ratings as proposed in the scorecard instructions.

Conclusion
This study confirms the principle utility of the new scorecard, but also indicates the need for training of MRI assessment with a dedicated reviewer panel in clinical trials. Electronic case report forms with “blocking options” may be required to enforce completeness and quality of scoring.