bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renormalization group improved implications of semileptonic operators in SMEFT
Authors: Kumar Jacky 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study implications of the four-fermion semileptonic operators at the low-energy and at electroweak (EW) scale in the framework of Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We show how the renormalization group (RG) running effects can play an important role in probing the generic flavour structure of such operators. It is shown that at the 1-loop level, through RG running, depending upon the flavour structure, these operators can give rise to sizable effects at low energy in the electroweak precision (EWP) observables, the leptonic, quark, as well as the Z boson flavour violating decays. To this end, we isolate the phenomenologically relevant terms in the full anomalous dimension matrices (ADMs) and discuss the impact of the QED+QCD running in the Weak effective field theory (WET) and the SMEFT running due to gauge and Yukawa interactions on the dim-4 and dim-6 operators at the low energy. Considering all the relevant processes, we derive lower bounds on new physics (NP) scale Λ for each semileptonic operator, keeping a generic flavour structure. In addition, we also report the allowed ranges for the Wilson coefficients at a fixed value of Λ = 3 TeV.
Q-monopole-ball: a topological and nontopological soliton
Authors: Bai Yang , Lu Sida , Orlofsky Nicholas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Magnetic monopoles and Q-balls are examples of topological and nontopological solitons, respectively. A new soliton state with both topological and nontopological charges is shown to also exist, given a monopole sector with a portal coupling to an additional scalar field S with a global U(1) symmetry. This new state, the Q-monopole-ball, is more stable than an isolated Q-ball made of only S particles, and it could be stable against fissioning into monopoles and free S particles. Stable Q-monopole-balls can contain large magnetic charges, providing a novel nongravitational mechanism for binding like-charged monopoles together. They could be produced from a phase transition in the early universe and account for all dark matter.
Stress urinary incontinence is caused predominantly by urethral support failure
Authors: Bergström Bo S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhales are mammals that can dive to depths of > 1000 m without the high water pressure pushing open their mouth or anus. The same is true for the female urethra. The meatus externus and internus are seals that cannot be pushed open by high water pressures. Recent evidence suggests that the female meatus internus is pushed open when the bladder pressure exceeds the urethral pressure. For a relaxed detrusor, this opening is not possible for at least three reasons: the law of elastic collision, Pascal’s law of hydrostatics and the Hagen-Poiseuille law. The three laws do not support that urethral function failure is the predominant cause of stress urinary incontinence (SUI); however, they do support that urethral support failure is. Influential urogynecologists claim the opposite. TVT surgery, according to the integral theory of SUI (IT), has high failure rates because it does not principally prevent the urethra from hanging on a less mobile bladder neck. In the case of a long urethra, the tape is set too distally, and in hypomobile SUI, the use of a tension-free suburethral tape is unwarranted/ineffective, because the proximal urethra is not elevated above its resting position. A successful operation corrects urethral support failure and not urethral function failure.
Color recycling: metabolization of apocarotenoid degradation products suggests carbon regeneration via primary metabolic pathways
Authors: Koschmieder Julian , Alseekh Saleh , Shabani Marzieh , Baltenweck Raymonde , Maurino Veronica G. , Palme Klaus , Fernie Alisdair R. , Hugueney Philippe , Welsch Ralf 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Key message
Analysis of carotenoid-accumulating roots revealed that oxidative carotenoid degradation yields glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Our data suggest that these compounds are detoxified via the glyoxalase system and re-enter primary metabolic pathways.

Abstract
Carotenoid levels in plant tissues depend on the relative rates of synthesis and degradation. We recently identified redox enzymes previously known to be involved in the detoxification of fatty acid-derived reactive carbonyl species which were able to convert apocarotenoids into corresponding alcohols and carboxylic acids. However, their subsequent metabolization pathways remain unresolved. Interestingly, we found that carotenoid-accumulating roots have increased levels of glutathione, suggesting apocarotenoid glutathionylation to occur. In vitro and in planta investigations did not, however, support the occurrence of non-enzymatic or enzymatic glutathionylation of β-apocarotenoids. An alternative breakdown pathway is the continued oxidative degradation of primary apocarotenoids or their derivatives into the shortest possible oxidation products, namely glyoxal and methylglyoxal, which also accumulated in carotenoid-accumulating roots. In fact, combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggest that the high levels of glutathione are most probably required for detoxifying apocarotenoid-derived glyoxal and methylglyoxal via the glyoxalase pathway, yielding glycolate and d-lactate, respectively. Further transcriptome analysis suggested subsequent reactions involving activities associated with photorespiration and the peroxisome-specific glycolate/glyoxylate transporter. Finally, detoxified primary apocarotenoid degradation products might be converted into pyruvate which is possibly re-used for the synthesis of carotenoid biosynthesis precursors. Our findings allow to envision carbon recycling during carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation and re-synthesis which consumes energy, but partially maintains initially fixed carbon via re-introducing reactive carotenoid degradation products into primary metabolic pathways.
Photon counting of extreme ultraviolet high harmonics using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Authors: Fuchs Silvio , Abel Johann J. , Nathanael Jan , Reinhard Julius , Wiesner Felix , Wünsche Martin , Skruszewicz Slawomir , Rödel Christian , Born Detlef , Schmidt Heidemarie , Paulus Gerhard G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaser-driven light sources in the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV) enable nanoscopic imaging with unique label-free elemental contrast. However, to fully exploit the unique properties of these new sources, novel detection schemes need to be developed. Here, we show in a proof-of-concept experiment that superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) can be utilized to enable photon counting of a laser-driven EUV source based on high harmonic generation (HHG). These detectors are dark-count free and accommodate very high count rates—a perfect match for high repetition rate HHG sources. In addition to the advantages of SNSPDs for classical imaging applications with laser-driven EUV sources, the ability to count single photons paves the way for very promising applications in quantum optics and quantum imaging with high energetic radiation like, e.g., quantum ghost imaging with nanoscale resolution.
Radial peripapillary vessel density as early biomarker in preperimetric glaucoma and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Montorio Daniela , Criscuolo Chiara , Breve Maria Angelica , Lanzillo Roberta , Salvatore Elena , Morra Vincenzo Brescia , Cennamo Gilda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the vessel density (VD) of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus in patients affected by preperimetric glaucoma (PPG), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and in a healthy control group using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in order to clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of these neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods
In this prospective study, we studied 54 eyes of 54 patients with PPG, 54 eyes of 54 patients with aMCI and 54 healthy controls. All subjects underwent structural spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD)-OCT to assess the ganglion cell complex (GCC) and the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). OCTA was used to evaluate the VD of the RPC in different regions (whole image, inside disc and peripapillary).

Results
The PPG and aMCI groups showed a statistically significant reduction in SD-OCT and parameters with respect to controls (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found in GCC and RNFL parameters between the two study groups (p > 0.05). At OCTA examination, PPG and aMCI patients exhibited a statistically significant reduction in the VD of the RPC in whole image, inside and peripapillary regions compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). When comparing the two study groups, the OCTA parameters were significantly impaired in PPG with respect to aMCI patients. Significant correlations were found between structural OCT and OCTA parameters in PPG and aMCI groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
RPC vessel density could represent a helpful and sensible biomarker to identify early retinal microvascular changes in PPG and MCI in order to better understand the vascular pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these neurodegenerative diseases.
Mixed statistical and data mining analysis of river flow and catchment properties at regional scale
Authors: Giełczewski Marek , Piniewski Mikołaj , Domański Paweł D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an application of the L-moments and L-moment ratio diagrams (LMRD) to the analysis of hydrological data at regional (country) scale. Existing research focuses on two main areas of the analysis: statistical analysis using LMRD and regression analysis. Further research mixes both approaches applying regression analysis to L-moments. Another direction of the research is clustering of the climatic and physiographic catchment properties and its validation using LMRD. However, LMRD plots can be separately used as the clustering domain. It is proposed to decompose the features into some classes, and than present these results on the LMRD. Such plots constitute the source for the clustering. Obtained clusters are then validated against k-means clustering performed in the LMRD diagram domain. Results show that statistical L-moments analysis can be improved with data mining clustering algorithms. Such combination delivers a new perspective for the interpretation of the results. It is shown that clustering in the LMRD domain is consistent with the K-means clustering. It is anther argument showing that L-moments diagrams can be considered as a very powerful and informative tool for hydrologists enabling the comparison on the regional basis with respect to various catchment properties. The method is validated on data consisting of daily river flow data from 290 gauges covering entire Poland.
3D-based buccal augmentation for ideal prosthetic implant alignment—an optimized method and report on 7 cases with pronounced buccal concavities
Authors: Nickenig Hans-Joachim , Riekert Maximilian , Zirk Matthias , Lentzen Max-Philipp , Zöller Joachim E. , Kreppel Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesScrew-retained restoration of implants is advantageous for biological and esthetic reasons. Due to buccal concavities, however, this preferred type of restoration can only be used in about half of the anterior indications. Based on case series, an optimized method for the treatment of such indications is to be described; the clinical reliability is to be ascertained by means of measurements (before and after augmentation) and assigned to the current literature.Material and methodsA case series of seven cases with buccal concavities of the anterior alveolar ridge were treated with optimized method, which is presented step-by-step until the prosthetic restoration. The depths of the bone concavities were measured and related to the bone gain after augmentation procedure respectively after implantation.ResultsLinear measurements of the buccal concavities showed an average undercut of 4 mm [SD ± 1.13]. After healing period of six months, the buccal concavities could be compensated bony to such an extent that implants could be inserted in correct position and angulation. On average, there was a horizontal bone gain of 3.7 mm [SD ± 0.59]. Even after implantation and another six months of healing, stable bone dimensions could be assumed with an average of 4.3 [SD ± 0.83] mm of bone gain compared to baseline. In six of the seven cases, the favorite screw-retained, one-piece full-ceramic restoration could be fixed on the implants. Due to the implant axis, one case had to be treated with a cemented two-part full-ceramic system.ConclusionsWith the described optimized method the most favorable screw-retained restoration can also be used in situations with unfavorable concavities of buccal bone. Especially for this indication, a special form of the horizontal deficit, the customized bone regeneration with titanium meshes is highly reliable in terms of healing and extent of augmentation. However, long-term results and a study/control group are required to evaluate the effectiveness of the presented protocol.Clinical relevance.Since these situations require an augmentation that is up to 5 mm thick and a procedure that is as minimally invasive as possible appears to be necessary in the visible area, an optimized method is described in this publication.
Postoperative pain and pain-related health-care contacts after open inguinal hernia repair with Adhesix™ and Progrip™: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thölix A.-M. , Kössi J. , Harju J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeSelf-fixed mesh is an alternative to suture mesh fixation in inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative pain after open inguinal hernia surgery using self-fixed meshes.MethodsA randomized clinical trial comparing self-adhesive mesh (Adhesix™) and self-gripping mesh (Progrip™) was conducted from November 2018 through March 2021. Patients included were male, 18–85 years old, and suitable for day case surgery. The primary endpoint was the number of patients needing follow-up visits due to postoperative pain during the first 3 postoperative months. Secondary endpoints included the intensity of pain, the time of return to work and normal daily activities, quality of life measures and postoperative complications.Results270 patients were enrolled, 132 received Adhesix™ mesh (A group) and 138 Progrip™ mesh (P group), 231 (85.6%) completed 1- or 3-month follow-up. The number of patients needing follow-up for postoperative pain was significantly higher in the P group (19 vs. 4,p= 0.001). The P group had higher numeric rating scale of pain while coughing (P 0.50 vs. A 0.20,p= 0.024) and during exercise (P 1.02 vs. A 0.60,p= 0.057) at 3 months postoperatively. The time of return to normal activity was 16.6 days in the A group and 22.9 days in the P group, (p= 0.004). The postoperative day being fit for work was sooner for the A group (14.3 days vs 17.8 days,p= 0.009).ConclusionThis study demonstrated an advantage of self-adhesive mesh over self-gripping mesh with respect to acute postoperative pain and thus faster recovery after surgery.
A Review of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Applications, Architectural Design and Control Algorithms
Authors: Idrissi Moad , Salami Mohammad , Annaz Fawaz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOver the past decade, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have received a significant attention due to their diverse capabilities for non-combatant and military applications. The primary aim of this study is to unveil a clear categorization overview for more than a decade worth of substantial progress in UAVs. The paper will begin with a general overview of the advancements, followed by an up-to-date explanation of the different mechanical structures and technical elements that have been included. The paper will then explore and examine various vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) configurations, followed by expressing the dynamics, applicable simulation tools and control strategies for a Quadrotor. In conclusion to this review, the dynamic system presented will always face limitations such as internal and/or external disturbances. Hence, this can be minimised by the choice of introducing appropriate control techniques or mechanical enhancements.
Ecotoxicity and bioremediation potential assessment of soil from oil refinery station area
Authors: Zawierucha Iwona , Malina Grzegorz , Herman Barbara , Rychter Piotr , Biczak Robert , Pawlowska Barbara , Bandurska Katarzyna , Barczynska Renata 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity and biodegradation potential of oil hydrocarbons contaminated soil samples obtained from different depths at an oil refinery station area. An approach involving chemical, microbiological, respirometry and ecotoxicity assessment of soil polluted by oil hydrocarbons was adopted, in order to determine the biodegradability of pollutants and ecotoxicological effects of natural attenuation strategy.

Methods
The ecotoxicity of soil samples was evaluated using an ostracod test kit and a seed germination test. The results of the phytotoxicity assay were expressed as a percentage of seedling emergence and as the relative yield of fresh and dry biomass compared to control plants. The intrinsic biodegradation potential of the contaminated soil was examined using a Micro-Oxymax respirometer. Intrinsic biodegradation rates were estimated from the slopes of linear regressions curves plotted for cumulative O2 uptake. The obtained values were then entered in the mass balance equation for the stoichiometric reaction of hydrocarbon decomposition and converted per kg of soil per day.

Results
Although the tested contaminants were biodegradable in the respirometric assay, they were slightly to moderately toxic to plants and extremely toxic to ostracods. The noxious effects raised with the increased concentration of contaminants. The monocotyledonous oat was more tolerant to higher concentrations of oil hydrocarbons than the other test plants, indicating its greater suitability for soil reclamation purposes.

Conclusion
By assessing phytotoxicity and effect on ostracod mortality and progress of soil self-decontamination process, proper approach of reclamation of demoted area can be provided.
Secrecy performance of transmit antenna selection for underlay MIMO cognitive radio relay networks with energy harvesting
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Li Peng , Li Bin , Zou Yulong , Wang Ruchuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the secrecy performance in a MIMO cognitive radio (CR) relay network with energy harvesting (EH) and transmit antenna selection/maximal ratio combining (TAS/MRC) is invstigated, where the DF relaying protocol and multiple colluding passive eavesdroppers are considered. To improve the security of wireless transmission, two antenna selection schemes are proposed, namely, the optimal transmit antenna selection (OTAS) scheme and suboptimal transmit antenna selection (STAS) scheme. For the purpose of comparison, the space‐time transmission (STT) scheme is introduced as a baseline. The exact and asymptotic closed‐form secrecy outage probability (SOP) expressions for OTAS, STAS and STT schemes are derived over Rayleigh fading channels. An extension of the TAS framework to an artificial noise (AN) aided MIMO network is further presented and an AN aided transmit antenna selection (AN‐TAS) scheme is proposed, in which the unselected antennas at R are used to emit AN for interfering with Es. Numerical results show that the OTAS and STAS schemes perform better than STT scheme in terms of SOP. Meanwhile, the SOP of AN‐TAS scheme is much smaller than that of OTAS, STAS and STT schemes in the high SNR region, indicating the benefit of applying AN in MIMO network.
A novel method for online voltage stability assessment based on PMU measurements and Thevenin equivalent
Authors: Pourbagher Rohallah , Derakhshandeh Sayed Yaser , Golshan Mohammad Esmail Hamedani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFrom the power systems security point of view, determining the voltage stability margin is essential for the operation of systems. An inaccurate determination of the maximum loading factor or voltage collapse point in a power system may cause voltage instability and blackout of the system. So, applying a proper method with high accuracy and high speed is vital in analysing voltage stability in power systems. This article presents a novel method based on Thevenin equivalent of power systems to accurately determine load‐ability margin using phasor measurement units (PMUs) data. The proposed method is based on the fact that at the voltage collapse point, the characteristic curves of ‘the reactive power at the receiving end’ and ‘the reactive power of the load’ in the weakest bus are tangential to each other. Furthermore, online application of the proposed method requires accurate estimation of the ‘ZIP load model’ and ‘Thevenin equivalent’ of the system. The proposed method is designed to determine the load‐ability margin, ZIP load model and Thevenin equivalent of the power system, simultaneously. This characteristic of the method makes it possible to be applied for online voltage stability assessments. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation results for IEEE 14‐bus, 39‐bus New England and IEEE 300‐bus are presented and analysed.