bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Pathways of Ventilation Induced Brain Injury on Cerebral White Matter Inflammation and Injury After 24 h in Preterm Lambs
Authors: Chan Kyra YY , Tran Nhi T. , Papagianis Paris C. , Zahra Valerie A. , Nitsos Ilias , Moxham Alison M. , LaRosa Domenic A. , McDonald Courtney , Miller Suzanne L. , Galinsky Robert , Alahmari Dhafer M. , Stojanovska Vanesa , Polglase Graeme R. 
Published: July 2022

Initiation of respiratory support in the delivery room increases the risk and severity of brain injury in preterm neonates through two major pathways: an inflammatory pathway and a haemodynamic pathway. The relative contribution of each pathway on preterm brain injury is not known. We aimed to assess the role of the inflammatory and haemodynamic pathway on ventilation-induced brain injury (VIBI) in the preterm lamb. Fetal lambs (125 ± 1 day gestation) were exteriorised, instrumented and ventilated with a high tidal-volume (VT) injurious strategy for 15 min either with placental circulation intact to induce the inflammatory pathway only (INJINF; n = 7) or umbilical cord occluded to induce both the inflammatory and haemodynamic pathways (INJINF+HAE; n = 7). Sham controls were exteriorised but not ventilated (SHAM; n = 5) while unoperated controls (UNOP; n = 7) did not undergo fetal instrumentation. Fetuses were returned in utero following intervention and the ewe allowed to recover. Arterial blood gases and plasma were sampled periodically. Twenty-four hours following intervention, lambs were delivered and maintained on non-injurious ventilation for ∼40 min then brains were collected post-mortem for immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR to assess inflammation, vascular pathology and cell death within white matter regions. Compared to INJINF lambs, INJINF+HAE lambs achieved a consistently higher VT during injurious ventilation and carotid blood flow was significantly lower than baseline by the end of ventilation. Throughout the 24 h recovery period, systemic arterial IL-6 levels of INJINF+HAE lambs were significantly higher than SHAM while there was no difference between INJINF and SHAM animals. At 24 h, mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins, markers of cell death, and histological injury indices of gliosis, blood vessel protein extravasation, oligodendrocyte injury and cell death were not different between groups. Injurious ventilation, irrespective of strategy, did not increase brain inflammation or injury 24 h later when compared to control animals. However, the haemodynamic pathway did influence carotid blood flow adaptations during injurious ventilation and increased systemic arterial IL-6 that may underlie long-term pathology. Future studies are required to further characterise the pathways and their long-term effects on VIBI.
Red Blood Cell Morphologic Abnormalities in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19
Authors: Marchi Giacomo , Bozzini Claudia , Bertolone Lorenzo , Dima Francesco , Busti Fabiana , Castagna Annalisa , Stranieri Chiara , Fratta Pasini Anna Maria , Friso Simonetta , Lippi Giuseppe , Girelli Domenico , Vianello Alice 
Published: July 2022

Peripheral blood smear is a simple laboratory tool, which remains of invaluable help for diagnosing primary and secondary abnormalities of blood cells despite advances in automated and molecular techniques. Red blood cells (RBCs) abnormalities are known to occur in many viral infections, typically in the form of mild normo-microcytic anemia. While several hematological alterations at automated complete blood count (including neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and increased red cell distribution width—RDW) have been consistently associated with severity of COVID-19, there is scarce information on RBCs morphological abnormalities, mainly as case-reports or small series of patients, which are hardly comparable due to heterogeneity in sampling times and definition of illness severity. We report here a systematic evaluation of RBCs morphology at peripheral blood smear in COVID-19 patients within the first 72 h from hospital admission. One hundred and fifteen patients were included, with detailed collection of other clinical variables and follow-up. A certain degree of abnormalities in RBCs morphology was observed in 75 (65%) patients. Heterogenous alterations were noted, with spiculated cells being the more frequent morphology. The group with &gt;10% RBCs abnormalities had more consistent lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia compared to those without abnormalities or &lt;10% RBCs abnormalities (p &lt; 0.018, and p &lt; 0.021, respectively), thus underpinning a possible association with an overall more sustained immune-inflammatory “stress” hematopoiesis. Follow-up analysis showed a different mortality rate across groups, with the highest rate in those with more frequent RBCs morphological alterations compared to those with &lt;10% or no abnormalities (41.9%, vs. 20.5%, vs. 12.5%, respectively, p = 0.012). Despite the inherent limitations of such simple association, our results point out towards further studies on erythropoiesis alterations in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Educational Intervention for Management of Acute Trauma Pain: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Post-surgical Trauma Patients
Authors: Colloca Luana , Taj Ariana , Massalee Rachel , Haycock Nathaniel R. , Murray Robert Scott , Wang Yang , McDaniel Eric , Scalea Thomas M. , Fouche-Weber Yvette , Murthi Sarah 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveDespite years of research and the development of countless awareness campaigns, the number of deaths related to prescription opioid overdose is steadily rising. Often, naive patients undergoing trauma-related surgery are dispensed opioids while in the hospital, resulting in an escalation to long-term opioid misuses. We explored the impact of an educational intervention to modify perceptions of opioid needs at the bedside of trauma inpatients in post-surgery pain management.Materials and MethodsTwenty-eight inpatients with acute post-surgical pain completed this proof-of-concept study adopting an educational intervention related to opioids and non-pharmacological strategies in the context of acute post-surgical pain. An education assessment survey was developed to measure pre- and post-education perceptions of opioid needs to manage pain. The survey statements encompassed the patient’s perceived needs for opioids and other pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutics to manage acute pain. The primary outcome was the change in the patient’s perceived need for opioids. The secondary (explorative) outcome was the change in Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) used on the day of the educational intervention while inpatients and prescribed at the time of the hospital discharge.ResultsAfter the educational intervention, patients reported less agreement with the statement, “I think a short course of opioids (less than 5 days) is safe.” Moreover, less agreement on using opioids to manage trauma-related pain was positively associated with a significant reduction in opioids prescribed at discharge after the educational intervention. The educational intervention might have effectively helped to cope with acute trauma-related pain while adjusting potential unrealistic expectancies about pain management and, more in general, opioid-related needs.ConclusionThese findings suggest that trauma patients’ expectations and understanding of the risks associated with the long-term use of opioids can be modified by a short educational intervention delivered by health providers during the hospitalization. Establishing realistic expectations in managing acute traumatic pain may empower patients with the necessary knowledge to minimize the potential of continuous long-term opioid use, opioid misuse, and the development of post-trauma opioid abuse and/or addiction.
Spike Mutation Profiles Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections in Delta Emerging and Predominant Time Periods in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Fibke Chad D. , Joffres Yayuk , Tyson John R. , Colijn Caroline , Janjua Naveed Z. , Fjell Chris , Prystajecky Natalie , Jassem Agatha , Sbihi Hind 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccination is a key public health measure in the pandemic response. The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants introduce new groups of spike protein mutations. These new mutations are thought to aid in the evasion of vaccine-induced immunity and render vaccines less effective. However, not all spike mutations contribute equally to vaccine escape. Previous studies associate mutations with vaccine breakthrough infections (BTI), but information at the population level remains scarce. We aimed to identify spike mutations associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BTI in a community setting during the emergence and predominance of the Delta-variant.MethodsThis case-control study used both genomic, and epidemiological data from a provincial COVID-19 surveillance program. Analyses were stratified into two periods approximating the emergence and predominance of the Delta-variant, and restricted to primary SARS-CoV-2 infections from either unvaccinated individuals, or those infected ≥14 days after their second vaccination dose in a community setting. Each sample's spike mutations were concatenated into a unique spike mutation profile (SMP). Penalized logistic regression was used to identify spike mutations and SMPs associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BTI in both time periods.Results and DiscussionThis study reports population level relative risk estimates, between 2 and 4-folds, of spike mutation profiles associated with BTI during the emergence and predominance of the Delta-variant, which comprised 19,624 and 17,331 observations, respectively. The identified mutations cover multiple spike domains including the N-terminal domain (NTD), receptor binding domain (RBD), S1/S2 cleavage region, fusion peptide and heptad regions. Mutations in these different regions imply various mechanisms contribute to vaccine escape. Our profiling method identifies naturally occurring spike mutations associated with BTI, and can be applied to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel groups of spike mutations.
Radiation of meningioma dural tail may not improve tumor control rates
Authors: Piper Keenan , Yu Siyuan , Taghvaei Mohammad , Fernandez Christian , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Smit Rupert D. , Yudkoff Clifford , Collopy Sarah , Reyes Maikerly , Lavergne Pascal , Karsy Michael , Prashant Giyarpuram N. , Shi Wenyin , Evans James 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionDural tails are thickened contrast-enhancing portions of dura associated with some meningiomas. Prior studies have demonstrated the presence of tumor cells within the dural tail, however their inclusion in radiation treatment fields remains controversial. We evaluated the role of including the dural tail when treating a meningioma with stereotactic radiation and the impact on tumor recurrence.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single-institution, cohort study of patients with intracranial World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 meningioma and identified dural tail who were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) from January 2012 to December 2018. SRS and FSRT subgroups were categorized based on coverage or non-coverage of the dural tail by the radiation fields, as determined independently by a radiation oncologist and a neurosurgeon. Demographics, tumor characteristics, radiation plans, and outcomes were evaluated. High grade tumors were analyzed separately.ResultsA total of 187 WHO grade 1 tumors from 177 patients were included in the study (median age: 62 years, median follow-up: 40 months, 78.1% female) with 104 receiving SRS and 83 receiving FSRT. The dural tail was covered in 141 (75.4%) of treatment plans. There was no difference in recurrence rates (RR) or time to recurrence (TTR) between non-coverage or coverage of dural tails (RR: 2.2% vs 3.5%, P = 1.0; TTR: 34 vs 36 months, P = 1.00). There was no difference in the rate of radiation side effects between dural tail coverage or non-coverage groups. These associations remained stable when SRS and FSRT subgroups were considered separately, as well as in a high grade cohort of 16 tumors.ConclusionInclusion of the dural tail in the SRS or FSRT volumes for meningioma treatment does not seem to reduce recurrence rate. Improved understanding of dural tail pathophysiology, tumor grade, tumor spread, and radiation response is needed to better predict the response of meningiomas to radiotherapy.
Prevalence of Access to Prenatal Care in the First Trimester of Pregnancy Among Black Women Compared to Other Races/Ethnicities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Silva Pedro Henrique Alcântara da , Aiquoc Kezauyn Miranda , Silva Nunes Aryelly Dayane da , Medeiros Wilton Rodrigues , Souza Talita Araujo de , Jerez-Roig Javier , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro 
Published: July 2022

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of access to prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy among black women compared to other races/ethnicities through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Searches were carried out at PUBMED, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and in the grey literature. The quality of the studies and the risk of bias were analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies instrument. The extracted data were tabulatesd and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively through meta-analysis.Results: Black women had the lowest prevalence of access to prenatal services in the first trimester, with prevalence ranging from 8.1% to 74.81%, while among white women it varied from 44.9 to 94.0%; 60.7% of black women started prenatal care in the first trimester, while 72.9% of white women did so.Conclusion: Black women compared to other racial groups had lower prevalence of access to prenatal care, with less chance of access in the first trimester, and it can be inferred that the issue of race/skin color is an important determinant in obtaining obstetric care.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020159968_, PROSPERO CRD42020159968.
Research on Routing Equalization Algorithm of Inter-Satellite Partition for Low-Orbit Micro-Satellites
Authors: Cheng Hengfei , Xu Zhaobin , Guo Xiaoxu , Yang Jia , Xu Kedi , Liu Shuqin , Jin Zhonghe , Jin Xiaojun 
Published: July 2022

Low-orbit micro-satellite technology has developed rapidly in recent years due to its advantages of low time delay, low cost and short research period. However, among the existing inter-satellite routing algorithms, the classical flooding and greedy algorithms and their derivatives also have some limitations. The path delay calculated by the flooding algorithm is small but the calculation is large, while the greedy algorithm is the opposite. In this paper, a balanced inter-satellite routing algorithm based on partition routing is proposed. This paper presents the simulation experiments for the following indexes of the classic inter-satellite routing algorithms and the balanced partition routing algorithm: computation complexity, single-node computation pressure, routing path delay, path delay variance (data in Topo table satisfy μ =5, σ2=10). The results reveal that the balanced partition routing algorithm achieves better performance. In this paper, two optimization directions of the balanced partition routing algorithm are simulated under conditions that the data in the Topo table satisfy μ =5, σ2= 6, σ2=10 and σ2=15, respectively, when comparing their performance indicators. The experiments show that these two optimization methods can be adapted to various application scenarios and can further reduce the hardware cost of satellite nodes.
Understanding social care need through primary care big data: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Simpson Glenn , Mutindi Kaluvu Lucy , Stokes Jonathan , Roderick Paul , Chapman Adriane , Akyea Ralph Kwame , Zaccardi Francesco , Santer Miriam , Farmer Andrew , Dambha-Miller Hajira 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundA more comprehensive understanding and measurement of adult social care need could contribute to efforts to develop more effective, holistic personalised care, particularly for those with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC). Progress in this area faces the challenge of a lack of clarity in the literature relating to how social care need is assessed and coded within variables included in primary care databases.AimTo explore how social care need is assessed and coded within variables included in primary care databases.Design & settingAn exploratory rapid scoping review of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature.MethodArticles were screened and extracted onto a charting sheet and findings were summarised descriptively. Articles were included if published in English and related to primary and social care using data from national primary care databases.ResultsThe search yielded 4010 articles. Twenty-seven were included. Six articles used the term ‘social care need’, although related terminology was identified including ‘need factors’, ‘social support’, and ‘social care support’. Articles mainly focused on specific components of social care need, including levels of social care usage or service utilisation and costs incurred to social care, primary care, and other providers in addressing needs. A limited range of database variables were found measuring social care need.ConclusionFurther research is needed on how social care need has been defined in a UK context and captured in primary care big databases. There is potential scope to broaden the definition of social care need, which captures social service needs and wider social needs.
Perbandingan Analisis Regresi Linear dengan Analisis Regresi Copula pada Data Keuangan
Authors: Khairiati Alfi , Budiarti Retno , Purnaba I Gusti Putu 
Published: July 2022

Regression analysis is a statistical analysis to predict or explain the relationship between the response variable and one or more explanatory variables. The simplest and most commonly used regression analysis is linear regression. Copula regression is often used as an alternative method to overcome the problem of violating the assumptions of the linear regression model. The advantage of using copula regression is that the response variable does not have to follow a certain distribution and copula regression can explain nonlinear relationships. In this study, the copula used is the Gaussian copula and the student’s t copula. The main objective of this study is to compare the results of linear regression analysis with copula regression on financial data. In the linear regression method, the objective is to determine the estimated value of the response variable and to analyze the effect of macroeconomic factors on BMRI’s stock price. Meanwhile, copula regression was used to estimate the copula parameters using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method and to determine the estimated value of the response variable using the Monte Carlo method. The measure of the accuracy of the model used is MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error). This study uses financial data consisting of BMRI stock price data as response variables, as well as IHSG and the rupiah exchange rate as explanatory variables. The results showed that the MAPE values for linear regression and copula regression were small and not significantly different, meaning that both regressions were quite good in modeling financial data.
Influence of small ground surface on plasma property in an inductively-coupled plasma with floating liner
Authors: Kyuzo Manabu , Chiba Yukinori , Suzuki Haruka , Toyoda Hirotaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Currently, the components of semiconductor processing chamber are coated with oxides to avoid metal contamination. As a result, electrical ground is hidden from the plasma. In this study, we experimentally investigate the effect of small ground surfaces in an inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) generated in an electrically floating liner. Peak-to-peak and DC voltages at a biasing stage and a floating liner are measured as a function of stage peak-to-peak voltage for various ICP powers and the ground surface areas. The results show that the stage and liner voltages vary with changing ground surface area due to a change in sheath thickness. The analytical plasma potentials, calculated from the experimental values are compared with the simulation results, show good agreement. It is suggested that under low biased voltage and high ICP power conditions, such as in the atomic layer etching process, the small ground surface affects the potential structure in the chamber.
One-axis-oriented growth of PZT thin films on transparent glass substrates using metal oxide nanosheets
Authors: Yamasaki Yusuke , Yokota Yukie , Shima Hiromi , Uchida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aiming at applications of ferroelectric and optical devices, we investigated the fabrication of one-axis-oriented lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films on glass substrates with a processing temperature below the glass-transition point of the substrate. Chemical solution deposition (CSD)-derived PZT thin films with a preferential crystal orientation of (00l)/(h00)PZT were grown on an ITO/glass substrate with a crystalline buffer layer of calcium niobate Ca2Nb3O10 (ns-CN). This ns-CN buffer layer lowered the crystallization temperature of the CSD-derived thin films, resulting in crystalline PZT thin films with one-axis (00l) orientation and ferroelectricity of P
r = 4 μC cm−2 deposited on transparent glass substrates at a crystallization temperature of 500 °C.
Indonesian Generation Z Work Expectation and Intention to Apply for Job: Role of Social Media
Authors: Rani Inta Hartaningtyas , Jara Hardiyanti Jalih  , Lestari Adhi Widyowati  
Published: July 2022

In the post-pandemic and disruption period, a company's talented human capital must be able to give competitiveness and agility. Considering the talent's expectations, businesses should provide an appealing employment environment. Using the SEM technique, the study analyses data on the intention to apply among 350 Indonesian nearly-graduated college students and implicitly validated the Gen Z work expectation scale empirically. The findings show that Generation Z's work expectations substantially impact their willingness to apply for jobs. When choosing a career, the top three considerations for respondents are health insurance, a coaching manager, and work security. Messages in job adverts should most likely appear on the company's social media account, emphasizing more psychological aspects that appeal to Generation Z's expectations, notably work benefits. Rather than having a moderating influence, social media direct connection strongly predicts job application intent.