bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professional Master's Athletic Training Students' Career Influences Part I: Perceptions of Athletic Training
Authors: Nokes Ryan D. , Pitney William A. , Bowman Thomas G. , Nottingham Sara 
Published: February 2022

ContextAs athletic training education transitions to a professional master's degree, understanding the perceptions professional master's athletic training students have of athletic training is important.ObjectiveTo examine second-year professional master's students' perceptions of the athletic training profession, a career in the profession, and identify the factors that influence their perceptions.DesignConvergent mixed methods.SettingOnline surveys and individual phone interviews.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 80 second-year professional master's students (63 female, 13 male, 4 no response, age = 24.63 ± 2.29 years), who were enrolled in the final semester of their program in the spring of 2019, completed the online survey. Ten survey respondents completed the follow-up phone interviews.Data Collection and AnalysisA survey instrument and a semistructured interview guide were developed to answer the research questions. Both were validated externally by 3 independent researchers using a content-validity indexing tool. The data from the survey and interviews were woven together and merged to provide 1 comprehensive results section. Trustworthiness was established using triangulation, member checks, memos, and peer debriefing.ResultsThree higher-order themes emerged from the data: (1) perceptions of the athletic training profession: lack of appreciation and awareness for the profession from others, rewarding profession, and dynamic profession; (2) perceptions of a career in athletic training: low pay, long hours and inconsistent schedules, and inability to have work-life balance; (3) factors influencing perceptions: clinical experiences and interactions with athletic trainers.ConclusionsSecond-year professional master's athletic training students developed positive and negative perceptions about the profession and a career in the profession during their professional education experiences. The factors identified were professional socializing agents and should be considered when designing clinical education experiences.
Patterns of adverse drug reaction reporting in Ethiopia
Authors: Anebo Zelalem Gebretsadik , Abacioglu Nurrettin 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To examine the frequency and profile of spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) sent to Ethiopia’s pharmacovigilance (PV) database system.

Methods:
The descriptive and retrospective study analysed spontaneous ADR complaints reported to the PV database by healthcare professionals between 2013 and 2018. Spontaneous ADR reports that reached the PV center and met the minimum reporting criteria were identified and assessed in terms of reporting rate, patient characteristics, type of ADRs, suspected drugs, report sources, and reporters’ profession.

Results:
A total of 657 spontaneous ADR reports were filed to the PV center between 2013 and 2018. During the study period, the reporting pattern of ADRs changed dramatically. The number of reports increased from 2013 (n=12) and peaked in 2015 (n=205), and then declined from 2016 to 2018 (n=144, 142 and 65 in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively). Females had a higher percentage of reported cases (56.3%) than males (43.7%). The highest number of ADRs was reported in the age categories of 15-64 years (475, 72.3%), followed by 0-14 years (154, 23.4%), and 65 years and above (21, 3.2%). Pharmacists reported the majority of ADRs (81.7%), followed by health officers (7.2%), nurses (5.8%), and physicians (5.2%). Skin and subcutaneous tissue abnormalities were the most commonly reported ADRs. The anatomical therapeutic chemicals code class “anti-infective for systemic use” was the most usually suspected medication. Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole as a combination ADRs was the most commonly reported drug that cause ADRs (14.2%).

Conclusions:
The number of ADRs reported in Ethiopia was small and unpredictable compared to developed countries, indicating the performance of PV system and level of awareness of health care professionals towards ADR reporting was not satisfactory. In order to increase the frequency of spontaneous reports, more efficient PV methods and public policies must be implemented.
Prevalence and risks of soil transmitted helminths among Ethiopian school children
Authors: Fenta Abebe , Mesganaw Bewket , Belachew Feven , Teshale Getachew , Abebaw Gashaw , Tesfa Elias , Alemayehu Getaye 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To assess the prevalence and associated factors of soil transmitted helminths (STHs) among Endemata primary school in North West Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with 195 school children was conducted from May to July 2021 at Endemata primary school. The study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling technique. Stool samples were processed via direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Data was entered by Epi-Dara version 3.1 and data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Variables were considered to be statistically significant if P<0.05 at 95% confidence level.

Results:
The overall prevalence of STHs was 10.8% (95% CI 7.1-16.0). The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura were 5.6% (95% CI 3.1-9.9), 3.1% (95% CI 1.3-6.7) and 2.1% (95% CI 0.6-5.3), respectively. Grade 1-4 students were more likely to get infected with STHs as compared to grade 5-8 students (adjusted OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3-16.6). Students who did not have latrines at their home were at higher risk to develop STHs infection comparing with those who had latrine at their home (adjusted OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.7-15.2). Similarly, the school children who did not wear shoes were more likely to be infected by STH parasite than those who did it (adjusted OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.9-20.7). The odds of being infected by STH parasites in children who did not trim their fingernails were 4.9 as compared to those who did it (adjusted OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.5-15.7).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of STHs among Endemata primary school children was low. Student grade level, latrine availability, shoes wear and nail status were significantly associated with STHs infection. Therefore, we recommend policy makers and stakeholders to follow the integration of deworming with water, hygiene and sanitation as well as the consistent health education of school children to control and prevent STH infections.
Retinal and choroidal vascular changes in newly diagnosed celiac disease: An optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Gumus Meltem , Eker Serhat , Karakucuk Yalcın , Ergani Anna Carina , Emiroglu Halil Haldun 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To investigate the retinal and choroidal microcirculation changes in celiac disease (CD) patients via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 44 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed CD and 44 healthy pediatric subjects. The vascular densities (VD) of the superficial, deep, and choriocapillar plexuses (VDs, VDd, and VDcc, respectively) (%), the superficial and deep foveal avascular zones (FAZs and FAZd) (%), the central macular thickness (CMT) (mm), and the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) (mm) were measured with swept-source OCT-A in addition to a complete ophthalmological examination.

Results:
Mean ages of the CD patients and the healthy participants were 12.02 ± 2.9 and 13.6 ± 2.3 years, respectively. The central sectors of the VDs and VDd measurements were found to be significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group (p = 0.006; P = 0.001, respectively), and the temporal and nasal values of the VDcc measurements were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05 for both values). CMT and FAZ metrics did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05). SFCT was significantly reduced (p = 0.001), and choroidal thinning was more considerable in female CD patients (p = 0.045).

Conclusion:
CD seems to affect macular and choroidal microcirculation. The reduced choriocapillaris plexus parameters and choroidal thickness may provide disease activity information.
Analysis of postoperative visual and surgical outcome following surgery for absorbed cataract in pediatric age group and the intraoperative difficulties
Authors: Kavitha V , Heralgi Mallikarjun M , Aafreen Saba 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the postoperative visual and surgical outcomes following surgery for pediatric-absorbed cataracts and intraoperative difficulties.

Methods:
This prospective longitudinal study included 43 eyes (30 children) with absorbed cataracts aged between 6 months and 18 years (either sex). All children underwent best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior and posterior segment evaluation, rubella titer estimation, intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation, superior small incision cataract surgery with or without posterior capsulotomy/anterior vitrectomy/IOL implantation under general anesthesia, visual rehabilitation, and were followed up for 1 year.

Results:
The mean age was 7.89 ± 4.84 years. Preoperative BCVA distance: 39 eyes had either perception of light (PL) or counting finger close to face (CFCF); near BCVA: all eyes had either PL or N36. Postoperative (12 months) distant BCVA: a majority of the eyes (27) had 6/60–1/60, 11 eyes had 6/18–6/36; near: N18 in 19 eyes, N6 in 7 eyes. Anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (ACCC) was possible in eight eyes. Cortical aspiration was difficult in 16 eyes (peripheral calcified ring). A majority (32 eyes) underwent in the sulcus implantation (in-the-bag: eight eyes); two eyes: no IOL, one eye: secondary IOL. Eleven eyes had early postoperative inflammation. At 12 months, one eye underwent membranectomy for visual axis opacification and 38 eyes had well-centered IOLs.

Conclusion:
Surgery in absorbed cataracts is challenging because of the anatomic disorganization of the absorbed lens. By adopting appropriate surgical methods and good visual rehabilitation, one can achieve satisfactory surgical and visual outcomes, highlighting the need for surgical intervention.
Multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique versus standard internal limiting membrane peeling for large macular holes: A comparative study
Authors: Agrawal Vishal , Jindal Khushbu , Dhakad Yogendra , Rathore Priyanka , Khilnani Kamlesh 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the outcome of vitrectomy with multilayered inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique (ML-IILM) versus vitrectomy with standard ILM peeling for large macular holes in terms of visual acuity and anatomical closure.

Methods:
A hospital-based, prospective, randomized, interventional study was conducted during three calendar years with a total 150 eyes (75 in each group) in two groups—vitrectomy with ILM peeling (Group A) and vitrectomy with ML-IILM flap technique (Group B) after informed consent of study participants who met the inclusion criteria.

Results:
The mean minimum and maximum diameter of macular hole did not differ statistically in both the groups. Macular hole index had no significant difference between both groups Pre-operative visual acuity was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. During follow-up, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months was significantly better in Group B (0.12 ± 0.07 at 1 month, 0.14 ± 0.10 at 3 months, 0.18 ± 0.11 at 6 months, and 0.19 ± 0.12 at 12 months) compared to Group A (0.20 ± 0.11 at 1 month, 0.22 ± 0.13 at 3 months, 0.30 ± 0.12 at 6 months, and 0.31 ± 0.14 at 12 months) (P = 0.001 for each). Type 1 anatomical closure (flattening of cuff and opposition of edges of hole) was achieved in 78.66% (59/75) cases in Group A and 93.33% (70/75) cases in Group B (P 0.0016).

Conclusion:
Vitrectomy with multilayered inverted ILM flap technique had significantly higher anatomical closure and better visual outcome than vitrectomy with standard ILM peeling.
Tele-rehabilitation for persons with vision impairment during COVID-19: Experiences and lessons learned
Authors: Christy Beula , Mahalakshmi Mojjada , Aishwarya T V , Jayaraman Deiva , Das Antony V , Rani Padmaja K 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The COVID-19 pandemic imposed challenges to access rehabilitation intervention to individuals with visual impairment, thereby increasing their disability effects. This study explored the viability maintaining the continuum of care through telerehabilitation.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective analysis of individuals with vision impairment who underwent telerehabilitation at the center of excellence in eye care at Hyderabad, Telangana, India, between April and September 2020. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework was followed to provide services such as counseling for mental well-being, information and resources, educational interventions, Assistive Technology programs, therapeutic interventions for children with multiple disabilities, access to digital audio books and rehabilitation helpline. A team of professionals involved in the service care. Phone and what’s app calls were used to facilitate the training. The duration and the number of training sessions were individual need-based with an average of 45 minutes per session and 175 training sessions.

Results:
Three hundred and fifty individuals and their families benefited. The service include early intervention (n = 129), and low vision care (n = 176) inclusive of computer training (n = 53), soft skills (n = 53), digital books (n = 55). Nearly two-thirds of the participants were male (n = 205).

Conclusion:
Evidence from this study suggests telerehabilitation as a successful model of care. A well-planned telerehabilitation approach can expand the scope of reaching the visually impaired from geographically isolated areas where scarcity of service providers and service centers.
Evidence of dengue virus in eviscerated specimens of panophthalmitis secondary to dengue fever: A possible cause-effect phenomenon
Authors: Dave Tarjani V , Sharma Savitri , Lakshmi Vemu , Rangaiahgari Ashok , Murthy Somasheila I , Ali Mohammad J , Dave Vivek P , Pappuru Rajeev R 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To report a retrospective series of three cases of infectious panophthalmitis post-dengue fever with ex vivo confirmation of dengue virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the tissues of the eye.

Methods:
Four eyes of three patients, who were diagnosed with panophthalmitis following dengue fever and who underwent evisceration, were included. All demographic and clinical data were recorded. The eviscerated samples were subjected to direct microscopy, culture for bacteria, fungi, and parasites, and molecular virology (dengue virus [DENV] NS1-specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay).

Results:
The time from the development of dengue fever to the occurrence of ocular symptoms was 4.33 ± 1.15 (median 5) days. DENV NS1 RNA, suggestive of the presence of the dengue virus, was confirmed in all evisceration specimens (uveal tissue, cornea). All the patients recovered completely from dengue fever and on follow-up had healthy eviscerated sockets.

Conclusion:
Demonstration of the DENV RNA in the eviscerated specimens of panophthalmitis following dengue fever implicates the DENV in the pathophysiology of the ocular infection.
Clinical patterns of congenital ocular anomalies in the pediatric age group (0 to 5 years) and its association with various demographic parameters
Authors: Dash Pooja , Rout Jagadish P , Panigrahi Pradeep K 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Congenital ocular anomalies are rare but important cause of childhood blindness. This study aimed to observe the clinical patterns of congenital ocular anomalies in the pediatric age group (0 to 5 years) and its association with various demographic parameters.

Methods:
Hospital-based cross-sectional study done on all pediatric patients in the 0-to-5-year age group presenting with congenital ocular anomalies to the Ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India between October 2018 and October 2020. Thorough clinical history was obtained, and comprehensive ocular examination was done in each case.

Results:
A total of 5686 patients in the 0 to 5 years age group attended the eye OPD during the study period. Congenital ocular anomalies were seen in 140 patients. The prevalence of ocular anomalies was 2.46%. Average age of patients was 3.32 ± 1.42 years. There were 74 (52.9%) males and 66 (47.1%) females. Unilateral and bilateral involvement was seen in 100 (71.45%) and 40 (28.6%) cases, respectively. Antenatal period was uneventful in 92.14% cases. Decreased vision was the most common presentation (40%). Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction was the most common anomaly seen in 29 (20.71%) cases followed by congenital cataract in 21 (15%) cases.

Conclusion:
Few of the congenital ocular anomalies can be prevented by increasing community awareness. Findings of the study can act as a reference guide for clinicians and health professionals for counseling and health planning.
Sutureless and glue-free limbal-conjunctival autograft in primary and recurrent pterygium: A pilot study
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Tinna Ankuj , Singh Anuradha , Singh Atul K , Ambiya Vikas 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate and analyze the outcomes of sutureless and glue-free limbal-conjunctival autografting in cases of primary as well as recurrent pterygium.

Methods:
This prospective interventional study was carried out between February 2019 and February 2020 at a tertiary care hospital in North India. A total of 70 patients with pterygium underwent sutureless and glue-free limbal-conjunctival autograft. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 patients with primary pterygium (n = 45), group 2 patients with recurrent pterygium (n = 25). The patients were followed up till 12 months postoperatively.

Results:
The mean age of the patients in group 1 and group 2 was 37.04 ± 8.69 years and 32.52 ± 6.49 years, respectively (P = 0.04). Postoperatively, no recurrence was recorded in group 1. Recurrence was noticed in two patients (8%) of group 2. The BCVA changed from 78.73 ± 9.86 letters to 80.15 ± 7.29 letters (P = 0.45) and from 79.6 ± 6.44 letters to 79.8 ± 5.86 letters (P = 0.45) in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Graft edema was found in seven (15.55%) cases of group 1 and four (16%) cases of group 2. Graft retraction was found in two (4.44%) cases of group 1 and three (12%) cases of group 2.

Conclusion:
Sutureless and a glue-free limbal-conjunctival autograft is a safe and effective treatment option for primary as well as recurrent pterygium.
Comparative evaluation of modified crater (endonucleation) chop and conventional crater chop techniques during phacoemulsification of hard nuclear cataracts: A randomized study
Authors: Upadhyay Sukriti , Sharma Pankaj , Chouhan Jugal Kishore , Goyal Rajesh 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To compare the clinical outcomes of endonucleation chop (EC) versus conventional crater (CC) chop techniques in phacoemulsification of hard nuclear cataracts.

Methods:
In this Prospective, longitudinal, randomized controlled study with double-blinding. Hundred consecutive eyes with uncomplicated cataracts (nucleus grades 3 and 4) were equally divided into Group A (EC) and Group B (CC). Intraoperative effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) and balanced salt solution (BSS) volume used was noted. Postoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and IOP were recorded at days 1, 7, 30, and 90 postoperatively. The Chi-square test (categorical data), Mann–Whitney U test, and t-tests for other parameters were done.

Results:
The mean EPT in Groups A and B were 6.6 and 14.25 s, respectively (P < 0.001). The BSS volume used was 105.9 and 221.7 mL, respectively (P < 0.001). At 3 months, the ECD loss was 4.35 and 8.6%, respectively (P = 0.025). The-first day CCT was significantly increased in Group B but was the same in both groups at 3 months. A significant improvement in BCVA was noted in both groups. This new technique significantly reduces EPT, the BSS used, and ECD loss.

Conclusion:
Compared with the CC chop technique, the EC technique for phacoemulsification of hard nuclear cataracts conserved phacoemulsification energy and minimized exposure to the intraocular irrigating solution, provided a significant reduction in corneal endothelial damage, and led to faster visual rehabilitation.
A clinico-pathological study of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis
Authors: Mani Senthilkumar , Thirunavukkarasu Anbuselvi 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Known predisposing factors for mucormycosis are neutropenia and diabetes. Though COVID-19 is associated with hyperinflammatory response, a high surge in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) cases was observed during the second wave. The histopathological features reflect the background pathogenesis. This study analyzes the histopathological features and clinical presentation of COVID-19-associated ROCM.

Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, the clinical details of 89 proven ROCM patients treated during May–July 2021 were collected from the case records. Histopathological features were correlated with clinical staging groups and outcomes. The mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of clinical and outcome groups were compared.

Results:
The mean age was 54.71 ± 11.03 years, with male patients constituting a majority (78.7%). Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was noted in 70.8% of patients, and 3.4% had normal range of blood sugar. The mean blood sugar was 298.08 ± 99.51 mg/dL. The mean duration of onset of symptoms of mucormycosis from the diagnosis of COVID-19 was 17.36 ± 7.392 (3–45) days. Poor outcome with disease progression or death occurred in 21.3% of patients. Clinical group II patients (44.9%) with ROCM stages 3c and above had poor outcomes (P = 0.005). Histopathological analysis showed minimal inflammation in 25.8%, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) in 75.3%, and angio-invasion in 28.1% of patients. Minimal inflammation was associated with clinical group II (P = 0.004) and poor outcome (P = 0.001). Angio-invasion correlated with poor outcome (P = 0.007). Patients with severe clinical group and poor outcome had higher mean NLR with P = 0.017 and P = 0.007, respectively.

Conclusion:
Vision loss and cerebral involvement had poor outcomes. The histopathologic features such as inflammation and angio-invasion along with NLR aid as prognostic indicators in the management of ROCM. The role of NET in the pathogenesis of COVID-19-associated ROCM needs further studies.