bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spider Mite Control, Trial 2, 1988
Authors: Ostlie K. , Chaddha S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pesticide performance against a TSSM infestation was evaluated during an unusual outbreak on soybean in Minnesota. Plots of 2 rows (30-inch spacing) by 15 ft were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. A single border row separated adjacent plots to minimize effects of spray drift. Mites were present on nearly every leaf throughout the soybean canopy at stage R5.5 (beginning seed) with feeding injury readily visible below the top 5-6 leaves. Insecticides were broadcast 13 Aug in 30 gal water/acre with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 8002 nozzles set at 40 psi. The population in each plot was sampled 12 Aug, 18 Aug, 23 Aug, and 29 Aug (-1, 5, 10, and 16 DAT). On each sampling date, spider mites were counted from 20 leaflets/plot (10 leaflets at the fourth node from the top and 10 leaflets at the eighth node from the top). Leaflets were placed in plastic bags in a cooler for transport to the laboratory. Samples were held at 45°F until mites were removed from the leaflets with a mite-brushing machine. Eggs and mites were counted. Leaf injury was visually estimated on 26 Aug from 5 leaflets/plant (nodes 4-8 from the top) on 5 plants/plot. Plots were harvested 10 Oct, and yields were corrected to 13% moisture.
Control of Sugarbeet Insect Pests, 1988
Authors: Johnson Gregory , Kammerzell Kurt , Hudson Susan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular insecticide treatments were applied at planting time to 2 separate flood-irrigated fields located in the Yellowstone Valley of eastern Montana. Field 1, previously in alfalfa, was planted to ‘Beta 3265’ on 24 May using an IH185 8-row planter. Granular insecticides were banded on top of the ridge through a ground-driven Gandy applicator and lightly incorporated with a drag chain. Each treatment and untreated control were replicated 10 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual replicates were 2 rows (22-inch spacing) by 2,500 ft. Field 2 was planted in ‘Beta 6566’ on 1 Apr using an Arts-Way Heath Airseeder. This field was a 3-yr stand of alfalfa. Insecticides were banded on top of the row through an electric-drive Gandy applicator and roto-incorporated 2-3 inches deep.
Insect Growth Regulator Trials, All-Season Test, 1988
Authors: Johnson James W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 12-yr-old trees in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Dilute sprays were applied to the point of drip with an FMC DP-20 handgun sprayer at 375 psi, using approximately 5 gal finished spray/tree. Application dates were 28 Apr (PF, petal fall), 10 May (1C, first cover), 20 May (2C, second cover), 1 Jun (3C, third cover), 15 Jun (4C, fourth cover), 4 Jul (5C, fifth cover), 16 Jul (6C, sixth cover), 1 Aug (7C, seventh cover), 15 Aug (8C, eighth cover), and 1 Sep (9C, ninth cover). Cover sprays of dormant oil, mancozeb, Funginex, Omite, and Kelthane were applied separately to all trees. Apples were harvested on 30 Sep. Samples consisted of 50 apples/replicate collected randomly from around the trees at chest height. Samples were inspected visually, and the number of clean and damaged fruit was recorded.
Control of Tobacco Pests, 1988
Authors: Lampert E. P. , Stephenson A. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘McNair 373’ tobacco was transplanted at the Border Belt Tobacco Research Station (BBTRS) near Whiteville, N.C., on 25 Apr in a Goldsboro fine sandy loam soil (pH 5.6). Plots were 4 rows (48 inches apart) by 22 plants (40 ft) arranged in a randomized complete-block design with 12 treatments and 4 replicates. On 6 Apr, broadcast preplanting incorporated pesticides (BC-PPI) were applied with a CO2-powered sprayer fitted with 2 8004 flat-fan nozzles on a 20-inch boom. Treatments were applied at 30 psi and a rate of 25 gal/acre. Granular materials were broadcast with a tractor-mounted Gandy granular applicator. All treatments were incorporated to a depth of 4 inches with a spring tooth harrow within 1 h of application and rows were ridged within 24 h. Transplant water treatments (TPW) were applied at a rate of 175 gal/acre. Ten plants/plot were gently pulled and the roots and stems rated for wireworm damage on 17 May. Density ratings for Myzus nicotianae were made on all plants on the third row in each plot on 2 Jul. On 16 May, flue-cured ‘K-326’ tobacco was transplanted at the Upper Piedmont Research Station (UPRS) near Reidsville, N.C., into a Cecil sandy loam soil (pH 5.3). Plots were 4 rows (45 inches apart) by 22 plants (40 ft) and were arranged according to a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and 4 replicates. On 2 May, BC-PPI treatments were applied as described above and incorporated to a depth of 4 inches within 1 h after application with a tandem disk, and rows were ridged within 2 h. TPW treatments were applied at a rate of 100 gal/acre. Wireworm damage was evaluated 6 fun and density of M. nicotianae was rated 28 Jun, 12 and 28 Jul, and 9 Aug. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Proportions were transformed to arcsine before ANOVA.
Aphicide Test, 1987
Authors: Beers E. H. , Eisner E. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted in a block of 4-yr-old trees with under-tree irrigation. The trees had been defruited in May and heavily pruned, and they were growing vigorously. Trees in the block not used in the experiment were treated with Phosphamidon 8 EC (1 pt/acre) to reduce reinfestation of treated trees. Treatments were applied with a handgun operating at 400-500 psi to the point of drip. Rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 single-tree replicates. All treatments were applied 13 Jul. The pretreatment count (12 Jul) was made by counting the aphids on 1 leaf/replicate. The 8-DAT counts (21 Jul and 3 Aug) were made by counting all infested leaves on one terminal/replicate.
Control of Russian Wheat Aphid, 1988
Authors: DePew L. J. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A small-plot field test was conducted in a continuous dryland wheat field near Hugoton, Kans., to determine the relative effectiveness of 7 insecticides against RWA. Plots were 5.5 by 7.6 m, arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated 3 times. Chemical applications were made 13 Apr with a CO2-pressurized backpack hand sprayer calibrated to deliver 119.7 liters/ha at 138 kilopascals using 4 Spraying Systems X-6 (tip size) nozzles. Wheat plants were in the early jointing stage of development at time of application. RWA populations were sampled by randomly selecting 20 stems/plot and cutting them off at ground level with scissors. Stems were placed in plastic bags and transported to the laboratory, where aphids were extracted using Berlese funnels. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at 2, 7, 15, 21, and 33 DAT. Grain yields were determined by hand harvesting and machine threshing 9.8 m of row/plot.
Control of Bagworm, 1988
Authors: Nixon Philip L. , Randell Roscoe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature arborvitae in Champaign, 111., were sprayed to control bagworm larvae 17 Jun with Dipel and Dylox and on 27 Jul with Dipel, Dylox, and Tempo. Insecticides were applied with a 3-gal hand-pressurized portable sprayer to the point of run-off. Larval mortality was recorded at 5 DAT, with 5 samples of 20 larvae taken for each treatment. Larval cases on 17 Jun (young larvae) were 3-6 mm long; larval cases on 27 Jul (older larvae) were 20-37 mm long.
Annual Northern Marked Chafer Control, 1988
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Shearman R. C. , Wit L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On Aug 9, 10 insecticides were applied to 5- by 10-ft Kentucky bluegrass plots located in a golf course rough at Lincoln, Nebr. Topography in the treated area ranged from level to a gentle slope, and the predominant grass species was Kentucky bluegrass (95%). Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) ranged from 0.25-0.5 inches. Field conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temperature, 82°F; soil temperature (3-inch depth), 85°F; soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture was well below field capacity. Granular formulations were combined with 6.7 oz Milorganite, which served as a carrier, and were applied with a hand-held shaker over plots.
Fall Control of Japanese Reetle, 1988
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on the fairway of a golf course in Mifflin County, Pa. The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (10%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 by 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid and soluble powder formulations were applied with a CO2 sprayer with four 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi and at a spray rate of 5 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (17 Sep) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 58°F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 57°F; RH 55%; amount of thatch, 0.25-1.25 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 35% sand, 47% silt, 18% sand; soil moisture condition, moist; organic matter, 1.9%; water pH, 6.0; soil pH, 5.0; 1.5 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. All treatments were applied during a very light rain. Posttreatment counts were made 30 d later (17 Oct). Three sod samples of 1-ft2 each were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs, 1988
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on a golf course fairway in Lewistown, Pa. The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (20%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (40%). Treatment plots were 9 x 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid and soluble powder formulations were applied with a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS Teejet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi at delivering spray at 5 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (30 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 76°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 68°F; RH, 55%; amount of thatch, 0.25-1.25 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 32% sand, 43% silt, 25% sand; soil moisture, 31%; organic matter, 3.6%; water pH, 6.0; soil pH, 5.0; 4.6 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 25 d later (24 Sep). Three sod samples of 1-ft2 each were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1988
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Schwartz Mary Ann 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peach aphid control was evaluated on greenhouse-grown calendula 12 Jun. The plants were in 4-inch pots evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until run-off with a Gilmore all-purpose trigger sprayer. A surfactant, Triton B 1956, was added to all treatments (3V2 oz/100 gal), except for the RH 7988 treatments for which Triton AG 98 was used (8 oz/100 gal). Infestations were determined by examining 4 leaves/plant and recording the total live aphids at 1, 7, and 14 DAT.
Insect Control with Insect Growth Regulators, 1988
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Timing and rates of several insect growth regulators were evaluated for control of major apple pests and for their effect on phytophagous and phytoseiid mites. Sprays were applied by handgun operating at 200 psi to 2f-yr-old ‘Newtown’ trees. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates in a randomized block. Fungicides (Cyprex, Bayleton) were applied when necessary. Guthion cover sprays were timed according to CM development (see Washington State University Extension Bulletin 1072). The IGRs were applied from 150 to 250 degree-days earlier than Guthion to coincide with beginning and peak of egg laying. Dipel (Bacillus thuringieusis) + Guthion combination spray program was timed with Guthion sprays. Each material was applied in a program of 4 cover sprays. At mid-season (1 Aug) and at harvest (6 Oct), 100 apples/treatment (25/tree) were inspected for insect damage. In addition, leaves were sampled twice during the season to evaluate mite, WALH, and WTLM populations (100/leaves/treatment; 25/tree).
Small Plot Aphicide Testing, 1988
Authors: Warkentin Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemums were grown from unrooted cuttings in sand ground beds at a density of 12 plants/ft2, in 1.5- by 3.5-ft plots. Plots were maintained under a 7-d harvest schedule until a pretreatment sample indicated an adequate aphid infestation. Treatments were assigned according to a randomized complete block design, with 6 replicate plots/treatment. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of leaf wetness with a Geerpress hand pump sprayer directly after the pretreatment count and after each of the next 3 evaluations (7 day intervals). Triton AG-98 was added to each tank mixture at 0.125% by volume. Pretreatment and posttreatment evaluations consisted of counting all live aphids from a sample of 10 vegetative shoots (3 inches long) removed at random from within each replicate plot. The average temperature on the first spray date ws 60°F; average temperature on the final spray date was 68°F.
Control of Tobacco Budworm; 1988
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trials were conducted to evaluate various insecticide treatments for control of tobacco budworm injury to geranium and petunia flowers. Plots were located in established outdoor flower plantings near greenhouses in Arvada (Site 1) and northern Denver (Site 2), Colo. At Site 1 a bed of geraniums was divided into individual plots of 2Vi by 4 ft. Plot design was a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Sprays were made with a hand-operated compressed-air sprayer. Treatments were applied 10 Aug and reapplied 24 Aug. Evaluations were made 20 Aug and 6 Sep. Evaluations consisted of counting the number of damaged buds from 5 bud clusters/plot. At Site 2, 2 trials were conducted on petunias. In the first trial, 15-ft2 beds of petunias were used. Sprayed treatments were applied 10 Aug and 24 Aug. Evaluations made 20 Aug involved counting the number of budworm-damaged flowers/plot. Because of higher pest pressure, 6 Sep evaluations involved counting all blossoms/plot. The second trial involved a later petunia planting in a linear bed that was subdivided into 3 by 5-ft plots. Treatments were made once (24 Aug), and evaluation (6 Sep) involved counting all flowers in the center IVi-ft swath of the plot.
Control of Green Peach Aphid, 1988
Authors: Pinkston Ken , Price Richard , Schwartz Mary Ann 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Green peach aphid control was evaluated on greenhouse-grown roses 12 Jun. The plants were in 10-inch pots evenly spaced on a greenhouse bench. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. The plants were sprayed until run-off with a Gilmore all purpose trigger sprayer. A surfactant, Triton B 1956, was added to all treatments (3% oz/100 gal), except for the RH 7988 treatments for which Triton AG 98 was used (8 oz/100 gal). Infestations were determined by examining 4 buds and 2 inches stem/plant and recording the total live aphids at 1, 7, and 14 DAT.
White Grub Control, 1988
Authors: Ali A. D. , Ali M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on a golf course fairway in Moraga, Calif. The stand was predominantly perennial ryegrass with some Poa annua var reptans (Hauskn.) Timm. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Plot size was 5 by 20 ft2. Granular formulations were shaken manually from a glass jar over the plots. Liquids were applied with a CO2-pressurized sprayer with a hollow-cone nozzle at 32 psi and 5.25 gal/1,000 ft2. Immediately after application, treatments were watered in with one-half inch water. Normal cultural practices were followed. Irrigation averaged 1 inch/wk. Water was pH 6.0. Thatch averaged one-half inch. Pretreatment grub density was determined 20 Sept by cutting 4 1-ft by 1-ft by 3-inch randomly selected sections in the sod in each plot and counting the grubs. Insecticide treatments were applied the same day. Posttreatment grub density was determined in the same manner 19 Oct, except that 5 sections in each plot were used for grub counts.
Black Vine Weevil Larvicide Test, 1984
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rooted taxus cuttings were obtained from an Ohio nursery and planted 25 Jun in 1-gal (3.8 liter) or 2.4 gal (9 liter) pots containing peat, pine bark, sand, and hardwood bark (3:3:2:2) and fertilizer. All pots were placed outside under shade and received 1.3 cm of overhead irrigation each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Five wk later, black vine weevil eggs were collected from adults held in a rearing room at 22°C and &gt;80% RH. Approximately 130 brown eggs were placed in each pot 2.54 cm beneath the surface and near plant roots on 3 Aug. Egg hatchability was 90%. Treatments were applied 6 Sep, as a drench, to 5 single-pot replicates/treatment at a rate of 1 pt (473 ml) of solution/gal pot volume. Plants were watered 1 d prior to treatment and 2 DAT. Normal irrigation was then resumed. Pots were moved into a greenhouse 30 Oct to maintain temperature within the activity range of larvae. Treatment effectiveness was assessed in December by removing plants and media from containers and counting mature larvae.
Control Of a Leaf Vagrant Eriophyid Mite on Ash in Fort Collins, 1987
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Young Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Control trials were conducted on infested trees located around the Colorado State University campus in Fort Collins. Plots consisted of infested branch terminals, 4-6 ft long, with branches from single replications all on the same tree. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 5 replications. Treatments were applied 13 Jun using a hand-operated mister to point of run-off. Evaluations were made by examining the undersides of 2 leaflets on each of 3 leaves collected randomly from each plot.
Spruce Spider Mite Control with Insecticidal Soap and Conventional Pesticides on Fraser Fir in Centre County, 1987
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eighteen treatments were evaluated to control spruce spider mites on heavily infested 5-6-ft Fraser fir Christmas trees. Each treatment was applied to 4-tree replicates. Foliar sprays were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with one 8004VS Teejet nozzle operating at 28 psi and mounted on the end of a 24-inch boom. 940 ml of each treatment was applied to each replicate. Treatments were applied 13 May under clear, sunny skies. The air temperature was 85°F and 70% RH. Samples consisted of randomly removing four 4-inch twigs from each replicate. The twigs were placed in plastic bags and transported in an ice cooler to the laboratory. Samples from each replicate were then passed through a mite brush, and the number of viable spruce spider mite life stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) collected on a 5-inch sampling disk positioned directly beneath the brushes was counted with a stereo dissecting microscope. Posttreatment samples were collected 29 May and 11 Jun.
Evaluation of Pyrethroid Sprays for Control of Pinyon Spindle Gall Midge, Ft. Collins, 1988
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted in an established landscape planting of pinyon pine on the campus of Colorado State University. Plots were single trees, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Sprays were applied 23 Jun with a hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer to run-off. At the time of application, adult spindle gall midge emergence was about 20% complete. Two evaluations were made. The first, 1 Aug, involved a 3-min survey of the tree. A second 2-min survey was made 1 Sep, after gall growth had become pronounced.
Laboratory Evaluation, 1987-1988
Authors: Soderstrom E. L. , Brandl D. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fuller rose beetle eggs (0-7 d old) oviposited between layers of wax paper, were placed in stainless steel cages (6 cm long by 18 mm diameter), immersed in test compounds, air dried for 30 min, and then held at 25°C and 85% RH for 30 DAT. To stimulate egg hatch, 24 h before mortality determination, the relative humidity was raised to saturation. For the Biphenyl test, eggs were placed in Petri dishes with Biphen-yl-impregnated papers of various sizes for 2 wk at 13°C, then held for 30 d as described above.
Prevention Trial, 1987
Authors: Bing James W. , Foster D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Natural infestations in 3 farm storage bins at each of 2 locations were used to demonstrate the effects of application time and method of application on the effectiveness of Actellic 5 EC applied at a rate of 3 oz in 5 gal of water/1,000 ft2 of grain surface. Bins at each location contained untreated corn harvested in 1985 that had been infested with IMM and remained untreated in 1986. At each location the experiment consisted of 2 treatments, Actellic broadcast on the grain surface then incorporated to a depth of 4 inches and Actellic broadcast over the surface but not incorporated. There was also an untreated control. All insecticide applications were made using a backpack sprayer with a 4-nozzle boom equipped with flood jet tips. The spray system was pressurized with CO2 at 20 psi. A garden rake was used to incorporate the insecticide. IMM numbers were monitored by placing three corrugated paper strips flat on the grain surface of each bin. Each strip measured 2.5 cm by 6 m long and contained 660 openings in which IMM larvae could pupate.
Summer Miticide Evaluation, 1988
Authors: Walgenbach J. F. , Palmer C. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Miticides were applied in a 26-yr-old commercial block of apples. Applications were made to 4-tree treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The first application of materials was made on 11 Jul, when ERM and TSSM populations averaged 10.4 and 4.7 mites/leaf, respectively. A second application was made on 19 Jul. All miticides were applied dilute (250 gal/acre) using a handgun sprayer operating at 150 psi. Treatments were evaluated on 14, 19, and 26 Jul, by counting the mites from 20 leaves/replicate processed with a mite-brushing machine.
Control of Face Flies and Horn Flies on Dairy Cows with Liquiduster Applicators or Ectiban Ear Tapes, 1988
Authors: Miller R. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Permethrin insecticide was applied to 5 herds of lactating dairy cows via Liquiduster applicators or Ectiban ear tapes. For Herd 1, 3 Liquidusters were placed side by side between 2 barns that the milking cows passed through daily. For Herds 2 and 3, 1 or 2 Liquidusters, respectively, were placed in alleyways the cows passed through after they were milked. Ectiban ear tapes were attached to 1 identification tag/cow during wk 1 and 3 of June for Herds 4 and 5, respectively. Four untreated herds served as controls. Fly density was determined on the herds by making weekly counts of the number of face flies/face and horn flies/side on 15 animals in each herd from June through September.