bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How “age‐friendly” are deprescribing interventions? A scoping review of deprescribing trials
Authors: Wang Jinjiao , Shen Jenny Y. , Conwell Yeates , Podsiadly Eric J. , Caprio Thomas V. , Nathan Kobi , Yu Fang , Ramsdale Erika E. , Fick Donna M. , Mixon Amanda S. , Simmons Sandra F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess how age‐friendly deprescribing trials are regarding intervention design and outcome assessment. Reduced use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) can be addressed by deprescribing—a systematic process of discontinuing and/or reducing the use of PIMs. The 4Ms—“Medication”, “Mentation”, “Mobility”, and “What Matters Most” to the person—can be used to guide assessment of age‐friendliness of deprescribing trials.Data SourcePublished literature.Study DesignScoping review.Data Extraction MethodsThe literature was identified using keywords related to deprescribing and polypharmacy in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ProQuest, CINAHL, and Cochrane and snowballing. Study characteristics were extracted and evaluated for consideration of 4Ms.Principal FindingsThirty‐seven of the 564 trials identified met the review eligibility criteria. Intervention design: “Medication” was considered in the intervention design of all trials; “Mentation” was considered in eight trials; “Mobility” (n = 2) and “What Matters Most” (n = 6) were less often considered in the design of intervention. Most trials targeted providers without specifying how matters important to older adults and their families were aligned with deprescribing decisions. Outcome assessment: “Medication” was the most commonly assessed outcome (n = 33), followed by “Mobility” (n = 13) and “Mentation” (n = 10) outcomes, with no study examining “What Matters Most” outcomes.Conclusions“Mentation” and “Mobility”, and “What Matters Most” have been considered to varying degrees in deprescribing trials, limiting the potential of deprescribing evidence to contribute to improved clinical practice in building an age‐friendly health care system.
Gut health, the microbiome and dietary choices: An exploration of consumer perspectives
Authors: Williams Georgina M. , Tapsell Linda C. , Beck Eleanor J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsTo explore consumer perceptions regarding dietary behaviours related to the gut microbiome, to assist in effective translation of research to practice.MethodsOnline focus groups were conducted (adults with no formal medical or nutrition training). Semi‐structured open‐ended questioning explored perspectives related to gut health and dietary behaviours. A qualitative descriptive analysis approach was undertaken in duplicate.ResultsFourteen focus groups were conducted (n = 38, 15 males, 23 females). Four overarching themes regarding consumer perceptions were identified. These were (a) gut health equates with wellbeing, (b) there are divergent perceptions of how diet influences gut health, (c) interest in scientific evidence does not necessarily influence dietary behaviour and (d) gastrointestinal symptoms influence dietary behaviour.ConclusionsConsumers are interested in gut health and understand that diet may be important. Given that current literature regarding diet and gut health does not differ from dietary guidelines, consumer interest may provide a timely slant to promote longstanding guidelines. Consumer education to limit scepticism around government messaging, including utilisation of social media by nutrition professionals, may be key to improving adherence to guidelines.
Embryonic ethanol exposure induces ectopic Hcrt and MCH neurons outside hypothalamus in rats and zebrafish: Role in ethanol‐induced behavioural disturbances
Authors: Collier Adam D. , Yasmin Nushrat , Chang Guo‐Qing , Karatayev Olga , Khalizova Nailya , Fam Milisia , Abdulai Abdul R. , Yu Boyi , Leibowitz Sarah F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmbryonic exposure to ethanol increases the risk for alcohol use disorder in humans and stimulates alcohol‐related behaviours in different animal models. Evidence in rats and zebrafish suggests that this phenomenon induced by ethanol at low‐moderate concentrations involves a stimulatory effect on neurogenesis and density of hypothalamic neurons expressing the peptides, hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) and melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH), known to promote alcohol consumption. Building on our report in zebrafish showing that ethanol induces ectopic expression of Hcrt neurons outside the hypothalamus, we investigated here whether embryonic ethanol exposure also induces ectopic peptide neurons in rats similar to zebrafish and affects their morphological characteristics and if these ectopic neurons are functional and have a role in the ethanol‐induced disturbances in behaviour. We demonstrate in rats that ethanol at a low‐moderate dose, in addition to increasing Hcrt and MCH neurons in the lateral hypothalamus where they are normally concentrated, induces ectopic expression of these peptide neurons further anterior in the nucleus accumbens core and ventromedial caudate putamen where they have not been previously observed and causes morphological changes relative to normally located hypothalamic neurons. Similar to rats, embryonic ethanol exposure at a low‐moderate dose in zebrafish induces ectopic Hcrt neurons anterior to the hypothalamus and alters their morphology. Notably, laser ablation of these ectopic Hcrt neurons blocks the behavioural effects induced by ethanol exposure, including increased anxiety and locomotor activity. These findings suggest that the ectopic peptide neurons are functional and contribute to the ethanol‐induced behavioural disturbances related to the overconsumption of alcohol.
Vimentin and tumor–stroma ratio for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response prediction in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Tian Wenjing , Yang Yuqin , Qin Qi , Zhang Liguo , Wang Zheyan , Su Liqian , Zeng Lirong , Chen Hui , Hu Lingzhi , Hong Jiawei , Huang Ying , Zhang Qingling , Zhao Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVimentin expression in tumor tissues and the tumor–stroma ratio (TSR) have been demonstrated as strong prognostic factors for cancer patients, but whether they are predictive markers of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) outcome in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients is poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the predictive significance of vimentin and TSR combined for nCRT response in LARC patients. Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) was performed to determine the association of vimentin and TSR with nCRT response in six LARC patients [three achieved pathological complete response (pCR), three did not]. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for vimentin and TSR on biopsy tissues before nCRT and logistic regression analysis were performed to further evaluate their predictive value for treatment responses in a larger patient cohort. A trend of decreased vimentin expression and increased TSR in the pCR group was revealed by IMC. In the validation group, vimentin [odds ratio (OR) 0.260, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.102–0.602, p = 0.002] and TSR (OR 4.971, 95% CI 1.933–15.431, p = 0.002) were associated with pCR by univariate analysis. Patients in the vimentin‐low/TSR‐low or vimentin‐high/TSR‐high (OR 5.211, 95% CI 1.248–35.582, p = 0.042) and vimentin‐low/TSR‐high groups (OR 11.846, 95% CI 3.197–77.079, p = 0.001) had significantly higher odds of pCR. By multivariate analysis, only the combination of vimentin and TSR was an independent predictor for nCRT response (OR 9.324, 95% CI 2.290–63.623, p = 0.006). Our study suggested that the combined assessment of vimentin and TSR can provide additive significance and may be a promising indicator of nCRT response in LARC patients.
Blood eosinophil count in the diagnosis of allergic‐like rhinitis with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Luo Qiqi , Zhou Siyi , Yuan Bo , Feng Zeli , Tan Guolin , Liu Honghui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) often are comorbid with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Finding a convenient test that distinguishes these complex conditions is helpful for effective treatment. We aimed to analyse blood parameter differences between AR and NAR patients with/without CRS.MethodsEight hundred thirteen patients, including AR and NAR with different conditions [CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP)] were analysed in this retrospective study. Patients with a nasal deviation alone were included as healthy controls (HC). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the value of blood parameters for diagnosing AR or NAR with/without CRS.ResultsCompared to nonallergic‐like rhinitis (HC, CRSwNP and CRSsNP), the blood eosinophil count was significantly increased in the allergic‐like rhinitis groups, except for NAR‐CRSsNP (AR, AR‐CRSwNP, AR‐CRSsNP, NAR and NAR‐CRSwNP). The NAR‐CRSsNP group had a higher level of eosinophils than the HC and CRSsNP groups. Among allergic‐like rhinitis patients, eosinophils were higher in allergic‐like rhinitis patients with CRSwNP (AR‐CRSwNP and NAR‐CRSwNP) than in allergic‐like rhinitis patients without CRSwNP (AR, AR‐CRSsNP, NAR and NAR‐CRSsNP). However, no difference in blood eosinophils was observed between AR and NAR. There was also no difference among nonallergic‐like rhinitis patients. Similar findings were found for the blood eosinophil proportion. Furthermore, the blood eosinophil count was a good predictor of allergic‐like rhinitis, especially allergic‐like rhinitis with CRSwNP.ConclusionThe blood eosinophil count and proportion may be good diagnostic predictors of allergic‐like rhinitis but cannot differentiate between AR and NAR. This indicator may be much better in predicting allergic‐like rhinitis with CRSwNP.
Which factors influence the decision to perform Hartmann's reversal in various causative disease situations? A retrospective cohort study between 2006 and 2021
Authors: Katsura Morihiro , Fukuma Shingo , Chida Kohei , Saegusa Yoshitaka , Kanda Shuhei , Kawasaki Kyohei , Tsuzuki Yukihiro , Ie Masafumi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimOur aim was to investigate the predictive factors for Hartmann's reversal and to describe the differences in the rates and timings of Hartmann's reversal for various causative diseases.MethodIn this multicentre retrospective cohort study patients who underwent Hartmann's procedure (HP) between 2006 and 2018 were enrolled. To describe the demographic patterns of Hartmann's reversal through to 2021, we analysed the cumulative incidence rate of Hartmann's reversal over time based on the Kaplan–Meier failure estimate. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed with cluster‐adjusted robust standard errors to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the assessment of variables associated with colostomy reversal.ResultsOf 250 patients who underwent the index HP and survived to discharge, 112 (45%) underwent subsequent Hartmann's reversal (36% for malignant and 51% for benign disease). The causative diseases with the highest probability of colostomy reversal were trauma (85%) and diverticular disease (73%). Conversely, colostomy reversal was performed in only 16% for colonic volvulus and 17% for bowel ischaemia. Home discharge after index HP (HR 5.22, 95% CI 3.31–8.23) and a higher body mass index (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04) were associated with a higher probability of Hartmann's reversal, whereas older age, malignant disease and a history of cardiovascular and psychoneurological diseases were independently associated with a lower probability of colostomy reversal.ConclusionThe probability and timing of Hartmann's reversal varied considerably with the surgical indications for colostomy creation. Our results could help surgeons counsel patients and their families regarding stoma closure surgery to set realistic expectations.
Understanding changes in the locations of drinking occasions in Great Britain: An age‐period‐cohort analysis of repeat cross‐sectional market research data, 2001–2019
Authors: Hardie Iain , Sasso Alessandro , Holmes John , Meier Petra S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe 21st century has seen wide‐ranging changes in drinking locations in Great Britain, with on‐trade alcohol sales decreasing and off‐trade sales increasing. To better understand the underlying time‐trends in consumer behaviour, we examine age‐period‐cohort (APC) effects related to changes in the share of individuals' drinking occasions taking place in: (i) on‐trade versus off‐trade locations; and (ii) specific on‐trade or off‐trade locations, that is traditional/community pubs, modern pubs/bars/café bars, nightclubs/late‐night venues, restaurants/pub restaurants, social/working men's clubs, golf/other sports clubs/venues, at home (social setting) and at home (non‐social setting).MethodsRepeat cross‐sectional 1‐week drinking diary data, collected 2001–2019. APC analysis via negative binomial regression models for each gender (N = 162,296 men, 138,452 women).ResultsA smaller/declining proportion of occasions took place in on‐trade compared to off‐trade locations. Recent cohorts tended to have a larger share of on‐trade occasions than previous cohorts, driven by their larger share of occasions in modern pubs/bars/café bars and nightclubs/late‐night venues. Meanwhile, occasions in social/working men's clubs, golf/other sports clubs/venues and traditional/community pubs tended to be popular among older men, but have declined. Finally, the growth of off‐trade drinking appears to be driven by a growth of off‐trade drinking in non‐social settings, in particular by older people/cohorts.Discussion and ConclusionOur findings highlight the declining prominence of certain on‐trade locations, and increasing prominence of home drinking in non‐social settings, within British drinking practices. While rising non‐social home drinking is concerning, it is positive from a public health perspective that it does not appear to be shared by recent cohorts.
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of the common skate species complex: Evidence of increasing abundance
Authors: McGeady Ryan , Loca Sophie L. , McGonigle Chris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe critically endangered common skate species complex is a large‐bodied and long‐lived batoid, which has experienced local extirpations and population declines over the past century mainly due to overfishing. Due to its decline, fisheries management measures were introduced to prevent further decline and fragmentation of populations. For example, in 2009, a landings prohibition was introduced in the European Union, which banned the retention of common skate onboard commercial fishing vessels with captured individuals to be discarded. We aimed to explore the spatial and temporal population dynamics of the common skate species complex, against the backdrop of changes in fisheries management measures.LocationNortheast Atlantic Ocean.MethodsWe used publicly available fishery‐independent trawl survey data from several regions of the Northeast Atlantic shelf to examine trends in incidence and abundance for the common skate species complex. We also constructed a species distribution model to identify changes in the spatio‐temporal distribution of the common skate.ResultsA sustained increase in the common skate species complex was evident in several areas of its distribution. An increase was observed in five separate trawl surveys encompassing distinct regions of its distribution. Despite the observed increase, little evidence of recolonizing previously extirpated areas was evident.Main ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the effectiveness of fisheries management measures in contributing to an increase in the common skate species complex. Such measures may also be effective if applied to numerous other batoid species currently threatened with extinction.
Longitudinal investigation of executive function development employing task‐based, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology in 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children
Authors: Eng Cassondra M. , Pocsai Melissa , Fulton Virginia E. , Moron Suanna P. , Thiessen Erik D. , Fisher Anna V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreased focus on resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) and the use and accessibility of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have advanced knowledge on the interconnected nature of neural substrates underlying executive function (EF) development in adults and clinical populations. Less is known about the relationship between rsFC and developmental changes in EF during preschool years in typically developing children, a gap the present study addresses employing task‐based assessment, teacher reports, and fNIRS multimethodology. This preregistered study contributes to our understanding of the neural basis of EF development longitudinally with 41 children ages 4–5. Changes in prefrontal cortex (PFC) rsFC utilizing fNIRS, EF measured with a common task‐based assessment (Day‐Night task), and teacher reports of behavior (BRIEF‐P) were monitored over multiple timepoints: Initial Assessment, 72 h follow‐up, 1 Month Follow‐up, and 4 Month Follow‐up. Measures of rsFC were strongly correlated 72 h apart, providing evidence of high rsFC measurement reliability using fNIRS with preschool‐aged children. PFC rsFC was positively correlated with performance on task‐based and report‐based EF assessments. Children's PFC functional connectivity at rest uniquely predicted later EF, controlling for verbal IQ, age, and sex. Functional connectivity at rest using fNIRS may potentially show the rapid changes in EF development in young children, not only neurophysiologically, but also as a correlate of task‐based EF performance and ecologically‐relevant teacher reports of EF in a classroom context.
Urban mortality in Greece: Hermoupolis (1859–1940)
Authors: Raftakis Michail 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe paper examines mortality patterns in the city of Hermoupolis, on the Greek island of Syros, from 1859 to 1940. It produces important new insights into Mediterranean urban historical demography and is the first comprehensive study of urban mortality in Greece, utilising the largest and one of the longest time series at the individual level yet calculated from civil registration and census data. Abridged life tables were constructed for the first time for a Greek urban settlement, enabling the calculation of age‐specific mortality rates and life expectancies. Hermoupolis experienced much higher mortality levels than the national average. The findings suggest that early childhood mortality started to decline rapidly from the late nineteenth century onwards, with declines in early adulthood and infancy following. The paper reinforces and confirms our limited knowledge about the timing of the mortality transition in Greece. It proposes that an urban penalty was clearly operating in the country even during the early twentieth century. Finally, this paper suggests that a combination of factors was responsible for the mortality decline in Hermoupolis, including wider access to water, which even when it was not clean enough to drink, nevertheless enabled improvements in personal hygiene among the residents of the city.
Effects of land clearing for agriculture on soil organic carbon stocks in drylands: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yuangang , Luo Geping , Li Chaofan , Ye Hui , Shi Haiyang , Fan Binbin , Zhang Wenqiang , Zhang Chen , Xie Mingjuan , Zhang Yu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgricultural activities have been expanding globally with the pressure to provide food security to the earth's growing population. These agricultural activities have profoundly impacted soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in global drylands. However, the effects of clearing natural ecosystems for cropland (CNEC) on SOC are uncertain. To improve our understanding of carbon emissions and sequestration under different land uses, it is necessary to characterize the response patterns of SOC stocks to different types of CNEC. We conducted a meta‐analysis with mixed‐effect model based on 873 paired observations of SOC in croplands and adjacent natural ecosystems from 159 individual studies in global drylands. Our results indicate that CNEC significantly (p < .05) affects SOC stocks, resulting from a combination of natural land clearing, cropland management practices (fertilizer application, crop species, cultivation duration) and the significant negative effects of initial SOC stocks. Increases in SOC stocks (in 1 m depth) were found in croplands which previously natural land (deserts and shrublands) had low SOC stocks, and the increases were 278.86% (95% confidence interval, 196.43%–361.29%) and 45.38% (26.53%–62.23%), respectively. In contrast, SOC stocks (in 1 m depth) decreased by 24.11% (18.38%–29.85%) and 10.70% (1.80%–19.59%) in clearing forests and grasslands for cropland, respectively. We also established the general response curves of SOC stocks change to increasing cultivation duration, which is crucial for accurately estimating regional carbon dynamics following CNEC. SOC stocks increased significantly (p < .05) with high long‐term fertilizer consumption in cleared grasslands with low initial SOC stocks (about 27.2 Mg ha−1). The results derived from our meta‐analysis could be used for refining the estimation of dryland carbon dynamics and developing SOC sequestration strategies to achieve the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere.
Formation of advanced glycation end‐products in glycation of silver carp myofibrillar protein with glucose: Relationship with its chemical indicators
Authors: Ren Yanmei , Mao Zhenjie , Zhang Qi , Dong Shiyuan , Zha Fengchao , Chen Bojian 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), regarded as a potentially harmful substance, in the protein glycation course is still under investigation. This study investigated the glycation modification of silver carp myofibrillar protein (MF) with glucose via Maillard‐driven chemistry. The resultant conjugates and glycation extent were characterised by chemical indicators, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, colour development, and AGEs level. As the primary responsibility for glycation, the loss of Lysine (Lys) and Arginine (Arg) in MF with longer glycation time (>24 h) was more than 25%. While, the associated AGEs, including Nε‐carboxymethyl‐lysine (CML), Nε‐carboxyethyl‐lysine (CEL), and methylglyoxal‐derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG‐H1), presented a gradually increasing tendency with glycation time. The kinetic studies indicated that the formation of CML and MG‐H1 presented a highly linear correlation with heating time, while the CEL development could be described as an exponential function of glycation time (r ≥ 0.95). Moreover, the correlation analysis among these chemical indicators indicated that colour development was positively correlated with AGEs (r ≥ 0.85), while negatively related to the loss of Lys and Arg (r ≤ −0.89). The findings may help to better control the glycation course of food protein based on the formation of AGEs.