bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insight into Hydroboration of Imines from Combined Computational and Experimental Studies
Authors: Zou Wentian , Gao Liuzhou , Cao Jia , Li Zhenxing , Li Guoao , Wang Guoqiang , Li Shuhua 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBoron Lewis acid‐catalyzed and catalyst‐free hydroboration reactions of imines are attractive due to the mild reaction conditions. In this work, the mechanistic details of the hydroboration reactions of two different kinds of imines with pinacolborane (HBpin) are investigated by combining density functional theory calculations and some experimental studies. For the hydroboration reaction of N‐(α‐methylbenzylidene)aniline catalyzed by tris[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane (BArF3), our calculations show that the reaction proceeds through a boron Lewis acid‐promoted hydride transfer mechanism rather than the classical Lewis acid activation mechanism. For the catalyst‐ and solvent‐free hydroboration reaction of imine, N‐benzylideneaniline, our calculations and experimental studies indicate that this reaction is difficult to occur under the reaction conditions reported previously. With a combination of computational and experimental studies, we have established that the commercially available BH3 ⋅ SMe2 can serve as an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration reactions of N‐benzylideneaniline and similar imines. The hydroboration reactions catalyzed by BH3 ⋅ SMe2 are most likely to proceed through a hydroboration/B−H/B−N σ‐bond metathesis pathway, which is very different from that of the reaction catalyzed by BArF3.
Problematische Abluftbegleitstoffe – Abluftreinigung im Spiegel des Pariser Abkommens
Authors: Rafflenbeul Lutz , Rafflenbeul Rolf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEs werden neue Verfahren zur Abluftreinigung mit verbesserter Ökonomie und geringer Kohlendioxidbildung vorgestellt. Im Fokus steht die Behandlung von besonders problematischen Emissionen in der chemischen und pharmazeutischen Industrie. Hierbei werden besonders Emissionsspeicher beim Batchbetrieb mit Molekularsieben und flexiblem Textilgewebe hervorgehoben. Einschätzungen zu photolytischen Verfahren und Erfahrungswerte aus der Praxis machen den aktuellen Stand eines wesentlichen Teils der BVT‐Abluftreinigungstechnik überschaubar.
Die Geschichte der anthropogenen Metallmobilisierung
Authors: Kippes Thomas , Reller Armin 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungMetalle haben seit der erstmaligen Nutzung durch den Menschen vor vermutlich 7.000 bis 9.000 Jahren stetig an Bedeutung gewonnen. Allein Eisen und Stahl wurden im Jahr 2019 in einer Größenordnung von etwa 3,2 Milliarden Tonnen produziert. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die Entwicklungsgeschichte der anthropogenen Metallnutzung von der Kupferzeit über wichtige Stationen wie die griechische und römische Antike, über die Industrialisierung bis hin zur neuzeitlichen, massenhaften Funktionalisierung aller Metalle des Periodensystems. Das narrative Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf der zunehmenden Verteilung und Mobilisierung von Metallen durch den Menschen, und den damit einhergehenden Überschneidungen geosphärischer und technosphärischer Stoffkreisläufe und deren Auswirkungen.
Numerical simulation on the larger concentration difference characteristics of dense granular jet in a coaxial gas stream
Authors: Zhou Shengyu , Xu Jianliang , Dai Zhenghua , Liu Haifeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work is devoted to the numerical study of particle dispersion prediction of gas–solid coaxial jet with a larger concentration difference. In pulverized coal gasifier, the pulverized coal is very dense at the nozzle outlet, and its volume fraction can reach 0.3. Then, it is dispersed rapidly under the action of high‐speed annular gas, and the particle volume fraction in the space is less than 0.002. In order to better predict the motion characteristics of a gas–solid jet with a high concentration gradient, the applicability of the three models is compared. The results show that the dense discrete phase model (DDPM) and Eulerian two‐fluid model (TFM) models considering particles collision can accurately predict the dense jet flow at low annular gas velocity. The DDPM and discrete phase model (DPM) show a good simulation for the dispersion characteristics of particles at high annular velocities where the particles' collision could be ignored. Therefore, DDPM has better adaptability for coaxial jet with large concentration gradient. The DDPM was used to predict the particle velocity and concentration for different annular gas velocities and different particle mass loads. It is found that particle flow is contracted first and then dispersed gradually under the action of airflow. The particle dispersion range increases with the increase of solid loading rate, and the corresponding radial distribution of particle velocity is greater.
The granulation tissue preservation technique in regenerative periodontal surgery—a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Adam Knut , Günay Hüsamettin , Vaske Bernhard , Flohr Marco , Staufenbiel Ingmar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate if the application of the granulation tissue preservation technique (GTPT) in regenerative therapy of infrabony periodontal defects results in more clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and more radiographic bone gain (RBG) than the conventional resective approach 12 months after surgery.Materials and methodsForty patients exhibiting at least one infrabony defect with a probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥6 mm and a radiographic infrabony component (INFRAX‐ray) ≥3 mm were randomly treated with the GTPT (test group) or the double‐flap approach with resection of the defect‐filling granulation tissue (control group). Enamel matrix derivatives were applied in both groups. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline (t0), 6 months (t1), and 12 months (t2) after surgery. The primary outcome variable was CAL gain between t0 and t2.ResultsWhen all patients were considered, ΔCALt0–t2 did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = .160). Significant PPD reduction (test group: 4.38 ± 1.36 mm; control group: 4.06 ± 2.38 mm), CAL gain (test group: 3.75 ± 1.24 mm; control group: 2.88 ± 2.09 mm), and RBG (test group: 3.06 ± 1.74 mm; control group: 3.27 ± 2.19 mm) were achieved at t2 in both groups. Using multivariate linear regression, PPDt0 and group were identified as variables with the greatest influence on ΔCALt0–t2. PPDt0 and INFRAX‐ray were identified as variables with the greatest influence on RBGt0–t2. Patients with a defect angle >22° showed significantly more CAL gain in the test group (t0–t1: 3.08 ± 1.38 mm; t0–t2: 3.62 ± 0.96 mm) than in the control group (t0–t1: 1.77 ± 1.54 mm; t0–t2: 2.18 ± 1.83 mm).ConclusionsRegarding all patients, the study failed to show significant differences between the test and control groups. However, the GTPT appears to lead to more CAL gain in noncontaining infrabony defects.
Close‐spaced plant arrangement optimizes castor biomass and seed yields in tropical fall–winter conditions
Authors: Kotz‐Gurgacz Tailene E. , Soratto Rogério P. , Guidorizzi Fernando V. C. , Gilabel Amanda P. , Souza Emerson F. C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe high seed yield and optimum harvesting of short‐height castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes have enabled its large‐scale cultivation and introduction in the Brazilian cropping systems. Thus, studies to optimize plant density are essential to adequate plant population since this is the key management to influence castor biomass and seed production. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of plant density by altering plant arrangement (i.e., spacing between and within rows) on growth, biomass production and partitioning, and seed yield of a castor cultivar in fall–winter cropping season. Field experiments were conducted over two seasons in southeastern Brazil. Two close‐spaced (0.45 × 0.23 m and 0.45 × 0.44 m) and a traditional (0.90 × 0.44 m) plant arrangements were tested. Plant arrangements influenced plant growth, biomass production and partitioning, and seed yield. Compared to the traditional layout, close‐spaced plant arrangements resulted in thinner basal stems and lower leaf area per plant, but increased leaf area index. The plant arrangement with higher plant density increased per‐unit area production of stem plus leaf biomass (43–48%), which also resulted in increased (24%) seed yield, compared to traditional layout. Although a greater amount of biomass was partitioned to reproductive organs in close‐spaced plant arrangements, this allocation was not enough to influence the harvest index. Therefore, the adaptive performance of short‐height castor adjusting biomass partitioning to maximize stem plus leaf biomass production and seed yield at close‐spaced plant arrangement demonstrated this to be a suitable option to cultivate in the Brazilian fall–winter season.
Socially responsible human resource management and employee ethical voice: Roles of employee ethical self‐efficacy and organizational identification
Authors: Liao Zhongju , Cheng Jialin , Chen Qian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing social cognitive theory, we examine the relationship between socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) and employees' ethical voice. Our study also explores the mediating role of employees' ethical self‐efficacy and the moderating role of organizational identification. Analysis of data gathered over three separate periods indicates that SRHRM is positively related to employees' ethical voice and that this relationship is mediated by employees' ethical self‐efficacy. Furthermore, employees' organizational identification influences not only the positive relationship between SRHRM and employees' self‐efficacy but also the indirect relationship between SRHRM and ethical voice via ethical self‐efficacy. The findings of this study provide theoretical contributions and managerial implications for SRHRM and ethical voice.
Impact of adaptive natural killer cells, KLRC2 genotype and cytomegalovirus reactivation on late mortality in patients with severe COVID‐19 lung disease
Authors: Jaiswal Sarita Rani , Arunachalam Jaganath , Bhardwaj Ashutosh , Saifullah Ashraf , Lakhchaura Rohit , Soni Mayank , Bhagawati Gitali , Chakrabarti Suparno 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveSARS‐CoV‐2 infection results in severe lung disease in up to 50% of hospitalised patients. The aetiopathogenesis in a subset of such patients, who continue to have progressive pulmonary disease following virus clearance, remains unexplored.MethodsWe investigated the role of NKG2C+/NKG2A− adaptive natural killer (ANK) cells, KLRC2 genotype and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in 22 such patients.ResultsThe median duration of virus positivity was 23 days, and the median duration of hospitalisation was 48 days. The overall survival at 60 days in this group was 50%. Older age and comorbidities impacted survival negatively. CMV viraemia was documented in 11 patients, with a survival of 25% vs 80% in those without viraemia with viral load correlating with mortality. Both NK and T cells were markedly depressed in all patients at day 15. However, only persistently low ANK cells at 30 days along with an inversely high NKG2C−/NKG2A+ inhibitory NK cells significantly correlated with high CMV viraemia and mortality, irrespective of KLRC2 genotype. However, day 30 ANK cells were significantly lower in the KLRC2 deletion group. The release of IFN‐γ and perforin was severely compromised in all patients at day +15, with significant improvement in the survivors at day +30, but not in those with adverse outcome.ConclusionPatients with progressive lung disease even after negative SARS‐CoV‐2 status, with persistently reduced and functionally compromised ANK cells, are more likely to have CMV reactivation and an adverse outcome, independent of KLRC2 genotype.
OMIP 082: A 25‐color phenotyping to define human innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T cells, and γδ T cells from freshly isolated human intestinal tissue
Authors: Doyle Chloe M. , Fewings Nicole L. , Ctercteko Grahame , Byrne Scott N. , Harman Andrew N. , Bertram Kirstie M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe developed a 25‐color flow cytometry panel to comprehensively interrogate innate lymphoid cells (ILC), mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, natural killer (NK) cells and γδ T cells in human tissues. The ability to isolate and interrogate these cells from fresh human tissue is crucial in understanding the role these cells play at immune‐privileged mucosal surfaces like the intestine in health and disease settings. However, liberating these cells from tissue is extremely challenging as many key surface identification markers are susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. Choosing the correct enzyme‐antibody clone combination within a high‐parameter panel is, therefore, a critical consideration. Here, we present a comprehensive, in‐depth analysis of the effect different common digestive enzyme blends have on key surface markers used to identify these cell types. In addition, we compared multiple antibody clones for surface markers that are highly susceptible to enzymatic cleavage, such as CD127 and NKp44, to achieve the most consistent and superior staining patterns among donors.
Nitrification, denitrification, and competition for soilN: Evaluation of twoEarth System Modelsagainst observations
Authors: Nevison Cynthia , Hess Peter , Goodale Christine , Zhu Qing , Vira Julius 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarth System Models (ESMs) have implemented nitrogen (N) cycles to account for N limitation on terrestrial carbon uptake. However, representing inputs, losses, and recycling of N in ESMs is challenging. Here, we use global rates and ratios of key soil N fluxes, including nitrification, denitrification, mineralization, leaching, immobilization, and plant uptake (both NH4+and NO3−), from the literature to evaluate the N cycles in the land model components of two ESMs. The two land models evaluated here, E3SM Land Model version 1 (ELMv1)‐ECA and CLM5.0, originated from a common model but have diverged in their representation of plant–microbe competition for soil N. The models predict similar global rates of gross primary productivity (GPP) but have approximately two‐fold to three‐fold differences in their underlying global mineralization, immobilization, plant N uptake, nitrification, and denitrification fluxes. Both models dramatically underestimate the immobilization of NO3−by soil bacteria compared with literature values and predict dominance of plant uptake by a single form of mineral nitrogen (NO3−for ELM, with regional exceptions, and NH4+for CLM5.0). CLM5.0 strongly underestimates the global ratio of gross nitrification:gross mineralization and both models are likely to substantially underestimate the ratio of nitrification:denitrification. Few experimental data exist to evaluate this last ratio, in part because nitrification and denitrification are quantified using different techniques and because denitrification fluxes are difficult to measure at all. More observational constraints on soil nitrogen fluxes such as nitrification and denitrification, as well as greater scrutiny of the functional impact of introducing separate NH4+and NO3−pools into ESMs, could help to improve confidence in present and future simulations of N limitation on the carbon cycle.
Effects of stand structure and ungulates on understory vegetation in managed and unmanaged forests
Authors: Chevaux Laura , Mårell Anders , Baltzinger Christophe , Boulanger Vincent , Cadet Serge , Chevalier Richard , Debaive Nicolas , Dumas Yann , Gosselin Marion , Gosselin Frédéric , Rocquencourt Agnès , Paillet Yoan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConventional conservation policies in Europe notably rely on the passive restoration of natural forest dynamics by setting aside forest areas to preserve forest biodiversity. However, since forest reserves cover only a small proportion of the territory, conservation policies also require complementary conservation efforts in managed forests in order to achieve the biodiversity targets set up in the Convention on Biological Diversity. Conservation measures also raise the question of large herbivore management in and around set‐asides, particularly regarding their impact on understory vegetation. Although many studies have separately analyzed the effects of forest management, management abandonment, and ungulate pressure on forest biodiversity, their joint effects have rarely been studied in a correlative framework. We studied 212 plots located in 15 strict forest reserves paired with adjacent managed forests in European France. We applied structural equation models to test the effects of management abandonment, stand structure, and ungulate pressure on the abundance, species richness, and diversity of herbaceous vascular plants and terricolous bryophytes. We showed that stand structure indices and plot‐level browsing pressure had direct and opposite effects on herbaceous vascular plant species diversity; these effects were linked with the light tolerance of the different species groups. Increasing canopy cover had an overall negative effect on herbaceous vascular plant abundance and species diversity. The effect was two to three times greater in magnitude than the positive effects of browsing pressure on herbaceous plants diversity. On the other hand, a high stand density index had a positive effect on the species richness and diversity of bryophytes, while browsing had no effect. Forest management abandonment had few direct effects on understory plant communities, and mainly indirectly affected herbaceous vascular plant and bryophyte abundance and species richness and diversity through changes in vertical stand structure. Our results show that conservation biologists should rely on foresters and hunters to lead the preservation of understory vegetation communities in managed forests since, respectively, they manipulate stand structure and regulate ungulate pressure. Their management actions should be adapted to the taxa at stake, since bryophytes and vascular plants respond differently to stand and ungulate factors.
Are saltmarshes younger than mangrove swamps?
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTemperate saltmarshes and tropical mangrove swamps (mangals) are marine‐influenced, productive ecosystems that enhance nutrient transfers between land and sea and facilitate colonization of lineages between terrestrial and marine habitats. Mangals have existed since the late Cretaceous, but the time of origin of saltmarshes is less clear. On the basis of phylogenetic and fossil evidence for plants and molluscs specialized to these ecosystems, I propose that saltmarsh vegetation of angiosperms began during the latest Eocene to Early Oligocene (35–30 Ma), at least 34 m.y. after the origin of mangals. The plants that colonized saltmarshes then and later have mainly temperate origins, contrasting with the tropical‐forest origins of mangroves. Unlike the plants, the few saltmarsh‐specialized molluscs are derived from tropical lineages and reflect recent colonizations. The development of saltmarshes during the Neogene enhanced near shore productivity along temperate and Arctic coastlines.
First insight of genetic diversity, phylogeographic relationships, and population structure of marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis from the eastern and western Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia
Authors: Moussa Maha , Choulak Sarra , Rhouma‐Chatti Soumaya , Chatti Noureddine , Said Khaled 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the strategic localization of Tunisia in the Mediterranean Sea, no phylogeographic study on sponges has been investigated along its shores. The demosponge Chondrosia reniformis, descript only morphologically along Tunisian coasts, was chosen to estimate the influence of natural oceanographic and biogeographic barriers on its genetic differentiation and its Phylogeography. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified and analyzed for 70 Mediterranean Chondrosia reniformis, collected from eight localities in Tunisia. Polymorphism results revealed high values of haplotype diversity (Hd) and very low nucleotide diversity (π). Thus, these results suggest that our sponge populations of C. reniformis may have undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid demographic expansion. This suggestion is strongly confirmed by the results of neutrality tests and “mismatch distribution.” The important number of haplotypes between localities and the high genetic differentiation (Fst ranged from 0.590 to 0.788) of the current C. reniformis populations could be maintained by the limited gene flow Nm (0.10–0.18). Both haplotype Network and the biogeographic analysis showed a structured distribution according to the geographic origin. C. reniformis populations are subdivided into two major clades: Western and Eastern Mediterranean. This pattern seems to be associated with the well‐known discontinuous biogeographic area: the Siculo‐Tunisian Strait, which separates two water bodies circulating with different hydrological, physical, and chemical characteristics. The short dispersal of pelagic larvae of C. reniformis and the marine bio‐geographic barrier created high differentiation among populations. Additionally, it is noteworthy to mention that the “Mahres/Kerkennah” group diverged from Eastern groups in a single sub‐clade. This result was expected, the region Mahres/Kerkennah, presented a particular marine environment.
Toward a conceptual framework for managing and conserving marine habitats: A case study of kelp forests in the Salish Sea
Authors: Hollarsmith Jordan A. , Andrews Kelly , Naar Nicole , Starko Samuel , Calloway Max , Obaza Adam , Buckner Emily , Tonnes Daniel , Selleck James , Therriault Thomas W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKelp forests are in decline across much of their range due to place‐specific combinations of local and global stressors. Declines in kelp abundance can lead to cascading losses of biodiversity and productivity with far‐reaching ecological and socioeconomic consequences. The Salish Sea is a hotspot of kelp diversity where many species of kelp provide critical habitat and food for commercially, ecologically, and culturally important fish and invertebrate species. However, like other regions, kelp forests in much of the Salish Sea are in rapid decline. Data gaps and limited long‐term monitoring have hampered attempts to identify and manage for specific drivers of decline, despite the documented urgency to protect these important habitats. To address these knowledge gaps, we gathered a focus group of experts on kelp in the Salish Sea to identify perceived direct and indirect stressors facing kelp forests. We then conducted a comprehensive literature review of peer‐reviewed studies from the Salish Sea and temperate coastal ecosystems worldwide to assess the level of support for the pathways identified by the experts, and we identified knowledge gaps to prioritize future research. Our results revealed major research gaps within the Salish Sea and highlighted the potential to use expert knowledge for making informed decisions in the region. We found high support for the pathways in the global literature, with variable consensus on the relationship between stressors and responses across studies, confirming the influence of local ecological, oceanographic, and anthropogenic contexts and threshold effects on stressor–response relationships. Finally, we prioritized areas for future research in the Salish Sea. This study demonstrates the value expert opinion has to inform management decisions. These methods are readily adaptable to other ecosystem management contexts, and the results of this case study can be immediately applied to kelp management.