bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sağlık bakımı ilişkili enfeksiyonlarda Staphylococcus aureus dağılımının irdelenmesi: 6 yıllık deneyim
Authors: KAYA KILIÇ Esra , DEMİRCAN Şerife Altun , KINIKLI Sami , CESUR Salih , BÜYÜKDEMİRCİ Ayşe , ATAMAN HATİPOGLU Cigdem , ERDİNÇ Şebnem , TUNCER ERTEM Gunay , YÜCEL Mihriban 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek toplum kaynaklı ve sağlık bakım ilişkili enfeksiyonlara neden olmaktadır. En sık izole edildiği enfeksiyonlar; yara yeri enfeksiyonları, üriner sistem enfeksiyonları, pnömoni, septik artrit, osteomyelit ve sepsistir. Metisiline dirençli S. aureus (MRSA) ilk olarak 1960’larda tanımlanmış olup ve 1980’lerde hastanelerde önemli bir etken haline gelmiştir. Özellikle hastanede yatan hastalarda, sağlık hizmeti kaynaklı enfeksiyonlarda metisiline dirençli S. aureus önemli bir etkendir. Bu çalışmada, sağlık bakım ilişkili S. aureus enfeksiyonlarının ve MRSA izolatlarının altı yıllık dönemde, yıllara göre dağılımı irdelenmiştir. Bu veriler ışığında enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerine ve akılcı antibiyotik kullanımına uyumun değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2016-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında bir üçüncü basamak hastanede yatırılarak izlenen, sağlık bakım ilişkili enfeksiyon tanısı konulan hastalardan izole edilen S. aureus suşlarına ilişkin verilere Enfeksiyon Kontrol Komitesi kayıtlarından ulaşıldı. Altı yıllık dönemde 201 adet S. aureus suşlarının neden olduğu sağlık bakımı ile ilişkili enfeksiyon tanısı konuldu. Sağlık bakımı ile ilişkili S. aureus enfeksiyonlarının tutulum yaptığı organ ve sistemlere göre dağılımları, görüldüğü kliniklere (yoğun bakım ünitesi–servis) ve yıllara göre dağılımları değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Sağlık bakımı ilişkili genel enfeksiyon etkenlerinin yıllara göre dağılımı incelendiğinde; 2016 yılında %1,29 olan oranının yıllar içinde artarak %6,41’e çıktığı saptandı. Servislerde yatırılarak izlenen hastalarda 2020 yılına kadar kümülatif bir artış olduğu izlendi, oranlar yıllara göre sırasıyla; %5, %3,8, %20,3, %25,3, %34,69 ve %17,1 şeklinde saptandı. Yoğun bakım ünitelerindeki (YBÜ) dağılım ise yıllara göre sırasıyla; %3,9, %10,3, %11,9, %19,4, %20 ve %23,5 olarak saptandı. YBÜ’de izlenen sağlık bakım ilişkili S. aureus enfeksiyonlarının yıllar içindeki artışı, servislerde izlenen artışa göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı saptandı (p0,05).
Sonuç: Toplam 6 yıllık dönemde S. aureus’un etken olduğu sağlık bakımı ilişkili enfeksiyon oranlarında yaklaşık beş kat artış saptanmıştır. Ancak, bu artışın MRSA oranlarındaki artış ile korelasyon göstermediği belirlendi. El hijyeni eğitimleri, standart enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerine uyumun artırılması ve akılcı antibiyotik kullanımda iyileştirme sağlanarak bu artışın önüne geçilebileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Ankilozan spondilit tanılı sulfasalazin ve biyolojik ajan kullanan hastaların COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı akciğer tutulumlarının karşılaştırılması
Authors: DOĞAN Murat , KOCAGÜL ÇELİKBAŞ Aysel , BAYKAM Nurcan , DOĞAN Ayşe Gülşen , YAPAR Derya 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ankilozan spondilit tanılı sülfasalazin ve biyolojik ilaç kullanan hastalarda SARS CoV-2 faktörünün neden olduğu akciğer tutulumunu incelemek.
Gereç ve Yöntem: COVID-19 geçirmiş RT-PCR pozitif AS tanısı olan ve en az bir yıldır hastanemizde takibi olan hastaların dosya sistemleri retrospektif olarak gözden geçirildi. AS tanısı alan hastalar sülfasalazin ve biyolojik ajan kullananlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların toraks bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) sonuçları hafif, orta, şiddetli, iki taraflı ve tek taraflı olarak ayrıldı. Veriler ayrıca hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 58 hastanın 26’sı biyolojik ajan, 32’si sülfasalazin alıyordu. DMARD kullanan hastalardan 17’si adalimumab, 4’ü etanercept, 2’si golimumab, 2’si sertolizumab ve 1’i infliximab kullanıyordu. AS grubundaki 13 hastada toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisinde SARS CoV-2 nedeniyle akciğer tutulumu vardı. 9’u erkek, 4’ü kadın olan hastaların COVID-19 nedeniyle hastaneye yatırıldığı görüldü. 10 hastada her iki akciğerde de COVID-19’a bağlı tutulum saptandı.
Sonuç: otoimmün ve inflamatuar romatizmal hastalıklarda kullanılan immünomodülatör tedavilerin COVID-19 seyrini olumlu ya da olumsuz etkileyeceği henüz bilinmemektedir. Bizim çalışmamızda sulfasalazin ve biyolojik ajan kullanan AS tanılı hastalarda COVID-19 hafif semptomlarla seyretmiştir.
RELEVANCE OF INTERACTIVE MARKETING PRACTICES FOR ENHANCING MARKET PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF SOFT DRINK MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN KIGALI CITY
Authors: Nimusima Pereez , Kamukama Nixon , Kalibwani Rebecca , Rwakihembo John 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The digital environment today has presented a great challenge for companies, locally and internationally on how they can leverage interactive marketing practices to maintain a warm relationship with their clients. The endless shifts in the customer journey map have made it, not only hard to manage customer experience, but also become more unpredictable. In due course, the imperative of complying with technology forces, to leverage customer patronage has put marketers to the task. The objective of the study was to establish the effect of interactive marketing practices on market performance of soft drink enterprises in Kigali City.
Methodology: The study implemented a two-phase methodology that converged quantitative and qualitative methods to collect data. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 322 enterprises producing soft drinks in Kigali City which were later investigated using a self-report questionnaire and interview guide. To reduce the effect of the methods, the study collected evidence from both primary and secondary sources. Based on the response rate of 78%, the study carried out a validity and reliability check on 253 responses and used Pearson correlations and AMOS for analysis.
Findings: The study established a positive and significant relationships between interactive marketing practices and market performance (r=.267, p<.01). 6.7% variations in market performance (Adjusted R Square=.067) was explained by interactive marketing practices. This finding shows that interactive marketing practices are relevant for soft drink firms in the region.
Recommendation: On the basis of confirmed relationships, the study recommends that firms disseminate their marketing information using interactive marketing practices, since they cater for individual customer information needs and have multiplier effect on their purchase behaviour. Whereas the mixed conceptual ambiguities that still exist in literature could have affected the conceptualization and therefore results, this study also merely tested direct relationships, future studies may seek to test mechanisms through which specific Interactive Marketing Practices influence performance in a none soft drink sector.
Injury mechanisms and injury severity scores as determinants of urban terrorism-related thoracoabdominal injuries
Authors: Öztürk Aykut , Şenocak Rahman , Kaymak Şahin , Hançerlioğulları Oğuz , Utku Çelik Süleyman , Zeybek Nazif 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Improving the care of injuries resulting from terrorist attacks requires understanding injury mechanisms in armed conflicts. The aim of this study was to identify injury characteristics in military personnel with thoracoabdominal combat injuries resulting from terrorist attacks in urban settings.
Material and Methods: A retrospective study of military personnel with thoracoabdominal injuries who were referred to a tertiary center after treating and stabilizing at a primary healthcare organization due to terror-related injuries in various urban regions of Turkey between June 2015 and December 2016 was performed.
Results: A total of 70 patients were included in this study, of whom 87.1% were injured by explosives and 12.9% (n= 9) had gunshot wounds (GSWs). Mean injury severity score (ISS) was 21, blood transfusion amount was 3.7 units, and mortality rate was 8.5%. Patients injured by explosives had most commonly abdominal and extremity injuries (31.1%), whereas isolated abdominal injuries (55.6%) were observed among patients with GSWs. There were no significant differences between the mechanisms of injuries and the ISS, blood transfusion, and mortality (p= 0.635, p= 0.634, and p= 0.770, respectively). A significant correlation was observed between the ISS and transfusion amounts (r= 0.548, p< 0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in those with a high ISS and those undergoing massive blood transfusions (p= 0.004 and p< 0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: Explosive injuries, concomitant vascular injuries, high ISS, and the need for massive transfusions increased the mortality rate in urban combat injuries. To quickly identify high-risk patients and improve the care of injuries, it is essential to use predictive models or scoring systems.
XV Y.Y. - XIX Y.Y. OSMANLI DÖNEMİ KÜTAHYA ÇİNİLERİ
Authors: KILIÇ Hadiye 
Published: March 2022

Kütahya, Türk çini ve seramik sanatında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Kütahya çiniciliği her devir farklı bir seyir izlemiştir. 15. yy. ve 19. yy. arası Kütahya çiniciliğinin en önemli dönemleridir. 14. yy. sonlarında çamur ve sır yapısı ile Selçuklu dönemi karakterini yansıtmakta, 15.yy’da ise Erken Osmanlı etkisi görülmektedir. Desenlerde lacivert, mor gibi renklerin ağırlıklı kullanımı ile üretilen çinilerin yanı sıra mavi-beyaz adı verilen ve İznik Çini üretimleri ile özdeşleşen çinilerin Kütahya’da da üretilmiş olduğuna dair örnekler bulunmaktadır. 16.yy’da ise bu grup ürünlerin yanında çok renkli ve yerel kompozisyonlara sahip, günlük kullanıma yönelik seramiklerin ve süs eşyalarının yapıldığı görülmektedir. Kütahya, 16. yy. ve 17. yy. arasında saray siparişlerine yetişemeyen İznik’e yardımcı olmuş ve bu sayede ikinci bir çini merkezi haline gelmiştir. 17.yy’da daha önce kullanılan form ve desenler giderek zenginleşmiş, Kütahya’nın kendine has desen özellikleri belirginleşmiştir.
19. yy. sonuna doğru çini üretiminde durgunluk devresi yaşanmış fakat Cumhuriyet döneminden sonra gelişiminde hız kazandığı görülmüştür. Kütahya çiniciliği en başta toplumsal, teknolojik değişimler ve ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda gelişimine yön vermiştir. Günümüzde Kütahya çiniciliği, teknik donanıma sahip, endüstriyel ağırlıklı çok sayıda atölye ve işletmelerle yaşamına devam etmekteyse de kendine has üsluplarından uzaklaşmış durumdadır.
Bu çalışmada Kütahya Çiniciliğinin önemli evreleri olan 15.yy. ve 19.yy. tarihleri arası incelenmiştir. Çiniler devirlere göre renk, desen ve kompozisyonları açısından değerlendirilmiş, ayrıca kullanılan çamur ve sır yapısı incelenmiştir. Günümüzde Kütahya çiniciliğinin son durumu hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve Kütahya Çiniciliğinin gelişmesi için yapılması gereken esaslar ele alınarak çözüm önerileri sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
EKSPLORASI ZAT WARNA ALAMI BATIK DALAM KONTEKS WARNA TRADISI ETNIK DI SABAH
Authors: Baeren Erren Jossie , Jusilin Humin 
Published: March 2022

Warna tradisi telah wujud melalui beberapa penceritaan mitos berdasarkan peristiwa yang berlaku pada zaman dahulu dan diturunkan secara lisan. Pewarnaan alam iaitu bersumberkan alam semula jadi telah dipergiatkan dalam kalangan etnik di Sabah khususnya dalam kraf tangan. Justeru, pelbagai metode dan campuran bahan alam diadunkan bagi menghasilkan pelbagai warna mengikut tempat dan etnik yang mendukungnya. Objektif kajian ini tertumpu kepada eksplorasi tumbuh-tumbuhan yang berpontensi dalam penghasilan warna dalam kegiatan batik di Sabah. Dalam penyelidikan ini, eksperimentasi dilakukan secara sistematik yang melibatkan proses awal sehingga akhir untuk mendapatkan eksperimen warna. Bahan-bahan dalam eksperimen ini melibatkan tekstil, bahan alam dan bahan penguncian (pemati) warna. Eksperimen ini melalui tiga tahap, iaitu bermula dengan proses mordanting, mengekstrak bahan alam dan penguncian warna (fixing). Penyelidik seterusnya menjalankan uji kaji terhadap zat warna tumbuhan terhadap kesan warna yang terhasil pada tesktil (kain). Bahan penguncian (pemati) warna yang digunakan adalah seperti tawas (Al2SO4), tunjung (FeSO4) kapur (CaCO3), sodium silicate, daun betik dan limau nipis. Penyelidikan melalui Research and Development (R&D) diusahakan untuk membantu penyelidik dan penggiat seni agar mengetahui sejauh mana tahap kualiti warna alami dalam kajian ini dapat dijadikan produk yang berpotensi dalam bidang pewarnaan.

The tradition colour has come through several historical stories based on events that have occurred in ancient times and passed down orally. The natural colour from natural resources has been intensified among ethnic groups in Sabah, especially in handicrafts. Hence, various methods and mixes of natural resources are blended to produce a variety of colours according to the places and ethnicities that support them. The objective of this study is focused on the exploration of plants that have the potential to produce natural colour for batik in Sabah. In this research, experiments were performed systematically involving the initial process until the final process for obtaining colour experiment. The main materials on this experiment are textiles, natural resources and fixing colour. The experiment is conducted through three stages, starting with the mordanting process, extracting natural resources and fixing the colour. The researchers then conducted experiments of natural colour on the colour effects produced on the textile. The fixing colour that has been used such as tawas (Al2SO4), tunjung (FeSO4), kapur (CaCO3), sodium silicate, papaya leaves and lime. Research through Research and Development (R&D) is aimed at assisting researchers and artistic activists to find out the quality of natural colour in this research can be used as potential products in colouring field.
Isu Pemilikan Wilayah Pantai Timur Sabah: Satu Penelusuran Daripada Sudut Sumber Sejarah
Authors: Joko Eko Prayitno 
Published: March 2022

Trouillot menyatakan permainan kekuasaan dalam penyusunan ceritacerita alternatif diawali dengan penciptaan fakta mahupun sumber sejarah (1995). Keadaan ini disebabkan penghasilan sesuatu penulisan sejarah sangat bergantung harap kepada keberadaan sumber-sumber institusional yang dikendalikan oleh negara, sama ada pada era kolonial mahupun semasa pascakolonial. Hasilnya, sesuatu peristiwa itu dapat dilihat dalam dua dimensi yang berbeza, iaitu sejarah tentang â€˜apa yang terjadiâ€™ dan â€˜apa yang dikatakan terjadi.â€™ Perkara ini jelas terlihat apabila kita menelusuri sejarah penyerahan wilayah utara Borneo daripada Kesultanan Brunei kepada Kesultanan Sulu yang sememangnya jarang ditekankan dalam penulisan sejarah Sabah. Walhal, peristiwa ini memainkan peranan penting dalam konteks pembentukan geopolitik moden Sabah. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak mudah merungkaikan secara tepat berkenaan peristiwa yang terjadi memandangkan Kesultanan Brunei acapkali menafikan berlakunya penyerahan wilayah utara Borneo kepada Kesultanan Sulu (Tarsilah Brunei II: 1997). Pada masa yang sama pula, Kesultanan Sulu tetap dengan pendirian mereka bahawa telah berlakunya penyerahan tersebut bersandarkan Perjanjian 1878 antara Overbeck dengan Sultan Jamal Al-Alam (Graham Irwin: 1986). Justeru, penulisan ini bukan bertujuan untuk memberikan jawapan kebenaran berkenaan penyerahan wilayah utara Borneo kepada Kesultanan Sulu, sebaliknya hanya menampilkan sumber-sumber sedia ada yang merangkumi penulisan Barat, Kesultanan Sulu, Kesultanan Brunei dan Kesultanan Bulungan.

Trouillot had percepted ‘the game of power in the arrangement of alternative stories began with the creation of facts and/or historical source’ (1995). This condition is caused by a creation of certain historical writings which is very dependent with the whereabout of institutional sources handled by a country, either from the colonial era or post-colonial. For the result, certain event can be perceived in two different dimensions; history about ‘what happens’ and ‘what is said had happened’. This matter is obviously stated when we went down the history of the capitulation of the northern region of Borneo by the Brunei Sultanate to the Sulu Sultanate, which is rarely pressed in the writings of the history of Sabah. Although, the event plays an important role in the context of the formation of modern geo-politics of Sabah. However, it is not easy to precisely elaborate about the actual event considering the Brunei Sultanate often denied the occurrence of capitulation of the northern region of Borneo to the Sulu Sultanate (Tarsilah Brunei II; 1997). At the same time, the cession is based on agreement 1878 between Overbeck and Sultan Jamal Al-Alam (Graham Irwin; 1986). Moreover, the making of this writing is not to give the true answer about the capitulation of the northern region of Borneo to the Sulu Sultanate, but only to present the current sources which include the Western, Sulu Sultanate, Brunei Sultanate and Bulungan Sultanate writings.
ESTIMATING THE IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN R&D AND FDI ON THE CHANGES IN COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE: THE CASE OF ASEANÂ­5 MANUFACTURING EXPORTS 1991â€“2013
Authors: Aida Noh Noor , Azman Aziz Mukhriz Izraf , Hock Eam Lim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There are extensive studies available identifying the determinants of comparative advantage including in the ASEANÂ­5 countries. However, knowing only the determinants of comparative advantage is not sufficient as the determinants of changes in comparative advantage also need to be identified. Different or similar drivers may be involved in the changes in comparative advantage. From the perspective of changes in comparative advantage, further insights can be obtained since it is largely ignored in the previous studies. This paper analyses the changes of comparative advantage on ASEANÂ­5 manufacturing exports over the period from 1991 to 2013 using Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index for manufacturing export commodities at the three-digit level of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). There are 215 commodities covering all the ASEANÂ­5â€™ manufactured goods. Results revealed significant effects of changes R&D and FDI on the changes of comparative advantage in the ASEANÂ­5. It was shown that R&D and FDI are important in increasing the comparative advantage of manufacturing commodities. These findings incur important policy implications that include helping the identification of product specialisation for enhancing competitiveness and promoting economic growth.
KECERDASAN EMOSI (EI) DAN PERBEZAAN GENDER DALAM PEKERJAAN
Authors: NASRIN NOORAJAMSHA , MORSHIDI AZIZAN H 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK
Faktor Kecerdasan Emosi (EI) sering dikaitkan dengan gender di tempat kerja. Stereotaip yang sering dikaitkan dengan perempuan adalah kemampuan menguruskan emosi yang lebih baik daripada lelaki. Kajian lepas menunjukkan terdapat banyak penemuan berbeza yang menunjukkan sememangnya gender adalah berbeza secara signifikan dalam EI. Maka, kajian yang dijalankan telah mengenal pasti jika terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dan pengaruh EI dalam kalangan gender. Teknik persampelan yang digunakan adalah persampelan bertujuan dengan memilih organisasi bertaraf Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). Sampel kajian terdiri dalam kalangan kakitangan awam di Jabatan Perkhidmatan Komputer Negeri, Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Model Kecerdasan Emosi Goleman (2001) sebagai asas untuk memahami EI. Dapatan kajian yang diperoleh dijelaskan secara deskriptif dan dihuraikan secara induktif bagi mengukuhkan kefahaman berkenaan kajian.
ABSTRACT
Emotional intelligence (EI) often associated with gender at the workplace. The stereotype which has always been associated with women is their ability to manage emotions better than men. Previous studies have shown that there are many different findings that show that gender is significantly different in EI. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify whether gender imposes significant differences and effect of EI. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling by selecting the MSC-rated organization. The research sample consists of civil servants in the State Computer Services Department, Sabah. This study adopts Goleman's Emotional Intelligence Model approach (2001) as the basis for understanding EI. The findings of the research were descriptively described and inductively interpreted to further understand the study conducted.
Impact of saltwater intrusion on relation to fruit growing households in Ben Tre, Vietnam
Authors: Truc Ngo Thi Thanh , Thuc Le Vinh 
Published: March 2022

Purpose. Saltwater intrusion affected seriously the livelihood of mangosteen growers in Ben Tre, a coastal province in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta in 2016. This study assesses how saltwater intrusion influenced the livelihood vulnerability of the mangosteen households and communities.
Methodology / approach. This study used the United Nations’ Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and a similar index from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) using data from 196 interviewed mangosteen growers in Cho Lach district, Ben Tre province in 2016 and 2018. A total of twenty-five (25) indicators are applied to calculate the two indices, using data as exposure to saltwater intrusion and natural hazards (5), socio-demographic factors (11), and sensitivity of health, finance, and source of water for domestic use (9).
Results. The analysis results show that mangosteen-growing households had a medium vulnerability in 2016 and 2018 based on both indices. However, they were extremely vulnerable due to saltwater intrusion in 2016, and a high household percentage had a moderate value in the vulnerability index. They did not experience how to respond to saltwater intrusion and received a late warning on saltwater intrusion from the local authorities and media. However, mangosteen-growing households had a quick adaptive behavior to shift to new crops to improve their income in 2018.
Originality / scientific novelty. The study provides a set of indicators to assess the vulnerability of this low-vulnerable area based on past studies as well as the actual situation of the study area in 2016 and 2018 to determine what factors influenced the main components, LVI and LVI – IPCC. These indicators represented the characteristics of the rural households in Vietnam and other Asian countries. This research also indicated how LVI and LVI – IPCC results differently and when they should be used. The analysis identified the factors influencing the LVI and LVI – IPCC by levels of saltwater intrusion in different years of 2016 and 2018, two different severe and less severe sites, adaptive and non-adaptive households, and their interaction.
Practical value / implications. LVI and LVI-IPCC are good indicators for local and regional assessments on how saltwater intrusion and natural hazards affect households’ and communities’ livelihood and thereby how to guide them to respond promptly in such cases.