bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking the Cloth: Social Norms and Elite Cues Increase Support for Masks among White Evangelical Americans
Authors: Adida Claire L. , Cottiero Christina , Falabella Leonardo , Gotti Isabel , Ijaz ShahBano , Phillips Gregoire , Seese Michael F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the CDC and the WHO have recommended face masks as key to reducing viral transmission. Yet, in the USA, as the first wave erupted in the Summer of 2020, one-fifth of individuals said they wore masks at most “some of the time”, and a majority said that people in their community wore masks at most “some of the time”. What strategies most effectively encourage compliance with this critical COVID-19 prevention measure? Relying on social identity theory, we experimentally assess two possible mechanisms of compliance, elite endorsement, and social norms, among a representative sample of white US-born Evangelicals, a group that has shown resistance to prevention measures. We find evidence for both mechanisms, but social norms play a remarkably important role – increasing support for mask-wearing by 6% with spillover effects on other prevention guidelines. Our findings confirm the role that appeals to norms and elite endorsements play in shaping individual behavior and offer lessons for public health messaging.
Ionospheric Feedback and ULF Quarter‐Waves
Authors: Streltsov Anatoly V. , Mishin Evgeny V. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper presents results from the numerical investigation of nonlinear feedback interactions between ULF field‐aligned currents (FACs) and the ionospheric plasma in the global magnetospheric resonator with a non‐symmetrical distribution of the plasma density in the conjugate hemispheres. The density asymmetry is enhanced by the introduction of the ionospheric valley in the hemisphere where the plasma density is already lower. The main result from this study is that in the non‐symmetrical resonator, the ionospheric feedback mechanism, driven by the electric field with the maximum amplitude of 50 mV/m, develops nonlinear, intense, small‐scale upward currents with a characteristic quarter‐wavelength structure along the ambient magnetic field. The frequency of these waves is two times less than the fundamental frequency of the symmetrical resonator. The ionospheric valleys, which are depletions of the plasma density between the ionospheric E and F regions, enhance this effect, by reducing the effective ionospheric conductivity. This effect is important for the interpretation of ground, satellite, and sounding rocket observations of ULF waves and FACs in the auroral and subauroral geospace.
Flinn Awarded established
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

A new AGU award has been established to recognize the “unsung” people who through their roles as facilitators and coordinators contribute to the advancement of scientific research. The award is named for the late Edward A. Flinn III in honor of his exemplary service to the worldwide geophysics community.The first Flinn Award will be presented at the 1991 Spring Meeting banquet in Baltimore. Nominations of candidates should be sent by February 1 to Sean Solomon, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.
Hydrological research basins and the environment
Authors: Alley V. M. , Warmerdam P. M. M. 
Published: September 2022

The role and relative importance of experimental and representative basins in pre‐dieting anthropogenic effects on water resources and the environment was the goal of the International Conference on Hydrological Research Basins and the Environment, held in Wageningen, the Netherlands, September 24–28, 1990. About 70 persons, almost exclusively from Europe, attended the meeting, which was organized by the Committee of the European Network of Experimental and Representative Basins and the National Committee of the Netherlands for the International Hydrological Program of Unesco.During the conference, the 3rd General Meeting of the European Network of Experimental and Representative Basins was held. This network of basins, covering nine countries in Europe, organizes periodic meetings and tries to enhance the compatibility of observations and methods of analysis, and to implement research projects of common interest.
Granite Symposia and Working Groups
Authors: Miller Calvin 
Published: September 2022

In addition to the Hutton Symposium on Granites and Related Rocks to be held in Canberra, Australia, Sept. 23–28, 1991, two other international symposia on granitoids will take place during 1991: the inaugural meeting and field excursion of the proposed IGCP project Rapakivi Granites and Related Rocks, to be held in Helsinki, Finland, July 29–August 4, and Granites and Geodynamics, to be held in Moscow, August 6–9.Contacts for these meetings are: Hutton Symposium, Bruce Chappell, Dept. of Geology, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Rapakivi Granites, Ilmari Haapala or Tapani Ramo, Dept. of Geology, Division of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Helsinki, Snelmaninkatu 5, 60170 Helsinki 17, Finland.Melt segregation and migration in partly molten rocks will be the topic of a special session at the Geological Association/Mineralogical Association of Canada meeting in Toronto, May 27–29, 1991.
AGU honored for Antarctic book
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

AGU has won an honorable mention award at the Fifteenth Annual Awards Program for Excellence in Professional and Scholarly Publishing sponsored by the Association of American Publishers for the book Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. The book is part of AGU's Antarctic Research Series, an outgrowth of research done during the International Geophysical Year that was begun in 1963 with a grant from the National Science Foundation.The award was presented at the AAP Annual Awards Dinner on February 6 at the Ritz‐Carlton Hotel in Washington, D.C. The award consists of a medallion and a plate on which the names of the publisher, title, and authors are engraved.
Atmospheric electricity
Authors: Beasley William 
Published: September 2022

Traditionally, research in atmospheric electricity, or perhaps more properly, atmospheric electrodynamics, has covered a broad range of topics, including the global electrical circuit, middle and upper atmosphere electrodynamics, thunderstorm electrification, lightning, and fair weather electrical properties. However, during the last few years, research in mesoscale meteorology and atmospheric chemistry has increasingly begun to take into account the factors of storm electrification, lightning, and chemical production by discharges.Several observational campaigns during the last few years have used rockets and balloons to investigate the electrodynamics of the middle and upper atmosphere. (The middle atmosphere comprises the stratosphere, roughly 12–50 km altitude, and the mesophere, roughly 50–90 km altitude.) One recent discovery is a previously unknown fair‐weather source of electric field and current in the stratosphere in middle latitudes [Holzworth, 1989]. The electric field has a magnitude of tens of millivolts per meter (mV/m), with daily variation and horizontal direction that rotate with the local inertial gravity‐wave period (typically 15–18 hours at middle latitudes). This field does not have a known source, such as thunderstorms or some ionospheric phenomenon; the source may be a result of electrodynamic coupling between ions and neutral molecules in the atmosphere.
Impact of sea‐level rise assessed
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

Coastal erosion, flooding of low‐lying coastal areas, disruption of ecosystems, probable population relocation, and economic loss are some consequences of projected relative sea‐level rise. The term includes both the rise anticipated to result from global warming and other factors, and the rise from local tectonic subsidence. Some specific sites were discussed at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, held in Washington, D.C., February 14–19.In comparing the New York City and eastern Mediterranean coasts, Victor Goldsmith of Hunter College, New York, presented a case for stabilization versus retreat of coastal areas, dependent on the geologic terrane and on the degree of development. The 578‐mile New York City coastline is considered “hard,” meaning some sort of cement structure, such as roads, jetties, or piers, separates the water from the coast. It is also an area of many beaches that are not natural, but that have been built up and maintained by the process of sand nourishment over the past 50 years. The Rockaway peninsula, for example, has received more than 12 million cubic yards of sand between 1926 and 1962 in response to the measured sea‐level rise of 30 cm in the last 100 years from downwarping of the wide continental shelf, said Goldsmith. Because land is highly developed and expensive in this area, retreat is not a practical option. Goldsmith suggests that the effects of on‐going sea‐level rise, at rates of about 1 foot per century, can be offset by continued hardening of the New York City coastline and beach nourishment where necessary.
NOAA seeks healthy budget
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

The small, crowded room of the House side of the U.S. Capitol building belied the large budget of $1,611,991,000 requested for Fiscal Year 1992 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. John A. Knauss, Undersecretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, U.S. Department of Commerce, delivered his testimony on February 28 before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies. He told the subcommittee that the budget “attempts to balance the two goals of maintaining NOAA's position as an important science agency and addressing the serious budget problems that the government continues to face.”Climate and global change, modernization of the National Weather Service, and the Coastal Ocean Science program are NOAA's three ongoing, high‐priority initiatives that the budget addresses. Also, three additional initiatives—a NOAA‐wide program to improve environmental data management, President Bush's multiagency Coastal America initiative, and a seafood safety program administered jointly by NOAA and the Food and Drug Administration—are addressed.
Status of hydrology examined by NRC
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

“The central role of water in the evolution and operation of the Earth system provides a rationale for seeing hydrologic science as a geoscience of stature equal to that of the atmospheric ocean, and solid Earth sciences.” This is the theme of the recently released National Research Council's report, Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences.The report was prepared for NRC by the Committee on Opportunities in the Hydrologic Sciences. Frank Press, chairman of NRC, said the report is “intended to help guide science and educational policy decisions and to provide a scientific framework and educational policy for scientists, educators, and students making career plans.”
Theis papers donated to UNM
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The scientific and personal papers of the late C. V. Theis have been donated to the University of New Mexico by the U.S. Geological Survey and Theis's daughter, Marilyn Lewis. The collection will be housed in the Center for Southwest Research, formerly the Special Collections Department, of the UNM General Library.The university expressed a strong interest in the material because so much of it relates to the water resources of New Mexico and because of Theis's long association with the university as research associate, adjunct professor, and senior official of the Geological Survey, which was housed on the campus for many years. Although Theis was known principally for his contributions to groundwater hydraulics, his publications included papers on evaporation, terrestrial heat flow, and other subjects.
Response
Authors: Kaula William M. , Anderson Don L. 
Published: September 2022

Singer's comments appear to misinterpret, or miss the emphasis of, several points in our article.1) He infers that we advocate “raising energy taxes or … directly enforcing conservation.” There are no explicit statements thereof in our article. The main thrust of the criticized item was that the public should be more aware and have a greater spirit of cooperation. We do feel that it is desirable that the public be better informed—something to which the AGU can contribute—entirely aside from governmental compulsion, something which is not AGU's business.
NSF's role in Antarctic environment scrutinized
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

In the last few years, the National Science Foundation has come under criticism by environmental groups for inadequate stewardship in the U.S. Antarctic Program's environmental issues. Since 1978, NSF was given full responsibility, by Executive Order, for budgeting and managing the entire U.S. national program in Antarctica, including logistics support. NSF has also been responsible for the compliance of the U.S. Antarctic Program with environmental protection measures agreed to by the Antarctic Treaty nations.Specifically under fire by environmentalists have been NSF's maintenance of a land‐fill, open‐air burning of solid waste, and the removal of toxic substances. According to Peter E. Wilkniss, director of the Division of Polar Programs at NSF, open burning is no longer taking place and will not be allowed in the future.
Note from the section president
Authors: Spiess Fred 
Published: September 2022

The new, less formal Section News format for Eos provides an opportunity to initiate discussions and provide information about the affairs and operations of our section. I intend to take advantage of this with occasional “Notes from the President,” which I hope will stimulate responses from readers. To facilitate communication in general, I urge any of you who have ideas that might be useful to use our Executive Committee Telemail address, OC.EXEC, as a comment/suggestion box.The change of Eos format and editorial approach itself makes a good first topic. Among other things, in order to make the Union's weekly newspaper more timely and of more general interest, the new approach discourages long articles for limited audiences. At the same time, by including space every week for short, section‐related items, it is hoped that response times for bringing out new ideas will be improved. Our section has felt the result of the change more directly than others, since it meant the demise of the predictable, monthly Oceanography Report, which often consisted of longer items of interest primarily to groups within a part of the Ocean Sciences.
Volcanism and global change conference set for 1992
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

Papers are solicited for the AGU Chapman Conference on Climate, Volcanism, and Global Change, to be held March 23–27, 1992, in Hilo, Hawaii. Conference conveners are Stephen Self, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Richard P. Turco, University of California, Los Angeles.Papers should focus on areas related to volcanic eruption dynamics and geochemistry, dispersion and removal of volcanogenic aerosols, effects on the atmosphere and climate, and signatures in sediments, ice cores, and tree rings. The conference will bring together a broad range of geophysicists whose research or interests involve volcanic eruptions and their impact. Results obtained from investigations of the El Chichón 1982 event and its aftermath are of particular interest for sessions dedicated to this specific, well‐documented atmospheric perturbation.
Flawed GOES satellite discussed in Senate
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

The near‐crisis situation caused by technical problems with the GOES‐7 satellite recently caused the Senate to express a willingness to provide $110 million to the Hughes Space and Communications Group to deliver a satellite quickly. The plan would involve a presidential declaration of emergency to either build a simpler satellite or purchase one currently being built by Hughes for Japan.In an unprecedented action, a special hearing on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's GOES program was called by the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations on July 10.
U.S. policy on CO2 reduction criticized
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: September 2022

In a recent Congressional hearing, members of the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee criticized the United States for failing to take action to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, despite scientific evidence that the greenhouse gas contributes to global warming. The Committee met July 17 to review technologies and strategies for addressing global warming.Following close on the heels of a pronouncement by British environment secretary Michael Heseltine, reported in the July 14 issue of the Washington Post, that Britain will no longer automatically side with the United States on the global warming issue, committee chairman George E. Brown, Jr. (D‐Calif.) said that “while many industrialized nations have adopted specific targets and timetables for curbing carbon dioxide emissions, the United States has resisted such an approach, which has resulted in a degree of isolation between our government and other major industrialized nations.”
Geophysical Atlas of North Atlantic
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

A new resource, Geophysical Atlas of the North Atlantic Between 50 and 72°N and 0 and 65°W, by S. P. Srivastava, D. Voppel, and B. E. Tucholke has been published by Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg, Germany. The atlas consists of a series of colored maps depicting magnetic and gravitational anomalies and sediment thicknesses. Projection is Mercator, with a scale of one in two million.The atlas also includes a copy of the GEBCO bathymetric map 5.04, showing magnetic lineations on the back of the map; this was specially printed for the atlas by the Canadian Hydrographic Office, Ottawa.
New ONR research initiative announced
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The Office of Naval Research announces a new Accelerated Research Initiative (ARI) on the electromagnetic properties of sea ice. The ARI is sponsored by the Ocean Optics, Remote Sensing, Arctic Sciences, Systems and Electromagnetic Theory, and Mathematics Programs. Funding in the FY1993–FY1997 time frame will support innovative research on sea ice interaction with electromagnetic radiation from the microwave through the ultraviolet.The ARI's goals are: to understand the mechanisms and processes that relate the electromagnetic properties of sea ice to its physical and morphological characteristics; to exploit this understanding to develop and verify predictive models of electromagnetic radiation interaction with sea ice; and to develop and verify mathematical inverse scattering theory using electromagnetic observables to reconstruct sea ice history geophysical properties. A balanced program of theory, laboratory, and Arctic field work is anticipated. The field work will be coordinated with the ONR Arctic Sciences Geodesic Underice Tramway System.
Spring 1991 Meeting outstanding paper
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The Ocean Sciences Committee has presented Andreas Münchow with the Outstanding Student Paper award for a presentation given at the AGU 1991 Spring Meeting, held in Baltimore May 28–31. The award‐winning paper was titled “Implications of Observed Froude, Rossby, and Burger Numbers in a Buoyancy‐Driven Coastal Current.”The outflow of buoyant waters from major estuaries affects the dynamics of inner continental shelves profoundly. Münchow's paper investigated the the density and velocity field which results from the Delaware Bay outflow on the shelf. The paper presents important dynamical parameters of the flow that will guide future modeling.
Magellan data released on PDS node
Authors: Dale‐Bannister Mary A. , Arvidson Raymond E. 
Published: September 2022

This report summarizes the availability of the Magellan data sets archived by the Planetary Data System Geosciences Node and outlines the charter and duties of the Node. Additional notes will be published in Eos as data sets of wide interest are made available to the community through the Geosciences Node.NASA's Planetary Data System (PDS) is a distributed archive and distribution system in which planetary data and documentation are maintained in direct association with the science community [Lee, 1991]. PDS is managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The PDS Geosciences Node serves the needs of investigators in the planetary geology and geophysics and extraterrestrial materials communities.
PICES members endure aftershocks at Third Annual Meeting
Authors: Wooster W. S. 
Published: September 2022

On October 15–24, 1994, little more than a week after a major earthquake (8.2) struck just 90 km to the east, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) held its Third Annual Meeting in Nemuro, northern Hokkaido, Japan. The conference center where the meeting was to be held suffered significant damage, but thanks to the prodigious efforts of the people of Nemuro, we convened in the city library and neighboring buildings. More than 200 participants from Canada, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia, and the United States experienced daily aftershocks, as they discussed major scientific questions of the subarctic Pacific ocean.Many of the papers presented concerned the impact of climate‐scale variations in atmospheric and oceanic conditions on ecosystems of the region. A series of review papers on oceanography of the subarctic Pacific introduced a workshop, cosponsored by the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, that led to recommendations for monitoring changes in both physical forcing and ecosystem response.
Ceara rise sediments document ancient climate change
Authors:   Leg 154 Scientific Party
Published: September 2022

Cores of deep ocean sediment taken from the Ceara Rise located off the coast of Brazil promise to provide important clues to global climate change and ocean circulation over past eras of geological history. In early 1994, scientists working on Leg 154 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) recovered sediment cores from 5 sites on this feature rising 2 km above the abyssal plain in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1).Measurements of the sediment samples indicate a steady decrease in the carbonate content of the sediments after 4.5 Ma, presumably reflecting an increased weathering in the Amazon drainage basin as the Earth's climate evolved and late Pleistocene glaciations became more severe.
Geophysical science in the 1996 Budget: NSF gets qualified good news
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: September 2022

The Clinton Administration is seeking a 3% hike for the National Science Foundation (NSF) in FY 1996. NSF Director Neal Lane characterized the $3.36 billion request as “good news in tight times.” The request, which represents the smallest increase proposed by any recent president, would essentially keep funding flat in real dollars.However, money within the NSF budget for research and related activities would see a roughly 8% or $174 million increase. Within this $2.45 billion account, NSF is also giving a high priority to supporting individuals and small research groups. This increase would be offset by cuts in education and research facility construction. In the geosciences, NSF estimates that the funding rate for competitive awards would be frozen at about 35% in FY 1996. Both the median and average annuated award size would increase by about 4% to $65,000 and $87,500, respectively.