bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from leaf and petiole explants of endangered Euryodendron excelsum
Authors: Xiong Yuping , Chen Shuangyan , Wu Teng , Wu Kunlin , Li Yuan , Zhang Xinhua , da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira , Zeng Songjun , Ma Guohua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEuryodendron excelsum H.T. Chang is a rare and endangered woody plant endemic to China. It is very important to conserve and propagate this species from extinction. In this study, leaves and petioles from the axillary shoots in vitro were used as explants to culture on the different plant growth regulator (PGR) woody plant medium (WPM) and establish an efficient shoot proliferation and plant regeneration system. WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D induced callus dedifferentiated into buds and somatic embryos on various media,including PGR-free WPM. However, only adventitious shoots formed on WPM with 1.0 mg/L of cytokinins such as 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (KIN) or thidiazuron (TDZ). When another cytokinin, zeatin, was used, somatic embryos were induced directly from From cut surface of these explants. Adventitious roots could be induced from both explants on WPM with 1.0 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Somatic embryos cultured in PGR-free WPM or WPM with 0.2 mg/L NAA developed roots. Plantlets derived from somatic embryos were transferred to a peat: sand (1:1, v/v) substrate, and showed survival rates of 64.3% at 30 days and 54.6% at 90 days. Callus clumps with adventitious shoot buds that were transferred to WPM containing 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA generated a mean 3.3 multiple shoots. Callus-derived shoots regenerated and rooted successfully (100%) on agar-free vermiculite-based WPM with 0.5 μM NAA after 30 d. Plantlets transplanted to peat soil: vermiculite (1:1, v/v) displayed the highest survival (96.7%) after three months.
Optimization of complex engineering problems using modified sine cosine algorithm
Authors: Shang Chao , Zhou Ting-ting , Liu Shuai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, a modified version of the Sine Cosine algorithm (MSCA) is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Based on the Sine Cosine algorithm (SCA), the position update formula of SCA is redefined to increase the convergence speed, then the Levy random walk mutation strategy is adopted to improve the population diversity. In order to verify the performance of MSCA, 24 well-known classical benchmark problems and IEEE CEC2017 test suites were introduced, and by comparing MSCA with several popular methods, it is demonstrated that MSCA has good convergence and robustness. Finally, MSCA is used to address six complex engineering design problems, demonstrating the engineering utility of the algorithm.
Risk assessment of oxidative stress and multiple toxicity induced by Etoxazole
Authors: Macar Oksal , Kalefetoğlu Macar Tuğçe , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçın Emine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEtoxazole is among the systemic pesticides with acaricidal and insecticidal characteristics. This paper reports the first evaluation of the toxic effects of Etoxazole on Allium cepa L. Etoxazole solutions were applied to three groups formed from A. cepa bulbs at 0.125 mL/L, 0.25 mL/L and 0.5 mL/L doses, respectively. The control group was treated with tap water throughout the experimental period. The toxic effects of Etoxazole became more apparent as the dose of Etoxazole was increased. The growth-limiting effect was most pronounced in the highest dose group with approximately 29%, 70% and 58.5% reductions in germination percentage, root elongation and weight gain, respectively. The genotoxic effect of Etoxazole was most severe in the 0.5 mL/L dose group. In this group, the mitotic index decreased by 30% compared to the control group, while the micronucleus frequency increased to 45.3 ± 3.74. The most observed aberrations were fragment, vagrant chromosome, sticky chromosome, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, reverse polarization and nucleus with vacuoles. The malondialdehyde level showed a gradual increase with increasing Etoxazole doses and reached 2.7 times that of the control group in the 0.5 mL/L Etoxazole applied group. Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities increased in the groups exposed to 0.125 mL/L and 0.25 mL/L Etoxazole with dose dependence and decreased abruptly in the group treated with 0.5 mL/L Etoxazole. Etoxazole triggered meristematic cell damages, such as epidermis cell damage, thickening of cortex cell walls, flattened cell nucleus and indistinct transmission tissue. Considering the versatile toxicity induced by Etoxazole, we announce that this chemical has the potential to cause serious damage to non-target organisms. It should be noted that the higher the dose of exposure, the more severe the level of damage. This study will be an important reminder to limit the indiscriminate use of this highly risky agrochemical.
The pathogenicity comparison of Lagovirus europaeus GI.1 and GI.2 strains in China by using relative quantitative assay
Authors: Tu Teng , Zhou You , Jiang Dike , Pang Maonan , Wu Xulong , Yao Xueping , Luo Yan , Yang Zexiao , Ren Meishen , Wang Yin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLagovirus europaeus GI.1 belongs to Lagovirus in the Caliciviridae family. GI.1 causes an acute, septic, and highly lethal disease in rabbits. Lagovirus europaeus GI.2, a new variant of GI.1, has caused explosive mortality in rabbits of all ages in Sichuan Province, China. To explore the differences in pathogenicity of rabbits infected with GI.1/GI.2, we investigated the virulence and disease progression of a naturally occurring GI.1/GI.2 in 4-week-old, 13-week-old, and 25-week-old New Zealand White laboratory rabbits after GI.1/GI.2 infection. Objective measures of disease progression were recorded using continuous body-temperature monitoring. We observed the kittens were infected with GI.2 during the most urgent course of the disease, and GI.1 was not lethal to kittens. We found that the target organ of both GI.1 and GI.2 was the liver, but the disease course of the two viruses was differed. Our study enriches the research on the pathogenicity of GI.1 and GI.2 under the same conditions.
Imaging in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Toy Dennis , Siegel Mark D. , Rubinowitz Ami N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRadiology plays an important role in the management of the most seriously ill patients in the hospital. Over the years, continued advances in imaging technology have contributed to an improvement in patient care. However, even with such advances, the portable chest radiograph (CXR) remains one of the most commonly requested radiographic examinations. While they provide valuable information, CXRs remain relatively insensitive at revealing abnormalities and are often nonspecific. Chest computed tomography (CT) can display findings that are occult on CXR and is particularly useful at identifying and characterizing pleural effusions, detecting barotrauma including small pneumothoraces, distinguishing pneumonia from atelectasis, and revealing unsuspected or additional abnormalities which could result in increased morbidity and mortality if left untreated. CT pulmonary angiography is the modality of choice in the evaluation of pulmonary emboli which can complicate the hospital course of the ICU patient. This article will provide guidance for interpretation of CXR and thoracic CT images, discuss some of the invasive devices routinely used, and review the radiologic manifestations of common pathologic disease states encountered in ICU patients. In addition, imaging findings and complications of more specific clinical scenarios in which the incidence has increased in the ICU setting, such as patients who are immunocompromised, have interstitial lung disease, or COVID-19, will also be discussed. Communication between the radiologist and intensivist, particularly on complicated cases, is important to help increase diagnostic accuracy and leads to an improvement in the management of the most critically ill patients.
Thoracic Vascular Variants and Anomalies: Imaging Findings, Review of the Embryology, and Clinical Features
Authors: Orozco Valentina Munera , Ricardo Uribe , Carlos Hinestroza , Paula Mesa , Katherine Florez 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThoracic vascular malformations are a set of complex congenital abnormalities that result in major alterations of the patient's anatomy. It can be discovered incidentally or the anomalies may generate heart failure with a right-to-left shunt, dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, cough, recurrent bronchopulmonary infections, hypoxemia, paradoxical emboli, and occasionally apneas and massive hemothorax.The knowledge of the embryology, and the normal development of the vascular structures of the thorax, allows to understand these abnormalities—and thus helps in making an accurate diagnosis—with its possible complications, symptoms, and treatments for the patient. The following is a review of the most common thoracic vascular malformations and their imaging findings.
Environmental impacts of the Australian poultry industry. 1. Chicken meat production
Authors: Copley M. A. , Wiedemann S. G. 
Published: November 2022

Context Steadily increasing consumption of chicken meat (Australia’s most consumed meat protein) has resulted in expanded production. With societal expectations that industries improve sustainability, understanding baseline impacts is vital. Aims This study determined carbon footprint (kg CO2-e), fossil energy (MJ), fresh water consumption (L), stress (L H2O-e) and scarcity (m3), and land-occupation (m2) impacts for conventional (C) and free-range (FR) production systems, identified hotspots and the implications of changes in production over the past decade, to establish targets for future improvement. Methods In the largest study of its kind, attributional life-cycle assessment with data collected for ~50% of birds processed was used, reporting impacts per kilogram of the typical market mix of chicken products, and boneless chicken. Uncertainty was assessed through Monte Carlo analysis, and results are presented as the means and standard deviation. Key results Slightly lower impacts per kilogram of chicken meat product were observed for C production (2.1 ± 0.03 kg CO2-e, 18.0 ± 0.3 MJ, 178.6 ± 22.4 L, and 10.2 ± 0.1 m2) than for FR (2.2 ± 0.03 kg CO2-e, 18.5 ± 0.3 MJ, 189.6 ± 24.6 L, and 10.6 ± 0.1 m2). Feed production was the major hotspot, followed by grow-out and meat processing. Land use (LU) and direct land use-change (dLUC) impacts associated with imported soymeal added 1.7 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.3 kg CO2-e to C and FR respectively. FR carbon footprint and land occupation were significantly (P < 0.05) higher. Since 2010, fossil energy, arable land, and greenhouse-gas emissions have declined. One countertrend was LU and dLUC emissions, which increased due to changed soy imports, resulting in a slightly higher C carbon footprint. Conclusions Multi-indicator analysis is fundamental to understanding, communicating, and improving performance, and distinguishing between short-term fluctuations and long-term trends. Since 2010, feed-production impacts have increased (due to imported soymeal in poultry diets), indicating that alternative feed protein sources are a priority. Efficiency improvements reduced per-kilogram impacts across other indicators, demonstrating a positive trend in producing more food from fewer inputs. Implications Australian chicken meat is a low-impact animal protein. Future improvements require alternative feed proteins, technology adoption and practice change to maintain or reduce impacts as production expands alongside consumer demand.
Difference of measured proton and He3 EDMs: a reduced systematics test of T-reversal invariance
Authors: Talman Richard M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The upper limit on (time reversal symmetry T-violating) permanent hadron electric dipole
moments (EDMs) is the PSI neutron EDM value; dn
= (0.0 ± 1.1stat ± 0.2sys
× 10-26) e cm. This paper describes an experiment to be performed at a
BNL-proposed CLIP project which is to be capable of producing intense polarized beams of protons,
p, helions (He3 nuclei), h, and other isotopes. The EDM prototype ring PTR (proposed at
COSY Lab, Juelich) is expected to measure individual particle EDMs (for example EDM_p for
the proton) using simultaneous counter-rotating polarized proton beams, with statistical error
±10-30e.cm after one year running time, four orders of magnitude less than the PSI neutron
EDM upper limit, and with comparable systematic error. A composite particle, the helion faces
T-symmetry constraints more challenging than the proton. Any measurably large value
of
Δ= EDM
h
- EDM
p
,
the difference of helion and proton EDMs, would represent
BSM physics. The plan is to replicate PTR at BNL. The dominant systematic error would be canceled
two ways, both made possible by phase-locking “doubly-magic” 38.6 MeV proton and 39.2 MeV
helion spin tunes. This stabilizes their MDM-induced in-plane precessions, without affecting their
EDM-induced out-of-plane precessions. The dominant systematic error would therefore cancel in the
meaurement of Δ in a fixed field configuration. Another systematic error cancellation will
come from averaging runs for which both magnetic field and beam circulation directions are
reversed. Precise magnetic field reversal is made possible by the reproducible absolute frequency
phase-locking over long runs to eliminate the need for (impractically precise) magnetic field
measurement. Risk of EDM measurement failure is discussed in a final appendix.
The RED-100 experiment
Authors: Akimov D.Yu. , Alexandrov I.S. , Alyev R.R. , Belov V.A. , Bolozdynya A.I. , Etenko A.V. , Galavanov A.V. , Glagovsky E.M. , Gusakov Y.V. , Khromov A.V. , Kiselev S.M. , Konovalov A.M. , Kornoukhov V.N. , Kovalenko A.G. , Kozlova E.S. , Kumpan A.V. , Lukyashin A.V. , Pinchuk A.V. , Razuvaeva O.E. , Rudik D.G. , Shakirov A.V. , Simakov G.E. , Sosnovtsev V.V. , Vasin A.A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The RED-100 two-phase xenon emission detector has been
deployed at 19-m distance from the reactor core of the Kalinin
Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) in 2021–2022 for investigation of the
possibility to observe reactor antineutrinos using the effect of
coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS). The
performance of the main systems of the RED-100 setup at operating
nuclear power plant is described. There is no correlation of the
radioactive background at the experimental setup site with ON and
OFF states of the reactor. The data taking run was carried out at
the beginning of the year 2022 and covered both the reactor OFF and
ON periods.
An analytical model for electronic noise in a cryogenic bolometer detector readout circuit
Authors: Vatsa V. , Reza A. , Mazumdar A. , Pose M.S. , Mallikarjunachary S. , Nanal V. , Pillay R.G. , Ramakrishnan S. , Shrivastava A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical model to quantify the measured noise in a cryogenic bolometer readout circuit. The model includes the contributions from the bias resistors and sensor resistors, voltage and current noise of amplifier, and cable capacitance. The model parameters are empirically estimated using frequency domain analysis of the measured noise data of indigenously developed Neutron Transmutation Doped (NTD) Ge sensors. The model is shown to describe noise data for NTD Ge sensors
over a wide range of resistances corresponding to temperatures in the range 20–70 mK.
Relative contributions of different components are discussed and it is shown that the contribution to the overall noise from the differential amplifier at 300 K is the dominant source. It is observed that the amplifier flicker noise is significantly lower than that specified in the amplifier datasheet. The present study also indicates that a desirable value of resistance of NTD sensor (R
NTD) from noise considerations is ≲ 1 GΩ at ∼ 20 mK.
Pulsating flow velocity profile measurement at an acoustically reflecting and non-reflecting open pipe end using laser doppler anemometry (LDA)
Authors: Nal F , Brümmer A 
Published: November 2022

Depending on the geometry and operating condition, occasionally strong and destructive acoustic resonances occur in the pipe spool piece between the high-pressure discharge of screw compressors and the connected pulsation damper/silencer inlet. To avoid these resonances, the use of a nozzle with defined cross-section reduction is investigated. By designing the contraction ratio as a function of the nozzle inlet Mach number, a non-reflecting termination/transition can be provided. For a defined operating point, acoustic reflection from the nozzle can be avoided in this way, thus preventing the acoustic resonance in the spool piece.
Within this paper the pulsating flow field directly downstream an acoustically reflecting open pipe end is investigated using laser doppler anemometry (LDA) at the air test rig at the Chair of Fluidics at TU Dortmund University. In the modified experimental setup an operating point-specific designed nozzle is installed at the open pipe end to create a non-reflecting termination. By means of LDA measurements, the velocity profile is determined experimentally at the nozzle outlet for the designed operating condition. The 2D measurement results (radius dependant velocity and phase distribution) extend established 1D decomposition of pressure measurement signals into upstream and downstream travelling waves and allow a deeper understanding of the acoustic behaviour of non-reflecting nozzles.
On performance optimisation for oil-injected screw compressors using different evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Kumar A , Kovacevic A , Ponnusami S A , Patil S , Abdan S , Asati N 
Published: November 2022

Energy consumed for pressurizing air makes a significant proportion of total electrical energy consumption worldwide. To reduce the carbon footprint, it is necessary to have air compressors, which can operate efficiently over a large range of pressures and flow including full load and part load conditions. Several studies have been performed in this area including some which monitor the performance of a large number of compressors to develop strategies for their designs.
This paper focuses on the design optimisation of geometrical and oil parameters of oil-injected screw compressors using different evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES), and so on. A comparison of the performance of these algorithms is presented. SCORG and GT-SUITE (commercial software tools for screw compressor thermodynamic simulations and optimisation) are used in the integrated model producing promising results. Feasibility of the optimum outcomes generated by these algorithms is critically evaluated from machine and system design point of view. Finally, in the context of optimisation presented here, the simplex converges fastest as compared to other algorithms. In the future study, the system design limitations are to be incorporated as constraints for the optimisation along with the objective to improve energy efficiency.
Proceeding of 36th International Conference of Material Sciences and Its Applications (36th Eg-MRS) 2022
Authors: Aly Arafa H. 
Published: November 2022

Preface

It is with great pleasure that I introduce the proceedings of the 36th Eg-MRS International Conference, 24-25 September 2022, Cairo, Egypt. This conference was dedicated to technical issue related to material sciences research and its applications.
The objectives of the conference were not only to provide opportunities to the international scientists to present state of the art research in material sciences but also to provide a forum to discuss ideas for future directions in the field and explore possibilities for collaborative research projects.
The conference program included keynote, oral, and poster presentations from scholars working in the areas of materials science and engineering from all over the world. It covered recent trends and progress made in the field of material sciences. Professors from Egypt, Malaysia, USA, Canada, India, Russia and France were invited to deliver keynote lectures regarding the latest information in their respective areas of expertise.
List of Conference Chairman, Organizing and Scientific Committee, Editors and Reviewers are available in this pdf.
On the mechanical, microstructural, and corrosion properties of pulsed gas tungsten arc and friction stir welded RZ5 rare earth grade magnesium alloy
Authors: Lakshmikhanth R Sasi , Lakshminarayanan A K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Experimental studies have been conducted on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of magnesium alloy RZ5 that has been butt welded. Pulsed tungsten inert gas (PTIG) and friction stir welding (FSW) are two distinct welding techniques that have been considered. The weld metal of the PTIG joint exhibited finer grain cast structures of 10 μm with coarser intergranular eutectic τ-Phase particles as compared to the coarse-grained cast base metal microstructure of 104 μm. The FSW joints microstructural investigation revealed that the precipitates with globular morphology had spread out throughout the wrought ultrafine α-Mg grains of 2 μm. X-ray elemental distribution and phase analysis indicated that in base metal and weld joints, the grain boundaries and interior zones were enriched with Zn and Zr elements with corresponding secondary phases. Microhardness measurements showed the softening is reduced in the heat-affected zone of FSW compared to PTIG joints. The stir zone exhibits the highest hardness of 120.4 HV0.2 which is 40% higher than the fusion zone hardness of PTIG welds. Electrochemical polarization scans and immersion testing indicated that the weld zone of the FSW joint exhibits higher corrosion resistance than the RZ5 base alloy and PTIG welds. The corrosion data (i.e., higher corrosion potential, lower current density, and higher breakdown potential) obtained from the polarisation scans are correlated with the microstructural features after immersion testing.
Worldwide review of bacterial diseases of oaks (Quercus sp.) and their potential threat to trees in Central Europe
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The phenomenon of hhh Europe has been observed for over 100 years. In this time, many attempts have been made to describe this phenomenon considering biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic factors. Recently, an increasing intensity of bacterial tree diseases has been observed both in Europe and around the world. Moreover, climate change is contributing to an increase in the range of pathogens. The aim of this publication was to highlight the most important bacterial diseases occurring on oaks around the world, and to discuss the potential threat to native oaks occurring in Central Europe: English oak (Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). The main focus was on three diseases caused by different bacteria: bacterial leaf streak (caused by Xylella fastidiosa), acute oak decline (caused by Gibbsiella quercinecans, Rahnella victoriana and Brenneria goodwinii) and drippy nut disease (caused by Brenneria quercina—formerly Erwinia quercina). At present, these are the only known bacterial diseases that cause damage to oak stands. Information on each of the above-mentioned diseases is given in the review, ranging from their origin, importance, list of host plants and their potential threat to native oaks of Central Europe.