bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Fluid Assessment of Bluff Versus Streamlined Bodies With a Slot for Aligned Flow
Authors: Alshareef Sultan , Harman Todd , Ameel Tim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heat transfer and flow characteristics for a two-dimensional ellipse of different aspect ratios with single slot aligned with the principal flow direction is investigated numerically. In this study we quantify the change in drag force and heat transfer rate due to the slot. The ellipsoid aspect ratios are 1.0 (circle), 0.75, and 0.5 and the normalized slot height S/a, where S is the slot height and a is the minor-axis length of the ellipsoid, is 0.2. For each aspect ratio, simulations are conducted for both the slotted and solid ellipsoids. Two-dimensional incompressible airflow for Reynolds numbers Rea (based on minor-axis length a) between 100 and 1000 is modeled assuming an isothermal ellipsoid. A maximum drag force reduction of ∼11%, ∼25%, and ∼40% is found for aspect ratios of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively, at Rea = 1000. At the same Rea, a maximum heat rate increase of ∼74%, ∼73%, and ∼69% is found for aspect ratios of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively. The change in the performance index, defined as the ratio of the heat rate to the drag force, increases up to maximum of ∼1.96, ∼2.33, and ∼2.83 for aspect ratios of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0, respectively, at Rea = 1000. The improvements are the result of the increased heat transfer area and the reduction in the total drag force, due to the flow interaction with the wake near the exit of the slot.
An entropy analysis shows that an ellipsoid, aspect ratio of 1.0, has the best overall thermodynamic performance for 400 ≤ Rea ≤ 1000, whereas the ellipsoid of aspect ratio of 0.5 has the least entropy generation for 100 ≤ Rea ≤ 400. Finally, the ellipsoid with an aspect ratio of 1.0 benefits the most through the addition of the slot, inferring that this feature is most suited to bluff bodies.
A Novel Dynamic CubeSat Radiator Design With Annular Geometry and Varied Thickness Profiles
Authors: DeBortoli Nicholas , Douglass Natalie , Warburton David , Price Jeremy , Cannon Josh , Iverson Brian D. , Mulford Rydge 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dynamic radiators are thermal control systems that are able to vary emitting surface area or surface properties in order to control the amount of heat rejected. These systems are often used onboard spacecraft where large fluctuations in heat dissipation can exist. This work explores the performance of a dynamic spacecraft radiator design with annular geometry where the fin is concealed within a satellite architecture and then is deployed as additional heat rejection is required. The performance criteria analyzed are fin temperature profile, system turndown ratio, and fin efficiency. Furthermore, the effect of various thickness profiles, namely uniform, tapered, and a step-change in thickness, is analyzed. Two-dimensional heat transfer equations are developed to analyze the system heat transfer. Results are then validated with computer-aided design software that has capabilities for thermal analysis. It is found that turndown ratios of 3.3 are capable with the proposed system. Furthermore, it was found that fins with tapered thickness profile have the highest efficiency and turndown ratio. Uniform thickness fins have the largest difference between maximum and minimum fin temperature. Finally, it was found that fins with a single step-change in thickness differ in turndown ratio performance by less than 1% from those with tapered thickness fins.
Heat Transfer Measurements in Neutrally Buoyant Suspensions in the Inertial Regime
Authors: A. P. Merin , Srinivasan V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The present study experimentally investigates the behavior of thermal diffusivity of a sheared granular suspension with neutrally buoyant particles. The study uses a Taylor-Couette cell with a rotating outer cylinder and fixed inner cylinder to create a uniform shear flow while suppressing fluid turbulence for lower Reynolds numbers. Spherical PMMA beads of 2 mm were used to make a suspension with a glycerol-water mixture as the base fluid. For a small fixed volume fraction of 5%, changing the rotation speed, and therefore the shear rate, particle Reynolds numbers are varied from 0–30, going from Stokes flow to time-dependent flow with increasing inertia. We study the thermal diffusivity of the suspension by examining the decay of the inner wall temperature after a sharp thermal pulse. The thermal diffusivity is extracted from the observed temperature decay using a model for one-dimensional diffusion into the particle suspension. A non-monotonic behavior of thermal diffusivity with volume fraction is observed.
Controlled Self-Assembly of Low-Dimensional Supramolecular Systems Based on Double-Decker Lanthanide Phthalocyaninates
Authors: Zvyagina A. I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Possessing unique physicochemical properties, phthalocyanines are widely used as active components of supramolecular ensembles and nanomaterials. The functional properties of phthalocyanine-based materials are governed by not only the structure of their discotic molecules, but also the character of their intermolecular interactions, which determine both the self-assembly mechanism and the structure of such systems. This review discusses the experimental approaches, which are based on the notions of colloid and coordination chemistry that enable one to control intermolecular interactions in low-dimensional supramolecular ensembles based on phthalocyanines and metallocomplexes thereof. Using double-decker crown-substituted lanthanide phthalocyaninates as an example, it is shown how one- and two-dimensional nanomaterials with different properties can be obtained from the same type of building blocks employing a set of colloid-chemical methods. Such materials are, in particular, capable for controlled absorption of visible light in ultrathin films and can be employed as conducting one-dimensional components of planar elements for organic electronics.
Protocol for an RCT on cognitive bias modification for alcohol use disorders in a religion-based rehabilitation program
Authors: Seesink Henk-Jan , Schaap-Jonker Hanneke , Ostafin Brian , Lokman John C , Wiers Reinout W 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAlcohol-related cues trigger relapse in patients with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These cues may automatically activate motivational approach tendencies. Through computerised cognitive bias modification (CBM), the tendencies of patients with AUD to approach alcohol can be reduced. The present protocol describes a training intervention with approach bias modification (ApBM) incorporating religion-related stimuli as an alternative to alcohol to improve the effectiveness of CBM in a religion-based rehabilitation centre. AUD is often related to patients’ religious attitudes in this treatment context. The religion-adapted ApBM, therefore, combines training in avoidance of alcohol-related motivational cues and an approach to religion-based motivational cues. This combination’s effectiveness will be compared with a standard ApBM and to a sham ApBM.Methods and analysisUsing a double-blind multiarm parallel randomised controlled trial procedure (ratio 1:1:1), 120 patients with AUD will be randomised into 1 of 3 conditions (religion-adapted ApBM, standard ApBM or sham ApBM) with personalised stimuli. The interventions are delivered over 4 consecutive days during an inpatient detoxification programme in addition to treatment as usual. Assessments occur before the start of the training and after the fourth training session, with follow-up assessments after 1 and 4 months. A multivariate analysis of variance will be used with the primary outcomes, the percentage of days abstinent and meaning in life 4-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include differences in reported training satisfaction and symptoms of AUD.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Academic Medical Center Amsterdam (Reference number: 2020_251). Further, study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberNL75499.018.20.
ExploriNg DUrable Remission with Rituximab in ANCA-associatEd vasculitis (ENDURRANCE trial): protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dirikgil Ebru , van Leeuwen Jolijn R , Dam Laura S van , Bredewold Obbo W , Ray Argho , Jonker Jacqueline T , Soonawala Darius , Remmelts Hilde H F , van Dam Bastiaan , Bos Willem Jan , van Kooten Cees , Rotmans Joris , Rabelink Ton , Teng Y K Onno 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBoth rituximab (RTX) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) are effectively used in combination with steroids as remission induction therapy for patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). Several studies have shown that the effect on achieving (clinical) remission, frequency and severity of relapses is equivalent for both therapies, but there is accumulating data that the long-term safety profile of RTX might outperform CYC. Combination of RTX with low-dose CYC (LD-CYC) has been investigated in only a few uncontrolled cohort studies, in which clinical remission and a favourable immunological state with low relapse rates was quickly achieved. In this randomised controlled trial, we aim to investigate whether the combination treatment (RTX+LD CYC) is superior in comparison to standard care with RTX only.Methods and analysisThis study is an open-label, multicentre, 1:1 randomised, prospective study for patients with AAV with generalised disease, defined as involvement of major organs, that is, kidneys, lungs, heart and nervous system. In total, 100 patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive either remission induction therapy with standard of care (RTX) or combination treatment (RTX+LD CYC) in addition to steroids and both arms are followed by maintenance with RTX retreatments (tailored to B-cell and ANCA status). Our primary outcome is the number of retreatments needed to maintain clinical remission over 2 years. Secondary outcomes are relevant clinical endpoints, safety, quality of life and immunological responses.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval of the Medical Ethics Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center (P18.216, NL67515.058.18, date: 7 March 2019). The results of this trial (positive and negative) will be submitted for publication in relevant peer-reviewed publications and the key findings presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03942887.
Evaluation of patient STress level caused by radiological Investigations in early Postoperative phase After CRANIOtomy (IPAST-CRANIO): protocol of a Swiss prospective cohort study
Authors: Tosic Lazar , Thoma Marco , Voglis Stefanos , Hofer Anna Sophie , Bektas Delal , Pangalu Athina , Regli Luca , Germans Menno R 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPostoperative imaging after neurosurgical interventions is usually performed in the first 72 hours after surgery to provide an accurate assessment of postoperative resection status. Patient frequently report that early postoperative examination after craniotomy for tumour and vascular procedures is associated with distress, exertion, nausea and pain. Delayed postoperative imaging (between 36 and 72 hours postoperatively) may have an advantage regarding psychological and physical stress compared with early imaging. The goal of this study is to evaluate and determine the optimal time frame for postoperative imaging with MRI and CT in terms of medical and neuroradiological implications and patient’s subjective stress level.Methods and analysisData will be prospectively collected from all patients aged 18–80 years who receive postoperative MRI or CT imaging following a craniotomy for resection of a cerebral tumour (benign and malignant) or vascular surgery. Participants have to complete questionnaires containing visual analogue scores (VAS) for headache and nausea, Body Part Discomfort score and a single question addressing subjective preference of timing of postoperative imaging after craniotomy. The primary endpoint of the study is the difference in subjective stress due to imaging studies after craniotomy, measured just before and after postoperative MRI or CT with the above-mentioned instruments. Subjective stress is defined as a combination of the scores VAS pain, VAS nausea and 0.5* Body Part Discomfort core.This study determines whether proper timing of postoperative imaging can improve patient satisfaction and reduce pain, stress and discomfort caused by postoperative imaging. Factors causing additional postoperative stress are likely responsible for delayed recovery of neurosurgical patients.Ethics and disseminationThe institutional review board (Kantonale Ethikkommission Zürich) approved this study on 4 August 2020 under case number BASEC 2020–01590. The authors are planning to publish the data of this study in a peer-reviewed paper. After database closure, the data will be exported to the local data repository (Zurich Open Repository and Archive) of the University of Zurich. The sponsor (LR) and the project leader (MR.G) will make the final decision on the publication of the results. The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author LT. The data are not publicly available due to privacy/ethical restrictions.Trial registration numberNCT05112575; ClinicalTrials.gov.
Erector Spinae Plane Blocks for the Early Analgesia of Rib Fractures in Trauma (ESPEAR): protocol for a multicentre pilot randomised controlled trial with feasibility and embedded qualitative assessment
Authors: Hewson David W , Nightingale Jessica , Ogollah Reuben , Ollivere Benjamin J , Costa Matthew L , Craxford Simon , Bates Peter , Bedforth Nigel M 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with rib fractures commonly experience significant acute pain and are at risk of hypoxia, retained secretions, respiratory failure and death. Effective analgesia improves these outcomes. There is widespread variation in analgesic treatments given to patients including oral, intravenous and epidural routes of administration. Erector spinae plane (ESP) blockade, a novel regional analgesic technique, may be effective, but high-quality evidence is lacking.Methods and analysisTo determine if a definitive trial of ESP blockade in rib fractures is possible, we are conducting a multicentre, randomised controlled pilot study with feasibility and qualitative assessment. Fifty adult patients with rib fractures will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to ESP blockade with multimodal analgesia or placebo ESP blockade with multimodal analgesia. Participants and outcome assessors will be blinded. The primary feasibility outcomes are recruitment rate, retention rate and trial acceptability assessed by interview.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Oxford B Research Ethics Committee on 22 February 2022 (REC reference: 22/SC/0005). All participants will provide written consent. Trial results will be reported via peer review and to grant funders.Trial registration numberISRCTN49307616.
Randomised clinical trial of a manual therapy programme to reduce the evolution time of axillary web syndrome in women affected by breast cancer: study protocol
Authors: González Rubino Jesús Baltasar , Vinolo-Gil Maria Jesus , García Muñoz Cristina , Martín-Valero Rocío 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women, with more than 2 million new cases annually worldwide. One of the most frequent and well-known surgical and post-actinic sequelae is post-mastectomy lymphoedema. The axillary web syndrome is another sequela that limits the functionality of the patient and delays the protocol time of administering cancer treatments; and in many cases, this sequela is misdiagnosed. This surgical sequela usually disappears spontaneously after the third month of appearance, but this implies a long period of discomfort and limitations for the patient, at the same time, it may delay the application of radiotherapy within the indicated protocol deadline (due to a need for body posture).Methods and analysisWith the present quasi-experimental study, we intend to show the application of physiotherapy and stretching from the beginning of the appearance of the axillary cord, in a controlled and scheduled way by the physiotherapist. It is possible to reduce the time in which the lymphatic thrombus is present and, therefore, recover functionality and mobility, reduce pain and be able to apply treatments within the established deadline. We intend to apply this therapy into the intervention group and compare thrombus evolution time with the control group.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has the approval of the Andalucía Ethics Committee (PEIBA code 1909-N1-21, reg. number 171.21).Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05115799).
‘What’s next?’ The journey from hospital to community engagement from the perspectives of adults following severe acquired brain injury: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Currie Suzanne , Douglas Jacinta , Winkler Di 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionCommunity integration and social participation remain a challenge for many individuals following acquired brain injury (ABI) and the transition from hospital to home is a complex journey. It is important to conceptualise this transition from the perspective of people with ABI, to inform future research with the overall aim of improving the experience of community re-engagement and maintaining important relationships within social networks.Methods and analysisThe methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: extension for Scoping Reviews will be used to guide the review. A comprehensive electronic database search will be conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and PsychINFO. The search will aim to locate only published, qualitative or mixed methods studies and will be limited to citations published in English, from January 2014 to the date of final search completion. Quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme will be completed and reported.Data extraction will include participant and study characteristics.Finally, qualitative data from each citation, including participant quotes, will be extracted and thematic analysis will be completed to support conceptualisation of community participation from those who have experienced the transition to the community following discharge from hospital. Three individuals with lived experiences of ABI will be engaged as paid consultants to review and comment on the findings of the review.Ethics and disseminationIt is intended that the findings from this review will be made available to relevant stakeholders through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This scoping review does not require an ethics application.
Conceptualisation and psychometric evaluation of positive psychological outcome measures used in adolescents and young adults living with HIV: a mixed scoping and systematic review protocol
Authors: Dambi Jermaine M , Cowan Frances M , Martin Faith , Sibanda Sharon , Simms Victoria , Willis Nicola , Bernays Sarah , Mavhu Webster 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa bears the greatest burden of HIV. Concomitant mental disorders are common, necessitating the integration of mental healthcare into routine HIV care. Consequently, it is necessary to holistically evaluate the mental health of adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV, 10–24 years old) by measuring negative and positive psychological constructs (eg, anxiety and self-acceptance, respectively). There has been a proliferation of positive psychological outcome measures, but the evidence of their psychometric robustness is fragmented. This review, therefore, seeks to (1) identify positive psychological outcomes used in AYALHIV in sub-Saharan Africa and map the constructs onto corresponding measures and (2) critically appraise the psychometrics of the identified outcomesMethods and analysisThis mixed review will be done in two parts. First, a scoping review will identify positive psychological outcomes and map them onto corresponding outcome measures. Subsequently, we will systematically evaluate the psychometric properties of the outcomes identified from the scoping review. Independent and blinded reviewers will search articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Google Scholar from inception through 30 September 2022. Thereafter, separate independent reviewers will screen the retrieved articles. We will apply a narrative synthesis to map the key constructs emerging from the scoping review. For the systematic review, the risk of bias across studies will be evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The quality of the psychometric properties will be rated using the COSMIN checklist and qualitatively synthesised using the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation checklist.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approvals are needed. The mixed-review outputs will collectively inform the development, implementation and evaluation of bespoke interventions for AYALHIV. Review outcomes will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, on social media and through policy briefs.PROSPERO registrationCRD42022325172.
Fuzzy Ideals in Pseudo-Hoop Algebras
Authors: Alemayehu Teferi Getachew 
Published: September 2022

In this study, fuzzy ideals in pseudo-hoop algebras are presented. Also, we investigate fuzzy congruences relations on pseudo-hoop algebras induced by fuzzy ideals. By using fuzzy ideals, we create the fuzzy quotient pseudo-hoop algebras and identify and demonstrate the one-to-one relationship between the set of all normal fuzzy ideals of a pseudo-hoop algebra

H

with conditions

p

D
N

and the set of all fuzzy congruences relation on

H

. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between fuzzy ideals and fuzzy filters in pseudo-hoop algebras by considering the set of complement elements of pseudo-hoop algebras. Lastly, we study fuzzy prime ideals and fuzzy

⊙

-prime ideals and their relation.