bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity Evaluation of the College Student Physical Literacy Questionnaire
Authors: Luo Lin , Song Naiqing , Huang Jin , Zou Xiaodong , Yuan Junfeng , Li Chenli , Yang Jie , Zhou Ling , Zhang Liping , Luo Shiyan , Gao Xin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPhysical literacy (PL) is an important tool to promote physical activity of individuals, and the level of physical literacy of individuals affects their physical activity behaviors. Currently, the physical fitness of college students in China is a prominent issue, and assessing physical literacy among college students may provide tools and directions to further promote physical fitness and precisely intervene in physical activity behaviors of college students in the future. This study aimed to develop a college student physical literacy questionnaire (CSPLQ) to address the lack of currently available physical literacy assessment tools for Chinese college students. We hoped to collect validity evidence of this questionnaire to measure the validity of the physical literacy self-assessment questionnaire among Chinese university students.MethodsAn initial pool of items was obtained from existing research instruments, literature, and expert advice. An expert review panel evaluated its content. A subsequent validation process reduced the pool of items. We conducted a validation factor analysis of the CSPLQ using structural equation modeling. The relationship between physical literacy and other variables was also examined using correlation analysis.ResultsThe item content validity index (ICVI) of CSPLQ was 0.70–0.95. The CSPLQ was composed of a total of 38 items across 3 domains (physical and behavioral domain, affective domain, and cognitive domain) and 7 dimensions (motor skills, motor skills, physical activity, perceptions of healthy living, perceptions of physical activity, motivation to engage in physical activity, and confidence to engage in physical activity). The factor validity of the CSPLQ was determined by significant loading of all items on their expected factors, with good data model fit and good stability between two independent samples were demonstrated. Each subscale had a Cronbach α coefficient &gt;0.9 and was strongly correlated with each other. The correlation coefficients between college students' physical literacy and other variables, including athletic ability, physical condition, physical attractiveness, physical fitness, frequency of physical activity, and length of physical activity, all reached a significance level of P &lt; 0.05.ConclusionThe CSPLQ has sufficient evidence of validity. The development of the instrument showed evidence of validity for the content, response process, internal structure, and relationships with other variables.
Access Barriers to Dental Treatment and Prevention for Turkish Migrants in Germany – A Qualitative Survey
Authors: Spinler Kristin , Kofahl Christopher , Ungoreit Erik , Heydecke Guido , Dingoyan Demet , Aarabi Ghazal 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionThe worldwide migration movement is growing and thereby challenging the health care systems of immigration countries like Germany to make health care equally accessible for all people. Due to their low oral health status and low uptake rates of dental treatment and prevention, migrants were detected as a vulnerable group. Data regarding dental care access barriers of this group is limited. Therefore, the following study established a deeper understanding of unknown access barriers.MethodsNine expert interviews and one focus group interview were conducted semi-structured via interview guideline in the period of August until October 2018. The experts were persons with strong vocational interactions and experiences with the sector oral health care and migration. The focus group participants had a Turkish migration background.ResultsThe expert and focus group interviews revealed a variety of barriers that exist toward dental treatment and prevention for migrants. Language, perceived significance of oral health, oral health knowledge, health socialization and patient-dentist interaction were detected to be the main barriers with underlying subthemes and interactions. Furthermore, a predominantly not precaution-oriented dental service utilization of migrants was underlined by the interviewees. Additionally, ways to reach a higher cultural sensitivity in oral health care were stated.ConclusionWith respect for research, there is a need for the integration of migrant-specific items when collecting health data from people. With respect for policy, there is a need for more structural and individual attention for promoting equal access to oral health care and prevention measures for people with a migrant background.
Comparison of crop production in Hungary and Tanzania: climate and land use effects on production trends of selected crops in a 50-year period (1968-2019)
Authors: Nyandi Muhoja Sylivester , Pepó Péter 
Published: May 2022

A comparison of selected crop production for Hungary and Tanzania is presented. The roles of climate, land use and productivities of crops vary significantly in the two countries. Climate impacts the distribution of crops in Tanzania more than in Hungary as Tanzania’s climate is diverse with hot, humid, semi-arid areas, high rainfall lake regions, and temperate highlands. In contrast, the Hungarian climate is temperate and uniform across the country. Land use changes significantly in Tanzania than in Hungary. Tanzania indicates a reduction in forest land and expanding agricultural land associated mainly with the variation in crop productivities and population growth. To maintain sustainable crop production, increasing crop productivity is of paramount focus to meet the requirements of the growing population.
Virtual Pesantren: Pesantren Sustainability in Facing the Challenges of 4.0 Era
Authors: Rahman Moh. Rifqi , Hanun Asrohah  
Published: May 2022

Pesantren is proven to have high resilience and adaptability. This is evidenced by its development which is so dynamic that it can exist to this day. Pesantren has to deal with the challenges of this 4.0 era which is so synonymous with automation due to the birth of technology, digitization, intelligent technology, the speed of information flow, and so on. However, pesantren is still able to adapt until finally, new variants of pesantren appear, such as virtual pesantren. The birth of this virtual pesantren is really clear evidence that pesantren can maintain its sustainability amid this sophisticated era, although on the one hand it must be admitted that virtual pesantren is not fully capable of displaying the character of pesantren as a whole, including in terms of learning. Thus, pesantren continuously tries to adapt themselves to the times and seeks to utilize technology as a tool to support the goals of the pesantren itself. Virtual pesantren is an example of the phenomenon of how pesantren survive and adapt to this 4.0 era.
الذكاء الضمني لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية
Authors: Mr. Dr. Bushra Hussein Ali  
Published: May 2022

أستهدف البحث الحالي :

قياس الذكاء الضمني لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .
وتعرف دلالة الفروق الأحصائية في الذكاء الضمني لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية تبعا لمتغيرالنوع ( ذكور-أناث) ومتغير التخصص ( علمي – أدبي ) .

وقد أختيرت عينة البحث من طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية التابعة لمديرية تربية الكرخ الثانية وبالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية حيث بلغت ( 500) طالب وطالبة بواقع (250 )ذكورا و(250 )أناثا وللفرعين العلمي والأدبي .ولتحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثة ببناء مقياس الذكاء الضمني ،وقد استخرجت الصدق والثبات للمقياس ، ثم طبقته على عينة البحث الاساسية البالغة 500 طالب وطالبة وقد عالجت البيانات احصائيا بأستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS) مستعملة معادلة الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة لتعرف الذكاء الضمني لدى العينة ككل حيث بلغت القيمة التائية المحسوبة (5.866 )وهي أكبر من القيمة التائية الجدولية البالغة (1.96 ) وهذا يعني أن الطلبة لديهم ذكاء ضمني,وقدأستخدمت الباحثة الأختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين لتعرف الهدف الثاني وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة أحصائية بين الذكور والاناث ,أذ بلغت القيمة التائية المحسوبة (0.878) وهي أصغر من القيمة التائية الجدولية البالغة (1.96). كما وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في الذكاء الضمني تبعا لمتغير التخصص (علمي-أدبي ) أذ بلغت القيمة التائية المحسوبة (0.271 ) وهي أصغر من القيمة التائية الجدولية البالغة (1.96). وفي ضوء النتائج توصلت الباحثة الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات .
Grain Alignment in the Circumstellar Shell of IRC+10° 216
Authors: Andersson B-G , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Medan Ilija , Soam Archana , Hoang Thiem , Vaillancourt John E. , Lazarian Alex , Sandin Christer , Mattsson Lars , Tahani Mehrnoosh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dust-induced polarization in the interstellar medium (ISM) is due to asymmetric grains aligned with an external reference direction, usually the magnetic field. For both the leading alignment theories, the alignment of the grain’s angular momentum with one of its principal axes and the coupling with the magnetic field requires the grain to be paramagnetic. Of the two main components of interstellar dust, silicates are paramagnetic, while carbon dust is diamagnetic. Hence, carbon grains are not expected to align in the ISM. To probe the physics of carbon grain alignment, we have acquired Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy/Higch-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-plus far-infrared photometry and polarimetry of the carbon-rich circumstellar envelope (CSE) of the asymptotic giant branch star IRC+10° 216. The dust in such CSEs are fully carbonaceous and thus provide unique laboratories for probing carbon grain alignment. We find a centrosymmetric, radial, polarization pattern, where the polarization fraction is well correlated with the dust temperature. Together with estimates of a low fractional polarization from optical polarization of background stars, we interpret these results to be due to a second-order, direct radiative external alignment of grains without internal alignment. Our results indicate that (pure) carbon dust does not contribute significantly to the observed ISM polarization, consistent with the nondetection of polarization in the 3.4 μm feature due to aliphatic CH bonds on the grain surface.
The Imprint of Superradiance on Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Payne Ethan , Sun Ling , Kremer Kyle , Lasky Paul D. , Thrane Eric 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ultralight bosons are a proposed solution to outstanding problems in cosmology and particle physics: they provide a dark-matter candidate while potentially explaining the strong charge-parity problem. If they exist, ultralight bosons can interact with black holes through the superradiant instability. In this work we explore the consequences of this instability on the evolution of hierarchical black holes within dense stellar clusters. By reducing the spin of individual black holes, superradiance reduces the recoil velocity of merging binary black holes, which, in turn, increases the retention fraction of hierarchical merger remnants. We show that the existence of ultralight bosons with mass 2 × 10−14 ≲ μ/eV ≲ 2 × 10−13 would lead to an increased rate of hierarchical black hole mergers in nuclear star clusters. An ultralight boson in this energy range would result in up to ≈60% more present-day nuclear star clusters supporting hierarchical growth. The presence of an ultralight boson can also double the rate of intermediate-mass black hole mergers to ≈0.08 Gpc−3 yr−1 in the local universe. These results imply that a select range of ultralight boson masses can have far-reaching consequences for the population of black holes in dense stellar environments. Future studies into black hole cluster populations and the spin distribution of hierarchically formed black holes will test this scenario.
Del Instituto Central de Análisis Clínicos, Bacteriológicos y Químicos de Barcelona a la transfusión de sangre: las tecnologías médicas del Dr. Josep Antoni Grifols Roig (1909-1939)
Authors: Sans-Ponseti Cristina 
Published: May 2022

¿En qué contexto llegaron los desarrollos tecnocientíficos que hicieron posibles las transfusiones sanguíneas durante la primera mitad del siglo XX? ¿En qué trabajaban los médicos transfusores barceloneses antes de que la hemoterapia se profesionalizara?
En este artículo intentamos resolver estas preguntas para el caso concreto del Instituto Central de Análisis Clínicos, Bacteriológicos y Químicos de Barcelona (1909-1939), dirigido por el doctor Josep Antoni Grifols Roig (1885-1976). Sus primeras patentes del test de Wassermann para la detección de la sífilis, o la técnica del aglutino-diagnóstico, nos indican cómo la sangre era concebida, en primer lugar, como una tecnología propia del laboratorio. Y para la obtención de muestras óptimas, fue necesario que Grifols desarrollara sus propias tecnologías médicas. Todo esto le reportó, además de un prestigio como médico analista, el conocimiento necesario para adaptar rápidamente su actividad a la medicina transfusional. Durante la década de los veinte, patentó el primer sistema de transfusión indirecta de España, que junto a sus sueros control, empezaron a convertir la sangre en un auténtico medicamento, utilizado para sanar.
Las fuentes utilizadas son principalmente las contenidas en el Archivo Histórico Grifols, así como las actas de los primeros congresos de médicos en lengua catalana.
A ESTRATÉGIA DE BUY AND HOLD NA COMPOSIÇÃO DA CARTEIRA DE JOVENS INVESTIDORES DA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE
Authors: Gabriel Felipe da Silva Santos  , Cynthia Adrielle da Silva Santos  , Naielly Lopes Marques  
Published: May 2022

O ambiente de reformas estruturais político-econômicas trouxe consigo preocupações a despeito do bem-estar futuro e desenvolvimento das famílias. Em paralelo a essas mudanças, a B3 (bolsa de valores do Brasil) registrou em 2020 um crescimento histórico acima de dois milhões de investidores registrados na bolsa. Fatores como o déficit previdenciário e o corte expressivo na taxa de juro doméstica, a redução no prêmio de títulos de renda fixa e o pressuposto da incapacidade do Governo em honrar com os pagamentos dos títulos emitidos, levaram investidores a tomarem risco através de investimentos na bolsa de valores, afim de auferirem ganhos condizentes com o risco acordado. Dentre os mais de dois milhões de indivíduos que fazem investimentos em ações, o presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar como a estratégia de buy and hold influencia a tomada de decisão e composição de carteira de investidores residentes na região da Baixada Fluminense que buscam retornos visando o longo prazo. Assim, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa através de um estudo de campo com esses investidores. Após análise das respostas coletadas no questionário, observamos que a estratégia em questão promove resultados estatisticamente comprovados para indivíduos que fazem investimentos visando aposentadoria, renda passiva ou independência financeira plena.
Perceptions of Medical Students on a Three-Step Teaching Approach to Promote Active Learning in Embryology
Authors: Kore Smitha Elizabeth , Begum Gulam Saidunnisa 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The study of embryology is an essential component of the anatomy course during the preclinical years of medical education. It is usually perceived as difficult to comprehend due to the rapid three-dimensional changes that occur during fetal life. Visual representation while explaining the developmental process can facilitate comprehension. Active discussion with peers is another important learning aid that can help with better retention of the concepts taught in embryology. The present study was conducted with an objective to evaluate perceptions about the three-step active learning in embryology using “do it yourself (DIY) construction models” as props, reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT) sessions, and case discussions.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 students attending the embryology lecture on the gastrointestinal tract development. In step-1, the traditional lecture was delivered using a PowerPoint presentation which was complemented by three-dimensional (3D) visualization using “DIY” construction models used as props. Step-2 RPT session step-3 application exercises using real-time cases. Feedback was taken on a questionnaire administered using a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:
The descriptive analysis of the feedback revealed that most of the students were satisfied with the different active teaching strategies employed to conduct the sessions. The Chi-square test analysis showed a significant association between the questions posed in the feedback questionnaire.

Conclusion:
Our study provides insights into the importance of multiple active teaching techniques in learning embryology. The impact usage of props (DIY models) enhanced comprehension, peer teaching sessions helped the students to bridge the cognitive gaps, and case-based learning promoted critical thinking, and problems-solving skills.
Factors influencing entrepreneurial orientation levels among agri-input suppliers in Nakuru county, Kenya
Authors: Musyoka D.M. , Gathungu E. , Gido E.O. 
Published: May 2022

Start-ups and small-scale agri-input suppliers (AIS) play critical roles in Kenya’s agricultural development sector. Nakuru county is the leading producer of flowers, potatoes, milk and vegetables in Kenya; creating an enabling environment for AIS start-upsto thrive. However, competition from established, medium and large-scale agri-enterprises put them at risk of closure or inhibition of their potential to survive the environmental turbulence and grow into medium or large-scale enterprises.Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) manifestations, in the form of proactiveness, innovation, and risk-taking, among other internal aspects, are considered necessary for any agri-enterprises’ start-up success, as they positively influence their growth and performance. The objective of this study was to understand factors influencing EO levels among agri-input suppliers in Nakuru County, Kenya.A study involving a sample of 137 agri-input suppliers operating in Nakuru County was carried out using face-to-face semi-structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using Principal Component Analysis, Quartile technique, and the Generalised Ordered Logit (GOL) model. Overall, the variety of traded agri-input products showed the most significant positive influence on EO levels, followed by possession of business plan, partnership, customers’ contracts and gender factors, in that order of magnitude. On the other hand, years ofagri-enterprise operation and the number of agri-input business owners showed negative influence on EO levels. The list of prioritised significant factors is important in informing agripreneurs, policy makers and socio-economic development agencies when designing development programmes and strategies aimed at promoting agripreneurship in Kenya.
Multi-Objective and Robust Design of a Semi-Active Suspension System
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ali , Sardahi Yousef , Hernández Castellanos Carlos Ignacio 
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a robust multi-objective optimal design (RMOP) of a passenger car with a semi-active suspension system. The mean-effective values of the root mean square of the passenger’s head acceleration, suspension travel, and tire deflection are considered as design objectives. The passive components of the suspension and the design details of the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithm are used as design parameters. During the design, global sensitivity analysis is carried out using the Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (FAST) to specify the elements of the model that can highly alter the design objectives. The mass of the passenger’s head and upper body, the mass of the passenger’s lower body and cushion, passenger and cushion’s elastic properties, and the sprung mass of the vehicle are selected for the sensitivity analysis. Results show that the design criteria are very sensitive to the variations in the sprung mass of the vehicle as compared to the other parameters. As a result, the variations in this parameter and passive elements of the suspension system are considered. Constraints are applied on the objectives in compliance with the requirements of ISO 2631-1 on the design of car suspension systems. The optimization problem is solved by the NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II) and robust Pareto front and set are obtained. The Pareto set includes multiple design options from which the decision-maker can choose to implement. Responses of the passenger’s head acceleration, suspension travel, and tire deflection show that the robust multi-objective design algorithm (RMOA) is very effective and guarantees less sensitivity to the suspension passive elements.
Self-Regulation Behaviors of Music Education Students
Authors: Turhal Ersin 
Published: May 2022

This research aims to examine the self-regulation behaviors of the undergraduate students which they display in their music education process and the differentiation of these behaviors according to various variables as well as collecting the opinions of the students about the musical instrument practice behaviors. In this study, where mixed method was used, data were collected by questionnaire for the survey model and interview techniques for the factual part. For the quantitative part of the study the ‘Self-Regulation Behaviors of Music Students’ scale adapted into Turkish by Ersözlü and Miksza (2015) and was used The themes was acquired by coding the quantitative results obtained in the interviews conducted to discover the behaviors of the students in the instrument playing process. In the study group of the research, the quantitative part consists of 240 students (n=240) studying in music teaching undergraduate programs in Conservatories, Fine Arts, Art Design Faculties and Education Faculties located in different regions of Turkey and the qualitative part consists of (n=5) students. In the results, it was seen that there were significant differences between the 3rd and 4th grades in terms of Behavior dimension of the students. In the Method dimension, on the other hand, there were significant differences between the 1st and 3rd; 3rd and 4th grades in terms of the instrument study year. Furthermore, students have assumed that while they are not able to spare enough time for the study, they recording audios and listening to them again for self-control, evaluating themselves and using personal strategies such as taking notes.
Students’‎ Readiness for Self-Regulated Smart Learning Environment
Authors: Gambo Yusufu , Shakir Muhammad Zeeshan 
Published: May 2022

The increasing development in smart and mobile technologies supports transformation of learning environment into a smart learning environment to meet diverse learners’ needs. Learning in an online environment requires motivation and skills to succeed. Self-regulated learning has been identified as one of the strategies for supporting students in an online learning environment. However, despite these innovations, there is a scarcity of well exploratory works to understand if students have skills, experiences, and technology resources for implementing a self-regulated smart learning environment. This study attempts to fill the gaps by investigating these experiences and technology resources. The study used mixed-method to investigate the readiness of 157 undergraduate students. The quantitative data used an online self-regulated learning questionnaire (OSLQ), and the qualitative data used focus group discussions. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations, and the qualitative data used a thematic method to understand students’ experiences. The investigations show that students understood the self-regulated learning process and its’ role in their academic success. Moreover, they have access to mobile internet services and smart devices, mostly an android operating system. More so, goal setting, time management, and self-evaluation are among the top-level skills readiness, and there is a relationship between previous online learning experiences and these skills. Future research could investigate facilitators’ readiness to develop a self-regulated smart learning environment for engaging online learning experiences and skills development.