bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in thermal stress of marine copepods after physiological acclimation
Authors: Saiz Enric , Griffell Kaiene , Olivares Manuel , Solé Montserrat , Theodorou Iason , Calbet Albert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We studied the phenotypic response to temperature of the marine copepod Paracartia grani at the organismal and cellular levels. First, the acute (2 days) survival, feeding and reproductive performances at 6–35°C were determined. Survival was very high up to ca. 30°C and then dropped, whereas feeding and fecundity peaked at 23–27°C. An acclimation response developed after longer exposures (7 days), resulting in a decline of the biological rate processes. As a consequence, Q10 coefficients dropped from 2.6 to 1.6, and from 2.7 to 1.7 for ingestion and egg production, respectively. Due to the similarity in feeding and egg production thermal responses, gross-growth efficiencies did not vary with temperature. Respiration rates were less sensitive (lower Q10) and showed an opposite pattern, probably influenced by starvation during the incubations. The acclimation response observed in the organismal rate processes was accompanied by changes in body stoichiometry and in the antioxidant defense and cell-repair mechanisms. Predictions of direct effects of temperature on copepod performance should consider the reduction of Q10 coefficients due to the acclimation response. Copepod population dynamic models often use high Q10 values and may overestimate thermal effects.
Population health: transformation will happen at the speed of trust
Authors: Danielli Shaun , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara 
Published: March 2022

Abstarct
The societal shocks at the beginning of the 2020s have yet again brought into focus fundamental issues of inequality and distrust. These two corrosive and inter-related factors are the root cause of what inhibits our progress on issues such as improving population health and sustainable healthcare. Based on evidence, the authors provide their perspective to suggests three policy proposals; create a new power social movement for better health and equality; delegation of `old power' to City Mayors; handing over power and privilege to communities. This is the only way we will break the cycle of decreasing trust and increasing inequality and build a happier, healthier, and more resilient society.
Insulin for Hospitalized Patients With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Goyal Noopur , Rose Richard , Johnson Stacy A. , Babbel Danielle , Plugge Thomas , Hodgkin Jonathan , Simmons Debra , Yarbrough Peter 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Inpatient management of diabetes mellitus (DM) often involves substituting oral medications with insulin which can result in unnecessary insulin use. Attempting to address unnecessary insulin use, a quality improvement initiative implemented a newly developed evidence-based care pathway for inpatient diabetes management focused on patients with recent hemoglobin A1c values < 8% and no prescription of outpatient insulin. This retrospective observational preintervention and postintervention and interrupted time series analysis evaluates this intervention. Over a 21-month time period, there was a significant decrease in mean units of insulin administered per day of hospitalization from 2.7 (2.2–3.3) in the preintervention group to 1.7 (1.2–2.3) in the postintervention group (p = .017). During the initial 72 hours after admission, a significant downward trend in mean glucose values and mean insulin units per day was seen after the intervention. There was no significant change in hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events between the two groups. The proportion of patients who received zero units of insulin during their admission increased from 27.7% to 52.5% after the intervention (p < .001). An evidence-based pathway for inpatient management of DM was associated with decreased insulin use without significant changes in hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events.
Relationship Between Environmental Air Quality and Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Hall Katie C. , Robinson Jennifer C. , Cooke William H. , Parnell Aimee S. , Zhang Lei , Northington Ladonna 
Published: March 2022

Background
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affect 40,000 U.S. infants annually. One fourth of these infants have a critical CHD, requiring intervention within the first year of life for survival. Over 80% of CHDs have an unknown etiology. Fine particulate matter ≤2.5 (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) may be air pollutants associated with CHD.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between first-trimester maternal exposure to air pollutants PM2.5 and O3 and a critical CHD diagnosis.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study with nested case controls was conducted using data from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016, and consisted of 199 infants with a diagnosed critical CHD and 550 controls. Air pollution data were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency air monitors. Geographic information system software was used to geocode monitoring stations and infant residential locations. Data analysis included frequencies, chi-square, independent t-test analysis, and binary logistic regression for two time periods: the entire first trimester (Weeks 1–12) and the critical exposure window (Weeks 3–8 gestation).

Results
Critical CHD odds were not significantly increased by exposure during the first trimester. However, weekly analyses revealed CHD odds were higher in Weeks 5 and 8 as PM2.5 increased and decreased in Week 11 with increased O3 exposure.

Discussion
Our study shows no evidence to support the overall association between air pollutants PM2.5 and O3 and a critical CHD diagnosis. However, analyses by week suggested vulnerability in certain weeks of gestation and warrant additional surveillance and study.
Prehabilitation for Total Knee or Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Konnyu Kristin J. , Thoma Louise M. , Cao Wangnan , Aaron Roy K. , Panagiotou Orestis A. , Bhuma Monika Reddy , Adam Gaelen P. , Pinto Dan , Balk Ethan M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We sought to systematically review the evidence on the benefits and harms of prehabilitation interventions for patients who are scheduled to undergo elective, unilateral TKA or THA surgery for the treatment of primary osteoarthritis. We searched PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1, 2005 through May 3, 2021. We selected for inclusion randomized controlled trials and adequately-adjusted nonrandomized comparative studies of prehabilitation programs reporting performance-based, patient-reported, or healthcare utilization outcomes. Three researchers extracted study data and assessed risk of bias, verified by an independent researcher. Experts in rehabilitation content and complex interventions independently coded rehabilitation interventions. The team assessed strength of evidence (SoE). While large heterogeneity across evaluated prehabilitation programs limited strong conclusions, evidence from 13 TKA RCTs suggest prehabilitation may result in increased strength and reduced length of stay and may not lead to increased harms, but may be comparable in terms of pain, range of motion and activities of daily living (all low SoE). There was no evidence or insufficient evidence for all other outcomes following TKA. Although there were 6 THA RCTs, there was no evidence or insufficient evidence for all THA outcomes.
The Influence of Contextual Factors on Maternal Healthcare Utilization in sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review of Multilevel Models
Authors: Simona Simona , Lumamba Casildah , Moyo Felicitas , Ng’andu Emily , Phiri Million 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSub-Saharan Africa still bears the heaviest burden of maternal mortality among the regions of the world, with an estimated 201,000 (66%) women dying annually due to pregnancy and childbirth related complications. Utilisation of maternal healthcare services including antenatal care, skilled delivery and postnatal care contribute to a reduction of maternal and child mortality and morbidity. Factors influencing use of maternal healthcare occur at both the individual and contextual levels. The objective of this study was to systematically examine the evidence regarding the influence of contextual factors on uptake of maternal health care in sub-Saharan Africa.Materials and MethodsThe process of scoping review involved searching several electronic databases, identifying articles corresponding to the inclusion criteria and selecting them for extraction and analysis. Peer reviewed multilevel studies on maternal healthcare utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa published between 2007 and 2019 were selected. Two reviewers independently evaluated each study for inclusion and conflicts were resolved by consensus.ResultsWe synthesised 34 studies that met the criteria of inclusion out of a total of 1,654 initial records. Most of the studies were single-country, cross-sectional in nature and involved two-level multilevel logistic regression models. The findings confirm the important role played by contextual factors in determining use of available maternal health care services in sub-Saharan Africa. The level of educational status, poverty, media exposure, autonomy, empowerment and access to health facilities within communities are some of the major drivers of use of maternal health services.ConclusionsThis review highlights the potential of addressing high-level factors in bolstering maternal health care utilisation in sub-Saharan Africa. Societies that prioritise the betterment of social conditions in communities and deal with the problematic gender norms will have a good chance of improving maternal health care utilisation and reducing maternal and child mortality. Better multilevel explanatory mechanisms that incorporates social theories are recommended in understanding use of maternal health care services in sub-Saharan Africa.
The trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation transcriptomic pathways and cytokine secretion in a macrophage cell model
Authors: Harris Sean M. , Bakulski Kelly M. , Dou John , Houskamp Ethan , Scheeres Eleanor C. , Schellenboom Emily , Harlow Olivia , Loch-Caruso Rita , Boldenow Erica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the trichloroethylene metabolite S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine (DCVC) inhibits cytokine secretion in pathogen stimulated fetal membrane tissue but little is known about the mechanism for these effects, including which cell types or transcriptomic pathways are impacted. Macrophages play a critical role in the fetal membrane innate immune response during infection. We tested the hypothesis that DCVC inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammation pathways in differentiated (macrophage-like) THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetone for 24 hours and subsequently treated with 1, 5, or 10 µM DCVC for 24 hours. After an additional 4 hour incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we collected RNA and cell media. We performed transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing analysis for 5µM DCVC treatments and quantified cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) into cell media for 1, 5 and 10 µM DCVC treatments. RNAseq analysis revealed 1,399 differentially expressed genes (FDR<0.05 and log2fold change magnitude>2.5) in the cells co-treated with DCVC and LPS compared to LPS alone. For example, TNF was 9-fold downregulated with the addition of DCVC. Major pathways downregulated (adjusted p-value<0.05) in DCVC+LPS treatments versus LPS-only treatments, included: “acute inflammatory response”, “production of molecular mediator of immune response” and “phagocytosis”. LPS increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in culture media (p<0.001), but this effect which was inhibited by co-treatment with DCVC (p<0.001 for LPS vs. LPS+DCVC treatments). Our results demonstrate that DCVC suppresses inflammatory responses in macrophages.
Genomic analyses identify key molecules and significant signaling pathways in Sorafenib treated hepatocellular cancer cells
Authors: Chang Tingxiang , Wang Mengshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSorafenib (Sfb) is a multikinase inhibitor that is significantly effective in killing liver cancer. However, the potential signaling pathways and mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we aim to identify the functional molecules and signaling pathways by analyzing the RNA-seq data. The GSE186280 was produced by the Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Homo sapiens). The KEGG and GO analyses indicated the MAPK signaling pathway and transcriptional misregulation in cancer are the major signaling pathways during the treatment of Sfb in liver cancer. Moreover, we identified ten key molecules including TP53, MYC, ACTB, CREBBP, HSP90AA1, JUN, UBB, SIRT1, CCNA2, RBX1. Therefore, this study provides novel knowledge of Sfb treated liver cancer.
A novel anti-PD-L1/IL-15 immunocytokine overcomes resistance to PD-L1 blockade and elicits potent antitumor immunity
Authors: Shi Wenqiang , Lv Liangyin , Liu Nan , Wang Hui , Wang Yang , Zhu Wen , Liu Zexin , Zhu Jianwei , Lu Huili 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the demonstrated immense potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in various types of cancers, only a minority of patients respond to these therapies. Immunocytokines designed to deliver an immune-activating cytokine directly to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and block the immune checkpoint simultaneously may provide a strategic advantage over the combination of two single agents. To increase response rate to checkpoint blockade, in this study we developed a novel immunocytokine (LH01) composed of the antibody against programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) fused to IL-15 receptor alpha-sushi domain/IL-15 complex. We demonstrate that LH01 efficiently binds mouse or human PD-L1 and maintains IL-15 stimulatory activity. In syngeneic mouse models, LH01 showed improved antitumor efficacy and safety versus anti-PD-L1 plus LH02 (Fc-Sushi-IL15) combination and overcame resistance to anti-PD-L1 treatment. Mechanistically, the dual anti-immunosuppressive function of LH01 led to activation of both the innate and adaptive immune response and decreased levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) within the TME. Furthermore, combination therapy with LH01 and bevacizumab exerts synergistic antitumor effects in HT29 colorectal xenograft model. Collectively, our results provide supporting evidence that fusion of anti-PD-L1 and IL-15 might be a potent strategy to treat patients with cold tumors or resistance to checkpoint blockade.
How Hippocampus Solves Inverse Problems: A Circuit Hypothesis
Authors: Arathorn David W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes an explicit computational process which reproduces what are considered to be two essential experimentally observed hippocampus capabilities. These are path planning and determining the chain of ordered relationships which bind two concepts. These are both inverse problems. The paper presents algorithmic simulations of the process and a neuronal circuit (and variants) with the same dataflow, both consistent with the known neuroanatomy of the hippocampus. The process described here is purpose-built for hippocampus
GIP receptor agonism improves dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis independently of body weight in obese mice
Authors: Sachs Stephan , Götz Anna , Finan Brian , DiMarchi Richard D. , Döring Yvonne , Weber Christian , Tschöp Matthias H. , Müller Timo D. , Hofmann Susanna M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAgonism at the receptors for the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIPR) is a key component of the novel unimolecular co-agonists which are among the most promising drugs in clinical development for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. The therapeutic effect of chronic GIPR agonism to treat dyslipidemia, and thus to reduce the cardiovascular disease risk, has not been explored yet. Herein we found that treatment with a long-acting acylated GIP analog (Acyl-GIP) reduced dyslipidemia and atherogenesis in male LDL receptor knockout mice. Acyl-GIP administration resulted in smaller adipocytes within the inguinal fat depot and RNAseq analysis of the latter revealed that Acyl-GIP may improve dyslipidemia by directly modulating lipid metabolism in this fat depot. This study identified an unanticipated efficacy of chronic GIPR agonist administration to improve dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.
Patch2Self denoising of Diffusion MRI with Self-Supervision and Matrix Sketching
Authors: Fadnavis Shreyas , Chowdhury Agniva , Batson Joshua , Drineas Petros , Garyfallidis Eleftherios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is the only noninvasive method for quantifying microstructure and reconstructing white-matter pathways in the living human brain. Fluctuations from multiple sources create significant additive noise in DWI data which must be suppressed before subsequent microstructure analysis. We introduce a self-supervised learning method for denoising DWI data, Patch2Self (P2S), which uses the entire volume to learn a full-rank locally linear denoiser for that volume. By taking advantage of the oversampled q-space of DWI data, P2S can separate structure from noise without requiring an explicit model for either. The setup of P2S however can be resource intensive, both in terms of running time and memory usage, as it uses all voxels (n) from all-but-one held-in volumes (d − 1) to learn a linear mapping Φ : ℝn×(d−1) ↦ ℝn for denoising the held-out volume. We exploit the redundancy imposed by P2S to alleviate its performance issues and inspect regions that influence the noise disproportionately. Specifically we introduce P2S-sketch, which makes a two-fold contribution: (1) P2S-sketch uses matrix sketching to perform self-supervised denoising. By solving a sub-problem on a smaller sub-space, so called, coreset, we show how P2S can yield a significant speedup in training time while using less memory. (2) We show how the so-called statistical leverage scores can be used to interpret the denoising of dMRI data, a process that was traditionally treated as a black-box. Our experiments conducted on simulated and real data clearly demonstrate that P2S via matrix sketching (P2S-sketch) does not lead to any loss in denoising quality, while yielding significant speedup and improved memory usage by training on a smaller fraction of the data. With thorough comparisons on real and simulated data, we show that Patch2Self outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods for DWI denoising both in terms of visual conspicuity and downstream modeling tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach via multiple quantitative metrics such as fiber bundle coherence, R2 via cross-validation on model fitting, mean absolute error of DTI residuals across a cohort of sixty subjects.
Serological Responses to the First Three Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Quan Joshua , Ma Christopher , Panaccione Remo , Hracs Lindsay , Sharifi Nastaran , Herauf Michelle , Markovinović Ante , Coward Stephanie , Windsor Joseph W. , Caplan Léa , Ingram Richard J. M. , Kanji Jamil N. , Tipples Graham , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Bernstein Charles N. , Mahoney Douglas J. , Bernatsky Sasha , Benchimol Eric I. , Kaplan Gilaad G. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIndividuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who are immunocompromised may have a reduced serological response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We investigated serological responses following 1st, 2nd, and 3rddoses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in those with IBD.MethodsA prospective cohort study of persons with IBD (n= 496) assessed serological response 1–8 weeks after 1stdose vaccination, 1–8 weeks after 2nddose, 8 or more weeks after 2nddose, and at least 1 week after 3rddose. Seroconversion and geometric mean titer (GMT) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed for antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Multivariable linear regression models assessed the adjusted fold change (FC) in antibody levels.ResultsSeroconversion and GMT increased from post-1stdose to 1–8 weeks post-2nddose (81.6%, 1814 AU/mL vs. 98.7%, 9229 AU/mL,p<0.001), decreased after 8 weeks post-2nddose (94.9%, 3002 AU/mL,p<0.001), and rebounded post-3rddose (99.6%, 14639 AU/mL,p<0.001). Prednisone was the only IBD-related medication associated with diminished antibody response after 3rd-dose vaccination (FC: 0.07 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.20]). Antibody levels steadily decline following the 2nd(FC: 0.92 [95% CI: 0.90, 0.94] per week) and 3rddose (FC: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.84, 0.92] per week) of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.ConclusionA three-dose regimen of vaccination to SARS-CoV-2 yields a robust antibody response for those with IBD across all classes of IBD therapies except for prednisone. The decaying antibody levels following the 3rddose of the vaccine should be monitored in future studies.
Socioeconomic, demographic and environmental factors inform intervention prioritization in urban Nigeria
Authors: Chiziba Chilochibi , Diallo Ousmane , Bertozzi-Villa Amelia , Weiss Dan , Mercer Laina , Gerardin Jaline , Ozodiegwu Ifeoma D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNigeria is one of three countries projected to have the largest absolute increase in the size of its urban population and this could intensify malaria transmission in cities. Accelerated urban population growth is out-pacing the availability of affordable housing and basic services and resulting in living conditions that foster vector breeding and heterogeneous malaria transmission. Understanding community determinants of malaria transmission in urban areas informs the targeting of interventions to populations at greatest risk. In this study, we analyzed cluster-level data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) as well as geospatial covariates to describe malaria burden and its determinants in areas administratively defined as urban in Nigeria. Overall, we found low malaria test positivity across urban areas,. We observed declines in test positivity rate over time and identified the percentage of individuals with post-primary education, the percentage of individuals in the rich wealth quintiles, the percentage of individuals living in improved housing in 2015, all age population density, median age, the percentage of children under the age of five that sought medical treatment for fever, total precipitation and enhanced vegetation index as key community predictors of malaria transmission intensity. The unrepresentativeness of the DHS and MIS in urban settings at the state and geopolitical zonal level, regional differences in malaria seasonality across Nigeria, and information detection bias were among likely factors that limited our ability to compare malaria burden across geographic space and ultimately drove model uncertainty. Nevertheless, study findings provide a starting point for informing decisions on intervention prioritization within urban spaces and underscore the need for improved regionally-focused surveillance systems in Nigeria.