bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility-Based Bayesian Personalized Treatment Selection for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Juhee , Thall Peter F. , Lim Bora , Msaouel Pavlos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA Bayesian method is proposed for personalized treatment selection in settings where data are available from a randomized clinical trial with two or more outcomes. The motivating application is a randomized trial that compared letrozole plus bevacizumab to letrozole alone as first-line therapy for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. The combination treatment arm had larger median progression-free survival time, but also a higher rate of severe toxicities. This suggests that the risk-benefit trade-off between these two outcomes should play a central role in selecting each patient's treatment, particularly since older patients are less likely to tolerate severe toxicities. To quantify the desirability of each possible outcome combination for an individual patient, we elicited from breast cancer oncologists a utility function that varied with age. The utility was used as an explicit criterion for quantifying risk-benefit trade-offs when making personalized treatment selections. A Bayesian nonparametric multivariate regression model with a dependent Dirichlet process prior was fit to the trial data. Under the fitted model, a new patient's treatment can be selected based on the posterior predictive utility distribution. For the breast cancer trial dataset, the optimal treatment depends on the patient's age, with the combination preferable for patients 70 years or younger and the single agent preferable for patients older than 70.
“Please help us with important research”: A retrospective analysis examining the impact of research invitation and participation on subsequent blood donor behavior
Authors: Kruse Sarah P. , Nguyen Lilly , Karki Surendra , Thorpe Rachel , Davison Tanya E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs over‐communication can negatively impact consumer behavior, it is important to understand the impact of research communication on donors' future donation behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of (i) being invited to participate in research, and (ii) participating in that research, on future donation behavior.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted with 36,418 donors who were invited to participate in one of 17 research projects, and a matched control group of 36,252 non‐invited donors. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between invitation or participation in the studies and the likelihood of creating an appointment to donate and attending an appointment at 1, 3, and 6 months.ResultsDonors were significantly more likely to create an appointment within 14 days of receiving an invitation compared to controls (RR: 1.91, 95% CI 1.81–2.02), and to return to donate at 1 (RR:1.18, 95% CI 1.13–1.24), 3 (RR:1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.13) and 6 (RR:1.11, 95% CI 1.09–1.13) months compared to non‐invited controls. Donors who participated in the research were more likely to return than control donors at all time points, while donors who were invited but did not participate were also likely to return more at 1 month (RR:1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.11) and 6 months (RR:1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.5) than non‐invited controls.DiscussionOur findings suggest that research participation is positively associated with future donor behavior and provides reassurance that contacting donors for research does not negatively impact blood collections.
Neonatal antibiotics have long term sex‐dependent effects on the enteric nervous system
Authors: Poon Sabrina S. B. , Hung Lin Y. , Wu Qinglong , Parathan Pavitha , Yalcinkaya Nazli , Haag Anthony , Luna Ruth Ann , Bornstein Joel C. , Savidge Tor C. , Foong Jaime P. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInfants and young children receive the highest exposures to antibiotics globally. Although there is building evidence that early life exposure to antibiotics increases susceptibility to various diseases including gut disorders later in life, the lasting impact of early life antibiotics on the physiology of the gut and its enteric nervous system (ENS) remains unclear. We treated neonatal mice with the antibiotic vancomycin during their first 10 postnatal days, then examined potential lasting effects of the antibiotic treatment on their colons during young adulthood (6 weeks old). We found that neonatal vancomycin treatment disrupted the gut functions of young adult female and male mice differently. Antibiotic‐exposed females had significantly longer whole gut transit while antibiotic‐treated males had significantly lower faecal weights compared to controls. Both male and female antibiotic‐treated mice had greater percentages of faecal water content. Neonatal vancomycin treatment also had sexually dimorphic impacts on the neurochemistry and Ca2+ activity of young adult myenteric and submucosal neurons. Myenteric neurons of male mice were more disrupted than those of females, while opposing changes in submucosal neurons were seen in each sex. Neonatal vancomycin also induced sustained changes in colonic microbiota and lasting depletion of mucosal serotonin (5‐HT) levels. Antibiotic impacts on microbiota and mucosal 5‐HT were not sex‐dependent, but we propose that the responses of the host to these changes are sex‐specific. This first demonstration of long‐term impacts of neonatal antibiotics on the ENS, gut microbiota and mucosal 5‐HT has important implications for gut function and other physiological systems of the host.
imageKey points
Early life exposure to antibiotics can increase susceptibility to diseases including functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders later in life. Yet, the lasting impact of this common therapy on the gut and its enteric nervous system (ENS) remains unclear.
We investigated the long‐term impact of neonatal antibiotic treatment by treating mice with the antibiotic vancomycin during their neonatal period, then examining their colons during young adulthood.
Adolescent female mice given neonatal vancomycin treatment had significantly longer whole gut transit times, while adolescent male and female mice treated with neonatal antibiotics had significantly wetter stools.
Effects of neonatal vancomycin treatment on the neurochemistry and Ca2+ activity of myenteric and submucosal neurons were sexually dimorphic. Neonatal vancomycin also had lasting effects on the colonic microbiome and mucosal serotonin biosynthesis that were not sex‐dependent.
Different male and female responses to antibiotic‐induced disruptions of the ENS, microbiota and mucosal serotonin biosynthesis can lead to sex‐specific impacts on gut function.
Insights from and limitations of data linkage studies: analysis of short-stay urgent admission referral source from routinely collected Scottish data
Authors: Dick Smita , Kyle Richard , Wilson Philip , Aucott Lorna , France Emma , King E , Malcolm Cari , Hoddinott Pat , Turner Stephen W 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThis study identified the referral source for urgent short-stay admissions (SSAs) and compared characteristics of children with SSA stratified by different referral sources.MethodsRoutinely acquired data from urgent admissions to Scottish hospitals during 2015–2017 were linked to data held by the three referral sources: emergency department (ED), out-of-hours (OOH) service and general practice (GP).ResultsThere were 171 039 admissions including 92 229 (54%) SSAs. Only 171 (19%) of all of Scotland’s GP practices contributed data. Among the subgroup of 10 588 SSAs where GP data were available (11% all SSA), there was contact with the following referral source on the day of admission: only ED, 1853 (18%); only GP, 3384 (32%); and only OOH, 823 (8%). Additionally, 2165 (20%) had contact with more than one referral source, and 1037 (10%) had contact with referral source(s) on the day before the admission. When all 92 229 SSAs were considered, those with an ED referrer were more likely to be for older children, of white ethnicity, living in more deprived communities and diagnosed with asthma, convulsions or croup. The odds ratio for an SSA for a given condition differed by referral source and ranged from 0.07 to 1.9 (with reference to ED referrals).ConclusionThis study yielded insights and potential limitations regarding data linkage in a healthcare setting. Data coverage, particularly from primary care, needs to improve further. Evidence from data linkage studies can inform future intervention designed to provide safe integrated care pathways.
Risk factors for infections after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP): a retrospective cohort analysis of US Medicare Fee-For-Service claims, 2015–2021
Authors: Hutfless Susan , Shiratori Yasutoshi , Chu Daniel , Liu Simon , Kalloo Anthony 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveContaminated reprocessed duodenoscopes pose a serious threat to patients in the endoscopy unit. Despite manufacturer changes to reprocessing guidelines, 20% of reprocessed duodenoscopes meet criteria for quarantine-level contamination based on microbiological or ATP testing. We aimed to examine risk factors for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) infection.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingUS Medicare Fee-For-Service claims (2015–2021) and all-payer data (2017).ParticipantsIn the Medicare data, 823 575 ERCP procedures were included. The all-payer five-state data, 16 609 procedures were included.InterventionsERCP was identified by Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Disease (ICD) procedure codes. We identified inpatient infections using ICD diagnosis codes.Outcome measuresA logistic regression model predicted risk factors for infections occurring within 7-day and 30-day periods following ERCP. 7-day and 30-day all-cause hospitalisations and post-ERCP pancreatitis were also examined.ResultsPost-ERCP infection occurred within 3.5% of 7-day and 7.7% of 30-day periods in Medicare. Disposable duodenoscopes were billed in 711 procedures, with 1.4% (n=10, 7-day) and 3.5% (n=25, 30-day) post-ERCP infections. Urgent ERCPs were the strongest risk factor for infections in the 7-day period (OR 3.3, 95% CI 3.2 to 3.4). Chronic conditions, sex (male), age (older) and race (non-white) were also risk factors. In the all-payer five-state data, fewer infections (2.4%, 7 days) were observed. No difference arose between Medicare and other payers for 7-day period infections (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.3).ConclusionsUrgent ERCPs, patient chronic conditions and patient demographics are post-ERCP infection risk factors. Patients with infection risk factors should be targeted for specialised infection control prevention measures, including disposable duodenoscopes.
Trends in direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) prescribing in English primary care (2014–2019)
Authors: Joy Mark , Williams John , Emanuel Subo , Kar Debasish , Fan Xuejuan , Delanerolle Gayathri , Field Benjamin CT , Heiss Christian , Pollock Kevin G , Sandler Belinda , Arora Jasleen , Sheppard James P , Feher Michael , Hobbs FD Richard , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIn England, most prescribing of direct-acting oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (AF) is in primary care. However, there remain gaps in our understanding of dosage and disparities in use. We aimed to describe trends in direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) prescribing, including dose reduction in people with renal impairment and other criteria, and adherence.MethodsUsing English primary care sentinel network data from 2014 to 2019, we assessed appropriate DOAC dose adjustment with creatinine clearance (CrCl). Our primary care sentinel cohort was a subset of 722 general practices, with 6.46 million currently registered patients at the time of this study.ResultsOf 6 464 129 people in the cohort, 2.3% were aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of AF, and 30.8% of these were prescribed vitamin K antagonist and 69.1% DOACs. Appropriate DOAC prescribing following CrCl measures improved between 2014 and 2019; dabigatran from 21.3% (95% CI 15.1% to 28.8%) to 48.7% (95% CI 45.0% to 52.4%); rivaroxaban from 22.1% (95% CI 16.7% to 28.4%) to 49.9% (95% CI 48.5% to 53.3%); edoxaban from 10.0% (95% CI 0.3% to 44.5%) in 2016 to 57.6% (95% CI 54.5% to 60.7%) in 2019; apixaban from 30.8% (95% CI 9.1% to 61.4%) in 2015 to 60.5% (95% CI 57.8% to 63.2%) in 2019.Adherence was highest for factor Xa inhibitors, increasing from 50.1% (95% CI 47.7% to 52.4%) in 2014 to 57.8% (95% CI 57.4% to 58.2%) in 2019. Asian and black/mixed ethnicity was associated with non-adherence (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.09) as was male gender (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.22), higher socioeconomic status (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.68), being an ex-smoker (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19) and hypertension (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17).ConclusionsThe volume and quality of DOAC prescribing has increased yearly. Future interventions to augment quality of anticoagulant management should target disparities in adherence.
Fermi’s favorite figure: the history of the pseudopotential concept in atomic physics and neutron physics
Authors: Gould Christopher R. , Sharapov Eduard I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the early 1930’s, Fermi wrote two papers in which he introduced the concepts of “scattering length” and “pseudopotential.” Since that time, these terms have become universally associated with low energy scattering phenomena. Even though the two papers are very different—one in atomic physics, the other in neutron physics—a simple figure underlies both. The figure appears many times in Fermi’s work. We review how the two papers came about and briefly discuss modern developments of the work that Fermi initiated with these two remarkable papers.
An integrated framework for surface deformation modelling and induced seismicity forecasting due to reservoir operations
Authors: Meyer Hadrien , Smith Jonathan D. , Bourne Stephen , Avouac Jean-Philippe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Induced seismicity and surface deformation are common observable manifestations of the geomechanical effect of reservoir operations whether related to geothermal energy production, gas extraction or the storage of carbon dioxide, gas, air or hydrogen. Modelling tools to quantitatively predict surface deformation and seismicity based on operation data could thus help manage such reservoirs. To that effect, we present an integrated and modular modelling framework which combines reservoir modelling, geomechanical modelling and earthquake forecasting. To allow effective computational cost, we assume vertical flow equilibrium, semi-analytical Green's functions to calculate surface deformation and poroelastic stresses and a simple earthquake nucleation model based on Coulomb stress changes. We use the test case of the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands to validate the modelling framework and assess its usefulness for reservoir management. For this application, given the relative simplicity of this sandstone reservoir, we assume homogeneous porosity and permeability and single-phase flow. The model fits the measured pressure well, yielding a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.95 MPa, and the seismicity observations as well. The pressure residuals show, however, a systematic increase with time that probably reflects groundwater ingression into the depleted reservoir. The interaction with groundwater could be accounted for by implementing a multiphase-flow vertical flow equilibrium (VFE) model. This is probably the major factor that limits the general applicability of the modelling framework. Nevertheless, he modelled subsidence and seismicity fit very well the historical observations in the case of the Groningen gas field.
Cognitive Function and Vitamin D Status in the Chinese Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zhang Jing , Hu Jun , Zhou Ru , Xu Yuzhen 
Published: September 2022

Objective. Vitamin D insufficiency and the cognitive function decline are both common in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). The present study evaluated the relation between cognitive function and circulating vitamin D levels in HD patients in Wannan Medical College Affiliated Yijishan Hospital, China. Methods. This study was conducted in 80 patients receiving HD in Wannan Medical College Affiliated Yijishan Hospital. To measure cognitive function, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B) Chinese Version was used. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is applied to assess vitamin D status, was tested. One-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test, and the correlation and regression analysis were used in this study. Results. Based on the MoCA-B, cognitive function decline (the scores below 26) was present in 28 HD patients, accounting for 35% (28/80). The mean age of these patients is

50.5
±
10.9

years old. The mean level of 25(OH)D was

16.1
±
7.3

ng
/
ml

in 80 HD patients. In univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between MoCA-B score and serum 25(OH)D level (

p
<
0.05

). The level of 25(OH)D was positively correlated with MoCA-B score (

r
=
0.312

,

p
=
0.023

), and the association was independent of demographic and clinical features. Conclusions. Vitamin D insufficiency may contribute to cognitive function decline in HD patients. Serum level of 25(OH)D is an independent protective factor of cognitive function in the HD patients.
The Sharp Upper Bounds of the Hankel Determinant on Logarithmic Coefficients for Certain Analytic Functions Connected with Eight-Shaped Domains
Authors: Sunthrayuth Pongsakorn , Iqbal Naveed , Naeem Muhammad , Jawarneh Yousef , Samura Sallieu K. 
Published: September 2022

The present study’s intention is to produce exact estimations of some problems involving logarithmic coefficients for functions belonging to the considered subcollection

B

T

sin

of the bounded turning class. Furthermore, for the class

B

T

sin

, we look into the accurate bounds of the Zalcman inequality, Fekete-Szegö inequality along with

D

2
,
1

G

g

/
2

and

D

2
,
2

G

g

/
2

. Importantly, all of these bounds are shown to be sharp.
Exercise and Metformin Intervention Prevents Lipotoxicity-Induced Hepatocyte Apoptosis by Alleviating Oxidative and ER Stress and Activating the AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in db/db Mice
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Yuting , Liu Xiaowei , Yuan Xinmeng , Xiang Mengqi , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Liumei , Zhu Shouqian , Lu Jiao , Tang Qiang , Cheng Sulin 
Published: September 2022

Objective. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) commonly coexist and act synergistically to drive adverse clinical outcomes. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of exercise intervention and oral hypoglycaemic drug of metformin (MET) alone or combined on hepatic lipid accumulation. To investigate if oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are involved in lipotoxicity-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in diabetic mice and whether exercise and/or MET alleviated oxidative stress or ERS-apoptosis by AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods. Forty db/db mice with diabetes (

random

blood

glucose
≥
250

mg
/
dL

) were randomly allocated into four groups: control (CON), exercise training alone (EX), metformin treatment alone (MET), and exercise combined with metformin (EM) groups. Hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining were carried out to observe hepatic lipid accumulation. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL methods were used to detect the protein expression of the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and the apoptosis level of hepatocytes. ERS-related gene expression and the AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway were tested by western blotting. Results. Our data showed that db/db mice exhibited increased liver lipid accumulation, which induced oxidative and ER stress of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, and hepatocyte apoptosis. MET combined with exercise training significantly alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing BiP expression, the central regulator of ER homeostasis, and its downstream PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, as well as upregulated the AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway. Moreover, the combination of exercise and MET displayed protective effects on hepatocyte apoptosis by downregulating Bax expression and TUNEL-positive staining, restoring the balance of cleaved-caspase-3 and caspase-3, and improving the antioxidant defense system to prevent oxidative damage in db/db mice. Conclusion. Compared to MET or exercise intervention alone, the combined exercise and metformin exhibited significant effect on ameliorating hepatic steatosis, inhibiting oxidative and ER stress-induced hepatocyte apoptosis via improving the capacity of the antioxidant defense system and suppression of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway. Furthermore, upregulation of AMPK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway might be a key crosstalk between MET and exercise, which may have additive effects on alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation.
Effect of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Motor Function and Living Ability of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Based on Orem’s Self-Care Theory
Authors: Yang Yuqin , Niu Lu 
Published: September 2022

Objective. To explore the effect of early rehabilitation nursing on motor function and living ability of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on Orem’s self-care theory. Methods. A total of 60 patients with TBI treated in our hospital from February 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into a control group and a research group. The control group adopted the early rehabilitation nursing model, while the research group adopted the early rehabilitation nursing model based on Orem’s self-nursing theory. Nursing satisfaction, Fugl-Meyer score, NIH-SS score, Barthel index, quality of life score, and compliance were in the comparison of the two groups. Results. The nursing satisfaction of the research group was higher than that of the control group (

P

< 0.05). Compared with the control group, the Fugl-Meyer scores of the research group were higher at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after nursing (

P

< 0.05). After nursing, the NIH-SS score of the two groups decreased. In the comparison of the two groups, the NIH-SS score of the research group at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after nursing was lower (

P

< 0.05). After nursing, the Barthel index of the two groups increased. In the comparison of the two groups, the Barthel index of the research group was higher compared to the control group at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after nursing (

P

< 0.05). The scores of physiological function, psychological function, social function, and health self-cognition in the research group were lower (

P

< 0.05). The compliance rate of the research group was higher than that of the control group (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. Patients with TBI receive early rehabilitation nursing based on Orem’s self-care theory, which can effectively improve patient satisfaction and compliance and achieve the purpose of improving motor function and living ability. This nursing program is worth popularizing in the clinic.