bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol not particle concentration mediates the atherogenic risk conferred by apolipoprotein B particles: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Helgadottir Anna , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Snaebjarnarson Audunn , Stefansdottir Lilja , Sveinbjornsson Gardar , Tragante Vinicius , Björnsson Eyþór , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Gretarsdottir Solveig , Helgason Hannes , Saemundsdottir Jona , Olafsson Isleifur , Thune Jens Jakob , Raja Anna Axelsson , Ghouse Jonas , Olesen Morten Salling , Christensen Alex , Jacobsen Rikke Louise , Dowsett Joseph , Bruun Mie Topholm , Nielsen Kaspar , Knowlton Kirk , Nadauld Lincoln , Benediktsson Rafn , Erikstrup Christian , Pedersen Ole B , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren ,   DBDS Genomic Consortium, Andersen Steffen , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren , Burgdorf Kristoffer , Didriksen Maria , Dinh Khoa Manh , Erikstrup Christian , Gudbjartsson Daniel , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Hjalgrim Henrik , Jemec Gregor , Jennum Poul , Johansson Pär Ingemar , Larsen Margit Anita Hørup , Mikkelsen Susan , Nielsen Kasper Rene , Nyegaard Mette , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger , Stefansson Kari , Stefánsson Hreinn , Sækmose Susanne , Sørensen Erik , Þorsteinsdóttir Unnur , Brun Mie Topholm , Ullum Henrik , Werge Thomas , Bundgaard Henning , Ostrowski Sisse R , Sulem Patrick , Arnar David O , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Gudbjartsson Daniel F , Stefansson Kari , Holm Hilma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background and aims
The causal contribution of apolipoprotein B (apoB) particles to coronary artery disease (CAD) is established. We examined whether this atherogenic contribution is better reflected by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) or apoB particle concentration.

Method and results
We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using 235 variants as genetic instruments; testing the relationship between their effects on the exposures, non-HDL-C and apoB, and on the outcome CAD using weighted regression. Variant effect estimates on the exposures came from the UK Biobank (N = 376 336) and on the outcome from a meta-analysis of five CAD datasets (187 451 cases and 793 315 controls). Subsequently, we carried out sensitivity and replication analyses.
In univariate MR analysis, both exposures associated with CAD (βnon-HDL-C = 0.40, P = 2.8 × 10−48 and βapoB = 0.38, P = 1.3 × 10−44). Adding effects on non-HDL-C into a model that already included those on apoB significantly improved the genetically predicted CAD effects (P = 3.9 × 10−5), while adding apoB into the model including non-HDL-C did not (P = 0.69). Thirty-five per cent (82/235) of the variants used as genetic instruments had discordant effects on the exposures, associating with non-HDL-C/apoB ratio at P &lt; 2.1 × 10−4 (0.05/235). Fifty-one variants associated at genome-wide significance.

Conclusion
Many sequence variants have discordant effects on non-HDL-C and apoB. These variants allowed us to show that the causal mechanism underlying the relationship between apolipoprotein B particles and CAD is more associated with non-HDL-C than apoB particle concentration.
Mechanically robust bamboo node and its hierarchically fibrous structural design
Authors: Chen Si-Ming , Zhang Si-Chao , Gao Huai-Ling , Wang Quan , Zhou LiChuan , Zhao Hao-Yu , Li Xin-Yu , Gong Ming , Pan Xiao-Feng , Cui Chen , Wang Ze-Yu , Zhang YongLiang , Wu HengAn , Yu Shu-Hong 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Although short bamboo nodes function in mechanical support and fluid exchange for bamboo survival, their structures are not fully understood compared to unidirectional fibrous internodes. Here, we identify the spatial heterostructure of the bamboo node via multiscale imaging strategies and investigate its mechanical properties by multimodal mechanical tests. We find three kinds of hierarchical fiber reinforcement schemes that originate from the bamboo node, including spatially tightened interlocking, triaxial interconnected scaffolding and isotropic intertwining. These reinforcement schemes, built on porous vascular bundles, microfibers and more-refined twist-aligned nanofibers, govern the structural stability of the bamboo via hierarchical toughening. In addition, the spatial liquid transport associated with these multiscale fibers within the bamboo node is experimentally verified, which gives perceptible evidence for life-indispensable multidirectional fluid exchange. The functional integration of mechanical reinforcement and liquid transport reflects the fact that the bamboo node has opted for elaborate structural optimization rather than ingredient richness. This study will advance our understanding of biological materials and provide insight into the design of fiber-reinforced structures and biomass utilization.
How does colonial heritage segment food markets? Evidence from rice consumers in Mauritania
Authors: Britwum Kofi , Demont Matty 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Reducing Africa's dependence on Asian rice imports requires tailoring local rice products to food markets that are segmented by cultural heritage of ancient rice domestication and colonial heritage of more recent import substitution policies. Using experimental auctions, we examine quality upgrading and branding spillovers from Senegal by assessing the competitiveness of Senegalese vis-à-vis imported Asian rice products in an urban market in Mauritania. The Mauritanian rice market is mainly shaped by colonial heritage and is segmented into (i) elite White Hassanis, (ii) lower caste Black Hassanis, (iii) immigrants with colonial heritage, and (iv) a smaller group of immigrants with cultural heritage. While colonial heritage generally tends to incline consumers towards imported rice, local rice is preferred by Black Hassanis, older and more educated consumers, housewives, and wealthier families. This evidence can support policymakers and value chain actors in their efforts to spill over rice value chain upgrading between the Senegalese and Mauritanian river banks along the Senegal River Valley.
Efficacy of Long-Term Indomethacin Therapy in Prolonging Pregnancy After Fetoscopic Laser Surgery for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: A Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Mustafa H. J. , Krispin E. , Tadbiri H. , Espinoza J. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Nassr A. A. , Donepudi R. , Belfort M. A. , Cortes M. S. , Pederson N. , Harman C. , Turan O. M. 
Published: September 2022

(Abstracted from BJOG 2022;129:597–606)
Approximately 10% to 15% of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies are affected by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Fetoscopic laser surgery is recognized as the standard for treating such pregnancies.
Collaboration and Shared Decision-Making Between Patients and Clinicians in Preventive Health Care Decisions and US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations
Authors: Davidson Karina W. , Mangione Carol M. , Barry Michael J. , Nicholson Wanda K. , Cabana Michael D. , Caughey Aaron B. , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Doubeni Chyke A. , Kubik Martha , Li Li , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Pbert Lori , Silverstein Michael , Stevermer James , Tseng Chien-Wen , Wong John B. 
Published: September 2022

(Abstracted from JAMA 2022;327:1171–1176)
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) places high value on the right of patients to be informed about and to participate in personal health care decisions. In US health care, this right is regarded as a core value both in terms of decisions regarding prevention and interventions delivered to patients not seeking targeted condition care.
Patterns of Sexual Activity and the Development of Sexual Pain Across the Menopausal Transition
Authors: Waetjen L. Elaine , Johnson Wesley O. , Xing Guibo , Hess Rachel , Avis Nancy E. , Reed Barbara D. , Dugan Sheila A. , Neal-Perry Genevieve , Gold Ellen B. ,   for the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Published: September 2022

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2022;139:1130–1140)
A frequently reported symptom in mid-life and older women is painful intercourse. Prevalence estimates range from 20% to 59% in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Sperm Selection With Hyaluronic Acid Improved Live Birth Outcomes Among Older Couples and Was Connected to Sperm DNA Quality, Potentially Affecting All Treatment Outcomes
Authors: West Robert , Coomarasamy Arri , Frew Lorraine , Hutton Rachel , Kirkman-Brown Jackson , Lawlor Martin , Lewis Sheena , Partanen Riitta , Payne-Dwyer Alex , Román-Montañana Claudia , Torabi Forough , Tsagdi Sofia , Miller David 
Published: September 2022

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod 2022;37:1106–1125)
With intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), many natural barriers that would normally prevent the entry of abnormal sperm are lost, increasing the importance of sperm DNA integrity for successful in vitro fertilization. There is currently no consensus on the optimal assay for measuring sperm DNA quality (DNAq), defined as any structural aspect of sperm chromatin that can compromise function if disrupted.
Resources for Patient Mental Health and Well-being after Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Obey Mitchel R. , Miller Anna N. 
Published: September 2022

Summary:
Orthopaedic trauma is an unanticipated life-altering experience for patients. Additionally, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders has been found to be higher in patients with trauma than in the general adult population. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress disorder have been reported in up to 56% of patients throughout their postoperative course. Furthermore, symptoms of any one of these illnesses have been consistently associated with worse patient outcomes after treatment of traumatic orthopaedic injuries. This includes increased levels of pain and disability, postoperative complications, and, in some cases, higher rates of hospital readmission. For most patients with trauma, focus is placed on physical therapy and rehabilitation in the acute postoperative setting to help patients regain function and strength; however, more recent studies have demonstrated equal importance of the social and psychological factors involved with trauma and their impact on outcomes. Therefore, it is essential for orthopaedic surgeons and other members of the care team to be adept in the screening and treatment of psychiatric disorders. For patients struggling with these conditions, several treatment resources exist, which can be used both during their admission and after discharge. Thus, earlier recognition and intervention with appropriate treatment and referrals should be emphasized to improve outcomes. This review discusses the social and psychological impacts of orthopaedic trauma on patients’ mental health and well-being and outlines numerous resources available to patients as they recover from their injuries.
Recovery After Musculoskeletal Injury: Mental and Social Health
Authors: Ring David 
Published: September 2022

Summary:
Recovery from injury involves painful movement and activity, painful stretches and muscle strengthening, and adjustment to permanent impairment. Recovery is facilitated by embracing the concept that painful movement can be healthy, which is easier when one has more hope, less worry, and greater social supports and security. Evolution of one's identity to match the new physical status is a hallmark of a healthy outcome and is largely determined by mental and social health factors. When infection, loss of alignment or fixation, and nerve issues or compartment syndrome are unlikely, greater discomfort and incapability that usual for a given pathology or stage of recovery signal opportunities for improved mental and social health. Surgeons may be the clinicians most qualified to make this discernment. A surgeon who has gained a patient's trust can start to noticed despair, worry, and unhelpful thinking such as fear of painful movement. Reorienting people to greater hope and security and a healthier interpretation of the pains associated with the body's recovery can be initiated by the surgeon and facilitated by social workers, psychologist, and physical, occupational and hand therapists trained in treatments that combine mental and physical therapies.
ODI <25 Denotes Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Shahi Pratyush , Shinn Daniel , Singh Nishtha , Subramanian Tejas , Song Junho , Dalal Sidhant , Araghi Kasra , Melissaridou Dimitra , Sheha Evan , Dowdell James , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: September 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Objective.
To determine the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) cut-off for achieving patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) at 1 year following minimally invasive lumbar spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
An absolute score denoting PASS, rather than a change score denoting minimal clinically important difference (MCID), might be a better metric to assess clinical outcomes.

Methods.
Patients who underwent primary minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF) or decompression were included. The outcome measure was ODI. The anchor question was the Global Rating Change (GRC): “Compared to preoperative, you feel 1) much better, 2) slightly better, 3) same, 4) slightly worse, or 5) much worse.” For analysis, it was collapsed to a dichotomous outcome variable (acceptable = response of 1 or 2, unacceptable = response of 3,4, or 5). Proportion of patients achieving PASS and the ODI cut-off using receiver operator curve (ROC) analyses were assessed for the overall cohort as well as subgroups based on age, gender, type of surgery, and preoperative ODI. Differences between the PASS and MCID metrics were analyzed.

Results.
137 patients were included. 87% of patients achieved PASS. Patients <65y and those undergoing fusion were more likely to achieve PASS. The ROC analysis revealed an ODI cut-off of 25.2 to achieve PASS (area under the curve, AUC: 0.872, sensitivity: 82%, specificity: 83%). The subgroup analyses based on age, gender, and preoperative ODI revealed AUCs >0.8 and ODI threshold values consistent between 25.2 and 25.5 (except 28.4 in patients with preoperative ODI >40). PASS was found to have significantly higher sensitivity compared to MCID (82% vs. 69%, P=0.01).

Conclusions.
Patients with ODI <25 are expected to achieve PASS, irrespective of age, gender, and preoperative disability. PASS was found to have significantly higher sensitivity than MCID.

Level of Evidence.
3
Association Between Hypercholesterolemia and Neck Pain in a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study
Authors: Ahorukomeye Peter , Mahajan Arushi , Du Jerry , Yu Charles C. , Bhandutia Amit K. , Ahn Nicholas U. 
Published: September 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective cross-sectional analysis.

Summary of Background Data.
Degenerative changes are a major contributor to chronic neck pain. According to the vascular hypothesis of disc disease, atherosclerosis of the segmental arteries contributes to ischemia of the lumbar discs and resulting degenerative changes. Prior studies have demonstrated an association between atherosclerotic risk factors and lumbar degenerative disease. Similarly, atherosclerosis may contribute to cervical disc degeneration. Cardiovascular disease is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, particularly in small vessels to the cervical spine. Hypercholesterolemia is a major contributor to the morbidity associated with cardiovascular disease. This study aims to examine the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and neck pain.

Methods.
Analysis was focused on the respondents to neck pain items of the standardized questionnaire. Odds ratios were calculated, and logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic, education, and mental health conditions.

Results.
There were 30,461 participants in the 2018 MEPS survey. Of those, 1,049 (3.4%) subjects responded to presence of a diagnosis of cervical disorders with neck pain. Mean age of respondents was 62.6±16.1. Overall prevalence of neck pain was 21.1%. Prevalence of neck pain was similar by age, sex, education level and occupation (P>0.05 for each). Neck pain was more prevalent in white race and lower total family income (P<0.05). Current everyday smokers also had higher prevalence of neck pain (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed a higher prevalence of neck pain in those with hypercholesterolemia after controlling for relevant covariates (aOR=1.54 [95% CI 1.08–2.22], P=0.018).

Conclusions.
Subjects with hypercholesterolemia were 54% more likely to have neck pain after controlling for confounders. This suggests that hypercholesterolemia has a role to play in degeneration of the cervical spine. Therefore, prevention and proper management of high cholesterol may curtail the development and progression of degenerative cervical disc disease and thus, neck pain.
IRREVERSIBLE RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM TOXICITY ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR INHIBITOR THERAPY
Authors: Houghton Odette M. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
Erdafitinib is a fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor indicated for the treatment of cancer. A case of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor–associated retinopathy that resulted in significant visual symptoms and chronic subretinal abnormalities is reported.

Methods:
A 73-year-old man with a history of relapsed multiple myeloma was treated with erdafitinib. Soon after his fourth treatment cycle, he developed blurred vision in both eyes. Therapy with erdafitinib was subsequently discontinued.

Results:
Funduscopic examination and optical coherence tomography of both eyes revealed multifocal subretinal fluid in the macula of both eyes. Eleven weeks after cessation of the erdafitinib, the visual acuity improved but the patient reported bilateral annular scotomas. Evaluation was notable for resolution of the subretinal fluid with the development irregular subfoveal thickening in both eyes. The patient's symptoms improved, but the subfoveal abnormalities were persistent at 14 months follow-up.

Conclusion:
Erdafitinib may be associated with permanent retinal pigment epithelium toxicity.
Leaky Gut and Dermatological Conditions
Authors: Nickles Melissa A. , Velez Kathie , Maloh Jessica , Shakhbazova Anastasia , Singh Marvin , Sivamani Raja K. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND
Increased intestinal permeability, known as leaky gut syndrome, occurs when the intestinal lining of the gastrointestinal tract has been damaged. The influx of unwanted material in the bloodstream can induce an immune response releasing proinflammatory cytokines that have been thought to be correlated with dermatologic conditions.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate the role of leaky gut in dermatological conditions.

Methods
PubMed and Embase were systematically searched through September 2020 for clinical studies that measured intestinal permeability in participants with a dermatological condition.

RESULTS
We identified 20 studies including participants with dermatitis herpetiformis, atopic dermatitis/eczema, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, bullous pemphigoid, and pemphigus vulgaris/foliaceus. Atopic dermatitis was the most well studied. Studies utilized a range of measures of intestinal permeability, including sugar excretion tests and serum markers. For all disorders reviewed, except bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris/foliaceus, there was evidence of increased intestinal permeability in the disease state compared with controls.

LIMITATIONS
The range of methodology across clinical studies makes it difficult to draw conclusions across results. In addition, studies tended to be small, and only one study included an intervention to target leaky gut syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS
We have found preliminary evidence of a relationship between leaky gut and certain dermatological conditions.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis After Prior Burn Injury
Authors: Holmes Maggie , Tabba Daim , Mockbee Chelsea S. , Brodell Robert T. , Nahar Vinayak K. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Localized pruritus and blistering is commonly caused by an allergic contact dermatitis. A patient with a thermal burn is presented who applied triple antibiotic cream leading to the development of this iatrogenic condition.
Alopecia Areata
Authors: Caro Sarah R. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this search was to review the literature on the subject of alopecia areata.

METHODS
This literary review utilized the library databases of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PubMed as well as the medical research platform Ovid, exploring topics associated with the subject matter of alopecia areata examining issues associated with the autoimmune disorder including diagnosis, treatment, and the patient experience. This investigation examines the diagnosis and progression of the autoimmune disease including relevant and recent literature reflecting research outcomes from the specialties of dermatology, psychology, genetics, and nursing.

RESULTS
In summary, the outcome of the literature exploration reflects research from the specialties of dermatology, psychology, and medicine, revealing numerous difficulties patients diagnosed with alopecia areata experience.

CONCLUSION
The nursing profession pursues research to promote best practice and improve patient outcomes; however, nursing research falls short on the topic of alopecia areata. This autoimmune disorder causes a significant psychological impact on people living with the disease; therefore, individuals diagnosed with the condition experience the unique phenomenon of living without hair. The literature review indicates the need for further investigation of the essence of living with the daily reality of cyclic patterns of hair loss and the resulting health-illness transition from one stable state of health to another state of health.
Design of a Nursing Intervention Program to Prevent Adolescents' Perioperative Anxiety
Authors: Pestana-Santos Marcia , Pestana-Santos Adriana , Martins Inês Esteves , Santos Margarida Reis , Lomba Lurdes 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Adolescents undergoing surgery have expressed a willingness to obtain information about their surgery and to be involved in the decisions about their health care process. Around 80% of adolescents experience anxiety before undergoing surgery. On the basis of the adolescents' shared experiences, areas of possible nursing intervention have been identified to prevent anxiety and the multitude of adverse effects associated with it. The purpose of this study is to present a nursing intervention program to prevent perioperative anxiety in adolescents (3P2A) designed based on the first phase of the complex intervention's framework.

Methods
The design of this program followed the updated guidance for developing complex interventions issued by the Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health Research. Five Portuguese nurses, experts in perioperative nursing, and pediatric specialists evaluated and validated the final version of this program.

Results
The nursing intervention program to prevent perioperative anxiety in adolescents (3P2A) consists of three phases that correspond to the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. The first phase includes conducting a preoperative nursing consultation to identify stressors, providing written and verbal information about the surgery, and applying nonpharmacological interventions to reduce anxiety. In the intraoperative period, nonpharmacological interventions are implemented in the anesthetic induction room immediately before the adolescent falls asleep. Finally, the postoperative period comprises a nursing visit to identify postoperative complications and promote the adolescents' well-being.

Discussion
The program is structured with specific interventions to be implemented in each of the perioperative periods. Because of its flexibility, it may be fully or partially implemented considering the identified needs, priorities, and resources when caring for an adolescent with anxiety during the perioperative period.