bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paeonol enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells by upregulating death receptors-4 and 5 via ROS-JNK/ERK-CHOP signaling
Authors: Fan Yanqing , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhang Guizhi 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To study the anti-proliferative potential of paeonol against lung cancer cells, and investigate its mechanism of action.
Methods: Cell viability after paeonol treatment was determined with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while paeonol- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis was assayed using flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to assay the protein expression levels of phosphorylated JNK and ERK1/2, as well as protein expressions of pro-apoptotic factors/death receptors. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining and flow cytometry were used to monitor paeonol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells.
Results: Paeonol treatment markedly reduced the proliferations of H1975 and BGC823 cells (p < 0.05). In H1975 and BGC823 cells, paeonol/TRAIL combination increased apoptosis to 88.43 and 87.21 %, respectively (p < 0.05). The levels of death receptor 4 (DR4) and death receptor 5 (DR5) were increased significantly by paeonol, relative to the control (p < 0.05). Paeonol also reduced the levels of decoy receptor-1 (DcR1) and decoy receptor-2 (DcR2), and increased the expression of CHOP (p < 0.05). The protein expression levels of survivin, Bcl-2, cFLIP and Bcl-xL were decreased, while protein levels of caspase3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were upregulated by paeonol. Moreover, paeonol significantly upregulated p-ERK and p-JNK in H1975 and BGC823 cells, and also increased ROS levels, when compared to control (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Paeonol exerts anti-proliferative potential on lung cancer cells through upregulation of death receptors, activation of JNK/ERK-CHOP pathway and generation of ROS. Therefore, paeonol has a therapeutic potential for the management of lung cancer.
Determination of the anti-polo like kinase 1 potential of novel derivatives of thiophene using oncoinformatics approach
Authors: Aljbreen Moaath Khaled , Alrashidi Mohammed Mubarak , Salah Amr , Shaikh Sibhghatulla , Rizvi Syed Mohd Danish 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To explore the anticancer mechanistic aspect of thiophene derivatives via targeting Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1).
Methods: The PLK1 enzyme is primarily expressed in cancer cells, and blocking its active site is one of the plausible ways to target cancer. Thus, in the present study, the thiophene derivatives were tested against PLK1 by molecular docking approach.
Results: Thiophene derivatives, named 8A, 8B and 14, exhibited better interactions with PLK1 active site than the positive control, doxorubicin. Molecular docking experiments revealed that 8A, 8B and 14 interacted efficiently with PLK1, and demonstrated binding energy and inhibition constant scores of ꞌ- 8.02 kcal/mol and 1.33 μMꞌ, ꞌ-8.65 kcal/mol and 0.454 μMꞌ and ꞌ-8.33 kcal/mol and 0.788 μMꞌ, respectively. In contrast, doxorubicin-PLK1 interaction had binding energy of -7.95 kcal/mol and inhibition constant of 2.75 μM.
Conclusion: These results predict that thiophene derivatives 8A, 8B and 14 might exert anticancer effect by inhibiting PLK1 activity. Although, wet lab experiments are required to validate the data, however, these results may pave the way for the development of novel PLK1 inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
Heavy Metal Contamination and Potential Ecological Risks in Surface Sediments along Dar es Salaam Harbour Channel
Authors: Mwakisunga Benard , Pratap Harishchandra B , Machiwa John F , Stephano Flora 
Published: January 2022

Investigation of heavy metal contamination along Dar es Salaam harbour channel was carried out in order to determine their current concentrations, sources and potential ecological risks to benthic biota. Sampling was carried out from January to May 2019 and samples analysed using ICP-OES and C-H-N-S analyser. Analysis of heavy metal relationships showed that, Cu, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Co, Fe, Cd had strong relationships with each other, while Pb only related to Zn. Principal component analysis partitioned metals into two groups; PC1: Ni, Cr, Fe, Co, As, Cu, Cd, and Zn explaining 73.6% variance and PC2: Pb, Zn, and Cd with 13.7% variance. Similarly, Cd, Pb and Zn had severe to very high enrichments (Cd > Pb > Zn) showing serious anthropogenic contamination of these metals in sediments along Dar es Salaam harbour channel. Degree of contamination and potential ecological risks varied from low, moderate, to high; indicating that sediments were considerably contaminated with heavy metals. Levels of contamination varied in space and according to the type of heavy metal Higher contamination and ecological risks were revealed at the harbour area probably due to the observed high concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn. Monitoring of metals should be emphasized in order to control contaminants release into this area from their sources.
Keywords: Dar es Salaam harbour channel, Heavy metals, Contamination, Sediments, Degree of contamination, Ecological risks
Critical Analysis of Material Consumption and Cost Reduction Techniques for the Apparel Cutting Processes
Authors: Taifa Ismail WR , Twaha Ibrahim , Mwakibambo Mboka A 
Published: January 2022

Revenues generation in the garment industry is synonymous with material consumption. This study thus analysed material consumption and cost reduction techniques in the Tanzanian garment industry. The research employed quantitative (experimentation) and qualitative approaches (document review and observation technique) in the apparel cutting processes. Experimental results of material consumption from ten tests averaged efficiency of 78.67%, the wasted pieces (19.2%), and unnoticed waste (2.03%). Essential considerations to reduce material waste include: digitalising the fabric cutting processes; providing workers training; deploying appropriate practices in the cutting room (e.g. pattern engineering and pattern accuracy); considering the quality of the procured fabric and fabric efficiencies relative to different human body shapes and proportions; and considering the separation process rather than extending facings, splitting substantial components, slight reductions in a flare, and seam displacements. The study implies that apparel enterprises can benchmark their actual material consumption circa 50-70% of their total garment manufacturing costs.
Keywords: Material waste, Garment industry, Fabric losses, Cost reduction techniques, Small and medium-sized enterprises.
Design and Performance Analysis of Composite Airfoil Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Mwanyika Hegespo H , Jande Yusufu AC , Kivevele Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Small horizontal axis wind turbine rotors with composite airfoil rotor blades were designed and investigated in the present study in order to improve its performance in low wind speed and low Reynolds number (Re) conditions for standalone system. The geometrical and aerodynamic nature of a single airfoil small horizontal axis wind turbine blade curtails efficient energy harnessing of the rotor blade. The use of composite airfoil rotor blade improves energy production but imposes uncertainty in determining an optimal design angle of attack and the off design aerodynamic behaviour of the rotor. This research investigated the effects of two airfoils used at different sections in a composite blade and determined the blade’s optimal design angle of attack for maximum power generation. The wind turbine rotor blades were designed using blade element momentum (BEM) method and modelled by SolidWorks software. The SG6042 and SG6043 airfoils were used for the composite airfoil blades. Five wind turbines were designed with rotor blades of design angles of attack from 3° to 7°. The five wind turbine blades were simulated in computational fluid dynamics to determine the optimal design angle of attack. The composite airfoil wind turbine blade showed improved performance, whereas, the wind power generated ranged from 4966 W to 5258 W and rotor power coefficients ranged from 0.443 to 0.457. The blade with design angle of attack of 6° showed highest performance.
Keywords: composite airfoil, lift-to-drag ratio, pressure coefficient, Reynolds number, design angle of attack.
Risk Factors Associated with Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Elias Felix , Shaban Nyimvua , Rutalebwa Edwin 
Published: January 2022

Despite Tanzania's efforts and substantial progress in PMTCT, about 11% new infections were recorded among Tanzanian children in 2019 (UNAIDS 2020a). The objective of this study was to determine the rate of HIV transmission and to identify its risk factors among HIV exposed infants born to HIV-positive mothers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data collected from HIV-positive mothers and their exposed babies who were followed and registered in health facilities in four administrative districts (Ilala, Temeke, Kinondoni, and Ubungo) in Dar es Salaam between January 2016 and December 2019. To identify risk factors for MTCT, univariate and multivariate Cox Proportional hazard regression analyses were employed. Out of 18705 registered children exposed to HIV, 586 (3.1%) were positive during the study period, while 18119 (96.9%) were negative. In this study, the following factors were increasing the risks of MTCT of HIV infections, not receiving ARV prophylaxis right at birth (aHR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.75–3.26, P < 0.001), unsuppressed maternal viral load (aHR = 6.26, 95% CI: 4.91–7.97, P < 0.001), WHO clinical stage 3–4 (aHR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.44–2.23, P < 0.001), and mixed feeding (aHR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.80–9.31, P < 0.001). The factors maternal age group 25–34 years (aHR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29–0.75, P < 0.001), being married/cohabiting (aHR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23–0.95, P = 0.036), duration on ART for > 12 months (aHR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45–0.67, P < 0.001), dried blood spot (DBS) tested at 6 weeks (aHR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04–0.18, P < 0.001), and exclusive replacement feeding (ERF) (aHR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.17–0.60, P < 0.001) decreased the risk of MTCT of HIV infections. These findings indicated that further work is required to scale up PMTCT approaches to concentrate on viral load suppression, taking ARV prophylaxis immediately at birth, and EBF practice in the first 6 months of life.
Keywords: HIV, PMTCT, risk factors, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).
Modelling the Impact of Undetected Cases on the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19
Authors: Rwezaura Herieth 
Published: January 2022

The spread of COVID-19 globally has caused negative impacts to the public, making understanding the dynamics of transmission a necessity. Essential factors such as undetected cases, asymptomatic cases, and several non-pharmaceutical interventions have played significant roles in the spreading mechanism of COVID-19 in the human population. It is imperative to understand the significance of these factors in order to determine whether COVID-19 will be eradicated or will continue to persist in the population. A mathematical model is formulated to investigate the impacts of vaccination and several non-pharmaceutical interventions on the dynamics of a COVID-19 accounting for asymptomatic cases, detected (identified) and undetected (unidentified) symptomatic infected cases. Results show that vaccination at higher rate, infection detection and immediate quarantine or isolation of infected individuals have the potential to eradicate COVID-19 from the population. It is recommended that individuals should be encouraged to get vaccinated while the government should encourage (or enforce through persuasive communication) the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as face masks wearing.
Keywords: COVID-19, undetected, vaccination, vaccine efficacy, stability
Pediatric Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in the United States: A National Inpatient Analysis
Authors: Crispo James A.G. , Liu Lisa J.W. , Noonan Vanessa K. , Thorogood Nancy P. , Kwon Brian K. , Dvorak Marcel F. , Thibault Dylan , Willis Allison , Cragg Jacquelyn J. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a debilitating neurological condition often associated with lifelong disability. Despite this, there are limited data on pediatric tSCI epidemiology in the United States.

Objectives:
Our primary objective was to estimate tSCI hospitalization rates among children, including by age, sex, and race. Secondary objectives were to characterize tSCI hospitalizations and examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and tSCI etiology.

Methods:
We used the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database to examine tSCI hospitalizations among children (&lt;21 years). Descriptive statistics were used to report individual and care setting characteristics for initial tSCI hospitalizations. We used Census Bureau data to estimate tSCI hospitalization rates (number of pediatric tSCI hospitalizations / number of US children) and logistic regression modeling to assess associations between documented sociodemographic characteristics and injury etiology.

Results:
There were 1.48 tSCI admissions per 100,000 children; highest rates of hospitalization involved older (15–20 years), male, and Black children. Hospitalization involving male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.43; 95% CI, 0.33–0.58) or Black (AOR 0.37; 95% CI, 0.25–0.55) children were less likely to involve a motor traffic accident. Hospitalizations of Black children were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of tSCI resulting from a firearm incident (AOR 18.97; 95% CI, 11.50–31.28) or assault (AOR 11.76; 95% CI, 6.75–20.50) compared with hospitalizations of White children.

Conclusion:
Older, male, and Black children are disproportionately burdened by tSCI. Implementation of broad health policies over time may be most effective in reducing pediatric tSCI hospitalizations and preventable injuries.
PedsQL™ Spinal Cord Injury Module: Reliability and Validity
Authors: Zebracki Kathy , Hwang Miriam , Vogel Lawrence C. , Mulcahey MJ , Varni James W. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:
The objective was to report on the initial measurement properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Module in youth with SCI from the youth and parent perspectives.

Methods:
PedsQL™ SCI Module and PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales SF15 were completed in a multisite national study by 166 youth ages 8 to 25 years and 128 parents of youth ages 5 to 23 years. Data from the PedsQL™ Generic Core Scales were compared with an age- and sex-matched healthy control sample. Factor analysis was conducted to determine the factor structure of the items.

Results:
In addition to a Total Scale Score, nine unidimensional scales were derived measuring daily activities, mobility, bladder function, bowel function, pressure injury, pain interference, social participation, worry bladder bowel, and worry social. The PedsQL™ SCI Module evidenced excellent reliability for Total Scale Scores (youth self-report, α = 0.93; parent proxy-report, α = 0.93) and acceptable reliability for the nine individual scales (youth self-report, α = 0.71–0.83; parent proxy-report, α = 0.67–0.87). Intercorrelations with the Generic Core Scales supported construct validity with medium to large effect sizes (most ps &lt; .001). Factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the nine individual scales. PedsQL™ Generic Core Scales comparisons to healthy controls demonstrated significantly impaired generic health-related quality of life in youth with SCI with large effect sizes.

Conclusion:
The PedsQL™ SCI Module Scales demonstrated acceptable measurement properties and may be utilized as standardized scales to assess SCI-specific concerns and problems in clinical research and practice in youth with SCI.
Narratives on the Beginning of the 1875-1878 Uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the British Public Discourse
Authors: Radušić Edin 
Published: January 2022

: In his noteworthy book Against Massacre, Humanitarian Interventions in the
Ottoman Empire 1815-1914 (2012), Davide Rodogno states that even prior to the Eastern
Crisis (1875-1878), the Ottoman Empire and Turks had been excluded from civilised
states and nations for several reasons (despotism, Islam, polygamy, slavery, impossibility
of reformation). Thereby, the Europeans have secured the position of being the only
ones determining the standards of civilisation: they decide how, where and when a nonEuropean country will access the family of civilised people. As a supplementary part of
orientalism, balkanism and ottomanism, as well as a justification to the implementation of
the “western” double standard, it was stereotypical to construct a negative image of Turks
that also included Muslims from Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the period of crisis, such was
the 1875-1878 Eastern Crisis, the British and other European public and political elite,
including Russia, had developed considerable anti-Turkish sentiments. In this paper, I
analysed and synthesised discourses about Bosnia and Herzegovina in the British public
space, from the beginning of the uprising in 1875, to the anti-Turkish campaign following
the Turkish crimes in Bulgaria in May 1876. The discourse on the uprising of the British
Consulate in Bosnia and the anti-Ottoman discourse of the British press in relation to
the uprising in Bosnia and Herzegovina appeared as especially important. The last one
appeared through several narratives: oppression as a way of rule, oppression as the cause
of the uprising, oppression and the Turkish crimes over Christians as an argument for a
humanitarian intervention and western (Austrian) occupational right.
Tvorba riječi i komunikacija
Authors: Šehović Amela 
Published: January 2022

Book review: Kowalski, Pawel, ur., 2021. Słowotwórstwo w przestrzeni komunikacyjnej, zbornik radova Dvadesete međunarodne naučne konferencije Komisije za tvorbu riječi Međunarodnog komiteta slavista. Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, str. 372.
Estimation of Digestibility from In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Data in Some Forages of Puerto Rico
Authors: Arroyo-Aguilú José A. 
Published: January 2022

Forty-two samples (seven from each grass) and six composite samples of Merker grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Guinea grass hybrid (Panicum maximum), and Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) were used in this study to evaluate the artificial rumen, or in vitro cellulose digestion, technique (1). These forage samples of known nutritive value (4), as determined in conventional digestion trials with cattle (3), were harvested at 49 to 55 and at 63 to 69 days of age at the Gurabo Substation farm. No relationship was found between ad libitum intake (R.I. or V.I.) and 12- and 24-hour I.V.C.D. Within-trial variability due to lag-time differences could probably account for this. I.V.C.D. at 36 hours may be used as the best estimate of forage digestibility in terms of D.D.M. (r = 0.95), D.E. (r = 0.94), and T.D.N, (r = 0.94). Forty-eight-hour I.V.C.D. values could also be used as a predictor of forage digestibility in terms of D.D.M. (r = 0.87) and N.V.I, (r = 0.85). Nevertheless, the highest correlations were obtained with in vitro values at 36 hours. There was a tendency for correlation coefficients to increase up to 36-hour digestion periods with increasing fermentation rates. From the data in the present study, the regression equations to predict in vitro D.D.M. (Y), in vitro D.E. (Y), and in vitro T.D.N. (Y) from 36-hour I.V.C.D. (X) were Y = 12.84 + 1.23 X, Y = 1.801 X - 11.76, and Y = 17.79 + 0.906 X, respectively. Maximum cellulose digestion was apparently obtained at 60 hours for four of the six forages studied. When two inoculum donor animals were fed the same forage, no marked differences in 60- and 72-hour I.V.C.D. values were observed.
Analisis Tingkat Kesehatan Laporan Keuangan pada PT BPRS
Authors: Salma Nadhifah Fairuz , Surya Pratikno Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: January 2022

Bank health is a very important thing, because bank health is a description of the condition of banking performance in carrying out its operational activities. This study uses the rgec method to calculate the soundness of a bank. The influencing factors in using the rgec method include risk profile, good corporate governance, earnings, and capital. The purpose of this study was to determine the soundness of banks at BPRS Bhakti Sumekar in 2015-2020. The research method used in this research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach, namely explaining the object to be studied by providing a description of the problem that has been identified and carried out intensively and in detail in a company. The results of the research at BPRS bhakti semekar in 2015-2020, namely the FDN value was in a healthy condition. ROA and BOPO values ​​are in a very healthy condition and consistently increase. Meanwhile, the ROE value has decreased some but is still categorized in a fairly healthy condition. The CAR value is in a very healthy condition.
Keywords: Author RGEC; Syariah Bank; Healty Bank
Pengaruh Returrn on Asset, Growth, dan Free Cash Flow terhadap Dividens Payout Ratio (DPR) dengan Corporate Governance sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Pangestytyca Asmarysa , Hermuningsih Sri , Kusumawardhani Ratih 
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh rasio Return On Asset, Growth, dan Free Cash Flow terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) pada perusahaan manufakur sektor consumer goods industry yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2016-2020. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dan menggunakan data sekunder. Sehingga diperoleh data sampel sebanyak 53 data dari 17 perusahaan manufakur sektor consumer goods industry yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2016-2020. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda yang menggunakan SPSS versi 23. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa Return On Assets (ROA) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Growth dan Free Cash Flow(FCF) secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Corporate Governance (CG) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Pengaruh ROA terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) melalui Corporate Governance (CG) sebagai variabel intervening ditolak. Pengaruh Growth dan Free Cash Flow (FCF) secara parsial terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) melalui Corporate Governance sebagai variabel intervening diterima.
Kata kunci: Return On Asset; Growth; Free Cash Flow; Dividend Payout Ratio; Corporate Governance
Fungsi Seorang Agen Asuransi Syariah untuk Menumbuhkan Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Asuransi Syariah
Authors: Prayogi Feri , Aslami Nuri 
Published: January 2022

In this analysis, it tries to answer how the attitude of a customer acts on the existence of sharia insurance. Furthermore, how hard work, a sharia insurance agent to increase the awareness of the population. This research model is library analysis. The results of this analysis show that agents have the function of reaching out to information, maintaining the authority of sharia insurance, distributing solutions and interviewing customers who participate in sharia insurance.
Keywords: customer actions, function of sharia insurance agents, channeling solutions