bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of new modified silica gel terminated with phenylphosphonic acid-amide moieties for adsorption of uranium(VI) from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ammar Huda , Shaaban A. F. , Lasheen T. A. , Nouh El Said A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPAMAM dendrimers modified silica gel terminated phenylphosphonic acid-amide moieties (Si-6G PAMAM-PPAAM) was prepared for uranium(VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions by batch and fixed-bed column methods. The experimental results showed that the maximum capacity was 434.78 mg g−1. Equilibrium isotherm data obeyed Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic adsorption followed pseudo-second order model and thermodynamic parameters implied the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic. The adsorption performance of the new adsorbent toward uranium using fixed-bed column method was also investigated. The investigated adsorbent (Si-6G PAMAM-PPAAM) was successfully used to extract uranium from leach liquor of granitic rock sample.
Spiking neural P systems: main ideas and results
Authors: Leporati Alberto , Mauri Giancarlo , Zandron Claudio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSpiking neural P systems are parallel and distributed computation devices which are inspired by the neuro-physiological behavior of biological neurons. In this paper we will present, with a tutorial approach, the main underlying ideas and the most interesting variants that have been proposed in the literature. In particular, we will discuss the results on the computational power of these models, both in terms of Turing completeness and of efficiency in solving hard problems, under different assumptions for information encoding, form and application of rules, and bounds on the main parameters defining the systems.
Seismic and geomorphic assessment for coseismic landslides zonation in tropical volcanic contexts
Authors: Arroyo-Solórzano Mario , Quesada-Román Adolfo , Barrantes-Castillo Gustavo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Poás volcano is an active volcano of Costa Rica with intense tectonic activity in its flanks. Historically, the volcano has presented strong, surficial earthquakes provoking many landslides with associated casualties and immense economic impacts. One example is the Cinchona earthquake in 2009 (Mw 6.2 and 4.6 km depth). We aim to determine a landslide zonation according to seismic data and a geomorphic assessment in the NW sector of the Poás volcano based on a combination of qualitative methods and morphometric parameters. The results estimate the possible outcome of a 6.8 Mw earthquake. The susceptibility mapping and models showed a positive relationship between this methodology and others previously developed for the area that surrounds the Poás volcano as well as a correspondence with the landslides caused by the Cinchona earthquake in 2009. The final coseismic landslides susceptibility zoning indicated that 52% of the area is prone to landslides. Furthermore, there is a relationship between the areas with high exposure to landslides with conical volcanic geomorphologies, active faulting structural and/or tectonic geomorphological units with slopes greater than 15°. The proposed zoning can be useful for land use planning and by civil protection entities to orientate quick response and reduce the impact of future landslides. Moreover, this method can be applied in active tectonic and volcanic areas worldwide.
From goods to goats: examining post-disaster livelihood recovery in the aftermath of the Nepal earthquake 2015
Authors: Karki Jeevan , Matthewman Steve , Grayman Jesse Hession 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDisasters can have substantial impacts on people’s livelihoods in developing countries. Further, if the need for livelihood interventions is ignored or delayed, the crisis may trigger unexpected harmful consequences in the affected households in the aftermath. Therefore, restoring livelihoods should remain a priority in the post-disaster recovery process. However, such recoveries in rural contexts and developing countries, like Nepal, are complex as the livelihood restoration process is affected by serious spatial, socio-economic, and political factors. We employed qualitative research methods in four highly affected districts in the 2015 Nepal Earthquake (7.8 Mw) to examine post-disaster livelihoods recovery. Our paper critically assesses the humanitarian response based on the narratives and lived experiences of affected households. The findings show that humanitarian assistance was crucial in addressing several unmet needs of disaster-affected rural households in resource-poor settings in Nepal. However, the interventions were generally fragmented, insufficient, neoliberal led (forcing market dependencies), and largely business-as-usual in their orientation. Previous studies in Nepal paid insufficient attention to the goods provided to affected households in the name of recovery. Therefore, our paper scrutinises selected humanitarian objects, such as power tillers, and unpacks their political economy and effectiveness in local contexts. Further, our findings show that some livelihood policies reinforced the gap between the haves and have-nots, thereby reproducing pre-disaster inequalities in the post-disaster field.
Distinguishing Nature of Science Beliefs, Knowledge and Understandings
Authors: Brock Richard , Park Wonyong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Whilst teaching about the nature of science (NOS) is a significant goal of science education, there remains debate about specifying the NOS and appropriate pedagogies and approaches to researching the NOS. A neglected, but conceptually and practically significant, problem is the proliferation of NOS-related learning goals such as NOS beliefs, views, understandings and knowledge. In this theoretical paper, we argue that such goals are often poorly defined, and different goals cohere with different pedagogical and research strategies. We propose a novel three-part taxonomy of NOS learning goals (as NOS beliefs, knowledge and understandings) and contend that different approaches are appropriate for teaching and assessing NOS beliefs, views and knowledge. An NOS belief refers to a positive attitudinal stance towards some proposition that lacks justificatory support or cannot easily be judged true or false. NOS knowledge indicates justified true beliefs related to the NOS. NOS understanding denotes a grasping of how a collection of NOS knowledge is related. The goals vary by the extent to which they can be judged true or false and the degree of justification they require. For NOS beliefs, a range of stances is acceptable; NOS knowledge must be a true and justified belief; in the case of NOS understanding, teaching and assessment should focus on the appreciation of relationships between justified true beliefs. The novel taxonomy brings needed clarity to a confused aspect of NOS research and may lead to the development of NOS pedagogies and assessment tools more precisely targeted to well-defined learning goals.
An Improved Method for Estimating the Velocity Field of Coronal Propagating Disturbances
Authors: Morgan Huw , Korsós Marianna B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe solar corona is host to a continuous flow of propagating disturbances (PD). These are continuous and ubiquitous across broad regions of the corona, including the quiet Sun. The aim of this article is to present an improved, efficient method to create velocity vector field maps based on the direction and magnitude of the PD as observed in time series of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images. The method presented here is for use with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)/Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) EUV channels and takes as input $\approx 2$
≈
2
hours of images at the highest 12 s cadence. Data from a region near disc centre is extracted, and a process called time normalisation is applied to the co-aligned data. Following noise reduction using à trous decomposition, the PD are effectively revealed. A modified Lucas–Kanade algorithm is then used to map the velocity field. The method described here runs comfortably on a desktop computer in a few minutes and offers an order of magnitude improvement in efficiency compared to a previous implementation. As applied to a region of the quiet Sun, we find that the velocity field describes a mosaic of cells of coherent outwardly-diverging PD flows of typical size 50 to $100''$

100
″

(36 to 72 Mm). The flows originate from points and narrow corridors in the cell centres and end in the narrow boundaries between cells. Visual comparison with ultraviolet AIA images shows that the flow sources are correlated with the bright photospheric supergranular network boundaries. Assuming that the PD follow the local magnetic field, the velocity flow field is a proxy for the plane-of-sky distribution of the coronal magnetic field, and therefore the maps offer a unique insight into the topology of the corona. These are particularly valuable for quiet Sun regions where the appearance of structures in EUV images is hard to interpret.
Numerical Simulation of Pulverized Coal Injection in the Dome Zone of a COREX Melter Gasifier
Authors: Zhou Heng , Hu Yifan , Tian Xu , Kou Mingyin , Liu Yiran , Wu Shengli , Shen Yansong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe dome zone is the freeboard at the top of the COREX melter gasifier (MG), and the secondary injection systems are installed in the dome zone to recycle dust and oxygen. Pulverized coal injection (PCI) in the dome zone of the COREX MG is used to transform the oxygen burners (OBs) into oxygen–coal burners (OCBs) and cooperates with the dust burners (DBs) to realize the function of gasification. In this work, a three-dimensional (3-D) steady-state mathematical model was developed to simulate the transport phenomenon in the dome zone with and without PCI. The results show that when 150 kg/t of pulverized coal is injected into the dome zone, the impinging stream area expands and the average temperature in the dome zone increases by about 40 K. The proportion of CO2in the reduction gas decreases by 7.8 pct, while the proportion of H2increases by 7.4 pct at the outlet of the MG with the PCI in the dome zone. The total effective volume fraction of reducing gas at the outlet of MG can reach 83.3 pct, which is a benefit to improving the reduction processes in the shaft furnace. Due to the intensification of circulation and the complexity of particle behavior, the residence time of particles increases by about 10 seconds in the case of PCI and the burnout rate of recycling dust and pulverized coal can reach above 99 pct.Graphical abstract
Towards Automated Brain Aneurysm Detection in TOF-MRA: Open Data, Weak Labels, and Anatomical Knowledge
Authors: Di Noto Tommaso , Marie Guillaume , Tourbier Sebastien , Alemán-Gómez Yasser , Esteban Oscar , Saliou Guillaume , Cuadra Meritxell Bach , Hagmann Patric , Richiardi Jonas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrain aneurysm detection in Time-Of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF-MRA) has undergone drastic improvements with the advent of Deep Learning (DL). However, performances of supervised DL models heavily rely on the quantity of labeled samples, which are extremely costly to obtain. Here, we present a DL model for aneurysm detection that overcomes the issue with “weak” labels: oversized annotations which are considerably faster to create. Our weak labels resulted to be four times faster to generate than their voxel-wise counterparts. In addition, our model leverages prior anatomical knowledge by focusing only on plausible locations for aneurysm occurrence. We first train and evaluate our model through cross-validation on an in-house TOF-MRA dataset comprising 284 subjects (170 females / 127 healthy controls / 157 patients with 198 aneurysms). On this dataset, our best model achieved a sensitivity of 83%, with False Positive (FP) rate of 0.8 per patient. To assess model generalizability, we then participated in a challenge for aneurysm detection with TOF-MRA data (93 patients, 20 controls, 125 aneurysms). On the public challenge, sensitivity was 68% (FP rate = 2.5), ranking 4th/18 on the open leaderboard. We found no significant difference in sensitivity between aneurysm risk-of-rupture groups (p = 0.75), locations (p = 0.72), or sizes (p = 0.15). Data, code and model weights are released under permissive licenses. We demonstrate that weak labels and anatomical knowledge can alleviate the necessity for prohibitively expensive voxel-wise annotations.
Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling and Gene Regulatory Network Modeling in Tg2576 Mice Reveal Gender-Dependent Molecular Features Preceding Alzheimer-Like Pathologies
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Huarte Oihane Uriarte , Heurtaux Tony , Garcia Pierre , Rodriguez Beatriz Pardo , Grzyb Kamil , Halder Rashi , Skupin Alexander , Buttini Manuel , Glaab Enrico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) onset and progression is influenced by a complex interplay of several environmental and genetic factors, one of them gender. Pronounced gender differences have been observed both in the relative risk of developing AD and in clinical disease manifestations. A molecular level understanding of these gender disparities is still missing, but could provide important clues on cellular mechanisms modulating the disease and reveal new targets for gender-oriented disease-modifying precision therapies. We therefore present here a comprehensive single-cell analysis of disease-associated molecular gender differences in transcriptomics data from the neocortex, one of the brain regions most susceptible to AD, in one of the most widely used AD mouse models, the Tg2576 model. Cortical areas are also most commonly used in studies of post-mortem AD brains. To identify disease-linked molecular processes that occur before the onset of detectable neuropathology, we focused our analyses on an age with no detectable plaques and microgliosis. Cell-type specific alterations were investigated at the level of individual genes, pathways, and gene regulatory networks. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was not large enough to build context-specific gene regulatory networks for each individual cell type, and thus, we focused on the study of cell types with dominant changes and included analyses of changes across the combination of cell types. We observed significant disease-associated gender differences in cellular processes related to synapse organization and reactive oxygen species metabolism, and identified a limited set of transcription factors, including Egr1 and Klf6, as key regulators of many of the disease-associated and gender-dependent gene expression changes in the model. Overall, our analyses revealed significant cell-type specific gene expression changes in individual genes, pathways and sub-networks, including gender-specific and gender-dimorphic changes in both upstream transcription factors and their downstream targets, in the Tg2576 AD model before the onset of overt disease. This opens a window into molecular events that could determine gender-susceptibility to AD, and uncovers tractable target candidates for potential gender-specific precision medicine for AD.
Szegő Kernel Asymptotics on Complete Strictly Pseudoconvex CR Manifolds
Authors: Hsiao Chin-Yu , Marinescu George , Wang Huan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe prove a Bochner–Kodaira–Nakano formula and establish Szegő kernel expansions on complete strictly pseudoconvex CR manifolds with transversal CR $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
-action under certain natural geometric conditions. As a consequence we show that such manifolds are locally CR embeddable.
The Dorothy Garrod Site: a new Middle Stone Age locality in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Authors: Maíllo-Fernández José Manuel , Marín Juan , Martín-Perea David Manuel , Uribelarrea David , Solano-Megías Irene , Asiaín Raquel , Baquedano Enrique , Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Gidna Agness , Medialdea Alicia , Steven Hekima Mwamakimbula , Chilonzi Daniel Haruni , Arteaga Carlos , Mabulla Audax 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) is a key site for the study of human evolution as well as the origin of modern humans and the Middle Stone Age (MSA). In this study, we present a new MSA location named Dorothy Garrod Site (DGS), found in the main branch of Olduvai Gorge. The site has only one archaeological level, located stratigraphically in the Upper Ndutu. Although it has not yet been possible to radiometrically date it, it has yielded numerous archaeological remains with a functional association between the faunal remains and the lithic industry. The fauna identified includes Alcelaphini, Hippotragini, and Equidae, some of which present percussion marks and evidence of burning. The lithic industry involved knapping using discoid methods. The retouched blanks are denticulates and retouched flakes with, up to now, a total absence of points. DGS is therefore a new site that will aid our understanding of modern human occupations in northern Tanzania in a period for which there is a dearth of properly contextualised archaeological evidence.
Exploring the Possibility to Shorten the Duration and Reduce the Number of Replicates in Biomethane Potential Tests (BMP)
Authors: Calabrò Paolo Salvatore , Folino Adele , Maesano Mariangela , Pangallo Domenica , Zema Demetrio Antonio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBiochemical methane potential (BMP) tests are the most reliable method for the direct evaluation of the methane yield from a specific feedstock in anaerobic digestion. However, these tests are time-consuming (about 1 month) and quite expensive (need of no less than two or three replicates). This study evaluates the accuracy of the “first-order kinetic”, “logistic” and “Gompertz” models in predicting the BMP values, calibrating the models’ parameters with the data collected in shorter BMP tests (i.e., 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days) than usually (28 days or more). Moreover, the influence of the number of replicates (i.e., two or three) on the model prediction accuracy was also evaluated. A database from 32 BMP tests, previously carried out on different substrates, was adopted for these evaluations. The test duration significantly influences the prediction accuracy for two models (Gompertz and first-order kinetic), while the number of replicates is less influencing. The ultimate methane production is not accurate if the models use parameters from short (less than 10 days) BMP tests. The increase in test duration to 21 days gives BMP predictions with errors below 10% for Gompertz and logistic models.
Graphical Abstract
On the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Simulations in CMIP6 Models: A New Test-Bed from Climate Network Analysis
Authors: Ma Yiling , Yuan Naiming , Dong Tianyun , Dong Wenjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a dominant pattern of the North Pacific sea surface temperature decadal variability, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has remarkable influences on the marine and terrestrial ecosystems. However, the PDO is highly unpredictable. Here, we assess the performance of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models in simulating the PDO, with an emphasis on the evaluation of CMIP6 models in reproducing a recently detected early warning signal based on climate network analysis for the PDO regime shift. Results show that the skill of CMIP6 historical simulations remains at a low level, with a skill limited in reproducing PDO’s spatial pattern and nearly no skill in reproducing the PDO index. However, if the warning signal for the PDO regime shift by climate network analysis is considered as a test-bed, we find that even in historical simulations, a few models can represent the corresponding relationship between the warning signal and the PDO regime shift, regardless of the chronological accuracy. By further conducting initialization, the performance of the model simulations is improved according to the evaluation of the hindcasts from two ensemble members of the Decadal Climate Prediction Project (NorCPM1 and BCC-CSM2-MR). Particularly, we find that the NorCPM1 model can capture the early warning signals for the late-1970s and late-1990s regime shifts 5–7 years in advance, indicating that the early warning signal somewhat can be captured by some CMIP6 models. A further investigation on the underlying mechanisms of the early warning signal would be crucial for the improvement of model simulations in the North Pacific.
Development of markers using microsatellite loci of two rove beetle species, Paederus fuscipes Curtis and Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula Goeze (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), followed by analyses of genetic diversity and population structure
Authors: Choi Yeon‐Jae , Yi Jeesoo , Lee Chan-Jun , Kim Ji-Wook , Jeon Mi-Jeong , Park Jong-Seok , Cho Sung-Jin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The family Staphylinidae is the most speciose beetle group in the world. The outbreaks of two staphylinid species, Paederus fuscipes and Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula, were recently reported in South Korea. None of research about molecular markers and genetic diversity have been conducted in these two species.

Objective
To develop microsatellite markers and analyze the genetic diversity and population structures of two rove beetle species.

Methods
NGS was used to sequence whole genomes of two species, Paederus fuscipes and Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula. Microsatellite loci were selected with flanking primer sequences. Specimens of P. fuscipes and A. curtula were collected from three localities, respectively. Genetic diversity and population structure were analyzed using the newly developed microsatellite markers.

Results
The number of alleles ranged 5.727–6.636 (average 6.242) and 2.182–5.364 (average 4.091), expected heterozygosity ranged 0.560–0.582 (average 0.570) and 0.368–0.564 (average 0.498), observed heterozygosity ranged 0.458–0.497 (average 0.472) and 0.418–0.644 (average 0.537) in P. fuscipes and A. curtula, respectively. Population structure indicates that individuals of A. curtula are clustered to groups where they were collected, but those of P. fuscipes are not.

Conclusion
Population structures of P. fuscipes were shallow. In A. curtula, however, it was apparent that the genetic compositions of the populations are different significantly depending on collection localities.
A social-ecological engagement with reef passages in New Caledonia: Connectors between coastal and oceanic spaces and species
Authors: Breckwoldt Annette , Dombal Yvy , Sabinot Catherine , David Gilbert , Riera Léa , Ferse Sebastian , Fache Elodie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHealthy and protected coral reefs help island systems in the tropics thrive and survive. Reef passages link the open ocean to lagoon and coastal areas in these ecosystems and are home to an exceptionally diverse and abundant marine life, hosting emblematic species and fish spawning aggregations. Their multiple benefits for the islands and their peoples (e.g., for transport, fishing, socio-cultural aspects) remain yet understudied. Drawing from qualitative interviews with fishers, scuba divers, and surfers along the coast of Grande Terre in New Caledonia, this study highlights the multi-faceted importance of these keystone places. It shows that reef passages are locally deemed ‘communication zones’ between coastal and oceanic spaces and species, and have significant un(der)explored ecological and socio-cultural roles. Understanding and protecting these ecological and cultural keystone places will strengthen both the reef ecosystems and the people dependent on them.