bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of CD8+ T-cells in a Stressed beta2- Adrenergic Receptor Knockout Mouse Model during Chlamydia muridarum Genital Infection.
Authors: Ray Alexis , Belay Tesfaye 
Published: May 2022

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease. A negative correlation between the immune system and stress has been reported. We have demonstrated that cold-induced stress (CIS) increases the intensity of Chlamydia muridarum genital infection in a mouse model, but the status of CD8+ T cells is still unknown. This study profiles CD8+ T cell’s interaction with stress hormone; norepinephrine (NE) and the beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) in the presence of agonists and antagonists; and examines cytokines produced in the β2-AR knockout (KO) stress mouse model during C. muridarum genital infection. We hypothesize that CD8+ T cells produce high-level IFN-g and low-level TNF-a in stressed β2-AR KO mice than C57BL/6J wildtype (WT). Two groups of mice were cold-water stressed for 21 days, infected with C. muridarum, and then sacrificed for CD8+ T cell isolation. Viability was tested. The proliferation of CD8+ T cells was carried out for 72 h and culture supernatant was collected for cytokine production using ELISA. To confirm genital tract infection, Chlamydia muridarum isolation is underway. Our data show that the viability of CD8+ T cells treated with NE was significantly reduced compared to cells treated with LPS or Con A, indicating the suppressive effect of NE on immune cells. Stressed β2-AR KO mice displayed increased production of protective cytokines compared to stressed WT mice, indicating the absence of β2-AR leads to the functional restoration of protective immune cells.
Distribution of ixodid ticks in North-Central West Virginia
Authors: White Nathan , Withrow Kaelin , Zinn Haley , Sal Melanie , Bjorgo-Thorne Kim 
Published: May 2022

Determining the type and amount of different tick species in an area can allow for more area-specific precautions to be implemented to prevent transmission of disease. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence rate of ixodid tick species in North-Central West Virginia, and to use this data to compile a record of how often each species is found in the area.Ticks were collected using flags and drags made from white denim and corduroy, respectively. (Newman et al., 2019). We also left collection vials at pet groomers and veterinary offices in the area. A total of 344 ticks were collected and identified. We detected six different species including Ixodes scapularis, Dernacentor variabilis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris, and Ixodes affinis.The highest in-field success yielded thirty-eight ticks one day and the least being zero. The majority of ticks collected were I. scapularis, carriers of the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. D. variabilis ticks were the next highest density. Drags were the least effective collection method. Flagging was the most effective in the field, while veterinary partnerships yielded the most ticks overall.High success of field collection methods could be related to the time of year. Future research will continue developing a testing protocol for real-time PCR testing sampled ticks for Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. We plan to also address PCR testing on D variabilis for spotted fever rickettsiosis, which is increasing throughout the Eastern USA.
Interpreting Plato’s Geometrical Elements in Renaissance Aristotle Commentaries
Authors: Martin Craig 
Published: May 2022

Sixteenth-century commentaries on Aristotle’s De generatione et corruptione, De coelo, and Meteorologica written by Agostino Nifo, Pietro Pomponazzi, Francesco Vimercato, Francisco Vallés, Lucilio Filalteo, and Lodovico Boccadiferro considered Plato’s views on the nature of matter and the geometrical formation of the elements, subjects for which Aristotle vehemently criticised Plato. Medieval commentators showed little interest in the historical Plato and largely accepted what they considered to be Aristotle’s interpretation. Renaissance commentators, however, had access to the entirety of the Timaeus and more writings of Platonists and Aristotelians from late antiquity. Consequently, Renaissance scholars discussed the Platonic solids and considered the criticisms of Aristotle found in Simplicius and Philoponus. The reading of Plato in universities dominated by Aristotelianism was tempered by the long tradition of textual reconciliation promoted by Neoplatonists and by their commitment to Galenic medicine, which also consolidated Aristotle’s and Plato’s views on nature, matter, and the elements.
Between Past and Present: Paganino Gaudenzi (1595–1649) and the Comparatio Tradition
Authors: Soldato Eva Del 
Published: May 2022

In 1643 the professor of rhetoric Paganino Gaudenzi (1595-1649) published in Pisa a work entitled De philosophiae apud Romanos initio et progressu. Though it concerns ancient philosophy, in it Gaudenzi was mainly interested in critiquing the cultural battles of his own day, such as the proper teaching of Plato’s and Aristotle’s philosophies, by rejecting the harmony between the two thinkers. Gaudenzi resolved these issues, which bitterly divided many early modern writers, in a celebration of speculative pluralism. The article argues for the general coherence of Gaudenzi’s philosophical program, while discussing the decline of the comparatio genre to a mere pedagogical tool.
The superior response speed of table tennis players is associated with proactive inhibitory control
Authors: Zhu Mengyan , Pi Yanling , Zhang Jian , Gu Nan 
Published: May 2022

Objective
To explore the mechanism behind the faster volitional reaction time (RT) of open skill sports athletes from the perspective of proactive inhibitory control, with the hypothesis that the superior response speed of athletes from open skill sports is related to their enhanced capacity for releasing inhibition.

Methods
Participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group of 27 table tennis players and a control group of 27 non-athletes. By manipulating cue–target onset asynchrony (CTOA) in a simple cue-target detection task, the timing of target presentation occurred in different phases of the disinhibition process. The time needed for disinhibition were compared between groups.

Results
For the experimental group, RT varied with CTOA at delays less than 200 ms; for CTOAs greater than 200 ms, RTs were not significantly different. For the control group, RT varied with CTOA for delays as long as 300 ms.

Conclusions
Table tennis players took less time (200 ms) than non-athletes (300 ms) to complete the disinhibition process, which might partly explain their rapid response speed measured in unpredictable contexts.

Significance
The study provided evidence for disinhibition speed as a new index to assess the capacity of proactive inhibitory control, and provided a new perspective to explore the superior RT of athletes from open skill sports. We also offered support for the fundamental cognitive benefits of table tennis training.
Redes de políticas públicas de familia: Una propuesta analítica desde Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Álvarez Ortega Emilio , Sáez Ardura Felipe , Ulloa Martínez Jorge 
Published: May 2022

La comparación entre el análisis tradicional de redes de políticas públicas (RPP) con algunos de los elementos del entramado teórico-metodológico que Pierre Bourdieu desarrolló para el estudio de los campos sociales, permitió formular una propuesta de análisis complementaria al enfoque con el cual se estudia habitualmente este tipo de redes. Se desarrolla dicha propuesta de análisis tomando como caso de estudio el trabajo que durante el año 2010 realizó la Comisión Asesora Presidencial “Mujer,Trabajo y Maternidad”,constituida en Chile por el Presidente Sebastián Piñera mediante decreto.Mientras el análisis tradicional de RPP pone el acento en la interacción generada entre los distintos actores (acuerdos, cooperación, solidaridad) y los recursos que circulan en ella (conocimiento, información, dinero), la propuesta teórica de Pierre Bourdieu centra su análisis en la estructura que subyace a la interacción, y que opera de una manera permanente e invisible. Para que esta estructura emerja, se hace necesario el estudio de la distribución de las distintas formas de capital que poseen los agentes que participan en una red y que configuran un campo que es reproducido o reestructurado por las prácticas sociales que genera el habitus.La perspectiva de análisis que proporcionan las nociones teóricas de campo, agente, capital y habitus, sumado a la capacidad del Análisis de Correspon129dencias Múltiples (ACM) para hacer emerger la estructura social que subyace a la interacción, busca contribuir a una mayor y mejor comprensión de las RPP como nueva forma de coordinación entre el Estado y la sociedad civil, y a la superación de las deficiencias del análisis tradicional de RPP.
Megafire: the Darwinian guillotine?
Authors: Nimmo Dale G. , Jolly Chris J. , Carthey Alexandra J. R. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Southern Australia’s 2019–20 wildfire season was unprecedented, but the ecological toll remains poorly understood. Estimates of three billion animals being affected by the fires attracted global attention, but how many of those animals succumbed to the flames? A recent systematic review of fire-induced mortality showed that a surprisingly high proportion of vertebrates typically survive fire (&gt;90%), and a growing body of research is demonstrating behavioural adaptations that might facilitate survival during fire. Behaviours that favour survival are likely to be selected for in fire-prone landscapes and could be fine-tuned over time in relation to fire behaviour and specific fire regimes. Megafires that burn vast areas could act as mass selection events, rapidly filtering ‘fire-naive’ individuals from populations. Applying an evolutionary and behavioural lens to fire ecology will provide novel insights that help predict the ramifications of changing fire regimes on animal species.
Notice of Patrick Chalmers, M.D., of Haselhead and Fedderat, Professor of Medicine in Aberdeen, and of his Practice as a Physician in the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth century
Authors: Chalmers John I 
Published: May 2022

The article begins with a short biography of the life and family of Dr Patrick Chalmers, a physician in Aberdeen. The author then focuses on the contents of Dr Chalmers’ ledger, which he used to record the activities of his medical practice including the prices for the treatment of various people and ailments.

Meeting notes from 8 April, 1861 are appended.
Note relating to a Monumental Brass in the Old Church of Ormiston, East Lothian
Authors: Struthers John 
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the monumental brass found in the ruined chancel of the kirk at Ormiston. The author uses the form and decoration of the monument to suggest that it was originally made at the end of the sixteenth century. He goes on to discuss the content of the inscription and gives a short history of the Cockburn family, who owned the barony of Ormiston until the eighteenth century. The inscription itself is transcribed and the article includes an illustration of the brass.

Meeting notes for 13 May, 1861 are appended.
Notes relating to 'Haddo's Hole' in St Giles' Church, Edinburgh
Authors: McCulloch William T 
Published: May 2022

The author explains the history of an iron door that was donated to the museum. The door was used to cover 'Haddo's hole', in St Giles Cathedral, where the Royalist Sir John Gordon Haddo was imprisoned before his execution in 1644. The article includes the expenses from the day of the execution and an illustration of 'The Maiden', the guillotine used to behead Haddo.

Meeting notes for 10 June, 1861 are appended.
Anniversary Meeting
Authors: - - , Farrer James , Laing David 
Published: May 2022

At the Anniversary meeting the usual Society business was concluded including a report on the visitors to the Society's museum and how the collections expanded over the year. Mr James Farrer was elected as an Honorary Member in recognition of his work on preserving and recording the archaeology of Orkney.

Notice of a Conversazione held 9 December, 1861 is appended. The Vice-President David Laing gave the Inaugural Address on the History of the Society. This address was later printed at the beginning of Archaeologia Scotica Volume 5.

Meeting notes for 13 January, 1862 are appended. The meeting began with the reading of a letter addressed to Queen Victoria expressing the Society’s condolences on the death of her husband, Prince Albert.
Notes of the 'Visitation of the Pestilence' from the Parish Records of South Leith, A.D. 1645, in connexion with the Excavations of large masses of Human Remains during the Drainage Operations at Wellington Place, Leith Links, A.D. 1861-2
Authors: Robertson D H 
Published: May 2022

After the discovery of human remains near Leith Links in the 1860s, D H Robertson dismissed arguments that these were the remains of battle casualties from the Siege of Leith. In this article, he instead argues that they are more likely to be victims of the plague outbreak in Leith from 1645. He presents some original documents that describe the situation and provides some death figures. On the day, he also presented a stone hammer and marine shells to the Society, found near the remains.

Meeting notes for 10 February, 1862 are appended.
Extracts from the Presbytery Records of Dalkeith, relating to the parish of Newbattle, during the incumbency of Mr Robert Leighton, 1641-1653
Authors: Gordon Thomas , Laing David 
Published: May 2022

This article which focuses on the life and work of Archbishop Robert Leighton begins with a brief biography. It contains transcriptions of entries from the Dalkeith presbytery books and Session records of Newbattle parish in which Leighton is referenced, with particular focus on the times that he was absent from his parish to visit his elderly father. Also included are transcriptions of some official letters that he may have contributed to.

Meeting notes for 12 May, 1862 are appended.
Address on Archaeology
Authors: Simpson J Y 
Published: May 2022

Professor J Y Simpson’s postponed Inaugural Address from the beginning of the session is printed in its entirety. He emphasises the variety of fields of study that involve archaeology, the increasingly scientific approach to the study of the past, and some of the conclusions reached by archaeologists in the past century. Professor Simpson then goes on to acknowledge the work of members of the Society in chronicling Scotland’s past but speculates about what information could be gained if antiquarians were able to converse with the spirits of ancient Scots, highlighting that there are many further lines of archaeological study to pursue. He also comments on the importance of both the excavation of artefacts and the study of written sources about Scotland’s past. To conclude his talk, he encourages his audience to advocate for the protection of historical monuments.

Meeting notes for 10 December, 1860 are appended.
A Dual‐Ligand Strategy to Regulate the Nucleation and Growth of Lead Chromate Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Hongpeng , Zhang Deyun , Gong Xiangnan , Feng Zhendong , Shi Ming , Liu Yang , Zhang Chengbo , Luan Peng , Zhang Pengfei , Fan Fengtao , Li Rengui , Li Can 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for renewable hydrogen production has been regarded as a promising solution to utilize solar energy. However, most photoelectrodes still suffer from poor film quality and poor charge separation properties, mainly owing to the possible formation of detrimental defects including microcracks and grain boundaries. Herein, a molecular coordination engineering strategy is developed by employing acetylacetone (Acac) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) dual ligands to regulate the nucleation and crystal growth of the lead chromate (PbCrO4) photoanode, resulting in the formation of a high‐quality film with large grain size, well‐stitched grain boundaries, and reduced oxygen vacancies defects. With these efforts, the nonradiative charge recombination is efficiently suppressed, leading to the enhancement of its charge separation efficiency from 47% to 90%. After decorating with Co–Pi cocatalyst, the PbCrO4 photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 3.15 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs RHE under simulated AM1.5G) and an applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency (ABPE) of 0.82%. This work provides a new strategy to modulate the nucleation and growth of high‐quality photoelectrodes for efficient PEC water splitting.
Machine Learning on a Robotic Platform for the Design of Polymer–Protein Hybrids
Authors: Tamasi Matthew J. , Patel Roshan A. , Borca Carlos H. , Kosuri Shashank , Mugnier Heloise , Upadhya Rahul , Murthy N. Sanjeeva , Webb Michael A. , Gormley Adam J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolymer–protein hybrids are intriguing materials that can bolster protein stability in non‐native environments, thereby enhancing their utility in diverse medicinal, commercial, and industrial applications. One stabilization strategy involves designing synthetic random copolymers with compositions attuned to the protein surface, but rational design is complicated by the vast chemical and composition space. Here, a strategy is reported to design protein‐stabilizing copolymers based on active machine learning, facilitated by automated material synthesis and characterization platforms. The versatility and robustness of the approach is demonstrated by the successful identification of copolymers that preserve, or even enhance, the activity of three chemically distinct enzymes following exposure to thermal denaturing conditions. Although systematic screening results in mixed success, active learning appropriately identifies unique and effective copolymer chemistries for the stabilization of each enzyme. Overall, this work broadens the capabilities to design fit‐for‐purpose synthetic copolymers that promote or otherwise manipulate protein activity, with extensions toward the design of robust polymer–protein hybrid materials.
Recent Progress in 1D Contacts for 2D‐Material‐Based Devices
Authors: Choi Min Sup , Ali Nasir , Ngo Tien Dat , Choi Hyungyu , Oh Byungdu , Yang Heejun , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent studies have intensively examined 2D materials (2DMs) as promising materials for use in future quantum devices due to their atomic thinness. However, a major limitation occurs when 2DMs are in contact with metals: a van der Waals (vdW) gap is generated at the 2DM‐metal interfaces, which induces metal‐induced gap states that are responsible for an uncontrollable Schottky barrier (SB), Fermi‐level pinning (FLP), and high contact resistance (RC), thereby substantially lowering the electronic mobility of 2DM‐based devices. Here, vdW‐gap‐free 1D edge contact is reviewed for use in 2D devices with substantially suppressed carrier scattering of 2DMs with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) encapsulation. The 1D contact further enables uniform carrier transport across multilayered 2DM channels, high‐density transistor integration independent of scaling, and the fabrication of double‐gate transistors suitable for demonstrating unique quantum phenomena of 2DMs. The existing 1D contact methods are reviewed first. As a promising technology toward the large‐scale production of 2D devices, seamless lateral contacts are reviewed in detail. The electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices developed via 1D contacts are subsequently discussed. Finally, the challenges regarding the reliability of 1D contacts are addressed, followed by an outlook of 1D contact methods.
High Surface Area “3D Graphene Oxide” for Enhanced Sorption of Radionuclides
Authors: Boulanger Nicolas , Kuzenkova Anastasiia S. , Iakunkov Artem , Nordenström Andreas , Romanchuk Anna Yu. , Trigub Alexander L. , Zasimov Pavel V. , Prodana Mariana , Enachescu Marius , Bauters Stephen , Amidani Lucia , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Talyzin Alexandr V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere preparation of high surface area activated reduced graphene oxide (arGO) oxidized into a 3D analogue of defect‐rich GO (dGO) is reported. Surface oxidation of arGO results in carbon to oxygen ratio C/O = 3.3, similar to the oxidation state of graphene oxide while preserving high BET surface area of about 880 m2 g−1. Analysis of surface oxidized arGO shows high abundance of oxygen functional groups which converts hydrophobic precursor into hydrophilic material. High surface area carbons provide the whole surface for oxidation without the need of intercalation and lattice expansion. Therefore, surface oxidation methods are sufficient to convert the materials into 3D architectures with chemical properties similar to graphene oxide. The “3D graphene oxide” shows high sorption capacity for U(VI) removal in an extraordinary broad interval of pH. Notably, the surface oxidized carbon material has a rigid 3D structure with micropores accessible for penetration of radionuclide ions. Therefore, the bulk “3D GO” can be used as a sorbent directly without dispersing, the step required for GO to make its surface area accessible for pollutants.
Managing Lead Leakage in Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Phosphate Interlayers
Authors: Chen Junjun , Li Sheng , Ma Tianshu , Wu Donghui , Zhao Yue , Wang Changlei , Zhao Dewei , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLead leakage from perovskite solar cells (PSCs) leads to device failure and environment contamination. Here, these issues are solved with a sodium phosphate (Na3PO4)‐modified tin(IV) dioxide (SnO2) layer that simultaneously boosts the device performance and captures most of dissolved lead in water. Phosphate incorporation improves charge transfers and passivates the buried perovskite interface, leading to highly improved device efficiency up to 23% with negligible hysteresis. More importantly, the phosphatized SnO2 layer shows high lead‐adsorption capacity with a sequestration efficiency of 79.6% due to the numerous anchor sites of oxygen lone pairs, converting dissolved lead into insoluble compounds in water. This study presents a facile protocol of efficient and sustainable perovskite photovoltaics upon future commercialization.
Dramatically Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation in Janus Group‐III Chalcogenide Monolayers
Authors: LI Shi‐Qi , He Chuan , Liu Hongsheng , Zhao Luneng , Xu Xinlong , Chen Maodu , Wang Lu , Zhao Jijun , Gao Junfeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2D materials are excellent platforms for nonlinear optical (NLO) response, especially second harmonic generation (SHG), due to its large surface to volume ratio and sub‐nanometer thickness. The SHG susceptibility strongly relies on the symmetry of materials. Constructing Janus structures can break the out‐of‐plane mirror symmetry, bringing about asymmetric charge distribution and leading to a built‐in electric field. Consequently, SHG response along the out‐of‐plane direction can be improved. In the current work, combining first‐principles calculations with independent particle approximation, the SHG response of nine Janus group‐III chalcogenide monolayers (M2XX', MM'X2) are systematically evaluated. Both extraordinary in‐plane and out‐of‐plane SHG response are revealed in all the Janus structures. Besides, cation MM'X2 Janus structures exhibit systemically higher SHG response than that of anion M2XX’ due to stronger dipole. Among them, GaInTe2 possesses extremely high out‐of‐plane SHG response with d31 up to 10490.4 pm V−1 at photon energy (PE) of 4.7 eV, enabling promising applications in ultraviolet NLO devices. The SHG intensity polar plots from Janus structures display unusual rotational symmetry at different PEs allowed by the out‐of‐plane SHG components. This work provides theoretical guidelines for further experimental explorations in 2D group‐III monochalcogenide Janus structures and paves the way for their utilization in NLO devices.