bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kinetic Solvent Effect on 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of 2,2,5,5‐Tetramethyl‐3‐imidazoline‐3‐oxide‐1‐oxyl
Authors: Cherkasov Sergey A. , Kaletina Polina M. , Polienko Yuliya F. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of 2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐3‐imidazoline‐3‐oxide‐1‐oxyl (1) as a controlling agent in Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization allows for activation of alkoxyamine homolysis by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a vinyl monomer [Edeleva et al. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 190–193]. Polymerization can be carried out in a medium with different polarity and hydrogen bonding capacity which affects the rate of 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. In the present study, the solvent effect on the rate of this reaction was investigated by the electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory for the six different dipolarophiles, e. g. styrene, n‐butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, maleic anhydride, and N‐phenyl maleimide. The rate of 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of non‐polar styrene was found to be slightly dependent on solvent, while one order of magnitude decrease in rate coefficient is observed for other dipolarophiles when going from hexane to methanol.
Carnosol alleviates sevoflurane‑induced cognitive dysfunction by mediating NF‑κB pathway in aged rats
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Xianjie , Li Siyuan , Li Wen , Teng Yunpeng , Zhou Yukai , Xiong Hongfei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPostoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a neurological disorder of unconsciousness due to cognitive regression after surgical anesthesia. However, the specific mechanism has not yet been clarified. Sevoflurane (SEV) is one of the most commonly used anesthetics in clinical practice, and how SEV mediates the generation of POCD is unclear. Carnosol, a natural ingredient, has been reported to have various beneficial effects such as anti‐inflammatory, immune enhancement, and so forth, but how it ameliorates SEV‐mediated neurotoxicity remains unclear. This study aimed to induce a POCD model in aged rats by SEV and to elucidate how Carnosol ameliorated SEV‐mediated neurotoxicity. The effects of Carnosol on the expression of inflammatory factors in rat hippocampus mediated by SEV were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction experiments; the effects of Carnosol on the expressions of Iba‐1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein after SEV‐mediated activation of rat microglia were clarified by immunofluorescence and Western blotting (WB); The effects of Carnosol on SEV‐mediated neuronal apoptosis were studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and WB; the specific signaling pathways regulated by Carnosol were elucidated by WB. The results showed that Carnosol can improve the cognitive dysfunction and reduce neuroinflammation in aged rats induced by SEV; Carnosol can reduce the activation of microglia and inhibit neuronal apoptosis in aged rats induced by SEV; Carnosol can phosphorylate p65 and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cells inhibitor, alpha regulates the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) pathway. Carnosol can attenuate SEV‐induced neuroinflammation, prevent microglial activation and inhibit neuronal apoptosis by modulating the NF‐κB pathway.
A theoretical modeling framework for motile and colonial harmful algae
Authors: Taylor Jackie , Calderer M. Carme , Hondzo Miki , Voller Vaughan R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate change is leading to an increase in severity, frequency, and distribution of harmful algal blooms across the globe. For many harmful algae species in eutrophic lakes, the formation of such blooms is controlled by three factors: the lake hydrodynamics, the vertical motility of the algae organisms, and the ability of the organisms to form colonies. Here, using the common cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa as an example, we develop a model that accounts for both vertical transport and colony dynamics. At the core of this treatment is a model for aggregation. For this, we used Smoluchowski dynamics containing parameters related to Brownian motion, turbulent shear, differential setting, and cell‐to‐cell adhesion. To arrive at a complete description of bloom formation, we place the Smoluchowski treatment as a reaction term in a set of one‐dimensional advection‐diffusion equations, which account for the vertical motion of the algal cells through molecular and turbulent diffusion and self‐regulating buoyant motion. Results indicate that Smoluchowski aggregation qualitatively describes the colony dynamics of M. aeruginosa. Further, the model demonstrates wind‐induced mixing is the dominant aggregation process, and the rate of aggregation is inversely proportional to algal concentration. Because blooms of Microcystis typically consist of large colonies, both of these findings have direct consequences to harmful algal bloom formation. While the theoretical framework outlined in this manuscript was derived for M. aeruginosa, both motility and colony formation are common among bloom‐forming algae. As such, this coupling of vertical transport and colony dynamics is a useful step for improving forecasts of surface harmful algal blooms.
Field investigation‐ and dietary metabarcoding‐based screening of arthropods that prey on primary tea pests
Authors: Yang Tingbang , Song Xuhao , Zhong Yang , Wang Bin , Zhou Caiquan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPredatory natural enemies play key functional roles in biological control. Abundant predatory arthropod species have been recorded in tea plantation ecosystems. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the control effect of predatory arthropods on tea pests in the field. We performed a 1‐year field investigation and collected predatory arthropods and pests in the tea canopy. A total of 7931 predatory arthropod individuals were collected, and Coleosoma blandum (Araneae, Theridiidae) was the most abundant species in the studied tea plantation. The population dynamics between C. blandum and four main tea pest species (Aleurocanthus spiniferus, Empoasca onukii, Ectropis grisescens, and Scopula subpunctaria) were established using the individual number of predators and pests in each month. The results showed that C. blandum appeared to co‐occur in the tea canopy with A. spiniferus, Em. onukii, and Ec. grisescens in a longer period. The prey spectrum of C. blandum was further analyzed using DNA metabarcoding. Among prey species, A. spiniferus, Em. onukii, and Ec. grisescens were included, and the relative abundance and positive rates of target DNA fragments of A. spiniferus were greater than that of other two pests. Combined with the high dominance index of C. blandum, co‐occurrence between C. blandum and A. spiniferus in time and space and high positive rate and relative abundance of target DNA fragments of A. spiniferus, C. blandum was identified to prey on A. spiniferus, and C. blandum may be an important predator of A. spiniferus. Thus, C. blandum has potential as a biological control agent of A. spiniferus in an integrated pest management strategy.
Interactive effects of light and snail herbivory rather than nutrient loading determine early establishment of submerged macrophytes
Authors: Feng Mingjun , Zhang Peiyu , Cheng Haowu , Frenken Thijs , Xu Jun , Zhang Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSubmerged macrophytes play a key role in maintaining a clear‐water phase and promoting biodiversity in shallow aquatic ecosystems. Since their abundance has declined globally due to anthropogenic activities, it is important to include them in aquatic ecosystem restoration programs. Macrophytes establishment in early spring is crucial for the subsequent growth of other warm‐adapted macrophytes. However, factors affecting this early establishment of submerged macrophytes have not been fully explored yet. Here, we conducted an outdoor experiment from winter to early spring using the submerged macrophytes Potamogeton crispus and Vallisneria spinulosa to study the effects of shading, nutrient loading, snail herbivory (Radix swinhoei), and their interactions on the early growth and stoichiometric characteristics of macrophytes. The results show that the effects strongly depend on macrophyte species. Biomass and number of shoots of P. crispus decreased, and internode length increased during low light conditions, but were not affected by nutrient loading. P. crispus shoot biomass and number showed hump‐shaped responses to increased snail biomass under full light. In contrast, the biomass of the plant linearly decreased with snail biomass under low light. This indicates an interaction of light with snail herbivory. Since snails prefer grazing on periphyton over macrophytes, a low density of snails promoted growth of P. crispus by removing periphyton competition, while herbivory on the macrophyte increased during a high density of snails. The growth of V. spinulosa was not affected by any of the factors, probably because of growth limitation by low temperature. Our study demonstrates that the interaction of light with snail herbivory may affect establishment and growth of submerged macrophytes in early spring. Macrophyte restoration projects may thus benefit from lowering water levels to increase light availability and making smart use of cold‐adapted herbivores to reduce light competition with periphyton.
Within‐community variation of interspecific divergence patterns in passerine gut microbiota
Authors: Kubovčiak Jan , Schmiedová Lucie , Albrecht Tomáš , Těšický Martin , Tomášek Oldřich , Kauzálová Tereza , Kreisinger Jakub 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGut microbiota (GM) often exhibit variation between different host species and co‐divergence with hosts' phylogeny. Identifying these patterns is a key for understanding the mechanisms that shaped symbiosis between GM and its hosts. Therefore, both GM‐host species specificity and GM‐host co‐divergence have been investigated by numerous studies. However, most of them neglected a possibility that different groups of bacteria within GM can vary in the tightness of their association with the host. Consequently, unlike most of these studies, we aimed to directly address how the strength of GM‐host species specificity and GM‐host co‐divergence vary across different GM clades. We decomposed GM communities of 52 passerine species (394 individuals), characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variant (ASV) profiles, into monophyletic Binned Taxonomic units (BTUs). Subsequently, we analyzed strength of host species specificity and correlation with host phylogeny separately for resulting BTUs. We found that most BTUs exhibited significant host‐species specificity in their composition. Notably, BTUs exhibiting high host‐species specificity comprised bacterial taxa known to impact host's physiology and immune system. However, BTUs rarely displayed significant co‐divergence with host phylogeny, suggesting that passerine GM evolution is not shaped primarily through a shared evolutionary history between the host and its gut microbes.
Stability of quercetin in DMEM and cell culture with A549 cells
Authors: Cao Hui , Högger Petra , Prieto Miguel‐Angel , Simal‐Gandara Jesus , Xiao Jianbo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuercetin is evidently unstable in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) at 37°C. However, the underlying mechanism of this instability is not clear yet. The stability and new degradation products of quercetin in DMEM at 37°C were investigated via in UPLC‐MS‐MS analysis. With increasing incubation time, quercetin formed various degradation products derived from its dimer and there were numerous isomers formed during this process. Ascorbic acid significantly improved the stability of quercetin by protecting quercetin from auto‐oxidation in this medium. Ascorbic acid also remarkably enhanced the stability of quercetin in DMEM in the presence of A549 cells and obviously increased the antiproliferative effect of quercetin toward A549 cells.
Thermal Structure Transformation of Methylammonium Vanadate and it's Application as a Negative Staining Reagent for Observing SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Sukmana Ndaru Candra , Sugiarto  , Shinogi Jun , Yamamoto Akima , Higashiura Akifumi , Sakaguchi Takemasa , Sadakane Masahiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe solid‐state thermal structure transformation of methylammonium vanadate, (CH3NH3)VO3, from −150 °C to 350 °C is reported. Variable‐temperature X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis at 23, 0, −50, −100, and −150 °C reveal (CH3NH3)VO3 comprises of methylammonium cations and “snake‐like” ([VO3]−)n anion chains propagating along the c‐direction in the Pna21 space group. In between −150 and −100 °C, we observe a reversible structural transformation due to the re‐orientation of the methylammonium cations in the crystal packing, which is also confirmed by the reversible profiles observed in differential scanning calorimetry. The methylammonium vanadate is stable until at ca. 100 °C and further heating releases methylamine and water and V2O5 is formed at ca. 275 °C . Furthermore, we show that the methylammonium vanadate can be used as a negative staining reagent for visualizing SARS‐CoV‐2, allowing us to discern the spike proteins from the body of the virus using transmission electron microscopy.
Synthesis of human and artificial intelligence: Review of “How to stay smart in a smart world: Why human intelligence still beats algorithms” by Gerd Gigerenzer
Authors: Grüning David J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence, due to being heavily researched and funded, reaches new peaks of performance by the hour. In his new book, Gigerenzer (2022) addresses the predominantly positive perspective on AI with an advocacy for the uniqueness of the human intellect. He outlines strengths of human intelligence and the failures as well as dangers of AI. While the book presents an enlightening case for human intelligence, the author misses out on exploring a more productive approach: The synthesis of human intelligence and AI. In the present review, I introduce strengths and weaknesses of both types of intelligence and focus on the potential of synthetic cooperation between them. I support my plea for cooperation with two recent research ventures, namely, the regulation of digital social media platforms and predicting the societal effects of emerging innovations.
Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy: Laparoscopic versus robotic approach—A cohort study
Authors: Lai Hon‐Fan , Shyr Yi‐Ming , Shyr Bor‐Shiuan , Chen Shih‐Chin , Wang Shin‐E , Shyr Bor‐Uei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThere is no consensus on the superiority of robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) over laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP).MethodsData of patients undergoing RDP and LDP were prospectively collected and compared.ResultsThere were 65 RDP and 112 LDP. RDP took a shorter operation time than LDP. Overall, DP with splenectomy took a longer operation time than that with spleen preservation. This difference was only significant in LDP group. In both RDP and LDP groups, splenectomy was associated with increased blood loss, as compared with spleen preservation. No significant differences were observed in surgical morbidity between RDP and LDP. The hospital cost in RDP was almost double that of LDP, with a median of 13,404 versus 7765 USD.ConclusionLDP is comparable to RDP in regard to surgical outcomes. LDP with spleen preservation is highly recommended whenever possible and feasible for benign or low malignant lesions in terms of lower costs and less blood loss.
Opportunities and challenges of solar thermal technologies in the Indian context
Authors: Kuchhal Piyush , Kumar Abhinav , Upadhyay Prashant , Mondal Surajit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndia has abundant solar power assets. Many districts get better than expected insulation compared with different parts of the world. The essential innovation for incorporating and changing sun‐based energy into electrical energy in India depends on photovoltaic (PV) cells. Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants have barely added to the nation's general introduced solar‐based force limit. The difficulties that have restrained the development of CSP and CST are part of the discussion and potential arrangements recommended. The primary difficulties for CSP and CST are identified as the absence of a dependable direct normal irradiance database, indigenous assembling, and rivalry from PV. The after‐effects of a contextual analysis evaluated the effect of indigenous assembling and economies of scale on capital expenses and levelized cost of power. We will evaluate the current status of CSP plants in this paper. The paper shows different incorporated technologies in solar thermal application in India with indigenous manufacturing and the energy policy supporting the solar thermal analyzing the barriers to implementation of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. Also, the techno‐economic evaluation of the CSP and CST is covered. This paper provides a framework of CSP and CST technology in India's industrial sector with their impact on goods and services provided by the sector and the cost‐effectiveness of the product and technology. Furthermore, the environmental aspects and base electrical load accumulating are researched, and various policy measures and amendments are suggested to the government from this study‐based study.
Ca‐Fe mixed metal oxide adsorbent prepared via a novel coprecipitator for efficient fluoride adsorption
Authors: Wei Jiangjiang , Wang Xinyuan , Lv Xia , Lv Guozhi , Wang Jinyu , Zhang Jinli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe extensive utilization of fluorine industrial products has brought abundant fluorine pollution. The fluorine removal is important. In this study, CaO, as a novel coprecipitator, was conducted to synthesize Ca‐Fe‐SO4 layered double hydroxide (CF) via co‐precipitation of FeSO4. Ca‐Fe mixed metal oxide adsorbent (CCF) was fabricated by calcinating CF for efficient fluoride adsorption. The results showed that CCF adsorbent had an excellent adsorption performance for fluoride. It was attributed to two reasons as follows: On one hand, Ca had a strong affinity for fluoride, improving the adsorption capacity of adsorbent for fluoride. On the other hand, Fe had a strong magnetism, which could promote the recovery of the adsorbed material. The adsorption capacity of CCF for fluorine was analyzed by batch adsorption experiments, the adsorption capacity was 160.66 mg/g at temperature of 298 K and pH of 7. Moreover, the adsorption process of fluorine and the actual adsorption process were in accordance with Langmuir model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, respectively. According to the analysis of pHzpc, FITR and XPS, the main adsorption mechanisms of CCF for fluoride in water were complexation and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, this study suggested that CaO can be a novel coprecipitator to prepare a new efficient fluorine adsorbent for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells with malignancy‐related gene mutations in patients with acquired aplastic anemia are characterized by the increased expression of CXCR4
Authors: Katagiri Takamasa , Espinoza Jorge Luis , Uemori Mizuho , Ikeda Honoka , Hosokawa Kohei , Ishiyama Ken , Yoroidaka Takeshi , Imi Tatsuya , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Kishi Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Elbadry Mahmoud Ibrahim , Yoshida Yoshinori , Chonabayashi Kazuhisa , Takenaka Katsuto , Akashi Koichi , Nannya Yasuhito , Ogawa Seishi , Nakao Shinji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe phenotypic changes in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) with somatic mutations of malignancy‐related genes in patients with acquired aplastic anemia (AA) are poorly understood. As our initial study showed increased CXCR4 expression on HLA allele‐lacking (HLA[−]) HSPCs that solely support hematopoiesis in comparison to redundant HLA(+) HSPCs in AA patients, we screened the HSPCs of patients with various types of bone marrow (BM) failure to investigate their CXCR4 expression. In comparison to healthy individuals (n = 15, 12.3%–49.9%, median 43.2%), the median CXCR4+ cell percentages in the HSPCs of patients without somatic mutations were low: 29.3% (14.3%–37.3%) in the eight patients without HLA(−) granulocytes, 8.8% (4.1%–9.8%) in the five patients with HLA(−) cells accounting for >90% of granulocytes, and 7.8 (2.1%–8.7%) in the six patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. In contrast, the median percentage was much higher (78% [61.4%–88.7%]) in the five AA patients without HLA(−) granulocytes possessing somatic mutations (c‐kit, t[8;21], monosomy 7 [one for each], ASXL1 [n = 2]), findings that were comparable to those (66.5%, 63.1%–88.9%) in the four patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndromes. The increased expression of CXCR4 may therefore reflect intrinsic abnormalities of HSPCs caused by somatic mutations that allow them to evade restriction by BM stromal cells.
Mi identidad and my privilege: The experiences of females of Mexican descent studying abroad in Mexico
Authors: Trepal Heather , Castellon Nancy E. , Kurz Isanely Guerrero , Morgan Ashley , Contreras Jacqueline 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStudy abroad is becoming increasingly common for multicultural immersion in counselor education programs. However, little is known about students who immerse themselves within their own culture. This study used a phenomenological approach to examine the experiences of nine female counseling students of Mexican descent who took part in a study abroad program in Mexico. Three themes emerged from the data (identity, privilege, and reflection). Implications for counseling study abroad programs and multicultural education are provided.
Retrospective exploratory study of smoking status and e‐cigarette use with response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Shah Chandni , Holtfreter Birte , Hughes Francis J. , Nibali Luigi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo compare periodontal treatment responses in electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) users, non‐smokers, former and current smokers.MethodsIn this retrospective clinical study, 220 patients with periodontitis were seen for baseline periodontal charting, professional‐mechanical‐plaque‐removal (PMPR) and re‐evaluation by postgraduate students. Sixty of these patients were former smokers, twenty were former smokers now using e‐cigarettes, twenty current smokers, while all others (n = 120) were non‐smokers. Effects of smoking status and treatment duration on clinical outcomes were analyzed by linear models using generalized least squares adjusted for known confounders. The primary outcome was “need for surgery” defined as number of sextants with ≥2 non‐adjacent sites of probing depths (PD) ≥5 mm.ResultsCompared with non‐smokers, e‐cigarette users had a less favorable treatment response after PMPR. This included statistically significant increased “need for surgery”, as well as increased number of sextants with PD ≥5 mm, number of sites with PD >5 mm and mean PD. There were no statistically significant differences between e‐cigarette users and current smokers. Former smokers responded statistically significantly better than e‐cigarette users for the primary outcome as well as for the number of sextants and sites with PD ≥5 mm and mean PD.ConclusionsOverall, e‐cigarette users had a statistically significantly less favorable response to PMPR than non‐smokers; their response was not statistically significantly different to those of current smokers. This, however, needs to be validated with further research in prospective clinical and observational studies in different populations.