bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Remdesivir Treatment With Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Chokkalingam Anand P. , Hayden Jennifer , Goldman Jason D. , Li Hu , Asubonteng Julius , Mozaffari Essy , Bush Christopher , Wang Jocelyn R. , Kong Amanda , Osinusi Anu O. , Gottlieb Robert L. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, poses considerable morbidity and mortality risks. Studies using data collected during routine clinical practice can supplement randomized clinical trials to provide needed evidence, especially during a global pandemic, and can yield markedly larger sample sizes to assess outcomes for important patient subgroups.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of remdesivir treatment with inpatient mortality among patients with COVID-19 outside of the clinical trial setting.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study in US hospitals using health insurance claims data linked to hospital chargemaster data from December 1, 2018, to May 3, 2021, was conducted among 24 856 adults hospitalized between May 1, 2020, and May 3, 2021, with newly diagnosed COVID-19 who received remdesivir and 24 856 propensity score–matched control patients.ExposureRemdesivir treatment.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause inpatient mortality within 28 days of the start of remdesivir treatment for the remdesivir-exposed group or the matched index date for the control group.ResultsA total of 24 856 remdesivir-exposed patients (12 596 men [50.7%]; mean [SD] age, 66.8 [15.4] years) and 24 856 propensity score–matched control patients (12 621 men [50.8%]; mean [SD] age, 66.8 [15.4] years) were included in the study. Median follow-up was 6 days (IQR, 4-11 days) in the remdesivir group and 5 days (IQR, 2-10 days) in the control group. There were 3557 mortality events (14.3%) in the remdesivir group and 3775 mortality events (15.2%) in the control group. The 28-day mortality rate was 0.5 per person-month in the remdesivir group and 0.6 per person-month in the control group. Remdesivir treatment was associated with a statistically significant 17% reduction in inpatient mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with propensity score–matched control patients (hazard ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.79-0.87]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study using health insurance claims and hospital chargemaster data, remdesivir treatment was associated with a significantly reduced inpatient mortality overall among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Results of this analysis using data collected during routine clinical practice and state-of-the-art methods complement results from randomized clinical trials. Future areas of research include assessing the association of remdesivir treatment with inpatient mortality during the circulation of different variants and relative to time from symptom onset.
Risk Factors Associated With Recurrence and Death in Patients With Tall Cell Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Wu Shannon S. , Joshi Nikhil , Sharrett Jonathan , Rao Sanjay , Shah Akeesha , Scharpf Joseph , Burkey Brian , Lamarre Eric D. , Prendes Brandon , Siperstein Allan , Shin Joyce , Berber Eren , Jin Judy , Krishnamurthi Vikram , Nasr Christian , Hong Li , Buchberger David S. , Woody Neil , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Geiger Jessica L. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceTall cell morphology (TCM) is a rare and aggressive variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that has been associated with poor outcomes; however, the risk factors for worse survival are not well characterized.ObjectiveTo identify prognostic factors associated with cancer recurrence and death in patients with PTC-TCM.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAll patients treated for PTC-TCM at a single tertiary-level academic health care institution from January 1, 1997, through July 31, 2018, were included. Tall cell variant (TCV) was defined as PTC with TCM of 30% or more; and tall cell features (TCF) was defined as PTC with TCM of less than 30%. Patients with other coexisting histologic findings and/or nonsurgical management were excluded. Clinicopathologic features associated with worse outcomes were identified using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards model. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2018, to August 15, 2018.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLocoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and overall survival (OS) after surgery.ResultsA total of 365 patients (median [range] age, 51.8 [15.9-91.6] years; 242 [66.3%] female) with PTC-TCM (TCV, 32%; TCF, 68%) were evaluable. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 336 (92%) patients; 19 (5.2%) received radiotherapy; and 15 (4.1%) received radioactive iodine. Clinical features were pT3 or T4, 65%; node-positive, 53%; and positive surgical margins, 24%. LRRFS at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year was 95%, 87%, 82%, and 73%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, male sex and age were not independent predictors of inferior 5-year LRRFS, whereas positive surgical margins (HR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.0-6.3), positive lymph nodes (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.8), and primary tumor size of 3 cm or more (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.4-7.8) were strongly associated with worse LRRFS. Age 55 years or older (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-7.0), male sex (HR 4.5; 95% CI, 2.1-10.0), positive surgical margins (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2-6.0), nodal positivity (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.7), tumor diameter of 1.5 cm or more (HR, 20.6; 95% CI, 2.8-152.1), and TCV vs TCF (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5-6.7) were associated with worse DRFS. Male sex (HR, 3.1; 95% 1.4-6.8) and tumor diameter of 1.5 cm or more (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0-7.4) were associated with worse OS. A findings-based nomogram was constructed to predict 10-year LRRFS (C index, 0.8).Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective cohort study found that in patients with PTC-TCM, positive surgical margins, node positive disease, and tumor size of 3 cm or more were risk factors for worse LRRFS. Intensified locoregional therapy, including adjuvant radiation, may be considered for treating these patients.
The systemic inflammation markers as possible indices for predicting respiratory failure and outcome in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Xu Mingming , Wang Yingying , Zhang Zhouao , Li Fengzhan , Chen Xiao , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between systemic inflammation markers and clinical activity, respiratory failure, and prognosis in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsOne hundred and seventeen MG patients and 120 controls were enrolled in this study. Differences in the four immune‐related markers of two groups based on blood cell counts: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) were measured. The stability of the associations between systemic inflammation markers and respiratory failure in MG patients was confirmed by adjusted logistic regression analysis. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate COX regression models were applied to assess the factors affecting the outcome of MG.ResultsNLR, PLR, and SII were higher in MG patients than those in controls and were positively associated with MGFA classification, but not LMR. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that PLR was an independent predictor of MG with respiratory failure. The ROC curve demonstrated that PLR showed good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MG with respiratory failure. Kaplan–Meier curve showed that GMG, positive AchR‐Ab, respiratory failure, high NLR, PLR, SII, and IVIg exposure correlated with the risk for poor outcomes in MG patients. The multivariate COX regression models indicated that GMG and high SII was a risk factor for poor outcome of MG.InterpretationThe systemic inflammation markers expressed abnormally in MG patients, in which PLR may be an independent predictor of respiratory failure, and high SII and GMG were predictive risk factors for poor outcomes in MG patients.
Advances in Lipid‐Based Codelivery Systems for Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Jogdeo Chinmay M. , Panja Sudipta , Kanvinde Shrey , Kapoor Ekta , Siddhanta Kasturi , Oupický David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCombination therapy targeting multiple therapeutic targets is a favorable strategy to achieve better therapeutic outcomes in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Codelivery is a subfield of drug delivery that aims to achieve combined delivery of diverse therapeutic cargoes within the same delivery system, thereby ensuring delivery to the same site and providing an opportunity to tailor the release kinetics as desired. Among the wide range of materials being investigated in the design of codelivery systems, lipids have stood out on account of their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and ease of formulation scale‐up. This review highlights the advances of the last decade in lipid‐based codelivery systems focusing on the codelivery of drug–drug, drug–nucleic acid, nucleic acid–nucleic acid, and protein therapeutic‐based combinations for targeted therapy in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Highly Aligned Graphene Oxide for Lithium Storage in Lithium‐Ion Battery Through A Novel Microfluidic Process: The Pulse Freezing
Authors: Liu Yifan , Ho Kane , Hwang Dae Kun , Zarrin Hadis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe modification of carbon‐based lithium‐ion batteries electrodes is required for the growing need of more reliable electric vehicles. Herein, a new method is introduced to fabricate vertically aligned graphene oxide (GO) films as free‐standing carbon lithium hosts for lithium‐ion batteries with enhanced performance. Vertical alignments are induced of GO in a microfluidic channel by controlling flow rates and patterns of GO suspensions. The vertical alignments are preserved and spontaneously form porous microstructures by Pulse Freezing the GO solutions inside the channel. This combined process results in the increase of levels of microstructure porosity and vertical alignment of GO films. The alignment and porous microstructures increase both electron and ion transfer capabilities across the prepared film. The half‐cell performance of aligned GO films shows a specific capacity of 440 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 after 150 cycles. This is a 190% specific capacity increase compared to the performance of a half‐cell prepared with GO without the high level of vertical alignment and microporosity. The significant increase in the value and stability of specific capacity and higher rates of charge transfer favor the promising application of carbon‐based lithium‐ion batteries for electric transportation industries.
Effect of Tamm Surface States on Landau Damping in Metal–Semiconductor Nanostructures
Authors: Uskov Alexander V. , Smetanin Igor V. , Protsenko Igor E. , Willatzen Morten , Nikonorov Nikolay V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hot electron generation in plasmonic nanoparticles is the key to efficient plasmonic photocatalysis. Here, the effect of Tamm states (TSs) at the metal–semiconductor interface on hot electron generation and Landau damping (LD) in metal nanoparticles is studied theoretically for the first time. TSs can lead to resonant hot electron generation and to the LD rate enhanced by several times. The resonant hot electron generation is reinforced by thetransitionabsorption due to the jump of the permittivity at the metal–semiconductor interface. Since electron states in the metal and the quasi‐discrete TS are coupledcoherently(“bound state in continuum”), the absorption spectrum of light by electrons has a Fano‐type shape. The results demonstrate clearly the importance of taking into account details of the semiconductor band structure and surface states at the metal–semiconductor interface, including Tamm surface states, for a proper description of the hot carrier generation and LD. The results are in correspondence with earlier experimental works on coherent electron transport and chemical‐induced damping in plasmonic nanostructures. Thus, by judicious selection of semiconductor materials with Tamm surface states one can engineer decay rates and hot carrier production for important applications, such as photodetection and photochemistry.
Anchoring Cs4PbBr6 Crystals to PbSe Nanocrystals for the Fabrication of UV/VIS/NIR Photodetectors Using Halide Surface Chemistry
Authors: Ahn Junhyuk , Jung Byung Ku , Kim Woosik , Lee Yong Min , Bang Junsung , Lee Sang Yeop , Park Taesung , Choi Young Kyun , Bae Jung Ho , Oh Soong Ju 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanocrystal (NC)‐in‐matrix solids are currently attracting considerable research attention in the fields of materials science and engineering owing to their unique optoelectronic characteristics and high stability. However, the interaction between the NC surface and the matrix has been veiled and induces interface defect states that degrade the performance of photovoltaics. In this study, the effect of halide ligands on the formation of a Cs4PbBr6 (CPB) crystal matrix by determining the surfaces of PbSe NCs is investigated. The surface of the PbSe NCs is passivated with halide ions (Cl−, Br−, or I−), and the CPB crystal matrix is formed via PbBr2/CsBr treatment onto the PbSe NCs. The effects of different halide ions on the nucleation/growth of the CPB matrix are examined by chemical, structural, and optical analyses. It is found that each halide ligand has a distinct effect not only on the anchoring of CPB but also on its carrier transport mechanisms. To characterize the electronic properties of the NC matrix, its carrier mobility, photoresponsivity, and stability are measured using field‐effect transistors. Consequently, it is demonstrated that more densely passivated PbSe NCs form a higher‐quality CPB matrix. Using a NC matrix, ultraviolet‐/visible‐/near‐infrared‐active flexible photodetectors are achieved.
Physical Vapor Transport Growth of Antiferromagnetic CrCl3 Flakes Down to Monolayer Thickness
Authors: Wang Jia , Ahmadi Zahra , Lujan David , Choe Jeongheon , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Li Xiaoqin , Shield Jeffrey E. , Hong Xia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe van der Waals magnets CrX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) exhibit highly tunable magnetic properties and are promising candidates for developing novel two‐dimensional (2D) spintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions and spin tunneling transistors. Previous studies of the antiferromagnetic CrCl3 have mainly focused on mechanically exfoliated samples. Controlled synthesis of high quality atomically thin flakes is critical for their technological implementation but has not been achieved to date. This work reports the growth of large CrCl3 flakes down to monolayer thickness via the physical vapor transport technique. Both isolated flakes with well‐defined facets and long stripe samples with the trilayer portion exceeding 60 µm have been obtained. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy studies show that the CrCl3 flakes are single crystalline in the monoclinic structure, consistent with the Raman results. The room temperature stability of the CrCl3 flakes decreases with decreasing thickness. The tunneling magnetoresistance of graphite/CrCl3/graphite tunnel junctions confirms that few‐layer CrCl3 possesses in‐plane magnetic anisotropy and Néel temperature of 17 K. This study paves the path for developing CrCl3‐based scalable 2D spintronic applications.
Self‐Healing Ability of Perovskites Observed via Photoluminescence Response on Nanoscale Local Forces and Mechanical Damage
Authors: Galle Marco H. J. J. , Li Jun , Frantsuzov Pavel A. , Basché Thomas , Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) of metal halide perovskites can recover after light or current‐induced degradation. This self‐healing ability is tested by acting mechanically on MAPbI3 polycrystalline microcrystals by an atomic force microscope tip (applying force, scratching, and cutting) while monitoring the PL. Although strain and crystal damage induce strong PL quenching, the initial balance between radiative and nonradiative processes in the microcrystals is restored within a few minutes. The stepwise quenching–recovery cycles induced by the mechanical action is interpreted as a modulation of the PL blinking behavior. This study proposes that the dynamic equilibrium between active and inactive states of the metastable nonradiative recombination centers causing blinking is perturbed by strain. Reversible stochastic transformation of several nonradiative centers per microcrystal under application/release of the local stress can lead to the observed PL quenching and recovery. Fitting the experimental PL trajectories by a phenomenological model based on viscoelasticity provides a characteristic time of strain relaxation in MAPbI3 on the order of 10–100 s. The key role of metastable defect states in nonradiative losses and in the self‐healing properties of perovskites is suggested.
Immunogenic Nanovesicle‐Tandem‐Augmented Chemoimmunotherapy via Efficient Cancer‐Homing Delivery and Optimized Ordinal‐Interval Regime
Authors: Sun Mengchi , Shi Wen , Wu Yuxia , He Zhonggui , Sun Jin , Cai Shuang , Luo Qiuhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe strategy of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with anthracycline is recommended by clinical guidelines for the standard‐of‐care treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nevertheless, several fundamental clinical principles are yet to be elucidated to achieve a great therapeutic effect, including cancer‐homing delivery efficiency and ordinal‐interval regime. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (TDEVs), as vectors for intratumoral intercellular communication, can encapsulate therapeutic agents and home tumors. However, PD‐L1 overexpression in TDEVs leads to systemic immunosuppression during in vivo circulation, ultimately inhibiting intratumoral T activity. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9‐edited Pd‐l1KO TDEV‐fusogenic anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) liposomes with high drug encapsulation (97%) are fabricated, which homologously deliver DOX to breast cancer cells to intensify the immunogenic response and induce PD‐L1 overexpression in the tumor. By setting the stage for sensitizing tumors to ICIs, sequential treatment with disulfide‐linked PD1‐cross‐anchored TDEVs nanogels at one‐day interval could sustainably release PD1 in the tumor, triggering a high proportion of effector T cell‐mediated destruction of orthotopic and metastatic tumors without off‐target side effects in the 4T1‐bearing TNBC mouse model. Such a TDEV‐tandem‐augmented chemoimmunotherapeutic strategy with efficient cancer‐homing delivery capacity and optimized ordinal‐interval regime provides a solid foundation for developing chemoimmunotherapeutic formulations for TNBC therapy at the clinical level.
Promotion of Lung Cancer Metastasis by SIRT2‐Mediated Extracellular Protein Deacetylation
Authors: Wu Meng , Zhang Jian‐Bin , Xiong Yi‐Wei , Zhao Yong‐Xu , Zheng Meng‐Ge , Huang Xia‐Li , Huang Fang , Wu Xing‐Xing , Li Xue , Fan Wei‐Jiao , Hu Lin , Zeng Yuan‐Yuan , Cheng Xia‐Ju , Yue Ji‐Cheng , Du Juan‐Juan , Chen Nan‐Nan , Wei Wen‐Xiang , Yao Qing‐Hua , Lu Xiao‐mei , Huang Chao , Deng Jiong , Chang Zhi‐Jie , Liu He‐Bin , Zhao Ting C. , Chinn Y. Eugene 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAcetylation of extracellular proteins has been observed in many independent studies where particular attention has been given to the dynamic change of the microenvironmental protein post‐translational modifications. While extracellular proteins can be acetylated within the cells prior to their micro‐environmental distribution, their deacetylation in a tumor microenvironment remains elusive. Here it is described that multiple acetyl‐vWA domain‐carrying proteins including integrin β3 (ITGB3) and collagen 6A (COL6A) are deacetylated by Sirtuin family member SIRT2 in extracellular space. SIRT2 is secreted by macrophages following toll‐like receptor (TLR) family member TLR4 or TLR2 activation. TLR‐activated SIRT2 undergoes autophagosome translocation. TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6)‐mediated autophagy flux in response to TLR2/4 activation can then pump SIRT2 into the microenvironment to function as extracellular SIRT2 (eSIRT2). In the extracellular space, eSIRT2 deacetylates ITGB3 on aK416 involved in cell attachment and migration, leading to a promotion of cancer cell metastasis. In lung cancer patients, significantly increased serum eSIRT2 level correlates with dramatically decreased ITGB3‐K416 acetylation in cancer cells. Thus, the extracellular space is a subcellular organelle‐like arena where eSIRT2 promotes cancer cell metastasis via catalyzing extracellular protein deacetylation.
Residue management and genotype effect on sunn hemp organic matter and nitrogen decomposition
Authors: Garzon Jaime , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Silveira Maria Lucia , Dubeux José C. , Liao Hui‐Ling , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Moriel Philipe , Silva Hiran M. S. , Gomes Vinicius Carreteiro , Ferreira Igor M. , Alencar Nayara M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a warm‐season legume often used as a cover crop; however, there is limited information about nutrient cycling of sunn hemp residue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sunn hemp genotype and residue management on plant characteristics, decomposition, and suppression of Fusarium, Pythium, Sclerotinia, and Sclerotium microbe species. Two field experiments were conducted in Ona, FL. In Experiment 1, treatments were the split‐plot arrangement of three sunn hemp genotypes (Ubon, Blue Leaf, and ‘Tropic Sun’; main plot) and two biomass managements (removal or leaving the biomass on the field; subplot), distributed in a randomized complete block design. There was a greater biomass accumulation in 2019, but with no differences among genotypes (mean = 4,431 kg DM ha−1). Blue Leaf had greater N concentration than Ubon (23 vs. 19 g kg−1) and greater suppression of the Phytium populations than Ubon and Tropic sun in 2019 (0.9 vs. 2.0 colony forming unit g soil−1). In Experiment 2, the litter bag technique was used to estimate biomass and N decomposition. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of three genotypes and two residue management strategies (incorporated into the soil or placed on the soil surface). Sunn hemp biomass incorporation enhanced organic matter disappearance and N mineralization rate but leaving sunn hemp on the soil surface may result in a steadier N supply for the subsequent crop.