bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cypermethrin Sprays for German Cockroach Control in Single-Family Dwellings, 1986
Authors: Wright Charles G. , Dupree H. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field evaluations were conducted in single-family dwellings infested with at least 25 visible German cockroaches per kitchen to compare the efficacies of 2 concentrations of cypermethrin against a standard, chlorpyrifos. Visually-sighted German cockroaches were tallied, with flashlight illumination where necessary, in each kitchen prior to insecticide application. Items in cabinets were removed during the tally procedure to facilitate counting and to provide clear access for insecticide application. Counts were performed during Apr followed immediately by treatment with additional inspections and retreatments where living cockroaches were sighted at specified intervals. Cypermethrin (Demon) and chlorpyrifos (Dursban) sprays were applied according to label directions with a 3.8 liter, compressed air sprayer equipped with a “Multeejet™” nozzle using 1.4 kg/cm2 air pressure and pin stream spray pattern. Five replicates (single-family dwellings) were used per treatment. Other rooms were treated, but the number of cockroaches and quantity of spray applied were not recorded. Floor and wall surfaces of the kitchen were combined for the kitchen area (m2). Analyses were calculated on percentage reduction for each house using a general linear models procedure and the Waller-Duncan K-ratio t test for variables.
Screening of Acaricides for Control of One-Host Ticks, 1986
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Larvae of the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus (Say), and the southern cattle tick, B. microplus (Canestrini), in colony at the Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Mission, TX, and the tropical horse tick, Anocentor nitens (Neumann), and the winter tick, Dermacentor albipictus (Packard), in colony at Kerrville, TX, are placed onto cattle. Engorged females that detach naturally are tested. Usually candidate compounds (technical materials) are formulated as emulsifiable concentrations containing 25% active ingredient (AI), 65% xylene, and 10% Triton X-100. The compounds not soluble in xylene are usually formulated (14.3% AI) in a 1:1 mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and the xylene, Triton X-100 combination. Commercial wettable powders or emulsifiable concentrates may be used. All formulations are mixed with water immediately before treatment. Acaricides are routinely tested at 1, 0.1, and 0.01% AI; the lesser concentrations are obtained by serial dilution of the 1% concentration. Prior to treatment, ticks are washed, dried, sorted into groups of 10, and weighed. For treatment, groups of ticks are placed into 20-25 ml of acaricide, which is stirred vigorously for 30 sec and then poured through a screen that retains the ticks. Drained ticks are placed on paper toweling to dry and then held in 8-dram shell vials at 27 ± 1°C and &gt; 80% RH for oviposition. After 2-3 weeks, the female ticks are discarded, and the eggs are weighed and held for another 4-5 weeks when percentage hatch is estimated visually. Other groups of 10 ticks, which are dipped in an emulsion of 2.6% xylene and 0.4% Triton X-100 or the mixture of xylene, Triton X-100, and pyrrolidinone (equivalent to the 1% concentration of AI) and handled as treated ticks, are used as treated controls. Effectiveness is determined by comparing the estimated reproduction (ER) of each group of treated ticks with that of the control ticks. First, ER is calculated as follows:
Evaluation of Dual-Card Pyrethroid-Organophosphate and Duo-Deckum Pyrethroid Ear Tags for Fly Control in China, 1985
Authors: Easton Emmett R. , AuYeung S. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a partial confinement dairy farm near Guangzhou in the Guangdong province of southern China, 30 non-lactating Holstein dairy animals were treated on 22 May with Ralston Purina's Dual-Gard insecticide impregnated ear tags (1/cow) containing 9.4% chlorpyrifos, 7.2% permethrin which were synergized with 2% piperonyl butoxide. A second herd in a separate enclosed unit was treated on the same date with Fearing Duo-Deckumc ear tags containing 5.02% permethrin which were synergized with 5.46% technical piperonyl butoxide. A third herd was used as an untreated control. Fly xmnts were made on a daily basis at 9:00 a.m. on the 3 separate herds. Animals were maintained in tie stalls during the day but released into exercise yards to spend the night. Anti-bacterial and spray treatments of dichlorvos insecticide were applied to the yards bi-weekly.
The Efficacy of Max-Con Insecticide Impregnated Ear Tags for the Control of Resistant Horn Fly Popula Tions on 3 Western South Dakota Ranches, 1986
Authors: Easton Emmett R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High numbers of horn flies (200 side) on beef cattle treated with insecticidal ear tag:; containing synthetic pyrethroid insecticides (fenvalerate/permethrin) were reported in the Mission area (Todd County) in late 1985. In order to receive better control of this pest in western South Dakota during the 1986 fly season the Max-Con@ insecticide impregnated ear tag containing 7.0% cypermethrin, 5.09! chlorpyrifos and 3.5% piperonyl butoxide was tested on herds of 70 Black Angus beef cattle south of Colome (Tripp County) on the Cottonwood Range and Livestock Research Station in Jackson County and to a herd of white faced Herefords near Martin in Bennett County.
Free-Choice Comparisons of 3 Fly Baits, 1986
Authors: Stafford K. C. , Burg J. G. , Collison C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alfacron sugarbait (CGA 18809) was compared with Improved Golden Malrin® fly bait containing 1.0% methomyl and Hopkins Fly Bait Grits containing 1.0% Bomyl® in 30.5 × 30.5 × 30.5 cm aluminum collapsible cages. Four treatment cages were arranged around a central fly release cage, each connected by a 40.0-cm stockinette tube. Fly pupae (ca. 45 ml) were placed with water and sugar ad libitum in the center cage until most of the flies had emerged. At the start of each replication, water and sugar were removed from the center cage, a 9-cm diam petri dish with 30 g of bait or sugar was placed into each treatment cage, and the stockinette tubes leading to the treatment cages were opened simultaneously. The study was replicated 4 times with each treatment in a different cage position for a 4 × 4 Latin square design to isolate any cage position and time (replication) effects. The entire study was repeated twice (n = 8/bait). Total no. of flies/cage, dead flies/cage, and dead flies on the bait surface were recorded at 0.5, 7.5, and 24.5 h. Data were transformed for analysis (arcs Vp) and differences in % mortality (based on flies in all treatment cages), % flies per cage (based on flies in all treatment cages), and % flies on the bait (based on flies in each cage) were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's protected least significance difference (LSD) test.
Apple, Cover Spray Insecticide Test, 1986
Authors: Johnson D. T. , Mayes R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An 11-year-old apple var. “Miller Spur Red Delicious“ orchard at the Clarksville Fruit Substation, Clarksville, AR, was used in this test. Asana and Pydrin were applied to 4-tree plots in a randomized complete block design with 2 replicates per treatment. Trees were sprayed to runoff, ca 2 gal/tree using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 psi. Spray dates were 29 Apr, 8, 20, 28 May, 20 Jun, 15 and 28 Jul. Drop counts were made on 20 Jun and damage counts of fruit in tree were made on 8 Aug.
Apple, First Generation White Apple Leafhopper Timing Experiment, 1986
Authors: Eisner E. A. , Beers E. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of unreplicated 0.4 acre plots of 16-year-old trees, with under-tree irrigation. Four applications of Diazinon 50WP at a rate of 2 lb (AI)/acre were made at weekly intervals with the first application (10 May) coinciding with Petal Fall (PF). Sprays were applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operating at 400-500 psi. Per acre rates were based on 400 gal/acre. WALH populations were sampled by counting nymphs on 10 randomly selected leafhopper-injured leaves from each of 8 trees in the central area of each plot. Pretreatment counts were made 1 d prior to spray application.
Pear, Effect of Calcium Chloride on Pear Psylla Control, 1986
Authors: Riedl H. , Shearer P. W. , Facteau T. J. , Mielke E. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied 31 Jul to 13-year old pear trees by handgun operating at 200 psi. Test plots were 4 single tree replicates arranged in a randomized block. PP populations were sampled 1 and 3 weeks after treatment. Nymphs were counted on 40 terminal leaves/treatment (10/tree). Leaves were examined under a stereo microscope.
Peach, Insecticide Test, 1986
Authors: Johnson D. T. , Mayes R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At the Fruit Experiment Station in Clarksville, AR, a 7-year-old block of Red Haven was sprayed using a hydraulic sprayer (250 psi) with a handgun to runoff, ca. 2 gal/tree. Four replications of 1 tree plots were organized in a randomized complete block design. Asana and Pydrin were applied 14 and 28 May to coincide with the 2nd generation OFM emergence. Flagged terminal counts were recorded on 28 May and 3 Jun for damage assessment.
Bioassay Evaluation of Insecticides on Strawberries, 1986
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were in a 7-yr-old strawberry planting at Moreland, OH. Each replicate consisted of 18 sq ft of strawberry row with 4 replications per treatment in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 8 and 23 May, using a hand-held C02 sprayer at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. On 23 May, after insecticides had dried on foliage, random samples of 5 leaves per replicate were taken. These were taken to the laboratory and placed in ventilated plastic containers. Ten specimens of the appropriate insect pest species were added to each container. (Insects utilized in study were from an untreated alfalfa field or laboratory colony). Readings of insect mortality were taken 24 h after initial introduction to treated foliage.
Tenlined June Beetle Control on Almonds, 1986
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Rough D. , Barclay L. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on 20-yr-old ‘Nonpareil’ and ‘Merced’ almond trees in a commercial orchard near Manteca, CA. Five treatments were replicated 5 times in a completely randomized design. Each replicate consisted of a single tree. The insecticide granules were evenly applied over 729 sq ft around each tree on 25 Apr. The materials were disced and watered in with 2 inches of water applied by sprinklers. Control was evaluated by counting all larvae in 4 1-sq ft by 2 ft deep soil samples around each tree on 12 Jun. A pre-treatment evaluation was made on 26 Apr. Only trees where larvae were found were included in the study.
Mite Control on Citrus in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, 1986
Authors: Royer Tom A. , Browning H. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Single tree treatments, spaced 16 × 22 ft, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in a 4 acre orchard of 2 year old ‘Henderson’ grapefruit located at the Hoblitzelle Research and Demonstration Farm, Mercedes, TX. A spray application was made on 20 May, however, mite populations declined to near zero following a heavy rainstorm that occurred one day following the spray application. A second application was made on 30 Jul after mite populations had recovered and stabilized. Trees were sprayed until runoff with a hand-held, piston-driven sprayer timed to deliver an amount equivalent to 110 gal/acre (1 gal/tree, 35 psi, 1 min/tree). Efficacy was evaluated by processing 5 leaves/tree through a mite brushing machine that deposited mites on a 5 in. detergent-coated glass disk. Motile mites were counted from ½ of the area of the glass disk using a 25 × stereo dissecting scope. Counts were taken on 1, 5, 13, 20, and 27 Aug and 10 Sep and 1 Oct. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and when significant differences existed, means were separated with Duncans New Multiple Range Test.
Timing Lorsban Applications For California Red Scale Control, 1985
Authors: Walker G. P. , O’Connell N. , Aitken D. C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experiment with 10 lingle-tree replicates and 5 treatments was conducted in a field of 11-year old Lisbon lemons at the University of California Lindcove Field Station, Exeter, CA, Pretreatment densities of California red scale (CRS) were evaluated in mid-Apr, 1985 by examining in each plot, 75 9-inch twigs from the previous growth flush. Each twig was scored in situ as being infested or not infested with live CRS. Plots were assigned to blocks on the basis of pretreatment CRS density and the treatments were assigned randomly to each block. The 5 treatments were 5 different times for application of an identical amount of Lorsban 4E (% pt/100 gal applied by handguns from both ground and tower positions at ca. 520 psi, and ca. 20 gal/tree). Maximum and minimum temperatures recorded at the Lindcove Field Station were used to calculate degree days for CRS development (lower threshold = 53°F, no upper threshold) and pheromone traps were used to monitor male flight. Posttreatment samples were taken in mid-Oct, 1985 and in mid-Mar, 1986 by in situ examination in each plot of 75 9-inch twigs in Oct, 100 3-inch twigs in Mar, and 100 fruit in both posttreatment samples. Twigs were scored as infested or not infested with live CRS. Each fruit was scored as having 0, 1-10, or &gt;10 live and/or dead CRS since fruit are downgraded in the packinghouse when infested with large numbers of live or dead scale. Therefore, counts of live and dead scale on fruit were used to assess how well the treatment protected the fruit from becoming infested and being downgraded, while counts of live scale on twigs were used to assess how well a treatment suppressed population growth.
California Red Scale Control on Lemons, 1985
Authors: Walker G. P. , Aitken D. C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block experiment with 10 single-tree replicates and 9 treatment! was conducted in a field of 15 ft tall lemons in a 20 x 24 ft planting at the University of California Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, CA. Pretreatment densities of California red scale (CRS) in each plot were evaluated either in Mar or May by examining, in each plot, 75 randomly selected 9-in twigs from the previous growth flush. Each twig was scored in situ as being infested or not infested with live CRS. The single tree plots were assigned to blocks on the basis of pretreatment twig counts and position in the field. The 9 treatments were randomly assigned to each of the 10 blocks. All treatments were applied by handguns from ground and tower positions at ca. 500 psi and ca. 17.5 gal/tree. The NR440 oil treatment was applied 14 May; the remaining treatment! were applied 10-11 Jun. Posttreatment samples were taken in late Sep 1985 and again in early Apr 1986 by in situ examination in each plot of 75 9-incl twigs in Sep, 100 3-in twigs in Apr, and 100 fruit in both posttreatment samples. Twigs were scored for presence or absence of live CRS. Fruit were scored as having 0, 1-10, or &gt;10 live and/or dead CRS since fruit are downgraded in the packinghouse when infested with large numbers of live or dead scale. Therefore, counts of live and dead scale on fruit were used to assess how well a treatment prevented the crop from becoming infested and consequently downgraded, while counts of live scale on twigs were used to assess how well a treatment suppressed population growth.
Aphid Control on Alabama Pecans, 1984
Authors: McVay John R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted on mature “Stuart” trees located at Rome, AL. Treatments were replicated 3 times using a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of a V2 acre plot with 3 core trees and 6 border trees. Applications were made to the inside half of border trees and all sides of core trees. Data were taken from the central core tree only. Pretreatment counts were made on 4 Sep. Foliar applications were made on 5 Sep using an FMC-9100 air-blast sprayer delivering 120 gal of finished spray per acre (10 gal per tree). Posttreatment counts were made 2, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. Sampling consisted of counting the number of aphids (nymphs and adults) on 10 compound leaves per tree.
Control of Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1987
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Todd Kline S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A commercial field of near mature cabbage in Genesee County, N.Y., was used for this test. The field had a severe infestation of DB in both varieties. Where the varieties were adjacent in the middle of the field, the grower left a 10- row (5 rows in each variety) unsprayed strip 35 ft long. On both sides of this unsprayed strip, cabbage was treated on 4 Sep using a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 40 gal/acre at 80 psi. Each variety was treated with a different insecticide. On 9 Sep, 10 plants per treatment and variety were evaluated for number of DB larvae.
Celery, Beet Armyworm Control, Hidalgo County, Tex., 1986
Authors: Royer T. A. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery seedlings were transplanted 19 Sep into double-row beds (10-inch rows, 40-inch beds) at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, Tex. Soil type was Hidalgo sandy clay loam. Plots measured 25 ft by 2 beds and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide treatments were applied on 5 Mar through a CO2-powered boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gal/acre (40 psi, two 83077 flat-fan nozzles per plot, 2 mph). Three to 5 h following the treatment application, 10 second- and third-instar beet armyworm larvae were caged on each of 2 randomly selected plants within each plot. Efficacy was evaluated 7 days following each application by counting larvae that remained alive in the cage.
Efficacy of Dipel and Asana Against Lepidopterous Defoliators on Collards, 1987
Authors: Gilreath M. E. , Funderburk J. E. , Olson S. M. , Snell J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Collards were planted in greenhouse flats 9 Apr then transplanted to a field location 7 May. Experimental design was a randomized complete block arrangement with 4 replicates. Plot size was 1 row of 25 plants spaced 12 inches apart. Treatments were applied weekly from 15 May through 19 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer set to deliver 25 gal/acre at 30 psi. Efficacy was determined from periodic larval and pupal counts. On each sampling date, 3 randomly selected plants from each plot were cut at ground level, leaves were removed and examined individually in the field, and all lepidopterous larvae and pupae were recorded.
Insect Growth Regulators for Control of Colorado Potato Beetles in Potatoes, 1987
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Superior' white potatoes were planted on 14 Apr in a Sassafras sandy loam field. Plots consisted of 3 rows of potatoes, each row 25 ft long and 3 ft wide, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 over the center of each row calibrated to deliver 68 gal/acre at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 5 and 16 Jun. Percent plant defoliation was recorded on 15, 23, and 29 Jun. Numbers of CPB larvae per 5 hills were recorded on 15 Jun. Plots were harvested and yields (cwt./acre) were recorded on 5 Aug.
Foliar Insecticides for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Potato in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota, 1987
Authors: Lagnaoui Abdelaziz , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Certified B-size potatoes were planted 6 May at the University of Minnesota Northwest Experimental Station, Crookston, and at the Red River Valley Potato Grower's Association Research Farm, Grand Forks, N. Dak. Experimental plots were 25 ft long with 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Insecticidal sprays were applied 23 Jun with a CO2-powered hand sprayer delivering 36 gal of water/acre. CPB populations were very high. Posttreatment counts were made 24 h later by counting all second- and third-instar larvae.
Control of Pyrethroid Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle—Trial 1, 1986
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ricard Michele , Wiersma John , Holder Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted in early May on the Northwest Experiment Station at Crookston, Minn., using B-size Norchip certified seed. Plots were 4 40-inch rows × 35 ft with 6 ft of fallow between plots. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Soil systemics were applied over the top of the row within 4 days after planting and lightly incorporated. This location has very fine textured soil and had more than adequate moisture in 1986. Foliars were applied on 26 Jun, 10 and 28 Jul, and 12 Aug with a hand-held CO2 sprayer using 40 psi pressure and 17 gal total material/acre. Four applications of fungicide were made independent of insecticide applications. Larval counts were taken on 4 dates, as were defoliation estimations. The counts presented represent peak larval and defoliation numbers and late season defoliation levels. Yields were taken on the center 2 rows of each plot, graded as indicated, and weights were recorded.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on No-Till Transplanted Tomatoes, 1987
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ohio 7870' tomato transplants were planted no-till in 25-ft rows on 20 May with a 2-row Holland transplanter equipped with a 2-inch-wide fluted coulter in front of each planter shoe. Plots consisted of a single treatment row buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 64 inches, and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Transplanting was made in overwintered wheat. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk A loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied on 9 and 23 Jun and 1, 7, and 21 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae/10 plants and the percent defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 12 Aug from a 10-ft section of row.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1987
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 24 Feb, 18 inches apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 25 Mar; 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 Apr; and 5, 11, and 19 May with a 2.5-gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer operated at 40 psi and delivering 65-140 gal/acre (volume increased as plants grew). Second applications were made each week for Dipel and ABG 6190 on 27 Mar; 3, 10, 17, and 24 Apr; and 1, 8, and 15 May. On 5 May, the numbers of thrips were counted in 10 flowers from each plot of selected treatments. On 21 May, the numbers of small (shorter 0.5 inch) and large (longer than 0.5 inch) leafminers were counted in a 1- minute visual search of each plot. On 20 May, the number of potato aphids was counted on the terminal leaflet of five leaves from each plot. Fruit were harvested on 26 May, and the number of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by noctuid larvae (principally the southern armyworm S. eridania (Cramer)) were determined. Percentage data were transformed by the arcsine square root of (%)(0.01) prior to analysis but are presented in the original scale.