bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored Forming of hybrid bulk metal components
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Uhe Johanna , Ross Ingo , Peddinghaus Julius , Ursinus Jonathan , Matthias Tim , Bährisch Susanne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMulti-material bulk metal components allow for a resource efficient and functionally structured component design, with a load adaptation achieved in certain functional areas by using similar and dissimilar material combinations. One possibility for the production of hybrid bulk metal components is Tailored Forming, in which pre-joined semi-finished products are hot-formed using novel process chains. By means of Tailored Forming, the properties of the joining zone are geometrically and thermomechanically influenced during the forming process. Based on this motivation, forming processes (die forging, impact extrusion) coupled with adapted inductive heating strategies were designed using numerical simulations and successfully realised in the following work in order to produce demonstrator components with serial or coaxial material arrangements. The quality of the joining zone was investigated through metallographic and SEM imaging, tensile tests and life cycle tests. By selecting suitable materials, it was possible to achieve weight savings of 22% for a pinion shaft and up to 40% for a bearing bush in the material combination of steel and aluminium with sufficient strength for the respective application. It was shown that the intermetallic phases formed after friction welding barely grow during the forming process. By adjusting the heat treatment of the aluminium, the growth of the IMP can also be reduced in this process step. Furthermore, for steel-steel components alloy savings of up to 51% with regard to chromium could be achieved when using low-alloy steel as a substitute for high-alloy steel parts in less loaded sections. The welded microstructure of a cladded bearing washer could be transformed into a homogeneous fine-grained microstructure by forming. The lifetime of tailored formed washers nearly reached those of high-alloyed mono-material components.
Strong convergence rates for explicit space-time discrete numerical approximations of stochastic Allen-Cahn equations
Authors: Becker Sebastian , Gess Benjamin , Jentzen Arnulf , Kloeden Peter E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStrong convergence rates for fuly discrete numerical approximations of space-time white noise driven SPDEs with superlinearly growing nonlinearities, such as the stochastic Allen–Cahn equation with space-time white noise, are shown. The obtained strong rates of convergence are essentially sharp.
The Effects of Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training on Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lundberg Tommy R. , Feuerbacher Joshua F. , Sünkeler Marvin , Schumann Moritz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Whole muscle hypertrophy does not appear to be negatively affected by concurrent aerobic and strength training compared to strength training alone. However, there are contradictions in the literature regarding the effects of concurrent training on hypertrophy at the myofiber level.

Objective
The current study aimed to systematically examine the extent to which concurrent aerobic and strength training, compared with strength training alone, influences type I and type II muscle fiber size adaptations. We also conducted subgroup analyses to examine the effects of the type of aerobic training, training modality, exercise order, training frequency, age, and training status.

Design
A systematic literature search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) [PROSPERO: CRD42020203777]. The registered protocol was modified to include only muscle fiber hypertrophy as an outcome.

Data Sources
PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus were systematically searched on 12 August, 2020, and updated on 15 March, 2021.

Eligibility Criteria
Population: healthy adults of any sex and age; intervention: supervised, concurrent aerobic and strength training of at least 4 weeks; comparison: identical strength training prescription, with no aerobic training; and outcome: muscle fiber hypertrophy.

Results
A total of 15 studies were included. The estimated standardized mean difference based on the random-effects model was − 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.46 to − 0.00, p = 0.050) for overall muscle fiber hypertrophy. The standardized mean differences were − 0.34 (95% CI − 0.72 to 0.04, p = 0.078) and − 0.13 (95% CI − 0.39 to 0.12, p = 0.315) for type I and type II fiber hypertrophy, respectively. A negative effect of concurrent training was observed for type I fibers when aerobic training was performed by running but not cycling (standardized mean difference − 0.81, 95% CI − 1.26 to − 0.36). None of the other subgroup analyses (i.e., based on concurrent training frequency, training status, training modality, and training order of same-session training) revealed any differences between groups.

Conclusions
In contrast to previous findings on whole muscle hypertrophy, the present results suggest that concurrent aerobic and strength training may have a small negative effect on fiber hypertrophy compared with strength training alone. Preliminary evidence suggests that this interference effect may be more pronounced when aerobic training is performed by running compared with cycling, at least for type I fibers.
Research on position/force hybrid control of an FFHD robot with EHS-actuators
Authors: Wang Yongmei , Wang Xigui , Li Chen , Ruan Jiafu , An Siyuan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn Electro-Hydraulic Servo (EHS) Four-Footed Heavy-Duty (FFHD) robot is designed and developed in this work. An integration layout cylinder design scheme for the non-lightweight EHS four-footed robot with high loads and hip joint torques is proposed, and a mathematical element analysis model for a parallel EHS cylinder system is derived. Multiple inherent characteristics of the parallel-executed cylinder integration system model are then further explored. Based on the controllable functional requirements of interconnected joints and the influence reduction in internal force coupling, a force/position hybrid control scheme for the parallel-executed cylinder is determined, and the force/position signal module design unit is used to solve the force/position hybrid control in reverse. The implementation process of magnetic flux compensation and speed compensation is discussed in detail, considering the inherent requirements of the EHS-executed cylinder force control unit module. A compliant controller is then applied to the EHS-executed cylinder force unit module, and the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is determined in the EHS-executed cylinder position control unit module. The compound control strategy proposed in this paper is verified on a parallel EHS platform. The experimental verification results reveal that the values of position/force attenuation amplitude and lag phase are no greater than 10.0% and 20°, respectively. The feasibility of the interconnected implementation of the proposed hybrid control scheme is then analyzed. The conclusions obtained in this research provide relevant insights for the application of FFHD robot control systems.
A Review of the Effectiveness of Current US Policies on Antimicrobial Use in Meat and Poultry Production
Authors: Wallinga David , Smit Lidwien A. M. , Davis Meghan F. , Casey Joan A. , Nachman Keeve E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Industrial food animal production accounts for most animal-source protein consumed in the USA. These operations rely on an array of external inputs, which can include antimicrobials of medical importance. The use of these drugs in this context has been the subject of public health debate for decades because their widespread use contributes to the selection for and proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria and their genetic determinants. Here, we describe legislative and regulatory efforts, at different levels of governance in the USA, to curtail food animal consumption of medically important antimicrobials.

Recent Findings
The features and relative success of the US efforts are examined alongside those of selected member states (Denmark and the Netherlands) of the European Union. Evaluation of efforts at all levels of US governance was complicated by shortcomings in prescribed data collection; nevertheless, available information suggests deficiencies in policy implementation and enforcement compromise the effectiveness of interventions pursued to date.

Summary
The political will, robust systems for collecting and integrating data on antimicrobial consumption and use, and cross-sectoral collaboration that have been integral to the success of efforts in Denmark and The Netherlands have been notably absent in the USA, especially at the federal level.
Earlier green-up and senescence of temperate United States rangelands under future climate
Authors: Zimmer Scott N. , Reeves Matthew C. , St. Peter Joseph R. , Hanberry Brice B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate and vegetation phenology are closely linked, and climate change is already impacting phenology in many systems. These impacts are expected to progress in the future. We sought to forecast future shifts in rangeland growing season timing due to climate change, and interpret their importance for land management and ecosystem function. We trained a model on remotely sensed land surface phenology and climate data collected from 2001 to 2014 in temperate United States rangelands. We used this model to forecast annual growing season start dates, end dates, and season length through 2099 among six general circulation models and under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Growing season start was projected to shift earlier throughout our study area. In 2090–2099, start of season advanced by an average of 10 (RCP 4.5) to 17 (RCP 8.5) days. End of season also advanced by 12 (RCP 4.5) to 24 (RCP 8.5) days, but with greater heterogeneity. Start and end of season change mainly offset one another, so growing season length changes were lesser (2 days in RCP 4.5, and 7 in RCP 8.5). Some mountainous areas experienced both earlier start of season and later end of season, lengthening their growing season. Earlier phenology in rangelands would force adaptation in grazing and impact ecosystem function. Mountainous areas with earlier start and later end of season may become more viable for grazing, but most areas may experience slightly shortened growing seasons. Autumn phenology warrants greater research, and our finding of earlier autumn senescence contradicts some prior research.
Teilnehmendengewinnung in der Weiterbildung und spezifische Ansprachestrategien in der Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung – ein systematisches Literaturreview
Authors: Mania Ewelina , Ernst Sarah Jasmine , Wagner Farina 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungTeilnehmende für Weiterbildungsangebote zu gewinnen, stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung der Weiterbildungspraxis dar und ist eine klassische Aufgabe des Weiterbildungspersonals. Innerhalb des Weiterbildungsdiskurses gibt es für diesen Themenbereich jedoch keinen einheitlichen Terminus bzw. keine etablierte Kategorie. Der Beitrag zielt daher auf die Bestandsaufnahme und Systematisierung des Diskussions- und Forschungsstands zum Gegenstandsbereich der Teilnehmendengewinnung. Aufgrund der spezifischen Bedeutung der Zielgruppengewinnung im Programmbereich Alphabetisierung und Grundbildung, und dabei ausgehend von den Besonderheiten der Zielgruppe der gering Literalisierten, wird dieser Bereich fokussiert.
Die Entwicklung von Beruflichkeit über iterative Lern- und Bildungsprozesse
Authors: Kraus Katrin 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungBeruflichkeit bezeichnet eine spezifische Form der Erwerbsarbeit und darauf bezogener Bildungsprozesse. Sie orientiert sich an den beiden Zieldimensionen berufliche Handlungsfähigkeit und erwerbsbiographische Gestaltungskompetenz und umfasst die Elemente fachliches Wissen und Können, überfachliche Kompetenzen, Allgemeinbildung, berufliche Identität und Berufsethos. Entwickelt wird Beruflichkeit über pädagogische Settings beruflicher Aus- und Weiterbildung, berufliche Sozialisation und (reflektierte) Erfahrung in der Berufstätigkeit. Beruflichkeit hat Relevanz auf individueller, organisationaler, sozialer und systembezogener Ebene und die Funktion einer transsektoriellen Verbindung von Bildung und Arbeitswelt. Ausgehend von diesem Verständnis von Beruflichkeit wird im Beitrag in Anlehnung an den Ansatz der iterativen Bildung die Entwicklung individueller Beruflichkeit theoretisch über berufliche Lern- und Bildungsprozesse begründet, die sich entlang der gesamten Berufsbiographie in verschiedenen räumlichen Kontexten vollziehen und über Beruflichkeit gerahmt sind.
Re-evaluating invasive species in degraded ecosystems: a case study of red-eared slider turtles as partial ecological analogs
Authors: Dupuis-Desormeaux Marc , Lovich Jeffrey E. , Whitfield Gibbons J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExotic species are often vilified as “bad” without consideration of the potential they have for contributing to ecological functions in degraded ecosystems. The red-eared slider turtle (RES) has been disparaged as one of the worst invasive species. Based on this review, we suggest that RES contribute some ecosystem functions in urban wetlands comparable to those provided by the native turtles they sometimes dominate or replace. While we do not advocate for releases outside their native range, or into natural environments, in this review, we examine the case for the RES to be considered potentially beneficial in heavily human-altered and degraded ecosystems where native turtles struggle or fail to persist. After reviewing the ecosystem functions RESs are known to provide, we conclude that in many modified environments the RES is a partial ecological analog to native turtles and removing them may obviate the ecological benefits they provide. We also suggest research avenues to better understand the role of RESs in heavily modified wetlands.
Factors associated with thyroidectomy complications in resource-limited settings: An observational study
Authors: Wondwosen Mekete , Bekele Mahteme , Abebe Kirubel , Tantu Temesgen , Zewdu Dereje 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background: Even though thyroidectomy outcomes and their predictive factors are various and widely studied, the data from our country and other African countries where the disease burden is high are limited. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and factors associated with thyroidectomies complication in a resource limited setting where the procedures were performed by general surgeons/general surgery residents.

Methods:
This is an observational study of one hundred ninety-nine patients undergoing elective thyroidectomy from September 1, 2020, to August 30, 2021. The primary outcomes are the incidence and types of complications observed during and after surgery. The secondary outcomes are identifying risk factors associated with complications. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify risk factors. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result:
The incidence of complications after thyroid surgeries was 18.6%. The two commonest complications were an external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLNI) injury and hypocalcemia. Thyroidectomy performed by residents and patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, the independent risk factor of the EBSLN injury [AOR = 8.015; 95%CI (1.402–45.807); P = 0.019 and postoperative hypocalcemia [AOR = 17.797; 95%CI (3.799–83.374); P < 0.001, resulted in an incidence of 7.54% and 5.53% respectively.

Conclusion:
The incidence of thyroidectomy complications is relatively similar to other studies. However, the provision of special training for residents on surgical techniques to prevent EBSLN injury and performing non-total thyroidectomies for benign thyroid diseases are recommended to reduce complications.

Highlights
Regularity of calibrated sub-actions for circle expanding maps and Sturmian optimization
Authors: GAO RUI 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this short and elementary note, we study some ergodic optimization problems for circle expanding maps. We first make an observation that if a function is not far from being convex, then its calibrated sub-actions are closer to convex functions in a certain effective way. As an application of this simple observation, for a circle doubling map, we generalize a result of Bousch saying that translations of the cosine function are uniquely optimized by Sturmian measures. Our argument follows the mainline of Bousch’s original proof, while some technical part is simplified by the observation mentioned above, and no numerical calculation is needed.
Linking sporadic hospital clusters during a community surge of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 delta variant: The utility of whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Wee Liang En , Ko Karrie Kwan-Ki , Conceicao Edwin Philip , Sim Jean Xiang-Ying , Rahman Nurdyana Abdul , Tan Shireen Yan-Ling , Cao Delphine Yan-Hong , Chan Kenneth Xing-Long , Aung May Kyawt , Aung Myat Oo , Yong Yang , Arora Shalvi , How Molly Kue Bien , Tan Kwee Yuen , Lee Lai Chee , Tan Thuan Tong , Wijaya Limin , Sim James Heng Chiak , Suphavilai Chayaporn , Venkatachalam Indumathi , Ling Moi Lin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSporadic clusters of healthcare-associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred despite intense rostered routine surveillance and a highly vaccinated healthcare worker (HCW) population, during a community surge of the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.617.2 δ (delta) variant. Genomic analysis facilitated timely cluster detection and uncovered additional linkages via HCWs moving between clinical areas and among HCWs sharing a common lunch area, enabling early intervention.
Basket Case!
Authors: Wallace Carden C. 
Published: April 2022

Queensland has some 400 public museums and art galleries. Large or small, these are all dedicated to caring for their part of what is often called the ‘distributed national collection’ and to permanently documenting a segment of our history — social, natural or otherwise. Each of us who steps inside such an institution to help in this effort is liable to become lost to this world for the rest of our working life. We are all, in some sense, collectors, and we tend to be very loyal to ‘our’ subject matter.
The effects of multi-nutrient formulas containing a combination of n-3 PUFA and B vitamins on cognition in the older adult: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fairbairn Paul , Dyall Simon C. , Tsofliou Fotini 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere is now evidence to suggest that there may be an interaction between B vitamins and n-3 PUFA, with suggestions that increasing intake of both nutrients simultaneously may benefit cognition in older adults. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether supplementation with a combination of n-3 PUFA and B vitamins can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Randomised controlled trials conducted in older adults that measured cognitive function were retrieved. The included trials provided a combination of n-3 PUFA and B vitamins alone, or in combination with other nutrients. Trials that provided n-3 PUFA alone and also measured B vitamin status or provided B vitamin supplementation alone and measured n-3 PUFA status were also included. The databases searched were The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and MEDLINE. A total of 14 papers were included in the analysis (n 4913; age: 60–70 years; follow-up 24 weeks to 4 years). The meta-analysis results found a significant benefit of nutrient formulas, which included both n-3 PUFA and B vitamins alongside other nutrients, v. placebo on global cognition assessed using composite scores from a neuropsychological test battery (G = 0·23, P = 0·002), global cognition using single measures of cognition (G = 0·28, P = 0·004) and episodic memory (G = 0·32, P = 0·001). The results indicate that providing a combination of n-3 PUFA and B vitamins as part of a multi-nutrient formula benefits cognition in older adults v. a placebo, and the potential for an interaction between these key nutrients should be considered in future experimental work.
Temperature-dependent population dynamics for Aedes aegypti in outdoor, indoor, and enclosed habitats: a mathematical model for five North American cities
Authors: Roise Annika , Wallace Dorothy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA model for the Aedes aegypti lifecycle is developed that takes into account temperature-dependent maturation and death rates for several life stages, wet and dry egg oviposition with flooding, as well as three classes of larval habitat with different temperature profiles: outdoor (subject to external temperature fluctuations, human-inhabited), indoor (temperature moderated, human-inhabited, interior), and enclosed (temperature moderated, human free, exterior). An equilibrium analysis shows that the temperature range of outdoor viable equilibrium populations aligns closely with reported risk levels. Temperature patterns for El Paso, Texas; New York, New York; New Orleans, Louisiana; Orlando, Florida; and Miami, Florida, are considered. In four of these locations (all but New York), enclosed habitats can support mosquito populations even if all outdoor and indoor habitats are removed. In two locations (El Paso and New York) the model shows that in spite of the disappearance of adult mosquitoes during colder temperatures, populations reach seasonal steady state due to the survival of eggs. The results have implications for both vector and disease control.
Integrating parasite assemblages and host genetics for population discrimination in the black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci) in natural protected areas of the northern Yucatan peninsula
Authors: Villegas-Hernández Harold , Guillén-Hernández Sergio , González-Salas Carlos , Pech-Puch Dawrin , Espínola-Novelo Juan F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe population structure of the black grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci) from the northern Yucatan Peninsula was evaluated with a two-fold emphasis on the spatial scales (whether island or coastal localities), as well as the effects of protection based on three natural protected areas (NPA) with different categories. To this end, specimens were collected at each NPA: Celestun (Biosphere Reserve) and Dzilam (State NPA) which are coastal and Alacranes (National Park) which is an island. Population discrimination was carried out by means of intestinal helminth parasite infracommunities and the hosts’ genetic similarities, highlighting the contradictions or coincidences between approaches. The intestinal parasitic fauna was examined in 161 specimens, of which 150 were genetically characterized using microsatellite DNA markers. Three distinct parasite communities were observed, in which taxa mainly responsible for the differences were the digeneansProsorhynchus atlanticus,Prosorhynchussp.,Lepidapedoides epinepheliandHamacreadium mutabileas well as the acanthocephalanGorgorhynchussp. The hosts’ genotypes indicated three genetically separated subunits that deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and genetic differences evidenced a structured population. Despite the expectation that island NPAs would be distinctive, the coastal locality of Dzilam was the most differentiated. The present recognition of population subunits would indicate the beneficial effects of preserving the gene pool variability of the coastal Dzilam subunit since it is, at present, the least restrictive NPA where unregulated fishing is still allowed. Thus, this study indicates fishing regulations should be strengthened (e.g. determine catch quotas or reduce fishing effort) to prevent diversity loss (whether biological or genetic) in these NPAs, particularly in Dzilam, which is probably the most threatened area.