bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new large‐sized species ofChelonoidis(Testudinidae) without gibbosities from the middle Miocene of Aguada Escondida (NWChubut, Patagonia, Argentina)
Authors: Vlachos Evangelos , de la Fuente Marcelo S. , Sterli Juliana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPreviously, only one small‐sized species of Testudinidae (Chelonoidis gringorum) was named from Lower‐Middle Miocene of Central Patagonia. In this short article, we describe a new large Testudinidae, here namedChelonoidis meridianasp. nov. This large new species (carapace up to 80 cm) differs from other large species of the southern South American fossil record by the absence of gibbosities on neural and costal carapacial bones, a short and wide entoplastron with a humeropectoral sulcus that was placed well behind its posterior end, and pectoral scutes that are medially longer, approximately one‐third of the medial length of the hyoplastra. The discovery of this new species in the Middle Miocene increases the raw turtle diversity in Chubut, permitting to reduce the gap between the raw and phylogenetic diversity previously proposed. This occurrence is also important from both a temporal and geographic point of view. It permits fixing the presence of large‐sized tortoises in the continent since ~15 million years ago (Middle Miocene). This occurrence predates all other large and giant tortoises from Argentina and South America and it is older than the giantChelonoidisfrom the Langhian–Tortonian of Colombia. This is also the southernmost occurrence of a large‐sized testudinid in the world.
Re‐evaluating the evidence for late‐surviving megafauna at Nombe rockshelter in the New Guinea highlands
Authors: Prideaux Gavin J. , Kerr Isaac A. R. , van Zoelen Jacob D. , Grün Rainer , van der Kaars Sander , Oertle Annette , Douka Katerina , Grono Elle , Barron Aleese , Mountain Mary‐Jane , Westaway Michael C. , Denham Tim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe causes of the Late Pleistocene extinction of most larger‐bodied animals on the Australian continent have long been controversial. This is due, in no small part, to inadequate knowledge of exactly when these species were lost from different ecosystems. The Nombe rockshelter in the highlands of Papua New Guinea is one of very few sites on Sahul with as‐yet‐unrefuted evidence for the survival of megafaunal species until more recently than 40 thousand years (ka) ago. However, our understanding of the age of this site has been based on radiocarbon dating. Here we present new U–Th ages on large marsupial specimens from the deposit and identify a range of postcranial elements to species that include the diprotodontid Hulitherium tomasettii, kangaroo Protemnodon tumbuna and thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus. Direct U–Th ages of 27–22 ka ago on faunal remains of Protemnodon tumbuna and another large unidentified macropodid are consistent with the existing radiocarbon chronology, yet are minimum ages due to the potential for post‐depositional uptake of 238U and stratigraphic reworking. Pollen analyses indicate perhumid, montane forests dominated by Nothofagus persisted, with minimal human disturbance from at least c.26–20 ka ago up to the terminal Pleistocene. Collagen fingerprinting (ZooMS) demonstrates the potential of protein‐based identification of megafaunal remains at Nombe in the future. This study leaves open the possibility of extended coexistence between some megafaunal species in the montane rainforests of New Guinea and intermittently visiting groups of people, and underscores the need for further investigation of the Nombe deposit. Although preliminary, these findings reinforce the view that debates regarding megafaunal extinctions on Sahul require a greater appreciation of species‐specific temporalities and the degrees of human impact on diverse habitats across the continent.
Coping‐resilience profiles and experiences of stress in autistic adults
Authors: Muniandy Melanie , Richdale Amanda L. , Lawson Lauren P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmerging studies allude to high stress in autistic adults. Considering the detrimental impact of stress on health outcomes, examining individual resources which may influence the extent to which stress is experienced (e.g., coping and resilience) is vital. Using a person‐focused approach, this study aimed to identify coping‐resilience profiles, and examine their relations to general perceived stress and daily hassles in a sample of autistic adults (N = 86; aged 19–74 years). Cluster analysis identified four coping‐resilience profiles (i.e., high cope/ low resilience, low cope/ high resilience, engage cope/ high resilience, and disengage cope/ low resilience). The high cope/ low resilience and disengage cope/ low resilience groups had significantly higher general perceived stress than the remaining groups. No significant group differences were noted in relation to daily hassles. Jointly addressing coping and resilience may be beneficial on the perceived stress experienced in autistic adults. The use of coping‐resilience profiles may also allow for the personalization of stress management and support options in the autistic adult population.
Viewing teratogens through the lens of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Authors: Mark Paul R. , Dunwoodie Sally L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion is associated with numerous diseases in humans. Recently it was revealed that genetic blockage of the NAD+ synthesis pathway in humans causes birth defects in multiple organ systems and miscarriage. Additionally, mice with NAD+ deficiency created through dietary restriction of tryptophan and vitamin B3 were shown to have congenital anomalies affecting virtually every organ system along with miscarriage. Perturbations in NAD+/NADH affect mechanisms of teratogenesis presented by Wilson and others, including genetic alterations, altered energy sources, and lack of precursors and substrates needed for biosynthesis.MethodsMedical literature was evaluated to demonstrate how perturbations in NAD+/NADH affect mechanisms of teratogenesis. In addition, literature describing several different teratogens of various types (infectious, physical, maternal health factors, drugs) was reviewed showing the impact of these teratogens on NAD+ and NAD+/NADH ratios.ResultMany teratogens affect NAD+ by altering its metabolism, decreasing its intracellular availability, or decreasing its production, which in turn is a plausible mechanism for the creation of birth defects.ConclusionLooking at teratogens through the lens of their impact on NAD+ could provide valuable insight into the mechanism by which some teratogens cause birth defects and miscarriage.
The uses and abuses of boredom in the classroom
Authors: Yacek Douglas W. , Gary Kevin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough the educational and psychological hazards of boredom are well documented, an increasing number of researchers have argued that boredom may be a helpful, rather than harmful, emotion for the growing individual. In this paper, we engage with this re‐conception of boredom and explore its implications for contemporary education: Can boredom enhance student learning, or support certain forms of it? Can it be put to use in the classroom? What are the risks involved? In addressing these questions, we show that boredom can fulfil several important psychological functions under certain special conditions. At the same time, we argue that careful attention to the moral psychology of boredom reveals that it has significant disadvantages for helping students to develop a meaningful and fulfilling relationship to subject matter in the classroom. Against the backdrop of this analysis, we discuss the concept and experience of aspiration as a potential way of tempering and eventually obviating the psychological pitfalls of boredom. In the final section, we draw out several principles of an aspirational approach to grappling with boredom in education.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of a novel green‐emitting LiYGeO4:Tb3+ long afterglow phosphor
Authors: Ou Guangjin , Song Hongqing , Gong Xinyong , Cui Ruirui , Deng Chaoyong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new green luminescent phosphor, Li(Y1‐xTbx)GeO4, was prepared using a high‐temperature solid‐phase method. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measured spectrum agreed well with the standard card JCPDS No. 02‐3479, indicating that it is a quaternary compound belonging to the space group of Pnma(62) with an orthogonal crystalline phase; the excitation and emission spectra measured using the phosphor spectrometer showed that it can be effectively excited by near‐ultraviolet light at 378 nm and blue light at 482 nm, and produced excellent strong emission of green light at 550 nm. The afterglow test results show that the sample had a good long afterglow effect at lower doping concentrations; the thermal stability test results showed that its thermal burst activation energy ΔE ≈ 0.37 eV had its excellent thermal stability. The rare earth Tb3+‐doped green phosphor, LiYGeO4:Tb3+, has potential applications in household lighting, medical therapy, and optical storage.
Accidental ingestion of a dental object during a periodontal surgical procedure on an IV sedated patient: Case management
Authors: Dastouri Ebrahim , Heck Teresa Y. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionForeign‐body aspiration (FBA) and ingestion (FBI) are rare but serious events that occur in dental offices throughout the world every year. Such events can have significant medical, legal, and financial consequences for both the dental clinician and the patient. By presenting this case study, we aim to highlight the proper management and possible sequelae of such an event.Methods and ResultsA 72‐year‐old woman underwent a dental procedure with intravenous sedation. In the process of dental treatment, a dental bur was accidentally ingested. The patient was promptly referred to an urgent care clinic, where serial abdominal radiographs were taken over several days to track the course of the bur through the digestive system. The bur was successfully removed without complication.ConclusionPrompt management and referral of dental FBA and FBI cases, followed by successful object retrieval, lead to uncomplicated resolution of the event.Key pointsWhy is this case new information?

This case presents the proper management of the FBA and FBI, particularly for IV sedated patients who require immediate action to mitigate and prevent serious complications.
What are the keys to the successful management of this case and how can the risk of FBA and FBI be mitigated?

The use of throat packs or rubber dams helps prevent foreign body aspiration and ingestion.
Attaching floss to appliances and objects when appliances are used intraorally. (Specifically, to implant guide pins and implant screwdrivers.)
Thorough isolation of the oropharynx from the mouth using a barrier, such as a gauze pad or rubber dam, during bracket placement, orthodontic appliance adjustment, and screwing or cementing of implant crowns
Short and extra short implants should be connected by ligature to the implant handpiece.
What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Lack of a throat pack
Failure to confirm connection of bur to handpiece
Patient's anatomy (redundant colon) preventing natural expulsion of the bur
Identification of key taste components in two aromatic rice varieties by widely targeted metabolomics in China
Authors: Zhao Luyao , Duan Xiaoliang , Hou Can , Liu Hongbin , Sun Hui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDue to the lack of comprehensive evaluation of all metabolites in rice, the metabolic reasons for taste differences are unclear. Here, two local varieties Wuyoudao 4 (WYD) (rich‐sweet flavor) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ) (delicate‐sweet flavor) were selected for ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry based widely targeted metabolomic analysis.FindingsWYD and NJ were clearly separated by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, and 231 metabolites were different between the cultivars, including 35 amino acids and derivatives, 14 saccharides and alcohols, and 12 organic acids. Among them, glucose, fructose, arabitol, and xylitol, contributed mainly to the rich‐sweet flavor of WYD rice. Leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, isocitric acid, and malic acid were the dominant compounds in NJ rice, and therefore, contributed primarily to the delicate‐sweet flavor.ConclusionsVital compounds of rich‐sweet for WYD, and delicate‐sweet for NJ were clear. The differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the glucosinolate biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, and 2‐oxocarboxylic acid metabolism pathways.Significance and NoveltyThis study would provide fundamental insights into the taste formation compounds and mechanism of aromatic rice.
The effect of cold plasma pretreatment on GABA, γ‐oryzanol, phytic acid, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity in brown rice during germination
Authors: Li Ren , Li Zhi‐Jiang , Wu Na‐Na , Tan Bin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGermination pretreatment is an effective way to improve the nutritional quality and sensory quality of germinated brown rice (GBR). Cold plasma pretreatment (CPP) has been demonstrated to improve the physicochemical properties of GBR. The effects of CPP on reducing phytic acid and improving nutrient composition in GBR have not been evaluated, and there are few studies on the changes of phytic acid and phytase, especially the changes of the forms and compositions of γ‐oryzanol, phenolics, and flavonoids in GBR with CPP. Therefore, this study evaluated the changes of phytase, phytic acid, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), γ‐oryzanol, flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity in GBR with or without CPP.FindingsThe phytic acid content in CPP‐treated GBR for germination of 72 h was lower (7.60 mg/g, dry basis weight [DW]) than that in untreated GBR (9.01 mg/g DW). At the same germination time, the phytase activity and GABA, total γ‐oryzanol contents in CPP‐treated GBR were higher than those in untreated GBR. However, total flavonoids and phenolics levels, flavonoid compositions and phenolic acids contents, and T‐AOC and DPPH antioxidant capacity in CPP‐treated GBR were lower than those of untreated GBR.ConclusionsThese results indicated that CPP for brown rice was an effective method for decreasing the phytic acid and enhancing GABA and γ‐oryzanol in GBR compared with non‐CPP of brown rice for germination.Significance and noveltyCPP is beneficial to reduce phytic acid and improve the GABA and γ‐oryzanol contents of GBR, which provides a theoretical basis for producing functional and nutritious GBR foods.
Changes in body composition in relation to estimated glomerular filtration rate and physical activity in predialysis chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bhat Prathiksha R. , Urooj Asna , Nalloor Srinivas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly body composition changes, associated with physical inactivity and disease advancement are devastating for patient‐related outcomes in predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), thus warranting a detailed analysis of body composition beyond conventional measures.MethodsThe study included 40 subjects diagnosed with CKD; recruited between January to May 2021. Body composition was measured using the multifrequency analyzer, InBody 770. International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form was used to assess physical activity. Suitable statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 58.68 ± 12.24 years. Sarcopenic obesity was prevalent in 62.5% of the subjects. Body mass index under identified obesity by 15% compared to percent body fat, especially in subjects with low muscle mass. The decline in a unit of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) significantly correlated with a decrease in weight (p = 0.02), body fat mass (p = 0.05), visceral fat area (p = 0.05), and phase angle (p = 0.01) with marginal changes in waist–hip ratio and extracellular water/total body water. The effect of physical activity on skeletal muscle mass was homogeneous between low and moderate levels, but significantly different from high activity level.ConclusionChanges in fat and fluid compartment were associated with eGFR decline, whereas higher physical activity positively affected body composition.
Ultrathin Cage‐based Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets as Precursor for Pyrolysis‐Free Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Yan Yi , Qin Hongmei , Ding De , Yang Pengfei , Hou Qiankun , Basset Jean‐marie , Chen Yin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUltrathin covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets are very appealing 2D materials, but the mass production of ultrathin COF nanosheets remains a great challenge. Here, by using cage‐like bicyclocalix[2]arene[2]triazines tri‐aldehyde (BCTAL) as the building block, 2D COF Cage‐COF‐1 was estimated to have a very weak interaction between adjacent layers (around 1/50 compared to that of graphite). As a result, 1.2 nm thick trilayer COF nanosheets were facilely exfoliated from the pristine COFs with large lateral size and high thickness homogeneity. The Cage‐COF‐1 nanosheet is featured by imine linkage, but it is catalytic inactive in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). After post‐metalation with Co2+ under ambient conditions, remarkable catalysis activity and stability was observed for Cage‐COF‐1‐Ns/Co, which has lower overpotential (330 mV) and Tafel slope (56 mV/dec) in catalytic OER compared to many other Co catalysts. This work has confirmed that weakening the interlaminar interaction is an effective strategy for the production of ultra‐thin COFs nanosheets. Due to the fully exposed and accessible imine linkage, catalysis active metal site can be controllably produced via post‐synthesis from nanosheets under very mild conditions.
Detection of unique delete attack in wireless sensor network using gradient thresholding‐long short‐term memory algorithm
Authors: Tamil Selvi Seruvan , Visalakshi Pandikkannu 
Published: September 2022

SUMMARYWireless sensor network (WSN) is widely used in many fields, including agriculture, military, healthcare, monitoring, and surveillance. WSN application increases day by day due to growth in embedded and internet technologies. However, data security in WSN is challenging, and different types of attacks are increasing. Traditional intrusion detection methods analyze and identify attacks such as Denial of Service, anomaly detection, wormhole, sybil, and blackhole. Traditional methods never addressed the application layer's novel attack, such as the delete attack. Unique DELETE attack (DA) forms in the application layer and targets web servers and applications. Since unique DA use uniform resource locator requests, distinguishing them from legitimate traffic becomes difficult. The unique DA classify as unique (or) single, multiple, and repeated unique DELETE attacks; for detecting the unique DA types, gradient thresholding‐long short‐term memory (GT‐LSTM) algorithm is proposed using packet per second and traffic rate data in WSN nodes. GT‐LSTM algorithm detects unique DA through different thresholding at the training option layer in LSTM. Different gradient thresholding values in LSTM reduce the exploding gradients which fail to detect the unique DA nodes. Gradient thresholding in LSTM layers lies 1 to 3 for detecting unique DELETE attack nodes. The proposed method reduces detection time, improves accuracy, and identifies the hidden node that performs a unique DA in WSN. The unique DELETE Attack identification and performance through the proposed GT‐LSTM is analyzed in the NS2 simulation environment and the test bed of WSN. Forms the experimental and simulation results, GT‐LSTM performs better than fuzzy, KNN, and linear regression‐based intruder detection systems. The proposed algorithm achieves 99% accuracy in detecting the DELETE attack nodes in WSN.
Accurate identification of cell doublet profiles: Comparison of light scattering with fluorescence measurement techniques
Authors: Rico Laura G. , Bardina Jorge , Bistué‐Rovira Àngel , Salvia Roser , Ward Mike D. , Bradford Jolene A. , Petriz Jordi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDoublet discrimination is usually based on pulse analysis of light scatter parameters. A combination of two pulse parameters (Area, A; Height, H; or Width, W) can be used to discriminate a pulse originated in a single cell from a pulse originated from cells stuck together. Fluorescence signals can be also used to discriminate aggregates, being essential to identify cells in the G2/M phase from doublets in the G0/G1 phase in cell cycle/DNA applications. The most used method combines FSC‐A versus FSC‐H, whereas other strategies combine FSC‐H versus FSC‐W, SSC‐H versus SSC‐A and SSC‐H versus SSC‐W. However, when studying activated or proliferating cells, scatter discrimination can be difficult. In this study, we have compared the use of light scattering with fluorescence measurement techniques for successful doublet discrimination for single cells. Effective use of FSC and SSC height, area and width are commonly used to eliminate aggregates. However, fluorescence‐based methods using viable DNA stains provide a good compromise between performance and accurate manual gating methods, especially for highly concentrated cell products and pathological specimens. Viable DNA dyes, such as Vybrant™ DyeCycle™ Violet stain or Hoechst 33342, can be used to detect nucleated cells in blood and in bone marrow, or to discriminate cell aggregates and debris based on no‐lyse no‐wash assays, where scatter degradation is a dominant component of the measured data, which increases with event rate.
Shade tolerance as a key trait in invasion success of submerged macrophyte Cabomba caroliniana over Myriophyllum spicatum
Authors: Koleszár Gergő , Lukács Balázs András , Nagy Péter Tamás , Szabó Sándor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe synergy between climate change, eutrophication, and biological invasion is threatening for native submerged plants in many ways. The response of submerged plants to these changes is a key factor that determines the outcome of biological invasion. In order to explain the invasion successes, we investigated the combined effects of climate change and eutrophication‐related environmental factors (temperature, light, and nutrients) on the trait responses of a native (Myriophyllum spicatum) and an alien (Cabomba caroliniana) submerged species. In a factorial design, we cultivated the two species in aquaria containing low (0.5 mg N L−1, 0.05 mg P L−1) and high (2 mg N L−1, 0.2 mg P L−1) nutrient concentrations, incubated at four light intensities (average 25, 67, 230, and 295 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR photon flux density) under two temperature levels (21.5 and 27.5 ± 0.5°C). We used four invasion‐related functional traits (relative growth rate (RGR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and nitrogen to carbon ratio (N:C molar ratio)) to measure the environmental response of the species. We calculated plasticity indexes to express the trait differences between species. Cabomba caroliniana showed significantly higher RGR and SLA than M. spicatum especially under low light intensity indicating that Cabomba is much more shade tolerant. Elevated temperature resulted in higher SLA and reduced LDMC for C. caroliniana indicating that Cabomba may have higher invasion success. Myriophyllum showed higher LDMC than C. caroliniana. Chemical analyses of the plant tissue revealed that although M. spicatum showed significantly higher N:C molar ratio, nonetheless, the daily nitrogen uptake of C. caroliniana was more than three times faster than that of M. spicatum. Results supported the idea that due to its higher shade tolerance and nitrogen uptake capacity, Cabomba likely has greater invasion success with increasing temperature combined with low light levels.