bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytology-based Cancer Surgery of the Head and Neck (CyCaS-HN): a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Linxweiler Maximilian , Körner Sandrina , Wemmert Silke , Rimbach Hugo , Helfrich Johanna , Linxweiler Barbara , Takacs Zoltan Ferenc , Solomayer Erich Franz , Wagner Mathias , Morris Luc G. T. , Schick Bernhard , Kühn Jan Philipp 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is routinely used in gynecology but is rarely applied in head and neck oncology though many suspicious lesions are easily accessible. While several studies have evaluated the potential use of LBC for early detection and molecular characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), no study investigated its potential role in surgical management and therapy planning so far.

Methods
Twenty-five patients with cT1-2 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx were prospectively enrolled in this study and were randomized to two treatment arms: in the control arm, a diagnostic panendoscopy with incisional biopsy was followed by a second operation with transoral tumor resection ± neck dissection and tracheostomy. In the intervention arm, patients underwent LBC diagnostics and in case of a positive result received one single operation with panendoscopy and incisional biopsy for confirmation of LBC result by rapid section histology followed by transoral tumor resection ± neck dissection and tracheostomy in the same session.

Results
Time between clinical diagnosis and definitive surgical treatment was significantly shorter in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Additionally, time of hospitalization (p < 0.0001) and cumulative operation time (p = 0.062) were shorter in the intervention group. No significant differences in overall, progression-free, and disease-specific survival were observed.

Conclusion
Cytology-based cancer surgery is a promising therapeutic strategy that can potentially be considered for a well-defined group of early-stage HNSCC patients and help to avoid repetitive general anesthesia, shorten the diagnosis-to-treatment interval and spare operation as well as hospitalization time.
Predation of boreal owl nests by pine martens in the boreal forest does not vary as predicted by the alternative prey hypothesis
Authors: Sonerud Geir A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe alternative prey hypothesis (APH) states that temporally synchronous population fluctuations of microtine rodents and other small herbivores are caused by generalist predators that show functional and numerical responses to the abundance of microtines. This would lead to an increased predation of alternative prey in the low phase of the microtine population fluctuations. One candidate for such a predator is the tree-climbing pine marten (Martes martes), which includes bird eggs in its diet, among them eggs of the cavity-nesting boreal owl (Aegolius funereus). I used long-term data to test whether pine marten predation of boreal owl eggs in nest boxes varied as predicted by the APH. The probability of predation of owl nests situated < 45 km from a site where microtines were trapped in spring during four decades increased with microtine trapping index, which is opposite to the prediction from the APH. As the data set was limited to one nest per box, I extended it spatially and temporally using the clutch size of each boreal owl nest as a proxy for the actual microtine abundance at the site. The probability of nest predation increased with clutch size. However, the effects of microtine index and owl clutch size became non-significant when I controlled for habitat, and in particular cavity age, which had an overriding effect. The increase in predation probability with cavity age suggests that the long-term spatial memory of pine marten is an important factor in the pattern of its nest predation in tree cavities.
Learning from data streams for automation and orchestration of 6G industrial IoT: toward a semantic communication framework
Authors: Pokhrel Shiva Raj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEstablished methods of communication are based mainly on Shannon’s theory of information, which purposefully overlooks semantic elements of communication. The future wireless technology should promise to facilitate many services, based on content, needs, and semantics, precisely customized to network capabilities. This gave rise to significant concern for Semantic Communication (SC), a novel paradigm considering the message’s meaning during transmission. Federated learning (FL) and Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic (A3C) are the two emerging distributed and artificially intelligent approaches that provide diverse and possibly massive network coverage for data-driven SC solutions of industry 4.0 automation. Although SC is still in an early development stage, FL-empowered architecture has been recognized as one of the most promising solutions to meet the ubiquitous intelligence in the anticipated sixth-generation (6G) networks. This paper identifies industry 4.0 automation needs that drive the convergence of artificial intelligence and 6G for learning from data streams. We develop a novel SC framework based on the FL and A3C networks and discuss its potential along with transfer learning to address most of the new difficulties anticipated in 6G for industrial communication networks. Our proposed framework has been evaluated with extensive simulation results.
The detrital zircon record of Variscan to post-Variscan tectonosedimentary and magmatic processes in the Tauern Window (Eastern Alps)
Authors: Veselá P. , Oriolo S. , Basei M. A. S. , Lammerer B. , Siegesmund S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCoupled U–Pb and Lu–Hf LA-ICP-MS detrital and igneous zircon data were obtained from metasedimentary sequences (Kaserer Formation, Schmirntal Quartzite, Seidlwinkel Formation, Bündnerschiefer Basin, Riffler Basin) of the western Tauern Window (Eastern Alps). Results show maximum deposition ages between the Late Permian and the Triassic, indicating protracted sedimentation and magmatism between the Late Paleozoic and the Mesozoic. The Lu–Hf fingerprint shows a change from subchondritic to variable subchondritic to suprachondritic compositions at ca. 290 Ma, possibly documenting the transition from Late Paleozoic Variscan post-collisional processes to intracontinental extension. Lithospheric thinning and magmatic underplating may explain the observed Hf isotopic evolution as the result of mixing of crustal and mantellic sources. From a paleogeographical perspective, results confirm that the Tauern Window was situated between Alpine basement units (South Alpine, Austroalpine and External Massifs) and the Bohemian Massif during the Permian–Triassic.
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in children—paradigm of decompressive craniectomy compared to a historic cohort
Authors: Hubertus Vanessa , Finger Tobias , Drust Ricarda , Al Hakim Sara , Schaumann Andreas , Schulz Matthias , Gratopp Alexander , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability in children. Medical therapy remains limited, and decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an established rescue therapy in case of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Much discussion deals with clinical outcome after severe TBI treated with DC, while data on the pediatric population is rare. We report our experience of treating severe TBI in two different treatment setups at the same academic institution.

Methods
Forty-eight patients (≤ 16 years) were hospitalized with severe TBI (GCS ≤ 8 points) between 2008 and 2018 in a pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) at a specialized tertiary pediatric care center. Data on treatment, clinical status, and outcome was retrospectively analyzed. Outcome data included Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 3-, 12-, and 36-month follow-up. Data was compared to a historic cohort with 53 pediatric severe TBI patients treated at the same institution in a neurointensive care unit between 1996 and 2007. Ethical approval was granted (EA2/076/21).

Results
Between 2008 and 2018, 11 patients were treated with DC. Compared to the historic cohort, patients were younger and GCS was worse, while in-hospital mortality and clinical outcome remained similar. A trend towards more aggressive EVD placement and the internal paradigm change for treatment in a specialized pediatric ICU was observed.

Conclusions
In children with severe TBI treated over two decades, clinical outcome was comparable and mostly favorable in two different treatment setups. Consequent therapy is warranted to maintain the positive potential for favorable outcome in children with severe TBI.
Neurocognitive development in isolated Robin sequence treated with the Tuebingen palatal plate
Authors: Naros Andreas , Steiner-Wilke Irene , Kaiser Nadja , Bacher Margit , Koos Bernd , Blumenstock Gunnar , Wiechers Cornelia , Poets Christian F. , Reinert Siegmar , Krimmel Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to determine the neurocognitive development of cleft palate patients with and without Robin sequence (RS).

Materials and methods
Children with isolated RS with cleft palate and children with cleft palate only (CPO) were contacted at the age of 5–6 years. All RS children had undergone initial polygraphic sleep study (PG) with a mixed-obstructive apnea index (MOAI) of ≥ 3/h and were consequently treated with the Tuebingen palatal plate. A standardized clinical examination as well as a neuropediatric and neuropsychological examination included the Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), and an assessment of developmental milestones.

Results
In total, 44 children (22RS, 22CPO) were included. RS children were younger at study (70.5 ± 7.3 and 75.2 ± 7.5 months; P = .035). Both groups achieved the evaluated milestones within the normed time frame. WPPSI-III and K-ABC results showed no group differences. Mean values for Verbal IQ (101.8 ± 11.1 vs. 97.1 ± 15.7), Performance IQ (102.9 ± 12.1 vs. 99.6 ± 14.5), Processing Speed Quotient (98.9 ± 15.6 vs. 94.5 ± 15.7), Full-Scale IQ (103.2 ± 12.1 vs. 98.4 ± 15.3), and Sequential Processing Scale (102.1 ± 13.1 vs. 94.2 ± 17.3) were within the reference range (IQ 85–115) for RS and CPO children, respectively, indicating average performance of both groups.

Conclusion
No neurocognitive, physical, or mental impairments were detected suggesting that RS children having upper airway obstruction (UAO) treated early and effectively may use their potential for an age-appropriate neurocognitive development.

Clinical relevance
Tuebingen palatal plate treatment successfully releases UAO. Thus, isolated RS does not necessarily result in developmental delay or an impaired neurocognitive outcome.

Trial registration
Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, DRKS00006831, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/
Evidence for investing in parenting interventions aiming to improve child health: a systematic review of economic evaluations
Authors: Sampaio Filipa , Nystrand Camilla , Feldman Inna , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA comprehensive review of the economic evidence on parenting interventions targeting different aspects of child health is lacking to support decision-making. The aim of this review is to provide an up to date synthesis of the available health economic evidence for parenting interventions aiming to improve child health. A systematic review was conducted with articles identified through Econlit, Medline, PsychINFO, and ERIC databases. Only full economic evaluations comparing two or more options, considering both costs and outcomes were included. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Drummond checklist. We identified 44 studies of varying quality that met inclusion criteria; 22 targeting externalizing behaviors, five targeting internalizing problems, and five targeting other mental health problems including autism and alcohol abuse. The remaining studies targeted child abuse (n = 5), obesity (n = 3), and general health (n = 4). Studies varied considerably and many suffered from methodological limitations, such as limited costing perspectives, challenges with outcome measurement and short-time horizons. Parenting interventions showed good value for money in particular for preventing child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. For the prevention of child abuse, some programs had the potential of being cost-saving over the longer-term. Interventions were not cost-effective for the treatment of autism and obesity. Future research should include a broader spectrum of societal costs and quality-of-life impacts on both children and their caregivers.
Early and midterm results of radiofrequency ablation (Rafaelo® procedure) for third-degree haemorrhoids: a prospective, two-centre study
Authors: Tolksdorf S. , Tübergen D. , Vivaldi C. , Pisek M. , Klug F. , Kemmerling M. , Schäfer H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating third degree haemorrhoids, with a follow-up over 2 years.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, two-centre study to assess RFA of third-degree haemorrhoids in an outpatient setting. Treatment was performed under local anaesthesia, optionally in combination with sedation. The primary endpoint was analysis of a proctological symptom score ([PSS] bleeding, itching, pain, soiling) and proctological examination to detect recurrence at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The secondary endpoints were postoperative complications, incidence of postoperative pain, including administration of analgesics and time to return to daily routine.

Results
Ninety-eight patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 49.1 ± 10.9 (mean ± SD). 83 patients (84.7%) were male and 15 patients (15.3%) were female. The follow-up involved 100% (1 month), 95% (6 months), 86% (12 months) and 74% after 24 months. The individual symptom scores and overall PSS score decreased significantly in comparison to the initial score at each time point assessed. Prolapsed haemorrhoids decreased in comparison to the initial situation (100%) to 7.2% (1 month), 3.5% (6 months), 13.1% (12 months) and 13.7% (after 24 months). Thirteen patients (12.7%) required repeat haemorrhoid therapy during the 2-year follow-up period. The mean maximum pain score after the procedure was 2.5 ± 2.7 (determined with the visual analogue scale), while 33 (33.7%) patients reported having no pain. 59 (60.2%) patients did not take analgesics after the procedure. Eleven patients (11.2%) experienced minor complications (bleeding, fever, cramps, diarrhoea, anal venous thrombosis) but did not require additional treatment. Eight cases (8.2%) of major complications (infection, bleeding, severe pain) required treatment with antibiotics, a second intervention, analgesics or hospitalization.

Conclusions
RFA is safe and effective for treatment of third-degree haemorrhoids. The main advantages of this new method are its use on an outpatient basis under local anaesthesia, a very low level of postoperative pain and significant control of haemorrhoid symptoms over 2 years.
The common interests of health protection and the economy: evidence from scenario calculations of COVID-19 containment policies
Authors: Dorn Florian , Khailaie Sahamoddin , Stoeckli Marc , Binder Sebastian C. , Mitra Tanmay , Lange Berit , Lautenbacher Stefan , Peichl Andreas , Vanella Patrizio , Wollmershäuser Timo , Fuest Clemens , Meyer-Hermann Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe develop a novel approach integrating epidemiological and economic models that allows data-based simulations during a pandemic. We examine the economically optimal opening strategy that can be reconciled with the containment of a pandemic. The empirical evidence is based on data from Germany during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Our empirical findings reject the view that there is necessarily a conflict between health protection and economic interests and suggest a non-linear U-shape relationship: it is in the interest of public health and the economy to balance non-pharmaceutical interventions in a manner that further reduces the incidence of infections. Our simulations suggest that a prudent strategy that leads to a reproduction number of around 0.75 is economically optimal. Too restrictive policies cause massive economic costs. Conversely, policies that are too loose lead to higher death tolls and higher economic costs in the long run. We suggest this finding as a guide for policy-makers in balancing interests of public health and the economy during a pandemic.
Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Pilosocereus leucocephalus group s.s. (Cactaceae) reveal new taxonomical implications
Authors: Franco-Estrada Daniel , Barrios Duniel , Cervantes Cristian R. , Granados-Aguilar Xochitl , Arias Salvador 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPilosocereus is one of the Cactaceae family’s most relevant genera in terms of the number of species and its wide geographical range in the Americas. Within Pilosocereus, five informal taxonomic groups have been recognized, one of which is P. leucocephalus group s.s., whose phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved. Therefore, our objectives are to recognize the circumscriptions of the species in P. leucocephalus group s.s. and to corroborate the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of this group through a set of morphological and molecular characters. This study is based on representative sampling along the broad distribution of this group in Mexico and Central America using multivariate and phylogenetic analyses. The morphological characters identified to contribute to species recognition and group formation are branch diameter, areole length, the areole length-width ratio, the distance between areoles, the length of the longest radial spine, and branch and spines colors. The chloroplast markers rpl16, trnL-trnF, and petL-psbE and the nuclear marker AT1G18270 support the monophyly of the P. leucocephalus group s.s., and two probable synapomorphies are suggested, including one transversion in rpl16 and another in petL-psbE. Together, our results demonstrate that sampled species of P. leucocephalus group s.s. encompass six species distributed in Mexico and Central America: P. alensis and P. purpusii in the western region, P. chrysacanthus and P. collinsii in the central region, and P. gaumeri and P. leucocephalus in the eastern region. A taxonomic key to recognized species is provided.
Nach Corona kommt die Schuldenwelle — begründete Sorge oder Panikmache? Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Kredit- und Konsummarkt
Authors: Donau Kai-Friedrich 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe corona pandemic had a considerable impact on consumers. The difficult situation in numerous sectors of the economy has led to financial burdens for many households. Despite repeated warnings announcing significantly increasing debts, the number of new payment arrears during the past two years has been below the level of the pre-COVID-19 period according to analysis based on SCHUFA data. This is due to the fact that consumers have adjusted their financial and consumption behavior or made use of their financial reserves — reserves that could now be lacking due to rising prices, especially for energy.
Einkommen und Kreditschulden privater Haushalte
Authors: Grabka Markus M. , Bartz Berenike 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes the development of the needs-weighted net household income of persons in private households in Germany since the year 2000. It also focuses on the presentation of the prevalence and amount of credit debts of private households. The central result is that the share of repayments for loans in Germany has been declining overall since 2000. In particular, the share of households that spend more than 30 % of their household net income on loan repayments has halved over the last 20 years. Despite this overall positive development, there is a risk that the problem of over-indebtedness in Germany could increase again since on the one hand, many self-employed people have suffered high turnover losses due to the containment measures of the coronavirus pandemic, while on the other, the ECB could raise nominal interest rates due to tightened inflation, which would lead to a considerable financial burden for indebted households.
Steuern und Budgetdefizite als Determinanten des Sozialprodukts
Authors: Helmedag Fritz 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Theorie und Praxis heißt es oft, dass Steuersenkungen die Wirtschaftsaktivität stimulieren. Kaum etwas hört man jedoch über mögliche kontraktive Rückwirkungen, wenn die öffentlichen Ausgaben mit den ordentlichen Einnahmen schrumpfen. Im Rahmen einer elementaren gesamtwirtschaftlichen Analyse wird zunächst untersucht, wie variierende Steuererträge und alternative Budgetreaktionen das Volkseinkommen beeinflussen. Gängige Rezepte zur Ankurbelung der aggregierten Nachfrage erweisen sich als kontraproduktiv. Die auf einem eingeschränkten Defizitmultiplikator beruhende Kritik an der Selbstfinanzierungsthese kreditfinanzierter Ausgaben erweist sich zwar ebenfalls als unhaltbar, der erwünschte Konjunkturimpuls wird aber paralysiert, sofern der Steuermehrertrag der Schuldentilgung dient. Das verfügbare private Einkommen hängt zwar vom nachfragewirksamen Budgetdefizit ab, nicht aber von der Steuerquote, die jedoch den Anteil öffentlicher Güter am Sozialprodukt beeinflusst. Leitlinien eines wohlfahrtsorientierten Schuldenmanagements runden die Empfehlungen für eine funktionelle Fiskalpolitik ab.
Zollkrieg und Handelsabkommen zwischen den USA und China
Authors: Diekmann Berend , Kilpper Michael 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungVier Jahre nach Beginn des chinesisch-amerikanischen Zollkriegs und zwei Jahre nach der Unterzeichnung des Phase-One-Abkommens ist ein guter Zeitpunkt gekommen, um die Auswirkungen der Außenhandelspolitik auf die US-Wirtschaft zu untersuchen. Auch wenn die Entwicklungen seit 2019 von anderen Faktoren überlagert und sogar dominiert wurden, fällt dieses Fazit aber eindeutig negativ aus, wie der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt.
Der Wirtschaftsstabilisierungsfonds — eine (Zwischen-)Bilanz
Authors: Steinberg Philipp , Lüthen Holger , Gehring Lukas , Schulz-Bianco Daniel 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Wirtschaftsstabilisierungsfonds (WSF) ist eines von mehreren staatlichen Unterstützungsinstrumenten, die zur Bekämpfung der Folgen der Coronakrise aufgelegt wurden. Der WSF wurde für Unternehmen mit besonderer (volks-)wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung konzipiert. Dabei verfügt der Fonds über ein breites Spektrum an eigenkapitalähnlichen Hybridinstrumenten, wie stillen Beteiligungen und Nachrangdarlehen, wobei im Ausnahmefall auch offene Beteiligungen eingesetzt werden. Trotz der geringen Zahl stabilisierter Unternehmen zeigt sich, dass der WSF ein wichtiger Baustein der Krisenarchitektur ist — dank passgenauer Stabilisierungslösungen konnten wichtige Unternehmen erfolgreich stabilisiert werden.
Impfpflichten, Anreize und die effiziente Nutzung von Coronaimpfstoffen
Authors: Stolpe Michael 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungImpfpflichten sind aus ökonomischer Sicht ein negativer Anreiz, sich impfen zu lassen. Im Einzelfall genauso wirksame positive Anreize — etwa staatlich finanzierte Impfprämien — können flexibler gestaltet werden, einige Nachteile starrer gesetzlicher Impfpflichten vermeiden und womöglich eine höhere Impfquote erreichen helfen. Zuverlässige Antikörpertests können helfen, die Subventionierung auf Menschen ohne ausreichenden Immunschutz zu begrenzen. Wegen des hohen volkswirtschaftlichen Werts einer höheren Impfquote im Kampf gegen SARS-CoV-2 hat Deutschland einen großen ungenutzten Finanzierungsspielraum für Impfprämien. Denkbar sind auch Kombinationen von Impfprämien und -pflichten.