bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The trouble with local community in Longyearbyen, Svalbard: Howbig politicsand lack offellesskaphinder a not-yet-decided future
Authors: Sokolíčková Zdenka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBased on long-term ethnographic fieldwork data, this article argues there is tension between how Longyearbyen’s residents wish to perform as a community and hindrances the town inherited from its past and accepts as demarcation lines of Norway’s Svalbard politics. The population of Longyearbyen has undergone considerable change since the 1990s, turning from a predominantly Norwegian mining community into a highly diversified group of people from all over the world. This article places Longyearbyen into the wider context of settlements with similar traces (in Scandinavia, the Arctic, multilingual and immigrant communities worldwide, or in the context of extractivism) and discusses the existing barriers of communitification. Encounters with four participants illuminate the tensions and contradictions when it comes to cultivating social cohesion and shaping Longyearbyen’s “desired futures.” Unless the process of increasing the community’s agency is actively encouraged by people living there and those governing it from the outside, the future of the settlement risks being alienating for its inhabitants, weakening further the communitification potential.
Striped hyaena den site selection in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
Authors: Ashish K. , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Kalle Riddhika 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe den is a multi-purpose critical space of carnivores and provides a growth conducive refuge which ensures both substances and protection from interspecific predation and harsh climate. Selection of optimal den sites determined by various site-specific factors potentially reduces aversive interspecific interactions and provides cost-effective access to food sources. In this study, we have assessed the factors determining the den site selection by a small population of striped hyaena,Hyaena hyaenain a shared landscape dominated by large carnivores. We assessed den site selection as a function of vegetation patch characteristics, site-specific anthropogenic threats/activities and topographical variables using Bayesian algorithm through field collected binomial data on den use by the species. Our model suggested that hyaenas select rocky refugia surrounded by trees and tall grasses, situated on mountain slopes proximate to a water body. Our study consolidated the importance of undulating terrain in the species ecology and postulated the slope as an ‘energy-expensive’ terrain that refrains frequent movement of other carnivores, in turn providing more affordable denning space for the striped hyaena. This study provides critical information on denning ecology of last remaining major breeding population striped hyaena of southern India.
A longitudinal study into learners’ productive collocation knowledge in L2 German and factors affecting the learning
Authors: Boone Griet , De Wilde Vanessa , Eyckmans June 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal study explored the roles of item- and learner-related variables in L2 learners’ development of productive collocation knowledge (L1 = Dutch; L2 = German; NLearners= 50). Learners’ form recall knowledge of 35 target collocations was measured three times over a 3-year period. The item-related variables investigated were L1-L2 congruency, corpus frequency, association strength, and imageability. We also explored the learner-related variables L2 prior productive vocabulary knowledge and L2 immersion. Mixed-effects regression modeling indicated a significant effect of time, congruency, and prior productive vocabulary knowledge on learners’ collocation learning. While learners’ knowledge of congruent collocations remained relatively stable after year one, knowledge of incongruent collocations increased significantly. Learners’ prior productive vocabulary knowledge was clearly associated with growth of productive collocation knowledge, but besides overall growth there were instances of attrition.
The impact of communication on the work performance of Chinese seafarers on board
Authors: An Ji , Gao Wenting , Liu Runze , Liu Ziqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEffective communication among seafarers is an important part of ship resource management. The improvement of effective internal communication among seafarers has an important impact on the improvement of work performance. This paper conducts an empirical study to determine which factors are related to the impact of seafarers’ communication on work performance. A questionnaire was designed to investigate 339 seafarers from different companies, different ship types and different ranks. The hypotheses were tested and analysed by five-point Likert scale, hierarchical regression analysis and path analysis. The findings of the study show that communication frequency and communication quality have a significant positive effect on performance. The effect of communication quality on performance is greater than the effect of communication frequency on performance. Two dimensions of team diversity – knowledge and skill diversity – have a significant positive impact on communication quality. Based on the questionnaire and relevant analysis, this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the seafarer's work performance from the perspective of communication.
Emergency Service Assistance for Injuries on Alpine Ski Slopes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wagner Moritz , Pfurtscheller Simon , Dammerer Dietmar , Nardelli Paul , Kaufmann Gerhard , Brunner Alexander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectives:Injuries on alpine ski slopes have been described in cohorts of a reasonable sample size, but constant improvements in safety gear, increased use of airborne rescue, and safety measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mandate re-evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate skiing and snowboarding injuries, effectiveness of airborne rescue, and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a large sample size.Methods:Data on alpine injuries were prospectively collected from the state emergency services dispatch center in the state of Tyrol (Austria). A total of 10,143 patients were identified, with an average age of 33.5 years (SD = 20.36). The ski patrol was involved in 8,606 cases (84.9%) and some patients (n = 1,536; 15.1%) required helicopter rescue.Results:A total of 10,143 patients were identified from the dataset of the emergency dispatch center. The most frequently injured region was the knee (30.2%), and it was followed by the shoulder (12.9%), the lower leg (9.5%), and the head/skull (9.5%).Conclusion:The present findings indicate that the most frequent site of injuries on alpine slopes is the knee, and life-threatening injuries are rare. Airborne rescue is very time-effective, however clinical studies with patient follow-up should be emphasized to determine the impact of airborne rescue on patient outcome. The present findings indicate that the duration of all rescue operations has been prolonged as a result of the introduction of safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Neuropsychological functioning predicts psychosocial adjustment after postacute rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury
Authors: Feiger Jeremy A. , Snell Jeffry , Chiou Kathy S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectives:To examine neuropsychological functioning as a predictor of psychosocial adjustment difficulties at discharge from a postacute residential rehabilitation facility for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and depression as a potential mediator.Methods:A retrospective record review was conducted of 172 adults who received rehabilitation services for TBI. Individuals completed a full battery of neuropsychological tests, depression assessment, and functional assessments at admission. Functional assessments were also obtained at discharge.Results:A two-phase structural equation model analysis was performed. The first phase specified a good fitting model of a cognitive functioning (CF) latent construct with four indicators of cognitive domains measuring verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, verbal learning, and working memory. Worse CF was associated with greater psychosocial adjustment impairment at discharge, but not related to depression. Psychosocial adjustment impairment at admission was positively associated with depression when controlling for CF, however depression did not predict psychosocial adjustment at discharge. Thus, depression was not found to be a significant mediator of psychosocial adjustment impairment at discharge.Conclusions:Results provide support for neuropsychological functioning at the start of postacute rehabilitation for TBI as an important predictor of psychosocial functioning difficulties that remain upon discharge and highlights the need to examine mechanisms beyond depression.
Disclosure of enterprises' environmental violations: evidence from Chinese public supervision
Authors: Shi Beibei , Yang Fei , Kang Rong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnvironmental violation by enterprises is a common problem in environmental management worldwide. To restrict enterprises' environmental pollution behaviors, China has implemented a public supervision system based on environmental information publicity, which guides the public to participate in environmental governance and supervises enterprises' environmental pollution behaviors. This study exploits a quasi-natural experiment based on the disclosure policy of the Pollution Information Transparency Index in China from 2008 and the difference-in-differences method to evaluate the disclosure effect of public supervision on enterprises' environmental violations, and to examine its environmental benefits and their realization path. We find that the public supervision system is conducive to the disclosure of enterprises' environmental violations. At the same time, public supervision has achieved the expected environmental benefits, mainly realized by reducing enterprises' output to reduce polluting emissions, and this mechanism is more obvious for high-polluting enterprises.
Orthographic and semantic priming effects in neighbour cognates: Experiments and simulations
Authors: Dijkstra Ton , Peeters David , Hieselaar Wessel , van Geffen Aaron 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo investigate how orthography and semantics interact during bilingual visual word recognition, Dutch–English bilinguals made lexical decisions in two masked priming experiments. Dutch primes and English targets were presented that were either neighbour cognates (boek – BOOK), noncognate translations (kooi – CAGE), orthographically related neighbours (neus – NEWS), or unrelated words (huid - COAT). Prime durations of 50 ms (Experiment 1) and 83 ms (Experiment 2) led to similar result patterns. Both experiments reported a large cognate facilitation effect, a smaller facilitatory noncognate translation effect, and the absence of inhibitory orthographic neighbour effects. These results indicate that cognate facilitation is in large part due to orthographic-semantic resonance. Priming results for each condition were simulated well (all r's >.50) by Multilink+, a recent computational model for word retrieval. Limitations to the role of lateral inhibition in bilingual word recognition are discussed.
Under‐Ice Hydrography of the La Grande River Plume in Relation to a Ten‐Fold Increase in Wintertime Discharge
Authors: Peck Christopher J. , Kuzyk Zou Zou A. , Heath Joel P. , Lameboy John , Ehn Jens K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA large under‐ice plume forms because of the regulated winter discharge from the La Grande River hydroelectric complex (NE James Bay, Canada), which is among the largest winter discharges in the circumpolar north. In 2016–2017, field campaigns were completed to characterize the under‐ice plume's structure, extent, and short‐term dynamics related to tides, weather, and discharge. Amid concerns of the freshwater's impact on eelgrass, the lateral spreading of the under‐ice plume into inshore areas was also assessed. When discharges averaged 4,800 m3 s−1 throughout the January–March periods, the freshwater influence of La Grande River extended more than 100 km north along the James Bay coast, with the brackish (salinity <25) under‐ice plume more than three times larger than for a natural winter discharge of ∼460 m3 s−1. The core area of the under‐ice plume, defined as the area with a highly stratified water column and surface layer of salinity <5, extended 30–35 km north and >20 km south. It was stable throughout the January–March 2016–2017 periods and, despite 30% higher winter discharge, was not significantly larger compared to survey periods in 1984–1987. This stability appears to be due to coastal geometry and width of the landfast ice cover, under which the plume can spread with limited mixing. Inshore salinity was about 5–10 units lower in winter versus the open‐water period. The seasonal duration of reduced salinity at eelgrass habitats will depend on landfast ice duration as well as river discharge magnitude.
On the Migrating Speed of Free Alternate Bars
Authors: Ishihara Michihide , Yasuda Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFree alternate bars exhibit wave properties. However, there has been a significant lack of research regarding these wave properties, including the migration speed. In this study, we quantified the migration speed M for bars and identified the dominant variable exerting control over M. Experiments were performed in a laboratory flume under controlled steady state conditions to ensure the development of alternate bars; in addition, the bed level and flow depth were continuously measured. We derive a hyperbolic partial differential equation (HPDE) for the bed level by assuming that the bed level is a continuous function and the advection velocity of the function equals M. Then, to verify the HPDE, we show that it adequately describes the temporal variation in the bed level that is measured experimentally. The advection velocity of the HPDE can be used to calculate M from the energy slope and the Shields number, enabling the calculation of the spatial and temporal variations of M in the experiments. The formula for M showed that the magnitude of M is three to four orders of magnitude smaller than the velocity of the uniform flow. Then, we show that M obtained from the proposed formula is in agreement with those obtained from an instability analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed formula is applicable to actual rivers, in which the scale and conditions differ from those in the experiments.
The Poverty Impacts of Labor Heat Stress in West Africa Under a Warming Climate
Authors: Saeed W. , Haqiqi I. , Kong Q. , Huber M. , Buzan J. R. , Chonabayashi S. , Motohashi K. , Hertel T. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper assesses the poverty implications of heat stress‐related labor capacity losses based on simulations using a global general equilibrium economic model. Compared with past studies, we use a more precise measurement of heat stress, assign labor capacity losses to specific labor types by sector, and employ an economic model that contains highly disaggregated economic sectors and regions. This model allows us to determine global and regional economic impacts that account for international dependencies. We focus attention on seven West African countries for which we determine the implied changes in real incomes of households near the poverty line. For these countries, we use household microsimulations to determine potential impacts on the poverty headcount. In our results, poverty impacts are heterogeneous across countries and earning sources‐based household strata. A key channel behind this heterogeneity is how loss of labor productivity affects the relative returns to factors of production. We find that unskilled agricultural wages could increase, as loss of productivity in the face of inelastic food demand induces increased labor demand in order to dampen agricultural output losses. In our experiments, even neglecting potential increases in mortality and morbidity, poverty increases range from 2.3% in Cameroon to up to 7.2%–9.2% in Ghana and Nigeria. In one of the seven countries considered, Guinea, poverty sees little change due to the mitigating effects of rising labor wages.
Statistic Properties of Electron Energy Enhancement During the Inner Electron Diffusion Region Crossing
Authors: Xiong Q. Y. , Huang S. Y. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Xu S. B. , Wei Y. Y. , Zhang J. , Wang Z. , Yu L. , Lin R. T. , Li Y. Y. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnetic reconnection can efficiently heat and accelerate the electrons through various approaches and mechanisms. The electron diffusion region (EDR), especially the inner EDR, is one of the energization areas for the electrons during the reconnection. How the electrons' energy changes when passing the inner EDR is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the electron energy change from the individual perspective using the full kinetic particle‐in‐cell simulation. It is revealed that the electron energy gain rate is related to both traveling time and path in the inner EDR. The energy from the magnetic field tends to be allocated to the electron perpendicular part and the random thermal part. Our results promote the understanding of the function of the inner EDR during magnetic reconnection.
Measuring Estuarine Total Exchange Flow From Discrete Observations
Authors: Lemagie E. P. , Giddings S. N. , MacCready P. , Seaton C. , Wu X. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe exchange between estuaries and the coastal ocean is a key dynamical driver impacting nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations and regulating estuarine residence time, hypoxia, and acidification. Estuarine exchange flows can be particularly challenging to monitor because many systems have strong vertical and lateral velocity shear and sharp gradients in water properties that vary over space and time, requiring high‐resolution measurements in order to accurately constrain the flux. The total exchange flow (TEF) method provides detailed information about the salinity structure of the exchange, but requires observations (or model resolution) that resolve the time and spatial co‐variability of salinity and currents. The goal of this analysis is to provide recommendations for measuring TEF with the most efficient spatial sampling resolution. Results from three realistic hydrodynamic models were investigated. These model domains included three estuary types: a bay (San Diego Bay), a salt‐wedge (Columbia River), and a fjord (Salish Sea). Model fields were sampled using three different mooring strategies, varying the number of mooring locations (lateral resolution) and sample depths (vertical resolution) with each method. The exchange volume transport was more sensitive than salinity to the sampling resolution. Most (>90%) of the exchange flow magnitude was captured by three to four moorings evenly distributed across the estuarine channel with a minimum threshold of 1–5 sample depths, which varied depending on the vertical stratification. These results can improve our ability to observe and monitor the exchange and transport of water masses efficiently with limited resources.
Measuring the magnetic topological spin structure of light using an anapole probe
Authors: Meng Fanfei , Yang Aiping , Du Kang , Jia Fengyang , Lei Xinrui , Mei Ting , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopological spin structures of light, including the Skyrmion, Meron, and bi-Meron, are intriguing optical phenomena that arise from spin–orbit coupling. They have promising potential applications in nano-metrology, data storage, super-resolved imaging and chiral detection. Aside from the electric part of optical spin, of equal importance is the magnetic part, particularly the H-type electromagnetic modes for which the spin topological properties of the field are dominated by the magnetic field. However, their observation and measurement remains absent and faces difficult challenges. Here, we design a unique type of anapole probe to measure specifically the photonic spin structures dominated by magnetic fields. The probe is composed of an Ag-core and Si-shell nanosphere, which manifests as a pure magnetic dipole with no electric response. The effectiveness of the method was validated by characterizing the magnetic field distributions of various focused vector beams. It was subsequently employed to measure the magnetic topological spin structures, including individual Skyrmions and Meron/Skyrmion lattices for the first time. The proposed method may be a powerful tool to characterize the magnetic properties of optical spin and valuable in advancing spin photonics.
Modeling human telencephalic development and autism-associated SHANK3 deficiency using organoids generated from single neural rosettes
Authors: Wang Yueqi , Chiola Simone , Yang Guang , Russell Chad , Armstrong Celeste J. , Wu Yuanyuan , Spampanato Jay , Tarboton Paisley , Ullah H. M. Arif , Edgar Nicolas U. , Chang Amelia N. , Harmin David A. , Bocchi Vittoria Dickinson , Vezzoli Elena , Besusso Dario , Cui Jun , Cattaneo Elena , Kubanek Jan , Shcheglovitov Aleksandr 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHuman telencephalon is an evolutionarily advanced brain structure associated with many uniquely human behaviors and disorders. However, cell lineages and molecular pathways implicated in human telencephalic development remain largely unknown. We produce human telencephalic organoids from stem cell-derived single neural rosettes and investigate telencephalic development under normal and pathological conditions. We show that single neural rosette-derived organoids contain pallial and subpallial neural progenitors, excitatory and inhibitory neurons, as well as macroglial and periendothelial cells, and exhibit predictable organization and cytoarchitecture. We comprehensively characterize the properties of neurons in SNR-derived organoids and identify transcriptional programs associated with the specification of excitatory and inhibitory neural lineages from a common pool of NPs early in telencephalic development. We also demonstrate that neurons in organoids with a hemizygous deletion of an autism- and intellectual disability-associated geneSHANK3exhibit intrinsic and excitatory synaptic deficits and impaired expression of several clustered protocadherins. Collectively, this study validates SNR-derived organoids as a reliable model for studying human telencephalic cortico-striatal development and identifies intrinsic, synaptic, and clustered protocadherin expression deficits in human telencephalic tissue withSHANK3hemizygosity.
Continuously tunable ferroelectric domain width down to the single-atomic limit in bismuth tellurite
Authors: Han Mengjiao , Wang Cong , Niu Kangdi , Yang Qishuo , Wang Chuanshou , Zhang Xi , Dai Junfeng , Wang Yujia , Ma Xiuliang , Wang Junling , Kang Lixing , Ji Wei , Lin Junhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEmerging functionalities in two-dimensional materials, such as ferromagnetism, superconductivity and ferroelectricity, open new avenues for promising nanoelectronic applications. Here, we report the discovery of intrinsic in-plane room-temperature ferroelectricity in two-dimensional Bi2TeO5 grown by chemical vapor deposition, where spontaneous polarization originates from Bi column displacements. We found an intercalated buffer layer consist of mixed Bi/Te column as 180° domain wall which enables facile polarized domain engineering, including continuously tunable domain width by pinning different concentration of buffer layers, and even ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition when the polarization unit is pinned down to single atomic column. More interestingly, the intercalated Bi/Te buffer layer can interconvert to polarized Bi columns which end up with series terraced domain walls and unusual fan-shaped ferroelectric domain. The buffer layer induced size and shape tunable ferroelectric domain in two-dimensional Bi2TeO5 offer insights into the manipulation of functionalities in van der Waals materials for future nanoelectronics.