bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of students' enthusiasm by introduction of barrage into online teaching during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Xingyou , Du Xiaojing , Shen Jie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic results in the turning from offline teaching to online teaching. Students enjoy short videos and like barrage during the pandemic. We found that the introduction of barrage into online teaching is of great help to improve the students' attention and enthusiasm. In order to verify the correctness of this conjecture, we launched a questionnaire survey. According to the preliminary conclusions, we found that student's think that such adaption is not only interesting, but also can promote the interaction, and therefore improve the learning effect. It should conform to the trend of teaching development in the new era.
Perceptions about traditional Chinese medicine use among Chinese breast cancer survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: Hung Yik‐Laam , Leung Siu‐Sing , Chiu Siu‐Ting Pamela , Li Pik‐Yi , Kan Anson Chi‐On , Lo Chi‐Chung , Wong Sze‐Yuen Zeta , Luk Sze‐Lam , Lai Cheuk‐Lam Charlotte , El Helali Aya , Chan Wendy Wing‐Lok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionAn increasing number of breast cancer survivors (BCS) use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) throughout their cancer journey. There is emerging evidence that TCM is effective in the reducing side effects of chemotherapy. However, qualitative patient‐centric and culturally relevant research into TCM use is scant. This qualitative study aimed to explore the use and perceptions of Chinese Hong Kong BCS using TCM.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a university hospital and three breast cancer patient groups in Hong Kong. Questionnaires regarding the use of TCM were given to all participants, followed by individual semi‐structured interviews on selected BCS to comprehensively understand TCM's use and perceptions. A greater emphasis was placed on the qualitative data.ResultsAbout half of the participants (n = 67, 48.9%) used TCM during their cancer treatment journey, among which almost all (n = 64, 95.5%) had improved symptoms. Sleeping disturbances (n = 58, 86.6%) and fatigue (n = 53, 79.1%) were the two most common symptoms that improved after TCM. Interview data revealed that participants used TCM to satisfy unmet needs that mainstream conventional Western medicine could not fulfil. They wished for a sense of control and better well‐being. They expressed improvements in physical and psychological well‐being after the use of TCM. Despite existing barriers, including high cost, long duration of treatment, and disapproval from oncologists, most would still recommend TCM to fellow survivors.ConclusionsChinese Hong Kong BCS who used TCM reported positive experiences. Understanding how BCS perceive and use TCM is important to integrating TCM into survivorship care in this population.
Multiple physical field coupling simulation of high current lithium electrolyzer in industry
Authors: Wu Lili , Li Wenying , Lu Guimin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe electric field, thermal field, and velocity field in a 60 kA diaphragmless lithium electrolyzer are studied by multiple physical field coupling simulations. The current density distribution, the balance of heat generation, heat dissipation, and the flow field distribution of the lithium electrolyzer are discussed. The velocity distribution is solved by the Euler–Euler two‐phase flow model, and the turbulent flow of electrolyte is solved by the k–ε method. The results show that in an electric‐heat field, there is a constant ratio of current loss, and the current density distribution is not uniform. The electrolyte temperature is evenly distributed, wherein thermal radiation plays a dominant role. In addition, it is found that the velocity distribution of the end‐side interpolar space and the inside interpolar space is different. The influence of electrode distance in the range of 30~60 mm on the flow field is investigated, and the dominance of the electrode distance effect and the eddy current effect is analyzed. The optimal range of electrode distance is 40~50 mm.
Photoresponsive α‐Diimine Nickel Modulated Ethylene (Co)Polymerization†
Authors: Yang Jingshuang , Hu Xiaoqiang , Jian Zhongbao 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryBeyond the single ligand electronic and/or steric modifications, external stimuli are a useful tool for modulating catalytic polymerization reactions. Light stands out from external stimuli, but the corresponding photoresponsive transition metal catalysts are significantly rare for olefin polymerization due to the difficult synthesis. In this contribution, in consideration of the key role of steric shielding on the axial sites, we installed four concerted azobenzene moieties into symmetrically terphenyl‐based α‐diimine Ni(II) complexes to prepare photoresponsive catalysts, which were applied to ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar monomer. Via the trans‐cis isomerization of azobenzene‐functionalized Ni(II) catalysts in dark or under UV light, catalytic activity, polymer molecular weight, branching density, incorporation of co‐monomer, and even the ratio of branching pattern were significantly modulated in ethylene (co)polymerizations. This photo‐controlled strategy behaved an opposite influence between ethylene polymerization and copolymerization, in terms of catalytic activity and polymer molecular weight. As a result, slightly branched ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes and high molecular weight functionalized polyethylenes were produced at ambient conditions.
Organic Solar Cells at Stratospheric Condition for High Altitude Platform Station Application†
Authors: Datt Ram , Lee Harrison Ka Hin , Zhang Guichuan , Yip Hin‐Lap , Tsoi Wing Chung 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryHigh specific power or power to mass ratio is a critical concern of photovoltaic (PV) for aerospace applications. Organic solar cells (OSCs) have advantages such as high absorption coefficient, compatibility with flexible substrate, light‐weight, etc. Moreover, recently OSCs achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 20% with the incorporation of the non‐fullerene based small molecule acceptor and high specific power is believed to be obtained. To enter the market, high‐altitude platform station (HAPS) is perhaps the first place to start with. In this work, we explore and compare the in‐situ performance of two high performing OSCs, using the same donor but different acceptors, in mimic HAPS environment where the pressure, temperature and the illumination conditions are controlled. We found that the use of acceptor can result in substantial difference in the performance at low temperatures.
Predictors and morphological properties of culprit healed plaques in patients with angina pectoris
Authors: Yao Hongying , Guo Qianyun , Cheng Yujing , Zhu Tianyu , Ma Qian , Zhou Yujie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlaque healing may serve a vital function in the natural progression of atherosclerotic disease. This study sought to investigate predictors and morphological characteristics of healed plaque (HP) among angina pectoris (AP) patients.MethodsPatients who presented with AP and received preintervention optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging were consecutively selected for this single‐center retrospective observational study. Patient's demographic and clinical information was collected from the hospital's electronic medical records. Coronary angiograms and OCT images were compared via offline software.ResultsA total of 390 patients were chosen as the final study population. HP was identified in 186 patients (47.7%) and was relatively less in cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) than in stable angina pectoris (SAP) (89/233 [38.2%] vs. 97/157[61.8%]). The HP group had greater prevalence rates of previous myocardial infarction and SAP and higher levels of triglycerides and uremia (median, 1.67 vs. 1.31 mmol/L [p = .01] and 364.22 ± 91.80 vs. 341.53 ± 77.64 µmol/L [p = .01], respectively). Using multivariate analysis, SAP and long lesion length were shown to be stand‐alone indicators of HP. HP presented with more severe stenosis as well as a longer lesion length and had more vulnerable and more complex features. In HP lesions, UAP patients had more plaque ruptures and thrombosis, whereas SAP patients had lower uric acid levels and more multiple HPs(≥3 HPs).ConclusionClinical presentation of SAP and long lesion length were strong predictors for HP in patients with AP. Patients with HP presented with more severe stenosis, longer lesion lengths, greater inflammation, and vulnerability.
Prognosis of PCI in AMI setting in the elderly population: Outcomes from the multicenter prospective e‐ULTIMASTER registry
Authors: Saada Majdi , Kobo Ofer , Polad Jawed , Halabi Majdi , IJsselmuiden Alexander J. J. , Puentes Ángel , Monségu Jacques , Austin David , Baisebenov Ruslan K. , Spanó Fabrizio , Roguin Ariel ,   e‐ULTIMASTER Investigators
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are usually excluded from major trials.HyopthesisThis study sought to assess 1‐year clinical outcomes following PCI with a drug‐eluting stent in patients older than 80 years old with STEMI.MethodsThe large all‐comer, multicontinental e‐ULTIMASTER registry included 7507 patients with STEMI who underwent PCI using the Ultimaster stent. The primary clinical endpoint was 1‐year target lesion failure, a composite of cardiac death (CD), target vessel‐related myocardial infarction (TV‐MI), or clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD‐TLR).ResultsThere were 457 (6.1%) patients in the elderly group (≥80 years old) that were compared to 7050 (93.9%) patients <80 years. The elderly patients included more female patients and had significantly more comorbidities and had more complex coronary anatomy. The primary endpoint occurred in 7.2% of the elderly, compared to 3.1% of the younger group (p < .001). All‐cause mortality was significantly higher among the elderly group compared to the younger group (10.1% vs. 2.3%, p < .0001), as well as CD (6.1% vs. 1.6%, p < .0001), but not TV‐MI (1.1% vs. 0.7%, p = .34) or CD‐TLR (1.1% vs. 1.4%, p = .63).ConclusionElderly patients with STEMI presentation had a higher incidence of the composite endpoint than younger patients. All‐cause and CD were higher for elderly patients compared to patients younger than 80 years old. However, there was no difference in the incidence of TV‐MI or target lesion revascularizations. These findings suggest that PCI for STEMI in elderly patients is relatively safe.
Synthesis of 4′‐C‐(Aminoethyl)thymidine and 4′‐C‐[(N‐Methyl)aminoethyl] Thymidine Nucleosides to Enhance DNA Stability
Authors: Chandela Akash , Ueda Hiroki , Ueno Yoshihito 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAntisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics target the pathogenic mRNA directly and modulate protein expression. Novel chemical modifications help to improve the action of ASOs with better thermal stability and resistance against nucleases. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing 4′‐C‐(aminoethyl)thymidine modifications exhibit efficient and stable hybridization with complementary DNA as well as RNA strands showing remarkably improved resistance against nucleolytic hydrolysis, which makes them promising candidates for antisense therapeutics. This article describes the synthesis of a novel nucleoside analog, 4′‐C‐[(N‐methyl)aminoethyl]‐thymidine (4′‐MAE‐T), 3, and previously reported 4′‐C‐aminoethyl‐thymidine (4′‐AE‐T), 2, through a newly designed synthetic route to obtain a high overall yield. This has been established by changing the starting material from thymidine to diacetone‐D‐glucofuranose and synthesizing the known 4‐C‐hydroxyethyl pentofuranose. Conversion of the hydroxy group to an azide functional group through Mitsunobu azidation and performing acetolysis, provide the common intermediate 4‐C‐(2‐azidoethyl)‐ribofuranose. Subsequent coupling of the thymine nucleobase with the common intermediate under Vorbrüggen glycosylation conditions provides the corresponding modified nucleoside in high yield. It was subjected for conversion of the azide to an amine by Staudinger reaction and 2ʹ‐deoxygenation using Barton‐McCombie conditions. Debenzylation with Lewis acid and mono‐dimethoxytritylation of the 5ʹ‐OH afforded a fully protected 3ʹ‐OH intermediate for phosphitylation to give the corresponding phosphoramidites. In the case of 4′‐MAE‐T, benzyloxymethyl protection of the N3‐position and methylation were carried out prior to debenzylation. These phosphoramidite monomers were suitable with conventional oligonucleotide synthesis, and imparted ameliorated nuclease resistance, and competent RNase H activity, suggesting its potential utilization in ASO drugs. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 4‐C‐(2‐azidoethyl)‐ribofuranose (6)Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of 4′‐C‐aminoethyl thymidine phosphoramidite (15)Basic Protocol 3: Synthesis of 4′‐C‐(N‐methyl)aminoethyl thymidine phosphoramidite (20)
Novel dynamic wireless power transfer system using in‐tire and in‐wheel repeater coil for battery electric vehicles
Authors: Sumiya Hayato , Takahashi Eisuke , Yamaguchi Nobuhisa , Tani Keisuke , Shimizu Osamu , Nagai Sakahisa , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Gunji Daisuke , Kuwayama Isao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the mileage per charge of battery electric vehicles (BEV), dynamic wireless power transfer systems are being developed. There are some problems such as is the wide gap between coils when mounted under the floor of a vehicle, and the effect of foreign objects between coils on power transmission. In‐wheel coils, in which the coils are placed inside the wheel, have been proposed as a solution to these problems. However, they a plastic wheel such as CFRP and cannot reduce the gap between coils. In this paper, we propose a coil configuration in which the coils are placed inside the tire and the wheel. This configuration has the advantage of using a conventional aluminum to reduce the gap between coils. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated via simulations and experiments.
Are Green Household Consumer Products Less Toxic than Conventional Products? An Assessment Involving Grass Shrimp (Palaemon pugio) and Daphnia magna
Authors: Gray Austin D. , Miller Jonté A. , Weinstein John E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although it is generally assumed that green household consumer products (HCPs) contain individual compounds that are less toxic and/or more degradable than conventional HCPs, little research on this topic has been conducted. In our assessments, larval grass shrimp (Palaemon pugio) were used in a biodegradation study and juvenile freshwater cladocerans, Daphnia magna, were used in a photodegradation study. In each study, organisms were exposed to nondegraded and degraded treatments consisting of one green HCP and two conventional HCPs in six different categories (laundry detergent, dish detergent, mouthwash, insecticide, dishwasher gel, and all-purpose cleaner). Sensitivity to these products were assessed using 48-h static acute toxicity tests, and the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) then compared using an LC50 ratio test. For grass shrimp, only one green HCP (insecticide) was less toxic than both conventional HCPs. In one category (laundry detergent), the green HCP was the more toxic than either conventional HCP. Following a biodegradation treatment, none of the green product formulations became less toxic, whereas 44.4% of the conventional HCPs demonstrated decreased toxicity. For daphnids, green HCPs in three categories (dish detergent, insecticide, and all-purpose cleaner) were less toxic than both conventional products tested. Following a photodegradation treatment, two green product formulations (dish detergent and dishwasher gel) became less toxic (33.3%), whereas 87.5% of the conventional HCPs demonstrated decreased toxicity. The present study demonstrates that green HCPs are not necessarily less toxic and/or more degradable than their conventional counterparts. These results also suggest that the toxicity and degradability of end-product formulations need to be considered in the overall framework for green product evaluation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2444–2453. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
High frequency of acute decompensation and cancer in patients with compensated cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bassegoda Octavi , Rivera‐Esteban Jesús , Serra Isabel , Morillas Rosa , Broquetas Teresa , Vergara Mercedes , Rodriguez Adrià , Aracil Carles , Virolés Silvia , Carrión Jose A. , Pardo Albert , Rodríguez‐Tajes Sergio , Serra‐Burriel Miquel , Pericàs Juan M. , Augustin Salvador , Ginès Pere , Graupera Isabel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The natural history of compensated cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been completely characterized. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of acute decompensation of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and extrahepatic cancers. This was a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study including 449 patients with compensated cirrhosis due to NAFLD. We calculated cumulative incidences and used competitive risk analysis to determine the risk factors associated with decompensation and cancer development. Over a median of 39 months of follow‐up, 124 patients (28%) presented acute decompensation. The most frequent decompensation was ascites (21%) followed by hepatic encephalopathy (15%), variceal bleeding (9%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (3%). Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure was diagnosed in 6% of patients during follow‐up. Liver function parameters and specifically an albumin level below 40 g/L were independently associated with an increased risk of decompensation. The presence of ischemic heart disease was independently associated with acute decompensation. Seventy‐eight patients (18%) developed hepatocellular carcinoma or extrahepatic cancers during follow‐up (51 and 27, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with compensated cirrhosis due to NAFLD are at high risk of severe liver complications, such as the development of acute decompensation, in a relative short follow‐up time. This population is at high risk of hepatic and extrahepatic cancers.
Heat transport in a sandwiched set‐up of MHD Newtonian–Casson–Newtonian fluids through a porous medium
Authors: Raje Ankush , Bhise Ashlesha A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe time‐dependent sandwiched flow of immiscible fluids plays a vital role in petroleum extraction, bio‐fluid mechanics, blood rheology, and so forth. Owing to their applications, the present study focuses on exploring the unsteady flow of Casson fluid through porous media sandwiched between Newtonian fluids in the channel. The channel is placed in the horizontal position, wherein the Casson fluid layer is in the central region, and Newtonian fluids are in the upper and lower regions. The governing system of equations is numerically solved using the finite difference method to obtain flow and heat transfer profiles. The influence of vital parameters on flow and heat transfer is discussed. Furthermore, the parameters of engineering interest, that is, fluid flow rate, skin friction, and Nusselt number are also analyzed in this study.
Evaluation of cardiomyopathy with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A and 2B
Authors: Akyüz Abdurrahman , Çap Murat , Varsak Süleyman , Işık Ferhat , Turken Askeri , Taştan Ercan , Baysal Erkan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeCardiac involvement in limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)2A and LGMD2B, the most common subgroups of LGMD, is controversial. Our study aims to determine whether myocardial dysfunction develops in LGMD2A and LGMD2B patients.MethodsThe study included 16 LGMD2A, 12 LGMD2B patients, and 48 healthy individuals. Comparisons included demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of LGMD2A and LGMD2B subgroups and traditional echocardiography and two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) parameters with the normal population.ResultsThe median age was 33 (22–39 interquartile range [IQR]) in the LGMD2A group, 33 (27–38 IQR) in the LGMD2B group, and 28 (25–35 IQR) in the control group. The left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of both LGMD2A and LGMD2B groups was similar to the control group (p = 0.296 and p = 0.918). Apical 4‐chamber longitudinal strain (LS), Apical 2‐chamber LS, Apical 3‐chamber LS, left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS)‐mid‐myocardial, LVGLS‐endocardium, and LVGLS‐epicardium were lower (less negative) in the LGMD2B group compared to the control group (p = 0.006, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionLV 2D‐STE parameters of LGMD2A patients were similar to the control group, while they decreased significantly (less negative) in LGMD2B patients, indicating that LV subclinical myocardial dysfunction may develop in LGMD2B patients.
Understanding PrEP decision making among pregnant women in Lilongwe, Malawi: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Hill Lauren M. , Golin Carol E. , Saidi Friday , Phanga Twambilile , Tseka Jennifer , Young Alinda , Pearce Lisa D. , Maman Suzanne , Chi Benjamin H. , Mutale Wilbroad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising tool for HIV prevention during pregnancy. With increasing rollout in antenatal settings, counselling strategies to help pregnant women make appropriate decisions about PrEP use are needed. Understanding women's motivations and concerns for PrEP use—and how these inform their decision making and feelings about the decision to start PrEP—are critical to inform these strategies.MethodsWe conducted a convergent mixed‐methods study from June 2020 to June 2021 in the context of a PrEP adherence support trial among HIV‐negative pregnant women in Lilongwe, Malawi. Two hundred women completed a survey reporting their motivations and concerns about PrEP use, and their feelings about the decision to start PrEP (Decisional Regret Scale). Thirty women completed in‐depth interviews to better understand the decision‐making process, including motivations and concerns weighed in women's decision to use PrEP. Analyses comprised descriptive and bivariate statistics, thematic qualitative analysis, and integration of quantitative and qualitative results.ResultsWomen initiating PrEP during pregnancy were highly motivated to obtain HIV protection for themselves and their unborn child, often due to perceived HIV risk connoted by a recent sexually transmitted infection and/or concerns about partner non‐monogamy. These motivations prevailed despite some concerns about safety and side effects, anticipated stigmatization, and concerns about adherence burden and pill attributes. Many women had informed their partner of their decision to use PrEP yet few felt their decision was contingent upon partner approval. Most women felt positively about the decision to start PrEP (mean decisional regret = 1.2 out of 5), but those with a greater number of concerns reported greater decisional regret (B = 0.036; p = 0.005). Furthermore, women who were specifically concerned about partner disclosure, who disliked pills or who had no perceived HIV risk reported greater decisional regret.ConclusionsPregnant women were strongly motivated by the promise of HIV protection offered by PrEP and accepted it despite diverse concerns. A shared decision‐making approach that centres pregnant women and offers partner involvement may help identify and address initial concerns about PrEP use and support prevention‐effective use of PrEP during this important period.