bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTRODUCTION: FIVE STEPS TOWARD A RELIGION–AI DIALOGUE
Authors: Vestrucci Andrea 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis introduction to the thematic section of Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science on “Artificial Intelligence and Religion: Recent Advances and Future Directions” outlines the five articles by dividing them into two groups: the three that analyze the impact of recent advances in subsymbolic artificial intelligence (AI) on religion and theology, and the two that explore theological concepts in symbolic AI environments. These five articles are five steps toward a strong, deep, and interdisciplinary dialogue between the research in religion and the research in AI.
Nonlinear Energy Sink Inspired Design for Friction-Induced Vibration Suppression of Braking Systems
Authors: Zhu Lisha , Yuan Cong , Yao Guo , Li Huanjun , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a nonlinear energy sink (NES) is designed and applied for the suppression of the friction-induced vibration (FIV) of a braking system. The equation of motion of the braking system, as well as the NES, is established by using the Lagrange equation. The nonlinear restoring force of the NES is realized by vertically paralleling two linear springs. The friction force between the wheel and the braking block is calculated by the Coulomb–Stribeck friction model. The variation of the wheel speed with the friction force is derived by the kinetic energy theorem. From the simulation, two-stage FIV systems are observed. The wheel speed decreases monotonically in the first stage and oscillates around 0 m/s in the second stage. The effects of the contact pressure and stiffness coefficient of the block on the FIV system are analyzed. By series connecting the NES to the braking block, the amplitude of FIV braking system can be reduced significantly in the first stage. Furthermore, the effects of the mass ratio between the block and the NES, and the damping coefficient of the NES on the FIV braking system are also discussed. This research can be helpful for the vibration suppression design of the braking system in vehicles.
Impact of Thermal Source-Sink Arrangements on Buoyant Convection in a Nanofluid-Filled Annular Enclosure
Authors: Reddy N. Keerthi , Sankar M. , Jang Bongsoo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis investigation is devoted to analyze the buoyancy-driven flow behavior and associated thermal dissipation rate in a nanofluid-filled annular region with five different single source-sink and three different dual source-sink arrangements along the vertical surfaces. The remaining region on the vertical boundaries and horizontal surfaces are kept adiabatic. Numerical simulations have been performed by employing the finite difference method. To analyze the impacts of different nanofluids, nanoparticle volume fraction, Rayleigh number, size, and arrangement of sources and sinks, the results are graphically represented through streamline and isotherm contours, thermal profiles, average Nusselt number, and cup-mixing temperature. The results showed that identifying an optimum location and length of source-sink with a proper selection of other control parameters can lead to enhanced thermal transport and thermal mixing in the enclosure. In particular, middle-middle thermally active location and placing source-sink separately on the vertical walls lead to the production of maximum heat transport compared to other single and dual source-sink arrangements, respectively. Also, among the two nanofluids considered in the current investigation, larger enhancement in thermal transport has been achieved for Cu-water nanofluid. The calculated enhancement ratio of the heat dissipation rate enhances with an increment in nanoparticle concentration.
Removal of Cavitation Using HDPE/LDPE Inline Section-Pipe
Authors: Fersi Mohamed , Triki Ali 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study dealt with the capacity of the inline technique to upgrade steel-pipe-based hydraulic systems with respect to magnitude attenuation and pressure-wave oscillation period expansion. This technique consisted in replacing a short-section of the induced transient pressure region with another of plastic material type, including high- or low-density polyethylene (HDPE or LDPE). The method of characteristics was implemented to discretize the extended one-dimensional water-Hammer Equations, embedding the Ramos et al. formulation. The comparison of the numerical solution with the observed data, quoted in the literature, and alternative numerical solution demonstrated the accuracy of the developed solver. The test case addressed a transient flow involving the cavitation onset. Results showed that the HDPE plastic-short-section-based layout of the inline technique provided the best tradeoff between magnitude attenuation and pressure-wave oscillation period expansion, in comparison with the LDPE plastic-short-section-based layout and the HDPE or LDPE material-based main-pipe systems.
Autologous Stem Cells in Achilles Tendinopathy (ASCAT): protocol for a phase IIA, single-centre, proof-of-concept study
Authors: Goldberg Andrew J , Zaidi Razi , Brooking Deirdre , Kim Louise , Korda Michelle , Masci Lorenzo , Green Ruth , O’Donnell Paul , Smith Roger 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionAchilles tendinopathy (AT) is a cause of pain and disability affecting both athletes and sedentary individuals. More than 150 000 people in the UK every year suffer from AT.While there is much preclinical work on the use of stem cells in tendon pathology, there is a scarcity of clinical data looking at the use of mesenchymal stem cells to treat tendon disease and there does not appear to be any studies of the use of autologous cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for AT. Our hypothesis is that autologous culture expanded MSCs implanted into an area of mid-portion AT will lead to improved pain-free mechanical function. The current paper presents the protocol for a phase IIa clinical study.Methods and analysisThe presented protocol is for a non-commercial, single-arm, open-label, phase IIa proof-of-concept study. The study will recruit 10 participants and will follow them up for 6 months. Included will be patients aged 18–70 years with chronic mid-portion AT who have failed at least 6 months of non-operative management. Participants will have a bone marrow aspirate collected from the posterior iliac crest under either local or general anaesthetic. MSCs will be isolated and expanded from the bone marrow. Four to 6 weeks after the harvest, participants will undergo implantation of the culture expanded MSCs under local anaesthetic and ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome will be safety as defined by the incidence rate of serious adverse reaction. The secondary outcomes will be efficacy as measured by patient-reported outcome measures and radiological outcome using ultrasound techniques.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the National Research Ethics Service Committee (London, Harrow; reference 13/LO/1670). Trial findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02064062.
Online information in Spanish on probiotics, yoghurt, kefir, kombucha, fibre and prebiotics: an analysis of the quality of information and the certainty of the evidence supporting health claims
Authors: Prados-Bo Andreu , Rabassa Montserrat , Bosch Mireia , Casino Gonzalo 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the certainty of the evidence supporting health claims about probiotics, yoghurt, kefir, kombucha, fibre and prebiotics, and to assess the quality of online information in Spanish.DesignContent analysis.MethodsWe compiled a data set of 114 web pages by searching six popular search phrases in Spanish relating to probiotics, yoghurt, kefir, kombucha, fibre and prebiotics on Google.es and coded them for typology and health claims. We examined the certainty of the evidence for health claims from systematic reviews. Information quality was assessed according to 10 criteria, where a web page: mentions scientific publications and reports their conclusions; quantifies relative and absolute effects; acknowledges some limitations; discusses certainty of evidence; reports the potential harms, alternatives and costs; and does not argue based on personal experiences.ResultsGastrointestinal health (86.0%), general health (57.9%), cardiovascular health (53.5%) and immune system health (50.9%) were the most widely mentioned topics. Half of claims (52.6%, 70/133) were supported by evidence from systematic reviews. Probiotics had the highest number of claims supported by evidence and kombucha the lowest. The highest certainty was found for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, necrotising enterocolitis and otitis (moderate) in probiotics and yoghurt, infectious diarrhoea and hepatic encephalopathy (moderate) in prebiotics, and cardiovascular health (high to moderate) and colorectal cancer (moderate) in fibre. On a scale of 0–10, the median information quality score for all web pages was 3. Only 18.4% reported study conclusions, 7.9% quantified the effects, 28.9% acknowledged some limitations in the research and 42.1% reported potential harms.ConclusionsMost online health claims for dietary interventions intended for improving health through the gut microbiome are supported by low or very low certainty of evidence. Online information does not align with the evidence and is incomplete or unbalanced.
New Zealand cricket injury analysis based on 12 years of Accident Compensation Corporation data
Authors: Walter Sibi , King Doug , Hume Patria 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo provide epidemiological data for cricket injuries in New Zealand.MethodsA retrospective analytical review using epidemiological cricket data obtained from the national Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) for 2005–2016. Injury incidence was calculated per 1000 participants.ResultsThere were 86 562 injuries (77 212 males and 9350 females) during the 12 years with higher injury incidence for males (64.1) than females (36.1). While cricket-related injury claims increased by 42.6%, the injury incidence decreased from 59.0 in 2006 to 42.8 in 2016. The pooled injury rate per 1000 participants was highest for hand/fingers (9.2) and lumbar (8.1) body regions, and for contact (44.7) activities. Players aged 10–20 years were more likely to experience injury.ConclusionsAnalysis of 12 years of ACC cricket-related injury claims showed only minimal reductions in injury incidence over the years. Therefore, cricket-related contact injuries to the hand/fingers and head need to be the focus of injury prevention programmes (eg, via promoting use of protective gear and correct technique), particularly in players aged 10–20 years.
Firework injuries remain high in years after legalisation: its impact on children
Authors: Galet Colette , Slagel Isaac , Froehlich Adam , Bobb Morgan , Lilienthal Michele , Fuchsen Elizabeth , Harland Karisa K , Pelaez Carlos A , Skeete Dionne A , Takacs Michael E 
Published: August 2022

PurposeWe evaluated the impact of Senate Bill 489 passed in May 2017, allowing the sale and use of fireworks in Iowa 1 June to 8 July and 10 December to 3 January, on hospital presentations for firework injuries in the state. To identify the public health implications of this law, we conducted a detailed subanalysis of hospital presentations to the two level I trauma centres.MethodsHospital presentations for firework injuries from 1 June 2014 to 31 July 2019 were identified using the Iowa Hospital Admission database and registries and medical records of Iowa’s two level 1 trauma centres. Trauma centres’ data were reviewed to obtain demographics, injury information and hospital course. Prefirework and postfirework legalisation state data were compared using negative binomial regression analysis. Trauma centre data detailing injuries were compared using χ2and Mann-Whitney U tests as appropriate.ResultsEmergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions for firework injuries increased in Iowa post-legalisation (B-estimate=0.598±0.073, p<0.001 and B-estimate=0.612±0.322, p=0.058, respectively). ED visits increased postlegalisation in July (73.6% vs 64.5%; p=0.008), reflecting an increase in paediatric admissions (81.8% vs 62.5%; p=0.006). Trauma centres’ data showed similar trends. The most common injury site across both study periods was the hands (48.5%), followed by the eyes (34.3%) and face (28.3%). Amputations increased from 0 prelegalisation to 16.2% postlegalisation.ConclusionFirework legalisation led to an increase in the number of admissions and more severe injuries.
The critical role of core in understanding hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Gale Julia Fiona Wells , Elliott Sara J. , Rysak Bethany G. , Laubach Stephen E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Improved understanding of hydraulic fractures is needed to optimize petroleum well drilling and completion strategies. Yet direct observations of hydraulic fractures are rarely made, and reliance is placed on indirect methods such as microseismic monitoring, interference tests, fibre optic detection of fracturing in adjacent wells and numerical modelling. While these techniques provide useful insights, verification of such studies is commonly lacking; core taken through stimulated intervals offers a robust option for verification. We make the case that core can provide complementary information at a different scale from other data types.

Core from a slant well adjacent to two stimulated wells at the Hydraulic Fracture Test Site (HFTS1) in West Texas revealed 375 hydraulic fractures, striking 090°±20°, subparallel to present-day
S
Hmax
. There are more hydraulic fractures than expected, and clustering across a range of scales from approximately 1 cm to 50 m. The largest cluster correlates with high microseismic event density. Diversion, bifurcation, and segmentation structures may account for the large number of fractures observed and the orientation spread. Reactivation of sealed natural fractures and bedding planes is relatively uncommon. Proppant sand packs and patches occur in a few locations, particularly where hydraulic fractures are complex.
Using legacy core material to assess subsurface carbon storage reservoir potentiality
Authors: Payton Ryan L. , Chiarella Domenico , Kingdon Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The growing importance of subsurface carbon storage for tackling carbon emissions requires an accurate characterization of potential reservoirs to understand their capabilities. In this context, the use of legacy data originally acquired in the last fifty years for scientific projects and petroleum exploration and production activities would represent a suitable cost-effective solution and help to maximize the value of this extended national asset. Core material represents the only direct observation of subsurface deposits and must be preserved from the current disposal process related to the decommissioning of hydrocarbon fields. In this contribution, a suite of samples from core material stored at national (i.e. British Geological Survey) and local (i.e. Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London) core repositories, previously characterized at the micro scale using X-ray micro-computed tomographic (μCT) imaging are discussed. Using this technique, it has been possible to investigate how pore and grain geometries control crucial features of a suitable reservoir such as porosity and permeability. The aim of this contribution is to describe the methodology behind digital image analysis (DIA) following μCT imaging applied to core material. We show how DIA can be used to provide significant measures of reservoir suitability when making initial assessments of storage reservoirs, without the need for expensive and time-consuming analyses.
Addressing Common Misuses and Pitfalls of P values in Biomedical Research
Authors: Wang Ming , Long Qi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing recognition that P values, albeit useful in reporting data analysis results, have often been misused or misinterpreted in biomedical research. The emergence of big health data such as genomics data and electronic health records, sometimes combined with inadequate experimental design, has exacerbated this problem, which has become a major cause of the ongoing crisis in reproducibility in biomedical research. We aim to shed light and raise awareness of common misuses and pitfalls of P values and discuss potential mitigation strategies that leverage state-of-the-art statistical methods. The best practices always start with a sound study design including a robust data collection strategy to minimize data bias and a carefully thought-out analysis plan that can address potential misuses and pitfalls of P values. We highly encourage biomedical researchers to engage and involve statisticians from the very beginning of their studies.
Developmental Pathways Are Epigenetically Reprogrammed during Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis
Authors: Karlow Jennifer A. , Devarakonda Siddhartha , Xing Xiaoyun , Jang Hyo Sik , Govindan Ramaswamy , Watson Mark , Wang Ting 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest cancers worldwide, with roughly half of all patients initially presenting with both primary and metastatic disease. While the major events in the metastatic cascade have been identified, a mechanistic understanding of how NSCLC routinely and successfully colonizes the brain is largely unknown. Recent studies have begun demonstrating the role of epigenetic misregulation during tumorigenesis and metastasis, including widespread changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications. To better understand the role of altered DNA methylation in NSCLC metastasis to the brain, we measured DNA methylation during disease progression for 12 patients, globally profiling the methylation status of normal lung, primary lung tumor, and brain metastasis samples. The variation in methylation was similar during metastatic spread and primary tumorigenesis but less coordinated across genomic features during metastasis. The greatest recurrent changes during metastatic progression were methylation gains in DNA methylation valleys (DMV) harboring the constitutive heterochromatin mark H3K9me3 as well as bivalent marks H3K27me3 and H3K4me1. In a lymph node–derived cancer cell line, EZH2 binding within DMVs was lost, accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation, exemplifying epigenetic switching. The vast majority of the differentially methylated region–associated DMVs harbored developmental genes, suggesting that altered epigenetic regulation of developmentally important genes may confer a selective advantage during metastatic progression. The characterization of epigenetic changes during NSCLC brain metastasis identified recurrent methylation patterns that may be prognostic biomarkers and contributors to disease progression.

Significance:
Altered DNA methylation in lung cancer brain metastases corresponds with loss of EZH2 occupancy at developmental genes, which could promote stem-like phenotypes permissive of dissemination and survival in different microenvironments.
Inhibition of LSD1 with Bomedemstat Sensitizes Small Cell Lung Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade and T-Cell Killing
Authors: Hiatt Joseph B. , Sandborg Holly , Garrison Sarah M. , Arnold Henry U. , Liao Sheng-You , Norton Justin P. , Friesen Travis J. , Wu Feinan , Sutherland Kate D. , Rienhoff Hugh Y. , Martins Renato , Houghton A. McGarry , Srivastava Shivani , MacPherson David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The addition of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to platinum/etoposide chemotherapy changed the standard of care for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment. However, ICB addition only modestly improved clinical outcomes, likely reflecting the high prevalence of an immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment in SCLC, despite high mutational burden. Nevertheless, some patients clearly benefit from ICB and recent reports have associated clinical responses to ICB in SCLC with (i) decreased neuroendocrine characteristics and (ii) activation of NOTCH signaling. We previously showed that inhibition of the lysine-specific demethylase 1a (LSD1) demethylase activates NOTCH and suppresses neuroendocrine features of SCLC, leading us to investigate whether LSD1 inhibition would enhance the response to PD-1 inhibition in SCLC.

Experimental Design:
We employed a syngeneic immunocompetent model of SCLC, derived from a genetically engineered mouse model harboring Rb1/Trp53 inactivation, to investigate combining the LSD1 inhibitor bomedemstat with anti-PD-1 therapy. In vivo experiments were complemented by cell-based studies in murine and human models.

Results:
Bomedemstat potentiated responses to PD-1 inhibition in a syngeneic model of SCLC, resulting in increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration and strong tumor growth inhibition. Bomedemstat increased MHC class I expression in mouse SCLC tumor cells in vivo and augmented MHC-I induction by IFNγ and increased killing by tumor-specific T cells in cell culture.

Conclusions:
LSD1 inhibition increased MHC-I expression and enhanced responses to PD-1 inhibition in vivo, supporting a new clinical trial to combine bomedemstat with standard-of-care PD-1 axis inhibition in SCLC.
Sex Differences in the Impact of Aortic Valve Calcium Score on Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Patel Parth P. , El Sabbagh Abdallah , Johnson Patrick W. , Suliman Rayan , Salwa Najiyah , Morales-Lara Andrea Carolina , Pollak Peter , Yamani Mohamad , Parikh Pragnesh , Sonavane Sushilkumar K. , Landolfo Carolyn , Alkhouli Mohamad Adnan , Eleid Mackram F. , Guerrero Mayra , Fortuin F. David , Sweeney John , Noseworthy Peter A. , Carter Rickey E. , Adedinsewo Demilade 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now an approved alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. As the clinical adoption of TAVR expands, it remains important to identify predictors of mortality after TAVR. We aimed to evaluate the impact of sex differences in aortic valve calcium score (AVCS) on long-term mortality following TAVR in a large patient sample.

Methods:
We included consecutive patients who successfully underwent TAVR for treatment of severe native aortic valve stenosis from June 2010 to May 2021 across all US Mayo Clinic sites with follow-up through July 2021. AVCS values were obtained from preoperative computed tomography of the chest. Additional clinical data were abstracted from medical records. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-proportional hazard regression models were employed to evaluate the effect of AVCS on long-term mortality.

Results:

A total of 2543 patients were evaluated in the final analysis. Forty-one percent were women, median age was 82 years (Q1: 76, Q3: 86), 18.4% received a permanent pacemaker following TAVR, and 88.5% received a balloon expandable valve. We demonstrate an increase in mortality risk with higher AVCS after multivariable adjustment (
P
<0.001). When stratified by sex, every 500-unit increase in AVCS was associated with a 7% increase in mortality risk among women (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02–1.12]) but not in men.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate a notable sex difference in the association between AVCS and long-term mortality in a large TAVR patient sample. This study highlights the potential value of AVCS in preprocedural risk stratification, specifically among women undergoing TAVR. Additional studies are needed to validate this finding.