bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal-spatial progress of cartilage nanocalcification in osteoarthritis development
Authors: Wang Xiaozhao , Wu Qin , Zhang Ru , Fan Zhang , Li Wenyue , Mao Renwei , Du Zihao , Yao Xudong , Ma Yuanzhu , Yan Yiyang , Sun Wei , Wu Hongwei , Wei Wei , Hu Yejun , Hong Yi , Hu Huan , Koh Yi Wen , Duan Wangping , Ouyang Hongwei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
While osteoarthritis (OA) involves pathological cartilage calcification, its progress is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the temporal-spatial mechanism of mineral transformation pathways in human OA cartilage tissues via multiple imaging tomography at nanoscale resolution. We found that OA progressed by both top-down calcification at the joint surface and bottom-up calcification at the osteochondral transition zone. The top-down calcification process started with the formation of spherical mineral particles in the joint surface during early-stage OA (OA-E), followed by fiber formation and compact material transformation deep into the cartilage during advanced-stage OA (OA-A). The bottom-up calcification in OA-E started when an excessive layer of calcified tissue formed above the original calcified cartilage; there was a 100–200 µm thick layer of noncalcified cartilage tissues between the original and new calcified layers, forming a sandwich structure at the osteochondral transition zone. The abnormal calcified layer was located at the edge of the tidemark that contained acidic components (-COOH) that can chelate Ca2+ and bind with PO43− to form crystals. It is likely that this local mineralization process was assisted by nearby hypertrophic chondrocytes. With OA progression, the original and upper layers of calcified cartilage fused, which thickened the calcified cartilage region and disrupted cartilage. During OA-E, the calcified cartilage was hypermineralized and contained stiffer carbonated hydroxyapatite (Hap); during OA-A, it was hypomineralized and contained softer HAp. Distinct mechanisms, such as nucleation on matrix vesicles in OA-E and carbonate cores in OA-A, may be involved. These findings illustrated that the progress of pathological calcification was location-specific at the joint surface and osteochondral interface in the early and advanced stages of OA. It is very important to understand the mechanism of OA progression and develop better strategies for future OA treatment on targeting cartilage pathological calcification
Targeting senescent cells by dasatinib and quercetin ameliorates postmenopausal osteoporosis and rejuvenates bone regeneration.
Authors: Wang Ying , Che LinBin , Chen Xi , He Zirui , Song Dianwen , Yuan Yuan , Liu Changsheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Clinical therapies developed for estrogen-deficiency-driven postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and related diseases, such as bone degeneration, show multiple adverse effects nowadays. Targeting senescent cells (SnCs) and the consequent senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with a combination of dasatinib and quercetin (DQ) is a recently developed novel therapy for multiple age-related diseases. Herein, we found that estrogen deficiency induced-bone loss was attributed to a pro-inflammatory microenvironment with SASP secretions and accelerated SnC accumulation, especially senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) characterized by exhaustion and dysfunction in middle aged rats. Systematically targeting SnCs with DQ strikingly ameliorated PMO and restored MSC function. Local administration of DQ and BMP2 in combination promoted osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and rejuvenated osteoporotic bone regeneration. Our results repurposed DQ as an attractive therapy for treating PMO and related diseases.
A combined spatial score of granzyme B and CD68 surpasses CD8 as an independent prognostic factor in TNM stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Noti Luca , Galván José A. , Dawson Heather , Lugli Alessandro , Berger Martin D. , Kirsch Richard , Assarzadegan Naziheh , Messenger David , Krebs Philippe , Zlobec Inti 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Previous assessments of peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate in colorectal cancer (CRC) have focused on the role of CD8+ T lymphocytes. We sought to compare the prognostic value of CD8 with downstream indicators of active immune cell function, specifically granzyme B (GZMB) and CD68 in the tumour microenvironment. Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for CD8, GZMB, CD68 and CD163 on next-generation tissue microarrays (ngTMAs) in a primary cohort (n=107) and a TNM stage II validation cohort (n=151). Using digital image analysis, frequency of distinct immune cell types was calculated for tumour proximity (TP) zones with varying radii (10mm-100mm) around tumour cells.Results: Associations notably of advanced TNM stage were observed for low density of CD8 (p=0.002), GZMB (p<0.001), CD68 (p=0.034) and CD163 (p=0.011) in the primary cohort. In the validation cohort only low GZMB (p=0.036) was associated with pT4 stage. Survival analysis showed strongest prognostic effects in the TP25mm zone at the tumour centre for CD8, GZMB and CD68 (all p<0.001) in the primary cohort and for CD8 (p=0.072), GZMB (p=0.035) and CD68 (p=0.004) in the validation cohort with inferior prognostic effects observed at the tumour invasive margin. In a multivariate survival analysis, joint analysis of GZMB and CD68 was similarly prognostic to CD8 in the primary cohort (p=0.007 vs. p=0.002) and superior to CD8 in the validation cohort (p=0.005 vs. p=0.142). Conclusion: Combined high expression of GZMB and CD68 within 25mm to tumour cells is an independent prognostic factor in CRC and of superior prognostic value to the well-established CD8 in TNM stage II cancers. Thus, assessment of antitumoral effect should consider the quality of immune activation in peritumoral inflammatory cells and their actual proximity to tumour cells.
Serum levels of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in children with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Tu Danna , Gan Yi , Feng Yawei , Zhou Xiaoqin , Shu Junhua , Li Heng , Wang Guirong , Anni Maidina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) has replaced rheumatic fever as the main cause of acquired heart disease in Japanese, American, and Chinese children. Polymorphisms in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) may be associated with susceptibility to KD, but the association of ACE2 with vascular endothelial injury in KD and the possibility for prognosis of vascular injury in KD by evaluating changes serum ACE2 has not yet been assessed. Thus, this study aimed to investigate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) levels in patients with KD to further investigate the relationship between ACE2 and vascular injury in KD.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 49 children with KD before intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and 28 healthy children as a control group. Clinical data were collected from the patients and serum ACE2 levels of all participants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Serum ACE2 levels were significantly higher in the KD group than in the control group. Serum ACE2 levels were negatively correlated with platelet count (Plt) levels in patients with KD.Conclusions: Serum ACE2 levels may be related to the severity of coronary artery damage in children with KD.
Broadband and perfect absorption in monolayer MoS2 based multilayered structure arranged in Kolakoski sequence
Authors: Zhao Yining , Zhou Kai , Chen Bojun , Da Haixia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Monolayer MoS2 has excellent optical properties, but its low light absorption rate affects its application in optical absorbers. To improve its absorption performance, we design a perfect MoS2 absorption structure in the visible band based on the omnidirectional reflectivity of the Kolakoski sequence aperiodic multilayer structure with SiO2 and Si as dielectric materials. By optimizing the thickness of SiO2 (db) and Si (dc) and adjusting the number of periods (N) of the basic absorption unit (S), we obtain the best absorption spectra of the structure in the case of vertical incidence of transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves, respectively. When N is set to 3, the structure achieves complete absorption in the 350 nm-450 nm band; when N is increased to 5 and 7, the average absorption of the structure in the 350 nm-600 nm band is over 90%. After that, we use the critical coupling theory to explain this result. In addition, the stability and practicality of this structure are verified by analyzing the full-angle absorption spectra of the absorption structure under different polarization conditions at different period numbers.
Association between spicy foods consumption and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lu Zi Long , Zhang Wei Sen , Jin Ya Li , Zhu Tong , Xu Lin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Evidence regarding the association of spicy foods intake with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was less clear, especially in those with diabetes. We hereby examined the association of spicy foods intake with CVD risk factors in older Chinese.Methods: 30,325 participants (72.34% women) aged 50+ years were recruited in the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study from 2003 to 2008. Information of spicy foods intake and disease history was collected by face-to-face interview and CVD risk factors were measured. Diabetes was defined by a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes. Results: Of 30,325 participants, 12.9% consumed spicy foods regularly. After adjusting for multiple confounders, participants who consumed spicy foods of 5-7 days/week, versus none, had higher body mass index (1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.42 kg/m2), waist circumference (2.78, 95% CI 2.17-3.39 cm), waist-to-hip ratio (0.010, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.014), systolic blood pressure (2.44, 95% CI 0.92 to 3.97 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (1.19, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.73 mmHg), FPG (0.304, 95% CI 0.182 to 0.426 mmol/L), triglycerides (0.184, 95% CI 0.095 to 0.273 mmol/L), and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.041, 95% CI -0.069 to -0.012 mmol/L). Similar results were found for the associations of spicy foods strength with CVD risk factors. The results attenuated slightly but not substantially by diabetes status. Conclusions: Our study showed that higher frequency and strength of spicy foods intake were associated with unfavorable cardiovascular disease risk profile in older people, and such associations did not vary by diabetes status. Whether the results were causal needs to be determined in further studies.
Polymeric Nanoassemblies based Gene/drug Co-delivery for Autophagy Modulation and Tumor Multidrug-resistance
Authors: Sun Yong , Wang Changduo , Li Zhipeng , Xu Ping , Xu Lisa , Han Shangcong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been restricting the efficacy of chemotherapy, which mainly include pump resistance and nonpump resistance. In order to fight overall MDR, a novel targeted gene/drug co-deliver nano system is developed, which can suppress the drug efflux pumps and modulate autophagy to overcoming both pump and nonpump resistance. RNA interference (RNAi) is widely applied in combating MDR through knocking down MDR-related gene. Here, small interfere RNA (siRNA) is incorporated into polymer-drug conjugates (PP) which are composed of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and paclitaxel (PTX) via covalent bonds, and hyaluronic acid (HA) is coated on the surface of PP/siRNA to achieve long blood cycle and CD44-targeted delivery. The polymeric nanoassemblies (PP/siRNA/HA) would be shattered and release PTX under the enrich-enzyme intracellular environment. This study identifies PP/siRNA/HA could efficiently facilitate apoptosis of Taxol-resistant lung cancer cells (A549/T) to reverse MDR through down-regulating P-gp and block autophagic flux. Further study indicates that PEI conjugates play a significant role to block the autophagosome–lysosome fusion process by means of alkalizing lysosomes. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that the nanoassemblies can successfully deliver drug into tumor cells and significantly inhibited A549/T tumor growth. In summary, the polymeric nanoassemblies provide a potential strategy for combating both pump and nonpump resistance via the synergism of RNAi and autophagy modulation.
Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling radish root shape using QTL-seq
Authors: Hu Tianhua , Wei Qingzhen , Wang Jinglei , Wang Wuhong , Hu Haijiao , Yan Yaqin , Bao Chonglai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Root shape is an important characteristic that affects the commodity of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). This trait can be measured using the ratio of root length (RL) to root diameter (RD). Although it is known that root shape is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs), reliable QTLs for regulating radish root shape are still lacking. In the present study, three F2 populations were constructed by crossing five radish cultivars with significant differences in root shape. A total of 1282 F2 individuals were measured to determine the root length and maximum diameter. Highdepth resequencing of six extreme pools and five parents was performed, and the bulk-segregant approach coupled with whole genome re-sequencing (QTL-seq) was used to detect QTLs. The results showed that radish root shape was positively correlated with root length. Seven QTLs distributed on five radish chromosomes (R1, R2, R4, R5, and R7) were identified for root shape, two of which (rs7.1 and rs7.2) had an overlap of 1.02 Mb (13.79-14.81 Mb). In addition, rs4.1 and rs4.2 were adjacent to each other on the R4 chromosome. The present study provides an important foundation for the fine mapping and functional analysis of root shape QTLs as well as cultivar breeding for root shape.
Relationship between Leisure Experience and Aggression: Mediating Effect of Self-esteem
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Xia Ximei , Yu Hairong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Studies have suggested that leisure has divergent effects on adolescent aggression. Our aim was to further study the relationship between leisure experience and aggression according the theory of leisure boredom. We investigated the role of leisure experience from four aspects: perceived freedom, perceived intrinsic motivation, perceived extrinsic motivation, and perceived competence. Furthermore, based on the ABCs of rational–emotive theory, we explored the mediating role of self-esteem between leisure experience and aggression. The participants included 660 Chinese teenagers with an average age of 14. Among them, male students accounted for 310 (49.4%) and female students totaled 318 (50.6%). We used three questionnaires to measure leisure experience, self esteem and aggression. We found that leisure experience was positively correlated with self-esteem and negatively correlated with aggression. Self-esteem was also negatively correlated with aggression. Additionally, self-esteem played a mediating role between leisure experience and aggression. The results suggest that the focus should not only be on the influence of content of youth leisure activities on aggression, but also on experience during leisure, since the latter could have wide-ranging effects by influencing self-esteem levels.
Teaming Up to Traverse Loneliness: a Co-creative Journey Toward a Home Care Work Model for Supporting Social Participation Among Older Adults
Authors: Nordin Therese , Coe Anna-Britt , Nilsson Ingeborg 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a disparity between what is known about the benefits of social participation and home care’s responsibility to provide conditions amenable to older adults’ social participation, and what is accomplished in home care practice. Home care workers are a large, low-power group, working in a complex environment, whose competences should be better harnessed. We carried out a participatory action research (PAR) project with the goal of generating an improved structure for identifying and alleviating loneliness. This article aims to explore the co-creative process of designing a work model that guides home care workers in supporting social participation among older care recipients.Methods: Multimodal data from 16 PAR workshops with 14 homecare workers were described and explored through the ‘recursive PAR process’ and the ‘framework for occupational enablement for change in community practice”. Results: The PAR process is outlined through the objectives, activities, and work model, as well as enablement strategies employed throughout the PAR process; as are its opportunities, challenges and implications. The work model describes how care workers can act as discoverers of care recipients’ unmet social needs, employ intentional communication, and link to relevant professions or community services to alleviate loneliness among older home care recipients.Conclusions: This research process included opportunities of collaborating with enthusiastic and competent home care workers, but also challenges of moving between theory and practice and maintaining active participation between workshops. The resulting work model is in step with the requirements of elderly care and is unique in its field. This research could comprise a first step toward a more systematic approach of assessing and addressing loneliness and moving home care towards its legislated goals of person-centered care that supports older adults’ rights to a meaningful life with others in the community.
Proteomics Reveal the Landscape of Gender Disparity in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Luo Zhigang , He Jian , Lin Shuhai , Shou Feng , Zhang Jingjun , Chu Lei , Zhang Xingcai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in males is about 2 to 3 times higher than that of females. In order to figure out what cause this disparity, we performed isobaric tags for HCC tumor tissues and para-tumor tissues, via relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomics to obtain data of differential expression proteins (DEPs). The results show that the expressions of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1(GSTM1) was not significantly different between male and female in para-tumor tissues, while the expression of GSTM1 in tumor tissues of female is just 5.6% of that of male, together with further investigation, indicating that the pathway of xenobiotics metabolism by cytochrome P450 may play an essential role in the gender disparity epigenetic on HCC. Furthermore, potential association between GSTM1 and human interleukin 6 (IL-6) was found. Our findings suggest that low expression of GSTM1 increases the vulnerability on HCC in male, which may be the very reason why the HCC incidence in males is higher than females, and GSTM1 may affect occurrence and development of hepatocellular cancer via xenobiotic detoxification and regulation on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, paving a way for HCC theranostics.
Development of a Massive Open Online Course to Caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lumini Maria José , Sousa Maria Rui , Salazar Berta , Martins Teresa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 disease caused several challenges to health systems, namely an increase in morbidity and mortality. The elderly are more vulnerable to this disease and more susceptible to develop serious complications. The WHO, recommends healthy directives to the elderly and their caregivers in the pandemic context. The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) emerge as a solution to support the empowerment of family caregivers of vulnerable people, especially in times of social isolation.Objectivesthe study sought to develop and validate a MOOC, integrating personal and housing hygiene measures to be adopted in self-care related activities, surveillance and monitoring by caregivers of the most vulnerable home-dwelling dependent people, in order to provide safe care and prevent coronavirus infection.MethodsA methodological study was developed with two phases. Phase 1 aimed to validate the contents to be integrated into the MOOC and its development. Phase 2, a pilot study was carried out with a convenience sample of 33 caregivers to verify the adequacy of the course to its target audience, involved a group of caregivers. Caregivers filled one questionnaire to assess the gathered knowledge, the Family Caregiving Factors Inventory (FCFI), one sociodemographic questionnaire and the questionnaire to evaluate the acceptance of the MOOC.ResultsParticipants presented an average knowledge score before attending the MOOC of 14.94 (SD = 2.72) and after viewing the course of 16.52. The questionnaire to evaluate the acceptance of the MOOC, following the TAM model, shows that the caregivers were satisfied with the course, considering it useful, with clear and understandable information. Through the FCFI the vast majority of caregivers showed adequate knowledge to respond to the care challenges and good personal and social resources to accompany their family members.ConclusionsThis MOOC constitutes an important tool to raise awareness and provide better training to informal caregivers.
Geospatial Analysis of Malaria Prevalence among Children Under Five Years in Jigawa State, North West, Nigeria
Authors: Yakudima Ismaila Ibrahim , Adamu Yusuf Muhammad , Samat Narimah , Mohammed Murtala Uba , Abdulkarim Ishaq Aliyu , Hassan Nura Ibrahim 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Malaria is one of the leading causes of illness and death in developing countries. Despite growing international concern and efforts to provide effective treatment through the development and improvement of vector control mechanisms, malaria infection continues to remain a leading health problem in Africa, particularly south of the Sahara. At present, however, very few studies have been undertaken that investigate the spatial distribution of malaria cases. This study, therefore, aims to employ geospatial tools to map out areas of high and low malaria prevalence among children under the age of five years. Annual malaria prevalence was computed using confirmed cases from 2014 to 2019 in Jigawa state. Spatial autocorrelation techniques using global Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were applied. Overall malaria prevalence ranged between 2,743 and 12,916 per 100,000 populations. Results of the overall global Moran’s I indicate a statistically significant degree of positive autocorrelation (I = 0.358122, Z = 3.721018, P = 0.000198) and all the years under study showed clustered patterns. Hotspot analysis was further explored to show the location of clusters. The results of the analysis detected high prevalence clusters in central and north-western parts of the state. The study recommends targeting hotspot areas in the design and implementation of malaria control activities.