bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary and functional divergence of the Atg8 autophagy protein superfamily
Authors: Varga Virginia B. , Keresztes Fanni , Sigmond Tímea , Vellai Tibor , Kovács Tibor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process of eukaryotic cells which is required for the effective elimination of damaged and unnecessary cytosolic constituents. Defects in the process can cause the intracellular accumulation of such damages, thereby leading to the senescence and subsequent loss of the affected cell. Defective autophagy hence is implicated in the development of various degenerative processes, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, tissue atrophy and fibrosis, and immune deficiency, as well as in accelerated aging. The autophagic process is mediated by numerous autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, among which the ATG8/LC3/GABARAP (Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3/Gammaaminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein) superfamily has a pivotal role in the formation and maturation of autophagosome, a key (macro) autophagic structure (the autophagosome sequesters parts of the cytoplasm which are destined for breakdown). While in the unicellular yeast there is only a single ATG8 protein, metazoan systems usually contain more ATG8 paralogs. ATG8 paralogs generally display tissue-specific expression patterns and their functions are not strictly restricted to autophagy. For example, GABARAP proteins also play a role in intracellular vesicle transport, and, in addition to autophagosome formation, ATG8 also functions in selective autophagy. In this review, we summarize the functional diversity of ATG8/LC3/GABARAP proteins, using tractable genetic models applied in autophagy research.
Accessible and Inclusive Cyber Security: A Nuanced and Complex Challenge
Authors: Renaud Karen , Coles-Kemp Lizzie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt has been argued that human-centred security design needs to accommodate the considerations of three dimensions: (1) security, (2) usability and (3) accessibility. The latter has not yet received much attention. Now that governments and health services are increasingly requiring their citizens/patients to use online services, the need for accessible security and privacy has become far more pressing. The reality is that, for many, security measures are often exasperatingly inaccessible. Regardless of the outcome of the debate about the social acceptability of compelling people to access public services online, we still need to design accessibility into these systems, or risk excluding and marginalising swathes of the population who cannot use these systems in the same way as abled users. These users are particularly vulnerable to attack and online deception not only because security and privacy controls are inaccessible but also because they often struggle with depleted resources and capabilities together with less social, economic and political resilience. This conceptual paper contemplates the accessible dimension of human-centred security and its impact on the inclusivity of security technologies. We scope the range of vulnerabilities that can result from a lack of accessibility in security solutions and contemplate the nuances and complex challenges inherent in making security accessible. We conclude by suggesting a number of avenues for future work in this space.
Ethical and methodological challenges in building morally informed AI systems
Authors: Hagendorff Thilo , Danks David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecent progress in large language models has led to applications that can (at least) simulate possession of full moral agency due to their capacity to report context-sensitive moral assessments in open-domain conversations. However, automating moral decision-making faces several methodological as well as ethical challenges. They arise in the fields of bias mitigation, missing ground truth for moral “correctness”, effects of bounded ethicality in machines, changes in moral norms over time, risks of using morally informed AI systems as actual advice, as well as societal implications an increasing importance of algorithmic moral decision-making would have. This paper comments on all these challenges and provides critical considerations for future research on full artificial moral agency. Importantly, some of the adduced challenges can be met by more careful technology design, but others necessarily require engagement with core problems of meta-ethics.
Linguistic barriers in communication between oncologists and cancer patients with migration background in Germany: an explorative analysis based on the perspective of the oncologists from the mixed-methods study POM
Authors: Riccetti Nicola , Hempler Isabelle , Hermes-Moll Kerstin , Heidt Vitali , Bayer Oliver , Walawgo Thomas , Merbach Martin , Singer Susanne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed at investigating the predictors of linguistic barriers among office-based haemato-oncologists during consultation with migrant cancer patients in Germany.

Methods
Physicians from haemato-oncological practices were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study.
Linguistic barriers and family factors were ascertained using a newly developed online-questionnaire with the scales “Overall linguistic barriers”, “Self-perceived linguistic barriers” and “Family factors – antagonistic behaviour”.
Predictors of linguistic barriers were identified using multivariate ANOVA via step-wise backwards selection.

Results
Fifty-five physicians participated in the study.
Treating patients from Sub-Saharan Africa predicted higher overall and self-perceived linguistic barriers (F [2,46] = 4.51, p = .04; and F [3,45] = 5.44, p = .02, respectively). Working in an single practice (F [3,45] = 4.19; p = .05) predicted higher self-perceived linguistic barriers. Employees who could act as translators predicted lower barriers in form of antagonistic behaviour from relatives (F [2,48] = 6.12; p = .02).

Conclusions
The results indicate that linguistic barriers are affected by the level of linguistic concordance between patients and medical personnel. A temporary solution might be the presence of linguistically competent personnel in the practice. However, the results of this study highlight the need for greater availability of linguistic competent translators for consultations in haemato-oncological practices.
The association between social development and population health: a cross-sectional study across countries of different economic growth
Authors: Kontodimopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) are important in explaining why some countries enjoy better health than others. This empirical study highlights controversies in the literature on the relationship between socioeconomic development and health, and investigates how the relationship might vary in countries with different economic growth.

Methods
The sample consists of 172 countries, and recent cross-sectional data was collected from the World Bank’s “Data Bank”. Population health was proxied with life expectancy, infant mortality and under-five mortality, and sociooeconomic conditions were expressed with GNI/capita, unemployment rate, poverty, Gini index, educational attainment, public spending on health and physician density. Countries were categorized into three groups as low / lower middle-, upper middle- and high-income according to World Bank thresholds. Ordinary least squares regression was used to model the relationships.

Results
The association between socioeconomic conditions and health differed between countries of different economic development. Poverty, educational attainment, income inequality, and physician density were the strongest contributors to health. Higher economic development had a stronger relationship with health in richer countries, and government commitment to health care in poorer ones.

Conclusion
Based on evidence from studies such as this one, researchers and policymakers globally could commit to acting together on SDH, and to aligning resources from different sectors to formulate interventions aiming to improve population health.
Hom-Lie Algebras and a Coupled Toda Equation with Indefinite Matrices
Authors: Bi Xiao , Li Chuanzhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study one parameter deformation of a coupled Toda equation with indefinite matrices basing on the theory of Hom-Lie algebras. We construct a Miura transformation between the coupled Toda equation with indefinite matrices and the deformed coupled Toda equation with indefinite matrices. The Miura transformation can help us in deriving the solutions of the deformed coupled Toda equation with indefinite matrices.
Clinical, Diagnostic and Prognostic Characteristics of Primary Cutaneous Gamma Delta T-cell Lymphomas
Authors: Muhsen Ibrahim N. , El Fakih Riad , Hamadani Mehdi , Lazarus Hillard M. , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Aljurf Mahmoud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrimary cutaneousγδT-cell lymphoma (PCGDTL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that arises from T-cells withγδT-cell receptors. The exact incidence of PCGDTL is unknown, as it is usually lumped with other cutaneous lymphomas, which are also uncommon. It is one of the peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) subtypes which is known to have a dismal prognosis due to poor response and the paucity of available therapies. Despite the rarity and uncertainties of PCGDTL, a number of studies over the past decade were published about the pathologic, diagnostic, cytogenetic and clinical features of this disease. These diagnostic advances will open the doors to explore new therapeutics for this rare entity, specifically targeted and immune therapies. In this review, we highlight these advances, summarize the contemporary treatment approaches, and shed the light on future potential therapeutic targets.
Nutrient intake in low-carbohydrate diets in comparison to the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Storz Maximilian Andreas , Ronco Alvaro Luis 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe percentage of US adults following low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) doubled in the last decade. Some researchers observed this trend with concern and highlighted the potential for nutritional deficiencies and impaired overall diet quality with LCD. The present study investigated nutrient intake in a nationally representative sample of 307 US adults following an LCD. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we compared nutrient intake profiles in said individuals with the daily nutritional goals specified in the current 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Results were then compared with the general population consuming a standard American diet. Almost 57 % of low-carbohydrate dieters were female, and the mean age was 48·67 (1·35) years. Individuals consuming LCD exceeded the recommendations for saturated fat, total lipid and sodium intake (both sexes). An insufficient intake was observed for fibre, Mg, potassium and several other vitamins (vitamins A, E, D in both sexes as well as vitamin C in men and folate in women). Neither men nor women met the recommendations for fibre intake. A comparable picture was found for the general population. The potentially insufficient intake of several essential nutrients in LCD warrants consideration and a careful assessment with regard to the current DGA.
Personalization of Power and Mass Uprisings in Dictatorships
Authors: Chin John , Song Wonjun , Wright Joseph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost major nonviolent civil resistance campaigns target autocratic regimes. Yet, most dictators are toppled by their close supporters, not civilian protesters. Building on theories of strategic interactions between leaders, security agents, and protesters, we make three core claims: first, protesters are relatively less likely to mount a major nonviolent uprising against dictatorships with personalized security forces; secondly, personalized security forces are more likely to repress realized protest; and, thirdly, security force personalization shapes the prospects for success of mass uprisings in promoting democratic transitions. We leverage new data on security force personalization—a proxy for loyal security agents—and major nonviolent protest campaigns to test these expectations. Our theory explains why many dictatorships rarely face mass protest mobilization and why uprisings that are met with violent force often fail in bringing about new democracies.
Ecology, occurrence and distribution of wild felids in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Mohd-Azlan Jayasilan , Kaicheen Sally Soo , Hong Lisa Lok Choy , Yi Melynda Cheok Ka , Maiwald Marius Joscha , Helmy Olga E. , Giordano Anthony J. , Brodie Jedediah F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSarawak is the largest state in the megadiverse country of Malaysia. Its rich biodiversity is threatened by land-use change and hunting, with mammalian carnivores particularly affected. Data on the ecology, occurrence and distribution of small carnivores are crucial to inform their effective conservation, but no large-scale assessments have previously been conducted in Sarawak. Here we examine the status of the five species of felids in Sarawak based on data from camera-trap studies over 17 years (May 2003–February 2021) across 31 study areas, including protected areas of various sizes, production forests and forest matrix within oil palm plantations. Felids were detected at 39% of 845 camera stations. The marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata and Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi had higher probabilities of occurrence in protected than unprotected areas, and vice versa for the leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis and bay cat Catopuma badia. The marbled and bay cats were mostly diurnal, and the leopard cat was predominantly nocturnal; activity patterns did not substantively differ between protected and unprotected sites. The probabilities of occurrence of marbled and bay cats increased with greater distance from roads. The leopard cat and flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps were more likely, and the clouded leopard less likely, to occur near rivers. Flat-headed cats preferred peat swamp forest, bay cats lowland forest, and marbled cats and clouded leopards occurred in both lowland and montane forest. Felids may tolerate higher elevations to avoid anthropogenic disturbance; therefore, it is critical to preserve lowland and mid-elevation habitats that provide refugia from climate change and the destruction of lowland habitat.
Extracellular vesicles from seminal plasma improved development of in vitro-fertilized mouse embryos
Authors: Ma Yefei , Wang Jingyi , Qiao Fang , Wang Yongsheng 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIn vitro fertilization (IVF) has wide application in human infertility and animal breeding. It is also used for research on reproduction, fertility and development. However, IVF embryos are still inferior to their in vivo counterparts. Some substances in seminal plasma appear to have important roles in embryo development, and during the traditional IVF procedure, the seminal plasma is washed away. In this study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were concentrated from seminal plasma by ultracentrifugation, visualized using transmission electron microscopy, and particle size distributions and concentrations were determined with a NanoSight particle analyzer. We found particles of various sizes in the seminal plasma, the majority having diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm and concentrations of 6.07 × 1010 ± 2.91 × 109 particles/ml. Addition of seminal plasma EVs (SP-EVs) to the IVF medium with mouse oocytes and sperm significantly increased the rate of blastocyst formation and the inner cell mass (ICM)/trophectoderm (TE) cell ratio, and reduced the apoptosis of blastocysts. Our findings provide new insights into the role of seminal plasma EVs in mediating embryo development and it suggests that SP-EVs may be used to improve the developmental competence of IVF embryos, which has important significance for assisted reproduction in animals and humans.
Aneurysms of the fetal arterial duct are usually benign
Authors: Dalldorf Katherine , Stern Kenan W. D. , Ezon David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Fetal arterial duct aneurysm, saccular, or fusiform enlargement of the arterial duct affect > 8% of pregnancies. It is uncommonly associated with serious sequelae postnatally, including thromboembolic events such as stroke and left pulmonary artery obstruction, rupture with demise, and vocal cord compression. Risk factors include maternal diabetes, late maternal age, maternal blood type A, large size for gestational age, and connective tissue disorders. The clinical importance remains unknown, making it difficult to determine how to monitor this finding postnatally.Methods:This is a retrospective echocardiogram study assessing the outcomes of fetally diagnosed arterial duct aneurysm. Images and records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and assess risk factors and outcomes. Descriptive statistics were performed.Results:Fifty-three affected fetuses were identified. The median gestational age at diagnosis was 34.9 weeks (IQR 32.6, 36.6). The median maternal age was 31 years (IQR 27.3–34.1). Eight (15%) had maternal diabetes. The most common blood type was type O. The median maximal dimension of the aneurysm was 7.6 mm (IQR 6.1, 8.7). The aortic end was the maximal dimension in 67.9%. Median postnatal follow-up period was 76 days (IQR 7.5, 368). No patients sustained postnatal demise related to the duct, rupture of the ductal aneurysm, cerebral infarction, or other sequelae. No newborn had associated connective tissue disorders. No patients underwent ductal intervention.Conclusion:In our experience, no adverse outcomes related to the ductal aneurysm were identified. This should be considered when counselling families about the need for postnatal follow-up.
Whiplash, Buddy Rich, and Visual Virtuosity in Drum Kit Performance
Authors: GODSALL JONATHAN 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe 2014 film Whiplash depicts successful jazz drumming as an athletic exhibition of speed and endurance, in a manner that reflects its protagonist's idolization of Buddy Rich (1917–87). The crowd-pleasing virtuosity of Rich and Whiplash has drawn critics’ ire, but this article interrogates the ideas of musical authenticity that underpin their complaints, and offers a more productive analysis of the film's drum kit performances and their inspiration, informed by a range of jazz, film, and performance scholarship. Specific attention is drawn to the performances’ visual attractions. Whiplash's fast editing style and shots of exertion – grimacing, sweat, blood – give non-expert viewers a sense of drumming's physical and mental demands, and much the same is true of Rich's exaggerated movements and expressions, whether seen live or (as is commonly the case) amplified by a screen's mediation.
Singing on Solid Ground: Music Education in Post-Earthquake Haiti
Authors: STEWART LAUREN ELDRIDGE 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe sonic aftershocks of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti continue to reverberate throughout the cultural landscape, particularly within the relatively small but long-standing mizik klasik community. In this article, I analyse the sometimes divergent performances of a composition that commemorates that tragedy. Haitian-American composer Sydney Guillaume wrote ‘N'ap Debat’ (‘We're Hangin’ On’) from Los Angeles shortly after the earthquake. One performance of this work takes place far from the site of ruin, voiced by distant observers. The other performance happens in Haiti, sung by its survivors. Both performances transform rubble into ruin.
Listening to Radioactive Rubble: Vocal Decay, Gender, and Nuclear Ruination in the Marshall Islands
Authors: SCHWARTZ JESSICA A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article explores how Marshallese radiation songs, written during and after the nuclear testing period as nuclear survivors tried to make sense of their sufferings, yield insight into processes of imperial ruination, rupture, and fragmentation by resounding the powerful impress of radioactive decay in Marshallese lives. In assessing the parameters through which radiation becomes sensible, how, and to whom, it becomes all the clearer how the US nuclear project can be considered in terms of ‘imperial ruination’. US geopolitical accrual has depended on the structural dispossession of Marshallese from their Indigenous agency rooted in and routed through their matrilineal culture. Focusing on women's performances from the Rongelapese community, the presence of radiation – lyrically and affectively – can be traced through vocalized moments of decay that intimate how rubble is embodied and shared in the aftermath of nuclear destruction.
Transdiagnostic internet-delivered therapy among post-secondary students: exploring student use and preferences for booster lessons post-treatment
Authors: Patterson T. , Peynenburg V. , Hadjistavropoulos H.D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) is effective for treating anxiety and depression among post-secondary students, although outcomes are modest. Booster lessons have been proposed for maintaining and improving outcomes but have not been investigated following ICBT for students. This study used a mixed-methods approach to examine student (N = 146) use of a self-guided booster lesson offered 1 month after a 5-week ICBT course, whereby the booster lesson provided a review of ICBT skills and suggestions for maintaining motivation and problem solving. A survey about the booster was administered shortly after the booster to understand student preferences for the booster lessons, reasons for completing/not completing the booster, and satisfaction with the booster. Approximately one-third of students (n = 47) utilized the booster lesson. Completing a greater number of lessons during the main ICBT course was associated with uptake of the booster. The booster survey was completed by 20 of the 47 (∼43%) students who completed the booster lesson and 42 of the 99 who did not (∼42%). Students varied in perceptions of the ideal timing of the booster (1–2 weeks to 3–6 months) and approximately 60% expressed preference for completing the booster independently. Among non-completers of the booster, academic-related time constraints were the primary barrier to booster completion. Among those who completed the booster, the booster lesson was perceived as worthwhile, satisfaction was high, and the length was perceived as appropriate. Future research should examine if flexible delivery of booster lessons in terms of timelines and therapist support would increase booster uptake.

Key learning aims
As a result of reading this paper, readers should:

(1)
Understand the uptake of a self-guided booster lesson in internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) among post-secondary students.

(2)
Understand students’ preferences for the content, timing, and therapist support for booster lessons.

(3)
Understand the need for alternative delivery methods of booster lessons to reach students who might benefit the most from a booster.