bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental burial diagenesis of aragonitic biocarbonates: from organic matter loss to abiogenic calcite formation
Authors: Forjanes Pablo , Simonet Roda María , Greiner Martina , Griesshaber Erika , Lagos Nelson A. , Veintemillas-Verdaguer Sabino , Astilleros José Manuel , Fernández-Díaz Lurdes , Schmahl Wolfgang W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Carbonate biological hard tissues are valuable archives of environmental information. However, this information can be blurred or even completely
lost as hard tissues undergo diagenetic alteration. This is more likely to occur in aragonitic skeletons because bioaragonite often transforms into
calcite during diagenesis. For reliably using aragonitic skeletons as geochemical proxies, it is necessary to understand in depth the diagenetic
alteration processes that they undergo. Several works have recently investigated the hydrothermal alteration of aragonitic hard tissues during short-term experiments at high temperatures (T > 160 ∘C). In this study, we conduct long-term (4 and 6 months) hydrothermal
alteration experiments at 80 ∘C using burial-like fluids. We document and evaluate the changes undergone by the outer and inner
layers of the shell of the bivalve Arctica islandica, the prismatic and nacreous layers of the hard tissue of the gastropod
Haliotis ovina, and the skeleton of the coral Porites sp. combining a variety of analytical tools (X-ray diffraction,
thermogravimetry analysis, laser confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and atomic force
microscopy). We demonstrate that this approach is the most adequate to trace subtle, diagenetic-alteration-related changes in aragonitic
biocarbonate structural hard materials. Furthermore, we unveil that the diagenetic alteration of aragonitic biological hard tissues is a complex multi-step process where major changes occur even at the low temperature used in this study, well before any aragonite into calcite transformation
takes place. Alteration starts with biopolymer decomposition and concomitant generation of secondary porosity. These processes are followed by
abiogenic aragonite precipitation that partially or totally obliterates the secondary porosity. Only subsequently does the transformation of the
aragonite into calcite occur. The kinetics of the alteration process is highly dependent on primary microstructural features of the aragonitic
biomineral. While the skeleton of Porites sp. remains virtually unaltered for the entire duration of the conducted experiments,
Haliotis ovina nacre undergoes extensive abiogenic aragonite precipitation. The outer and inner shell layers of Arctica islandica
are significantly affected by aragonite transformation into calcite. This transformation is extensive for the prismatic shell layer of
Haliotis ovina. Our results suggest that the majority of aragonitic fossil archives are overprinted, even those free of clear diagenetic
alteration signs. This finding may have major implications for the use of these archives as geochemical proxies.
Introduction
Authors: Downey Dennis B. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Pennsylvania and the mid-Atlantic region have played a crucial role in the history and lived experience of individuals with a disability. From the colonial era to the present, disability as an individual and social phenomenon has strongly influenced a sense of self-identity, as well as public policy, medical science, public health, and popular attitudes toward the proverbial “other.” Disability Studies is an interdisciplinary field of academic inquiry that is wide-ranging, complex, and often contested. The very word “disability” has sparked a fierce debate about language, culture, and vernacular usage, but it should not distract historians from the crucial importance of research in the rich resources and archival collections now found in repositories throughout the Commonwealth and neighboring states. The challenge invites a more inclusive and complete narrative of Pennsylvania’s contribution to United States and global history.
“It Can Be Done Much Faster!”: The Transition from the Samuel G. Dixon State Hospital to the South Mountain Restoration Center
Authors: Yelinek Kathryn 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The South Mountain Restoration Center currently is a Pennsylvania state-owned long-term care center, but it traces its beginnings to a small camp for consumptives in the early 1900s. From this camp, high atop a mountain in rural southcentral Pennsylvania, the Center transformed itself in the 1930s into a state-of-the art tuberculosis sanatorium. In the 1960s it reinvented itself as a geriatric center that stood at the forefront of the Commonwealth’s services for the aging. An examination of the pivotal years 1965–68, when the sanatorium gave way to the restoration center, will show how the state government’s rush to empty overcrowded state schools and hospitals led to the successful creation of the Center, even though its rural location meant it did not meet all of the state’s criteria. This article demonstrates the challenges the state experienced in transitioning the facility from one type to another.
Preserving Pennsylvania’s History of Disability Rights Advocacy: The Pennhurst Memorial and Preservation Alliance
Authors: Conroy James William , Downey Dennis B. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Sometimes a dark period of history must be preserved and publicized in order to avoid repeating the mistakes that led to a human tragedy, and this is the case with the notorious Pennhurst State School and Hospital. America endured a sad century and a half of segregating, isolating, overcrowding, and finally neglecting and abusing millions of its citizens with developmental disabilities. This must not be allowed to be hidden or forgotten, and Pennhurst is serving as an iconic symbol that is clear and simple for everyone to learn about and remember. During the past decade, one organization arose that is devoted to memory of the shameful treatment of citizens with disabilities: the Pennhurst Memorial and Preservation Alliance. The organization has utilized many methods of educate the public, and public officials, about the errors of past segregation and institutionalization.
قدرة التعليم الإلكتروني في الجامعات السعـــــــــودية على الاستجابة لحالة الطوارئ في ظل جائحـــــــــــة كورونا COVID-19: دراسة حالة
Authors: هندي أسامة , العنزي احمد 
Published: August 2022

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على حالة الجامعات في المملكة العربية السعودية ومدى قدرة التعليم الإلكتروني في الجامعات السعودية على استمرار المنظومة التعليمية في ظل جائحة كورونا ، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من عدد (264) عضو من أعضاء هيئة التدريس بالجامعات المختلفة والذين شاركوا في الإجابة على الاستبيان المقدم لهم ، والذين قاموا بالفعل باستخدام نظام التعليم الإلكتروني في كلياتهم، كما استندت الدراسة الى التقارير الرسمية الصادرة عن جامعات المملكة بخصوص استمرار العملية التعليمية والتي كانت تصدر بشكل أسبوعي عن منجزات المحاور المختلفة، وأعد الباحثان استبانة في أربعة محاور ( نظام إدارة التعلم والمحتوى الإلكتروني، استخدام الفصول الافتراضية، نظام الاختبارات الإلكترونية، نظام الدعم الفني وتعزيز ممارسات التعليم الإلكتروني) وتم تحليل بيانات الاستبانة ،وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة الى أن التعلم الإلكتروني حقق نتائج جيدة جدا ومتميزة أدت الى استمرار العملية التعليمية بشكل ربما فاق توقعات المسؤولين وأعضاء هيئة التدريس، وتوصى الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات التي تؤكد على أهمية استمرار دعم التعلم الإلكتروني وزيادة التدريب والتعميم لانتشار ثقافته حتى بعد مرور الأزمة.
Katagorisasi Ayat Makki Dan Madani: Pengertian, Ciri, Hikmah Dan Cara Mengetahui Makkiyah Dan Madaniyah
Authors: Halik Abd , Haris Abd , Supandi Supandi 
Published: August 2022

The Qur'an revealed to this world is a guide and a mercy to humans in this world, because the Qur'an is solely to help mankind as a guide for their life. People who read the Qur'anul Karim are expected not only to know how to read it but are also expected to be able to understand the contents of the content, therefore, the methodology of understanding the Qur'an needs to be known and studied in order to have more faith in the Qur'an. 'an is getting stronger. In terms of verse division, the scholars classify the verses in the Qur'an, there are differences in determining the verses and letters that were revealed in the city of Mecca and the verses that were revealed in the city of Medina so that they the scholars define Makkiyah and Madaniyah. Makkiyah is what was revealed in Mecca, even though it was revealed after the hijrah, Madaniyah is what was revealed in the city of Medina so that from this definition the word contains three elements, namely 1) Time, 2) Location and 3) The target of the verses and letters that were revealed. Place criteria as the basis for classification without considering its effect on the text in terms of content and form. In addition to the criteria above, there are other criteria that are used to distinguish between makki and civil.
Keywords: Makki, Madani
APLIKASI TRICHODERMA DAN MIKORIZA: MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT DI PRE NURSERY
Authors: Sofian Kenny , Ryan Firman Syah  , Hastuti Pauliz Budi 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi jamur Trichoderma dan Mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di pre nursery. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun Sungai Bungur Estate (SBGE), PT Prisma Cipta Mandiri yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Kikim Timur, Kabupaten Lahat, provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Rancangan percobaan faktorial yang disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Faktor pertama yaitu dosis jamur Trichoderma terdiri dari 4 aras yaitu dosis 0 g/bibit, dosis 5 g/bibit, dosis 10 g/bibit dan dosis 15 g/bibit, sedangkan faktor yang kedua yaitu dosis jamur Mikoriza yang terdiri dari 4 aras yaitu dosis 0 g/bibit, dosis 5 g/bibit, dosis 10 g/bibit dan dosis 15 g/bibit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi nyata antara pengaplikasian Trichoderma dan Mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit di pre nursery. Pengaplikasian Trichoderma dosis 10 g/bibit memberikan hasil yang baik pada selisih tinggi bibit umur 30 hst dan 120 hst dengan rerata 3,87 cm, rerata pertambahan tinggi bibit per minggu yaitu 0,35 cm , diameter batang kelapa sawit umur 120 hst dengan rerata 8,40 mm, selisih diameter batang 30 hst dan 120 hst yaitu 4,60 mm, rerata pertambahan diameter batang per minggu dengan rerata 0,42 mm, selisih LAI terbaik (30 hst dan 120 hst) yaitu 32,83 cm2, dan rerata pertambahan LAI terbaik bibit per minggu dengan rerata 2,98 cm2. Pengaplikasian Mikoriza dosis 10 g/bibit memberikan hasil terbaik pada semua parameter pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit, kecuali pada parameter pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit umur 30 hst dan rerata pertambahan jumlah daun per minggu.

Kata kunci : Kelapa sawit, biofertlizer, Trichoderma, Mikoriza.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH PADA BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN MACAM PUPUK NPK
Authors: Titiaryanti Ni Made , Hastuti Pauliz Budi 
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi media tanam dan pupuk NPK yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Penelitian menggunakan pola faktorial, disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Faktor pertama perbandingan komposisi media tanah : pupuk kandang : arang sekam yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu (1:1:0), (1:1:1) dan (2:1:1). Faktor kedua adalah macam pupuk NPK terdiri dari empat aras yaitu NPK 16-16-16, NPK 15-15-18, NPK 21-21-21+TE dan KNO3 sebagai pembanding. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 36 satuan percobaan . Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan polybag dan dimulai bulan Januari sampai April 2021. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan sidik ragam pada jenjang nyata 5 %. Apabila ada beda nyata diteruskan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada jenjang nyata 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi terbaik pada media tanah : pupuk kandang : arang sekam (1:1:1) dengan NPK 21-21-21+TE pada tinggi tanaman, kombinasi media tanah : pupuk kandang : arang sekam (2:1:1) dengan pupuk NPK 21-21-21+TE pada berat segar tajuk dan berat segar tanaman. Komposisi media tanaman berpengaruh terhadap jumlah umbi dan berat segar akar, terbaik pada komposisi media tanam tanah : pupuk kandang : arang sekam 1:1:1 dan 2:1:1. Macam pupuk NPK berpengaruh terhadap berat segar umbi, yang terbaik pupuk NPK 21-21-21+TE.
RESPON BIBIT BUD SETT TEBU PADA PERKECAMBAHAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN TERHADAP PERLAKUAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN DAN PERENDAMAN ZPT SEBELUM TANAM
Authors: Rusmarini Umi Kusumastuti , Astuti Yohana Theresia Maria , Santoso Barkah Imam 
Published: August 2022

Sugarcane problems in germination will effect on growth and the yield that is not optimal. The solution obtained from these problems is plant growth regulators soaking and storage time bud sett seedling before planting. This study used a factorial experimental method with the first factor being storage time consisting of 3 levels, namely 0 days (control), 1 day, and 2 days. The second factor was PGR soaking which consisted of control (without PGR soaking), NAA + IBA, and IAA . The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The results of the observations were analyzed by means of variance at the 5% level and the DMRT test to determine the differences between treatments. The combination of storage time and soaking PGR treatments affected the germination of sugarcane seedlings. Control treatment, NAA+IBA , IAA soaking and 1-day storage,germinated faster than the same treatment and stored for 2 days, even seedling soaked in PGR did not germinate. The NAA+IBA, IAA soaking treatment and 1 day storage had better growth than the same treatment, without storage and 2 days storage.The length of storage and soaking of several PGRs before planting gave the same effect on the age of shoots and the number of shoots.

Key words : Sugarcane bud sett, plant growth regulators soaking, storage time, IAA,IBA, NAA
KAJIAN PENGENDALIAN GULMA Ottochloa nodosa DI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Mawandha Hangger Gahara , Mu'in Abdul , Febri Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Salah satu sifat gulma adalah dapat merugikan tanaman kelapa sawit sehingga harus dilakukan yang namanya pengendalian gulma secara berkala, sehingga gulma dapat diartikan sebagai tumbuhan yang mengganggu atau merugikan kepentingan kegiatan manusia dalam perkebunan atau pertanian baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Gulma merupakan tumbuhan yang kehadirannya tidak diinginkan atau tidak dikehendaki kehadirannya pada lahan pertanian karena dapat menurunkan hasil produksi tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan hasil pengendalian yang paling efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan gulma Ottochloa nodosa, untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan tajuk kembali gulma Ottochloa nodosa, dan untuk mengetahui berat kering dari gulma yang sudah tumbuh kembali. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT. Asam Jawa Desa Pangarungan, Kecamatan Torgamba, Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara.Waktu penelitian tanggal 29 Maret 2021 sampai dengan 28 Mei 2021. Rancangan percobaan pada penelitian ini ialah rancangan percobaan RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) atau Rancangan Acak Lengkap Kelompok. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini ada 6 perlakuan, dengan 3 kali ulangan, sehingga ada 18 plot. Dengan lebar plot 5 x 2 m. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan Isopropilamina glifosat 960 g/ha pada minggu ke – 4 setelah aplikasi gulma mengalami tingkat keracunan yaitu gulma coklat terbakar, Pertumbuhan pada tajuk gulma Ottochloa nodosa terlihat kembali paling lama pada minggu ke – 8 setelah aplikasi yaitu pada perlakuan Isopropilamina glifosat 960 g/ha, dan Perlakuan mekanis dengan cara dibabat tidak direkomendasikan untuk mengendalikan gulma Ottochloa nodosa karena gulma dapat tumbuh kembali dengan cepat.
Kata Kunci : Ottochloa nodosa, pengendalian gulma, kelapa Sawit.
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TEBU (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L.) PADA KEDALAMAN JURINGAN DAN DOSIS PUPUK P YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Kusumawati Anna , Rahman Ivanovich , Ekawati Rina 
Published: August 2022

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) can grow well in soil and environmental conditions that are under growing requirements and accompanied by good management also. The land is a natural resource with a permanent nature, while the human need for land continues to increase and the high need for nutrients in sugarcane causes a rapid decline in nutrients in the soil, especially monoculture sugarcane. This study aims to determine the effect of the response of sugarcane growth on the depth of juringan and the dosage of P fertilizer. The experiment was carried out at Wedomartani Experimental Garden, Ngemplak, Sleman, Yogyakarta from January to March (3 months). The experiment used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the depth of the rod with three treatments, namely: the depth of the rod 15 cm (K0), the depth of the rod 30 cm (K1), and the depth of the rod 45 cm (K2). The second factor was the dosage of P fertilizer with three treatments, namely: without P fertilizer (P0), P fertilizer 13 g / seed (P1), and P fertilizer 22 g / seed (P2). Six treatment combinations were repeated three times so that there were 27 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of two plants, so there were a total of 54 plants. The results showed that there was no interaction between the different depths of the net and the dosing of P fertilizer on all observed variables. Application of different P fertilizers had a single effect on plant height, number of tillers, and leaves. Application of P fertilizer (22 g / seed) resulted in higher plant height and number of tillers compared to without P fertilizer.
Keywords: monoculture, phosphorus, sugarcane, production.
PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG SIRIH MERAH (Piper crocatum Ruiz) PADA BERBAGAI WAKTU PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM
Authors: Marliana Eka , Setyaningrum Tuti , Suwardi  
Published: August 2022

Sirih merah merupakan tanaman obat di Indonesia yang dibudidayakan secara stek. Untuk mengurangi tingkat kematian stek, dapat menambahkan zat pengatur tumbuh eksogen dengan metode perendaman dan penggunaan komposisi media tanam yang sesuai. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman ekstrak bawang merah terhadap pertumbuhan stek sirih merah dan komposisi media tanam yang paling baik. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dua factor, yaitu lama perendaman ekstrak bawang merah (30 menit, 60 menit, 90 menit) dan komposisi media tanam ( tanah, tanah + arang sekam + pupuk kandang sapi (1:1:1), tanah + arang sekam + kompos daun bambu (1:1:1), tanah + arang sekam + vermikompos (1:1:1)). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Interaksi antara perlakuan media tanah + arang sekam + pupuk kandang sapi dengan lama perendaman 30 menit dan 60 menit, media tanah + arang sekam + kompos daun bambu dengan lama perendaman 30, 60, dan 90 menit serta media tanah + arang sekam + vermikompos dengan lama perendaman 60 dan 90 menit menghasilkan persentase hidup stek yang tinggi dan tidak berbeda nyata. Lama perendaman ekstrak bawang merah 90 menit lebih baik dari perendaman 30 menit dalam mempengaruhi bobot kering akar. Komposisi media tanam tanah + arang sekam + kompos daun bambu merupakan komposisi media paling baik pada pertumbuhan stek batang sirih merah, yaitu pada parameter tinggi tunas 28 HST, tinggi tunas 56 HST, tinggi tunas 70 HST, bobot segar akar, dan bobot segar tunas.

Kata kunci : Sirih Merah, Stek Batang, Lama Perendaman, Media Tanam
Conflicto y género en la Cataluña vitícola: las mujeres rabassaires (1880-1910)
Authors: Colomé Josep 
Published: August 2022

Este artículo analiza la participación de las mujeres en los conflictos que tenían lugar en el seno de las comunidades rabassaires que a lo largo del siglo xix se consolidaron en las regiones vitícolas catalanas, donde el contrato de rabassa morta había desempeñado un papel determinante en el proceso de especialización vitícola. A través de la documentación judicial se estudian los conflictos familiares, la violencia contra las mujeres y también entre las mujeres en el seno de estas comunidades. Finalmente se abordan las demandas presentadas por actores externos (propietarios o representantes del Estado liberal) contra las mujeres rabassaires.
Naar een inclusievere definitie van het gezin binnen het vrij personenverkeer?
Authors: Klaassen M.A.K. 
Published: August 2022

Naar een inclusievere definitie van het gezin binnen het vrij personenverkeer? De uitspraak in VMA als nieuwe bouwsteen
In HvJ 14 december 2021, C-490/20, ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008 (VMA) buigt het Hof van Justitie zich opnieuw over de uitleg van de definitie van het gezin in Richtlijn 2004/38/EG (de Burgerschapsrichtlijn). De zaak betreft de afgifte van een geboorteakte door de Bulgaarse autoriteiten waarop twee moeders staan vermeld als ouders, zoals dit ook staat op de geboorteakte die in Spanje is afgegeven. Het Hof van Justitie oordeelt niet alleen dat de weigering van de geboorteakte niet mag leiden tot een belemmering van het vrij personenverkeer, maar ook dat een dergelijke belemmering in strijd zou zijn met het recht op gezinsleven en het belang van het kind zoals beschermd door het Handvest van de Grondrechten.HvJ 14 december 2021, C-490/20, ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008 (VMA).
Pengukuran Tingkat Kematangan Layanan IT Dengan CMMI
Authors: Arisandy Desi , Rudi Rudi , Sembiring Salsalina Br 
Published: August 2022

The use of information technology in an organization's business processes does not guarantee that the organization has been able to provide good IT services. This service needs to be measured from the level of maturity. Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a framework that can be used to measure the maturity level or intended maturity level. Accurate measurements certainly depend on a valid and reliable measuring instrument. The ITSM matrix is a measuring tool that has been internationally recognized in the ITSM and ITIL concepts. This research makes XYZ Higher Education the object of research. The basis of taking XYZ Higher Education is because these universities have used information technology in their business processes. However, problems are still found in the provision of IT services that have not met the expectations of IT Division and users. This can be seen from the percentage of reports on disruption that can be completed on time, only around 60% of the total reports submitted, and there is also a handling of reports of improper disturbances ranging from 19 - 29%. This is certainly a big concern that needs to be resolved by measuring the current level of IT services. After the measurement results using the ITSM matrix and guided by CMMI, it was found that the maturity level of the current IT service is still at level 1 (initial) where the??? service process runs ad-hoc and chaotic, and the success of the organization still comes from individual competence. This shows that XYZ universities, especially IT Division, need to improve IT services at a higher level in order to continue to improve IT services to users.