bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landmarks in pancreatic cancer studies
Authors: Xu Fan , Huang Min , Bai Yun , Yin Xueshi , Yan Jingzhe , Liu Fangfang , Chen Jie , Weng Xiechuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a rare but fatal disease. Patients present advanced disease due to the lack of or typical symptoms when the tumor is still localized. A high-quality image processing system has been in practice to detect the pancreatic tumor and determine the possibility of surgery, and preoperative methods, such as ERCP are increasingly used to complement the staging modality. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is one of the complicated surgeries with potential morbidity. The minimally invasive pancreatic resections, both robot-assisted and laparoscopic, have become a part of standard surgical practice worldwide over the last decade. Moreover, advancements in adjuvant chemotherapy have improved the long-term outcomes in current clinical practice. The systemic conservative treatment, including targeted agents, remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced disease. An increasing number of studies are focused on modulating the pancreatic tumor microenvironment to improve the efficacy of the immunotherapeutic strategies. Herein, the role of preoperative therapy, the novel surgical strategy, and individualized systemic treatment in pancreatic cancer is investigated. Also, the randomized controlled studies that have defined the neoadjuvant and surgical management of pancreatic cancer have been summarized.
The “goldfish bowl”: a qualitative study of the effects of heightened surveillance on people who use drugs in a rural and coastal Canadian setting
Authors: Bardwell Geoff , Mansoor Manal , Van Zwietering Ashley , Cleveland Ellery , Snell Dan , Kerr Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
A growing body of research has focused on contextual factors that shape health and well-being of people who use drugs (PWUD). However, most of this research focuses on large cities and less is known about the effects of social and structural contexts on drug use and associated risks in rural Canadian settings. Therefore, we undertook this study to examine rural-specific contextual factors that affect the day-to-day experiences of PWUD.

Methods
Twenty-seven qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with PWUD in a rural and coastal setting in British Columbia, Canada. Participants had to be ≥ 19 years old, used illegal opioids and/or stimulants regularly, and lived in the qathet region. Interview transcripts were coded based on themes identified by the research team.

Results
Participants described progressive shifts in politics and culture in the qathet region while also identifying resource scarcity, homelessness, and changes in the drug supply, where illicit drug contents have become highly toxic and unpredictable. Participants discussed the qualities of a small community where everyone knows each other and there is a lack of privacy and confidentiality around drug use, which resulted in experiences of stigma, discrimination, and surveillance. Participants also reported rural-specific policing issues and experiences of surveillance on ferries when traveling to larger cities to purchase drugs. This led to significantly higher drug prices for PWUD due to the time dedication and criminalized risks associated with drug possession and trafficking.

Conclusions
Our findings illustrate the unique experiences faced by PWUD in a rural and coastal setting. The “goldfish bowl” effect in this rural community created heightened social and structural surveillance of PWUD, which led to a variety of negative consequences. There is a clear need for interventions to address the larger contextual drivers affecting people who use drugs in rural settings, including decriminalization and peer-led anti-stigma strategies, in order to improve the lives of PWUD.
Pericyte infection by HIV-1: a fatal attraction
Authors: Naranjo Oandy , Torices Silvia , Clifford Paul R. , Daftari Manav T. , Osborne Olivia M. , Fattakhov Nikolai , Toborek Michal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile HIV-1 is primarily an infection of CD4 + T cells, there is an emerging interest towards understanding how infection of other cell types can contribute to HIV-associated comorbidities. For HIV-1 to cross from the blood stream into tissues, the virus must come in direct contact with the vascular endothelium, including pericytes that envelope vascular endothelial cells. Pericytes are multifunctional cells that have been recognized for their essential role in angiogenesis, vessel maintenance, and blood flow rate. Most importantly, recent evidence has shown that pericytes can be a target of HIV-1 infection and support an active stage of the viral life cycle, with latency also suggested by in vitro data. Pericyte infection by HIV-1 has been confirmed in the postmortem human brains and in lungs from SIV-infected macaques. Moreover, pericyte dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of pathologies ranging from ischemic stroke to diabetes, which are common comorbidities among people with HIV-1. In this review, we discuss the role of pericytes during HIV-1 infection and their contribution to the progression of HIV-associated comorbidities.
Localization and surgical approach to mediastinal parathyroid glands
Authors: Makey Ian A. , Geldmaker Laura E. , Casler John D. , El-Sayed Ahmed Magdy M. , Jacob Samuel , Thomas Mathew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Hyperactive parathyroid glands (PTGs) are in the mediastinum 4.3% of the time. Historically, localization and resection of these glands can be challenging.

Methods
We searched all operative notes involving a thoracic surgeon and a preoperative diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism from 2001 to 2019.

Results
Eighty-five cases were reviewed, of which 63 were included. Only 14 patients (22%) had de novo hyperparathyroid operations. Seventeen patients (27%) had single-photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography fusion (SPECT-CT) as the only preoperative localization test (excluding chest radiography and ultrasound), and all were resected successfully. The initial surgical approach was transcervical for 16 (27%) patients, however only 7 remained transcervical. 4 (6%) patients had an exploration in which the target lesion was resected but it was not parathyroid tissue.

Conclusion
Most patients presenting with mediastinal PTG have had prior HPT surgery. The trend toward more focused HPT surgery may mean more de novo mediastinal PTG resections. An unambiguous functional and anatomic localization test, such as a spect-ct scan, is the best predictor of a successful resection. Ambiguous or discordant scans should be approached cautiously, and additional confirmatory tests are recommended. For suspected PTG located in the thymus, the thoracic surgeon should choose the most familiar approach to achieve complete thymectomy.
An online behavior change intervention to promote physical activity in adults with asthma: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Oliveira Joice Mara , Karloh Manuela , Matias Thiago Sousa , Barbosa Graziele Besen , Freitas Patricia Duarte , Carvalho Celso R. F. , Furlanetto Karina Couto 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Behavior change interventions have been the focus of recent studies, and the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of online interventions. However, no previous studies have investigated behavior change techniques to improve physical activity in adults with asthma through online intervention.

Methods
This double-blind clinical trial will investigate the effectiveness of an online behavior change intervention in increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with asthma, as well as in improving other clinical outcomes in short and medium terms. Patients with clinically stable moderate to severe asthma, who are physically inactive and do not have cardiovascular and/or osteoneuromuscular impairments will be randomized into control or intervention groups (23 in each). Both groups will carry out an online educational program (1 h). Additionally, the intervention group will receive weekly individual online sessions for 12 weeks of motivation-based behavior change intervention to promote an increase in physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior based on both self-determination theory and transtheoretical model. The intervention group will also receive an activity monitor with specific strategies related to it. Both groups will be reassessed immediately after the intervention and 6 months after that. The primary outcomes are physical activity and sedentary behavior, which will be objectively assessed by a triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph wGT3X-BT). Secondary outcomes are Asthma Control Questionnaire, Incremental Step Test, Sit-To-Stand, Timed Up-and-Go, 4-Metre Gait Speed, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Actiwatch 2, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Discussion
The intervention is unprecedented and was carefully developed to joint most characteristics and techniques of both behavioral strategies (transtheoretical model and self-determination theory). Therefore, this intervention has the potential to improve physical activity levels and asthma management and reduce sedentary behavior. As a consequence, this novel intervention will improve global health in this population and support its use in clinical practice. The intervention will be carried out online with direct weekly contact with the therapist. Consequently, it has low implementation costs, might improve patient’s attendance, and has the potential to be largely offered elsewhere.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.govNCT05241223. Registered on January 22, 2022.
Full-endoscopic versus conventional microsurgical therapy of lumbar disc herniation: a prospective, controlled, single-center, comprehensive cohort trial (FEMT-LDH trial)
Authors: Saravi Babak , Ülkümen Sara , Couillard-Despres Sebastien , Hassel Frank , Lang Gernot 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Lumbar disc herniation is one of the leading causes of chronic low back pain. Surgery remains the therapy of choice when conservative approaches fail. Full-endoscopic approaches represent a promising alternative to the well-established microsurgical technique. However, high-grade evidence comparing these techniques is still scarce.

Methods
Patients presenting with lumbar disc herniation will be included. The intervention group will obtain full-endoscopic disc decompression, whereas the control group will be treated by microsurgical disc decompression. We will apply a comprehensive cohort study design involving a randomized and a prospective non-randomized study arm. Patients who do not consent to be randomized will be assigned to the non-randomized arm. The primary outcome will be the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Secondary outcomes involve the visual analog scale (VAS) of pain and the SF-36 health questionnaire. Furthermore, clinical characteristics including duration of hospital stay, operation time, and complications as well as laboratory markers, such as C-reactive protein, white blood cell counts, and interleukin 6 will be determined and compared.

Discussion
This study will significantly contribute to the current evidence available in the literature by evaluating the outcome of the full-endoscopic technique against the gold standard for lumbar disc herniation in a clinically relevant study setup. Additionally, the study design allows us to include patients not willing to be randomized in a prospective parallel study arm and to evaluate the impact of randomization on outcomes and include. The results could help to improve the future therapy in patients suffering from lumbar disc herniation.

Trial registration
This study was prospectively registered in The German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), a German WHO primary registry, under the registration number: DRKS00025786. Registered on July 7, 2021.
An international, stepped wedge, cluster-randomized trial investigating the 0/1-h algorithm in suspected acute coronary syndrome in Asia: the rational of the DROP-Asian ACS study
Authors: Inoue Kenji , Chieh Jack Tan Wei , Yeh Lim Chiw , Chiang Shuo-Ju , Phrommintikul Arintaya , Suwanasom Pannipa , Kasim Sazzli , Ahmad Bakhtiar , Idrose Alzamani Mohammad , Salleh Farina Mohd , Oyamada Shunsuke , Hirano Yohei , Ouchi Shohei , Terakura Moriyuki , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Kozuma Ken , Nanasato Mamoru , Higuchi Ryosuke , Yumoto Kazuhiko , Fukuzawa Tomoyuki , Shimada Issei , Giannitsis Evangelos , Twerenbold Raphael , Minamino Tohru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
More than half of the world’s population lives in Asia. With current life expectancies in Asian countries, the burden of cardiovascular disease is increasing exponentially. Overcrowding in the emergency departments (ED) has become a public health problem. Since 2015, the European Society of Cardiology recommends the use of a 0/1-h algorithm based on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) for rapid triage of patients with suspected non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). However, these algorithms are currently not recommended by Asian guidelines due to the lack of suitable data.

Methods
The DROP-Asian ACS is a prospective, stepped wedge, cluster-randomized trial enrolling 4260 participants presenting with chest pain to the ED of 12 acute care hospitals in five Asian countries (UMIN; 000042461). Consecutive patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome between July 2021 and Apr 2024 were included. Initially, all clusters will apply “usual care” according to local standard operating procedures including hs-cTnT but not the 0/1-h algorithm. The primary outcome is the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or unplanned revascularization within 30 days. The difference in MACE (with one-sided 95% CI) was estimated to evaluate non-inferiority. The non-inferiority margin was prespecified at 1.5%. Secondary efficacy outcomes include costs for healthcare resources and duration of stay in ED.

Conclusions
This study provides important evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of the 0/1-h algorithm in Asian countries and may help to reduce congestion of the ED as well as medical costs.
Characterization of a novel AA3_1 xylooligosaccharide dehydrogenase from Thermothelomyces myriococcoides CBS 398.93
Authors: Zhao Hongbo , Karppi Johanna , Nguyen Thi Truc Minh , Bellemare Annie , Tsang Adrian , Master Emma , Tenkanen Maija 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZy) auxiliary activity family 3 (AA3) comprises flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent (FAD) oxidoreductases from the glucose–methanol–choline (GMC) family, which play auxiliary roles in lignocellulose conversion. The AA3 subfamily 1 predominantly consists of cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) that typically comprise a dehydrogenase domain, a cytochrome domain, and a carbohydrate-binding module from family 1 (CBM1).

Results
In this work, an AA3_1 gene from T. myriococcoides CBS 398.93 encoding only a GMC dehydrogenase domain was expressed in Aspergillus niger. Like previously characterized CDHs, this enzyme (TmXdhA) predominantly accepts linear saccharides with β-(1 → 4) linkage and targets the hydroxyl on the reducing anomeric carbon. TmXdhA was distinguished, however, by its preferential activity towards xylooligosaccharides over cellooligosaccharides. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that TmXdhA possesses a glutamine at the substrate-binding site rather than a threonine or serine that occupies this position in previously characterized CDHs, and structural models suggest the glutamine in TmXdhA could facilitate binding to pentose sugars.

Conclusions
The biochemical analysis of TmXdhA revealed a catalytic preference for xylooligosaccharide substrates. The modeled structure of TmXdhA provides a reference for the screening of oxidoreductases targeting xylooligosaccharides. We anticipate TmXdhA to be a good candidate for the conversion of xylooligosaccharides to added-value chemicals by its exceptional catalytic ability.
Therapy sculpts the complex interplay between cancer and the immune system during tumour evolution
Authors: Thol Kerstin , Pawlik Piotr , McGranahan Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCancer development is an evolutionary process. A key selection pressure is exerted by therapy, one of the few players in cancer evolution that can be controlled. As such, an understanding of how treatment acts to sculpt the tumour and its microenvironment and how this influences a tumour’s subsequent evolutionary trajectory is critical. In this review, we examine cancer evolution and intra-tumour heterogeneity in the context of therapy. We focus on how radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy shape both tumour development and the environment in which tumours evolve and how resistance can develop or be selected for during treatment.
Nonlinear analysis in p-vector spaces for single-valued 1-set contractive mappings
Authors: Yuan George Xianzhi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to develop some fundamental and important nonlinear analysis for single-valued mappings under the framework ofp-vector spaces, in particular, for locallyp-convex spaces for$0 < p \leq 1$0<p≤1. More precisely, based on the fixed point theorem of single-valued continuous condensing mappings in locallyp-convex spaces as the starting point, we first establish best approximation results for (single-valued) continuous condensing mappings, which are then used to develop new results for three classes of nonlinear mappings consisting of 1) condensing; 2) 1-set contractive; and 3) semiclosed 1-set contractive mappings in locallyp-convex spaces. Next they are used to establish the general principle for nonlinear alternative, Leray–Schauder alternative, fixed points for nonself mappings with different boundary conditions for nonlinear mappings from locallyp-convex spaces, to nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces, or locally convex spaces with the Opial condition. The results given by this paper not only include the corresponding ones in the existing literature as special cases, but are also expected to be useful tools for the development of new theory in nonlinear functional analysis and applications to the study of related nonlinear problems arising from practice under the general framework ofp-vector spaces for$0< p \leq 1$0<p≤1.Finally, the work presented by this paper focuses on the development of nonlinear analysis for single-valued (instead of set-valued) mappings for locallyp-convex spaces. Essentially, it is indeed the continuation of the associated work given recently by Yuan (Fixed Point Theory Algorithms Sci. Eng. 2022:20, 2022); therein, the attention is given to the study of nonlinear analysis for set-valued mappings in locallyp-convex spaces for$0 < p \leq 1$0<p≤1.
Histamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the nervous system of Pygospio elegans (Annelida: Spionidae): structure and recovery during reparative regeneration
Authors: Starunova Zinaida I. , Shunkina Ksenia V. , Novikova Elena L. , Starunov Viktor V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent two decades, studies of the annelid nervous systems were revolutionized by modern cell labeling techniques and state-of-the-art microscopy techniques. However, there are still huge gaps in our knowledge on the organization and functioning of their nervous system. Most of the recent studies have focused on the distribution of serotonin and FMRFamide, while the data about many other basic neurotransmitters such as histamine (HA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are scarce.

Results
Using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy we studied the distribution of histamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the nervous system of a spionid annelid Pygospio elegans and traced their redevelopment during reparative regeneration. Both neurotransmitters show specific patterns in central and peripheral nervous systems. HA-positive cells are concentrated mostly in the brain, while GABA-positive cell somata contribute equally to brain and segmental ganglia. Some immunoreactive elements were found in peripheral nerves. Both substances were revealed in high numbers in bipolar sensory cells in the palps. The first signs of regenerating HAergic and GABAergic systems were detected only by 3 days after the amputation. Further redevelopment of GABAergic system proceeds faster than that of HAergic one.

Conclusions
Comparisons with other annelids and mollusks examined in this respect revealed a number of general similarities in distribution patterns of HAergic and GABAergic cells in different species. Overall, the differences in the full redevelopment of various neurotransmitters correlate with neuronal development during embryogenesis. Our results highlight the importance of investigating the distribution of different neurotransmitters in comparative morphological and developmental studies.
A Learning Health System Approach to Cancer Survivorship Care Among LGBTQ+ Communities
Authors: Dunne Will , Adebayo Nihmotallahi , Danner Sankirtana , Post Sharon , O'Brian Catherine , Tom Laura , Osei Cassandra , Blum Cori , Rivera Juan , Molina Elena , Trosman Julia , Weldon Christine , Ekong Abbey , Adetoro Elizabeth , Rapkin Bruce , Simon Melissa A. 
Published: December 2022

PURPOSE: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals who receive primary care services at community health centers are often referred to external specialty care centers after cancer diagnosis, upon which primary care services are disrupted and may be discontinued because of gaps in communication between primary and oncologic care providers. This qualitative study evaluated barriers and facilitators to effective care coordination for LGBTQ+ patients with cancer and the utility of a novel cancer care coordination tool to mitigate identified barriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semistructured interviews with LGBTQ+ cancer survivors, caregivers to LGBTQ+ persons, clinical team members who provide care to LGBTQ+ patients, and members of community-based organizations that work with LGBTQ+ patients were conducted. Interview analysis was a multistage process, wherein a constant comparison approach was used. Transcripts were reviewed and coded using Atlas.ti Cloud. RESULTS: A total of 26 individuals were interviewed: 10 patients, four caregivers, 10 clinical care team members, and two community organization representatives. Interview analysis yielded insight regarding (1) LGBTQ+ patient experiences engaging with primary and oncologic care at the clinic level and (2) perceptions of patient-provider and provider-provider communication and coordination. CONCLUSION: Interview findings indicate a need for further development of interventions aimed at improving care coordination, patient experience, and outcomes in the cancer care continuum for LGBTQ+ patients. Learning health systems, like the one studied, show great potential for contributing to the development of such interventions.