bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper Carbonate Hydroxide as Precursor of Interfacial CO in CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Jiang Shan , D'Amario Luca , Dau Holger 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCopper electrodes are especially effective in catalysis of C2 and further multi‐carbon products in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and therefore of major technological interest. The reasons for the unparalleled Cu performance in CO2RR are insufficiently understood. Here, the electrode–electrolyte interface was highlighted as a dynamic physical‐chemical system and determinant of catalytic events. Exploiting the intrinsic surface‐enhanced Raman effect of previously characterized Cu foam electrodes, operando Raman experiments were used to interrogate structures and molecular interactions at the electrode–electrolyte interface at subcatalytic and catalytic potentials. Formation of a copper carbonate hydroxide (CuCarHyd) was detected, which resembles the mineral malachite. Its carbonate ions could be directly converted to CO at low overpotential. These and further experiments suggested a basic mode of CO2/carbonate reduction at Cu electrodes interfaces that contrasted previous mechanistic models: the starting point in carbon reduction was not CO2 but carbonate ions bound to the metallic Cu electrode in form of CuCarHyd structures. It was hypothesized that Cu oxides residues could enhance CO2RR indirectly by supporting formation of CuCarHyd motifs. The presence of CuCarHyd patches at catalytic potentials might result from alkalization in conjunction with local electrical potential gradients, enabling the formation of metastable CuCarHyd motifs over a large range of potentials.
CO2‐Promoted Direct Acylation of Amines and Phenols by the Activation of Inert Thioacid Salts
Authors: Wang Huan , Li Yudong , Liu Shaoli , Makha Mohamed , Bai Jian‐Fei , Li Yuehui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein a carbon dioxide‐promoted synthetic approach for the direct amidation between unactivated thioacid salts and amines under mild conditions was developed for a wide range of substrates. The method afforded amides in good to excellent yields under transition‐metal‐free and activation‐reagent‐free conditions, in sharp contrast to early methodologies on amide synthesis based on transition‐metal catalysis. The method offered a greener and transition metal‐free protocol applicable to pharmaceuticals preparations. Phenolic compounds were also found to be suitable acylation substrates with potassium thiosulfide KHS as the only byproduct. Moreover, this approach was applied to amide synthesis of valuable bio‐active molecules such as moclobemide, melatonin, and a fungicide. Insights into the reaction mechanism involving carbon dioxide were provided through NMR spectroscopy and computational calculations. A plausible mechanism was proposed that involves weak interactions between carbon dioxide and potassium thioacetate in a dynamic equilibrium state formation of a six‐membered ring.
Effect of inactive impurity ions on deuteron beam‐fusion in fast ignition approach
Authors: Khanbabaei Babak , Nazirzadeh Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe laser‐generated deuteron beam is a promising scheme for providing the required energy for igniting a pre‐compressed fuel in the fast ignition method in the inertial confinement fusion approach. Deuteron beam provides extra energy through beam‐fusion(BF) reactions during the hot‐spot formation in the pre‐compressed fuel. During the compression and hot‐spot formation stages, Impurities are produced due to the mixing of the fuel with the material of the structural elements of the target. So, the efficiency of BF of the deuteron beam in a spherical deuteron‐triton(DT) fuel in the presence of impurity (such as beryllium, carbon, aluminium, and gold) with arbitrary concentration is investigated. Deuteron beam was considered with Maxwellian energy distribution at a temperature of 3 MeV, which passes through the pre‐compressed contaminated DT fuel with a non‐uniform density profile. It shows that an increase of mixed‐ion charge state and density ratio results in the substantial diminution of the deuteron BF probability, which leads to a reduction in deuteron's extra bonus energy. The effect of fuel temperature on the BF probability in contaminated DT fuel is discussed. Calculations show that increasing the temperature enhanced BF probability.
Elevated ghrelin alters the behavioral effects of perinatal acetaminophen exposure in rats
Authors: Herrington Joshua A. , Guss Darwich Janet , Harshaw Christopher , Brigande Alev M. , Leif Erica B. , Currie Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA growing body of evidence links prenatal and early postnatal acetaminophen (APAP) exposure to atypical development of brain and behavior. In adult rodents, APAP is known to produce oxidative stress and lower anxiety‐related behavior following acute exposure. In models of early‐life exposure, APAP has also been shown to alter anxiety‐related and other behaviors. Since the neuropeptide ghrelin has been recently shown to reduce oxidative stress markers and act as a neuroprotectant, we hypothesized that exposure to ghrelin prior to exposure to APAP would mitigate the behavioral effects of APAP exposure. On postnatal day 7, pups were administered doses of either APAP (51.97 mg/kg), ghrelin (1 mg/kg/ml), ghrelin + APAP, or vehicle only. As adults, anxiety‐related behavior was assessed in the open field and elevated plus maze. Behavior differed based upon treatment condition. In rats unexposed to ghrelin, APAP treatment resulted in increased exploration (i.e., reduced anxiety) in the open field relative to controls. Rats co‐administered APAP and ghrelin did not differ from vehicle‐only controls. No significant effects of APAP or interactions between APAP and ghrelin exposures were observed in the elevated plus maze. These results are the first to demonstrate that ghrelin can mitigate the effects of perinatal APAP exposure in rats.
Caries‐related salivary parameters and oral microbial flora in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hatipoğlu Ömer , Önsüren Aslı Soğukpınar , Hatipoğlu Fatma Pertek , Kurt Ayça 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis by synthesising the outcomes of studies that investigated the relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), streptococcus Mutans (SM), and lactobacillus (LB) counts.Material and MethodsThe PRISMA statement guide was followed for the meta‐analysis. Electronic databases were searched, and study selection and data collection processes were performed. The risks of bias in individual studies and across studies were assessed. Mean differences (MD) and Odds Ratio (OR) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons.Results29 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Significantly higher SFR (MD = −0.22, CI: −0.26, −0.18; p < 0.001) and SpH (MD = −0.59, CI: −0.81, −0.36; p < 0.001) were observed in the healthy individuals than T1D individuals. No significant difference was observed among groups in terms of SBC (MD = 0.10, CI: −0.46,0.66; p = 0.73). An increased odds ratio of SM counts were observed regarding the T1D (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.16, 8.20; p = 0.02). No association was found between LB counts and T1D (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 0.38, 11.98; p = 0.38).ConclusionsSubjects with T1D have a significantly lesser SFR and SpH than healthy individuals. But no significant difference is available in terms of SBC. Lower SM counts were observed in individuals with T1D, while no association was observed regarding LB counts. The tendency to dental caries is more likely in subjects with T1D due to lower SFR, SpH, and higher SM.
Statistical learning in children with a family risk of dyslexia
Authors: de Bree Elise , Verhagen Josje 
Published: March 2022

The assumption that statistical learning is affected in dyslexia has generally been evaluated in children and adults with diagnosed dyslexia, not in pre‐literate children with a family risk (FR) of dyslexia. In this study, four‐to‐five‐year‐old FR children (n = 25) and No‐FR children (n = 33) completed tasks of emerging literacy (phoneme awareness and RAN). They also performed an online non‐adjacent dependency learning (NADL) task, based on the Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task paradigm. Children's accuracy (hits), signal sensitivity (d′) and reaction times were measured. The FR group performed marginally more poorly on phoneme awareness and significantly more poorly on RAN than the No‐FR group. Regarding NADL outcomes, the results were less straightforward: the data suggested successful statistical learning for both groups, as indicated by the hit and reaction time curves found. However, the FR group was less accurate and slower on the task than the No‐FR group. Furthermore, unlike the No‐FR group, performance in the FR group varied as a function of the specific stimulus presented. Taken together, these findings fail to show a robust difference in statistical learning between children with and without an FR of dyslexia at preschool age, in line with earlier work on older children and adults with dyslexia.
SizeExtractR: A workflow for rapid reproducible extraction of object size metrics from scaled images
Authors: Lachs Liam , Chong Fiona , Beger Maria , East Holly K. , Guest James R. , Sommer Brigitte 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Size is a biological characteristic that drives ecological processes from microscopic to geographic spatial scales, influencing cellular energetics, species fitness, population dynamics, and ecological interactions. Methods to measure size from images (e.g., proxies of body size, leaf area, and cell area) occur along a gradient from manual approaches to fully automated technologies (e.g., machine learning). These methods differ in terms of time investment, expertise required, and data or resource availability. While manual methods can improve accuracy through human recognition, they can be labor intensive, highlighting the need for semi‐automated, and user‐friendly software or workflows to increase the efficiency of manual techniques.

Here, we present SizeExtractR, an open‐source workflow that enables faster extraction of size metrics from scaled images (e.g., each image includes a ruler) using semi‐automated protocols. It comprises a set of ImageJ macros to speed up size extraction and annotation, and an R‐package for the quality control of annotations, data collation, calibration, and visualization.

SizeExtractR extracts seven common size dimensions, including planar area, min/max diameter, and perimeter. Users can record additional categorical variables relating to their own study, for example species ID, by simply adding alphanumeric annotations to individual objects when prompted. Using a population size structure case study for hard corals as an example, we show how SizeExtractR was used to quantify the impact of mass coral bleaching on coral population dynamics. Lastly, the time saving benefit of using SizeExtractR was quantified during a series of timed image analyses, revealing up to a 49% reduction in image analysis time compared to a fully manual approach.

SizeExtractR automatically archives results, allowing re‐analysis of size extraction and promoting quality control and reproducibility. It has already been employed in marine and terrestrial sciences to assess population dynamics and demography, energy investment in eggs, and growth of nursery reared corals, with potential to be applied to a wide range of other research fields.
Norepinephrine use in cardiogenic shock patients is associated with increased 30 day mortality
Authors: Lu Xin , Wang Xue , Gao Yanxia , Walline Joseph Harold , Yu Shiyuan , Ge Zengzheng , Qin Mubing , Zhu Huadong , Li Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsNorepinephrine is recommended as a first‐line vasopressor agent in the haemodynamic stabilization of cardiogenic shock. The survival benefit of norepinephrine therapy has not been demonstrated in clinical practice, however. This study aimed to explore the relationship between norepinephrine use and outcomes in cardiogenic shock patients in real‐world conditions.Methods and resultsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC‐III) database. Cardiogenic shock patients were enrolled and categorized into a norepinephrine group or a non‐norepinephrine group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for confounders. Cox proportional‐hazards models and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the relationship between norepinephrine treatment and mortality. A total of 927 eligible patients were included: 552 patients in the norepinephrine group and 375 patients in the non‐norepinephrine group. After PSM, 222 cases from each group were matched using a 1:1 matching algorithm. Thirty day mortality for patients treated with norepinephrine was significantly higher than for those in the non‐norepinephrine group (41% vs. 30%, OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.09–2.39, P = 0.017; HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.09–2.06, P = 0.013). In the multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference between norepinephrine therapy and long‐term (90 day, 180 day, or 1 year) mortality (90 day (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.82–1.74, P = 0.363), 180 day (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.80–1.70, P = 0.418), 1 year (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.79–1.66, P = 0.477). Patients in the norepinephrine group required more mechanical ventilation (84% vs. 67%, OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.70–4.25, P < 0.001) and experienced longer ICU stays (median 7 vs. 4 days, OR 7.92, 95% CI 1.40–44.83, P = 0.020) than non‐norepinephrine group.ConclusionsCardiogenic shock patients treated with norepinephrine were associated with significantly increased short‐term mortality, while no significant difference was found on long‐term survival rates. Future trials are needed to validate and explore this association.
Facile synthesis of M2(m‐dobdc) (M = Fe and Mn) metal‐organic frameworks for remarkable hydrogen storage
Authors: Verma Satish Kumar , Shaz Mohammad Abu , Yadav Thakur Prasad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as promising candidates for hydrogen storage material because of their porosity and adjustable hydrocarbon structures coordinated with the metal element. Present work explore the synthesis of M2(m‐dobdc) (M = Fe and Mn; m‐dobdc4− = 4,6‐dioxido‐1,3‐benzenedicarboxylate) metal‐organic frameworks via solvothermal method for the purpose of hydrogen storage application. The X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies have been done to ensure the synthesized material is M2(m‐dobdc) (M = Fe and Mn) MOFs. The Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis reveals the average pore size of 36.271 nm for Mn2(m‐dobdc) MOF whereas the average pore size for fe2(m‐dobdc) MOF was found to be 2.1992 nm. The as‐prepared MOF samples are in the mesoporous range based on pore size distribution (internal pore diameter greater than 2 nm) with spherical pore geometry. Hydrogen storage studies shows that Fe2(m‐dobdc) has a hydrogen storage capacity of 0.18 wt% at ambient temperature (30°C) under 100 atm H2 pressure, whereas the hydrogen storage capacity for Mn2(m‐dobdc) is 1.38 wt% under identical conditions of temperature and pressure. The hydrogen storage capacity at liquid nitrogen temperature (−196°C) under 100 atm H2 pressure for Fe2(m‐dobdc) and Mn2(m‐dobdc) is 4.31 and 8.21 wt%, respectively.
Advances in metal graphitic nanocapsules for biomedicine
Authors: Li Shengkai , Yang Yanxia , Wang Shen , Gao Yang , Song Zhiling , Chen Long , Chen Zhuo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal graphitic nanocapsules have the advantages of both graphitic and metal nanomaterials, showing great promise in biomedicine. On one hand, the chemically inert graphitic shells are able to protect the metal core from external environments, quench the fluorescence signal from the biological system, offer robust platform for targeted molecules or drugs loading, and act as stable Raman labels or internal standard molecule. On the other hand, the metal cores with different compositions, sizes, and morphologies show unique physicochemical properties, and further broaden their biomedical functions. In this review, we firstly introduce the preparation, classification, and properties of metal graphitic nanocapsules, then summarize the recent progress of their applications in biodetection, bioimaging, and therapy. Challenges and their development prospects in biomedicine are eventually discussed in detail. We expect the versatile metal graphitic nanocapsules will advance the development of future clinical biomedicine.
Prolonged heat and drought versus cool climate on the Swedish spring wheat breeding lines: Impact on the gluten protein quality and grain microstructure
Authors: Lama Sbatie , Vallenback Pernilla , Hall Stephen A. , Kuzmenkova Marina , Kuktaite Ramune 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFluctuating climate, heat, and drought are expected to considerably impact bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) quality in the coming years and, as wheat is an essential food element worldwide, this will have significant implications for future food security and the global economy. This leads to an urgent need for developing wheat varieties with stable yield and gluten quality. In this study, we investigated the effect of heat and drought, compared to a cool climate, on gluten proteins in 294 spring wheat genotypes grown in 2017 and 2018 in Sweden. Gluten protein parameters were studied by size exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) and grain morphology by X‐ray tomography. The prolonged heat and drought led to: (i) increased gluten polymerization and the formation of large polymers, as defined by the percentage of unextractable polymers in total polymers (%UPP) and the percentage of large unextractable polymers in total large polymers (%LUPP); and (ii) increase in large monomers, as defined by the percentage of large unextractable monomers in the total large monomers (%LUMP) and the ratio of monomers versus polymers (Mon/Pol) in the flour. The cooler climate also led to an increase in total protein concentration and accumulation of the monomeric proteins and total SDS‐extractable proteins (TOTE). No difference in the total amount of SDS‐unextractable proteins (TOTU) was found between the studied climates. Due to the heat and drought stress, the grain yield decreased in most of the genotypes, while the grain microstructure varied only to a minor extent. The wheat genotypes identified in the study that provide good yields and stable gluten properties in both prolonged heat–drought and cool environments are strong candidates to contribute to a secure, self‐sufficient future wheat supply in the face of an evolving climate in Sweden and in similar climates worldwide.
Video‐evoked fMRI BOLD responses are highly consistent across different data acquisition sites
Authors: Byrge Lisa , Kliemann Dorit , He Ye , Cheng Hu , Tyszka Julian Michael , Adolphs Ralph , Kennedy Daniel P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNaturalistic imaging paradigms, in which participants view complex videos in the scanner, are increasingly used in human cognitive neuroscience. Videos evoke temporally synchronized brain responses that are similar across subjects as well as within subjects, but the reproducibility of these brain responses across different data acquisition sites has not yet been quantified. Here, we characterize the consistency of brain responses across independent samples of participants viewing the same videos in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners at different sites (Indiana University and Caltech). We compared brain responses collected at these different sites for two carefully matched datasets with identical scanner models, acquisition, and preprocessing details, along with a third unmatched dataset in which these details varied. Our overall conclusion is that for matched and unmatched datasets alike, video‐evoked brain responses have high consistency across these different sites, both when compared across groups and across pairs of individuals. As one might expect, differences between sites were larger for unmatched datasets than matched datasets. Residual differences between datasets could in part reflect participant‐level variability rather than scanner‐ or data‐ related effects. Altogether our results indicate promise for the development and, critically, generalization of video fMRI studies of individual differences in healthy and clinical populations alike.
C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 confines liver regeneration by down‐regulating reparative macrophage‐derived hepatocyte growth factor in a forkhead box O 3a–dependent manner
Authors: Huang Miao , Jiao Junzhe , Cai Hao , Zhang Yichi , Xia Yuhan , Lin Jiacheng , Shang Zhi , Qian Yihan , Wang Fang , Wu Hailong , Kong Xiaoni , Gu Jinyang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Liver regeneration (LR) is vital for the recovery of liver function after hepatectomy. Limited regeneration capacity, together with insufficient remnant liver volume, is a risk factor for posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) resulting from small‐for‐size syndrome. Although inflammation plays an important role in controlling LR, the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure.

Approach and Results
We identified C‐C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 5 as an important negative regulator for LR. CCL5 levels were elevated after partial hepatectomy (PHx), both in healthy donors of living donor liver transplantation (LT) and PHx mouse models. Ccl5 knockout mice displayed improved survival after 90% PHx and enhanced LR 36 h after 70% PHx. However, primary hepatocytes from Ccl5−/−
mice exposed to growth factors in vitro showed no proliferation advantage compared to those from wild‐type (WT) mice. Flow cytometry analysis showed that proportions of Ly6Clo macrophages were significantly increased in Ccl5−/−
mice after 70% PHx. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that sorted macrophages (CD11b+Ly6Clo&hi) manifested enhanced expression of reparative genes in Ccl5−/−
mice compared to WT mice. Mechanistically, CCL5 induced macrophages toward proinflammatory Ly6Chi phenotype, thereby inhibiting the production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) through the C‐C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 1– and CCR5‐mediated forkhead box O (FoxO) 3a pathways. Finally, blockade of CCL5 greatly optimized survival and boosted LR in the mouse PHx model.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that inhibition of CCL5 is a promising strategy to improve regeneration restoration by enhancing HGF secretion from reparative macrophages through the FoxO3a pathway, which may potentially reduce the mortality of PHLF.