bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the MYO7A gene in rhesus macaque embryos to generate a primate model of Usher Syndrome type 1B
Authors: Ryu Junghyun , Statz John P. , Chan William , Burch Fernanda C. , Brigande John V. , Kempton Beth , Porsov Edward V. , Renner Lauren , McGill Trevor , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Hanna Carol B. , Neuringer Martha , Hennebold Jon D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mutations in the MYO7A gene lead to Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B), a disease characterized by congenital deafness, vision loss, and balance impairment. To create a nonhuman primate (NHP) USH1B model, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to disrupt MYO7A in rhesus macaque zygotes. The targeting efficiency of Cas9 mRNA and hybridized crRNA-tracrRNA (hyb-gRNA) was compared to Cas9 nuclease (Nuc) protein and synthetic single guide (sg)RNAs. Nuc/sgRNA injection led to higher editing efficiencies relative to mRNA/hyb-gRNAs. Mutations were assessed by preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and those with the desired mutations were transferred into surrogates. A pregnancy was established from an embryo where 92.1% of the PGT sequencing reads possessed a single G insertion that leads to a premature stop codon. Analysis of single peripheral blood leukocytes from the infant revealed that half the cells possessed the homozygous single base insertion and the remaining cells had the wild type MYO7A sequence. The infant showed sensitive auditory thresholds beginning at 3 months. Although further optimization is needed, our studies demonstrate that it is feasible to use CRISPR technologies for creating NHP models of human diseases.
Contributions of Cancer Treatment, Comorbidities, and Obesity to Aging-related Disease Risks among Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Survivors
Authors: Ocier Krista , Abdelaziz Sarah , Kim Seungmin , Rowe Kerry , Snyder John , Deshmukh Vikrant G , Newman Michael , Fraser Alison , Smith Ken R , Porucznik Christina A , Shoaf Kimberley , Stanford Joseph B , Lee Catherine J , Hashibe Mia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose. It is unknown whether cancer treatment or modifiable risk factors contribute more to the burden of long-term disease risks among B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (B-NHL) survivors. Methods. B-NHL survivors were identified in the Utah Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2015. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated to assess the role of clinical and lifestyle factors for 6 cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal diseases. Results. Cancer treatment contributed to 11% of heart and pulmonary conditions and 14.1% of chronic kidney disease. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) at baseline contributed to all six diseases with a range of 9.9% of heart disease to 26.5% of chronic kidney disease. High BMI at baseline contributed to 18.4% of congestive heart failure and 7.9% of pneumonia, while smoking contributed to 4.8% of COPD risk. Conclusion. Cancer treatment contributed more to heart disease, COPD, and chronic kidney disease among B-NHL survivors. High BMI at baseline contributed more to congestive heart failure and pneumonia than cancer treatment, whereas smoking at baseline was not a major contributor in this B-NHL survivor cohort. Baseline comorbidities consistently demonstrated high attributable risks for these diseases, demonstrating a strong association between preexisting comorbidities and aging-related disease risks.
Protective effect of Apolipoprotein E epsilon 3 on sporadic Alzheimer's Disease in Chinese population: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Qian , Chen Lei , Wang Ting , Kang Deying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is fastly becoming one of the most expensive, deadly and burdensome diseases in this century. It has the fastest growing disease burden in China. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphic alleles are generally considered to be the primary genetic determinant of AD risk: individuals with the E4 allele are at increased risk of AD compared to individuals with the more common E3 allele. The association intensity is different among different ethnic groups, so a separate meta-analysis of the Chinese population is needed. Methods We searched Chinese and English databases to sift through literature over the past 20 years. Data on the APOE genotype and AD were collected for correlation analysis. OR was calculated according to APOE allele and genotype. Publication bias analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed, and the main results were further verified by subgroup analysis. Results The 116 eligible studies enrolled 23396 AD patients and 25568 healthy controls. The study subjects covered at least 30 of the 34 provincial-level administrative regions (including Taiwan). Partial sex ratio: AD male/female: 10291/11240; Control male/female: 11304/12428, X2=0.122，P=0.727. Meta-analysis results of alleles showed that I2>50% and Q statistics were significant for all genotypes, so the random effect model was selected. The frequency of the ApoE ε4 allele in AD was higher than that in healthy controls, and the difference was statistically significant (OR=2.847, 95% CI=[2.611-3.101], P<0.001). The frequencies of ApoE ε3 and ε2 in AD were lower than those in healthy controls, and the differences was statistically significant (ε3: OR=0.539, 95% CI=[0.504-0.576], P<0.001; ε2: OR=0.771, 95% CI=[0.705-0.843], P<0.001). The results of meta-analysis of AD genotype showed that ApoE ε2/ε4(OR=1.521, 95% CI=[1.270-1.823]，P<0.001)，ε3/ε4(OR=2.491, 95%CI=[2.267-2.738], P<0.001), ε4/ε4(OR=5.481, 95%CI=[4.801-6.257], P<0.001) allele genotype frequencies were higher than the healthy controls, The differences were all statistically significant. AD in ApoE ε2/ε2 (OR=0.612, 95% CI=[0.504-0.743], P<0.001), ε2/ε3 (OR=0.649, 95% CI=[0.585-0.714], P<0.001), and ε3/ε3 (OR=0.508, 95% CI=[0.468-0.551], P<0.001) was lower than that of healthy controls, and the differences was statistically significant. The results of the sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were consistent with those of the whole model. Conclusion The results provide support for the protective effect of the ApoE ε3/ε3 in developing AD. Discussion This research is the most comprehensive meta-analysis of the correlation between APOE and AD in the Chinese population by analysing the distribution of the APOE gene in AD reported in the last 20 years. It was concluded that the APOE ε3 allele had a protective effect on sporadic AD in the Chinese population with great significance, and its protective effect was stronger than that of ε2.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practises of Dengue Prevention Between Dengue Sustained Hotspots and Non-Sustained Hotspots in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pang Junxiong , Chng WeiQuan Jeth , Parvathi Tamilsalvan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dengue sustained hotspots (SHS) have resulted in a significant public health burden. In our study, we aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dengue prevention between residents residing in dengue sustained hotspots and non-sustained hotspots (NSHS) in Singapore. A cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted using digital survey in randomly selected SHS and NSHS residential areas. Inclusion criteria were residents aged 21 or older and residing in the same housing unit in 2019 and 2020. Chi-square test and T-test were used for comparison analysis of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Single and multiple logistic regression were performed using Stata (version 13.1.226) with significance level alpha at P-value <0.05. A total of 466 respondents completed the self-administered, anonymous survey. Age, educational level, marital status, housing type, years staying in house, gross monthly income, hours at home (weekends) and hours of air-conditioning used (weekends) were significantly different between SHS and NSHS [P-value <0.05]. There were no significant difference in mean scores for Knowledge [SHS(24.66) vs. NSHS(24.37); P:0.18], Attitudes [SHS(10.38) vs NSHS(10.16); P:0.08] and Practices [SHS(9.27) vs NSHS(8.80); P:0.16] sections. Significant SHS-associated factors identified were age group 41–50 years old [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):2.50; 95%CI:1.25-5.03], Malay (AOR:0.41; 95%CI:0.17-0.98), up to secondary school education (AOR:0.22; 95%CI:0.07-0.65), private condominium: AOR:1.99; 95%CI:1.17-3.39), residing in same household unit for 2-5 years (AOR:4.10; 95%CI:2.44-6.88), respondents who know that mosquito can breed in open container with stagnant water (AOR:0.25; 95%CI:0.06-0.98), disagree that reducing Aedes mosquitoes is the only way to prevent dengue: (AOR:1.88; 95%CI:1.19-3.00) and go to clinic/hospital even without severe symptoms: (AOR:0.61; 95%CI:0.39-0.95). These independently associated factors would be useful to strengthen community outreach campaign to reduce the risk of sustained dengue hotspots.
Instance segmentation for real-time video detection using FPN and Mask R-CNN
Authors: Yadav Anu , Kumar Ela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Instance segmentation of objects is a significant stage in real-time video detection. Object detection is the task of detecting the information of all types of objects in an image by marking the detected object's position in the image with a rectangular box. Using its great feature learning capabilities, deep learning attains a development in object detection research. Many researchers have performed object detection with different machine learning algorithms and focused on enhancing the accuracy of feature extraction. But the accuracy of the lower and higher-level features are not featured properly due to this error that occurred in the detection of the object at a lower level. To overcome this issue, FPN is used for feature extraction, which extracts both lower and higher-level features for accurate detection of an object, and the classification process is done by the proposed model (Mask R-CNN). The proposed model is implemented on python for finding the performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, execution time, error, etc. The accuracy for real-time object detection using FPN and Mask R-CNN is 97.8%, which is greater compared to the existing techniques such as TLD (Tracking-Learning detection), R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, Mask R-CNN and FPN. Thus, the designed model instantly segments the real-time video for object detection in an effective manner.
Lived experiences of a family-based lifestyle intervention for children with overweight and obesity: On sustainability, self-regulation, and program optimization
Authors: Putter Kaila C. , Jackson Ben , Thornton Ashleigh L. , Willis Claire , Goh Kong Min Bryce , Beauchamp Mark R. , Benjanuvatra Nat , Dimmock James A. , Budden Timothy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Family-based lifestyle interventions (FBLIs) are an important method for treating childhood weight problems. Despite being recognized as an effective intervention method, the optimal structure of these interventions for children’s overweight and obesity has yet to be determined. Our aim was to better understand participants’ (a) capacity to self-regulate and achieve long-term outcomes, (b) perceptions regarding the optimal structure of FBLIs, and (c) insights into psychological concepts that may explain success of these programs.Methods: To understand participant experiences, we conducted focus group as well as one-to-one interviews with over 100 parents and children three months following their involvement in a 10-week, multi-component, FBLI involving resources, education, and experiential activities relating to healthy nutrition, physical activity, and behavior modification. Results: Thematic analysis identified challenges that can impair lasting behavior change (e.g., physical activity participation) following involvement in a FBLI. On optimizing these programs, participants emphasized fun, interactive content, interpersonal support, appropriate educational content, and behavior change techniques.Conclusions: Concepts rooted in motivational theory could help address calls for greater theoretical and mechanistic insight in FBLIs. Findings may support research advancement and assist health professionals to more consistently realize the potential of these interventions.
Quantitative soil erosion risk assessment due to rapid urbanization in the Cox’s Bazar district and Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Farhad , Kamal A S M Maksud , Sadeak Sumiya , Gazi Md. Yousuf 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil erosion due to anthropogenic interventions is an emerging threat to the south-eastern coastal districts of Bangladesh. In the recent decade, land degradation intensified this process in this region due to the settlement of the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs) popularly known as ‘Rohingya’, who fled from Myanmar in 2017. The present study has attempted to quantify the regional soil loss (from 2015 to 2020) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. Results showed that the year 2015 and 2020 witnessed the mean soil erosion at a rate of around 58.2 and 59 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively in the Cox’s Bazar district in which 20 - 21% of the study area was highly subjected to soil erosion. But in the Rohingya camps mean soil erosion for these periods is 59 and 78 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively with a cumulative increase of 32%. The sub-districts adjacent to the Rohingya refugee camps (Ramu, Ukhia, and Teknaf) have experienced intense erosion compared to the others. From 2015 to 2020, a large increase of about 4.54 (6%) t ha-1 yr-1 is observed in the Palongkhali union whereas a maximum decrease of about - 8.08 (23%) t ha-1 yr-1 is observed in the Pokkhali union. In Rohingya camps, the worst soil erosion-affected areas are the camps 8E, 10, 14, 15, 16, and 17 having more than 100 t ha-1 yr-1 mean soil loss. Landuse change is the major contributing factor for soil erosion increase from 2015 to 2020 identified from the geographic detector method. The spatial variations are significantly controlled by slope and elevation factors. This work can help to understand the dynamics of soil erosion and the knowledge can be used for conservation planning in the Cox’s Bazar and Rohingya camp areas.
Study of La Candelaria streams water photocatalysis treatment over Lactuca sativa L seeds
Authors: Stella Andres , Coria Daniel , Alvarez Jesus , Muñoz Vicenta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Natural waters surface contain, among other compounds, humic and fulvic acids refractory to standard treatments, which are the main contributions to chemical oxygen demand (COD). To mineralize this organic matter heterogeneous photocatalysis (HP) has been used for the treatment of La Candelaria stream in Santa Fe (Argentina) close to wastewater treatment plant of the city, with a 9W low-pressure mercury lamp and TiO2 as photocatalyst. Aromaticity elimination has been followed by UV intensity at 254nm, and mineralization by analysis of COD. Effect of pH (7 − 5), TiO2 catalyst loading (500–1000 mg/L) and COD (17–120 mg/L) was studied in the treatment of these natural waters. The results reported optimal treatment conditions at pH 5 and TiO2 loading of 1000 mg/L. Biotoxicity tests were performed using Lactuca sativa L. seeds with the samples of natural waters containing 20, 48 and 76 mg/L COD, and the respective sample treated by photocatalysis in order to explore the effect of the photocatalytic treatment and over COD in media. While collected natural waters and the mineralized waters, after treatment, have non biotoxic behavior, the incomplete treated waters evidence a significant negative effect over germination rate (GR) and the elongation rate (ER), as consequence of concentration of compounds formed during the water photocatalytic treatment process. These results suggest as toxicology tests in outcome effluents to check efficiency of the water treatment plants should be necessary.
Infection prevention and control (IPC) and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) status of healthcare facilities in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan region during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda
Authors: Mugambe Richard K. , Wanyenze Rhoda K. , Ssekamatte Tonny , Isunju John Bosco , Nalugya Aisha , Wafula Solomon T. , Mukasa Hajra Comfort , Balen Julie , Yakubu Habib , Moe Christine L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) are critical in preventing the spread of healthcare associated infections (HCAIs), including COVID-19. However, there is limited evidence on the status of IPC and WASH in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in Uganda amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed IPC and WASH status for HCFs in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA), Uganda, during the COVID-19 pandemic, so as to inform programming and policy. Methods A cross-sectional study that utilized both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was conducted between October and November 2020 after the first wave of COVID-19 in Uganda. The Mwater survey tool was used in 75 HCFs in the GKMA, to collect quantitative data on IPC and WASH, while a key informants’ guide was used to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data were imported into STATA version 16 and analyzed. Data were then summarized using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and graphs. A content approach, aided by Nvivo 12 was used to analyze qualitative data. Results Overall, 86.7% (65/75) of the HCFs had an IPC committee and 72.3% (47/65) of these were functional. The majority, 90.7% (68/75) of the HCFs had an IPC focal person, and 49.3% (37/75) had an IPC programme with a clear annual activity plan. Only, 32.3% (21/65) of the HCFs had their IPC activities supported by budget lines. In terms of WASH, almost all HCFs, 96.0% (72/75) had a basic water service, 10.7% (8/75) had basic sanitation service, 60.0% (45/75) had a basic hand hygiene service, 82.7% (62/75) had a basic waste management service, and 22.7% (17/75) had a basic environmental cleanliness service. Conclusion Our study indicates a need for improvements across all the WASH domains i.e., water, sanitation, hand hygiene, environmental hygiene and waste management. We therefore recommend an earmarked budget line for IPC and WASH activities with deliberate investments in WASH infrastructure and supplies. HCFs need clear plans for the operation and maintenance of WASH infrastructure so as to ensure sustainability. Further, it is necessary to set terms of reference for IPC committees to support their functionality.
Molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Zhao Aiyun , Wang Qilin , Tuo Haixin , Yu Fuchang , Li Youwen , Qi Meng , Zhao Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The most ubiquitously diagnosed microsporidian in animals and humans is Enterocytozoon bieneusi (E. bieneusi). This work aimed to probe the prevalence and genotypes of this pathogen in captive alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) in Gansu Province, China. Subsequent to fecal sample collection (n = 201) from three farms in Gansu, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) region of the rRNA gene was probed by PCR for detection and genotyping of E. bieneusi. The infection rate of E. bieneusi in alpine musk deer was 6.0% (12/201), with 0% (0/36), 7.7% (5/65) and 7.0% (7/100) in farms 1 to 3, respectively. The infection rate of E. bieneusi in young alpine musk deer (3.2%; 1/31) lower than that in adults (6.5%; 11/170), with no evident significant differences between age groups (P > 0.05). Three known genotypes D (n = 8), EbpA (n = 3) and BEB6 (n = 1) were identified by sequence analysis. This is the first such scrutiny of E. bieneusi infection in alpine musk deer in China as per our knowledge. Genotypes D and EbpA were common in humans and animals that is suggestive of the plausible zoonotic role in E. bieneusi transmission by alpine musk deer.
Chromosomal stability of feline cultivated adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications
Authors: Bhat Shazia Nissar , Ramesh Geetha , Kannan Thandavan Arthanari , Basha Sabiha Hayath , Dar Shahid Hussain 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Karyotyping was performed to assess the chromosomal stability in feline adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (fAD-MSCs) in different passages. Analysis of all passages showed that the fAD-MSCs had a normal diploid karyotype with 38 chromosomes. No chromosomal aberration was observed in the cells from all passages (from P0 to P3), which indicated that the cells did not matate during in-vitro culture condition. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that fAD-MSCs maintained stable immunophenotype and chromosomal structure which provided an experimental basis for safety of fAD-MSCs in cytotherpy.
ARG1 as a promising biomarker for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis: Evidence from WGCNA and PPI network
Authors: Zhang Jingxiang , Xu Weiheng , Xing Xinhao , Chen Linlin , Zhao Qingjie , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis remains a major global concern with high mortality and morbidity, while management of sepsis patients relies heavily on early recognition and rapid stratification. This study aims to identify the crucial genes and biomarkers for sepsis which could guide clinicians to make rapid diagnosis and prognostication.MethodsMultiple datasets around the world were analysed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the peripheral blood of sepsis patients were identified. After Gene Oncology (GO) and pathway analysis, the Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen for genes most related with clinical diagnosis. Also, the Protein-Protein Interaction Network (PPI Network) was constructed based on the DEGs and the hub genes were found. The results of WGCNA and PPI network were compared and one shared gene was discovered. More datasets were then used to prove the diagnosis and prognosis value of this gene. Last, we used real-time PCR to confirm the bioinformatic results.Results444 common differentially expressed genes in the blood of sepsis patients from different ethnicities were identified. 15 genes most related with clinical diagnosis were found by WGCNA, and 24 hub genes with most node degrees were identified by PPI network. ARG1 turned out to be the unique overlapped gene. Further analysis using more datasets showed that ARG1 was not only sharply up-regulated in sepsis than in healthy controls, but also significantly high-expressed in septic shock than in non-septic shock, significantly high-expressed in severe or fatal sepsis than in uncomplicated sepsis, and significantly high-expressed in non-responders than in responders upon early treatment. These all demonstrate the performance of ARG1 as a key biomarker. Last, the up-regulation of ARG1 in the blood was confirmed experimentally. ConclusionsWe identified crucial genes that may play significant roles in sepsis by WGCNA and PPI network. ARG1 was the only overlapped gene in both results and could be used to make an accurate diagnosis, discriminate the severity and predict the treatment response of sepsis.