bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT after valve surgery/intervention
Authors: Baggiano Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
After coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac valve repair or replacement is the next most common reason for open-heart surgery. However, according to the type of prosthesis implanted (each characterized by specific durability, position, and intercurrent diseases (i.e. sepsis)), valve dysfunction can occur. Echocardiography is usually adopted for routine follow-up, but is unable to describe all aspects of prosthetic dysfunction properly. As valve dysfunction is invariably related to anatomical abnormalities affecting the prosthetic components or the surrounding structures, which result in functional abnormalities, such as increased transvalvular gradients or relevant regurgitations, CT angiography (CTA) emerged as valuable technique to describe adequately the underlying pathological processes causing the malfunction of a prosthesis. CTA with a dedicated acquisition protocol is able to characterize carefully the site and entity of the prosthetic anatomical abnormality (e.g. pannus, thrombus, leaflet thickening, and endocarditic vegetations), and can indicate the possible presence of perivalvular complications (e.g. paravalvular leakage).
Adult congenital heart disease
Authors: Giannopoulos Andreas A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The management of the growing population of adults with congenital heart diseases (ACHDs) necessitates close follow-up wherein cardiovascular imaging holds a key role. Cardiac CT can aid diagnosis by accurately demonstrating the complex cardiovascular anatomical relationships and offering precise morphological information pre- and postsurgery, or interventional management. Moreover, CT allows for the assessment of pertinent extracardiac anatomy and for evaluation of implanted prosthetic devices. Accounting for the complexity and variability of their anatomical and pathophysiological characteristics, cardiac CT scans must be individualized, designed, and modified specifically for each patient, with the aim of answering the clinical question with the minimum radiation and contrast exposure risks. This chapter provides a quick and general introduction to CT in patients with ACHDs. However, it is by no means a complete and detailed compendium of ACHDs and their individual imaging approaches. For more in-depth information, the interested reader is referred to more comprehensive literature exclusively dedicated to this topic.
Cardiac masses
Authors: Giannopoulos Andreas A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Cardiac masses represent infrequent findings in cardiac CT and the differential diagnosis includes normal variants, non-neoplastic cardiac masses, imaging artefacts, and benign and malignant cardiac tumours. Given its exceptional spatial resolution and by enabling tissue attenuation characterization with the aid of contrast agents, cardiac CT can provide accurate assessment of the location, the extent, the morphological features of masses, and facilitate diagnosis as an adjunct to other imaging modalities. Standard coronary CT angiography image acquisition can be employed, and modification of the timing of injected contrast agent can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the modality. The most common cardiac masses include thrombi, myxomas, and metastatic tumours. Thrombi are commonly encountered in the left atrial appendage or left ventricle, and are characterized by low attenuation. Benign neoplastic masses appear pedunculated with narrow base to the myocardium, while malignant tumours have a more infiltrative pattern with broad attachments.
Extracardiac findings
Authors: Messerli Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Depending on the field of view (FoV) chosen for a given cardiac CT scan, a variable number of extracardiac organs may be included in the CT images. Appropriate detection and interpretation of pathological extracardiac findings is crucial to identify alternative differential diagnoses or incidental findings with variable impact on the patients’ prognosis and treatment. The spectrum of extracardiac findings ranges from rather benign (e.g. hiatal hernia and degenerative skeletal changes) to severe/malignant (e.g. lung cancer). Certain types of scans (e.g. large FoV scan like transcatheter aortic valve implantation work-up and elderly patients) are more likely to yield significant extracardiac findings than others. Close collaboration between radiologists and cardiologists is important to ensure the appropriate interpretation of extracardiac findings.
Artificial intelligence in cardiac CT
Authors: Kolossváry Márton 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The amount of imaging data yielded from cardiac CT images is very large. However, the human ability to interpret, quantify, and integrate these data sets is limited. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a general term that describes computational processes that mimic or exceed human intelligence. The main part of these processes is machine learning (ML), which takes inputs and, using novel analytical and statistical techniques, maps them to given outputs. For cardiac CT, AI techniques have been used at different levels, from image postprocessing to diagnosis and prognosis. Validated indications for AI in cardiac CT include image reconstruction and segmentation, plaque characterization (e.g. the identification of high-risk coronary plaques), myocardial tissue characterization, and prosthetic heart valve evaluation. Moreover, ML models combining imaging data with clinical variables have demonstrated to be accurate in the prediction of cardiovascular outcomes.
Molecular radiotherapy
Authors: Gear Jonathan , Pratt Brenda , Flux Glenn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter, ‘Molecular radiotherapy’ covers the use of unsealed radioactive sources for the treatment of disease. The ideal characteristics of unsealed sources are reviewed and fundamental quantities and theories introduced. Dosimetry techniques based on the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) committee schema are discussed and methods and challenges of quantitative imaging described. The chapter concludes with example calculations for two clinical cases.
Assessment of awareness on IPR activities among Indian academics – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ravi Ramya , Janodia Manthan D. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose
Protection of intellectual property (IP) is important to leverage its commercial potential. This study aims to examine and comprehend the level of understanding of intellectual property rights (IPR) among Indian academics. The study covers three main aspects – awareness level of IP among Indian academics, comprehending if the current state of knowledge about IP is useful for commercialization and whether the current knowledge of IP activities among Indian academics is sufficient to support their professional career and generate revenues from their inventions.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured methodology was contemplated and applied. A cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method was adopted. The duration of the study was six months from March to August 2021. A total of 500 Indian academics were approached, of which 116 responded with a response rate of 23.4%. A structured questionnaire was administered to the participants to understand their level of knowledge about IP. Furthermore, the data analysis was performed based on descriptive analysis.

Findings
The study findings revealed that the awareness among the participants about IP was minimal. The underlying reasons could be academics did not focus on generating IP through novel research, awareness of basic knowledge about IP was considerably low and inadequate to support their professional career, primary focus was on which publications are considered as one of the important criteria for performance management, national policies do not encourage collaborative research between university and industry that may lead to potential IP generation and the Indian academic set-up expects multitasking by its faculty members.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is an original contribution, based on the study carried out by the authors to understand the awareness of IP activities among Indian academics.
It's the platform, stupid (-; the elitist nature of sport podcast listeners
Authors: Galily Yair , Laor Tal , Samuel-Azran Tal 
Published: November 2022

PurposeDespite the ability of podcasts to bring free quality content to the masses, studies found that podcast consumption have been identified mostly with the elite class, thus increasing knowledge gaps and digital divides. This study aims to examine whether this trend extends to non-elitist podcast genres by providing the first analysis of sport podcast demographics and uses and gratifications.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted among Israel’s three most popular sport podcast listeners (N = 503), examining the listeners’ demographics, consumption patterns and uses and gratifications driving them to listen to the podcast.FindingsThe analysis reveals that most listeners are secular millennials males with above average income, highlighting the elitist nature of sport podcast consumers. The analysis further revealed that information-rich groups were more likely to tune in for information acquisition whereas other groups used it more for entertainment and escapist purposes.Practical implicationsFor policy makers and educators who wish to promote podcast-based initiatives to narrow social gaps, the analysis strengthens the notion that the podcast platform mostly attracts those who are already information rich and thus increase knowledge gaps and digital divides. For sport broadcasters, the analysis illuminates sport podcasts audiences’ demographics and their uses of the platform.Social implicationsThe study reflects that the podcast platform is identified with elitist listening even in non-elitist genres; thus it further increases the already wide knowledge gap and digital divides promoted by the advent of the podcast platform.Originality/valueThe study is the first to highlight the elitist nature of sport podcast listeners’ demographics, indicating that the podcast platform increases the knowledge gap also even across non-elitist content genres such as sport content.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-12-2021-0684
Strengthening the social performance of Indian SMEs in the digital era: a fuzzy DEMATEL analysis of enablers
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Rehman Ubaid Ur , Phanden Rakesh Kumar 
Published: November 2022

PurposeIn the modern digital age technologies like Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the manufacturing sector. There are many economic and technological advantages of digitalization. Along with economic benefits, manufacturing enterprises especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs) need to take advantage of digitalization in strengthening their social performance. Observing the importance of social performance of Indian SMEs and availability of limited research in this direction, the current study has done a holistic analysis of social performance enablers.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review with a series of personal interviews of experts has been conducted to identify the enablers of social performance and supportive digital technologies. A fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach has been applied to find the degree of influence and interrelation between enablers. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to validate the results obtained.FindingsAuthors observed that policies of corporate and social responsibility, support by top management, awareness of social performance issues, and ethical practices and collaboration amongst supply chain members are leading causing enablers of social performance. Preparedness for the uncertainty of pandemics, improved work conditions and ergonomics, green practices, improvement in global business and improved living standards of employees and their families are leading the effect group of enablers. Further authors also observed that social media, information and communication technologies (ICT), websites, smart surveillance, e-mails and cloud computing are few supportive digital technologies of social performance issues.Research limitations/implicationsSMEs all over the globe are passing through a transition due to digitalization and influence of pandemics. The finding of current study highlights the importance of strategic management of social performance enablers. Since the research is very limited in the social performance area, especially in Indian SMEs, this study makes a notable contribution to the literature too.Originality/valueNovelty of this study is that social performance enablers of Indian SMEs in the digital era have been analysed holistically. The content of this research is the original work of the authors and has not been submitted for any other publication.
Sequential changes in cellular properties accompanying amniote somite formation
Authors: Piatkowska Agnieszka M. , Adhikari Kaustubh , Moverley Adam A. , Turmaine Mark , Glazier James A. , Plachta Nicolas , Evans Susan E. , Stern Claudio D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSomites are transient structures derived from the pre‐somitic mesoderm (PSM), involving mesenchyme‐to‐epithelial transition (MET) where the cells change their shape and polarize. Using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we study the progression of these events along the tail‐to‐head axis of the embryo, which mirrors the progression of somitogenesis (younger cells located more caudally). SEM revealed that PSM epithelialization is a gradual process, which begins much earlier than previously thought, starting with the dorsalmost cells, then the medial ones, and then, simultaneously, the ventral and lateral cells, before a somite fully separates from the PSM. The core (internal) cells of the PSM and somites never epithelialize, which suggests that the core cells could be ‘trapped’ within the somitocoele after cells at the surfaces of the PSM undergo MET. Three‐dimensional imaging of the distribution of the cell polarity markers PKCζ, PAR3, ZO1, the Golgi marker GM130 and the apical marker N‐cadherin reveal that the pattern of polarization is distinctive for each marker and for each surface of the PSM, but the order of these events is not the same as the progression of cell elongation. These observations challenge some assumptions underlying existing models of somite formation.
Regulation of PKD2 channel function by TACAN
Authors: Liu Xiong , Zhang Rui , Fatehi Mohammad , Wang Yifang , Long Wentong , Tian Rui , Deng Xiaoling , Weng Ziyi , Xu Qinyi , Light Peter E. , Tang Jingfeng , Chen Xing‐Zhen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by mutations in the membrane receptor PKD1 or the cation channel PKD2. TACAN (also termed TMEM120A), recently reported as an ion channel in neurons for mechanosensing and pain sensing, is also distributed in diverse non‐neuronal tissues, such as kidney, heart and intestine, suggesting its involvement in other functions. In this study, we found that TACAN is in a complex with PKD2 in native renal cell lines. Using the two‐electrode voltage clamp in Xenopus oocytes, we found that TACAN inhibits the channel activity of PKD2 gain‐of‐function mutant F604P. TACAN fragments containing the first and last transmembrane domains interacted with the PKD2 C‐ and N‐terminal fragments, respectively. The TACAN N‐terminus acted as a blocking peptide, and TACAN inhibited the function of PKD2 by the binding of PKD2 with TACAN. By patch clamping in mammalian cells, we found that TACAN inhibits both the single‐channel conductance and the open probability of PKD2 and mutant F604P. PKD2 co‐expressed with TACAN, but not PKD2 alone, exhibited pressure sensitivity. Furthermore, we found that TACAN aggravates PKD2‐dependent tail curvature and pronephric cysts in larval zebrafish. In summary, this study revealed that TACAN acts as a PKD2 inhibitor and mediates mechanosensitivity of the PKD2–TACAN channel complex.
imageKey points
TACAN inhibits the function of PKD2 in vitro and in vivo.
TACAN N‐terminal S1‐containing fragment T160X interacts with the PKD2 C‐terminal fragment N580–L700, and its C‐terminal S6‐containing fragment L296–D343 interacts with the PKD2 N‐terminal A594X.
TACAN inhibits the function of the PKD2 channel by physical interaction.
The complex of PKD2 with TACAN, but not PKD2 alone, confers mechanosensitivity.
Higher blood nicotine concentrations following smokeless tobacco (pituri) and cigarette use linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes for Central Australian Aboriginal pregnancies
Authors: Ratsch Angela , Bogossian Fiona , Burmeister Elizabeth A. , Ryu BoMi , Steadman Kathryn J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In central Australia, Aboriginal women use wild tobacco plants, Nicotiana spp. (locally known as pituri) as a chewed smokeless tobacco, with this use continuing throughout pregnancy and lactation. Our aim was to describe the biological concentrations of nicotine and metabolites in samples from mothers and neonates and examine the relationships between maternal self-reported tobacco use and maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
Central Australian Aboriginal mothers (and their neonates) who planned to birth at the Alice Springs Hospital (Northern Territory, Australia) provided biological samples: maternal blood, arterial and venous cord blood, amniotic fluid, maternal and neonatal urine, and breast milk. These were analysed for concentrations of nicotine and five metabolites.

Results
A sample of 73 women were enrolled who self-reported: no-tobacco use (n = 31), tobacco chewing (n = 19), or smoking (n = 23). Not all biological samples were obtained from all mothers and neonates. In those where samples were available, higher total concentrations of nicotine and metabolites were found in the maternal plasma, urine, breast milk, cord bloods and Day 1 neonatal urine of chewers compared with smokers and no-tobacco users. Tobacco-exposed mothers (chewers and smokers) with elevated blood glucose had higher nicotine and metabolite concentrations than tobacco-exposed mothers without elevated glucose, and this was associated with increased neonatal birthweight. Neonates exposed to higher maternal nicotine levels were more likely to be admitted to Special Care Nursery. By Day 3, urinary concentrations in tobacco-exposed neonates had reduced from Day 1, although these remained higher than concentrations from neonates in the no-tobacco group.

Conclusions
This research provides the first evidence that maternal pituri chewing results in high nicotine concentrations in a wide range of maternal and neonatal biological samples and that exposure may be associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Screening for the use of all tobacco and nicotine products during pregnancy rather than focusing solely on smoking would provide a more comprehensive assessment and contribute to a more accurate determination of tobacco and nicotine exposure. This knowledge will better inform maternal and foetal care, direct attention to targeted cessation strategies and ultimately improve long-term clinical outcomes, not only in this vulnerable population, but also for the wider population.

Note to readers
In this research, the central Australian Aboriginal women chose the term ‘Aboriginal’ to refer to themselves, and ‘Indigenous’ to refer to the broader group of Australian First Peoples. That choice has been maintained in the reporting of the research findings.
A robust and efficient automatic method to segment maize FASGA stained stem cross section images to accurately quantify histological profile
Authors: Lopez-Marnet P.-L. , Guillaume S. , Méchin V. , Reymond M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Grasses internodes are made of distinct tissues such as vascular bundles, epidermis, rind and pith. The histology of grasses stem was largely revisited recently taking advantage of the development of microscopy combined with the development of computer-automated image analysis workflows. However, the diversity and complexity of the histological profile complicates quantification. Accurate and automated analysis of histological images thus remains challenging.

Results
Herein, we present a workflow that automatically segments maize internode cross section images into 40 distinct tissues: two tissues in the epidermis, 19 tissues in the rind, 14 tissues in the pith and 5 tissues in the bundles. This level of segmentation is achieved by combining the Hue, Saturation and Value properties of each pixel and the location of each pixel in FASGA stained cross sectiona. This workflow is likewise able to highlight significant and subtle histological genotypic variations between maize internodes. The grain of precision provided by the workflow also makes it possible to demonstrate different levels of sensitivity to digestion by enzymatic cocktails of the tissues in the pith. The precision and strength of the workflow is all the more impressive because it is preserved on cross section images of other grasses such as miscanthus or sorghum.

Conclusions
The fidelity of this tool and its capacity to automatically identify variations of a large number of histological profiles among different genotypes pave the way for its use to identify genotypes of interest and to study the underlying genetic bases of variations in histological profiles in maize or other species.
Effect of temperature on Escherichia coli bloodstream infection in a nationwide population-based study of incidence and resistance
Authors: Feldman Sarah F. , Temkin Elizabeth , Wulffhart Liat , Nutman Amir , Schechner Vered , Shitrit Pnina , Shvartz Racheli , Schwaber Mitchell J. , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The incidence of Escherichia coli bloodstream infections (BSI) is high and increasing. We aimed to describe the effect of season and temperature on the incidence of E. coli BSI and antibiotic-resistant E. coli BSI and to determine differences by place of BSI onset.

Methods
All E. coli BSI in adult Israeli residents between January 1, 2018 and December 19, 2019 were included. We used the national database of mandatory BSI reports and outdoor temperature data. Monthly incidence and resistance were studied using multivariable negative binomial regressions with season (July–October vs. other) and temperature as covariates.

Results
We included 10,583 events, 9012 (85%) community onset (CO) and 1571 (15%) hospital onset (HO). For CO events, for each average monthly temperature increase of 5.5 °C, the monthly number of events increased by 6.2% (95% CI 1.6–11.1%, p = 0.008) and the monthly number of multidrug-resistant events increased by 4.9% (95% CI 0.3–9.7%, p = 0.04). The effect of season was not significant. For HO events, incidence of BSI and resistant BSI were not associated with temperature or season.

Conclusion
Temperature increases the incidence of CO E. coli BSI and CO antibiotic-resistant E. coli BSI. Global warming threatens to increase the incidence of E. coli BSI.