bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Building and Ubuntu
Authors: Njie Haddy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Osusu is the name of the rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCA) system in The Gambia. This chapter examines the Kangbeng-Kafoo women’s group through a series of qualitative interviews to understand their participation in Osusu. The women choose self-organized banking cooperatives because of their deep meaning of interconnectedness, and draw upon the philosophical ideas of Ubuntu (“I am because you are”) to help one another through mutual aid. The author ties the theories of Ubuntu and community economies together to understand how Gambian women find ways to bring societal life into making a living. The findings demonstrate that Osusu is a form of purposeful cooperation that Gambian women organize for a number of reasons. Some women join Osusu to start a new business, or to expand an existing business, or to meet family and community projects. The Gambian Osusu on its own cannot solve the structural barriers that Kangbeng-Kafoo women face, but that they are contributing through their own self-help and collective systems is indicative of what inclusive community economies can look like in The Gambia and elsewhere.
David Jones and Rome
Authors: Hunter Evans Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This interdisciplinary and archival study explores the reception of ancient Rome in the artistic, literary, and philosophical works of David Jones (1895–1974)—the Anglo-Welsh, Roman Catholic, First World War veteran. Across his oeuvre, Jones shaped his innovative conception of contemporary Western civilisational decline on the basis of a complex and dynamic understanding of ancient Rome. His reimagining of Rome was not founded on a classical education, but fashioned from his own experiences, extensive reading, and, most importantly, the dialogues surrounding Rome’s relationship with the modern world which were prevalent in his society. Taking Jones’s Rome as its focus, this book provides an intellectual history of his art and thought. It covers four central areas of twentieth-century discourse that were themselves built upon intricate and conflicting representations of Rome: British political rhetoric, cyclical history, the Catholic cultural revival, and the Welsh nationalist movement. Tracing Jones’s developing approach to Rome across these contexts—through critical analysis of his poetic fragments, watercolours, essays, letters, marginalia, and vast corpus of unique and powerful painted inscriptions—demonstrates how his Roman vision emerged from a deep fear that Western civilisation was in decline and a heartfelt desire to use Rome productively to fight against modern degeneration. In this way, Rome appears in Jones’s works both as a symbol of transhistorical imperialism, totalitarianism, and the mechanisation of life, and simultaneously as the cultural and religious progenitor of the West, and in particular, of Wales, with which the modern world must reconnect if decline was to be avoided.
Music, Leisure, Education
Authors: Mantie Roger 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As the book’s title suggests, Music, Leisure, Education explores historical and philosophical connections between music, leisure, and education. Specifically, it considers how music learning, teaching, and participation can be reconceptualized in terms of leisure (scholē), that is, music education as leisure education. Taking as its starting point “the art of living” and the ethical question, How should one live?, the book engages a wide range of scholarship to problematize the place of non-professional music making in historical and contemporary (Western) conceptions of the good life and the common good. Part I provides a general background on music education, school music, the work ethic, leisure studies, recreation, play, and conduct. Part II focuses on two significant currents of thought and activity during the Progressive Era in the United States, the settlement movement and the recreation movement. The examination demonstrates how societal concerns over conduct (the “threat of leisure”) and differing views on the purpose of music learning and teaching led to a fracturing between those espousing generalist and specialist positions. The four chapters of Part III take readers through considerations of happiness (eudaimonia) and the good life, issues of work-life balance and the play spirit, leisure satisfaction in relation to consumerism, individualism, and the common good, and finally, parenting logics in relation to extracurriculars, music learning, and serious leisure.
The alegality of blockchain technology
Authors: De Filippi Primavera , Mannan Morshed , Reijers Wessel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimilar to the early days of the Internet, today, the effectiveness and applicability of legal regulations are being challenged by the advent of blockchain technology. Yet, unlike the Internet, which has evolved into an increasingly centralized system that was largely brought within the reach of the law, blockchain technology still resists regulation and is thus described by some as being “alegal”, i.e., situated beyond the boundaries of existing legal orders and, therefore, challenging them. This article investigates whether blockchain technology can indeed be qualified as alegal and the extent to which such technology can be brought back within the boundaries of a legal order by means of targeted policies. First, the article explores the features of blockchain-based systems, which make them hard to regulate, mainly due to their approach to disintermediation. Second, drawing from the notion of alegality in legal philosophy, the article analyzes how blockchain technology enables acts that transgress the temporal, spatial, material, and subjective boundaries of the law, thereby introducing the notion of “alegality by design”—as the design of a technological artifact can provide affordances for alegality. Third, the article discusses how the law could respond to the alegality of blockchain technology through innovative policies encouraging the use of regulatory sandboxes to test for the “functional equivalence” and “regulatory equivalence” of the practices and processes implemented by blockchain initiatives.
Diversity and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Associated with Macadamia Branch Dieback in Australia
Authors: Mohankumar Vheena , Dann Elizabeth K. , Akinsanmi Olufemi A. 
Published: February 2022

Botryosphaeria branch dieback is a serious disease of macadamia in Australia, but its etiology has not been clearly defined, which limits effective disease control. Therefore, this study examined whether the causal agents of branch dieback in commercial macadamia orchards in five agroecological regions in Australia are similar in prevalence and aggressiveness. The identity of the causal agents was determined using conventional culturing techniques and DNA sequencing that targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1α), β-tubulin (tub2), and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene loci. The pathogenic variation of the isolates, relative to the source (region and host plant part), was examined using in vivo and in planta assays. Lasiodiplodia and Neofusicoccum were the dominant fungal genera obtained from surveys of 59 macadamia orchards across the agroecological regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 52 representative isolates identified four putative novel Lasiodiplodia clades, with three other Lasiodiplodia spp. (Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, L. pseudotheobromae, and L. theobromae) and three Neofusicoccum spp. (Neofusicoccum luteum, N. mangroviorum, and N. parvum) from macadamia. L. pseudotheobromae that constituted 40% of the isolates from symptomatic tissues was the most prevalent in all the regions. Both the in vivo and in planta pathogenicity assays revealed that all isolates of the Botryosphaeriaceae, except N. mangroviorum, were pathogenic to macadamia. L. theobromae, N. luteum, and L. iraniensis were the most aggressive species causing dieback symptoms in macadamia.
Medical Students’ Socialization Tactics When Entering a New Clinical Clerkship: A Mixed Methods Study of Proactivity
Authors: Atherley Anique , Hu Wendy C.-Y. , Dolmans Diana , Teunissen Pim W. , Hegazi Iman 
Published: February 2022

PurposeSocialization into clinical clerkships is difficult in part due to ambiguity around students’ new roles and expected behaviors. Being proactive reduces ambiguity and is essential to socialization. Proactive behavior can be taught and goes beyond having a proactive personality. Among students entering new undergraduate clinical clerkships, this study aimed to investigate (1) reported proactive behaviors and their association with social integration and (2) enabling and inhibiting factors for proactive behavior.MethodThis study was conducted at the 5-year MBBS program at Western Sydney University during academic year 2019–2020. Using a convergent mixed methods approach, survey and interview data from third-, fourth-, and fifth-year students were collected. Surveys explored 5 proactive behaviors: feedback seeking, information seeking, task negotiation, positive framing, and relationship building. Interviews elicited descriptions of how students described their proactivity and what influenced students to be proactive when entering a new clerkship. Data were integrated using the following the thread and mixed methods matrix techniques.ResultsStudents exhibited all 5 proactive behaviors. Survey data showed positive framing and task negotiation had the highest and lowest scores, respectively. Only positive framing correlated significantly with social integration scores (r = 0.27;P< .01), but this contrasted to interviews, in which students described how other proactive behaviors also led to social integration. Proactive behavior scores decreased across academic years. Integrated data showed 3 linked antecedents to whether students exhibited proactive behavior: feeling capable of being proactive, individual intention to be proactive, and the immediate environment and system-level factors.ConclusionsStudents who framed the experience positively were more likely to report increased social integration. Initiating task negotiation was challenging for most students. The authors propose a conceptual model for proactivity and social integration to support socialization and learning during clinical transitions for future research and interventional design.
A Standardized Training Program in Ultrasound-Guided Intravenous Line Placement
Authors: McKinney Amanda , Steanson Kimberly , Lebar Kiersten 
Published: February 2022

Background
Ultrasound-guided imagery to obtain peripheral intravenous (USGIV) access is a technique that can be used to increase successful peripheral intravenous catheter insertion rates. Improving rates of USGIV use will subsequently decrease central venous catheter use and thus decrease the time to treatment initiation, reduce costs, and improve patient satisfaction.

Purpose:
Current available programs teach nurses USGIV use for the adult population, mainly with a focus on the emergency department. To address this gap in knowledge, a USGIV program aimed at the specific needs of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse was developed and implemented.

Method:
Twelve NICU nurses were trained in USGIV access during a 4-hour combination didactic and simulation-based program. Participants took a pretest survey assessing baseline knowledge and confidence levels related to USGIV access. After didactic lecture, participants worked at stations focused on USGIV access. An 80% benchmark for each participant was set for successful USGIV attempts during simulation. Participants' knowledge and confidence levels were reassessed at the end of the program.

Results:
Posttest scores increased by an average of 25%, demonstrating increased knowledge. The pre- to posttest confidence scores increased by a minimum of 1.6 points (based on a 5-point Likert scale). All participants (n = 12) successfully demonstrated proficiency by achieving at least 80% of attempted USGIV access on a mannequin.

Implications for Practice and Research:
This project demonstrated that USGIV catheter can be employed in neonatal patients by training NICU nurses in USGIV techniques.
A Rare and Lethal Ostial Left Main Trunk Lesion: A Case Report
Authors: Huang Baotao , Zhang Ran , Li Chen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Coronary artery involvement in cardiovascular syphilis is infrequent and often overlooked, especially in patients with latent syphilis. Herein, we present the case of myocardial infarction largely related to cardiovascular syphilis in a 63-year-old man. Invasive coronary angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a critical ostial narrowing of the left main trunk, an occlusive right coronary artery, and moderate-to-severe ostial stenosis of multiple major branches of the abdominal aorta. Syphilis screening and confirmatory tests were positive. Cardiovascular syphilis was considered. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed uneventfully, and a coronary stent was implanted in the ostium of the left main coronary artery. However, on day 3 after PCI, the patient died suddenly, likely because of stent thrombosis. In conclusion, severe coronary lesions confined to the ostia suggest rheumatologic large-vessel vasculitis or infectious aortitis.
Pulmonary complications and respiratory management in neurocritical care: a narrative review
Authors: Wen Junxian , Chen Jia , Chang Jianbo , Wei Junji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Neurocritical care (NCC) is not only generally guided by principles of general intensive care, but also directed by specific goals and methods. This review summarizes the common pulmonary diseases and pathophysiology affecting NCC patients and the progress made in strategies of respiratory support in NCC. This review highlights the possible interactions and pathways that have been revealed between neurological injuries and respiratory diseases, including the catecholamine pathway, systemic inflammatory reactions, adrenergic hypersensitivity, and dopaminergic signaling. Pulmonary complications of neurocritical patients include pneumonia, neurological pulmonary edema, and respiratory distress. Specific aspects of respiratory management include prioritizing the protection of the brain, and the goal of respiratory management is to avoid inappropriate blood gas composition levels and intracranial hypertension. Compared with the traditional mode of protective mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume (Vt), high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and recruitment maneuvers, low PEEP might yield a potential benefit in closing and protecting the lung tissue. Multimodal neuromonitoring can ensure the safety of respiratory maneuvers in clinical and scientific practice. Future studies are required to develop guidelines for respiratory management in NCC.
Update on lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) in cancers: from biological properties to clinical applications
Authors: Zhao Lishu , Wang Hao , Xu Kandi , Liu Xinyue , He Yayi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Immunotherapy that targets checkpoints, especially programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1, has revolutionized cancer therapy regimens. The overall response rate to mono-immunotherapy, however, is limited, emphasizing the need to potentiate the efficacy of these regimens. The functions of immune cells are modulated by multiple stimulatory and inhibitory molecules, including lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3). LAG-3 is co-expressed together with other inhibitory checkpoints and plays key roles in immune suppression. Increasing evidence, particularly in the last 5 years, has shown the potential of LAG-3 blockade in anti-tumor immunity. This review provides an update on the biological properties and clinical applications of LAG-3 in cancers.
Cutaneous Neurocristic Hamartoma Mimicking Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Patient With Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Authors: Finberg Ariel , Martin Seth , Gradecki Sarah , Zlotoff Barrett , Raghavan Shyam S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Neurocristic hamartomas (NCH) of cutaneous origin are especially rare congenital or acquired neoplasms that often arise through aberrant embryologic development of pluripotent neural crest cells. Clinically, they often present as pigmented macules or papules on the scalp with associated alopecia. NCHs are characterized histopathologically by dermal melanocytic, fibroblastic, and neurosustentacular components. Correct identification of this etiology is critical because of potential for malignant transformation, particularly in acquired NCHs. Our patient was a 6-year-old girl with xeroderma pigmentosum and confirmed XPC mutation followed in our dermatology clinic since the age of 3. She had a history of multiple actinic keratoses but no prior skin cancers. A 4-mm homogenous pink papule on the left frontal scalp concerning for basal cell carcinoma was noted during routine skin examination. After a 3-month course of 3 times weekly topical imiquimod, the lesion had grown to a 6 mm diameter. The patient was then referred to plastic surgery for definitive excision. Histologically, the lesion showed a well-circumscribed proliferation of spindle cells with a trabecular and nested growth pattern. Perivascular pseudorosettes were identified, as were areas that resembled well-differentiated neural tissue. The spindle cells diffusely expressed S100 protein, SOX10, and CD34, with patchy expression of Melan-A and HMB-45. PRAME was negative, and p16 was retained. Array comparative genomic hybridization was performed, and no clinically significant copy number or single nucleotide variants were detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case in the literature of a cutaneous neurocristic hamartoma arising in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum.
Acantholytic Dyskeratosis Post-COVID Vaccination
Authors: Yang Kevin , Prussick Lisa , Hartman Rebecca , Mahalingam Meera 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:Acantholytic dyskeratosis mimicking Grover disease as a cutaneous manifestation of a side effect to the Moderna (mRNA-1273) COVID vaccine is rare with only one documented case in the literature to date. Herein, we present a case of an eruptive, erythematous, vesiculopapular rash developing in a patient after the Moderna vaccine. Histopathology of a representative biopsy [x2, done 8 weeks apart] of the rash revealed similar histopathologic findings of patchy suprabasal acantholysis with dyskeratotic keratinocytes and an underlying inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and neutrophils. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. In contrast to the only case previously reported in the literature, a confounding feature in our case, was that patient had a medical history significant for Grover disease, which had been successfully treated with complete resolution and seemed to be in remission. Given the temporal relationship of the onset of the rash to vaccine administration, the changes were likely vaccine-related with the caveat that, in light of the medical history, the differential diagnosis includes reactivation of Grover disease by the vaccine as a trigger factor.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Total Mesorectal Excision Plane Navigation in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Igaki Takahiro , Kitaguchi Daichi , Kojima Shigehiro , Hasegawa Hiro , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Mori Kensaku , Kinugasa Yusuke , Ito Masaaki 
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:
Total mesorectal excision is the standard surgical procedure for rectal cancer because it is associated with low local recurrence rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use an image-guided navigation system with total mesorectal excision.

IMPACT OF INNOVATION:
The impact of innovation is the development of a deep learning-based image-guided navigation system for areolar tissue in the total mesorectal excision plane. Such a system might be helpful to surgeons because areolar tissue can be used as a landmark for the appropriate dissection plane.

TECHNOLOGY, MATERIALS, AND METHODS:
This was a single-center experimental feasibility study involving 32 randomly selected patients who had undergone laparoscopic left-sided colorectal resection between 2015 and 2019. Deep learning-based semantic segmentation of areolar tissue in the total mesorectal excision plane was performed. Intraoperative images capturing the total mesorectal excision scene extracted from left colorectal laparoscopic resection videos were used as training data for the deep learning model. Six hundred annotation images were created from 32 videos, with 528 images in the training and 72 images in the test data sets. The experimental feasibility study was conducted at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Dice coefficient was used to evaluate semantic segmentation accuracy for areolar tissue.

PRELIMINARY RESULTS:
The developed semantic segmentation model helped locate and highlight the areolar tissue area in the total mesorectal excision plane. The accuracy and generalization performance of deep learning models depend mainly on the quantity and quality of the training data. This study had only 600 images; thus, more images for training are necessary to improve the recognition accuracy.

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS:
We successfully developed a total mesorectal excision plane image-guided navigation system based on an areolar tissue segmentation approach with high accuracy. This may aid surgeons in recognizing the total mesorectal excision plane for dissection.
Understanding the relationship between absence constraints and presenteeism among nurses and midwives: Does social support matter?
Authors: Flatau-Harrison Huw , Vleugels Wouter , Kilroy Steven , Bosak Janine 
Published: February 2022

Background
The substitution hypothesis identifies absence constraints such as job and organizational demands as key precursors of presenteeism (attending work while ill). However, the relationship between absence constraints and presenteeism might be more complex than traditionally assumed (i.e., curvilinear). Moreover, it also remains unclear whether and how effective social support is in buffering these relationships.

Purpose
This study investigates whether the relationship between key absence constraints (i.e., attendance enforcement and work overload) and presenteeism follows a U-shaped curvilinear pattern and whether support mechanisms (i.e., colleague and manager support) moderate the absence constraints–presenteeism relationship.

Methodology
To answer these questions, we employed binary logistic regression analysis on survey data from a large and representative sample of nurses and midwives from Ireland (N = 1,037).

Results
The relationship between absence constraints and presenteeism is dependent on the type of absence constraint, with attendance enforcement demonstrating a curvilinear relationship and work overload demonstrating a linear relationship. Contrary to expectations, social support had limited impact on this relationship and acted as a “constraint in disguise” in the case of manager support and had no impact in the case of colleague support.

Conclusion
Our study challenges the basic tenets of the substitution hypothesis of presenteeism, particularly the idea that eliminating absence constraints always reduces the likelihood of presenteeism among nurses and midwives.

Practice Implications
Increasing support to reduce presenteeism is unlikely to be effective in controlling presenteeism among nurses and midwives. Hospitals would be better served by directly targeting the absence constraints of such presenteeism behavior.