bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction between LC8 and LCA5 reveals a novel oligomerization function of LC8 in the ciliary-centrosome system
Authors: Szaniszló Tamás , Fülöp Máté , Pajkos Mátyás , Erdős Gábor , Kovács Réka Ágnes , Vadászi Henrietta , Kardos József , Dosztányi Zsuzsanna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDynein light chain LC8 is a small dimeric hub protein that recognizes its partners through short linear motifs and is commonly assumed to drive their dimerization. It has more than 100 known binding partners involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Recent large-scale interaction studies suggested that LC8 could also play a role in the ciliary/centrosome system. However, the cellular function of LC8 in this system remains elusive. In this work, we characterized the interaction of LC8 with the centrosomal protein lebercilin (LCA5), which is associated with a specific form of ciliopathy. We showed that LCA5 binds LC8 through two linear motifs. In contrast to the commonly accepted model, LCA5 forms dimers through extensive coiled coil formation in a LC8-independent manner. However, LC8 enhances the oligomerization ability of LCA5 that requires a finely balanced interplay of coiled coil segments and both binding motifs. Based on our results, we propose that LC8 acts as an oligomerization engine that is responsible for the higher order oligomer formation of LCA5. As LCA5 shares several common features with other centrosomal proteins, the presented LC8 driven oligomerization could be widespread among centrosomal proteins, highlighting an important novel cellular function of LC8.
Identification and characterization of the kynurenine pathway in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Cristina Benatti , Veronica Rivi , Silvia Alboni , Andrea Grilli , Sara Castellano , Luca Pani , Nicoletta Brunello , M.C. Blom Johanna , Silvio Bicciato , Fabio Tascedda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) is implicated in many human diseases and disorders, from immunological, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric conditions to cancer, and represents an appealing target for new therapeutic approaches. In this intricate scenario, invertebrates,like Lymnaea stagnalis(LS), provide a flexible tool to unravel the complexity of the KP. Starting from the availableLSgenome and transcriptome, we identified putative transcripts of all KP enzymes containing an ORF; each predicted protein possessed a high degree of sequence conservation to known orthologues of other invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms. Sequences were confirmed by qualitative PCR and sequencing. At the same time, the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that Lym IDO-like, Lym TDO-like, Lym AFMID-like, Lym KMO-like, Lym AADAT-like, Lym KYAT I/III-like, Lym KYNU-like, Lym HAAO-like, and Lym ACMSD-like showed widespread tissue expression. Then, tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxy-kynurenine, xanthurenic acid, picolinic acid, and quinolinic acid were identified in the hemolymph of LS by UHPLC-Q exactive mass spectrometer. Our study provides the most thorough characterization to date of the KP in an invertebrate model, supporting the value of LS for future functional studies of this pathway at the cellular, synaptic, and behavioral levels.
On a two-dimensional model of generalized thermoelasticity with application
Authors: Ahmed Ethar A. A. , El-Dhaba A. R. , Abou-Dina M. S. , Ghaleb A. F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 2D first order linear system of partial differential equations of plane strain thermoelasticity within the frame of extended thermodynamics is presented and analyzed. The system is composed of the equations of classical thermoelasticity in which displacements are replaced with velocities, complemented with Cattaneo evolution equation for heat flux. For a particular choice of the characteristic quantities and for positive thermal conductivity, it is shown that this system may be cast in a form that is symmetric t-hyperbolic without further recurrence to entropy principle. While hyperbolicity means a finite speed of propagation of heat waves, it is known that symmetric hyperbolic systems have the desirable property of well-posedness of Cauchy problems. A study of the characteristics of this system is carried out, and an energy integral is derived, that can be used to prove uniqueness of solution under some boundary conditions. A numerical application for a finite slab is considered and the numerical results are plotted and discussed. In particular, the wave propagation nature of the solution is put in evidence.
The function of a conidia specific transcription factor CsgA in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Cho He-Jin , Park Hee-Soo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAspergillus spp. mainly reproduce asexually via asexual spores called conidia. In this study, we identified CsgA, a conidia-specific Zn2Cys6 transcription factor containing the GAL4-like zinc-finger domain, and characterized the roles of CsgA in the model organism Aspergillus nidulans. In A. nidulans, the ΔcsgA strain produced abnormal conidiophores and exhibited increased conidial production. The deletion of csgA resulted in impaired production of sexual fruiting bodies (cleistothecia) and lower mutA expression levels. Overexpression of csgA led to decreased conidia production but increased cleistothecia production, suggesting that CsgA is essential for proper asexual and sexual development in A. nidulans. In conidia, the deletion of csgA resulted in increased trehalose content, higher spore viability, and increased tolerance to thermal and oxidative stresses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the loss of csgA affects the expression of genes related to conidia germination, DNA repair, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed that the ΔcsgA strain exhibited delayed conidial germination and abnormal germ tube length. Additionally, the production of sterigmatocystin increased in the ΔcsgA conidia compared to that in the controls. Overall, these results suggest that CsgA is crucial for proper fungal development, spore viability, conidial germination, and sterigmatocystin production in A. nidulans.
Short-term paleogeographic reorganizations and climate events shaped diversification of North American freshwater gastropods over deep time
Authors: Neubauer Thomas A. , Harzhauser Mathias , Hartman Joseph H. , Silvestro Daniele , Scotese Christopher R. , Czaja Alexander , Vermeij Geerat J. , Wilke Thomas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat controls species diversity and diversification is one of the major questions in evolutionary biology and paleontology. Previous studies have addressed this issue based on various plant and animal groups, geographic regions, and time intervals. However, as most previous research focused on terrestrial or marine ecosystems, our understanding of the controls on diversification of biota (and particularly invertebrates) in freshwater environments in deep time is still limited. Here, we infer diversification rates of North American freshwater gastropods from the Late Triassic to the Pleistocene and explore potential links between shifts in speciation and extinction and major changes in paleogeography, climate, and biotic interactions. We found that variation in the speciation rate is best explained by changes in continental fragmentation, with rate shifts coinciding with major paleogeographic reorganizations in the Mesozoic, in particular the retreat of the Sundance Sea and subsequent development of the Bighorn wetland and the advance of the Western Interior Seaway. Climatic events in the Cenozoic (Middle Eocene Climate Optimum, Miocene Climate Optimum) variably coincide with shifts in speciation and extinction as well, but no significant long-term association could be detected. Similarly, no influence of diversity dependence was found across the entire time frame of ~ 214 Myr. Our results indicate that short-term climatic events and paleogeographic changes are relevant to the diversification of continental freshwater biota, while long-term trends have limited effect.
Bayesian inference of spectrometric data and validation with numerical simulations of plasma sheath diagnostics of a plasma focus discharge
Authors: Avaria Gonzalo , Clausse Alejandro , Davis Sergio , Pavez Cristian , Villalba Nelson , Cuadrado Osvaldo , Moreno Jose , Ruiz H. Marcelo , Soto Leopoldo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPlasma Foci are pulsed coaxial discharges with numerous radiation applications and interesting scientific phenomena. Although the physics answered much of the processes involved in these discharges, many related fundamental questions still remains doggedly unresolved. One of the obstacles to deeper knowledge is the scarcity of reliable experimental data. This work presents an elaborate experimental assessment of the electron density in the rundown phase of a 400 J Plasma Focus operating with hydrogen. The rundown of the plasma sheath is basically a hypersonic shock wave between two coaxial electrodes accelerated by the Lorentz force, and it is important to control the pinch formation. The electron density of the passing sheath is measured by means of the Stark broadened hydrogen alpha emission with spatial and temporal resolution. The experimental data is post-processed using Bayesian posterior probability assessment. The results are conflated with the numerical model CShock to construe an educated explanation of the sheath behavior during the rundown. In particular, it is possible to reckon the formation of a toroidal instability reported in previous experiments, and to estimate the plasma sheath temperature (4–20 eV) and velocity (62.5 km/s) at this stage.
Impact of nutrition and physical activity on outcomes of hospital-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Jang Jin Ho , Kim Taehwa , Yeo Hye Ju , Cho Woo Hyun , Min Kyung Hoon , Oh Jee Youn , Hong Sang-Bum , Baek Ae-Rin , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Kim Changhwan , Chang Youjin , Park Hye Kyeong , Lee Heung Bum , Bae Soohyun , Moon Jae Young , Yoo Kwang Ha , Gil Hyun-Il , Shin Beomsu , Jeon Kyeongman ,   the Korean HAP/VAP Study Group, Cho Woo Hyun , Min Kyung Hoon , Oh Jee Youn , Hong Sang-Bum , Baek Ae-Rin , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Kim Changhwan , Chang Youjin , Park Hye Kyeong , Lee Heung Bum , Bae Soohyun , Moon Jae Young , Yoo Kwang Ha , Gil Hyun-Il , Shin Beomsu , Jeon Kyeongman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFrailty is an important risk factor for adverse health-related outcomes. It is classified into several phenotypes according to nutritional state and physical activity. In this context, we investigated whether frailty phenotypes were related to clinical outcome of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). During the study period, a total of 526 patients were screened for HAP and 480 of whom were analyzed. The patients were divided into four groups according to physical inactivity and malnutrition: nutritional frailty (Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index [GNRI] < 82 and Clinical Frailty Scale [CFS] ≥ 4), malnutrition (GNRI < 82 and CFS < 4), physical frailty (GNRI ≥ 82 and CFS ≥ 4), and normal (GNRI ≥ 82 and CFS < 4). Among the phenotypes, physical frailty without malnutrition was the most common (39.4%), followed by nutritional frailty (30.2%), normal (20.6%), and malnutrition (9.8%). There was a significant difference in hospital survival and home discharge among the four phenotypes (p = 0.009), and the nutritional frailty group had the poorest in-hospital survival and home discharge (64.8% and 34.6%, respectively). In conclusion, there were differences in clinical outcomes according to the four phenotypes of HAP. Assessment of frailty phenotypes during hospitalization may improve outcomes through adequate nutrition and rehabilitation treatment of patients with HAP.
Production of cold-active pectinases by three novel Cladosporium species isolated from Egypt and application of the most active enzyme
Authors: Moharram Ahmad Mohamed , Zohri Abdel-Naser Ahmed , Hesham Abd El-Latif , Abdel-Raheam Hossam E. F. , Al-Ameen Maher Mohamed , Al-Bedak Osama Abdel-Hafeez 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCladosporium parasphaerospermum,Cladosporium chlamydosporigenum, andCladosporium compactisporumhave all been discovered and characterized as newCladosporiumspecies. The three new species seemed to generate cold-active pectinases with high activity at pH 6.0 and 10 °C, pH 6.0 and 15 °C, and pH 5.0 and 15 °C, respectively, with the most active beingC. parasphaerospermumpectinase. In submerged fermentation (SmF),C. parasphaerospermumproduced the most cold-active pectinase with the highest activity and specific activity (28.84 U/mL and 3797 U/mg) after 8 days.C. parasphaerospermumcold-active pectinase was isolated using DEAE-Cellulose anion exchange resin and a Sephadex G 100 gel filtration column. The enzyme was purified 214.4-fold and 406.4-fold greater than the fermentation medium using DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G 100, respectively. At pH 7.0 and 10 °C, pure pectinase had the highest activity (6684 U/mg), with Kmand Vmaxdetermined to be 26.625 mg/mL and 312.5 U/min, respectively. At 5 mM/mL, EDTA, MgCl2, and SDS inhibited the activity of pure pectinase by 99.21, 96.03, and 94.45%, respectively. The addition of 10 U/mL pure pectinase enhanced the yield of apple, orange, apricot, and peach juice by 17, 20, 13, and 24%, respectively, and improved the clarity and colour of orange juice by 194 and 339%, respectively. We can now add cold-active pectinase production to the long list ofCladosporiumspecies that have been identified. We also report three new species that can be used in biotechnological solutions as active microbial pectinase producers. Although further research is needed, these distinct species might be used to decompose difficult and resistant pectinacious wastes as well as clear fruit juices.
Differences in spinal posture and mobility between children/adolescents with obesity and age-matched normal-weight individuals
Authors: Bayartai M. E. , Schaer C. E. , Luomajoki Hannu , Tringali G. , De Micheli R. , Sartorio A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to cross-sectionally explore the association of obesity with spinal posture and mobility, commonly associated with musculoskeletal problems, by comparing the spinal parameters between 90 obese and 109 normal-weight children and adolescents. A non-invasive electromechanical device, the Idiag M360 (Idiag, Fehraltorf, Switzerland), was used to measure the spinal parameters. An age-and-sex-adjusted two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine postural and mobility differences between the two groups. Children and adolescents with obesity had significantly greater thoracic kyphosis [difference between groups (Δ) = 13.00, 95% CI 10.10–15.80, p < 0.0001] and thoracic extension (Δ = 6.50, 95% CI 2.90–11.60, p = 0.005), as well as smaller mobility in thoracic flexion (Δ = 5.00, 95% CI 1.20–8.80, p = 0.01), thoracic lateral flexion (Δ = 17.70, 95% CI 11.60–23.80, p < 0.0001), lumbar flexion (Δ = 12.10, 95% CI 8.70–15.50, p < 0.0001), lumbar extension (Δ = 7.10, 95% CI 3.10–12.20, p = 0.003) and lumbar lateral flexion (Δ = 9.10, 95% CI 5.50–12.80, p < 0.0001) compared to the normal-weight children and adolescents. These findings provide important information about the characteristics of the spine in children and adolescents with obesity and unique insights into obesity-related mechanical challenges that the spine has to withstand and strategies designed to improve spinal mobility in this young population.
Walking paths during collaborative carriages do not follow the simple rules observed in the locomotion of single walking subjects
Authors: Maroger Isabelle , Silva Manon , Pillet Hélène , Turpin Nicolas , Stasse Olivier , Watier Bruno 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome works have already studied human trajectories during spontaneous locomotion. However, this topic has not been thoroughly studied in the context of human-human interactions, especially during collaborative carriage tasks. Thus, this manuscript aims to provide a broad analysis of the kinematics of two subjects carrying a table. In the present study, 20 pairs of subjects moved a table to 9 different goal positions distant of 2.7–5.4 m. This was performed with only one or both subjects knowing the target location. The analysis of the collected data demonstrated that there is no shared strategy implemented by all the pairs to move the table around. We observed a great variability in the pairs’ behaviours. Even the same pair can implement various strategies to move a table to the same goal position. Moreover, a model of the trajectories adopted by collaborating pairs was proposed and optimized with an inverse optimal control scheme. Even if it produced consistent results, due to the great variability which origins were not elucidated, it was not possible to accurately simulate the average trajectories nor the individual ones. Thus, the approach that was shown to be efficient to simulate single walking subjects failed to model the behaviour of collaborating pairs.
Association of socioeconomic deprivation with life expectancy and all-cause mortality in Spain, 2011–2013
Authors: Redondo-Sánchez Daniel , Sánchez María-José , Fernández-Navarro Pablo , Rachet Bernard , Luque-Fernandez Miguel Angel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLife tables summarise a population’s mortality experience during a time period. Sex- and age-specific life tables are needed to compute various cancer survival measures. However, mortality rates vary according to socioeconomic status. We present sex- and age-specific life tables based on socioeconomic status at the census tract level in Spain during 2011–2013 that will allow estimating cancer relative survival estimates and life expectancy measures by socioeconomic status. Population and mortality data were obtained from the Spanish Statistical Office. Socioeconomic level was measured using the Spanish Deprivation Index by census tract. We produced sex- and age-specific life expectancies at birth by quintiles of deprivation, and life tables by census tract and province. Life expectancy at birth was higher among women than among men. Women and men in the most deprived census tracts in Spain lived 3.2 and 3.8 years less than their counterparts in the least deprived areas. A higher life expectancy in the northern regions of Spain was discovered. Life expectancy was higher in provincial capitals than in rural areas. We found a significant life expectancy gap and geographical variation by sex and socioeconomic status in Spain. The gap was more pronounced among men than among women. Understanding the association between life expectancy and socioeconomic status could help in developing appropriate public health programs. Furthermore, the life tables we produced are needed to estimate cancer specific survival measures by socioeconomic status. Therefore, they are important for cancer control in Spain.
Continued weakening of the equatorial Pacific upwelling annual cycle in CMIP5 future projections
Authors: Wang Li-Chiao , Dao Thi Lan , Yu Jia-Yuh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study explores the dynamics of the equatorial Pacific upwelling annual cycle under global warming using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations. Through a linear-weighted theory developed recently, the theoretical upwelling annual cycles under global warming helped reasonably characterize the patterns of the original upwelling annual cycles simulated in CMIP5 models; however, an apparent weakening in magnitude as compared to that during the present stage was observed. To verify the above, we divided 90-year outputs in the CMIP5 future projections into three 30-year windows and set side by side. The long-term evolution of the upwelling annual cycle reconfirmed an overall weakening tendency in the entire equatorial Pacific. Moreover, the weakening of the Ekman upwelling could most likely be attributed to the meridional surface wind stress divergence, while the gradually smoothing inclination in the overall equatorial thermocline depth was responsible for the weakening of the wave upwelling. The weakening of the wave upwelling in the east and the Ekman upwelling in the west jointly contributed to the gradual weakening of the equatorial Pacific upwelling annual cycle. The above projected changes are robust among the 19 chosen CMIP5 models. Equatorial upwelling largely influences the sea surface temperature, associated atmosphere–ocean interactions, and convection and precipitation in tropical areas; hence, a continuous weakening of the upwelling annual cycle over the equatorial Pacific Ocean could likely affect the major climate phenomena variability with strong seasonal-locking characteristics by modifying the background strength at their peak phases in the future. The theoretical results can provide us the equatorial upwelling annual cycle patterns based on the Ekman and wave dynamics, which would be a strong tool for our investigations on the climate variability under global warming.
The influence of sexual activity on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Zavorsky Gerald S. , Brooks Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeveral anecdotal reports suggest that sex before competition can affect performance. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether athletic performance or some physical fitness measure is affected by prior sexual activity. Web of Science (all databases) and Google Scholar were used to identify studies from which adult healthy subjects were included. As all studies were crossover trials, an inverse variance statistical method with random effects was used to minimize the uncertainty of the pooled effect estimate. Bias was assessed via the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2) with a "per protocol" analysis. Nine crossover studies (133 subjects, 99% male) were used in this meta-analysis. All those studies did not examine athletic performance per se, but all studies assessed one or more physical fitness parameters. The RoB 2 suggested that overall, there were some concerns with bias. As there was moderate heterogeneity amongst the different outcomes (Tau2 = 0.02, Chi-square = 17.2, df = 8, p = 0.03, I2 = 54%), a random-effects model was used. The results neither favored abstinence nor sexual activity before a physical fitness test [standardized mean difference = 0.03 (− 0.10 to 0.16), Z = 0.47, p = 0.64, where a negative standardized mean difference favors abstinence, and a positive standardized mean difference favors sexual activity]. The results demonstrate that sexual activity within 30 min to 24 h before exercise does not appear to affect aerobic fitness, musculoskeletal endurance, or strength/power.