bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Differentially Affects Healthy Men and Women During a Daytime Nap With a Dose-Response Relationship: a Randomized, Cross-Over Pilot Study
Authors: Riveros-Rivera Alain , Penzel Thomas , Gunga Hanns-Christian , Opatz Oliver , Paul Friedemann , Klug Lars , Boschmann Michael , Mähler Anja 
Published: May 2022

Context: The use of daytime napping as a countermeasure in sleep disturbances has been recommended but its physiological evaluation at high altitude is limited.Objective: To evaluate the neuroendocrine response to hypoxic stress during a daytime nap and its cognitive impact.Design, Subject, and Setting: Randomized, single-blind, three period cross-over pilot study conducted with 15 healthy lowlander subjects (8 women) with a mean (SD) age of 29(6) years (Clinicaltrials identifier: NCT04146857, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04146857?cond=napping&amp;draw=3&amp;rank=12).Interventions: Volunteers underwent a polysomnography, hematological and cognitive evaluation around a 90 min midday nap, being allocated to a randomized sequence of three conditions: normobaric normoxia (NN), normobaric hypoxia at FiO2 14.7% (NH15) and 12.5% (NH13), with a washout period of 1 week between conditions.Results: Primary outcome was the interbeat period measured by the RR interval with electrocardiogram. Compared to normobaric normoxia, RR during napping was shortened by 57 and 206 ms under NH15 and NH13 conditions, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Sympathetic predominance was evident by heart rate variability analysis and increased epinephrine levels. Concomitantly, there were significant changes in endocrine parameters such as erythropoietin (∼6 UI/L) and cortisol (∼100 nmol/L) (NH13 vs. NN, p &lt; 0.001). Cognitive evaluation revealed changes in the color-word Stroop test. Additionally, although sleep efficiency was preserved, polysomnography showed lesser deep sleep and REM sleep, and periodic breathing, predominantly in men.Conclusion: Although napping in simulated altitude does not appear to significantly affect cognitive performance, sex-dependent changes in cardiac autonomic modulation and respiratory pattern should be considered before napping is prescribed as a countermeasure.
Development and Influencing Factors of International Trade in Digitally Deliverable Services
Authors: Di Yuna , Zhi Ruixin , Song Huaixi , Zhang Lu 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionInternational trade in digitally deliverable services has been developing rapidly in recent years, especially during pandemics. However, the growth rate and scale differ among regions and countries. To promote the growth and bridge the divide of global trade in digitally deliverable services, we provide feasible policy suggestions in this paper.MethodsBased on panel data of 33 countries' digitally deliverable service trade from 2005 to 2020, this study analyzes the development trends and influencing factors of international trade in digital-global service trade.ResultsThe development of digitally deliverable services in developed countries is far ahead, while in emerging economies such as China and India, it is growing at a high speed. Digital infrastructure; human capital; and science, technology, and innovation capacity have a significant impact on the digitally deliverable trade of countries with the level of STI playing the most important influence. Further, heterogeneity analysis shows that human capital and STI capacity are more sensitive to the digitally deliverable trade of middle-income countries than to the impact of high-income countries, and the contribution of population in middle-income countries is more pronounced.ConclusionAs the proportion of digital trade in global trade continues to increase, the role of digital service trade in countries' sustainable development is becoming more prominent. To cope with such opportunities and challenges, countries, especially developing countries, should actively increase digital infrastructure construction, improve talent training, vigorously develop digital technology, and enhance their innovation capacity.
A Visualized Dynamic Prediction Model for Overall Survival in Elderly Patients With Pancreatic Cancer for Smart Medical Services
Authors: Zhong Jiang , Liao XingShu , Peng Shuang , Cao Junyi , Liu Yue , Liu Chunyang , Qiu Ju , Guan Xiaoyan , Zhang Yang , Liu Xiaozhu , Peng Shengxian 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system. The number of elderly patients with PC is increasing, and older age is related to a worse prognosis. Accurate prognostication is crucial in treatment decisions made for people diagnosed with PC. However, an accurate predictive model for the prognosis of these patients is still lacking. We aimed to construct nomograms for predicting the overall survival (OS) of elderly patients with PC.MethodsPatients with PC, older than 65 years old from 2010 to 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, were selected and randomly divided into training cohort (n = 4,586) and validation cohort (n = 1,966). Data of patients in 2016–2018 (n = 1,761) were used for external validation. Univariable and forward stepwise multivariable Cox analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors. We used significant variables in the training set to construct nomograms predicting prognosis. The performance of the models was evaluated for their discrimination and calibration power based on the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsAge, insurance, grade, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, T, N, and American Joint Commission on Cancer were independent predictors for OS and thus were included in our nomogram. In the training cohort and validation cohort, the C-indices of our nomogram were 0.725 (95%CI: 0.715–0.735) and 0.711 (95%CI: 0.695–0.727), respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year areas under receiver operating characteristic curves showed similar results. The calibration curves showed a high consensus between observations and predictions. In the external validation cohort, C-index (0.797, 95%CI: 0.778–0.816) and calibration curves also revealed high consistency between observations and predictions. The nomogram-related DCA curves showed better clinical utility compared to tumor-node-metastasis staging. In addition, we have developed an online prediction tool for OS.ConclusionsA web-based prediction model for OS in elderly patients with PC was constructed and validated, which may be useful for prognostic assessment, treatment strategy selection, and follow-up management of these patients.
County-Level Dialysis Facility Supply and Distance Traveled to Facilities among Incident Kidney Failure Patients
Authors: Velázquez Alexis F. , Thorsness Rebecca , Trivedi Amal N. , Nguyen Kevin H. 
Published: May 2022

Key Points

The number of county-level dialysis facilities has increased between 2012 and 2019.Patients in counties with no dialysis facilities traveled further to start treatment than those in counties with three or more facilities.

Background
The availability of dialysis facilities and distance traveled to receive care can impact health outcomes for patients with newly onset kidney failure. We examined recent changes in county-level number of dialysis facilities between 2012 and 2019 and assessed the association between county-level dialysis facility supply and the distance incident kidney failure patients travel to receive care.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 828,427 adult patients initiating in-center hemodialysis for incident kidney failure between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2019. We calculated the annual county-level number of dialysis facilities, and counties were categorized as having zero, one, two, or three or more dialysis facilities at the time of treatment initiation. We then measured the distance traveled between a patient’s home address and dialysis facility at treatment initiation (in miles) and evaluated the association between county-level number of dialysis facilities and distance traveled to initiate treatment.

Results
The average annual county-level number of facilities increased from 1.8 to 2.3 between 2012 and 2019. In our study period, 5% of incident adult kidney failure patients resided in a county that had zero dialysis facilities between 2012 and 2019. Compared with counties with three or more dialysis facilities, patients living in counties with no facilities in our study period traveled 14.3 miles (95% CI, 13.4 to 15.2) further for treatment.

Conclusions
Kidney failure patients in counties that had no dialysis facilities traveled further, limiting their access to dialysis. Counties with no dialysis facilities at the end of the study period were more rural and had higher poverty than other counties.
Dark-field ultrasonic imaging method using mode-converted longitudinal evanescent field
Authors: Oyabu Yota , Ohara Yoshikazu , Tsuji Toshihiro , Mihara Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We propose a dark-field evanescent imaging method to visualize surface/subsurface micro defects with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This method utilizes the mode-converted longitudinal evanescent field (MCLEF) generated at defects by the incidence of a shear (S) wave. When an incident S wave only has the in-plane displacement on the top surface of a specimen, the 2D scan of a laser Doppler vibrometer, that can only measure out-of-plane displacements, can selectively probe the MCLEF with out-of-plane displacements. Note that the MCLEF can be generated even at a defect that is much smaller than the diffraction limit. In this paper, after describing the principle of the proposed method, we prove the concept in a specimen with a hole by finite element (FE) simulation and experiments. Further FE simulations demonstrate its super-resolution imaging capability for holes of different sizes and higher SNR than a conventional method for various defect geometries.
Electric field analysis in chiral liquid crystals by Berreman’s 4 × 4 matrix method
Authors: Ozaki Ryotaro , Nakahiro Keita 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Berreman’s 4 × 4 matrix method is a standard method for the analysis of the optical properties of chiral liquid crystals such as cholesteric and ferroelectric liquid crystals. This method has been widely used to calculate transmission and reflection spectra and the density of states of chiral liquid crystals. A spatial profile of the electric field in a propagation medium is also important for fundamental research and development of optical devices, but electric field analysis by the 4 × 4 matrix method has not yet been established. We describe the calculation method of internal electric fields in liquid crystals by the 4 × 4 matrix method.
Stable reference wave generation using a repeater laser for remote digital holography
Authors: Sakuma Hiroki , Akatsuka Tomoya , Imai Hiromitsu , Arai Kaoru , Sugiyama Ryuta , Oguri Katsuya , Miyamura Takashi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We experimentally evaluate the tolerance of a repeater laser (RL) method, which generates a reference wave using a phase-locked laser. The tolerance to the optical power variation of a plane wave component in a split object wave is limited by the dynamic range of an imager to record holograms in a conventional method, whereas it is limited by that of a photodetector for phase-locking in the RL method. The RL method using a commercial imager and photodetector achieved constant high measurement accuracy under the varying range of 50 dB and 100 times higher tolerance than the conventional method.
العنف المدرسي / الأشكال _ الأسباب _ والمردودات على شخصية الطفل في مرحلة الابتدائية
Authors: أ.د. سهيلة محسن كاظم  , م.د. حذام جليل عباس  
Published: May 2022

تعد المرحلة الابتدائية من المراحل المهمة في تأثيرها على مختلف مظاهر النمو عند التلميذ كالنمو المعرفي والوجداني والاجتماعي . ان هذه المرحلة ( الابتدائية) مازالت في مجتمعاتنا بشكل عام والعراق بشكل خاص في حاجة مستمرة للمزيد من الدراسات والبحوث بهدف التطوير والارتقاء بالنظام التربوي والتعليمي . من هذا المنطق جاء البحث الحالي بهدف التعرف إلى:

اشكال العنف لدى التلاميذ وفقاً لمدركات معلمي ومعلمات المرحلة الابتدائية .
العوامل المسببة للعنف والعدوان على شخصية الطفل في المرحلة الابتدائية وبحسب مدركات معلميهم ومعلماتهم .
الكشف عن المردودات الناجمة عن العنف المدرسي في شخصية الطفل في مرحلة الطفولة كما يدركها معلمي ومعلمات المرحلة الابتدائية .
وضع تصور مقترح للآليات والتغلب على اشكال العنف واسبابه للارتقاء في التعامل والتربية داخل الاسرة وبالأداء التعليمي والتربوي داخل المدرسة والقاعة الدراسية

ولأجل تحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثتان بأعداد استبانة مكونة من عدة مجالات تبدأ بسؤال مفتوح في بدايتها ونهايتها ,اما عن مجالات الاستبانة المغلقة فقد تضمنت اربع مجالات بـ(50)فقرة موزعة بينها .
-تألف مجتمع البحث من جميع معلمي ومعلمات المرحلة الابتدائية في محافظة واسط ,اما عينته فقد شملت (200)معلماً ومعلمة موزعين على (26) مدرسة ابتدائية , بين قضاء العزيزية وقضاء الصويرة تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية قصدية .
واسفرت نتائج البحث عن :

التحصل على مجموعة من اشكال العنف لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية وفق مدركات معلميهم ومعلماتهم .
الكشف عن مجموعة العوامل المسببة للعنف والعدوان المدرسي لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية وفق مدركات معلميهم ومعلماتهم ومنها عوامل (مدرسية –اسرية ومجتمعية –وذاتية )
التوصل الى مردودات اثار العنف والعدوان على شخصية التلميذ في المرحلة الابتدائية وفقاً لمدركات معلميهم ومعلماتهم ومنها :

التعود على ايذاء الاخرين –اضعاف العلاقات والروابط الاجتماعية بين التلاميذ-توليد ردود افعال للثأر والانتقام
دور إستراتيجية التحصين من الإستلاب الفكري في تحقيق الإنتماء التربوي والنفسي لطلبة الجامعة
Authors: أ.م .الاء جميل صالح العكيلي  
Published: May 2022

مشكلة البحث واهميته Research the problem and its significance
تعرضت بعض المجتمعات إلى مشكلات وتحديات عدّة ومن بينها المجتمع العراقي الذي عانى من ويلات الحروب فألحقت به أضراراً في الجانب البشري والإقتصادي فضلاً عن الجوانب الفكرية المُتطرفة التي أدت إلى تكوين مشاعر القلق وضعف الأمن وبعض الإضطرابات النفسية.حتى وصل الأمر الى قسم من أبنائه بإصابتهم بالإستلاب الفكري.غير إن طلبة الجامعة يعدون من الشرائح الإجتماعية التي يعول عليهم الوقوف أمام تلك التحديات وعلى وجه الخصوص ممن ينتسبون الى المعرفة النفسية والتربوية والتي ينبغي أن يشعروا بالإنتماء اليها. غير إن من خلال خبرة الباحثة ودرايتها في كونها أستاذة جامعية في العلوم التربوية والنفسية إن أغلبهم باتت تدور حولهم العديد من المواقف الضبابية حول الإنتماء النفسي لهم فضلاً عن الإنتماء التربوي .من خلال ما يستدخلون من أفكار قد تكون خارج الإطار التربوي والنفسي في الجامعة جراء وسائل الإتصال الالكترونية والتقنية والتي باتت تستدخل العديد من الثقافات النفسية والتربوية المغرضة.اذ بين (بركات, 2011) إن التلوث الفكري أخطر مايواجه الفرد والمجتمع خصوصاً الشباب من أفكار منحرفة نظراً لما إلتبس على فئة قليلة منهم وقيامهم بأعمال خطرة لتبنيهم تلك الأفكارالمنحرفة بسبب ضعف المُستوى الفكري لديهم وكذلك إنسياق بعضهم وراء تلك الأفكار الهدامة والتيارات المظللة (بركات7:2011). إن ظاهرة الإستلاب الفكري تتضح بشكل واضح جراء التناقضات القيمية بين عالم الغرب الذي يختلف في قيمه ومبادئة والقيم النفسية والتربوية في الواقع التربوي والإجتماعي في العراق مما يجعل الطلبة يتأثرون بتلك الثقافات والأفكار أكثر من تأثيرهم فيها وتنتج لديهم بالنتيجة حالة عدم الرضا من عدم تلبية الحاجات الرئيسية التي يبغون تحقيقها والتطلعات التي يرنون إليها. وبالتالي يتأتى دور الإرشاد إلى علم النفس التطبيقي والذي يهدف الى مساعدة الافراد في مواجهة مشكلات الحياة اليومية (الشناوي, 13:1994).والتي تعد منها إستراتيجية التحصين الذي يسعى الى تقليل ذلك التدخل الفكري الذي يشوب الإنتماء التربوي والنفسي معاً.وإن ضمان الإنتماء التربوي والنفسي لطلبة العلوم التربوية والنفسية سيحقق المجال الواسع لنشر صورة الإنتماء الجامعي لطلبة الجامعة ككل على إعتبار إن الطلاب والطالبات الدارسين للعلوم النفسية في الواقع التربوي يؤثرون بشكل فعال على الآخرين من زملائهم .ومن خلال ماتقدم يمكن صياغة مشكلة البحث من خلال السؤال الآتي: هل يمكن إن تكون إستراتيجية التحصين من الإستلاب الفكري لها دور في تحقيق مستوى عالٍ من الإنتماء التربوي والنفسي؟
Using Deep Learning Models to Predict Prosthetic Ankle Torque
Authors: Prasanna Christopher , Realmuto Jonathan , Anderson Anthony , Rombokas Eric , Klute Glenn K. 
Published: May 2022

<p>Inverse dynamics from motion capture is the most common technique for acquiring biomechanical kinetic data. However, this method is time-intensive, limited to a gait laboratory setting, and requires a large array of reflective markers to be attached to the body. A practical alternative must be developed to provide biomechanical information to high-bandwidth prosthesis control systems to enable predictive controllers. In this study, we applied deep learning to build dynamical system models capable of accurately estimating and predicting prosthetic ankle torque from inverse dynamics using only six input signals. We performed a hyperparameter optimization protocol that automatically selected the model architectures and learning parameters that resulted in the most accurate predictions. We show that the trained deep neural networks predict ankle torques one sample into the future with an average RMSE of 0.04±0.02 Nm/kg, corresponding to 2.9±1.6% of the ankle torque’s dynamic range. Comparatively, a manually-derived analytical regression model predicted ankle torques with a RMSE of 0.35±0.53 Nm/kg, corresponding to 26.6±40.9% of the ankle torque’s dynamic range. In addition, the deep neural networks predicted ankle torque values half a gait cycle into the future with an average drop in performance of 1.7% of the ankle torque’s dynamic range. This application of deep learning provides an avenue towards the development of predictive control systems for powered limbs aimed at optimizing prosthetic ankle torque. </p>
Deep Learning for Omnidirectional Vision: A Survey and New Perspectives
Authors: Ai Hao , Cao Zidong , Zhu Jinjing , bai haotian , Chen Yucheng , Wang Lin 
Published: May 2022

<p>In this paper, we provide a comprehensive and systematic review and analysis of the recent progress in DL methods for omnidirectional vision. There are some previous surveys in the literature. However, some of them are focused on the specific vision tasks, especially room layout reconstruction, 3D scene geometry recovery. Moreover, some provide limited reviews of omnidirectional video streaming methods. <em>Unlike existing surveys, this paper highlights the importance of deep learning and probe the recent advances for omnidirectional vision, both methodically and comprehensively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the </em><em><strong>first</strong></em><em> survey to comprehensively review and analyze the DL methods for omnidirectional vision.</em><br>
</p>
<p>The main contributions of this paper to the community are five folds:</p>
<p>(I) We comprehensively review and analyze the DL methods for omnidirectional vision, including the omnidirectional imaging principle, representation learning, datasets, a taxonomy, and applications, to highlight the differences and difficulties with the 2D planner image data.</p>
<p>(II) We conduct an analytical study of recent trends of DL for omnidirectional vision, both hierarchically and structurally. Moreover, we offer insights into the discussion and challenge of each category.</p>
<p>(III) We summarize the latest novel learning strategies and potential applications for omnidirectional vision.</p>
<p>(I) We provide insightful discussions of the challenges and open problems yet to be solved and propose the potential future directions to spur more in-depth research by the community.</p>
<p>(II) We create an open-source repository that provides a taxonomy of all the mentioned works and code links, and hope it can shed light on future research.</p>
<p>The organization of this paper is structured as follows. In Sec.2, we introduce the imaging principle of ODI, convolution methods for omnidirectional vision, and some representative datasets. In Sec.3, we review and analyze the existing DL approaches for various tasks and provide taxonomies to categorize the relevant papers. Sec.4 covers novel learning paradigms for the tasks in omnidirectional vision, e.g., unsupervised learning, transfer learning, and reinforcement learning. Sec.5 then scrutinizes the applications, followed by Sec. 6, where we discuss open problems and future directions. Finally, we conclude this paper in Sec. 7. Furthermore, we summarize most, if not all but representative, works (over 200 papers) in the last five years, which were published in the top-tier conferences and journals in computer vision/graphics and machine learning. </p>
Resistências cotidianas em defesa do “bem viver”: o caso da comunidade Lapa, no sertão cearense
Authors: De Castro Cunha Roberta , Pinheiro Barbosa Lia 
Published: May 2022

This article discusses contradictions involving social and territorial conflicts generated by a large-scale public water project, the communities affected by this project, and how they resisted this process, considering the historical context involving the development model imposed by capitalism in Latin America and government regulation, especially contemporary strategies to deterritorialize peasant groups. We examine the struggle by farmers in the Lapa community for the recognition of their territory and against violations of their rights after the construction of the Figueiredo dam in Potiretama, Ceará, Brazil. In our analysis, Latin American social theory and the sociology of conflicts dialog with empirical data obtained from interviews and bibliographic/documentary research conducted in 2018-2020. The farmers in Lapa were seen to utilize various forms of resistance: collective organization, activation of collective identities, occupations, social mobilizations, and maintenance of the traditional way of life. We conclude that the peasantry includes groups that resist and fight in the countryside against the fallacy of “a better life” in defense of “living well”.elocation-id: e2230112Received: 10.07.2021 • Accepted: 03.28.2022 • Publicado: 05.20.2022Original article / Blind peer review / Open access