bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<p>Is there any association between consanguinity and hearing
loss</p>
Authors: Bener A , Eihakeem AA , Abdulhadi K 
Published: September 2022

Background: Hearing loss (HL) and its complications appear to be increasingly
common in developing countries. Previous studies have supported the association between
hearing loss and consanguinity. Objective: The aim of the present study was to
determine the frequency of hearing loss and its association with consanguinity among a
Qatari population. In addition, correlation between hearing loss and Rhesus (Rh) blood
groups has been investigated. Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Setting: The
study was conducted at the Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation.
Subjects: Total sample of 2800 infants screened and 2277 subjects were eligible to be
included in the study. Methods: The neonatal screening for hearing loss was
conducted from January 2003 to November 2003 among all the 2800 infants born during that
period. Some of them were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The hearing
loss was screened using otoacoustic emission (Garson Stadler Incorporation, GSI-70),
auditory brain stem responses (ABR) and tympanogram. Results: Out of 2277 infants
screened, the prevalence of hearing loss was (119/2277) 5.2%. The prevalence of HL was
more common in boys (2.7%) than in girls (2.5%). We did not find any statistical
significant differences between genders with the respect of HL. Parental consanguinity
was more common among HL cases compared with non-HL 60.5% versus 25.3% (p < 0.0001).
Family history of hearing loss did not show any differences between the two groups. 4.2%
versus 4.3%. Risk factors like caesarean section, prenatal smoking and prenatal high
blood pressure did not show any significant differences between the two groups. However,
admission to NICU is associated with increase prevalence of HL, 8.4% versus 4.4% (p =
0.043). The present study revealed that strong correlation between hearing loss,
consanguineous (r = 0.217, p < 0.01), father education level illiterate (r = 0.293, p
< 0.01), mothers consanguineous (r = 0.206, p < 0.01), mothers educational level
illiterate (r = 0.228, p < 0.01), mother blood group positive (r = 0.476, p <
0.01), family history of HL among first or second degree of relatives (r = 0.620, p <
0.01) and father hypertension (r = 0.570, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant
correlation between hearing loss and Rh blood groups has been discovered.
Conclusion: The present study was directed at determining the prevalence and risk
factors of HL in the infant population of Qatar. The data revealed that parental
consanguinity was more common among hearing loss cases. There is a strong correlation
between hearing loss and the baby’s age. Published courtesy of:Int J Pediatr
Otorhinolaryngol. 2005;69(3): 327-333
<p>Childhood deafness poses problems in developing
countries</p>
Authors: Olusanya BO , Luxon LM , Wirz SL 
Published: September 2022

Childhood deafness is an important disorder globally affecting more than 62
million children younger than 15 years. Two thirds reside in developing countries.
Although many studies have been reported on the aetiology of deafness, the age/mode of
detection and intervention in many developing countries is unknown. Our
questionnaire based study of 363 parents of children attending the only public schools
for the deaf in Lagos, Nigeria, with a total enrolment of 429, showed that parents were
predominantly (81%) the first to suspect or detect hearing difficulty in their children.
Parental suspicion occurred mostly at 12-24 months, compared with 8-14 months in
developed countries. Only 12% suspected hearing difficulty by age 6 months. The
commonest mode of detection was a child’s failure to respond to sound (49%).
Speech/language defects or unintelligible speech were least associated with hearing
difficulty (1%). As in developed countries, doctors were most commonly consulted for
help (77%). However, most children (80%) were not provided with hearing aids even where
appropriate, granted that cochlear implantation was improbable. Parents were often told
that their children were ‘slow starters’ and would outgrow the speech delays, only to be
enrolled in schools for the deaf when this optimism failed. Ironically, only 6% were so
enrolled by age 6 years (mean age of enrolment 10.3 years). This protracted delay
especially for the 363 hearing parents may be indicative of their preference for spoken
rather than sign language after initial denial and grief. Screening the hearing of
newborn babies allows prompt detection of congenital and early onset deafness, for
optimal development of speech and language development. Until such a programme becomes
available, doctors should follow the lead from parental suspicion especially as part of
ongoing surveillance to detect children with late onset deafness. The World Health
Organization’s current initiatives for affordable hearing aids and support services in
developing countries should encourage the development of auditory-verbal intervention
services. Published courtesy of:BMJ 2005; 330:480-481
Wellbore Solution for Mechanical Formation Damage Control During Oil Flow Through Infinite Permeability-Pressure-Sensitive Reservoirs
Authors: Fernandes F. B. , Braga A. M. B. , Souza A. L. S. , Soares A. C. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:
Analytical solutions for the nonlinear hydraulic diffusivity equation (NHDE) to model the oil flow through permeability pressure-sensitive reservoirs still constitutes a challenge for formation evaluation engineers and geoscientists. This work develops analytically a new integro-differential solution for the NHDE for oil flow in permeability-pressure-sensitive reservoirs with instantaneous point-source. A set of pore pressure and permeability values for two sandstones samples in an offshore reservoir from Brazil is obtained experimentally using the geomechanical elastic parameters e.g. the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio in addition to an uni-axial cell. These data are used as input in the computational code to run the analytical model and evaluate the reservoir permeability change. After these data input, the model runs and it allows users to compute the instantaneous reservoir permeability values over the well-reservoir life-cycle. The model calibration is performed with a numerical porous media oil flow simulator which is widely used in the reservoir engineering and formation evaluation literature. The accuracy, easy implementation and the low computational costs constitute the main advantages related to the developed model. Therewith it may be a useful and attractive mathematical tool to support the well-reservoir performance management.

1 INTRODUCTION
Pressure transient analysis (PTA) has an important role in oil industry to provide several well-reservoir information, e.g., formation damage, permeability change, reservoir characterization and management, flow regimes identification, flow potential forecast and reservoir extension.
In this context, minimizing the economic impairments caused by the permeability loss effect during the well-reservoir life-cycle is essential to prevent premature wells abandonment and field disinvestments. Several analytical solutions for the hydraulic diffusivity equation (HDE) in poro-elastic reservoirs with constant permeability are available in the petroleum engineering literature (Peres et al., 1989; Chin et al., 1998). Although, there are many lacks in the scientific literature to deal with the source term solution in the right hand side of the NHDE.
Often, the classical solutions for these cases are developed through Fourier and Laplace transform or Boltzmann transformation (Fernandes, 2021a,b; Fernandes et al., 2021; Fernandes, 2022; Fernandes et al., 2022). Green’s functions (GF’s) are widely used in to solve partial differential equations related to transient phenomena related to heat transfer and flow through porous media problems.
Application of Fracture Injection Test, Rate Transient Analysis, and Pearson Correlation in Niobrara and Codell Formations to Evaluate Reservoir Performance in a Northern DJ Basin
Authors: Mindygaliyeva B. , Bekbossinov N. , Kazemi H. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:
This paper presents an assessment of well drilling strategy and the associated hydraulic fracture stimulation for a field in the Northern DJ Basin, Colorado. The paper is rich in data related to well orientation, completion, and production over a ten-year period from an unconventional field. Shale formations have very low permeabilities; however, multistage hydraulic fracturing stimulates the rock matrix by inducing micro- and macro-cracks; thus, improving formation drainage. Subsequently, rate transient analysis (RTA) of production data determines the quality of well stimulation. RTA emanates from single-phase linear-flow theory using rate-normalized-pressure versus (Equation) of the production data; however, RTA also extends to multiphase flow. RTA yields the effective formation permeability (EFP) and, occasionally, hydraulic fracture conductivity (HFC). Additionally, we used an iterative Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN) model to interpret diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFIT) for the unstimulated formation permeability. Finally, we used 21 variables to generate a ‘correlation map’ of various reservoir performance measures: well s pacing, lateral length, number of perforations, total stimulation fluid injected, amount of sand placed, sand mesh size, quantity of p roduced oil, gas, and water. The variables that yielded the strongest positive correlation coefficients were well spacing, produced oil and gas volumes, 20/40 sand, acid additives, EFP, and HFC.

1. INTRODUCTION
The Shale formations are denoted as ‘tight’ reservoir plays with low, nano-Darcy, matrix permeabilities where pore-size distribution is in the nanometer higher frequencies (Luo, 2018). Because of low matrix permeability, the maturation of the organic matter takes place in the source rock and the resultant distribution of hydrocarbon components also remains within the source rock with little outward migration. Formations with such characteristics are designated ‘unconventional reservoir’.
There is a continued demand for hydrocarbon production due to the global energy demand and population growth. Fortunately, innovations in the technological sector of the oil and gas industry has provided effective means of oil and gas recovery from such tight formations (Kazemi et al., 2015). Contribution of unconventional reservoirs is significant in maintaining the balance in the energy market (Cui, 2015).
PENGANGGURAN DAN POTENSI EKONOMI KREATIVE MADURA
Authors: Akh. Fawaid  , Ahmad Rajaul Masrur  , HASANAH USWATUN 
Published: September 2022

Jembatan Suramadu yang membentang dan mempertemukan pulau Madura dengan Surabaya, belum sepenuhnya mampu menyedot jumlah pengangguran di Madura. Buktinya, jumlah pengangguran yang terdapat di empat Kabupaten di Madura, masih sangat tinggi. Sementara disisi lain, Madura memiliki potensi ekonomi kreative yang cukup banyak. Baik kuliner, hasil karya maupun seni budaya yang berpotensi dijual.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode diskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini digunakan, untuk mengetahui secara utuh permasalahan tingginya pengangguran dan potensi ekonomi kreative yang bisa dikembangkan untuk menjawab solusi tingginya pengangguran di Madura. Sumber data berupa wawancara bebas ter-arah. Yang diperkuat dengan beberapa literature yang ada.
Implementasi Ujrah Tenaga Kerja Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Ud Hsn Desa Konang Galis Pamekasan
Authors: Fahrurrozi  
Published: September 2022

Ekonomi Islam mengatur tata cara pembayaran upah yang diberikan oleh majikan kepada pekerja dengan prinsip kemanusian dimana antar majikan dengan tenaga kerja harus saling menguntungkan. UD HSN merupakan salah satu pabrik pembuatan petis yang ada di Desa Konang Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan. Permasalahan yang menjadi kajian pokok dalam penelitian ini, yaitu, Bagaimana implementasi ujrah tenaga kerja yang diterapkan pada UD HSN di Desa Konang Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: implementasi ujrah tenaga kerja pada UD HSN perspektif ekonomi Islam sudah memenuhi syarat pemberian upah dalam ekonomi Islam yaitu upah harus jelas dan ada kesepatan bersama mengenai besaran upah, sistem upah, sistem kerja, dan lain sebagainya. Namun jika berbicara mengenai prinsip upah dalam ekonomi Islam yaitu upah yang adil, layak, dan tidak menunda- nunda pembayaran masih belum sepenuhnya terpenuhi di UD HSN dikarenkan pada pekerja bagian sopir dan pengemasan, upah yang diterima masih di bawah UMK Pamekasan.
Strategi Penjualan Produk Jajanan Lokal Berbahan Ubi Oleh Siswa Ma. Arrahmah Jadddung Pragaan Sumenep Dalam Mempengaruhi Minat Beli Konsumen Menghadapi Persaingan Produk Impor
Authors: Lutfiyanto  , Ach. Hisyam Rizky Setiawan AB  
Published: September 2022

Bahan-bahan makanan menjadi perhatian utama dalam membuat makanan enak dan bergizi. Makanan biasanya dihasilkan dari bahan pangan setelah terlebih dahulu diolah atau dimasak. Sedangkan yang termasuk makanan tradisional adalah makanan (termasuk jajanan) dan minuman serta bahan-bahan campuran (ingredient) yang secara tradisional telah digunakan dan berkembang di daerah atau masyarakat.
Di Indonesia sendiri banyak terdapat bahan makanan tradisional yang beraneka ragam. Namun saat ini pola konsumsi masyarakat mulai banyak berubah, semakin maraknya makanan modern semakin menurun pula tingkat konsumsi makanan tradisional di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan banyaknya produk olahan makanan modern, seperti makanan cepat saji (fast food) sehingga sebagian masyarakat lebih memilih makanan modern dibanding makanan tradisional agar lebih bergengsi untuk disajikan. Makanan modern dapat disajikan dengan cepat, selain itu tampilannya juga sangat menggiurkan dan pengolahannya biasanya menggunakan alat – alat yang canggih, berbeda dengan makanan tradisional yang cara penyajiannya tergolong lama. Hal tersebut yang menyebabkan banyak penjual makanan tradisional yang mengganti produk penjualannya menjadi makanan modern. Akan tetapi tetap ada penjual makanan yang tetap bertahan menjual makanan tradisional.
Namun di tangan siswa madrasah aliyah Arrahmah Jaddung Pragaan Sumenep. Bahan-bahan makanan berbahan lokal, seperti ubi, talas, singkong, jagung, dan lainnya diolah menjadi makanan modern. Seperti steak ubi, kue gulung ubi, kripik singkong cokelat, martabak nasi jagung, sempol nasi, dan agar agar nasi jagung. Namun untuk menarik minat pembeli, strategi penjualan menjadi prioritas dalam mengembangkan penjualan tersebut. Sehingga model-model penjualan harus didesain sesuai dengan bangsa pasar.
The Social Status of Publishers of Learned Texts in Europe, 1560–1630
Authors: Maclean Ian 
Published: September 2022

Early modern authors, whose social status might either have been expressed through, or defined by, the books they produced, had to rely on publishers in the world of literature and learning to which they aspired. These figures came from quite diverse social origins, underwent very different levels of training, ranging from the most demanding scholarly preparation for dealing with sophisticated ancient and humanist texts, to a quite modest grasp of their own vernacular, the commercial aspects of their trade, and nothing more. They might also have been authors and scholars in their own right. As creators of books, it fell to them to fulfil the functions of choosing copy, liaising with its author or editor, ensuring the material production of the book, storing it, advertising it, selling it and distributing it. This involved them in occupying an uncomfortable intermediate position between three areas of activity: the artes mechanicae of the printshop; ‘correction’ or the scholarly vetting of books; and profit-making mercantilism that was traditionally seen as ideologically incompatible with the objects of learning and culture that their authors produced. This paper subjects these issues to a Bourdieusian analysis.
‘Greatness going off’ in Renaissance Antony and Cleopatra Tragedies
Authors: Patterson Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

The suicides of Antony and Cleopatra afforded the Renaissance dramatist various angles on what Shakespeare called ‘Greatness going off’. Renaissance Antony and Cleopatra tragedies in France and England pointedly thematised how the great failed to preserve the dignity of their rank and office in life, and how they fell short of securing personal posthumous renown in death. Antony and his Egyptian queen found themselves unexpectedly upstaged by social inferiors. Renaissance tragedians noted the irony of Antony’s incompetent imitation of his slave, Eros, who took his own life rather than his master’s in a ‘most noble acte’ of disobedience (Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke). Cleopatra’s death, meanwhile, is unceremoniously delayed by a rebel ‘serf’, her treasurer (Etienne Jodelle); it is then facilitated by a garrulous ‘clown’ and a pair of loyal maids, one of whom almost beats the queen out of ‘this vile world’ (Shakespeare). The incongruities are manifest: what is said about Antony’s magnanimity, or Cleopatra’s alluring charms, is noticeably at odds with what is shown of their remorse, clumsiness, even physical debility, as they struggle to prevent their greatness going off. Culturally, Renaissance Antony and Cleopatra tragedies were in tune with the political–religious crises of their day; but they also sounded deeper notes of an aristocracy in slow decline.
Cloud Empires
Authors: Lehdonvirta Vili 
Published: September 2022

The rise of the platform economy into statelike dominance over the lives of entrepreneurs, users, and workers.
The early Internet was a lawless place, populated by scam artists who made buying or selling anything online risky business. Then Amazon, eBay, Upwork, and Apple established secure digital platforms for selling physical goods, crowdsourcing labor, and downloading apps. These tech giants have gone on to rule the Internet like autocrats. How did this happen? How did users and workers become the hapless subjects of online economic empires? The Internet was supposed to liberate us from powerful institutions. In Cloud Empires, digital economy expert Vili Lehdonvirta explores the rise of the platform economy into statelike dominance over our lives and proposes a new way forward.
Digital platforms create new marketplaces and prosperity on the Internet, Lehdonvirta explains, but they are ruled by Silicon Valley despots with little or no accountability. Neither workers nor users can “vote with their feet” and find another platform because in most cases there isn't one. And yet using antitrust law and decentralization to rein in the big tech companies has proven difficult. Lehdonvirta tells the stories of pioneers who helped create—or resist—the new social order established by digital platform companies. The protagonists include the usual suspects—Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, Travis Kalanick of Uber, and Bitcoin's inventor Satoshi Nakamoto—as well as Kristy Milland, labor organizer of Amazon's Mechanical Turk, and GoFundMe, a crowdfunding platform that has emerged as an ersatz stand-in for the welfare state. Only if we understand digital platforms for what they are—institutions as powerful as the state—can we begin the work of democratizing them.
Genome‐Wide Association Studies in Schizophrenia
Authors: Mowry Bryan J , Periyasamy Sathish 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic disabling neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairment, dramatically increased mortality rates and severe morbidity. Though details are uncertain, causative factors include a highly polygenic predisposition and environmental exposures. The last decade has seen rapid progress in identifying an expanding number of genetic variants with the application of ever‐larger genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Most recently, the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) GWAS revealed 287 genomic loci strongly associated with disease. In a companion paper, the Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta‐Analysis (SCHEMA) consortium discovered ultra‐rare coding variants in 10 genes. These latest data, together with previous copy number variant data provide convincing evidence that schizophrenia is primarily a disorder of neuronal structure and function, especially the synapse. For the first time, genes and variants likely to be causal have been identified, thereby delivering a vital resource for mechanistic studies.

Key Concepts

Schizophrenia is a chronic neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder with high mortality and morbidity.

The polygenic genetic architecture of schizophrenia consists of hundreds perhaps thousands of commonly occurring variants each having a very small effect on disease risk, and a smaller number of rare structural and ultra‐rare variants of larger effect.

To date, 287 genome‐wide significant loci (each tagged by a common variant) have been discovered in an international PGC sample of unprecedented size (
n
∼ 77 000 cases; ∼244 000 controls).

In addition, 8 rare copy number variants and 10 genes each containing ultra‐rare variants have been observed by PGC (
n
∼ 41 000 individuals) and SCHEMA (
n
∼ 24 000 cases, 97 000 controls) respectively to be robustly associated with schizophrenia.

Many more variants await discovery. Larger sample sizes are needed, particularly those drawn from non‐European populations.

While most common variants will exist across all ancestries, some rare variants will be ancestrally specific.

Robust schizophrenia associations cluster in genes highly expressed in the brain, not in other body tissues.

Schizophrenia associations are concentrated in neurons, not microglia.

Schizophrenia associations converge on the structure (pre‐ and postsynaptic components) and function (organisation, differentiation, and signalling) of the synapse.

The evidence base of prioritised genes and variants now exists for (1) further developing polygenic risk prediction, (2) advancing mechanistic studies and (3) establishing the foundation of personalised interventions and therapeutics.
Advancing the Electrochemistry of Gas‐Involved Reactions through Theoretical Calculations and Simulations from Microscopic to Macroscopic
Authors: He Yanzheng , Liu Sisi , Wang Mengfan , Ji Haoqing , Zhang Lifang , Cheng Qiyang , Qian Tao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNowadays, gas‐involved electrochemical reactions, such as carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), have gradually become viable solutions to the global environmental pollution and energy crisis. However, their further development is inseparable from the in‐depth understanding of reaction mechanisms, which are incredibly complicated and cannot be satisfied by experiments alone. In this context, theoretical calculations and simulations are of great significance in establishing composition–structure–activity relationships, providing priceless mechanistic discernment and predicting prospective electrocatalysts and systems. Among them, density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and finite element simulation (FES) are emerging as three mature theoretical tools. This paper presents a review of the basic principles and research progress of DFT, MD, and FES to deepen the understanding of CO2RR, NRR, and HER. Some remarkable work around theoretical calculations and simulations are highlighted, including the utilization of DFT to investigate the intrinsic properties of catalysts and MD or FES to restore the whole reaction systems from different temporal and spatial scales. Eventually, to sum up, forward‐looking insights and perspectives on the future optimizations and application modes of the three computational techniques to compensate for their shortcomings and limitations are presented.