bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers
Authors: Duffner Clara , Kublik Susanne , Fösel Bärbel , Frostegård Åsa , Schloter Michael , Bakken Lars , Schulz Stefanie 
Published: February 2022

SummaryStimulating litho‐autotrophic denitrification in aquifers with hydrogen is a promising strategy to remove excess NO3−, but it often entails accumulation of the cytotoxic intermediate NO2− and the greenhouse gas N2O. To explore if these high NO2− and N2O concentrations are caused by differences in the genomic composition, the regulation of gene transcription or the kinetics of the reductases involved, we isolated hydrogenotrophic denitrifiers from a polluted aquifer, performed whole‐genome sequencing and investigated their phenotypes. We therefore assessed the kinetics of NO2−, NO, N2O, N2 and O2 as they depleted O2 and transitioned to denitrification with NO3− as the only electron acceptor and hydrogen as the electron donor. Isolates with a complete denitrification pathway, although differing intermediate accumulation, were closely related to Dechloromonas denitrificans, Ferribacterium limneticum or Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis. High NO2− accumulation was associated with the reductases' kinetics. While available, electrons only flowed towards NO3− in the narG‐containing H. taeniospiralis but flowed concurrently to all denitrification intermediates in the napA‐containing D. denitrificans and F. limneticum. The denitrification regulator RegAB, present in the napA strains, may further secure low intermediate accumulation. High N2O accumulation only occurred during the transition to denitrification and is thus likely caused by delayed N2O reductase expression.
Membrane adaptation in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus relies upon a novel strategy involving glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraether lipids
Authors: Tourte Maxime , Schaeffer Philippe , Grossi Vincent , Oger Philippe M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMicrobes preserve membrane functionality under fluctuating environmental conditions by modulating their membrane lipid composition. Although several studies have documented membrane adaptations in Archaea, the influence of most biotic and abiotic factors on archaeal lipid compositions remains underexplored. Here, we studied the influence of temperature, pH, salinity, the presence/absence of elemental sulfur, the carbon source and the genetic background on the lipid core composition of the hyperthermophilic neutrophilic marine archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Every growth parameter tested affected the lipid core composition to some extent, the carbon source and the genetic background having the greatest influence. Surprisingly, P. furiosus appeared to only marginally rely on the two major responses implemented by Archaea, i.e. the regulation of the ratio of diether to tetraether lipids and that of the number of cyclopentane rings in tetraethers. Instead, this species increased the ratio of glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGT, aka. H‐shaped tetraethers) to glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers in response to decreasing temperature and pH and increasing salinity, thus providing for the first time evidence of adaptive functions for GMGT. Besides P. furiosus, numerous other species synthesize significant proportions of GMGT, which suggests that this unprecedented adaptive strategy might be common in Archaea.
Oil dependence and access to water and sanitation in African countries: Does the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative matter?
Authors: Tadadjeu Sosson , Njangang Henri , Ningaye Paul , Nourou Mohammadou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of oil dependence on access to water and sanitation in 49 African countries, with data covering the period 1996–2015. Additionally, it investigates as a first attempt how the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) affects the relationship between oil dependence and access to water and sanitation. Using the two‐step system generalized method of moments, the results show that oil dependence is negatively associated with access to water and sanitation, both for the total population and urban and rural populations, respectively. Considering the difference between oil abundance and oil dependence, we find that both oil abundance and oil dependence are negatively associated with access to water and sanitation. Finally, the results illustrate that the EITI mitigates the negative effect of oil dependence on access to water and sanitation in resources rich African countries.
Incidental researchers: Investigating islands from the inside out
Authors: Teasdale Jennifer I , Teasdale G Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis commentary describes the experience of two researchers who have chosen to move permanently to a small island and become fully involved in its social, cultural, economic, political, and intellectual life. Describing themselves as incidental researchers, the commentary outlines their research approaches and methodologies. The research is variously longitudinal, historical, interdisciplinary, ethnographic, intergenerational, and comparative. It uses a wide variety of techniques, both singly and in combination, including journaling and record keeping, observation, social networking, narrative and art, interviews, documentary analysis, and more. The challenge of maintaining objectivity is addressed. Real‐life examples are provided. As independent researchers, free from institutional constraints, we seek holistic engagement that benefits individuals and groups within our island community and adds to the growing body of knowledge about islands and islandness.
Repositioning and market power after airline mergers
Authors: Li Sophia , Mazur Joe , Park Yongjoon , Roberts James , Sweeting Andrew , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe estimate a model of route‐level competition between airlines who choose whether to offer nonstop or connecting service before setting prices. Airlines have full information about all quality, marginal cost, and fixed cost unobservables throughout the game, so that service choices will be selected on these residuals. We conduct merger simulations that allow for repositioning and account for the selection implied by the model and the data. Accounting for selection materially affects the predicted likelihood of repositioning and the predicted magnitude of post‐merger price changes, and it allows us to match what has been observed after consummated mergers.
Influence of Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Foundation's Research Training Grant on postaward academic federal funding
Authors: Chang Andrew K. , Lee Sangil , Le Rachel , Ata Ashar , Harland Kari , Khan Ayesha , McMillan Melissa , Mohr Nick ,   Academic Emergency Medicine Grants Committee
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to measure the impact of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Foundation's (SAEMF) Research Training Grant (RTG) by comparing academic success in grant recipients versus non‐recipient applicants. Our primary outcome was subsequent federal funding as a principal investigator (PI) or multiple principal investigator (MPI). Our secondary outcomes included subsequent K‐award funding, R‐series funding, R01 funding, and academic productivity measured by first author peer‐reviewed publications.MethodsThe authors examined all SAEMF RTG applicants from 2002 through 2019 (n = 109). Data were collected using the National Institutes of Health RePORTER database, a literature search using PubMed, and an online survey sent to all RTG applicants. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.ResultsOver 18 years, 18 of 109 (16.5%) RTG applicants were awarded by SAEMF. Subsequent federal funding as PI or MPI was obtained by 11 of the 18 RTG recipients compared to 29 of the 91 nonrecipients (61% vs. 33%, RR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2–3.1). The RTG award was also associated with increased probability of receiving a federal Career Development Award (K‐series) (RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1–3.9) and R‐series award (RR 2.0; 95% CI 1.1–3.9) but not an R01 award (RR 2.1; 95% CI 0.8–5.3). The median number of first‐authored peer reviewed manuscripts did not differ between RTG award recipients (14, IQR 8,44) and nonrecipients (14, IQR 6,30) (p = 0.5) though RTG recipients had a higher percentage of their publications as a first author (49% vs. 33%, p = 0.04).ConclusionsSAEMF RTG awards were associated with increased probability of future federal funding, including career development awards and R‐series awards but not R01 awards. RTG recipients also had a higher percentage of their peer reviewed publications as first author.
Association of the native parasitic nematode Deladenus proximus with individuals and populations of the native woodwasp Sirex nigricornis
Authors: van Nouhuys Saskya , Harris David C. , Stephen Fred M. , Galligan Larry D. , Hajek Ann E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Parasitic stages of the North American native dimorphic nematode Deladenus proximus develop within larvae of the native North American siricid Sirex nigricornis and sterilize many of the eggs in adult females. Sirex nigricornis were reared from felled trees or trapped in Arkansas and Louisiana in 2017–2019 and parasitism by D. proximus was evaluated.
Deladenus proximus parasitized 0.16–0.43 of S. nigricornis individuals, among sites and years. Parasitized males were smaller than healthy males, and more males were parasitized than females emerging from the same trees.
Rate of parasitism increased with increasing S. nigricornis density per tree, and, as per tree density increased, so did the proportion that was male.
Egg sterilization (woodwasp eggs killed and inhabited by nematodes) was partial, with an average proportion of 0.66–0.88 woodwasp eggs sterilized by D. proximus per female S. nigricornis, differing significantly by site. As the numbers of eggs in a female increased, the proportion of eggs sterilized declined.
Comparing data from this study with others, a trend is reported for variable levels of egg sterilization in Sirex females, with 0 or 100% sterilization often occurring in novel host/parasite associations and partial (averages between 50% and 100%) sterilization occurring when host/parasite associations have co‐evolved.
Governing beyond capacity
Authors: CHAHIM DEAN 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTHow are disasters made into routine, even banal parts of everyday life? In Mexico City the spatiality and temporality of disasters have become an object of dynamic governmental manipulation. The city's water engineers use a vast drainage tunnel system to strategically transform what would otherwise be catastrophic flooding of the city center into a slow‐moving, spatially diffuse, and ultimately routine environmental problem for the poor on the urban periphery. Furthermore, to prevent unrest, the engineers deliberately modulate flooding within the thresholds of what populations can perceive and bear. This technopolitical work, which I callcalibration, has emerged as a crucial means of governing beyond capacity, of maintaining social control even amid the unfolding of a disaster that has exceeded a government's capacity to prepare for or prevent. [disaster,government,engineering,infrastructure,flooding,water,space,temporality,Mexico]
A 2‐year prospective clinical and bone density evaluation, with a subset undergoing radiostereometric analysis, using the Absolut cemented stem
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Nivbrant Nils O. , Petrov Victoria , Yates Piers , Wood David J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is common though the investigation of new prostheses requires a practical, step‐wise introduction. This study reports the 2‐year clinical results and periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) changes, along with a subset undergoing Radiostereometric analysis (RSA), in patients undergoing primary cemented THA using a new highly polished, double tapered, collarless femoral stem (Absolut).MethodsBetween August 2013 and December 2016, 47 patients with a mean age of 74.2 years (range 36–89) underwent 51 THAs with the Absolut. All patients underwent clinical assessment pre‐surgery and at 6 weeks, 3, 12 and 24 months using the Oxford and Harris Hip Scores, as well as Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) to assess BMD within 2–4 weeks post‐surgery, 12 and 24 months. RSA was undertaken in a patient subset (the first n = 30) early post‐surgery (1–2 days) and 3, 12 and 24 months.ResultsAll clinical scores significantly improved (p < 0.05). RSA revealed a mean subsidence of 0.78 mm at 3 months, 1.23 mm at 12 months and 1.51 mm at 24 months. Anterior–posterior and medial‐lateral translation was negligible. A significant increase (p = 0.020) in BMD was observed in Gruen zone 1, though no significant changes were observed for any other zone up until 2 years. Two patients acquired an early post‐operative deep vein thrombosis that were treated accordingly and resolved, with no further complications or re‐operations.ConclusionThe Absolut cemented femoral stem demonstrated good outcomes, BMD changes consistent with sound prosthesis integration and patterns of post‐operative micromotion observed in other successful cemented stems.
Efficient estimation of partially linear tail index models using B‐splines
Authors: Ma Yaolan , Wei Bo 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe tail index is an important parameter in extreme value theory. In this paper, we consider a simple yet flexible spline estimation method for partially linear tail index models. We approximate the unknown function by B‐splines and construct an approximate log‐likelihood function to estimate the coefficients of the linear covariates and the B‐spline basis functions. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators are established. Subsequently, the proposed method is illustrated by using simulations and applications to the Fremantle annual maximum sea levels data and Chicago air pollution data.
Properties of the affine‐invariant ensemble sampler's ‘stretch move’ in high dimensions
Authors: Huijser David , Goodman Jesse , Brewer Brendon J. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryWe present theoretical and practical properties of the affine‐invariant ensemble sampler Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. In high dimensions, the sampler's ‘stretch move’ has unusual and undesirable properties. We demonstrate this with an n‐dimensional correlated Gaussian toy problem with a known mean and covariance structure, and a multivariate version of the Rosenbrock problem. Visual inspection of a trace plots suggests the burn‐in period is short. Upon closer inspection, we discover the mean and the variance of the target distribution do not match the known values, and the chain takes a very long time to converge. This problem becomes severe as n increases beyond 50. We also applied different diagnostics adapted to be applicable to ensemble methods to determine any lack of convergence. The diagnostics include the Gelman–Rubin method, the Heidelberger–Welch test, the integrated autocorrelation and the acceptance rate. The trace plot of individual walkers appears to be useful as well. We therefore conclude that the stretch move should be used with caution in moderate to high dimensions. We also present some heuristic results explaining this behaviour.
Laparoscopic resection for imatinib‐resistant recurrent tumors of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A case report
Authors: Sekiguchi Naoko , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Kurokawa Yukinori , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Yamashita Kotarou , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn 82‐year‐old woman underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy for fundal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in a previous hospital. She visited our hospital for the treatment of recurrence, because two nodules, one each on the gastric suture line and in the peritoneum of the left diaphragm, were pointed out. Imatinib therapy was immediately initiated, and the size of both nodules decreased. However, the one on the gastric suture line showed regrowth after 4 years, which was eventually diagnosed as imatinib‐resistant GIST. Hence, laparoscopic partial gastrectomy with peritoneal imatinib‐sensitive nodule resection was subsequently performed. Pathologically, the nodule on the gastric suture line was confirmed as a GIST, whereas the other was diagnosed as a hyaline‐degenerated GIST. Surgical intervention for imatinib‐resistant GISTs has been reported to improve the outcomes of recurrent GISTs. Laparoscopic resection of localized imatinib‐resistant GISTs could safely and less invasively be performed in this case; however, caution should be paid to the indication of the approach.
Can nebulised HepArin Reduce morTality and time to Extubation in patients with COVID‐19 Requiring invasive ventilation Meta‐Trial (CHARTER‐MT): Protocol and statistical analysis plan for an investigator‐initiated international meta‐trial of prospective randomised clinical studies
Authors: van Haren Frank M. P. , Laffey John G. , Artigas Antonio , Page Clive , Schultz Marcus J. , Cosgrave David , McNicholas Bairbre , Smoot Thomas L. , Nunes Quentin , Richardson Alice , Yoon Hwan‐Jin , van Loon Lex M. , Ghosh Angajendra , Said Simone , Panwar Rakshit , Smith Roger , Santamaria John D. , Dixon Barry ,   CHARTER Collaborative Research Group
Published: February 2022

There is significant interest in the potential for nebulised unfractionated heparin (UFH), as a novel therapy for patients with COVID‐19 induced acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure requiring invasive ventilation. The scientific and biological rationale for nebulised heparin stems from the evidence for extensive activation of coagulation resulting in pulmonary microvascular thrombosis in COVID‐19 pneumonia. Nebulised delivery of heparin to the lung may limit alveolar fibrin deposition and thereby limit progression of lung injury. Importantly, laboratory studies show that heparin can directly inactivate the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, thereby prevent its entry into and infection of mammalian cells. UFH has additional anti‐inflammatory and mucolytic properties that may be useful in this context.Methods and interventionThe Can nebulised HepArin Reduce morTality and time to Extubation in Patients with COVID‐19 Requiring invasive ventilation Meta‐Trial (CHARTER‐MT) is a collaborative prospective individual patient data analysis of on‐going randomised controlled clinical trials across several countries in five continents, examining the effects of inhaled heparin in patients with COVID‐19 requiring invasive ventilation on various endpoints.Each constituent study will randomise patients with COVID‐19 induced respiratory failure requiring invasive ventilation. Patients are randomised to receive nebulised heparin or standard care (open label studies) or placebo (blinded placebo‐controlled studies) while under invasive ventilation. Each participating study collect a pre‐defined minimum dataset. The primary outcome for the meta‐trial is the number of ventilator‐free days up to day 28 day, defined as days alive and free from invasive ventilation.
Impact of conditioning regimen intensity on the outcomes of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma patients undergoing allogeneic transplant
Authors: Savani Malvi , Ahn Kwang W. , Chen Yue , Ahmed Sairah , Cashen Amanda F. , Shadman Mazyar , Modi Dipenkumar , Khimani Farhad , Cutler Corey S. , Zain Jasmine , Brammer Jonathan E. , Rezvani Andrew R. , Fenske Timothy S. , Sauter Craig S. , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Herrera Alex F. , Hamadani Mehdi 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThere have been no large studies comparing reduced‐intensity/non‐myeloablative conditioning (RIC/NMA) to myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens in T‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (T‐NHL) patients undergoing allogeneic transplant (allo‐HCT). A total of 803 adults with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, anaplastic large cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (age 18–65 years), undergoing allo‐HCT between 2008–2019 and reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research with either MAC (n = 258) or RIC/NMA regimens (n = 545) were evaluated. There were no significant differences between the two cohorts in terms of patient sex, race and performance scores. Significantly more patients in the RIC/NMA cohort had peripheral blood grafts, haematopoietic cell transplantation‐specific comorbidity index (HCT‐CI) of ≥3 and chemosensitive disease compared to the MAC cohort. On multivariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was not significantly different in the RIC/NMA cohort compared to the MAC cohort (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79–1.29; p = 0.95). Similarly, non‐relapse mortality (NRM) (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.61–1.19; p = 0.34), risk of progression/relapse (HR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.98–1.70; p = 0.07) and therapy failure (HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.92–1.41, p = 0.23) were not significantly different between the two cohorts. Relative to MAC, RIC/NMA was associated with a significantly lower risk of grade 3–4 acute graft‐versus‐host disease (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.46–0.99, p = 0.04). Among chemorefractory patients, there was no difference in OS, therapy failure, relapse, or NRM between RIC/NMA and MAC regimens. In conclusion, we found no association between conditioning intensity and outcomes after allo‐HCT for T‐cell NHL.
Macroeconomic policy coordination and the European business cycle: Accounting for model uncertainty and reverse causality
Authors: Beck Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study established the relationship between macroeconomic policy coordination and business cycle synchronization, considering a dynamic panel framework that accounts for model uncertainty and reverse causality. The results show that uncoordinated fiscal policy is a source of idiosyncratic shocks, but coordinated monetary policy leads to business cycle divergence. Furthermore, ongoing monetary integration is going to be associated with lower business cycle synchronization. Establishing fiscal union can mitigate this effect by eliminating a source of asymmetric shocks associated with fiscal policy differences, and provide a substitute for independent monetary policy in the form of interregional transfers.