bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptococcal Laryngitis
Authors: Myer Ashley B. , File Thomas M. , Kellermier Harry C. , Myers Joseph P. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Cryptococcus neoformans infects immunocompromised and occasionally noncompromised individuals. Cryptococcus neoformans can cause primary localized laryngitis often associated with inhaled corticosteroid therapy. We report a woman with cryptococcal laryngitis who presented with hoarseness and resultant difficulty singing in her church choir.

Case Description
A 75-year-old asthmatic woman had a 1-year history of hoarseness and difficulty singing in her church choir. The medications are as follows: inhaled mometasone/formoterol, inhaled montelukast, and pantoprazole. She cleans her gutters without mask protection. The examination showed only hoarseness of voice. Strobovideolaryngoscopy revealed nodule on right true vocal cord. Biopsy revealed budding yeasts with a mucicarmine-positive capsule compatible with Cryptococcus species. She was treated with oral fluconazole 400 mg daily and her voice dramatically improved at 6-week follow-up.

Discussion
Laryngeal cryptococcosis is a localized form of cryptococcal disease. It was first reported in 1975. This is the 33rd reported case of cryptococcal laryngitis. We herein review the literature.
Mycobacterium simiae Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Khajavinia Faezeh , Sheybani Fereshte , Nazeri Niloofar , Haddad Mahboubeh 
Published: November 2022

Background
Globally, the overall incidence of infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria and their burden of illness have been steadily increased during the last decade. Although a rare entity, Mycobacterium simiae is among the most common slow-growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria in some geographic regions, including Iran.

Methods
We analyzed individuals who were diagnosed with pneumonia due to M. simiae between March 2004 and September 2019 in Mashhad, Iran. All patients were followed up for their survival until the end of the study. We described the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features as well as long-term clinical outcomes of patients with pneumonia due to M. simiae.

Results
The mean age of patients with M. simiae infection was 63 years (interquartile range, 48–71 years), and 12 cases (71%) were female. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 17.6 months. Sixteen patients (94%) were initially misdiagnosed as pneumonia due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lung radiography revealed bronchiectasis in 14 (82%), nodules in 12 (71%), and cavities in 8 (47%), with bilateral involvement in 13 (77%) and upper and middle zones involvement in 5 (29%). All patients were treated with a 3-drug combination of clarithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ofloxacin or moxifloxacin. At a median period of 21-month follow-up, 5 patients (29%) had incomplete or lack of response to treatment, of whom 2 (13%) died.

Conclusions
Delayed diagnosis is common in M. simiae pulmonary disease due to frequent misdiagnosis with pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment of M. simiae infection is associated with a high rate of treatment failure and poor outcomes. More extensive pulmonary disease at the time of diagnosis and pretreatment with antituberculous medication due to initial misdiagnosis might affect treatment outcome.
Reducing the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Across the Lifespan
Authors: Schaffner William 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections, which often involve mild, upper respiratory illness, but can cause severe morbidity and mortality across the lifespan. Respiratory syncytial virus is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States and of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than 1 year of age. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, among adults, RSV ranked second only to influenza as a cause of medically significant respiratory illnesses. The economic burden of RSV is substantial, with estimated annual costs for RSV-related hospitalizations exceeding $3 billion in young children and adults. Despite this burden, RSV remains an underappreciated public health concern. Diagnosis of RSV infection is limited by the absence of accurate, rapid, cost-effective, point-of-care tests for adults. In addition, there are currently no RSV vaccines or treatments approved for use across the lifespan. Strategies to reduce the burden of RSV infections may include: (1) increase RSV awareness and education, (2) strengthen RSV public health surveillance and related policies, and (3) increase support for RSV research and innovation. Surveillance systems are needed to understand the true burden of RSV in at-risk populations. The need for improved diagnostic tests and RSV prevention and treatment options remains great. Appropriate use of interventions will rely on raising awareness among health care professionals about the broad clinical spectrum and impact of RSV infection. Using these strategies can reduce the burden of RSV in communities, with a focus on protecting children and older adults who are at greatest risk for RSV infection.
Management of complicated parapneumonic effusions
Authors: Sultan Sahar , Gupta Ena , Benzaquen Sadia 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Approximately 36–57% of cases of pneumonia are associated with a parapneumonic effusion (PPE). It begins as sterile effusion, which can quickly evolve to a fibrinopurulent stage with evidence of infection called complicated parapneumonic effusions (CPPE). Marked fibrinous organization then follows. This study focuses on literature synthesis on management of CPPE.

Recent findings
Ultrasound has become an indispensable tool in the identification and treatment of CPPE. Prompt antibiotic administration remains the universal standard of care. Decision to drain the fluid is based on fluid staging, characterization and assessment of risk of poor outcomes vs. risk of complications. There is growing evidence to support use of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) in case of loculated effusions. Newer areas of research include antibodies against plasminogen activator inhibitors and stratification scores that can identify patients at an increased risk. Lastly, timing of surgical referral is an important area under study.

Summary
Evolution of medical therapy over recent years has increased treatment success rates. Use of IPFT in conjunction to thoracostomy is now the standard of care for loculated effusions. Understanding available therapeutic options, both medical and interventional, can ensure evidence-based practice and improve patient-centred outcomes.
Risk factors and mortality of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: Evidence based on fifty observational studies
Authors: Fu Zhaoliang , Bai Gengshen , Song Bingsheng , Wang Yongbing , Song Hui , Ma Ming , Zhu Junqiang , Zhang Zejun , Kang Qinghong 
Published: November 2022

Background:
At present, many studies have described acute pulmonary embolism (PE) as a frequent and prognostically relevant complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Thus we performed the present analysis of 50 studies to evaluate the risk factors and mortality of PE in COVID-19 patients.

Method:
Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched to October, 2021. Odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD) or standard MD was used to evaluate the outcomes. The primary outcomes were the difference of mortality between PE and non-PE COVID-19 patients as well as relevant risk factors of PE in COVID-19 patients. All statistical analyses were performed using the standard statistical procedures provided in Review Manager 5.2.

Result:
A total of 50 studies including 10053 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Our results indicated that COVID-19 patients with PE experienced significantly higher mortality than non-PE patients (21.9% vs. 10.7%), with a pooled OR of 2.21 (95% CI 1.30 – 3.76; P = .003). In addition, COVID-19 patients with PE also experienced more mechanical ventilation (MV) (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.30 – 3.75; P = .003) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (OR 3.58; 95% CI 2.47 – 5.20; P < .0001) respectively. Univariate analysis (UVA) results indicated the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, time to deep venous thrombosis (DVT), nonintensive care unit (non-ICU) patients and no anticoagulation as risk factors of PE for COVID-19 patients. In addition, multivariate analysis also found that SOFA score, D-dimer, BMI > 30 kg/m2 and history of PE were risk factors of PE for COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion:
The present analysis indicated that PE increased the mortality of COVID-19 patients. Mechanical ventilation, especially invasive mechanical ventilation, is correlated with an increased incidence of PE in patients with COVID-19. The incidence of PE for COVID-19 patients may be multifactorial and further researches focused on risk factors were needed in the future.
Is early laparoscopic cholecystectomy after clearance of common bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography superior?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Kun , Xiao Linking , Xiang Jifeng , Huan Lu , Xie Wei 
Published: November 2022

Background:
With medical advancement, common bile duct stones were treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), considered the standard treatment. However, ERCP might induce complications including pancreatitis and cholecystitis that could affect a subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), leading to conversion to open cholecystectomy perioperative complications. It is not yet known whether or not the time interval between ERCP and LC plays a role in increasing conversion rate and complications. Bides, in the traditional sense, after ERCP, for avoiding edema performing LC was several weeks later. Even no one study could definite whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy after ERCP affected the prognosis or not clearly.

Objective:
Comparing some different surgical timings of LC after ERCP.

Method:
Searching databases consist of all kinds of searching tools, such as Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, etc. All the included studies should meet the demands of this meta-analysis. In all interest outcomes below, we took full advantage of RevMan5 and WinBUGS to assess; the main measure was odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence. Moreover, considering the inconsistency of the specific time points in different studies, we set a subgroup to analyze the timing of LC after ERCP. For this part, Bayesian network meta-analysis was done with WinBUGS.

Result:
In the pool of conversion rate, the result suggested that the early LC group was equal compared with late LC (OR = 0.68, I
2 = 0%, P = .23). Besides, regarding morbidity, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (OR = 0.74, I
2 = 0%, P = .26). However, early LC, especially for laparoscopic-endoscopic rendezvous that belonged to performing LC within 24 hours could reduce the post-ERCP pancreatitis (OR = 0.16, I
2 = 29%, P = .0003). Considering early LC included a wide time and was not precise enough, we set a subgroup by Bayesian network, and the result suggested that performing LC during 24 to 72 hours was the lowest conversion rate (rank 1: 0%).

Conclusion:
In the present study, LC within 24 to 72 hours conferred advantages in terms of the conversion rate, with no recurrence of acute cholecystitis episodes.
The anesthetic management of a patient undergoing simultaneous open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and coronary artery bypass grafting: A case report
Authors: Wang Xu’an , Ma Jun , Dong Xiuhua , Bai Yang , Zhang Dongni 
Published: November 2022

Rationale:
Surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and concomitant severe coronary artery disease (CAD) is usually managed in a staged procedure. The anesthesia for concurrent surgery is rare and complex. In this report, we present an unusual case of undergoing simultaneous open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Patient concerns:
A 70-year-old male AAA patient with concurrent triple-vessel CAD underwent a simultaneous surgery.

Diagnosis:
The patient underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) and coronary angiography. He was diagnosed with AAA and triple-vessel CAD.

Interventions:
The patient underwent simultaneous surgery.

Outcomes:
The patient underwent anesthesia and surgery smoothly and was discharged on the 13th postoperative day.

Lessons:
The anesthetic management of simultaneous open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and coronary artery bypass grafting is rare and complicated. Reasonable operation and anesthesia protocols, close monitoring and management of hemodynamic changes, and appropriate cell salvage and hemostasis measures are of great significance to increase perioperative safety and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
The Hirsch-index in self-citation rates with articles in Medicine (Baltimore): Bibliometric analysis of publications in two stages from 2018 to 2021
Authors: Liu Mei-Yuan , Chien Tsair-Wei , Chou Willy 
Published: November 2022

Background:
The Hirsch-index (h-index) is a measure of academic productivity that incorporates both the quantity and quality of an author’s output. However, it is still affected by self-citation behaviors. This study aims to determine the research output and self-citation rates (SCRs) in the Journal of Medicine (Baltimore), establishing a benchmark for bibliometrics, in addition to identifying significant differences between stages from 2018 to 2021.

Methods:
We searched the PubMed database to obtain 17,912 articles published between 2018 and 2021 in Medicine (Baltimore). Two parts were carried out to conduct this study: the categories were clustered according to the medical subject headings (denoted by midical subject headings [MeSH] terms) using social network analysis; 3 visualizations were used (choropleth map, forest plot, and Sankey diagram) to identify dominant entities (e.g., years, countries, regions, institutes, authors, categories, and document types); 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to differentiate outputs between entities and stages, and the SCR with articles in Medicine (Baltimore) was examined. SCR, as well as the proportion of self-citation (SC) in the previous 2 years in comparison to SC were computed.

Results:
We found that South Korea, Sichuan (China), and Beijing (China) accounted for the majority of articles in Medicine (Baltimore); ten categories were clustered and led by 3 MeSh terms: methods, drug therapy, and complications; and more articles (52%) were in the recent stage (2020–2021); no significant difference in counts was observed between the 2 stages based on the top ten entities using the forest plot (Z = 0.05, P = .962) and 2-way ANOVA (F = 0.09, P = .76); the SCR was 5.69% (<15%); the h-index did not differ between the 2 collections of self-citation inclusion and exclusion; and the SC in the previous 2 years accounted for 70% of the self-citation exclusion.

Conclusion:
By visualizing the characteristics of a given journal, a breakthrough was made. Subject categories can be classified using MeSH terms. Future bibliographical studies are recommended to perform the 2-way ANOVA and then compare the outputs from 2 stages as well as the changes in h-indexes between 2 sets of self-citation inclusion and exclusion.
Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation in the treatment of limb motor dysfunction after ischemic stroke: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xie Hongyu , Gao Zhiqun , Fan Yinqiu , Shi Jie , Tang Youbin , Cha Bixiang , Shen Rong , Xu Pingping , Yuan Aihong 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Motor dysfunction is a common sequela of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to explore the effective treatment of ischemic stroke by combining acupuncture and modern rehabilitation training.

Methods:
This study was a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 90 cases were finally included, divided into 45 cases each in the body acupuncture group and the head acupuncture group.

Interventions:
Both groups received basic drug treatment, modern rehabilitation training, and basic life care guidance; the body acupuncture group was treated with reference to acupuncture points from the classic textbook of acupuncture and moxibustion, and the head acupuncture group was given Zhu’s scalp acupuncture treatment based on the body acupuncture group. Primary outcome index: unassisted muscle strength grading scale; secondary outcome index: assessment of activities of daily living; simplified Fugl–Meyer motor function rating scale.

Results:
The Barthel scale score, Manual Muscle Testing scale score (upper and lower limbs), and simplified Fugl–Meyer scale score (upper and lower limbs) in the 2 groups were improved (P ≤ .05), and the efficacy of the head-acupuncture group was better than that of the body-acupuncture group (P ≤ .05); there was no significant improvement in the simplified Fugl–Meyer scale (hand) score in both groups (P ≥ .05). There was no significant improvement in these scores (P ≥ .05). The difference in efficiency between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P ≤ .05), and the apparent efficiency in the cephalic needle group was higher than that in the body needle group (P ≤ .05).

Conclusions:
Simultaneous treatment with Zhu’s scalp acupuncture and body acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation training can significantly improve limb motor function in patients with ischemic stroke, and its efficacy is better than that of body acupuncture alone combined with modern rehabilitation training.
Comparative analysis on the effect of the endoscopic versus conventional treatment for pilonidal sinus: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Chen Sihan , Dai Guangyao , Liu Peng , Zhao Xian , Zhang Jie , Yang Chengpeng , Xu Xin , Wang Liwei , Chen Wen , Wang Mingxiang , Zhang Dian 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Pilonidal sinus is a common disease in the sacrococcygeal region. Although many treatments have been described in recent years, the recurrence of each method remains high. Surgeons did not reach a consensus on the preferred approach for pilonidal sinus. We carried out a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials comparing the outcomes of endoscopic treatment versus conventional treatment for pilonidal sinus disease in this study.

Methods:
We performed a systematic literature search, and we used electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane library to search for the relevant literature comparing endoscopic management to other conventional treatments for pilonidal sinus disease. The primary outcome parameters were operative time, recurrence, postoperative complications and pain, and total healing time.

Results:
Six studies were included in the review. Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment had a lower overall complication rate than the conventional surgery group (risk ratio = 0.33 [0.19–0.58], P = .0001) and lower pain score with a weighted mean difference of −2.44 (95% confidence interval: (−3.96) to (−0.92), I
2 = 99%, P = .002). There was no significant difference in recurrence (risk ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [0.30–1.90],P = .55). Compared to the excision followed by the primary closure technique, the operation time, time to complete wound healing, and satisfaction were similar.

Conclusions:
Endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment is a unique and potential method of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease treatment. The foremost benefits of this technique are mild postoperative pain, lower complications rate, and return to routine for a shorter time. However, due to the limited number of articles, we need to conduct more rigorous large-sample prospective randomized controlled trials to clarify the efficiency of endoscopic treatment for pilonidal cysts.
Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine Buzhong Yiqi decoction for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiang Kemeng , Yang Jingfan , Liu Weitong , Chen Limin , Hou Huiming , Zhou Xing , Li Jinlei 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a disorder of bone metabolism caused by estrogen deficiency in women after menopause, which manifests clinically as pain, spinal deformities, and even fragility fractures, affecting the quality of life of patients and possibly shortening their life span. Traditional Chinese medicine prescription Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (BZYQD) has been widely used in clinical practice and achieved good results. But there is no high-level evidence to support this result. The aim of this study is to evaluate BZYQD’s efficacy and safety in the management of PMOP.

Methods:
We will search articles in 7 electronic databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, Chinese databases SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. All the publications, with no time restrictions, will be searched without any restriction on language and status, the time from the establishment of the database to September 2022. Two reviewers will independently assess the quality of the selected studies, NoteExpress and Excel software will be used to extract data, and the content will be stored in an electronic chart. Different researchers will separately screen the titles and abstracts of records acquired potential eligibility which comes from the electronic databases. Full-text screening and data extraction will be conducted afterward independently. Statistical analysis will be conducted using RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:
This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of BZYQD in the treatment of PMOP, to provide high-quality, evidence-based clinical recommendations.

Conclusion:
The study provides a trustable clinical foundation for BZYQD in the treatment of PMOP.
Clinical interventions to increase vegetable intake in children
Authors: Beals Elizabeth , Deierlein Andrea , Katzow Michelle 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Eating behaviors and dietary patterns begin in early childhood and persist into adolescence and adulthood, affecting lifelong acute and chronic disease risk. Vegetables provide a high density of necessary vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Dietary intake data show that children of all ages consume below the recommended range for vegetables. Pediatric providers are optimally positioned to promote vegetable intake in childhood. This review seeks to summarize lessons learned from behavioral interventions useful in the pediatric primary care setting to improve vegetable intake.

Recent findings
Ten published studies tested behavioral interventions in primary care to increase child vegetable intake. Strategies tested include teaching healthy eating behaviors and role modeling to parents of infants, and motivational interviewing paired with frequent office visits and reminders for families of older children and adolescents. Some strategies suggested positive change, despite study quality being limited by underpowered samples, heterogeneity of outcome measures, and statistical analytic approach.

Summary
Increased vegetable intake was achieved in infants through parental role-modeling when providers emphasized healthy dietary choices in parents. Older children increased their vegetable intake with motivational interviewing and frequent reminders from providers. Despite the high prevalence of inadequate vegetable intake among children, at present, there is only a modest body of literature to help guide pediatric providers in implementing practice-based interventions to improve vegetable intake in childhood, highlighting a need for high-quality research in this area.