bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“BAHASA SIMALUNGUN ATAS” CURRENT EXISTENCE AND ITS REVITALIZATION
Authors: Saragih Willem 
Published: July 2022

There are at least three categories of language in the world wide: local language, national language and international language. Of the three categories, the least attention paid by the government is to its nation’s local languages. This lack of care results in language endangerment which has been the focus of much attention over the past few decades, and as a result a wide range of people are now working to revitalize and maintain local languages. Bahasa Simalungun Atas (BSA), a sub-dialect of Bahasa Simalungun which is used in the upper part of Simalungun territory, is endangered too. Despite the not too many native speakers of the language it is an important asset to Indonesian people as a nation of over six hundred local languages, though. Therefore, the language needs to be revitalized or it will gradually disappear. This paper attempts to provide some information about the situation and condition of Bahasa Simalungun Atas at present so as to draw more attention of the competent parties for its revitalization. For that purpose, current existence of the language, some factors causing the language endangerment, as well as well as how the language can be revitalized are presented. Key Words: language endangerment, Bahasa Simalungun Atas (BSA), existence, revitalization
ANALISIS KARYA LUKIS SENIMAN WANITA SUMATERA UTARA DITINJAU DARI SUDUT IDE (KONSEP) DAN GAYA (CORAK) PENAMPILAN KARYA
Authors: Saragi Daulat 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan suatu kajian atau analisis ide dan gaya seniman wanita, dikaji apakah ide dan gaya lukisannya memiliki relevansi dengan sifat dan kepribadian wanita umumnya. Tujuan utama yang akan dicapai bagaimana sebenarnya wanita mengekspresikan emosinya lewat media lukisan. Data yang diperoleh dari data studi pustaka, dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi selanjutnya dianalisis dengan dengan menggunakan metode Hermeneutik atau Interpretasi, Induksi-Deduksi dan Deskripsi. Hasil yang ditemukan adalah bahwa wanita dalam meluapkan emosinya cenderung dengan simbol-simbol atau mengungkapkan secara langsung dengan perantaraan makna-makna yang sungkan untuk diungkapkan yakni dalam bentuk warna dan gambar. Terbukti bahwa wanita pun memiliki konsep dan gaya yang sama dengan lukisan-lukisan pria baik dalam warna maupun objek lukisan. Kelembutan, keramahtamahan, lemah gemulai dan sifat wanita yang terlanjur disebutkan sebagai sifatnya, ternyata dalam ide dan konsep karya malah sebaliknya. Kekerasan, pemberontakan dan ledakan-ledakan ternyata menjadi sifat wanita ketika berhadapan dengan kanvas. Kata Kunci : Seniman Wanita, Ide, Gaya
DIRECTNESS IN POLITENESS OF INDONESIAN CHILDREN’S REQUESTS
Authors: Syahrin Elvi 
Published: July 2022

The role of politeness in social interaction and conversation has been an important topic in sociology and conversational studies. Politeness has become a highly prolific research field in linguistics (Hickey & Stewart 2005). However a comprehensive study has rarely been done on the politeness in children, particularly in Indonesian children. This article is a research-based study that combines pragmatics and speech act issues in language acquisition frame. The study deals with politeness in Indonesian children’s requests in written language. Basing the study on actual written requests produced by children at the age of 9 up to 12 years old, it was found that; (1) the children promote largely direct strategies in their requests to the Bobo magazine, (2) the directness level varies with increasing imposition of children’s requests. The findings indicate the fact that Indonesian children are able to perform politeness in their interaction to others. This findings also call for further study on politeness dealing with subject at different age periods e.g. adolescence, as age factor bears some influence on investigation on these matters. Key word: Directness, politeness, children, requests
ANALISIS NOVEL “LINTANG BADAI” KARYA TOETI SENJA (KAJIAN STRUKTURALISME GENETIK)
Authors: Hutagalung Trisnawati 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menderkripsikan makna strukturalisme genetik dalam novel “Lintang Badai” karya Toeti Senja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari kajian ini analisis unsur intrinsik seperti tema dan amanat, alur, penokohan, lata, sudut pandang dan gaya bahasa. Struktur sosial budaya dalam novel ini menggambarkan keluarga priyayi yang masih memegang teguh pada aturan-aturan keningratan. Pandangan dunia pengarang dalam novel ini memandang novel merupakan gambaran dari kehidupan. Kehidupan yang membudaya seperti budaya priyayi. Seorang priyayi merupakan golongan masyarakat berdarah biru yang masih dihormati dalam suku Jawa terutama di Yogyakarta. Sopan santun dan rasa hormat yang selalu dijunjung tinggi oleh keluarga priyayi masih tergambar jelas dalam novel ini. Kata Kunci : Strukturalisme Genetik, Analisis Novel, Lintang Badai.
KATA KERJA ETRE DALAM BAHASA PRANCIS
Authors: Sembiring Pengadilen 
Published: July 2022

Dalam sistem tata bahasa Prancis, kata kerja être merupakan kata kerja yang sering dihubungkan dengan kata kerja avoir. Bentuk dan fungsi kedua dua buah kata kerja tersebut sangat penting untuk diketahui. Seorang pelajar tingkat pemula bahasa Prancis tidak akan dapat berbahasa Prancis dengan baik dan benar jika tidak mampu membedakan bentuk dan fungsi kedua kata kerja tersebut. Bentuk kata kerja yang dimaksud adalah tasrif kata kerja yang meliputi modus verba dan kala verbanya. Sebagai contoh bentuk kedua kata kerja tersebut pada modus indicatif kala présent : être (je suis, tu es, il/elle/on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils/elles sont) dan avoir (j’ai, tu as, il/elle/on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils/elles ont). Kemudian fungsi dari kata kerja tersebut juga masing-masing berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya. Atas dasar inilah pembahasan tentang kata kerja être akan dibahas secara gamblang dalam artikel ini. Kata Kunci : kata kerja, être, fungsi.
PENERAPANMETODE EKSPOSITORI BERVARIASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS KARYA ILMIAH
Authors: Lubis Hajar Aswaddaini 
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan menulis karya ilmiah siswa dengan menggunakan strategi pembelajaran ekspositori yang divariasikan dengan metode peer review writing task. Objek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Negeri 43 medan kelas IX-6 yang berjumlah 41 orang. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK).Pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan melalui dua siklus yang terdiri dari tahap -tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, tindakan, observasi,dan refleksi. Strategi pembelajaran ekspositori variasi adalah suatu strategi pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru untuk mengajak siswa aktif dan dituntun untuk dapat mengkomunikasikan ide -ide dibenak siswa ke dalam bentuk tulisan melalui karya ilmiah yang disusun siswa. Padasiklus I kemampuan menulis karya ilmiah siswa berjumlah menjadi 23 orang artinya sekitar 58% siswa sudah memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimal. Pada siklus II peneliti memvariasi strategi pembelajaran ekspositori dengan metode peer review writing task. Di siklus kedua ini siswa dibagi menjadi sepuluh kelompok. Dengan pembagian kelompok ini aktivitas siswa semakin meningkat. Di siklus kedua kemampuan menulis karya ilmiah siswa menjadi sekitar 30 orang atau sekitar 73%.Kata Kunci : menulis, strategi pembelajaran,ekspositori, variasi,metode, peer review writing task.
Pengembangan metode context clues untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca mahasiswa Jurusan pendidikan bahasa inggris Universitas negeri medan
Authors: NURAN ADE AINI , SUSWATI RITA 
Published: July 2022

Membaca merupakan proses memperoleh makna dari barang cetak. Ada dua cara yang ditempuh pembaca dalam memperoleh makna dari barang cetak : (1) langsung, yakni menghubungkan ciri penanda visual dari tulisan dengan maknanya, dan (2) tidak langsung, yakni mengidentifikasi bunyi dalam kata dan menghubungkannya dengan makna (Spodek dan Saracho dalam Ahmad Rofi‟uddin, dkk, 2001: 31). Dalam mengajarkan keterampilan membaca dibutuhkan metode yang mampu memotivasi minat pembelajar, karena membaca merupakan salah satu dari empat keterampilan yang harus dikuasai mahasiswa bahasa Inggris UNIMED, selain keterampilan menulis, menyimak dan berbicara. Context Clues merupakan metode pengajaran yang memudahkan mahasiswa menebak kata tanpa membuka kamus, cukup melihat konteks yang diberikan. Dalam mempelajari Literal Reading, tujuan pembelajaran yaitu melatih mahasiswa agar kompeten dalam mengidentifikasi kata pada wacana dan memahami makna kata berdasarkan konteks dan mampu menemukan gagasan utama dan memahami informasi tersirat dari sebuah teks, metode Context Clues sejalan dengan tujuan pembelajaran Literal Reading. Kata Kunci : membaca, metode Context Clues, bahan ajar Literal Reading
FAMOUS PEOPLE MODEL ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING
Authors: Sih Sumar , Husein Rahmad , Dewi Nora Ronita 
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to find out whether using Famous People Model in writing descriptive can improve students’ achievement in writing descritive text. It was conducted by using experimental research. The population of consisted of 4 classes. Two classes were taken as the sample by using random sampling technique. The class X-1 was as experimental group and X-2 was as the control group. The experimental group was taught by using Famous People Model, otherwise control group was taught by using conventional technique. The instrument for collecting data was writing test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result shows that Famous People Model has a significant effect on students achievement in writing descriptive text. The result shows that the t-observed is higher than t-table (3.102 > 2.024 (α-0.05)) with the degree of freedom (n) = 20. Therefore,Famous People Model significantly affects on the students’ ability in writing descriptive text.
Fenomena Bahasa terbalik Bahasa Prancis
Authors: Wete Polili Andi 
Published: July 2022

Abstrak Bahasa Argot mempunyai pola pembentukan yang unik dan beragam, contohnya bahasa terbalik / verlan.Fenomena bahasa tebalik yang dalam bahasa prancis dikenal dengan sebutan Verlan berkembang pesat terutama dikalangan anak muda Prancis. Bahasa Verlan merupakan bahasa khusus yang digunakan dalam suatu kelompok untuk dapat saling mengerti.Pada mulanya bahasa Verlan dianggap bahasa marginal karena digunakan pada kalangan pingiran(les banlisard) tetapi seiring berjalannya waktu dan perkembangan bahasa itu sendiri, bahasa Argot terutama verlan/ bahasa terbalik menjadi trend dan ada suatu prestise dikalangan anak muda Prancis ketika menggunakan bahasa Verlan. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Ruymen(2005) yang mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pola penggunaan bahasa terbalik yaitu Verlan. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan korpus yang didapat dari lagu,film,puisi maupun dari buku teks bahasa Prancis. Contoh kata femme dan flic berubah menjadi bahasa terbalik/ verlan meuf dan keuf. Kata Kunci: bahasa terbalik, verlan, prancis, anak muda, argot
ANALISIS PENERAPAN MODEL VCT (VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE) OLEH GURU DALAM MENGEMBANGKANNILAI KARAKTER PADA PEMBELAJARANTEKS EKSPLANASI SISWA KELAS XISMA NEGERI11 MEDAN TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/ 2019
Authors: Hasibuan Sari Rahmadani , Arif Syamsul 
Published: July 2022

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan model VCT (Value Clarification Technique) yang dilakukan oleh Ibu Ismi Hidayani, S.Pd. selaku guru di SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Model pembelajaran VCT merupakan suatu teknik pengajaran untuk membantu siswa dalam mencari danmenentukan suatu nilai yang dianggap baik dalammenghadapi suatu persoalan melalui proses menganalisisnilai yang sudah ada dan tertanam dalam diri siswa. Model pembelajaran VCT terdiri dari enam tahapan yaitu: penentuan stimulus, penyajian stimulus, penentuan posisi, menguji alasan, penyimpulan dan pengarahan serta tindak lanjutan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan data-data penelitian yang ada. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara, catat lapangan dan dokumentasi. Hasil yang didapatkan oleh Ibu Ismi Hidayani, S.Pd dari penelitian ini untuk tahapan menerapkan model VCT yaitu 18 langkah dari 19 langkah yang ada dengan persentase mencapai 77%. Dalam kegiatan pengembangan karakternya, guru menerapkan 24 langkah dari 40 langkah yang ada dengan persentase mencapai 91,15%. Kata Kunci: Analisis, Model Pembelajaran VCT, Guru, Teks Ekspalani, Karakter.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Membaca Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Pendekatan Genre Untuk Siswa Kelas X Jurusan Tata Kecantikan SMK Pariwisata Imelda Medan
Authors: Ginting Teresa Erganita , Marbun Elinda , Kalsum Kalsum 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the development of reading materials for class X of Beauty Program at SMK Pariwisata Imelda Medan, (2) to describe the process of developing reading materials using Genre-based approach for class X of Beauty Program, (3) designing the reading materials using genre-based approach for class X of Beauty Program.This development research is compiled based on the research design of Borg, Gall & Gall (2003) which is simplified into 6 stages, such as: (1) gathering information, (2) data analysis, (3) design new materials, (4) validation of product development, ( 5) Revision of product development, (6) Final Products. This data is obtained through observation, interviews, validation, and questionnaires. The data analysis was taken from the English book and interviews were summarized, main things were selected and focused on important things, while in the questionnaire and validation sheet the steps included: converting qualitative data to quantitative, then grouping the results into various components.Keywords: English reading materials, Genre Based Approach, Vocational High SchoolAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan gambaran awal pengembangan bahan ajar membaca kelas X jurusan Tata Kecantikan di SMK Pariwisata Imelda Medan, (2) mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan bahan ajar membaca yang didesain berdasarkan pendekatan berbasis Genre untuk SMK kelas X jurusan Tata Kecantikan di SMK Pariwisata Imelda Medan, (3) mendesain pengembangan bahan ajar membaca berdasarkan pendekatan berbasis Genre untuk SMK kelas X jurusan Tata Kecantikan,. Penelitian pengembangan ini disusun berdasarkan desain penelitian Borg, Gall & Gall (2003) yang disederhanakan menjadi 6 tahapan, yaitu: (1) Pengumpulan informasi, (2) Analisis Data, (3) Pengembangan Produk, (4) Validasi hasil pengembangan produk, (5) Revisi hasil pengembangan produk, (6) Produk Akhir. Data ini diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, validasi, dan kuisioner. Analisis data pada telaah buku bahasa Inggris serta wawancara dirangkum, dipilih hal-hal pokok dan difokuskan kepada hal-hal penting, sedangkan pada kuisioner maupun lembar validasi langkah-langkahnya meliputi: mengubah data kualitatif menjadi kuantitatif, kemudian mengelompokkan hasil pada berbagai komponen.Kata kunci: Bahan Ajar Membaca Bahasa Inggris, Pendekatan Berbasis Genre, Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder: Self-Perception of Physical Attractiveness Among Secondary School Adolescents
Authors: Kolawole Kikelomo Adebanke , Togonu-Bickersteth Funmi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study investigated body characteristics and gender differences that contribute to self-perception of physical attractiveness among adolescents. Quantitative data were collected with a questionnaire administered to 430 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years selected through a multistage sampling technique from secondary schools in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The questionnaire included the Physical Attractiveness Rating Scale (PARS) and the Physical Attribute Questionnaire (PAQ). Independent sample t-test, and Multiple Regression Analyses were used for analyses. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. The mean overall attractiveness rating on the PARS was 1.66 (SD = 0.11), with ears and face rated as the most attractive body parts. The mean attractiveness score on the PAQ was 19.34 (SD = 3.47). Male and female participants differed with self-perception of physical attractiveness on the PARS [t (428) = 3.13 p = .003]; females perceived some body characteristics, namely mouth (t = 3.52; p < .05), teeth (t = 3.04; p < .05), nose (t = 2.40; p < .05), face (t = 1.98; p < .05), hair texture (t = 2.41; p < .05), hips (t = 3.85; p < .05) and thighs (t = 2.47; p < .05) as more attractive than males. Participants’ evaluation of individual body characteristics predicted self-perception of physical attractiveness (F = 2.85, p < .05, R2 = 0.16 and Adjusted R2 = 0.10). Study concluded that evaluation of individual body characteristics influenced self-perceived physical attractiveness. Gender influenced the perception of some specific body characteristics and overall physical attractiveness among studied adolescents.
Occurrence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) in Layer Chickens in Kebbi, Nigeria
Authors: Gaddafi M. S. , Yakubu Y. , Bello M. B. , Bitrus A. A. , Musawa A. I. , Garba B. , Lawal H. , Aliyu M. A. , Barka S. A. , Emeka A. J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial use in animal production for growth enhancement or prophylaxis contributes to the development of AMR. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in poultry and farm attendants in Kebbi, North-Western Nigeria. A total of 207 cloacal and nasal swabs were randomly collected from four farms comprising 50 samples from each poultry farm and only 7 samples from farm attendants. The samples were analysed using routine bacteriological culture and identification techniques. Presumptive MRSA isolates were confirmed by PCR assay and AMR profiles of the isolates were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Of the 207 samples examined, 37.5 % (75/200) of layer birds tested positive for MRSA and 71.4 % (5/7) of farm attendants were MRSA positive. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, with an AMR index ˃ 0.3. The findings of this study indicated colonization of layer chickens and humans by multidrug resistant MRSA, thus highlighting the potential role of poultry sources of transmission of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains to humans and vice versa.
Contents of Selected Elements in the Blood Serum of Broiler Chickens After Supplementation of Humic Substances
Authors: Skalická M. , Naď P. , Bujňák L. , Marcin A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of mineral substances, such as: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn); in the blood serum of broiler chicks after supplementation of humic substances. Group 1 (G1) was supplemented with 0.7 % Humac Natur Mycosorb (HNMy); G2 with
0.7 % Humac Natur Monogastric (HNM); G3 with 0.3 % HNMy; and the control group (GC) received a basal diet without any supplements. In the G2 group, the serum Ca level increased slightly compared to the other experimental groups. A statistically significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the blood serum of Mg was detected in the broilers from group G2 (0.60 mmol.l−1) and G1 (P < 0.05; 0.68 mmol.l−1) in comparison to the GC. The Zn in the blood serum of broilers from group G2 (22.05 µmol.l−1) was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in broilers from group G2 in comparison to the control group (19.47 µmol.l−1) and G1 group (19.61 µmol.l−1). The serum Cu (12.72 µmol.l−1) was significantly increased (P < 0.001) in broilers from group G2 in comparison to the GC (10.28 µmol.l−1). In the group G1 there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of the Cu in the blood serum (8.69 µmol.l−1) in comparison to the serum Cu in broilers from groups G3 (10.45 µmol.l−1) and G2 (12.72 µmol.l−1). The addition of Humac Natur Mycosorb (0.3 % and 0.7 %) in the feed caused a strong correlation in the blood serum between the Ca and Mg (r = 0.7494; r = 0.7648). The addition of 0.3 % Humac Natur Mycosorb in the feed caused a high negative correlation (r = –0.7078) in the blood serum between the Mg and Zn.
What is Reasonable? The Operation of ‘Reasonable Accommodation’ and ‘Disability’ Provisions Under The Employment Equality Acts 1998–2015
Authors: McGrath Donie , O’Sullivan Michelle 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Anti-discrimination legislation is a key policy measure used to improve employment outcomes for people with disabilities. Law though is not necessarily value-free and can be underpinned by various discourses notably the medical and social model of disability. This article examines the process and outcomes of legal complaints taken by employees against employers relating to reasonable accommodation provisions of the Employment Equality Acts 1998–2015. We find that legal claims can involve a medicalised inquiry process while a more social model is evident regarding accommodations provisions. Accommodations sought by employees overwhelming related to a modification of their role rather than the physical environment. The success rates for employee claimants in legal cases is relatively low but case law has developed the procedural obligations of employers in dealing with disability issues. The findings are based on an analysis of adjudicated decisions under the legislation and the views of expert practitioners.
Asymptotic expectation of protected node profile in random digital search trees
Authors: Javanian M. , Nabiyyi R. Imany , Toofanpour J. , Vahidi-Asl M. Q. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Protected nodes are neither leaves nor parents of any leaves in a rooted tree. We study here protected node profile, namely, the number of protected nodes with the same distance from the root in digital search trees, some fundamental data structures to store 0 - 1 strings. When each string is a sequence of independent and identically distributed Bernoulli(p) random variables with 0 < p < (

p
≠

1
2

p \ne {1 \over 2}

), Drmota and Szpankowski (2011) investigated the expectation of internal profile by the analytic methods. Here, we generalize the main parts of their approach in order to obtain the asymptotic expectations of protected node profile and non-protected node profile in digital search trees.
Seed Germination of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Depending on the Age of Seeds and Hybridization Partners
Authors: Masny Agnieszka , Kubik Jolanta , Żurawicz Edward 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Research was carried out on the germination of seeds obtained from crossings between the cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) ‘Sokolica’, ‘Willamette’, ‘Veten’, ‘Canby’ and ‘Glen Ample’ depending on the age of the seeds. The crossings were performed in the winter–spring of 2015–2018 in a heated greenhouse. The obtained seeds were stored dry in paper bags at a temperature of 4–5 °C. In January 2019, seeds were scarified and then cold stratified for 50 days and seeded in pots in a greenhouse. The seedling emergence was assessed 60 days after sowing. The seeds produced in 2015 had the lowest germination percentage (14% on average for all combinations of crosses), while the seeds produced in 2018 had a germination rate of 44.9%. Significant differences were also observed in the emergence of seedlings from different combinations. On average, the fewest seedlings were obtained from the combination ‘Glen Ample’ × ‘Willamette’ and the most from ‘Sokolica’ × ‘Willamette’.