bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Biweekly Guthion Applications with 2 Dosage Rates of Dimilin Applied with or Without Savol on 1- and 2-Week Treatment Schedules for Control of the Sugarcane Borer, 1977
Authors: Sanford J. W. , Gaudin G. R. , Reagan T. E. , Hensley S. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Guthion and Dimilin applications were made for full-season control of the sugarcane borer (SCB) in a block of first stubble crop sugarcane (variety CP 65-357) located at Fredrick Brothers Farm near Theriot, Louisiana. A randomized complete block experimental design was employed with treatments replicated 4 times. Individual plots were three 24.2 ft rows spaced 6 ft apart (0.01 acre). Each spray concentrate was applied to the sugarcane canopy in water at 30 psi with a compressed air knapsack sprayer that delivered 25 gallons of finished formulation per acre, per application. Dimilin concentrates were applied with and without a light emulsifiable oil (Savol), which was added to designated treatments at a rate of 1 pint per acre (0.50% cone). Insecticide applications were begun on June 14 after internodes were first visible above ground and when 5% of the stalks contained small SCB larvae in leafsheaths; applications were terminated August 2. Efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined at harvest-time by comparing the percent internodes bored in treated plots with that found in untreated plots. Twenty stalks were selected at random from the center row of each plot on August 30 and examined for external signs of SCB entrance and exit holes.
Control of

E

.

Hirtipennis

on Burley Tobacco with Transplant Solution Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Burley tobacco ‘Va 509’ was transplanted on June 14. Insecticides were applied in transplant water at the rate of 500 gallon total solution per acre. Plots were 200 ft long, 2 rows wide, arranged in 3 randomized complete blocks. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart; plants were spaced 14 inches within rows. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes per leaf. Counts were made on the fifth leaf of width greater than 2 inches from the top of the plant. Counts in the data table are averages of 90-leaf counts made on July 10, 24, and 31.
Control of

E

.

Hirtipennis

and

M

.

Persicae

on Dark Fire-Cured Tobacco, 1978
Authors: Pless C. D. , Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco ‘Madole’ was transplanted on June 6. All treatments were applied using 2.5 gal compressed air sprayers at 30 gal/acre. Portable CO2 tanks supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 30 psi. Spray treatments were applied on 14-day schedule for a total of 4 applications, beginning June 20. Plots were 20 ft x 2 rows, each separated from another by one untreated row. Rows were spaced 42 inches apart. Plants were spaced 36 inches within rows. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 6 ft alleys. Flea beetle damage was evaluated as feeding holes per leaf. Counts were made on the fifth leaf of width greater than 2 inches from the top of the plant. Results in the data table are averages of two 40-leaf counts made on August 1 and 22. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident infestation) to 5 (heavy infestation of entire plant with severe necrosis of lower leaf bases). Ratings in the table, made on August 22, are averages for 52 plants. Soil type was Mountview silt loam of pH 6.6.
Control of the White Grub (

Cyclocephala

SP.) Preparatory to Planting Wheat, 1978
Authors: Coppock Stanley , Pitts Terry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Population counts of Cyclocephala sp. were found in northwestern Kingfisher County, Oklahoma which exceeded 60 larvae per cubic foot of soil in late August 1978. Since its economic threshold does not exceed 2 larvae per row foot in small grains, it was necessary to devise a means of control before planting winter wheat. On September 8, 1978, two insecticides, Diazinon 14G and Furadan 10G were applied to fallow, sandy wheat ground prior to planting, then incorporated 2-4 inches with a disc. Both chemicals were applied at 1 lb, 2 lb, and 4 lb ai/acre. At the time of testing, the grub count averages 45 grubs per cubic foot. The insecticides were applied with a three foot Gandy dry fertilizer-applicator starting at 1:00 p.m.; air temperature was 85*T. The plots were 21 feet by 21 feet with a check plot of the small size. Samples were taken in the plots of 1 cubic foot of soil in each treatment on a weekly interval.
Western Spruce Budworm Control with Three Dosages of Reldan, 1977
Authors: Markin George P. , Grimble David G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reldan (Chlorpyrifos-methyl) was applied at the rate of 8 oz ai gal/acre, 4 oz ai gal/acre, and 2 oz ai gal/acre against 4 th and 5th instar larvae of the western spruce budworm in central Idaho, June 22-24, 1977. Reldan was mixed with diesel fuel, with Rhodamine dye added as a marker. It was applied by a Bell 47 helicopter equipped with 8002 flat-fan nozzle tips and flying at 45 mph and 50 ft above tree tops. Spray plots were approximately 50 acres and at 4500-5500 ft elevation. Five plots were treated at each dosage rate with 5 additional plots left untreated as checks. Populations, expressed as mean number of larvae/100 buds, were determined 24 hr before spray and at 3 intervals afterwards from 15 trees in each plot.
Phytotoxicity Test, Virginia, 1978
Authors: Schultz P. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was an evaluation of Bendiocarb 76WP at 5.0 lb ai/100 gal for phytotoxicity on 47 species and cultivars of the All America Selections Trial Garden at Virginia Beach, Virginia. A single insecticidal application was made on August 28. Approximately 1 m2 of each cultivar was treated to runoff, using a knapsack sprayer. Temperature at time of treatment was 23°C (74°F). Rainfall during the evaluation period was .5 inch on August 31. Plants were examined 1, 3, and 7 days after application.
Arbor-Vitae,

A

.

Thuiella

Control, Illinois, 1978
Authors: Appleby J. E. , Harry J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A row of arborvitae trees ca. 20 ft in height, planted ca. 8 ft apart and consisting of 25 trees was selected in DuPage County, I llinois at the Morton Arboretum because of the high incidence of arborvitae leaf-miner damage. On August 16, 1978, 15 trees which were moderately infested with leafminers were selected. One lower branch of ca. 2 ft in length was selected for treatment on each tree and marked with a metal tag. Each treatment was applied onto 5 marked branches of different trees using a 1-gallon pressurized backpack sprayer. The spray was applied until runoff. On September 11, 1978 the marked branches were pruned from the trees. The mines on each branch were examined and the number of dead and live larvae counted. Acephate treatments at 1 and 2 lb active ingredient were applied for phytotoxicity tests.
Greenhouse Ornamentals, Two-Spotted Spider Mite Control, California, 1978
Authors: Oetting Ronald D. , Morishita Frank S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 9 experimental and 2 standard acaracides for control of two-spotted spider mites. Plants were maintained in 6-inch pots on raised greenhouse benches. A treatment consisted of 1 plant and was replicated 4 times on red ti and 5 times on neanthe bella palm. Plants were sprayed to the point of runoff utilizing a hand sprayer at 60 psi and a 5002 nozzle on May 15’78. Mite counts were made before application on May 11’78 and at 7-day intervals following application by counting the number of mites (adult and immature) on 1 leaf per plant on red ti and 3 leaflets per plant on neanthe bella palm.
Pyracantha, Spirea Aphid Control, 1978
Authors: Manuel Kenneth L. , Williams Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heavy infestations of spirea aphid on ornamental plantings of pyracanrha 4-5 ft high located along campus sidewalks were selected for treatment. The aphid population, predominantly on new growth terminals, consisted of stem mothers, nymphs, and some winged adults. A pretreatment count of 444 aphids on a single 2 inch terminal was made on October 5. Each of 11 different treatments was applied to a single plant bearing at least 3 heavily infested terminals which were used as treatment replicates. A single foliar application of the test materials was made on October II. Each test plant was sprayed to runoff with compressed air sprayers. Counts were taken of live aphids on apical 2 inch of tagged terminals 1,2,5,7, and 14 days after treatment. Check counts were made on three terminals of the control plant at each of the 5 rating periods.
Scotch Pine, Zimmerman Pine Moth Control, 1978
Authors: Schuder Donald L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated against the Zimmerman pine moth between April 26 and August 14, 1978. The pine planting was located at the Purdue University Agronomy Farm north of West Lafayette, Indiana. A plot was single pine tree 8-10 ft tall. Every other tree was utilized in order to avoid spray drift. All of the treatments were of the foliar type applied with a Spartan sprayer operating at 125 psi. A randomized block design with 5 replications was used.
Control of Black Turfgrass Ataenius Larvae, 1977
Authors: Hellman John L. , Newton Perry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were applied to a golf course fairway with an approximate blend of 60% annual bluegrass and 30% Kentucky bluegrasses. Larval damage was considered to be moderate in the annual and only light in the Kentucky bluegrasses. The turf had a 1/2 inch layer of thatch and the precounts taken on Aug 5’77 averaged 25.7 first, second and third instar larvae per sq ft. Treatment plots were 10 x 10 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Soil was a sandy loam with less than 2% OM. Granular treatments of bendiocarb 5G and Dasanit 15G were applied by hand shaker can. The remaining granules were applied by a drop type spreader. The sprayable treatments were applied in one gallon of water distributed in two directions with a hand sprinkling can. All treatments were flushed into the thatch with a 20 minute irrigation (equ. to 0.5 inch of water). Post counts were made on Aug 22’77 by removing three random 48 inch squares 3 inch deep from each plot and recording the number of larvae.
Candidate Pesticides for Quarantine Use, 1978
Authors: Fons James , Morgan Neal C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Colony reared species were caged and exposed to pesticidal formulations in transport trailers (ca 71 m3 volume) in Miami, Florida. Tobacco budworm adults were caged in 1 -gal paper tubs, adult boll weevils in 1/2 pint paper cans, adult house flies and mosquitoes, and adult and nymphal cockroaches in plastic “squat” cups, and adult ticks in 1 oz plastic cups. All containers were covered with 6x7 mesh/cm nylon screen. Dusts were formulated with HiSil 233 as the carrier and introduced into trailers by propelling with CO2 through an open rear door. EC’s were diluted with the amount of water necessary to give a treatment time of 1 min and introduced from an open rear door also. Two types of applicators were used for the EC’s, a Micro-Gen/Bolt Model E10 110 VAC powered unit from Micro-Gen Equipment Corp., 8127 Vidor Drive, San Antonio, TX 78216, and a spinning disk, battery-powered unit from Micron West, Inc., 8582 Katy Freeway, Houston, TX 77024, Aerosols were released from within closed trailers, either from the center of the trailer in the case of the total release aerosol or by an individual walking the length of the trailer and spraying for the required length of time to obtain desired dosage. The exposure period was 10 min with doors closed and 20 min with doors open. Mortality counts were made at 24 hr. Average temperature at treatment was 23°C. Tests were replicated at least twice, and Abbott’s formula was used to adjust for control mortality when necessary.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Western Drywood Termite Control, 1978
Authors: Scheffrahn R. H. , Rust M. K. , Reierson D. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were tested for effectiveness against field populations of Incisitermesminor collected from native woods and maintained in the laboratory. Whatman No. 1 filter paper, cut into discs (72 cm2) and set into 9.7 cm I.D. uncovered petri dish tops, were treated with insecticide. Dusts were applied by volume (I cc/dish) and liquids were deposited with a pipette with 3 ml excess of dilutant to insure uniform distribution of toxicant. Liquids were allowed to dry 24 hours or age 30 days before being tested. Each bioassay replicate consisted of five late-instar nymphs or alates confined to the treated surface under an inverted 3.2 cm I.D. stendor dish. Continuous exposure was conducted for about 4 weeks in darkness at ca. 22°C and 30-50% R.H. In pilot tests using a single replicate, liquids were screened for activity by using 10-fold serial dilutions applied in a range from 1.0 mg to 10-6 mg ai/cm2. Dilutions producing complete mortality within a few days or showing no mortality within several weeks were omitted from the final bioassay. The final test, shown in the table, was conducted using three replicates for each of the lowest concentrations demonstrating effectiveness and for each dust deposit. Mortality counts were taken several times a week and presence of feeding on the paper was noted at 14 days.
Cattle, Control of Diptera in Beef Cattle Manure with Free-Choice RabonR Oral Larvicide, 1978
Authors: Hall Robert D. , Foehse Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
RabonR (stirofos) oral larvicide (1% AI) in a complete loose-mineral supplement was provided free-choice to cattle in 2 locations in Missouri. In Linn Co., 49 heifers weighing ca. 400 kg each were pastured in a large field 1 km distant from other cattle. In Boone Co., a corresponding group of 75 heifers and 60 calves weighing ca. 455 kg and 68 kg each, respectively, were pastured in a field adjacent to untreated cattle. Assessment of treatment efficacy was made immediately prior to the start of larvicide feeding and thereafter at weekly intervals. Adult face flies were counted weekly using 10 animals selected at random from each test herd. Similar counts were made on animals from nearby un-treated herds. Several manure pats ca. 3 days old from each treated and control herd were assessed weekly by taking core samples with empty 2-lb. coffee cans. These samples were subsequently placed on wire screen in 40-watt Tullgren funnels for larval extraction.
Citrus, Sugarcane Rootstalk Borer Weevil,

Diaprepes

Abbreviatus

(L.)
Authors: Beavers J. B. , Jaffe H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insect Growth Regulator, 1977: A slow release formulation of diflubenzuron was prepared by encapsulating this compound in ethyl cellulose by phase separation techniques from cyclohexane. The formulation, a fine, white powder containing 80% active ingredient (Al), was incorporated into potting soil (1:1 peat-sand) at rates of 0.2 and 0.4 g Al/cu ft. Citrus seedlings (0.5 m tall) were planted in the treated soil in 15 cm diam pots (25 pots/rate). Neonate larvae of D.abbreviatus (100/pot) were placed on the soil surface of the pots (November 1976). When the seedlings were examined (January 1977), larvae were recovered in each treatment.
Apple, Acaricide Test, 1978
Authors: Swift Fred C. , Los Lorraine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests were conducted on 14-yr-old apple trees, cultivars Red Delicious, Sungold, and Stayman. Single-tree plots, 1 of each variety, arranged in randomized block design, were sprayed to runoff using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a hand gun. All treatments were applied at a rate of 8 to 10 gal/tree and 400 psi. Miticides were applied on Jul 19 (Table 1) or Aug 8 (Table 2). Those trees used in the latter tests were treated every 2 wk throughout the season w ith Pydrin 2.4 lb/gal, 0.05 lb ai/100 gal; as a result, no predators were present. Mite population estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves/replicate, pooling the leaves for each replicate, then brushing the mites onto glass plates and counting all stages. Egg counts of the European red mite and the apple rust mite are not included in the tables. Pretreatment counts (not listed) were found not to be statisticallydifferent. The data were transformed to logarithms before analysis of variance and comparisons of means.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1978
Authors: Weires R. W. , Smith G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a seasonal control program conducted in a 14-yr-old planting on the EM 2 rootstock. Eight-tree plots containing from 5 to 7 different apple cultivars were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied dilute to runoff using 4.2 (May and June) to 5.2 (July and August) gal spray/tree (403-499 gal/acre) with high pressure hand gun sprayer at 400 psi. Treatments were applied at petal fall (May 26) and 5 cover sprays (Jun 10, 23, Jul 7, 24, and Aug 9) except HOE 25682, which was omitted from the Aug 9 spray. Additional sprays applied over the entire block by air-blast application (3X, 133 gal/acre) include: Difolatan 4F 5 gal/acre (Apr 24) and Cyprex 65W 2 lb/acre (Jun 6). Cool temperatures during April and May resulted in later than normal bloom and consequent late harvest. Rainfall was above normal in May with most of the rain received during bloom period. Very little rainfall was recorded the 3 wk following bloom, providing ideal conditions for evaluation of fruit finish related to insecticide treatments. Insect pressure was below normal for most species evaluated.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1978
Authors: French J. Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental acaricides were compared to Vendex in a completely randomized experiment on 20-yr-old grapefruit trees (30 ft x 25 ft spacing). Each treatment was replicated on three single-tree plots by hand gun of a John Bean Model 1010-MTBT sprayer at 225 psi, ca. 15 gal/tree. Treatments were applied on Jul 10, with citrus rust mite counts made at 30-day intervals posttreatment. Eighteen fruit were selected at random in each tree, and citrus rust mites were counted on the top, median, and bottom of each fruit using a 10X handlens with a 1-cm2 grid.
Cabbage Foliar Protective Insecticide Spray Study, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, on Wisconsin Golden Acres 84 white cabbage in a field replanted in cabbage for the third year. The crop was direct seeded on Jun 1 ’77 using two rows per plot with three replications and 24-inch row spacing in a randomized block design. Dacthal 75W was used preemergence at 12 lbs/acre and 200 lbs 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in. Bravo 6F, fungicide, at 1 qt/A was applied with Cub tractor boom sprayer weekly for disease maintenance. Insecticide sprays were applied as broadcast foliar sprays using CO2 bottle sprayer and a 5’ swath passes/plot at 30 GPA and 30 psi. Weekly sprays started Jul 28’77 and continued Aug 5, 12, 26, Sep 2 and 14. At harvest, Sep 30’77, 10 mature cabbage heads/plot were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage. At this time, damage to head leaves indicated a high proportion of looper injury as well as imported cabbageworm. Foliage feeding index on head leaves injury ranged from 0 to 5 and has classified as follows: 0) no feed holes; 1) slight chewing, only a few feeding holes; 2) less than 10% chewing on leaves: 3) severe feeding on 25% of leaves: 4) severe feeding on 50% of leaves; and 5) 100% of leaves severely injured.
Granular Insecticide Whorl Applications to Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, investigated the performance of systemic and controlled release formulations of insecticides on cabbage insect control and yields. A randomized block design of 3 replications was used with 24-inch row spacing (21,780 linear feet of row per acre) in a plot 5’ x 30’. Dacthal 75W herbicide was used at 12 lbs/acre as a preemergence application. Fertilization consisted of 200 lbs of 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in this field of cabbage in second year of production. Bravo 6F fungicide at 1 qt/A was applied with a cub tractor boom mounted sprayer in weekly maintenance sprays for disease control. White cabbage, variety Wisconsin Golden Acre, was transplanted on May 25’77 and granular insecticides applied on Jul 15’77. A hand held shaker can was used to deliver, premeasured granular insecticide amounts per plot over the tops of plants directing granular materials into tops of head leaves. At this time, the cabbage was approximately 12 inches high with the first several head leaves forming. At harvest on Aug 30’77, 10 mature cabbage heads were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage per plot. Outer wrapper leaves were removed before damage ratings were made. Foliar feeding injury index rating on heads were as follows: 1) only slight or a trace of chewing; 2) less than 10% of chewing on leaves; 3) severe feeding on 25% of leaves: 4) severe feeding on 50% of leaves; and 5) 100% of leaves severely injured.
Control of Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth Larvae on Summer Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Acre’ cabbage was planted in 5- by 20-ft 2-row beds with 22-inch interrow and 24-inch interplant spacing on Mar 28’78, at Yakima, WA. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replicates (beds). Each treatment was applied 4 times, on Jun 30, Jul 7, 14, and 21 by using a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD 420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. An air pressure of 60 psi applied 40 gpa through D2-13 “TeeJet” nozzles mounted 11 inches apart on the boom. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage. The efficacy of the treatments was determined by removing and examining the leaves and heads of 8 market-ready plants taken at random from each of the beds 3 days after the final treatment.
Aphid and Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage with Soil Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Wellik M. J. , Slosser J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik 15G was applied using a Noble applied using a Noble applicator while UC 21865 was applied in 6-in bands with a pressurized hand-drawn sprayer equipped with cone nozzles (10X) which delivered 8.5 gal/acre. Applications were made Mar 9 at the TAMU Vegetable Research Station, Munday, Texas, and the insecticides were immediately incorporated using a rolling cultivator. The cabbage, Superette Y. R. variety, plots were planted in a randomized complete block design replicated 3 times. Plots were field-seeded at 72 seeds/row ft and consisted of six, 30-ft rows on 40-inch centers (three rows on each side of one row of overwintered cabbage). Soil type was Miles fine sandy Loam that was surface dry at planting. Endosulfan 75W was sprayed on Mar 29 at 2.0 lb ai/acre, in 14.0 gal water/acre, to control a severe infestation of flea beetles, Epitrix spp. A poor stand necessitated transplanting from a fourth replication to the 6 rows of the other plots to obtain a stand density of 1 plant/row ft on Apr 20. Ten plants/plot were inspected at random from the center 2 rows of each plot on each sampling date. A laboratory bioassay was initiated on Apr 28. Five field leaves/plot were taken to the laboratory, held in water-filled vials, and infested with green peach aphids collected from kohlrabi. Percent control calculations were done according to the method of C. F. Henderson and E. W. Tilton, 1955, J. Econ. Entomol., 48:157-61. Efficacy counts for aphid and cabbage looper control are shown in the table. Yield samples (0.001 acre) were taken June 28. Field count data were analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 0.05 probability level.