bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of CYP2D6*41 on CYP2D6 enzyme activity using phenotyping methods in urine, plasma, and saliva
Authors: Jin Ye , Zhang Shuquan , Hu Pei , Zheng Xin , Guan Xiaoduo , Chen Rui , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: August 2022

Aims: The CYP2D6*41 variant is the second or third frequent reduced function allele in Chinese with a frequency of around 3–4%, while it is the major reduced function allele in Indians, Saudi Arabians and Caucasians with frequencies of around 10–20%. The present study was designed to explore the impact of CYP2D6*41 on the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 using phenotyping methods in urine, plasma, and saliva.Methods: We used dextromethorphan as the probe drug to analyze the phenotypes of 87 subjects with CYP2D6*1/*1 (n = 22), CYP2D6*1/*2 (n = 33), CYP2D6*2/*2 (n = 4), CYP2D6*1/*41 (n = 5), CYP2D6*2/*41 (n = 3), CYP2D6*10/*41 (n = 16), and CYP2D6*5/*41 (n = 4) for CYP2D6. The ratio of parent drug to metabolite in 3 h saliva, 3 h plasma, and in 0–3 h urine was considered the metabolic ratio (MR).Results: The CYP2D6*41 allele had substantial impact on the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 regardless of the urinary, plasma, or salivary phenotyping method used. In subjects with CYP2D6*1(or *2)/*1(or *2), *1 (or *2)/*41, *10/*41 and *5/*41 (all p &lt; 0.001), the salivary, plasma, or urinary MR value increased. The MRs in saliva, plasma, and urine displayed high correlations.Conclusion: The activity score system or the consensus activity score system, instead of the traditional phenotype classification, could predict the CYP2D6 enzyme activity more accurately. CYP2D6*41 had similar or more impact on the CYP2D6 enzyme activity as compared with CYP2D6*10. Assigning *41 a score of 0.5 and assigning *10 a score of 0.25 according to the consensus AS system should be reconsidered.
Protective effects of menthol against sepsis-induced hepatic injury: Role of mediators of hepatic inflammation, apoptosis, and regeneration
Authors: Matouk Asmaa I. , El-Daly Mahmoud , Habib Heba A. , Senousy Shaymaa , Naguib Abdel Hafez Sara Mohamed , Kasem AlShaimaa W. , Almalki Waleed Hassan , Alzahrani Abdulaziz , Alshehri Ahmed , Ahmed Al-Shaimaa F. 
Published: August 2022

Liver dysfunction in sepsis is a major complication that amplifies multiple organ failure and increases the risk of death. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main mediators in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Therefore, we investigated the role of menthol, a natural antioxidant, against sepsis-induced liver injury in female Wistar rats. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Menthol (100 mg/kg) was given intragastric 2 h after CLP. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected 24 h after surgery. Menthol significantly (p &lt; 0.05) attenuated the sepsis-induced elevation in serum liver enzymes and improved the hepatic histopathological changes. Menthol treatment significantly (p &lt; 0.05) decreased hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, total nitrite, and cleaved caspase-3. It restored the hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione. Additionally, menthol significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased hepatic levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2); an anti-apoptotic factor, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a biomarker of regeneration and survival. Our results showed the therapeutic potential of menthol against liver injury induced by sepsis.
Design and analysis of a dual-band THz metamaterial sensor with high refractive index sensitivity
Authors: Lu Xuejing , Ge Hongyi , Jiang Yuying , Zhang Yuan 
Published: August 2022

A terahertz metamaterial comprised of an array of cross rectangular split-ring resonators (CRSRR) was proposed and analyzed for sensing applications, and it exhibited two resonances in the frequency range of 0.2–3 THz. The resonant frequencies of different resonant modes were explained using equivalent circuit models. Furthermore, the influence on equivalent capacitance and inductance of the circuit with respect to different geometrical dimensions of the CRSRR structure were analyzed, and the results indicated that the resonant frequencies of the proposed metamaterial can be designed as the desired value by adjusting the CRSRR unit geometry. In addition, the sensing performances of the metamaterial were calculated based on the optimized structure, showing that it had high refractive index sensitivity of 309 and 730 GHz/RIU at two resonant frequencies, respectively. Meanwhile, such ability to operate at two frequency bands enabled the designed sensor could characterize the identical samples at different frequencies, thereby increasing the sensing sensitivity and decreasing the impact of environmental disturbance. Our study opens up new prospects in the design of terahertz metamaterial sensors with high sensitivity in a multi-band range, which is essential to meet increasing needs in terahertz sensing.
Isotropy frequency-domain extension imaging and its application in detection of nanostructures
Authors: Bai Jinxi , Ren Huan , Shi Zhendong , Ma Hua , Liu Lijia , Ma Ke , Chai Liqun , Zhang Lin 
Published: August 2022

A wide-field high resolution microscopy with sub-micron resolution and high contrast image was demonstrated by using the isotropy frequency-domain extension imaging (IFEI), which was successfully applied to submicron-scale structure detection of fused silica wafer for the first time. Employing the frequency-domain extension and the isotropic period matching, the IFEI extended the bandwidth of coherent transfer function of the conventional wide-field microscopy, thereby improving the resolution to break the diffraction limit. In this method, a quantitative measurement of 200 nm was achieved using fused silica wafer with prefabricated etched structure on the surface. By imaging 81 nm gold nanoparticles, the system resolution calibration was achieved. And corresponding system’s lateral resolution of approximately 179.5 nm was obtained, which was 1.72 times higher than the conventional wide-field microscopy image. Moreover, the reconstructed IFEI images of ultra-precision processed fused silica optics were demonstrated to present the finer structures of sub-micron digs and scratches formed in the optics manufacturing process.
Effects of aerobic, strength, and combined training during pregnancy in the blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Corso Marcelo , Miarka Bianca , Figueiredo Tiago , Bragazzi Nicola , Carvalho Danilo , Dias Ingrid 
Published: August 2022

Gestational hypertension can lead to fetal complications, and, if untreated, high blood pressure during pregnancy may cause eclampsia and even death in the mother and fetus. Exercise is a strategy for preventing blood pressure disorders. There is little knowledge about the physiological impacts of different physical types of training on blood pressure during pregnancy. For that, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of different physical exercise modalities (i.e., aerobic training—AT, strength training—ST, and combined training—AT + ST) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of pregnant women. A search was performed on PUBMED, LILACS, CINAHL, Sport discus, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify researchers. From 3,450 studies, 20 and 19 were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses. AT studies presented a medium effect size (ES) on SBP [−0.29 (−2.95 to 2.36) p = 0.83], with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 64%), and had a large impact on DBP [−1.34 (−2.98 to 0.30) p = 0.11], with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 30%). ST researchers showed a large ES on SBP [−1.09 (−3.66 to 1.49) p = 0.41], with a reduced heterogeneity (I2 = 0%), and a medium ES on DBP [−0.26 (−2.77 to 2.19) p = 0.83] with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 38%). AT + ST studies had a large ES on SBP [−1.69 (−3.88 to 0.49) p = 0.13] and DBP [−01.29 (−2.26 to 0.31) p = 0.01] with considerable (I2 = 83%) and moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 47%), respectively. These findings are essential for developing new research protocols to avoid gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. AT + ST had a large impact on the SBP and DBP reduction; however, there is a need for more similar procedures to reduce heterogeneity between studies, promoting consensual results.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42021256509].
Acute effect of kinesio tape on postural control in individuals with functional ankle instability following ankle muscle fatigue
Authors: Li Pan , Wei Zhen , Zeng Ziwei , Wang Lin 
Published: August 2022

Background: Kinesio taping (KT) is one of the therapeutic interventions in sports medicine practice. The study aims to assess the acute effect of different KT methods on postural control in individuals with functional ankle instability (FAI) after ankle muscle fatigue.Methods: Twenty-eight participants with FAI were recruited to complete maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and proprioception of ankle using isokinetic dynamometer, dynamic postural control using Y-balance test and static postural control using a force platform after a fatigue protocol in four taping conditions: facilitatory KT (FKT), ankle balance taping (ABT), sham taping (ST) and no taping (NT).Results: No significant difference was observed for the data MVIC and proprioception after ankle muscle fatigue amongst the four taping treatments. A significant difference in Y-Balance Test was observed amongst the four taping treatments at posterolateral direction (p &lt; 0.001) and posteromedial direction (p &lt; 0.001), suggesting that KT may significantly improve dynamic postural control following ankle muscle fatigue. For Center of pressure (COP) measurements, the mediolateral COP sway range of NT was significantly larger than that of FKT (p = 0.003) and ST (p &lt; 0.001), suggesting that the placebo effect of KT was inevitable.Conclusion: The effect of KT seems increased dynamic postural control in individuals with FAI after ankle muscle fatigue, and this effect is not strongly related to the taping methods. By preventing fatigue-related impairments of postural control, KT may help reduce the risk of injury in individuals with FAI.
Cover crop influence on pore size distribution and biopore dynamics: Enumerating root and soil faunal effects
Authors: Lucas Maik , Nguyen Linh T. T. , Guber Andrey , Kravchenko Alexandra N. 
Published: August 2022

Pore structure is a key determinant of soil functioning, and both root growth and activity of soil fauna are modified by and interact with pore structure in multiple ways. Cover cropping is a rapidly growing popular strategy for improving agricultural sustainability, including improvements in pore structure. However, since cover crop species encompass a variety of contrasting root architectures, they can have disparate effects on formation of soil pores and their characteristics, thus on the pore structure formation. Moreover, utilization of the existing pore systems and its modification by new root growth, in conjunction with soil fauna activity, can also vary by cover crop species, affecting the dynamics of biopores (creation and demolition). The objectives of this study were (i) to quantify the influence of 5 cover crop species on formation and size distribution of soil macropores (&gt;36 μm Ø); (ii) to explore the changes in the originally developed pore architecture after an additional season of cover crop growth; and (iii) to assess the relative contributions of plant roots and soil fauna to fate and modifications of biopores. Intact soil cores were taken from 5 to 10 cm depth after one season of cover crop growth, followed by X-ray computed micro-tomography (CT) characterization, and then, the cores were reburied for a second root growing period of cover crops to explore subsequent changes in pore characteristics with the second CT scanning.Our data suggest that interactions of soil fauna and roots with pore structure changed over time. While in the first season, large biopores were created at the expense of small pores, in the second year these biopores were reused or destroyed by the creation of new ones through earthworm activities and large root growth. In addition, the creation of large biopores (&gt;0.5 mm) increased total macroporosity. During the second root growing period, these large sized macropores, however, are reduced in size again through the action of soil fauna smaller than earthworms, suggesting a highly dynamic equilibrium. Different effects of cover crops on pore structure mainly arise from their differences in root volume, mean diameter as well as their reuse of existing macropores.
A mental health survey among young front-line clinicians in high-risk areas during the COVID-19 sporadic epidemic in China
Authors: Suo Xingbo , Zhang Yang , Liu Qingxia , Zhao Gaofeng , Zhu Yanan , Liu Yan , Zhai Jinguo 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundThe sporadic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has placed enormous psychological stress on people, especially clinicians. The objective of this study was to examine depression, anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and related social psychological factors among young front-line clinicians in high-risk areas during the COVID-19 sporadic epidemic in China and to provide a reference for formulating reasonable countermeasures.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, demographic information, COVID-19-related questions, anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10, PSS-10), and QOL (World Health Organization Quality of Life-brief version, WHOQOL-BREF) were collected. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the relationships between anxiety and/or depression and other related problems. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to test the relationships among factors influencing QOL.ResultsA total of 146 young front-line clinicians were included. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and anxiety-depression comorbidity were 37.7% (95% CI = 29.7–45.6%), 26.0% (95% CI = 18.8–33.2%), and 24.0% (95% CI = 17.0–31.0%), respectively. Severe stress (OR = 1.258, 95% CI = 1.098–1.442, P &lt; 0.01) and insomnia (OR = 1.282, 95% CI = 1.135–1.447, P &lt; 0.01) were positively correlated with depression. Severe stress (OR = 1.487, 95% CI = 1.213–1.823, P &lt; 0.01) and insomnia (OR = 1.131, 95% CI = 1.003–1.274, P &lt; 0.05) were positively correlated with anxiety. Severe stress (OR = 1.532, 95% CI = 1.228–1.912, P &lt; 0.01) was positively correlated with anxiety-depression comorbidity. However, insomnia (OR = 1.081, 95% CI = 0.963–1.214, P &gt; 0.05) was not correlated with anxiety-depression comorbidity. The belief that the vaccine will stop the COVID-19 pandemic (OR = 0.099, 95% CI = 0.014–0.715, P &lt; 0.05) was negatively correlated with anxiety and anxiety-depression comorbidity (OR = 0.101, 95% CI = 0.014–0.744, P &lt; 0.05). Severe stress (B = −0.068, 95% CI = −0.129 to −0.007, P &lt; 0.05) and insomnia (B = −0.127, 95% CI = −0.188 to −0.067, P &lt; 0.01) were negatively correlated with QOL. The belief that the vaccine could provide protection (B = 1.442, 95% CI = 0.253–2.631, P &lt; 0.05) was positively correlated with QOL.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression, anxiety, and even anxiety-depression comorbidity was high among young front-line clinicians in high-risk areas during the COVID-19 sporadic epidemic in China. Various biological and psychological factors as well as COVID-19-related factors were associated with mental health issues and QOL. Psychological intervention should evaluate these related factors and formulate measures for these high-risk groups.
Revisiting the δ Scuti star FG Virginis using Kepler K2 and TESS data
Authors: Guzik Joyce A. , Jackiewicz Jason , Hedlund Anne M. 
Published: August 2022

FG Virginis is a δ Scuti variable star that was the target of several ground-based multisite photometric campaigns from 1992 to 2004. Over 75 pulsation frequencies were detected (Breger et al., Astron. Astrophys., 2005, 435, 955–965), more than for any other δ Sct star before the era of space photometry. FG Vir was observed for 52 days in 30-minute cadence photometry by the NASA Kepler spacecraft K2 mission in 2016, and for 23 days in 2-minute cadence photometry by the NASA TESS spacecraft in 2021. We present light curves and amplitude spectra obtained from these space missions. We find around 30 significant frequencies in the K2 data, and more than 100 significant frequencies in the TESS data. There is good correspondence between the first 10 or so highest-amplitude modes found in the K2 and TESS data and those found from the ground-based multisite campaigns, although the amplitude order is slightly different, indicating some stability in mode frequencies and amplitudes spanning 20 years. However, the 9th highest-amplitude mode of Breger et al. has moved down considerably in amplitude rank, while the 35th highest-amplitude mode has moved up to near the top ten as seen in both the K2 and TESS data. We find several low frequencies between 0.3 and 3 cycles per day in the TESS data that were not detected using the ground-based data. If low-frequency pulsations are confirmed, FG Vir would be classified as a δ Sct/γ Dor hybrid variable star. We also review stellar model results and some of the challenges for asteroseismology for this well-studied δ Sct star.
Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during High-Temperature Tensile Deformation of MnE21 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Li Xiangji , Wang Jiahui , Jiang Yutong , Zhang Maoqiang 
Published: August 2022

In this study, tensile tests for magnesium–manganese rare earth alloy (MnE21) were conducted with a WDW-300 high-temperature universal testing machine at different temperatures (300 °C~500 °C) and strain rates (1 × 10−4s−1~1 × 10−1s−1). The high temperature thermal deformation behavior, dynamic recrystallization, and texture of MnE21 magnesium alloy were analyzed by combining the constitutive equation, hot processing map, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the strain compensation equation can accurately predict the thermal deformation behavior. According to the hot processing map, the optimal processing regions were determined to be 350 °C, ε˙= 1 × 10−2s−1~ε˙= 1 × 10−4s−1, and 450–500 °C, ε ˙= 1 × 10−1s−1~ε˙= 1 × 10−4s−1. Based on the EBSD analysis, it was found that dynamic recrystallization of the alloy occurs above 350 °C, it was concluded that dynamic recrystallization was more adequate at 450 °C by analyzing the grain orientation and grain boundary difference orientation distribution. In addition, the texture index at different temperatures was also analyzed and it was found that the material showed a typical extrusion texture internally. During dynamic recrystallization, (01-11) [2-1-11], texture was produced.
Prawa człowieka w Biblii
Authors: KRAWCZYK Roman 
Published: August 2022

Religious truths are intertwined with certain historic events, expressed on these occasions or through these events. Also, all laws, rights, customs and institutions described in the Bible bear the mark of the epoch, in which they functioned or were created, but they were gradually improved and acquired theologically appropriate meanings as the Revelation developed. The paper is devoted to the problem of human rights in the Bible, which is analyzed considering the following aspects. First, the author presents a synthetic analysis of human rights contained in different national and international documents on human rights such as “Human rights conventions” and “Declarations of human rights”. (1) Then, the author presents theological interpretation of human rights contained in the Book of Genesis in the descriptions of the creation of man, which constitute the foundation of rights of man described in other books of the Bible. (2) Finally, rights of man in other selected books of the Bible are analyzed. (3) The author is of the opinion that the review and the analysis of human rights contained in different documents such as “Human rights conventions” and in the Bible will allow to perceive and recognize the specifi city and uniqueness of rights of man in the Bible.
Theoretical study on defect risks of chemically amplified resists used for extreme ultraviolet lithography
Authors: Kozawa Takahiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In lithography, resist patterns are fabricated through chemical reactions induced by radiation. In the highly resolving lithography such as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, the stochastically generated defects (stochastic defects) are a serious concern. In this study, the variation of resist polymer caused by stochastic effects was investigated, assuming line-and-space resist patterns to assess the defect risks. Using a half pitch HP, a thermalization distance r
0, a total sensitizer concentration C
s, and an initial standard deviation of the number of protected units per polymer molecule σ
i as variables, the resist pattern formation was simulated on the basis of the reaction mechanisms of chemically amplified EUV resists. The frequency distribution of polymer molecules with the given number of protected units was calculated at the centers of lines and spaces. By defining a total defect risk (the sum of pinching and bridging risks), its dependences on HP, r
0, C
s, and σ
i were clarified.
Media Pembelajaran Pengenalan Hewan untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Augmented Reality Berbasis Android
Authors: Irfansyah Juki , Anifah Lilik 
Published: August 2022

Rumusan kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan yang dipergunakan dalam Kurikulum 2013 mengedepankan pentingnya kreativitas dan komunikasi. Metode pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk kurikulum 2013 pada tingkat SD berikut menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran tematik. Dimana guru dituntut untuk memberikan materi pembelajaran dengan cara yang kreatif dan inovatif maka dari itu salah satu alternatifnya berupa sebuah media pembelajaran interaktif. Media pembelajaran dalam hal ini memakai fitur yang terbilang masih baru yaitu fitur Augmented Reality dimana fitur ini memadukan antara objek nyata dengan objek maya. Media pembelajaran ini dibuat dengan menggunakan software Unity3D dengan memasukan unsur objek 3D yang dibuat dengan menggunakan software Blender/Lightwave 3D sebagai peraga. Materi pembelajaran diambil dari buku panduan Kelas 1 SD Kurikulum 2013 mengenai Hewan di Sekitarku. Hasil dari pengujian aplikasi Pengenalan Hewan dapat berjalan pada berbagai perangkat mobile Android. Berdasarkan hasil data pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ini dapat membantu meningkatkan minat dan pemahaman siswa dalam belajar.
Animal Identification Learning Media for Elementary School Students Using Android-Based Augmented Reality
Abstract: The learning method used for the 2013 curriculum at the following SD level uses the thematic learning approach. Where teachers are required to provide learning material in a creative and innovative way, then one of the alternatives is in the form of an interactive learning media. The learning media in this case uses a feature that is still relatively new, namely the Augmented Reality feature where this feature combines real objects with virtual objects. This learning media is made using Unity3D software by including 3D object elements made using Blender/Lightwave 3D software as props. The learning material is taken from the 2013 Curriculum Class 1 SD guidebook on Animals Around Me. The results of testing the Animal Identification application can run on various Android mobile devices. Based on the results of the testing data, it can be concluded that this application can help increase students' interest and understanding in learning.
Keywords: Animal Identification, Augmented Reality, Lightwave 3D.