bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient imaging and computer vision detection of two cell shapes in young cotton fibers
Authors: Graham Benjamin P. , Park Jeremy , Billings Grant T. , Hulse‐Kemp Amanda M. , Haigler Candace H. , Lobaton Edgar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseThe shape of young cotton (Gossypium) fibers varies within and between commercial cotton species, as revealed by previous detailed analyses of one cultivar ofG. hirsutumand one ofG. barbadense. Both narrow and wide fibers exist inG. hirsutumcv. Deltapine 90, which may impact the quality of our most abundant renewable textile material. More efficient cellular phenotyping methods are needed to empower future research efforts.MethodsWe developed semi‐automated imaging methods for young cotton fibers and a novel machine learning algorithm for the rapid detection of tapered (narrow) or hemisphere (wide) fibers in homogeneous or mixed populations.ResultsThe new methods were accurate for diverse accessions ofG. hirsutumandG. barbadenseand at least eight times more efficient than manual methods. Narrow fibers dominated in the threeG. barbadenseaccessions analyzed, whereas the threeG. hirsutumaccessions showed a mixture of tapered and hemisphere fibers in varying proportions.DiscussionThe use or adaptation of these improved methods will facilitate experiments with higher throughput to understand the biological factors controlling the variable shapes of young cotton fibers or other elongating single cells. This research also enables the exploration of links between early cell shape and mature cotton fiber quality in diverse field‐grown cotton accessions.
The freedom to teach (at the best)
Authors: Hortsch Michael , Rompolski Krista 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the past decades, biomedical education has changed considerably, mostly by the introduction of novel didactic strategies, as well as the addition of technology. As a consequence, the centuries‐old lecture‐style presentation has come under criticism for providing only a one‐directional transfer of information. However, the delivery of traditional lectures has also seen considerable changes such as the use of Microsoft PowerPoint slides which can be projected and serve as lecture handouts to learners. Electronic technologies and the internet now allow for the permanent recording of lectures and the distribution of video recordings to students who are unable or choose not to attend lectures in person. This off‐site consumption of lecture presentations can either be synchronous or, if the recorded videos are made available online, asynchronous. At the beginning of the Covid‐19 pandemic, most schools were forced to change all lecture‐style instruction to an online format. With students returning to classroom teaching, schools, and educators have to make a decision whether to offer online lecture recordings permanently, reintroduce in‐person lecture presentations, or compromise on a combination of both. Each solution has its own advantages and disadvantages, some of which are discussed in this article. However, there appears to be no single ‘best solution’ to serve all learners, educators, and educational needs.
The Effect of Hydrogenation on the Contest between Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity in Norcorrole
Authors: Karadakov Peter B. , Riley Tom 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnetic shielding studies demonstrate that successive hydrogenation of NiII norcorrole (NiNc), a stable molecule combining aromatic and antiaromatic features, first weakens and then eliminates the central antiaromatic region, even though the NiNc antiaromatic “core”, a 14‐membered conjugated cycle with 16 π electrons, is formally preserved throughout the H2NiNc−H8NiNc series. The differences between aromatic and non‐aromatic isotropic shielding distributions and nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) values in these hydrogenated porphyrin analogues are highlighted by comparing the results for the members of the H2NiNc−H8NiNc series to those for the aromatic NiII porphyrin complex. The results strongly support the unexpected and counterintuitive conclusion that H8NiNc will be nonaromatic, without even a trace of antiaromaticity. Based on these findings, H8NiNc is predicted to be the most stable member of the H2NiNc−H8NiNc series.
A hyperbolic divergence based nonparametric test for two‐sample multivariate distributions
Authors: Wang Roulin , Fan Wei , Wang Xueqin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTwo‐sample hypothesis testing, as a fundamental problem in statistical inference, seeks to detect the difference between two probability measures and has numerous real‐world applications. Current test procedures for multivariate two‐sample problems typically rely on angles and lengths in a Euclidean space, or lengths in a unit hypersphere after representing data with the spherical model. This article introduces a hyperbolic divergence based on hyperbolic lengths in hyperbolic geometry, as well as a subsequent nonparametric approach to testing the multivariate two‐sample problem. We investigate the properties of our test procedure and discover that our hyperbolic divergence statistic is strongly consistent and consistent against all other alternatives; we also demonstrate that its limit distribution is an infinite mixture of distributions under the null hypothesis and a normal distribution under the alternative hypothesis. To calculate the ‐value, we employ the permutation method. Furthermore, in numerical studies, we compare our method with several nonparametric procedures under various distributional assumptions and alternatives. We discover that our test procedure has some advantages when the distributions' complex correlation structures differ. Finally, we examine one real data set to show how our method can be used to test two‐sample heterogeneity.
Microreactor Technology: Identifying Focus Fields and Emerging Trends by Using CiteSpace II
Authors: Yang Lin , Sun Yutao , Zhang Lijing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroreactors have gained widespread attention from academia and industrial researchers due to their exceptionally fast mass and heat transfer and flexible control. In this work, CiteSpace software was used to systematically analyze the relevant literature to gain a comprehensively understand on the research status of microreactors in various fields. The results show that the research depth and application scope of microreactors are continuing to expand. The top 10 most popular research fields are photochemistry, pharmaceutical intermediates, multistep flow synthesis, mass transfer, computational fluid dynamics, μ‐TAS (micro total analysis system), nanoparticles, biocatalysis, hydrogen production, and solid‐supported reagents. The evolution trends of current focus areas are examined, including photochemistry, mass transfer, biocatalysis and hydrogen production and their milestone literature is analyzed in detail. This article demonstrates the development of different fields of microreactors technology and highlights the unending opportunities and challenges offered by this fascinating technology.
Expanding the therapeutic options for Candida infections using novel inhibitors of secreted aspartyl proteases
Authors: Chakraborty Shuvechha , Rahate Kshitija , Kumar Chandan , Idicula‐Thomas Susan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor widening the therapeutic options for Candida management, the druggability of Candida proteome was systematically investigated using an innovative pipeline of high‐throughput data mining algorithms, followed by in vitro validation of the observations. Through this exercise, HIV‐1 protease was found to share structural similarity with secreted aspartyl protease‐3 (SAP3), a virulence protein of Candida. Using the molecular fingerprint of HIV‐1 protease inhibitor GRL‐09510, we performed virtual screening of peptidomimetic library followed by high‐precision docking and MD simulations for discovery of SAP inhibitors. Wet‐lab validation of the four shortlisted peptidomimetics revealed that two molecules, when used in combination with fluconazole, could significantly reduce the dosage of fluconazole required for 50% inhibition of Candida albicans. The SAP inhibitory activity of these peptidomimetics was confirmed through SAP assays and found to be on par with pepstatin A, a known peptidomimetic inhibitor of aspartyl proteases.
Emergence of spatially structured populations by area‐concentrated search
Authors: Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Hovestadt Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe idea that populations are spatially structured has become a very powerful concept in ecology, raising interest in many research areas. However, despite dispersal being a core component of the concept, it typically does not consider the movement behavior underlying any dispersal. Using individual‐based simulations in continuous space, we explored the emergence of a spatially structured population in landscapes with spatially heterogeneous resource distribution and with organisms following simple area‐concentrated search (ACS); individuals do not, however, perceive or respond to any habitat attributes per se but only to their foraging success. We investigated the effects of different resource clustering pattern in landscapes (single large cluster vs. many small clusters) and different resource density on the spatial structure of populations and movement between resource clusters of individuals. As results, we found that foraging success increased with increasing resource density and decreasing number of resource clusters. In a wide parameter space, the system exhibited attributes of a spatially structured populations with individuals concentrated in areas of high resource density, searching within areas of resources, and “dispersing” in straight line between resource patches. “Emigration” was more likely from patches that were small or of low quality (low resource density), but we observed an interaction effect between these two parameters. With the ACS implemented, individuals tended to move deeper into a resource cluster in scenarios with moderate resource density than in scenarios with high resource density. “Looping” from patches was more likely if patches were large and of high quality. Our simulations demonstrate that spatial structure in populations may emerge if critical resources are heterogeneously distributed and if individuals follow simple movement rules (such as ACS). Neither the perception of habitat nor an explicit decision to emigrate from a patch on the side of acting individuals is necessary for the emergence of such spatial structure.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 2‐Aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 1,4‐Quinones through C−H Activation
Authors: Siva Sankaram G. , Sridhar B. , Subba Reddy B. V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRh(III) catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2‐aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 1,4‐quinones has been achieved for the synthesis of a novel class of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐f]phenanthridine‐1,4‐dione frameworks through a sequential C−C and C−N bond formations in a single‐step operation. This is the first report on the oxidative annulation of 2‐aryl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles with 1,4‐quinones to produce highly functionalized phenanthridine‐1,4‐dione derivatives.
Effect of changing injection pressure on mahua oil‐based biodiesel combustion with blended Al2O3 nanoparticles on CI engine performance and emission parameters
Authors: Kambala Simhadri , Potnuru Srinivasa Rao , Paswan Mani Kant 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlternative fuels have drawn a lot of interest as oil and gas sources have depleted and environmental concerns have grown. An alternative fuel being researched as a potential replacement for fossil fuels is biodiesel. A 5.2 KW, 4‐stroke, single‐cylinder diesel engine's Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics were evaluated in this study at 1500 rpm with various fuel injection pressures (180, 200, 220, and 240 bar). B20 (80 percent diesel and 20 percent mahua biodiesel) was created by blending mahua oil‐based biodiesel with plain diesel at a 20/80 ratio. Al2O3 nanoparticles were then added at four different quantities, including 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. It is found that BTE was improved by 6.1% and BSFC was reduced by 2.5% for B20A25over diesel at the FIP of 220 bar. In‐cylinder pressure was higher and HRR was raised by 7.2% for B20A25compared to diesel at 180 bar. CO emission was reduced by 39% in B20A25 when compared to biodiesel blend at 180 bar. When compared to diesel at 180 bar, B20A25's HC and CO2 emissions were reduced by 7.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Smoke for B20A25 at 240 bar was 3.6 percent lower than diesel. Maximum NOx emissions reduction was seen when Al2O3 nanoparticles were added to the blend at 220 bar FIP.
Optimal parameters identification strategy of a lead acid battery model for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Achaibou Nadia , Ferahtia Seydali , Djerioui Ali , Chouder Aissa , Rezk Hegazy , Houari Azeddine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExtracting the parameters of a lead‐acid battery under real‐world operating conditions is a significant part of solar photovoltaic (PV) engineering. Usually, the battery management system handles the battery system based on its model. However, its model's parameters can change due to its electrochemical nature. Hence, enhancing the model parameters' accuracy is required to achieve a reliable and accurate model. This research employs an improved methodology for extracting lead‐acid battery data outdoors. The suggested method combines numerical and analytical formulations of parametric battery models for solar PV energy storage. The Shepherd model, which considers the battery's non‐linear properties, is selected in this paper. Based on a modern meta‐heuristic marine predator algorithm, the parameters of two solar lead‐acid batteries are discovered using an optimal parameter identification technique (MPA). The MPA exhibits its capability in terms of fast convergence and accuracy. The acquired test results are compared to those produced by the salp swarm algorithm, artificial eco‐system optimizer, hunger games search, a new optimization meta‐heuristic method that inspires the behavior of the swarm of birds called COOT, and honey badger algorithm in terms of efficiency, convergence speed, and identification accuracy. The findings demonstrated that the MPA outperformed the other optimizers in identifying ability. This optimizer achieved 99.99% identification efficiency for both Bergan and Banner battery types, making it an excellent battery identification option.
An overview of frequency‐based power split strategies in electric vehicles with battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Çorapsız Muhammed Reşit , Kahveci Hakan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEnergy management in hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) consisting of battery and supercapacitor packages has an essential role in the efficient and safe use of energy storage devices. In the mentioned HESSs, with frequency separation‐based energy management, the source with slow dynamics (eg, batteries) is supported by other sources with fast dynamics (eg, supercapacitors). To realize power sharing in the battery/supercapacitor HESS, the load current is divided into low‐ and high‐frequency components and supplied/allocated from energy storage devices. This review touches on the historical development of electric vehicles and includes extensive information about the battery and supercapacitor. It also comprehensively analyzes frequency separation‐based power allocation strategies for battery/supercapacitors HESS. These strategies were investigated in detail regarding their features, advantages, and restrictions. In addition, interconnection circuit topologies and control techniques used in frequency‐based power allocation were explained comprehensively. As a result, this study will serve as a guide on frequency‐based power separation principles in HESS.
Biocultural perspectives of infectious diseases and demographic evolution: Tuberculosis and its comorbidities through history
Authors: van Doren Taylor P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnthropologists recognize the importance of conceptualizing health in the context of the mutually evolving nature of biology and culture through the biocultural approach, but biocultural anthropological perspectives of infectious diseases and their impacts on humans (and vice versa) through time are relatively underrepresented. Tuberculosis (TB) has been a constant companion of humans for thousands of years and has heavily influenced population health in almost every phase of cultural and demographic evolution. TB in human populations has been dramatically influenced by behavior, demographic and epidemiological shifts, and other comorbidities through history. This paper critically discusses TB and some of its major comorbidities through history within a biocultural framework to show how transitions in human demography and culture affected the disease‐scape of TB. In doing so, I address the potential synthesis of biocultural and epidemiological transition theory to better comprehend the mutual evolution of infectious diseases and humans.
School staff responses to student reports of bullying: A scoping review
Authors: Gizzarelli Emily , Burns Sharyn , Francis Jacinta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIssue addressedBullying in schools has been associated with poor academic and mental health outcomes in students. While students are often encouraged to report bullying incidents to school staff, some students avoid reporting incidents as they lack faith in staff members' ability to intervene. This scoping review explored what is known about: staff responses to student reports of bullying; individual and school factors influencing staff responses; and strategies to improve staff responses when students report bullying incidents.MethodsArticles published between 2000 and 2021 were identified from six databases: ProQuest, EMBASE, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus and Taylor & Francis.ResultsFifteen studies were included in the final review. Three studies explored staff responses to student reports of bullying, while 12 studies examined responses to observed or hypothetical bullying incidents. Staff responses to student reports of bullying included no response, as well as responses addressing bullying targets, perpetrators, peers, and the school and wider community. Staff preparedness was a predictor of staff involvement following bullying incidents. Strategies to improve staff responses included whole‐school antibullying programs and training to increase staff efficacy.ConclusionsFew studies have examined real‐life responses to student reports of bullying, with most addressing staff responses to hypothetical bullying incidents. Professional development and preservice education for school staff should address responses to student reports of bullying.So what?Further research is needed to understand staff responses to real‐life student reports of bullying. Addressing individual and school factors influencing staff responses may ultimately prevent bullying behaviour in schools.
Digital light processing‐based multi‐material bioprinting: Processes, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Wu Yang , Su Hao , Li Ming , Xing Huayang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology based on digital light processing (DLP) has developed rapidly and shown application prospects in several fields such as pneumatic robotics, flexible electronics, and tissue engineering. In particular, DLP‐based multi‐material printing has been capable of constructing heterogeneous 3D structures with characteristic gradients. DLP 3D printing technology has a wide range of applications in the field of bioprinting due to its high precision and mild printing conditions, including functionalized artificial tissues, medical models, and bioreactors. This paper focuses on the development of DLP‐based multi‐material 3D printing technology and its applications in the field of bioprinting, followed by giving an outlook on future efforts on overcoming the challenges and obstacles of this promising technique.
An AS‐qPCR‐based method for the detection of Alzheimer's disease‐related SNPs
Authors: Chen Jing , Shi Bingjie , Li Yihao , Feng Yaru , Ni Jingnian , Shi Jing , Luo Chenyi , Wang Jianxun , Tian Jinzhou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most serious neurodegenerative diseases in the world and has a strong genetic predisposition. At present, there is still no effective method for the early diagnosis and prevention of AD. Accumulating evidence shows the association of several loci with AD risk, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40). However, for routine disease diagnosis in clinics, genotype detection methods based on gene sequencing technology are time‐consuming and excessively costly. Thus, in this study, we developed a high‐sensitivity, low‐cost, and convenient single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection assay method based on allele‐specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (AS‐qPCR) technology, which can be used to determine the SNP genotype in APOE and TOMM40. A total of 40 patients were recruited from the outpatient department of the memory clinic of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. The SNP detection assay method includes three steps. First, positive plasmids with different genotypes (TT/CC/TC) in APOE rs429358, rs7412, and TOMM40 rs11556505 were prepared. Second, 3′‐T/3′‐C primers were designed to amplify these positive plasmids for each SNP site. Finally, we calculated the log10 of the copy number ratio for each positive plasmid, and the genotype interpretation interval was established. Based on this method, we investigated whether the SNPs in 40 patients could be accurately calculated using AS‐qPCR technology. The accuracy of SNP detection was verified by PCR‐Pooling sequencing. The results showed that SNP genotypes assessed by AS‐qPCR technology corresponded perfectly to the results obtained by conventional DNA sequencing. We have developed a genotype detection method for AD based on AS‐qPCR, which can be performed easily, rapidly, accurately, and at low cost. The method will contribute to the early diagnosis of patients with late‐onset Alzheimer's and the detection of large clinical samples in the future.
IGF2BP2, an RNA‐binding protein regulates cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by stabilizing SRF mRNA
Authors: Zhou Zimo , Chen Senxiang , Wu Tong , Chen Yifeng , Cao Yuxiao , Huang Ying , Liu Da 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOsteoblast proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (OGD) are regulated by complex mechanisms. The roles in cell proliferation and OGD of RNA‐binding proteins in the insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein (IGF2BP) family remain unclear. To elucidate this, we examined the differential expression of IGF2BP2 in OGD and osteoporosis, and the expression profile of IGF2BP2‐binding RNA in vitro. We screened the GEO database for differential expression of IGF2BP in OGD and osteoporosis, and verified the RNAs interacting with IGF2BP2 via RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing assays. The proliferation and OGD of IGF2BP2‐ and serum response factor (SRF)‐treated cells, and their regulatory mechanisms, were examined. IGF2BP2 was differentially expressed in OGD and osteoporosis. The RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing assay identified all of the RNAs that bind with IGF2BP2, and revealed SRF as a target of IGF2BP2. IGF2BP2 and SRF inhibition impaired MC3T3‐E1 cell growth but promoted OGD. The mRNA stability analysis revealed that IGF2BP2 enhanced SRF mRNA stability against degradation. In summary, IGF2BP2 is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for osteoporosis and OGD.