bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene Environmental Evolution Response to the Human Activities and East Asian Summer Monsoon Variation in the Liangzhu Ancient City Complex, Eastern China
Authors: Zou Chunhui , Mao Longjiang , Shan Siwei , Zhaocheng Shuangping , Mo Duowen 
Published: June 2022

The Liangzhu Ancient City Complex is located in a low-lying coastal delta area, and its environmental evolution would have had a significant impact on the human-environment interactions. In this study, element geochemistry and grain size of the sediment sequence from a dam section in Ganggongling (GGL) reveal crucial aspects of sedimentary dynamics, environmental evolution, human activities, and East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM) variation in the Liangzhu area since 5500 a. Starting from the middle-to-late Holocene, the GGL section shows an overall transition from warm humidity to cold-dry, which is consistent with the climate record dimension in southern China. Through comprehensive analysis of the sedimentary environment before and after the dam’s completion, it can be found that the Ganggongling dam has played a positive role in regulating mountain torrents and met the needs of production and domestic water, such as rice planting through water storage. Further applications on the multi-decadal to centennial time scale demonstrate that variations in solar activity may control the EASM intensity mainly in southern China, which is subject to ENSO intensity changes.
Temperature and Pressure Effects on HMX/Graphene via ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Yun Xiaopeng , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2022

Studying the thermal decomposition of energetic materials at high temperatures can provide detailed reaction and mechanistic information, which is critical for understanding the reactivity of energetic materials, designing mixed explosives, and achieving improved safety. In this work, the effects of temperature and pressure on graphene (Gr)-based HMX crystals were investigated using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. The thermal decomposition processes of perfect HMX crystals, HMX crystals with (001), (010), or (100) crystal planes, and HMX/Gr mixed systems were studied at high temperatures and pressures. In the mixed systems, different configurations of HMX molecules adsorbed on the Gr surface were confirmed by theoretical calculation methods. With the pressure ranging from atmospheric pressure to 31 GPa, 3, 5, and 3 configurations of HMX adsorbed on the Gr surface were identified for the (001)/Gr, (010)/Gr, and (100)/Gr systems, respectively. The time-dependent curves for the evolution of fragments, intermediates, and pyrolysis products were analyzed. The rate constant for the thermal decomposition of HMX was found to be significantly affected by the addition of Gr. In particular, the thermal decomposition reaction was strongly inhibited in the (010)/Gr system. This result indicates that Gr promotes an anisotropic thermal effect, resulting from the steric hindrance of the NO2 functional groups and the interaction between Gr and HMX molecules. Gr also affected the initial reaction pathway of homolytic N–NO2 bond cleavage, with C=O, C–OH, and C–OC bonds on the Gr surface participating in the formation of nitro radicals and HONO.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Topographic Mapping System for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Specimens
Authors: Xiao Yu , Song Zhigang , Zou Shuangmei , You Yan , Cui Jie , Wang Shuhao , Ku Calvin , Wu Xi , Xue Xiaowei , Han Wenqi , Zhou Weixun 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), a minimally invasive surgery used to treat early gastrointestinal malignancies, has been widely embraced around the world. The gross reconstruction of ESD specimens can facilitate a more precise pathological diagnosis and allow endoscopists to explore lesions thoroughly. The traditional method of mapping is time-consuming and inaccurate. We aim to design a topographic mapping system via artificial intelligence to perform the job automatically.MethodsThe topographic mapping system was built using computer vision techniques. We enrolled 23 ESD cases at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September to November 2019. The reconstruction maps were created for each case using both the traditional approach and the system.ResultsUsing the system, the time saved per case ranges from 34 to 3,336 s. Two approaches revealed no significant variations in the shape, size, or tumor area.ConclusionWe developed an AI-assisted system that would help pathologists complete the ESD topographic mapping process rapidly and accurately.
Effects of Early Bedside Cycle Exercise on Gastrointestinal Function in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Yu Tingting , Cai Fuliang , Jiang Rong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundA prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with gastrointestinal failure, which may have a destructive effect on functional status within 1 year after hospital discharge. The aim was to investigate the effects of a daily exercise session, using a bedside cycle ergometer, on gastrointestinal functions, such as diarrhea, gastric retention, and vomiting, in patients with severe pneumonia who received mechanical ventilation (MV).MethodsThe study was a randomized controlled trial, and its setting was the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Eastern China. A total of 102 critically ill patients who received MV were recruited only when their cardiorespiratory function was deemed stable to perform a bedside cycling exercise. Those patients were expected to spend a minimum of 7 days in the ICU. All subjects received respiratory physiotherapy and performed a daily standardized passive or active motion session of their limbs. The patients were randomized into two groups, namely, the treatment group, which were administered passive or active leg exercise intervention for 20 min/day using a bedside ergometer, and the control group, which did not. Gastrointestinal (GI) functions and the nutritional status of both groups were evaluated on the first, fourth, and seventh days of training and at discharge.ResultsDuring the 7 days of the study, the number of patients with diarrhea in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. In contrast, there were significantly more patients in the treatment group with increased bowel sounds (P &lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the number of patients with vomiting and gastric retention between these two groups. Moreover, when the patients were discharged from the hospital, the albumin level and lymphocyte count were significantly higher in the treatment group (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, the number of invasive ventilation days in the treatment group was less than that in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). While the ICU length of stay and the total hospitalization time were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionEarly exercise training in critical ICU survivors who received MV enhanced the recovery of gastrointestinal functions and improved the patient’s nutrition status at hospital discharge.
A Novel Phenotype of the Factor 5 Gene Mutation (Homozygote Met1736Val and Heterozygote Asp68His) Is Associated With Moderate Factor V Deficiency
Authors: Chang Yueh-Shih , Lan Yi-Cheng , Chen Ya-Jyun , Huang Jen-Seng , Yang Chia-Ning , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Yeh Kun-Yun 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFactor V (FV) deficiency is a rare disease, with a low incidence rate in Asia. Therefore, the F5 mutation in the Taiwanese population is poorly understood.MethodsA Chinese family with FV deficiency was included, and the patient and his family members underwent mutation analysis. Then, patients from Keelung City (Taiwan) were screened for F5 polymorphism; the Chang Gung Human Database was used to determine single-nucleotide variants in the non-FV-deficient patient population.ResultsEight mutation sites on the F5 gene locus, including exon 16 homozygote Met1736Val and seven heterozygous mutations, including Asp68His, were found. Moreover, Met1736Val was found to be the dominant mutation in people living in the Taiwan community, and this result was compared with the records of the Chang Gung Human Database. The above-mentioned polymorphisms may result in a variable incidence of FV deficiency in Keelung City, thereby facilitating carrier diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis in most FV-deficient families.ConclusionThe homozygote Met1736Val and the co-inheritance of the Asp68His F5 gene are unique and worthy of screening in FV-deficient patients.
Compartmentalization of Intrarenal Programmed Cell Death Protein 1-Ligand 1 and Its Receptor in Kidney Injury Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Tampe Désirée , Kopp Sarah Birgit , Baier Eva , Hakroush Samy , Tampe Björn 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundDue to advances in cancer therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are new classes of drugs targeting programmed cell death protein 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or its receptor (PD-1) used in many cancer therapies. Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a potential and deleterious immune-related adverse events (irAE) and the most common biopsy-proven diagnosis in ICI-related nephrotoxicity. AIN in patients receiving ICIs is was only seen in cases with tubular PD-L1 positivity, while PD-1 expression is limited to inflammatory cells and also observed in injured kidneys independent of ICI therapy. We have previously described that PD-L1 positivity can also be detected in glomerular and endothelial compartments. We here aimed to describe compartmentalization of renal PD-L1 expression specifically in injured kidneys with confirmed nephrotoxicity related to ICIs, its association with presence of PD-1, and clinical findings.MethodsWe included human kidney samples with AIN related to ICI therapy to describe PD-L1 and PD-1 expression localized to different renal compartments in association with clinical and laboratory parameters.ResultsWe herein report compartmentalization of PD-L1 with tubular positivity in all cases, partially overlapping with glomerular and endothelial PD-L1 positivity. Furthermore, we provide evidence that tubular PD-L1 in ICI-related nephrotoxicity correlates with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), while glomerular and endothelial PD-L1 positivity with lower serum levels of complement component C4. Interestingly, glomerular PD-L1 correlated with kidney function, while interstitial cell PD-1 positivity specifically with severity of kidney injury. Finally, we provide evidence for signaling pathways associated with intrarenal PD-L1/PD-1 expression.ConclusionOur findings implicate that that AIN related to ICI therapy requires presence of interstitial cells positive for PD-1, and that blocking PD-L1/PD-1 signaling may contribute to nephrotoxicity specifically related to these agents.
Co-existence of Multiple Anaplasma Species and Variants in Ticks Feeding on Hedgehogs or Cattle Poses Potential Threats of Anaplasmosis to Humans and Livestock in Eastern China
Authors: Qi Yong , Ai Lele , Zhu Changqiang , Lu Yongfeng , Lv Ruichen , Mao Yingqing , Lu Nianhong , Tan Weilong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAnaplasma spp., causative agents of anaplasmosis, pose significant a threat to public health and economic losses in livestock farming. Co-infections/co-existence of various Anaplasma spp. may facilitate pathogen interactions and the emergence of novel variants, represent potential dangers to public health and economic losses from livestock farming, and raise challenges of detection and diagnosis. The information regarding co-infection/co-existence of Anaplasma in their vector ticks and wild animals is limited and needs urgent investigation.MethodsWild hedgehogs and ticks from hedgehogs and cattle were collected from Jiangsu province, Eastern China, and DNA was extracted from hedgehog organs and tick homogenates. Various genera of species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nested PCR amplifications targeting 16S ribosomal RNA (rrs), msp4, or groEL gene coupled with sequencing were conducted to identify Anaplasma spp.ResultsAnaplasma phagocytophilum (1, 0.6%), A. marginale (2, 1.2%), A. platys variants xyn10pt-1 (13, 7.7%), xyn21pt-2 (3, 1.8%), and xyn3pt-3 (3, 1.8%), A. bovis variant cwp72bo-1 (12, 7.1%), and a novel Candidatus Cryptoplasma sp. (1, 0.6%) were identified in 168 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from cattle. A. platys variant xyn10pt-1 (20, 11.4%) and A. bovis variants cwp72bo-1 (12, 6.9%) and cwp55-36bo-2 (1, 0.6%) were detected in 173 H. flava ticks from hedgehogs. However, only A. bovis variant cwp72bo-1 (15, 46.7%) was identified in 32 Erinaceus amurensis hedgehogs. Various co-existence combinations were found only in ticks.ConclusionThe co-existence of various Anaplasma spp. and variants in H. flava and H. longicornis was detected for the first time in the world. The high infection rate of A. bovis in hedgehogs and its moderate infection rate in their parasitic ticks suggest that Er. amurensis hedgehog could be an important reservoir of A. bovis, rather than A. platys. Horizontal transmission of Anaplasma spp. may exist among different tick species via their shared hosts in the investigated area. This study provided epidemiological data that could be crucial for strategy development for early warning, prevention, and control of potential Anaplasma infections.
Worse Sleep Quality Aggravates the Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Yi Qu , Yu-Peng Chen , Jiang-Ting Li , Jing-Yi Li , Qi-Xiong Qin , Dan-Lei Wang , Jing-Wei Zhao , Zhi-Juan Mao , Yong-Jie Xiong , Zhe Min , Zheng Xue 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundsSleep disorders are the most common and disabling symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the associations between sleep characteristics and motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) in PD can provide evidence to guide therapeutic interventions and nursing strategies. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep characteristics and motor function and NMSs in PD using multiple approaches.MethodsA total of 328 participants were included, and all participants underwent Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) evaluation and clinical assessments of PD symptoms. We conducted Spearman's correlation to evaluate the associations between sleep and PD symptoms, nonlinear regression to assess the relationships between sleep habits and PD, and mediated analyses to test the effects of NMSs on global PSQI and PD severity, quality of life, and motor symptoms.ResultsPoor sleep was associated with more severe PD symptoms. In addition, the reflection point for bedtime was around 21:52, associated with motor symptoms, and insufficient and excessive total time spent in bed and nocturnal sleep duration were correlated with higher NMS burdens. The optimal points were 8–9.2 and 6.2–6.9 h, respectively. It was also discovered that NMSs played the mediating roles in global sleep with the quality of life, PD stages, and motor symptoms to a varying range of 6.8–95.4%.ConclusionsSleep disorders have a significant effect on the burden of PD symptoms. The current findings provide new insights into the monitoring and management of sleep and PD and need to be further explored in the future studies.
A Nomogram for Predicting Patent Foramen Ovale-Related Stroke Recurrence
Authors: Wu Zhuonan , Zhang Chuanjing , Liu Nan , Xie Wenqing , Yang Jinjin , Guo Hangyuan , Chi Jufang 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe high prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in cryptogenic stroke suggested a stroke-causing role for PFO. As risk factors for recurrence of such stroke are not recognized, clinicians cannot sufficiently identify, treat, and follow-up high-risk patients. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a prediction model for PFO-related stroke recurrence.MethodsThis study included 392 patients with PFO-related stroke in a training set and 164 patients with PFO-related stroke in an independent validation set. In the training set, independent risk factors for recurrence identified using forward stepwise Cox regression were included in nomogram 1, and those identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression were included in nomogram 2. Nomogram performance and discrimination were assessed using the concordance index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analyses (DCA). The results were also validated in the validation set.ResultsNomogram 1 was based on homocysteine (Hcy), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and albumin (ALB), and nomogram 2 was based on age, diabetes, hypertension, right-to-left shunt, ALB, prealbumin, hsCRP, and Hcy. The C-index of nomogram 1 was 0.861, which was not significantly different from that of nomogram 2 (0.893). The 2- and 5-year AUCs of nomogram 1 were 0.863 and 0.777, respectively. In the validation set, nomogram 1 still had good discrimination (C-index, 0.862; 2-year AUC, 0.839; 5-year AUC, 0.990). The calibration curve showed good homogeneity between the prediction by nomogram 1 and the actual observation. DCA demonstrated that nomogram 1 was clinically useful. Moreover, patients were successfully divided into two distinct risk groups (low and high risk) for recurrence rate by nomogram 1.ConclusionsNomogram 1, based on Hcy, hsCRP, and ALB levels, provided a more clinically realistic prognostic prediction for patients with PFO-related stroke. This model could help patients with PFO-related stroke to facilitate personalized prognostic evaluations.
Short Chain Fatty Acids Protect the Cognitive Function of Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy Mice via GPR43
Authors: Liao Hongsen , Li Haojia , Bao Hongguang , Jiang Li , Du Jiayue , Guo Yaoyi , Si Yanna 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the changes of fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content and gut microbiota composition in sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) mice, further evaluating the effect of SCFAs on cognitive function and the underlying mechanism in SAE mice.MethodsA total of 55 male adult C57BL/6 mice (2–3 months of age, 20–25 g) were divided into four groups randomly: sham group (n = 10), cecal ligation and puncture group (CLP group, n = 15), CLP+SCFAs group (n = 15), and CLP+SCFAs+GLPG0974 group (n = 15). Seven days after surgery, fecal samples were collected for microbiota composition and SCFA analysis from 6 mice in each group randomly. Behavioral test was applied to assess cognitive impairment at the same time. After that, mice were sacrificed and brain tissue was harvested for inflammatory cytokines analysis.ResultsThe levels of acetic acid (.57 ± 0.09 vs 2.00 ± 0.24, p &lt; 0.001) and propionic acid (.32 ± 0.06 vs .66 ± 0.12, p = 0.002) were significantly decreased in the CLP group compared with the sham group. The administration of SCFAs significantly increased the levels of acetic acid (1.51 ± 0.12 vs. 0.57 ± 0.09, p &lt; 0.001) and propionic acid (0.54 ± 0.03 vs. 0.32 ± 0.06, p = 0.033) in CLP+SCFAs group compared with CLP group. Relative abundance of SCFAs-producing bacteria, including Allobaculum (0.16 ± 0.14 vs. 15.21 ± 8.12, p = 0.037), Bacteroides (1.82 ± 0.38 vs. 15.21 ± 5.95, p = 0.002) and Bifidobacterium (0.16 ± 0.06 vs. 2.24 ± 0.48, p = 0.002), significantly decreased in the CLP group compared with the sham group. The behavioral tests suggested that cognitive function was impaired in SAE mice, which could be alleviated by SCFAs pretreatment. ELISA tests indicated that the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were elevated in SAE mice and SCFAs could lower them. However, the GPR43 antagonist, GLPG0974, could reverse the cognitive protective effect and anti-neuroinflammation effect of SCFAs.ConclusionOur study suggested that in SAE, the levels of acetate and propionate decreased significantly, accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis, particularly a decrease in SCFAs-producing bacteria. GPR43 was essential for the anti-neuroinflammation and cognitive protective effect of SCFAs in SAE.
Network-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation May Modulate Gait Variability in Young Healthy Adults
Authors: Zhou Rong , Zhou Junhong , Xiao Yanwen , Bi Jiawei , Biagi Maria Chiara , Ruffini Giulio , Gouskova Natalia A. , Manor Brad , Liu Yu , Lü Jiaojiao , Lo On-Yee 
Published: June 2022

PurposePrevious studies have linked gait variability to resting-state functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default network (DN) in the brain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a novel transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paradigm designed to simultaneously facilitate the excitability of the DAN and suppress the excitability of the DN (i.e., DAN+/DN-tDCS) on gait variability and other gait characteristics in young healthy adults.MethodsIn this double-blinded randomized and sham-controlled study, 48 healthy adults aged 22 ± 2 years received one 20-min session of DAN+/DN-tDCS (n = 24) or no stimulation (the Sham group, n = 24). Immediately before and after stimulation, participants completed a gait assessment under three conditions: walking at self-selected speed (i.e., normal walking), walking as fast as possible (i.e., fast walking), and walking while counting backward (i.e., dual-task walking). Primary outcomes included gait stride time variability and gait stride length variability in normal walking conditions. Secondary outcomes include gait stride time and length variability in fast and dual-task conditions, and other gait metrics derived from the three walking conditions.ResultsCompared to the Sham group, DAN+/DN-tDCS reduced stride length variability in normal and fast walking conditions, double-limb support time variability in fast and dual-task walking conditions, and step width variability in fast walking conditions. In contrast, DAN+/DN-tDCS did not alter average gait speed or the average value of any other gait metrics as compared to the sham group.ConclusionIn healthy young adults, a single exposure to tDCS designed to simultaneously modulate DAN and DN excitability reduced gait variability, yet did not alter gait speed or other average gait metrics, when tested just after stimulation. These results suggest that gait variability may be uniquely regulated by these spatially-distinct yet functionally-connected cortical networks. These results warrant additional research on the short- and longer-term effects of this type of network-based tDCS on the cortical control of walking in younger and older populations.