bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SQUINT Positively Regulates Resistance to the Pathogen Botrytis cinerea via miR156–SPL9 Module in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Ting , Zhou Qi , Zhou Zhou , Song Yuxiao , Li You , Wang Hong-Bin , Liu Bing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
SQUINT (SQN) regulates plant maturation by promoting the activity of miR156, which functions primarily in the miR156–SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE9 (SPL9) module regulating plant growth and development. Here, we show that SQN acts in the jasmonate (JA) pathway, a major signaling pathway regulating plant responses to insect herbivory and pathogen infection. Arabidopsis thaliana sqn mutants showed elevated sensitivity to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea compared with wild type. However, SQN is not involved in the early pattern-triggered immunity response often triggered by fungal attack. Rather, SQN positively regulates the JA pathway, as sqn loss-of-function mutants treated with B. cinerea showed reduced JA accumulation, JA response and sensitivity to JA. Furthermore, the miR156–SPL9 module regulates plant resistance to B. cinerea: mir156 mutant, and SPL9 overexpression plants displayed elevated sensitivity to B. cinerea. Moreover, constitutively expressing miR156a or reducing SPL9 expression in the sqn-1 mutant restored the sensitivity of Arabidopsis to B. cinerea and JA responses. These results suggest that SQN positively modulates plant resistance to B. cinerea through the JA pathway, and the miR156–SPL9 module functions as a bridge between SQN and JA to mediate plant resistance to this pathogen.
A. thaliana Hybrids Develop Growth Abnormalities through Integration of Stress, Hormone and Growth Signaling
Authors: Sageman-Furnas Katelyn , Nurmi Markus , Contag Meike , Plötner Björn , Alseekh Saleh , Wiszniewski Andrew , Fernie Alisdair R , Smith Lisa M , Laitinen Roosa A E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Hybrids between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions are important in revealing the consequences of epistatic interactions in plants. F1 hybrids between the A. thaliana accessions displaying either defense or developmental phenotypes have been revealing the roles of the underlying epistatic genes. The interaction of two naturally occurring alleles of the OUTGROWTH-ASSOCIATED KINASE (OAK) gene in Sha and Lag2-2, previously shown to cause a similar phenotype in a different allelic combination in A. thaliana, was required for the hybrid phenotype. Outgrowth formation in the hybrids was associated with reduced levels of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid in petioles and the application of these hormones mitigated the formation of the outgrowths. Moreover, different abiotic stresses were found to mitigate the outgrowth phenotype. The involvement of stress and hormone signaling in outgrowth formation was supported by a global transcriptome analysis, which additionally revealed that TCP1, a transcription factor known to regulate leaf growth and symmetry, was downregulated in the outgrowth tissue. These results demonstrate that a combination of natural alleles of OAK regulates growth and development through the integration of hormone and stress signals and highlight the importance of natural variation as a resource to discover the function of gene variants that are not present in the most studied accessions of A. thaliana.
The Scandal of Women’s Emancipation. Femonationalism, Right-Wing Sexual Politics, and Anti-Feminism
Authors: Möser Cornelia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, several publications in gender studies have been grappling with conservative and reactionary politics claiming to defend women and sexual minorities against immigrants. Sara Farris’s concept of femonationalism offers explanations for the paradox of far-right actors pretending to care about women and sexual minorities and some feminists making racist statements. Yet Farris’s methodology as well as her arguments show important shortcomings. In a close reading of Farris’s book, this article refutes her hypothesis of a conversion of far-right, EU, neoliberal, and feminist politics and lays out alternative perspectives in order to develop a better understanding of the ongoing phenomenon. The article deconstructs the false opposition of heterosexual familialist migrant and Muslim communities versus queer-friendly feminist Europeans. In presenting recent feminist studies, the article suggests it is necessary to understand paradoxical far-right sexual politics in their familialist, capitalist, and colonialist contexts.
Taxonomic Reclassification of the Fungal Pathogen Causing Dry Berry Disease of Caneberries into the Division Ascomycota as Monilinia rubi
Authors: Weldon William A. , McGhee Gayle C. , Jones Lisa A. , Stockwell Virginia O. 
Published: April 2022

As molecular genetic techniques improve and sequence data becomes available for more fungal species, taxonomic classifications historically based upon growth morphology alone are being revisited and occasionally reclassified. Herein, we present such an instance for the fungal pathogen that causes dry berry disease of caneberries. The organism was previously described as the basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia rubi based upon the pathogen’s production of Rhizoctonia-like angular branching hyphae. Utilizing molecular genetic techniques unavailable when the pathogen was first characterized in 1959, three housekeeping gene regions (ITS, β-tubulin, and G3PDH) were sequenced across 13 contemporary dry berry isolates, as well as the original 1959 R. rubi type strain, CBS382.59. The resulting neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian phylogenies for single and multilocus sequences provide strong evidence that the dry berry pathogen was misclassified. This data, in addition to revisiting in vivo macroscopic and microscopic growth morphology, again comparing contemporary dry berry isolates to the CBS382.59 type strain, suggests that the causal organism is a new species within the genus Monilinia that we propose be classified as Monilinia rubi. A transition from designation as a basidiomycete fungus to an ascomycete fungus could have implications on chemical management decisions, as well as the assumptions made about cell structure and the pathogen’s putative life cycle.
Single-staged Tunneled Forehead Flap for Medial Canthal and Eyelid Reconstruction
Authors: Brundridge Wesley L. , Sismanis Dimitrios N. , Altman Adam H. , DeBacker Christopher M. , Holck David E.E. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The paramedian forehead flap, while initially used for reconstruction of nasal defects, has been adapted for repair of anatomical subunits in the medial canthal and eyelid area. A significant obstacle for utilizing the flap has been the bulky, unsightly vascular pedicle that is maintained between surgical stages. We describe our surgical experience using the tunneled variation in a single stage procedure.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed of three surgeons’ charts over a 5-year period. All patients who underwent the tunneled paramedian forehead flap variation were selected. Outcomes measured included underlying pathology, Mohs defect area and depth, and canalicular involvement.

Results:
A total of 20 tunneled flaps were performed after successful Mohs excision of cutaneous malignancies. The average Mohs defect surface area was 13.57 cm2 with depth down to periosteum (n = 13), bone (n = 5), or orbital fat (n = 2). Five patients had full-thickness eyelid defects (25%), and nine (45%) had canalicular defects. The overall complication rate for this study was low with no flap failure. Two patients (10%) desired thinning of the subcutaneous flap for improved cosmesis, and one patient (5%) required further eyelid revision due to the complexity of the initial Mohs defect. The remaining 17 patients required no further surgical procedures.

Conclusion:
The tunneled paramedian forehead flap is a useful technique for medial canthal and eyelid reconstruction. This technique allows reconstruction of a challenging area. Complication rates are low, and this tunneled variation provides a single stage variation to the traditional multistage forehead pedicle flap.
The Effect of Teprotumumab on Eyelid Position in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Simmons Brittany A. , Tran Charlene , Pham Chau M. , Shriver Erin M. 
Published: April 2022

Summary:
Teprotumumab has been shown to improve proptosis and clinical activity scores (CAS) in patients with thyroid eye disease, but little has been published regarding its effects on eyelid retraction. The purpose of this work was to evaluate changes in eyelid position in thyroid eye disease patients after teprotumumab. Eight patients completed eight cycles of teprotumumab. Data collected included exophthalmometry; clinical activity scores; margin reflex distance (MRD) 1; MRD2; and pre-, during, and posttreatment photographs. ImageJ analysis was also used to evaluate eyelid position in photographs. Proptosis significantly improved in 15 of 16 orbits [mean 4.75 ± 2.07 mm reduction (P = 0.0001) in study orbits and mean 3.00 ± 2.14 mm reduction (P = 0.0048) in nonstudy orbits]. CAS was significantly reduced (pretreatment mean 4.88 mm and posttreatment mean 1.88 mm, P = 0.006). MRD1 decreased in 11 of 16 orbits and increased in five orbits (P = 0.18 in study orbits and P = 0.22 in nonstudy orbits). MRD2 decreased in six of 16 orbits and increased in eight orbits (P = 0.49 in study orbits and P = 0.43 in nonstudy orbits). Patients exhibited variable changes in eyelid position with teprotumumab. There was a statistically insignificant decrease in MRD1 after teprotumumab. Proptosis reduction led to unpredictable changes in MRD1 and MRD2. Severity of eyelid retraction did not correlate with clinical activity score response to teprotumumab. There are inherent difficulties in evaluating eyelid position in thyroid eye disease, which may necessitate a paradigm shift in how patients are examined, measured, and photographed.
Adult Cognitive Outcomes Following Childhood Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chadwick Leah , Peckham S. Benjamin , Yeates Keith Owen 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
This review aimed to (1) summarize the existing literature regarding cognitive outcomes in adults with a history of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and (2) identify gaps in the literature to provide directions for future research.

Participants:
Participants sustained mTBI in childhood (0-17 years of age) and underwent cognitive assessment in adulthood (older than 18 years) at least 1 year postinjury.

Design:
MEDLINE Ovid and PsycINFO Ovid databases were searched to identify original research studies that examined adult cognitive outcomes after childhood mTBI.

Main Measures:
Cognitive outcome measures assessed memory, attention, visuospatial abilities, processing speed, comprehension, reasoning, intellectual functioning, and executive functioning. Outcome measures ranged from self-reported cognitive symptoms to objective testing.

Results:
A total of 4216 articles were screened, leading to the inclusion of 6 published studies for review (3 prospective cohort and 3 retrospective cohort), with 131 537 participants (mTBI = 6724; controls = 123 823). Review of the included articles suggests that adults with a history of childhood mTBI perform within the average range expected for adult cognitive functioning, although they may perform more poorly than non–head-injured comparison groups on a variety of cognitive measures. Injury-related factors, such as requiring electroencephalography within 24 hours of injury and posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than 30 minutes, may be associated with variability in adult cognitive outcomes.

Conclusion:
The weight of the available evidence suggests that childhood mTBI does not have a significant impact on adult cognitive functioning. However, further research is needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term cognitive outcomes of childhood mTBI and to identify predictors of those outcomes in adulthood.
Chronic pain and COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality: a UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Hastie Claire E. , Foster Hamish M.E. , Jani Bhautesh D. , O'Donnell Catherine A. , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Sattar Naveed , Katikireddi Srinivasa V. , Mair Frances S. , Nicholl Barbara I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The risk of COVID-19 in those with chronic pain is unknown. We investigated whether self-reported chronic pain was associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation or mortality. UK Biobank recruited 502,624 participants aged 37 to 73 years between 2006 and 2010. Baseline exposure data, including chronic pain (>3 months, in at least 1 of 7 prespecified body sites) and chronic widespread pain (>3 months, all over body), were linked to COVID-19 hospitalisations or mortality. Univariable or multivariable Poisson regression analyses were performed on the association between chronic pain and COVID-19 hospitalisation and Cox regression analyses of the associations with COVID-19 mortality. Multivariable analyses adjusted incrementally for sociodemographic confounders, then lifestyle risk factors, and finally long-term condition count. Of 441,403 UK Biobank participants with complete data, 3180 (0.7%) were hospitalised for COVID-19 and 1040 (0.2%) died from COVID-19. Chronic pain was associated with hospital admission for COVID-19 even after adjustment for all covariates (incidence rate ratio 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.24; P < 0.001), as was chronic widespread pain (incidence rate ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.06-1.66; P = 0.012). There was clear evidence of a dose-response relationship with number of pain sites (fully adjusted global P-value < 0.001). After adjustment for all covariates, there was no association between chronic pain (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.89-1.15; P = 0.834) but attenuated association with chronic widespread pain (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04-2.16, P-value = 0.032) and COVID-19 mortality. Chronic pain is associated with higher risk of hospitalisation for COVID-19, but the association with mortality is unclear. Future research is required to investigate these findings further and determine whether pain is associated with long COVID.
Sequence dependencies and biophysical features both govern cleavage of diverse cut-sites by HIV protease
Authors: Samant Neha , Nachum Gily , Tsepal Tenzin , Bolon Daniel N.A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe infectivity of HIV-1 requires its protease cleave multiple cut-sites with low sequence similarity. The diversity of cleavage sites has made it challenging to investigate the underlying sequence properties that determine binding and turnover of substrates by PR. We engineered a mutational scanning approach utilizing yeast display, flow cytometry, and deep sequencing to systematically measure the impacts of all individual amino acid changes at 12 positions in three different cut-sites (MA/CA, NC/p1, and p1/p6). The resulting fitness landscapes revealed common physical features that underlie cutting of all three cut-sites at the amino acid positions closest to the scissile bond. In contrast, positions more than two amino acids away from the scissile bond exhibited a strong dependence on the sequence background of the rest of the cut-site. We observed multiple amino acid changes in cut-sites that led to faster cleavage rates, including a preference for negative charge five and six amino acids away from the scissile bond at locations where the surface of protease is positively charged. Analysis of individual cut sites using full-length matrix-capsid proteins indicate that long-distance sequence context can contribute to cutting efficiency such that analyses of peptides or shorter engineered constructs including those in this work should be considered carefully. This work provides a framework for understanding how diverse substrates interact with HIV-1 protease and can be extended to investigate other viral proteases with similar properties.
Microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance during diet-induced obesity
Authors: Douglass J.D. , Valdearcos M. , Ness K.M. , Wyse-Jackson A. , Dorfman M.D. , Frey J. M. , Niraula A. , Banerjee J. , Fasnacht R.D. , Robblee M. , Koliwad S.K. , Thaler J.P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHypothalamic gliosis associated with high fat diet (HFD) feeding increases susceptibility to hyperphagia and weight gain, and is therefore presumed to promote obesity-associated consequences such as glucose intolerance as well. Nevertheless, the body weight-independent contribution of microglial activation to glucose regulation has not been determined. Here we show that reducing microglial NF-κB signaling via cell-specific IKKβ deletion exacerbates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance despite reducing body weight and adiposity. This effect was associated with reduced activity of hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons. Conversely, a genetic approach to increase microglial inflammatory activity improved glucose tolerance independently of diet in lean rodents. To avoid confounding effects due to chronic alterations to microglial signaling pathways from dietary or genetic interventions, we developed an inducible model of microglial activation using DREADD-based chemogenetics. Gq-coupled GPCR activation rapidly increased microglial calcium levels, cytokine gene expression, and morphological hallmarks of inflammatory activation. In both lean and obese rodents, chemogenetic microglial activation caused a marked improvement in glucose tolerance along with increased activation of hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons, effects abrogated by central blockade of TNFα signaling. Thus, while diet-induced microglial activation promotes weight gain, it may also serve an adaptive function—to prevent the deterioration of glucose tolerance associated with obesity, an important consideration for immune-modulating metabolic therapies.
Transmission of Cervid prions to Humanized Mice Demonstrates the Zoonotic Potential of CWD
Authors: Hannaoui Samia , Zemlyankina Irina , Chang Sheng Chun , Arifin Maria Immaculata , Béringue Vincent , McKenzie Debbie , Schatzl Hermann M. , Gilch Sabine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrions cause infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of cervids, spreads efficiently among wild and farmed animals. Potential transmission to humans of CWD is a growing concern due to its increasing prevalence. Here, we provide the strongest evidence to date supporting the zoonotic potential of CWD prions, and their probable materialization in humans using mice expressing human prion protein (PrP) as an infection model. Inoculation of these mice with deer CWD isolates resulted in atypical clinical manifestations, with prion seeding activity and efficient transmissible infectivity in the brain and, remarkably, in feces. Intriguingly, the protease-resistant PrP in the brain resembled that found in a familial human prion disease and was transmissible upon second passage. Our results are the first evidence that CWD can infect humans with a distinctive clinical presentation, signature, and tropism, and might be transmissible between humans while current diagnostic assays might fail to detect it. These findings have major implications for public health and CWD management.
Two interdigitated fine-scale channels for encoding motion and stereopsis within the human magnocellular stream
Authors: Kennedy B. , Bex P. , Hunter D.G. , Nasr S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn humans and non-human primates (NHPs), motion and stereopsis are processed within fine-scale cortical sites, including V2 thick stripes and their extensions into areas V3 and V3A that are believed to be under the influence of magnocellular stream. However, in both species, the functional organization (overlapping vs. interdigitated) of these sites remains unclear. Using high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI), we found evidence for two interdigitated channels within human extrastriate areas that contribute to processing motion and stereopsis. Across multiple experiments that included different stimuli (random dots, gratings, and natural scenes), the functional selectivity of these channels for motion vs. stereopsis remained consistent. Furthermore, an analysis of resting state functional connectivity revealed stronger functional connectivity within the two channels rather than between them. This finding provides a new perspective toward the mesoscale organization of the magnocellular stream within the human extrastriate visual cortex, beyond our previous understanding based on animal models.
Process-driven quality improvement for scientific data based on information product map
Authors: Zong Wei , Lin Songtao , Gao Yuxing , Yan Yanying 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a process-driven scientific data quality (DQ) monitoring framework by information product map (IP-Map) in identifying the root causes of poor DQ issues so as to assure the quality of scientific data.

Design/methodology/approach
First, a general scientific data life cycle model is constructed based on eight classical models and 37 researchers’ experience. Then, the IP-Map is constructed to visualize the scientific data manufacturing process. After that, the potential deficiencies that may arise and DQ issues are examined from the aspects of process and data stakeholders. Finally, the corresponding strategies for improving scientific DQ are put forward.

Findings
The scientific data manufacturing process and data stakeholders’ responsibilities could be clearly visualized by the IP-Map. The proposed process-driven framework is helpful in clarifying the root causes of DQ vulnerabilities in scientific data.

Research limitations/implications
As for the implications for researchers, the process-driven framework proposed in this paper provides a better understanding of scientific DQ issues during implementing a research project as well as providing a useful method to analyse those DQ issues based on IP-Map approach from the aspects of process and data stakeholders.

Practical implications
The process-driven framework is beneficial for the research institutions, scientific data management centres and researchers to better manage the scientific data manufacturing process and solve the scientific DQ issues.

Originality/value
This research proposes a general scientific data life cycle model and further provides a process-driven scientific DQ monitoring framework for identifying the root causes of poor data issues from the aspects of process and stakeholders which have been ignored by existing information technology-driven solutions. This study is likely to lead to an improved approach to assuring the scientific DQ and is applicable in different research fields.
Overcoming social divisions with the public library
Authors: Igarashi Tomoya , Koizumi Masanori , Widdersheim Michael Majewski 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the full picture of how public libraries contribute to overcoming social division through their resources, programming and services.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review and analysis was conducted. Literature was collected from LISA and LISTA, two primary databases of library and information science literature. Through individual analyses and discussion among researchers, data from 47 documents were analyzed and classified into three categories: “digital”, “economic” and “demographic” divisions. Examples from the literature were used to illustrate how public libraries impact social division in each of these categories.FindingsThe three categories reveal that public libraries contribute to overcoming social division by reducing inequality and promoting interaction among citizens. This is done by addressing digital, economic and demographic divisions within society.Originality/valueThis study is the first to summarize in a comprehensive way how public libraries contribute to reducing social division. By classifying how public libraries address this important social issue, this study contributes to the literature about how social division can be overcome.