bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising the photothrombotic model of stroke in the C57BI/6 and FVB/N strains of mouse
Authors: Knezic Adriana , Broughton Brad R. S. , Widdop Robert E. , McCarthy Claudia A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe photothrombotic stroke model relies on the interaction between photosensitive-dye and light for clot formation. Interestingly, the relationship between the length of light exposure and stroke-outcome has never been examined. This model has yet to be established in the FVB/N strain, even though stroke-outcomes are strain-specific. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of different lengths of light exposure in two strains of mice on photothrombotic stroke. Male FVB/N and C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to stroke using 15, 18, or 20-min light exposure. Mice underwent functional testing for up to 7 days. Infarct volume was assessed with thionin staining, and cellular responses to injury analysed via immunofluorescence at 7-days post-stroke. Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown was assessed using Evans blue dye at 4.5-h post-stroke. Increasing light exposure from 15 to 20-min increased infarct volume but not functional deficit. Interestingly, there were strain-specific differences in functional outcomes, with FVB/N mice having less deficit on the hanging wire test than C57BI/6 after 15-min of light exposure. The opposite was seen in the adhesive removal test. There was no difference in the number of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, macrophages, and T cells between the strains, despite FVB/N mice demonstrating greater BBB breakdown and an enlarged spleen post-stroke. Increasing light exposure systematically increases infarct volume but does not worsen functional outcomes. FVB/N and C57Bl/6 mice exhibit subtle differences in functional outcomes post stroke, which highlights the need to choose tests which are appropriate for the mouse strain being used.
A low-dimensional representation of arm movements and hand grip forces in post-stroke individuals
Authors: Kanzler Christoph M. , Averta Giuseppe , Schwarz Anne , Held Jeremia P. O. , Gassert Roger , Bicchi Antonio , Santello Marco , Lambercy Olivier , Bianchi Matteo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCharacterizing post-stroke impairments in the sensorimotor control of arm and hand is essential to better understand altered mechanisms of movement generation. Herein, we used a decomposition algorithm to characterize impairments in end-effector velocity and hand grip force data collected from an instrumented functional task in 83 healthy control and 27 chronic post-stroke individuals with mild-to-moderate impairments. According to kinematic and kinetic raw data, post-stroke individuals showed reduced functional performance during all task phases. After applying the decomposition algorithm, we observed that the behavioural data from healthy controls relies on a low-dimensional representation and demonstrated that this representation is mostly preserved post-stroke. Further, it emerged that reduced functional performance post-stroke correlates to an abnormal variance distribution of the behavioural representation, except when reducing hand grip forces. This suggests that the behavioural repertoire in these post-stroke individuals is mostly preserved, thereby pointing towards therapeutic strategies that optimize movement quality and the reduction of grip forces to improve performance of daily life activities post-stroke.
Learning induces coordinated neuronal plasticity of metabolic demands and functional brain networks
Authors: Klug Sebastian , Godbersen Godber M. , Rischka Lucas , Wadsak Wolfgang , Pichler Verena , Klöbl Manfred , Hacker Marcus , Lanzenberger Rupert , Hahn Andreas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe neurobiological basis of learning is reflected in adaptations of brain structure, network organization and energy metabolism. However, it is still unknown how different neuroplastic mechanisms act together and if cognitive advancements relate to general or task-specific changes. Therefore, we tested how hierarchical network interactions contribute to improvements in the performance of a visuo-spatial processing task by employing simultaneous PET/MR neuroimaging before and after a 4-week learning period. We combined functional PET and metabolic connectivity mapping (MCM) to infer directional interactions across brain regions. Learning altered the top-down regulation of the salience network onto the occipital cortex, with increases in MCM at resting-state and decreases during task execution. Accordingly, a higher divergence between resting-state and task-specific effects was associated with better cognitive performance, indicating that these adaptations are complementary and both required for successful visuo-spatial skill learning. Simulations further showed that changes at resting-state were dependent on glucose metabolism, whereas those during task performance were driven by functional connectivity between salience and visual networks. Referring to previous work, we suggest that learning establishes a metabolically expensive skill engram at rest, whose retrieval serves for efficient task execution by minimizing prediction errors between neuronal representations of brain regions on different hierarchical levels.
Arabidopsis nitrate-induced aspartate oxidase gene expression is necessary to maintain metabolic balance under nitrogen nutrient fluctuation
Authors: Saito Moriaki , Konishi Mineko , Miyagi Atsuko , Sakuraba Yasuhito , Kawai-Yamada Maki , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNitrate is a nutrient signal that regulates growth and development through NLP transcription factors in plants. Here we identify the L-aspartate oxidase gene (AO) necessary forde novoNAD+biosynthesis as an NLP target in Arabidopsis. We investigated the physiological significance of nitrate-inducedAOexpression by expressingAOunder the control of the mutantAOpromoter lacking the NLP-binding site in theaomutant. Despite morphological changes and severe reductions in fresh weight, the loss of nitrate-inducedAOexpression resulted in minimum effects on NAD(H) and NADP(H) contents, suggesting compensation of decreasedde novoNAD+biosynthesis by reducing the growth rate. Furthermore, metabolite profiling and transcriptome analysis revealed that the loss of nitrate-inducedAOexpression causes pronounced impacts on contents of TCA cycle- and urea cycle-related metabolites, gene expression profile, and their modifications in response to changes in the nitrogen nutrient condition. These results suggest that proper maintenance of metabolic balance requires the coordinated regulation of multiple metabolic pathways by NLP-mediated nitrate signaling in plants.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Hearing Loss Among Physicians in Jordan
Authors: Zaitoun Maha , Alqudah Safa , Nuseir Amjad 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physicians regarding hearing loss and its management among children in Jordan as an example of developing countries.

Method:
The cross-sectional survey composed of 18 questions was used to fulfill the aim of the study. The study population consisted of 335 physicians working in Jordan, with different specialties. The data were collected through site visits to a variety of health care facilities, as well as an online version of the survey to facilitate data collection and ensure participants' comfort.

Results:
The majority of physicians (30.7%) were general practitioners or family doctors, followed by pediatricians (12.8%). Most of the physicians (88.7%) had experience ranging from 1 to 10 years; the majority of physicians (60.3%) were younger than 30 years of age. Most of the physicians identified the importance of newborn hearing screening. Physicians showed limited knowledge about the management and intervention of infants with permanent hearing loss. Only 11.5% of respondents would refer a child with confirmed hearing loss to an audiologist, and 1.9% of them would refer to a speech therapist. Even though the majority of the physicians (69.0%) reported not receiving any training to deal with deaf and hard of hearing children, they felt confident in talking with parents about hearing loss and its management.

Conclusions:
This study revealed that physicians have limited knowledge regarding hearing loss in children as well as its management and intervention. Furthermore, this study illustrates the need for more ongoing medical education programs regarding hearing loss in children.
Study of the optimal active control of a trombone
Authors: Cavaillès Colas , Gazengel Bruno , Melon Manuel , Ayrault Christophe 
Published: May 2022

In the brass instrument family, the sound can be modified or attenuated using a mute, which is usually inserted in the bell of the instrument. The objective of this paper is to study the principle and the technological feasibility of an active mute using loudspeakers placed in front or around the instrument bell. This mute must reduce the acoustic power emitted by the instrument while avoiding any impact on its playability. At this stage, an optimal control is considered and no real-time controller is implemented. Results show that an active control placed outside the trombone is theoretically feasible and can be efficient to reduce the acoustic power up to 2000 Hz by placing a ring of sources around the bell and a source in front of the trombone. The instrument input impedance is very slightly affected by the control. In accordance with numerical simulations, the experiment showed that placing a control speaker very close in front of the bell of the instrument modifies the pressure field of the instrument in such a way that it allows to obtain a power attenuation greater than the predicted one. The control is technologically achievable but requires a high power for the closest source.
Retraction Note: Techno-economic analysis and modelling of the feasibility of wind energy in Kuwait
Authors: Kaboli Seyed Amir , Nazmabadi Reyhaneh 
Published: May 2022

The original Article was published on 06 January 2022.
The Editors have retracted this article because the authors have used data from a study without permission and without citing the source. The Editors received this information after the publication of the paper.
The authors have already responded to the correspondence from the editor/publisher about this retraction and confirm understanding our position.
Uric Acid and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Ischemic
Stroke: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yan Xue , Ren Zhong , Wen Quan , Jin Xi , Wang Ying , Zhang Weimin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSerum uric acid (UA) has been suggested to be correlated with outcomes after
stroke. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between serum
UA and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in patients with acute ischemic
stroke (AIS). Relevant observational studies were identified by search of
electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. A
randomized-effect model incorporating the possible between-study heterogeneity
was used to pool the results. Overall, eleven studies with 4246 patients of AIS
were included, 2073 (48.8%) of them had PSCI. Pooled results showed that
patients with PSCI had significantly higher level of serum UA as compared to
those without PSCI (mean difference: 35.70 μmol/l,
95% confidence interval (CI): 8.36 to 63.01, p=0.01;
I2=95%). Subgroup analysis showed significant higher level of
serum UA in patients with PSCI evaluated during follow-up of 3 months to 3
years, but not for those evaluated during hospitalization (p for subgroup
difference=0.01). In addition, results of meta-analysis also showed that
compared to patients with lower serum UA, AIS patients with higher serum UA had
increased risk of PSCI (odds ratio: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.73,
p=0.04; I2=72%). Higher level of serum UA after disease
onset may be a marker of increased risk of PSCI in patients with AIS. Although
these findings need to be validated in large-scale prospective studies, the
possible mechanisms underlying the association between UA and PSCI should be
also investigated.
Special cosmological models derived from the semiclassical Einstein equation on flat FLRW space-times
Authors: Gottschalk Hanno , Rothe Nicolai R , Siemssen Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article presents numerical work on a special case of the cosmological semiclassical Einstein equation (SCE). The SCE describes the interaction of relativistic quantum matter by the expected value of the renormalized stress–energy tensor of a quantum field with classical gravity. Here, we consider a free, massless scalar field with general (not necessarily conformal) coupling to curvature. In a cosmological scenario with flat spatial sections for special choices of the initial conditions, we observe a separation of the dynamics of the quantum degrees of freedom from the dynamics of the scale factor, which extends a classical result by Starobinski (1980Phys. Lett.B9199–102) to general coupling. For this new equation of fourth order governing the dynamics of the scale factor, we study numerical solutions. Typical solutions show a radiation-like Big Bang for the early Universe and de Sitter-like expansion for the late Universe. We discuss a specific solution to the cosmological horizon problem that can be produced by tuning parameters in the given equation. Although the model proposed here only contains massless matter, we give a preliminary comparison of the obtained cosmology with the ΛCDM standard model of cosmology and investigate parameter ranges in which the new models, to a certain extent, is capable of assimilating standard cosmology.
Negative thermal expansion of group III-Nitride monolayers
Authors: Sarikurt Sevil , Abdullahi Yusuf Zuntu , Durgun Engin , Ersan Fatih 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Materials with a negative thermal expansion coefficient have diverse potential applications in electronic engineering. For instance, mixing two materials with negative and positive thermal expansion coefficients can avoid changing volume with temperature. In this study, we investigate the variation of linear thermal expansion coefficients (LTECs) of group III-Nitride monolayers (h-XN, where X = B, Al, Ga, In) with temperature using quasi-harmonic approximation. We also explore phonon thermal properties of h-XN monolayers, including specific heat, entropy, and free energy. These systems are revealed to exhibit considerably high negative LTEC values below the room temperature. To understand the origin of negative thermal expansion, we analyze the contribution of individual phonon branches to the LTEC, and it is found that the highest contribution is originating from ZA (out-of-plane acoustic) phonon mode. While h-BN and h-AlN monolayers exhibit negative LTEC values in the studied temperature range (0–800 K), unlike their bulk counterparts, the negative LTEC values converge to the zero for h-GaN and h-InN monolayers above room temperatures. These findings can be crucial in designing h-XN based nanoscale heat devices.
Multi-frequency ultrasound tomography based on modified matrix regularization method and wavelet fusion
Authors: Hou Wenxiu , Tan Chao , Bao Yong , Dong Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Ultrasound tomography (UT) is a promising sensing technique for industrial processes owing to its advantages non-invasive, low cost, implement flexibility. Traditional UT may lack the distinguishability to resolve the flow with the complicated distribution. We propose a method that exploits the multi-frequency information to improve spatial resolution and resolve different inclusions. Firstly, multi-frequency ultrasound attenuation measurement information was collected and demodulated for tomographic reconstruction. Secondly, a hybrid reconstruction algorithm is proposed consisting of the modified matrix regularization and wavelet fusion methods. The proposed method can effectively reduce the artefact for the inclusion and sharpen the boundary, and detailed information can be reserved from the wavelet fusion. Thirdly, a multi-frequency experimental UT system is established to accomplish the 32 channels ultrasound signal excitation and reception. The performance of the proposed method is validated through numerical simulation and experimental study. The results show that the reconstruction metrics have been improved compared with the linear back projection and Tikhonov algorithms. We believe the proposed method can be used in the flow process prediction and diagnosis for industrial applications.
Impact of ambient temperature and thermal resistance on device performance of junctionless silicon-nanotube FET
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Kaushik Pragyey Kumar , Gupta Ankur , Singh Pushpapraj 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this article, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of electrothermal characteristics in the junctionless silicon-nanotube (Si-NT) field-effect-transistors is carried out using the Sentaurus TCAD. The combined study of the variation in thermal contact resistance (1 × 10−9 to 1 × 10−8 m2 W K−1), ambient temperature (300–400 K), and spacer length (5–20 nm) are performed. Significant improvements are observed in carrier temperature by 14%, lattice temperature by 13.7%, and gate leakage current from 0.787 nA to 0.218 fA due to the change in the spacer length. Further, a change in the drain current of 25.6% for thermal resistance (R
th) and of 11.62% due to ambient temperature is observed. We also show that the junctionless device suffers significantly less from self-heating effects because of the electric field intensity, which is much lower in the channel region.
Free-streaming and coupled dark radiation isocurvature perturbations: constraints and application to the Hubble tension
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Kumar Soubhik , Tsai Yuhsin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dark radiation (DR) appears as a new physics candidate in various scenarios beyond the Standard Model. While it is often assumed that perturbations in DR are adiabatic, they can easily have an isocurvature component if more than one field was present during inflation, and whose decay products did not all thermalize with each other.
By implementing the appropriate isocurvature initial conditions (IC), we derive the constraints on both uncorrelated and correlated DR density isocurvature perturbations from the full Planck 2018 data alone, and also in combination with other cosmological data sets.
Our study on free-streaming DR (FDR) updates and generalizes the existing bound on neutrino density isocurvature perturbations by including a varying number of relativistic degrees of freedom, and for coupled DR (CDR) isocurvature, we derive the first bound. We also show that for CDR
qualitatively new physical effects arise compared to FDR. One such effect is that for isocurvature IC, FDR gives rise to larger CMB anisotropies compared to CDR — contrary to the adiabatic case.
More generally, we find that a blue-tilt of DR isocurvature spectrum is preferred. This gives rise to a larger value of the Hubble constant H
0 compared to the standard ΛCDM+Δ N
eff cosmology with adiabatic spectra and relaxes the H
0 tension.
Spatio–temporal evolution dynamics of ultrashort Laguerre–Gauss vortices in a dispersive and nonlinear medium
Authors: Singh Shakti , Mishra Akhilesh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The additional degree of freedom as introduced by the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light has revolutionized the various technological applications. Optical pulses with OAM have applications in the generation of twisted attosecond pulses, ultrafast spectroscopy, telecommunication, high harmonic generation and in many other areas of physics as well. In this paper, we present a numerical investigation of the propagation dynamics of ultrashort Laguerre Gauss (LG) vortices using nonlinear envelope equation in a dispersive and nonlinear medium. Asymmetric splitting of ultrashort LG vortices in time at its bright caustic are observed above a certain pulse power. The asymmetric splitting owes its origin to space- time focussing. We also observe that spatial evolution at pulse center (t = 0 in pulse frame) and temporal evolution at bright caustic of the ultrashort LG vortex are quite similar. In the spectral domain, oscillatory structures are formed and above a certain peak power, we observe the generation of new frequency components with more intense lower frequency components.
Fabrication of a durable anti-icing composite coating based on polyurethane elastomer and silica nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Mingming , Liang Lu , Zhang Yi , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In order to design and fabricate hydrophobic, durable and anti-icing coating for aircraft, a polyurethane elastomer matrix was hydrophobically modified and incorporated with fluorinated SiO2 nanoparticles to prepare a micro/nanostructured coating. The micro/nanostructured coating with low surface energy displayed significantly improved mechanical properties and hydrophobicity, which exhibited the water contact angle of 162° as well as the sliding angle of 2°. The coating is highly stretchable, which could sustain large-scale extension, and exhibits tensile strength and elongation at break up to 16.22 MPa and 385%, respectively. Furthermore, the coating exhibited a remarkably weak ice adhesion strength of 14.33 kPa, on which the accumulative ice is prone to fall off under natural wind and its own weight. The coating sustained long-term superhydrophobic properties and anti-icing performance even after 1000 abrasion cycles. The proposed method for the production of scalable superhydrophobic coating is cost-effective and can be applied in aerospace and automotive anti-icing systems.
Nonconscious information can be identified as task-relevant but not prioritized in working memory
Authors: Pedale Tiziana , Fontan Aurelie , Grill Filip , Bergström Fredrik , Eriksson Johan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo critical features of working memory are the identification and appropriate use of task-relevant information while avoiding distraction. Here, in 3 experiments, we explored if these features can be achieved also for nonconscious stimuli. Participants performed a delayed match-to-sample task in which task relevance of 2 competing stimuli was indicated by a cue, and continuous flash suppression was used to manipulate the conscious/nonconscious visual experience. Experiment 1 revealed better-than-chance performance with nonconscious stimuli, demonstrating goal-directed use of nonconscious task-relevant information. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the cue that defined task relevance must be conscious to allow such goal-directed use. In Experiment 3, multi-voxel pattern analyses of brain activity revealed that only the target was prioritized and maintained during conscious trials. Conversely, during nonconscious trials, both target and distractor were maintained. However, decoding of task relevance during the probe/test phase demonstrated identification of both target and distractor information. These results show that identification of task-relevant information can operate also on nonconscious material. However, they do not support the prioritization of nonconscious task-relevant information, thus suggesting a mismatch in the attentional mechanisms involved during conscious and nonconscious working memory.