bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of thermo/halo stable cellulase produced from halophilic Virgibacillus salarius BM-02 using non-pretreated biomass
Authors: Yousef Naeima M. H. , Mawad Asmaa M. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe production of extremozymes from halophilic bacteria has increased significantly due to their stability and efficiency in catalyzing a reaction, as well as their capacity to display optimum activity at various salt concentrations. In the current study, the halophilic bacteriumVirgibacillus salariusstrain BM-02 could utilize many non-pretreated substrates including cellulose, corn stover, sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran as a sole carbon source. However, wheat bran was the best substrate for achieving optimum saccharification yield (90.1%). The partially purified cellulase was active and stable at a wide range of pH (5–8) with residual activities > 58%. Moreover, it was stable at 5–12% of NaCl. Metal ions have a variable impact on the activity of partially purified cellulase however, Fe+3exhibited the highest increase in the cellulase activity. The enzyme exhibited a thermal stability at 40, 50 and 60 °C with half-lives of 1049.50, 168.14 and 163.5 min, respectively. The value of Vmaxwas 22.27 U/mL while Km was 2.1 mM. The activation energy of denaturation Ed69.81 kJ/mol, the enthalpy values (ΔHd) were positive, and the entropy values (ΔS) were negative. Therefore,V. Salariusis recommended as a novel promising halophilic extremozyme producer and agricultural waste remover in the bio-industrial applications.Graphical abstract
Historical Roots and Seminal Papers of Quantum Technology 2.0
Authors: Scheidsteger Thomas , Haunschild Robin , Ettl Christoph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a historical study of Quantum Technology 2.0 using more than 66,000 papers from 1980 to 2020 that had been assigned to four subfields. We applied the method reference publication year spectroscopy to respective publication sets of the subfields in order to identify their historical roots and seminal papers. We found 126 of them in total, 43 in quantum metrology and sensing, 46 in quantum communication and cryptography, 42 in quantum computing, and 33 in quantum information science–with a significant overlap between subfields–which are all discussed in their relevance for the respective subfield. We compared the subfields regarding their interrelationship and distinctiveness in terms of their most influential papers and were able to deduce a common core set of five seminal publications in all four subfields.
Contributions of healthier diets and agricultural productivity toward sustainability and climate goals in the United States
Authors: Wu Grace C. , Baker Justin S. , Wade Christopher M. , McCord Gordon C. , Fargione Joseph E. , Havlik Petr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMeeting ambitious climate targets will require deploying the full suite of mitigation options, including those that indirectly reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Healthy diets have sustainability co-benefits by directly reducing livestock emissions as well as indirectly reducing land use emissions. Increased crop productivity could indirectly avoid emissions by reducing cropland area. However, there is disagreement on the sustainability of proposed healthy U.S. diets and a lack of clarity on how long-term sustainability benefits may change in response to shifts in the livestock sector. Here, we explore the GHG emissions impacts of seven scenarios that vary U.S. crop yields and healthier diets in the U.S. and overseas. We also examine how impacts vary across assumptions of future ruminant livestock productivity and ruminant stocking density in the U.S. We employ two complementary land use models—the US FABLE Calculator, an agricultural and forestry sector accounting model with high agricultural commodity representation, and GLOBIOM, a spatially explicit partial equilibrium optimization model for global land use systems. Results suggest that healthier U.S. diets that follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans reduce agricultural and land use greenhouse gas emissions by 25–57% (approx 120–310 MtCO2e/y) and pastureland area by 28–38%. The potential emissions and land sparing benefits of U.S. agricultural productivity growth are modest within the U.S. due to the increasing comparative advantage of U.S. crops. Our findings suggest that healthy U.S. diets can significantly contribute toward meeting U.S. long-term climate goals for the land use sectors.
Spatial Distribution of Dicrocoelium in the Himalayan Ranges: Potential Impacts of Ecological Niches and Climatic Variables
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asim , Afshan Kiran , Sargison Neil D. , Betson Martha , Firasat Sabika , Chaudhry Umer 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Dicrocoeliosis can be an important cause of production loss in ruminants due to the cost of liver condemnation at slaughter. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoelium infection and to predict the ecological niches and climatic variables that support dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan.

Methods and Results
Dicrocoelium was detected in 33 of 381 liver samples and 238 of 6060 blood samples taken from sheep and goat herds in the area. The prevalence of dicrocoeliosis was higher in sheep than in goats and highest in females aged more than 3 years. An environmental risk map was created to predict active zones of transmission and showed the highest probability values in central parts of the Chitral district in the northwest of Pakistan. Climatic variables of the mean monthly diurnal temperature range (Bio2), annual precipitation (Bio12), and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the presence of Dicrocoelium infection.

Conclusion
Together, the findings of this study demonstrate the most suitable ecological niches and climatic variables influencing the risk of dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. The methods and results could be used as a reference to inform the control of dicrocoeliosis in the region.
The Identification of Human Translational Biomarkers of Neuropathic Pain and Cross-Species Validation Using an Animal Model
Authors: Young Bethan , Stephenson John , Islam Barira , Burke Nikita N. , Jennings Elaine M. , Finn David P. , McHugh Patrick C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeuropathic pain is a common chronic condition, which remains poorly understood. Many patients receiving treatment continue to experience severe pain, due to limited diagnostic/treatment management programmes. The development of objective clinical diagnostic/treatment strategies requires identification of robust biomarkers of neuropathic pain. To this end, we looked to identify biomarkers of chronic neuropathic pain by assessing gene expression profiles in an animal model of neuropathic pain, and differential gene expression in patients to determine the potential translatability. We demonstrated cross-species validation of several genes including those identified through bioinformatic analysis by assessing their expression in blood samples from neuropathic pain patients, according to conservative assessments of significance measured using Bonferroni-correctedp-values. These includeCASP5(p = 0.00226),CASP8(p = 0.00587),CASP9(p = 2.09 × 10−9),FPR2(p = 0.00278),SH3BGRL3(p = 0.00633), andTMEM88(p = 0.00038). A ROC analysis revealed several combinations of genes to show high levels of discriminatory power in the comparison of neuropathic pain patients and control participants, of which the combinationSH3BGRL3,TMEM88, andCASP9achieved the highest level (AUROC = 0.923). TheCASP9gene was found to be common in five combinations of three genes revealing the highest levels of discriminatory power. In contrast, the gene combinationPLAC8,ROMO1, andA3GALT2showed the highest levels of discriminatory power in the comparison of neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain (AUROC = 0.919), when patients were grouped by S-LANSS scores. Molecules that demonstrate an active role in neuropathic pain have the potential to be developed into a biological measure for objective diagnostic tests, or as novel drug targets for improved pain management.
An analysis of weight initialization methods in connection with different activation functions for feedforward neural networks
Authors: Wong Kit , Dornberger Rolf , Hanne Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe selection of weight initialization in an artificial neural network is one of the key aspects and affects the learning speed, convergence rate and correctness of classification by an artificial neural network. In this paper, we investigate the effects of weight initialization in an artificial neural network. Nguyen-Widrow weight initialization, random initialization, and Xavier initialization method are paired with five different activation functions. This paper deals with a feedforward neural network, consisting of an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The paired combination of weight initialization methods with activation functions are examined and tested and compared based on their best achieved loss rate in training. This work aims to better understand how weight initialization methods in neural networks, in combination with activation functions, affect the learning speed in comparison after a fixed number of training epochs.
Immigrant Organizations and Labor Market Integration: The Case of Sweden
Authors: Sandberg Johan , Fredholm Axel , Frödin Olle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn line with recent trends in sociology of migration, the paper presents major research findings on Swedish immigrant organizations (SIOs) and their labor market integration activities. Analyses of engagement in these activities are particularly important as Sweden wrestles with significant problems of labor market marginalization, particularly among non-European migrants. Drawing on official data and interviews, we find surprisingly low incidence in direct labor market support but quite active indirect support. Our regression model shows significant correlation between region of origin and labor market activities, and further analyses using regional typologies indicate that SIOs’ activities are partly driven by members’ different modes of incorporation and relative integration, where Middle-Eastern SIOs stand out as particularly active. Our findings further indicate potential for scale-up of SIO-assistance in the Swedish Government’s efforts towards increased immigrant labor market integration.
A strong alcoholic drink does not influence self-assessments of the big five personality traits
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Sorokowska Agnieszka , Bianga Paweł , Sorokowski Piotr , Gosling Sam 
Published: November 2022

AbstractcAlohol affects how people think, feel, and behave, and how they perceive the physical and social world around them. But does alcohol also influence how people perceive themselves? Past work points to a number of possibilities, suggesting intoxication could lead to positive biases, to negative biases, or have no effects on self-assessments at all. Here we tested whether alcoholic intoxication affects self-assessments of personality within the Big Five personality framework. We hypothesized that intoxicated participants would see themselves more positively than non-intoxicated individuals would. We conducted a preregistered laboratory experiment on participants divided into three groups: alcohol intoxication (n = 106), placebo (n = 114), and control conditions (n = 109). Contrary to predictions, we found no differences in self-assessments of personality across conditions. Findings point to the possibility that self-assessments of personality may be too stable to be affected by the momentary changes in thoughts and feelings caused by alcoholic intoxication.
Decision support for efficient XAI services - A morphological analysis, business model archetypes, and a decision tree
Authors: Gerlach Jana , Hoppe Paul , Jagels Sarah , Licker Luisa , Breitner Michael H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe black-box nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and their associated explainability limitations create a major adoption barrier. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make AI models more transparent to address this challenge. Researchers and practitioners apply XAI services to explore relationships in data, improve AI methods, justify AI decisions, and control AI technologies with the goals to improve knowledge about AI and address user needs. The market volume of XAI services has grown significantly. As a result, trustworthiness, reliability, transferability, fairness, and accessibility are required capabilities of XAI for a range of relevant stakeholders, including managers, regulators, users of XAI models, developers, and consumers. We contribute to theory and practice by deducing XAI archetypes and developing a user-centric decision support framework to identify the XAI services most suitable for the requirements of relevant stakeholders. Our decision tree is founded on a literature-based morphological box and a classification of real-world XAI services. Finally, we discussed archetypical business models of XAI services and exemplary use cases.
The northernmost Eurasian Miocene beavers: Euroxenomys (Castoridae, Mammalia) from Olkhon Island, Lake Baikal (Eastern Siberia)
Authors: Mörs Thomas , Hägglund Signe , Erbajeva Margarita A. , Alexeeva Nadezhda , Shchetnikov Alexander A. , Daxner-Höck Gudrun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe castorid dental material described in this paper derives from Miocene, fossiliferous deposits of the Baikal rift valley, exposed at Tagay Bay on Olkhon Island in the Lake Baikal, in eastern Siberia. It consists of maxillary fragments and isolated upper and lower teeth of the small trogontheriine beaver Euroxenomys minutus (von Meyer, 1838). It is the first record of the species in Asia and at the same time the northernmost occurrence of Eurasian Miocene beavers. The magnetostratigraphic correlation of the Tagay -1 section, indicates a late Burdigalian, Early/early Middle Miocene age of ~16.5 to ~16.3 Ma that corresponds to the Mammalian Neogene zone MN4/5. The presence of E. minutus in Tagay is an indicator for an Orleanian European-Siberian bioprovince during the Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum, and for a continuous belt of humid, warm-temperate to subtropical forests, stretching from Europe to Siberia, and probably further to East and South-Eastern Asia. In Eurasia, beaver remains are an indicator of permanent water bodies, which is in agreement with the palaeoenvironment of the Tagay locality.
On the time dependence of the photon Compton wavelength
Authors: Fiordilino E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Proca equation is a generalisation of the Maxwell equations that modifies the potential of a constant charge at rest from the Coulomb to the Yukawa form and describes massive photons. In this paper, we assume time-dependent photon mass and solve the Proca equation for a charge at rest. It is found that the vector potential is non-vanishing and that the scalar potential has the form$$\Phi \bigl (r,x^0\bigr )=f\bigl (r,x^0\bigr )/r$$Φ(r,x0)=f(r,x0)/rwith$$x^0=ct$$x0=ctand, thus, is space-time dependent. The solution shows that an oscillating potential pulse leaves the charge at$$x^0=0$$x0=0and propagates with the speed of the light to modify the initial Yukawa potential. Experimentally the change of sign of the potential field at the charge location can be interpreted as a change of the sign of the charge. The picture that emerges from the theory is, then, that of charges that at the initial time emit massive radiation that fills the Universe. The period of the field oscillation is, however, increasing and suggests that after a long time the potential may become stabilised. A noteworthy consequence of the theory is that the present form of the Maxwell electrodynamics is only temporarily true.
Differences in Cognitive Triad, Biased Information Processing, and Metacognitive Beliefs Between Women with Depression and Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Śliwerski Andrzej , Koszałkowska Karolina , Mrowicka Aleksandra , Szafran Marta 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The timing of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) suggests that hormonal fluctuations are a key component in its pathogenesis. Unfortunately, women with PMS cannot be distinguished from asymptomatic women regarding biological markers. Research suggests that increased susceptibility to hormonal changes among women with PMS may be explained by the theory of cognitive vulnerability to affective disorders. The study group comprised 127 women (aged 19–35). The participants were divided into four groups: asymptomatic, nondepressed with PMS, depressed without PMS, and both depressed and with PMS. PMS was diagnosed by prospective daily reports, and depression by SCID-IV. All participants completed the Cognitive triad inventory (CTI), Metacognitive belief questionnaire (MCQ-30), and the self-referent information processing task (SRET) randomly either in the follicular or luteal phase. Findings indicated that only the asymptomatic women differed in cognitive processing from the depressed women. Those with PMS, despite demonstrating a slightly greater intensity of distorted cognitive processing, did not differ significantly from the asymptomatic participants; however, they differed from those with depression regarding in the cognitive triad. The phase of the cycle was not a significant factor in differentiating distorted cognitive processing. Depressed women have more distorted cognitive processes than non-depressed women. Women with PMS appear to be a group that lies between asymptomatic women and those who suffer from depression. Moreover, among women with depression, those with PMS have even more severe distorted cognitive processing than those without PMS.
RNA Structural Dynamics Modulate EGFR-TKI Resistance Through Controlling YRDC Translation in NSCLC Cells
Authors: Shi Boyang , An Ke , Wang Yueqin , Fei Yuhan , Guo Caixia , Cliff Zhang Qiangfeng , Yang Yun-Gui , Tian Xin , Kan Quancheng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) positively affect the initial control of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Rapidly acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is a major hurdle in successful treatment. However, the mechanisms that control the resistance of EGFR-TKIs remain largely unknown. RNA structures have widespread and crucial functions in many biological regulations; however, the functions of RNA structures in regulating cancer drug resistance remain unclear. Here, the psoralen analysis of RNA interactions and structures (PARIS) method is used to establish the higher-order RNA structure maps of EGFR-TKIs-resistant and -sensitive cells of NSCLC. Our results show that RNA structural regions are enriched in untranslated regions (UTRs) and correlate with translation efficiency (TE). Moreover, yrdC N 6 -threonylcarbamoyltransferase domain containing (YRDC) promotes resistance to EGFR-TKIs. RNA structure formation in YRDC 3′ UTR suppresses embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1 (ELAVL1) binding, leading to EGFR-TKI sensitivity by impairing YRDC translation. A potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment is provided using antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to perturb the interaction between RNA and protein. Our study reveals an unprecedented mechanism through which the RNA structure switch modulates EGFR-TKI resistance by controlling YRDC mRNA translation in an ELAVL1-dependent manner.
Investigating the English public's awareness of the Bern Convention and their education on environmental issues and laws
Authors: Dunn Rachel , Wyatt Tanya , Johnson Luke , Willis Callam , Millar Hannah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the knowledge of the general public on the legislative framework relating to wildlife conservation in England, with a specific focus on the Bern Convention and the public's awareness of the treaty, as well as the domestic legislation transposing it. By creating a publicly available survey, the study determined the environmental attitudes of the public and their knowledge of the legislative regime relating to wildlife conservation. Whilst the majority of the public displayed pro-environmental attitudes and support for greater efforts towards the conservation of flora and fauna, the overall awareness of the legislation was worryingly low, with only 5.6% of respondents recognising the Bern Convention. Accordingly, the study investigated how awareness of environmental legislation may be increased. Ultimately, the paper concludes that formal environmental education, including legislation, must be optimised, and the domestic legislative framework should be further consolidated.
Ultraviolet Autofluorescence Microscopy of Nanotyrannus lancensis Sections Reveals Blood Clots in Vessel Canals
Authors: Armitage Mark H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract:
Theropod dinosaurs have captured the imagination of the public and paleontologists alike. Histology of the bones of theropods has revealed much about dinosaur physiology, behavior, and growth. Histology and ultraviolet fluorescence (UVFL) microscopy of one controversial dinosaur, Nanotyrannus lancensis, reveals the presence of blood clots in post-fixed vessel canals of claw, vertebra, and other isolated post-cranial elements collected at Hell Creek, MT. These clots are thicker, more closely adherent to canal walls, and more reactive to 347 nm UVFL incident light than unfixed specimens. Theropod histology images in the literature display similar clots, and those should be subjected to UVFL for confirmation. In addition, nematodes are evidently preserved in vessel canals of dinosaurs.
Cavitation‐Associated Water Evaporation From Porous Media Through In Situ NMR Characterization
Authors: Zhang Yadong , Li Hongxia , Haile Natnael F. , Alketbi Afra S. , AlAmoodi Nahla , Zhang TieJun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEvaporation of water from porous media is essential for a large variety of applications, whereas the opacity of porous matrix imposes considerable challenges in unveiling complicated phase‐change phenomena. Air invasion was previously reported as the major desaturation mechanism, while cavitation in porous media is not well studied. Herein we characterize the transient distribution and evaporation of water in homogeneous tight porous media with nondestructive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By monitoring the amplitude change of NMR transverse relaxation time T2, we investigate the dynamical pore filling status and water content during evaporation. Interestingly, we find that the T2 spectrum shifts immediately after the evaporation starts, indicating the emptying of big pores from the entire medium. Disconnected void clusters at different depths in the porous medium are also observed from MRI scanning and optical images. These observations indicate the emergence of cavitation across the entire porous media along with the evaporation from open surface. Cavitation occurs when the water is stretched to metastable state by large capillary pressure from the evaporating meniscus. By studying the evaporation from hydrophilic membrane‐separated porous media, we further demonstrate the existence of cavitation‐associated evaporation. The preferential water vaporization from the bottom part can still be found from T2 spectrum analysis and optical imaging even when the water‐permeable membrane cuts off possible air invasion. Our findings confirm cavitation‐associated evaporation is one of the primary mechanisms for tight porous media, which provides valuable guidance for evaporation and moisture control.