bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat in frequently asked questions about glaucoma
Authors: Doğan Levent , Yılmaz İbrahim Edhem 
Published: February 2025

Purpose To evaluate the appropriateness and readability of the responses generated by ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat to frequently asked questions about glaucoma. Method Thirty-four questions were generated for this study. Each question was directed three times to a fresh ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat interface. The obtained responses were categorised by two glaucoma specialists in terms of their appropriateness. Accuracy of the responses was evaluated using the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) taxonomy. Readability of the responses was assessed using Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman-Liau Index (CLI), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Gunning- Fog Index (GFI). Results The percentage of appropriate responses was 88.2% (30/34) and 79.2% (27/34) in ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat, respectively. Both the ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat interfaces provided at least one inappropriate response to 1 of the 34 questions. The SOLO test results for ChatGPT-3.5 and Bing Chat were 3.86 ± 0.41 and 3.70 ± 0.52, respectively. No statistically significant difference in performance was observed between both LLMs ( p = 0.101). The mean count of words used when generating responses was 316.5 (± 85.1) and 61.6 (± 25.8) in ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat, respectively ( p < 0.05). According to FRE scores, the generated responses were suitable for only 4.5% and 33% of U.S. adults in ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat, respectively ( p < 0.05). Conclusions ChatGPT-4 and Bing Chat consistently provided appropriate responses to the questions. Both LLMs had low readability scores, but ChatGPT-4 provided more difficult responses in terms of readability.
Categorizing Social Media-Based Collective Action
Authors: Lev-On Azi 
Published: February 2025

The article develops a categorization scheme for collective activities facilitated by social media. I introduce a six-part scheme consisting of two distinct dimensions: the character of the activity (deliberative or participatory) and the platform where the activity unfolds—within social media platforms; outside social media platforms but still online; or in offline settings. While existing models provide a foundation for understanding collective actions on social media, they often overlook the nuanced interactions between online and offline activities, and the transition between different characters of collective activities. The proposed model addresses these gaps by incorporating a more granular analysis of activity types and platforms, enhancing our ability to understand and leverage these dynamics for more effective mobilization and advocacy. This categorization is justified and substantiated through a netnographic study of the social media campaign advocating for justice for Roman Zadorov, in Israel. Key Points for Practitioners Enhanced Framework for Categorization: The article provides a refined classification scheme for understanding collective actions facilitated by social media. This can help public managers and policy analysts better monitor and evaluate the dynamics of online and offline mobilization. Integration of Online and Offline Activities: The research emphasizes the transition between online participation and offline actions, demonstrating how social media campaigns can lead to offline outcomes. Practitioners can use this insight to bridge their digital engagement strategies with physical community initiatives, fostering a comprehensive approach to public involvement. Deliberative and Participatory Dynamics: The distinction between deliberative and participatory activities offers IT architects and policy analysts a nuanced lens for designing and supporting digital platforms that encourage either deep discussion or broad public engagement, based on specific goals and community needs.
Transcriptomic profiling of the airway epithelium in COPD links airway eosinophilia to type 2 inflammation and corticosteroid response
Authors: Leung Clarus , Park Hye Yun , Li Xuan , Koelwyn Graeme J. , Tuong Josie , Vahedi Seyed Milad , Leitao Filho Fernando Sergio , Yang Julia S. , Eddy Rachel L. , Milne Stephen , Ryu Min Hyung , Takiguchi Hiroto , Akata Kentaro , Ra Seung Won , Moon Ji-Yong , Kim Hyun Kuk , Cho Yuji , Yamasaki Kei , van Eeden Stephan F. , Shaipanich Tawimas , Lam Stephen , Leung Janice M. , Sin Don D. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundA subset of COPD patients have high levels of eosinophils in the distal airways (“airway eosinophilia”).ObjectivesTo compare the gene expression of type 2 inflammation in airway epithelial brushings of COPD patients with and without airway eosinophilia and to investigate the changes after inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).MethodsPost-hoc analyses of the DISARM randomised controlled trial investigated the expression of airway inflammation (type 1, 2, and 17), IL-13, and mast cell gene signatures at baseline and after 12-week ICS treatment. Gene signatures were generated from RNA sequencing of airway epithelial brushings. Airway eosinophilia was defined as eosinophils>1% of the total leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage. Gene set enrichment analyses identified upregulated canonical pathways in airway eosinophilia.ResultsAmong 58 COPD patients, 38% had airway eosinophilia at baseline. Patients with airway eosinophilia had more severe airflow obstruction and more radiographic emphysema than the non-eosinophilia group. Patients with airway eosinophilia showed a higher epithelial expression of type 2 airway inflammation and IL-13 and mast cell activation at baseline, but the expression of type 1 and type 17 airway inflammation was similar to patients without airway eosinophilia. The airway eosinophilia group showed an upregulation of canonical pathways related to type 2 immune response and asthma. Treatment with ICS for 12 weeks reduced the epithelial expression of type 2 inflammation and mast cell gene signatures in patients with airway eosinophilia, while this change was not significant in patients without airway eosinophilia.ConclusionsAirway eosinophilia marks a subset of COPD patients with increased airway epithelial expression of type 2 inflammation and a response to ICS treatment.
Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of pummelo x finger lime hybrids in response to Huanglongbing (HLB)
Authors: Mahmoud Lamiaa M. , Deol Jaideep Kaur , Grosser Jude W. , Killiny Nabil , Dutt Manjul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating bacterial disease caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CaLas) that affects the citrus industry worldwide. This study investigated the response of two pummelo x finger lime hybrid siblings to natural infection with CaLas. The hybrids were identified primarily using leaf morphology and molecular marker assessments and were selected for further studies on the basis of the CaLas titers in leaf petioles.

Results
HLB-infected budwood from the selected hybrids (PFL 2–61 and PFL 1–11), as well as the two parental plants, were propagated by grafting onto Swingle citrumelo rootstocks for further evaluation. Plant samples were collected two years after grafting for analysis. Leaves of PFL2-61 exhibited decreased CaLas titers compared with those of PFL 1–11. Additionally, we recorded increased chlorophyll content, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity in PFL 2–61 compared to PFL 1–11 and the parents. We subsequently conducted a detailed investigation of these two hybrid siblings using transcriptome analysis. Among the 20,675 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, 1,416 were downregulated in PFL 2–61 compared with PFL 1–11, whereas 326 were upregulated. Transcriptome analysis revealed that many of the DEGs were associated with the cell wall structure, redox homeostasis, and biotic stress responses. Moreover, key genes related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and phytohormones, including PAL1, jasmonate-related genes, and WRKY transcription factors, were upregulated in the tolerant hybrid (PFL 2–61). In contrast, three transcripts associated with the Sieve Element Occlusion N-Terminus (SEO_N) domain were downregulated in the tolerant hybrid (PFL 2–61).

Conclusions
Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of tolerance and susceptibility to HLB in finger lime derived hybrids, highlighting the potential of this citrus species towards developing disease-tolerant varieties.

Graphical Abstract
Ca2+-dependent H2O2 response in roots and leaves of barley - a transcriptomic investigation
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sabarna , Bleker Carissa , Meier Bastian , Giridhar Maya , Rodriguez Elena Ulland , Braun Adrian Maximilian , Peiter Edgar , Vothknecht Ute C. , Chigri Fatima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Ca2+ and H2O2 are second messengers that regulate a wide range of cellular events in response to different environmental and developmental cues. In plants, stress-induced H2O2 has been shown to initiate characteristic Ca2+ signatures; however, a clear picture of the molecular connection between H2O2-induced Ca2+ signals and H2O2-induced cellular responses is missing, particularly in cereal crops such as barley. Here, we employed RNA-seq analyses to identify transcriptome changes in roots and leaves of barley after H2O2 treatment under conditions that inhibited the formation of cytosolic Ca2+ transients. To that end, plasma membrane Ca2+ channels were blocked by LaCl3 application prior to stimulation of barley tissues with H2O2.

Results
We examined the expression patterns of 4246 genes that had previously been shown to be differentially expressed upon H2O2 application. Here, we further compared their expression between H2O2 and LaCl3 + H2O2 treatment. Genes showing expression patterns different to the previous study were considered to be Ca2+-dependent H2O2-responsive genes. These genes, numbering 331 in leaves and 1320 in roots, could be classified in five and four clusters, respectively. Expression patterns of several genes from each cluster were confirmed by RT-qPCR. We furthermore performed a network analysis to identify potential regulatory paths from known Ca2+-related genes to the newly identified Ca2+-dependent H2O2 responsive genes, using the recently described Stress Knowledge Map. This analysis indicated several transcription factors as key points of the responses mediated by the cross-talk between H2O2 and Ca2+.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that about 70% of the H2O2-responsive genes in barley roots require a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations for alteration in their transcript abundance, whereas in leaves, the Ca2+ dependency was much lower at about 33%. Targeted gene analysis and pathway modeling identified not only known components of the Ca2+ signaling cascade in plants but also genes that are not yet connected to stimuli-associated signaling. Potential key transcription factors identified in this study can be further analyzed in barley and other crops to ultimately disentangle the underlying mechanisms of H2O2-associated signal transduction mechanisms. This could aid breeding for improved stress resistance to optimize performance and productivity under increasing climate challenges.
Cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic changes during ephedrine and phenylephrine administration for transient intraoperative hypotension in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Xueyan , Zheng Yijun , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Phenylephrine and ephedrine are frequently used vasopressors for treating intraoperative hypotension. However, their impact on cerebral oxygenation and blood flow remains a subject of debate. This study aims to understand their effects on cerebral oxygen saturation and hemodynamics when used for treatment of intraoperative hypotension.

Methods
The adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned into ephedrine (ED) group or phenylephrine (PE) group. They received an intravenous bolus of either ephedrine or phenylephrine for treating intraoperative transient hypotension. The primary outcome was their effects on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2). The secondary outcomes included cerebral hemodynamics middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAvm), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI), as well as systemic hemodynamics arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV) and stroke volume index (SVI). Additionally, two indices of cerebral autoregulation, mean flow index (Mxa) and cerebral oximetry index (COX), were calculated in real-time via ICM + software.

Results
Forty patients were included in this study. The initial results showed ephedrine increased rScO2 (p < 0.001), while phenylephrine increased Mxa (p < 0.02) and COX (p < 0.007), respectively. However, upon further linear-mix model analysis, the effects of both drugs on rScO2 (p = 0.944), Mxa (p = 0.093) and COX (p = 0.084) were found to be non-significant. Compared with the hemodynamic parameters during hypotension, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p < 0.001), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (p < 0.001), and MCAvm (p < 0.001) significantly increased after both ephedrine and phenylephrine administration. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the changes in MAP (p = 0.549) and MCAvm (p = 0.173). And there were significant increases in CO (p < 0.001), HR (p < 0.001), and CI (p < 0.001) following ephedrine administration, while decreases in HR (p < 0.001), CO (p < 0.001), and CI (p < 0.001) after phenylephrine administration.

Conclusion
In the management of intraoperative hypotension, both phenylephrine and ephedrine effectively increase MAP and MCAvm, albeit with their differential effects on CO and HR. It seems that neither vasopressor has a significant impact on cerebral oxygenation and cerebral autoregulation.
Comprehensive characterization of pathogenic missense CTRP6 variants and their association with cancer
Authors: Mehboob Muhammad Zubair , Hamid Arslan , Senthil Kumar Jeevotham , Lei Xia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Previous genome-wide association studies have linked three missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in C1q/TNF-related protein 6 (CTRP6) to diseases such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases. However, the potential association of newly identified missense CTRP6 variants with diseases, especially cancer, remains unclear.

Methods
We used several pathogenicity prediction algorithms to identify deleterious mutations within the highly conserved C1q domain of human CTRP6, following the retrieval of all SNPs from the Ensembl database. We systematically analyzed the effects of these mutations on the protein’s stability, flexibility, structural conformation, compactness, stiffness, and overall functionality using various bioinformatics tools. Additionally, we investigated the association of these mutations with different cancer types using the cBioPortal and canSAR databases.

Results
We identified 11 detrimental missense SNPs within the C1q domain, a region critical for this protein’s functionality. Using various computational methods, we predicted the functional impact of these missense variants and assessed their effects on the stability and flexibility of the CTRP6 structure. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed significant structural differences between the native and mutated structures, including changes in structural conformation, compactness, solvent accessibility, and flexibility. Additionally, our study shows a strong association between two mutations, G181S and R247W, and certain types of cancer: colon adenocarcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, respectively. We also found that the mutational status of CTRP6 and other cancer-related genes, such as MAP2K3, p16, TP53, and JAK1, affected each other’s expression, potentially contributing to cancer development.

Conclusions
Our screening and predictive analysis of pathogenic missense variants in CTRP6 advance the understanding of the functional implications of these mutations, potentially facilitating more focused and efficient research in the future.
The potential of thermal imaging as an early predictive biomarker of radiation dermatitis during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Park Ye-In , Choi Seo Hee , Cho Min-Seok , Son Junyoung , Kim Changhwan , Han Min Cheol , Kim Hojin , Lee Ho , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Jin Sung , Hong Chae-Seon 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Predicting radiation dermatitis (RD), a common radiotherapy toxicity, is essential for clinical decision-making regarding toxicity management. This prospective study aimed to develop and validate a machine-learning model to predict the occurrence of grade ≥ 2 RD using thermal imaging in the early stages of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

Methods
Thermal images of neck skin surfaces were acquired weekly during radiotherapy. A total of 202 thermal images were used to calculate the difference map of neck skin temperature and analyze to extract thermal imaging features. Changes in imaging features during treatment were assessed in the two RD groups, grade ≥ 2 and grade ≤ 1 RD, classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) guidelines. Feature importance analysis was performed to select thermal imaging features correlated with grade ≥ 2 RD. A predictive model for grade ≥ 2 RD occurrence was developed using a machine learning algorithm and cross-validated. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), precision, and sensitivity were used as evaluation metrics.

Results
Of the 202 thermal images, 54 images taken before the occurrence of grade ≥ 2 RD were used to develop the predictive model. Thermal radiomics features related to the homogeneity of image texture were selected as input features of the machine learning model. The gradient boosting decision tree showed an AUC of 0.84, precision of 0.70, and sensitivity of 0.75 in models trained using thermal features acquired before skin dose < 10 Gy. The support vector machine achieved a mean AUC of 0.71, precision of 0.68, and sensitivity of 0.70 for predicting grade ≥ 2 RD using thermal images obtained in the skin dose range of 10–20 Gy.

Conclusions
Thermal images acquired from patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can be used as an early predictor of grade ≥ 2 RD and may aid in decision support for the management of acute skin toxicity from radiotherapy. However, our results should be interpreted with caution, given the limitations of this study.
Association of social support and religiosity with survival among women with breast cancer in a low-income population in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Fisa Ronald , Mwala Kabisa , DeMoulin Douglas , Kayamba Violet , Shrubsole Martha , Shu Xiao-Ou , Fwemba Isaac , Mutale Wilbroad , Lipworth Loren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Large social networks have been associated with better overall survival after a breast cancer diagnosis in some but not all study populations. This study evaluated associations of social support and religiosity/spirituality with survival among Black and White women with breast cancer of largely low socioeconomic status in the United States (US).

Methods
The study used data from the prospective Southern Community Cohort Study, which enrolled approximately 86,000 adults in the southeastern US during 2002–2009. A total of 1,347 Black and White women with incident breast cancer were identified in the cohort and followed through December 2020 for mortality via linkage with the National Death Index. Exposures of interest were social support and religiosity obtained via baseline questionnaire, including number of close friends/relatives who can provide instrumental and emotional support, and frequency of attendance at religious services. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality in association with social support and religiosity. The models were tested for proportional hazards assumption using Schoenfeld residuals.

Results
Among the 1,347 women with breast cancer, 365 (27.1%) died during follow up. The participants were followed up for 17 years with a median follow-up time of 5 years. In all-cause mortality analyses, women who reported having 2 + relatives/friends for emotional support had a 20% reduced hazard of death compared to women with ≤ 1 relative/friend (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.96) after adjusting for age at breast cancer diagnosis, race, time from cohort enrollment to diagnosis, income, education, marital status, insurance, and tumor hormone receptor status. Similarly, women reporting having 2 + people able to provide instrumental support (render assistance in an emergency or lend money) had a 25% (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.95) reduced hazard of death compared to those who had ≤ 1. Frequent attendance at religious services/meetings was associated with reduced hazard of death compared to those who did not attend (HR = 0.60, CI: 0.41–0.89); addition of cancer stage in the models attenuated this association.

Conclusions
A large social support network and regular attendance at faith-based services were associated with better survival among women with breast cancer. This calls for incorporating appropriate interventions to cancer care such as social support groups to improve survival.
Simplified ABO-OGS orientation improves training of orthodontic bracket positioning for undergraduate dental students
Authors: Liu Jiali , Zou Yuchun , Huang Jing , Chen Ziqin , Hu Jia , Xu Linyu , Su Jiehua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Mastery of orthodontic bracket bonding is an essential component of the undergraduate orthodontic curriculum. Traditional bracket bonding training using simple plaster models has some shortcomings, including a disconnect from clinical practice and poor perception of the criteria and accuracy. This study aims to optimize the bracket bonding course by comparing the traditional teaching method with simplified American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS)-oriented training methods.

Methods
Fourth-year dental students from Fujian Medical University, spanning the 2015 to 2017 cohorts, participated in the orthodontic bracket bonding course. Students from these three cohorts were trained using the traditional plaster model method, the digital 2D ABO-OGS-oriented method, and the typodont ABO-OGS-oriented method, respectively. After the course, students and teachers completed a six-level Likert scale questionnaire to evaluate the teaching objectives, methods, and efficacy.

Results
Both teachers and students agreed that the traditional bracket bonding training and the simplified ABO-OGS-oriented bracket bonding training were effective, with most students mastering the bracket bonding procedure. The simplified ABO-OGS-oriented bracket bonding was perceived as more novel and engaging compared to the traditional method (P < 0.05). However, the digital 2D ABO-OGS method was significantly less effective than the other two methods (P < 0.05). Instructors rated the typodont ABO-OGS-oriented training higher than the students did (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Both the traditional and simplified ABO-OGS-oriented courses for bracket bonding yielded favorable results, with the simplified ABO-OGS approach being more engaging and innovative. The findings emphasize the critical role of hands-on practice in achieving optimal proficiency in bracket bonding techniques. A hybrid educational model that integrates digital 2D or 3D ABO-OGS-oriented training with offline practical sessions shows considerable potential for qualifying training and examination of orthodontic residency students.