bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stiffness of Muscles and Tendons of the Lower Limb of Professional and Semiprofessional Athletes Using Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Romer Claudia , Czupajllo Julia , Zessin Enrico , Fischer Thomas , Wolfarth Bernd , Lerchbaumer Markus H. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveShear wave elastography (SWE) allows assessment of muscle and tendon stiffness and can be used to diagnose soft tissue pathologies such as tendinopathies. In sports medicine, SWE may have the potential to uncover structural changes early on before they lead to functional impairment. To systematically analyze possible differences in tendon and muscle stiffness of the lower limb between professional (PG) and semiprofessional female athletes (SG) using SWE and to compile reference values for developing preventive medicine approaches for professional athletes.MethodsStandardized SWE of both lower limb tendons and muscles (Achilles tendon [AT], soleus muscle insertion [SM], patellar tendon [PT], quadriceps tendon [QT], vastus medialis muscle [VM]) in the longitudinal plane was performed with the tendons in relaxed position in 24 healthy professional female athletes (PG) in comparison with 24 healthy semiprofessional female athletes (SG).ResultsMedian tendon and muscle stiffness was significantly higher in professional athletes (AT:PG, 11.12 m/s vs SG, 7.33 m/s, P < .001; SM: 1.77 m/s vs 1.14 m/s, P < .001; VM: 1.63 m/s vs 0.87 m/s, P < .001; QT: 3.31 m/s vs 2.61 m/s, P < .05). There was no significant difference in patellar tendon stiffness between PG and SG (PT: 2.57 m/s vs 3.21, P = .25).ConclusionProfessional female athletes have higher stiffness values than semiprofessional female athletes in lower limb muscles and tendons, except for the patellar tendon. Knowledge of such differences is necessary for diagnosing tendinopathy and injuries. Musculoskeletal SWE could offer great benefits in sports medicine as well as in rehabilitation and preventive medicine.
Approach for defective floating pile embedded in layered saturated soils and application in pile integrity test
Authors: Meng Kun , Cui Chunyi , Xu Chenshun , Wang Benlong , Xin Yu , Liang Zhimeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel analytical method combining a 3D continuum model, Biot propagation theory, a fictitious saturated soil pile (FSSP) model, and a heterogeneous pile model is proposed to analyze the dynamic response of a defective floating pile embedded in saturated soils. The vertical velocity of the defective pile in the frequency domain is obtained by introducing the complete coupling conditions of the pile and soil. With the most widely used half‐sine pulse as the excitation force in the low‐strain integrity testing of the pile, the solution is extended to the time domain using the inverse Fourier transform (IFT). The rationality and accuracy of the proposed approach are verified via comparison with previous methods and measured data from an engineering example. Parametric analyses are also conducted to investigate the quantitative relationship between the pile defect parameters and the dynamic response characteristics of a defective pile. It is indicated that the depth and length of a pile defect can be roughly evaluated using the proposed methodology when clear signals are reflected from pile defect interfaces in practical engineering.
Recent Progress in Visualization and Analysis of Fingerprint Level 3 Features
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Ma Rongliang , Zhang Meiqin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFingerprints provide sufficient and reliable discriminative characteristics which have been considered one of the most robust evidence for individualization. The limitation of current minutiae‐based fingerprint technology seems to be solved with the development of level 3 features since they can offer additional information for problematic fingerprint recognition and even donor profiling. So far, tremendous efforts have been devoted to detecting and analysing the third‐level details. This review summarizes the advances in level 3 details with an emphasis on their reliability assessment, visualization methods based on physical interaction, residue‐response, mass spectrometry and electrochemical techniques, as well as the potentiality for individualization, donor profiling and even other application scenarios. In the end, we also give a personal perspective on the future direction and the remaining challenges in the third‐level‐detail‐related field. We believe that the new exciting progress is expected in the development of level 3 detail detection and analysis with continued interest and attention to this field.
Risk factors of dermatitis during radiation for vulvar carcinoma
Authors: Teng Xue , Zhang Xian , Zhi Xiaoxu , Chen Yan , Xu Dejing , Meng Aifeng , Zhu Ying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRadiodermatitis, inflammatory lesions of skin and mucosa caused by radiation, is a common adverse effect during the radiation therapy of vulvar carcinoma. The incidence of radiodermatitis is affected by various factors, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors of radiodermatitis in patients with vulvar carcinoma. Patients with vulvar tumors who received radiotherapy from January 2015 to December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Radiodermatitis was graded according to the grading criteria of the American Center for Radiological Oncology, and then univariate analysis and logistic multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the risk factors of radiodermatitis. A total of 60 eligible patients were enrolled, including 3 (5%), 25 (41.7%), 28 (46.7%), and 4 (6.6%) patients with grade 0, 1, 2, and 3 radiodermatitis, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of radiodermatitis was significantly correlated with age, therapeutic strategy, pathological stage and radiotherapy dose (p < .05). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that age, therapeutic strategy and radiotherapy dose were independent risk factors for radiodermatitis (p < .05). In the current study, we identified the independent risk factors for radiodermatitis in patients with vulvar carcinoma were age, therapeutic strategy and radiotherapy dose, which might be conducive to identify high‐risk patients, so as to adjust their treatment plan in time and reduce the risk of radiation‐induced skin toxicity.
Resistance of True Citrus species to Diaphorina citri
Authors: Eduardo Wellington Ivo , Miranda Marcelo Pedreira , Volpe Haroldo Xavier Linhares , Garcia Rafael Brandão , Girardi Eduardo Augusto , Alquezar Berta , Ruiz Ana Espinosa , Peña Leandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHost genetic resistance is a promising strategy for the management of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), and consequently Huanglongbing (HLB). To date, no study has investigated the resistance to D. citri in the clonal and vegetatively propagated plants of the Microcitrus, Eremocitrus, and Atalantia genera. This study assesses Near and True Citrus genotype antixenosis and antibiosis against D. citri, with trichome density and volatile emission as possible mechanisms of resistance.RESULTSAll genotypes were oviposited by D. citri, however, 8 of 14 genotypes were less oviposited than Citrus × sinensis ‘Valencia’ (susceptible control). Diaphorina citri nymphs had lower nymphal viability in E. glauca (31%) and M. warburgiana (58%) than that in Citrus × sinensis (77%). The behavioral assay showed that 30% of D. citri nymphs in the last instars evaded E. glauca shoots, whereas no nymphs evaded Citrus × sinensis shoots. A higher trichome density was observed in E. glauca shoots compared to the other genotypes. Chemical analysis revealed differences in the volatile profiles of E. glauca and Citrus × sinensis.CONCLUSIONEremocitrus glauca and M. warburgiana genotypes were more resistant to D. citri than Citrus × sinensis. Higher trichome density in the shoots may negatively influence the development of D. citri nymphs. Eremocitrus glauca volatiles may also be involved in their resistance to D. citri. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimization of trial duration to predict long‐term HbA1c change with therapy: A pharmacometrics simulation‐based evaluation
Authors: Kunina Hanna , Al‐Mashat Alex , Chien Jenny Y. , Garhyan Parag , Kjellsson Maria C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the main biomarker of diabetes drug development. However, because of its delayed turnover, trial duration is rarely shorter than 12 weeks, and being able to predict long‐term HbA1c with precision using data from shorter studies would be beneficial. The feasibility of reducing study duration was therefore investigated in this study, assuming a model‐based analysis. The aim was to investigate the predictive performance of 24‐ and 52‐week extrapolations using data from up to 4, 6, 8 or 12 weeks, with six previously published pharmacometric models of HbA1c. Predictive performance was assessed through simulation‐based dose–response predictions and model averaging (MA) with two hypothetical drugs. Results were consistent across the methods of assessment, with MA supporting the results derived from the model‐based framework. The models using mean plasma glucose (MPG) or nonlinear fasting plasma glucose (FPG) effect, driving the HbA1c formation, showed good predictive performance despite a reduced study duration. The models, using the linear effect of FPG to drive the HbA1c formation, were sensitive to the limited amount of data in the shorter studies. The MA with bootstrap demonstrated strongly that a 4‐week study duration is insufficient for precise predictions of all models. Our findings suggest that if data are analyzed with a pharmacometric model with MPG or FPG with a nonlinear effect to drive HbA1c formation, a study duration of 8 weeks is sufficient with maintained accuracy and precision of dose–response predictions.
Managing ecosystem emergence and evolution: Strategies for ecosystem architects
Authors: Daymond Jarryd , Knight Eric , Rumyantseva Maria , Maguire Steven 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryWhile the notion of ecosystems has become prominent in scholarly and practitioner strategy literature in recent years, more can be done to bridge these two communities. In this introduction to the SMS Collection, we interrogate strategy scholarship from the perspective of “ecosystem architects,” who are private or public sector actors interested in nurturing and developing a given ecosystem as a whole. In doing so, we collate and discuss key articles published in the journals of the Strategic Management Society which, considered together, shed new light on processes of ecosystem emergence and evolution. We distill a range of insights for ecosystem architect practitioners and outline four strategies for them to create conditions appropriate to their ecosystem and its stage of development.Managerial SummaryWhat insights does strategy research offer to practitioners interested in nurturing the creation and ongoing development of a range of different types of ecosystems? In this introduction to the SMS Collection, we distill relevant findings and outline four strategies for public and private ecosystem architects to create conditions appropriate to their ecosystem and its stage of development. Specifically, we outline approaches to create conditions for coalescence, coopetition, cooperation, and contained contestation within emerging and evolving ecosystems.
Monolithically Programmed Stretchable Conductor by Laser‐Induced Entanglement of Liquid Metal and Metallic Nanowire Backbone
Authors: Cho Chulmin , Shin Wooseop , Kim Minwoo , Bang Junhyuk , Won Phillip , Hong Sukjoon , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOwing to its low mechanical compliance, liquid metal is intrinsically suitable for stretchable electronics and future wearable devices. However, its invariable strain‐resistance behavior according to the strain‐induced geometrical deformation and the difficulty of circuit patterning limit the extensive use of liquid metal, especially for strain‐insensitive wiring purposes. To overcome these limitations, herein, novel liquid‐metal‐based electrodes of fragmented eutectic gallium‐indium alloy (EGaIn) and Ag nanowire (NW) backbone of which their entanglement is controlled by the laser‐induced photothermal reaction to enable immediate and direct patterning of the stretchable electrode with spatially programmed strain‐resistance characteristics are developed. The coexistence of fragmented EGaIn and AgNW backbone, that is, a biphasic metallic composite (BMC), primarily supports the uniform and durable formation of target layers on stretchable substrates. The laser‐induced photothermal reaction not only promotes the adhesion between the BMC layer and substrates but also alters the structure of laser‐irradiated BMC. By controlling the degree of entanglement between fragmented EGaIn and AgNW, the initial conductivity and local gauge factor are regulated and the electrode becomes effectively insensitive to applied strain. As the configuration developed in this study is compatible with both regimes of electrodes, it can open new routes for the rapid creation of complex stretchable circuitry through a single process.
Theoretical Understanding of Polar Topological Phase Transitions in Functional Oxide Heterostructures: A Review
Authors: Guo Xiangwei , Zhou Linming , Roul Basanta , Wu Yongjun , Huang Yuhui , Das Sujit , Hong Zijian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe exotic topological phase is attracting considerable attention in condensed matter physics and materials science over the past few decades due to intriguing physical insights. As a combination of “topology” and “ferroelectricity,” the ferroelectric (polar) topological structures are a fertile playground for emergent phenomena and functionalities with various potential applications. Herein, the review starts with the universal concept of the polar topological phase and goes on to briefly discuss the important role of computational tools such as phase‐field simulations in designing polar topological phases in oxide heterostructures. In particular, the history of the development of phase‐field simulations for ferroelectric oxide heterostructures is highlighted. Then, the current research progress of polar topological phases and their emergent phenomena in ferroelectric functional oxide heterostructures is reviewed from a theoretical perspective, including the topological polar structures, the establishment of phase diagrams, their switching kinetics and interconnections, phonon dynamics, and various macroscopic properties. Finally, this review offers a perspective on the future directions for the discovery of novel topological phases in other ferroelectric systems and device design for next‐generation electronic device applications.
Enantiomeric separation of chiral amines in biological samples by liquid chromatography with chiral fluorous derivatization
Authors: Sakaguchi Yohei , Yamada Hajime , Ishibashi Yukiko , Nakatake Itsuki , Kawasue Shimba , Koga Reiko , Yoshida Hideyuki , Nohta Hitoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel chiral derivatization liquid chromatography method, combined with fluorous separation technology, was developed in this study. N‐(Perfluoroalkylcarbonyl)‐l‐proline succinimidyl ester, synthesized from perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acids (C5F11COOH, C7F15COOH, or C9F19COOH), L‐proline, and N‐hydroxysuccinimide, was used as the chiral derivatization reagent. In this study, chiral compounds containing perfluoroalkyl groups were reacted with enantiomeric amino analytes to form diastereomeric derivatives, which can be chirally separated on a conventional liquid chromatography column. Furthermore, by using a fluorous‐phase liquid chromatography column, the derivatives were strongly retained owing to the fluorous affinity and could be separated from the contaminating components in the matrix. In this study, amino groups were selected as derivatization targets, and (R,S)‐1‐phenylethylamine was used as the model compound. The effect of the perfluoroalkyl chain length of the chiral reagent on enantiomeric separation was investigated using fluorous‐phase and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography columns and the optimal perfluoroalkyl chain length was determined. (R,S)‐1‐Phenylethylamine was added to human serum and urine samples to confirm separation from the contaminants. Consequently, chiral separation was achieved without contaminant detection.
Bringing the margin to the focus: 10 challenges for riparian vegetation science and management
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Patricia M. , Abraham Eleni , Aguiar Francisca , Andreoli Andrea , Baležentienė Ligita , Berisha Naim , Bernez Ivan , Bruen Michael , Bruno Daniel , Camporeale Carlo , Čarni Andraž , Chilikova‐Lubomirova Mila , Corenblit Dov , Ćušterevska Renata , Doody Tanya , England Judy , Evette André , Francis Robert , Garófano‐Gómez Virginia , González del Tánago Marta , Gultekin Yasar Selman , Guyard Florian , Hellsten Seppo , Hinkov Georgi , Jakubínský Jiří , Janssen Philippe , Jansson Roland , Kail Jochem , Keles Emine , Kelly‐Quinn Mary , Kidová Anna , Kiss Tímea , Kulvik Mart , La Porta Nicola , Laslier Marianne , Latella Melissa , Lorenz Stefan , Mandžukovski Dejan , Manolaki Paraskevi , Martinez‐Fernández Vanesa , Merritt David , Michez Adrien , Milovanović Jelena , Okruszko Tomasz , Papastergiadou Eva , Penning Ellis , Pielech Remigiusz , Politti Emilio , Portela Ana , Riis Tenna , Škvorc Željko , Slezák Michal , Stammel Barbara , Stella John , Stesevic Danijela , Stupar Vladimir , Tammeorg Olga , Tammeorg Priit , Fosholt Therese Moe , Urbanič Gorazd , Villar Marc , Vogiatzakis Ioannis , Vrchovsky Paul , Yousefpour Rasoul , Zinke Peggy , Zlatanov Tzvetan , Dufour Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRiparian zones are the paragon of transitional ecosystems, providing critical habitat and ecosystem services that are especially threatened by global change. Following consultation with experts, 10 key challenges were identified to be addressed for riparian vegetation science and management improvement: (1) Create a distinct scientific community by establishing stronger bridges between disciplines; (2) Make riparian vegetation more visible and appreciated in society and policies; (3) Improve knowledge regarding biodiversity—ecosystem functioning links; (4) Manage spatial scale and context‐based issues; (5) Improve knowledge on social dimensions of riparian vegetation; (6) Anticipate responses to emergent issues and future trajectories; (7) Enhance tools to quantify and prioritize ecosystem services; (8) Improve numerical modeling and simulation tools; (9) Calibrate methods and increase data availability for better indicators and monitoring practices and transferability; and (10) Undertake scientific validation of best management practices. These challenges are discussed and critiqued here, to guide future research into riparian vegetation.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
No ensemble averaging below the black hole threshold
Authors: Schlenker Jean-Marc , Witten Edward 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the AdS/CFT correspondence, amplitudes associated to connected bulk manifolds with disconnected boundaries have presented a longstanding mystery. A possible interpretation is that they reflect the effects of averaging over an ensemble of boundary theories. But in examples in dimension D ≥ 3, an appropriate ensemble of boundary theories does not exist. Here we sharpen the puzzle by identifying a class of “fixed energy” or “sub-threshold” observables that we claim do not show effects of ensemble averaging. These are amplitudes that involve states that are above the ground state by only a fixed amount in the large N limit, and in particular are far from being black hole states. To support our claim, we explore the example of D = 3, and show that connected solutions of Einstein’s equations with disconnected boundary never contribute to these observables. To demonstrate this requires some novel results about the renormalized volume of a hyperbolic three-manifold, which we prove using modern methods in hyperbolic geometry. Why then do any observables show apparent ensemble averaging? We propose that this reflects the chaotic nature of black hole physics and the fact that the Hilbert space describing a black hole does not have a large N limit.
Factorization and Sudakov resummation in leptonic radiative B decay — a reappraisal
Authors: Galda Anne Mareike , Neubert Matthias , Wang Xing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The B-meson light-cone distribution amplitude is an important non- perturbative quantity arising in the factorization of the amplitudes for many exclusive decays of B mesons, such as B− → γℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

. We reconsider the renormalization-group (RG) equation satisfied by this function and present its solution at next-to-leading order (NLO) in RG-improved perturbation theory in Laplace space and, for the first time, in momentum space and the so-called diagonal (or dual) space. Since the information needed to describe the B decay processes at leading order in ΛQCD/mb is most directly contained in the distribution amplitude in Laplace space evaluated near the origin, we propose a convenient parameterization of this object in terms of a small set of uncorrelated hadronic parameters. Using recent results on the three-loop anomalous dimension for heavy-light current operators, we derive an expression for the convolution integral appearing in the B− → γℓ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

factorization formula that is explicitly scale independent, and we evaluate this formula at (approximate) NNLO.
Resuscitation with whole blood or blood components improves survival and lessens the pathophysiological burden of trauma and haemorrhagic shock in a pre-clinical porcine model
Authors: Watts Sarah Ann , Smith Jason Edward , Woolley Thomas , Rickard Rory Frederick , Gwyther Robert , Kirkman Emrys 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeIn military trauma, disaster medicine, and casualties injured in remote locations, times to advanced medical and surgical treatment are often prolonged, potentially reducing survival and increasing morbidity. Since resuscitation with blood/blood components improves survival over short pre-surgical times, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of resuscitation afforded by blood/blood products or crystalloid resuscitation over extended ‘pre-hospital’ timelines in a porcine model of militarily relevant traumatic haemorrhagic shock.MethodsThis study underwent local ethical review and was done under the authority of Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Forty-five terminally anaesthetised pigs received a soft tissue injury to the right thigh, haemorrhage (30% blood volume and a Grade IV liver injury) and fluid resuscitation initiated 30 min later [Group 1 (no fluid); 2 (0.9% saline); 3 (1:1 packed red blood cells:plasma); 4 (fresh whole blood); or 5 (plasma)]. Fluid (3 ml/kg bolus) was administered during the resuscitation period (maximum duration 450 min) when the systolic blood pressure fell below 80 mmHg. Surviving animals were culled with an overdose of anaesthetic.ResultsSurvival time was significantly shorter for Group 1 compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Despite the same triggers for resuscitation when compared to blood/blood components, saline was associated with a shorter survival time (P = 0.145), greater pathophysiological burden and significantly greater resuscitation fluid volume (P < 0.0001).ConclusionWhen times to advanced medical care are prolonged, resuscitation with blood/blood components is recommended over saline due to the superior quality and stability of resuscitation achieved, which are likely to lead to improved patient outcomes.