bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-37 protects against airway remodeling by reversing bronchial epithelial–mesenchymal transition via IL-24 signaling pathway in chronic asthma
Authors: Feng Kang-ni , Meng Ping , Zou Xiao-ling , Zhang Min , Li Hai-ke , Yang Hai-ling , Li Hong-tao , Zhang Tian-tuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the mechanisms of airway remodeling in chronic asthma. Interleukin (IL)-24 has been implicated in the promotion of tissue fibrosis, and increased IL-24 levels have been observed in the nasal secretions and sputum of asthmatic patients. However, the role of IL-24 in asthmatic airway remodeling, especially in EMT, remains largely unknown. We aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of IL-24 on EMT and to verify whether IL-37 could alleviate IL-24-induced EMT in chronic asthma.MethodsBEAS-2B cells were exposed to IL-24, and cell migration was assessed by wound healing and Transwell assays. The expression of EMT-related biomarkers (E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA) was evaluated after the cells were stimulated with IL-24 with or without IL-37. A murine asthma model was established by intranasal administration of house dust mite (HDM) extracts for 5 weeks, and the effects of IL-24 and IL-37 on EMT and airway remodeling were investigated by intranasal administration of si-IL-24 and rhIL-37.ResultsWe observed that IL-24 significantly enhanced the migration of BEAS-2B cells in vitro. IL-24 promoted the expression of the EMT biomarkers vimentin and α-SMA via the STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways. In addition, we found that IL-37 partially reversed IL-24-induced EMT in BEAS-2B cells by blocking the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways. Similarly, the in vivo results showed that IL-24 was overexpressed in the airway epithelium of an HDM-induced chronic asthma model, and IL-24 silencing or IL-37 treatment could reverse EMT biomarker expression.ConclusionsOverall, these findings indicated that IL-37 mitigated HDM-induced airway remodeling by inhibiting IL-24-mediated EMT via the ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways, thereby providing experimental evidence for IL-24 as a novel therapeutic target and IL-37 as a promising agent for treating severe asthma.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus conventional radiotherapy for painful bone metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ito Kei , Saito Tetsuo , Nakamura Naoki , Imano Nobuki , Hoskin Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a promising approach in treating painful bone metastases. However, the superiority of SBRT over conventional external beam radiotherapy (cEBRT) remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was conducted to compare SBRT and cEBRT for the treatment of bone metastases.

Methods
A search was conducted using PubMed on January 22, 2022, with the following inclusion criteria: (i) randomised controlled trials comparing SBRT with cEBRT for bone metastases and (ii) endpoint including pain response. Effect sizes across studies were pooled using random-effects models in a meta-analysis of risk ratios.

Results
A total of 1246 articles were screened, with 7 articles comprising 964 patients (522 and 442 patients in the SBRT and cEBRT arms, respectively) meeting the inclusion criteria. The overall pain response (OR) rates of bone metastases at 3 months were 45% and 36% in the SBRT and cEBRT arms, respectively. The present analyses showed no significant difference between the two groups. In four studies included for the calculation of OR rates of spinal metastases at three months, the OR rates were 40% and 35% in the SBRT and cEBRT arms, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. The incidence of severe adverse effects and health-related quality of life outcomes were comparable between the two arms.

Conclusions
The superiority of SBRT over cEBRT for pain palliation in bone metastases was not confirmed in this meta-analysis. Although SBRT is a standard of care for bone metastases, patients receiving SBRT should be selected appropriately.
Testing the generalizability of ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores to predict prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kim Michelle S. , Naidoo Daphne , Hazra Ujani , Quiver Melanie H. , Chen Wenlong C. , Simonti Corinne N. , Kachambwa Paidamoyo , Harlemon Maxine , Agalliu Ilir , Baichoo Shakuntala , Fernandez Pedro , Hsing Ann W. , Jalloh Mohamed , Gueye Serigne M. , Niang Lamine , Diop Halimatou , Ndoye Medina , Snyper Nana Yaa , Adusei Ben , Mensah James E. , Abrahams Afua O. D. , Biritwum Richard , Adjei Andrew A. , Adebiyi Akindele O. , Shittu Olayiwola , Ogunbiyi Olufemi , Adebayo Sikiru , Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen I. , Nwegbu Maxwell M. , Ajibola Hafees O. , Oluwole Olabode P. , Jamda Mustapha A. , Singh Elvira , Pentz Audrey , Joffe Maureen , Darst Burcu F. , Conti David V. , Haiman Christopher A. , Spies Petrus V. , van der Merwe André , Rohan Thomas E. , Jacobson Judith , Neugut Alfred I. , McBride Jo , Andrews Caroline , Petersen Lindsay N. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Lachance Joseph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Genome-wide association studies do not always replicate well across populations, limiting the generalizability of polygenic risk scores (PRS). Despite higher incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in men of African descent, much of what is known about cancer genetics comes from populations of European descent. To understand how well genetic predictions perform in different populations, we evaluated test characteristics of PRS from three previous studies using data from the UK Biobank and a novel dataset of 1298 prostate cancer cases and 1333 controls from Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa.

Results
Allele frequency differences cause predicted risks of prostate cancer to vary across populations. However, natural selection is not the primary driver of these differences. Comparing continental datasets, we find that polygenic predictions of case vs. control status are more effective for European individuals (AUC 0.608–0.707, OR 2.37–5.71) than for African individuals (AUC 0.502–0.585, OR 0.95–2.01). Furthermore, PRS that leverage information from African Americans yield modest AUC and odds ratio improvements for sub-Saharan African individuals. These improvements were larger for West Africans than for South Africans. Finally, we find that existing PRS are largely unable to predict whether African individuals develop aggressive forms of prostate cancer, as specified by higher tumor stages or Gleason scores.

Conclusions
Genetic predictions of prostate cancer perform poorly if the study sample does not match the ancestry of the original GWAS. PRS built from European GWAS may be inadequate for application in non-European populations and perpetuate existing health disparities.
Comparison of three insulin bolus calculators to increase time in range of glycemia in a group of poorly controlled adults Type 1 diabetes in a Brazilian public health service
Authors: Montanari Vanessa Araujo , Gabbay Mônica Andrade Lima , Dib Sérgio Atala 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
A main factor contributing to insufficient glycemic control, during basal/bolus insulin therapy, is poor self-management bolus. Insulin bolus administration frequency is strongly associated with glycated hemoglobin (A1c) in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). In the present study, we analyzed the performance of two-bolus calculator’s software that could be accessible to T1D patients from a Public Health Service to improve glycemic time in range (TIR) and A1c.

Methods
This prospective, controlled, randomized, parallel intervention clinical trial was carried out with 111 T1D participants on basal/bolus therapy [multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) or subcutaneous infusion pump (CSII)] with basal A1c ≥ 8.5% for 24 weeks. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 2 interventions: COMBO® (bolus calculator) and GLIC (mobile application) and 1 control (CSII group). Anthropometrics and metabolic variables were assessed on basal, 3 and 6 months of follow-up.

Results
TIR was increased in 9.42% in COMBO group (29 ± 12% to 38.9 ± 12.7%; p < 0.001) in 8.39% in the GLIC® group (28 ± 15% to 36.6 ± 15.1%; p < 0.001) while remained stable in CSII group (40 ± 11% to 39.3 ± 10.3%). A1c decrease in 1.08% (p < 0.001), 0.64% (p < 0.001) and 0.38% (p = 0.01) at 6 months in relation to basal in the COMBO, GLIC and CSII respectively. Daily basal insulin dose was reduced by 8.8% (p = 0.01) in the COMBO group.

Conclusion
The COMBO and a mobile applicative (GLIC) bolus calculator had a similar and a good performance to optimize the intensive insulin treatment of T1D in the public health system with increase in the TIR and reduction in A1C without increase hypoglycemia prevalence.
The effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol, a potent methane inhibitor, on ruminal microbial gene expression profiles in dairy cows
Authors: Pitta Dipti W. , Indugu Nagaraju , Melgar Audino , Hristov Alexander , Challa Krishna , Vecchiarelli Bonnie , Hennessy Meagan , Narayan Kapil , Duval Stephane , Kindermann Maik , Walker Nicola 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Enteric methane emissions from dairy cows are an environmental problem as well as a gross feed energy loss to the animal. Methane is generated in the rumen by methanogenic archaea from hydrogen (H2) + carbon dioxide and from H2 + methanol or methylamines. The methanogenic substrates are provided by non-methanogens during feed fermentation. Methane mitigation approaches have yielded variable results, partially due to an incomplete understanding of the contribution of hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic archaea to methanogenesis. Research indicates that 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) reduces enteric methane formation in dairy cows by inhibiting methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), the enzyme responsible for methane formation. The purpose of this study was to utilize metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to investigate the effect of 3-NOP on the rumen microbiome and to determine the fate of H2 that accumulates less than expected under inhibited methanogenesis.

Results
The inhibitor 3-NOP was more inhibitory on Methanobrevibacter species than methanol-utilizing Methanosphaera and tended to reduce the gene expression of MCR. Under inhibited methanogenesis by 3-NOP, fluctuations in H2 concentrations were accompanied by changes in the expression of [FeFe] hydrogenases in H2-producing bacteria to regulate the amount of H2 production. No previously reported alternative H2 sinks increased under inhibited methanogenesis except for a significant increase in gene expression of enzymes involved in the butyrate pathway.

Conclusion
By taking a metatranscriptomic approach, this study provides novel insights on the contribution of methylotrophic methanogens to total methanogenesis and regulation of H2 metabolism under normal and inhibited methanogenesis by 3-NOP in the rumen.
Accuracy of behavioral health variables in Oregon national violent death reporting system data: a linked cohort study
Authors: Carlson Kathleen F. , Gilbert Tess A. , DeFrancesco Susan , Wright Dagan A. , Shen Xun , Cook Lawrence J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) collects data on the circumstances of violent deaths, and all firearm-related deaths, across states and territories in the USA. This surveillance system is critical to understanding patterns and risk factors for these fatalities, thereby informing targets for prevention. NVDRS variables include behavioral health conditions among decedents, but the validity of the reported behavioral health data is unknown. Using Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare records as a criterion standard, we examined the accuracy of NVDRS-reported behavioral health variables for veteran decedents in a sample state (Oregon) between 2003 and 2017.MethodsWe linked Oregon NVDRS data to VA healthcare data to identify veteran decedents who used VA services within two years of death. Veterans’ VA diagnoses within this time frame, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and substance use disorders, were compared to behavioral health variables identified in the Oregon NVDRS. Concordance, sensitivity, and correlates of sensitivity were examined over time and by decedent characteristics.ResultsWe identified 791 VA-using veterans with violent and/or firearm-related fatal injuries documented in the Oregon NVDRS between 2003 and 2017. In this cohort, the Oregon NVDRS accurately identified only 49% of decedents who were diagnosed with depression, 45% of those diagnosed with PTSD, and 17% of those diagnosed with anxiety by the VA. Among 211 veterans diagnosed by the VA with a substance use disorder, the Oregon NVDRS coded only 56% as having a substance use problem. In general, the sensitivity of behavioral health variables in the Oregon NVDRS remained the same or decreased over the study period; however, the sensitivity of PTSD diagnoses increased from 21% in 2003–2005 to 54% in 2015–2017. Sensitivity varied by some decedent characteristics, but not consistently across behavioral health variables.ConclusionsNVDRS data from one state missed more than half of behavioral health diagnoses among VA-using veterans who died from violence or from firearm injuries. This suggests that reports of behavioral health conditions among decedents nationally may be severely undercounted. Efforts to improve validity of these variables in state NVDRS data are needed.
Orienting paleomagnetic drill cores using a portable GPS compass
Authors: Fukuma Koji , Muramatsu Tetsuo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A portable Global Positioning System (GPS) compass was devised for orienting paleomagnetic drill cores and field test measurements were conducted. Orientation of drill cores has been done by magnetic compasses, sun compasses, and backsighting using landmarks. We modified a lightweight marine GPS compass to be mounted on an orientation device and directly measure azimuths, and compared them to measurements made with a magnetic compass, sun compass, and backsighting. Tests on our campus for a site with open sky above showed a root-mean-squared (rms) error of $$0.39^\circ$$

0
.

39
∘

, which is less than what is noted on the specifications of the GPS compass, and a difference of $$-\,0.1^\circ \pm 1.1^\circ$$

-

0
.

1
∘

±
1
.

1
∘

(average ± rms) between the GPS and sun azimuths for 11 direction measurements. However, the site between buildings showed an average deviation of $$11.4^\circ$$

11
.

4
∘

from the sun azimuth due to multipath effects. When tested on drill core sampling of historical lavas in a volcanic island, the GPS azimuths were deviated only by $$0.4^\circ \pm 2.3^\circ$$

0
.

4
∘

±
2
.

3
∘

from the sun azimuths at a flat coastal site with open sky above, indicating that the GPS azimuths are as accurate as the sun azimuths. On the other hand, the GPS compass could not provide azimuths at vertical outcrops in forests due to the small number of satellites captured and multipath effects. If other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) satellites are captured and false signals caused by multipath are eliminated, portable GNSS compasses, which operate regardless of rock type, weather, or geographic situation, would replace other methods of orienting drill cores.

Graphical Abstract
Functional characterization of the soybean cyst nematode effector SCN-27D09 using the model plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae-mediated delivery system
Authors: Yang Nan , Yu Qianqian , Li Wenhao , Chen Deng , Jian Jinzhuo , Zhang Huixia , Wang Gaofeng , Liu Shiming , Huang Wenkun , Peng Huan , Peng Deliang , Yang Jun , Guo Xiaoli , Kong Lingan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is widely considered as the model plant-parasitic nematode, which secretes effector proteins to manipulate host responses. In this study, we cloned a dorsal gland-expressed effector protein SCN-27D09 that belongs to the same family as Hg10A07 in SCN. We used the model plant pathogen rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) to quickly predict and characterize the functions of SCN-27D09. By using M. oryzae secretion system in barley, we confirmed that the signal peptide of SCN-27D09 has secretory activity and can guide the protein into the host cells. Heterologous expression of SCN-27D09 in M. oryzae significantly enhanced the susceptibility of barley to M. oryzae. SCN-27D09 can inhibit Bax-triggered cell death when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Overexpression of SCN-27D09 in soybean hairy root also increased the susceptibility of soybean plants to SCN. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays showed that SCN-27D09 interacts with a soybean plant kinase GmIPK-2. Functional characterization of GmIPK-2 revealed its positive role in soybean resistance, indicating that SCN-27D09 might compromise the function of GmIPK-2 to facilitate nematode infection. Our results not only uncover the biological role of SCN-27D09 in suppressing plant defense responses and therefore promoting nematode parasitism, but also reaffirm the potential application of the model plant pathogenic fungus M. oryzae in investigating the pathogenic roles of candidate effectors of phytonematodes.
Gastric perforation and renal vein thrombosis in acute pancreatitis: a case report
Authors: Alagappan Alamelu , Sahoo Biswajit , Panigrahi Manas Kumar , Sidhu Simran 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen. It is associated with multiple complications. Gastric perforation and isolated renal vein thrombosis are two infrequent complications. We present a case of acute pancreatitis with gastric perforation and isolated renal vein thrombosis in the same patient.

Case presentation
A 28-year-old gentleman with chronic alcohol intake presented with complaints of abdominal pain and not responding to analgesics. Biochemical investigations revealed elevated amylase and lipase level. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed necrotizing pancreatitis with necrotic collection in the lesser sac. On oral contrast, active contrast extravasation from gastric perforation was picked up. Renal vein and splenic vein thrombosis was observed.

Conclusions
Gastric perforation and renal vein thrombosis are two infrequent complications of acute pancreatitis. High-end radiological suspicion is needed to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Centri-lobular pulmonary nodules on HRCT: incidence and approach for etiological diagnosis
Authors: Hafez Mona Ahmed Fouad , Koirala Thakur , El Hinnawy Yasmine Hamdy , Tadros Sally Fouad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Centri-lobular nodules are the most common pattern of diffuse pulmonary nodules encountered on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). HRCT with post-processing techniques such as obtaining maximum intensity projection (MIP) is helpful in making centri-lobular nodules more conspicuous. The study aimed to highlight the role of HRCT with its reconstruction capabilities in the detection and characterization of centri-lobular pulmonary nodules, interpret the most frequent associated findings, and correlate with the clinical findings to reach the most appropriate diagnosis.

Results
The study included 58 patients; 41.4% males and 58.6% females. Their age ranged from 2 to 67 years with mean age of 25.69. The centri-lobular nodules numbers, distribution, shape, and associated HRCT chest findings were identified. The top three etiological diagnoses were infection/inflammation in 50.0% of cases followed by acute viral bronchiolitis in 27.6% and inhalation bronchiolitis in 19.0% of cases. Correlation of HRCT findings with the clinical diagnosis was carried out with consequent formulation of an algorithm for the diagnostic approach of various etiologies of centri-lobular pulmonary nodules.

Conclusions
HRCT is a useful tool in the detection and characterization of centri-lobular pulmonary nodules. It can be used to differentiate the different etiologies that share centri-lobular nodularity. Other associated features and multidisciplinary approach are essential for further characterization of the most relevant etiological diagnosis.
An innovative use of PIRS technique for pediatric femoral hernia: report of 2 cases
Authors: Ergun Ergun , Kara Yusuf Alper , Yagiz Beytullah , Karalar Sila Ispir , Balci Ozlem , Ozguner Ismet Faruk 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Femoral hernia is very rare in children. Surgical intervention is necessary for treatment. There are many different surgical methods explained before. Laparoscopic single port repair technique is not reported before.

Case presentation
A 2.5-year-old girl with left femoral hernia and a 5.5-year-old boy with a right femoral hernia were presented to the hospital with bulging on the groin. Using a 5-mm telescope with optical forceps, the defects of patients were repaired with percutaneous ring suturing technique via spinal needle without excision of the lipoma. No complications developed on the patients in 12 months follow-up.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic single port needle assisted repair is a safe and feasible method repairing femoral hernia and excision of the lipoma should be kept in mind to avoid possible recurrences.
Relation between derived cardiovascular indices, body surface area, and blood pressure/heart rate recovery among active and inactive Nigerian student
Authors: Ewah Patrick Ayi , Oyeyemi Adetoyeje Y. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ease in the computation of derived cardiovascular indices, such as mean arterial pressure (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), and pulse pressure (PP), makes them attractive for use in making clinical decisions for patient management in resource-deprived environments. This study sought to determine the relationship between these indices and heart rate/blood pressure drops during recovery state among physically active and inactive individuals following submaximal exercise.ResultsThis quasi-experimental study conveniently sampled 105 apparently healthy male subjects aged 18–35 years of the University of Maiduguri. Intergroup categorization was executed by IPAQ. The derived indices were calculated using heart rate and blood pressure measurement while the body surface area (BSA) was determined using height and weight. The subjects performed a submaximal exercise test using a bicycle ergometer. Data analysis includes descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation, Studentt-test, analysis of covariance, and multiple linear regression. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 at a significance ofp< 0.05. The mean BSA and resting PP, MAP, and RPP were 1.84 ± 0.16 m2, 41.23 ± 7.57 mmHg, 85.92 ± 9 mmHg, and 8266.45 ± 1404.05 respectively. The resting RPP of the physically inactive subjects was significantly higher than that of the active (8742.71 ± 1496.31 Vs 7790.18 ± 1131.59,p= 0.00); however, the active subject had a higher resting MAP than the inactive (87.91 ± 7.98 Vs 83.93 ± 9.59,p= 0.03). A significant negative relationship was found between the RPP and the Absolute/percent recovery HR (r= -0.23,p= 0.02 Vsr= -0.34,p= 0.00). However, for the PP and absolute recovery SBP it was significantly positive (r= 0.22,p= 0.03) and also that of the MAP and absolute recovery SBP was positive (r= 0.33,p= 0.00). The best negative predictor of recovery HR was the RPP (β= −0.45,p= 0.00) while the MAP was the best positive predictor of recovery HR and SBP.ConclusionsOverall, the physically active subjects coped better during the exercise than their inactive counterpart because of lower cardiac work and better blood perfusion to vital body organs. An inverse relationship was found between the RPP and absolute/percent recovery HR at 1 min post-exercise while a positive relationship was found between the PP and absolute drop in SBP/percent drop in DBP 1 min post-exercise. The best predictor of recovery in HR and blood pressure was the RPP.