bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of nebulin repeats and evolution of lasp family proteins
Authors: Fujita Yuki , Chokki Tamami , Nishioka Tatsuji , Morimoto Kouta , Nakayama Ayako , Nakae Hiroki , Ogasawara Michio , Terasaki Asako G 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe LIM and SH3 domain protein (lasp) family, the smallest proteins in the nebulin superfamily, consists of vertebrate lasp‐1 expressed in various non‐muscle tissues, vertebrate lasp‐2 expressed in the brain and cardiac muscle, and invertebrate lasp whose functions have been analyzed in Ascidiacea and Insecta. Gene evolution of the lasp family proteins was investigated by multiple alignments, comparison of gene structure, and synteny analyses in eukaryotes in which mRNA expression was confirmed. All invertebrates analyzed in this study belonging to the clade Filasterea, with the exception of Placozoa, have at least one lasp gene. The minimal actin‐binding region (LIM domain and first nebulin repeat) and SH3 domain detected in vertebrate lasp‐2 were found to be conserved among the lasp family proteins, and we showed that nematode lasp has actin‐binding activity. The linker sequences vary among invertebrate lasp proteins, implying that the lasp family proteins have universal and diverse functions. Gene structures and syntenic analyses suggest that a gene fragment encoding two nebulin repeats and a linker emerged in Filasterea or Holozoa, and the first lasp gene was generated following combination of three gene fragments encoding the LIM domain, two nebulin repeats with a linker, and the SH3 domain.
Grain sorghum productivity as affected by nitrogen rates and available soil water
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathon D. , Assefa Yared 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite greater drought tolerance, soil water stress and low soil nitrogen (N) are major factors that affect sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) productivity and profitability in dryland environments. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of available soil water at planting and N fertilizer on grain sorghum yield and net return. The study was conducted near Hays, KS, from Summer 1971 to Fall 2002. Treatments were four N rates (0, 22, 45 and 67 kg N ha−1) and depth of moist soil determined prior to sorghum planting each year. Results showed a −0.96, 14.4, 29.3, and 36.5 kg ha−1yield change per kg N applied for very low yielding (yield < 1,269 kg ha−1), low yielding (1,269< yield <2,611), high yielding (2,611< yield <3,986), and very high yielding (yield > 3,986 kg ha−1) environments, respectively. Sorghum yield increased by rates of 9.6 and 20.4 kg ha−1per mm increase in available soil water (ASW) at planting for 0 and 67 kg N ha−1, respectively. A multilinear function showed that grain yield increased by 20 kg ha−1for each kg N ha−1applied, by 15 kg ha−1for each mm increase in ASW, and by 0.67 kg ha−1for each mm increase of in‐season precipitation (ISP). Net return was negative for all environments when depth of moist soil at planting was ≤76 cm. We concluded that ASW prior to planting is critical for sorghum production and can be used to adjust sorghum N fertilizer rates early in the season.
Curriculum reform in Wales: Physical education teacher educators' negotiation of policy positions
Authors: Aldous David , Evans Victoria , Penney Dawn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on research that explored the experiences of secondary Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) professionals' simultaneous negotiation and implementation of the new Curriculum for Wales (CfW) Health and Well‐Being (HWB) Area of Learning and Experience (AoLE) and policies focused on the transformation of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in Wales. The study was an exploratory case study of PETE professionals working within one university's ITE programme. Data were generated through documentary analysis of PETE and ITE programme materials and semi‐structured interviews with staff involved in programme management and delivery. Data analysis employed Ball and colleagues' conceptualisation of policy actors and contexts to critically examine the varied policy positions that PETE professionals adopt in navigating and negotiating enactment of the HWB AoLE within their ITE provision. Attention is drawn to the significance of historical and culturally situated dimensions of secondary physical education and PETE in Wales, and significant changes to the professional culture of ITE, in shaping PETE educators' engagement with the HWB AoLE. The paper concludes by contending that ITE institutions in Wales need to further consider how PETE (and other) educators can be actively supported to engage in sophisticated policy work within their institutions and across policy and professional networks.
Electroencephalogram aperiodic power spectral slope can be reliably measured and predicts ADHD risk in early development
Authors: Karalunas Sarah L. , Ostlund Brendan D. , Alperin Brittany R. , Figuracion McKenzie , Gustafsson Hanna C. , Deming Erika Michiko , Foti Dan , Antovich Dylan , Dude Jason , Nigg Joel , Sullivan Elinor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe aperiodic exponent of the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum has received growing attention as a physiological marker of neurodevelopmental psychopathology, including attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, its use as a marker of ADHD risk across development, and particularly in very young children, is limited by unknown reliability, difficulty in aligning canonical band‐based measures across development periods, and unclear effects of treatment in later development. Here, we investigate the internal consistency of the aperiodic EEG power spectrum slope and its association with ADHD risk in both infants (n = 69, 1‐month‐old) and adolescents (n = 262, ages 11–17 years). Results confirm good to excellent internal consistency in infancy and adolescence. In infancy, a larger aperiodic exponent was associated with greater family history of ADHD. In contrast, in adolescence, ADHD diagnosis was associated with a smaller aperiodic exponent, but only in children with ADHD who had not received stimulant medication treatment. Results suggest that disruptions in cortical development associated with ADHD risk may be detectable shortly after birth via this approach. Together, findings imply a dynamic developmental shift in which the developmentally normative flattening of the EEG power spectrum is exaggerated in ADHD, potentially reflecting imbalances in cortical excitation and inhibition that could contribute to long‐lasting differences in brain connectivity.
Risk for youth anxiety during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The interactive impact of financial stress and prepandemic electrocortical reactivity to negative self‐referential stimuli
Authors: Feurer Cope , Granros Maria , Calentino Alison E. , Suor Jennifer H. , Burkhouse Katie L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite evidence that stress exposure increases risk for internalizing symptoms in youth, it remains unclear which youth are most vulnerable. This study examined whether youth's prepandemic late positive potential (LPP), an electrocortical marker of sustained attention to affective stimuli, exacerbated the impact of stress on prospective increases in depression and anxiety symptoms from before to during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants were 29 youth (ages 9–16, 82.8% girls) who completed depression and anxiety symptom measures and an affective words task to assess LPP to positive and negative self‐referential stimuli prepandemic onset. Postpandemic onset, approximately 16.03 months (SD = 8.86) after their baseline assessments, youth again completed symptom measures as well as the UCLA Life Stress Interview to assess ongoing social and financial chronic stress. Results indicated a significant interaction between youth LPP to negative words and financial stress. Greater exposure to financial stress during the pandemic predicted greater anxiety symptom increases specifically for youth who demonstrated enhanced prepandemic LPP to negative words. Results were specific to the prediction of anxiety, but not depression, symptoms. If replicated in larger studies, findings highlight enhanced LPP to negative stimuli as a promising target for intervention for youth exposed to greater financial stress.
An Integrated Testing Strategy for Ecotoxicity (ITS-ECO) Assessment in the Marine Environmental Compartment using Mytilus spp.: A Case Study using Pristine and Coated CuO and TiO2 Nanomaterials
Authors: Connolly Mona , Little Simon , Hartl Mark G. J. , Fernandes Teresa F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An integrated testing strategy for ecotoxicity assessment (ITS-ECO) was developed to aid in the hazard and fate assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) deposited in marine environments using the bivalve Mytilus spp. as a test species. The ENMs copper(II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), either in pristine form (core) or with functionalized coatings (polyethylene glycol [PEG], carboxyl [COOH], and ammonia [NH3]) were selected as case study materials based on their production levels and use. High-throughput in vitro testing in Tier 1 of the ITS-ECO revealed CuO ENMs to elicit cytotoxic effects on lysosomes of hemocytes of mussels, with the hazard potential CuO PEG &gt; CuO COOH &gt; CuO NH3 &gt; CuO core, whereas TiO2 ENMs were not cytotoxic. Genotoxicity in hemocytes as well as gill cells of mussels following in vivo exposure (48 h) to CuO ENMs was also seen. Longer in vivo exposures in Tier 2 (48 h–21 days) revealed subacute and chronic oxidative effects for both CuO and TiO2 ENMs, in some cases leading to lipid peroxidation (core TiO2 ENMs). In Tier 3 bioaccumulation studies, distinct patterns of uptake for Cu (predominantly in gills) and Ti (predominantly in digestive glands) and between the different core and coated ENMs were found. Clear NM-specific and coating-dependent effects on hazard and fate were seen. Overall, using a tiered testing approach, the ITS-ECO was able to differentiate the hazard (acute, subacute, and chronic effects) posed by ENMs of different compositions and coatings and to provide information on fate for environmental risk assessment of these ENMs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1390–1406. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Framework for ecotoxicity testing of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) using a marine compartment-specific Integrated testing strategy (ITS-ECO) and the marine bivalve mussel Mytilus spp.
Dual‐cooled microwave extraction of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and its chemical composition and antibacterial activity: Comparison with hydrodistillation and conventional microwave
Authors: Dong Li‐Jia , Huang Xue‐Yi , Wei Zuo‐Fu , Zhao Bao‐Shan , Yang Huan‐Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNumerous studies indicate that the efficiency of microwave extraction, a popular method for extracting essential oil, needs to be improved. In this study, we used fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) as the focused species, extracted its essential oil using three methods, including traditional hydrodistillation (HD), single‐cooled microwave extraction (SCME) and dual‐cooled microwave extraction (DCME), and then tested the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils. The optimum parameters of DCME were liquid‐solid ratio 5.6 mL/g, extraction time 27 min and irradiation power 600 W. The yield of fennel essential oil raised to 1.172%. The composition of essential oils obtained by both SCME and DCME was obviously different from that obtained by HD, such as higher monoterpene hydrocarbons in SCME and higher oxygenated monoterpenes in DCME. Furthermore, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli were the most sensitive to fennel essential oil, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The activity of essential oil from different methods against four bacteria strains was similar. Our founding revealed that the improved microwave extraction greatly raised the yield of fennel essential oil, retained its fragrance and antibacterial activity. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for the separation and application of essential oils from natural aromatic plants.
Consistent population activity on the scale of minutes in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Liu Yue , Levy Samuel , Mau William , Geva Nitzan , Rubin Alon , Ziv Yaniv , Hasselmo Michael , Howard Marc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeurons in the hippocampus fire in consistent sequence over the timescale of seconds during the delay period of some memory experiments. For longer timescales, the firing of hippocampal neurons also changes slowly over minutes within experimental sessions. It was thought that these slow dynamics are caused by stochastic drift or a continuous change in the representation of the episode, rather than consistent sequences unfolding over minutes. This paper studies the consistency of contextual drift in three chronic calcium imaging recordings from the hippocampus CA1 region in mice. Computational measures of consistency show reliable sequences within experimental trials at the scale of seconds as one would expect from time cells or place cells during the trial, as well as across experimental trials on the scale of minutes within a recording session. Consistent sequences in the hippocampus are observed over a wide range of time scales, from seconds to minutes. The hippocampal activity could reflect a scale‐invariant spatiotemporal context as suggested by theories of memory from cognitive psychology.
Sexual debut and association with oral human papillomavirus infection, persistence and oropharyngeal cancer—An analysis of two Australian cohorts
Authors: Antonsson Annika , de Souza Marjorie M. A. , Panizza Benedict J. , Whiteman David C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOropharyngeal cancer is increasingly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), and this increase is believed to be caused by changing sexual behaviour. It has been hypothesised that an immune response to HPV through sexual intercourse is much stronger than an immune response elicited from oral sex. Therefore, people who have their debut of oral sex before or at the same time as sexual intercourse would have a weaker immune response to HPV and hence be more likely to develop a persistent oral HPV infection and oropharyngeal cancer. Drake et al (Cancer. 2021;127[7]:1029‐1038) found some evidence that supported this hypothesis. We have reanalysed two of our Australian cohorts with similar data in order to provide a perspective of Drake and colleagues' publication, as sexual behaviour varies depending on culture and geographical location. We found that engaging in oral sex (OR 4.46, 95% CI [1.88‐10.62]) and being younger than 20 years at oral sex debut (OR 9.46, 95% CI [3.53‐25.31]) were both very strong risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer. Participants in the general population cohort who had their sexual intercourse debut before the age of 18 were more likely to be oral HPV positive (OR 2.69, 95% CI [1.50‐4.83]). Oral sex debut before sexual intercourse debut was quite uncommon in our two Australian cohorts. However, timing of or sexual debuts may further add to risks of oropharyngeal cancer, and future studies should be designed to investigate timing and order of sexual debuts to help clarify the roles of these potential causal factors.
Development of polycarbonate urethane‐based materials with controlled diclofenac release for cartilage replacement
Authors: Oliveira Andreia S. , Ferreira Inês , Branco Ana C. , Silva João C. , Costa Carolina , Nolasco Pedro , Marques Ana C. , Silva Diana , Colaço Rogério , Figueiredo‐Pina Célio G. , Serro Ana P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydrogels are very promising human cartilage replacement materials since they are able to mimic its structure and properties. Besides, they can be used as platforms for drug delivery to reduce inflammatory postsurgical reactions. Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) has been used in orthopedic applications due to its long‐term biocompatibility and bio‐durability. In this work, PCU‐based hydrogels with the ability to release an anti‐inflammatory (diclofenac) were developed, for the first time, for such purpose. The materials were reinforced with different amounts of cellulose acetate (CA, 10%, 15%, and 25% w/w) or carbon nanotubes (CNT, 1% and 2% w/w) in order to improve their mechanical properties. Samples were characterized in terms of compressive and tensile mechanical behavior. It was found that 15% CA and 2% CNT reinforcement led to the best mechanical properties. Thus, these materials were further characterized in terms of morphology, wettability, and friction coefficient (CoF). Contrarily to CNTs, the addition of CA significantly increased the material's porosity. Both materials became more hydrophilic, and the CoF slightly increased for PCU + 15%CA. The materials were loaded by soaking with diclofenac, and drug release experiments were conducted. PCU, PCU + 15%CA and PCU + 2%CNT presented similar release profiles, being able to ensure a controlled release of DFN for at least 4 days. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity tests using human chondrocytes were also performed and confirmed a high biocompatibility for the three studied materials.
A new Geographic Profiling Suspect Mapping And Ranking Technique for crime investigations: GP‐SMART
Authors: Curtis‐Ham Sophie , Bernasco Wim , Medvedev Oleg N. , Polaschek Devon L. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study developed and tested a new geographic profiling method for automating suspect prioritisation in crime investigations. The Geographic Profiling Suspect Mapping And Ranking Technique (GP‐SMART) maps suspects' activity locations available in police records—such as home addresses, family members' home addresses, prior offence locations, locations of non‐crime incidents, and other contacts with police—and ranks suspects based on both the proximity and nature of these locations, relative to an input crime. In accuracy tests using solved burglary, robbery and extra‐familial sex offence cases in New Zealand (n = 4511), GP‐SMART ranked the offender at or near the top of the suspect list at rates greatly exceeding chance. Highlighting the benefit of its novel inclusion and differentiation of many different types of activity location, GP‐SMART also outperformed baseline methods—approximating existing algorithms—that ranked suspects using only the proximity of their activity locations, or home addresses, to the input crime.
Moderate‐to‐Severe Polyhydramnios
Authors: Qureshey Emma J. , Bicocca Matthew J. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Nowlen Carol , Soto Eleazar E. , Sibai Baha M. , Stafford Irene 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveSociety for Maternal‐fetal medicine Consult Series (#46) states “antenatal fetal surveillance is not required for mild idiopathic” polyhydramnios defined as amniotic fluid index (AFI) of 24 cm or a deepest vertical pocket (DVP) between 8 and 11 cm. The objective of this study was to determine the cutoff for DVP which correlates with AFI ≥ 30 cm.MethodsThis retrospective study of singleton third trimester ultrasounds included a study group randomly divided into test and validation. In the test group, DVP cutoffs correlating with AFI ≥ 30 cm which was used to define moderate–severe polyhydramnios were calculated in two ways, rounded to the nearest whole number: 1) a receiver operating curve and Youden's J statistic (DVP‐Youden) and 2) calculation of the DVP percentile that corresponded with AFI of 30 cm (DVP‐Percentile). Using the validation group, diagnostic characteristics were DVP‐Youden and DVP‐Percentile for diagnosis of AFI ≥ 30 cm and were compared against SMFM cutoffs (DVP‐SMFM).ResultsSeventy one thousand eight hundred and ninety three ultrasound exams in the 3rd trimester had assessment of AFI and DVP. Moderate–severe polyhydramnios occurred in 286 (1.2%) in test group and 571 (1.2%) in validation group. AFI of 30 cm corresponded to the 98.9th percentile, which in turn correlated to a DVP of 10 cm (DVP‐Percentile). The calculated cutoff for moderate–severe polyhydramnios was 8 cm for DVP‐Youden.ConclusionUsing 8.0 cm rather than 12.0 cm increased the detection of moderate–severe polyhydramnios to 100% with a false positive rate under 5%. For those utilizing DVP for amniotic fluid evaluation, identification of a DVP ≥ 8.0 cm should prompt further evaluation with complete AFI.
Simple relationships between residence time and annual nutrient retention, export, and loading for estuaries
Authors: Shen Jian , Du Jiabi , Lucas Lisa V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSimple mathematical models are derived from mass balances for water and transported substance to provide insight into the relationships between import, export, transport, and internal removal for nonconservative substances in an estuary. Extending previous work, our models explicitly include water and substance inputs from the ocean and are expressed in terms of timescales (i.e., mean residence time and the timescale for net removal). Steady‐state, timescale‐based expressions for ratios of export to import, retention to import, and net export to loading, as well as for loading and annually averaged concentration, are provided. Thenet export:loadingmodel explains the underlying mechanisms for a well‐known empirical relationship between fractional net export and residence time derived by other authors. Although our simplified models are first‐order approximations, the relative importance of physical and biochemical processes influencing export or retention of a substance can be assessed using mean residence time and the timescale for net removal. Assumptions employed in deriving the simplified models (e.g., well‐mixed, dynamic steady state) may not be met for real estuaries. However, model application to Chesapeake Bay for 1985–2012 demonstrates that interannual variations in total nitrogen (TN)net export:loadingcan be evaluated, and annual nutrient loadings can be well estimated using numerically modeled time‐varying mean residence time, observation‐based mean concentration, freshwater inflow, and an appropriately estimated removal timescale. Our model shows that net fractional export of TN loading ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 over the 28‐yr period. The models can be employed for other substances and water bodies if the underlying assumptions are applicable.
Successful postpyloric feeding tube insertion using prokinetic drugs for nasoenteric tube placement: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Jia‐Hong , Wang Wen‐Juan , Zhang Jing , Qin Yu‐Ju 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to compare the effects of prokinetic drugs on the success of postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement using network meta‐analysis methods.Materials and methodsArticles from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved up to April 18, 2021. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of prokinetic drugs on postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement. Reviews, retrospective studies, observational studies, letters to the editors, and conference abstracts were excluded. Biases in each study were identified by using the tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Stata14.0 software were used to process the network meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 12 eligible RCTs with 777 patients receiving postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement were finally included for analysis. Patients receiving the following drugs appeared to have significant success with postpyloric feeding tube insertion compared with placebo: metoclopramide (odds ratio [OR] = 2.27; 95% CrI, 1.53–3.37), erythromycin (OR = 1.88; 95% CrI, 1.17–3.19), and domperidone (OR = 2.39; 95% CrI, 1.31–4.35). The surface under the cumulative ranking of placebo, erythromycin, metoclopramide, and domperidone were respectively 9.8%, 73.0%, 62.6%, and 54.6%. Erythromycin had an advantage over the other treatments in success postpyloric feeding tube insertion.ConclusionsErythromycin may have the greatest possibility to improve success postpyloric feeding tube insertion.