bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Phenolic Acid Derivatives on β-Lactoglobulin Stabilized Oil-Water-Interfaces
Authors: Bock Alina , Kieserling Helena , Rohn Sascha , Steinhäuser Ulrike , Drusch Stephan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe physical stability of protein-based emulsions depends on intra- and intermolecular interactions of the interfacial protein-film. As studied in aqueous systems before, phenolic acid derivatives (PADs) non-covalently or covalently crosslink proteins depending on pH-value and thus, may impact interfacial protein-films. Whether these interactions occur in the same manner at the interface as in water and how they vary the properties of the interfacial protein-film has not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the interfacial protein-film viscoelasticity and physical emulsion-stability after non-covalently (pH 6.0) and covalently (pH 9.0) crosslinking depending on PAD-structure. For this purpose, we studied an interfacial β-lactoglobulin film with dilatational rheology after crosslinking with PADs, varying in number of π-electrons and polar substituents. Then, we analyzed the physical emulsion-stability by visual evaluation and particle size distribution. The results indicate that PADs with a high number of π-electrons (rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid) weaken the protein-film due to competing of phenol-protein interactions with protein-protein interactions. This is reflected in a decrease in interfacial elasticity. PADs with an additional polar substituent (verbascoside and cynarine) seem to further weaken the protein film, since the affinity of the PADs to the interface increases, PADs preferentially adsorb and sterically hinder protein-protein interactions. In emulsions at pH 6.0 and thus low electrostatic repulsion, PADs promote bridging-flocculation. Due to higher electrostatic repulsion at pH 9.0, the PADs are sterically hindered to form bridges, even though they are polymeric. Hence, our research enables the control of protein-film viscoelasticity and emulsion-stability depending on the PAD-structure.
Graphical abstract
„It’s sunny, be happy!“ Ein internationaler Vergleich des Einflusses von Sonnenstunden und Breitengraden auf das Glücksempfinden
Authors: Jaworeck Sandra , Stemler Stefan , Kriwy Peter 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Licht ist die Quelle des Lebens. Dies gilt gleichermaßen für die Tier- und Pflanzenwelt sowie den Menschen. Im Hinblick auf unseren Alltag stellen soziale Interaktion, Produktivität oder das emotionale Befinden nur einen kleinen Ausschnitt der Aspekte dar, auf die das Licht einen positiven Einfluss hat.

Ziel der Studie
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Sonnenexposition und dem individuellen Glücksempfinden wird im internationalen Vergleich untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Für die Analyse wurden Daten der Sonnenscheindauer (Anzahl der Sonnenstunden) und der geografischen Lage der betrachteten Regionen (Breitengrade) vom Deutschen Wetterdienst manuell zu den Daten des International Social Survey Programme (2011) Health and Health Care ergänzt und eine multivariate lineare Mehrebenenanalyse durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Sonnenstunden haben einen positiven und statistisch signifikanten Einfluss auf das Glücksempfinden. Interessant ist, dass Personen, die dem Einfluss wechselnder Jahreszeiten ausgesetzt sind, sich statistisch signifikant in gleichem Maße schlechter in ihrem Glücksempfinden einschätzen als Personen, die so nah am Äquator wohnen, dass sie keinen saisonbedingten Klimaveränderungen ausgesetzt sind.

Schlussfolgerung
Sonnenstunden wirken sich statistisch signifikant positiv auf das Glücksempfinden aus. Ein Mix an weiteren Einflüssen zur Steigerung des Glücksempfindens setzt sich zusammen aus Vertrauen in das nationale Gesundheitswesen, hoher Bildung, Rauchabstinenz, sportlicher Aktivität und Arbeitsmarktbeteiligung. Diese Mechanismen wirken sich im Durchschnitt in allen berücksichtigten Länderkontexten gleichermaßen positiv auf das Glücksempfinden der Menschen aus.
Wie offen sind strukturierte Promotionen wirklich?
Authors: Neumeyer Sebastian 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Zeitschrift untersuchte Susanne de Vogel (2017) die Fragestellung, inwieweit sich soziale Ungleichheiten beim Zugang zu individuellen und strukturierten Promotionsformen unterscheiden. Anhand multinomialer Regressionen schätzt de Vogel Average Marginal Effects (AMEs) der Bildungsherkunft auf die Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten in die verschiedenen Promotionsformen und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass „die Bildungsherkunft beim Übergang in strukturierte Promotionsformen und Stipendienprogramme von geringerer Bedeutung [ist] als bei der Aufnahme einer Individualpromotion“ (de Vogel 2017, S. 463). Die vorliegende Replik illustriert, warum der Vergleich der AMEs bei deutlich variierenden Randhäufigkeiten der Übergänge irreführend ist. Als Alternative werden relative Ungleichheitsmaße herangezogen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, Prozentsatzdifferenzen und AMEs an den Randhäufigkeiten der Übergänge zu relativieren, um vergleichende Aussagen über die Repräsentation der Herkunftsgruppen in verschiedenen Promotionsalternativen treffen zu können. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Absolventen aus nichtakademischem Elternhaus in strukturierten Programmen tendenziell schwächer repräsentiert sind als in individuellen Promotionsformen, während Absolventen mit einem promovierten Elternteil in strukturierten Programmen stärker vertreten sind als in individuellen Promotionsformen. Des Weiteren werden die Konsequenzen der Wahl des Ungleichheitsmaßes für die Interpretation der Dekompositionsanalysen dargestellt. Der Beitrag schließt mit methodischen Empfehlungen für Vergleiche sozialer Ungleichheiten zwischen Übergangsalternativen.
Effect of Deformation Sequence and Coiling Conditions on Precipitation Strengthening in High Ti–Nb-Microalloyed Steels
Authors: Sesma L. G. , Lopez B. , Pereda B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, multipass torsion tests followed by coiling simulations under different conditions have been performed with a reference Nb (0.03 pct) and a high Ti (0.1 pct)–Nb-microalloyed (0.03 pct) steel. In the case of the high Ti steel, estimated yield strengths close to or over 700 MPa were obtained for some of the conditions researched. However, a very significant effect of previous austenite grain size and strain accumulation on precipitation strengthening has also been observed. As a result, depending on deformation sequence and final cooling conditions, the coiling simulation temperatures that lead to the highest mechanical strength varied from 600 °C to 500 °C. The effect of increasing strain accumulation was mainly related to higher phase transformation temperatures, which led to a lower driving force for precipitation and higher microalloying element diffusivity, resulting in the formation of less and coarser precipitates.
Material Failure Analysis of Three In-flight Wing Fractures of Wooden Aircraft
Authors: Lukowsky D. , Gohla A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWooden remains of a training acrobatic aircraft, a glider, and a single-seat tailless glider were investigated using visual inspection, microscopic techniques, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and heat flow thermography. The causes of the three in-flight wing fractures include deviations in wood quality, craftsmanship, and maintenance. During the investigations, several aspects of wood failure analysis were addressed: compression failure, fiber deviations, fatigue of wood, wood-discoloring fungi and wood-destroying fungi, the influence of iron salts, and the failure of bond lines. The article presents a brief overview of some techniques and approaches, presents knowledge gaps in wood failure analysis, and discusses differences in wood failure analysis as compared to the failure analysis of metals and plastics.
Zur Amalgamierung von Psychose, rassistischer Ideologie und Verschwörungsdenken beim Terrorakt von Hanau
Authors: Saß Henning 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungVorgestellt wird eine posthume, aus der Biografie entwickelte Analyse des Motivationshintergrundes beim Attentäter von Hanau. Wesentliche Elemente sind ein primärer, in einer Liebesenttäuschung entstandener Verfolgungswahn, der später durch fremdenfeindlich-völkische Ideologien und Verschwörungsdenken ergänzt wurde. Auch hatte es misstrauische, streitgeneigte und egozentrische Persönlichkeitsauffälligkeiten schon seit der Jugend gegeben. Dagegen sind massiv ausgeprägte rassistische Elemente in den Jahren vor dem Attentat nicht ans Licht gekommen. Zur Gefährlichkeit der unerkannt und unbehandelt gebliebenen Erkrankung trug bei, dass die Persönlichkeit in ihrem Sichtbild nach außen bemerkenswert unauffällig blieb.
Linear Solvers for Reservoir Simulation Problems: An Overview and Recent Developments
Authors: Nardean Stefano , Ferronato Massimiliano , Abushaikha Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLinear solvers for reservoir simulation applications are the objective of this review. Specifically, we focus on techniques for Fully Implicit (FI) solution methods, in which the set of governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is properly discretized in time (usually by the Backward Euler scheme), and space, and tackled by assembling and linearizing a single system of equations to solve all the model unknowns simultaneously. Due to the usually large size of these systems arising from real-world models, iterative methods, specifically Krylov subspace solvers, have become conventional choices; nonetheless, their success largely revolves around the quality of the preconditioner that is supplied to accelerate their convergence. These two intertwined elements, i.e., the solver and the preconditioner, are the focus of our analysis, especially the latter, which is still the subject of extensive research. The progressive increase in reservoir model size and complexity, along with the introduction of additional physics to the classical flow problem, display the limits of existing solvers. Intensive usage of computational and memory resources are frequent drawbacks in practice, resulting in unpleasantly slow convergence rates. Developing efficient, robust, and scalable preconditioners, often relying on physics-based assumptions, is the way to avoid potential bottlenecks in the solving phase. In this work, we proceed in reviewing principles and state-of-the-art of such linear solution tools to summarize and discuss the main advances and research directions for reservoir simulation problems. We compare the available preconditioning options, showing the connections existing among the different approaches, and try to develop a general algebraic framework.
The Inner and the Outer Foreign Territory— A Qualitative Study Measuring Ambiguity Tolerance Within Young Muslims Living in Germany
Authors: Barth Lena , Kaiser Paul , Tuncel-Langbehn Gonca , Ruettner Barbara , Goetzmann Lutz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of globalisation on the one hand and nationalisation on the other, the question of tolerance of ambiguity, i.e. of tolerating cultural ambiguity and vagueness, is of particular importance. This qualitative study investigates what tolerance of ambiguity means in a group of 50 young Turkish Muslims living in Germany. A high tolerance of ambiguity is mentioned much more frequently in the interviews than a low tolerance of ambiguity with tendencies towards (religious) radicalisation. Appreciation of different cultures and lifestyles and a certain resilience to discrimination go hand in hand with a high tolerance of ambiguity. However, it is also possible that despite high tolerance of ambiguity, the corresponding attitudes remain ambivalent. A lack of support, difficult interpersonal conflicts (especially in one’s own family), and a turn to religion occur together with expressions of low ambiguity tolerance. The casuistic representations deepen the impression that high ambiguity tolerance is favoured in triadically structured families functioning as a collective, whereas early traumatic experiences and emotional distance in crises promote low ambiguity tolerance, especially in adolescence. The results underline the importance of high tolerance of ambiguity on the part of both the host country and the migrants.
Application of revised innovative trend analysis in lower Drava River
Authors: Zakwan Mohammad , Pham Quoc Bao , Bonacci Ognjen , Đurin Bojan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChanges in the streamflow pattern raise a plethora of implications on the morphological, economic, social, and cultural aspects of an entire river basin. Trend analysis of hydrological time series is the most common method to identify these changes. Several methods have been proposed to identify the trends in time series. In the present study, Mann–Kendall (MK), innovative trend analysis (ITA), and revised innovative trend analysis (RITA) were used to identify the trend in discharge and sediment load at two gauging sites of the lower Drava River Basin, during 1988–2017 with an objective to compare and understand the limitations of these methods. Innovative trend analysis provided greater visualization of the trend of different magnitude of discharges and sediment load as compared to Mann–Kendall test. However, it was observed that due to certain assumptions, ITA produced significant trends when the trends were insignificant. The significance of trends obtained from RITA was in close agreement with the Mann–Kendall test. In this regard, the method of determining the significance of trend in ITA needs to be rechecked and revised.
Depositional trends and reservoir geometries of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan: evidence from sequence stratigraphy
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Ghazi Shahid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLower Goru sand intervals of Early Cretaceous age are proven reservoirs in the Lower Indus Platform area. The delineation of reservoir geometries is of utmost importance while searching for stratigraphic and combination traps in clastic reservoirs. The data of ten wells and two 2D seismic lines from the northern part of the Lower Indus Basin are incorporated in this study. These reservoir intervals of the Lower Goru Formation are correlated in a third-order sequence stratigraphic framework to understand the depositional architecture and reservoir geometries. The Lower Goru Formation was deposited in westerly prograding river-dominated deltas developed by river system drained through the Indian Shield from east and south-east during Cretaceous time. Due to auto-cyclic switching of river distributaries, different lobes might have formed which if identified can point out the possible locations and configurations of stratigraphic and combination traps in this highly prospective area of Lower Indus Basin. The Lower Goru Formation (Barremian to Cenomanian) consists of one full second-order sequence of 20 Ma duration, having all the three fundamental system tracts in which eleven sequences of the third order, i.e. LG-1 to LG-11, were interpreted. Proven reservoir intervals of the Lower Goru Formation are concentrated in various third-order lowstand system tracts. The net sand and porosity maps of lowstand system tracts, gross depositional map and depositional cross section of the Lower Goru Formation point out the potential sites of good sandstone reservoirs and hint at the possible sand-body geometries.
Material and particle size sensitivity analysis on coefficient of restitution in low-velocity normal impacts
Authors: Meyer Niklas , Wagemann Eric L. , Jackstadt Alexander , Seifried Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn many granular processes, impacts play a crucial role. These impacts are often described by the coefficient of restitution (COR). This COR does not only depend on impact velocity but also on the material pairing, the shape of impacting bodies, number of impacts, etc. This paper analyzes and compares the sensitivity of the COR for often seen material pairings metal–metal and metal–polymer. For experimental investigations, a steel sphere impacts different planar material probes in a defined manner, e.g., a sphere–wall contact is reproduced. While the metal–metal impacts show a significant dependency on impact velocity, the metal–polymer impacts show only little influence of the impact velocity. Also, repeated impacts onto the same spot have a significant influence on metal–metal impacts, while metal–polymer impacts are not affected. To gain insights not only about the macroscopic behavior of impacts but also about the microscopic behavior, finite element simulations are performed using an efficient 2D axisymmetric model and viscoelastic and elastic–viscoplastic material models. A good agreement between experiments and FEM simulations are achieved for the utilized material pairings. Then, the influence of the sphere’s size is studied. Afterward, a deeper look into the energy dissipation process during contact is investigated. Finally, the contact duration and normal force in the contact zone are studied experimentally.
Next-Generation Intelligent MXene-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors for Point-of-Care Cancer Diagnostics
Authors: Parihar Arpana , Singhal Ayushi , Kumar Neeraj , Khan Raju , Khan Mohd. Akram , Srivastava Avanish K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDelayed diagnosis of cancer using conventional diagnostic modalities needs to be addressed to reduce the mortality rate of cancer. Recently, 2D nanomaterial-enabled advanced biosensors have shown potential towards the early diagnosis of cancer. The high surface area, surface functional groups availability, and excellent electrical conductivity of MXene make it the 2D material of choice for the fabrication of advanced electrochemical biosensors for disease diagnostics. MXene-enabled electrochemical aptasensors have shown great promise for the detection of cancer biomarkers with a femtomolar limit of detection. Additionally, the stability, ease of synthesis, good reproducibility, and high specificity offered by MXene-enabled aptasensors hold promise to be the mainstream diagnostic approach. In this review, the design and fabrication of MXene-based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of cancer biomarkers have been discussed. Besides, various synthetic processes and useful properties of MXenes which can be tuned and optimized easily and efficiently to fabricate sensitive biosensors have been elucidated. Further, futuristic sensing applications along with challenges will be deliberated herein.
Practical randomly selected question exam design to address replicated and sequential questions in online examinations
Authors: Elkhatat Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExaminations form part of the assessment processes that constitute the basis for benchmarking individual educational progress, and must consequently fulfill credibility, reliability, and transparency standards in order to promote learning outcomes and ensure academic integrity. A randomly selected question examination (RSQE) is considered to be an effective solution to mitigate sharing of questions between students by addressing replicated inter-examination questions that compromise examination integrity and sequential intra- examination questions that compromise examination comprehensivity. In this study, a Monte Carlo approach was used to design six examination schemes for the purpose of generating and evaluating 600 RSQEs in order to investigate the effects of RSQE design on replicated inter-examination and sequential and intra-examination questions. Results revealed that the number of randomly selected questions from the pool and the number of sub-pools inversely affected the replication and sequencing of the examination questions. Thus, by designing the RSQE in many sub-pools, in equivalence to the number of examination questions and selecting only one question from each sub-pool, and updating the sub-pools after each examination, the passing of information can be prevented, ensuring the integrity of the examinations.
Generation of micro/nano hybrid surface structures on copper by femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation
Authors: Nakajima Ayumi , Omiya Masaki , Yan Jiwang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe delamination of copper lead frames from epoxy molding compounds (EMC) is a severe problem for microelectronic devices, as it leads to reduced heat dissipation or circuit breakage. The micro/nanoscale surface structuring of copper is a promising method to improve the copper–EMC interfacial adhesion. In this study, the generation of micro/nano hybrid structures on copper surfaces through femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation is proposed to improve interfacial adhesion. The micro/nano hybrid structures were realized by generating nanoscale laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on microscale parallel grooves. Several types of hybrid surface structures were generated by changing the laser polarization direction, fluence, and scanning speed. At a specific aspect ratio of microgrooves, a latticed structure was generated on the sides of microgrooves by combining LIPSS formation and direct laser interference patterning. This study provides an efficient method for the micro/nanoscale hybrid surface structure formation for interfacial adhesion improvement between copper and EMC.
The assessment of sarcopenia and the frailty phenotype in the outpatient care of older people: implementation and typical values obtained from the Newcastle SarcScreen project
Authors: Dodds R. M. , Heslop P. , Jaffar J. , Davies K. , Noble J. M. , Shaw F. E. , Witham M. D. , Sayer A. A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Sarcopenia and the frailty phenotype both indicate older adults at risk of adverse health outcomes and yet are not widely assessed in practice. We developed the Newcastle SarcScreen to enable assessment of these two ageing syndromes during clinical care. In the setting of our Older People’s Medicine Day Unit, our aims were to describe the implementation of the SarcScreen and to examine the typical values obtained.

Methods
The SarcScreen comprised height, weight, questions (three on the Fried frailty phenotype and five on the SARC-F questionnaire), grip strength and gait speed. We analysed data from 552 patients completing the SarcScreen. We expressed grip strength as Z-scores (number of standard deviations above the mean expected for a patient’s age and sex).

Results
It was possible to implement the SarcScreen. In 552 patients (65.9% females) with mean age 80.1 (7.7) years, grip strength was feasible in 98.2% and gait speed in 82.1%. Gait speed was typically not assessed due to mobility impairment. Most patients had weak grip strength (present in 83.8%), slow gait speed (88.8%) and the frailty phenotype (66.2%). We found a high prevalence of probable sarcopenia and the frailty phenotype across all age groups studied. This was reflected by low grip strength Z-scores, especially at younger ages: those aged 60–69 had grip strength 2.7 standard deviations (95% CI 2.5–2.9) below that expected.

Conclusion
It is possible to implement an assessment of sarcopenia and the frailty phenotype as part of the routine outpatient care of older people.