bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New barklice (Psocodea, Trogiomorpha) from Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber
Authors: Álvarez‐Parra Sergio , Peñalver Enrique , Nel André , Delclòs Xavier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBarklice are insects belonging to the order Psocodea. They are herbivorous or detritivorous, and inhabit a wide range of environments. Their oldest fossil record dates back to the late Carboniferous, but it was not until the Cretaceous that they became much more diverse. However, their fossil record could be affected by taphonomic processes due to their tiny size and soft bodies. Here, we present new psocid specimens from five amber‐bearing outcrops in Spain that are Albian in age. One of the specimens, a well‐preserved psocid nymph assigned to †Archaeatropidae, lacks evidence of debris‐carrying behaviour. Some of the specimens belong to the previously known species Archaeatropos alavensis Baz & Ortuño and Preempheria antiqua Baz & Ortuño (Trogiomorpha: Atropetae), providing new anatomical and biogeographical information. Furthermore, we describe a new species, Libanoglaris hespericus sp. nov. (†Archaeatropidae). The diagnosis for the family †Archaeatropidae is emended. The abundance of psocids in Cretaceous amber and their virtual absence in compression outcrops could be due to taphonomic bias. Considerations on the phylogenetic placement of trogiomorphan families and the relationships between †Archaeatropidae and †Empheriidae are included. Today, the least diverse psocid suborder is Trogiomorpha, but this suborder comprises the majority of the Cretaceous psocodean species described to date, possibly due to palaeobiological or evolutionary constraints. Trogiomorphans could have been relegated to marginal habitats by niche competition with psocomorphans. Debris‐carrying behaviour in response to predatory pressure might not have been widely distributed, geographically or phylogenetically, in the Cretaceous psocid nymphs.
The impact of the integration of opportunity and resources of new ventures on entrepreneurial performance: The moderating role of BDAC‐AI
Authors: Ge Baoshan , Zhao Liyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOpportunity and resources are the two key elements of entrepreneurship, and they are inseparable. Scholars have paid more attention to integrating opportunities and resources for new ventures. At the same time, the academic community has widely recognized the important role of ‘dynamic capability’ in the survival and development of enterprises. However, few studies have explored the relationship between the integration of opportunity resources and dynamic capabilities of new ventures in essence and have not revealed the mechanism of big data analysis capability supported by artificial intelligence (BDAC‐AI) in the process of improving the entrepreneurial performance of new ventures. Based on the resource‐based view and dynamic capability theory, this paper integrates opportunity resource integration and dynamic capability into a research framework for the first time, constructs a new theoretical model and discusses the impact mechanism of BDAC‐AI and opportunity resource integration on entrepreneurial performance. Based on the data of 225 new ventures, this paper finds that (1) both BDAC‐AI and opportunity resource integration of new ventures have a positive impact on dynamic capability and dynamic capability has a positive role in promoting entrepreneurial performance; (2) dynamic capability plays an intermediary role in the relationship between BDAC‐AI, opportunity resource integration and new venture performance; and (3) BDAC‐AI positively regulates opportunity resource integration. However, it has no moderating effect on the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities. The research conclusion has important theoretical significance for the improvement of new ventures' entrepreneurial performance and has important practical significance for the survival and development of new ventures under the background of artificial intelligence.
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Based Materials for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Energy Storage Mechanism and Function
Authors: Xu Xilian , Chen Ye , Liu Dongshu , Zheng Dong , Dai Xiaojing , Shi Wenhui , Cao Xiehong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) featuring competitive performance, low cost and high safety hold great promise for applications in grid‐scale energy storage and portable electronic devices. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), relying on their large framework structure and abundant active sites, have been identified as promising materials in ZIBs. This review comprehensively presents the current development of MOF‐based materials including MOFs and their derivatives in ZIBs, which begins with Zn storage mechanism of MOFs, followed by introduction of various types of MOF‐based cathode materials (PB and PBA, Mn‐based MOF, V‐based MOF, conductive MOF and their derivatives), and the regulation approaches for Zn deposition behavior. The key factors and optimization strategies of MOF‐based materials that affect ZIBs performance are emphasized and discussed. Finally, the challenges and further research directions of MOF‐based materials for advanced zinc‐ion batteries are provided.
CT anatomy of cervical vertebrae of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Zehtabvar Omid , Vajhi Ali Reza , Akbarein Hesam‐aldin , Ahmadian Faeze Sadat , khanamooeiashi Mahdokht , Soflaei Reihaneh , Borgheie Fakhra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundElephants are currently the largest mammals on earth. A comprehensive examination of the anatomy of this animal to diagnose various disorders is required. In addition, due to the heavy head of these animals, adaptations have been made in the anatomical structure of the neck that is worth studying.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate a standard morphologic and morphometric description of the elephant cervical spine. Another aim of this study was to compare the changes in the cervical skeleton of elephants with horses and cattle.MethodsFor this study, the cervical vertebrae of the Asian elephant, cattle and horse were examined. CT Images were obtained using Somatom Spirit II CT Machine. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 24 software.ResultsTwo dorsal tubercles and a groove between them were observed on the dorsal arch of the atlas vertebra of the Asian elephant. In elephant samples, the variation of vertebral body height, spinous process height, transverse process width, vertebral body length and vertebral foramen volume indices were statistically significant. The volume of the vertebral foramen in the elephant decreases in the second vertebra compared to the first vertebra, decreases in the third vertebra, decreases in the fourth, increases in the fifth, decreases in the sixth and increases in the seventh.ConclusionsIn this study, the structure of the cervical vertebrae of the Asian elephant was examined, and certain features were observed. One of the main features was the reduction of the length of the vertebrae, which leads to the decrease of the ratio of neck length to the size of the body. This condition can be due to the high weight of the head in the elephant. To maintain this weight, it is necessary to reduce the length of the neck and confer less mobility.
Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 circulating in Canadian pigs
Authors: Zhang Maodong , Liu Chao Chun , Huang Yanyun , Hill Janet E. , Bravo Araya Maria , Ojkic Davor , Gagnon Carl A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionPorcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been detected in pigs worldwide and associated with several clinical signs.MethodsTo investigate the genetic diversity of PCV3 strains circulating in Canada, 44 PCV3 positive samples from Saskatchewan (2/44), Manitoba (2/44), Quebec (4/44), Alberta (11/44) and Ontario (25/44) submitted to diagnostic laboratories in Canada between 2019 and 2021 were sequenced and analyzed.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis of capsid genes showed that all of the 44 Canadian strains classified into PCV3a and segregated into seven lineages with common amino acid changes observed at A24V, R27K, N56D, T77S, Q98R, L150I (F) and R168K positions.ConclusionFuture studies are required to determine whether the polymorphisms in capsid proteins, as revealed in this study, could be associated with differences in the pathogenicity or antigenicity of PCV3 strains. This is the first phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 strains among different provinces in Canada.
Survey of hepatitis E virus in pork products and pig stools in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand
Authors: Thippornchai Narin , Leaungwutiwong Pornsawan , Kosoltanapiwat Nathamon , Vuong Cindy , Nguyen Kellyan , Okabayashi Tamaki , Lee Awapuhi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important public health threat resulting in more than 3 million symptomatic cases and 70,000 deaths annually. HEV is classified into at least eight genotypes, and five are associated with human infection. Genotypes 1 and 2 primarily affect humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 circulate in both humans and swine and are considered zoonotic viruses. Previous studies in Central Thailand have reported human HEV isolates with high similarity to swine strains and high seroprevalence in pigs, suggesting the potential for pig‐to‐human transmission.ObjectivesThis study aimed to detect and analyse HEV in pork products and pig stools collected from local markets and pig farms in Nakhon Pathom Province in Central Thailand.MethodsA total of 177 pig stool and 214 pork product samples were detected for HEV by using RT–PCR amplification. Next, nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed.ResultsWe found one sample of pork products (1/214, 0.5%), which was a pig liver sample (1/51, 2.0%), and 49 HEV‐positive samples in pig stools (49/177, 27.7%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that all these HEV sequences belonged to genotype 3, with a high correlation between our samples and HEV from humans and swine was previously reported in Thailand.ConclusionsThis study suggested that the consumption of poorly sanitized or uncooked animal meat or food and frequent exposure to pig stools may be risk factors for HEV infections in humans.
Stakeholder Engagement in Humanizing Business
Authors: Sachs Sybille , Kujala Johanna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to provide a humanized understanding of stakeholder engagement. In doing so, we first revise the assumptions of human nature within the conceptualization of stakeholder engagement, and define stakeholders as resourced humans with personal resources such as different values, capabilities, interests, and emotions, which they can activate in value creation. After that, we take a relational view to stakeholder engagement to understand human interactions taking place in stakeholder relationships and value creation. Furthermore, we examine in-group and out-group interactions for humanizing stakeholder engagement, and discuss how to define individuals’ social self-concepts in interactions with other stakeholder groups, and how to simultaneously maintain trust within the stakeholder group. Finally, we argue that humanizing stakeholder engagement necessitates a change in the current business mindset from economic to multiple values, and from the focal firm to a stakeholder perspective.
Retheorising Migration: A South-South Perspective
Authors: Batisai Kezia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBroadening the conceptual scope beyond the Global North and ‘Asian biases’, this chapter takes cognisance of the challenges of universalistic approaches to migration realities, which undermine the fact that both experience and knowledge are contextual. Emphasis is on re-theorising migration to account for contextual specificities that shape the realities of moving within the Global South, particularly in Africa where migration – subsequent to involuntary push factors such as civil war, political violence, economic challenges, extreme poverty and social realities specific to the continent – is often a forced experience compared to the Global North where it is a choice and lifestyle. Contextual theories of migration in this chapter avoid rendering the specific universal by exploring how the state polices the migratory process; the social meanings society attaches to ‘that which is foreign’; and the ultimate meaning of being a black African migrant in Africa. These contextual realities call for conceptual renegotiation of the meaning of Africanness or African identities, especially for black Africans located in spaces of violent and brutal prejudice against those perceived as foreign. The main conceptual contribution is built around experiences that hardly find their way into mainstream discourses and theorisations where Global North and Asian biases have dominated what has become to be known as literature and theories of migration.
Migrating Beyond Borders and States: Instrumental and Contingent Solidarities Among South Asian Migrant Informal Workers in South Africa
Authors: Rugunanan Pragna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSouth-to-South migration instead of South to the Global North will dominate global migration trends in the future. This calls for redefining how we view and theorise about migration to the Global South, who is migrating, to which countries, the reasons for migration, whether this is a renewed form of circular migration, our understanding of transnationalism, the role of remittances and how migrants are received in the countries of the South and. In particular, I argue that migration research to and from Africa is not given the prominence it deserves in the global migration literature. I further argue that that the similarities and differences of migration to the Global South is under-theorised. The increase in South-to-South migration is creating a shift in economies resulting in the creation of new ‘geographies of growth’ and thus a Sociology of Migration understanding of patterns of migration and development in the Global South is needed. A case study of South Asian migrants to South Africa is illustrative of these geographies of growth and shows how migrants develop instrumental and contingent solidarities to integrate.
Neoliberal Capitalism and Migration in the Global South: A Case of Post-ESAP Zimbabwe to South Africa Migration
Authors: Hadebe Samukele 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZimbabwe has been haemorrhaging via international migration, especially since the 1990s and 2000s. While there could be as many different reasons for this exodus of Zimbabweans as there are people emigrating, it is indisputable that the introduction of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) in 1991 at the behest of the Bretton Woods Institutions forms the major causes. Zimbabwe used to be a migrant-sending as well as a migrant-receiving country, but after ESAP, the trends were outwards with barely any inward movements. Zimbabwe became not only a net exporter of labour, especially human capital, but it depleted its human resources capacity, perhaps beyond levels of easy recovery in the foreseeable future. The political economic factors resulting from ESAP-induced poverty drove a significant section of the population to the indignity and insecurity of migrant labour. Drawing from that experience, it could be claimed confidently that “migration and labour questions are two sides of the same coin” (Delgado, 2015: 26) driven by neoliberal capitalism.
Informal Settlements: A Manifestation of Internal and Cross-Border Migration
Authors: Oksiutycz Anna , Azionya Caroline Muyaluka 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInformal settlements are perceptible material expressions of internal and cross-border migration in South Africa. New arrivals, drawn to urban centres in search of economic opportunities, find a residence in one of the high-density informal settlements dotted around the economic hub of South Africa, the Gauteng province. It is projected that an estimated 1.6 million migrants, including 48% of all immigrants in South Africa, will make Gauteng province their home by 2021 (Stats SA, 2018a). However, instead of better conditions, rural-urban and urban-urban migrants as well as undocumented and documented immigrants experience a lack of service delivery in health, education, road infrastructure, security, electricity, water and sanitation (Marutlulle, 2017). The lack of provision of basic services and resources from the government at such sites often results in community protests and translates into attacks against immigrants residing in those communities.
Mechanics of Writing
Authors: Luby Stephen , Southern Dorothy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArticles that are easy for readers to understand are more likely to be read thoroughly and so more likely to influence fellow scientists and contribute to the global scientific conversation. Authors can take several steps to improve the clarity of their writing including by avoiding acronyms, avoiding writing in all capital letters, and using commas in large numbers consistent with scientific practice. Authors require the feedback of busy co-authors and reviewers to further develop their manuscripts. Authors build goodwill among these key stakeholders and enhance the efficiency of the review process by providing easy-to-review drafts that have been spell-checked, that have paragraphs clearly demarcated by indentation, and that align text to the left, use consistent fonts, and deploy informative document names.
Approaching Publication
Authors: Luby Stephen , Southern Dorothy L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMoving from a first draft of the complete manuscript to a published article requires ongoing collaboration with your co-authors and with journal editors. Clear, efficient, and professional communication helps advance your manuscript. Authors who respect the time of their co-authors and so request comments within a professional turnaround time, carefully consider the comments that they have received, and take multiple steps to minimize the time demands on busy co-authors are much more likely to develop productive collegial relationships that help to advance their work. Sending blank forms for co-authors to complete, not providing co-authors a copy of the submitted manuscript, not keeping co-authors informed of discussion with journal editors, and sending draft manuscripts with figures that are not compressed demonstrate a lack of courtesy for your collaborators’ time. Choosing a journal that is appropriate for your manuscript, following the journal’s details of style, including respecting the journal word limit, and using an appropriate reporting guideline, all facilitate moving from a draft manuscript to a published article.
The Policy and Politics of Public Health in Pandemics
Authors: Fierlbeck Katherine , McNamara Kevin , MacDonald Maureen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe utility of political science insight and methodology for public health has become increasingly apparent in discussions over policy implementation. However, prior to coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), public health analyses undertaken within a political science paradigm focused primarily on how to mobilize decision-makers in order to bring about particular kinds of legislation or policy initiatives (policies on tobacco, alcohol, urban design, etc.). This chapter, written before the onset of COVID-19, suggested that it would be useful to use the lens of political science to understand pandemic planning, as the evidence-policy-politics nexus in public health differs substantially between the fields of health promotion and disease surveillance and response. Using the case of H1N1 in Nova Scotia, the chapter notes some of the political tensions that arose when decisions had to be made in the face of limited information, public pressure, and rapidly-changing circumstances.
Mechanisms to Bridge the Gap Between Science and Politics in Evidence-Informed Policymaking: Mapping the Landscape
Authors: Cassola Adèle , Fafard Patrick , Palkovits Michèle , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite long-standing efforts to enhance evidence-informed decision-making in public health policy, tensions remain between the goal of basing decisions on the best available scientific evidence and the need to balance competing aims, interests, and evidentiary sources in representative democracies. In response, several strategies have been proposed both to democratize evidence production and evaluation, and to effectively integrate evidence into the decision-making processes of institutions of representative democracy. Drawing on a synthesis of the conceptual and empirical literature, this chapter describes and categorizes mechanisms that aim to reconcile political and scientific considerations in evidence-informed policymaking and develops an analytical typology that identifies salient dimensions of variation in their selection and design.
Political Science In, Of, and With Public Health
Authors: Fafard Patrick , Cassola Adèle , Weldon Isaac 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThere is stalemate of sorts between two views of the place of politics in public health. The public health enterprise is concerned with the ways in which “politics” interferes with the making of public health policy whereas political science sees politics as endemic and something to be better understood. To transcend this stalemate this exploratory essay proposes a typology of the possible interactions between political science and public health: political sciencewithout, in, of,and ideallywithpublic health. Each has different implications for what role political science can play in better understanding the role scientific evidence does and does not play in the making of public health policy.
How Policy Appetites Shape, and Are Shaped by Evidence Production and Use
Authors: Oliver Kathryn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDespite long-standing critiques, the rationalist model—which describes a simple, linear process by which evidence should inform policy decision-making—remains dominant in the minds of many researchers and policymakers. Why is this the case, and does it matter? I argue that in addition to its intuitive, simple appeal, the rationalist model has been bolstered by repeated appeals from the public health research community for policymakers to rely (often solely) on the ‘best’ evidence. The insistence on an evidence hierarchy creates the idea that some forms of evidence are of more value than others, and that research design can be used as a way to quickly identify ‘best’ evidence. I argue this enables misuse of evidence and reduces the scope for effective dialogue between those who make and those who use evidence. A more useful approach would be to explore how knowledge and policy interact at a more systemic level, to help us understand who is involved in evidence production, valuing, codification, and use. Conceptualising the political economy of knowledge in this way offers a new way to begin thinking about how to creatively shape a more helpful environment for both policy and evidence.
Is Local Better? Evolving Hybrid Theorising for Local Health Policies
Authors: de Leeuw Evelyne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGood arguments can be made why the deployment of theories and concepts from political science disciplines to public health and health promotion fields yields novel and actionable insights. But this chapter purports to show that there may be a qualitative difference for the effectiveness of this deployment across jurisdictions. It shows how the application of a comprehensive and hybrid array of political science theories to public health issues at the ‘local’ level generates relevant and actionable insights for policy advocacy, agenda setting, prioritisation, implementation and learning. It draws on work in a range of Healthy Cities and local government settings around the world and shows that, although local is better, health policymaking always has glocal dimensions.