bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian Platform Trial Design to Simultaneously Evaluate Multiple Drugs in Multiple Indications with Mixed Endpoints
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Tang Rui (Sammi) , Du Yeting , Yuan Ying 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the era of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, the traditional drug development paradigm of testing one drug at a time in one indication has become increasingly inefficient. Motivated by a real-world application, we propose a master-protocol–based Bayesian platform trial design with mixed endpoints (PDME) to simultaneously evaluate multiple drugs in multiple indications, where different subsets of efficacy measures (eg, objective response and landmark progression-free survival) may be used by different indications as single or multiple endpoints. We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate mixed endpoints and reflect the trial structure of indications that are nested within treatments. We develop a two-stage approach that first clusters the indications into homogeneous subgroups and then applies the Bayesian hierarchical model to each subgroup to achieve precision information borrowing. Patients are enrolled in a group-sequential way and adaptively assigned to treatments according to their efficacy estimates. At each interim analysis, the posterior probabilities that the treatment effect exceeds prespecified clinically relevant thresholds are used to drop ineffective treatments and “graduate” effective treatments. Simulations show that the PDME design has desirable operating characteristics compared to existing method.
Sedimentary bottom simulating reflection muting—A new model of hydrate and fluid redistribution from the Pegasus Basin, New Zealand
Authors: Macnaughtan Michael T. , Pecher Ingo A. , Strachan Lorna J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBottom simulating reflections (BSRs) interpreted in seismic data are one of the most used indicators for the presence of gas hydrates. In numerous hydrate provinces, including the Hikurangi margin, east of New Zealand, distinct and anomalous gaps in reflectivity punctuate otherwise continuous BSRs. We undertake a seismic stratigraphic and structural interpretation of a dense grid of two‐dimensional reflection seismic data to investigate possible causes of widespread BSR gaps that occur near the hinge area of synclines. We explain these BSR gaps with a tectono‐sedimentary model where sedimentation into accretionary wedge synclines leads to an upward migration of the base of gas hydrate stability with respect to stratigraphy, causing dissociation of gas hydrates to water and free gas. A trough‐shaped syncline's radially dipping beds promotes along‐strata, upward migration of gas away from the hinge area, incrementally depleting synclinal hinges of gas and resulting in a BSR gap or muted BSR. This model may be applicable to observed gaps in BSRs in tectonically active slope basins worldwide.
Comparison of fractional laser‐assisted drug delivery and intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide in nail psoriasis
Authors: Nassar Amany , Atef Hadeel , Eldeeb Fatma , Alakad Rania 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe treatment of nail psoriasis is often unsatisfactory due to poor penetration of topical therapeutics through the nail plate. The development of innovative methods that provide adequate delivery of the drug into the nail is warranted. In this study, we aim to compare the efficacy of intralesional corticosteroid injection versus its topical application after fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of fingernail psoriasis.Patients and MethodsThe study included 36 patients with fingernail psoriasis divided into two groups. The nails in group A were treated with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide while the nails in group B received fractional CO2 laser therapy followed by topical application of the drug for six sessions. The evaluation was performed using NAPSI and dermatoscopic scores.ResultsBoth modalities yielded a significant improvement of the nail matrix and bed psoriatic signs. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups by both clinical and dermatoscopic assessment. The laser treatment was associated with significantly lower pain scores (P = 0.03) and higher patient satisfaction (P = 0.007).ConclusionsFractional CO2 laser‐assisted delivery of topical corticosteroids can be a potentially effective and well‐tolerated therapeutic modality in the treatment of nail psoriasis with comparable efficacy to intralesional injection.
Examining the evidence for weight management in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Garvey W. Timothy , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Dunn Julia P. , Kwan Anita Y. M. , Varnado Oralee J. , Konig Manige , Levine Joshua A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe obesity epidemic has been linked to the worsening diabetes epidemic. Despite this, weight reduction for individuals with obesity is seen as a secondary, or even tertiary, consideration in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this review is to examine the benefits of weight management in individuals with T2D. A literature review of current available published data on the benefits of weight reduction in individuals with T2D was conducted. In individuals with T2D who have obesity or overweight, modest and sustained weight reduction results in improvement in glycaemic control and decreased utilization of glucose‐lowering medication. A total body weight loss of 5% or higher reduces HbA1c levels and contributes to mitigating risk factors of cardiovascular disease, such as hyperlipidaemia and hypertension, as well as other disease‐related complications of obesity. Progressive improvements in glycaemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors can occur when the total body weight loss increases to 10% or more. In the approach to treating patients with T2D and obesity, prioritizing weight management and the use of therapeutics that offer glycaemic control as well as the additional weight loss should be emphasized given their potential to attenuate the progression and severity of T2D.
Maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms and family conflict: An autoregressive cross‐lagged examination of competing models in multi‐stressed mothers and adolescents
Authors: Lee Daniel S. , Cederbaum Julie A. , Davis Jordan P. , Hurlburt Michael S. , Mennen Ferol E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMaternal and adolescent depression are challenges that often co‐occur. Many studies have drawn bivariate associations between maternal depressive symptoms, adolescent depressive symptoms, and family conflict, but few have examined reciprocal effects. Even among extant studies, there is a lack of clarity related to directionality of influence. Three competing theoretical models may explain the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms, adolescent depressive symptoms, and family conflict, and these processes may differ by adolescents’ sex. Using three time points of data from 187 diverse mother‐adolescent dyads, we fit a taxonomy of autoregressive cross‐lagged structural equation models to simultaneously evaluate the competing theoretical models and also examine differences by sex using multiple‐group analyses. Results indicate a symptom‐driven model whereby adolescent depressive symptoms predicted increases in family conflict. Sex differences were also found. For males, but not females, greater adolescent depressive symptoms predicted subsequent increases in maternal depressive symptoms, which then predicted lower family conflict—possibly indicating maternal disengagement/withdrawal. Our findings suggest addressing adolescent depressive symptoms in order to prevent family conflict and that distinctive targets for the prevention/intervention of family conflict should account for differences by adolescents’ sex.
Global congruence of riverine fish species richness and human presence
Authors: Schipper Aafke M. , Barbarossa Valerio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimDischarge is a key determinant of biodiversity in rivers. Positive relationships between riverine biodiversity and discharge, also called species–discharge relationships (SDRs), have been widely documented. However, potential human influences on these relationships are typically not considered. We aimed to fill this gap by exploring whether and how the slopes and intercepts of global riverine fish SDRs might be affected by human pressure on the environment.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedRiverine fishes.MethodsWe first quantified native riverine fish species richness of 4,430 catchments of >500 km2 in size with available discharge measurements, using a novel dataset of the global distributions of 11,425 riverine fish species. We then established mixed effects models relating fish species richness to discharge and to two aggregated human pressure variables: the human footprint index (HFI) and the fragmentation status index (FSI). We tested for possible interactions between discharge and the human pressure variables, while accounting for other relevant covariates of large‐scale gradients in riverine fish diversity.ResultsAgainst our expectations, we found positive coefficients for both HFI and FSI, in addition to a positive interaction between FSI and discharge. We found this consistently for different discharge variables (annual mean, maximum weekly and minimum weekly discharge). These findings suggest that riverine fish species richness tends to be higher in catchments characterized by more anthropogenic alterations of the natural environment.Main conclusionsThe global congruence between riverine fish species richness and human presence might reflect a commonality of drivers as well as biodiversity data gaps in the most pristine and species‐rich catchments. Irrespectively, our results indicate that conflicts between human development and conservation are not easily avoided and highlight the challenges involved in safeguarding global freshwater biodiversity.
Headache associated with COVID‐19: Epidemiology, characteristics, pathophysiology, and management
Authors: Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review data regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, characteristics, and management of COVID‐19–associated headache. The persistence of headache after the acute phase of COVID‐19 was also reviewed.BackgroundHeadache is a frequent symptom of COVID‐19, and understanding its management is important for health‐care professionals involved in treating the disease.MethodThis is a narrative review. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database with the following terms: “headache” and “COVID‐19.” All articles written in English that were considered relevant were included.ResultsHalf of the patients who have COVID‐19 present with headache, which occurs more frequently in younger patients; in those with previous primary headache or with previous migraine; and in those who have concomitantly presented with anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia. The headache usually begins early in the symptomatic phase, is bilateral, moderate to severe, and has a similar pattern to tension‐type headache. All studies found the migraine pattern and the tension‐type headache pattern to be frequent patterns. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms include direct viral injury, the inflammatory process, hypoxemia, coagulopathy, and endothelial involvement. Common analgesics and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are the most commonly used drugs for headache in the acute phase of COVID‐19. The headache may persist beyond the acute phase, and in such cases, there is an improvement over time. However, not all patients’ headaches improve. It seems to be a greater proportion of patients whose headache improves in the first 3 months after the acute phase of the disease than after this period. COVID‐19 may trigger new daily persistent headache.ConclusionsHeadache is a clinically significant symptom of COVID‐19. Although its characteristics in the acute phase of the disease are already well known, there is a need for studies on its management and persistence.
An exploration in pitfalls in interpreting SDHB immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ding Chien‐Kuang Cornelia , Chan Salina , Mak Julie , Umetsu Sarah E , Simko Jeffry P , Ruiz‐Cordero Roberto , Saunders Tara , Chan Emily 
Published: May 2022

AimsMutations and epimutations in genes encoding the succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDHx) are associated with multiple tumour types in which identification of SDH‐deficiency has significant management implications. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB) subunit can help to detect SDH‐deficiency, which manifests as complete loss of staining in tumour cells. However, a subset of SDH‐deficient tumours can show aberrant cytoplasmic SDHB‐IHC staining patterns and be misinterpreted as ‘retained’, a diagnostic pitfall complicating interpretation. Herein, we characterise in detail aberrant SDHB‐IHC staining patterns in SDH‐deficient tumours.Methods and resultsWe identified 23 tumours from patients with known germline SDHx and/or molecularly confirmed SDHx pathogenic/likely‐pathogenic variants in their tumour. Of these, eight (35%) showed significant SDHB‐IHC staining: one SDHA‐, one SDHB‐, three SDHC‐ and three SDHD‐mutated cases. In all eight cases, closer inspection revealed differences in intensity and intracellular distribution of SDHB‐IHC staining in tumour cells compared to adjacent non‐neoplastic cells: non‐neoplastic cells showed intense cytoplasmic coarse granular staining; tumour cells in seven of eight cases showed weak to focally strong, cytoplasmic blush to fine granular staining, in > 80% of cells. The remaining case in the initial block showed variably strong non‐granular cytoplasmic staining with globular perinuclear accentuation throughout, only subtly distinct from the staining pattern of non‐neoplastic cells. SDHB‐IHC performed on two additional blocks in this latter case revealed significant intratumoral heterogeneity, including convincing areas of complete loss.ConclusionsWhen evaluating SDHB‐IHC, care should be taken to distinguish true retained expression from aberrant cytoplasmic expression, which may be difficult to appreciate. Sometimes this may require additional molecular testing.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma lesions treated with electrochemotherapy
Authors: Lalanda Raquel , Bartolo Joana , Carvalhal Sara , Abecasis Nuno , Farricha Victor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesKaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a locally aggressive mesenchymal tumor that involves the lymphovascular system, with a tendency to become multifocal. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is considered a valuable treatment option in selected patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous KS lesions.MethodsWe report a retrospective study that included 14 classic and endemic KS patients that underwent ECT sessions for the treatment of KS cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions at our institution.ResultsAccording to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 criteria, our patients had an overall response rate (ORR) of 100% to the ECT treatment. A complete response (CR) was obtained in 92.8% of patients after one or more ECT sessions. Only one patient had a progressive disease (PD). The treatment was well tolerated with a low complication rate, mainly transitory local pain or skin ulceration.ConclusionsECT represents a locoregional therapy for containment and symptomatic control of classic and endemic KS cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. Further studies including different subtypes of KS patients should also be performed.
Chemical, technological and sensory quality of pasta and bakery products made with biomass and green banana flour
Authors: Kahler Stragliotto Leticia , Ferrari Gabriel Tonin , de Oliveira Viviani Ruffo 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBanana is a highly nutritive food, low cost, easy to find and can be fully consumed. In its green maturation, the nutritive value is also interesting. This paper aimed to investigate studies that elaborated pasta and bakery products using biomass and green banana flour, and evaluate chemical, technology and sensory quality, besides whether these products could be considered gluten‐free alternatives. Among the included studies, cakes (35%), bread (25%) and pasta (20%) were the most studied products. In general, they succeeded in evaluating chemical, technological and sensory parameters. In terms of technological quality, breads were considered the most challenging foods to be prepared with green banana derivatives, possibly due to the lack of gluten network, extensibility, viscoelasticity, water and gas‐holding capacity. Only 45% of the papers made gluten‐free products. Green banana added to these products could be widely consumed by people, since it is a versatile alternative for many food possibilities, adding nutritional quality to the final product and helping on the prevention of food waste.
Techno‐environmental and life cycle assessment of ‘oat‐milk’ production in Ecuador: A cradle‐to‐retail life cycle assessment
Authors: Riofrio Ariel , Baykara Haci 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThere is an increase in consumer demand for plant‐based alternatives to common food products. A critical segment of the food industry is the dairy market, where milk alternatives are becoming the choice of many people throughout the world. Consumers purchase milk alternatives as they provide an environmentally friendly and healthier option than cow’s milk. The beef and cattle industry's negative impact on the environment has been well reported. The cattle industry accounts for almost 3% of the overall greenhouse gases emitted each year in climate change. This study analyses the life cycle assessment for the cradle‐to‐retail system in the production of oat‐based milk in Ecuador. Importing the oat was considered, and a techno‐environmental perspective was applied to the system modelling. It introduces oat milk as a new alternative to plant‐based beverages. Soy and almond milk are compared as established options in the market. Results showed better environmental performance from the oat beverage when compared to the traditional cow’s milk (+80% lower GHG emitted). Also, it can be established as a competitor for plant‐based alternatives. For instance, it requires significantly less water consumption than almond milk. The oat‐milk beverage has a better environmental performance than the traditional cow milk‐based options.
Methods to account for measured and unmeasured confounders in influenza relative vaccine effectiveness studies: A brief review of the literature
Authors: Loiacono Matthew M. , Van Aalst Robertus , Pokutnaya Darya , Mahmud Salaheddin M. , Nealon Joshua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObservational seasonal influenza relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) studies employ a variety of statistical methods to account for confounding and biases. To better understand the range of methods employed and implications for policy, we conducted a brief literature review. Across 37 included rVE studies, 10 different types of statistical methods were identified, and only eight studies reported methods to detect residual confounding, highlighting the heterogeneous state of the literature. To improve the comparability and credibility of future rVE research, researchers should clearly explain methods and design choices and implement methods to detect and quantify residual confounding.
The use of cyanoacrylate glue for skin grafts stabilisation: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Kattan Abdullah E. , Mortada Hatan , Alkahtani Rema , Bin Idris Reem , Gelidan Adnan G. , Alhumsi Taghreed 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCyanoacrylate (CA) tissue glue is frequently used in various surgical procedures, and it is simple to use and may save time during procedures. We report the use, effectiveness, and postoperative outcomes of patients who have undergone skin graft surgeries in which CA glue was used to stabilise the graft. A retrospective study of patients who underwent skin graft surgeries where CA was used to stabilise the grafts between January 2018 and August 2021 at different medical institutes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, New York). A total of 36 cases were included. Five patients (13.9%) had diabetes. All cases received antibiotics preoperatively. Two types of harvested skin grafts were used: (a) a non‐meshed split‐thickness skin graft (n = 24, 66.7%), and (b) a meshed split‐thickness skin graft (n = 12, 33.3%). The graft uptake outcome was 100% for 32 patients (88.9%). The most common underlying indication of skin grafting was burn 17 (47.2%), in which 5 (13.9%) developed partial graft loss. The percentage of skin grafts taken using CA was high and comparable to other fixation methods. Further studies may be needed to assess the long‐term outcomes and cost‐effectiveness.
Tailored electrostrain and related properties in (1 − x)BaTiO3–xSrSnO3 Pb‐free electroceramics
Authors: Kim Na Won , Lee Hae Won , Muneeswaran Muniyandi , Kim Minseong , Kang Donghun , Ko Minseong , Nam Woo Hyun , Lim Young Soo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report excellent electrostrain properties of (1 − x)BaTiO3–xSrSnO3 (BSTS) Pb‐free electroceramics (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15), as well as the corresponding structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties. A tailored phase diagram of the pseudo‐binary solid solution of BaTiO3–SrSnO3, which exhibits a nearly composition‐independent orthorhombic–tetragonal polymorphic phase boundary close to room temperature, was obtained, and, in contrast to Ba(Ti1−xSnx)O3, the appearance of the relaxor mode was accelerated in the phase transition of BSTS owing to the additional incorporation of Sr. Using these compositionally modified phase‐related characteristics, desirable sets of electrostrain properties for actuator applications were obtained. Based on these results, we propose that BSTS is a promising candidate for Pb‐free electroceramics for high‐precision actuator applications near room temperature.
Dual effect of ZrO2 on phase separation and crystallization in Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2–P2O5 glasses
Authors: Zhu Lifan , Wang Mingzhong , Xu Yinsheng , Zhang Xianghua , Lu Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZrO2 is an effective nucleation agent for low‐expansion lithium–aluminum silicate (LAS) glass–ceramic (GC) with high Al2O3 content. However, the effect of ZrO2 is still not fully understood in LAS glasses with low contents of Al2O3 and P2O5. In this work, the effect of ZrO2 on the phase separation and crystallization of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2–P2O5 glasses were investigated. The results revealed that ZrO2 significantly increased Tg and the crystallization temperature of Li2SiO3 and Li2Si2O5 crystals. Li3PO4 crystals precipitated preferentially in the glass containing 3.6‐mol% ZrO2, wherein Zr was stable in the network and no precipitation of ZrO2 nanocrystals was observed. Moreover, the separation of phosphate‐rich phases in the as‐quenched glasses increased with the addition of ZrO2. The findings of the study revealed a dual role of ZrO2. First, ZrO2 acted as a glass network former rather than a nucleation agent, increasing glass viscosity and the nucleation barrier of Li2SiO3 through its strong network connectivity. Second, as Zr preferentially combined with non‐bridging oxygen to form Si–O–Zr linkages, a sufficient amount of charge‐balancing Li+ ions existed in the network, which promoted the separation of phosphate‐rich phases. It indicated that the incorporation of ZrO2 contributes to the activation of the nucleation role of P2O5, thus contributing to the formation of nanocrystals and fine microstructure of GCs.