bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HfO2-based resistive switching memory devices for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Brivio S , Spiga S , Ielmini D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
HfO2-based resistive switching memory (RRAM) combines several outstanding properties, such as high scalability, fast switching speed, low power, compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, with possible high-density or three-dimensional integration. Therefore, today, HfO2 RRAMs have attracted a strong interest for applications in neuromorphic engineering, in particular for the development of artificial synapses in neural networks. This review provides an overview of the structure, the properties and the applications of HfO2-based RRAM in neuromorphic computing. Both widely investigated applications of nonvolatile devices and pioneering works about volatile devices are reviewed. The RRAM device is first introduced, describing the switching mechanisms associated to filamentary path of HfO2 defects such as oxygen vacancies. The RRAM programming algorithms are described for high-precision multilevel operation, analog weight update in synaptic applications and for exploiting the resistance dynamics of volatile devices. Finally, the neuromorphic applications are presented, illustrating both artificial neural networks with supervised training and with multilevel, binary or stochastic weights. Spiking neural networks are then presented for applications ranging from unsupervised training to spatio-temporal recognition. From this overview, HfO2-based RRAM appears as a mature technology for a broad range of neuromorphic computing systems.
Pharmacist authors of emergency medicine organization work products pertaining to pharmacotherapy
Authors: Knight Rachel V , McDowell Marc , Lyons Neal , Faine Brett A , Rech Megan A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Despite the expertise that emergency medicine (EM) pharmacists bring to multidisciplinary teams in the emergency department (ED) setting, they are not commonly present on writing groups for guidelines, policies, or task forces pertaining to EM pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this article is to quantify EM pharmacist involvement on author bylines of guidelines, position statements, and other official documents that specifically encompass EM pharmacotherapy.

Methods
Official work products released between January 1, 2010, and May 1, 2021, were collected from the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP), Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM), and American Academy of Emergency Medicine (AAEM) and the table of contents of the following journals: Annals of Emergency Medicine, Academic Emergency Medicine, and Journal of Emergency Medicine. A modified Delphi approach was used to gain consensus amongst the authors on which work products to include in the initial review and which works pertained to pharmacotherapy. The primary endpoint was the percentage of pharmacists listed as authors on EM work products pertaining to pharmacotherapy.

Results
Overall, 76 EM work products were identified. Forty-seven work products with a total of 248 authors contained at least 1 recommendation pertaining to pharmacotherapy. Of these 47 EM work products, 23 (49%) were from AAEM, 16 (34%) were from Annals of Emergency Medicine (published on behalf of ACEP), 5 (11%) were from Journal of Emergency Medicine (published on behalf of AAEM), and 3 (6%) were from SAEM. The median number of authors per work product was 4. There were 5 pharmacists listed on work products (2% of the total of 248 authors). Additionally, there were 9 nonpharmacist/nonphysician authors (4% of the total).

Conclusion
Pharmacist inclusion on author lists of recently published EM work products pertaining to pharmacotherapy is extremely low. Given their unique knowledge pertaining to EM pharmacotherapy, an effort should be made to increase inclusion of pharmacists as authors of EM work products with recommendations that pertain to pharmacotherapy.
Evolution and function of red pigmentation in land plants
Authors: Davies Kevin M , Landi Marco , van Klink John W , Schwinn Kathy E , Brummell David A , Albert Nick W , Chagné David , Jibran Rubina , Kulshrestha Samarth , Zhou Yanfei , Bowman John L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Land plants commonly produce red pigmentation as a response to environmental stressors, both abiotic and biotic. The type of pigment produced varies among different land plant lineages. In the majority of species they are flavonoids, a large branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Flavonoids that can confer red colours include 3-hydroxyanthocyanins, 3-deoxyanthocyanins, sphagnorubins and auronidins, which are the predominant red pigments in flowering plants, ferns, mosses and liverworts, respectively. However, some flowering plants have lost the capacity for anthocyanin biosynthesis and produce nitrogen-containing betalain pigments instead. Some terrestrial algal species also produce red pigmentation as an abiotic stress response, and these include both carotenoid and phenolic pigments.

Scope
In this review, we examine: which environmental triggers induce red pigmentation in non-reproductive tissues; theories on the functions of stress-induced pigmentation; the evolution of the biosynthetic pathways; and structure–function aspects of different pigment types. We also compare data on stress-induced pigmentation in land plants with those for terrestrial algae, and discuss possible explanations for the lack of red pigmentation in the hornwort lineage of land plants.

Conclusions
The evidence suggests that pigment biosynthetic pathways have evolved numerous times in land plants to provide compounds that have red colour to screen damaging photosynthetically active radiation but that also have secondary functions that provide specific benefits to the particular land plant lineage.
Personality-mediated speed-accuracy tradeoffs in mating in a 17-year periodical cicada
Authors: Roth Allison M , Kent Sarah M , Hobson Elizabeth A , Kritsky Gene , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere exists growing evidence that animal personality (consistent between individual differences in behavior) can influence an individual’s fitness. Furthermore, limitations in behavioral plasticity may cause personality-mediated tradeoffs to occur, for example, between speed and accuracy in decision making. We explored whether various measures of personality could predict speed-accuracy tradeoffs in mate selection using Pharaoh cicadas (Magicicada septendecim) and examined the phenotypic traits predicting male mating performance and advertisement rates. We assessed whether male exploration behavior, boldness, and weight could predict a male’s overall copulation attempt rate (the number of attempted copulations with conspecifics of either sex), the number of errors a male made when selecting a mate (the number of same-sex copulation attempts), and male reproductive performance (whether a male successfully copulated with a female). We also assessed whether personality-dependent variation in male advertisement rate (the number of calling song bouts) might underpin the correlation between exploration behavior and mating performance. Although male exploration behavior did not predict male advertisement rate, we found that faster-exploring males exhibited higher overall rates of attempted copulations while also attempting more same-sex copulations, compared to slower-exploring males, suggesting a personality-mediated speed-accuracy tradeoff. Despite making more mate choice errors, however, faster explorers were more likely to successfully copulate with females, compared to slower explorers, indicating that speed may be favored over accuracy in systems where heavily male-biased sex ratios lead to scramble competition. Overall, this work highlights the role of personality in sexual selection and demonstrates that personality can influence speed-accuracy trade-offs in mating.
Diversity and evolution of amphibian pupil shapes
Authors: Thomas Kate N , Rich Caitlyn , Quock Rachel C , Streicher Jeffrey W , Gower David J , Schott Ryan K , Fujita Matthew K , Douglas Ron H , Bell Rayna C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pupil constriction has important functional consequences for animal vision, yet the evolutionary mechanisms underlying diverse pupil sizes and shapes are poorly understood. We aimed to quantify the diversity and evolution of pupil shapes among amphibians and to test for potential correlations to ecology based on functional hypotheses. Using photographs, we surveyed pupil shape across adults of 1294 amphibian species, 74 families and three orders, and additionally for larval stages for all families of frogs and salamanders with a biphasic ontogeny. For amphibians with a biphasic life history, pupil shape changed in many species that occupy distinct habitats before and after metamorphosis. In addition, non-elongated (circular or diamond) constricted pupils were associated with species inhabiting aquatic or underground environments, and elongated pupils (with vertical or horizontal long axes) were more common in species with larger absolute eye sizes. We propose that amphibians provide a valuable group within which to explore the anatomical, physiological, optical and ecological mechanisms underlying the evolution of pupil shape.
Using the Capability Approach in Social Work with Children Experiencing Post-Separation Parental Stalking
Authors: Nikupeteri Anna , Laitinen Merja , Gupta Anna , Mikkonen Enni 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article analyses Finnish children’s experiences of post-separation parental stalking as a form of domestic violence and explores how the capabilities approach (CA) can help social workers understand the issue and support children. The data consist of thematic interviews with eighteen children and young people (aged 4–21 years) whose father or stepfather has stalked their mothers after separation. The theory-driven data analysis was carried out by utilising the CA as the theoretical framework. Our findings show that parental stalking undermines children’s well-being by compromising their safety and reducing their capabilities to use their agency. The study deepened our understanding of issues that children value in their lives and of their possibilities to exercise their agency under parental stalking. Our findings suggest that social workers can support children’s agency and their chances of living out their values through interventions which provide internal and external protection. It is important that social workers create a situated understanding of children’s experiences through a relationship in which children are considered sentient individuals who are listened to and valued. The article offers a novel contribution to the application of the CA in social work involving children exposed to parental stalking.
Loss of olfactory sensitivity is an early and reliable marker for COVID-19
Authors: Iravani Behzad , Arshamian Artin , Lundström Johan N 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Detection of early and reliable symptoms is important in relation to limiting the spread of an infectious disease. For COVID-19, the most specific symptom is either losing or experiencing reduced olfactory functions. Anecdotal evidence suggests that olfactory dysfunction is also one of the earlier symptoms of COVID-19, but objective measures supporting this notion are currently missing. To determine whether olfactory loss is an early sign of COVID-19, we assessed available longitudinal data from a web-based interface enabling individuals to test their sense of smell by rating the intensity of selected household odors. Individuals continuously used the interface to assess their olfactory functions and at each login, in addition to odor ratings, recorded their symptoms and results from potential COVID-19 test. A total of 205 COVID-19-positive individuals and 156 pseudo-randomly matched control individuals lacking positive test provided longitudinal data which enabled us to assess olfactory functions in relation to their test result date. We found that odor intensity ratings started to decline in the COVID-19 group as early as 6 days prior to the test result date (±1.4 days). Symptoms, such as sore throat, aches, and runny nose appear around the same point in time; however, with a lower predictability of a COVID-19 diagnosis. Our results suggest that olfactory sensitivity loss is an early symptom but does not appear before other related COVID-19 symptoms. Olfactory loss is, however, more predictive of a COVID-19 diagnosis than other early symptoms.
Sulopenem or Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: A Phase 3, Randomized Trial
Authors: Dunne Michael W , Aronin Steven I , Das Anita F , Akinapelli Karthik , Zelasky Michael T , Puttagunta Sailaja , Boucher Helen W 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
There are limited treatment options for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) caused by resistant pathogens. Sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid (sulopenem) is an oral thiopenem antibiotic active against multidrug-resistant pathogens that cause uUTIs.

Methods
Patients with uUTI were randomized to 5 days of sulopenem or 3 days of ciprofloxacin. The primary endpoint was overall success, defined as both clinical and microbiologic response at day 12. In patients with ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible baseline pathogens, sulopenem was compared for superiority over ciprofloxacin; in patients with ciprofloxacin-susceptible pathogens, the agents were compared for noninferiority. Using prespecified hierarchical statistical testing, the primary endpoint was tested in the combined population if either superiority or noninferiority was declared in the nonsusceptible or susceptible population, respectively.

Results
In the nonsusceptible population, sulopenem was superior to ciprofloxacin, 62.6% vs 36.0% (difference, 26.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.1 to 7.4; P &lt;.001). In the susceptible population, sulopenem was not noninferior to ciprofloxacin, 66.8% vs 78.6% (difference, −11.8%; 95% CI, −18.0 to 5.6). The difference was driven by a higher rate of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) post-treatment in patients on sulopenem. In the combined analysis, sulopenem was noninferior to ciprofloxacin, 65.6% vs 67.9% (difference, −2.3%; 95% CI, −7.9 to 3.3). Diarrhea occurred more frequently with sulopenem (12.4% vs 2.5%).

Conclusions
Sulopenem was noninferior to ciprofloxacin in the treatment of uUTIs. Sulopenem was superior to ciprofloxacin in patients with uUTIs due to ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible pathogens. Sulopenem was not noninferior in patients with ciprofloxacin-susceptible pathogens, driven largely by a lower rate of ASB in those who received ciprofloxacin.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT03354598.
The Power of Hydroelectric Dams: Historical Evidence from the United States over the Twentieth Century
Authors: Severnini Edson 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper evaluates large-scale hydroelectric dams built in the United States during the twentieth century. Combining panel event-study designs and synthetic control methods, two results stand out. First, dams constructed pre-1950 spurred short-run local growth, in large part thanks to a ‘cheap-local-power advantage’, and resulted in remarkable long-run growth, more than doubling local population density after 50 years. Second, dams constructed post-1950 had only modest effects on growth. The first result indicates agglomerative impacts on local economic activity. The second result suggests that the cheap-local-power advantage created by hydropower attenuated after 1950, probably because of such innovations as high-tension transmission lines.
Optimized patient selection in high-risk protected percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Leick Jürgen , Werner Nikos , Mangner Norman , Panoulas Vasileios , Aurigemma Cristina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Percutaneous mechanical circulatory support (pMCS) is increasingly used in patients with poor left-ventricular (LV) function undergoing elective high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (HR-PCIs). These patients are often in critical condition and not suitable candidates for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. For the definition of HR-PCI, there is a growing consensus that multiple factors must be considered to define the complexity of PCI. These include haemodynamic status, left-ventricular ejection fraction, clinical characteristics, and concomitant diseases, as well as the complexity of the coronary anatomy/lesions. Although haemodynamic support by percutaneous LV assist devices is commonly adopted in HR-PCI (protected PCI), there are no clear guideline recommendations for indication due to limited published data. Therefore, decisions to use a nonsurgical, minimally invasive procedure in HR-PCI patients should be based on a risk–benefit assessment by a multidisciplinary team. Here, the current evidence and indications for protected PCI will be discussed.
Rapid fatty acids detection of vegetable oils by Raman spectroscopy based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling coupled with support vector regression
Authors: Pang Linjiang , Chen Hui , Yin Liqing , Cheng Jiyu , Jin Jiande , Zhao Honghui , Liu Zhihao , Dong Longlong , Yu Huichun , Lu Xinghua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The composition and content of fatty acids are critical indicators of vegetable oil quality. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional detection methods, Raman spectroscopy was investigated for the fast determination of the fatty acids composition of oil.

Materials and Methods
Rapeseed and soybean oil at different depths of the oil tank at different storage times were collected and an eighth-degree polynomial function was used to fit the Raman spectrum. Then, the multivariate scattering correction, standard normal variable transformation (SNV), and Savitzky–Golay convolution smoothing methods were compared.

Results
Polynomial fitting combined with SNV was found to be the optimal pretreatment method. Characteristic wavelengths were selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling. For monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 44, 75, and 92 characteristic wavelengths of rapeseed oil, and 60, 114, and 60 characteristic wavelengths of soybean oil were extracted. Support vector regression was used to establish the prediction model. The R2 values of the prediction results of MUFAs, PUFAs, and SFAs for rapeseed oil were 0.9670, 0.9568, and 0.9553, and the root mean square error (RMSE) values were 0.0273, 0.0326, and 0.0340, respectively. The R2 values of the prediction results of fatty acids for soybean oil were respectively 0.9414, 0.9562, and 0.9422, and RMSE values were 0.0460, 0.0378, and 0.0548, respectively. A good correlation coefficient and small RMSE value were obtained, indicating the results to be highly accurate and reliable.

Conclusions
Raman spectroscopy, based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling coupled with support vector regression, can rapidly and accurately analyze the fatty acid composition of vegetable oil.
Leading the way: competencies of leadership to prevent mis-implementation of public health programs
Authors: Moreland-Russell Sarah , Farah Saliba Louise , Rodriguez Weno Emily , Smith Romario , Padek Margaret , Brownson Ross C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Public health agencies are increasingly concerned with ensuring that they are maximizing limited resources by delivering effective programs to enhance population-level health outcomes. Preventing mis-implementation (ending effective activities prematurely or continuing ineffective ones) is necessary to sustain public health efforts and resources needed to improve health and well-being. The purpose of this paper is to identify the important qualities of leadership in preventing mis-implementation of public health programs. In 2019, 45 state health department chronic disease employees were interviewed via phone and audio-recorded, and the conversations were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis focused on items related to mis-implementation and the manners in which leadership were involved in continuing ineffective programs. Final themes were based on a Public Health Leadership Competency Framework. The following themes emerged from their interviews regarding the important leadership competencies to prevent mis-implementation: ‘(1) leadership and communication; (2) collaborative leadership (3) leadership to adapt programs; (4) leadership and organizational learning and development; and (5) political leadership’. This first of its kind study showed the close interrelationship between mis-implementation and leadership. Increased attention to public health leader competencies might help to reduce mis-implementation in public health practice and lead to more effective and efficient use of limited resources.
Nonselfadjoint impedance in Generalized Optimized Schwarz Methods
Authors: Claeys X 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We present a convergence theory for Optimized Schwarz Methods that rely on a nonlocal exchange operator and covers the case of coercive possibly nonselfadjoint impedance operators. This analysis also naturally deals with the presence of cross-points in subdomain partitions of arbitrary shape. In the particular case of hermitian positive definite impedance, we recover the theory proposed in Claeys & Parolin (2021).
Physician awareness of social determinants of health documentation capability in the electronic health record
Authors: Iott Bradley E , Pantell Matthew S , Adler-Milstein Julia , Gottlieb Laura M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Healthcare organizations are increasing social determinants of health (SDH) screening and documentation in the electronic health record (EHR). Physicians may use SDH data for medical decision-making and to provide referrals to social care resources. Physicians must be aware of these data to use them, however, and little is known about physicians’ awareness of EHR-based SDH documentation or documentation capabilities. We therefore leveraged national physician survey data to measure level of awareness and variation by physician, practice, and EHR characteristics to inform practice- and policy-based efforts to drive medical-social care integration. We identify higher levels of social needs documentation awareness among physicians practicing in community health centers, those participating in payment models with social care initiatives, and those aware of other advanced EHR functionalities. Findings indicate that there are opportunities to improve physician education and training around new EHR-based SDH functionalities.