bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preprocessing of Propagation Redundant Clauses
Authors: Reeves Joseph E. , Heule Marijn J. H. , Bryant Randal E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThepropagation redundant(PR) proof system generalizes theresolutionandresolution asymmetric tautologyproof systems used byconflict-driven clause learning(CDCL) solvers. PR allows short proofs of unsatisfiability for some problems that are difficult for CDCL solvers. Previous attempts to automate PR clause learning used hand-crafted heuristics that work well on some highly-structured problems. For example, the solverSaDiCaLincorporates PR clause learning into the CDCL loop, but it cannot compete with modern CDCL solvers due to its fragile heuristics. We presentPReLearn, a preprocessing technique that learns short PR clauses. Adding these clauses to a formula reduces the search space that the solver must explore. By performing PR clause learning as a preprocessing stage, PR clauses can be found efficiently without sacrificing the robustness of modern CDCL solvers. On a large portion of SAT competition benchmarks we found that preprocessing withPReLearnimproves solver performance. In addition, there were several satisfiable and unsatisfiable formulas that could only be solved after preprocessing withPReLearn.PReLearnsupports proof logging, giving a high level of confidence in the results.
IKT-Nutzung im Kontext von Gesundheit und Fitness im Alter
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Schelling Hans Rudolf 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungFitness- und Gesundheitswerte werden heute meist digital mit Wearables und Apps gemessen. Es gibt jedoch kaum Studien, welche die alltägliche Nutzung dieser Selbstvermessungstechnologien bei älteren Personen empirisch erforschen. Der vorliegende Bericht untersucht diese Nutzung anhand von Ergebnissen aus einer repräsentativen Schweizer Bevölkerungsbefragung, bei der 1149 Personen ab 65 Jahren befragt wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Wearables und Gesundheits-Apps noch eher selten von älteren Personen genutzt werden; dennoch sind hier Nutzungspotenziale erkennbar.
Digitale Unterstützung für junge Senior*innen: Auswahlkriterien für einen sozialen Roboter
Authors: Abseher Christoph , Igerc Irina Elisabeth , Schneider Cornelia 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den nächsten Jahren gehen geburtenstarke Jahrgänge in Pension. Dadurch steigt der Bedarf an alters- und bedarfsgerechten digitalen Lösungen für diese mittlerweile technikvertrautere Zielgruppe. Soziale Roboter bieten hier eine Möglichkeit der digitalen Unterstützung. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit einem Kriterienkatalog, der eine systematische Auswahl von sozialen Robotern ermöglicht.
Wider die schlechte Gewohnheit: Selbstregulation erhöhen durch Fit-mit-ILSE
Authors: Würth Sabine , Hupfeld Hannah 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungViele Menschen haben die Intention, sich mehr zu bewegen, scheitern aber an der Umsetzung in konkretes Verhalten. Fit-mit-ILSE, ein IKT-basiertes Bewegungsprogramm, unterstützt Personen bei ihrer Selbstregulation, um diese Intentions-Verhaltens-Lücke zu schließen. Basierend auf dem MoVo-Konzept von Fuchs (2007) wird im Rahmen eines Lernmoduls insbesondere der konstruktive Umgang mit Barrieren und Hindernissen vermittelt. Die Evaluierung von Fit-mit-ILSE legt nahe, dass ausgewählte Selbstregulationstechniken zielführend geschult werden können. Die Analysen zeigen, dass Fit-mit-ILSE insbesondere die subjektiv wahrgenommene Wirksamkeit des Barrieremanagement erhöht.
Level-Up? Zur Gamifizierung von Fitness- und Gesundheits-Apps
Authors: Loh Wulf 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungGamifizierungsstrategien werden in Fitness-, Gesundheits- und Wohlbefindens-Apps weitläufig eingesetzt. In diesem Text wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit Gamifizierungen ethisch problematische Formen von Einflussnahme darstellen können. Dabei besteht zum einen die Gefahr, dass sie in der Motivation der Nutzer:innen auf unzulässige Formen von Paternalismus zurückgreifen. Zum anderen könnten hier ethisch bedenkliche Manipulationsstrategien im Spiel sein, wenn Apps versuchen, Nutzer:innen möglichst lange in der App zu halten und zur vermehrten Datenpreisgabe zu bewegen. Im Text wird dafür argumentiert, dass dies vor allem a) von der Schwere der motivationalen Effekte, b) dem Grad ihrer Erkennbarkeit, c) der Übereinstimmung der Ziele von Nutzer:in und App-Betreiber:innen, sowie d) der Wahrscheinlichkeit und Schwere unintendierter Nebenfolgen abhängt.
„Best Agers“ im digitalen Fitness-Trackingmodus. Zwischen Gesundheitsdispositiv und Selbstoptimierung
Authors: Dimitriou Minas 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungZiel des Beitrages ist es, den semantischen Wandel des Fitnessbegriffes im Verhältnis zur präventivmedizinischen Bewegung am Beispiel des Konzepts des aktiven Alterns zu untersuchen. Parallel dazu soll der Einfluss von Tracking-Technologien und Anwendungen auf einen möglichen Bedeutungswandel in der Wechselbeziehung zwischen Gesundheit und Fitness bzw. Wellness analysiert werden.Im Rahmen der Etablierung eines dominanten Gesundheitsdispositivs leisten Fitness und Wellness einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Klassifizierung, Konkretisierung und Aktualisierung von gesundheitsnormativen Idealen, was in den verschiedenen Bedeutungsverschiebungen und Interpretationsstrukturen deutlich wird. Durch die Tracking-Technologien im Prozess des aktiven Alterns und durch die Formierung neuer Subjektordnungen wird der Bedeutungswandel in der Wechselbeziehung zwischen Gesundheit und Fitness bzw. Wellness beschleunigt.
Fit mit Assistenzsystemen: Geht das denn?
Authors: Jungreitmayr Sonja 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungEs scheint viel Potenzial in Tablet und Co zu schlummern. Kann man der älteren Generation Programme zur Gesundheitsförderung via Smartphone und Applikationen näherbringen, sodass es ihr möglich ist mit diesen neuen Technologien länger fit und autonom in den eigenen vier Wänden zu leben? Ob diese Frage aufgrund vorliegender Erkenntnisse bestätigt werden kann oder doch wieder verworfen werden muss, versucht dieser Artikel zu ergründen.
USP48 and A20 synergistically promote cell survival in Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Jantaree Phatcharida , Chaithongyot Supattra , Sokolova Olga , Naumann Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe human pathogen Helicobacter pylori represents a risk factor for the development of gastric diseases including cancer. The H. pylori-induced transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is involved in the pro-inflammatory response and cell survival in the gastric mucosa, and represents a trailblazer of gastric pathophysiology. Termination of nuclear NF-κB heterodimer RelA/p50 activity is regulated by the ubiquitin-RING-ligase complex elongin-cullin-suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (ECSSOCS1), which leads to K48-ubiquitinylation and degradation of RelA. We found that deubiquitinylase (DUB) ubiquitin specific protease 48 (USP48), which interacts with the COP9 signalosome (CSN) subunit CSN1, stabilises RelA by deubiquitinylation and thereby promotes the transcriptional activity of RelA to prolong de novo synthesis of DUB A20 in H. pylori infection. An important role of A20 is the suppression of caspase-8 activity and apoptotic cell death. USP48 thus enhances the activity of A20 to reduce apoptotic cell death in cells infected with H. pylori. Our results, therefore, define a synergistic mechanism by which USP48 and A20 regulate RelA and apoptotic cell death in H. pylori infection.
Weak-strong Uniqueness for the Navier–Stokes Equation for Two Fluids with Ninety Degree Contact Angle and Same Viscosities
Authors: Hensel Sebastian , Marveggio Alice 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe consider the flow of two viscous and incompressible fluids within a bounded domain modeled by means of a two-phase Navier–Stokes system. The two fluids are assumed to be immiscible, meaning that they are separated by an interface. With respect to the motion of the interface, we consider pure transport by the fluid flow. Along the boundary of the domain, a complete slip boundary condition for the fluid velocities and a constant ninety degree contact angle condition for the interface are assumed. In the present work, we devise for the resulting evolution problem a suitable weak solution concept based on the framework of varifolds and establish as the main result a weak-strong uniqueness principle in 2D. The proof is based on a relative entropy argument and requires a non-trivial further development of ideas from the recent work of Fischer and the first author (Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 236, 2020) to incorporate the contact angle condition. To focus on the effects of the necessarily singular geometry of the evolving fluid domains, we work for simplicity in the regime of same viscosities for the two fluids.
Klinische Erfahrungen mit Cefiderocol
Authors: Witzke Oliver , Brenner Thorsten 
Published: August 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Infektionen mit antibiotikaresistenten Bakterien stellen eine hohe Gesundheitsbelastung dar, da sie mit erhöhter Letalität assoziiert sind und längerfristige dramatische Beeinträchtigungen der Lebensqualität hervorrufen können. In Deutschland erkranken jährlich etwa 54.500 Menschen an Infektionen durch antibiotikaresistente Erreger, von denen etwa 2400 Menschen versterben. Infektionen mit multiresistenten gramnegativen Bakterien (MRGN), insbesondere mit carbapenemresistenten Erregern, stellen ein besonderes Risiko dar, da nur eine begrenzte Zahl an Therapieoptionen verfügbar ist.

Fragestellung
Wie sind die Ergebnisse aus Studien und Compassionate-Use-Programm mit dem neuen Siderophorantibiotikum Cefiderocol, das im April 2020 von der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur (EMA) bei Erwachsenen zur Behandlung von Infektionen durch aerobe gramnegative Erreger zugelassen wurde, wenn nur begrenzte Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung stehen? Die Zulassung ist pathogenbasiert und fokusunabhängig [5].

Ergebnisse
Cefiderocol, das über einen innovativen Zelleintrittsmechanismus verfügt, ist als erstes β‑Laktam-Antibiotikum aus der Gruppe der Cephalosporine stabil gegenüber allen klinisch relevanten β‑Laktamasen, einschließlich Carbapenemasen, und hat eine hohe In-vitro-Wirksamkeit gegenüber carbapenemresistenten MRGN. Die Ergebnisse werden durch klinische Studien bei komplizierten Harnwegsinfektionen, nosokomialer Pneumonie/Beatmungspneumonie und schweren Infektionen durch carbapenemresistente Erreger bestätigt.

Fazit
Klinische Studiendaten sowie die Ergebnisse aus den weltweiten Erfahrungsberichten zeigen, dass Cefiderocol eine vielversprechende Behandlungsoption für schwere Infektionen durch multiresistente, insbesondere carbapenemresistente gramnegative Bakterien darstellt.
Serum exosomal coronin 1A and dynamin 2 as neural tube defect biomarkers
Authors: Wang Yanfu , Ma Ling , Jia Shanshan , Liu Dan , Gu Hui , Wei Xiaowei , Ma Wei , Luo Wenting , Bai Yuzuo , Wang Weilin , Yuan Zhengwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
No highly specific and sensitive biomarkers have been identified for early diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTDs). In this study, we used proteomics to identify novel proteins specific for NTDs. Our findings revealed three proteins showing differential expression during fetal development. In a rat model of NTDs, we used western blotting to quantify proteins in maternal serum exosomes on gestational days E18, E16, E14, and E12, in serum on E18 and E12, in neural tubes on E18 and E12, and in fetal neural exosomes on E18. The expression of coronin 1A and dynamin 2 was exosome-specific and associated with spina bifida aperta embryogenesis. Furthermore, coronin 1A and dynamin 2 were significantly downregulated in maternal serum exosomes (E12–E18), neural tubes, and fetal neural exosomes. Although downregulation was also observed in serum, the difference was not significant. Differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed in the serum exosomes of pregnant women during gestational weeks 12–40 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The findings revealed that coronin 1A and dynamin 2 showed potential diagnostic efficacy during gestational weeks 12–40, particularly during early gestation (12–18 weeks). Therefore, these two targets are used as candidate NTD screening and diagnostic biomarkers during early gestation.

Key messages

We used proteomics to identify novel proteins specific for NTDs.

CORO1A and DNM2 showed exosome-specific expression and were associated with SBA.

CORO1A and DNM2 were downregulated in maternal serum exosomes and FNEs.

CORO1A and DNM2 showed good diagnostic efficacy for NTDs during early gestation.

These two targets may have applications as NTD screening and diagnostic biomarkers.
Age- and sex-specific associations between risk scores for schizophrenia and self-reported health in the general population
Authors: Paquin Vincent , Pries Lotta-Katrin , ten Have Margreet , Bak Maarten , Gunther Nicole , de Graaf Ron , van Dorsselaer Saskia , Lin Bochao D. , van Eijk Kristel R. , Kenis Gunter , Richards Alexander , O’Donovan Michael C. , Luykx Jurjen J. , Rutten Bart P. F. , van Os Jim , Shah Jai L. , Guloksuz Sinan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The health correlates of polygenic risk (PRS-SCZ) and exposome (ES-SCZ) scores for schizophrenia may vary depending on age and sex. We aimed to examine age- and sex-specific associations of PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ with self-reported health in the general population.

Methods
Participants were from the population-based Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study–2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental and physical health were measured with the 36-item Short Form Survey 4 times between 2007 and 2018. The PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ were respectively calculated from common genetic variants and exposures (cannabis use, winter birth, hearing impairment, and five childhood adversity categories). Moderation by age and sex was examined in linear mixed models.

Results
For PRS-SCZ and ES-SCZ analyses, we included 3099 and 6264 participants, respectively (age range 18–65 years; 55.7–56.1% female). Age and sex did not interact with PRS-SCZ. Age moderated the association between ES-SCZ and mental (interaction: p = 0.02) and physical health (p = 0.0007): at age 18, + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.10 of mental health and − 0.08 of physical health, whereas at age 65, it was associated with − 0.21 and − 0.23, respectively (all units in standard deviations). Sex moderated the association between ES-SCZ and physical health (p < .0001): + 1.00 of ES-SCZ was associated with − 0.19 of physical health among female and − 0.11 among male individuals.

Conclusion
There were larger associations between higher ES-SCZ and poorer health among female and older individuals. Accounting for these interactions may increase ES-SCZ precision and help uncover populational determinants of environmental influences on health.
Generating Diffusions with Fractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Hairer Martin , Li Xue-Mei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study fast/slow systems driven by a fractional Brownian motion B with Hurst parameter $$H\in (\frac{1}{3}, 1]$$

H
∈
(

1
3

,
1
]

. Surprisingly, the slow dynamic converges on suitable timescales to a limiting Markov process and we describe its generator. More precisely, if $$Y^\varepsilon $$

Y
ε

denotes a Markov process with sufficiently good mixing properties evolving on a fast timescale $$\varepsilon \ll 1$$

ε
≪
1

, the solutions of the equation $$\begin{aligned} dX^\varepsilon = {\varepsilon }^{\frac{1}{2}-H} F(X^\varepsilon ,Y^\varepsilon )\,dB+F_0(X^\varepsilon ,Y^{\varepsilon })\,dt\; \end{aligned}$$

d

X
ε

=

ε

1
2

-
H

F

(

X
ε

,

Y
ε

)

d
B
+

F
0

(

X
ε

,

Y
ε

)

d
t

converge to a regular diffusion without having to assume that F averages to 0, provided that $$H< \frac{1}{2}$$

H
<

1
2

. For $$H > \frac{1}{2}$$

H
>

1
2

, a similar result holds, but this time it does require F to average to 0. We also prove that the n-point motions converge to those of a Kunita type SDE. One nice interpretation of this result is that it provides a continuous interpolation between the time homogenisation theorem for random ODEs with rapidly oscillating right-hand sides ($$H=1$$

H
=
1

) and the averaging of diffusion processes ($$H= \frac{1}{2}$$

H
=

1
2

).
Microstructural alterations measured by diffusion tensor imaging following transcatheter aortic valve replacement and their association with cerebral ischemic injury and cognitive function — a prospective study
Authors: Varga Andrea , Gyebnár Gyula , Suhai Ferenc Imre , Nagy Anikó Ilona , Kozák Lajos Rudolf , Póka Csenge Ágnes , Turáni Mirjam Franciska , Borzsák Sarolta , Apor Astrid , Bartykowszki Andrea , Szilveszter Bálint , Kolossváry Márton , Maurovich-Horvat Pál , Merkely Béla 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
We assessed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metric changes of the corpus callosum and cingulum correlated to postprocedural ischemic lesion load (ILL) and cognitive performance in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods
TAVR subjects had DTI post-TAVR (≤ 8 days) and at 6 months (78 participants, males 56%, age 78.8 years ± 6.3) and four neurocognitive tests (pre-TAVR, post-TAVR, 6 months, 1 year). DTI metrics (fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD)) were calculated for 7 regions: corpus callosum (genu, body, splenium) and cingulum (cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal cingulum bilaterally). DTI metrics post-TAVR and at 6 months were compared with Student’s t-test (p < 0.0071) and ANOVA covarying for sex, ILL (p < 0.05) with post hoc analysis of ILL groups (p < 0.0167). Repeated-measures linear mixed-effect model (p < 0.05) was performed to investigate the effect of time and ILL on cognition.

Results
At 6 months, significant decrease of the following DTI metrics was detected: AD (genu, body, splenium, right parahippocampal cingulum: p ≤ 0.0046); MD (body, both cingulate gyri: p ≤ 0.0050); RD (left cingulate gyrus: p = 0.0021); FA (splenium: p < 0.0001). ANOVA confirmed significant effect of female sex on AD + MD reduction (body, right cingulate gyrus) and AD reduction (left cingulate gyrus) (p ≤ 0.0254). Significant negative effect of ILL on some DTI metric changes was found (AD + MD-body: p ≤ 0.0050; MD-left cingulate gyrus: p = 0.0087).
Cognitive performance remained stable with significant negative correlation of ILL and retrograde memory and visual scores (p ≤ 0.0483).

Conclusion
Significant effect of TAVR on cerebral microstructural integrity was found with reduced diffusivities opposite to the trends reported in various neurodegenerative conditions/ageing, notably in women and lower ILL, and with preserved/improved cognition.
Trial registration number.
NCT02826200 at ClinicalTrials.gov; date of registration: 07. July 2016.
The Adhesive Perinephric Fat Score is Correlated with Outcomes of Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Benign Diseases
Authors: Chen Wei , Fang Qixiang , Ding Shangshu , Wu Xiaonan , Zhang Pan , Cao Jing , Wu Dapeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundRetroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) possessing unique superiority with minimal abdominal interference is complicated by the status of periadrenal fat, including its quantity and texture. We hypothesized that an adherent perinephric fat predictor, the Mayo Adhesive Probability score (Mayo score), is associated with the perioperative outcomes of RLA.MethodsThis retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent RLA for the diagnosis of benign adrenal tumors at our institution between 2017 and 2020. Medical records were reviewed to evaluate the association between Mayo scores obtained from preoperative computed tomography imaging and surgical outcomes as well as complications. Factors independently related to perioperative results were analyzed using multivariable regression models.ResultsIn total, 186 RLA were included. According to their Mayo scores, the patients were divided as follows: 0 (n = 51, 27.4%), 1 (n = 34, 18.3%), 2 (n = 45, 24.2%), 3 (n = 29, 15.6%), 4 (n = 16, 8.6%) and 5 (n = 11, 5.9%). Longer operative time (92.0 ± 25.0 vs. 114.7 ± 30.6 vs. 137.4 ± 27.1 min, P < 0.001), higher estimated blood loss (42.2 ± 28.1 vs. 70.5 ± 44.9 vs. 132.6 ± 63.4 mL, P < 0.001) and greater decline of hemoglobin (0.7 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.6 g/dL, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with elevated Mayo score risks. No difference in complication rates was found. The score was identified as a unique, independent risk factor for perioperative outcomes on multivariable analysis.ConclusionsThe Mayo score is a vital outcome predictor of RLA. It may be utilized in the preoperative planning for patients undergoing RLA.
Low-dose ionizing radiation and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Frangione Brianna , Hinton Patrick , Villeneuve Paul J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Ionizing radiation is a human carcinogen, and there is evidence that exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes.

Methods
We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the research of maternal and paternal exposure to low-dose radiation on low birth weight, miscarriage, pre-term delivery, and stillbirth. Our literature search used four databases (PubMed, Environmental Index, GeoBASE, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). We included study populations exposed to occupational and medical sources of radiation, nuclear disasters, and those living near nuclear power plants. We considered papers published between January 1st, 1990, and June 30th, 2021. The quality of the studies was assessed, and we performed meta-analysis using random effects models to generate summary measures of association. Forest plots were created to assess the heterogeneity in these measures, and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias.

Results
Overall, 26 studies were identified, and these yielded measures of association from 10, 11, and 8 studies for low birth weight, miscarriage, and stillbirth outcomes, respectively. It was not possible to perform meta-analyses for pre-term delivery due to a small number of studies. The meta-analysis summary relative risk (RR) of having a low-birth-weight infant among those ever exposed to radiation relative to those unexposed, after adjusting for publication bias, was 1.29 (95% CI 0.97–1.73). The corresponding risk estimates for miscarriage and stillbirth were 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.30), and 1.19 (95% CI 0.98–1.45), respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that ionizing radiation increases the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Future work should strive to provide data needed to better understand the shape of the exposure–response curve.