bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Level Laser Therapy Role in Surgical Extractions
Authors: Almasri Mazen Ahmad , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Kulkarni Purva , Raj Ankita , Zeya Asfar , Mann Navaljeet Kaur , Tiwari Rahul V. C. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been of interest in the clinical application in dentistry. Hence, we evaluated the LLLT on the wound healing in the mandibular surgical extraction.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective clinical study with 50 male subjects, equally distributed as controls and cases. Routine surgical extraction was done for control group, and in case group, LLLT was applied after the extraction. Evaluation was done for various parameters and after comparison the P value was less than 0.05 which was considered as significant.

Results:
Significant difference was seen between the groups for the socket depth on 7th day, swelling on 1st, 3rd, and 5th days, and pain on all the days.

Conclusion:
LLLT can be successfully used for the surgical extractions.
Prevalence and Pattern of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Saluja Jagveer Singh , Bambawale Amrut , Priyadharsana P. S. , Ganesh C. , Karunajothi E , Shunmugavelu Karthik 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to analyze the prevalence of age, gender distribution, etiology, anatomic distribution, and treatment of mandibular fractures.

Materials and Methods:
This 2-year retrospective study was carried out in few multispeciality hospitals in India. The results were collected, and descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS.

Results:
Of 180 patients that were analyzed, males and the age group of 20–30 years had a higher prevalence of mandibular fractures with road traffic accidents being the most common etiological factor. Condyle was the most common site affected. Open treatment with rigid and nonrigid fixation was the commonly used method of treatment.

Conclusion:
Stratification of various epidemiological studies with data obtained over a large study period and sample size must be obtained to understand the plausible factors associated with mandibular fractures for appropriate diagnosis and management of mandibular fractures.
Assessment and Evaluation of Soft Tissue Measurements between Various Mandibular Divergences in the South Indian Population
Authors: Kumar A. Anand , Parthiban P. , Kumar S. Sathesh , Divakar G. , Sekar S. Sharmila , Silambu M. R. 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the mandibular divergent patterns and soft tissue chin (STC) thickness measured at different chin levels in nongrowing patients.

Methodology:
Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 400 adult patients were segregated into four groups based on mandibular divergence pattern defined by the mandibular plane to cranial base angle (average 32° ± 5°), Group I with low angle (below 27°), Group II with medium low angle (28°–32°), Group III with medium high angle (33°–36°), and Group IV with high angle (above 37°). STC thickness was measured between Pog-Pog' (pogonion), Gn-Gn' (gnathion), and Me-Me' (menton), thickness and height of the upper and lower lips were also measured. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey analysis.

Results:
A significant difference in the STC thickness at Pog, Gn, and Me was observed among all four groups with hyperdivergent patterns, showing decreased STC thickness than the hypodivergent mandibular pattern. Thickness of the upper and lower lips was greater in hypodivergent mandible, whereas height of the lips was greater in hyperdivergent mandible.
Surface Characteristics of Different Zirconia Dental Implants
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Airan Manish , Ejaj Mohamed , Lakshmi K. Pratyusha , Salkar Manjiri , Loganathan Jeevanandam , Agroya Pooja 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The invention of dental implants has replaced the fixed partial dentures for the replacement of the teeth. Hence, in the present study, we compared the surface characteristics of various zirconia dental implant systems.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted an in vitro comparative study of 50 implants of the dental implant systems “Straumann pure ceramic implants (SC) and Bredent dent whiteSKY™ (BW).” Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare the groups for the surface characters at the different regions of the implant surface.

Results:
SC showed deep markings on the surface and droplets, and BW showed smoother surface and bigger droplets under the SEM.

Conclusion:
SC may perform better in the clinical conditions as the surface characters are better than the BW.
An Experimental Study on Esthetic Preference and Satisfaction of Lip Position with Various Facial Divergences among the South Indian Population
Authors: Kumar A. Anand , Mithun E. Krithikka , Kumar Sathesh , Divakar G. , Sekar Sharmila , Nagarajan Sanchana 
Published: July 2022

Aim:
The aim of this study was to establish the most and least pleasing lip position and to evaluate esthetic preference in profile view among the South Indian population with diverse facial divergence.

Materials and Methods:
Photographs of 12 participants with an average lip position were taken, and original lip position (Image C) was altered by ± 2 mm and ± 4 mm from the original position of upper and lower lips using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 version. Image A and Image B comprised photographs with retrusive lips of 4 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and Image D and Image E comprised photographs with protrusive lips of 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The altered photographs were evaluated for pleasing lip positions by 300 examiners which comprised 102 orthodontists, 107 general dentists, and 91 laypersons.

Results:
A questionnaire was conducted through Google Forms, and the examiners favored Image C with an average lip position as the most desired lip position, whereas Image E with 4-mm lip protrusion and Image A with 4-mm lip retrusion were the least desired irrespective of gender or facial divergence.

Conclusion:
Importance to establish appropriate soft-tissue esthetics is the primary concern of an orthodontic treatment.
Comparative Assessment of Perceived Pain in Children During Palatal Anesthesia Using Two Injection Techniques
Authors: Patil Anand N. , Saurabh Sandeep , Pragya Prakhar , Aijazuddin Amreen , Chandra Satish , Singh Chawla Jatinder Pal 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) is an approach that uses a constant and slow flow of delivering the anesthetic solution into the tissues, which is capable of alleviating pain and discomfort in children.

Aim:
Assessment of perceived pain in children during palatal anesthesia using Wand technique and conventional technique.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 30 children requiring bilateral palatal anesthesia were included in the study in a split-half design. The children were asked to indicate their intensity of pain response on a visual analog scale (VAS) after administration of anesthesia by the Wand technique and the conventional technique.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16.0. Mann–Whitney U test compared the mean VAS scores between the two groups. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of less than 0.05.

Results:
The mean VAS scores using the Wand technique and the conventional technique were 3.87 ± 1.99 and 4.20 ± 1.44, respectively (P = 0.332). Females had lesser VAS scores compared to males (P = 0.008).

Conclusion:
Females readily accepted the Wand technique compared to males, although there was no substantial difference between the two injection procedures.
Knowledge of Rural Population about Orthodontics
Authors: Jha Kunal , Patowary John , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Kauser Afreen , Varma Praveen Kumar , Thakur Sneha , Tiwari Heena Dixit 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Dental specialties are seldom recognized in India. Hence, in the present study, we aim to assess awareness among the rural population about the dental specialty of orthodontics.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional observational study at the rural center attached to the institute. We divided the participants into two groups as adults and teenagers. A questionnaire with 15 questions to assess the knowledge of the orthodontics was given and the response was noted. Data were analyzed for the statistical significance.

Results:
We observed no significant difference in general information and awareness about the knowledge for the orthodontics.

Conclusion:
There is still a deficit of the awareness among rural India about the dental specialty of the orthodontics irrespective of the age and gender. Awareness camps have to be arranged at the school levels.
Marginal Bone Loss Evaluation Postdental Implants Placed with Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Almasri Mazen Ahmad , Reddy K. Sudhakara , Hotchandani Kamal D. , Mogla Sahil , Kondreddy Kameswari , Nainan P. I. , Dayalan Nandini 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Various materials are used to improve the longevity of the dental implants. In our study, we assessed the marginal bone loss around dental implants after implantation with platelet-rich plasma.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective clinical study among 200 subjects who were grouped equally as those with and without the application of PRF in the implantation. The radiographic and clinical features for the marginal bone loss were assessed and compared keeping P < 0.05 as statistically significant.

Results:
We observed no significant variation between the groups for the mobility, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and marginal bone loss.

Conclusion:
We can conclude that the application of PRP concentrate did not significantly affect the marginal bone loss in the dental implantation.
Sleep Disorders among Dental Students
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Abdul Nishath Sayed , Mandal Nag Bhushan , Nasar Areeba , Mogla Sahil , Loganathan Jeevanandam , Dutta Priyanjali 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
With the increased stress among the students, their sleep patterns have been derailed from the routine. Hence, in our study, we aimed to appraise among the dental students the occurrence of sleep disorders.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a questionnaire-based survey study among 1115 dental students of 1–4 years. The survey was based on SLEEP-50 that had 50 questions that were given scores from 1 to 4 based on the response. The scores were analyzed for the statistical connotation, keeping P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:
We observed that 352 students suffered from sleep disorders. The sex ratio of male:female was 25:75. No significant age variation was seen. For the various disorders, insomnia (25%), nightmares (13%), and sleepwalk (8%), circadian rhythm disorders (34%), obstructive sleep apnea (26%), and narcolepsy (30%) were noted with significant variation. The habit of alcohol was seen in 17% of students.

Conclusions:
The sleep disorders were prevalent among the dental students due to the great amount of stress caused in the study. They should be educated about the stress management methods and importance of sleep.
Incidence and Risk Factors of “Postdural Puncture Headache” in Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery under Spinal Anesthesia with 26G Quincke Spinal Needle, Experience of Medical College in Rural Settings in India 2019
Authors: Thakur Sunil , Sharma Anupriya , Kaushal Sushruti , Sharma Ashish , Sharma Nisha , Thakur Preyander Singh 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Almost every cesarean delivery is done under spinal anesthesia because of ease of doing, rapid onset, avoids maternal and fetal risk of general anesthesia, promotes early recovery. Major complication especially in young women undergoing LSCS under spinal anesthesia is post dural puncture headache (PDPH) which is caused by cerebrospinal fluid leakage. There is wide variation in reported incidence of PDPH (0.3% to 40 %) after spinal anesthesia being affected by various procedure and non procedure related risk factors like age, gender, needle size and type, numbers of spinal attempts and previous history of PDPH.

Methods:
Prospective cohort study was conducted in 335 patients posted for caesarean section under spinal anesthesia from January 2019 to September 2019 in medical College situated in rural India. Spinal anesthesia was given by 26 G Quincke spinal needle. All patients were evaluated for incidence and severity of PDPH from post operative day 1 to day 5.

Result:
Incidence of PDPH was 11.4% in this study. Majority of patients (62.5%) were having mild pain. All patients reported PDPH with 72 hours.

Conclusion:
Body mass index (BMI), h/o PDPH, multiple attempts for successful spinal anesthesia did not have any significant association with PDPH in our study.
Impact of Chronic Periodontitis on Intrauterine Growth of the Fetus
Authors: Iqbal Asif , Lakkappa Lakshmi , Chhabra Parul , Kondreddy Kameswari , Kumari Sharmila , Raju B Mrudula , Francis Mariea 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The human body goes through a roller coaster of hormonal changes during pregnancy. The periodontal pathologies may alter and may bring about different/altered responses to normal stimuli. Hence, in our study, we assessed the relation between the chronic periodontitis and its impact on the intrauterine growth of the fetus.

Material and Method:
We conducted a retrospective observational study, where the data was collected from the institutional records. We included 200 pregnant subjects and grouped them equally as those with and without periodontal pathologies. We compared the groups for various parameters of the subject and the new born, and measured the significance deliberating P < 0.05 as significant.

Results:
We observed that among the various clinical parameters, the female subjects were exponentially prone to “vulvo-vaginitis, premature rupture of membranes” and the new born had restricted growth.

Conclusion:
Oral health affects the general health. The periodontal disease specifically has an adverse impact among pregnant women. Hence care should be given to oral hygiene maintenance.
Dental Caries and Brushing Techniques Attitude in School Students
Authors: Shakeel Mohd , Sultana Fozia , Mandal Nag B. , Mathew Rohit , Lenin Kuppusamy R. , Akilan Vidhya , Tiwari Heena D. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Oral health plays an important role in the overall wellness of an individual. Hence in our study, we aim to evaluate the awareness and knowledge about dental caries and pattern of brushing among secondary school students.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a questionnaire-based survey among 200 secondary school students to estimate their awareness and knowledge about dental caries and brushing pattern. Only those students with at least one filled, missing, or decayed tooth were considered. The data was presented as percentages.

Results:
We observed that knowledge regarding dental caries among students was 72.5%. 75.5% students had good knowledge of brushing teeth; nonetheless 30% brushed their teeth twice. Only 21.5% students visited the dental clinic.

Conclusion:
Though good knowledge about dental caries and brushing was appreciated among the students, very few students practiced good oral hygiene habits. Promotion of oral hygiene habits should be motivated at the school level.
The Influence of Stress in Modulating the Relationship between Coronavirus Disease-2019 Disease and Sleep Quality
Authors: Jacob George , Thomas Deena C. , Jo Shiana , Mathew Benila , Reshmi A. 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The emotional well-being of health-care employees is critical to the quality of patient care and the efficient operation of health services. Not only has the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus caused significant rates of morbidity and mortality around the world but it has also caused sleep disruption, stress, and pandemic-related anxiety among health-care workers. The current study examines associations among COVID-related fear, stress, and sleep quality in health professionals.

Methods:
From January to June 2021, a cross-sectional survey was done in Kerala among doctors, nurses, paramedical workers, and housekeeping employees. About 822 health-care providers from various districts took part in the study by completing a Google forms-based semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The data were coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Descriptive statistical analysis, percentages, and ratios were employed to summarize the data.

Results:
The majority of participants were between the ages of 46 and 55 (35%). Forty-four percent and 46% of respondents, respectively, were concerned about contracting COVID-19 and spreading the virus to others. COVID-19 restrictions were the primary concern of psychological distress among respondents (90%). Approximately one-fourth of the subjects reported using sleep medication, 42% took 30 min or longer to fall asleep, and 39% slept for 6 h or less. Poor sleep quality was reported to be prevalent in 62% of the population.

Conclusion:
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to cause significant levels of fear, stress, and sleep disruption in health-care professionals. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic represented a significant threat to their psychological health, and public health strategies should focus on improving it.
A Clinical Study to Assess the Severity of Periodontal Disease in Relation to Glycemic Status of Type II Diabetic Individuals
Authors: Ramakrishnan Hemalatha , Nandini Vidyashree Venugopal , Ayyadurai Mathan Mohan , Ramalingam Shakila , Amanullah Aniz 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The study is done to find out the association between the glycemic status of Type II diabetic patients and the severity of periodontal disease (PD).

Materials and Methods:
Study groups included a total of 90 Type II diabetic individuals and were divided as Group I with well-controlled diabetics and Group II with poorly controlled diabetics based on glycosylated hemoglobin levels. The periodontal parameters of all patients, namely probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing oral hygiene index-debris index score, were assessed. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
The periodontal parameters of all patients with poor glycemic control were significantly higher than well-controlled group. There was a significant difference between all clinical parameters between groups with P < 0.001 indicating severe PD in poor glycemic status group.

Conclusion:
The severity of PD is related to glycemic status. The poorly controlled diabetic patients had severe periodontitis than well-controlled diabetic patients. Local factors such as dental plaque seem to have a major influence in disease progression.
Knowledge and Anxiety for Dental Treatments Due to COVID-19 among General Public
Authors: Gowdar Inderjit Murugendrappa , Alradan Mansour Hussien , Alqahtani Ali Aedh , Alhumaidani Rakan Khaled , Alhumaidani Faisal Khaled , Alshalan Nawaf Abdulaziz 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
The fears, anxiety, and worries created among general population by COVID-19 are severe. The procedures which generate aerosols transmit most of COVID-19 transmission and we know one such procedure is dental treatment. After the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a change in health-care services; hence, this droplet transmission in dentistry became an issue which needs to be addressed.

Methodology:
A descriptive, online questionnaire survey was conducted among adults above 20 years. The questionnaire consisted of demographic details and questions related to anxiety and fear of considering dental treatment during this pandemic situation.

Results:
680 people responded for the study, among which 32% had COVID symptoms. 27% of them said that they are afraid of dental treatment during the pandemic whereas 47% said that they will accept if there is an emergency. The main reason for this fear was droplet infection in dental clinics.

Conclusion:
The fear of dental treatment during pandemic is moderate. This may be due to the self-care, positive behavior toward oral care by the people, and fear of cross-contamination due to airborne infections though the personal protective measures were followed.
Antimicrobial Prescription Patterns among Oral Implantologists of Kerala, India
Authors: George Annie Kitty , Narayan Vivek , Joseph Betsy , Balram Bindya , Anil Sukumaran 
Published: July 2022

Background and Objectives:
Antimicrobial resistance is a grave public health concern, and it is important to optimize the use of antimicrobials in dental surgeries. Antimicrobial prescriptions in dental implant placements are often empiric and not guided by consensus or specific guidelines. The aim of this study was to elucidate antibiotic prescribing patterns among oral implantologists. The objectives were to identify the frequency of antimicrobial usage and preferences regarding the perioperative timing of prescriptions, type of antibiotic, dosage, and duration in different implant placement scenarios.

Subjects and Methods:
An anonymized web-based survey was carried out. Participants were drawn from the lists of oral implantologists from all local branches of the Indian Dental Association in the state of Kerala, India, until the required sample size was met. Responses were recorded using an Internet-based validated questionnaire sent via e-mail to the participants. The questionnaire contained five sections with both open-ended and closed-ended questions.

Results:
Among the 93 participants, 59% of the dental implantologists preferred 0.2% povidone-iodine as a preprocedural mouth rinse in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, and 68% prescribed 0.12%–0.2% chlorhexidine as the postoperative mouth rinse. The majority of the participants (73%) routinely prescribed systemic antibiotics perioperatively during implant placement surgery. Interestingly, while none of the participants preferred a solely preoperative regimen, 92.4% of the dentists in our survey prescribed both pre- and postoperative antibiotics. Antibiotics of choice as the preoperative agents were amoxicillin and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The most preferred postoperative agent was amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The popularly reported rationale behind a preoperative antibiotic was to decrease or eliminate local or systemic infections (79%), and the majority of the participants (60%) prescribed postoperative antibiotics to prevent postoperative infection.

Conclusions:
Systemic antibiotic prescriptions in implant placement surgery are not based on currently available evidence. Most oral implantologists who participated in the survey prescribed systemic antibiotics to prevent perioperative infection, even in simple and straightforward implant placements. Specific guidelines need to be generated in complex implant placement situations and implant placement in medically compromised patients to prevent excessive prescriptions.