bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microplastics do not affect bleaching of Acropora cervicornis at ambient or elevated temperatures
Authors: Plafcan Martina M. , Stallings Christopher D. 
Published: June 2022

Microplastic pollution can harm organisms and ecosystems such as coral reefs. Corals are important habitat-forming organisms that are sensitive to environmental conditions and have been declining due to stressors associated with climate change. Despite their ecological importance, it is unclear how corals may be affected by microplastics or if there are synergistic effects with rising ocean temperatures. To address this research gap, we experimentally examined the combined effects of environmentally relevant microplastic concentrations (i.e., the global average) and elevated temperatures on bleaching of the threatened Caribbean coral, Acropora cervicornis. In a controlled laboratory setting, we exposed coral fragments to orthogonally crossed treatment levels of low-density polyethylene microplastic beads (0 and 11.8 particles L−1) and water temperatures (ambient at 28 °C and elevated at 32 °C). Zooxanthellae densities were quantified after the 17-day experiment to measure the bleaching response. Regardless of microplastic treatment level, corals in the elevated temperature treatment were visibly bleached and necrotic (i.e., significant negative effect on zooxanthellae density) while those exposed to ambient temperature remained healthy. Thus, our study successfully elicited the expected bleaching response to a high-water temperature. However, we did not observe significant effects of microplastics at either individual (ambient temperature) or combined levels (elevated temperature). Although elevated temperatures remain a larger threat to corals, responses to microplastics are complex and may vary based on focal organisms or on plastic conditions (e.g., concentration, size, shape). Our findings add to a small but growing body of research on the effects of microplastics on corals, but further work is warranted in this emerging field to fully understand how sensitive ecosystems are affected by this pollutant.
Impact of Cosmobiological Factors on Chromosomal Anomalies Rates - Ethical Consideration
Authors: Serapinas Danielius , Narbekovas Andrius 
Published: June 2022

Backround: In recent years, there is an increasing number of data supporting the relation between lunar cycle and alterations in human body. For instance, it has been proved that hospitalized spontaneous abortions are significantly associated with the lunar cycle . Given that the most common cause of spontaneous abortion is chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo, we presumed that the lunar cycle could influence the occurrence of chromosomal diseases. From the point of bioethics it is a question if it is applicable to talk with patients about possible impact of cosmobiological factors on their case of chromosomal anomaly.
Patients and Methods: We have selected 52 patients, who were bearing a fetus with a prenatally diagnosed chromosomal disorder, which included Down, Turner, Klinefelter, Patau and Edward syndromes. The control group (n=92) consisted of families, that were prenatally tested for chromosomal abnormalities and the results were negative. Then we gathered and analyzed information from patients' medical histories about various factors, which could have predisposed chromosomal disorders: age of both progenitors, consumption of medications during pregnancy, number of miscarriages, number of abortions, cases of genetic disorders in relatives, lunar phase on the day of conception.
Results: Lunar phases at the time of conception in the test group distributed as following: new Moon 32.7 percent, first quarter 25.0 percent, full Moon 28.8 percent, third quarter 13.5 percent. In the control group lunar phases distributed as following: new Moon 29.3 percent, first quarter 27.2 percent, full Moon 26.1 percent, third quarter 17.4 percent. There was observed no statistically significant difference between test and control groups (p>0.05). OR for conception with chromosomal anomalies were increased in July (2.7(CI 95% 1.5-4.9) and December (3.2 (CI 95% 1.5-5.2) (p<0.05). OR showed decreased risk for chromosomal anomalies during conception at January (0.3 (CI 95% 0.1-0.7) , April (0.5 (CI 95% 0.2-0.7) and June 0.5 (CI 95% 0.2-0.8) (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Our study showed there were no associations between lunar phase at the time of conception with the rates of chromosomal mutations. Conception in July and December increases the risk of chromosomal anomalies during conception. In contrast conception in January, April and June decreases chromosomal anomalies rates.
Verification of Fascial Fissure Direction at the Port-site: the Search for a Reliable Closure Method
Authors: Kimura Masahiro , Harata Koshiro , Tsuboi Ken , Maeda Yuzo , Nakaya Seiichi , Matsuo Yoichi , Mitsui Akira , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: June 2022

Background: One of the complications of endoscopic surgery is port-site hernia. The risk of port-site hernia is minimized by proper port-site closure, which relies on appropriate characterization of the fascia, particularly the direction of fascial fissures.
Methods: The following 4 procedures were examined to identify the fascial fissure direction: mobility of the port, observation from the lumen of the port, palpation for fascia, and visual confirmation. The match rate of each procedure with visual confirmation was verified.
Results: 51 port-sites without fasciotomy were examined. The direction of the fissure was from 12 to 6 o’clock in 11 cases and 3 to 9 o’clock in 40 cases. The match rate between mobility and the fissure was 45.1%. The match rate of observation from the lumen was 96.1%. Comparing the suturing time, the average time was significantly shortened to 327 seconds in the second half compared to 494 seconds in the first half of our study period with the VersaOneTM fascial closure system.
Conclusion: Treatment of port-site hernia can be done by suture or mesh repair, although ideally it is best to prevent the hernia in the first place. The fissure direction was almost always identifiable via observation from the lumen of the port. Closure of the port-site using modified Z-sutures allowed for full fascial closure, particularly in cases of patients with obesity.
Relationship of the Excessive placental Calcification and Amniotic Fluid Turbidity with Fetal Outcome in Normotensive and Preclamptic Pregnancies
Authors: Mahmoued Basma T. , Zyton Hosam A. , Osman Ahmed M. , Eltokhy Hesham M. 
Published: June 2022

Background: However, the trigger for abnormal placental development and the subsequent cascade of events remains unknown.)Placental calcification often noted on ultrasound examination during pregnancy, is characterized by widespread deposition of calcium on the placenta, resulting in echogenic focithe aim of this study is to assess the relation between excessive Placental calcification and amniotic fluid turbidity with fetal outcome in normotensive and preeclampsia woman.
Methods: Fifty pregnant women aged from 20 to 30 years old, classified into two groups (normotensive group & preecamptic group) each group involved 25 cases.
Results: there was 40% of preeclampsia had turbid amniotic fluid and only 8% of normotensive group had turbid amniotic fluid with no statistical difference in between (P= 0.188)
Conclusions: This study concluded that stair step regimen improves the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate without any detrimental side effects compared to traditional regimen. It helps to know the sensitivity and resistance of an individual to CC much earlier and helps to plan ahead with alternative treatment for desired outcome.
Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Anti Hyperlipidimic and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of Malus domestica
Authors: Hussaini A. Ruhina , Priya V. Vishnu , Gayathri R. , Kavitha S. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Malus domestica is a well known plant commonly known as apple belonging to the family Rosaceae. The fruit is rich in flavonoids and many other phytochemicals. The fruit is also reported to have many therapeutic properties.
Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse phytochemical constituents and to evaluate antihyperlipidemic and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of Malus domestica aqueous extract.
Materials and Methods: The phytochemical screening, and assessment of in vitro anti cholesterol and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were done in aqueous extract of Malus domestica using standard procedures.
Results and Discussion: Many phytochemical elements, such as alkaloids, proteins, amino acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, and steroids, were found in Malus domesticus extract. The extract also has anticholesterol effect in vitro, according to the findings. The extract is also efficient in inhibiting the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in a concentration dependent manner. The results obtained in the study show that Malus domestica has significant anti cholesterol and antioxidant activities.
Conclusion: The present study established the potent in vitro anti cholesterol and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of Malus domestica.
Adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network tracking control for nonlinear systems with input saturation and full state time‐varying constraints
Authors: Han Yu‐Qun , Liu Si‐Min , Du Yang , Yang Shu‐Guo 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIn this article, an adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) control approach is developed for nonlinear systems subject to input saturation and full state time‐varying constraints. Using the function approximation property of MTN, an adaptive tracking control method is developed by incorporating the concept of time‐varying state constraints into the construct of barrier Lyapunov functions. The proposed approach not only ensures all closed‐loop system signals are bounded but also that all states of the system never violate the given time‐varying constraints. The most important advantage of the proposed control strategy is that it can obtain satisfactory control effects with low computational cost. Finally, two examples are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
NN‐based decentralized adaptive event‐triggered control for nonlinear interconnected systems under intermittent DoS and injection attacks
Authors: Cui Yahui , Sun Haibin , Hou Linlin 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis article investigates the problem of decentralized adaptive neural network event‐triggered control of strict feedback nonlinear interconnected systems suffering injection attacks and intermittent denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. When DoS attacks occur, the sensor‐controller communication channel is jammed. This may result in system states and traditional backstepping methods are unavailable. A novel switching‐type state observer is constructed to overcome the aforementioned challenges. When the injection attacks occur, the input signals of the controller‐actuator communication channel are changed. A decentralized adaptive event‐triggered controller is designed by using the backstepping method, where a first‐order sliding mode differentiator is introduced to avoid “computational explosion.” The observer gain is derived via the linear matrix inequality technique simultaneously. By using an improved average dwell time method and Lyapunov function theory, all closed‐loop signals are bounded. Finally, a numerical example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Radiofrequency Plasma‐Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposited Pt/TiOxNy Coatings on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Gas Diffusion Electrodes for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Pajootan Elmira , Alolabi Sammie Amin , Omanovic Sasha , Coulombe Sylvain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study reports on the fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered electrocatalyst nanostructures for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Thin titanium oxynitride (TiOxNy) coatings are deposited on a forest of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), directly grown on a stainless‐steel mesh, by capacitively coupled radiofrequency plasma‐assisted pulsed laser deposition (RF‐PAPLD) in a N2 environment. The resulting high‐surface‐area binder‐free electrode is further coated with a low quantity of well‐dispersed Pt nanoparticles (NPs) by PLD in an inert atmosphere. High‐speed imaging of the laser‐induced plasma expansion provided evidence of a higher kinetics of the expanding plume at higher RF plasma powers, changing the morphology of the TiOxNy coatings. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the coatings are homogeneous throughout their thickness, where the TiN, TiON, and TiO bonds exist in all samples. The oxygen content of the coating increases with the RF plasma power. Both TiOxNy/MWCNT and Pt/TiOxNy/MWCNT nanostructures are tested in a gas diffusion electrode setup to evaluate their activity in the ORR. The results showed the superior activity of the Pt/TiOxNy‐0.03 Torr‐30 W/MWCNT, reaching the highest current density of 180 mA cm−2, while the commercial Pt/C electrode with the same Pt loading yielded 105 mA cm−2 at the potential of 0.5 V.
Phonon Analysis of 2D Organic‐Halide Perovskites in the Low‐ and Mid‐IR Region
Authors: Chen Yan‐Fang , Mahata Arup , Lubio Aura D. , Cinquino Marco , Coriolano Annalisa , Skokan Lilian , Jeong Young‐Gyun , Razzari Luca , De Marco Luisa , Ruediger Andreas , De Angelis Filippo , Colella Silvia , Orgiu Emanuele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCombining the characteristics of hybrid perovskites and layered materials, 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites exhibit unique properties, some of which still require to be deeply understood. In this study, the vibrational signatures of such materials are analyzed by collecting experimental Raman spectra of four distinct compounds. Supported by density functional theory simulations, the role of the phenyl spacer single fluorination on the phonon modes of two similar yet different compounds, i.e., phenethylammonium lead iodide (PEAI) and 4‐fluorophenethylammonium lead iodide (PEAI‐F), is explained. In addition, this work analyzes some so‐far unreported experimental Raman peaks in the 600–1100 cm−1 range and discusses their origin in this class of 2D compounds. This work paves the way for a better design of novel compounds as well as for their exploitation in (opto)electronic applications.
Highly Efficient Filterless Bilateral Majority Carrier‐Type Color Photodetectors
Authors: Cho Yeonsoo , Kim Hyunah , Choi Jaewu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotodetectors (PDs) are essential for promoting the modern technology‐reliant lifestyles. Accordingly, the demand for efficient PDs with built‐in signal amplification capabilities is constantly increasing. Generally, built‐in signal amplification is achieved using an avalanching process that operates at a high bias voltage with inevitable excess noise. In this study, back‐to‐back Schottky diodes (BTB SDs) are designed to demonstrate a significant amplification of signals at low bias voltages with relatively low excess noise. Furthermore, the detection efficiency is bilateral and relies less on the illuminated junction or the bias polarity, but is influenced by the wavelength of the illuminating light owing to the specific device structures employed. This enables the identification of the color of the incident light without using any color filters. The BTB graphene–insulator–silicon‐on‐insulator (BTB G–I–SOI) PDs fabricated with controlled interfacial oxides exhibit photoresponsivity up to 2.01 × 104 A W−1, specific detectivity of 1.57 × 1014 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 5 V, and a rapid response (≈0.3 ms) for a two‐millimeter‐long channel. Thus, BTB G–I–SOI PDs are highly efficient filterless color sensors that establish a novel route for diverse applications of PDs.
Conductive LaCeNb6O18 with a Very Open A‐Site‐Cation‐Deficient Perovskite Structure: A Fast‐ and Stable‐Charging Li+‐Storage Anode Compound in a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Wang Wenze , Zhang Qian , Jiang Tian , Li Songjie , Gao Jiazhe , Liu Xuehua , Lin Chunfu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLi4Ti5O12 (LTO) is the most famous Li+‐storage anode material with fast‐ and stable‐charging capability, but suffers from several disadvantages, such as poor electron conduction, low energy density, and disappointing high‐temperature performance. Here, LaCeNb6O18 (LCNO) micrometer‐sized particles are explored as a fast‐ and stable‐charging anode material superior to LTO sub‐micrometer‐sized particles in terms of the working potential, rate capability, and high‐temperature performance. The conductive Ce3+ and Nb5+↔Nb3+ reactions in LCNO, respectively, enable its significantly larger electronic conductivity and lower working potential than those of LTO. LCNO owns a very open A‐site‐cation‐deficient perovskite structure, in which (vacancy/La/Ce)O12 layers with electrochemical inactivity and superior volume‐buffering capability locate between active NbO6 layers, leading to not only fast Li+ diffusivity but also low‐ and negative‐strain behavior at different temperatures. At 25 °C, LCNO exhibits higher rate capability (50 vs 0.1 C capacity ratio of 67.9%) than that of LTO, and excellent cyclability. At 60 °C, LCNO maintains excellent cyclability, and achieves larger reversible capacity and even higher rate capability, whereas the high temperature lowers all the electrochemical properties of LTO. Therefore, LCNO holds great promise for fast‐ and stable‐charging applications in a wide temperature range, even when its particle sizes are on the order of micrometers.
Shape variation in the talus and medial cuneiform of chimpanzees and bonobos
Authors: Friesen Sarah E. , Knigge Ryan P. , Jashashvili Tea , Harcourt‐Smith William E. H. , Schoeninger Margaret J. , Tocheri Matthew W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesBonobos and chimpanzees do not differ from one another in overall frequencies of arboreality versus terrestriality as much as once thought. Thus, at a broad level, one would predict that there is little difference in foot morphology among Pan taxa. However, behavioral data suggest that bonobos more often use smaller diameter substrates (<10 cm) when climbing whereas western chimpanzees frequently climb larger diameter (>15 cm) substrates. This study tests the hypothesis that if Pan medial cuneiform and talus morphology reflects these substrate preferences, then the morphology of these bones should favor hallucial grasping in bonobos and an inverted foot set in western chimpanzees.Materials and MethodsThree‐dimensional geometric morphometric (3DGM) methods were used to explore shape variation in 126 talus and 127 medial cuneiform 3D surface models acquired from 108 chimpanzees (24 western, four Nigeria‐Cameroon, 33 central, 32 eastern, and 15 captive unknowns) and 22 bonobosResultsThe shapes of the talus and medial cuneiform in Pan covary as a functional unit emphasizing hallucial grasping with a less inverted foot set in bonobos and a more inverted foot set with a less abducted hallucial set in western chimpanzees. Other chimpanzee subspecies fall between these two extremes.DiscussionBonobo and western chimpanzee medial cuneiform and talus shapes are consistent with their differing preferences for using smaller and larger diameter substrates, respectively, when vertically climbing. These results suggest that even among closely related taxa, foot, hand, and other postcranial anatomy may be fine‐tuned for specific locomotor behaviors or preferences.
From Wood Chuck Holes to Worm Holes—A Look into the Notebooks of John A. Wheeler
Authors: Blum Alexander S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article offers an introduction to the notebooks of the American physicist John Archibald Wheeler (1911–2008) and argues that they represent a unique historical source. Several salient features of these notebooks are highlighted by following the example of the emergence of the concept of a “wormhole,” one of Wheeler's most famous ideas.
Durch Liganden ermöglichte Disproportionierung von 1,2‐Diphenylhydrazin an einem PV‐Zentrum**
Authors: Karnbrock Simon B. H. , Golz Christopher , Mata Ricardo A. , Alcarazo Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWir stellen hiermit die Synthese eines nahezu quadratisch‐pyramidalen Chlorophosphorans vor, das von dem tetradentaten Bis(amidophenolat)‐Liganden N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenoxy)‐1,2‐phenylendiamid getragen wird. Nach Chloridabstraktion fördert das resultierende Phosphoniumkation effizient die Dis‐proportionierung von 1,2‐Diphenylhydrazin zu Anilin und Azobenzol. Mechanistische Studien, spektroskopische Analysen und theoretische Berechnungen legen nahe, dass diese beispiellose Reaktivität für PV‐Zentren durch die hohe Elektrophilie des kationischen PV‐Zentrums verursacht wird, die auf die geometrischen Einschränkungen durch den starren Pincer‐Liganden zurückzuführen ist, kombiniert mit der Fähigkeit der o‐Amidophenolat‐Komponenten, als Elektronenreservoir zu fungieren. Diese Studie veranschaulicht die vielversprechende Rolle der Kooperativität zwischen redox‐aktiven Liganden und Phosphor für die Entwicklung von Organokatalysatoren, die Redoxprozesse fördern können.
High‐Quality N‐Doped Graphene with Controllable Nitrogen Bonding Configurations Derived from Ionic Liquids
Authors: Li Shuang , Liu Mincong , Wang Xiulian , Ye Guohua , Peng Yan , Zhao Yufeng , Guan Shiyou 
Published: June 2022

AbstractControllable nitrogen doping is an effective way to regulate the electronic properties of graphene and further to facilitate its wider application. However, the synthesis of high‐quality nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) with a controllable nitrogen configuration still faces considerable challenges. In this work, we present for the first time a simple method for the one‐step synthesis of NG with ionic liquids (ILs) as precursors, which avoids the defects introduced by secondary doping and simplifies the process. Using 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM‐dca) as the precursor, we obtained a high‐quality NG with few defects (ID/IGis 0.83), nitrogen content (4.11 at%), and graphite‐N proportion of 92% at a growth temperature of 1000 °C and field effect transistors (FETs) fabricated on SiO2/Si substrates using the NG exhibited typical n‐type semiconductor behavior in air. Our findings bring more inspiration for the controllable growth of high‐quality graphitic N‐doped graphene, thereby promoting its application possibilities in numerous fields.
Stop looking at me! associations between men's partner‐objectification and women's self‐objectification, body shame and life satisfaction in romantic relationships
Authors: Pecini Chiara , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Crapolicchio Eleonora , Stathi Sofia , Vezzali Loris , Andrighetto Luca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA growing amount of empirical evidence shows that sexual objectification can be elicited within the context of romantic relationships, leading to adverse consequences for women's well‐being. However, most of this research assessed women's self‐reported perceptions of being objectified by their romantic partner, while scant and not converging research has considered men's objectifying perceptions toward their romantic partners. Furthermore, little is known about the underlying mechanisms through which partner‐objectification is associated with negative consequences for women. To fill these gaps, we involved a sample of heterosexual couples (N = 196) and investigated whether men's partner‐objectification would be related to women's self‐objectification (in terms of self‐surveillance) and, in turn, their body shame. Further, we examined whether self‐objectification and body shame mediated the relation between men's partner‐objectification and women's undermined life satisfaction. Confirming our hypotheses, serial mediation analyses showed that partner‐objectification was associated with life satisfaction in women via the indirect effect of self‐objectification and body shame. Implications of these findings for literature on sexual objectification and relationship satisfaction are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.