bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The aluminum distribution and translocation in two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance
Authors: Zhang Han , Li Xin-yu , Lin Mei-lan , Hu Ping-ping , Lai Ning-wei , Huang Zeng-rong , Chen Li-song 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Many citrus orchards of south China suffer from soil acidification, which induces aluminum (Al) toxicity. The Al-immobilization in vivo is crucial for Al detoxification. However, the distribution and translocation of excess Al in citrus species are not well understood.

Results
The seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and ‘Shatianyou’ [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck], that differ in Al tolerance, were hydroponically treated with a nutrient solution (Control) or supplemented by 1.0 mM Al3+ (Al toxicity) for 21 days after three months of pre-culture. The Al distribution at the tissue level of citrus species followed the order: lateral roots > primary roots > leaves > stems. The concentration of Al extracted from the cell wall (CW) of lateral roots was found to be about 8 to 10 times higher than in the lateral roots under Al toxicity, suggesting that the CW was the primary Al-binding site at the subcellular level. Furthermore, the Al distribution in CW components of the lateral roots showed that pectin had the highest affinity for binding Al. The relative expression level of genes directly relevant to Al transport indicated a dominant role of Cs6g03670.1 and Cg1g021320.1 in the Al distribution of two citrus species. Compared to C. grandis, C. sinensis had a significantly higher Al concentration on the CW of lateral roots, whereas remarkably lower Al levels in the leaves and stems. Furthermore, Al translocation revealed by the absorption kinetics of the CW demonstrated that C. sinensis had a higher Al retention and stronger Al affinity on the root CW than C. grandis. According to the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis, the Al distribution and translocation might be affected by a modification in the structure and components of the citrus lateral root CW.

Conclusions
A higher Al-retention, mainly attributable to pectin of the root CW, and a lower Al translocation efficiency from roots to shoots contributed to a higher Al tolerance of C. sinensis than C. grandis. The aluminum distribution and translocation of two citrus species differing in aluminum tolerance were associated with the transcriptional regulation of genes related to Al transport and the structural modification of root CW.
The genetic control of polyacetylenes involved in bitterness of carrots (Daucus carota L.): Identification of QTLs and candidate genes from the plant fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Dunemann Frank , He Wanying , Böttcher Christoph , Reichardt Sven , Nothnagel Thomas , Heuvelmans Paul , Hermans Freddy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Falcarinol-type polyacetylenes (PAs) such as falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH) are produced by several Apiaceae vegetables such as carrot, parsnip, celeriac and parsley. They are known for numerous biological functions and contribute to the undesirable bitter off-taste of carrots and their products. Despite their interesting biological functions, the genetic basis of their structural diversity and function is widely unknown. A better understanding of the genetics of the PA levels present in carrot roots might support breeding of carrot cultivars with tailored PA levels for food production or nutraceuticals.

Results
A large carrot F2 progeny derived from a cross of a cultivated inbred line with an inbred line derived from a Daucus carota ssp. commutatus accession rich in PAs was used for linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Ten QTLs for FaOH and FaDOH levels in roots were identified in the carrot genome. Major QTLs for FaOH and FaDOH with high LOD values of up to 40 were identified on chromosomes 4 and 9. To discover putative candidate genes from the plant fatty acid metabolism, we examined an extended version of the inventory of the carrot FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2) gene family. Additionally, we used the carrot genome sequence for a first inventory of ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) genes possibly involved in PA biosynthesis. We identified genomic regions on different carrot chromosomes around the found QTLs that contain several FAD2 and CER1 genes within their 2-LOD confidence intervals. With regard to the major QTLs on chromosome 9 three putative CER1 decarbonylase gene models are proposed as candidate genes.

Conclusion
The present study increases the current knowledge on the genetics of PA accumulation in carrot roots. Our finding that carrot candidate genes from the fatty acid metabolism are significantly associated with major QTLs for both major PAs, will facilitate future functional gene studies and a further dissection of the genetic factors controlling PA accumulation. Characterization of such candidate genes will have a positive impact on carrot breeding programs aimed at both lowering or increasing PA concentrations in carrot roots.
Prevalence of healthy aging among community dwelling adults age 70 and older from five European countries
Authors: Schietzel Simeon , Chocano-Bedoya Patricia O. , Sadlon Angelique , Gagesch Michael , Willett Walter C. , Orav Endel J. , Kressig Reto W. , Vellas Bruno , Rizzoli René , da Silva José A. P. , Blauth Michael , Kanis John A. , Egli Andreas , Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To compare the prevalence of healthy aging among adults age 70 and older from 5 European countries recruited for the DO-HEALTH clinical trial. Participants were selected for absence of prior major health events.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of DO-HEALTH baseline data. All 2,157 participants (mean age 74.9, SD 4.4; 61.7% women) were included and 2,123 had data for all domains of the healthy aging status (HA) definition. HA was assessed based on the Nurses` Health Study (NHS) definition requiring four domains: no major chronic diseases, no disabilities, no cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA ≥25), no mental health limitation (GDS-5 <2, and no diagnosis of depression). Association between HA and age, BMI, gender, and physical function (sit-to-stand, gait speed, grip strength) was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for center.

Results
Overall, 41.8% of DO-HEALTH participants were healthy agers with significant variability by country: Austria (Innsbruck) 58.3%, Switzerland (Zurich, Basel, Geneva) 51.2%, Germany (Berlin) 37.6%, France (Toulouse) 36.7% and Portugal (Coimbra) 8.8% (p <0.0001). Differences in prevalence by country persisted after adjustment for age. In the multivariate model, younger age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.98), female gender (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81), lower BMI (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.96), faster gait speed (OR = 4.70, 95% CI 2.68 to 8.25) and faster performance in sit-to-stand test (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.93) were independently and significantly associated with HA.

Conclusions
Despite the same inclusion and exclusion criteria preselecting relatively healthy adults age 70 years and older, HA prevalence in DO-HEALTH varied significantly between countries and was highest in participants from Austria and Switzerland, lowest in participants from Portugal. Independent of country, younger age, female gender, lower BMI and better physical function were associated with HA.

Trial registration
DO-HEALTH was registered under the protocol NCT01745263 at the International Trials Registry (clinicaltrials.gov), and under the protocol number 2012–001249-41 at the Registration at the European Community Clinical Trial System (EudraCT).
Association between social capital and frailty and the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyles in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Shan , Jin Canhuan , Li Shaojie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To explore the association between social capital and frailty and the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyles among Chinese older adults, while providing scientific evidence for frailty intervention.

Methods
In May 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 674 Chinese older adults in Changsha city. Data was collected using the Chinese Shortened Social Capital Scale (comprising structural social capital and cognitive social capital as two subscales), a simplified version of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between social capital and frailty. Structural equation modeling was used to test the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyles.

Results
Cognitive social capital was significantly negatively associated with frailty and its three dimensions (physical, psychological, and social frailty), but structural social capital was not. Health-promoting lifestyles played a mediating role in the associations of cognitive social capital with frailty, physical and psychological frailty, but not with social frailty.

Conclusions
Higher cognitive social capital was associated with a reduced likelihood of frailty. The health-promoting lifestyles partially mediated the association between cognitive social capital and frailty. The use of health-promoting lifestyles or appropriate cognitive social capital interventions may reduce frailty among older adults.
Diagnostic stewardship aiming at expectorated or induced sputum promotes microbial diagnosis in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Waagsbø Bjørn , Buset Eva Margrethe , Longva Jørn-Åge , Bjerke Merete , Bakkene Birgitte , Ertesvåg Anne-Stine , Holmen Hanne , Nikodojevic Marko , Tran To Thy , Christensen Andreas , Nilsen Einar , Damås Jan Kristian , Heggelund Lars 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Studies on aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) vary in terms of microbial sampling methods, anatomical locations, and laboratory analyses, since no gold standard exists. In this large, multicentre, retrospective, regional study from Norway, our primary objective was to report the results of a strategic diagnostic stewardship intervention, targeting diagnostic yield from lower respiratory tract sampling. The secondary objective was to report hospitalized CAP aetiology and the diagnostic yield of various anatomical sampling locations.

Methods
Medical records from cases diagnosed with hospitalized CAP were collected retrospectively from March throughout May for three consecutive years at six hospitals. Between year one and two, we launched a diagnostic stewardship intervention at the emergency room level for the university teaching hospital only. The intervention was multifaceted aiming at upscaling specimen collection and enhancing collection techniques. Year one at the interventional hospital and every year at the five other emergency hospitals were used for comparison.

Results
Of the 1280 included cases of hospitalized CAP, a microbiological diagnosis was established for 29.1% among 1128 blood cultures and 1444 respiratory tract specimens. Blood cultures were positive for a pathogenic respiratory tract microbe in 4.9% of samples, whereas upper and lower respiratory tract samples overall provided a probable microbiological diagnosis in 21.3% and 47.5%, respectively. Expectorated or induced sputum overall provided aetiology in 51.7% of the samples. At the interventional hospital, the number of expectorated or induced sputum samples were significantly increased, and diagnostic yield from expectorated or induced sputum was significantly enhanced from 41.2 to 62.0% after the intervention (p = 0.049). There was an over-representation of samples from the interventional hospital during the study period. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 25.3% and 24.7% of microbiologically confirmed cases, respectively.

Conclusion
Expectorated or induced sputum outperformed other sampling methods in providing a reliable microbiological diagnosis for hospitalized CAP. A diagnostic stewardship intervention significantly improved diagnostic yield of lower respiratory tract sampling.
Prognostic accuracy of time to sputum culture conversion in predicting cure in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis patients: a multicentre retrospective observational study
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad , Ahmad Nafees , Atif Muhammad , Ahmad Izaz , Wahid Abdul , Khan Asad , Saleem Fahad , Ghafoor Abdul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
There was a lack of information about prognostic accuracy of time to sputum culture conversion (SCC) in forecasting cure among extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients. Therefore, this study evaluated the prognostic accuracy of SCC at various time points in forecasting cure among XDR-TB patients.

Methods
This retrospective observational study included 355 eligible pulmonary XDR-TB patients treated at 27 centers in Pakistan between 01-05-2010 and 30-06-2017. The baseline and follow-up information of patients from treatment initiation until the end of treatment were retrieved from electronic nominal recording and reporting system. Time to SCC was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier method, and differences between groups were compared through log-rank test. Predictors of time to SCC and cure were respectively evaluated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards and binary logistic regression analyses. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 226 (63.6%) and 146 (41.1%) patients respectively achieved SCC and cure. Median time to SCC was significantly shorter in patients who achieved cure, 3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.47–3.53), than those who did not (median: 10 months, 95% CI: 5.24–14.76) (p-value < 0.001, Log-rank test). Patient’s age > 40 years (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.632, p-value = 0.004), baseline sputum grading of scanty, + 1 (HR = 0.511, p-value = 0.002), + 2, + 3 (HR = 0.523, p-value = 0.001) and use of high dose isoniazid (HR = 0.463, p-value = 0.004) were significantly associated with early SCC. Only SCC at 6 month of treatment had statistically significant association with cure (odds ratio = 15.603, p-value < 0.001). In predicting cure, the sensitivities of SCC at 2, 4 and 6 months were respectively 41.8% (95%CI: 33.7–50.2), 69.9% (95%CI: 61.7–77.2) and 84.9% (95%CI: 78.1–90.3), specificities were respectively, 82.8% (95%CI: 76.9–87.6), 74.6% (95%CI: 68.2–80.4) and 69.4% (95%CI: 62.6–75.5) and prognostic accuracies were respectively 65.9% (95%CI: 60.7–70.8), 72.7% (95%CI: 67.7–77.2) and 75.8% (95%CI: 71.0–80.1).

Conclusion
In forecasting cure, SCC at month 6 of treatment performed better than SCC at 2 and 4 months. However, it would be too long for clinicians to wait for 6 months to decide about the regimen efficacy. Therefore, with somewhat comparable prognostic accuracy to that SCC at 6 month, using SCC at 4 month of treatment as a prognostic marker in predicting cure among XDR-TB patients can decrease the clinicians waiting time to decide about the regimen efficacy.
An open-label phase 2 trial to assess the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of lanthanum carbonate in hyperphosphatemic children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis
Authors: Wasilewska Anna , Murray Rose Ann , Sundberg Aimee , Uddin Sharif , Achenbach Heinrich , Shavkin Aleksey , Szabó Tamás , Vergani Andrea , Umeh Obi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This study assessed the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of lanthanum carbonate (LC) in hyperphosphatemic children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing dialysis.

Methods
This was a three-part, multicenter, open-label study of LC (oral powder formulation) in patients 10 to < 18 years old with CKD undergoing dialysis. In part 1, the single-dose PK of LC (500 mg, ≤12 years old; 1000 mg, > 12 years old) were summarized. In part 2, patients received calcium carbonate (CC [chewable tablet formulation]) (1500–6500 mg [total daily dose]) followed by LC (powder formulation) (1500–3000 mg [total daily dose]), or LC only (1500–3000 mg [total daily dose]), each for 8 weeks. During part 3, patients received LC (1500–3000 mg [total daily dose]) for up to 6 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of LC-treated patients achieving serum phosphorus control after 8 weeks during parts 2 and/or 3, defined as: ≤1.94 mmol/L, < 12 years old; ≤1.78 mmol/L, ≥12 years old. Secondary efficacy endpoints included: the proportion of patients who achieved serum phosphorus control after 8 weeks of treatment with CC followed by 8 weeks of treatment with LC (with a washout period between treatments). The safety of LC and CC was also evaluated.

Results
In part 1, 20 patients received a single dose of LC. In part 2, 53 and 51 patients were treated with CC and LC for 8 weeks, respectively. During part 3, 42 patients received LC for up to 6 months. Most patients were white and male. For the primary efficacy endpoint, 50% (17/34) of patients who received LC for 8 weeks during parts 2 and/or 3 achieved serum phosphorus control. After 8 weeks of treatment with CC, 58.8% of patients achieved serum phosphorus control; after a subsequent washout period and 8 weeks of treatment with LC, 70.6% of patients achieved serum phosphorus control. Tmax and t1/2 occurred within 3–8 h and ~ 19 h, respectively; however, variability was observed. LC and CC were generally well tolerated.

Conclusions
These data support the use of LC to manage hyperphosphatemia in pediatric patients with CKD undergoing dialysis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01696279; EudraCT identifier: 2012–000171-17.
Date of registration: 01/10/2012.
Association of fish oil containing lipid emulsions with retinopathy of prematurity: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Yang Rongqiang , Ding Hao , Shan Jing , Li Xiaole , Zhang Jian , Liu Guanghui , Zheng Hong , Su Yu , Yao Hongyang , Qi Kemin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in parenteral nutrition may have beneficial effects on ROP in preterm infants.

Methods
A total of 89 preterm infants, admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital from September 2017 to August 2020, were recruited in the study. Based on the medical documents, the subjects were categorised into two groups: administration of the fish oil emulsion (n=43) containing soy oil, medium-chain-triglycerides (MCT), olive oil and fish oil (6g/dL, 6g/dL, 5g/dL and 3g/dL respectively), and the soy oil emulsion (n=46) containing 10g/dL of soy oil and MCT each. At 4 weeks of hospitalization, ROP was screened and diagnosed. Fatty acids in erythrocytes were determined using gas chromatography.

Results
The averaged birth weight and gestational age were 1594±296 g and 31.9±2.3 wk, 1596±263 g and 31.6±2.3 wk respectively for preterm infants in the fish oil group and soy oil group. After 4 to 6 weeks of hospitalization, among all the preterm infants, 52 developed ROP (all stages) indicating an incidence of ROP at 58.43%. Although the incidence of ROP with any stages showed no differences between the two groups, the severe ROP incidence in the group with fish oil emulsions (2.33%) was significantly lower than that in the group with soy oil emulsions (23.91%) (P<0.05). After 14 days of nutrition support, the preterm infants administered fish oil emulsions had an increase in erythrocyte DHA content, with a reduction in ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) to DHA and an increase of n-3 index.

Conclusion
Supplementation of n-3 PUFAs through parenteral fish oil containing lipid emulsions resulted in an increase in erythrocyte DHA, and this might have beneficial effects on prevention of severe ROP in preterm infants.
The association of the age, period, and birth cohort with 15-year changes in body mass index and waist circumference in adults: Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS)
Authors: Barzin Maryam , Aryannezhad Shayan , Bagheri Mohammad , Mahdavi Maryam , Valizadeh Majid , Azizi Fereidoun , Hosseinpanah Farhad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To examine the association of age, period, and birth cohort with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) changes among the participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study from 1999 to 2015.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 4895 participants aged ≥20 years (41.3% men), who were divided into twelve gender stratified groups, having a ten-year age difference between them. Analyses were conducted to explicitly assess the association of age vs. period on BMI and WC changes. In addition, we evaluated BMI and WC changes among different birth cohorts.

Results
Upon 15 years of follow-up, the mean BMI of men and women increased from 26.0 ± 3.9 to 27.5 ± 4.3 kg/m2 and from 27.5 ± 4.8 to 29.9 ± 5.4 kg/m2 (P trend < 0.001), and this trend was accompanied by an increase in WC from 88.8 ± 10.9 to 97.8 ± 10.4 cm and from 87.3 ± 12.4 to 95.8 ± 12.1 cm, respectively (P trend < 0.001). Men and women in all age cohorts tended to have a rise in their BMI and WC with aging throughout the follow-up period. For men, this trend was more prominent in younger birth cohorts at phase III for BMI and at phases III and V for WC (indicating a significant negative association with birth cohort). For women, this trend was more prominent in older birth cohorts at both phases III and V for BMI and WC (indicating a significant positive association with the birth cohort).

Conclusion
The rise in BMI and WC was strongly associated with age in both sexes. The men born in the recent birth cohorts and the women born in earlier birth cohorts had the most alarming BMI and WC trends. More efforts must be spent on obesity prevention policies, especially for younger men.
Incidence and risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Zhou Rong , Hou Bailing , Tang Suhong , Hao Jing , Gu Xiaoping , Ma Zhengliang , Zhang Juan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been widely used as an alternative for thoracotomy, but the reported incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) following VATS varied widely. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for CPSP after VATS.

Methods
We retrospectively collected preoperative demographic, anesthesiology, and surgical factors in a cohort of patients undergoing VATS between January 2018 and October 2020. Patients were interviewed via phone survey for pain intensity, and related medical treatment 3 months after VATS. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to explore independent risk factors associated with CPSP.

Results
2348 patients were included in our study. The incidence of CPSP after VATS were 43.99% (n = 1033 of 2348). Within those suffering CPSP, 14.71% (n = 152 of 1033) patients reported moderate or severe chronic pain. Only 15.23% (n = 23 of 152) patients with moderate to severe chronic pain sought active analgesic therapies. Age < 65 years (OR 1.278, 95% CI 1.057–1.546, P = 0.011), female (OR 1.597, 95% CI 1.344–1.898, P < 0.001), education level less than junior school (OR 1.295, 95% CI 1.090–1.538, P = 0.003), preoperative pain (OR 2.564, 95% CI 1.696–3.877, P < 0.001), consumption of rescue analgesia postoperative (OR 1.248, 95% CI 1.047–1.486, P = 0.013), consumption of sedative hypnotic postoperative (OR 2.035, 95% CI 1.159–3.574, P = 0.013), and history of postoperative wound infection (OR 5.949, 95% CI 3.153–11.223, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CPSP development.

Conclusions
CPSP remains a challenge in clinic because half of patients may develop CPSP after VATS.
Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100045765), 2021/04/24