bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigenic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75
Authors: Wang Qian , Iketani Sho , Li Zhiteng , Guo Yicheng , Yeh Andre Yanchen , Liu Michael , Yu Jian , Sheng Zizhang , Huang Yaoxing , Liu Lihong , Ho David D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.75 emerged recently and appears to be spreading rapidly. It has nine mutations in its spike compared to BA.2, raising concerns it may further evade vaccine-elicited and therapeutic antibodies. Here, we found BA.2.75 to be moderately more neutralization resistant to sera from vaccinated/boosted individuals than BA.2 (1.8-fold), similar to BA.2.12.1 (1.1-fold), but more neutralization sensitive than BA.4/5 (0.6-fold). Relative to BA.2, BA.2.75 showed heightened resistance to class 1 and class 3 monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain, while gaining sensitivity to class 2 antibodies. The resistance was largely conferred by the G446S and R460K mutations. Of note, BA.2.75 was slightly resistant (3.7-fold) to bebtelovimab, the only therapeutic antibody with potent activity against all Omicron subvariants. BA.2.75 also exhibited higher receptor binding affinity than other Omicron subvariants. BA.2.75 provides yet another example of the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as it gains transmissibility while incrementally evading antibody neutralization.
Condensin reorganizes centromeric chromatin during mitotic entry into a bipartite structure stabilized by cohesin
Authors: Sacristan Carlos , Samejima Kumiko , Ruiz Lorena Andrade , Lambers Maaike L.A. , Buckle Adam , Brackley Chris A. , Robertson Daniel , Hori Tetsuya , Webb Shaun , Fukagawa Tatsuo , Gilbert Nick , Marenduzzo Davide , Earnshaw William C. , Kops Geert J.P.L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes cohesin and condensin establish the 3D organization of mitotic chromosomes1–3. Cohesin is essential to maintain sister chromatid pairing until anaphase onset4, while condensin is important for mitotic centromere structure and elastic resistance to spindle forces5–8. Both complexes are also important to form productive kinetochore-spindle attachments6, 8, 9. How condensin and cohesin work together to shape the mitotic centromere to ensure faithful chromosome segregation remains unclear. Here we show by super-resolution imaging, Capture-C analysis and polymer modeling that vertebrate centromeres are partitioned into two distinct condensin-dependent subdomains during mitosis. This bipartite sub-structure is found in human, mouse and chicken centromeres and also in human neocentromeres devoid of satellite repeats, and is therefore a fundamental feature of vertebrate centromere identity. Super-resolution imaging reveals that bipartite centromeres assemble bipartite kinetochores with each subdomain capable of binding a distinct microtubule bundle. Cohesin helps to link the centromere subdomains, limiting their separation in response to mitotic spindle forces. In its absence, separated bipartite kinetochores frequently engage in merotelic spindle attachments. Consistently, uncoupling of centromere subdomains is a common feature of lagging chromosomes in cancer cells. The two-domain structure of vertebrate regional centromeres described here incorporates architectural roles for both condensin and cohesin and may have implications for avoiding chromosomal instability in cancer cells.
Compensatory mutations reducing the fitness cost of plasmid carriage occur in plant rhizosphere communities
Authors: Bird Susannah M. , Ford Samuel , Thompson Catriona M. A. , Little Richard , Hall James P.J. , Jackson Robert W. , Malone Jacob , Harrison Ellie , Brockhurst Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlasmids drive bacterial evolutionary innovation by transferring ecologically important functions between lineages, but acquiring a plasmid often comes at a fitness cost to the host cell. Compensatory mutations, which ameliorate the cost of plasmid carriage, promote plasmid maintenance in simplified laboratory media across diverse plasmid-host associations. Whether such compensatory evolution can occur in more complex communities inhabiting natural environmental niches where evolutionary paths may be more constrained is, however, unclear. Here we show a substantial fitness cost of carrying the large conjugative plasmid pQBR103 in Pseudomonas fluorescens in the plant rhizosphere. This plasmid fitness cost could be ameliorated by compensatory mutations affecting the chromosomal global regulatory system gacA/gacS, which arose rapidly in plant rhizosphere communities and were exclusive to plasmid carriers. These findings expand our understanding of the importance of compensatory evolution in plasmid dynamics beyond simplified lab media. Compensatory mutations contribute to plasmid survival in bacterial populations living within complex microbial communities in their natural environmental niche.
Gaining legitimacy or exploiting opportunities? MNCs’ response to the belt and road initiative in China
Authors: Lv Ping , Arnoldi Jakob , Villadsen Anders Ryom 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether and why multinational corporations (MNCs) seek to reduce institutional costs of foreign direct investments (FDIs) by aligning with transnational political frameworks.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to test whether MNCs’ subsidiaries in China increase FDI into BRI-affiliated countries after the BRI’s launch. This study compares FDIs by Chinese subsidiaries of foreign MNCs in the year before and two years after the BRI’s announcement. Hypotheses are tested for two explanations of why foreign MNCs seek to exploit the BRI.

Findings
Investments into BRI-affiliated countries increased after the announcement of the BRI, and this increase is positively moderated by institutional distance between the MNC home country and the BRI-affiliated target country. This shows that the greater the institutional costs of investing in a BRI-affiliated country, the more responsive the MNCs’ Chinese subsidiary will be to the BRI.

Research limitations/implications
This study demonstrates that MNCs respond to transnational political frameworks. This study only studies the immediate response because the BRI is an infrastructure project. Better infrastructure will, over time, lead to more investments; however, the immediate response is due not to infrastructure but political structure.

Originality/value
The results show how MNCs use transnational political frameworks. The idea that MNCs can channel FDI through existing subsidiaries for this purpose has not previously been discussed in the literature.
The fog index in accounting research: contributions and challenges
Authors: Efretuei Ekaete , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to review the use of the fog index in accounting research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology with a sample of 126 accounting research articles. The review applies the theoretical framework of disclosure's stewardship, valuation and accountability roles to identify the contributions and challenges of using the fog index in accounting research.FindingsThis paper shows that the primary contribution of the fog index to accounting research relates to the disclosure obfuscation hypothesis (e.g. whether management obfuscates narratives associated with earnings). It also finds that the challenge in using the fog index is in disentangling its measure of firm environmental complexity from narrative obfuscation. Regarding disclosure utility, there is limited evidence on the differential effects of complexity on investor types and whether the fog index findings are associated with narrative obfuscation or firm environmental complexity is driven by investor types.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors develop a research database of fog index studies categorised based on contributions to disclosure obfuscation or disclosure utility, highlighting contributions to the stewardship, valuation and accountability roles of disclosures, which researchers can use to develop future studies.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to accounting literature by offering the first comprehensive review on the use of the fog index in accounting research. It offers researchers a consolidated review of the study of linguistic complexity of accounting information and disclosure functions using a theoretical framework that can inform regulators, policymakers and future researchers in designing future research/policy.
Averting the “resource curse phenomenon” through government effectiveness. Evidence from Ghana's natural gas production
Authors: Adabor Opoku 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe “resource curse phenomenon” has received a lot of attention from researchers; however, there has not been any sound explanation to back this phenomenon since the main reason why natural resource should restrain economic growth instead of boosting economic growth remains unanswered. This paper contributes to literature on “resource curse hypothesis” by examining the role of government effectiveness in influencing the impact of gas resource rent on economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the Cobb-Douglass production and incorporated gas resource rent, institutional quality (government effectiveness), inflation and exchange rate as additional variables that influences total output (gross domestic product). The author estimated the empirical form of the Cobb-Douglass production using autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and Toda and Yamamoto (1995) as the main estimation strategies while other time series approaches were used as a robustness check.FindingsThe estimates from the ARDL short-run and the long-run dynamics suggest that the direct impact of gas resource rent on economic growth was positive but not statistically significant. At the same time, the interacting of gas resource rent and government effectiveness showed a positive and statistically significant effect of nearly 0.4123 and 0.8724 on economic growth in the long run and short run, respectively. The results from the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) also indicated that economic growth has a strong influence on gas resource rent while government effectiveness drives economic growth and not vice versa.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings from this study imply that government effectiveness plays a crucial role in averting the “resource curse phenomenon”. Hence, improving government effectiveness and efficiency through minimizing corruption among state institutions would be imperative in curbing the “resource curse phenomenon” in developing countries.Originality/valueThe influential role of government effectiveness on the relationship between gas resource rent on economic growth is examined.
CircFNDC3B knockdown restrains the progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through miR‐214‐3p/CDC25A axis
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Li Xiaolin , Duan Chao , Jia Yifei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCircular RNA (circRNAs) Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 3B (FNDC3B) (circFNDC3B) has been revealed to be involved in the progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Hence, the potential regulatory network of circFNDC3B in ESCC was further investigated. Levels of genes and proteins were examined by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. In vitro assays were performed using colony formation assay, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. The target relationship between miR‐214‐3p and circFNDC3B or cell division cycle 25 homologue A (CDC25A) was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter and RIP assays. In vivo assay was carried out using the xenograft nude mice model. CircFNDC3B was highly expressed in ESCC, and high circFNDC3B expression was tightly associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Functionally, circFNDC3B knockdown not only suppressed ESCC cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro, but hindered ESCC tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circFNDC3B acted as a sponge for miR‐214‐3p to up‐regulate the expression of its target CDC25A. Rescue experiments showed that miR‐214‐3p inhibitor reversed the anticancer effects of circFNDC3B knockdown. Moreover, forced expression of miR‐214‐3p suppressed the malignant phenotypes mentioned above, while this condition was abolished by CDC25A overexpression. CircFNDC3B silencing restrains the tumorigenesis of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through miR‐214‐3p/CDC25A axis, which opens a new window to the development of novel therapeutic strategy for ESCC patients.
Life‐history traits of the endangered mud snail Batillaria multiformis in their northern limit population in Mutsu Bay, Japan
Authors: Kanaya Gen , Yamada Katsumasa , Itoh Hajime , Igarashi Takeshi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a citizen‐based research project in an elementary school, we examined the life‐history traits of the endangered mud snail Batillaria multiformis in Mutsu Bay, one of the species northernmost populations in Japan. The snails occurred widely in the intertidal zone in summer, but they were densely aggregated near the low‐tide line from autumn to winter. Shell lengths (SLs) ranged from 1.2 to 49.5 mm, and one to four or more size cohorts occurred in the population. Batillaria multiformis spawned from August to September, settled in autumn, and grew to 4–6 mm SL the following spring. The snails grew to 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, and 20–25 mm SL in the second to fifth autumns, respectively. The highest growth rates were from July to August, while shell growth stopped from September to April. The snails became sexually mature at least 4–10 years (24.1 to ca. 50 mm SL) after settlement, at which time shell growth stopped and a callus knob was formed. Batillaria multiformis in Mutsu Bay exhibited much larger shell sizes and delayed maturation compared to southern populations. Shell growth rates differed in the summers of 2014, 2015, and 2016 (+0.69, +1.11, and +4.59 mm SL 30‐d−1, respectively), corresponding to the mean sediment temperatures in August (22.8, 24.5, and 26.4°C, respectively). These results indicate that thermal conditions constitute an important determinant of annual shell growth in the northern limit population of B. multiformis. Ongoing climate change can lead to changes in life‐history traits of macroinvertebrates, including mud snails, particularly near their northern distribution limits.
Sous‐vide cooking endows a better microstructure for hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) than traditional cooking: Mechanisms of moisture migration
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Cijian , Chen Meiyu , Liu Zunying , Zeng Mingyong , Hu Yaqin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSous‐vide cooking is a highly praised method used to cook muscle foods because of its desired effect of providing better sensory properties by maintaining texture. In this study, we further explored the effect of water on texture by revealing the mechanisms of moisture migration. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) showed that the nonflowing water in sous‐vide cooking hairtail was 2.36 ± 0.33% higher than that in traditional cooking. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to clarify the law of moisture migration induced by temperature, and the moisture migration of the sous‐vide cooking hairtail was slower during the holding heating stage. The microstructure explained the change rules of the texture. The degree of change was consistent with the moisture migration level. Digitalizing analysis quantitatively verified the effect of sous‐vide cooking on the hairtail microstructure. The low moisture migration rate of sous‐vide cooking resulted in a less damaged microstructure of the hairtail, manifesting as a desirable texture.Practical ApplicationLF‐NMR and MRI showed that sous‐vide hairtails exhibited a lower moisture migration rate. The holding heating stage only slightly changed the microstructure of the hairtail. The digitalizing analysis confirmed the moisture migration mechanisms. Heat‐induced protein denaturation was closely related to the water state.
A review of movement models in open population capture–recapture
Authors: Efford Murray G. , Schofield Matthew R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding rates of survival and recruitment is critical to population management, and capture–recapture methods of estimation are widely used. Spatial models allow for a spatial detection process and can include the movement of activity centres between sampling times. Movement is often treated as a random walk with the step length governed by a probability kernel. However, the movement component of open population spatially explicit capture–recapture models (open SECR) has evolved haphazardly and comparison among studies is difficult.We review published studies, document suitable probability kernels and address the issues of scale and buffer dependence in open SECR by a combination of simulation and case studies on ovenbirdsSeiurus aurocapillaand tigersPanthera tigris.Flexible 2‐parameter kernels, such as the bivariate ‐distribution, fit better than the popular bivariate normal and resulted in higher estimates of survival. We reconcile different parameterizations of the bivariate ‐distribution and identify a problem when the kernel is defined in terms of its margins.Movement models failed to separate mortality and emigration in simulated data when the data were a random mixture of long and short movements. Our estimates of ovenbird survival were buffer‐dependent, and we interpret this as a sign that the data are inadequate for joint modelling of survival and movement. Estimates of tiger survival were more nearly asymptotic on buffer width.We repeat the warning of earlier authors that movement models are effective for separating mortality and emigration only when the data span the range of movement. We appeal for more complete and consistent reporting of movement models and identify topics for future research.
Sex‐specific incidences and risk profiles of suicide mortality in people with alcohol dependence in Taiwan
Authors: Chung An‐Nie , Su Sheng‐Siang , Tsai Shang‐Ying , Chen Chiao‐Chicy , Chen Ying‐Yeh , Kuo Chian‐Jue 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsAlcohol‐related mental health burden and suicidality impose heavy burdens on global public health. This study measured the sex‐specific incidence and risk profiles of suicide mortality in individuals with alcohol dependence in a non‐western context.DesignIn this prospective cohort study, individuals with alcohol dependence who were enrollees in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research database were followed‐up over an almost 15‐year period. Their data were linked to the national mortality registration database.SettingTaiwan.ParticipantsIn total, 278 345 patients with alcohol dependence were enrolled and followed‐up from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2016.MeasurementsWe calculated the incidence and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of suicide in the cohort and stratified the suicide methods by sex. Sex‐specific risk profiles (based on demographic characteristics and physical and psychiatric comorbidities) were generated through Cox proportional hazards regression.FindingsThe suicide rates of men and women were 173.5 and 158.9 per 100 000 person‐years, respectively (P = 0.097). The SMR of suicide mortality was more than two times higher in women than in men (6.6 versus 15.0). Women and men adopted different suicide methods. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with a time‐varying model revealed that depressive disorder was a common risk factor for suicide in both men and women [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.77‐3.31 versus aHR = 5.46, 95% CI = 4.65‐6.40]. For men, receiving a diagnosis of alcohol dependence between the ages of 25 and 44 years, being unemployed and having schizophrenia, drug‐induced mental disorder or sleep disorder were risk factors for suicide.ConclusionIn Taiwan, the incidence of suicide in patients with alcohol dependence is substantially higher than that of the general population. The standardized mortality ratio of suicide in women with alcohol dependence is more than twice that of men with alcohol dependence.
Implementation of a policy of universal cystoscopy at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Foo Xin Yu , Nugent Rachael 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundLower urinary tract injury (LUTI) is a serious complication of major gynaecologic surgery. Although intra‐operative cystoscopy can facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of LUTI, the optimal approach to cystoscopy at the time of benign hysterectomy remains debatable.AimsTo assess whether implementation of a policy of universal cystoscopy at the time of benign hysterectomy was associated with a difference in intra‐operative detection and rates of LUTI.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cohort study at a large regional teaching hospital where a policy of universal cystoscopy at the time of benign hysterectomy was implemented on 30 September 2019. Hysterectomies performed from 1 November 2016 to 31 March 2021 were included and categorised into the ‘pre‐policy’ and ‘post‐policy’ groups. Primary outcomes included the intra‐operative detection and overall rates of LUTI. Secondary outcome was the policy adherence rate. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the effect of this policy on the outcomes.ResultsThere were 584 hysterectomies identified, including 325 in the pre‐policy group and 259 in the post‐policy group. Cystoscopy was performed in 55.1% in the pre‐policy group and 97.7% in the post‐policy group (P < 0.01). Adjusted for age, indication and route of hysterectomy, there were no significant differences in the intra‐operative cystoscopic detection of LUTI (42.9% vs 25.0%, P = 0.55) or the rate of LUTI (2.2% vs 1.5%, P = 0.25) after implementation of the policy.ConclusionsThe practice of universal cystoscopy at the time of benign hysterectomy has not been associated with a significant change in the intra‐operative detection and rates of LUTI at our institution.
The microeconomics of new trade models
Authors: Alfaro Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInternational trade can increase product market competition and hence be pro‐competitive. Is this feature captured in new trade models? I study this question in a setting with firm heterogeneity à la Melitz, under any productivity distribution and standard demands (e.g., demands from an additively separable utility, linear, translog, logit). My results indicate that better export opportunities are pro‐competitive: they reduce the domestic firms' markups and induce the exit of the least productive domestic firms. But, surprisingly, tougher import competition is completely offset by a reduction in the mass of domestic incumbents, leaving the competitive environment unaffected. Thus, it does not impact the prices, quantities, or survival productivity cut‐off of domestic firms. Consistent with previous studies, I also find that a reduction in import trade costs under two large countries and two‐way trade always decreases competition. I show that this outcome can be rationalized as capturing worse export conditions exclusively.