bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse and pharmacist systemic anti‐cancer therapy review clinics and their impact on patient experience and care: A systematic review
Authors: Barrott Lisa , Wiseman Theresa , Tsianakas Vicki , Czuber‐Dochan Wladyslawa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo review the evidence of how nurse and pharmacist roles have been incorporated into the management of patients undergoing systemic anti‐cancer therapy (SACT) services and their impact on patient experience and care provision.DesignSystematic Review.Data SourcesSeven databases were searched on 10 April 2022.Review MethodsResearch studies that met defined inclusion criteria were included. Quantitative findings were converted into textual descriptions and combined with qualitative results for thematic analysis. Data were categorized and aggregated into themes. Heterogeneity of studies meant meta‐analysis was not possible.ResultsFifteen papers were included. Three main themes were identified: advanced clinical practice (ACP) SACT service development; ACP skills and qualifications; and the impact of ACP SACT services on patient care and outcomes. There is a variation in tasks undertaken by nurses and pharmacists and role integration is restricted by limited physician engagement. Role titles used and skills and qualifications acquired differ and professional autonomy is variable. Qualitative studies were limited.ConclusionEvidence of how nursing and pharmacist ACP roles are implemented, what skills are essential and how roles are impacting patient experience and outcomes is limited. More research is required to explore patient and physician experience of, and satisfaction with multi‐professional care, alongside further evaluation of clinical delivery models.
Spatial‐ and lineage‐dependent processes underpin floristic assembly in the megadiverse Eastern South American mountains
Authors: Barros‐Souza Yago , Borges Leonardo M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe astonishing diversity of ancient mountains was likely shaped by multiple evolutionary processes. However, there is an ongoing debate on what were the main processes driving the assembly of campos rupestres, the mega‐diverse flora of Eastern South American mountains. Although the ancient nature of these mountains suggests their flora should be composed by relatively older lineages, they harbour a number of recently diverged clades. To better understand the evolution of ancient mountains' floras, we tested if the campos rupestres are mainly composed by relatively old or recent communities and if angiosperm diversity is geographically structured using analyses of diversity and endemism.LocationEastern South America.Time PeriodOligocene/Miocene to the present.TaxonFlowering plants.MethodsWe used analyses of diversity and endemism for 10% of the campos rupestres flora. We obtained distribution data from online databases, and phylogenetic hypotheses from the literature. With these datasets, we estimated alpha and beta metrics of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, and conducted categorical analyses of neo‐ and palaeo‐endemism.ResultsPhylogenetic overdispersion predominates in the campos rupestres. However, this general pattern is permeated by both lineage‐ and site‐specific phylogenetic clustering, suggesting that recent diversification events depend on particular regional conditions and on the overall maintenance of old lineages. Although endemism patterns vary among different campos rupestres sites, palaeo‐endemism is widespread and particularly prominent where phylogenetic overdispersion is evident. Moreover, while phylogenetic composition indicates variable past spatial connections across different sites, taxonomic composition is highly geographically structured and seems to be influenced by the vegetation surrounding the campos rupestres and/or by abiotic conditions.Main ConclusionsOur results reinforce the idiosyncratic nature of diversification patterns in ancient mountains and suggest that old, climatically buffered, infertile montane ecosystems not only include both relatively old and recent lineages, but that recent diversification is lineage‐ and spatially‐dependent.
Non‐fitting FLIM‐FRET facilitates analysis of protein interactions in live zebrafish embryos
Authors: Auer Julia M. T , Murphy Laura C , Xiao Dong , Li David U. , Wheeler Ann P 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMolecular interactions are key to all cellular processes, and particularly interesting to investigate in the context of gene regulation. Protein–protein interactions are challenging to examine in vivo as they are dynamic, and require spatially and temporally resolved studies to interrogate them. Foerster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a highly sensitive imaging method, which can interrogate molecular interactions. FRET can be detected by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM‐FRET), which is more robust to concentration variations and photobleaching than intensity‐based FRET but typically needs long acquisition times to achieve high photon counts. New variants of non‐fitting lifetime‐based FRET perform well in samples with lower signal and require less intensive instrument calibration and analysis, making these methods ideal for probing protein–protein interactions in more complex live 3D samples. Here we show that a non‐fitting FLIM‐FRET variant, based on the Average Arrival Time of photons per pixel (AAT− FRET), is a sensitive and simple way to detect and measure protein–protein interactions in live early stage zebrafish embryos.
Implementation of COVID‐19 Preventive Measures and Staff Well‐Being in a Sample of English Schools 2020‐2021
Authors: Sundaram Neisha , Abramsky Tanya , Oswald William E , Cook Sarah , Halliday Katherine E , Nguipdop‐Djomo Patrick , Sturgess Joanna , Ireland Georgina , Ladhani Shamez N , Mangtani Punam , Langan Sinéad M , Hargreaves James R , Bonell Chris ,   COVID‐19 Schools Infection Survey Study Group
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined fidelity and feasibility of implementation of COVID‐19 preventive measures in schools, and explored associations between adherence to these measures and staff well‐being, to inform policy on sustainable implementation and staff wellbeing.METHODSSurveys were conducted across 128 schools in England with 107 headteachers and 2698 staff‐members with reference to autumn term 2020, examining school‐level implementation of preventive measures, adherence, and teacher burnout (response rates for headteacher and staff surveys were 84% and 59%, respectively).RESULTSThe median number of measures implemented in primary and secondary schools was 33 (range 23‐41), and 32 (range 22‐40), respectively; most measures presented challenges. No differences were found regarding number of measures implemented by school‐level socio‐economic disadvantage. High adherence was reported for staff wearing face‐coverings, staff regularly washing their hands, (secondary only) desks facing forwards, and (primary only) increased cleaning of surfaces and student hand‐washing. Adherence to most measures was reported as higher in primary than secondary schools. Over half of school leaders and 42% (517/1234) of other teaching staff suffered from high emotional exhaustion. Higher teacher‐reported school‐wide adherence with measures was consistently associated with lower burnout for leaders and other teaching staff.CONCLUSIONSFindings indicate a tremendous effort in implementing preventive measures and an urgent need to support investments in improving teacher wellbeing.
Cognitive strategies to improve symptoms of restless legs syndrome
Authors: Chenini Sofiene , Barateau Lucie , Guiraud Lily , Rollin Marie‐Lou , Lopez Regis , Jaussent Isabelle , Beziat Severine , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: November 2022

SummarySymptoms of restless legs syndrome are relieved by movement. Whether a cognitive task decreases sensory discomfort remains understudied. We aimed to assess the frequency of patients with restless legs syndrome who report decreased sensory discomfort during cognitive activities, and quantify this decrease during a cognitive task. Three‐hundred and fifty‐eight consecutive adults with restless legs syndrome (age 55.17 ± 14.62 years; 55.87% women; 27.65% treated) answered the question: “Does the intensity of your restless legs syndrome symptoms decrease when you perform activities other than moving your legs?” rated on a nine‐point Likert scale (from fully‐agree to totally‐disagree). A subgroup of 65 consecutive drug‐free patients underwent an 80‐min suggested immobilisation test at 20:00 hours to quantify legs discomfort on a visual analogue scale before polysomnography, including 40 patients performing a cognitive task (balloon analogue risk task) from the 60 to 80 min. A total of 130 (36.3%) patients reported a decrease, 158 (44.1%) no decrease, and 70 (19.5%) uncertain changes in severity of restless legs syndrome symptoms during cognitive activities, with a similar proportion whether treated or not. Patients experiencing a decrease had less severe restless legs syndrome symptoms. In the suggested immobilisation test, mixed‐effect regression models showed that legs discomfort decreased in patients performing the cognitive task while it continued to increase in those without task, with a larger difference in patients reporting a self‐reported decrease in restless legs syndrome during cognitive activities. In conclusion, one‐third of patients reported a self‐reported decrease of restless legs syndrome symptoms during cognitive activities, this improvement in restless legs syndrome was confirmed during a sustained cognitive task. Cognitive strategies could be implemented for the management of restless legs syndrome.
Modulation of monepantel secretion into milk by soy isoflavones
Authors: Gunes Yigit , Okyar Alper , Krajcsi Peter , Fekete Zsolt , Ustuner Oya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMonepantel (MNP), a novel anthelmintic drug from amino‐acetonitrile derivatives, is a substrate for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). BCRP‐mediated milk secretion of drugs can be altered by isoflavones. In this study, we aimed to show how soy isoflavones and BCRP inhibitors genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAI) can modulate the secretion of MNP into milk. Moreover, we observed that the expression of BCRP in the lactating mammary gland of sheep was significantly higher than in non‐lactating sheep using Western blot analysis. These properties of MNP and MNPSO2 (monepantel sulfone, the major active metabolite of MNP), identified as a BCRP substrate in determining the interaction with BCRP, were examined by vesicular transport (VT) inhibition assays. In pharmacokinetic studies, we demonstrated the transport of MNP into milk in three experimental groups: G1 fed standard forage; G2 fed soy‐enriched forage; G3 fed standard forage paired with orally administered exogenous GEN and DAI. The concentrations of MNP and MNPSO2 were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Compared to the control group (3.27 ± 1.13 vs. 5.46 ± 2.23), the AUC (0–840 h) milk/plasma ratio decreased by 40% in the soy‐enriched diet group. The concentrations of GEN and DAI were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry in soy. A VT inhibition assay was conducted to determine the IC50 values for MNP and MNPSO2 as BCRP inhibitors. This study showed that milk excretion of a BCRP substrate, such as monepantel, can be diminished by the presence of isoflavones in the diet.
Disruptive coloration and behavior facilitate camouflage of blue‐spotted cornetfish against complex coral reef bottoms
Authors: Castillo María Alejandra , Tavera Jose 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAvoiding recognition involves the use of extraordinary strategies, among which camouflage is the most common. Crypsis, a usual form of camouflage, involves, among many other strategies, disruptive coloration that uses marks that disguise the contours of creatures to hide it. Fish that live on coral reefs have developed several cryptic strategies to avoid the risk of detection. The blue‐spotted cornetfish,Fistularia commersonii, presents a pattern of dark bands that give the perception of disruptive coloration; however, this strategy has not been characterized for this fish. This study was conducted on the eastern coral reefs of Gorgona Island National Natural Park (Colombia). To confirm whetherF. commersoniipresents a disruptive pattern, photographs, and videos in situ of the individuals were taken, in addition to recording aspects of their behavior during changes in coloration. After strict selection, different images were processed and evaluated using three different visual systems (potential predator, potential prey, and human) to calculate the GabRat metric, that is detect consistent to inconsistent edges of a pattern. The images analysed and the observations indicate that this species displays a disruptive pattern that is used more frequently in the reef flat and during alert states, either in the presence of a possible predator or during the search for food.
The clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae: A profile update
Authors: Javed Muhammad Asim , Schwelm Arne , Zamani‐Noor Nazanin , Salih Rasha , Silvestre Vañó Marina , Wu Jiaxu , González García Melaine , Heick Thies Marten , Luo Chaoyu , Prakash Priyavashini , Pérez‐López Edel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodiophora brassicae is the causal agent of clubroot disease of cruciferous plants and one of the biggest threats to the rapeseed (Brassica napus) and brassica vegetable industry worldwide.Disease symptomsIn the advanced stages of clubroot disease wilting, stunting, yellowing, and redness are visible in the shoots. However, the typical symptoms of the disease are the presence of club‐shaped galls in the roots of susceptible hosts that block the absorption of water and nutrients.Host rangeMembers of the family Brassicaceae are the primary host of the pathogen, although some members of the family, such as Bunias orientalis, Coronopus squamatus, and Raphanus sativus, have been identified as being consistently resistant to P. brassicae isolates with variable virulence profile.TaxonomyClass: Phytomyxea; Order: Plasmodiophorales; Family: Plasmodiophoraceae; Genus: Plasmodiophora; Species: Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin, 1877).DistributionClubroot disease is spread worldwide, with reports from all continents except Antarctica. To date, clubroot disease has been reported in more than 80 countries.PathotypingBased on its virulence on different hosts, P. brassicae is classified into pathotypes or races. Five main pathotyping systems have been developed to understand the relationship between P. brassicae and its hosts. Nowadays, the Canadian clubroot differential is extensively used in Canada and has so far identified 36 different pathotypes based on the response of a set of 13 hosts.Effectors and resistanceAfter the identification and characterization of the clubroot pathogen SABATH‐type methyltransferase PbBSMT, several other effectors have been characterized. However, no avirulence gene is known, hindering the functional characterization of the five intercellular nucleotide‐binding (NB) site leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs) clubroot resistance genes validated to date.Important LinkCanola Council of Canada is constantly updating information about clubroot and P. brassicae as part of their Canola Encyclopedia: https://www.canolacouncil.org/canola‐encyclopedia/diseases/clubroot/.Phytosanitary categorizationPLADBR: EPPO A2 list; Annex designation 9E.
Dermatology mycology diagnostics in Ireland: National deficits identified in 2022 that are relevant internationally
Authors: Powell James , Porter Emma , Rafferty Siobhan , Field Sinead , O'Connell Nuala H. , Dunne Colum P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundConventional testing methods for dermatophytes are time‐consuming, and resource limitations in our institution have prompted curtailed access to these diagnostics.ObjectivesEvaluation of our hospital's dermatological mycology diagnostic services and similar services nationally.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study on skin, hair and nail mycology samples in our institution comparing twenty five‐year periods (2011–2015 and 2016–2021), including analysis of dermatology clinic data and correspondence related to fungal infection. A survey of national public hospitals' laboratories was conducted to evaluate their mycology testing capabilities.ResultsThe total 5 year test count prior to curtailment was 4851 specimens comprising 90% (n = 4344) from general practice and 6% (n = 290) from dermatology clinics. For the 5 years post curtailment, 64.5% (582/903) of specimens were from dermatology clinics. Dermatology clinic data demonstrated doubling of attendances (for all conditions) and of correspondence related to fungal infection. During this time also, national dermatological antifungal purchasing increased 11%. Ten of 28 Irish public hospital laboratories reported the provision of in‐house dermatological mycology testing, and none had routine availability of susceptibility or molecular testing of dermatophytes.ConclusionThis study is the first to report an appraisal of dermatological fungal diagnostic services in Ireland. Insufficient testing capacity implies that patients are either being treated for fungal infection without appropriate diagnostic confirmation, or being left untreated because of the lack of access to diagnostics. The introduction of molecular detection methods and susceptibility systems would enhance testing capabilities and reduce the requirement for the external referral.
In vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Iranian Fusarium isolates: Emphasising on the potent inhibitory effect of efinaconazole compared to other drugs
Authors: Nosratabadi Mohsen , Faeli Leila , Haghani Iman , Mohammadi Rasoul , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Kachuei Reza , Katiraee Farzad , Aghili Seyed Reza , Shokohi Tahereh , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi , Nazeri Mehdi , Javan‐Nikkhah Mohammad , Zarrinfar Hossein , Javidnia Javad , Najafzadeh Mohammad‐Javad , Salimi Maryam , M.S. Al Hatmi Abdullah , Badali Hamid , Abastabar Mahdi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundFusarium species are opportunistic human pathogens that remarkably cause fungal infections ranging from superficial to fatal invasive disseminated infections. Fusarium species are notoriously resistant to the majority of antifungal agents.ObjectivesTherefore, detailed studies regarding in vitro susceptibility are required and may lead to a better prognosis of severe infections.MethodsWe evaluated 25 antifungal drugs in vitro against 282 clinical and environmental Fusarium isolates.ResultsFusarium species demonstrated high MICs/MECs values to the most commonly used antifungal drugs in clinical practice. The geometric mean (GM) MICs for luliconazole (0.004 μg/ml) and lanoconazole (0.012 μg/ml) were the lowest, followed by efinaconazole (0.98 μg/ml) and amphotericin B (1.04 μg/ml).ConclusionsEfinaconazole, a novel triazole, may be a promising candidate for the treatment of superficial Fusarium infections. Furthermore, the development of systemic formulations of these drugs as well as further in vitro and in vivo investigations could aid in the treatment of systemic fusariosis.
Timing of scratch and limb movements during sleep in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gillow Gabrielle , Jackson Kathryn , Mukherji Janak , Buranosky Brooke , Palomo Regina , Sheldon Stephen , Fishbein Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this retrospective analysis of children with atopic dermatitis (n = 6) who coincidentally had a video polysomnography, we found that most nocturnal limb movements in children with atopic dermatitis are non‐scratch versus scratch, 109.0 ± 67.9 vs. 15.3 ± 5.4 (p = 0.01). Average scratch duration was 8.4 ± 2.7 s, which was not different by sleep stage. Scratch movements are distinct in timing, occurring most often during N2 sleep, in the first third of sleep, and peaking at 90 minutes after sleep onset, corresponding with completion of the first sleep cycle.
Sexual behaviour response, testicular development and semen quality of New Zealand white rabbit bucks as influenced by dietary chitosan
Authors: Kamal Mahmoud , Sindi Ramya A. , El‐Azzazi Fakhri E. , Kishk Waleid H. , Khalil Hassan A. , Abdel‐Khalek Ahmed M. , Ayoub Mostafa A. , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on sexual behaviour responses, testicular development, and semen quality traits of New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit bucks. Twenty‐four 5‐week‐old rabbit bucks were used in this experiment. Animals were grouped into four equal experimental groups: the control group was fed only on a basal diet, whereas the other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with three levels of chitosan at 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g/kg, respectively. Also, bucks that received chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg had a significantly earlier time of sexual libido (p ≤ .05) and had significantly higher ejaculate volume and sperm concentration than other groups (p ≤ .001). Furthermore, basic and sexual behaviours were significantly improved in bucks fed chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg compared with other groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that using chitosan at 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg enhanced sexual behaviour, improved semen quality, and reproductive efficiency in the NZW rabbit bucks.
Forks Over Knives: Predictive Inconsistency in Criminal Justice Algorithmic Risk Assessment Tools
Authors: Greene Travis , Shmueli Galit , Fell Jan , Lin Ching-Fu , Liu Han-Wei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBig data and algorithmic risk prediction tools promise to improve criminal justice systems by reducing human biases and inconsistencies in decision-making. Yet different, equally justifiable choices when developing, testing and deploying these socio-technical tools can lead to disparate predicted risk scores for the same individual. Synthesising diverse perspectives from machine learning, statistics, sociology, criminology, law, philosophy and economics, we conceptualise this phenomenon as predictive inconsistency. We describe sources of predictive inconsistency at different stages of algorithmic risk assessment tool development and deployment and consider how future technological developments may amplify predictive inconsistency. We argue, however, that in a diverse and pluralistic society we should not expect to completely eliminate predictive inconsistency. Instead, to bolster the legal, political and scientific legitimacy of algorithmic risk prediction tools, we propose identifying and documenting relevant and reasonable ‘forking paths’ to enable quantifiable, reproducible multiverse and specification curve analyses of predictive inconsistency at the individual level.