bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-organized nanoscale networks: are neuromorphic properties conserved in realistic device geometries?
Authors: Heywood Zachary , Mallinson Joshua , Galli Edoardo , Acharya Susant , Bose Saurabh , Arnold Matthew , Bones Philip , Brown Simon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Self-organised nanoscale networks are currently under investigation because of their potential to be used as novel neuromorphic computing systems. In these systems, electrical input and output signals will necessarily couple to the recurrent electrical signals within the network that provide brain-like functionality. This raises important questions as to whether practical electrode configurations and network geometries might influence the brain-like dynamics. We use the concept of criticality (which is itself a key charactistic of brain-like processing) to quantify the neuromorphic potential of the devices, and find that in most cases criticality, and therefore optimal information processing capability, is maintained. In particular we find that devices with multiple electrodes remain critical despite the concentration of current near the electrodes. We find that broad network activity is maintained because current still flows through the entire network. We also develop a formalism to allow a detailed analysis of the number of dominant paths through the network. For rectangular systems we show that the number of pathways decreases as the system size increases, which consequently causes a reduction in network activity.
Dietary Inorganic Nitrate/Nitrite Supplementation Reduces Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bock Joshua M , Hughes William E , Ueda Kenichi , Feider Andrew J , Hanada Satoshi , Casey Darren P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased cardiovascular risk due to elevated blood pressure (BP). As low levels of nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to increased BP, we determined if increasing NO bioavailability via eight weeks of supplementation with beetroot juice containing inorganic nitrate/nitrite (4.03 mmol nitrate, 0.29 mmol nitrite) improves peripheral and central BP relative to nitrate/nitrite-depleted beetroot juice.

METHODS
Peripheral and central BP were assessed at heart-level in supine subjects using a brachial artery catheter and applanation tonometry, respectively.

RESULTS
Nitrate/nitrite supplementation reduced peripheral systolic BP (148 ± 16 to 142 ± 18 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.05) but not placebo (150 ± 19 to 149 ± 17 mm Hg, P = 0.93); however, diastolic BP was unaffected (supplement-by-time P = 0.08). Central systolic BP (131 ± 16 to 127 ± 17 mm Hg) and augmented pressure (13.3 ± 6.6 to 11.6 ± 6.9 mm Hg, both P &lt; 0.05) were reduced after nitrate/nitrite, but not placebo (134 ± 17 to 135 ± 16 mm Hg, P = 0.62; 14.1 ± 6.6 to 15.2 ± 7.4 mm Hg, P = 0.20); central diastolic BP was unchanged by the interventions (supplement-by-time P = 0.16). Inorganic nitrate/nitrite also reduced AIx (24.3 ± 9.9% to 21.0 ± 9.6%) whereas no changes were observed following placebo (24.6 ± 9.3% to 25.6 ± 9.9%, P = 0.46).

CONCLUSIONS
Inorganic nitrate/nitrite supplementation improves peripheral and central BP as well as AIx in T2DM.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
Trial Number NCT02804932.
Vagueness and Kataleptic Impressions
Authors: Vogt Katja Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Stoics’ theory of kataleptic impressions looks different once we attend to their analysis of the Sorites paradox. In defending this view, I reject the long-standing assumption that the Stoics develop their theory by focusing on sensory impressions. The Stoic approach to vagueness shows, for example, that non-sensory impressions can be seemingly indistinguishable by belonging to a series. It also draws attention to an understudied dimension of Stoic theory: in aiming to assent only to kataleptic impressions, one aims to avoid not only assent to false impressions but also assent to those that are neither true nor false.
STracking: a free and open-source Python library for particle tracking and analysis
Authors: Prigent Sylvain , Valades-Cruz Cesar Augusto , Leconte Ludovic , Salamero Jean , Kervrann Charles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSummaryAnalysis of intra- and extracellular dynamic like vesicles transport involves particle tracking algorithms. The design of a particle tracking pipeline is a routine but tedious task. Therefore, particle dynamics analysis is often performed by combining several pieces of software (filtering, detection, tracking, etc.) requiring many manual operations, and thus leading to poorly reproducible results. Given the new segmentation tools based on deep learning, modularity and interoperability between software have become essential in particle tracking algorithms. A good synergy between a particle detector and a tracker is of paramount importance. In addition, a user-friendly interface to control the quality of estimated trajectories is necessary. To address these issues, we developed STracking, a Python library that allows combining algorithms into standardized particle tracking pipelines.Availability and implementationSTracking is available as a Python library using ‘pip install’ and the source code is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/sylvainprigent/stracking). A graphical interface is available using two napari plugins: napari-stracking and napari-tracks-reader. These napari plugins can be installed via the napari plugins menu or using ‘pip install’. The napari plugin source codes are available on GitHub (https://github.com/sylvainprigent/napari-tracks-reader, https://github.com/sylvainprigent/napari-stracking).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2- and estradiol-17β-induced changes in ovarian transcriptome during primordial follicle formation
Authors: Chakraborty Prabuddha , Anderson Rebecca L , Roy Shyamal K 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Estradiol-17β has been shown to promote primordial follicle formation and to involve bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) as a downstream effector to promote primordial follicle in hamsters. However, the molecular mechanism whereby these factors regulate ovarian somatic cells to pre-granulosa cells transition leading to primordial follicle formation remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether BMP2 and/or estradiol-17β would regulate the expression of specific ovarian transcriptome during pre-granulosa cells transition and primordial follicle formation in the mouse ovary. BMP2 mRNA level increased during the period of primordial follicle formation with the concurrent presence of BMP2 protein in ovarian somatic cells. Estradiol-17β but not BMP2 exposure led to increased expression of ovarian BMP2 messenger RNA (mRNA), and the effect of estradiol-17β could not be suppressed by 4-[6-[4-(1-Piperazinyl)phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline dihydrochloride (LDN) 193189. BMP2 or estradiol-17β stimulated primordial follicle formation without inducing apoptosis. Ribonucleic acid-sequence analysis (RNA-seq) of ovaries exposed to exogenous BMP2 or estradiol-17β revealed differential expression of several thousand genes. Most of the differentially expressed genes, which were common between BMP2 or estradiol-17β treatment demonstrated concordant changes, suggesting that estradiol-17β and BMP2 affected the same set of genes during primordial follicle formation. Further, we have identified that estradiol-17β, in cooperation with BMP2, could affect the expression of three major transcription factors, GATA binding protein 2, GATA binding protein 4 and Early growth response 2, and one serine protease, hepsin, in pre-granulosa cells during primordial follicle formation. Taken together, results of this study suggest that estradiol-17β and BMP2 may regulate ovarian gene expression that promote somatic cells to pre-granulosa cells transition and primordial follicle formation in the mouse ovary.
Intraoperative microseizure detection using a high-density micro-electrocorticography electrode array
Authors: Sun James , Barth Katrina , Qiao Shaoyu , Chiang Chia-Han , Wang Charles , Rahimpour Shervin , Trumpis Michael , Duraivel Suseendrakumar , Dubey Agrita , Wingel Katie E. , Rachinskiy Iakov , Voinas Alex E. , Ferrentino Breonna , Southwell Derek G. , Haglund Michael M. , Friedman Allan H. , Lad Shivanand P. , Doyle Werner K. , Solzbacher Florian , Cogan Gregory , Sinha Saurabh R. , Devore Sasha , Devinsky Orrin , Friedman Daniel , Pesaran Bijan , Viventi Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne-third of epilepsy patients suffer from medication-resistant seizures. While surgery to remove epileptogenic tissue helps some patients, 30–70% of patients continue to experience seizures following resection. Surgical outcomes may be improved with more accurate localization of epileptogenic tissue. We have previously developed novel thin-film, subdural electrode arrays with hundreds of microelectrodes over a 100–1000 mm2 area to enable high-resolution mapping of neural activity. Here, we used these high-density arrays to study microscale properties of human epileptiform activity. We performed intraoperative micro-electrocorticographic recordings in nine patients with epilepsy. In addition, we recorded from four patients with movement disorders undergoing deep brain stimulator implantation as non-epileptic controls. A board-certified epileptologist identified microseizures, which resembled electrographic seizures normally observed with clinical macroelectrodes. Recordings in epileptic patients had a significantly higher microseizure rate (2.01 events/min) than recordings in non-epileptic subjects (0.01 events/min; permutation test, P = 0.0068). Using spatial averaging to simulate recordings from larger electrode contacts, we found that the number of detected microseizures decreased rapidly with increasing contact diameter and decreasing contact density. In cases in which microseizures were spatially distributed across multiple channels, the approximate onset region was identified. Our results suggest that micro-electrocorticographic electrode arrays with a high density of contacts and large coverage are essential for capturing microseizures in epilepsy patients and may be beneficial for localizing epileptogenic tissue to plan surgery or target brain stimulation.
A connectivity model of the anatomic substrates underlying Gerstmann syndrome
Authors: Shahab Qazi S. , Young Isabella M. , Dadario Nicholas B. , Tanglay Onur , Nicholas Peter J. , Lin Yueh-Hsin , Fonseka R. Dineth , Yeung Jacky T. , Bai Michael Y. , Teo Charles , Doyen Stephane , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Gerstmann syndrome is a constellation of neurological deficits that include agraphia, acalculia, left–right discrimination and finger agnosia. Despite a growing interest in this clinical phenomenon, there remains controversy regarding the specific neuroanatomic substrates involved. Advancements in data-driven, computational modelling provides an opportunity to create a unified cortical model with greater anatomic precision based on underlying structural and functional connectivity across complex cognitive domains. A literature search was conducted for healthy task-based functional MRI and PET studies for the four cognitive domains underlying Gerstmann’s tetrad using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and BrainMap Sleuth (2.4). Coordinate-based, meta-analytic software was utilized to gather relevant regions of interest from included studies to create an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) map for each cognitive domain. Machine-learning was used to match activated regions of the ALE to the corresponding parcel from the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Diffusion spectrum imaging-based tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity between relevant parcels in each domain on 51 healthy subjects from the HCP database. Ultimately 102 functional MRI studies met our inclusion criteria. A frontoparietal network was found to be involved in the four cognitive domains: calculation, writing, finger gnosis, and left–right orientation. There were three parcels in the left hemisphere, where the ALE of at least three cognitive domains were found to be overlapping, specifically the anterior intraparietal area, area 7 postcentral (7PC) and the medial intraparietal sulcus. These parcels surround the anteromedial portion of the intraparietal sulcus. Area 7PC was found to be involved in all four domains. These regions were extensively connected in the intraparietal sulcus, as well as with a number of surrounding large-scale brain networks involved in higher-order functions. We present a tractographic model of the four neural networks involved in the functions which are impaired in Gerstmann syndrome. We identified a ‘Gerstmann Core’ of extensively connected functional regions where at least three of the four networks overlap. These results provide clinically actionable and precise anatomic information which may help guide clinical translation in this region, such as during resective brain surgery in or near the intraparietal sulcus, and provides an empiric basis for future study.
Effectiveness of Heterologous Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Booster Dosing in Brazilian Healthcare Workers, 2021
Authors: Marra Alexandre R , Miraglia João Luiz , Malheiros Daniel Tavares , Guozhang Yang , Teich Vanessa Damazio , da Silva Victor Elivane , Rebello Pinho João Renato , Cypriano Adriana , Vieira Laura Wanderly , Polonio Miria , Ornelas Rafael Herrera , de Oliveira Solange Miranda , Borges Junior Flavio Araujo , Oler Silvia Cristina Cassiano , Schettino Guilherme de Paula Pinto , de Oliveira Ketti Gleyzer , Ferraz Santana Rúbia Anita , de Mello Malta Fernanda , Amgarten Deyvid , Boechat Ana Laura , Trecenti Noelly Maria Zimpel , Kobayashi Takaaki , Salinas Jorge L , Edmond Michael B , Rizzo Luiz Vicente 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Little is currently known about vaccine effectiveness (VE) for either 2 doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1) viral vector vaccine or CoronaVac (Instituto Butantan) inactivated viral vaccine followed by a third dose of mRNA vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study among HCWs (aged ≥18 years) working in a private healthcare system in Brazil from January to December 2021. VE was defined as 1 – incidence rate ratio (IRR), with IRR determined using Poisson models with the occurrence of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection as the outcome, adjusting for age, sex, and job type. We compared those receiving viral vector or inactivated viral primary series (2 doses) with those who received an mRNA booster.

Results
A total of 11 427 HCWs met the inclusion criteria. COVID-19 was confirmed in 31.5% of HCWs receiving 2 doses of CoronaVac vaccine versus 0.9% of HCWs receiving 2 doses of CoronaVac vaccine with mRNA booster (P &lt; .001) and 9.8% of HCWs receiving 2 doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine versus 1% among HCWs receiving 2 doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine with mRNA booster (P &lt; .001). In the adjusted analyses, the estimated VE was 92.0% for 2 CoronaVac vaccines plus mRNA booster and 60.2% for 2 ChAdOx1 vaccines plus mRNA booster, when compared with those with no mRNA booster. Of 246 samples screened for mutations, 191 (77.6%) were Delta variants.

Conclusions
While 2 doses of ChAdOx1 or CoronaVac vaccines prevent COVID-19, the addition of a Pfizer/BioNTech booster provided significantly more protection.
Lead complications after cardiac surgery in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Frausing Maria Hee Jung Park , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Johansen Jens Brock , Jørgensen Ole Dan , Kristensen Jens , Olsen Thomas , Gerdes Christian , Kronborg Mads Brix 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Manipulation of the heart during cardiac surgery in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) may result in lead damage or displacement, but whether cardiac surgery truly infers an excess risk of lead failure is not known. The objective of this study was to examine the risk of lead complications after cardiac surgery in patients with CIEDs.

METHODS
We conducted a nationwide nested case–control study. The source population comprised all Danish patients ≥18 of age who underwent a de novo CIED implantation during 1998–2017. For inclusion, patients had to be alive and event free 6 months after implantation. Cases were matched 1:30 to controls on time, age, sex, and device type using risk set sampling. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the association between cardiac surgery and lead-related reoperation.

RESULTS
Our final population consisted of 67 621 patients. We identified 1437 (2.1%) incident cases of lead-related reoperations and 42 698 controls. Risk of lead complications was highest within 6 months of cardiac surgery [IRR 9.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.3–14.8, adjusted IRR 9.6, 95% CI 6.2–14.7], and at 1 year, the relative risk of lead-related reoperation was close to unity (adjusted IRR 1.2, 95% CI 0.8–1.7).

CONCLUSIONS
Cardiac surgery was associated with a considerable risk of lead complications in patients with de novo CIEDs.
Evolved resistance to a novel cationic peptide antibiotic requires high mutation supply
Authors: Santos-Lopez Alfonso , Fritz Melissa J , Lombardo Jeffrey B , Burr Ansen H P , Heinrich Victoria A , Marshall Christopher W , Cooper Vaughn S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
A key strategy for resolving the antibiotic resistance crisis is the development of new drugs with antimicrobial properties. The engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 (also known as PLG0206) is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound that has completed Phase I clinical studies. It has activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including infections associated with biofilm. No definitive mechanisms of resistance to WLBU2 have been identified.

Methodology
Here, we used experimental evolution under different levels of mutation supply and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect the genetic pathways and probable mechanisms of resistance to this peptide. We propagated populations of wild-type and hypermutator Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of WLBU2 and performed WGS of evolved populations and clones.

Results
Populations that survived WLBU2 treatment acquired a minimum of two mutations, making the acquisition of resistance more difficult than for most antibiotics, which can be tolerated by mutation of a single target. Major targets of resistance to WLBU2 included the orfN and pmrB genes, previously described to confer resistance to other cationic peptides. More surprisingly, mutations that increase aggregation such as the wsp pathway were also selected despite the ability of WLBU2 to kill cells growing in a biofilm.

Conclusions and implications
The results show how experimental evolution and WGS can identify genetic targets and actions of new antimicrobial compounds and predict pathways to resistance of new antibiotics in clinical practice.
Polygenic discrimination of migratory phenotypes in an estuarine forage fish
Authors: Campbell Matthew A , Joslin Shannon E K , Goodbla Alisha M , Willmes Malte , Hobbs James A , Lewis Levi S , Finger Amanda J 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Migration is a complex phenotypic trait with some species containing migratory and nonmigratory individuals. Such life history variation may be attributed in part to plasticity, epigenetics, or genetics. Although considered semianadromous, recent studies using otolith geochemistry have revealed life history variation within the critically endangered Delta Smelt. Broadly categorizable as migratory or freshwater residents, we examined Restriction site Associated DNA sequencing data to test for a relationship between genetic variation and migratory behaviors. As previously shown, we found no evidence for neutral population genetic structure within Delta Smelt; however, we found significant evidence for associations between genetic variants and life history phenotypes. Furthermore, discriminant analysis of principal components, hierarchical clustering, and machine learning resulted in accurate assignment of fish into the freshwater resident or migratory classes based on their genotypes. These results suggest the presence of adaptive genetic variants relating to life history variation within a panmictic population. Mechanisms that may lead to this observation are genotype dependent habitat choice and spatially variable selection, both of which could operate each generation and are not exclusive. Given that the population of cultured Delta Smelt are being used as a refugial population for conservation, as a supply for wild population supplementation, and currently represent the majority of all living individuals of this species, we recommend that the hatchery management strategy consider the frequencies of life history-associated alleles and how to maintain this important aspect of Delta Smelt biological variation while under captive propagation.
Diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of splenic lesions: systematic review with pooled analysis
Authors: Lisotti Andrea , Crinò Stefano Francesco , Mangiavillano Benedetto , Cominardi Anna , Ofosu Andrew , Brighi Nicole , Metelli Flavio , Zagari Rocco Maurizio , Facciorusso Antonio , Fusaroli Pietro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Focal splenic lesions are usually incidentally discovered on radiological assessments. Although percutaneous tissue acquisition (TA) under trans-abdominal ultrasound guidance is a well-established technique for obtaining cyto-histological diagnosis of focal splenic lesions, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided TA has been described in several studies, reporting different safety and outcomes. The aim was to assess the pooled safety, adequacy, and accuracy of EUS-TA of splenic lesions.

Methods
A comprehensive review of available evidence was conducted at the end of November 2021. All studies including more than five patients and reporting about the safety, adequacy, and accuracy of EUS-TA of the spleen were included.

Results
Six studies (62 patients) were identified; all studies have been conducted using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) needles. Pooled specimen adequacy and accuracy of EUS-TA for spleen characterization were 92.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 86.3%–99.3%] and 88.2% (95% CI, 79.3%–97.1%), respectively. The pooled incidence of adverse events (six studies, 62 patients) was 4.7% (95% CI, 0.4%–9.7%).

Conclusion
EUS-FNA of the spleen is a safe technique with high diagnostic adequacy and accuracy. The EUS-guided approach could be considered a valid alternative to the percutaneous approach for spleen TA.