bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B4GALT5 high expression associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Han Yang , Li Zhe , Wu Qi , Liu Hui , Sun Zhiqiang , Wu Yong , Luo Judong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundB4GALT5 is postulated to be an important protein in sugar metabolism that catalyzes the synthesis of lactosylceramide (LacCer). However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown.MethodWe characterized the expression of B4GALT5 in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue, and explored its function of B4GALT5 in HCC by enrichment analysis based on its co-expressed gene set. Next, we checked whether B4GALT5 expression is correlated to immune infiltration level and clinical prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, we verified the expression of B4GALT5 using clinical samples evaluated by RT-PCR, and conducted in vitro experiments with B4GALT5-knockdown HCC cells to investigate the function of B4GALT5 in the HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.ResultsWe found B4GALT5 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly high in HCC tissue compared to normal tissue. The enrichment analysis of the gene sets that co-expressed with B4GALT5 showed specificity in HCC-related pathways and functions. Also, the expression pattern of B4GALT5 was significantly related to the immune infiltration level, especially CD4+ T cell and macrophage cells. B4GALT5 higher mRNA expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Furthermore,In vitroexperiments showed that depletion of B4GALT5 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. This study revealed the function and its mediated pathways of B4GALT5 in HCC, indicating that B4GALT5 may serve as a prognostic biomarker of HCC.
Effect of neoadjuvant iodine-125 brachytherapy upon resection of glioma
Authors: Wang Congxiao , Liu Chao , Chen Jun , Jiang Han , Zhang Wei , Yang Lili , Li Xueda , Li Zixiang , Peng Lijing , Hu Xiaokun , Sun Peng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
A more extensive surgical resection of glioma contributes to improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). However, some patients miss the chance of surgical resection when the tumor involves critical structures.

Purpose
The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of neoadjuvant 125I brachytherapy followed by total gross resection for initially inoperable glioma.

Methods
Six patients diagnosed with inoperable glioma due to invasion of eloquent areas, bihemispheric diffusion, or large tumor volume received 125I brachytherapy. Surgical resection was performed when the tumor shrank, allowing a safe resection, assessed by the neurosurgeons. Patients were followed up after surgery.

Results
Shrinkage of the tumor after adjuvant 125I brachytherapy enabled a total gross resection of all six patients. Four patients were still alive at the last follow-up, with the longest survival time of more than 50 months, two of which returned to everyday life with a KPS of 100. Another two patients had neurological injuries with KPSs of 80 and 50, respectively. One patient with grade II glioma died 34 months, and another with grade IV glioma died 40 months after the combined therapy.

Conclusions
In the present study, the results demonstrated that 125I brachytherapy enabled a complete resection of patients with initially unresectable gliomas. 125I brachytherapy may offer a proper neoadjuvant therapy method for glioma.
Increased circulating innate lymphoid cell (ILC)1 and decreased circulating ILC3 are involved in the pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Authors: Zhang Lili , Lin Qiang , Jiang Lijun , Wu Mingfu , Huang Linlin , Quan Wei , Li Xiaozhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) dysfunction is involved in numerous immune diseases, but this has not been demonstrated in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). This study aimed to investigate whether ILC dysfunction or imbalance participate in the pathogenesis of HSP.

Methods
This was a prospective study in patients with HSP who were hospitalized at the Children’s Hospital of Soochow University from June to December 2019. Age- and sex-matched controls were also enrolled. ILC subsets and lymphocyte subpopulations were determined by flow cytometry. The transmission immune turbidimetric method also facilitated the exploration of correlations between ILC subset frequency and lymphocyte subpopulation, as well as serum IgA in HSP patients.

Results
Fifty-one patients with HSP and 22 control patients were included. There were no differences in age and sex between the two groups. Compared with controls, patients with HSP had higher ILCs in relation to lymphocytes (P = 0.036), higher ILCs in relation to PBMCs (P = 0.026), higher ILC1s (P < 0.001), lower ILC3s (P < 0.05), and higher ILC1/ILC3 ratio (P < 0.001). Sixteen patients underwent routine therapy combined with methylprednisolone for 7–10 days; ILC1s were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and ILC3s were increased (P = 0.033), and ILC1/ILC3 was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Compared with the controls, the ratios of ILCs/lymphocytes and ILCs/PBMC were higher in patients in the arthritis and mixed groups (all P < 0.05). ILC1 were elevated in the purpura, arthritis, abdominal, and mixed groups (P = 0.027, P = 0.007, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). ILC1/ILCs were positively correlated with CD3 + CD8 + T lymphocytes (r = 0.3701, P = 0.0075). The level of IgA did not correlate with ILCs.

Conclusions
Higher circulating ILC1s and lower circulating ILC3s appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of HSP.
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Parent Form: Dutch norms and validity
Authors: Theunissen Meinou H. C. , de Wolff Marianne S. , Eekhout Iris , Mieloo Cathelijne L. , Stone Lisanne L. , Reijneveld Sijmen A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study provides Dutch national norms for the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for children aged 3-14 years, and assesses the test performance of the SDQ Total Difficulties Scale (TDS) and impairment Scale. We further compared Dutch SDQ norms with those of the United Kingdom (UK), to determine potential variation in country-specific norms.

Study design
We analyzed data of 3384 children aged 3 to 14 years. The data were obtained in schools, and in the context of Preventive Child Healthcare. Parents completed the SDQ parent form and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We determined clinical (10% elevated scores) and borderline (20% elevated scores) SDQ TDS norms. We assessed the test performance (validity) of the SDQ TDS and Impairment Score using the CBCL as criterion.

Results
The clinical SDQ TDS norms varied between > 10 and > 14 depending on the age group. The SDQ TDS discriminated between children with and without problems, as measured by the CBCL, for all age groups (AUCs varied from 0.92 to 0.96). The SDQ Impairment Score had added value (beyond the SDQ TDS) only for the age group 12-14 years. For the Netherlands we found lower clinical SDQ TDS norms than those previously reported for the UK (i.e. > 16).

Conclusion
The clinical SDQ TDS norms varied between > 10 and > 14 depending on the age groups. We found good test performance at these proposed norms. Dutch norms differed somewhat from UK norms. In the Netherlands, the SDQ performed better with Dutch-specific norms than with UK-specific norms.
Gamblers’ perceptions of responsibility for gambling harm: a critical qualitative inquiry
Authors: Marko Sarah , Thomas Samantha L. , Robinson Kim , Daube Mike 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Gambling has traditionally been conceptualised as an issue of addiction and personal responsibility. While there are now clear public health models that recognise that gambling harm is caused by a range of socio-cultural, environmental, commercial and political determinants, government and industry messages about gambling are still largely personal responsibility focused. Given the well-recognised issues associated with personal responsibility paradigms, this study sought to understand how gamblers themselves conceptualised responsibility for gambling harm.

Methods
A qualitatively led online panel survey was conducted with 363 adult gamblers in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Participants were asked to respond to what they thought were the causes of gambling harm, and what could be done to prevent harm. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted.

Results
Six common tropes were constructed from gamblers’ responses: (1) Gambling in moderation; (2) Personal responsibility for rational behaviour; (3) Character flaws; (4) Personal responsibility to seek help; (5) More education is needed; and (6) Governments are responsible for action – but motivation and efficacy are questioned. Gamblers primarily understood gambling harm as being a matter of personal responsibility, and government responsibility was generally seen as limited to providing information to facilitate informed gambling choices.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that gamblers’ perceptions of gambling harm are similar to the personal responsibility framings and tropes present in industry and government messaging strategies. Refocusing public communication strategies away from ‘responsible gambling’ messaging, and towards evidence-based approaches, will be an important part of addressing the harms associated with gambling.
Can chatbots help to motivate smoking cessation? A study on the effectiveness of motivational interviewing on engagement and therapeutic alliance
Authors: He Linwei , Basar Erkan , Wiers Reinout W. , Antheunis Marjolijn L. , Krahmer Emiel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking poses a major threat to public health. While cessation support provided by healthcare professionals is effective, its use remains low. Chatbots have the potential to serve as a useful addition. The objective of this study is to explore the possibility of using a motivational interviewing style chatbot to enhance engagement, therapeutic alliance, and perceived empathy in the context of smoking cessation.MethodsA preregistered web-based experiment was conducted in which smokers (n = 153) were randomly assigned to either the motivational interviewing (MI)-style chatbot condition (n = 78) or the neutral chatbot condition (n = 75) and interacted with the chatbot in two sessions. In the assessment session, typical intake questions in smoking cessation interventions were administered by the chatbot, such as smoking history, nicotine dependence level, and intention to quit. In the feedback session, the chatbot provided personalized normative feedback and discussed with participants potential reasons to quit. Engagement with the chatbot, therapeutic alliance, and perceived empathy were the primary outcomes and were assessed after both sessions. Secondary outcomes were motivation to quit and perceived communication competence and were assessed after the two sessions.ResultsNo significant effects of the experimental manipulation (MI-style or neutral chatbot) were found on engagement, therapeutic alliance, or perceived empathy. A significant increase in therapeutic alliance over two sessions emerged in both conditions, with participants reporting significantly increased motivation to quit. The chatbot was perceived as highly competent, and communication competence was positively associated with engagement, therapeutic alliance, and perceived empathy.ConclusionThe results of this preregistered study suggest that talking with a chatbot about smoking cessation can help to motivate smokers to quit and that the effect of conversation has the potential to build up over time. We did not find support for an extra motivating effect of the MI-style chatbot, for which we discuss possible reasons. These findings highlight the promise of using chatbots to motivate smoking cessation. Implications for future research are discussed.
Discordance between perceived risk and actual risky sexual behaviors among undergraduate university students in mainland China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Yusi , Fu Guochen , Chen Yifan , Wu Lei , Pan Mingliang , Yang Yuli , Chen Zhuo , Cao Yu , Li Yong , Wang Hao , Wang Bixiang , Lv Chengcheng , Du Ruyi , Xiong Yanting , Liu Wei , Xu Nuo , Xia Xiaobao , Li Qianqian , Ruan Fang , Wang Junfang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care services might be hampered by inaccurate risk assessment. This study aimed to investigate the extent of and factors associated with the discordance between perceived risk and actual risky sexual behaviors among undergraduates in mainland China, guided by the Anderson's behavioral model.

Methods
This study involved a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected during the fall semester of 2018–2019 academic year. The present analysis was restricted to 8808 undergraduates with low risk perception. Those who had low perceived risk but actually engaged in risky sexual behaviors were categorized as risk discordance (RD). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with RD.

Results
Overall, the discordance rate between perceived and actual risk was 8.5% (95% CI: 7.9%-9.1%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that non-heterosexual women (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI:0.27–0.60), heterosexual men (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI:0.33–0.61) and women (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI:0.19–0.35) were less likely to exhibit RD, when compared with non- heterosexual men. Furthermore, non-freshmen (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI:1.30–1.90), early initiators of sexual intercourse (AOR = 5.82, 95% CI:4.10–8.26), and those who had lower levels of HIV knowledge (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI:1.08–1.51), displayed higher levels of stigma against PLHIV (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI:1.26–1.77) and had ever been tested for HIV (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI:1.04–1.77) were more prone to reporting RD. Those with more enabling resources [i.e., displaying high levels of condom use self-efficacy (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI:0.59–0.84) and being knowledge of local testing center (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI:0.60–0.83)] were less likely to report RD. However, spending more than 2000 Yuan a month on basic needs (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI:2.07–3.14), residing in urban areas (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI:1.15–1.59) and being knowledgeable of the national AIDS policy (AOR = 1.40,95% CI:1.18–1.66) increased the chance of exhibiting RD.

Conclusions
Comprehensive interventions, including targeting students with high-risk characteristics, improving the acceptability of PrEP and PEP, conducting health education, enhancing self-efficacy for using condoms and making opt-out HIV testing routine in college campus, should be taken to reduce the discordance between perceived and actual HIV risk and finally to reach the goal of Zero AIDS.
Inequalities in childhood stunting: evidence from Sudan multiple indicator cluster surveys (2010–2014)
Authors: Wogderes Bashaw , Shibre Gebretsadik , Zegeye Betregiorgis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Leaving no one behind has been an important marker of the Sustainable Development Goals. Closing the gap in malnutrition between children of different backgrounds aligns well with the tenet of this international agenda. To this end, high-quality evidence of the magnitude and trends of socioeconomic and geographic related existing inequalities in the childhood stunting among Sudanese children emanate from this study help for policy maker and planners to design and implement effective interventions to narrow down inequality.

Methods
We used the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) for our analysis of stunting inequality. Following standard equity analysis methods recommended by the WHO, we performed the disaggregated analysis of stunting across five equity stratifiers: Wealth, education, residence, sex, and sub-national regions. Then, we summarized stunting inequality through four measures of inequality: Difference, Ratio, Slope Index of Inequality (SII), and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). The point estimates of stunting were accompanied by 95% confidence intervals to measure the statistical significance of the findings.

Results
In this study, the national average childhood stunting prevalence was increased by 4% from 2010 to 2014. The findings revealed stark inequalities in stunting in all the studied dimensions of inequality. Huge inequality has existed along the wealth quintiles. Simple difference measure for education was increased by four points and simple relative measure decreased by one point for economic status.

Conclusions
Sex, residence and, geographically related inequalities remain unchanged over time, while economic status and educational inequality had seen a change by some inequality measures over the same time period.
Cross-cultural translation and psychometric properties of the Persian version Manchester respiratory activities of daily living questionnaire (MRADLQ-P)
Authors: Eisapareh Kumars , Nazari Mahin , Mokarami Hamidreza 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The present study was an attempt to investigate cross-cultural adaptability and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Manchester respiratory activities of daily living questionnaire ((MRADLQ-P).

Patients and methods
In a cross-sectional study, we selected 260 patients with severe respiratory diseases who needed to be admitted to the respiratory wards of this city hospital. The process of cultural localization of the questionnaire was performed based on a standard and valid process. Psychometric properties of the instrument were confirmed based on face and content validity assessments, convergent validity, discriminative validity and internal consistency. Data collected by demographic questionnaire, MRADL questionnaire and work ability index. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Spearman correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and Mann–Whitney test.

Results
The mean age of participants was 48.8 ± 20.1 years. 176 (71.5%) were male. face content validity including content validity index (CVI) was 0.82 and content validity ratio and it was good. The questionnaire was measured at the same time as the work ability index, which Mann–Whitney test showed that the questionnaire has good differential power. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.9 indicates a very good reliability of the questionnaire.

Conclusion
The results show that intercultural psychometrics of MRADL questionnaire has good validity, reliability, and differential power that can be a good tool for use in future studies. Also, the translation of this checklist included translation into the target language, backward translation of the Persian versions into the original language, and comparisons and ambiguities to obtain a final and acceptable version.
Dapagliflozin, sildenafil and their combination in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Tang Yi , Tan Siyuan , Li Minqi , Tang Yijin , Xu Xiaoping , Zhang Qinghai , Fu Qinghua , Tang Mingxiang , He Jin , Zhang Yi , Zheng Zhaofen , Peng Jianqiang , Zhu Tengteng , Xie Wenlin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), can reduce cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with heart failure. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dapagliflozin can improve pulmonary vascular remodelling and the efficacy of dapagliflozin as an add-on therapy to sildenafil in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods
A monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model was used in our study. MCT-injected rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated for 3 weeks with daily per os treatment with vehicle, dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day), sildenafil (25 mg/kg/day), or a combination of dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) and sildenafil (25 mg/kg/day). Haemodynamic measurements, histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting analysis were employed to detect the changes in PAH rats after treatments.

Results
Dapagliflozin significantly attenuated MCT-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in PAH rats. Dapagliflozin effectively decreased the thickening of pulmonary artery media and decreased the muscularization of pulmonary arterioles in PAH rats. Moreover, dapagliflozin attenuated nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in lung tissues and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in plasma. However, dapagliflozin as an add-on therapy to sildenafil in rats with PAH did not show a more pronounced beneficial effect on right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular remodelling in MCT rats than sildenafil alone.

Conclusions
Dapagliflozin reduces right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular remodelling in a rat model of PAH. However, combination therapy with dapagliflozin and sildenafil was not more effective than monotherapy with sildenafil in PAH rats.
Biological distinction between grades 2 and 3 with respect to intravesical recurrence in T1 high-grade bladder tumors: a retrospective study
Authors: Yamamoto Akinaru , Kawashima Atsunari , Uemura Toshihiro , Yamamichi Gaku , Tomiyama Eisuke , Koh Yoko , Matsushita Makoto , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Uemura Motohide , Nonomura Norio 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The pathological grading system for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is based on the WHO 2004/2016 classification system (low-grade: LG/high-grade: HG) and the WHO 1973 classification system (Grade 1: G1/Grade 2: G2/Grade 3: G3). Recently, the usefulness of combining both systems and classifying the tumors as LG/G1, LG/G2, HG/G2, and HG/G3 has been demonstrated. In this study, we compared the prognosis of intravesical recurrence in relation to different treatment intensities between HG/G2 and HG/G3 bladder cancers.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and therapeutic outcomes of 145 patients diagnosed with T1 HG bladder cancer between 2000 and 2020. We classified 145 patients into three groups: (1) patients with T1 HG/G2 and HG/G3 who received intravesical instillation therapy (n = 76), (2) patients with T1 HG/G2 who did not receive intravesical instillation therapy (n = 32), and (3) patients with T1 HG/G3 who did not receive intravesical instillation therapy (n = 37).

Results
The median intravesical recurrence-free survival for all patients was 34.2 months. The number of tumors, the presence of intravesical instillation therapy, and tumor grade were significant prognostic factors for intravesical recurrence in all cases. Groups 2 and 3 showed significantly worse prognosis than group 1 in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Regarding intravesical recurrence, intravesical instillation therapy is necessary for both T1 HG/G3 and T1 HG/G2 bladder cancers.