bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of a volume-regulated heteromeric LRRC8A/C channel
Authors: Rutz Sonja , Deneka Dawid , Dittmann Antje , Sawicka Marta , Dutzler Raimund 
Published: December 2022

AbstractVolume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) participate in the cellular response to osmotic swelling. These membrane proteins consist of heteromeric assemblies of LRRC8 subunits, whose compositions determine permeation properties. Although structures of the obligatory LRRC8A, also referred to as SWELL1, have previously defined the architecture of VRACs, the organization of heteromeric channels has remained elusive. Here we have addressed this question by the structural characterization of murine LRRC8A/C channels. Like LRRC8A, these proteins assemble as hexamers. Despite 12 possible arrangements, we find a predominant organization with an A:C ratio of two. In this assembly, four LRRC8A subunits cluster in their preferred conformation observed in homomers, as pairs of closely interacting proteins that stabilize a closed state of the channel. In contrast, the two interacting LRRC8C subunits show a larger flexibility, underlining their role in the destabilization of the tightly packed A subunits, thereby enhancing the activation properties of the protein.
A data set of global river networks and corresponding water resources zones divisions v2
Authors: Yan Denghua , Li Chenhao , Zhang Xin , Wang Jianwei , Feng Jianming , Dong Biqiong , Fan Jingjing , Wang Kun , Zhang Cheng , Wang Hao , Zhang Jianyun , Qin Tianling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe scale and topological relationship of river networks (RN) and water resources zones (WRZ) directly affect the simulation results of global multi-scale hydrological cycle and the accuracy of water resource refined evaluation. However, few existing global hydrological data sets take account of both aspects simultaneously. Here, we constructed a new hydrologic data set with a spatial resolution of 90 m as an upgraded version of the GRNWRZ V1.0. This data set had proper grading and partitioning thresholds and clear coding of topological relationships. Based on maintaining the accuracy of river networks in the GRNWRZ V1.0, we determined the more refined thresholds and created a new coding rule, which made the grading RN and partitioning WRZ more precise and the topological relationship more intuitive. Supported by this data set, the accuracy and efficiency of the large-scale hydrological simulation can be guaranteed. This data set provides fundamental data support for global water resources governance and global hydrological modeling under climate change.
Impact of diet on human nutrition, immune response, gut microbiome, and cognition in an isolated and confined mission environment
Authors: Douglas Grace L. , DeKerlegand Diane , Dlouhy Holly , Dumont-Leblond Nathan , Fields Eden , Heer Martina , Krieger Stephanie , Mehta Satish , Rooney Bridgette V. , Torralba Manolito G. , Whiting Sara E. , Crucian Brian , Lorenzi Hernan , Smith Scott M. , Young Millennia , Zwart Sara R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong-duration spaceflight impacts human physiology, including well documented immune system dysregulation. The space food system has the potential to serve as a countermeasure to maladaptive physiological changes during spaceflight. However, the relationship between dietary requirements, the food system, and spaceflight adaptation requires further investigation to adequately define countermeasures and prioritize resources on future spaceflight missions. We evaluated the impact of an enhanced spaceflight diet, with increased quantity and variety of fruits, vegetables, fish, and other foods rich in flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids, compared to a standard spaceflight diet on multiple health and performance outcomes in 16 subjects over four 45-day closed chamber missions in the NASA Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA). Subjects consuming the enhanced spaceflight diet had lower cholesterol levels, lower stress (i.e. cortisol levels), better cognitive speed, accuracy, and attention, and a more stable microbiome and metatranscriptome than subjects consuming the standard diet. Although no substantial changes were observed in the immune response, there were also no immune challenges, such as illness or infection, so the full benefits of the diet may not have been apparent in these analog missions. These results indicate that a spaceflight diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids produces significant health and performance benefits even over short durations. Further investigation is required to fully develop dietary countermeasures to physiological decrements observed during spaceflight. These results will have implications for food resource prioritization on spaceflight missions.
Trametinib improves Treg selectivity of anti-CCR4 antibody by regulating CCR4 expression in CTLs in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ono Shoya , Suzuki Susumu , Kondo Yutaro , Okubo Ikuko , Goto Mitsuo , Ogawa Tetsuya , Kato Hidefumi , Ito Hideaki , Takahara Taishi , Satou Akira , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Yoshikawa Kazuhiro , Nagao Toru , Ueda Ryuzo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRegulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a major role in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Mogamulizumab, an anti-CC chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody, depletes effector Tregs (eTregs). However, the clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab was limited in phase Ia/Ib studies for solid tumors (NCT01929486); the finding suggests that mogamulizumab may also deplete beneficial CCR4+CD8+ T-cells in patients. Therefore, we focused on CTLs and aimed to identify a way to protect CCR4+ CTLs. Here, we evaluated the association of CCR4 expression in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) with antigen and cytokine stimulations and kinase inhibition using cytomegalovirus antigen instead of tumor antigen. CCR4 expression in CTLs was induced by antigen stimulation (mean 3.14–29.0%), enhanced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (mean 29.0–51.2%), and downregulated by trametinib with (mean 51.2–11.4%) or without TGF-β1 treatment (mean 29.0–6.98%). Phosphorylation of ERK in CD8+ T-cells was suppressed by trametinib. Regarding the effect on immunological function of CTL, trametinib reduced cytokine production but not affected cytotoxicity. Importantly, trametinib alleviated CTL reduction by anti-CCR4 antibody without affecting eTreg depletion because CCR4 expression in eTregs was not downregulated. In conclusion, combination therapy with trametinib may improve the clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab.
Diversity of Trichoderma species associated with soil in the Zoige alpine wetland of Southwest China
Authors: Tang Gui-Ting , Li Ying , Zhou You , Zhu Yu-Hang , Zheng Xiao-Juan , Chang Xiao-Li , Zhang Shi-Rong , Gong Guo-Shu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ecology of soil fungi is poorly understood, and recent comprehensive reports on Trichoderma are unavailable for any region, including the Zoige alpine wetland ecological region in China. One hundred soil samples were collected from different soil types and soil layers in Zoige alpine wetland ecological regions. Using the traditional suspension plating method, 80 Trichoderma strains were chosen to analyze species diversity. After a preliminary classification of morphological characteristics and the genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), 57 representative strains were selected and eventually identified as seven species via phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequences based on the genes transcription elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), encoding RNA polymerase II subunit B (rpb2) and ATP citrate lyase (acl1). Among them, T. harzianum was the dominant species isolated from five soil layers and four soil types, and had the highest isolation frequency (23%) in this zone, while T. polysporum and T. pyramidale were rare species, with isolation frequencies of less than 1%. Our detailed morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Trichoderma zoigense was described for the first time as a new species, while T. atrobrunneum as a new record for China was found. Our results will be used as a reference for a greater understanding of soil microbial resources, ecological rehabilitation and reconstructions in the Zoige alpine wetland.
Leveraging machine learning to assess market-level food safety and zoonotic disease risks in China
Authors: Gao Qihua , Levi Retsef , Renegar Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile many have advocated for widespread closure of Chinese wet and wholesale markets due to numerous zoonotic disease outbreaks (e.g., SARS) and food safety risks, this is impractical due to their central role in China’s food system. This first-of-its-kind work offers a data science enabled approach to identify market-level risks. Using a massive, self-constructed dataset of food safety tests, market-level adulteration risk scores are created through machine learning techniques. Analysis shows that provinces with more high-risk markets also have more human cases of zoonotic flu, and specific markets associated with zoonotic disease have higher risk scores. Furthermore, it is shown that high-risk markets have management deficiencies (e.g., illegal wild animal sales), potentially indicating that increased and integrated regulation targeting high-risk markets could mitigate these risks.
Impact of HIV infection and integrase strand transfer inhibitors-based treatment on the gut virome
Authors: Villoslada-Blanco Pablo , Pérez-Matute Patricia , Íñiguez María , Recio-Fernández Emma , Jansen Daan , De Coninck Lander , Close Lila , Blanco-Navarrete Pilar , Metola Luis , Ibarra Valvanera , Alba Jorge , Matthijnssens Jelle , Oteo José A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractViruses are the most abundant components of the human gut microbiome with a significant impact on health and disease. The effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on gut virome has been scarcely analysed. Several studies suggested that integrase strand transfers inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with a healthier gut. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of HIV infection and INSTIs on gut virome composition. 26 non-HIV-infected volunteers, 15 naive HIV-infected patients and 15 INSTIs-treated HIV-infected patients were recruited and their gut virome composition was analysed using shotgun sequencing. Bacteriophages were the most abundant and diverse viruses present in gut. HIV infection was accompanied by a decrease in phage richness which was reverted after INSTIs-based treatment. β-diversity of phages revealed that samples from HIV-infected patients clustered separately from those belonging to the control group. Differential abundant analysis showed an increase in phages belonging to Caudoviricetes class in the naive group and a decrease of Malgrandaviricetes class phages in the INSTIs-treated group compared to the control group. Besides, it was observed that INSTIs-based treatment was not able to reverse the increase of lysogenic phages associated with HIV infection or to modify the decrease observed on the relative abundance of Proteobacteria-infecting phages. Our study describes for the first time the impact of HIV and INSTIs on gut virome and demonstrates that INSTIs-based treatments are able to partially restore gut dysbiosis at the viral level, which opens several opportunities for new studies focused on microbiota-based therapies.
Fingerprints of magnetoinduced charge density waves in monolayer graphene beyond half filling
Authors: Hoffmann Felix , Siebert Martin , Duft Antonia , Krstić Vojislav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA charge density wave is a condensate of fermions, whose charge density shows a long-range periodic modulation. Such charge density wave can be principally described as a macroscopic quantum state and is known to occur by various formation mechanisms. These are the lattice deforming Peierls transition, the directional, fermionic wave vector orientation prone Fermi surface nesting or the generic charge ordering, which in contrast is associated solely with the undirected effective Coulomb interaction between fermions. In two-dimensional Dirac/Weyl-like systems, the existence of charge density waves is only theoretically predicted within the ultralow energy regime at half filling. Taking graphene as host of two-dimensional fermions described by a Dirac/Weyl Hamiltonian, we tuned indirectly the effective mutual Coulomb interaction between fermions through adsorption of tetracyanoquinodimethane on top in the low coverage limit. We thereby achieved the development of a novel, low-dimensional dissipative charge density wave of Weyl-like fermions, even beyond half filling with additional magneto-induced localization and quantization. This charge density wave appears both, in the electron and the hole spectrum.
In vitro screening of anti-viral and virucidal effects against SARS-CoV-2 by Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea
Authors: Bajrai Leena Hussein , El-Kafrawy Sherif Ali , Hassan Ahmed Mohamed , Tolah Ahmed Majdi , Alnahas Rabie Saleh , Sohrab Sayed Sartaj , Rehan Mohd , Azhar Esam Ibraheem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHypericum perforatumandEchinaceaare reported to have antiviral activities against several viral infections. In this study,H. perforatum(St. John’s Wort) andEchinaceawere tested in vitro using Vero E6 cells for their anti-viral effects against the newly identified Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through its infectious cycle from 0 to 48 h post infection. The hypericin ofH. perforatumand the different parts (roots, seeds, aerial) of two types ofEchinaceaspecies (Echinacea purpureaandEchinacea angustifolia) were tested for their anti-viral activities to measure the inhibition of viral load using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on cell culture assay. Interestingly, theH. perforatum-Echinaceamixture (1:1 ratio) ofH. perforatumandEchinaceawas tested as well on SARS-CoV-2 and showed crucial anti-viral activity competingH. perforatumthenEchinaceaeffects as anti-viral treatment. Therefore, the resultsH. perforatumandEchinaceaspecies, applied in this study showed significant anti-viral and virucidal effects in the following order of potency:H. perforatum,H. perforatum-Echinaceamixture, andEchinaceaon SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle. Additionally, molecular simulation analysis of the compounds with essential proteins (Mproand RdRp) of the SARS-CoV-2 revealed the most potent bioactive compounds such as Echinacin, Echinacoside, Cyanin, Cyanidin 3-(6''-alonylglucoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, Proanthocyanidins, Rutin, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and Quercetin-3-O-xyloside. Thus, based on the outcome of this study, it is demanding the setup of clinical trial with specific therapeutic protocol.
Behavioral and neuro-cognitive bases for emergence of norms and socially shared realities via dynamic interaction
Authors: Kuroda Kiri , Ogura Yukiko , Ogawa Akitoshi , Tamei Tomoya , Ikeda Kazushi , Kameda Tatsuya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the digital era, new socially shared realities and norms emerge rapidly, whether they are beneficial or harmful to our societies. Although these are emerging properties from dynamic interaction, most research has centered on static situations where isolated individuals face extant norms. We investigated how perceptual norms emerge endogenously as shared realities through interaction, using behavioral and fMRI experiments coupled with computational modeling. Social interactions fostered convergence of perceptual responses among people, not only overtly but also at the covert psychophysical level that generates overt responses. Reciprocity played a critical role in increasing the stability (reliability) of the psychophysical function within each individual, modulated by neural activity in the mentalizing network during interaction. These results imply that bilateral influence promotes mutual cognitive anchoring of individual views, producing shared generative models at the collective level that enable endogenous agreement on totally new targets–one of the key functions of social norms.
Reading Comprehension of Chinese-Speaking Children With Hearing Loss: The Roles of Metalinguistic Awareness and Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: Chan Yi-Chih 
Published: December 2022

Purpose:
This study aims to explore the contributions of phonological awareness (PA) and morphological awareness (MA) to the reading comprehension skills of Chinese-speaking children with hearing loss (HL) and examine the possible mediation effect of vocabulary knowledge on the relationships of PA and MA with their reading comprehension.

Method:
The participants were 28 Chinese-speaking children with HL, who were followed from Grade 1 through Grade 2. They were administered a series of tests that measured their PA and MA at the beginning of Grade 1, vocabulary knowledge at the end of Grade 1, and reading comprehension at the end of Grade 2.

Results:
MA significantly accounted for additional variance in reading comprehension beyond the effect of PA but not vice versa. Both PA and MA contributed uniquely to vocabulary knowledge, which completely mediated the relationships of PA and MA with reading comprehension.

Conclusions:
PA and MA are both essential to the development of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension in Chinese-speaking children with HL; however, MA seems to be more important than PA in their reading comprehension. PA and MA significantly affect children's reading comprehension through their influence on vocabulary knowledge. This study has replicated previous evidence on the importance of PA, MA, and vocabulary knowledge in the reading comprehension of children with typical hearing, and has extended its significance to children with HL. In addition, the findings have the potential to inform educational practitioners regarding the importance of teaching essential reading skills to Chinese-speaking children with HL.
Evidence of extra mixing in field giants as traced by the lithium and carbon isotope ratio
Authors: Aguilera-Gómez Claudia , Jones Matías I. , Chanamé Julio 
Published: December 2022

Context.Although not predicted by standard stellar evolution, the surface abundance of light elements, such as lithium (Li), carbon, and nitrogen, changes during the red giant branch (RGB) as a result of extra mixing. This is usually associated with thermohaline mixing acting after the RGB bump. Peculiar Li-enriched RGB stars might also be related to either enhanced mixing or pollution from external sources.Aims.We measure the Li abundance and carbon isotopic ratio12C/13C in a sample of 166 field red giants with −0.3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0.2, targeted by the EXPRESS radial velocity program to analyze the effects of extra mixing.Methods.We measured the abundances with spectral synthesis using high-quality spectra. Multiple-epoch observations needed for exoplanet detection were used to decrease the effects of telluric contamination in12C/13C measurements.Results.Due to the prevalence of upper limits, the Li abundance pattern is complicated to interpret, but the comparison between RGB and core He-burning giants shows effects of mixing consistent with thermohaline. The most Li-enriched giant in the sample, classified as a RGB star close to the RGB bump, has low12C/13C. Given that the12C/13C should not be affected by planet engulfment, this does not seem to be the source of the high Li. There is a decreasing correlation between mass and12C/13C in the RGB and an increasing correlation in the horizontal branch, which, once again, is consistent with thermohaline mixing. Our data also show a correlation between12C/13C and [Fe/H]. There is no evident impact of binarity either on Li or on12C/13C.Conclusions.Our sample shows behavior consistent with additional mixing acting after the RGB bump. The12C/13C adds new clues which can be used to describe extra mixing, and it could well be the best tool to study mixing in giants. Additional measurements of12C/13C in field stars would greatly improve our ability to compare data with models and understand mixing mechanisms.
Digitaler Reifegrad der Krankenhausversorgung –
Ausgangssituation und Handlungsoptionen für eine forcierte digitale
Transformation in österreichischen
Krankenhäusern
Authors: Kriegel Johannes , Rissbacher Clemens 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die stationäre Patientenversorgung in
österreichischen Krankenhäusern wird bestimmt durch
arbeitsteilige, interdisziplinäre und komplexe Leistungsprozesse, die
durch eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen und Abteilungen
erbracht werden. Die wissensbasierten Gesundheitsdienstleistungen werden dabei
durch einen Mix aus Arbeitsleistungen sowie Hard- und Software-Einsatz
dominiert. Aufgrund der verstärkten branchenübergreifenden
Digitalisierung von Leistungsprozessen stellt sich die Frage: Wie sollte die
Digitalisierung zur Verbesserung der zukünftigen Wertschöpfung
und Ressourcennutzung in österreichischen Krankenhäusern aus
Sicht der Entscheidungs- und Führungsverantwortlichen (Kollegiale
Führung) ausgestaltet und weiterentwickelt werden?
Methodik Mittels einer semi-strukturierten Literaturrecherche sowie einer
Online-Umfrage unter Entscheidungs- und Führungsverantwortlichen
(Kollegiale Führung) in österreichischen Krankenhäusern
(N=374; n=49, rr=13,1%) wurden der aktuelle
Reifegrad sowie die unterschiedlichen Zielsetzungen, Herausforderungen und
Lösungsansätze der Digitalisierung im Krankenhauswesen aus der
Perspektive der Kollegialen Führung, erhoben und analysiert.
Ergebnisse Es wird deutlich, dass die übergreifende
Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus durch eine Vielzahl an Akteuren, Professionen,
Aktivitäten, Ressourceneinsätzen sowie wissensbasierten
Dienstleistungen bestimmt sowie mit unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen
konfrontiert wird. Der aktuelle Reifegrad der Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus
erreicht nach Auffassung der befragten Entscheidungsverantwortlichen ein
mittleres Niveau. Wesentliche Verbesserungspotenziale und
Anwendungsmöglichkeiten werden insbesondere hinsichtlich der Nutzung von
Big Data und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI)-Technologien, dem
Asset-Tracking sowie der Anwendung von Mobile-Health-Lösungen
gesehen.
Schlussfolgerungen Neben der Weiterentwicklung der wissensbasierten und
qualifizierten medizinisch-pflegerisch-therapeutischen Patientenversorgung gilt
es, zukünftig verstärkt die Digitalisierung im Krankenhaus zu
forcieren. Ziel ist es, bei zunehmender Nachfrage und gesteigerten
Patientenerwartungen sowie verstärkt limitierter
Ressourcenverfügbarkeit, sowohl die Versorgungssicherheit (z. B.
niederschwelliger, zeit- und wohnortnaher Zugang) als auch die
Versorgungsqualität (z. B. Evidence Based Health Care),
sicherzustellen.