bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volume‐Controlled 19F MR Ventilation Imaging of Fluorinated Gas
Authors: Obert Arnd J. , Kern Agilo L. , Gutberlet Marcel , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Kaireit Till F. , Crisosto Cristian , Greer Mark , Krause E. Tobias , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: August 2022

Background19F MRI of inhaled gas tracers has developed into a promising tool for pulmonary diagnostics. Prior to clinical use, the intersession repeatability of acquired ventilation parameters must be quantified and maximized.PurposeTo evaluate repeatability of static and dynamic 19F ventilation parameters and correlation with predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%pred) with and without inspiratory volume control.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 30 healthy subjects and 26 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Field Strength/SequenceThree‐dimensional (3D) gradient echo pulse sequence with golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars k‐space encoding at 1.5 T.AssessmentAll study participants underwent 19F ventilation MRI over eight breaths with inspiratory volume control (w VC) and without inspiratory volume control (w/o VC), which was repeated within 1 week. Ventilated volume percentage (VVP), fractional ventilation (FV), and wash‐in time (WI) were computed. Lung function testing was conducted on the first visit.Statistical TestsCorrelation between imaging and FEV1%pred was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Differences in imaging parameters between first and second visit were analyzed using paired t‐test. Repeatability was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CoV). Minimum detectable effect size (MDES) was calculated with a power analysis for study size n = 30 and a power of 0.8. All hypotheses were tested with a significance level of 5% two sided.ResultsStrong and moderate linear correlations with FEV1%pred for COPD patients were found in almost all imaging parameters. The ICC w VC exceeds the ICC w/o VC for all imaging parameters. CoV was significantly lower w VC for initial VVP in COPD patients, FV, CoV FV, WI and standard deviation (SD) of WI. MDES of all imaging parameters were smaller w VC.Data Conclusion19F gas wash‐in MRI with inspiratory volume control increases the correlation and repeatability of imaging parameters with lung function testing.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Measuring the margin distance in pulmonary wedge resection
Authors: Wolf Andrea , Laskey Daniel , Yip Rowena , Beasley Mary B. , Yankelevitz David F. , Henschke Claudia I. ,   For the IELCART Investigators
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMargin distance contributes to survival and recurrence during wedge resections for early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer. The Initiative for Early Lung Cancer Research on Treatment sought to standardize a surgeon‐measured margin intraoperatively.MethodsLung cancer patients who underwent wedge resection were reviewed. Margins were measured by the surgeon twice as per a standardized protocol. Intraobserver variability as well as surgeon–pathologist variability were compared.ResultsForty‐five patients underwent wedge resection. Same‐surgeon measurement analysis indicated good reliability with a small mean difference and narrow limit of agreement for the two measures. The median surgeon‐measured margin was 18.0 mm, median pathologist‐measured margin was 16.0 mm and the median difference between the surgeon–pathologist margin was −1.0 mm, ranging from −18.0 to 12.0 mm. Bland–Altman analysis for margin measurements demonstrated a mean difference of 0.65 mm. The limit of agreement for the two approaches were wide, with the difference lying between −16.25 and 14.96 mm.ConclusionsA novel protocol of surgeon‐measured margin was evaluated and compared with pathologist‐measured margin. High intraobserver agreement for repeat surgeon measurements yet low‐to‐moderate correlation or directionality between surgeon and pathologic measurements were found.DiscussionA standardized protocol may reduce variability in pathologic assessment. These findings have critical implications considering the impact of margin distance on outcomes.
Prevalence of Castleman's disease in patients suffering from cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Krokenberger Michael , Schwamborn Kristina , Strassen Ulrich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of Castleman's disease (unicentric/idiopathic multicentric CD) in a retrospective cohort according to the newly defined international diagnostic criteria in patients, who underwent a lymph node removal at a tertiary care university hospital over a period of 10 years.Study designRetrospective chart review.Material and methodsAll Patients with cervical lymphadenopathy coded by ICD‐10‐CM with “I88.9,” “R59.0,” or “D47.Z2” between January 2010 and December 2020 and who underwent a lymph node extirpation were identified. In cases who met the diagnostic criteria for a potential unicentric or idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD) diagnosis, the lymph node tissue was re‐evaluated by a pathologist.ResultsA total of 714 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy were included into this single‐center retrospective study. After exclusion of patients with diseases that may mimic iMCD and cases for which material to perform histological re‐evaluation was lacking, a subset of 75 patients with “nonspecific lymphadenitis” or “reactive hyperplasia of lymph node” was identified, who underwent a renewed histopathological examination. One case fulfilled both the major and minor criteria of an iMCD diagnosis, and further 15 cases matched the histological criterion of an iMCD diagnosis (one of the two major diagnostic criteria), so that a UCD diagnosis according to the new criteria could be accepted.ConclusionIn this cohort, the subsequent application of the new diagnostic criteria led to further cases of CD (1.9% compared to 0.1% before) being recognized. Although incidence and prevalence of UCD and iMCD are low, clinicians should keep in mind this differential diagnosis as effective therapies are available.Level of Evidence4.
TGFβ1 regulates HRas‐mediated activation of IRE1α through the PERK‐RPAP2 axis in keratinocytes
Authors: Mogre Saie , Blazanin Nicholas , Walsh Hailey , Ibinson Jack , Minnich Chase , Andrew Hu Chih‐Chi , Glick Adam B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a critical regulator of tumor progression in response to HRas. Recently, TGFβ1 has been shown to trigger ER stress in many disease models; however, its role in oncogene‐induced ER stress is unclear. Oncogenic HRas induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) predominantly via the Inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) pathway to initiate the adaptative responses to ER stress, with importance for both proliferation and senescence. Here, we show a role of the UPR sensor proteins IRE1α and (PKR)‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) to mediate the tumor‐suppressive roles of TGFβ1 in mouse keratinocytes expressing mutant forms of HRas. TGFβ1 suppressed IRE1α phosphorylation and activation by HRas both in in vitro and in vivo models while simultaneously activating the PERK pathway. However, the increase in ER stress indicated an uncoupling of ER stress and IRE1α activation by TGFβ1. Pharmacological and genetic approaches demonstrated that TGFβ1‐dependent dephosphorylation of IRE1α was mediated by PERK through RNA Polymerase II Associated Protein 2 (RPAP2), a PERK‐dependent IRE1α phosphatase. In addition, TGFβ1‐mediated growth arrest in oncogenic HRas keratinocytes was partially dependent on PERK‐induced IRE1α dephosphorylation and inactivation. Together, these results demonstrate a critical cross‐talk between UPR proteins that is important for TGFβ1‐mediated tumor suppressive responses.
A review of early severe weather applications of high‐resolution regional reanalysis in Australia
Authors: Fox‐Hughes Paul , Su Chun‐Hsu , Eizenberg Nathan , White Christopher , Steinle Peter , Jakob Doerte , Black Mitchell , Dowdy Andrew , Brown Andrew , Nathan Rory , Acharya Suwash Chandra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh‐resolution regional reanalysis datasets have the potential to provide valuable guidance to emergency management agencies, highlighting areas at risk of severe weather, including estimates of return periods of various hazardous weather phenomena. The BARRA regional reanalysis for Australia comprises a reanalysis for a broad region around Australia at moderately high spatial and temporal resolution (12 km/hourly), together with four subdomains at high resolution (1.5 km/1 h). Here, we document four applications of BARRA developed for emergency management: optimal placement of portable automatic weather stations for fire weather monitoring; climatology of low‐level wind shear conducive to cool‐season tornadogenesis; development of rainfall intensity–frequency–duration curves based on the gridded reanalysis data; and development of a climatology across Australia of parameters associated with severe thunderstorm occurrence.
Technical note: Absolute dose measurements of a vault‐free radiosurgery system
Authors: Sorensen Stephen P. , Jani Shyam S. , Pinnaduwage Dilini S. , Yan Xiangsheng , Srivastava Shiv P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMethods for accurate absolute dose (AD) calibration are essential for the proper functioning of radiotherapy treatment machines. Many systems do not conform to TG‐51 calibration standards, and modifications are required. TG‐21 calibration is also a viable methodology for these situations with the appropriate setup, equipment, and factors. It has been shown that both these methods result in minimal errors. A similar approach has been taken in calibrating the dose for a recent vault‐free radiosurgery system.PurposeTo evaluate modified TG‐21 and TG‐51 protocols for AD calibrations of the ZAP‐X radiosurgery system using ion chambers, film, and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs).MethodsThe current treatment planning system for ZAP‐X requires AD calibration at dmax (7 mm) and 450 mm source‐to‐axis distance. Both and Nx [R/C] calibration coefficients were provided by an accredited dosimetry calibration laboratory for a physikalisch technische werkstatten (PTW) 31010 chamber (0.125 cc). The vendor provides an f‐bracket that can be mounted on the collimator. Various phantoms can then be attached to the f‐bracket. A custom acrylic phantom was designed based on recommendations from TG‐21 and technical report series‐398 that places the chamber at 500 mm from the source with a depth of 44‐mm acrylic and 456‐mm SSD. Nx along with other TG‐21 parameters was used to calculate the AD. Measurements using a PTW MP3‐XS water tank and the same chamber were used to calculate AD using and TG‐51 factors. Dose verification was performed using Gafchromic film and 3rd party TLDs.ResultsMeasurements from TG‐51, TG‐21 (utilizing the custom acrylic phantom), film, and TLDs agreed to within ± 2%.ConclusionsA modified TG‐51 AD calculation in water is preferred but may not be practical due to the difficulty in tank setup. The TG‐21 modified protocol using a custom acrylic phantom is an accurate alternative option for dose calibration. Both of these methods are within acceptable agreement and provide confidence in the system's AD calibration.
Improving multiparametric MR‐transrectal ultrasound guided fusion prostate biopsies with hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate metabolic imaging: A technical development study
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Yu , Bok Robert A. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Nguyen Hao G. , Shinohara Katsuto , Westphalen Antonio C. , Wang Zhen J. , Ohliger Michael A. , Gebrezgiabhier Daniel , Carvajal Lucas , Gordon Jeremy W. , Larson Peder E. Z. , Aggarwal Rahul , Kurhanewicz John , Vigneron Daniel B. 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo develop techniques and establish a workflow using hyperpolarized carbon‐13 (13C) MRI and the pyruvate‐to‐lactate conversion rate (kPL) biomarker to guide MR‐transrectal ultrasound fusion prostate biopsies.MethodsThe integrated multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) exam consisted of a 1‐min hyperpolarized 13C‐pyruvate EPI acquisition added to a conventional prostate mpMRI exam. Maps of kPL values were calculated, uploaded to a picture archiving and communication system and targeting platform, and displayed as color overlays on T2‐weighted anatomic images. Abdominal radiologists identified 13C research biopsy targets based on the general recommendation of focal lesions with kPL >0.02(s−1), and created a targeting report for each study. Urologists conducted transrectal ultrasound‐guided MR fusion biopsies, including the standard 1H–mpMRI targets as well as 12–14 core systematic biopsies informed by the research 13C‐kPL targets. All biopsy results were included in the final pathology report and calculated toward clinical risk.ResultsThis study demonstrated the safety and technical feasibility of integrating hyperpolarized 13C metabolic targeting into routine 1H–mpMRI and transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy workflows, evaluated via 5 men (median age 71 years, prostate‐specific antigen 8.4 ng/mL, Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score 2) on active surveillance undergoing integrated scan and subsequent biopsies. No adverse event was reported. Median turnaround time was less than 3 days from scan to 13C‐kPL targeting, and scan‐to‐biopsy time was 2 weeks. Median number of 13C targets was 1 (range: 1–2) per patient, measuring 1.0 cm (range: 0.6–1.9) in diameter, with a median kPL of 0.0319 s−1 (range: 0.0198–0.0410).ConclusionsThis proof‐of‐concept work demonstrated the safety and feasibility of integrating hyperpolarized 13C MR biomarkers to the standard mpMRI workflow to guide MR‐transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies.
Total free energy analysis of fully hydrated proteins
Authors: Kalayan Jas , Chakravorty Arghya , Warwicker Jim , Henchman Richard H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe total free energy of a hydrated biomolecule and its corresponding decomposition of energy and entropy provides detailed information about regions of thermodynamic stability or instability. The free energies of four hydrated globular proteins with different net charges are calculated from a molecular dynamics simulation, with the energy coming from the system Hamiltonian and entropy using multiscale cell correlation. Water is found to be most stable around anionic residues, intermediate around cationic and polar residues, and least stable near hydrophobic residues, especially when more buried, with stability displaying moderate entropy‐enthalpy compensation. Conversely, anionic residues in the proteins are energetically destabilized relative to singly solvated amino acids, while trends for other residues are less clear‐cut. Almost all residues lose intraresidue entropy when in the protein, enthalpy changes are negative on average but may be positive or negative, and the resulting overall stability is moderate for some proteins and negligible for others. The free energy of water around single amino acids is found to closely match existing hydrophobicity scales. Regarding the effect of secondary structure, water is slightly more stable around loops, of intermediate stability around strands and turns, and least stable around helices. An interesting asymmetry observed is that cationic residues stabilize a residue when bonded to its N‐terminal side but destabilize it when on the C‐terminal side, with a weaker reversed trend for anionic residues.
Varroa destructor resistance to tau‐fluvalinate: relationship between in vitro phenotypic test and VGSC L925V mutation
Authors: Almecija Gabrielle , Schimmerling Marion , Del Cont Aurélie , Poirot Benjamin , Duquesne Véronique 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDVarroa destructor is a parasitic mite of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Its presence in colonies can lead to a collapse within a few years. The use of acaricides has become essential to manage the hive infestation. However, the repeated and possibly incorrect use of acaricide treatments, as tau‐fluvalinate, has led to the development of resistance. The in vitro phenotypic test allows the proportion of susceptible or resistant individuals to be known following an exposure to an active substance. In Varroa mites, resistance to tau‐fluvalinate is associated with the presence of mutations at the position 925 of the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC).RESULTSHere, we compared the results obtained with an in vitro phenotypic test against tau‐fluvalinate and those obtained with an allelic discrimination assay on 13 treated and untreated Varroa populations in France. The correlation between the phenotype and the genetic profile rate is found to be 0.89 Varroa mites having resistant phenotypic profile have a probability of 63% to present the L925V mutation (resistance detection reliability). However, 97% of the Varroa mites having the susceptible phenotype do not present the L925V mutation (susceptible detection reliability).CONCLUSIONThe L925V mutation explains most of the resistance to tau‐fluvalinate in V. destructor in the populations tested. However, other mutations or types of resistance may also be involved to explain the survival of Varroa mites in the phenotypic test. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Set for Variability as a Critical Predictor of Word Reading: Potential Implications for Early Identification and Treatment of Dyslexia
Authors: Steacy Laura M. , Edwards Ashley A. , Rigobon Valeria M. , Gutiérrez Nuria , Marencin Nancy C. , Siegelman Noam , Himelhoch Alexandra C. , Himelhoch Cristina , Rueckl Jay , Compton Donald L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuasiregular orthographies such as English contain substantial ambiguities between orthography and phonology that force developing readers to acquire flexibility during decoding of unfamiliar words, a skill referred to as a “set for variability” (SfV). The ease with which a child can disambiguate the mismatch between the decoded form of a word and its actual lexical phonological form has been operationalized using the SfV mispronunciation task (e.g., the word wasp is pronounced to rhyme with clasp [i.e., /wæsp/] and the child must recognize the actual pronunciation of the word to be /wɒsp/). SfV has been shown to be a significant predictor of word reading variance. However, little is known about the relative strength of SfV as a predictor of word reading compared to other well‐established predictors or the strength of this relationship in children with dyslexia. To address these questions, we administered the SfV task to a sample of grade 2–5 children (N = 489) along with other reading related measures. SfV accounted for 15% unique variance in word reading above and beyond other predictors, whereas phonological awareness (PA) accounted for only 1%. Dominance analysis indicated SfV is the most powerful predictor, demonstrating complete statistical dominance over other variables including PA. Quantile regression revealed SfV is a stronger predictor at lower levels of reading skill, indicating it may be an important predictor in students with dyslexia. Results suggest that SfV is a powerful and potentially highly sensitive predictor of early reading difficulties and, therefore, may be important for early identification and treatment of dyslexia.
Reconciling culture and conservation of wildlife: Field insights regarding sustainable community development projects and stakeholder well‐being
Authors: Weizman Rotem , Talmage Craig A. , Allgood Beth , Barylak Carson 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article showcases tensions between local culture and wildlife conservation work. The community capitals framework is applied drawing specifically on cultural capital, natural capital, and economic capital for elucidation of notable insights. Five cases from across the world are leveraged to identify where and how culture and conservation can be reconciled to enhance the well‐being for humans and wildlife. The five cases include: Whaling in Iceland; elephants in Thailand; monk seals in Hawaii; koalas in Australia; and, wildlife in Alaska. The article demonstrates how different communities have and can shift values to view animals as co‐producers of well‐being rather than commodities. These communities can find ways to examine and take advantage of the intersections of economic, cultural, and natural capital. Moreover, the nature of how species are culturally defined as important is examined leaving many questions regarding power, ownership, and leadership in future sustainable development efforts including wildlife conservation.
Validation of new ultrasound algorithm for estimating prevalence of anal sphincter trauma in a urogynecological population
Authors: Dietz H. P. , Shek K. L. , Low G. K. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of major perineal trauma in a urogynecological population, to test the predictive value of sonographic tear grading (Gillor algorithm) for anal incontinence (AI), AI bother score and St Mark's score, and to compare the predictive power of the Gillor algorithm with that of the residual‐defect method.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 721 women attending a tertiary urogynecology unit between February 2019 and May 2021. All women underwent a standardized interview, including determination of St Mark's score and visual analog scale (VAS) bother score for AI, as well as exoanal (translabial) ultrasound with later offline analysis. Results were reported as the presence of a residual defect of the external anal sphincter (EAS), i.e. a discontinuity of ≥ 30° in ≥ 4/6 tomographic slices, and according to the Gillor algorithm (normal, Grade 3a, Grade 3b or Grade 3c/4).ResultsMean age at assessment was 57 (range, 19–93) years and mean body mass index was 30 (range, 17–57) kg/m2. Six hundred and thirty‐six (88.2%) women were vaginally parous and 161 (22.3%) had undergone at least one forceps delivery. AI was reported by 186/721 (25.8%) women, with a median St Mark's score of 10 (interquartile range (IQR), 6–14) and a median VAS score of 6.3 (IQR, 3.9–10). EAS defects were detected in 261 (36.2%) women, with a residual defect diagnosed in 88 (12.2%). On sonographic grading according to the Gillor algorithm, we identified 532 (73.8%) women with a normal sphincter, 66 (9.2%) with Grade‐3a tear, 87 (12.1%) with Grade‐3b tear and 36 (5.0%) with Grade‐3c/4 tear. In total, the Gillor algorithm classified 189 (26.2%) women as having suffered a major perineal tear. The two grading systems were in moderate agreement (κ, 0.537 (95% CI, 0.49–0.56); P < 0.001). There were weak, albeit significant, associations between EAS defects and measures of AI (P = 0.009 to P = 0.047), both for residual defect as well as the Gillor algorithm.ConclusionNeither the Gillor algorithm nor the residual‐defect method of quantifying sphincter trauma on imaging is clearly superior in terms of predicting AI. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.