bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomato Value Chain Analysis in Yayo And Hurumu Districts of Ilu Aba Bor Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Beyu Abera 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Tomato is one of the most important and widely grown vegetable in Ethiopia. This study was aimed at analyzing tomato value chain in Yayu and Hurumu districts of Ilubabor zone. The specific objectives of the study were to identify actors and their roles in the value chain, to estimate marketing margins of each actor and identifying determinants of market participation decision and level of participation of farm households in tomato market.Methodology: The study used both primary and secondary data. Descriptive statistics, value chain analysis and Heckman two-stage selection model were used to analyze the data.Results: The major tomato value chain actors in the study area are input suppliers, producers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Producer received the maximum profit when they sell directly to consumers. The Heckman first stage model result showed that four variables such as family size, production experience, participation in non-farm activity and quantity produced significantly affect the tomato market participation decision. Heckman second stage model indicated that extension contact, quantity produced and perception of lagged price significantly influence the tomato level of market participation.Conclusion: in the study area Tomato is produced mainly as a source of food and income and it is one of the most important and widely grown vegetable. The market participation decision of the farmers is influenced significantly by family size, production experience, participation in non-farm activity and quantity produced. Similarly, extension contact, quantity produced and perception of lagged price were among determinants which affect significantly tomato producer’s level of market participation. Hence, these significant factors need to be intervening so as to enhance the possible gain that could be drawn from tomato value chain in the study area.
High-Risk NAFLD among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Frequency and Effect on Disease Severity
Authors: Allam Ahmed Samir , Saeed Kadry Mohamed El , Abozeid Hazem Mahmoud , Raafat Khaled Mohamed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disease that can change a patient's quality of life and impair their daily activities. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), on the other hand, has become a widespread condition as the global obesity rates rises. The prevalence of NAFLD has reached up to 25% of the adolescent population. The etiology of both diseases is still not clearly understood. The mechanism linking the two seemingly similar diseases could be immune system activation and tissue inflammation; thus, the goal of our study was to see if there was a common link between them and to examine NAFLD prevalence and severity in IBS patients. Our study included 150 patients who have symptoms of IBS with different degrees of severity. IBS was diagnosed according to modified ROME IV criteria. Patients were examined to see if they had NAFLD based on abdominal ultrasonography and NAFLD fibrosis score calculation.
Results

Our current study showed that regarding evaluating the association of IBS with NAFLD, there was a highly statistically significant association between both diseases. Furthermore, there was a high statistical significant association between higher grades of NAFLD and lipid profile parameters.
Conclusion

Patients with IBS had a higher frequency of NAFLD. In addition, a significant association was noted between IBS severity and increased NAFLD grades.
Integrating Laboratory Experiments and Biogeographic Modelling Approaches to Understand Sensitivity to Ocean Warming in Rare and Common Marine Annelids
Authors: N'Siala Gloria Massamba , Reygondeau Gabriel , Simonini Roberto , Cheung William W.L. , Prevedelli Daniela , Calosi Piero 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Among ectotherms, rare species are expected to have a narrower thermal niche breadth and reduced acclimation capacity and thus be more vulnerable to global warming than their common relatives. To assess these hypotheses, we experimentally quantified the thermal sensitivity of seven common, uncommon, and rare species of temperate marine annelids of the genus Ophryotrocha to assess those species’ vulnerability to ocean warming. We measured the upper and lower limits of physiological thermal tolerance, survival, and reproductive performance of each species along a temperature gradient (18, 24, and 30°C). We then combined this information to produce curves of each species’ fundamental thermal niche by including trait plasticity. Each thermal curve was then expressed as a habitat suitability index (HSI) and projected for the Mediterranean Sea and temperate Atlantic Ocean under a present day (1970-2000), mid- (2050-2059) and late- (2090-2099) 21st Century scenario for two climate change scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Rare and uncommon species showed a reduced upper thermal tolerance compared to common species, and the niche breadth and acclimation capacity were comparable among groups. The simulations predicted an overall increase in the HSI for all species and identified potential hotspots of HSI decline for uncommon and rare species along the warm boundaries of their potential distribution, though they failed to project the higher sensitivity of these species into a greater vulnerability to ocean warming. In the discussion, we provide elements and caveats on the implications of our results for conservation efforts.
Phacoemulsification After Trabeculectomy in Uveitis Associated with Vogt-Koyanagi- Harada Disease: Intermediate-Term Visual Outcome, IOP Control and Trabeculectomy Survival
Authors: Almobarak Faisal , Alharbi Ali , Aljadaan Ibrahim , Aldhibi Hassan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the visual outcome, intraocular pressure control and trabeculectomy survival after phacoemulsification in eyes with prior trabeculectomy in uveitis associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH).Design: Retrospective comparative study.Methods: Eyes with uveitic glaucoma associated with VKH who underwent mitomycin C (MMC)-enhanced trabeculectomy were included. Eyes were divided into two groups: the first study group included eyes that later underwent cataract surgery in the form of phacoemulsification, and the second control group included eyes that did not have cataract surgery. The main outcome measures were changes in the visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucoma medications, IOP control and trabeculectomy survival. Results: There were no significant differences in the final visual acuity (0.78 (±0.9) and 0.92 (±1.1), p=0.80)) nor IOP (14.21 mmHg (±5.8) and 12.16 mmHg (±6.1), p=0.29), but there was a difference in the antiglaucoma medications (1.58 (±1.5) and 0.53 (±1.0), p=0.02) between the study and control group, respectively. There was no difference in the overall trabeculectomy survival (p=0.381, Log Rank), but more eyes in the study group converted to qualified success after phacoemulsification and required more medications to control the IOP.Conclusion: Phacoemulsification after trabeculectomy seems to be a safe procedure in eyes with combined vision threatening complications of VKH, although the visual improvement was limited. Nevertheless, more medications were required to control the IOP, resulting in less absolute and more qualified trabeculectomy success. Therefore, patient counseling before surgery is essential.
Identification of the First C1 Subgenotype of Enterovirus 71 in Mainland of China in a Retrospective Study
Authors: SI Fenfen , WANG Dongyan , JI Tianjiao , ZHANG Yong , ZHU Shuangli , LI Junhan , XU Wenbo , TAO Zexin , YAN Dongmei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The C4 sub-genotype of Enterovirus 71(EV71) is identified as the most dominant sub-genotype circulating in Chinese mainland since 1998, while the circulation situation of EV71 before 1998 is not well established due to insufficient experimental data. The C1 sub-genotype of EV71 has not been reported in Chinese mainland by now. Based on AFP surveillance system of the mainland of China, this study performed a retrospective study of AFP cases for 1985-1999༚A strain of EV-A71 C1 sub-genotype was found. To our knowledge, this strain (SD92-41) is the first C1 sub-genotype reported in Chinese mainland. This study proves that the C1 gene subtype also appeared in Chinese mainland, but it is not clear whether it is an imported or a local epidemic strain. With sufficient information from retrospective studies, the source of the SD92-41 strain will be identified, and the prevalence of EV-A71 in Chinese mainland before 1998 will be clearer.
PDLB: Path Diversity-aware Load Balancing with Adaptive Granularity in Data Center Network
Authors: gao weimin , jiawei huang , zhaoyi Li , shaojun zou , jianxin wang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Modern data center topologies often take the form of a multi-rooted tree with rich parallel paths to provide high bandwidth. However, various path diversities caused by traffic dynamics, link failures and heterogeneous switching equipments widely exist in production data center network. Therefore, the multi-path load balancer in data center should be robust to these diversities. Although prior fine-grained schemes such as RPS and Presto make full use of available paths, they are prone to experi-ence packet reordering problem under asymmetric topology. The coarse-grained solutions such as ECMP and LetFlow effectively avoid packet reordering, but easily lead to under-utilization of multiple paths. To cope with these inefficiencies, we propose a load balancing mechanism called PDLB, which adaptively adjusts flowcell granularity according to path diversity. PDLB increases flowcell granularity to alleviate packet reordering under large degrees of topology asymmetry, while reducing flowcell granularity to obtain high link utilization under small degrees of topology asymmetry. PDLB is only deployed on the sender without any modification on switch. We evaluate PDLB through large-scale NS2 simulations. The experimental results show that PDLB reduces the average flow completion time by up to ∼11-53% over the state-of-the-art load balancing schemes.
Annual Health Examination Didn’t Perform a Positive Effect in the Prevention of Hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia Through an Eight-Year Study in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , He Xiaokui , Zhou Xuehong , Geng Hongyan , Liu Xiangyi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Annual health examination is recommended for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. However, whether it is effective for the prevention of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical samples using the laboratory information system was performed. From 2012 to 2019, 5043 participants (1755 males and 3288 females) have completed the annual health examination for 8 consecutive years, which was the follow-up group. In the same period, 136,994 participants (the control group) had a health examination only 1 time. Serum levels of fasting triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glucose (GLU) were measured.Results: Compared with 2019 of the control group, serum TC and GLU in the 8th year of the follow-up group increased markedly in some of age groups (p < 0.001). Serum TG and TC in the 8th year were much higher compared with the 1st year of the follow-up group, especially for the female (p < 0.001). Moreover, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in the 8th year showed significant increase compared with the 1st year of the follow-up group and 2019 of the control group (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: Annual health examination didn’t perform a positive effect in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Health management should be paid more attention to prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
TASAWUF KONTEMPLATIF: PRINSIP-PRINSIP JALAN KESUFIAN AL-MUHASIBI
Authors: Khasani Fahim 
Published: January 2022

Al-Muhasibi's fame was unlike any other Sufi figure. he is not as popular as Al-Ghazali, even Imam Al-Junaid Al-Baghdadi. Even though both of them are students, big admirers and many are inspired by the views of Al-Muhasibi. Sufism presented by Al-Muhasibi is not an elite and exclusive science, nor is it far from irrational, eccentric and controversial. The method of Al-Muhasibi’s sufism at that time was unique. he accommodates all the knowledge that has been studied and used to develop the science of Sufism. he did not clash fiqh with tasawuf or muhaddisīn with mutakallimin, he instead integrated the four. starting from the text of the hadith which was studied by muhaddisīn and formulated into sharia law by the fuqaha, it was matured with spiritual and moral aspects by the Sufis and was written in the jadali Iqna'I style and rational dialogical style by mutakallimin. The spiritual experience (Sufism) in Al-Muhasibi’s way became a very rational conversation, not interesting in syathahāt, hulul and ittihad. The discussion related to Sufism is also not only about zuhud practices, but has been transformed into a theory and will develop into a rational scientific paradigm. Al-Muhasibi succeeded in transforming Sufism from a practical level ('Amaliy) to a theoretical level (Nadzariy) which had solid principles and foundations. he teaches us to be able to self-analyze, find bad characters and treat it, then trained to become spiritual humans by using Muhāsabah (self contemplation), riyadhah and mujahada.
PERAN ULAMA PEREMPUAN DALAM MEMELIHARA BUDAYA ORGANISASI DI PESANTREN
Authors: Sadiyah Halimatus 
Published: January 2022

Female Ulama are different from female scholars. If female ulama are female scholars, then female ulama are ulama (both women and men) who have a gender perspective. The meaning of women has shifted not only biologically, but also ideologically. The existence of the pesantren is influenced by the values, perceptions, policies, habits and behavior of the people in it. Has characteristics that can influence the formation of positive attitudes and morals. Women clerics, or so-called bu Nyai in Javanese terms, are culture creators who play an important role in the pesantren. The role of organizational leaders in maintaining organizational culture, with a concentration on the issue of eliminating violence against women, preventing child marriage, extremism and environmental fatwas. The role of female ulam can be seen when determining boundaries, meaning that they are able to create clear cultural differences between one organization and another. Second, it plays a role in facilitating and generating organizational commitment above individual interests. Third, the role of bringing a sense of identity to organizational members. Fourth, plays a role in the stability of the social system.
The European Medicines Agency Approved the New Antibacterial Drugs – Response to the 2017 Who Report on the Global Problem of Multi-Drug Resistance
Authors: Krajewska Joanna , Laudy Agnieszka Ewa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance has been classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to mankind. In a special report published in 2017, the WHO presented a list of microorganisms for which the search for new therapeutic options is a priority. The highest (critical) priority was given to the search for new antibiotics active against carbapenem-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against carbapenem- and third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales strains (so-called critical priority pathogens). Whereas the second (high) priority was given among others to the search for new antibiotics active against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecium (VRE). Since the publication of the WHO report the European Medicines Agency has approved 6 novel, broad-spectrum antibiotics, from 6 different groups, addressing the priority pathogens to a different extent. Two of them are new combinations of carbapenems with non-β-lactam inhibitors of β-lactamases (active also against carbapenemases), belonging to two novel groups of inhibitors: diazabicyclooctanes (relebactam, combined with imipenem) and boronates (vaborbactam, combined with meropenem). The third new drug is a siderophore cephalosporin (cefiderocol) with an innovative mechanism of penetration into the bacterial cell. The next two antibiotics are the new fluoroquinolone (delafloxacin) and the new tetracycline (eravacycline), designed and synthesized to be more active than older members of these groups. The last innovative antibiotic is lefamulin – the first pleuromutilin approved for systemic use in humans. New approvals have expanded the number of available therapeutic options in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (meropenem/vaborbactam, cefiderocol), complicated intra-abdominal infections (meropenem/vaborbactam, eravacycline), nosocomial pneumonia (meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam), acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (delafloxacin) and community-acquired pneumonia (lefamulin).
Fermented Cream for Curd Fortified with Probiotic Cultures: Biotechnological Aspects
Authors: Bukharev Andrew , Gavrilova Natalya , Kriger Olga , Chernopolskaya Natalya 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Contemporary food industry strives to increase the production volume of high-quality and biologically complete protein products. The Foodnet market also raised the demand for functional foods in Russia. The research objective was to develop a new functional curd product fortified with probiotic microflora.
Study objects and methods. The study featured cow’s milk, skimmed milk, cream, whey protein concentrate Milkiland-WPC 80, pollen, glutamine, starter cultures DVS Danisco Probat 576 and Howaru Bifido ARO-1, buckwheat flour, and oat flour. The experiment included physicochemical, sensory, biochemical, and microbiological methods.
Results and discussion. The milk-protein base of the curd product was produced in a GEA Westfalia KDB 30 curd separator. The research involved 15 and 20% cream with two different starter cultures. In case of 15% cream, Probat 576 Howaru Bifido appeared to be 1.66 times more active than ARO-1 Howaru Bifido, in case of 20% cream the result was even higher – 1.73 times. Probat 576 also demonstrated a better active acidity, i.e. 5.5 after three hours, which was two hours faster than ARO-1. Mathematical modeling revealed the positive effect of buckwheat and oat flour on the cream fermentation process. Oat flour (5%) was the optimal prebiotic, while buckwheat flour added its color to the final product, thus spoiling its market quality.
Conclusion. The new biotechnology for a curd product fortified with probiotic cultures can expand the range of functional products for sports diet.
Supercritical Extraction Technology of Obtaining Polyunsaturated Acids from Starfish (Lysastrosoma anthosticta Fisher, 1922)
Authors: Zakharenko Alexander , Kirichenko Konstantin , Vakhniuk Igor , Golokhvast Kirill 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Starfish (Asteroidea) are marine echinoderms with more than 160 species. Starfish are a valuable source of protein and fats. The present research featured the chemical composition of starfish, which can be used as a commercial source of lipids.
Study objects and methods. The study defined the optimal parameters for extracting the lipid fraction of Lysastrosoma anthosticta with supercritical carbon dioxide, as well as the qualitative composition of the obtained extracts.
Results and discussion. The yield of fatty acids obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide co-solvent was 1.8 times higher than that obtained with standard extraction according to the Folch method. The content of impurities was lower than in the samples with chloroform-methanol system. The polyunsaturated fatty acids isolated from L. anthosticta mainly belonged to ω-3 (18.0%), ω-6 (11.7%), ω-7 (21.2%), ω-9 (10.1%), and ω-11 (6.5%). The rest was saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic (14%) and myristic (6%). The qualitative composition of the lipid fraction did not depend significantly from the isolation method. However, the supercritical extraction increased the product yield, extraction rate, and the quality of the extraction residue. Supercritical carbon dioxide left a dry residue, which had no typical smell and was brittle enough for grinding. Such residue can presumably be used to produce protein concentrate.
Conclusion. Supercritical extraction with chloroform can be recommended to isolate fatty acids from marine organisms at 60°C and 400 bar.
Biologically Active Substances from Powdered Barberry and Viburnum
Authors: Dubtsova Galina , Lomakin Alexander , Kusova Irina , Bulannikova Ekaterina , Bystrov Dmitriy 
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Plant raw materials can be a source of biologically active substances and increase the nutritional value of food products. The present research objective was to determine the content of biologically active substances in powdered viburnum and barberry.
Study objects and methods. The study featured viburnum (Viburnum opulus L.) and barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.), dried by convection and crushed into particles of 50 microns.
Results and discussion. The total content of phenolic compounds in powdered viburnum was 3114.07 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 2272.7 mg/100 g. The content of flavonoids in powdered viburnum was 324.52 mg/100 g, in powdered barberry – 390.00 mg/100 g. The flavonoid profile of the powders included rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercintrin, and astralagin. The total content of catechins was 446 mg/100 g for viburnum and 506 mg/100 g for barberry. The catechins included mainly epigallocatechin and catechin. In powdered viburnum, the catechin composition was as follows: epicatechin – 196, catechin – 118, and epigallocatechin – 89 mg/100 g; in powdered barberry: epigallocatechin – 173, catechin – 111, and epicatechin – 74 mg/100 g. The antiradical activity in relation to trolox equivalent was 7560 mg/100 g in powdered viburnum and 9460 mg/100 g in powdered barberry.
Conclusion. The obtained viburnum and barberry powders can fortify food with biologically active substances and expand the range of functional products.