bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and synthesis of composite films with excellent microwave absorption performance using polydimethylsiloxane as flexible frame
Authors: Li Songyan , Tian Xiaoxia , Wang Jiafu , Ma Lisi , Li Chenchen , Qin Zhe , Qu Shaobo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe preparation of flexible ultra‐thin microwave absorption composite films for practical application is a known challenge. In this work, we use polydimethylsiloxane as the frame, extra conducting electric carbon black and carbonyl iron powder as absorbents. The microwave absorption performances of composite films can be well adjusted by changing the mass ratio of extra conducting electric carbon black and carbonyl iron powder. Meanwhile, the maximum reflection loss can reach −50.53 dB with a thickness of 1.63 mm, while the effective absorption bandwidth can achieve 4.80 GHz at a 1.48 mm thickness. The excellent microwave absorption performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of good impedance matching, magnetic loss, dielectric loss and conduction loss. Importantly, the preparation of this ultra‐thin composite film explores the application of polydimethylsiloxane as a flexible framework material in microwave absorption field.
Organic solvents enhance polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol self‐healing hydrogels for artificial cartilage
Authors: Ye Zishuo , Lu Hailin , Jia Endong , Chen Jian , Fu Lifeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have potential applications in bionic articular cartilage due to their good biocompatibility and low friction. However, the lack of adequate mechanical properties is a key obstacle for PVA hydrogels to replace natural cartilage. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced into the PVA hydrogel, and the (PVA/PEG) composite gels were prepared by a blending physical cross‐linking method. The PVA/PEG gels were treated with a simple and novel organic solvent immersion dehydration to improve its mechanical and tribological properties. And the using of organic solvents for dehydration changed the network structure of the PVA/PEG gels, which improved the mechanical properties effectively. In this study, the effects of different organic solvents on the tribological properties, swelling ratio, shore hardness, and dehydration rate of PVA/PEG hydrogels were investigated. Compared with natural drying, organic solvent dehydration reduced the gel formation time. Notably, the organic solvent dehydration treatment reduces the wear rate of PE ball friction pair to 27.4% of the original amount, improving wear resistance. Meanwhile, self‐healing and cellular immune assays demonstrated the excellent biocompatibility and self‐healing ability of the PVA/PEG gels. This study provides a new candidate material for the design of articular cartilage, which is expected to advance the progress of artificial cartilage repair.
Effect of surface modified magnesium sulfate whisker on crystallization and mechanical properties of polybutylene succinate composites
Authors: Hou Hongbo , Pu Zejun , Zhu Rongli , Wang Xu , Li Xianyong , Yu Dayang , Wu Fang , Zhong Jiachun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, the M@MgSO4 whiskers (MOSw) are successfully prepared by the surface treatment of MOSw. Then, using polybutylene succinate (PBS) as the matrix and M@MOSw as the filler, the PBS/M@MOSw and PBS/MOSw composite films were prepared. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy results show that the PBS was successfully coated on the surface of MOSw. With the introduction of the M@MOSw, it has been improved the MOSw and the PBS dispersibility and interface compatibility obviously. After the addition of the M@MOSw or MOSw in the PBS‐based composites, not only does the crystallization rate improve, but also the crystal size and structure changes. The PBS/M@MOSw composites show excellent mechanical properties. When the with 10 wt% M@MOSw loading, the tensile strength of the PBS/M@MOSw composites is 34.67 MPa, which is 9.3% higher than that of pure PBS. Meanwhile, when the M@MOSw with 20 wt% loading, the bending strength of PBS/M@MOSw increases significantly, reaching 45.26 MPa, which is improved 35.55% than that of pure PBS.
Molecular characteristics, mechanism of synthesis, adhesive properties of graft copolymer of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid
Authors: Rafikov Adham Salimovich , Khodjaeva Saodat Adilbekovna , Karimov Sardorbek Khodjibaevich , Ibragimov Abdusattar Turgunivich 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSynthesized graft copolymers of chloroprene rubber with acrylic acid in a solution of a mixture of dimethylformamide and benzene, in the presence of potassium persulfate. The gravimetric method determined the orders of the reaction rate by the concentrations of acrylic acid (2.0) and potassium persulfate (1.2), the total activation energy of the process (24.4 kJ/mol). It was found that the degree of grafting increases up to 140% with an increase in the concentration of the monomer, initiator, temperature, and process time. The efficiency of grafting changes insignificantly with changes in synthesis conditions and has a high value (67%–91%) over a wide range of concentrations, temperatures, and times. With an increase in the concentration of acrylic acid and a process time of up to 8 h, the molecular weight of the grafted polyacrylic acid chains increases to 38,000. IR Fourier,1H, and13C NMR spectroscopic studies established the mechanism of graft copolymerization. Radical active centers are formed as a result of hydrogen abstraction from the rubber molecule after interaction with potassium persulfate. Copolymers synthesized at a mass ratio of rubber:acrylic acid from 1:0.5 to 1:2, have excellent adhesion to the surface of the skin and textile material.
Comparing fluoroscopic versus ultrasound guidance in glenohumeral joint aspiration
Authors: Provo Justin , Teramoto Masaru , Foley Justin , Roesly Heather , Gee Christopher , Cushman Daniel M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundJoint aspiration is a common technique used to aid in the diagnosis of glenohumeral pathology. Fluoroscopy and ultrasound are both used as image‐guidance methods to increase the accuracy of the procedure. There are no prior studies comparing the ability of these two methods to obtain joint fluid.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether fluoroscopy or ultrasound‐image guidance more often obtains fluid from the glenohumeral joint and which technique obtains a greater amount of fluid.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle academic orthopedic clinic.PatientsA total of 206 patients undergoing glenohumeral aspiration, generally to rule out infection.InterventionsFluoroscopic‐ or ultrasound‐guided joint aspirations, performed by numerous physicians.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary was the successful aspiration of at least 0.1 mL of joint fluid; secondary was the total amount of joint fluid obtained.ResultsThere was no significant difference in rate of successful aspirations between ultrasound (69.4% successful; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 54.4%, 84.5%) and fluoroscopy (70.6% successful; 95% CI = 63.7%, 77.4%). The amounts of fluid obtained by fluoroscopy and ultrasound did not differ significantly (p = .349; mean ± standard deviation [SD] = 7.1 ± 12.6 vs. 10.0 ± 16.8 mL; median [interquartile range [IQR] = 3 [7] vs. 5 [8.75] mL). Sub‐analysis showed that significantly more fluid was obtained with fluoroscopy in patients with a >35 body mass index (BMI) (adjusted mean = 7.9 mL; 95% CI = 4.3, 11.5) when compared with ultrasound (2.3 mL; 95% CI = 0.6, 4.0).ConclusionsFluoroscopic‐ and ultrasound‐guided aspirations of the glenohumeral joint demonstrate similar success in obtaining fluid. For nonobese patients, ultrasound guidance is typically less expensive, office‐based, less uncomfortable, and allows for dynamic visualization. For obese patients, fluoroscopy appears to have an advantage with respect to the amount of fluid obtained. Prospective studies are warranted to make more robust conclusions.
New insights into cypermethrin insecticide resistance mechanisms of Culex pipiens pallens by proteome analysis
Authors: Zhang Chongxing , Guo Xiuxia , Li Tao , Cheng Peng , Gong Maoqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, with worldwide mosquito‐borne diseases resurgence in recent years, recent advances in proteome technology have facilitated a proteome‐wide analysis of insecticide resistance‐associated proteins in mosquitoes. Understanding the complexity of the molecular basis of insecticide resistance mechanisms employed by mosquitoes will help in designing the most effective and sustainable mosquito control methods.RESULTSAfter 30 generations, insecticide‐selected strains showed elevated resistance levels to the cypermethrin used for selection. Proteome data allowed the detection of 2892 proteins, of which 2885 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) achieved quantitative significances in four stages (egg, larvae, pupae, adult) of Culex pipiens pallens cypermethrin‐resistant strain as compared to the susceptible strain. Among them, a significant enrichment of proteins, including cuticular proteins, enzymes involved in the detoxification (cytochrome P450, glutathione S‐transferases, esterase, ATP‐binding cassette) and some biological pathways (oxidative phosphorylation, hippo signalling) that are potentially involved in cypermethrin resistance, was observed. Thirty‐one representative DEPs (cytochrome P450, glutathione S‐transferase, cuticle protein) during Cx. pipiens pallens developmental stages were confirmed by a parallel reaction monitoring strategy.CONCLUSIONSThe present study confirmed the power of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification for identifying concomitantly quantitative proteome changes associated with cypermethrin in Cx. pipiens pallens. Proteome analysis suggests that proteome modifications can be selected rapidly by cypermethrin, and multiple resistance mechanisms operate simultaneously in cypermethrin‐resistance of Cx. pipiens pallens, Our results interpret that an up‐regulated expression of proteins and enzymes like cytochrome P450, glutathione S‐transferases, esterase etc. has an impact in insecticide resistance. Previously neglected penetration resistance (cuticular proteins) may play an important role in the adaptive response of Cx. pipiens pallens to insecticides. This information may serve as a basis for future work concerning the possible role of these proteins in cypermethrin resistance in mosquito Cx. pipiens pallens. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characteristics of book talks aboutNature of Science
Authors: Leden Lotta , Hansson Lena , Thulin Susanne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study explores book talks as an approach to teaching Nature of Science (NOS) to young children (4–6 years old). To teach about NOS means to, in one way or another, focus on the processes, humans that build science knowledge, as well as the characteristics and limits of scientific knowledge. Previous research in this area has studied the representation of NOS in science trade books and suggested ways for teachers to highlight this content, specifically in relation to books that have been rendered “exemplary” for teaching NOS. This study focuses on the actual conversations (i.e., book talks) between teachers and children related to science trade books that are available in bookstores. The aim of the study was to contribute further knowledge about the characteristics of book talks related to such books when they are used as an approach to teaching NOS. Book talks (N = 58) between two teachers and their respective groups of children were audiorecorded and transcribed. The results contribute by shedding light on how teachers use the book as a resource in combination with other resources to highlight various aspects of NOS during book talks. This is important since it shows how book talks as an approach to NOS teaching can be staged even if exemplary books are not available. A tentative model that can scaffold teachers' didactic analysis is presented.
Biologically Emulated Flexible Sensors With High Sensitivity and Low Hysteresis: Toward Electronic Skin to a Sense of Touch
Authors: Guo Xiaohui , Zhou Deyi , Hong Weiqiang , Wang Dandan , Liu Tianqi , Wang Di , Liu Long , Yu Shencheng , Song Yanjun , Bai Su , Li Yewei , Hong Qi , Zhao Yunong , Xiang Lei , Mai Zhihong , Xing Guozhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecently, flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) have attracted intensive attention owing to their ability to mimic and function as electronic skin. Some sensors are exploited with a biological structure dielectric layer for high sensitivity and detection. However, traditional sensors with bionic structures usually suffer from a limited range for high‐pressure scenes due to their high sensitivity and high hysteresis in the medium pressure range. Here, a reconfigurable flea bionic structure FPS based on 3D printing technology, which can meet the needs of different scenes via tailoring of the dedicated structural parameters, is proposed. FPS exhibits high sensitivity (1.005 kPa−1 in 0–1 kPa), wide detection range (200 kPa), high repeatability (6000 cycles in 10 kPa), low hysteresis (1.3%), fast response time (40 ms), and very low detection limit (0.5 Pa). Aiming at practical application implementation, FPS has been correspondingly placed on a finger, elbow, arm, neck, cheek, and manipulators to detect the actions of various body parts, suggestive of excellent applicability. It is also integrated to make a flexible 3 × 3 sensor array for detecting spatial pressure distribution. The results indicate that FPS exhibits a significant application potential in advanced biological wearable technologies, such as human motion monitoring.
Comparison performance of coagulation flocculation process and combination with ozonation process of stabilized landfill leachate treatment
Authors: Zakaria Siti Nor Farhana , Abdul Aziz Hamidi , Mohamad Maheera 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLandfill leachate is well known as a hazardous byproduct from dumpling sites that has a negative impact on the environment and human life. Therefore, an effective treatment is imperative to overcome this issue. This research study investigates the effectiveness of zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) as a coagulant in leachate treatment. Two parameters selected as a performance indicator in this study are color and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The data obtained showed that SnCl4 performed well as a coagulant with removal percentages of color and COD, which are 97% and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, the potential of integrated treatment using ozonation (O3) and the coagulation‐flocculation process was also investigated. Four sequences of integrated treatment setup for this study were ozonation followed by jar test (ZrCl4 as a coagulant), ozonation followed by jar test (SnCl4 as a coagulant), jar test (ZrCl4 as a coagulant) followed by the ozonation process, and jar test (SnCl4 as a coagulant) followed by the ozonation process. The experimental data showed that the combination treatment of SnCl4 as a coagulant (jar test) followed by the ozonation process had recorded the highest removal of color (97.1%) and COD (88%) compared to other sequences. Moreover, the biodegradability ratio of this sequence also improved from 0.03 to 0.28, compared with other methods. Comparatively, integrated treatment is more effective in treating stabilized landfill leachate compared to the coagulation flocculation process alone.Practitioner Points

Stabilized landfill leachate is difficult to be treated by natural coagulants or biological process.
SnCl4 performed well as a coagulant in removing COD and colour from landfill leachate compared to ZrCl4.
However, too much usage of SnCl4 potentially generate secondary pollutant. Therefore, combination with O3 as pre‐treatment is investigated.
Combination treatment of SnCl4 ( as coagulant) with O3 had recorded the highest removal of colour (97.1%) and COD (88%).
The biodegradability ratio of this sequence also improved from 0.03 to 0.28.
Aerobic post‐treatment of effluent from anaerobic reactors fed with residues from 1G and 2G sugarcane biorefineries
Authors: Procópio Paula Fontoura , de Aquino Sérgio Francisco , Adarme Oscar Fernando Herrera 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate an activated sludge system as a post‐treatment step of anaerobic effluents from the co‐digestion of sugarcane vinasse and hemicelluloses hydrolysate. The system consisted, initially, of a two‐stage anaerobic system followed by a continuously fed activated sludge, all in bench scale. After adaptation of aerobic microorganisms to effluent conditions, the anaerobic digestion was conducted in a single‐stage anaerobic reactor, increasing the influent organic loading rate (OLR) of activated sludge from 0.73 to an average of 2.36 gCOD/L·day. Under optimal conditions (12‐h hydraulic retention time [HRT]), a 62 ± 9% efficiency was observed on the aerobic post‐treatment, resulting in effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 414.3 ± 95 mg/L. Overall efficiency of the combined system (anaerobic + aerobic) averaged 88 ± 3%. Influent and effluent characteristics were then analyzed by Folin‐Ciocalteau method, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for identification of potentially toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Compounds that absorb light within the visible spectra were well removed by the combined treatment system. Most compounds identified by GC–MS in the influent were completely removed by aerobic microorganisms. Saturated fatty acids such as adipic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid were observed in the final effluent, as well as other potentially toxic compounds such as stigmasterol, di‐isobutyl phthalate, and benzene. Activated sludge proved to be an efficient post‐treatment for anaerobic co‐digestion, able to cope with changes of anaerobic effluent quality and providing a final effluent of stable organic load. However, phenol removal was not efficient and further studies could be performed to optimize its degradation.Practitioner Points

Conventional activated sludge with a 12‐h HRT was capable of handling significant OLR variation, providing a final effluent with lower and stable COD concentration.
Glucose addition for carbon supplementation was necessary during the start‐up of activated sludge.
Compounds that absorb light within the visible spectra were mostly removed by the combined (anaerobic–aerobic) treatment system.
Most potentially toxic compounds were well removed in the post‐treatment system.
Saturated fatty acids, VFA, phenols, and low molecular weight aromatic compounds remained in the final effluent.
A phase Ⅱ prospective trial of photobiomodulation therapy in limiting oral mucositis in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Taylor Janielle K.‐A. , Mady Leila J. , Baddour Khalil , Iheagwara Uzoma K. , Zhai Shuyan , Ohr James P. , Zandberg Daniel P. , Gorantla Vikram C. , Ferris Robert L. , Kim Seungwon , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Kubik Mark W. , Sridharan Shaum , Johnson Jonas T. , Holeva Karen D. , Quinn Annette E. , Clump David A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the historical incidence rate of severe oral mucositis (OM) in head and neck cancer patients undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT) versus a prospective cohort of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with prophylactic photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT).MethodsThis US‐based, institutional, single‐arm, phase Ⅱ prospective clinical trial was initiated in 50 patients (age ≥ 18 years, Karnofsky Performance Scale Index > 60, with locally advanced HNSCC (excluding oral cavity) receiving definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) with concurrent platinum‐based chemotherapy (CT). PBMT was delivered three times per week throughout RT utilizing both an intraoral as well extraoral delivery system. Primary outcome measure was incidence of severe OM utilizing both the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, version 4.0 (NCI‐CTCAE) Grade ≥3 and the World Health Organization Mucositis Grading Scale (WHO) Grade ≥3 versus historical controls; secondary outcome measures included time to onset of severe OM following therapy initiation.ResultsAt baseline, all patients included in final analysis (N = 47) had OM Grade 0. Average RT and CT dose was (66.3 ± 5.1) Gy and (486.1 ± 106.8) mg/m2, respectively. Severe OM was observed in 11 of 47 patients (23%, confidence interval: 12, 38). OM toxicity grade trended upward during treatment, reaching a maximum at 7 weeks (WHO: 1.8 vs. NCI‐CTCAE: 1.7). Subsequently, OM grade returned to baseline 3 months following completion of RT. The mean time to onset of severe OM was (35 ± 12) days. The mean time to resolution of severe OM was (37 ± 37) days.ConclusionsCompared to historical outcomes, PBMT aides in decreasing severe OM in patients with locally advanced HNSCC. PBMT represents a minimally invasive, prophylactic intervention to decrease OM as a major treatment‐related side effect.
Policy: Energy Demand and Welfare in the UK
Authors: Butler Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a detailed discussion of contemporary UK energy demand policy and welfare policy. These two areas of policy form the focus of the empirical research that will be utilised to examine and develop the conceptual ideas discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. Through this chapter, I first discuss policies relating to fuel poverty, contextualising them in relation to wider energy demand strategies, before going on to address welfare policy with focus on contemporary reforms. In concluding the chapter, I explore existing forms of interconnection for these different policy areas and issues, explicating some of the key challenges that arise for thinking across different domains.
Invisible Energy Policy and Energy Capabilities
Authors: Butler Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores the value of bringing thought about invisible energy policy together with key analytic endeavours in the field of energy poverty. It uses empirical material to develop understanding of how capabilities that are linked to experiences of energy deprivation are shaped by (non-energy) policy. Within this, the chapter explores the potential for the invisible energy policy orientation to advance existing work related to the ways that wider discourses and framings shape experiences of energy poverty issues. The chapter gives particular focus to the implications of relations between discourses of fuel poverty and those of broader poverty, arising from energy and welfare policy, respectively, extending analysis by exploring how such discourses act upon subjects in ways that affect possibilities for challenging conditions of energy poverty.