bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Phosphate Buffered Saline and Aqueous Extracts of Aloe barbadensis Miller Leaf Latex and Gel from Three Counties of Kenya
Authors: Nakiguli Caroline K. , Kosgei Viola J. , Cherutoi Jackson K. , Odda John 
Published: March 2022

Aims: Aloe barbadensis Miller (A. barbadensis) is one of the most treasured species from the Aloe genus that has been used in management of various ailments. However, there are few reports on the secondary metabolites, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities of its leaf latex and gel. This study aimed at comparing the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and distilled water extracts of latex and gel of A. barbadensis leaves from Kisumu, Elgeyo Marakwet and Baringo Counties of Kenya, East Africa.
Study Design: The study employed quantitative and qualitative research designs.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences and Aerospace Studies, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya between May 2021 and August 2021.
Methodology: Leaf samples were extracted by maceration using distilled water and PBS. Phytochemical screening was performed following standard screening procures while TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau method, Aluminum Chloride colorimetric assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with Tukey post hoc test at P = .05. Correlations among TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity of the extracts were assessed using Pearson’s bivariate correlation. The analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism for windows (v9.0, GraphPad Software, California, USA).
Results: Phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, terpenes and quinones as the main secondary metabolites in the extracts. TPC and TFC were found to be highest for the aqueous extracts, with the highest contents (102.393 ± 0.121 mg GAE/ g DW and 47.228 ± 0.248 mg QE / g DW) being for dry latex of leaves from Baringo. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 21.900 ± 0.0594 mg/mL) was for aqueous extract of fresh latex of leaves from Baringo, followed by those from Elgeyo Marakwet and then Kisumu.
Conclusion: This study established that dry and fresh latex and gel extracts of A. barbadensis leaves possess therapeutic phytochemicals with antioxidant activities, which support their use in traditional phytomedicine in Kenya.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Caroline Iruoma Anyakorah , Enobong Reginald Essien , Motunrayo Ojubanire , Ezinwa Igbo Ukachi 
Published: March 2022

Aims: The study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous AgNO3 using phytochemicals present in Pleurotus ostreatus and assess the AgNPs antibacterial activity on Bacillus subtilis and Providencia rettgeri.
Study design: Experimental/Analytical.
Place and Duration of Study: Bells University of Technology between December 2020 and August 2021.
Methodology: The mushroom was washed, dried, pulverized and 5g stirred into 100ml deionized water. The solution was sonicated using ultrasonic cleaner at 40 oC for 40 min, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered, and 1ml filtrate was mixed with 9 ml of 10mM AgNO3. After the reaction period, the mixture was centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 15 min. The residues were washed thrice with deionized water and dried.
Synthesis of AgNPs was monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Antibacterial analysis was done by agar well diffusion using gentamicin as control.
Results: A dark brown colour change and UV visible spectroscopy peak at 400 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of functional groups involved in the reduction of AgNO3. GCMS performed on the methanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus showed the presence of 37 organic compounds, among them were cathecol, hydroquinone and phenols etc. Antimicrobial activity revealed that AgNPs inhibited the growth of B. subtilis and P. rettgeri.
Conclusion: The study revealed that Pleurotus ostreatus effectively synthesized AgNPs and the AgNPs inhibited the growth of Providencia rettgeri and Bacillus subtilis and can play major roles in the field of medical and pharmaceutical nanotechnology.
QAMaster: A new software framework for phantom‐based computed tomography quality assurance
Authors: Karius Andre , Bert Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe regular evaluation of imaging performance of computed tomography (CT) scanners is essential for CT quality assurance. For automation of this process, the software QAMaster was developed at the Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, which provides based on CT scans of the CatPhan® 504 (The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, USA) automated image quality analysis and documentation by evaluating CT number accuracy, spatial linearity, uniformity, contrast‐noise‐ratio, spatial resolution, noise, and slice thickness. Dose assessment is supported by calculations of the weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIw) and weighted cone beam dose index (CBDIw).QAMaster was tested with CatPhan® 504 scans and compared to manual evaluations of these scans, whereby high consistency of the respective results was observed. The CT numbers, spatial linearity, uniformity, contrast‐noise‐ratio, noise, and slice thickness deviated by only (0.13 ± 0.25) HU, (0.02 ± 0.05) mm, (−0.01 ± 0.03)%, 0.8 ± 1.8, (0.131 ± 0.05) HU, and (0.004 ± 0.005) mm between both evaluations, respectively. The QAMaster results for spatial resolution did not differ significantly (p = 0.34) from the CatPhan® 504 based manual resolution assessment. Dose computations were fully consistent between QAMaster and manual calculations. Thus, QAMaster proved to be a comprehensive and functional software for performing an automated CT quality assurance routine. QAMaster will be open‐source after its release.
The Structural Origin of Chiroptical Properties in Perovskite Nanocrystals with Chiral Organic Ligands
Authors: Kim Young‐Hoon , Song Ruyi , Hao Ji , Zhai Yaxin , Yan Liang , Moot Taylor , Palmstrom Axel F. , Brunecky Roman , You Wei , Berry Joseph J. , Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Beard Matthew C. , Blum Volker , Luther Joseph M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe authors investigate how chiral ligands attached to perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) surfaces structurally distort the perovskite lattice. Chiral electro‐optical properties of the resulting PNCs are demonstrated through the fabrication of a circularly polarized light (CPL) detector with a discrimination of up to 14% between left‐ and right‐handed CPL. Both experimental and electronic‐structure‐based simulations are combined to provide insights into the interactions (both structural and electronic) between chiral organic ligands and PNCs. The major finding is a centro‐asymmetric distortion of the surface lattice that penetrates up to five atomic unit cells deep into the PNCs, which is the likely cause of the chiral‐optical properties. Spin‐polarized transport through chiral‐PNCs results from the chiral‐induced spin selectivity effect and amplifies the discrimination between left and right‐handed CPL as is experimentally demonstrated in the detectors.
Deep‐Ultraviolet Micro‐LEDs Exhibiting High Output Power and High Modulation Bandwidth Simultaneously
Authors: Li Duo , Liu Shangfeng , Qian Zeyuan , Liu Quanfeng , Zhou Kang , Liu Dandan , Sheng Shanshan , Sheng Bowen , Liu Fang , Chen Zhaoying , Wang Ping , Wang Tao , Rong Xin , Tao Renchun , Kang Jianbin , Chen Feiliang , Kang Junjie , Yuan Ye , Wang Qi , Sun Ming , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Tian Pengfei , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeep‐ultraviolet (DUV) solar‐blind communication (SBC) shows distinct advantages of non‐line‐of‐sight propagation and background noise negligibility over conventional visible‐light communication. AlGaN‐based DUV micro‐light‐emitting diodes (µ‐LEDs) are an excellent candidate for a DUV‐SBC light source due to their small size, low power consumption, and high modulation bandwidth. A long‐haul DUV‐SBC system requires the light source exhibiting high output power, high modulation bandwidth, and high rate, simultaneously. Such a device is rarely reported. A parallel‐arrayed planar (PAP) approach is here proposed to satisfy those requirements. By reducing the dimensions of the active emission mesa to micrometer scale, DUV µ‐LEDs with ultrahigh power density are created due to their homogeneous injection current and enhanced planar isotropic light emission. Interconnected PAP µ‐LEDs with a diameter of 25 µm are produced. This device has an output power of 83.5 mW with a density of 405 W cm−2 at 230 mA, a wall‐plug efficiency (WPE) of 4.7% at 155 mA, and a high −3 dB modulation bandwidth of 380 MHz. The remarkable high output power and efficiency make those devices a reliable platform to develop high‐modulation‐bandwidth wireless communication and to meet the requirements for bio‐elimination.
Local Plasmon Phase Delay Effect in Plasmon–Exciton Coupling
Authors: Hu Aiqin , Zhang Weidong , Liu Wenjing , Jiang Hong , Ye Lulu , Gu Ying , Xue Zhaohang , Lin Hai , Tang Jinglin , Gong Qihuang , Lu Guowei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractManipulating plasmon–exciton coupling is a pivotal desire for many potential applications. Here, it is found that the plasmonic phase delay can modulate the interference‐induced asymmetrical spectrum line shape of the plasmon–exciton coupling system considerably. The phase effect in a hybrid system consisting of monolayer WSe2 and an individual gold nanorod is demonstrated. The phase delay can modulate the relative intensities of the coupling modes but not the splitting energy, effective in both weak and strong coupling regimes. There is an excellent agreement between the numerical calculations and the experimental results. The findings reveal that the local phase delay can act as an effective way to manipulate plasmon−exciton coupling properties at the nanoscale.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Alkyl Formamide Activation: Tandem Oxidative Coupling Approach for the Construction of C−N and C−O Bonds to Synthesize 3‐Alkyl‐1,3‐Benzoxazine‐2,4‐Dione and 4‐Methylene‐3‐Alkyl‐1,3‐Benzoxazine‐2‐One Derivatives
Authors: Srinivasulu A. , Vani D. , Kumar G. Sathish , Shantharjun B. , Chahal Kapil , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Reddy K. Rajender 
Published: March 2022

AbstractN‐alkyl formamide activation by using of copper/oxidant system via tandem/domino reaction pathway to construct C−N/C−O bond formation is reported. This protocol elucidated a method for the synthesis of pharmaceutically interested 3‐alkyl‐1,3‐benzoxazine‐2,4‐dione and 1,3‐methylene‐3‐alkyl‐benzoxazine‐2‐one derivatives without the aid of toxic chemicals such as phosgene or its derivatives.magnified image
Morphological correlates of distal fibular morphology with locomotion in great apes, humans, and Australopithecus afarensis
Authors: Marchi Damiano , Rimoldi Andreas , García‐Martínez Daniel , Bastir Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies highlighted the importance of the fibula to further our understanding of locomotor adaptations in fossil hominins. In this study, we present a three‐dimensional geometric morphometric (3D‐GM) investigation of the distal fibula in extant hominids and Australopithecus afarensis with the aim of pointing out morphological correlations to arboreal behavior.MethodsThree‐dimensional surface meshes of the distal fibula were obtained using computer tomography for 40 extant hominid specimens and laser scanner for five A. afarensis specimens. Distal fibula morphology was quantified positioning 11 fixed landmarks, 40 curve semilandmarks, and 20 surface landmarks on each specimen. A generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) was carried out on all landmark coordinates followed by Procrustes ANOVA. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the GPA‐aligned shape coordinates. Kruskal‐Wallis tests and Mann–Whitney test were performed on scores along PCs.ResultsGreat apes are characterized by a shorter subcutaneous triangular surface (STS), more downward facing fibulotalar articular facets, more anteriorly facing lateral malleolus and wider/deeper malleolar fossa than humans. Within great apes, orangutans are characterized by more medially facing fibulotalar articular facets. Australopithecus afarensis shows a unique distal fibular morphology with several traits that are generally associated more to arboreality and less to bipedalism such as a short STS, a more anteriorly facing, laterally pointing malleolus and deeper and larger malleolar fossa.ConclusionsThe distal fibula morphology is indicative of locomotor patterns within extant hominids. The 3D‐GM method presented here can be successfully used to further our understanding of arboreal adaptations in fossil hominins.
Furcate umbilical cord insertion with a bilobed placenta identified on prenatal ultrasonography
Authors: Smith Megan , McCullum Bethany 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA furcate cord insertion is a rare finding, which increases the risk of adverse fetal outcomes. There are few reports of prenatal detection in the literature. We present a case of prenatally detected furcate cord insertion, diagnosed at 39 weeks’ gestation and delivered by elective caesarean section. The neonate was small for dates, but this finding was non‐specific due to smoking during pregnancy. No other adverse effects to the fetus were found. The placenta required manual removal after attempted cord traction resulted in vessel avulsion at the furcate cord insertion site. Further research is required to develop recommendations for the safe management of this condition.
Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Crivelli Lucia , Palmer Katie , Calandri Ismael , Guekht Alla , Beghi Ettore , Carroll William , Frontera Jennifer , García‐Azorín David , Westenberg Erica , Winkler Andrea Sylvia , Mangialasche Francesca , Allegri Ricardo F. , Kivipelto Miia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the cognitive effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in adults with no prior history of cognitive impairment.MethodsSearches in Medline/Web of Science/Embase from January 1, 2020, to December 13, 2021, were performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A meta‐analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score comparing recovered COVID‐19 and healthy controls was performed.ResultsOof 6202 articles, 27 studies with 2049 individuals were included (mean age = 56.05 years, evaluation time ranged from the acute phase to 7 months post‐infection). Impairment in executive functions, attention, and memory were found in post‐COVID‐19 patients. The meta‐analysis was performed with a subgroup of 290 individuals and showed a difference in MoCA score between post‐COVID‐19 patients versus controls (mean difference = −0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.59, −0.29; P = .0049).DiscussionPatients recovered from COVID‐19 have lower general cognition compared to healthy controls up to 7 months post‐infection.
Tripartite Quantum Correlations under Power‐Law and Random Telegraph Noises: Collective Effects of Markovian and Non‐Markovian Classical Fields
Authors: Rahman Atta Ur , Haddadi Saeed , Pourkarimi Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe collective effects of Markovian and non‐Markovian classical fields on the dynamics of entanglement, coherence, and quantum state mixing in a three‐qubit mixed entangled state are examined. Three independent local fields are considered to be influenced by the decoherence effects of two different mixed noisy models: Markovian maximized and non‐Markovian maximized local random configurations. Power‐law noise characterizes two classical environments in the first case, whereas random telegraph noise governs the third. Random telegraph noise rules two classical environments in the latter example, whereas power‐law noise governs the third. In classical fields, non‐Markovian effects are more robust and have a stronger character than Markovian effects, yet both are driven by relevant noises. Non‐Markovianity vanishes at the upper bound of the Markovian noise parameters. Markovian effects are found to be vulnerable to the environments non‐Markovianity and longer memory features. The strength of Markovianity and non‐Markovianity is only moderately affected by the type of environment, but noise parameter optimization has a significant impact. Initial and final limits are provided for the restriction and relaxation in Markovianity and non‐Markovianity of the classical fields for the actual deployment of non‐local protocols.
Investigation of Carboxylic Acid Isosteres and Prodrugs for Inhibition of the Human SIRT5 Lysine Deacylase Enzyme**
Authors: Rajabi Nima , Hansen Tobias N. , Nielsen Alexander L. , Nguyen Huy T. , Bæk Michael , Bolding Julie. E. , Bahlke Oskar Ø. , Petersen Sylvester E. G. , Bartling Christian R. O. , Strømgaard Kristian , Olsen Christian A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a protein lysine deacylase enzyme that regulates diverse biology by hydrolyzing ϵ‐N‐carboxyacyllysine posttranslational modifications in the cell. Inhibition of SIRT5 has been linked to potential treatment of several cancers but potent compounds with activity in cells have been lacking. Here we developed mechanism‐based inhibitors that incorporate isosteres of a carboxylic acid residue that is important for high‐affinity binding to the enzyme active site. By masking of the tetrazole moiety of the most potent candidate from our initial SAR study, we achieved potent and cytoselective growth inhibition for the treatment of SIRT5‐dependent leukemic cancer cell lines in culture. Thus, we provide an efficient, cellularly active small molecule that targets SIRT5, which can help elucidate its function and potential as a future drug target. This work shows that masked isosteres of carboxylic acids are viable chemical motifs for the development of inhibitors that target mitochondrial enzymes, which may have applications beyond the sirtuin field.
Organische Vier‐Elektronen Redox‐Systeme basierend auf Bipyridin‐ und Phenanthrolin‐Carben‐Architekturen
Authors: Antoni Patrick W. , Golz Christopher , Hansmann Max M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNeuartige organische Redoxsysteme, die ein mehrstufiges Redoxverhalten aufweisen, sind für eine Reihe von Anwendungen von besonderem Interesse, wie z. B. organische Batterien oder elektrochrome Materialien. Hier beschreiben wir eine einfache Synthesestrategie, um bekannte zwei‐Elektronen redoxaktive Bipyridine in stark reduzierende vier‐Elektronen Redox‐Systeme zu überführen. Diese zeichnen sich durch eine vollständig reversible Redoxchemie sowie bis zu fünf isolierbare Oxidationsstufen aus. Wir geben strukturelle und spektroskopische Einblicke in die Redox‐Ereignisse begleitenden Änderungen und präsentieren Charakterisierungsdaten zu allen isolierten Oxidationszuständen. Die Redoxsysteme weisen starke UV/Vis/NIR polyelektrochrome Eigenschaften auf, wie z. B. ausgeprägte, intensive NIR‐Absorptionen in den gemischtvalenten Zuständen. Zwei‐Elektronen Ladungs/Entladungs‐Studien weisen auf eine hohe elektrochemische Stabilität bei stark negativen Potentialen hin, was die neuen Redox‐Architekturen zu vielversprechenden Leitstrukturen für Multi‐Elektronen Anolyt‐Materialien macht.
Synthesis and properties of new siloxane with terminal azodyes functions based on eugenol
Authors: Ryzhkov Aleksei I. , Drozdov Fedor V. , Cherkaev Georgij V. , Buzin Mihail I. , Svidchenko Evgeniya A. , Muzafarov Aziz M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurrently, there is little literature data about the production of colored siloxanes with covalently bound dyes. However, the demand for such products remains very high. Colored siloxanes are needed in various fields: microfluidic devices, sensors, photosensitive materials. In this work, two azo dyes based on commercially available natural phenol, eugenol, were obtained: phenylazoeugenol (AE) and bis(phenylazo)eugenol (BAE). The dyes were introduced into the hydrosilylation reaction with siloxanes of different chain lengths (trisiloxane, pentasiloxane, and polysiloxanes). The siloxanes functionalized with dyes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, GPC, TGA, and DSC. The optical properties of the resulting compounds were investigated. It has been shown that high‐molecular colored siloxanes mix perfectly with organosilicon liquids and have an intense color even with the addition of small amounts of dye (1 wt. %), which makes these products very promising for producing colored damping fluids that will make it possible to detect the leakage of PMS in the machines and eliminate the problem in time.
The psychological impacts of community‐based protected areas
Authors: Yasué Maï , Kockel Alessia , Dearden Philip 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This cross‐sectional and mixed‐methods study uses Self‐Determination Theory and the Theory of Basic Human Values to investigate changes in motivations, attitudes, beliefs and values following the establishment of community‐based marine protected areas (MPAs).
Open‐ended and retrospective questions, as well as survey instruments, were used in six communities with different‐aged (new: 1–3 years old, medium‐aged: 5–11 years old and old: 20–25 years old) MPAs in the Philippines. Respondents included both community members either involved (n = 101) or not involved (n = 108) in MPA management.
Respondents reported increased appreciation for the benefits of MPAs and more positive attitudes about MPAs over time. In comparison to respondents from communities with new MPAs, respondents in communities with medium‐aged and old MPAs identified a wider range of MPA impacts on themselves (e.g. new friendships, learning and greater pro‐environmental values), their community (e.g. increased fish catch, social capital), and on ecosystems (e.g. different species and ecosystems‐types). Similarly, respondents from medium‐aged and old MPAs had fewer non‐autonomous motivations (i.e. motivations arising externally, such as social status or pay) to engage in MPA management and also had higher self‐transcendence values, such as caring for nature.
These results suggest that community‐based MPAs may encourage psychological shifts in communities such as greater autonomous motivation to care for nature and enhanced self‐transcendence values, both of which may support conservation. By developing a more holistic approach to assessing the multi‐faceted impacts of community‐based conservation, this type of psychological research helps to identify and prioritize timely actions in the establishment and maintenance of resilient and sustainable community‐based MPAs.