bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the role of ‘biological evidence’ in zoo and aquarium enrichment practices
Authors: Brereton J , Rose P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvidence-based approaches are key to advancing all areas of zoo and aquarium practice. Output from empirical study must be disseminated to those within the industry so that results can support changes to husbandry and management for individual species. Information on enrichment techniques is published in a range of sources, including papers in the peer-reviewed and ‘grey literature’ (ie professional but non-reviewed publications). To investigate how evidence is implemented into enrichment practices, we sampled all enrichment studies identified in one online repository of peer-reviewed papers and two grey literature publications across an eleven-year period. We recorded whether the enrichment was supported with biological evidence (whether it was developed using published enrichment-focused research for that species and/or with the species’ ecology and behaviour information) alongside analysis of the type of enrichment used and the chosen study species. Enrichment articles were more likely to be supported by biological evidence in peer-reviewed than grey literature. Taxonomic differences in the use of evidence were noted; for example, enrichment provided to carnivores and parrots was more likely to be supported with biological evidence compared to that used for penguins. Of the five enrichment types, nutritional enrichment was most often based on biological evidence. Multi-category and physical enrichment types were more common across all literature sources whereas social enrichment was less common, suggesting barriers to implementation of all enrichment types in zoological facilities. Our research suggests that zoo and aquarium professionals are considering species-specific welfare needs by ensuring that enrichment protocols are supported by biological evidence. However, opportunities to diversify the enrichment types being offered and species being researched are identified.
Assessment, causes and consequences of short opercula in laboratory-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Blaker E , Ellis T 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOpercular deformity is a common morphological abnormality of laboratory and other cultured fishes, observed in a wide variety of species but with an unclear aetiology. Following observations of short opercula in stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared in our laboratory, we developed a photographic key to score individual fish on a scale of 1 to 5. Inter-rater reliability was assessed as ‘almost perfect’. This visual method is quick and simple to use, can be used to score live fish in situ in tanks as well as sampled fish, does not require sophisticated equipment and provides quantitative information to investigate the aetiology of short opercula. Opercular size was scored for a cohort of in-house reared Atlantic salmon, in a time series of random samples of ≥ 30 fish (mean weights ranging from 0.8 to 299 g) over 14 months. Short opercula were first recorded during the parr stage, prevalence and severity increased as the fish grew, and the deformity was asymmetrical, occurring predominantly on the left side. Therefore, among the many potential causal factors, nipping is suggested as the primary cause of short opercula within our culture system, with asymmetry due to the clockwise current. We also present evidence that short opercula are associated with gill damage which supports this deformity being a welfare issue that merits assessment.
COVID-19 pandemic and emotional contagion
Authors: Belli Simone , Alonso Claudia 
Published: January 2022

This study will seek answers to a research question that aims to evaluate the patterns and the structure of pandemics and their spread in different ages and territories, always taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic: what is the significance and role of emotional contagion in how people behave during the current COVID-19 pandemic, and how do emotions spread across society from person to person, like viruses?
Our methodology is based on mapping previous experiences on how societies faced collapse due to epidemic outbreaks to answer this research question. Moreover, we present an autoethnography to revise moment by moment how professional and private lives are being affected by this pandemic right now.
Hidden racism and structures of power in the images of Ebola 2014
Authors: Méndez Hernández Clara , Tirado Francisco 
Published: January 2022

Epidemics are considered paradigmatic states of emergency and humanitarian scenarios. Thus, humanitarian conceptualizations are negotiable through the very practices appearing in this type of emergency.
This paper aims to investigate this process in relation to the 2014 Ebola outbreak, an event that is considered a global threat and an intolerable humanitarian situation. We analyze how the definition of what can be understood (or not) as humanity was constructed through visual representations produced by social media. We will also discuss how the definition of humanity was negotiated through dimensions such as the spectrum of visibility, the distribution of agencies, the affections intended to provoke, and the imaginaries defined. This paper is based on an empirical semiotic analysis of hundreds of images from the 2014 Ebola epidemic and 15 focus groups and individual interviews, performed over a span of one year, discussing images from social media.
Mendelian etiologies identified with whole exome sequencing in cerebral palsy
Authors: Chopra Maya , Gable Dustin L. , Love‐Nichols Jamie , Tsao Alexa , Rockowitz Shira , Sliz Piotr , Barkoudah Elizabeth , Bastianelli Lucia , Coulter David , Davidson Emily , DeGusmao Claudio , Fogelman David , Huth Kathleen , Marshall Paige , Nimec Donna , Sanders Jessica Solomon , Shore Benjamin J. , Snyder Brian , Stone Scellig S. D. , Ubeda Ana , Watkins Colyn , Berde Charles , Bolton Jeffrey , Brownstein Catherine , Costigan Michael , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari Darius , Lai Abbe , O'Donnell‐Luria Anne , Paciorkowski Alex R. , Pinto Anna , Pugh John , Rodan Lance , Roe Eugene , Swanson Lindsay , Zhang Bo , Kruer Michael C. , Sahin Mustafa , Poduri Annapurna , Srivastava Siddharth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood motor disability, yet its link to single‐gene disorders is under‐characterized. To explore the genetic landscape of CP, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) in a cohort of patients with CP.MethodsWe performed comprehensive phenotyping and WES on a prospective cohort of individuals with cryptogenic CP (who meet criteria for CP; have no risk factors), non‐cryptogenic CP (who meet criteria for CP; have at least one risk factor), and CP masqueraders (who could be diagnosed with CP, but have regression/progressive symptoms). We characterized motor phenotypes, ascertained medical comorbidities, and classified brain MRIs. We analyzed WES data using an institutional pipeline.ResultsWe included 50 probands in this analysis (20 females, 30 males). Twenty‐four had cryptogenic CP, 20 had non‐cryptogenic CP, five had CP masquerader classification, and one had unknown classification. Hypotonic‐ataxic subtype showed a difference in prevalence across the classification groups (p = 0.01). Twenty‐six percent of participants (13/50) had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in 13 unique genes (ECHS1, SATB2, ZMYM2, ADAT3, COL4A1, THOC2, SLC16A2, SPAST, POLR2A, GNAO1, PDHX, ACADM, ATL1), including one patient with two genetic disorders (ACADM, PDHX) and two patients with a SPAST‐related disorder. The CP masquerader category had the highest diagnostic yield (n = 3/5, 60%), followed by the cryptogenic CP category (n = 7/24, 29%). Fifteen percent of patients with non‐cryptogenic CP (n = 3/20) had a Mendelian disorder on WES.InterpretationWES demonstrated a significant prevalence of Mendelian disorders in individuals clinically diagnosed with CP, including in individuals with known CP risk factors.
Benefits of a Skull‐Interfaced Flexible and Implantable Multilight Emitting Diode Array for Photobiomodulation in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kim Hyunha , Kim Min Jae , Kwon Young Woo , Jeon Sangheon , Lee Seo‐Yeon , Kim Chang‐Seok , Choi Byung Tae , Shin Yong‐Il , Hong Suck Won , Shin Hwa Kyoung 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) has received attention due to its potential for improving tissue function and enhancing regeneration in stroke. A lightweight, compact, and simple system of miniaturized electronic devices consisting of packaged light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that incorporates a flexible substrate for in vivo brain PBM in a mouse model is developed. Using this device platform, the preventive and therapeutic effects of PBM affixed to the exposed skull of mice in the photothrombosis and middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model are evaluated. Among the wavelength range of 630, 850, and 940 nm LED array, the PBM with 630‐nm LED array is proved to be the most effective for reducing the infarction volume and neurological impairment after ischemic stroke. Moreover, the PBM with 630 nm LED array remarkably improves the capability of spatial learning and memory in the chronic poststroke phase, attenuates AIM2 inflammasome activation and inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis, and modulates microglial polarization in the hippocampus and cortex 7 days following ischemic stroke. Thus, PBM may prevent tissue and functional damage in acute ischemic injury, thereby attenuating the development of cognitive impairment after stroke.
ESIPT‐based AIE luminogens: Design strategies, applications, and mechanisms
Authors: Zhou Panwang , Han Keli 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this review, we present a systematic and comprehensive summary of the recent development and applications of excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer‐based (ESIPT‐based) aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), a type of promising materials that inherit the advantages of ESIPT and AIE, such as large Stokes shift, excellent photostability, and low self‐quenching. We first summarize the backbones that have been used to construct the ESIPT‐based AIEgens and classify the constructed ones based on the relation between ESIPT and AIE unit. According to the sensing mechanisms and design strategies, we have reviewed the applications of ESIPT‐based AIEgens in bioimaging, drug delivery systems, organic light‐emitting diodes, photo‐patterning, liquid crystal, and the detection of metal cations, anions, small molecules, biothiols, biological enzymes, latent fingerprinting, and so on. We have also reviewed the recent advances in the development of new theoretical methods for investigating molecular photochemistry in crystals and their applications in ESIPT‐based AIEgens. We discussed the remaining challenges in this field and the issues that need to be addressed. We anticipate that this review can provide a comprehensive picture of the current condition of research in this field, and promote researchers to make more efforts to develop novel ESIPT‐based AIEgens with new applications.
APOE ε2 resilience for Alzheimer's disease is mediated by plasma lipid species: Analysis of three independent cohort studies
Authors: Wang Tingting , Huynh Kevin , Giles Corey , Mellett Natalie A , Duong Thy , Nguyen Anh , Lim Wei Ling Florence , Smith Alex AT , Olshansky Gavriel , Cadby Gemma , Hung Joseph , Hui Jennie , Beilby John , Watts Gerald F , Chatterjee Pratishtha , Martins Ian , Laws Simon M , Bush Ashley I , Rowe Christopher C , Villemagne Victor L , Ames David , Masters Colin L , Taddei Kevin , Doré Vincent , Fripp Jürgen , Arnold Matthias , Kastenmüller Gabi , Nho Kwangsik , Saykin Andrew J , Baillie Rebecca , Han Xianlin , Martins Ralph N , Moses Eric K , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima , Meikle Peter J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. However, its effect on lipid metabolic pathways, and their mediating effect on disease risk, is poorly understood.MethodsWe performed lipidomic analysis on three independent cohorts (the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle [AIBL] flagship study, n = 1087; the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative [ADNI] 1 study, n = 819; and the Busselton Health Study [BHS], n = 4384), and we defined associations between APOE ε2 and ε4 and 569 plasma/serum lipid species. Mediation analysis defined the proportion of the treatment effect of the APOE genotype mediated by plasma/serum lipid species.ResultsA total of 237 and 104 lipid species were associated with APOE ε2 and ε4, respectively. Of these 68 (ε2) and 24 (ε4) were associated with prevalent Alzheimer's disease. Individual lipid species or lipidomic models of APOE genotypes mediated up to 30% and 10% of APOE ε2 and ε4 treatment effect, respectively.DiscussionPlasma lipid species mediate the treatment effect of APOE genotypes on Alzheimer's disease and as such represent a potential therapeutic target.
Depositing Molecular Graphene Nanoribbons on Ag(111) by Electrospray Controlled Ion Beam Deposition: Self‐Assembly and On‐Surface Transformations
Authors: Ran Wei , Walz Andreas , Stoiber Karolina , Knecht Peter , Xu Hongxiang , Papageorgiou Anthoula C. , Huettig Annette , Cortizo‐Lacalle Diego , Mora‐Fuentes Juan P. , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio , Schlichting Hartmut , Reichert Joachim , Barth Johannes V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe chemical processing of low‐dimensional carbon nanostructures is crucial for their integration in future devices. Here we apply a new methodology in atomically precise engineering by combining multistep solution synthesis of N‐doped molecular graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with mass‐selected ultra‐high vacuum electrospray controlled ion beam deposition on surfaces and real‐space visualisation by scanning tunnelling microscopy. We demonstrate how this method yields solely a controllable amount of single, otherwise unsublimable, GNRs of 2.9 nm length on a planar Ag(111) surface. This methodology allows for further processing by employing on‐surface synthesis protocols and exploiting the reactivity of the substrate. Following multiple chemical transformations, the GNRs provide reactive building blocks to form extended, metal–organic coordination polymers.
Overlooked Factors Required for Electrolyte Solvents in Li–O2 Batteries: Capabilities of Quenching 1O2 and Forming Highly‐Decomposable Li2O2
Authors: Nishioka Kiho , Tanaka Mizuki , Fujimoto Hayato , Amaya Toru , Ogoshi Sensuke , Tobisu Mamoru , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough sufficient tolerance against attack by superoxide radicals (O2−) has been mainly recognized as an important property for Li–O2 battery (LOB) electrolytes, recent evidence has revealed that other critical factors also govern the cyclability, prompting a reconsideration of the basic design guidelines of LOB electrolytes. Here, we found that LOBs equipped with a N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA)‐based electrolyte exhibited better cyclability compared with other standard LOB electrolytes. This superior cyclability is attributable to the capabilities of quenching 1O2 and forming highly decomposable Li2O2. The 1O2 quenching capability is equivalent to that of a tetraglyme‐based electrolyte containing a several millimolar concentration of a typical chemical quencher. Based on these overlooked factors, the DMA‐based electrolyte led to superior cyclability despite its lower O2− tolerance. Thus, the present work provides a novel design guideline for the development of LOB electrolytes.
Origin of High Diastereoselectivity in Reactions of Seven‐Membered‐Ring Enolates
Authors: Lavinda Olga , Witt Collin H. , Woerpel K. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnlike many reactions of their six‐membered‐ring counterparts, the reactions of chiral seven‐membered‐ring enolates are highly diastereoselective. Diastereoselectivity was observed for a range of substrates, including lactam, lactone, and cyclic ketone derivatives. The stereoselectivity arises from torsional and steric interactions that develop when electrophiles approach the diastereotopic π‐faces of the enolates, which are distinguished by subtle differences in the orientation of nearby atoms of the ring.
N‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalyst: Marked ORR Activity in Acidic Media without the Contribution from Metal Sites?
Authors: Kong Fantao , Cui Xiangzhi , Huang Yifan , Yao Heliang , Chen Yafeng , Tian Han , Meng Ge , Chen Chang , Chang Ziwei , Shi Jianlin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFe−N−C electrocatalysts have been demonstrated to be the most promising substitutes for benchmark Pt/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report that N‐doped carbon materials with trace amounts of iron (0–0.08 wt. %) show excellent ORR activity and durability comparable and even superior to those of Pt/C in both alkaline and acidic media without significant contribution by the metal sites. Such an N‐doped carbon (denoted as N‐HPCs) features a hollow and hierarchically porous architecture, and more importantly, a noncovalently bonded N‐deficient/N‐rich heterostructure providing the active sites for oxygen adsorption and activation owing to the efficient electron transfer between the layers. The primary Zn‐air battery using N‐HPCs as the cathode delivers a much higher power density of 158 mW cm−2, and the maximum power density in the H2−O2 fuel cell reaches 486 mW cm−2, which is comparable to and even better than those using conventional Fe−N−C catalysts at cathodes.
Biosynthesis of Terpenoid–Pyrrolobenzoxazine Hybrid Natural Product CJ‐12662
Authors: Cheng Wei , Chen Mengbin , Ohashi Masao , Tang Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe fungal natural product CJ‐12662 is a structurally complex terpene–amino acid hybrid, and is a potent anthelmintic compound. The biosynthetic pathway of CJ‐12662 is elucidated based on metabolite analysis from heterologous expression. We demonstrate the terpene portion is derived from successive P450‐catalyzed oxidations of amorpha‐4,11‐diene, while three flavin‐dependent enzymes are involved in morphing the esterified tryptophan into a chlorinated pyrrolobenzoxazine, utilizing a cascaded [1,2]‐Meisenheimer rearrangement.
Biomimetic FeMo(Se, Te) as Joint Electron Pool Promoting Nitrogen Electrofixation
Authors: Sun Yuntong , Ding Shan , Xia Baokai , Duan Jingjing , Antonietti Markus , Chen Sheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt has been long believed that the FeMoS structure, where Fe is bonded with S, plays a pivotal role as a biomimetic catalyst for electrochemical nitrogen (N2) fixation. Nevertheless, the structure of Fe bonded to heavier analogues (Se or Te) has never been explored for N2 electrofixation. Here, we theoretically predict the electronic structure of FeMo(Se, Te) composed of tri‐coordinated Fe species with open shells for binding with Se, which forms a joint electron pool for promoting N2 activation. Guided by this interesting prediction, we then demonstrate a two‐step procedure to synthesize such structures, which display remarkable N2 electrofixation activities with an ammonia yield of 72.54 μg h−1 mg−1 and a Faradic efficiency of 51.67 % that are more than three times of the FeMoS counterpart. Further mechanism studies have been conducted by density function theory (DFT) simulations. This work provides new clues for designing versatile electrocatalytic materials for large‐scale industrialization.
Donor‐Acceptor Molecule Based High‐Performance Photothermal Organic Material for Efficient Water Purification and Electricity Generation
Authors: Liu Jing , Cui Yuanyuan , Pan Yuyu , Chen Zhijun , Jia Tao , Li Chenglong , Wang Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this contribution, a unique donor‐acceptor conjugated organic‐small‐molecule photothermal material, namely GDPA‐QCN, is presented. Bulky dendritic triphenylamine (GDPA) was grafted onto quinoxaline‐6,7‐dicarbonitrile (QCN) with a phenyl ring as a bridge to form an “umbrella” architecture. Benefited from the particular molecular structure, in solid state, GDPA‐QCN molecules adopted a loose packing mode due to the steric effect of “umbrella head” dendritic triphenylamine and flexible molecular structure feature, which allows efficient intramolecular motions and consequently elevates energy dissipation by taking the pathway of thermal deactivation within broad absorption range. The GDPA‐QCN solid has high solar‐thermal conversion efficiency with an absorption range from 300 to 1100 nm, which can promote superior water purification and electricity generation performance.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of P‐Chiral Aminophosphinites
Authors: Li Yan‐Bo , Tian Hu , Zhang Shuai , Xiao Jun‐Zhao , Yin Liang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, a copper(I)‐catalyzed reaction of diarylphosphines and O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines is developed. In the cases of symmetrical diarylphosphines, a series of aminophosphinites is prepared in high yields. In the cases of unsymmetrical diarylphosphines, an array of P‐chiral aminophosphinites is synthesized in high yields with high enantioselectivity by using a copper(I)‐(R,RP)‐Ph‐FOXAP complex as a chiral catalyst. Based on several control experiments and 31P NMR studies, a two‐electron redox mechanism involving the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of unsymmetrical diarylphosphines is proposed for the copper(I)‐catalyzed asymmetric reaction. Finally, one representative P‐chiral phosphoric amide generated through the oxidation with H2O2 is transformed to a chiral diarylphosphinate in high yield with retained enantioselectivity, which allows further transformations towards various P‐chiral tertiary phosphines.
Prevalence, Incidence, and Progression of Radiographic and Symptomatic Hand Osteoarthritis: The Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Eaton Charles B. , Schaefer Lena F. , Duryea Jeff , Driban Jeff B. , Lo Grace H. , Roberts Mary B. , Haugen Ida K. , Lu Bing , Nevitt Michael C. , Hochberg Marc C. , Jackson Rebecca D. , Kwoh C. K. , McAlindon Timothy 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence, incidence, and progression of radiographic and symptomatic hand osteoarthritis (OA), and to evaluate differences according to age, sex, race, and other risk factors.MethodsParticipants were assessed for radiographic and symptomatic hand OA at baseline and year 4 to determine incident disease. A modified Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to account for clustering of joints within fingers within persons to estimate the prevalence ratios and relative risk estimates associated with participant characteristics.ResultsAmong 3,588 participants, the prevalence of radiographic hand OA was 41.4%, and the prevalence of symptomatic hand OA was 12.4%. The incidence over 48 months was 5.6% for radiographic hand OA and 16.9% for symptomatic hand OA. Over 48 months, 27.3% of the participants exhibited OA progression. We found complex differences by age, sex, and race, with increasing rates of prevalent hand OA with older age in both men and women, but with rates of incident disease peaking at ages 55–64 years in women. Women had higher rates of symptomatic hand OA, but only nonsignificantly higher rates of incident radiographic hand OA, than men. Women more frequently had distal interphalangeal joint disease, while men more frequently had metacarpophalangeal joint OA. Black men and women had lower rates of hand OA than White participants, but Black men had higher rates of prevalent hand OA than Black women at younger ages.ConclusionHand OA is a heterogeneous disease with complex differences by age, sex, race, hand symptoms, and patterns of specific joints affected. Further research investigating the mechanisms behind these differences, whether mechanical, metabolic, hormonal, or constitutional, is warranted.