bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STAPHYLOCOCCUS INTERMEDIUS DERMATITIS IN DENNING NEW JERSEY BLACK BEARS (Ursus americanus)
Authors: KEELER SHAMUS P. , BURGUESS KELCEY I. , HEATHER LEMASTER , HUFFMAN JANE E. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
On 18 March 2006, during annual den research, personnel from the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife Black Bear Project examined a 5-yr-old female and three yearling black bears (Ursus americanus) with severe dermatitis. The female and three yearlings all exhibited weight loss. Deep skin scrapings were taken and examined under a stereomicroscope. The skin of each bear was swabbed with BBL CultureSwabs. No mites were found in the skin scrapings. Staphylococcus intermedius was the only bacterial species isolated from the four bears. To our knowledge this is the first report of non-mange related dermatitis caused by S. intermedius in black bears.
New Jersey black bears (Ursus americanus) are found primarily in the northern portion of the state but the population has been steadily moving south. The average New Jersey black bear litter size is 2.7 cubs. They den in rock cavities, brush piles, felled trees, and open nests (Carr and Burguess, 2004).
Becoming “Boundary Pioneers”: Roles for Academic Science Departments in Understanding and Addressing Interactions between Science and Religion
Authors: W. Shane Joseph 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
In this essay, I assert that academic scientists are ideally suited to address frequent and often contentious interactions between scientific and religious perspectives that occur on our campuses and well as among our colleagues and within our communities. I first define and provide specific examples of four historical approaches that characterize relationships between science and religion: (1) the Warfare or Conflict thesis, (2) the Independence approach, (3) the Harmony thesis, and (4) the Complexity model. Given that discussions about science and religion are often manifested in ongoing controversies surrounding biological evolution, I then summarize the origins of anti-evolution movements in the United States via the rise and persistence of Christian Fundamentalism. The essay concludes by comparing the religious beliefs of academic scientists to the general public and offering practical suggestions for serving as “boundary pioneers” between science and religion.
The Invasive New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) Not Detected in Western Lakes Huron and St. Clair
Authors: Levri Edward P. , Opiela Carol , Bilka Rachel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is a world wide invasive species with established invasive populations in Australia, Europe, Japan, and North America. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, the snail has been found in each major water body except for Lakes Huron and St. Clair. Here we report data from samples taken from 78 sites in Lake St. Clair, the Mackinaw Straits, and two locations in western Lake Huron (Saginaw Bay and Thunder Bay) from time periods ranging from 1997 to 2009. Potamopyrgus was not found in the samples taken from any of the sites. Thus, there is no evidence from this study that the New Zealand mud snail has established populations in Lakes Huron and St. Clair.
Impact of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticides on Aquatic Microcosms
Authors: Henry Michael , Brenner Fred J. , Jones Abigail M. , Brockhage Rachel , Smeltzer David J. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Four commonly used greenhouse chemicals: 10:10:10 Peters fertilizer, two fungicides and an insecticide/nematicide, were analyzed to determine their effects on water quality and productivity. Each of these chemicals in varying concentrations were added to three microcosms and assessed for their impact on pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonia, phosphorous, algae and chlorophyll a. In general, the addition these of chemicals did not affect pH, TDS, specific conductance or the dissolved oxygen. In all microcosms, the addition of fertilizer increased phosphorus, nitrate-N, and ammonia-N concentrations which in turn increased the size of algae communities and chlorophyll-a concentrations. There was a significant correlation between the size of the algae communities and chlorophyll a concentrations in all microcosms. The effect of fungicides and insecticides/nematicides varied among the different chemical concentrations, but in general, there was a reduction in nutrient concentrations with increasing concentrations of the chemicals. But when these chemicals were combined with fertilizer, nutrient concentrations, algae communities and chlorophyll-a exhibited similar increases as the microcosms receiving fertilizer alone. Based on the results of this study, a hydroponic system was designed to reduce the influx of nutrients into receiving fresh water systems.
Megasporogenesis and Megagametogenesis of Cardamine Parviflora L. (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Harvey Robert , Smith Bruce 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Cardamine parviflora, “small-flowered bittercress”, is a member of the Brassicaceae family. It is found throughout the eastern part of the United States and Canada. Flowering occurs from April through July. It has, as with all mustards, four separate sepals and four separate petals, six stamens, and one pistil with two united carpels. Each carpel has many ovules that start develop from the base of the ovary. Flowers were collected near Rocky Ridge County Park, York, PA and immediately fixed in FPA50. At least 24 h later collections were serially dehydrated to 100% ETOH, and placed in Herr clearing fluid. A Nikon SMZ-U dissecting microscope was used for ovule removal and an attached DSFi1 Nikon digital camera was used to capture the images. Ovules, on the Raj slides, were viewed using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope with phase contrast to determine developmental stages and the attached Nikon digital cameras DS-Ri1 was used for image capture. Images of all stages of megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were saved. A few morphological features determined from this study include are, ovules are campyloptropous, bitegmic and show Polygonum Type megagametophytic development. Developmental features reported here are compared with previous studies of Arabidopsis thaliana L. and Draba verna L.
Assessment of Passive and Active Macroinvertebrate Collection Methods in Adjacent Reaches on the Upper Main Stem of the Susquehanna River
Authors: Guild Katherine , Anthony Andrew , Bilger Michael , Holt Jack 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTMacroinvertebrates are functional indicators of stream health based upon their sensitivity to pollution. Our study utilized different passive and active benthic macroinvertebrate collection methods (D-net, Surber sampler, rock baskets, and Hester-Dendy multiplate samplers) during the summer and fall of 2012 and 2013. Collections were taken on both sides of the west channel in the west channel of the upper main stem of the Susquehanna River near Shamokin Dam, PA. Sampling sites each included seven locations, one for passive sampling and six longitudinal locations for active sampling. Overall, we collected 50 taxa of macroinvertebrates identified to family-level, which allowed us to calculate pollution tolerance values and other comparative metrics. The Proportional Bray-Curtis Similarity Index analysis describes a very low to moderate overlap between benthic macroinvertebrate communities collected by active and passive methods (2% - 43%). Furthermore, other metrics including the Shannon Diversity and Hilsenhoff Biotic Indices reflected the variability in occurrence of pollution intolerant taxa according to method and location. The greatest variation occurred in percent EPT which showed a range of 0% to 56% in a single sample period using different methods. Passive sampling methods selectively collected colonizers and omitted other taxa (e.g. burrowers and mollusks) illustrating their bias in sampling. Overall, the metrics did not support the use of one technique over another. Rather, they supported the practice of using both passive and active collection methods in order to use macroinvertebrate community estimates to assess water quality in large rivers that have a wetted channel of cobble, silt, and sand like the upper main stem of the Susquehanna River. Based on our results we concluded that active samplers which target different habitats together with passive samplers which allow comparisons from one site to another would be the most appropriate methods to use in the upper main stem of the Susquehanna River.
Bioassessment of Benthic Macroinvertebrates of the Middle Penns Creek, Pennsylvania Watershed
Authors: Panas John , Niles Jonathan , Silknetter Sam , Bilger Michael 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
During October and November 2011, an assessment of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage was conducted in the middle Penns Creek (PA) watershed. The survey consisted of 10 tributary sites within a 40km portion of the watershed. The goals were to establish baseline conditions for headwater streams in this section of the watershed, determine their current biotic health, and suggest possible designated use upgrades. All sample sites were low-order (1–3) streams typically of higher gradient. We calculated the Pennsylvania Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity at each site based on the following biotic indices: Beck's Index, Total Taxa Richness, EPT (Ephemeroptera + Plecoptera + Trichoptera) Taxa Richness (Pollution Tolerance Values 0–4), Shannon Diversity Index, Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, and Percent Sensitive Individuals (Pollution Tolerance Values 0–3) . All study streams are currently designated by Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) as Cold Water Fish (1), High Quality (6), or Exceptional Value (3) streams. We found six streams to be of highest biotic quality (IBI score &gt;80). Benthic macroinvertebrate IBI scores for Little Poe Creek (93.2) exceeded the current designated use of High Quality by PA DEP, and should be considered for a re-designated increase to Exceptional Value. In total, 10 pollution sensitive genera (Epeorus, Leuctra, Sweltsa, Tallaperla, Acroneuria, Pteronarcys, Agapetus, Dolophilodes, Wormaldia, and Diplectrona) were present across all study streams. Panther Run (51.9) received the lowest benthic macroinvertebrate IBI score, possibly due to low total organisms which may suggest it could be experiencing ecological stressors. Our overall results indicate these Penns Creek streams to currently be of good biotic health, however long-term monitoring may be necessary to further assess anthropogenic impacts within the watershed.
Variability in Macroinvertebrate Communities of the Susquehanna River in Central Pennsylvania†
Authors: King, N. R. , McTammany M. E. , Wilson M. J. , Chakany J. C. , Coffin H. N. , Reilly M. E. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Aquatic habitats vary widely in physical, chemical, and biological factors that can directly influence macroinvertebrate communities. Large rivers are spatially heterogeneous ecosystems with habitats affected by proximity to river banks, channel morphology, tributary confluences and human activities. Yet, large rivers remain largely understudied and are generally sampled in easily accessible near-bank areas, leaving macroinvertebrate communities undocumented from deeper, faster flowing mid-channel habitats. Our goals were to document variability in macroinvertebrate community structure in the Susquehanna River and its two main tributaries, to determine the importance of upstream vs. local conditions, and to assess differences in near-bank vs. mid-channel sampling areas. We collected benthic macroinvertebrate samples in summer 2011 from the West Branch, North Branch, and mainstem Susquehanna River using rock baskets to standardize substrate effects across sites. We documented higher abundances of many genera in mid-channel sampling locations compared to near-bank locations but found no significant differences in taxa richness. Many taxa showed particular distribution patterns among river sites, but little correlation between upstream sampling locations and sites directly downstream. Therefore, our results indicate macroinvertebrate communities are primarily driven by the interaction of local habitat conditions.
Evaluation of Chironomidae Diversity in the Little Paint Creek Watershed, Pennsylvania
Authors: Webb Rebecca L. , Dick Deannah , Wilson Ryan 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The health of a watershed can be assessed by evaluating the benthic macroinvertebrates that are present in the waterways. Benthic chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) are often used as a biological indicator of ecological health. The chironomid larvae are particularly tolerant to contaminants, with different taxa exhibiting different levels of tolerance. Thus, evaluation of the abundance and diversity of chironomids within a watershed can be an assessment tool for the biotic health of the watershed. Although several studies of Pennsylvania watersheds have identified the presence of Chironomidae, our study aimed to further understand chironomid diversity by assessing them to the subfamily and genus level. We surveyed eight sites over Little Paint Creek and three tributaries within the Little Paint Creek watershed in southwestern Pennsylvania. By comparing the chironomid abundance and diversity to previously published EPT data for the watershed, our data suggests that water quality of tributary UNT 45234 is better than previously predicted and may be better than that of tributary UNT 45242. The limited number of less tolerant subfamilies of chironomids in the Little Paint Creek samples suggests that this stream may have reduced water quality. We established a baseline of chironomid abundance and diversity within the Little Paint Creek watershed. Our future goal for the project will be to continue to monitor the chironomids at these sites and to compare our findings to areas within the watershed which have been reported to have higher rates of contaminants due to acid mine drainage and Marcellus shale drilling, to determine their effect on aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity.
Probing Chemical Environment Using Polymeric Reverse Micellar Solutions Which Sequester Inorganic Coordination Complex Fluorophores
Authors: Rodriguez Jason , Kremer Joseph 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
A series of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride ([Ru(bpy)3]Cl2)-sequestered reverse micellar solutions of variable surfactant concentration were examined using fluorescence spectroscopy before and after thermal radical polymerization of the nonpolar phase. The [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 emission spectra simulated aqueous solution chemical environments irrespective whether the nonpolar phase is liquid or polymerized into a solid. A range of surfactant concentrations were examined. Emission maxima of the reverse micelle solution-sequestered [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 species are red-shifted with respect to aqueous [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2. The red-shift can be interpreted in the context of increasing chemical environment polarity. Emission maxima of the [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 species of polymerized nonpolar phase at approximately 600 nm were consistent with [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 aqueous species. The work represents a pathway to preserve solution-dependent chemical processes of molecular sensors.
Multiple Paternities in American Black Bears from New Jersey
Authors: Ombrello Teresa A. , Chinnici Nicole L. , Huffman Jane E. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The American black bear (Ursus americanus) was nearly extirpated from New Jersey in the early to mid-twentieth century. The black bear is the largest land mammal in New Jersey and occupies the northwestern region of the state. Both sexes of black bears are known to practice multiple mating. In this study, we assessed paternity among bears from New Jersey. All analyses were performed using eight microsatellite loci: G10L, Mu50, G10P, G10H, G10O, G10J, G10C, and Mu59. We analyzed fifteen family units (sow and offspring) for a total of 50 cubs and yearlings for paternity. Data from eight microsatellite loci allowed assignment of multiple paternities for cubs in three out of 15 (20%) litters.
The Ekphrastic Moment: Art, Image, and Identity in Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales (1837, 1842)
Authors: Soler Joan Curbet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As Theodor W. Adorno once stated, “The unsolved antagonisms of reality return in artworks, as immanent problems of form …. This, and not the insertion of objective elements, is what defines the relation of art to society” (Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, ed. by G. Adorno, 1997, p. 6). Some of the artistic tensions that were explored by Nathaniel Hawthorne during his first period of literary production can be fruitfully approached via this theoretical assumption. Many of the tales and short stories that ended up in the two volumes of Twice-Told Tales (1837) are characterized by a constant movement between the visual and the verbal, the present and the past, the internal and the external. One recurrent way in which these dialectics are addressed is through the repeated use of ekphrasis, the literary description of a work of art, whether painted or sculpted. The young Nathaniel Hawthorne, who was especially preoccupied with the difficult relationship between the creative function of the artist and the weight of the historical past, very often returns to the consideration of artistic objects as embodying not only that specific tension but also several interrelated ones.
Reading Originally: The Story Teller, “Mr. Higginbotham's Catastrophe,” and “Passages from a Relinquished Work”
Authors: Person Leland S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This essay makes the case for publishing “Mr. Higginbotham's Catastrophe” as it originally appeared, framed by the first and only two extant narratives from The Story Teller, Hawthorne's third unsuccessful collection of stories and sketches. “The Story Teller, No. I” and “The Story Teller, No. II” appeared in the November and December issues of the New-England Magazine, as the first installments in the magazine's agreement to publish the entire collection serially. That agreement was then abrogated, and no more narratives appeared within the frames that Hawthorne apparently intended. This introduction is followed by transcriptions of the two “Story Teller” publications.
Effects of Rainwater Harvesting Techniques on Establishment and Survival of Acacia senegal (L.) Transplants on Dry Lands in South Darfur State, Sudan
Authors: Omer Adam ZaKaria Abdalla , Ahmed Daldoum Mohammed 
Published: February 2022

The study was conducted in South Darfur State in Nyala Agricultural Research Station Farm which is located at latitude 12° 01ʹ N and longitude 24° 50ʹ E and at an altitude of 400 m a.s.l, during two seasons 2018 and 2019. The study aimed to test and assess the effects of rainwater harvesting techniques (RWHTs) on establishment, growth and survival rate of Acacia senegal transplants on dry land, to assess its influence on soil moisture content. Four RWHTs were tested namely; control, semicircular bund, trapezoidal bund and V-shape catchment. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with six replications. The soil moisture content (gravimetric) at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm during the (summer, autumn and winter) were measured .Tree state as survival rate, growth parameters of shoot height, stem diameter, number of branches, root length, shoot and root biomass were measured. The results showed that the RWHTs recharged considerably the soil moisture content in all the depths in autumn, including the control. The transplants' survival rates were better in the RWHTs than in the control and in summer 2019 the survival percentages in these treatments ranged from 67 % to 75 % against 50 % only for the control. The trapezoidal bund showed the most resistant against the transplants' death rate. Significant differences were found in the A. senegal transplants growth parameters between the control and the RWHTs. The overall growth performance within the RWHTs was as follows, trapezoidal bund > semicircular bund = V-shape catchment > control. It is thus evident that RWHTs can be used to support establishment of transplants in the moistures content deficient areas of dry lands. The study concluded that RWHTs can be applied using manual labor and locally available materials. Further research should focus on RWHTs as worthy option for tree plantation in dry land.
Synergic Development of Organizations with Employee Aspirations
Authors: Subramanian K. R. 
Published: February 2022

Employee involvement in organization development takes place when their aspirations are fulfilled through work. Even with a carefully planned compensation and incentive program the attrition rate in some organizations is high. When management genuinely takes care of employee aspirations the resultant synergy is reflected in customer satisfaction and product quality. Managing employee aspirations takes genuine interest and requires a structure to help employees and plan for their development by Assessment, alignment with business needs and taking steps for development of people. Organizations can help employees sharpen and develop their key skills and values and provide important feedback information to reshape their goals in alignment with the business needs of the organization. Organizational barriers to growth and Professional development of employees leads to lack of commitment and eventual separation of employees. This paper explores such barriers to employee involvement and how synergic development can take place.
Simplification of the European Model of Management Excellence
Authors: Aurelio Muñoz Rubio  , Fernando Tejedor-Panchón  , Gonzalo Tejedor-Panchón  , José Manuel Mánuel  , Francisco Javier Bermúdez Rodríguez  , Ricardo Hernández Molina  
Published: February 2022

The current international context requires the modernization of the naval sector towards what has been called Naval Industry 4.0, which has already been successfully implemented by some countries such as North Korea. In order to remain competitive with those countries, a deep reconsideration of the engineering of the whole value chain must be done. Thus, the optimization of each one of the naval sector elements is highly important. These changes also include the auxiliary industry needed for a dynamic dockyard. More specifically, the working and management model of such industry has to be updated and improve its efficiency by involving business models that guarantee the management excellence. In this sense, one management model that has become a reference for many organizations is the European Model of Excellence. In this work, we present a simplification of this model, which would allow implementing it in SMEs.