bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Almost Radial Gauge
Authors: Herdegen Andrzej 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn almost radial gauge $$A^\mathrm {ar}$$

A
ar

of the electromagnetic potential is constructed for which $$x\cdot A^\mathrm {ar}(x)$$

x
·

A
ar

(
x
)

vanishes arbitrarily fast in timelike directions. This potential is in the class introduced by Dirac with the purpose of forming gauge-invariant quantities in quantum electrodynamics. In the quantum case, the construction of smeared operators $$A^\mathrm {ar}(K)$$

A
ar

(
K
)

is enabled by a natural extension of the free electromagnetic field algebra introduced earlier (represented in a Hilbert space). The space of possible smearing functions K includes vector fields with the asymptotic spacetime behavior typical for scattered currents (the conservation condition in the whole spacetime need not be assumed). This construction is motivated by a possible application to the infrared problem in QED.
Acclimation response and ability of growth and photosynthesis of terrestrial cyanobacterium Cylindrospermum sp. strain FS 64 under combined environmental factors
Authors: Bahavar Nadia , Shokravi Shadman 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis investigation tested the hypothesis that the native cyanobacteria can acclimatize and grow under the combination of environmental factors and/or how does their process change with the age of culture? Here, we tried to combine multiple factors to simulated what happens in natural ecosystems. We analyzed the physiological response of terrestrial cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermum sp. FS 64 under combination effect of different salinity (17, 80, and 160 mM) and alkaline pHs (9 and 11) at extremely limited carbon dioxide concentration (no aeration) up to 96 h. Our evidence showed that growth, biomass, photosystem II, and phycobilisome activity significantly increased under 80 mM salinity and pH 11. In addition, this combined condition led to a significant increase in maximum light-saturated photosynthesis activity and photosynthetic efficiency. While phycobilisomes and photosystem activity decreased by increasing salinity (160 mM) which caused decreased growth rates after 96 h. The single-cell study (CLMS microscopy) which illustrated the physiological state of the individual and active-cell confirmed the efficiency and effectiveness of both photosystems and phycobilisome under the combined effect of 80 mM salinity and pH 11.
Chlordecone: development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic tool to support human health risks assessments
Authors: Emond Claude , Multigner Luc 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChlordecone (CD; Kepone™) is a carcinogenic organochlorine insecticide with neurological, reproductive, and developmental toxicity that was widely used in the French West Indies (FWI) from 1973 to 1993 to fight banana weevils. Although CD has not been used there for more than 25 years, it still persists in the environment and has polluted the waterways and soil of current and older banana fields. Today, human exposure to CD in the FWI mainly arises from consuming contaminated foodstuffs. The aims of this study were to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in the rat and extrapolate it to humans based on available pharmacokinetic data in the literature. A comparison of simulations using the rat model with published experimental datasets showed reasonable predictability for single and repetitive doses, and, thus, it was extrapolated to humans. The human PBPK model, which has seven compartments, is able to simulate the blood concentrations of CD in human populations and estimate the corresponding external dose using the reverse dosimetry approach. The human PBPK model will make it possible to improve quantitative health risk assessments for CD contamination and reassess the current chronic toxicological reference values to protect the FWI population.
Feces consumption by nominally herbivorous fishes in the Caribbean: an underappreciated source of nutrients?
Authors: Rempel Hannah S. , Siebert Abigail K. , Van Wert Jacey C. , Bodwin Kelly N. , Ruttenberg Benjamin I. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractParrotfishes and surgeonfishes are major Caribbean herbivores that primarily graze reef algae and thereby play an important functional role in indirectly promoting coral recruitment and growth. Yet, an emerging body of research suggests that these nominal herbivores graze on a diverse array of other food sources and researchers have questioned whether they may target more nutrient-dense foods growing within or upon algae, such as cyanobacteria. In this study, we investigated the species-specific foraging rates of parrotfishes and surgeonfishes on Brown Chromis (Chromis multilineata) fecal pellets compared to other major dietary items. We found that almost 85% of observed fecal pellets were ingested by fishes and that over 90% of ingested fecal pellets were consumed by parrotfishes and surgeonfishes alone. While there were species-specific differences in the levels of feces consumption (coprophagy), we found that all three surgeonfishes (Acanthurus chirurgus, A. coeruleus, and A. tractus) and six of the nine of parrotfish species surveyed (Scarus coeruleus, S. iseri, S. taeniopterus, S. vetula, Sparisoma aurofrenatum, and S. viride) consumed C. multilineata feces. To better understand the nutritional value of this behavior, we analyzed the composition of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, total calories, and micronutrients in C. multilineata fecal pellets and compared these to published values for other food sources targeted by these fishes. Our findings suggest that these fecal pellets may have higher values of proteins, carbohydrates, total calories, and important micronutrients, such as phosphorus, compared to various macroalgae and the epilithic algae matrix, though comparable or lower values compared to cyanobacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study to document coprophagy by tropical herbivorous fishes in the Caribbean region. This research advances our understanding of the foraging ecology of nominally herbivorous fishes and highlights the importance of fish feces as a nutritional resource on coral reefs.
Graphical abstract
Novel concept of routine total arterial coronary bypass grafting through a left anterior approach avoiding sternotomy
Authors: Dörge Hilmar , Sellin Christian , Belmenai Ahmed , Asch Silke , Eggebrecht Holger , Schächinger Volker 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via full sternotomy remains a very invasive procedure, often requiring prolonged recovery of the patient. We describe a novel, less invasive approach for totally arterial CABG via a small left anterior thoracotomy in a pilot series of 20 unselected patients. From January to March 2020, 20 consecutive patients (mean age 65.9 ± 9.2 years, 100% male, STS-score: 1.6 ± 2) underwent CABG using only arterial conduits via a small left anterior thoracotomy. Patients were operated on cardiopulmonary bypass with peripheral cannulation and transthoracic aortic cross-clamping. Pulling tapes encircling the great vessels, the arrested empty heart was rotated and moved within the pericardium to enable conventional anastomotic techniques especially on lateral and inferior wall coronary targets. In all patients, left internal mammary artery and radial artery were utilized for bypass with 3.3 ± 0.7 distal coronary anastomoses per patient. Anterior, lateral, and inferior wall territories were revascularized in 100%, 85%, and 70% of patients, respectively. Complete anatomical revascularization was achieved in 95% of patients. ICU stay was 1 day in 17 patients, and 14 of patients left the hospital within 8 days. There was no hospital death, no stroke, no myocardial infarction, and no repeat revascularization. In this pilot series of 20 patients, minimally invasive, totally arterial CABG with avoidance of sternotomy was technically feasible with favorable patient outcomes.
Response-code conflict in dual-task interference and its modulation by age
Authors: Paas Oliveros Lya K. , Pieczykolan Aleks , Pläschke Rachel N. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Langner Robert 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDifficulties in performing two tasks at once can arise from several sources and usually increase in advanced age. Tasks with concurrent bimodal (e.g., manual and oculomotor) responding to single stimuli consistently revealed crosstalk between conflicting response codes as a relevant source. However, how this finding translates to unimodal (i.e., manual only) response settings and how it is affected by age remains open. To address this issue, we had young and older adults respond to high- or low-pitched tones with one (single task) or both hands concurrently (dual task). Responses were either compatible or incompatible with the pitch. When responses with the same level of compatibility were combined in dual-task conditions, their response codes were congruent to each other, whereas combining a compatible and an incompatible response created mutually incongruent (i.e., conflicting) response codes, potentially inducing detrimental crosstalk. Across age groups, dual-task costs indeed were overall highest with response-code incongruency. In these trials, compatible responses exhibited higher costs than incompatible ones, even after removing trials with strongly synchronized responses. This underadditive cost asymmetry argues against mutual crosstalk as the sole source of interference and corroborates notions of strategic prioritization of limited processing capacity based on mapping-selection difficulty. As expected, the effects of incongruent response codes were found to be especially deleterious in older adults, supporting assumptions of age-related deficits in multiple-action control at the level of task-shielding. Overall, our results suggest that aging is linked to higher response confusability and less efficient flexibility for capacity sharing in dual-task settings.
The hidden universe of human milk microbiome: origin, composition, determinants, role, and future perspectives
Authors: Consales Alessandra , Cerasani Jacopo , Sorrentino Gabriele , Morniroli Daniela , Colombo Lorenzo , Mosca Fabio , Giannì Maria Lorella 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough traditionally considered sterile, human milk is currently recognized as an alive ecosystem that harbors not only bacteria, but also viruses, fungi and yeasts, and minor genera, collectively known as the human milk microbiome (HMM). The seeding of HMM is a complex phenomenon whose dynamics are still a matter of research. Many factors contribute to its determination, both maternal, neonatal, environmental, and related to human milk itself. The transmission of microorganisms to the infant through breastfeeding may impact its present and future health, mainly shaping the GI tract microbiome and immune system. The existence and persistence of HMM as a conserved feature among different species may also have an evolutionary meaning, which will become apparent only in evolutionary times.Conclusion: The complexities of HMM warrant further research in order to deepen our knowledge on its origin, determinants, and impact on infants’ health. The practical and translational implications of research on HMM (e.g., reconstitution of donor human milk through inoculation of infant’s own mother milk, modulation of HMM through maternal dietary supplementation) should not be overlooked.

What is Known:• Human milk harbors a wide variety of microorganisms, ranging from bacteria to viruses, fungi and yeasts, and minor genera.• Human milk microbiome is shaped over time by many factors: maternal, neonatal, environmental, and related to human milk itself.• The transmission of microorganisms through breastfeeding may impact the infant’s present and future health.

What is New:• We provide an overview on human milk microbiome, hopefully encouraging physicians to consider it among the other better-known breastfeeding benefits.• Further studies, with standardized and rigorous study designs to enhance accuracy and reproducibility of the results, are needed to deepen our knowledge of the human milk microbiota and its role in newborn and infant’s health.
The evolving story of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato transmission in Europe
Authors: Steinbrink Antje , Brugger Katharina , Margos Gabriele , Kraiczy Peter , Klimpel Sven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBeside mosquitoes, ticks are well-known vectors of different human pathogens. In the Northern Hemisphere, Lyme borreliosis (Eurasia, LB) or Lyme disease (North America, LD) is the most commonly occurring vector-borne infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Borrelia which are transmitted by hard ticks of the genus Ixodes. The reported incidence of LB in Europe is about 22.6 cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually with a broad range depending on the geographical area analyzed. However, the epidemiological data are largely incomplete, because LB is not notifiable in all European countries. Furthermore, not only differ reporting procedures between countries, there is also variation in case definitions and diagnostic procedures. Lyme borreliosis is caused by several species of the Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex which are maintained in complex networks including ixodid ticks and different reservoir hosts. Vector and host influence each other and are affected by multiple factors including climate that have a major impact on their habitats and ecology. To classify factors that influence the risk of transmission of B. burgdorferi s.l. to their different vertebrate hosts as well as to humans, we briefly summarize the current knowledge about the pathogens including their astonishing ability to overcome various host immune responses, regarding the main vector in Europe Ixodes ricinus, and the disease caused by borreliae. The research shows, that a higher standardization of case definition, diagnostic procedures, and standardized, long-term surveillance systems across Europe is necessary to improve clinical and epidemiological data.
Finding Optimal Triangulations Parameterized by Edge Clique Cover
Authors: Korhonen Tuukka 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider problems that can be formulated as a task of finding an optimal triangulation of a graph w.r.t. some notion of optimality. We present algorithms parameterized by the size of a minimum edge clique cover ($$\texttt {cc}$$cc) to such problems. This parameterization occurs naturally in many problems in this setting, e.g., in the perfect phylogeny problem$$\texttt {cc}$$ccis at most the number of taxa, in fractional hypertreewidth$$\texttt {cc}$$ccis at most the number of hyperedges, and in treewidth of Bayesian networks$$\texttt {cc}$$ccis at most the number of non-root nodes. We show that the number of minimal separators of graphs is at most$$2^\texttt {cc}$$2cc, the number of potential maximal cliques is at most$$3^\texttt {cc}$$3cc, and these objects can be listed in times$$O^*(2^\texttt {cc})$$O∗(2cc)and$$O^*(3^\texttt {cc})$$O∗(3cc), respectively, even when no edge clique cover is given as input; the$$O^*(\cdot )$$O∗(·)notation omits factors polynomial in the input size. These enumeration algorithms imply$$O^*(3^\texttt {cc})$$O∗(3cc)time algorithms for problems such as treewidth, weighted minimum fill-in, and feedback vertex set. For generalized and fractional hypertreewidth we give$$O^*(4^m)$$O∗(4m)time and$$O^*(3^m)$$O∗(3m)time algorithms, respectively, wheremis the number of hyperedges. When an edge clique cover of size$$\texttt {cc}'$$cc′is given as a part of the input we give$$O^*(2^{\texttt {cc}'})$$O∗(2cc′)time algorithms for treewidth, minimum fill-in, and chordal sandwich. This implies an$$O^*(2^n)$$O∗(2n)time algorithm for perfect phylogeny, wherenis the number of taxa. We also give polynomial space algorithms with time complexities$$O^*(9^{\texttt {cc}'})$$O∗(9cc′)and$$O^*(9^{\texttt {cc}+ O(\log ^2 \texttt {cc})})$$O∗(9cc+O(log2cc))for problems in this framework.
A deep LSTM network for the Spanish electricity consumption forecasting
Authors: Torres J. F. , Martínez-Álvarez F. , Troncoso A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNowadays, electricity is a basic commodity necessary for the well-being of any modern society. Due to the growth in electricity consumption in recent years, mainly in large cities, electricity forecasting is key to the management of an efficient, sustainable and safe smart grid for the consumer. In this work, a deep neural network is proposed to address the electricity consumption forecasting in the short-term, namely, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network due to its ability to deal with sequential data such as time-series data. First, the optimal values for certain hyper-parameters have been obtained by a random search and a metaheuristic, called coronavirus optimization algorithm (CVOA), based on the propagation of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Then, the optimal LSTM has been applied to predict the electricity demand with 4-h forecast horizon. Results using Spanish electricity data during nine years and half measured with 10-min frequency are presented and discussed. Finally, the performance of the proposed LSTM using random search and the LSTM using CVOA is compared, on the one hand, with that of recently published deep neural networks (such as a deep feed-forward neural network optimized with a grid search) and temporal fusion transformers optimized with a sampling algorithm, and, on the other hand, with traditional machine learning techniques, such as a linear regression, decision trees and tree-based ensemble techniques (gradient-boosted trees and random forest), achieving the smallest prediction error below 1.5%.
The isoperimetric problem in 2d domains without necks
Authors: Leonardi Gian Paolo , Saracco Giorgio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe give a complete characterization of all isoperimetric sets contained in a domain of the Euclidean plane, that is bounded by a Jordan curve and satisfies a no neck property. Further, we prove that the isoperimetric profile of such domain is convex above the volume of the largest ball contained in it, and that its square is globally convex.
Expansion of eigenvalues of the perturbed discrete bilaplacian
Authors: Kholmatov Shokhrukh Yu. , Khalkhuzhaev Ahmad , Pardabaev Mardon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe consider the family $$\begin{aligned} {\widehat{{ H}}}_\mu := {\widehat{\varDelta }} {\widehat{\varDelta }} - \mu {\widehat{{ V}}},\qquad \mu \in {\mathbb {R}}, \end{aligned}$$

H
^

μ

:
=

Δ
^

Δ
^

-
μ

V
^

,

μ
∈
R
,

of discrete Schrödinger-type operators in d-dimensional lattice $${\mathbb {Z}}^d$$

Z

d

, where $${\widehat{\varDelta }}$$

Δ
^

is the discrete Laplacian and $${\widehat{{ V}}}$$

V
^

is of rank-one. We prove that there exist coupling constant thresholds $$\mu _o,\mu ^o\ge 0$$

μ
o

,

μ
o

≥
0

such that for any $$\mu \in [-\mu ^o,\mu _o]$$

μ
∈
[
-

μ
o

,

μ
o

]

the discrete spectrum of $${\widehat{{ H}_\mu }}$$

H
μ

^

is empty and for any $$\mu \in {\mathbb {R}}\setminus [-\mu ^o,\mu _o]$$

μ
∈
R
\
[
-

μ
o

,

μ
o

]

the discrete spectrum of $${\widehat{{ H}_\mu }}$$

H
μ

^

is a singleton $$\{e(\mu )\},$$

{
e
(
μ
)
}
,

and $$e(\mu )<0$$

e
(
μ
)
<
0

for $$\mu >\mu _o$$

μ
>

μ
o

and $$e(\mu )>4d^2$$

e

(
μ
)

>
4

d
2

for $$\mu <-\mu ^o.$$

μ
<
-

μ
o

.

Moreover, we study the asymptotics of $$e(\mu )$$

e
(
μ
)

as $$\mu \searrow \mu _o$$

μ
↘

μ
o

and $$\mu \nearrow -\mu ^o$$

μ
↗
-

μ
o

as well as $$\mu \rightarrow \pm \infty .$$

μ
→
±
∞
.

The asymptotics highly depends on d and $${\widehat{{ V}}}.$$

V
^

.
Daily Oral Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Continuation Among Women from Durban, South Africa, Who Initiated PrEP as Standard of Care for HIV Prevention in a Clinical Trial
Authors: Beesham Ivana , Joseph Davey Dvora L. , Beksinska Mags , Bosman Shannon , Smit Jenni , Mansoor Leila E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHIV incidence among women in Eastern and Southern Africa remains unacceptably high, highlighting the need for effective HIV prevention options, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes trial offered daily oral PrEP to participants during the latter part of the clinical trial as an additional HIV prevention choice. We explored daily oral PrEP continuation at trial exit among women enrolled from Durban, South Africa who initiated oral PrEP at the trial site. Of the 132 women initiating oral PrEP, 87% reported continuation of oral PrEP at month 1, 80% at month 3, and 75% continued using oral PrEP at their final trial visit and were referred to off-site facilities for ongoing oral PrEP access. The median duration of oral PrEP use in trial participants who used oral PrEP was 91 days (IQR 87 to 142 days). Women who disclosed their oral PrEP use to someone had increased odds of continuing oral PrEP at trial exit. Women who reported > 1 sex partner and those who felt they would probably or definitely get infected with HIV had reduced odds of continuing oral PrEP at trial exit. Of those discontinuing oral PrEP (n = 32), > 50% discontinued within the first month, and the most common reason for discontinuation was reporting side effects. The high rates of oral PrEP continuation in our study are encouraging and our findings can be utilized by other clinical trials providing oral PrEP as standard of care for HIV prevention and by oral PrEP implementation programmes.
Mapping sex differences in the effects of protein and carbohydrates on lifespan and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster: is measuring nutrient intake essential?
Authors: Carey Matthew R. , Archer C. Ruth , Rapkin James , Castledine Meaghan , Jensen Kim , House Clarissa M. , Hosken David J. , Hunt John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how diet affects reproduction and survival is a central aim in evolutionary biology. Although this relationship is likely to differ between the sexes, we lack data relating diet to male reproductive traits. One exception to this general pattern is Drosophila melanogaster, where male dietary intake was quantified using the CApillary FEeder (CAFE) method. However, CAFE feeding reduces D. melanogaster survival and reproduction, so may distort diet-fitness outcomes. Here, we use the Geometric Framework of Nutrition to create nutrient landscapes that map sex-specific relationships between protein, carbohydrate, lifespan and reproduction in D. melanogaster. Rather than creating landscapes with consumption data, we map traits onto the nutrient composition of forty agar-based diets, generating broad coverage of nutrient space. We find that male and female lifespan was maximised on low protein, high carbohydrate blends (~ 1P:15.9C). This nutrient ratio also maximised male reproductive rates, but females required more protein to maximise daily fecundity (1P:1.22C). These results are consistent with CAFE assay outcomes. However, the approach employed here improved female fitness relative to CAFE assays, while effects of agar versus CAFE feeding on male fitness traits depended on the nutrient composition of experimental diets. We suggest that informative nutrient landscapes can be made without measuring individual nutrient intake and that in many cases, this may be preferable to using the CAFE approach. The most appropriate method will depend on the question and species being studied, but the approach adopted here has the advantage of creating nutritional landscapes when dietary intake is hard to quantify.