bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequences and proteins that influence mRNA processing in Trypanosoma brucei: Evolutionary conservation of SR-domain and PTB protein functions
Authors: Waithaka Albina , Maiakovska Olena , Grimm Dirk , do Nascimento Larissa Melo , Clayton Christine 
Published: October 2022

Background
Spliced leader trans splicing is the addition of a short, capped sequence to the 5’ end of mRNAs. It is widespread in eukaryotic evolution, but factors that influence trans splicing acceptor site choice have been little investigated. In Kinetoplastids, all protein-coding mRNAs are 5’ trans spliced. A polypyrimidine tract is usually found upstream of the AG splice acceptor, but there is no branch point consensus; moreover, splicing dictates polyadenylation of the preceding mRNA, which is a validated drug target.

Methodology and principal findings
We here describe a trans splicing reporter system that can be used for studies and screens concerning the roles of sequences and proteins in processing site choice and efficiency. Splicing was poor with poly(U) tracts less than 9 nt long, and was influenced by an intergenic region secondary structure. A screen for signals resulted in selection of sequences that were on average 45% U and 35% C. Tethering of either the splicing factor SF1, or the cleavage and polyadenylation factor CPSF3 within the intron stimulated processing in the correct positions, while tethering of two possible homologues of Opisthokont PTB inhibited processing. In contrast, tethering of SR-domain proteins RBSR1, RBSR2, or TSR1 or its interaction partner TSR1IP, promoted use of alternative signals upstream of the tethering sites. RBSR1 interacts predominantly with proteins implicated in splicing, whereas the interactome of RBSR2 is more diverse.

Conclusions
Our selectable constructs are suitable for screens of both sequences, and proteins that affect mRNA processing in T. brucei. Our results suggest that the functions of PTB and SR-domain proteins in splice site definition may already have been present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor.
Victimization and witnessing of workplace bullying and physician-diagnosed physical and mental health and organizational outcomes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tsuno Kanami , Kawakami Norito , Tsutsumi Akizumi , Shimazu Akihito , Inoue Akiomi , Odagiri Yuko , Shimomitsu Teruichi 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundCompared to the numerous reports on mental health outcomes of workplace bullying victims, research on organizational outcomes of witnesses and physical health outcomes of victims and witnesses is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and witnessing and various physical and mental health outcomes and organizational outcomes such as sickness absence, work performance, and job satisfaction.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data from a nationally representative, community-based sample of 5,000 Japanese residents aged 20–60. We analyzed data from 1,496 respondents after excluding those not working at the time of the survey and those with missing values. Workplace bullying, psychological distress, physical complaints, and job satisfaction were assessed with the New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire and work performance with the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. In addition, subjective health status, physician-diagnosed mental or physical illness, and sickness absence were asked as one item. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis or Poisson regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between victimization/witnessing workplace bullying and health and organizational outcomes.ResultsBoth victimization and witnessing workplace bullying were significantly associated with psychological distress, physical complaints, subjective poor health, physician-diagnosed mental disorders, and job dissatisfaction. Victimization of workplace bullying was further associated with physician-diagnosed respiratory diseases, sickness absence (≥7 days), and poor work performance. Victims were absent from work for 4.5 more sick days and had 11.2% lower work performance than non-victims.ConclusionsThe results showed that both victimization and witnessing workplace bullying were significantly associated with physical and mental outcomes and various organizational outcomes. Organizations should implement further measures to prevent personal and organizational losses due to workplace bullying.
Societal cost of nine selected maternal morbidities in the United States
Authors: O’Neil Sasigant So , Platt Isabel , Vohra Divya , Pendl-Robinson Emma , Dehus Eric , Zephyrin Laurie , Zivin Kara 
Published: October 2022

Objective
To estimate the cost of maternal morbidity for all 2019 pregnancies and births in the United States.

Methods
Using data from 2010 to 2020, we developed a cost analysis model that calculated the excess cases of outcomes attributed to nine maternal morbidity conditions with evidence of outcomes in the literature. We then modeled the associated medical and nonmedical costs of each outcome incurred by birthing people and their children in 2019, projected through five years postpartum.

Results
We estimated that the total cost of nine maternal morbidity conditions for all pregnancies and births in 2019 was $32.3 billion from conception to five years postpartum, amounting to $8,624 in societal costs per birthing person.

Conclusion
We found only nine maternal morbidity conditions with sufficient supporting evidence of linkages to outcomes and costs. The lack of comprehensive data for other conditions suggests that maternal morbidity exacts a higher toll on society than we found.

Policy implications
Although this study likely provides lower bound cost estimates, it establishes the substantial adverse societal impact of maternal morbidity and suggests further opportunities to invest in maternal health.
Efficiency of Malaysian states in managing the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 and 2021
Authors: Isnain Abdul Rahim , Che Dom Nazri , Abdullah Samsuri , Precha Nopadol , Salim Hasber 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Many developing countries have drastically imbalanced health systems in different regions. The COVID-19 outbreak posed a further challenge as hospital structures, equipped with doctors, critical care units and respirators, were not available to a sufficient extent in all regions.

Objective
This study is a descriptive study on the efficiency of Malaysian states in facing the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methodology
The efficiency of all Malaysian states was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis in which each state’s Score of COVID Index (SCI) was quantified. The SCI of these states were then further compared between the year 2020 and 2021. A greater disparity would indicate a decline in the performance of a state over time, where nearly all the states in Malaysia experienced an increase in the score of COVID Index (SCI).

Result
This study found that the central region was the most affected, since all the three states in the region (Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, and Federal Territory of Putrajaya) showed a situation of inadequacy (SCI: >0.75) due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Conclusion
The ranking of Malaysia’s states according to their vulnerability to an outbreak of COVID-19 is vitally significant for the purposes of assisting the government and policymakers in planning their responses to the outbreak and ensuring that resources are distributed appropriately.
Associations between health-related quality of life and measures of adiposity among Filipino adults
Authors: Capuno Joseph , Kraft Aleli , Calicdan Kayleen Gene , O’Donnell Owen 
Published: October 2022

Objective
Estimate associations between the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and adiposity in a low-income population.

Methods
In a cluster random sample of 3796 Filipinos aged 40–70 years in Nueva Ecija province, we measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and six dimensions of HRQoL using the 20-item Short Form Health Survey. We stratified by sex and used nonparametric regression to graph mean HRQoL in each dimension by BMI, WC, and WHR. We used ordinary least squares regression to estimate differences in each HRQoL dimension by categories of BMI, WC, and WHR adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and smoking.

Results
Mean HRQoL was lowest for health perception (Males: 67.5 (SD = 15.9); Females: 66.7 (15.8)) and highest for role functioning (Males: 97.5 (12.9); Females: 97.4 (13.3)). Mean (SD) values of BMI, WC, and WHR were 22.1 (3.6), 84.8 cm (9.5), and 0.9 (0.1), respectively for males, and 23.7 (4.2), 86.5 cm (10.2), and 0.9 (0.1), respectively, for females. There was no evidence that higher BMI was associated with lower HRQoL. Adjusted mean social functioning was 4.92 (p = 0.076) higher for males with high BMI risk (8.6% prevalence) compared with acceptable BMI risk (50.3%). Mean social functioning was 3.61 (p = 0.012) and 5.48 (p = 0.017) lower for females with high WC (44.7%) and WHR (83.1%), respectively, compared with those with low WC (23.8%) and WHR (3.6%). Mean physical functioning was lower by 2.70 (p = 0.204) and 1.07 (p = 0.198) for males and females, respectively, with high compared with low WC. Mean physical functioning was 3.93 (p = 0.037) lower for males with high (7.6%) compared with low (38.8%) WHR. Mean role functioning was 1.09 (p = 0.124) and 2.46 (p = 0.158) lower for males with borderline and high WHR, respectively.

Conclusions
There is discordance between future adiposity-related health risk and current experience of HRQoL.
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 is associated with menstrual irregularities among women of reproductive age
Authors: Cherenack Emily M. , Salazar Ana S. , Nogueira Nicholas F. , Raccamarich Patricia , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Mantero Alejandro M. , Marsh Allison , Gerard Sophia , Maddalon Marissa , Jones Deborah L. , Klatt Nichole R. , Alcaide Maria L. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Biological and psychological mechanisms may be responsible for menstrual irregularities occurring among women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study design
From January 2019 to September 2021, women (18- to 45-years-old and not using hormonal contraception) were recruited in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Cross-sectional, self-report surveys collected data on menstrual irregularities, COVID-19 vaccination, stress, depression, and loneliness. A EUA approved rapid test assay using whole blood measured SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests described menstrual irregularities among women recruited before versus after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and with detectable versus undetectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. A logistic regression examined the relationship between the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and menstrual irregularities controlling for age, stress, depression, and loneliness.

Results
Among 182 women enrolled, 73 were enrolled after pandemic onset, and 36 provided vaccination data. Having detectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was associated with a higher percentage of menstrual irregularities among unvaccinated women (0% vs. 39%, p = .026) and among all women regardless of vaccination status (31% vs. 5%; p = .005). Adjusting for age and psychological variables, the odds of menstrual irregularities were 7.03 times (95% CI [1.39, 35.60]; p = .019) higher among women with detectable antibodies compared to women without detectable antibodies. Neither enrollment date, age, nor psychological factors were associated to menstrual irregularities.

Conclusions
Biological mechanisms related to SARS-CoV-2 infection may be responsible for irregular menstruation and should be further examined to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s health.
Machine learning predicts the short-term requirement for invasive ventilation among Australian critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Karri Roshan , Chen Yi-Ping Phoebe , Burrell Aidan J. C. , Penny-Dimri Jahan C. , Broadley Tessa , Trapani Tony , Deane Adam M. , Udy Andrew A. , Plummer Mark P. ,   for the SPRINT-SARI Australia Investigators
Published: October 2022

Objective(s)
To use machine learning (ML) to predict short-term requirements for invasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19 admitted to Australian intensive care units (ICUs).

Design
A machine learning study within a national ICU COVID-19 registry in Australia.

Participants
Adult patients who were spontaneously breathing and admitted to participating ICUs with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 20 February 2020 to 7 March 2021. Patients intubated on day one of their ICU admission were excluded.

Main outcome measures
Six machine learning models predicted the requirement for invasive ventilation by day three of ICU admission from variables recorded on the first calendar day of ICU admission; (1) random forest classifier (RF), (2) decision tree classifier (DT), (3) logistic regression (LR), (4) K neighbours classifier (KNN), (5) support vector machine (SVM), and (6) gradient boosted machine (GBM). Cross-validation was used to assess the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of machine learning models.

Results
300 ICU admissions collected from 53 ICUs across Australia were included. The median [IQR] age of patients was 59 [50–69] years, 109 (36%) were female and 60 (20%) required invasive ventilation on day two or three. Random forest and Gradient boosted machine were the best performing algorithms, achieving mean (SD) AUCs of 0.69 (0.06) and 0.68 (0.07), and mean sensitivities of 77 (19%) and 81 (17%), respectively.

Conclusion
Machine learning can be used to predict subsequent ventilation in patients with COVID-19 who were spontaneously breathing and admitted to Australian ICUs.
Principal eigenvalue problem for infinity Laplacian in metric spaces
Authors: Liu Qing , Mitsuishi Ayato 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article is concerned with the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem associated with the

∞

\infty

-Laplacian in metric spaces. We establish a direct partial differential equation approach to find the principal eigenvalue and eigenfunctions in a proper geodesic space without assuming any measure structure. We provide an appropriate notion of solutions to the

∞

\infty

-eigenvalue problem and show the existence of solutions by adapting Perron’s method. Our method is different from the standard limit process via the variational eigenvalue formulation for

p

p

-Laplacian in the Euclidean space.
Quantitation of cardiac troponin I in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case-control study
Authors: Ulndreaj Antigona , Brinc Davor , Altan Mehmet , Pons-Belda Oscar D. , Fernandez-Uriarte Amaia , Mu-Mosley Hong , Fattah Farjana , von Itzstein Mitchell S. , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Kulasingam Vathany , Palaskas Nicolas L. , Gerber David E. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Heymach John V. , Prassas Ioannis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) cause a variety of toxicities, including immune-related adverse events (irAEs), but there are no biomarkers to predict their development. Guidelines recommend measuring circulating cardiac troponin I (cTnI) during ICI therapy to detect related cardiotoxicities. Moreover, elevated cTnI has also been associated with worse outcomes in non-cardiac patients, including cancer. Thus here, we investigated whether cTnI levels were higher in patients with irAEs.

Methods
The study consisted of three groups; 21 cancer patients undergoing ICI immunotherapies who presented with irAEs, four patients without irAEs, and 20 healthy controls. Patient samples were assessed at baseline (n=25), during ICI treatment (n=25, median=6 weeks of treatment) and at toxicity (n=6, median=13 weeks of treatment). In addition to blood high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), anti-thyroglobulin (TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies were also quantitated to detect thyroid dysfunction, constituting the second leading toxicity (23.8%) after pneumonitis (28.6%).

Results
Four patients with irAEs (n=4/21; 19%) and one without irAEs (n=1/4; 25%) showed higher hs-cTnI levels at any time-point; the remaining had physiological levels. None of these patients developed cardiotoxicity. Concurrent elevated levels of anti-thyroid antibodies and hs-cTnI were detected in one patient with thyroid dysfunction (n=1/5, 20%). However, these antibodies were also elevated in three patients (n=3/16, 19%) with non-thyroid irAEs and in up to 40% of healthy controls.

Conclusions
hs-cTnI was not elevated in patients with irAEs, but larger studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Tangent curves to degenerating hypersurfaces
Authors: Barrott Lawrence Jack , Nabijou Navid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We study the behaviour of rational curves tangent to a hypersurface under degenerations of the hypersurface. Working within the framework of logarithmic Gromov–Witten theory, we extend the degeneration formula to the logarithmically singular setting, producing a virtual class on the space of maps to the degenerate fibre. We then employ logarithmic deformation theory to express this class as an obstruction bundle integral over the moduli space of ordinary stable maps. This produces new refinements of the logarithmic Gromov–Witten invariants, encoding the degeneration behaviour of tangent curves. In the example of a smooth plane cubic degenerating to the toric boundary we employ localisation and tropical techniques to compute these refinements. Finally, we leverage these calculations to describe how embedded curves tangent to a smooth cubic degenerate as the cubic does; the results obtained are of a classical nature, but the proofs make essential use of logarithmic Gromov–Witten theory.
Off-gas detection and treatment for green air-plasma process
Authors: Bai Liuyang , Ouyang Yuge , Wang Hongbing , Wang Min , Yuan Fangli 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThermal plasma is a promising technology widely used in materials processing and waste treatment due to its unique properties including high temperature, high energy density, high chemical activity, and high quench rate. Air-plasma is preferentially used because air is of low price as plasma gas. The content of NOxin off-gas from air-plasma was determined using a gas analyzer, and a treatment unit was designed for the green air-plasma process. Results show that the concentration of NOxin off-gas from air-plasma was 2,489 and 9,112 ppm when the plasma input power was 50 and 150 kW, respectively. O2in the off-gas would act as an oxidant to promote NOxabsorption; thus, alkali absorption method was directly used for the treatment of the present off-gas from air-plasma. The absorption efficiency could be increased to 62.2% when additional O2was provided into the off-gas to change its O2content from 20% to 50%. The absorption rate was estimated based on the experimental data and a multistage absorption unit design, which could be reduced below 100 ppm and meet the emission standard. This article presents the feasibility of thermal plasma off-gas purification, so as to truly realize the green plasma process.
Role of pan immune inflammatory value in the evaluation of hepatosteatosis in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Demiröz Taşolar Sevgi , Çiftçi Nurdan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Inflammation is a feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and plays an important role in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Since there are no studies in the literature showing the relationship between hepatosteatosis with the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), we aimed to evaluate the relationship between these biomarkers and hepatosteatosis in childhood.

Methods
We included 133 consecutive obese children and adolescents aged 6–18 years into this single-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Anthropometric, physical examination, radiological and laboratory data were obtained and recorded from the file records of each case.

Results
When we grouped the patient population according to the grade of hepatosteatosis, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of SII and PIV values (p<0.05, for both). In the analyzes performed to identify independent predictors of hepatosteatosis pubertal status (p=0.019) and PIV value (p<0.001) were found to be significant as independent predictors. Moreover, in the analysis performed to predict severity of hepatic steatosis, regression analysis was performed by dividing the groups into groups with and without severe adiposity. As a result of this analysis, HOMA-IR (p=0.019) and PIV value (p=0.028) were found to be significant in the prediction of severe hepatic adiposity.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that increased PIV levels were associated with the presence and severity of hepatic steatosis, but not with SII.
A brief and comprehensive history of the development and use of feed analysis: A review
Authors: Severe Jerald H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Currently, there are no general reviews that focus on feed analysis and its development from early to modern use. An objective of this review was to create a brief chronology of people, discoveries, and activities that were part of the development of modern feed analysis. Peer-reviewed, extension, and trade literature were used as resources in this review. Conference and symposia proceedings were also referenced. Some textbooks and PhD dissertations were cited. Finally, historic agricultural and other scientific literature dating from 1725 to 1936 were all used as sources. In modern society, feed analysis is more widely used than ever before in history, and interest in and utilization of feed analysis steadily increases. The history of feed analysis is not a simple chronological construct, since feed analysis has developed in conjunction with advancements and discoveries in chemistry, nutrition, and agricultural sciences. Using different systems of analysis, the evaluation of feeds has been practiced for millennia. Feed analysis, its categories, systems, methods, and applications are topics of universal interest among extension, education, and agricultural professionals. This review of people, practices, and events leading to the development of feed analyses can be a useful resource for anyone who wants to convey unique information about feed analysis and its history.