bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reframing fundraising research: The challenges and opportunities of interpretivist research practices and practitioner researchers in fundraising studies
Authors: Alborough Lesley , Hansen Ruth K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines interpretivism as an approach for researching fundraising practice as context and practice specific. In doing so, it highlights the agency of fundraisers and extends critical analysis of fundraising practice and its broader implications in ways that the dominant positivistic, functionalist literature does not. Building on previous comparisons of positivist and interpretivist approaches, we consider two fundraising studies, and benefits and challenges of using an interpretivist approach. These observations highlight both the complexity and messiness of interpretivist studies, and of the fundraising process. The paper concludes by discussing how these challenges can be managed through analytical iteration, adjustment, and pragmatism throughout the research process; while advocating for including more critical and dialectic approaches to research fundraising and fundraisers' broader practice.
Replacing sedentary time with light activity was associated with less adiposity across several depots in African ancestry men
Authors: Marron Megan M. , Cvejkus Ryan K. , Acevedo‐Fontanez Adrianna I. , Kuipers Allison L. , Nair Sangeeta , Carr John Jeffrey , Terry James G. , Wheeler Victor , Miljkovic Iva 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether displacement of sedentary time with activity was cross‐sectionally associated with less adiposity among Black Caribbean men in the Tobago Health Study.MethodsObjectively assessed activity was categorized as sedentary (< 1.5 metabolic equivalents; METs), light (≥ 1.5 to < 3.0 METs), or moderate‐to‐vigorous (≥ 3.0 METs) using the SenseWear Pro armband. Computed tomography scans of the chest, abdomen, liver, and thigh were used to assess subcutaneous and ectopic adipose tissue. The isotemporal substitution framework paired with linear regression was used to examine associations between activity and adiposity adjusting for age, height, total awake time, and multiple comparisons.ResultsOn average, participants (n = 271) were 63 years old with 11.2 h/d of sedentary behavior, 4.5 h/d of light activity, and 54 min/d of moderate‐to‐vigorous activity. Replacing sedentary time with light activity was cross‐sectionally associated with lower volume and higher density of abdominal and thigh subcutaneous adiposity, visceral adiposity, abdominal and thigh intermuscular adiposity, and pericardial adiposity and higher liver attenuation (p values ≤ 0.0001).ConclusionsDisplacement of sedentary time with light activity was associated with less adiposity among this Black Caribbean cohort. Interventions focused on increasing light activity may be easier to maintain than higher intensity interventions and thus may be more successful at reducing adiposity.
Extracardiovascular injury complications in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Liu Jie , Huang Yuqin , Qin Suyuan , Su Danyan , Ye Bingbing , Pang Yusheng 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTImportancePatients with Kawasaki disease (KD) experience various extracardiovascular injury complications, which may affect their outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of extracardiovascular complications in children with KD.MethodsThe clinical data of patients diagnosed with KD in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2003 to January 2021 were reviewed. The clinical characteristics and extracardiovascular complications were compared among patients stratified by age, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy responsiveness, and coronary status.ResultsA total of 511 patients with KD were included, 357 (69.9%) were aged 1–5 years. Children aged <1 year (21.5%) and boys (70.8%) were more likely to have coronary artery lesions (CALs). The incidence of incomplete KD was lowest in 1–5‐year‐old patients (19.6%). Involvement of the hematological system gradually decreased with age (<1 year, 51.8%; 1–5 years, 36.7%; >5 years, 29.5%), whereas the involvement of the joints gradually increased with age (<1 year, 2.7%; 1–5 years, 6.2%; >5 years, 20.5%). Nervous system involvement was more common in IVIG non‐responders (15.7% [13/83] vs. 5.4% [23/428], P = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in extracardiovascular injury complications between patients with or without CALs.InterpretationKD can involve multiple organ injuries as well as cardiovascular complications, and nervous systerm involvement may be more common in patients unresponsive to IVIG.
Impact of American Society of Anesthesiologists score on postoperative holmium enucleation of the prostate outcomes and complications
Authors: Soyster Mary E. , Agarwal Deepak , Slade Austen , Sahm Erica , Large Tim , Rivera Marcelino 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionsThe American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System (ASA) is a validated risk stratification method for patients undergoing surgery. There is an increased prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and comorbidities in our aging population. The role of ASA related to postoperative complications in patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) has not been described.MethodsA review of our database was performed for patients who underwent HoLEP from July 2018 to December 2020. Patients were stratified based on ASA score. Preoperative, perioperative, and complication data were analyzed using SAS analytics software.ResultsOf 472 patients undergoing HoLEP, 320 (67.8%) were ASA 3–4 patients. There was a statistically significant difference found in age (72.3 ± 9.8 vs. 69.1 ± 9.0 years, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (29.0 ± 5.9 vs. 27.3 ± 4.2, p = 0.004), and use of antiplatelet/anticoagulant medications (14.6% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001) in the ASA 3–4 group. There was no significant difference between prostate volume (p = 0.158) or catheter‐dependent urinary retention (p = 0.376). No difference was found in enucleation time (52.76 ± 24.8 vs. 54.16 ± 23.7 min, p = 0.587), OR specimen weight (70.24 ± 58.5 vs. 81.53 ± 65.9, p = 0.094). or intraoperative complications (2.8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.330). There were higher postoperative complications in the ASA 3–4 group (12.8% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.03), but no difference in Clavien ≥3 complications (p = 0.068). ASA 3–4 patients had similar postoperative international prostate symptom score (p = 0.159).ConclusionHoLEP is feasible and effective in patients who are ASA 3–4. The high‐risk cohort had an increased rate of low‐grade complications. Patients with an ASA score of 3–4 should be counseled regarding a higher rate of low‐grade complications.
Automated detection of the yellow‐legged hornet (Vespa velutina) using an optical sensor with machine learning
Authors: Herrera Cayetano , Williams Mark , Encarnação Joao , Roura‐Pascual Núria , Faulhaber Bastian , Jurado‐Rivera José Antonio , Leza Mar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe yellow‐legged hornet (Vespa velutina) is native to Southeast Asia and is an invasive alien species of concern in many countries. More effective management of populations of V. velutina could be achieved through more widespread and intensive monitoring in the field, however current methods are labor intensive and costly. To address this issue, we have assessed the performance of an optical sensor combined with a machine learning model to classify V. velutina and native wasps/hornets and bees. Our aim is to use the results of the present work as a step towards the development of a monitoring solution for V. velutina in the field.RESULTSWe recorded a total 935 flights from three bee species: Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis; and four wasp/hornet species: Polistes dominula, Vespula germanica, Vespa crabro and V. velutina. The machine learning model achieved an average accuracy for species classification of 80.1 ± 13.9% and 74.5 ± 7.0% for V. velutina. V. crabro had the highest level of misclassification, confused mainly with V. velutina and P. dominula. These results were obtained using a 14‐value peak and valley feature derived from the wingbeat power spectral density.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that the wingbeat recordings from a flying insect sensor can be used with machine learning methods to differentiate V. velutina from six other Hymenoptera species in the laboratory and this knowledge could be used to help develop a tool for use in integrated invasive alien species management programs. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Change in soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus after timber harvesting in northern hardwood forests
Authors: Puhlick Joshua J , Fernandez Ivan J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantifying changes in soil carbon (C) and nutrient stocks after timber harvesting is needed to inform C management and to ensure that forest productivity is sustained over time. Our objective was to assess changes in soil C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) 1 year after timber harvesting in temperate northern hardwood forests. We established permanent plots in forest stands for measuring forest attributes before and after harvesting. We collected soils from quantitative soil pits, which were associated with permanent plots, to determine total C, total N, and extractable P stocks and concentrations. Mean post‐harvest fine fraction organic (O) horizon C was less than the pre‐harvest stock, but we did not detect a statistically significant change in total O horizon or mineral soil C stocks. For the fine fractions of the O horizon and mineral soil from the 0–5 and 5–30 cm depth increments of the B horizon, total N and extractable P stocks were positively correlated with total C stocks. For all of these soil components, extractable P stocks and concentrations declined over time, which could be related to post‐harvest stand conditions that favored microbial activity and immobilization of available P. These findings indicate that P availability could be a concern in these forests and that long‐term monitoring is needed to consider potential management actions for ensuring that forest productivity is sustained.
Glacial rock flour reduces the hydrophobicity of Greenlandic cultivated soils
Authors: Weber Peter L. , Hermansen Cecilie , Pesch Charles , Moldrup Per , Greve Mogens H. , Blaesbjerg Natasha H. , Romero Gabriela Moreno , Arthur Emmanuel , de Jonge Lis Wollesen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSoil water repellency (WR) is ubiquitous across Greenlandic cultivated fields, which may constrain agricultural production. Fine‐grained glacial rock flour (GRF) is available in the surrounding landscape, which could serve as a soil amendment. We tested whether the application of GRF (rates of 0, 50, 100, 300, and 500 ton ha−1) reduced the WR across two field trials in South Greenland. The field trials, Upernaviarsuk (UP) and South Igaliku (SI), differed in clay (UP: 0.05–0.11 kg kg−1; SI: 0.03–0.05 kg kg−1) and organic carbon (OC) contents (UP: 0.04–0.13 kg kg−1; SI: 0.01–0.03 kg kg−1). We measured WR across gravimetric water contents (W) from oven‐dry to the W where WR ceased (WNON) to obtain whole WR‐W curves. Most soils became hydrophilic around air‐dry conditions at application rates of ≥300 ton ha−1, likely due to increased clay:OC ratios. Application rates of ≥300 ton ha−1 generally reduced the trapezoidal integrated area of the WR‐W curve (WRAREA), WNON, and WR after heat treatments at 105°C (WR105) and 60°C (WR60). The WR105 was significantly reduced in both fields at 500 ton ha−1, while WR60 was significantly reduced in UP at application rates of ≥300 ton ha−1. The GRF effects were masked by texture and OC variations. Normalizing WRAREA to the water vapor sorption isotherms (utilizing the Campbell‐Shiozawa model) revealed that GRF consistently reduced the normalized WRAREA. The SI field showed the largest reduction in the normalized WRAREA, likely due to its lower OC and clay contents. Thus, GRF could reduce WR across two Greenlandic field trials.
Complete nasal obstruction caused by a dentigerous cyst in a 4‐year‐old pug
Authors: Martinez Irene , Rich Andrew , Haseler James , Mielke Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, male, neutered pug was referred for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome evaluation. The patient had a history of exercise and warm weather intolerance, causing chronic clinical signs of nasal discharge and reverse sneezing. A computed tomography scan revealed an unerupted tooth within the left nasal cavity and rostral left nasal meatus with an associated cystic lesion, extending to the right side, causing complete obstruction of the nasal passage. The left maxillary canine tooth (204) was surgically extracted, and the surrounding cystic lining was extirpated. Histopathology identified the structure as a dentigerous cyst, with complete tissue margins, supporting a reduced likelihood of local recurrence. After 7 months, the patient had significantly improved and had no further episodes of nasal discharge.
Genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials
Authors: Landsiedel Robert , Honarvar Naveed , Seiffert Svenja Berit , Oesch Barbara , Oesch Franz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNanomaterials have outstanding and unprecedented advantageous material properties but may also cause adverse effects in humans upon exposure. Testing nanomaterials for genotoxic properties is challenging because traditional testing methods were designed for small, soluble molecules and may not be easily applicable without modifications. This review critically examines available genotoxicity tests for use with nanomaterials, including DNA damage tests such as the comet assay, gene mutation tests such as the mouse lymphoma and hprt assay, and chromosome mutation tests such as the micronucleus test and the chromosome aberration test. It presents arguments for the relative usefulness of various tests, such as preferring the micronucleus test over the chromosome aberration test for scoring chromosome mutations and preferring mammalian cell gene mutation tests because the Ames test has limited utility. Finally, it points out the open questions and further needs in adapting genotoxicity tests for nanomaterials, such as validation, reference nanomaterials, and the selection of top test concentrations, as well as the relevance and applicability of test systems and the need to define testing strategies.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Ergebnispräsentation
Authors: Gercke Marcus 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungIm ersten Teil der Analyse wurden Pearson-Korrelationen zwischen den fünf Einflussfaktoren (Einkommensungleichheit, Wohlstand, ethnische Fraktionalisierung, Vertrauen, Materialismusrate) und der Mordrate als Proxy für das Ausmaß von Gewalt in reichen Ländern geschätzt. Abbildungen 4.1 bis 4.3 zeigen die entsprechenden Ergebnisse für das gesamte und bereinigte Länderset. Der Vergleich zwischen den Ländersets zeigt, dass der Ausschluss von Ausreißen die Zusammenhänge in ihrer Höhe und Signifikanz durchaus beeinflusst.
An inequality on polarized endomorphisms
Authors: Hu Fei , Truong Tuyen Trung 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe show that assuming the standard conjectures, for any smooth projective varietyXof dimensionnover an algebraically closed field, there is a constant$$c>0$$c>0such that for any positive rational numberrand any polarized endomorphismfofX, we have$$\begin{aligned} \Vert G_r \circ f \Vert \le c \deg (G_r \circ f), \end{aligned}$$‖Gr∘f‖≤cdeg(Gr∘f),where$$G_r$$Gris a correspondence ofXso that for each$$0\le i\le 2n$$0≤i≤2n, its pullback action on thei-th Weil cohomology group is the multiplication-by-$$r^i$$rimap. This inequality is known to imply the generalized Weil Riemann hypothesis and is a special case of a more general conjecture by the authors’ work Hu and Truong (A dynamical approach to generalized Weil’s Riemann hypothesis and semisimplicity.arXiv:2102.04405v3, 2021).
Rolle, Arbeitsweise und Empfehlungen der Ständigen Impfkommission (STIKO) im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Vygen-Bonnet Sabine , Schlaberg Johanna , Koch Judith 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) ist ein ehrenamtliches Gremium, dessen 18 ExpertInnen vom Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) berufen werden. Die wissenschaftliche Arbeit der STIKO wird durch eine Geschäftsstelle am Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) unterstützt. Die STIKO erarbeitet unabhängige Impfempfehlungen für Deutschland mit der Methodik der evidenzbasierten Medizin (EBM).Während der COVID-19-Pandemie sah sich die STIKO mit großen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Innerhalb kürzester Zeit wurden mehrere COVID-19-Impfstoffe z. T. neuer Technologien zugelassen. Die Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung wurde nach dem jeweils aktuellen Wissensstand durchgeführt. Die Impfempfehlungen mussten fortlaufend angepasst werden an die sich stetig ändernde Epidemiologie von SARS-CoV‑2, zunehmende Impfstoffverfügbarkeiten, neue Zulassungen, Indikationserweiterungen und neue Sicherheitssignale (z. B. Sinusvenenthrombosen nach Vektor-basierten Impfstoffen). Die STIKO hat ihre Arbeitsweise der Situation angepasst und während der Pandemie Beeindruckendes geleistet. Sie hat auch unter Zeitdruck die EBM-Prinzipien beachtet und Impfempfehlungen basierend auf der jeweils verfügbaren Evidenz erarbeitet. Jede Impfempfehlung wurde vor der endgültigen Beschlussfassung in ein Stellungnahmeverfahren mit den betroffenen Fachkreisen (z. B. med. Fachgesellschaften, Gesundheitsbehörden) gegeben. Dabei wurde trotz der kurzen Fristen umfassend und konstruktiv kommentiert und der STIKO die Möglichkeit gegeben, ihre Empfehlungen unter Berücksichtigung der Stellungnahmen zu diskutieren, anzupassen und somit auf breiten Konsens zu bauen.Die zurückliegenden Monate haben gezeigt, dass es möglich und sinnvoll ist, Impfempfehlungen auch während einer Pandemie nach den Prinzipien der EBM zu erarbeiten. Ausreichende personelle Ressourcen in der STIKO-Geschäftsstelle sind dabei essentiell.
Shear traction‐separation laws of European beech under mode II loading by 3D digital image correlation
Authors: Gómez-Royuela José Luis , Majano-Majano Almudena , Lara-Bocanegra Antonio José , Xavier José , de Moura M. F. S. F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAn experimental and numerical study on mode II fracture behaviour of European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) in the RL and TL crack propagation systems is performed. It is a hardwood species that has attracted increasing interest for structural use in Europe in recent years. Three-point end notched flexure tests are performed. TheR-curves of both crack propagation systems are obtained, from which the critical strain energy release rate (GIIc) is derived by applying the compliance-based beam method. This data reduction scheme avoids crack length monitoring during its propagation, which is an advantage in wood. Using a direct method, the shear traction‐separation laws in mode II loading are determined. Full field displacements around the crack tip are monitored by 3D digital image correlation technique, and the crack tip shear displacements are analysed. The proposed method is numerically validated by finite element analysis. Cohesive zone models are developed implementing a shear traction–separation law with exponential damage evolution zone and the average value of the experimental elastic and fracture properties. The numerical results for the different properties including upper and lower limits represent well the experimental data.
Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of hexaferrite BaCo2Fe16O27 nanoparticles and their efficient lead removal from water
Authors: Arman M. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractW-hexaferrite BaCo2Fe16O27 was prepared using the citrate nitrate combustion method. The sample was characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX and elemental mapping. XRD confirmed that the sample was synthesized in a single phase hexagonal structure with an average crystallite size 37.39 nm. SEM images of the sample show a spongy morphology with the agglomerated grain owing to dipole interaction between the crystallites. The magnetic properties of BaCo2Fe16O27 were studied using H-M hysteresis loop and the DC magnetic susceptibility. The sample has a ferrimagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization 64.133 emu/g. The magnetic properties of BaCo2Fe16O27 are originated from the Fe3+–O–Fe3+ superexchange. The synthesized sample is used as an adsorbent to remove the heavy metal Pb2+ from water. BaCo2Fe16O27 has Pb2+ removal efficiency 99% and 28% at pH 8 and 7 respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the experimental data. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm fitted the experimental data well.
The neurocognitive disorder cohort RIFADE: Aims, methods, first results showing cognitive improvement in a subgroup
Authors: Baumann Bruno , Lipka Tim , Jänner Michaela , Kujovic Milenko 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The NCD cohort study RIFADE (RIsk FActors of DEmentia) investigates the interaction of risk factors and neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) due to Alzheimer’s disease (NCD-AD) and NCD of vascular type (NCD-vascular). Retrospective recruitment referred to a period from 2007 to 2018 in a single centre. In addition to the baseline visit, follow-up visits took place at 3, 6, 12 months followed by yearly visits. Visit times varied in part depending on adherence. The study also comprises an EEG bank and a bank with cerebral MRI (c-MRI).

Methods
Inclusion criteria were broad in order to cover a wide range of patterns of NCD. At baseline, patients underwent a large panel of assessments, e.g. including clinical history, diagnostic evaluation for NCD according to DSM-IV and NINDS AIREN criteria, a cognitive test battery including the DemTect, the clock drawing test and the Instrumental-Activities-of-Daily-Living-scale of Lawton and Brodie, EEG and c-MRI. At each follow-up visit, cognitive tests were repeated, in most cases also EEGs and in some cases c-MRIs. Numerous risk factors (RF) including vascular RF, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, sleep apnoea and lifestyle factors such as sedentary lifestyle, low cognitive style and smoking were evaluated for presence and for correction status at each visit, and modulation of uncorrected RF was initiated.

Results
Overall, 126 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of NCD were included (52% female, mean age 71 ± 10.6 years (range 35e86)), number of follow-up visits per subject 2.9 ± 2.4, observation time per subject 3.4 ± 2.8 years). Of these, 55/28/17% presented with the clinical stages subjective cognitive decline (SCD)/mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia (major NCD). Clinical diagnoses, retrospectively re-evaluated according to DSM-5, were 5/21/68/6% Alzheimer´s disease (NCD-AD)/vascular NCD (NCD-vascular) / mixed NCD (NCD-AD + NCD-vascular)/unspecified NCD. First longitudinal results revealed a mean DemTect score at baseline 12.6 ± 4.2 vs last visit 12.0 ± 4.8 (p = 0.08) and a clock drawing test score at baseline 1.9 ± 1.3 vs last visit 2.3 ± 1.5 (p < 0.0001). Of all subjects with MCI or major NCD (n = 57), 19 improved in the clinical stage from baseline to last visit (33.3%). Sixteen subjects progressed from SCD or MCI (n = 104) to major NCD (15.4%).

Conclusion
The German NCD cohort RIFADE comprises patients with all clinical stages of NCD. A considerable subgroup improved in clinical stage. Further analysis is needed to answer the question of whether modulation of multiple risk factors provides a favourable effect on cognitive outcome in NCD.