bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and psychosis, depression, obsession and quality of life in Lebanese patients with schizophrenia: Any changes after 5 months of quarantine?
Authors: Haddad Chadia , Dib Joseph E. , Akl Nadine , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous research revealed an absence of any previous studies reporting the impact that pandemics may have on psychotic symptomology, nor on the physical health of people with psychosis in response to the epidemics of the COVID-19. The direction of the impact of the COVID-19 on schizophrenia is unknown, as the risk of infection could vary from patients to patients according to clinical comorbidities, cognitive impairment, acute symptoms, and family support. To the best of our knowledge, no study has provided details on the variation of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia during the quarantine of COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, the primary objective of the study is to investigate the variation of psychotic symptoms, depression, obsession and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia before and after 5 months of quarantine and evaluate factors associated with these variations during the quarantine period.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 190 chronic patients institutionalized for schizophrenia for more than 1 year at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross. The baseline assessment was done in December 2019; the second assessment was done in August 2020 (5 months after the lockdown).

Results
Getting updates about the coronavirus minimally, some and most of the times were significantly associated with a decrease in positive psychotic and psychopathologic symptoms 5 months after quarantine compared to before it. Practicing religiosity some and all the time versus not was significantly associated with a decrease in negative, psychopathology symptoms and total PANSS score after 5 months of quarantine compared to before it. Finally, female gender (B = 1.77) was significantly associated with an increase in the WHO Domain 3 score (better social relations) after 5 months of quarantine compared to before it.

Conclusion
Patients with schizophrenia fare better symptomatically after 5 months of quarantine if they receive constant updates about COVID-19 and if they tended to practice religiosity.
The value revitalization model of Qajar religious schools in Tehran
Authors: Taher Tolou Del Mohammad Sadegh , Saleh Sedghpour Bahram , Kamali Tabrizi Sina 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Religious schools are institutions for teaching Islamic sciences. Nowadays, many religious schools in Tehran, which were built during the Qajar period, have been destroyed due to natural erosion and urban expansion. Since there is no comprehensive research on the conservation and revitalization of these schools, the present study aims to model the value revitalization of Qajar religious schools in Tehran. The present research is a mixed-methods study (a qualitative-quantitative study using a simulation). The data required are collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population includes school teachers who complete the structured questionnaire after visiting the schools through a virtual tour. The teachers are selected using a random sampling technique and the sample size (number of participated teachers) is 948. The sampling adequacy is confirmed with the KMO test. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire are also verified by Cronbach's alpha and the model fit index, respectively. The data are analyzed by modeling and path analysis in SPSS and AMOS software. Research results show that architectural phenomena (i.e., independent variable), through value conservation (i.e., mediator variable), have the most significant effect on the value revitalization (i.e., dependent variable) of Qajar religious schools in Tehran. Also, the path analysis shows three essential relations with a large effect size in the model: (1) The conservation of compound values influenced by social interactions in the building revitalizes the semi-tangible aesthetic factor of the building; (2) The conservation of physical values influenced by the building structure revitalizes the tangible aesthetic factor of the building; and (3) The conservation of semantic values influenced by the moral values of the building revitalizes the intangible aesthetic and educational factors of the building. In value revitalization, two basic aesthetic and educational factors play the most important role because they do not influence any other variable while all variables influence them.
Semantic segmentation and photogrammetry of crowdsourced images to monitor historic facades
Authors: Liu Ziwen , Brigham Rosie , Long Emily Rosemary , Wilson Lyn , Frost Adam , Orr Scott Allan , Grau-Bové Josep 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Crowdsourced images hold information could potentially be used to remotely monitor heritage sites, and reduce human and capital resources devoted to on-site inspections. This article proposes a combination of semantic image segmentation and photogrammetry to monitor changes in built heritage sites. In particular, this article focuses on segmenting potentially damaging plants from the surrounding stone masonry and other image elements. The method compares different backend models and two model architectures: (i) a one-stage model that segments seven classes within the image, and (ii) a two-stage model that uses the results from the first stage to refine a binary segmentation for the plant class. The final selected model can achieve an overall IoU of 66.9% for seven classes (54.6% for one-stage plant, 56.2% for two-stage plant). Further, the segmentation output is combined with photogrammetry to build a 3D segmented model to measure the area of biological growth. Lastly, the main findings from this paper are: (i) With the help of transfer learning and proper choice of model architecture, image segmentation can be easily applied to analyze crowdsourcing data. (ii) Photogrammetry can be combined with image segmentation to alleviate image distortions for monitoring purpose. (iii) Beyond the measurement of plant area, this method has the potential to be easily transferred into other tasks, such as monitoring cracks and erosion, or as a masking tool in the photogrammetry workflow.
Detection of fickle trolls in large-scale online social networks
Authors: Shafiei Hossein , Dadlani Aresh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOnline social networks have attracted billions of active users over the past decade. These systems play an integral role in the everyday life of many people around the world. As such, these platforms are also attractive for misinformation, hoaxes, and fake news campaigns which usually utilize social trolls and/or social bots for propagation. Detection of so-called social trolls in these platforms is challenging due to their large scale and dynamic nature where users’ data are generated and collected at the scale of multi-billion records per hour. In this paper, we focus on fickle trolls, i.e., a special type of trolling activity in which the trolls change their identity frequently to maximize their social relations. This kind of trolling activity may become irritating for the users and also may pose a serious threat to their privacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that introduces mechanisms to detect these trolls. In particular, we discuss and analyze troll detection mechanisms on different scales. We prove that the order of centralized single-machine detection algorithm is$$O(n^3)$$O(n3)which is slow and impractical for early troll detection in large-scale social platforms comprising of billions of users. We also prove that the streaming approach where data is gradually fed to the system is not practical in many real-world scenarios. In light of such shortcomings, we then propose a massively parallel detection approach. Rigorous evaluations confirm that our proposed method is at least six times faster compared to conventional parallel approaches.
TIPS improves outcomes in patients with HCC and symptomatic portal hypertension: a multi-institution experience
Authors: Yan Huzheng , Qiu Zhenkang , Xiang Zhanwang , Feng Kai , Huang Mingsheng , Gao Fei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with symptomatic portal hypertension (SPH) has poor prognosis. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) relieves SPH, but its application in HCC remains unclear. We evaluated TIPS efficacy in patients with HCC and SPH.

Methods
Pre- and post-TIPS Child–pugh(C–P) scores and stages in 123 HCC patients with SPH from three centers were compared. The impact of postoperative C–P stage indicators on overall survival (OS) was explored.

Results
Post-TIPS responses to SPH included complete response (CR) (92 [74.8%]), partial response (PR) (23 [18.7%]), and nonresponse (NR) (8 [6.5%]). The control (proportion of CR and PR) for SPH was 93.5%. Median C–P scores pre-TIPS and at one month post-TIPS were 8 (IQR 6–9) and 7 (IQR 6–8), respectively (P < 0.001). Forty-one (33.3%) patients had C–P downstaging; 73 (59.3%) had lowered C–P scores; and 73 (59.3%) received intrahepatic local therapy post-TIPS. The median OS was 10.7 (1.1–55.2) months. Among the five indicators of C–P stage, lower post-TIPS ascites grading [(0/1)/(2/3); P = 0.014, HR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.12–0.79)] and bilirubin [< 34/ ≥ 34 µmol/L; P = 0.022, HR = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.23–0.82)] and prothrombin time prolongation < 6 s [< 6/ ≥ 6 s; P = 0.001, HR = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.06–0.47)] were independent protective indicators of OS. These three indicators were included in the nomogram model to predict survival probabilities.

Conclusions
TIPS is safe and effective for HCC with SPH. This procedure can relieve the symptoms, enable subsequent antitumor therapy, and bring survival benefits, possibly through improved liver function by reducing C–P stage.
Effect of population density on oviposition, development, and survival of Alloeocranum biannulipes (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) preying on Dinoderus porcellus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle , Toffa Joelle , Gavoedo Dieudonné Martin , Kitherian Sahayaraj , Orobiyi Azize , Tamò Manuele 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Alloeocranum biannulipes Montr. and Sign.(Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is a predator present in stored yam chips and a promising biological control agent against Dinoderus porcellus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Numerical responses of A. biannulipes to different densities (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8) of D. porcellus larvae were evaluated under ambient laboratory conditions (T°: 25 ± 2 °C; RH: 75–80%; photoperiod 12:12 h (L/D)). The number of consumed prey, duration of pre-oviposition and oviposition, number of eggs laid, pre-imaginal development times and mortality rate of the predator were recorded.

Results
The results revealed that A. biannulipes females preying on the highest larval density of D. porcellus (8) presented the highest predation rate (4.34 ± 0.18 larvae/predator/day), shortest pre-oviposition period (11.01 ± 0.57 days) and the highest oviposition period (15.83 ± 1.02 days). The daily number of eggs laid by A. biannulipes female (y) as a function of the number of D. porcellus larvae consumed (x) was modelled by the equation y = 0.158x2 – 0.4073x + 3.8151 (R2 = 0.571). The efficiency of prey conversion into eggs of A. biannulipes females decreased with increased prey density. The prey density did not affect the hatching rate of A. biannulipes eggs and the pre-imaginal development times. However, A. biannulipes nymphs fed with more (2 to 8) D. porcellus showed a significantly higher survival rate than those fed with a single larva.

Conclusions
The positive numerical response of A. biannulipes suggests that this predator could play a key role in biological control program against D. porcellus.
Relation of serum level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to cognitive functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: El-Kattan Manal Mahmoud , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Shazly Sara Refaat , Ismail Rania Shehata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammation is suggested to play a role in the development of non-motor Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptoms. We aimed to investigate the association between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and cognition in PD patients. Thirty patients with PD and 30 healthy controls were included. Evaluation and staging of PD were done using Unified PD Rating Scale. Cognitive assessment was done using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (ACE-III) and trail making B tests. Measurement of serum levels of TNF-α was done.

Results
Patients had significantly worser cognitive scores than controls except for language subclass of ACE score. Mean serum TNF-α level was significantly greater in PD patients as compared to controls. TNF-α serum level was significantly negatively correlated with ACE visuospatial function. Sensitivity and specificity of TNF-α to detect cognitive dysfunction in PD using ACE III and trail making B tests were (73.1, 75%), (57.1, 56.2%), respectively, whereas sensitivity and specificity of TNF-α to detect severity of PD using H&Y staging in PD were 50%.

Conclusion
Patients with PD frequently have cognitive impairment. Elevated serum TNF-α levels in patients with PD, and association of this cytokine to visuospatial impairment, implicate this pro-inflammatory cytokine in the neurobiology of cognitive impairment in PD.
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma with high-grade transformation: case report
Authors: Hasan Nadia , Moatasim Ambreen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) described as an entity with low-grade and low malignant potential. This report presents a high-grade transformation of MTSCC which is an uncommon finding in this subtype of RCC. Although most reported cases showed low malignant potential and good prognosis after surgical resection, a small subset of patients has been reported with aggressive phenotype and fatal outcome.

Case presentation
A case of a 23-year-old male is discussed with an incidental renal mass in the left kidney after a workup of bilateral flank pain. Morphologically, the tumor was composed of tubular structures lined by cuboidal cells mixed with spindle cells and sarcomatoid change was present in the tumor. Previously sarcomatoid change has been mostly reported along with conventional morphology in other common type of RCC with a worse prognosis.

Conclusions
The aim of this report is to draw the attention of pathologists and clinicians to the importance of high grade MTSCC owing to the unfavorable prognosis.
Gender inequalities in the sale of handmade corn tortillas in central Mexican markets: before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cárdenas-Marcelo Alma Lili , Espinoza-Ortega Angélica , Vizcarra-Bordi Ivonne 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze gender inequalities and intersectionality experienced by rural-indigenous women who produce and sell native maize tortillas at three different markets-tianguis in central Mexico, facing the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis was a qualitative study based on 36 in-depth interviews before pandemic (2018), as well as 16 interviews during pandemic (2020) of women engaged in this work.ResultsMaking corn tortillas by hand is one of the culturally assigned gender roles in the indigenous population of the Mazahua region, which is why their sale in local markets as a female strategy to have access to income for household sustenance has been widely by the communities. The configuration of the different market-space for the sale of handmade tortillas, reflects the inequalities of gender and intersectionality (ethnicity, class, age, family life cycle and education levels). The women in conditions of poverty, landlessness, and with school-age children, have met greater disadvantages in continuing to sell tortillas in the face of the experience of pandemic restrictions.ConclusionsThe women who were already disadvantaged by their intersectional relationships continue to experience the same inequalities that conditioned their position in the marketplaces before the pandemic, sustaining a marginal but constant market.
Facilitators and barriers to the consumption of traditional foods among adults in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chopera Prosper , Zimunya Praise R. , Mugariri Felistas M. , Matsungo Tonderayi M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTraditional foods have superior nutritional composition; however, they are largely absent from the Zimbabwean diet.ObjectiveTo identify barriers and facilitators to the consumption of traditional foods among adults aged 18–69 years in Zimbabwe.MethodsAn online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults aged 18–69 years in Zimbabwe. The questionnaire was based on a socio-ecological model designed to assess barriers and facilitators at the individual, interpersonal, community, and national levels. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 20 software package. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/B/1931).ResultsThe study enrolled 440 participants. Traditional food consumption was low in this population with only 9.3% consuming these foods daily. At the individual level, 44.4% of study participants mentioned their consumption of traditional foods is facilitated by generational factors, while the most important barrier at this level was the inconvenience in accessing and preparing traditional foods (33.2%). At the community and national levels, the most important facilitator was family members (26.2%) and lack of environmental contaminants (38.9%), respectively, while most important barrier at the community and national levels was their residential location or residence (31.8%) and aggressive marketing of processed foods (47.8%), respectively.ConclusionsConsumption of traditional foods was low in general. Generational factors, family contribution, and food safety impact the consumption of traditional foods among adults in Zimbabwe. The food environment, particularly commercial advertising of alternative foods, is a deterrent. Therefore, interventions to promote the consumption of traditional foods must take into account these factors at every stage of the socio-ecological model.
Implementation Degree Assessment Sheet for Health Program in Japan by Customizing CFIR: Development and Validation
Authors: Okamoto Reiko , Kageyama Masako , Koide Keiko , Tanaka Miho , Yamamoto Yoshiko , Fujioka Mana , Osuna Ayami , Saeki Kazuko , Hirokane Kazue , Nagano Fusami , Takemura Shinji 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
More than 70% of public health nurses in Japan belong to government agencies, and there is a need for further evidence-based capacity development for program implementation. The purpose of this research was to develop an Implementation Degree Assessment Sheet (IDAS) by customizing the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to health programs in Japan.

Methods
The draft IDAS (five domains, 31 constructs) created by customizing the CFIR was refined by the researchers and modified through pre-testing. The survey covered full-time public health nurses (PHNs) affiliated to all prefectures and the cities with health centers of Japan. The survey was conducted as an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey by mail.

Results
One hundred eighty-five of the 334 institutions (55.4%) agreed to participate in our survey. Of the 966 questionnaire forms distributed, 709 forms (73.4%) were collected, of which 702 responses (72.7%) were valid. No item required consideration of deletion based on the results of item analysis, and our confirmatory factor analysis on model fitness between the five IDAS domains and CFIR showed sufficient fit indices after modification. With regard to reliability, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha, a measure of internal consistency, stayed above 0.8 overall. Our verification of stability with the split-half (odd/even) method resulted in a Spearman–Brown reliability coefficient of 0.95. The correlation coefficient between the IDAS scores and the research utilization competency score, used as an external criterion, was 0.51 (p<0.001), supporting the coexistence validity of the criterion-related validity of the IDAS. The significant differences were observed between known-groups, supporting the known-group validity of the IDAS.

Conclusion
This study developed the IDAS and confirmed constant reliability and validity. Hereafter, it is necessary to promote the required capacity development based on the actual degree of implementation in order to use the IDAS for the competency development of public health nurses and related professions to deliver health programs.
Vocal fold myxoma: a case report and review of current literature
Authors: Nasir Zuraini Mohammad , Mohamed Mohd Hazmi , Bakrin Ikmal Hisyam , Liang Loh Tze 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Vocal fold myxoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor with unknown exact etiology. The aim of this report is to review current literature on demographic and clinical features of vocal fold myxomas in order to increase awareness among otorhinolaryngologists on management of this rare vocal fold pathology.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 46-year-old female teacher presented with 1 year history of progressive dysphonia with no airway obstructive or constitutional symptoms. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed a polypoid mass at the anterior two thirds of the left vocal fold. We proceeded with endolaryngeal microsurgery, where a left vocal fold mass with prominent overlying blood vessels was incompletely excised due to poor plane, in an attempt to prevent injury to vocal ligament. The histopathological findings were consistent with myxoma. No evidence of recurrence was noted at 2 months postoperatively.

Conclusions
Vocal fold myxoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of vocal fold pathology clinically resembling vocal fold polyp, especially in older male adults. Complete excision with removal of a rim of surrounding tissue is the gold-standard treatment to prevent recurrence. If diagnosis is uncertain, intraoperative frozen section can be performed to ensure margins are free from tumor. Life-long follow-up is recommended in incomplete excision of tumor.
Serum interleukin-6 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and its relation to severity and acute exacerbation
Authors: Hussein Fatma G. M. , Mohammed Randa S. , Khattab Rasha A. , Al-Sharawy Laila A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe role of interleukins in the severity and clinical profile of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not known, but evidence supports the contribution of systemic inflammation to disease pathophysiology. This study evaluated the relationship of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) to the severity and clinical parameters of COPD.Aim of workThe aim of the work is to estimate the level of IL-6 in COPD patients and its relation to COPD severity and acute exacerbation.Patients and methodWe analyzed 45 COPD patients and 45 normal population as control. We estimate the IL-6 level by ELISA and correlate it with the severity and frequency of COPD exacerbation.ResultsIn the current study, we noticed that IL-6 level was high in COPD patients and in those who experience frequent exacerbation. Also, IL-6 show a relation with the parameter of pulmonary function test; there is a statistically significant negative correlation withp-value < 0.05 between the level of IL-6 and the forced expired volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (EFV1/FVC) among cases with COPD, which indicated that decrease in EFV/FVC will associate with the increase in IL-6 level.ConclusionsThe study revealed that serum IL-6 level elevated with increasing severity of airflow limitation in COPD patients, particularly in acute exacerbation phase. This increase was associated with a reduced quality of life and increased severity of hypoxemia.