bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Lights4Violence intervention on the sexism of adolescents in European countries
Authors: Sanz-Barbero Belén , Ayala Alba , Ieracitano Francesca , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Bowes Nicola , De Claire Karen , Mocanu Veronica , Anton-Paduraru Dana-Teodora , Sánchez-SanSegundo Miriam , Albaladejo-Blázquez Natalia , das Neves Ana Sofia Antunes , da Silva Queirós Ana Sofia , Jankowiak Barbara , Waszyńska Katarzyna , Vives-Cases Carmen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Sexism results in a number of attitudes and behaviors that contribute to gender inequalities in social structure and interpersonal relationships. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Lights4Violence, an intervention program based on promoting health assets to reduce sexist attitudes in young European people.

Methods
We carried out a quasi-experimental study in a non-probabilistic population of 1146 students, aged 12–17 years. The dependent variables were the difference in the wave 1 and wave 2 values in the subscales of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory: benevolent sexism (BS) and hostile sexism (HS). The effect of the intervention was evaluated through linear regression analyses stratified by sex. The models were adjusted by baseline subscales scores, socio-demographic and psychological variables.

Results
In girls, we observed a decrease in BS in the intervention group compared to the control group (β = − 0.101; p = 0.006). In the wave2,, BS decreased more in the intervention group compared to the control group in girls with mothers with a low level of education (β = − 0.338; p = 0.001), with a high level of social support (β = − 0.251; p < 0.001), with greater capacity for conflict resolution (β = − 0.201; p < 0.001) and lower levels of aggressiveness (β = − 0.232, p < 0.001). In boys, the mean levels of HS and BH decreased in wave 2 in both the control and intervention groups. The changes observed after the wave 2 were the same in the control group and in the intervention group. No significant differences were identified between both groups.

Conclusions
The implementation of the Lights4Violence was associated with a significant reduction in BS in girls, which highlights the potential of interventions aimed at supporting the personal competencies and social support. It is necessary to reinforce the inclusion of educational contents that promote reflection among boys about the role of gender and the meaning of the attributes of masculinity.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov
: NCT03411564. Unique Protocol ID: 776905. Date registered: 26-01-2018.
Recruitment strategies to promote uptake of cervical cancer screening in the West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Pham Marie-Anne , Benkortbi Khadidja , Kenfack Bruno , Tincho Foguem Eveline , Sormani Jessica , Wisniak Ania , Lemoupa Makajio Sophie , Manga Engelbert , Vassilakos Pierre , Petignat Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The World Health Organization’s (WHO) global strategy for cervical cancer elimination has set the target of 70% of women screened in all countries by 2030. Community sensitization through media is often used, but community health workers’ (CHW) involvement may contribute to improving screening coverage. We aimed to assess effectiveness and costs of two cervical cancer screening recruitment strategies conducted in a low-resource setting.

Methods
The study was conducted in the West Region of Cameroon, in the Health District of Dschang, a community of 300,000 inhabitants. From September 2018 to February 2020, we recruited and screened women for cervical cancer in a single-visit prevention campaign at Dschang District Hospital. During the first 9 months, recruitment was only based on Community Information Channels (CIC) (e.g.. street banners). From the tenth month, participation of CHW was added in the community after training for cervical cancer prevention counselling. Population recruitment was compared between the two strategies by assessing the number of recruited women and direct costs (CHW costs included recruitment, teaching, certification, identification badge, flyers, transport, and incentives). The intervention’s cost-effectiveness was expressed using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results and discussion
During the period under study, 1940 women were recruited, HPV positive rate was 18.6% (n = 361) and 39 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) were diagnosed. Among included participants, 69.9% (n = 1356) of women were recruited through CIC as compared to 30.1% (n = 584) by CHW. The cost per screened woman and CIN2+ diagnosed was higher in the CHW group. The ICER was 6.45 USD or 16.612021Int’l$ per screened woman recruited by CHW. Recruitment in rural areas increased from 12.1 to 61.4% of all women included between CIC-led and CHW-led interventions. These outcomes highlight the importance of training, preparing, and deploying CHW to screen hard-to-reach women, considering that up to 45% of Cameroon’s population lives in rural areas.

Conclusion
CHW offer an important complement to CIC for expanding coverage in a sub-Saharan African region such as the West Region of Cameroon. CHW play a central role in building awareness and motivation for cervical cancer screening in rural settings.
Intersecting sex-related inequalities in self-reported testing for and prevalence of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) risk factors in Kerala
Authors: Negi Jyotsna , Sankar D Hari , Nair Arun B. , Nambiar Devaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are among India’s top burdens, particularly in states like Kerala, which is at an advanced stage of the epidemiological transition. Evidence in India points towards intersectional inequalities in risk factors of NCDs and testing, both of which are understudied in Kerala. We estimated the self-reported testing and prevalence of key NCD risk factors—blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose (BG) comparing Kerala men and women across educational, wealth, religion, as well as caste and tribal status subgroups.MethodA multistage random sample survey of 3398 women and 2982 men aged 30 years and over was administered in 4 districts of Kerala from July to October 2019. Descriptive analysis for men and women was undertaken using survey weights. Slope index of Inequality and Relative Concentration Index for wealth and education related inequalities, and, Weighted Mean Difference from Mean and Index of Disparity for caste and tribal status, as well as religion related inequalities were calculated using World Health Organisation’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit Plus and Stata 12.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of women reported BP and BG testing by medical personnel in the previous year than men (BP Testing among Women (BPTw): 90.3% vs BP Testing among Men (BPTM):80.8%, BG Testing among Women (BGTw): 86.2% vs BG Testing among Women (BGTM):78.3%). Among those tested, more women (11.2%) than men (7.9%) reported High Blood Pressure (HBP) but not High Blood Glucose (HBG). Testing for BP was concentrated among less-educated women while BG testing was concentrated among both less educated women and men. HBP and HBG were concentrated among less educated and wealthier groups. Although sex differences were insignificant across caste and tribal status and religion subgroups, magnitude of inequalities was high for HBP and HBG.ConclusionDistinct patterns of sex inequalities were present in self-reported testing and prevalence of NCD risk factors in Kerala. Education and wealth seem to be associated with testing while prevalence appeared to vary by religious groups. Given the low rates of illiteracy, it is encouraging but maybe a data artefact that a small population of less-educated persons was getting tested; however, exclusion of poor groups and inequalities by other dimensions raise concerns. Further exploration is needed to understand underlying mechanisms of these inequalities to ensure we leave no one behind.
Comparing six cardiovascular risk prediction models in Haiti: implications for identifying high-risk individuals for primary prevention
Authors: Yan Lily D. , Lookens Pierre Jean , Rouzier Vanessa , Théard Michel , Apollon Alexandra , St Preux Stephano , Kingery Justin R. , Jamerson Kenneth A. , Deschamps Marie , Pape Jean W. , Safford Monika M. , McNairy Margaret L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are rapidly increasing in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Accurate risk assessment is essential to reduce premature CVD by targeting primary prevention and risk factor treatment among high-risk groups. Available CVD risk prediction models are built on predominantly Caucasian risk profiles from high-income country populations, and have not been evaluated in LMIC populations. We aimed to compare six existing models for predicted 10-year risk of CVD and identify high-risk groups for targeted prevention and treatment in Haiti.

Methods
We used cross-sectional data within the Haiti CVD Cohort Study, including 1345 adults ≥ 40 years without known history of CVD and with complete data. Six CVD risk prediction models were compared: pooled cohort equations (PCE), adjusted PCE with updated cohorts, Framingham CVD Lipids, Framingham CVD Body Mass Index (BMI), WHO Lipids, and WHO BMI. Risk factors were measured during clinical exams. Primary outcome was continuous and categorical predicted 10-year CVD risk. Secondary outcome was statin eligibility.

Results
Sixty percent were female, 66.8% lived on a daily income of ≤ 1 USD, 52.9% had hypertension, 14.9% had hypercholesterolemia, 7.8% had diabetes mellitus, 4.0% were current smokers, and 2.5% had HIV. Predicted 10-year CVD risk ranged from 3.6% in adjusted PCE (IQR 1.7–8.2) to 9.6% in Framingham-BMI (IQR 4.9–18.0), and Spearman rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.86 to 0.98. The percent of the cohort categorized as high risk using model specific thresholds ranged from 1.8% using the WHO-BMI model to 41.4% in the PCE model (χ2 = 1416, p value < 0.001). Statin eligibility also varied widely.

Conclusions
In the Haiti CVD Cohort, there was substantial variation in the proportion identified as high-risk and statin eligible using existing models, leading to very different treatment recommendations and public health implications depending on which prediction model is chosen. There is a need to design and validate CVD risk prediction tools for low-middle income countries that include locally relevant risk factors.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov NCT03892265.
Alcohol abuse as a potential risk factor of solitary death among people living alone: a cross-sectional study in Kyoto, Japan
Authors: Miyamori Daisuke , Kamitani Tsukasa , Ogawa Yusuke , Idota Nozomi , Ikegaya Hiroshi , Ito Masanori , Yamamoto Yosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Solitary death is an emerging public health problem in developed countries. Alcohol abuse is associated with social isolation and excess mortality. However, data on the association between alcohol abuse and solitary death are limited. Our purposes were to assess whether alcohol abuse is associated with a long interval from death to discovery among people living alone.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study using the data on subjects from the largest forensic database in Kyoto, Japan, from February 2012 to December 2015. Solitary death was defined as a phenomenon of dying alone at home and remaining undiscovered for more than 1 week. All the subjects who lived alone and aged over 18 at the time of death were included in the study. The presence of alcohol abuse was identified via an investigation during home visits. Proportional ratios were calculated using a fitted logit model to evaluate the association of alcohol abuse on solitary death after adjusting for possible confounders.

Results
A total of 235 subjects were included in the analysis. The mean age (standard deviation) of subjects at the time of death was 63.4 (15.1) years, and approximately 61.8% and 38.9% of subjects in the alcohol and non-alcohol abuse groups, respectively, experienced solitary death. Multivariable analyses revealed that alcohol abuse was associated with solitary death (adjusted proportion ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–2.00).

Conclusions
The findings of this study could help identify individuals at higher risk of solitary death. Moreover, calling the attention of people with alcohol abuse may be beneficial to prevent solitary death.
Experiences in elderly people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in relation to the use of long-term home oxygen therapy: a qualitative study about feelings attributed to therapy
Authors: Bueno Giovanna Hass , Campos Claudinei José Gomes , Turato Egberto Ribeiro , Paschoal Ilma Aparecida , Valladão Lucas Serra , Baltieri Leticia , Martins Luiz Cláudio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Elderly people are more likely to suffer severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and require long-term home oxygen therapy (LTOT) as part of their treatment. LTOT has advantages such as improvement in symptoms, but there are also disadvantages such as physical barriers, psychosocial barriers and emotional challenges. The aim of this study is to understand the experiences of elderly people with COPD using LTOT with respect to their feelings attributed to therapy.

Methods
Qualitative study. Seven semidirected interviews were conducted with patients with a confirmed COPD diagnosis who used LTOT and were treated at an outpatient service. The content analysis technique was applied with the support of WebQDA software 2.0.

Results
Three categories emerged that were associated with the use of LTOT: (1) poor self-image; (2) feelings of sadness and (3) the impact of LTOT on others such as family and friends.

Conclusions
LTOT in elderly people with COPD was associated with a poor self-image, feelings of sadness and impacted on others apart from the patient. When LTOT is prescribed, healthcare practitioners should proactively address these concerns to minimise the negative biopsychosocial experiences caused by LTOT.
Antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads in spinal surgery for patients with spondylodiscitis: a clinical retrospective study
Authors: Tang Xiaojie , Li Jianyi , Wang Chunxiao , Liu Fang , Guo Jianwei , Tan Jiangwei , Song Qinyong , Cao Haifei , Zhang Yao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Various surgical techniques for treating spondylodiscitis have been proposed, but the optimal surgical treatment remains controversial. In this study, we propose a new procedure that is implanting antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate (CS) beads into the disc after debridement using the Quadrant channel combined with percutaneous fixation through a single-stage posterolateral approach for the treatment of spondylodiscitis. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of this procedure.

Methods
This study collected the data of 32 patients with spine spondylodiscitis and was surgically treated in our department from July 2015 to August 2020. The Demographic data included age, gender, involved segment, and complications were collected. The intra-operative details, results of culture, functional outcome, radiologic outcome, and length of hospital stay, laboratory examination were recorded.

Results
The mean age of the 32 patients was 61.1 ± 9.7 years old. The mean operative time was 135.0 ± 30.6 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 243.4 ± 92.1 ml. The positive rate of culture was 72%. The mean Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score significantly improved from 7.5 to 1.6 and from 65% to 10%. Cobb angle was significantly improved and could be maintained at final follow-up. New bone formation was observed in all patients. There were no recurrences of infection in our study.

Conclusions
The posterolateral debridement and percutaneous fixation combined with antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads filling are effective in the treatment of spondylodiscitis in terms of infection control, early mobilization, and recovery.
Periodontal effect of augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontics versus conventional orthodontics in treatment of adult patients with bialveolar protrusion
Authors: Wang Bing , Xi WenQiong , Chen Hui , Shao Jinlong , Song Aimei , Zhang Fan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The patients of bialveolar protrusion always demonstrate thin anterior alveoli which may aggravate subsequent gingival recession and bone loss during retraction. This study aimed to investigate the periodontal changes, including alveolar height, thickness, and area, and the width of keratinized gingiva, in mandibular anterior teeth after augmented corticotomy-assisted orthodontics (ACAO) compared with traditional orthodontics.

Methods
Twenty adult patients with skeletal class I bialveolar protrusion were selected from two groups: ACAO group (augmented corticotomy on the labial side of the anterior mandibular teeth, n = 10) and control group (conventional orthodontics, n = 10). In all patients, four first premolars were extracted and the incisors were retracted under the maximum anchorage. The measurements included the labial alveolar bone area, vertical alveolar bone height, alveolar bone thickness surrounding the mandibular anterior teeth, root length, gingival recession and width of keratinized gingiva after alignment (T0) and 3 months after space closure (T1).

Results
The labial alveolar height, area, and thicknesses all decreased after space closure in the control group but significantly increased in the ACAO group. The decrease in the lingual alveolar height was statistically less in the ACAO group than that in the control group. Besides, the width of keratinized gingiva increased in the ACAO group but decreased in the control group. There was no significant difference in the changes of root length between groups. The dentoalveolar changes between anterior teeth were consistent but with different scales. The lateral incisors gained the most labial bone height and area.

Conclusion
Compared to conventional orthodontics, ACAO provided a more favorable effect of improving periodontal status surrounding the mandibular anterior teeth for Class I maxillary protrusion patients.
Assessment of chemical, ultrasonic, diode laser, and Er:YAG laser application on debonding of ceramic brackets
Authors: Khalil Ahmed S. , Tamish Nazla M. , Elkalza Ahmed R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Risk of enamel damage that often accompanies ceramic brackets debonding raises the demand of finding an optimal method for debonding of them without adverse effects. Different techniques were proposed in an attempt to facilitate their debonding. Comparison of these techniques is crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare different techniques for debonding of ceramic brackets in terms of shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 extracted premolars were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Ceramic brackets were then bonded to teeth using light cure composite resin. Among test groups; group I: served as control, group II: chemical aided debonding via peppermint oil, group III: ultrasonic aided debonding, group IV: diode laser aided debonding, and group V: Er:YAG laser aided debonding. Brackets were shear tested using universal testing machine followed by ARI assessment and evaluation of enamel microstructure was performed using scanning electron microscopy.

Results
A significantly lower shear bond strength was found in ultrasonic, diode, and Er:YAG laser groups. However, no significant difference was found in the chemical group. A significantly higher adhesive remnant index was found solely in Er:YAG laser group with minimal enamel microstructure alterations.

Conclusions
Er:YAG laser is a promising tool in debonding ceramic brackets. Ultrasonic and diode laser significantly reduced shear bond strength. Yet, adhesive remnant index in both groups revealed no difference. Chemical aided debonding had little effect and hence, it cannot be recommended without further development.
Prevalence of dysmenorrhea among reproductive age group in Saudi Women
Authors: Bakhsh Hanadi , Algenaimi Eatedal , Aldhuwayhi Raghad , AboWadaan Maha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The condition of recurrent, crampy, lower abdominal pain during menses is defined as dysmenorrhea. The study aims to assess the factors affecting the prevalence of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea among Saudi women from the reproductive age group.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey-based study recruited 1199 participants through a systematic random sampling technique. The study was carried out among the reproductive age group in Saudi women (total number of 1199) who are more than 18-year-old and less than 45-year-old in Riyadh, King Dom of Saudi Arabia, using an electronic questionnaire.

Results
The observed dysmenorrhea in the study; 1107 (92.3%) women had non-pathological dysmenorrhea (primary) while 92 (7.7%) women had pathological dysmenorrhea (secondary) respectively.

Conclusion
In the present study, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was high among the recruited Saudi women. The study suggests the inclusion of health education programs for students at the school and university level to deal with problems associated with dysmenorrhea that limit their interference with the student’s life.
Antimicrobial activity of Bacillus sp. isolated strains of wild honey
Authors: Hallaj-Nezhadi Somayeh , Hamdipour Rasoul , Shahrvirani Mohamad , Zare tin Roya , Chapeland-leclerc Florence , Ruprich-Robert Gwenael , Esnaashari Solmaz , Elyasi Far Babak , Dilmaghani Azita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Multi-drug resistant bacteria hazards to the health of humans could be an agent in the destruction of human generation. Natural products of Bacillus species are the main source to access progressive antibiotics that can be a good candidate for the discovery of novel antibiotics. Wild honey as a valuable food has been used in medicine with antimicrobial effects.

Objective
Bacillus strains isolated from wild honey were evaluated for the potential antimicrobial activity against human and plant bacterial and fungal pathogens.

Methods
Three bacterial isolates were identified as strain Khuz-1 (98.27% similarity with Bacillus safensis subsp. Safensis strain FO-36bT), strain Khuz-2 (99.18% similarity with Bacillus rugosus strain SPB7T), and strain Khuz-3 (99.78% similarity with Bacillus velezensis strain CR-502 T) by 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains were characterized by their ability to inhibit the growth of human and phytopathogenic fungi.

Results
The results indicated that B. rugosus strain Khuz-2 inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic and human fungal more effective than other ones. It seems that the strain Khuz-2 has a suitable antimicrobial and antifungal potential as a good candidate for further pharmaceutical research.

Conclusion
Based on the results of GC–MS, Pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dion, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyle) (PPDHM) was the major compound for all strains which have a various pharmacological effect. Isolation and identification of beneficial bacteria from natural sources can play an important role in future pharmaceutical and industrial applications.