bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midline Shift in Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Zanolini Umberto , Austein Friederike , Fiehler Jens , McDonough Rosalie , Rai Hamid , Siddiqui Adnan , Shotar Eimad , Rouchaud Aymeric , Goyal Mayank , Kallmes Kevin , Gellissen Susanne , Bechstein Matthias ,   the Research Committee of the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT)
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
Evaluation of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) treatment success relies on radiologic measures, in particular hematoma volume, width and midline shift (MLS). Nevertheless, there are no validated standards for MLS measurement in cSDH. Aim of this study was to identify the most reliable measurement location and technique for MLS.

Methods
Admission CT scans of 57 patients with unilateral cSDH were retrospectively analyzed. Axial slices were evaluated by 4 raters with MLS measurement in 4 locations, foramen of Monro (FM), thalamus (Th), mid-septum pellucidum (SP), maximum overall MLS (max) with 2 different techniques: displacement perpendicular to anatomical (ideal) midline (MLS-M), and displacement relative to the tabula interna in relation to the width of the intracranial space (MLS-T). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess interrater reliability and agreement of MLS‑M and MLS‑T measurement techniques. Measurements of cSDH volume and width were conducted for further data alignment.

Results
The ICCs between readers were excellent (> 0.9) for all MLS‑M locations and for MLS-T_Th and ML-T_FM. The ICC was higher for MLS‑M than for MLS‑T in all locations. MLS-M_max showed the highest correlation coefficient of 0.78 with cSDH volume. Variance of MLS-M_max was explained in 64% of cases (adj. R squared) by cSDH volume based on a simple linear regression model. An increase of 10 ml cSDH volume resulted in an average increase of 0.8 mm MLS-M_max.

Conclusion
The MLS measurement in cSDH patients should be standardized, and due to its high interrater reliability, the MLS‑M technique should be preferred.
Can current reanalyses accurately portray changes in Southern Annular Mode structure prior to 1979?
Authors: Marshall Gareth J. , Fogt Ryan L. , Turner John , Clem Kyle R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEarly reanalyses are less than optimal for investigating the regional effects of ozone depletion on Southern Hemisphere (SH) high-latitude climate because the availability of satellite sounder data from 1979 significantly improved their accuracy in data sparse regions, leading to a coincident inhomogeneity. To determine whether current reanalyses are better at SH high-latitudes in the pre-satellite era, here we examine the capabilities of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) fifth generation reanalysis (ERA5), the Twentieth Century Reanalysis version 3 (20CRv3), and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) 55-year reanalysis (JRA-55) to reproduce and help explain the pronounced change in the relationship between the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Antarctic near-surface air temperatures (SAT) between 1950 and 1979 (EARLY period) and 1980–2020 (LATE period). We find that ERA5 best reproduces Antarctic SAT in the EARLY period and is also the most homogeneous reanalysis across the EARLY and LATE periods. ERA5 and 20CRv3 provide a good representation of SAM in both periods with JRA-55 only similarly skilful in the LATE period. Nevertheless, all three reanalyses show the marked change in Antarctic SAM-SAT relationships between the two periods. In particular, ERA5 and 20CRv3 demonstrate the observed switch in the sign of the SAM-SAT relationship in the Antarctic Peninsula: analysis of changes in SAM structure and associated meridional wind anomalies reveal that in these reanalyses positive SAM is linked to cold southerly winds during the EARLY period and warm northerly winds in the LATE period, thus providing a simple explanation for the regional SAM-SAT relationship reversal.
Space-Efficient Vertex Separators for Treewidth
Authors: Kammer Frank , Meintrup Johannes , Sajenko Andrej 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor n-vertex graphs with treewidth $$k = O(n^{1/2-\epsilon })$$

k
=
O
(

n

1
/
2
-
ϵ

)

and an arbitrary $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

, we present a word-RAM algorithm to compute vertex separators using only O(n) bits of working memory. As an application of our algorithm, we give an O(1)-approximation algorithm for tree decomposition. Our algorithm computes a tree decomposition in $$c^k n (\log \log n) \log ^* n$$

c
k

n

(
log
log
n
)

log
∗

n

time using O(n) bits for some constant $$c > 0$$

c
>
0

. Together with the result of Banerjee et al. (Proceedings of 21st international conference on computing and combinatorics (COCOON 2015). LNCS, vol 9198, Springer, pp 349–360, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21398-9_28) we are able to compute a solution for all monadic-second-order problems (MSO) with $$O(n + \tau (k) \cdot p (\log _{p} n) \log n)$$

O
(
n
+
τ

(
k
)

·
p

(

log
p

n
)

log
n
)

bits in $$O(\tau (k) \cdot n^{2 + (2/\log p)})$$

O
(
τ

(
k
)

·

n

2
+
(
2
/
log
p
)

)

time where k is the treewidth of the given graph, p is some arbitrary parameter with $$2 \le p \le n$$

2
≤
p
≤
n

and $$\tau $$
τ
is some function depending on the MSO formula. We finally use the tree decomposition obtained by our algorithm to solve Vertex Cover, Independent Set, Dominating Set, MaxCut and q-Coloring by using polynomial time and O(n) bits as long as the treewidth of the graph is smaller than $$c' \log n$$

c
′

log
n

for some problem dependent constant $$0< c' < 1$$

0
<

c
′

<
1

.
Struggling with extensive informed consent procedures for cancer trials—is there even a benefit for the patients?
Authors: Tilch Marie-Kristin , Schranz Melanie , Moringlane Alice , Theobald Matthias , Hess Georg 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Informed consent procedures in clinical trials often differ in length and complexity to those in clinical routine care. Little is known about the benefit of extensive procedures as intended in clinical trials compared to procedures in routine cancer treatment.

Methods
In two different clinical studies performed at a comprehensive cancer center, we compared patients’ comprehension and satisfaction of current informed consent procedures in routine clinical care with the level of comprehension and satisfaction of patients treated within clinical trials. Patients with a new cancer diagnosis and recent informed consent received a questionnaire about satisfaction, comprehension, time management, and physician–patient relationship of the informed consent process. Patients in cohort 1 consented to cancer treatment within a clinical trial and were additionally interviewed in a structured way; patients in cohort 2 consented to “standard” chemotherapy and received a follow-up questionnaire after 6 months.

Results
In cohort 1, 82 patients completed the questionnaire and had an additional structured interview. They were treated in 41 different trials, receiving up to 40 pages of educational material. In cohort 2, 89 patients completed the first and 52 completed the follow-up questionnaire after receiving a standard informed consent form of 6 pages. Subjective understanding and satisfaction with the information provided was equally very high. However, deficits in objective understanding were observed in both cohorts.

Conclusion
Extensive informed consent procedures for clinical cancer trials have not been associated with a higher level of satisfaction or measurable objective understanding; therefore, the benefit seems to be limited.
Buddhist monasteries facilitated landscape conservation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cui Naixin , Wu Tong , Wang Yi-Chen , Zou Huiting , Axmacher Jan Christoph , Sang Weiguo , Guo Luo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Context
The Sanjiangyuan region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau—also known as the “Three Rivers’ Headwaters”—is the origin of the Yellow, Yangtze, and Mekong Rivers and therefore the key water source for hundreds of millions of downstream residents. Protecting this region’s ecosystems is a key priority for sustainable development in China and Asia. An important social dimension of Sanjiangyuan is the long-established and widespread presence of Tibetan Buddhism, particularly as manifested in the large number of monasteries throughout the region. However, the influence of cultural factors on environmental change remains largely understudied here.

Objective
We focus on two types of spatial associations—point-point and point-area features—to quantitatively investigate the effects of Buddhist monasteries on land use/cover change (LUCC) in surrounding landscapes.

Methods
We conduct a spatially-explicit analysis of Sanjiangyuan for two periods, 1990–2000 and 2010–2015, to identify and quantify the influence of the presence and spatial distributions of Buddhist monasteries on LUCC compared to village communities that lack monasteries.

Results
We found that the presence of monasteries is highly correlated with the preservation of natural ecosystems, specifically of grasslands and forests. Within monastery buffer zones with radii between 1 and 10 km, 7.13–9.30% more grassland area and 7.14–7.47% more forest area remained around monasteries compared to villages. This contrast decreased with increasing distance to the monastery/village. Overall, built-up areas were also much smaller around monasteries than around villages, while unused land was more commonly transformed to forests and grasslands around monasteries.

Conclusions
These findings strongly support the idea that Buddhist culture, as manifested through its physical institutions and communities, are instrumental in achieving desired landscape conservation outcomes.
What will mobile and virtual work look like in the future?—Results of a Delphi-based study
Authors: Kauffeld Simone , Tartler Darien , Gräfe Hendrik , Windmann Ann-Kathrin , Sauer Nils Christian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis contribution to the journal “Group. Interaction. Organization.” (GIO) takes a closer look at the mobile work of the future. Mobile work as well as virtual collaboration is becoming more and more integrated into our everyday working lives—not least reinforced by the COVID-19 Pandemic. In a Delphi-based study, we investigated the question of what mobile and virtual work will look like in the future. For this purpose, 35 future scenarios were described or processed in four rounds with a total of 460 experts and their desirability and probability of occurrence were evaluated. Positive developments are expected for the organization in terms of technology (e.g., advances in virtuality and artificial intelligence), leadership (e.g., increase in shared leadership and participation) and the work-life integration of employees (e.g., more flexibility and self-management). Negative effects are seen for teamwork (e.g., it becomes more difficult to build and maintain team cohesion and social exchange). How the challenges can be dealt with in terms of work design is shown and discussed.
Enabling automatic retrieval of schemas from long-term memory in English grammar practice
Authors: Guo Lina , Wang Chuang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeople are increasingly aware that metacognition can help us solve problems more effectively. Scholars believe that students’ metacognition can be facilitated by promoting the interplay between the unlimited long work memory for holding schemas and limited work memory for processing ongoing activities. In this study, a workshop designed teacher mediation method between English language teachers and students is implemented that focuses on instructional talk supported by a visualized thinking framework in learning English grammar. Consequent to student’s automation from retrieving schemas to engage in the self-regulatory process of English grammar problem-solving, this section involves three English language teachers and students in their taught classes in a secondary school in China. The teachers were equipped with an explicit approach to teacher mediation through researcher-designed workshops. As the teacher mediation approach was implemented in English language classrooms, the researchers made meaning of their experiences through the dialogue and interaction between teachers and students by revealing the essence in the mediation process: dialogic assessment, cognitive scheme construction, automated schema retrieval, and metacognitive schema construction. Through teachers’ English pedagogical grammar practice in the three example cases, metacognitive teachers and learners are expected to be cultivated in an interdisciplinary view.
Automatic detection of cognitive impairment in elderly people using an entertainment chatbot with Natural Language Processing capabilities
Authors: de Arriba-Pérez Francisco , García-Méndez Silvia , González-Castaño Francisco J. , Costa-Montenegro Enrique 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPrevious researchers have proposed intelligent systems for therapeutic monitoring of cognitive impairments. However, most existing practical approaches for this purpose are based on manual tests. This raises issues such as excessive caretaking effort and the white-coat effect. To avoid these issues, we present an intelligent conversational system for entertaining elderly people with news of their interest that monitors cognitive impairment transparently. Automatic chatbot dialogue stages allow assessing content description skills and detecting cognitive impairment with Machine Learning algorithms. We create these dialogue flows automatically from updated news items using Natural Language Generation techniques. The system also infers the gold standard of the answers to the questions, so it can assess cognitive capabilities automatically by comparing these answers with the user responses. It employs a similarity metric with values in [0, 1], in increasing level of similarity. To evaluate the performance and usability of our approach, we have conducted field tests with a test group of 30 elderly people in the earliest stages of dementia, under the supervision of gerontologists. In the experiments, we have analysed the effect of stress and concentration in these users. Those without cognitive impairment performed up to five times better. In particular, the similarity metric varied between 0.03, for stressed and unfocused participants, and 0.36, for relaxed and focused users. Finally, we developed a Machine Learning algorithm based on textual analysis features for automatic cognitive impairment detection, which attained accuracy, F-measure and recall levels above 80%. We have thus validated the automatic approach to detect cognitive impairment in elderly people based on entertainment content. The results suggest that the solution has strong potential for long-term user-friendly therapeutic monitoring of elderly people.
Entwicklung und Validierung eines videobasierten Testinstruments zur Erfassung des Noticing mit dem Fokus auf Anerkennungsprozesse im inklusiven Sportunterricht
Authors: Langer Wiebke , Bruns Julia , Erhorn Jan 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDem Konstrukt des Noticing wird insbesondere im (inklusiven) Sportunterricht eine hohe Bedeutung für das professionelle Handeln von (angehenden) Sportlehrkräften beigemessen. Um Ansprüche eines inklusiven Sportunterrichtes umzusetzen, erweist sich Noticing mit dem Fokus auf Anerkennungsprozesse als besonders bedeutsam, da sich für die Gestaltung von entwicklungsförderlichen Anerkennungsverhältnissen durch die Relevanz der Körperlichkeit spezifische Anforderungen an die selektive Aufmerksamkeitslenkung und das theoriegeleitete Deuten von Anerkennungs- und Missachtungsprozessen im komplexen Unterrichtsgeschehen ergeben. Die Möglichkeit, diese Kompetenzfacette im universitären Kontext zu fördern, ist bislang kaum untersucht worden, was auch im Fehlen von Instrumenten zur standardisierten Erfassung dieses Konstrukts begründet liegt. Im Rahmen des Beitrags wird die Entwicklung und Validierung eines standardisierten, videovignettenbasierten Testinstruments zur Messung des Noticing mit dem Fokus auf Anerkennungsprozesse von angehenden Sportlehrkräften vorgestellt. Im Fokus der Validierung stehen der Testinhalt, die interne Struktur des Instruments sowie Zusammenhänge mit verwandten inhaltlichen Konstrukten. Die Ergebnisse aus drei aufeinander aufbauenden Validierungsstudien geben Hinweise auf die Reliabilität und Validität der Testwertinterpretation des Instruments ViProQiS_A. Die Erkenntnisse deuten darauf hin, dass mit dem hier entwickelten Testinstrument eine standardisierte Messung des Noticing mit Fokus auf Anerkennungsprozesse im inklusiven Sportunterricht realisiert werden konnte.
Does dispositional self-control moderate the association between stress at work and physical activity after work? A real-life study with police officers
Authors: Schilling René , Cody Robyn , Ludyga Sebastian , Brand Serge , Faude Oliver , Pühse Uwe , Gerber Markus 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Psychosocial stress is a major health threat in modern society. Short-term effects of stress on health behaviors have been identified as relevant processes. This article examines the moderating effect of dispositional self-control on the association between stress at work and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) after work.

Methods
In a sample of 153 police officers (103 men, 50 women, mean age = 39.3 ± 10.4 years), daily occupational stress and hours worked were assessed via ecological momentary assessment (smartphone-based single item) in real-life. Dispositional self-control was assessed via an online questionnaire, whereas physical activity was assessed via accelerometry. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed to test main and interaction effects.

Results
Bivariate correlations showed that perceived stress at work was positively correlated with hours worked (r = 0.24, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.09, 0.39]), whereas a negative association was found with dispositional self-control (r = −0.27, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.41, −0.12]). After-work MVPA was neither associated with stress at work nor with dispositional self-control. The regression analysis yielded no significant interaction between stress at work and dispositional self-control on after-work MVPA.

Conclusion
Using a state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment approach to assess feelings of stress in real-life, stress at work did not seem to impact after-work MVPA in police officers. More research is needed to establish whether this finding is specific to police officers or whether it can be generalized to other populations.
Impact of weekdays versus weekend days on accelerometer measured physical behavior among children and adolescents: results from the MoMo study
Authors: Burchartz Alexander , Oriwol Doris , Kolb Simon , Schmidt Steffen C. E. , von Haaren-Mack Birte , Niessner Claudia , Woll Alexander 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructured activities, in which children participate for example at school, are consistent and limited in scope. After-school or weekend activities, by contrast, involve a wider range of behaviors. Studies have shown that physical activity (PA), as measured by accelerometers, is lower on weekends compared to weekdays or school days, whereas PA does not differ between weekdays. In the present study, we examined accelerometer data of children and adolescents living in Germany for the different weekdays and weekend days. The current analysis used cross-sectional data of participants (n = 2743) aged 6–17 years collected between 2014 and 2017. The final valid sample consisted of 2278 children and adolescents divided into three age groups (6–10 years, n = 713; 11–13 years, n = 706; 14–17 years, n = 859) and two gender groups (1072 boys, 1206 girls). Physical behavior, including sedentary behavior, as well as light, moderate, vigorous PA, and wear time were analyzed. Absolute and percentage intensity distributions were evaluated daily. The average wear time was 807 min daily from Monday–Thursday with significant deviations from the mean on Friday (+38 min), Saturday (−76 min), and Sunday (−141 min). Absolute moderate to vigorous PA times were lower on weekends than during the week. However, the percentage intensity distribution remained constant over all days. Girls were less physically active and more sedentary than boys (F1,2272 = 38.3; p < 0.01) and adolescents were significantly less active than younger children (F2,2272 = 138.6; p < 0.01). Waking times increased with age (F2,2272 = 138.6; p < 0.01). Shorter awake periods limit possible active times on weekends, resulting in lower PA and sedentary behavior compared to weekdays. The percentage distributions of the different physical behavior intensity categories are similar over all weekdays and weekend days. We could not find a justification for specific weekend interventions. Instead, interventions should generally try to shift activity away from sedentary behavior towards a more active lifestyle.
Self-tracking via smartphone app: Potential tool for athletes’ recovery self-management?
Authors: Jakowski Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelf-tracking technologies are possible approaches to support recovery self-management activities for athletes. These may have become even more appealing due to stay-at-home restrictions as part of the 2020 pandemic regulations. This study examined user behaviour of smartphone and wearable technologies among 217 athletes (29% women, M age = 26.9 ± 7 years). The online survey comprised demographic questions and standardised questionnaires to assess usage of technologies, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), attitudes about sleep (Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale), bedtime procrastination (Bedtime Procrastination Scale), and self-control (Brief Self-Control Scale). Fitness apps (46.5%) were more popular than sleep apps (15.7%) followed by nutrition apps (12%). The correlation between sleep apps and the other two apps indicate that non-users of sleep apps are probably also non-users of fitness or nutrition apps. Wearables were more frequently used to track fitness activities (36.9%) than sleep (17.5%). Considering sex, type of sport, competition participation, and training volume, no remarkable characteristics among users versus non-users of sleep apps were identified. There were also no significant differences among sleep indices between sleep app users and non-users. However, self-control was highest among sleep app users compared to non-users (d = 0.58). Despite 34.1% being identified as poor sleepers, behavioural sleeping patterns were within normal range. The results imply that athletes are not as attracted to self-tracking technologies as expected, which makes them less vulnerable to unsubstantiated feedback and inappropriate interventions by those tools. This serves as a starting point to explore the potential of self-tracking ambulatory assessment for physical activity and sleep behaviour of athletes in the post-pandemic era.