bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical, Elemental, and Spatial Variability of Volcaniclastics in Fluvio‐Coastal‐Aeolian Sedimentary Systems and Their Insights for Mineral Sorting on Mars
Authors: Argadestya Ignatius , Amao Abduljamiu O. , Bedford Candice C. , Soupios Pantelis , Al‐Ramadan Khalid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the mineralogical, elemental, and spatial variability from source (proximal) to sink (distal) of Merapi basalt‐andesitic stratovolcano (Java, Indonesia) to better constrain volcaniclastic mineral sorting in fluvial, aeolian, and coastal environments. Merapi volcaniclastics are products of an active volcano with an ongoing quadrennial eruption, which can provide insights to constrain Mars' older and more recent volcaniclastics by focusing on anorthite, albite, and pyroxenes found on Mars' surface. We collected stream sediment samples across the Opak River that connects Merapi with the Indian Ocean. In addition to grain size analysis, all collected samples were subjected to X‐ray diffractometer and X‐ray fluorescence to quantify their mineralogical and elemental composition, respectively, like the CHEMIN instrument used by the Curiosity rover on Mars to investigate the geochemistry and mineralogy of geological units in Gale crater. Implementation of multivariate statistical analysis based on principal component analysis and Hierarchical Clustering of Principal Component are able to discriminate between fluvial, fluvio‐coastal‐aeolian, and marine influenced deposits. The quantitative assessment shows that the dominant mineralogy is influenced by pyroclastic materials dominated by plagioclase feldspars (albite and anorthite), followed by pyroxenes (augite and enstatite). Alteration modeling of Merapi samples favors a fluvial depositional environment rather than mass‐wasting from the crater rim for Gale crater rocks (i.e., Pahrump Hills, Hartmann's Valley, Karasburg, Sutton Island member) on Mars.
Atmosphere‐Snow Exchange Explains Surface Snow Isotope Variability
Authors: Wahl S. , Steen‐Larsen H. C. , Hughes A. G. , Dietrich L. J. , Zuhr A. , Behrens M. , Faber A.‐K. , Hörhold M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe climate signal imprinted in the snow isotopic composition allows to infer past climate variability from ice core stable water isotope records. The concurrent evolution of vapor and surface snow isotopic composition between precipitation events indicates that post‐depositional atmosphere‐snow humidity exchange influences the snow and hence the ice core isotope signal. To date, however, this is not accounted for in paeleoclimate reconstructions from isotope records. Here we show that vapor‐snow exchange explains 36% of the summertime day‐to‐day δ18O variability of the surface snow between precipitation events, and 53% of the δD variability. Through observations from the Greenland Ice Sheet and accompanying modeling we demonstrate that vapor‐snow exchange introduces a warm bias on the summertime snow isotope value relevant for ice core records. In case of long‐term variability in atmosphere‐snow exchange the relevance for the ice core signal is also variable and thus paleoclimate reconstructions from isotope records should be revisited.
The Unprecedented Character of California's 20th Century Enhanced Hydroclimatic Variability in a 600‐Year Context
Authors: Zamora‐Reyes Diana , Broadman Ellie , Bigio Erica , Black Bryan , Meko David , Woodhouse Connie A. , Trouet Valerie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, year‐to‐year swings in California winter precipitation extremes have resulted in drought, wildfires, and floods causing billions of dollars in damage. These recent precipitation swings represent an increasing trend in variability of California's hydroclimate over the past decades. Here, we put this trend in a longer‐term context using tree‐ring‐based precipitation, streamflow, and snow water equivalent reconstructions. We show that the statewide rise in hydroclimate variability in the 20th century is driven by an increasing trend in the magnitude of wet extremes. A prior period of strong variability in the 16th century, in contrast, is related to an increasing trend in the magnitude of dry extremes. Our results are consistent with climate model simulations that suggest an increasingly volatile future for California's hydroclimate and highlight the importance of collaboration between scientists and water resource managers to incorporate this increased variability into their decision‐making and planning, acknowledging higher risks for compound events.
Millennial‐Scale Climate Oscillations Triggered by Deglacial Meltwater Discharge in Last Glacial Maximum Simulations
Authors: Romé Yvan M. , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Gregoire Lauren J. , Sherriff‐Tadano Sam , Valdes Paul J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOur limited understanding of millennial‐scale variability in the context of the last glacial period can be explained by the lack of a reliable modeling framework to study abrupt climate changes under realistic glacial backgrounds. In this article, we describe a new set of long‐run Last Glacial Maximum experiments where such climate shifts were triggered by different snapshots of ice‐sheet meltwater derived from the early stages of the last deglaciation. Depending on the location and the magnitude of the forcing, we observe three distinct dynamical regimes and highlight a subtle window of opportunity where the climate can sustain oscillations between cold and warm modes. We identify the Eurasian Arctic and Nordic Seas regions as being most sensitive to meltwater discharge in the context of switching to a cold mode, compared to freshwater fluxes from the Laurentide ice sheets. These cold climates follow a consistent pattern in temperature, sea ice, and convection, and are largely independent from freshwater release as a result of effective AMOC collapse. Warm modes, on the other hand, show more complexity in their response to the regional pattern of the meltwater input, and within them, we observe significant differences linked to the reorganization of deep water formation sites and the subpolar gyre. Broadly, the main characteristics of the oscillations, obtained under full‐glacial conditions with ice‐sheet reconstruction derived meltwater patterns, share similar characteristics with δ18O records of the last glacial period, although our experiment design prevents detailed conclusions from being drawn on whether these represent actual Dansgaard‐Oeschger events.
Reconfigurable nonlinear photonic activation function for photonic neural network based on non-volatile opto-resistive RAM switch
Authors: Xu Zefeng , Tang Baoshan , Zhang Xiangyu , Leong Jin Feng , Pan Jieming , Hooda Sonu , Zamburg Evgeny , Thean Aaron Voon-Yew 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhotonic neural network has been sought as an alternative solution to surpass the efficiency and speed bottlenecks of electronic neural network. Despite that the integrated Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) mesh can perform vector-matrix multiplication in photonic neural network, a programmable in-situ nonlinear activation function has not been proposed to date, suppressing further advancement of photonic neural network. Here, we demonstrate an efficient in-situ nonlinear accelerator comprising a unique solution-processed two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 Opto-Resistive RAM Switch (ORS), which exhibits tunable nonlinear resistance switching that allow us to introduce nonlinearity to the photonic neuron which overcomes the linear voltage-power relationship of typical photonic components. Our reconfigurable scheme enables implementation of a wide variety of nonlinear responses. Furthermore, we confirm its feasibility and capability for MNIST handwritten digit recognition, achieving a high accuracy of 91.6%. Our accelerator constitutes a major step towards the realization of in-situ photonic neural network and pave the way for the integration of photonic integrated circuits (PIC).
Strong interlayer coupling and stable topological flat bands in twisted bilayer photonic Moiré superlattices
Authors: Yi Chang-Hwan , Park Hee Chul , Park Moon Jip 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe moiré superlattice of misaligned atomic bilayers paves the way for designing a new class of materials with wide tunability. In this work, we propose a photonic analog of the moiré superlattice based on dielectric resonator quasi-atoms. In sharp contrast to van der Waals materials with weak interlayer coupling, we realize the strong coupling regime in a moiré superlattice, characterized by cascades of robust flat bands at large twist-angles. Surprisingly, we find that these flat bands are characterized by a non-trivial band topology, the origin of which is the moiré pattern of the resonator arrangement. The physical manifestation of the flat band topology is a robust one-dimensional conducting channel on edge, protected by the reflection symmetry of the moiré superlattice. By explicitly breaking the underlying reflection symmetry on the boundary terminations, we show that the first-order topological edge modes naturally deform into higher-order topological corner modes. Our work pioneers the physics of topological phases in the designable platform of photonic moiré superlattices beyond the weakly coupled regime.
Molecular pathways of major depressive disorder converge on the synapse
Authors: Fries Gabriel R. , Saldana Valeria A. , Finnstein Johannes , Rein Theo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease of still poorly understood molecular etiology. Extensive studies at different molecular levels point to a high complexity of numerous interrelated pathways as the underpinnings of depression. Major systems under consideration include monoamines, stress, neurotrophins and neurogenesis, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, mitochondrial dysfunction, (epi)genetics, inflammation, the opioid system, myelination, and the gut-brain axis, among others. This review aims at illustrating how these multiple signaling pathways and systems may interact to provide a more comprehensive view of MDD’s neurobiology. In particular, considering the pattern of synaptic activity as the closest physical representation of mood, emotion, and conscience we can conceptualize, each pathway or molecular system will be scrutinized for links to synaptic neurotransmission. Models of the neurobiology of MDD will be discussed as well as future actions to improve the understanding of the disease and treatment options.
Cancer metastasis chemoprevention prevents circulating tumour cells from germination
Authors: Xie Xiaodong , Li Yumei , Lian Shu , Lu Yusheng , Jia Lee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe war against cancer traces back to the signature event half-a-century ago when the US National Cancer Act was signed into law. The cancer crusade costs trillions with disappointing returns, teasing the possibility of a new breakthrough. Cure for cancer post-metastases still seems tantalisingly out of reach. Once metastasized, cancer-related death is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be reversed. Here we present cancer pre-metastasis chemoprevention strategy that can prevent circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from initiating metastases safely and effectively, and is disparate from the traditional cancer chemotherapy and cancer chemoprevention. Deep learning of the biology of CTCs and their disseminating organotropism, complexity of their adhesion to endothelial niche reveals that if the adhesion of CTCs to their metastasis niche (the first and the most important part in cancer metastatic cascade) can be pharmaceutically interrupted, the lethal metastatic cascade could be prevented from getting initiated. We analyse the key inflammatory and adhesive factors contributing to CTC adhesion/germination, provide pharmacological fundamentals for abortifacients to intervene CTC adhesion to the distant metastasis sites. The adhesion/inhibition ratio (AIR) is defined for selecting the best cancer metastasis chemopreventive candidates. The successful development of such new therapeutic modalities for cancer metastasis chemoprevention has great potential to revolutionise the current ineffective post-metastasis treatments.
Association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and white matter integrity moderated by in-scanner head motion
Authors: Dziemian Sabine , Barańczuk-Turska Zofia , Langer Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder associated with various negative life impacts. The manifestation of ADHD is very heterogeneous, and previous investigations on neuroanatomical alterations in ADHD have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated the mediating effect of in-scanner head motion and ADHD hyperactivity severity on motion-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA) using diffusion tensor imaging in the currently largest sample (n = 739) of medication-naïve children and adolescents (age range 5–22 years). We used automated tractography to examine whole-brain and mean FA of the tracts most frequently reported in ADHD; corpus callosum forceps major and forceps minor, left and right superior-longitudinal fasciculus, and left and right corticospinal tract (CST). Associations between FA and hyperactivity severity appeared when in-scanner head motion was not accounted for as mediator. However, causal mediation analysis revealed that these effects are fully mediated through in-scanner head motion for whole-brain FA, the corpus callosum forceps minor, and left superior-longitudinal fasciculus. Direct effect of hyperactivity severity on FA was only found for the left CST. This study illustrates the crucial role of in-scanner head motion in the identification of white matter integrity alterations in ADHD and shows how neglecting irremediable motion artifacts causes spurious findings. When the mediating effect of in-scanner head motion on FA is accounted for, an association between hyperactivity severity and FA is only present for the left CST; this may play a crucial role in the manifestation of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms in ADHD.
Impact of the time interval between end of induction and autologous hematopoietic transplantation in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Charalampous Charalampos , Goel Utkarsh , Gertz Morie , Lacy Martha , Dispenzieri Angela , Hayman Suzanne , Dingli David , Buadi Francis , Kapoor Prashant , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Warsame Rahma , Hogan William J. , Kumar Shaji 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultiple Myeloma patients eligible for autologous hematopoietic transplantation (AHT) typically receive 3–6 cycles of induction therapy before transplant. The last induction cycle is completed 2–4 weeks prior to mobilization. We evaluated the impact of the time interval between end of induction and AHT on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 1055 patients who underwent AHT were identified. The median time to transplant (TTT) was 33 days (27–42 quartile range). Patients with less than 33 days of TTT had significantly prolonged PFS (35.6 vs. 32.1 months, p < 0.03) but non-significant OS differences compared to those with more than 33 days. Quartile comparisons showed that patients in the 1st quartile (less than 27 days) had significantly prolonged PFS (36.7 vs. 30.9 months, p < 0.01) compared to the 4th quartile group (more than 42 days). In a subgroup analysis of patients with partial or worse biochemical response prior to transplant, patients in the 1st quartile had significantly prolonged PFS (37.7 vs. 28.7 months, p < 0.04) compared to the 4th quartile group. In conclusion, we showed that a prolonged TTT is associated with inferior outcomes compared to tighter chemotherapy schedules. This finding was especially prevalent in patients with partial response at induction.
Role of Caspase-10-P13tBID axis in erythropoiesis regulation
Authors: Lamarque Mathilde , Gautier Emilie-Fleur , Rodrigues François , Guillem Flavia , Bayard Elisa , Broussard Cédric , Maciel Trovati Thiago , Arlet Jean-Benoît , Mayeux Patrick , Hermine Olivier , Courtois Geneviève 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRed blood cell production is negatively controlled by the rate of apoptosis at the stage of CFU-E/pro-erythroblast differentiation, depending on the balance between erythropoietin (EPO) levels and activation of the Fas/FasL pathway. At this stage, activation of transient caspases through depolarization via mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is also required for terminal erythroid differentiation. Molecular mechanisms regulating the differential levels of MOMP during differentiation and apoptosis, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show a novel and essential role for the caspase-10-P13-tBID axis in erythroid terminal differentiation. Caspase-10 (but not caspase-8, which is activated during apoptosis) is activated at the early stages of erythroid terminal differentiation leading to the cleavage of P22-BID into P18-tBID, and later into P13-tBID. Erythropoietin (EPO) by inducing casein kinase I alpha (CKIα) expression, which in turn phosphorylates P18-tBID, prevents the generation of MYR-P15-tBID (leading to apoptosis) and allows the generation of P13-tBID by caspase-10. Unlike P15-tBID, P13-tBID is not myristoylated and as such, does not irreversibly anchor the mitochondrial membrane resulting in a transient MOMP. Likewise, transduction of a P13-tBID fragment induces rapid and strong erythroid terminal differentiation. Thus, EPO modulates the pattern of BID cleavage to control the level of MOMP and determines the fate of erythroblasts between apoptosis and differentiation. This pathway is impaired in 5q- myelodysplastic syndromes because of CK1α haplo-insufficiency and may contribute to erythroid differentiation arrest and high sensitivity of this disease to lenalidomide (LEN).
Emerging unprecedented lake ice loss in climate change projections
Authors: Huang Lei , Timmermann Axel , Lee Sun-Seon , Rodgers Keith B. , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Chung Eui-Seok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeasonal ice in lakes plays an important role for local communities and lake ecosystems. Here we use Large Ensemble simulations conducted with the Community Earth System Model version 2, which includes a lake simulator, to quantify the response of lake ice to greenhouse warming and to determine emergence patterns of anthropogenic lake ice loss. Our model simulations show that the average duration of ice coverage and maximum ice thickness are projected to decrease over the next 80 years by 38 days and 0.23 m, respectively. In the Canadian Arctic, lake ice loss is accelerated by the cold-season polar amplification. Lake ice on the Tibetan Plateau decreases rapidly due to a combination of strong insolation forcing and ice-albedo feedbacks. Comparing the anthropogenic signal with natural variability represented by the Large Ensemble, we find that lake ecosystems in these regions may be exposed to no-analogue ice coverage within the next 4-5 decades.
Quantum wake dynamics in Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains
Authors: Scheie A. , Laurell P. , Lake B. , Nagler S. E. , Stone M. B. , Caux J-S , Tennant D. A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTraditional spectroscopy, by its very nature, characterizes physical system properties in the momentum and frequency domains. However, the most interesting and potentially practically useful quantum many-body effects emerge from local, short-time correlations. Here, using inelastic neutron scattering and methods of integrability, we experimentally observe and theoretically describe a local, coherent, long-lived, quasiperiodically oscillating magnetic state emerging out of the distillation of propagating excitations following a local quantum quench in a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain. This “quantum wake” displays similarities to Floquet states, discrete time crystals and nonlinear Luttinger liquids. We also show how this technique reveals the non-commutativity of spin operators, and is thus a model-agnostic measure of a magnetic system’s “quantumness.”
Exchange controlled triplet fusion in metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Ha Dong-Gwang , Wan Ruomeng , Kim Changhae Andrew , Lin Ting-An , Yang Luming , Van Voorhis Troy , Baldo Marc A. , Dincă Mircea 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTriplet-fusion-based photon upconversion holds promise for a wide range of applications, from photovoltaics to bioimaging. The efficiency of triplet fusion, however, is fundamentally limited in conventional molecular and polymeric systems by its spin dependence. Here, we show that the inherent tailorability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), combined with their highly porous but ordered structure, minimizes intertriplet exchange coupling and engineers effective spin mixing between singlet and quintet triplet–triplet pair states. We demonstrate singlet–quintet coupling in a pyrene-based MOF, NU-1000. An anomalous magnetic field effect is observed from NU-1000 corresponding to an induced resonance between singlet and quintet states that yields an increased fusion rate at room temperature under a relatively low applied magnetic field of 0.14 T. Our results suggest that MOFs offer particular promise for engineering the spin dynamics of multiexcitonic processes and improving their upconversion performance.
Safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence of a bivalent Beta-containing booster vaccine against COVID-19: a phase 2/3 trial
Authors: Chalkias Spyros , Eder Frank , Essink Brandon , Khetan Shishir , Nestorova Biliana , Feng Jing , Chen Xing , Chang Ying , Zhou Honghong , Montefiori David , Edwards Darin K. , Girard Bethany , Pajon Rolando , Dutko Frank J. , Leav Brett , Walsh Stephen R. , Baden Lindsey R. , Miller Jacqueline M. , Das Rituparna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUpdated immunization strategies are needed to address multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Here we report interim results from an ongoing, open-label phase 2/3 trial evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine candidate mRNA-1273.211, which contains equal mRNA amounts encoding the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Beta variant spike proteins, as 50-µg (n = 300) and 100-µg (n = 595) first booster doses administered approximately 8.7–9.7 months after the mRNA-1273 primary vaccine series (NCT04927065). The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity of mRNA-1273.211 and to demonstrate non-inferior antibody responses compared to the mRNA-1273 100-µg primary series. Additionally, a pre-specified immunogenicity objective was to demonstrate superior antibody responses compared to the previously authorized mRNA-1273 50-µg booster. The mRNA-1273.211 booster doses (50-µg or 100-µg) 28 days after immunization elicited higher neutralizing antibody responses against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Beta variant than those elicited 28 days after the second mRNA‑1273 dose of the primary series (NCT04470427). Antibody responses 28 days and 180 days after the 50-µg mRNA-1273.211 booster dose were also higher than those after a 50-µg mRNA-1273 booster dose (NCT04405076) against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Beta, Omicron BA.1 and Delta variants, and all pre-specified immunogenicity objectives were met. The safety and reactogenicity profile of the bivalent mRNA-1273.211 booster (50-µg) was similar to the booster dose of mRNA-1273 (50-µg). Immunization with the primary series does not set a ceiling to the neutralizing antibody response, and a booster dose of the bivalent vaccine elicits a robust response with titers that are likely to be protective against COVID-19. These results indicate that bivalent booster vaccines can induce potent, durable and broad antibody responses against multiple variants, providing a new tool in response to emerging variants.