bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescue Treatments for Army Cutworm Control in Winter Wheat, 1992:
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , McLeod M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A winter wheat field near Wall, SD, was chosen for this experiment. Pretreatment counts indicated that the field was naturally infested with an average of 2.1 army cutworms per 2 ft2. The study involved a comparison of 8 insecticides and an untreated check. A RCB with 3 replicates was used. Plots were 36 X 36 ft separated by 3 ft alleys. Insecticide applications were made on 2 Apr using a CO2-propelled backpack canister sprayer system equipped with 8002 flat fan nozzles delivering 20 gal/acre at 29 psi. Live cutworm counts were made 7 DAT to determine insecticide efficacy. A sample consisted of randomly selecting a 2 ft section of wheat within a row, then sifting ca. 2 inches deep through a 6 inch wide swath of soil including, and on either side of the row. A total of 8 samples (2 ft2 each) was taken randomly from each plot. Two samples were taken from each quadrant within a plot. Data were analyzed via SAS GLM procedure and means were compared using DMRT. All insecticide treatments significantly reduced army cutworm levels in comparison to untreated plots. However, no significant differences existed between compounds or application rates.
Control of Russian Wheat Aphid Using a Systemic Seed Treatment, 1992:
Authors: Johnson G. D. , McLendon M. E. , Wichman D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Different rates of the systemic seed treatment, NTN 33893, were evaluated for RWA control in winter wheat. Treated seed was planted in strip plots, measuring 8 ft by 50 ft on 1 Sep at the MSU-Central Agricultural Research Center, Moccasin, MT. Numbers of RWA were recorded on each of 10 plants randomly selected from 3 locations in each treated and untreated plot. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and treatment means separated using LSD.
Greenbug Control in Winter Wheat with Seed Treatments and Granular Insecticides, 1991-1992:
Authors: Knutson Allen , Marshall David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
NTN 33989 (imidacloprid) was evaluated for greenbug control in winter wheat planted at the following 3 locations and dates in north central TX: Dallas Co. on 11 Nov, Cooke Co. on 26 Nov and Collin Co. on 15 Nov. Soil types were as follows: Dallas Co., Austin silty clay, pH ,= 7.8; Collin and Cooke Co., Houston black clay, pH = 7.8. Wheat seed treated with NTN 33893 75WS was provided by Gustafson, Inc. Disyston 15G was used as a standard. Both granular insecticides were mixed with the seed and applied in-furrow. All wheat seed used in the trial was from the same lot. Plots measured 6 X 20 ft and were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots were planted with a small plot planter at a rate of 80 lb of seed/acre. Seventeen inches of rain fell after planting through February with a total of 40 days of rain. Greenbug infestations did not develop in the test plots because of these rains. Also, greenbug parasites and predators were active throughout the mild winter and further reduced greenbug densities. To assess insecticide activity, a 2 inch diam plug of wheat plants was dug from each of the center 2 drill rows of each plot and potted in a 2.5 X 2.5 inch plastic pot. Pots were infested with greenbugs obtained from a laboratory colony which originated from the test region. Greenbugs were applied with a hand held inoculator calculated to deliver 30 greenbugs per pot. Infested pots were held in an incubator at 70° F for 7-10 d at which time the greenbugs in each pot of wheat were counted. Each test location was sampled once.
Aphid Control in Headed Spring Wheat, Crookston, MN, 1992:
Authors: Noetzel David , Holder Bobby , Holen Carlyle 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Unusually high aphid populations and a late growing season permitted this aphid control trial on headed spring wheat. Plots 7.6m x 7.6m were established in a bulk wheat field. Three treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 8 times. Pretreatment aphid counts averaged 49.8/head, with a 4:1 BCOA: EGA ratio. The wheat berries were ½ filled at this time (Feekes stage 11.0). Treatments were applied in approximately 110 liter water/ha on 11 Jul. Counts by total aphids per 20 heads were taken on 18 Jul. Yields were obtained by combining a strip (1.5m x 7.6m) through the better portion of each plot. Yield, moisture, test weight and protein were taken. Yields were adjusted on the basis of a standard moisture.
Insecticide X Fungicide Interaction in Aphid Control on Spring Wheat, Crookston, MN, 1992:
Authors: Noetzel David , Jones Roger , Holder Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Similar trials at 2 locations during the 1989-91 growing seasons suggested over a 600 kg/ha average yield reduction per location per year when aphids were not controlled at the flag leaf stage. The entire difference appeared to be due to the effect of insecticide (i.e., aphid control). This expanded trial of several treatments applied at different phenological stages of the wheat field was established in a bulk field of wheat. Individual plot size was 7.5m X 15m and 1.5m alleyways were cut around all sides of all plots when the 2 applications of insecticide x fungicide were applied. Individual treatments were arranged in a RCB design replicated 4 times. Pretreatment counts of aphids averaged 49.8/head with a 4:1 BCOA: EGA ratio. Materials were applied in 374 liters/ha on 30 May (Feekes stage 3, or tillering) and on 12 Jun (Feekes stage 8, or flag leaf) using a coarse droplet ground sprayer. Posttreatment aphid counts were begun on 19 Jul by collecting 20 individual heads and preserving the material in alcohol for later counting. Individual treatments were visually distinguishable so an estimate of % green tissue was made on 18 Jul. Sooty mold on untreated plots was also marked. Yields were taken by combining a 1.5m X 15.2m strip through the long axis of each plot. Moisture, protein, and wt/bu were taken, and final yields adjusted based on a standard moisture.
Control of Armyworm in Wheat, 1990:
Authors: Johnson Donald R. , Studebaker Glenn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 14 May on ‘Florida 302’ variety winter wheat in Lonoke County, AR. Treatments were applied with a CO2 powered backpack sprayer with a 10-ft boom equipped with TX-4 hollow cone nozzles on a 19-inch spacing. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 10.5 gal/acre at 40 psi. Plots were 10-ft wide by 40-ft long arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots were evaluated at 3 DAT by counting the number of armyworms in a 4-ft section of row in each plot.
Tarnished Plant Bug Control in Amaranth, 1991:
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Ford Harlan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted on 7 Jun at the Southwest Experiment Station in Lamberton, MN. Individual plot size was 4 rows x 8.8 m in length. Plots were arranged in a RCB replicated 4 times. Soil type was a slit loam with excellent soil moisture. Soil applications were placed in a 10cm band over the row immediately after planting and lightly incorporated. Foliar materials were broadcast on 3 and 14 Aug, using 2 liters total material on .0111 ha. Plant stands were recorded. When the crop matured, heads were harvested by hand, bagged, dried and threshed. The seed was cleaned and weighed.
Surfactant Evaluation for Mole Cricket Control on Golf Course Fairways, NC, 1992:
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two rates of Orthene 75S and three surfactants were evaluated for mole cricket control on a Bermudagrass fairway at Oak Island Golf Course in Brunswick Co. Plots 45 ft wide X 70 ft long were established in areas where damage was evident. Randomly assigned treatments with three replications were used for the test. Soil had 0.2% humic matter and a pH of 5.9. The plots were pre-irrigated with 0.25 inch of water and treated on 19 Oct. Soil temperature was 68°F, air temperature 60°F, and the chemicals were applied late in the day with a Broyhill® fairway sprayer using 8006 nozzles at 40 psi. The chemicals were not watered in and the night of treatment was cool. Plots were evaluated by taking five random m2 grid samples/replicate. The grid was placed randomly and fresh damage observed in each of the nine subgrids (0 = not damage, 9 = severe damage) was recorded. Data presented are the avg of 15 ratings made/treatment for each sampling date. Evaluations were conducted on 27 Oct (8 DAT) and 6 Nov (18 DAT). All data were transformed X + 0.5. Actual means are presented in the table.
Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses in South Mississippi, 1991:
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairways on Jackson County Golf Course on the Gulf Coast. Soil type was sandy clay loam. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications, 10,000 ft2 each. All treatments were applied on 14 Oct with a Snyder Polyolefin Agro-Tank tractor mounted hydraulic sprayer. Total spray volume was 60 gal water per acre using 8003 T-jet fan nozzles with 30 psi. Immediately before and after treatment, ¼ inch irrigation water was applied to all plots except the Orthene treated plots. All plots were irrigated with ¼ inch of water each morning after treatment for two weeks. Rainfall of ¼ inch occurred on 24 Oct. At the time of application soil moisture was wet, soil and ambient temperatures were 80° and 82°F, respectively. Relative humidity was moderate with a cloud cover of 30%. Mole cricket damage ratings were made using a I m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground in 20 locations/rep. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made on 11 Oct. and post-treatment counts were made on 29 Oct.
Spring Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses in South Mississippi, 1992:
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on Fairways at the Jackson County Golf Course on the Gulf Coast. Soil type was sandy clay loam. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each replication was 10,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 1 May. A second (½ rate) application of Biosys #319 nematodes was made on 15 May to one treatment. All treatments were applied with a Snyder Polyolefin Agro-Tank tractor mounted hydraulic sprayer. Total spray volume was 50 gal water per acre using 8003 T-jet flat nozzles with 50 psi. Immediately before and after treatment, ⅓ inch irrigation water was applied to all plots except the Orthene treated plots. All plots were irrigated with ¼ inch of water each afternoon after treatment for four weeks. Rainfall of ½ inch occurred on 24 May and a trace of rainfall was recorded on 24, 27, 28, 29, and 30 May. At the time of application soil moisture was wet, soil and ambient temperatures were 75° and 85°, respectively. Relative humidity was moderate with a cloud cover of 20%. Mole cricket damage ratings were made using a I m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground in 20 locations/rep. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made on 31 Apr and post-treatment counts were made on 15 and 29 May.
Efficacy of Several Insecticides Against Annual Bluegrass Weevils, Golf Course Fairway, 1992:
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 5 May to 2.0 X 2.0m plots, which were replicated 5 times and arranged in a RCB design. The plots were established on a golf course fairway in Rye, NY–annual bluegrass (65%), creeping bentgrass (35%), maintained at 1.3 cm. Granular materials were applied by hand using glass jars with perforated lids. Liquid materials were applied with watering cans, using 3 liters water per plot. The Turcam and Oftanol plots were watered in by hand (ca 0.5 cm) (pH 6.2) before the Orthene plots were treated. Soil temperature was 12°C (5 cm depth) at time of application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 2 Jun by removing 5 soil cores (10.6 cm diam) per plot and inspecting the cores under magnification in the Amherst laboratory (each plug was ca. 0.01 m2). At the time of sampling, the population was 21% 3rd instar, 27% 4th instar, 52% 5th instar.
White Grub Control in North Carolina Turfgrass, 1992
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots for 3 chemical treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replicates on an unirrigated Kentucky 31 fairway at Rivermont Golf Course in Surry Co. The mineral soil was 0.6% H. M. and had a pH of 6.1. Sampling prior to treatment revealed high numbers of grubs present with most of the grubs occurring in the top 1.5 inch of turf. The 10 x 10 ft plots were treated 31 Aug. Sevin 90DF was applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer using 8002 nozzles at 40 psi. The 2 granular formulations were applied using hand held shaker jars with perforated lids. Soil temperature was 69°F and all treatments were watered in by hand (approx. 0.25 inch) with a cart mounted tank and pump. Plots were evaluated on 20 Sep (20 DAT) by digging up and counting the number of live grubs present in 2, 1 ft2 areas of turf per plot. All data were transformed VA + 0.5. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of the Cotton Aphid on Chrysanthemum Under Greenhouse Conditions, Winter 1991
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemums were obtained as rooted cuttings and potted in 15 cm pots in a greenhouse at UCR and allowed 8 wk growth (25-30 cm tall) before use. During the growth phase, the plants were exposed to heavy populations of aphids. By 4 wk, all plants were moderately infested with aphids. The terminal portion (3 unexpanded leaves) of each plant was marked with a twist tie and used for aphid counts. Pre- and post-treatment counts were made on the same aphids and their young, if produced. To ensure an equal distribution of aphids/treatment, plants were assigned to treatments in a RCB design on raised greenhouse benches. Six plants/treatment were sprayed at 40 psi to runoff using a hand sprayer. All spray treatments were made weekly for 4 wk. The Merit 0.5%G soil treatment was made only once at the beginning of the trial. Pretreatment counts and treatments were made on the same day (day 0). Post-treatment counts were taken 14 and 28 DAT.
Control of the Sweetpotato Whitefly on Poinsettia Using Soil Treatments and A Parasitoid, Summer 1992
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Poinsettias obtained as rooted cuttings were potted in 15 cm pots. Plants were allowed 4 wk growth (25-30 cm tall) before use in trials. Four plants/treatment were arranged in a RCB design on a greenhouse bench. Poinsettia leaves were numbered from top (first leaf of 1 cm2) down. On day 0, a pre-treatment count of all stages of SWF in a 2.5 cm diam circle on leaf 10 was taken. On the same day, four rates of two form, of merit (2.5 G and 240 F) were applied by hand to each pot. On day 25, a post-treatment count of all immature stages, emerged and parasitized whiteflies were made.
Biological Control of Annual White Grubs with Entomophagous Nematodes, 1992
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Gaussoin R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a perennial ryegrass golf course fairway. The turf (99% perennial rye) was maintained at a mowing height of 1.6 cm and thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.64 to 1.3 cm. Field conditions at the time of application were: air temperature, 20°C; soil temperature (10-cm depth), 23.9°C; soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6.0 to 7.0; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, 18%. Plots were 3.05 x 3.05 m and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied 12 Aug. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer using a LF-4 nozzle at 165.5 KPa and delivering 18.9 liter spray/93 m2. The test area was irrigated prior to applications with 0.64 cm of water and periodically syringed during treatment. Immediately following applications, plots were irrigated with approximately 1.3 cm of water. Treatments were evaluated 21 DAT on 2 Sep by removing from each plot nine, 20.3 cm diam turf-soil cores (0.3 m2 total area) to a depth of 7.6 cm and counting the number of surviving grubs.
European Chafer Larvae Control, Michigan, 1992
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A grid of 3 ft X 3ft plots separated by 1 ft wide buffer strips was used for this test, at a golf course in Belmont, MI. The plots were located on irrigated rough with sandy soil. Each treatment was replicated six times. Granular insecticides were applied with modified “salt” shakers. Insecticides were mixed with 1500 ml of water and applied at a rate of 137 ml/9 ft2 (175 gal/acre) with a single nozzle, hand-held wand C02 sprayer from R&D Sprayers. Insecticide applications were made at 50 psi through an 8003 flat fan nozzle. The nematode treatments were applied at 10 psi through an 8008 flat fan nozzle. The plots treated with nematodes were watered immediately after application with 1/2 inch of water applied with a watering can. All treatments were applied on 9 Sep except Merit which was applied on 24 Aug. Evaluations were made on 12 Oct by digging up a 14 inch x 14 inch area and counting all live grubs. Replications 5 and 6 were dropped from all treatments for analysis as they had very low counts.
Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid with Joust 4L (Oxythioquinox), 1992
Authors: Bruce Steward V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Longwood Gardens, located in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania to determine the effectiveness of a foliar spray of the high labeled rate of Joust 4L for controlling hemlock woolly adegids on eastern hemlocks. Trees had moderate infestations of aestivating flrst-instar adelgid nymphs. On 1 Sep, four trees ranging in height from 3 to 4 m were treated using a Hypro Corp. diaphragm sprayer operating at 400 psi with a Green Garde JD-101L nozzle. Approximately 13 liters of spray mix were applied to each tree. Treatment was performed between 8 to 9 am, under clear skies, 17°C, 45% RH, and &lt; 2 mph winds. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated on 21 Sep by sampling four branches from 4 sprayed and 4 unsprayed trees. The first 100 adelgids on each branch encountered were recorded as dead or alive; 1600 adelgids were examined for the treatment.
Spring Control of Pales Weevil on Fresh Cut Scotch Pine Stumps with Conventional and Experimental Formulations in Schyulkill Haven, Pennsylvania, 1992
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four treatments were applied to evaluate control of pales weevil on fresh cut stumps of Scotch pine Christmas trees. Each treatment was applied on 29 Apr and replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Stump treatments were completed by drenching each stump with the formulation added to 360 ml of water. At treatment time, the following conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; water pH, 7.0; 50% RH; and skies were sunny. At 167 DAT (13 Oct), the number of new chip cocoons was recorded to the first lateral root.
Fletcher Scale Control on Taxus in A Field Test, Michigan, 1992
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in a nursery field owned by Zelenka's Nursery near Allendale, MI. The part of the field used in the test consisted of 6 beds, 15-27 rows, 800 ft. long. The beds were divided into 24 treatments replicated 6 times. Each plot was 200 ft long. Eight plants per plot were flagged and the number of scale insects counted. Prespray counts were made on 18 Sep 1991 and on 25 Jun 1992. Postspray counts were made on 22 Oct 1991 and 20 Sep 1992. For all but the initial 18 Sep 1991 sample, 4 twigs from the bottom and outside of each of 8 plants were collected and evaluated for scale insects (adults and immatures) and parasites under a microscope in the lab. The initial sample was taken by visually examining each shrub for 30 s for the number of adult females. The plots in this field received the same treatments both years. In 1991 Dursban was applied in 50 or 200 gal of water per acre. In 1992, both Dursban treatments were applied in 50 gal of water per acre. Applications were made on 24-26 Sep 1991 and 7-8 Jul 1992 using a modified airblast sprayer. The sprayer concentrates the spray downward to better penetrate the shrubs.
Apple, Evaluation of Pyrellin E.C. in Dip Water to Control Redbanded Leafroller and Tufted Apple Bud Moth Larvae on Apples Before Placement in Storage, 1990
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to gather preliminary data on the possibility of controlling RBLR adhering to fruit before it is placed in storage. Since most apples enter packing sheds via a water dump, and since the insecticide under test is registered for use on harvested produce, including fruit, adding the toxicant to the dip water appeared to be a possible, practical control method. Test No. 1: Thirty apples with RBLR larvae adhering to the surfaces of the fruit were obtained from a bin of drop apples collected from under the trees in a commercial apple orchard on 20 Oct. Larvae were disturbed as little as possible during collection and leaves covering the larval sites were left in place. Each infested apple was marked by sticking an aluminum shingle nail into the fruit some distance from the location of the insect. The infested fruit was randomly distributed among the fruit filling a one bushel packing crate. Fifty gallons of untreated well water was placed in a galvanized tank and 12 fl. oz. of Pyrellin E.C. was thoroughly mixed with the water. A wooden cover was held on top of the fruit to keep it in the crate while the crate was immersed in the pesticide solution for one minute. Following dipping, the crate was placed on an outside, roofed, loading dock where it remained until the larvae were examined twenty-four hours later. Test No. 2: This test, conducted on 26 Oct, was similar in most respects to test No. 1. However, the apples came from a different orchard. In test 2, a plastic garbage bag was placed under the crate after dipping in an attempt to capture exiting larvae. Prior to this test the grower had reported a heavy population of tufted apple bud moth, however it was found to be RBLR when larvae from the test were collected.