bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural components for the development of a heart failure network
Authors: Luedike Peter , Papathanasiou Maria , Schmack Bastian , Kamler Markus , Perings Christian , Ruhparwar Arjang , Rassaf Tienush 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDiagnosis and treatment of heart failure (HF) is challenging, and development of specialized HF networks is mandatory to warrant broad access to guideline directed therapies for patients. Numerous national cardiovascular societies recommend a three‐level association of health care providers. This comprises tertiary academic centres, specialized HF clinics and specialized general cardiologists to cover the large spectrum of HF severity and entities. Although this idea of a multi‐level care is widely accepted, optimal approach to build and implement a HF network service needs further definition. The core principle is that of network healthcare facilities that also consider regional peculiarities and that implements academic standards, quality indicators (QIs), interdisciplinarity and reimbursement strategies. These determinants of trans‐sectoral healthcare need to be embedded in a network that provides sustainability and that incorporates QIs to objectify the efficacy of specific measures. The basis of a HF‐network should be a certification system of the respective national HF association to warrant guideline standards and to prevent development of regional hierarchies or dependencies between members. This nationwide framework needs to be complemented by a federal system of regional networks, which also takes local demands into account. These regional units should incorporate digital communication and interaction pathways, structured educational programmes, certified telehealth concepts and follow‐up algorithms to meet the requirements of sustainability and efficacy. We here summarize different components of HF networks and introduce the structure and development philosophy of the RUHR‐HF‐network that constitutes the first certified HF‐clinics‐network in the Ruhr area—the largest metropolitan area in Germany.
Transfer learning data adaptation using conflation of low‐level textural features
Authors: Wanjiku Raphael Ngigi , Nderu Lawrence , Kimwele Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdapting the target dataset for a pre‐trained model is still challenging. These adaptation problems result from a lack of adequate transfer of traits from the source dataset; this often leads to poor model performance resulting in trial and error in selecting the best‐performing pre‐trained model. This paper introduces the conflation of source domain low‐level textural features extracted using the first layer of the pre‐trained model. The extracted features are compared to the conflated low‐level features of the target dataset to select a higher‐quality target dataset for improved pre‐trained model performance and adaptation. From comparing the various probability distance metrics, Kullback‐Leibler is adopted to compare the samples from both domains. We experiment on three publicly available datasets and two ImageNet pre‐trained models used in past studies for results comparisons. This proposed approach method yields two categories of the target samples with those with lower Kullback‐Leibler values giving better accuracy, precision and recall. The samples with the lower Kullback‐Leibler values give a higher margin accuracy rate of 0.22%–9.15%, thereby leading to better model adaptation and easier model selection process for the target transfer learning datasets and tasks.
Vanadium redox battery parameter estimation using electrochemical model by reduced number of sensors
Authors: Khaki Bahman , Sawant Rutvika , Das Pritam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe voltage and current sensors are normally necessary to estimate parameters of batteries like redox flow batteries. The estimable internal battery parameters are normally the state of charge and the available capacity of the battery in charging and discharging modes. These sensors have inherent delay and error, which result in error and delay in estimations of the battery parameters. The cost of these sensors also increases the total cost of the battery system. Therefore, this research aims to propose algorithms with a reduced number of sensors to estimate the parameters of Vanadium redox flow batteries. An algorithm is introduced in the current study in discharging mode with only a voltage sensor and without current sensor, and further, the battery current is estimated. Another algorithm is proposed in charging mode without current and voltage sensors; further, the battery current and terminal voltage are estimated. The proposed algorithms are based on the electrochemical model of the battery. The algorithm is tested in discharging mode, and the results show the Root Mean Square (RMS) error of 0.39 for the estimated battery current. In charging mode, the proposed algorithm is verified via two CC‐CV charging datasets, and the results show the RMS errors of 0.29 and 0.61, respectively for the estimated battery current. The estimation errors in charging and discharging modes are considerably low, and further, the state‐of‐charge and the capacity of the battery are also estimated.
Solid acid HND‐26 as a novel catalyst: Green and sustainable alternatives towards synthesis of benzyl cinnamate
Authors: Yu Qian , Zhang Hao , Tian Liya , Sun Shangde 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh melting point and hydrophilicity of phenolic acids limit their application in lipophilic environments such as fat‐containing cosmetics and foods. The esterification of the carboxyl group with fatty and aromatic alcohols has been considered as an effective way to enhance the lipophilicity of phenolic acids and thus enable better location of the antioxidant moiety into membranes and interface of emulsion systems where oxidation is expected to occur. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the catalytic properties of six solid acids (HND‐34, HND‐6, HND‐580, HND‐2, HND‐8 and HND‐26) for the synthesis of benzyl cinnamate. Results show that HND‐26 was the most effective solid acid to catalyse the esterification reaction of cinnamic acid with benzyl alcohol. By using response surface methodology, the influence of key experimental factors on the yield of benzyl cinnamate was investigated and the maximum yield (95.1%) was obtained under the optimized conditions (58°C, cinnamic acid/benzyl alcohol 1:20 (mol/mol), HND‐26 loading 13.8% and 25 hours). The activation energy of cinnamic acid conversion with benzyl alcohol was 30.3 kJ/mol. Obtained results provide a cost‐effective way of green synthesis of benzyl cinnamate and highlights the potential applications of HND‐26 as an efficient catalyst for the production of phenolic acid esters with broad usage in cosmetic industry.
Pressure shafts of hydro power plants – Bridging a single fissure in the rock mass
Authors: Innerhofer Guntram , Greiner Richard , Innerhofer Guntram , Innerhofer Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn a former paper of the authors a concept for dimensioning pressure shafts, considering the passive resistance of rock‐mass, has been developed. The assumption made there was that many cracks are distributed evenly over the circumference. The width of a single fissure was estimated by a reduction factor on the cumulated width of cracks. This question was now investigated analytically on basis of common mechanical principles and was confirmed by FE calculations. On hand of examples a dimensioning concept for bridging a single fissure by the steel lining has been developed. In the annex questions frequently arising over the planning process are discussed. It is intended to facilitate an overall judgement of the individual system by better knowledge of the complex relations.
CO2 reduction in tunnel construction from a material technology point of view
Authors: Aldrian Wolfgang , Bantle Annika , Juhart Joachim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTunnelling and underground construction is a material‐intensive undertaking that involves the use of large quantities of concrete. Analyses of the life‐cycle assessment of a new tunnel show that the carbon footprint is largely determined by cement and concrete consumption. Optimising the quantity used, composition and properties of this construction material is thus crucial to reducing ‘'grey'' emissions – CO2 emissions arising from the construction phase. While strength and durability requirements along with exposure classes are clearly set out in directives and tender specifications, CO2 emissions per cubic metre of concrete are not currently considered a relevant criterion when it comes to project design, award and implementation. And this, despite the fact that the current state of knowledge and research shows that substantially lower‐carbon concretes could be used than is generally the case today. A paradigm shift is required to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the construction industry.This paper shows how CO2 emissions per cubic metre of concrete can be declared and reduced in tunnel construction, and how concrete recipes can be formulated using climate‐friendly materials, while maintaining the required strengths and durability properties. Using the design approaches outlined here, it is possible to increase clinker efficiency and reduce CO2 intensity without adversely affecting the structure and its functionality.
Safety gallery Kerenzerberg (CH) – Practical experiences with an innovative and emission‐free logistics concept
Authors: Schönlechner Christian , Längle Thomas , Müller Christoph , Weber Wolfgang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe main lot of the Kerenzerberg safety gallery, a project of the Swiss Federal Roads Office (ASTRA), is currently under construction. In addition to the main works, the construction of a 5.2 km long safety gallery with a tunnel boring machine, the contract includes the excavation of 20 cross‐passages and 52 ventilation galleries. The Joint Venture KER450 that was awarded the contact chose to excavate these cross headings simultaneously to the main drive. To implement the logistics concept, which needs to be highly capable and flexible at the same time, the contractor decided on an innovative and emission‐free supply system known as Automated Service Vehicles (ASV). These fully electric, wheel‐bound vehicles allow an almost automatic operation and were recently developed and supplied by the company VirtuRail. The first experiences after approximately one year of operation are very positive and have proven to be a main factor in the successful realisation of a challenging logistics concept.
Energiewende – Einblicke und Ausblicke
Authors: Kaspar Achim , Kunsch Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe success of the energy transition in relation to achieving a low carbon fossil‐free energy of the future largely depends on the extent to which collective efforts are geared towards specific goals, as the actual transformation of the energy sector is shaped by many challenges and uncertainties. Pandemics, uninterrupted supply chains and ongoing conflicts add to the complexity of the situation. The International Energy Agency has published its ”World Energy Outlook“ since 1998 and demonstrates ways of achieving a decarbonised energy of the future based on different scenarios. Taking three energy scenarios as the starting point, possible routes and corresponding effects by 2050 are outlined.
CO2 reduction in tunnelling from the point of view of construction design and implementation
Authors: Golser Johann , Friess Jakob , Luniaczek Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTunnel construction is not immune to the climate crisis – here too there is an urgent need to improve the carbon footprint. The production of concrete and consumption of cement cause climate‐damaging CO2 emissions. A tunnel with a 10 m diameter, for example, generates around 10 t of CO2 per linear metre. The main priority is thus to reduce the amount of concrete and steel reinforcement used and to select low‐carbon cements and binders, as well as employing single‐shell construction methods suited to the requirements of the construction project. We need to consider practical approaches to reducing concrete volumes which go beyond structural requirements. CO2 reduction in tunnelling starts with the design and approval process, so financial incentives must be built into award criteria and construction contracts. This article aims to highlight ideas which in future will play an increasingly important role in the design of underground construction works than is currently the case. Although many well‐established work practices and design details in underground construction are based on decades of experience and are bound by normative and contractual framework conditions, it is now time to re‐examine the facts and consider new ideas that reflect the need to reduce CO2 in concrete construction.
CERN Future Circular Collider – the Mining the Future competition
Authors: Hauzinger Elisabeth , Galler Robert , Schneider Daniel , Benedikt Michael , Ulrici Luisa , Gutleber Johannes , Charitos Panagiotis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) is the world's largest research centre for high‐energy and particle physics. The research infrastructure contributed to the greatest successes in the field of experimental physics. A new, approximatively 91 km long subsurface infrastructure connected to the existing particle accelerator complex is being conceived in the frame of the Future Circular Collider. It would serve a global community of researchers with two subsequently operated particle colliders until the end of the 21st century. Even at an early stage of such a project, comprehensive investigations have to be carried out into the nature of the subsoil in order to find an optimal utilisation strategy for the excavated material in accordance with the national and international regulations in order to promote the recycling of excavated tunnel material in terms of resource conservation and the improvement of the sustainability of underground construction projects.
Sustainable Tunnelling – An infrastructure operator's, planner's, contractor's and scientist's perspective
Authors: Heissenberger Roman , Grunicke Urs H. , Raschendorfer Jürgen , Holzer Clemens 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSustainability is a guiding principle for political, economic and ecological action, which in companies, societies and countries all over the world, is based on the following three pillars: ecology, economy and social aspects. With the associated worldwide efforts to reduce emissions, this topic has also arrived in the construction industry in general and thus in tunnel construction in particular. In addition to the actual planning, construction, use and maintenance of mined structures, tunnel builders certainly have a special role to play, since the creation of underground structures relieves overground structures and can also change living space for the better. However, the influences and impact must always be considered in the overall context of all three pillars of sustainability – and in our fast‐paced times, this requires a considerable change in mindset as well as a clear change and expansion of the assessment standards. The following article draws a current picture of “sustainable tunnelling” on the basis of four sub‐sections that describe selected tasks and approaches from the perspective of operators, planners, the construction industry and science as a basis for discussion.
A26 Linz motorway – Past and future challenges
Authors: Sempelmann Franz , Edlmair Gerald 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAfter a long design and approval process, the construction works for the first phase of the A26 started in 2019. The A26 not only relieves the central part of the road network of the city of Linz but also allows the river Danube to be crossed by means of a bridge: a 300 m long bridge, anchored in the rock slopes forming the banks of the Danube. The elements of the first phase are the Danube bridge and the two underground motorway junctions, Danube North and South, with excavation cross‐sections of up to 400 m2 and the tight radii of the motorway on‐ramps. Besides these conditions, urban planning requirements such as the protection of residents against immissions caused by noise and vibration, and the increased negative impacts resulting from the traffic during construction have an effect on the construction works. The excavated material from the tunnel is transported off site by ship. The existing rock mass requires excavation by means of the drill‐and‐blast method. The project‐specific boundary conditions such as the high number of portals, the noise‐reflecting effect of the “Danube gorge” and the low overburden require substantial measures to limit and monitor the immissions.
A Conversation with Chimeric Animal Researchers
Authors: Craig Kaitlynn P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this conversation, three researchers from the fields of developmental biology and stem cell science—Ali Brivanlou, Lorenz Studer, and May Schwarz—speak about the importance of conducting chimeric animal experiments. The scientists describe some of the stem cell‐based chimeric research being conducted in the United States, responsibilities they have in using modified animals for experiments, and things they would like the public to understand about this research. This conversation illuminates not only what chimeric animal researchers are doing in the lab but also how their work may benefit society and where this science might go in the future.
MHD natural convection heat and mass transfer flow over an inclined porous plate with thermophoresis and nonlinear thermal radiation effects
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Samaila Gabriel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study examined magnetohydrodynamic natural convection mass and heat transfer flow of an electrically conducting and viscous incompressible fluid over an inclined porous plate with thermophoresis, suction/injection, and uniform magnetic field. The mathematical model governing the fluid behavior surrounding an inclined plate is solved through the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order after utilizing the shooting method. The implication of active dimensionless parameters in the governing equations is fully discussed in detail. The results obtained show that, in the existence of nonlinear thermal radiation and suction/injection, the heat transfer rises with the increase in the angle of inclination but it decreases with the mass transfer and plate shear stress. Furthermore, the heat transfer rate experiences a serious setback due to the increase in the buoyancy force but improves the plate shear stress. The mass transfer is directly proportional to the thermophoresis effect. In addition, Particle suction increases the velocity and temperature curves while it declines the concentration profile, but the opposite is valid for injection. Nonlinear thermal radiation positively affects the temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles. The Lorentz force suppresses the fluid transport and retard the rate of particle concentration, but promotes the fluid temperature distribution. It is also deduced that increasing the rate of particle suction from 0 to 1, accounts for over 76% increase in the particle deposition at the plate surface. However, increasing the rate of particle injection from 0.004 to 0.250 accounts for an over 83% decrease in the particle deposition at the plate surface.
A powerful probabilistic model for noise analysis in medical images
Authors: Gürman Mustafa , Bilgehan Bülent , Sabuncu Özlem , Mirzaei Omid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe statistical properties in various medical images demonstrate uncorrelated noise fluctuations. The signal noise fluctuations are generally due to physical imaging processes and have nothing to do with the tissue textures. Adding the noise types (e.g., quantization, electronics, photon) usually degrade medical images. The noise variation is usually assumed to be additive with zero‐mean, constant variance Gaussian distribution. However, close consideration of different medical images indicates the need for better model representation to minimise the noise that can be vital in decision‐making. This research proposed a probabilistic method to represent all real‐type noise in general medical images. The method aims to cover most classical statistical models such as Gaussian, lognormal, Rayleigh, Weibull, and Nakagami without a prior examination to test for fitness. The proposed model was applied to actual clinical images to test the performance of the noise originating from the physical processes. The noise is assumed to be additive white Gaussian type with a zero mean and constant variance. The theoretical literature indicates that a nonlinear function can better represent noise. This research helps to form a relationship between the image intensity and the noise variance that yields the fitting parameters in the introduced nonlinear function. The validity of the proposed method was proved mathematically and tested using the well know Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K‐S) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) tests. The method was successfully applied to various clinical images such as magnetic resonance, x‐ray, and panoramic images. The model's performance is compared with the classical models using root mean squared error (RMSE), relative error (RE), and R2 as the evaluation matrices. The presented model has outperformed all classic models.
A novel convolutional neural network‐based approach for brain tumor classification using magnetic resonance images
Authors: Cinar Necip , Kaya Mehmet , Kaya Buket 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBrain tumor is a disease that seriously threatens human health and can often be treated with risky surgeries. Experts detect brain tumor with high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, the expected accuracy value could not be reached in the studies carried out so far. The aim of this study is to develop a new approach for detecting brain tumor types using MR images. In the proposed approach, it is designed a CNN‐based neural network from scratch. The results of the method were compared with existing networks. The proposed approach detected glioma tumors with 99.64%, meningiomas tumor with 96.53%, pituitary tumors with 98.39% and an average of 98.32% accuracy. The developed CNN based model is also compared with deep CNN models such as ResNet50, VGG19, DensetNet121 and InceptionV3, which are operated by transfer learning method. The results show that the proposed approach outperforms other deep neural networks.
Spillovers from gender equality onto economic equality: Evidence from 162 nations
Authors: Nelson Michael A. , Goel Rajeev K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the influence of different aspects of gender equality or female empowerment on income inequality. A key question addressed is: Are there positive spillovers from gender equality to income equality? Using data drawn from 162 nations over the years 1985–2019, results show that nations with a long history of women's suffrage, greater representation of women in the government, lower fertility rates and better overall gender equality experienced lower income inequality, ceteris paribus. These results are largely supported in several robustness checks, including different model estimation strategies to address potential reverse‐causality issues, considering alternative measures of income inequality, and considerations of persistence and nonlinearities in the gender inequality measures. The spillovers from some dimensions of gender equality are found to be sensitive to existing income inequality. Policymakers ignoring the payoffs from gender empowerment on income distribution might be underinvesting in initiatives to empower women.