bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contingent convertible bonds and macroeconomic stability in a stock‐flow consistent model
Authors: Kremer Elise , Tinel Bruno 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper develops a kaleckian economy in a stock‐flow consistent (SFC) model to assess the effect of contingent convertible bonds (CoCos) in terms of stability through numerical simulations. The specific characteristics of the model are a dual sector of households (workers and investors) and a dual banking system (retail banks and investment banks). Two simulations are implemented. One focuses on an increase in defaults on workers' loans which triggers a write‐down of CoCos issued by retail banks and the other on a decrease in corporate share prices which triggers a write‐down of CoCos issued by investment banks. The overall effects are qualitatively similar. There is a shift of risks and adjustment costs from issuers to holders of CoCos which reduces companies' investment and investing‐households’ consumption. The simulations show that the triggering of CoCos has a positive effect on the balance sheet of CoCos issuers. It also reduces the cost of bailouts. In return, there is an increase in real and financial instability. Two regulatory recommendations follow from this research. (1) Banks could be required to issue a fraction of their debt in CoCos in order to reduce bailout costs. (2) When CoCos are activated, their issuer could be forced not to intervene on all or part of the financial markets, for a predefined period of time and/or value, in order to limit the destabilisation of price assets.
The new discourses of nation: The origins of nationalism in late eighteenth‐century Hungary (Part 2)
Authors: Almási Gábor , Šubarić Lav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe main thesis of this article is that nationalist political discourses emerged in Hungary more suddenly, radically, and earlier than previously thought. An underlying assumption is that nationalism may be best understood through an analysis of political discourses. The sudden appeal of these kinds of political discourses demands explanation. How did the discourses of nation overwrite earlier discourses? How did they gain social, political and cultural legitimacy? How were they related to the Enlightenment? In answering these questions, we first point to the ambiguity and fluidity of new concepts and terms, such as nation, language, fatherland, patriot, and foreigner. These key concepts of nationalist discourses provided innovative and independent sources of political legitimation. They enabled the frameworks of political life and thought to be re‐established. They made for an easy entry into politics because they were rooted in familiar, earlier political discourses. However, for the success of nationalism as a political paradigm, the new discourses of nation also had to make attractive ideological offers and project positive visions of the future. These offers, as we will show, were built on an appeal to “public happiness.” They bound together Magyarisation and nationalism and grew from an ideology into a political programme.
Impact of oral health literacy and psychoactive substances on tooth loss in adolescents
Authors: Lopes Roanny Torres , Neves Érick Tássio Barbosa , da Costa Dutra Laio , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Paiva Saul Martins , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate associations between tooth loss, and oral health literacy, the use of multiple psychoactive substances, and the reason for the last dental appointment in adolescents. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 746 adolescents aged 15–19 years in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. The adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD‐30), the alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test, and an oral health questionnaire from the National Oral Health Survey. The adolescents were then examined by two examiners who had undergone training and calibration exercises for the diagnosis of tooth loss due to caries (K > 0.80). Associations between variables were investigated using robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of tooth loss was 17.4%. Oral health literacy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89–0.97) was inversely associated with tooth loss, while multiple psychoactive substance use (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.09–3.69) and last dental visit for treatment/symptoms (OR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.73–5.36) were directly associated with tooth loss. Oral health literacy, multiple psychoactive substance use, and reason for last dental appointment exerted an influence on tooth loss among adolescents.
Thinking outside the box, improvisation, and fast learning: Designing policy robustness to deal with what cannot be foreseen
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Toth Federico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolicies are continually subjected to turbulence and crises. Interest in policy robustness as a fundamental way to deal with what cannot be foreseen is increasing. Thus, there is a flourishing stream of literature suggesting that policies need to be designed to be agile and flexible. However, the associated characteristics remain undeveloped. This article fills this gap by drawing on lessons obtained from the unplanned behaviors that were adopted in the management of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Individual and organizational behaviors characterized by outside the box thinking, improvisation, and fast learning yielded solutions to unexpected problems. In this article, some of these emblematic unplanned behaviors are assessed, and the research builds on the literature on policy robustness, crisis management, and organizational theory to identify three enabling conditions to design more robust policies: coordinated autonomy, training for unplanned responses, and political institutional capacity.
Organ‐specific symptom patterns during oral food challenge in children with peanut and tree nut allergy
Authors: Dobbertin‐Welsch Josefine , Staudacher Olga , Yürek Songül , Trendelenburg Valérie , Tschirner Sebastian , Ziegert Mandy , Ahrens Frank , Millner‐Uhlemann Martina , Büsing Susanne , Striegel Anne , Ott Hagen , Arens Alisa , Gappa Monica , Lange Lars , Gernert Sunhild , Niggemann Bodo , Beyer Kirsten 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeanut and tree nut allergies are common in childhood and often severe in nature. The clinical picture shows a wide variety of symptoms.ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution of clinical symptoms and severity during oral food challenges (OFC) in children.MethodsAnalysis of 1.013 prospectively recorded, positive OFCs with peanut (n = 607), hazelnut (n = 266), walnut (n = 97), and cashew (n = 43). Symptoms were categorized as immediate‐type skin, gastrointestinal, upper and lower respiratory, cardiovascular symptoms, and eczema exacerbation. Symptom severity and treatment were recorded.ResultsSkin symptoms presented in 78%, followed by gastrointestinal (47%), upper (42%), and lower respiratory symptoms (32%). Cardiovascular symptoms presented in 6%. In three‐quarter of the reactions, more than one organ was involved. Importantly, severe reactions occurred at every dose level. Peanut‐ and cashew‐allergic patients had a higher relative risk of gastrointestinal symptoms compared with hazelnut‐ and walnut‐allergic patients. Patients without vomiting had a 1.7 times higher risk developing immediate‐type skin and/or lower respiratory symptoms. Three‐quarter of the patients ever had eczema but worsening presented in only 10.5% of the OFCs. In patients with multiple food allergies, organs involved, eliciting dose and severity differed between allergens.ConclusionAlthough comparisons between allergen groups with different clinical history, severity, comorbidities and laboratory data are difficult and might contain bias, our data confirm the high allergenic potential of peanut and tree nuts. The rare occurrence of eczema worsening emphasizes that avoidance diets of peanuts and tree nuts to cure eczema seem to be unnecessary and may hamper tolerance maintenance.
3D Browsing of Wide‐Angle Fisheye Images Under View‐Dependent Perspective Correction
Authors: Huang Mingyi , Wu Jun , Peng Zhiyong , Zhao Xuemei , Xu Gang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a novel technique for 3D browsing of wide‐angle fisheye images using view‐dependent perspective correction (VDPC). First, the fisheye imaging model with interior orientation parameters (IOPs) is established. Thereafter, a VDPC model for wide‐angle fisheye images is proposed that adaptively selects correction planes for different areas of the image format. Finally, the wide‐angle fisheye image is re‐projected to obtain the visual effect of browsing in hemispherical space, using the VDPC model and IOPs of the fisheye camera calibrated using the ideal projection ellipse constraint. The proposed technique is tested on several downloaded internet images with unknown IOPs. Results show that the proposed VDPC model achieves a more uniform perspective correction of fisheye images in different areas, and preserves the detailed information with greater flexibility compared with the traditional perspective projection conversion (PPC) technique. The proposed algorithm generates a corrected image of 512 × 512 pixels resolution at a speed of 58 fps when run on a pure central processing unit (CPU) processor. With an ordinary graphics processing unit (GPU) processor, a corrected image of 1024 × 1024 pixels resolution can be generated at 60 fps. Therefore, smooth 3D visualisation of a fisheye image can be realised on a computer using the proposed algorithm, which may benefit applications such as panorama surveillance, robot navigation, etc.
Expanding the social psychological study of educators through humanizing principles
Authors: Destin Mesmin , Silverman David M. , Rogers Leoandra Onnie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe social psychological study of education contains growing potential to contribute to the understanding of learning and the design of effective learning environments that support youth development. As research on educators in particular expands, there are key insights and perspectives from areas outside of psychology that can help to guide the direction of new studies and approaches. Humanizing frameworks are especially well suited to inform the social psychological study of educators, as they address the ways that institutions deny the humanity of people from groups that face economic and ethnic‐racial marginalization in the United States. By following principles of humanization to evaluate, deepen, and broaden social psychological approaches, future research becomes more likely to advance knowledge in ways that embrace the inherent value of students as whole people. Identity‐based motivation theory provides an example of a social psychological approach expanding to emphasize the role of educators with attention to principles of humanization.
Genomic insights into recent species divergence in Nicotiana benthamiana and natural variation in Rdr1 gene controlling viral susceptibility
Authors: Cauz‐Santos Luiz A. , Dodsworth Steven , Samuel Rosabelle , Christenhusz Maarten J. M. , Patel Denise , Shittu Taiwo , Jakob Aljaž , Paun Ovidiu , Chase Mark W. 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYOne of the most commonly encountered and frequently cited laboratory organisms worldwide is classified taxonomically as Nicotiana benthamiana (Solanaceae), an accession of which, typically referred to as LAB, is renowned for its unique susceptibility to a wide range of plant viruses and hence capacity to be transformed using a variety of methods. This susceptibility is the result of an insertion and consequent loss of function in the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase 1 (Rdr1) gene. However, the origin and age of LAB and the evolution of N. benthamiana across its wide distribution in Australia remain relatively underexplored. Here, we have used multispecies coalescent methods on genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess species limits, phylogenetic relationships and divergence times within N. benthamiana. Our results show that the previous taxonomic concept of this species in fact comprises five geographically, morphologically and genetically distinct species, one of which includes LAB. We provide clear evidence that LAB is closely related to accessions collected further north in the Northern Territory; this species split much earlier, c. 1.1 million years ago, from their common ancestor than the other four in this clade and is morphologically the most distinctive. We also found that the Rdr1 gene insertion is variable among accessions from the northern portions of the Northern Territory. Furthermore, this long‐isolated species typically grows in sheltered sites in subtropical/tropical monsoon areas of northern Australia, contradicting the previously advanced hypothesis that this species is an extremophile that has traded viral resistance for precocious development.
Analytic Velocity Obstacle for Efficient Collision Avoidance Computation and a Comparison Study With Sampling and Optimization-Based Approaches
Authors: Xi Zhimin , Torkamani Elnaz Asghari 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Velocity obstacle (VO) is one of the popular reactive navigation algorithms for the path planning of autonomous agents. The collision-free property can be guaranteed if the agent is able to choose a velocity outside the VO region under the assumption that obstacles maintain a constant velocity within the control cycle time of the agent. To date, the selection of the optimal velocity relies on either sampling or optimization approaches. The sampling approach can maintain the same amount of computation cost but may miss feasible solutions under collision risks with an insufficient number of samples. The optimization approach such as the linear programming demands convexity of the constraints in the velocity space which may not be satisfied considering non-holonomic agents. In addition, the algorithm has varying computation demands depending on the navigation situation. This paper proposes an analytic approach for choosing a candidate velocity rather than relying on sampling or optimization approaches. The analytic approach can significantly reduce computation costs without sacrificing performance. Agents with both holonomic and non-holonomic constraints are considered to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the proposed approach. Extensive comparison studies with static, non-reactive, and reactive moving obstacles demonstrate that the analytical VO is computationally much more efficient than the optimization-based approach and performs better than the sampling-based approach. Major video results of this paper can be accessed online.
Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Analogues of Purine Deoxynucleosides: Optimization of Enzymatic Transglycosylation Conditions
Authors: Drenichev M. S. , Dorinova E. O. , Varizhuk I. V. , Oslovsky V. E. , Varga M. A. , Esipov R. S. , Lykoshin D. D. , Alexeev C. S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this work, a comparative analysis of the conditions of transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by E. coli nucleoside phosphorylases was carried out, and the optimal conditions for the formation of various nucleosides were determined. Under the optimized conditions of transglycosylation reaction, fluorine-containing derivatives of N6-benzyl-2'-deoxyadenosine, potential inhibitors of replication of enteroviruses in a cell, were obtained starting from the corresponding ribonucleosides.
Positive impact on 10-year outcome of the window of opportunity for conventional synthetic DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort
Authors: Kedra Joanna , Lafourcade Alexandre , Combe Bernard , Dougados Maxime , Hajage David , Fautrel Bruno 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on 10-year outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPatients with RA from the ESPOIR cohort with complete data on Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints (DAS28) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 10 years (n=418) and complete radiographic data at baseline and 10 years (n=343) were included in this study. Outcomes were favourable outcome (FavOut) at 10 years, defined as DAS28 of <2.6 and HAQ score of <0.5 at 10 years, and absence of structural damage progression (AbsSDP) at 10 years, defined as change in Sharp-van der Heijde Score less than the smallest detectable change at 10 years (11.5 points). Three multivariate logistic regression models predicting 10-year outcome were built, considering (1) baseline variables only, (2) baseline variables and DMARD exposure (ever exposed, yes/no) and (3) baseline variables and DMARD exposure as weighted cumulative exposure (WCE) variables.ResultsOverall, 196/418 (46.9%) patients showed FavOut and 252/343 (73.5%) AbsSDP. WCE models had the best predictive performance, with area under the curve=0.80 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.87) for FavOut and 0.87 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.92) for AbsSDP. In the WCE model, the odds of FavOut and AbsSDP were reduced with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) initiation at 12 months versus at baseline (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.94, and OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.98, respectively). Early biologics initiation was not significantly associated with either outcome.ConclusionsWCE models can identify and quantify the long-term benefit of early csDMARD initiation on 10-year functional and structural outcomes in patients with RA.
Disseminating and assessing implementation of the EULAR recommendations for patient education in inflammatory arthritis: a mixed-methods study with patients’ perspectives
Authors: Jones Bethan , Bennett Sarah , Larsson Ingrid , Zangi Heidi , Boström Carina , Van der Elst Kristien , Fayet Françoise , Fusama Mie , Herrero Manso María del Carmen , Hoeper Juliana Rachel , Kukkurainen Marja Leena , Kwok Suet Kei , Frãzao-Mateus Elsa , Minnock Patricia , Nava Tiziana , Pavic Nikolic Milena , Primdahl Jette , Rawat Roopa , Schoenfelder Mareen , Sierakowska Matylda , Voshaar Marieke , Wammervold Edgar , van Tubergen Astrid , Ndosi Mwidimi 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo explore patients’ agreement and reasons for agreement or disagreement with the EULAR recommendations for patient education (PE) for people with inflammatory arthritis (IA).MethodsThis mixed-method survey collected data using snowball sampling. The survey had been translated into 20 languages by local healthcare professionals, researchers and patient research partners. It explored the degree to which patients with IA agreed with each recommendation for PE (0=do not agree at all and 10=agree completely) and their rationale for their agreement level in free text questions. Descriptive statistics summarised participants’ demographics and agreement levels. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the free text data. Sixteen subcategories were developed, describing the reasons for agreement or disagreement with the recommendations, which constituted the categories.ResultsThe sample comprised 2779 participants (79% female), with a mean (SD) age 55.1 (13.1) years and disease duration 17.1 (13.3) years. Participants strongly agreed with most recommendations (median 10 (IQR: 9–10) for most recommendations). Reasons for agreement with the recommendations included the benefit of using PE to facilitate collaborative care and shared decision making, the value of flexible and tailored PE, and the value of gaining support from other patients. Reasons for disagreement included lack of resources for PE, not wanting information to be tailored by healthcare professionals and a reluctance to use telephone-based PE.ConclusionThe EULAR recommendations for PE have been disseminated among patients with IA. Overall, agreement levels were very high, suggesting that they reflect patients’ preferences for engaging in collaborative clinical care and using PE to facilitate and supplement their own understanding of IA. Reasons for not completely agreeing with the recommendations can inform implementation strategies and education of healthcare professionals.
Exploitation for Multimedia Asian Information Processing and Artificial Intelligence-based Art Design and Teaching in Colleges
Authors: Xu Bo , Jiang Jing 
Published: May 2022

Artificial intelligence has been widely used in art education and learning due to its quick progress. Any creation made with the help of artificial intelligence is referred to as art design. It covers works generated independently by AI systems and works created in collaboration with humans and AI systems. The objective of directing the invention of environmental art design thinking is to stimulate students' learning and innovation abilities and teach students how to put design ideas into effect. Despite the progress of smart technologies, there are several challenges in increasing the teaching capabilities of technical art design courses, such as the influence of different variables, the absence of quantitative research, and the imperfection in the index system. In this paper, the
Artificial intelligence-based Art design and teaching (AI-ADT)
method in colleges increases the capacity to adapt to AI-oriented art education, establish intelligent teaching methods, and improve AI-oriented art teaching art knowledge and environments. The widespread application of artificial intelligence in design education has become a trend in development. Self-Learning Systems are software that incorporates machine learning techniques to allow computers to learn from and make judgments based on data without the need for explicit programming instructions. The art design profession should confirm and actively adapt to this development trend. Modify the original teaching mode, invent their teaching methods, continually enrich the teaching methods, enhance the quality of teaching, and constantly foster high-quality art design talents in the new age. AI-ADT investigates the optimization of the art design curriculum system in higher education institutions in the context of artificial intelligence. The experimental results show that the proposed method develops smart teaching (98.1%), flexibility (96.5%), performance (93.6%), participation (94.9%), and interaction (95.1%).
Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Couples 3βHSD1 Enzyme and Cofactor Upregulation to Facilitate Androgen Biosynthesis and Hormone Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Qin Liang , Chung Yoon-Mi , Berk Michael , Naelitz Bryan , Zhu Ziqi , Klein Eric , Chakraborty Abhishek A. , Sharifi Nima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Androgen deprivation therapy suppresses tumor androgen receptor (AR) signaling by depleting circulating testosterone and is a mainstay treatment for advanced prostate cancer. Despite initial treatment response, castration-resistant prostate cancer nearly always develops and remains driven primarily by the androgen axis. Here we investigated how changes in oxygenation affect androgen synthesis. In prostate cancer cells, chronic hypoxia coupled to reoxygenation resulted in efficient metabolism of androgen precursors to produce androgens and activate AR. Hypoxia induced 3βHSD1, the rate-limiting androgen synthesis regulator, and reoxygenation replenished necessary cofactors, suggesting that hypoxia and reoxygenation both facilitate potent androgen synthesis. The EGLN1/VHL/HIF2α pathway induced 3βHSD1 expression through direct binding of HIF2α to the 5′ regulatory region of HSD3B1 to promote transcription. Overexpression of HIF2α facilitated prostate cancer progression, which largely depended on 3βHSD1. Inhibition of HIF2α with the small-molecule PT2399 prevented prostate cancer cell proliferation. These results thus identify HIF2α as a regulator of androgen synthesis and potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.

Significance:
Hypoxia followed by reoxygenation in prostate cancer drives androgen deprivation therapy resistance via increasing the rate-limiting enzyme and cofactors for androgen synthesis, revealing HIF2α as a therapeutic target to subvert resistance.