bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia: lessons from a precision nomothetic psychiatry approach
Authors: Maes Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe present study aims to explain how to use the precision nomothetic approach to analyze the interconnections between the negative symptoms, cognitive dysfunctions and biomarkers of schizophrenia. We review our data obtained in different study groups of patients with (deficit) schizophrenia and show, using examples extracted from these studies, how Partial Least Squares (PLS) path analysis should be used to examine these complex associations. PLS path analysis combines factor and multiple regression analysis in mediated models. We show that a single latent trait can be extracted from negative symptom domains and psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, formal thought disorders and psychomotor retardation (PHEMFP). Both the negative and PHEMFP concepts miss discriminant validity whilst a common latent construct may be extracted from the 6 negative and 6 PHEMFP subdomains, dubbed overall severity of schizophrenia (OSOS). A common latent factor may be extracted from neurocognitive test scores including executive functions, and semantic and episodic memory dubbed the general cognitive decline (G-CoDe) index. PLS analysis shows that the effects of neuroimmunotoxic pathways on OSOS are partly mediated by the G-CoDe and indicate that those pathways have also direct effects on OSOS. We explain that the intercorrelations between those features should be assessed in an unrestricted study group combining patients and controls. Moreover, further bifactorial factor analysis with the restricted schizophrenia group may disclose illness-specific covariations among the features. Machine learning discovered a new schizophrenia phenotype characterized by increased severity of AOPs, G-CoDe, and OSOS, dubbed “major neurocognitive psychosis”.
Activation of ChvG-ChvI regulon by cell wall stress confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and initiates surface spreading inAgrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Williams Michelle A. , Bouchier Jacob M. , Mason Amara K. , Brown Pamela J.B. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTA core component of nearly all bacteria, the cell wall is an ideal target for broad spectrum antibiotics. Many bacteria have evolved strategies to sense and respond to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis, especially in the soil where antibiotic-producing bacteria compete with one another. Here we show that cell wall stress caused by both chemical and genetic inhibition of the essential, bifunctional penicillin-binding protein PBP1a prevents microcolony formation and activates the canonical host-invasion two-component system ChvG-ChvI inAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Using RNA-seq, we show that depletion of PBP1a for 6 hours results in a downregulation in transcription of flagellum-dependent motility genes and an upregulation in transcription of type VI secretion and succinoglycan biosynthesis genes, a hallmark of the ChvG-ChvI regulon. Depletion of PBP1a for 16 hours, results in differential expression of many additional genes and may promote a general stress response. Remarkably, the overproduction of succinoglycan causes cell spreading and deletion of the succinoglycan biosynthesis geneexoArestores microcolony formation. Treatment with cefsulodin phenocopies depletion of PBP1a and we correspondingly find thatchvGandchvImutants are hypersensitive to cefsulodin. This hypersensitivity only occurs in response to treatment with β-lactam antibiotics and moenomycin, suggesting that the ChvG-ChvI pathway may play a key role in resistance to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis. Finally, we provide evidence that ChvG-ChvI likely has a conserved role in conferring resistance to cell wall stress within the Alphaproteobacteria.AUTHOR SUMMARYSoil dwelling bacteria reside in changing environments requiring them to frequently adapt to stressful conditions to ensure survival. The bacterial envelope provides structural integrity and protection against osmotic stress and turgor pressure imposed by the environment. While the mechanisms of cell membrane and cell wall biogenesis have been extensively studied, our understanding of how diverse microbes respond to cell envelope and cell wall stress to increase their fitness remains limited. In this work, we identify ChvG-ChvI regulon as an envelope stress response system that confers protection under cell wall stress conditions in the bacterial plant pathogenAgrobacterium tumefaciens. This is a new function for the well-characterized ChvG-ChvI pathway which is also acid induced and promotes plant host invasion. Our results suggest that the ChvG-ChvI pathway has a broadly conserved role in protecting Alphaproteobacterial cells from extracellular stress and a more specific role in response to acid stress and promoting plant-microbe interactions.
Gut feelings: Associations of emotions and emotion regulation with the gut microbiome in women
Authors: Ke Shanlin , Guimond Anne-Josee , Tworoger Shelley S. , Huang Tianyi , Chan Andrew T. , Liu Yang-Yu , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that positive and negative emotions, as well as emotion regulation processes, influence the onset and the progression of multiple human diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting these emotion-related factors with physical health are not fully understood. Recent work linking the gut microbiome with both mental and physical health suggests it may be a potential pathway. Yet, its association with emotions and emotion regulation are understudied. In this study, we examined whether positive and negative emotions, as well as two emotion regulation strategies (i.e., cognitive reappraisal and suppression), were associated with the diversity, overall structure, and specific species/pathways of the gut microbiome in 206 healthy women. We found that the alpha diversity was negatively associated with suppression. Moreover, using multivariate analysis, we found that positive emotions were inversely associated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes bacterium CAG 94 and Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, while negative emotions were directly related to relative abundance of these same species. Moreover, we found associations of emotions and emotion regulation with microbial metabolic pathways. For example, negative emotions were inversely related to biosynthesis of pantothenate, coenzyme A, and adenosine. Taken together, our findings offer human evidence supporting linkages of emotions and related regulatory processes with the gut microbiome. These findings highlight the critical importance of incorporating the human gut microbiome in our understanding of emotion-related factors and their associations with physical health.
Peptide and protein alphavirus antigens for broad spectrum vaccine design
Authors: Schein Catherine H. , Rafael Grace , Baker Wendy S. , Anaya Elizabeth S. , Schmidt Jurgen G. , Weaver Scott C. , Negi Surendra , Braun Werner 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVaccines based on proteins and peptides may be safer and more broad-spectrum than other approaches Physicochemical property consensus (PCPcon) alphavirus antigens from the B-domain of the E2 envelope protein were designed and synthesized recombinantly. Those based on individual species (eastern or Venezuelan equine encephalitis (EEEVcon, VEEVcon), or chikungunya (CHIKVcon) viruses generated species-specific antibodies. Peptides designed to surface exposed areas of the E2-A-domain were added to the inocula to provide neutralizing antibodies against CHIKV. EVCcon, based on the three different alphavirus species, combined with E2-A-domain peptides from AllAV, a PCPcon of 24 diverse alphavirus, generated broad spectrum antibodies. The abs in the sera bound and neutralized diverse alphaviruses with less than 35% amino acid identity to each other. These included VEEV and its relative Mucambo virus, EEEV and the related Madariaga virus, and CHIKV strain 181/25. Further understanding of the role of coordinated mutations in the envelope proteins may yield a single, protein and peptide vaccine against all alphaviruses.
CRISPR base editing of cis-regulatory elements enables target gene perturbations
Authors: Lim Colin K.W. , McCallister Tristan X. , Saporito-Magriña Christian , McPheron Garrett D. , Krishnan Ramya , Zeballos C M. Alejandra , Powell Jackson E. , Clark Lindsay V. , Perez-Pinera Pablo , Gaj Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTCRISPR technology has demonstrated broad utility for controlling target gene expression; however, there remains a need for strategies capable of modulating expression via the precise editing of non-coding regulatory elements. Here we demonstrate that CRISPR base editors, a class of gene-modifying proteins capable of creating single-base substitutions in DNA, can be used to perturb gene expression via their targeted mutagenesis of cis-acting sequences. Using the promoter region of the human huntingtin (HTT) gene as an initial target, we show that editing of the binding site for the transcription factor NF-κB led to a marked reduction in HTT gene expression in base-edited cell populations. We found that these gene perturbations were persistent and specific, as a transcriptome-wide RNA analysis revealed minimal off-target effects resulting from the action of the base editor protein. We further demonstrate that this base-editing platform could influence gene expression in vivo as its delivery to a mouse model of Huntington’s disease led to a potent decrease in HTT mRNA in striatal neurons. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of this concept, we target the amyloid precursor protein, showing that multiplex editing of its promoter region significantly perturbed its expression. These findings demonstrate the potential for base editors to regulate target gene expression.
ZNF692 organizes a hub for ribosome maturation enhancing translation in rapidly proliferating cells
Authors: Lafita-Navarro M.Carmen , Hao Yi-Heng , Jiang Chunhui , Brown Isabella N. , Jang Seoyeon , Venkateswaran Niranjan , Maurais Elizabeth , Stachera Weronika , Chang Tsung-Cheng , Mundy Dorothy , Han Jungsoo , Tran Vanna M. , Mettlen Marcel , Woodruff Jeffrey B. , Mendell Joshua T. , Grishin Nick V , Kinch Lisa , Buszczak Michael , Conacci-Sorrell Maralice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapidly proliferating cells produce more ribosomes to translate sufficient proteins for cell growth. One of the first and rate limiting steps in translation initiation is the interaction of the small ribosomal subunit with mRNAs. Therefore, effective small ribosomal subunit biogenesis is critical for translation initiation efficiency. Here we report the identification of the zinc finger protein 692 (ZNF692), a MYC-induced nucleolar scaffold that coordinates the final steps in the biogenesis of the small 40S ribosome. ZNF692 forms a complex with rRNA, the 90S processome and the nucleolar exosome in the granular component of the nucleolus creating a hub specialized in the final steps of 18S processing and small ribosomal subunit maturation. Cancer cells are more reliant on ZNF692 for increased translation than normal cells. We propose that MYC increases translation efficiency by promoting the expression of ZNF692, adjusting the translation rate to the increase in mRNA transcription induced by MYC.
Profit- and loss-sharing partnership: the case of the two-tier mudharaba in Islamic banking
Authors: Ben Amar Amine , O. El Alaoui AbdelKader 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the profit-sharing structure at equilibrium of the two-tier mudharaba contract in a pure Islamic banking system and then in a dual banking system.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper aims to better understand the profit-sharing structure at the equilibrium of the two-tier mudharaba. It first assumes a purely Islamic banking system and then introduces a risk-free asset to simulate trade-off opportunities in a dual banking system.

Findings
First, by using a model inspired from a neoclassical framework and assuming that the Islamic banks are the only channel for financing the economy, the results suggest that the profit-sharing structure built up by the three parties, the bank, the depositor and the entrepreneur, at the time of signing the Mudharaba contract has to be drawn up in the way that, at the ex post, the remuneration of each necessary production factor, capital and labor, should equal its marginal productivity. Second, the authors relax the hypothesis of a purely Islamic financial system and introduced a risk-free asset in favor of the depositor. Thereby, the authors are able to apprehend the financial balance of the two-tier mudharaba contract by simulating the trade-offs that can occur in a dual banking system. The findings suggest that the profit-sharing structure is not the same whether we are at the level of bank assets (bank–entrepreneur relationship) or liabilities (bank–depositor relationship). For the asset side, an increase (respectively decrease) in the expected profit of the mudharaba implies a decrease (respectively increase) in the share of the bank, whereas an increase (respectively decrease) in the return of the risk-free asset and/or the risk underlying the project implies an increase (respectively decrease) of the bank’s share in the expected profit.

Originality/value
Theoretical work that has studied the determinants of the ratio of profit sharing between capitalists and entrepreneurs in the context of mudharaba has omitted that this contract should be assessed at both asset and liability sides of the bank. To overcome this theoretical gap, this paper aims to better understand the structure of profit sharing at the equilibrium of the two-tier mudharaba, while taking into account the contractual specificities between the different stakeholders.
Account(share)ability through social media during the COVID-19 emergency: the case of universities
Authors: Masiero Eleonora , Leoni Giulia , Bagnoli Carlo 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper aims at exploring how and to what extent universities enlisted Facebook, a social media platform, in the discharging and shaping of their accountability during the COVID-19 emergency.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on the literature on accountability in the virtual world and crises, a netnographic analysis of the Facebook postings by a sample of Italian universities is performed to identify and interpret the accountability discharged via social media platforms by universities during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings
Universities used social media in a range of modes, from conveying simple instructions to rendering traditional accountability for their conduct during the crisis. However, in various Facebook postings, they give voice to various stakeholders’ thoughts and experiences, thereby completely reversing the traditional accountability relationship and making the various stakeholders feel included in the university community.

Practical implications
Social media can constitute a useful tool for organizations willing to deploy different modes of accountabilities, according to what is required by the specific situation. In the authors’ case, social media provided a forum for account-sharing during a critical situation that was common to both the account giver and the recipient.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the use of social media by universities for accountability purposes and to reveal their possibilities in supporting more ethical forms of accountability.
The potential of alternative investments as an asset class: a thematic and bibliometric review
Authors: Mundi Hardeep Singh , Kumar Deepak 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to review, systematize and integrate existing research on alternative investments. This study conducts performance analysis comprising production timeline, country-wise contributions, analysis of sources, affiliations, the geography of authors and citations of studies on alternative investments.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a thematic and bibliometric analysis methodology on 570 papers identified from mainstream literature on alternative investments. This study provides an analysis of science mapping, including co-citation analysis, bibliometric coupling, word analysis and trending topics on alternative investments. In addition, the study presents thematic analysis by classifying existing studies into nine themes.

Findings
Alternative investments provide diversification benefits and play a critical role in portfolio construction, and the research on alternative investments has gained momentum in recent times. This study finds that hedge funds, private equity, artwork, collectibles, commodities, fine wine and venture capital have remained prominent themes in the field. Investments in cryptocurrencies are an emerging area in the research on alternative investments.

Research limitations/implications
This study limits itself to the papers published in the area of finance and economics listed on the Scopus database.

Originality/value
This study provides quantitative bibliometric analysis and thematic analysis of the extant literature on alternative investments and identifies the areas that could be developed to advance research on alternative investments.
The distribution of nafs in modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic: a corpus-based study
Authors: Mejri Amani 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis corpus-based study provides a descriptive account of the distribution of the polysemous noun nafs in two Arabic varieties, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Classical Arabic (CA). The research objective is to survey the use of nafs as a reflexive marker in local binding domains and as a self-intensifier in NP-adjoined positions.Design/methodology/approachThe consulted corpora are Timespamped JSI Web corpus for MSA and Quran corpus for CA. While attending to corpora size differences, MSA and CA exhibit a pattern of difference and similarity in nafs diffusion.FindingsIn the modern variety, nafs is pervasively used as reflexive marker in canonical binding domains, along with a less frequent, yet notable, intensifier user, and these uses are partially and cautiously attributed to the specific genre in which they occur. In CA, nafs is mainly recurrent as a polysemous noun, along with extensive use as a reflexive marker in local binding settings. As an intensifier, nafs is totally non-existent in the CA corpus, in the same way as it is in absentia in VP-constituent extraction in MSA.Originality/valueExamining whether nafs, as a reflexive marker, deviates from canonical binding in Arabic the way English reflexive pronouns do. Building a general account of this distribution is relevant in understanding the explicit (syntactic) and implicit (discourse-based) dimensions of reflexive marker and self-intensifier processing and interpretation in Arabic as a first and second language.
Risk of tuberculosis infection and serial changes in interferon‐gamma release assays in elderly patients with psoriasis receiving biologic therapy
Authors: Koo Taehan , Baek Gayun , Jue Mihn‐Sook 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElderly patients constitute a significant proportion of patients with psoriasis. Nonetheless, treatment for older patients is more challenging than that for younger ones. Biologic agents are preferable to other systemic drugs for elderly patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis owing to their high efficacy and favorable tolerability. However, there are limited data on tuberculosis infection risk in elderly patients with psoriasis receiving biologic therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, assess the serial interferon‐gamma release assay results, and evaluate treatment compliance and adverse effects of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in elderly patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy. In this single‐center retrospective study, medical charts of elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) with psoriasis who were treated with a biologic agent (guselkumab, adalimumab, secukinumab, or ustekinumab) between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. We analyzed the results of chest X‐rays and those of whole‐blood interferon‐gamma release assays performed for latent tuberculosis infection screening at baseline (IGRA0) and subsequently at follow‐up after initiating biologic therapy (IGRA1). In total, 90 patients underwent IGRA0; 46 (51.11%) of them had latent tuberculosis infection before starting biologic therapy. Overall, four and two patients experienced seroconversion and active tuberculosis during biologic therapy, respectively. The interferon‐gamma release assay reversion rate was 29.1%, and the interferon‐gamma level significantly decreased in all patients after latent tuberculosis infection treatment (p = 0.004). Latent tuberculosis infection treatment was well tolerated in elderly patients (completion rate, 100%). The risk of latent tuberculosis infection in elderly patients with psoriasis on biologic therapy was comparable to that previously reported for all age groups. However, the active tuberculosis rate was relatively higher.
Algorithms identifying low‐acuity emergency department visits: A review and validation study
Authors: Chen Angela T. , Muralidharan Madhavi , Friedman Ari B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize and validate the landscape of algorithms that use International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes to identify low‐acuity emergency department (ED) visits.Data SourcesPublicly available ED data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS).Study DesignWe systematically searched for studies that specify algorithms consisting of ICD codes that identify preventable or low‐acuity ED visits. We classified ED visits in NHAMCS according to these algorithms and compared agreements using the Jaccard index. We then evaluated the performance of each algorithm using positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity, with the reference group specified using low‐acuity composite (LAC) criteria consisting of both triage and clinical components. In sensitivity analyses, we repeated our primary analysis using only triage or only clinical criteria for reference.Data CollectionWe used the 2011–2017 NHAMCS data, totaling 163,576 observations before survey weighting and after dropping observations missing a primary diagnosis. We translated ICD‐9 codes (years 2011–2015) to ICD‐10 using a standard crosswalk.Principal FindingsWe identified 15 papers with an original list of ICD codes used to identify preventable or low‐acuity ED presentations. These papers were published between 1992 and 2020, cited an average of 310 (SD 360) times, and included 968 (SD 1175) codes. Pairwise Jaccard similarity indices (0 = no overlap, 1 = perfect congruence) ranged from 0.01 to 0.82, with mean 0.20 (SD 0.13). When validated against the LAC reference group, the algorithms had an average PPV of 0.308 (95% CI [0.253, 0.364]) and sensitivity of 0.183 (95% CI [0.111, 0.256]). Overall, 2.1% of visits identified as low acuity by the algorithms died prehospital or in the ED, or needed surgery, critical care, or cardiac catheterization.ConclusionsExisting algorithms that identify low‐acuity ED visits lack congruence and are imperfect predictors of visit acuity.