OR13-5 Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP4) Inhibits Adrenal Cell Cortisol Synthesis by Blocking CYP17A1 and CYP11B1 Expression.
Authors: Garber Scott , Rainey William E , Rege Juilee , van Rooyen Desmaré , Lopez Antoine-Guy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Cytochrome P450c17 (17α-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP17A1) and cytochrome P450c11 (11β-hydroxylase, encoded by CYP11B1) are essential for production of adrenal cortisol. The expression of CYP17A1 and CYP11B1 in adrenocortical cells is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) through the cAMP and protein kinase A signal transduction pathway. Several growth factors can act as autocrine/paracrine regulators for modulating the steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex. Among these factors, bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4), a member of the superfamily of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) has been previously reported to have an inhibitory effect on adrenal cell CYP17A1 expression and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) production [1]. The role of BMP4 within the adrenal and its mechanisms regulating steroidogenesis are still unclear. In the present study, we examined human adrenal expression of BMP4 and its chronic effects on the H295R adrenal cell line.

Objective
To define the autocrine/paracrine role of BMP4 in adrenocortical zonation and adrenal steroidogenesis.

Methods
BMP4 expression in normal human adrenal glands was studied using microarray analysis with laser-captured adrenal capsule and cortical zones. Adrenal BMP4 protein expression was examined following immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against human BMP4. In vitro studies were performed using H295R and human adrenal cells treated with or without ACTH (10nM), forskolin (10 µM) and BMP4 (50 ng/mL). The experimental medium was collected every 24 h and analyzed for cortisol. Experiments were terminated at 96 h followed by isolation of RNA and qPCR analysis for PPIA (normalization transcript), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CYP11A1), CYP17A1 and CYP11B1.

Results
Microarray analysis of adrenal zone RNA demonstrated a BMP4 expression gradient with zona glomerulosa (ZG) expressing 3 and 11-fold higher levels than the zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR), respectively. IHC confirmed that BMP4 expression was highest in the ZG and the outer ZF. Administration of BMP4 to cultures of H295R cells caused a significant decrease in basal and forskolin-stimulated cortisol production at 48 h. By 96 h, BMP4 inhibited forskolin-stimulated cortisol by 60%. Cortisol inhibition occurred in conjunction with an inhibition in forskolin-stimulated CYP17A1 (↓75%) and CYP11B1 (↓65%). However, CYP11A1 expression was unaffected. In primary cultures of human adrenal cells BMP4 inhibited the ability of ACTH to increase cortisol production (↓75%), as well as CYP11B1(↓65%) and CYP17A1 (↓57%) expression.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that the human adrenal has outer cortex localized expression of BMP4 that could play a paracrine/autocrine role in zone-specific production of aldosterone vs. cortisol through BMP4 selective inhibition of CYP17A1 and CYP11B1. Bibliography: 1. Rege J, Nishimoto HK, Nishimoto K, Rodgers RJ, Auchus RJ, Rainey WE. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP4): A Paracrine Regulator of Human Adrenal C19 Steroid Synthesis. Endocrinology 2015; 156: 2530–2540.
Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:00 p.m. - 12:15 p.m.