bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MoveAhead: lessons in pragmatism for an idealistic social-entrepreneur
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Sambhavi , Best Simon , Maggio Evelyn 
Published: February 2022

Theoretical basis
There is little published information available in the area of youth programs and social entrepreneurship in underrepresented communities. However, there are many idealistic entrepreneurs in the community; the case describes the experience of one such individual. Case analysis and the Instructor’s Manual are based on standard theories and techniques in organizational environmental and strategy analysis, as well as information and approaches regarding nonprofit functioning.

Research methodology
This case was prepared from primary sources, based on interviews with the founder. The name of the organization was disguised but the location and the founder’s name were not.

Case overview/synopsis
Growing up in a rough neighborhood, Darnell found refuge in an after-school program, which he credited for several positive values. As an adult, he felt a strong desire to give back to the community he had grown up, and still lived in. Thus, was launched MoveAhead, a fitness-based after-school program similar to the one he had participated in. However, as was common for many social entrepreneurs, Darnell struggled to overcome severe lack of capital and to deal with operational issues. Now, MoveAhead had reached a critical and existentially important point, when a strategic decision had to be made.

Complexity academic level
This is a decision case. It discusses the difficulties faced by a social entrepreneur who had a strong drive and conviction but little capital. The case describes a strategic turning point for one such organization. It can be used in business and management courses at the undergraduate level. It would also be relevant to a course on (social) entrepreneurship. The level and analysis required of students and discussion questions used can be adjusted depending on whether the course is introductory or more advanced, such as strategy.
Keeping Fit in Later Medieval England: Exercise for Man and Beast
Authors: Rawcliffe Carole 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article begins by exploring ideas about physical exercise as outlined in the advice literature that circulated widely in late medieval and early sixteenth‐century England. Whereas other aspects of these popular guides to health have attracted considerable interest on the part of medical and cultural historians, recommendations about exercise have been largely neglected. Yet it was deemed essential for both physical and mental wellbeing. Its principal function was to augment and redistribute the body's innate heat, which functioned as ‘Nature's primary instrument’, while improving digestion and the elimination of waste, encouraging restorative sleep, and combatting stress. These ideas spread rapidly throughout society, being harnessed to suit the practical needs of many classes of people, especially after the Black Death when keeping fit became a priority. Not even animals could escape current assumptions about the importance of remaining active, while political theorists emphasised the need to purge idle and unproductive elements from the communal body.
Obstetric capacity strengthening in Ghana results in wide geographic distribution and retention of certified Obstetrician/Gynaecologists: A quantitative analysis
Authors: Kekulawala Melani , Samba Ali , Braunschweig Yael , Plange‐Rhule Jacob , Turpin Cornelius , Johnson Timothy R. B. , Anderson Frank W. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the cumulative retention of Obstetricians/Gynaecologists (Ob/Gyns) since the inception of the Ghana postgraduate Ob/Gyn programmes, to determine the demographic and practice characteristics of all Ob/Gyns who have been trained, and to compare the geographic distribution of Ob/Gyns throughout Ghana between 2010, when a previous study was conducted, and the current practice locations of all graduates in 2017.DesignCross‐sectional, quantitative investigation.SettingFieldwork for this study was conducted in Ghana between 21 June 2017 and 20 August 2017.MethodsA roster of certified Ob/Gyns, year certified and email contact information was obtained from the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, a roster of practice locations was obtained from Ghana Medical Board.Main outcome measuresRetention of Ob/Gyns, geographic distribution of providers and comparison of geographic spread between 2010 and 2017 practice locations.ResultsSignificant geographic spread and increase in in‐country medical programmes have occurred over the 7‐year period. In recent years, Ob/Gyn certifications through the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons have significantly increased.ConclusionThe establishment of the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons created a national certification opportunity that made Ob/Gyn certification more accessible. This provides a cadre of certified Ob/Gyns that can be trained and retained in low‐income settings, and allows for long‐term commitment in multiple relevant sectors that may serve to establish a comprehensive obstetric and gynaecology capacity beyond urban centres.
Risk Assessment of the Water Resources Carrying Capacity: A Case Study in North China
Authors: Han Yan , Zhang Shifeng , Lv Aifeng , Zeng Huiping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvaluating the water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) is the prerequisite and foundation for the planning and management of water resources. In this paper, according to risk theory, a framework for the risk assessment of WRCC was proposed based on the fragility of damage‐affected bodies and the damage posed by disaster‐inducing factors. Then, based on water quantity, water quality, water area, and water flow, a fragility index system was constructed from the water resources, economy, and society category. Additionally, the damage was analyzed in terms of climate change, urbanization, and industrialization. Finally, a model for the risk assessment of the WRCC was established by combining the fragility of the water resources carrying system with the compound damage posed by climate change, urbanization, and industrialization. The developed model was then applied to assess the risk of the WRCC in North China in 2017. The results indicate that the fragility of the WRCC was the highest in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, and the compound damage showed an increasing trend from the southeast to the northwest in North China. Meanwhile, the risk of the WRCC decreased from the southeast to the northwest, the highest risk was observed in Hebei Province, and the lowest risk was observed in Inner Mongolia. This research provides an important technical guideline for the sustainable utilization of water resources and the coordinated development of the economy and society.
Saving the face of the Arabah
Authors: KAMINER MATAN 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTSince the 1990s, Israeli agricultural settlements in the remote Central Arabah region have relied heavily on the cheap labor power of Thai migrant workers. Yet the agrarian settler‐colonial movement to which these settlers belong has historically rejected such “foreign labor” as a moral threat to the collective. Thai employees are thus enjoined not only to plant and pick vegetables in sweltering greenhouses, but also to enlist their own cultural resources to perform the tactful, implicit work of maintaining the settlement's public “face” as a pioneering, self‐supported Jewish community. The result, both at work and in public spaces, is a fragile, asymmetrical cultural intimacy, subtended by a convenient one‐sided misunderstanding which reflects the racial‐capitalist world‐system in which it is embedded. [agriculture,cultural intimacy,colonialism,community,facework,labor,migration,Thailand,Israel]
Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in pig‐hunting dogs from north Queensland, Australia
Authors: Orr B , Malik R , Westman ME , Norris JM 
Published: February 2022

The causative agent of Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, is endemic to Queensland and is one of the most important notifiable zoonotic diseases in Australia. The reservoir species for C. burnetii are classically ruminants, including sheep, cattle and goats. There is increasing evidence of C. burnetii exposure in dogs across eastern and central Australia. The present study aimed to determine if pig‐hunting dogs above the Tropic of Capricorn in Queensland had similar rates of C. burnetii exposure to previous serosurveys of companion dogs in rural north‐west New South Wales. A total of 104 pig‐hunting dogs had serum IgG antibody titres to phase I and phase 2 C. burnetii determined using an indirect immunofluorescence assay test. Almost one in five dogs (18.3%; 19/104; 95% confidence interval 9.6%–35.5%) were seropositive to C. burnetii, with neutered dogs more likely to test positive compared to entire dogs (P = 0.0497). Seropositivity of the sampled pig‐hunting dogs was one of the highest recorded in Australia. Thirty‐nine owners of the pig‐hunting dogs completed a survey, revealing 12.8% (5/39) had been vaccinated against Q fever and 90% (35/39) were aware that both feral pigs and dogs could potentially be sources of C. burnetii. Our findings indicate that pig hunters should be aware of the risk of exposure to Q fever during hunts and the sentinel role their dogs may play in C. burnetii exposure.
Functional extracellular matrix hydrogel modified with MSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles for chronic wound healing
Authors: Ma Shiqing , Hu Han , Wu Jinzhe , Li Xuewen , Ma Xinying , Zhao Zhezhe , Liu Zihao , Wu Chenxuan , Zhao Bo , Wang Yonglan , Jing Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesDiabetic wound healing remains a global challenge in the clinic and in research. However, the current medical dressings are difficult to meet the demands. The primary goal of this study was to fabricate a functional hydrogel wound dressing that can provide an appropriate microenvironment and supplementation with growth factors to promote skin regeneration and functional restoration in diabetic wounds.Materials and MethodsSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were bound to the porcine small intestinal submucosa‐based hydrogel material through peptides (SC‐Ps‐sEVs) to increase the content and achieve a sustained release. NIH3T3 cell was used to evaluate the biocompatibility and the promoting proliferation, migration and adhesion abilities of the SC‐Ps‐sEVs. EA.hy926 cell was used to evaluate the stimulating angiogenesis of SC‐Ps‐sEVs. The diabetic wound model was used to investigate the function/role of SC‐Ps‐sEVs hydrogel in promoting wound healing.ResultsA functional hydrogel wound dressing with good mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility and superior stimulating angiogenesis capacity was designed and facilely fabricated, which could effectively enable full‐thickness skin wounds healing in diabetic rat model.ConclusionsThis work led to the development of SIS, which shows an unprecedented combination of mechanical, biological and wound healing properties. This functional hydrogel wound dressing may find broad utility in the field of regenerative medicine and may be similarly useful in the treatment of wounds in epithelial tissues, such as the intestine, lung and liver.
Phase I and scintigraphy studies to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and lung deposition of inhaled GDC‐0214 in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zhu Rui , Chen Hubert , Galanter Joshua , She Gaohong , Cai Fang , Durk Matthew R. , Zou Yixuan , Chen Liuxi , Kenny Jane R. , Vadhavkar Shweta , Warren Simon , Taylor Glyn , Hwang Olivia , Eliahu Avi , Wynne Chris , Owen Ryan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSeveral inflammatory cytokines that promote inflammation and pathogenesis in asthma signal through the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) pathway. This phase I, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of single and multiple ascending doses up to 15 mg twice daily for 14 days of a JAK1 inhibitor, GDC‐0214, in healthy volunteers (HVs; n = 66). Doses were administered with a dry powder, capsule‐based inhaler. An accompanying open‐label gamma scintigraphy study in HVs examined the lung deposition of a single dose of inhaled Technetium‐99m (99mTc)‐radiolabeled GDC‐0214. GDC‐0214 plasma concentrations were linear and approximately dose‐proportional after both single and multiple doses. Peak plasma concentrations occurred at 15–30 min after dosing. The mean apparent elimination half‐life ranged from 32 to 56 h across all single and multiple dose cohorts. After single and multiple doses, all adverse events were mild or moderate, and none led to treatment withdrawal. There was no clear evidence of systemic toxicity due to JAK1 inhibition, and systemic exposure was low, with plasma concentrations at least 15‐fold less than the plasma protein binding‐corrected IC50 of JAK1 at the highest dose. Scintigraphy showed that approximately 50% of the emitted dose of radiolabeled GDC‐0214 was deposited in the lungs and was distributed well to the peripheral airways. 99mTc‐radiolabeled GDC‐0214 (1 mg) exhibited a mean plasma Cmax similar to that observed in phase I at the same dose level. Overall, inhaled GDC‐0214 exhibited pharmacokinetic properties favorable for inhaled administration.
In vitro activities of N-acetyl cysteine and levofloxacin as a catheter lock therapy against catheter-associated infections
Authors: Mansouri M. David , Ramanthan Venkat , Mansouri Dena L. , Hull Richard A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Aims
Since management of catheter-associated infections, which are generally biofilm-based, is attempted in certain patients such as older and frail patients by using a catheter lock solution (CLS), we examined the combination of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antibiofilm agent, and levofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, for this purpose.

Methods and Results
Intravascular catheters were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, levofloxacin-sensitive/methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus, levofloxacin-resistant/methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and treated with a CLS containing normal saline, NAC, levofloxacin or NAC plus levofloxacin (NACLEV) and then cultured to assess their antimicrobial activities. We also examined antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of each CLS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanical integrity of catheters exposed to CLS. Treatment of colonized catheters with NACLEV-CLS significantly reduced colonization (p &lt; 0.005) against all pathogens. SEM images also indicate reduction in colonization with NACLEV-CLS with considerable reduction in both visible bacteria and the associated biofilm. Mean tensile strength of catheters exposed to CLS was not significantly different compared to controls (p &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
These in vitro results suggest that NACLEV-CLS can significantly reduce all bacterial colonization and potentially help salvage infected catheters without affecting the catheter’s mechanical integrity.

Significance and Impact of Study
This study presents a novel CLS with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against catheter-associated infections, particularly in long-term catheters.
Evaluation of the association between platelet tests and thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels in patients with vitiligo
Authors: Aksoy Saraç Gülhan , İbiş Saadet , Akdağ Turan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveVitiligo is a common dermatological disease of unknown cause and progressing with depigmentation and affects approximately 1% of the world population. In the study, we aimed to compare plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet (PLT), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) values in vitiligo patients.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the medical data of 100 patients who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between January 2020 and December 2021 with a diagnosis of vitiligo. The control group was retrospectively constituted from medical records of 90 healthy individuals. PCT, MPV, PLT, and TSH levels of both groups were compared statistically.ResultsA total of 190 participants (100 vitiligo patients and 90 healthy volunteers) were included in the study. The mean age of the patient group was 38.62 ± 1.62, while the mean age of the control group was 41.52 ± 1.54. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of age and gender. It was found that the mean MPV value in the patient group was lower than the control group (p = 0.00). PLT and PCT values were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.00, p = 0.01, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of TSH (p > 0.05). A negative correlation between MPV and PLT values in the patient group (r = −0.218, p = 0.029), and a negative correlation between MPV and TSH (r = −0.218, p = 0.029), (−0.230, p = 0.021).ConclusionIn the study, a comparison of the PCT, MPV, and PLT levels showed a difference between both groups, but no differences in TSH levels. To clarify these results, comprehensive studies with more samples are needed.
Psychiatric injury and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: FANNING JOHN 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rules by which a claimant establishes whether a defendant owed her/him a duty of care vary depending on the type of injury that she/he has suffered. In cases involving physical injuries, the rules are relatively straightforward; in psychiatric injury cases, the claimant must go to greater lengths to establish a duty. It is therefore harder for claimants with psychiatric injuries to recover damages from the careless defendants who wronged them. This discriminatory effect has long been a subject of criticism. This article employs the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) to add another voice to the critical chorus. The CRPD, which the United Kingdom has ratified, prohibits discrimination on the basis of ‘psychosocial disability’ – that is, mental impairment. Since the special rules are engaged by, and applicable to, such disabilities, the law of negligence conflicts with the CRPD. The article concludes that the CRPD strengthens the case for reform.
Kadijustiz in the ecclesiastical courts: Naming, blaming, reclaiming
Authors: Shahar Ido , Yefet Karin Carmit 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe article analyzes Israel's ecclesiastical court system through the prism of Weberian theory to both empirical and theoretical ends. On the empirical level, it aims to illuminate a grossly understudied socio-legal arena—the communal Christian courts in the Middle-East. On the theoretical level, it seeks to reclaim the Weberian concept of kadijustiz, which refers to “formally irrational” legal systems. In recent decades, scholars have engaged in a process of “blaming” that discredited the conceptualization of Islamic law as kadijustiz and resulted in the concept's erasure from socio-legal theory. After renaming it to the more neutral and non-Orientalist richterjustiz, we employ this new-old concept to analyze Israel's ecclesiastical courts and demonstrate its theoretical and analytical merits. The article concludes with several theoretical propositions, which draw on the empirical case study and contribute to the refinement of Weberian theory.
Decision-making in an inquisitorial system: Lessons from Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila , A. Diniz Alexandre M. , Bastos Lages Lívia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper seeks to understand how decision-making works at the first appearance hearings (Custody Hearings) in Brazil, an initiative that intends to make the Brazilian criminal justice system more accusatorial. We used primary data gathered in the hearings between April and December 2018 in nine Brazilian states. Binary logistic regression models were applied to identify the variables that affect the odds ratios of pretrial detention. Results indicated a high level of homology between the prosecutors' requests and the judges' decisions, even when controlling for the characteristics of offense and offender, which precludes any direct openness to the defense. Decision-making in the Custody Hearing reinforces the inquisitorial characteristics and the institutional features of the Brazilian Criminal Justice System, suggesting that the reforms carried out over the last years were not able to change how actors operate on a daily basis.
Mucus from the Pulmonate Sea Slug Onchidium typhae: Biochemical composition and ecological implications for the intertidal community
Authors: Techawongstien Kannapoj , Lirdwitayaprasit Thaithaworn , Pairohakul Supanut 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany marine organisms, especially molluscs, produce mucus, which can be used in several physiological processes, such as locomotion and defence. In addition to utilization for themselves, mollusc mucus may influence intertidal community dynamics. Therefore, the biochemical composition of Onchidium typhae Buchannan, 1800 mucus was investigated. The effects of mucus on the microphytobenthos growth rate, representing the ecological functions of the mucus, were also tested. The results showed that the mucus was mainly composed of water (82.5%), and a large proportion of the organic content in mucus consisted of proteins (40%), followed by carbohydrates (13.33%) and lipids (0.19%). The effects of mucus on microphytobenthos growth were conditional and genus‐specific. Growth of Navicular sp. and Nitzschia sp. significantly responded to different concentrations and incubation times of the slug mucus. Fresh and concentrated mucus inhibited the growth of both species; low mucus concentration and longer incubation time showed a significant increase in the growth rates of both species. However, no effect of mucus on the Thalassiosira sp. growth rate was observed. These effects of mucus on diatom growth are discussed. Moreover, our findings suggested that the intertidal slug O. typhae may act as an intertidal ecosystem engineer, which can facilitate and influence benthic phytoplankton community dynamics.