bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial agents’ explainability to support trust: considerations on timing and context
Authors: Papagni Guglielmo , de Pagter Jesse , Zafari Setareh , Filzmoser Michael , Koeszegi Sabine T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStrategies for improving the explainability of artificial agents are a key approach to support the understandability of artificial agents’ decision-making processes and their trustworthiness. However, since explanations are not inclined to standardization, finding solutions that fit the algorithmic-based decision-making processes of artificial agents poses a compelling challenge. This paper addresses the concept of trust in relation to complementary aspects that play a role in interpersonal and human–agent relationships, such as users’ confidence and their perception of artificial agents’ reliability. Particularly, this paper focuses on non-expert users’ perspectives, since users with little technical knowledge are likely to benefit the most from “post-hoc”, everyday explanations. Drawing upon the explainable AI and social sciences literature, this paper investigates how artificial agent’s explainability and trust are interrelated at different stages of an interaction. Specifically, the possibility of implementing explainability as a trust building, trust maintenance and restoration strategy is investigated. To this extent, the paper identifies and discusses the intrinsic limits and fundamental features of explanations, such as structural qualities and communication strategies. Accordingly, this paper contributes to the debate by providing recommendations on how to maximize the effectiveness of explanations for supporting non-expert users’ understanding and trust.
Transient global amnesia: 7 Tesla MRI reveals more hippocampal lesions with diffusion restriction compared to 1.5 and 3 Tesla MRI
Authors: Unsgård Runa Geirmundsdatter , Doan Thanh P. , Nordlid Knut Kristian , Kvistad Kjell Arne , Goa Pål Erik , Berntsen Erik Magnus 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the ability of 7 T MRI to detect hippocampal DWI lesions in the acute phase of TGA compared to 1.5 T/3 T MRI.

Methods
Patients with a clinical diagnosis consistent with TGA and a 1.5/3 T MRI underwent an additional 7 T MRI when the 7 T system was available for clinical use, thus serving as their own controls.

Results
Thirteen TGA patients with a median age of 68.5 years (range 46–77 years) were included and imaged at 1.5/3 T (median 17 h after onset of symptoms, range 3–23 h) and 7 T (median 23 h after onset, range 15–46 h). The 7 T MRIs were performed a median of 15 h after the 1.5/3 T MRIs (range 1–28 h). At 1.5/3 T, six patients (46%) were found to have at least one hippocampal DWI-lesions supporting the TGA diagnosis, which increased to 11 patients (85%) when examined at 7 T (p = 0.03). At 1.5/3 T, nine hippocampal DWI lesions were detected, which increased to 19 at 7 T, giving an increased detection rate of 111% (p = 0.002). Both neuroradiologists found the hippocampal DWI lesions at 7 T to have higher conspicuity and be easier to categorize as true findings compared to 1.5/3 T.

Conclusion
Seven-Tesla MRI showed both a statistically significant increase in the total number of detected hippocampal DWI lesions and the proportion of patients with at least one hippocampal DWI lesion supporting the TGA diagnosis compared to 1.5/3 T. Clinical use of 7 T will increase the number of patients having their TGA diagnosis supported by MRI, which can be especially useful in patients with negative 1.5/3 T MRI and low clinical certainty.
Accelerated strain construction and characterization of C. glutamicum protein secretion by laboratory automation
Authors: Müller Carolin , Bakkes Patrick J. , Lenz Patrick , Waffenschmidt Vera , Helleckes Laura M. , Jaeger Karl-Erich , Wiechert Wolfgang , Knapp Andreas , Freudl Roland , Oldiges Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Secretion of bacterial proteins into the culture medium simplifies downstream processing by avoiding cell disruption for target protein purification. However, a suitable signal peptide for efficient secretion needs to be identified, and currently, there are no tools available to predict optimal combinations of signal peptides and target proteins. The selection of such a combination is influenced by several factors, including protein biosynthesis efficiency and cultivation conditions, which both can have a significant impact on secretion performance. As a result, a large number of combinations must be tested. Therefore, we have developed automated workflows allowing for targeted strain construction and secretion screening using two platforms. Key advantages of this experimental setup include lowered hands-on time and increased throughput. In this study, the automated workflows were established for the heterologous production of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi cutinase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. The target protein was monitored in culture supernatants via enzymatic activity and split GFP assay. Varying spacer lengths between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the start codon of Bacillus subtilis signal peptides were tested. Consistent with previous work on the secretory cutinase production in B. subtilis, a ribosome binding site with extended spacer length to up to 12 nt, which likely slows down translation initiation, does not necessarily lead to poorer cutinase secretion by C. glutamicum. The best performing signal peptides for cutinase secretion with a standard spacer length were identified in a signal peptide screening. Additional insights into the secretion process were gained by monitoring secretion stress using the C. glutamicum K9 biosensor strain.

Key points
• Automated workflows for strain construction and screening of protein secretion
• Comparison of spacer, signal peptide, and host combinations for cutinase secretion
• Signal peptide screening for secretion by C. glutamicum using the split GFP assay
Survival outcome assessment for triple-negative breast cancer: a nomogram analysis based on integrated clinicopathological, sonographic, and mammographic characteristics
Authors: Sheng Dan-li , Shen Xi-gang , Shi Zhao-ting , Chang Cai , Li Jia-wei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to incorporate clinicopathological, sonographic, and mammographic characteristics to construct and validate a nomogram model for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods
Patients diagnosed with TNBC at our institution between 2011 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. A nomogram model was generated based on clinicopathological, sonographic, and mammographic variables that were associated with 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis in the training set. The nomogram model was validated according to the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves in the validation set.

Results
A total of 636 TNBC patients were enrolled and divided into training cohort (n = 446) and validation cohort (n = 190). Clinical factors including tumor size > 2 cm, axillary dissection, presence of LVI, and sonographic features such as angular/spiculated margins, posterior acoustic shadows, and presence of suspicious lymph nodes on preoperative US showed a tendency towards worse DFS. The multivariate analysis showed that no adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 6.7, 95% CI: 2.6, 17.5, p < 0.0005), higher axillary tumor burden (HR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.0, 7.1, p = 0.045), and ≥ 3 malignant features on ultrasound (HR = 2.4, CI: 1.1, 5.0, p = 0.021) were identified as independent prognostic factors associated with poorer DFS outcomes. In the nomogram, the C-index was 0.693 for the training cohort and 0.694 for the validation cohort. The calibration plots also exhibited excellent consistency between the nomogram-predicted and actual survival probabilities in both the training and validation cohorts.

Conclusions
Clinical variables and sonographic features were correlated with the prognosis of TNBCs. The nomogram model based on three variables including no adjuvant chemotherapy, higher axillary tumor load, and more malignant sonographic features showed good predictive performance for poor survival outcomes of TNBC.

Key Points
• The absence of adjuvant chemotherapy, heavy axillary tumor load, and malignant-like sonographic features can predict DFS in patients with TNBC.
• Mammographic features of TNBC could not predict the survival outcomes of patients with TNBC.
• The nomogram integrating clinicopathological and sonographic characteristics is a reliable predictive model for the prognostic outcome of TNBC.
Leading modes of wind field variability over the western Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Jingzhi , Li Xiao-Feng , Liu Shaofeng , Liu Ting , Dai Yongjiu , Yang Song , Fowler Hayley J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAtmospheric circulations bring moisture from above the ocean to the high mountains of the western Tibet Plateau (TP), thus wind variability is of great importance to the water cycle centered on the western TP. This study therefore examines the leading modes of the wind fields over the western TP. We use the multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MV-EOF) analysis method to detect the dominant wind patterns above the western TP. This method extracts the leading modes of combined meridional and zonal wind variability at 200-hPa in the region of 22° N–50° N, 50° E–92° E. We find the first leading mode of the combined zonal and meridional wind field in the annual mean and in most seasons (spring, summer and autumn) over the western TP shows high similarity to the Western Tibetan Vortex (WTV), a large-scale atmospheric vortex-like pattern recently recognized over the western TP. In winter, the WTV, however, is closer to the second leading mode. We estimate the sensitivity of our results by changing the domain of the MV-EOF analysis region surrounding the western. We find the influence of the WTV is less sensitive to analysis location around the western TP. In short, the WTV generally represents the first leading mode of the wind field in most seasons over the western TP. This study augments our knowledge on wind variability over the western TP.
Changes in patterns of eating habits and food intake during the first German COVID-19 lockdown: results of a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Bühlmeier Judith , Frölich Stefanie , Ludwig Christine , Knoll-Pientka Nadja , Schmidt Börge , Föcker Manuel , Libuda Lars 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic and public measures have a direct impact on the nutrition situation; studies show changes in food consumption, eating behavior or body weight but complex pattern analyses of changes rarely exist.

Methods
During the first German lockdown, a web-based survey was conducted among adults. It included 33 questions about changes in food intake, eating habits and physical activity, as well as anthropometrics and sociodemographic factors. Patterns of change were calculated based on changes in food intake and eating habits using two-step cluster analysis. To identify influencing factors for assignment to the patterns of change, binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
Data from 2103 participants (81% female, 40 ± 14 years) were considered for analysis. Increased stockpiling, cooking, and variation in preparation was reported by 50–70%. The constant pattern (C-P, 36%) reported little change besides the above. The health-oriented pattern (HO-P; 37%) reported eating more healthy foods, avoiding unhealthy foods, and eating less and less frequently. The emotional-driven pattern (ED-P; 28%) exhibits higher influence of emotions on eating behavior, less avoidance of unhealthy foods, and increased consumption of sweets, pastries, and alcohol. The odds of changing eating behavior either to HO-P or ED-P were higher in women, people with migration background, younger participants, and increased with BMI categories.

Conclusion
Both, the ED-P and HO-P, exhibit distinctive reactions in eating habits and food intake when dealing with a distressing experience. In subgroups, these may lead to disturbances in eating behavior and increase the risk for eating disorders and obesity.
Need for nursing care after laparoscopic and open colorectal cancer surgery: a claims data analysis in German primary care
Authors: Senft Jonas D. , Brück Benedikt B. , Poß-Doering Regina , Bruckner Thomas , Szecsenyi Joachim , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Laux Gunter 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Our study analyzes the influence of minimally invasive vs. open surgery on the postoperative need for nursing care in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Colorectal cancer is an age-related disease, and oncologic surgery is increasingly performed in elderly patients. Long-term effects of the procedural choice on patients’ self-sufficiency and autonomy have not been scientifically addressed so far.

Methods
Multivariable logistic regression models based on claims data from a statutory health insurer (AOK, Baden-Württemberg, Germany) were applied to assess potential risk factors for assignment patients to a nursing care level, a German scale to categorize individual need for nursing care, at 12 and 36 months after colorectal cancer surgery.

Results
A total of 3996 patients were eligible to be included in the analysis. At 36 months postoperatively, 44 of 427 (10.3%) patients after minimally invasive colon cancer surgery and 231 of 1287 (17.9%) patients after open procedure were newly graded into a nursing care level (OR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.44–0.90, p = 0.010). Thirty-four of 251 (13.5%) patients receiving minimally invasive rectal cancer surgery compared to 142 of 602 (23.6%) patients after open approach were newly assigned to a nursing care level (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.34–0.81, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
Laparoscopically assisted resection of colorectal cancer seems to be superior in preserving physical autonomy of elderly patients with colorectal cancer.
Piezoelectric elements subjected to low frequency excitation. Empirical determination of stress and frequency influence on piezoelectric parameters
Authors: Bernat-Maso Ernest , Mercedes Luis E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesigning optimum energy harvesting devices is the aim of several developments based on numerical or analytical studies of different piezoelectric configurations that usually consider constant piezoelectric properties. Experimental tests on bending piezoelectric patches showed that the electrical response depended on the frequency and amplitude of the mechanical excitation for displacement-imposed systems. Analytical and numerical calculations required adapting piezoelectric parameters to properly represent experimental results. A novel formulation to calculate piezoelectric parameters using the mechanical stress and the excitation frequency as inputs is proposed and discussed. A linear dependency on the mechanical stress of the piezoelectric ceramic and a logarithmic dependency on the excitation frequency have been combined to propose a unique calculation procedure. Later, this procedure was applied to compute different piezoelectric parameters to set numerical (2% error) and analytical (1% error) calculations that accurately represented experimental results. Finally, the practical implications of considering or not considering the frequency and stress dependency of the piezoelectric properties was evaluated for a theoretical bimorph cantilever configuration, whose excitation frequency decreased whereas the amplitude was kept constant. Results showed that only 1/3 of the energy production that was predicted with constant piezoelectric properties can be expected when considering frequency and stress influence.
Forcing axioms and the complexity of non-stationary ideals
Authors: Cox Sean , Lücke Philipp 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study the influence of strong forcing axioms on the complexity of the non-stationary ideal on $$\omega _2$$

ω
2

and its restrictions to certain cofinalities. Our main result shows that the strengthening $$\mathrm{{MM}}^{++}$$

MM

+
+

of Martin’s Maximum does not decide whether the restriction of the non-stationary ideal on $$\omega _2$$

ω
2

to sets of ordinals of countable cofinality is $$\Delta _1$$

Δ
1

-definable by formulas with parameters in $$\mathrm{{H}}(\omega _3)$$

H
(

ω
3

)

. The techniques developed in the proof of this result also allow us to prove analogous results for the full non-stationary ideal on $$\omega _2$$

ω
2

and strong forcing axioms that are compatible with $$\mathrm{{CH}}$$
CH
. Finally, we answer a question of S. Friedman, Wu and Zdomskyy by showing that the $$\Delta _1$$

Δ
1

-definability of the non-stationary ideal on $$\omega _2$$

ω
2

is compatible with arbitrary large values of the continuum function at $$\omega _2$$

ω
2

.
Interstitial nephritis without glomerulonephritis in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a case series and literature review
Authors: He Xuxia , Wen Yubing , Hu Rongrong , Wu Haiting , Ye Wei , Yue Cai , Qin Yan , Xia Peng , Chen Limeng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract The typical nephrological presentation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) is rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. AAV-associated interstitial nephritis without apparent glomerular lesions was rare. We reported three local cases of AAV-associated interstitial nephritis without glomerulonephritis confirmed by renal biopsy. Then, a literature search was conducted in PubMed using free text words and MeSH terms related to “AAV and interstitial nephritis”. Fifteen cases were included, and their demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, renal pathological features, and treatment response were summarized. AAV-associated interstitial nephritis usually affects elderly patients. The common symptoms include fever, arthralgias, and edema. These patients were mostly MPO-ANCA positive. Pathological lesions in the kidney showed diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema, tubulitis, and fibrosis in the interstitial area. Various immunosuppressive treatments, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and rituximab, were used, and most of the patients achieved clinical remission. AAV-associated interstitial nephritis is rare but shows a characteristic clinical phenotype, serological results, and pathogenic lesions. Immunosuppressive therapy showed good efficacy in these patients.
The effect of informal caregiving on medication: evidence from administrative data
Authors: Stroka-Wetsch Magdalena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the mental and physical strain experienced by informal caregivers. Econometric problems due to individuals selecting themselves into informal care provision are tackled using informative and detailed data on more than 2 million insureds from the largest sickness fund in Germany and applying the propensity score matching technique to estimate the average effect of treatment on the treated. This effect indicates how carers have fared relative to a counterfactual situation in which they would have been non-carers. The radius matching is applied in combination with a strict caliper to obtain a high degree of observational similarity between caring and non-caring individuals. The findings suggest that carers take more psychoactive drugs as well as analgesics and gastrointestinal agents. Females consume about 5 daily defined doses of antidepressants more when they care for dependent relatives. In case of tranquilizers and analgesics, the estimated effect for females amounts about 1 daily defined dose. Considering gastrointestinal agents, the effect amounts to 2 daily defined doses. Thus, informal caregiving appears to be a burdensome task with implications for both mental and physical health.
A new machine learning algorithm to explore the CO2 emissions-energy use-economic growth trilemma
Authors: Magazzino Cosimo , Mele Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the nexus among CO2 emissions, energy use, and GDP in Russia using annual data ranging from 1970 to 2017. We first conduct time-series analyses (stationarity, structural breaks, and cointegration tests). Then, we present a new D2C algorithm, and we run a Machine Learning experiment. Comparing the results of the two approaches, we conclude that economic growth causes energy use and CO2 emissions. However, the critical analysis underlines how the variance decomposition justifies the qualitative approach of using economic growth to immediately implement expenses for the use of alternative energies able to reduce polluting emissions. Finally, robustness checks to validate the results through a new D2C algorithm are performed. In essence, we demonstrate the existence of causal links in sub-permanent states among these variables.
Improving the thermal properties of aircraft cabin interiors with the integration of vacuum insulation panels
Authors: Latsuzbaya V. , Middendorf P. , Völkle D. , Weber C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCommercial aircrafts require insulation to protect passengers in the cabin from thermal and acoustic loads. The conventional insulation in aircrafts consists of blankets made from layers of glass wool wrapped in foil that keeps the glass wool from being adversely affected by the environment. There is a potential to improve the thermal and acoustic properties of the cabin by replacing the interior panels with conventional secondary insulation by new panels combined with vacuum insulation panels (VIP). This article is focusing on the study of the VIP integration into the interior panels. First, the new structure solutions are defined on the basis of a requirement analysis for interior panels and VIP and theoretical analysis. Second, the manufacturing feasibility study for the new solutions is performed. The results show that the new structures can be manufactured. Third, the thermal properties of the new structure solutions are measured. The test results show a decrease of thermal conductivity of the new panels by a factor of 3–6 compared to the conventional solutions. Finally, the impact of the hot molding press on the vacuum maintaining inside the VIP is investigated. The trials demonstrate that the high barrier films can withstand high-temperature and pressure conditions and that the thermal conductivity of the test specimens didn’t worsen after 1 year.
On diagonal operators between the sequence (LF)-spaces $$l_p({\mathcal {V}})$$
Authors: Mele Claudio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDiagonal (multiplication) operators acting between a particular class of countable inductive spectra of Fréchet sequence spaces, called sequence (LF)-spaces, are investigated. We prove results concerning boundedness, compactness, power boundedness, and mean ergodicity. Furthermore, we determine when a diagonal operator is Montel and reflexive. We analyze the spectra in terms of the system of weights defining the spaces.