bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Plant Growth Regulators and Organic Manures on Performance of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Ruchitha Mudham , Mehera Biswarup 
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Autumn Season 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments plant growth regulators and organic manures and replicated thrice. The treatments were T1: Gibberellic acid(GA) at40 mg L-1 + farm yard manure (FYM) at2.5 ton ha-1, T2: GA at40 mg L-1 + Vermicompost (VC) at1.6 ton ha-1, T3: GA at40 mg L-1 + Poultry manure(PM) at0.6 ton ha-1, T4: Indole acetic acid(IAA) at500 mg L-1 + FYM at2.5 ton ha-1 , T5: IAA at500 mg L-1 + VC at1.6 ton ha-1, T6: IAA at500 mg L-1 + (PM) at0.6 ton ha-1, T7: Salicylic Acid(SA) at150 mg L-1 + FYM at2.5 ton ha-1, T8: SA at150 mg L-1 + VC at1.6 ton ha-1, T9: SA at150 mg L-1 + (PM) at 0.6 ton ha-1 were used. The results showed that application of T6 recorded significantly higher plant height, nodules/Plant, No. of Branches/plant, Plant dry weight, Pods/plant, Seeds/pod, Test weight, Seed yield, Haulm yield and Harvest index as compared to other treatments.
Screening of the Antimicrobial Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Some Plants Collected from the City of Narafominsk, Moscow, Russia
Authors: Arsene Mbarga M. J. , Viktorovna Podoprigora I. , Parfait Kezimana , Rehailia Manar , Andreevna Smolyakova L. , Sarra Souadkia , Vyacheslavovna Yashina N. , Alekseevna Kulikova A. , Davares Anyutoulou K. L. , Khelifi Ibrahim , Dimitri Ndandja T. K. , Kavhiza Nyasha 
Published: May 2022

Background: The antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants, including those from Russian flora, can be a considerable asset in the fight against antibiotic resistance and the search for new antimicrobials. The present work aimed at assessing the antimicrobial properties of plants collected from the Narafominsk's flora, a city located on the outskirts of Moscow, Russia.
Methods: The plants were collected from June to August 2021, the extraction was carried out with water as a solvent and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested on 3 referenced microorganisms from the American Type Culture Collection (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231). We determined the inhibition diameters by the well diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) & minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) by the microbroth dilution method.
Results: A total of 59 samples from 33 plants were extracted and included 44.1% of leaves (n=26), 32.2% of flowers (n=19), 8.5% of barks (n=5), 5.1% of whole plant (n =3) and 1 stem and 1 root (1.7%). Inhibition diameters ranged from 0 to 28 mm, MICs and MBCs from 0.5< to >128 mg/ml. 69.49% (n=41) of the plants showed an inhibition diameter greater than zero (>0 mm) against S. aureus, 42.37% (n=25) against E. coli and only 23.72% (n=14) against C. albicans. The plant parts ranked in decrease order of antimicrobial activity were as follows: flower < bark < leaf < whole plant < root < stem < fruit. The plants having shown a noteworthy antimicrobial (MIC ≤0.5 mg/ml) activity against at least 1/3 microorganisms tested and which deserve to be investigated in depth were: flowers of Epilobium angustifolium, Spirea japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum and Saponaria officinalis, bark of Picea abies and the whole plant extract of Rumex obtusifolius. The second group (1≤ MIC ≤ 4 mg/ml) of plants with no less worthy antimicrobial abilities were flowers of Angelica sylvestris, Arctium minus, Centaurea jacea, Convallaria majalis, Melampyrum nemorosum and Physocarpus opulifolius, leaf of Achillea millefolium and Heracleum mantegazzianum, and bark of Quesrcus robur.
Conclusion: Flower extracts of Epilobium angustifolium, Spirea japonica, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Saponaria officinalis against are highly recommended for further studies since they presented the best MIC and inhibitions diameters.
Demographic Profile of Patients with Corneal Blindness at Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Wagh Vishal , Tidake Pravin 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To study the etiopathogenesis, age, gender distribution and visual impairment due to corneal blindness in a tertiary health care centre. In addition, to create awareness for eye donation among the population.
Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted at a university hospital. Patients who arrived at the outpatient department while the study was ongoing had their demographic profiles recorded. Corneal blindness was defined by presenting a VA 3/60 by corneal disease in the affected eye. The experts made the diagnosis. 56 patients of both gender and age were included in study.
Results: The prevalence of corneal blindness was found to more in men than women were and is more in patients with age >50 and < 10 years. The prevalence is more in rural population than urban among which farmer are most involved
Conclusion: To decrease the burden of the corneal blindness patient in developing countries like India, there is need of educating the population about preventive measures and development and modernisation of ophthalmic centres.
Oxigenoterapia em pacientes com deficiência do sistema respiratório por obstrução crônica aos fluxos aéreos com ou sem hipercapnia
Authors: Santana Soraia Leticia , Da Silva e Silva Cássio Magalhães 
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a deficiência no sistema por obstrução crônica aos fluxos aéreos é uma doença caracterizada por inflamação, associada a alterações anatômicas e fisiológicas, podendo ocasionar exacerbações respiratórias. A oxigenoterapia tem sido uma alternativa usada em pacientes que possuem insuficiência respiratória decorrente da obstrução crônica, como tentativa de diminuir os sintomas e as complicações geradas. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da oxigenoterapia em pacientes com deficiência do sistema respiratório por obstrução crônica, com e sem hipercapnia, quanto aos desfechos pressão parcial de oxigênio, frequência respiratória, tempo de internamento e qualidade de vida.Metodologia: revisão de ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados (ECR) nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e PEDro. Incluídos estudos originais que utilizaram a oxigenoterapia como intervenção em pacientes com deficiência do sistema respiratório por obstrução crônica aos fluxos aéreos ou que outras síndromes. Resultados: na busca realizada nas bases de dados foram identificados um total de 387 estudos, reduzindo para 87 quando aplicado o descritor “ensaio clínico” e 7 estudos foram incluídos publicados entre os anos de 2004 e 2019. Conclusão: A oxigenoterapia mostrou-se incremento da pressão parcial de oxigênio, frequência respiratória e redução do tempo de internamento com impactos na melhora da qualidade de vida.
Resistência das populações de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae) aos inseticidas utilizados para o controle
Authors: Vargas Luciana Dias Lemes , Ferreira Silvana Margarida Benevides , Souza Marcelo Dias , Silva Cristhiane Almeida Leite da , Shimoya-bittencourt Walkiria 
Published: May 2022

Introdução: cerca de quatro bilhões de pessoas residem em áreas com risco de dengue, uma arbovirose transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Insecta, Diptera, Culicidae). Na tentativa de combater esse vetor e reduzir a disseminação da dengue, o meio de controle vetorial frequentemente utilizado são os inseticidas. Entretanto, o uso indiscriminado destes no controle do mosquito está relacionado aos mecanismos de resistência desse vetor. Objetivo: mapear as evidências científicas relacionadas à resistência do mosquito A. aegypti aos inseticidas utilizados para o controle populacional. Metodologia: revisão de escopo, segundo metodologia Instituto Joana Briggs, em bases de dados indexadas: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Através do mnemônico PCC (população, conceito e contexto), elaborou-se a estratégia de busca utilizando descritores do Decs e Mesh. Resultados: foram encontrados 1.631 estudos sobre a temática. Após critérios de elegibilidade e seleção, foram incluídos 30 estudos específicos sobre resistência do Aedes aegypti a inseticidas foram incluídos na revisão. A maior parte tratou de forma experimental e 28 (93,3%) estudos trabalharam o controle químico. Em relação à resistência a inseticidas, em 20 estudos (66,6%) constatou-se resistência metabólica e em 9 (30%) a resistência mediada pela alteração da variabilidade genética. Os estudos que observaram mutação não deixam claro se a mutação gênica é especificamente devido à ação mutagênica aos inseticidas. Conclusões: o A. aegypti desenvolve adaptações que lhe conferem resistência aos inseticidas, sendo que esses mecanismos de resistência estão relacionados à variabilidade genética e a adaptações metabólicas, que são transmitidas a seus descendentes ao longo das gerações. Assim, torna-se necessário um avanço nos estudos visando não apenas identificar e explicar os mecanismos de resistência, mas encontrar meios alternativos de manejo que possam controlar o inseto sem ocasionar resistência aos mesmos.
Adaptation of electrochromic glass into an airflow window system and its performance evaluation
Authors: Omodaka Yuichi , Hiyama Kyosuke , Oura Yutaka , Asaoka Yukiyasu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAirflow windows (AFWs) help to stabilize the thermal environment in the perimeter zone and also allows for switching between solar‐shielding and solar heat acquisition operations. This is based on the method of channelizing the air discharged from its cavity layer, either by using a total heat enthalpy exchanger and choosing to exchange heat or otherwise. It has a certain thickness owing to the blinds that are installed in its cavity layer. The purpose of this research is to develop a window system that uses electrochromic (EC) glass, instead of blinds, as a solar‐shielding device. This study also provides the specifications of the window system of reduced thickness. The performance of the window system is assessed by CFD analysis. The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the proposed window system is found to range from 0.083 to 0.268 and its solar radiation properties can be controlled in a flexible manner. These characteristics contribute to an improvement in the building environmental performance in the form of climate‐adaptive building shells (CABS) in places with four distinct seasons such as Japan that require solar‐shielding to reduce the cooling load in summer and solar heat gain to reduce the heating load in winter.
Human‐centered intelligent training for emergency responders
Authors: Mehta Ranjana K. , Moats Jason , Karthikeyan Rohith , Gabbard Joseph L. , Srinivasan Divya , Du Eric Jing , Leonessa Alexander , Burks Garret , Stephenson Andrew , Fernandes Ron 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmergency response (ER) workers perform extremely demanding physical and cognitive tasks that can result in serious injuries and loss of life. Human augmentation technologies have the potential to enhance physical and cognitive work‐capacities, thereby dramatically transforming the landscape of ER work, reducing injury risk, improving ER, as well as helping attract and retain skilled ER workers. This opportunity has been significantly hindered by the lack of high‐quality training for ER workers that effectively integrates innovative and intelligent augmentation solutions. Hence, new ER learning environments are needed that are adaptive, affordable, accessible, and continually available for reskilling the ER workforce as technological capabilities continue to improve. This article presents the research considerations in the design and integration of use‐inspired exoskeletons and augmented reality technologies in ER processes and the identification of unique cognitive and motor learning needs of each of these technologies in context‐independent and ER‐relevant scenarios. We propose a human‐centered artificial intelligence (AI) enabled training framework for these technologies in ER. Finally, how these human‐centered training requirements for nascent technologies are integrated in an intelligent tutoring system that delivers across tiered access levels, covering the range of virtual, to mixed, to physical reality environments, is discussed.
Sars‐Cov‐2 Spike Protein‐Induced Damage of hiPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Huang Xiaochen , Huang Boxin , He Yong , Feng Liang , Shi Jian , Wang Li , Peng Juan , Chen Yong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSars‐Cov‐2 may trigger molecular and functional alterations of cardiomyocytes (CMs) of the heart due to the presence of receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of the host cells. While the endocytic itinerary of the virus via cleavage of the spike protein of Sars‐Cov‐2 is well understood, the role of the remaining part of the spike protein subunit and ACE2 complex is still elusive. Herein, the possible effects of this complex are investigated by using synthetic spike proteins of Sars‐Cov‐2, human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), and a culture device made of an arrayed monolayer of cross‐linked nanofibers. hiPSCs are first differentiated into CMs that form cardiac tissue‐like constructs with regular beating and expression of both ACE2 and gap junction protein Connexin 43. When incubated with the spike proteins, the hiPSC‐CMs undergo a rhythmic fluctuation with overstretched sarcomere structures and dispersed gap junction proteins. When incubated with the spike proteins and supplementary angiotensin II, the damage of the spike protein on hiPSC‐CMs is enhanced due to downregulated ACE2, chromatin margination, altered Connexin 43 expression, sarcomere disruption, and beating break. This discovery may imply latent effects of the spike proteins on the heart.
Manipulating Picosecond Photoresponse in van der Waals Heterostructure Photodetectors
Authors: Zeng Zhouxiaosong , Ge Cuihuan , Braun Kai , Eberle Martin , Wang Yufan , Zheng Biyuan , Zhu Chenguang , Sun Xingxia , Huang Lanyu , Luo Ziyu , Chen Ying , Duan Huigao , Wang Shuangyin , Li Dong , Gao Fei , Pan Anlian , Wang Xiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSelf‐powered ultrafast 2D photodetectors have demonstrated great potential in imaging, sensing, and communication. Understanding the intrinsic ultrafast charge carrier generation and separation processes is essential for achieving high‐performance devices. However, probing and manipulating the ultrafast photoresponse is limited either by the temporal resolution of the conventional methods or the required sophisticated device configurations. Here, van der Waals heterostructure photodetectors are constructed based on MoS2/WSe2 p–n and n–n junctions and manipulate the picosecond photoresponse by combining photovoltaic (PV) and photothermoelectric (PTE) effects. Taking time‐resolved photocurrent (TRPC) measurements, a TRPC peak at zero time delay is observed with decay time down to 4 ps in the n–n junction device, in contrast to the TRPC dip in the p–n junction and pure WSe2 devices, indicating an opposite current polarity between PV and PTE. More importantly, with an ultrafast photocurrent modulation, a transition from a TRPC peak to a TRPC dip is realized, and detailed carrier transport dynamics are analyzed. This study provides a deeper understanding of the ultrafast photocurrent generation mechanism in van der Waals heterostructures and offers a new perspective in instruction for designing more efficient self‐powered photodetectors.
Charge‐Transfer Complex Combining Reduced Cluster with Enhanced Stability for Combined Near‐Infrared II Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Kong Xueping , Yang Yimeng , Wan Guofeng , Chen Qiuyan , Yu Huimei , Li Bao , Wu Lixin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the search for materials with enhanced near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal properties and capability of providing environment‐sensitive therapy, a method that combines isolated components into one nanocomposite is developed. The technique simultaneously involves redox, charge‐transfer formation, and ionic complexation. During the polyoxophosphomolybdate (PMo) cluster mixing with biosafe chromogen 3,3’,5,5’‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the reduced state (rPMo) and the oxidized TMB in the state of charge‐transfer complex (cTMB) emerge spontaneously. The two reduced and oxidized components with charges form a stable ionic complex that resists physiology, saline, broad pH, and elevated temperature. Both the rPMo and cTMB contribute to the total sustainable photothermal conversion efficiency of 48.4% in the NIR‐II region. The ionic complex exhibits biocompatibility in in vitro cell viability evaluation and is demonstrated to enter tumor cells with sustained photothermal property and complexation stability. Due to the local acidity that triggers further interaction among rPMo clusters, a distinct accumulation of the ionic complex at the tumor position is observed after caudal vein injection. Moreover, a remarkable local NIR‐II photothermal image appears. The diminishment of tumor in mice with maintained body weight demonstrates the comprehensive effect of this NIR‐II photothermal therapeutic material.
Polarization Engineering of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Molecular Oxygen and Water
Authors: Wu Chongbei , Teng Zhenyuan , Yang Chao , Chen Fangshuai , Yang Hong Bin , Wang Lei , Xu Hangxun , Liu Bin , Zheng Gengfeng , Han Qing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo‐electron oxygen photoreduction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is seriously inhibited by its sluggish charge kinetics. Herein, a polarization engineering strategy is demonstrated by grafting (thio)urea functional groups onto covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), giving rise to significantly promoted charge separation/transport and obviously enhanced proton transfer. The thiourea‐functionalized CTF (Bpt‐CTF) presents a substantial improvement in the photocatalytic H2O2 production rate to 3268.1 µmol h−1 g−1 with no sacrificial agents or cocatalysts that is over an order of magnitude higher than unfunctionalized CTF (Dc‐CTF), and a remarkable quantum efficiency of 8.6% at 400 nm. Mechanistic studies reveal the photocatalytic performance is attributed to the prominently enhanced two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction by forming endoperoxide at the triazine unit and highly concentrated holes at the thiourea site. The generated O2 from water oxidation is subsequently consumed by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), thereby boosting overall reaction kinetics. The findings suggest a powerful functional‐groups‐mediated polarization engineering method for the development of highly efficient metal‐free polymer‐based photocatalysts.
Progress and Future Prospects of Wide‐Bandgap Metal‐Compound‐Based Passivating Contacts for Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Kun , Bi Qunyu , Wang Xinyu , Liu Wenzhu , Xing Chunfang , Li Kun , Xu Dacheng , Su Zhaojun , Zhang Cheng , Yu Jian , Li Dongdong , Sun Baoquan , Bullock James , Zhang Xiaohong , Yang Xinbo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdvanced doped‐silicon‐layer‐based passivating contacts have boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells to over 26%. However, the inevitable parasitic light absorption of the doped silicon layers impedes further PCE improvement. To this end, alternative passivating contacts based on wide‐bandgap metal compounds (so‐called dopant‐free passivating contacts (DFPCs)) have attracted great attention, thanks to their potential merits in terms of parasitic absorption loss, ease‐of‐deposition, and cost. Intensive research activity has surrounded this topic with significant progress made in recent years. Various electron‐selective and hole‐selective contacts based on metal compounds have been successfully developed, and a champion PCE of 23.5% has been achieved for ac‐Si solar cell with a MoOx‐based hole‐selective contact. In this work, the fundamentals and development status of DFPCs are reviewed and the challenges and potential solutions for enhancing the carrier selectivity of DFPCs are discussed. Based on comprehensive and in‐depth analysis and simulations, the improvement strategies and future prospects for DFPCs design and device implementation are pointed out. By tuning the carrier concentration of the metal compound and the work function of the capping transparent electrode, high PCEs over 26% can be achieved forc‐Si solar cells with DFPCs.
Ferrous Disulfide‐Based Photothermal Nanocatalyst for NIR‐II Mild Hyperthermia‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Liu Jiansheng , Men Yongzhi , Li Jiajia , Men Zening , Peng Shaojun , Sun Haitao , Li Zhaohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has been approved clinically to ablate epileptogenic focus, while the clinical application of this approach is still hindered due to its limited selectivity and potential safety concerns related to extreme hyperthermia. Hypothermal PPT (HPTT) is a novel treatment modality employing mild hyperthermia to ablate abnormal cells, which has a distinctive advantage of minimal side effects on healthy tissues. The significantly elevated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the epileptogenic zone provides a suitable microenvironment for selective chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which utilizes the Fenton reaction of H2O2 and iron‐based nanomaterials to generate cytotoxic free radicals. Herein, the authors report proof‐of‐concept evidence that HPTT and CDT can be successfully integrated to ablate epileptogenic focus. A photothermal nanocatalyst ferrous disulfide nanoplatform is prepared for CDT of epilepsy. More importantly, the CDT efficacy is augmented by the second near‐infrared irradiation‐induced hyperthermia, leading to synergistic HPTT and CDT therapy. In vivo studies on pentylenetetrazole kindling epileptic rats show that the frequency and severity of epileptic attacks are remarkably suppressed after ablation of the epileptogenic focus. It is envisioned that this HPTT augmented CDT strategy may serve as a novel strategy for the treatment of focal epilepsy.
Noncontact Electromagnetic Wireless Recognition for Prosthesis Based on Intelligent Metasurface
Authors: Wang Hai Peng , Zhou Yu Xuan , Li He , Liu Guo Dong , Yin Si Meng , Li Peng Ju , Dong Shu Yue , Gong Chao Yue , Wang Shi Yu , Li Yun Bo , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the development of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, hand gesture recognition techniques have attracted great attention owing to their excellent applications in developing human‐machine interaction (HMI). Here, the authors propose a non‐contact hand gesture recognition method based on intelligent metasurface. Owing to the advantage of dynamically controlling the electromagnetic (EM) focusing in the wavefront engineering, a transmissive programmable metasurface is presented to illuminate the forearm with more focusing spots and obtain comprehensive echo data, which can be processed under the machine learning technology to reach the non‐contact gesture recognition with high accuracy. Compared with the traditional passive antennas, unique variations of echo coefficients resulted from near fields perturbed by finger and wrist agonist muscles can be aquired through the programmable metasurface by switching the positions of EM focusing. The authors realize the gesture recognition using support vector machine algorithm based on five individual focusing spots data and all‐five‐spot data. The influences of the focusing spots on the gesture recognition are analyzed through linear discriminant analysis algorithm and Fisher score. Experimental verifications prove that the proposed metasurface‐based non‐contact wireless design can realize the classification of hand gesture recognition with higher accuracy than traditional passive antennas, and give an HMI solution.