bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying high crash risk segments in rural roads using ensemble decision tree-based models
Authors: Iranmanesh Maryam , Seyedabrishami Seyedehsan , Moridpour Sara 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTraffic safety forecast models are mainly used to rank road segments. While existing studies have primarily focused on identifying segments in urban networks, rural networks have received less attention. However, rural networks seem to have a higher risk of severe crashes. This paper aims to analyse traffic crashes on rural roads to identify the influencing factors on the crash frequency and present a framework to develop a spatial–temporal crash risk map to prioritise high-risk segments on different days. The crash data of Khorasan Razavi province is used in this study. Crash frequency data with the temporal resolution of one day and spatial resolution of 1500 m from loop detectors are analysed. Four groups of influential factors, including traffic parameters (e.g. traffic flow, speed, time headway), road characteristics (e.g. road type, number of lanes), weather data (e.g. daily rainfall, snow depth, temperature), and calendar variables (e.g. day of the week, public holidays, month, year) are used for model calibration. Three different decision tree algorithms, including, Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) have been employed to predict crash frequency. Results show that based on the traditional evaluation measures, the XGBosst is better for the explanation and interpretation of the factors affecting crash frequency, while the RF model is better for detecting trends and forecasting crash frequency. According to the results, the traffic flow rate, road type, year of the crash, and wind speed are the most influencing variables in predicting crash frequency on rural roads. Forecasting the high and medium risk segment-day in the rural network can be essential to the safety management plan. This risk will be sensitive to real traffic data, weather forecasts and road geometric characteristics. Seventy percent of high and medium risk segment-day are predicted for the case study.
Accurate ab initio based global adiabatic potential energy surfaces for the 13A′′, 13A′ and 21A′ states of SiH2
Authors: Wang Hainan , Lü Yanling , Zhang Chengyuan , Li Yongqing 
Published: November 2022

The minimum potential energy curves for the 11A′, 13A′′, 13A′ and 21A′ states. Considering potential barriers, it can be predicted that the molecular reaction of the 13A′′ state is the easiest to happen.
Broadband study and the discovery of pulsations from the Be/X-ray binary eRASSU J052914.9−662446 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Maitra C. , Kaltenbrunner D. , Haberl F. , Buckley D. A. H. , Monageng I. M. , Udalski A. , Carpano S. , Coley J. B. , Doroshenko V. , Ducci L. , Malacaria C. , König O. , Santangelo A. , Vasilopoulos G. , Wilms J. 
Published: November 2022

Context.The Magellanic Clouds are our nearest star-forming galaxies. While the population of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud is relatively well studied, our knowledge about the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is far from complete given its large angular extent and the insufficient coverage with X-ray observations.Aims.We conducted a search for new HMXBs in the LMC using data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma satellite.Methods.After confirming the nature of eRASSU J052914.9−662446 as a hard X-ray source that is positionally coincident with an early-type star, we followed it up with optical spectroscopic observations from the South African Large Telescope (SALT) and a dedicatedNuSTARobservation.Results.We study the broadband timing and spectral behaviour of the newly discovered HMXB eRASSU J052914.9−662446 through eROSITA,Swift, andNuSTARdata in X-rays and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) and SALT RSS data at the optical wavelength. We report the detection of a spin period at 1412 s and suggest that the orbital period of the system is ∼151 days. We thereby establish that eRASSU J052914.9−662446 is an accreting pulsar. Furthermore, through optical spectroscopic observations and the detection of Hαemission, the source is identified as a Be X-ray binary pulsar in the LMC. We also investigated the variability of the source in the optical and X-ray regime over the past decades and provide estimates of the possible magnetic field strength of the neutron star.
Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography and Prophylactic Endoscopic Stenting in Esophagectomy for Acute Esophageal Necrosis
Authors: van Liebergen Lisanne , Kaiser René , Sibbert David Sebastian , Meiners Stefan , Claussnitzer Christian , Soelter Jan , Schmidt Roland , Beltzer Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute esophageal necrosis (AEN) is a rare condition with high mortality. We describe a case of an AEN accompanied with multiple esophageal perforations in a 40-year-old patient. This was addressed via emergency Ivor-Lewis-esophagectomy with intraoperative Indocyanine-Green-Angiography (ICGA) and prophylactic placement of a self-expanding metal-stent (SEMS).
Schulteruntersuchung: ein rascher Funktionsüberblick
Authors: Schmid Oskar A. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryKörperliche Untersuchungen und verschiedene Tests, wie zum Beispiel die Messung der Kraftentfaltung nach Janda, erlauben es, Aussagen zu schulterspezifischen Diagnosen zu treffen und etwa eine Schultergelenkssteife, eine Bizepssehnen-Affektion oder eine Rotatorenmanschettenläsion zu erkennen. Entscheidend für die Auswahl der Tests ist neben den Beschwerden auch die Belastungsfähigkeit sowie die körperliche Konstitution der Patienten.
Schwer zu schultern: Psychosomatische Aspekte bei Beschwerden der Schulter und des Schultergürtels
Authors: Behrens Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

SummaryPsychosomatische Zusammenhänge zeigen sich besonders häufig durch Symptome im Bewegungssystem. Anspannung – körperliche, seelische wie geistige – schlägt sich unter anderem in Verspannungen der Muskulatur nieder. Bei der Behandlung von Beschwerden im Schulter-Nacken-Bereich ist eine Klärung möglicher psychosomatischer Ursachen hilfreich. Diese lassen sich zum Beispiel durch achtsames Berühren oder Akupunktur aufdecken. Fallbeispiele demonstrieren, wie die Lösung psychischer Konflikte zugleich auch zu einer Lösung der Schulter-Nacken-Symptomatik führen kann.
Circulating Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Preeclampsia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Lihong , Yang Qiuli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been suggested as a potential biomarker of preeclampsia. However, previous studies evaluating circulating GDF-15 in women with preeclampsia showed inconsistent results. A meta-analysis was performed accordingly in this study. Observational studies comparing circulating GDF-15 between women with preeclampsia normal pregnancy were identified by search of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for assessing the quality of the studies. A randomized-effect model incorporating the possible between-study heterogeneity was used to pool the results. Eleven observational studies including 498 women with preeclampsia and 2349 women with normal pregnancy contributed to the meta-analysis. Results showed that compared to controls of women with normal pregnancy at least matched for gestational ages, women with preeclampsia had significantly higher circulating GDF-15 at the diagnosis [standard mean difference (SMD): 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.16 to 1.17, p=0.01, I2=93%]. Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in women with preterm and term preeclampsia in Asian and non-Asian women and in studies with different quality scores, which were not statistically significant between subgroups (p for subgroup difference>0.05). Moreover, a higher level of GDF-15 was also found before the diagnosis in women who subsequently developed preeclampsia than those who did not (SMD: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.45 to 2.18, p=0.003, I2=89%). In conclusion, a higher circulating GDF-15 is observed in women with preeclampsia even before the diagnosis of the disease.
Kommunikation über die elterliche Krebserkrankung mit
minderjährigen Kindern: Notwendigkeit, Belastung und Themen aus
Elternsicht
Authors: Kleinhaus Hannah , Brähler Elmar , Romer Georg , Ernst Jochen 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Krebskranke Eltern minderjähriger Kinder stehen neben
der Bewältigung eigener Belastungen vor der schwierigen Aufgabe, ihren
Kindern die Diagnose und deren Auswirkungen zu vermitteln. Ziel der vorliegenden
Arbeit ist es, die Wahrnehmung der Eltern in Bezug auf die Gespräche mit
ihren Kindern zu untersuchen und wesentliche Themen für eine
psychosoziale Unterstützung dabei herauszuarbeiten.
Methodik Anhand eines Fragebogens wurden N=82
Krebspatient*innen mit N=162 minderjährigen Kindern zu
ihren Erfahrungen bei den Gesprächen mit ihren Kindern über die
Erkrankung befragt.
Ergebnisse Die Kommunikation über die Erkrankung wurde von den
meisten Eltern als notwendig wahrgenommen. Das gilt insbesondere in Bezug auf
ältere Kinder. Mit 143 von 162 Kindern (88,3%) fand das
Gespräch statt. Von den 82 befragten Elternteilen empfanden
16,5% keine Belastung als Folge der Gespräche, 15,2%
berichteten von einer sehr hohen Belastung. Als besonders belastend wurde
v. a. das Gefühl wahrgenommen, die Kinder nicht schützen
zu können.
Diskussion Die meisten Eltern erachten die Kommunikation mit den Kindern
als wichtig und handeln auch dementsprechend. Vielen fällt das aber
schwer, z. B., weil sie ihre Kinder eigentlich beschützen
wollen. Für zusätzliche Überforderung können
Fragen der Kinder sorgen, auf welche die Eltern keine Antwort geben
können.
Schlussfolgerung Eine psychosoziale Unterstützung kann hier
hilfreich sein. Von den Eltern thematisierte Erfahrungen können anderen
Eltern in ähnlichen Situationen helfen.
Chronische Schulterbeschwerden – Impingement, Rotatorenmanschettenrupturen oder funktionelle Störung?
Authors: Behrens Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

SummarySchulterbeschwerden sind häufig myofaszial bedingt. Dies zu verstehen und zu behandeln macht oft eine angedachte Operation überflüssig. Wichtig ist ein früher Behandlungsstart: Bei allen Beschwerden an der Schulter, spätestens beim typischen „schmerzhaften Bogen“, sollte umgehend untersucht und gezielt konservativ behandelt werden. Das hier vorgestellte pathophysiologisch orientierte Behandlungskonzept zur Verbesserung der Muskulatur und der Bewegungsabläufe ist oft auch in fortgeschrittenen Fällen noch effizient.
Topical hemostatic agents in the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis
Authors: Alali Ali A. , Moosavi Sarvee , Martel Myriam , Almadi Majid , Barkun Alan N. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Novel topical hemostatic agents have shown promising results in treating patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). However, data are limited even in published meta-analyses as to their role, especially compared to conventional endoscopic approaches. The aim of this study was to perform a highly comprehensive systematic review assessing the effectiveness of topical hemostatic agents in UGIB in different clinical settings.
Methods We performed a literature search of OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases through September 2021. Studies assessing the efficacy of topical hemostatic agents in UGIB were included. Main outcomes were immediate hemostasis and overall rebleeding.
Results A total of 980 citations were identified and 59 studies with a total of 3,417 patients were included in the analysis. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in 93 % (91 %; 94 %), with similar results according to etiology (NVUGIB vs. variceal), topical agent used, or treatment strategy (primary vs. rescue). The overall rebleeding rate was 18 % (15%; 21 %) with the majority of rebleeds occurring in the first 7 days. Among comparative studies, topical agents achieved immediate hemostasis more often than standard endoscopic modalities (OR 3.94 [1.73; 8.96), with non-different overall rebleeding odds (OR 1.06 [0.65; 1.74]). Adverse events occurred in 2 % (1 %; 3 %). Study quality was overall low to very low.
Conclusions Topical hemostatic agents are effective and safe in the management of UGIB with favorable outcomes when compared to conventional endoscopic modalities across a variety of bleeding etiologies. This is especially true in novel subgroup analyses that assessed immediate hemostasis and rebleeding among RCTs and in malignant bleeding. Due to methodological limitations of available data, additional studies are needed to ascertain their effectiveness more confidently in the management of patients with UGIB.
Developing Automated Computer Algorithms to Phenotype Periodontal Disease Diagnoses in Electronic Dental Records
Authors: Patel Jay Sureshbhai , Brandon Ryan , Tellez Marisol , Albandar Jasim M. , Rao Rishi , Krois Joachim , Wu Huanmei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to phenotype periodontal disease (PD) diagnoses from three different sections (diagnosis codes, clinical notes, and periodontal charting) of the electronic dental records (EDR) by developing two automated computer algorithms.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study using EDR data of patients (n = 27,138) who received care at Temple University Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry from January 1, 2017 to August 31, 2021. We determined the completeness of patient demographics, periodontal charting, and PD diagnoses information in the EDR. Next, we developed two automated computer algorithms to automatically diagnose patients' PD statuses from clinical notes and periodontal charting data. Last, we phenotyped PD diagnoses using automated computer algorithms and reported the improved completeness of diagnosis.
Results The completeness of PD diagnosis from the EDR was as follows: periodontal diagnosis codes 36% (n = 9,834), diagnoses in clinical notes 18% (n = 4,867), and charting information 80% (n = 21,710). After phenotyping, the completeness of PD diagnoses improved to 100%. Eleven percent of patients had healthy periodontium, 43% were with gingivitis, 3% with stage I, 36% with stage II, and 7% with stage III/IV periodontitis.
Conclusions We successfully developed, tested, and deployed two automated algorithms on big EDR datasets to improve the completeness of PD diagnoses. After phenotyping, EDR provided 100% completeness of PD diagnoses of 27,138 unique patients for research purposes. This approach is recommended for use in other large databases for the evaluation of their EDR data quality and for phenotyping PD diagnoses and other relevant variables.
Neuronally produced betaine acts via a ligand-gated ion channel to control behavioral states
Authors: Hardege Iris , Morud Julia , Yu Jingfang , Wilson Tatiana S. , Schroeder Frank C. , Schafer William R. 
Published: November 2022

Trimethylglycine, or betaine, is an amino acid derivative found in diverse organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals, with well-established functions as a methyl donor and osmolyte in all cells. In addition, betaine is found in the nervous system, though its function there is not well understood. Here, we show that betaine is synthesized in the nervous system of the nematode worm,
Caenorhabditis elegans,
where it functions in the control of different behavioral states. Specifically, we find that betaine can be produced in a pair of interneurons, the RIMs, and packed into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter, CAT-1, expressed in these cells. Mutant animals defective in betaine synthesis are unable to control the switch from local to global foraging, a phenotype that can be rescued by restoring betaine specifically to the RIM neurons. These effects on behavior are mediated by a newly identified betaine-gated chloride channel, LGC-41, which is expressed broadly in the navigation circuit. These results implicate neuronally produced betaine as a neuromodulator in vivo and suggest a potentially similar role for betaine in nervous systems of other animals.
Incipient articles in Old East Scandinavian varieties
Authors: Sánchez Argüelles Gerardo , Los Bettelou 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis is a study of the semantics of definiteness marking and of its applicability to the Old East Scandinavian linguistic scenario. Contrary to the Modern Continental Scandinavian languages, Old East Scandinavian varieties did not possess fully-fledged definite articles, although all three demonstrative systems (hinn, -inn, sá/þænn, andsjá/þænni) show some evidence of being used as markers of definiteness. A semantic analysis of these forms in extracts from theScanian LawandGuta Lagreveals the differentiated intermediate stages along the cline of grammaticalisation these definiteness markers found themselves in during this linguistic period. This confirms, in turn, that despite not being employed as definite articles proper,hinn, -innandsá/þænnshow some degree of semantic bleaching.
Fluctuation effects on the plasma density profiles measured by using a frequency modulated continuous wave reflectometer
Authors: Seo Seong-Heon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Scanning diagnostics requires that for the correct measurement the target should not move during the scan. However, even if a frequency modulated continuous wave reflectometer is operated with a frequency modulation (FM) time of 10 µs, the high-temperature fusion plasma fluctuates even for such a short duration. The fluctuation effect on the reflectometer measurements is investigated by simulating the reflectometer response for various plasma conditions. Because the uncertainty of the zero density position might give an additional distortion to the reconstructed profile, this effect is also investigated. The simulation results show that the density profile reconstruction is not very sensitive to the zero density position but very sensitive to the fluctuations. The FM rate must be 100 times faster than the fluctuation frequency in order to suppress the radial distortion below about 20% of the fluctuation radial amplitude. An algorithm is proposed to reduce the distortion more effectively even at much lower FM rates. The distortion is canceled out by averaging two profiles, one of which is measured as increasing the frequency and the other as decreasing the frequency. The algorithm is applied to the experimental data analysis to confirm the simulation results. Through this study, it is concluded that the FM time of the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research reflectometer should be reduced to 2 µs to be able to measure the H-mode plasma density profiles.
View from below: experimental manipulation of water surfaces to evaluate visual integrity of heron-like models through Snell’s window
Authors: Cortese A R B , Reimchen T E 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The water–air interface is a globally widespread habitat for interactions between prey and predators. We experimentally manipulated water surface conditions (flat, smooth waves, three levels of current-induced turbulence) and digitally quantified the visual integrity of above-surface models from a subsurface perspective. Progressive fragmentation was present in each of the models (upright heron, crouched heron, vertical block, horizontal block) with increased departure from flat surface conditions. Smooth directional waves produced multiple horizontal bands (shadows) that moved across the models while surface currents distorted the profile, including progressive disintegration of the models appearance into multiple fragments of different sizes. This fragmentation is caused by scattered surface irregularities interacting with waves and is accentuated at the broken periphery of the optical window, reducing recognition of the models. Unexpectedly, we found that bands and fragments emerging from different surface conditions resemble common frontal plumage patterns on some Ardeidae and shorebirds (Charadriiformes). While these natural plumages are widely recognized to reflect a diversity of adaptations, including camouflage in terrestrial habitats, we suggest that their resemblance to water surface-induced fragmentation might also reflect foraging adaptations of predators though the water–air interface.
Absence of Wee1 alters global transcriptional response to oxidative stress in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Datta Suchismita , Ghosal Agamani , Dutta Suparna , Sundaram Geetanjali 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Stress response and checkpoint activation are the main determinants of cellular survival in adverse conditions. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, these are controlled by the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Spc1 and the Cyclin dependent Kinase Cdc2 respectively. Cdc2 is regulated positively by Cdc25 and negatively by Wee1. Changes in Cdc2 activity can be sensed by Spc1 resulting in the modulation of mitotic timing by Spc1. Functional cross talks between cell cycle regulation and MAPK machinery during regulation of mitotic timing are well characterised but the presence of similar communication during stress response remains unexplored. In this study we report how the checkpoint activator kinase Wee1 can also influence the transcriptional response to oxidative stress. We show that deletion of Wee1 results in changes in gene expression of the cells, especially with respect to genes whose expression is known to be regulated by Spc1. These differences are seen in unperturbed cells as well as during oxidative stress. Moreover, such variations extend beyond what could be expected to occur due to the known enhanced Spc1 activity of these cells. This is the first depiction of the influence of Wee1 and consequently Cdc2 activity on transcriptional response to oxidative stress.
Clinically relevant mouse models of Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 2S
Authors: Martin Paige B , Holbrook Sarah E , Hicks Amy N , Hines Timothy J , Bogdanik Laurent P , Burgess Robert W , Cox Gregory A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease is an inherited peripheral neuropathy that is clinically and genetically heterogenous. Mutations in IGHMBP2, a ubiquitously expressed DNA/RNA helicase, have been shown to cause the infantile motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1), and, more recently, juvenile-onset Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2S (CMT2S). Using CRISPR-cas9 mutagenesis, we developed the first mouse models of CMT2S [p.Glu365del (E365del) and p.Tyr918Cys (Y918C)]. E365del is the first CMT2S mouse model to be discovered and Y918C is the first human CMT2S allele knock-in model. Phenotypic characterization of the homozygous models found progressive peripheral motor and sensory axonal degeneration. Neuromuscular and locomotor assays indicate that both E365del and Y918C mice have motor deficits, while neurobehavioral characterization of sensory function found that E365del mutants have mechanical allodynia. Analysis of femoral motor and sensory nerves identified axonal degeneration, which does not impact nerve conduction velocities in E365del mice, but it does so in the Y918C model. Based on these results, the E365del mutant mouse, and the human allele knock-in, Y918C, represent mouse models with the hallmark phenotypes of CMT2S, which will be critical for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of IGHMBP2. These mice will complement existing Ighmbp2 alleles modeling SMARD1 to help understand the complex phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity that is observed in patients with IGHMBP2 variants.