bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Cathode Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operating on Model Methane Combustion Exhaust
Authors: Hartwell Alexander R. , Ahn Jeongmin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The combustion of methane produces favorable conditions for power generation via solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). When SOFCs operate in the exhaust of a combustion reaction in a flame-assisted fuel cell (FFC) arrangement, electrical power and heat can be simultaneously produced. These combined heat and power (CHP) systems offer high efficiencies and resilience against external power supply disruptions. The geometric limitations of SOFCs, however, have previously complicated their integration into combustion chambers. Specifically, the desirable self-sealing tubular-SOFC (tSOFC) geometry which offers resilience against rapid thermal fluctuations, a necessity for operation within combustion chambers, requires the fuel to be fed to the inside of the tube when produced through traditional manufacturing procedures. This requirement significantly alters the combustion chamber operation. This issue has been eliminated through development of a novel extrusion-based internal cathode tSOFC (IC-tSOFC) which has oxidant fed internally allowing it to be directly placed into the fuel containing environment of a combustion chamber. At this point, the performance of these cells has only been investigated when utilizing hydrogen as a fuel. This work investigates IC-tSOFC operation with model methane combustion exhaust acting as the fuel supply. Variation of performance as a result of operation temperature as well as exhaust compositions are presented in addition to scanning electron microscope images of the cells before and after short-term durability testing. The results shown here provide motivation to continue work on integrating IC-tSOFCs into combustion systems to produce high efficiency CHP solutions.
Characteristics of Swirl-Stabilized Distributed Combustion With Hydrogen-Enriched Methane
Authors: Roy Rishi , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Distributed combustion was investigated with hydrogen-enriched methane fuel in a swirl-stabilized burner. Distributed reaction zones were established from conventional swirl flames at two heat release intensities of 5.72 and 7.63 MW/m3-atm by diluting the main airstream with carbon dioxide. The appearance of distributed reaction zones with hydrogen addition to methane fuel was investigated here. High-speed chemiluminescence imaging was performed for different cases without any spectral filtering to visualize the shape of reaction zones. A gradual increase of % H2 in the fuel mixture increased the chemiluminescence intensity and reduced the flame standoff distance gradually in both the swirl and distributed combustion cases. The reaction zone at higher thermal intensities was found to be wider than the lower thermal intensity case. Distributed reaction zones possessed lower visible chemiluminescence signatures than that of the conventional swirl flames considered. The increased flame chemiluminescence signatures with hydrogen enrichment were related to higher flame reactivity because of hydrogen addition. This hypothesis was verified by computing the laminar flame speed at various hydrogen-enriched cases at different O2 concentrations. The results revealed that the flame speed gradually decreased when the flame transitioned from swirl combustion to distributed combustion regime. Additionally, higher flame speed was observed at different O2 levels corresponding to higher hydrogen content in the fuel mixture.
Study of a Non-Premixed Methane/Air Pilot Flame
Authors: Bendadi Mohammed El Khalil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Principle use of the pilot flame is to control combustion in systems having continuous ignition and maintain main flame by providing heat or chemical species and prevention from cold air. This paper study the numerical simulation of non-premixed methane/air piloted flame comparatively with piloted methane/air flame of Sandia National Laboratories. Two-dimensional (2D) simulation used to study the diffusion of piloted flame and measure temperature, pressure, velocity and mass fraction CH4, O2, CO2 and NO including axial and radial profiles. The results describe the propagation of methane/air combustion in the burner and stoichiometric flame length using axial and radial profiles x/D, the factors influence on the flame: the flux of initial jet, the stoichiometric mixture fraction methane/air and diameter of initial jet, that result the reducing of soot in the reaction zone.
Influence of epidemics and pandemics on paediatric ED use: a systematic review
Authors: Roland Damian , Gardiner Adam , Razzaq Darakhshan , Rose Katy , Bressan Silvia , Honeyford Kate , Buonsenso Danilo , Da Dalt Liviana , De Tisham , Farrugia Ruth , Parri Niccolo , oostenbrink Rianne , Maconochie Ian K , Bognar Zsolt , Moll Henriette A , Titomanlio Luigi , Nijman Ruud Gerard Gerard 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of epidemics and pandemics on the utilisation of paediatric emergency care services to provide health policy advice.SettingSystematic review.DesignSearches were conducted of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for studies that reported on changes in paediatric emergency care utilisation during epidemics (as defined by the WHO).PatientsChildren under 18 years.InterventionsNational Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies was used.Main outcome measuresChanges in paediatric emergency care utilisation.Results131 articles were included within this review, 80% of which assessed the impact of COVID-19. Studies analysing COVID-19, SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and Ebola found a reduction in paediatric emergency department (PED) visits, whereas studies reporting on H1N1, chikungunya virus andEscherichia colioutbreaks found an increase in PED visits. For COVID-19, there was a reduction of 63.86% (95% CI 60.40% to 67.31%) with a range of −16.5% to −89.4%. Synthesis of results suggests that the fear of the epidemic disease, from either contracting it or its potential adverse clinical outcomes, resulted in reductions and increases in PED utilisation, respectively.ConclusionsThe scale and direction of effect of PED use depend on both the epidemic disease, the public health measures enforced and how these influence decision-making. Policy makers must be aware how fear of virus among the general public may influence their response to public health advice. There is large inequity in reporting of epidemic impact on PED use which needs to be addressed.Trial registration numberCRD42021242808.
Biological effects of stored platelet-rich plasma eye-drops in corneal wound healing
Authors: Okumura Yuichi , Inomata Takenori , Fujimoto Keiichi , Fujio Kenta , Zhu Jun , Yanagawa Ai , Shokirova Hurramhon , Saita Yoshitomo , Kobayashi Yohei , Nagao Masahi , Nishio Hirofumi , Sung Jaemyoung , Midorikawa-Inomata Akie , Eguchi Atsuko , Nagino Ken , Akasaki Yasutsugu , Hirosawa Kunihiko , Huang Tianxiang , Kuwahara Mizu , Murakami Akira 
Published: September 2022

Background/aimsThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and sterility of stored platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye-drops for corneal epithelial wound healing compared with those of autologous serum (AS) eye-drops.MethodsAt our single institution, PRP and AS eye-drops were prepared using peripheral blood obtained from six healthy volunteers and stored at 4°C. Platelet and leucocyte counts and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and fibronectin levels were assessed during storage for up to 4 weeks. Sterility was assessed by culturing 4-week poststorage samples. PRP, AS, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) eye-drop efficacies were compared using corneal epithelial wound healing assaysin vitroandin vivoand monitoring wound areas under a microscope every 3 hours.ResultsHigher platelet and lower leucocyte counts were seen in PRP than in whole blood on the day of preparation. After storage, TGF-β1, EGF, and fibronectin levels were significantly higher in PRP than in AS eye-drops.In vitroandin vivo, PRP eye-drops used on the day of preparation significantly promoted corneal epithelial wound healing compared with PBS. Moreover, PRP eye-drops stored for 4 weeks significantly promoted corneal wound healing compared with PBS and AS eye-drops.ConclusionPRP eye-drops stored at 4°C for 4 weeks promoted corneal epithelial wound healing with higher levels of growth factors than those observed in AS eye-drops, while maintaining sterility, suggesting that this preparation satisfies the unmet medical needs in the treatment of refractory keratoconjunctival epithelial disorders.
Development of a customised programme to standardise comorbidity diagnosis codes in a large-scale database
Authors: Osorio Robert C , Raygor Kunal P , Abla Adib A 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThe transition from ICD-9 to ICD-10 coding creates a data standardisation challenge for large-scale longitudinal research. We sought to develop a programme that automated this standardisation process.MethodsA programme was developed to standardise ICD-9 and ICD-10 terminology into one system. Code was improved to reduce runtime, and two iterations were tested on a joint ICD-9/ICD-10 database of 15.8 million patients.ResultsBoth programmes successfully standardised diagnostic terminology in the database. While the original programme updated 100 000 cells in 12.5 hours, the improved programme translated 3.1 million cells in 38 min.DiscussionWhile both programmes successfully translated ICD-related data into a standardised format, the original programme suffered from excessive runtimes. Code improvement with hash tables and parallelisation exponentially reduced these runtimes.ConclusionDatabases with ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes require terminology standardisation for analysis. By sharing our programme’s implementation, we hope to assist other researchers in standardising their own databases.
Assuring the safety of AI-based clinical decision support systems: a case study of the AI Clinician for sepsis treatment
Authors: Festor Paul , Jia Yan , Gordon Anthony C , Faisal A Aldo , Habli Ibrahim , Komorowski Matthieu 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesEstablishing confidence in the safety of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support systems is important prior to clinical deployment and regulatory approval for systems with increasing autonomy. Here, we undertook safety assurance of the AI Clinician, a previously published reinforcement learning-based treatment recommendation system for sepsis.MethodsAs part of the safety assurance, we defined four clinical hazards in sepsis resuscitation based on clinical expert opinion and the existing literature. We then identified a set of unsafe scenarios, intended to limit the action space of the AI agent with the goal of reducing the likelihood of hazardous decisions.ResultsUsing a subset of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database, we demonstrated that our previously published ‘AI clinician’ recommended fewer hazardous decisions than human clinicians in three out of our four predefined clinical scenarios, while the difference was not statistically significant in the fourth scenario. Then, we modified the reward function to satisfy our safety constraints and trained a new AI Clinician agent. The retrained model shows enhanced safety, without negatively impacting model performance.DiscussionWhile some contextual patient information absent from the data may have pushed human clinicians to take hazardous actions, the data were curated to limit the impact of this confounder.ConclusionThese advances provide a use case for the systematic safety assurance of AI-based clinical systems towards the generation of explicit safety evidence, which could be replicated for other AI applications or other clinical contexts, and inform medical device regulatory bodies.
Innovative technology to eliminate the racial bias in non-invasive, point-of-care (POC) haemoglobin and pulse oximetry measurements
Authors: Gokhale Sanjay G , Daggubati Vinoop , Alexandrakis Georgios 
Published: September 2022

There is a significant unmet clinical need for a reliable point-of-care (POC) estimation of the blood haemoglobin (Hb) method. Current available methods, notably pulse oximetry, have certain limitations related to design and methodology of devices. These have low sensitivity for detecting serial change in the Hb values, especially at the lower range and are inaccurate in people with darker skin.ObjectiveThis study aimed at developing a novel, non-invasive technology for the measurement of Hb and oxygen saturation.DesignThis was an observational study.RecruitmentThis was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Texas at Arlington and 16 healthy adult volunteers (age 20–40 years) were recruited in this study.The investigational device (Shani) probe (United States Patent 11191460B1) consists of light emitting diodes with wavelengths ranging 520–580 nm, and a photosensor component. The probe is gently placed on the back of the subject’s wrist and reflected light is measured as an electrical signal, with digital recordings. Skin tone (or skin colour) was assessed by Von Luschan Chromatic Scale (VLS). Using a specific algorithm accounting for melanin (as determined from VLS Scale) and employing a software, the results can be displayed on screen as Hb values and ratio of tissue oxygen saturation.ResultsThe results of the investigational non-invasive (Shani) device were comparable with the invasive, point of care (POC) method (iSTAT, Abbott Inc.).
Effect of speed humps on injury consequences on trunk roads traversing towns in Ghana: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Gyaase Daniel , Newton Sam , Adams Charles Anum , Enuameh Yeetey , Adjei Benjamin Noble , Nakua Emmanuel Kweku 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSpeed calming interventions have been employed globally as a road safety measure to curb outcomes of RTCs such as injuries and deaths. In Ghana, few studies have reported on the effect of speed calming measures on the severity of road traffic injuries. This study examined the effect of speed humps on the severity of injuries during RTCs on trunk roads passing through towns in Ghana from 2011 to 2020.MethodsThe study employed a quasi-experimental before-and-after study with controls design to answer the research questions. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Univariable and multivariable ordered logistic regression was used to examine the effect of speed humps on the severity of injuries during RTCs.ResultsThe mean height, length and spacing of the speed humps were 10.9 cm, 7.67 m and 207.17 m, respectively. Fatal/serious/minor injuries were 35% higher at the intervention than the control settlements prior to installation of speed humps though not significant (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.35, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.14). A significant change in injury severity occurred after the installation of the speed hump devices. There was a reduction of 77% in fatal/serious/minor injuries at the intervention towns compared with the control towns (aOR=0.23, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.47).ConclusionThe findings present evidence suggesting that speed hump is an effective road safety measure in reducing the severity of road traffic injuries on trunk roads.
Generation and proof-of-concept for allogeneic CD123 CAR-Delta One T (DOT) cells in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Diego , Tirado Néstor , Mensurado Sofia , Martínez-Moreno Alba , Romecín Paola , Gutiérrez Agüera Francisco , Correia Daniel V , Silva-Santos Bruno , Menéndez Pablo 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have emerged as a breakthrough treatment for relapse/refractory hematological tumors, showing impressive complete remission rates. However, around 50% of the patients relapse before 1-year post-treatment. T-cell ‘fitness’ is critical to prolong CAR-T persistence and activity. Allogeneic T cells from healthy donors are less dysfunctional or exhausted than autologous patient-derived T cells; in this context, Delta One T cells (DOTs), a recently described cellular product based on MHC/HLA-independent Vδ1+γδ T cells, represent a promising allogeneic platform.MethodsHere we generated and preclinically validated, for the first time, 4-1BB-based CAR-DOTs directed against the interleukin-3α chain receptor (CD123), a target antigen widely expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts.ResultsCD123CAR-DOTs showed vigorous, superior to control DOTs, cytotoxicity against AML cell lines and primary samples bothin vitroandin vivo, even on tumor rechallenge.ConclusionsOur results provide the proof-of-concept for a DOT-based next-generation allogeneic CAR-T therapy for AML.
Evaluation of an exercise and ergonomics intervention for the prevention of neck pain in office workers: exploratory analysis of a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Johnston Venerina , Jackson Katherine , Welch Alyssa , Sjøgaard Gisela , Comans Tracy Ann , Straker Leon , Melloh Markus , Gane Elise , Bowe Steve , O'Leary Shaun 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of a 12-week ergonomic/exercise programme compared with an ergonomic/health education programme on the development of neck pain in office workers over 12 months.MethodsThis cluster-randomised trial prospectively recruited office workers from public and private organisations. Only non-neck pain cases at baseline were included (n=484). All participants received an ergonomic workstation review then randomly allocated to receive a neck/shoulder progressive exercise programme (20 min, 3 ×/week; intervention group) or health education sessions (60 min, 1 ×/week; active control) for 12 weeks. Generalised estimating equations evaluated group differences in the point prevalence of neck pain cases (defined as those with a neck pain score of ≥3 on a 0 (no pain) to 9 (worst pain) scale) over time (3, 6, 9 and 12 months) with cumulative incidence of neck pain cases evaluated descriptively.ResultsWhile no significant group × time interaction was evident, the 12-month point prevalence of neck pain cases in the intervention group (10%) was half that of the active control group (20%) (adjusted OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.01, p=0.05). Lower cumulative incidence of neck pain cases was observed in the intervention (17%) compared with active control group (30%) over the 12 months.ConclusionsA combined ergonomics and exercise intervention may have more benefits in preventing neck pain cases in office workers than an ergonomic and health education intervention. Group differences were modest and should be interpreted with caution when considering strategies for primary prevention of neck pain in the office worker population.Trial registrationACTRN12612001154897
Geological mapping by thermal inertia derived from long-term maximum and minimum temperatures in ASTER data
Authors: Asano Yukie , Yamaguchi Yasushi , Kodama Shinsuke 
Published: September 2022

Thermal inertia is a geophysical quantity used to characterize geological features. Apparent thermal inertia (ATI) is an alternative quantity that can be derived from remotely sensed data. Calculation of the conventional ATI requires acquisition of a pair of daytime and night-time images taken within a short time interval, which can often be difficult to fulfil by satellite remote sensing due to orbit constraints. In this study, we proposed long-term ATI (LATI) as a new alternative ATI, taking advantage of the large ASTER data archive.
Using the Cuprite area in Nevada, USA as a test site, ATI was calculated using an ASTER data pair that was obtained within 2 days. LATI was also calculated using a much more separated ASTER data pair: daytime on 5 August 2000 and night-time on 12 January 2012. These dates were chosen to represent the maximum and minimum yearly surface temperatures. There was a strong positive correlation between ATI and LATI. We can conclude that LATI is useful and superior to conventional ATI because the maximum and minimum land-surface temperatures tend to converge on certain values and can be used to characterize surface geological features with minimal effects from temporal atmospheric and environmental conditions.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Remote sensing for site investigations on Earth and other planets collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/remote-sensing-for-site-investigations-on-earth-and-other-planets
Adenosine A2a Receptor Antagonism Restores Additive Cytotoxicity by Cytotoxic T Cells in Metabolically Perturbed Tumors
Authors: Slaats Jeroen , Wagena Esther , Smits Daan , Berends Annemarie A. , Peters Ella , Bakker Gert-Jan , van Erp Merijn , Weigelin Bettina , Adema Gosse J. , Friedl Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are antigen-specific effector cells with the ability to eradicate cancer cells in a contact-dependent manner. Metabolic perturbation compromises the CTL effector response in tumor subregions, resulting in failed cancer cell elimination despite the infiltration of tumor-specific CTLs. Restoring the functionality of these tumor-infiltrating CTLs is key to improve immunotherapy. Extracellular adenosine is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced within the tumor microenvironment. Here, by applying single-cell reporter strategies in 3D collagen cocultures in vitro and progressing tumors in vivo, we show that adenosine weakens one-to-one pairing of activated effector CTLs with target cells, thereby dampening serial cytotoxic hit delivery and cumulative death induction. Adenosine also severely compromised CTL effector restimulation and expansion. Antagonization of adenosine A2a receptor (ADORA2a) signaling stabilized and prolonged CTL–target cell conjugation and accelerated lethal hit delivery by both individual contacts and CTL swarms. Because adenosine signaling is a near-constitutive confounding parameter in metabolically perturbed tumors, ADORA2a targeting represents an orthogonal adjuvant strategy to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.