bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent expression of PD-L1 in tumor microenvironment with peripheral PD-1/PD-L1 in circulating T lymphocytes of operable breast cancer: a diagnostic test
Authors: Yuan Keyu , Wu Jiangping , Zhao Yanjie , Lyu Shuzhen , Zhou Quan , Shi Feng , Li Yanping , Song Qingkun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The expression of PD-L1 in the immune microenvironment can guide the application of immunosuppressants. In order to monitor the immune status of the body, repeated biopsies have to be taken. Our research aims to find new and convenient means to evaluate this indicator.

Methods
Eighty-three cases of newly diagnosed operable breast cancer without receiving preoperative treatment, were recruited from Beijing Shijitan Hospital between November 2018 and November 2019. The expression of PD-1/PD-L1 on circulating T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry and the expression of PD-L1 on immune cells in tumor microenvironment was detected by immunohistochemistry.

Results
The median percentage of positive PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on circulating T lymphocytes was 15.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The peripheral PD-1 had no relationship with clinicopathological characteristics, but the peripheral PD-L1 expression had a correlation with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.005) and Her-2 expression (p = 0.034) (p < 0.05). The positive rate of PD-L1 expression was 32.9% in tumor microenvironment. PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment had a significant correlation with PD-1/PD-L1 expression on circulating T lymphocytes, the correlation coefficients being 0.24 (p < 0.05) and 0.26 (p < 0.05), respectively. To predict the PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.65 and 0.66 for peripheral PD-1 and PD-L1, respectively. High level of peripheral PD-1/PD-L1 expression was associated with the odds ratios of 5.42 and 4.76 for positive PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment.

Conclusion
Peripheral PD-1/PD-L1 expression had a significant consistency with PD-L1 expression in tumor microenvironment and could act as an alternative choice of tissue detection, for the patients intolerable of biopsy.
Modified subcostal arch xiphoid thoracoscopic expanded thymectomy for thymic carcinoma: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Liu Yang , Zhuang Wenmao , Zhao Yinghao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThymic neoplasms are a relatively uncommon tumor, with the anterior mediastinum being the most common. Median sternotomy is the procedure of choice for the treatment of thymomas. With the advent of thoracoscopy, an increasing number of countries are adopting the right thoracic approach for the treatment of thymomas, but there are still no clear surgical standards or modalities to treat thymic carcinoma. We propose a modified subxiphoid subcostal arch thoracoscopic enlarged thymectomy to treat thymic carcinoma based on various reviews. We have also reviewed the relevant literature on the subject of evidence-based medicine. The evaluation of CD70 in combination with CD5 and CD117 or preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma in combination with CD5 and CD117 may help to diagnose thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) more accurately. The modified thoracoscopic expanded thymic resection under the costal arch of the xiphoid process is not only suitable for TSCC but also for thymic cyst, thymoma, locally invasive thymoma, and thymic carcinoma.
Evaluating the national system for rare diseases in China from the point of drug access: progress and challenges
Authors: Qiao Luyao , Liu Xin , Shang Junmei , Zuo Wei , Xu Tingting , Qu Jinghan , Jiang Jiandong , Zhang Bo , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
There are about 7000 rare diseases worldwide, of which only 5% of the diseases can be treated with medicines, showing that it’s important to improve patient access to orphan drugs. Recently, China has actively worked to set up a national system for rare diseases to improve the diagnosis and treatment capabilities and ensure the accessibility of drugs. However, the benefits of the system have yet not to be measured. This study aimed to provide an overview of orphan drug access based on the Compendium of China’s First List of Rare Diseases and National Network to Collaborate on Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Diseases, expecting to map a blueprint for orphan drug access in China.

Methods
Framework of China’s national system for rare diseases was summarized. We surveyed the availability and affordability of 79 approved orphan drugs based on the Compendium of China’s First List of Rare Diseases in 30 leading provincial institutions from 2017 to 2020. The availability was measured annually at 3 levels (market, hospital and drug), and affordability was reflected by comparing costs of daily defined dose with per capita income of urban and rural residents, with the National Basic Medical Insurance considered.

Results
The market availability of orphan drugs in China showed an upward trend. As of 2020, the median hospital-level availability was 41.1% (increased by 1.5 times), highly available drugs increased by 16.5%. There were 64/74 orphan drugs that were affordable to rural/urban residents with the National Basic Medical Insurance considered (an increase of 14.1%), and the urban–rural gap of affordability ratio was narrowed (down by 6.0%). Comprehensive analysis showed the proportions of drugs with better availability and affordability in urban and rural areas by 2020 were 39.4% and 32.3%, respectively, which had increased but were still at a low level.

Conclusions
China’s national system for rare diseases has made great progress in orphan drug access, indicating that it’s been functioning under the joint reformation of medical treatment, medical insurance and medicines supply. The list of rare diseases will be updated and collaboration in networks will be enhanced to further improve the system.
UBE2T regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition through the PI3K-AKT pathway and plays a carcinogenic role in ovarian cancer
Authors: Cui Ping , Li Hao , Wang Can , Liu Yuan , Zhang Mengjun , Yin Yue , Sun Zhenxing , Wang Yiru , Chen Xiuwei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Ubiquitin-binding enzyme E2T (UBE2T), a member of the E2 family of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, is associated with tumorigenesis of varioustumours; however, its role and mechanism in ovarian cancer remain unclear.

Results
Our study revealed that UBE2T is highly expressed in ovarian cancer; this high expression was closely related to poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate the high expression of UBE2T in ovarian cancer. This is the first study to demonstrate that UBE2T expression is higher in ovarian cancer with BRCA mutation. Moreover, we demonstrated that UBE2T gene silencing significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway were significantly inhibited. Adding the mechanistic target of rapamycin activator MHY1485 activated the PI3K-AKT pathway and significantly restored the proliferative and invasive ability of ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, a tumorigenesis experiment in nude mice revealed that tumour growth on mice body surface and tumour tissue EMT were significantly inhibited after UBE2T gene silencing.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that UBE2T regulates EMT via the PI3K-AKT pathway and plays a carcinogenic role in ovarian cancer. Moreover, UBE2T may interact with BRCA to affect ovarian cancer occurrence and development. Hence, UBE2T may be a valuable novel biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Further, UBE2T inhibition may be effective for treating ovarian cancer.
Modifier genes and Lynch syndrome: some considerations
Authors: Scott Rodney J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLynch Syndrome (LS) is a highly variable entity with some patients presenting at very young ages with malignancy whereas others may never develop a malignancy yet carry an unequivocal genetic predisposition to disease. The most frequent LS malignancy remains colorectal cancer, a disease that is thought to involve genetic as well as environmental factors in its aetiology. Environmental insults are undeniably associated with cancer risk, especially those imparted by such activities as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Notwithstanding, in an inherited predisposition the expected exposures to an environmental insult are considered to be complex and require knowledge about the respective exposure and how it might interact with a genetic predisposition. Typically, smoking is one of the major confounders when considering environmental factors that can influence disease expression on a background of significant genetic risk. In addition to environmental triggers, the risk of developing a malignancy for people carrying an inherited predisposition to disease can be influenced by additional genetic factors that do not necessarily segregate with a disease predisposition allele. The purpose of this review is to examine the current state of modifier gene detection in people with a genetic predisposition to develop LS and present some data that supports the notion that modifier genes are gene specific thus explaining why some modifier gene studies have failed to identify associations when this is not taken into account.
Defining the relationship between pain intensity and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a secondary analysis of six studies
Authors: Ibrahim Fowzia , Ma Margaret , Scott David L. , Scott Ian C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Pain is the main concern of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while reducing disease activity dominates specialist management. Disease activity assessments like the disease activity score for 28 joints with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) omit pain creating an apparent paradox between patients’ concerns and specialists’ treatment goals. We evaluated the relationship of pain intensity and disease activity in RA with three aims: defining associations between pain intensity and disease activity and its components, evaluating discordance between pain intensity and disease activity, and assessing temporal changes in pain intensity and disease activity.

Methods
We undertook secondary analyses of five trials and one observational study of RA patients followed for 12 months. The patients had early and established active disease or sustained low disease activity or remission. Pain was measured using 100-mm visual analogue scales. Individual patient data was pooled across all studies and by types of patients (early active, established active and established remission). Associations of pain intensity and disease activity were evaluated by correlations (Spearman’s), linear regression methods and Bland-Altman plots. Discordance was assessed by Kappa statistics (for patients grouped into high and low pain intensity and disease activity). Temporal changes were assessed 6 monthly in different patient groups.

Results
A total of 1132 patients were studied: 490 had early active RA, 469 had established active RA and 173 were in remission/low disease activity. Our analyses showed, firstly, that pain intensity is associated with disease activity in general, and particularly with patient global assessments, across all patient groups. Patient global assessments were a reasonable proxy for pain intensity. Secondly, there was some discordance between pain intensity and disease activity across all disease activity levels, reflecting similar discrepancies in patient global assessments. Thirdly, there were strong temporal relationships between changes in disease activity and pain intensity. When mean disease activity fell, mean pain intensity scores also fell; when mean disease activity increased, there were comparable increases in pain intensity.

Conclusions
These findings show pain intensity is an integral part of disease activity, though it is not measured directly in DAS28-ESR. Reducing disease activity is crucial for reducing pain intensity in RA.
Subclinical systolic and diastolic myocardial dysfunction in polyphasic polymyositis/dermatomyositis: a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Péter Andrea , Balogh Ágnes , Csanádi Zoltán , Dankó Katalin , Griger Zoltan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cardiac involvement in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk; however, little is known about the progression of cardiac dysfunction and long-term data are scarce. In the present work, we intended to prospectively study echocardiographic parameters in patients with IIM for 2 years.

Methods
Twenty-eight IIM patients (41.9±1.6 years) without cardiovascular symptoms were enrolled. Patients with monophasic/polyphasic disease patterns were studied separately and compared to age-matched healthy individuals. Conventional echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters of systolic [LV: ejection fraction (EF), mitral annulus systolic movement (MAPSE), lateral s′) and diastolic left (mitral inflow velocities, lateral anulus velocities: e′, a′, E/e′) and right ventricular function (fractional area change: FAC, tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion: TAPSE) were measured at the time of the diagnosis and 2 years later.

Results
Subclinical LV systolic dysfunction is characterized by reduced lateral s′ (10.4 vs. 6.4 cm/s, p<0.05), EF (62.6±0.6%, vs. 51.7±0.7%) and MAPSE (18.5±0.6 vs. 14.5±0.6 mm) could be observed in IIM patients with polyphasic disease course 2 years after diagnosis compared to controls. Furthermore, diastolic LV function showed a marked deterioration to grade I diastolic dysfunction at 2 years in the polyphasic group (lateral e′: 12.9 ±0.6, vs. 7.4±0.3 cm/s; lateral a′: 10.7±0.3, vs. 17.3±0.8 cm/s; p<0.05) supported by larger left atrium (32.1±0.6 vs. 37.8±0.6 mm; p<0.05]. TDI measurements confirmed subclinical RV systolic dysfunction in polyphasic patients 2 years after diagnosis (FAC: 45.6±1.8%, vs. 32.7±1.4%; TAPSE: 22.7±0.5, vs. 18.1±0.3 mm; p<0.05). Similar, but not significant tendencies could be detected in patients with monophasic disease patterns. Polyphasic patients showed significantly (p<0.05) worse results compared to monophasic patients regarding EF (51.7±0.7% vs. 58.1±0.6%), lateral s′ (6.4±0.4 cm/sec vs. 8.6±0.4 cm/s,), left atrium (37.8±0.6 mm vs. 33.3±0.8 mm), FAC (32.7±1.4% vs. 41.0±1.6%) and TAPSE (18.1±0.3 mm vs. 21.3±0.7 mm).

Conclusions
Significant subclinical cardiac dysfunction could be detected in IIM patients with polyphasic disease course 2 years after diagnosis, which identifies them as a high-risk population. TDI is a useful method to detect echocardiographic abnormalities in IIM complementing conventional echocardiography and can recognize the high cardiac risk.
A case study of adapting a health insurance decision intervention from trial into routine cancer care
Authors: Charles Miles E. , Kuroki Lindsay M. , Baumann Ana A. , Tabak Rachel G. , James Aimee , Cooksey Krista , Politi Mary C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study adaptedImproving Cancer Patients’ Insurance Choices(I Can PIC),an intervention to help cancer patients navigate health insurance decisions and care costs. The original intervention improved knowledge and confidence making insurance decisions,however, users felt limited by choices provided in insurance markets. Using decision trees and frameworks to guide adaptations, we modifiedI Can PICto focus onusingrather thanchoosinghealth insurance. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unforeseen obstacles, prompting changes to study protocols. As a result, we allowed users outside of the study to useI Can PIC(> 1050 guest users) to optimize public benefit. This paper describes the steps took to conduct the study, evaluating both the effectiveness ofI Can PICand the implementation process to improve its impact.ResultsAlthoughI Can PICusers had higher knowledge and health insurance literacy compared to the control group, results were not statistically significant. This outcome may be associated with systems-level challenges as well as the number and demographic characteristics of participants. The publicly available tool can be a resource for those navigating insurance and care costs, and researchers can use this flexible approach to intervention delivery and testing as future health emergencies arise.
Factorization of Hilbert operators
Authors: Roopaei Hadi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this research, we introduce some factorization for Hilbert operators of order n based on two important classes of Hausdorff operators, Cesàro and gamma. These factorizations lead us to some new inequalities, one is a generalized version of Hilbert’s inequality. Moreover, as an application of our factorization, we compute the norm of Hilbert operators on some matrix domains.
Long-term waist circumference trajectories and body mass index with all-cause mortality in older Chinese adults: a prospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: Liu Ruru , Dang Shaonong , Zhao Yaling , Yan Hong , Han Yuewen , Mi Baibing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
Abdominal obesity has been linked to risk of mortality, but whether and how trajectory of waist circumstance (WC) underpins this association remains unclear. The study aimed to identify long-term WC change trajectories and examine their association and joint effect with body mass index (BMI) on mortality among Chinese older adults.

Methods
This present study included participants 60 years of age or older from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2015. The duration of follow-up was defined as period from the first to latest visit date attended with information on mortality, end of follow-up, or loss to follow-up (censoring). Latent class trajectory analysis (LCTA) was used to assess the changes of WC trajectories overtime. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence internal (CIs) for mortality.

Results
A total of 2601 participants with 8700 visits were included, and 562 mortality (21.6%) occurred during a median follow-up of 8.7 years. Using a group-based modeling approach, four distinct trajectories of WC change among Chinese older adults were identified as loss (13.5%), stable (46.8%), moderate gain (31.2%) and substantial gain (8.5%). With WC stable group as reference, the multivariable adjusted HRs for mortality were 1.34(95%CI:1.01-1.78) in loss group, 1.13(0.91-1.41) in moderate gain and 1.54(1.12-2.12) in substantial gain group. Compared with participants with normal BMI at baseline and maintained WC stable, the risk of mortality generally increased for all WC change group in initial overweight/obesity individuals, and the highest risk were observed for WC loss and stable pattern (HR:2.43, 95%CI: 1.41–4.19; HR:1.67 (1.07–2.60)).

Conclusions
In older Chinese, both long-term WC loss and substantial gain conferred excess risk for mortality. The baseline BMI might modify the effect as overweight individuals had a greater risk imposed by WC loss than those in normal weight. Maintaining stable WC and normal weight might be necessary to reduce the risk of mortality.
Mysterious faces of hybridisation: an anticipatory approach for crisis literacy
Authors: Karjalainen Joni , Heinonen Sirkka , Taylor Amos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOur complex world is changing at such a pace that we are struggling to address many of the global challenges ahead of us. As one of its symptoms, hybridisation means that fields, functions, characteristics and roles are increasingly combined and fused. This paper is an opening to the study of hybridisation, as an overlooked topic in the field of futures studies and foresight. We explore how hybridisation could be integrated into foresight through identification and interpretation of emerging issues and weak signals. As our case study, we examined how hybridisation manifests in the urban texture. We performed an anticipatory analysis of three hybrid urban spaces of pioneering architecture. We assumed a view to hybridity that considered diverse futures, images of the future, and open futures to detect what is opening or closing. Coming to terms with hybridisation and its expressions may inform action on anticipatory governance by improving the detection of opportunities, risks and crises. Deeper understanding of budding developments that removes ambiguity may be a nudge towards novel solutions and promote futures resilience.
Selection of DNA aptamer and its application as an electrical biosensor for Zika virus detection in human serum
Authors: Park Goeun , Lee Myoungro , Kang Jiatong , Park Chulwhan , Min Junhong , Lee Taek 
Published: September 2022

AbstractZika virus is a highly infectious virus that is part of the flavivirus group. Precise diagnosis of the Zika virus is significant issue for controlling a global pandemic after the COVID-19 era. For the first time, we describe a zika virus aptamer-based electrical biosensor for detecting Zika virus in human serum. The electrical biosensor composed of a Zika virus aptamer/MXene nanoparticle heterolayer on Au micro-gap electrode (AuMGE)/print circuit board (PCB) system. The Zika virus aptamer was designed to bind the envelope protein of the Zika virus by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. The binding affinity of the aptamer was determined by fluorescence. For improving the sensor signal sensitivity, Ti3C2Tx MXene was introduced to surface of Au micro-gap electrode (AuMGE). The immobilization process was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The prepared aptamer/MXene immobilized on AuMGE can detect the Zika virus through capacitance change according to the target concentration. The capacitance signal from the biosensor increased linearly according to increment of envelope proteins in the human serum. The limit of detection was determined to 38.14 pM, and target proteins could be detected from 100 pM to 10 μM. Thus, the developed electrical aptabiosensor can be a useful tool for Zika virus detection.