bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a Wizard-of-Oz Required for Robot-Led Conversation Practice in a Second Language?
Authors: Engwall Olov , Lopes José , Cumbal Ronald 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe large majority of previous work on human-robot conversations in a second language has been performed with a human wizard-of-Oz. The reasons are that automatic speech recognition of non-native conversational speech is considered to be unreliable and that the dialogue management task of selecting robot utterances that are adequate at a given turn is complex in social conversations. This study therefore investigates if robot-led conversation practice in a second language with pairs of adult learners could potentially be managed by an autonomous robot. We first investigate how correct and understandable transcriptions of second language learner utterances are when made by a state-of-the-art speech recogniser. We find both a relatively high word error rate (41%) and that a substantial share (42%) of the utterances are judged to be incomprehensible or only partially understandable by a human reader. We then evaluate how adequate the robot utterance selection is, when performed manually based on the speech recognition transcriptions or autonomously using (a) predefined sequences of robot utterances, (b) a general state-of-the-art language model that selects utterances based on learner input or the preceding robot utterance, or (c) a custom-made statistical method that is trained on observations of the wizard’s choices in previous conversations. It is shown that adequate or at least acceptable robot utterances are selected by the human wizard in most cases (96%), even though the ASR transcriptions have a high word error rate. Further, the custom-made statistical method performs as well as manual selection of robot utterances based on ASR transcriptions. It was also found that the interaction strategy that the robot employed, which differed regarding how much the robot maintained the initiative in the conversation and if the focus of the conversation was on the robot or the learners, had marginal effects on the word error rate and understandability of the transcriptions but larger effects on the adequateness of the utterance selection. Autonomous robot-led conversations may hence work better with some robot interaction strategies.
Die Relevanz von Sozialkapitalindikatoren für die Mitgliederbindung in Zeiten von Corona
Authors: Burrmann Ulrike , Sielschott Stephan , Braun Sebastian 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungBereits vor der Corona-Pandemie berichteten immer mehr Sportvereine von zurückgehenden Mitgliederzahlen, episodischen Engagements und Schwierigkeiten bei der Gewinnung und Bindung von freiwillig Engagierten. Angesichts der komplexen Einschränkungen der Sportvereins- und geselligen Aktivitäten während der Corona-Pandemie stellt sich die Frage, wie diese außergewöhnliche soziale Situation die Mitgliederbindung in Vereinen beeinflusst hat und welche Bedeutung dem Sozialkapital zukommt. Der vorliegende Beitrag, in dem die Mitgliederbindung nach der Corona-Pandemie abgeschätzt werden soll, greift eine Forschungslücke auf, wobei v. a. die Relevanz von verschiedenen Sozialkapitalindikatoren betrachtet wird. Basis der empirischen Analysen bildet eine repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragung, die Ende 2020/Anfang 2021 durchgeführt wurde. Die Mitgliederbindung der Sportvereinsmitglieder ist nach wie vor recht hoch. Sozialkapitalindikatoren, die sich eng auf den Sportverein beziehen, erklären wenig zur Vorhersage der Mitgliederbindung. Neben den im Verein wahrgenommenen Reziprozitätsnormen erhöhen Hilfsbereitschaft und Ingroup-Vertrauen die Bindung an den Verein, während Geselligkeitsorientierung und Outgroup-Vertrauen die Wahrscheinlichkeit verringern, auch nach der Pandemie noch Mitglied im Verein zu sein. Unter Einbeziehung aller Prädiktoren erhöht sich die Modellgüte auf knapp 26 %. Neben wenigen soziodemographischen Merkmalen tragen v. a. mitgliedschaftsbezogene Merkmale (z. B. Krisenmanagement des Vereins) zur Varianzaufklärung bei. Hilfsbereitschaft, Outgroup-Vertrauen und tendenziell auch Geselligkeitsorientierung stellen im Gesamtmodell die einzigen bedeutsamen Sozialkapitalindikatoren dar, wenngleich sie mit beachtlichen Gewichten zur Varianzaufklärung beitragen.
Fluid Resonance Between Twin Floating Barges with Roll Motion Under Wave Action
Authors: Li Shu , Teng Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe wave-induced fluid resonance between twin side-by-side rectangular barges coupled with the roll motion of the twin barges is investigated by both numerical simulation and physical model test. A 2D numerical wave flume, based on an open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package OpenFOAM, is applied for the numerical simulation. After numerical validations and convergent verifications, the characteristics of the fluid resonance in the gap between the twin rolling side-by-side barges are examined. The resonant frequency of the oscillating fluid in the gap between the twin rolling barges decreases compared with that between the twin fixed barges. Generally, the twin barges roll in the opposite directions, and their equilibrium positions lean oppositely with respect to the initial vertical direction. A physical model test is carried out for a further investigation, in which the twin barges are set oppositely leaning and fixed. From the present experimental results, a linear decrease of the resonant frequency with the increasing leaning angle is found. Combined with the numerical results, the deflection of the equilibrium positions of the twin barges is a relevant factor for the resonant frequency. Besides, the effects of the gap width and incident wave height on the fluid resonance coupled with roll motion are examined.
Multimorbidity prevalence and patterns and their associations with health literacy among chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Gurgel do Amaral M. S. , Reijneveld S. A. , Meems L. M. G. , Almansa J. , Navis G. J. , de Winter A. F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Health literacy is the ability to deal with information related to one’s health. Patients with low health literacy have poor disease-management skills for chronic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). This could influence the number and combination of their diseases.

Methods
We included adult patients with CKD stages 1–5 from the Lifelines Study (n = 2,742). We assessed the association between low health literacy and the number and patterns of comorbidities, considering them globally and stratified by age and sex, using multinomial logistic regression and latent class analysis, respectively.

Results
Low health literacy was associated with a higher number of comorbidities in the crude models, and after adjustment for age, sex, eGFR, smoking, and BMI. In the crude model, the OR for low health literacy increased from 1.71 (1.25–2.33) for two comorbidities to 2.71 (2.00–3.68) for four comorbidities. In the fully-adjusted model, the associations remained significant with a maximum OR of 1.70 (1.16–2.49) for four comorbidities. The patterns of multimorbidity were similar for low and adequate health literacy, overall and by sex, bur tended to be different for patients older than 65. Older patients with low health literacy had higher comorbidity prevalence and a relatively greater share of cardiovascular, psychiatric, and central nervous system diseases.

Conclusions
Among CKD patients, low health literacy is associated with more multimorbidity. Health literacy is not associated with patterns of multimorbidity in younger patients, but a difference was observed in older ones. Improving low health literacy could be an intervention efficient also in decreasing multimorbidity in CKD patients.

Graphical abstract
TVS: a trusted verification scheme for office documents based on blockchain
Authors: Zhai Xue , Pang Shanchen , Wang Min , Qiao Sibo , Lv Zhihan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo realize the encryption of document information, authority authentication, and traceability of historical records, we propose a trusted verification scheme (TVS) for office documents to ensure security. Specifically, the scheme is realized by timestamps, smart contracts (or chaincode), and other blockchain technologies. It is based on the features of blockchain, such as security, credibility, immutability, and traceability of network behavior. And the TVS stores users and documents information through blockchain; it can monitor the state changes of office documents in real time by setting the trigger conditions of smart contracts. The experiment indicates that we have realized the real-time monitoring of data and the traceability of historical records. Moreover, we have achieved the purpose of document encryption and authority authentication, ensuring the authenticity and objectivity of data, avoiding the illegal tampering of malicious users to realize the trusted verification for documents.
Dimensioning of a permanent magnet synchronous machine for electric vehicles according to performance and integration requirements
Authors: Künzler Moritz , Pflüger Robin , Lehmann Robert , Werner Quentin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFinding the optimum design of electrical machines for a certain purpose is a time-consuming task. First results can be achieved, however, with scaling known machine designs in length and turns per coil by means of analytical equations, while scaling in diameter requires finite element analysis (FEA), since electromagnetic properties change significantly. In this paper, the influence of diameter, length and turns per coil on the torque, power and efficiency of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) are investigated in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, their impact on energy consumption in different drive cycles and different vehicle types is outlined. A highway car and a city car are compared in a highway cycle, a city cycle and the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle test Cycle. The results describe significant differences in energy consumption for different machine designs in one application but also between different applications. This highlights the necessity to decide whether or not the powertrain should be optimized for a single purpose or for universal use.
Microbiological quality analysis of inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium spp. and Azospirillum brasilense produced “on farm” reveals high contamination with non-target microorganisms
Authors: Bocatti Camila Rafaeli , Ferreira Eduara , Ribeiro Renan Augusto , de Oliveira Chueire Ligia Maria , Delamuta Jakeline Renata Marçon , Kobayashi Renata Katsuko Takayama , Hungria Mariangela , Nogueira Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The use of inoculants carrying diazotrophic and other plant growth–promoting bacteria plays an essential role in the Brazilian agriculture, with a growing use of microorganism-based bioproducts. However, in the last few years, some farmers have multiplied microorganisms in the farm, known as “on farm” production, including inoculants of Bradyrhizobium spp. for soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill.) and Azospirillum brasilense for corn (Zea mays L.) or co-inoculation in soybean. The objective was to assess the microbiological quality of such inoculants concerning the target microorganisms and contaminants. In the laboratory, 18 samples taken in five states were serial diluted and spread on culture media for obtaining pure and morphologically distinct colonies of bacteria, totaling 85 isolates. Molecular analysis based on partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 25 genera of which 44% harbor species potentially pathogenic to humans; only one of the isolates was identified as Azospirillum brasilense, whereas no isolate was identified as Bradyrhizobium. Among 34 isolates belonging to genera harboring species potentially pathogenic to humans, 12 had no resistance to antibiotics, six presented intrinsic resistance, and 18 presented non-intrinsic resistance to at least one antibiotic. One of the samples analyzed with a shotgun-based metagenomics approach to check for the microbial diversity showed several genera of microorganisms, mainly Acetobacter (~ 32% of sequences) but not the target microorganism. The samples of inoculants produced on farm were highly contaminated with non-target microorganisms, some of them carrying multiple resistances to antibiotics.
A Space-Time Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Wave Equation
Authors: Shukla Poorvi , van der Vegt J. J. W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA new higher-order accurate space-time discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method using the interior penalty flux and discontinuous basis functions, both in space and in time, is presented and fully analyzed for the second-order scalar wave equation. Special attention is given to the definition of the numerical fluxes since they are crucial for the stability and accuracy of the space-time DG method. The theoretical analysis shows that the DG discretization is stable and converges in a DG-norm on general unstructured and locally refined meshes, including local refinement in time. The space-time interior penalty DG discretization does not have a CFL-type restriction for stability. Optimal order of accuracy is obtained in the DG-norm if the mesh size h and the time step $$\Delta t$$

Δ
t

satisfy $$h\cong C\Delta t$$

h
≅
C
Δ
t

, with C a positive constant. The optimal order of accuracy of the space-time DG discretization in the DG-norm is confirmed by calculations on several model problems. These calculations also show that for pth-order tensor product basis functions the convergence rate in the $$L^\infty$$

L
∞

and $$L^2$$

L
2

-norms is order $$p+1$$

p
+
1

for polynomial orders $$p=1$$

p
=
1

and $$p=3$$

p
=
3

and order p for polynomial order $$p=2$$

p
=
2

.
Negotiating Stakeholder Relationships in a Regional Circular Economy: Discourse Analysis of Multi-scalar Policies and Company Statements from the North of England
Authors: Newsholme Aodhan , Deutz Pauline , Affolderbach Julia , Baumgartner Rupert J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCircular economy (CE) literature discusses the need for cooperation between different stakeholders to promote a CE; there is also an assumption regarding the benefits of loop closing on a local or regional scale. However, the potentially conflicting priorities, understandings, and expectations of the stakeholders involved have not been sufficiently addressed. Regional (or local) authorities have a responsibility to promote prosperity for stakeholders in their administrative region, within the constraints of national policy; conversely companies can have financial imperatives associated with stakeholders who may be globally distributed. Evidence of these conflicting priorities, the various positions stakeholder take, and their expectations of each other can be seen in the language choices regional actors make in their public-facing policy and report documents. The aim of the paper is to consider the challenges for creating a regional-scale CE that might arise from the differing priorities and values of companies and public agencies relating to specific places. It uses discourse analysis (including critical approaches) to examine how policy and business documents represent the stakeholders of the CE, their place in it, their priorities, and, importantly, the relationship between CE actors, focusing on the case of North Humberside on the North East coast of England. The plans set out in these reports are designed for external stakeholders and allow us to gain an insight into company and policy thinking in relation to CE developments in the coming years, including how they view each other’s roles. Findings indicate a shared motivation across scales and sectors for the CE as a means towards sustainable growth within which business plays a central role. However, there is a critical double disjuncture between different visions for implementation. First, between policy scales, a regional-scale CE is prioritised by regional policymakers, who have an interest in economic advantage being tied to a specific place and call for national scale support for their actions. Second, between regional policymakers and business, companies focus on their own internal operations and potential supply chain collaborations, with little attention given to the regional scale. This can be seen in the way organisations represent the actors of a nascent CE differently. In addition, a hegemonic business-focused growth discourse excludes other visions of the CE; the public are relegated to a passive role primarily as consumers and recipients of under-specified “opportunities” of wealth creation. CE theorisations need to incorporate and address these critical perspectives in order to support the development of strategies to overcome them.
Kids With Altitude: Acute Mountain Sickness and Changes in Body Mass and Total Body Water in Children Travelling to 3800 m
Authors: Rieger Matt , Algaze Isabel , Rodriguez-Vasquez Adriana , Smith Kurt , Stembridge Mike , Smith Brianne , Radom-Aizik Shlomit , McManus Alison 
Published: January 2022

Introduction We explored the incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and extravascular lung water (ELW) in children in relation to changes in body composition and peripheral blood oxygenation (SpO2) during 1 week of acclimatization to 3800 m. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 10 children (7 female, ages 7–14 y) and 10 sex-matched adults (ages 23–44 y) traveled via automobile from sea level to 3000 m for 2 nights, followed by 4 nights at 3800 m. Each morning, body mass and body water (bioelectrical impedance), SpO2 (pulse oximetry), AMS (Lake Louise Questionnaire), and ELW (transthoracic echocardiography) were measured. Results No differences were found between children and adults in SpO2 or ELW. At 3800 m 7 of 10 children were AMS+ vs 4 of 10 adults. Among those AMS+ at 3800 m, the severity was greater in children compared to adults (5±1 vs 3 ± 0; P=0.005). Loss of body mass occurred more quickly in children (day 5 vs day 7) and to a greater extent (–7±3% vs –2±2%; P<0.001); these changes were mediated via a larger relative loss in total body water in children than in adults (–6±5% vs –2±2%; P=0.027). Conclusions Children demonstrated a higher incidence of AMS than adults, with greater severity among those AMS+. The loss of body water and body mass at high altitude was also greater in children, albeit unrelated to AMS severity. In addition to awareness of AMS, strategies to maintain body weight and hydration in children traveling to high altitudes should be considered.
Heterogeneous Spatial Effects of FDI on CO2 Emissions in China
Authors: Lin Hang , Wang Xingyu , Bao Ge , Xiao Huijuan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the world’s largest CO2 emitter, China’s emission reduction is the key to mitigating global climate change. Global investment capital, as a significant influencing factor of emissions, greatly contributes to China’s economic growth and stimulates frequent interprovincial trade since the reform and opening. However, the spatial correlation of foreign investment and CO2 emissions across Chinese provinces is rarely considered. This paper explores the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in emission reduction in China during 2004–2015 using the spatial Durbin economic models with two‐way fixed effects. Then, the partial differential equations decomposition of the local and spatial spillover effects is conducted for capturing the marginal effects of influencing factors. Results show that FDI contributes to emission reduction for the whole country, whereas interprovincial transmission and intra‐provincial transmission show significant heterogeneity. Specifically, FDI increases emissions in host areas, while FDI provides positive environmental externalities to adjacent areas through spatial spillovers. Our findings provide a new perspective to explain the coexistence of the “Pollution Haven” and “Pollution Halo” theories in a country. Also, the exploration of spatial spillover effects of FDI on emissions can provide a reference for other countries with rising trade and investment flows to promote collaborative emission reduction.
Formation of Rolling‐Pin Distribution of Suprathermal Electrons Behind Dipolarization Fronts
Authors: Fu W. D. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Yu Y. , Chen Z. Z. , Xu Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rolling‐pin distribution of suprathermal electrons, exhibiting electron pitch angles primarily at 0°, 90°, and 180°, receives attention in both observations and simulations recently. However, its formation mechanism has rarely been studied. In this work, we report an observation of such distribution with two substructures behind the dipolarization front (DF) and reveal that only Fermi mechanism is contributory to suprathermal electron acceleration. We present a new explanation for its formation. The Fermi mechanism accelerates parallel and antiparallel suprathermal electrons, the spatially varying magnetic bottles control the emergence of perpendicular electrons, and electrons whose pitch angle around 45° and 135° drift away in the middle magnetotail. Under the combination of these mechanisms, the rolling‐pin distribution with two substructures is formed behind DFs. This formation mechanism is useful to understand the electron dynamics behind DFs.
Relation of Jupiter's Dawnside Main Emission Intensity to Magnetospheric Currents During the Juno Mission
Authors: Nichols J. D. , Cowley S. W. H. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe compare Jupiter's dawn‐side main auroral emission intensity observed by the Hubble Space Telescope with the simultaneous magnitude of the dawn‐side magnetospheric equatorial radial current as observed by Juno during Orbits 3–7. We show that the peak auroral intensity and the square of the radial current per radian of azimuth are strongly correlated with R ≈ 0.9, and that the chance that the two phenomena are unrelated is negligible. We also fit empirical profiles of the total radial current flowing per radian of azimuth to the observed values and estimate the precipitating electron energy flux during each observation, and show this exhibits a similar correlation to the current. We find 1 mW m−2 of precipitating energy flux is associated with ∼5–11 kR of auroral emission, consistent with modeling studies. This is the first demonstration of a statistical relationship between the intensity of Jupiter's auroras and the strength of the magnetospheric currents, specifically the radial current, the j × B force of which accelerates plasma in the sense of planetary rotation. This result provides compelling evidence that the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling current system at Jupiter plays a key role in powering the planet's dawn side main auroral emission. We further show that there is no association between the auroral intensity and the rate of change of the magnetic energy density outside the current sheet.