bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nordic research on health inequalities: A scoping review of empirical studies published in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2000–2021
Authors: Elstad Jon Ivar , Heggebø Kristian , Dahl Espen 
Published: June 2022

Aims: An important task for the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health is to address health inequality topics. This scoping review characterises Nordic empirical studies within this research field, published 2000–2021 by the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. Methods: Original empirical research studies using data from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and/or Sweden, which linked differences in health or health-related aspects to socioeconomic positions, immigrant status, family structures and/or residential areas, were included in the review. The initial search in the Web of Science article database resulted in 294 possibly relevant articles, and 171 were judged to comply with our criteria. Results: Only one study was based on qualitative data, while all others used either surveys or register data, or both in combination. A wide variety of outcomes was addressed. Most studies had a social causation design, but 16 studies analysed health-related mobility processes and four reported intervention results. The most common statistical method was logistic regression. Poisson, Cox and ordinary least squares regression were less used. Few studies engaged explicitly with health inequality theories or with rigorous causality designs. Conclusions: The empirical health inequality studies published by the Scandinavian Journal of Public Health are rich sources for knowledge on a large array of health and health-related inequalities in Nordic countries. Drawbacks are underuse of qualitative data, few theoretical discussions and lack of studies assessing effects of interventions and policies.
An Unusual Case of Bilateral Subperiosteal Orbital Hemorrhage
Authors: Uysal Sanem P. , Hassett Catherine E. , Dani Dhimant 
Published: June 2022

Subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage usually occurs in the setting of facial or orbital trauma. Non-traumatic subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage (NTSOH) has rarely been reported in literature. The proposed mechanism of NTSOH is the transmission of sudden increase in cranial venous pressure to the orbital veins, which are valveless. We present a case of a 37 year old right-handed woman with a past medical history significant for type 1 diabetes, end-stage renal disease, peripheral artery disease and hypertension who developed NTSOH following an elective revision of a clotted right upper extremity arteriovenous fistula. During this procedure, she had acute eye pain, bilateral complete vision loss and emesis. CT of the orbits revealed large heterogeneously hyperdense lesions in the bilateral orbital apex extending anteriorly along the roof of the orbit, concerning for hemorrhage. Cultures obtained through nasal endoscopy were negative for a bacterial or fungal infection involving the sinuses. Ophthalmology was consulted and she underwent bilateral canthotomy and lateral cantholysis. Postoperatively, she was started on systemic and topical ocular antihypertensives, as well as prophylactic antibiotics. Visual acuity remained poor with finger counting on the right eye and lack of consistent response to light on the left eye. This case highlights periprocedural increase in systemic venous pressure secondary to a fistula repair procedure as a potential cause of NTSOH.
Association Between Anesthetics and Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery: Propofol Versus Sevoflurane
Authors: Chang Jee-Eun , Min Seong-Won , Kim Hyerim , Won Dongwook , Lee Jung-Man , Kim Tae Kyong , Kim Chanho , Hwang Jin-Young 
Published: June 2022

Study designs Retrospective Observational Study Objectives: To compare the incidence of POD after propofol- and sevoflurane-based anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing spine surgery. Methods In this study, the medical records of elderly patients ≥ 65 years of age who underwent spine surgery under total intravenous anesthesia with propofol or inhalational anesthesia with sevoflurane were reviewed. The primary outcome was the incidence of POD after propofol- and sevoflurane-based anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included postoperative 30-day complications, length of postoperative hospital stay, associations of patient characteristics, and surgery- and anesthesia-related data with the development of POD, and associations of anesthetics with clinical outcomes such as postoperative 30-day complications, and length of postoperative hospital stay. Results Of the 281 patients, POD occurred in 29 patients (10.3%). POD occurred more frequently in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group (15.7% vs. 5.0%, respectively; P=.003). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that sevoflurane-based anesthesia was associated with an increased risk of POD compared with propofol-based anesthesia (odds ratio [OR], 4.120; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.549−10.954; P = .005), whereas anesthetics were not associated with postoperative 30-day complications and the length of postoperative hospital stay. Older age (OR, 1.242 CI, 1.130−1.366; P < .001) and higher mean pain score at postoperative day 1 (OR, 1.338 CI, 1.056−1.696; P = .016) were also associated with an increased risk of POD. Conclusions Propofol-based anesthesia was associated with a lower incidence of POD than sevoflurane-based anesthesia in elderly patients after spine surgery.
COVID-19-Related Knowledge and Anxiety Among Health-Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala
Authors: K. P. Lakshmi , Prasanna Preetha , Chandra Subash , G. Krishnan Arya , Babu Abhinandh , Babu Binil , Moni Merlin , Sathyapalan Dipu T. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an immense threat to both physical as well as mental health globally. The outbreak is immeasurably affecting all the communities worldwide. The pandemic fatigue has led to inadequate addressing of the impact of COVID-19 on mental health especially among the health-care workers (HCWs), mainly due to the fear of disease contraction, mortality of the condition, raised work stress, as well as the saturation of news on media and other social platforms. Prolonged confinement at home may also adversely impact mental health. Method An online survey was conducted using a developed questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge and anxiety among 118 HCWs regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital. Since the study was conducted during the period in which no standard questionnaires were available, an online questionnaire was developed based on a few articles published in indexed journals on the similar topic which was further approved by 5 experts in the field. The questionnaire along with an informed consent was sent to all the HCWs employed in the hospital to assess their knowledge and anxiety related to COVID-19. Result A total of 92.47% of participants were strongly aware that the major mechanism in COVID spread is droplet infection. An equal percentage of participants had good knowledge that the infection can always be prevented by maintaining social distance, appropriate hand washing, hand sanitizing, and using a mask. However, around 40.67% of participants avoided large meetings even in hospitals due to fear of the pandemic. Conclusion It is important to study the mental health impacts of HCWs during the pandemic. There is a need to intensify the awareness program and address the mental health issues of HCWs during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Human lungs show limited permissiveness for SARS-CoV-2 due to scarce ACE2 levels but virus-induced expansion of inflammatory macrophages
Authors: Hönzke Katja , Obermayer Benedikt , Mache Christin , Fatykhova Diana , Kessler Mirjana , Dökel Simon , Wyler Emanuel , Baumgardt Morris , Löwa Anna , Hoffmann Karen , Graff Patrick , Schulze Jessica , Mieth Maren , Hellwig Katharina , Demir Zeynep , Biere Barbara , Brunotte Linda , Mecate-Zambrano Angeles , Bushe Judith , Dohmen Melanie , Hinze Christian , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Tönnies Mario , Bauer Torsten T. , Eggeling Stephan , Tran Hong-Linh , Schneider Paul , Neudecker Jens , Rückert Jens C. , Schmidt-Ott Kai M. , Busch Jonas , Klauschen Frederick , Horst David , Radbruch Helena , Radke Josefine , Heppner Frank , Corman Victor M. , Niemeyer Daniela , Müller Marcel A. , Goffinet Christine , Mothes Ronja , Pascual-Reguant Anna , Hauser Anja Erika , Beule Dieter , Landthaler Markus , Ludwig Stephan , Suttorp Norbert , Witzenrath Martin , Gruber Achim D. , Drosten Christian , Sander Leif-Erik , Wolff Thorsten , Hippenstiel Stefan , Hocke Andreas C. 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilises the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane peptidase as cellular entry receptor. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 in the alveolar compartment is strictly ACE2-dependent and to what extent virus-induced tissue damage and/or direct immune activation determines early pathogenesis is still elusive.MethodsSpectral microscopy, single-cell/-nucleus RNA sequencing or ACE2 “gain-of-function” experiments were applied to infected human lung explants and adult stem cell derived human lung organoids to correlate ACE2 and related host factors with SARS-CoV-2 tropism, propagation, virulence and immune activation compared to SARS-CoV, influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) autopsy material was used to validateex vivoresults.ResultsWe provide evidence that alveolar ACE2 expression must be considered scarce, thereby limiting SARS-CoV-2 propagation and virus-induced tissue damage in the human alveolus. Instead,ex vivoinfected human lungs and COVID-19 autopsy samples showed that alveolar macrophages were frequently positive for SARS-CoV-2. Single-cell/-nucleus transcriptomics further revealed nonproductive virus uptake and a related inflammatory and anti-viral activation, especially in “inflammatory alveolar macrophages”, comparable to those induced by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but different from NL63 or influenza virus infection.ConclusionsCollectively, our findings indicate that severe lung injury in COVID-19 probably results from a macrophage-triggered immune activation rather than direct viral damage of the alveolar compartment.
Identification of pan-kinase-family inhibitors using graph convolutional networks to reveal family-sensitive pre-moieties
Authors: Lin Xiang-Yu , Huang Yu-Wei , Fan You-Wei , Chen Yun-Ti , Pathak Nikhil , Hsu Yen-Chao , Yang Jinn-Moon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Human protein kinases, the key players in phosphoryl signal transduction, have been actively investigated as drug targets for complex diseases such as cancer, immune disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease, with more than 60 successful drugs developed in the past 30 years. However, many of these single-kinase inhibitors show low efficacy and drug resistance has become an issue. Owing to the occurrence of highly conserved catalytic sites and shared signaling pathways within a kinase family, multi-target kinase inhibitors have attracted attention.

Results
To design and identify such pan-kinase family inhibitors (PKFIs), we proposed PKFI sets for eight families using 200,000 experimental bioactivity data points and applied a graph convolutional network (GCN) to build classification models. Furthermore, we identified and extracted family-sensitive (only present in a family) pre-moieties (parts of complete moieties) by utilizing a visualized explanation (i.e., where the model focuses on each input) method for deep learning, gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM).

Conclusions
This study is the first to propose the PKFI sets, and our results point out and validate the power of GCN models in understanding the pre-moieties of PKFIs within and across different kinase families. Moreover, we highlight the discoverability of family-sensitive pre-moieties in PKFI identification and drug design.
Testing alternative hypotheses on the origin and speciation of Hawaiian katydids
Authors: Rakesh Mohan , Aris-Brosou Stephane , Xia X. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHawaiian Islands offer a unique and dynamic evolutionary theatre for studying origin and speciation as the islands themselves sequentially formed by erupting undersea volcanos, which would subsequently become dormant and extinct. Such dynamics have not been used to resolve the controversy surrounding the origin and speciation of Hawaiian katydids in the genusBanza, whose ancestor could be from either the Old-World generaRuspoliaandEuconocephalus, or the New WorldNeoconocephalus.To address this question, we performed a chronophylogeographic analysis ofBanzaspecies together with close relatives from the Old and New Worlds.ResultsBased on extensive dated phylogeographic analyses of two mitochondrial genes (COX1andCYTB), we show that our data are consistent with the interpretation that extantBanzaspecies resulted from two colonization events, both by katydids from the Old World rather than from the New World. The first event was by an ancestral lineage ofEuconocephalusabout 6 million years ago (mya) after the formation of Nihoa about 7.3 mya, giving rise toB. nihoa.The second colonization event was by a sister lineage ofRuspolia dubia.The dating result suggests that this ancestral lineage first colonized an older island in the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain before the emergence of Hawaii Islands, but colonized Kauai after its emergence in 5.8 mya. This second colonization gave rise to the rest of theBanzaspecies in two major lineages, one on the older northwestern islands, and the other on the newer southwestern islands.ConclusionChronophylogeographic analyses with well-sampled taxa proved crucial for resolving phylogeographic controversies on the origin and evolution of species colonizing a new environment.
Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16 regulates lifespan and immune responses to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii infections
Authors: Kitisin Thitinan , Muangkaew Watcharamat , Sukphopetch Passanesh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection is primarily caused by two sibling species Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Several virulence-related factors of these cryptococci have been widely investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans, representing a facile in vivo model of host–pathogen interaction. While recent studies elucidated cryptococcal virulence factors, intrinsic host factors that affect susceptibility to infections by cryptococci remain unclear and poorly investigated.

Results
Here, we showed that defects in C. elegans insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling (IIS) pathway influenced animal lifespan and mechanisms of host resistance in cryptococcal infections, which required the activation of aging regulator DAF-16/Forkhead box O transcription factor. Moreover, accumulation of lipofuscin, DAF-16 nuclear localization, and expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) were elevated in C. elegans due to host defenses during cryptococcal infections.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated the relationship between longevity and immunity, which may provide a possibility for novel therapeutic intervention to improve host resistance against cryptococcal infections.
Systematic analysis of the sugar accumulation mechanism in sucrose- and hexose- accumulating cherry tomato fruits
Authors: Sun Lulu , Wang Jianli , Lian Liqiang , Song Jian , Du Xueni , Liu Wenke , Zhao Wenchao , Yang Liu , Li Changbao , Qin Yong , Yang Rui 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Sugar content is an important indicator of fruit quality. Except for a few wild tomato species that accumulate sucrose in the fruits, most cultivated tomato species accumulate hexose. Although several studies have focused on wild sucrose-accumulating tomato, the sucrose accumulation mechanism is still unclear.

Results
Here, two homozygous inbred cherry tomato lines (‘TB0023’ and ‘TB0278’, which accumulated sucrose and hexose, respectively) were selected to analyze the sugar accumulation mechanism. Carbohydrate analysis, cytological observation, gene expression and enzyme activity analysis and proteomics methods were used in this study. The results indicated that glucose and fructose were absolutely dominant in the soluble sugar content of hexose-accumulating cherry tomato fruit, while sucrose and a certain proportion of hexose were the main forms of soluble sugar in sucrose-accumulating cherry tomato fruit. The phloem unloading pathway of the hexose-accumulating cherry tomato fruit switched from symplastic to apoplastic during fruit development, and the sucrose-accumulating cherry tomato probably had a mixed unloading pathway involving the symplastic and apoplastic. High activity of acid invertase (AI), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS) and sugar transporters LeSUT1, SlSWEET2a and SlSWEET12c were important factors for hexose accumulation in the hexose-accumulating cherry tomato fruit, while LeSUT2, SPS, SS, SlSWEET1b, SlSWEET5b, SlSWEET11b, SlSWEET7a, SlSWEET14 were responsible for solute sugar accumulation in the sucrose-accumulating cherry tomato.

Conclusions
This study provides detailed evidence for elucidation of the tomato sugar accumulation mechanism from the perspective of cell structure, physiology and molecular biology, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of tomato quality and aiding the utilization of tomato genetic resources.
Prediction and management of strangulated bowel obstruction: a multi-dimensional model analysis
Authors: Xu Wei-xuan , Zhong Qi-hong , Cai Yong , Zhan Can-hong , Chen Shuai , Wang Hui , Lin Lin , Geng Ying-qian , Hou Ping , Chen Xian-qiang , Zhang Jun-rong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Distinguishing strangulated bowel obstruction (StBO) from simple bowel obstruction (SiBO) still poses a challenge for emergency surgeons. We aimed to construct a predictive model that could distinctly discriminate StBO from SiBO based on the degree of bowel ischemia.

Methods
The patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction were enrolled and divided into SiBO group and StBO group. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors, and then predictive models based on radiological and multi-dimensional models were constructed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to assess the accuracy of the predicted models. Via stratification analysis, we validated the multi-dimensional model in the prediction of transmural necrosis both in the training set and validation set.

Results
Of the 281 patients with SBO, 45 (16.0%) were found to have StBO, while 236(84.0%) with SiBO. The AUC of the radiological model was 0.706 (95%CI, 0.617–0.795). In the multivariate analysis, seven risk factors including pain duration ≤ 3 days (OR = 3.775), rebound tenderness (OR = 5.201), low-to-absent bowel sounds (OR = 5.006), low levels of potassium (OR = 3.696) and sodium (OR = 3.753), high levels of BUN (OR = 4.349), high radiological score (OR = 11.264) were identified. The AUC of the multi-dimensional model was 0.857(95%CI, 0.793–0.920). In the stratification analysis, the proportion of patients with transmural necrosis was significantly greater in the high-risk group (24%) than in the medium-risk group (3%). No transmural necrosis was found in the low-risk group. The AUC of the validation set was 0.910 (95%CI, 0.843–0.976). None of patients in the low-risk and medium-risk score group suffered with StBO. However, all patients with bowel ischemia (12%) and necrosis (24%) were resorted into high-risk score group.

Conclusion
The novel multi-dimensional model offers a useful tool for predicting StBO. Clinical management could be performed according to the multivariate score.
Association between the LRP5 rs556442 gene polymorphism and the risks of NAFLD and CHD in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Han Dongli , Zhang Haiying , Liu Shousheng , Zhuang Likun , Zhao Zhenzhen , Ding Hongguang , Xin Yongning 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple studies have demonstrated the involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) in metabolism-related diseases. This study explored the relationship between the LRP5 rs556442 gene polymorphism and the risks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Chinese Han population.

Methods
This retrospective case–control study included 247 patients with NAFLD, 200 patients with CHD, 118 patients with both NAFLD and CHD, and 339 healthy controls from June 2018 to June 2019 at Qingdao Municipal Hospital. Basic information and clinical characteristics were collected for all subjects. The genotype and allele frequency of LRP5 rs556442 were determined.

Results
The genotype distributions of LRP5 rs556442 differed significantly between the CHD and NAFLD + CHD groups (P < 0.05). The LRP5 rs556442 GG genotype markedly promoted the risk of NAFLD in CHD patients [odds ratio (OR) = 2.857, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.196–6.824, P = 0.018). After adjustment for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), this association remained significant (OR = 3.252, 95% CI: 1.306–8.102, P = 0.011). In addition, the LRP5 rs556442 AA + AG genotype was associated with an increased BMI in obese NAFLD patients (OR = 1.526, 95% CI: 1.004–2.319, P = 0.048). However, after adjustment for sex and age, this association was no longer significant (OR = 1.504, 95% CI: 0.991–2.282, P = 0.055).

Conclusions
This study found that the LRP5 rs556442 GG genotype increased the risk of NAFLD in CHD patients and AA + AG genotype may be associated with an increased BMI in obese NAFLD patients among a Chinese Han population.
Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800015426. Registered 28 March 2018—Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=26239.