bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum endocan levels in children with rheumatic aortic insufficiency: can it differentiate bicuspid aortic valve disease from rheumatic heart disease?
Authors: Laloğlu Fuat , Laloğlu Esra , Ceviz Naci , Güler Muhammet Akif 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAim:In this study, it was aimed to examine the serum endocan levels in patients with rheumatic aortic regurgitation and to investigate whether it has a value in differentiating it from aortic regurgitation due to bicuspid aortic valve.Methods:Blood samples were collected from patients with rheumatic aortic regurgitation (Group 1), incidentally diagnosed patients with borderline or definite rheumatic aortic regurgitation (Group 2), children with bicuspid aortic valve accompanied by aortic regurgitation (Group 3) and healthy children (Group 4) of similar age.Results:There were 12 children in Group 1, 13 in Group 2, 25 in Group 3, and 25 in Group 4. Groups were similar in terms of age (p = 0.291). There was no statistically significant difference between median serum endocan levels of Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.624), and Group 3 and Group 4 (p = 0.443). Despite that, the median serum endocan levels of Group 1 and Group 2 were significantly higher than that of both Group 3 and Group 4 (p = 0.000 for all).Conclusions:Our results indicate that serum endocan level can be used to differentiate rheumatic aortic regurgitation from non-rheumatic aortic regurgitation. It is thought that the prognostic role of this marker should be confirmed in long-term, prospective studies with larger samples.
The serial changes in myocardial functions after paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tamburacı Uslu Zehra Diyar , Ekici Filiz , Yalçın Koray , Küpesiz Alphan , Güler Elif , Dönmez Levent 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in myocardial functions in children who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation along with associated chemotherapy. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of baseline echocardiographic parameters on mortality. We evaluated 39 patients (mean age 7.4 years) who underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation owing to non-malignant disease. The control group included 39 healthy children who had normal cardiac findings. The myocardial functions were evaluated in all subjects by conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler echocardiography before haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. All patients had normal left ventricular ejection fraction before haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, except one case. Before haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the patient group had significantly greater mean pulmonary artery pressure and lower tricuspid valve annular plane excursion rate. Baseline E’ velocities for mitral lateral annuli, septum, and tricuspid lateral annuli were lower in the patient group than the control group. The E’ velocities for the left ventricle decreased in the patient group after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and then returned to baseline levels at the 6 months. E’ and S’ velocities for tricuspid lateral annuli also decreased after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and were still depressed in the first year after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Baseline E’ velocity for septum was significantly lower in patients who died after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation than patients who survived (p = 0.009). Subclinical impairment in both ventricular functions was observed after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the right ventricular functions were affected for longer periods than left ventricle after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The myocardial functions should be monitored after the first year of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Long-term vascular dysfunction in Kawasaki disease: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Patra Pratap Kumar , Banday Aaqib Zaffar , Das Rashmi Ranjan , Manohari Sumita , Jindal Ankur Kumar , Singh Surjit 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Long-term physiological dysfunction in coronary/systemic vasculature may persist in individuals with Kawasaki disease even in the absence of coronary artery abnormalities. We perform a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies assessing long-term vascular function in Kawasaki disease.Methods:PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature published till May 2021. Patients with Kawasaki disease were included as cases and healthy age/sex-matched individuals as controls. Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the study quality. Outcome measures were differences in markers of vascular function 1 year after diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. Data were analysed using Review Manager software. Comprehensive meta-analysis software was used for meta-regression. To assess the certainty of evidence, GRADE Profiler software was utilised.Results:Of 2280 citations, 49 case-control studies (comprising 2714 cases and 2118 controls) were included for data synthesis. Decreased flow-mediated dilatation [3.83, 95%CI 0.94–6.72] and increased pulse-wave velocity [39.34 cm/sec, 95%CI 20.86–57.83], arterial stiffness [0.35, 95%CI 0.11–0.59], and common carotid artery intima-media thickness were noted in patients with Kawasaki disease. No significant difference was observed for nitroglycerine-mediated dilatation and endothelial peripheral artery tonometry (endo-PAT). Significant inter-study heterogeneity was observed for flow-mediated dilatation, arterial stiffness, carotid artery intima-media thickness, and endo-PAT. The GRADE evidence was of ‘very low quality’ for all outcome measures except ‘moderate quality’ for pulse-wave velocity.Conclusions:Evidence suggests the presence of long-term endothelial dysfunction in patients with Kawasaki disease even in the absence of coronary artery abnormalities. Avoidance of development of other cardiovascular risk factors seems prudent in patients with Kawasaki disease.
Occlusion of the os of the left coronary artery by dysplastic aortic valve tissue presenting as progressive mitral insufficiency and cardiac arrest
Authors: Gunsaulus Megan E. , Das Nikkan , Weinberg Jacqueline G. , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Castro Medina Mario , DeBrunner Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMitral regurgitation in the neonatal period is relatively rare. It can be secondary to a congenital malformation of the valve apparatus or mitral valve dysfunction and deformation secondary to myocardial dysfunction or volume load of the left ventricle. Less commonly, it can be due to coronary artery abnormalities leading to mitral valve papillary muscle ischaemia and subsequent dysfunction. Such coronary artery abnormalities include anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery, left main coronary artery atresia, or a thromboembolic phenomenon. In this study, we describe a newborn with a dysplastic aortic valve causing obstruction of the os of the left coronary artery leading to progressive mitral insufficiency.
More to the story than executive function: Effortful control soon after injury predicts long-term functional and social outcomes following pediatric traumatic brain injury in young children
Authors: Smith-Paine Julia , Moscato Emily L. , Narad Megan E. , Sensenbaugh Josh , Ling Brandt , Taylor H. Gerry , Stancin Terry , Yeates Keith Owen , Wade Shari L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of early traumatic brain injury (TBI) on effortful control (EC) over time and the relationship of EC and executive functioning (EF) to long-term functional and social outcomes.Method:Parents of children (N= 206, ages 3–7) with moderate-to-severe TBI or orthopedic injuries (OIs) rated EC using the Child Behavior Questionnaire at 1 (pre-injury), 6, 12, and 18 months post-injury. Child functioning and social competence were assessed at 7 years post-injury. Mixed models examined the effects of injury, time since injury, and their interaction on EC. General linear models examined the associations of pre-injury EC and EC at 18 months with long-term functional and social outcomes. Models controlled for EF to assess the unique contribution of EC to outcomes.Results:Children with severe TBI had significantly lower EC than both the OI and moderate TBI groups at each post-injury time point. Both pre-injury and 18-month EC were associated with long-term outcomes. Among those with low EC at baseline, children with moderate and severe TBI had more functional impairment than those with OI; however, no group differences were noted at high levels of EC. EC had main effects on parent-reported social competence that did not vary by injury type.Conclusions:Findings suggest that EC is sensitive to TBI effects and is a unique predictor of functional outcomes, independent of EF. High EC could serve as a protective factor, and as such measures of EC could be used to identify children for more intensive intervention.
Precisely Picking Nanoparticles by a “Nano-Scalpel” for 360° Electron Tomography
Authors: Huang Xiaohui , Tang Yushu , Kübel Christian , Wang Di 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Electron tomography (ET) has gained increasing attention for the 3D characterization of nanoparticles. However, the missing wedge problem due to a limited tilt angle range is still the main challenge for accurate reconstruction in most experimental TEM setups. Advanced algorithms could in-paint or compensate to some extent the missing wedge artifacts, but cannot recover the missing structural information completely. 360° ET provides an option to solve this problem by tilting a needle-shaped specimen over the full tilt range and thus filling the missing information. However, sample preparation especially for fine powders to perform full-range ET is still challenging, thus limiting its application. In this work, we propose a new universal sample preparation method that enables the transfer of selected individual nanoparticle or a few separated nanoparticles by cutting a piece of carbon film supporting the specimen particles and mounting them onto the full-range tomography holder tip with the help of an easily prepared sharp tungsten tip. This method is demonstrated by 360° ET of Pt@TiO2 hollow cage catalyst showing high quality reconstruction without missing wedge.
A Question of Method and Subjective Beliefs
Authors: Grass Julia , Scherbaum Stefan , Strobel Anja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Need for Cognition (NFC) describes the relatively stable intrinsic motivation to engage in cognitive endeavors. Recent research has revealed the importance of NFC for affective adjustment, especially in combination with self-control. We followed up on those findings by addressing methodological issues as well as processes that may underlie relations of NFC to self-control. Study 1 ( N = 102) examined whether NFC is associated with self-control independently of the measure or facet considered. Implicit willpower theories, that is, subjective beliefs concerning the limitation of self-control resources, were examined as a mediator for NFC predicting self-control. Higher NFC was associated with increased trait self-control but also with believing in unlimited self-control resources. The relation of NFC to willpower theories also mediated the prediction of trait self-control. Study 2 ( N = 188) replicated relations of NFC to self-control. We further pursued the explanatory approach from Study 1 and experimentally manipulated willpower theories to provide insight into their association with NFC. Willpower theories were related to NFC but had no mediating role in predicting self-control. The experimental manipulation had no impact on situation-specific NFC. Altogether, both studies provided first evidence that relations of NFC to self-control depend on the self-control measure and that willpower theories may be crucial for explaining the association with self-control.
Modeling Lithospheric Thickness Along the Conjugate South Atlantic Passive Margins Implies Asymmetric Rift Initiation
Authors: Haas Peter , Müller R. Dietmar , Ebbing Jörg , Finger Nils‐Peter , Kaban Mikhail K. , Heine Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe lithospheric architecture of passive margins is crucial for understanding the tectonic processes that caused the breakup of Gondwana. We highlight the evolution of the South Atlantic passive margins by a simple thermal lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) model based on onset and cessation of rifting, crustal thickness, and stretching factors. We simulate lithospheric thinning and select the LAB as the T = 1,330°C isotherm, which is calculated by 1D advection and diffusion. Stretching factors and margin geometry are adjusted to state‐of‐the‐art data sets, giving a thermal LAB model that is especially designed for the continental margins of the South Atlantic. Our LAB model shows distinct variations along the passive margins that are not imaged by global LAB models, indicating different rifting mechanisms. For example, we model up to 200 km deep lithosphere in the South American Santos Basin and shallow lithosphere less than 60 km in the Namibe Basin offshore Africa. These two conjugate basins reflect a strong asymmetry in LAB depth that resembles variations in margin width. In a Gondwana reconstruction, we discuss these patterns together with seismic velocity perturbations for the Central and Austral Segments of the margins. The shallow lithosphere in the Namibe Basin correlates with signatures of the Angola Dome, attributed to epeirogenic uplift in the Neogene, suggesting an additional component of post‐breakup lithospheric thinning.
Stable Isotopes and Bayesian Tracer Mixing Model Reveal Chemical Weathering and CO2 Release in the Jiulongjiang River Basin, Southeast China
Authors: Liu Jinke , Han Guilin , Zhang Qian , Liu Man , Li Xiaoqiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLinks between erosion, chemical weathering, and atmospheric CO2 can modulate the global climate over geologic times, but the role of chemical weathering on Earth's long‐term carbon cycle is still unclear. Although silicate weathering by carbonic acid could sequester CO2, the pyrite oxidation coupled to carbonate dissolution could provide a transient source of CO2 at the same time. Landscapes with low physical erosion rate cover the majority of exposed land area, however, the concomitant weathering of silicate, carbonate, and sulfide occurring in the low erosion rate terrains is not well understood. Here, we investigate these questions by examining the river water chemistry from a catchment characterized by complex lithology and low erosion rate. Using a Bayesian tracer mixing model, elemental and isotopic ratios, we quantitatively identify the proportion of cations from silicate and carbonate weathering as well as the acid sources during weathering. We propose that the sulfuric acid from pyrite oxidation boosts both silicate and carbonate weathering, and the coupling between pyrite oxidation and silicate weathering is more pronounced as the pyrite oxidation rates increases. In doing so we determine the effect of weathering on the CO2 balance in our study area, and find that the CO2 release from pyrite oxidation coupled to carbonate dissolution overwhelms the CO2 drawdown from silicate weathering on the time scale between marine carbonate precipitation and sulfate reduction (approximately 106–107 years). Our analysis indicates that the lithology and distribution of minerals play an important role on the chemical weathering in low erosion rate terrains.
Light People: Professor Xi-Cheng Zhang
Authors: Wang Hui 
Published: September 2022

EditorialAs 5 G ever becomes a part of everyday life and 6 G is also on the agenda, terahertz technology has gradually become known by the public, and is referred to as the “third eye” for human beings to understand the world.Terahertz is considered one of the top ten technologies that will change the world due to its unique properties. In 2019, astronomers were able to observe a black hole for the first time, using a terahertz astronomical telescope. Terahertz is no longer far away from our lives, whether it is information, medicine, or food safety and other fields. It is everywhere, triggering major changes in people’s work and lifestyle.Today’s guest of Light People is an internationally renowned scholar who has been engaged in terahertz research for many years, Professor Xi-Cheng Zhang works at the University of Rochester, one of the three major optics educational centers in the United States. As a pioneer in the field of terahertz technology, after years of practice, he has successfully generated terahertz waves using water, changing how we see water with THz wave forever.Next, please follow the Light Science Editor into the terahertz world to learn about the latest and most cutting-edge science and technology and the “story” behind it.
Survival of veterans treated with enzalutamide and abiraterone for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer based on comorbid diseases
Authors: Schoen Martin W. , Carson Kenneth R. , Eisen Seth A. , Bennett Charles L. , Luo Suhong , Reimers Melissa A. , Knoche Eric M. , Whitmer Alison L. , Yan Yan , Drake Bettina F. , Sanfilippo Kristen M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Comorbid diseases influence patient outcomes, yet little is known about how comorbidities interact with treatments for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). No head-to-head trials have compared the efficacy of abiraterone and enzalutamide - oral androgen-receptor targeted agents (ARTAs) for mCRPC. In patients with comorbid disease, outcomes with ARTAs may differ due to disparate mechanisms of action, adverse events, and drug interactions.

Methods
Retrospective observational study of US veterans initiating treatment for mCRPC with abiraterone or enzalutamide between September 2014 and June 2017. Treatment duration and overall survival (OS) was compared based on age and comorbid diseases. The association between ARTA and OS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards and propensity-score matched modeling while adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on patient age, comorbidities, and subsequent treatments for mCRPC.

Results
Of 5822 veterans treated for mCRPC, 43.0% initially received enzalutamide and 57.0% abiraterone. Veterans initially treated with enzalutamide versus abiraterone were older (mean 75.8 vs. 75.0 years) with higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (4.4 vs. 4.1), and higher rates of cardiovascular disease or diabetes (74.2% vs. 70.6%). In the entire population, veterans initially treated with enzalutamide had longer median OS compared to those initially treated with abiraterone (24.2 vs. 22.1 months, p = 0.001). In veterans with cardiovascular disease or diabetes, median treatment duration with enzalutamide was longer (11.4 vs. 8.6 months, p < 0.001) with longer median OS compared to abiraterone (23.2 vs. 20.5 months, p < 0.001). In a propensity score matched cohort, enzalutamide was associated with decreased mortality compared to abiraterone (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.96).

Conclusions
Veterans with cardiovascular disease or diabetes had longer treatment duration and OS with enzalutamide compared to abiraterone. Further study of ARTA selection may benefit men with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer and likely hormone sensitive prostate cancer, especially among patients with comorbid diseases.
Defining new reference intervals for serum free light chains in individuals with chronic kidney disease: Results of the iStopMM study
Authors: Long Thorir Einarsson , Indridason Olafur Skuli , Palsson Runolfur , Rognvaldsson Sæmundur , Love Thorvardur Jon , Thorsteinsdottir Sigrun , Sverrisdottir Ingigerdur Solveig , Vidarsson Brynjar , Onundarson Pall Torfi , Agnarsson Bjarni Agnar , Sigurdardottir Margret , Thorsteinsdottir Ingunn , Olafsson Isleifur , Thordardottir Asdis Rosa , Eythorsson Elias , Jonsson Asbjorn , Gislason Gauti , Olafsson Andri , Steingrimsdottir Hlif , Hultcrantz Malin , Durie Brian G. M. , Harding Stephen , Landgren Ola , Kristinsson Sigurdur Yngvi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSerum free light chain (FLC) concentration is greatly affected by kidney function. Using a large prospective population-based cohort, we aimed to establish a reference interval for FLCs in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A total of 75422 participants of the iStopMM study were screened with serum FLC, serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine. Central 99% reference intervals were determined, and 95% confidence intervals calculated. Included were 6461 (12%) participants with measured FLCs, eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, not receiving renal replacement therapy, and without evidence of monoclonality. Using current reference intervals, 60% and 21% had kappa and lambda FLC values outside the normal range. The FLC ratio was outside standard reference interval (0.26–1.65) in 9% of participants and outside current kidney reference interval (0.37–3.10) in 0.7%. New reference intervals for FLC and FLC ratio were established. New reference intervals for the FLC ratio were 0.46–2.62, 0.48–3.38, and 0.54–3.30 for eGFR 45–59, 30–44, and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 groups, respectively. The crude prevalence of LC-MGUS in CKD patients was 0.5%. We conclude that current reference intervals for FLC and FLC ratio are inaccurate in CKD patients and propose new eGFR based reference intervals to be implemented.
Targeting of MCL-1 in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts reverses their myofibroblastic phenotype and pro-invasive properties
Authors: Bonneaud Thomas L. , Lefebvre Chloé C. , Nocquet Lisa , Basseville Agnes , Roul Julie , Weber Hugo , Campone Mario , Juin Philippe P. , Souazé Frédérique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a major cellular component of epithelial tumors. In breast cancers in particular these stromal cells have numerous tumorigenic effects in part due to their acquisition of a myofibroblastic phenotype. Breast CAFs (bCAFs) typically express MCL-1. We show here that pharmacological inhibition or knock down of this regulator of mitochondrial integrity in primary bCAFs directly derived from human samples mitigates myofibroblastic features. This decreases expression of genes involved in actomyosin organization and contractility (associated with a cytoplasmic retention of the transcriptional regulator, yes-associated protein—YAP) and decreases bCAFs ability to promote cancer cells invasion in 3D coculture assays. Our findings underscore the usefulness of targeting MCL-1 in breast cancer ecosystems, not only to favor death of cancer cells but also to counteract the tumorigenic activation of fibroblasts with which they co-evolve. Mechanistically, pharmacological inhibition of MCL-1 with a specific BH3 mimetic promotes mitochondrial fragmentation in bCAFs. Inhibition of the mitochondrial fission activity of DRP-1, which interacts with MCL-1 upon BH3 mimetic treatment, allows the maintenance of the myofibroblastic phenotype of bCAFs.