bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the causal effects of childhood and adulthood adiposity on later life mental health outcome: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pathak Sweta , Richardson Tom G. , Sanderson Eleanor , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Bhatta Laxmi , Brumpton Ben M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Obesity particularly during childhood is considered a global public health crisis and has been linked with later life health consequences including mental health. However, there is lack of causal understanding if childhood body size has a direct effect on mental health or has an indirect effect after accounting for adulthood body size.

Methods
Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to estimate the total effect and direct effect (accounting for adulthood body size) of childhood body size on anxiety and depression. We used summary statistics from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UK Biobank (n = 453,169) and large-scale consortia of anxiety (Million Veteran Program) and depression (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) (n = 175,163 and n = 173,005, respectively).

Results
Univariable MR did not indicate genetically predicted effects of childhood body size with later life anxiety (beta = − 0.05, 95% CI = − 0.13, 0.02) and depression (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.94, 1.20). However, using multivariable MR, we observed that the higher body size in childhood reduced the risk of later life anxiety (beta = − 0.19, 95% CI = − 0.29, − 0.08) and depression (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.97) upon accounting for the effect of adulthood body size. Both univariable and multivariable MR indicated that higher body size in adulthood increased the risk of later life anxiety and depression.

Conclusions
Higher body size in adulthood may increase the risk of anxiety and depression, independent of childhood higher body size. In contrast, higher childhood body size does not appear to be a risk factor for later life anxiety and depression.
Efficacy of brain-computer interface training with motor imagery-contingent feedback in improving upper limb function and neuroplasticity among persons with chronic stroke: a double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Myeong Sun , Park Hyunju , Kwon Ilho , An Kwang-Ok , Kim Hayeon , Park Gyulee , Hyung Wooseok , Im Chang-Hwan , Shin Joon-Ho 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology can enhance neural plasticity and motor recovery in persons with stroke. However, the effects of BCI training with motor imagery (MI)-contingent feedback versus MI-independent feedback remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the contingent connection between MI-induced brain activity and feedback influences functional and neural plasticity outcomes. We hypothesized that BCI training, with MI-contingent feedback, would result in greater improvements in upper limb function and neural plasticity compared to BCI training, with MI-independent feedback.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial included persons with chronic stroke who underwent BCI training involving functional electrical stimulation feedback on the affected wrist extensor. Primary outcomes included the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale score for muscle strength in the wrist extensor (MRC-WE) and active range of motion in wrist extension (AROM-WE). Resting-state electroencephalogram recordings were used to assess neural plasticity.

Results
Compared to the MI-independent feedback BCI group, the MI-contingent feedback BCI group showed significantly greater improvements in MRC-WE scores (mean difference = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.03–1.00, p = 0.036) and demonstrated increased AROM-WE at 4 weeks post-intervention (p = 0.019). Enhanced functional connectivity in the affected hemisphere was observed in the MI-contingent feedback BCI group, correlating with MRC-WE and Fugl-Meyer assessment-distal scores. Improvements were also observed in the unaffected hemisphere’s functional connectivity.

Conclusions
BCI training with MI-contingent feedback is more effective than MI-independent feedback in improving AROM-WE, MRC, and neural plasticity in individuals with chronic stroke. BCI technology could be a valuable addition to conventional rehabilitation for stroke survivors, enhancing recovery outcomes.

Trial registration
CRIS (KCT0009013).
Alström syndrome: the journey to diagnosis
Authors: Sinha Akshat , Leeson-Beevers Kerry , Lewis Catherine , Loughery Elizabeth , Geberhiwot Tarekegn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Alström syndrome (AS) is a recessively inherited genetic condition which is ultra-rare and extremely complex. Symptoms include retinal dystrophy, nystagmus, photophobia, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiomyopathy. The condition is progressive, but it is important to note that not all the complications associated with AS occur in everyone affected. Symptoms can also present at different stages, making diagnosis difficult. There are currently 88 people diagnosed with AS in the UK.

Objectives
The aim of this report is to raise awareness of the key symptoms of AS, in order to promote a faster and more effective diagnosis. This involves identification of individual or a combination of ‘red flag’ symptoms. Overall the findings should improve the patient experience, and their long-term health outcomes.

Methods
Between August-October 2022 we conducted research into a sample of patients from the ASUK database. The process involved a combination of interviews with families, social care and education reviews. Interviews were semi-structured using open questions and a patient-centred approach.

Results
Seventeen newly diagnosed patients were included in our sample. Only 24% of patients were diagnosed within one year following the onset of AS symptoms. Patients with visual impairment and cardiomyopathy were diagnosed much more quickly, either in infancy or early childhood. 41% of our research participants waited over 5 years for a diagnosis. Insufficient research and treatment advances can further impede the diagnostic process and limit access to therapies or clinical trials, ultimately impacting patient outcomes.

Conclusion
While we welcome these developments, our findings, and the evidence we have gathered in this report suggests that more needs to be done to improve the experiences of people receiving a diagnosis of AS. Obesity rapidly developing in infancy should be flagged as a key symptom to be aware of where AS is a possible diagnosis. Visual impairment (88%) in combination with cardiomyopathy (59%) is a frequent first presentation for patients with AS. Most patients (7/17) are diagnosed many years after symptom onset (5–20 years).
Resolving the source of branch length variation in the Y chromosome phylogeny
Authors: Swiel Yaniv , Kelso Janet , Peyrégne Stéphane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Genetic variation in the non-recombining part of the human Y chromosome has provided important insight into the paternal history of human populations. However, a significant and yet unexplained branch length variation of Y chromosome lineages has been observed, notably amongst those that are highly diverged from the human reference Y chromosome. Understanding the origin of this variation, which has previously been attributed to changes in generation time, mutation rate, or efficacy of selection, is important for accurately reconstructing human evolutionary and demographic history.

Results
Here, we analyze Y chromosomes from present-day and ancient modern humans, as well as Neandertals, and show that branch length variation amongst human Y chromosomes cannot solely be explained by differences in demographic or biological processes. Instead, reference bias results in mutations being missed on Y chromosomes that are highly diverged from the reference used for alignment. We show that masking fast-evolving, highly divergent regions of the human Y chromosome mitigates the effect of this bias and enables more accurate determination of branch lengths in the Y chromosome phylogeny.

Conclusion
We show that our approach allows us to estimate the age of ancient samples from Y chromosome sequence data and provide updated estimates for the time to the most recent common ancestor using the portion of the Y chromosome where the effect of reference bias is minimized.
Buprenorphine and postpartum contraception utilization among people with opioid use disorder: a multi-state analysis
Authors: Xu Kevin Y. , Bello Jennifer K. , Buss Joanna , Jones Hendrée E. , Bierut Laura J. , Stwalley Dustin , Szlyk Hannah S. , Martin Caitlin E. , Kelly Jeannie C. , Carter Ebony B. , Krans Elizabeth E. , Grucza Richard A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The postpartum period provides an opportunity for birthing people with opioid use disorder (OUD) to consider their future reproductive health goals. However, the relationship between the use of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and contraception utilization is not well understood. We used multistate administrative claims data to compare contraception utilization rates among postpartum people with OUD initiating buprenorphine (BUP) versus no medication (psychosocial services receipt without MOUD (PSY)) in the United States (US).

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from the Merative™ MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid Databases 2016–2021 among postpartum women with OUD who did and did not initiate BUP during pregnancy. Our primary outcome was the receipt of prescribed highly-effective or effective contraception by 90 days postpartum. Highly-effective contraception was defined as female sterilization and long-acting reversible contraception [LARC]). Effective contraception was defined as oral contraceptive pills [OCPs], the contraceptive patch, ring, or injection. We used multivariable Poisson regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, to measure the association of BUP (vs. PSY) on postpartum contraception utilization.

Results
Our sample consisted of 11,118 postpartum people with OUD. Among those, 3,443 initiated BUP and 7,675 received PSY. By 90 days postpartum, 22.4% (n = 2,487) of the cohort were prescribed contraception (21.5% PSY vs. 24.3% BUP). Among these participants, most received LARC (41.0%), followed by female sterilization (27.3%), the contraceptive injection (17.3%), pills (8.6%), ring (4.7%), and patch (1.0%), Compared to people engaged in PSY, BUP receipt was associated with a greater use of prescribed contraceptive use by 90 days postpartum (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 1.17[1.07–1.28]), including a modestly greater use of the patch, ring, and pills, (aRR = 1.13[1.08–1.18]), but a modestly lesser use of injection contraception (aRR = 0.95[0.91–0.99]). There was no relationship observed between BUP and LARC use (aRR = 1.00[0.95–1.04]) and female sterilization (aRR = 1.01[0.98–1.06]).

Conclusions
Only 22% of pregnant people with OUD in our cohort used effective or highly-effective postpartum contraception. BUP receipt during pregnancy, relative to PSY, was associated with modestly greater use of prescribed effective contraceptive methods but was not associated with greater use of provider-administered contraceptive methods, such as the contraceptive injection, LARC and female sterilization.
Comparison of different pain management strategies during the perioperative period of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ma Yan , Wu Haiyan , Wei Xinqi , Yang Ying , Xu Zhiyun , Chen Yunyun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective
This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate and compare different postoperative pain management strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), in order to provide scientific evidence for clinical practice and decision-making.

Methods
A total of 274 ESCC patients who underwent surgery at the Affiliated Huai’an No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included in the study. Of these, 127 received conventional nursing decisions for postoperative pain management, and 147 received the “5 + nursing” postoperative pain management strategy. The main observation indicators of both groups included postoperative pain score, analgesic dosage, postoperative analgesic side effects, and length of hospital stays.

Results
The “5 + nursing” postoperative pain management group showed significantly lower postoperative pain score and significantly shorter length of hospital stays than the conventional nursing group. There was no significant difference in postoperative analgesic side effects between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the postoperative pain score is an independent risk factor for predicting postoperative arrhythmias in ESCC patients. When the daily average dose of opioids used postoperatively was between 37.5 and 50 mg, the patient’s postoperative pain score dropped the fastest.

Conclusion
The “5 + nursing” pain management strategy can effectively reduce the degree of postoperative pain and shorten the length of hospital stays, improving patient’s quality of life. Our research emphasizes the importance of opioids in postoperative pain management, as well as the need for individualized perioperative pain management strategies.
Quantity and quality of napping to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness among nurses working long night shifts: a prospective observational study
Authors: Watanabe Kazuhiro , Shishido Inaho , Ito Yoichi M. , Yano Rika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Napping during night shifts is a countermeasure against fatigue and sleepiness, which both impact patient safety. However, there is insufficient evidence on how nurses nap, especially concerning their napping quality. This study explored night-shift napping and its associated factors among nurses, considering napping quantity and quality, to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness.

Methods
This month-long prospective observational study included 32 nurses working 16-h night shifts in a general ward. All nurses responded to questions on individual factors, while fatigue and sleepiness were checked four times during night shifts. Night-shift napping was measured using a wearable device and classified into six groups: time in bed [TIB] > 180 min and sleep efficiency [SE] ≥ 70%, TIB > 180 min and SE < 70%, TIB 120–180 min and SE ≥ 70%, TIB 120–180 min and SE < 70%, TIB < 120 min and SE ≥ 70%, and TIB < 120 min and SE < 70%.

Results
Most nurses (81.2%) worked four night shifts per month, and 105 night shifts in which nurses intended to nap were analyzed. The two nap conditions (TIB 120–180 min and SE ≥ 70%, TIB > 180 min and SE ≥ 70%) were not worse than other nap conditions in fatigue and sleepiness at the end of the night shift and change in fatigue from the start to the end of the night shift. Sleep reactivity, pre-nap time on electronic devices, and prophylactic naps taken before the night shift were each the common factors related to napping for TIB ≥ 120 min and SE ≥ 70%.

Conclusions
Nurses working long night shifts should consider both sufficient napping quantity and good napping quality. We suggest aiming for a TIB of at least 120 min and a SE of at least 70% to mitigate fatigue and sleepiness at the end of a night shift. Assessing sleep reactivity, pre-nap time on electronic devices, and prophylactic naps may be useful in achieving both quantity and quality effectively. Nurses and their managers should have a better understanding of napping and consider strategically taking naps during night shifts.
Visual detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on magnetic bead target enrichment and rolling circle amplification
Authors: Li Bingying , Yu Meng , Ma Siying , Huang Yingying , Zhang Nenghua , Chen Shaoyun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDevelopment of rapid and simple detection method holds great significance for the prevention and control of Staphylococcus aureus. Herein, the SELEX method was utilized to screen new aptamers for S. aureus. The double aptamers combined recognition target strategy were adopted to enhance specificity, and magnetic bead target enrichment and the rolling circle amplification strategy were employed to improve sensitivity, thereby achieving a highly specific and highly sensitive visual detection of S. aureus. This method can specifically identify S. aureus and has high detection sensitivity, with a minimum detection limit of 10 CFU/mL. It also shows good repeatability, with a total time consumption of less than 9 h and can be used for the visual detection of actual samples.
Effect of nanogold incorporation into polymethyl methacrylate denture bases on microbial activity in implant-retained mandibular overdentures
Authors: Zidan Yasmin S. , Abdel-Hamid Reham H. , Elshiekh Reham M. , El Gohary Sara M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
In this randomized clinical trial, we examined the incorporation of nanogold particles into polymethyl methacrylate denture bases and compared these modified bases with conventional ones in mandibular implant-retained overdentures, focusing on microbiological growth and adhesion characteristics.

Methods
In this study, twenty-two male patients who were completely edentulous participated in a rehabilitation program involving mandibular overdentures retained by two dental implants placed in the canine area. The subjects were categorized into two equal groups, each comprising eleven patients. Group I received mandibular overdentures fabricated from conventional acrylic denture bases, whereas Group II received mandibular overdentures with bases that had undergone nanogold treatment. Microbial growth and colonization were evaluated around the implant’s necks and the fitting surface of each patient’s mandibular dentures. Three types of bacteria were studied: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus mutans. The mean difference in the counts of bacteria before the denture was inserted and after two, four, and six months has been calculated and analyzed statistically.

Results
Regarding colony count (log 10 CFUs/mmL), there was a significant difference between the research groups. Group II had significantly lower values measured at 2, 4, and 6 months for Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus mutans, respectively, than group I.

Conclusion
The addition of gold nanoparticles to PMMA denture bases was of greater benefit in inhibiting microbial growth than conventional acrylic resin bases.
Research on the cross-contagion between international stock markets and geopolitical risks: the two-layer network perspective
Authors: Gong Xiao-Li , Ning Hao-Yang , Xiong Xiong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs the international environment changes, frequent geopolitical crises continue to hinder the healthy development of global stock markets. To analyze in-depth the risk contagion path between the international stock market and geopolitics under the impact of extreme events, this paper explores the tail risk interactive contagion mechanism and dynamic effects of the double-layer network between the international stock market and geopolitics from the perspective of complex networks. Empirical research finds that geopolitical conflicts exacerbate risk contagion among international stock markets, and there are significant differences in risk contagion between developed and emerging economies. The analysis of the complex interaction effect in the double-layer network of the international stock market and geopolitics shows that the intralayer risk spillover effect of geopolitics in the short term is significantly higher than that of the stock price volatility network layer. Finally, the study on the dynamic changes of the double-layer network connectedness between the international stock market and geopolitics found that the shock of extreme events, such as military conflict and public health security, is an important factor in triggering the cross-contagion of risks. The research conclusions provide new ideas for preventing the cross-contagion of geopolitical risks in the stock markets of various countries under the evolution of the global political and economic pattern.
Developing archetypes for key roles in a pragmatic trial: implementing human-centered design to promote advance care planning in primary care
Authors: Abshire Saylor Martha , Scerpella Danny , Chapin Margo , Jajodia Anushka , Kadali Amrutha J. , Colburn Jessica L. , Cotter Valerie , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Archetypes are representations of a group of people with shared behaviors, attitudes, and characteristics. The design and use of archetypes have potential application to increase partnership and support when embedding and scaling interventions but methodological approaches have not been developed.

Objective
To describe the methodology of designing archetypes for use in a pragmatic trial of advance care planning in the primary care context, SHARING Choices ((NCT04819191). We present resulting archetypes representing three key roles (primary care champion, advance care planning facilitator, and patient) in our pragmatic trial.

Methods
Our process for developing archetypes involved 4 steps: 1) Identify roles for archetype development, 2) Identify Shareholders and Data Sources for Archetype Development, 3) Generate unique archetypes and their distinguishing traits, and 4) Iteratively refine archetypes through exposure, scrutiny, and shareholder input. We also developed a process map to communicate our methodology.

Results
We created 6 distinct archetypes for the primary care champion role, 5 archetypes for the advance care planning facilitator role and 6 archetypes for the patient role. For each archetype we described strengths, challenges, prevailing emotions, and successful approaches to collaboration (e.g., “what works for me”). Unique opportunities for synergy between archetypes (such as with facilitator and champion) and potential challenges between archetypes (such as for facilitator and patient) suggest ways to improve training and support of key roles.

Discussion
Our process for creating archetypes for use in implementation research was iterative and informative in discussion of implementation with shareholders. We expect this methodology to be useful for anticipating and analyzing many aspects of implementation.