bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting self-regulated learning with learning analytics interventions – a systematic literature review
Authors: Heikkinen Sami , Saqr Mohammed , Malmberg Jonna , Tedre Matti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring the past years scholars have shown an increasing interest in supporting students' self-regulated learning (SRL). Learning analytics (LA) can be applied in various ways to identify a learner’s current state of self-regulation and support SRL processes. It is important to examine how LA has been used to identify the need for support in different phases of SRL cycle, which channels are used to mediate the intervention and how efficient and impactful the intervention is. This will help the learners to achieve the anticipated learning outcomes. The systematic literature review followed PRISMA 2020 statement to examine studies that applied LA interventions to enhance SRL. The search terms used for this research identified 753 papers in May 2021. Of these, 56 studies included the elements of LA, SRL, and intervention. The reviewed studies contained various LA interventions aimed at supporting SRL, but only 46% of them revealed a positive impact of an intervention on learning. Furthermore, only four studies reported positive effects for SRL and covered all three SRL phases (planning, performance, and reflection). Based on the findings of this literature review, the key recommendation is for all phases of SRL to be considered when planning interventions to support learning. In addition, more comparative research on this topic is needed to identify the most effective interventions and to provide further evidence on the effectiveness of interventions supporting SRL.
Backwards Causation in Social Institutions
Authors: Silver Kenneth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhereas many philosophers take backwards causation to be impossible, the few who maintain its possibility either take it to be absent from the actual world or else confined to theoretical physics. Here, however, I argue that backwards causation is not only actual, but common, though occurring in the context of our social institutions. After juxtaposing my cases with a few others in the literature and arguing that we should take seriously the reality of causal cases in these contexts, I consider several objections. These objections involve whether the cases should be reinterpreted, whether they are properly within the institution, whether they involve necessitation or else Cambridge changes, whether and how they involve changing the past, and whether this should call us to question institutional reality. I end by suggesting that it is a virtue of our institutions that they allow backwards causation, that this is a kind of technology that they are often built to incorporate.
Climate Change Impacts on ‘Seasonality Index’ and its Potential Implications on Rainwater Savings
Authors: Imteaz Monzur A. , Hossain Iqbal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeasonality Index (SI) is commonly used to define rainfall variability within a year for a locality, which has got significant impact on the water resources planning and management. Both the longer periods of dry and wet conditions are reflected by SI value. As SI is calculated using historical rainfall data, a historical average value is represented for a locality. However, with the emerging impacts of climate change SI values based on historical data are likely to change. This paper presents expected changes in future SI values for the largest city of Australia (Sydney) based on projected future rainfall scenarios for the city. The paper further illustrates potential water savings through rainwater tanks under projected climate change scenarios using an earlier developed daily water balance model, eTank. For the simulations of potential water savings through rainwater tanks, projected daily rainfall data was collected from Australian government data portal for four stations within Sydney. Future potential rainwater savings efficiencies were correlated with the corresponding SI values. It is found that such correlation closely matches with an earlier developed correlation using past historical data, however the future water savings efficiency will be slightly lower than the past water savings efficiency.
Correct specification of design matrices in linear mixed effects models: tests with graphical representation
Authors: Peterlin Jakob , Kejžar Nataša , Blagus Rok 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLinear mixed effects models (LMMs) are a popular and powerful tool for analysing grouped or repeated observations for numeric outcomes. LMMs consist of a fixed and a random component, which are specified in the model through their respective design matrices. Verifying the correct specification of the two design matrices is important since mis-specifying them can affect the validity and efficiency of the analysis. We show how to use empirical stochastic processes constructed from appropriately ordered and standardized residuals from the model to test whether the design matrices of the fitted LMM are correctly specified. We define two different processes: one can be used to test whether both design matrices are correctly specified, and the other can be used only to test whether the fixed effects design matrix is correctly specified. The proposed empirical stochastic processes are smoothed versions of cumulative sum processes, which have a nice graphical representation in which model mis-specification can easily be observed. The amount of smoothing can be adjusted, which facilitates visual inspection and can potentially increase the power of the tests. We propose a computationally efficient procedure for estimating p-values in which refitting of the LMM is not necessary. Its validity is shown by using theoretical results and a large Monte Carlo simulation study. The proposed methodology could be used with LMMs with multilevel or crossed random effects.
Decentralization and Pro-poor Participation in Ghana: Unmasking the Barriers to Inclusive Grassroots Development
Authors: Be-ere Seregious 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDonors have strongly advocated decentralization on the grounds that it broadens the participation of citizens in development processes, thereby increasing government responsiveness to their needs. Although there have been studies seeking to establish the veracity of this claim, they remain weak on two fronts. One, while wealth differentials affect citizen participation, these studies approach citizens as a homogenous group. Two, participation is mostly viewed narrowly—participation in elections. Drawing on empirical data from Ghana’s decentralization reform, this paper addresses these gaps by questioning how pro-poor citizen participation in decentralized development planning has been. I argue that although Ghana’s decentralization was propagated on championing pro-poor grassroots participation in governance and development, in reality, participation is elitist and has failed to reflect the voices of the poor. My findings demonstrate that the participation structures and processes used in local development planning are unfavourable to the poor in many respects. Elite and representative participation is promoted to the detriment of broad citizen participation. This exclusion is resulting in surging apathy of citizens towards the district assemblies—institutions hitherto trusted as their development champions. This paper concludes that the poor will remain voiceless despite decentralization unless the structural barriers to their participation are tackled in decentralization design and praxis.
Investigating the illicit market in veterinary medicines: An exploratory online study with pet owners in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pons-Hernandez Monica , Wyatt Tanya , Hall Alexandra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe illicit market in veterinary medicines is an overlooked issue despite threatening the health of non-human and human animals. It is thought to be increasing within the major markets of the global North due to the growth of e-commerce and social media sites. This paper examines the online market in illicit veterinary medicines through an exploratory study of the public’s online experiences as pet owners in the UK. To this end, we collected data through literature-based research and an online survey. Drawing on Passas’ criminogenic asymmetries framework, the research found that the confluence of legal, political, cultural, economic and knowledge asymmetries likely facilitate the market in illicit veterinary medicines in the UK. Our research concludes that, while previous reports suggest the illicit market is dominated by medicines to treat pets, it increasingly consists of medicines for farmed animals. This brings its own set of challenges and risks, and a pressing need for further research on the market’s dynamics.
Beliefs About the Need to Control One’s Thoughts and Cognitive Self-consciousness Are Associated with Sexual Stigma
Authors: Aydın Orkun , Kaya Aygül , Cengiz Zümra , Kesen Esra Sena , Ünal-Aydın Pınar , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Sexual stigma has been found to be related to a variety of factors including age, ethnicity, religion, gender, and education. However, we still know relatively little about the association of cognitive constructs with homonegativity. In the current study, we aimed to explore the associations between metacognitions and sexual stigma among young adults.

Methods
Five hundred thirty-eight individuals participated in the study. The following self-report measures were administered: Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men-Short Version (ATLG-S), Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale (HRHS), and the Metacognitions Questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30). Pearson product-moment correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were run to explore the associations between ATLG-S, HRHS, and MCQ-30.

Results
Negative beliefs about thoughts and beliefs about the need to control thoughts were correlated with ATLG-S and HRHS scores; however, multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that beliefs about the need to control thoughts and cognitive self-consciousness were associated with ATLG-S and HRHS scores after controlling for sociodemographic variables including age, gender, and education.

Conclusion
We concluded that the beliefs about the need to control thoughts and cognitive self-consciousness may play a significant role in sexual stigma. Psychological techniques which are aimed at specific metacognitions and mindfulness may help reduce sexual prejudice among young adults.
Rigidity results for complete spacelike submanifolds in plane fronted waves
Authors: Palomo Francisco J. , Pelegrín José A. S. , Romero Alfonso 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNew rigidity results for complete non-compact spacelike submanifolds of arbitrary codimension in plane fronted waves are obtained. Under appropriate assumptions, we prove that a complete spacelike submanifold in these spacetimes is contained in a characteristic lightlike hypersurface. Moreover, for a complete codimension two extremal submanifold in a plane fronted wave we show sufficient conditions to guarantee that it is a (totally geodesic) wavefront.
The Universe Waking Up: A Useful Idea for Atheists
Authors: MILEM BRUCE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome writers have described human beings as participating in the universe waking up or serving as the means by which the universe comes to know itself. In this paper I argue that this idea can be given a straightforward explanation with minimal metaphysical commitments. As long as one grants that the universe has a kind of unity and that human beings are conscious, it is possible to see human beings as vehicles for the universe's consciousness and knowledge of itself. I also argue that this idea can be useful for atheists because it can satisfy what Thomas Nagel calls ‘the yearning for cosmic reconciliation’ (2010: 3) better than secular humanism can.
Prevalence and treatment of postobstructive pneumonia among older adults with advanced cancer
Authors: Lee Seohyuk , O’Donovan Lisa , Cohen Avi J. , Gautam Samir , Quagliarello Vincent , Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Datta Rupak 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Among 124 older adults with advanced cancer who were hospitalized with pneumonia, 7.3% met criteria for postobstructive pneumonia. There were no differences in antibiotic duration, antibiotic spectrum, 30-day and 90-day readmissions, or mortality between those with and without postobstructive pneumonia. Bacteria were identified in 5 patients with postobstructive pneumonia.
Correlation of the renormalized Hilbert length for convex projective surfaces
Authors: DAI XIAN , MARTONE GIUSEPPE 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on dynamical properties of (real) convex projective surfaces. Our main theorem provides an asymptotic formula for the number of free homotopy classes with roughly the same renormalized Hilbert length for two distinct convex real projective structures. The correlation number in this asymptotic formula is characterized in terms of their Manhattan curve. We show that the correlation number is not uniformly bounded away from zero on the space of pairs of hyperbolic surfaces, answering a question of Schwartz and Sharp. In contrast, we provide examples of diverging sequences, defined via cubic rays, along which the correlation number stays larger than a uniform strictly positive constant. In the last section, we extend the correlation theorem to Hitchin representations.
Cohort fertility heterogeneity during the fertility decline period in Turkey
Authors: Keskin Faruk , Çavlin Alanur 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe decline in fertility, rapid urbanization and the increase in women’s education levels in Turkey are simultaneous transformations. The coexistence and interaction of these transformations is the focal point for the interpretation of fertility trajectories in Turkey. This article explores Turkey’s heterogeneous fertility structure by examining the fertility trajectories of women between 1949 and 1978 cohorts. It also examines changes in these trajectories in light of Turkey’s fertility decline and interprets those changes through comparisons of women whose fertility behaviors are similar. Using three waves (1998, 2008 and 2018) of the Turkey Demographic and Health Survey data, we employed sequence analysis to calculate fertility trajectories and form clusters from these trajectories. The background similarities of women in the same fertility clusters were investigated with distance analysis, and we calculated predicted probabilities from multinomial logistic regression results and predicted cluster membership. The heterogeneous nature of fertility in Turkey during the demographic transition period shaped the transition process and it can be predicted that such heterogeneity will shape post-transition fertility. The behavior of having two children became the norm during this period, and greater spacing between births or even stopping after the first child became a preferred option among educated women who grew up in cities. For women who grew up in rural areas and uneducated women, we observed a transition from higher parities to three-norm.
Foreign Ties That Bind: Cross-Border Firm Expansions and Fund Portfolio Allocation Around the World
Authors: Moshirian Fariborz , Pham Peter K. , Tian Shu , Wu Eliza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate whether international operations enhance information links between firms and foreign investors. Exploiting novel subsidiary-level data and within-location variations, we show that, after expanding into another country, a firm attracts greater investment allocation from funds from that country than from other foreign funds. This increase is economically significant, equivalent to one-fifth of the average firm weight in a country-specific portfolio. The observed effect cannot be attributed to funds’ influence, persists even when funds are already familiar with the firm, and helps them generate superior risk-adjusted returns. Our results suggest that firms’ cross-border economic activities contribute to global financial interconnectedness.
Current (but not ex) cigarette smoking is associated with worse cognitive performances in schizophrenia: results from the FACE-SZ cohort
Authors: Mallet Jasmina , Godin Ophélia , Dansou Yecodji , Mazer Nicolas , Scognamiglio Claire , Berna Fabrice , Boyer Laurent , Capdevielle Delphine , Chéreau Isabelle , D'Amato Thierry , Dubreucq Julien , Fond Guillaume , Leigner Sylvain , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Misdrahi David , Passerieux Christine , Rey Romain , Pignon Baptiste , Urbach Mathieu , Schorr Benoit , Schürhoff Franck , Yann Le Strat , Dubertret Caroline ,   FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Center of Expertise for Schizophrenia) Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundTobacco use is common in subjects with schizophrenia (SZ) and has sometimes been associated with better functioning in short-term studies. Only few studies embrace an extensive examination of tobacco influence on clinical, cognitive and therapeutic characteristics in stabilized SZ outpatients. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between cognitive performances and smoking status in SZ subjects.MethodsIn total, 1233 SZ participants (73.9% men, mean age 31.5) were included and tested with a comprehensive battery. Tobacco status was self-declared (never-, ex-, or current smokers). Multivariable analyses including principal component analyses (PCA) were used.ResultsIn total, 53.7% were smokers with 33.7% of them nicotine-dependent. Multiple factor analysis revealed that current tobacco smoking was associated with impaired general intellectual ability and abstract reasoning (aOR 0.60, 95% IC 0.41–0.88, p = 0.01) and with a lifetime alcohol use disorder (p = 0.026) and a lifetime cannabis use disorder (p < 0.001). Ex- and never-smokers differed for age, mean outcome, cannabis history and medication [ex-smokers being older (p = 0.047), likely to have higher income (p = 0.026), a lifetime cannabis use disorder (p < 0.001) and higher CPZeq doses (p = 0.005)]. Premorbid IQ in the three groups significantly differed with, from higher to lower: ex-smokers, never-smoker, current smokers (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study is the largest to date providing strong evidence that chronic smoking is associated with cognitive impairment in SZ, arguing against the self-medication hypothesis as a contributor to the high prevalence of smoking in SZ. Ex-smokers may also represent a specific subgroup. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the developmental impact of tobacco on neurocognition.
Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to a high-fat diet causes histomorphometric, neuroplastic, and histopathological changes in the rat ileum
Authors: Cordeiro Gabriele S. , Góis Marcelo B. , Santos Lucimeire S. , Espírito-Santo Djane A. , Silva Rafael T. , Pereira Márcia U. , Santos Jean N. , Conceição-Machado Maria E. P. , Deiró Tereza C. B. J. , Barreto-Medeiros Jairza M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExposure to a diet with a high saturated fat content can influence the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, causing losses in the absorption of nutrients and favoring the appearance of diseases. The objective was to assess the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in the perinatal (pregnancy and lactation) and post-weaning period on the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum. Wistar rats were divided into four subgroups: Control/Control (CC, n = 10) rats fed a control diet (C) throughout the trial period; Control/HFD (CH, n = 9) rats fed diet C (perinatal) and HFD after weaning; HFD/Control (HC, n = 10) rats fed HFD (perinatal) and diet C (post-weaning); HFD/HFD (HH, n = 9) rats fed HFD throughout the experimental period. There was atrophy of the Ileum wall with a reduction in the muscular tunic, submucosa, and mucosa thickness in the HH group of 37%, 28%, and 46%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The depth of the crypts decreased by 29% (p < 0.0001) and height increased by 5% (p < 0.0013). Villus height decreased by 41% and 18% in HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001) and width decreased by 11% in the HH (p < 0.0001). The height of the enterocytes decreased by 18% in the HH (p < 0.0001). There was a decrease in the area of the myenteric and submucosal plexus ganglia in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). The number, occupation, and granules of Paneth cells increased in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) increased in all groups exposed to the HFD. Goblet cells decreased in groups CH and HH (p < 0.0001). The evidence from this study suggests that the HFD had altered the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum of the rats.
Differences in DNA Methylation-Based Age Prediction Within Twin Pairs Discordant for Cancer
Authors: Bode Hannes F. , Heikkinen Aino , Lundgren Sara , Kaprio Jaakko , Ollikainen Miina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDNA methylation-based age acceleration (DNAmAA) is associated with cancer, with both cancer tissue and blood showing increased DNAmAA. We aimed to investigate whether DNAmAA is associated with cancer risk within twin pairs discordant for cancer, and whether DNAmAA has the potential to serve as a biomarker for such. The study included 47 monozygotic and 48 same-sex-dizygotic cancer-discordant twin pairs from the Finnish Twin Cohort study with blood samples available between 17 and 31 years after the cancer diagnosis. We studied all cancers (95 pairs), then separately breast cancer (24 pairs) and all sites other than breast cancer (71 pairs). DNAmAA was calculated for seven models: Horvath, Horvath intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, Hannum, Hannum intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, Hannum extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, PhenoAge and GrimAge. Within-pair differences in DNAmAA were analyzed by pairedttests and linear regression. Twin pairs sampled before cancer diagnosis did not differ significantly in DNAmAA. However, the within-pair differences in DNAmAA before cancer diagnosis increased significantly the closer the cancer diagnosis was, and this acceleration extended for years after the diagnosis. Pairs sampled after the diagnosis differed for DNAmAA with the Horvath models capturing cancer diagnosis-associated DNAmAA across all three cancer groupings. The results suggest that DNAmAA in blood is associated with cancer diagnosis. This may be due to epigenetic alterations in relation to cancer, its treatment or associated lifestyle changes. Based on the current study, the biomarker potential of DNAmAA in blood appears to be limited.
Tracing metabolic flux in vivo: basic model structures of tracer methodology
Authors: Kim Il-Young , Park Sanghee , Kim Yeongmin , Kim Hee-Joo , Wolfe Robert R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMolecules in living organisms are in a constant state of turnover at varying rates, i.e., synthesis, breakdown, oxidation, and/or conversion to different compounds. Despite the dynamic nature of biomolecules, metabolic research has focused heavily on static, snapshot information such as the abundances of mRNA, protein, and metabolites and/or (in)activation of molecular signaling, often leading to erroneous conclusions regarding metabolic status. Over the past century, stable, non-radioactive isotope tracers have been widely used to provide critical information on the dynamics of specific biomolecules (metabolites and polymers including lipids, proteins, and DNA), in studies in vitro in cells as well as in vivo in both animals and humans. In this review, we discuss (1) the historical background of the use of stable isotope tracer methodology in metabolic research; (2) the importance of obtaining kinetic information for a better understanding of metabolism; and (3) the basic principles and model structures of stable isotope tracer methodology using 13C-, 15N-, or 2H-labeled tracers.