bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of tumour fluorodeoxyglucose avidity and cachexia development on patient survival in oesophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: Olaechea Santiago , Gannavarapu Bhavani S. , Gilmore Anne , Alvarez Christian , Iyengar Puneeth , Infante Rodney 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is manifested by loss in muscle, adipose, weight, and appetite. PET 18F‐FDG uptake identifies tumour metabolic and inflammatory changes, potentially associated with cachexia development. We examined if primary gastroesophageal tumour 18F‐FDG uptake correlates with cachexia development and survival in cancer patients.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐six oesophageal (n = 87) and gastroesophageal junction (n = 39) cancer patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 63 years (IQR 54–71), evaluated between 2006 and 2014 with pre‐treatment PET imaging and cachexia determination at diagnosis were included in the study cohort (22.1% female; 6.7%, 24.4%, 50.4%, and 18.5% with tumour stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively). Maximum primary tumour standardized uptake values were obtained and dichotomized based off the calculated cut‐point SUVMax of 8.5 (P = 0.0018). Associations between survival, cachexia development, and primary tumour 18F‐FDG uptake were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsCancer‐associated weight loss (cachexia) and primary tumour SUVMax at or above the statistically determined cut‐point of 8.5 were present in 54% and 57% of patients, respectively. Primary tumour SUVMax above the cut‐point was significantly associated with pre‐treatment cancer‐associated weight loss (P = 0.0033) and, in multivariate analysis, correlated with a 2.3‐fold increased risk of death (95% CI 1.4, 3.7; P = 0.0010). When divided into cohorts defined by their combined cachexia and high versus low SUVMax tumour status, positive cachexia status or/and high SUVMax tumours were associated with similar significant decrements in survival.ConclusionA positive association was present between cancer‐associated weight loss and SUVMax of the primary tumour, suggesting greater glycolytic metabolism in gastroesophageal tumours that induce cachexia. This interpretation of routinely administered PET scans could lead to earlier categorization of patients with cachexia‐inducing tumours. Both cachexia and high SUVMax status were independently associated with worsened survival outcomes, further supporting their prognostic relevance in patients with gastroesophageal cancer.
Coactivator‐associated arginine methyltransferase 1 controls oligodendrocyte differentiation in the corpus callosum during early brain development
Authors: Ishino Yugo , Shimizu Shoko , Tohyama Masaya , Miyata Shingo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractProtein arginine methylation has been recognized as one of key posttranslational modifications for refined protein functions, mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (Prmts). Coactivator‐associated arginine methyltransferase (Carm1, also known as Prmt4) participates in various cellular events, such as cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation through its protein arginine methylation activities. Carm1 regulates cell proliferation of a neuronal cell line and is reportedly expressed in the mammalian brain. However, its detailed function in the central nervous system, particularly in glial cells, remains largely unexplored. In this study, Carm1 exhibited relatively high expression in oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells present in the corpus callosum of the developing brain, followed by a remarkable downregulation after active myelination. The suppression of Carm1 activity by inhibitors in isolated oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) reduced the number of Ki67‐expressing and BrdU‐incorporated proliferating cells. Furthermore, Carm1 inactivation attenuated OL differentiation, as determined by the expression of Plp, a reliable myelin‐related marker. It also impaired the extension of OL processes, accompanied by a significant reduction in gene expression related to OL differentiation and myelination, such as Sox10, Cnp, Myrf, and Mbp. In addition, OLs co‐cultured with embryonic dorsal root ganglia neurons demonstrated that Carm1 activity is required for the appropriate formation of myelin processes and myelin sheaths around neuronal axons, and the induction of the clustering of Caspr, a node of Ranvier structural molecule. Thus, we propose that Carm1 is an essential molecule for the development of OPCs and OLs during brain development.
Phenotypic selection on floral traits in the arctic plantParrya nudicaulis(Brassicaceae)
Authors: Carlson Matthew L. , Fulkerson Justin R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe evolution of floral traits is often attributed to pollinator‐mediated selection; however, the importance of pollinators as selective agents in arctic environments is poorly resolved. In arctic and subarctic regions that are thought to be pollen limited, selection is expected to either favor floral traits that increase pollinator attraction or promote reproductive assurance through selfing. We quantified phenotypic selection on floral traits in two arctic and two subarctic populations of the self‐compatible, but largely pollinator‐dependent,Parrya nudicaulis. Additionally, we measured selection in plants in both open pollination and pollen augmentation treatments to estimate selection imposed by pollinators in one population. Seed production was found to be limited by pollen availability and strong directional selection on flower number was observed. We did not detect consistently greater magnitudes of selection on floral traits in the arctic relative to the subarctic populations. Directional selection for more pigmented flowers in one arctic population was observed, however. In some populations, selection on flower color was found to interact with other traits. We did not detect consistently stronger selection gradients across all traits for plants exposed to pollinator selection relative to those in the pollen augmentation treatment; however, directional selection tended to be higher for some floral traits in open‐pollinated plants.
Seismic analysis of a modern 14‐story reinforced concrete core wall building system using the BTM‐shell methodology
Authors: Mavros Marios , Panagiotou Marios , Koutromanos Ioannis , Alvarez Rodolfo , Restrepo Jose I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper uses computational simulation to investigate the lateral load‐displacement behavior and failure modes of a modern 14‐story reinforced concrete (RC) core wall building. The design complies with the minimum code requirements of the current California Building Code, which is based on ASCE 7–16 and ACI 318–14. The computational representation of the building, which accounts for the material nonlinearities of all structural components, employs the beam‐truss model (BTM) for the walls and floor slabs. Analyses of the building model are conducted for static monotonic and cyclic lateral loads using the program FE‐MultiPhys, which provides a user‐friendly implementation of the BTM as an assemblage of rectangular shell macroelements. Two different load patterns, that is, lateral load distributions along the building height, are considered. The analyses provide insights into the evolution of damage and lateral strength degradation and their dependence on the load pattern, while also elucidating the complex interaction between the webs and flanges of the core wall and the system effects associated with coupling between the walls, beams, slabs, and columns. The presentation of the analytical results is accompanied by a discussion on the advantages of the BTM over seismic analysis methods used in current code‐minimum and performance‐based seismic design (PBSD) practice.
Effect of incorporation of snail meat powder on sensory attributes and consumer acceptability of sorghum‐wheat buns
Authors: Agengo Fredrick B. , Onyango Arnold N. , Serrem Charlotte A. , Okoth Judith K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFormulation of foods from –low‐lysine cereals fortified with animal protein is a potentially sustainable approach to enhance protein quality in diet due to nutritional compensation while buns are valuable vehicles to deliver nutrients to human body because of their relatively noble eating quality and extended shelf life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory attributes and consumer acceptability of sorghum‐wheat buns containing snail meat powder (SMP). Buns were prepared by replacing 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% of sorghum‐wheat composite flour with SMP. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 99% total variation of 23 attributes for buns scored by a descriptive sensory panel, of which 98% was due to the proportion of SMP that replaced sorghum‐wheat composite flour in buns and the remainder 1% was due to the buns’ physical appearance. Compositing sorghum‐wheat buns with SMP imparted positive consumer attributes of fine crumb, sponginess, and crumby texture. It also resulted in buns with reasonably high sensory acceptability as evaluated by 8‐ to 9‐year‐old school children. The buns can serve as supplementary rich sources of protein for alleviating the menace of protein energy malnutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Coverage with evidence development for medical devices in Europe: Can practice meet theory?
Authors: Drummond Michael , Federici Carlo , Reckers‐Droog Vivian , Torbica Aleksandra , Blankart Carl Rudolf , Ciani Oriana , Kaló Zoltán , Kovács Sándor , Brouwer Werner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHealth economists have written extensively on the design and implementation of coverage with evidence development (CED) schemes and have proposed theoretical frameworks based on cost‐effectiveness modeling and value of information analysis. CED may aid decision‐makers when there is uncertainty about the (cost‐)effectiveness of a new health technology at the time of reimbursement. Medical devices are potential candidates for CED schemes, as regulatory regimes do not usually require the same level of efficacy and safety data normally needed for pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this research is to assess whether the actual practice of CED for medical devices in Europe meets the theoretical principles proposed by health economists and whether theory and practice can be more closely aligned. Based on decision‐makers' perceptions of the challenges associated with CED schemes, plus examples from the schemes themselves, we discuss a series of proposals for assessing the desirability of schemes, their design, implementation, and evaluation. These proposals, while reflecting the practical challenges with developing CED programs, embody many of the principles suggested by economists and should support decision‐makers in dealing with uncertainty about the real‐world performance of devices.
Preoperative portal vein recanalization–transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for chronic obliterative portal vein thrombosis: Outcomes following liver transplantation
Authors: Talwar Abhinav , Varghese Jeffrey , Knight Gabriel M. , Katariya Nitin , Caicedo Juan‐Carlos , Dietch Zach , Borja‐Cacho Daniel , Ladner Daniella , Christopher Derrick , Baker Talia , Abecassis Michael , Mouli Samdeep , Desai Kush , Riaz Ahsun , Thornburg Bart , Salem Riad 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High‐grade portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is often considered to be a technically challenging scenario for liver transplantation (LT) and in some centers a relative contraindication. This study compares patients with chronic obliterative PVT who underwent portal vein recanalization–transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (PVR‐TIPS) and subsequent LT to those with partial nonocclusive PVT who underwent LT without an intervention. This institutional review board‐approved study analyzed 49 patients with cirrhosis with PVT from 2000 to 2020 at our institution. Patients were divided into two groups, those that received PVR‐TIPS due to anticipated surgical challenges from chronic obliterative PVT and those who did not because of partial PVT. Demographic data and long‐term outcomes were compared. A total of 35 patients received PVR‐TIPS while 14 did not, with all receiving LT. Patients with PVR‐TIPS had a higher Yerdel score and frequency of cavernoma than those that did not. PVR‐TIPS was effective in decreasing portosystemic gradient (16 down to 8 mm HG; p < 0.05). Both groups allowed for end‐to‐end anastomoses in >90% of cases. However, veno–veno bypass was used significantly more in patients who did not receive PVR‐TIPS. Additionally, patients without PVR‐TIPS required significantly more intraoperative red blood cells. Overall survival was not different between groups. PVR‐TIPS demonstrated efficacy in resolving PVT and allowed for end‐to‐end portal vein anastomoses. PVR‐TIPS is a viable treatment option for chronic obliterative PVT with or without cavernoma that simplifies the surgical aspects of LT.
Global and regional long‐term survival following resection for HCC in the recent decade: A meta‐analysis of 110 studies
Authors: Reveron‐Thornton Rosyli F. , Teng Margaret L. P. , Lee Eunice Yewon , Tran Andrew , Vajanaphanich Sean , Tan Eunice X. , Nerurkar Sanjna N. , Ng Rui Xin , Teh Readon , Tripathy Debi Prasad , Ito Takanori , Tanaka Taku , Miyake Nozomi , Zou Biyao , Wong Connie , Toyoda Hidenori , Esquivel Carlos O. , Bonham C. Andrew , Nguyen Mindie H. , Huang Daniel Q. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Surgical resection for HCC remains a major curative treatment option, but it is unclear whether there are differences in outcomes by region and whether outcomes have improved over time. We aimed to estimate pooled overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and complication rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following curative surgical resection and to compare outcomes by region and by time period. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from inception to May 15, 2020. We selected studies reporting OS, RFS, and complications in adult patients with HCC undergoing curative surgical resection. Two authors independently searched the literature and extracted the data. We screened 6983 articles and included 110 eligible studies with 82,392 patients, with study periods spanning from 1980–2017. The global pooled 1‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 88.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 87.1–90.4) and 56.2% (95% CI 52.8–59.6) for OS and 71.1% (95% CI 67.6–74.3) and 35.2% (95% CI 32.5–38.0) for RFS, respectively. Five‐year OS was higher in Asia (57.03%) than in other regions (Europe 48.3%; North America 48.0%; and South America 49.5%); p = 0.002. Five‐year RFS was higher in patients with hepatitis B virus versus patients with hepatitis C virus (34.8% vs. 24.1%; p = 0.02). There was no significant improvement in 5‐year OS and RFS over time. The pooled rate for complications was 27.6% (95% CI 23.4–32.3), with 9.7% (95% CI 6.3–14.7) classified as major. One‐year OS after surgical resection for HCC is excellent (~90%). However, 5‐year OS (~55%) and RFS (~35%) are still poor, suggesting that long‐term care is suboptimal. Greater efforts are required to improve survival through enhanced surveillance and preventing recurrence through antiviral therapy.
Investigation of risk factors of de novo urinary stress incontinence after cystocele repair: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Pan , Lei Li , Wei Linna , Wang Ying , Liu Lubin 
Published: February 2022

The contents of this page will be used as part of issue TOC only. It will not be published as part of main article.Levator avulsion is a risk factor for de novo urinary stress incontinence after transvaginal mesh surgery for cystocele repair.
Ex vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy: A diagnostic technique for easy real‐time evaluation of benign and malignant skin tumours
Authors: Vladimirova Gabriela , Ruini Cristel , Kapp Florian , Kendziora Benjamin , Ergün Ecem Z. , Bağcı Işın S. , Krammer Sebastian , Jastaneyah Jawaher , Sattler Elke C. , Flaig Michael J. , French Lars E. , Hartmann Daniela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEx vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (ex vivo CLSM) is a novel diagnostic tool for a quick bedside evaluation of freshly excised tissue, comparable to histology. We aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of ex vivo CLSM in detecting malignant features, to validate its reliability in identifying various skin tumours based on a combination of confocal features and to evaluate the digital staining mode (DS). One‐hundred twenty freshly excised skin samples from 91 patients were evaluated. Each lesion was screened for the presence of 23 predefined confocal criteria with ex vivo CLSM, followed by a histopathological examination. The diagnostic agreement between ex vivo CLSM and histology was 89.2%. The diagnostic accuracy of ex vivo CLSM in detecting malignancy reached a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 76%. Ex vivo CLSM enabled a rapid identification of the most common skin tumours, the tumour dignity and cytological features. The DS demonstrated a close resemblance to conventional histopathology.
Distinct Roles of Glutamine Metabolism in Benign and Malignant Cartilage Tumors With IDH Mutations
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Puviindran Vijitha , Nadesan Puviindran , Ding Xiruo , Shen Leyao , Tang Yuning J , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Yahara Yasuhito , Ban Ga I , Zhang Guo-Fang , Karner Courtney M , Alman Benjamin A. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Enchondromas and chondrosarcomas are common cartilage neoplasms that are either benign or malignant, respectively. The majority of these tumors harbor mutations in either IDH1 or IDH2. Glutamine metabolism has been implicated as a critical regulator of tumors with IDH mutations. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that glutaminase-mediated glutamine metabolism played distinct roles in enchondromas and chondrosarcomas with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations. Glutamine affected cell differentiation and viability in these tumors differently through different downstream metabolites. During murine enchondroma-like lesion development, glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate promoted hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and regulated chondrocyte proliferation. Deletion of glutaminase in chondrocytes with Idh1 mutation increased the number and size of enchondroma-like lesions. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of glutaminase in chondrosarcoma xenografts reduced overall tumor burden partially because glutamine-derived non-essential amino acids played an important role in preventing cell apoptosis. This study demonstrates that glutamine metabolism plays different roles in tumor initiation and cancer maintenance. Supplementation of α-ketoglutarate and inhibiting GLS may provide a therapeutic approach to suppress enchondroma and chondrosarcoma tumor growth, respectively. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Early offset‐increasing migration predicts later revision for humeral head resurfacing implants. A randomized controlled radiostereometry trial with 10‐year clinical follow‐up
Authors: Tøttrup Mikkel , Thillemann Janni Kjærgaard , Thillemann Theis Muncholm , Mechlenburg Inger , Klebe Thomas , Søballe Kjeld , Stilling Maiken 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn a randomized controlled setting, medium‐term implant migration and long‐term clinical outcomes were compared for the Copeland and the Global C.A.P. humeral head resurfacing implants (HHRI). Thirty‐two patients (mean age 63 years) were randomly allocated to a Copeland (n = 14) or Global C.A.P. (n = 18) HHRI. Patients were followed for 5 years with radiostereometry, Constant Shoulder Score, and the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS). WOOS and revision status were also obtained cross‐sectionally at a mean 10‐year follow‐up. At the 5‐year follow‐up, total translation (TT) was 0.75 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53–0.97) for the Copeland HHRIs and 1.15 mm (95% CI: 0.85–1.46) for the Global C.A.P. HHRIs (p = 0.04), but the clinical scores were similar at all follow‐ups. The cumulative risks of revision at 5 and 10 years were 29% and 43% for Copeland and 35% and 41% for Global C.A.P HHRIs (p > 0.7). No implants were loose at revision, but HHRIs that were later revised followed an early offset‐increasing migration pattern with medial translation and lift‐off resulting in a mean 0.53 mm (95% CI: 0.18–0.88) higher TT at the 1‐year follow‐up compared to non‐revised HHRIs. In conclusion, the Global C.A.P. HHRI had higher TT compared with the Copeland HHRI, but clinical scores and revision rates were similar. Nonetheless, revision rates were high and challenge the use of HHRIs. Interestingly, an early radiostereometry evaluated HHRI migration pattern with increased off‐set predicted later implant revision.
Superior Labial Frenulum Attachment Site and Correlation with Breastfeeding Outcomes
Authors: Haischer‐Rollo Gayle D. , Lu Khang , Drumm Caitlin , Fagiana Angela , Bowe Sarah N. , Aden James , Demarcantonio Micheal 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesCurrent literature suggests that infant oral anatomy may impact breastfeeding outcomes. Our research seeks to evaluate superior labial frenulum (SLF) attachment site grade utilizing a modified existing system and investigate the correlation with breastfeeding outcomes.MethodsTwo hundred and eight dyads were recruited from the nursery at Brooke Army Medical Center. The neonate's SLF and lingual frenulum were evaluated and photo‐documented. Photos were assessed by blinded reviewers utilizing a modified Stanford SLF grade. Breastfeeding mothers completed surveys on attitudes and associated pain with feedings 24 h postdelivery, at 2 weeks and at 2 months. Categorical data were analyzed using chi‐squared tests or Fisher's exact tests. Means and standard deviations were analyzed using analysis of variance or Wilcoxon's test.ResultsAt 2 weeks and 2 months, 86.8% and 72.8% were breastfeeding, respectively. At 2 months, SLF grade 1 newborn dyads had a significantly lower breastfeeding rate (50.0%) compared to SLF grade 2 (75.3%) and SLF grade 3 (85.7%) subjects (p = 0.0384). At 2 weeks and 2 months, there was no difference between SLF groups with regard to maternal breastfeeding attitudes or pain scores. There was no significant difference in terms of weight, referrals, or lingual–labial frenulectomy between SLF groups.ConclusionsOur study shows no correlation between SLF attachment grade and breastfeeding outcomes to include length of breastfeeding, maternally reported confidence, maternal pain, or infant weight. Our findings do not support labial frenulectomy based on SLF grade alone and highlight the need for a more robust functional grading system.Level of Evidence2Oxford Center for Evidence‐Based Medicine. http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653 Laryngoscope, 132:2498–2504, 2022