bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection process of Pseudobeltrania cedrelae associated with Phyllachora balansae on Cedrela fissilis leaves
Authors: Milagres Cristiane A. , Belisário Renata , Azevedo Daiana M. Q. , Oliveira Leandro L. , Rodrigues Fabrício A. , Furtado Gleiber Q. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the infection process of Pseudobeltrania cedrelae on leaves of Cedrelae fissilis and a possible action of Phyllachora balansae as a forerunner of the development of pseudobeltrania spot. In the samples analysed by scanning electron microscopy, a higher number of germinated P. cedrelae conidia and appressoria were observed in samples containing P. balansae (unhealthy), whereas conidia barely germinated on the leaflets without ascomas of P. balansae (healthy). The germination of P. cedrelae occurred from 3 h after inoculation (hai) with emission of up to 2 germ tubes from the ends and conidia side. Appressoria showed different shapes from irregular and oval to globose formats. The penetration of P. cedrelae into the leaflets occurred both directly and through the stomata. The inter‐ and intracellular fungal colonization of parenchyma cells occurred at 144 hai. Conidiophores emerging through the epidermis and stomata were observed at 17 days after inoculation. The incidence of pseudobeltrania spot on healthy leaflets with and without wounds was, respectively, 26 and 3 times lower than on unhealthy leaflets. In conclusion, P. balansae plays an important role on the development of pseudobeltrabia spot.
Which factors are associated with the number of dental providers employed in correctional settings?
Authors: Harris Jack A. , Simon Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals experiencing incarceration are at increased risk of poor oral health. The purpose of this study was to identify state‐level factors that influence the number of oral healthcare providers employed in US correctional settings.MethodsThis ecological study utilized the National Survey of Prison Health Care (NSPHC) to identify the total number of dentists employed in US correctional facilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a linear regression was used to identify predictors of the total number of dentists employed in correctional settings by state.ResultsThe mean number of dentists and dental hygienists/assistants per 10,000 individuals experiencing incarceration was 9.33 ± 4.54 and 11.53 ± 7.02, respectively. The only significant contributor to dental employment was healthcare spending per individual experiencing incarceration (Coefficient = 0.96; p = 0.004).ConclusionsThese findings illustrate the need to develop novel methods of encouraging oral healthcare providers to join the correctional healthcare workforce.
Nurse‐led intervention to decrease drug use among LTBI positive homeless adults
Authors: Nyamathi Adeline , Morisky Donald , Wall Sarah Akure , Yadav Kartik , Shin Sangshuk , Hall Elizabeth , Chang Alicia H. , White Kathryn , Arce Nicholas , Parsa Therese , Salem Benissa E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople experiencing homelessness (PEH) are disproportionately diagnosed with active tuberculosis. While promoting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment has been a call to action, PEH engaging in substance use often experience challenges in completing LTBI treatment.MethodsIn this non‐randomized single arm study, we tested an innovative, community‐based, nurse‐led community health worker (RN‐CHW) model, on reducing drug use among 50 PEH, residing in homeless shelters or living on the streets in Los Angeles. Follow‐up was at 3‐ and 6‐ months.ResultsFindings revealed significant and ongoing decrease in any drug use (odds ratio [OR] = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14—0.68); p = .004), amphetamine use (OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.02–0.81; p = .029), cannabis use (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.12–0.57; p = .001) and methamphetamine use (OR = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.10–0.90; p = .031) at 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this pilot study is the first to evaluate the impact a RN‐CHW delivered intervention on reduction in drug use among PEH enrolled in a LTBI intervention. LTBI interventions may serve as an entryway into reduction in drug use among this underserved population.
Acclimation to elevated CO2 affects the C/N balance by reducing de novo N‐assimilation
Authors: Krämer Konrad , Kepp Gabi , Brock Judith , Stutz Simon , Heyer Arnd G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlants exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations show an increased photosynthetic activity. However, after prolonged exposure, the activity declines. This acclimation to elevated CO2 is accompanied by a rise in the carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio of the biomass. Hence, increased sugar accumulation and sequential downregulation of photosynthetic genes, as well as nitrogen depletion and reduced protein content, have been hypothesized as the cause of low photosynthetic performance. However, the reason for reduced nitrogen content in plants at high CO2 is unclear. Here, we show that reduced photorespiration at increased CO2‐to‐O2 ratio leads to reduced de novo assimilation of nitrate, thus shifting the C/N balance. Metabolic modeling of acclimated and non‐acclimated plants revealed the photorespiratory pathway to function as a sink for already assimilated nitrogen during the light period, providing carbon skeletons for de novo assimilation. At high CO2, low photorespiratory activity resulted in diminished nitrogen assimilation and eventually resulted in reduced carbon assimilation. For the hpr1‐1 mutant, defective in reduction of hydroxy‐pyruvate, metabolic simulations show that turnover of photorespiratory metabolites is expanded into the night. Comparison of simulations for hpr1‐1 with those for the wild type allowed investigating the effect of a perturbed photorespiration on N‐assimilation.
RBP4 regulates androgen receptor expression and steroid synthesis in Sertoli cells from Bactrian camels
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Quanwei , Li Yina , Zhao Xingxu , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRetinol‐binding protein (RBP4) plays an important role in the transport and metabolism of retinol. In addition, RBP4 contributes to testicular homeostasis, including maintenance of spermatogenesis and synthesis of androgens that mediate their physiological functions through the androgen receptor. RBP4 in Sertoli cells regulates testosterone and dihydrotestosterone synthesis and secretion, although the mechanisms have yet to be revealed. In this study, we examined the expression and function of RBP4 in Sertoli cells isolated from Bactrian camels. qRT‐PCR analysis of various Bactrian camel tissues revealed high expression of RBP4 in the testis and epididymis. To examine RBP4 function, Sertoli cells isolated from testes were transfected with an RBP4 overexpression plasmid or RBP4‐targeting siRNA. RBP4 overexpression resulted in significant inhibition of transcription and translation of the steroidogenic enzymes 3βHSD and SRD5A1 concomitant with a significant decrease in androgen receptor expression and dihydrotestosterone secretion. Conversely, RBP4 knockdown significantly increased the expression of 3βHSD, SRD5A1 and androgen receptor and enhanced the secretion of dihydrotestosterone and testosterone. These data reveal a novel role for RBP4 in regulating steroid synthesis in Sertoli cells from Bactrian camels.
Allowable Cracks Related to Penetration for Part-Through Cracks in Pipes Subjected to Bending Stresses
Authors: Hasegawa Kunio , Li Yinsheng , Strnadel Bohumír , Udyawar Anees 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fully plastic collapse stresses for circumferentially part-through cracked pipes subjected to bending stresses are estimated by limit load criteria provided by the ASME Code Section XI. Allowable crack depths were determined by using the limit load criteria and that are tabulated in the ASME Code Section XI for different plant service-level conditions. On the other hand, crack penetration bending stresses for part-through cracked pipes were estimated by using the local approach of limit load criteria. By using these criteria, the study presented in this paper obtained allowable crack depths at penetration for circumferentially part-through cracked pipes. Comparing the allowable crack depths obtained by both methods for each service level, it is evident that the allowable crack depths at penetration calculated by the local approach of limit load criteria are almost always smaller than those at fully plastic collapse stresses calculated by the limit load criteria. It was found that the allowable crack depths provided by the ASME Code Section XI are less conservative for crack penetrations.
Study on Energy Dissipation Mechanism of an Impact Damper System
Authors: Vinayaravi R. , Jayaraj K. , Kumaresan D. , Asraff A. K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to investigate how higher damping is achieved by energy dissipation as high-frequency vibration due to the addition of impact mass. In an impact damper system, collision between primary and impact masses cause an exchange of momentum resulting in dissipation of energy. A numerical model is developed to study the dynamic behavior of an impact damper system using a multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system with augmented Lagrangian multiplier contact algorithm. Mathematical modeling and numerical simulations are carried out using ansysfea package. Studies are carried out for various mass ratios subjecting the system to low-frequency high amplitude excitation. Time responses obtained from numerical simulations at fundamental mode when the system is excited in the vicinity of its fundamental frequency are validated by comparing with experimental results. Magnification factor evaluated from numerical simulation results is comparable with those obtained from experimental data. The transient response obtained from numerical simulations is used to study the behavior of first three modes of the system excited in vicinity of its fundamental frequency. It is inferred that dissipation of energy is a main reason for achieving higher damping for an impact damper system in addition to being transformed to heat, sound, and/or those required to deform a body.
Numerical Modeling of Simultaneous Heat and Moisture Transport in Fire Protective Suits Under Flash Fire Exposure and Evaluation of Second-Degree Burn Time
Authors: Rajput Bhavna , Dubey Ritambhara , Ray Bahni , Das Apurba , Talukdar Prabal 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An improved numerical model is developed for coupled heat and moisture transport in fire protective suits exposed to flash fire. This model is combined with Pennes' bioheat transfer model and subsequently, second-degree burn time is estimated using Henriques' burn integral. Natural convection is considered inside the airgap present between the multilayer clothing ensemble and the skin. Comparisons of temperature and moisture distribution within the multilayer clothing, airgap, and the skin during the exposure are presented considering combined heat and moisture transport and only heat transport. The effect of moisture transport on the protective performance of the fire protective suits is shown. The impact of both horizontal and vertical airgap orientations on second-degree burn time is studied. The effect of temperature-dependent thermophysical properties, relative humidity, fiber regain, different exposure conditions, and fabric combinations for the fire protective suits on burn time is analyzed.
Association ofSIX1-SIX6polymorphisms with peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in children
Authors: Lu Shi Yao , Zhang Xiu Juan , Wang Yu Meng , Yuan Nan , Kam Ka Wai , Chan Poemen P , Tam Pancy OS , Yip Wilson WK , Young Alvin L , Tham Clement C , Pang Chi Pui , Yam Jason C , Chen Li Jia 
Published: January 2022

PurposeAssociation ofSIX1-SIX6variants with peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (p-RNFL) thickness had been reported in adults. This study aimed to investigate these associations in children, with further explorations by spatial, age and sex stratifications.Methods2878 school children aged between 6 and 9 years were enrolled from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at theSIX1-SIX6locus were genotyped. The association of each SNP with p-RNFL thickness (including global and sectoral thickness) were evaluated using multiple linear regression.ResultsSNPs rs33912345 (p=7.7×10−4) and rs10483727 (p=0.0013) showed significant associations with temporal-inferior p-RNFL thickness. The C allele of rs33912345 was associated with a thinner temporal-inferior p-RNFL by an average of 2.44 µm, while rs10483727-T was associated with a thinner temporal-inferior p-RNFL by 2.32 µm. The association with temporal-inferior p-RNFL was the strongest in the 8–9 year-old group for rs33912345 (p=5.2×10−4) and rs10483727 (p=3.3×10−4). Both SNPs were significantly associated with temporal-inferior p-RNFL thickness in boys (p<0.0017), but not in girls (p>0.05). In contrast, rs12436579-C (β=1.66; p=0.0059), but not rs33912345-C (β=1.31; p=0.052) or rs10483727-T (β=1.19; p=0.078), was nominally associated with a thicker nasal-inferior p-RNFL.ConclusionsBoth rs33912345 and rs10483727 atSIX1-SIX6were associated with p-RNFL thickness in children, especially at the temporal-inferior sector, with age-dependent and sex-specific effects. SNP rs12436579 was associated with nasal-inferior p-RNFL thickness. Our findings suggested a role ofSIX1-SIX6in RNFL variation during neural retina development in childhood.
Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale as a predictor of adverse outcomes among older adults undergoing aortic valve replacement: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Prendiville Tadhg , Leahy Aoife , Quinlan Laura , Saleh Anastasia , Shanahan Elaine , Gabr Ahmed , Peters Catherine , Casserly Ivan , O'Connor Margaret , Galvin Rose 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionFrailty is associated with adverse outcomes relating to cardiac procedures. It has been proposed that frailty scoring should be included in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. We aim to examine the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), as a predictor of adverse outcomes following aortic valve replacement.Methods and analysisProspective and retrospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials assessing both the preoperative frailty status (as per the CFS) and incidence of adverse outcomes among older adults undergoing either surgical aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve replacement will be included. Adverse outcomes will include mortality and periprocedural complications, as well as a composite of 30-day complications. A search will be conducted from 2005 to present using a prespecified search strategy. Studies will be screened for inclusion by two reviewers, with methodological quality assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Relative risk ratios with 95% CIs will be generated for each outcome of interest, comparing frail with non-frail groups. Data will be plotted on forest plots where applicable. The quality of the evidence will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this study as no primary data will be collected. We will publish the review in a peer-reviewed journal on completion.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020213757.
Contribution of primary care expansion to Sustainable Development Goal 3 for health: a microsimulation of the 15 largest cities in Brazil
Authors: Basu Sanjay , Hone Thomas , Villela Daniel , Saraceni Valeria , Trajman Anete , Durovni Betina , Millett Christopher , Rasella Davide 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesAs middle-income countries strive to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it remains unclear to what degree expanding primary care coverage can help achieve those goals and reduce within-country inequalities in mortality. Our objective was to estimate the potential impact of primary care expansion on cause-specific mortality in the 15 largest Brazilian cities.DesignMicrosimulation model.Setting15 largest cities by population size in Brazil.ParticipantsSimulated populations.InterventionsWe performed survival analysis to estimate HRs of death by cause and by demographic group, from a national administrative database linked to the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy, FHS) electronic health and death records among 1.2 million residents of Rio de Janeiro (2010–2016). We incorporated the HRs into a microsimulation to estimate the impact of changing primary care coverage in the 15 largest cities by population size in Brazil.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCrude and age-standardised mortality by cause, infant mortality and under-5 mortality.ResultsIncreased FHS coverage would be expected to reduce inequalities in mortality among cities (from 2.8 to 2.4 deaths per 1000 between the highest-mortality and lowest-mortality city, given a 40 percentage point increase in coverage), between welfare recipients and non-recipients (from 1.3 to 1.0 deaths per 1,000), and among race/ethnic groups (between Black and White Brazilians from 1.0 to 0.8 deaths per 1,000). Even a 40 percentage point increase in coverage, however, would be insufficient to reach SDG targets alone, as it would be expected to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 20% (vs the target of 33%), and communicable diseases by 15% (vs 100%).ConclusionsFHS primary care coverage may be critically beneficial to reducing within-country health inequalities, but reaching SDG targets will likely require coordination between primary care and other sectors.
Association of breast feeding and birth interval with child mortality in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study using nationally representative Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Amir-ud-Din Rafi , Mahmood Hafiz Zahid , Abbas Faisal , Muzammil Muhammad , Kumar Ramesh , Pongpanich Sathirakorn 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesThis study analysed the association between breast feeding (BF) and birth interval (BI) (both succeeding and preceding) with neonatal mortality (NM), infant mortality (IM) and under-5 mortality (U5M).DesignThis cross-sectional study used data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018.SettingsAll provinces, Islamabad and Federally Administered Tribal Areas were included in the analysis.ParticipantsA total of 12 769 children born to ever-married multiparous women aged 30–49 years who gave live birth within 5 years preceding the interview. Multiple births are not included.Data analysisMultivariate logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsWe found that BF was associated with nearly 98% lower risk of NM (OR 0.015; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.03; p<0.001), 96% lower risk of IM (OR 0.038; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06; p<0.001) and 94% lower risk of U5M (OR 0.050; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.08; p<0.001). Compared with optimal preceding birth interval (PBI) (36+ months), short PBI (<18 months) was associated with around six times higher risk of NM (OR 5.661; 95% CI: 2.78 to 11.53; p<0.001), over five times risk of IM (OR 4.704; 95% CI: 2.70 to 8.19; p<0.001) and over five times risk of U5M (OR 4.745; 95% CI: 2.79 to 8.07; p<0.001). Disaggregating the data by child’s gender, place of residence and mother’s occupational status showed that being ever breast fed was associated with a smaller risk of NM, IM and U5M in all three disaggregations. However, the risk of smaller PBI <18 months was generally more pronounced in female children (NM and U5M) or when the children lived in rural areas (NM, IM and U5M). PBI <18 months was associated with greater risk of NM and IM, and smaller risk of U5M when mothers did a paid job.ConclusionThis study’s significance lies in the fact that it has found BF and BI to be consistent protective factors against NM, IM and U5M. Given Pakistan’s economic constraints, optimal BF and BI are the most cost-effective interventions to reduce child mortality.
Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among rural and urban populations affected by Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Cénat Jude Mary , Noorishad Pari-Gole , Dalexis Rose Darly , Rousseau Cécile , Derivois Daniel , Kokou-Kpolou Cyrille Kossigan , Bukaka Jacqueline , Balayulu-Makila Oléa , Guerrier Mireille 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesHigh mortality rates, anxiety and distress associated with Ebola virus disease (EVD) are risk factors for mood disorders in affected communities. This study aims to document the prevalence and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms among a representative sample of individuals affected by EVD.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe current study was conducted 7 months (March 11, 2019 to April 23, 2019) after the end of the ninth outbreak of EVD in the province of Equateur in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).ParticipantsA large population-based sample of 1614 adults (50% women, Mage=34.05; SD=12.55) in health zones affected by the ninth outbreak in DRC.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants completed questionnaires assessing EVD exposure level, stigmatisation related to EVD and depressive symptoms. The ORs associated with sociodemographic data, EVD exposure level and stigmatisation were analysed through logistic regressions.ResultsOverall, 62.03% (95% CI 59.66% to 64.40%) of individuals living in areas affected by EVD were categorised as having severe depressive symptoms. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that adults in the two higher score categories of exposure to EVD were at two times higher risk of developing severe depressive symptoms (respectively, OR 1.94 (95% CI 1.22 to 3.09); OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.26 to 4.34)). Individuals in the two higher categories of stigmatisation were two to four times more at risk (respectively, OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.83); OR 4.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 9.56)). Living in rural areas (OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.38)) and being unemployed (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.93)) increased the likelihood of having severe depressive symptoms.ConclusionsResults indicate that depressive symptoms in EVD affected populations is a major public health problem that must be addressed through culturally adapted mental health programs.