bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic profiles by non-invasive monitoring of cardiac index and vascular tone in acute heart failure patients in the emergency department: External validation and clinical outcomes
Authors: Harrison Nicholas Eric , Meram Sarah , Li Xiangrui , White Morgan B. , Henry Sarah , Gupta Sushane , Zhu Dongxiao , Pang Peter , Levy Phillip 
Published: March 2022

Background
Non-invasive finger-cuff monitors measuring cardiac index and vascular tone (SVRI) classify emergency department (ED) patients with acute heart failure (AHF) into three otherwise-indistinguishable subgroups. Our goals were to validate these “hemodynamic profiles” in an external cohort and assess their association with clinical outcomes.

Methods
AHF patients (n = 257) from five EDs were prospectively enrolled in the validation cohort (VC). Cardiac index and SVRI were measured with a ClearSight finger-cuff monitor (formerly NexFin, Edwards Lifesciences) as in a previous study (derivation cohort, DC, n = 127). A control cohort (CC, n = 127) of ED patients with sepsis was drawn from the same study as the DC. K-means cluster analysis previously derived two-dimensional (cardiac index and SVRI) hemodynamic profiles in the DC and CC (k = 3 profiles each). The VC was subgrouped de novo into three analogous profiles by unsupervised K-means consensus clustering. PERMANOVA tested whether VC profiles 1–3 differed from profiles 1–3 in the DC and CC, by multivariate group composition of cardiac index and vascular tone.
Profiles in the VC were compared by a primary outcome of 90-day mortality and a 30-day ranked composite secondary outcome (death, mechanical cardiac support, intubation, new/emergent dialysis, coronary intervention/surgery) as time-to-event (survival analysis) and binary events (odds ratio, OR). Descriptive statistics were used to compare profiles by two validated risk scores for the primary outcome, and one validated score for the secondary outcome.

Results
The VC had median age 60 years (interquartile range {49–67}), and was 45% (n = 116) female. Multivariate profile composition by cardiac index and vascular tone differed significantly between VC profiles 1–3 and CC profiles 1–3 (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.159). A difference was not detected between profiles in the VC vs. the DC (p = 0.59, R2 = 0.016).
VC profile 3 had worse 90-day survival than profiles 1 or 2 (HR = 4.8, 95%CI 1.4–17.1). The ranked secondary outcome was more likely in profile 1 (OR = 10.0, 1.2–81.2) and profile 3 (12.8, 1.7–97.9) compared to profile 2. Diabetes prevalence and blood urea nitrogen were lower in the high-risk profile 3 (p<0.05). No significant differences between profiles were observed for other clinical variables or the 3 clinical risk scores.

Conclusions
Hemodynamic profiles in ED patients with AHF, by non-invasive finger-cuff monitoring of cardiac index and vascular tone, were replicated de novo in an external cohort. Profiles showed significantly different risks of clinically-important adverse patient outcomes.
Primary care physicians’ knowledge of travel vaccine and malaria chemoprophylaxis and associated predictors in Qatar
Authors: Al-Dahshan Ayman , Selim Nagah , Al-Kubaisi Noora , Mahfoud Ziyad , Kehyayan Vahe 
Published: March 2022

Background
In an era of globalization, travel-related illnesses have become a focus of public ‎health concern, especially in the Arab region where travel health services are insufficient and ‎not well-established. This study was conducted to assess travel vaccine and ‎malaria chemoprophylaxis knowledge and associated predictors among primary care physicians‎ (PCPs) in ‎Qatar.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect ‎data from all physicians working at all 27 primary healthcare centers from March 1st to May 31st 2020.‎ Knowledge scores were computed and a multivariable linear regression model was built to identify predictors of higher knowledge.

Results
A total of 364 PCPs participated (response rate of 89.2%). Participants’ mean ‎age was 44.5 (±7.8) with 59.1% being males. Their overall mean knowledge score was 9.54/16 (±3.24). Significant predictors of higher knowledge included: aged 40–49 years ‎(1.072; 95% CI: 0.230, 1.915)‎, had medical degree from non-Arab countries ‏‎(0.748; 95% CI: 0.065, ‎‎1.432)‎‏,‏‎ had training in TM ‏ ‏‎(1.405; 95% CI: 0.407, ‎‎2.403), and provided ≥10 consultations/ month ‎(2.585; 95% CI:1.294, 3.876)‎. Online information was the main reported resource of travel medicine consultation.

Conclusions
The overall PCPs’ mean percentage knowledge score of travel medicine was 59.6% (±20.3). A high volume of pretravel consultation, prior training, middle age group, and medical degree from non-Arab countries were significant predictors of higher ‎knowledge. Continuing ‎education and training provided by recognised international institutions for all PCPs is highly ‎recommended to narrow the gap in travel medicine knowledge.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among marginalized populations in the U.S. and Canada: Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Newman Peter A. , Reid Luke , Tepjan Suchon , Fantus Sophia , Allan Kate , Nyoni Thabani , Guta Adrian , Williams Charmaine C. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Despite the development of safe and highly efficacious COVID-19 vaccines, extensive barriers to vaccine deployment and uptake threaten the effectiveness of vaccines in controlling the pandemic. Notably, marginalization produces structural and social inequalities that render certain populations disproportionately vulnerable to COVID-19 incidence, morbidity, and mortality, and less likely to be vaccinated. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of definitions/conceptualizations, elements, and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among marginalized populations in the U.S. and Canada.

Materials and methods
The proposed scoping review follows the framework outlined by Arksey and O’Malley, and further developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. It will comply with reporting guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The overall research question is: What are the definitions/conceptualizations and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy in the context of COVID-19 vaccines among adults from marginalized populations in the U.S. and Canada. Search strategies will be developed using controlled vocabulary and selected keywords, and customized for relevant databases, in collaboration with a research librarian. The results will be analyzed and synthesized quantitatively (i.e., frequencies) and qualitatively (i.e., thematic analysis) in relation to the research questions, guided by a revised WHO Vaccine Hesitancy Matrix.

Discussion
This scoping review will contribute to honing and advancing the conceptualization of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and broader elements and determinants of underutilization of COVID-19 vaccination among marginalized populations, identify evidence gaps, and support recommendations for research and practice moving forward.
Predictors of post-COVID symptoms in Egyptian patients: Drugs used in COVID-19 treatment are incriminated
Authors: Abdelhafiz Ahmed Samir , Ali Asmaa , Maaly Ayman Mohamed , Mahgoub Mohamed Anwar , Ziady Hany Hassan , Sultan Eman Anwar 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
COVID-19 is a multisystem disease, and some patients suffer from physical or psychological symptoms for weeks or even months after infection, which is described as post-COVID syndrome. The goal of this study is evaluating the prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms among Egyptian patients and detecting the factors associated with the presence of these symptoms.

Methods
An on-line cross-sectional survey using Google Forms was used to conduct the present study, which took place between June and August 2021.

Results
Three hundred and ninety-six participants filled in the survey. The mean age of participants was 41.4 years. Most participants had mild to moderate COVID-19 (81.31%). The prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms was 87.63%, where the most frequent symptom was fatigue (60.86%). Female sex, the presence of comorbidities, lower degree of education, longer disease duration, as well as severe and critical forms of the disease were significantly associated with the presence of post-COVID symptoms. Using regression analysis, the predictors of post-COVID symptoms were severe and critical forms of the disease and intake of antibiotics and corticosteroids for treatment of COVID-19.

Conclusions
COVID-19 is followed by high prevalence of post-COVID symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the relationship between the use of antibiotics and the development of post-COVID symptoms. We recommend further studies to understand this relationship. We also recommend restricting the use of these drugs to indicated cases according to the international guidelines. More studies are needed to gain better understanding of post-COVID symptoms especially in females.
Impact of kidney size on the outcome of diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Wang Min , Hsu Hsin-Chiao , Yu Mei-Ching , Wang I-Kuan , Huang Chien-Chang , Chan Ming‐Jen , Weng Cheng-Hao , Huang Wen-Hung , Hsu Ching-Wei , Huang Lan-Mei , Tam Frederick W. K. , Yen Tzung-Hai 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Diabetic patients normally have enlarged or normal-sized kidneys throughout their lifetime, but some diabetic uremic patients have small kidneys. It is uncertain if kidney size could have any negative impact on outcome in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
This longitudinal, observational cohort study recruited 301 diabetic hemodialysis patients in 2015, and followed until 2019. Patients were stratified into two subgroups according to their kidney sizes before dialysis, as small (n = 32) or enlarged or normal (n = 269). Baseline demographic, hematological, biochemical, nutritional, inflammatory and dialysis related data were collected for analysis.

Results
Patients with small kidney size were not only older (P<0.001) and had lower body mass index (P = 0.016), but had also higher blood uric acid concentration (P<0.001) compared with patients with enlarged or normal kidney size. All patients received adequate doses of hemodialysis since the Kt/V and urea reduction ratio was 1.7±0.3 and 0.7±0.1, respectively. Patients with small size kidneys received higher erythropoietin dose than patients with enlarged or normal kidney size (P = 0.031). At the end of analysis, 92 (30.6%) patients expired. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no survival difference between both groups (P = 0.753). In a multivariate logistic regression model, it was demonstrated that age (P<0.001), dialysis duration (P<0.001), as well as blood albumin (P = 0.012) and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.009) concentrations were significantly correlated with mortality.

Conclusions
Small kidney size on starting hemodialysis was not related with an augmented risk for death in diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis. Further studies are necessary.
Impact of the estimated glomerular filtration rate on long-term mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis visiting the emergency department
Authors: Kim Byung Sik , Yu Mi-Yeon , Kim Hyun-Jin , Lee Jun Hyeok , Shin Jeong-Hun , Shin Jinho 
Published: March 2022

Background
The association between renal function and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis remains unclear. We aimed to identify the impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis visiting the emergency department (ED).

Methods
This retrospective study included patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the ED between 2016 and 2019 for hypertensive crisis (systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg). They were classified into four groups according to the eGFR at admission to the ED: ≥90, 60–89, 30–59, and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Results
Among the 4,821 patients, 46.7% and 5.8% had an eGFR of ≥90 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Patients with lower eGFR were older and more likely to have comorbidities. The 3-year all-cause mortality rates were 7.7% and 41.9% in those with an eGFR ≥90 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, those with an eGFR of 30–59 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–2.54) and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.71–3.24) had significantly higher 3-year all-cause mortality risks than those with an eGFR of ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with an eGFR of 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a higher mortality (21.1%) than those with an eGFR of ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (7.7%); however, the difference was not significant (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.94–1.56).

Conclusions
Renal impairment is common in patients with hypertensive crisis who visit the ED. A strong independent association was observed between decreased eGFR and all-cause mortality in these patients. eGFR provides useful prognostic information and permits the early identification of patients with hypertensive crisis with an increased mortality risk. Intensive treatment and follow-up strategies are needed for patients with a decreased eGFR who visit the ED.
Effects of early rehabilitation in sepsis patients by a specialized physical therapist in an emergency center on the return to activities of daily living independence: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sakai Yasunari , Yamamoto Shuhei , Karasawa Tatsunori , Sato Masaaki , Nitta Kenichi , Okada Mayumi , Takeshige Kanako , Ikegami Shota , Imamura Hiroshi , Horiuchi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Background
Early rehabilitation allows patients to better perform the activities of daily living after hospital discharge. A specialized physical therapist has been assigned as part of the early rehabilitation, but the effectiveness of the program remains unclear. We investigated how early rehabilitation provided by a specialized physical therapist affects ADL in patients with sepsis.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. This study’s subjects were sepsis patients who entered the advanced emergency critical care center of Shinshu University Hospital between April 2014 and March 2020. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain information on demographic characteristics, severity score, primary source of infection, therapeutic medication, the number of days after hospital admittance until rehabilitation begins, length of hospital stay, discharge to home, and an assessment of daily living activities for each patient. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were treated before or after a specialized physical therapist had been hired by the advanced emergency critical care center.

Results
Assigning a physical therapist to a patient significantly shortened the number of days until rehabilitation began. In a multivariable model, the strongest predictors of return to independent living after hospital discharge were (1) assigning a specialized physical therapist (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–5.79; P = 0.050) and (2) the number of days until rehabilitation started (odds ratio = 0.24; 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.76; P = 0.014).

Conclusions
Assigning a specialized physical therapist to sepsis patients at an advanced emergency critical care center significantly shortened the number of days until a patient can begin rehabilitation after hospital admittance and improved activities of daily living after hospital discharge.

Trial registration
Trial registration [University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, number UMIN000040570 (2020/5/28).]
Rehabilitation in critically ill children: Findings from the Korean National Health Insurance database
Authors: Cho Joongbum , Park Hyejeong , Kang Danbee , Park Esther , Chung Chi Ryang , Cho Juhee , Kudchadkar Sapna R. 
Published: March 2022

PurposeIntensive care unit (ICU) survivors suffer from physical weakness and challenges returning to daily life. With the importance of rehabilitating patients in the pediatric intensive care unit being increasingly recognized, we evaluated the prevalence of physical and occupational therapy (PT/OT)-provided rehabilitation and factors affecting its use.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of rehabilitation between 2013 and 2019 using the Korean National Health Insurance database. All patients aged 28 days to 18 years who had been admitted to 245 ICUs for more than 2 days were included. Neonatal ICUs were excluded.ResultsOf 13,276 patients, 2,447 (18%) received PT/OT-provided rehabilitation during their hospitalization; prevalence was lowest for patients younger than 3 years (11%). Neurologic patients were most likely to receive rehabilitation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.11–8.20). Longer ICU stay (versus ≤ 1 week) was associated with rehabilitation (aOR for 1–2 weeks, 3.50 [95% CI, 3.04–4.03]; 2–3 weeks, 6.60 [95% CI, 5.45–8.00]; >3 weeks, 13.69 [95% CI, 11.46–16.35]). Mechanical ventilation >2 days (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67–0.91) and hemodialysis (aOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.41–0.52) were negatively affecting factors.ConclusionPrevalence of rehabilitation for critically ill children was low and concentrated on patients with a prolonged ICU stay. The finding that mechanical ventilation, a risk factor for ICU-acquired weakness, was an obstacle to rehabilitation highlights the need for studies on early preventive rehabilitation based on individual patient needs.
Suppression of human and simian immunodeficiency virus replication with the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab in two species
Authors: Chang Xiao L. , Reed Jason S. , Webb Gabriela M. , Wu Helen L. , Le Jimmy , Bateman Katherine B. , Greene Justin M. , Pessoa Cleiton , Waytashek Courtney , Weber Whitney C. , Hwang Joseph , Fischer Miranda , Moats Cassandra , Shiel Oriene , Bochart Rachele M. , Crank Hugh , Siess Don , Giobbi Travis , Torgerson Jeffrey , Agnor Rebecca , Gao Lina , Dhody Kush , Lalezari Jacob P. , Bandar Ivo Sah , Carnate Alnor M. , Pang Alina S. , Corley Michael J. , Kelly Scott , Pourhassan Nader , Smedley Jeremy , Bimber Benjamin N. , Hansen Scott G. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Sacha Jonah B. 
Published: March 2022

The CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab is being investigated as a novel immunotherapy that can suppress HIV replication with minimal side effects. Here we studied the virological and immunological consequences of Leronlimab in chronically CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infected humans (n = 5) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in ART-naïve acutely CCR5-tropic SHIV infected rhesus macaques (n = 4). All five human participants transitioned from daily combination ART to self-administered weekly subcutaneous (SC) injections of 350 mg or 700 mg Leronlimab and to date all participants have sustained virologic suppression for over seven years. In all participants, Leronlimab fully occupied CCR5 receptors on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells and monocytes. In ART-naïve rhesus macaques acutely infected with CCR5-tropic SHIV, weekly SC injections of 50 mg/kg Leronlimab fully suppressed plasma viremia in half of the macaques. CCR5 receptor occupancy by Leronlimab occurred concomitant with rebound of CD4+ CCR5+ T-cells in peripheral blood, and full CCR5 receptor occupancy was found in multiple anatomical compartments. Our results demonstrate that weekly, self-administered Leronlimab was safe, well-tolerated, and efficacious for long-term virologic suppression and should be included in the arsenal of safe, easily administered, longer-acting antiretroviral treatments for people living with HIV-1.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02175680 and NCT02355184.
A Case of Pride: Skrewdriver, Punk’n’roll 1976–79, Mark Green (2021)
Authors: Bestley Russ 
Published: March 2022

Review of: A Case of Pride: Skrewdriver, Punk’n’roll 1976–79, Mark Green (2021)
Hamburg: tredition, 304 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-34718-679-8, h/bk, £36.99
Deindustrialisation and Popular Music: Punk and ‘Post-Punk’ in Manchester, Düsseldorf, Torino and Tampere, Giacomo Bottà (2020)
Authors: Hollins Paul 
Published: March 2022

Review of: Deindustrialisation and Popular Music: Punk and ‘Post-Punk’ in Manchester, Düsseldorf, Torino and Tampere, Giacomo Bottà (2020)
London: Rowman and Littlefield, 222 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78660-737-9, h/bk, £104.00
Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation vs Sham Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence in Women: NeurOmodulaTion for Accidental Bowel Leakage Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zyczynski Halina M. , Richter Holly E. , Sung Vivian W. , Lukacz Emily S. , Arya Lily A. , Rahn David D. , Visco Anthony G. , Mazloomdoost Donna , Carper Benjamin , Gantz Marie G. ,   for the NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:
To determine whether percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is superior to sham stimulation for the treatment of fecal incontinence (FI) in women refractory to first-line treatments.

METHODS:
Women aged 18 years or older with ≥3 months of moderate-to-severe FI that persisted after a 4-week run-in phase were randomized 2:1 (PTNS:sham stimulation) to 12 weekly 30-minute sessions in this multicenter, single-masked, controlled superiority trial. The primary outcome was change from baseline FI severity measured by St. Mark score after 12 weeks of treatment (range 0–24; minimal important difference, 3–5 points). The secondary outcomes included electronic bowel diary events and quality of life. The groups were compared using an adjusted general linear mixed model.

RESULTS:
Of 199 women who entered the run-in period, 166 (of 170 eligible) were randomized, (111 in PTNS group and 55 in sham group); the mean (SD) age was 63.6 (11.6) years; baseline St. Mark score was 17.4 (2.7); and recording was 6.6 (5.5) FI episodes per week. There was no difference in improvement from baseline in St. Mark scores in the PTNS group when compared with the sham group (−5.3 vs −3.9 points, adjusted difference [95% confidence interval] −1.3 [−2.8 to 0.2]). The groups did not differ in reduction in weekly FI episodes (−2.1 vs −1.9 episodes, adjusted difference [95% confidence interval] −0.26 [−1.85 to 1.33]). Condition-specific quality of life measures did not indicate a benefit of PTNS over sham stimulation. Serious adverse events occurred in 4% of each group.

DISCUSSION:
Although symptom reduction after 12 weeks of PTNS met a threshold of clinical importance, it did not differ from sham stimulation. These data do not support the use of PTNS as conducted for the treatment of FI in women.