bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk stratification and in-hospital outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Bhalerao Amitkumar V. , Tahir Sheikh Mohamad , Agarwal Rajiv 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Death and morbidity are caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which include ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and unstable angina (UA), are the most common causes of death among those with CAD. The aim of the study was to define the demographic profile of patients with ACS in a tertiary care center, to identify risk factors in the profile of patients with ACS, to learn about the management of ACS in tertiary health care centers, and to estimate in-hospital outcomes in ACS patients at a tertiary health care center.

Methods:
The study was carried out in the Cardiology Department of Batra hospital and Medical Research Center, New Delhi, India. The Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital reviewed and approved the study protocol.

Data Collected Included:
Sociodemographic data, anthropometric data, clinical history, significant past medical history, medications, current clinical status of the patient, and investigations including electrocardiogram (ECG), electrocardiogram (ECHO), and coronary artery graft.

Results:
Age groups and type of ACS were having a statistically significant association (p = 0.04). A majority of patients with ACS were seen in the 55–74 years age group. Tobacco abuse was more common in STEMI patients as compared to other types of ACS. There was significant variation between risk stratification of ACS patients by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction and Global Registry of Acute Cardiac Events scores. Single vessel disease (SVD) patients dominated both the STEMI [26 (50.9%)] and UA [13 (52%)] groups. There was a highly significant association between a specific line of treatment and type of ACS (p < 0.0001). A majority of patients underwent percutaneous intervention (69% of 100). Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) was done in five (5/100) patients only. Thrombolysis was advocated in three (5.7%) patients with Streptokinase (SK) and two patients with Tenecteplase (TNK).

Conclusion:
There was a marked preponderance of STEMI in younger patients but it was less marked in older patients, according to the study. All conventional risk factors were represented in all types of ACS but hypertension and tobacco abuse were more consistent risk factors associated with STEMI.
Population-based repeat cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation Area, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Bawa Mukesh S. , Desale Atul V. , Pandve Harshal T. , Nimbalkar Abhijit V. , Patil Tushar V. , Gophane Laxman P. , Dadewar Abhaychandra A. , Thatkar Pandurang , Dhage Shivaji T. , Kharat Medha K. , Bhavsar Shailaja M. , Firke Rajendra P. , Ambedkar Vijaya A. , Salve Sunita S. , Sagale Trupti M. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Population-based seroepidemiological studies are recommended to measure the extent of spread of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection in an area. The present seroprevalence survey was planned with the aim to estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area.

Aims:
To estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area.

Settings and Design:
The study was carried out in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) city area. It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey.

Materials and Methods:
A population-based seroprevalence study for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was carried out among 10082 residents in the age group of 6 years and above selected by cluster random sampling. Thirty-five clusters were in slums, 45 clusters in tenements and 120 clusters from housing societies. The fieldwork for the collection of samples was carried out from 16 June to 17 June 2021. For antibody testing, a kit from Abbott (SARS-CoV-2 IgG) was used which employs chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Frequency analysis was done for sociodemographic variables, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19, age-stratified infection rate, risk factors and COVID symptomatic versus asymptomatic cases. Chi-square test of association was applied to test the association between seropositivity and sociodemographic and clinical profile of participants.

Results:
The overall seropositivity for IgG antibodies was 81.34%. Those living in the Gaothan area (tenements) had a positivity rate of 84.5%. The age group between 45 and 60 years had a seropositivity of 91%.

Conclusions:
The study indicates that a considerable proportion of the population had encountered the novel coronavirus approaching herd immunity.
Feasibility and acceptability of telepathology system among the rural communities of Bangladesh: A pilot study
Authors: Rahman Md Jiaur , Rahman Md Moshiur , Matsuyama Ryota , Tsunematsu Miwako , Islam Rafiqul , Ahmed Ashir , Banu Bilkis , Hossain Sarder Mahmud , Rahman Sarker Mohammad Habibur , Monjur Forhad , Roshid Md Marufur , Islam Md Rashedul , Kakehashi Masayuki 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Telepathology is a promising tool for remote communities to receive pathology services where professional diagnosis services are inadequate.

Aims:
We aimed to clarify how effective telepathology was when compared with conventional pathology service among rural communities of Bangladesh.

Methods and Materials:
We conducted a cross-sectional study in suburban and rural areas of Bangladesh between June and August 2020. We enrolled 117 participants who received both telepathology services from Thakurgaon Eye Hospital and conventional pathology service experience. The participant’s satisfaction with the accessibility and perceptions were statistically compared. In addition, we summarized descriptive statistics using the frequencies and percentages of participants’ responses.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Wilcoxon’s Signed-rank test using SPSS statistic software version 25.00.

Results:
Among the study participants, service cost, travel cost, travel time, waiting time, and travel distance were significantly higher for conventional pathology than telepathology (P < 0.001). The majority of participants (94%) were satisfied with the telepathology experience; however, one out of 117 participants was dissatisfied with this service when their travel distance was far away (≥50 km). Among the participants, 91.5% thought that telepathology service was effective for their treatment, and 98.3% wanted to continue this service in their community. On an average, participants saved 58% (95% CI, 53.4–61.5) of cost using telepathology rather than conventional pathology service.

Conclusions:
Remote under-resourced communities received professional pathology services with less time-consuming and significantly lower costs using the telepathology approach. Where pathology services are absent/insufficient, telepathology is efficacious for primary diagnosis, screening, and referral through professional pathologists for the satisfactory treatment of unreached communities.
Prevalence and pattern of ocular disorders due to chronic exposure to arc welding among occupational welders in Western Rajasthan
Authors: Praveena  , Manoher Jayshri M. , Kumar Ashok 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Arc welders have a higher prevalence of ocular disorders than the general population. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of ocular disorders due to chronic exposure to arc welding in occupational welders.

Methods:
Ninety welders and ninety nonwelders took part in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic information was obtained in the community, and a detailed ophthalmic examination was done in tertiary care hospitals.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of the welders was 33.13 (11.57) years, whereas the mean age (SD) of controls was 33.13 (10.57) years (P = 0.901). The majority (93.33%) of welders had at least one ocular manifestation, which was higher than the nonwelders, i.e., 26.67% (P < 0.01). Among welders, the most common conjunctival manifestation was congestion (36.11%). The prevalence of phototoxic maculopathy was found at 56.67% among welders and 7.78% among nonwelders (P < 0.01). All the welders used to wear only goggles as protective equipment. Prevalence of maculopathy was found to be lower among strictly adherent welders than occasional users. None of the sociodemographic variables was found associated with strict usage of goggles among welders.

Conclusion:
Chronic exposure to arc welding is associated with increased ocular disorders including phototoxic maculopathy. Policies regarding personal protective equipment usage and safety at workplaces should be implemented rigorously, even in small-scale, unorganized sectors.
Clinical profile and in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients: Findings from secondary data analysis
Authors: Semwal Jayanti , Sharma Neha , Mishra Surabhi , Uniyal Akanksha , Khanduri Rakhee , Kotwal Aarti , Das Sanjoy , Jethani Sunder L. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Uttarakhand, a hilly state in north India, reported the first coronavirus disease (COVID) case on 15 March 2020. Since then, the case numbers rose multiple folds. As Uttarakhand has been on a ‘war-footing’ amidst the recent second wave and is gearing up to fight against the third wave, the present study aims to uncover baseline clinical profile and in-hospital outcomes of COVID patients in Dehradun district (Uttarakhand) during the first wave.

Methods:
A record-based descriptive analysis was carried out for 671 COVID patients admitted to a private dedicated COVID hospital in Dehradun district between August 2020 and February 2021. Data was collected from medical records on a standardized abstraction form. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.

Results:
The present study showed most admitted COVID patients were males, aged 40 years and above, moderately ill, had co-morbidities with about one-fourth lately succumbed to death. The proportions of deaths, moderate-to-severe and severe category of illness were invariably high for those with co-morbidities irrespective of the gender. Females, age <60 years, and absence of co-morbidities had overall high mean survival estimates from COVID.

Conclusion:
Females, younger age group, and absence of co-morbidities are more likely to survive from COVID than males, older age groups, and those with co-morbidities.
Treatment of depression in the first primary care consultation: A qualitative study
Authors: Moir Fiona , Roskvist Rachel , Arroll Bruce , Louis Deanna , Walsh Esther , Buttrick Lily , Khalil Nada , Mount Vicki , Dowrick Christopher 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The first primary care consultation for patients with depression can have long-term consequences for patients, but little is known about treatment decisions at this visit. The aim of this study was to explore the treatment of patients presenting in primary care with a new episode of depression and the drivers behind GPs’ treatment decisions at the initial consultation.

Materials and Methods:
A random sample of GPs in Auckland was invited to participate. A qualitative study was undertaken using semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a general inductive approach.

Results:
Twenty-one GPs were interviewed. We identified three themes as drivers of treatment decisions at the first visit: characteristics of GPs, characteristics of patients, and characteristics of treatment options. Drivers for prescribing were severe depression and time constraints. A driver for non-pharmacological treatment was a strong doctor–patient relationship. Limited time, skill, and training were associated with low confidence using talking therapies. Access to counseling was reported as poor. There was a very wide range of approaches taken. GPs described preferring antidepressants less and talking therapies more with Māori patients. Behavioral activation was used least despite its ease of use and it being one of the most effective treatments for depression.

Conclusion:
Treatment of depression at the first visit varies widely between practitioners. GPs report multiple barriers to the provision of talking therapies. A move to a more standardized approach may lead to more equitable care. This is the first study to report findings about the initial primary care consultation for depression.
A study on biomarkers of sepsis and potential role of procalcitonin and ferritin marker in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment
Authors: Samuel Marcella Sherin , Latha Ragunathan , Kavitha Kannaiyan , Sivasubramanian Vithiavathi 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To evaluate the potential value of serum procalcitonin and serum ferritin levels in patients with clinically suspected and proven sepsis and their comparison with established inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) and total leukocyte count.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 clinically suspected cases of sepsis were included in this study and each patient was investigated for serum S. ferritin, procalcitonin, and CRP and blood cultures using the BacT/Alert system.

Results:
Serum procalcitonin at a cut-off value of >2 ng/ml is a valuable biomarker for early diagnosis in sepsis patients due to bacterial infection and has a greater predictive value than serum ferritin, CRP, or any other biomarkers.
Evaluation of the prevalence and clinical and laboratory features of acute viral myositis in children with influenza referred to the emergency department of Ali Asghar Tehran Hospital in 2019 and 2020
Authors: Delavar Motahare A. , Ebrahimi Hamidreza K. , Borhani Nafise , Karimian Pegah , Ehsanipour Fahimeh , Jafarnejad Shabahang , Esmaeilian Somayeh 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Influenza-related viral myositis is observed mostly in children with influenza, and the disease is more common in influenza type B. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence, and clinical and laboratory features of acute viral myositis in children with influenza in 2019 and 2020.

Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in Ali Asghar Hospital, from December 2019 to February 2020. Children aged 2–14 years with symptoms of acute onset of fever, along with the symptoms of influenza with or without muscle pain who referred to the emergency department of Hazrat Ali Asghar Children’s Hospital, were included in the study. The data were collected and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.

Results:
Out of the 105 participants in this study, 62 (59%) were male and the rest were female. The average age of the patients was 5.34 years (SD = 2.63). Clinical signs of lower limb pain, myalgia, lameness, weakness, and lethargy were significantly more common in patients with myositis (P-value < 0.05). In-vitro examination demonstrated that creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and aAlanine aminotransferease (ALT) levels were significantly higher in patients with myositis.

Conclusion:
Based on the present results, the clinical symptoms in patients are quite clear, and based on the symptoms, it is possible to diagnose and treat myositis without relying on laboratory findings; due to the self-limitation of this complication and lack of the need for complex treatments in case of early diagnosis, physicians can diagnose and treat many cases, depending on the clinical symptoms and the accuracy of the examination.
Prevalence of lifestyle diseases in Maharashtra: A comparison between NFHS-5 and NFHS-4 surveys
Authors: Kshirsagar Maya Vikas , Ashturkar Madhura Dhananjay 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Lifestyle diseases are non-communicable diseases (NCDs) of long duration and slow progression and are result of combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. NCDs kill approximately 41 million people (71% of global deaths) worldwide each year, which includes 14 million premature deaths aged between 30 and 70 years.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to compare prevalence of obesity, diabetes and hypertension in Maharashtra as per NFHS-4 (2015–16) and NFHS-5 survey (2019–20).

Methods:
This study was based on the data from the fifth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) and fourth round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) for the state of Maharashtra. NFHS-5 survey for Maharashtra was conducted from 19 June 2019 to 30 December 2019.

Results:
Prevalence of Diabetes was observed as 12.4% among women and 13.6% among men, prevalence of hypertension was observed 23.1% among women and 24.4% among men and prevalence of increased Waist Hip ratio was seen 44.5% among women and 40.7% among men.

Conclusion:
It has been noted that the lifestyle diseases are on the rise as compared with the last decade. The policy makers should focus all these diseases as the need of the hour.
Sleep patterns and predictors of poor sleep quality among Saudi commission residents in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia before and during covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Alhayyani Roqayya Mohammed Ahmed , Qassem Mohammad Yahya , Alhayyani Aisha Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Garni Abdulaziz Mohammed , Raffaa Hazim Saeed , Al Qarni Hassan Zaher M. , Alhumayed Razan S. , Assiri Yara Mofarih Ahmed , Alshahrany Afnan Muslah , Alfayi Banan Aedh , Asiri Fatimah Yahya , Mohammad Ahad Essa 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Sleep is an essential part of human physiology. Being a basic need for human well-being, adequate sleep is associated with good health and life quality for all individuals. Disorders of sleep may result in significant derangement in human functionality. Sleepiness among physicians affects not only their personal lives but also negatively impacts the lives of their patients.

Method:
This is an analytic cross-sectional study design conducted among 268 male and female Saudi commission residents working in public healthcare facilities in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to assess sleep patterns and determine predictors of poor sleep quality among Saudi commission residents of the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia.

Result:
The study reported that before COVID 19 pandemic, 85.1% of Saudi commission residents had poor sleep quality; however, during the pandemic, the percentage increased to 92.5% who showed poor sleep quality. Also, we found there was a significant association between different self-reported morbidities among Saudi commission residents and sleep disturbance (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study revealed that the percentage of the Saudi commission residents had poor sleep quality during pandemic higher than before with significant difference, which indicates the relation between COVID 19 pandemic and sleeps quality among Saudi commission residents.
A study of clinical pattern and seasonal variation of dermatoses in children: Contemplating findings for family physicians
Authors: Kandpal Renu , Kumar Mukesh , Patil Chetan , Hiremath Ravishekar N. , Viswanath Kasi , Sreenivas Audukoori 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Pediatric skin disorders are different from the adult type in their presentations, types, treatment and prognosis. Their presentation varies from place to place.

Aim:
To study the different clinical pattern and seasonal variation of dermatoses in children attending a multispecialty hospital in Uttar Pradesh.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted among 640 children who attended the OPD of multispecialty hospital over a period of one year. All children up to 10 years of age with cutaneous presentations were included in the study.

Results:
Study showed that there was a male preponderance among the study participants. According to the age group, school-aged children (6-10 years) constituted the highest percentage (53%) followed by toddlers or pre-school children (41%). The most common skin conditions were infections (47%) followed by eczematous group (31%) of disorders. Among the infections, the most common infections were fungal - 35.64% (107) followed by parasitic infection (31%), viral infections (20%) and then bacterial infections (12.5%). Out of total eczematous dermatoses, Atopic dermatosis was maximum in number (61; 30%). This was followed by pityriasis Alba (47; 23.15%), and acute eczemas (32; 15.76%). Third most common dermatosis was Appendageal disorder (33; 5.15%). It included 15 cases of miliaria i.e. approximately 45.45%. Seventeen (2.65%) children reported for treatment of different kind of nevi. Pigmentary disorders were seen in 16 cases (2.5%). Three nutritional disorders were also seen. Season wise, most of the cases were seen in monsoons (June to October).

Conclusions:
Dermatoses is very common in children in the western region of Uttar Pradesh. The largest group was formed by infections followed by eczemas. Few cases increased in number depending upon the weather like fungal and bacterial infections, acne, miliaria in summers and xerosis, scabies in winters. This variation strongly suggests that weather has a very important role. Thus various measures including health education programs to be initiated to control and prevent the sudden spread of the diseases. Thus, Primary care providers and family physicians being the first responders should always keep in mind the seasonal variations while dealing with dermatosis in children.