bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention to Changes on a Head-Worn Display: Two Preclinical Studies with Healthcare Scenarios
Authors: Salisbury Isaac S. , Schlosser Paul D. , Tang Tsz-Lok , Browning Caitlin , Mohamed Ismail , Grundgeiger Tobias , Loeb Robert G. , Sanderson Penelope M. 
Published: April 2022

Objective In two experiments, we examined how quickly different visual alerts on a head-worn display (HWD) would capture participants’ attention to a matrix of patient vital sign values, while multitasking. Background An HWD could help clinicians monitor multiple patients, regardless of where the clinician is located. We sought effective ways for HWDs to alert multitasking wearers to important events. Methods In two preclinical experiments, university student participants performed a visuomotor tracking task while simultaneously monitoring simulated patient vital signs on an HWD to detect abnormal values. Methods to attract attention to abnormal values included highlighting abnormal vital signs and imposing a white flash over the entire display. Results Experiment 1 found that participants detected abnormal values faster with high contrast than low contrast greyscale highlights, even while performing difficult tracking. In Experiment 2, a white flash of the entire screen quickly and reliably captured attention to vital signs, but less so on an HWD than on a conventional screen. Conclusion Visual alerts on HWDs can direct users’ attention to patient transition events (PTEs) even under high visual-perceptual load, but not as quickly as visual alerts on fixed displays. Aspects of the results have since been tested in a healthcare context. Application Potential applications include informing the design of HWD interfaces for monitoring multiple processes and informing future research on capturing attention to HWDs.
Looking out or Looking Away?—Exploring the Impact of Driving With a Passenger on Young Drivers’ Eye Glance Behavior
Authors: Mehrotra Shashank , Zhang Fangda , Roberts Shannon C. 
Published: April 2022

Objective To explore how passenger presence and the degree of association between young driver and passenger influences young drivers’ eye glance behavior when they are subjected to distraction. Background Young drivers (18–20 years old) are at an elevated crash risk when subjected to distraction. They are likely to be distracted even further when they drive with passengers. However, the eye glance behavior of these drivers when driving with passengers has not been explored. Method Eye glance data of 34 young drivers between the ages of 18 and 20 years were collected. Participants drove with and without a passenger while subjected to three distracting tasks (visual-manual, cognitive, or visual-cognitive) and driving scenarios that required driver attention. Results Visual-cognitive as well as visual-manual states of distraction result in higher mean and standard deviation of glance duration, along with higher number of glances away from road. Passenger presence is found to negatively influence young drivers’ eye glance behavior. The degree of association between the young driver and the passenger may help reduce the deviation of eye glances towards the task-related objects. Conclusion In addition to distraction, passengers have a negative influence on the eye glance behavior of young drivers. However, a high degree of association between driver and passenger may mitigate the negative impact of distraction on the eye glance behavior of young drivers. Application (non-theoretical works) This research may aid in the design of interventions that improve young drivers’ eye glance behavior when they drive with their peers.
The Effect of Handrail Cross-Sectional Design and Age on the Speed and Quality of Reach-To-Grasp Reactions to Recover Balance
Authors: Gosine Philippa , Komisar Vicki , Novak Alison C. 
Published: April 2022

Objective To determine the effect of handrail cross-section on the speed and quality of reach-to-grasp movements following balance loss in younger and older adults. Background Grasping a handrail is a common strategy for balance recovery. For handrails to be effective, the design must enable fast and accurate reactive grasping. Little is known about the effect of handrail cross-section on the timing or quality of the reach-to-grasp movement following balance loss. Methods Twenty-four younger and 16 older adults experienced incrementally increasing magnitudes of perturbations in the forward and backward direction until they were no longer able to recover balance. We analyzed the last trial where the participant could recover using only the handrail, without stepping or relying on the harness, the maximum withstood perturbation (MWP). Seven handrail cross-sections were tested. Results Handrail cross-section did not affect the speed or timing of the reach-to-grasp reaction for younger or older adults. However, handrail cross-section affected the MWP, the grip types used, and the likelihood of making an error or adjustment when grasping. The greatest MWP and fewest errors occurred with 1.5” round handrails. Conclusion The absence of common strategies for accurately grasping complex shapes (reaching more slowly), combined with the higher frequency of errors with larger handrails, suggests that both older and younger adults prioritized quickly reaching the handrail over prehension during reach-to-grasp balance reactions. Application This work provides new insights on the effect of age and handrail cross-sectional design on reach-to-grasp reactions to recover balance, which can inform safer handrail design standards.
A novel device for lower leg intermittent pneumatic compression synchronized with active ankle exercise for prevention of deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Sakai Kenta , Takahira Naonobu , Tsuda Kouji , Akamine Akihiko 
Published: April 2022

Objective Intermittent pneumatic compression devices (IPCDs) and active ankle exercises have been shown to be efficacious in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) by increasing venous flow velocity and volume. However, IPCDs are expensive and require electricity; therefore, they cannot be used in the event of power loss. We developed a non-powered device that provides lower leg intermittent pneumatic compression synchronized with AAEs (LISA) and compared its efficacy with AAEs alone in increasing the peak velocity in the femoral vein. Methods The study population consisted of 20 healthy younger men and 20 healthy older men who performed AAE every 2 s in a sitting posture under four conditions: AAE with LISA (AAE+LISA), AAE alone (AAE), AAE with IPCD, and AAE with a graduated compression stocking. Results The PVs under all conditions were significantly higher than those at rest. The PVs in the AAE+LISA condition were significantly higher than those in the AAE alone condition in both younger and older groups (both p < .001). Conclusions AAE with LISA significantly increased the PV, suggesting that LISA might be useful for preventing DVT.
Workplace’s Development of Activities and Action Plans to Prevent Violence From Clients in High-Risk Sectors
Authors: Karlsen Iben Louise , Andersen Dorte Raaby , Jaspers Sofie Østergaard , Sønderbo Andersen Lars Peter , Aust Birgit 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Interventions trying to prevent violence from clients towards employees tend to show limited effect on the risk or the frequencies of violent episodes, possibly due to a too-narrow focus on only one or a few preventive strategies. This study aimed to show what employees and line managers identify as key intervention areas for preventing violence and threats. Methods The study is based on data collected during a participatory intervention study aiming to improve violence prevention in Danish psychiatric units and prison and detention centers. In the intervention study, employees and line managers from 13 work units developed 293 suggestions and 92 action plans to prevent workplace violence. Through qualitative thematic analysis of the suggestions and action plans, we identified the main categories that work units viewed as important and realistic to work with to improve violence prevention. Results We identified 12 topics of violence prevention that work units considered relevant. Action plan topics used by more than half of the work units included: specific approaches to violence prevention (e.g., de-escalating techniques), communication between employees to transfer knowledge between shifts, and introduction to new employees and temporary workers. Topics used by three to five work units were: interdisciplinary corporation, communication and relational work, uniform approaches, organization of work, and staffing. Topics used rarely were: definition of violence and threats, policy and guidelines, support from colleagues and management, and engagement in violence prevention. For nine of the 12 topics, action plans were developed in both high-risk sectors. Conclusions The violence prevention action plans developed by work units from two high-risk sectors indicate that workplaces estimate the prevention of client-induced workplace violence to require activities on many levels and cannot be solved by a single focused approach. This variety of preventive activities needs to be considered when designing violence prevention interventions.
Does Childhood Maltreatment Lead to Low Life Success? Comparing Agency and Self-Reports
Authors: Najman Jake M. , Scott James G. , Farrington David P. , Clavarino Alexandra M. , Williams Gail M. , McGee Tara R. , Kisely Steve 
Published: April 2022

Background The long-term mental and physical health consequences of childhood maltreatment have been well documented. Less known are the longer-term consequences of childhood maltreatment, specifically the extent to which childhood maltreatment predicts adult life success. Objectives To prospectively assess the extent to which childhood experiences of physical, sexual, emotional abuse and childhood neglect predict life success at 30 years of age. Participants and Setting Data are from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a pre-birth cohort study which follows children from conception to 30 years of age. Methods Details of childhood maltreatment are from two sources; child safety agency notifications (and substantiations) linked to the survey data with self-reports of childhood experiences of maltreatment obtained at the 30-year follow-up using the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Life success is a 9-item composite measure (alpha = 0.76) obtained at the 30-year follow-up. We use logistic regression models (with control for covariates) to examine the association between overall as well as specific forms of childhood maltreatment on adult life success. We further test these models using different cut-offs and propensity analyses to adjust for loss to follow-up. Results Childhood maltreatment whether measured by agency report or self-report predicts overall low life success; agency substantiation OR = 1.88(1.14,3.08) & self-report OR = 2.60 (2.10,3.25). Self-report physical abuse, OR = 2.37(1.72,3.28); sexual abuse, OR = 2.85(2.05,3.96); emotional abuse, OR = 2.53(1.85,3.45) and neglect, OR = 2.36(1.83,3.03) all predict higher levels of low life success. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment extend to a wide range of day-to-day circumstances and extend into mid- to later life.
Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccines and Strategies to Improve Acceptability and Uptake
Authors: Nawas George T. , Zeidan Rana S. , Edwards Cole A. , El-Desoky Rania H. 
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on communities across the United States (US). Three vaccines have now been granted Emergency Use Authorization by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use in the US. However, barriers to vaccination exist, some of which are well documented in the literature, including lack of knowledge, fear, accessibility, mistrust in the healthcare system, and systemic and operational obstacles. Vaccine hesitancy in the US could potentially hinder all the efforts and resources being used to beat COVID-19, which has resulted in more than 594 000 deaths in the US per the CDC as of early June 2021. In order to overcome this pandemic, vaccine distribution and uptake is crucial. Pharmacists play a crucial role as healthcare providers as they can dismantle vaccine hesitancy and make an outstanding impact on the efforts to overcome this pandemic.
Prevalence, Microbial Etiology and Risk Factors Associated With Healthcare Associated Infections Among End Stage Renal Disease Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Abbasi Saad Hanif , Aftab Raja Ahsan , Mei Lai Pauline Siew , Lim Soo Kun , Nur Zainol Abidin Ruwaida 
Published: April 2022

End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, microbial etiology, and risk factors associated with HCAIs among ESRD patients on RRT. A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted from June to December 2019. ESRD patients with minimum of 6 months on RRT were included, while pregnant patients and patients <18 years were excluded. To reduce the risk of selection bias, all patients were randomly selected using a simple random sampling technique. The prevalence showing the proportion of patients that acquired HCAI since the initiation of dialysis until 2019 was calculated using the European patients’ academy (EUPATI) formula. Risk factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. The prevalence of HCAI among ESRD patients was 174/400 (43.5%). Catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) was the most common infection [64(36.8%)], followed by peritonitis [45(25.8%)] and pneumonia [37(21.2%)]. Out of 382 total pathogens identified, 204 (53.4%) were Gram positive and 162 (42.4%) were Gram negative. Both methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed statistically significant associations (p<0.05) with CRBSI. Use of multiple accesses, increased blood sugar levels, low serum sodium levels and higher CRP concentration increased the occurrence of HCAIs. The burden of HCAIs among the patients undergoing RRT is high. Preventive strategies and optimum empirical therapy of antibiotics should be used to reduce the risk of these infections among ESRD patients.
Extended time window mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Aburto-Murrieta Yolanda , Méndez Beatriz , Marquez-Romero Juan M 
Published: April 2022

Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains an off-label procedure seldom utilized in the pediatric population; this holds especially true for patients presenting outside the standard 6-hour time window. In this review we describe the published literature regarding usage of the extended time window EVT in pediatric stroke. We searched PubMed for all pediatric AIS cases and case series that included patients treated with extended time window EVT. We found data from 38 cases found in 27 publications (15 case reports and 12 case series). The median age was 10 years; 60.5% males. The median NIHSS before EVT was 13 with a median time-to-treatment of 11 hours. The posterior circulation was involved in 50.0%. Stent retrievers were used in 68.5%, and aspiration in 13.2%. Angiographic outcome TICI ≥2B was achieved in 84.2%, whereas TICI˂2B was reported in 10.6%. A favorable clinical outcome (NIHSS score ≤4, modified Rankin score ≤1, or Pediatric Stroke Outcome measure score ≤1) occurred in 84.2%. Eight cases that did not report the clinical outcome employing a standardized scale described mild to absent neurological residual deficits. This study found data that supports that extended window EVT produces high recanalization rates and good clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with AIS. Nevertheless, the source materials are indirect and contain substantial inconsistencies with an increased risk of bias that amount to low evidence strength.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic admissions? A single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Ayraler Taner Hande , Akın Sarı Burcu , Kaba Duygu 
Published: April 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures for controlling the pandemic adversely affected child and adolescent mental health; however, studies that examined the effects of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health services are limited. This study aimed to determine the changes in admission to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAPOC) in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year. Methods: In this study, the information regarding admissions to Başkent University Faculty of Medicine’s CAPOC between March 2019 and March 2021 was examined. Information including age, sex, admission date, the form of admission (first admission/follow-up), and the diagnosis was obtained from the electronic medical record system and the differences between the pre-pandemic period and the pandemic period were assessed. Results: It was found that during the pandemic, there was a decrease in CAPOC admissions; however, both female admissions and median age increased compared with the previous year. Also, admissions due to obsessive-compulsive disorder and somatic symptom-related disorders increased. Conclusions: Although there were fewer CAPOC admissions during the pandemic period compared with the pre-pandemic period, there were differences between the age, sex, and diagnosis distributions of the patients between the pandemic and the pre-pandemic period. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CAPOC admissions will help plan child and adolescent mental health protective measures.
Using Social Marketing to Demystify the Myths Surrounding Covid-19 Vaccination: The Mediating Role of Important Others
Authors: Coffie Isaac Sewornu , Nkukpornu Atsu , Kankam William Adomako , Ocloo Chosniel Elikem 
Published: April 2022

Background The misconceptions and conspiracy theories against the Covid-19 vaccines have been identified as potential factors that could negatively impact herd immunity for the Covid-19 vaccination. Focus of the article From the perspectives of the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study sought to determine an effective social marketing intervention to address the misconceptions about the Covid-19 vaccines. Research Hypotheses The hypotheses stipulate that perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barriers of the coronavirus will positively influence Covid-19 vaccination behavior. The study further hypothesized that subjective norms (important others) would significantly mediate the relationships. Methods Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 821 individuals from three administrative regions, which constitutes 65% of the population of Ghana. The quota and convenience sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents due to the lack of a sampling frame. Results The study’s findings show that only perceived susceptibility and the perceived barrier directly influence the Covid-19 vaccination behavior. The result, however, shows a significant improvement when important others were introduced as a mediating variable. Thus, all four constructs had a positive and significant influence on Covid-19 vaccination behavior through subjective norm (important others) as an intervening variable. The study shows the value of using opinion leaders as a communication channel in addressing the misperceptions and conspiracy theories against the Covid-19 vaccines. Recommendation for Research/Practice To effectively address the misconceptions about the Covid-19 vaccines and improve herd immunity, social marketers should identify key influencers in various communities and cities and use them in promoting the vaccination program. The study examined and found subjective norms (perceived social pressure from important others in society on an individual to perform or not to perform a behavior) as a significant mediator for promoting the Covid-19 vaccination behavior. Limitations The current study examined the mediating role of subjective norm and the HBMs' constructs. Future studies could also consider integrating subjective norm as a mediator in other behavioral change theories to predict the target audience’s behavior.
Peri-procedural variables and outcomes of long-period hemodynamic instability after carotid artery angioplasty and stenting
Authors: Li Bo , Fan Weijian , Yang Yihan , Qu Xiaofeng , Tong Jindong , Liu Yizhi , Tan Jinyun , Jiang Weijian , Yu Bo 
Published: April 2022

Objectives The aim of this study is to identify the peri-procedural risk factors and outcomes of hemodynamic instability (HI) after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods A single-center, retrospective study was performed in 168 patients who underwent CAS procedure between September 2017 and September 2020. The presence of HI, as defined by hypertension (systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg), hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg), and/or bradycardia (heart rate <60 bpm), was recorded. Long-period HI was defined as persistent HI lasting more than 24 h. Patient demographics, comorbidities, peri-procedural variables, and risk factors were recorded. Clinical outcomes including cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, myocardial infarction, and mortality within 30 days of the procedure were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of long-period HI following CAS. Results Among 168 patients (mean age, 68.2 ± 8.3 years; 81.5% male), the frequency of post-procedural long-period HI was noted in 42 patients (25.0%). Male was prone to experience HI (odds ratio, 9.156, p = 0.021). Aggressive inflation pressure (>7 atm) and 5 mm balloon for pre-dilatation were risk factors of long-period HI (OR, 7.372, p = 0.035; OR, 3.527, p = 0.023). Intraoperative peak blood pressure and larger-sized stents remained independent predictors for the development of HI (OR, 1.043, p = 0.027, and OR, 1.973, p = 0.015). Patients with prolonged HI were more likely to suffer TIA and stroke compared to other patients and significant difference was found in the occurrence of TIA ( p < 0.05). Non-significance was found in mortality rate and other outcomes. Conclusions CAS-induced HI occurs in a considerable percentage while several peri-procedural variables are determined as independent predictors to develop long-period HI. Patients with prolonged HI are associated with increased risk of neurologic events and thus standardized intervention as well as management of long-period HI are of critical importance during clinical process.
Transverse Myelitis in a Child with Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Cramer Natan 
Published: April 2022

A 16-year-old girl with a history of clavicular chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) presented with fever, vomiting, urinary and bowel retention, thigh paresthesia, and back pain for 2 days. The patient had 2 separate viral illnesses within a month prior to presentation. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed increased T2 hyperintensity of the central grey matter from C3 to the conus medullaris (Figure 1). Findings were consistent with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed elevated protein (51; reference range: <48 mg/dL), IgG index (.74; reference range <.70), and glucose (99; reference range 40-75 mg/dL). There was pleocytosis of 22 white blood cells (88% lymphocytes and 12% monocytes) with negative AQP4 and MOG antibodies. COVID-19 spike protein was positive with a negative PCR and non-immunized status, suggesting prior infection. Four months later, a pelvic MRI revealed new evidence of CRMO.