bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neuroinflammation, relieves hyperalgesia and reverses despair‐like behaviour in chronic constriction injury rats
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhu Yuanliang , Wen Xin , Zeng Fanshuo , Feng Yue , Xu Zhangyu , Xu Fangyuan , Wang Jianxiong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could effectively relieve the pain and depression in neuropathic pain (NP) patients. However, the specific treatment parameters and exact mechanism are still unclear. Our purpose is to observe the effects of rTMS on pain and despair‐like behaviour in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats and explore its possible mechanism. Thirty‐two 8‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (S, n = 8), CCI group (n = 8), 1 Hz‐rTMS group (n = 8) and 10 Hz‐rTMS group (n = 8). The rTMS was applied to the left dorsal anterior agranular insular (AId) 1 week after the operation, once a day, 5 days/week for 4 consecutive weeks. Mechanical hyperalgesia, despair‐like behaviours and sciatic nerve function were used to evaluate the effects of rTMS. Besides, glucose metabolism, the metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5), N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartic acid receptor type 2B (NMDAR2B), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (Ll‐6) and interleukin‐1β (Ll‐1β) in AId were tested to explore the possible mechanism. Compared with 1 Hz‐rTMS, the rats of 10 Hz‐rTMS had higher the mechanical hyperalgesia, higher sugar preference and shorter swimming immobility time. Besides, the expressions of mGluR5, NMDAR2B, TNF‐α, Ll‐1β and Ll‐6 both in 1 Hz‐rTMS and 10 Hz‐rTMS groups were reduced compared with the CCI group; the 10 Hz‐rTMS group had a more decrease than that of 1 Hz‐rTMS. Furthermore, the [18]F‐FDG uptake was lower than that in the 1 Hz‐rTMS group. Compared with 1 Hz‐rTMS, 10 Hz‐rTMS could more effectively relieve mechanical hyperalgesia and reverse despair‐like behaviour in rats. The mechanism could be related to regulating mGluR5/NMDAR2B‐related inflammatory signalling pathways in the AId.
A new theory for soil health
Authors: Harris James A. , Evans Daniel L. , Mooney Sacha J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe term “soil health” has captured the interest of government, and land managers, whilst the academic community has struggled to rationalise its use and wider benefit. It has proved a powerful tool in conveying best practice to a lay audience. However, the widespread adoption of the “metaphor” has resulted in calls for tools that facilitate the measurement of soil health, preferably quantitatively, and often as a single figure, for ease of use/communication and cost of monitoring. The insurmountable problem is that soil health is neither a readily quantifiable nor measurable object. Only organisms can have ‘health’, which manifests as characteristics of a living system—true of complex systems exhibiting “emergent” properties such as resilience in the face of perturbation. We pose the key question: is soil really a system capable of exhibiting “health”, or any other property emerging from a complex, connected, self‐regulating system? We argue that if you cannot detect emergent properties, you are: (i) looking at the wrong dynamic parameter; (ii) not considering the entire system; or (iii) not evaluating a system at all. We suggest that our focus should instead be on the relationships between components, complexity, and function. Using this as a basis for a new framework will allow us to assemble and align disparate threads of soil science into a cogent and coherent “new theory of soil health”, which is an essential and practical step forward for the sustainable management of global soil resources, across all land uses.HighlightsThe term “soil health” is widely used, but understood and used in different ways.Health is a characteristic of an identifiable entity – usually an organism or discrete system.To identify and measure soil health we need to discover its system properties and their dependence on complexity and connectivity.The scale at which system properties emerge is currently unclear.We suggest a broad programme of research to identify dynamic emergent properties, especially resilience, in order to determine soil health.
Genetic interaction between Scn8a and potassium channel genes Kcna1 and Kcnq2
Authors: Hill Sophie F. , Ziobro Julie M. , Jafar‐Nejad Paymaan , Rigo Frank , Meisler Miriam H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVoltage‐gated sodium and potassium channels regulate the initiation and termination of neuronal action potentials. Gain‐of‐function mutations of sodium channel Scn8a and loss‐of‐function mutations of potassium channels Kcna1 and Kcnq2 increase neuronal activity and lead to seizure disorders. We tested the hypothesis that reducing the expression of Scn8a would compensate for loss‐of‐function mutations of Kcna1 or Kcnq2. Scn8a expression was reduced by the administration of an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). This treatment lengthened the survival of the Kcn1a and Kcnq2 mutants, and reduced the seizure frequency in the Kcnq2 mutant mice. These observations suggest that reduction of SCN8A may be therapeutic for genetic epilepsies resulting from mutations in these potassium channel genes.
Blinded comparison of mirror and endoscopic oral examination in the horse: Sensitivity, specificity and observer agreement
Authors: Chiero Naomi E. , Reiswig Jeffrey D. , Griffin Cleet E. , Panigrahi Kathryn J. , Gardner Alison K. 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundDental disease is commonly encountered in equine veterinary practice. Due to the horse's deep oral cavity, direct visual examination alone is not adequate for a complete oral evaluation. Typically, a long‐handled dental mirror is used as a visual aid. Oral endoscopy is another option to improve visual examination of the mouth. Although recent literature suggests endoscopy is superior to mirror examination, these modalities have not been compared in a blinded study.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of identifying dental pathologies between oral mirror and rigid endoscopic examination, as well as evaluating the inter‐ and intra‐observer variability of each modality.Study designProspective randomised trial.MethodsTwenty‐one horses underwent oral examination using a mirror and an endoscope with video recording of both techniques. An additional six horses received both premortem and post‐mortem examinations. Two blinded observers evaluated the video recordings and identified the presence of dental pathology to determine inter‐observer and intraobserver agreement. Live examinations were compared with the six post‐mortem examinations to determine sensitivity and specificity.ResultsEndoscopy sensitivity was far superior to mirror for all pathologies (83% vs. 39%), while specificity was high for both (71% vs. 87%, respectively) when compared to the gold‐standard post‐mortem examination. Inter‐observer agreement for the presence of pathology using endoscopy was substantial and higher than mirror examination. Intra‐observer agreement was moderate to substantial.Main limitationsThe study was limited by the small number of horses and post‐mortem examinations, although sample size was increased by assessing the pathology of each tooth.ConclusionsModerate to substantial agreement was found using both endoscopy and mirror examination. Sensitivity was improved with endoscopy. Oral endoscopy may be beneficial for use in monitoring dental disease over time, as many minor pathologies do not require immediate intervention. Endoscopic and mirror videos may also prove valuable in veterinary education.
Local temperature increases reduce soil microbial residues and carbon stocks
Authors: Zeng Xiao‐Min , Feng Jiao , Yu Dai‐Lin , Wen Shu‐Hai , Zhang Qianggong , Huang Qiaoyun , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Liu Yu‐Rong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWarming is known to reduce soil carbon (C) stocks by promoting microbial respiration, which is associated with the decomposition of microbial residue carbon (MRC). However, the relative contribution of MRC to soil organic carbon (SOC) across temperature gradients is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of MRC to SOC along two independent elevation gradients of our model system (i.e., the Tibetan Plateau and Shennongjia Mountain in China). Our results showed that local temperature increases were negatively correlated with MRC and SOC. Further analyses revealed that rising temperature reduced SOC via decreasing MRC, which helps to explain future reductions in SOC under climate warming. Our findings demonstrate that climate warming has the potential to reduce C sequestration by increasing the decomposition of MRC, exacerbating the positive feedback between rising temperature and CO2 efflux. Our study also considered the influence of multiple environmental factors such as soil pH and moisture, which were more important in controlling SOC than microbial traits such as microbial life‐style strategies and metabolic efficiency. Together, our work suggests an important mechanism underlying long‐term soil C sequestration, which has important implications for the microbial‐mediated C process in the face of global climate change.
Implementing public involvement throughout the research process—Experience and learning from the GPs in EDs study
Authors: Evans Bridie Angela , Carson‐Stevens Andrew , Cooper Alison , Davies Freya , Edwards Michelle , Harrington Barbara , Hepburn Julie , Hughes Tom , Price Delyth , Siriwardena Niroshan A. , Snooks Helen , Edwards Adrian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPublic involvement in health services research is encouraged. Descriptions of public involvement across the whole research cycle of a major study are uncommon and its effects on research conduct are poorly understood.AimThis study aimed to describe how we implemented public involvement, reflect on process and effects in a large‐scale multi‐site research study and present learning for future involvement practice.MethodWe recorded public involvement roles and activities throughout the study and compared these to our original public involvement plan included in our project proposal. We held a group interview with study co‐applicants to explore their experiences, transcribed the recorded discussion and conducted thematic analysis. We synthesized the findings to develop recommendations for future practice.ResultsPublic contributors' activities went beyond strategic study planning and management to include active involvement in data collection, analysis and dissemination. They attended management, scrutiny, planning and task meetings. They also facilitated public involvement through annual planning and review sessions, conducted a Public Involvement audit and coordinated public and patient input to stakeholder discussions at key study stages. Group interview respondents said that involvement exceeded their expectations. They identified effects such as changes to patient recruitment, terminology clarification and extra dissemination activities. They identified factors enabling effective involvement including team and leader commitment, named support contact, building relationships and demonstrating equality and public contributors being confident to challenge and flexible to meet researchers' timescales and work patterns. There were challenges matching resources to roles and questions about the risk of over‐professionalizing public contributors.ConclusionWe extended our planned approach to public involvement and identified benefits to the research process that were both specific and general. We identified good practice to support effective public involvement in health services research that study teams should consider in planning and undertaking research.Public ContributionThis paper was co‐conceived, co‐planned and co‐authored by public contributors to contribute research evidence, based on their experiences of active involvement in the design, implementation and dissemination of a major health services research study.
Learning from hair moisture sorption and hysteresis
Authors: Breakspear Steven , Frueh Patrick , Neu Anna , Noecker Bernd , Popescu Crisan , Uellner Qi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe process of moisture sorption and desorption by human hair was analysed for extracting hints on the hair structure.MethodsThe isotherms of moisture sorption and desorption by hair were recorded for untreated and chemically treated (permed and bleached) hair. Data of swelling were also considered.ResultsBy examining the swelling and moisture sorption of keratin fibres, it is possible to conclude that hysteresis is quite improbably caused by capillary condensation. The mobility of the protein chains and the strength of the bonds binding water molecules to the active sites inside the matrix are proposed as causes instead. The concept of “breaking symmetry”, derived from moisture sorption– desorption data, and the method of evaluating this parameter, is proposed as a way of characterizing the chemical treatment of hair. The results show that bleaching produces a larger breaking of symmetry than perming, and this is suggested to be due to new hydrogen bonds, created as a result of the chemical treatment, replacing the original disulphide bonds, which are of different strength compared to the bonds of untreated hair. The quantitative sorption data matched well to the model of grains of matrix enveloped in layers of water molecules at increasing relative humidity, up to 100%. The analysis suggested that, aside from the glass transition event occurring at around 60%–70% relative humidity, there is another, less examined, transition occurring at around 30% relative humidity, assigned to the opening of the hair inner structure, and accommodation of more water molecules. Both transitions are reflected by corresponding changes in the fibre mechanical behaviour.ConclusionThe moisture sorption–desorption by hair was shown to not only allow a quantitative differentiation among various cosmetic treatments of the hair but to also provide valuable information on the structure of the fibre.
Tribological behavior of GNPs doped Al2O3 coating fabricated by SHVOF thermal spraying on cemented carbide
Authors: Sun Junlong , Liu Changxia , Ni Xiuying , Zhang Rui , Li Fengxun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to experimentally investigate the effect of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) doped Al2O3 coating deposited on the surface of cemented carbide substrate using suspension high velocity oxy fuel (SHVOF) thermal spraying technique. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to characterize GNPs doped Al2O3 feedstock, the surface morphologies of cemented carbide before and after spraying, and the wear track morphology of cemented carbide after wear tests. The phases of GNPs doped Al2O3 feedstock, uncoated and coated cemented carbide were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. The existence of GNPs was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. A mixture of un‐molten and molten splats formed on the surface of cemented carbide substrate after SHVOF thermal spray. The average coefficient of friction (CoF) of coated samples was slightly lower than that of uncoated samples, which might be due to the friction‐reduction effect of GNPs. The wear rate of the samples was one order of magnitude higher than that of the alumina ball, showing that the wear of samples was the main wear between the friction couples. The wear mechanism of uncoated sample was mainly fatigue spalling, and that of cemented carbide substrate coated with GNPs doped Al2O3 coating was mainly plowing and abrasive wear.
Elevated serum level of B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) after rituximab therapy in pemphigus vulgaris patients suggests a possible therapeutic efficacy of B‐cell depletion therapies combined with anti‐BAFF agents
Authors: Daneshvar Elham , Tavakolpour Soheil , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Teimourpour Amir , Aslani Saeed , Balighi Kamran 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRituximab is widely used for treatment of pemphigus patients. B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) play key roles in B cell survival, maturation, and differentiation. Here, the effect of rituximab on BAFF and APRIL in patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was studied.MethodsFifty PV cases and 56 healthy individuals were recruited. Patients received rituximab for a period of 6 months. The levels of BAFF and APRIL were measured in the serum samples. The frequency of CD19+ B cells was measured by flow cytometry.ResultsThe level of BAFF was significantly higher in the patients at the baseline level than controls (P = 0.0005). The level of BAFF was significantly higher at the 3rd month follow‐up compared to the baseline (P = 0.033). There was a significant increase in the BAFF level at the 6th month follow‐up compared to baseline (P = 0.0134). There was no significant difference in the CD19+ B cells/total lymphocytes ratio in the PV patients between the 3rd and 6th month follow‐ups.ConclusionsElevated BAFF in the sera could be associated with PV immunopathogenesis. Inhibition of BAFF after rituximab therapy might interfere with repopulation of B cells and confer a therapeutic approach in PV.
Extraction of bound phenolics from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) by combined acid and base hydrolysis procedures and analysis of phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities
Authors: Wang Xueqing , He Xingxing , Sun Chaoren , Peng Mengyun , Zhang Qianqian , Brennan Charles S. , Guan Wenqiang , Wang Fengling , Zhang Na 
Published: July 2022

SummaryShiitake mushrooms contain free phenolics (FPs) and bound phenolics (BPs). BPs embedded in mushrooms are generally neglected and underestimated. Methods of hydrolysis with acid, base and their combination in different sequences were developed to release BPs. The contents, compositions and antioxidant capacities of FPs and BPs were investigated. Results found that BPs yielded with combining base and acid hydrolysis received the highest value (25.67 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g dry weight (DW)), which was higher than FPs (20.62 mg GAE/100 g DW). LC‐ESI‐QqQ‐MS/MS analysis demonstrated that gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid presented in all BPs fractions, whereas hesperidin, luteolin, quercetin, and cinnamic acid were affected by hydrolysis methods and procedures. BPs fractions with higher phenolic content showed strong antioxidant capacities. These results demonstrate the importance of BPs and can be applied to enhance the amount and bioavailability of BPs from shiitake mushrooms and other foods.
Financing the retailer capital‐constrained supply chain with consideration of product quality and demand uncertainty
Authors: Jin Xiaodan , Zhou Hong , Wang Jiepeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA two‐echelon supply chain with a capital‐constrained retailer is investigated where uncertain demand and defective products are considered. As an intermediate between the retailer and the bank, the supplier provides a credit guarantee for the retailer. Two credit guarantee schemes are proposed, guarantee for quality and guarantee for both quality and sales (GQS). The partners' optimal decisions under different schemes are derived via Stackelberg game. As a critical influential factor to determine the financing cost, the loan interest rate is carefully examined with respect to its effect on the strategies of both partners. Furthermore, the influence of loss aversion on the participants' decisions is examined. Based on the theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, the following conclusions are drawn. First, the retailer's optimal order quantity is independent of the supplier's decision on the technology level, whereas the supplier's optimal decision is affected by the retailer's order size. Second, financing is not always attractive to the retailer, and is adopted only with a reasonably lower loan interest rate. Third, the GQS scheme is a win–win strategy for the supply chain if the loan interest rate is relatively high. Finally, the loss‐averse strategy is more robust for the retailer when the demand is volatile and unpredictable.
Reflections on the implementation and evaluation of a system‐wide improvement programme based on the fundamentals of care: Lessons learned
Authors: Aspinall Cathleen , Johnstone Penelope , Parr Jenny M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo demonstrate how implementing a system‐wide measurement and improvement programme can make the delivery of the Fundamentals of Care visible in practice.DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesA retrospective evaluation of the experience of implementing a system‐wide peer review programme using the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework.Implications for NursingImplementing this programme engages nursing leaders at all levels in fundamental care delivery, evaluation and improvement. It positions nursing leaders as accountable for and champions of fundamental care.ConclusionThe peer review programme offers a solution to the complex challenge of measuring the fundamentals of care in practice. Successful implementations of this programme at two New Zealand inpatient sites have shown positive results in improved care and patient experience. This makes it worthy of consideration for other health organizations. Nursing leadership has proven to be critical to success. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework highlights the components that assist with successful implementation and assists in presenting a case for change.ImpactThis paper addressed the problem of the lack of action and dearth of quality, integrated data, visibility of the patient experience and the contribution of nursing leadership in an inpatient setting. Findings indicate that the peer review programme is translatable, modifiable and sensitive to ethnicity and disability. Using the implementation framework to evaluate the process has provided a guide for future implementations.
Guilt by association, change by individuation: Examining the role of guilt and efficacy in mitigating collective risks
Authors: Suresh Sapna , Walter Nathan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch assessing the persuasiveness of guilt has generally focused on appeals made to larger groups (collective guilt) or to individuals (personal guilt). However, a direct comparison of the two messaging strategies is crucial to discerning effective methods of behavior change in the context of risks to wellbeing where issue responsibility lies with the community at large and the burden of action to create measurable change is also shared. Furthermore, although efficacy messaging has been widely used to improve individuals' beliefs about their ability to engage in desired tasks and achieve goals, limited empirical evidence exists on the use of guilt and efficacy in concert to promote strategic communication outcomes. Informed by prior studies on guilt, efficacy, and collective emotions, the present research used a message‐based intervention to experimentally manipulate the responsibility level of guilt (collective vs. personal) and the target level of efficacy (collective vs. self) in the context of an environmental health risk (Study 1, N = 211) and a socioeconomic risk (Study 2, N = 264). Across both studies, results indicated that pairing collective guilt appeals with self‐efficacy messaging most effectively elicits risk‐mitigating attitudes and intentions for shared problems. Beyond the theoretical implications for the literature on discrete emotions and persuasion, the findings highlight the need to consider both the type of guilt and efficacy appeals when designing campaigns that address collective concerns.