bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excess all-cause deaths stratified by sex and age in Peru: a time series analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ramírez-Soto Max Carlos , Ortega-Cáceres Gutia , Arroyo-Hernández Hugo 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIn this study, we estimated excess all-cause deaths and excess death rates during the COVID-19 pandemic in 25 Peruvian regions, stratified by sex and age group.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwenty-five Peruvian regions with complete mortality data.ParticipantsAnnual all-cause official mortality data set from SINADEF (Sistema Informático Nacional de Defunciones) at the Ministry of Health of Peru for 2017–2020, disaggregated by age and sex.Main outcome measuresExcess deaths and excess death rates (observed deaths vs expected deaths) in 2020 by sex and age (0–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 and ≥80 years) were estimated using P-score. The ORs for excess mortality were summarised with a random-effects meta-analysis.ResultsIn the period between January and December 2020, we estimated an excess of 68 608 (117%) deaths in men and 34 742 (69%) deaths in women, corresponding to an excess death rate of 424 per 100 000 men and 211 per 100 000 women compared with the expected mortality rate. The number of excess deaths increased with age and was higher in men aged 60–69 years (217%) compared with women (121%). Men between the ages of 40 and 79 years experienced twice the rate of excess deaths compared with the expected rate. In eight regions, excess deaths were higher than 100% in men, and in seven regions excess deaths were higher than 70% in women. Men in eight regions and women in one region had two times increased odds of excess death than the expected mortality. There were differences in excess mortality according to temporal distribution by epidemiological week.ConclusionApproximately 100 000 excess all-cause deaths occurred in 2020 in Peru. Age-stratified excess death rates were higher in men than in women. There was strong excess in geographical and temporal mortality patterns according to region.
Cohort profile: genomic data for 26 622 individuals from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Forgetta Vincenzo , Li Rui , Darmond-Zwaig Corinne , Belisle Alexandre , Balion Cynthia , Roshandel Delnaz , Wolfson Christina , Lettre Guillaume , Pare Guillaume , Paterson Andrew D , Griffith Lauren E , Verschoor Chris , Lathrop Mark , Kirkland Susan , Raina Parminder , Richards J Brent , Ragoussis Jiannis 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThe Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive cohort was established to provide unique opportunities to study the genetic and environmental contributions to human disease as well as ageing process. The aim of this report was to describe the genomic data included in CLSA.ParticipantsA total of 26 622 individuals from the CLSA Comprehensive cohort of men and women aged 45–85 recruited between 2010 and 2015 underwent genome-wide genotyping of DNA samples collected from blood. Comprehensive quality control metrics were measured for genetic markers and samples, respectively. The genotypes were imputed to the TOPMed reference panel. Sex chromosome abnormalities were identified by copy number profiling. Classical human leukocyte antigen gene haplotypes were imputed at two-field (four-digit).Findings to dateOf the 26 622 genotyped participants, 24 655 (92.6%) were identified as having European ancestry. These genomic data were linked to physical, lifestyle, medical, economic, environmental and psychosocial factors collected longitudinally in CLSA. The combined analysis, including CLSA genomic data, uncovered over 100 novel loci associated with key parameters to define glaucoma. The CLSA genomic dataset validated the contribution of a polygenic risk score to screen individuals with high fracture risk. It is also a valuable resource to directly identify common genetic variations associated with conditions related to complex traits. Taking advantage of the comprehensive interview and physical information collected in CLSA, this genomic dataset has been linked to psychosocial factors to investigate both the independent and interactive effects on cardiovascular disease.Future plansThe CLSA overall is ongoing. Follow-up data will continue to be collected from participants in the current genomic subcohort, including the DNA methylation and metabolomic data. Ongoing studies focus on elucidating the role of genetic factors in cognitive decline and cardiovascular diseases. This genomic data resource is available on request through the CLSA data access application process.
Patient, physician and geographic predictors of cardiac stress testing strategy in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Roifman Idan , Han Lu , Fang Jiming , Chu Anna , Austin Peter , Ko Dennis T , Douglas Pamela , Wijeysundera Harindra 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo identify patient, physician and geographic level factors that are associated with variation in initial stress testing strategy in patients evaluated for chest pain.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPopulation-based study of patients undergoing evaluation for chest pain in Ontario, Canada between 1 January 2011 and 31 March 2018.Participants103 368 patients who underwent stress testing (graded exercise stress testing (GXT), stress echocardiography (stress echo) or myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)) following evaluation for chest pain.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo identify the patient, physician and geographic level factors associated with variation in initial test selection, we fit two separate 2-level hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models for which the outcome was initial stress testing strategy (GXT, MPI or stress echo).ResultsThere was significant variability in the initial type of stress test performed, with approximately 50% receiving a GXT compared with approximately 36% who received MPI and 14% who received a stress echo. Physician-level factors were key drivers of this variation, accounting for up to 59.0% of the variation in initial testing. Physicians who graduated medical school >30 years ago were approximately 45% more likely to order an initial stress echo (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.80) than a GXT. Cardiovascular disease specialists were approximately sevenfold more likely to order an initial MPI (OR 7.35, 95% CI 5.38 to 10.03) than a GXT. Patients aged >70 years were approximately fivefold more likely to receive an MPI (OR 4.74, 95% CI 4.42 to 5.08) and approximately 26% more likely to receive a stress echo (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.38) than a GXT.ConclusionsWe report significant variability in initial stress testing strategy in Ontario. Much of that variability was driven by physician-level factors that could potentially be addressed through educational campaigns geared at reducing this variability and improving guideline adherence.
Sexual and gender harassment and use of psychotropic medication among Swedish workers: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Blindow Katrina Julia , Paulin Johan , Hanson Linda Magnusson , Johnell Kristina , Nyberg Anna 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the prospective association between the exposure to three types of gender-based violence and harassment (GBVH) and psychotropic medication.MethodsInformation on three measures of workplace GBVH—sexual harassment (1) from superiors or colleagues, (2) from others (eg, clients) and (3) gender harassment from superiors or colleagues—were retrieved from the biannual Swedish Work Environment Survey 2007–2013 (N=23 449), a representative sample of working 16–64 years old registered in Sweden. The survey answers were merged with data on antidepressants, hypnotics/sedatives and anxiolytics from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Cox proportional hazards analyses with days to purchase as time scale and first instance of medicine purchase as failure event were fitted, adjusted for demographic and workplace factors.ResultsWorkers who reported exposure to gender harassment only (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.36), to sexual but not gender harassment (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.40), or to gender and sexual harassment (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.60) had an excess risk of psychotropics use in comparison to workers who reported neither of the exposures in the past 12 months. We found no interaction between the exposures and gender in the association with psychotropics use.ConclusionsExposure to sexual or gender harassment at the workplace may contribute to the development of mental disorders.
R-matrix calculations for elastic electron and positron scattering from pyrazine: effect of the polarization description
Authors: Graves Vincent , Gorfinkiel Jimena D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We present R-matrix calculations of electron and positron low energy scattering from the highly polarizable pyrazine molecule. We compare integral and differential elastic cross sections with experimental results and assess the quality of the models used for describing collisions of either projectile. Static-exchange-plus-polarization models give a good description of electron scattering (including that of shape resonances), whereas both the integral and small-angle differential cross sections are underestimated for positron collisions for the same models. We discuss whether the absence of a permanent dipole moment improves the comparison with experiment for this molecule, as well as future calculations that may improve the description of polarization effects and thus positron scattering.

Graphical abstract
Complex-valued Neural Network-based Quantum Language Models
Authors: Zhang Peng , Hui Wenjie , Wang Benyou , Zhao Donghao , Song Dawei , Lioma Christina , Simonsen Jakob Grue 
Published: March 2022

Language modeling is essential in Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval related tasks. After the statistical language models, Quantum Language Model (QLM) has been proposed to unify both single words and compound terms in the same probability space without extending term space exponentially. Although QLM achieved good performance in ad hoc retrieval, it still has two major limitations: (1) QLM cannot make use of supervised information, mainly due to the iterative and non-differentiable estimation of the density matrix, which represents both queries and documents in QLM. (2) QLM assumes the exchangeability of words or word dependencies, neglecting the order or position information of words.
This article aims to generalize QLM and make it applicable to more complicated matching tasks (e.g., Question Answering) beyond ad hoc retrieval. We propose a complex-valued neural network-based QLM solution called C-NNQLM to employ an end-to-end approach to build and train density matrices in a light-weight and differentiable manner, and it can therefore make use of external well-trained word vectors and supervised labels. Furthermore, C-NNQLM adopts complex-valued word vectors whose phase vectors can directly encode the order (or position) information of words. Note that complex numbers are also essential in the quantum theory. We show that the real-valued NNQLM (R-NNQLM) is a special case of C-NNQLM.
The experimental results on the QA task show that both R-NNQLM and C-NNQLM achieve much better performance than the vanilla QLM, and C-NNQLM’s performance is on par with state-of-the-art neural network models. We also evaluate the proposed C-NNQLM on text classification and document retrieval tasks. The results on most datasets show that the C-NNQLM can outperform R-NNQLM, which demonstrates the usefulness of the complex representation for words and sentences in C-NNQLM.
Efficacy of Crizotinib Combined with Chemotherapy in Treating Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and Effect on Patients’ Quality of Life and Adverse Reaction Rate
Authors: Ma Zaiqi , Wang Yun , Sun Yonghua , Lin Gaoyang , Zhao Zhenqing 
Published: March 2022

Purpose. To explore the efficacy of crizotinib combined with chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its effect on patients’ quality of life (QOL) and adverse reaction rate (ARR). Methods. 90 advanced NSCLC patients admitted to our hospital (from 01, 2019 to 01, 2020) were chosen as the research objects and randomly split into the control group (CG) and experimental group (EG) by flipping a coin, with 45 cases each. Chemotherapy was performed to CG, and the crizotinib treatment was introduced to EG on this basis, so as to compare their clinical efficacy, ARR and 3-year survival rate, and QOL before and after intervention by the Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74). Results. Compared with CG, EG after treatment obtained obviously higher total clinical effective rate (

P

< 0.001), lower total ARR (

P

< 0.05), higher GQOLI-74 scores (

P

< 0.001), and higher 3-year survival rate (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. Combining crizotinib with chemotherapy to advanced NSCLC patients can effectively improve the patients’ level of quality of life, prolong the long-term survival rate, and present a better effect than single chemotherapy. Further study is conducive to establishing a better treatment scheme for advanced NSCLC patients.
HPV and DNA Methylation Testing in Urine for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer Detection
Authors: van den Helder Rianne , Steenbergen Renske D.M. , van Splunter Annina P. , Mom Constantijne H. , Tjiong Ming Y. , Martin Ivonne , Rosier-van Dunné Fleur M.F. , van der Avoort Irene A.M. , Bleeker Maaike C.G. , van Trommel Nienke E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Biomarker detection in urine offers a potential solution to increase effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs by attracting nonresponders. In this prospective study, the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA and the performance of DNA methylation analysis was determined for the detection of cervical cancer and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2/3) in urine, and compared with paired cervicovaginal self-samples and clinician-taken cervical scrapes.

Experimental Design:
A total of 587 samples were included from 113 women with cervical cancer, 92 women with CIN2/3, and 64 controls. Samples were tested for hrHPV DNA and five methylation markers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and leave-one-out cross-validation were used to determine the methylation marker performance for CIN3 and cervical cancer (CIN3+) detection in urine. Agreement between samples was determined using Cohen kappa statistics and the Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results:
HrHPV presence was high in all sample types, 79% to 92%. Methylation levels of all markers in urine significantly increased with increasing severity of disease. The optimal marker panel (ASCL1/LHX8) resulted in an AUC of 0.84 for CIN3+ detection in urine, corresponding to an 86% sensitivity at a 70% predefined specificity. At this threshold 96% (109/113) of cervical cancers, 68% (46/64) of CIN3, and 58% (14/24) of CIN2 were detected. Between paired samples, a strong agreement for HPV16/18 genotyping and a fair to strong correlation for methylation was found.

Conclusions:
HrHPV DNA and DNA methylation testing in urine offers a promising solution to detect cervical cancer and CIN2/3 lesions, especially for women currently unreached by conventional screening methods.
Sweet Beverages and Cancer: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Studies
Authors: Yeary Karen Hye-cheon Kim , Quisenberry Amanda J. , Hall Marissa G. , Yu Han , Henry Whitney Ann E. , Rodriguez Elisa Marie , Zoellner Jamie M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe conducted a scoping review of sweet beverages (SB) and cancer outcomes to ascertain SB's relationship with cancer by SB type and cancer type. We used the PRISMA Scoping Review Guidelines to review quantitative studies of SB and cancer. Eligible studies included articles reporting a quantitative association between SB intake and a cancer-related health outcome in humans, including adiposity-related versus non–adiposity-related cancers. Studies included analyses not confounded by artificial sweeteners. SB was defined as beverages with added sugars, 100% fruit juices, or fruit drinks that were not 100% fruit juice. We used a data-charting form to extract study characteristics and results.A total of 38 were included. The sample consisted predominately of adults from European countries outside of the United States or predominately White samples in the United States. Across all conceptualizations of SB, a greater proportion of studies examining carbonated drinks reported SB's relationship with poorer cancer outcomes, which was exacerbated in adiposity-related cancers.The composition of different types of SB (e.g., high fructose corn syrup, natural fructose) as they relate to cancer is important. Studies including more diverse populations that bear a disproportionate burden of both SB intake and cancer are needed.Prevention Relevance:Different sugars in SB may impact cancer differently. Compared with SB made with other types of sugar, drinks made with man-made fructose (carbonated drinks) had poorer cancer outcomes, especially in cancers impacted by obesity. Understanding how different SB affect cancer would help us target which SB to avoid.
Two Jungs: Two Sciences?
Authors: Saban Mark 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tendencies co-exist within the field of analytical psychology. The first is to locate Jung’s psychology within the established bounds of official science (by for example insisting on its implicit consistency with orthodox scientific findings). The second is to make claims that Jung’s psychology is extra- (or super-) scientific. It seems to me however that neither approach can do justice to the difficulty of the problem Jung has set us. In order to develop a third approach I place Jung’s problematic engagement with science into a creative encounter with the philosophical ideas of Deleuze & Guattari. The French philosophers distinguish two contrasting ways of doing science: “Royal” or “state” science privileges the fixed, stable and constant. “Nomad” or “minor” science emphasizes the malleable, fluid, and metamorphic nature of being. These are not alternatives but “ontologically, a single field of interaction” (Deleuze & Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, p. 367). When it comes to Jung’s writings on science, the irredeemable ambiguity of his psychology shows up in what appear to be two contradictory approaches. One highlights the intrinsically scientific nature of his project and insists upon his empiricism. The other takes the form of a profound and relentless critique of the materialistic, reductive and rationalistic assumptions Jung finds behind the scientific approach. My suggestion here is that the dynamic tension between these two opposing visions of science that forms the crucial condition for the on-going individuation of his psychology.
Processes and Mechanisms of Persistent Extreme Rainfall Events in the Antarctic Peninsula during Austral Summer
Authors: Wang Sai , Ding Minghu , Liu Ge , Chen Wen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Using ERA-Interim and output of the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) forced by ERA-Interim, this study investigates the mechanisms governing the persistent extreme rainfall events (PEREs) in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) during austral summer (December–February) for the period 1980–2017. Due to the topography’s blocking effect on the warm and humid airflow, the increase in the rainfall is concentrated over the western AP during the periods of the PEREs. Contributed mainly by the low-frequency variations, the positive rainfall anomalies on the western AP can persist for multiple days, leading to the persistence of the extreme rainfall events. The additional rainfall anomalies can be attributed to the increase in the total precipitation. Through regulating the total precipitation, the low-frequency atmospheric circulation anomalies are vital to the formation of the PEREs. Specifically, a persistent circulation pattern with an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) to the east (west) of the AP is conductive to the enhancement of poleward moisture fluxes. As a result, the total precipitation around the AP is strengthened, as well as the rainfall. Further investigation reveals that the barotropic feedback of the high-frequency eddies plays an important role in maintaining the low-frequency circulation anomalies.
Farmers’ Strategies for Drought Adaptation Based on the Indigenous Knowledge System: The Case of Iran
Authors: Aliabadi Vahid , Ataei Pouria , Gholamrezai Saeed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Considering the widespread and cross-cultural effects of climate on various production sectors, environmental factors, and human societies, drought is nowadays regarded as one of the most important environmental challenges of the current century. Because of their close relationship with the natural environment and their limited opportunities, rural communities have long been exposed to drought, and farmers in dry and semiarid regions have been applying measures to adapt to and cope with it. The main purpose of this study was to investigate and identify farmers’ native methods to reduce the effects of drought. The research method was phenomenological and survey based. The population included villagers in Kangavar County, Kermanshah Province, in Iran. Sampling was done by the targeted and snowflake method. The data collection instrument was an in-depth interview in the qualitative section and a self-designed questionnaire in the quantitative section. The results showed that farmers used different measures for coping with and adapting to drought, including using no-tillage farming; uprooting trees with high water demands; hope and oblation; mulching; reducing, changing, and/or mixing livestock types (reaction behaviors); diversifying the sources of livelihoods; changing cropping patterns; correcting irrigation practices; changing planting time; seeding before the drought; and using water storage techniques (fractional behaviors). In addition, farmers had a weaker capability to cope with the environmental, economic, and social vulnerabilities than with drought. This presented the vulnerability of farmers to drought in all economic, social, and environmental spheres.
A “GAP” in Activation: A Better Way to Manage Geriatric and Anticoagulated Patients with Head Trauma
Authors: Lee Janet S. , Khan Abid D. , Brockman Valerie , Schroeppel Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Background Older age and anticoagulant use have been associated with worse outcomes in trauma. At the study institution, elderly and anticoagulated patients with suspected traumatic brain injury (TBI) were previously triaged as a second tier trauma team activation (TTA) with a high rate of over-triage. A novel “GAP” (Geriatric or Anticoagulated Pathway) alert was created to streamline care delivery to these patients. The purpose of the study is to assess the efficacy and outcomes of the GAP alert. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on adult patients presenting to a level-1 trauma center from 1/2018-12/2020. The GAP alert was implemented in 2/2018. The GAP alert group was compared to the second tier TTA group. Results 1743 patients were identified. 504 (29%) received a GAP alert. GAP alert patients were older (79 years vs 47 years, P < .0001), had a lower injury severity score (ISS) (8.6 vs 9.9, P = .006), and had a higher rate of pre-injury anticoagulant use (28.4% vs 2.5%, P < .0001). The in-hospital mortality was higher in the GAP group (2.4% vs .7%, P = .004). On multivariable logistic regression, GAP alert was not identified as a predictor of mortality. Age, ISS, and pre-injury anticoagulant use predicted mortality. During the study period, the number of GAP alerts increased ( B = .15, P = .003) and the number of second tier TTAs decreased ( B = −.33, P < .0001). Conclusion Implementation of the GAP alert led to a decrease in trauma resource utilization while providing timely diagnosis and treatment of geriatric patients or those on anticoagulation medication with suspected TBI.