bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erwartungen der Generation Y an digitale Gesundheitsinnovationen
Authors: Kreyenschulte Thea , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Als „Generation Y“ werden jüngere Erwachsene bezeichnet, die im ungefähren Zeitraum von 1980–2000 geboren wurden. Der Generation wird zugeschrieben, digital affin und technisch versiert zu sein. Somit kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass bei diesen Menschen ein verstärkter Wunsch besteht, im Bedarfsfall digitale Innovationen der Gesundheitsversorgung zu nutzen. Die genauen diesbezüglichen Erwartungen sind jedoch weitestgehend unbekannt. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Erwartungen und Bedarfe der Generation Y genauer zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Zur Datenerhebung wurden im April 2021 5 Fokusgruppeninterviews mit jeweils 6 Personen zwischen 23 und 36 Jahren geführt, wobei pro Gruppe 3 Personen im Gesundheitsbereich tätig waren. Das Interviewmaterial wurde anhand der Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Bei den Befragten bestand u. a. die Erwartung, niedrigschwellige digitale Innovationen der Gesundheitsversorgung zu nutzen. Zudem zeigte sich ein großer Bedarf an Gesundheitsinformationen. Im Vordergrund stand die Steigerung der Effizienz im Alltag, insbesondere eine Verringerung des Zeitaufwands. Einflüsse der Coronapandemie auf die Erwartungen konnten beobachtet werden.

Diskussion
3 Funktionen von digitalen Anwendungen stellen sich als besonders relevant heraus: „Verwaltung“, „Tracking“ und „Information“. Zu diesen wurden Präferenzprofile der Generation Y erstellt. Passgenaue Angebote digitaler Innovationen könnten helfen, zielgruppenspezifische Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention konkreter umzusetzen und einen Mehrwert für Menschen der Generation Y zu generieren. Da der Alltag der Zielgruppe bereits von Digitalisierung und digitalen Innovationen geprägt ist, liegt hier großes Potenzial.
Kostenübernahme bariatrischer Operationen ohne Antragstellung – Erfahrungen in einem deutschen Adipositaszentrum
Authors: Auf der Maur Isabel , Gero Daniel , Kampmann Gesa , Prediger Tobias , Schopf Stefan , Peters Jutta , Widmer Jeannette , Deerberg-Wittram Jens , Köhler-Hohmann Christel , Bueter M. , Thalheimer Andreas 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Nur ein kleiner Teil der Patienten mit morbider Adipositas hat in Deutschland Zugang zur derzeit effektivsten Therapie, der bariatrischen Operation. Ein wesentlicher Grund ist die restriktive Haltung der Krankenkassen hinsichtlich der Kostenübernahme.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Erfassung der postoperativen Rate an Kostenübernahmen durch die Krankenkassen ohne die derzeit übliche präoperative Antragstellung bei morbid adipösen Patienten, die eine leitliniengerecht indizierte bariatrische Operation in einem Adipositaszentrum in Bayern erhalten.

Methodik
Der Prozess der postoperativen Kostenübernahmen wurde durch eine prospektive Datenbank im Zeitraum von 2 Jahren evaluiert. Die Fälle primärer Kostenübernahme wurden hinsichtlich Alter, BMI, Komorbiditäten und der Mitgliedschaft in einer bestimmten Krankenkasse korreliert. Abgelehnte Kostenübernahmen wurden bezüglich des weiteren anwaltschaftlichen und sozialgerichtlichen Prozesses verfolgt.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 188 Patienten ohne vorherige Antragstellung einer leitliniengerecht indizierten bariatrischen Operation zugeführt. Die primäre Kostenübernahme erfolgte in 76,6 % (n = 144). Es ergab sich keine Korrelation mit dem BMI, Komorbiditäten oder der Zugehörigkeit zu einer bestimmten Krankenkasse. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer postoperativen Kostenübernahme war bei Patienten über 40 Jahren signifikant wahrscheinlicher. Bei den Patienten ohne postoperative Kostenübernahme wurde in 7 Fällen eine außergerichtliche Einigung erreicht, 8 Fälle wurden rechtshängig, und 29 Fälle waren in anwaltschaftlicher Bearbeitung.

Diskussion
Trotz der relativ hohen Rate primärer Kostenübernahmen zeigt sich auch in dieser Analyse die restriktive Haltung der Krankenkassen bezüglich der bariatrischen Operation mit entsprechendem ökonomischem Druck auf die Leistungserbringer. Die konsequente Umsetzung des antragsfreien Operierens erscheint notwendig, um den politischen Druck auf die Krankenversicherungen und Sozialgerichte zu erhöhen.
An aggregate approach to estimating quality of life in micropolitan areas
Authors: Weinstein Amanda L. , Hicks Michael , Wornell Emily 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBecause of their reliance on large samples of micro-level housing and wage data, quality of life studies using Rosen–Roback models have focused almost exclusively on metropolitan areas, largely ignoring non-metropolitan areas. Although understandable given data constraints, this dominant focus on metropolitans has limited the data-driven approaches available to policymakers concerned with community and economic development in small cities, or micropolitan areas. To address this gap, we develop an aggregate approach to estimate both quality of life and quality of the business environment in micropolitan areas utilizing county-level housing and wage data that can be used when large samples of micro-level data are unavailable. Specifically, we use the county residuals from wage and housing regressions to replace the fixed effects typically estimated from the micro-level estimations in quality of life studies. We find compelling evidence that higher quality of life is not only associated with higher employment and population growth and lower poverty rates, but that it is more important than quality of the business environment in determining the success of micropolitan areas.
The study of the roundness and cylindricity deviations of parts produced with the use of the additive manufacturing
Authors: Świderski Jacek , Makieła Włodzimierz , Dobrowolski Tomasz , Stępień Krzysztof , Zuperl Uros 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe paper is dedicated to the evaluation of the accuracy of rotary parts produced with the use of advanced manufacturing technology. The authors investigated the impact of the layer thickness of the applied material and the orientation of the model when printing using the PolyJet method™ on the geometrical quality of manufactured products. To analyze the influence of the assumed factors on the geometrical quality of the holes, a novel evaluation method has been developed. The proposed method takes into account parameters such as roundness deviation, profile irregularity coefficient, dominant harmonic component of the roundness profile, cylindricity deviation, diameter error, and surface topography parameters. The study presented in this paper had two main objectives. The former was to analyze the impact of the layer thickness of the applied material and the orientation of the model when printing using the PolyJet method™ on the geometrical quality of rotary parts. The latter objective was to test a novel, multi-parametric method of evaluation of the accuracy of produced parts in practice. The results obtained by the authors prove that the new evaluation method can be useful in the assessment of the accuracy of manufactured products.
Egyptian cobra (Naja haje haje) venom phospholipase A2: a promising antiviral agent with potent virucidal activity against simian rotavirus and bovine coronavirus
Authors: Salama Walaa H. , Shaheen Mohamed N. F. , Shahein Yasser E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractViral infections are linked to a variety of human diseases. Despite the achievements made in drug and vaccine development, several viruses still lack preventive vaccines and efficient antiviral compounds. Thus, developing novel antiviral agents is of great concern, particularly the natural products that are promising candidates for such discoveries. In this study, we have purified an approximately 15 kDa basic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme from the Egyptian cobra Naja haje haje venom. The purified N. haje PLA2 showed a specific activity of 22 units/mg protein against 6 units/mg protein for the whole crude venom with 3.67-fold purification. The antiviral activity of purified N. haje PLA2 has been investigated in vitro against bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and simian rotavirus (RV SA-11). Our results showed that the CC50 of PLA2 were 33.6 and 29 µg/ml against MDBK and MA104 cell lines, respectively. Antiviral analysis of N. haje PLA2 showed an inhibition of BCoV and RV SA-11 infections with a therapeutic index equal to 33.6 and 16, respectively. Moreover, N. haje PLA2 decreased the BCoV and RV SA-11 titers by 4.25 log10 TCID50 and 2.5 log10 TCID50, respectively. Thus, this research suggests the potential antiviral activity of purified N. haje PLA2 against BCoV and RV SA-11 infections in vitro.
From target analysis to suspect and non-target screening of endocrine-disrupting compounds in human urine
Authors: Musatadi Mikel , Caballero Claudia , Mijangos Leire , Prieto Ailette , Olivares Maitane , Zuloaga Olatz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the present work, a target analysis method for simultaneously determining 24 diverse endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in urine (benzophenones, bisphenols, parabens, phthalates and antibacterials) was developed. The target analysis approach (including enzymatic hydrolysis, clean-up by solid-phase extraction and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)) was optimized, validated and applied to volunteers’ samples, in which 67% of the target EDCs were quantified. For instance, benzophenone-3 (0.2–13 ng g−1), bisphenol A (7.7–13.7 ng g−1), methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate (8–254 ng g−1), mono butyl phthalate (2–17 ng g−1) and triclosan (0.3–9 ng g−1) were found at the highest concentrations, but the presence of other analogues was detected as well. The developed target method was further extended to suspect and non-target screening (SNTS) by means of LC coupled to high-resolution MS/MS. First, well-defined workflows for SNTS were validated by applying the previously developed method to an extended list of compounds (83), and then, to the same real urine samples. From a list of approximately 4000 suspects, 33 were annotated at levels from 1 to 3, with food additives/ingredients and personal care products being the most abundant ones. In the non-target approach, the search was limited to molecules containing S, Cl and/or Br atoms, annotating 4 pharmaceuticals. The results from this study showed that the combination of the lower limits of detection of MS/MS and the identification power of high-resolution MS/MS is still compulsory for a more accurate definition of human exposome in urine samples.
Graphical abstract
Artificial intelligence guided enhancement of digital PET: scans as fast as CT?
Authors: Hosch René , Weber Manuel , Sraieb Miriam , Flaschel Nils , Haubold Johannes , Kim Moon-Sung , Umutlu Lale , Kleesiek Jens , Herrmann Ken , Nensa Felix , Rischpler Christoph , Koitka Sven , Seifert Robert , Kersting David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Both digital positron emission tomography (PET) detector technologies and artificial intelligence based image post-reconstruction methods allow to reduce the PET acquisition time while maintaining diagnostic quality. The aim of this study was to acquire ultra-low-count fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) ExtremePET images on a digital PET/computed tomography (CT) scanner at an acquisition time comparable to a CT scan and to generate synthetic full-dose PET images using an artificial neural network.

Methods
This is a prospective, single-arm, single-center phase I/II imaging study. A total of 587 patients were included. For each patient, a standard and an ultra-low-count FDG PET/CT scan (whole-body acquisition time about 30 s) were acquired. A modified pix2pixHD deep-learning network was trained employing 387 data sets as training and 200 as test cohort. Three models (PET-only and PET/CT with or without group convolution) were compared. Detectability and quantification were evaluated.

Results
The PET/CT input model with group convolution performed best regarding lesion signal recovery and was selected for detailed evaluation. Synthetic PET images were of high visual image quality; mean absolute lesion SUVmax (maximum standardized uptake value) difference was 1.5. Patient-based sensitivity and specificity for lesion detection were 79% and 100%, respectively. Not-detected lesions were of lower tracer uptake and lesion volume. In a matched-pair comparison, patient-based (lesion-based) detection rate was 89% (78%) for PERCIST (PET response criteria in solid tumors)-measurable and 36% (22%) for non PERCIST-measurable lesions.

Conclusion
Lesion detectability and lesion quantification were promising in the context of extremely fast acquisition times. Possible application scenarios might include re-staging of late-stage cancer patients, in whom assessment of total tumor burden can be of higher relevance than detailed evaluation of small and low-uptake lesions.
The Rise and Fall of Energy Democracy: 5 Cases of Collaborative Governance in Energy Systems
Authors: Berthod Olivier , Blanchet Thomas , Busch Henner , Kunze Conrad , Nolden Colin , Wenderlich Michelle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA wide range of actors are seeking to democratize energy systems. In the collaborative governance process of energy system transitions to net zero, however, many energy democracy concepts are watered down or abandoned entirely. Using five renewable energy case studies, we first explore the diversity of energy democratizing system challengers and bottom-up actors. Secondly, we analyze the role of conflict and challenges arising from the subsequent collaborative governance process and identify what appear to be blind spots in the CG literature. Our case studies on Berlin (GER), Jena (GER), Kalmar (SWE), Minneapolis (US) and Southeast England (UK) include different types of policy processes and actors. They suggest that actors championing energy democracy principles play an important role in opening participation in the early stages of collaborative energy transition governance. As collaborative governance progresses, participation tends to be increasingly restricted. We conclude that collaborative processes by themselves are insufficient in maintaining energy democracy principles in the energy transition. These require institutional embedding of participative facilitation and consensus building. The Kalmar case study as our only successful example of energy democracy suggests that a more intermediated and service-oriented approach to energy provision can create a business case for democratizing energy provision through collaborative governance.
Significance of autumn and winter food consumption for reproduction by Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears, Ursus maritimus
Authors: Griffen Blaine D. , Whiteman John P. , Pullan Sariah 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea experience long annual periods when preferred seal prey are scarce or are unavailable. Consumption of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcasses from native Alaskan subsistence hunting is increasingly common for onshore polar bears, yet the energetic consequences of this consumption remain unclear. We use data on bears captured repeatedly over periods that encompassed autumn and winter, combined with calculations, to show that adult female bears likely consume an average of at least 4 seal equivalents during both autumn and winter periods and that considerable variation in energy intake exists across individual bears. We further show that subsistence-caught whale carcasses provide an upper threshold of > 4000 seal equivalents, which could potentially meet mean consumption needs of ~ 80% of the southern Beaufort Sea bear subpopulation during autumn and winter periods. Finally, we modify an existing model to show that observed mass changes over autumn and winter could substantially alter spring foraging habitat choice by females with cubs and the chance that a female with reduced energy reserves would abort a pregnancy or abandon cubs in favor of increasing her own survival; these behaviors could potentially influence population vital rates. Our study highlights the importance of mass dynamics over the autumn and winter months, points to the need for additional data on foraging and energetics over this period, and indicates that the recent declines in polar bear body condition in some subpopulations could have complex effects on reproduction.
Prognostic factors in patients with clinical stage I nonseminoma—beyond lymphovascular invasion: a systematic review
Authors: Zengerling Friedemann , Beyersdorff Dirk , Busch Jonas , Heinzelbecker Julia , Pfister David , Ruf Christian , Winter Christian , Albers Peter , Kliesch Sabine , Schmidt Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
To systematically evaluate evidence on prognostic factors for tumor recurrence in clinical stage I nonseminoma patients other than lymphovascular invasion (LVI).

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search in the biomedical databases Medline (via Ovid) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (search period January 2010 to February 2021) for full text publications in English and German language, reporting on retro- or prospectively assessed prognostic factors for tumor recurrence in patients with stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumors.

Results
Our literature search yielded eleven studies reporting on 20 potential prognostic factors. Results are based on cohort studies of mostly moderate to low quality. Five out of eight studies found a significant association of embryonal carcinoma (EC) in the primary tumor with relapse. Among the different risk definitions of embryonal carcinoma (presence, predominance, pure), presence of EC alone seems to be sufficient for prognostification. Interesting results were found for rete testis invasion, predominant yolk sac tumor, T-stage and history of cryptorchidism, but the sparse data situation does not justify their clinical use.

Conclusions
No additional factors that meet the prognostic value of LVI, especially when determined by immunohistochemistry, could be identified through our systematic search. The presence of EC might serve as a second, subordinate prognostic factor for clinical use as the data situation is less abundant than the one of LVI. Further efforts are necessary to optimize the use of these two prognostic factors and to evaluate and validate further potential factors with promising preliminary data.
Near-infrared autofluorescence of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy for the prevention of hypoparathyroidism: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wolf Henning Wendelin , Runkel Norbert , Limberger Kathrin , Nebiker Christian Andreas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative hypoparathyroidism remains the most often complication in thyroid surgery. Near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF) is a modality to identify parathyroid glands (PG) in vivo with high accuracy, but its use in daily routine surgery is unclear so far. In this randomized controlled trial, we evaluate the ability of NIR-AF to prevent postoperative hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy.

Methods
Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy were allocated in two groups with the use of NIR-AF in the intervention group or according to standard practice in the control group. The aim was to identify the PGs in an early most stage of the operation to prevent their devascularization or removal. Parathyroid hormone was measured pre- and postoperatively and on postoperative day (POD) 1. Serum calcium was measured on POD 1 and 2. Possible symptoms and calcium/calcitriol supplement were recorded.

Results
A total of 60 patients were randomized, of whom 30 underwent NIR-AF-based PG identification. Hypoparathyroidism at skin closure occurred in 7 out of 30 patients using NIR-AF, respectively, in 14 out of 30 patients in the control group (p=0.058). There was no significant difference in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels between both groups. Likewise, NIR-AF could not detect PGs at a higher rate.

Conclusion
The use of NIR-AF may help surgeons identify and preserve PGs but did not significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism in this trial. Larger case series have to clarify whether there is a benefit in routine thyroidectomy.

Trial registration number
DRKS00009242 (German Clinical Trial Register). Registration date: 03.09.2015
Regulation of distal tubule sodium transport: mechanisms and roles in homeostasis and pathophysiology
Authors: Pearce David , Manis Anna D. , Nesterov Viatcheslav , Korbmacher Christoph 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Regulated Na+ transport in the distal nephron is of fundamental importance to fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Further upstream, Na+ is the principal driver of secondary active transport of numerous organic and inorganic solutes. In the distal nephron, Na+ continues to play a central role in controlling the body levels and concentrations of a more select group of ions, including K+, Ca++, Mg++, Cl−, and HCO3−, as well as water. Also, of paramount importance are transport mechanisms aimed at controlling the total level of Na+ itself in the body, as well as its concentrations in intracellular and extracellular compartments. Over the last several decades, the transporters involved in moving Na+ in the distal nephron, and directly or indirectly coupling its movement to that of other ions have been identified, and their interrelationships brought into focus. Just as importantly, the signaling systems and their components—kinases, ubiquitin ligases, phosphatases, transcription factors, and others—have also been identified and many of their actions elucidated. This review will touch on selected aspects of ion transport regulation, and its impact on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. A particular focus will be on emerging evidence for site-specific regulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and its role in both Na+ and K+ homeostasis. In this context, the critical regulatory roles of aldosterone, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and the kinases SGK1 and mTORC2 will be highlighted. This includes a discussion of the newly established concept that local K+ concentrations are involved in the reciprocal regulation of Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) and ENaC activity to adjust renal K+ secretion to dietary intake.