bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Dynamic Analysis of Bevel Gear System in Main Retarder
Authors: Wang Xinbo , Zhu Xuebin , Song Xiaobo , Wang Di , Liu Qing , Cheng Kaihua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The main retarder of vehicle is gear rotor system, its vibration property is complex. The whole transfer matrix method is a new algorithm to study, relationship of the displacements and forces are established considering gyroscopic moment and coupling vibration. The meshing point between rotors is treated as coupling element, balance equations are estalished on deformation compatibility condition. The globe status vectors including forces and displacements of all shafts were integrated into a whole transfer matrix. So it can be programming and has high numerical stability and accuracy. The influence of the meshing effect on vibration of the system can be systematically studied. The status vectors such as displacements, deflection angles, torsion angles, shearing forces, bending moments and torques are no longer independent. The vibration property of the geared rotor system was calculated and analyzed. The numerical results revealed that many coupling critical rational speeds of the system are derived. vibration of main retarder can be improved.
Comparison of the results of puncture biopsies of thyroid nodes and ultrasound stratification of thyroid cancer risks according to the TIRADS system with the results of histological examination
Authors: Shchegolev A. A. , Larin A. A. , Slobodyanik A. S. , Svetlov E. V. , Shafigullin R. R. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Puncture fine needle aspiration (FNA) is currently the “gold standard” for morphological verification of thyroid nodules, which determines the further tactics of patient management. Currently, there are no strict ultrasound criteria for the gradation of malignant neoplasms of the thyroid gland. However, in the modern world, the search for minimally invasive methods for verifying thyroid nodules continues. Purpose of the study. The study carried out a comparative analysis of the results of a preoperative cytological study using the Bethesda system in 2017 and the results of ultrasound studies using developed by the American College of Radiology the Thyroid image reporting and data system (TIRADS). Materials and methods. Thyroid cancer risk stratification system with histological studies of the operating material after 2 440 surgical interventions for nodular goiter, carried out on the basis of the center of endocrine surgery of the city clinical hospital named after. F.I. Inozemtsev in the period from 2018 to 2019 year. Results. The sensitivity of the TIRADS system for the TIRADS 5 thyroid malignancy risk score was 100%. The TIRADS 2 thyroid malignancy risk score was observed only in Bethesda II cytological category and does not occur in malignant histological findings. Grade TIRADS 3 occurs only in patients with a benign histological result, but is also seen in Bethesda II, Bethesda IV, and Bethesda V cytology categories. Conclusions. Based on the study, it can be concluded that FNA is inappropriate in patients with a TIRADS 2 thyroid cancer risk. If a TIRADS 5 cancer risk is detected, regardless of the results of a cytological study, the patient should be recommended surgical treatment. If the cancer risk level is TIRADS 3 and the size of the nodules is up to 2.5 cm, it is also possible to refrain from FNA.
Carbohydrate metabolism in patients after pancreatoduodenal resection
Authors: Ametov A. S. , Shabunin A. V. , Pashkova E. Yu. , Tavobilov M. M. , Karpov A. A. , Golodnikov I. I. , Amikishieva K. A. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Pancreatic resection is a common surgical treatment option for chronic pancreatic diseases. Diabetes mellitus, which develops as a result of surgical interventions on the pancreas, belongs to a specific type – pancreatogenic. To assess the state of carbohydrate metabolism in patients after surgery in the volume of pancreatoduodenal resection (PDR), a retrospective single-stage single-center study was performed.Aim. Assessment of the state of carbohydrate metabolism in patients after surgery in the volume of PDR.Materials and methods. In Botkin City Clinical Hospital 70 case histories of patients who underwent PDR were selected. The reason for the PDR was pancreatic head cancer (55 people), chronic pancreatitis (7 people), chronic calculous pancreatitis (8 people). Data on age, gender, date of surgery, glycemia levels before and after surgery, as well as C-peptide, insulin, and HbA1c were analyzed.Results. Out of 70 people in the initial group, diabetes mellitus was diagnosed before surgery in 8 people or in 11.5% of the entire sample. Indicators of carbohydrate metabolism did not differ significantly from each other. However, the level of C-peptide decreased in all patients, while in the group of patients with malignant tumors of the pancreas, despite the decrease in C-peptide, the level of fasting glycemia also decreased.Conclusion. If before the operation diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 11.5% of patients, then after the operation the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was established in 23.6%. Late detection of diabetes mellitus worsens not only the quality of life of patients, but also the overall prognosis, morbidity, and tolerability of chemotherapy. Obviously, the postoperative monitoring algorithm should include regular monitoring of glycemia, glycated hemoglobin at least once a year with normoglycemia in order to early diagnose carbohydrate metabolism disorders and prescribe therapy.
Comparative assessment of the prognostic value of mathematical models in determining the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Petrankov K. V. , Salukhov V. V. , Pugachev M. I. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Early relevant is the early prediction of the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which allows to prevent the development of the disease and its complications. For the purpose of screening, scales for assessing the risk of its development based on the results of questionnaires are used, but at the moment there are no questionnaires against employees of law enforcement agencies professionally related to psycho-emotional stress.Aim. Assessment of the prognostic value of the original mathematical model of the VERADIV to assess the risk of developing T2D in comparison with the FINDRISC questionnaires and a DIARISK regarding the cohort of military personnel.Materials and methods. 212 subjects from among military personnel under a young and middle -aged contract with a waist of the a avyinary poles and a representative control group from among civilians (60 people) were selected for prospective cohort research. At the first stage of the study, anthropometric psychophysiological indicators were studied, as well as laboratory data aimed at assessing the state of the endocrine function of the pancreas and the degree of insulin resistance. After 3 years, the state of carbohydrate exchange of subjects with the assessment of factors that influenced the development of new cases of prediabetes and T2D was evaluated. Based on the data obtained, an index of the VERADIV was developed, avaluating the likelihood of risk of developing T2D among military personnel. The most important stage in the work was a comparative assessment of the prognostic value of the model of the FINDRISC verasa and the DIARISK, set forth in this article.Results and discussion. The mathematical model of predicting the risk of T2D, from the age, from the HOMA-IR index, allows the points of aggressiveness and volitional self -control in 91.9% of cases, correctly predict the absence of the development of T2D after 3 years, and during the same period the probability of manifestation of T2D – in 91.7% of cases. For cohorts of military personnel, the specificity and sensitivity of the FINDRISC questionnaire amounted to 69.5 and 75%, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of the DIARISK questionnaire amounted to 75%.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the importance of taking into account insulin resistance and psycho-emotional stress in assessing the risk of developing T2D among military personnel, which confirmed the high prognostic value of the vendiv scale.
Therapy experience in alopecia after COVID-19
Authors: Katkhanova O. A. , Golubchenko M. V. 
Published: August 2022

The coronavirus infection (COVID-2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to be studied, the virus mutates, new strains differing from the previous ones by rapid spread appear. Due to the difficult epidemiological situation around the world, the long-term course of the pandemic, doctors of various disciplines are increasingly facing its consequences. 25% of patients have various types of alopecia following infection. Suppression of some growth factors due to the collapse of the immune privilege, local and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue hypoxia, microvascular insufficiency manifested by persistent capillary spasm influence hair loss. The article presents data from the analysis, out-patient medical records of patients aged 19 to 60 years who sought advice from the Ekaterininskaya clinic network with complaints of hair loss and past history of confirmed coronavirus infection. Due to the variety of trigger factors and multifaceted pathogenetic mechanisms of influence on the hair follicle in coronavirus infection, it is more appropriate to use drugs with a complex mechanism of action for the treatment. The patients received a complex drug for the treatment of alopecia, 1 tablet three times a day for 2 months, and a peptide lotion for cutaneous use with active ingredients, which activate cellular metabolism in hair follicles, encourage the hair follicles to switch to the active growth phase. A positive result during treatment was achieved in 92% of patients. Good tolerability, absence of side effects allow us to administer the drugs we use in a range of therapeutic measures in patients with diffuse hair thinning following coronavirus infection, both in monotherapy and in combination with other drugs.
Indicators of proliferation and antiapoptosis in palatine tonsils in chronic tonsillitis
Authors: Gurov A. V. , Dubovaya T. K. , Ermolaev A. G. , Murzakhanova Z. V. , Makhmudova N. R. , Kelemetov A. A. , Kurashov S. S. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The immune function of the palatine tonsils is associated with a constant proliferation of lymphocytes, therefore, the indicators of proliferation, apoptosis and anti-apoptotic activity in the palatine tonsils are quite informative for assessing their functional state and contribution to adaptive immunity. Chronic inflammation in the palatine tonsils affects their functional state. Understanding the immunocompetence of the palatine tonsils at different stages of the course of chronic tonsillitis allows the optimal tactics of treating this disease, including timely tonsillectomy.Objective. Based on the results of research and literature sources, to find a comparative characteristic of the contribution of palatine tonsils to adequate immunity, ways to assess their proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity.Materials and methods. The study included 158 patients with various forms of chronic tonsillitis and 8 patients without signs of chronic tonsillitis, who were divided into 4 study groups, in accordance with the clinical classification of chronic tonsillitis according to B.S. Preobrazhensky and V.T. Palchun. The tissue samples of the palatine tonsils obtained from patients were examined immunohistochemically in an automatic mode using markers of Ki67 proliferation and Bcl2 antiapoptosis.Results. When conducting an immunohistochemical study with markers of proliferation and anti-apoptosis, an increase in the proliferative and anti-apoptotic activity of lymphoid tissue cells in chronic tonsillitis of a simple form was revealed, and a significant decrease in these indicators in chronic tonsillitis of toxic-allergic forms of I and II stage.Conclusions. Data were obtained on the planned tonsillectomy in chronic tonsillitis of the toxic-allergic form of II degree, as well as in case of ineffectiveness of conservative therapy of tonsillitis of toxic-allergic form of I degree.
Relationship between oral health status and cognitive functions
Authors: Maximova M. Yu. , Tsalikova N. A. , Dubova L. V. , Surmilo I. M. 
Published: August 2022

With global increases in the aging population, the number of patients with cognitive decline is greatly increasing, which has become a big social problem. The studies conducted previously suggest the possible relationship between oral health and cognitive status. It is well-known, that the oral cavity is an important component not only the maxillofacial region, but also acontributor of general health. In this article, we highlight the relationship among dentoalveolar system and the cognitive functions. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that during mastication there is activation of somatosensory cortical areas, the supplementary motor area, insula, and other areas including the striatum, thalamus and cerebellum. According to the results of the сlinical studies, patients with dementia have demonstrated poor oral hygiene, greater incidence of periodontal diseases and tooth loss. Accumulating evidence suggests that cognitive decline may be associated with masticatory dysfunction. Masticatory dysfunction, as an umbrella term, refers to a debilitating condition in which normal masticatory function is compromised due to structural factors (e.g., tooth loss) or functional factors (e.g., weaker biting force or poorer masticatory performance). The presented data support the hypothesis that there is a possible relationship between mastication, oral health status and cognitive functions, therefore maintenance and adequate restoration of the whole masticatory system are important for the prevention of cognitive decline. This problem requires further clinical interdisciplinary studies, assessing cognitive abilities and oral health.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of monotherapy of ulcerative colitis with mesalazine MMX and combination therapy with non-prolonged mesalazines with rectal forms
Authors: Knyazev O. V. , Kagramanova A. V. , Lishchinskaya A. A. , Babaian A. F. , Shkurko T. V. , Nanaeva B. A. , Li I. A. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction. According to clinical guidelines, the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is carried out as combination therapy with mesalazine in rectal forms.The aim was to compare the effectiveness of treatment of moderate severity UC patients receiving mesalazine MMH as monotherapy and mesalazine in combination with mesalazine for rectal use.Materials and methods. Comparative clinical analysis of the results of treatment of patients with moderate UC receiving mesalazine MMX as monotherapy (1st group, 44 patients) and mesalazine in combination with mesalazine for rectal use (microclysters, suppositories) (2nd group, 40 patients) was performed.Results and discussion. After 2 weeks of therapy with mesalazine MMX, 95.0% of the 1st group patients responded to therapy with mesalazine MMX and continued treatment with it as monotherapy (without microclysters and suppositories). In Group 2, 97.2% of patients responded to mesalazine therapy and continued treatment with topical forms of mesalazine - microglia and suppositories. After 12 weeks, 87.5% of the 44 patients in Group 1 who responded to mesalazine MMX therapy and 88.9% of the 40 patients in Group 2 who responded to mesalazine therapy achieved clinical remission. After 52 weeks, 82.5% of 44 Group 1 patients and 86.1% of 40 Group 2 patients remained in clinical remission. The Meio index decreased from 7.9 ± 0.13 to 2.4 ± 0.4 points in group 1 and from 8.0 ± 0.17 to 2.3 ± 0.2 in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in the level o laboratory indices between the groups after 12 and 52 weeks (p > 0.05).Conclusion. Our study confirms that continuous regular administration of MMX mesalazine as monotherapy in doses according to the clinical guidelines is comparable in its effectiveness to combined therapy with non prolonged mesalazine and topical forms of mesalazine in patients with UC of moderate severity.
Exploring Motivations for COVID-19 Vaccination Among Black Young Adults in 3 Southern US States: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Stoner Marie CD , Browne Erica N , Tweedy David , Pettifor Audrey E , Maragh-Bass Allysha C , Toval Christina , Tolley Elizabeth E , Comello Maria Leonora G , Muessig Kathryn E , Budhwani Henna , Hightow-Weidman Lisa B 
Published: August 2022

Background
Few studies have focused on attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination among Black or African American young adults (BYA) in the Southern United States, despite high levels of infection in this population.

Objective
To understand this gap, we conducted an online survey to explore beliefs and experiences related to COVID-19 vaccination among BYA (aged 18-29 years) in 3 southern states.

Methods
We recruited 150 BYA to participate in an online survey as formative research for an intervention to address vaccine hesitancy in Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina from September 22, 2021, to November 18, 2021. Participants were recruited through social media ads on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Additionally, we distributed information about the survey through organizations working with BYA in Alabama, Georgia, and North Carolina; our community partners; and network collaborations. We used measures that had been used and were previously validated in prior surveys, adapting them to the context of this study.

Results
Roughly 28 (19%) of the participants had not received any doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Half of the unvaccinated respondents (n=14, 50%) reported they wanted to wait longer before getting vaccinated. Motivators to get vaccinated were similar between unvaccinated and vaccinated respondents (eg, if required, to protect the health of others), but the main motivator for those vaccinated was to protect one’s own health. Among unvaccinated individuals, reasons for not receiving the COVID-19 vaccine included concern about vaccine side effects (n=15, 54%) and mistrust of vaccine safety (n=13, 46%), of effectiveness (n=12, 43%), and of the government’s involvement with vaccines (n=12, 43%). Experiences of discrimination (n=60, 40%) and mistrust of vaccines (n=54, 36%) were common overall. Among all respondents, those who said they would be motivated to get vaccinated if it was required for school, work, or travel were more likely to endorse negative beliefs about vaccines compared to those motivated for other reasons.

Conclusions
Mistrust in COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy is common among BYA in the Southern United States, irrespective of vaccination status. Other motivators, such as safety of family and community and vaccination requirements, may be able to tip the scales toward a decision to be vaccinated among those who are initially hesitant. However, it is unclear how vaccine requirements among BYA in the South affect trust in the government or health care in the long term. Interventions that include BYA in vaccination messaging and programs may more proactively build feelings of trust and combat misinformation.
Adaptación de un ECOE presencial a modalidad en línea para un examen de altas consecuencias
Authors: Trejo Mejía Juan Andrés , Peña Balderas Jorge , Soto Aguilera Carlos Alberto , Alpuche Hernández Amílcar , Ortiz Montalvo Armando , Cerritos Antonio 
Published: August 2022

Introducción: Ante la necesidad de evaluar a distancia las competencias clínicas durante la pandemia de COVID-19, se diseñó y aplicó un examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) en línea en 2021 a los egresados de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y a las instituciones incorporadas.Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad psicométrica del ECOE en línea 2021 y compararlo con un ECOE presencial realizado en 2020 para un examen de altas consecuencias.Método: Se desarrolló la adaptación del ECOE presencial a la modalidad en línea adecuándose en todos los casos clínicos la habilidad clínica de la exploración física y se sustituyó el rubro de la nota médica por un resumen clínico verbal. Para la aplicación en línea se utilizó la plataforma Zoom, se capacitó a los evaluadores y pacientes estandarizados para homogeneizar su desempeño en esta plataforma. Se analizó el procedimiento empleado en el diseño, elaboración, implementación y calificación; así como el uso de análisis estadístico psicométricos que dieron cuenta de la evidencia de validez referida a la estructura interna de la prueba. Resultados: Ambas modalidades de ECOE constaron de seis estaciones de 20 minutos. Se evaluaron los 99 reactivos que integran la totalidad de las seis competencias evaluadas y discriminaron a <0.001 entre puntajes altos y bajos. Se identificaron seis factores que explican el 60.7% de la varianza en el ECOE presencial, y seis factores más cinco indicadores en la modalidad en línea con una varianza explicada de 56.6%. El Alfa de Cronbach fue 0.96 para el ECOE presencial y 0.93 para la modalidad en línea.Conclusiones: Ambas modalidades de ECOE mostraron evidencias de calidad psicométrica con respecto a la validez de contenido, la estructura interna de la prueba y el proceso de respuesta, lo que le da solidez al mismo. Este estudio observó que la modalidad en línea es una alternativa factible como evaluación de la fase práctica del examen profesional.
Digitizing International Financial Reports with iXBRL and the IFRS Taxonomy: The Case of the European Union, U.S., and SAP SE
Authors: Holtzblatt Mark A. , Brands Kristine M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
This case enables students to investigate recent financial reporting mandates requiring EU and SEC IFRS filers to digitize financial reports using IFRS-based taxonomies and iXBRL. EU filers are mandated by the ESMA to file IFRS-iXBRL financial reports, complying with the ESEF. SEC IFRS filers follow similar specifications. ESMA and the SEC recently transitioned to XBRL’s enhanced format, iXBRL, combining human and machine-readable language into a single document. Student learning objectives include analyzing these developments and evaluating German multinational corporation SAP SE’s motivation for IFRS–XBRL implementations. SAP, since 2005, files IFRS financials and, since 2009, creates IFRS–XBRL reports. Students apply Corefiling’s Yeti Taxonomy Viewer, the SEC’s EDGAR iXBRL Viewer, and TagniFi’s Console to iXBRL mapping/analysis exercises. The case is for accounting information systems and international accounting courses. It is especially useful for introductory classes on digitized financial reporting with students who have no prior XBRL knowledge.