bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTASI FUZZY C-MEANS UNTUK PENGELOMPOKAN DAERAH BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR KESEHATAN
Authors: Nugraha Gibran Satya , Riyandari Baiq Amelia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract - The health of each individual is very dependent on the health of the family which then goes to a broader level, namely the village, then the district, province, and also the country. The equitable distribution of health quality at the national level must start from the province first. But this has become difficult because the Indonesian state is an archipelago and has a very large population. Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has health problems, one of which is the spread of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and mental disorders which are quite extensive and relatively difficult to control. Uneven health services are a major factor in non-communicable diseases which are quite difficult to control. The grouping of districts/cities in NTB is one alternative to improve the quality of health services. A fairly reliable data grouping algorithm is Fuzzy C-Means, the algorithm classifies data based on the characteristics of the data they have. The results obtained in this study are grouping data into a variety depending on the data of each parameter owned by the district/city. The number of iterations is also very dependent on the value of the center of the cluster that is determined in the first iteration.Keywords – Fuzzy Logic, Clustering, Health, Grouping Abstract - Kesehatan masing-masing individu sangat bergantung pada kesehatan keluarga yang kemudian beranjak ke tingkat yang lebih luas yaitu tingkat desa/kelurahan kemudian kabupaten, provinsi, dan juga negara. Pemerataan kualitas kesehatan pada tingkat nasional, harus dimulai dari provinsi terlebih dahulu. Namun hal ini menjadi sulit dilakukan karena negara Indonsia yang berbentuk kepulauan dan memiliki jumlah penduduk yang sangat banyak. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang memiliki permasalahan kesehatan salah satunya yaitu persebaran penyakit tidak menular seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, dan gangguan jiwa menjadi cukup luas dan relatif sulit untuk dikendalikan. Pelayanan kesehatan yang belum merata menjadi faktor utama penyakit tidak menular tersebut cukup sulit untuk dikendalikan. Pengelompokan kabupaten/kota di NTB menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk pemerataan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan menjadi lebih baik. Algoritma pengelompokan data yang cukup handal adalah Fuzzy C-Means, algoritma tersebut mengelompokkan data berdasarkan karekteristik data yang mereka miliki. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengelompokan data menjadi beraneka ragam tergantung dari data masing-masing parameter yang dimiliki oleh kabupaten/kota. Jumlah iterasi juga sangat bergantung pada nilai pusat cluster yang ditentukan pada iterasi pertama.Kata kunci - Logika Fuzzy, Clustering, Kesehatan, Kelompok
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS UNTUK MENGETAHUI TINGKAT TINDAK KEJAHATAN DAERAH PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Tampubolon Hotma Dame , Gultom Devi , Hutabarat Luvita Yolanda , R.H Zer Fikrul Ilmi , Hartama Dedy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract - Crime is now a concern and concern for the community, especially those in the Pematangsiantar Region. Acts of crime that often occur are murder, theft, drugs, rape. With the rampant crime in Pematangsiantar City, it is necessary to group each region using the K-Means algorithm. The data source in this study is a collection of various documents of information Criminal Acts by Pematangsiantar Police Law. The data used in this study are data from 2019 consisting of 6 Districts. In this study, the K-Means algorithm is used to find out areas that have high crime rates and low crime rates areas.Keywords - Crime, K-Means, Clustering, Data Mining Abstrak - Kejahatan saat ini menjadi perhatian dan ke khawatiran bagi masyarakat terutama yang ada di Wilayah Pematangsiantar. Aksi kejahatan yang sering terjadi ialah pembunuhan, pencurian, narkoba, Pemerkosaan. Dengan maraknya kejahatan di Kota Pematangsiantar maka di perlukan pengelompokkan tiap daerah menggunakan algoritma K-Means. Sumber data pada penelitian ini merupakan kumpulan dari berbagai dokumen-dokumen keterangan Aksi Kriminalitas oleh Hukum Polres Pematangsiantar. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data dari tahun 2019 yang terdiri dari 6 Kecamatan. Dalam penelitian ini algoritma K-Means digunakan untuk mengetahui daerah yang memiliki tingkat kejahatan tinggi dan daerah tingkat kejahatan rendah.Kata Kunci - Kejahatan, K-Means, Clustering, Data Mining
Modifikasi Caesar Cipher dengan Permutasi, Transposisi, Binary, Gerbang Logika, ASCII Dan HEXA
Authors: Syarif Akhmad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract - Cryptography is the art of securing and keeping text or message from other people except those who receive it. Caesar Cipher algorithm is a classic algorithm that is vulnerable to hacker attacks by the brute force method. Caesar Cipher with 7 methods, the first is a transposition, the second is a permutation, the third is binary converting, the fourth is logistic gate calculation, the sixth is converting ASCII and the seventh is converting Hexa. With seven combinations of these methods, it can improve Caesar’s algorithm Cipher from hacker attacks and add variations to the modification of Caesar Cipher in classical encryption. Making ciphertext very complex and to overcome so many possibilities that must be tried.Keywords - Caesar Cipher, Modification, Convert, Transposition. Abstrak - Kriptografi adalah seni dalam mengamankan dan merahasiakan suatu teks atau pesan dari orang lain kecuali yang menerima. Algoritma Caesar Cipher adalah algoritma klasik yang rentan akan serangan hacker dengan metode brute force. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan memodifikasi algoritma Caesar Cipher dengan 7 metode yaitu pertama adalah tranposisi, ke-dua permutasi, ke-tiga convert biner, ke-empat perhitungan gerbang logika, ke-enam convert ASCII dan ke-tujuh convert hexa. Dengan tujuh kombinasi metode ini harapan bisa memperkuat algoritma Caesar Cipher dari serangan hacker dan menambah variasi modifikasi dari Caesar Cipher dalam enkripsi klasik. Menjadikan ciphertext sangat komplek dan untuk mengatasinya begitu banyak kemungkinan yang harus dicoba. Kata Kunci - Caesar Cipher, Modifikasi, Mengubah, Transposisi.
Active Main-belt Asteroid (6478) Gault: Constraint on Its Cohesive Strength and the Fate of Ejected Particles in the Solar System
Authors: Jackson Pierce M. , Nakano Ryota , Kim Yaeji , Hirabayashi Masatoshi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Active asteroid (6478) Gault sheds mass independent of location along its orbit. Rotational instability is considered to induce the observed activities. If this is the case, because Gault’s breakup event has not been detected, surface failure is likely, implying that its surface materials are constantly ejected while its major body remains intact. Given this scenario, we first constrain Gault’s bulk cohesive strength. We then characterize heliocentric trajectories of ejected particles over thousands of years. The results show that Gault may be sensitive to structural failure at the current spin period (∼2.5 hr). Gault’s bulk density needs to be below 1.75 g cm−3 in order for particles on the equatorial surface to be shed owing to centrifugal forces. In this case, Gault requires cohesive strength of at least ∼200 Pa to maintain the structure at the center, whereas the surface strength needs to be less than ∼100 Pa to induce mass shedding. This suggests that Gault’s structure may consist of a weak surface layer atop a strong core. The trajectories of dust ejected from Gault depend on how efficiently they are accelerated by solar radiation pressure. Escaped particle clouds with sizes of < ∼100 μm could collide with Gault after ∼700–5300 yr with speeds of ∼0.2 km s−1. This implies a temporal increase in the impact flux and complex interactions between the ejected particles and their host body.
Phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Dufouriini (Diptera: Tachinidae) using a total evidence approach based on adult and immature stages
Authors: de Santis Marcelo Domingos , Nihei Silvio Shigueo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDufouriini are a worldwide distributed tachinid tribe comprised of 51 species in 13 genera, made up of parasitoids of adult Coleoptera. The systematic positioning of Dufouriini has been controversial. Currently, it is placed within Dexiinae, but was previously placed in Phasiinae and Voriinae, and has even had the status of subfamily. Delimitation and composition of Dufouriini has also been debated, whether it is a single tribe or divided into two (Dufouriini and Freraeini) or three (Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini) tribes. Herein, we present the first phylogenetic analysis of Dufouriini based on total evidence using morphological data from adult and immature stages. The taxonomic sampling included all genera in Dufouriini (including Oestrophasiini) and also the genus belonging to Freraeini, a historically related tribe. Data matrix comprised 35 species and 22 genera in the ingroup, and 185 characters constructed from eggs, first instar larvae, puparia and adults, including female and male terminalia and spermathecae. The phylogenetic analysis recovered Dexiinae as paraphyletic in relation to Phasiinae, since the clade (Freraeini (Dufouriini + Oestrophasiini)) is more closely related to Phasiinae than Dexiinae. Dufouriini, Oestrophasiini and Freraeini are recovered as separate monophyletic tribes, strongly supported by a number of synapomorphies. Oestrophasiini is revalidated. A new synonymy is proposed:ComyopsisTownsendsyn. nov.ofEbeniaMacquart. Accordingly,Ebenia fumata(Townsend, 1919) isnomen preoccupatumbyEbenia fumata(Wulp, 1891), thus we change its specific epithet by designation of the new replacement nameEbenia neofumataSantis and Nihei [nomen novum]. The generaMesnilanaandRhinophoroidesare removed from Dufouriini and tentatively placed into Palpostomatini. Finally,Cenosomastat. rev., previously a subgenus ofOestrophasia, is revalidated as genus.
Faire construire les logements sociaux par le secteur privé. Les leviers insoupçonnés de la Région bruxelloise en matière de TVA
Authors: Bernard Nicolas , Traversa Edoardo 
Published: January 2022

La Région bruxelloise manque dramatiquement de logements sociaux, on le sait. Si le régime de la TVA avantage incontestablement la production publique des logements sociaux (par l’octroi d’un taux réduit : 6 %), il n’aide en rien les opérateurs privés ni les associations qui, pareillement, ont pour vocation de mettre à disposition des logements à un tarif modeste (sans passer par une agence immobilière sociale). En plus, ce système différencié de TVA heurte deux principes juridiques fondamentaux : l’égalité de traitement et la neutralité fiscale (suivant lequel deux opérations semblables quant à leurs résultats doivent connaître un régime fiscal lui-même semblable). Il est temps dès lors de changer ce logiciel fiscal. Mais que peut bien faire la Région bruxelloise dès lors que cet impôt relève des compétences de l’autorité fédérale ? Deux choses au moins : englober dans la catégorie de « société de logement » (qui bénéficie déjà du taux de TVA réduit) la construction privée de logements à caractère social ou, à défaut, accorder à cette dernière activité un subside qui compenserait la différence entre le taux standard de TVA (qui sera appliqué) et le taux réduit. Le tout, naturellement, moyennant une série de contreparties sociales, comme vendre une certaine proportion des biens ainsi produits à une société de logement social et assujettir à certaines conditions sociales la vente (ou la location) du solde. En impliquant de la sorte le secteur privé, il sera permis d’espérer une résorption plus rapide de la très longue file d’attente des logements sociaux.
INFLUENCE OF TAX COMPLIANCE COST ON HOSTEL OWNERS’ COMPLIANCE TO RENTAL INCOME TAX IN LAIKIPIA WEST SUB COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Gichuru Denis Brian , Wahome John N. 
Published: January 2022

<p>The Government of Kenya through the Finance Act 2015 introduced a simplified rental income tax. This is a monthly tax payable by a resident person for rental income earned from use or occupation of residential property. Upon the gazettement of the Income Tax (Residential Rental Income Tax) Regulations, 2016, the Kenya Revenue Authority embarked on an aggressive campaign to enlist landlords into the Monthly Rental Income Tax regime. However, the Economic Survey 2021 showed that the country’s revenue collecting agency KRA was not able to meet revenue targets as set by the National Treasury. Comparison of National Government Budget Estimates with Actual Out – turns for the fiscal years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 showed that KRA missed the Budgeted Ordinary Revenue targets by Kshs.128.7 Billion and Kshs.90.1 Billion respectively. Property taxes including rental income tax are part of the ordinary revenue collected by the tax authority. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of tax compliance cost on hostel owners’ compliance to the monthly rental income tax in Laikipia West Sub County. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires. A census of the entire population of hostels was used to collect the required data. The collected data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study established that an increase in tax compliance cost discourages compliance behavior since taxpayers tend to evade the costs either by under-declaring their monthly rental incomes or not declaring any income at all. The study recommends that KRA should scale up the tax payer education and awareness programs to ensure that more landlords are trained on how to file their own returns without having to use tax agents who make the process costly leading to non-compliance.</p><p>JEL: H25, H26</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0982/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Hassan Taimoor , Saeed Sana , Hassan Mamoona , Naseem Sidra , Siddique Sidra 
Published: January 2022

A plethora of diseases are associated with our nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, schizophrenia and depression. Many plants are known to be beneficial against certain neurodegenerative disorders. This study provides an overview of such thirty-five plants whose part, from roots to seeds or their bio-chemicals extract are used for the treatment of multiple neurodegenerative disorders in Pakistan and beyond.
Lost archaeological heritage: virtual reconstruction of the medieval castle of San Salvador de Todea
Authors: Valle Abad Patricia , Fernández Fernández Adolfo , Rodríguez Nóvoa Alba Antía 
Published: January 2022

The medieval castle of San Salvador de Todea constitutes a remarkable paradigm for the rock castles of Galicia and the northwest of Spain, attending to its features but also to the destruction it was subjected. The hill where it stands was the object of various archaeological interventions led from 2016 to 2018, that identified the site as a medieval fortress and recovered part of its structures. Being one of few medieval castles of the 12th-15th centuries in Galicia subjected to consecutive interventions and actively studied. Although the excavations provided an important amount of information about the chronology, distribution, material culture and even diet of the inhabitants, the interpretation of the castle is really complex. The preserved remains correspond to the foundations of the structures, mainly a few walls and a high amount of carvings scattered over the hill. This paper gathers the results of the investigation developed to create a reconstructive hypothesis for the castle and its materialization in a digital model, as a way to interpret and understand its structure. To achieve this aim, we combined the analysis of the archaeological data and the geomorphology of the own hill, with the study of fortresses with similar disposition and chronology, and the appliance of architectonical rules, in a multidisciplinary study. In order to generate a reasonable, justified and scientific model of the castle, useful as an instrument to study and comprehend this type of construction. The resulting model shows the disposition, height and entity of the structures that conformed to the castle, the transit areas and indoor spaces, and provides new data to calculate the visibility and predominance of the construction over the landscape, among others. Finally, to ensure the rigour and scientific approach of the reconstruction, we utilised a scale of certainty level to show the results, along with photorealistic textures to recreate the probable aspect of the castle. Highlights: - Virtual reconstruction of a Late Medieval rock castle, from the archaeological remains recorded during the excavations of the site and the comparison with similar structures. - Overview of the reconstruction methodology, decision-making process and resulting constructive hypothesis, with a detailed description of the level of certainty of each part. - Multidisciplinary approach to achieve a scientific model that helps to understand the castle distribution and its importance on the control of the landscape.
Photographs and the Practice of History
Authors: Edwards Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

What is it to practice history in an age in which photographs exist? What is the impact of photographs on the core historiographical practices which define the discipline and shape its enquiry and methods? In Photographs and the Practice of History, Elizabeth Edwards proposes a new approach to historical thinking which explores these questions and redefines the practices at the heart of this discipline.
Structured around key concepts in historical methodology which are recognisable to all undergraduates, the book shows that from the mid-19th century onward, photographs have influenced historical enquiry. Exposure to these mass-distributed cultural artefacts is enough to change our historical frameworks even when research is textually-based.
Conceptualised as a series of ‘sensibilities’ rather than a methodology as such, it is intended as a companion to ‘how to’ approaches to visual research and visual sources. Photographs and the Practice of History not only builds on existing literature by leading scholars: it also offers a highly original approach to historiographical thinking that gives readers a foundation on which to build their own historical practices.
Shakespeare and Textual Theory
Authors: Gossett Suzanne , Marlow Christopher , Hawkes David , Egan Gabriel , Laroche Rebecca , Novy Marianne , Parvini Neema , Singh Jyotsna G. , Raber Karen , Brown Carolyn , Sanchez Melissa E. , Wood Nigel , Iyengar Sujata , McCandless David , Gajowski Evelyn , Cunningham Karen J. , Little ,   Jr. Arthur L. , Cartwright Kent , Croteau Melissa , Logan Sandra , Joubin Alexa Alice , Munroe Jennifer 
Published: January 2022

There is no Shakespeare without text. Yet readers often do not realize that the words in the book they hold, like the dialogue they hear from the stage, has been revised, augmented and emended since Shakespeare’s lifetime. An essential resource for the history of Shakespeare on the page, Shakespeare and Textual Theory traces the explanatory underpinnings of these changes through the centuries.
After providing an introduction to early modern printing practices, Suzanne Gossett describes the original quartos and folios as well as the first collected editions. Subsequent sections summarize the work of the ‘New Bibliographers’ and the radical challenge to their technical analysis posed by poststructuralist theory, which undermined the presumed stability of author and text. Shakespeare and Textual Theory presents a balanced view of the current theoretical debates, which include the nature of the surviving texts we call Shakespeare’s; the relationship of the author ‘Shakespeare’ and of authorial intentions to any of these texts; the extent and nature of Shakespeare’s collaboration with others; and the best or most desirable way to present the texts - in editions or performances. The book is illustrated throughout with examples showing how theoretical decisions affect the text of Shakespeare’s plays, and case studies of Hamlet and Pericles demonstrate how different theories complicate both text and meaning, whether a play survives in one version or several. The conclusion summarizes the many ways in which beliefs about Shakespeare’s texts have changed over the centuries.
Classical Greek Tragedy
Authors: Fletcher Judith 
Published: January 2022

Classical Greek Tragedy offers a comprehensive survey of the development of classical Greek tragedy combined with close readings of exemplary texts. Reconstructing how audiences in fifth-century BCE Athens created meaning from the performance of tragedy at the dramatic festivals sponsored by the city-state and its wealthiest citizens, it considers the context of Athenian political and legal structures, gender ideology, religious beliefs, and other social forces that contributed to spectators’ reception of the drama. In doing so it focuses on the relationship between performers and watchers, not only Athenian male citizens, but also women and audiences throughout the ancient Mediterranean world.
This book traces the historical development of these dynamics through three representative tragedies that span a 50 year period: Aeschylus’ Seven Against Thebes, Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus, and Euripides’ Helen. Topics include the role of the chorus; the tragic hero; recurring mythical characters and subject matter; Aristotelian assessments of the components of tragedy; developments in the architecture of the theater and their impact on the interactions of characters, and the spaces they occupy. Unifying these discussions is the observation that the genre articulates a reality beyond the visible stage action that intersects with the characters’ existence in the present moment and resonates with the audience’s religious beliefs and collective psychology. Human voices within the performance space articulate powerful forces from an invisible dimension that are activated by oaths, hymns, curses and prayers, and respond in the form of oracles and prophecies, forms of discourse which were profoundly meaningful to those who watched the original productions of tragedy.
Doing the Time Warp
Authors: Ellis Sarah Taylor 
Published: January 2022

Doing the Time Warp explores how song and dance – sites of aesthetic difference in the musical – can ‘warp’ time and enable marginalized and semi-marginalized fans to imagine different ways of being in the world.
While the musical is a bastion of mainstream theatrical culture, it also supports a fan culture of outsiders who dream themselves into being in the strange, liminal timespaces of its musical numbers.
Through analysing musicals of stage and screen – ranging from Rent to Ragtime, Glee to Taylor Mac’s A 24-Decade History of Popular Music – Sarah Taylor Ellis investigates how alienated subjects find moments of coherence and connection in musical theatre’s imaginaries of song and dance.
Exploring an array of archival work and live performance, such as Larry Gelbart’s papers in the UCLA Performing Arts Collections and the shadowcast performances of Los Angeles’s Sins o’ the Flesh, Doing the Time Warp probes the politics of musicals and consider show the genre’s ‘strange temporalities’ can point towards new futurities for identities and communities in difference.