bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow findings of idiopathic Multicentric Castleman disease: A histopathologic analysis and systematic literature review
Authors: Belyaeva Elizaveta , Rubenstein Ayelet , Pierson Sheila K. , Dalldorf Delaney , Frank Dale , Lim Megan S. , Fajgenbaum David C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIdiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by constitutional symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy, cytopenias, and multi‐organ dysfunction due to excessive cytokines, notably Interleukin‐6. Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease is often sub‐classified into iMCD‐TAFRO, which is associated with thrombocytopenia (T), anasarca (A), fever/elevated C‐reactive protein (F), renal dysfunction (R), and organomegaly (O), and iMCD not otherwise specified (iMCD‐NOS), which is typically associated with thrombocytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia. The diagnosis of iMCD is challenging as consensus clinico‐pathological diagnostic criteria were only recently established and include several non‐specific lymph node histopathological features. Identification of further clinico‐pathological features commonly found in iMCD could contribute to more accurate and timely diagnoses. We set out to characterize bone marrow (BM) histopathological features in iMCD, assess differences between iMCD‐TAFRO and iMCD‐NOS, and determine if these findings are specific to iMCD. Examination of BM specimens from 24 iMCD patients revealed a high proportion with hypercellularity, megakaryocytic atypia, reticulin fibrosis, and plasmacytosis across patients with both iMCD‐NOS and iMCD‐TAFRO with significantly more megakaryocytic hyperplasia (p = 0.001) in the iMCD‐TAFRO cases. These findings were also consistent with BM findings from 185 published cases of iMCD‐NOS and iMCD‐TAFRO. However, these findings are relatively nonspecific as they can be seen in various other infectious, malignant, and autoimmune diseases.
Identification of moyamoya disease based on cerebral oxygen saturation signals using machine learning methods
Authors: Gao Tianxin , Zou Chuyue , Li Jinyu , Han Cong , Zhang Houdi , Li Yue , Tang Xiaoying , Fan Yingwei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMoyamoya is a cerebrovascular disease with a high mortality rate. Early detection and mechanistic studies are necessary. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to study the signals of the cerebral tissue oxygen saturation index (TOI) and the changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations (HbO and Hb) in 64 patients with moyamoya disease and 64 healthy volunteers. The wavelet transforms (WT) of TOI, HbO and Hb signals, as well as the wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) of these signals from the left and right frontal lobes of the same subject, were calculated. Features were extracted from the spontaneous oscillations of TOI, HbO and Hb in five physiological activity‐related frequency segments. Machine learning models based on support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) have been built to classify the two groups. For 20‐min signals, the 10‐fold cross‐validation accuracies of SVM, RF and XGBoost were 87%, 85% and 85%, respectively. For 5‐min signals, the accuracies of the three methods were 88%, 88% and 84%, respectively. The method proposed in this article has potential for detecting and screening moyamoya with high proficiency. Evaluating the cerebral oxygenation with NIRS shows great potential in screening moyamoya diseases.
Role of automated red blood cell exchange in the treatment of aluminum phosphide poisoning: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Özkale Murat , Özkale Yasemin , Kozanoglu İlknur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAluminum phosphide (AIP) is a fumigant commonly used in agricultural areas. AIP is frequently misused for suicidal purposes because it is easily accessible. AIP poisoning causes severe metabolic acidosis, resistant hypotension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure with cardiogenic shock. Despite supportive management and intensive care, most patients die following AIP ingestion because there is no specific antidote. In this case report we present a 15‐year‐old female who presented with vomiting, coma and epigastric pain. She developed resistant metabolic acidosis and hypotension due to AIP poisoning. Although supportive treatment did not result in clinical improvement, she was successfully treated with automated red blood cell exchange. Automated red blood cell exchange is a procedure which is used to exchange the patient erythrocyte mass with donor red blood cell. Although automated red blood cell exchange is a preferred treatment method in the complications of sickle cell anemia, some blood diseases and infectious diseases such as malaria and babesiosis, there is little information about its use in poisoning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first child with AIP poisoning who was treated with automated red blood cell exchange.
The joint effect of internal and external governance on earnings management and firm performance
Authors: Duong Hong Kim , Kang Helen , Salter Stephen B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether shareholders use internal governance mechanisms (i.e., manager compensation, shareholder rights protection at firm level) to substitute for weak external governance (i.e., investor protection mechanisms at country level) in restricting earnings management. We find that the impacts of internal governance on earnings management are stronger in countries with weak external governance. Examining the consequence of earnings management on firm performance, we find that internal governance restricts earnings management more efficiently than external governance. This study extends prior literature by quantifying the impacts of internal and external governance on earnings management and firm performance. Our findings suggest that investors should pay more attention to internal governance than to external governance in controlling for earnings management.
Impact of higher‐order dispersion on crosstalk in hybrid OWC access systems for next‐generation communication networks
Authors: Singhal Ankur , Gupta Amit , Bakshi Surbhi , Singh Harbinder , Singhal Tarun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn today's pandemic environment where most of the work is managed from the premises of home, high bandwidth internet connectivity with superior signal quality is essential. Hybrid technologies based on optical wireless communication (OWC) are a better candidate for such requirements of next‐generation communication networks. Such systems, also suffer from transmission impairments like crosstalk and dispersion affect the quality of the transmitted signals. In this article, the impact of crosstalk in the presence of higher‐order dispersion (HOD) on a hybrid OWC access network is assessed. Coupled expressions have been employed for estimating crosstalk due to HOD in hybrid access systems. The mathematical model for XPM induced crosstalk has been introduced. Further, the impact of different system parameters on SRS and XPM induced crosstalk has been observed, so that the quality of communicated signals may be improved.
Robustness and stability of volume‐based tractography in a multicenter setting
Authors: Forsting Johannes , Rehmann Robert , Rohm Marlena , Güttsches Anne‐Katrin , Froeling Martijn , Kan Hermien E. , Tegenthoff Martin , Vorgerd Matthias , Schlaffke Lara 
Published: February 2022

Muscle diffusion tensor imaging (mDTI)‐based tractography is a promising tool with which to detect subclinical changes in muscle injuries and to evaluate pathophysiology in neuromuscular diseases. Classic region of interest (ROI)‐based tractography is very time‐consuming and requires an examiner with extensive experience. (Semi)automatic approaches such as volume‐based tractography (VBT) can diminish this problem but its robustness and stability are unknown. The aim of the current study was to assess the performance of VBT in a multicenter setting and to evaluate semiautomatic segmentation approaches in the analysis of VBT‐derived data in terms of the comparability of the outcome measures. Five traveling volunteers underwent 3‐T mDTI of seven calf muscles of both legs at six different MR sites. Tract properties and diffusion metrics were calculated using VBT. Within‐subject coefficients of variance (wsCVs) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess the multicenter reproducibility of tract properties such as tract density (TD), mean tract length, volume and tract propagation angle, and diffusion metrics such as fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity (λ1) and radial diffusivity in traveling subjects. Furthermore, 50 individual datasets from five different centers (10 datasets per center) were pooled to assess the feasibility of VBT with manual and semiautomatic segmentation. To assess the differences of tract properties and diffusion metrics between segmentation approaches an ANOVA was performed, and ICC and Bland–Altman plots were analyzed. wsCVs and ICCs showed good reproducibility of the tract properties TD and volume, as well as diffusion metrics. ANOVA showed no significant differences between manual and semiautomatic approaches. ICCs were excellent (≥ 0.992) and Bland–Altman analysis did not reveal any systemic bias between the methods. Tract properties and diffusion metrics derived from VBT showed good comparability among centers. Semiautomatic approaches revealed excellent agreement with gold standard of manual segmentation. These findings suggest that pooling data from different centers to construct a reference database for tractography results is feasible using semiautomatic segmentation approaches.
Identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 Papain‐like Protease (PLpro) Inhibitors Using Combined Computational Approach**
Authors: Sencanski Milan , Perovic Vladimir , Milicevic Jelena , Todorovic Tamara , Prodanovic Radivoje , Veljkovic Veljko , Paessler Slobodan , Glisic Sanja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the current pandemic, finding an effective drug to prevent or treat the infection is the highest priority. A rapid and safe approach to counteract COVID‐19 is in silico drug repurposing. The SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro promotes viral replication and modulates the host immune system, resulting in inhibition of the host antiviral innate immune response, and therefore is an attractive drug target. In this study, we used a combined in silico virtual screening for candidates for SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro protease inhibitors. We used the Informational spectrum method applied for Small Molecules for searching the Drugbank database followed by molecular docking. After in silico screening of drug space, we identified 44 drugs as potential SARS‐CoV‐2 PLpro inhibitors that we propose for further experimental testing.
Studies of New 2,7‐Carbazole (CB) Based Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor (D‐A‐D) Monomers as Possible Electron Donors in Polymer Solar Cells by DFT and TD‐DFT Methods
Authors: Babu Numbury Surendra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe new donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) monomers have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) methods to evaluate the optoelectronic and electronic properties for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. The TD‐DFT method is combined with a hybrid exchange‐correlation functional using the B3LYP method in conjunction with a polarizable continuum model (PCM) and a 6–311G basis set to predict the excitation energies and absorption spectra of all monomers. The predicted bandgap (Eg) of the monomers decreasing in the following order D1<D2<D3<D4<D5<D6<D7<D9<D8. Furthermore, open‐circuit voltage (VOC) estimates for monomers with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) acceptor. The VOC of the studied monomers ranges from 0.976 to 1.398 eV in the gas and from 1.109 to 1.470 eV in the solvent phase with PC71BM acceptor, which is sufficient for efficient electron injection into the acceptor‘s LUMO. The results show that theoretically, a maximum energy conversion efficiency of roughly 5 % for D8 and 5.8 5 % for D7.
A Chimeric DNA/RNA Antiparallel Quadruplex with Improved Stability
Authors: Boyle Elaina P. , Lomidze Levan , Musier‐Forsyth Karin , Kankia Besik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNucleic acid quadruplexes are proposed to play a role in the regulation of gene expression, are often present in aptamers selected for specific binding functions and have potential applications in medicine and biotechnology. Therefore, understanding their structure and thermodynamic properties and designing highly stable quadruplexes is desirable for a variety of applications. Here, we evaluate DNA→RNA substitutions in the context of a monomolecular, antiparallel quadruplex, the thrombin‐binding aptamer (TBA, GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG) in the presence of either K+ or Sr2+. TBA predominantly folds into a chair‐type configuration containing two G‐tetrads, with G residues in both syn and anti conformation. All chimeras with DNA→RNA substitutions (G→g) at G residues requiring the syn conformation demonstrated strong destabilization. In contrast, G→g substitutions at Gs with anti conformation increased stability without affecting the monomolecular chair‐type topology. None of the DNA→RNA substitutions in loop positions affected the quadruplex topology; however, these substitutions varied widely in their stabilizing or destabilizing effects in an unpredictable manner. This analysis allowed us to design a chimeric DNA/RNA TBA construct that demonstrated substantially improved stability relative to the all‐DNA construct. These results have implications for a variety of quadruplex‐based applications including for the design of dynamic nanomachines.
Heterotaxy syndrome: Prenatal diagnosis, concomitant malformations and outcomes
Authors: Akalın Münip , Demirci Oya , Kumru Pınar , Yücel İlker Kemal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to define cardiac and extracardiac malformations in fetuses with heterotaxy syndrome and to determine perinatal and childhood prognosis.MethodsIn this retrospective study, fetuses diagnosed with heterotaxy syndrome on antenatal ultrasonography in a tertiary center between January 2014 and January 2021 were analyzed. Fetuses with heterotaxy syndrome were grouped as right atrial isomerism (RAI) and left atrial isomerism (LAI).ResultsA total of 62 fetuses, 32 (51.6%) with RAI and 30 (48.4%) with LAI, were included in the study. Extracardiac anomaly was detected in 25% of fetuses with RAI and 44% of fetuses with LAI (p = 0.13). Patients with univentricular repair had a higher childhood mortality than patients with biventricular repair (p = 0.031). The presence of conotruncal anomaly was an independent factor affecting mortality (HR = 5.09, CI 95% 1.09–23.71, p = 0.039).ConclusionHydrops fetalis, univentricular physiology and conotruncal anomalies are associated with poor outcomes in heterotaxy syndrome. The severity of the cardiac malformation is the main determinant of the outcomes. The presence of extracardiac malformations is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Developing opportunities for people with diabetes to engage in Improvement Champion activity: a practical guide for diabetes teams
Authors: Stewart Rose , Allcock Bethan , Crowley Sara , Owen Chris , Cleverly Laura 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBy sharing their unique lived experience of using diabetes services, Experts by Experience can provide health care professionals and services with a valuable opportunity to enhance their practice and significantly improve service delivery. Despite an established evidence base in other areas of health care, and emerging evidence that engaging in Expert by Experience activity can beneficially impact people living with diabetes, this important area of practice is still very much neglected in routine diabetes care and the number of people who are able to access this opportunity is small. This paper, written by a team of people who have either acted as, or supported people to become, Experts by Experience, offers practical guidance to diabetes teams to assist them in supporting individuals to engage in this powerful activity while maintaining psychological health and healthy boundaries. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Race and sex associations with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in stable kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Tornatore Kathleen M. , Meaney Calvin J. , Attwood Kristopher , Brazeau Daniel A. , Wilding Gregory E. , Consiglio Joseph D. , Gundroo Aijaz , Chang Shirley S. , Gray Vanessa , Cooper Louise M. , Venuto Rocco C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectiveThis study investigated race and sex differences in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in stable kidney transplant recipients.Design and SettingA cross‐sectional, open‐label, single center, 12‐h pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic study was conducted. Tacrolimus pharmacokinetic parameters included area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC0–12), AUC0–4, 12‐h troughs (C12 h), maximum concentrations (Cmax), oral clearance (Cl), with dose‐normalized AUC0–12, troughs, and Cmax with standardized adverse effect scores. Statistical models were used to analyze end points with individual covariate‐adjustment including clinical factors, genotypic variants CYP3A5*3, CYP3A5*6, CYP3A5*7(CYP3A5*3*6*7) metabolic composite, and ATP binding cassette gene subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) polymorphisms.Patients65 stable, female and male, Black and White kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid ≥6 months post‐transplant were evaluated.Measurements and Main ResultsBlack recipients exhibited higher tacrolimus AUC0–12 (Race: p = 0.005), lower AUC* (Race: p < 0.001; Race × Sex: p = 0.068), and higher Cl (Race: p < 0.001; Sex: p = 0.066). Greater cumulative (Sex: p < 0.001; Race × Sex: p = 0.014), neurologic (Sex: p = 0.021; Race × Sex: p = 0.005), and aesthetic (Sex: p = 0.002) adverse effects were found in females, with highest scores in Black women. In 84.8% of Black and 68.8% of White patients, the target AUC0–12 was achieved (p = 0.027). In 31.3% of White and 9.1% of Black recipients, AUC0–12 was <100 ng‧h/ml despite tacrolimus troughs in the target range (p = 0.027). The novel CYP3A5*3*6*7 metabolic composite was the significant covariate accounting for 15%–19% of tacrolimus variability in dose (p = 0.002); AUC0–12 h* (p < 0.001), and Cl (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTacrolimus pharmacokinetics and adverse effects were different among stable kidney transplant recipient groups based upon race and sex with interpatient variability associated with the CYP3A5*3*6*7 metabolic composite. More cumulative, neurologic, and aesthetic adverse effects were noted among females. Tacrolimus regimens that consider race and sex may reduce adverse effects and enhance allograft outcomes by facilitating more patients to achieve the targeted AUC0–12 h.
A mechanism for the skew of ensemble forecasts
Authors: Penland Cécile , Sardeshmukh Prashant D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is often not appreciated that forecast ensembles are generally skewed. The skew can arise from the state dependence of the chaotic system dynamics responsible for the ensemble spread. Generation of skew by this mechanism can be demonstrated in even the simplest dynamical system with state‐dependent noise, and even when the initial and the asymptotic (i.e., the “climatological”) forecast distributions are both symmetric. Indeed, forecast distributions of systems with state‐dependent noise in the dynamical tendencies must in general be both skewed and heavy tailed, with implications for forecasting extreme anomaly risks. Ensemble forecast systems that misrepresent such state‐dependent noise have state‐dependent errors in their forecast probability distributions. Because such errors depend on both the initial condition and forecast lead time, they cannot be removed by simple a posteriori bias corrections of the forecast distributions. The ensemble standard deviation is often used as a simple metric of ensemble spread even when the forecast distribution is not Gaussian. In a similar spirit, the ensemble skew S may be used as a simple metric of the difference D between the ensemble‐mean and most likely forecast, as well as the risk ratio R of extreme positive and negative deviations from the ensemble‐mean forecast. This is motivated by the facts that (1) the probability distributions of many geophysical quantities are approximately stochastically generated skewed (SGS) distributions, for which simple analytical relationships exist between these quantities, and (2) Gaussian distributions are a sub‐class of SGS distributions. However, S may serve as a useful metric of R and D even when the distributions are not strictly SGS distributions.
Social insurance and entrepreneurship: The effect of unemployment benefits on new‐business formation
Authors: Xu Wenjian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article studies the impacts of social insurance on the decisions of unemployed individuals to start businesses. Exploiting staggered changes in benefit generosity across U.S. states and over time, I find that higher unemployment insurance (UI) benefits both lower the probability that an unemployed person will become self‐employed, and also extend the length of time that passes before they make such a transition. The negative effects of UI benefits are concentrated on the formation of unincorporated businesses. Unincorporated businesses created by unemployed people in higher‐benefit state‐periods tend to be more successful, as measured by profit and survival rate, suggesting that higher benefits mainly screen out the entry of less productive firms. The negative effects are smaller during nonrecession periods and in states that offer a Self‐Employment Assistance program.Managerial SummaryDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the share of new entrepreneurs who were initially unemployed reached the highest level (30%) recorded in 25 years. This article studies factors that impact the decision of unemployed people to start businesses. My empirical results show that higher unemployment insurance (UI) benefits deter unemployed people from forming unincorporated businesses, while those that do enter the marketplace perform better than others located in lower‐benefit state‐periods. These results suggest that higher UI benefits mainly screen out lower‐quality businesses due to the requirement that business profits have to be deducted from UI benefits. The disincentive effects are larger in states without Self‐Employment Assistance (SEA) program and during recessions, suggesting the need for widespread policies like the SEA program, especially during economic downturns.