bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and Blood Stream Infection among Conventional Hemodialysis Patients in Thailand: a Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Techasuphaboon Tanyanop , Vasiksin Vasin , Varothai Narittaya , Sil Navee Rak Nai , Nasomsong Worapong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage screening among hemodialysis patients is not a standard practice in Thailand, because of lacking data in prevalence and the correlation with subsequent infection. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage and its association with blood stream infection among hemodialysis patients. In this prospective multicenter cohort study, each participant was screened for S. aureus nasal carriage once weekly for two consecutive weeks. Incidence of S. aureus bloodstream infection within 12 months after the last sample collection was observed.Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 11.67%. Incidence of S. aureus bacteremia among participants presenting S. aureus nasal carriage and non-carriers were 7.1 % and 3.8%, respectively. The odds ratio for nasal carriage to develop bacteremia was 1.96 (95% CI 0.04-21.79; p=0.553). Survival analysis showed that time to bacteremia among participants with and without nasal carriage did not significantly differ (p =0.531). Prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among hemodialysis patients in Thailand was low. Patients presenting S. aureus nasal carriage did not have increased risk of S. aureus bacteremia after 12-month follow-up. Nasal S. aureus screening and decolonization should not be encouraged in this setting.
High-gradient Magnetic Fields and Starch Metabolism - Results from a Space Experiment
Authors: Hasenstein Karl H. , Park  , SP John , Ajala Chitra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Directing plant growth in weightlessness requires understanding the processes that establish plant orientation and how to manipulate them. Both gravi- and phototropism determine directional growth and previous experiments showed that high gradient magnetic fields (HGMF) can induce curvature in roots and shoots. Experiments with Brassica rapa verified that that gravitropism-like induction of curvature is possible in space and that the HGMF-responsive organelles are amyloplasts. We assessed the effect of space and HGMF based on 16 genes and compared their transcription with static growth and clinorotation. Amyloplasts size in root tips increased under weightlessness but decreased under clinorotation but not in response to magnetic fields. Amyloplast size changes were correlated with reduced amylase transcription in space samples and enhanced transcription after clinorotation. Mechanostimulation and weightlessness have opposite effects on the size of amyloplasts. The data show that plants perceive weightlessness, and that their metabolism adjusts to microgravity and mechanostimulation. Thus, clinorotation as surrogate for space research may lead to incorrect interpretations.
Combination effect of Daphne extract and Imatinib on Anti proliferation of the K562 cell line
Authors: Khorshid Alireza , Nojadeh Jafar Nouri , Takanlu Javid Sabour 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Modern and ancient medical sciences should be used to treat cancer. Herbal medicine is well known among the ancient medical sciences. Healing properties have been observed in some species of Daphne. The effect of Daphne plant extract on the k-562 cell line has been previously studied, and Gleevec is a well-known and effective drug in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Material and Methods
In this study, the simultaneous effect of using herbal medicine and a targeted therapy drug on the k-562 cell line was investigated. The presence of some species of Daphne in Iran motivated us to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Daphne mucronata on human leukemia cancer cells. Anti-proliferative activity of the dichloromethane extract of daphne mucronate (Thymelaeaceae) as a new anticancer medicinal plant was evaluated. Apoptotic and necrotic changes in cells membrane were examined using the flow cytometry method. Changes in Bax and Bcl2 gene expression were investigated using real-time PCR. The MIC and IC50 concentration of Daphne extract combine with Imatinib were tested on the K-562 cell line.
Results
The K-562 cells responded to extract treatments in a dose-dependent manner, and the MIC and the IC50 of the crude extract were calculated. The cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay.
Conclusion
Daphne extract could effectively decrease the viability of the cell line. The necrotic effect of Daphne extract was evaluated by Flow cytometry of Annexin, P.I., and an increase in gene expression of Bax and Bcl2 was observed in cells exposed to the Daphne extract. The combination of Daphne extracts with Imatinib shows enhancement in the cytotoxic effect of Imatinib.
Adipose tissue function and insulin sensitivity in syndromic obesity of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Authors: Baig Shanat , Wanninayake Subadra , Foggensteiner Lukas , Elhassan Yasir , Manolopoulos Konstantinos , Ali Sadaf , Lassen Pierre Bel , Clément Karine , Steeds Richard , Tomlinson Jeremy , Hiwot Tarekegn 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
ContextBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndromic obesity of childhood onset among many other features. To date, the excess risk of metabolic complications of severe early-onset obesity in BBS remains controversial. In-depth investigation of adipose tissue structure and function in link with detailed metabolic phenotype has not been investigated yet.ObjectiveTo investigate adipose tissue function in BBSDesignA prospective cross-sectional study.Main outcome measureTo determine if there are differences in insulin resistance, metabolic profile, adipose tissue function and gene expression in patients with BBS compared to BMI-matched polygenic obese controls.Method9 adults with BBS and 10 controls were recruited from the national centre for BBS, Birmingham, UK. An in-depth study of adipose tissue structure and function along with insulin sensitivity was performed using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, adipose tissue microdialysis, histology and RNA sequencing, and measurement of circulating adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers.ResultsAdipose tissue structure, gene expression and in-vivo functional analysis between BBS and polygenic obesity cohorts were similar. Using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and surrogate markers of insulin resistance, we found no significant differences in insulin sensitivity between BBS and obese controls. Furthermore, no significant changes were noted in an array of adipokines, cytokines and pro-inflammatory markers.ConclusionAlthough childhood-onset extreme obesity is a feature of BBS, detailed studies of insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue structure and function are similar to common polygenic obesity. This study adds to the literature by suggesting that it is the quality and quantity of adiposity not the duration that drives the metabolic phenotype.
NURBS Interpolation Algorithm to Minimize Chord Error in 5-Axis CNC Milling Operations of Turbine Blades
Authors: Soori Mohsen , Arezoo Behrooz 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
5-Axis CNC machining operations are added to create complicated items with free form surfaces, such as turbine blades. Virtual machining systems are used in machining processes to improve the precision of manufactured products. Chord errors can be caused by cutting tool paths with a set feed rate in 5-Axis machining processes of turbine blades with free form surfaces. As a consequence, chord errors should be studied and eliminated in order to obtain the appropriate precision in machined products with free form surfaces. The research work proposed a virtual machining system to reduce chord error in 5-Axis milling of free form surfaces. To obtain the NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) profiles of cutting tool paths with abilities of control points modification along machining operations, the curved surface interpolation algorithm during turbine blade five axes milling processes is implemented. Then, a NURBS interpolation algorithm with restricted chord error and control of acceleration is developed in the study to minimize chord error in machined parts with free form surfaces. Finally, the sample turbine blade is machined by using the 5-Axis CNC milling and the chord error along machining paths are measured by using the CMM machine. As a consequence,, the proposed virtual machining system can provide an efficient device for boosting the machined components accuracy with free form surfaces by employing 5-Axis CNC milling machines.
Different particle flow from exhaled air after gradual increase of PEEP during mechanical ventilation
Authors: Broberg Ellen , Pierre Leif , Fakhro Mohammed , Malmsjö Malin , Lindstedt Sandra , Hyllén Snejana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Detecting particle flow from the airways by none invasively online analysing technique might serve as an additional tool to monitor mechanical ventilation. In the present study we used a customised Pexa (Particles in Exhaled Air), which is an optical particle counter for airway monitoring of particle flow in exhaled air. Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) is often used as a tool during recruitment manoeuvre and the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different levels of PEEP on particle flow in exhaled in an experimental setting.Methods: Five animals received a gradual increase of 5 PEEP to a maximum of 25 PEEP during VCV. Measurements were done before every increase in PEEP in fully anaesthetised domestic pigs. The particle count along with vital parameters and ventilator settings were collected continuously. The particle sizes measured was between 0.41 µm and 4.55 µm.Results: All animals had a significant increase in particle count going from all increased levels of PEEP and back down to baseline PEEP of 5 cmH2O. Here shown with PEEP 15 that had a mean particle count of 401 ± 122 particles compared to after release of PEEP back to 5 with a mean particle count of 5968 ± 1784 (p<0.001). A significant decrease was seen in blood pressure in the higher levels of PEEP compared to PEEP 5 cmH2O.Conclusions: In the present study significant increase in particle count was seen when releasing PEEP back to baseline compared to all levels of PEEP. This finding may indicate that this technique can give diagnostic possibilities for monitoring lung function during mechanical ventilation.
One century of food adaptation: Sarikoli wild food plant uses in the Wakhan Area, Northern Pakistan
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Abdul , Ullah Zahid , Adnan Muhammad , Sõukand Renata , Pieroni Andrea 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The plant-centered biocultural heritage of diasporas have been explored in a number of ethnobiological studies, in order to mobilize policymakers to design strategies for fostering their social sustainability. The present study aimed to record the biocultural heritage of wild food plants (WFPs) among the Sarikoli diaspora and the dominant Wakhi in Broghil Valley, North Pakistan, to understand their intercultural assimilation, mainly by looking through the lens of food adaptation. We recorded twenty-nine locally gathered WFPs, most of which were used as cooked vegetables and raw snacks. The local communities quoted fewer plants than other cultural groups from NW Pakistan they have historically been pastoralists, whose traditional food system mainly consists of meat, dairy products, and local food ingredients readily available to them. The local plant nomenclatures and wild food ethnobotanies of the two studied groups were completely homogenized which could be attributed to the cultural assimilation where Sarikoli led to mixed marriages with the Wakhi which may have homogenized kinship relations. In addition, the remarkable social change in nearby regions is also threatening the local biocultural heritage among the two communities, and the growth of legal restrictions on accessing local natural resources the sanctions imposed on cross-border trade are posing serious challenges to cultural resilience in the valley. Most importantly, the cross-border movement of the Sarikoli is creating serious challenges for those who have cross-border kinship relations. It is advisable for policymakers to put in place certain measures to restore cross-border movement to promote and celebrate the local biocultural heritage.
Gasdermin D Mediates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by FAM134B to Regulate Cardiomyocyte Autophagy and Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Ge Junbo , Qu Ya-Nan , Gao Rifeng , Wei Xiang , Sun Xiaolei , Yang Kun , Shi Huairui , Gao Yang , Hu Shiyu , Wang Yiwen , Yang Ji'e , Sun Aijun , Zhang Feng 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and apoptosis play a vital role in the pathophysiology of several cardiovascular diseases. Our recent study revealed that Gasdermin D (GSDMD) can promote myocardial I/R injury via caspase-11/GSDMD pathway. Furthermore, we also found that GSDMD deletion attenuated myocardial I/R and MI injury by reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and pyroptosis. However, how GSDMD mediates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and protects myocardial function remains unclear. We here evaluated that doxorubicin (DOX) treatment resulted in significantly increased apoptosis instead of pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, GSDMD overexpression promoted cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and GSDMD knockdown attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Notably, GSDMD overexpression exacerbated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) injury, impaired cardiac function in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced DOX-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy. Mechanistically, GSDMD regulated the activity of FAM134B, an endoplasmic reticulum autophagy receptor, by pore formation on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane via its N-terminus, thus activating endoplasmic reticulum stress. In turn, FAM134B interacted with autophagic protein LC3, thus inducing cardiac autophagy, promoting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and aggravating DIC. These results suggest that GSDMD promotes autophagy and induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by modulating the reaction of FAM134B and LC3, thereby promoting DIC injury. Targeted regulation of GSDMD may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of DIC.
“It’s about being healthy”; A Novel Approach to the Socio-Ecological Model Using Family Perspectives within the Latinx Community
Authors: Korom Bethany , Malloy Meghan , Remmers Caroline , Cevilla Mari , Dione Kelly , Papanek Paula , Condit Jeff , Nelson David 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background. The Latinx community is at risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic illnesses. Culturally appropriate, community facing physical activity (P.A.) and nutrition programs may provide the basis for families to improve their health status. Our objectives are as follows: 1. To investigate synergistic factors within this type of program that play a role in creating an environment for participants to learn and practice healthy behaviors. 2. To apply factors into a novel model of components that support health and wellness. 3. To design an intervention for future implementation and evaluation.Methods. A two-year P.A. and nutrition program, Families Inspired Together 4 Youth Empowered to Succeed (FIT 4 YES), took place in Milwaukee, WI. with Hispanic families from 2018 to 2020 through a community-academic partnership. A pair of interviewers spoke with families who provided insight into the impact of the program. A grounded theory qualitative approach to code the transcripts guided the team to identify overarching themes.Results. Twenty-four interviews with 45 total participants spoke about the program. Common themes indicated that children had a stronger belief in their abilities and confidence in peer support. Parents noticed their children increasing self-directed healthy behaviors. All families grew in their implementation of health and wellness.Conclusions. Three main components of FIT 4 YES contributed to its success: opportunities for engagement, supportive relationships, and the interplay of components that emerged from the interviews. Effective programs could include these components to make their outcomes more cohesive within the family. A novel model emerged that builds on the social-ecological model that emphasizes the dynamic interactions between these main components. Additional research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects and response by the community.
Pancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma: A Population Level Analysis of Epidemiological Trends and Prognosis
Authors: Huang Zhihao , Wang Jiakun , Zhang Rongguiyi , He Aoxiao , Luo Shuaiwu , Wu Rongshou , Li Min , Xiong Jianghui , Jin Tao , Li Enliang , Wu Linquan , Liao Wenjun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The incidence and mortality of pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (PASC) have received little attention. The goal of our study was to explore the overall epidemiological trend of PASC at the population level.
Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to collect the incidence, incidence-based (IB) mortality, and patient details for PASC from 2000 to 2017. The Joinpoint regression tool was used to examine the trends in incidence and IB mortality. The Kaplan–Meier approach was used for survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the independent prognostic factors.
Results
We included 815 patients with PASC in the study. The incidence of PASC continuously increased from 2000 to 2017, with an annual percentage change (APC) of 3.9% (95% CI: 2.2–5.7%, P < 0.05). IB mortality also increased continuously, with an APC of 5.0% (95% CI: 2.5–7.6%, P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that age, treatment, regional lymph node involvement, and tumor size were independent prognostic factors. Nomograms were created for PASC to predict 1- and 2-year survival probabilities, respectively.
Conclusions
The incidence and IB mortality of PASC had a sustained and rapid increase, indicating that the preventive and treatment measures for PASC were not ideal. We must identify the significance of this condition as soon as possible, and commit greater attention and resources to PASC research.
Hyaluronic acid addition to collagen reduces the trismus and swelling after surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars: A Split-Mouth, randomized controlled study
Authors: Kokash Moemeneh , Darwich Khaldoun , Ataya Jawdat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Removal of impacted third molars is associated with postoperative complications such as pain, swelling, ecchymosis, trismus, infection, and hematoma. Thus, contemporary surgery aims to reduce complications by applying collagen or hyaluronic acid in the socket after extracting the impacted mandibular third molars.This study aimed to study the efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) addition to collagen, compared to collagen application alone, on the magnitude of swelling and trismus following impacted mandibular third molar surgery.Methods: About 20 patients underwent impacted bilateral lower third molars surgery (n = 40). Opaque envelopes carried out randomization; two materials were applied topically in the socket collagen alone or with hyaluronic. The post-operative mouth-opening limitation and swelling rate were assessed on the third and seventh days after the extraction. Results: The mean age was 22.7 ± 3.079 years (75% female, 25% male). A statistically significant difference was detected for the trismus between the two treatment groups on the seventh (p= 0.005) but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant on the third day (p= 0.061). The swelling scores of the hyaluronic acid addition group were significantly lesser than those of the collagen alone group on the third and the seventh days (p<0.05) except for lateral canthus to angulus mandibulae on the third day (p= 0.133).Conclusion: Adding hyaluronic acid to collagen could effectively reduce the severity of facial swelling and trismus following surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Isrctn.com database (06/07/2021, ISRCTN16820104).
Prospective Cholestanol Screening of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis Among Patients With Juvenile-onset Unexplained Bilateral Cataracts
Authors: Fernández-Eulate Gorka , Martin Gilles C , Dureau Pascal , Speeg-Spatz Claude , Brassier Anais , Gillard Perrine , Bremond-Gignac Dominique , Thouvenin Dominique , Pagan Cecile , Lamari Foudil , Nadjar Yann 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundCerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic disorder related to CYP27A1 biallelic mutations, leading to decreased synthesis of bile acids and increased cholestanol. Juvenile bilateral cataracts are one of the most common findings in the disease, frequently occurring before the onset of neurological manifestations. While early treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid can prevent the onset of neurological impairment, poor awareness of CTX accounts for a markedly delayed diagnosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of plasma cholestanol analysis at the moment of cataract diagnosis and before the onset of neurological impairment in CTX.MethodsMulticenter prospective cohort study of patients with juvenile-onset unexplained bilateral cataracts recruited from seven French ophthalmology departments. Plasma cholestanol analysis was performed at diagnosis from January 2018 to January 2020. CYP27A1 genetic testing was performed at the ophthalmologist’s discretion. Cholestanol levels were compared with those of a similar population of patients without cataracts (control cohort).Results30 patients were finally recruited, with a mean age at cataract diagnosis of 7.1 years (±4.8 SD, range 1-19 years). One patient had a very high cholestanol level (68 μmol/L, reference < 10) and carried two pathogenic heterozygous mutations in CYP27A1 confirming CTX. This patient was a 19-year-old female, reporting chronic diarrhea only in childhood, and diagnosed with bilateral posterior cataracts with cortical fleck-like opacities. Therefore, the incidence of CTX in our cohort of patients was 3.3%. Five further patients (5/29; 17.2%) had moderate elevations of cholestanol level (between 10.3 and 16.5 μmol/L), compared to 14/288 (4.9%) in the control cohort (p=0.007).. Conclusion Our study argue for the relevance of plasma cholestanol CTX screening in all patients with juvenile-onset unexplained cataracts, even without other CTX identified manifestations. Whether moderate elevations of plasma cholestanol unrelated to CTX may be a risk factor for bilateral cataracts occurrence needs further examination.
A simple surgical solution for the treatment of persistent postoperative hypotony after PRESERFLO MicroShunt implantation
Authors: Aguilar-Munoa Soledad , Tham Yih-Horng , Barton Keith 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives: PRESERFLO MicroShunt implantation is a relatively new and increasingly popular treatment for recalcitrant glaucoma. Though relatively uncommon, persistent, or severe postoperative hypotony may occur and its treatment presents a significant challenge.Subjects/Methods: Interventional case series of the first 7 consecutive patients who underwent the insertion of a rip-cord suture to treat severe or persistent postoperative hypotony. Results: In 6 patients, the hypotony resolved and vision was restored (table 2). The 7th patient had suffered a severe supra-choroidal haemorrhage with a poor visual recovery and limited follow-up, so success was more difficult to assess.Conclusions: Stenting the PRESERFLO MicroShunt with a rip-cord suture is a simple technique to correct persistent or severe postoperative hypotony.