bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SURGICAL OUTCOME AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS AFTER OPHTHALMIC SURGERY IN ABUSIVE HEAD TRAUMA
Authors: Ho Ming-Chih , Wu An-Lun , Wang Nan-Kai , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Lai Chi-Chun , Wu Wei-Chi 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, and risk factors associated with visual outcomes in patients with abusive head trauma (AHT).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed surgical outcomes of patients with AHT who underwent vitrectomy from 2001 to 2019. The patients' demographics, comprehensive preoperative and postoperative ocular findings, surgical treatments, visual outcomes, and postoperative complications in the medical records were reviewed. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors associated with visual outcomes.

Results:
Fourteen children (18 eyes) diagnosed with AHT who underwent vitrectomy were evaluated. The most common surgical indication was vitreous hemorrhage (n = 6, 33%). Retinal attachment at the final visit was noted in 17 eyes (94%). Thirteen eyes (72%) had a best-corrected visual acuity less than 20/200 after vitrectomy. In the multivariable analysis, optic nerve atrophy (n = 9, 50%) was significantly associated with a poor visual prognosis (final best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/200) after vitrectomy in children with AHT (95% confidence interval, 1.041–517.963, P = 0.0471).

Conclusion:
The general visual prognosis was poor for patients with AHT needing vitrectomy, although a high rate of retinal attachment was observed. Optic nerve atrophy is a prognostic factor for poor visual outcomes in patients with AHT who received ophthalmic surgery.
PRESUMPTIVE RECURRENCE OF INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA DESPITE CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY
Authors: Taher Amir , Abadir Edward , McCluskey Peter , Hamad Nada , Lo Tsun-Ho , Heydon Peter 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
To present the first reported case of presumptive intraocular recurrence of lymphoma following Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy despite systemic control by CD19-CAR T cells.

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 59-year-old man with diffuse, large, B-cell lymphoma subsequently developed secondary central nervous system disease despite chemotherapy. He underwent stem cell transplantation but relapsed again and was scheduled to receive CAR T-cell therapy. He developed vitritis several weeks before treatment, with vitreous biopsy showing non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. He received CAR T-cell therapy following the vitrectomy. He presented 3 months following CAR T-cell therapy with nonspecific right eye floaters and discomfort, with the optical coherence tomography revealing subretinal saw-tooth deposits in the right eye, highly suggestive of lymphoma. This is despite having good systemic control with no other disease elsewhere in the body. He received intravitreal methotrexate to good effect.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first case of a vitreoretinal lymphoma nonresponsive to CAR T-cell therapy, despite good central nervous system and systemic control. This is suggestive of anti-CD19 CAR T cells not trafficking into the eye in sufficient numbers to eliminate CD19-expressing neoplastic B cells. We suggest regular ophthalmic follow-up after CAR-T-cell therapy for patients where there is evidence of ocular involvement.
The gut barrier and chronic diseases
Authors: Santilli Anthony , Stefanopoulos Stavros , Cresci Gail A.M. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an update regarding the gut barrier and its involvement with chronic diseases, as well as to review biomarkers for identification of gut barrier integrity. This review is timely and relevant as our knowledge is increasing regarding the role of the gut microbiome and the gut barrier in health and disease.

Recent findings
This review provides an overview of: the gut barrier, which is complex and comprised of the mucus layer and the intestinal apical junctional protein complex; the gut microbiome in its relation to regulating the integrity of the gut barrier; select acute and chronic conditions that are known to be associated with gut dysbiosis and impaired gut integrity or ‘leaky gut’; and current means for identifying loss in gut barrier integrity.

Summary
Many chronic conditions are associated with gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation. Identifying whether the gut barrier is compromised in these conditions could help to inform potential therapeutics as a means to correct losses in gut barrier integrity and mitigate associated medical conditions.
Differential diagnosis of dysosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19 pandemic setting
Authors: Minowa Kenji , Ogawa Fumihiro , Takahashi Mitsuru , Yokoi Hideto , Gakumazawa Masayasu , Doi Tomoki , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Among the initial symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, typical viral infection symptoms such as fever and respiratory symptoms appear, but dysgeusia and olfactory disorders has also been reported. However, many diseases cause dysgeusia, and care must be taken during differentiation.

Patient Concerns:
A 76-year-old man presented to our hospital with continuous fever, dysgeusia, dysosmia, and vomiting.

Diagnosis:
A chest radiograph showed an infiltrative shadow in the right hilar region, and the patient was hospitalized with suspected coronavirus disease 2019. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a mass lesion in the upper right lobe without ground-glass opacities or consolidations. However, head computed tomography revealed a mass lesion in the right frontal lobe, suggesting a malignant tumor. The coronavirus disease 2019 polymerase chain reaction test was negative, and pathological results confirmed lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the diagnosis was lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastasis from lung cancer with dysgeusia and dysosmia.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with antibiotics for suspected pneumonia, brain tumor by whole-brain radiotherapy, and peripheral edema around the brain tumor was treated with concentrated glycerin and corticosteroids.

Outcomes:
After the start of aggressive treatment for his symptoms (except chemotherapy), his condition deteriorated sharply, making it impossible to continue aggressive treatment. Sixteen days after admission, he died of liver dysfunction and massive lung cancer. Throughout the clinical course, the patient had persistent dysgeusia and dysosmia.

Conclusion:
Dysosmia and dysgeusia are suspected to be typical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, but other diseases also cause these symptoms. Hence, in this pandemic setting, it is important not to overlook diseases that can result in poor outcomes.
Heterotopic ossification in COVID-19 patient on anticoagulation with limited treatment options
Authors: Van Ochten Natalie A. , Shori Akhil , Puderbaugh Matthew A. , Benert Joseph , Krishnamurthy Murali 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
There is limited research on the treatment of heterotopic ossification in patients with contraindications to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Patient concerns:
A 59-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes, hypertension, and recurrent pulmonary embolism on anticoagulation (apixaban 5 mg twice a day) presented to the emergency department with dyspnea and was noted to have bilateral pleural effusion and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The patient was admitted for coronavirus disease 2019 treatment and was subsequently intubated. While intubated, he received physical therapy and had progressive hip pain by day 23, which interfered with therapy. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis on day 30 of intubation showed no significant bony abnormalities. He was extubated after 43 days, stabilized, and admitted for acute rehabilitation for intensive care unit-associated weakness 15 days later. He continued to experience worsening hip pain.

Diagnosis:
Bilateral hip radiographs were obtained on rehabilitation day 35 (day 103 of overall hospitalization), which demonstrated Booker Grade 3 heterotopic ossification on the right and Booker Grade 2 on the left.

Interventions:
A multidisciplinary approach to treatment was sought using consultants from orthopedics, endocrinology, radiation oncology, pharmacy, and physical therapy. Owing to his anticoagulation status, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not recommended. Radiation therapy and bisphosphonates are also not recommended. The patient's pain was managed with tylenol as needed and tizanidine.

Outcomes:
Tylenol and tizanidine were effective in controlling pain and allowing the patient to participate in therapies. He had no treatment-related complications.

Conclusion:
Prolonged intubation and intensive care unit stay are risk factors for heterotopic ossification development and should be considered early on admission. Prompt identification and early treatment with an aggressive range of motion should be considered. This case exemplifies the challenges of treating heterotopic ossification in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 and contraindications to further anticoagulation.
MYO5B Gene Mutations
Authors: Matarazzo Lorenza , Bianco Anna Monica , Athanasakis Emmanouil , Serveres Marco , Francalanci Paola , Cenacchi Giovanna , Maggiore Giuseppe , D'Adamo Adamo Pio 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectives:Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is an expanding group of autosomal recessive intrahepatic cholestatic disorders. Recently, next‐generation sequencing allowed identifying new genes responsible for new specific disorders. Two biochemical phenotypes have been identified according to gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. Mutations of the myosin 5B gene (MYO5B) are known to cause microvillus inclusion disease. Recently, different mutations in MYO5B gene have been reported in patients with low‐GGT cholestasis.Methods:A multicenter retrospective and prospective study was conducted in 32 children with cryptogenic intrahepatic cholestasis. Clinical, biochemical, histological, and treatment data were analyzed in these patients. DNA from peripheral blood was extracted, and all patients were studied by whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing.Results:Six patients out of 32 had mutations in the MYO5B gene. Of these six patients, the median age at disease onset was 0.8 years, and the median length of follow‐up was 4.2 years. The most common signs were pruritus, poor growth, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and hypocholic stools. Two patients also showed intestinal involvement. Transaminases and conjugated bilirubin were moderately increased, serum bile acids elevated, and GGT persistently normal. At anti‐Myo5B immunostaining, performed in liver biopsy of two patients, coarse granules were evident within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes while bile salt export pump was normally expressed at the canalicular membrane. Six variants in homozygosity or compound heterozygosity in the MYO5B gene were identified, and three of them have never been described before. All nucleotide alterations were located on the myosin motor domain except one missense variant found in the isoleucine‐glutamine calmodulin‐binding motif.Conclusions:We identified causative mutations in MYO5B in 18.7% of a selected cohort of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis confirming a relevant role for the MYO5B gene in low‐GGT cholestasis.
Abatacept-based Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Haplo-identical Hematopoietic Cell Transplant in a High-risk Cohort
Authors: Raffa Enass H. , Srinivasan Anand , Wall Donna A. , Schechter Tal , Ali Muhammad , Krueger Joerg , Chiang Kuang-Yueh 
Published: February 2022

Background:
There is insufficient guidance in using posttransplant cyclophosphamide in patients with organ dysfunctions. Abatacept (Aba), a T cell costimulation blockade, has recently been shown to prevent severe acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

Observation:
We report adding Aba as GVHD prophylaxis in 4 pediatrics patients who received haplo-hematopoietic cell transplantation. Two patients had grade 2 acute GVHD and 2 had mild chronic GVHD. All 4 patients are alive with full donor chimerism, and 3 are off immunosuppressants.

Conclusion:
An Aba-based regimen can result in reliable engraftment and acceptable GVHD when concerns of organ dysfunction prevents the use of posttransplant cyclophosphamide in haplo-hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lung infection in coronavirus disease 2019: how common?
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Magnasco Laura , Vena Antonio , Portunato Federica , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may develop pulmonary bacterial coinfection or superinfection, that could unfavorably impact their prognosis.

Recent findings
The exact burden of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lung infection in peculiar populations such as patients with COVID-19 remains somewhat elusive, possibly because of wide heterogeneity in methods and endpoints across studies.

Summary
There was important heterogeneity in the retrieved literature on the epidemiology of MRSA lung infection in patients with COVID-19, both when considering all other bacteria as the denominator (relative prevalence ranging from 2% to 29%) and when considering only S. aureus as the denominator (relative prevalence ranging from 11% to 65%). Overall, MRSA is among the most frequent causative agents of pulmonary infection in patients with COVID-19. Improving our ability to rapidly reach etiological diagnosis of bacterial lung infection in COVID-19 patients remains fundamental if we are to improve the rates of appropriate antibiotic therapy in patients with COVID-19 and concomitant/superimposed MRSA infection, at the same time avoiding antibiotic overuse in line with antimicrobial stewardship principles.
Expectation for sweet taste changes peripheral glucose metabolism via basolateral amygdala
Authors: Yamamoto Izumi , Yonekura Toya , Ishimoto Taiga , Xu Shu-Cheng , Iijima Norifumi , Kimura Kazuhiro , Diano Sabrina , Toda Chitoku 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnticipatory physiological responses to food were first reported by Ivan Pavlov a century ago but the associated neural mechanism is still ill-defined. Here, we identified two types of neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), which are activated by sweetener (saccharin) or water after sucrose conditioning, representing expected sweet taste and unmet expectation, respectively. Saccharin-induced met-expectation of sweet taste enhances, while H2O-induced unmet-expectation deteriorates, glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Deletion of saccharin-responsive neurons in BLA impaired saccharin-induced increase in insulin sensitivity. Deletion of H2O-responsive neurons in BLA improved glucose intolerance by unmet-expectation. Saccharin- and H2O-responsive neurons had different gene expressions. Our data suggest that the gap between the expected incoming sugar and sweet taste is evaluated by distinct BLA neurons to control peripheral glucose metabolism.One-Sentence SummaryNeurons in the basolateral amygdala control blood glucose levels by comparing anticipated sugar intake and sweet taste
Reconstructing phylogeny of the hornless rhinoceros Aceratheriinae
Authors: Lu Xiaokang , Deng Tao , Pandolfi Luca 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThis study presents the first phylogenetic analysis focused on the Subfamily Aceratheriinae to date, with 391 characters coded from 43 taxa at the species level. We added 77 newly defined and 33 revised characteristics, including features of the skull, teeth, and postcranial bones. In the present analysis, the tribe Teleoceratini, as well as the tribe Aceratheriini, was reclassified within Aceratheriinae, however, the traditionally established monophyly of each tribe was decomposed. Combined with detailed morphological comparisons, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Aceratheriinae and revised the diagnosis of Aceratheriinae. The reported skull and teeth specimens of Turkanatherium from the late Early Miocene indicate that it is not an acerathere and has been placed as a basal rhinocerotid. The Aceratheriinae has undergone evolutionary adaptation several times during the early stage of evolution, and several genera from the Oligocene to the Early Miocene have been reconstructed as early diverging taxa, such as Molassitherium, Protaceratherium, Plesiaceratherium and Chilotheridium; Aprotodon and Mesaceratherium from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene were united as the earliest divergent clade of Aceratheriinae; meanwhile, due to the limited materials, the phylogenies of Floridaceras and Dromoceratherium are unstable in this analysis, and both have been tentatively considered as the early diverging clades of Aceratheriinae. Alicornops was reclassified a member of Teleoceratini. Aceratheriini and Teleoceratini have been redefined as two highly specialized groups. Furthermore, Aceratheriini has been divided into two/three clades based on the difference in the skull outlines and the occlusal patterns of the cheek teeth.
Abnormal brain state distribution and network connectivity in aSYNGAP1rat model
Authors: Buller-Peralta Ingrid , Maicas-Royo Jorge , Lu Zhuoen , Till Sally M. , Wood Emma R. , Kind Peter C. , Escudero Javier , Gonzalez-Sulser Alfredo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMutations in theSYNGAP1gene are one of the common predictors of neurodevelopmental disorders, commonly resulting in individuals developing autism, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and sleep deficits. EEG recordings in neurodevelopmental disorders show potential to identify clinically translatable biomarkers to both diagnose and track the progress of novel therapeutic strategies, as well as providing insight into underlying pathological mechanisms. In a rat model ofSYNGAP1haploinsufficiency in which the exons encoding the calcium/lipid binding and GTPase activating protein (GAP) domains have been deleted (Syngap+/Δ-GAP) we analysed the duration and occurrence of wake, non rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) brain states during 6 hour multi-electrode EEG recordings. We find that althoughSyngap+/Δ-GAPanimals spend an equivalent percent time in wake and sleep states, they have an abnormal brain state distribution as the number of wake and NREM bouts are reduced and there is an increase in the average duration of both wake and NREM epochs. We perform connectivity analysis by calculating the average imaginary coherence between electrode pairs at varying distance thresholds during these states. In group averages from pairs of electrodes at short distances from each other, a clear reduction in connectivity during NREM is present between 11.5 Hz and 29.5 Hz, a frequency range that overlaps with sleep spindles, oscillatory phenomena thought to be important for normal brain function and memory consolidation. Sleep spindles occurrence, amplitude, power and spread across multiple electrodes were not reduced inSyngap+/Δ-GAPrats, with only a small decrease in duration detected. Nonetheless, by analysing the dynamic imaginary coherence during sleep spindles, we found a reduction in high connectivity instances between short-distance electrode pairs. Finally, by comparing the dynamic imaginary coherence during sleep spindles between individual electrode pairs, we identified a group of channels over the right somatosensory, association and visual cortices that have a significant reduction in connectivity during sleep spindles in mutant animals. These data suggest thatSyngap+/Δ-GAPrats have altered brain state dynamics and EEG connectivity, which may have clinical relevance forSYNGAPhaploinsufficiency in humans.
Early removal of the infrapatellar fat pad beneficially alters the pathogenesis of moderate stage idiopathic knee osteoarthritis in the Dunkin Hartley guinea pig
Authors: Afzali Maryam F. , Radakovich Lauren B. , Campbell Margaret A. , Sanford Joseph L. , Sykes Madeline M. , Marolf Angela J. , Donahue Tammy H. , Santangelo Kelly S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is the largest adipose deposit in the knee; however, its contributions to the homeostasis of this organ remain unknown. To determine the influence of this depot on joint health, this study determined the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) following excision of the IFP in a rodent model of naturally-occurring disease.MethodsMale Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (n=10) received surgical removal of the IFP in one knee at 3 months of age; contralateral knees received sham surgery as matched internal controls. Treadmill-based gait analysis was performed prior to IFP removal and monthly thereafter. Animals were harvested at 7 months of age. Both knees were processed for microcomputed tomography (microCT), histopathology, transcript expression analyses, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsFibrous connective tissue (FCT) developed in place of the native fat pad. Gait demonstrated no significant differences between IFP removal and contralateral limbs. MicroCT OA scores were improved in knees with the FCT. Histopathology confirmed maintenance of articular cartilage structure, proteoglycan content, and chondrocyte cellularity in FCT-containing knees. Transcript analyses revealed decreased expression of adipose-related molecules and inflammatory mediators in FCTs compared to IFPs. This was corroborated via IHC for select inflammatory mediators.Discussion/ConclusionFormation of the FCT resulted in reduced OA-associated changes in both bone and cartilage. A decrease in inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels may be associated with these improvements. The IFP may therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of knee OA in this strain, with removal prior to disease onset appearing to have short-term benefits.
Factors affecting multiple borrowing among microfinance clients: evidences from Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Isahaque , Mia Md Aslam , Azman Azlinda , Masron Tajul Ariffin 
Published: February 2022

PurposeAlthough microfinance had experienced rapid growth in most developing economies, multiple borrowing remains a growing concern for practitioners and researchers in recent years. Hence, the main purpose of the study is to evaluate the factors affecting multiple borrowing among microfinance clients.Design/methodology/approachThe primary survey data of 400 microfinance clients from Bangladesh was collected to execute the research objective. Considering the types of dependent variable, this study employed logistics, probit, ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson regression techniques to analyze the data.FindingsAmong others, it was discovered that the expected (requested) loan amount is positively associated with multiple borrowing, while the level of training, small cattle farming business and marital status (widow/separated) exhibited negative effects under logistic regression. These results are robust with respect to the regression method, the specification and the definition of the outcome variable. Also, supply-side incentives (e.g. training) were found to partly influence the multiple-borrowing behavior of microfinance clients. These findings reiterate the contribution of both demand and supply-side factors to the multiple-borrowing behavior of clients. Consequently, policy implications and future research direction are advanced.Originality/valueThe authors have examined some individual-level characteristics as well as some supply-side incentives to better understand the underexplored issue of multiple-borrowing behavior among microfinance clients.