bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of rapid low‐cost isotope (δ15N, δ18O) analyses of nitrate in fruit extracts by Ti(III) reduction to differentiate organic from conventional production
Authors: Wassenaar Leonard I. , Kelly Simon D. , Douence Cedric , Islam Marivil , Monteiro Lucilena , Abrahim Aiman , Rinke Peter 
Published: January 2022

RationaleThe isotopic composition (δ15N, δ18O) of nitrate in fruits and vegetables differentiates organic from conventional food production practices. Organic systems do not use synthetic nitrate fertilizers high in 18O and low in 15N and thereby help reveal producers’ fertilization claims. Isotope analyses of nitrate extracted from fruits and vegetables are done by bacterial reduction which is costly and by specialized laboratories. Rapid, low‐cost methods are needed to promulgate nitrate isotope analyses of food products to support organic food product certification and to verify the authenticity of production claims.MethodsFresh strawberry samples were obtained from certified organic and conventional growers in Andalucía, Spain. We applied a new, rapid, one‐step Ti(III) reduction method to convert the nitrate from strawberry extracts to N2O gas for headspace isotope analyses using isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry. Using the Ti(III) reduction method, 70 samples, controls and references were prepared and analyzed for NO3−, δ15N and δ18O per 48 h. We also analyzed extracts and solids for anions and cations and for bulk δ15N for multivariate chemometric evaluation.ResultsThe Ti(III)‐based isotope analyses of nitrate in strawberry extracts revealed clear differentiation between organic and conventional production with mean δ18O and δ15N values of +18.3 ± 1.2 ‰ and +17.6 ± 1.2 ‰ versus +28.2 ± 4.5 ‰ and +14.9 ± 3.0 ‰, respectively. The δ15N of strawberry dry mass differed slightly (+3.0 ± 1.4 ‰ versus +4.0 ± 1.4 ‰) between organic and conventional samples, respectively. Chemometric analyses of nitrate isotopes and extract chemistry revealed that the δ18O of nitrate along with δ15N and Ca2+ fully differentiated organic from conventional strawberry production.ConclusionsOur results show the Ti(III) reduction method provides a new low‐cost and rapid analytical method to facilitate compound‐specific δ15N and δ18O isotope analyses of nitrate in selected fruit types, and likely other food products, for the purposes of assessing nitrate fertilization practices of organic versus conventional production claims and to support authenticity investigations.
Time‐varying formation control for multi‐agent systems under directed topology base on gain re‐adaptation fault‐tolerant compensation approach
Authors: Wang Haiqing , Dong Jiuxiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe distributed fault‐tolerant time‐varying formation control problem for second‐order multi‐agent systems (MAS) with loss‐of‐effectiveness and bias actuator faults over the directed topology is investigated in this article. A novel robust fault‐tolerant state feedback controller is constructed with the re‐adaptation gain and adaptive compensation, where the re‐adaptation control gain is introduced to accomplish formation control with no need for any global knowledge of interaction network among the agents in the entire system. The adaptive compensation is addressed to cope with the unknown bound of faults and time‐varying formation. Moreover, the adaptive laws will not always rise because of the influence of measurement noise. On the analysis of Lyapunov stability, one can obtain that all signals of the closed‐loop fault‐tolerant control system are uniformly bounded, and the formation errors can asymptotically converge to zero. The numerical simulation of second‐order MAS is performed to prove the effectiveness of the mentioned results.
Version‐based and risk‐enabled testing, monitoring, and visualization of microservice systems
Authors: Ma Shang‐Pin , Liu I‐Hsiu , Chen Chun‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Te 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the growing importance of the microservice architecture (MSA), interactions among the various elements (e.g., services, endpoints, and versions) remain difficult to manage. This research devised a system, called version‐based microservice analysis, monitoring, and visualization (VMAMV), including multiple proposed methods to facilitate the testing, monitoring, and visualization of microservice systems by considering service versions and risks. VMAMV can generate version‐based service dependency graphs, provide graph search services, perform consumer‐driven contract testing, and conduct a risk analysis. Besides, VMAMV can also notify users of existing anomalies and potential risks to facilitate the development and operation of microservice systems. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of the VMAMV system in the detection of service anomalies, old patch versions, low‐usage service versions, the presentation of contract test results and service error chains, and the validity of risk analysis.
Poetological Lists: Writing-Scenes in Contemporary Literature
Authors: Vedder Ulrike 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe article focuses on literary lists the items of which demonstrate the practice of writing, that is, those which evoke a “writing-scene” (R. Campe). These poetological lists consolidate the self-reflexive potential of literary texts, gather elements of narration in list form, stage the conditions for a non-linear narrative in the list or even thematize the “genea-logic” of narrative and writing. Under consideration are four lists (all in the second half of the twentieth century) from the most disparate of genres: lyric poetry (Inger Christensen), the manifesto (Jack Kerouac), the novel (Italo Calvino), and the autobiography (Roland Barthes). Each of these lists reflects not only the process of writing and poetics but also genre specificity.
Aesthetics of Enumeration: The Arma Christi in Medieval Visual Art
Authors: Wagner Daniela 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe chapter explores pictorial representations of the Arma Christi in late medieval visual art under the premise of their list-like character. The aim is to explain how artists designed the representations of the Arma with a conceptual purpose regarding the interplay of aesthetics and functionality to tie the beholder’s gaze and thoughts to the Passion of Christ. As will be shown, an examination of the Arma from the perspective of enumeration enables a more theoretical understanding of the list and its potential in the late medieval practice of piety.
The Lists of Alexander von Humboldt: On the Epistemology of Scientific Practice
Authors: Ette Ottmar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFocusing on Alexander von Humboldt’s American Travel Journals, this chapter discusses how the scientific list took on new functions in the wake of a paradigm shift in the history of knowledge. Humboldt’s list-making shaped and was shaped by his novel trans-areal as well as trans-disciplinary conception of science. Rather than composing static taxonomies, his lists make reference to geographies of natural entities, showing their migration or evolution. By thus moving across territorial boundaries, Humboldt practices mobility of thought and bridges the split between the “old” and the “new” world. His enumerations showcase scientific study as a quintessentially nomadic process that is never completed or flawless. Often combined into tables to represent the multi-relationality of natural life, Humboldt’s lists are thus intentionally inconsistent.
Towards a FOSS Automatic Classification of Defects for Bridges Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Belcore Elena , Di Pietra Vincenzo , Grasso Nives , Piras Marco , Tondolo Francesco , Savino Pierclaudio , Polania Daniel Rodriguez , Osello Anna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBridges are among the most important structures of any road network. During their service life, they are subject to deterioration which may reduce their safety and functionality. The detection of bridge damage is necessary for proper maintenance activities. To date, assessing the health status of the bridge and all its elements is carried out by identifying a series of data obtained from visual inspections, which allows the mapping of the deterioration situation of the work and its conservation status. There are, however, situations where visual inspection may be difficult or impossible, especially in critical areas of bridges, such as the ceiling and corners. In this contribution, the authors acquire images using a prototype drone with a low-cost camera mounted upward over the body of the drone. The proposed solution was tested on a bridge in the city of Turin (Italy). The captured data was processed via photogrammetric process using the open-source Micmac solution. Subsequently, a procedure was developed with FOSS tools for the segmentation of the orthophoto of the intrados of the bridge and the automatic classification of some defects found on the analyzed structure. The paper describes the adopted approach showing the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Celestial operator product expansions and w1+∞ symmetry for all spins
Authors: Himwich E. , Pate M. , Singh K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The operator product expansion of massless celestial primary operators of arbitrary spin is investigated. Poincaré symmetry is found to imply a set of recursion relations on the operator product expansion coefficients of the leading singular terms at tree-level in a holomorphic limit. The symmetry constraints are solved by an Euler beta function with arguments that depend simply on the right-moving conformal weights of the operators in the product. These symmetry-derived coefficients are shown not only to match precisely those arising from momentum-space tree-level collinear limits, but also to obey an infinite number of additional symmetry transformations that respect the algebra of w1+∞. In tree-level minimally-coupled gravitational theories, celestial currents are constructed from light transforms of conformally soft gravitons and found to generate the action of w1+∞ on arbitrary massless celestial primaries. Results include operator product expansion coefficients for fermions as well as those arising from higher-derivative non-minimal couplings of gluons and gravitons.
Conformal boundary condition and massive gravitons in AdS/BCFT
Authors: Chu Chong-Sun , Miao Rong-Xin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
According to Witten [1], the conformal boundary condition of gravity, which specifies the conformal geometry of the boundary and the trace of the extrinsic curvature, is elliptic and leads to well-defined perturbation theory of gravity about any classical solution. The conformal boundary condition was previously considered in [2, 3] in the context of AdS/BCFT, wherein the equation of motion of the end-of-the-world was derived and emphasized. In this paper, we investigate further other consequences of the conformal boundary condition in AdS/BCFT. We derive the boundary central charges of the holographic Weyl anomaly and show that they are exactly the same for conformal boundary condition and Dirichlet boundary condition. We analysis the metric perturbation with conformal boundary condition (CBC), Dirichlet boundary condition (DBC) and Neumann boundary condition (NBC) imposed on the end-of-the-world brane and show that they admit an interpretation as the fluctuation of the extrinsic curvature (case of CBC and DBC) and the induced metric (case of NBC) of Q respectively. In all cases, the fluctuation modes are massive, which are closely relevant to the massive island formation in the literature. Our results reveal that there are non-trivial gravitational dynamics from extrinsic curvatures on the conformal and Dirichlet branes, which may have interesting applications to the island. We also discuss, in passing, the localization of gravitons in brane world theory. We find that, contrary to NBC, the graviton for CBC/DBC is located on the brane with non-positive tension instead of non-negative tension.
Robust multiscale optimization accounting for spatially-varying material uncertainties
Authors: Thillaithevan Dilaksan , Bruce Paul , Santer Matthew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate a methodology for performing robust optimization using multivariable parameterized lattice microstructures. By introducing material uncertainties at the microscale, we are able to simulate the variations in geometry that occur during the manufacturing stage and design structures which are tolerant to variations in the microscale geometry. We impose both uniform and spatially-varying, non-uniform material uncertainties to generate structures which, in terms of standard deviation, are up to 77% more robust in the non-spatially uncertainty varying case, and 74% more robust in the spatially-varying case. We also explore the utility of imposing spatially-varying material uncertainties compared to using homogeneous, uniform material uncertainties, which are much less computationally expensive. It is found that when designs that have been optimized assuming uniform uncertainties are subject to spatially-varying uncertainties, their standard deviations of compliance are similar to designs optimized assuming spatially-varying uncertainties. However, their mean compliances are far higher in comparison to designs generated by assuming spatially-varying material uncertainties.
Isogeometric sizing and shape optimization of 3D beams and lattice structures at large deformations
Authors: Weeger Oliver 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA computational method for optimizing the shape of the centerline curve and the spatial variation of geometric and material sizing parameters of the cross-sections of elastic, 3-dimensional beams and beam structures subject to large deformations is presented in this work. The approach is based on the concept of isogeometric analysis, i.e., the representation of geometry and the discretization of the numerical solution using spline functions. Here, mixed isogeometric collocation methods are used to discretize the geometrically exact 3D beam model. These spline representations are extended to the parameterization of the design variables, which are the initial centerline curves of the beams, as well as cross-sectional sizing properties, which may be varying along the beam axis and can be functionally graded through the cross-sections. To tailor the mechanical deformation behavior of a beam or beam structure, a nonlinear optimization problem is formulated and solved using gradient-based methods. For this purpose, all required gradients and sensitivities are derived analytically. The potential of this holistic design optimization approach is demonstrated in application to tailoring of elastic metamaterials and beam lattice structures, as well as 4D printing of multi-material laminate beams.
The Search for the Ideal Female Breast: A Nationally Representative United-States-Census Study
Authors: Wallner Christoph , Dahlmann Vanessa , Montemurro Paolo , Kümmel Sherko , Reinisch Mattea , Drysch Marius , Schmidt Sonja Verena , Reinkemeier Felix , Huber Julika , Wagner Johannes Maximilian , Sogorski Alexander , Dadras Mehran , von Glinski Maxi , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Many studies have started to search for the perfect aesthetic breast in order to create a pars-pro-toto for reconstruction, but especially for aesthetic surgery. To date, no representative study with anatomically accurate models was performed.

Methods
In an online based United-States-census-representative survey with 1049 participants, questions regarding the preferred breast were asked utilizing lifelike morphed 3D-generated female models for the first time. Attributes such as breast pole ratio, areola size, breast direction and projection were asked.

Results
The results show that, contrary to what has been claimed in previous studies, an upper-pole-to-lower-pole ratio of 55:45 is preferred by both female and male participants. When it comes to breast size, on the other hand, there are clear gender-specific differences. While women opted for a cup size around B, the men preferred larger cup sizes. Moreover, the smallest depicted areola size of 30 mm was favored among all groups in the survey.

Discussion
Most publications used rather detrimental models for their surveys. We therefore opted for computer-generated 3D models and varied their naturalness. This enabled us to ensure a more aesthetic and accurate illustration and thus obtained more comparable and reliable results paired with the representation of the US-population. Taken together this study unveiled unexpected insights into the population favored breast attributes that might change operative planning in breast surgery.

Level of Evidence V
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266.
Relationship Between Prehospital Time and 24‐h Mortality in Road Traffic‐Injured Patients in Laos
Authors: Suzuki Takaaki , Phonesavanh Oulaivanh , Thongsna Snong , Inoue Yoshiaki , Ichikawa Masao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRoad traffic injury has long been regarded as a “time‐dependent disease.” However, shortening the prehospital time might not improve the outcome in developing countries given the current quality of in‐hospital care. We aimed to examine the relationship between the prehospital time and 24‐h mortality among road traffic victims in Laos.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted using the trauma registry data on traffic‐injured patients who were transported by ambulance to a trauma center in the capital city of Laos from May 2018 to April 2019. The analysis focused on patients with non‐mild conditions, whose outcomes could be affected by the prehospital time. To examine the relationship between a prehospital time of <60 min and 24‐h mortality, a generalized estimating equation model was used incorporating the inverse probability weights utilizing the propensity score for the prehospital time.ResultsOf 701 patients, 73% were men, 91% were riding 2‐ or 3‐wheel motor vehicles during the crash, and 68% had a prehospital time of <60 min. A total of 35 patients died within 24 h after the crash. Compared with those who survived, individuals who died tended to have head and torso injuries. The proportions of 24‐h mortality were 4.7% and 5.4% in patients whose prehospital time was <60 min and ≥60 min, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the prehospital time and 24‐h mortality.ConclusionA shorter prehospital time was not associated with the 24‐h survival among road traffic victims in Laos.
A computational homogenization framework for non-ordinary state-based peridynamics
Authors: Galadima Yakubu Kasimu , Xia Wenxuan , Oterkus Erkan , Oterkus Selda 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeridynamic theory has been shown to possess the capabilities of describing phenomena that theories based on partial differential equations are not capable of describing. These phenomena include nonlocal interactions and presence of singularities in system responses. To exploit the capabilities offered by peridynamics in the homogenization of heterogenous media, a nonlocal computational homogenization theory based on peridynamic correspondence model (non-ordinary state-based peridynamics) is proposed. To set the development of the theory on a rigorous mathematical framework and to ensure consistency with the nonlocal nature of the peridynamic theory, a nonlocal vector calculus was used in the analysis of the nonlocal homogenization theory. The proposed theory is a two-scale micro–macro-homogenization strategy in which the constitutive relation at the macroscale is derived from explicit solution of a nonlocal volume constraint problem at the microscale. To justify the coupling between the two scales, nonlocal analogues of the stress and strain average theorems as well as the Hill–Mandel macrohomogeneity condition were derived. Validation of the proposed theory is achieved via numerical solution of Representative Volume Elements (RVE) from composite materials and comparing the results with those obtained by means of established methodologies.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy in the upper gastrointestinal tract: when and how to use it
Authors: Gutschow Christian A. , Schlag Christoph , Vetter Diana 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has emerged as a novel treatment option for upper gastrointestinal wall defects. The basic principle of action of EVT entails evacuation of secretions, removal of wound debris, and containment of the defect. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that EVT reduces interstitial edema, increases oxygen saturation, and promotes tissue granulation and microcirculation. Various devices, such as macroporous polyurethane sponge systems or open-pore film drains, have been developed for specific indications. Depending on the individual situation, EVT devices can be placed in- or outside the intestinal lumen, as a stand-alone procedure, or in combination with surgical, radiological, and other endoscopic interventions.

Purpose
The aim of this narrative review is to describe the current spectrum of EVT in the upper gastrointestinal tract and to assess and summarize the related scientific literature.

Conclusions
There is growing evidence that the efficacy of EVT for upper GI leakages exceeds that of other interventional treatment modalities such as self-expanding metal stents, clips, or simple drainages. Owing to the promising results and the excellent risk profile, EVT has become the therapy of choice for perforations and anastomotic leakages of the upper gastrointestinal tract in many centers of expertise. In addition, recent clinical research suggests that preemptive use of EVT after high-risk upper gastrointestinal resections may play an important role in reducing postoperative morbidity.
Efficacy and safety of remifentanil for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Lin Yueh-Juh , Wang Yi-Chia , Huang Hui-Hsun , Huang Chi-Hsiang , Lin Pei-Lin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Remifentanil is a rapid onset and rapid recovery opioid. The combination of remifentanil and propofol for deep sedation decreases the incidents of movement, cough, and hiccup. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of remifentanil during endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients in whom endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition was performed for solid mass lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs. All patients were premedicated with midazolam (2 mg), and target-controlled infusion of propofol, opioid, and Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring were administered as necessary to maintain moderate-to-deep sedation. The opioids used were a bolus of alfentanil or remifentanil infusion. The discharge time, consumption of propofol and opioid, adverse events, diagnostic accuracy, and sensitivity and specificity for malignancy, were compared.

Results
Tissue acquisition was achieved in 123 patients (alfentanil group, n = 64; remifentanil group, n = 59). The discharge time of the remifentanil group (16.5 ± 3.2 min) was significantly shorter than that of the alfentanil group (19.0 ± 4.9 min, P = 0.001). The consumption of propofol, adverse events, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for malignancy in the alfentanil group were not significantly different from those in the remifentanil group.

Conclusions
Use of alfentanil or remifentanil for target-controlled infusion of propofol–BIS monitoring can provide good sedative and diagnostic quality for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. However, remifentanil resulted in faster recovery than alfentanil.