bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Archaeology of the Iron and Steel Industries in Britain
Authors: Nevell Michael 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter deals with the physical remains of the iron and steel industry in Britain. The focus is on extraction and processing rather than the products. The archaeological evidence spans the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries, but with an emphasis on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Although the traditional industrial archaeological focus has been the charcoal an coke blast furnace remains, there are many other production elements that survive either as standing buildings below ground remains which are discussed. These include the surviving physical remains of ore extraction and processing, the puddling furnace, smelting, blast furnaces, and finery forges. In the later nineteenth the introduction of mass steel making revolutionized the industry producing a further set of industrial monuments and concentrating production in fewer locations
One-kiloparsec expanding cylinder of H i gas around the Galactic Center
Authors: Sofue Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report the discovery of an expanding cylinder of H i gas of radius 1 kpc and vertical extent 800 pc by analyzing the 21 cm line survey data from the literature. The cylinder is expanding at 150 km s−1, rotating at 100 km s−1, and is interpreted as due to a high-velocity conical wind from the Galactic Center. The total mass of the cylinder is estimated to be ∼8.5 × 105M⊙ and kinetic energy ∼3 × 1053 erg.
A cohort study examining the association between children’s symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity, internalizing symptoms, and mindful parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: O’Reilly Hannah , Rogers Maria , Ogg Julia , Ritchie Tessa , Whitley Jessica , Santuzzi Alecia , Shelleby Elizabeth C 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Increased mental health difficulties have been reported in Canadian children as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and emerging research suggests that children with high levels of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity have been disproportionately impacted. Accordingly, the pandemic has impacted families as well. The purpose of this study was the following: (1) to examine whether children’s symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity at the beginning of the 2020 and 2021 academic year were associated with mindful parenting at the end of the academic year and (2) to examine whether children’s depressive and anxiety symptoms at the end of the year moderated this relationship.

Methods
Parents of 114 young children in a large Canadian city participated in this study in the Winter of 2020 and the Spring of 2021. Parents completed several self-report scales used to measure children’s mental health symptomatology and mindfulness in parenting.

Results
Children’s symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were significantly, negatively associated with mindful parenting across the pandemic year, and children’s depressive symptoms moderated this relationship. Specifically, when children’s depressive symptoms were low or average it was found that higher symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were associated with lower levels of mindful parenting. However, when children’s depressive symptoms were high their symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were not predictive of mindful parenting.

Conclusions
Children’s mental health, namely symptoms of inattention/hyperactivity and depression, are related to challenges in mindful parenting during COVID-19. These results may inform practitioners about which families require additional support during the pandemic.
Parenting principles primer
Authors: Dosman Cara , Gallagher Sheila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A good understanding of parenting principles helps clinicians to advise parents how to optimally support their child’s brain development. Parenting principles include co-regulation, attachment, and the five universal parenting strategies that produce self-regulation and attachment. This primer provides updated knowledge translation from evidence-based literature, by integrating interpersonal neurobiology with parenting intervention research. Secure attachment to the parent decreases a child’s stress responses and increases their emotion regulation skills. The child needs support from their parent when stress exceeds their self-regulation skills. Emotion regulation is foundational for all aspects of cognitive and interpersonal functioning. Parent empathy and problem-solving are required to support development of the child’s self-regulation and problem-solving, which in turn foster communication of empathy toward others and development of other skills. The warmth and structure of the five universal parenting strategies provide a straightforward conceptualization of authoritative parenting, which builds secure attachment and self-regulation described by interpersonal neurobiology. Parenting principles are simple to remember when integrating the five universal parenting strategies (attention and empathy, predictable daily routines, consistent sequence within the routines, household rules, and coaching skills) with the four S’s of attachment (Seen + Soothed + Safe for Secure attachment).
A novel immunogenomic signature to predict prognosis and reveal immune infiltration characteristics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Ang , Ye Bicheng , Lin Fangnan , Wang Yilin , Miao Xiaye , Jiang Yanfang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
The immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and recurrence. We aimed to develop an immune-related gene (IRG) signature to improve prognostic predictive power and reveal the immune infiltration characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PDAC was used to construct a prognostic model as a training cohort. The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were set as validation datasets. Prognostic genes were screened by using univariate Cox regression. Then, a novel optimal prognostic model was developed by using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Cell type identification by estimating the relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) and estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumors using expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms were used to characterize tumor immune infiltrating patterns. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was used to predict immunotherapy responsiveness.

Results
A prognostic signature based on five IRGs (MET, ERAP2, IL20RB, EREG, and SHC2) was constructed in TCGA-PDAC and comprehensively validated in ICGC and GEO cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that this signature had an independent prognostic value. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve at 1, 3, and 5 years of survival were 0.724, 0.702, and 0.776, respectively. We further demonstrated that our signature has better prognostic performance than recently published ones and is superior to traditional clinical factors such as grade and tumor node metastasis classification (TNM) stage in predicting survival. Moreover, we found higher abundance of CD8+ T cells and lower M2-like macrophages in the low-risk group of TCGA-PDAC, and predicted a higher proportion of immunotherapeutic responders in the low-risk group.

Conclusions
We constructed an optimal prognostic model which had independent prognostic value and was comprehensively validated in external PDAC databases. Additionally, this five-genes signature could predict immune infiltration characteristics. Moreover, the signature helped stratify PDAC patients who might be more responsive to immunotherapy.
Global Portfolio Rebalancing and Exchange Rates
Authors: Camanho Nelson , Hau Harald , Rey Hélène 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We examine international equity allocations at the fund level and show how excess foreign returns influence portfolio rebalancing, capital flows, and currencies. Our equilibrium model of incomplete foreign exchange (FX) risk trading where exchange rate risk partially segments international equity markets is consistent with the observed dynamics of equity returns, exchange rates, and fund-level capital flows. We document that rebalancing is more intense under higher FX volatility and find heterogeneous rebalancing behavior across different fund characteristics. A granular instrumental variable approach identifies a positive currency supply elasticity.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
OA10 Survival analysis of 496 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with up to 40 years follow-up shows improved survival in patients diagnosed in more recent time-periods
Authors: Luo Weike , Farinha Filipa , Isenberg David A , Rahman Anisur 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background/Aims
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased mortality compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of SLE and an important cause of death. Our objective was to carry out a retrospective survival analysis to investigate factors that could influence risk of mortality and LN in a large multi-ethnic cohort of patients with SLE.

Methods
By careful review of medical records, we identified 496 patients with SLE for whom we had complete information regarding period of observation and occurrence of death and nephritis. Patients were stratified into groups according to sex, ethnicity (Caucasian, African/Caribbean, South Asian, East Asian, Other), age at start of follow-up (above and below median) and time-period of diagnosis (1978-89, 1990-99, 2000-5, 2006-11). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate differences between the groups in survival and LN.

Results
Overall, there were 454 women and 42 men. 91 patients died and 165 developed LN. Mean follow-up was 15.8 ± 8.75 years with a maximum of 40 years. Median age at start of follow-up was 28.0 ± 12.13 years.
Results are shown in Table 1
There were no differences between men and women in mortality or LN.
Caucasian patients were significantly less likely to develop LN (P &lt; 0.0001) than other groups but there was no mortality difference between ethnic groups.
Patients diagnosed below age 28 were more likely to develop LN (P &lt; 0.0001) but less likely to die (P = 0.0039) than those diagnosed above age 28.
Patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2011 were significantly less likely to die than those diagnosed between 1978 and1989 by Cox proportional hazards analysis of survival curves. (P = 0.019)

Conclusion
In this long-term survival analysis of 496 patients, non-Caucasian patients and those diagnosed below the age of 28 years were more likely to develop LN. The latter group were less likely to die than those diagnosed at older ages. Survival curves for groups of patients diagnosed in successive time periods suggested improved survival over time.

Disclosure
W. Luo: None. F. Farinha: None. D.A. Isenberg: None. A. Rahman: None.
OA28 Exploring the potential of polygenic risk scores for predicting coronary artery disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Soomro Mehreen , Stadler Michael , Viatte Sebastien , MacGregor Alexander , Verstappen Suzanne , Barton Anne , Bowes John 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background/Aims
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) than the general population which contributes to early mortality. Current screening tools for CAD, which are developed in the general population, are less effective for estimating CAD risk in patients with RA. This reduced performance is mainly due to the differing contribution from traditional risk factors and the contribution from disease-specific factors. Our understanding of the genetic basis of CAD has improved over recent years and shows promise for improving risk prediction in the form of polygenic risk scores (PRS). We hypothesise that PRS can help us improve CAD risk prediction in patients with RA by providing more accurate models of risk.

Methods
Patients were recruited from the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR), a detailed community-based longitudinal observational study focused on the cause and outcome of inflammatory polyarthritis, between 1990 and 2017. Analysis was restricted to patients who satisfied the 2010 ACR criteria cumulatively over five years and had detailed clinical history at baseline and follow-up. We developed a prediction model based on traditional risk factors and explored the inclusion of a PRS (49K SNPs) in a subset of patients with available genetic data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive risk equations for evaluation of 10-year risk of CAD. We applied multiple imputations with chained equations using the Random Forest algorithm to replace missing values. Measures of calibration and discrimination were determined in the validation cohort of 423 individuals.

Results
A total of 2123 patients were included in the analysis with 136 incident cases of self-reported CAD. The model using only traditional risk factors achieved an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI 0.71, 0.73), with a calibration slope of 1.03, and explained approximately 50% (95% CI 47, 52%) of the variance of the outcome. We found that being male reduces the risk by a factor of 0.82 (95% CI 0.68, 1.00). The hazard ratio for age was found to be 1.00 (95% CI 0.99, 1.01) indicating risk remains the same across all age groups. Inclusion of a CAD PRS increased the performance with an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.75, 0.77), explained variance of 53% (95% CI 49, 56%) but with a slightly worse calibration slope of 0.91.

Conclusion
An integrated risk score, that combines traditional risk factors with a PRS, improves CAD prediction in patients with RA. Further research is required to better understand the role of heritable components contributing to CAD risk in RA patients. By refining the underlying PRS, we hope to further improve CAD risk prediction in RA patients, through this integrated approach.

Disclosure
M. Soomro: None. M. Stadler: None. S. Viatte: None. A. MacGregor: None. S. Verstappen: None. A. Barton: None. J. Bowes: None.
OA33 The top 10 research priorities in psoriatic arthritis: a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership
Authors: Hailey Louise , Kinsella Suzannah , Bundy Chris , Burstow Helen , Chandler David , Cowper Russ , Helliwell Philip , Joannes Lucille , Kelly Andy , Kennedy Bronagh , McAteer Helen , Mukherjee Sandeep , Packham Jon , Wise Elspeth , Young Helen , Coates Laura 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background/Aims
This process aimed to identify and prioritise the top 10 research questions or evidence uncertainties for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in adults. The British Psoriatic Arthritis Consortium (BritPACT) formed a Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) comprising people with PsA, carers and healthcare professionals, in association with the James Lind Alliance (JLA) to identify the key questions and priorities.

Methods
The JLA methodology involved a three-stage process: 1. A steering group composed of stakeholders conducted an initial online survey of people with PsA, families, carers and healthcare professionals to identify PsA questions. Participants were asked, “What do you think are the most important unanswered questions in psoriatic arthritis research?”. Duplicate questions and those which were out of scope were removed. Questions were checked against existing evidence to establish “true uncertainties”, which were then grouped as “indicative questions” reflecting the overarching themes of the original submissions (diagnosis, effects of disease and treatment, flares, psychological, financial and social factors, gender-associated issues, Covid-19 and treatment) to facilitate prioritisation in stage two. 2. In a second online survey, people with PsA, carers and healthcare professionals ranked the “true uncertainties” by importance. 3. During the final workshop, including people with PsA and clinicians, participants worked together to rank the questions to generate a top 10 list of research priorities.

Results
The initial survey recruited 317 respondents, submitting a total of 988 questions. The individual submissions generated 46 indicative questions. 69% of the respondents were people with PsA, and 15% were friends, relatives, or carers of someone affected by PsA. In the second survey, 422 respondents, of whom 82% were people with PsA, their carers, relatives or friends, prioritised these uncertainties; 18 of these questions were shortlisted and taken forward to the final online workshop. In the last stage, people with PsA, carers, and healthcare professionals met and reached a consensus on the final top 10 research priorities (Table 1).

Conclusion
The top 10 priorities identified will guide PsA research, ensuring that PsA researchers and those who fund research know the most urgent needs of people living with PsA, their families and carers, and those treating people with PsA.

Disclosure
L. Hailey: None. S. Kinsella: None. C. Bundy: None. H. Burstow: None. D. Chandler: None. R. Cowper: None. P. Helliwell: None. L. Joannes: None. A. Kelly: None. B. Kennedy: None. H. McAteer: None. S. Mukherjee: None. J. Packham: None. E. Wise: None. H. Young: None. L. Coates: None.
P032 Are telephone consultations as effective as face-to-face consultations in the follow-up of patients in the Rheumatology Clinic? A service evaluation
Authors: Paul Anupam , Walker Charles , McHugh Claire 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background/Aims
The COVID-19 pandemic forced rheumatology clinics to utilise telephone consultations as a means to limit footfall at hospitals and to protect our vulnerable patients. This was a new mode of service delivery for most rheumatology departments as previously all appointments used to be face-to-face. Although remote consultations were previously being considered as a mode of service delivery, the COVID-19 pandemic has expedited the uptake remote consultations within a very short span of time. There are no systematic studies to compare the effectiveness of remote consultations versus face-to-face consultations although remote consultations are now being widely adopted. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of telephone consultations compared to face-to-face consultations in the routine review of rheumatology patients.

Methods
101 face-to-face consultations and 98 telephone consultations were randomly selected from the months of June and August in 2019 and 2020 respectively. The clinic letters were then accessed and the clinic outcomes were noted. The parameters chosen to aid comparison included start of new medication, medication dose changes, referral for investigations, referral to another specialty, referral to MDT, referral for a steroid injection, timescale of subsequent follow up and discharge from services.

Results
The main results broadly showed similarities in case-mix and several outcomes, including time scale of follow up and intra-articular and intramuscular steroid injections. Fewer patients were started on a new medication following a telephone consultation (14.9% vs 10.2%), more patients had their current medication dose changed (14.9% vs 17.3%) and slightly more patients were referred for investigations (25.7% vs 30.6%). Furthermore, telephone consultations resulted in a lower rate of referrals to MDT (13.9% vs 5.1%) and marginally fewer discharges.

Conclusion
The evaluation showed there were clear similarities between the two groups which showed telephone consultations were comparable to face-to-face consultations. Out of the 98 telephone consultations, only 10 were converted to a face-to-face appointment which was lower than many had predicted. However, the drop in referral rates to other specialties may represent that consultants do not feel confident to refer to another team without a comprehensive face-to-face assessment. Telephone consultations, with the back up of face-to-face slots made available for appropriate patients, appear to be an effective means of service delivery and is likely to continue in a scaled down form.

Disclosure
A. Paul: Other; Sponsorship for educational meetings from UCB, AbbVie, Pfizer, Novartis and Celgene. C. Walker: None. C. McHugh: None.
P033 The intriguing association between fibromyalgia, hypermobility and neurodivergence: a pilot study
Authors: Yearoo Tasnime B , Kelly Clive 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background/Aims
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common disorder with an estimated UK prevalence of 4%. An association with hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) has been recognised for several years and is increasingly recognised as a common precedent to chronic pain and FM. It has been recently suggested that these patients may have a higher rate of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or other neurodivergent conditions than the general population. This is supported by the observation that neurodivergence is strongly associated with chronic pain and disability.

Methods
We sought to assess the prevalence of ASD/ADHD among all first- and second-degree relatives of index patients who had presented to secondary care with the combination of FM, HSD and either ASD or ADHD. Eight consecutive index cases with this combination agreed to research their relatives and prepare a detailed family tree listing all family members, identified only by age and gender. They were asked to record the presence of all confirmed diagnoses of FM, HSD and ASD/ADHD among their first- and second-degree relatives. We then calculated the prevalence of each of these conditions among the close blood relatives of our index cases and compared this to the prevalence derived from a control group of index cases with osteoarthritis.

Results
Our eight index cases (seven female) had a mean age of 38 years. They identified 80 relatives, among whom 31 (39%) had a diagnosis of ASD/ADHD, compared to a prevalence of 2.8% in the relatives of our control group (p &lt; 0.01). The prevalence of HSD among the relatives was 30% (vs 8% in controls) and the prevalence of FM was 18% (vs 3% in controls). There was significant overlap, with the prevalence of HSD and FM among relatives with ASD/ADHD being recorded as 50% and 30% respectively. 62% of the relatives were female.

Conclusion
Neurodivergent conditions are present from birth and therefore predate the onset of both HSD and FM. This pilot study confirmed that patients with the combination of FM and HSD have a much higher prevalence of neurodivergence than the general population, and that their close relatives also exhibit this association. Females are disproportionately over-represented in contrast to the distribution of neurodivergent conditions in the community, where males predominate. We noted that females with FM and HSD were more likely to have ASD, while males tended to carry a diagnosis of ADHD. One recent study suggested gene clustering among people with neurodivergence and those with FM / HSD. However, the reasons for, and mechanism of, this association remain to be defined. Much more work is needed to assess the evolution of pain among people with neurodivergent conditions if we are to learn how to intervene effectively.

Disclosure
T.B. Yearoo: None. C. Kelly: None.