bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of belatacept and tacrolimus on cytomegalovirus viral load control and relapse in moderate and high‐risk cytomegalovirus serostatus kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Magua Wairimu , Johnson Aileen C. , Karadkhele Geeta M. , Badell Idelberto R. , Vasanth Payaswini , Mehta Aneesh K. , Easley Kirk A. , Newell Kenneth A. , Rickert Joseph B. , Larsen Christian P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBelatacept improves long‐term graft survival, but control of some primary viral infections may be impaired. We evaluated the impact of belatacept and tacrolimus on cytomegalovirus (CMV) viral control, remission and relapse in CMV high‐risk and moderate‐risk recipients.MethodsUsing a multistate Markov model, we evaluated viral load state transitions of 173 kidney transplant recipients with at least one episode of viremia within 1 year after transplant: state 1, undetectable/low viral load; state 2, moderate viremia; and state 3, severe viremia.ResultsAmong high‐risk recipients, belatacept‐treated recipients exhibited a significantly higher probability of entering moderate viremia (.36; 95% CI = .31, .41) than tacrolimus‐treated recipients (.20; 95% CI = .13, .29). The expected number of days in viremic states differed. High‐risk belatacept‐treated recipients persisted in moderate viremia for significantly longer (128 days, 95% CI = 110, 146) than did tacrolimus‐treated recipients (70.0 days, 95% CI = 45.2, 100) and showed a trend of shorter duration in low/undetectable viral load state (172 days, 95% CI = 148, 195) than did tacrolimus‐treated recipients (239 days, 95% CI = 195, 277). Moderate‐risk recipients showed better viral load control and with no differences by immunosuppression.ConclusionHigh‐risk belatacept‐treated recipients showed defects in sustaining viral control relative to tacrolimus‐treated recipients. Avoidance of initial use belatacept in high‐risk recipients or development of modified management protocols should be considered.
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Localization and circulation: vesicle trafficking in regulating plant nutrient homeostasis
Authors: Gao Yi‐Qun , Chao Dai‐Yin 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYNutrient homeostasis is essential for plant growth and reproduction. Plants, therefore, have evolved tightly regulated mechanisms for the uptake, translocation, distribution, and storage of mineral nutrients. Considering that inorganic nutrient transport relies on membrane‐based transporters and channels, vesicle trafficking, one of the fundamental cell biological processes, has become a hotspot of plant nutrition studies. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the study of how vesicle trafficking regulates nutrient homeostasis to contribute to the adaptation of plants to heterogeneous environments. We also discuss new perspectives on future studies, which may inspire researchers to investigate new approaches to improve the human diet and health by changing the nutrient quality of crops.
Current trends in ESP research in the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Basturkmen Helen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractESP is the field of second or foreign English language teaching that seeks to prepare learners to use English in a particular domain, such as a workplace or profession, or in study or academic settings. The present review identifies topical themes in current ESP research in the Asia Pacific region using evidence from articles reporting empirical research that were published in the flagship journal in this field, English for Specific Purposes, between 2018–2020. Studies from the region were identified based on the information that the authors had provided about their institutional affiliations. For the purposes of the present review, a subset of around half the studies was collated. This subset included articles from institutions in Australia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.
Predictive Thermal Modeling and Characterization of Ultrasonic Consolidation Process for Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Kirby Madeline , Naderi Armaghan , Palardy Genevieve 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Ultrasonic consolidation (USC) of thermoplastic composites is a highly attractive and promising method to manufacture high-performance composites. This work focuses on USC of dry carbon fiber (CF) fabrics with high-temperature polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) films. Experimental trials to assess feasibility of the process are time-consuming. Consequently, a predictive thermal model would facilitate process parameters selection to reduce expensive trial-and-error approaches. This paper presents a 2D finite element model of samples under consolidation, incorporating equations for viscoelastic heating, matrix phase change, and material properties. Theoretical temperature profiles for nodes of interest were compared to the corresponding experimental temperature curves for various control parameters (i.e., weld time and vertical displacement of sonotrode) and showed good agreement during heating phase. It was found that welding time values below 1750 ms were insufficient to reach melting temperature, whereas weld times above 3000 ms led to the lowest average void content (2.43 ± 0.81%). More specifically, the time the material spent above melting temperature, i.e., residence time, was established as a parameter that could estimate cases resulting in better consolidation and lower void content (time above 2600 ms for void content below 2.5%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization revealed that the USC process led to mostly amorphous PPS, due to the high cooling rates (70 °C/s to 108 °C/s). Overall, the thermal model and micro-structural outcomes confirmed the feasibility of the USC process for layered composites made from dry fabric and high-temperature thermoplastic films.
A Streamline-Guided Dehomogenization Approach for Structural Design
Authors: Wang Junpeng , Westermann Rüdiger , Wu Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We present a novel dehomogenization approach for the efficient design of high-resolution load-bearing structures. The proposed approach builds upon a streamline-based parametrization of the design domain, using a set of space-filling and evenly spaced streamlines in the two mutually orthogonal direction fields that are obtained from homogenization-based topology optimization. Streamlines in these fields are converted into a graph, which is then used to construct a quad-dominant mesh whose edges follow the direction fields. In addition, the edge width is adjusted according to the density and anisotropy of the optimized orthotropic cells. In a number of numerical examples, we demonstrate the mechanical performance and regular appearance of the resulting structural designs and compare them with those from classic and contemporary approaches.
Rotordynamic Design and Experimental Validation of a sCO2 Centrifugal Compressor Equipped With a Pocket Damper Seal
Authors: Vannini Giuseppe , Dozzini Matteo , Cangioli Filippo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is the fluid medium for those novel thermodynamic cycles aiming to produce electric power at a reduced environmental impact. CO2 at supercritical conditions is still in the gas phase but very close to the liquid-gas transition, it is a dense fluid allowing to design more compact size turbomachinery delivering same power. The centrifugal compressor which shall be employed into this thermodynamic cycle is supposed managing sCO2 at suction (79.8bar, 33°C). The Authors’ Company has been working in a EU project called sCO2Flex (H2020 founded program, grant agreement #764690) with the aim to design and test a 5MW prototype which has been finally tested at full density and full load in a dedicated test loop at the Authors’ premises.
Main subject of this paper is the prototype rotordynamic design with a special focus on the balance piston seal design. Since the compressor is operating at very high density (600kg/m3 at suction and 800kg/m3 at delivery) the stability aspect is the main concern and seal design is very critical. During the design phase a trade-off between alternative damper seals was performed and a Pocket Damper Seal (PDS) was selected. PDS showed more stability with respect to honeycomb seal, together with a lower stiffness level. PDS predictions are considered reliable enough since they are based on a proprietary numerical code which has been calibrated on high pressure experimental data, nevertheless, the very high-density level of the current application requires an experimental validation. PDS was also selected due to the good performance shown in managing liquid phase (as experienced previously by authors) which might be present in the balance piston seal during transient operation close to the supercritical conditions.
From rotordynamic viewpoint the test was conducted through steps: at the beginning a mechanical running test with nitrogen at 10bara was performed to assess the vibration behaviour of rotor running on journal bearings. After that the CO2 test started, the pressure level was increased by steps and the main compressor operating parameters were continuously monitored. The vibration behaviour during machine startup/shutdown showed a very damped response with no indications of any critical speed. When compressor was running at steady speed the vibration spectrum showed only the synchronous component and relevant minor harmonics. The whole compressor operating curve was explored, from choke to near surge conditions, and no major subsynchronous vibrations was detected. At the same time high frequency vibration data were recorded and postprocessed through OMA approach: no mode was identified due to the very high damping level.
The test campaign finally confirmed all the positive design indications for the PDS technology application in sCO2 service.
A Probabilistic Framework for Minimum Low Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction
Authors: Enright Michael P. , Moody Jonathan P. , Zaman Yasin , Sobotka James C. , McClung R. Craig 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The traditional approach to low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life prediction involves statistical characterization of total LCF life based on extensive testing of smooth fatigue specimens under multiple stress and temperature conditions. Total LCF life is modeled as a single random variable with a unimodal probability density function (PDF) from which a minimum (e.g., B0.1) life is derived. Recent studies have shown that LCF lives for some materials consist of a short-life group that initiates cracks near the first cycle of loading and a long-life group that forms cracks later in life. The combined lives of these two groups can be modeled as a bimodal distribution. Minimum LCF lives associated with the bimodal PDF are typically longer than those associated with the traditional unimodal PDF. Minimum LCF lives of the bimodal distribution are dominated by the short-life group, and the lifetimes of this group can be estimated using probabilistic damage tolerance (PDT) concepts. In this paper, a probabilistic framework is presented for prediction of minimum LCF lives of the short-life group. It extends a previously developed minimum LCF life model for smooth fatigue specimens for application to full components. It is based on a probabilistic damage tolerance methodology that was previously developed for rare material anomalies in aircraft gas turbine engine materials. The framework is demonstrated via two illustrative examples including a representative gas turbine engine component. The results promote improved understanding of the PDT approach and its application to LCF life prediction.
Influence of a Turbulence Control Screen on the Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Behavior of a UHBR Fan
Authors: Schneider Alexandra P. , Paoletti Benoit , Ottavy Xavier , Brandstetter Christoph 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A composite fan stage representative of a modern Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) architecture has been investigated experimentally on a novel test facility at Ecole Centrale de Lyon.
For these experiments, a turbulence control screen (TCS), a hemisphere, consisting of honeycomb and wiremesh panels, was installed in front of the rig in order to ensure homogeneous, disturbance-free inflow conditions. This kind of screen was developed in the early 1970 years to investigate flight-noise on static test beds. Today, they are commonly used in aero-engine and fan tests, because they improve the accuracy of acoustic measurements and provide more reproducible performance tests.
However, the influence of such screens has been investigated only from an acoustic point of view in the past. This study presents a back-to-back comparison of measurements with and without the TCS, which allows a characterization of the effects on aerodynamic and aeroelastic behavior of the fan stage. The investigation was carried out for multiple stable operating points on two different speed lines to obtain a global image of the influence at part and design speed. The utilization of steady and unsteady instrumentation in different axial and circumferential duct positions allows a detailed analysis of similarities and differences of the configuration without and with the TCS and provides insight into underlying physical mechanisms.
Phasing Structural and Aerodynamic Mistuning For Leveraging Aeroelastic Performance
Authors: Phan Hien , He Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although modern turbomachinery design relies on the tuned blades assumption, mistuning (blade-to-blade variations within each blade row) is known to affect significantly the aeroelastic performance. The structural (frequency) mistuning has been studied extensively in the past, while the aerodynamic mistuning starts to attract more attention recently. The question of the present interest is: if/how may the structural and the aerodynamic mistuning interact? The present work uses the fully-coupled fluid-structure simulation method to analyse and elucidate the physical vibration mechanisms of the concurrent structural-aerodynamic mistuned cascade. Three variation patterns, namely alternating, sinusoidal, and random, are used to ensure the generality of the observations. Both the self-excited (flutter) and the forced response vibrations of the mistuned cascade are investigated. The results show that the aerodynamic mistuning has considerable effects on the blade aeroelasticity. More remarkably, it is revealed for the first time that the intentional phasing between the structural and the aerodynamic mistuning may result in significantly different aeroelastic performances. This distinctive behaviour is consistently observed for all studied mistuning patterns of both the flutter and the forced response vibrations. Consequently, the structural-aerodynamic mistuning phasing may be potentially exploited as an extra design variable to leverage the blade aeroelastic performance. In addition, whilst the interaction between the structural and the aerodynamic mistuning exhibits some nonlinearities, a further comparative study also demonstrates that a simple linear superposition can still provide qualitatively consistent results in capturing the trend of mistuned vibratory amplitudes at all possible phase angles. Thus, a simple postprocessing by superimposing two separate aerodynamic and structural mistuned solutions can be very effectively utilized as a starting point for determining the optimum phasing.
Design and Characterization of the OSU Rotor 67 Blisk for Future Damping and Mistuning Studies at Design Speed
Authors: Keener Chris , D’Souza Kiran 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To facilitate experimentation in the field of gas turbine disk dynamics, a new integrally bladed disk, or blisk, was designed and manufactured for use at The Ohio State University (OSU) Gas Turbine Laboratory. The blisk was designed using methods following the Federal Aviation Administration Code of Federal Regulations for safety analysis. Both the airfoils and the hub of the OSU blisk are realistic to accurately represent hardware in jet engines, while being publicly available for analysis to provide a design and data sets that can be published without the need to normalize and protect proprietary information.
After the blisk was manufactured, it was inspected and dynamically tested using a roving modal hammer. The natural frequencies and mistuning of each airfoil were calculated, and the finite element model was updated with this information. Knowledge of the natural frequencies and mistuning are important for the design of ring dampers that will be used to dampen vibration of the blisk during rotating testing.
Non-Linear Damper-Blade Coupling Calculations Reduced to Essentials
Authors: Gastaldi Chiara , Gola Muzio M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper further refines the recently presented method called Platform Centered Reduction (PCR) and introduces a new element that increases its efficiency. To improve the numerical efficiency of the complex iterative and nonlinear calculations required for the dynamic response of nonlinearly damped turbine blades, the PCR method relies on the primary assumption of representing the platform as a rigid body. A secondary, but convenient, assumption is to represent the neck as a series of beams, while the airfoil model is obtained by reducing the FE model. A perfect match between the FE model and the PCR model requires some attention, detailed in the paper, in particular to the interfaces of the platform with the neck and the airfoil. Moreover, the value of the displacements due to neck bending at the contact points on the platform is evaluated in relation to those due to torsion, considering the real modal shapes of the blade. The first significant modes for the operation of the under-platform damper are studied. Finally, it is evaluated how many of the 6 DOFs of the rigid body platform model can be neglected in the analysis without loss of accuracy within the limits of the design engineering requirements. Once these aspects have been ascertained so as to guarantee the fidelity of the PCR model to reality, the concept of “base-cycle” is introduced for the diagram representing the moment on the platform due to friction against its angle of rotation, both calculated around an axis parallel to the main axis of neck bending. It is shown that this diagram completely characterizes the damper-platform assembly, so much so that for rotation values greater than that of the “base-cycle” the values of the real and imaginary (HBM) components of the damper-platform bending stiffness are obtained a priori and in an elementary manner, without having to repeat calculations of the contact cycle at each variation of amplitude. The extent of the advantage of such an approach for numerical calculations is shown, as well as the convenience of having a model more closely focused on the essential aspects of the engineering problem. Furthermore, in the light of the improvements introduced, its implications on the “designer’s diagram” showing the maximum bending stress on the airfoil against the excitation force at resonance are reviewed. Finally, the concept of the “GG design diagram”, a simplified construction of the “designer’s diagram”, is also reviewed and its effectiveness for the designer in determining the best damper-blade coupling for vibration damping is assessed.
Humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy associated with a gigantic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Elantably Dina , Al Armashi Abdul Rahman , Hammad Faris , Alkrekshi Akram 
Published: November 2022

Humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy is rarely associated with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and only a few cases have been reported in the medical literature. We present an interesting case of a gigantic cutaneous SCC associated with severe hypercalcaemia.A man in his mid 80s presented with a rapidly enlarging fungating mass of his scalp for 5 months. Laboratory studies logged severe hypercalcaemia, low intact parathyroid hormone, elevated parathyroid hormone related-peptide and normal 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D. Skin biopsy revealed moderately differentiated invasive SCC. Further workup was negative for distant skeletal metastases. Severe hypercalcaemia was managed by intravenous fluids, bisphosphonates and calcitonin. A multidisciplinary approach was then made; the patient received radiotherapy and then underwent a successful surgical resection. By presenting this case, we aim to raise physicians’ awareness of the association between cutaneous SCC and hypercalcaemia. Severe hypercalcaemia should be detected early and promptly managed as it could be fatal.
Influence of maternal body mass index on human milk composition and associations to infant metabolism and gut colonisation: MAINHEALTH – a study protocol for an observational birth cohort
Authors: Overgaard Poulsen Katrine , Astono Julie , Jakobsen Rasmus Riemer , Uldbjerg Niels , Fuglsang Jens , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Sundekilde Ulrik Kræmer 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionHuman milk provides all macronutrients for growth, bioactive compounds, micro-organisms and immunological components, which potentially interacts with and primes infant growth and, development, immune responses and the gut microbiota of the new-born. Infants with an overweight mother are more likely to become overweight later in life and overweight has been related to the gut microbiome. Therefore, it is important to investigate the mother-milk-infant triad as a biological system and if the maternal weight status influences the human milk composition, infant metabolism and gut microbiome.Methods and analysisThis study aims to include 200 mother–infant dyads stratified into one of three body mass index (BMI) categories based on mother’s prepregnancy BMI. Multiomics analyses include metabolomics, proteomics, glycomics and microbiomics methods, aiming to characterise human milk from the mothers and further relate the composition to infant gut microbiota and its metabolic impact in the infant. Infant gut microbiota is analysed using 16S sequencing of faeces samples. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry are used for the remaining omics analysis. We investigate whether maternal pre-pregnancy BMI results in a distinct human milk composition that potentially affects the initial priming of the infant’s gut environment and metabolism early in life.Ethics and disseminationThe Central Denmark Region Committees on Health Research Ethics has approved the protocol (J-nr. 1-10-72-296-18). All participants have before inclusion signed informed consent and deputy informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki II. Results will be disseminated to health professionals including paediatricians, research community, nutritional policymakers, industry and finally the public. The scientific community will be informed via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific conferences, the industry will be invited for meetings, and the public will be informed via reports in science magazines and the general press. Data cleared for personal data, will be deposited at public data repositories.Trial registration numberDanish regional committee of the Central Jutland Region, journal number: 1-10-72-296-18, version 6.Danish Data Protection Agency, journal number: 2016-051-000001, 1304.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier:NCT05111990.