bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autocatalytic reaction cycles for non-enzymatic synthesis of life-sustaining sugars in neutral media
Authors: Tabata Hiro , Chikatani Genta , Nishijima Hiroaki , Harada Takashi , Miyake Rika , Kato Souichiro , Igarashi Kensuke , Mukouyama Yoshiharu , Shirai Soichi , Waki Minoru , Hase Yoko , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Biological assimilation of CO2 to produce sugars occurs in metabolic cycles with an autocatalytic nature, such as the Calvin cycle and reverse citric acid cycle. The formose reaction, in which sugars are non-enzymatically synthesized from formaldehyde under basic conditions, involves such an autocatalytic cycle and has attracted much interest from the viewpoint of the abiotic chemical synthesis of sugars. However, many side reactions are indiscriminately accelerated by hydroxide ions, which results in a very low selectivity of sugar formation. Here we report non-enzymatic sugar synthesis under neutral conditions using mono-oxometalate as a catalyst to form an autocatalytic cycle. The construction of an autocatalytic reaction system under neutral conditions significantly improved the selectivity of sugar formation. It was also demonstrated that abiotically synthesized sugars could sustain the growth of microbial cells.
Resource Efficiency and Economic Efficiency of Fish Farms in the Southeast of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aboua Christian Angui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fish farming is considered a complement to fish production in Côte d’Ivoire. Better use of resources in the production process would ensure sustainable fish production. This study analyzes the resource efficiency and economic efficiency of 32 fish farms in the southeast of Côte d’Ivoire using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and cost-benefit analysis. The results revealed that fish farmers showed low performance, with average technical efficiency scores of 0.738 (CRS) and 0.575 (SBM) and an average economic score of 0.553. Fish farmers using industrial feed are the most technically and economically efficient. Through DEA model scenarios, the study shows that fish farmers generated excesses in resource utilization, causing a shortfall in output. Scenario-3 based on the slack-based model minimizing resources simultaneously with a maximization of output indicated that a reduction of excesses in resources would have increased the output by 16.18%. Finally, the cost benefit analysis shows that, overall, fish farms achieved a positive gross and net profit margin. This study suggests that policy actors should play an important role in facilitating fish farmers’ access to feed and quality fingerlings. In addition, fish farmers must be trained on good practices for sustainable production and pond management.
A new species of Phoreiobothrium Linton, 1889 (Cestoda: Onchoproteocephalidea) from the spinner shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna (Valenciennes) off the coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Spuy Linda Van Der , Smit Nico J. , Naidoo Kristina , Schaeffner Bjoern C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The extreme sparsity of collection efforts in many parts of the word, including southern Africa, leaves a vast hidden diversity of marine cestode species, such as species of Phoreiobothrium. The investigation of a common South African coastal-pelagic species, the spinner shark Carcharhinus brevipinna (Valenciennes) resulted in the discovery of a new species of Phoreiobothrium Linton, 1889. Phoreiobothrium martini n. sp. is undoubtedly different from all other congeners in several morphological characteristics, however, it is most easily distinguished from other species by the size of its hooks. Furthermore, this species is peculiar in the sense of its microthrix pattern. It only possesses filitriches on its proximal bothridial surface. Additionally, P. martini n. sp. also displays a scarcity of gladiate spinitriches on its cephalic peduncle. This has not been recorded in any other congener within this genus and could resemble a new, generic characteristic. The addition of P. martini n. sp. increases the total number of valid species of Phoreiobothrium to 18 worldwide. Furthermore, P. martini n. sp. marks the description of representatives of only the second onchoproteocephalidean genus from southern Africa, therefore expanding the generic biogeographical representation and introducing new host associations. Apart from the description of this new species of cestode, the discovery of P. martini n. sp. as well as additional species of Phoreiobothrium is beneficial regarding future ecological investigations. With the high degree of host-specificity found amongst species of Phoreiobothrium, species such as P. martini n. sp. could be used as sentinel species for the accurate identification, separation and diagnosis of commonly misidentified shark species, such as C. brevipinna and C. limbatus (Valenciennes).
LOTUS suppresses amyloid β-induced dendritic spine elimination through the blockade of amyloid β binding to PirB
Authors: Kawaguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Junpei , Kawakami Yutaka , Nishida Ryohei , Kurihara Yuji , Takei Kohtaro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide but has no effective treatment. Amyloid beta (Aβ) protein, a primary risk factor for AD, accumulates and aggregates in the brain of patients with AD. Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) has been identified as a receptor of Aβ and Aβ–PirB molecular interactions that cause synapse elimination and synaptic dysfunction. PirB deletion has been shown to suppress Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits in AD model mice, implying that PirB mediates Aβ-induced AD pathology. Therefore, inhibiting the Aβ–PirB molecular interaction could be a successful approach for combating AD pathology. We previously showed that lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) is an endogenous antagonist of type1 Nogo receptor and PirB and that LOTUS overexpression promotes neuronal regeneration following damage to the central nervous system, including spinal cord injury and ischemic stroke. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether LOTUS inhibits Aβ–PirB interaction and Aβ-induced dendritic spine elimination.Methods:The inhibitory role of LOTUS against Aβ-PirB (or leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2：LilrB2) binding was assessed using a ligand-receptor binding assay in Cos7 cells overexpressing PirB and/or LOTUS. We assessed whether LOTUS inhibits Aβ-induced intracellular alterations and synaptotoxicity using immunoblots and spine imaging in a primary cultured hippocampal neuron.Results:We found that LOTUS inhibits the binding of Aβ to PirB overexpressed in Cos7 cells. In addition, we found that Aβ-induced dephosphorylation of cofilin and Aβ-induced decrease in post-synaptic density-95 expression were suppressed in cultured hippocampal neurons from LOTUS-overexpressing transgenic (LOTUS-tg) mice compared with that in wild-type mice. Moreover, primary cultured hippocampal neurons from LOTUS-tg mice improved the Aβ-induced decrease in dendritic spine density. Finally, we studied whether human LOTUS protein inhibits Aβ binding to LilrB2, a human homolog of PirB, and found that human LOTUS inhibited the binding of Aβ to LilrB2 in a similar manner.Conclusions:This study implied that LOTUS improved Aβ-induced synapse elimination by suppressing Aβ-PirB interaction in rodents and inhibited Aβ–LilrB2 interaction in humans. Our findings revealed that LOTUS may be a promising therapeutic agent in counteracting Aβ-induced AD pathologies.
Parametric decay induced first-order phase transition in a two-dimensional dusty plasma crystal
Authors: Maity Srimanta , Arora Garima 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The melting process of a two-dimensional (2D) dusty plasma crystal induced by an external perturbation has been explored using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. A 2D monolayer of particles interacting via Yukawa pair potential is formed in the presence of an external confinement potential. The confinement potential is a combined effect of the gravitational force and an externally applied electric force, which mimics the sheath electric field in dusty plasma experiments. The response of the 2D crystalline layer to an external perturbation is investigated. It is shown that transverse surface waves are generated below a particular threshold value of initial perturbation, but the crystalline order remains. However, above a threshold value of initial disturbance, the crystalline order structure of the 2D layer breaks, and it melts. The melting process is shown to be a first-order phase transition. We have demonstrated that the nonlinear amplitude modulation of initial disturbance through the parametric decay instability is responsible for the melting. Our proposed mechanism of first-order phase transition in the context of 2D dusty plasma crystal is distinctly different from the existing theoretical models. This research can provide a deeper understanding of the experimental observations in the context of plasma crystal.
Video Quality Enhancement Using an Optimized Dehazing Algorithm
Authors: Ayoub Abeer , Naeem Ensherah A. , El-Shafai Walid , Soltan E. , Zahran O. ,   F. E. Abd El-Samie1,   S. EL-Rabaie1
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Video in open environments faces several problems such as the hazing problem. Hazing is produced due to light scattering from particles in the atmosphere around the scene to be imaged. In this paper, an optimized dehazing algorithm is modified by applying pre-processing on frames before dehazing process to remove noise and limited dynamic range because all frames contain some noise and limited dynamic range due to sensor measurement errors that can be amplified in the haze removal process if ignored. Different types of enhancement techniques are applied to remove noise and limited dynamic range before the dehazing process. Two video sequences are used: a Near Infrared (NIR) and a visible sequence. The hazing effect can be performed according to the hazing mathematical model. The effect of attenuation parameter α and attenuation weight ω on dehazed frames are investigated. The proposed algorithm proves good results in the enhancement of two types of video as shown in the spectral entropy of dehazed frames.
Ultrasonic energy attenuation characteristics in plastic deformation of 2219-O aluminum alloy
Authors: Li Shuangli , Zhao Yixi , Cui Junhui , Yu Zhongqi , Kou Linyuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the ultrasonic-assisted metal forming process, the dislocations within the material are easier to move due to the absorption of ultrasonic energy, which can effectively promote material flow and improve the formability of components, this phenomenon is called the ultrasonic softening effect. The ultrasonic softening effect is generally treated as homogeneous at the whole materials for simplicity, while the attenuation of the ultrasonic energy along the propagation direction will bring inhomogeneous distribution of softening degree. In addition, the absorption of the ultrasonic energy by material is also affected by the dislocation movements in the metal plastic processing procedure, resulting in the variation of the ultrasonic attenuation characteristics in the material with the plastic deformation, the current research has little concerned it. In this paper, the ultrasonic attenuation properties in 2219-O aluminum alloy with plastic strain were investigated. The influence of the dislocations and the dislocation movements caused by plastic deformation on the ultrasonic attenuation was characterized. The pre-strain specimen was designed to indicate the degree of plastic deformation of the material, and the specimen thickness direction was defined as the propagation direction of the ultrasonic energy. The experimental results and the microstructure observation showed that the absorption of ultrasonic energy by the material increases firstly and then decreases with the plastic strain increasing, which is related to the evolution of movable dislocations within the material. In order to accurately describe the ultrasonic energy attenuation characteristics in plastic deformation, the hardening equation of 2219-O aluminum alloy considering ultrasonic propagation distance and plastic strain was built and the model accuracy was verified based on the experimental data.
The value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the diagnosis of primary testicular non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in adults
Authors: Xue Nianyu , Zhang Shengmin , Wang Guoyao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Different pathological types of testicular tumors are treated differently. For example, malignant germ cell tumors require radical orchiectomy, benign tumors only require mass enucleation and segmental infarction does not require treatment. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) can more sensitively display tumor microvessels, thereby distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 35 patients with primary testicular non-neoplastic and neoplastic confirmed by pathology in our hospital from February 2017 to February 2022. Conventional ultrasonography and CEUS of primary testicular non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic lesions of different pathological types in adults were retrospectively analyzed and their diagnostic values were compared with the pathological results. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rates for conventional ultrasound in the diagnosis of benign testicular tumors based on "onion skin-like" echo (epidermoid cysts) and peripheral annular blood flow were 30.8%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 71.9% and 75.0%, respectively. According to CEUS without enhancement (non-neoplastic lesions and epidermoid cysts) and uniform high enhancement with fast forward and slow backward (SLCT), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rates for diagnosing benign testicular tumors were 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Compared with conventional ultrasound, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.004).Conclusions: CEUS could accurately distinguish between benign and malignant testicular tumors and also diagnosed specific pathological types (such as testicular focal infarction, epidermoid cysts, spermatocytic tumors, SLTC and lymphoma). Different pathological types of testicular tumors had different treatment options; thus, accurate preoperative diagnosis was of great significance and could guide the selection of appropriate treatment options.
CHRNA5 links chandelier cells to protection against amyloid pathology in human aging and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Rybnicek Jonas , Chen Yuxiao , Millic Milos , McLaurin JoAnne , De Jager Philip , Schneider Julie , Wang Yanling , Bennett David , Tripathy Shreejoy , Felsky Daniel , Lambe Evelyn 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Changes in high-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are intricately connected to neuropathology in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Protective and cognitive-enhancing roles for the nicotinic α5 subunit have been identified, but this gene has not been closely examined in the context of human aging and dementia. Therefore, we investigate the nicotinic α5 gene CHRNA5 and the impact of relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in prefrontal cortex from 922 individuals with matched genotypic and post-mortem RNA sequencing in the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROS/MAP). We find that a genotype robustly linked to expression of CHRNA5 (rs1979905A2) predicts significantly reduced β-amyloid load in prefrontal cortex. Yet, co-expression analysis shows a clear dissociation between expression of CHRNA5 and other cholinergic genes, suggesting a distinct cellular expression profile for the human nicotinic α5 subunit. Consistent with this prediction, single nucleus RNA sequencing from 22 individuals reveals disproportionately-elevated CHRNA5 expression in chandelier cells. These interneurons are enriched in amyloid-binding proteins and also play a vital role in excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance. Cell-type proportion analysis demonstrates that chandelier cells have increased amyloid vulnerability in individuals homozygous for the missense CHRNA5 SNP (rs16969968A2) that impairs function/trafficking of nicotinic α5-containing receptors. These findings suggest that CHRNA5 and its nicotinic α5 subunit exert a neuroprotective role in aging and Alzheimer's disease potentially centered on chandelier interneurons.
Factors associated with the periodicity of Loa loa microfilaremia in the Republic of the Congo
Authors: Campillo Jérémy T. , Louya Frédéric , Bikita Paul , Missamou François , Pion Sébastien D. S. , Boussinesq Michel , Chesnais Cédric B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Loa loa microfilariae circulate in the peripheral blood of human hosts following a diurnal periodicity, with maximal microfilaremia levels generally observed between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm. Few studies have assessed factors potentially associated with this periodicity. Methods: Microfilaremia data were collected repeatedly between 9:00 am and 8:00 pm from 13 individuals in the Republic of Congo. Using local polynomial regression (LOESS), we determined the best models representing the dynamics of microfilaremia over this time period. In a second step, using cosinor models we evaluated the influence of sex, age and body temperature on the periodicity of L. loa microfilaraemia in blood.Results: All subjects had their maximum microfilaremia reached between 10:00 am and 4:00 pm. Individual microfilaremia showed different patterns between individuals and some clearly showed multiple peaks within a day. LOESS provided good fit to the observed data. Without adjustment, the maximum microfilarial density was reached around 11:00 am. Adjustment revealed three distinct modes of microfilaremia, occurring around 10:00 am, 1:00 pm and 4:00 pm.Cosinor models also provided good fit to our data. After adjustment on body temperature, the L. loa microfilaremia fluctuation amplitude decreased significantly from 1684.8 to 310.6 mf/mL and the predicted peak was estimated at 12:02 pm. Conclusion: We characterized the periodicity of Loa loa microfilaremia mathematically with 2 different approaches: cosinor models and LOESS regression. Both models suggest that body temperature plays a role in the variation of microfilaremia within a day. Further studies are needed to identify individual cofactors affecting microfilaremia.
A distributed task assignment algorithm for multi-robots in plant factory
Authors: Wang Dong , Du Yongliang , Gu Dongbing , Lian Jie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on the task allocation problem relating to multi-handling robots in agricultural picking and transportation system. It focuses on how to effectively and equally allocate tasks to handling robots, while avoiding collisions. A distributed task allocation algorithm for multi-handling robots based on task similarity grouping is proposed. First, the central controller divides the tasks into similar groups. On the one hand, it divides the tasks into different areas and reduces the collision between the handling robots, and on the other hand, it ensures the balanced utilization of the handling robots. Then, the central controller transmits the task groups to the handling robots through wireless communication, and the task group bidding between the handling robots is carried out by using a novel auction algorithm to minimize the travel cost (TC) of the handling robots, minimize the total travel cost (TTC) of the handling robots, and maximize the balanced utilization (BU) of the handling robots.We propose three evaluation indexes: the TC of the handling robot, TTC of the handling robot, and BU rate of the handling robot. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the TC and improve the BU. Therefore, the newly proposed task allocation algorithm is important for the scheduling of multi-handling robots in agricultural picking and transportation systems.
Rainstorms impacts water, sediment and trace elements loads in an urbanized catchment within Moscow city: case study of summer 2020 and 2021
Authors: Chalov Sergey , Platonov Vladimir , Erina Oxana , Moreido Vsevolod , Samokhin Mikhail , Sokolov Dmitriy , Tereshina Maria , Yarinich Yulia , Kasimov Nikolay 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 2020 and 2021 the city of Moscow, Russia, has experienced two historical rainfall events that had caused major flooding of small rivers. Based on long-term observation datasets from the surrounding weather stations, regional mesoscale COSMO-CLM climate model results, and a detailed hydrological and water quality monitoring data collected in 2019–2021, we performed pioneer climate change and urbanization impact assessment on flooding hazard and water quality of case study urban Setun river. Statistically significant rise of moderate extremity indices and absence of significant trends for the most extreme indices was revealed for the 1966‑2020 period. The combined impact of climate change and increased urbanization is highly non-linear and results in as much as a four-fold increase in extreme floods and shift of water regime features which lead to formation of specific seasonal flow patterns. The rainstorm flood wave catchment response, involving infiltrated and hillslope-routed fraction of rainfall, is accounted as 6 to 11 hours, which it is more than twice as rapid as compared to the non-urbanized nearby catchments. Behaviour of four types of chemicals in the river water during rainstorms was identified, as well as main differences compared to the spring freshet period revealed. Based on the obtained results we conclude that lack of research focused on the combined impacts of climate change and urbanization on flooding and water quality in the Moscow urban area is a key problem in water management advances.
Interaction between Conformational Features and Hemodynamic Flows affecting Progression of Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Disorders
Authors: Jadaun Vishakha , Singh Nitin Raja 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hemodynamic flows are subjected to quasi-periodic velocity modulations. Currently, there is no methodology to predict the rate of progression of aortic aneurysm and dissection disorders. In this paper, the association between conformational features of the vessel wall and intra-luminal hemodynamic flows is explored to understand shear forces affecting the structural integrity of the vessel wall. The infinitesimal component of the vessel wall with cystic medial necrosis in tunica media is considered as nonlinear ballooning in the aorta with aortic aneurysm and dissection disorders. Assuming the hemodynamic system as a finite dissipative system, we frame the equation of the vessel wall of the aorta as well as lesion related to aortic aneurysm and dissection disorders. We introduce the main results for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation, using the Lie group of transformations method. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of traveling wave solutions and the shape, height, and width of the aneurysm to describe the impact of ballooning on hemodynamic flow in the aorta with aortic aneurysm and dissection disorders. We find that cumulative accretion of potential energy contributes to the creation of bright soliton in non-ballooned regions. The wave speed is minimum at the center of the ballooned region and maximum at the center of the non-ballooned region of the aorta. Interactions of topological defects and multi-breathers cause thrombus formation and/or turbulent flow. Interaction between breathers and standing waves is associated with thrombus formation.