bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dolittle factor: ‘Talking to the animals’ during veterinary consultations
Authors: McDermott Michael P. , Cobb Malcolm A. , Robbé Iain J. , Dean Rachel S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to identify and analyse the frequency and types of dialogue directed to animals by veterinary surgeons (i.e. pet‐directed speech) in 55 routine companion animal consultations in the United Kingdom and United States.MethodsInstances of pet‐directed speech were identified from video transcripts, coded, and analysed for content.ResultsAll consultations included pet‐directed speech, with 779 instances in total, 284 in the United Kingdom and 495 in the United States. There were 12 unique dialogue codes identified, the top three being ‘praise,’ ‘small talk,’ and ‘explanation’.ConclusionThis study identified a wide variety of communication directed to the animal, which, combined with further research, could help enhance understanding of rapport built between the veterinary surgeon, animal, and owner during a consultation.
Lower lid entropion in dogs: A modified technique of the combined Hotz–Celsus and wedge resection procedure
Authors: Carrozza Rossella , Lenihan Emer , Hamzianpour Negar , Linn‐Pearl Rose , Heinrich Christine , Walsh Karen , Grundon Rachael A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to describe a modification of the combined Hotz‐Celsus and wedge resection technique for the treatment of lower lid entropion in dogs and evaluate its success rate.MethodsTo reduce tissue trauma, facilitate tissue handling and shorten the surgical time, shortening of the eyelid was performed by excising a rectangular piece of the eyelid margin only, in the central section, extending to but not below the first Hotz‐Celsus incision. The eyelid margin surgical wound was then sutured before excision of the Hotz‐Celsus crescent which had been surgically scored at the start of surgery. Records of 31 dogs were reviewed for signalment, outcome, need for further surgery, and follow up from 6 to 48 months after surgery.ResultsSixty‐one eyes with lower lid entropion were treated. The most common breeds were English bulldog and English cocker spaniel and the median age was 16 months. The success rate for a single entropion correction surgery was 98.4%. One eyelid required a second surgical correction and four eyelids of three large breed dogs had wound breakdown.ConclusionsThis modified technique is successful at correcting lower eyelid entropion associated with overlong eyelid length in dogs while being technically easier to perform.
Associations between respiratory signs, thoracic CT findings and results of tracheobronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in dogs
Authors: Osathanon Rungrote , Lamb Christopher R. , Church David B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral diagnostic techniques are used in dogs with signs of respiratory disease. The aims of the present study are to estimate the relative sensitivities and associations between the results of diagnostic tests in dogs with respiratory conditions.MethodA retrospective cross‐sectional study of dogs referred for investigation of respiratory signs. Associations between clinical signs, thoracic CT findings, tracheobronchoscopic findings, cytology results and bacterial culture results were tested using binary logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐three dogs were included. Abnormalities were detected by cytology, tracheobronchoscopy, CT and bacterial culture in 91%, 88%, 80% and 25% cases, respectively. There were associations between cough and bronchial lesions on thoracic CT (odds ratio [OR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–6.4, p = 0.037), and between cough and neutrophilic inflammation on cytology (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.3–15.8, p = 0.020). Bronchial foreign body at bronchoscopy was associated with pulmonary consolidation on CT (OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.6–41.7, p = 0.013) and with positive bacterial culture (OR 10.9, 95% CI 2.1–57.0, p = 0.005). In dogs with normal thoracic CT, abnormalities were detected by cytology, tracheobronchoscopy and bacterial culture in 89%, 77% and 23% cases, respectively.ConclusionAirway cytology and tracheobronchoscopy provided useful information for diagnosis in many dogs with respiratory signs that had a normal thoracic CT.
Computed tomographic findings in two dogs with chronic unilateral parotid duct ectasia
Authors: Tirillini Francesca , Baines Stephen J. , Baines Elizabeth , Robinson William 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo dogs were evaluated because of a recurrent left‐sided facial swelling. In Case 1, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a tubular fluid‐filled mass associated with the left parotid salivary gland and extending to the oral region. On oral examination, no parotid duct papilla was identified, raising the suspicion of an obstruction at the level of the papilla itself, causing secondary ectasia of the duct. Marsupialisation of the duct was performed, but the swelling did not completely reduce. In Case 2, CT revealed a spherical fluid‐filled mass, intimately associated with the left parotid gland and extending cranially. On oral examination, an extension from the mass could be followed rostrally to the level of the oral mucosa, caudal to the maxillary fourth premolar, but the papilla was not visible. No surgery was performed. According to our review of literature, this report represents the first description of CT findings for parotid duct ectasia.
Introduction: Imagining Alternatives to Globalization of the Nation Form
Authors: Ahmad Irfan , Kang Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter makes a set of three interconnected arguments. The first argument, which critically binds the volume together, is that rather than seeing contemporary politics in terms of globalization eroding the nation state or its persistence regardless of globalization, what characterizes the world is the globalization of the nation form. Second, by showing nationalism’s relationship with violence it underlines the need to interrogate the efficacy and morality of the nation state as a form of polis. Third, in dialogue with Arjun Appadurai’s productive criticism of nationalism, it makes the contention that instead of being informed exclusively by the present and the diaspora (as in Appadurai’s writings), imaginings of a postnational world should equally account for the pre- and anti-national forms of thoughts prior to the World War II. To this end, it discusses Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1938), poet-philosopher of undivided India, and Hasan al-Banna (d. 1949), activist-reformer and founder of Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood. The second and third arguments thus outline arenas for future decolonial anthropological and other works on nationalism and culture more generally. With a description of the volume’s manifold theoretical and methodological distinctions, the chapter concludes with an outline of chapters ahead.
The Rivalry Between Secular and Religious Nationalisms: On the Split in Iranian National Identity
Authors: Alinejad Mahmoud 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNationalism remains a compelling ideological force and is the most important marker of collective identity in modern times. It inspires the idea of the nation by forging strong bonds of solidarity through the invocation of pre-existing ethnic, cultural or religious loyalties. Recurrent political conflicts in Iran have often been driven by nationalist ideologies. This chapter demonstrates the central role of the rivalry between secular and religious nationalisms in shaping Iran’s national identity. The interplay of these two nationalisms in the country has left national identity torn between modernity and tradition for more than a century. Rather than a clear break, however, what distinguishes the two nationalist persuasions are differences in the degree of religious or secular overtones respectively: secular nationalists have drawn on underlying religious support, while blatantly religious stances have had to adjust themselves to the demands of a modern secular state. Both of these nationalisms have tended to conceal the real diversity of political interests, but thus far they have failed to build an inclusive and secure national identity for Iran, leading to political instability and crisis.
Socialization of Language and Morality at Chinese Christian Church of Berlin
Authors: Yu Jingyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I focus on the role of Chinese Christian churches in language socialization and identity formation among Chinese migrant families in Berlin. Based on ethnographic data collected during extensive fieldwork lasting two years, I examine a variety of activities at the Chinese Christian Church of Berlin and analyse the strategies the church leadership pursues to attract more Chinese immigrant families. I argue that the Chinese Christian Church of Berlin has not only created new paths enhancing Chinese language capacity, it has also provided a space for moral socialization and utilized religious discourse and practice to shape a nationalist identity for Chinese immigrants in the diaspora.
Hindu Nationalism and North Indian Music in the Global Age
Authors: van der Linden Bob 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a unique global historical event, a fundamental transfer from a Muslim ‘minority’ community to a Hindu ‘majority’ community took place in the modern north Indian ‘Hindustani’ music scene in terms of the number of musicians, the type of patronage (from courts to middle classes and the modern public sphere), music practice and audiences. This process of ‘Hinduization’ was largely the result of the music reforms initiated by elitist Hindus, who aimed to make Indian music modern, national and scientific, as well as spiritual. Successively, their efforts led to the stigmatization and subsequent marginalization of Muslim musicians. By taking music as a lens, the chapter sheds light upon the relationship between ‘religion’, nation and state in the context of processes of modernization and the global circulation of ideas.
Nationalism and Chinese Protestant Christianity: From Anti-imperialism to Islamophobia
Authors: Kang Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractViewing the historical development of Chinese Christianity, this chapter argues that, far from being a static concept, nationalism has constantly been constructed and interpreted. Subject to different political and economic contexts, the patriotism of Chinese Christians has taken various forms. From the early twentieth century until the 1950s, their nationalism was primarily anti-imperialist. Following the Communist Party’s assumption of power in 1949, Chinese Protestants split into two groups based on theological differences and distinct understandings of patriotism. Since China’s ‘opening up’ in 1979, the country has experienced an unexpected Christian revival and a corresponding rise in nationalism. Since the 1990s, a new wave of nationalist sentiment has emerged, one that has fashioned Muslims as a new Other.
Digital Imaginaries and the Chinese Nation State
Authors: Lengen Samuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter develops the concept of digital imaginaries in order to examine collective visions of the Chinese nation state that are rooted in the promise of digital technologies and to highlight the crucial relationship between national imaginaries and everyday experiences of digital platforms in China. Drawing on thirteen months of fieldwork in Beijing, I explore the interplay between experiences of digital platforms, the narratives presented by technology companies and government discourses on digitization. To explore this interplay, the chapter focuses on the Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba as an important intermediary between Chinese citizens and the government. Alibaba’s self-proclaimed mission to digitally connect and provide opportunities to all Chinese echoes and gives purchase to the Chinese government’s claim that digital technologies can and have unified the socially, ethnically, economically and regionally fragmented space of the nation state. It also provides Chinese citizens with the experience of participating in Chinese modernity. Because of its double function, Alibaba plays a key role in connecting Chinese citizens’ experiences of digital participation to the digital imaginaries of a unified nation state.
Impact of fully coherent energy loss on heavy meson production in pA collisions
Authors: Arleo François , Jackson Greg , Peigné Stéphane 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hadron production in proton-nucleus (pA) collisions was previously shown to be suppressed by medium-induced fully coherent energy loss (FCEL). We show that the quenching of D and B mesons in pPb collisions at the LHC due solely to FCEL is, at least, on par with other nuclear effects such as gluon shadowing or saturation. This is consistent with previous findings for both quarkonium and light hadron production in pA collisions, emphasising that FCEL effects need to be included for a reliable understanding of hadron production measurements in pA collisions.
Initial value problem in string-inspired nonlocal field theory
Authors: Erbin Harold , Fırat Atakan Hilmi , Zwiebach Barton 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider a nonlocal scalar field theory inspired by the tachyon action in open string field theory. The Lorentz-covariant action is characterized by a parameterξ2that quantifies the amount of nonlocality. Restricting to purely time-dependent configurations, we show that a field redefinition perturbative inξ2reduces the action to a local two-derivative theory with aξ2-dependent potential. This picture is supported by evidence that the redefinition maps the wildly oscillating rolling tachyon solutions of the nonlocal theory to conventional rolling in the new scalar potential. For general field configurations we exhibit an obstruction to a local Lorentz-covariant formulation, but we can still achieve a formulation local in time, as well as a light-cone formulation. These constructions provide an initial value formulation and a Hamiltonian. Their causality is consistent with a lack of superluminal behavior in the nonlocal theory.
Wrapped M5-branes and complex saddle points
Authors: Genolini Pietro Benetti 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the effects of the introduction of a ϑ term in minimal gauged supergravity in four dimensions. We show why this term is not present in supergravity duals of field theories arising on wrapped M2-branes, but is there in the case of M5-branes wrapping hyperbolic manifolds Σ3, and compute the higher-derivative corrections. Having proved that the on-shell supergravity action of any supersymmetric solution can be expressed in terms of data from the fixed points of a Killing vector, we show that it is proportional to a complex topological invariant of Σ3. This is consistent with the characteristics of the dual three-dimensional 𝒩= 2 SCFT predicted by the 3d-3d correspondence, and we match the large N limit of its partition functions in the known cases.
An effective three-dimensional de Sitter cosmology in string theory
Authors: Landgren Filip 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Motivated by the lack of consensus on whether or not de Sitter (dS) lies in the Swampland, we use a recently developed braneworld construction and known Anti-de Sitter (AdS) vacua to compute an explicit effective dS cosmology in three dimensions. We consider a non-perturbative AdS4 vacuum decaying to another lower AdS4 vacuum via bubble-nucleation. We also consider the more speculative case where a dS4 decay to a Minkowski4. The Israel junction conditions are solved across the bubble and we obtain the Friedmann equations from which the cosmological constants can be read off, in the respective cases. The cosmological constants are computed in a flux background yielding small positive values admitting a dS cosmology. However, we find that an energetically viable model in the AdS to AdS case requires more fine-tuning.
QCD static force in gradient flow
Authors: Brambilla Nora , Chung Hee Sok , Vairo Antonio , Wang Xiang-Peng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe compute the QCD static force and potential using gradient flow at next-to-leading order in the strong coupling. The static force is the spatial derivative of the static potential: it encodes the QCD interaction at both short and long distances. While on the one side the static force has the advantage of being free of theO(ΛQCD) renormalon affecting the static potential when computed in perturbation theory, on the other side its direct lattice QCD computation suffers from poor convergence. The convergence can be improved by using gradient flow, where the gauge fields in the operator definition of a given quantity are replaced by flowed fields at flow timet, which effectively smear the gauge fields over a distance of order$$ \sqrt{t} $$t, while they reduce to the QCD fields in the limitt→ 0. Based on our next-to-leading order calculation, we explore the properties of the static force for arbitrary values oft, as well as in thet→ 0 limit, which may be useful for lattice QCD studies.
Smart soldiers: towards a more ethical warfare
Authors: Omotoyinbo Femi Richard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is a truism that, due to human weaknesses, human soldiers have yet to have sufficiently ethical warfare. It is arguable that the likelihood of human soldiers to breach the Principle of Non-Combatant Immunity, for example, is higher in contrast tosmart soldierswho are emotionally inept. Hence, this paper examines the possibility that the integration of ethics into smart soldiers will help address moral challenges in modern warfare. The approach is to develop and employ smart soldiers that are enhanced with ethical capabilities. Advocates of this approach think that it is more realistic to make competent entities (i.e., smart soldiers) become morally responsible than to enforce moral responsibility on human soldiers with inherent (moral) limitations. This view somewhat seeks a radical transition from the usual anthropocentric warfare to arobocentricwarfare with the belief that the transition has moral advantages. However, the paper defends the claim that despite human limitations, the capacity ofethically enhanced smart soldiersfor moral sensitivity is artificial and unauthentic. There are significant problems with the three models of programming ethics into smart soldiers. Also, there are further challenges from the absence of emotion as a moral gauge, and the problems of apportioning responsibility in case of mishap from the actions or omissions of smart soldiers. Among other reasons, the paper takes the replacement of human soldiers as an extreme approach towards an ethical warfare. This replacement predicates ethical complications that outweigh the benefits from the exclusive use of smart soldiers.
Conservative treatment of acute traumatic posterior shoulder dislocations (Type A) is a viable option especially in patients with centred joint, low gamma angle, and middle or old age
Authors: Festbaum Christian , Minkus Marvin , Akgün Doruk , Hupperich Andreas , Maier Dirk , Auffarth Alexander , Mitterer Marian , Hoffelner Thomas , Tauber Mark , Fritsch Lorenz , Moroder Philipp 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Purpose of this study was to evaluate the mid- to long-term outcome after conservatively treated first-time posterior shoulder dislocations and to determine structural defects associated with failure.

Methods
In this multi-centric retrospective study, 29 shoulders in 28 patients with first-time acute posterior shoulder dislocation (Type A1 or A2 according to the ABC classification) and available cross-sectional imaging were included. Outcome scores as well as radiological and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained at a mean follow-up of 8.3 ± 2.7 years (minimum: 5 years). The association of structural defects with redislocation, need for secondary surgery, and inferior clinical outcomes were analysed.

Results
Redislocation occurred in six (21%) shoulders and nine shoulders (31%) underwent secondary surgery due to persistent symptoms. The posttraumatic posterior glenohumeral subluxation was higher in the redislocation group compared to the no redislocation group; however, statistical significance was not reached (61.9 ± 12.5% vs. 50.6 ± 6.4%). Furthermore, a higher adapted gamma angle was observed in the failed conservative treatment group versus the conservative treatment group, similarly without statistically significant difference (97.8° ± 7.2°, vs. 93.3° ± 9.7°). The adapted gamma angle was higher than 90° in all patients of failed conservative therapy and the redislocation group. An older age at the time of dislocation showed a significant correlation with better clinical outcomes (SSV: r = 0.543, p = 0.02; ROWE: r = 0.418, p = 0.035 and WOSI: r = 0.478, p = 0.045). Posterior glenohumeral subluxation after trauma correlated with a worse WOSI (r = − 0.59, p = 0.02) and follow-up posterior glenohumeral decentring (r = 0.68, p = 0.007). The gamma angle (r = 0.396, p = 0.039) and depth of the reverse Hill–Sachs lesion (r = 0.437, p = 0.023) correlated significantly with the grade of osteoarthritis at follow-up.

Conclusion
Conservative treatment is a viable option in patients with an acute traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with good outcome after mid- and long-term follow-up especially in patients with centred joint, low gamma angle, and middle or old age.

Level of evidence
IV.
Autotrophic lactate production from H2 + CO2 using recombinant and fluorescent FAST-tagged Acetobacterium woodii strains
Authors: Mook Alexander , Beck Matthias H. , Baker Jonathan P. , Minton Nigel P. , Dürre Peter , Bengelsdorf Frank R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLactate has various uses as industrial platform chemical, poly-lactic acid precursor or feedstock for anaerobic co-cultivations. The aim of this study was to construct and characterise Acetobacterium woodii strains capable of autotrophic lactate production. Therefore, the lctBCD genes, encoding the native Lct dehydrogenase complex, responsible for lactate consumption, were knocked out. Subsequently, a gene encoding a d-lactate dehydrogenase (LDHD) originating from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was expressed in A. woodii, either under the control of the anhydrotetracycline-inducible promoter Ptet or under the lactose-inducible promoter PbgaL. Moreover, LDHD was N-terminally fused to the oxygen-independent fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag (FAST) and expressed in respective A. woodii strains. Cells that produced the LDHD fusion protein were capable of lactate production of up to 18.8 mM in autotrophic batch experiments using H2 + CO2 as energy and carbon source. Furthermore, cells showed a clear and bright fluorescence during exponential growth, as well as in the stationary phase after induction, mediated by the N-terminal FAST. Flow cytometry at the single-cell level revealed phenotypic heterogeneities for cells expressing the FAST-tagged LDHD fusion protein. This study shows that FAST provides a new reporter tool to quickly analyze gene expression over the course of growth experiments of A. woodii. Consequently, fluorescence-based reporters allow for faster and more targeted optimization of production strains.Key points

•Autotrophic lactate production was achieved with A. woodii.

•FAST functions as fluorescent marker protein in A. woodii.

•Fluorescence measurements on single-cell level revealed population heterogeneity.