bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Production and Efficacy of Cordyceps javanica With Cordyceps fumosorosea
Authors: Behle Robert W , Wu Shaohui , Toews Michael D , Duffield Kristin R , Shapiro-Ilan David I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A newly discovered entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica (Friedrichs & Bally) Samson & Hywel-Jones (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain Wf GA17 was compared with the commercial Cordyceps fumosorosea Wize (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Apopka 97 strain for liquid-culture production, formulation, insecticidal efficacy, and storage stability under laboratory conditions. We compared culture media with carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios of 10:1, 30:1, and 50:1 for these two isolates. A third strain, C. fumosorosea strain ARSEF 3581, had previously been optimized for liquid-culture production of blastospores at 10:1 C:N served as an added control. These seven cultures were processed by spray drying with skim milk powder, stored at 25oC to evaluate storage stability, and assayed for insecticidal activity against Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) neonates. Final blastospore concentrations were not significantly different among cultures, ranging from 4.47 to 9.88 × 108 spores/ml. Fungal biomass decreased and final glucose concentrations increased with increasing C:N ratios, indicating better fungal growth with higher nitrogen concentrations. Product yields from the spray dryer (grams per liter culture) increased with increased C:N ratios while spore concentrations decreased, ranging from 2.27 to 7.17 × 109 spores/g. There were no significant differences for insecticidal efficacy among the seven treatments. Spores produced in 10:1 C:N ratio media retained viability longer than spores produced in other media. Cost of ingredients decreased with increasing C:N ratios, such that the 30:1 media may yield the most economical product. The raw material cost needed for application was 1.4× greater for Wf GA17 compared with Apopka 97, a difference that could be erased by optimization of culture conditions.
Drought may be beneficial to the competitive advantage of Amaranthus spinosus
Authors: Yu Youli , Cheng Huiyuan , Wang Shu , Wei Mei , Wang Congyan , Du Daolin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Drought can affect the growth and soil enzyme activities of invasive alien plants (IAPs). It is imperative to evaluate the competitive advantage of IAPs compared with that of the native species and the activities of soil enzymes under drought. This study aimed to evaluate the competitive advantage of the IAP Amaranthus spinosus that originated from tropical America compared with the native Chinese species A. tricolor and the activities of soil enzymes under drought. A competitive co-culture of A. spinosus and A. tricolor was established using a planting basin experiment. The two species were treated with different levels of drought, i.e. (i) the control; (ii) a light level of drought and (iii) a heavy level of drought. The functional traits, osmotic adjustment and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of the two species, as well as soil pH and electrical conductivity, contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and the activities of soil enzymes were determined. The relative competition intensity and relative dominance of A. spinosus were greater than those of A. tricolor under drought. Drought may provide an advantage to the competitive advantage of A. spinosus. Soil water-soluble salt content and sucrose hydrolytic power of A. spinosus were greater than those of A. tricolor under drought. The ability of A. spinosus to grow in soil with higher levels of water-soluble salt contents and sucrose hydrolytic power under drought may aid in its acquisition and utilization of nutrients.
An Innovative Technique for Intraoperative Radiological Assessment of Pelvic and Spine Fractures in Austere Environment
Authors: Crego Vita Diana M , García Cañas Rafael , Rodríguez Moro Carlos , Prieto Vázquez María , Areta Jiménez Fco. Javier 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionManaging pelvic and spine fractures in the austere environment can be challenging even for skilled orthopedic surgeons, largely due to the difficulty of radiological visualization of bone structures. We present a simple alternative to the metallic operating table by placing the patient on a spinal board that will allow for a better radiological assessment of these fractures.Material and methodsA cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study was carried out in the period between 2015 and 2020. The study population was all patients with pelvic o spine fractures, managed surgically using a spinal board in the Spanish Role 2 or in the Spanish Role 4.ResultsSeven patients underwent surgery in total using a spinal board, pelvic fracture being the the main diagnosis (n = 6; 85.71%). The distribution of surgical procedures was as follows: percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (one case), external fixation of the pelvis (two cases), percutaneous screw fixation of the pelvis (two cases), and open reduction and internal fixation of the pelvis (two cases). The mean duration of surgical interventions was 52 minutes, and a successful reduction and synthesis of the fracture was obtained in all the patients, with no complications reported.ConclusionA spinal board can be a useful, simple, and effective device for the orthopedic surgeon in the deployed setting. The described technique is simple, fast, and efficient in getting a complete radiological assessment of complex regions such as the pelvis and the spine, facilitating the surgical management of these injuries
Mobilizing the U.S. Military’s TRICARE Program for Value-Based Care: A Report From the Defense Health Board
Authors: Schaettle Paul R , Kaplan Robert S , Lee Vivian S , Parkinson Michael D , Gorman Gregory H , Browne Michael-Anne 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The U.S. Military Health System spends about $50 billion annually to provide care to 9.6 million active duty service members, retirees, and their families through its TRICARE health plans. TRICARE follows the predominant payment model in the USA—fee-for-service—although the Department of Defense (DoD) and Congress encourage and mandate a move toward alternative payment models—mainly, fee-for-value. For the next TRICARE contracts which will begin in 2023, the DoD asked its health-focused federal advisory committee, the Defense Health Board (DHB), to recommend how best to assess and prioritize leading value-based healthcare initiatives identified from private, public, and employer-based health plans. The November 2020 report, ‘Modernization of the TRICARE Benefit’, specifies a rubric to evaluate these value-based care initiatives not only in traditional measures of effectiveness but also in terms of the Defense Health Agency’s Quadruple Aim with its focus on readiness. The goal of TRICARE’s move toward value-based care is to leverage its size and focus on prevention of disease and injury to maintain the readiness of the U.S. Armed Forces in addition to delivering great outcomes and value to the DoD’s nearly 10 million beneficiaries. The DHB emphasizes that TRICARE’s size and focus on providing quality care at lower cost will incentivize providers to participate in the shift toward value-based care despite the potential challenges in transitioning to this system. This shift also aims to motivate other large government and private payors to accelerate the adoption of value-based care through TRICARE’s example.
Piston Reconstruction Experiment (P-REx) – II. Off-line performance evaluation with VLTI/GRAVITY
Authors: Perera Saavidra , Pott Jörg-Uwe , Woillez Julien , Kulas Martin , Brandner Wolfgang , Lacour Sylvestre , Widmann Felix 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
For sensitive optical interferometry, it is crucial to control the evolution of the optical path difference (OPD) of the wavefront between the individual telescopes of the array. The OPD between a pair of telescopes is induced by differential optical properties such as atmospheric refraction, telescope alignment, etc. This has classically been measured using a fringe tracker that provides corrections to a piston actuator to account for this difference. An auxiliary method, known as the Piston Reconstruction Experiment (P-REx), has been developed to measure the OPD, or differential ‘piston’ of the wavefront, induced by the atmosphere at each telescope. Previously, this method was outlined and results obtained from Large Binocular Telescope adaptive optics data for a single telescope aperture were presented. P-REx has now been applied off-line to previously acquired Very Large Telescope Intereferometer (VLTI)’s GRAVITY Coudé Infrared Adaptive Optics wavefront sensing data to estimate the atmospheric OPD for the six baselines. Comparisons with the OPD obtained from the VLTI GRAVITY fringe tracker were made. The results indicate that the telescope and instrumental noise of the combined VLTI and GRAVITY systems dominates over the atmospheric turbulence contributions. However, good agreement between simulated and on-sky P-REx data indicates that if the telescope and instrumental noise was reduced to atmospheric piston noise levels, P-REx has the potential to reduce the OPD root mean square of piston turbulence by up to a factor of 10 for frequencies down to 1 Hz. In such conditions, P-REx will assist in pushing the sensitivity limits of optical fringe tracking with long baseline interferometers.
High-redshift quasars and their host galaxies – II. Multiphase gas and stellar kinematics
Authors: Lupi Alessandro , Volonteri Marta , Decarli Roberto , Bovino Stefano , Silk Joseph 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Observations of z ≳ 6 quasars provide information on the early phases of the most massive black holes (MBHs) and galaxies. Current observations at sub-mm wavelengths trace cold and warm gases, and future observations will extend information to other gas phases and the stellar properties. The goal of this study is to examine the gas life cycle in a z ≳ 6 quasar: from accretion from the halo to the galaxy and all the way into the MBH, to how star formation and the MBH itself affect the gas properties. Using a very high resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation of a z = 7 quasar, including state-of-the-art non-equilibrium chemistry, MBH formation, growth, and feedback, we investigate the distribution of the different gas phases in the interstellar medium across cosmic time. We assess the morphological evolution of the quasar host using different tracers (star- or gas-based) and the thermodynamic distribution of the MBH accretion-driven outflows, finding that obscuration in the disc is mainly due to molecular gas, with the atomic component contributing at larger scales and/or above/below the disc plane. Moreover, our results also show that molecular outflows, if present, are more likely the result of gas being lifted near the MBH than production within the wind because of thermal instabilities. Finally, we also discuss how different gas phases can be employed to dynamically constrain the MBH mass, and argue that resolutions below ∼100 pc yield unreliable estimates because of the strong contribution of the nuclear stellar component to the potential at larger scales.
Secular evolution of resonant small bodies: semi-analytical approach for arbitrary eccentricities in the coplanar case
Authors: Pons Juan , Gallardo Tabaré 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the secular evolution of a particle in deep mean motion resonance (MMR) with a planet in the planar elliptic restricted three body problem. We do not consider any restriction neither in the planet’s eccentricity ep nor in the particle’s eccentricity e. The methodology used is based on a semi-analytical model that consists on calculating the averaged resonant disturbing function numerically, assuming for this that in the resonant scale of time all the orbital elements of the particle are constant. In order to obtain the secular evolution inside the MMR, we make use of the adiabatic invariance principle, assuming a zero-amplitude resonant libration. We construct two-dimensional surfaces (called $\mathcal {H}$ surfaces) in the three-dimensional space (σ, e, ϖ) that allow us to predict the secular evolution of these three variables. The 2:1 MMR is used as example to show some results. We found four apsidal corotation resonance (ACR) families, two symmetric and two asymmetric. One of the symmetric families exists for almost any ep value. The other one for ep &gt; 0.3 and the asymmetric ones for ep &gt; 0.44. We corroborate the secular variations in e and ϖ predicted by the model through numerical integrations even when the initial conditions are displaced from those ACR. Some peculiar examples are presented for the 3:1 and 3:2 MMR showing large excursions in eccentricity. As an application, the Planet 9 is investigated as a possible responsible of high eccentric distant TNOs.
The complex globular cluster system of the S0 galaxy NGC 4382 in the outskirts of the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Escudero Carlos G , Cortesi Arianna , Faifer Favio R , Sesto Leandro A , Smith Castelli Analía V , Johnston Evelyn J , Reynaldi Victoria , Chies-Santos Ana L , Salinas Ricardo , Menéndez-Delmestre Karín , Gonçalves Thiago S , Grossi Marco , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
NGC 4382 is a merger-remnant galaxy that has been classified as morphological type E2, S0, and even Sa. In this work, we performed a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the globular cluster (GC) system of this peculiar galaxy in order to provide additional information about its history. We used a combination of photometric data in different filters, and multiobject and long-slit spectroscopic data obtained using the Gemini/GMOS instrument. The photometric analysis of the GC system, using the Gaussian Mixture Model algorithm in the colour plane, reveals a complex colour distribution within Rgal &lt; 5 arcmin (26.1 kpc), showing four different groups: the typical blue and red subpopulations, a group with intermediate colours, and the fourth group towards even redder colours. From the spectroscopic analysis of 47 GCs, confirmed members of NGC 4382 based on radial velocities, we verified 3 of the 4 photometric groups from the analysis of their stellar populations using the ULySS code. NGC 4382 presents the classic blue (10.4 ± 2.8 Gyr, [Fe/H] = −1.48 ± 0.18 dex), and red (12.1 ± 2.3 Gyr, [Fe/H] = −0.64 ± 0.26 dex) GCs formed earlier in the lifetime of the galaxy, and a third group of young GCs (2.2 ± 0.9 Gyr; [Fe/H] = −0.05 ± 0.28 dex). Finally, analysis of long-slit data of the galaxy reveals a luminosity-weighted mean age for the stellar population of ∼2.7 Gyr, and an increasing metallicity from [Fe/H] = −0.1 to +0.2 dex in Rgal &lt; 10 arcsec (0.87 kpc). These values, and other morphological signatures in the galaxy, are in good agreement with the younger group of GCs, indicating a common origin as a result of a recent merger.
Self-consistent grain depletions and abundances I: the Orion Nebula as a test case
Authors: Gunasekera Chamani M , Ji Xihan , Chatzikos Marios , Yan Renbin , Ferland Gary 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Atomic species in the interstellar medium transition out of their gas phase mainly by depletion on to dust. In this study, we examine if there is any change to the spectral-line ratio predictions from a photoionization model of the Orion H ii region when the degree of dust depletions is altered according to the most recently published model. We use equations and parameters published by previous works, in order to streamline the calculation of depleted abundances within cloudy. Our aim is for cloudy users to be able to vary the level of depletion using a single parameter in the input file. This makes it possible to explore predictions for a large range of depletions more efficiently. Finally, we discuss the results obtained for a model of the Orion Nebula when the degree of depletions are manipulated in this way. We found that the intensity of line ratios are significantly affected by depletions on to dust grains. Further, we found that adjusting dust abundances along with depletion affects the structure and the overall temperature of the H+ layer across the H ii region.
The DIVING3D survey – Deep Integral Field Spectrograph View of Nuclei of Galaxies – I. Definition and sample presentation
Authors: Steiner J E , Menezes R B , Ricci T V , da Silva Patrícia , Cid Fernandes R , Vale Asari N , Carvalho M S , May D , Coelho Paula R T , de Amorim A L 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the Deep Integral Field Spectrograph View of Nuclei of Galaxies (DIVING3D) survey, a seeing-limited optical 3D spectroscopy study of the central regions of all 170 galaxies in the Southern hemisphere with B &lt; 12.0 and |b| &gt; 15○. Most of the observations were taken with the Integral Field Unit of the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph, at the Gemini South telescope, but some are also being taken with the Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR) Integral Field Spectrograph. The DIVING3D survey was designed for the study of nuclear emission-line properties, circumnuclear (within scales of hundreds of pc) emission-line properties, stellar and gas kinematics, and stellar archaeology. The data have a combination of high spatial and spectral resolution not matched by previous surveys and will result in significant contributions for studies related to, for example, the statistics of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, the ionization mechanisms in low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions, and the nature of transition objects, among other topics.
AggMapNet: enhanced and explainable low-sample omics deep learning with feature-aggregated multi-channel networks
Authors: Shen Wan Xiang , Liu Yu , Chen Yan , Zeng Xian , Tan Ying , Jiang Yu Yang , Chen Yu Zong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Omics-based biomedical learning frequently relies on data of high-dimensions (up to thousands) and low-sample sizes (dozens to hundreds), which challenges efficient deep learning (DL) algorithms, particularly for low-sample omics investigations. Here, an unsupervised novel feature aggregation tool AggMap was developed to Aggregate and Map omics features into multi-channel 2D spatial-correlated image-like feature maps (Fmaps) based on their intrinsic correlations. AggMap exhibits strong feature reconstruction capabilities on a randomized benchmark dataset, outperforming existing methods. With AggMap multi-channel Fmaps as inputs, newly-developed multi-channel DL AggMapNet models outperformed the state-of-the-art machine learning models on 18 low-sample omics benchmark tasks. AggMapNet exhibited better robustness in learning noisy data and disease classification. The AggMapNet explainable module Simply-explainer identified key metabolites and proteins for COVID-19 detections and severity predictions. The unsupervised AggMap algorithm of good feature restructuring abilities combined with supervised explainable AggMapNet architecture establish a pipeline for enhanced learning and interpretability of low-sample omics data.
Spatial Clustering of Hookah Lounges, Vape Shops, and All Tobacco Retailers Near Colleges
Authors: Sun Dennis L , Schleicher Nina C , Recinos Amanda , Henriksen Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionUS college students smoke hookah and vape nicotine at higher rates than other young adults. Density and/or proximity of hookah lounges and vape shops near colleges has been described, but this study is the first to test whether tobacco retailers spatially cluster near college campuses.Aims and MethodsWe created and linked spatial shapefiles for community colleges and 4-year colleges in California with lists of hookah lounges, vape shops, and licensed tobacco retailers. We simulated 100 datasets, placing hookah lounges, vape shops, and tobacco retailers randomly in census tracts in proportion to population density. A modified version of Ripley’s K-function was computed using the radius (r) from each retailer within retail category.ResultsIn 2018-2019, 50.5% of hookah lounges (n = 479), 42.5% of vape shops (n = 2467), and 42.0% of all tobacco retailers (n = 31 100) were located within 3 miles of a community college. Spatial clustering was significant (p &lt; .05) from at least 0.4 miles for hookah lounges, 0.1 mile for vape shops, and 0.3 miles for all tobacco retailers. For 4-year colleges, approximately 46.8% of hookah lounges, 31.3% of vape shops, and 31.6% of all tobacco retailers were located within 3 miles. Clustering was significant from 0.2 miles for hookah lounges and 1.3 miles for all tobacco retailers but was not significant for vape shops.ConclusionsEvidence that some types of tobacco retailers cluster near community colleges and 4-year colleges implies greater accessibility and exposure to advertising for students. It is also concerning because a higher probability of underage tobacco sales presumably exists near colleges.ImplicationsPrior studies infer that hookah lounges and vape shops cluster near colleges from the density and closer proximity to campuses. This study modified a traditional test of spatial clustering and considered community colleges separately from 4-year universities. Spatial clustering of hookah lounges and all licensed tobacco retailers was evident near both types of campuses, but vape shops clustered only near community colleges. Place-based strategies to limit tobacco retail density could expand state and local laws that prohibit tobacco sales near schools to include retailers near college campuses. In addition, college environments should be a target for reducing hookah smoking and nicotine vaping.
Reduced diurnal activity and increased stopover duration by molting Swainson’s Thrushes
Authors: Morales Ana , Frei Barbara , Mitchell Greg W , Bégin-Marchand Camille , Elliott Kyle H 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMigration consists of a sequence of small- to large-scale flights often separated by stopovers for refueling. Tradeoffs between minimizing migration time (more flights, shorter stopovers) and maximizing energy gain (fewer flights, longer stopovers) will affect overall migration timing. For example, some individuals make long-term stopovers in high-quality habitat that maximize energy gain (e.g., molt-migration), but movement to those habitats likely costs time. We used radio telemetry and blood plasma metabolite levels to examine physiological and behavioral tradeoffs between molt-migrant (birds molting at the molt stopover; n = 59) and post-molt (birds that presumably completed their molt elsewhere; n = 19) migrant Swainson’s Thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) near Montreal, Canada. Molt-migration was a large time investment as the average stopover duration for molt-migrants was of 47 ± 9 days (~13% of the entire annual cycle), almost twice as long as previously assumed from banding records, and far longer than stopovers of post-molting individuals (7 ± 2 days). Daily mortality rate during the molt stopover was similar to the average annual daily mortality rate. Molt-migrants’ circadian rhythms closely matched light levels, whereas post-molting birds had irregular rhythms and averaged 1 hr greater activity per day than molt-migrants. Despite being less active, molt-migrants had similar refueling rates based on metabolite profiles. As compared with migrants that completed molt earlier, molt-migrants at this stopover site had slower subsequent migration rates. Thus, birds using long-term stopovers appeared to tradeoff energy (efficient refueling) for time (slower subsequent migration).