bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nebular abundance gradient in the Cartwheel galaxy using MUSE data
Authors: Zaragoza-Cardiel Javier , Gómez-González V Mauricio A , Mayya Divakara , Ramos-Larios Gerardo 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We here present the results from a detailed analysis of nebular abundances of commonly observed ions in the collisional ring galaxy Cartwheel using the Very Large Telescope (VLT) Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data set. The analysis includes 221 H ii regions in the star-forming ring, in addition to 40 relatively fainter H α-emitting regions in the spokes, disc, and the inner ring. The ionic abundances of He, N, O, and Fe are obtained using the direct method (DM) for 9, 20, 20, and 17 ring H ii regions, respectively, where the S++ temperature-sensitive line is detected. For the rest of the regions, including all the nebulae between the inner and the outer ring, we obtained O abundances using the strong-line method (SLM). The ring regions have a median $12+\log \rm {\frac{O}{H}}$ = 8.19 ± 0.15, $\log \rm {\frac{N}{O}} = -$1.57 ± 0.09 and $\log \rm {\frac{Fe}{O}} = -$2.24 ± 0.09 using the DM. Within the range of O abundances seen in the Cartwheel, the N/O and Fe/O values decrease proportionately with increasing O, suggesting local enrichment of O without corresponding enrichment of primary N and Fe. The O abundances of the disc H ii regions obtained using the SLM show a well-defined radial gradient. The mean O abundance of the ring H ii regions is lower by ∼0.1 dex as compared to the extrapolation of the radial gradient. The observed trends suggest the preservation of the pre-collisional abundance gradient, displacement of most of the processed elements to the ring, as predicted by the recent simulation by Renaud et al., and post-collisional infall of metal-poor gas in the ring.
Reliable stellar abundances of individual stars with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph
Authors: Wang (王梓先) Zixian , Hayden Michael R , Sharma Sanjib , Xiang (向茂盛) Maosheng , Ting (丁源森) Yuan-Sen , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Chen Boquan 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a novel approach to deriving stellar labels for stars observed in MUSE fields making use of data-driven machine learning methods. Taking advantage of the comparable spectral properties (resolution and wavelength coverage) of the LAMOST and MUSE instruments, we adopt the data-driven Payne (DD-Payne) model used on LAMOST observations and apply it to stars observed in MUSE fields. Remarkably, in spite of instrumental differences, according to the cross-validation of 27 LAMOST-MUSE common stars, we are able to determine stellar labels with precision better than 75K in Teff, 0.15 dex in log g, and 0.1 dex in abundances of [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ti/Fe], [C/Fe], [Ni/Fe], and [Cr/Fe] for current MUSE observations over a parameter range of 3800 &lt; Teff &lt; 7000 K, −1.5 &lt; [Fe/H] &lt; 0.5 dex. To date, MUSE has been used to target 13 000 fields across the southern sky since it was first commissioned 6 yr ago and it is unique in its ability to study dense star fields such as globular clusters or the Milky Way bulge. Our method will enable the automated determination of stellar parameters for all stars in these fields. Additionally, it opens the door for applications to data collected by other spectrographs having resolution similar to LAMOST. With the upcoming BlueMUSE and MAVIS, we will gain access to a whole new range of chemical abundances with higher precision, especially critical s-process elements, such as [Y/Fe] and [Ba/Fe], that provide key age diagnostics for stellar targets.
Tidally stripped halo stars from the Large Magellanic Cloud in the Galactic North
Authors: Petersen Michael S , Peñarrubia Jorge , Jones Ella 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
We examine whether the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is currently losing its stellar halo to Milky Way (MW) tides. We present a live N-body model for the ongoing MW–LMC interaction that predicts a prominent stream of stars tidally stripped from the progenitor LMC. We use this model to define a strategy to search for stripped material in kinematic space. Of the available stellar tracers, we conclude that samples of RR Lyrae stars provide the highest density of kinematic tracers at present. Using a sample of RR Lyrae stars with Gaia EDR3 astrometry, we show that the LMC stellar halo in the Southern Galactic hemisphere extends at least out to ∼30○ from the galaxy centre. In addition, several leading arm candidates are found in the Northern hemisphere as far above the disc plane as b = +34○ (at 68○ from the LMC).
Planetesimals around stars with TESS (PAST) – II. An M dwarf ‘dipper’ star with a long-lived disc in the TESS continuous viewing zone
Authors: Gaidos Eric , Mann Andrew W , Rojas-Ayala Bárbara , Feiden Gregory A , Wood Mackenna L , Narayanan Suchitra , Ansdell Megan , Jacobs Tom , LaCourse Daryll 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Studies of T Tauri discs inform planet formation theory; observations of variability due to occultation by circumstellar dust are a useful probe of unresolved, planet-forming inner discs, especially around faint M dwarf stars. We report observations of 2M0632, an M dwarf member of the Carina young moving group that was observed by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite over two 1-yr intervals. The combined light curve contains &gt;300 dimming events, each lasting a few hours, and as deep as 40 per cent (0.55 magnitudes). These stochastic events are correlated with a distinct, stable 1.86-d periodic signal that could be stellar rotation. Concurrent ground-based, multiband photometry show reddening consistent with interstellar medium-like dust. The star’s excess emission in the infrared and emission lines in optical and infrared spectra reveal a T Tauri-like accretion disc around the star. We confirm membership of 2M0632 in the Carina group by a Bayesian analysis of its Galactic space motion and position. We combine stellar evolution models with Gaia photometry and constraints on Teff, luminosity, and the absence of detectable lithium in the photosphere to constrain the age of the group and 2M0632 to 40–60 Myr, consistent with earlier estimates. 2M0632 joins a handful of long-lived discs which challenge the canon that disc lifetimes are ≲10 Myr. All known examples surround M dwarfs, suggesting that lower X-ray/ultraviolet irradiation and slower photoevaporation by these stars can dramatically affect disc evolution. The multiplanet systems spawned by long-lived discs probably experienced significant orbital damping and migration into close-in, resonant orbits, and perhaps represented by the TRAPPIST-1 system.
Modelling general-relativistic plasmas with collisionless moments and dissipative two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Most Elias R , Noronha Jorge , Philippov Alexander A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Relativistic plasmas are central to the study of black hole accretion, jet physics, neutron star mergers, and compact object magnetospheres. Despite the need to accurately capture the dynamics of these plasmas and the implications for relativistic transients, their fluid modelling is typically done using a number of (overly) simplifying assumptions, which do not hold in general. This is especially true when the mean free path in the plasma is large compared to the system size, and kinetic effects start to become important. Going beyond common approaches used in the literature, we describe a fully relativistic covariant 14-moment based two-fluid system appropriate for the study of electron–ion or electron–positron plasmas. This generalized Israel-Stewart-like system of equations of motion is obtained directly from the relativistic Boltzmann–Vlasov equation. This new formulation can account for non-ideal effects, such as anisotropic pressures and heat fluxes, not present in previous formulations of two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics. We show that a relativistic two-fluid plasma can be recast as a single fluid coupled to electromagnetic fields with (potentially large) out-of-equilibrium corrections. We keep all electron degrees of freedom, which provide self-consistent evolution equations for electron temperature and momentum. The out-of-equilibrium corrections take the form of a collisional 14-moment closure previously described in the context of viscous single fluids. The equations outlined in this paper are able to capture the full two-fluid character of collisionless plasmas found in black hole accretion and flaring processes around compact objects, as well Braginskii-like two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics applicable to weakly collisional plasmas inside accretion discs.
GRNbenchmark - a web server for benchmarking directed gene regulatory network inference methods
Authors: Seçilmiş Deniz , Hillerton Thomas , Sonnhammer Erik L L 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurate inference of gene regulatory networks (GRN) is an essential component of systems biology, and there is a constant development of new inference methods. The most common approach to assess accuracy for publications is to benchmark the new method against a selection of existing algorithms. This often leads to a very limited comparison, potentially biasing the results, which may stem from tuning the benchmark's properties or incorrect application of other methods. These issues can be avoided by a web server with a broad range of data properties and inference algorithms, that makes it easy to perform comprehensive benchmarking of new methods, and provides a more objective assessment. Here we present https://GRNbenchmark.org/ - a new web server for benchmarking GRN inference methods, which provides the user with a set of benchmarks with several datasets, each spanning a range of properties including multiple noise levels. As soon as the web server has performed the benchmarking, the accuracy results are made privately available to the user via interactive summary plots and underlying curves. The user can then download these results for any purpose, and decide whether or not to make them public to share with the community.
“On the walls of her own room hung framed portraits of Mrs. Browning, George Eliot, and Carlyle”
Authors: Finnerty Páraic 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay is concerned with the framed portraits of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, George Eliot, and Thomas Carlyle that hung on Emily Dickinson’s bedroom wall during the last years of her life. It explores Dickinson’s usually ignored reverence for Carlyle and provides a new angle from which to view her well-known admiration for Barrett Browning and Eliot. Dickinson’s portrait gallery summons up Carlyle’s conviction that biographies and visual representations of eminent figures were culturally important sources of emulation, but contests his exclusively male-centered approach to heroes and hero-worship. By visually positioning Barrett Browning and Eliot with Carlyle, Dickinson celebrates these women writers not just as her idols but as figures equivalent to Carlyle’s heroes. Her interconnection of these three writers evokes Carlyle’s influence on Barrett Browning and Eliot and their respective challenges to his ideas. Evidence in her writings suggests that Dickinson also responded critically to the masculinist tenor of Carlyle’s writings, even though his views about authorship, fame, and publication helpfully justified her role as a nonpublishing poet.
“Say it Again! Saxon!”
Authors: Noble Marianne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay explores Emily Dickinson’s celebration of the neurological and emotional intimacies of reading in the context of mid-nineteenth-century Anglo-American literary culture. Mid-century literary theories, including those of the Spasmodics, emphasized the central role of the nervous system in the act of reading, and Dickinson’s ideal of a physically intimate literature that breathes is consistent with such theories and with the writings of contemporaries Thoreau, Melville, and Whitman. Dickinson builds on her culture’s explorations of the phenomenology of reading, developing the tactile vitality of literature into a queer textual erotics that opens possibilities for the expression of nonnormative erotic intimacies, especially for women. The essay analyzes the poems “All the letters I can write” and “Many a phrase has the English language –” in the context of Stacey D’Erasmo’s description of intimacy as a space in-between.
Emily Dickinson’s Black Contexts
Authors: Fielder Brigitte 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scholars have noted that Emily Dickinson’s poetic composition increased during the Civil War, arguing rightly that this is evidence that she was not isolated and unaffected by national events, but responded to them. While her responses to the war do seem evident in these readings, Dickinson’s responses to slavery and emancipation are less clear, despite her friendship with the prominent abolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson and others concerned with these issues. Nevertheless, Dickinson wrote poetry in a context in which Black lives were present, noted, and mattered, even if they did not explicitly matter to her. This essay reads Dickinson’s Civil War era poetry alongside the African American contexts that she either engaged with or ignored. Reading her work alongside local attention to Black people in Massachusetts and elsewhere and the poetry of her most prominent Black contemporary poet, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, we gain a new perspective on Black presence in and around her work. Opening up a discussion of Dickinson’s poetry to consider also the parallel world of African American presence, print, and literary creation helps us to see her racial ambivalence not as a neutrality but as a political stance of its own, and one likely to be embraced by the later publishers of Dickinson’s poetry.
Dickinson’s Garden Ecologies
Authors: Gerhardt Christine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dickinson’s garden poems form a nodal point of her ecopoetics. They are intimately related to yet different from her work on flowers, farming, and nature at large. This essay reveals how in paying keen attention to small plots of land, close to a home and maintained for economic and aesthetic purposes, Dickinson’s garden poems crystallize some of the thornier aspects of her environmentally oriented work, especially in the context of cultivation. At a time when horticulture was idealized as a basis for environmental well-being and social progress—views that have been recharged in the twenty-first century—these poems sound a more cautionary note, expressing a garden ecology of crisis, even failure. In particular, her poems about moments of friction in average New England gardens, about the fate of gardens in winter, and about the costs of cultivating so-called exotics complicate ideas of the garden as perfect natural-cultural middle ground and embodiment of the principles of eco-ethical care. Instead, her gardens feature specimens that will not be contained, or for whom cultivation poses an existential threat, while well-meaning gardeners ultimately isolate, weaken, and commodify what they care for. As such, Dickinson recasts ostensibly innocuous gardens as unstable places where seemingly benign acts of intervention turn out to be destructive, if not disastrous, without, however, invalidating the necessity of the garden ideal as critical utopia.
Glory, Honor, Might, Majesty, Dominion, and Power
Authors: Friedlander Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In his draft preface for the book he did not live to publish, Wilfred Owen articulated a stance toward the writing of war poetry that has since served as one of the standards against which other war poets are judged. Emphatically rejecting “glory, honour, might, majesty, dominion, or power” as fitting subjects, he located the “Poetry” of war in the “pity” it arouses for soldiers, describing his own work as a mixture of elegy and warning. He had little use for poets who, for reasons of ideology, embraced the values that he rejected. His best-known poem, “Dulce Et Decorum Est,” is a denunciation of such embrace, dedicated in a draft “To a certain poetess,” identified in another draft as Jessie Pope, well-known for her exhortations to enlistment. Dickinson’s war poetry articulates a very different stance than Owen’s, and yet she was not a poetess in the manner of Pope. Her treatment of war is not easily reconcilable to an ideological position. A survey of her work yields a wide range of attitudes, with Owen’s horror of war and Pope’s ardor for it equally encompassed. For Dickinson, war is at once a condition of violence with which one must reckon and, in that reckoning, a test of personal qualities. Her abiding interest in those qualities stands in marked contrast to Owen’s skepticism. At the same time, her treatment of them, irreducible to a single outlook, puts her at odds with ideological poets such as Pope.
Living and Dying with Emily Dickinson
Authors: Deppman Jed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cultural historians of Civil War–America have documented the ways in which the late-medieval tradition of the ars moriendi—the art of dying well—sought to preserve traditional meanings and values in a time of unprecedented chaos and loss. Placed in this context, Emily Dickinson’s poems can be read as her own lifelong attempt to work out a personal ars moriendi. Did she, at the same time, produce an ars vivendi? This essay reflects on ways her writings help us understand and act upon the choices that shape our lives as well as our deaths, looking especially at Dickinson’s late poems on relationships with people who have already died and at ways that these and other poems demonstrate her rethinking on questions of life, death, and afterlife.
A Short Biography of the Homestead and The Evergreens
Authors: Wald Jane H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Dickinson Homestead and The Evergreens were constructed as fashionable expressions of the ambitions, achievements, and aesthetic tastes of four generations of Dickinsons. These two homes and their occupants constituted Emily Dickinson’s intimate familial and creative environment. In this setting Dickinson composed almost all of the poems that survive today. Built in 1813 by Emily Dickinson’s grandfather, the Homestead was frequently altered until her father, Edward, made one last extensive renovation in 1855. The Evergreens, the stylish Italianate home of the poet’s brother Austin and sister-in-law Susan, was built next to the Homestead in 1856. It saw minimal architectural change but substantial decorative alteration until the end of the century. Because these properties embodied her family’s aspirations and served as the backdrop for her own poetic vocation, an examination of the evolution of the houses is relevant to a full consideration of her life and poetic legacy. This essay incorporates findings from historic structure reports and recent physical investigations to provide updated histories of both houses.
“The Wanderers came last Night”
Authors: Wolverton Nan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay investigates Emily Dickinson’s domestic environment and her interaction with Native peoples, particularly the sellers of baskets and brooms who made seasonal travels to her neighborhood. It highlights both material and textual evidence that these wares were sold by Native American makers at the Dickinson family homes in Amherst, Massachusetts, during the late nineteenth century. The essay provides context for references about such so-called “Wanderers” in Dickinson’s letters. Her encounter in particular with a female basket seller at her own back door suggests Dickinson’s appreciation or even envy for a way of life that entailed travel and meaningful connection to place. The essay explores how the poet’s familiarity with Indigenous peoples and the crafted goods they peddled may have contributed to her thoughts on the independence that travel allowed and on nature and deep time.
“Except the smaller size –”
Authors: Sánchez-Eppler Karen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This essay approaches Dickinson’s poetry from a childhood-studies perspective that illuminates shifts in period attitudes toward children, probes the relation between poetry and daily life, and thus raises basic questions of social and aesthetic value. It has long been recognized that childhood imagery, voice, and posture run through Dickinson’s poems as persona, as trope, as topic, and also as a mode of perception, central to her understanding of what poetry is and does. Little attention has been paid, however, to the actual children most present in Dickinson’s writing life: her niece and nephews. In reading the poetry that Emily Dickinson wrote as an aunt with, for, around, and about the three children in the house next door, this essay is less interested in biography than in a set of discursive practices—valuing the small, living in the rush of now, learning from children’s visionary belief, celebrating the intensity of their desires, reveling in their imaginative and linguistic play—that are important for Dickinson’s poetic project as a whole.
The Validity of MCAT Scores in Predicting Students’ Performance and Progress in Medical School: Results From a Multisite Study
Authors: Hanson Joshua T. , Busche Kevin , Elks Martha L. , Jackson-Williams Loretta E. , Liotta Robert A. , Miller Chad , Morris Cindy A. , Thiessen Barton , Yuan Kun 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
This is the first multisite investigation of the validity of scores from the current version of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) in clerkship and licensure contexts. It examined the predictive validity of MCAT scores and undergraduate grade point averages (UGPAs) for performance in preclerkship and clerkship courses and on the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and Step 2 Clinical Knowledge examinations. It also studied students’ progress in medical school.

Method
Researchers examined data from 17 U.S. and Canadian MD-granting medical schools for 2016 and 2017 entrants who volunteered for the research and applied with scores from the current MCAT exam. They also examined data for all U.S. medical schools for 2016 and 2017 entrants to regular-MD programs who applied with scores from the current exam. Researchers conducted linear and logistic regression analyses to determine whether MCAT total scores added value beyond UGPAs in predicting medical students’ performance and progress. Importantly, they examined the comparability of prediction by sex, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

Results
Researchers reported medium to large correlations between MCAT total scores and medical student outcomes. Correlations between total UGPAs and medical student outcomes were similar but slightly lower. When MCAT scores and UGPAs were used together, they predicted student performance and progress better than either alone. Despite differences in average MCAT scores and UGPAs between students who self-identified as White or Asian and those from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups, predictive validity results were comparable. The same was true for students from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and for males and females.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate that MCAT scores add value to the prediction of medical student performance and progress and that applicants from different backgrounds who enter medical school with similar ranges of MCAT scores and UGPAs perform similarly in the curriculum.