bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Impact and Psychological Safety: Problem Formulation
Authors: Лаптев А.А. , Сорокоумова С.Н. , Юдин О.А. 
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные подходы к изучению психологического воздействия на личность и ее безопасности. Авторы анализируют различные точки зрения ученых на массовое сознание, виды и принципы психологического воздействия, в том числе информационно-психологического, на отдельного человека и на массы; методы и приемы влияния СМИ на сознание людей.Подробно раскрываются такие формы скрытого принуждения, как психологические манипуляции, дезинформация, агрессивная пропаганда, лоббирование, шантаж, технологии антикризисного управления, широко используемые в современных операциях информационной и психологической войны.Описываются методы манипуляции: информационная перегрузка, дозированная информация, большая ложь, смешение правды и лжи, затягивание во времени, возвратный удар, своевременная ложь.Обращается внимание на использование современными СМИ не только индивидуальных приемов, но и специальных манипуляционных технологий, к которым относятся дезинформация, лоббирование, пропаганда, шантаж, провокация, и раскрывается их суть.Дается толкование понятия «безопасность человека», описываются ее виды.Формулируется вывод о том, что важнейший вопрос информационно-психо­логической безопасности личности в настоящее время недостаточно проработан в связи с отсутствием научно-теоретической базы для аргументированного определения факторов информационно-психологического воздействия на человека и их критериев, единого подхода к определению степени информационно-психологической угрозы, а также отраслевой специфики проблемы.
The article treats major approaches to the investigation of psychological impact on people and to the investigation of information and psychological security. The authors analyze various approaches to mass consciousness, to types and principles of psychological impact, including information-psychological impact on individuals and masses of people, to methods and forms of influencing people’s consciousness through mass media.The authors focus on such forms of latent compulsion as psychological manipulation, disinformation, aggressive propaganda, lobbying, blackmail, anticrisis management used in modern information psychological warfare.The article describes such methods of manipulation, as information overload, incomplete information, falsehood, half-truth, delay, counterstrike.The authors maintain that modern mass media use both individual manipulation tactics and special manipulation techniques, such as disinformation, lobbying, propaganda, blackmail, provocation, etc. The article defines the above-mentioned techniques and explains their essence.It focuses on the notion of information and psychological security and describes its types.The authors conclude that since factors and criteria pertaining to information and psychological impact are not clearly defined and since there is no classification of threats of information and psychological security violation,the issue of information and psychological security is highly relevant although still underinvestigated.
Efficiently Imaging Accreting Protoplanets from Space: Reference Star Differential Imaging of the PDS 70 Planetary System Using the HST/WFC3 Archival PSF Library
Authors: Sanghi Aniket , Zhou Yifan , Bowler Brendan P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Accreting protoplanets provide key insights into how planets assemble from their natal protoplanetary disks. Recently, Zhou et al. (2021) used angular differential imaging (ADI) with Hubble Space Telescope’s Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3) to recover the young accreting planet PDS 70 b in F656N (Hα) at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 7.9. In this paper, we demonstrate a promising approach to efficiently imaging accreting planets by applying reference star differential imaging (RDI) to the same data set. We compile a reference library from the database of WFC3 point-spread functions (PSFs) provided by the Space Telescope Science Institute and develop a set of morphology-significance criteria for preselection of reference frames to improve RDI subtraction. RDI with this PSF library results in a detection of PDS 70 b at an S/N of 5.3. Astrometry and photometry of PDS 70 b are calibrated using a forward-modeling method and injection-recovery tests, resulting in a separation of 186 ± 13 mas, a position angle of 142° ± 5°, and a Hα flux of (1.7 ± 0.3) × 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2. The lower detection significance with RDI can be attributed to the ∼100 times lower peak-to-background ratios of the reference PSFs compared to the ADI PSFs. Building a high-quality reference library with WFC3 will provide unique opportunities to study accretion variability on short timescales not limited by roll angle scheduling constraints and efficiently search for actively accreting protoplanets in Hα around targets inaccessible to ground-based adaptive optics systems, such as faint transition disk hosts.
ThERESA: Three-dimensional Eclipse Mapping with Application to Synthetic JWST Data
Authors: Challener Ryan C. , Rauscher Emily 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Spectroscopic eclipse observations, like those possible with the James Webb Space Telescope, should enable 3D mapping of exoplanet day sides. However, fully flexible 3D planet models are overly complex for the data and computationally infeasible for data-fitting purposes. Here, we present ThERESA, a method to retrieve the 3D thermal structure of an exoplanet from eclipse observations by first retrieving 2D thermal maps at each wavelength and then placing them vertically in the atmosphere. This approach allows the 3D model to include complex thermal structures with a manageable number of parameters, hastening fit convergence and limiting overfitting. An analysis runs in a matter of days. We enforce consistency of the 3D model by comparing the vertical placement of the 2D maps with their corresponding contribution functions. To test this approach, we generated a synthetic JWST NIRISS-like observation of a single hot-Jupiter eclipse using a global circulation model of WASP-76b and retrieved its 3D thermal structure. We find that a model that places the 2D maps at different depths depending on latitude and longitude is preferred over a model with a single pressure for each 2D map, indicating that ThERESA is able to retrieve 3D atmospheric structure from JWST observations. We successfully recover the temperatures of the planet’s day side, the eastward shift of its hot spot, and the thermal inversion. ThERESA is open source and publicly available as a tool for the community.
Velocities of an Erupting Filament
Authors: Wang Shuo , Jenkins Jack M. , Muglach Karin , Martinez Pillet Valentin , Beck Christian , Long David M. , Choudhary Debi Prasad , McAteer James 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Solar filaments exist as stable structures for extended periods of time before many of them form the core of a coronal mass ejection (CME). We examine the properties of an erupting filament on 2017 May 29–30 with high-resolution He i 10830 Å and Hα spectra from the Dunn Solar Telescope, full-disk Dopplergrams of He i 10830 Å from the Chromospheric Telescope, and EUV and coronograph data from SDO and STEREO. Pre-eruption line-of-sight velocities from an inversion of He i with the HAZEL code exhibit coherent patches of 5 Mm extent that indicate counter-streaming and/or buoyant behavior. During the eruption, individual, aligned threads appear in the He i velocity maps. The distribution of velocities evolves from Gaussian to strongly asymmetric. The maximal optical depth of He i 10830 Å decreased from τ = 1.75 to 0.25, the temperature increased by 13 kK, and the average speed and width of the filament increased from 0 to 25 km s−1 and 10 to 20 Mm, respectively. All data sources agree that the filament rose with an exponential acceleration reaching 7.4 m s−2 that increased to a final velocity of 430 km s−1 at 22:24 UT; a CME was associated with this filament eruption. The properties during the eruption favor a kink/torus instability, which requires the existence of a flux rope. We conclude that full-disk chromospheric Dopplergrams can be used to trace the initial phase of on-disk filament eruptions in real time, which might potentially be useful for modeling the source of any subsequent CMEs.
Star Formation Triggered by the Expanding Bubble S111
Authors: Mookerjea Bhaswati 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of radiative and mechanical feedback from O-type stars on their parent molecular clouds and the triggering of formation of a future generation of stars. We study the infrared bubble S111 created by the embedded massive stellar cluster G316.80–0.05. A significant fraction of gas in shells created due to the compression of the ambient medium by expanding bubbles is photodissociated by the stellar radiation. The kinematics of the shells are thus best studied using spectroscopic observations of singly ionized carbon, the most dominant species. We have used velocity-resolved maps of the 2P3/2 → 2P1/2 transition of [C ii] at 158 μm, the J = 2–1 transition of 13CO and C18O, and the J = 1–0 transition of HCO+ to study the rim of the bubble S111 that partly coincides with the southern part of the infrared dark ridge G316.75. The [C ii] spectra conclusively show evidence of a shell expanding with a moderate velocity of ∼7 km s−1, which amounts to a kinetic energy that is ∼0.5–40 times the thermal energy of the H ii region. The pressure causing the expansion of the H ii region arises mainly from hydrogen ionization and dust-processed radiation. Among the far-infrared sources located in compressed shells, we find the core G316.7799–0.0942 to show broad spectral features consistent with outflow activity and conclude that it is a site of active star formation. Based on the age of the H ii region we conclude that this expanding H ii region is responsible for triggering the current star formation activity in the region.
Pendaftaran Tanah Wakaf Menurut PP No. 42 Tahun 2006
Authors: Azhar Azhar 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze the registration of waqf land according to Government Regulation No. 42 of 2006 in Hinai Langkat District, North Sumatra. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by using an empirical, sociological, respondent and interview approach. People in Hinai District consider waqf registration not so important in order to maintain the waqf land. This is due to the fact that people are still used to donating land verbally on the basis of mutual trust in a certain person or institution, the habit of viewing waqf as a pious deed that has noble value in the presence of God without having to go through administrative procedures, and waqf property is considered to belong to Allah alone. will not dare to interfere without the permission of Allah SWT. People also find it difficult to register their waqf land. They have not had the procedure for registering waqf and the problem of service for local KUA employees. The government is seen as contributing because of the lack of socialization of waqf regulations in Indonesia.
Keywords: waqf registration, regulation and socialization
Peningkatan Minat Dalam Penggunaan Kartu Kredit Syariah dengan Pendekatan Kepercayaan, Sikap dan Pendapatan di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara
Authors: Zahra Audina Rizka , Batubara Marwan , Silalahi Purnama Ramadani , Prayoga Rendi , Amanda Dea Putri 
Published: February 2022

In non-cash transactions, Islamic credit cards have become a way of life in modern economic culture. The use of Islamic credit cards has risen and fallen throughout time due to a variety of variables. Trust, attitudes, and income are some of these determinants. The goal of this research was to see how beliefs, attitudes, and income affected interest in using Islamic credit cards. The basic data for this study comes from interviews with 38 participants in North Labuhanbatu Regency who were chosen using a borring sample approach. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the data. Each trust, attitude, and income level had a favorable and substantial impact on interest in using a sharia credit card, according to the findings. This study benefits (a) academics by providing proof of concept, and (b) Islamic banks by providing data to assess the factors that impact interest in using a sharia credit card.
Keywords: Trust, Attitudes, Income, Islamic Credit Cards
Removing the Invasive TreeAilanthus altissimaand Restoring Natural Cover
Authors: Burch Patrick L. , Zedaker Shepard M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEight herbicide treatments were applied by low-volume basal applications and compared to hand cutting for the removal ofAilanthus altissima. Manual cutting ofAilanthusstimulated resprouting and increased overall stand density. Chemical control not only removed existing trees but also prevented resprouting. When evaluated 2 years after treatment, optimal control ofAilanthuswas achieved with a combination of Garlon 4 and Tordon K herbicides. Garlon 4 at 20% v/v alone, Garlon 4 combined with Stalker, or Stalker herbicide alone controlledAilanthusbetter than hand cutting but were not as effective as treatments containing picloram. Removal ofAilanthusresulted in a shift in herbaceous species to native species of the region without reseeding with naturally occurring herbs. Manual control ofAilanthusshould be avoided in order to prevent proliferation. Herbicide control ofAilanthusis the preferred method of control because it successfully kills the trees and prevents resprouting. Because majorAilanthusinfestations occur near roadways, access with a backpack sprayer should be achievable.
Effects of Tree Mortality on Power Line Security
Authors: Guggenmoos Siegfried 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOthers have reported that instances where trees grow into lines rarely result in power outages. The vast majority of tree-related outages stem from tree failure, particularly if outages during severe weather events are included. Generally, tree–conductor conflicts resulting from tree failure are classified as unpreventable because the trees are located outside the right-of-way. In the emerging competitive environment, utilities will require a means of decreasing so-called unpreventable outages. The primary locations for unpreventable outages are areas where lines run adjacent to or through natural forest tree stands. Tree mortality exposes a power line to a high risk of tree incidents over time. The risk to the line is directly related to the number of trees within striking distance of the line. Conventional clear widths leave a substantial residual tree risk. Hazard tree removal programs do not provide enduring reliability gains. A new mathematical model, the optimal clear width calculator, is used to assess the tree risk over variable clear widths and line heights. The risk ratings in the output line strike probability charts permit quantitative comparisons of construction and maintenance options. The line strike probability chart indicates that there is a point of diminishing return in line security for dollars invested in additional clear width.
Survival of ponderosa Pine(Pinus ponderosaDougl. Ex Laws.) Seedlings Outplanted WithRhizopogonMycorrhizae Inoculated With Spores At The Nursery
Authors: Steinfeld David , Amaranthus Michael P. , Cazares Efren 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that ectomycorrhizal fungi can profoundly affect conifer performance by facilitating nutrient and water uptake, maintaining soil structure, and protecting roots from pathogens and environmental extremes. However, fertilizing and irrigating practices in seedling production nurseries are very different than field conditions at harsh outplanting sites. More information is needed on the ability of specific mycorrhizal fungi to establish at the nursery and improve seedling performance in the outplanted environment. This study was conducted to test the ability of a specific ectomycorrhizal fungus,Rhizopogon rubescens, inoculated onto the root systems of plug-1 ponderosa pine(Pinus ponderosa)seedlings grown in fumigated and nonfumigated bare-root nursery beds to influence conifer establishment on two harsh, dry sites in southwest Oregon, U.S. After outplanting, survival ofRhizopogon-inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than noninoculated seedlings at both field sites (p < 0.05). Survival averaged 93% forRhizopogon-inoculated seedlings and 37% for noninoculated seedlings at the Central Point site. Survival averaged 71% forRhizopogon-inoculated seedlings and 41% for noninoculated seedlings at the Applegate site. Field survival did not differ significantly for ponderosa pine seedlings grown in fumigated compared to nonfumigated beds. Seedling height did not differ significantly betweenRhizopogon-inoculated and noninoculated ponderosa pine seedlings or fumigated and nonfumigated beds in the nursery or outplanting sites. Foliar analysis at the Applegate site indicated significantly higher phosphorous contents forRhizopogon-inoculated seedlings. Results from this study indicate thatRhizopogoninoculated plug-1 ponderosa pine survive at a much higher rate on dry, harsh sites in southwest Oregon. Poor survival by noninoculated pine seedlings grown in both fumigated and nonfumigated beds and outplanted on harsh sites indicate that field survival should be considered one of the more important criteria for selection ofRhizopogonspecies suitable for nursery inoculation.
The Relationship Between Urban Leaf Area and Household Energy Usage in Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.
Authors: Jensen Ryan R. , Boulton James R. , Harper Bruce T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe accrual of urban forest amenities and the estimation of these benefits is an essential step in the process of preserving and expanding urban forest resources. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that these benefits, specifically decreased cooling costs, can be effectively estimated using a mixed methodological approach that combines remotes sensing technologies with standard statistical analysis. This study tests the relationship between urban forest leaf area index (LAI) and household energy usage in summer 2001 in a mid-sized city. Results indicate an inverse relationship between LAI and energy usage, signifying that as LAI increases, energy usage decreases. This study could be used by urban planners and others to promote urban forests, justify urban forest projects, and assess the outcomes current policy.
RACIONALIDADES E A TOMADA DE DECISÃO DOS PRODUTORES DE ALFAFA DE DEZESSEIS DE NOVEMBRO- RS / Rationalities and decision-making by alfafa producers from Dezesseis de Novembro city - RS
Authors: De Barros Tatiane Fenner , Anes Carlos Eduardo Ruschel , Dalcin Dionéia 
Published: February 2022

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as racionalidades na tomada de decisão dos produtores de alfafa no município de Dezesseis de Novembro/RS. A metodologia da pesquisa é classificada como qualitativa, baseada no método explicativo. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação de um roteiro de entrevista com 15 produtores de alfafa do município. A avaliação dos dados ocorreu através da análise de conteúdo, a qual permitiu a compreensão do processo de tomada de decisão dos produtores de alfafa e a identificação da presença das orientações instrumental, social, expressiva e intrínseca, evidenciando, além disso, a manifestação das racionalidades instrumental e substantiva neste processo. Os resultados contribuem para o aprofundamento teórico das racionalidades no processo decisório dos produtores de alfafa e salientam a importância da temática do desenvolvimento rural, das orientações e das racionalidades inerentes à tomada de decisão dos agricultores, como forma de contribuir para o desenvolvimento local e regional. ABSTRACT This paper aims at analyzing the rationalities in the decision-making process of alfalfa producers from Dezesseis de Novembro/RS. This research methodology is classified as qualitative, based on the explanatory method. Data collection consisted of an interview script applied to 15 alfalfa producers. Data analysis was made through content analysis, which allowed for the comprehension of how the process of decision-making of alfalfa producers is made. Moreover, it also showed the presence of instrumental, social, expressive, and intrinsic orientations and the manifestation of instrumental and substantive rationalities in this process. Results can not only contribute to a theoretical deepening of the rationalities in the decision-making process of the alfalfa producers but also highlight the importance of the rural development theme, of the orientations and rationalities implied in the decision-making process of farmers as means of contributing to local and regional development.
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Timeline untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam di MTs NW Suralaga
Authors: Harmonika Sri , Sadarudin Muhamad , Suparmo Gunawan 
Published: February 2022

Abstrak
Sejarah kebudayaan Islam atau SKI termasuk pelajaran yang sulit dipahami siswa dibandingkan dengan mata pelajaran lain, karena SKI mempelajari sesuatu yang sudah terjadi, dan tidak dialami langsung oleh siswa. Salah satu metode pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah metode pembelajaran timeline. Pendekatan timeline adalah metode garis waktu yang dibuat secara runtun dan sistematis. Pendekatan Garis waktu lebih menarik disajikan secara bergambar atau simbol-simbol, sehingga pembahasan mengenai peristiwa SKI dapat dipahami dengan jelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran SKI melalui penerapan pembelajaran timeline. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen jenis one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 18 siswa kelas VIII. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata sebelum memberikan pembelajaran timeline yaitu 62,50. Adapun setelah menerapkan metode timeline, nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 79,17. Kemudian melalui hasil uji-t diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,000, artinya nilai signifikansi (2 tailed) < 0,05. Maka dapat dikatakan bahwa penggunaan metode pembelajaran timeline dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap mata pelajaran sejarah kebudayaan Islam.