bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse-Driven Assessment, Prevention, and Management of Delirium on an Acute Inpatient Neurology Unit
Authors: Francisco Mary Ann , Gesell Travis , Meletis Stephanie , Bohr Nicole L. , Gleason Lauren J. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Delirium commonly affects hospitalized patients and is associated with increased hospital length of stay, discharge to skilled care, cost, morbidity, and mortality.

Local Problem:
At our organization, there was no formal delirium assessment performed by the nursing staff outside of the intensive care unit.

Methods:
Assessment of nurses' knowledge about delirium, a nurse-driven delirium screening protocol, and patient education were implemented on an adult inpatient neurology unit. Knowledge change, protocol implementation, and patient-level outcomes were assessed.

Interventions:
Staff nurse delirium education and a nurse-driven delirium screening protocol were implemented.

Results:
No change in nursing knowledge occurred pre/postintervention. Falls, falls with injury, and restraint and sitter usage decreased. Changes in length of stay varied over the intervention period. The trend to discharge to home increased, while the trend to discharge to skilled nursing care decreased.

Conclusions:
Formal delirium screening protocols may add organizational value by positively impacting patient outcomes.
Post-Stroke Detection of Subclinical Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in the Real World Practice
Authors: Grifoni Elisa , Baldini Giulia , Baldini Mariella , Pinto Gabriele , Micheletti Irene , Madonia Elisa M. , Cosentino Eleonora , Bartolozzi Maria L. , Bertini Elisabetta , Dei Alessandro , Signorini Ira , Giannoni Sara , Del Rosso Attilio , Prisco Domenico , Guidi Leonello , Masotti Luca 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Subclinical paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the main occult causative mechanisms of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Aim of this study was to identify AF predictors, and to develop a score to predict the probability of AF detection in ESUS.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed ESUS patients undergoing 2-week external electrocardiographic monitoring. Patients with and without AF detection were compared. On the basis of multivariate analysis, predictors of AF were identified and used to develop a predictive score, which was then compared with other existing literature scores.

Results:
Eighty-two patients, 48 females, mean age±SD 72±10 years, were included. In 36 patients (43.9%) AF was detected. The frequency of age 75 years or above and arterial hypertension, and the median CHA2DS2-VASc score were significantly higher in patients with AF compared with those without. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥8 was the only independent variable associated with AF detection. We derived the Empoli ESUS-AF (E2AF) score (NIHSS ≥8 5 points, arterial hypertension 3 points, age 75 years or above 2 points, age 65 to 74 years 1 point, history of coronary/peripheral artery disease 1 point, left atrial enlargement 1 point, posterior lesion 1 point, cortical or cortical-subcortical lesion 1 point), whose predictive power in detecting AF was good (area under the curve: 0.746, 95% confidence interval: 0.638-0.836) and higher than that of CHA2DS2-VASc and other scores.

Conclusions:
In our study NIHSS score ≥8 was the only independent predictor of post-ESUS-AF detection. The E2AF score appears to have a good predictive power for detecting AF. External validations are required.
Role of Testicular Scintigraphy in the Assessment of Viability of Undescended Testis
Authors: Aggarwal Piyush , Kavanal Anwin Joseph , Kumar Srinivas Ananth , Parmar Kalpesh , Bhattacharya Anish 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Doppler ultrasonography and testicular scintigraphy are sensitive techniques to detect the adequacy of blood flow to testicular tissue. Because Doppler ultrasonography is an operator-dependent imaging modality, it can result in equivocal findings. Testicular scintigraphy proves to be more accurate in such cases, but it may be inconclusive on occasion. The authors report the case of a young man with a left undescended testis where testicular scintigraphy was inconclusive for viability and 18F-FDG PET/CT provided important diagnostic information.
Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis Masquerading as Gallbladder Carcinoma on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Dong Hui , Zhang Lu , Cheng Chao , Zuo Changjing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

68Ga-FAPI-04 has great potential for the detection and staging evaluation of a variety of tumors. We report a case of suspected gallbladder carcinoma that was enrolled in a prospective study of 68Ga-FAPI-04 imaging at our institution. This case was later histopathologically confirmed as xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. This demonstrates that xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis might be disguised as gallbladder carcinoma in 68Ga-FAPI-04 imaging. Thus, we suggest that nuclear clinicians evaluating 68Ga-FAPI-04 imaging should be aware of this possibility.
Digital therapy to improve stuttering symptoms in patients with a deficit of spectral power in the EEG beta frequency band
Authors: Chernetchenko Dmytro , Prasolov Pramax , Aganov Sam , Voropay Andrey , Lituiev Dmytro , Nayshtetik Eugene 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundStuttering is a speech disorder that affects more than 70 million people worldwide, limiting their ability to communicate and socialize. In recent decades, several studies have demonstrated a link between stuttering and a deficit of β electroencephalographic (EEG) power.Aim and MethodsThis study investigates the efficacy of a novel auditory neuro modulating technology that leverages euphonic music tracks with broad-spectrum binaural beats to induce selective EEG spectral power changes. Adults with stuttering (AWS, n=6) and participants from the control group (n=6) were exposed to euphonic binaural stimuli for 5 minutes. The EEG and electrocardiographic (ECG) bio-signals were recorded prior, during, and after exposure.ResultsDuring standard reading tasks without stimulation, β-power in the left hemisphere in the adults without stuttering and with stuttering differed. The left-right hemisphere asymmetry in β-wave power was observed in the control group but not in AWS. After the stimulation, the power of β-band in AWS participants in the left hemisphere increased 1.54-fold, while changes in the right hemisphere activity were not significant. Average β-band power within left frontotemporal area and temporoparietal junction after stimulation in AWS participants shows an increase of β-band in left frontotemporal junction by 1.65-fold and in left temporoparietal by 1.72-fold. The changes in the quality of speech were assessed based on the speech rate and the rate of speech disfluencies evaluated by speech therapists. The rate of disfluencies dropped significantly after the stimulation (median 74.70% of the baseline rate), but the effect was not significantly different from the baseline 10 min later (median 65.51% of the baseline rate). Similarly, the speech rate significantly increased immediately after the stimulation (median 133.15%) but was not significantly different 10 min later (median 126.63% of the baseline rate). In this study, we found significant correlations of β-activation level in left temporoparietal projection (Spearman ρ=-0.54,) and left frontotemporal area (Spearman ρ=-0.58) with disfluency rate of speech.ConclusionsWe show for the first time that auditory binaural beats stimulation can substantially improve speech fluency in AWS and its effect is related to boost of EEG β-band power in speech-production centers. The changes in β power are detected immediately after the exposure and persist 10 min later. Additionally, these effects are accompanied by a reduction in stress level as monitored by ECG markers. This suggests that auditory binaural beats stimulation temporarily improves speech quality in AWS by increasing β-band power of EEG in speech centers of the brain.
Health care use attributable to COVID-19: A propensity matched national electronic health records cohort study of 249,390 people in Wales, UK
Authors: Kennedy J , Parker M , Seaborne M , Mhereeg M , Walker A , Walker V , Denaxas S , Kennedy N , Katikireddi S.V , Brophy S 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the extent and nature of changes in infected patients healthcare utilization, we studied healthcare contact in the 1-4 weeks and 5-24 weeks following a COVID-19 diagnosis compared to propensity matched controls.MethodsSurvival analysis was used for time to death and first clinical outcomes including clinical terminology concepts for post-viral illness, fatigue, embolism, respiratory conditions, mental and developmental conditions, fit note, or hospital attendance. Increased instantaneous risk for the occurrence of an outcome for positive individuals was quantified using hazard ratios (HR) from Cox Regression and absolute risk was quantified using relative risk (RR) from life table analysis.ResultsCompared to matched individuals testing negative, surviving positive community-tested patients had a higher risk of post-viral illness (HR: 4.57, 95%CI: 1.77-11.80, p=0.002), fatigue (HR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.24-1.75, p<0.001) and embolism (HR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.13-2.02, p=0.005) at 5-24 weeks post-diagnosis. In the four weeks after COVID-19 higher rates of sick notes were being issued for community-tested (HR: 3.04, 95%CI: 0.88 to 10.50, p<0.079); the risk was reduced after four weeks, compared to controls. Overall healthcare attendance for anxiety, depression was less likely in those with COVID-19 in the first four weeks (HR: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.73-1.06, p=0.007). After four weeks, anxiety, depression is less likely to occur for the positive community-tested individuals (HR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.77-1.00, p=0.048), but more likely for positive hospital-tested individuals (HR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.00-1.45, p=0.053). Although statistical associations between positive infection and post-infection healthcare use are clear, the absolute use of healthcare is very.ConclusionsCommunity COVID-19 disease is associated with increased risks of post-viral illness, fatigue, embolism, depression, anxiety and respiratory conditions. Despite these elevated risks, the absolute healthcare burden is low. Either very small proportions of people experience adverse outcomes following COVID-19 or they are not presenting to healthcare.Trial registrationData held in SAIL databank are anonymised and therefore, no ethical approval is required. All data in SAIL has the permission from the relevant Caldicott Guardian or Data Protection Officer and SAIL-related projects are required to obtain Information Governance Review Panel (IGRP) approval. The IGRP approval number for this study is 1259.
Estimating the period prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron (BA.1) surge in New York City (NYC), January 1-March 16, 2022
Authors: Qasmieh Saba A , Robertson McKaylee M , Teasdale Chloe A , Kulkarni Sarah G , Nash Denis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn a population-based survey of NYC adults, we assessed positive SARS-CoV-2 tests (including via exclusive at-home testing) and possible cases among untested respondents. An estimated 27.4% (95%CI: 22.8%-32.0%) or 1.8 million adults (95%CI: 1.6-2.1 million) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was high among groups that are more vulnerable to severe SARS-CoV-2 and death, including unvaccinated persons (21.7%, 95%CI 9.6%-33.8%) and those aged 65+ (17.8%, 95%CI 10.2-25.4%). Population-based representative surveys are an important adjunct surveillance tool to standard testing-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance.
Grandfathers and Grandsons: Social Security Expansion and Child Health in China
Authors: Yang Jinyang , Chen Xi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe examine the multigenerational impacts of a nationwide social pension program in China, the New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS). NRPS was rolled out in full scale since 2012, and rural enrollees over age 60 are eligible to receive a minimum of 70 CNY non-contributory monthly pension. We leverage age eligibility and variations in pension receipt to identify the inter-generational effect of NRPS on health among grandchildren. We find NRPS substantially increases child weight without impacting height. Overall, child BMI z score increases by 1.09, which is largely driven by grandfathers’ pension receipt raising rates of overweight and obesity among grandsons. Among the potential mechanisms, our findings are more plausibly explained by a mixture of income effect, son preference, and rising inter-generational co-residence and childcare.
A machine learning-based SNP-set analysis approach for identifying disease-associated susceptibility loci
Authors: Silva Princess P. , Gaudillo Joverlyn D. , Vilela Julianne A. , Roxas-Villanueva Ranzivelle Marianne L. , Tiangco Beatrice J. , Domingo Mario R. , Albia Jason R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying disease-associated susceptibility loci is one of the most pressing and crucial challenges in modeling complex diseases. Existing approaches to biomarker discovery are subject to several limitations including underpowered detection, neglect for variant interactions, and restrictive dependence on prior biological knowledge. Addressing these challenges necessitates more ingenious ways of approaching the “missing heritability” problem.ObjectivesThis study aims to discover disease-associated susceptibility loci by augmenting previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the integration of random forest and cluster analysis.MethodsThe proposed integrated framework is applied to a hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance GWAS data. Multiple cluster analyses were performed on (1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) considered significant by GWAS and (2) SNPs with the highest feature importance scores obtained using random forest. The resulting SNP-sets from the cluster analyses were subsequently tested for trait-association.ResultsThree susceptibility loci possibly associated with HBsAg seroclearance were identified: (1) SNP rs2399971, (2) gene LINC00578, and (3) locus 11p15. SNP rs2399971 is a biomarker reported in the literature to be significantly associated with HBsAg seroclearance in patients who had received antiviral treatment. The latter two loci are linked with diseases influenced by the presence of hepatitis B virus infection.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed integrated framework in identifying disease-associated susceptibility loci. With further validation, results herein could aid in better understanding complex disease etiologies and provide inputs for a more advanced disease risk assessment for patients.
Intra-myonuclear inclusions are diagnostic of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ogasawara Masashi , Eura Nobuyuki , Iida Aritoshi , Kumutpongpanich Theerawat , Minami Narihiro , Nonaka Ikuya , Hayashi Shinichiro , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe pathologies of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) are indistinguishable. We found that p62-positive intra-nuclear inclusions (INIs) in myonuclei (myo-INIs) were significantly more frequent in OPMD (11.4 ± 4.1%, range 5.0– 17.5%) than in OPDM and other rimmed vacuolar myopathies (RVMs) (1–2% on average, range 0.0–3.5%,p<0.0001). In contrast, INIs in nonmuscle cells (nonmuscle-INIs) were present in OPDM, but absent in other RVMs, including OPMD. These results indicate that OPMD can be differentiated from OPDM and other RVMs by the frequent presence of myo-INIs (≥5%) and the absence of nonmuscle-INIs in muscle pathology.
A Systematised Review of the Beighton Score Compared with Other Commonly Used Measurement Tools for Assessment and Identification of Generalised Joint Hypermobility (GJH)
Authors: Alexander Malini 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundObjectiveA systematised review compared validity and reliability of the Beighton Score to those of other commonly used scores for identification of generalised joint hypermobility (GJH)MethodsInclusion criteria: English language, studies on humans, all types of study designs, publications in academic journals, publications from the year two thousand onwards, publications in print and theses. Exclusion criteria: studies not in English, studies measuring single joints only, studies published before the year 2000, cadaveric studies, papers with only abstracts available. An electronic literature search was undertaken of Pub Med/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database, SPORT Discus, Pedro databases, followed by a manual search. The final review included 73 papers. The PRISMA (2021) COSMIN (2010) guidelines and CASP (2019) criteria were used to evaluate methodological quality and bias.ResultsThe Beighton Score’s Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability ranged between ICC 0.74-0.99 and ICC 0.72-0.98 respectively. The BS has reasonable intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, however validity cannot be accurately determined as incorporation bias was identified as an issue in study methodology, not previously identified in the literature.ConclusionPaucity of data prevented accurate assessment of other scoring systems. Urgent research is required to clarify these issues and compare the BS to other tests. No source of funding was received in in undertaking this review. This review was not registered.
Analyses of Omicron genomes from India reveal BA.2 as a more transmissible variant
Authors: Atkulwar Ashwin , Rehman Akif , Imaan Y. , Baig Mumtaz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is the first study on omicron genomes from India to focus on phylodynamics and phylogenomics trait to provide an insight into the evolution of omicron variants. We analyzed 564 genomes deposited to GISAID database from various states of India. Pangolin COVID-19 Lineage Assigner tool was used to determine lineage assignment of all retrieved genomes. A Maximum likelihood (MLE) tree construction further confirms the separation of genomes into two distinct clades, BA. 1. and BA. 2. A very high reproduction number (R0) of 2.445 was estimated for the lineage BA.2. The highest R0 value in Telangana confirms the prevalence of lineage BA.2 in the state. Construction of the Reduced Median (RM) network shows evolution of some autochthonous haplogroups and haplotypes, which further supports the rapid evolution of omicron as compared to its previous variants. Phylogenomic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) and RM show the potential for the emergence of sub-sublineages and novel haplogroups respectively. Due to the recombinant property and high transmissibility of omicron virus, we suggest continuous and more widespread genome sequencing in all states of India to track evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in real time.
Epidemiological behavior of the contamination curve by COVID-19 in Brazil: a time series study
Authors: de Morais Thiffany Nayara Bento , Silva Costa Ketyllem Tayanne da , Capistrano Gustavo Nepomuceno , de Andrade Fábia Barbosa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Brazil is experiencing the greatest episode of sanitary collapse ever known in the country’s history. Therefore, the relevance of this study is highlighted for the scientific advance on the epidemiological behavior of the virus in Brazil, enabling the development of analyses and discussions on the factors that influenced the high rates of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in the country. Given the above, the study in question aims to analyze the epidemiological behavior of the contamination curve by COVID-19 by epidemiological week (EW), in the years 2020-2021, in Brazil. This is an ecological study of time series, prepared using information collected through secondary means. The country of origin of the study is Brazil, and its main theme is the number of those infected during the pandemic of COVID-19, this being the dependent variable of the study. The data been analyzed from February 23, 2020, when the first case was confirmed in Brazil, to January 1, 2022. In 2021, the country’s graph shows an exorbitant growth, reaching a peak of approximately 250 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the 12th EW. This data became the highest rate of the pandemic in Brazil, and did not vary significantly for the next twelve weeks. Thus, it was identified that Brazil was severely impacted by the new coronavirus, considering the high rates of confirmed cases of the virus in the country, the low adhesion of the population to preventive measures, the late start of mass vaccination in the Brazilian population, and the lack of structure in the health system, which was not properly prepared for the high demand generated by COVID-19.
Dietary fatty acids modulate the endocannabinoid system in rat submandibular gland
Authors: Combina Herrera César Nicolás , Blanco Mariana , Repossi Gastón , Escandriolo Nackauzi Jorge Darío , Actis Adriana Beatriz 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyze the influence of dietary fatty acids on endocannabinoid system components in rat submandibular gland. 15 male Wistar rats were fed on commercial diet until the 8th week of life. They were then divided into three dietary groups: Control, continuing with chow diet, and two experimental groups receiving for 30 days a diet containing corn oil or chia oil as lipid source (7%). At that time, animals were sacrificed and salivary glands obtained. Anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol endogenous ligands (high performance liquid chromatography) and cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 (immunofluorescence) were quantified. Fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme activity was analyzed (spectrophotometry). Kruskal Wallis test was applied. 2-Arachidonylglycerol was higher in Corn oil group than in Control and Chia oil groups. The greatest CB1 and the lowest CB2 receptor positively-marked area percentage were found in Corn oil and in Chia oil, respectively. Fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme activity was higher in Corn oil than in Chia oil. 18:2 n-6 (Corn oil) and 18:3 n-3 (Chia oil) dietary fatty acids modulate endocannabinoid system components in rat submandibular gland, what would have influence on salivary secretion. Dietary n-3 fatty acid could be useful in salivary dysfunctions.
Integrated molecular analysis reveals two distinct subtypes of pure seminoma of the testis
Authors: Medvedev Kirill E. , Savelyeva Anna V. , Bagrodia Aditya , Jia Liwei , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common solid malignancy in adolescent and young men, with a rising incidence over the past 20 years. Overall, TGCTs are second in terms of the average life years lost per person dying of cancer, and clinical therapeutics without adverse long-term side effects are lacking. Platinum-based regimens for TGCTs have heterogeneous outcomes even within the same histotype that frequently leads to under- and over-treatment. Understanding of molecular differences that lead to diverse outcomes of TGCT patients may improve current treatment approaches. Seminoma is the most common subtype of TGCTs, which can either be pure or present in combination with other histotypes. Here we conducted a computational study of 64 pure seminoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, applied consensus clustering approach to their transcriptomic data and revealed two clinically relevant seminoma subtypes: seminoma subtype 1 and 2. Our analysis identified significant differences in pluripotency stage, activity of double stranded DNA breaks repair mechanisms, rates of loss of heterozygosity, DNA methylation, and expression of lncRNA responsible for cisplatin resistance between the subtypes. Seminoma subtype 1 is characterized by higher pluripotency state, while subtype 2 showed attributes of reprogramming into non-seminomatous TGCT. The seminoma subtypes we identified may provide a molecular underpinning for variable responses to chemotherapy and radiation. Translating these findings into clinical care may help improve risk stratification of seminoma, decrease overtreatment rates, and increase long-term quality of life for TGCT survivors.