bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated and Dynamic Control of Chemical Content in Droplets for Scalable Screens of Small Animals
Authors: Aubry Guillaume , Milisavljevic Marija , Lu Hang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScreening functional phenotypes in small animals is important for genetics and drug discovery. Multiphase microfluidics has great potential for enhancing throughput but has been hampered by inefficient animal encapsulation and limited control over the animal's environment in droplets. Here, a highly efficient single‐animal encapsulation unit, a liquid exchanger system for controlling the droplet chemical environment dynamically, and an automation scheme for the programming and robust execution of complex protocols are demonstrated. By careful use of interfacial forces, the liquid exchanger unit allows for adding and removing chemicals from a droplet and, therefore, generating chemical gradients inaccessible in previous multiphase systems. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an example, it is demonstrated that these advances can serve to analyze dynamic phenotyping, such as behavior and neuronal activity, perform forward genetic screen, and are scalable to manipulate animals of different sizes. This platform paves the way for large‐scale screens of complex dynamic phenotypes in small animals.
Surface Adsorption‐Mediated Ultrahigh Efficient Peptide Encapsulation with a Precise Ratiometric Control for Type 1 and 2 Diabetic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Pei , Du Chunyang , Huang Tianhe , Hu Shuai , Bai Yuancheng , Li Cong , Feng Guobing , Gao Yue , Li Zhi , Wang Baoxun , Hirvonen Jouni T. , Fan Jin , Santos Hélder A. , Liu Dongfei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA surface adsorption strategy is developed to enable the engineering of microcomposites featured with ultrahigh loading capacity and precise ratiometric control of co‐encapsulated peptides. In this strategy, peptide molecules (insulin, exenatide, and bivalirudin) are formulated into nanoparticles and their surface is decorated with carrier polymers. This polymer layer blocks the phase transfer of peptide nanoparticles from oil to water and, consequently, realizes ultrahigh peptide loading degree (up to 78.9%). After surface decoration, all three nanoparticles are expected to exhibit the properties of adsorbed polymer materials, which enables the co‐encapsulation of insulin, exenatide, and bivalirudin with a precise ratiometric control. After solidification of this adsorbed polymer layer, the release of peptides is synchronously prolonged. With the help of encapsulation, insulin achieves 8 days of glycemic control in type 1 diabetic rats with one single injection. The co‐delivery of insulin and exenatide (1:1) efficiently controls the glycemic level in type 2 diabetic rats for 8 days. Weekly administration of insulin and exenatide co‐encapsulated microcomposite effectively reduces the weight gain and glycosylated hemoglobin level in type 2 diabetic rats. The surface adsorption strategy sets a new paradigm to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological performance of peptides, especially for the combination of peptides.
A natural disaster student support program for online students faces the challenge of COVID‐19
Authors: Sanders Jennie , Howlett Bernadette , Jungbauer Michelle , Koch Alonna , Bliven AnnaMaria , Velarde Jesse , Saulnier Heather 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes Western Governors University's emergency management student support program in place prior to the pandemic and the challenge to adapt and address the unprecedented needs students faced due to COVID‐19. Included are key lessons learned in addressing the impact of COVID‐19 and evidence‐based learnings in response to the large‐scale student needs during the prolonged pandemic.
Xanthohumol targets the JNK1/2 signaling pathway in apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Yu , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Lo Yu‐Sheng , Lin Chia‐Chieh , Chuang Yi‐Ching , Chen Mu‐Kuan , Chou Ming‐Chih 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors of the head and neck. Xanthohumol (Xn) is a compound extracted in a high concentration from the hard resin of hops (Humulus lupulus L.), the basic raw material of beer. This study investigated the apoptotic effect and anticancer properties of Xn in human NPC cell lines. Our study demonstrated that at the concentration 40 μM, Xn significantly reduced cell viability and promoted cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in two cell lines. The results indicated that Xn induced apoptosis in NPC cell lines through annexin V/propidium iodide staining, chromatin condensation, and apoptosis‐related pathways. Xn upregulated the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, namely DR5, cleaved RIP, caspase‐3, caspase‐8, caspase‐9, PARP, Bim, and Bak, and it downregulated the expression of Bcl‐2. Xn upregulated the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the inhibition of JNK clearly resulted in decreasing expression of Xn‐activated cleaved caspase‐3 and PARP. Our research provides sufficient evidence to confirm that Xn induces the MAPK JNK pathway to promote apoptosis of NPC and is expected to become a safe and acceptable treatment option for human NPC.
Burn‐out and employability rates are impacted by the level of job autonomy and workload among Dutch gastroenterologists
Authors: van Leeuwen Evelien H. , Kuyvenhoven Johan Ph. , Taris Toon W. , Verhagen Marc A. M. T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing burn‐out rates among gastroenterologists make it necessary to find ways to prevent burn‐out and to stimulate their ability and willingness to continue working (i.e., their employability). Understanding their antecedents might help organizations to prevent burn‐out and to enhance employability among this occupational group.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to provide insight in the relationship between job characteristics and job crafting behavior on the one hand and job outcomes (burn‐out symptoms and employability) on the other hand.MethodsData from two surveys in 2020 and 2021 were collected in a longitudinal study among 238 Dutch gastroenterologists. The data were analyzed with multiple linear regression analyses and paired‐samples t‐tests.ResultsJob characteristics, specifically job aspects that require sustained physical and/or psychological effort or skills (i.e., job demands), are important predictors of burn‐out symptoms among gastroenterologists. Specifically, high quantitative and emotional workload are significantly related to more burn‐out symptoms. No strong relationship was found between job crafting and burn‐out symptoms. Furthermore, job aspects that reduce the negative impact of these demanding aspects and that help to achieve work goals (i.e., job resources), and job demands to some extent, significantly predict employability. In particular, high job autonomy is related to higher employability, and high quantitative workload is associated with lower employability. Job crafting does not significantly affect employability. Furthermore, levels of burn‐out symptoms and employability differed only little across time.ConclusionIn gastroenterologists, a high quantitative workload and emotional workload are associated with a higher burn‐out risk, while low job autonomy and high quantitative workload are associated with more negative perceptions of employability. To prevent burn‐out and to create positive perceptions of employability, it is important to take these aspects into account.
Serological survey of anti‐Leptospira spp. antibodies in individuals with animal hoarding disorder and their dogs in a major city of Southern Brazil
Authors: Cunha Graziela Ribeiro da , Pellizzaro Maysa , Martins Camila Marinelli , Rocha Suzana Maria , Yamakawa Ana Carolina , da Silva Evelyn Cristine , dos Santos Andrea Pires , Morikawa Vivien Midori , Langoni Hélio , Biondo Alexander Welker 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with hoarding disorder (HD) presented a persistent difficulty in detaching from objects and/or animals. Unhealthy conditions, frequently found in cases of animal HD (AHD), may favour environmental contamination and the spread of zoonotic pathogens. Despite that, only one study of zoonotic diseases in individuals with AHD and their companion animals has been conducted to date.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti‐Leptospira spp. antibodies in individuals with AHD and their dogs in a major city of Southern Brazil.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 264 dogs (21 households) and 19 individuals with AHD (11 households) and tested by microscopic agglutination test.ResultsAll human samples were seronegative. Seropositivity was found in 16/264 (6.1%; CI 95% 3.3–9.6%) dogs from 11/21 (52.38%) households, with titres ranging from 100 up to 400, and Copenhageni (10/16; 62.5%) was the most frequent serovar. Surprisingly, seropositivity of hoarded dogs found herein was among the lowest reportedly observed in other dog populations of Brazil. Two epidemiological variables were significantly associated with seropositivity in dogs: the presence of cat hoarding (p = 0.004) and the report of flood occurrence in the household (p = 0.031).ConclusionsNo individuals with AHD were seropositive, and besides the lower seroprevalence of dogs, they probably had contact with Leptospira spp. at some point in their life. Since dogs can be considered potential sentinels in leptospirosis, public health programs must become aware of the risk of leptospirosis cases in households of individuals with AHD and nearby communities.
Torsional oscillation damping in wind turbines with virtual synchronous machine‐based frequency response
Authors: Lu Liang , Saborío‐Romano Oscar , Cutululis Nicolaos A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the quest of improving the frequency response capability of wind turbines, control solutions trying to emulate synchronous machines have been proposed. While their performance in terms of frequency support is relatively good, they may trigger torsional oscillations, cause fatigue and damage in the drivetrain, and reduce its lifetime. In this paper, the torsional oscillations caused by a virtual synchronous machine (VSM)‐based frequency controller are illustrated, and methods for damping them are introduced. Two torsional oscillation damping methods are compared and combined to derive an improved method. Dynamic simulation results show better damping performance from the combined damping method.
Grundlegende semantische Aspekte der Ausdrücke
Authors: Neumair Phillip Alexander 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen einer lexikalisch-semantischen Untersuchung sind der Gebrauch und die Bedeutung des Ausdrucks Flüchtling als juristisch-politische Kategorie zu nennen. Rechte und Pflichten der Menschen, denen der Status als Flüchtling verliehen wird, werden im Asylgesetz und der Genfer Flüchtlingskonvention festgelegt, wobei beide juristische Schriften ein enges Raster anlegen, das der Realität von Flucht im Kontext der sog. Flüchtlingskrise nicht gerecht wird. Zudem liegt in Flüchtling eine „Lebensrolle“ vor, die sich im artikellosen Gebrauch in einfachen Nominalphrasen zeigt. Migrant_in erfährt im Gegensatz zu Flüchtling keine juristisch fixierte Bedeutung, gleichwohl politische Definitionen eine Rolle spielen. Sie kennzeichnen den Ausdruck als übergreifende Personenbezeichnung im Kontext unterschiedlicher Arten von Menschenmobilität. Ausgehend von einer Betrachtung des Ausdrucks Migrationshintergrund wird gezeigt, dass in allen drei Ausdrücken differenz-konstruierende, Othering reflektierende und vollziehende Konzepte vorliegen, die per se zwar nicht problematisch sind, es jedoch werden, wenn ihre gebildeten Kategorien zu einer umfassenden, allerklärenden Identifikation von Personen herangezogen werden. Geflüchtete_r wird als politisch korrekte Bezeichnung insbesondere als Alternative zu Flüchtling betrachtet, wobei sich die Argumente vor allem auf folgende Aspekte beziehen: das eine abwertende Funktion attestierte Suffix -ling in Flüchtling, die Möglichkeit, in Geflüchtete_r eine weibliche Form zu bilden, ein höheres attributives Potenzial von Geflüchtete_r sowie der perfektive Aspekt in Geflüchtete_r, der die Flucht als abgeschlossen konzeptualisiere.
Wissenssemantische Analyse: die evozierten Frames
Authors: Neumair Phillip Alexander 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie wissens- bzw. frame-semantische Analyse der Ausdrücke, wie sie im untersuchten Diskursausschnitt in Pressetexten gebraucht werden, zeigt: Steht der Ausdruck Geflüchtete_r in einem engen konzeptuellen wie sprachlichen Verhältnis zu dem zwar nicht unproblematisierbaren, jedoch zukunftsorientierten sowie konstruktiven Themenkomplex der Integration, kennzeichnen Flüchtling eine stärkere Passivität der bezeichneten Personen sowie, in Verbindung dazu, der Umgang politischer Akteur_innen mit ihnen. Die Analyse zweier politischer Reden zeigt jedoch, dass Flüchtling nicht per se eine negative Konnotation zugeschrieben werden sollte. So perspektiviert etwa Heiko Maas das Konzept hinsichtlich Chancen und Perspektiven in der Aufnahmegesellschaft und verbindet dies mit (einem Aufruf zu) politischen Handlungen. Ein zentraler Unterschied zwischen Geflüchtete_r und Flüchtling besteht darin, dass mit ersterer Bezeichnung weitaus häufiger auf Personen verwiesen wird, die sich bereits in Deutschland befinden. Migrant_in gleicht sich hinsichtlich des kognitiv-semantischen wie epistemischen Gehalts und auch quantitativ stark an Flüchtling an. Dies ist u. a. an dem Umstand zu erkennen, dass – trotz seinem Dasein als Sammelbegriff – der Ausdruck im Gros der Fälle auf Menschen referiert, deren Fluchtbewegung noch andauert. Dieses sich im Diskurs zur sog. Flüchtlingskrise sprachlich manifestierende Wissen – in der vorliegenden Studie evoziert durch die jeweiligen instantiierten oder token-Frames der Ausdrücke Flüchtling, Geflüchtete_r und Migrant_in – kann in Form von type-Frames zu den jeweiligen Konzepten abgebildet werden.
PP2A-Cdc55 phosphatase regulates actomyosin ring contraction and septum formation during cytokinesis
Authors: Moyano-Rodríguez Yolanda , Vaquero David , Vilalta-Castany Odena , Foltman Magdalena , Sanchez-Diaz Alberto , Queralt Ethel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEukaryotic cells divide and separate all their components after chromosome segregation by a process called cytokinesis to complete cell division. Cytokinesis is highly regulated by the recruitment of the components to the division site and through post-translational modifications such as phosphorylations. The budding yeast mitotic kinases Cdc28-Clb2, Cdc5, and Dbf2-Mob1 phosphorylate several cytokinetic proteins contributing to the regulation of cytokinesis. The PP2A-Cdc55 phosphatase regulates mitosis counteracting Cdk1- and Cdc5-dependent phosphorylation. This prompted us to propose that PP2A-Cdc55 could also be counteracting the mitotic kinases during cytokinesis. Here we show that in the absence of Cdc55, AMR contraction and the primary septum formation occur asymmetrically to one side of the bud neck supporting a role for PP2A-Cdc55 in cytokinesis regulation. In addition, by in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that PP2A-Cdc55 dephosphorylates the chitin synthase II (Chs2 in budding yeast) a component of the Ingression Progression Complexes (IPCs) involved in cytokinesis. Interestingly, the non-phosphorylable version of Chs2 rescues the asymmetric AMR contraction and the defective septa formation observed in cdc55∆ mutant cells. Therefore, timely dephosphorylation of the Chs2 by PP2A-Cdc55 is crucial for proper actomyosin ring contraction. These findings reveal a new mechanism of cytokinesis regulation by the PP2A-Cdc55 phosphatase and extend our knowledge of the involvement of multiple phosphatases during cytokinesis.
The subjective and objective very long-term outcomes of TVT in the COVID era: A 20-year follow-up
Authors: Braga Andrea , Caccia Giorgio , Papadia Andrea , Castronovo Fabiana , Salvatore Stefano , Scancarello Chiara , Torella Marco , Ghezzi Fabio , Serati Maurizio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Few studies in literature have assessed the long-term durability and mesh-related complications of mid-urethral slings (MUSs). The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of retro-pubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) 20 years after implantation for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted in two urogynaecologic units in two countries. All the patients involved were consecutive women with urodynamically proven pure SUI treated by TVT. The patients underwent preoperative clinical and urodynamic evaluations. Subjective outcomes, objective outcomes and adverse events were recorded during the follow-up period.

Results
Fifty-two patients underwent a TVT surgical procedure. Twenty years after surgery, 32 out of 36 patients (88.8%) declared themselves cured (p = 0.98). Similarly, 33 out of these 36 patients (91.7%) were objectively cured (p = 0.98). No significant deterioration of subjective and objective cure rates was observed over time (p for trend 0.50 and 0.48). Fifteen of the 36 patients (41.6%) at the 20-year follow-up reported the onset of de novo overactive bladder (OAB) (p = 0.004). No significant vaginal bladder or urethral erosion or de novo dyspareunia was recorded and no patient required tape release or resection during this period. The cause of death of seven out of ten women who died in the last year of the follow-up period was coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19).

Conclusions
The 20-year results of this study showed that TVT is a highly effective and safe option for the treatment of SUI. The impact of COVID 19 on the mortality rate of elderly women has drastically reduced the number of eligible patients for future evaluations in our region.
Low-entry-barrier point-of-care testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the population of Upper Austria from December 2020 until April 2021—a feasible surveillance strategy for post-pandemic monitoring?
Authors: Doppler Christian , Feischl Michael , Ganhör Clara , Puh Spela , Müller Marina , Kotnik Michaela , Mimler Teresa , Sonnleitner Max , Bernhard David , Wechselberger Christian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Already at the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, an extensive PCR and antigen testing strategy was considered necessary and subsequently also proved successful in order to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections on international and national levels. However, equally important will be the continuous monitoring of the seroprevalence status of populations from defined regions to detect—in a timely manner—any recurrence of infections or an eventual decline in antibody levels of vaccinated individuals, especially in the emerging post-pandemic situation. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in the federal state of Upper Austria (Austria) during the period of December 2020 until April 2021. To achieve this goal, we have analyzed anonymized data on the immune status of self-referral volunteers that have been determined at local pharmacies through a low-entry-barrier point-of-care analysis approach. The seroprevalence values for immunoglobulin type G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens obtained by rapid diagnostic testing on peripheral blood from volunteers reflect the current population-based estimates reported in the literature as well as the positivity rates detected by PCR-screening analyses. In conclusion, broad-based monitoring of IgG antibodies by means of a point-of-care testing network represents a valuable tool to assess the current immune situation within regionally defined populations.
Graphical abstract
Outcomes of clitoral reconstruction in women that experienced genital mutilation and/or genital cutting: 10 years of experience in the Netherlands
Authors: Karim Refaat Bari , Karim Disha Elizabeth Nihar Bari , Dekker Judith Johanna Maria Louise , Middelburg Maria Johanna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The empowerment of women that migrated from Africa and the Middle East to the Netherlands increased the awareness and demand for clitoral reconstruction in women that experienced genital mutilation and/or genital cutting (FGM/C). Our aim was to investigate the outcomes of FGM/C-corrective surgeries conducted over a 10-year period.

Methods
We recruited 72 patients with FGM/C from January 2010 to January 2021. All patients received counseling and underwent strict selection for surgery. Clitoroplasty was performed according to the Foldès technique. Patients were followed for a mean of 13 months. Surgery outcomes were evaluated with a questionnaire.

Results
Of 72 women recruited, 19 (26%) were unsuitable for clitoral reconstructive surgery, due to comorbidities that required prior treatment (n = 5), unrealistic expectations about the surgery outcome (n = 12), a desire for information only about the procedure (n = 2), a choice to treat only a Bartholin cyst (n = 1), or previous surgery for FGM/C (n = 1). As of January 2021, 45 patients had undergone surgery and were included in the present study. After surgery, we performed primary clitoroplasty. Postoperatively, we observed four minor complications. Among all 45 patients, 35 (76%) reported satisfaction with the treatment and improvements in self-respect. Four woman reported disappointment in the aesthetic results, but they were satisfied with the surgery. Six women were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions
After well-specified preoperative patient selection, clitoral reconstructive surgery led to a high patient satisfaction rate with minor surgical complications. Among patients that desire reconstruction, this surgery can be performed after careful counseling.
Level of evidence: Level IV, Risk/Prognostic study.
Intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging accelerates the coming of precision surgery in China
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , He Kunshan , Chi Chongwei , Hu Zhenhua , Tian Jie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeChina has the largest cancer population globally. Surgery is the main choice for most solid cancer patients. Intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) has shown its great potential in assisting surgeons in achieving precise resection. We summarized the typical applications of intraoperative FMI and several new trends to promote the development of precision surgery.MethodsThe academic database and NIH clinical trial platform were systematically evaluated. We focused on the clinical application of intraoperative FMI in China. Special emphasis was placed on a series of typical studies with new technologies or high-level evidence. The emerging strategy of combining FMI with other modalities was also discussed.ResultsThe clinical applications of clinically approved indocyanine green (ICG), methylene blue (MB), or fluorescein are on the rise in different surgical departments. Intraoperative FMI has achieved precise lesion detection, sentinel lymph node mapping, and lymphangiography for many cancers. Nerve imaging is also exploring to reduce iatrogenic injuries. Through different administration routes, these fluorescent imaging agents provided encouraging results in surgical navigation. Meanwhile, designing new cancer-specific fluorescent tracers is expected to be a promising trend to further improve the surgical outcome.ConclusionsIntraoperative FMI is in a rapid development in China. In-depth understanding of cancer-related molecular mechanisms is necessary to achieve precision surgery. Molecular-targeted fluorescent agents and multi-modal imaging techniques might play crucial roles in the era of precision surgery.