bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative In-vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Miliusa tomentosa
Authors: Shukla Nikhil Brijendra Kumar , Sharma Neeraj , Jain Shailesh 
Published: June 2022

Green medicine, the drugs derived from plants attained a wide spread interest, as believed to be safe and dependable, compared with costly synthetic drugs that have adverse effects. The present study aimed to analyze a comparative in vitro free radical scavenging and antimicrobial potentials of leaf hydroalcoholic extract fractions of Miliusatomentosa (Roxb.) J. Sinclair (M. tomentosa, Annonaceae) commonly known as hoom, kari.It is a large deciduous tree, growing up to 20 m tall and are given to children to cure the weakness in summer. The hydroalcoholicextract of leaves of M. tomentosa was studied for antioxidant activity on different in vitro models namely 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging method. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activities of plant extracts against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Bongori,Propionibacterium acnes), and fungus (Aspergillusflavus). In the investigated models, the extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging properties. For the DPPH technique, M. tomentosa leaves extract had an IC50 value of 335.92g/ml, which was close to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=17.68g/ml). The IC50 value for hydrogen peroxide was determined to be 96.42g/ml, which compares favourably to ascorbic acid (IC50=36.61g/ml). The IC50 value for nitric oxide was 105.87g/ml, which was close to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=24.63g/ml). The extracts exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microorganisms using standardampicilin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin and fluconazole (10-30μg/ml). The antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in term of millimeter (mm). The antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves against all microorganisms was concentration dependent but less than standard drug. On the basis of results obtained, it is suggested that both M. tomentosa leaves extracts may be a potential source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds to be used in the treatment of various oxidative disorders, infectious diseases caused by resistant microorganisms.
Thyroid and Extrathyroid Effects of Methimazole in Modeling Hypothyroidism with Different Doses of Antithyroid Drug: Morfofunctional Study
Authors: Kamilov F. Kh. , Kozlov V. N. , Abdullina G. M. , Ponomarev E. E. , Menshikova I. A. , Ganeev T. I. 
Published: June 2022

Aims: Methimazole (MMI) is widely used in experimental thyroidology. However, the effect on thyroid function can vary widely depending on the route of administration and doses of the antithyroid drug. In some cases, it is difficult to determine whether the results obtained are a manifestation of thyroid dysfunction or a direct toxic effect of xenobiotic. The aim of the study was to establish the optimal dose of methimazole for the induction of hypothyroidism with minimal toxic effects on tissues.
Study Design: The effect of various doses of methimazole administered intragastrically to rats on thyroid status, histological structure of thyroid, liver and kidney was studied.
Place and Duration of Study: Bashkir institute of Technology and Management (branch) of Moscow State University of Technology and Management n.a. K. G. Razumovsky, city of Meleuz, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia, 2018-2019.
Methodology: Experiments were conducted on 60 nonlinear white male rats intragastrically administered different doses of methimazole. To assess the thyroid status, the concentration of circulating thyroid hormones in blood plasma and body temperature rhythms were determined. Along with the indicators of thyroid status, morphological changes in the thyroid gland, liver and kidneys were compared in rats that were administered different doses of MMI.
Results: Hormonal profile of rats received MMI in the dose 2,5 mg/100 g of body weight. for 3 weeks revealed decrease in mean free T4 (10,8±2,14 against 16,2±0,57 in control, P<0,001), total T3 (3,12±0,57 against 2,36±0,19, P<0,001 with the increase of TSH (0, 12±0,01 against 1,96±0,18, P<0,001). The hypothyroid state in this group of animals is also confirmed by decrease in the arithmetic mean values of body temperature.
Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g of b. w. for 3 w. leads to the development of symptoms characteristic of endemic thyroid dysfunction, and is accompanied by minimal toxic effects on tissues.
Impact of Serum Vitamin D Levels on the Preterm Rupture of the Membrane in Pregnant Women. A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jahan Erum , Fatima Sabahat , Rashid Saiqa , Aleem Uzma Sabir , Saba Erum , Khan Ayesha Aleem 
Published: June 2022

Aim: To assess the association between premature rupture of membrane and maternal blood vitamin D levels.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College from April 2020 to April 2021.
Methodology: Over the duration of one year, a total of 100 patients with vitamin D levels, as well as obstetrical abnormalities and risk factors, were monitored. In 88 pregnant women, vitamin D deficiency was observed. Pregnant women who have a thyroid disorder, such as thyroiditis or Grave's disease, or who had calcium or parathyroid disease in the past, or who need cardiac medication therapy,& diuretic particularly calcium channel blockers were excluded from the study.
Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 88 pregnant women out of 100. It was more prevalent among housewives (86.36 percent) and multiparous women (68.0 percent). Pregnancy complications were present in 33.0 percent of cases such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and diabetes, and PROM was less prevalent in the deficient group.
Conclusion: Our data indicate that pregnant females are at a greater risk of Vitamin D deficiency, and associated pregnancy complications. The correlation between maternal vitamin D levels & preterm rupture of the membrane was not statistically significant.
Observation of Reverse Intersystem‐Crossing From the Upper‐Level Triplet to Lowest Singlet Excitons (T2→S1) in Tetra(t‐butyl)rubrene‐Based OLEDs for Enhanced Light‐Emission
Authors: Wang Ying , Ning Yaru , Wu Fengjiao , Chen Jing , Chen Xiaoli , Xiong Zuhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 25% has recently been reported from tetra(t‐butyl)rubrene (TBRb)‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but its physical origin is still vague. Herein, using the featured responses of the evolution processes of electron‐hole pairs to an external magnetic field, an unreported high‐level reverse intersystem‐crossing (HL‐RISC) from upper‐level triplet to lowest singlet excitons (T2→S1) is observed when T2 is well confined in the active layer of pure TBRb. This HL‐RISC channel becomes stronger with lowering operational temperatures because it is not an endothermic process. Due to the larger separation distance of TBRb molecules with four tert‐butyl groups, the intersystem‐crossing (ISC) process of polaron pairs is stronger than the singlet fission (SF) process existing in pure TBRb, which is markedly different from the behaviors of excited states in pure rubrene (Rb) with negligible ISC and strong SF. More importantly, HL‐RISC is stronger in TBRb than in Rb‐doped systems, which is consistent with the higher EQE frequently reported from TBRb‐doped OLEDs. Thus, this work deepens the physical understanding of microscopic processes in typical organic multi‐functional semiconductors of TBRb or Rb and paves the way for fabricating further high‐efficiency yellow OLEDs.
Single‐Crystal Capacitive Sensors with Micropatterned Electrodes via Space‐Confined Growth of the Metal–Organic Framework HKUST‐1
Authors: Xia Benzheng , Matavž Aleksander , Tu Min , Rubio‐Giménez Víctor , Tietze Max Lutz , Marreiros João , Ceyssens Frederik , Cresens Charlotte , Wauteraerts Nathalie , Kubarev Alexey , Kraft Michael , Ameloot Rob 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe polyhedral shape and fragile nature of single crystals of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) hinder their processing using standard microfabrication techniques. As a result, the fabrication of surface patterns and microelectrodes on MOF single crystals is challenging, which limits both the direct electrical interrogation of crystals in research and their integration into optical and electrical devices. Herein, a new strategy to readily fabricate surface‐embossed micropatterns and surface‐embedded gold electrodes on MOF single crystals using a space‐confined, one‐step solvothermal synthesis is demonstrated. This method is based on the confined growth of the MOF crystal around prefabricated metal patterns with different adhesion strengths to the growth surface, producing features as small as 5 µm. As a proof of concept, micropatterns are created on flat single crystals of the MOF HKUST‐1, exhibiting the function as a diffraction grating. Additionally, a single‐crystal HKUST‐1 capacitive gas sensor with surface‐embedded electrodes that serves as a stable platform for the investigation of ethanol diffusion in the MOF pores is fabricated. The space‐confined fabrication strategy is promising for the integration of fragile MOF single crystals in various optical and electrical devices.
A Dual‐Bioinspired Tissue Adhesive Based on Peptide Dendrimer with Fast and Strong Wet Adhesion
Authors: Zhu Haofang , Xu Guoming , He Yiyan , Mao Hongli , Kong Deling , Luo Kui , Tang Wenbo , Liu Rong , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough tissue adhesives have potential advantages over traditional sutures, existing ones suffer from several limitations: slow adhesion kinetic, low mechanical strength, and poor interfacial bonding with wet biological tissues. Herein, a cooperative mussel/slug double‐bioinspired hydrogel adhesive (DBHA) composed of a robust adhesive interface and a stretchable dissipative matrix is developed. The DBHA is formed by a cationic polysaccharide (chitosan), an anionic polysaccharide (carboxymethyl cellulose), and a barbell‐like dendritic lysine grafted with catechol groups (G3KPCA). Compared to various commercial bio‐glues and traditional adhesives, the DBHA has significantly stronger tissue adhesion and enhanced toughness both ex vivo and in vivo. Meanwhile, the DBHA exhibits fast, strong, tough, and durable adhesion to diverse ex vivo tissue surfaces with blood. The adhesion energy between the adhesive and porcine skin can reach 200–900 J m−2. Additionally, in vivo studies prove that DBHA has good hemostasis of rabbit artery trauma and achieves better wound healing of tissue incision than commercial bio‐glues. This study provides a novel strategy for fabricating fast and strong wet adhesives, which can be used in many applications, such as soft robots, tissue adhesives and hemostats.
Highly Selective Adsorption of Perfluorinated Greenhouse Gases by Porous Organic Cages
Authors: Tian Ke , Elbert Sven M. , Hu Xin‐Yue , Kirschbaum Tobias , Zhang Wen‐Shan , Rominger Frank , Schröder Rasmus R. , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnthropogenic greenhouse gases contribute to global warming. Among those gases, perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are thousands to tens of thousands of times more harmful to the environment than comparable amounts of carbon dioxide. To date, materials that selectively adsorb perfluorocarbons in favor of other less harmful gases have not been reported. Here, a series of porous organic cage compounds with alkyl‐, fluoroalkyl‐, and partially fluorinated alkyl groups is presented. Their isomorphic crystalline states allow the study of the structure–property relationship between the degree of fluorination of the alkyl chains and the gas sorption properties for PFCs and their selective uptakes in comparison to other, nonfluorinated gases. By this approach, one compound having superior selectivities of PFCs versus N2 or CO2 under ambient conditions is identified.
Self‐Healable, Self‐Repairable, and Recyclable Electrically Responsive Artificial Muscles
Authors: von Szczepanski Johannes , Danner Patrick M. , Opris Dorina M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractElastomers with high dielectric permittivity that self‐heal after electric breakdown and mechanical damage are important in the emerging field of artificial muscles. Here, a one‐step process toward self‐healable, silicone‐based elastomers with large and tunable permittivity is reported. Anionic ring‐opening polymerization of cyanopropyl‐substituted cyclic siloxanes yields elastomers with polar side chains. The equilibrated product is composed of networks, linear chains, and cyclic compounds. The ratio between the components varies with temperature and allows realizing materials with largely different properties. The silanolate end groups remain active, which is the key to self‐healing. Elastomeric behavior is observed at room temperature, while viscous flow dominates at higher temperatures (typically 80 °C). The elasticity is essential for reversible actuation and the thermoreversible softening allows for self‐healing and recycling. The dielectric permittivity can be increased to a maximum value of 18.1 by varying the polar group content. Single‐layer actuators show 3.8% lateral actuation at 5.2 V µm–1 and self‐repair after a breakdown, while damaged ones can be recycled integrally. Stack actuators reach an actuation strain of 5.4 ± 0.2% at electric fields as low as 3.2 V µm–1 and are therefore promising for applications as artificial muscles in soft robotics.
Multiscale downside risk interdependence between the major agricultural commodities
Authors: Živkov Dejan , Đurašković Jasmina , Gajić‐Glamočlija Marina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper measures pairwise multiscale extreme risk interdependence between the five major agricultural futures. This topic has economic importance for agricultural market participants because potentially high losses might occur due to the cross‐market extreme risk transmissions. Downside risk is observed via time‐varying Value‐at‐Risk time‐series, while the multiscale analysis is conducted using several wavelet approaches. Results of wavelet coherence show an absence of high interdependence in the short‐term horizons, while at higher wavelet scales, we find stronger connection only in some cases—corn–wheat, corn–soybean, wheat–soybean and somewhat corn–rice. High coherence islands are detected around the global financial crisis, but only in a few cases, which means that commodity financialization could play an important role when it comes to extreme risk. Wavelet correlations and wavelet‐based quantile regression support the wavelet coherence findings in great deal, adding to the robustness of the overall results. Phase difference indicates that bigger markets, such as corn, wheat, and soybean, mostly lead two smaller markets—rice and oats in the midterm and long‐term horizons, but a consistent and long‐lasting pattern is evident only between corn and soybean. An absence of a clear‐cut downside interdependence means that agricultural agents do not need to worry too much about the damaging extreme risk spillover effects from other neighboring agricultural markets. [EconLit Citations: C63, G32, Q14].
Formal β‐C−H Arylation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Cooperative Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Liu Kun , Studer Armido 
Published: June 2022

Abstractα‐C−H‐functionalization of ketones and aldehydes has been intensively explored in organic synthesis. The functionalization of unactivated β‐C−H bonds in such carbonyl compounds is less well investigated and developing a general method for their β‐C−H arylation remains challenging. Herein we report a method that uses cooperative nickel and photoredox catalysis for the formal β‐C−H arylation of aldehydes and ketones with (hetero)aryl bromides. The method features mild conditions, remarkable scope and wide functional group tolerance. Importantly, the introduced synthetic strategy also allows the β‐alkenylation, β‐alkynylation and β‐acylation of aldehydes under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation proceeds through a single electron oxidation/Ni‐mediated coupling/reductive elimination cascade.
Enantioselective Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkenes
Authors: Feng Sheng , Dong Yuyang , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe asymmetric hydroaminocarbonylation of olefins represents a straightforward approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched amides, but is hampered by the necessity to employ CO gas, often at elevated pressures. We herein describe, as an alternative, an enantioselective hydrocarbamoylation of alkenes leveraging dual copper hydride and palladium catalysis to enable the use of readily available carbamoyl chlorides as a practical carbamoylating reagent. The protocol is applicable to various types of olefins, including alkenyl arenes, terminal alkenes, and 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes. Substrates containing a diverse range of functional groups as well as heterocyclic substructures undergo functionalization to provide α‐ and β‐chiral amides in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
The effect of molecular structure on the properties of cationic polyacrylate and its flocculation‐flotation performance of oilfield oily wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhang Wenju , Wang Yongjun , Wang Xiujun , Wang Yifan , Zhang Xiaoyue , Xiong Yan , Duan Ming , Fang Shenwen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWith the increasing amount of oily wastewater produced in the offshore oilfield, more efficient air flotation agent is needed to be developed. Cationic polyacrylate with amphiphilic structure has been found to be a type of potential efficient air flotation agent. However, the effect of molecular structure on its properties and performance was lack of research. In this paper, copolymers with tertiary amine as side group were synthesized by copolymerization of ethyl acrylate (EA) and tertiary amine monomers, and then a series of cationic polyacrylates were prepared by quaternization of tertiary amine with quaternization reagent. The effects of tertiary amine monomer type (including dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DPM) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEM)), quaternization reagent type (including 3‐Chloro‐1,2‐Propanediol and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxytrimethylammonium chloride) and quaternization degree on the cationic polyacrylate properties and its flotation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that the flotation performance increased with the increasing hydrophilicity and cation degree of the hydrophilic unit in the cationic polyacrylate. When the tertiary amine monomer was DPM, quaternization reagent was 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxytrimethylammonium chloride, and theoretical quaternization degree was 100%, the oil removal of product PE‐M‐1.0 was the highest. When PE‐M‐1.0 dosage was 50 mg/L, gas flow was 1 L/min, flotation time was 10 min, its oil removal rate was higher than 95% in the range of 20‑60°C. The results of zeta potential measurement and microfluidic experiment showed that PE‐M‐1.0 can increase the size of oil droplets by destroying the electric double layer on the surface of oil droplets and maintain the stability of bubbles, which was helpful for the improve of gas bubble‐oil droplet collision probability and adhesion efficiency.
A Bis‐heteroleptic Imidazolium‐bipyridine Functionalized Iridium(III) Complex for Fluorescence Lifetime‐based Recognition and Sensing of Phosphates
Authors: Rashid Ambreen , Mondal Sahidul , Mondal Subal , Ghosh Pradyut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new IrIII based 3,3′‐([2,2′‐bipyridine]‐5,5′‐diylbis(methylene))bis(1‐ethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium) functionalized receptor Ir‐1 has been synthesized for selective recognition, sensing and as a lifetime based sensor for H2PO4− and HP2O73− in acetonitrile. An increase in the lifetime (τ) from 0.03543 μs to 0.2736 μs and 0.1323 μs in the presence of H2PO4− and HP2O73−, respectively, among all other competitive anions establishes Ir‐1 as a simple lifetime‐based sensor. Furthermore, 13.7‐ and 8.5‐fold enhancement in PL intensities of Ir‐1 along with blue‐shifting is seen with H2PO4− and HP2O73−, respectively. High selectivity of Ir‐1 for these two ions even in the presence of a large excess of other anions also displayed sensitive detection (LOD=0.035 μM for HP2O73− and 0.040 μM for H2PO4−). NMR data further suggest that the recognition of phosphates by Ir‐1 is occurring through C−H⋅⋅⋅phosphate hydrogen bond (HB) interaction.
Influence of the substrate to inoculum ratio on the methane yield from the batch anaerobic digestion of river tamarind (Leucaena leucocephala) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)
Authors: Holder Nikolai , Mota‐Meira Marilaine , Born Jens , Sutrina Sarah L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe substrate to inoculum ratio (SIR) is an often overlooked parameter in the determination of the methane potential of a substrate.In this article we highlight the importance of the SIR, in the determination of the biochemical methane potential of two substrates, Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and river tamarind (Leucaena leucocephala). Additionally, the results of this method not only give the specific methane potential, but also the optimum substrate to inoculum ratio, which is an important parameter for bioreactor start‐up.The specific methane volumes of the two substrates are, 148 mL/gDM and 250 mL/gDM for the river tamarind and Guinea grass, respectively, with optimum substrate to inoculum ratios of 0.055 and 0.035, respectively. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ambiguity attitudes in qualitative contexts: The role of prior beliefs
Authors: White Joshua P. , Perfors Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMost studies of ambiguity aversion rely on experimental paradigms involving monetary bets. Thus, the extent to which ambiguity aversion occurs outside of such contexts is much less understood, particularly when the situation cannot easily be reduced to numerical terms. The present work seeks to understand whether people prefer to avoid ambiguous decisions in a variety of different qualitative domains (e.g., work, family, love, friendship, exercise, study, and health), and, if so, to determine the role played by prior beliefs in those domains. Across three studies, we presented participants with 24 vignettes and measured the degree to which they preferred risk to ambiguity in each. We also asked them for their prior probability estimates about the likely outcomes in the ambiguous events. Ambiguity aversion was observed in the vast majority of vignettes, but at different magnitudes. It was predicted by whether the vignette involved gain or loss as well as by people's prior beliefs; however, the heterogeneity between people meant that the role of prior beliefs was only evident in an individual‐level analysis (i.e., not at the group level). Our results suggest that the desire to avoid ambiguity occurs in a wide variety of qualitative contexts but to different degrees for different people and may be partially driven by unfavorable prior estimates of the likely outcomes of the ambiguous events.