bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean Serum Level of C-reactive protein in Moderate and Severe Acne Patients
Authors: Armughan Muhammad , Bano Shazia , Ahmed Hafiz Bashir , Lal Deepa Mohan , Bukhsh Gurgez Karim , Ansari Muhammad Asif 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the mean serum level of C-reactive protein in moderate and severe acne patients visiting to a tertiary care hospital.
Setting and Duration Study: This study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan, from November 3, 2020 to May 2, 2021.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of dermatology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, from November 3, 2020 to May 2, 2021. An inform consent was also taken prior to the enrolment of patients in the study. The selected participants were referred to the laboratory for hypersensitive-CRP (Hs-CRP) measurement. All the patients of any gender, aged between 16 to 40 years associated with moderate and severe acne duration of more than 3 months were included in this study. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification of age, gender, duration of acne, and severity of acne (moderate / severe) and these stratified groups were compared by applying independent sample t-test by using P ≤ 0.05 as significant.
Results: Mean ± SD of age was 22.7±5.3 years. Mean ± SD of C-reactive protein was 4.15±1.2 (μg/ml). In distribution of gender, out of 56 patients, 30 (53.6%) were male while 26 (46.4%) were female. Out of 56 patients 21 (37.5%) had moderate acne vulgaris while 35 (62.5%) had severe Acne vulgaris.
Conclusion: It is to be concluded that mean serum level of C-reactive protein in severe acne patients was high as compared to moderate acne patients. Epidemiological and research data should be expanded by further studies to validate the current findings.
An Overview on Nano Niosomes: As an Optimistic Drug Delivery System in Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Jawale Jyoti K. , Kashikar Vushali S. 
Published: April 2022

Targeted drug-delivery systems are used for the administration of pharmaceutical medicament enables the localization of drugs to diseased sites. Different types of drug-delivery systems uses carriers, like immunoglobulins, serum proteins, synthetic polymers, liposomes, nanoparticle and microspheres. Niosomes are an emerging type of novel vesicular systems. Now they are being fervent explored as potential carriers for targeted drug delivery. In addition to conventional, oral, and parenteral routes, they are liable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal, and inhalation routes. Nano-niosomes are non-ionic surfactants based vesicles that are biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, more stable and inexpensive than liposomes. Other component, such as cholesterol, can be used to give the rigidity to the niosomes structure. The unique vesicular structure of niosomes, with their bilayer lamellae assembled by nonionic surfactants, is able to increase the bioavailability of a drug to a predetermined area for a period. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs. These nonionic vesicular carriers not only transport the pharmacological agents to target site or disease site, avoiding normal tissues and reducing toxicity in the rest of the body, but also protect drugs from degradation, increase the half-life, payload and solubility of drug and reduce renal clearance. This present review describe overview of niosomes formulation aspects, structure, types of niosomes, advantages, and disadvantages, method of preparation as well as some general observations on niosomes.
Drusus the Younger (Drusus Iulius Caesar)
Authors: Westphal Heiko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Drusus the Younger (14
bce
–23
ce
) was the son of Tiberius and his first wife, Vipsania Agrippina. Like his cousin Germanicus, Drusus enjoyed an accelerated political career. He celebrated military successes in Illyricum (for which he was awarded an
ovatio
) and died shortly after receiving the
tribunicia potestas
.
Hierarchical Assembly and Sensing Activity of Patterned Graphene‐Hamilton Receptor Nanostructures
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Zhao Baolin , Ali Muhammad , Assebban Mhamed , Yang Bowen , Kohring Malte , Ryndyk Dmitry , Heine Thomas , Weber Heiko B. , Halik Marcus , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructuring distinct building blocks on graphene can open enormous opportunities for constructing well‐ordered hierarchical 2D architectures and multifunctional devices useful in numerous practical applications. However, such highly integrated graphene nanostructures featuring functional building blocks remain elusive and the reported graphene 2D‐patterning examples are up to now limited to small addends without easily accessible anchor points. Herein, the first realization of patterning extensible building blocks on graphene is presented, in which Hamilton receptor units as characteristic motifs are efficiently patterned onto monolayer graphene by combining the mask‐assisted patterning technique and the reductive K/Na activation/functionalization of graphene. This further enables, for the first time, a hierarchical assembly of nanoparticles on graphene, by taking advantage of the hydrogen‐bond mediated binding between the Hamilton receptors structured on graphene and cyanurate moieties bound on TiO2 nanoparticles. The grafting of nanoparticles on graphene is fully reversible upon breakage of the supramolecular interaction within the Hamilton receptor/cyanurate pair by acetone. The structure and stability of Hamilton receptors on graphene and their interaction with cyanurate are confirmed by theoretical calculations. Moreover, the integration of this graphene nanostructure with Hamilton receptors into field‐effect transistors allows for an ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of cyanurate/barbiturate moiety down to the 1 × 10−6 m level.
A Facile Liquid Alloy Wetting Enhancing Strategy on Super‐Hydrophobic Lotus Leaves for Plant‐Hybrid System Implementation
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , Fei Wenjie , Pu Menghao , Chai Zhiping , Wu Zhigang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlant‐hybrid systems have demonstrated exciting opportunities in plant health sensing, climate monitoring, and energy harvesting, endowing great prospects for connecting plants to man‐made digitalized world. Due to its intrinsic softness/stretchability, biocompatibility, and non‐invasion, liquid alloy has shown great advantages in plant‐hybrid system implementation. However, many widely seen plant organisms having micro‐nano surface structures and waxy layer, e.g., lotus leaves, showing super‐hydrophobic behavior, prevent the liquid alloy adhesion and further its implementation of plant‐hybrid systems. By introducing a low‐concentration soap solution as an intermediate layer onto super‐hydrophobic leaves, the authors thereby propose a facile liquid alloy wetting enhancing strategy and well print liquid alloy circuits on the leaves to form plant‐hybrid systems. Surfactants (in the soap) enhance the wetting ability of solution on the lotus leaf surface, and subsequently the attracted water on the leaf surface contributes to make liquid alloy adhered on super‐hydrophobic leaves. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate the liquid alloy plant‐hybrid implementation based on the lotus leaves for the perception of human body, and set a system as a home intrusion alarm. This work presents an excellent example of digitalized integration on super‐hydrophobic plant organisms, which provides a new tool technology for plant‐hybrid implementations and broadens the digitalized application range of plants.
Elastomeric Optical Waveguides by Extrusion Printing
Authors: Feng Jun , Zheng Yijun , Jiang Qiyang , Włodarczyk‐Biegun Małgorzata K. , Pearson Samuel , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAdvances in optogenetics and the increasing use of implantable devices for therapies and health monitoring are driving demand for compliant, biocompatible optical waveguides and scalable methods for their manufacture. Molding, thermal drawing, and dip‐coating are the most prevalent approaches in recent literature. Here the authors demonstrate that extrusion printing at room temperature can be used for continuous fabrication of compliant optical waveguides with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) core and crosslinked Pluronic F127‐diacrylate (Pluronic‐DA) cladding. The optical fibers are printed from fluid precursor inks and stabilized by physical interactions and photoinitiated crosslinking in the Pluronic‐DA. The printed fibers show optical loss values of 0.13–0.34 dB cm–1 in air and tissue within the wavelength range of 405–520 nm. The fibers have a Young's Modulus (Pluronic cladding) of 150 kPa and can be stretched to more than 5 times their length. The optical loss of the fibers shows little variation with extension. This work demonstrates how printing can simplify the fabrication of compliant and stretchable devices from materials approved for clinical use. These can be of interest for optogenetic or photopharmacology applications in extensible tissues, like muscles or heart.
Transient Structural Colors with Magnesium‐Based Reflective Filters
Authors: Lyu Peifen , Gong Tao , Rebello Sousa Dias Mariama , Leite Marina S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractStructural color filters have recently blossomed as a superior alternative to organic dyes or chemical pigments owing to their remarkable durability and compactness. With appropriate design, nanostructure‐induced photonic or plasmonic resonance modes can give rise to either enhancement in transmission or suppression in the reflection within specific wavelength ranges in the optical regime, generating distinctive colors. However, the static optical properties due to fixed structural geometry and size after fabrication hinder their deployment in many cutting‐edge technologies requiring adaptive complexion changes. Here, a multilayer thin film‐based color filter incorporating Mg and MgO, earth‐abundant and biodegradable materials, is devised. The devices display vivid hues spanning a broad gamut via the control of the film thickness. They also exhibit minimal color changes with varying angle views up to 40°–50°. Moreover, the tones fade away instantly upon immersion in water and then progressively transition to a different hue with the complete removal of the Mg‐containing layers, realizing transient color responses. This approach holds great promise for alternative pixels with irreversible color‐change capability as well as zero‐power consumption and low cost, while making use of biodegradable materials.
Architecting Braided Porous Carbon Fibers Based on High‐Density Catalytic Crystal Planes to Achieve Highly Reversible Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Li Chuanqi , Zhang Zhijia , Chen Yuefang , Xu Xiaoguang , Zhang Mengmeng , Kang Jianli , Liang Rui , Chen Guoxin , Lu Huanming , Yu Zhenyang , Li Wei‐Jie , Wang Nan , Huang Qin , Zhang Delin , Chou Shu‐Lei , Jiang Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbonaceous materials are considered strong candidates as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), which are expected to play an indispensable role in the carbon‐neutral era. Herein, novel braided porous carbon fibres (BPCFs) are prepared using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. The BPCFs possess interwoven porous structures and abundant vacancies. The growth mechanism of the BPCFs can be attributed to the polycrystalline transformation of the nanoporous copper catalyst in the early stage of CVD process. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the Na+ adsorption energies of the mono‐vacancy edges of the BPCFs (−1.22 and −1.09 eV) are lower than that of an ideal graphene layer (−0.68 eV), clarifying in detail the adsorption‐dominated sodium storage mechanism. Hence, the BPCFs as an anode material present an outstanding discharge capacity of 401 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 500 cycles. Remarkably, this BPCFs anode, under high‐mass‐loading of 5 mg cm−2, shows excellent long‐term cycling ability with a reversible capacity of 201 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 over 1000 cycles. This study provided a novel strategy for the development of high‐performance carbonaceous materials for SIBs.
Eliminating Leakage Current in Thin‐Film Transistor of Solution‐Processed Organic Material Stack for Large‐Scale Low‐Power Integration
Authors: Han Lei , Li Jun , Ogier Simon , Liu Zhe , Deng Li'ang , Cao Yu , Shan Tong , Sharkey Dan , Feng Linrun , Guo Aiying , Li Xifeng , Zhang Jianhua , Guo Xiaojun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFor organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) made of solution processed stacks of organic semiconductor and dielectric materials, it is a grand challenge to eliminate the leakage current paths. With a top‐gate bottom‐contact structure, this work introduces a strong dipole interfacial layer made of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) molecules at metal‐semiconductor contacts to suppress minority carrier injection for low leakage and stable operation, while not affecting majority carrier injection. Both gate insulator (GI) leakage and parasitic leakage in the device architecture are also effectively suppressed with a sputtering‐resistant polymer GI layer and photolith patterned OSC islands, respectively. The devices present a decent mobility with a typical value of 1.98 cm2 V–1 s–1, record‐low leakage current at 10–18 A µm−1 and large ON/OFF ratio (>1010) in a wide gate voltage range (100 V), reaching the theoretical limit and also the best level of inorganic counterparts despite much lower processing temperature (120 °C). Manufacturability of the material stack is verified on a 200 mm × 200 mm substrate and the fabricated 4.7 in. active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode display, integrating more than 150 000 OTFTs, can be operated at ultra‐low frame‐rate (0.1 Hz) for power saving.
Synergistic Approach for Decarboxylative Ortho C−H Aroylation of 2‐Aryl‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones and Thiazolopyrimidinones by Merging Palladium Catalysis with Photocatalysis
Authors: Bhawale Rajesh T. , Sarothiya Durgesh , Kshirsagar Umesh A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA mild and efficient synergistic approach for decarboxylative aroylation of 2‐aryl‐pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐ones having intrinsic directing group has been developed by merging of palladium catalysis and photoredox catalysis at room temperature. Therapeutically interesting aryl ketones of pyrido[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4‐one have been synthesized in good to excellent yield with good functional group tolerance.
Effects of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy on Osteoblastic Activity at Sites of Inflammatory and Structural Lesions in Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Prospective Proof‐of‐Concept Study Using Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Sacroiliac Joints and Spine
Authors: Bruckmann Nils Martin , Rischpler Christoph , Tsiami Styliani , Kirchner Julian , Abrar Daniel B. , Bartel Timo , Theysohn Jens , Umutlu Lale , Herrmann Ken , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Buchbender Christian , Antoch Gerald , Sawicki Lino M. , Tsobanelis Athanasios , Braun Juergen , Baraliakos Xenofon 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveProof‐of‐concept trial to determine the effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) therapy on osteoblastic activity at sites of inflammatory and structural lesions in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), using fluorine 18–labeled NaF (18F‐NaF) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI).MethodsSixteen patients with clinically active radiographic axial SpA were prospectively enrolled to receive TNFi treatment and undergo 18F‐NaF PET/MRI of the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spine at baseline and at a follow‐up visit 3–6 months after treatment initiation. Three readers (1 for PET/MRI and 2 for conventional MRI) evaluated all images, blinded to time point. Bone marrow edema, structural lesions (i.e., fat lesions, sclerosis, erosions, and ankylosis), and 18F‐NaF uptake at SI joint quadrants and vertebral corners (VCs) were recorded.ResultsOverall, 11 male and 5 female patients (mean age ± SD 38.6 ± 12.0 years) were followed up for a mean duration of 4.6 months (range 3–6). 18F‐NaF PET/MRI was conducted on SI joints for 16 patients and the spine for 10; 128 SI joint quadrants and 920 VCs were analyzed at each time point. At baseline, 18F‐NaF uptake was demonstrated in 96.0% of SI joint quadrants with bone marrow edema, 94.2% with sclerosis, and 88.3% with fat lesions. At follow‐up, 65.3% of SI joint quadrants with bone marrow edema (P < 0.001), 33.8% with sclerosis (P = 0.23), and 24.5% with fat lesions (P = 0.01) had less 18F‐NaF uptake, compared with baseline. For VCs, 18F‐NaF uptake at baseline was found in 81.5% of edges with sclerosis, 41.9% with fat lesions, and 33.7% with bone marrow edema. At follow‐up, 73.5% of VCs with bone marrow edema (P = 0.01), 53.3% with fat lesions (P = 0.03), and 55.6% with sclerosis (P = 0.16) showed less 18F‐NaF uptake, compared with baseline.ConclusionAnti‐TNF antibody treatment led to a significant decrease in osteoblastic activity within 3–6 months, especially, but not solely, at sites of inflammation. Larger data sets are needed for confirmation of the antiosteoblastic effects of TNFi for the prevention of radiographic progression in axial SpA.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of penindolone in rat plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Shuai , Gai Susu , Han Gaitian , Jiang Yilin , Li Bohan , Li Dehai , Yang Shuang , Lv Zhihua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPenindolone (PND) is a novel influenza A virus dual inhibitor that blocks hemagglutinin‐mediated adsorption and membrane fusion. A sensitive and specific ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine PND in rat plasma. Plasma sample preparation was a simple deproteinization with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile–water containing 0.1% formic acid. Detection was carried out by electrospray ionization in negative ion multiple reaction monitoring mode. Linear detection responses were obtained for PND ranging from 1 to 1,000 ng/ml. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision (relative standard deviations, RSD) were within 6.5%, and accuracy (relative error, RE) was within ±11.0%. The extraction recovery data for PND and internal standard (IS) were >96.0%. PND was proved to be stable during the sample storage, preparation and analytic procedures. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies for PND in rats. The results showed the existence of twin peaks, gender difference and nonlinear pharmacokinetics for PND. In addition, two oxidation metabolites and three glucuronidation metabolites of PND were detected by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry.
Direct Measurements of the Cobalt‐Thiolate Bonds Strength in Rubredoxin by Single‐Molecule Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Shengchao , Wu Tao , Zheng Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCobalt is a trace transition metal. Although it is not abundant on earth, tens of cobalt‐containing proteins exist in life. Moreover, the characteristic spectrum of Co(II) ion makes it a powerful probe for the characterization of metal‐binding proteins through the formation of cobalt‐ligand bonds. Since most of these natural and artificial cobalt‐containing proteins are stable, we believe that these cobalt‐ligand bonds in the protein system are also mechanically stable. To prove this, we used atomic force microscopy‐based single‐molecule force spectroscopy (AFM‐SMFS) to directly measure the rupture force of Co(II)‐thiolate bond in Co‐substituted rubredoxin (CoRD). By combining the chemical denature/renature method for building metalloprotein and cysteine coupling‐based polyprotein construction strategy, we successfully prepared the polyprotein sample (CoRD)n suitable for single‐molecule studies. Thus, we quantified the strength of Co(II)‐thiolate bonds in rubredoxin with a rupture force of ∼140 pN, revealing that it is a mechanostable chemical bond. In addition, the Co−S bond is more labile than the Zn−S bond in proteins, similar to the result from the metal‐competing titration experiment.
A little leak goes a long way! 5‐Year‐outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Inci Errol , Block Peter C 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMild paravalvular leak after TAVR is associated with increased 5‐year mortality. Current noninvasive and invasive prediction models for mortality may only hold for short term outcomes. Other imaging modalities aside from transthoracic echocardiography should be strongly considered when assessing paravalvular leak, regardless of severity
TMVR: Early benefits, late questions
Authors: Eng Marvin H. , Fang H. Kenith 
Published: April 2022

Key Points
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) appears to have better early survival compared to surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR).
Over the long‐term, TMVR has attenuated survival compared to SMVR and this attributed to advanced age, chronic lung disease, more advanced heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.
Low rates of mortality for TMVR are likely linked to the iterative improvement in techniques to use transseptal access for implantation.
Therapeutic drug level of tacrolimus causing intracranial hemorrhage in a patient with renal transplant
Authors: Shah Sangam , Ojha Rajeev , Chamlagain Rajan , Chhetri Santosh , Prasad Pravin , Baral Bikash , Gyawali Bindu , Shrestha Ashish , Yadav Jayant Kumar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTacrolimus is used in solid organ transplant patients to prevent rejection, and no case of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been reported till date. We report a case of 31‐year‐old man with diabetes and hypertension for ten years who had a renal transplant four years back; diagnosed with tacrolimus‐induced ICH.