bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field‐Free Spin‐Orbit Torque Switching of Perpendicular Magnetization by Making Full Use of Spin Hall Effect
Authors: Song Yuhang , Dai Zhiming , Liu Long , Wu Jinxiang , Li Tingting , Zhao Xiaotian , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhidong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractField‐free switching is a critical issue for spin‐orbit torque‐induced magnetic random‐access memory (SOT‐MRAM) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropic (PMA) towards application. If only the spin‐polarized electrons along the y‐direction (σy) are used, deterministic switching cannot be achieved, as the electron polarization direction and easy magnetization direction are orthogonal. In this work, z‐direction polarized electrons (σz) produced by the spin Hall effect are utilized to provide the switching direction and σy provides the propulsion of magnetic reorientation. With the cooperation of σy and σz by the spin Hall effect, field‐free switching is achieved. To combine with magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), a model is proposed, in which heavy metals providing σz are deposited on MTJ with asymmetric writing line widths. This model retains the characteristics of read‐write separation and realizes deterministic switching based on SOT.
Effect of potassium application rate on cotton growth and yield under irrigated and dryland conditions
Authors: Denton Savana , Dodds Darrin , Krutz Jason , Varco Jac , Gore Jeff , Raper Tyson , Cox Michael , Dhillon Jagman 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPotassium (K) deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown on soils with adequate soil test K levels has become more prevalent. Field experiments were conducted with or without irrigation as the main plot and K fertilizer rates as subplot treatments. Granular K was applied preseason at rates of 0, 45, 90, 134, 179, and 224 kg K ha−1. Two in‐season foliar K programs applied a total of either 2.8 or 5.6 kg K ha−1 were included to compare against the check. Experiments were set up on two distinct soil mapping units (SMUs) in Starkville, MS, including a Leeper silty clay loam (LSCL; fine, smectitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) and a Marietta fine sandy loam (MFSL; fine‐loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts). Response variables collected include lint yield and fiber quality, leaf K concentrations, and cotton growth and development parameters. Across all years of the experiment, LSCL lint yields increased at a rate of 41 and 118 kg ha−1 per 45 kg K ha−1 under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. On the MFSL, lint yield increase was not significant for either rainfed or irrigated conditions. Leaf K concentrations at first bloom and 4 weeks after first bloom responded quadratically to K rate, with peak leaf K concentrations occurring between 134 and 179 kg K ha−1. Differences in cotton growth parameters were observed; however, differences were likely physiologically insignificant. For all parameters, foliar K application programs did not differ from the untreated check. This investigation showed that foliar K application alone are insufficient, and responses to granular K and irrigation were dependent on SMUs.
Policy reform and farmers' heterogeneous response: Measuring the income effects of corn price shocks
Authors: Zheng Zhihao , Gao Yang , Henneberry Shida R. , Nayga Rodolfo M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe measure the impacts of the corn price shocks caused by the corn‐procurement policy reform on the incomes of corn producers of different scales in the respective supply response states, using a balanced panel dataset from household surveys from 2015 to 2016 in Heilongjiang province of China. The results from the specification accounting for the response heterogeneity show that the substantial fall in corn prices had a significant negative impact on the incomes of the large and medium farms that chose to reduce corn acreage and of the large farms that chose to abandon corn planting. In contrast, the results from the specification ignoring the response heterogeneity indicate that the corn price shocks had a significant negative impact on the incomes of all large corn‐producing farms. The results confirm our proposition that the supply response state and the initial operation scale are responsible for whether a corn producer is hurt by a fall in corn prices. The findings suggest that it matters to take the response heterogeneity into account in correctly determining the differential effects of a price shock on farmers' incomes. [EconLit Citations: D31, Q12, Q18].
Leukocyte surface biomarkers implicate deficits of innate immunity in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Huang Xin , Li Yihan , Fowler Christopher , Doecke James D. , Lim Yen Ying , Drysdale Candace , Zhang Vicky , Park Keunha , Trounson Brett , Pertile Kelly , Rumble Rebecca , Pickering John W. , Rissman Robert A. , Sarsoza Floyd , Abdel‐Latif Sara , Lin Yong , Doré Vincent , Villemagne Victor , Rowe Christopher C. , Fripp Jurgen , Martins Ralph , Wiley James S. , Maruff Paul , Mintzer Jacobo E. , Masters Colin L. , Gu Ben J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionBlood‐based diagnostics and prognostics in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) are important for identifying at‐risk individuals for therapeutic interventions.MethodsIn three stages, a total of 34 leukocyte antigens were examined by flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.ResultsWe identified leukocyte markers differentially expressed in the patients with AD. Pathway analysis revealed a complex network involving upregulation of complement inhibition and downregulation of cargo receptor activity and Aβ clearance. A proposed panel including four leukocyte markers – CD11c, CD59, CD91, and CD163 – predicts patients’ PET Aβ status with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93 (0.88 to 0.97). CD163 was the top performer in preclinical models. These findings have been validated in two independent cohorts.ConclusionOur finding of changes on peripheral leukocyte surface antigens in AD implicates the deficit in innate immunity. Leukocyte‐based biomarkers prove to be both sensitive and practical for AD screening and diagnosis.
Mechanistische Charakterisierung und Engineering der Sesterviolen‐Synthase aus Streptomyces violens
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDie Sesterviolen‐Synthase aus Streptomyces violens wurde identifiziert und repräsentiert die zweite bekannte Sesterterpen‐Synthase aus Bakterien. Es wurden Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente in Verbindung mit DFT‐Rechnungen durchgeführt, die detaillierte Einblicke in ihren komplexen Cyclisierungsmechanismus lieferten. Enzym‐Engineering durch ortsgerichtete Mutagenese ermöglichte den Zugang zu einer hochergiebigen Enzymvariante, die sechs zusätzliche Nebenprodukte und das Hauptprodukt in ausreichenden Mengen lieferte, um seine Chemie zu untersuchen.
Mechanistic Characterisation and Engineering of Sesterviolene Synthase from Streptomyces violens
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe sesterviolene synthase from Streptomyces violens was identified and represents the second known sesterterpene synthase from bacteria. Isotopic labelling experiments in conjunction with DFT calculations were performed that provided detailed insight into its complex cyclisation mechanism. Enzyme engineering through site‐directed mutagenesis gave access to a high‐yielding enzyme variant that provided six additional minor products and the main product in sufficient quantities to study its chemistry.
Performance of minerals and crystallization properties of synthetic slags with various CaO/MgO in slagging gasifiers
Authors: Wang Jiajian , Liu Xia , Raheem Abdul , Cao Xi , Wei Juntao , Wu Hao , Yu Guangsuo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe fluidity of coal ash slag at high temperatures is an important factor that determines its applicability and operating conditions in entrained flow gasification. In this study, six synthetic slags with different CaO/MgO rations were prepared to study their effect on slag fluidity. The results showed that the flow temperature of slags decreased first and then increased with the decrease of CaO/MgO ratio. When the slag had a high or low CaO/MgO ratio, or when the contents of CaO and MgO in the slag were similar, the homogeneous slag showed a lower viscosity. The crystallization tendency of Ca was stronger than that of Mg. During cooling, slags with high or low CaO/MgO ratio showed obvious crystallization tendency, and formation of crystals would lead to a sharp increase in slag viscosity, so that the temperature of critical viscosity of slags decreased first and then increased with the decrease of CaO/MgO ratio.
2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR Classification Criteria for Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Ponte Cristina , Grayson Peter C. , Robson Joanna C. , Suppiah Ravi , Gribbons Katherine Bates , Judge Andrew , Craven Anthea , Khalid Sara , Hutchings Andrew , Watts Richard A. , Merkel Peter A. , Luqmani Raashid A. ,   for the DCVAS Study Group
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo develop and validate updated classification criteria for giant cell arteritis (GCA).MethodsPatients with vasculitis or comparator diseases were recruited into an international cohort. The study proceeded in 6 phases: 1) identification of candidate items, 2) prospective collection of candidate items present at the time of diagnosis, 3) expert panel review of cases, 4) data‐driven reduction of candidate items, 5) derivation of a points‐based risk classification score in a development data set, and 6) validation in an independent data set.ResultsThe development data set consisted of 518 cases of GCA and 536 comparators. The validation data set consisted of 238 cases of GCA and 213 comparators. Age ≥50 years at diagnosis was an absolute requirement for classification. The final criteria items and weights were as follows: positive temporal artery biopsy or temporal artery halo sign on ultrasound (+5); erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥50 mm/hour or C‐reactive protein ≥10 mg/liter (+3); sudden visual loss (+3); morning stiffness in shoulders or neck, jaw or tongue claudication, new temporal headache, scalp tenderness, temporal artery abnormality on vascular examination, bilateral axillary involvement on imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography activity throughout the aorta (+2 each). A patient could be classified as having GCA with a cumulative score of ≥6 points. When these criteria were tested in the validation data set, the model area under the curve was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.88–0.94) with a sensitivity of 87.0% (95% CI 82.0–91.0%) and specificity of 94.8% (95% CI 91.0–97.4%).ConclusionThe 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR GCA classification criteria are now validated for use in clinical research.
On the modeling of dependence between univariate Lévy wear processes and impact on the reliability function
Authors: Mercier Sophie , Verdier Ghislain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnivariate Lévy processes have become quite common in the reliability literature for modeling accumulative deterioration. In case of correlated deterioration indicators, several possibilities have been suggested for modeling their dependence. The point of this article is the study of three different dependence models: use of a regular copula, superposition of independent univariate Lévy processes and use of a Lévy copula. The three methods are first presented and analyzed. In this way, it is shown that the multivariate process constructed through an ordinary copula cannot have independent increments in general, that is, it is not a Lévy process. The impact of a wrong choice for the model is next explored, based on data simulated from one model and next adjusted to all three models. It is shown that a wrong model can lead to either overestimate or underestimate the reliability function, which could be problematic in an application context.
Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations during resting state fMRI in autistic children
Authors: Karavallil Achuthan Smitha , Coburn Kelly L. , Beckerson Meagan E. , Kana Rajesh K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractResting state fMRI (rs‐fMRI) provides an excellent platform for examining the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF), which are key indices of brain functioning. However, ALFF and fALFF have been used only sporadically to study autism. rs‐fMRI data from 69 children (40 autistic, mean age = 8.47 ± 2.20 years; age range: 5.2 to 13.2; and 29 non‐autistic, mean age = 9.02 ± 1.97 years; age range 5.9 to 12.9) were obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE II). ALFF and fALFF were measured using CONN connectivity toolbox and SPM12, at whole‐brain & network‐levels. A two‐sampled t‐test and a 2 Group (autistic, non‐autistic) × 7 Networks ANOVA were conducted to test group differences in ALFF and fALFF. The whole‐brain analysis identified significantly reduced ALFF values for autistic participants in left parietal opercular cortex, precuneus, and right insula. At the network level, there was a significant effect of diagnostic group and brain network on ALFF values, and only significant effect of network, not group, on fALFF values. Regression analyses indicated a significant effect of age on ALFF values of certain networks in autistic participants. Such intrinsically different network‐level responses in autistic participants may have implications for task‐level recruitment and synchronization of brain areas, which may in turn impact optimal cognitive functioning. Moreover, differences in low frequency fluctuations of key networks, such as the DMN and SN, may underlie alterations in brain responses in autism that are frequently reported in the literature.
Microstructure Engineered Silicon Alloy Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Zheng Penglun , Sun Jichang , Liu Huaiyin , Wang Rui , Liu Chuanbang , Zhao Yang , Li Junwei , Zheng Yun , Rui Xianhong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDue to the high theoretical lithium storage capacity and moderate voltage platform, silicon is expected to substitute graphite and serves as the most promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, substantial volume change during cycling subjects the silicon anode to electrode pulverization and conductive network damage, extensively limiting its commercial purpose. Strategies, such as alloying, nano‐crystallization, and compositing, are developed against these problems. This review introduces the attractive alloying modification method and summarizes the recent advances in microstructure‐engineered silicon alloy anodes for LIBs. The electrochemical performances of silicon alloy anodes with various morphologies, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, two‐dimensional layered structures, porous structures, and thin films, are discussed in detail. The challenges for the commercial application of silicon alloy anodes are elaborated in the end. This review provides a comprehensive overview and concerns of microstructure‐engineered silicon alloy anodes for potential applications in LIBs.
Meta‐informational cue inconsistency and judgment of information accuracy: Spotlight on intelligence analysis
Authors: Mandel David R. , Irwin Daniel , Dhami Mandeep K. , Budescu David V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMeta‐information is information about information that can be used as cues to guide judgments and decisions. Three types of meta‐information that are routinely used in intelligence analysis are source reliability, information credibility, and classification level. The first two cues are intended to speak to information quality (in particular, the probability that the information is accurate), and classification level is intended to describe the information's security sensitivity. Two experiments involving professional intelligence analysts (N = 25 and 27, respectively) manipulated meta‐information in a 6 (source reliability) × 6 (information credibility) × 2 (classification) repeated‐measures design. Ten additional items were retested to measure intra‐individual reliability. Analysts judged the probability of information accuracy based on its meta‐informational profile. In both experiments, the judged probability of information accuracy was sensitive to ordinal position on the scales and the directionality of linguistic terms used to anchor the levels of the two scales. Directionality led analysts to group the first three levels of each scale in a positive group and the fourth and fifth levels in a negative group, with the neutral term “cannot be judged” falling between these groups. Critically, as reliability and credibility cue inconsistency increased, there was a corresponding decrease in intra‐analyst reliability, interanalyst agreement, and effective cue utilization. Neither experiment found a significant effect of classification on probability judgments.
A comprehensive study on the electronic structure, dielectric and optical properties of alkali‐earth metals and transition metal hydroxides M(OH)2
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Mishra Rajneesh Kumar , Kumar Pushpendra , Gwag Jin Seog 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the present work, the physical properties of alkali‐earth metal and transition metal hydroxides are comprehensively investigated using the density functional theory. Here, the alkali‐earth metals Ca, Mg, and transition metals Cd, Zn are considered from the II‐A and II‐B groups in the periodic table of elements. The first principle electronic structure calculations show that these bulk hydroxide materials are direct band gap material. Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 exhibit an insulating behavior with a very large band gap. However, Cd(OH)2 and Zn(OH)2 are found to be wide band gap semiconductors. The dielectric and optical studies reveal that these materials have a high degree of anisotropy. Hence, the light propagation in these materials behaves differently in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the optical axis, and exhibits birefringence. Therefore, these materials may be useful for optical communication. The calculated electron energy loss suggests that these materials can also be used for unwanted signal noise suppression. The wide band gap makes them useful for high‐power applications. Moreover, Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 are found to be suitable for dielectric medium.
Virtual mimic of lab experiment using the computer‐based Aspen Plus® Sensitivity Analysis Tool to boost the attainment of experiment's learning outcomes and mitigate potential pandemic confinements
Authors: Elkhatat Ahmed M. , Al‐Muhtaseb Shaheen A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe computer‐based Aspen Plus® Sensitivity Analysis Tool (APSAT) was used as a virtual environment to mimic a gas absorption lab experiment in the Unit Operations Lab within the curriculum for the Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering at Qatar University. A pool of 35 students enrolled in three lab sections was utilized. The approach was applied in three stages to foster the attainment of the learning outcomes of the experiment by testing and evaluating some parameters that cannot be examined using the physical lab equipment. Results show that the approach helped the students gain a profound understanding and address conceptual mistakes while discussing the results of the APSAT outputs. Students who were engaged in the APSAT activity demonstrated a strong interest in this approach. This approach can be implemented to facilitate the teaching of lab courses. Furthermore, it is a practical choice to optimize the resources and a good substitute for lab experiments in case of any pandemic, confinement or interest in testing the effects of hazardous conditions to ensure sustaining the learning outcomes from corresponding experiments.
Relationship between active seniors’ job change and life satisfaction: Serial multiple mediation effects of person–job fit and job satisfaction
Authors: Choi Jeehyun , Oh Jihye , Kim Junhee 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith older workers staying in or re‐entering the workforce post‐retirement, there has been growing interest in the aging workforce. This study examines how active seniors’ job changes impact life satisfaction through person–job fit and job satisfaction. Drawing on conservation of resources, person–job fit, and spillover theories, we developed and tested a serial multiple mediation model on 2183 active seniors using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study data. The results of PROCESS macro analysis showed that (a) job change negatively affects life satisfaction, (b) both person–job fit and job satisfaction parallelly mediate the job change and life satisfaction relationship, and (c) there is a serial multiple mediation effect of person–job fit and job satisfaction on the job change and life satisfaction relationship. Our study reveals the link between work and nonwork domains as informed by the three theories, extends the existing literature on life satisfaction from a bottom‐up perspective, and considers cultural characteristics.
Countrywide “best buy” interventions for noncommunicable diseases prevention and control in countries with different level of socioeconomic development
Authors: Khaltaev Nikolai , Axelrod Svetlana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) place a heavy burden on populations globally and in particular, on lower‐income countries (LIC). WHO identified a package of 16 “best buy” lifestyle and management interventions that are cost‐effective and applicable in all settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare NCD risk factors in all WHO countries and make preliminary assessment of “best buy” interventions.MethodsRisk factors estimation was made in 188 countries. NCD attributable “best buys” concern tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. Management issues are based on the availability of the national NCD guidelines and provision of drug therapy.ResultsEvery fourth adult in high‐income countries (HIC) has raised blood pressure (RBP). Prevalence of RBP in lower‐middle‐income countries (LMIC) and LIC is 22%–23% (HIC/LMIC: t = 3.12, p < 0.01). Prevalence of diabetes in LIC is less than half of that in HIC and upper‐middle‐income countries (UMIC) UMIC/LIC: t = 8.37, p < 0.001. Obesity prevalence is gradually decreasing from HIC to LIC (HIC/LIC: t = 11.48, p < 0.001). Highest level of physical inactivity is seen in HIC, which then gradually declines to LIC (17%). Tobacco prevalence in LIC is almost less than half of that in HIC and UMIC (HIC/LIC: t = 7.2, p < 0.0001). There is a gradual decline in the implementation of “best buys” from HIC to LIC.ConclusionWealthier countries have better implementation of the WHO NCD prevention strategy.
Heterogeneous Azeotropic Extractive Coupled Heat Pump Distillation for Triethylamine‐Dichloromethane‐Acetone‐Water
Authors: Yang Deming , Yun Yi , Wan Dehao , Yang Shuzhuang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere are three kinds of binary azeotropes and one kind of a near‐boiling compound with clamping zone characteristics in the triethylamine‐dichloromethane‐acetone‐water system, which belongs to complex quaternary systems. A four‐column distillation process of heterogeneous azeotropic extraction for the separation of the system was designed, simulated, and optimized to obtain more suitable process parameters and energy consumption distribution of each column. On this basis, taking the total annual cost (TAC) as the comprehensive economic evaluation index and CO2 emission as the environmental evaluation index, the thermal integration technology and mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) heat pump technology were applied to the energy‐saving research of the distillation process for the system. The results indicate that compared with the conventional four‐column heterogeneous azeotropic extractive distillation process, the thermal integration distillation process and single‐column MVR heat pump coupled thermal integration distillation process can save energy consumption and TAC, and it can reduce CO2 emission.