bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periconceptional antibiotic use and spontaneous abortion: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Crowe Holly Michelle , Hatch Elizabeth Elliott , Wang Tanran R. , Horsburgh Charles Robert , Mikkelsen Ellen Margrethe , Kuohung Wendy , Wise Lauren Anne , Wesselink Amelia Kent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany reproductive‐aged North Americans use antibiotics in the weeks preceding conception or during early pregnancy. Antibiotic use may influence risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) by disrupting the reproductive tract microbiome or treating harmful infections. However, this association has not been extensively studied.ObjectiveTo determine the extent to which periconceptional antibiotic use is associated with the risk of SAB.MethodsWe analysed data from an internet‐based preconception cohort study of pregnancy planners. Eligible participants self‐identified as female, were aged 21–45 years, resided in the USA or Canada, and conceived during 12 months of follow‐up (n = 7890). Participants completed an enrolment questionnaire during June 2013–September 2021 and bimonthly follow‐up questionnaires for up to 12 months or until a reported pregnancy, whichever came first. Pregnant participants completed questionnaires in early (~8–9 weeks) and late (~32 weeks) gestation. We assessed antibiotic use, including type (penicillins, nitrofurantoin, cephalosporins and macrolides) and indication for use, during the previous 4 weeks on preconception questionnaires. Participants reported pregnancies and SAB on follow‐up and pregnancy questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models with gestational weeks as the time scale to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between periconceptional antibiotic use and SAB, controlling for potential demographic, medical, and lifestyle confounders.ResultsNineteen percent (n = 1537) of pregnancies ended in SAB. Participants reported periconceptional antibiotic use in 8% of pregnancies ending in SAB and 7% not ending in SAB. Periconceptional antibiotic use was not appreciably associated with SAB (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.88, 1.28). We observed no strong associations between antibiotic type, indication for use, or recency of exposure and SAB risk.ConclusionsPericonceptional antibiotic use was not appreciably associated with SAB in this study. This association is likely complicated by antibiotic type and dosage, timing of conception, and the individual's overall health.
How can procurement create (sustainable) public value under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Deal?
Authors: Patrucco Andrea S. , Dimand Ana‐Maria , Neshkova Milena I. , Cevallos Madison M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe economic response of the US government to the COVID‐19 pandemic envisions massive investment in infrastructure construction. Yet, governments contract out public works and might lack the capacity to meet the increased demand for new construction. Drawing on a mix of survey and interview data, we identify critical deficiencies in contract capacity that might lead to a loss of public resources and further erode trust in the government. We propose a plan for restructuring public procurement systems and offer solutions around four foci: collaboration, training, flexibility, and sustainability. This transformation path would enhance government contract capacity and use markets to signal a demand for sustainable infrastructure and create public value in line with the strategic objectives of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Deal.
The chromosome‐level genome of Akebia trifoliata as an important resource to study plant evolution and environmental adaptation in the Cretaceous
Authors: Zhong Shengfu , Li Bin , Chen Wei , Wang Lili , Guan Ju , Wang Qiang , Yang Zujun , Yang Hao , Wang Xianshu , Yu Xiaojiao , Fu Peng , Liu Hongchang , Chen Chen , Tan Feiquan , Ren Tianheng , Shen Jinliang , Luo Peigao 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYThe environmental adaptation of eudicots is the most reasonable explanation for why they compose the largest clade of modern plants (>70% of angiosperms), which indicates that the basal eudicots would be valuable and helpful to study their survival and ability to thrive throughout evolutionary processes. Here, we detected two whole‐genome duplication (WGD) events in the high‐quality assembled Akebia trifoliata genome (652.73 Mb) with 24 138 protein‐coding genes based on the evidence of intragenomic and intergenomic collinearity, synonymous substitution rate (KS) values and polyploidization and diploidization traces; these events putatively occurred at 85.15 and 146.43 million years ago (Mya). The integrated analysis of 16 species consisting of eight basal and eight core eudicots further revealed that there was a putative ancient WGD at the early stage of eudicots (temporarily designated θ) at 142.72 Mya, similar to the older WGD of Akebia trifoliata, and a putative core eudicot‐specific WGD (temporarily designated ω). Functional enrichment analysis of retained duplicate genes following the θ event is suggestive of adaptation to the extreme environment change in both the carbon dioxide concentration and desiccation around the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, while the retained duplicate genes following the ω event is suggestive of adaptation to the extreme droughts, possibly leading to the rapid spread of eudicots in the mid‐Cretaceous. Collectively, the A. trifoliata genome experienced two WGD events, and the older event may have occurred at the early stage of eudicots, which likely increased plant environmental adaptability and helped them survive in ancient extreme environments.
Markers of inflammation in free‐living African elephants (Loxodonta africana): Reference intervals and diagnostic performance of acute phase reactants
Authors: Steyrer Christine , Miller Michele , Hewlett Jennie , Buss Peter , Hooijberg Emma H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcute phase reactants (APRs) have not been investigated in free‐living African elephants (Loxodonta africana), and there is little information about negative APRs albumin and serum iron in elephants.ObjectivesWe aimed to generate reference intervals (RIs) for APRs for free‐living African elephants, and to determine the diagnostic performance of APRs in apparently healthy elephants and elephants with inflammatory lesions.MethodsStored serum samples from 49 apparently healthy and 16 injured free‐living elephants were used. The following APRs and methods were included: albumin, bromocresol green; haptoglobin, colorimetric assay; serum amyloid A (SAA), multispecies immunoturbidometric assay, and serum iron with ferrozine method. Reference intervals were generated using the nonparametric method. Indices of diagnostic accuracy were determined by receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsReference intervals were: albumin 41–55 g/L, haptoglobin 0.16–3.51 g/L, SAA < 10 mg/L, and serum iron 8.60–16.99 μmol/L. Serum iron and albumin concentrations were lower and haptoglobin and SAA concentrations were higher in the injured group. Serum iron had the best ability to predict health or inflammation, followed by haptoglobin, SAA, and albumin, with the area under the ROC curve ranging from 0.88–0.93.ConclusionsSAA concentrations were lower in healthy African vs Asian elephants, and species‐specific RIs should be used. Serum iron was determined to be a diagnostically useful negative APR which should be added to APR panels for elephants.
Antiwindup Compensator-Based Control for Periodic Piecewise Delayed Systems With Input Saturations
Authors: Satheesh T. , Sakthivel R. , Harshavarthini S. , Manikandan R. , Almakhles D. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This work examines the stabilization problem for periodic piecewise systems (PPSs) with state and input delays, actuator saturations, and external disturbances via an antiwindup compensator (AWC)-based dynamic controller. Specifically, the undesirable consequences caused by saturation are alleviated by implementing the AWC-based dynamic controller. More precisely, AWC not only eliminates the saturation effects but also enlarges the estimation of the domain of attraction. Moreover, by constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, the sufficient conditions affirming asymptotic stability of addressed PPSs are established in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Notably, the developed LMI conditions can be effectively solved using standard numerical packages and the desired antiwindup gain matrices can be calculated with satisfactory disturbance attenuation level. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness and efficiency of the developed theoretical findings.
Effects of Upstream Wakes on the Boundary Layer Over a Low-Pressure Turbine Blade
Authors: De Vincentiis Luca , Ðurović Kristina , Lengani Davide , Simoni Daniele , Pralits Jan , Henningson Dan S. , Hanifi Ardeshir 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the present work, the evolution of the boundary layer over a low-pressure turbine blade is studied using direct numerical simulations, with the aim of investigating the unsteady flow field induced by the rotor-stator interaction. The freestream flow is characterized by the high level of freestream turbulence and periodically impinging wakes. As in the experiments, the wakes are shed by moving bars modeling the rotor blades and placed upstream of the turbine blades. To include the presence of the wake without employing an ad-hoc model, we simulate both the moving bars and the stationary blades in their respective frames of reference and the coupling of the two domains is done through appropriate boundary conditions. The presence of the wake mainly affects the development of the boundary layer on the suction side of the blade. In particular, the flow separation in the rear part of the blade is suppressed. Moreover, the presence of the wake introduces alternating regions in the streamwise direction of high- and low-velocity fluctuations inside the boundary layer. These fluctuations are responsible for significant variations of the shear stress. The analysis of the velocity fields allows the characterization of the streaky structures forced in the boundary layer by turbulence carried by upstream wakes. The breakdown events are observed once positive streamwise velocity fluctuations reach the end of the blade. Both the fluctuations induced by the migration of the wake in the blade passage and the presence of the streaks contribute to high values of the disturbance velocity inside the boundary layer with respect to a steady inflow case. The amplification of the boundary layer disturbances associated with different spanwise wavenumbers has been computed. It was found that the migration of the wake in the blade passage stands for the most part of the perturbations with zero spanwise wavenumber. The non-zero wavenumbers are found to be amplified in the rear part of the blade at the boundary between the low- and high-speed regions associated with the wakes.
Interdependency of Core Temperature and Glabrous Skin Blood Flow in Human Thermoregulation Function: A Pilot Study
Authors: Namisnak Laura H. , Khoshnevis Sepideh , Diller Kenneth R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Human thermoregulation is governed by a complex, nonlinear feedback control system. The system consists of thermoreceptors, a controller, and effector mechanisms for heat exchange that coordinate to maintain a central core temperature. A principal route for heat flow between the core and the environment is via convective circulation of blood to arteriovenous anastomoses located in glabrous skin of the hands and feet. This paper presents new human experimental data for thermoregulatory control behavior along with a coupled, detailed control system model specific to the interdependent actions of core temperature and glabrous skin blood flow (GSBF) under defined transient environmental thermal stress. The model was tuned by a nonlinear least-squared curve fitting algorithm to optimally fit the experimental data. Transient GSBF in the model is influenced by core temperature, nonglabrous skin temperature, and the application of selective thermal stimulation. The core temperature in the model is influenced by integrated heat transfer across the nonglabrous body surface and GSBF. Thus, there is a strong cross-coupling between GSBF and core temperature in thermoregulatory function. Both variables include a projection term in the model based on the average rates of their change. Six subjects each completed two thermal protocols to generate data to which the common model was fit. The model coefficients were unique to each of the twelve data sets but produced an excellent agreement between the model and experimental data for the individual trials. The strong match between the model and data confirms the mathematical structure of the control algorithm.
Experimental and Simulations Study of Thermal Performance of Cell-to-Pack Structure for a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack
Authors: Shen Kai , Yang Linsen , Sun Jieyu , Xu Chengshan , Wang Huaibin , Zheng Yuejiu , Feng Xuning 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A new model for simulating battery temperature changes from the lower surface to the upper surface is proposed. The cell model is established with experimental calibration. Simultaneously, the cell-to-pack (CTP) model is established through experimental benchmarking. In addition, the thermal properties of CTP and an ordinary battery pack that has an enclosure on the basis were compared under four different working conditions. The results indicate that adding an enclosure to the CTP has little effect on the thermal performance of the battery pack. Adding an enclosure to the CTP hardly improves the temperature uniformity of the battery under cooling conditions; the temperature difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the batteries at both ends of the module drops by approximately 0.5 °C, while the central temperature difference is basically unchanged. Compared with fast charging without cooling, the battery temperature dropped by more than 12 °C under the fast charge condition with cooling. More importantly, the specific energy and packaging efficiency of the battery dropped from 160.27 Wh/kg and 73.1% to 148.72 Wh/kg and 67.8%, respectively, after the CTP was added with an enclosure.
Micro-mixing Combustion for Highly Recuperated Gas Turbines: Effects of Inlet Temperature and Fuel Composition on Combustion Stability and NOx Emissions
Authors: Landry-Blais A. , Sivić S. , Picard M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The micro-mixing combustion concept offers an elegant compromise between premixed and non-premixed combustion. By mixing the fuel and air at the smallest scale possible, one can achieve NOx emissions comparable to premixed combustion while minimizing the risks of autoignition and flashback, making this approach particularly well suited to high inlet temperature applications such as sub-MW recuperated gas turbines used in aerospace applications. This paper seeks to bridge the gap between current micro-mixing literature, limited to inlet temperatures &lt; 800 K and hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuels, with the design requirements of highly recuperated gas turbines, which operate on hydrocarbons at inlet temperatures &gt; 950 K.
Micro-mixing fuel nozzles are additively manufactured in Inconel 625, having up to hundreds of fuel injection holes as small as 250 μm. In addition to hydrogen, these nozzles are tested with hydrocarbon-based fuels such as propane, natural gas, and Jet A-1. An axial swirler is used to induce recirculation of the products behind the nozzle, which helps stabilize combustion with hydrocarbons due to their longer reaction times and slower flame speeds. Experimental results show that NOx emissions can be decreased down to premixed levels if the jet Damköhler number is kept under a critical value, which requires increasingly smaller holes or higher jet velocities as the inlet temperature increases. Combustion instabilities are observed at low inlet temperatures with hydrocarbons, which are also correlated to the jet Damköhler number. There is a window in which both low NOx and stable combustion is possible, which resulted in corrected NOx emissions of &lt; 10 ppm for all the fuels tested at highly recuperated gas turbines conditions, specifically combustor inlet temperature of 950 K and flame temperature of 1550 K. The high inlet temperature also allowed to fully vaporize liquid fuels within the injector, leading to potential reductions in smoke emissions due to the absence of fuel droplets in the combustion zone.
Unsteady Flow Simulations of an Axial Compressor Cascade Subjected to Free Stream Wakes
Authors: Duda Benjamin , Laskowski Gregory M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The flow through a 2.5D axial compressor cascade blade-row is simulated using a compressible Lattice-Boltzmann Method. The simulations are carried out for a nominal flow condition that yields a Reynolds number of 300,000 based on the axial chord and an inlet Mach number of 0.66. The simulations incorporate incoming wakes generated by moving bars with an equivalent reduced frequency of 1.9.
A URANS simulation is carried out first, which reveals deficiencies in predicting time-averaged isentropic surface Mach numbers and wall shear stresses when compared against published DNS results. In order to increase the accuracy of the simulation, an implicit LES is run on a wall-resolved mesh. These results match the reference data because transition effects are correctly accounted for. A new, transition enabled hybrid RANS-LES approach is then carried out which shows that similar accuracy as the wall resolved LES can be obtained.
An Efficient Unsteady 1-Way Coupling Method of Combustor and Turbine
Authors: Gründler Jonathan , Schiffer Heinz-Peter , Lehmann Knut 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the aerothermal predictions of high pressure turbine Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, this paper presents a novel method to prescribe unsteady boundary conditions to transient, scale resolving simulations. The method is based on the compression of the interface data at the Combustor Turbine Interface (CTI), by using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Fourier Series (PODFS). The interface data can eater be collected from a combustor simulation or artificially created from mean values, using a digital filter method. The stored interface data size can be greatly reduced in the process. Besides the description of the method, this paper presents a set of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a generic test case, to demonstrate the capability of the PODFS method, to produce realistic inlet boundary condition. Furthermore, the method is applied to a set of combustor simulation outlet data, to create a reduced order model of the temporally and spatially resolved interface data. With this application to realistic CTI data, the efficiency of the compression method can be demonstrated and the applicability to turbine simulations can be shown.
Impact of Aerodynamic Asymmetry on the Embedded Rotor Forcing and Mistuned Blade Response
Authors: Hegde Shreyas , Zori Laith , Campregher Rubens , Kielb Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper continues previous research by the current authors in a series of papers describing the impact of multi-row interaction on the forced response behavior of embedded compressor rotors. Specifically, this work dives into an aspect of the embedded rotor forcing that has been sparsely addressed in literature — the impact of an asymmetry in the upstream stator on the forcing function and blade vibration. Although the concept of introducing an asymmetry was introduced nearly 50 years ago, no papers in literature talk about the impact of multi-row interaction with an upstream asymmetric stator in place. All of the current authors’ previous work has discussed the impact of symmetric stators exciting a rotor upstream and downstream. This impact has been quantified at multiple torsional mode crossing some of which result in one-half of the asymmetric stator exciting the rotor and a crossing which results in the downstream stator exciting the rotor. Due to the inability of model reduction methods to model this phenomenon, full wheel computational domains were utilized for all simulations. A commercial code CFX was used for all simulations. In all of the multi-row cases investigated, only a single row excites the rotor. The additional downstream row serves as a reflecting wall that reflects physical waves, which leads to interference.
The second section of this paper describes the details of the in-house mistuning code utilized to predict the blade responses of the individual rotor blades in the system. One of the inputs to this code is the modal force obtained using unsteady CFD in the paper’s first section. The in-house code is based on the FMM, which couples both aero and structural dynamics to predict the blade responses. The key conclusions from this study were: 1) An asymmetry in the upstream stator results in a significant reduction in the forcing function at the crossing frequency. However, the magnitude of forcing could remain significant with a shift to a ‘sideband’ frequency. 2) Introducing an asymmetry is beneficial only when the asymmetric stator excites the rotor and not when any of the other rows excites the rotor. 3) The impact of physical wave reflections was constructive at all torsional mode crossings in line with the earlier conclusions. 4) The mistuned response was well predicted by the FMM at all crossings despite the presence of significant blade disk interaction at these crossings.
The Importance of Shape in Particle Rebound Behaviors
Authors: Wilson Jacob , Qiao Rui , Kappes Matthew , Loebig James , Clarkson Rory 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Physics-based particle rebound models are essential for the accurate tracking of particles in aero engines. Current models are often informed by analysis of spherical particle impact, but particles ingested in engines typically feature edges and corners. Understanding the effects of particle shape on rebound behavior is critical for ascertaining the range of validity of existing models and for developing improved models. Here, we report on first-principle simulations of cubical particles impacting Ti-6Al-4V targets. Our simulations reveal that, in the case of normal impact at a given incident speed, the coefficient of restitution (CoR) of cubes exhibits significant scattering. The scattering and median of computed CoR show good agreement with recent experiments using sand particles of the same volume-based size, sphericity, and incident speed. Comparison with spheres impacting the same target shows that the median CoR of cubes is significantly lower than that of spheres. Further, the rebound of cubes features significant rotation and transverse velocity, which can account for ∼60% of a rebounding cube’s energy but are negligible modes of energy transfer in impacts involving spheres. We identify that the moment arm length, a parameter that characterizes the mass distribution of angular particles impacting a target, plays a key role in particle rebound, and its distribution is strongly correlated with rebound stochasticity. These findings can benefit the development of physics-based low-order models of angular particle rebound.