bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hostile‐helpless states of mind: A scoping review of risk factors, correlates, and consequences
Authors: Turgeon Jessica , Milot Tristan , St‐Laurent Diane , Dubois‐Comtois Karine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChronic relational trauma can lead to the formation of pervasively unintegrated attachment representations in adulthood, referred to as Hostile‐Helpless (HH) states of mind. Individuals with this type of attachment disorganization evidence conflicting evaluations of caregivers and have difficulty reflecting on their traumatic childhood experiences. This scoping review is the first to systematically integrate the results of all empirical studies on HH states of mind in an effort to highlight the scientific and clinical contributions of the concept and guide future research. Following Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) Methodological Framework, cross‐reference keywords were searched in three databases (PsycArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, ProQuest). In total, 19 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the synthesis. Results suggest that prevalence rates of HH states of mind increase as a function of adults' psychosocial risk status. Findings also reveal that the long‐term consequences of early trauma are greater in the presence of a HH state of mind, whereas the absence of a HH state of mind acts as a protective factor against the intergenerational transmission of maladaptation. Finally, results support the discriminant validity of the HH classification against other forms of attachment disorganization in adulthood. Research gaps and future research directions are discussed.
The Cortical Bone Metabolome of C57BL/6J Mice Is Sexually Dimorphic
Authors: Welhaven Hope D. , Vahidi Ghazal , Walk Seth T. , Bothner Brian , Martin Stephen A. , Heveran Chelsea M. , June Ronald K. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTCortical bone quality, which is sexually dimorphic, depends on bone turnover and therefore on the activities of remodeling bone cells. However, sex differences in cortical bone metabolism are not yet defined. Adding to the uncertainty about cortical bone metabolism, the metabolomes of whole bone, isolated cortical bone without marrow, and bone marrow have not been compared. We hypothesized that the metabolome of isolated cortical bone would be distinct from that of bone marrow and would reveal sex differences. Metabolite profiles from liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) of whole bone, isolated cortical bone, and bone marrow were generated from humeri from 20‐week‐old female C57Bl/6J mice. The cortical bone metabolomes were then compared for 20‐week‐old female and male C57Bl/6J mice. Femurs from male and female mice were evaluated for flexural material properties and were then categorized into bone strength groups. The metabolome of isolated cortical bone was distinct from both whole bone and bone marrow. We also found sex differences in the isolated cortical bone metabolome. Based on metabolite pathway analysis, females had higher lipid metabolism, and males had higher amino acid metabolism. High‐strength bones, regardless of sex, had greater tryptophan and purine metabolism. For males, high‐strength bones had upregulated nucleotide metabolism, whereas lower‐strength bones had greater pentose phosphate pathway metabolism. Because the higher‐strength groups (females compared with males, high‐strength males compared with lower‐strength males) had higher serum type I collagen cross‐linked C‐telopeptide (CTX1)/procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP), we estimate that the metabolomic signature of bone strength in our study at least partially reflects differences in bone turnover. These data provide novel insight into bone bioenergetics and the sexual dimorphic nature of bone material properties in C57Bl/6 mice. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Geometrical benchmarking and analysis of redox potentials of copper(I/II) guanidine‐quinoline complexes: Comparison of semi‐empirical tight‐binding and DFT methods and the challenge of describing the entatic state (part III)
Authors: Raßpe‐Lange Lukas , Hoffmann Alexander , Gertig Christoph , Heck Joshua , Leonhard Kai , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCopper guanidine‐quinoline complexes are an important class of bioinorganic complexes that find utilization in electron and atom transfer processes. By substitution of functional groups on the quinoline moiety the electron transfer abilities of these complexes can be tuned. In order to explore the full substitution space by simulations, the accurate theoretical description of the effect of functional groups is essential. In this study, we compare three different methods for the theoretical description of the structures. We use the semi‐empirical tight‐binding method GFN2‐xTB, the density functional TPSSh and the double‐hybrid functional B2PLYP. We evaluate the methods on five different complex pairs (Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes), and compare how well calculated energies can predict the redox potentials. We find even though B2PLYP and TPSSh yield better accordance with the experimental structures. GFN2‐xTB performs surprisingly well in the geometry optimization at a fraction of the computational cost. TPSSh offers a good compromise between computational cost and accuracy of the redox potential for real‐life complexes.
Locating Africa in China's community of shared future for mankind: A relational approach
Authors: Eisenman Joshua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study applies a Chinese theoretical framework—relationality, as articulated by Qin Yaqing—to explain how Beijing creates and manipulates its relations with African partners to advance its “core interests” and leadership of the Global South. Relationality elucidates the “Community of Shared Future for Mankind”—an interlocking, multitiered network of Sinocentric relationships based on traditional Confucian conceptions of reciprocity. The pervasiveness of China's influence in Africa can be explained by its overlapping latticework of relationships involving thousands of African elites traversing all four levels—bilateral, subregional, regional and global. At each level, Chinese interlocutors use material support, inclusive rhetoric and host diplomacy to create and perpetuate so‐called “win–win” relationships with African partners. Because the “relational power” these dyads generate disproportionately strengthens the weaker side, China can elicit African compliance by reducing—or threatening to reduce—its shared economic and political resources.
Leader humility and team innovation: The role of team reflexivity and team proactive personality
Authors: Leblanc Pierre‐Marc , Rousseau Vincent , Harvey Jean‐François 
Published: May 2022

SummaryDespite the recent surge of research on leader humility, it remains unclear how and when teams benefit from it. Drawing on social cognitive theory, we propose a moderated mediation model that we test using multisource, time‐lagged data collected from 71 teams in a university‐affiliated hospital. We find that humble leaders indirectly enhance team innovation via greater team reflexivity. Additionally, we consider the average level of proactive personality of team members as a boundary condition of the positive effect of leader humility. Our results show that leader humility prompts team reflexivity only when team mean level of proactive personality is high, which in turn increases team innovation. Bridging social cognitive theory with research on humble leadership in teams, our study offers important implications for both theory and practice.
A quantile‐based approach to improve homogenization of snow depth time series
Authors: Resch Gernot , Koch Roland , Marty Christoph , Chimani Barbara , Begert Michael , Buchmann Moritz , Aschauer Johannes , Schöner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAustrian observations of snow depth date back to 1895 and are thus among the longest available quantitative snow information from hydrometeorological networks worldwide. It is well known that such long‐term observations are prone to inhomogeneities, which may not only affect climatologies and trends, but derived products used in research or practice. While the reliability of available methods for detecting breaks in snow time series has been shown before and could also be confirmed by our work, we focused on improving the adjustment method. Conventional methods often refer to the median of difference or quotient series (INTERP), whereas our proposed method also uses a quantile‐wise adjustment (InterpQM), which is useful to minimize a bias on the tails of the frequency distribution. We demonstrated the success of the new method by using Swiss parallel snow depth observations. Errors of the analysed indicators could be reduced in 68% of the cases when compared with INTERP. The results were best for large snow depths, being up to 19% better. Overall, InterpQM was better in 75% of validation cases for the daily large, 72% of all observations and 56% of mean seasonal snow depth cases. We describe the performed homogenization procedure in detail, including quality control, gap filling, homogeneity testing, break detection, calculation of and improvements to the adjustment method. Our results show that snow depth time series generally have a lower number of breaks compared with station data of other climate variables. This underlines their high quality, even if measuring snow presents challenges. Using Austrian snow depth series as an example, the effects of the new adjustment method on trends were analysed using the Mann–Kendall and Sen's Slope. Homogenization may have a significant effect on derived trends: Two of the six adjusted series were changed from nonsignificant to significant and one vice versa.
How to observe the principle of concurrent control in an arm‐based meta‐analysis using SAS procedures GLIMMIX and BGLIMM
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter , Madden Laurence V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNetwork meta‐analysis is a popular method to synthesize the information obtained in a systematic review of studies (e.g., randomized clinical trials) involving subsets of multiple treatments of interest. The dominant method of analysis employs within‐study information on treatment contrasts and integrates this over a network of studies. One advantage of this approach is that all inference is protected by within‐study randomization. By contrast, arm‐based analyses have been criticized in the past because they may also recover inter‐study information when studies are modeled as random, which is the dominant practice, hence violating the principle of concurrent control, requiring treated individuals to only be compared directly with randomized controls. This issue arises regardless of whether analysis is implemented within a frequentist or a Bayesian framework. Here, we argue that recovery of inter‐study information can be prevented in an arm‐based analysis by adding a fixed study main effect. This simple device means that it is possible to honor the principle of concurrent control in a two‐way analysis‐of‐variance approach that is very easy to implement using generalized linear mixed model procedures and hence may be particularly welcome to those not well versed in the more intricate coding required for a contrast‐based analysis.
Compositionally Homogeneous Soft Wrinkles on Elastomeric Substrates: Novel Fabrication Method, Water Collection from Fog, and Triboelectric Charge Generation
Authors: Raj Soorya S. , Davis Deljo , Viswanathan Pramila , Chandrasekhar Arunkumar , T. P. Vinod 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFunctionality and stimuli‐response of natural and artificial elastomeric materials depend significantly on the morphology of their surfaces. Structural transformability and tunable responsiveness of wrinkles on elastomeric materials can enable numerous applications in flexible electronics, optics, and adhesives. Currently existing fabrication techniques rely on sophisticated instrumentation, complex experimental setups, and expensive reagents. These methods are limited in terms of mechanical robustness of the wrinkles produced. Here, a simple, inexpensive, scalable, and reproducible strategy, making use of buckling instability for the creation of soft surface wrinkles on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is presented. PDMS with lower elastic modulus is spin‐coated onto a mechanically stretched film of PDMS with a higher elastic modulus. Thermal curing followed by the release of prestrain resulted in the formation of wrinkles in the top layer of the PDMS. The hydrophobic soft surface wrinkles with compositional homogeneity exhibit efficient fog water collection and triboelectric charge generation useful for the preparation of triboelectric nanogenerator devices. Furthermore, the substrates show high mechanical stability and mechanoresponsive optical behaviors. The simplicity and general applicability of the method presented here is expected to establish a promising pathway toward the formation of soft wrinkles in other elastomeric systems also, facilitating important applications in various fields.
Dual roles of drug or its metabolite−protein conjugate: Cutting‐edge strategy of drug discovery using shotgun proteomics
Authors: Gong Shilin , Hu Xiaolan , Chen Shengshuang , Sun Baoqing , Wu Jian‐Lin , Li Na 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany drugs can bind directly to proteins or be bioactivated by metabolizing enzymes to form reactive metabolites (RMs) that rapidly bind to proteins to form drug−protein conjugates or metabolite−protein conjugates (DMPCs). The close relationship between DMPCs and idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) has been recognized; drug discovery teams tend to avoid covalent interactions in drug discovery projects. Covalent interactions in DMPCs can provide high potency and long action duration and conquer the intractable targets, inspiring drug design, and development. This forms the dual role feature of DMPCs. Understanding the functional implications of DMPCs in IADR control and therapeutic applications requires precise identification of these conjugates from complex biological samples. While classical biochemical methods have contributed significantly to DMPC detection in the past decades, the low abundance and low coverage of DMPCs have become a bottleneck in this field. An emerging transformation toward shotgun proteomics is on the rise. The evolving shotgun proteomics techniques offer improved reproducibility, throughput, specificity, operability, and standardization. Here, we review recent progress in the systematic discovery of DMPCs using shotgun proteomics. Furthermore, the applications of shotgun proteomics supporting drug development, toxicity mechanism investigation, and drug repurposing processes are also reviewed and prospected.
Analysentechnik: Präparative SFC für klassische HPLC‐Anwendungen
Authors: Kuhlmann Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSupercritical Fluid Chromatography, SFC, nutzen Forschung und Produktion auch im präparativen Maßstab. Neue Instrumentierung macht es einfacher, isolierte Produkte weiterzuverarbeiten.
Stoffregulierung: Entlang planetarer Grenzen lenken
Authors: Steinhäuser Klaus Günter , Große Ophoff Markus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEin Chemikalien‐ und Stoffmanagement umfasst und verbindet als übergreifendes Konzept, wie mit Rohstoffen, Ressourcen, Produkten und Abfällen umzugehen ist. Es muss auf den Grundsätzen der Vorsorge und der Nachhaltigkeit beruhen.
Diversität: Eine Frage der Logistik
Authors: Guggolz Lukas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLukas Guggolz fällt auf: Nicht nur, weil er im Rollstuhl sitzt und Arme und Beine kaum bewegen kann. Sondern vor allem, weil er trotzdem ein Chemiestudium und die Promotion durchgezogen hat. Wie er das gemacht hat und warum ausgerechnet im bergigen Marburg, beschreibt er in diesem Beitrag.
Chemie‐ und Pharmaindustrie: Von Pandemie‐ zu Kriegsfolgen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDie meisten Bilanzen des vergangenen Jahrs zeugen von einem Aufschwung nach der Pandemie. Viele Chemieunternehmen haben gegenüber dem Vorjahr mehr Umsatz und Gewinn gemacht. Aber da die Bilanzen in diesem Frühjahr veröffentlicht wurden, sind Ängste vor Kriegsfolgen stärker zu spüren als Hoffnung auf Besserung.
Blenderized enteral nutrition in pediatric short gut syndrome: Tolerance and clinical outcomes
Authors: Zong Wenjing , Troutt Renee , Merves Jamie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlenderized feeds consisting of whole food components are emerging as a preferred approach to enteral nutrition. However, there is limited evidence‐based guidance for this strategy in short bowel syndrome (SBS). We aimed to explore the tolerance and clinical outcome of blenderized feeds in patients with SBS.MethodWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective study of blenderized feeds in pediatric SBS. Of the 376 patients screened, 58 met inclusion criteria. Three patients were excluded because of a history of bowel transplant. Demographics, clinical history, and nutrition history were collected and analyzed.ResultPatients had improved diarrhea though worsening gas while receiving blenderized feeds. There was no significant difference in small bowel length in patients who discontinued blends compared with those who continued. However, patients with colonic resection were more likely to discontinue the blends. In a subgroup of patients who lost weight despite improved diarrhea (n = 19), most had a history of ileocecal valve (ICV) and colonic resection, but no difference in small bowel length compared with those who did not lose weight.ConclusionOur cohort of patients with SBS experienced improved gastrointestinal symptoms and stool quality on blenderized feeds. Patients without an ICV and with colonic resection were more prone to weight loss. Stepwise titration of blenderized formula with previous formula regimen may be needed in a subset of patients to optimize tolerance and weight gain. Further study is warranted to understand factors contributing to variable tolerance and weight gain on blenderized formulas to guide their use in patients with SBS.
Gravity enables self‐assembly
Authors: Grega Ivan , Shaikeea Angkur J. D. , Wadley Haydn N. G. , Deshpande Vikram S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCrystallization of granular assemblies has broad implications for rapid and scalable creation of architected materials with applications ranging from structural materials to microarchitected battery electrodes. While significant advances have been made in understanding colloidal self‐assembly at nano to micro scale, the governing mechanisms for organization of dry assemblies of hard spheres remain unclear. Here, we investigate crystallization of mono‐size hard spheres with and without imposed vibration. Using X‐ray computed tomographic analysis coupled with discrete‐element simulations, we unravel the roles of gravity and imposed vibration on the three‐dimensional self‐assembly of the dry spheres. We use these insights to introduce gravity‐mediated epitaxial crystal growth with slow pouring of balls on seeding templates. Contrary to vibration‐induced crystallization, this method can form large single crystals with both close‐packed and rather surprisingly, nonclose‐packed metastable particle arrangements. Our results provide insight for the scalable manufacture of defect‐free granular assemblies that can be used as space‐holding templates to manufacture cellular materials, such as inverse opals and other related topologies.Key points
Self‐assembly of hard spheres is a critical step for the scalable manufacture of micro‐architected solids.
Via a combination of vibration experiments, 3D X‐ray tomographic observations, and simulations, we elucidate the critical role of gravity in the self‐assembly of hard spheres.
We design seeding templates that can not only induce the self‐assembly into stable close‐packed crystal structures but also rather counterintuitively into metastable single crystal structures.
Improvement in both severe obsessive–compulsive disorder and refractory tardive dystonia following electroconvulsive therapy: A case report
Authors: Mihara Yasuha , Otsuki Koji , Hayashi Mai , Yamashita Satoko , Nagahama Michiharu , Hayashida Maiko , Wake Rei , Hashioka Sadayuki , Abe Satoshi , Inagaki Masatoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is often resistant to treatment and may be complicated by tardive dystonia (TDt) with the use of neuroleptics. Furthermore, patients with TDt often have an inadequate response to pharmacotherapy. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered a common treatment option for both TDt and OCD, its efficacy has not been well established for either condition.Case PresentationOur case was a 37‐year‐old Japanese woman who showed improvement in both refractory TDt and severe OCD following ECT. A total of 12 ECT sessions resulted in an improvement in both diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case in which ECT was effective for both TDt and OCD.ConclusionOur report highlights the following two points: when TDt is associated with severe OCD, and the effect of pharmacotherapy is inadequate, ECT may be considered as a treatment option; given the common mechanism of frontal cortex‐basal dysfunction reported in both dystonia and OCD, ECT may have an effect on this pathway.
Positive predictive values of hematological procedure codes in the Danish National Patient Registry—A population‐based validation study
Authors: Lauritsen Tine Bichel , Nørgaard Jan Maxwell , Christensen Mathilde Egelund , Dalton Susanne Oksbjerg , Østgård Lene Sofie Granfeldt 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Danish National Patient Registry holds data on hematological procedure codes including date and type of treatment from all hematological departments in Denmark. The validity of the hematological procedure codes remains to be clarified before they are used in epidemiological research.Patients and MethodsUsing the Danish Myelodysplastic Syndromes Database, we identified 897 patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia treated at five Danish Hospitals between 1 January 2012 and 30 April 2019. From the Danish National Patient Registry, we ascertained information about hematological procedure codes and date of procedure registered on each patient and generated random samples. Using medical record review as the reference standard, we validated procedure codes in the Danish National Patient Registry and calculated positive predictive values (PPVs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each procedure code.ResultsA total of 523 medical records (99% of the total sample) were available for review. PPVs for specific procedure codes ranged from 71% to 100%. The overall PPV was 91% (95% CI: 88%–92%), reflecting PPVs of 95% (95% CI: 92%–97%) for low‐dose‐chemotherapy, 90% (95% CI: 81%–96%) for high‐dose chemotherapy, 99% (95% CI: 93%–100%) for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, 75% (95% CI: 62%–85%) for immuno‐modulating agents, 80% (95% CI: 74%–85%) for growth factors, and 99% (95% CI: 99%–100%) for bone marrow examination. The accuracy of coding was consistent across geographic regions and year of registration/coding.ConclusionsHematological procedure codes reported to the Danish National Patient Registry had high PPVs and are suitable for epidemiological research.