bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical value of automated volumetric quantification of early ischemic tissue changes on non-contrast CT
Authors: Brugnara Gianluca , Mihalicz Peter , Herweh Christian , Schönenberger Silvia , Purrucker Jan , Nagel Simon , Ringleb Peter Arthur , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A , Neuberger Ulf 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundQuantitative and automated volumetric evaluation of early ischemic changes on non-contrast CT (NCCT) has recently been proposed as a new tool to improve prognostic performance in patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to test its clinical value compared with the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) in a large single-institutional patient cohort.MethodsA total of 1103 patients with AIS due to large vessel occlusion in the M1 or proximal M2 segments who underwent NCCT and EVT between January 2013 and November 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. Acute ischemic volumes (AIV) and ASPECTS were generated from the baseline NCCT through e-ASPECTS (Brainomix). Correlations were tested using Spearman’s coefficient. The predictive capabilities of AIV for a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days ≤2) were tested using multivariable logistic regression as well as machine-learning models. Performance of the models was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and differences were tested using DeLong’s test.ResultsPatients with a favorable outcome had a significantly lower AIV (median 12.0 mL (IQR 5.7–21.7) vs 18.8 mL (IQR 9.4–33.9), p<0.001). AIV was highly correlated with ASPECTS (rho=0.78, p<0.001) and weakly correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline (rho=0.22, p<0.001), and was an independent predictor of an unfavorable clinical outcome (adjusted OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.98). No significant difference was found between machine-learning models using either AIV or ASPECTS or both metrics for predicting a good clinical outcome (p>0.05).ConclusionAIV is an independent predictor of clinical outcome and presented a non-inferior performance compared with ASPECTS, without clear advantages for prognostic modelling.
Cost-effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy in acute stroke patients with large ischemic core
Authors: Sanmartin Maria X , Katz Jeffrey M , Wang Jason , Malhotra Ajay , Sangha Kinpritma , Bastani Mehrad , Martinez Gabriela , Sanelli Pina C 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundEvidence has shown that endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment improves clinical outcomes. Yet, its benefit remains uncertain in patients with large established infarcts as defined by ASPECTS (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score) <6. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of EVT, compared with standard care (SC), in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with ASPECTS 3–5.MethodsAn economic evaluation study was performed combining a decision tree and Markov model to estimate lifetime costs (2021 US$) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of AIS patients with ASPECTS 3–5. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), net monetary benefits (NMBs), and deterministic one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also performed to evaluate the robustness of our model.ResultsCompared with SC, the cost-effectiveness analyses revealed that EVT yields higher lifetime benefits (2.20 QALYs vs 1.41 QALYs) with higher lifetime healthcare cost per patient ($285 861 vs $272 954). The difference in health benefits between EVT and SC was 0.79 QALYs, equivalent to 288 additional days of healthy life per patient. Even though EVT is more costly than SC alone, it is still cost-effective given better outcomes with ICER of $16 239/QALY. The probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated that EVT was the most cost-effective strategy in 98.8% (9882 of 10 000) of iterations at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000 per QALY.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that EVT is cost-effective in AIS patients with a large ischemic core (ASPECTS 3–5), compared with SC alone over the patient’s lifetime.
Production of primordial black holes via single field inflation and observational constraints
Authors: Gangopadhyay Mayukh R. , Jain Jayesh C. , Sharma Devanshu , Yogesh  
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a class of single field models of inflation, the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) production is studied. In this case, the dynamics on small cosmological scales differs significantly from that of the large scales probed by the observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB). This difference becomes a virtue in producing correct physical ambiance for the seeds required to produce PBHs. Thus, once the perturbed scales re-enter the horizon of our Universe during the later epochs of radiation domination and subsequent matter domination, these seeds collapses to produce PBHs. We have shown, in this class of model, depending on the model parameters and the class defining set parameters, one can have PBHs formed for a vast mass ranges from$$10^{-18}$$10-18to$$10^{-6}$$10-6solar mass ($$M _\odot $$M⊙). We have also shown, for a particular class of model, the total dark matter density today can be attributed to the PBHs density. The vast range of the mass depending on the class parameter, gives ample opportunity to study enriched phenomenological implications associated with this model to probe the nascent Universe dynamics.
The role of geodiversity and geoheritage in tourism and local development
Authors: Migoń Piotr , Pijet-Migoń Edyta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Geodiversity and geoheritage play an increasingly important role in the tourism industry, although visitors’ interest in natural phenomena is much older than these two, relatively modern concepts. This chapter reviews several key issues emerging at the interface of geoheritage and the needs and expectations of the tourism industry, both tourists and service providers. Specific themes discussed include evaluation of geodiversity and geoheritage resources for tourism purposes, problems of interpreting Earth heritage for the general public, accessibility issues related to conservation, and the role of geoparks and allied initiatives in fostering local development. More general overviews are supplemented by case studies, illustrating each theme. These are taken from various localities globally, from Europe, South America and Oceania. It is concluded that the coverage of thematic studies at the interface between geoheritage resources and tourism science is uneven. Inventories and assessments of geoheritage and geodiversity sites for geotourism are widely reported and new resources for geotourism development are commonly explored, whereas much less is known about the actual perception of geoheritage values among visitors and the quality and effectiveness of their interpretation. Likewise, the positive impact of geotourism on local economies seems to be more hypothesized or anticipated than actually demonstrated.
Multidesignated areas: case study from Comarca Minera UNESCO Global Geopark, Mexico
Authors: Cruz-Pérez Miguel A. , García-Sánchez Laeticia , Miros Jorge , Canet Carles , Muñoz-Salazar Joshua Iván 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

The emergence and implementation of the geopark concept bring into discussion the topic of areas with previous designations (i.e. biosphere reserves, national parks) and open up the debate on challenges to areas aspiring to new ones (e.g. heritage stones, IUGS geological heritage sites). When put into context, the ‘layering’ of designations, whether they are partial or total, national or international, bring the need to harmonize documents, management plans and teams; advancements and new given designations in dissonance with normative implementation are detrimental to such goals but happen, as evidenced in the general lack of geoconservation laws in Mexico. Comarca Minera is a UNESCO Global Geopark having one National Park (El Chico) totally immersed in the polygon and one Biosphere Reserve (Barranca de Metztitlán) which overlaps
c.
9.15% of the total area of the geopark. Communal land inhabitants and owners (
ejidos
), undertaking geosite maintenance and involved in geopark activities, are widespread in the area and these are the only places in the country to be in two designated areas (geopark–national park and geopark–biosphere reserve). The benefits of multiple designations in the territory are seen in education agreements, increased transdisciplinary research, domestic and international agreements, public awareness, a sense of pride and engagement of communities. While the previous natural designated areas have existed for decades (1987 to the present) the geopark lessons learned so far (e.g. a lack of institutional coordination at the national level, an ineffective national legal framework, differences in reporting and objectives) stress the need to establish a permanent inter-institutional committee to avoid isolated normatives. Multidesignated areas are the new challenge of natural protected areas in Mexico.
Angiopoietin-1 Is Required for Vortex Vein and Choriocapillaris Development in Mice
Authors: Liu Pan , Lavine Jeremy A. , Fawzi Amani , Quaggin Susan E. , Thomson Benjamin R. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The choroidal vasculature, including the choriocapillaris and vortex veins, is essential for providing nutrients to the metabolically demanding photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Choroidal vascular dysfunction leads to vision loss and is associated with age-related macular degeneration and the poorly understood pachychoroid diseases including central serous chorioretinopathy and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy that are characterized by formation of dilated pachyvessels throughout the choroid.

Methods:

Using neural crest-specific
Angpt1
knockout mice, we show that Angiopoietin 1, a ligand of the endothelial receptor TEK (also known as Tie2) is essential for choriocapillaris development and vortex vein patterning.

Results:

Lacking choroidal ANGPT1, neural crest-specific
Angpt1
knockout eyes exhibited marked choriocapillaris attenuation and 50% reduction in number of vortex veins, with only 2 vortex veins present in the majority of eyes. Shortly after birth, dilated choroidal vessels resembling human pachyvessels were observed extending from the remaining vortex veins and displacing the choriocapillaris, leading to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and subretinal neovascularization similar to that seen in pachychoroid disease.

Conclusions:
Together, these findings identify a new role for ANGPT1 in ocular vascular development and demonstrate a clear link between vortex vein dysfunction, pachyvessel formation, and disease.
Alcohol Intake and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Negative Control Analysis in the ALSPAC Cohort
Authors: Martin Florence Z. , Fraser Abigail , Zuccolo Luisa 
Published: September 2022

Background
Alcohol intake increases blood pressure yet estimates of associations between maternal intake and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are sparse and range from null to a protective effect. Here we estimated the association of maternal drinking during pregnancy with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (separately and jointly, as HDP). We used partner's alcohol intake as a negative control exposure, beverage type‐specific models, and a range of sensitivity analyses to strengthen causal inference and reduce the influence of bias.

Methods and Results

We performed a longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected data on self‐reported alcohol intake and presence of HDP from the UK ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) cohort. Multivariable multinomial regression models were adjusted for confounders and mutually adjusted for partner's or maternal alcohol intake in the negative control analysis. We also performed a beverage type analysis of the effect of beer and wine separately on HDP risk, owing to different social patterning associated with different drinks. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of results to assumptions of no recall bias, no residual confounding, and no selection bias. Of the 8999 women eligible for inclusion, 1490 fulfilled the criteria for HDP (17%). Both maternal and partner's drinking were associated with decreased HDP odds (mutually adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.86; [95% CI, 0.77–0.96],
P
=0.008 and OR, 0.82; [95% CI, 0.70–0.97],
P
=0.018, respectively). We demonstrate the validity of the negative control analyses using the same approach for smoking as the exposure. This confirmed an inverse association for maternal but not partner's smoking, as expected. Estimates were more extreme for increasing levels of wine intake compared with increasing levels of beer. Multiple sensitivity analyses did not alter our conclusions.

Conclusions
We observed an inverse relationship between alcohol intake during pregnancy and risk of HDP for both maternal and, more surprisingly, partner's drinking. We speculate that this is more likely to be due to common environmental exposures shared between pregnant women and their partners rather than a true causal effect. This warrants further investigation using different study designs, including Mendelian randomization.
Supporting the Heterogeneous and Evolving Treatment Preferences of Patients With Heart Failure Through Collaborative Home‐Based Palliative Care
Authors: Campos Erin , Isenberg Sarina R. , Lovblom Leif Erik , Mak Susanna , Steinberg Leah , Bush Shirley H. , Goldman Russell , Graham Cassandra , Kavalieratos Dio , Stukel Therese , Tanuseputro Peter , Quinn Kieran L. 
Published: September 2022

Background
We characterized the treatment preferences, care setting, and end‐of‐life outcomes among patients with advanced heart failure supported by a collaborative home‐based model of palliative care.

Methods and results
This decedent cohort study included 250 patients with advanced heart failure who received collaborative home‐based palliative care for a median duration of 1.9 months of follow‐up in Ontario, Canada, from April 2013 to July 2019. Patients were categorized into 1 of 4 groups according to their initial treatment preferences. Outcomes included location of death (out of hospital versus in hospital), changes in treatment preferences, and health service use. Among patients who initially prioritized quantity of life, 21 of 43 (48.8%) changed their treatment preferences during follow‐up (mean 0.28 changes per month). The majority of these patients changed their preferences to avoid hospitalization and focus on comfort at home (19 of 24 changes, 79%). A total of 207 of 250 (82.8%) patients experienced an out‐of‐hospital death. Patients who initially prioritized quantity of life had decreased odds of out‐of‐hospital death (versus in‐hospital death; adjusted odds ratio, 0.259 [95% CI, 0.097–0.693]) and more frequent hospitalizations (mean 0.45 hospitalizations per person‐month) compared with patients who initially prioritized quality of life at home.

Conclusions
Our results yield a more detailed understanding of the interaction of advanced care planning and patient preferences. Shared decision making for personalized treatment is dynamic and can be enacted earlier than at the very end of life.
Learning to Crawl: Determining the Role of Genetic Abnormalities on Postoperative Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Landis Benjamin J. , Helm Benjamin M. , Herrmann Jeremy L. , Hoover Madeline C. , Durbin Matthew D. , Elmore Lindsey R. , Huang Manyan , Johansen Michael , Li Ming , Przybylowski Leon F. , Geddes Gabrielle C. , Ware Stephanie M. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Our cardiac center established a systematic approach for inpatient cardiovascular genetics evaluations of infants with congenital heart disease, including routine chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing. This provides a new opportunity to investigate correlation between genetic abnormalities and postoperative course.

Methods and Results

Infants who underwent congenital heart disease surgery as neonates (aged ≤28 days) from 2015 to 2020 were identified. Cases with trisomy 21 or 18 were excluded. Diagnostic genetic results or CMA with variant of uncertain significance were considered abnormal. We compared postoperative outcomes following initial congenital heart disease surgery in patients found to have genetic abnormality to those who had negative CMA. Among 355 eligible patients, genetics consultations or CMA were completed in 88%. A genetic abnormality was identified in 73 patients (21%), whereas 221 had negative CMA results. Genetic abnormality was associated with prematurity, extracardiac anomaly, and lower weight at surgery. Operative mortality rate was 9.6% in patients with a genetic abnormality versus 4.1% in patients without an identified genetic abnormality (
P
=0.080). Mortality was similar when genetic evaluations were diagnostic (9.3%) or identified a variant of uncertain significance on CMA (10.0%). Among 14 patients with 22q11.2 deletion, the 2 mortality cases had additional CMA findings. In patients without extracardiac anomaly, genetic abnormality was independently associated with increased mortality (
P
=0.019). CMA abnormality was not associated with postoperative length of hospitalization, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or >7 days to initial extubation.

Conclusions
Routine genetic evaluations and CMA may help to stratify mortality risk in severe congenital heart disease with syndromic or nonsyndromic presentations.
Temporal Trends in Incidence of Premature Cardiovascular Disease Over the Past 7 Decades: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Vasan Ramachandran S. , Song Rebecca J. , van den Heuvel Edwin R. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Premature onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) imposes a significant societal burden and challenges prevention efforts.

Methods and Results
Trends in the incidence of premature CVD (before age 55, 60, or 65 years, separate analysis for each threshold) were evaluated in 14 464 Framingham Heart Study participants over 7 decades of observation (1950–2019). The change in the incidence of premature CVD (per decade) in men and women was assessed using overdispersed Poisson regression (accounting for cohort effects), adjusting for age at entry and age at onset of premature CVD within each decade. CVD was defined as a composite of fatal or nonfatal coronary heart disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure. There were 2223 first CVD events (832 in women) before age 65 years during 282 481 person‐years of observations (154 587 in women) between 1950 and 2019. The age‐adjusted CVD incidence before age 65 years decreased from 14.8 per 1000 person‐years (1950–1959) to 4.69 per 1000 person‐years (2010–2019) in men and from 7.23 per 1000 person‐years (1950–1959) to 1.73 per 1000 person‐years (2010–2019) in women. In adjusted analyses, the incidence of premature CVD decreased per decade in men (18.4% [95% CI, 12.0%–24.0%], for onset before age 55 years; 19.5% [95% CI, 12.0%–27.0%], for onset before age 60 years; 21.3% [95% CI, 16.0%–27.0%], for onset before age 65 years) and women (15.1% [95% CI, 7.0%–22.0%], for onset before age 55 years; 14.0% [95% CI, 6.0%–22.0%], for onset before age 60 years; 18.2% [95% CI, 12.0%–24.0%], for onset before age 65 years). The decline in premature CVD was accompanied by a reduction in smoking and increased use of lipid‐lowering treatments across the decades. Incidence of premature coronary heart disease decreased, whereas the contribution of stroke to premature CVD burden increased over time.

Conclusions
The incidence of premature CVD has decreased among White adults in the Framingham cohort over the past 70 years; the residual burden of premature stroke warrants further study. Additional studies of trends in premature CVD in more racially and geographically diverse populations are warranted to elucidate the generalizability of these findings.
𝓗1 persistent features of the resting-state connectome in healthy subjects
Authors: Martínez-Riaño Darwin Eduardo , González Fabio , Gómez Francisco 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The analysis of the resting-state functional connectome commonly relies on graph representations. However, the graph-based approach is restricted to pairwise interactions, not suitable to capture high-order interactions, that is, more than two regions. This work investigates the existence of cycles of synchronization emerging at the individual level in the resting-state fMRI dynamic. These cycles or loops correspond to more than three regions interacting in pairs surrounding a closed space in the resting dynamic. We devised a strategy for characterizing these loops on the fMRI resting state using persistent homology, a data analysis strategy based on topology aimed to characterize high-order connectivity features robustly. This approach describes the loops exhibited at the individual level on a population of 198 healthy controls. Results suggest that these synchronization cycles emerge robustly across different connectivity scales. In addition, these high-order features seem to be supported by a particular anatomical substrate. These topological loops constitute evidence of resting-state high-order arrangements of interaction hidden on classical pairwise models. These cycles may have implications for the synchronization mechanisms commonly described in the resting state.
Measuring Preferences for Income Equality and Income Mobility
Authors: Lara E. Bernardo , Shores Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper quantifies preferences for income equality and mobility by generating statistics that are uncorrelated with beliefs and can be interpreted as marginal rates of substitution (MRS). All things being equal, U.S. residents are willing to reduce average income by $2,744 to reduce the 90/10 income inequality ratio one unit, and $1,228 to increase income mobility from the bottom quintile one percentage point. Democrats and Independents have similar preferences for both social variables, while Republicans have an MRS that is about two-thirds that of Democrats and Independents for both income inequality and mobility.
Freeway Revolts! The Quality of Life Effects of Highways
Authors: Brinkman Jeffrey , Lin Jeffrey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Why do freeways affect spatial structure? We identify and quantify the local disamenity effects of freeways. Freeways cause slower growth in central neighborhoods (where local disamenities exceed regional accessibility benefits) compared with outlying neighborhoods (where access benefits exceed disamenities). A quantitative model calibrated to Chicago attributes one-third of the effect of freeways on central-city decline to reduced quality of life. Barrier effects are a major factor in the disamenity value of a freeway. Local disamenities from freeways, as opposed to their regional accessibility benefits, had large effects on the spatial structure of cities, suburbanization, and welfare.
Ask a Local: Improving the Public Pricing of Land Titles in Urban Tanzania
Authors: Manara Martina , Regan Tanner 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Information on willingness-to-pay is key for public pricing and allocation of services but not easily collected. Studying land titles in Dar-es-Salaam, we ask whether local leaders know and will reveal plot owners’ willingness-to-pay. We randomly assign leaders to predict under different settings then elicit owners’ actual willingness-to-pay. Demand is substantial but below exorbitant fees. Leaders can predict the aggregate demand curve and distinguish variation across owners. Predictions worsen when used to target subsidies, but adding cash incentives mitigates this. We demonstrate that leader-elicited information can improve the public pricing of title deeds, raising uptake while maintaining public funds.