bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Evolution of a Geological Nuclear Waste Repository in a Creep-Prone Shale Formation
Authors: Sasaki T. , Rutqvist J. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:
This study investigates the effect of shale creep on the stress evolution of a generic nuclear waste repository. Thermo-hydromechanically (THM) coupled simulations were carried out with the TOUGH-FLAC simulator to model temperature/pore pressure/stress changes due to the decay heating from nuclear waste. The Norton-Bailey creep model, which was calibrated against published creep experiments on shale, was used to simulate different creep properties of shale (i.e., no creep vs. creep). Results show that shale without creep generated and maintained high stress concentrations (~40 MPa) near the disposal tunnel for an extremely long period (~10,000 years), whereas shale with creep dissipated the stress concentrations and developed uniform and isotropic stress field of roughly 12 MPa (in compression), which corresponded with the overburden stress level at the tunnel depth, by as early as 100 years since the emplacement of nuclear waste. Also, it was found that shale with creep increased compressive stresses in the bentonite backfill compared to shale without creep by as much as 130% at 10,000 years due to creep-induced tunnel volume reduction.

1. INTRODUCTION
A permanent solution to accumulating nuclear waste will be geological nuclear waste repositories (IAEA, 2003). Geological repositories confine nuclear waste deep underground to protect the biosphere with a multi-barrier system (Apted & Ahn, 2010). The barrier system consists of natural barriers (i.e., formations) and an engineered barrier system (EBS) (e.g., bentonite backfill), which is placed around nuclear waste canisters in the disposal tunnel. The EBS not only provides mechanical support to the nuclear waste canister but also enhances the stability of the formation around the tunnel, which could be damaged during tunnel excavation (Rutqvist, 2015). The excavation damaged zone (EDZ) could provide flow paths for radionuclides if they are released (Tsang et al., 2005). Hence, it is crucial to evaluate the stability of the EBS, EDZ, and surrounding formation for the long term in order to assess the safety of geological nuclear waste repositories.
Study on Rock Breaking Mechanism and Optimization of PDC Cutter for Deep Water HTHP Plastic Mudstone
Authors: Chen Haodong , Liu Hexing , Han Xu , Jin Yan , Liang Jiwen , Wang Shiguo , Lu Yunhu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT:
Mudstone with high clay content was developed in the deep stratum of a deep-water block in the South China Sea. During drilling, under the action of the high-density drilling fluid hydrostatic column pressure, the mudstone stratum presents hard-plastic characteristics. It is difficult for the PDC bit cutters to penetrate the stratum, resulting in low ROP. In response to the above problems, the rock mechanics experiments of downhole mudstone were carried out. The numerical model of the PDC cutter cutting mudstone was established to analyze the influence of the PDC cutter parameters on the rock-breaking efficiency. Studies have shown that the rock-breaking efficiency of the non-planar cutter is better than that of the planar cutter; the rock-breaking efficiency of 16 mm diameter cutter is better than that of 19 mm diameter cutter; as the back dip angle of the PDC cutter increases, the rock-breaking efficiency of PDC cutters decreases. Personalized PDC bits suitable for this block have been selected through the above research. The field application shows that the ROP has improved greatly compared with the adjacent wells. The research provides theoretical and technical support for the efficient drilling of deep-water plastic mudstone in this block.

1. INTRODUCTION
A deep-water block in the western part of the South China Sea, with a water depth of 850~990m, has complex and variable formation pressure, with the maximum formation pressure coefficient reaching 2.38 g/cm3, and complex mudstone development in the deep strata. During drilling, the mudstone formation shows high strength and plasticity under the action of high-density drilling fluid hydrostatic column pressure, which makes it difficult for the PDC cutter to penetrate the formation, resulting in a decrease in rock-breaking efficiency, the average ROP is only 5.6 m/h, and the drilling cycle is long, which seriously restricts the exploration and development process.
ANALISIS PENENTUAN BESARAN DAN PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA (Studi Kasus Kesesuaian Penentuan Besaran dan Pengelolaan Dana Desa Dengan Peraturan di Kecamatan Omben Kabupaten Sampang)
Authors: Moh. Syarif  , Amurroin An 
Published: September 2022

Dana Desa adalah dana yang bersumber dari Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara (APBN), yang diperuntukkan bagi Desa yang ditransfer melalui Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah kabupaten/kota dan digunakan untuk membiayai penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, pelaksanaan pembangunan, pembinaan kemasyarakatan, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati. Fokus penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti yaitu untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penentuan besaran dan pengelolaan Dana Desa dengan peraturan di Kecamatan Omben Kabupaten Sampang.
Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa penentuan besaran Dana Desa masih ada ketidak singkronan data yang dimiliki oleh desa dengan sejumlah data yang diterima oleh tim yang merumuskan penentuan besaran Dana Desa untuk masing-masing desa di Kabupaten Sampang, khususnya Kecamatan Omben
Pos Ekonomi Digital Sebagai Regualasi Peningkatan Serapan Tenaga Kerja Umkm Di Di Desa Pragaan Daya Kec. Pragaan Kab. Sumenep
Authors: Abrori  
Published: September 2022

Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) memiliki kontribusi cukup besar dalam meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Peningkatan kontribusi UMKM terhadap pertumbuhan nasional harus terus diupayakan. UMKM berperan penting dalam perluasan kesempatan kerja dan penyerapan tenaga kerja, serta pertumbuhan produk domestik bruto (PDB). Berdasarkan data kementerian koperasi dan UMKM, UMKM telah mampu menyerap sekitar 97% tenaga kerja di Indonesia, serta kontribusi UMKM pada PDB mencapai 61,07% pada 2020. Sebagai penopang perekonomian, usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah sudah seharusnya diberdayakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pertumbuhan ekonomi dan diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi ketimpangan ekonomi.
Kondisi di desa Pragaan Daya yang merupakan bagian dari Kabupaten Sumenep, UMKM yang bergerak di berbagai produk senantiasa mencatatkan pertumbuhan cukup tinggi di beberapa tahun terakhir. Akan tetapi, pada tahun 2020-2021 jumlah UMKM di desa Pragaan Daya mengalami penurunan akibat dampak pandemi Covid-19 dan penerapan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) yang berdampak pada terbatasnya kegiatan UMKM.
التعدد الديني باعث لحوار الاديان - دراسة قرآنية
Authors: Meras Meras 
Published: September 2022

ان أصل العلاقة مع الآخر هي السلم، والحوار هو احد مظاهر السلم الذي يدعو له الاسلام في قوله تعالى: ﴿ادْخُلُوا فِي السِّلْمِ كَافَّةً﴾([i])، وماسيتم بحثه هنا هو: بيان موقف القرآن الكريم من الحوار في ظل تعدد الاخر الديني، من جهة حفاظ الحوار على غايته من دون ان تفقده أهميته ودواعيه، والتي اظهرته كمظهر من مظاهر اقرار التعددية الدينية وجزء منها لايمكن التغاضي عنه

([i]) البقرة: 208.
المنهج الفقهي في تفسير القرآن الكريم
Authors: Dr.Ali Ahmed Nasser  
Published: September 2022

يعد علم التفسير من أهم وأجلى العلوم الإسلامية ، ذلك لأنه يبين المعنى المراد من كلام الله سبحانه في القرآن الكريم باعتبار ان القرآن الكريم يمثل القانون الالهي الاول الذي يعتمد عليه المسلمون .
فقد اشار القرآن الكريم في بعض آياته الى الأحكام الشرعية الخاصة بالأمور التكليفية للناس على المستوى الفردي والاجتماعي والتي بلغ عددها 500 آية على ما هو المشهور بين العلماء .
وقد تم العمل بهذا التفسير في القرن الاول للرسالة ، فكان الصحابة يسألون الرسول محمد (ص) في أي امر مبهم فيما يخص التشريع ، ومن بعد الرسول انتهج اهل بيته (ع) هذا النهج فقاموا باستنباط الأحكام الشرعية من الآيات الخاصة بالأحكام .
واستمر العمل بهذا المنهج الى وقتنا الحاضر وقد قام العلماء من الامامية والمذاهب الاخرى بوضع القواعد والاسس لهذا المنهج لاجل استنباط الأحكام الشرعية من خلال طريقين :
الاول : الطريق الترتيبي .
الثاني : الطريق الموضوعي
الامثال في كتاب سيبويه، دراسة تداولية
Authors: Dr.T Kahtan Hady Hassan  
Published: September 2022

كان لتوافر كثير من المفاهيم اللغوية الحديثة في آراء القدماء وتقريراتهم أثركبير في ثراء الدرس الحديث، وكتاب سيبويه الارث الغني الذي لايزال يمد معظم الدراسات اللغوية الحديثة بأسس عربية فصيحة، والدراسات التداولية شكل من تلك المباحث التي وجد الباحث صداها في جانب إجرائي لعينة لغوية وهي الامثال التي رواها سيبويه عن العرب الفصحاء.
وبتطبيق الجوانب النظرية للبحث التداولي المتمثل بـ:( الإشاريات، الافتراض السابق، الاستلزام الحواري،الأفعال الكلامية)على مجموعة من الامثال العربية ،ومن ثم بيان البعد التداولي لها من منظور التداولية الحديثة.
إشكالية تحديد معنى الأداة في النص القرآني حروف الجرِّ إنموذجًا
Authors: Dr. Khairallah Mahdi Jassim Muhammad Al-Zughair  
Published: September 2022

ما نروم إليه في بحثنا هذا التوصل إلى طريقة موضوعية تبحث في إشكالية تعدد معنى حروف الجرِّ في النص القرآني، وكان من مؤشرات تعدد المعنى الابتعاد عن مراعاة سياق النص القرآني الذي يتلاءم ومعنى الحرف، إذ الملحظ السائد بين النحويين أو المفسرين ينحو إلى انتقاء المعنى بما يتلاءم وجملة التركيب الواحدة بما يتحقق بها الاسناد الركني، وكذا تحديد المعنى بعيدًا عن المعطيات اللغوية، دون النظر إلى أبعاد النص وسياقه اللغوي الذي يفضي إلى تحديد معنىً معيَّن، مثل الاقتصار في تحديد معنى حرف الجرِّ على مفهوم التعدي فيضَّمن الفعل معنى فعل آخر أو يضمن الحرف معنى حرف آخر، فيكون هذا المنظور ابتعادًا عن المعنى الذي يتوافق وسياق النص القرآني.
ومن جانب آخر يمثل البحث معالجة لغوية لتحديد معنى حرف الجرِّ، إذ استعمال الحرف بما يولِّد احتمال أكثر من معنى لا ينفي دلالة الأصل مع تضمين المعنى السياقي، فاستعمال "في" في سياق يدل على معنى "على" لا ينفي معنى الاستقرار الذي تدلُّ عليه "في" فيكون معنى الحرف مجموع الدلالتين، فقوله تعالى "لأُصّلِبَنَّهم في جذوع النخلة" لا ينفي المعنيين، فالدلالة يراد منها الاستقرار على جذوع النخل الذي يحمله معنى "في" ومعنى الاستعلاء الذي يحمله معنى "على"، وخلاصة القول أنَّ استعمال حرف الجرَّ على غير معناه يوسع المعنى بضميمة معنيين لا معنى واحد.
الكلمات المفتاحية
Comparison of Work Relative Value Units for Outpatient Pediatric and Adult Dermatology Encounters
Authors: Supapannachart Krittin J. , Wolner Zachary , Miller Allison E. , Comstock Jeanette R. , Di Mengyu , Lawley Leslie P. , Drolet Beth A. , Orenstein Lauren A. V. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceDermatologists with specialty training in pediatric dermatology are scarce, which can mean extended wait times and reduced access to care for patients. Lower compensation for pediatric dermatology visits compared with adult visits may affect physician career choice and contribute to workforce shortages.ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in work relative value units (wRVUs) generated by pediatric and adult outpatient dermatology encounters.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from outpatient dermatology encounters at a single-site academic center in Atlanta, Georgia, from September 1, 2016, to March 31, 2020. Encounters with patients younger than 18 years were classified as pediatric, and encounters with those 18 years or older were classified as adult. Encounters with missing data were excluded as were those generating 0 wRVUs, inpatient visits, nursing visits, postoperative encounters, cosmetic procedures, phototherapy visits, and Mohs surgery encounters.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWork relative value units generated per encounter type were assessed through multivariable linear regression models adjusted for the potential confounder of sex.ResultsThe study included 12 989 pediatric dermatology encounters (mean [SD] age, 7.3 [5.2] years; 7586 [58.4%] girls) and 78 057 adult dermatology encounters (mean [SD] age, 54.9 [18.9] years; 45 724 [58.6%] women). Pediatric encounters were associated with 0.23 (95% CI, 0.21-0.25; P &amp;lt; .001) fewer wRVUs than adult encounters after adjusting for sex. In a mediation analysis, biopsies and destruction of premalignant lesions explained 74.1% (95% CI, 69.6%-77.9%; P &amp;lt; .001) of the wRVU difference between pediatric and adult encounters.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found significant differences in wRVUs generated between adult and pediatric dermatology encounters that were largely attributable to biopsies and destruction of premalignant lesions. Policies that increase the value of cognitive services to be on par with procedural care may mitigate wRVU differences and improve reimbursement for pediatric dermatologists.
Cost-effectiveness of an Emergency Department–Based Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bassin Benjamin S. , Haas Nathan L. , Sefa Nana , Medlin Richard , Peterson Timothy A. , Gunnerson Kyle , Maxwell Steve , Cranford James A. , Laurinec Stephanie , Olis Christine , Havey Renee , Loof Robert , Dunn Patrick , Burrum Debra , Gegenheimer-Holmes Jennifer , Neumar Robert W. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceValue in health care is quality per unit cost (V = Q/C), and an emergency department–based intensive care unit (ED-ICU) model has been associated with improved quality. To assess the value of this care delivery model, it is essential to determine the incremental direct cost of care.ObjectiveTo determine the association of an ED-ICU with inflation-adjusted change in mean direct cost of care, net revenue, and direct margin per ED patient encounter.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective economic analysis evaluated the cost of care delivery to patients in the ED before and after deployment of the Joyce and Don Massey Family Foundation Emergency Critical Care Center, an ED-ICU, on February 16, 2015, at a large academic medical center in the US with approximately 75 000 adult ED visits per year. The pre–ED-ICU cohort was defined as all documented ED visits by patients 18 years or older with a complete financial record from September 8, 2012, through June 30, 2014 (660 days); the post–ED-ICU cohort, all visits from July 1, 2015, through April 21, 2017 (660 days). Fiscal year 2015 was excluded from analysis to phase in the new care model. Statistical analysis was performed March 1 through December 30, 2021.ExposuresImplementation of an ED-ICU.Main Outcomes and MeasuresInflation-adjusted direct cost of care, net revenue, and direct margin per patient encounter in the ED.ResultsA total of 234 884 ED visits during the study period were analyzed, with 115 052 patients (54.7% women) in the pre–ED-ICU cohort and 119 832 patients (54.5% women) in the post–ED-ICU cohort. The post–ED-ICU cohort was older (mean [SD] age, 49.1 [19.9] vs 47.8 [19.6] years;P &amp;lt; .001), required more intensive respiratory support (2.2% vs 1.1%;P &amp;lt; .001) and more vasopressor use (0.5% vs 0.2%;P &amp;lt; .001), and had a higher overall case mix index (mean [SD], 1.7 [2.0] vs 1.5 [1.7];P &amp;lt; .001). Implementation of the ED-ICU was associated with similar inflation-adjusted total direct cost per ED encounter (pre–ED-ICU, mean [SD], $4875 [$15 175]; post–ED-ICU, $4877 [$17 400];P = .98). Inflation-adjusted net revenue per encounter increased by 7.0% (95% CI, 3.4%-10.6%;P &amp;lt; .001), and inflation-adjusted direct margin per encounter increased by 46.6% (95% CI, 32.1%-61.2%;P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceImplementation of an ED-ICU was associated with no significant change in inflation-adjusted total direct cost per ED encounter. Holding delivery costs constant while improving quality demonstrates improved value via the ED-ICU model of care.
Vertical distribution of seismic design load for seismically isolated buildings corresponding to diversity of seismic isolation devices
Authors: Kobayashi Masahito , Tanizaki Gou , Matsuda Shingo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a vertical distribution of seismic design load of seismically isolated buildings corresponding to diversity of seismic isolation devices such as hysteretic dampers and/or velocity‐dependent dampers. This proposed method is obtained from the relationship between response amplification caused by higher‐mode responses and key parameters such as Isolation ratio and Non‐linearity factor which evaluate structural characteristics of seismically isolated buildings. This response amplification is explained by nonlinear modal analysis with free‐free vibration mode. In addition, it is confirmed that this proposed method adapts to various model of seismically isolated buildings.
The contribution of alternative habitats for conservation of plant species associated with threatened semi‐natural grasslands
Authors: Johansen Line , Henriksen Marie V. , Wehn Sølvi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Conservation of species associated with semi‐natural grasslands, a threatened habitat, is dependent on their ability to disperse between the few and fragmented patches remaining in the landscape. To maintain metapopulations dynamics and reduce the risk of regional extinction, it is essential to know whether other, more widespread, habitats can act as alternative habitat for the biodiversity associated with threatened habitats.
Here, we study how four widespread habitat types in boreal landscapes—forest, permanent grassland, abandoned grassland and road verge—can contribute to the conservation of plant species found in semi‐natural grasslands which is a species‐rich ecosystem important for plant and pollinator diversity that has experienced extensive reduction, fragmentation and isolation. We compare richness of all vascular plants, insect‐pollinated plants and semi‐natural grassland specialists among habitat types in two regions is Norway where semi‐natural grasslands are few and fragmented.
Based on overlap in community composition and local species richness, road verges were the most promising alternative habitat for both insect‐pollinated plants and semi‐natural grasslands specialists. Several habitat specialist species were, however, only found in semi‐natural grasslands and, for these species, no other habitat can be considered suitable as alternative habitat.
Our results highlight that a holistic management perspective is needed to maintain biodiversity associated with semi‐natural grasslands. Thus, both the protection of remaining patches of the primary, threatened habitats as well as management of widespread, alternative habitats in the landscape should be prioritized.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed CH Activation in Target Oriented Synthesis of Natural Products and Active Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Authors: Kommagalla Yadagiri , Ramana Chepuri V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

In this article, some of the ruthenium‐catalyzed directed and nondirected CH activation led functionalizations, such as alkylation, alkenylation, arylation, and amidation, which have been elegantly applied in the synthesis of various natural products and active pharmaceutical intermediates (API), has been described. Along with this, the novel approaches like the transient directing group (TDG) and chiral transient directing group (CTDC) aided asymmetric synthesis of the key intermediates employed in a total synthesis have been also narrated. In the majority of the cases, readily available inexpensive and air tolerant [RuCl
2
(
p
‐cymene)]
2
and RuCl
3
·
x
H
2
O complexes were often employed as catalysts, thus providing the sustainable step economic strategies for natural products and APIs synthesis and as potential alternative to conventional methods.
Screening Prostate Cancer Cell‐Derived Exosomal MicroRNA Expression with Photothermal‐Driven Digital PCR
Authors: Zhang Lexiang , Li Wenzhao , Parvin Rokshana , Wang XiaoChen , Fan Qihui , Ye Fangfu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExosomes are cell‐derived extracellular vesicles which enclose genetic substances from their origin cells, offering a good source of biomarkers. Many efforts have been made to develop non‐invasive exosome‐based clinical diagnosis, which are urgently needed for prostate cancer, as traditional methods are criticized due to the inaccuracy and discomfort. In this study, a simple, universal process for genotyping of exosome‐derived microRNAs using nanoparticles to capture exosomes and the novel photothermal droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect target molecules is presented. To detect the target sensitively and simply, the smart ddPCR thermocycling of the agarose microcarriers can be controllably realized via embedding photothermal MXene and magnetic nanoparticles composite, and then irradiating with a homemade automated near‐infrared control module. Duplex photothermal‐driven ddPCR cooperating with dual TaqMan probes enabled simultaneously and quantitatively detecting copy numbers of prostate oncogenes microRNA‐21‐5p, microRNA‐375‐3p, and metastasis microRNA‐574‐3p along with the control microRNA‐30a‐5p within the extracted exosomes. The results show that the expression levels of these biomarkers in prostate cancer cell lines PC‐3 and DU145 are 7–210 folds higher than those in healthy control cells HaCaT and HUVEC. Thus, it is believed that these versatile exosomal microRNA genotyping approaches are potentially valuable for diverse clinical applications.
Visualization of a Limonene Synthesis Metabolon Inside Living Bacteria by Hyperspectral SRS Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Shin Jonghyeon , Tague Nathan , Lin Haonan , Zhang Meng , Ge Xiaowei , Wong Wilson , Dunlop Mary J. , Cheng Ji‐Xin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonitoring biosynthesis activity at single‐cell level is key to metabolic engineering but is still difficult to achieve in a label‐free manner. Using hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging in the 670–900 cm−1region, localized limonene synthesis are visualized inside engineeredEscherichia coli. The colocalization of limonene and GFP‐fused limonene synthase is confirmed by co‐registered stimulated Raman scattering and two‐photon fluorescence images. The finding suggests a limonene synthesis metabolon with a polar distribution inside the cells. This finding expands the knowledge ofde novolimonene biosynthesis in engineered bacteria and highlights the potential of SRS chemical imaging in metabolic engineering research.
Neuronal loss of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in primary progressive aphasia is associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes
Authors: Schaeverbeke Jolien , Tomé Sandra O. , Ronisz Alicja , Ospitalieri Simona , von Arnim Christine A. F. , Otto Markus , Vandenberghe Rik , Thal Dietmar Rudolf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionImaging studies indicated basal forebrain reduction in primary progressive aphasia (PPA), which might be a candidate marker for cholinergic treatment. Nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) neuronal loss has been reported, but a systematic quantitative neuropathological assessment including the three clinical PPA variants is lacking.MethodsQuantitative assessment of neuronal density and pathology was performed on nbM tissue of 47 cases: 15 PPA, constituting the different clinicopathological phenotypes, 14 Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 18 cognitively normals.ResultsGroup‐wise, reduced nbM neuronal density was restricted to AD. At the individual level, semantic variant PPA with underlying AD neuropathological change (ADNC) had lower neuronal densities, while those with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP‐43) type C pathology were unaffected. Higher Braak stages and increased numbers of nbM‐related pretangles were associated with nbM neuronal loss.DiscussionnbM neuronal loss in PPA is related to ADNC. This study cautions against overinterpreting MRI‐based basal forebrain volumes in non‐AD PPA as neuronal loss.