bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating unfrozen water and its components during freeze–thaw action in loess using a novel NMR technique
Authors: Shi Yajun , Zhang Lianhai , Ma Wei , Yang Chengsong , Han Dawei , Shang Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrost heave and thaw settlement are primarily caused by water migration. Variations in liquid water and its components during freezing and thawing are crucial variables for investigating water migration. Here, a novel soil layer‐scanning method based on magnetic resonance imaging cryogenic soil‐moisture analysis (MRI‐CSMA) was applied to measure dynamic changes of liquid water and its components in nine layers (each 11.1‐mm thick) of four loess samples with different initial water contents (9.2%, 15.7%, 20.0%, and 30.0%) in freezing–thawing experiments under a closed system. The ice–water phase transition and water migration were key factors that controlled the liquid water and its components. During freezing, the liquid water content of each layer (except layer 7) decreased. In the frozen zone (layers 1–6), the liquid water content decreased with decreasing temperature owing to the water–ice phase transition. The lower the temperature, the higher the fraction of water that transitioned to ice. In the unfrozen zone (layers 8–9), parts of the liquid water migrated upward owing to the suction generated at the freezing front. The farther away the freezing front, the smaller the suction and quantity of water migration. During thawing, the liquid water content of each layer increased owing to the ice–water phase transition in the frozen zone and infiltrated down to the unfrozen zone. The contents of the free and adsorbed water exhibited similar change trends to the liquid water content during freezing. However, the change degree of free water was much larger than that of adsorbed water because the phase transition and migration of free water is easier than that of absorbed water. Notably, the liquid water content near the freezing front (layer 7) increased in the early stage of freezing, owing to the combined effect of soil compression and the water–ice phase transition. These results provide a reference for research on water migration in the soil during freezing–thawing and validate the advantage of MRI‐CSMA when characterising water migration in large soil samples.Highlights
A novel device (MRI Cryogenic Soil‐Moisture Analyzer) was used.
Variations in unfrozen water and its components during freezing were studied.
Soil consolidation and pore pressure affect the liquid water change during freezing.
Mutually promoting or constraining? Disentangling the superimposed effect of velocity and illuminance on fish motion in low‐velocity flows with a novel metric
Authors: Lin Chenyu , Deng Zhiqun Daniel , Shi Xiaotao , Dai Huichao , Wang Jingxian , Huang Wenqin , Luo Jia , Huang Jie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Global climate change, species invasion, and human activities such as the construction of hydraulic facilities are contributing to the worldwide degradation of fish stocks. As a pivotal environmental factor that affects fish migration and population distribution, the low‐velocity flow has not drawn enough attention despite its extensive presence in various ecoregions.

To understand the behavioural profiles of fish in low‐velocity flow, we examined the motility and swimming performance of two representative cyprinids, grass carp (GC, Ctenopharyngodon idella) and silver carp (SC, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), under the combined effect of different flow velocities and illuminance ranges.

The two species were exposed to two flow velocities (0.15 and 0.25 m/s) and three illuminance ranges (100.0–0.9 lx, 300.0–2.5 lx, and 700.0–4.9 lx). A novel behavioural metric, composed of light preference, swimming speed, rheotaxis index (RI), swimming stability (SS), and the probability of moving forwards/backwards over a certain distance (PMf‐0.1 and PMb‐0.1), was developed to fully characterise the motion strategy of fish.

By analysing the individual distribution in light gradient, we confirmed the scototaxis of GC and found the oscillating light preference in SC that changed from 84.41–10.18 to 6.00–2.08 lx and disappeared with increasing illuminance. The RI and SS increased at the fast flow velocity (0.25 m/s) for both species, and SC was more forward‐prone and more stable than GC. Despite the fluctuating light preference, the higher illuminances heightened the RI and SS in SC, while in GC, higher illuminances inhibited the SS and had no impact on the RI. The results of PMf‐0.1 and PMb‐0.1 indicated that a higher flow velocity could facilitate the temporary upstream swimming in both species, while illuminance could only promote the same effect in SC.

Finally, our study proposed possible manoeuvres in fine‐scale spatio‐temporal scenarios such as attraction flow and non‐traditional passages and provided valuable insights into fish community dynamics, laying the groundwork for alleviating the threat from invasive species and for future fish population recovery.
Diagnostic Tests for the Necessity of Weight in Regression With Survey Data
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang HaiYing , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2022

SummaryTo weight or not to weight in regression analyses with survey data has been debated in the literature. The problem is essentially a tradeoff between the bias and the variance of the regression coefficient estimator. An array of diagnostic tests for informative weights have been developed. Nonetheless, studies comparing the performance of the tests, especially for finite samples, are scarce, and the theoretical equivalence of some tests has not been investigated. Focusing on the linear regression setting, we review a collection of such tests and propose enhanced versions of some of them that require an auxiliary regression model for the weight. Further, the equivalence of two popular tests is established which has not been reported before. In contrast to existing reviews with no empirical comparison, we compare the sizes and powers of the tests in simulation studies. The reviewed tests are applied to a regression analysis of the family expenditure using the data from the China Family Panel Study.
4‐phenylpyridine suppresses UVB‐induced skin inflammation by targeting c‐Src in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kim Ju Gyeong , Kang Ha Yeong , Kim Min Jeong , Lim Seokwon , Lee Chang Joo , Kim Kyung‐Min , Jung Sung Keun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcute or repetitive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) cause disruptions to the skin barrier and subsequent inflammatory skin disease. 4‐phenylpyridine (4‐PP) is a constituent of Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis and its effect on skin inflammation and molecular target remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to confirm the anti‐inflammatory efficacy of 4‐PP on UVB‐induced skin inflammation in human keratinocytes HaCaT and mouse skin and validation of its molecular target. 4‐PP also attenuated UVB‐induced phosphorylation of p38/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) 3/6, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1/2, MKK 4/7, extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1/2. Additionally, 4‐PP inhibited UVB‐induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Y1068, Y1045 and 854 residues but not the proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase c‐Src. Drug affinity responsive target stability assay revealed that 4‐PP directly binds to c‐Src and inhibits pronase c‐proteolysis. Knockdown of c‐Src inhibited UVB‐induced COX‐2 expression and phosphorylation of MAPKs and EGFR in HaCaT cells. Dorsal treatment of 4‐PP prevented UVB (0.5 J/cm2)‐induced skin thickness, phosphorylation of EGFR and COX‐2 expression in mouse skin. Our findings suggest that 4‐PP can be used as anti‐inflammatory agent with an effect of skin inflammation by inhibiting the COX‐2 expression via suppressing the c‐Src/EGFR/MAPKs signalling pathway.
Treatment of stage IV periodontitis: The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline
Authors: Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , Kebschull Moritz , Jepsen Søren , Sculean Anton , Berglundh Tord , Papapanou Panos N. , Chapple Iain , Tonetti Maurizio S. ,   EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultant
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe recently published clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the treatment of periodontitis in stages I–III provided evidence‐based recommendations for the treatment of periodontitis patients, defined according to the 2018 classification. Stage IV periodontitis shares the severity and complexity characteristics of stage III periodontitis, but includes the anatomical and functional sequelae of tooth and periodontal attachment loss (tooth flaring and drifting, bite collapse, etc.), which require additional interventions following completion of active periodontal therapy.AimTo develop an S3 Level CPG for the treatment of stage IV periodontitis, focusing on the implementation of inter‐disciplinary treatment approaches required to treat/rehabilitate patients following associated sequelae and tooth loss.Materials and MethodsThis S3 Level CPG was developed by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), following methodological guidance from the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process. A rigorous and transparent process included synthesis of relevant research in 13 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific recommendations and a structured consensus process with leading experts and a broad base of stakeholders.ResultsThe S3 Level CPG for the treatment of stage IV periodontitis culminated in recommendations for different interventions, including orthodontic tooth movement, tooth splinting, occlusal adjustment, tooth‐ or implant‐supported fixed or removable dental prostheses and supportive periodontal care. Prior to treatment planning, it is critically important to undertake a definitive and comprehensive diagnosis and case evaluation, obtain relevant patient information, and engage in frequent re‐evaluations during and after treatment. The periodontal component of therapy should follow the CPG for the treatment of periodontitis in stages I–III.ConclusionsThe present S3 Level CPG informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers and, indirectly, the public on the available and most effective modalities to treat patients with stage IV periodontitis and to maintain a healthy dentition over lifetime, according to the available evidence at the time of publication.
Immune signature as a potential marker for predicting response to immunotherapy in obesity‐associated colorectal cancer
Authors: Park Sungjin , An Jungsuk , Ha Seung Yeon , Nam Seungyoon , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimIt remains unclear whether immunotherapy, which is not generally considered for microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used to effectively treat select CRC patients. We investigated the feasibility of obesity‐associated MSS CRC patients for immunotherapy based on genomic alterations.MethodsWe evaluated differences in genomic alteration types and immune signatures between obese and non‐obese patients with MSS CRC. We performed genomic analyses using 434 CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients with MSS CRC were stratified into subgroups based on their BMI and numbers of nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) and frameshift insertions and deletions (fs INDELs) using machine learning.ResultsThe obese subgroup showed higher incidences of single nucleotide variants (SNV) and insertions and deletions (INDELs) in comparison with healthy weight patients with MSS CRC. The subgroup, who had higher numbers of nsSNVs and fs INDLEs, exhibited increased immune signatures, increased number of SNV‐derived neoantigens, and had up‐regulated two immune checkpoint genes in comparison with healthy weight patients with MSS CRC, reflecting interactions between the cancer genome and immune system.ConclusionsThis study suggests that immunotherapy may be suitable for some obesity‐associated CRC patients.
Constraining the P–T path of (U)HP rocks with reaction overstepping during subduction; example from the Western Gneiss Region (Norway)
Authors: Faryad Shah Wali , Ježek Josef , Kulhánek Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the results of petrological observations and diffusion modelling on garnet from high‐pressure to ultrahigh‐pressure ((U)HP) metamorphic rocks of the Western Gneiss Region in the Nordfjord. Garnet from kyanite‐bearing micaschist preserves two generations of garnet growth that are related to the Pre‐Caledonian granulite facies and Caledonian eclogite facies metamorphic events. Mafic eclogite, forming lenses in the micaschist, contains only eclogite facies assemblages with partial recrystallization under amphibolite facies conditions. Caledonian garnet in both the micaschist and hosting eclogite indicates reaction overstepping and nucleation near or above 550°C/2.0 GPa. Maximum pressure and temperature, calculated using pseudosection modelling for the eclogite facies event, were ~2.6 GPa and 650°C. The interface between the Pre‐Caledonian and Caledonian garnet in the micaschist shows a strong compositional gradient or possibly a compositional jump. The preservation of such a gradient together with the hummocky‐shaped composition profiles in the Caledonian garnet from the eclogite indicates either no relaxation or a short‐time of relaxation of the rocks at their peak temperature conditions, as well as their exhumation by cooling. Possibly, heating or exhuming of the rocks by isothermal decompression could have easily modified such compositional irregularities along the garnet profiles. A cooling rate of ~187°C/Ma and exhumation rate in the vertical direction of ~2.5 cm/year for the HP rocks were obtained by considering that the temperature and transport distance changes from their maximum depth and peak temperature to the surface were proportional to the time (3.5 Ma) calculated by modelling for the garnet.
Labour control regimes in the rural and urban workplaces of global production networks: The coffee case of Colombia
Authors: Baquero‐Melo Jairo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study analyses the local labour control regimes (LCRs) in the workplaces of global production networks. Using the ethnographic approach, it examines the control strategies utilized by several stakeholders in coffee production and consumption sites in Colombia. The results demonstrate that transformations in the value chains have changed LCRs due to neoliberal openness and new consumption trends, which led to the creation of exploitation, discipline, and mobilization of labour practices. Rural production occurs in farms with predominant piecework and daily payment, where women play traditional roles that render their contributions invisible and undervalued. Employment in urban cafeterias includes stable and flexible contracts with low wages, increased activities, and supervision. Both situations link productive and reproductive work. Under these scenarios, employees manage various levels of negotiation, response, and endurance.
Influence of the Residual Ridge Widths and Implant Thread Designs on Implant Positioning Using Static Implant Guided Surgery
Authors: Thanasrisuebwong Prakan , Pimkhaokham Atiphan , Jirajariyavej Bundhit , Bencharit Sompop 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeAggressive implant macrothread designs have been widely used. However, the effects of the aggressive thread design on the accuracy of static guided surgery, especially in a case of narrow residual ridge, have not been well‐studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different implant macrothread designs and the residual ridge widths on the accuracy of tooth‐supported static guided implant surgery.Materials and methodsForty implant fixtures with two different macrodesigns: a conventional thread design bone level tapered (BLT), and an aggressive thread design bone level tapered (BLX) were placed in 40 simulated polyurethane models with narrow and wide residual ridges. The placed implant positions were compared with the planned implant position and angulational deviation, as well as three‐dimensional (3D) deviations at the entry and apex of the implant were measured. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons (ɑ = 0.05) were used to determine level of significance between the mean and variance deviation values. 95% confidence intervals and box plots were used to demonstrate the means and ranges of precision.ResultsIn terms of angulational deviation, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean deviations for both types of implants, p = 1.55 and p = 0.84 for wide and narrow ridge groups, respectively. However, the range of deviation was much larger in the narrow ridge of the BLX group compared to the BLT group. In both narrow ridge and wide ridge, the BLX group had lower mean 3D deviation values at both the entry and the apex with statistically significant differences for both entry point of the wide ridge (p = 0.027) and narrow ridge (p = 0.022) as well as at the apex of the wide ridge (p = 0.006) but not the apex of the narrow ridge (p = 0.142).ConclusionThe aggressive larger thread design of dental implants may influence the accuracy of implant placement more than the ridge dimension.
Auditory stimulation in‐phase with slow oscillations to enhance overnight memory consolidation in patients with schizophrenia?
Authors: Weinhold Sara Lena , Lechinger Julia , Timm Nele , Hansen Anja , Ngo Hong‐Viet V. , Göder Robert 
Published: June 2022

SummarySleep‐dependent memory consolidation is disturbed in patients with schizophrenia, who furthermore show reductions in sleep spindles and probably also in delta power during sleep. The memory dysfunction in these patients is one of the strongest markers for worse long‐term functional outcome. However, therapeutic interventions to normalise memory functions, e.g., with medication, still do not exist. Against this backdrop, we investigated to what extent a non‐invasive approach enhancing sleep with real‐time auditory stimulation in‐phase with slow oscillations might affect overnight memory consolidation in patients with schizophrenia. To this end, we examined 18 patients with stably medicated schizophrenia in a double‐blinded sham‐controlled design. Memory performance was assessed by a verbal (word list) and a non‐verbal (complex figure) declarative memory task. In comparison to a sham condition without auditory stimuli, we found that in patients with schizophrenia, auditory stimulation evokes an electrophysiological response similar to that in healthy participants leading to an increase in slow wave and temporally coupled sleep spindle activity during stimulation. Despite this finding, patients did not show any beneficial effect on the overnight change in memory performance by stimulation. Although the stimulation in our study did not improve the patient's memory, the electrophysiological response gives hope that auditory stimulation could enable us to provide better treatment for sleep‐related detriments in these patients in the future.
Glomerular hyperfiltration in morbid obesity: Role of the inflammasome signalling
Authors: Moriconi Diego , Antonioli Luca , Masi Stefano , Bellini Rosario , Pellegrini Carolina , Rebelos Eleni , Taddei Stefano , Nannipieri Monica 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimObesity is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration which may precede the development of overt renal damage. Few studies evaluated the link between inflammasome signalling and hyperfiltration. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between IL1‐β/Caspase‐1, insulin sensitivity and hyperfiltration in subjects with severe obesity, before and after weight loss.MethodsForty‐six patients with BMI > 35 kg/m2, without type‐2‐diabetes or hypertension, were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery with oral glucose tollerance test, bioimpedance analysis and blood tests. The eGFR was calculated according to EPIcr‐cys formula and insulin sensitivity by Oral Glucose Insulin Sensitivity. IL‐1β/Caspase‐1 were measured with the ELISA‐kit. HF was defined as eGFR ≥ 140 ml/min (non‐indexed for BSA).ResultsSixteen subjects at baseline had hyperfiltration, with a higher insulin resistance, BMI, lean mass and plasma levels of IL‐1β/Caspase‐1. After surgery, there was a reduction in BMI and improvement in insulin resistance in all patients. However, in 8 of 16 patients hyperfiltration persisted and IL‐1β/Caspase‐1 levels did not decrease (3.22 ± 0.79 vs. 3.13 ± 1.03 and 23.7 ± 12.1 vs. 20.6 ± 9.1, pre vs. post, pg/ml), while cytokines normalized in all the other patients in parallel with the eGFR. In a logistic regression model, correcting for the main covariates, lean mass and IL‐1β before surgery (p = .01 and p = .03, respectively), were the only predictors of hyperfiltration.ConclusionWeight loss is effective in reducing hyperfiltration in most, but not all patients. Hyperfiltration remains unchanged in subjects who do not have a reduction in IL‐1β/Caspase‐1, suggesting a pathogenetic role of the inflammasome signalling in the early stages of nephropathy.
Biotic and abiotic controls of nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria–moss associations
Authors: Rousk Kathrin 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMost mosses are colonized by nitrogen (N)‐fixing cyanobacteria. This discovery is relatively recent, which can explain the large knowledge gaps the field is now tackling. For instance, while we have a good understanding of the abiotic controls (e.g. nutrient availability, increased temperature), we still do not know much about the biotic controls of N2 fixation in mosses. I propose here that we should endeavour to position moss–cyanobacteria associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum under varying abiotic conditions (e.g. nutrient availability). This would finally unravel the nature of the relationship between the partners and will be a big leap in our understanding of the evolution of plant–bacteria interactions using moss–cyanobacteria associations as a model system.
The effectiveness of technology‐based interventions for weight loss maintenance: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta‐analysis
Authors: Mamalaki Eirini , Poulimeneas Dimitrios , Tsiampalis Thomas , Kouvari Matina , Karipidou Melina , Bathrellou Eirini , Collins Clare E. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Yannakoulia Mary 
Published: June 2022

SummaryObjectiveTo systematically review and meta‐analyze randomized controlled trials on the effects of technology‐based interventions for maintenance of lost weight.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials with at least one intervention arm delivered through the internet or mobile application, published in English until September 2021. Weight change at the end of the weight loss maintenance phase was considered the primary outcome.ResultsTwelve manuscripts with 2941 adults were included in the review; 10 studies were meta‐analyzed. Included interventions had a duration of 3–30 months and were tested compared with minimum interventions (no contact with the study staff or intervention with only a limited number of features) or in‐person groups. Technology‐based interventions resulted in similar weight regain when compared with minimum interventions (ES = −0.07 kg; 95% CI = [−0.57, 0.42]; p = 0.770). However, when compared with in‐person interventions, technology‐based interventions were found to lead in significantly higher weight regain (ES = 1.36 kg; 95% CI = [0.29, 2.43]; p = 0.010).ConclusionWeb‐ and app‐based interventions for weight loss maintenance produced similar results with minimum interventions and resulted in greater weight regain compared with in‐person interventions. Appropriate interventions for weight loss maintenance provide benefits against weight regain, only when provided in‐person.