bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idea paper: Effects of gonad type and body mass on the time required for sex change in fishes
Authors: Tokunaga Soma , Kadota Tatsuru , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Kuwamura Tetsuo , Kawabata Yuuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSex change is a well‐known phenomenon in teleost fishes, and it takes several days to a few months depending on the species and direction of sex change. However, the underlying factors influencing the time required for sex change (TS) remain unclear. Given that the time for producing a new gonad largely determines TS, the gonad type (i.e., whether fish retain the gonad of opposite sex or not [delimited or non‐delimited]) and metabolic rate may affect TS. This study sought to test two hypotheses: (1) the delimited gonad shortens TS and (2) TS scales with mass0.1−0.2, because the metabolic scaling exponent (β) in fishes is 0.8–0.9 and biological times scale with mass1−β in general. We compiled data on TS for 12 female‐to‐male and 14 male‐to‐female sex‐changing species from the literature. Results of individual examinations of the effects of gonad type and mass were consistent with our hypotheses. However, upon simultaneous examination of the effects of gonad type and mass, these effects became unclear because of their strong multicollinearity. The compiled data for delimited and non‐delimited gonads were biased toward the smaller and larger species, respectively, precluding us from being able to statistically distinguish between these effects. Small species with non‐delimited gonads and large species with delimited gonads exist; however, their TS has not been measured with high temporal resolution thus far. Therefore, additional experiments on these species are required to statistically distinguish between, as well as to better understand, the effects of gonad type and mass on TS.
Superlative Morphology from Syntax: SlavicNai‐/Naj‐ and Internal Definiteness Marking in Old Lithuanian
Authors: Wandl Florian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt has long been noticed that the Slavic superlative prefixnai‐/naj‐ comprises two components: *na+ *i. The former can be identified with the preposition Slna‘on(to)’ which developed an intensifying meaning when used as a prefix. The origin of the second component, on the other hand, has not been determined satisfactorily so far. This paper argues that it can be identified with the Slavic definiteness marker. Drawing upon a typologically common pattern, it is supposed that at a pre‐stage of Slavic superlative was derived from the comparative with the aid of a definiteness marker. Definiteness of a noun phrase in earlier Slavic and its neighbouring branch Baltic was denoted by adding a definiteness marker of pronominal origin to the right edge of the adjective. As data from Old Lithuanian show, this morpheme was originally not bound to the position following the adjective. When an adjective/participle was preceded by a prefix/preverb, it could be placed between these two elements. I argue that this state of affairs is also reflected in the Slavic superlative prefixnaj‐/nai‐. Based on the proposed scenario, the article discusses certain general issues related to the externalization of trapped inflectional morphology and the phenomenon of endoclisis.
Acidification behavior of mixtures of pork meat and wet texturized plant proteins in a minced model system
Authors: Ebert Sandra , Michel Wiebke , Gotzmann Lisa , Baune Marie‐Christin , Terjung Nino , Gibis Monika , Weiss Jochen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increasing use of wet texturized plant proteins as meat substitutes requires a characterization of their functional properties, especially in terms of pH‐behavior when being mixed with meat proteins to create so‐called hybrid products. In this study, a minced model system containing pork meat, curing salt, and various amounts (0–100 wt%) of wet extruded proteins from pea (Pea I, II), pumpkin (Pumpkin I, II, III), and sunflower was used to evaluate the effect of mixing on pH and time‐dependent pH‐changes upon the addition of glucono‐delta‐lactone (GDL). Increasing concentrations of plant extrudates resulted in a linear increase of the initial (pH0h), intermediate (pH6h), and final pH48h for all samples and higher slopes at higher native pH of extrudates were found. Acidification kinetics of all samples were similar with a distinct pH‐drop by 0.3 to 0.8 pH‐units per wt% GDL in the first 6 h, followed by a plateau where pH remained constant. At extrudate concentrations of 5 wt% (Pea I, II, Pumpkin I, II) or 15 wt% (Pumpkin III, Sunflower), a sufficient acidification with typically used GDL‐amounts ( = 1 wt%) could be achieved, while higher plant protein contents required higher GDL‐concentrations in order to reach a pH value of 5.0; a common target value in dry‐cured sausages. A mathematical model was proposed to correlate pH, time, acidifier, extrudate concentration, and plant protein origin, to aid in the adjustment of dry‐cured hybrid meat formulations, and to describe thresholds of the feasible extrudate and acidifier concentrations.Practical ApplicationDespite the increasing relevance of texturized plant proteins as meat mimetics, little is known about their functional and process‐related properties. This study shows that plant protein origin, the level of meat replacement, and the amount of acidifier are linked to the time‐dependent pH‐value on the basis of a mathematical model. This brings food developers one step closer in creating tailored formulations and estimating the effects of these novel ingredients in the final product characteristics of hybrid meats and analogues.
The Accuracy and Informativeness of Management Earnings Forecasts: A Review and Unifying Framework*
Authors: Preussner Nicolai A. , Aschauer Ewald 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper synthesizes the literature on management earnings forecasts (MFs) and adaption mechanisms, combines existing theories into a unifying framework, and discusses the primary determinants of MF accuracy and informativeness. The proposed model refines existing theories by emphasizing the dynamics and multiperiod interactions among firm management, financial analysts, and investors, thereby simplifying the assessment of the complex relations within the forecast cycle. Furthermore, we analyze when and to what extent financial analysts and investors anticipate bias and misleading information. Overall, the literature review provides strong support for a positive correlation between the extent and credibility of MFs, on the one hand, and stock returns, share liquidity, and analyst coverage, on the other hand. Earnings forecasts tend to be optimistically biased, with a positive correlation with forecast uncertainty, earnings flexibility, financial distress, investor sentiment, and the share price dependency of managers' remuneration. Firm growth, legal liability, and litigation risk are significantly associated with forecast pessimism. We also find that MF accuracy increases with previous forecast accuracy, firm size, analyst coverage, analyst agreement, management qualifications, and corporate governance level. Moreover, investors do not anticipate the full extent of predictable forecast bias, leading to systematic share price drifts after the announcement of earnings forecasts and actual earnings. The study's results have substantial implications for researchers, firm managers, investors, financial analysts, and regulators. Although managers may enhance their forecasts' credibility by providing precise, bundled, and disaggregated forecasts, external stakeholders should carefully analyze forecast antecedents and characteristics to assess the direction and magnitude of expected MF bias.
Optimizing stable isotope sampling design in terrestrial movement ecology research
Authors: Contina Andrea , Magozzi Sarah , Vander Zanden Hannah B. , Bowen Gabriel J. , Wunder Michael B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recognition of adequate sampling designs is an interdisciplinary topic that has gained popularity over the last decades. In ecology, many research questions involve sampling across extensive and complex environmental gradients. This is the case for stable isotope analyses, which are widely used to characterize large‐scale movement patterns and dietary preferences of organisms across taxa. Because natural‐abundance stable isotope variation in the environment is incorporated into inert animal tissues, such as feathers or hair, it is possible to draw inferences about the type of food and water resources that individuals consumed and the locations where tissues were synthesized. However, modern stable isotope research can benefit from the implementation of robust statistical analyses and well‐designed sampling approaches to improve geographic assignment interpretation.We employed hydrogen stable isotope simulations to study inferences regarding the probability of origin of migratory individuals and reveal gaps in sampling efforts while highlighting uncertainties of assignment model extrapolations. We present an integrative approach that explores multiple sampling strategies across species with different geographic ranges to understand advantages and limitations of animal movement inferences based on stable isotope data.We show the characteristics of different sampling strategies through geographic and isotopic gradients and establish a set of diagnostic tools that uncover the attributes of these gradients and evaluate uncertainties of model results.Our analysis demonstrates that sampling regimes should be evaluated in relation to specific research questions and study constraints, and that adopting a single method across species ranges can lead to a costly but less effective sampling strategy.
Deuterated docosahexaenoic acid protects against oxidative stress and geographic atrophy‐like retinal degeneration in a mouse model with iron overload
Authors: Liu Yingrui , Bell Brent A. , Song Ying , Zhang Kevin , Anderson Brandon , Axelsen Paul H. , Bohannan Whitney , Agbaga Martin‐Paul , Park Hui Gyu , James Genevieve , Brenna J. Thomas , Schmidt Karsten , Dunaief Joshua L. , Shchepinov Mikhail S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOxidative stress plays a central role in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Iron, a potent generator of hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction, has been implicated in AMD. One easily oxidized molecule is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in photoreceptor membranes. Oxidation of DHA produces toxic oxidation products including carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) adducts, which are increased in the retinas of AMD patients. In this study, we hypothesized that deuterium substitution on the bis‐allylic sites of DHA in photoreceptor membranes could prevent iron‐induced retinal degeneration by inhibiting oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Mice were fed with either DHA deuterated at the oxidation‐prone positions (D‐DHA) or control natural DHA and then given an intravitreal injection of iron or control saline. Orally administered D‐DHA caused a dose‐dependent increase in D‐DHA levels in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as measured by mass spectrometry. At 1 week after iron injection, D‐DHA provided nearly complete protection against iron‐induced retinal autofluorescence and retinal degeneration, as determined by in vivo imaging, electroretinography, and histology. Iron injection resulted in carboxyethylpyrrole conjugate immunoreactivity in photoreceptors and RPE in mice fed with natural DHA but not D‐DHA. Quantitative PCR results were consistent with iron‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and retinal cell death in mice fed with natural DHA but not D‐DHA. Taken together, our findings suggest that DHA oxidation is central to the pathogenesis of iron‐induced retinal degeneration. They also provide preclinical evidence that dosing with D‐DHA could be a viable therapeutic strategy for retinal diseases involving oxidative stress.
A longitudinal approach to understanding risk factors for problem alcohol use during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Baptist Mohseni Natasha , Morris Vanessa , Vedelago Lana , Kempe Tyler , Rapinda Karli , Mesmer Emily , Bilevicius Elena , Wardell Jeffrey D. , MacKillop James , Keough Matthew T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a longitudinal study to examine person‐centered heterogeneity in problem drinking risk during the 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic. We aimed to differentiate high‐ from low‐risk subgroups of drinkers during the pandemic, to report on the longitudinal follow‐up of the baseline sample reported in Wardell et al. (Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 44, 2020, 2073), and to examine how subgroups of drinkers differed on coping‐related and pre‐pandemic alcohol vulnerability factors.MethodsCanadian alcohol users (N = 364) were recruited for the study. Participants completed surveys at four waves (spaced 3 months apart), with the first being 7 to 8 weeks after the COVID‐19 state of emergency began in Canada. The data were analyzed using a parallel process latent growth class analysis followed by general linear mixed models analysis.ResultsWe found evidence for three latent classes: individuals who increased drinking (class 1; n = 23), low‐risk drinkers (class 2; n = 311), and individuals who decreased drinking (class 3; n = 30). Participants who increased (vs. those who decreased) problem drinking during the pandemic struggled with increasing levels of social disconnection and were also increasingly more likely to report drinking to cope with these issues. Those in the increasing class (relative to low‐risk drinkers) reported increasing levels of depression during the study. Relative to low‐risk drinkers, participants in the increasing class had higher pre‐pandemic AUDIT scores, greater frequency of solitary drinking, and higher alcohol demand. Interestingly, participants in the decreasing class had the highest pre‐pandemic AUDIT scores.ConclusionsWe examined longitudinal data to identify subgroups of drinkers during the pandemic and to identify factors that may have contributed to increased problem drinking. Findings suggest that while most of the sample did not change their alcohol use, a small portion of individuals escalated use, while a small portion decreased their drinking. Identifying the vulnerability factors associated with increased drinking could aid in the development of preventative strategies and intervention approaches.
A new monocyte epigenetic clock reveals nonlinear effects of alcohol consumption on biological aging in three independent cohorts (N = 2242)
Authors: Liang Xiaoyu , Sinha Rajita , Justice Amy C. , Cohen Mardge H. , Aouizerat Bradley E. , Xu Ke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAssessing the effect of alcohol consumption on biological age is essential for understanding alcohol use‐related comorbidities and mortality. Previously developed epigenetic clocks are mainly based on DNA methylation in heterogeneous cell types, which provide limited knowledge on the impacts of alcohol consumption at the individual cellular level. Evidence shows that monocytes play an important role in both alcohol‐induced pathophysiology and the aging process. In this study, we developed a novel monocyte‐based DNA methylation clock (MonoDNAmAge) to assess the impact of alcohol consumption on monocyte age.MethodsA machine learning method was applied to select a set of chronological age‐associated DNA methylation CpG sites from 1202 monocyte methylomes. Pearson correlation was tested between MonoDNAmAge and chronological age in three independent cohorts (Ntotal = 2242). Using the MonoDNAmAge clock and four established clocks (i.e., HorvathDNAmAge, HannumDNAmAge, PhenoDNAmAge, GrimDNAmAge), we then evaluated the effect of alcohol consumption on epigenetic aging in the three cohorts [i.e., Yale Stress Center Community Study (YSCCS), Veteran Aging Cohort Study (VACS), Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)] using linear and quadratic models.ResultsThe MonoDNAmAge, comprised of 186 CpG sites, was moderately to strongly correlated with chronological age in the three cohorts (r = 0.90, p = 3.12E−181 in YSCCS; r = 0.54, p = 1.75E−96 in VACS; r = 0.66, p = 1.50E−60 in WIHS). More importantly, we found a nonlinear association between MonoDNAmAge and alcohol consumption (pmodel = 4.55E−08, = 7.80E−08 in YSCCS; pmodel = 1.85E−02, = 3.46E−02 in VACS). Heavy alcohol consumption increased EAAMonoDNAmAge up to 1.60 years while light alcohol consumption decreased EAAMonoDNAmAge up to 2.66 years. These results were corroborated by the four established epigenetic clocks (i.e., HorvathDNAmAge, HannumDNAmAge, PhenoDNAmAge, GrimDNAmAge).ConclusionsThe results suggest a nonlinear relationship between alcohol consumption and its effects on epigenetic age. Considering adverse effects of alcohol consumption on health, nonlinear effects of alcohol use should be interpreted with caution. The findings, for the first time, highlight the complex effects of alcohol consumption on biological aging.
Does delirium prevention reduce risk of in‐patient falls among older adults? A systematic review and trial sequential meta‐analysis
Authors: He Steven , Rolls Kaye , Stott Katrina , Shekhar Rozina , Vueti Vaulina , Flowers Kelli , Moseley Margaret , Shepherd Bernadette , Mayahi‐Neysi Mandana , Chasle Briony , Warner Bradley , Ni Chroinin Danielle , Frost Steven A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether delirium prevention interventions reduce the risk of falls among older hospitalised patients.MethodsA systematic search of health‐care databases was undertaken. Given the frequency of small sample sized trials, a trial sequential meta‐analysis was conducted to present estimate summary effects to date. A Bayesian approach was used to estimate the posterior probability of the delirium prevention interventions reducing falls risk by various clinically relevant levels.ResultsFive randomised controlled trials were included in our final meta‐analysis. There was a 43% reduction in the risk of falls among participants in the delirium prevention intervention arm, compared to the control; however, confidence intervals were wide (RE RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.32; 1.00, p = 0.05). This result was found to be statistically significant, according to traditional significance levels (z > 1.96) and the more conservative trial sequential analysis monitoring boundaries. The posterior probabilities of the delirium prevention intervention reducing the risk of falls by 10%, 20% and 30% were 0.86, 0.63 and 0.29 respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review and trial sequential meta‐analysis suggest that delirium prevention trials may reduce the risk of in‐hospital falls among older patients by 43%. However, despite significant risk reduction found upon meta‐analysis, the variation among study populations and intervention components raised questions around its application in clinical practice. Further research is required to investigate what the necessary components of a multifactorial intervention are to reduce both delirium and fall incidence among older adult in‐patients.
Hypoxia and inflammation conditions differentially affect the expression of tissue transglutaminase spliced variants and functional properties of extravillous trophoblast cells
Authors: Arbildi Paula , Rodríguez‐Camejo Claudio , Perelmuter Karen , Bollati‐Fogolín Mariela , Sóñora Cecilia , Hernández Ana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProblemPersistent hypoxia and inflammation beyond early pregnancy are involved in a bad outcome because of defective trophoblast invasiveness. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) coregulates several cell functions. An aberrant expression and/or transamidation activity could contribute to placental dysfunction.Method of studyThe first‐trimester trophoblast cell line (Swan‐71) was used to study TG2 expression and cell functions in the absence or presence of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β) or chemical hypoxia (CoCl2). We analyzed The concentration of cytokines in the supernatant by ELISA; Cell migration by scratch assay; NF‐κB activation by detection of nuclear p65 by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry using a Swan‐71 NF‐κB‐hrGFP reporter cell line. Tissue transglutaminase expression was analyzed by immunoblot and confocal microscopy. Expression of spliced mRNA variants of tissue transglutaminase was analyzed by RT‐PCR. Transamidation activity was assessed by flow cytometry using 5‐(biotinamido)‐pentylamine substrate.ResultsChemical hypoxia and TGase inhibition, but not inflammatory stimuli, decreased Swan‐71 migration. IL‐6 production was also decreased by chemical hypoxia, but increased by inflammation. Intracellular TGase activity was increased by all stimuli, but NF‐κB activation was observed only in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines. TG2 expression was decreased by CoCl2and TNF‐α. Translocation of TG2 and p65 to nuclei was observed only with TNF‐α, without colocalization. Differential relative expression of spliced variants of mRNA was observed between CoCl2and inflammatory stimuli.ConclusionThe observed decrease in total TG2 expression and relative increase in short variants under hypoxia conditions could contribute to impaired trophoblast invasion and impact on pregnancy outcome.
Views and practice of abortion among Queensland midwives and sexual health nurses
Authors: Desai Aakanksha , Maier Belinda , James‐McAlpine Janelle , Prentice Daniel , de Costa Caroline 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA significant barrier to the access of safe abortion is the lack of trained abortion providers. Recent studies show that with appropriate education, nurses and midwives can provide abortions as safely as medical practitioners.AimsTo examine the attitudes and practices of registered midwives (RMs) and sexual health nurses (SHNs) in Queensland toward abortion.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional mixed‐methods questionnaire was distributed to RMs and SHNs from the Queensland Nursing and Midwifery Union. Data were described and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively.ResultsThere was a 20% response rate (n = 624) to the survey from the overall study population. There were 53.5% who reported they would support the provision of abortion in any situation at all; 7.4% held views based on religion or conscience that would make them completely opposed to abortion. There were 92.9% who felt that education surrounding abortion should be part of the core curriculum for midwifery and/or nursing students in Australia. The qualitative responses demonstrated a variety of views and suggestions regarding the practice of abortion.ConclusionsThere was a wide variation in views toward induced abortion from RMs and SHNs in Queensland. While a proportion of respondents opposed abortion in most circumstances, a significant group was in support of abortion in any situation and felt involvement in initiating and/or performing abortion would be within the scope of RMs and SHNs.