bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pyruvate decarboxylase activity of IpdC is a limitation for isobutanol production by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Shu Lin , Gu Jinjie , Wang Qinghui , Sun Shaoqi , Cui Youtian , Fell Jason , Mak Wai Shun , Siegel Justin B. , Shi Jiping , Lye Gary J. , Baganz Frank , Hao Jian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae contains an endogenous isobutanol synthesis pathway. The ipdC gene annotated as an indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase (Kp-IpdC), was identified to catalyze the formation of isobutyraldehyde from 2-ketoisovalerate.

Results
Compared with 2-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis (KivD), a decarboxylase commonly used in artificial isobutanol synthesis pathways, Kp-IpdC has an 2.8-fold lower Km for 2-ketoisovalerate, leading to higher isobutanol production without induction. However, expression of ipdC by IPTG induction resulted in a low isobutanol titer. In vitro enzymatic reactions showed that Kp-IpdC exhibits promiscuous pyruvate decarboxylase activity, which adversely consume the available pyruvate precursor for isobutanol synthesis. To address this, we have engineered Kp-IpdC to reduce pyruvate decarboxylase activity. From computational modeling, we identified 10 amino acid residues surrounding the active site for mutagenesis. Ten designs consisting of eight single-point mutants and two double-point mutants were selected for exploration. Mutants L546W and T290L that showed only 5.1% and 22.1% of catalytic efficiency on pyruvate compared to Kp-IpdC, were then expressed in K. pneumoniae for in vivo testing. Isobutanol production by K. pneumoniae T290L was 25% higher than that of the control strain, and a final titer of 5.5 g/L isobutanol was obtained with a substrate conversion ratio of 0.16 mol/mol glucose.

Conclusions
This research provides a new way to improve the efficiency of the biological route of isobutanol production.
Injuries in alpine summer sports - types, frequency and prevention: a systematic review
Authors: Bigdon Sebastian Frederick , Hecht Verena , Fairhurst Paul Gilbert , Deml Moritz C. , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K. , Albers Christoph E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionSummer alpine sports, including mountain biking, hiking and airborne pursuits, have experienced a recent surge in popularity. Accordingly, trauma associated with these activities has increased. There is a scarcity of literature exploring clinical aspects surrounding injuries. Specifically, no single article provides a general overview, as individual studies tend to focus on one particular sport. In the present study, we performed a systematic literature review to summarize existing knowledge and explore the potential for prevention and clinical decision making in this group.MethodLiterature searches were performed using the PubMed and Scopus database for the most commonly ventured sports associated with injury: mountain biking, climbing, airborne sports, paragliding, and base jumping. From this search, studies were identified for qualitative and quantitative analyses. These searches were done according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Studies were then analyzed regarding epidemiology of injuries, relevant anatomical considerations and prevention strategies were discussed.ResultsA broad spectrum of injury sites and mechanisms are seen in mountain biking, climbing or airborne sports. Mountain biking related injuries commonly involve the upper extremity, with fractures of the clavicle being the most common injury, followed by fractures of the hand and wrist. Scaphoid fractures remain of paramount importance in a differential diagnosis, given their often subtle clinical and radiological appearance. Paragliding, skydiving, and base jumping particularly affect transition areas of the spine, such as the thoracolumbar and the spinopelvic regions. Lower limb injuries were seen in equal frequency to spinal injuries. Regarding relative risk, mountain biking has the lowest risk for injuries, followed by climbing and airborne sports. Male alpinists are reported to be more susceptible to injuries than female alpinists. Generally, the literature surrounding hiking and water-related mountain sports is insufficient, and further work is required to elucidate injury mechanisms and effective preventative measures. A helmet seems to decrease the likelihood of face and head injuries in mountain sports and be a meaningful preventive measurement.
Diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities on male and female Porphyra haitanensis
Authors: Yang Zhibo , Chen Jun , Shang Shuai , Wang Jing , Xue Song , Tang Xuexi , Xiao Hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To study the structure of the epiphytic bacterial community of the male and female Porphyra haitanensis, in order to explore the similarities and differences of epiphytic bacterial community structure between dioecious macroalgae.

Methods
Collection of male and female Porphyra haitanensis from the intertidal zone of Niushan Island, Fujian, China. Epiphytic bacteria were collected and studied, and the community composition and diversity of epiphytic bacteria were explored using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Results
There was no significant difference between male and female Porphyra haitanensis on α-diversity and β-diversity. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the core microbiota in male and female Porphyra haitanensis. Bacteria from the Maribacter (male 14.87%, female 1.66%) and the Tenacibaculum (male 1.44%, female 25.78%) were the most indicative epiphytic bacterial taxa on male and female Porphyra haitanensis.

Conclusions
Sex differences have some influence on the construction of epiphytic bacterial communities in Porphyra haitanensis, but they are not the decisive factors affecting the construction of epiphytic bacterial communities in Porphyra haitanensis.
Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence fine-scale spatial genetic structure in two Patagonian Nothofagus species
Authors: Sola Georgina , Marchelli Paula , Gallo Leonardo , Chauchard Luis , El Mujtar Verónica 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Key message
Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst forests have strong fine-scale spatial genetic structures. The intensity of genetic structure patterns differed according to species, stand development stages, life stages, and spatial arrangement of regeneration groups. This data becomes useful for forest management as it provides an understanding of how populations evolve as well as of the consequences of disturbances and enables the establishment of sampling strategies.

Context
The understanding of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in natural populations is useful for forest management. Although Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. et Endl.) Oerst. and N. obliqua (Mirb.) are important species of the Patagonian forest, little is known about the genetic structure of their populations.

Aims
The main objectives were to investigate the differences in fine-scale spatial genetic structure among mature tree populations of both species considering two stands at different development stages. Genetic structure was also evaluated among life stages and spatial distribution groups of regeneration within the old-growth stand.

Methods
Genetic structure was examined by microsatellite DNA analysis of regeneration and mature tree populations of both species (around 1300 individuals). Gene dispersal distance was additionally estimated.

Results
In both stands and species, strong fine-scale spatial genetic structure and short dispersal distance were found. This pattern was stronger in the early successional forest, in N. obliqua populations, in earlier life stages, and in scattered regeneration.

Conclusion
Stand development stages and recruitment patterns influence the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of both Nothofagus species. However, the genetic structure also differs between species.
Empirical Equation for Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete Developed Using Bottom Ash Aggregates
Authors: Lee Hye-Jin , Kim Sanghee , Kim Hak-Young , Mun Ju-Hyun , Yang Keun-Hyeok 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete developed with the use of bottom ash aggregate (LWAC-BA) as a partial or full replacement of lightweight aggregate differ from those of general lightweight concrete made using natural fine and/or coarse aggregates. The mechanical properties of LWAC-BA are difficult to predict using the existing equations proposed by codes or researchers. Therefore, in this study, empirical equations using nonlinear regression analysis are proposed to predict the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete mixed with bottom ash aggregate, based on the collected measured values from other studies (Yang "Development of replacement technology for ready mixed concrete with bottom ash aggregates", 2020; Kim et al. Appl Sci, 10: e8016, 2020; Constr Build Mater 273: e121998, 2021). The collected data include density, compressive strength, elastic modulus, modulus of rupture, splitting tensile strength, and stress–strain relation of LWAC-BA featuring varying amounts of bottom ash fine aggregate and/or coarse aggregate. The proposed empirical equations for each mechanical characteristic are developed considering the replacement volume of bottom ash fine/coarse aggregates. The mean values of the ratios of the measured to predicted values obtained using the proposed equation range from 1.00 to 1.05, with a standard deviation ranging from 0.002 to 0.013, indicating a reasonably positive agreement.
Abnormal shadow contrast imaging for optimal objective lens condition in transmission electron microscope
Authors: Kwon Yong-Eun , Han Cheolsu , Lee Sang-Chul , Jeung Jong-Man , Lee Gaehang , Lee Tae-Yeoung , Kim Jin-Gyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the objective lens (OL) is the most important component because the first image and diffraction pattern for a specimen are formed by applying a specific OL current and specimen height (SH). In TEM, the focal length of the OL should be controlled independently of the specimen position. Therefore, the initial conditions for OL should be determined by selecting the optimum imaging condition of the specimen based on the OL current and the specimen position. We would like to present a method for finding the optimal imaging condition for OL that can be applied to conventional or low-resolution TEM where high-resolution (HR) imaging is impossible.

Findings
We conducted an abnormal contrast imaging experiment using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Abnormal contrast imaging was obtained by artificially controlling the mechanical alignment of OL P/Ps. Abnormal contrasts (shadow contrasts) of AuNPs were observed in all images obtained for various SH and OL currents. It was confirmed that these shadow contrasts of AuNPs result from the parasitic aberration caused by imperfect mechanical alignment of the OL P/Ps. From the quantitative analysis of the images, it was found that the effects of parasitic aberration in the TEM images decreased as SH approached the optimal position in the OL P/P.

Conclusion
We examined the relationship of SH and OL current using the abnormal contrast imaging technique. The standard OL current and optimal SH were determined with OL condition minimizing the shadow contrast of images. The experimentally determined optimal SH at standard OL current in our specially designed OL system differed from that of the well-known asymmetry OL system. Therefore, it is essential to examine the optimum conditions from a practical perspective. Consequently, our abnormal contrast imaging method, which can be analyzed even in conventional imaging without HR-TEM performance, can help optimize the OL conditions during the manufacturing stage of the TEM instrument.
Measuring gun violence in police data sources: transitioning to NIBRS
Authors: Parker Susan T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The majority of gun violence in the United States does not result in physical injury and therefore cannot be completely measured using hospital data. To measure the full scope of gun violence, the nation’s crime reporting systems that collect police reports of crimes committed with a firearm are vital. However, crime data reporting conventions may underestimate gun violence in the U.S. This paper compares crime data sources to assess underestimation of gun violence.

Findings
The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Summary Reporting System (SRS) and National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) measures of gun violence were compared in 2019 for states comprehensively reporting data to both systems. Gun violence is underestimated in the SRS compared to NIBRS. Within the sample, 18.8% more aggravated assaults with a firearm are recorded and 2.1% more robberies with a firearm are recorded in NIBRS. The proportion of assaults and robberies committed with a firearm measured in both sources did not differ. If the additional gun violence events recorded in the NIBRS sample are consistent with national crime reporting, the number of additional gun violence events per year captured using NIBRS totals approximately 65,071 additional events, or an additional 178 gun violence events per day. Of the additional gun violence events, approximately 31% are due to omitted crime categories, with the remaining variation driven mostly by aggravated assaults with a firearm.

Conclusions
Police data are important data sources for estimating the full scope of gun violence. Comparisons between police data sources suggest that the proportion of crimes committed with a firearm is unchanged. Due to crime reporting conventions, however, the number of gun violence events may be substantially understated. Despite advantages in measuring gun violence, agency participation in NIBRS is alarmingly low and jeopardizes accurate and reliable national crime data.
Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome in sows: effects on behavior of sows and piglets
Authors: Kaiser Marianne , Herskin Mette S. , Jacobsen Stine , Andersen Pia H. , Nielsen Mai Britt Friis , Bækbo Poul , Jacobson Magdalena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate if specific sow and piglet behavioral characteristics could be used diagnostically, this case-cohort study of the behavior of sows and piglets during the periparturient period (from 24 h before the birth of first piglet to 24 h after the birth of last piglet) was conducted. Data included 32 sows diagnosed with PDS (PDS+) vs. 37 healthy matched controls (PDS−) and their litters.ResultsA significant change from active behavior with many postural changes to a more passive behavior was noted in connection with parturition. Sow nesting behavior was less frequent in PDS+ sows compared to PDS− sows during (p = 0.04) and after parturition (p = 0.0004). No difference was found between PDS+ and PDS− in the number of postural changes, interval from last time standing to the birth of the first piglet, interval from last time eating/drinking to the birth of the first piglet, interval from the birth of the first piglet to the sow standing after farrowing, interval from the birth of the last piglet until eating/drinking, occurrence of bar biting, or frequency or duration of eating/drinking during the observation period. Piglets of PDS+ sows stayed outside the creep areas more often than piglets of PDS− sows (p < 0.0001), but there was no difference in the mean number of piglets observed massaging the udder every 10 min.ConclusionThese results confirm that sow behavior changes from active before parturition to more passive after parturition. Being diagnosed with PDS affected the periparturient behavior of sows as well as their piglets. The observed reduction in nesting behavior in PDS+ sows may suggest that a highly motivated piglet-oriented behavior was affected. However, classical sickness behaviors like lethargy and passivity seem to be poor markers for PDS.
The tie that binds? A comparison of ethnicity-based party ties among emigrated and resident citizens
Authors: Himmelroos Staffan , Vento Isak 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent decades have seen a trend toward enfranchising emigrated citizens in home country elections. Political parties have also become increasingly interested in connecting with emigrant voters. That said, we still know little of what voters think of the parties in the home country and how party preferences may change because of migration. On the one hand, research shows that the experience of migration and the context of the host country have a significant impact on the political behavior of migrants. On the other hand, party ties are known to be resistant to change. In this paper, we study how what is generally assumed to be the strongest of party ties, namely ties to an ethnic party, is affected by migration. Utilizing two highly comparable surveys of resident and non-resident citizens, we study how identifying with an ethnic minority party among Finland-Swedes in Finland, where they constitute a linguistic minority, compares with emigrated Finland-Swedes in Sweden, where they speak the majority language. We find that party ties, even with an ethnic party, tend to be weaker for emigrated citizens. However, the difference is relatively small and only materializes after an extended stay abroad.
A critical survey of technologies of large offshore wind farm integration: summary, advances, and perspectives
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Bingqiang , Zhou Hongyu , Wang Jingbo , Yao Wei , Wu Shaocong , Shu Hongchun , Ren Yaxing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOffshore wind farms (OWFs) have received widespread attention for their abundant unexploited wind energy potential and convenient locations conditions. They are rapidly developing towards having large capacity and being located further away from shore. It is thus necessary to explore effective power transmission technologies to connect large OWFs to onshore grids. At present, three types of power transmission technologies have been proposed for large OWF integration. They are: high voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission, high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission, and low-frequency alternating current (LFAC) or fractional frequency alternating current transmission. This work undertakes a comprehensive review of grid connection technologies for large OWF integration. Compared with previous reviews, a more exhaustive summary is provided to elaborate HVAC, LFAC, and five HVDC topologies, consisting of line-commutated converter HVDC, voltage source converter HVDC, hybrid-HVDC, diode rectifier-based HVDC, and all DC transmission systems. The fault ride-through technologies of the grid connection schemes are also presented in detail to provide research references and guidelines for researchers. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation of the seven grid connection technologies for large OWFs is proposed based on eight specific indicators. Finally, eight conclusions and six perspectives are outlined for future research in integrating large OWFs.
Review of vortex methods for rotor aerodynamics and wake dynamics
Authors: Lee H. , Sengupta B. , Araghizadeh M. S. , Myong R. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft with multiple lifting rotors or prop-rotors have received significant attention in recent years due to their great potential for next-generation urban air mobility (UAM). Numerical models have been developed and validated as predictive tools to analyze rotor aerodynamics and wake dynamics. Among various numerical approaches, the vortex method is one of the most suitable because it can provide accurate solutions with an affordable computational cost and can represent vorticity fields downstream without numerical dissipation error. This paper presents a brief review of the progress of vortex methods, along with their principles, advantages, and shortcomings. Applications of the vortex methods for modeling the rotor aerodynamics and wake dynamics are also described. However, the vortex methods suffer from the problem that it cannot deal with the nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics associated with the viscous effects and the flow behaviors in the post-stall regime. To overcome the intrinsic drawbacks of the vortex methods, recent progress in a numerical method proposed by the authors is introduced, and model validation against experimental data is discussed in detail. The validation works show that nonlinear vortex lattice method (NVLM) coupled with vortex particle method (VPM) can predict the unsteady aerodynamic forces and complex evolution of the rotor wake.
Electronic Health Interventions for Patients With Breast Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Singleton Anna C. , Raeside Rebecca , Hyun Karice K. , Partridge Stephanie R. , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Hafiz Nashid , Tu Qiang , Tat-Ko Justin , Sum Stephanie Che Mun , Sherman Kerry A. , Elder Elisabeth , Redfern Julie 
Published: May 2022

PURPOSEOngoing supportive care using electronic health (eHealth) interventions has the potential to provide remote support and improve health outcomes for patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions on patient-reported outcomes (quality of life [QOL], self-efficacy, and mental or physical health) for patients during and after breast cancer treatment and patient-reported experience measures (acceptability and engagement).METHODSSystematic review with meta-analyses (random-effects model) of randomized controlled trials was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Nine databases were searched using a prespecified search strategy. Patient-directed eHealth interventions for adult patients during or after active breast cancer treatment measuring QOL, self-efficacy, and mental (depressive, anxiety, and distress symptoms) or physical (physical activity, nutrition, and fatigue) health outcomes were included. Data from eligible full-text articles were independently extracted by six observers.RESULTSThirty-two unique studies (4,790 patients) were included. All were health self-management interventions, and most were multicomponent (videos, forums, and electronic reminder systems) websites. Meta-analyses revealed a significant effect of eHealth interventions on QOL (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.20 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.36]), self-efficacy (SMD, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.65]), distress (SMD, –0.41 [95% CI,–0.63 to –0.20]), and fatigue (SMD, –0.37 [95% CI, –0.61 to –0.13]). Twenty-five studies (78.1%) measured patient-reported experience measures. Acceptability (n = 9) was high, with high ratings for satisfaction (range, 71%-100%), usefulness (range, 71%-95%), and ease-of-use (range, 73%-92%). Engagement (n = 25) decreased over time, but disease-focused information and interactive support were most engaging.CONCLUSIONeHealth interventions may provide an acceptable and effective strategy for improving QOL, distress, self-efficacy, and fatigue among patients with breast cancer.
CZYNNIKI KSZTAŁTUJĄCE LOJALNOŚĆ KLIENTÓW NA PRZYKŁADZIE DROGERII
Authors: Aksamit Olga , Bogalecka Daria , Krygier Jessica , Piaścik Eliza 
Published: May 2022

Dynamiczne zmiany na rynkach, które zdeterminowane są m.in. przez przemiany społeczno-gospodarcze, czy też nieustanny rozwój technologii, stawiają współczesnym firmom wiele wyzwań. Kluczowym zadaniem firm jest nie tylko pozyskanie klienta, ale również jego utrzymanie oraz budowanie jego lojalności.
W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano problematykę utraty klientów, zdefiniowano lojalność klientów oraz kształtujące ją czynniki. Kolejna część zawiera interpretację wyników pozyskanych podczas przeprowadzonego badania. Celem wspomnianego badania była identyfikacja kluczowych czynników decydujących o lojalności klientów indywidualnych (na przykładzie wybranych drogerii, działających stacjonarnie na terenie Polski). Hipoteza badawcza zakładała, iż kluczowe w budowaniu lojalności klientów są zachęty materialne i przesłanki racjonalne.