bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Downscaling of High Resolution Precipitation in India using Convolutional Long Short Term Memory Networks
Authors: Misra Saptarshi , Sarkar Sudeshna , Mitra Pabitra , Shastri Hiteshri K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Different empirical-statistical downscaling methods are widely applied in weather and climate studies for assessment of effect of global-scale climate conditions on local-scale climate variables. Statistical downscaling of the General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations are widely used for accessing changes in future climate at different spatiotemporal scales. The process of downscaling is affected by uncertainty associated with the GCM selection and downscaling model. This study proposes a novel Statistical Downscaling (SD) model established on Convolutional Long Short Term Memory (ConvLSTM) Network. The methodology is applied to obtain future projection of rainfall at 0.25° spatial resolution over entire Indian sub-continental region. The traditional multisite downscaling models typically perform downscaling on a single homogeneous rainfall zone, predicting rainfall at only one grid point in a single model run. The proposed model captures spatiotemporal dependencies in multisite local rainfall and predicts rainfall for the entire zone in a single model run. The study proposes a shared ConvLSTM model. This particular modeling framework shares a ConvLSTM model across multiple neighboring regions in order to capture the similarity in rainfall patterns of and customizes it to individual grid points. This novel downscaling approach provides a single end-to-end supervised model for predicting the future precipitation series for entire India. The model captures the regional variability in rainfall superior to a region wise trained model. The proposed methodology performs superior as compared to the presently available state of the art LSTM and Kernel Regression (KR) based methodologies previously applied for Indian sub continental region. The projected future rainfall for different scenarios of climate change, obtained with the help of the proposed downscaling model reveals an overall increase in the rainfall mean over India. The changes in future rainfall extremes over India are spatially nonuniform with a probable increase at the western-ghats and northeastern India. The rainfall extreme at the same time is observed to decrease in northern and western India as well as along the southeastern coastline. These results highlight the importance of conducting in depth hydrologic study for different river basins of the country for future water availability assessment and making water resource policies.
Predicting hydraulic jump characteristics in a gradually expanding stilling basin with roughness elements by Sugeno Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Hassanpour Nasrin , Sadeghfam Sina , Crookston Brian , Abdollahpour Milad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe hydraulic behavior of a hydraulic jump can be challenging to estimate in order to design gradually expanding stilling basins with roughness elements on the bed. In this study, five dependent variables were identified that comprise: (i) the sequent depth ratio; (ii) the relative length of the jump; (iii) the relative roller length of the jump; (iv) the relative energy dissipation; and (v) the water surface profile. This study undertook a set of formulations based on the regression analysis and Sugeno Fuzzy Logic (SFL) to predict these variables based upon experimental data. Results demonstrate that the trained SFLs predicted the behavior of the dependent variables with the Nash–Sutcliffe Coefficient (NSC) greater than 0.96 in the testing phase. In contrast, the NSC values for the regression models are greater than 0.79. The higher accuracy of SFL is attributed to its capability in managing uncertainty and imprecise data owing to water surface profile oscillations of the hydraulic jump. Also, the results indicate that the prediction residuals for SFL are homoscedastic for all hydraulic parameters investigated except for the water surface profile, the prediction residuals of which for the regression equations are heteroscedastic.
Gallic acid enhanced bisphenol A degradation through Fe3+/peroxymonosulfate process
Authors: Zhang Lei , Qian Zheng , Wang Lingzhen , Jin Pengkang , Yang Shengjiong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Fe2+ is widely used for effective peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to eliminate refractory organics. However, Fe2+/PMS process suffers from difficulty on Fe2+ regeneration. Herein, we report an Fe3+/PMS process by using gallic acid (GA) as an effective promotor for efficient degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The process exhibited considerable oxidation performance in the pH range of 3.0–10.0. Higher concentration of Fe3+/GA complex exhibited better BPA degradation performance whereby BPA could be completely degraded within 4 mins. Reactive oxidation species (ROS) quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, and methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) probing experiments revealed that sulfate radical (SO4•−), hydroxyl radical (HO•), and ferryl species are involved and responsible for the BPA degradation. Electrochemical analysis and density function theory (DFT) calculation explored that the self-oxidation of GA boosted the reduction of Fe3+ into Fe2+ for continuous activation of PMS. The GA boosted Fe3+/PMS system reached an intriguing mineralization efficiency of 86.4%. Findings from this work proposed references to improve the oxidation performance of Fenton-like reaction and provided new sight into the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycling.
The transition of WRRF models to digital twin applications
Authors: Torfs Elena , Nicolaï Niels , Daneshgar Saba , Copp John B. , Haimi Henri , Ikumi David , Johnson Bruce , Plosz Benedek B. , Snowling Spencer , Townley Lloyd R. , Valverde-Pérez Borja , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Vezzaro Luca , Nopens Ingmar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Digital Twins (DTs) are on the rise as innovative, powerful technologies to harness the power of digitalisation in the WRRF sector. The lack of consensus and understanding when it comes to the definition, perceived benefits and technological needs of DTs is hampering their widespread development and application. Transitioning from traditional WRRF modelling practice into DT applications raises a number of important questions: When is a model's predictive power acceptable for a DT? Which modelling frameworks are most suited for DT applications? Which data structures are needed to efficiently feed data to a DT? How do we keep the DT up to date and relevant? Who will be the main users of DTs and how to get them involved? How do DTs push the water sector to evolve? This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art, challenges, good practices, development needs and transformative capacity of DTs for WRRF applications.
Hydroxylamine enhanced activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe(III)/Cu(II) bimetallic for high-efficiency degradation of AO7
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Kuo , Zhou Runjuan , Wang Jinpeng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new type of iron/copper bimetallic combined with hydroxylamine (HA) activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was constructed to treat organic pollutants. Selecting the azo dye acid orange 7 (AO7) as the representative of organic pollutants, the new system can achieve nearly 100% degradation of AO7 within 5 min. The Fe(III)/Cu(II)/HA/PMS system mainly generates SO4·− to achieve the degradation of AO7 in acidic environment, while neutral and alkaline environments rely on ·OH. The presence of hydroxylamine accelerates the cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) in the system, and enhances the degradation ability of the system for organic pollutants. The addition of trace Cu(II) (1 μM) enhances the ability of a single Fe(III)/HA/PMS system to degrade AO7 in neutral and alkaline environments without causing secondary copper pollution. The common inorganic anions Cl− and NO3− in water have almost no effect on the degradation of AO7 in the system. The constructed Fe(III)/Cu(II)/HA/PMS system is an efficient and clean organic pollutant wastewater treatment process, which has very promising application prospects.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Amino Acid-Containing lntegrin Antagonists
Authors: Scarborough Robert M. 
Published: April 2022

Interest in the development of specific antagonists of the	3 family of integrins
{platelet aub3 and the vitronectin receptor av3 ) has been principally driven by efforts to design
more potent antithrombotic agents than either aspirin or the thienopyridine-type ADP receptor modulators. The platelet fibrinogen receptor (aub3) and the vitronectin receptor (av 3) bind the RGD tripeptide sequence found within adhesive ligands. Because of this, many approaches to
antagonists of 3 receptors have utilized an RGD mimetic to identify antagonists. lntegrin antagonists of many structurally diverse classes have been discovered. One of the larger 3 integrin antagonist classes employs -amino acids to mimic the aspartate residue of the RGD mimetic. Structure-activity investigations have revealed the potent activity of agents which have
substituents appended to both the a and position of the -amino acid units of these antagonists. Several clinical candidates targeting platelet a11 b3 contain these -amino acid units and are currently being evaluated clinically.
Dietary Lifestyle of Clinical Nutrition Students Compared with That of
Age-Matched Non-Medical Students
Authors: Hakim Noor A. , Alwagdany Demah A. , Hammad Jehan M. , Kattan Maram F. , Mannan Shahad A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
There is an assumption that clinical nutrition (CLN) students should
have better nutrition and health statuses and practice healthier lifestyles than other students.
However, the effect of pursuing nutritional studies on student dietary lifestyle is not well known.

Objective:
To investigate differences in nutritional status between CLN-major and Administration/
Humanities-major (AHM) students as well as determine their sources of health and nutrition-
related information.

Method:
This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study in which CLN and AHM (mainly English
and Arabic majors) students were recruited. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and
a questionnaire was administered to assess their dietary lifestyle.

Results:
In total, 160 female students (CLN, 86; AHM, 74) participated in the study. Most students
from both groups (>44%) were within the normal body mass index (BMI) range (18.5-24.9
kg/m2); no CLN students had class II or III obesity. No significant difference in BMI between the
two groups was observed. CLN students tended to consume breakfast and snacks more than
AHM students. Daily fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly higher among CLN than
AHM students. No significant difference was found in fried food or water intake between the
two groups. Additionally, CLN students were more involved in high-intensity exercise than their
counterparts.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that health status and dietary lifestyle among CLN students are
influenced by their study major. Obesity is less prevalent, and consumption of healthy foods,
such as fruits and vegetables, is higher among CLN students. Future studies investigating the
long-term effect of studying CLN on lifestyle and social relations with family and friends are
warranted.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of PLA2 Inhibitory Saccharumoside-B
Authors: Sadhu Surya Prabha , Yarla Nagendra Sastry , Pragada Rajeswara Rao , Konduri Prasad 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Saccharumoside-B and its analogs were found to have anticancer potential
in vitro. The present study reports acute toxicity, molecular docking, ADMET profile analysis,
and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of saccharumoside-B for the first time.

Methods:
The in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity of saccharumoside-B on PLA2, COX-1, COX-2,
and 5-LOX enzymes was evaluated by the cell-free method, and its effect on TNF-α, IL1β, and IL-
6 secretion levels in LPS stimulated THP-1 human monocytes was determined by ELISA-based
methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo by carrageenan-induced rat paw
edema model. To test its binding affinity at the active site pockets of PLA2 enzymes and assess
drug-like properties, docking experiments and ADMET studies were performed.

Results:
Saccharumoside-B showed selective inhibition of the sPLA2 enzyme (IC50 = 7.53 ±
0.232 μM), and thioetheramide-PC was used as a positive control. It showed significant inhibition
(P ≤ 0.05) of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines compared to the positive control dexamethasone.
Saccharumoside-B showed a dose-dependent inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema,
with a maximum inhibition (76.09 ± 0.75) observed at 3 hours after the phlogistic agent injection.
Saccharumoside-B potentially binds to the active site pocket of sPLA2 crystal protein (binding
energy -7.6 Kcal/Mol). It complies with Lipinski’s Rule of Five, showing a promising safety profile.
The bioactivity scores suggested it to be a better enzyme inhibitor.

Conclusion:
Saccharumoside-B showed significant PLA2 inhibition. It can become a potential
lead molecule in synthesizing a new class of selective PLA2 inhibitors with a high safety profile in
the future.
Evaluation Of Anti-inflammatory Mediated Anti-hemorrhoidal Activity of
Lawsonia inermis on Croton Oil Induced Hemorrhoidal Rats
Authors: Nallajerla Sai Krishna , Ganta Suhasin 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Hemorrhoids are a common recto-anal disorder commonly known as piles or tissue clumps in the rectum. In normal individuals, they were known as anal cushions. In the anus, they are composed of rectal blood vessels, muscles, and elastic fibres when bulged,it can cause bleeding, constipation, itching, severe pain, and bleeding in the anus. Inflammation of the anal cushion remains major pathogenesis for the development of hemorrhoids. Inflammatory mediators like neutrophils, TNF-α, and IL-6 seem to play a major role in the development of disease.

Objective:
This study aims to carry out the ethanolic leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis (L. inermis) and evaluate its anti-hemorrhoidal activity both invitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Molecular Docking was performed on the crystal structure of COX-2 with the selective compound 23d-(R) (PDB ID: 3NTG) protein.

Methods:
The current study is to estimate an anti-inflammatory mediated anti-hemorrhoidal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of L. inermis at different doses of 200 mg/kg/ir and 400 mg/kg/ir in croton oil-induced hemorrhoidal rats. Pilex ointment is taken as a reference standard in the present study. Evan's blue extravasation technique were applied in the study to quantify the proinflammatory protein.

Results:
From the study results, a dose-dependent effect was found for ethanolic leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg causing a significant reduction of serum Pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-6, and plasma neutrophils in croton oil-induced hemorrhoidal rats.

Conclusion:
Studies represented that the plant extract can significantly inhibit protein denaturation of egg albumin in invitro and has a beneficial role in anti-hemorrhoidal agent.
The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus via Epigenetics and Inflammasome
Authors: Sharma Bunty , Kumar Aman , Sharma Ujjawal , Pal Deeksha , Prashar Sourabh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The gut microbiota that comprises over 100 trillion microorganisms with a weight of
about 1-2 kg is regarded as one of the most crucial players in the regulation of the metabolic
health of host organisms. In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),
characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood, has been exponentially increasing due to
obesity and other lifestyle risk factors. It was shown that dysbiosis, change in the overall
composition, and diversity of gut microflora can result in T2DM. Conversely, the microbial
composition can also influence the epigenetics of the host organism (DNA methylation as well
as histone modifications), which might have a potential effect on the metabolic health of the
individual. Another mechanism of gut microbiota in the development of T2DM is through the
involvement of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, Leucine-rich Repeat, and Pyrin
domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a part of the innate immune system. NLRP3
inflammasome produces inflammatory cytokines, promoting the secretion of microbial antigens
in the intestinal epithelium. Therefore, it is important to understand the possible connecting link
between gut microbiota and T2DM that might help in the modulation of gut microflora to better
understand the disease. In this review, the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of T2DM
will be discussed.
Exercise Improves the Impact of Chronic Pain in Older Adults: Results of an RCT
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Velluzzi Fernanda , Monticone Marco , Aviles Gonzalez Cesar Ivan , Minerba Luigi , Pau Massimiliano , Musu Mario , Atzori Laura , Ferreli Caterina , Cauli Alberto , Machado Sergio , Pintus Elisa , Fortin Dario , Romano Ferdinando , Penna Maria Pietronilla , Preti Antonio , Cossu Giulia 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Chronic Pain (CP) is a crucial determinant for disability in older adults. CP amplifies the impact of other common age-related diseases and increases cardiovascular risk. Physical exercise can improve CP. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) with high-intensity exercise in older adults excluded people with Moderate Chronic Illness (MCI) and CP.

Objective:
This study aimed at evaluating in an RCT whether moderate exercise training can improve chronic pain in a sample of older adults, including people with MCI, and if any modification persists over time.

Methods:
A sample of 120 older adults was randomly selected for a moderate-intensity exercise program or cultural activities (control group). Chronic pain was assessed at t0, at t12 (end of the trial), and t48 weeks, by means of the Italian version of the SIP-Roland Scale.

Results:
Seventy-nine participants completed the follow-up (age 72.3±4.7, women 55.3%). At the end of RCT, an improvement in the SIP scale score was found in the exercise group (p=0.035), showing a lower score than the control group; this difference was not maintained at 48 weeks (p=0.235).

Conclusion:
Our study highlighted that a moderate-intensity exercise intervention reduced chronic pain in older adults, but this effect disappeared at follow-up after 36 weeks from the end of the training program. These findings suggested that such kinds of programs, easily accessible to old people even with MCI, should be implemented and supported over time, thus promoting active aging and preventing CP of age-related diseases.
Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical.Trials.gov.NCT03858114
An Unsteady Nanofluid Flow Past Parallel Porous Plates: A Numerical
Study
Authors: Mondal Sabyasachi , Mburu Zachariah M. , Sibanda Precious 
Published: April 2022

Background:
This study investigates an unsteady, two-dimensional, incompressible viscous
boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting nanofluid past parallel plates. The plates are permeable
to allow both suction and injection to take place. It is assumed that viscosity, thermal conductivity and
mass diffusivity of the nanofluid vary with temperature. The novelty of this study is in consideration of
the combined effects of chemical reaction, permeability, externally applied magnetic field, and
momentum diffusivity on the flow varibles. The magnetic field force is significant because it provides
information regarding the boundary layer characteristics.

Methods:
The highly nonlinear partial differential equations are solved numerically using the newly
developed bivariate spectral quasilinearization method (BSQLM) along with varying thermal and
concentration boundary conditions. The BSQLM method is an innovative technique that is more reliable
and robust as it demands fewer grid points and has a global approach to solving PDEs.

Results:
An analysis and comparison of results with existing literature are reported. Excellent agreement
has been found between our results and those previously published. Among the findings, we show, inter
alia, a significant increase in the profiles for fluid velocity, temperature and concentration with an
increase in the chemical reaction, applied magnetic field, and thermal radiation. The BSQLM converges
fast and is computationally efficient when applied to boundary layer problems that are defined on a large
computational domain.

Conclusions:
A numerical study on nanofluid flow between parallel porous plates has been carried out,
and here are the key findings:
1. Heat flux is directly related to thermal radiation, the applied magnetic field, permeability, and the
chemical reaction involved.
2. Mass flux increases with increased chemical reaction, permeability, and the magnetic parameters.
3. The nanofluid concentration is directly related to the Prandtl and magnetic numbers and inversely
related to the Reynolds number and chemical reaction.
4. The skin-friction coefficient reduces with higher values of magnetic field and permeability parameters
and increases with an increment in thermal radiation and chemical reaction.
5. The BSQLM has a high convergence rate with high accuracy.
SMBF: Secure Data Transmission using Modified Bloom Filter for
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Kumar Dilip , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
Privacy in VANETs commands short-lived pseudonyms since the nodes
are very mobile. It results in big computational overheads during secure communication between
vehicles, which could place the safety of people and vehicles at risk. To overcome such a
limitation, we are using the validation approach of pseudonyms based on Bloom Filter, which
provides less computational overheads than other authentication procedures. A complete end-toend
system is developed in three phases: authorization, clustering, encryption, and decryption
phase, to establish secure transmission of data in VANETs.

Methods:
The authorization phase uses Bloom’s Filter authentication based on the pseudonym
scheme. Based on the distributed parameters related to vehicles, clusters of vehicles are created
to save power and bandwidth in communications. These clusters are chained to the next cluster
with the help of the cluster head to share the information. First, only authenticated vehicles that
are regular travelers on the road segment are allowed to become part of the cluster. SMBF
ensures that any vehicle that is not a frequent traveler on the given road segment is not taking
part in the communication process. Clustering is used to ensure the speed of communication.

Results:
The proposed scheme results are compared with other state-of-art techniques in
VANETs. The analysis indicates that the storage and computational processing requirements are
reduced by 28%, resulting in decreased communication costs.

Conclusion:
The proposed authentication process stores the pseudonyms in the certificate
authority database. Hence, more memory requirements are required to maintain this technique.
Overall, the performance of SMBF needs to be tested under different types of attacks.