bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High risk APOL1 genotypes and kidney disease among treatment naïve HIV patients at Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Abdu Aliyu , Duarte Raquel , Dickens Caroline , Dix-Peek Therese , Bala Sunusi M. , Ademola Babatunde , Naicker Saraladevi 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Racial disparities are known in the occurrence of kidney disease with excess risks found among people of African descent. Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene variants G1 and G2 are associated with kidney disease among HIV infected individuals of African descent in the USA as well as among black population in South Africa. We set out to investigate the prevalence of these high-risk variants and their effects on kidney disease among HIV infected patients in Northern Nigeria with hitherto limited information despite earlier reports of high population frequencies of these alleles from the Southern part of the country.

Methods
DNA samples obtained from the whole blood of 142 participants were genotyped for APOL1 G1 and G2 variants after initial baseline investigations including assessment of kidney function. Participants comprised 50 HIV positive patients with no evidence of kidney disease, 52 HIV negative individuals with no kidney disease and 40 HIV positive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) evidenced by persistent proteinuria and/or reduced eGFR, who also had a kidney biopsy. All the HIV positive patients were newly diagnosed and treatment naïve.

Results
The distribution of the APOL1 genotypes among the study participants revealed that 24.6% had a G1 risk allele and 19.0% a G2. The frequency of the High Risk Genotype (HRG) was 12.5% among those with CKD compared to 5.8% in the HIV negative group and zero in the HIV positive no CKD group. Having the HRG was associated with a higher odds for developing HIV Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) (2 vs 0 risk alleles: OR 10.83, 95% CI 1.38–84.52; P = 0.023; 2 vs 0 or 1 risk alleles: OR 5.5, 95% CI 0.83–36.29; P = 0.07). The HRG was also associated with higher odds for Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (2 vs 0 risk alleles: OR 13.0, 95% CI 2.06–81.91; P = 0.006 and 2 vs 0 or 1 risk alleles: OR 9.0, 95%CI 1.62–50.12; P = 0.01) when compared to the control group.

Conclusion
This study showed a high population frequency of the individual risk alleles of the APOL1 gene with higher frequencies noted among HIV positive patients with kidney disease. There is high association with the presence of kidney disease and especially FSGS and HIVAN among treatment naive HIV patients carrying two copies of the HRG.
Individual differences in dissonance arousal/reduction relate to physical exercise: Testing the action-based model
Authors: Harmon-Jones Eddie , Harmon-Jones Cindy 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
The present research was designed to test predictions derived from the action-based model of cognitive dissonance theory. These predictions were that dissonance arousal would be negatively related to effective behavior, and that dissonance reduction would be positively related to effective behavior.

Method
Dissonance arousal and reduction were measured using an individual differences questionnaire. Effective behavior was measured as amount of physical exercise obtained from an exercise app that measures exercise using GPS (cycling kilometers over one year; Study 1) and from self-reports (number of days during the previous week; Study 2–3).

Results
Results suggested that individual differences in dissonance arousal relate to less exercise and that individual differences in dissonance reduction relate to more exercise. Statistically controlling for trait approach and avoidance motivation as well as satisfaction with life revealed that dissonance processes predicted exercise behavior over these traits. This pattern of results was generally consistent across the three studies. Moreover, results from Studies 2–3 suggested possible statistical mediators from the exercise commitment literature of the relationship between trait dissonance arousal/reduction and exercise behavior.

Discussion and conclusion
These results highlight the importance of considering dissonance processes as adaptive ones, and they suggest possible ways of increasing exercise behavior.
Efficacy and safety of different antidepressants and anticonvulsants in central poststroke pain: A network meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chen Ke-Yu , Li Ruo-Yang 
Published: October 2022

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different antidepressants and anticonvulsants in the treatment of central poststroke pain (CPSP) by network meta-analysis and provide an evidence-based foundation for clinical practice.

Methods
PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, APA PsycINFO, Wanfang, VIP and other databases were searched by computer to find clinical randomized controlled studies (RCTs) on drug treatment of CPSP. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of each database to July 2022. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane. Stata 14.0 was used for network meta-analysis.

Results
A total of 13 RCTs, 1040 patients and 9 drugs were finally included. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the effectiveness ranking as rated by the visual analog scale (VAS) was gabapentin > pregabalin > fluoxetine > lamotrigine > duloxetine > serqulin > amitriptyline > carbamazepine > vitamin B. Ranking according to the numerical rating scale (NRS) was pregabalin > gabapentin > carbamazepine. Ranking derived from the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) was pregabalin > duloxetine > gabapentin > amitriptyline.

Conclusion
All nine drugs can relieve the pain of CPSP patients to different degrees; among them pregabalin and gabapentin have the most significant effect, and gabapentin and pregabalin also have the most adverse reactions. In the future, more multicenter, large sample, double-blind clinical randomized controlled trials need to be carried out to supplement and demonstrate the results of this study.
The role of psychological flexibility in the meaning-reconstruction process in cancer: The intensive longitudinal study protocol
Authors: Kroemeke Aleksandra , Dudek Joanna , Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka Małgorzata 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Meaning-making is an important element of adapting to disease. However, this process is still poorly understood and the theoretical model has not been comprehensively verified yet, particularly in terms of complexity, dynamics, and intraindividual variability. The aim of this study is a deeper understanding of the meaning-reconstruction process in cancer and empirical verification of the integrative meaning-making model of coping extended by the psychological flexibility model. We postulate that psychological flexibility can foster the meaning-making in cancer by building more flexible and workable meaning-making explanations of disease.

Design
A daily-diary study conducted for 14 days in patients following the first autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).

Methods
Participants (at least 150) will be requested to complete the daily-diary related to daily situational meaning, meaning-related distress, meaning-making, psychological flexibility, meanings made, and wellbeing for 14 days after hospital discharge following HCT. Also, baseline and follow-up assessment of global meaning, wellbeing, and meanings made will be performed. Statistical analysis of the data will be conducted using the multilevel and dynamic structural equation modeling.

Conclusions
The study will fill in the gaps in health psychology in the understanding of the meaning-reconstruction process in cancer by within- and between-person verification of the integrative meaning-making model and its extension by the psychological flexibility model. The data obtained will be used in further research on the development of meaning-making by means of interventions based on psychological flexibility.
Magnitude and effects of food cravings on nutritional status of pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross sectional study
Authors: Fikrie Anteneh , Yalew Abel , Anato Anchamo , Teklesilasie Wondwosen 
Published: October 2022

Background
Food cravings is a strong and intense urge to consume a specific food and reported as being associated with overweight and overall caloric intake in pregnant women. However, the nutritional and anthropometric consequences are not well recognized. Therefore, this study aimed to assess magnitude and effects of food cravings on nutritional status of pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 586 randomly selected pregnant mothers at Sidama Regional State from June 1–20, 2019. Pre-tested and semistructured face-to-face interview questionnaires used to collect the data. The data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS IBM version 20. The bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression used to identify the possible factors of food cravings. Principal component analysis used to determine the wealth status of the study participants. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) together with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) used to declare statistical significance.

Results
The study found that nearly three in five, 309 (58.3%) [95%, CI: 54.2%-62.8%] of the study participants reported food cravings. Meat (71.5%) and Fruits (41.7%) were the most frequently craved. About one-third, 194 (36.6%) of the study participants were undernourished (MUAC < 23 cm). Age of women (20–34 years), government employed, Antenatal Care (ANC), Pica practice, lowest wealth quintile, and skipping meals were statistically associated with food cravings. Whereas, wealth quintile and ability to consume craved food were factors associated with the nutritional status of pregnant women. Moreover, our study result found that maternal undernutrition and food cravings were statistically associated (p<0.001).

Conclusion
The prevalence of food cravings in this study is comparable to the global level. However, the magnitude of undernutrition found to be higher. Thus, health care providers need to take every opportunity to encourage women to adopt healthful dietary practices during pregnancy.
‘Valves’ of the angular vein: Orbicularis oculi, depressor supercilii, and zygomaticus minor
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane , Kim Hongtae , Hur Mi-Sun 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to elucidate the positional relationship between the courses of the angular veins and the facial muscles, and the possible roles of the latter as alternative venous valves.

Methods
The angular veins of 44 specimens of embalmed Korean adult cadavers were examined. Facial muscles were studied to establish their relationships with the angular vein, including the orbicularis oculi (OOc), depressor supercilii (DS), zygomaticus minor (Zmi), zygomaticus major (Zmj), and levator labii superioris (LLS).

Results
In the upper face of all specimens, the angular vein passed through the DS and descended to the medial palpebral ligament. In the midface, it passed between the origin of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (LLSAN) and the inferior OOc fibers. The vein coursed along the deep surface of the inferior margin of the OOc in all specimens. At the level of the nasal ala, the course of the angular vein was classified into three types: in type I it passed between the LLS and Zmi (38.6%), in type II it passed between the superficial and deep fibers of the Zmi (47.7%), and in type III it passed between the Zmi and Zmj (13.6%). In the lower face of all specimens, the angular or facial vein passed through the anterior lobe of the buccal fat pad.

Conclusion
This study found that the angular vein coursed along the sites where facial muscle contractions are assumed to efficiently compress the veins, likely controlling venous flow as valves. The observations made and analysis performed in this study will improve the understanding of the physiological function of the facial muscles as alternative venous valves.
Derivation and External Validation of Machine Learning-Based Model for Detection of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chen Wansu , Zhou Yichen , Xie Fagen , Butler Rebecca K. , Jeon Christie Y. , Luong Tiffany Q. , Zhou Botao , Lin Yu-Chen , Lustigova Eva , Pisegna Joseph R. , Kim Sungjin , Wu Bechien U. 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
There is currently no widely accepted approach to screening for pancreatic cancer (PC). We aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of PC, across 2 health systems using electronic health records.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study consisted of patients aged 50–84 years having at least 1 clinic-based visit over a 10-year study period at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (model training, internal validation) and the Veterans Affairs (VA, external testing). Random survival forests models were built to identify the most relevant predictors from >500 variables and to predict risk of PDAC within 18 months of cohort entry.

RESULTS:
The Kaiser Permanente Southern California cohort consisted of 1.8 million patients (mean age 61.6) with 1,792 PDAC cases. The 18-month incidence rate of PDAC was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.80)/1,000 person-years. The final main model contained age, abdominal pain, weight change, HbA1c, and alanine transaminase change (c-index: mean = 0.77, SD = 0.02; calibration test: P value 0.4, SD 0.3). The final early detection model comprised the same features as those selected by the main model except for abdominal pain (c-index: 0.77 and SD 0.4; calibration test: P value 0.3 and SD 0.3). The VA testing cohort consisted of 2.7 million patients (mean age 66.1) with an 18-month incidence rate of 1.27 (1.23–1.30)/1,000 person-years. The recalibrated main and early detection models based on VA testing data sets achieved a mean c-index of 0.71 (SD 0.002) and 0.68 (SD 0.003), respectively.

DISCUSSION:
Using widely available parameters in electronic health records, we developed and externally validated parsimonious machine learning-based models for detection of PC. These models may be suitable for real-time clinical application.
Characteristics and Effect of Anxiety and Depression Trajectories in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Fairbrass Keeley M. , Guthrie Elspeth A. , Black Christopher J. , Selinger Christian P. , Gracie David J. , Ford Alexander C. 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Symptoms of common mental disorders, such as anxiety or depression, are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We report trajectories of these symptoms in IBD, patient characteristics associated with different trajectories, and effects on healthcare utilization and prognosis.

METHODS:
We collected demographic, symptom, psychological, and quality-of-life data, with questionnaires at 3-month intervals, over 12 months of follow-up. We collected healthcare utilization and IBD outcomes through notes review. We compared characteristics of those with persistently normal or improving anxiety or depression scores with those with persistently abnormal or worsening scores and the number of flares, glucocorticosteroid prescriptions, escalations of therapy, hospitalizations, or intestinal resections due to IBD activity.

RESULTS:
Among 771 and 777 patients, respectively, worsening or persistently abnormal anxiety or depression scores were associated with increased antidepressant (28.6% vs 12.3% anxiety, 35.8% vs 10.1% depression, P < 0.001) and opiate use (19.0% vs 7.8% anxiety, P = 0.001 and 34.0% vs 7.4% depression, P < 0.001), compared with those with persistently normal or improving scores. These individuals were also more likely to have been diagnosed with IBD in the last 12 months (16.3% vs 5.0% anxiety, P = 0.001, and 15.1% vs 5.5% depression, P = 0.006), to have clinically active disease at baseline (57.1% vs 26.6% anxiety and 71.7% vs 29.1% depression, P < 0.001) and lower quality-of-life scores (P < 0.001). Individuals with worsening or persistently abnormal trajectories of anxiety or depression required significantly more outpatient appointments, radiological investigations, and endoscopic procedures for IBD-related symptoms.

DISCUSSION:
In this 12-month follow-up study, patients with IBD with worsening or persistently high anxiety or depression scores were higher utilizers of health care but were not at an increased risk of future adverse disease outcomes.
Two difficult forms on the Tune memorial
Authors: Mees Bernard 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Tune runestone preserves one of the most important older runic inscriptions. Yet two main interpretations have been proposed for the text on side B of the early Norwegian memorial. The more recent interpretation relies on the existence of a Proto-Germanic fabricatory verb *dālijanąthat is not attested otherwise. Side B also features a superlative adjective featuring the ending-jōstēzwhose root has equally been the subject of a range of unlikely proposals. The early runic verbdalidunis most plausibly taken as reflecting a loan of *dāl-, the Celtic reflection of the Indo-European verbal root *deh1(i̯)- ‘to divide’, while the superlative appears to be most obviously comparable to Gothicsinistans‘elders’.
Den tyske kreds i dansk litteraturhistorieskrivning
Authors: Sandberg Anna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor two decades Copenhagen was a cultural powerhouse in European Enlightenment due to the so-called German Circle in Copenhagen (1750–1770) initiated by King Frederik V. and J. H. E. Bernstorff. The article examines the description of the German Circle in Danish literary history through three major phases: from early Enlightenment through the 19thCentury and up until today’s European and global histories. The historiographic survey shows a decreasing interest in representing this cultural and intellectual group as a centre of a European transfer between English, Scandinavian and German literature. Instead, attention is paid to Klopstock and Johannes Ewald as key figures in the transition to a modern poetry. In general, Danish literary histories display a fear of German cultural colonization and anxieties about the status of Danish as a minor language. In current historiography, the German Circle seems to have disappeared and might be at the brink of fading into cultural oblivion.
Das Ende eines Zyklus?
Authors: Kim Seongcheol 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Entwicklungspfade von Podemos in Spanien und La France Insoumise (LFI) in Frankreich bis zur jüngsten Bündnisbildung um Sumar bzw. NUPES skizziert und die aktuellen Entwicklungen beider Parteien vor diesem Hintergrund eingeordnet. Sowohl Podemos als auch LFI bilden Paradebeispiele für „Volksparteien neuen Typs“, die auf vertikal-plebiszitäre Bindungen zwischen einer zentralen Führung und einem breit partizipierenden „Volk“ im Innern setzen und den übergreifenden Anspruch erheben, mithilfe dieser Strategie Wahlen im Alleingang zu „gewinnen“. Im Rahmen von Sumar bzw. NUPES soll dieses Ziel mit anderen Mitteln und mit neuen Bündnispartnern erreicht werden: nämlich durch ein neu gemischtes Linkslager mit neuem Namen und nach einer ähnlichen Logik der Führungszentrierung.
Engagement recht(s) extrem
Authors: Krüger Christine 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Soziales Engagement kann für die extreme Rechte ein attraktiver Bereich sein, um gesellschaftliche Themen und Diskurse mit demokratiefeindlichen, rassistischen und nationalsozialistischen Ideologien zu beeinflussen und auf Strukturen sozialer Institutionen zu wirken. Prekäre Arbeitsbedingungen in der Sozialen Arbeit erweisen sich als ein Türöffner für extrem rechte Akteure, um eigene (soziale) Angebote zu etablieren.
The Latin Monetary Union Experience (1865‒1926): French Views on Monetary Union and Lending of Last Resort in Retrospect
Authors: Barbaroux Nicolas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Latin Monetary Union (hereafter LMU) was established in 1865 between France, Italy, Belgium and Switzerland. The agreement provided for the adoption of a common monetary base consisting of specie, and the adoption of the free circulation of gold and silver coins among them, whatever the issuing country. Despite its original goal, the minting of silver coins was subject to numerous restrictions (especially between 1874 and 1876) before being fully suspended by article nine of the convention of November 5th 1878. The necessity for a lender of last resort quickly appeared in practice, even though the 1865 convention, and its numerous amendments, did not mention it in theory. The present article looks at how the idea of the lender of last resort was discussed in the context of the Latin Monetary Union. Specifically, it focuses on two opposing views on the LMU and its problems, as adopted by French economists at the time. The article concludes that the Banque de France played a crucial role in safeguarding the LMU. Referring to Bordo’s 1990 typology of lenders of last resort, we also add a fifth type, that of converter of last resort, to characterise the specific role played by the Banque de France.
Occupational Experience Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Common Soldiering Tasks
Authors: Cohen Bruce S. , Redmond Jan E. , Haven Caitlin C. , Foulis Stephen A. , Canino Maria C. , Frykman Peter N. , Sharp Marilyn A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cohen BS, Redmond JE, Haven CC, Foulis SA, Canino MC, Frykman PN, Sharp MA. Occupational Experience Effects on Physiological and Perceptual Responses of Common Soldiering Tasks. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—This study measured the impact of occupational experience (i.e., time spent deployed, in military service, and in job and task performance frequency in training, deployment, and study practice) on the physiological (heart rate [HR] and oxygen consumption [VO2]) and perceptual (rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) responses to performance of critical physically demanding tasks (CPDTs). Five CPDTs (road march, build a fighting position, move under fire, evacuate a casualty, and drag a casualty to safety), common to all soldiers, were performed by 237 active duty soldiers. Linear regression models examined the association between measures of experience and physiological and perceptual performance responses to task demands. The level of significance was adjusted for multiple comparisons and set at ρ ≤ 0.0125 for this study. Significant and notable effect sizes included the impact of time spent deployed on the physiological measures of the road march (PostHR F = 24.84, p < 0.0001, β=-9.65), sandbag fill (PostHR F = 8.26, p = 0.005, β = −2.83), and sandbag carry (MeanHR F = 7.51, p = 0.007, β = −1.12; PostHR F = 7.35, p = 0.007, β = −0.87). For the road march task, there was a nearly 10 bpm decrease in postperformance HR for every year spent deployed. Road march, sandbag fill, and sandbag carry tasks PostHRs were also notably negatively associated with the experience measures of time in their MOS (job and time in military service but not for other physiological and perceptual responses, including VO2 and RPE. Frequency of task performance in training, deployment, and study practice was not meaningfully associated with experience. The results suggest that increasing task familiarization through on-the-job occupational operational experience may result in greater proficiency and reduced physiological effort.