bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discriminating seismic amplitude pitfall by low saturation gas using controlled-source electromagnetic technology
Authors: Salleh Nur Farhana , Hermana Maman , Basit Amatul Syafi Abdul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
One of false positives in seismic amplitude associates with the presence of low saturation gas. The amplitude response is ambiguous prominently in shallow subsurface due to similar amplitude of fizz gas to highly saturated gas reservoir. This pitfall is demonstrated in Gassmann’s fluid substitution modelling which drastic velocity reduction is modeled by 5% of gas. The strong reduction induces anomalous bright spot in seismic similarly manifested by a highly gas reservoir. In pore fluid characterization, seismic amplitude of a brine reservoir is well distinguished from gas by change of response polarity from negative to positive amplitude due to higher brine modulus than gas. To a lesser extent, the negative amplitude of gas sand almost identical between commercial and non-commercial gas trap and difficult to distinguish in seismic. The similar negative amplitude of the gas cases caused by a very low gas modulus resulting to sudden drop of rock bulk modulus despite with the presence of low gas percentage. Thus, seismic velocity slows down when travels through a gas sand medium. Integration of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method in hydrocarbon prediction reduces exploration risk by only detecting commercial hydrocarbon. It exploits resistivity contrast between overburden and hydrocarbon reservoir which highly controlled by hydrocarbon saturation. CSEM normalized response exceeds the cut off response by a minimum saturation of 70% of gas. Less than 70% of gas, CSEM response is below the cut off response which considered as insignificant anomaly in CSEM measurement. It becomes a key strength as this method reduces amplitude uncertainty in seismic due to low saturation gas and potentially improves the chances of economic discovery in hydrocarbon exploration.
Geomorphological evolution of the Group I fluvial system, AX field, Malay Basin
Authors: Zawri Nurul Fahana , Rahman Abdul Hadi Abd , Siddiqui Numair Ahmed , Nor Norizam Md 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The AX Field is located 167km off NNE Kerteh, Terengganu of Peninsular Malaysia, southwest of Malay Basin. This study is focused on the 3D seismic analysis of the Lower Miocene fluvio-deltaic Group I. The objective of the study is to evaluate the geomorphological evolution of fluvial succession and interpret the possible intra-basinal and extra-basinal controls on the fluvial evolution. One hundred strata slices were generated in order to evaluate the evolution of the fluvial systems within the Group I interval. Seismic attributes such as Root Mean Square (RMS), sweetness and spectral decomposition were computed to map channel geomorphology. Different fluvial styles were identified in the different parts of the study area. Variation of fluvial style were identified within the Group I interval including the low sinuosity system with tributary channels, high sinuosity system with broad meander belt and braided system. Fluvial channel imaged within the studied interval can be divided into six (6) stages based on the channel morphology. Stage 1 (1875 – 1810 ms), the oldest stage, displays high sinuosity channels. Braided system associated with coal deposition were imaged in Stage 2 (1810 – 1765 ms). During stage 3 (1765 – 1710 ms), the fluvial system is characterized by low to moderate sinuosity channel features that varies in scale and geometry. Stage 4 (1710 – 1675 ms) display fluvial style characterized by low sinuosity-to-straight system with tributary channels. Stage 5 (1675 – 1615 ms) is represented by high sinuosity fluvial system with broad meander belt and point bar. During Stage 6 (1615-1536 ms) the fluvial system displays moderate-to-high sinuosity. The high sinuosity system in period 6 exhibit well-defined meander scroll bar morphology that reveals the extension and translation course of the fluvial system.
First principle elastic property study of α-AI2O3 for application as nano-proppants
Authors: Danso D K , Negash B M , Padmanabhan E 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Slickwater hydraulic fracturing creates complex fracture networks in unconventional shale gas reservoirs. The use of spherical micron and nano-sized particles have been proposed as suitable sized materials to keep nano fractures conductive. Few materials have been investigated for occupying induced unpropped nano fractures. In this study, the nanomechanical properties of α-Al2O3, a commonly used fracture fluid nanomaterial is calculated using the density functional theory to study its pressure-dependent elasticity and hardness. The elastic properties of α-Al2O3 are calculated within the CASTEP code under different hydrostatic pressures between 0 and 1 GPa. α-Al2O3 experienced a 0.11% and 0.34% in structural lattice constant and volume, respectively. Material mechanical properties such as the Bulk modulus B, decrease Shear modulus G, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the trigonal α-Al2O3 nanocrystal structure are derived through the Voight-Reus-Hill approximation scheme. Young’s modulus of 391.8 and Hardness of 20.4 Gpa show that α-Al2O3 nanoparticles can withstand reservoir pressures without significant deformation. Elastic constants of α-Al2O3 generally increased with high pressure. However slight variations occurred in the derived nanomechanical properties between the pressure regime investigated.
Application of Machine Learning for Shale Reservoir Permeability Prediction
Authors: Prajapati Srichand , Padmanabhan Eswaran 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to ultra-low permeability, the characterization of shale reservoir is always being a challenge. The traditional models are insufficient to estimate the ultra-low permeability of shale reservoirs. Based on Machine Learning, we proposed a simple mathematical approach to predict the permeability of shale reservoirs. Machine-learning techniques are good options for generating a rapid, robust, and cost-effective permeability prediction because of their strengths to deliver the variables. Additionally, used the Kozeny’s equation with power mean approach to constraint the estimated permeability for more reliable. To do this, we used a pure shale well-log downloaded from open source. The results show that the predicted permeability is well correlated with the neutron log and significantly match with the other well-logs.
Pore structure characteristic of the Kroh black shale using field emission scanning electron microscopy and Nitrogen BET
Authors: Shoieb Monera Adam , Gebretsadik Haylay Tsegab , Ismail Mohd Suhaili 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Marine Paleozoic rocks account for about 25% of the surface Peninsular Malaysia. Black shales have primarily attracted interest from geologists in terms of their economic importance in hydrocarbon generation potential. The pore structue and pore size distributions of twenty shale samples from the Upper Ordovician to Lower Devonian Kroh Formation in the upper Perak were examined by using Nitrogen gas adsorption (N2 GA) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) eccupied by EDX techniques. The results of FE-SEM showed that the shale samples mainly composed quartz, kaolinite, and illite. The pores in shale have been classified into three types; two were associated with mineral matrix such as interparticle pores found in particles and clay flakes, and intraparticle pores found within particles or grains, while the third pore type were related to the organic matter (OM). The result of N2 adsorption analysis of the shale samples revealed that the pressure adsorption showed significant differences in surface area and pore volumes. Pore size distributions of all the Kroh shale samples they were predominantly multi-modal only few samples has unimodal pore sizes distribution with the shale median pore throat range = 10 to 100 nm. The pore volume has mesopores ranging from 2 to 50 nm, while the main specific surface area has micro-pores less than 2 nm and mesopores less than 50 nm.
Comparison between conventional and high-resolution measurements for unlocking the thin laminated potential reservoir, a case study
Authors: Sahari Sufizikri , Hassane Tharwat , Zahir Zuhar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In Low resistivity low contrast (LRLC), also known as low resistivity pay (LRP), one of the factors is, the existence of alternating thin sedimentary layers of various rock types in hydrocarbon reservoirs, commonly consist of sandstone, siltstone and claystone and have been widely reported today. This phenomenon causes the potential intervals to be misinterpreted as non-hydrocarbon bearing zone due to its ability to reduce the measured apparent resistivity which result in overestimated water saturation calculation and due to its low contrast, in comparison with water bearing interval, this phenomenon always make well analyst to by passed this interval. As a result, from falsified measured resistivity, the final reserves volume tends to be underestimated. A huge number of studies have proven this kind of interval able to produce oil with very low water-cut therefore this paper would like to present the case study of solving this complex lithology by using sophisticated petrophysical modeling with a combination of Thomas-Stieber plot. Measured vertical (Rv) and horizontal (Rh) resistivity is available for this study and will be used as comparison. In general, this paper will present two case studies for final saturation computation, a) The sand resistivity will be estimated through inversion using measured resistivity anisotropy (Rv - Rh), b) The sand resistivity is reconstruct based on identified volume fraction of clay, whereas the shale resistivity estimated from conventional resistivity (RDEEP). Both of the cases will be calibrated using measured saturation from core by using Dean-Stark technique. Selected interval in this study (X1 zone) is a proven oil interval with a standard volume production rate 698 bbl/day. The final comparison of saturation computed using measured resistivity anisotropy yield a high correlation in contrast, the inversion using conventional resistivity yields less correlation with saturation from core. Nonetheless, by comparing with conventional computed saturation i.e. Waxman Smith, the final saturation of these two cases is significantly increased and unmasked the hydrocarbon-bearing interval. Therefore, case b indicates the best approach to be used whenever the advance measured resistivity anisotropy is unavailable.
Reducing the risk of low saturation gas using controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) in K-Field, Central Luconia: a forward modeling case study
Authors: Salleh Nur Farhana , Hermana Maman , Mohd Hassan Nik Nur Anis Amalina Nik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The application of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) in hydrocarbon exploration significantly facilitates the detection of economic hydrocarbon. The method captures anomalies through the resistivity contrast between the overburdens and hydrocarbon-bearing lithologies. In most cases, the resistivity contrast is only prominent when there is sufficient hydrocarbon saturation. K-Field is situated on the continental shelf of Sarawak Basin, a sub-mature area for oil and gas in the Central Luconia province. Despite the low saturation of the gas in the Cycle VI sand, the seismic data shows a strong amplitude in the shallow section. Therefore, this study is conducted to assess the change of resistivity and CSEM response to the gas saturation and thickness variations of thin-gas sand in the K-Field. 3D resistivity models and three exploration wells are provided and two main methods are implemented in this study comprising the resistivity and CSEM forward modelings. The resistivity modeling is conducted using the Indonesia water saturation equation for different gas saturation scenarios and subsequently, the modeled resistivity is inputted in 1D and 2.5D CSEM forward modeling. The modeled CSEM response analysis is done by normalizing the modeled CSEM amplitude to the background or also known as normalized amplitude response (NAR). In gas saturation variation, the modeled resistivity showed an insignificant resistivity increase from 0.45Ωm to 0.55Ωm from wet case to 5% of gas and strongly increases to 35Ωm at 90% of gas saturation. The 1D CSEM NAR shows a very weak response of less than a 3% increase for 5% of gas and up to 230% increase for 90% of gas. In gas thickness variation, the CSEM NAR is weak and less than a 15% cutoff for all the tested thicknesses for 5% and 45% of in-situ gas. At 70% of gas, 25m is the minimum detected gas thickness with a 17.5% response increase, and at 90% of gas, the response is already strong at a minimum 5m thickness with a 35% increase. The modeled 2D CSEM responses also show that only 70% and 90% of gas sand layers in the K-field were delineated distinctively by the inline receivers with a 40% and 200% response increase respectively.
Surface analysis of liquid adsorption onto shale
Authors: Abdulelah Hesham , Negash Berihun Mamo , Babatunde Kawthar Adewumi , Alzanam Ali Aref Ali , Hakimi Mohammed Hail , Padmanabhan Eswaran 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Shale rocks are one of the world's most important unconventional gas resources today, thanks to technical advancements. Fluid adsorption in tight rocks like shale is critical for designing fracturing and treatment fluids. However, adsorption of fluids in shale is not fully understood, and quantifying it remains difficult. In addition, the complicated pore structure of shale rocks makes characterisation challenging. Wettability can be used to understand the affinity of a solid surface to adhere certain fluid. Shales present several basic problems when employing standard techniques because of their small grain size, low permeability, and reactive components. We assessed and compare the wettability of shale using contact angle and spontaneous imbibition methods in two shale samples. The findings showed no correlation between contact angle and imbibition curves. Such behaviour is due heterogeneity of shale surface. Contact angle produces local wetting characteristics, but shale sample is rather complex and contact angle is therefore not representative. Imbibition results might be more reliable since fluids contacts with the whole sample.
Study on the propulsion of the rigid-flexible composite plate driven on two points
Authors: Wu Wenbo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The fish can be driven by the sarcomere at different locations of the body. To study the hydrodynamic performance of the fish in this process, the self-propulsion of a composite plate driving on two points was investigated. It is supposed that the forces were exerted on the junction point to maintain a given pitch motion of the rigid portion, and an additional external moment was exerted at a point on the flexible plate. The ratio between the lengths of the rigid portion and the flexible portion was fixed as 1/9, which was reasonable for a real fish. The acting point and phase angle of the additional external moment was varying to study the cooperation of the forces on different points. It was found that the additional external moment was not always promoting the propulsion velocity and efficiency of the composite plate. The additional external moment near the joint point was most suitable for improve the propulsive velocity and efficiency of the composite plate. The anti-phase additional external moment was prejudicing the propulsion of the plate. The additional external moment could change the vibration shape of the flexible plate and the flow structure around it. As ϕ = π, the amplitude and the gradient of the deformation was largely reduced, and the wake became long and narrow. The hydrodynamic forces at the head and tail portion of the flexible plate were hindering the propulsion of the plate, while the thrust was mainly produced on the intermediate portion. It was expected that our investigation can be helpful for the design of the soft robotic fish.
The formation and growth of intermetallic compounds during interdiffusion of Al/Cu bimetals
Authors: Cao Fei , Zhang Peng , Zou Juntao , Wang Tongmin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The diffusion couple technology was used to study the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Al/Cu bimetals at the temperature range of 480-540 oC for 5-20 h. The interfacial microstructure formed during interdiffusion and the growth kinetics of IMCs are determined. The results show that four different kinds of IMCs (Al2Cu, AlCu, Al2Cu3 and Al4Cu9) were formed at the Al/Cu interface, which is related to the interfacial diffusion reaction and the migration of phase interfaces. The growth of IMCs is mainly controlled by volume diffusion, and follows a parabolic growth kinetics, i.e. L = kt
1/2. Based on the effective heat of formation model and Gibbs free energy change calculation, the Al2Cu is predicted to form first and the formation sequence of the four IMCs is Al2Cu, Al4Cu9, AlCu and Al2Cu3.
Generation of few µm high optical vortex using tunable spiral plates
Authors: Awasthi Saurabh , Kang SeungYeon 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Optical vortices have been extensively explored, due to their widespread applications, spanning from optical trapping to laser processing. Previously, several methods for generating optical vortices had been reported. However, none of the previously reported methods demonstrated the design of a geometrically variable tunable spiral plate (SP) capable of tuning the optical vortex’s features. In this study, we present a three-dimensional tunable SP capable of generating desired vortex and focal characteristics. These SPs are 10 µm in width and 7–17 µm in height, generating few µm high vortices. We used the 3D finite difference time domain approach to model and simulate these SPs for incident plane waves with a wavelength of 632 nm. We show that the vortex profiles can be tweaked in two ways: by changing the SP’s geometrical features along the vertical axis, and by changing its refractive index.
Silver nanoprism-mediated protein estimation—an ultrasensitive platform for rapid estimation of protein concentration
Authors: Sundar Katha Shyam , Ramesh Jatavath , Chinthala Praveen , Rao Karunakar , Banerjee Swagata , Roy Shibsekhar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Estimation of protein concentration in the range of nanogram level (ng/ml) is a big challenge for conventional protein estimation methods. The highly dipole sensitive spectroscopic properties of Silver nanoprism (AgNPR) has been utilized to develop a rapid and highly sensitive method for the estimation of globular protein concentration at ng/ml (or ppb) range. We have applied a unique molecular doping approach to introduce protein in the interstitial space of the Ag fcc(111) crystal planes within AgNPR structure. The presence of the doped protein induces deformation in the crystal plane arrangement of AgNPR that results in a quantitative red shift of the dipole resonance peak (D-peak) of AgNPR under UV–vis spectroscopy. The proposed method allows detection of a protein concentration range of as low as 1–20 ng ml−1- that is better than the sensitivity limit of conventional protein estimation techniques. This method has been successfully applied for commonly used proteins like haemoglobin (Hb), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), Trypsin (TRYP) and Lysozyme (LYS) with a very low limit of detection (LOD) within 2–6 ng ml−1. The lowest LOD value was shown by Hb as 2.08 ng ml−1. The method has further been validated by measuring Casein concentration from milk with an accuracy of 99% and 95% recovery for the concentration of 3.1 and 31 ng ml−1 respectively. Transmission emission microscopy (TEM) images show that the doped protein has been found to alter the size and shape of the AgNPR as a function of the dopant concentration by creating systematic deformation. This method does not require any alteration of the reaction temperature and solely depends on the physical interaction of doped protein with its neighbouring crystal structure of the nanoplanar geometry.
Adherence to 5 Diet Quality Indices and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Large US Prospective Cohort
Authors: Julián-Serrano Sachelly , Reedy Jill , Robien Kim , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFew prospective studies have examined associations between diet quality and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), or comprehensively compared diet quality indices. We conducted a prospective analysis of adherence to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, alternative HEI-2010, alternate Mediterranean diet (aMed), and 2 versions of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH; Fung and Mellen) and PDAC within the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health Study (United States, 1995–2011). The dietary quality indices were calculated using responses from a 124-item food frequency questionnaire completed by 535,824 participants (315,780 men and 220,044 women). We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each diet quality index and PDAC. During follow-up through 2011 (15.5-year median), 3,137 incident PDAC cases were identified. Compared with those with the lowest adherence quintile, participants with the highest adherence to the HEI-2015 (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94), aMed (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93), DASH-Fung (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.95), and DASH-Mellen (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96) had a statistically significant, lower PDAC risk; this was not found for the alternative HEI-2010 (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.04). This prospective observational study supports the hypothesis that greater adherence to the HEI-2015, aMed, and DASH dietary recommendations may reduce PDAC.
Service user involvement in social work education: Enhancing student learning about intimate partner violence
Authors: Jury Rebecca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Men who use intimate partner violence (IPV) are often excluded from service user involvement approaches, including those provided in social work education. This article outlines Australian research in which men who use IPV developed a learning resource, the resource was shown to social work students and student feedback sought through pre- and post-test questionnaires and group discussion. Students reported increased knowledge regarding interpersonal violence, greater awareness of the skills required to engage service users who use IPV and willingness to work alongside service users who are involuntary and/or have multiple issues in future social work placements and practice. The findings suggest, when risks are well managed, it may be possible to incorporate the lived experiences of men who use IPV in social work education with positive benefit for student learning. The ramifications of these findings for social work education and practice internationally are discussed.