bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of complementary and alternative medicine in fertility and gynaecological disorders in Jordan: a mixed-method descriptive study
Authors: Al-Nimri Rana , Akour Amal , Kasabri Violet , Al-Samydai Ali 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study is to assess the extent of CAM use, with emphasis on herbs, in treating gynecological disorders, and their perceived efficacy and safety.

Methods
This was a mixed-method study of two parts (cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative study) of 338 women suffering from gynecological disorders during the last 3 months. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire of three parts: demographics, medical history and the CAM use patterns. Qualitative part was conducted by a 20-min verbal face-to-face interview.

Key findings
During the last 3 months, 232 (68.64%) of participants had used CAM for various gynaecological conditions, of which, 135 (58.19%) used herbal remedies. Almost half of participants have a good awareness about CAM definition, and they mainly used CAM before or concurrently with traditional medicines.

Conclusions
This study provides an overview of various CAM remedies used to treat gynaecological disorders in the Jordanian society, which would draw attention to the necessity of conducting interventional studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAM in treating gynaecological disorders, either as stand-alone or adjuvant treatment.
Assessment of measurement invariance of psychometric tool for pharmaceutical sales executives: implications for social and behavioural pharmacy research
Authors: Oamen Theophilus Ehidiamen , Idiake Joshua , Omorenuwa Oamen Sophia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the measurement invariance quality of a short-item employee work assessment questionnaire across key subgroups of pharmaceutical executives.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with data collected using a nine-item structured questionnaire randomly administered to 406 pharmaceutical executives in Nigeria. Structural equation modelling using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 24, and criteria for invariance were absolute change in goodness-of-fit criteria and chi-square test at P &lt; 0.05.

Key findings
Results showed gender [men (n = 293, 72%), women (n = 113, 28%)], [pharmacist (n = 117, 28.8%, non-pharmacist (n = 289, 71.2%)], company type [indigenous (n = 249, 61%), multinational (n = 157, 39%)], and industry experience [low experience; ≤10 years (n = 363, 89%), high experience: ≥10 years (n = 43, 11%)]. Model-fit and construct validity of the instrument were satisfactory. Configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance of the instrument were confirmed across gender, professional training, and experience levels. Only configural and metric invariance were attained for company type.

Conclusions
The developed questionnaire is adequate for assessing pharmacy workforce perception across multiple demographic groups. Invariance testing and reporting are beneficial in social, administrative, and behavioural pharmacy research.
Decoupling between leaf nitrogen and radiation-use efficiency in vegetative and early reproductive stages in high-yielding soybean
Authors: Menza Nicolás Cafaro La , Arkebauer Timothy J , Lindquist John L , Monzon Juan Pablo , Knops Johannes M H , Graef George , Scoby David , Howard Réka , Rees Jennifer , Specht James E , Grassini Patricio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ontogenic changes in soybean radiation-use efficiency (RUE) have been attributed to variation in specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) based only on data collected during seed filling. We evaluated this hypothesis using data on leaf area, absorbed radiation (ARAD), aboveground dry matter (ADM), and plant nitrogen (N) concentration collected during the entire crop season from seven field experiments conducted in a stress-free environment. Each experiment included a full N treatment that received ample N fertilizer and a zero N treatment that relied on N fixation and soil N mineralization. We estimated RUE based on changes in ADM between sampling times and associated ARAD, accounting for changes in biomass composition. The RUE and SLN exhibited different seasonal patterns: a bell-shaped pattern with a peak around the beginning of seed filling, and a convex pattern followed by an abrupt decline during late seed filling, respectively. Changes in SLN explained the decline in RUE during seed filling but failed to predict changes in RUE in earlier stages and underestimated the maximum RUE observed during pod setting. Comparison between observed and simulated RUE using a process-based crop simulation model revealed similar discrepancies. The decoupling between RUE and SLN during early crop stages suggests that leaf N is above that needed to maximize crop growth but may play a role in storing N that can be used in later reproductive stages to meet the large seed N demand associated with high-yielding crops.
Validation of Two Revised, Simplified Criteria for Assessing Sepsis-Associated Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in ICU Patients with Sepsis-3: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Bo , Shen Ying , Li Jiaoyuan , Yuan Xu , Tang Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to validate the performance of modified Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (m-JAAM) and simplified Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (s-JSTH) criteria in diagnosing coagulation disorders in sepsis and examine their prognostic value compared with sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) and International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) criteria.MethodsThis retrospective study included subjects diagnosed with sepsis (August 2020 to February 2021, n = 296). The m-JAAM, s-JSTH, SIC, and ISTH criteria were evaluated and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUCs).ResultsThere was no significant difference in AUC for predicting in-hospital 28-day mortality by m-JAAM, s-JSTH, SCI, and ISTH criteria (0.745, 0.763, 0.760, and 0.730, respectively). The proportion of patients fulfilling the m-JAAM and SIC criteria was higher than that of the s-JSTH and ISTH criteria (43.2%, 56.1% vs. 25.0%, 22.6%, P &lt; .05).ConclusionThe m-JAAM criteria might be more suitable for early-stage disseminated intravascular coagulation of sepsis than s-JSTH criteria.
Cancer Incidence and Etiology in the Active Duty Population of U.S. Military
Authors: Lovejoy Leann A , Shriver Craig D , Ellsworth Rachel E 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As members of the military, all active duty service members (ADS) must meet physical fitness requirements and are provided with equal-access healthcare through the DoD. In addition, 92% of ADS are ≤40 years of age. Together, these characteristics suggest that ADS represent a healthy population that may have a low risk of cancer. Each year, however, &gt;800 ADS are diagnosed with cancer and the resulting in time off for treatment, reassignment, or medical retirement may significantly impact force readiness.

Material and Methods
Relevant literature was identified by searching the PubMed database using search terms ACTIVE DUTY and CANCER. Only articles written in English were included.

Results
Melanoma is the most common cancer in ADS, while testicular cancer is the most common cancer in males and breast cancer is the most common in females. Cancer incidence patterns in ADS differ from those in the general U.S. population and from military veterans. Tumor etiology in ADS may be influenced by military-enriched exposures such as prolonged use of oral contraceptives, suboptimal use of sunscreen, exposure to volatile organic compounds, or germline predisposition/family history.

Conclusions
The etiology of cancer within ADS remains largely unknown. A number of new research programs may provide the means to improve understanding of the etiology of cancer in ADS. Together, these efforts will improve prevention, early detection, and clinical management, thus improving the outcomes of ADS and preserving force readiness.
The RNA helicase Ski2 in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans highlights key roles in azoles resistance and stress tolerance
Authors: Li Chenxi , Ma Xiaoyu , Ma Lan , Zhen Sihui , Na Yinan , Zhang Ping , Zhu Xudong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The yeast SKI (superkiller) complex was originally identified from cells that were infected by the M ‘killer’ virus. Ski2, as the core of the SKI complex, is a cytoplasmic cofactor and regulator of RNA-degrading exosome. The putative RNA helicase Ski2 was highly conserved from yeast to animals and has been demonstrated to play a key role in the regulation of RNA surveillance, temperature sensitivity, and growth in several yeasts but not yet in Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans). Here, we report the identification of a gene encoding an equivalent Ski2 protein, named SKI2, in the fungal pathogen C. neoformans. To obtain insights into the function of Ski2, we created a mutant strain, ski2Δ, with the CRISPR–Cas9 editing tool. Disruption of SKI2 impaired cell wall integrity. Further investigations revealed the defects of the ski2Δ mutant in resistance to osmotic stresses and extreme growth temperatures. However, significantly, the ability to undergo invasive growth under nutrient-depleted conditions was increased in the ski2Δ mutant. More importantly, our results showed that the ski2Δ mutant exhibited slightly lower virulence and severe susceptibility to anti-ribosomal drugs by comparison to the wild type, but it developed multidrug resistance to azoles and flucytosine. By constructing the double deletion strain ski2Δafr1Δ, we verified that increased Afr1 in ski2Δ contributed to the azole resistance, which might be influenced by nonclassical small interfering RNA. Our work suggests that Ski2 plays critical roles in drug resistance and regulation of gene transcription in the yeast pathogen C. neoformans.
The luminous type IIn supernova SN 2017hcc: Infrared bright, X-ray, and radio faint
Authors: Chandra Poonam , Chevalier Roger A , James Nicholas J H , Fox Ori D 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We present multiwavelength observations of supernova (SN) 2017hcc with the Chandra X-ray telescope and the X-ray telescope onboard Swift (Swift-XRT) in X-ray bands, with the Spitzer and the TripleSpec spectrometer in near-infrared (IR) and mid-IR bands and with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) for radio bands. The X-ray observations cover a period of 29 to 1310 d, with the first X-ray detection on day 727 with the Chandra. The SN was subsequently detected in the VLA radio bands from day 1000 onwards. While the radio data are sparse, synchrotron-self absorption is clearly ruled out as the radio absorption mechanism. The near- and the mid-IR observations showed that late time IR emission dominates the spectral energy distribution. The early properties of SN 2017hcc are consistent with shock breakout into a dense mass-loss region, with $\dot{M} \sim 0.1$ M⊙ yr−1 for a decade. At few 100 d, the mass-loss rate declined to ∼0.02 M⊙ yr−1, as determined from the dominant IR luminosity. In addition, radio data also allowed us to calculate a mass-loss rate at around day 1000, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than the mass-loss rate estimates around the bolometric peak. These values indicate that the SN progenitor underwent an enhanced mass-loss event a decade before the explosion. The high ratio of IR to X-ray luminosity is not expected in simple models and is possible evidence for an asymmetric circumstellar region.
Gaia spectroscopic orbits validated with LAMOST and GALAH radial velocities
Authors: Bashi D , Shahaf S , Mazeh T , Faigler S , Dong S , El-Badry K , Rix H W , Jorissen A 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The recently published Gaia DR3 catalogue of $181\, 327$ spectroscopic binaries (SB) includes the Keplerian elements of each orbit but not the measured radial velocities (RVs) and their epochs. Instead, the catalogue lists a few parameters that characterize the robustness of each solution. In this work, we use two external sources to validate the orbits – $17\, 563$ LAMOST DR6 and $6 018$ GALAH DR3 stars with measured RVs that have Gaia-SB orbits. We compare the expected RVs, based on the Gaia orbits, with the LAMOST and GALAH measurements. Finding some orbits that are inconsistent with these measurements, we constructed a function that estimates the probability of each of the Gaia orbits to be correct, using the published robust parameters. We devise a clean but still very large Gaia single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1) sample of $91\, 740~$ orbits. The sample differs from the parent sample by the absence of – physically unlikely and hence presumably spurious – short-period binaries with high eccentricity. The clean SB1 sample offers the prospect of thorough statistical studies of the binary population after carefully modelling the remaining selection effects. At the first look, two possible features emerge from the clean sample – a paucity of short-period binaries with low-mass primaries, which might be a result of some observational bias, and a subsample of main-sequence binaries on circular orbits, probable evidence for circularization processes.
Galaxy–halo size relation from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 and the ELUCID simulation
Authors: Zhang Youcai , Yang Xiaohu , Guo Hong 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Based on galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 and dark matter haloes in the dark matter only, cosmological, and constrained ELUCID simulation, we investigate the relation between the observed radii of central galaxies with stellar mass $\gtrsim\!{10}^{8} \, h^{-2}\, {\rm M}_\odot$ and the virial radii of their host dark matter haloes with virial mass $\gtrsim\!{10}^{10.5} \, h^{-1}\, {\rm M}_\odot$, and the dependence of galaxy–halo size relation on the halo spin and concentration. Galaxies in observation are matched to dark matter (sub)haloes in the ELUCID simulation using a novel neighbourhood subhalo abundance matching method. For galaxy two-dimensional (2D) half-light radii R50, we find that early- and late-type galaxies have the same power-law index 0.55 with $R_{50} \propto R_{\rm vir}^{0.55}$, although early-type galaxies have smaller 2D half-light radii than late-type galaxies at fixed halo virial radii. When converting the 2D half-light radii R50 to 3D half-mass radii r1/2, both early- and late-type galaxies display similar galaxy–halo size relations with $\log r_{1/2} = 0.55 \log (R_{\rm vir}/210 \, h^{-1}\, {\rm kpc}) + 0.39$. We find that the galaxy–halo size ratio r1/2/Rvir decreases with increasing halo mass. At fixed halo mass, there is no significant dependence of galaxy–halo size ratio on the halo spin or concentration.
The recent star formation history of NGC 628 on resolved scales
Authors: Lomaeva Maria , De Looze Ilse , Saintonge Amélie , Decleir Marjorie 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Star formation histories (SFHs) are integral to our understanding of galaxy evolution. We can study recent SFHs by comparing the star formation rate (SFR) calculated using different tracers, as each probes a different time-scale. We aim to calibrate a proxy for the present-day rate of change in SFR, dSFR/dt, which does not require full spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling and depends on as few observables as possible, to guarantee its broad applicability. To achieve this, we create a set of models in cigale and define an SFR change diagnostic as the ratio of the SFR averaged over the past 5 and 200 Myr, $\langle SFR_{\rm {5}} \rangle \big / \langle SFR_{\rm {200}} \rangle$, probed by the H α–FUV colour. We apply $\langle SFR_{\rm {5}} \rangle \big / \langle SFR_{\rm {200}} \rangle$ to the nearby spiral NGC 628 and find that its star formation activity has overall been declining in the recent past, with the spiral arms, however, maintaining a higher level of activity. The impact of the spiral arm structure is observed to be stronger on $\langle SFR_{\rm {5}} \rangle \big / \langle SFR_{\rm {200}} \rangle$ than on the star formation efficiency. In addition, increasing disc pressure tends to increase recent star formation, and consequently $\langle SFR_{\rm {5}} \rangle \big / \langle SFR_{\rm {200}} \rangle$. We conclude that $\langle SFR_{\rm {5}} \rangle \big / \langle SFR_{\rm {200}} \rangle$ is sensitive to the molecular gas content, spiral arm structure, and disc pressure. The $\langle SFR_{\rm {5}} \rangle \big / \langle SFR_{\rm {200}} \rangle$ indicator is general and can be used to reconstruct the recent SFH of any star-forming galaxy for which H α, FUV, and either mid- or far-IR photometry is available, without the need of detailed modelling.
Decarboxylation of glycine on icy grain surfaces: a first-principle investigation
Authors: Xavier Neubi F , da Silva Antonio M , Sacchi Marco , Bauerfeldt Glauco F 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Much effort has been devoted to the investigation of the reactivity of glycine, the smallest amino acid, in different environments in the interstellar medium (ISM). While the formation paths are expected to follow a gas-solid mechanism, the full picture of glycine survival in the ISM remains yet unrevealed. In this work, we have adopted density functional theory under periodic boundary conditions to simulate mechanisms for the decarboxylation of glycine on a water-rich surface and on a glycine ice. We have performed calculations at the PBE-D3/USPP level, from which several adsorption modes of glycine on each surface were investigated and decomposition mechanisms into CO2 and CH3NH2 on the different interfaces were suggested. Most favourable adsorption sites of glycine have adsorption energies of −106.54 and −98.52 kJ mol−1 on the water ice and glycine ice, respectively. Glycine decomposes into CO2 and CH3NH2 through a two-step mechanism on the water ice and four-step mechanism on the glycine surface, from which the barrier heights of the determinant steps were of 288.98 and 111.58 kJ mol−1, respectively. At temperatures of 50 K, decomposition of glycine into CO2 and CH3NH2 is an exergonic reaction, pointing to a thermodynamically controlled reaction in specific interstellar regions, such as hot-cores. Compared with reported glycine gas-phase reaction, much lower barrier heights for glycine formation were found in the surface models studied here.
Ionizing feedback from an O star formed in a shock-compressed layer
Authors: Whitworth A P , Priestley F D , Geen S T 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
We develop a simple analytical model for what happens when an O star (or compact cluster of OB stars) forms in a shock-compressed layer and carves out an approximately circular hole in the layer, at the waist of a bipolar H ii region (H iiR). The model is characterized by three parameters: the half-thickness of the undisturbed layer, $Z_{_{\rm LAYER}}$, the mean number density of hydrogen molecules in the undisturbed layer, $n_{_{\rm LAYER}}$, and the (collective) ionizing output of the star(s), $\dot{\cal N}_{_{\rm LyC}}$. The radius of the circular hole is given by $W_{_{\rm IF}}(t)\sim 3.8\, {\rm pc}\, [Z_{_{\rm LAYER}}/0.1\,{\rm pc}]^{-1/6}[n_{_{\rm LAYER}}/10^4\,{\rm cm^{-3}}]^{-1/3}[\dot{\cal N}_{_{\rm LyC}}/10^{49}\,{\rm s^{-1}}]^{1/6}[t/{\rm Myr}]^{2/3}$. Similar power-law expressions are obtained for the rate at which ionized gas is fed into the bipolar lobes, the rate at which molecular gas is swept up into a dense ring by the shock front that precedes the ionization front, and the density in this dense ring. We suggest that our model might be a useful zeroth-order representation of many observed H iiRs. From viewing directions close to the mid-plane of the layer, the H iiR will appear bipolar. From viewing directions approximately normal to the layer, it will appear to be a limb-brightened shell but too faint through the centre to be a spherically symmetric bubble. From intermediate viewing angles, more complicated morphologies can be expected.
Single-cell image analysis reveals over-expression of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) in human glioblastoma tissue
Authors: Cooper Elizabeth , Woolf Zoe , Swanson Molly E V , Correia Jason , Schweder Patrick , Mee Edward , Heppner Peter , Turner Clinton , Faull Richard L M , Scotter Emma L , Denny William A , Choi Peter J , Dragunow Mike , Jose Jiney , Park Thomas I-H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Whilst the role of the efflux transporters are well established in GBM, the expression and function of uptake transporters, such as the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) family, are not well understood. OATPs possess broad substrate specificity that includes anti-cancer agents; therefore, we sought to investigate the expression of four OATP isoforms in human GBM cell types using patient tumor tissue.

Methods
We used fluorescent immunohistochemical labeling of paraffin-embedded surgically resected tissues and single-cell image analysis methods to explore the expression of the OATP isoforms in different tumor cell types through co-labeling with cell-type specific markers, such as IBA1 (pan-myeloid), GFAP (tumor cell), PDGFRβ (stromal cell), and UEA-1-lectin (endothelial).

Results
We found significant over-expression of all the OATP isoforms (OATP1A2, 2B1, 1C1 and 4A1) in GBM tumor sections when compared to non-neoplastic brain. A single-cell image analysis revealed that OATPs were significantly upregulated throughout the tumor parenchyma, with significantly higher expression found on lectin-positive blood vessels and IBA1-positive myeloid cells in GBM compared to non-tumor brain tissue. Qualitative analysis of the four OATP isoforms demonstrated greater expression of OATP4A1 in peri-necrotic regions of GBM tissue, which correlated with hypoxia-related markers within the Ivy GAP RNAseq dataset.

Conclusion
Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the protein expression of four OATPs in human GBM tissue, including upregulation within the tumor microenvironment by myeloid cells and tumor vasculature, and isoform-specific upregulation within hypoxic niches.
A Pilot E-Cigarette Voucher Scheme in a Rural County of the United Kingdom
Authors: Notley Caitlin , Belderson Pippa , Ward Emma , Wade James , Clarke Hannah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
E-Cigarette voucher schemes have been piloted across the UK to support populations to quit smoking. This short report evaluates a scheme that targets vulnerable and disadvantaged smokers who had failed to quit smoking by other means.

Methods
Descriptive summary evaluation of service data on smoking outcomes and qualitative data from selected participants, as “key-informants” (n = 4) and key stakeholders (stop smoking staff, vape shop staff, and general practitioners [GPs]).

Results
In total, 668 participants were referred to the scheme, and 340 participants redeemed a voucher. By intention to treat analysis (ITT) 143/668 (21%) were recorded as quit smoking at 4 weeks. At 12 weeks, 7.5% of participants had quit, by ITT. Overall, the pilot project was well received by clients as it offered an affordable route into vaping for smoking cessation. GPs supported the scheme and appreciated being able to offer an alternative to entrenched smokers.

Conclusions
The scheme shows promise in supporting entrenched smokers to quit smoking. The offer of similar voucher schemes across the UK suggests the potential to reduce overall smoking prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality.

Implications
Working with GPs in a deprived area, it was possible to set-up a vape shop voucher scheme for smoking cessation. Patients with comorbidities who had tried and failed to quit smoking previously were referred to receive a vape shop voucher to be redeemed for an initial starter kit, alongside support from the stop smoking service. This innovative scheme enabled 42% of entrenched smokers who redeemed a voucher to successfully quit smoking within 4 weeks.