bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Study on Natural Convection in a Concentric Vertical Annulus
Authors: Al-Thaher Mohanned A. , Aslan Sami Retha , Mahdi Manar S. 
Published: July 2022

The research include a theoretical study of natural laminar study convection heat transfer in a vertical annuls, the surfaces were at constant temperature and the inner cylinder temperature is higher than the outer cylinder temperature. The air used as a working fluid in the annulus. Rayleigh Number was( 71 Ra 5 10 4 ) and the radius ratio were (1.7, 2.0 and 2.3). Alternating direct implicit method (ADI) was used to solve the governing equations numerically, the governing equations were transformed into vorticity-stream function formula then transformed into algebraic equations using finite difference method. The results were declared by using contour diagrams which represent streamlines and isotherms also the results were declared by velocity and temperature distribution through the annulus and local Nusselt number along the inner cylinder.It was found in this research that heat transfer by conduction in low Rayleigh Number, also increasing the thermal boundary layer around the inner cylinder as the fluid moves up while the thermal boundary layer on the outer cylinder increases as the fluid moves down.
Effect of Operating Conditions on Aromatic Content at Basrah Crude Oil Hydrotreating
Authors: Jarallah Aysar Talip 
Published: July 2022

In Trickle Bed Reactor Basrah crude oil was hydrotreated using a common hydrotreating catalyst (Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3) . The operating conditions of this treating was, temperature (600 – 675 K) , Liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) (0.6 – 1.9 hr-1) , constant pressure (3 Mpa) and H2/Oil ratio 300 L/L were performed. Experiments results show that aromatic content was reduced as temperature increases and LHSV decreases, as well as the aromatic saturation were greatly enhanced at the same condition .
A Study in Flow Characteristics of Liquid Falling Film in Spiral Tubes
Authors: Abdl-rahman Zaid A. , Abdullah Ghassan Hamad 
Published: July 2022

A study has been done on experimental investigation of the flow characteristic of water falling film in spiral tubes. The ratio of the surface film velocity to average film velocity (us/uF) is less than 1 for low angle of inclination (4-8 o) where as it increases as the angle of inclination increases reaching a value of about us/uF = 1.2 . This small value of the velocity ratio is due to the liquid film rotation in coil which causes some deletion. The film thickness (δ) experimental data correlated well bythe following equation: δ = 0.0048 ReF0.7064 sin-1/3θ ( with R2 = 0.959 )
An Experimental Study on Forced Convection Heat Transfer From An Embedded Horizontal Cylinders Array in A Porous Medium in Cross Flow
Authors: Al-Dhaher Mohanad A. , Al-Mosawi Mohammed H. , Al-Sammarai Ahmed T. 
Published: July 2022

An experimental study on forced convection heat transfer from an embedded horizontal cylinders array in a porous medium in cross flow was carried out under constant heated cylinder surface temperature condition. The study included the effect of Peclet number, heated cylinder location in array, and the spaces between cylinders on the heat loss ability from this cylinder, as well as the enhancement in heat transfer rate due to embedding the cylinders array in a porous medium. An experimental set-up was used for this purpose which consists of a blower, air duct, test section, and heating element which is represented by a copper cylinder with a diameter of (12.7 mm) heated internally by an electrical source, which represents transfer and heat loss element through this set-up. The experiments were done at the range of spacing ratios between (1.2 ≤ S / D ≤ 2 ) for the cylinders array consisting of five embedded horizontal cylinders in a porous medium consisted of Alumina granules with a particle diameter rate of (3.938 mm) in a turbulent flow at Peclet numbers between (15 < Pe < 56 ). The study showed that the ability of heated cylinder to heat loss is a function of Peclet number, its location in array, and the spaces between cylinders. This ability is increased by increasing Peclet number, and it was shown that this ability reaches maximum value at the third cylinder in array at a spacing ratio of (S/D=1.6) and also at the fourth cylinder in array at a spacing ratio of (S/D=1.4). Also, it was shown that the heated cylinder at any location in array for almost spacing ratios, there was an increase in the heat transfer as maximum (21%) in comparison with a single embedded cylinder in a porous medium. It was noticed that the maximum enhancement value of heat transfer from a heated cylinder in cylinders array (due to embedding it in a porous medium) was nearly five times the heat that transferred from the same free cylinders array or arrangement at the same flow velocity depending on available data from preceding experimental study.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer Through an Interface Separating Two Fluids in An Horizontal Annulus
Authors: Khalaf Maki H. 
Published: July 2022

In this research a theoretical study for laminar steady natural convection heat transfer through concentric horizontal annulus heated from inside, it’s contain two different fluids (pr1:0.7, pr2:7.0) for radius ratio (5) and for Gr numbers (102-105). A vorticity stream function formula was used in the numerical solution by transforming the governing differential equations into this formula, then turned into algebraic equations solved numerically using (Explicit Successive Over Relaxation finite deference method). To declare the movement of the fluids and the distribution of the temperatures through each of them counters for both streamlines and isotherms through the annulus were used, also the results contain calculating the distribution, of local Nu number along the internal cylinder inside the annulus, also a correlation was found to estimate the amount of heat transfer for both fluids. Through this research it’s found that two separating flows forming above and under the separating interface, also it’s found that the highest local Nu number accrue at the separating interface.
The Optimization of Machining Operations Based on Non-Quadratic Model Via Sumt
Authors: Saleh Salim A. 
Published: July 2022

The need for higher production rates and lower production cost emphasized the need to increase the rate of metal removal on metal cutting machine tools. This is however, limited by the different technical and technological constraints of the machining process so that the problem has to be handled as an optimization to determining the optimum values of the machining parameters. Several optimization techniques have been developed to solve this problem such as linear and non linear programming methods. However, due to the complexity of the mathematical models and the relatively large number of constraints involved, there is no obvious solution. This paper introduces a developed algorithm and compared to one of the well known iteration method that is the Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique (SUMT). The comparison through an example problem shows that the developed algorithm is more efficient, accurate, as well as quicker the optimum solution.
Preoperative Patient Education Programs for Orthopaedic Surgery: What Do the Programs Include? How Are They Delivered? What Are the Knowledge Gaps? A Scoping Review of 46 Studies
Authors: Furtado Rochelle , MacDermid Joy C. , Ziebart Christina , Bryant Dianne , Faber Kenneth J. 
Published: July 2022

Objectives To (1) describe the nature and content of the current literature on preoperative education programs for patients preparing for orthopaedic surgery, (2) assess the completeness of reporting program descriptions, and (3) report gaps within the literature. Design Scoping review Literature Search We searched the CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies that (1) addressed preoperative education in elective orthopaedic surgery or (2) provided descriptions or evaluations of a preoperative program, including the content or outcomes of the program. Study Selection Criteria Articles were included if they addressed preoperative patient education focused on an elective orthopaedic surgery and any of the (1) descriptions of an education program including any theoretical frameworks, content, or delivery, or (2) evaluations of the process of a preoperative educational program. Studies were excluded if they were treatment programs with the goal of resolving the problem occurring prior to surgery (eg, rehabilitation or pain management prior to surgery). Data Synthesis We used the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide to assess the completeness of reporting of the content of educational programs. Content was synthesized descriptively and by intervention mapping. The results informed of a draft operational definition of preoperative education that we refined based on expert consultation. Results Forty-six articles were included. There was variation in study designs, target populations, and intervention content. Preoperative education was defined in 1 out of 5 studies. Thirteen studies used a platform of video-based modules to deliver their program; 3 studies implemented virtual platforms. Results from the TIDieR checklist indicated that 30% of studies tracked adherence to and fidelity of their programs. A definition and conceptual map indicated that the length of stay, functional abilities, patient knowledge, and satisfaction were expected benefits. Conclusion Poor reporting of content, rationale, and frameworks for preoperative programs in orthopedics may explain why systematic reviews have not found support for their value. Future trials must improve rigor in design and reporting. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(9):572–585. Epub: 9 July 2022. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10614
A teologia dos direitos humanos de Jürgen Moltmann no contexto da crise migratória devido à mudança climática
Authors: Sampaio Rafael da Silva , Pacheco Restrepo Yilly Vanessa 
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo analisa, desde um enfoque interdisciplinar entre filosofia e teologia, a crise dos refugiados ambientais como um dos maiores desafios do século XXI. O pensamento antropocêntrico moderno produziu não apenas a separação entre o ser humano e a natureza, mas também a desvalorizou e a reificou. Desse modelo de pensamento resultam o antropoceno e uma compreensão antropocêntrica dos direitos humanos que leva à exclusão ou à falta de reconhecimento de certos grupos como no caso dos deslocados ambientais. Por uma parte, o deslocamento de grupos inteiros por questões climáticas traz consigo a vulneração de direitos humanos como: direito à vida, moradia e saúde. Por outra, os refugiados ambientais ainda carecem de reconhecimento internacional em tratados de direitos humanos. Diante disso, faz-se importante a superação desse modelo que, em última instância, impede a universalização dos direitos humanos. Para isso, a teologia dos direitos humanos de Jürgen Moltmann desde as teses do direito de Deus sobre os humanos e imago Dei possuem um papel fundamental. O artigo conclui demonstrando dois caminhos concretos que podem contribuir para a superação desse modelo moderno: a ressignificação do conceito de economia e o reconhecimento do dever ecológico fundamental.
Intrapatient variability of 18F-FDG uptake in normal tissues
Authors: Sayed Mohamed Hosny Mohamed , Abdelnaim Aya KM , Mohamadien Nsreen RA 
Published: July 2022

Objectives
To investigate the effect of serum glucose level and other confounding factors on the variability of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in normal tissues within the same patient on two separate occasions and to suggest an ideal reference tissue.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 334 18F-FDG PET/CT scans of 167 cancer patients including 38 diabetics. All patients had two studies, on average 152 ± 68 days apart. Ten matched volumes of interest were drawn on the brain, right tonsil, blood pool, heart, lung, liver, spleen, bone marrow, fat, and iliopsoas muscle opposite third lumber vertebra away from any pathological 18F-FDG uptake to calculate SUVmax.

Results
SUVmax of the lungs and heart were significantly different in the two studies (P = 0.003 and P = 0.024 respectively). Only the brain uptake showed a significant moderate negative correlation with the level of blood glucose in diabetic patients (r = −0.537, P = 0.001) in the first study, while the SUVmax of other tissues showed negligible or weak correlation with the level of blood glucose in both studies.
The liver showed significant moderate positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) in both studies (r = .416, P = <0.001 versus r = 0.453, P = <0.001, respectively), and blood pool activity showed significant moderate positive correlation with BMI in the first study only (r = 0.414, P = <0.001). The liver and blood pool activities showed significant moderate negative correlation with 18F-FDG uptake time in first study only (r = −0.405, P-value = <0.001; and r = −0.409, P-value = <0.001, respectively).
In the multivariate analysis, the liver showed a consistent effect of the injected 18F-FDG dose and uptake duration on its SUVmax on the two occasions. In comparison, spleen and muscle showed consistent effect only of the injected dose on the two occasions.

Conclusion
The liver, muscle, and splenic activities showed satisfactory test/retest stability and can be used as reference activities. The spleen and muscle appear to be more optimal reference than the liver, as it is only associated with the injected dose of 18F-FDG.
Mineral density and chemical composition of the rats’ mandibles in experimental models of generalized periodontitis
Authors: Matvieienko L.M. 
Published: July 2022

The most severe and difficult to treat symptoms of generalized periodontitis associated with diabetes mellitus are changes in bone tissue. The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative study of the mineral density and chemical composition of the mandibular bone tissue in rats in the modeling of generalized periodontitis, which develops against the background of metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and after additional use of strontium ranelate. The study was carried out on 24 white male Wistar rats weighing 230-250 g, divided into three groups, 8 animals in each (in I group streptozocin and nicotinamide were administered, in II group - additionally penicylamine, in III group – additionally strontium ranelate) and 6 intact rats were used as a control. According to data of computer tomography, it was found that in the control group the average values of the mineral density are 1450.0±125.0 HU, in I group – 1320.0±120.0 HU (p>0.05), in II group –1100.0±110.0 HU (p˂0.05), in III group –1400.0±137.0 HU (p>0.05). Thus, the most pronounced decrease in mineral density is observed in the case of the combined use of nicotinamide, streptozotocin and penicylamine, while strontium ranelate helps to normalize this indicator. According to atomic emission spectrometry, the mineralization index – the ratio of calcium / phosphorus – was 1.14 in the control group, 1.05 – in I, 1.0 – in II and 1.26 – in III. The strontium content in the samples of the III group exceeded the control values by almost two times (p˂0.001) in comparison with its significant decrease in the samples of the I and II groups (p˂0.05). An increase in the strontium content led to a decrease in the content of other elements, which is explained by the competitive substitution in apatite crystals. So, strontium ranelate activates remineralization of the bone component of the periodontium.
Respiratory support in severe traumatic brain injury (literature review)
Authors: Krishtafor D.A. , Klygunenko O.M. , Kravets O.V. , Yekhalov V.V. , Krishtafor A.A. 
Published: July 2022

Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are the largest group of victims at the emergency departments. Up to 20% of patients with severe TBI require endotracheal intubation and prolonged mechanical ventilation. The ventilation parameters choice should be focused on the normal arterial blood gas composition. Hypoxia causes secondary damage to the brain tissue, and hyperoxia carries risks of oxygen toxicity. Hypercapnia leads to cerebral vasodilatation, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and the risk of cerebral edema. Hypocapnia promotes cerebral vasoconstriction, which reduces cerebral blood flow and ICP, but also leads to cerebral tissue ischemia, so prolonged hyperventilation in TBI is not currently recommended. Patients with TBI often require sedation to synchronize with the respirator. The drugs of choice are propofol and midazolam. Routine use of muscle relaxants is not recommended. The initial ventilation mode should provide a certain respiration rate to achieve normocapnia, while allowing the patient to make breathing attempts. Support ventilation modes are used while weaning from mechanical ventilation. Promising in predicting extubation success is the assessment of the VISAGE score, which includes visual pursuit, swallowing, age, and the Glasgow coma score. Modern principles of respiratory support in severe TBI include: tracheal intubation by Glasgow coma score ≤8 ; early mechanical ventilation; PaO2 80-120 mm Hg (SaO2 ≥95%); PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg; tidal volume ≤8 ml/kg; respiratory rate ≈20/min; PEEP ≥5 cm H2O; head elevation by 30°; sedation in poor synchronization with the respirator; weaning through support ventilation modes; extubation when reaching 3 points on the VISAGE scale; early (up to 4 days) tracheotomy in predicted extubation failure.
Production of Bioethanol from Bunches of Palm Oil Using Purification Equipment with Bioethanol Traps
Authors: Samosir Devina Sanchia , Bow Yohandri , Hasan Abu 
Published: July 2022

Due to the rising demand for motor vehicle fuel, Indonesia's requirement for fossil fuels rises by an average of 10% annually. The supply of fossil energy, which serves as the primary raw material for generating fuel oil, is negatively correlated with the demand for fuel (BBM). Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB), and fiber were the types of oil palm bunches employed in this investigation. EFB and fiber are industrial by products that are currently being used inefficiently and frequently pollute the environment. This trash is still only very minimally processed; it is still stored, burned in the incinerator, used as mulch on oil palm fields, and composted. 51.2 percent cellulose and 16.30 percent lignin are both present in EFB. Lignin makes up 20.0 percent of fiber, whereas cellulose makes up 57.0 percent. Through chemical and enzymatic procedures, this cellulose content may be exploited as a source of reducing sugars. FFB is used as a benchmark to evaluate how effectively the prototype tool works. Different kinds of high-quality bioethanol are produced from each raw source. Different kinds of high-quality bioethanol are produced from each raw source. Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), which have a refractive index of 1.35676 and a volume of 2,192 ml, are the best quality of bioethanol made from raw materials. The findings demonstrated that varied volumes and refractive indices were produced depending on how raw materials were treated. The quality generated improves with increased treatment volume. Alkaline delignification was followed by acid delignification to get the optimum grade. Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) material, which had a refractive index of 1.34376, 2,105 ml of bioethanol, and a 68.15 percent ethanol concentration. This study is unique in that it includes a bioethanol trap to quicken the conversion of steam into liquid bioethanol. Condensation is completed in 15–20 minutes less time thanks to the bioethanol trap.
EVALUASI SENSORIS YOGURT NANAS MADU DENGAN PERLAKUAN KOMBINASI STARTER KULTUR BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT
Authors: Rahayu Tri Isti , Ariyana Mutia Devi , Amaro Moegiratol , Rien Handayani Baiq , Nazaruddin Nazaruddin , Widyastuti Sri 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerimaan sensoris yogurt nanas madu dengan kombinasi penggunaan kultur starter. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengakap yang terdiri dari 1 faktor yaitu kombinasi kultur bakteri asam laktat L.bulgaricus: S. thermophilus: L. acidophilus (1:1:0 [K1], 1:1:1 [K2], 2:2:1 [K3], 1:1:2 [K4]). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi kultur K1 mampu menghasilkan penilain organoleptik yang paling sesuai bagi yogurt nanas madu dibandingkan penggunaan kombinasi penambahan kultur bakteri probiotik L. acidophilus. Penggunaan dua kultur konvensional L.bulgaricus dan S.thermophilus lebih unggul dalam menghasilkan aroma, rasa, dan homogenitas yang lebih disukai.
El Flamenco y la intervención socioeducativa
Authors: Velasco Rodríguez Celia 
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo es parte del resultado de una investigación doctoral, cuyo objetivo final es comprobar la aplicabilidad y efectividad del flamenco como herramienta de intervención socioeducativa. En el texto se muestra una parte de la investigación realizada a partir del método Etnográfico propio de la Antropología. A lo largo del texto, se describen las principales ideas del marco teórico elaborado, así como los resultados de las entrevistas y la observación a las diferentes experiencias estudiadas. Experiencias que han sido analizadas en profundidad, con una investigación de más de cinco años, en diferentes lugares de Andalucía: centros educativos, centros culturales, socio comunitarios, privados, asociaciones, ONGS, etc. Aunque cada experiencia es diferente, todas tienen en común la utilización del flamenco como elemento transversal, para articular un trabajo que pretende mejorar la realidad de las personas que reciben la propuesta. Los resultados obtenidos, arrojan luz sobre las múltiples posibilidades del flamenco como herramienta aplicada a la intervención socioeducativa. Y se concluye que, de manera específica, el flamenco aporta a las intervenciones estudiadas, elementos concretos que favorecen el éxito en el trabajo realizado
ANALYSIS OF HIGHER ORDER AND THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) ON LEARNING ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS STUDENTS OF THE TEACHER PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM (PPG) DALJAB I
Authors: Ermawati Ermawati , Setuju  
Published: July 2022

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan instrumen penilaian berbasis Higher Order and Thingking Skills (HOTS) yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa Program Profesi Guru (PPG) Daljab I angkatan 2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini 34 mahasiswa daljab I Kelompok I angkatan 2021 Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Yogyakarta. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 9 mahasiswa yang berasal dari Provinsi DIY. Data dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah instrumen penilaian (soal) yang disusun selama mahasiswa mengikuti PPG dan telah diunggah dalam bentuk Perangkat Pembelajaran III. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil menunjukkan dari 9 sampel, diperoleh soal sebanyak 96 butir soal. Dari 96 butir soal, 65 soal HOTS (68.8%) dan 31 soal tidak HOTS (32,2%). Instrumen soal yang dibuat belum memenuhi HOTS disebabkan oleh alasan berikut. 1) Soal yang belum HOTS masih di bawah C3. 2) Sebagian soal tidak menggunakan stimulus, namun terdapat sebagian soal HOTS yang menggunakan stimulus berupa wacana, cerita, dan gambar; 2) Sebagian soal belum diambil dari konteks dunia nyata/kehidupan sehari-hari; 3) pertanyaan yang diberikan sebagian belum memuat proses berpikir secara krisis, logis, metakognitif, dan kreatif. 4) Sebagian soal belum memberlakukan kaidah-kaidah soal pilihan ganda/uraian/isian.