bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEBPB regulates the bile acid receptor FXR to accelerate colon cancer progression by modulating aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Wang Zhengrong , Pang Jinghuan , Wang Lingyan , Dong Qinhui , Jin Dan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAerobic glycolysis is a main characteristic of tumors, and inhibited glycolysis impedes the tumor development. Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) mainly regulates bile acid metabolism. In this research, we mainly investigated whether FXR was involved in the regulation of glycolysis in colon cancer.MethodsThe differential expression analysis was performed on FXR and Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (CEBPB) data in colon cancer downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Western blot and qRT‐PCR were used to detect the expression levels of CEBPB and FXR. The upstream gene of FXR was predicted through bioinformatic analysis. ChIP and dual luciferease assays were performed to confirm the targeted relationship between CEBPB and FXR. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed on FXR. Finally, the glycolysis capabilities of cells in each treatment group were detected. CCK‐8, colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed to test proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells.ResultsFXR was lowly expressed at the cell level in colon cancer. In vitro assays verified the antitumor effect of FXR on colon cancer. ChIP and dual luciferase assays verified that transcription factor CEBPB bound with the promotor region of FXR, and negatively regulated the expression of FXR. Cell function assays proved that silenced expression of FXR promoted glycolysis, which promoted the development of colon cancer cells.ConclusionThe study on FXR‐regulated glycolysis of colon cancer cells helps us to further understand the molecular mechanism by which FXR regulated the development of colon cancer cells.
Effect of alfalfa on subsurface (tile) nitrogen and phosphorus loss in Ohio, USA
Authors: Arrueta Lourdes D. , Hanrahan Brittany , King Kevin , Kalcic Margaret 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGrowing annual crops such as corn (Zea mays L.) can lead to considerable nutrient losses through subsurface drainage in agricultural fields, posing a serious threat to surface water quality in the midwestern United States. Perennial crops have the potential to reduce these nutrient losses. However, more comprehensive data are needed on the nutrient loss effect of perennial crops. We examined the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3−–N), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) in subsurface drainage using a before–after‐control‐impact (BACI) experimental design with one control field (with annual crops) and one impact field (with alfalfa) each on two farms (Sites A and B) located in northwestern Ohio. The “Before” period (prior to planting alfalfa at the impact field) extended for 4 yr (2013–2017) at Site A and 6 yr (2011–2017) at Site B; the “After” period extended for an additional 2 yr at both sites. Reductions in the mean monthly discharge and loads of NO3−–N, TN, DRP, and TP were significant at Site A, whereas the only significant change at site B was a reduction in the mean monthly TP load. Significant reductions in NO3−–N loads were observed during spring and winter at Site A. In addition, alfalfa reduced the variability of discharge and nutrient loads through subsurface drainage at both sites. Our findings suggest that introducing alfalfa into annual crop rotations has the potential to reduce subsurface nutrient loads and increase the resiliency of agricultural systems.
Staged body disposal sites and homicide: Investigating the multivariate approach of a serial killer
Authors: Pettigrew Mark 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhilst crime scene staging in homicide, as an attempt to avoid detection, has attracted some scholarly attention in recent years, staging a body disposal site has not been similarly scrutinised. Indeed, whilst some statistical studies note moving a homicide victim's body as a distinct crime scene behaviour, there is little discussion or analysis of body disposal sites generally. This case seeks to illustrate how a body disposal site may be staged—in three different forms—and to supplement existing quantitative data on offender behaviours undertaken to avoid detection. In so doing, a new category of staging is proposed: staging a body disposal site.
Innovative polygon trend analysis of monthly precipitation (1952–2015) in the Hindukush‐Karakoram‐Himalaya river basins of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Lu Haishen , Booij Martijn J. , Wang Genxu , Marhaento Hero , Bhat Mohd Sultan , Adnan Shahzada 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Hindukush‐Karakoram‐Himalayas (HKH) mountainous range supplies water to 10 river basins serving eight countries. The present study focuses on the river basins located within the HKH region in Pakistan. The modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) was used to split the research region into 13 sub‐basins. The Mann–Kendall, Sen's slope, innovative polygon trend analysis (IPTA), and innovative trend analysis (ITA) methods were used for the monthly precipitation time series. The Shyok sub‐basin (central Karakoram) experienced rising trends for all seasons, while the southwestern Karakoram (Hunza) showed a rising trend only for the winter. The Hindukush Mountain Range feeds five sub‐basins (Gilgit, Chitral, Swat, Kabul, and Kurram). The Gilgit and Kurram sub‐basins observed an upward trend for all seasons. A falling trend in spring and transition from spring (falling) to summer (rising) was observed for the Swat and Kabul sub‐basins. The Chitral sub‐basin received rising precipitation in spring, summer, and autumn, whereas no trend was observed during winter. In the southern Himalayas (Kanshi and Jhelum), no trend was observed in winter and autumn and a falling trend in spring and summer. The Kunhar sub‐basin (southern Himalaya) showed rising trends in winter, spring, and autumn. In contrast, the Soan sub‐basin (eastern Himalaya) has no trend in spring, and other seasons show rising trends. The sub‐basin Upper Indus experienced a rising trend for autumn, winter, and summer, while a downward trend was observed in spring. The IPTA and ITA approaches are much more sensitive than the Mann–Kendall method in detecting trends. Although the innovative methods are mostly compatible with each other (90%), the IPTA presents additional information about trend transitions between successive parts of the time series. The results presented in this study are an advancement in the investigations made so far in this region and will help to understand the climate and hydrology of this region.
Comparison of the GLIM criteria with specific screening tool for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Wanting , Guo Gaoyue , Mao Lihong , Hui Yangyang , Wang Xiaoyu , Yu Zihan , Sun Mingyu , Li Yifan , Fan Xiaofei , Cui Binxin , Jiang Kui , Sun Chao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been built to diagnose malnutrition; however, its validity among patients with cirrhosis remains enigmatic. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria and compare the differences by using a specific screening tool.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive cross‐sectional study analyzing hospitalized patients. The Royal Free Hospital‐Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH‐NPT) was chosen as the screening tool. Estimated prevalence was shown with and without the initial screening process. Diverse combinations of phenotypic and etiologic criteria and distinct body mass index (BMI) cutoffs were applied to detect frequency of malnourished patients with cirrhosis.ResultsOverall, 363 patients were recruited (median age, 64 years; 51.2% female). The prevalence of malnutrition according to GLIM criteria with and without RFH‐NPT screening was 33.3% and 36.4%, respectively. Low BMI and inflammation represented the most prevalent combination resulting in a malnutrition diagnosis (42.4%), followed by low BMI and reduced food intake (39.4%). By contrast, the least prevalence was found when combining reduced muscle mass with inflammation to diagnose malnutrition. Furthermore, the frequency of malnourished and well‐nourished participants was not statistically different when using divergent BMI reference values across the study population.ConclusionsGLIM criteria may serve a specific proxy to diagnose malnutrition, along with RFH‐NPT screening. Relevant investigation is required to report on the applied combination of phenotypic/etiologic criteria, taking into consideration the marked impact of different models. More attempts are warranted to delineate the prognostic role of GLIM criteria in the context of cirrhosis.
Palatal Coupling Maneuvers Do Not Predict Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Renslo Bryan , Hobelmann Kealan , Sagalow Emily S. , Ananth Ashwin , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: September 2022

Objective(s)Maneuvers during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), have been used as predictors for success with oral appliances. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) promotes opening at the velum through palatoglossus coupling. In this study, we evaluate maneuvers during DISE as predictors for HGNS treatment efficacy.MethodsWe evaluated patients undergoing HGNS between November, 2014 and February, 2021. We assessed maneuvers including jaw thrust and chin lift during preoperative DISE. The impact of tongue base and palatal opening during these maneuvers were rated from 1 to 4 (1: no improvement, 2: mild improvement, 3: moderate improvement, 4: significant improvement). Patients were grouped by a score of 1–2 (weak response) or 3–4 (strong response). Apnea hypopnea index (AHI) change was calculated from the difference between preoperative and postoperative sleep study.ResultsOne hundred and seventy one patients were included. With jaw thrust, there was no significant difference in AHI change between patients with weak or strong response at the palate (n = 68 vs. 94, 9.5 vs. 13.6, p = 0.21) or tongue base (n = 24 vs. 138, 16.6 vs. 11.3, p = 0.24). On chin lift, there was no significant difference at the palate (n = 82 vs. 18, 13.9 vs. 11.4, p = 0.63) or tongue base (n = 92 vs. 72, 10.8 vs. 14.6, p = 0.24). On multiple linear regression analysis, lower body mass index, higher preoperative AHI, and higher preoperative oxygen nadir were associated with a larger AHI change.ConclusionPalatal coupling maneuvers during DISE are not predictive of AHI change with HGNS. Findings using these maneuvers should not preclude HGNS candidacy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:431–436, 2023
Differential effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on three salt‐tolerant grasses under cadmium and salt stress
Authors: Jia Bingbing , Diao Fengwei , Ding Shengli , Shi Zhongqi , Xu Jing , Hao Lijun , Li Frank Yonghong , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSalt‐tolerant plants generally grow in salty conditions, and some of them are also tolerant to heavy metal stress. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants withstand abiotic stresses. However, few studies have focused on the effects of AMF on the growth of salt‐tolerant plants in cadmium (Cd)‐contaminated saline soils. In this study, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of AMF (Funneliformis mosseae) on growth, ion uptake, and Na+ and Cd translocation in three salt‐tolerant grasses (Leymus chinensis, Puccinellia distans, and Astragalus adsurgens) in a Cd‐contaminated saline soil. The regulation of genes by AMF in A. adsurgens was also explored by transcriptome analysis. The results showed that AMF increased the biomass of A. adsurgens but not that of L. chinensis and P. distans. AMF promoted phosphorus (P) uptake from soil and improved shoot K+: Na+ ratio, but it decreased shoot Na+ and Cd concentrations and their translocation rates in A. adsurgens. Transcriptome analysis showed that AMF upregulated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding cytokinins, which may be linked to the increase in shoot biomass in inoculated A. adsurgens, but downregulated the DEGs related to light harvest, suggesting avoidance of photodamage. AMF downregulated the DEGs in the pathways of the cell wall and those associated with antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that AMF symbiosis in A. adsurgens effectively alleviates the Na+ and Cd toxicity of shoots. This study implies the potential to use salt‐tolerant grasses in association with AMF to rehabilitate the heavy metal‐contaminated saline ecosystems.
SARU: A self‐attention ResUNet to generate synthetic CT images for MR‐only BNCT treatment planning
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Geng Changran , Guo Chang , Tian Feng , Tang Xiaobin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeDespite the significant physical differences between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), the high entropy of MRI data indicates the existence of a surjective transformation from MRI to CT image. However, there is no specific optimization of the network itself in previous MRI/CT translation works, resulting in mistakes in details such as the skull margin and cavity edge. These errors might have moderate effect on conventional radiotherapy, but for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), the skin dose will be a critical part of the dose composition. Thus, the purpose of this work is to create a self‐attention network that could directly transfer MRI to synthetical computerized tomography (sCT) images with lower inaccuracy at the skin edge and examine the viability of magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided BNCT.MethodsA retrospective analysis was undertaken on 104 patients with brain malignancies who had both CT and MRI as part of their radiation treatment plan. The CT images were deformably registered to the MRI. In the U‐shaped generation network, we introduced spatial and channel attention modules, as well as a versatile “Attentional ResBlock,” which reduce the parameters while maintaining high performance. We employed five‐fold cross‐validation to test all patients, compared the proposed network to those used in earlier studies, and used Monte Carlo software to simulate the BNCT process for dosimetric evaluation in test set.ResultsCompared with UNet, Pix2Pix, and ResNet, the mean absolute error (MAE) of self‐attention ResUNet (SARU) is reduced by 12.91, 17.48, and 9.50 HU, respectively. The “two one‐sided tests” show no significant difference in dose‐volume histogram (DVH) results. And for all tested cases, the average 2%/2 mm gamma index of UNet, ResNet, Pix2Pix, and SARU were 0.96 ± 0.03, 0.96 ± 0.03, 0.95 ± 0.03, and 0.98 ± 0.01, respectively. The error of skin dose from SARU is much less than the results from other methods.ConclusionsWe have developed a residual U‐shape network with an attention mechanism to generate sCT images from MRI for BNCT treatment planning with lower MAE in six organs. There is no significant difference between the dose distribution calculated by sCT and real CT. This solution may greatly simplify the BNCT treatment planning process, lower the BNCT treatment dose, and minimize image feature mismatch.
Real‐time trajectory guide tracking for intraoperative MRI‐guided neurosurgery
Authors: Olsen Miles E. , Brodsky Ethan K. , Oler Jonathan A. , Riedel Marissa K. , Mueller Sascha A. L. , Vermilyea Scott C. , Metzger Jeanette M. , Tao Yunlong , Brunner Kevin G. , Ahmed Azam S. , Zhang Su‐Chun , Emborg Marina E. , Kalin Ned H. , Block Walter F. 
Published: September 2022

PurposeIn current intraoperative MRI (IMRI) methods, an iterative approach is used to aim trajectory guides at intracerebral targets: image MR‐visible features, determine current aim by fitting model to image, manipulate device, repeat. Infrequent updates are produced by such methods, compared to rapid optically tracked stereotaxy used in the operating room. Our goal was to develop a real‐time interactive IMRI method for aiming.MethodsThe current trajectory was computed from two points along the guide's central axis, rather than by imaging the entire device. These points were determined by correlating one‐dimensional spokes from a radial sequence with the known cross‐sectional projection of the guide. The real‐time platform RTHawk was utilized to control MR sequences and data acquisition. On‐screen updates were viewed by the operator while simultaneously manipulating the guide to align it with the planned trajectory. Accuracy was quantitated in a phantom, and in vivo validation was demonstrated in nonhuman primates undergoing preclinical gene () and cell () delivery surgeries.ResultsUpdates were produced at 5 Hz In 10 phantom experiments at a depth of 48 mm, the cannula tip was placed with radial error of (min, mean, max) = (0.16, 0.29, 0.68) mm. Successful in vivo delivery of payloads to all 14 targets was demonstrated across nine surgeries with depths of (min, mean, max) = (33.3, 37.9, 42.5) mm.ConclusionA real‐time interactive update rate was achieved, reducing operator fatigue without compromising accuracy. Qualitative interpretation of images during aiming was rendered unnecessary by objectively computing device alignment.
An asynchronous variational integrator for the phase field approach to dynamic fracture
Authors: Niu Zongwu , Ziaei‐Rad Vahid , Wu Zongyuan , Shen Yongxing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe phase field approach is widely used to model fracture behaviors due to the absence of the need to track the crack topology and the ability to predict crack nucleation and branching. In this work, the asynchronous variational integrator (AVI) is adapted for the phase field approach of dynamic brittle fracture. The AVI is derived from Hamilton's principle and allows each element in the mesh to have its own local time step that may be different from others'. While the displacement field is explicitly updated, the phase field is implicitly solved, with upper and lower bounds strictly and conveniently enforced. In particular, two important variants of the phase field approach, the AT1 and AT2 models, are equally easily implemented. Several benchmark problems are used to study the performances of both the AT1 and AT2 models, and the results show that the AVI for the phase field approach significantly speeds up the computational efficiency and successfully captures the complicated dynamic fracture behavior.
The road toward imaging a black hole: A personal perspective
Authors: Falcke Heino 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe images of the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87* by the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration mark a special milestone in the history of the subject. For the first time, we are able to see the shadow of black holes, testing basic predictions of the theory of general relativity. We are also now learning more about the fundamental astrophysical processes close to the event horizon that help to shape entire galaxies and even parts of our cosmos. The ultimate result was only possible due to a large collaborative effort of scientists and institutions around the world. The road toward these images was the result of a long sociological and scientific process. It started with early pathfinder experiments and a few simple ideas that were remarkably successful in predicting the basic observational signatures to look for. This was based on the premise that black holes are inherently simple objects. Here, I describe this journey and some lessons learned from a personal perspective.
Biofabrication of a flexible and conductive 3D polymeric scaffold for neural tissue engineering applications; physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological evaluations
Authors: Talebi Alireza , Labbaf Sheyda , Rahmati Saba 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTissue engineering approach aims to overcome the transplant drawbacks and facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. Here, a new conductive, highly porous, and flexible polycaprolactone/gelatin/polypyrrole/graphene 3D scaffolds for nerve tissue repair is presented. A simple and efficient porogen leaching fabrication method is applied to create a 3D network with a pore radius of 3.8 ± 0.7 to 4.2 ± 0.8 μm with an exceptional uniform circular porous structure. The conductivity of the polymeric scaffold without graphene, in wet conditions, was found to be 0.78 ± 0.1 S.m−1 and it increased to 3.3 ± 0.2 S.m−1 for the optimized sample containing 3wt% graphene (G3). Tensile strength was measured at 163 KPa for the base sample (without graphene) and improved to 526 KPa for G3 sample. Following 42 days of incubation in PBS, 32.5% degradation for the base sample (without graphene) was observed. The cell study demonstrated a non‐cytotoxic nature of all scaffolds tested and the cells had mostly stretched and covered the surface. Overall, the sum of results presented in this study demonstrate a simple fabrication platform with extraordinary aspects that can be utilized to mimic the native conductive tissue properties, and also because of its flexibility it can easily be rolled into a nerve conduit to fill gaps in nerve tissue regeneration.
Renal function in abdominal neuroblastoma patients undergoing proton radiotherapy
Authors: Chevli Neil , Grosshans David R. , McAleer Mary Frances , Foster Jennifer H , Harrison Douglas , McGovern Susan L. , Paulino Arnold C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to analyze renal function outcomes in abdominal neuroblastoma patients undergoing proton therapy (PT).ProcedureFrom 2011 to 2019, two single‐institution Institutional Review Board‐approved protocols prospectively enrolled neuroblastoma patients for data collection. To assess renal function, serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine clearance (CrCl) before proton therapy (pre‐PT) were compared with the values at last follow‐up.ResultsA total of 30 children with abdominal neuroblastoma with median age 3.5 years (range, 0.9–9.1) at time of PT were included in this study. All patients underwent chemotherapy and resection of primary tumor prior to PT. Two patients required radical nephrectomy. Median follow‐up after PT was 35 months. Mean dose to ipsilateral and contralateral kidney was 13.9 and 5.4 Gy, respectively. No patients developed hypertension or renal dysfunction during follow‐up. There was no statistically significant change in serum BUN (p = .508), CrCl (p = .280), or eGFR (p = .246) between pre‐PT and last follow‐up.ConclusionAt a median follow‐up of almost 3 years, renal toxicity was uncommon after PT. Longer follow‐up and larger patient cohort data are needed to further assess impact of PT on renal function in this population.
Assessing the utility of routine viral surveillance performed in children undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation at a single centre
Authors: Foley David A. , Wong Jessica Win See , Keane Aoife , Ramachandran Shanti , Blyth Christopher C. , Yeoh Daniel K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe assessed the utility of routine viral surveillance for cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus and human adenovirus in children <16 years, undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) at a single centre over a 10‐year period. A total of 85 ASCT were performed in 65 patients. Routine viral surveillance resulted in a high number of tests performed (median 20 tests per ASCT), without any clinically significant viral detections. These data support the limited clinical utility of routine viral surveillance in children undergoing ASCT. Adopting a clinically driven approach for viral testing is likely to be both cost‐effective and safe.