bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of Darwin’s Tubercle with Plasma Exeresis
Authors: Valeriani Roberto , Firmani Guido , Valeriani Maurizio 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
Darwin’s tubercle (DT) is a congenital outer ear deformity characterized by a posterior thickening of the auricular helix. It is particularly common in certain ethnic groups, with reports ranging between 10% and 58% of the specific populations. Despite being common, this vestigial trait is poorly known. It carries no clinical significance, except in the cases where it might be hypertrophic, potentially causing psychological distress and significant social impairment. DT has been traditionally treated with surgical resections where part of the helical cartilage is removed. More recently, cartilage reshaping has been envisioned without cutting, suturing, or scars, using laser irradiation. Surgical resection, laser ablation and plasma exeresis are different tools in the surgeon’s armamentarium which may all be used successfully. Nevertheless, the first may cause noticeable scarring while the second may cause relevant laser-related complications. We present a noninvasive aesthetic medicine procedure based on plasma exeresis, which combines the benefits of a noninvasive procedure with the advantage of not requiring lasers for the correction of this cartilage defect. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman with right-sided hypertrophic DT, who requested a correction of the outer ear deformity. Two sessions were required, pain intensity during treatment was low, no complications were reported, and the patient was satisfied with the result at 6 months from the last session. Although plasma exeresis has been described in the past for several other non-invasive procedures of the skin, this is the first report of its kind for the correction of minor cartilage reshaping.
Combating Stigma in the Era of Monkeypox—Is History Repeating Itself?
Authors: Bergman Alanna , McGee Kara , Farley Jason , Kwong Jeffrey , McNabb Katherine , Voss Joachim 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) and people with HIV (PWH) perceive, internalize, and experience significant stigma from family members, health care providers, and community members because of their sexual behaviors. The current monkeypox (MPX) outbreak is affecting both communities. The pandemic has spread to 89 countries with more than 31,000 confirmed cases, and global agencies are concerned about how the disease is portrayed in the media. This article will introduce MPX and its associated stigmas, providing a brief theoretical perspective on adaptive behaviors and nursing interventions to mitigate stigma. This is followed by a case-based description of the current experiences of an MSM with MPX. We will discuss stigma prevention strategies from an adaptation and mitigation perspective. We conclude with how nurses can contribute to stigma prevention for individuals with MPX.
Analysis of Clinical Effects of Intubation and Sphincterotomy With Wire-guided Incision Knife Plus Balloon Dilatation in the Treatment of Choledocholithiasis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Long Jianwu , Li Jing , Liu Longfei , Zhou Xiaojun , Lu Xianzhou 
Published: October 2022

Background:
To investigate the clinical effects of intubation and sphincterotomy with wire-guided incision knife plus balloon dilatation (ISBD) in the treatment of choledocholithiasis, a randomized controlled trial was conducted.

Methods:
A total of 270 patients with choledocholithiasis confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging from January 2016 to July 2018 in our hospital were enrolled in the research. All patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: ISBD group, endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) group, and endoscopic sphincterotomy plus balloon dilation group, respectively. The clinical effects, complications, and inflammation indexes of the 3 groups were detected. SPSS software was used for statistics and analysis of results.

Results:
There were no significant differences in basic characteristics of the 3 groups. Although there was no significant difference in the total stone clearance rate among the 3 groups, the first stone clearance rate and the large stone clearance rate in ISBD group were significantly higher than those in EST group. Compared with the other 2 groups, the total operation time and complications in ISBD group were significant lower. The serum levels of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and carcinoembryonic antigen in ISBD group were significant lower than those in EST group, and CRP and PCT in ISBD group were markedly lower than those in endoscopic sphincterotomy plus balloon dilation group.

Conclusions:
ISBD treatment simplifies the operation procedure, shortens the operation time, reduces postoperative inflammation and complications, and makes ERCP stone removal simpler, safer, and more efficient for patients with common bile duct stones.
An ecological-economic model of land-use decisions, agricultural production and biocontrol
Authors: Martinet V. , Roques L. 
Published: October 2022

The regulation of agricultural pests by their natural enemies is a key step in the agroecological transition. The level of biocontrol seems, however, to highly depend on the agronomic and ecological context. It is thus important to identify the conditions under which this ecosystem service is efficient as well as the magnitude of its effects. An actual reduction of pesticide use depends on a change in farmers’ decisions, calling for the consideration of economic dimensions. We develop a dynamic agroecological-economic model representing land-use and agricultural intensity decisions as well as the dynamics of a crop pest and a natural enemy. Biocontrol is assessed considering both private benefits (increase in farmers’ profit) and public benefits (reduction of pesticide use) with respect to a situation without a natural enemy. We provide a theoretical assessment of the magnitude of biocontrol over a wide range of agronomic contexts (spatially explicit maps of agricultural production potential, with heterogeneous distribution and control of spatial fragmentation) and ecological contexts, described through various parameter values of a reaction–diffusion model. The contexts in which biocontrol plays a significant role are identified, and the role of key parameters is discussed. Our open-access model offers a tool to investigate alternative specifications.
Random vortex dynamics via functional stochastic differential equations
Authors: Qian Zhongmin , Süli Endre , Zhang Yihuang 
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a novel, closed, three-dimensional random vortex dynamics system, which is equivalent to the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluid flows. The new random vortex dynamics system consists of a stochastic differential equation which is, in contrast with the two-dimensional random vortex dynamics equations, coupled to a finite-dimensional ordinary functional differential equation. This new random vortex system paves the way for devising new numerical schemes (random vortex methods) for solving three-dimensional incompressible fluid flow equations by Monte Carlo simulations. In order to derive the three-dimensional random vortex dynamics equations, we have developed two powerful tools: the first is the duality of the conditional distributions of a couple of Taylor diffusions, which provides a path space version of integration by parts; the second is a forward type Feynman–Kac formula representing solutions to nonlinear parabolic equations in terms of functional integration. These technical tools and the underlying ideas are likely to be useful in treating other nonlinear problems.
Helical organization of DNA-like liquid crystal filaments in cylindrical viral capsids
Authors: Liu Pei , Arsuaga Javier , Calderer M. Carme , Golovaty Dmitry , Vazquez Mariel , Walker Shawn 
Published: October 2022

We study equilibrium configurations of double-stranded DNA in a cylindrical viral capsid. The state of the encapsidated DNA consists of a disordered inner core enclosed by an ordered outer region, next to the capsid wall. The DNA configuration is described by a unit helical vector field, tangent to an associated centre curve, passing through properly selected locations. We postulate an expression for the energy of the encapsulated DNA based on that of columnar chromonic liquid crystals. A thorough analysis of the Euler–Lagrange equations yields multiple solutions. We demonstrate that there is a trivial, non-helical solution, together with two solutions with non-zero helicity of opposite sign. Using bifurcation analysis, we derive the conditions for local stability and determine when the preferred coiling state is helical. The bifurcation parameters are the ratio of the twist versus the bend moduli of DNA and the ratio between the sizes of the ordered and the disordered regions.
Actinomyces israelii and Fusobacterium nucleatum brain abscess in an immunocompetent patient: case report.
Authors: LAMTIRI LAARIF Mouhsine , SCHILS Raphael , LIFRANGE Fréderic , VALKENBORGH Christophe , PITTI Pauline , BROUWERS Pauline , BIANCHI Elettra , MEEX Cécile , HAYETTE Marie-Pierre 
Published: October 2022

Introduction . Brain abscess is the most common focal infectious neurological injury. Until the 19th century this condition was fatal, however the development of neuroimaging for early diagnosis, neurosurgery and antibiotic therapy in the 20th century has led to new therapeutic strategies decreasing mortality from 50% in the 1970s to less than 10% nowadays.
Case report . A immunocompetent patient without any addiction presented to the emergency department with dysarthria and frontal headache at home. The clinical examination was normal. Further investigations revealed a polymicrobial brain abscess as a consequence of an ear, nose or throat (ENT) infection with locoregional extension with a dental starting point involving Actinomyces israelii and Fusobacterium nucleatum . In spite of a rapid diagnosis and a neurosurgical management associated with an optimal treatment by a dual therapy made of ceftriaxone and metronidazole the patient unfortunately died.
Conclusion. This case report shows that despite a low incidence and a good prognosis following the diagnosis, brain abscesses can lead to patient’s death. Thereby, a routine dental examination of patients with neurological signs may be useful to improve the diagnosis made by the clinician. The use of microbiological documentation, the respect of pre-analytical conditions, the interaction between the laboratory and the clinicians are indispensable for an optimal management of these pathologies.
Intravenous Antibiotics in Preterm Infants have a Long-Term Negative Effect upon Microbiome Development Throughout Preterm Life – an observational study
Authors: Hutchinson RA , Costeloe KL , Wade WG , Millar MR , Ansbro K , Stacey F , Fleming PF 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntestinal dysbiosis is implicated in the origins of necrotising enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm babies. However, the effect of modulators of bacterial growth (e.g. antibiotics) upon the developing microbiome is not well-characterised.Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with contemporaneous clinical data collection, the within-subject relationship between antibiotic administration and microbiome development was assessed, in comparison to preterm infants with minimal antibiotic exposure.During courses of antibiotics, diversity progression fell in comparison to that seen outside periods of antibiotic use (−0.71units/week vs. +0.63units/week, p<0.01); Enterobacteriaceae relative abundance progression conversely rose (+10.6%/week vs. -8.9%/week, p<0.01). After antibiotic cessation, diversity progression remained suppressed (+0.2units/week, p=0.02).Antibiotic use has an acute and longer-lasting impact on the developing preterm intestinal microbiome. This has clinical implications with regard to the contribution of antibiotic use to evolving dysbiosis, and affects the interpretation of existing microbiome studies where this effect modulator is rarely accounted for.
Effect of justification of wife-beating on experiences of intimate-partner violence among men and women in Uganda: A propensity matched scores approach
Authors: Kadengye Damazo. T. , Izudi Jonathan , Kemigisha Elizabeth , Kiwuwa-Muyingo Sylvia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn some communities, rationalization of men’s controlling attitudes are associated with justification of gender norms such as wife-beating as a method of correcting spouse behaviour. In this quasi-experimental study, we investigate the causal effects of acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating on experiences of sexual, emotional and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among Ugandan men and women. We analysed the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data using propensity-score matching. The exposure variable is acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating measured on binary scale and the outcomes are respondent’s life-time experiences of sexual, physical, and emotional IPV. We matched respondents who accepted gender norms justifying wife-beating with those that do not using 1:1 nearest neighbor matching with a caliper to achieve comparability on selected covariates. We then estimated the causal effects of acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating on the study outcomes using a logistic regression model. Results showed that of the 4,821 (46.5%) out 10,394 respondents who reported that a husband is justified in beating his wife for specific reasons, the majority (3,774; 78.3%) were women compared to men (1,047; 21.7%). We found that at population level, men and women who accept gender norms justifying wife-beating are about 1.5 times more likely to experience each of the three forms of IPV. In the sub-group analysis, men who justify wife-beating were more likely to experience emotional and physical IPV but not sexual IPV. However, women who justify wife-beating were more likely to report experiences all of the three forms of IPV. In conclusion, acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating has a positive effect on experiences of different forms of IPV by men and women in Uganda. Government should tackle the drivers of acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating at the societal level.
Using machine learning-based systems to help predict disengagement from the legal proceedings by women victims of intimate partner violence in Spain
Authors: Escobar-Linero Elena , García-Jiménez María , Trigo-Sánchez María Eva , Cala-Carrillo María Jesús , Sevillano José Luis , Domínguez-Morales Manuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is an actual social issue which poses a challenge in terms of prevention, legal action, and reporting the abuse once it has occurred. In this last case, out of the total of female victims that fill a complaint against their abuser and initiate the legal proceedings, a significant number withdraw from it for different reasons. In this field, it is interesting to detect the victims that disengage from the legal process so that professionals can intervene before it occurs. Previous studies have applied statistical models to use input variables and make a prediction of withdrawal. However, it has not been found in the literature any study that uses machine learning models to predict disengagement from the legal proceedings in IPV cases, which can be a better option to detect these events with a higher precision. Therefore, in this work, a novel application of machine learning techniques to predict the decision of victims of IPV to withdraw from prosecution is studied. For this purpose, three different ML algorithms have been optimized and tested with the original dataset to prove the great performance of ML models against non-linear input data. Once the best models have been obtained, explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) techniques have been applied to search for the most informative input features and reduce the original dataset to the most important variables. Finally, these results have been compared to those obtained in the previous work that used statistical techniques, and the set of most informative parameters has been combined with the variables of the previous study, showing that ML-based models have a better predictive accuracy in all cases and that by adding one new variable to the previous work’ subset, the accuracy to detect withdrawal improves by 7.5%.
Non-exercise Machine Learning Models for Maximal Oxygen Uptake Prediction in National Population Surveys
Authors: Liu Yuntian , Herrin Jeph , Huang Chenxi , Khera Rohan , Dhingra Lovedeep Singh , Dong Weilai , Mortazavi Bobak J. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Lu Yuan 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundMaximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), requires exercise testing and, as a result, is rarely ascertained in large-scale population-based studies. Non-exercise algorithms are cost-effective methods to estimate VO2max, but the existing models have limitations in generalizability and predictive power. This study aims to improve the non-exercise algorithms using machine learning (ML) methods and data from U.S. national population surveys.MethodsWe used the 1999-2004 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), in which a submaximal exercise test produced an estimate of the VO2max. We applied multiple supervised ML algorithms to build two models: a parsimonious model that used variables readily available in clinical practice, and an extended model that additionally included more complex variables from more Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and standard laboratory tests. We used Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) to interpret the new model and identify the key predictors. For comparison, existing non-exercise algorithms were applied unmodified to the testing set.ResultsAmong the 5,668 NHANES participants included in the final study population, the mean age was 32.5 years and 49.9% were women. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) had the best performance across multiple types of supervised ML algorithms. Compared with the best existing non-exercise algorithms that could be applied in NHANES, the parsimonious LightGBM model (RMSE: 8.51 ml/kg/min [95% CI: 7.73 -9.33]) and the extended model (RMSE: 8.26 ml/kg/min [95% CI: 7.44 -9.09]) significantly reducing the error by 15% (P <0.01) and 12% (P<0.01 for both), respectively.ConclusionOur non-exercise ML model provides a more accurate prediction of VO2max for NHANES participants than existing non-exercise algorithms.What is KnownAlthough cardiorespiratory fitness is recognized as an important marker of cardiovascular health, it is not routinely measured because of the time and resources required to perform exercise tests.Non-exercise algorithms are cost-effective alternatives to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness, but the existing models are restricted in generalizability and predictive power.What the Study AddsWe improve non-exercise algorithms for cardiorespiratory fitness prediction using advanced ML methods and a more comprehensive and representative data source from U.S. national population surveys.More health factors that are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness are newly identified.Nationally representative estimates for cardiorespiratory fitness in the U.S. over the recent 20 years are generated.
Assessment of diversity-based approaches used by American Universities to increase recruitment and retention of biomedical sciences faculty members: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Petersen Britta , Koshy-Chenthittayil Sherli , Caromile Leslie A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConsidering the recent increased interest in diversifying the biomedical faculty workforce, a thorough assessment of the existing approaches is needed to provide guidance to universities. Hence this scoping review will be guided by the following research question, “What are the diversity-based approaches used by American Universities to increase recruitment and retention of biomedical sciences faculty members?”. The review follows the Population-Concept-Context methodology for Joanna Briggs Institution Scoping Reviews. Relevant peer-reviewed studies conducted during the last 10 years will be identified from electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, and Embase. The search strings using keywords such as “biomedical faculty/researcher,” “hiring/retention,” and “diversity/minority/underrepresented” will be conducted using Boolean logic. Two independent reviewers will conduct all title and abstract screening, followed by a full article screening and data extraction. Due to the possible heterogeneity of the studies, we hope to use either a narrative analysis and/or descriptive figures/tables to depict the results. The review will present various diversity programs that have been implemented and evaluated in American Universities to increase the recruitment and retention of biomedical sciences faculty.
Anemia and associated factors among 6-59 months age children attending health facilities in Northeast Ethiopia: A facility based cross sectional study
Authors: Fentaw Wubshet , Belachew Tefera , Andargie Assefa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the early stages of life, anemia leads to severe negative consequences on the cognitive, growth and development of children. The Ethiopian demographic and health survey showed an increasing trend of anemia nationally.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among under-five children.MethodsA health facility based cross sectional study was conducted among 409 systematically selected children 6-59 months attending services at public and private health institutions in Kombolcha Town, Northeast Ethiopia. Data were collected using structured questioner from mother or caretakers. The data entry and analysis were done by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was fitted to determine associations. The odds ratio with the 95% confidence intervals were reported.ResultsFrom the total participant 213(53.9%) were males with the mean age of 26 months (SD+15.2). The overall prevalence of anemia was 52.2% (95% CI, 46.8%-57%). Being in the age of 6-11 months (AOR= 6.23, 95% CI: 2.44, 15.95), 12-23 months (AOR= 3.74, 95%CI: 1.63, 8.60), maternal age ≥30 years (AOR=0.37 (0.18, 0.77), exclusive breast feeding until six months (AOR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.45), having low dietary diversity score (AOR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.55, 4.38), having history of diarrhea (AOR= 1.87, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.12) and having the lowest family monthly income (AOR=16.97, 95% CI: 4.95, 58.20) were identified as factors associated with anemia.ConclusionThe magnitude of anemia in children was a public health problem in the study area. child age, maternal age, exclusive breastfeeding, dietary diversity score, diarrhea and family income were found to be associated with anemia.