bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s perception of cervical cancer pap smear screening
Authors: Siseho Kristine N. , Omoruyi Beauty Etinosa , Okeleye Benjamin I. , Okudoh Vincent I. , Amukugo Hans J. , Aboua Yapo G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThe study examines limiting factors associated with cervical cancer Pap smear screening among participants of reproductive age attending a healthcare facility in Namibia.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive and exploratory study was conducted.MethodsThe data were collected using a face‐to‐face interview (qualitative) and a structured questionnaire (quantitative). A total of 49 participants (10 qualitative and 39 quantitative) aged 17–45 years participated in the study.ResultsThe study revealed that 80% of participants have limited knowledge of cervical cancer, while 49% have never done the test before and 8% were not informed of the screening and risk of the disease. Furthermore, 49% of participants responded that the screening fees are not affordable. Meanwhile, all participants (100%) complained of the long waiting period. Other main barriers for not screening were missed announcements and unsuitable time allocation. Knowledge on cervical cancer and turn‐up for Pap smear screening test was low among participants of reproductive age.
Does industry self‐regulation restrict advertising? Evidence from the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative
Authors: Avery Rosemary , Cawley John , Eisenberg Matthew D. , Mathios Alan , Schulman Craig S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) in reducing children’s exposure to ads for candy and sweetened beverages.MethodsSurvey data were used to determine the television programs that children watch and the time slots during which they watch television. Advertisement placement data were used to count the number of candy and sweetened beverage (SB) ads appearing on programs and during those time slots. Advertisement placement data and children’s exposure measures were examined for 2003 to 2013.ResultsThere was a dramatic decline in children’s exposure to ads for candy and SBs. The declines occurred before CFBAI implementation and occurred for each demographic group. There was no evidence that advertisers moved ads to programs watched by both children and teens/adults, i.e., programs not likely governed by the CFBAI.ConclusionThere was a striking decline in ad placements and children’s exposure to ads for candy and SBs, much of which occurred when the CFBAI was being negotiated. Voluntary agreements have the potential to be successful, and some gains may occur even as firms and government negotiate the agreement.
Overcoming congressional inertia on obesity requires better literacy in obesity science
Authors: Bajaj Simar S. , Jain Bhav , Kyle Theodore K. , Gallagher Christopher , Stanford Fatima Cody , Srivastava Gitanjali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObesity‐focused health policies, including the landmark Treat and Reduce Obesity Act, have stalled at the federal level over the past decade. Congressional inaction on obesity reflects both misconceptions of obesity as a lifestyle choice and limited awareness for the burden obesity imposes on our health care system. Given these challenges, we argue that health professionals must bolster their efforts to partner with public figures with obesity and to directly educate the public. These strategies may help destigmatize obesity and build awareness of obesity as a disease. Furthermore, we suggest that these strategies may empower patients to flex their unrealized political muscle and demand more from their elected leaders. A bold, multilevel approach that elicits a public demand for change can propel obesity policy into the 21st century.
Structural, electrical, and electromagnetic shielding properties of nanocarbon‐coated glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene
Authors: Gao Xiaodong , Yang Weimin , Tan Jing , Song Lijian , Cheng Lisheng , Tian Xiaolong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlass fiber‐reinforced composites (GFRC), widely applied in the automobile, aerospace, domestic appliance, sport equipment, and other fields, are indispensable in modern society. In this article, conductive nanocarbon‐coated glass fibers (NCGFs) were hybridized with suitable polymers for the fabrication of new composite materials. NCGFs have good dispersion and interfacial interactions within polypropylene matrices. The electrical conductivity of a nanocarbon‐coated glass fibers‐reinforced composite (NCGFRC) was increased 108 times more than that of a pure polymer, which provided the NCGFRC with an electromagnetic shielding efficiency (8.2–12.4 GHz) of 22 dB. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of NCGFRC was also improved. NCGFRC will expand the types of GFRC available and further expand the application of GFRC into other fields.
Carbon fiber/polyetherketoneketone composites. Part I: An ideal and uniform composition via solution‐based processing
Authors: Li Bolan , Zhang Feng , Jiao Mengxiao , Li Yanbo , Wang Xin , Zhang Xiaohua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs limited by the low dissolubility, powder‐ and dispersion‐based composition methods are used to prepare carbon fiber (CF)/polyaryletherketone (PAEK) prepregs. Owing to the high content of ketone groups, polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is found to have a high dissolubility in fluorine‐ and/or chlorine‐containing solvents. It is revealed that PEKK can form colloidal solutions with a particle size down to tens of nm, paving the way for a true solution‐based impregnation toward advanced CF/PEKK composites. After a fabrication route of impregnation, preheating, and compression molding, PEKK was found to uniformly and tightly cover all the CFs within a thickness of 1–3 μm in the final composites. Such limited spacing and the fiber surface strongly suppress the crystallization of PEKK. As a result, the composites exhibited a tensile strength of 1.85 GPa, 94.9% that of the ideal one according to the rule of mixture.
The effect of squash domestication on a belowground tritrophic interaction
Authors: Jaccard Charlyne , Marguier Nicolas T. , Arce Carla C. M. , Bruno Pamela , Glauser Gaëtan , Turlings Ted C. J. , Benrey Betty 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe domestication of plants has commonly resulted in the loss of plant defense metabolites, with important consequences for the plants' interactions with herbivores and their natural enemies. Squash domestication started 10′000 years ago and has led to the loss of cucurbitacins, which are highly toxic triterpenes. The banded cucumber beetle (Diabrotica balteata), a generalist herbivore, is adapted to feed on plants from the Cucurbitaceae and is known to sequester cucurbitacins, supposedly for its own defense. However, the evidence for this is inconclusive. In this study we tested the impact of squash domestication on the chemical protection of D. balteata larvae against a predatory rove beetle (Dalotia coriaria). We found that cucurbitacins do not defend the larvae against this common soil dwelling predator. In fact, D. balteata larvae were less attacked when they fed on cucurbitacin‐free roots of domesticated varieties compared to high‐cucurbitacin roots of wild plants. This study appears to be the first to look at the consequences of plant domestication on belowground tritrophic interactions. Our results challenge the generalized assumption that sequestered cucurbitacins protect this herbivore against natural enemies, and instead reveals an opposite effect that may be due to a tradeoff between coping with cucurbitacins and avoiding predation.
Classification of airborne multispectral imagery to quantify common vole impacts on an agricultural field
Authors: Plaza Javier , Sánchez Nilda , García‐Ariza Carmen , Pérez‐Sánchez Rodrigo , Charfolé Francisco , Caminero‐Saldaña Constantino 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe common vole (Microtus arvalis) is a very destructive agricultural pest. Particularly in Europe, its monitoring is essential not only for adequate management and outbreak forecasting, but also for accurately determining the vole's impact on affected fields. In this study, several alternatives for estimating the damage to alfalfa fields by voles through unmanned vehicle systems (UASs) and multispectral cameras are presented. Currently, both the farmers and agencies involved in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs of voles do not have sufficiently precise methods for accurate assessments of the real impact to crops.RESULTSOverall, the four multispectral classification methods presented showed similar performances. However, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)‐based segmentation exhibited the most accurate and reliable appraisal of the affected areas. Nevertheless, it must be noted that the simplest method, which was based on an automatic classification, provided results similar to those obtained by more complex methods. In addition, a significant direct relationship was found between the number of active burrows and damage to the alfalfa canopy.CONCLUSIONUnmanned vehicle systems, combined with multispectral imagery classification, are an effective and easily transferable methodology for the assessment and monitoring of common vole damage to agricultural plots. This combination of methods facilitates decision‐making processes for IPM control strategies against this pest. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
An Agro‐Waste Based Eco‐Friendly Synthesis, Electrochemical Behavior and Anti‐oxidant Properties Evaluation of Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole and Pyrazolyl‐4H‐chromenes Derivatives
Authors: Badiger Krishnappa B. , Giddaerappa  , Hanumanthappa Ramesha , Sannegowda Lokesh Koodlur , Kamanna Kantharaju 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn efficient and economical one‐pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐c] pyrazoles and pyrazolyl‐4H‐chromenes using Water Extract of Mango Peel Ash (WEMPA) as a natural aqueous medium catalysts under microwave irradiation described. The microwave irradiation enhances the rate of the reaction, and decreases by‐product formation. The catalyst is obtained from the agro‐waste feedstock, by simple thermal treatment of dry peel of mango fruit followed by extraction of the resulted ash in water gave catalytic green solvent medium. In continuation of our research work on developing green chemistry protocol for bioactive molecule synthesis, herein, first time described pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole and pyrazolyl‐4H‐chromene derivative synthesis by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate (1), malononitrile (2), ethyl acetoacetate (3), aryl aldehydes (4), and/or salicylaldehyde (5). Some of the selected pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole (6) and pyrazolyl‐4H‐chromene (7) derivatives are tested for their in vitro antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging) by DPPH assay method. The assay result revealed, compounds 6 a, 6 h, 6 i and 7 d showed significant antioxidant activities comparison with refrence ascorbic acid. Some of the selected derivatives are characterized by FT‐IR, 1H‐, 13C‐NMR and mass spectrometry analysis, and also tested for their electrochemical behavior studies using a cyclic voltammetry.
A Convenient Esterification of N‐Heteroarene Methanols via C–CN Bond Cleavage of Benzoyl Cyanides as Acylating Sources
Authors: Su Fangyao , Zhao Qianrui , Wang Mengzhuo , Zhao Mingzhang , Ren Yihe , Zhu Binghan , Chen Haoran , Lai Miao , Zhao Mingqin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn efficient and straightforward methodology for the esterification of various N‐heteroarene methanols using benzoyl cyanides as acylating sources through a simply mixing conditions has been reported. The acyl groups were in‐situ generated via chemoselective C–CN bond cleavage to give the N‐heteroarenemethyl esters. This process features in readily accessible starting materials and offers an easy operational procedure, and broad substrate scope with excellent selectivity.
Emerging Two‐Dimensional Tellurene and Tellurides for Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Yan Zihan , Yang Hao , Yang Zhuo , Ji Chengao , Zhang Guangyu , Tu Yusong , Du Guangyu , Cai Songhua , Lin Shenghuang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs with all stylish 2D functional materials, tellurene and tellurides possessing excellent physical and chemical properties such as high environmental stability, tunable narrow bandgap, and lower thermal conductivity, have aroused the great interest of the researchers. These properties of such materials also form the basis for relatively newfangled scholarly fields involving advanced topics, especially for broadband photodetectors. Integrating the excellent properties of many 2D materials, tellurene/telluride‐based photodetectors show great flexibility, higher frequency response or faster time response, high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and so on, which make them leading the frontier of photodetector research. To fully understand the excellent properties of tellurene/tellurides and their optoelectronic applications, the recent advances in tellurene/telluride‐based photodetectors are maximally summarized. Benefiting from the solid research in this field, the challenges and opportunities of tellurene/tellurides for future optoelectronic applications are also discussed in this review, which might provide possibilities for the realization of state‐of‐the‐art high‐performance tellurene/telluride‐based devices.
Key Knowledge to Support Phonological Awareness and Phonics Instruction
Authors: Piasta Shayne B. , Hudson Alida K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPhonological awareness and phonics instruction are necessary components of beginning reading instruction and require teachers to have specialized content, pedagogical, and pedagogical content knowledge. This includes knowledge about language structures; reading components, processes, and development; and effective instructional practices. In this article, we describe key knowledge across these areas, as informed by the Science of Reading, to support early childhood and elementary teachers engaging in this instruction.
Preparation and characterization of plasticized polyvinyl chloride composite film based on photochromic intelligent cooling
Authors: Su Keshun , Zhang Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndoor temperature adjustment to maintain a relatively comfortable living environment has resulted in different cooling strategies. Often, these strategies are energy consuming as well as energy wasting because of the complex and changing environment. Materials development to achieve intelligent adjustment of indoor temperature through efficient and energy‐saving methods is essential. Here, we present a strategy to prepare polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/photochromic powders cooling films. By adding different colors of photochromic powders to PVC substrate and utilizing their properties of changing color and light transmittance according to sunlight intensity to achieve the intelligent cooling effect. The indoor sunlight simulation test indicates that the PVC/red photochromic powders composite film possesses the best cooling performance under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and the maximum cooling range is about 10°C compared with the control sample, meanwhile the maximum cooling effect is only 2–3°C without UV irradiation. The PVC/red photochromic powders composite film also shows the best cooling effect (6°C) in the outdoor solar irradiation test with strong sunlight, and all films did not exhibit an obvious cooling effect under weak sunlight. Meanwhile, PVC/photochromic powders composite films also solve the shortcoming of the single color of traditional cooling films, which can better meet the demand of people for color diversity. In addition, the stable mechanical properties of PVC/photochromic powders composite films also give it great application value. Therefore, PVC/photochromic powders composite films can provide a promising energy‐saving solution for future intelligent adjustment of indoor temperature.
Inclusive Urban Regeneration with Citizens and Stakeholders: From Living Labs to the URBiNAT CoP
Authors: Moniz Gonçalo Canto , Andersson Ingrid , Hilding-Hamann Knud Erik , Mateus Américo , Nunes Nathalie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, many city authorities have been implementing strategies for the development of urban regeneration in their central areas. Most of these processes aim to improve the use of public space, and are often to be found in historic areas and waterfronts. The aim of this text is to put forward an alternative urban regeneration plan which focuses on the peripheral areas of cities, areas which were often built as neighbourhoods of social housing, and which now face environmental challenges as well as social and economic ones. To this end, the URBiNAT H2020 project is promoting inclusive urban regeneration that engages citizens and stakeholders in all the stages of the co-creation process. The overall objective is to implement a cluster of human-centred, nature-based solutions (NBS) in order to create Healthy Corridors that bring together both material and immaterial solutions that will impact the environment and the wellbeing of the community. The activation of Living Labs in the seven URBiNAT cities is building a Community of Practice so that knowledge can be shared with project partners, within the cities themselves, and with the public in the wider world. The intermediate results achieved in the pilot case studies validate the overall methodology and are helping us to identify lessons to be learnt and recommendations for the future.
A cautionary case of casual causality
Authors: Chen Calvin Y.-R. , de Rham Claudia , Margalit Aoibheann , Tolley Andrew J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We distinguish between the notions of asymptotic causality and infrared causality for gravitational effective field theories, and show that the latter gives constraints consistent with gravitational positivity bounds. We re-explore the scattering of gravitational waves in a spherically symmetric background in the EFT of gravity in D ≥ 5, for which the leading-order correction to Einstein gravity is determined by the Gauss-Bonnet operator. We reproduce the known result that the truncated effective theory exhibits apparent time advances relative to the background geometry for specific polarisations, which naively signal a violation of causality. We show that by properly identifying the regime of validity of the effective theory, the apparent time advance can be shown to be unresolvable. To illustrate this, we identify specific higher-dimension operators in the EFT expansion which become large for potentially resolvable time advances, rendering the EFT expansion invalid. Our results demonstrate how staying within the confines of the EFT, neither infrared nor asymptotic causality are ever violated for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, no matter how low the scale, and furthermore its causality can be understood without appealing to a precise UV completion such as string theory.
Morphologische und funktionelle Diagnostik der koronaren Herzkrankheit mittels Computertomographie
Authors: Baumann S. , Overhoff D. , Tesche C. , Korosoglou G. , Kelle S. , Nassar M. , Buss S. J. , Andre F. , Renker M. , Schoepf U. J. , Akin I. , Waldeck S. , Schoenberg S. O. , Lossnitzer D. 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie CT(Computertomographie)-Koronarangiographie (cCTA) ist bei Patienten mit niedriger und mittlerer Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit für eine koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) eine sichere Möglichkeit zum nicht-invasiven Ausschluss signifikanter Koronarstenosen und ermöglicht darüber hinaus auch deren funktionelle und morphologische Beurteilung. Der Stellenwert der cCTA wurde durch die 2019 publizierte ESC(European Society of Cardiology)-Leitlinie zu Diagnose und Management des chronischen Koronarsyndroms gestärkt und hat dadurch eine erhebliche Aufwertung erfahren. Die Bestimmung des Agatston-Scores ist eine klinisch etablierte Methodik zur Quantifizierung des Koronarkalks und hat Einfluss auf die Einleitung einer medikamentösen Therapie. Durch Technologien wie die Einführung der EKG-kontrollierten Dosismodulation und der iterativen Bildrekonstruktion kann die cCTA mit hoher Bildqualität und niedriger Strahlendosis durchgeführt werden. Die alleinige anatomische Darstellung von Koronarstenosen wird derzeit um innovative Techniken wie die myokardiale CT-Perfusion oder CT-FFR (fraktionelle Flussreserve) erweitert, jedoch ist der klinische Stellenwert dieser Methoden noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Die cCTA könnte sich zu einem Weichensteller hinsichtlich der Indikationsstellung für eine invasive Koronardiagnostik/-intervention entwickeln.
Predictors of Early Neurological Improvement in Patients with Anterior Large Vessel Occlusion and Successful Reperfusion Following Endovascular Thrombectomy—Does CT Perfusion Imaging Matter?
Authors: Li Yan , van Landeghem Natalie , Demircioglu Aydin , Köhrmann Martin , Kellner Elias , Milles Lennart , Stolte Benjamin , Totzeck Andreas , Dammann Philipp , Wrede Karsten , Theysohn Jens Matthias , Styczen Hanna , Forsting Michael , Wanke Isabel , Frank Benedikt , Deuschl Cornelius 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) on the change of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with anterior large vessel occlusion (LVO). Predictors of early neurological improvement (ENI) were assessed in those with successful reperfusion.

Methods
Data on stroke patients from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Anterior LVO was defined as occlusion of internal carotid artery and/or M1/M2 branch of middle cerebral artery. A reduction of at least 8 NIHSS points at 24 h after EVT or NIHSS score ≤ 1 at discharge was defined as ENI. In patients with successful reperfusion (TICI score of 2b/3) and available CT perfusion (CTP) imaging, 20 variables were tested in a smoothed ridge regression for their association with ENI.

Results
One hundred seventy two out of 211 patients had successful perfusion with 54 patients achieving ENI. Impact of successful EVT on reducing NIHSS score grew continuously on a daily basis up to the date of discharge. 105 out of 172 patients were included in final regression model. Short time from onset to admission and from groin-puncture to reperfusion, young age, low prestroke disability, high baseline CTP ASPECTS and high follow-up non-contrast CT (NCCT) ASPECTS were significantly associated with ENI. Neither baseline NCCT ASPECTS nor the volume of penumbra or ischemic core measured on CTP were associated with ENI.

Conclusion
CTP ASPECTS might better predict ENI than non-contrast CT at baseline in patients with successful reperfusion following EVT.