bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Behavior Of Garnet-Type Li7La3Zr2O12 Solid Electrolyte Material: A Classical Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Ledwaba R S , Ngoepe P E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 is an eminent candidate for next-generation solid state battery technology due to its thermal stability and high ionic conductivity. As such, its operation mechanisms need to be thoroughly understood, particularly focusing on the structural instability challenge reported to occur at lower temperatures. Herein, the statistical sampling capability of molecular dynamics simulations is employed during the investigation of fundamental structural, kinetic and thermodynamic properties emanating its subjection to pressure and temperature. Systematic induction of pressure yielded transition of the tetragonal phase to the cubic phase at 2 GPa pressure. The lattice parameters for the cubic and tetragonal phases, acquired in the current study are within 0.38 % agreement with literature. Furthermore, the XRD graphs confirm varying phases under different pressure conditions. The temperature phase diagram for 0 GPa structure agrees well with the literature trends and interestingly, the 2 GPa structure retained the cubic phase at various temperatures and confirmed in the XRDs and temperature phase diagram. Interrogatio of LaO8 dodecahedral and ZrO6 octahedra demonstrated no significant variations in bond lengths and bond angles giving a good indication for the regulation of Li+-transport channel size in the 2 GPa structure. Efforts in this study are a preliminary stage to fully understanding the thermodynamic impact as a structural modification avenue pending further investigations.
Computational modelling on the stability of solid electrolytes in magnesium-ion batteries
Authors: Tibane K , Masedi M C , Ngoepe P E 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Developing new battery technologies to sustain the ever-growing demand for energy storage constitutes one of the greatest scientific and societal challenges of the century. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are frequently used at the moment as energy storage, and they are used to power millions of portables electronics, electric vehicles, and are even seeing introduction into the electric grid. But LIBs are facing some challenges such as safety, durability, uniformity and cost. A technology that has the potential to alleviate resource issues with Li-ion systems and further increase the energy density is Mg2+ intercalation systems. Replacing Li with safer and earth-abundant Mg has the advantage of doubling the total charge per ion, which result in larger theoretical volumetric capacity compared with LIB. First principle based calculations were used to investigate the stability of discharge products of solid electrolytes in the magnesium-ion battery. We found that MgSc2S4 and MgSc2Se4 structures are stable semi-conductors due to the band gap observed in the density of states. No negative vibrational frequencies are observed along all direction in the phonon dispersion curves which indicate stability. The calculated elastic constants indicate that the structures are mechanically stable. The results of this paper aimed to give an insight into the stability of solid electrolytes and to provide inspiration for future research in magnesium-ion batteries.
A miniatured built-in surface ionization oven for the compact microwave ion source
Authors: Ma Tenghao , Peng Shixiang , Jiang Yaoxiang , Wu Wenbin , Li Kai , Cui Bujian , Zhang Ailin , Guo Zhiyu , Chen Jiaer 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At Peking University (PKU), a compact 2.45 GHz microwave ion source was developed to obtain high-intensity Li+ beam. To improve the generation efficiency of Li+ ions, we developed a built-in lithium oven named surface ionization oven (SIO), which consists of a heating oven for lithium vapor production and a surface ionizer for the ionization of lithium neutrals. Consequently, the surface ionization and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) principles are combined within the compact microwave ion source. In this work, the structure and materials of the SIO are investigated systemically to lower thermal risk and increase ionization efficiency. The oven is heated by resistance heating. To minimize the heat loss, polished stainless steel shields are used to surround the oven. The surface ionizer is installed at the exit of the nozzle of the heating oven. It consists of six rhenium wires with the diameter of 0.25 mm inside the ionizer tube. Limited space near the microwave window, the dimension of SIO
is ⊘ 13.5 mm × 40 mm. This source has been tested with only heating oven and SIO. With only heating oven, which means the absence of surface ionization, and a 200 eμA pulsed Li+ ion beam was stably extracted from this ion source. When the surface ionizer and the heating oven work together, a pulsed Li+ ion beam of 800 eμA is obtained, which increased by about 300%. The experiment proved that surface ionization could dramatically increase the discharge efficiency of lithium plasma in ECRIS.
Characterizing land use with night-time imagery: the war in Eastern Ukraine (2012–2016)
Authors: Eun Jaemin , Skakun Sergii 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ongoing military conflict in Eastern Ukraine has resulted in significant land use changes as well as economic shifts particularly in agricultural and industrial activities. The day/night band detectors on-board the Suomi-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite provides an opportunity to assess socio-economic impacts of human conflicts based on physical radiometric measurements. In this study, we show a near 50% decrease in night-time light activity in Donetsk and Luhansk (Donbass Region) from 2012 to 2016. Furthermore, by separating night-time light losses between areas inside official city boundaries and those outside, we illustrate the sensitivity to residential land-use types. A 43.5% of night-time light loss inside cities was attributed to residential areas and 17.5% registered outside of cities. Additionally, this separation showed considerable differences for night-time light losses attributed to industrial land-use types with higher losses occurring in regions outside of cities (36.5%) than regions inside cities (24%). The separation of night-time light losses inside and outside cities reveal considerable discrepancies in night-time light losses showing that considerable activity occurs outside of traditionally targeted urban activities. The results demonstrate night-time light losses are sensitive to proximity to civilian-residential populations, and highlight discrepancies between urban cores and their attached peripheries.
Vocal Labor in Edwidge Danticat and Wyclef Jean’s Refugee Narratives
Authors: Fecu Yanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines how Edwidge Danticat’s memoir Brother, I’m Dying (2007) and Wyclef Jean’s musical album The Carnival (1997) stage Haitian refugees’ encounters with US law. Both artists experiment with what I term “vocal labor,” a set of aesthetic strategies that denaturalize the human voice in order to decouple its facile elision with individuality and intelligibility. I argue that Danticat and Wyclef destabilize their own positions as articulate spokespeople to expose the legal and extralegal mechanisms that solicit refugees’ voices only to disarticulate and disavow them. In doing so, I demonstrate how Black performance reveals and responds to the sensorial dimensions of state-sanctioned violence.
A multiplicative structural nested mean model for zero-inflated outcomes
Authors: Yu Miao , Lu Wenbin , Yang Shu , Ghosh Pulak 
Published: August 2022

SummaryZero-inflated nonnegative outcomes are common in many applications. In this work, motivated by freemium mobile game data, we propose a class of multiplicative structural nested mean models for zero-inflated nonnegative outcomes which flexibly describes the joint effect of a sequence of treatments in the presence of time-varying confounders. The proposed estimator solves a doubly robust estimating equation, where the nuisance functions, namely the propensity score and conditional outcome means given confounders, are estimated parametrically or nonparametrically. To improve the accuracy, we leverage the characteristic of zero-inflated outcomes by estimating the conditional means in two parts, that is, separately modelling the probability of having positive outcomes given confounders, and the mean outcome conditional on its being positive and given the confounders. We show that the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal as either the sample size or the follow-up time goes to infinity. Moreover, the typical sandwich formula can be used to estimate the variance of treatment effect estimators consistently, without accounting for the variation due to estimating nuisance functions. Simulation studies and an application to a freemium mobile game dataset are presented to demonstrate the empirical performance of the proposed method and support our theoretical findings.
Social Work in Brazil in the Vortex of Three crises: Pandemic, Social and Political
Authors: Garcia Maria Lúcia Teixeira , Spolander Gary , da Silva Barbosa Rafael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Social work in Brazil advocates a radical and critical model of social work theorisation and practice. This article explores the Brazilian theoretical and practice model, identifying the profession as being in the vortex of Covid-19, increasing state economic austerity, attacks on previously hard-won progressive social policy and increasing inequality and precarity. This provides a challenging practice environment. The professional re-conceptualisation model proposes that social work needs to fully theorise social difficulties to ensure that the profession intervenes to address the causes of the problems, rather than manifestations underlying them. This is undertaken through aligning itself with working-class conflicts, promoting rights and refusing to accept the rolling back of support already won. The Brazilian framework, located within its social realities, offers an opportunity for social work globally to consider what lessons can be learnt, to recognise the uniqueness of its perspectives and provide solidarity through its recognition.
Lateralized subgenual ACC metabolic connectivity patterns in refractory melancholic depression: does it matter?
Authors: Wu Guo-Rong , Baeken Chris 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough treatment resistance to antidepressant pharmacotherapy is quite common, the phenomenon of refractory major depressive disorder (rMDD) is not well understood. Nevertheless, the metabolic activity of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) has been put forward as a possible metabolic biomarker of clinical prediction and response, albeit sgACC lateralization differences in functional connectivity have not yet been extensively examined. Also not in the refractory depressed state. To examine sgACC lateralization differences in metabolic connectivity, we recruited 43 right-handed antidepressant-free unipolar melancholic rMDD patients and 32 right-handed healthy controls to participate in this 18FDG PET study and developed a searchlight-based interregional covariance connectivity approach. Compared to non-depressed individuals, sgACC covariance analysis showed stronger metabolic connections with frontolimbic brain regions known to be affected in the depressed state. Furthermore, whereas the left sgACC showed stronger metabolic connections with ventromedial prefrontal cortical regions, implicated in anhedonia, suicidal ideation, and self-referential processes, the right sgACC showed significantly stronger metabolic connections with posterior hippocampal and cerebellar regions, respectively specialized in memory and social processing. Overall, our results substantiate earlier research that the sgACC is a metabolic key player when clinically depressed and that distinct lateralized sgACC metabolic connectivity patterns are present.
Adaptation of International Law in the Chinese Constitution and Legal System: New Developments
Authors: Wang Chao , Shen Taixia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The relationship between a national constitution and international law reflects a nation’s self-positioning in the international legal regime and its reception of international law in the local context. The adaptation of international law in the Chinese Constitution and legal system determines China’s engagement and participation in the international law regime and indicates the country’s treaty performance. This paper provides an overview of the position and status of international law, including both treaties and customary international law, in China’s current 1982 Constitution and domestic legal system. It also analyzes current practice of international law in China’s judicial practice. By reference to recent developments in the PRC Constitution and domestic laws, especially the 2018 Constitutional Amendment, this article attempts to provide a contextual analysis on the standing of international law in the Chinese Constitution and legal system, in the hope that the understanding of the interplay between international law and the Chinese constitutional and legal system will help scholars and policymakers to pursue opportunities for cultural communication and reconciliation to seek normative consensus in the formation of international law.
Cardiac Complications of Human Babesiosis
Authors: Spichler-Moffarah Anne , Ong Emily , O’Bryan Jane , Krause Peter J 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman babesiosis is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa. Most patients experience mild to moderate illness, but life-threatening complications can occur. Although cardiac complications are common, the full spectrum of cardiac disease and the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes in patients experiencing cardiac complications are unclear. Accordingly, we carried out a record review of cardiac complications among patients with babesiosis admitted to Yale–New Haven Hospital over the last decade to better characterize cardiac complications of babesiosis.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of all adult patients with babesiosis admitted to Yale–New Haven Hospital from January 2011 to October 2021, confirmed by identification of Babesia parasites on thin blood smear and/or by polymerase chain reaction. The presence of Lyme disease and other tick-borne disease coinfections were recorded.ResultsOf 163 enrolled patients, 32 (19.6%) had ≥1 cardiac complication during hospitalization. The most common cardiac complications were atrial fibrillation (9.4%), heart failure (8.6%), corrected QT interval prolongation (8.0%), and cardiac ischemia (6.8%). Neither cardiovascular disease risk factors nor preexisting cardiac conditions were significantly associated with the development of cardiac complications. The cardiac complication group had a greater prevalence of high-grade parasitemia (&gt;10%) (P &lt; .001), longer median length of both hospital (P &lt; .001) and intensive care unit stay (P &lt; .001), and a higher mortality rate (P = .02) than the group without cardiac complications.ConclusionsCardiac complications of acute babesiosis are common and occurred in approximately one-fifth of this inpatient sample. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between babesiosis severity and cardiac outcomes.
Can You Hear the Colour?
Authors: Hamilton Jo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper, ‘Can you hear the colour? Designing virtual worlds for synaesthetic and multimodal experiences’ by Victoria Wright and Genovefa Kefalidou published in Interacting with Computers (July 2022), explores the use of immersive technologies to explore the senses used in an ordinary world in multifaceted, extraordinary ways.
Blockchain-Based Internet-of-Things for Secure Transmission of Medical Data in Rural Areas
Authors: Munagala N V L M Krishna , Rani A Daisy , Reddy D V Rama Koti 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPatients’ medical data are extremely sensitive information during storage and transfer, and it needs the highest security level. Furthermore, these records must frequently be linked to patient medical data, and then the linked medical data are securely transmitted to the healthcare center. In this study, a Blockchain-Based Traceable Data Sharing method is proposed to securely transfer the medical data. A Paillier homomorphic encryption method is used to prevent data theft or attacks from occurring in the cloud as a result of the transfer of medical data there. It prevents intravenous third parties, which executes arithmetic operations on the ciphertext. Then the encrypted data are stored in the cloud and to remove clone nodes in the gateway, a software-defined networking technology is introduced. Then a Blockchain-Based Traceable Data Sharing is proposed to ensure data privacy and authenticity while maintaining data privacy at the point of data transmission. Data are then encrypted using a new Enhanced Cipher Text-Policy Encryption Attribute-based Encryption (E-CP-ABE). Private blockchain transfers are carried out on the chain, supporting fine-grain access control with flexible access policies and creating a private key in E-CP-ABE. The presented technique is executed in Matlab software of version R2020a. The performance parameters are encryption, and decryption time, mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), sensitivity, respectively. The encryption process function is nearly 8% superior than the existing methods and the decryption time is 14% greater than other methods. As a result, this study shows that the research approach outperformed in terms of encryption time and decryption time, as well as PSNR, MSE, and sensitivity. This technique outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of imperceptibility and robustness against various attacks. Consequently, this approach is more reliable than previous methods for the transmission of medical data.
Precarity and the Pandemic: The Impact of COVID-19 on Single Men Living Alone
Authors: Lewis Camilla , Phillipson Christopher , Lang Luciana , Yarker Sophie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExisting research reveals that single men living alone are at a heightened risk of isolation and precarity. This study traced the impact of the pandemic on the daily lives of a group of single men over three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.Research Design and MethodsA qualitative longitudinal study with older people aged 50 and older (n = 102), interviewed by telephone in 2020–2021. This analysis focuses on a subsample comprising single men (n = 16) who lived alone and were interviewed three times (n = 48). The men were White British, Black, and Asian, aged 58–88 years, and were identified as facing difficulties in their lives arising from long-term health problems and or/social isolation. Participants were asked about the impact of, and response to, three lockdowns. Data were analyzed using themes identified in the secondary literature using thematic and longitudinal analysis.ResultsFor single men living alone, precarity intensified during the pandemic due to worsening physical and/or mental health combined with restricted access to relationships and activities. Key moments in the life course influenced how these men experienced and viewed the impact of COVID-19.Discussion and ImplicationsThis analysis sheds light on the deepening precarity of older men living alone during the pandemic, highlighting the emergence of new vulnerabilities for some. The findings emphasize the need, given the likelihood of future waves of the pandemic, to target support at those living alone, particularly in relation to the provision of community health services, social infrastructure, and combating digital exclusion.
Distributional finite-difference modelling of seismic waves
Authors: Masson Yder 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYThis study introduces a distributional finite-difference method (DFDM) for modelling the propagation of elastic waves in heterogeneous media in the time domain. DFDM decomposes the modelling domain into multiple elements that can have arbitrary sizes. When large elements are used, the proposed method closely resembles the finite-difference method because the wavefield is updated using operations involving band diagonal matrices only. Thus DFDM is computationally efficient. When smaller elements are used, DFDM looks closer to the finite-element or the spectral element methods and permits to mesh complicated structures. A complete multidomain algorithm for modelling elastic wave propagation in arbitrarily heterogeneous media is presented. The algorithm’s stability is discussed, and the usual Courant condition governs the stability of the proposed scheme. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm accurately accounts for free surfaces, solid–fluid interfaces and accommodates non-conformal meshes in their basic form. Seismograms obtained using the proposed method are compared to those computed using analytical solutions and the spectral element method. To achieve comparable accuracy, DFDM requires fewer points per wavelength than the spectral element method, for example.
Chemical heterogeneity, convection and asymmetry beneath mid-ocean ridges
Authors: Pusok Adina E , Katz Richard F , May Dave A , Li Yuan 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARY
Geophysical observations at some mid-ocean ridges document an across-axis asymmetry in indicators of magma production. Other observations are interpreted as showing non-monotonic variations in the depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary. These patterns are inconsistent with the classical models of mantle corner flow and half-space cooling. To investigate this discrepancy, we use models of coupled magma/mantle dynamics beneath mid-ocean ridges in which phase densities are determined by melt–residue partitioning of iron and magnesium, and bulk density is affected by residual porosity. Our models predict that emergent gradients in density drive ridge-local convection. In particular, we show that convective upwelling is enhanced by porous buoyancy and suppressed by compositional buoyancy. Despite this suppression, models that include both compositional and porous buoyancy are more sensitive to long-wavelength mantle heterogeneity than models with porous buoyancy alone. This sensitivity enables models to readily form across-axis asymmetry of upwelling. In some cases, it leads to lithospheric delamination and time-dependent, small-scale convection. We conclude that melting-induced buoyancy effects may explain the magmatic asymmetry and variations in lithospheric thickness that are inferred from observations.