bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and identification of Ektaphelenchoides diversislocis sp. n. isolated from Pinus woodlands of China and Japan
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Ma Xinxin , Fang Yiwu , Yu Haiying , Munawar Maria 
Published: July 2022

Summary
Understanding the occurrence and distribution of parasitic nematodes is crucial – some are economic pests, and some are important predators of their insect associates. In our recent nematode inventory survey, two populations of an ektaphelechid nematode were detected in the branches of Pinus trees; later the same nematode population was detected in plant quarantine examinations of wood packaging material imported from Japan. The species was processed and identified as Ektaphelenchoides diversislocis sp. n. The new species can be characterised by having three lateral lines, stylet long and tripartite, excretory pore at the level of nerve ring, comparatively longer post-vulval uterine sac, indistinct rectum and anus. Female posterior body region conical, gradually narrowing, like a mucron or filiform. Male spicule with well-developed condylus, triangular rostrum, and cucullus absent. The species is morphologically and molecularly close to E. compsi. The new species was characterised with near full-length 18S, 28S D2-D3 regions, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA genes and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences. The species within the Ektaphelenchoides genus are considered to have predatory roles against insect associates; therefore, the discovery of E. diversislocis sp. n. from local and foreign woodlands warrants increased sampling and research attention.
Mission as Integral Ecology: Doing Theology at Bethany
Authors: Katongole Emmanuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Christianity’s reality in the global south where poverty, climate change, ecological degradation and marginalization are the daily, lived experience of the majority of the world’s population, presents theologians with a unique moment of challenge and opportunity for theological exploration, experimentation, and missiological innovation. This article explores and analyzes one such experiment, the Bethany Land Institute (BLI, https://bethanylandinstitute.org/) in Uganda. Inspired by Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’, BLI promotes the concept and practice of integral ecology as a lens for missiological reflection. The article argues that integral ecology, as pursued at BLI, invites us to rethink the traditional themes of Christian mission such as conversion, love, spirituality, and ecclesiology. It also provides a new model of doing theology, one that is particularly appropriate in an era marked by World Christianity, and by the global ecological crisis.
Shalom and Sangsaeng: Transforming Discipleship in a Pandemic-Stricken World
Authors: Keum Jooseop 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the theme of the 15th Assembly of the IAMS in 2022, “Powers, Inequalities, and Vulnerabilities: Mission in a Wounded World”. It focuses on putting justice, equality, and liberation at the heart of the Christian mission as a way of transforming discipleship in a pandemic-stricken world. The biblical concept of shalom and the Korean concept of sangsaeng will be examined and discussed as relevant mission concepts in order to respond to the current challenges caused by the global pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a radical impact on every aspect of life. As lockdowns, social distancing measures to prevent the spread of infection have led to a new “non-contact” culture. Mission and evangelism, which presuppose face-to-face contact and communication, are going through a crisis. Even amid the crisis, however, the mission remains an essential calling of the church and all Christians. Therefore, this article examines transforming discipleship as a radical proposal to live out the mission concepts of shalom and sangsaeng in the context of the global pandemic.
Secularization or Alternative Faith?
Authors: Kasselstrand Isabella 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In the debate on European secularization, it has been argued that conventional religion has given way to spirituality, and that religion is thus changing as opposed to diminishing. Focusing on northern Europe, this study uses semi-structured interviews and survey data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) to explore meanings and trends of spirituality and religious beliefs. Findings highlight a movement away from both religiosity and spirituality. Moreover, individuals who identify as ‘spiritual but not religious’ hold diverse beliefs about the supernatural and various interpretations of spirituality, some of which are in essence secular. Ultimately, this study suggests that current trends of spirituality are consistent with broader patterns of secularization in northern Europe.
The Special Adviser on the Responsibility to Protect: Performing Norm Leadership
Authors: Prokhorova Anastasia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
How does the Special Adviser decide to call for the ‘responsibility to protect’ populations from atrocities? How have different postholders understood and shaped their role in practice? This article examines the ‘performative leadership’ of the Special Adviser of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). In contrast to the dominant approach informed by conventional models of norm diffusion, this research develops a framework which connects strategic norm-building with symbolic interaction and performativity. Given this, I argue that the postholders do not merely enact institutional scripts but ‘perform’ certain meanings of R2P, both creatively and strategically, while being deeply situated in a rigid environment with existing rules. This study brings to the fore subtle yet deep-seated contestations around R2P, which become visible with the inclusion of the Special Adviser. Methodologically, this article relies on interpretative discourse analysis of the representations of the advisers’ creative choices regarding their performances.
Numération, quantification et accords en classe en kobiana
Authors: Voisin Sylvie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Kobiana is a Niger-Congo language belonging to the Atlantic language family, mostly spoken in Guinea Bissau by about seven hundred people. This language has a quite typical Niger-Congo noun class system with 16 classes for singular, 11 classes for plural and 6 classes non-sensitive to any number contrast. This language also has developed another system of number marking, different from the noun class system whereby the plural number is marked on nouns by means of a -a suffix. This suffixed plural combines with a sizeable part of Kobiana nouns. Such nouns also trigger agreement within the noun phrase, with both singular and plural agreement markers. After presenting the two types of number marking on Kobiana nouns, we observe the morphological behavior of these nouns when they combine with numerals. We also describe how the agreement markers enable us to account for the syntactic analysis of numerals and to show how numerals can be ascribed to different parts of speech. We also discuss several striking morphosyntactic peculiarities of Kobiana numerals.
Australia at the bbnj Negotiations and Its Potential Role in the Concluding Stages
Authors: Lothian Sarah Louise 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article examines the role of Australia in the negotiations towards an International Legally Binding Instrument (ilbi) for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (bbnj). As Australia was among the more influential players at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (unclos iii) and was instrumental in finding practical and effective compromise solutions, this article argues that Australia is ideally placed to take on a similar leadership role in the bbnj negotiations, particularly now that the process has reached its tail-end. This article revisits Australia’s significant contribution in the early phases of bbnj discussions and then traces Australia’s involvement and engagement with ilbi negotiations to date. This article also undertakes a historical analysis of Australia’s participation at unclos iii to outline the critical roles it played and to draw out certain lessons from that experience that may be relevant in the bbnj context.
The Unfortunate Wording of Article 121(3) of unclos and Its Interpretation in the 2016 South China Sea Arbitration Award
Authors: Pichel Christine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Article 121(3) of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos) provides for the legal definition of the term “rocks” in international law. This article focuses on key aspects of the interpretation of this provision by the South China Sea Arbitral Tribunal in its Award of 12 July 2016 taking into consideration the current state and prospects of development of international law regarding Article 121(3) of unclos. This research discusses in particular, the method of interpretation applied by the Arbitral Tribunal to define the terms established in Article 121(3) of unclos as well as the meaning given to those terms by the Arbitral Tribunal. In addition, this article examines the (potential) impact of the South China Sea Arbitral Tribunal Award of 12 July 2016 on future State practice and jurisprudence as regards the interpretation and application of Article 121(3) of unclos.
The Problem with the Concept of ‘Single Continental Shelf’
Authors: Bernard Leonardo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has established one legal limit of the continental shelf at 200 M. However, it set out another limit for situations when the extent of the actual or ‘physical’ continental shelf may be greater than 200 M. Despite these distinctions, the concept of the ‘single continental shelf’ has gained traction, particularly in international jurisprudence. This article challenges the idea that there is only a ‘single continental shelf’. The article will first explore the history of the continental shelf regime, before examining the emergence of the concept of a ‘single continental shelf’, how the concept was used and the context of its usage. Then the article will analyse the differences between the inner and outer continental shelf, including the relevance of the principle of natural prolongation. The article will finally answer the question of whether the phrase ‘single continental shelf’ is an accurate term to describe the continental shelf regime.
Education Effect of the Belt and Road Initiative–an Empirical Study on International Students in China
Authors: Fan Sha , Liu Qingjie , Zhang Kunling , Hu Biliang , Ma Liwen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
International student education in China is an important aspect of the Belt and Road Initiative (bri) construction, as well as a beginning point for enhancing the internationalization level of education. China has become the world’s top ten recipients of international students, and its worldwide influence on education is increasing. This research investigates the factors that influence the scale of international students in China and the impact of the bri on education by employing the “Push-Pull Theory”. In particular, we find that joining the bri will significantly increase a country’s student scale in China, both for degree and non-degree education. This effect is especially noticeable in the African region, as well as in middle- and low-income countries. These empirical findings support policy implications for international student education in China.
Platelet activation and partial desensitization are associated with viral xenophagy in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Garcia Cédric , Au Duong Jonathan , Poëtte Michael , Ribes Agnès , Payre Bruno , Mémier Vincent , Sié Pierre , Minville Vincent , Voisin Sophie , Payrastre Bernard , Vardon-Bounes Fanny 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mild thrombocytopenia, changes in platelet gene expression, enhanced platelet functionality, and presence of platelet-rich thrombi in the lung have been associated with thromboinflammatory complications of patients with COVID-19. However, whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gets internalized by platelets and directly alters their behavior and function in infected patients remains elusive. Here, we investigated platelet parameters and the presence of viral material in platelets from a prospective cohort of 29 patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit. A combination of specific assays, tandem mass spectrometry, and flow cytometry indicated high levels of protein and lipid platelet activation markers in the plasma from patients with severe COVID-19 associated with an increase of proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte-platelets interactions. Platelets were partly desensitized, as shown by a significant reduction of αIIbβ3 activation and granule secretion in response to stimulation and a decrease of surface GPVI, whereas plasma from patients with severe COVID-19 potentiated washed healthy platelet aggregation response. Transmission electron microscopy indicated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in a significant fraction of platelets as confirmed by immunogold labeling and immunofluorescence imaging of Spike and nucleocapsid proteins. Compared with platelets from healthy donors or patients with bacterial sepsis, platelets from patients with severe COVID-19 exhibited enlarged intracellular vesicles and autophagolysosomes. They had large LC3-positive structures and increased levels of LC3II with a co-localization of LC3 and Spike, suggesting that platelets can digest SARS-CoV-2 material by xenophagy in critically ill patients. Altogether, these data show that during severe COVID-19, platelets get activated, become partly desensitized, and develop a selective autophagy response.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of IgD myeloma: experience across UK national trials
Authors: Agbuduwe Charles , Iqbal Gulnaz , Cairns David , Menzies Tom , Dunn Janet , Gregory Walter , Kaiser Martin , Owen Roger , Pawlyn Charlotte , Child J. Anthony , Davies Faith , Morgan Gareth J. , Jackson Graham H. , Drayson Mark T. , Basu Supratik 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) myeloma is a subtype often considered to have adverse features and inferior survival, but there is a paucity of data from large clinical studies. We compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IgD myeloma from UK phase 3 myeloma trials analyzed in 2 groups: old (1980-2002) and recent (2002-2016) clinical trials, based on the time of adoption of novel myeloma therapies. Patients with IgD myeloma comprised 44 of 2789 (1.6%) and 70 of 5773 (1.2%) of the old and recent trials, respectively. Overall, IgD myeloma was associated with male predominance, low-level paraproteinemia (&lt;10g/L), and λ light chain preference. The frequency of ultra-high-risk cytogenetics was similar in IgD myeloma compared with other subtypes (4.3% vs 5.3%, P &gt; .99). Despite the old trial series being a younger group (median age: 59 vs 63 years, P = .015), there was a higher frequency of bone lesions, advanced stage at diagnosis, worse performance status, and severe renal impairment compared with the recent trials. Furthermore, the early mortality rate was significantly higher for the old trial series (20% vs 4%, P = .01). The overall response rate following induction therapy was significantly higher in the recent trials (89% vs 43%, P &lt; .0001), and this was consistent with improved median overall survival (48 months; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35-67 months vs 22 months; 95% CI, 16-29 months). Survival outcomes for IgD myeloma have significantly improved and are now comparable to other myeloma types because of earlier diagnosis, novel therapies, and improved supportive care. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT01554852.
The influence of anaesthetic choice on seizure duration of electroconvulsive therapy; etomidate versus methohexital
Authors: Chomrikh Laila , Ahmadi Mustafa , Kuijper T. Martijn , van der Vlugt Joris J. B. , Koopman Seppe J. H. A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Many of the anaesthetic drugs used for electroconvulsive therapy have anticonvulsant properties and may influence efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy. With this study we aim to provide more information on the effect of etomidate and methohexital on seizure duration. We explore the relationship between induction drug, motor and electroencephalography seizure duration. Moreover, we study the relationship of seizure duration and number of therapies.

Methods
In this retrospective study we collected data from patient records from 2005 until 2016. Inclusion criteria were the use of etomidate and/or methohexital and documentation of dosage, electroconvulsive therapy dosage and seizure duration. Exclusion criteria were missing data on either induction drug, dosage or seizure duration.

Results
Thirty seven patients were analysed. The mean age was 52 years and seventy six percent were female. Most patients were suffering from affective disorders (81%). Motor and electroencephalography seizure duration were analysed in 679 and 551 electroconvulsive therapies, respectively. Compared to methohexital, motor and electroencephalography seizures under etomidate were 7 and 13 s longer, respectively. Furthermore, there was a negative association between seizure duration and number of treatment and a negative association between seizure duration and electroconvulsive therapy dosage.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates significant longer motor and electroencephalography seizure duration using etomidate compared to methohexital. Etomidate might therefore increase the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy. Moreover, we observed a negative association between seizure duration, number of treatment and electroconvulsive therapy dosage. With this study we contribute to the available literature comparing methohexital and etomidate as induction agents for electroconvulsive therapy.
More than one third of clinical practice guidelines on low back pain overlap in AGREE II appraisals. Research wasted?
Authors: Gianola Silvia , Bargeri Silvia , Cinquini Michela , Iannicelli Valerio , Meroni Roberto , Castellini Greta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystematic reviews can apply the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II tool to critically appraise clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for treating low back pain (LBP); however, when appraisals differ in CPG quality rating, stakeholders, clinicians, and policy-makers will find it difficult to discern a unique judgement of CPG quality. We wanted to determine the proportion of overlapping CPGs for LBP in appraisals that applied AGREE II. We also compared inter-rater reliability and variability across appraisals.MethodsFor this meta-epidemiological study we searched six databases for appraisals of CPGs for LBP. The general characteristics of the appraisals were collected; the unit of analysis was the CPG evaluated in each appraisal. The inter-rater reliability and the variability of AGREE II domain scores for overall assessment were measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics.ResultsOverall, 43 CPGs out of 106 (40.6%) overlapped in seventeen appraisals. Half of the appraisals (53%) reported a protocol registration. Reporting of AGREE II assessment was heterogeneous and generally of poor quality: overall assessment 1 (overall CPG quality) was rated in 11 appraisals (64.7%) and overall assessment 2 (recommendation for use) in four (23.5%). Inter-rater reliability was substantial/perfect in 78.3% of overlapping CPGs. The domains with most variability were Domain 6 (mean interquartile range [IQR] 38.6), Domain 5 (mean IQR 28.9), and Domain 2 (mean IQR 27.7).ConclusionsMore than one third of CPGs for LBP have been re-appraised in the last six years with CPGs quality confirmed in most assessments. Our findings suggest that before conducting a new appraisal, researchers should check systematic review registers for existing appraisals. Clinicians need to rely on updated CPGs of high quality and confirmed by perfect agreement in multiple appraisals.Trial RegistrationProtocol Registration OSF:https://osf.io/rz7nh/
Utilization of antenatal care among adolescent and young mothers in Ghana; analysis of the 2017/2018 multiple indicator cluster survey
Authors: Anaba Emmanuel Anongeba , Alor Stanley Kofi , Badzi Caroline Dinam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death among adolescent girls. In Ghana, the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy remains high. Yet, little is known about ANC utilization among adolescent and young mothers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of obtaining 4 or more ANC visits and associated factors among adolescent and young mothers.

Methods
We analysed secondary data from the sixth round of the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. A total of 947 adolescent and young mothers were included in this study. Data were analysed using STATA/SE, version 16, employing descriptive statistics and Binary Logistic Regression.

Results
It was found that majority of the participants were aged 20-24 years (70%), married/in union (61%) and non-insured (64%). The prevalence of obtaining 4 or more ANC visits was 84%. Adolescent and young mothers with junior high school education, in the second wealth quintile, exposed to the internet, and resided in the Upper East region had a higher likelihood of obtaining 4 or more ANC visits (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that optimal ANC utilization among adolescent and young mothers were determined by socio-economic factors. Going forward, maternal healthcare interventions must prioritize adolescent and young mothers from poor socio-economic backgrounds.
Previous trauma exposure and self-mastery as moderators of psychiatric effects of home isolation during the Covid-19 pandemic: a field study
Authors: Slone Michelle , Pe’er Ayelet , Mor Flora 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimiting contagion during the Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated employment of drastic measures ranging from complete lockdown to home isolation and quarantines. This study examined the psychiatric effects of home isolation, the effects of interacting previous traumatic events and the moderating effect of self-mastery as a resilience factor that could mitigate negative effects.MethodsSix hundred forty-five adults aged 18–67 completed an online survey during the first wave lockdown during the Covid-19 outbreak in Israel. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire including measures of strictness of adherence to home isolation, a traumatic life events measure, the Mastery Scale, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Model.ResultsFindings showed positive relations between strictness of home isolation adherence and psychiatric symptoms, and between previous trauma exposure and psychiatric symptoms. A negative relation between self-mastery and psychiatric symptoms emerged. During home isolation, effects of previous trauma exposure on psychiatric symptoms was moderated by self-mastery. Individuals with high self-mastery showed less psychiatric symptoms than those with low self-mastery, at both high and low levels of previous trauma exposure.ConclusionsHome isolation adherence is associated with significant psychological distress and symptomatology and, thus, should be of great concern for public mental health service providers. The present study offers a new slant on appropriate clinical interventions during this period with a focus on strengthening resilience factors that can moderate mental health decline. Therapy and interventions based on promoting self-mastery could exert a significant effect on lowering psychiatric symptoms during stressful periods of home isolation.Trial registrationNot relevant.