bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of spatial sampling on magnetic field modeling and helicity computation
Authors: Thalmann J. K. , Gupta M. , Veronig A. M. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Nonlinear force-free (NLFF) modeling is regularly used to indirectly infer the 3D geometry of the coronal magnetic field, which is not otherwise accessible on a regular basis by means of direct measurements.
Aims. We study the effect of binning in time-series NLFF modeling of individual active regions (ARs) in order to quantify the effect of a different underlying spatial sampling on the quality of modeling as well as on the derived physical parameters.
Methods. We apply an optimization method to sequences of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) vector magnetogram data at three different plate scales for three solar active regions to obtain nine NLFF model time series. From the NLFF models, we deduce active-region magnetic fluxes, electric currents, magnetic energies, and relative helicities, and analyze those with respect to the underlying spatial sampling. We calculate various metrics to quantify the quality of the derived NLFF models and apply a Helmholtz decomposition to characterize solenoidal errors.
Results. At a given spatial sampling, the quality of NLFF modeling is different for different ARs, and the quality varies along the individual model time series. For a given AR, modeling at a certain spatial sampling is not necessarily of superior quality compared to that performed with a different plate scale. Generally, the NLFF model quality tends to be higher for larger pixel sizes with the solenoidal quality being the ultimate cause for systematic variations in model-deduced physical quantities.
Conclusions. Optimization-based modeling using SDO/HMI vector data binned to larger pixel sizes yields variations in magnetic energy and helicity estimates of ≲30% on overall, given that concise checks ensure the physical plausibility and high solenoidal quality of the tested model. Spatial-sampling-induced differences are relatively small compared to those arising from other sources of uncertainty, including the effects of applying different data calibration methods, those of using vector data from different instruments, or those arising from application of different NLFF methods to identical input data.
Impact of spatially correlated fluctuations in sunspots on metrics related to magnetic twist
Authors: Baumgartner C. , Birch A. C. , Schunker H. , Cameron R. H. , Gizon L. 
Published: May 2022

Context.The twist of the magnetic field above a sunspot is an important quantity in solar physics. For example, magnetic twist plays a role in the initiation of flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Various proxies for the twist above the photosphere have been found using models of uniformly twisted flux tubes, and are routinely computed from single photospheric vector magnetograms. One class of proxies is based onαz, the ratio of the vertical current to the vertical magnetic field. Another class of proxies is based on the so-called twist density,q, which depends on the ratio of the azimuthal field to the vertical field. However, the sensitivity of these proxies to temporal fluctuations of the magnetic field has not yet been well characterized.Aims.We aim to determine the sensitivity of twist proxies to temporal fluctuations in the magnetic field as estimated from time-series of SDO/HMI vector magnetic field maps.Methods.To this end, we introduce a model of a sunspot with a peak vertical field of 2370 Gauss at the photosphere and a uniform twist densityq = −0.024 Mm−1. We add realizations of the temporal fluctuations of the magnetic field that are consistent with SDO/HMI observations, including the spatial correlations. Using a Monte-Carlo approach, we determine the robustness of the different proxies to the temporal fluctuations.Results.The temporal fluctuations of the three components of the magnetic field are correlated for spatial separations up to 1.4 Mm (more than expected from the point spread function alone). The Monte-Carlo approach enables us to demonstrate that several proxies for the twist of the magnetic field are not biased in each of the individual magnetograms. The associated random errors on the proxies have standard deviations in the range between 0.002 and 0.006 Mm−1, which is smaller by approximately one order of magnitude than the mean value ofq.
A scaled-up planetary system around a supernova progenitor
Authors: Squicciarini V. , Gratton R. , Janson M. , Mamajek E. E. , Chauvin G. , Delorme P. , Langlois M. , Vigan A. , Ringqvist S. C. , Meeus G. , Reffert S. , Kenworthy M. , Meyer M. R. , Bonnefoy M. , Bonavita M. , Mesa D. , Samland M. , Desidera S. , D’Orazi V. , Engler N. , Alecian E. , Miglio A. , Henning T. , Quanz S. P. , Mayer L. , Flasseur O. , Marleau G.-D. 
Published: May 2022

Context. Virtually all known exoplanets reside around stars with M < 2.3 M⊙ either due to the rapid evaporation of the protostellar disks or to selection effects impeding detections around more massive stellar hosts.
Aims. To clarify if this dearth of planets is real or a selection effect, we launched the planet-hunting B-star Exoplanet Abundance STudy (BEAST) survey targeting B stars (M > 2.4 M⊙) in the young (5−20 Myr) Scorpius-Centaurus association by means of the high-contrast spectro-imager SPHERE at the Very Large Telescope.
Methods. In this paper we present the analysis of high-contrast images of the massive (M ~ 9 M⊙) star μ2 Sco obtained within BEAST. We carefully examined the properties of this star, combining data from Gaia and from the literature, and used state-of-the-art algorithms for the reduction and analysis of our observations.
Results. Based on kinematic information, we found that μ2 Sco is a member of a small group which we label Eastern Lower Scorpius within the Scorpius-Centaurus association. We were thus able to constrain its distance, refining in turn the precision on stellar parameters. Around this star we identify a robustly detected substellar companion (14.4 ± 0.8 MJ)at a projected separation of 290 ± 10 au, and a probable second similar object (18.5 ± 1.5 MJ) at 21 ± 1 au. The planet-to-star mass ratios of these objects are similar to that of Jupiter to the Sun, and the flux they receive from the star is similar to those of Jupiter and Mercury, respectively.
Conclusions. The robust and the probable companions of μ2 Sco are naturally added to the giant 10.9 MJ planet recently discovered by BEAST around the binary b Cen system. While these objects are slightly more massive than the deuterium burning limit, their properties are similar to those of giant planets around less massive stars and they are better reproduced by assuming that they formed under a planet-like, rather than a star-like scenario. Irrespective of the (needed) confirmation of the inner companion, μ2 Sco is the first star that would end its life as a supernova that hosts such a system. The tentative high frequency of BEAST discoveries is unexpected, and it shows that systems with giant planets or small-mass brown dwarfs can form around B stars. When putting this finding in the context of core accretion and gravitational instability formation scenarios, we conclude that the current modeling of both mechanisms is not able to produce this kind of companion. The completion of BEAST will pave the way for the first time to an extension of these models to intermediate and massive stars.
MITF deficiency accelerates GNAQ-driven uveal melanoma
Authors: Phelps Grace B. , Hagen Hannah R. , Amsterdam Adam , Lees Jacqueline A. 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceUveal melanoma (UM) is a cancer of eye melanocytes. Although relatively rare, UM is extremely deadly, as approximately half of all patients develop liver metastases for which there are no approved therapies. Even therapies that succeed in cutaneous melanoma (CM) treatment have proven ineffectual for UM, highlighting both the distinct nature of these two melanomas and the need to understand the differences between them. Here, we show that autochthonous UM tumors are rapidly induced by activated YAP and can lack hyperactive ERK, highlighting YAP as a promising therapeutic target. We further show thatMITFfunctions as a tumor suppressor in UM in contrast to its essential role in CM, establishing that MITF inhibition should not be entertained for UM treatment.
Two kinds of memory signals in neurons of the human hippocampus
Authors: Urgolites Zhisen J. , Wixted John T. , Goldinger Stephen D. , Papesh Megan H. , Treiman David M. , Squire Larry R. , Steinmetz Peter N. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Episodic memories represent the “what,” “when,” and “where” of specific episodes. In epilepsy patients, we detected single-unit activity reflecting episodic memory only in the hippocampus. This neural signal is sparsely coded and pattern-separated, consistent with predictions from neurocomputational models. We also detected single-unit activity reflecting a generic memory signal, coding whether an item is old or new without item-specific episodic information. Similar to concept cells, this generic repetition/novelty neural signal was found in multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus. In contrast, the item-specific signal was found only in the hippocampus. Our results indicate the coexistence of two memory signals in the human brain and suggest that the sparsely coded, hippocampus-specific signal is fundamental, whereas the often-studied generic signal is derivative.
The representation of mothers and the gendered social structure of nineteenth-century children’s
literature
Authors: Čermáková Anna , Mahlberg Michaela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Language has the capacity to create fictional worlds and to describe real-life social structures. In this paper,
we explore gendered social structures in a corpus of nineteenth-century children’s fiction. We describe these structures in terms
of the frequent nouns that are used to label people in the texts of the corpus. Through a bottom-up categorisation of these nouns into four
groups, we find, in line with previous studies, textual evidence of a society that is unequal and that is divided into a private
and a public sphere. Our study focuses in particular on mothers, the most frequent character type in children’s fiction. The
representation of mothers includes abstract qualities, such as a mother’s love, as well as concrete behaviours, such as mothers
taking their children into their arms. Both types of qualities contribute to the depiction of mothers as an anchor point for the
private sphere.
粵東閩語揭陽方言「著[tioʔ5]」的多功能性及其語法化
Authors: Huang Yanxuan , Wen Dongfang 
Published: May 2022

抽象的粵東閩語揭陽方言的「著[tioʔ5]」具有多種功能，可以做動詞、情態動詞、動相補語（唯補詞）、準結果補語標記、主觀大量標記和主觀小量標記。本文詳細描寫「著」的各種功能，並構擬其語法化路徑。另外，「著」的多功能模式有向周邊客家方言輻射的趨勢，表現為「同源的複製」和「不同源的複製」。本文通過對多個方言點的調查和比較，推測「半山客」方言中「著」的情態動詞用法和「到/倒」的主觀小量標記用法可能是由於與潮汕方言的接觸而產生的。
古漢語言說動詞「道」的語法化和詞彙化
Authors: Kuo Wei-Ju 
Published: May 2022

抽象的本文從歷時觀點完整梳理言說動詞「道」在漢語史中的語法化和詞彙化，就具體詞例一一探討「X道」的生成途徑。由於詞義的抽象化，表認知義的「道」在「V道」格式中快速地語法化，並且開始有了複合詞「X道」的產生，這兩種演化路線共同交織出「道」的近代發展史。相較於漢語其他言說動詞的虛化演變，「道」的詞彙化可謂特別發達。當「道」一路語法化為附著詞屬性的標補詞，期間陸續有「V道」詞彙化的例子增生；而連詞、副詞與「道」複合成「X道」的詞例越多，就越容易重新分析出「道」這個構詞成分。漢語受孤立語類型特徵的限制，雖沒有典型的屈折形態語素，但不完全形態化的語素應是有的，依附於詞或短語的「道」即是一個顯明的例證。
High performance solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on ITO/β-Ga2O3 heterostructure
Authors: Zhang Yingqiu , Wang Yuefei , Fu Rongpeng , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Li Bingsheng , Liu Yichun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The authors report an indium tin oxide (ITO) decorated solar-blind deep ultraviolet photodetectors (PDs) based on high quality β-Ga2O3 single crystal microwires (MWs). An ultrahigh photo-to-dark current (I
photo/I
dark) ratio ∼107 of the PDs has been realized. Compared with In/β-Ga2O3/In metal-semiconductor-mental (MSM) PD, the device with ITO as the interlayers between In and β-Ga2O3 show excellent performances, such as the high responsivity of 1720.2 A W−1 and 438.8 A W−1 under 260 nm illumination with reverse and forward bias, respectively. In addition, the device exhibited a very low dark current as low as 2.0 × 10−13 A and a photocurrent up to 1.0 × 10−6 A at the bias of −6 V (under 1.95 mW cm−1@260 nm). The rise and fall time of the device were 0.5 s and 0.2 s, which was significantly faster than MSM structure. Moreover, the device exhibited an ultrahigh solar-blind/visible rejection ratio (R
260 nm/R
400 nm) of 1.09 × 105, a detectivity D* of 1.23 × 1014 Jones and the external quantum efficiency of 4180.3%. The excellent performances of the PDs are attributed to the improved carrier separating process at the ITO/β-Ga2O3 interfaces and the reduced carrier trapping behavior induced by the β-Ga2O3 surface states. The introduction of ITO between MWs and the electrodes is of great significance for the application of β-Ga2O3 based detectors.
Reply to Comment on ‘A novel transfer learning bearing fault diagnosis method based on multiple-source domain adaptation’
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yang Shaopu , Li Qiang , Liu Yongqiang , Wang Jiujian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fault diagnosis methods based on a data-driven approach have achieved considerable attention in recent years. It is assumed that there are enough supervised data to set a responsible model during training, which is contrary to engineering. The machine normally runs most of the time and rarely runs in a faulty state. It is challenging to collect data from different working conditions. To address this, a transfer learning fault diagnosis method based on multiple-source domain adaptation is proposed in this article. A multiple-domain-adaptation learning strategy is adopted to decrease the distribution discrepancy between source and target domains. The maximum mean discrepancy and joint maximum mean discrepancy are applied in the fully connected layer to align the distribution and reduce the feature and label space discrepancy, and the discrepancy loss function is used to decrease the difference between diverse classifiers. Also, the learning process of the convolutional neural networks model and the effects of different loss functions are presented. Finally, two different bearing experiment datasets are introduced to show the performance of the proposed approach.
Pristine carbon nanotubes are efficient absorbers at radio frequencies
Authors: Rommelfanger Nicholas J , Brinson Kenneth , Bailey John E , Bancroft Analiese M , Ou Zihao , Hong Guosong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Radio frequency ablation and microwave hyperthermia are powerful tools for destroying dysfunctional biological tissues. However, wireless application of these techniques is hindered by their inability to focus the electromagnetic energy to small targets. The use of locally injected radio frequency- or microwave-absorbing nanomaterials can help to overcome this challenge by confining heat production to the injected region. Previous theoretical work suggests that high-aspect-ratio conducting nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, offer powerful radio frequency and microwave absorption. While carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated as radiothermal agents, common solubilization methods may reduce their absorption efficiency, yielding undesirable nonspecific heating in the biological tissue background. In this manuscript, we hypothesize that pristine carbon nanotubes can act as efficient absorbers at radio frequencies, thus providing differential heating over the tissue background. Specifically, we use a sonication-free preparation technique to preserve both the high aspect ratio and local concentration of pristine carbon nanotubes. We validate the differential heating of these samples by 4.5-fold at 2 GHz compared to the heating of saline at a physiological concentration using infrared thermography. In addition, we successfully achieved local heating of pristine carbon nanotubes within a three-dimensional biological tissue phantom. Numerical simulations further aid in producing a temperature map within the phantom and confirming localized heating. Due to their significant differential and local heating, we believe that pristine carbon nanotubes may facilitate region-specific radio frequency ablation and microwave hyperthermia while keeping nonspecific heating to a low level in the normal tissue background.
Role of defects in the mechanical properties of graphene-copper heterostructures
Authors: Felix T T , Chávez-Castillo M R , Meza-Montes L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Through molecular dynamics simulations of tensile tests, the role that vacancies and Stone–Wales defects play in the mechanical properties of sandwich-like heterostructures, composed by graphene and two symmetric copper layers at nanoscale, is studied. The dependence on the armchair and zigzag chiralities of the graphene layer is also investigated. During elastic deformation, defects negatively affect the mechanical response. However, defective systems can show an improvement of the plastic properties. Vacancies have a stronger impact compared to Stone–Wales defects. Elasticity, toughness, and ductility are enhanced along the zigzag chirality, while stiffness is improved along the armchair direction. The Poisson’s ratio was calculated for all graphene-copper heterostructures. At a critical strain it becomes negative along the thickness direction, preserving the auxetic property at higher strains. In general, the behavior is governed by the graphene response. Our findings can be useful to understand the strengthening mechanism induced by this two-dimensional material in metals like copper and for the design of similar systems.
Analytical model of the readout power and SQUID hysteresis parameter dependence of the resonator characteristics of microwave SQUID multiplexers
Authors: Wegner M , Enss C , Kempf S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report on the development of an analytical model describing the readout power and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) hysteresis parameter dependence of the resonator characteristics used for frequency encoding in microwave SQUID multiplexers. Within the context of this model, we derived the different dependencies by analyzing the Fourier components of the non-linear response of the non-hysteretic rf-SQUID. We show that our model contains the existing model as a limiting case, leading to identical analytical expressions for small readout powers. Considering the approximations we made, our model is valid for rf-SQUID hysteresis parameters

β

L

<
0.6

which fully covers the parameter range of existing multiplexer devices. We conclude our work with an experimental verification of the model. In particular, we demonstrate a very good agreement between measured multiplexer characteristics and predictions based on our model.
Exploring terra incognita in the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter—experiments at FAIR and NICA
Authors: Senger P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The fundamental properties of dense nuclear matter, as it exists in the core of massive stellar objects, are still largely unknown. The investigation of the high-density equation of state (EOS), which determines mass and radii of neutron stars and the dynamics of neutron star mergers, is in the focus of astronomical observations and of laboratory experiments with heavy-ion collisions. Moreover, the microscopic degrees-of-freedom of strongly interacting matter at high baryon densities are also unknown. While Quantum-Chromo-Dynamics (QCD) calculations on the lattice find a smooth chiral crossover between hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma for high temperatures at zero baryon chemical potential, effective models predict a 1st order chiral transition with a critical endpoint for matter at large baryon chemical potentials. Up to date, experimental data both on the high-density EOS and on a possible phase transition in dense baryonic matter are very scarce. In order to explore this terra incognita, dedicated experimental programs are planned at future heavy-ion research centres: the CBM experiment at FAIR, and the MPD and BM@N experiments at NICA. The research programs and the layout of these experiments will be presented. The future results of these laboratory experiments will complement astronomical observations concerning the EOS, and, in addition, will shed light on the microscopic degrees of freedom of QCD matter at neutron star core densities.
A comprehensive study of large negative dispersion and highly nonlinear perforated core PCF: theoretical insight
Authors: Singh Shivam , Upadhyay Anurag , Sharma Divya , Taya Sofyan A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) containing circularly organized square-shaped air holes in the cladding region is investigated. The fiber core is perforated with four circular air-filled holes to instate high nonlinearity and large negative dispersion. The numerical analysis is done with a finite element method based COMSOL Multiphysics tool to investigate different optical properties of the propounded PCF. The simulation outcome verifies a high nonlinear coefficient value of 85 W−1 Km−1 at telecommunication window 1.55 μm which is, the highest ever achieved value on comparing with the other existing literature without using any nonlinear materials or liquids to the best of the authors’ knowledge. In parallel, the large negative value of dispersion −597 ps nm−1 km−1 is achieved for S/Λ equals 0.70 at the same communication window. However, the highest achieved nonlinearity and negative dispersion are 300 W−1 Km−1 and −1689 ps/nm/km. Moreover, birefringence, numerical aperture, and propagation loss are also measured as 2.40 × 10−3, 0.59, and 4.12 × 10−11 dB m−1 respectively along with an extremely high core power fraction of 99.98%. Hence, the propounded PCF is suitable for residual dispersion compensation, supercontinuum generation, and high bitrate transmission.
Tailoring of the electrochemical stability and dielectric behaviour of inorganic matrix-based ionogels
Authors: Gupta Sarvesh Kumar , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Badatya Simadri , Gupta Manoj Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2), lithium salt (lithium perchlorate, LiClO4), ionic liquid (IL; 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [EMIMTFSI]), and succinonitrile (SCN)- based ionogels (IGs) are synthesized using cost-effective non-hydrolytic sol-gel (NHSG) method. The electrochemical stability and electrical properties are associated with their molecular structures. The electrochemical stability of the IGs (I1, I2, and I3) was studied using the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) & lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) methods. AC impedance spectroscopy was used to illustrate the electronic properties of the prepared IGs. The dielectric characteristics of the synthesized IGs were studied at various temperatures and frequencies. The dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss or dissipation factor (ε″), tangent loss (tanδ), electric modulus (M′ and M″), and AC conductivity (σ
ac) of SiO2/IL based IGs (I1, I2, and I3) were investigated.