bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes an active citizen? A test of multiple links between workplace experiences and civic participation
Authors: Lup Daniela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrawing on theoretical insights from the cross‐domain scholarship, this article proposes and tests multiple linkages between employees’ workplace experiences and their participation in different types of civic activities. Using data from the European Working Conditions Survey (2015), it explores both positive spillover effects due to work autonomy, decision participation, complex problem solving and satisfaction with work experiences, as well as negative cross‐domain links due to both desirable work experiences, such as accomplishment, and undesirable experiences, such as discrimination. Furthermore, the data allow for exploring the extent to which these links might vary with the type of civic activity: voluntary/charitable or political/union activities. Overall, by unpacking multiple relationships between the workplace and the civic domain, this article advances scholarship on how work conditions and experiences shape employees’ participation in the civic life, and provides some practical implications for employers, civic organizations and policy makers.
Pregnane‐based steroids are novel positive NMDA receptor modulators that may compensate for the effect of loss‐of‐function disease‐associated GRIN mutations
Authors: Kysilov Bohdan , Hrcka Krausova Barbora , Vyklicky Vojtech , Smejkalova Tereza , Korinek Miloslav , Horak Martin , Chodounska Hana , Kudova Eva , Cerny Jiri , Vyklicky Ladislav 
Published: March 2022

Background and PurposeN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play a critical role in synaptic plasticity, and mutations in human genes encoding NMDAR subunits have been described in individuals with various neuropsychiatric disorders. Compounds with a positive allosteric effect are thought to compensate for reduced receptor function.Experimental ApproachWe have used whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology on recombinant rat NMDARs and human variants found in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders, in combination with in silico modelling, to explore the site of action of novel epipregnanolone‐based NMDAR modulators.Key ResultsAnalysis of the action of 4‐(20‐oxo‐5β‐pregnan‐3β‐yl) butanoic acid (EPA‐But) at the NMDAR indicates that the effect of this steroid with a “bent” structure is different from that of cholesterol and oxysterols and shares a disuse‐dependent mechanism of NMDAR potentiation with the “planar” steroid 20‐oxo‐pregn‐5‐en‐3β‐yl sulfate (PE‐S). The potentiating effects of EPA‐But and PE‐S are additive. Alanine scan mutagenesis identified residues that reduce the potentiating effect of EPA‐But. No correlation was found between the effects of EPA‐But and PE‐S at mutated receptors that were less sensitive to either steroid. The relative degree of potentiation induced by the two steroids also differed in human NMDARs carrying rare variants of hGluN1 or hGluN2B subunits found in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders, including intellectual disability, epilepsy, developmental delay, and autism spectrum disorder.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results show novel sites of action for pregnanolones at the NMDAR and provide an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic neurosteroid‐based ligands to treat diseases associated with glutamatergic system hypofunction.
A co‐expression network based molecular characterization of genes responsive for Braak stages in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Düz Elif , Çakır Tunahan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by six Braak stages. We used transcriptome data from PD patients with Braak stage information to understand underlying molecular mechanisms for the progress of the disease. We created networks of genes with continuously decreased/increased co‐expression from control group to Braak 5–6 stages. These networks are significantly associated with PD‐related mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic signalling among others. Applying weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm to the co‐expression networks led to more specific modules enriched with neurodegeneration‐related disease pathways, seizure, abnormality of coordination, and hypotonia. Furthermore, we showed that one of the co‐expression networks is clustered into three major communities with dedicated molecular functions: (i) tubulin folding pathway, gap junction‐related mechanisms, neuronal system; (ii) synaptic vesicle, intracellular vesicle, proteasome complex, PD genes; (iii) energy metabolism, mitochondrial mechanisms, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, PD genes. The co‐expression relations we identified in this study as crucial players in the disease progression cover several known PD‐associated genes and genes whose products are known to physically interact with alpha‐synuclein protein.
Sexual dimorphism in phenotypic plasticity and persistence under environmental change: An extension of theory and meta‐analysis of current data
Authors: Hangartner Sandra , Sgrò Carla M. , Connallon Tim , Booksmythe Isobel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPopulations must adapt to environmental changes to remain viable. Both evolution and phenotypic plasticity contribute to adaptation, with plasticity possibly being more important for coping with rapid change. Adaptation is complex in species with separate sexes, as the sexes can differ in the strength or direction of natural selection, the genetic basis of trait variation, and phenotypic plasticity. Many species show sex differences in plasticity, yet how these differences influence extinction susceptibility remains unclear. We first extend theoretical models of population persistence in changing environments and show that persistence is affected by sexual dimorphism for phenotypic plasticity, trait genetic architecture, and sex‐specific selection. Our models predict that female‐biased adaptive plasticity—particularly in traits with modest‐to‐low cross‐sex genetic correlations—typically promotes persistence, though we also identify conditions where sexually monomorphic or male‐biased plasticity promotes persistence. We then perform a meta‐analysis of sex‐specific plasticity under manipulated thermal conditions. Although examples of sexually dimorphic plasticity are widely observed, systematic sex differences are rare. An exception—cold resistance—is systematically female‐biased and represents a trait wherein sexually dimorphic plasticity might elevate population viability in changing environments. We discuss our results in light of debates about the roles of evolution and plasticity in extinction susceptibility.
Solving the parental CATCH‐22: Special masters during times of crisis
Authors: Gerdy Kyle Kristin , Forsgren Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic created a unique catch‐22 for families with ongoing parenting cases. By materially changing the circumstances of everyday life while simultaneously closing the courts, the virus placed parents in impossible situations. Sometimes, parents had to decide whether to adhere to parenting schedules and perhaps expose their children to illness or death, or to disobey court orders and potentially expose themselves to possible serious legal penalties. In other parenting cases, the virus allowed opportunistic parents to wrongfully withhold their children while the courts were closed. In either situation, parents often did not qualify for emergency hearings and, even if they did, an unmanageable backlog in court proceedings realistically prevented their cases from being heard. The same pattern was observed in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, and it will logically take place any time a disaster causes legal problems and closes the courts. This article presents national data to reveal the extent to which courts closed during the pandemic and proposes a solution to these catch‐22 problems: a system in which states activate special masters to act as mobile or virtual neutral third‐party decision‐makers. By employing such a system, states would not be exercising any authority that they do not already commonly use, and they would uphold their obligations to families even in difficult times.
Preparing for tomorrow: Defining a future agenda
Authors: O'Mahony Brian , Wong Olivier , Eichler Hermann , Neumann Peter , Carlsson Katarina Steen , Noone Declan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGene therapy will be the first long‐term therapy with potential to produce a functional cure for haemophilia. As a single dose (‘once‐and‐done’) therapy with significant uncertainties regarding impact and duration of factor expression, flexibility and adaptability of (1) value framework, (2) health technology assessment (HTA) methodology, and (3) development of alternative payment models will be needed for adoption of this new technology and to facilitate transparent decision‐making to support its implementation. The responsibility for each of these currently lies with distinct entities, underscoring a need for enhanced collaboration between all stakeholders, as expanded engagement by key stakeholders will be critical to optimizing the assessment of value, enabling an optimised approach to HTA, and opening receptivity to new and innovative payment models. This supplement issue describes important considerations for a gene therapy ‘toolkit’, highlighting key considerations for each of the aforementioned tools, which will be useful for guiding decision‐making regarding gene therapy as a novel treatment modality. In this article, we outline how the tools presented in this supplement can be applied as part of a framework to address the requirements of the relevant stakeholders, including payers, manufacturers, treaters, and patients. The paper also provides an illustrative example of how to understand the features of alternative payment models depending on the organization of and payment for healthcare.
Tumour‐associated antigenic peptides are present in the HLA class I ligandome of cancer cell line derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Boyne Caitlin , Brown Sydney , Qureshi Ayesha , Thorpe Peter , Synowsky Silvia A. , Shirran Sally , Powis Simon J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recent success of monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitor therapies that enhance the ability of CD8+ T cells to detect cancer‐related antigenic peptides has refocused the need to fully understand the repertoire of peptides being presented to the immune system. Whilst the peptide ligandome presented by cell surface human leucocyte antigen class I (HLA‐I) molecules on cancer cells has been studied extensively, the ligandome of extracellular vesicles (EVs) remains poorly defined. Here, we report the HLA‐I ligandome of both the cell surface and EVs from eight breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MDA‐MB‐231, MDA‐MB‐361, MDA‐MB‐415, MDA‐MB‐453, HCC 1806, HCC 1395, and HCC 1954), and additionally the melanoma cell line ESTDAB‐056 and the multiple myeloma line RPMI 8226. Utilizing HLA‐I immunoisolation and mass spectrometry, we detected a total of 6574 peptides from the cell surface and 2461 peptides from the EVs of the cell lines studied. Within the EV HLA‐I ligandome, we identified 150 peptides derived from tumour associated antigenic proteins, of which 19 peptides have been shown to elicit T‐cell responses in previous studies. Our data thus show the prevalence of clinically relevant tumour‐associated antigenic peptides in the HLA‐I ligandome presented on EV.
Identification of natural compounds tubercidin and lycorine HCl against small‐cell lung cancer and BCAT1 as a therapeutic target
Authors: Chen Jungang , Barrett Lindsey , Lin Zhen , Kendrick Samantha , Mu Shengyu , Dai Lu , Qin Zhiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for a small fraction of lung cancer cases (~15%), the prognosis of patients with SCLC is poor with an average overall survival period of a few months without treatment. Current treatments include standard chemotherapy, which has minimal efficacy and a newly developed immunotherapy that thus far, benefits a limited number of patients. In the current study, we screened a natural product library and identified 5 natural compounds, in particular tubercidin and lycorine HCl, that display prominent anti‐SCLC activities in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent RNA‐sequencing and functional validation assays revealed the anti‐SCLC mechanisms of these new compounds, and further identified new cellular factors such as BCAT1 as a potential therapeutic target with clinical implication in SCLC patients. Taken together, our study provides promising new directions for fighting this aggressive lung cancer.
Novel chloroquine derivative suppresses melanoma cell growth by DNA damage through increasing ROS levels
Authors: Li Jiaoduan , Long Jing , Zhang Jianglin , Liu Nian , Yan Bei , Tang Ling , Chen Xiang , Peng Cong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMelanoma is a fatal cancer with a significant feature of resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy. A mutation in the kinase BRAF is observed in more than 66% of metastatic melanoma cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new BRAF‐mutant melanoma inhibitors. High‐dose chloroquine has been reported to have antitumour effects, but it often induces dose‐limiting toxicity. In this study, a series of chloroquine derivatives were synthesized, and lj‐2‐66 had the best activity and was selected for further investigation. Furthermore, the anti‐BRAF‐mutant melanoma effect and mechanism of this compound were explored. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays indicated that lj‐2‐66 significantly inhibited the proliferation of BRAF‐mutant melanoma cells. Flow cytometry revealed that lj‐2‐66 induced G2/M arrest in melanoma cells and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, lj‐2‐66 increased the level of ROS in melanoma cells and induced DNA damage. Interestingly, lj‐2‐66 also played a similar role in BRAF inhibitor‐resistant melanoma cells. In summary, we found a novel chloroquine derivative, lj‐2‐66, that increased the level of ROS in melanoma cells and induced DNA damage, thus leading to G2/M arrest and apoptosis. These findings indicated that lj‐2‐66 may become a potential therapeutic drug for melanoma harbouring BRAF mutations.
Micromanipulation in Paramecium: From non‐mendelian inheritance to the outlook for versatile micromachines
Authors: Haga Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review addresses nine areas of knowledge revealed by micromanipulations performed with Paramecium. Microinjection has shown that sexual maturation and senescence of Paramecium caudatum is a programmed process conducted by a specific gene and its product protein. In Paramecium tetraurelia, autogamy was revealed to depend on the number of DNA syntheses rather than the number of cell divisions in clonal aging. The cytoplasmic complementarity test established that microinjection of wild‐type cytoplasm can correct genetic defects of mutants. The concept of complementarity together with protein chemistry revealed compounds that control membrane excitability. In non‐Mendelian inheritance, noncoding small RNAs made from the parental micronucleus regulate the rearrangement of the progeny's macronuclear DNA. The macronucleus has the potential to be used as a factory for genetic engineering. The development and differentiation of progeny's nuclei in mating pairs are controlled by the parental macronucleus. The chemical reaction processes associated with exocytosis have been revealed by microinjection of various enzymes and antibodies. Using the fusion gene of histone H2B and yellow‐fluorescence protein, it was revealed that the fusion gene‐mRNA is transferred between cells during mating. Experiments with endosymbiotic bacteria and the host shed light on the conditions needed to establish sustainable symbiotic relationships.
The relationship between climate change mitigation strategies and the financial performance of Brazilian companies
Authors: Castilho Alexandre Rafael Barbosa , Barakat Simone Ruchdi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudies on the relationship between corporate sustainability strategies and financial performance are often dealt with in a broad manner, which can hinder the ability to consolidate knowledge on the subject. In order to add greater depth and understanding to the debate, this study focuses on the issue of climate change mitigation strategies (CCMS). This focus allows for a reduction in the complexity of the analyses of the relationship between environmental and financial performance, and a more thorough discussion of corporate sustainability strategy choices. To analyze the relationship between CCMS and financial performance, this research collected data from 61 companies that took part in the selection process for the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) of the Brazilian Stock Exchange (B3), which was published between 2013 and 2019, and contained 249 observations. The research used multivariate analysis with the panel data regression method. The results showed there to be a positive and statistically significant relationship between CCMS and the financial performance of companies, indicating that the corporate implementation of practices and policies for facing up to climate change can lead to both environmental and economic benefits for companies.
Projective mapping as a versatile sensory profiling tool: A review of recent studies on different food products
Authors: Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDescriptive analyses or trained panels are one of the most extensively used methods in the sensory evaluation field; however, they can be expensive and time‐consuming. Therefore, researchers have begun to use rapid sensory analysis methods. One of these rapid methods is projective mapping (PM). PM asks the participants to place samples on a two‐dimensional space in a way that reflects their perception of the samples' differences and similarities. This review outlines the main characteristics of 195 studies published using the PM technique. The results reveal that the majority of PM studies asked consumers (61.5%) to evaluate different food products. Most of the studies utilized the Napping variation (60.3%) of the PM method, however, about a quarter of the studies that applied the Napping method did not adhere to the guidelines of the method (e.g., did not use a rectangular space for evaluation). Furthermore, most studies (71.6%) asked the participants to evaluate their holistic perception of the samples and used multiple factor analysis to analyze the results (85.1%). Overall, the review identified the importance of the PM method and how it has been applied to a wide variety of different food products. Future studies should use a larger number of samples and examine how the PM method can be used with older adults and children.Practical ApplicationsResults of this review provide insight for different stakeholders in the sensory evaluation and food science fields. It will assist researchers in designing experiments using the projective mapping (PM) method, as well as provide information about the type of panelists, the different variations of PM and the statistical techniques being used by researchers. In addition, it identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the PM method.
Measuring Foreign Language Students’ Self‐Determination: A Rasch Validation Study
Authors: Leeming Paul , Harris Justin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSelf‐determination theory has been applied in various educational contexts. Language learning researchers have used factor analysis and structural equation modeling to investigate measures designed for this theory, but Rasch analysis has not been conducted. The Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) and the Language Learning Orientation Scale (LLOS) were adapted for a Japanese tertiary educational context and administered to 600 students. Rasch analysis was applied to investigate the dimensionality of the measures and functioning of individual items. Regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between motivation and performance on an English reading and listening test. Results showed that the constructs were largely unidimensional, supporting use of these measures in future research, although problems with individual items suggest that revisions should be made. Regression analyses revealed that external forms of motivation had limited impact on performance, suggesting that teachers should attempt to enhance students’ internalized forms of motivation.
Can we trust the natives? Exploring the relationship between national identity and trust among immigrants and their descendants in Denmark
Authors: Breidahl Karen N. , Gustavsson Gina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoliticians often seek to strengthen national identity by encouraging immigrants to adopt the ‘national values’, thus supposedly boosting trust. However, empirical studies of the social effects of national identity have focused almost exclusively on the native majority. In this article, we instead ask how national identity among immigrant minorities affects their trust, including towards natives. We draw on unique survey data from a representative sample of the five largest non‐Western immigrant groups and their descendants in Denmark. This reveals that national belonging, national pride and citizenship preferences are positively linked to social as well as institutional trust. These relationships hold even when controlling for the perception of sharing one's values with others and the extent to which one holds ‘typically Danish’ values widely shared among the majority population. This suggests that the emotional component of national identity, but not its content in the form of values, indeed forms an important basis for social cohesion.
Validation of the five‐item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐5) in a Turkish elderly population
Authors: Gokcekuyu Bilge Muge , Akin Sibel , Kontas Eymen Mustafa , Zararsiz Gozde Erturk , Ozer Firuzan Firat , Soysal Tuba , Durmus Nurdan Senturk 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundLate‐life depression is a geriatric syndrome which should be taken seriously. Many clinical scales have been developed for the screening of geriatric depression. Most of these have been validated at different times and in diverse populations. A five‐question version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐5) was developed in 1997. This test has been validated and used in different populations. In the present study, we plan to validate the GDS‐5 for the Turkish elderly population.MethodsPatients aged 60 years and older who applied to the Geriatrics Clinic of our hospital between November 2018 and November 2019 were included in the study. We compared the effectiveness of Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale‐30 (YGDS‐30) and GDS‐5 in screening depression, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) depression criteria.ResultsFour hundred participants were included in the study. A significant positive correlation was found between the DSM‐5 scale and the GDS‐5 scale (rho = 0.726, P <0.001). According to DSM‐5, YGDS‐30 and GDS‐5, 112 participants (28%), 154 patients (%38.5) and 199 patients (%49.8) were diagnosed with depression respectively. When the cut‐off value was taken as ≥2, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values for the GDS‐5 scale were determined as 96%, 68%, 54%, and 98%, respectively. We obtained these diagnostic measures with 95% confidence intervals.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the validity and reliability of the GDS‐5 for Turkish elderly populations. This five‐question scale will be significant in daily use to screen for depression in elderly individuals with multiple problems.