bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variation and inequities in antenatal care coverage in Kenya, Uganda and mainland Tanzania using model-based geostatistics: a socioeconomic and geographical accessibility lens
Authors: Macharia Peter M. , Joseph Noel K. , Nalwadda Gorrette Kayondo , Mwilike Beatrice , Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Benova Lenka , Johnson Olatunji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience the highest levels of maternal mortality and stillbirths due to predominantly avoidable causes. Antenatal care (ANC) can prevent, detect, alleviate, or manage these causes. While eight ANC contacts are now recommended, coverage of the previous minimum of four visits (ANC4+) remains low and inequitable in SSA. Methods: We modelled ANC4+ coverage and likelihood of attaining district-level target coverage of 70% across three equity stratifiers (household wealth, maternal education, and travel time to the nearest health facility) based on data from malaria indicator surveys in Kenya (2020), Uganda (2018/19) and Tanzania (2017). Geostatistical models were fitted to predict ANC4+ coverage and compute exceedance probability for target coverage. The number of pregnant women without ANC4+ were then computed. Prediction was at 3 km spatial resolution and aggregated at national- and district-level for sub-national planning. Results: About six in ten women reported ANC4+ visits, meaning that approximately 3 million women in the three countries had less than ANC4+ visits. The majority of the 366 districts in the three countries had ANC4+ coverage of 50-70%. In Kenya, 13% of districts had <70% coverage, compared to 10% and 27% of the districts in Uganda and mainland Tanzania, respectively. Only one district in Kenya and ten districts in mainland Tanzania likely met the target coverage. Six percent, 38%, and 50% of the districts had at most 5,000 women with <ANC4+ visits in Kenya, Uganda, and mainland Tanzania, respectively, while districts with >20,000 women having <ANC4+ visits were 38%, 1% and 1%, respectively. In many districts, ANC4+ coverage and likelihood of attaining the target coverage was lower among the poor, uneducated and those geographically marginalized from healthcare. Conclusions: These findings will be invaluable to policymakers for annual appropriations of resources as part of efforts to reduce maternal deaths and stillbirths.
Microplastics in Some Freshwater Wild and Farmed Fish Species of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Nahid , Tista Rafsana Rahman , Islam Muhammad Saiful , Begum Mahmuda , Islam Shanzida , Naser M. Niamul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In today's world, microplastic contamination of aquatic systems is a subject of major concern. In this study, the incidence of microplastics in freshwater fish from both farmed and wild sources was evaluated. Wild catla (Gibelion catla), stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), rui (Labeo rohita), tengara catfish (Mystus tengara) and pabdah catfish (Ompok pabda) were collected from Padma river, Turag river and Bhairab river. Farmed fishes of same species were collected from Mymensingh and Chandpur fish markets. 68 (43.6%) microparticles out of 156 were identified as microplastics using ATR-FTIR. 66.67% (20 out of 30) of farmed fish sample had microplastics in their digestive system, while 88.4% (23 of 26) of wild fish sample presented microplastics. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in average microplastic count between wild and farmed fish. Average microplastic count also showed significant difference among five fish species (p<0.01). A broader variety of polymer types was observed polyethylene being the most abundant followed by polyester, polypropylene, polyamide-6 and polyurethane. This study suggests that microplastic contamination is ubiquitous and contamination is common in all of the fish species investigated, independent of their origin (wild or farmed). However, wild fish population is at a greater risk of high contamination of microplastics. This study, for the first time ever, reports plastic pollution in freshwater fishes of Bangladesh from wild and farmed sources.
Enhanced aramid/Al2O3 interfacial properties by PDDA-modification for the preparation of composite insulating Paper
Authors: Lv Fangcheng , lu Xiuquan , Song Jingxuan , Zhu Meiying , Wang Shenghui , Xu Yuqin , Chang Xiaobin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
For further improve the electrical insulation properties of meta-aramid paper(PMIA), polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) was used for the modification of nano-Al2O3 in this work. The modified products were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and liquid Zeta potential. The original and PDDA modified nano-Al2O3 was doped into the aramid fiber composite, and the effects of PDDA and filler mass fraction on several properties such as electrical conductivity, breakdown strength and surface charge dissipation rate of insulating paper were studied. Finally, the interfacial properties of the composites were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD). The results showed that PDDA was successfully coated on the surface of nano-Al2O3, and its surface potential was changed from negative to positive, which could improve the interface characteristics between filler and matrix and enhance the dielectric strength of aramid paper. Besides, saturation effect of PDDA modification was observed, and when the amount of PDDA was 10% and the content of modified nano-Al2O3 was 3%, the breakdown strength of aramid paper was increased by 20%, and the volume conductivity was decreased by 68%. The simulation result revealed that PDDA could improve the insulation performance of aramid paper by reducing the interfacial binding energy between aramid and filler.
Age- and sex-based changes in spike protein antibody status after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and effect of past-infection in healthcare workers in Osaka
Authors: Hoshida Shiro , Koeda Nobuyuki , Hattori Hideki , Tanaka Masahiro , Tanaka Ichiro , Fukui Hiroyuki , Fujita Junya , Sasaki Yo , Tamura Shigeyuki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
We aimed to compare the changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres based on age group and sex using paired blood sampling after vaccination in association with the presence of nucleocapsid protein antibody.
Methods
All participants were healthcare workers at Yao Municipal Hospital in Osaka who voluntarily provided peripheral blood samples (n = 636, men/women 151/485, mean age 45 years). We investigated the serial changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres at one and seven months after the second vaccination regarding their relationship with sex and age group. At seven months, we also examined anti-nucleocapsid assays.
Results
Among participants younger than 30 years, the antibody titres of spike protein were significantly higher in women one (p = 0.005) and seven (p = 0.038) months after vaccination. However, among those aged 30 to 49 years, the antibody titres were not different between the sexes at either follow-up time point. In contrast, among those aged 50 to 59 years, between-sex differences in antibody titres were observed only at seven months, which was associated with a significant reduction in men. A significant positive correlation was observed between the antibody titres for spike protein at both time points (r = 0.645, p < 0.001), although a significant negative correlation was observed in participants with positive nucleocapsid protein antibody at seven months (r=-0.467, p = 0.043).
Conclusions
Between-sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titres by paired blood sampling at different time points after vaccination depended on age group. The presence of nucleocapsid protein antibody was associated with changes in spike protein antibody titres after vaccination.
Novel method to detect target specimens within endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples: an experimental study
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuya , Ueki Masaru , Ichino Kunio , Tsuka Takeshi , Uehara Kazutake , Takeda Yohei , Onoyama Takumi , Kawata Soichiro , Kurumi Hiroki , Koda Hiroki , Yamashita Taro , Okamoto Yoshiharu , Sasaki Shigeo , Isomoto Hajime 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNB) enhances the diagnostic capabilities of EUS by providing additional pathological samples. However, detecting the target specimens within the collected samples can be challenging. This study determined the most appropriate wavelength for detecting target specimens within EUS-FNB samples in an animal experiment.
Methods
EUS-FNB pancreatic tissue samples were collected from a male beagle (weight, 10 kg). The samples were illuminated with monochromatic light of varying wavelengths at 5-nm intervals from 430 to 700 nm. Optimal wavelengths for distinguishing target specimens within samples were determined.
Results
Transmitted monochromatic light at a wavelength of 605 nm effectively enhanced the contrast between target specimens and blood in EUS-FNB samples. The strengths of the target specimen and blood samples were quantified and analyzed using densitometry in images obtained by irradiating at each wavelength. The contrast between target specimens and blood samples peaked at 600–605 nm.
Conclusions
Microscopical observations using transmitted light at a wavelength of 605 nm effectively identified target tissues within EUS-FNB samples.
Do people perceive benefits in the use of social prescribing to address loneliness and/or social isolation? A qualitative meta- synthesis of the literature
Authors: Liebmann Margaux , Pitman Alexandra , Hsueh Yung-Chia , Bertotti Marcello , Pearce Eiluned 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Social prescribing is a means of linking individuals who have psychological, social and/or practical needs with non-clinical services within their local community. There is a lack of empirical evidence investigating whether social prescribing helps such individuals and which interventions are the most effective and accepted by them to address their loneliness. This meta-synthesis aimed to synthesise findings from qualitative studies exploring experiences of people (of any age) who participated in any social prescribing intervention aimed at loneliness and/or social isolation to ascertain whether they felt it helped address loneliness/isolation and the potential mechanisms by which this might occur. We conducted a systematic search of 5 electronic databases and 4 grey literature databases in April 2021 to identify qualitative articles on this topic written in English or French. We assessed the quality of the included studies using recognised tools, and synthesised findings using the approach of thematic analysis. We identified 19 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Our analysis identified three themes: (1) increased sense of wellbeing (with six subthemes), (2) factors that engendered an ongoing desire to connect with others, and (3) perceived drawbacks of social prescribing. These themes illustrate the benefits and difficulties people perceive in social prescribing programmes addressing loneliness and social isolation, with an overall balance of more benefits than drawbacks in social prescribing participation. However, given the unhelpful aspects of social prescribing identified by some participants, greater thought should be given to potential harms. Moreover, further qualitative and quantitative research is needed to better understand mechanisms and effectiveness, and how different components of social prescribing might be best matched to individual participants.
Effectiveness of Palbociclib in Combination with Fulvestrant in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic, Hormone Receptor Positive, Her2-Negative Breast Cancer: a Real-World Study from Colombia
Authors: Alarcon Alejandra , Castano Natalia , Reyes Juan Manuel , Matiz Giovanna , Moran Diego , Brugés Ricardo , Lombana Milton , Manneh Ray , Gutierrez Eduardo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate progression free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced or metastatic, hormone receptor positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer treated with palbociclib in combination with fulvestrant as second or later lines of treatment. Method: An observational, retrospective study with cohorts in 11 sites in Colombia, extracted from the medical records of women who began treatment between February 2018 and August 2019. Index date was first prescription, and patients were followed until they experienced disease progression, death, treatment discontinuation, were lost to follow-up, or until 12 months of follow-up, whichever occurred first. Kaplan Meier were used to estimate PFS.
Results
Sixty-nine patients who received at least one dose of the drugs were included in the analysis. Median follow-up was 10.81 ± 3.18 months, mean age was 61.2 ± 11.14 years and 96.3% were postmenopausal. At the time of starting treatment, 52 were in stage IV, with 59 with > 2 sites of metastasis. All patients started on palbociclib 125 mg. 23 reported discontinuation, 10 of them permanently but none due to neutropenia. Clinical benefit rate was 69.35%, and median PFS was not achieved at 12 months. One death was reported due to disease progression.
Conclusion
Effectiveness of Palbociclib for patients with HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer treated with palbociclib in combination with fulvestrant as second or later lines of treatment in Colombia is consistent with the efficacy observed in clinical trials while maintaining a good safety profile. Implications for practice: Real-world data from Colombia for the first time indicates the combination of palbociclib + fulvestrant is associated with high levels of effectiveness in women with HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer, even in third or later lines of treatment. Although neutropenia was frequent and, in some cases, clinically significant, no patients required permanent treatment discontinuation due to this event. All of the adverse effects resolved without sequelae, and no deaths due to this cause were seen. This confirms an adequate safety profile for the drug combination.
Human movement-mediated energy harvesting and weight sensing using flexible N-carbon dot loaded PVDF nanocomposite
Authors: Sarkar Debmalya , Das Namrata , Saikh Md. Minarul , Biswas Prosenjit , Roy Shubham , Paul Sumana , Hoque Nur Amin , Basu Ruma , Das Sukhen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work reports a flexible and wearable nanocomposite made of nitrogenous carbon dot (N-CD) modified PVDF (PCD) nanocomposite assisted piezoelectric device (PPNCD) that can harvest different forms of mechanical energy and convert them into electrical energy. The efficacy of this device is dependent upon its ‘sandwiched’ structure made of PCD nanocomposite wrapped with aluminum electrodes on both sides. Herein, the polarizability of the PCD nanocomposite has a great contribution to the total output performance of the device. The polarizability of the film has been measured by using a standard density functional approach. The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) has also been calculated, which is found to be 29 pC/N. Such augmented electrical parameters and enhanced piezoelectric coefficient are further utilized to fabricate the PPNCD device, which is capable to detect human body movements efficiently and can act as a weight sensor with a sensitivity of 10.2 V/kPa (up to 0.5 kPa). Moreover, this device provides a power density of 1979.87µWcm− 3 and exhibits an exceptional output performance (VOC ~ 80V) under periodic finger impartations in comparison to other carbon based piezoelectric nanogenerators. The PPNCD device can illuminate 15 blue /white LEDs and charge a 2.2 µF capacitor within a few seconds under continuous finger impartations. Additionally, the incorporation of N-CDs makes the PCD film photoactive in the visible range of the spectrum (470 nm), which can have a significant impact on future photodetectors and sensors. Such a multifunctional device could be a promising candidate for both healthcare monitoring systems and their power supplies.
Use of virtual reality compared to the role-playing methodology in basic life support training: a two-arm community-based randomised trial
Authors: Pedrosa Fígols , Pérez Antolí Barra , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Miro-Catalina Queralt , Arcarons Anna Forcada 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows us to replace our real environment with one created with digital media. This technology is increasingly used in the training of healthcare professionals, and previous studies show that the involvement and motivation of students who participate in activities that use VR increases compared to those who undergo training with the traditional methodology. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the learning curve of the students using a VR environment, to evaluate the satisfaction with the training activity and the cost, and to compare them with training that uses role-playing methodology.Methodology. Two-arm community-based randomised trial. The control arm will base the training on the usual role-playing methodology. The second arm or intervention arm will base the Basic Life Support (BLS) training on a VR programme.Results. Statistically significant differences are observed in the percentage of correct answers in favour of the group that used virtual reality as a learning methodology in the test taken at the end of the course. These differences disappear when comparing the results of the test performed at six months. The satisfaction rating of the role-playing training activity has a score of 9.37 out of a total of 10 and satisfaction with the VR methodology has a score of 9.72. The cost analysis shows that the cost of training a student by role-playing is 32.5 euros and, if trained by VR, it is 41.6 euros.Conclusions. Virtual reality is a tool that allows the consolidation of a greater amount of knowledge in the short term and can be used for situations such as pandemics, where traditional formats are not available. In relation to student satisfaction with the training activity, the rating in both groups is very high and the differences are minimal. The results will be directly applicable to the decision making of BLS training in Central Catalonia in relation to the scheduling of training activities that use the VR methodology in an uncertain environment.
Grafting of poly(stearyl acrylate) on cellulose fiber as 3D-printable HDPE composites
Authors: Barba Enguerrand , Mietner J. Benedikt , Navarro Julien R.G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper aimed to produce a bio-based filament, suitable for 3d printing (Fused Deposition Modeling), made of surface modified cellulose fiber and high density polyethylene. The cellulose fiber (CF) were first surface modified and transformed into a CF-based macroinitiator through an esterification reaction with the 2-Bromoisobutyric acid. We finally study the ability of this CF-based macroinitiator to initiate a Single Electron Transfer-Living Radical Polymerization (SET-LRP) with an hydrophobic monomer: the stearyl acrylate. The grafting of poly(stearly acrylate) onto the cellulose fiber is strongly increasing the adhesion, compatibility of the modified fiber with the hydrophobic host matrix (HDPE). Finally, the resulting hydrophobic fibers were extruded with the high density polyethylene (HDPE) through a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder, yielding a bio-based filament suitable for FDM 3d printing. The successful surface modifications, such as the correct incorporation of the modified fiber into the thermoplastic matrix, were characterized through ATR-FTIR, 13C CP-MAS NMR, FE-SEM, and mechanical testing. Throughout those characterization techniques, it could be concluded that this surface modification significantly improves the compatibility of the fibers with HDPE. Finally, the 3D printing properties of the composite were tested and compared to those of pure HDPE through the 3d printing of simples objects. It was concluded that the printability of the composite made with poly(stearyl acrylate)-grafted cellulose overcome the problem (shrinkage, warpage, print fidelity) meet with the printing of pure HDPE.
A Simple Model for Algal Photosynthesis for Better Light Utilization with Flashing Light
Authors: Mahulkar Amit , Patil Smita , Khopkar Avinash , Kirdat Nitin , Banerjee Arun , Griffin Thomas , Sapre Ajit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Photobioreactors (PBRs) demonstrating very high bio-productivity involve a complex interaction between biomass density, light path, light intensity, and timescales of random cell movement. This work presents a new reactor model capable of simulating the effects of the above-mentioned parameters on the biomass productivity of a PBR. The work presented in this paper includes (i) development of photosynthesis model based on occupancy of charge carriers associated with the linear electron transport chain of photosystem-II, (ii) tuning and validation of the kinetics model using flashing light data reported in the literature, and (iii) reactor model development by integrating kinetics with a simple flow depiction including the effect of boundary layer thickness. For the first time, the role of the boundary layer in determining the productivity of PBRs is elucidated.
Characteristics and predictors of mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Hong Wei-Cheng , Yin Chun-Hao , Hsu Chien-Wei , Chen Jin-Shuen , Chen Yao-Shen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with high mortality when acutely exacerbated. However, the mortality may be higher in patients needing mechanical ventilation due to severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Hence, we performed a cohort study to investigate the predictors in these patients.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure, who had been treated with invasive mechanical ventilation or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). We included patients admitted to our hospital, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan, from January 2011 to December 2021. Patients were excluded if they were aged below 20 years or had incomplete clinical or laboratory test data.Results: We found that the 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 20% after ventilation in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Patients with age ≥70 years (P: 0.007, adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.21, 95% confident interval (CI): 1.25–3.92), shock (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.39, 95% CI: 2.26–8.55), high serum lactate > 4 mmole/L (P: 0.008, aOR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.31–6.07), PaCO2 < 50 mmHg (P: 0.003, aOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.33–4.14), and NIPPV (P < 0.001, aOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 2.29–7.84) were independent predictors for higher 30-day in-hospital mortality rate in stepwise logistic regression analysis.Conclusions: We identified clinical predictors of mortality in patients with severely exacerbated COPD with acute respiratory failure. Age ≥70 years, shock, high serum lactate > 4 mmol/L, PaCO2 < 50 mmHg, and NIPPV were associated with higher 30-day in-hospital mortality rates in these patients.