bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly‐L‐lysine/hyaluronan nanocarriers as a novel nanosystem for gene delivery
Authors: Souri Masoumeh , Bagherzadeh Mohammad Aref , Mofazzal Jahromi Mirza Ali , Mohammad‐Beigi Hossein , Abdoli Amir , Mir Hamed , Roustazadeh Abazar , Pirestani Majid , Sahandi Zangabad Parham , Kiani Jafar , Bakhshayesh Amirmahmoud , Jahani Mehdi , Joghataei Mohammad Taghi , Karimi Mahdi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present research comes up with a novel DNA‐loaded poly‐L‐lysine (PLL)/hyaluronan (HA) nanocarrier (DNA‐loaded PLL/HA NCs) for gene delivery applications, as a promising candidate for gene delivery into diverse cells. A straightforward approach was employed to prepare such a nanosystem through masking DNA‐loaded PLL molecules by HA. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyse the interaction of the molecules as well as the physicochemical properties of the NCs. The NCs showed a negative charge of –24 ± 3 mV, with an average size of 138 ± 6 nm, in an ellipsoid‐shape with smooth surfaces. The DNA loading efficiency (LE) measured by DNA absorbance was around 95 %. The MTT assay showed that the developed NCs are non‐toxic to the cells. Furthermore, the uptake of the DNA‐loaded PLL/HA NCs by the human embryonic kidney (HEK)‐293T cells was evaluated by a flow cytometry method, and demonstrated high potential cellular uptake over 90% for transferring the gene to HEK‐293T cells at the optimised conditions. Therefore, the DNA‐loaded PLL/HA NCs are the potent strategy for developing nanosystems for gene delivery applications.
TRAF3IP2 regulated by FOXO4 affects fibroblast proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition in keloid through the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway
Authors: Yan Qiaoyu , Li Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundKeloids are "tumor‐like" scars that grow beyond the boundary of injury. Its pathogenesis is complex. This paper will discuss the pathogenesis of keloid from the transcriptional regulation mechanism of TRAF3IP2.MethodsIL‐17 was utilized to induce human keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and normal dermal fibroblasts. With the application of RT‐qPCR and Western blot, TRAF3IP2 expression was detected. Subsequently, the expression of TRAF3IP2 was interfered by cell transfection and the effects of interfering TRAF3IP2 on cell proliferative rate, migration rate, and extracellular matrix were assessed with CCK‐8, Wound Healing, immunofluorescence, and Western blot techniques. Proliferation, migration, and (ECM) deposition were detected by JASPAR software predicted the binding sites of transcription factors FOXO4 and TRAF3IP2 promoters. The relationship between FOXO4 and TRAF3IP2 was verified by Dual luciferase activity assay and ChIP. Finally, the expression of TRAF3IP2 and FOXO4 was interfered simultaneously to further explore the mechanism.ResultsTRAF3IP2 was enhanced in IL‐17 induced KFs. Interference with TRAF3IP2 imparted suppressive effects on the proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition of KFs. FOXO4 could inhibit TRAF3IP2 transcription, and interference with FOXO4 reversed the effect of TRAF3IP2 down‐regulation on KFs via TGF‐β1/Smad pathway.ConclusionTRAF3IP2 was regulated by FOXO4 and affected fibroblast proliferation, migration, and ECM deposition in keloid through the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway.
Incidental Learning of Collocations in an Academic Lecture Through Different Input Modes
Authors: Dang Thi Ngoc Yen , Lu Cailing , Webb Stuart 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this quasi‐experimental study, 165 learners of English for academic purposes at a university in China were randomly assigned to five experimental groups and a control group. Each experimental group encountered 19 target collocations in the same academic lecture in one of the following input modes: (a) reading, (b) listening, (c) reading while listening, (d) viewing, and (e) viewing with captions. The control group did not receive any treatment. The results revealed that reading, viewing, and viewing with captions led to learning at the form recognition level, but no significant differences were found in the learning gains across these modes. Nonverbal elaboration, type of vocabulary, and type of verbal elaboration affected learning, but frequency of occurrence, strength of association, comprehension, and prior knowledge of general vocabulary did not. This study provides further evidence supporting the use of academic lectures for incidental learning of collocations as well as expanding on the multimedia learning theory.
Nutrition modeling tools: a qualitative study of influence on policy decision making and determining factors
Authors: Knight Frances , Bourassa Megan W. , Ferguson Elaine , Walls Helen , de Pee Saskia , Vosti Stephen , Martinez Homero , Levin Carol , Woldt Monica , Sethurman Kavita , Bergeron Gilles 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNutrition modeling tools (NMTs) generate evidence to inform policy and program decision making; however, the literature is generally limited to modeling methods and results, rather than use cases and their impacts. We aimed to document the policy influences of 12 NMTs and identify factors influencing them. We conducted semistructured interviews with 109 informants from 30 low‐ and middle‐income country case studies and used thematic analysis to understand the data. NMTs were mostly applied by international organizations to inform national government decision making. NMT applications contributed to enabling environments for nutrition and influenced program design and policy in most cases; however, this influence could be strengthened. Influence was shaped by processes for applying the NMTs; ownership of the analysis and data inputs, and capacity building in NMT methods, encouraged uptake. Targeting evidence generation at specific policy cycle stages promoted uptake; however, where advocacy capacity allowed, modeling was embedded ad hoc into emerging policy discussions and had broader influence. Meanwhile, external factors, such as political change and resource constraints of local partner organizations, challenged NMT implementation. Importantly, policy uptake was never the result of NMTs exclusively, indicating they should be nested persistently and strategically within the wider evidence and advocacy continuum, rather than being stand‐alone activities.
Assessing heritability of biochemical limitations in photosynthesis can help elucidate new targets for improvement
Authors: Acevedo‐Siaca Liana G. , Long Stephen P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding heritability has historically been critical to the incorporation of traits of interest into plant breeding programmes for improvement. In our previous study, we assessed the heritability of several photosynthetic traits in indica rice, including biochemical limitations of photosynthesis. Here, we discuss that even without directly evaluating sink limitation, there is still great value in this study for understanding how photosynthetic traits in rice could be incorporated into a breeding programme and which traits could be given priority. Additionally, we assert that limitation by Jmax will likely be more relevant than TPU limitation in the immediate future and could be a valuable factor for selection. However, we agree with Fabre and Dingkuhn (2022, https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.13000) that sink limitation should be further examined within the context of plant improvement in the future.
Quantifying the Photochemical Damage Potential of Contrast‐Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging Products: Singlet Oxygen Production
Authors: Gaitan Brandon , Frankle Lucas , Vig Shruti , Oskoui Ellen , Adwan Miriam , Chen Yu , Elespuru Rosalie , Huang Huang‐Chiao , Pfefer T. Joshua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe benefits of contrast‐enhancing imaging probes have become apparent over the past decade. However, there is a gap in the literature when it comes to the assessment of the phototoxic potential of imaging probes and systems emitting visible and/or near‐infrared radiation. The primary mechanism of fluorescent agent phototoxicity is thought to involve the production of reactive molecular species (RMS), yet little has been published on the best practices for safety evaluation of RMS production levels for clinical products. We have proposed methods involving a cell‐free assay to quantify singlet oxygen [(SO) a known RMS] generation of imaging probes, and performed testing of Indocyanine Green (ICG), Proflavine, Methylene Blue, IR700 and IR800 at clinically relevant concentrations and radiant exposures. Results indicated that SO production from IR800 and ICG were more than two orders of magnitude below that of the known SO generator Rose Bengal. Methylene Blue and IR700 produced much higher SO levels than ICG and IR800. These results were in good agreement with data from the literature. While agents that exhibit spectral overlap with the assay may be more prone to errors, our tests for one of these agents (Proflavine) appeared robust. Overall, our results indicate that this methodology shows promise for assessing the phototoxic potential of fluorophores due to SO production.
Alteplase Dose Assessment for Pleural infection Therapy (ADAPT) Study‐2: Use of 2.5 mg alteplase as a starting intrapleural dose
Authors: Popowicz Natalia , Ip Hugh , Lau Estee P. M. , Piccolo Francesco , Dootson Kirstie , Yeoh Cindy , Phu Wint Ywe , Brown Rebecca , West Alex , Ahmed Liju , Lee Y. C. Gary 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveIntrapleural tissue plasminogen activator/deoxyribonuclease (tPA/DNase) therapy is increasingly used in pleural infection. Bleeding risks and costs associated with tPA remain the clinical concerns. Our dose de‐escalation series aims to establish the lowest effective dosing regimen for tPA/DNase. This study assesses the intrapleural use of 2.5 mg tPA/5 mg DNase for pleural infection.MethodsConsecutive patients with pleural infection treated with a starting regime of 2.5 mg tPA/5 mg DNase were included from two centres in Australia and UK. Escalation of tPA dose was permitted if clinical response was inadequate.ResultsSixty‐nine patients (mean age 61.0 years) received intrapleural 2.5 mg tPA/5 mg DNase. Most (88.4%) were treated successfully and discharged from hospital without surgery by 90 days. Patients received a median of 5 [interquartile range [IQR] = 3–6] doses of tPA/DNase. Total amount of tPA used per patient was 12.5 mg [median, IQR = 7.5–15.0]. Seventeen patients required dose escalation of tPA; most (n = 12) for attempted drainage of distant non‐communicating locule(s). Treatment success was corroborated by clearance of pleural opacities on radiographs (from median 27.0% [IQR = 17.1–44.5] to 11.0% [IQR = 6.4–23.3] of hemithorax, p < 0.0001), increased pleural fluid drainage (1.98 L [median, IQR = 1.38–2.68] over 72 h following commencement of tPA/DNase) and reduction of serum C‐reactive protein level (by 45.0% [IQR = 39.3–77.0] from baseline at day 5, p < 0.0001). Two patients required surgery. Six patients with significant comorbidities (e.g., advanced cancer) had ongoing infection when palliated and died. Two patients experienced self‐limiting pleural bleeding and received blood transfusion.ConclusionA starting intrapleural regime of 2.5 mg tPA/5 mg DNase, with up‐titration if needed, can be effective and deserves further exploration.
Quantitative evaluation of the roles of ocean chemistry and climate on ooid size across the Phanerozoic: Global versus local controls
Authors: Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah , Trower Elizabeth J. , Li Xiaowei , Mukerji Tapan , Lehrmann Daniel J. , Morsilli Michele , Al‐Ramadan Khalid , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOoid size in natural systems can be predicted based on the expected equilibrium between precipitation and abrasion rates. Therefore, ooid size distributions may enable quantitative inferences about past ocean and climate conditions from sedimentology that complement insights from geochemistry. A few previous attempts have been made to compile information on ooid sizes across the Phanerozoic, but no systematic ooid size dataset is available and equilibrium models of ooid growth have not been explored comprehensively. In this study, convolutional neural network‐based segmentation was used to automate ooid size measurement and provide a systematic sampling of ooid sizes spanning the Phanerozoic. This data set is coupled with Monte Carlo simulations to quantitatively explore the interplay between three testable physicochemical parameters (long‐term average carbonate saturation state, bed shear velocity and intermittency of transport) in determining equilibrium ooid size. The numerical model shows that a typical‐sized ooid (≤1000 µm) can grow under a wide range of parameter combinations whereas giant ooids (>2000 µm) can only form under a more restricted set of circumstances. Furthermore, the model predicts that the formation of giant ooids is common when conditions favourable for rapid CaCO3 precipitation are achieved. This finding is consistent with the naturally rare occurrences of giant ooids, which developed under exceptional environmental conditions and are primarily associated with intervals of bimineralic seas and elevated sea‐surface temperature (greenhouse or transitional climate). Whereas global controls could help explain secular trends in ooid size, significant spatial variability of ooid size in several time intervals further demonstrates the importance of local environmental parameters in the growth of ooids. Together, spatial and temporal variation in ooid size distributions can complement geochemical proxies in quantitatively reconstructing ancient tropical marine environments.
Urological outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome: The experience of a cohort in Campina Grande, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Rayssa Vieira Brandão , Pinheiro Hannah Cavalcante Guedes , de Oliveira Melo Fabiana , Gama Gabriela Lopes , Monteiro Lucia Maria Costa , Fontes Juliana Marin , de Oliveira Cruz Glaura Nisya , de Araújo Grace Ferreira , Amorim Melania Maria Ramos , Melo Adriana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the urological outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and investigate the relationship between clinical and urological findings in this population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved children with CZS followed up by a referral centre for children with microcephaly in the state of Paraiba in northeast Brazil. The urological evaluation included clinical history, urine culture results, ultrasonography of the urinary tract, and urodynamic evaluation, following the protocol proposed by Costa Monteiro et al. (2017). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed in addition to association and correlation tests, considering clinical and urodynamic variables.ResultsAmong the 88 children with CZS (35.5 ± 5.5 months), 97.7% had microcephaly, and 51% presented urinary tract infection (UTI) confirmed with clinical history and lab tests. The number of confirmed UTI episodes varied from one to 14 per child. The urodynamic evaluation confirmed the presence of an overactive bladder in 78 children and incomplete voiding in 50. Urodynamic findings were associated with the number of confirmed UTI episodes, child's sex, and actual weight, in addition to the use of anticonvulsant and myorelaxant drugs.ConclusionsUTIs were confirmed in most children. Other urological outcomes observed were overactive bladder and low bladder capacity, which were associated with the number of confirmed UTI episodes, use of anticonvulsants and myorelaxants, and the child's sex and weight. These are treatable conditions, and it is paramount that paediatricians, neonatologists, and infectious disease specialists are aware of them to make clinical decisions and help reduce the risk of renal damage and other morbidities.
Effect of extension tube length on the damping coefficient and natural frequency in normotensive dogs
Authors: Cha Jeesoo , Son Won‐gyun , Kim Hyunseok , Kim Dalhae , Lee Inhyung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo establish an acceptable extension tube length (ETL) to measure direct blood pressure (BP) in dogs.DesignProspective, experimental study.SettingUniversity‐based small animal research facility.AnimalsEight healthy Beagle dogs: 6 males and 2 females.InterventionsEach extension tube with lengths of 25, 50, 75, 115, 145, 205, and 275 cm were connected after the catheterization with a 22‐Ga catheter in the dorsal pedal artery in sternal recumbency. A square wave from the fast‐flush test was consecutively recorded 5 times to analyze the system's dynamic response characteristics according to the ETL. After recording the square wave, the ETL was converted to a Latin square. The dynamic response was analyzed using natural frequency (NF) and the damping coefficient (DC), both of which affect the damping factor. The average values of NF and DC were plotted against a graph showing the damping factor. Linear regression was used to evaluate the between‐group changes in NF and DC.Measurements and Main ResultsThe DC gradually increased from 0.21 to 0.29 ξ, and the NF gradually decreased from 38 to 14 Hz according to the increase in ETL (P < 0.05). The dynamic response showed adequate damping with all ETLs.ConclusionWith an increase in ETL, the NF decreased significantly, while the DC demonstrated a less significant change. Therefore, NF had a greater influence on the damping factor of arterial BP measurement. There was no difference between ETLs from 25 to 275 cm lines for measuring BP. An ETL of less than 275 cm is recommended as the damping amount is adequate. Moreover, an ETL less than 275 cm does not meaningfully affect BP measurement in dogs.
Retrospective evaluation of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels in dogs and cats with respiratory disease
Authors: Wolf Jacob M. , Hess Rebecka S. , Hering Caitlin T. , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) levels in dogs and cats with respiratory disease in the ICU.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsThe ICU census was searched for dogs (n = 466) and cats (n = 97) hospitalized within the ICU between January 2016 and January 2019 in whom blood gas with co‐oximetry was performed. Dogs and cats were stratified into those with primary respiratory and nonrespiratory categories; the underlying cause of the disease was also noted. Venous blood gas, co‐oximeter, PaO2/FiO2 (PF ratio), physical examination findings, and outcome were recorded.Measurements and main resultsThe median COHb and MetHb in dogs hospitalized in the ICU were 2.6% (0.1%–5.6%) and 1.1% (0.1%–2.9%), respectively. The median COHb and MetHb in cats hospitalized in the ICU were 2.2% (0.1%–5.4%) and 1.0% (0%–2.1%), respectively. Dogs with respiratory disease had a higher COHb than dogs without respiratory disease (median, 2.7% [range, 0.3%–5.0%] vs. 2.5% [0.1%–5.6%]; P = 0.0148). COHb was positively associated with survival in cats (median, 2.2% [range, 0.1%–5.4%] vs. 1.9% [0.1%–3.9%]; P = 0.0433). Both COHb and MetHb were higher in septic dogs than in nonseptic dogs (median COHb, 2.8% [range 0.3%–4.5%] vs. 2.6% [0.1%–5.6%]; P = 0.02 and median MetHb, 1.1% [0.1%–2.9%] vs. 1.1% [0.1%–2.4%]; P = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsThere may be a positive association between COHb and respiratory disease in dogs; prospective studies are needed to evaluate this further. No association between COHb and respiratory disease in cats or MetHb and respiratory disease in either species was detected. Additional prospective studies are needed to determine whether COHb and MetHb are biomarkers for sepsis in dogs and whether COHb is an indicator of mortality in cats.
P32 Children’s hospital discharge collaborative: getting home in time for tea
Authors: Bell Catherine , Ashton Chloe , Brookes Andy , Jones Elliss , Forsaith Julia 
Published: April 2022

AimThe Children’s Hospital Discharge Collaborative (CHDC) team are a multi-disciplinary group of staff members passionate about improving the quality and efficiency of our discharges. The aim of this project is to increase the number of patients being discharged within working hours in order to facilitate a safe return to routine for families, improve patient flow within the hospital and ultimately improve patient experience.MethodAs a collaborative we have trialled interventions in ward areas, learnt what works and what needs improvement, all of which has enabled us to roll out evidence based changes throughout the Children’s Hospital. We have held monthly meetings and received good engagement from ward areas and a broad range of specialties which has meant that we have collaborated and shared ideas. The CHDC team have utilised existing morning huddles to identify potential discharges as early in the day as possible, or even the day before, as well as communicating this by the use of a discharge board visible to all staff members meaning that this information is readily available. We also challenged existing norms, and empowered leadership from within ward areas to drive projects. We have encouraged the early preparation - sometimes overnight - of quality discharges using a new acronym for electronic discharge advice notes (eDANs - Easy to read, Drugs, Advice, Next Steps). We have facilitated nurse-led and criteria led discharges as well as increased our safe use of over-labelled discharge packs. Another quality improvement project piloted the process of finalising the discharge medicines before the clinical information was completed enabling earlier dispensing.ResultsIn the period from October 2020 to July 2021 the median percentage of weekly discharges before 1500hours has risen from 36% to 49%. In patient terms, this means approximately 18-20 more patients per week being discharged home before 1500hours.Conclusion and Future AspirationsThe CHDC team have increased discharges before 1500hours across the Children’s Hospital by 13% over the last 9 months by working collaboratively and enthusiastically to rethink the existing processes used. This also equates to 1 or 2 wards full of patient space that is free for the next family that needs it. We hope to continue this good work and improve on this further by collecting some qualitative data from families to explore their thoughts about the discharge process.The Trust is now investigating a re-design of the eDAN process to enable a change in discharge process across specialties, meaning that the whole Trust could benefit from this project’s initial work. The CHDC team also plan to continue to collaborate and celebrate our achievements, both locally and nationally by completing positive feedback forms, issuing certificates and ‘Discharge Champion’ badges and sharing our learning by presenting our work.