bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision-making difficulties mediate the association between poor emotion regulation and eating disorder symptoms in adolescence
Authors: Francesconi Marta , Flouri Eirini , Harrison Amy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of eating problems during childhood increases the risk for eating disorders (EDs) during young adulthood. Previous studies highlight a relationship between poor self-regulation and onset of eating pathology. In this study, we investigated whether this association is mediated by decision-making difficulties.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we used data from the Millennium Cohort Study. Decision-making performance was assessed with the Cambridge Gambling Task at age 11. Principal components analysis was used to derive an index of ED symptoms at age 14. The trajectories of scores of two subscales of the Child Social Behaviour Questionnaire, Independence and Self-Regulation (ISR) and Emotional Dysregulation (EmotDy), were modelled from ages 3 to 7 years in a latent growth curve analysis. The individual predicted values of the intercept (set at baseline, 3 years) and the slope (rate of annual change) were then used in the mediation analysis.ResultsIn our sample of 11 303 individuals, there was evidence for mediation by three measures of decision-making at age 11 (poor quality of decision-making, delay aversion and low risk-adjustment) in the association between EmotDy across ages 3–7 and ED symptoms at age 14 even after the adjustment for relevant covariates. We found no evidence of association between ISR and ED symptoms.ConclusionOur findings suggest that emotion regulation processes during childhood may be relevant for the future onset of ED symptoms via their association with decision-making skills. These findings, obtained from a large, representative, sample, shed light on the relationship between self-regulation, decision-making and symptoms of EDs.
Golden-bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus chrysogaster) consume and share mammalian prey at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: McLester Edward 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPredator–prey dynamics are an important aspect of community ecology, but predation events are often difficult to observe. Among African primates, observations of mammal predation are particularly uncommon and generally restricted to a few ape and cercopithecoid species. I report five observations of mammal predation by golden-bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus chrysogaster) living in rainforest at the LuiKotale study site, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Over 46 all-day follows, mangabeys from one group caught and consumed four duikers (Cephalophinae spp.) and one Alexander’s cusimanse (Crossarchus alexandri). Individuals begged from the feeding individual in three of five observations. I observed one successful attempt at begging, which resulted in an adult female tolerating removal of blue duiker by a juvenile. These are the first detailed observations of mammal predation and food sharing by Cercocebus mangabeys and suggest mammals that feed alongside mangabeys may balance predation risk against social foraging benefits. Food sharing is rarely observed in most cercopithecine monkeys and could provide a useful metric to examine socio-ecological patterns of food acquisition.
The Artist Is Not Present
Authors: brooks mayfield 
Published: March 2022

After participating in the Black Lives Matter protests in 2020, I felt hopeless because I wanted the capitalist death machine to collapse, but the protests eventually died out. I then learned about 400 pilot whales who died off the coast of Tasmania after being stranded there, and connected whale death to Black death and thought about how the whale bodies feed the ocean when they die.mayfield brooks improvises while black and is based in Brooklyn, New York, on Lenapehoking, the homeland of the Lenape people. brooks is a movement-based performance artist, vocalist, urban farmer, writer, and wanderer. They are on the faculty at Movement Research NYC, Editor-in-Chief of Movement Research Performance Journal, and the 2021 recipient of the biennial Merce Cunningham Award from the Foundation for Contemporary Arts. brooks teaches and performs practices that arise from their life/art/movement work, Improvising While Black. www.improvisingwhileblack.com
Rapid Growth of Large Forest Fires Drives the Exponential Response of Annual Forest‐Fire Area to Aridity in the Western United States
Authors: Juang C. S. , Williams A. P. , Abatzoglou J. T. , Balch J. K. , Hurteau M. D. , Moritz M. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnnual forest area burned (AFAB) in the western United States (US) has increased as a positive exponential function of rising aridity in recent decades. This non‐linear response has important implications for AFAB in a changing climate, yet the cause of the exponential AFAB‐aridity relationship has not been given rigorous attention. We investigated the exponential AFAB‐aridity relationship in western US forests using a new 1984–2019 database of fire events and 2001–2020 satellite‐based records of daily fire growth. While forest‐fire frequency and duration grow linearly with aridity, the exponential AFAB‐aridity relationship results from the exponential growth rates of individual fires. Larger fires generally have more potential for growth due to more extensive firelines. Thus, forces that promote fire growth, such as aridification, have more potent effects on larger fires. As aridity increases linearly, the potential for growth of large fires accelerates, leading to exponential increases in AFAB.
An Optimal Precursor of Northeast Pacific Marine Heatwaves and Central Pacific El Niño Events
Authors: Capotondi A. , Newman M. , Xu T. , Di Lorenzo E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe intensity of Northeast Pacific marine heatwaves (MHWs) has been related to local stochastic atmospheric forcing with limited predictability, but their evolution and persistence may be controlled by large‐scale climate influences. A Linear Inverse Model containing both sea surface temperature and sea surface height (SSH) anomalies is used to identify the “optimal” conditions for observed Northeast Pacific MHW events that developed two‐to‐four seasons later. These optimal initial conditions include SSH anomalies that are responsible for most of the MHW growth, suggesting the relevance of subsurface ocean dynamics. Moreover, Northeast Pacific MHW growth occurs as part of a basin‐scale dynamical mode that links the North Pacific to central equatorial Pacific El Niño events, whose subsequent development may lengthen MHW duration.
Ducted Chorus Waves Cause Sub‐Relativistic and Relativistic Electron Microbursts
Authors: Chen Lunjin , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Artemyev Anton , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Tsai Ethan , Wilkins Colin , Horne Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring magnetospheric storms, radiation belt electrons are produced and then removed by collisions with the lower atmosphere on varying timescales. An efficient loss process is microbursts, strong, transient precipitation of electrons over a wide energy range, from tens of keV to sub‐relativistic and relativistic energies (100s keV and above). However, the detailed generation mechanism of microbursts, especially over sub‐relativistic and relativistic energies, remains unknown. Here, we show that these energetic electron microbursts may be caused by ducted whistler‐mode lower‐band chorus waves. Using observations of equatorial chorus waves nearby low‐altitude precipitation as well as data‐driven simulations, we demonstrate that the observed microbursts are the result of resonant interaction of electrons with ducted chorus waves rather than nonducted ones. Revealing the physical mechanism behind the microbursts advances our understanding of radiation belt dynamics and its impact on the lower atmosphere and space weather.
On the Applicability of Single‐Spacecraft Interferometry Methods Using Electric Field Probes
Authors: Steinvall K. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhen analyzing plasma waves, a key parameter to determine is the phase velocity. It enables us to, for example, compute wavelengths, wave potentials, and determine the energy of resonant particles. The phase velocity of a wave, observed by a single spacecraft equipped with electric field probes, can be determined using interferometry techniques. While several methods have been developed to do this, they have not been documented in detail. In this study, we use an analytical model to analyze and compare three interferometry methods applied on the probe geometry of the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. One method relies on measured probe potentials, whereas the other two use different E‐field measurements: one by reconstructing the E‐field between two probes and the spacecraft, the other by constructing four pairwise parallel E‐field components in the spacecraft spin‐plane. We find that the potential method is sensitive both to how planar the wave is, and to spacecraft potential changes due to the wave. The E‐field methods are less affected by the spacecraft potential, and while the reconstructed E‐field method is applicable in some cases, the second E‐field method is almost always preferable. We conclude that the potential based interferometry method is useful when spacecraft potential effects are negligible and the signals of the different probes are very well correlated. The method using two pairs of parallel E‐fields is practically always preferable to the reconstructed E‐field method and produces the correct velocity in the spin‐plane, but it requires knowledge of the propagation direction to provide the full velocity.
Cooling Effects Revealed by Modeling of Wetlands and Land‐Atmosphere Interactions
Authors: Zhang Z. , Chen F. , Barlage M. , Bortolotti L. E. , Famiglietti J. , Li Z. , Ma X. , Li Y. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWetlands are important ecosystems—they provide vital hydrological and ecological services such as regulating floods, storing carbon, and providing wildlife habitat. The ability to simulate their spatial extents and hydrological processes is important for valuing wetlands' function. The purpose of this study is to dynamically represent the spatial extents and hydrological processes of wetlands and investigate their feedback to regional climate in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America, where a large number of wetlands exist. In this study, we incorporated a wetland scheme into the Noah‐MP land surface model with two major modifications: (a) modifying the subgrid saturation fraction for spatial wetland extent and (b) incorporating a dynamic wetland storage to simulate hydrological processes. This scheme was evaluated at a fen site in central Saskatchewan, Canada and applied regionally in the PPR with 13‐year climate forcing produced by a high‐resolution convection‐permitting model. The differences between wetland and no‐wetland simulations are significant, with increasing latent heat and evapotranspiration while suppressing sensible heat and runoff in the wetland scheme. Finally, the dynamic wetland scheme was applied in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The wetlands scheme not only modifies the surface energy balance but also interacts with the lower atmosphere, shallowing the planetary boundary layer height and promoting cloud formation. A cooling effect of 1–3°C in summer temperature is evident where wetlands are abundant. In particular, the wetland simulation shows reduction in the number of hot days for >10 days over the summer of 2006, when a long‐lasting heatwave occurred. This research has great implications for land surface/regional climate modeling and wetland conservation, especially in mitigating extreme heatwaves under climate change.
Fungal hyphae develop where titanomagnetite inclusions reach the surface of basalt grains
Authors: Lybrand Rebecca A. , Qafoku Odeta , Bowden Mark E. , Hochella Michael F. , Kovarik Libor , Perea Daniel E. , Qafoku Nikolla P. , Schroeder Paul A. , Wirth Mark G. , Zaharescu Dragos G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNutrient foraging by fungi weathers rocks by mechanical and biochemical processes. Distinguishing fungal-driven transformation from abiotic mechanisms in soil remains a challenge due to complexities within natural field environments. We examined the role of fungal hyphae in the incipient weathering of granulated basalt from a three-year field experiment in a mixed hardwood-pine forest (S. Carolina) to identify alteration at the nanometer to micron scales based on microscopy-tomography analyses. Investigations of fungal-grain contacts revealed (i) a hypha-biofilm-basaltic glass interface coinciding with titanomagnetite inclusions exposed on the grain surface and embedded in the glass matrix and (ii) native dendritic and subhedral titanomagnetite inclusions in the upper 1–2 µm of the grain surface that spanned the length of the fungal-grain interface. We provide evidence of submicron basaltic glass dissolution occurring at a fungal-grain contact in a soil field setting. An example of how fungal-mediated weathering can be distinguished from abiotic mechanisms in the field was demonstrated by observing hyphal selective occupation and hydrolysis of glass-titanomagnetite surfaces. We hypothesize that the fungi were drawn to basaltic glass-titanomagnetite boundaries given that titanomagnetite exposed on or very near grain surfaces represents a source of iron to microbes. Furthermore, glass is energetically favorable to weathering in the presence of titanomagnetite. Our observations demonstrate that fungi interact with and transform basaltic substrates over a three-year time scale in field environments, which is central to understanding the rates and pathways of biogeochemical reactions related to nuclear waste disposal, geologic carbon storage, nutrient cycling, cultural artifact preservation, and soil-formation processes.
Sow vaccination against virulent Glaesserella parasuis shapes the nasal microbiota of their offspring
Authors: Blanco-Fuertes Miguel , Correa-Fiz Florencia , López-Serrano Sergi , Sibila Marina , Aragon Virginia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlaesserella parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, a common pathology in the pork industry with higher prevalence in the postweaning period. Vaccination is one of the strategies to control this disease. Here, we investigated the effect that sow vaccination against virulent strains of G. parasuis had in the nasal microbiota of their offspring. Nasal swabs from fifteen days-old piglets from vaccinated (vs-P, n = 11) and unvaccinated sows (cs-P, n = 11) were obtained and DNA was extracted for 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbiota composition was different, with lower diversity in vs-P, and a strong clustering of the groups in beta diversity analysis. Among the 1509 sequences associated to either study group, all the sequences classified as G. parasuis (10 ASVs) had lower relative abundance in the vs-P group. A list of 32 inferred metabolic pathways were statistically different between groups. A distinctive structure of the two microbial networks was detected, with modules in the cs-P not conserved in the vs-P network. In conclusion, vaccination of the sows had a large effect in the microbiota composition of their offspring that went beyond the effect on the targeted pathogen. The mechanisms underneath these changes may include alteration of the microbiota network due to the elimination of the targeted pathogen and/or immunological changes.
Erfahrungen mit Blended Learning – ein neuartiges Konzept in die Tat umgesetzt
Authors: Schönefeld Eva , Glasbrenner Johannes , Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Schliemann Benedikt , Raschke Michael , Roßlenbroich Steffen 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie weltweite Covid-19-Pandemie hatte in der letzten Zeit erhebliche Einschränkungen in allen Bereichen, in denen eine menschliche Interaktion über ein digitales Format hinaus notwendig
ist, wie Sozialleben, Kultur und insbesondere Ausbildung hervorgerufen. Insbesondere in der Ausbildung zu komplexen Berufen mit vielseitigen und besonders praktischen Ansprüchen, wie es die
Chirurgie ist, zeigte sich ein große Herausforderung. Sowohl etablierte als auch bewährte Konzepte der universitären Lehre und ärztlichen Weiterbildung galt es zu hinterfragen, zu
aktualisieren und mit modernen Medien neu zu gestalten. Die Entwicklung in den letzten 10 – 15 Jahren hatte bereits gezeigt, dass unterschiedliche edukative Prinzipien als auch didaktische
und pädagogische Perspektiven immer mehr zusammengefasst werden, um mit zunehmender Effektivität und ansteigender Qualität ein traditionelles Face-to-face Lernen mit digitalen Lehrkonzepten
zu kombinieren. Die weltweite Pandemie stellte in diesem Prozess einen erheblichen Akzelerator dar. Im Folgenden werden verschiedene Konzepte des Blended Learning dargestellt.
Kursevaluation in AO Trauma-Veranstaltungen – was haben wir gelernt?
Authors: Ghidinelli Monica 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungUm den Erfolg und die Effektivität von Fortbildungsveranstaltungen zu ermitteln und die Qualität der medizinischen Fortbildung zu verbessern, brauchen Kursanbieter, Dozierende und
Instruktoren von praktischen Übungen Zugang zu klar strukturierten und umfangreichen Evaluations- und Assessmentdaten. Die AO führte 2016 ein neues, schlankes und einheitliches Evaluations-
und Assessmentsystem ein, das AO Trauma Deutschland seit 2019 benutzt. Die erstellten Berichte haben den Dozierenden ermöglicht, die Fortbildungsveranstaltungen den Bedürfnissen der
Teilnehmer anzupassen. Das neue System hat es den verschiedenen Komitees auch ermöglicht, zukünftige Fortbildungsveranstaltungen zu planen und die Qualität der medizinischen Weiterbildung
stetig zu verbessern. Insgesamt waren die von AO Trauma Deutschland angebotenen Veranstaltungen erfolgreich und wurden den Bedürfnissen der Teilnehmer/-innen gerecht.
Minimal-invasive Therapie: Wie ist der Stand im Jahre 2021 – was kommt, was geht
Authors: Franz Julia , Gratzke Christian , Miernik Arkadiusz 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Volkskrankheit „benignes Prostatasyndrom“ erfordert mit der Vielzahl an betroffenen Männern und einer variablen klinischen Präsentation individuelle Therapieoptionen, die auf die jeweiligen klinischen Charakteristika und Wünsche des Patienten zugeschnitten werden. Ist eine operative Therapie indiziert, steht ein großes Spektrum an invasiven Verfahren zur Verfügung. Als Goldstandard galten lange Zeit die transurethrale Resektion der Prostata und die offene Adenomenukleation, die jedoch mit erhöhter Morbidität und Einschränkungen der Sexualfunktion einhergehen. Daher wird zunehmend nach minimal-invasiven Therapieoptionen gefordert, die eine effektive und sichere Therapie im ambulanten Setting ermöglichen sollen. Über die letzten Jahre wurde eine Vielzahl an Technologien und Verfahren entwickelt und getestet, von denen nur wenige in der klinischen Praxis etabliert werden konnten, meist aufgrund unzureichender funktioneller Ergebnisse. Nicht mehr empfohlen werden daher die transurethrale Nadelablation, transurethrale Mikrowellentherapie, intraprostatische Botulinumtoxin-A- oder PRX302-Injektionen und prostatische Stents. Demgegenüber spricht die Europäische Gesellschaft für Urologie derzeit Empfehlungen für den UroLift, die Aquablation und die Prostataarterienembolisation aus, die langfristig signifikante Verbesserungen der funktionellen Parameter erreichen und dabei mit einem guten Sicherheitsprofil und erhaltener Sexualfunktion überzeugen. Vielversprechende Daten liegen auch für das temporär implantierte Nitinoldevice (iTIND), Rezūm, intraprostatische Injektionen von Fexapotid-Triflurtat und die transperineale Laserablation der Prostata vor, deren Effektivität und Sicherheit jedoch noch in weiteren Studien bestätigt werden müssen.
Risk Factors for Clinical Seizures in Neonates with
Hypoxic–ischemic Encephalopathy Treated with Therapeutic
Hypothermia
Authors: Bor Meltem , Ilhan Ozkan , Karaca Meryem , Calik Mustafa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess the risk factors for clinical
seizures in newborns treated with whole body cooling (WBC) for hypoxic ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE).
Methods Infants with gestational age≥36 weeks and birth
weight≥2.000 g who were treated with WBC due to HIE were
retrospectively enrolled in this study. Patients were assigned to two groups:
infants without clinical seizures (Group 1) and infants with clinical seizures
(Group 2). The two groups were compared to determine the risk factors for the
occurrence of clinical seizures.
Results A total of 25 patients (Group 1=10 and Group 2=15)
were included in the study. Prothrombin time (PT) was determined as independent
risk factor for clinical seizures (p=0.046) and the odds ratio for the
effect of PT was found as 1.475 (%95 CI:1.006–2.299). PT (area
under the curve [AUC]=0.764; p=0.041), and increased cardiac
troponin-I (cTnI) (AUC=0.935; p=0.002) were found to be
significant risk factors for predicting the occurrence of clinical seizures. The
optimal PT cut-off value was 22.7 sec, with a sensitivity and
specificity of 45.4% and 90%, respectively; as well as positive
and negative predictive value of 83.3% and 60.0%, respectively.
The chest compression in the delivery room, severely abnormal amplitude
integrated electroencephalography and high encephalopathy score were also found
risk factors for occurrence of clinical seizures.
Conclusion Chest compression in the delivery room, high encephalopathy
score, prolonged PT, and increased cTnI are significant factors for clinical
seizures in newborns treated with WBC for HIE.
Phytotherapie bei Atemwegserkrankungen
Authors: Stange Rainer 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNicht zuletzt wegen der immer größer werdenden Probleme mit Resistenzen gegen Antibiotika stellen Phytotherapeutika eine vielversprechende Alternative bei der Therapie von Atemwegsinfektendar. Gerade bei Kindern wünschen sich viele Eltern eine naturheilkundliche Behandlung. Dabei können Therapeuten auf traditionell verwendete Pflanzen zurückgreifen, die nicht nur direkt antibakteriell, sondern auch immunmodulierend wirksam sind– ein entscheidender Vorteil gegenüber chemisch definierten Substanzen.
Behandlung von Schleimerkrankungen in den oberen Atemwegen aus Sicht der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Klützke Nina T. 
Published: March 2022

SummaryIn der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde sind Schleimerkrankungen häufig Ausdruck einer schlechten Stoffwechselsituation im Körper. Im Sinne der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin (TCM) sind sie Zeichen einer Milz-Qi-Schwäche. Zur Behandlung kommen in der TCM sowohl Arzneimittel als auch Akupunktur zum Einsatz. Wichtig ist auch, dass die Patienten ihre Ernährungs- und Bewegungsgewohnheiten sowie ihren Lebensstil umstellen.
Fallbeispiel: Langzeitverlauf von Bronchiektasien und rezidivierenden Pneumonien
Authors: Koch Barbara , Stange Rainer 
Published: March 2022

SummaryDiese Kasuistik demonstriert das Fallbeispiel einer Patientin, die über mehrere Jahre hinweg unter wiederkehrenden Bronchitiden und Pneumonien litt. Neben einer Antibiotika-Behandlung in Akutphasen wandte die Patientin durchgehend auch naturheilkundliche Therapien sowie andere Maßnahmen an. Dazu gehörten pflanzliche Arzneimittel zur Schleimlösung, Immunstimulanzien,Kneipp’sche Techniken, Atemgymnastik, Inhalation, körperliche Aktivität sowie eine Ernährungsumstellung. Im CT konnte nach diesen Maßnahmen eine Besserung des Befunds festgestellt werden.