bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New jet feature in the parsec-scale jet of the blazar OJ 287 connected to the 2017 teraelectronvolt flaring activity
Authors: Lico R. , Casadio C. , Jorstad S. G. , Gómez J. L. , Marscher A. P. , Traianou E. , Kim J.-Y. , Zhao G.-Y. , Fuentes A. , Cho I. , Krichbaum T. P. , Hervet O. , O’Brien S. , Boccardi B. , Myserlis I. , Agudo I. , Alberdi A. , Weaver Z. R. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: February 2022

Context.In February 2017 the blazar OJ 287, one of the best super-massive binary-black-hole-system candidates, was detected for the first time at very high energies (VHEs;E > 100 GeV) with the ground-basedγ-ray observatory VERITAS.Aims.Very high energyγrays are thought to be produced in the near vicinity of the central engine in active galactic nuclei. For this reason, and with the main goal of providing useful information for the characterization of the physical mechanisms connected with the observed teraelectronvolt flaring event, we investigate the parsec-scale source properties by means of high-resolution very long baseline interferometry observations.Methods.We use 86 GHz Global Millimeter-VLBI Array (GMVA) observations from 2015 to 2017 and combine them with additional multiwavelength radio observations at different frequencies from other monitoring programs. We investigate the source structure by modeling the brightness distribution with two-dimensional Gaussian components in the visibility plane.Results.In the GMVA epoch following the source VHE activity, we find a new jet feature (labeled K) at ∼0.2 mas from the core region and located in between two quasi-stationary components (labeled S1 and S2). Multiple periods of enhanced activity are detected at different radio frequencies before and during the VHE flaring state.Conclusions.Based on the findings of this work, we identify as a possible trigger for the VHE flaring emission during the early months of 2017 the passage of a new jet feature through a recollimation shock (represented by the model-fit component S1) in a region of the jet located at a de-projected distance of ∼10 pc from the radio core.
Hydrothiolation of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes through Er(OTf)3-Promoted Three-Component Ring-Opening Reaction
Authors: Werz Daniel B. , Balalaie Saeed , Hosseini S. Sina , Abdi Aida , Nikbakht Ali , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Rominger Frank 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA novel ring-opening reaction of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) through a one-pot three-component nucleophilic addition of amines, CS2, and DACs has been described. New γ-dithiocarbamate dialkyl malonate skeletons were obtained in up to 97% yield.
Amino Imidate Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Ketones and Nitroalkenes
Authors: Clarke Paul A. , Sosunovych Bohdan , Brown Alexander J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe efficiency of an amino imidate organocatalyst was evaluated in the Michael reaction of ketones with nitroalkenes. tert-Butyl­ l-proline imidate was found to be a syn-selective catalyst, generating products with moderate to good enantioselectivities of up to 84% ee. The best substrates were found to be cyclic ketones and β-nitrostyrenes. The catalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity were enhanced by the addition of 10 mol% of benzoic acid.
Beyond the Bioorthogonal Inverse-Electron-Demand Diels–Alder Reactions of Tetrazines: 2-Pyrone-Functionalized Fluorogenic Probes
Authors: Cserép Gergely B. , Kele Péter , Németh Krisztina , Szatmári Ágnes , Horváth Flóra , Imre Tímea , Németh Krisztina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe applicability of pyrones as a bioorthogonal platform was explored in inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reactions with a strained cyclooctyne. Studies showed that the pyrones are indeed suitable for IEDDA reactions under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the stable pyrone moiety could be utilized to construct easily accessible fluorogenic probes. Mutual orthogonality of the IEDDA reaction of 2-pyrones with SPAAC reactions of azides was also explored.
Financial Literacy and Physician Wellness: Can a Financial Curriculum Improve an Obstetrician/Gynecologist Resident and Fellow's Well-Being?
Authors: Cawyer Chase R. , Blanchard Christina , Kim Kenneth H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a financial literacy curriculum on resident and fellow's sense of well-being and financial stress.
Study Design This single institution pilot study prospectively enrolled obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) medical trainees (residents and fellows) to take part in a five-part personal financial literacy curriculum during the 2019 to 2020 academic year. Topics covered included the following: financial education and its relationship to personal well-being, overview of financial terms and principles, budgeting, debt planning, and investing and giving. Primary outcomes were the improvement in well-being as measured by the Expanded Well-Being Index (E-WBI) and financial stress as measured by the Financial Stress Scale-College Version (FSS-CV) survey.
Results Of the 35 residents and fellows who participated in the study, 21 (60%) completed the postintervention survey. After course completion, there was significant improvement in the individual's E-WBI (p < 0.05) and no significant improvement in their FSS-CV (p = 0.06). After completing the course, trainees agreed that financial literacy improved their sense of well-being (p = 0.018).
Conclusion Cultivating financial literacy is associated with an improvement in the sense of well-being in residents and fellows and should be considered for inclusion in other graduate medical education (GME) programs.
The Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure and Cone Conundrum: The Role of Cumulative Excised Depth in Predicting Preterm Birth
Authors: Panelli Danielle M. , Wood Rachel L. , Elias Kevin M. , Growdon Whitfield B. , Kaimal Anjali J. , Feldman Sarah , McElrath Thomas F. 
Published: February 2022

Objective The objective was to determine factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks in a cohort of patients who underwent a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or cone prior to pregnancy.
Study Design This was a nested case-control study within a cohort of patients who underwent at least one LEEP or cone and had care for the next singleton pregnancy at either of two institutions between 1994 and 2014. Cases had spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks. Exposures included potential risk factors for preterm birth such as cumulative depth of excised cervix and time since excision. Reverse stepwise selection was used to identify the covariates for multivariable logistic regression.
Results A total of 134 patients were included. Eighteen (13%) had a spontaneous preterm birth at less than 37 weeks. Median second-trimester cervical lengths were similar between those who delivered preterm and term (3.9-cm preterm and 3.6-cm term, p = 0.69). Patients who delivered preterm had a significantly greater median total excised depth of cervix (1.2 vs. 0.8 cm, p = 0.04). After adjustment for confounders, total excised depth remained significantly associated with preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–3.8).
Conclusion Total excised depth should be considered in addition to cervical length screening when managing subsequent pregnancies.
Key Points
Stochastic dynamics of growing Young diagrams and their limit shapes
Authors: Krapivsky P L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate a class of Young diagrams growing via the addition of unit cells and satisfying the constraint that the height difference between adjacent columns ⩾r. In the long time limit, appropriately re-scaled Young diagrams approach a limit shape that we compute for each integer r ⩾ 0. We also determine limit shapes of ‘diffusively’ growing Young diagrams satisfying the same constraint and evolving through the addition and removal of cells that proceed with equal rates.
High-dimensional linear regression via implicit regularization
Authors: Zhao Peng , Yang Yun , He Qiao-Chu 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMany statistical estimators for high-dimensional linear regression are $M$-estimators, formed through minimizing a data-dependent square loss function plus a regularizer. This work considers a new class of estimators implicitly defined through a discretized gradient dynamic system under overparameterization. We show that, under suitable restricted isometry conditions, overparameterization leads to implicit regularization: if we directly apply gradient descent to the residual sum of squares with sufficiently small initial values then, under some proper early stopping rule, the iterates converge to a nearly sparse rate-optimal solution that improves over explicitly regularized approaches. In particular, the resulting estimator does not suffer from extra bias due to explicit penalties, and can achieve the parametric root-$n$ rate when the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high. We also perform simulations to compare our methods with high-dimensional linear regression with explicit regularization. Our results illustrate the advantages of using implicit regularization via gradient descent after overparameterization in sparse vector estimation.
Responses of Coastal Ecosystems to Climate Change: Insights from Long-Term Ecological Research
Authors: Reed Daniel C , Schmitt Russell J , Burd Adrian B , Burkepile Deron E , Kominoski John S , McGlathery Karen J , Miller Robert J , Morris James T , Zinnert Julie C 
Published: February 2022

abstractCoastal ecosystems play a disproportionately large role in society, and climate change is altering their ecological structure and function, as well as their highly valued goods and services. In the present article, we review the results from decade-scale research on coastal ecosystems shaped by foundation species (e.g., coral reefs, kelp forests, coastal marshes, seagrass meadows, mangrove forests, barrier islands) to show how climate change is altering their ecological attributes and services. We demonstrate the value of site-based, long-term studies for quantifying the resilience of coastal systems to climate forcing, identifying thresholds that cause shifts in ecological state, and investigating the capacity of coastal ecosystems to adapt to climate change and the biological mechanisms that underlie it. We draw extensively from research conducted at coastal ecosystems studied by the US Long Term Ecological Research Network, where long-term, spatially extensive observational data are coupled with shorter-term mechanistic studies to understand the ecological consequences of climate change.
Unintended Consequences? The Effects of Neighbourhood Walkability on Crime in Nine US Cities
Authors: Wo James C , Kim Young-An 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe criminological literature suggests that neighbourhood walkability might produce unintended consequences, namely that walkability is associated with higher crime rates because it affords potential offenders an abundance of weakly guarded targets. To address this proposition, we investigate linear and nonlinear effects of walkability using a sample of block groups located across nine US cities. Results from our negative binomial regression models show that an index of walkability is associated with higher crime rates and that these effects are robust across cities. We also estimate crime models that test the main effects of the four indicators which comprise the walkability index, because of the recognition that certain dimensions of walkability might have a greater impact on crime.
Template Attack Assisted Linear Cryptanalysis on Outer Rounds Protected DES Implementations
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Yang Wei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In practice, when the security of a block cipher implementation is considered, the leakages related to the outer rounds encryptions can be used by side channel attacks (SCA) to recover the secret key. Therefore, the outer rounds of block cipher implementations should be protected. However, in order to lower the implementation price, the inner rounds of block cipher implementations may be unprotected. In light of this, the security of an outer rounds protected DES implementation is considered. In detail, template attack (TA), which is information theoretically the strongest SCA style, can be used to obtain the inner round output. Then, linear cryptanalysis (LC) can be used to recover the secret key. Finally, the optimal key enumeration algorithm can be used to optimize the efficiency of TA assisted LC. We evaluate the efficiency of TA assisted LC in simulated scenarios where a three outer rounds protected DES implementation is targeted. The evaluation results show that when 800 correct samples are available and the number of key enumeration is $2^{10}$, the efficiency of TA assisted LC can reach 83% of success rate. Overall, an efficient combination attack style that can be used to accurately evaluate the security of an outer rounds protected DES implementation is proposed.
The Clinical Significance of Eosinophils in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mookhoek Aart , Haasnoot Maria L , Bredenoord Albert J , Ma Christopher , Jairath Vipul , Pai Rish K 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsUlcerative colitis [UC] is characterised by an unpredictable disease course and variable response to therapy. Recent studies suggest a role for eosinophils in both pathogenesis and predicting treatment response. The goal of this study was to determine the association between eosinophils and clinical outcomes in UC.MethodsA systematic review of the literature from database inception to May 2021 was performed to identify all studies evaluating the relationship between eosinophils and/or eosinophil-derived proteins [EDPs] and clinical outcomes, such as disease activity, clinical relapse, severity of disease, and response to treatment.ResultsA total of 55 studies were identified. Of these, 34 studies evaluated the relationship between eosinophils in colonic tissue and outcomes and 15 in blood. Eighteen studies assessed the relationship between EDPs and outcomes. In 25 of 34 studies, a positive correlation between eosinophils and/or EDPs and disease activity was reported, three studies found a negative correlation, and nine studies found no correlation. Positive correlations between eosinophils and clinical relapse were shown in four of nine studies, and with disease outcome severity in five of seven studies. Four of 15 studies showed that subjects with higher eosinophil levels had a poor response to treatment.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that higher eosinophil levels may be associated with increased disease activity and poorer clinical outcomes and response to therapy. Future studies are needed to determine whether a distinct eosinophil-rich UC phenotype exists and whether eosinophil-targeted therapy can alter the disease course.
Applications of solar PV tree systems with different design aspects and performance assessment
Authors: Cuce Pinar Mert , Saxena Abhishek , Cuce Erdem , Riffat Saffa 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Solar energy is deemed as the most abundant, reliable, eco-friendly and totally free resource of energy. There is a wide range of techniques to harness solar energy for different purposes. Among all the available methods, direct conversion of sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) phenomenon is the most mature and popular process. Progress of PV technology in market is perspicuous; however, it has still some drawbacks such as notable land requirement in cities, energy conversion efficiencies that already reached the theoretical limits and social acceptance issues due to aesthetic details. To overcome the aforesaid challenges, solar PV tree concept has been recently developed, and the simplicity, compact structure and elegance of this novel technology have been in the focus of researchers. Within the scope of this review, the concept of solar PV tree has been extensively investigated in terms of various design aspects and potential applications. Current performance characteristics of solar PV tree systems and power management strategies in real applications have been discussed. Challenges involved with the solar PV tree technology have also been addressed as well as suggestions on the direction of further works.
Temporal logic for social networks
Authors: Machado Vitor , Benevides Mario 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces a logic with a class of social network models that is based on standard Linear Temporal Logic, which allows for leveraging the power of existing model checkers for the analysis of social networks. We provide a short literature overview, and then define our logic and its axiomatization, present some simple motivational examples of both models and formulas and show its soundness and completeness via a translation into propositional formulas. Lastly, we discuss model checking, time complexity analysis and a Susceptible–Infectious–Recovered model variation for infectious diseases.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 attenuates chronic kidney disease progression in a 5/6 nephrectomy mouse model through the excretion of anti-inflammatory molecules
Authors: Tungsanga Somkanya , Katavetin Pisut , Panpetch Wimonrat , Udompornpitak Kanyarat , Saisorn Wilasinee , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Tungsanga Kriang , Tumwasorn Somying , Leelahavanichkul Asada 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Although pathogenic gut microbiota causes gut leakage, increases translocation of uremic toxins into circulation and accelerates CKD progression, the local strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 might attenuate gut leakage. We explored the effects of L34 on kidney fibrosis and levels of gut-derived uremic toxins (GDUTs) in 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) mice.

Methods
At 6 weeks post-5/6Nx in mice, either L34 (1 × 106 CFU) or phosphate buffer solution (as 5/6Nx control) was fed daily for 14 weeks. In vitro, the effects of L34-conditioned media with or without indoxyl sulfate (a representative GDUT) on inflammation and cell integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance; TEER) were assessed in Caco-2 (enterocytes). In parallel, the effects on proinflammatory cytokines and collagen expression were assessed in HK2 proximal tubular cells.

Results
At 20 weeks post-5/6Nx, L34-treated mice showed significantly fewer renal injuries, as evaluated by (i) kidney fibrosis area (P &lt; 0.01) with lower serum creatinine and proteinuria, (ii) GDUT including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) (P = 0.02) and indoxyl sulfate (P &lt; 0.01) and (iii) endotoxin (P = 0.03) and serum TNF-α (P = 0.01) than 5/6Nx controls. Fecal microbiome analysis revealed an increased proportion of Bacteroidetes in 5/6Nx controls. After incubation with indoxyl sulfate, Caco-2 enterocytes had higher interleukin-8 and nuclear factor κB expression and lower TEER values, and HK2 cells demonstrated higher gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and collagen (types III and IV). These indoxyl sulfate–activated parameters were attenuated with L34-conditioned media, indicating the protective role of L34 in enterocyte integrity and renal fibrogenesis.

Conclusion
L34 attenuated uremia-induced systemic inflammation by reducing GDUTs and gut leakage that provided renoprotective effects in CKD.
Taxonomic and functional coherence of active and dormant zooplankton communities between perennial and temporary aquatic environments
Authors: de Lima Sorana Karenina AntÔnia Francisquini , Setubal Rayanne Barros , Vargas Anderson , Farias Daniel da Silva , Sodré Elder de Oliveira , Nova Clarice Casa , Bozelli Reinaldo Luiz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We characterized the functional and taxonomic composition of the active and dormant communities from perennial lagoons and temporary ponds in a coastal plain. We sought to determine the degree of coherence between the egg bank and the active community within the same type of environment (temporary or perennial) and between environments subject to different hydrological cycles. We sampled the zooplankton community and environmental variables in six temporary ponds and five perennial lagoons in the dry and the wet periods of the hydrological cycle. Temporary ponds and perennial lagoons differed in abiotic conditions, with higher values of dissolved carbon in temporary ponds and higher values of salinity in perennial lagoons. The taxonomic coherence between active and dormant communities in temporary environments was greater than in perennial environments. In functional terms, we observed a high coherence between active and dormant communities for both types of environments. Our results highlight the need to conserve both temporary and perennial environments to assure the maintenance of zooplankton diversity. Although these environments are subject to the same set of climatic variables and pool of species, their idiosyncrasies are important forces promoting and sustaining biological diversity.
Phytophthora capsici Populations Are Structured by Host, Geography, and Fluopicolide Sensitivity
Authors: Parada-Rojas Camilo H. , Quesada-Ocampo Lina M. 
Published: February 2022

Phytophthora capsici epidemics are propelled by warm temperatures and wet conditions. With temperatures and inland flooding in many locations worldwide expected to rise as a result of global climate change, understanding of population structure can help to inform management of P. capsici in the field and prevent devastating epidemics. Thus, we investigated the effect of host crop, geographical origin, fungicide sensitivity, and mating type on shaping the population structure of P. capsici in the eastern United States. Our fungicide in vitro assays identified the emergence of insensitive isolates for fluopicolide and mefenoxam. A set of 12 microsatellite markers proved informative to assign 157 P. capsici isolates to five distinct genetic clusters. Implementation of Bayesian structure, population differentiation, genetic diversity statistics, and index of association analysis, allowed us to identify population structure by host with some correspondence with genetic clusters for cucumber and squash isolates. We found weak population structure by state for geographically close isolates. In this study, we discovered that North Carolina populations stratify by fluopicolide sensitivity with insensitive isolates experiencing nonrandom mating. Our findings highlight the need for careful monitoring of local field populations, improved selection of relevant isolates for breeding efforts, and hypervigilant surveillance of resistance to different fungicides.
PAs' skills in providing vision and ocular care
Authors: Lee Benjamin , McCall Timothy C. , Smith Noël E. , Srikumaran Divya 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate characteristics, training, and self-reported skills and abilities in vision and ocular care among PAs not specializing in ophthalmology.

Methods:
A survey on PA practice was administered to 5,763 randomly selected US-based PAs, and 537 respondents who completed the survey were invited to complete a separate vision and ocular care survey. Of those respondents, 382 completed the vision and ocular care survey.

Results:
Among respondents, 23% of PAs were involved in eyecare by providing patient information, answering questions, and initiating discussions about vision care and ocular health more than once per month. More than 77% received vision and ocular care training in and/or outside PA training. PAs involved in eyecare had significantly greater odds of reporting higher desired and current skill and ability levels compared with PAs not involved in eyecare, in six of eight vision and ocular care domains.

Conclusions:
PAs who do not practice in ophthalmology provide vision and ocular care but have varying amounts of training and desire higher skill and ability levels. Ophthalmologists and PA institutions may develop vision and ocular care training for PA schools and continuing medical education.