bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and oxygen reduction performance of nitrogen-doped cotton stalk-derived carbon
Authors: Sun Akang , Liu Yuemei , Ma Junhong , Yang Lijing , Wang Yuanhao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key step in the operation of fuel cells and metal air cells, which needs some economic and efficient catalysts to improve its reaction kinetics process. In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) catalyst material was prepared by one-step high-temperature pyrolysis with biomass waste cotton stalk as carbon/nitrogen precursor material and urea as auxiliary nitrogen source. The effect of temperature on the structure and performance of the prepared N-C catalyst was investigated. The experimental results show that a small temperature change of 25°C will cause a significant change in the structure of N-C material. N-C-900 samples prepared at 900°C had a larger specific surface area of 620 m2 g−1, significantly improved graphitization degree and nitrogen content (7.30 at%) and showed significantly better ORR performance than other samples in alkaline medium. The ORR activity of N-C-900 sample is the best, indicated by the highest Eonset (0.92 V) and E1/2 (0.85 V) of ORR, which are positively shifted by 20 and 30 mV compared with commercial Pt/C. Its ORR initial potential and half-wave potential are similar to those of commercial Pt/C, and it shows better ORR stability and methanol resistance than Pt/C.
Research on low-carbon supply chain decision-making under carbon cap-and-trade and subsidy policy
Authors: Peng XinXin , Tao YuHong , Wang ChunMei , Zhong Zhen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnder the background of carbon cap and carbon subsidy policies implemented by the government, considering a low-carbon supply chain led by a manufacturer and followed by a retailer, the market demand is influenced by the level of emission reduction and promotion of low-carbon products. Stackelberg game theory is used to construct four models, one with no carbon cap and three with a carbon cap respectively. And we get the equilibrium solutions of the degree of emission reduction, degree of promotion, sharing ratio, market demand, manufacturer and retailer profit of low-carbon products. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the MKM model is the optimal one in which the government implements carbon cap and carbon subsidy policies and the manufacturer shares the cost of low-carbon promotion. In this model, the degree of manufacturer’s emission reduction is positively correlated with the influence coefficient of low-carbon emission reduction, manufacturer’s marginal revenue, government unit subsidy for low-carbon emission reduction and the initial price of carbon trading. Meanwhile, it is negatively correlated with the government’s carbon emission quota, elastic coefficient of carbon emission quota and the cost coefficient of low-carbon emission reduction. The results are closely related to the government unit subsidies for low-carbon emission reduction and the government carbon allowances. The manufacturer is more willing to accept the MKM model only when they exceed a certain threshold. Finally, the validity of the models would be verified by a numerical example.
Characterization of Casirivimab Plus Imdevimab, Sotrovimab, and Bamlanivimab Plus Etesevimab-Derived Interference in Serum Protein Electrophoresis and Immunofixation Electrophoresis
Authors: Scholl Ashley Rose , Korentzelos Dimitrios , Forns Taylor E , Brenneman Ethan K , Kelm Matthew , Datto Michael , Wheeler Sarah E , Carlsen Eric D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be a source of assay interference in clinical serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), producing monoclonal bands that can be misinterpreted as a monoclonal gammopathy related to a B-cell or plasma cell neoplasm. The extent to which new anti-COVID-19 monoclonal antibodies produce this interference is unknown.

Methods
Casirivimab plus imdevimab, sotrovimab, and bamlanivimab plus etesevimab were spiked into patient serum samples to evaluate for SPEP/IFE interference, to characterize the position of therapy-derived bands relative to a reference band (either combined beta band or beta 1 band, depending on instrument platform), and to confirm heavy and light chain utilization of each medication. Serum samples from patients who had recently received casirivimab plus imdevimab or sotrovimab were also evaluated for comparison.

Results
When spiked into serum samples, all tested anti-COVID-19 monoclonal antibodies generated interference in SPEP/IFE. Importantly, the patterns of interference differed between spiked serum samples and serum from patients who had recently received casirivimab plus imdevimab or sotrovimab.

Conclusions
Imdevimab can be added to the growing list of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that produce sustained interference in SPEP/IFE. Although casirivimab and sotrovimab also produce assay interference in vitro, these antibodies are not reliably detected in serum from recently infused patients. The value of relative band position in recognizing bands that may represent therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is also emphasized. Clinicians and laboratorians should consider therapeutic monoclonal antibody interference in diagnostic SPEP/IFE and review a patient’s medication list when new or transient monoclonal bands are identified.
Acute exposure of minimally oxLDL elicits survival responses by downregulating the mediators of NLRP3 inflammasome in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Thankam Finosh G , Khwaja Bisma , Nguyen Megan , Ahsan Osama , Agrawal Devendra K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lipid burden in macrophages driven by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) accelerates the foam cell formation and the activation of sterile inflammatory responses aggravating the atherosclerosis. However, there is limited information on the mediators and the pathways involved in the possible survival responses, especially at the initial phase, by lipid burden in macrophage cells on encountering oxLDL. The present study was designed to assess the expression status of major mediators involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway of sterile inflammation and the cellular responses in oxLDL-challenged cultured RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. OxLDL-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells displayed a decreased expression of the key sterile inflammatory mediators, TLR4, TLR2, ASC, NLRP3 and IL-18 at protein and transcript levels; however, they displayed increased level of IL-1β, RAGE and TREM1 at protein level. Biological responses including lipid uptake, lipid peroxidation, cellular hypertrophy, mitochondrial density and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly increased in oxLDL-treated macrophages. Moreover, superoxide production was significantly decreased in the oxLDL-treated macrophages compared to the control. Overall, the findings revealed the expression status of key sterile mediators and the macrophage response during the initial phase of oxLDL exposure tend towards the prevention of inflammation. Further understanding would open novel translational opportunities in the management of atherosclerosis.
Three-dimensionally visualized rhizoid system of moss, Physcomitrium patens, by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography
Authors: Yamaura Ryohei , Tamaoki Daisuke , Kamachi Hiroyuki , Yamauchi Daisuke , Mineyuki Yoshinobu , Uesugi Kentaro , Hoshino Masato , Suzuki Tomomi , Shimazu Toru , Kasahara Haruo , Kamada Motoshi , Hanba Yuko T , Kume Atsushi , Fujita Tomomichi , Karahara Ichirou 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Land plants have two types of shoot-supporting systems, root system and rhizoid system, in vascular plants and bryophytes. However, since the evolutionary origin of the systems is different, how much they exploit common systems or distinct systems to architect their structures is largely unknown. To understand the regulatory mechanism of how bryophytes architect the rhizoid system responding to environmental factors, we have developed the methodology to visualize and quantitatively analyze the rhizoid system of the moss, Physcomitrium patens, in 3D. The rhizoids having a diameter of 21.3 µm on the average were visualized by refraction-contrast X-ray micro-computed tomography using coherent X-ray optics available at synchrotron radiation facility SPring-8. Three types of shape (ring-shape, line and black circle) observed in tomographic slices of specimens embedded in paraffin were confirmed to be the rhizoids by optical and electron microscopy. Comprehensive automatic segmentation of the rhizoids, which appeared in three different form types in tomograms, was tested by a method using a Canny edge detector or machine learning. The accuracy of output images was evaluated by comparing with the manually segmented ground truth images using measures such as F1 score and Intersection over Union, revealing that the automatic segmentation using machine learning was more effective than that using the Canny edge detector. Thus, machine learning-based skeletonized 3D model revealed quite dense distribution of rhizoids. We successfully visualized the moss rhizoid system in 3D for the first time.
Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: causative factors and possible interventions
Authors: Jones Isobel C , Dass Crispin R 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Doxorubicin (Dox) belongs to the anthracycline drug classification and is a widely administered chemotherapeutic. However, Dox use in therapy is limited by its cardiotoxicity, representing a significant drawback of Dox treatment applicability. A large amount of current research is on reducing Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by developing targeted delivery systems and investigating cardiotoxicity mechanisms. Recently, discrepancies have challenged the traditional understanding of Dox metabolism, mechanisms of action and cardiotoxicity drivers. This review summarises the current knowledge around Dox’s metabolism, mechanisms of anticancer activity, and delivery systems and offers a unique perspective on the relationships between several proposed mechanisms of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.

Key findings
While there is a strong understanding of Dox’s pharmacokinetic properties, it is unclear which enzymes contribute to Dox metabolism and how Dox induces its cytotoxic effect in neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Evidence suggests that there are several potentially synergistic mechanisms involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.

Summary
It has become clear that Dox operates in a multifactorial fashion dependent on cellular context. Accumulation of oxidative stress appears to be a common factor in cardiotoxicity mechanisms, highlighting the importance of novel delivery systems and antioxidant therapies.
Comparison of acute gastrointestinal toxicities between 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy including prophylactic regions in chemoradiotherapy with S-1 for pancreatic cancer—importance of dose volume histogram parameters in the stomach as the predictive factors-
Authors: Umezawa Rei , Nakagawa Kei , Mizuma Masamichi , Katsuta Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Shohei , Kadoya Noriyuki , Suzuki Yu , Takeda Kazuya , Takahashi Noriyoshi , Yamamoto Takaya , Unno Michiaki , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities in patients who underwent 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with S-1 including prophylactic regions for pancreatic cancer. We also investigated the predictive factor of acute GI toxicities in dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters. Patients who received CRT with S-1 for pancreatic cancer between January 2014 and March 2021 were included. Radiotherapy (RT) with a total dose of 50-54 Gy was delivered. We examined the differences in the frequencies of acute GI toxicity of grade 2 or higher and DVH parameters of the stomach (ST) and duodenum (DU) between the 3DCRT group and the IMRT group. The RT-related predictive factors of acute GI toxicities were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. There were 25 patients in the 3DCRT group and 31 patients in the IMRT group. The frequencies of acute GI toxicity of G2 or higher were 36% in the 3DCRT group and 9.7% in the IMRT group (p = 0.035). ST V50 was the most predictive factor (p = 0.001), and the incidences of acute GI toxicity of G2 or higher in ST V50 ≥ 4.1 cc and &lt; 4.1cc were 43.7% and 7.7%, respectively. ST V40 was also a significant predictive factor of acute GI toxicity (p = 0.002). IMRT could reduce acute GI toxicities in CRT with S-1 including prophylactic regions for pancreatic cancer. Acute GI toxicities may be affected by moderate to high doses to the ST.
Two unique cases of Bouveret syndrome with review of literature
Authors: Dixon Austin , Williams Michael D , Makiewicz Kristine , Khokar Amna , Bonomo Steven 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bouveret syndrome is a rare form of gallstone ileus in which a proximally lodged gallstone in the duodenum causes a gastric outlet obstruction. It is a rare condition that can be challenging to manage. Although endoscopic management remains first line, a surgical approach can be needed. We present two cases of Bouveret syndrome. A 65-year-old man with oral squamous cell carcinoma treated with endoscopic management and a 63-year-old woman treated with surgery.
Plant environmental sensing relies on specialized plastids
Authors: Mackenzie Sally A , Mullineaux Philip M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In plants, plastids are thought to interconvert to various forms that are specialized for photosynthesis, starch and oil storage, and diverse pigment accumulation. Post-endosymbiotic evolution has led to adaptations and specializations within plastid populations that align organellar functions with different cellular properties in primary and secondary metabolism, plant growth, organ development, and environmental sensing. Here, we review the plastid biology literature in light of recent reports supporting a class of ‘sensory plastids’ that are specialized for stress sensing and signaling. Abundant literature indicates that epidermal and vascular parenchyma plastids display shared features of dynamic morphology, proteome composition, and plastid–nuclear interaction that facilitate environmental sensing and signaling. These findings have the potential to reshape our understanding of plastid functional diversification.
Physiologic Fidelity as a Domain in Assessing Mixed Reality Trauma Simulation
Authors: Evans Andrew J , Russo Christopher M , Tovar Matthew A , Liu Alan , Conley Sean P 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Mixed reality has been used in trauma and emergency medicine simulation for more than a decade. As mixed reality potential in trauma simulation continues to expand, so too does the need to validate it as a surrogate for real-life emergency scenarios. Validation of these simulations can occur by measuring fidelity, or the degree to which a computing system can reproduce real-world experiences. After performing a literature review, we determined that most fidelity assessments of trauma and emergency simulations focus on how the user subjectively experiences the simulation. Although subjective user assessment is an important component of determining fidelity, we pose an introductory three-part framework that may assess mixed reality trauma simulation more adequately.

Materials and Methods
A literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Uniformed Services University PowerER search database. Relevant articles were assessed to identify how studies measured fidelity in trauma simulation. We then designed the three-part framework to aid researchers in assessing the fidelity of mixed reality trauma simulations.

Results
The domains we determined to best assess mixed reality emergency simulation are as follows:
1. Continue assessing fidelity via subjective user assessments. This allows the researcher to know how real the simulation looked and felt to the user based on their individual report.
2. Determine whether the trauma simulation changes the medical decision-making capacity of the user. If the user’s decision-making capacity changes with a stress-inducing trauma simulation versus a non–stress-inducing simulation, then the stress-inducing trauma environment would be approaching greater fidelity.
3. Study the domain of our newly proposed concept: physiologic fidelity. We define physiologic fidelity as the degree to which the simulation elicits a measurable, autonomic response independent of observed emotion or perceived affect. Recreating objective autonomic arousal may be the best way to ensure a trauma simulation reaches fidelity.

Conclusion
We propose a methodology to assess mixed reality trauma simulation fidelity. Once fidelity is more fully known to the researcher and the simulation user, adjustments can be made to approach reality more closely. Improved simulators may enrich the preparedness of both junior and senior learners for real-life emergencies. We believe assessing the three domains using the Wide Area Virtual Experience at the Val G. Hemming simulation center in Bethesda, MD, will validate mixed reality-trauma simulators as invaluable surrogates for real-life emergency scenarios and ultimately contribute to improved clinical outcomes for clinicians and their patients.
Modal compression of the redshift-space galaxy bispectrum
Authors: Byun Joyce , Krause Elisabeth 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We extend the modal decomposition method, previously applied to compress the information in the real-space bispectrum to the anisotropic redshift-space galaxy bispectrum. In the modal method approach, the bispectrum is expanded on a basis of smooth functions of triangles and their orientations, such that a set of modal expansion coefficients can capture the information in the bispectrum. We assume a reference survey and compute Fisher forecasts for the compressed modal bispectrum and two other basis decompositions of the redshift-space bispectrum in the literature, one based on (single) spherical harmonics and another based on tripolar spherical harmonics. In each case, we compare the forecasted constraints from the compressed statistic with forecasted constraints from the full uncompressed bispectrum which includes all triangles and orientations. Our main result is that all three compression methods achieve good recovery of the full information content of the bispectrum, but the modal decomposition approach achieves this the most efficiently: only 14 (42) modal expansion coefficients are necessary to obtain constraints that are within 10 (2) per cent of the full bispectrum result. The next most efficient decomposition is the one based on tripolar spherical harmonics, while the spherical harmonic multipoles are the least efficient.
Superhumps in the cataclysmic variable BG Triangulum
Authors: Stefanov S Y , Latev G , Boeva S , Moyseev M 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed photometric study of the bright cataclysmic variable, BG Triangulum (BG Tri), using ground-based observations mainly from the Rozhen Observatory, the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the Wide Angle Search for Planets (WASP). We report on the discovery of a negative superhump with P−sh = 0.1515(2) d and a co-existing superorbital variation with P = 3.94(53) d in data from 2019 and 2020. A positive superhump with P+sh = 0.1727(14) d is also discovered in data from 2006. The obtained negative superhump deficit ε− = 0.044(1) and the positive superhump excess ε+ = 0.090(9) give us an independent photometric evaluation of the mass ratio (q) of the system, which we find to be q− = 0.37(2) and q+ = 0.40(5), respectively. We also present a study of the quasi-periodic oscillations and stochastic variability (flickering) in BG Tri. The light curves show a rich mixture of simultaneously overlapping quasi-periods ranging from 5 to 25 min. The multicolour (UBVRI) photometric observations from the Rozhen Observatory reveal the typical increase of the flickering amplitudes to the shorter wavelengths. The recently introduced A60 amplitude of the flickering light source in all studied photometric bands is systematically lower when the negative superhump is gone in season 2021.
H i properties of satellite galaxies around local volume hosts
Authors: Karunakaran Ananthan , Spekkens Kristine , Carroll Rhys , Sand David J , Bennet Paul , Crnojević Denija , Jones Michael G , Mutlu-Pakdıl Burçın 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
We present neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) observations using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope along the lines of sight to 49 confirmed or possible dwarf satellite galaxies around eight Local Volume systems (M104, M51, NGC 1023, NGC 1156, NGC 2903, NGC 4258, NGC 4565, and NGC 4631). We detect the H i reservoirs of two candidates (dw0934+2204 and dw1238−1122) and find them to be background sources relative to their nearest foreground host systems. The remaining 47 satellite candidates are not detected in H i, and we place stringent 5σ upper limits on their H i mass. We note that some (15/47) of our non-detections stem from satellites being occluded by their putative host’s H i emission. In addition to these new observations, we compile literature estimates on the H i mass for an additional 17 satellites. We compare the H i properties of these satellites to those within the Local Group, finding broad agreement between them. Crucially, these observations probe a ‘transition’ region between −10 ≳ MV ≳ −14 where we see a mixture of gas-rich and gas-poor satellites. While there are many gas-poor satellites within this region, some are gas-rich and this suggests that the transition towards predominantly gas-rich satellites occurs at LV ∼ 107L⊙, in line with simulations. The observations presented here are a key step toward characterizing the properties of dwarf satellite galaxies around Local Volume systems and future wide-field radio surveys with higher angular resolution (e.g. WALLABY) will vastly improve upon the study of such systems.
Magnetic support for neutrino-driven explosion of 3D non-rotating core-collapse supernova models
Authors: Matsumoto J , Asahina Y , Takiwaki T , Kotake K , Takahashi H R 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
The impact of the magnetic field on post-bounce supernova dynamics of non-rotating stellar cores is studied by performing 3D magnetohydrodynamics simulations with spectral neutrino transport. The explodability of strongly and weakly magnetized models of 20 and 27 M⊙ pre-supernova progenitors are compared. We find that although the efficiency for the conversion of the neutrino heating into turbulent energy including magnetic fields in the gain region is not significantly different between the strong and weak field models, the amplified magnetic field due to the neutrino-driven convection on large hot bubbles just behind stalled shock results in a faster and more energetic explosion in the strongly magnetized models. In addition, by comparing the difference between the 2nd- and 5th-order spatial accuracy of the simulation in the strong field model for 27 M⊙ progenitor, we also find that the higher order accuracy in space is beneficial to the explosion because it enhances the growth of neutrino-driven convection in the gain region. Based on our results of core-collapse supernova simulations for the non-rotating model, a new possibility for the origin of the magnetic field of the protoneutron star (PNS) is proposed. The magnetic field is accumulated and amplified to magnetar level, that is, $\mathcal {O}(10^{14})$ G, in the convectively stable shell near the PNS surface.