bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content Analysis Identifies Nuanced Critical Steps in Hirschsprung Disease (HD) Surgery Which Prevent Disabling Incontinence and Improve Outcomes
Authors: Doolin Edward J , Richards William O 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Recently, poor function after Hirschprung’s Surgery has become more common. We hypothesized that accurate construction of the anorectal cuff and inclusion of certain technical elements would correlate with improved long-term function.Methods:: Anoscopy was performed in dysfunctional patients to measure Anorectal cuff area (CA) reported as the distance from the dentate line to the suture line. Using content analysis, a blinded observer abstracted nine technical elements from operative reports. Function was recorded from 1-3 years post-operative and classified as a) normal bowel function (NBF), b) constipation or c) incontinence. The association the outcomes was determined for each technical element.Results: CA in 12 incontinent and 8 constipated patients measured 8.75mm2 [0-22) and 60.75mm2 (32-160) respectively. 92 charts were reviewed resulting in 58 patients. NBF was found in 36 (62%), 11 (20%) had constipation and 11 (20%) had incontinence. 5 elements in the operative reports corelated with NBF. When all 5 were documented, 23/26 (89%) reported NBF while if none were recorded only 3/19 (16 %) had NBF. Conclusion: Short CA (<22mm2) is associated with incontinence while long CA (>32mm2) is associated with constipation. Procedural components identified by content analysis are key to provide an optimal anorectal cuff preventing incontinence.
Network Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Finerenone Versus SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Yaofu , Jiang Li , Wang Junheng , Wang Tongxin , Chien Chieh , Huang Weijun , Fu Xiaozhe , Xiao Yonghua , Fu Qiang , Wang Shidong , Zhao Jinxi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular and renal benefits of finerenone, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with network meta-analysis.Methods: Systematic literature searches were conducted of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline and Embase covering January 1, 2000 to December 30, 2021. Randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing finerenone, SGLT-2i and GLP-1 RA in diabetics with CKD were selected. We performed a network meta-analysis to compare the three drugs indirectly. Results were reported as risk ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: In all, 17 RCTs were selected, including 51,496 patients. Finerenone reduced the risk of renal events and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) (RR [95%CI]; 0.86 [0.79–0.93], 0.79 [0.67,0.92], respectively). SGLT-2i were associated with reduced risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (RR [95%CI]; 0.84 [0.78–0.90]), renal events (RR [95%CI]; 0.67 [0.60–0.74], HHF (RR [95%CI]; 0.60 [0.53–0.68]), all-cause death (ACD) (RR [95%CI]; 0.89 [0.81–0.91]) and cardiovascular death (CVD) (RR [95%CI]; 0.86 [0.77–0.96]) compared to placebo. GLP-1 RA were associated with a lower risk of MACE (RR [95%CI]; 0.88 [0.80–0.97]). As for renal outcomes and HHF, SGLT2i had significant effect in comparison to finerenone (RR [95%CI]; 1.29 [1.13–1.47], 1.31 [1.07–1.61], respectively) and GLP-1 RA (RR [95%CI]; 1.36 [1.16–1.59], 1.49 [1.18–1.89], respectively). Compared with placebo, there was a trend toward reduction in ACD with finerenone (RR [95%CI]; 0.90 [0.80–1.00]). GLP-1 RA did not reduce the risk of renal events, HHF, CVD and ACD, but the analysis based on chemical structure showed that a GLP-1 analogues, liraglutide (RR [95%CI]; 0.79 [0.67–0.92], 0.69 [0.52–0.90], 0.76 [0.62–0.93], respectively) showed significant effect in HHF, CVD and ACD, while an exendin-4 analogues, exenatide (RR [95%CI]; 1.10 [0.83–1.46], 1.19 [0.84–1.69], 1.10 [0.87–1.39], respectively), did not.Conclusions: In patients with T2DM and CKD, finerenone led to a risk reduction in renal events and HHF, SGLT2i were associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular and renal events. GLP-1 RA were associated with a decreased risk of MACE. Among GLP-1 RA, GLP-1 analogues showed significantly reduced cardiovascular events compared with exendin-4 analogues.
LncRNA GALNT5 uaRNA promotes cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer via NF- κB/MDR1/MRP1/ pathway
Authors: Zhong Zhiqiang , Bai RiXing , Xu Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To clarify the function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GALNT5 uaRNA in cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer and its potential mechanism. The expression levels were also detected in cisplatin resistant colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116/DDP and HT29/DDP cells) and sensitive colorectal cancer cell lines. The effects of GALNT5 uaRNA on apoptosis of HCT116/DDP and HT29/DDP cells were examined by flow cytometry assay respectively. The protein levels of drug resistance related genes influenced by GALNT5 uaRNA were detected by Western blot. The cells of siNC, sIGALNT5 uaRNA, Vector and GALNT5 uaRNA cells groups from HCT116/DDP and HT29/DDP cells were injected into dorsal flanks of the mice repectively. Higher GALNT5 uaRNA expression was observed in HCT116/DDP and HT29/DDP cells relative to that of their parental cells. The apoptotic rate increased in HCT116/DDP and HT29/DDP cells with GALNT5 uaRNA knockdown compared to the cells with control group. Furthermore, the expression levels of MDR1, MRP1 and p-NF-κB were decreased in HCT116/DDP and HT29/DDP cells with GALNT5 uaRNA knockdown compared to the cells with control group. The apoptotic rate decreased in HCT116/DDP and HT29/DDP cells with GALNT5 uaRNA overexpression. Furthermore, the expression levels of MDR1, MRP1 and p-NF-κB were increased in HCT116/DDP cells with GALNT5 uaRNA overexpression compared to the cells with control group. The tumors in the HCT116/DDP/siGANLNT5 uaRNAgroup were smaller and lighter than those in the HCT116/DDP/siNC. In a word GALNT5 uaRNA promotes cisplatin resistance by MDR1/MRP1/NF-κB pathway.
Microgel emulsion loaded with recombinant oil body as a new drug delivery carrier to promote wound repair
Authors: Lan Xinxin , Shuangzhu Lin , Shihui Guan , Li Jing , Qiang Weidong , Du Linna , zhou Tingting , Dong Yue , Li Xiaokun , Yang Jing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: The skin is an important barrier to protect the body of external damage, there are tens of millions of patients with various skin defects. Due to the complex process of wound repair, it is easy to cause poor healing and other problems. Here, we prepared a new type of transdermal oil body microgel emulsion (OBEME) as a delivery carrier and preliminarily expounded its effect on wound healing. Method: The basic properties of the OBEME were characterized by scanning electron microscope, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, rheology and thermos- gravimetric analysis. Meanwhile, after 90 d of storage at room temperature, the effects of low-speed centrifugation and repeated freeze-thaw cycles on OBEME were investigated by particle size, potential and fluorescence microscopy tests. Through in vivo transdermal experiments and construction of a full-thickness wound model, the pharmacological effects of OBEME were clarified. Results: The OBEME is an interconnected network and presents to be smooth with no presence of pores, at the same time, after 90 d of storage at room temperature, the microstructure showed that the oil bodies remained intact. Unaffected by low-speed centrifugation and repeated freeze-thaw cycles. When OBEME treated the mouse skin for 90min, the EGF content in the mouse skin tissue reached the highest, the skin tissue gap was enlarged, and the skin permeability was enhanced. The wound coverage rate exceeded 98 % after treatment for 15 d with OBEME. After OBEME treatment, the inflammatory factor CD68 in the wound tissue was reduced, and the formation of new blood vessels, cytokeratin K5, K19 and collagen was promoted.Conclusions: The prepared OBEME has good stability, it can alter skin permeability, and promote wound healing by regulating inflammatory response, accelerating angiogenesis, promoting re-epithelialization and remodeling. The OBEME is a new carrier for percutaneous drug delivery, which lays a foundation for the development of new topical drugs.
Identification of the immune infiltration landscape and development of the prognostic signature on cuproptosis-related genes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kang Yihan , Zhao Siqiao , Chang Xu , Huang Jihe , Wang Jin , Chen Yutong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Cuproptosis is a novel mechanism of cell death induced by extra copper that was directly bound with the lipoylated proteins in the TCA cycle and could lead to the dysfunction of the mitochondrion. However, the impact of cuproptosis on TIME in colorectal cancer remains unclear. The investigation of the interplay between cuproptosis and TIME could help us decipher novel strategies for colorectal cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to construct a prognostic signature on immunotherapies and explore the novel patterns of the cuproptosis-related genes(CRGs) in colorectal cancer. Methods: All the analyses were performed by R packages. The biological roles and functional patterns of the CRGs were performed by GO/KEGG analysis. The signature was developed with the prognostic CRGs by LASSO COX regression analysis. TIMER algorithm was selected for the immune cell infiltration analysis and the OCLR algorithm was for calculating the stem cell index. Consensus analysis was used to explore the novel landscape of the CRGs in colorectal cancer. Results: The CRGs mainly participated in the process of the TCA cycle and energy metabolism in colorectal cancer. Five CRGs were identified with prognostic values and the correlation with immune infiltration was also demonstrated, meanwhile, two genes could be independent biomarkers for immunotherapies. By consensus analysis, the CRGs also showed a significant difference in stem cell characteristics.Conclusion: A comprehensive analysis of functional and immune infiltration of CRGs in colorectal cancer was performed. The results also provided evidence for revealing the vulnerabilities in the correlation between cuproptosis and TIME. More data from research trials and experiments are required.
Delta Oscillation Coupled Propagating Fast Ripples Precede Epileptiform Discharges
Authors: Weiss Shennan , Sheybani Laurent , Seenarine Nitish , Fried Itzhak , Sharan Ashwini , Wu Chengyuan , Engel Jerome , Sperling Michael , Nir Yuval , Staba Richard 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Epilepsy can be considered a network disorder in which distinct and sometimes widespread brain regions coordinate their activity to generate seizures. Fast ripples (200-600 Hz) are associated with epileptogenic brain tissue and play critical roles in the epileptic network. Using macroelectrode stereo EEG recordings from a cohort of 46 patients we found that propagating fast ripples exhibited a distinct frequency and larger power (p<1e-4) and were strongly phase coupled to the peak of delta oscillation DOWN states during non-REM sleep (p<1e-10). Fast ripple propagation in the seizure onset zone often was followed by an epileptiform spike (p<0.05). Thus, under the premise that GABA-mediated depolarizing potentials generate fast ripples, our results indicate that fast ripple propagation is representative of increased neuronal recruitment of pathologically interconnected neurons overcoming surround inhibition to activate neighboring pathologic neurons and promote epileptiform discharges. These results support the epileptic network and inhibitory restraint hypotheses of seizure genesis.
Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Poultry Diseases in Zimbabwe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gobvu Vimbai , Pote William , Poshiwa Xavier , Benhura Mudadi Albert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Poultry farming represents an important sector for the livelihood of rural communities in Zimbabwe. Farmers raise poultry in order to meet demands on household food and as additional sources of income. However, the production of birds is hampered by a variety of diseases. The impact of diseases is severe for poor communities who have limited access to modern veterinary services and, therefore, rely on indigenous medicines for the treatment of livestock ailments. Here we review the medicinal plants that are used for the treatment of poultry diseases in Zimbabwe. A systematic web search and review was conducted on research literature relating to medicinal plants that are used for the treatment of poultry diseases in Zimbabwe. Data were collected from a total of 15 Zimbabwean studies meeting specific inclusion criteria. Data from published studies lacking information on study area, scientific names of plants and without information about plants that are used to treat poultry diseases were excluded. Relevant ethnoveterinary information was analysed and summarized in tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Fifty-three plants were used among the non-commercial poultry producers in Zimbabwe. Most of the plants used for treating poultry belonged to the Fabaceae family followed by Solanaceae. Cited in 14 studies, Aloe species were the most widely used plant. Leaves were the most widely used part of the plant for treatment. The most widely used method of preparing plant material for treatment was crushing. Geographical and cross-cultural linkage contributes to knowledge sharing. There is need to conduct more field surveys to document more plants used in different parts of the country. It would be useful to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of the various plant materials under clearly defined experimental conditions. The ultimate aim would be to isolate and identify potentially useful compounds.
Serum biomarkers discovery of steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis in Chinese female by comparative proteome
Authors: Zeng Ping , Zhang Chongxing , Li Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (SONFH) is a disabling, aseptic and ischemic disease due to excessive glucocorticoids (GCs) usage. SONFH patients are commonly asymptomatic, which makes its early diagnosis a challenge, the pathological mechanisms of SONFH are not well-known, the purpose of the present study was to screen diagnostic biomarkers for SONFH. Methods: The differential expression of serum proteins from SONFH, traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TONFH) patients and healthy volunteers (CK) in Chinese females was compared using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics, and potential diagnostic biomarkers were verified by western blotting. Results: Bioinformatics analyses revealed key proteins, pathways, and domains differentially regulated among SONFH, TONFH and healthy volunteers in Chinese females, the results showed that peptidase S1, fibrinogen, transferrin, lipid transport domains, hematopoietic cell lineage, fat digestion, absorption, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways were associated with the development of SONFH. C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA1), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), and dopamine beta-hydroxylase were selected for verification of differential expression using western blotting. Conclusions: Our data suggest that dysfunction of hematopoietic cell lineage, adhesion, fat digestion and absorption, PPAR pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of SONFH, serum proteins SAA1, ORM1 could be used as new potential diagnostic biomarkers for SONFH.
Clinical efficacy and imaging analysis for the surgical treatment of thoracolumbar infections in elderly patients
Authors: Zhong Yanlong , Tang Benyu , Lai Qi , Sheng Yonghong , Li Chao , Guo Jia , Luo Shiwei , Yao Haoqun , Wan Zongmiao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundFew reports have been conducted to comparing surgical results and safety evaluations between the different types of infections in geriatric patients with thoracolumbar infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of surgical treatment for thoracolumbar infections in elderly patients.Methods21 patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS) and 26 patients with tuberculous spondylodiscitis (TS) were enrolled in the study. All patients were treated using one-stage posterior debridement, decompression, and pedicle screw fixation. Comparison of operative safety parameters between the two groups. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, the short form (SF)-36 survey and Oswestry disability index (ODI) to determine patient quality of life pre- and post-operatively. Results Hospitalisation and intensive care unit duration in the PS group were significantly shorter than in the TS group (P<0.05). The total incidence of post-operative complications for both groups was 44.7%. More complications occurred in the TS group, but the difference was not significant. The VAS and SF-36 scores (physical component) were significantly better in the PS group six months post-operatively, and the SF-36 (mental component) scores were significantly better in the PS group at the one-year follow-up. Neurological status in both groups improved post-operatively, and 83% of the patients were satisfied with the results of their operation. Imaging results showed that bone graft fusion improved in both groups at six months, one year and at the final follow-up. ConclusionOne-stage posterior debridement, decompression, interbody fusion, and internal fixation can be considered a safe and effective method of treating spinal infections in the elderly. This method can improve nerve function, reconstruct spinal stability, and enhance the quality of life of elderly patients. Both PS and TS who underwent surgery achieve similar clinical and radiological results.
Mechanism of Li2S formation and dissolution in Lithium-Sulphur batteries
Authors: Prehal Christian , Sujata Jean-Marc , Talian Sara Drvarič , Vizintin Alen , Dominko Robert , Amenitsch Heinz , Porcar Lionel , Freunberger Stefan , Wood Vanessa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Insufficient understanding of the mechanism that reversibly converts sulfur into lithium sulfide (Li2S) via soluble polysulfides (PS) hampers the realization of high performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells. Typically Li2S formation is explained by direct electroreduction of a PS to Li2S; however, this is not consistent with the size and shape of the insulating Li2S deposits. Here, we use operando small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and operando small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to track the growth and dissolution of solid deposits from atomic to sub-micron scales during charge and discharge. Stochastic modelling based on the SANS data allows quantification of the chemical phase evolution during discharge and charge. We show that the deposit is comprised of nanocrystalline Li2S and smaller, solid short-chain PS particles, which we argue are likely Li2S2. Our data are consistent with solid Li2S2 precipitating from solution and then being converted in the solid-state to Li2S, probably via direct electroreduction and chemical diffusion through the Li2S2 particle network. Solution-mediated Li2S2 precipitation, therefore, controls the Li2S/Li2S2 aggregate structure. Discharge capacity and rate capability in Li-S battery cathodes are limited by mass transport rather than electron transport through a thin passivating surface film. Capacity and rate capability are thus influenced by are species solvation, mobility, and applied current density. The found mechanism also explains why in practice not all S is converted to Li2S; a certain amount of Li2S2 remains as a second solid phase.
Raman analysis of octocoral carbonate ion structural disorder along a natural depth gradient, Kona coast, Hawai‘i
Authors: Conner Kyle , Sharma Shiv , Uchiyama Ryohei , Tanaka Kentaro , Murakami-Sugihara Naoko , Shirai Kotaro , Kahng Samuel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Both environmental and physiological factors cause carbonate ion structural disorder in biogenic Mg-calcites. A major component of this disorder is driven by the incorporation of Mg through environmental forcing and growth rate kinetics although non-Mg factors (e.g., other cation/anion impurities, organic molecules) also contribute. Understanding the drivers of Mg content in biogenic calcite and its effects on disorder has implications for octocoral Mg paleo-proxies and the stability and diagenetic alteration of their calcitic skeletons. However, prior studies of biogenic Mg-calcites have often been complicated by sampling inconsistencies over space and time and potential intra-sample Mg variability. This study aims to analyze the relative contributing factors of octocoral Mg-calcite structural disorder along gradients of both depth and growth rate. Calcitic octocorals (Coralliidae and Keratoisididae, N = 28) were collected from 221–823 m depths across a natural gradient in biogeochemical parameters (pH: 7.4–7.9, T: 5–16 °C) off the Kona coast of Hawai‘i Island and were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. Samples were collected during the same month, controlling for potential seasonal variability. Raman spectral parameters from the ν1 peak quantified total carbonate ion structural disorder (full-width at half maximum height [FWHM] of ν1) and Mg content (ν1 position, Raman shift). The total structural disorder was then partitioned into Mg-driven and non-Mg driven components (residual ν1 FWHM). The total structural disorder and Mg content decreased significantly with increasing depth, correlating with temperature and carbonate system parameters. The Mg-temperature relationships from this study were also consistent with prior studies. Non-Mg structural disorder did not correlate to any environmental parameters. When measured across an intra-sample gradient of ontogenetic growth rate, total structural disorder, Mg content, and non-Mg structural disorder increased with growth rate for all but one taxon, demonstrating the kinetic effect of growth rate as well as potential taxon-specific physiological effects. These results provide insight into how environmental and growth rate kinetic effects independently affect different components of carbonate ion structural disorder (Mg content and non-Mg factors). These findings also suggest that Raman spectroscopy may be helpful in quantifying solubility within biogenic calcites.
Effect of slope on energy dissipation for flow over a stepped spillway
Authors: Salmasi Farzin , Abraham John 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In a stepped spillway, the spillway face is provided with a series of steps from near the crest to the toe. This type of spillway is attractive for water resource management because it dissipates energy that is within the flow. When energy is dissipated by the steps, it reduces the energy reduction that otherwise must occur at the toe of the spillway. In the present study, nine physical stepped spillway models with slopes of 15, 25, 45° and with a number of steps varying from 5 to 50 have been constructed. The crest of the spillways have standard Ogee profiles and a constant slope extends from the crest to the spillway toe. Two different-sized flumes were used in the experiments (25 and 50 cm wide). Several physical models have been constructed in order to measure the energy dissipation. The purpose of this research is to investigate energy dissipation rate in spillways with different slopes. It was found that the two most important dimensionless factors influencing energy dissipation are the Froude number and q2/(gHdam3). The spillway slope and step number have less impact on the rate of energy dissipation. However, for a constant discharge over a stepped spillway, increasing spillway slope, and increasing the number of steps will increase the energy dissipation. Using multiple regressions, some useful relations for determination energy dissipating are obtained.