bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 Protein, in Relation to the Histological Type and Grade in Invasive Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Betiku O. A. , Odujoko O. O. , Omoniyi-Esan G. O. , Olasode B. J. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Breast cancer remains the commonest cause of cancer-related deaths in women. This study aims to determine the proportion of p53 expression in breast cancer cases in OAUTHC Ile-Ife and relate this to histological grades and types.
Methods: Eighty-five histologically diagnosed breast cancer cases seen within a 2-year (2018-2019) period were retrieved. The tumours were graded using Nottingham grading system and the histological types were stated. Immunohistochemistry for p53 was performed on retrieved representative tissue blocks and its level of expression was scored as positive or negative. The association of p53 expression and the histological types and grades were sorted using the chi-square statistical test to compare variables and p-value < 0.05.
Results: The Invasive Ductal Carcinoma-Not Otherwise Specified (IDC-NOS) was the commonest histological type (92.9%). The histological grades 2 and 3 predominated accounting for 48.2% each. Of all the breast carcinoma cases analysed, grades 2 and 3 constituted 93.1%. The median age of 50.6 years was observed in p53 positive and 49.4 years in p53 negative. Even though most high-grade tumours were p53 positive, no significant association between p53 positivity and histological grades or histological types.
Conclusion: Conclusion: Many of our cases show expression of p53 and high grade tumours bare a high level of p53 expression. This finding though not statistically significant may suggest aggressive behaviour of tumours.
Roles of NK Cells in Sepsis
Authors: Baesmat Ayriana Safari 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The body's severe reaction to an infection is known as sepsis. It's a medical emergency that might put your life in jeopardy. Sepsis occurs when an existing infection sets off a chain reaction throughout your body. Sepsis is caused by infect ions that begin in the lungs, urinary tract, skin, or gastrointestinal system. During prolonged sepsis, apoptosis and diminished immunological activities of natural killer (NK) cells contribute to patients' vulnerability to secondary/nosocomial infections and viral reactivation, resulting in worse life quality and long-term death.
Methods: The gene expression data were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE60424). Fold change and p value analysis, hierarchical clustering, and pathway analysis were performed.
Results: In this study, we identified altered genes involved in sepsis in NK cells. Ten genes corresponding 11 probe sets were differentially expressed following the sepsis. We identified a network between these genes and pathways they belong to. Pathway analysis showed that these genes are mostly associated with autoimmune response.
Conclusion: DLL1, SERPINA1, IFI44L, XCL1, CD3G, IGHM, PAX8-AS1, PACSIN1, PDE4B and SCML1 genes were found to be associated with sepsis. Almost all these genes are effective in the autoimmune response, especially during the sepsis. Therefore, it is hypothesized that downregulation or upregulation of these genes may affect immune response. And it is predicted that NK cells may be an important factor for autoimmune disease.
The Relationship between Cost Reduction Techniques and Profitability
Authors: S. K. Akintola, , A. A. Omotola, , I. T. Adeeyo, 
Published: April 2022

The main difficulty encountered by organizations recently is the increase in the cost of operation that could lead to inevitable cost control and reduction scheme which makes it difficult for most organizations to operate at the cost-efficient frontier. The main objective of this study is to determine the relationship between Cost reduction technique antecedents and profitability of organizations in a selected manufacturing company, Oyo state, Nigeria.
The study adopted a descriptive research design. The targeted population was employees in the selected manufacturing company. The unit of observation was sales managers, salespersons, and employees. The sample size was 80. SPSS was used to organize code and generate a quantitative report. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The study found that fleet management is positively correlated with profitability in selected manufacturing company (r = 0.564; P-value = 0.000<0.05). The result reviewed that there’s a significant relationship between fleet management and profitability in selected manufacturing companies. It was also found that there is a positive relationship between management control and profitability of the selected manufacturing company. The third hypothesis also shows that there is a positive relationship between improved manpower and profitability in a selected manufacturing company.
Moreover, the study concluded that there is a relationship between Cost reduction technique antecedents and profitability of organizations in a selected manufacturing company. The study recommended that Cost control and cost reduction scheme must be properly administered in an organization by setting a realistic standard.
Knowledge of Pediatricians about Oral Health Care of Children
Authors: Imtiaz Seema , Raza Yasir , Rajper Shazia Parveen , Talpur Nida , Ali Sadaf , Banglani Munir Ahmed , Shams Salman 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pediatrician’s according oral health in children.
Design: Cross sectional descriptive study.
Setting: The study was conducted at LUMHS Jamshoro and civil hospital Hyderabad on January 15th and February 28th 2019.
Methodology: This cross sectional survey of 100 pediatricians including postgraduate trainee of institute of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Science Jamshoro and civil hospital Hyderabad. Distinguish the knowledge, attitude and behavior of pediatricians regarding basic oral health care of children which concluded by questionnaire.
Results: A systemic random sample of 100 pediatricians participated. The pediatrician’s knowledge score was significantly not as good but all pediatricians stated it is important for pediatrician to be familiar with oral health in children.
Conclusion: In the event that there is further assimilation with dentistry, paediatricians' understanding of oral health may and must be enhanced, particularly when doctors are still in Graduation or Post-Graduation.
Student Pharmacist Led International E-Learning Collaborative and Educational Experience: Understanding the Role of Pharmacists and Pharmacy Curriculum in Mexico and USA
Authors: Yousif Zaid , Fricovsky Eduardo , Garcia-Sarzosa Jorge , Ngo Linh , Choi Brittney , Garcia Martha , Estevez Gabino , Arain Mudassar Iqbal 
Published: April 2022

Background: Pharmacy students in Mexico are exposed to United States’ pharmacy community services in hopes to adopt the services for their own pharmacy program.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a strictly online-based teaching method to improve student knowledge on the role of pharmacists and the pharmacy curriculum in Mexico and the United States.
Methods: This was a prospective study of pharmacy students attending the University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (UCSD SSPPS) and Facultad de Quimic-Pharmaco-Biologia de la Universidad Michoacana San Nicolas de Hidalgo (UMSNH) during the 2015-2016 academic year who enrolled in the E-Learning Collaborative and Educational Experience Independent Study.
Results: The e-learning course had 25 students total from both the United States and Mexico enrolled. Out of the 25 students, 4 students from the United States and 11 students from Mexico agreed to participate in the study. In the familiarity/confidence section of survey, there was a significant increase in 4 out of 5 questions in the Mexico group and 2 out of 5 in the U.S. groups. In the survey section regarding students’ perspective of e-learning and likelihood of community involvement, there was no statistical difference in the U.S. group and only one in the Mexico group.
Conclusion: Despite the lack of statistical significance, the increase in median scores and proportion of correct responses in addition to the feedback provided by students suggest a positive learning experience to supports continuation of this study.
Dentist's Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Central India: A Questionnaire Based Survey
Authors: Agrawal Megha J. , Gade Jaykumar R. , Soni Minal N. , Dandekar Sayali G. , Jaiswal Karan V. , Nikode Sayali P. 
Published: April 2022

Context: Obstructive sleep apnea is a very usual sleep disorder that frequently goes undetected. In dental training enough significance aren’t inclined to the various sleep disorders existing. Dentists take a crucial role in assessing, diagnosing, management and referring of OSA patients.
Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice about obstructive sleep apnea among dentists in Central India.
Study design: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Central India from January 2021 to June 2021 for duration of six months at Nagpur.
Methodology: 185 dentists participated in the survey. A questionnaire consisting of 23 items, evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to nine distinct domains concerning obstructive sleep apnea and circulated through a web designed program. Good/poor remarks were given to knowledge and practice questions and favorable/unfavorable for attitude questions. Study data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using chi square test.
Results: Overall dentists were observed to have good knowledge for domains of awareness, general findings and risk factors. Good knowledge was found in MDS for domains of screening and diagnosis (64.65% and 50.51%) and treatment and referral (65.66% and 57.58%) in comparison to the BDS group. Favorable attitude for all the domains was reported while poor practice in all domains.
Conclusion: Dentists had favorable attitude towards OSA but poor knowledge in certain domains about OSA which may be linked to lacked clinical experience and hurdle in their practice. They were passionate about further education on OSA.
Deep‐Learning‐Assisted Stratification of Amyloid Beta Mutants Using Drying Droplet Patterns
Authors: Jeihanipour Azam , Lahann Jörg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of simple and accurate methods to predict mutations in proteins remains an unsolved challenge in modern biochemistry. It is discovered that critical information about primary and secondary peptide structures can be inferred from the stains left behind by their drying droplets. To analyze the complex stain patterns, deep‐learning neuronal networks are challenged with polarized light microscopy images derived from the drying droplet deposits of a range of amyloid beta (1–42) (Aβ42) peptides. These peptides differ in a single amino acid residue and represent hereditary mutants of Alzheimer's disease. Stain patterns are not only reproducible but also result in comprehensive stratification of eight amyloid beta (Aβ) variants with predictive accuracies above 99%. Similarly, peptide stains of a range of distinct Aβ42 peptide conformations are identified with accuracies above 99%. The results suggest that a method as simple as drying a droplet of a peptide solution onto a solid surface may serve as an indicator of minute, yet structurally meaningful differences in peptides’ primary and secondary structures. Scalable and accurate detection schemes for stratification of conformational and structural protein alterations are critically needed to unravel pathological signatures in many human diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Zeolite‐Reinforced Interpenetrating Polymer Network Initiated by Chalcone Based Photoinitiating System and Their Application in 3D/4D Printing
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Chen Hong , Vidal Loïc , Schrodj Gautier , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Dumur Frédéric , Simon‐Masseron Angélique , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of photopolymerization, the search for new near‐UV/visible light sensitive photoinitiating system (PIS) is one of the most interesting topics in polymerization area. In this work, a new PIS (chalcone dye/amine/iodonium salt) could efficiently and simultaneously initiate the free radical photopolymerization of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and the cationic photopolymerization (CP) of 3,4‐epoxycyclohexylmethyl‐3,4‐epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (EPOX) upon LED@405 nm irradiation to obtain interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). Furthermore, this PIS was employed in the photopolymerization of LTA‐5A zeolite filled interpenetrating polymer network composites (IPN, PEGDA/EPOX). Compared to the pure IPN, the depth of cure (DOC) for IPN with 50 wt% LTA‐5A remarkably increased by ca. 90%, which was the first time reported that DOC could increase with the increase of the filler content. 3D patterns with good resolution were manufactured through direct laser write technique, and those with high filler contents showed good water swelling property. Under hydrothermal stimuli, IPN composite with 50 wt% LTA‐5A exhibited a good 4D printing behavior. Therefore, not only this chalcone dye has a good photoinitiation ability for photopolymerization, but also the resulting IPN composites prepared with the photoinitiating system containing this dye have potential applications for 3D/4D printing and composites preparation.
Prebiotics and Postbiotics Synergistic Delivery Microcapsules from Microfluidics for Treating Colitis
Authors: Yang Keli , Wang Xiaocheng , Huang Rongkang , Wang Hui , Lan Ping , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractManipulation of gut microbiota by bacterial metabolites has shown protective effects against colitis; while the efficacy is strictly limited by the poor oral delivery efficiency and single drug usage. Here, a novel prebiotics and postbiotics synergistic delivery microcapsule composed of indole‐3‐propionic acid (IPA) postbiotic and three prebiotics including alginate sodium, resistant starch (RS), and chitosan via microfluidic electrospray for preventing and treating colitis are proposed. It is found that oral administration of IPA microcapsules (IPA@MC) to mice can exert significant protective effects to colitis, suggesting the therapeutic synergy between prebiotics and postbiotics. Furthermore, the mechanism of the IPA@MC is revealed in modulating the gut microbiota, that is by significantly increasing the overall richness and abundance of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia. These results indicate that the prebiotics and postbiotics synergistic delivery microcapsules are ideal candidates for treating colitis.
Landscape of the Peripheral Immune Response Induced by Local Microwave Ablation in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Wenbin , Yu Muxin , Mao Xinrui , Pan Hong , Tang Xinyu , Wang Ji , Che Nan , Xie Hui , Ling Lijun , Zhao Yi , Liu Xiaoan , Wang Cong , Zhang Kai , Qiu Wen , Ding Qiang , Wang Shui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMinimally invasive thermal therapies have been attempted in the treatment of breast cancer, and the immune response induced by these therapies has not been fully reported. A clinical trial is performed to determine the effect of microwave ablation (MWA) in the treatment of early‐stage breast cancer. The authors perform single‐cell RNA sequencing on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six patients before and after ablation. NK and CD8+T cells are activated by MWA of breast cancer, with the increased inhibitory signature of CD8+T cells but not dysfunctional. Enhanced co‐stimulatory signature of CD4+ T cells is observed and increased frequency of ICOS+CD4+ T cells after MWA is confirmed by flow cytometric analysis. After ablation, T‐cell clones expand with increased T‐cell receptor diversities. Activated antigen receptor‐mediated signaling pathways are found in B cells. Enhanced interactions between B cells and CD4+ T cells are found, indicating that B cells are important antigen‐presenting cells that initiate CD4+T cells in MWA‐induced immune response. Blockade of CTLA‐4 or PD‐1 of post‐MWA PBMCs show higher T‐cell activity than that of pre‐MWA PBMCs. This study provide global characteristics of MWA‐induced systemic immune response and pave a way for the identification of potential targets to improve the immune response.
Customizing Heterointerfaces in Multilevel Hollow Architecture Constructed by Magnetic Spindle Arrays Using the Polymerizing‐Etching Strategy for Boosting Microwave Absorption
Authors: Xu Chunyang , Liu Panbo , Wu Zhengchen , Zhang Huibin , Zhang Ruixuan , Zhang Chang , Wang Lei , Wang Longyuan , Yang Bingtong , Yang Ziqi , You Wenbin , Che Renchao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeterointerface engineering is evolving as an effective approach to tune electromagnetic functional materials, but the mechanisms of heterointerfaces on microwave absorption (MA) remain unclear. In this work, abundant electromagnetic heterointerfaces are customized in multilevel hollow architecture via a one‐step synergistic polymerizing‐etching strategy. Fe/Fe3O4@C spindle‐on‐tube structures are transformed from FeOOH@polydopamine precursors by a controllable reduction process. The impressive electromagnetic heterostructures are realized on the Fe/Fe3O4@C hollow spindle arrays and induce strong interfacial polarization. The highly dispersive Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles within spindles build multi‐dimension magnetic networks, which enhance the interaction with incident microwaves and reinforce magnetic loss capacity. Moreover, the hierarchically hollow structure and electromagnetic synergistic components are conducive to the impedance matching between absorbing materials and air medium. Furthermore, the mechanisms of electromagnetic heterointerfaces on the MA are systematically investigated. Accordingly, the as‐prepared hierarchical Fe/Fe3O4@C microtubes exhibit remarkable MA performance with a maximum refection loss of −55.4 dB and an absorption bandwidth of 4.2 GHz. Therefore, in this study, the authors not only demonstrate a synergistic strategy to design multilevel hollow architecture, but also provide a fundamental guide in heterointerface engineering of highly efficient electromagnetic functional materials.
Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 Self‐Rolling Rod‐Based Foam Boosts Interfacial Polarization for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Li Minghang , Zhu Wenjie , Li Xin , Xu Hailong , Fan Xiaomeng , Wu Hongjing , Ye Fang , Xue Jimei , Li Xiaoqiang , Cheng Laifei , Zhang Litong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous interface design to boost interfacial polarization has become a feasible way to realize high electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) performance of dielectric materials. However, interfacial polarization in simple structures such as particles, rods, and flakes is weak and usually plays a secondary role. In order to enhance the interfacial polarization and simultaneously reduce the electronic conductivity to avoid reflection of electromagnetic wave, a more rational geometric structure for dielectric materials is desired. Herein, a Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 self‐rolling rod‐based foam is proposed to realize excellent interfacial polarization and achieve high EMA performance at ultralow density. Different surface tensions of Ti3C2Tx and ammonium tetrathiomolybdate are utilized to induce the self‐rolling of Ti3C2Tx sheets. The rods with a high aspect ratio not only remarkably improve the polarization loss but also are beneficial to the construction of Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 foam, leading to enhanced EMA capability. As a result, the effective absorption bandwidth of Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 foam covers the whole X band (8.2–12.4 GHz) with a density of only 0.009 g cm−3, at a thickness of 3.3 mm. The advantages of rod structures are verified through simulations in the CST microwave studio. This work inspires the rational geometric design of micro/nanostructures for new‐generation EMA materials.
Reconfigurable Radio‐Frequency High‐Electron Mobility Transistors via Ferroelectric‐Based Gallium Nitride Heterostructure
Authors: Yang Jeong Yong , Yeom Min Jae , Lee Jaeyong , Lee Kyusang , Park Changkun , Heo Junseok , Yoo Geonwook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe wireless communication and power transmission environment varies widely depending on time and place, and thus reconfigurable devices and circuits are in high demand due to the significant increase in complexity of the power stage and chip size required for current non‐reconfigurable device‐based systems. Reconfigurable radio‐frequency (RF) devices, however, are difficult to demonstrate due to the lack of suitable materials with desirable material properties that can also be integrated with conventional high‐power materials. Here, reconfigurable gallium nitride (GaN) high‐electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) that are heterointegrated with 2D van der Waals‐interfaced α‐In2Se3semiconductor are demonstrated. The switchable ferroelectric polarization of the 2D α‐In2Se3layer is exploited to control the 2D electron gas charge density in the GaN channel. Further, a native interfacial indium oxide layer between the gate dielectric and α‐In2Se3functions as a charge trapping layer, boosting the effect of the ferroelectric α‐In2Se3layer. The fabricated HEMTs exhibit the sharpest subthreshold slope with tunable threshold voltage, transconductance, and maximum frequency in the range of several GHz under the application of a fast pulsed gate‐voltage signal without sacrificing the performance. The results clearly demonstrate the immense potential of ferroelectric‐based mixed‐dimensional heterostructures as a viable pathway toward simple and compact reconfigurable RF systems.
EU marketing standards and sustainability
Authors: Nes Kjersti , Ciaian Pavel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 2020, the European Union (EU) introduced the new Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy, an innovative new strategy to make the EU food system sustainable. The review of the EU marketing standards for food products is implemented as part of the Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy. While the deal provides an increased focus on sustainability, the new review of the marketing standards extends to factor in the potential impact of modifying the current standards on sustainability. This article identifies parts of the current marketing standards that may affect various aspects of sustainability and discusses the potential impact and trade‐offs with modifying these elements in the supply chain. To illustrate the implications of marketing standards for sustainability, we focus on three broad case studies: food waste, food chain innovation, and climate conscious consumers.
Der Einfluss von Nanoconfinement auf die Elektrokatalyse
Authors: Wordsworth  Johanna , Benedetti Tania M. , Somerville Samuel V. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Tilley Richard D. , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDie Verwendung von Nanopartikeln und nanostrukturierten Elektroden ist in der Elektrokatalyse weit verbreitet. Diese nanometrischen Systeme enthalten je nach Geometrie Elemente des Nanoconfinements in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß, was sich viel stärker auf die Aktivität und Selektivität auswirken kann, als oft angenommen wird. In diesem Aufsatz identifizieren wir zunächst die Systeme, die unterschiedliche Grade von Nanoconfinement enthalten, und zeigen, wie sie die Aktivität und Selektivität elektrokatalytischer Reaktionen beeinflussen können. Anschließend wird ein grundlegendes Verständnis der Auswirkungen des Nanoconfinements auf die Elektrochemie und Elektrokatalyse vermittelt, das dank der Entwicklung neuer, atomar präziser Herstellungs‐ und Fertigungstechniken und Fortschritten bei der theoretischen Modellierung allmählich erschlossen wird. Diese Übersicht soll dabei helfen, die Nanostrukturierung nicht nur zur Vergrößerung der Oberfläche zu nutzen, sondern auch die thermodynamisch bedingten Skalierungsbeziehungen in der Elektrokatalyse zu durchbrechen.