bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Identification Among CXC Chemokines in the Colon Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment
Authors: Wang Heng , Guo ChangQing , Luo Jun , Li Quan , Fu BuQing , Jiang Wei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: COAD is among the most prevalent malignancy, with a very high incidence rate. Crosstalk between cancer and interstitial cells significantly affects cancer development, modulated partly by chemokines production. When present in the tumor microenvironment, CXC chemokines have been shown to regulate tumor cell activity and influence immune cell transport, resulting in anti-tumor immune mechanisms and influencing the outcomes of the patient; nonetheless, the CXC chemokines expression levels in COAD, as well as their prognostic significance, have not yet been established.Methods: This study used UALCAN, GeneMANIA, STRING, TRRUST, cBioPortal, TIMER, and GEPIA,Results: The expression of CXC1/2/3/5/6/11/12/13/14/16/17 in COAD patients was shown to be significantly correlated with the pathological stage. A considerably improved prognosis was observed in patients with low transcriptional levels of CXCL9/10/11. Differentially expressed CXC chemokines exert roles that are predominantly correlated with the chemokine signaling pathway and interactions of cytokine–cytokine receptors. Our findings indicated that the transcriptional factors, including SP1, RELA, and NFKB1 are essential for the production of CXC chemokines. Furthermore, we discovered a substantial association between the CXC chemokines production and infiltration of 6 kinds of immune cells (CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, B cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages,). Conclusions: These findings might be useful in identifying prognostic indicators and immunotherapeutic targets for colon cancer.
A Novel Tool to Enhance The Lubricant Efficiency On Induction Heat-Assisted Incremental Sheet Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Sheets
Authors: Li Weining , Essa Khamis , Li Sheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For heat-assisted single point incremental sheet forming (SPIF) works of Ti-6Al-4V sheets, the use of lubricant has shown significant effects on surface quality and geometric accuracy at higher temperatures. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a common lubricant widely used in SPIF works, however, it usually indicates ineffective performance at high temperatures. This article has studied different lubricants of MoS2 lubricants and proposed a novel mixture of MoS2 to provide better surface quality and improve geometric accuracy. A forming tool with a ball-roller and water channel was designed to enable the MoS2 mixture to pass through the tool tip, allowing easy application of the lubricant on the localised area and reduce the thermal expansion on the ball-roller. Surface roughness analysis has revealed that the water-cooling MoS2 mixture performed well in reducing friction effects and achieved better geometric accuracy. Forming forces measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and micro-hardness tests also indicated that a higher strain hardening behaviour was detected for the water-cooling MoS2 mixture.
Design of Testability Structures With Security For Machine Intelligence Based Cryptosystem
Authors: Sowmiya G , Malarvizhi S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During testing utmost all appropriate and suitable strategy needs to be established for consistent fault coverage, improved controllability and observability. The scan chains used in BIST allows some fine control over data propagations that is used as a backdoor to break the security over cryptographic cores. To alleviate these scan-based side-channel attacks, implementing a more inclusive security strategy is required to confuse the attacker and to ensure the key management process which is always a difficult task to task in cryptographic research. In this work for testing AES core Design-for-Testability (DfT) is considered with some random response compaction, bit masking during the scan process. In the proposed scan architecture, scan-based attack does not allow finding out actual computations which are related to the cipher transformations and key sequence. And observing the data through the scan structure is secured. The experimental results validate the potential metrics of the proposed scan model in terms of robustness to the scan attack and penalty gap that exists due to the inclusion of scan designs in AES core. Also investigate the selection of appropriate location points to implement the bit level modification to avoid attack for retrieving a key.
How Large Fraction of A Population Must be Vaccinated before A Disease is Controlled?
Authors: Halamicek Robin , Schubert Dirk W , Nilsson Fritjof 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has already caused more than 5 million casualties despite hard restrictions and relatively high vaccine coverage in many countries. The crucial question is therefore, how large vaccination rate and how severe restrictions are required to terminate the spread of the decease, assuming that the vaccine efficiency and the basic reproduction ratio (R0) are known? To answer this question, a mathematical equation was applied to visualize the required vaccination level as function of vaccine efficiency, restriction efficiency and basic reproduction ratio (R0). In addition to the modelling study, Covid-19 data from Europe was collected during 19/11-26/11 (2021) to assess the relation between vaccination rate and incidence. The analysis indicates that a vaccination rate of ~92% (2 doses) is required to stop Delta (B.1.617.2) without severe restrictions, under conditions like those in Europe late November 2021. A third vaccine dose, improved vaccines, higher vaccination rates and/or stronger restrictions will be required to force Omicron (B.1.1.529) to expire without infecting a large fraction of the population.
Simultaneous Experimental Analysis of Oil Content And Molecular Composition of Shale Fractions
Authors: Zhang Bowei , Zhang Juhe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The important research content and basis of exploration and development is to evaluate the reservoir property, oil bearing property, fluidity and compressibility of shale reservoir.The key of exploration and development is to evaluate the oil-bearing and fluidity of shale reservoir.In this paper, the "shale oil content and fine components synchronous experimental analysis device" is used. Five temperature ranges of 30 ℃-90 ℃, 90 ℃-150 ℃, 100 ℃- 200 ℃, 150 ℃-250 ℃ and 250 ℃-300 ℃ were adopted. The heating rate of each temperature segment was 25 ℃ / min, and the final temperature was kept constant for 5 min. The oil content of shale (pyrolysis S1) was cut into five fractions.Simultaneous determination of oil content and molecular composition of shale fractions,and the external standard method was used to evaluate the oil content and fluidity.The results show that the five fractions of shale are mainly composed of nC1-nC9 gas, nC10-nC15 gasoline, nC12-nC20 kerosene, nC15-nC22 diesel oil and nC18-nC26 heavy oil of the first member of Qingshangkou formation in Songliao basin.There are differences in the fractionation and oil content characteristics of samples with different maturity in different wells.The parent material, properties and quality of crude oil are reflected in shale. The higher the maturity of shale oil is, the more light components are, the larger the light / heavy ratio parameter value of (gasoline + kerosene + diesel) and heavy oil is, the better the fluidity is, and the easier to exploit effectively.
The Climate Change Response of Pacific Ocean Squids
Authors: Wang Jintao , Boenish Robert , Li Yunkai , Chen Xinjun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Climate change is proving to be a driving factor reshaping the distribution and altering the movement of marine species, dynamics of which are crucial for sustainable development and marine resources management. However, how Pacific Ocean squids – boasting the salient biological features of a one-year life span and strong adaptive abilities, and which support more than 25% of global squid catches – respond to climate change is overlooked. We address this knowledge gap by constructing spatio-temporal generalized additive mixed models based on hundreds of thousands of digitized Chinese squid-jigging logbooks covering three Pacific stocks of two squid species (Ommastrephes bartramii and Dosidicus gigas) spanning 2005 – 2018. Here we show the relationships between environmental variables and local abundance of squids (reflected by response curves) track changes in climate; the squid biomass peaks and troughs coinciding with La Niña and El Niño events, respectively are moderate in contrast to the effects of directional climate change. We find substantial poleward shifts by squids inhabiting low latitude and middle latitudes. These findings have broad implications both for food security and open ocean ecosystem dynamics.
Analysis of Uniform Film Thickness and Stationarypoints for the Thin Film Flow of Carreau Fluid Model in the Presence of Surface Tension Gradient
Authors: Ashraf Hameed , Parveen Abida , Rehman Hamood Ur , Asjad Muhammad Imran , Almutairi Bander N. , Inc Mustafa , Almohsen Bandar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article addresses the analysis of the uniform film thickness and stationary points forthe Carreau thin fluid film flow. The flow of fluid on a vertically upward moving cylinder takesplace in the presence of a surface tension gradient. The resulting non-linear and inhomogeneousordinary differential equation is solved for the series form solution using Adomian decompositionmethods (ADM). Stokes number St, inverse capillary number C, Weissenberg number W e andfluid behavior index n emerged as flow control parameters. The analysis showed that thepositions of stationary points transferred towards the surface of the cylinder by the increase ofSt and C while towards the fluid-air interface by the increase of n. W e delineated vice versaeffects on positions of stationary points for the shear thickening fluid film and shear thinningfluid film. The width of uniform film thickness reduces by an increment in the St and Cwhereas it increases by an increment in the n. The width of shear thickening uniform filmthickness increases whilst shear thinning uniform film thickness decreases as the W e increases. A comparison between the linearly viscous fluid and Carreau fluid is also made.
KIF23 Predict Immune Infiltration and Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Bai Maoshu , Liu Xin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
BackgroundKinesin family member 23 (KIF23), an index of tumor proliferation, can serve as a prognostic marker in numerous tumors. However, the relationship between KIF23 expression and immune infiltration and the diagnostic value of KIF23 remain unclear in GC (gastric cancer). This study aimed to explored the prognosis value of KIF23 and its interactions with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in GC by bioinformatics analysis. ResultsThe relationship between clinicopathologic features and KIF23 expression was also analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and logistic regression. And the expression level of KIF23 was validated by IHC and GEO databases, which was consistent with informatics results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the value of KIF23 as a binary classifier using the area under the curve (AUC value). High expression of KIF23 was significantly associated with longer overall survival and progression-free survival in GC. The mutations of KIF23 in GC were analyzed using cBioPortal and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database. Enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes and KIF23 analysis was performed using LinkedOmics. By using STRING and GeneMANIA databases, we investigated the protein-coding genes related to KIF23 and its co-expression genes in GC tissues. Then, the relationship between KIF23 expression and immune infiltration in GC was investigated using Timer and GEPIA. We found that KIF23 might be used as a potential prognosis biomarker in GC. Subsequently, KIF23 expression level was correlated with the infiltration levels of CD8 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and more obviously with B cells and dendritic cells. In addition, KIF23 expression was significantly associated with T cell exhaustion (CTLA-4 and GZMB). KIF23 expression showed correlations with the infiltration of diverse immune markers in GC. ConclusionOur findings suggest KIF23 can serve as a marker for immune infiltration and prognosis in GC.
Plasmodium Infection Suppresses Colon Cancer Growth by Inhibiting Proliferation and Promoting Apoptosis Associated with Disrupting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitophagy in Mice
Authors: Yao Xin , Cao Yujie , Lu Li , Xu Yuanxia , Chen Hao , Liu Chuanqi , Chen Dianyi , Wang Kexue , Xu Jingxiang , Fang Runqi , Xia Hui , Li Jiangyan , Tao Zhiyong , Fang Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Colon cancer is a common gastrointestinal tumor with a poor prognosis, which makes it urgent to explore new therapeutic strategies. The anti-tumor effect of Plasmodium infection has been reported in some murine models, but it is not clear whether it has an anti-colon cancer effect. In this study, we investigated the anti-colon cancer effect of Plasmodium infection and its related mechanisms using a mouse model of colon cancer.Methods: An experimental model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Plasmodium yoelii-infected erythrocytes into mice with colon cancer. The size of tumors was observed dynamically in mice, and the expression of Ki67 detected by immunohistochemistry was to analyze tumor cells proliferation. Apoptosis was assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the expression of apoptosis concerned proteins, including Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-9, Cleaved Caspase-3, were detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructural change of colon cancer cells. And the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis correlative central protein, PGC-1α, and mitophagy relevant crucial proteins, PINK1/Parkin, were detected by western blot. Results: We found that Plasmodium infection reduced the weights and sizes of tumors and decreased the expression of Ki67 in colon cancer-bearing mice. Furthermore, Plasmodium infection promoted mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells, as evidenced by the increased proportion of TUNEL-positive cells, the up-regulated expression of Bax, Caspase-9, and Cleaved Caspase-3 proteins, and the down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 protein. In colon cancer cells, we found destroyed nucleus, swollen mitochondria, missing cristae, and the decreased number of autolysosomes. In addition, Plasmodium infection disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy through the reduced expression of PGC-1α, PINK1, and Parkin proteins in colon cancer tissues.Conclusions: Plasmodium infection can play an anti-colon cancer role in mice by inhibiting proliferation and promoting mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells, which may relate to mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy.
Bioinformatic Analyses to Uncover Genes Involved in Trehalose Metabolism in the Polyploid Sugarcane
Authors: Oliveira Lauana , Navarro Bruno , Pereira João Pedro , Lopes Adriana , Martins Marina , Riaño-Pachón Diego , Buckeridge Marcos 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is an intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis that plays an essential role in plant metabolism and development. Here, we comprehensively analyzed sequences from enzymes of trehalose metabolism in sugarcane, one of the main crops used for bioenergy production. We identified protein domains, phylogeny, and in silico expression levels for all classes of enzymes. However, post-translational modifications and residues involved in catalysis and substrate binding were analyzed only in trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) sequences. We retrieved 71 putative full-length TPS, 93 trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP), and 3 trehalase (TRE) of sugarcane, showing all their conserved domains, respectively. Putative TPS (Classes I and II) and TPP sugarcane sequences were categorized into well-known groups reported in the literature. We measured the expression levels of the sequences from one sugarcane leaf transcriptomic dataset. Furthermore, TPS Class I has specific N-glycosylation sites inserted in conserved motifs and carries catalytic and binding residues in its TPS domain. Some of these residues are mutated in TPS Class II members, which implies loss of enzyme activity. Our approach retrieved many homo(eo)logous sequences for genes involved in trehalose metabolism, paving the way to discover the role of T6P signaling in sugarcane.
Comparing Impacts of Different Bowel Cleansing Agents and Oral Probiotics After Cleansing On Symptom and Microbiota: a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Dai Penghui , Tang Feng , Gan Ke , Hu Qing , Liao Jingyuan , Li Xiaoyun , Shi Lei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hailong , Zhu Qingliang , Cheng Yongnan , Zheng Jie , Chen Jie , Han Ming , Lv Muhan , Deng Mingming , Xia Hongfen , Luo Gang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Sodium sulfate-based purge has shown better quality of bowel preparation than polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a large retrospective study. However, its side effects and impact to gut microbiota have not been assessed. Besides, evidence from intestinal microecology that probiotics were beneficial to individuals who received bowel preparation is still lacking. The aims are to evaluate the side effects and microecological impact of two bowel cleansing agents (PEG and mirabilite), as well as the regulating effect of probiotics on microecosystem perturbed by bowel preparation.Results: Mirabilite preparation appeared superior to PEG preparation in terms of side effects, consumed time and volume of solutions. Quantitative PCR results showed that the recovery rate of total microbial load in mirabilite group was faster than that in PEG group. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that there were no significant differences in effects of two bowel cleansing agents on multiple microbiota diversity metrics. And both laxatives may affect the relative abundance of core microbiota until 28 days after bowel preparation. Probiotics supplementation was beneficial to recovery of perturbed microecosystem and the maintenance of homeostasis in the gut according to our results. Moreover, probiotics supplementation relieved abdominal symptoms and few individual events induced by bowel preparation during long-term follow-up.Conclusions: Mirabilite could be an optimal bowel cleansing agent for healthy people and can be applied broadly. Besides, probiotics are suggested to administrate after bowel cleansing as it brings multiple benefits in our study.
Green Synthesis of Surfactant Capped CTAB@Ag Nanoparticles and Study of Its Catalytic Activity
Authors: Shaikh Julekha A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the present study, ginger extract, which is widely available as a medicinal herb, is used to develop a facile method for green synthesis of bare Ag and surfactant capped CTAB@Ag nanoparticles via Hydrothermal route. The as-prepared Ag nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic properties of as prepared bare and surfactant capped CTAB@Ag nanoparticles were also investigated in reductive degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) dye and 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP). Surfactant-capped CTAB@Ag nanoparticles exhibit superior catalytic properties in the degradation of MO and conversion of 4-nitro phenol to 4-amino phenol when compared to bare silver nanoparticles.
Political Endorsements by Scientific Organizations Reduce Trust in Scientific Expertise During COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Floyd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
High-profile political endorsements by scientific organizations and publications have been common in recent years, which raises concerns about political backlash against the endorsing organization in particular and scientific expertise in general. In a pre-registered large-sample online controlled experiment, I randomly assign subjects to receive information about Nature's endorsement of Joe Biden for the 2020 U.S. presidential election in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Seeing the endorsement message leads to large reductions in self-reported trust in Nature among Trump supporters. This distrust translates into lower demand for COVID-related information provided by Nature, as evidenced by substantially reduced requests for Nature articles on vaccine efficacy and emerging COVID variants when offered. The endorsement also reduces Trump supporters' stated trust in scientists in general, suggesting "reputational externalities" on the scientific community. Treatment effect estimates for Biden supporters are positive but small and often statistically insignificant across outcomes. Finally, I find little evidence that the endorsement is successful at changing subjects' views about Biden and Trump. These results show political endorsement by scientific organizations can undermine public confidence in the endorsing organization and in the scientific community.
C-kit+VEGFR-2+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiate into Cardiovascular Cells and Repair Infarcted Myocardium after Transplantation
Authors: Zhou Pei , Zhang Hai-feng , Wang Yong-li , Tao Ping , Tan Yu-zhen , Wang Hai-jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Resent preclinical studies and clinical trails prove that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promised therapy for ischemic diseases. However, the properties of c-kit+ cells in MSCs remain unclear. We investigated the differential potential of c-kit+VEGFR-2+ MSCs and evaluated their effects on repairing the infarcted myocardium after transplantation. Methods: c-kit+VEGFR-2+ MSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow. Gene expression profile of the cells was examined with RNA-sequencing. Differential potential of the cells was determined after induction with VEGF, TGF-β and BMP-2 for 2 weeks. Improvement of cardiac function and repair of the infarcted myocardium were assessed at 4 weeks after transplantation of the cells preconditioned with hypoxia and serum deprivation. Results: Gene expression profile revealed that the upregulated genes are enrichment of genes related to immune process and cell differentiation. The cells represented a potential of differentiation towards endothelial cell, smooth muscle cells and cardiamyocytes. In hypoxic condition, secretion of VEGF, SCF and SDF-1α from the cells was increased. VEGF and SCF promoted proliferation and migration of the cells. VEGF could induce the cells to incorporate to the microvessels. After transplantation of the preconditioned cells into the infarcted myocardium, cardiac function was improved, scar size of the infarcted myocardium was decreased, and angiogensis and myocardium repair were enhanced significantly. With preconditioning and delivery by fibrin gel, survival of the cells in the ischemic tissue was augmented. Conclusion: These results suggest that c-kit+VEGFR-2+ MSCs have a potential of differentiation towards cardiovascular cells. SCF/c-kit and VEGF/VEGFR-2 singnalling pathways regulate proliferation, migration and differentiation of the cells. Transplantation of c-kit+VEGFR-2+ MSCs may enhance repair of the infarcted myocardium effectively.