bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clozapine in severe psychotic disorders: Balancing safety with efficacy
Authors: Leite R. Almeida , Costa A. , Borges J. , Mesquita A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionClozapine is a member of the dibenazepine class of antipsychotic drugs and has been designated an atypical antipsychotic drug. Clinical studies have shown that clozapine is effective in ameliorating the core symptoms, as well as the negative symptoms, in severe psychotic disorders and is therapeutically effective in treating about 30% of schizophrenic patients who are resistant to standard antipsychotic drugs.ObjectivesThe goal is to review pharmacology, efficacy, and clinical use of clozapine, such as its side effects, and the benefit-to-risk ratio of this antipsychotic drug.MethodsNon-systematic literature review based on scientific databases such as PubMed, using key words such as “clozapine”, “efficacy”, “side effects” and “resistant schizophrenia”.ResultsClozapine was developed as the first atypical antipsychotic with activity for both the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The primary indications for clozapine are treatment-resistant psychotic disorder, defined as persistent moderate to severe delusions or hallucinations despite two or more clinical trials with other antipsychotic drugs, and patients who are at high risk for suicide. Concerns over a number of safety considerations are responsible for much of the underutilization of clozapine, such as agranulocytosis, metabolic side effects and myocarditis. These side effects can be detected, prevented, minimized and treated, but there will be a very small number of fatalities.ConclusionsAwareness of the benefits and risks of clozapine is essential for increasing the use of this lifesaving agent.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
An innovative anticonvulsant - a GABAA receptor modulator with an alternative mechanism of action and enzyme-inducing detoxifying properties
Authors: Shushpanova T. , Bokhan N. , Stankevich K. , Novozheeva T. , Shushpanova O. , Udut V. , Garganeeva N. , Markova E. , Knyazeva E. , Safronov S. , Boev R. , Solonskii A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe development of original drugs - new generation GABAA receptor modulators (GABAAR), with an anti-alcohol orientation, non-addictive and stimulating detoxification processes, makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of therapy and reduce the cost of treatment.ObjectivesStudy the mechanism of interaction between m-Cl-BHU and GABAA - receptorMethodsMolecular docking was performed to study the molecular docking of m-Cl-BHU with at the binding site of the target protein GABAAR.Radioreceptor studies were carried out using [3H] flunitrazepam binding with synaptosomal receptors in the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats in experimental alcoholism under the influence of therapy with m-CL-BHU. Kinetic parameters (T1/2, Clt, MRT, MET, AUC) of a model substrate - antipyrine were determined in the saliva of healthy volunteers and alcoholic patients.Results
IResults of molecular docking (Schrödinger program (Glide) showed: m-CL-BHU (meta-chlorobenzhydryl urea) is complementary to the benzodiazepine GABAAR. Binding energy is low) (scoring (GScore) -11.14 kKal/mol); m-CL-BHU interacts with key amino acids at the α1γ2 interface: Tyr159, Tyr209, H101 Phe77 and is characterized by a high degree of model fit - dG insert: 0.741 Binding of [3H] flunitrazepam to the benzodiazepine site of GABAAR in rat brain in experimental alcoholism, who received 14 days of m-CL-BHU at 100 mg/kg /day, increased in receptor affinity. Changes in the kinetic parameters (T1/2, Clt, MRT, MET, AUC) of a model substrate - antipyrine in the saliva of healthy volunteers and alcoholic patients using Galodif (m-CL-BHU) at 300 mg/day 21 daysConclusionsm-CL-BHU - GABAA receptor modulator with an alternative mechanism of actionDisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cognitive performance under stress: An experimental study in fire cadets
Authors: Lebedeva N. , Balakaeva A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionFuture firefighters are trained and selected for a job requiring the ability to perform well under high stress and time pressure.ObjectivesThe research is focused on the experimental study of fire cadets’ cognitive performance indicators (speed/accuracy) under stress.MethodsThe study follows Solomon Four Group Design with two variables: stress stimuli (exposure/non-exposure) and participants’ background (50 male fire cadets; 50 male civilian students). Stress stimuli consisted of emergencies’ photos, audio, videos. ECG, EMG, systolic wave amplitude, pulse transit time were measured during the experiment to determine the respondents’ stress levels. The cognitive reflection test (CRT) was performed. Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used.ResultsThere were no differences between students and fire cadets in CRT time (p=0.515, students: 118.1±38.6 sec, cadets: 143.5±78.1 sec) and accuracy (p=0.246, students: 1.2±0.9, cadets: 1.4±0.9). Fire cadets in the stress exposure group (mean time=122, mean accuracy=1.22) performed CRT significantly faster (p=0.039) than non-exposed cadets (mean time=166, mean accuracy=1.56). The accuracy difference was insignificant (p=0.206). Fire cadets with prior emergency work experience (n=30, mean time=159.7, mean accuracy=1.6) were no different from other cadets (n=20, mean time=159.7, mean accuracy=1.1) both in time (p=0.289) and accuracy(p=0.07). The performance difference between civilian student groups was insignificant (exposure: mean time=123, mean accuracy=1.32; non-exposure: mean time=113, mean accuracy=1.06).ConclusionsStress exposure enhances fire cadets’ CRT performance (in speed, but not in accuracy). Emergency work experience did not contribute to this effect, which could be explained by the self-selection effect (since only people inclined to emergency work choose to become a firefighter).DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Electroconvulsive therapy after conservative treatment of vertebral fractures
Authors: Martins S. , Quarenta J. , Teixeira T. , Pinheiro J. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a valuable treatment for major depression with psychotic symptoms. However, it is necessary to pay special attention when there is a history of fractures.ObjectivesThrough the description of the following clinical case, we will emphasize the importance of screening for vertebral fractures within ECT and the different procedures that must be taken if that occurs.MethodsWe undertook a narrative literature review by performing a search on PubMed for English-written articles. The query used was “Electroconvulsive Therapy” AND “Vertebral Fractures”.ResultsA 71-year-old woman was admitted with an episode of psychotic depression. Basic tests were performed and were all normal. After not responding to pharmacologic treatment, she was referred for ECT. The patient had a full recovery after 4 weeks of biweekly sessions. She was discharged and proposed for maintenance ECT. However, she started complaining of back pain after falling and did an X-ray and CT scan which revealed fractured L1 and L2. It was suggested conservative treatment with a Jewett orthosis. Within this period, the ECT was suspended and after a 4-week treatment, the fracture was consolidated. As there was no risk of neurological compression, the treatment was restarted with the same dosage of succinylcholine, and it was achieved complete muscular relaxation. The patient fully recovered without any orthopedic sequel.ConclusionsElectroconvulsive therapy can be safely performed after conservative treatment of vertebral fractures, if special attention is provided to complete muscular relaxation. For this effect, the dosage of succinylcholine can be adjusted.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Non-stop management of an electroconvulsive therapy unit (ECT-U) during the first two months of COVID-19 lockdown in Spain
Authors: Llorca-Bofí V. , Batalla I. , Adrados-Pérez M. , Buil-Reiné E. , Pifarré J. , Torrent A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSince the declaration of the national lockdown in Spain on March 14th until the publication of the SEPB recommendations on May 11th, most of the ECT-U closed or drastically reduced their activity.ObjectivesTo present our non-stop management of an ECT-U during the first two months of COVID-19 lockdown in Spain.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the time between sessions, the clinical, pharmacological and electrical data records of maintenance patients (m-ECT) and compared them with their own records in the two-month period prior to COVID-19. We analysed the length of admission, clinical, pharmacological and electrical records in hospitalized patients (i-ETC) and compared them with patients from the entire year prior to COVID-19 paired by age, sex and diagnosis.ResultsThe ECT-m programme included 17 patients: we postponed the ECT in 8 patients; 1 patient was hospitalized and 8 patients continued normally. The time between m-ECT increased by 8.37±4.89 days (p=0.018) without relapse. During the COVID-19 period, we performed ECT-i in 14 patients without new infections. In i-ECT the duration of admissions increased by 22.1 ±1.2 days (p=0.006), the load increased by 81.53 ±87.8 mC (p=0.027) and the time of the electrical seizure decreased by 7.9 ±9.2 seconds (p=0.037).ConclusionsThe modifications that reach a statistical significance are explained by the readjustment of the ECT-U, with no clinical significance. With the appropriate measures, neither m-ECT nor i-ECT were discontinued. Thus we maintained adequate patient management.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficacy of dialectical behavioral therapy DBT for couples with emotional dysregulation
Authors: Rady A. , Abdelkareem A. , Mouloukheya T. , Elkholy N. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCouple therapy continues to gain in stature as a vital component of mental health services. The linkage of relationship distress to disruption of individual emotional and physical well-being emphasizes the importance of improving and extending empirically based strategies for treating couple distressObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy “DBT” in outpatients couples with emotional dysregulationMethodsTwenty couples presented with marital distress and at least one of them suffers from emotional dysregulation assigned at their convenience or according to immediate availability of treatment slot to a couple DBT group. Arabic version of DERS was used for assessment of emotional dysregulation before and after intervention. Dyadic Adjustment Scale was used for assessment of marital adjustmentResults
Both male and female partners showed significant improvement in marital adjustment and emotional regulation. Female partner showed significant higher change amplitude in both scales. Female partners showed significant improvement in all DERS subscales except for (GOALS) subscale (significant decrease), while male partners showed significant improvement in (IMPULSE), (AWARNESS), (STRATEGIES) and (CLARITY) subscalesConclusionsDialectical behavioral therapy for couples is an effective approach to couples with emotional dysregulation in one or both partnersDisclosureNo significant relationships.
A literature therapeutic group at a psychiatric closed-unit
Authors: Yaniv H. , Nimni D. Shalom , Raskin S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThis lecture will present a therapeutic group that took place at a closed-unit in a psychiatric hospital. The members of this group were patients suffering from psychotic disordersObjectivesPatients suffering from psychotic disorders.MethodsThe patients had difficulty in organizing their thoughts as well as with the expression of their internal-world and emotions. Moreover, they were suspected of the units’ staff members. These circumstances led us to create a theme group that combines a verbal-affective metaphoric instrument - literature. Art, such as literature, represents the mind of its creator and when incorporated into the therapeutic process, can serve as a third-voice - a symbolic language that conveys an idea indirectly and arouses the patient’s personal associations and emotions. The use of literature, while relating to content that aroused from a poem or a short story, led to a connection or an identification with the emotion expressed in the writing stimuli or in opposition to it, and from there to a projection of the internal world of the patient.Results
Through the possibility of alternating between proximity and distance, regard the metaphoric instrument, patients could organize their associations and emotions and express them in a more beneficent way – “normalization” of the cognitive and expressive process.ConclusionsThe analysis of the different group’s sessions, points to the potential of using literature in a therapeutic group with patients in their acute state, at the closed-unit. Examples of verbal reports from different group settings, in which literature was used, will be presented.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
On gender and stroop effect. The REM-ACT study: Acceptance and commitment therapy versus a mindfulness-based emotional regulation intervention in anxiety disorders. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Castellanos-Villaverde T. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Vidal-Bermejo E. , Torrea-Araiz I. , Navarro-Oliver G. , Hospital-Moreno A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionResults about the effects of mindfulness training on the executive function of inhibition are mixed. Research about interventions in anxiety disorders is needed to exam the differential efficacy among men and women, and the factors involved in those potential gender differences.ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) versus a Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation (MER) intervention on inhibitory control according to gender.Methods
This study was carried out in a Mental Health Unit in Spain (Colmenar Viejo, Madrid). Firstly, 80 adult patients with anxiety disorders were randomized according to the score on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (blocking factor), of whom, 64 patients decided to participate (mean age = 40.66, S.D. = 11.43; 40 females). Each intervention was weekly, during 8 weeks, guided by two Clinical Psychology residents. A 2x2x2 mixed ANOVA (pre-post change x intervention type x gender) was conducted, with Sidak-correction post-hoc tests. The dependent variable was the Interference score of the Stroop test.Results
Normality and homoscedasticity assumptions were met. No statistically significant differences were observed on age or gender between interventions. A statistically significant interaction effect was observed between pre-post change x intervention x gender on Interference [F(1, 52) = 5.004, p = .030; statistical power observed = 59.3%]. Improvement in interference was larger for women after ACT (p = .000) and for men after MER (p = .002).ConclusionsThese preliminary results show improvements in inhibition after the two interventions examined. However, each treatment maximizes improvement in different ways according to gender. Further research is required.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
On gender and TMT-A. The REM-ACT study: Acceptance and commitment therapy versus a mindfulness-based emotional regulation intervention in anxiety disorders. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vidal-Bermejo E. , Fernández-Jiménez E. , Castellanos-Villaverde T. , Torrea-Araiz I. , Navarro-Oliver G. , Hospital-Moreno A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is paucity of empirical studies which compare various mindfulness-based interventions on speed of visuomotor tracking and also analyse the differential effect of gender.ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) versus a Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation (MER) intervention on speed of visuomotor tracking according to gender.MethodsThis study was carried out in a Mental Health Unit in Spain (Colmenar Viejo, Madrid). Firstly, 80 adult patients with anxiety disorders were randomized according to the score on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (blocking factor), of whom, 64 patients decided to participate (mean age = 40.66, S.D. = 11.43; 40 females). Each intervention was weekly, during 8 weeks, guided by two Clinical Psychology residents. A 2x2x2 mixed ANOVA (pre-post change x intervention type x gender) was conducted, with Sidak-correction post-hoc tests. The dependent variable was the score on TMT-A.ResultsNormality and homoscedasticity assumptions were met. No statistically significant differences were observed on age or gender between interventions. No statistically significant interaction effect was observed between pre-post change x intervention x gender on TMT-A [F(1, 52) = 2.867, p = .096, statistical power observed = 38.3%]. However, simple effects were statistically significant: while males improved on TMT-A after MER (p = .000; Cohen’s d = 1.092), females did so after ACT (p = .000; Cohen’s d = 1.506).ConclusionsThese results show that gender moderates the improvement of the two mindfulness-based interventions examined on the speed of visuomotor tracking. More research is needed to confirm these findings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Online group psychotherapy during the “lock down”
Authors: Romac D. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe Covid-19 pandemic has limited the classic psychotherapy treatment. EAP provided temporary recommendations for online psychotherapy in March of 2020 which brought new possibilities and limitations and contains rules, ethics and techniques. From the perspective of a psychodynamic therapist, the specificity of online group psychotherapy in the context of strong stressors is described.ObjectivesDuring the “lockdown” period and the earthquakes that occurred simultaneously in Zagreb in March of 2020, the secure Internet platform enabled the continuity of the group’s work in a video link modality.MethodsOnline group had regular weekly meetings which lasted 1.5 hours. The classic rules of group analytical therapy were adapted to the new setting in virtual space. A risk assessment was also performed.ResultsThe six group members and therapist have connected online through more freedom, developed new levels of sensitivity, flexibility and creativity. They have also accepted limitations. The online group is able to provide holding, but deeper connections require a physical presence to exchange emotions that technology interferes with as well as the process of empathizing. Previous live sessions crucial to maintaining emotional connections have served as reservoirs for a period in which communication over the Internet was insufficient.ConclusionsInternet technology can temporarily enable the continuity of a group psychotherapy. Technical and institutional support is recommended. The advantages of technology can be used if the technique is adapted, realistic goals set, and clinical limitations accepted. Many questions about the possibilities of “online psychotherapy” are open and unexplored.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Medication preparation program in Liencres Hospital
Authors: Isidro G. , Bezanilla A. , Galván M. , Saiz Y. , Voces B. , Guitián M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe need to implement a program of autonomy in the handling of oral medication has been observed at the time of discharge from the hospital.Objectives- That the patient is able to know his medication, differentiating between active ingredient and commercial brand. - That the patient is able to interpret the guideline in the electronic prescription. - That the patient is able to prepare his weekly medication autonomously.Methods- The doctor in charge indicates the Program in those patients susceptible to benefit of the same and after consensus with the multidisciplinary team. He validates and prints the electronic prescription well in advance. Preferably the patient himself (alone or accompanied by family members or Educators) get their medication and a weekly “polydosis” at a pharmacy office bringing him with him to the Unit. - Occupational Therapy helps the patient interpret the electronic prescription guideline and place the weekly medication in the “polydosis” and works with the patient in forecasting execution tasks of medication needs for outpatient follow-up.ResultsThe program is well accepted by patients. None of the patients included so far have had an early relapse.ConclusionsThe program has helped patients interpret the medical indications given mnesical and executive difficulties of patients with severe mental disorder.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Trauma and the role of the wounded healer
Authors: Hankir A. , Zaman R. , Carrick F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract BodyCarl Jung used the term, ‘The Wounded Healer’ as an archetypal dynamic to describe a phenomenon which may take place in the relationship between analyst and analysand. Jung discovered the Wounded Healer archetype in relation to himself. For Jung, ‘It is our own hurt that gives the measure of our power to heal‘. Indeed, recurrent themes in the autobiographical narratives of Wounded Healers is that their experiences living with trauma inspired them to become more empathetic, driven and insightful. Many report that debilitating though the symptoms of mental illness are, the stigma is far worse. In this paper we describe the inception of an innovative anti-stigma programme, ‘The Wounded Healer’ that blends the power of storytelling and the performing arts with psychiatry and how The Wounded Healer helps to heal the wounds that were afflicted by the trauma of stigma.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Physical training for inpatients
Authors: Bjerke T. , Wynn R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThere is a high degree of comorbidity between serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD) and cardiovascular disorders. Other life-style related disorders are also common in patients with SMI and SUD. Consequently, comorbidity with somatic diseases contributes to a dramatic reduction in life-expectancy for these patient groups. Physical training has been shown to have positive effects also for mental health, but there has been little systematic use of physical training as part of the treatment for patients suffering from SMI and SUD in Norwegian health care.ObjectivesTo present a new project on physical training for patients suffering from SMI and SUD.MethodsWe briefly describe a project in a major Norwegian hospital, where physical exercise will be offered as part of the treatment for patients suffering from SMI and SUD.ResultsThe Division for Substance Use and Mental Health now offers an exercise room for inpatients at the main clinic in Tromsø, Norway. The exercise room contains various equipment including treadmills and equipment for strength training. This facility has recently been made available and is currently being used by a selection of patients. A study of user experiences is forthcoming and a systematic study of effects of physical exercise for patients suffering from SMI and SUD is being planned.ConclusionsPhysical exercise has been shown to have positive effects also on mental health. In one major Norwegian hospital, facilities are now offered for inpatients suffering from SMI or SUD. The effects of physical exercise on patients with SMI and SUD will be examined.DisclosureNo significant relationships.