bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal emotion regulation strategies: Enabling flexibility in high‐stress work environments
Authors: Gagnon Stéphanie , Monties Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

SummaryWhile scholars have demonstrated that emotions play a central role in cognition, behavior, and decision making, most of the studies on emotions in work contexts show that emotions, or their expression, are often suppressed. We thus investigated how workers in high‐stress work environments deal with emotions and remain functional by focusing on the range of extrinsic regulation strategies used by workers in these environments. Drawing from participant observations and in‐depth, semistructured interviews, we show how police officers are flexible in their choices of emotion‐regulation strategies and how contextual factors emerge as the crux of this process. We contribute to the understanding of regulatory flexibility—defined as the process of matching emotion regulation strategies to environmental circumstances as they unfold in real work situations—by identifying two main enabling factors: coregulation and third party interference.
Generalized Volterra‐type operators on generalized Fock spaces
Authors: Yang Zi‐cong , Zhou Ze‐hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLet φ and g be entire functions on the complex plane . The generalized Volterra‐type operators and induced by φ and g are defined by
and
where f is an entire function and .In this paper, we characterize the boundedness and compactness of the generalized Volterra‐type operators and acting between the generalized Fock spaces , induced by smooth radial weights ϕ that decay faster than the classical Gaussian ones. In addition, we obtain a upper pointwise estimate for the Bergman kernel for .
Regioisomeric Giant Triblock Molecules: Role of the Linker
Authors: Liu Zhongguo , Wang Shuai , Yang Ze , Dong Xue‐Hui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) based giant triblock molecules with precisely defined regio‐configuration are modularly prepared through highly efficient coupling reactions. The length of the linker connecting neighboring nanoparticles is elaborately designed to regulate the geometric constraints. The triblock molecules adopt a folded packing during phase separation, and the regio‐configuration imparts direct influence on the self‐assembly behaviors. The ortho‐isomers form periodic structures with a larger domain size, larger interfacial curvature, and enhanced phase stability. The regio‐effect is closely related to the length and symmetry of the linker. As the linker extends, the neighboring particles gradually decouple, and the regio‐effect diminishes. The symmetry of the linker shows an even more profound impact. This work quantitatively scrutinized the role of the linker, opening an avenue for engineering the assembled structures with molecular precision.
Mutations of TRPM8 channels: Unraveling the molecular basis of activation by cold and ligands
Authors: Plaza‐Cayón Alejandro , González‐Muñiz Rosario , Martín‐Martínez Mercedes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe cation nonselective channel TRPM8 is activated by multiple stimuli, including moderate cold and various chemical compounds (i.e., menthol and icilin [Fig. 1], among others). While research continues growing on the understanding of the physiological involvement of TRPM8 channels and their role in various pathological states, the information available on its activation mechanisms has also increased, supported by mutagenesis and structural studies. This review compiles known information on specific mutations of channel residues and their consequences on channel viability and function. Besides, the comparison of sequence of animals living in different environments, together with chimera and mutagenesis studies are helping to unravel the mechanism of adaptation to different temperatures. The results of mutagenesis studies, grouped by different channel regions, are compared with the current knowledge of TRPM8 structures obtained by cryo‐electron microscopy. Trying to make this review self‐explicative and highly informative, important residues for TRPM8 function are summarized in a figure, and mutants, deletions and chimeras are compiled in a table, including also the observed effects by different methods of activation and the corresponding references. The information provided by this review may also help in the design of new ligands for TRPM8, an interesting biological target for therapeutic intervention.
Tropical tropopause in Tibet: Insights from ground‐based global navigation satellite system and space‐based radio occultation observations
Authors: Jiang Guangwei , Shan Yingying , Guo Chunxi , Zhao Hong , Wang Bin , Zhao Dajiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChanges in the tropopause can explain regional and global weather and climate. In Tibet, there are few radiosonde stations, and the detection height is not high enough. Radio occultation (RO) data are insufficient because of the small regional scale, which is not conducive to the analysis of tropopause change. Moreover, in some middle and high latitudes, it was more difficult to identify the tropopause height from the temperature profile. In this study, an improved method has been developed for the inversion of the tropical tropopause based on a ground‐based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network combined with reanalysis data. Using zenith tropospheric delay data from 49 GNSS reference stations in Tibet from January 2017 to December 2019, combined with ERA5 reanalysis, the tropical tropopause (TPH) was successfully inversed, its temporal and spatial distribution is analysed, and compared with ERA5‐derived TPH obtained by the temperature profile of the interpolated co‐site points. In more than 90% of cases, the difference between the two is <2 km. The root mean square of the tropopause difference detected by GNSS‐derived TPH and RO‐derived TPH was ±1.25 km; the accuracies were at the same level. By combining the tropopause obtained from ground‐based GNSS and that from space‐based RO, temporal and spatial changes in the tropopause were analysed. The tropopause in Tibet has a latitude‐zoning distribution with obvious unimodal seasonal changes. Monthly changes excluding seasonal variation indicate a slight downward trend from 2017 to 2019. At the same time, changes in the tropopause are closely related to those in weather and climate. The results of this study confirm that the combination of ground‐based GNSS and space‐based RO can realize long‐term, continuous, and full coverage monitoring of the regional tropopause. This expands the application possibilities of ground‐based GNSS.
Using a daily diary for monitoring intrusive memories of trauma: A translational data synthesis study exploring convergent validity
Authors: Singh Laura , Ahmed Pihlgren Sara , Holmes Emily A. , Moulds Michelle L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveIntrusive memories are a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder and have transdiagnostic relevance across mental disorders. Establishing flexible methods to monitor intrusions, including patterns and characteristics, is a key challenge. A daily diary has been developed in experimental settings to provide symptom count data, without the need for retrospective self‐report over extended time periods (e.g., 1 week, 1 month). We conducted an exploratory, pre‐registered data synthesis investigating convergence between the diary and questionnaire measures of intrusive symptoms long used in clinical practice (Impact of Event Scale, IES, and revised version, IES‐R, Intrusion subscale).ResultsUtilising datasets using the daily diary from 11 studies (4 real‐world trauma studies, seven analogue trauma studies; total N = 578), we found significant positive associations between the diary and IES/IES‐R Intrusion subscale. Exploratory analyses indicated that the magnitude of this association was stronger for the IES (vs. the IES‐R), and in individuals with real‐world (vs. analogue) trauma.ConclusionThis study provides first evidence of convergent validity of a daily diary for monitoring intrusions with a widely used questionnaire. A diary may be a more flexible methodology to obtain information about intrusions (frequency, characteristics, triggers, content), relative to questionnaires which rely on retrospective reporting of symptoms over extended timeframes. We discuss potential benefits of daily monitoring of intrusions in clinical and research contexts.
Mental health service areas in Switzerland
Authors: Stulz Niklaus , Jörg Reto , Reim‐Gautier Constanze , Bonsack Charles , Conus Philippe , Evans‐Lacko Sara , Gabriel‐Felleiter Kerstin , Heim Eva , Jäger Matthias , Knapp Martin , Richter Dirk , Schneeberger Andres , Thornicroft Graham , Traber Rafael , Wieser Simon , Tuch Alexandre , Hepp Urs 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesSmall area analysis is a health services research technique that facilitates geographical comparison of services supply and utilization rates between health service areas (HSAs). HSAs are functionally relevant regions around medical facilities within which most residents undergo treatment. We aimed to identify HSAs for psychiatric outpatient care (HSA‐PSY) in Switzerland.MethodsWe used HSAr, a new and automated methodological approach, and comprehensive psychiatric service use data from insurances to identify HSA‐PSY based on travel patterns between patients' residences and service sites. Resulting HSA‐PSY were compared geographically, demographically and regarding the use of inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services.ResultsWe identified 68 HSA‐PSY, which were reviewed and validated by local mental health services experts. The population‐based rate of inpatient and outpatient service utilization varied considerably between HSA‐PSY. Utilization of inpatient and outpatient services tended to be positively associated across HSA‐PSY.ConclusionsWide variation of service use between HSA‐PSY can hardly be fully explained by underlying differences in the prevalence or incidence of disorders. Whether other factors such as the amount of services supply did add to the high variation should be addressed in further studies, for which our functional mapping on a small‐scale regional level provides a good analytical framework.
Minimizing recovery cost of network optimization problems
Authors: Ales Zacharie , Elloumi Sourour 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose a two‐stage recoverable robustness approach that minimizes the recovery cost. In many applications, once the uncertainty is revealed, it can be more important to recover a solution which is as similar as possible to the nominal solution than to minimize the nominal objective value of . This for example occurs when the nominal solution is implemented on a regular basis or when the uncertainty is revealed late. We define the proactive problem which minimizes the weighted recovery costs over a discrete set of scenarios while ensuring optimality of the nominal objective value of . We model the recovery cost of a scenario by a distance between the first‐stage nominal solution and the second‐stage solution recovered for this scenario. We show for two different solution distances and that the proactive problem is ‐hard for both the integer min‐cost flow problem with uncertain arc demands and for the integer max‐flow problem with uncertain arc capacities. For these two problems, we prove that once uncertainty is revealed, even identifying a reactive solution with a minimal distance to a given solution is ‐hard for , and is polynomial for . We highlight the benefits of the proactive approach in a case study on a railroad planning problem. First, we compare it to the anchored and the ‐distance approaches. Then, we show the efficiency of the proactive solution over reactive solutions. Finally, we illustrate the recovery cost reduction when relaxing the optimality constraint on the nominal objective of the proactive solution . We also consider the min–max version of the proactive problem where we minimize the maximal recovery cost over all scenarios. We show that the same complexity results hold for this version. We also exhibit a class of problems for which the set of extreme points of the convex hull of a discrete uncertainty set always contain a worst‐case scenario. We show that this result does not hold for three distinct classes deduced from the first one.
What lies between a plan and its execution?
Authors: Vasbinder Jan W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe plan to make dreams come true. But it is an exception when such plans lead to the desired result. Why is that? Why is it so difficult to make a dream come true? Or better: Why is it so difficult to realize plans? Why, in pursuing plans, do we spend inordinate amounts of energy, time and resources addressing the wrong questions and fighting the wrong battles? Yet, we have the illusion that we are in control. Why? One reason is that we do not recognize the complexity of the system that we want to change. Those living in the Western world or in the Westernized world have been educated in linear cause and effect relationships, of being in control, in fighting ourselves out of a conflict.
Meta‐analysis with sample‐standardization in multi‐site studies
Authors: Shu Di , Webster‐Clark Michael , Platt Robert W. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo conceptualize a particular target population and estimand for multi‐site pharmacoepidemiologic studies within data networks and to analytically examine sample‐standardization as a meta‐analytic method compared with inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analyses.MethodsThe target population of interest is all and only all individuals from the data‐contributing sites. Standardization, a general conditioning technique frequently employed for confounding control, was adopted to estimate the network‐wide causal treatment effect. Specifically, the proposed sample‐standardization yields a meta‐analysis estimator, that is, a weighted summation of site‐specific results, where the weight for a site is the proportion of its size in the entire network. This sample‐standardization estimator was evaluated analytically in comparison to estimators from inverse‐variance weighted fixed‐effect and random‐effects meta‐analyses in terms of statistical consistency.ResultsA proof is reported to justify the consistency of the sample‐standardization estimator with and without treatment effect heterogeneity by site. Both inverse‐variance weighted fixed‐effect and random‐effects meta‐analyses were found to generally result in inconsistent estimators in the presence of treatment effect heterogeneity by site for this particular target population and estimand.ConclusionsSample‐standardization is a valid approach to generate causal inference in multi‐site studies when the target population comprises all and only all individuals within the network, even in the presence of heterogeneity of treatment effect by site. Multi‐site studies should clearly specify the target population and estimand to help select the most appropriate meta‐analytic methods.
Laser‐enhanced contact optimization oniTOPCon solar cells
Authors: Fellmeth Tobias , Höffler Hannes , Mack Sebastian , Krassowski Eve , Krieg Katrin , Kafle Bishal , Greulich Johannes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe authors present their work on laser‐enhanced contact optimization (LECO) oniTOPCon solar cells. LECO improves the metal‐semi‐conductor contact resistivityρcon the boron emitter and the n‐TOPCon side from an underfired (thermal budget too low) state of 2.9 and 14.1 mΩcm2to an enhanced state of 1.8 and 2.9 mΩcm2. Therefore, it enables the reduction of the optimal peak firing temperature, which leads to a decrease of metal induced recombination mainly on the boron emitter side and to minor degree on the n‐TOPCon side, as shown in this work. Ultimately, LECO improvesiTOPCon solar cells conversion efficiency by 0.6%abscompared with the optimal fired, untreated reference. Submitting those cells to 140°C and 2 suns equivalent irradiation for more than 4 h shows no impact on the conversion efficiency or any sign of light and elevated temperature‐induced degradation (LeTID). Confirmed by ISE CalLab, LECO improvediTOPCon solar cells reach 23.8% and 24.1% conversion efficiency on industrial typical wafer formats and processes.
A method for making Red List assessments with herbarium data and distribution models for species‐rich plant taxa: Lessons from the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae)
Authors: Verspagen Nadja , Erkens Roy H. J. 
Published: August 2022

Societal Impact StatementDespite its importance, biodiversity is declining rapidly. To adequately prioritise conservation efforts, we need to know how threatened species actually are. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is the most widely recognised tool for assessing extinction risk. Unfortunately, many lesser‐known species are not yet represented, such as those that are rarely collected or are in species‐rich taxon groups. This is potentially due to low data availability, although Red List assessments can still be made with little data. We present a method to rapidly assess the conservation status of species that have low data availability, which will speed up the inclusion of species from large groups into the IUCN Red List.Summary• The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is the most widely recognised tool to assess the extinction risk of species. For it to be effective in directing conservation effort, it is important that as many species as possible are represented, but many are unfortunately not. A lack of data is often the main reason for this, especially for lesser‐studied species. However, this does not mean assessments cannot be made.• We examine the use of georeferenced herbarium data in combination with species distribution modelling for assessing plants on the IUCN Red List, with Guatteria (Annonaceae), a genus of Neotropical trees, as a case study. We focus on differences between preliminary and officially published assessments, show the final conservation status of all Guatteria species and provide a roadmap for compiling Red List assessments for species‐rich plant groups in the future.• We found that species‐distribution models aid in compiling Red List assessments, especially for taxa that lack data, but expert opinion remains an important source of information. Half of Guatteria species (48.0%) are Least Concern, and 13.1% of species are near threatened or threatened. The remaining species are Data Deficient or Not Evaluated. Most of our preliminary assessments remained unchanged upon review and publication on the IUCN Red List.• Our method allows for assessing a large group of taxa in a relatively short amount of time. We argue that this benefit outweighs the potential disadvantage of a lack of detail in these assessments, emphasising the potential of this method for future Red List assessments.
Prostate cancer cells demonstrate unique metabolism and substrate adaptability acutely after androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Filon Mikolaj J. , Gillette Amani A. , Yang Bing , Khemees Tariq A. , Skala Melissa C. , Jarrard David F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard of care for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (PC), yet tumors invariably develop resistance resulting in castrate‐resistant PC. The acute response of cancer cells to ADT includes apoptosis and cell death, but a large fraction remains arrested but viable. In this study, we focused on intensively characterizing the early metabolic changes that result after ADT to define potential metabolic targets for treatment.MethodsA combination of mass spectrometry, optical metabolic imaging which noninvasively measures drug responses in cells, oxygen consumption rate, and protein expression analysis was used to characterize and block metabolic pathways over several days in multiple PC cell lines with variable hormone response status including ADT sensitive lines LNCaP and VCaP, and resistant C4‐2 and DU145.ResultsMass spectrometry analysis of LNCaP pre‐ and postexposure to ADT revealed an abundance of glycolytic intermediates after ADT. In LNCaP and VCaP, a reduction in the optical redox ratio [NAD(P)H/FAD], extracellular acidification rate, and a downregulation of key regulatory enzymes for fatty acid and glutamine utilization was acutely observed after ADT. Screening several metabolic inhibitors revealed that blocking fatty acid oxidation and synthesis reversed this stress response in the optical redox ratio seen with ADT alone in LNCaP and VCaP. In contrast, both cell lines demonstrated increased sensitivity to the glycolytic inhibitor 2‐Deoxy‐
d‐glucose(2‐DG) and maintained sensitivity to electron transport chain inhibitor Malonate after ADT exposure. ADT followed by 2‐DG results in synergistic cell death, a result not seen with simultaneous administration.ConclusionsHormone‐sensitive PC cells displayed altered metabolic profiles early after ADT including an overall depression in energy metabolism, induction of a quiescent/senescent phenotype, and sensitivity to selected metabolic inhibitors. Glycolytic blocking agents (e.g., 2‐DG) as a sequential treatment after ADT may be promising.
Are higher pre‐diagnosis follicle stimulating hormone levels associated with long‐term prostate cancer risk?
Authors: Dymanus Kyle , Howard Lauren E. , Oyekunle Taofik , De Hoedt Amanda M. , Labadzhyan Artak , Polascik Thomas , Freedland Stephen J. , Klaassen Zachary 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFollicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a pituitary hormone that helps regulate testosterone homeostasis. Although it is generally accepted that FSH levels increase with LHRH‐agonist therapy for prostate cancer (PC), the specific impact of FSH levels on risk of PC diagnosis is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to perform a population‐level analysis to assess the association between FSH levels and PC diagnosis.MethodsAll men (n = 386,018) who had a pre‐PC diagnosis FSH level and complete data were identified within the Veterans Affairs Health System between 1999 and 2018. The association between FSH level and time from FSH test to PC diagnosis was tested using stratified Cox proportional hazards models. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, year, race, body mass index, and Charlson comorbidity index. Due to nonproportional hazards over time, time to PC was modeled separately: ≤4 years after an FSH test and >4 years following an FSH test.ResultsMedian age at first FSH level was 64 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 54–72), median year of FSH was 2010 (IQR: 2005–2014), and 70% of the cohort was white. Median follow‐up was 76 months (IQR: 38–126) during which 17,519 men (4.5%) were diagnosed with PC. On multivariable analysis, in the first 4 years after FSH test, there was no association between FSH and time to PC diagnosis. Starting from 4 years after FSH test, on multivariable analysis, a higher FSH level was associated with lower risk of PC with continuous modeling, but found no association with log continuous and categorical modeling.ConclusionsIn this population‐level study among male veterans receiving an FSH test for an unknown clinical indication, associations between FSH levels and PC risk were inconsistent and likely driven by selection bias and confounding variables. Future studies should consider different study designs.