bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential Characteristics of Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Chen Wenbin , Song Lekai , Wang Shengbo , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Guanyu , Hu Guohua , Gao Shuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe memristor is a resistive switch where its resistive state is programable based on the applied voltage or current. Memristive devices are thus capable of storing and computing information simultaneously, breaking the Von Neumann bottleneck. Since the first nanomemristor made by Hewlett‐Packard in 2008, advances so far have enabled nanostructured, low‐power, high‐durability devices that exhibit superior performance over conventional CMOS devices. Herein, the development of memristors based on different physical mechanisms is reviewed. In particular, device stability, integration density, power consumption, switching speed, retention, and endurance of memristors, that are crucial for neuromorphic computing, are discussed in detail. An overview of various neural networks with a focus on building a memristor‐based spike neural network neuromorphic computing system is then provided. Finally, the existing issues and challenges in implementing such neuromorphic computing systems are analyzed, and an outlook for brain‐like computing is proposed.
Boosting Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction via an Unexpected Dynamic Evolution of Molybdenum and Selenium on MoSe2 Electrode
Authors: Zhou Lihai , Yang Chunming , Zhu Wangchuan , Li Ran , Pang Xiangxiang , Zhen Yanzhong , Wang Chuantao , Gao Loujun , Fu Feng , Gao Ziwei , Liang Yucang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransition metal chalcogenides are a promising and extremely pivotal class of electrocatalysts with potential applications in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), especially, molybdenum diselenide. Although the exposed edge sites are generally considered to be the active sites of MoSe2 for HER, an intrinsic behavior (surface species evolution, structure/morphology conversion, stability) of MoSe2 electrode itself was not unveiled. Herein, the origin of MoSe2‐electrocatalyzed HER activity monitored by the quasi‐operando XPS and in situ Raman spectroscopy is presented. The findings clearly show dynamic evolution of both Mo and Se species on MoSe2 electrode surface for promoting HER activity and maintaining long‐term catalytic stability and reveal an electro‐oxidative dissolution and re‐adsorption mechanism. Theoretical calculations also corroborate these results. As expected, the addition of single or mixed MoO42− and SeO32− to the electrolyte of nickel foam directly verifies the critical role of surface‐adsorbed Mo and Se species for boosting HER activity and stability. Additionally, the oxidative dissolution of Se on NixSey electrode surface during HER is also observed, revealing the universality of oxidative dissolution of Se in transition metal selenides. This study provides a unique insight into the species evolution and surface structure transformation mechanism and activity improved origin of materials during the electroreduction process.
Defect Engineering in Prussian Blue Analogs for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Cao Yu , Sun Jie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrussian blue (PB) and its analogs (PBAs) are considered one of the most promising materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The typical PB with perfect structure and highly integrated lattice has excellent structural stability, but the possible structural defects inevitably generated in the synthesis process will deteriorate its structure during cycling, resulting in rapid capacity degradation, and impede their practical application. However, not all defects are detrimental, as proper defect construction can customize the local nature of PB to achieve outstanding new functions. This paper reviews various defect engineering designs for PBAs, such as the creation/suppression of cation or anion vacancies, the introduction of cation doping, the reduction of dislocation defects, and the construction of pore‐defect engineering. As a result, the structure–activity relationship between defects and electrochemical performance of SIBs is summarized. Moreover, the existing challenges and future development prospects are discussed, and the potential application of defect engineering in PBAs for SIBs is emphasized.
A Codoping Strategy for Efficient Planar Heterojunction Sb2S3 Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Shiwu , Li Mingyu , Zhu Yongcheng , Cai Xueqin , Xiao Feng , Ma Tianjun , Yang Ji , Shen Guohuan , Ke An , Lu Yue , Liang Wenxi , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Chen Chao , Tang Jiang , Song Haisheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAntimony sulfide is a promising wide bandgap light‐harvesting material owing to its high absorption coefficient, nontoxicity, superior stability, and low cost. However, the reported Sb2S3 absorber suffers from complicated defect characteristics due to its quasi‐1D structure. Herein, a codoping technique from chlorine and selenium is developed in hydrothermal method to regulate the film defect properties and promote the device efficiency. The theoretical calculation and experimental results demonstrate that the Cl&Se codoping plays a synergistic role in absorber film quality improvement. Se doping could efficiently fill the intrinsic deep defect level VS and Cl is a benign n‐type dopant and favor [hk1] oriented deposition. Systematic device physical characterizations verify the codoped device superior heterojunction quality and much lower interface and bulk defect density comparing with control one. The optimal codoping device delivers a certified power conversion efficiency of 7.15% (5.9% for control one), the highest certified value in planar Sb2S3 solar cells. This study develops an effective doping strategy with multi‐element synergistic incorporation which sheds new light on high‐efficiency Sb2S3 solar cells.
Controlled Adsorption Boosting the Cumulation of H2O2 Based on the Chain Mail Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Yan , Duan Guangxin , He Jing‐Hui , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSynthesis of H2O2 through oxygen electro‐reduction is a green sustainable route but suffers from the slow kinetics and limited cumulation of H2O2, because of the exceedingly slow oxygen diffusion and oxygen being directly reduced to water. Here, it has been proposed voltage pulse‐regulated catalysis achieves the continuous accumulation of H2O2 concentrations up to 50 times greater than constant catalysis based on the chain mail catalyst, which is capable of catalysis steadily for 3.6 million pulses (2000 h) at one current level. When using a flow cell, the preparation rate of 39 977 mmol gcat−1 h−1 is achieved, exceeding previous records. Because the applied voltage regulates the adsorption of O2/ H2O2 from the catalyst, as verified by molecular dynamics simulations, the chain mail catalyst exhibits a lower barrier to oxygen adsorption than the direct reduction of oxygen to water, achieving rapid and continuous cumulation. In addition, the direct use of in‐situ produced H2O2 achieves complete sterilization in two minutes demonstrating the potential for application at an industrial level.
Body surface area equations for physically active men and women
Authors: Looney David P. , Potter Adam W. , Arcidiacono Danielle M. , Santee William R. , Friedl Karl E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo improve predictive formulae for estimating body surface area (BSA) in healthy men and women using a modern three‐dimensional scanner technology.MethodsBody surface areas were obtained from a convenience sample of 1267 US Marines (464 women and 803 men) using a whole body surface scanner (Size Stream SS20). The reliability of SS20 measures of total and regional BSA within participants was compared across triplicate scans. We then derived a series of formulae to estimate SS20‐measured BSA using various combinations of sex, height, and mass. We also assessed relationships between percent body fat measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and sex‐specific formulae errors in Marines.ResultsBody surface areas recorded by the SS20 were highly reliable whether measured for the total body or by region (ICC ≥ .962). Formulae estimates of BSA from sex, height, and mass were precise (root‐mean‐square deviation, 0.031 m2). Errors from the Marine Corps formulae were positively associated with percent body fat for men (p = .001) but not women (p = .843).ConclusionsClinicians, military leaders, and researchers can use the newly developed BSA formulae for precise estimates in healthy physically active men and women. Users should be aware that height‐ and mass‐based BSA estimates are less accurate for individuals with extremely low or high percent body fat.
Keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness syndrome with lethal p.Ala88Val variant and severe hypercalcemia
Authors: López‐Sundh Ana Elísabet , Escribano‐Palomino Esperanza , Feito‐Rodríguez Marta , Tenorio Jair , Brizzi María Emilia , Krasnovska Zayets Khrystyna , Servera‐Negra Guillermo , de Lucas‐Laguna Raúl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractKeratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness (KID) syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by pathogenic variants in connexin 26 (gene GJB2), which is part of the transmembrane channels of the epithelia. Connexin 26 is expressed mainly in the cornea, the sensory epithelium of the inner ear, and in the skin keratinocytes, which are the three main target organs in KID syndrome. Approximately a dozen pathogenic variants have been described to date, including some lethal forms. Patients with lethal pathogenic variants present with severe symptoms from birth and die from sepsis during the first year of life. We present a premature female patient with KID syndrome carrying the lethal p.Ala88Val pathogenic variant in GJB2. In addition to the respiratory distress associated with this variant, our patient presented severe hypercalcemia of unexplained origin refractory to treatment. This abnormality has not been reported earlier in other patients with KID syndrome with the same variant.
Chiral Analysis of Pharmaceuticals Using NMR Spectroscopy: A Review
Authors: Kumar Vashistha Vinod 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChirality recognition of pharmaceutical products plays a significant part in asymmetric synthesis, stereoselective catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, and the development of new drug substances. NMR spectroscopy is a potential technique utilized not only for the determination of chemical structure but also for chirality analysis. Three main approaches are developed for the assessment of the chirality of organic compounds through NMR spectroscopy that depends on the use of chiral discriminating agents such as chiral solvating agents, and chiral derivatizing agents. This article highlights the recent advances in chiral recognition of pharmaceutically important compounds using NMR spectroscopic methods.
Effectiveness of buccal dental‐microwear texture in African Cercopithecoidea dietary discrimination
Authors: Martínez Laura M. , Estebaranz‐Sánchez Ferran , Romero Alejandro , Ibáñez Juan José , Hidalgo‐Trujillo Luis , Avià Yasmina , Pérez‐Pérez Alejandro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study compares ISO (ISO/FDIS 25178) roughness parameters, calculated from three‐dimensional (3D) molar buccal microtexture surfaces, among African Cercopithecoidea primates with different diets.Materials and MethodsWe examined 98 lower second molars from seven African Cercopithecoidea species with diverse dietary regimes and habitat exploitation. Buccal dental surfaces were analyzed using a Sensofar Plu Neox laser scanning confocal microscope. Thirty‐eight, areal surface texture parameters were extracted (Mountain 7® software). Uni‐ and multivariate statistics were used to obtain diet‐related patterns of buccal‐microwear textures and feeding ecology to differentiate between species.ResultsBuccal‐dental 3D texture parameters discriminate between Cercopithecoidea diets. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant variation in microwear texture between forest‐adapted Mandrillus sphinx, which showed coarse flat features, and grassland forager Theropithecus gelada, whose buccal surfaces were characterized by a high density of thin features. Buccal‐microwear textures of folivorous species (Colobus polykomos) were related to a lower density of thicker surface indentations in comparison to Papio anubis and Cercocebus atys which are adapted to the consumption of tough and hard foods. The limited interspecific variation in the buccal‐microwear textures of savanna dwellers (Chlorocebus pygerythrus and Chlorocebus aethiops) probably reflects similarities in their foraging diets.DiscussionSignificant variations between‐species demonstrate that 3D microwear ISO roughness parameters applied to buccal enamel surfaces can distinguish between the diets of Cercopithecoidea.
Reply to Correspondence on “Synergy and Antagonism between Allosteric and Active‐Site Inhibitors of Abl Tyrosine Kinase”
Authors: Johnson Taylor K. , Bochar Daniel A. , Vandecan Nathalie M. , Furtado Jessica , Agius Michael P. , Phadke Sameer , Soellner Matthew B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractManley and co‐workers provide data demonstrating that, at super‐pharmacological concentrations (300 μM), a ternary complex between Abl, asciminib, and ATP‐competitive inhibitors is possible. The work in our manuscript concerns the interplay of asciminib (and GNF‐2) with ATP‐competitive inhibitors at pharmacologically relevant concentrations (Cmax=1.6–3.7 μM for asciminib). Manley and co‐workers do not question any of the studies that we reported, nor do they provide explanations for how our work fits into their preferred model. Herein, we consider the data presented by Manley and co‐workers. In addition, we provide new data supporting the findings in our Communication. Asciminib and ATP‐competitive inhibitors do not simultaneously bind Abl at pharmacologically relevant concentrations unless the conformation selectivity for both ligands is matched.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of Fused Benzo‐Aza‐Oxa‐[5‐6‐5] Tetracycles
Authors: Liu Chao , Tan Xiangwen , Zhan Lingzhi , Jing Yaru , Wu Wanqing , Ke Zhuofeng , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA novel and expedient cascade strategy has been demonstrated for the synthesis of fused benzo‐aza‐oxa‐[5‐6‐5] tetracycles in high yields and diastereoselectivities (up to 20 : 1 dr). The strategy was fulfilled through palladium‐catalyzed oxidative convergent assembly of functionally divergent anilines and 3‐butenoic acid with five chemical bonds constructed. Coupled with control experiments and deuterium labelled studies, DFT calculations were performed for the proposed mechanism. The utility of the illustrated strategy is emphasized by gram‐scale syntheses, late‐stage functionalization, and the transformation to a key core of natural products such as martinellic acid and seneciobipyrrolidine.
Multi‐Spatiotemporal Probing of Neurochemical Events by Advanced Electrochemical Sensing Methods
Authors: Wu Fei , Yu Ping , Mao Lanqun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurochemical events involving biosignals of different time and space dimensionalities constitute the complex basis of neurological functions and diseases. In view of this fact, electrochemical measurements enabling real‐time quantification of neurochemicals at multiple levels of spatiotemporal resolution can provide informative clues to decode the molecular networks bridging vesicles and brains. This Minireview focuses on how scientific questions regarding the properties of single vesicles, neurotransmitter release kinetics, interstitial neurochemical dynamics, and multisignal interconnections in vivo have driven the design of electrochemical nano/microsensors, sensing interface engineering, and signal/data processing. An outlook for the future frontline in this realm will also be provided.
Electrocatalytic CO2 Upgrading to Triethanolamine by Bromine‐Assisted C2H4 Oxidation
Authors: Wang Qihao , Yang Chao , Yan Yaqin , Yu Haisheng , Guan Anxiang , Kan Miao , Zhang Quan , Zhang Linjuan , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is a promising approach for converting this greenhouse gas into value‐added chemicals, while the capability of producing products with longer carbon chains (Cn>3) is limited. Herein, we demonstrate the Br‐assisted electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene (C2H4), a major CO2 electroreduction product, into 2‐bromoethanol by electro‐generated bromine on metal phthalocyanine catalysts. Due to the preferential formation of Br2 over *O or Cl2 to activate the C=C bond, a high partial current density of producing 2‐bromoethanol (46.6 mA⋅cm−2) was obtained with 87.2 % Faradaic efficiency. Further coupling with the electrocatalytic nitrite reduction to ammonia at the cathode allowed the production of triethanolamine with six carbon atoms. Moreover, by coupling a CO2 electrolysis cell for in situ C2H4 generation and a C2H4 oxidation/nitrite reduction cell, the capability of upgrading of CO2 and nitrite into triethanolamine was demonstrated.
Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light‐Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching
Authors: Shi Yafei , Zeng Yi , Kucheryavy Pavel , Yin Xiaodong , Zhang Kai , Meng Guoyun , Chen Jinfa , Zhu Qian , Wang Nan , Zheng Xiaoyan , Jäkle Frieder , Chen Pangkuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUltralong afterglow emissions due to room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light‐emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom‐free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well‐known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo‐responsive RTP materials. The intramolecular LP M1BNM not only shows a dynamic response to thermal treatment due to reversible N→B coordination but crystals of M1BNM also undergo rapid photochromic switching. As a result, unusual emission switching from short‐lived fluorescence to long‐lived phosphorescence (rad‐M1BNM, τRTP=232 ms) is observed. The reported discoveries in the field of Lewis pairs chemistry offer important insights into their structural dynamics, while also pointing to new opportunities for photoactive materials with implications for fast responsive detectors.
Preparation and evaluation of double‐hydrophilic diblock copolymer as viscosity reducers for heavy oil
Authors: Wu Ruonan , Yan Yuhan , Li Xingxing , Tan Yebang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, a series of double‐hydrophilic diblock copolymers ofN‐acryloylmorpholine (NAMO) andN,N‐dialkylacrylamide are prepared as the additives for viscosity reduction, which could effectively interact with the asphaltenes and resins. The viscosity reduction effects of the types ofN,N‐dialkylacrylamide monomer (N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide &N,N‐diethyl acrylamide) and degree of polymerization (DP) of poly(N,N‐dialkylacrylamide) block in copolymers on heavy oil are tested with heavy oils with different viscosities. These viscosity reducers can work with small dosages (>25 mg L−1). The interfacial tension between oil and water is significantly weakened, and the aggregating structures of asphaltenes and resins are disassembled into smaller aggregates and covered with polymers with the addition of copolymers. The re‐establishment of aggregates among polar components seems to be prevented, and the stability of the heavy oil/water emulsions is greatly enhanced as a result. All these results provide the prerequisites for water‐soluble diblock copolymers working as viscosity reducers for various heavy oils.
In Situ Synthesized Homochiral Spiroborate Ester Metal‐Organic Framework with Mono‐, Di‐, and Trivalent Cations
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Yang Huajun , Hong Anh N. , Wang Yanxiang , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe report here a one‐step method for synthesizing multi‐component and in‐situ‐formed homochiral spiroborate‐ester‐based metal‐organic framework CPM‐B1. This unique material successfully integrates COF fragment spiroborate ester within the MOF and simultaneously incorporate homochirality and helicity. In addition, CPM‐B1 is a rare example of framework materials that results from the cooperative assembly of three charge‐complementary cations: +1 (lithium), +2 (cobalt), and +3 (boron). The sophistication of the co‐assembly is further highlighted by the three structural roles of lithium ions. This unique structure contributes to its multi‐functional properties such as ionic conductivity and catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (by CPM‐B1 carbonized material) and provides a new path to develop MOF materials with complex secondary building units and multi‐functional applications.
The roles of atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature in UK surface climate
Authors: Fereday David , Knight Jeff 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAtmospheric circulation has been identified as a key driver of recent extreme seasons in the UK, while local sea surface temperature (SST) also influences UK surface climate. Here, we investigate the roles of atmospheric circulation and SST in driving UK climate, using atmospheric model simulations with constrained global atmospheric circulation and selected SST boundary conditions. These simulations successfully reproduce observed UK‐mean temperature and precipitation. For UK temperature, circulation has a larger effect than SST for all seasons and timescales. SST influence peaks in summer on seasonal timescales. For precipitation, SST influence is weaker and is modulated by circulation. Nevertheless, SST effects provide skilful forecasts of spring and autumn UK temperature, and also contribute to UK temperature extremes in winter and summer.
Industrial oilseed crops in Chile: Current situation and future potential
Authors: Román‐Figueroa Celián , Cea Mara , Paneque Manuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndustrial crops are becoming increasingly relevant as raw materials for different goods and services. Although there are many oilseed crops with industrial purposes, data about their production in Chile are scarce because the definition used by the Office of Agricultural Studies and Policies places agro‐industrial and industrial crops in the same category. Here, we review the available information about 12 industrial oleaginous crops at different levels of development (four native, two adventive and six introduced crops). Most of these crops have been evaluated for or are related to biodiesel production, despite the lack of commercial biodiesel production in Chile. Jojoba was the first industrial oilseed produced commercially in Chile; however, every year its production area decreases, and currently it does not exceed 100 ha. Sunflower and rapeseed, which are the first generation of raw materials for biodiesel production, have been poorly studied in Chile despite the large number of studies available on them worldwide. Camelina and castor bean have recently been studied; the former is produced in the south, while the latter is produced on the coastline in northern Chile. Further research is needed to improve the production and adaptation of these oilseed crops to climatic conditions in Chile; moreover, a new market must be opened to produce and commercialize their oils. Oilseed species native to Chile have not been extensively studied, and they represent an interesting option suitable for production under Chilean climatic conditions; this is particularly true for guindilla and chañar, because both can grow under different abiotic stresses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.