bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbidity and functional outcomes after hip fracture: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Nguyen David , Lightfoot David , Journeay W. Shane 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
The objective of the review is to examine the association between comorbidity and functional outcomes after hip fracture.

Introduction:
Patients who have suffered a hip fracture are at risk of poor functional recovery, which may be influenced by factors such as age, functional status at baseline, and comorbid conditions. Patients recovering from a hip fracture seldom present without other comorbid conditions. This proposed review will lead to a better understanding of the association between comorbidity and functional recovery after hip fracture and will assist in the medical support of patients recovering from these injuries.

Inclusion criteria:
Systematic reviews that include cohort studies reporting on comorbidity and functional outcomes after hip fracture in adults (≥ 18 years old) published at any time will be included. Study protocols, papers that are not systematic reviews, papers not reporting on comorbidities or functional outcomes, and papers published in languages other than English will be excluded from the review.

Methods:
The JBI methodology for umbrella reviews will be followed. MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched. Two reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria. Data extraction will be performed by 2 independent reviewers on the reviews selected for inclusion. Extracted study characteristics will include the author, year published, databases searched, number of studies/patients included, comorbidity measures, functional outcomes, presence of meta-analysis, and bias appraisal results. The quality of included studies will be reported using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses. A summary of the extracted data will be presented in tabular format and a narrative synthesis will be performed on the collected systematic reviews that meet the inclusion criteria.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021272502
Inverse Methods in Thermal Radiation Analysis and Experiment
Authors: Ertürk Hakan , Daun Kyle , França Francis H. R. , Hajimirza Shima , Howell John R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Most thermal radiation problems are analyzed in a “forward” manner, in which the aim is to predict the response of a system based on well-defined boundary conditions. In practice, however, many thermal radiation problems are inverse problems. For example, the goal of many furnace design problems is to find a configuration that realizes a particular irradiation profile on a target, while in measurement problems, transmitted or reflected radiation measured with sensors at a boundary may be used to infer the properties of matter within the boundary. Such inverse problems are often mathematically ill-posed because they may have multiple solutions or no solution at all. Consequently, analyzing these types of problems is more complex than is required for forward problems. In this review, we examine the various types and characteristics of inverse problems, outline standard inverse solution methods for them, and review the historical and contemporary literature.
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer From Swirling Open Spherical Cavity
Authors: Rana Basanta Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work reports a numerical study on mixed convection flows around a swirling spherical shaped open vessel in air within the laminar regime. This investigation is quite important and relevant in various industrial operations like centrifugal casting, formation of shield surfaces, thermal processing of different food stuffs, etc. This study aims to characterize the fluid flow and heat transfer behavior from both inner and outer surfaces of the open cavity. Governing differential equations, such as continuity, momentum, and energy are solved by using finite volume technique to describe the effect of relevant pertinent parameters over wide range: Rayleigh number (103≤Ra≤107), height to diameter ratio (0.15≤h/D≤0.95), and Reynolds number (0≤ReD≤300). It is observed that the plume is deformed greatly by swirling effect at higher ReD and lower Ra for a fixed h/D. The percentage of increase of heat transfer rate from ReD=0 to ReD≠ 0 is significantly higher at lower Ra for all cases of h/D. Lastly, a suitable correlation for average Nusselt number is proposed as a function of Ra, h/D, and ReD, which shows a satisfactory agreement with numerical data. This correlation is expected to be helpful for academic and industrial purposes.
Design and Analysis of a New Pressure Relief Valve for Oil-Immersed Electrical Equipment
Authors: Luo Liang , Li Jinzhong , Zhang Nong , Wang Ke , Zhang Shuqi , Liang Ningchuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Internal arcing in oil-immersed electrical equipment is inevitable and of great danger. Transient overpressure should be released by protectors quickly and controllably. Currently available pressure relief valves cannot fully protect the electrical equipment due to mismatch between insufficient relief capacity with correspondingly weak valve structure and increasing arcing energy in upgrading electrical systems. Additionally, flaming possibility of ejected high-temperature oil–gas mixture is distinct, and retained oil in an oil tank without any isolation may be ignited by the flame. Unfortunately, resealing of some existing single-outlet valves is out of control due to asymmetrical hydraulic pressure distribution on the valve plate which causes unstable valve plate movement. Therefore, a new pressure relief valve characterized by symmetrical outlets and improved pressure relief capacity was developed. The novel structure and function of the new valve was first introduced, and comprehensive analysis regarding dynamic performances, strength and fluid development during the relief process were conducted. Finally, a prototype was manufactured and tested on a specific arcing test system. The developed valve can well release the overpressure generated by a 6 MJ equivalent arcing fault without any flame during the entire relief process. Furthermore, the valve structure can withstand the pressure load, and valve plate can precisely reseal the oil tank due to optimized fluid pressure distribution. This research provides an optimized pressure relief valve and a design guide for improved pressure relief valve.
Integrated Electric Spark Testing of Continuity and Unacceptable Thinning of Dielectric Coatings
Authors: Syas’ko V. A. , Litvinov B. Ya. , Musikhin A. S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At present, the main method for detecting continuity defects in dielectric coatings is the electrospark method of nondestructive testing (NDT). However, minimum coating thickness requirements are applied to most modern coatings. It seems promising to carry out tolerance control of the testing of dielectric coatings in one technological process with control of their continuity due to changes in the existing testing methods and the method of forming the test voltage. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the processes of sparking occurring upon detection of through and nonthrough defects in dielectric coatings on electrically conductive substrates has been carried out. The minimum control voltages have been measured and calculated for the studied dielectric coatings, taking into account the detection of both through defects and unacceptable thinning. The application of a probabilistic approach to the detection of the above defects is proposed. It is shown that with a known value of the electrical strength of the coating, it is possible to detect both through and nonthrough defects with a calculated probability in coatings with a given test voltage.
Risk of total hip arthroplasty after elite sport: linking 3304 former world-class athletes with the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Nilsen Daniel Hoseth , Furnes Ove , Kroken Gard , Robsahm Trude Eid , Johnsen Marianne Bakke , Engebretsen Lars , Nordsletten Lars , Bahr Roald , Lie Stein Atle 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesAt present, there is no cure for osteoarthritis (OA), but severe hip joint degeneration can require total hip arthroplasty (THA). The literature on OA after elite sport is limited. We hypothesise that elite athletic activity increases the risk of receiving a THA later in life.MethodsWe linked a cohort of former Norwegian world-class athletes (1402 females and 1902 males, active 1936–2006) to the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register (THA performed 1987–2020). We used standardised incidence ratio (SIR), one-minus Kaplan-Meier and relative Cox regression (relative HR, RHR), with 95% CIs, and funnel plots at age 75, to assess THA risk for different sport disciplines, joint impact categories of sport disciplines and sex. The risk of THA for the corresponding general Norwegian population was used as reference.ResultsWe found an overall increased risk for THA for the former elite athletes (SIR 2.11, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.40) at age 75 years, compared with the general population. THA risk at age 75 years was 11.6% for female athletes and 8.3% for male athletes. SIR was 1.90 (95% CI 1.49 to 2.31) for female and 2.28 (95% CI 1.87 to 2.70) for male athletes. Among males, high joint impact sport disciplines were associated with increased risk compared with low-impact sport disciplines (RHR 1.81, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.08, p=0.029).ConclusionHaving been an elite athlete was associated with a doubling of THA risk compared with the general population for both sexes. High joint impact sport disciplines were associated with subsequent THA for male athletes.
Healthspan and chronic disease burden among young adult and middle-aged male former American-style professional football players
Authors: Grashow Rachel , Shaffer-Pancyzk Taylor Valencia , Dairi Inana , Lee Hang , Marengi Dean , Baker Jillian , Weisskopf Marc G , Speizer Frank E , Whittington Alicia J , Taylor Herman A , Keating Dylan , Tenforde Adam , Guseh James Sawalla , Wasfy Meagan M , Zafonte Ross , Baggish Aaron 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo examine the relationships between age, healthspan and chronic illness among former professional American-style football (ASF) players.MethodsWe compared age-specific race-standardised and body mass index-standardised prevalence ratios of arthritis, dementia/Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension and diabetes among early adult and middle-aged (range 25–59 years) male former professional ASF players (n=2864) with a comparator cohort from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and National Health Interview Survey, two representative samples of the US general population. Age was stratified into 25–29, 30–39, 40–49 and 50–59 years.ResultsArthritis and dementia/Alzheimer’s disease were more prevalent among ASF players across all study age ranges (all p<0.001). In contrast, hypertension and diabetes were more prevalent among ASF players in the youngest age stratum only (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). ASF players were less likely to demonstrate intact healthspan (ie, absence of chronic disease) than the general population across all age ranges.ConclusionThese data suggest the emergence of a maladaptive early ageing phenotype among former professional ASF players characterised by premature burden of chronic disease and reduced healthspan. Additional study is needed to investigate these findings and their impact on morbidity and mortality in former ASF players and other athlete groups.
Inverse association between blood pressure and pulse oximetry accuracy: an observational study in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection
Authors: Crooks Colin J , West Joe , Morling Jo , Simmonds Mark , Juurlink Irene , Briggs Steve , Cruickshank Simon , Hammond-Pears Susan , Shaw Dominick , Card Tim , Fogarty Andrew W 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundPulse oximeters are a standard non-invasive tool to measure blood oxygen levels, and are used in multiple healthcare settings. It is important to understand the factors affecting their accuracy to be able to use them optimally and safely. This analysis aimed to explore the association of the measurement error of pulse oximeters with systolic BP, diastolic BP and heart rate (HR) within ranges of values commonly observed in clinical practice.MethodsThe study design was a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted to a large teaching hospital with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection from February 2020 to December 2021. Data on systolic and diastolic BPs and HR levels were available from the same time period as the pulse oximetry measurements.ResultsData were available for 3420 patients with 5927 observations of blood oxygen saturations as measured by pulse oximetry and ABG sampling within 30 min. The difference in oxygen saturation using the paired pulse oximetry and arterial oxygen saturation difference measurements was inversely associated with systolic BP, increasing by 0.02% with each mm Hg decrease in systolic BP (95% CI 0.00% to 0.03%) over a range of 80–180 mm Hg. Inverse associations were also observed between the error for oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry and with both diastolic BP (+0.03%; 95% CI 0.00% to 0.05%) and HR (+0.04%; 95% CI 0.02% to 0.06% for each unit decrease in the HR).ConclusionsCare needs to be taken in interpreting pulse oximetry measurements in patients with lower systolic and diastolic BPs, and HRs, as oxygen saturation is overestimated as BP and HR decrease. Confirmation of the oxygen saturation with an ABG may be appropriate in some clinical scenarios.
Discrimination, identity connectedness and tobacco use in a sample of sexual and gender minority young adults
Authors: Budenz Alex , Gaber Jennifer , Crankshaw Erik , Malterud Andie , Peterson Emily B , Wagner Dana E , Sanders Emily C 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionStudies show that tobacco use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations is disproportionately higher than heterosexual or cisgender populations. However, few studies have examined tobacco use among SGM subgroups by race/ethnicity or associations between SGM-specific discrimination and connection to SGM identity and tobacco use.MethodsThis study analysed survey data from 11 313 SGM (gay, lesbian, bisexual, other sexual minority or gender minority) young adults in the USA and reported current cigarette, e-cigarette, other tobacco (cigar, smokeless tobacco, hookah) and polytobacco use. We used multinomial logistic regression to estimate associations between (a) SGM subgroup, race/ethnicity, SGM-specific discrimination and SGM identity connection and (b) each tobacco use outcome (vs never use of tobacco). We conducted postestimation testing to assess predicted probabilities of tobacco use against the sample average.ResultsLesbian females (particularly black lesbian females) had higher-than-average probability of polytobacco use. White bisexual and lesbian participants had higher-than-average probability of cigarette and e-cigarette use, respectively. Higher levels of discrimination were associated with polytobacco use. Higher levels of identity connectedness were protective against certain tobacco use behaviours among gender minority participants and participants with high levels of discrimination experience.ConclusionsWe found variations in tobacco use by SGM subgroups overall and by race/ethnicity. Discrimination may be a risk factor for certain tobacco use behaviours. However, SGM identity connectedness may be protective against tobacco use among gender minority individuals and individuals experiencing SGM-specific discrimination. These findings can inform targeted approaches to reach SGM subgroups at greater risk of tobacco use.
Post-exercise endothelial function is not associated with extracellular vesicle release in healthy young males
Authors: Tryfonos Andrea , Cocks Matthew , Browning Nicola , Dawson Ellen A. 
Published: December 2022

Acute exercise can result in temporary decrease in endothelial functions, which may represent a transient period of risk. Numerous mechanisms underpinning these responses included release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from apoptotic or activated endothelial cells and platelets. This study aims to compare the time course of endothelial responses to moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and the associations with EV release. Eighteen young healthy males (age: 22.6 ± 3.7 years, BMI: 25.6 ± 2.5 m2/kg, and VO2peak: 38.6 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min) completed two randomly assigned exercises: HIIE (10 × 1 min-@-90% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 1 min passive recovery) and MICE (30 min-@-70% HRR) on a cycle ergometer. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to assess endothelial function and blood samples were collected to evaluate endothelial cell-derived EV (CD62E+) and platelet-derived EV (CD41a+), 10, 60, and 120 min before and after exercise. There were similar increases but different time courses ( P = 0.017) in FMD (increased 10 min post-HIIE, P < 0.0001 and 60 min post-MICE, P = 0.038). CD62E+ remained unchanged ( P = 0.530), whereas overall CD41a+ release was reduced 60 min post-exercise ( P = 0.040). FMD was not associated with EV absolute release or change ( P > 0.05). Acute exercise resulted in similar improvements, but different time course in FMD following either exercise. Whilst EVs were not associated with FMD, the reduction in platelet-derived EVs may represent a protective mechanism following acute exercise.
Smartwatch-based bioimpedance analysis for body composition estimation: precision and agreement with a 4-compartment model
Authors: Brandner Caleb F. , Tinsley Grant M. , Graybeal Austin J. 
Published: December 2022

Given that the prevalence of smartwatches has allowed them to become a hallmark in health monitoring, they are primed to provide accessible body composition estimations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the precision and agreement of smartwatch-based bioimpedance analysis (SW-BIA) and multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (MFBIA) against a 4-compartment (4C) model criterion. A total of 186 participants (114 females) underwent body composition assessments necessary for a 4C model and SW-BIA and MFBIA. Values of total body water (TBW) from each device were compared with those obtained from bioimpedance spectroscopy. Precision was adequate though slightly lower for the smartwatch compared with other methods. No device demonstrated equivalence with the 4C model. Specifically, the SW-BIA overestimated and MFBIA underestimated body fat. MFBIA, but not SW-BIA, demonstrated equivalence for TBW. Overall error was higher for males using the smartwatch compared with females. While these findings do not invalidate the use of smartwatch-based estimates, clinicians should consider that there may be large errors relative to clinical measures. If this wearable device is intended to be used to monitor body composition change over time, these findings demonstrate the need for future research to evaluate its accuracy during follow-up testing.
The regulation of m6A-related proteins during whole-body freezing of the freeze-tolerant wood frog
Authors: Rehman Saif , Varma Anchal , Gupta Aakriti , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: December 2022

Rana sylvatica (also known as Boreorana sylvatica) is one of the few vertebrates that spend extreme winters showing no physiological signs of life. Up to 70% of the total body water of the wood frog freezes as extracellular ice. Survival in extreme conditions requires regulation at transcriptional and translational levels to activate prosurvival pathways. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is one of the most common RNA modifications, regulating transcript processing and translation by executing important functions that affect regulatory pathways in stress conditions. In the study, regulation of m6A-related proteins in the liver of R. sylvatica was analyzed during 24 h frozen and 8 h thaw conditions. Decreases in the activity of demethylases of 28.44 ± 0.4% and 24.1 ± 0.9% of control values in frozen and thaw tissues, respectively, were observed. Total protein levels of m6A methyltransferase complex components methyltransferase-like 14 and Wilm's tumor associated protein were increased by 1.28-fold and 1.42-fold, respectively, during freezing. Demethylase fat mass and obesity, however, showed a decreasing trend, with a significant decrease in abundance during recovery from frozen conditions. Levels of mRNA degraders YTHDF2 and YTHDC2 also decreased under stress. Overall, increased levels of m6A methylation complex components, and suppressed levels of readers/erasers, provide evidence for the potential role of RNA methylation in freezing survival and its regulation in a hypometabolic state.
Determination of $$\alpha _s(m_Z)$$ by the non-perturbative decoupling method
Authors: Dalla Brida Mattia , Höllwieser Roman , Knechtli Francesco , Korzec Tomasz , Nada Alessandro , Ramos Alberto , Sint Stefan , Sommer Rainer ,   ALPHA Collaboration
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present the details and first results of a new strategy for the determination of $$\alpha _s(m_Z)$$

α
s

(

m
Z

)

(ALPHA Collaboration et al. in Phys. Lett. B 807:135571, 2020). By simultaneously decoupling 3 fictitious heavy quarks we establish a relation between the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-parameters of three-flavor QCD and pure gauge theory. Very precise recent results in the pure gauge theory (Dalla Brida and Ramos in Eur. Phys. J. C 79(8):720, 2019; Nada and Ramos in Eur Phys J C 81(1):1, 2021) can thus be leveraged to obtain the three-flavour $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-parameter in units of a common decoupling scale. Connecting this scale to hadronic physics in 3-flavour QCD leads to our result in physical units, $$\Lambda ^{(3)}_{\overline{\textrm{MS}}} = 336(12)\, {\textrm{MeV}}$$

Λ

MS
¯

(
3
)

=
336

(
12
)

MeV

, which translates to $$\alpha _s(m_Z) = 0.11823(84)$$

α
s

(

m
Z

)

=
0.11823

(
84
)

. This is compatible with both the FLAG average (Aoki et al. in FLAG review 2021. arXiv:2111.09849 [hep-lat]) and the previous ALPHA result (ALPHA Collaboration et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119(10):102001, 2017), with a comparable, yet still statistics dominated, error. This constitutes a highly non-trivial check, as the decoupling strategy is conceptually very different from the 3-flavour QCD step-scaling method, and so are their systematic errors. These include the uncertainties of the combined decoupling and continuum limits, which we discuss in some detail. We also quantify the correlation between both results, due to some common elements, such as the scale determination in physical units and the definition of the energy scale where we apply decoupling.
Higgs-boson masses and mixings in the MSSM with CP violation and heavy SUSY particles
Authors: Murphy Nick , Rzehak Heidi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe calculate the Higgs-boson mass spectrum and the corresponding mixing of the Higgs states in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We assume a mass-hierarchy with heavy SUSY particles and light Higgs bosons. To investigate this scenario, we employ an effective-field-theory approach with a low-energy Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) where both Higgs doublets couple to right-handed up- as well as right-handed down-type fermions. We perform a one-loop matching of the MSSM to the 2HDM and evolve the parameters to the low energy scale by exploiting two-loop renormalization group equations, taking the complex parameters into account. For the calculation of the pole mass, we compare three different options: one suitable for large charged Higgs mass, one for low charged Higgs mass, and one approximation that interpolates between these scenarios. The phase dependence of the mass of the lightest neutral Higgs boson can be sizeable, i.e. of the order of a couple of GeV depending on the scenario. In addition, we discuss the CP composition of the neutral Higgs bosons.