bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel tubular linear actuator with integrated magnetic bearing
Authors: Mirić Spasoje , Kolar Johann W. , Bortis Dominik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLinear actuators (LAs) are used for applications that require repetitive linear motion, such as linear pumps and compressors, servo drives in industrial automation, and pick-and-place robots in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industry. These LAs usually have mechanical ball or slide bearings, which require frequent maintenance due to signs of wear limiting the LAs’ usage in high-purity and high-precision processes of the latter applications.Therefore, this paper analyzes a novel LA with integrated magnetic bearings (MBs). It shows how the basic structure of the tubular LA is derived from a conventional rotary actuator. Afterwards, it explains the winding structures for the generation of the drive and bearing forces in detail, focusing on the impact of the linear motion on the bearing winding.Furthermore, two types of windings for the self-bearing LA, separated and combined, are analyzed and compared. It is shown that a combined winding structure leads to higher efficiency and a more simple drive system and has no disadvantages with respect to the control. Finally, measurement results verify the proper operation of a self-bearing tubular LA prototype with a combined winding structure.
Heterospecific eavesdropping of jays (Garrulus glandarius) on blackbird (Turdus merula) mobbing calls
Authors: Randler Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHeterospecifics eavesdrop on mobbing calls and respond with appropriate behavior, but the functional aspects are less studied. Here, I studied whether jays (Garrulus glandarius) eavesdrop on blackbird (Turdus merula) mobbing calls in comparison to blackbird song. Furthermore, it was studied whether jays provided with extra information about predators differ in their response. Three different experimental designs were carried out: (1) control playback of blackbird song to control for the species’ presence, (2) experimental playback of different mobbing events of blackbirds towards different predators, (3) experimental playback similar to (2) but combined with different predator models. In the combined experiments, mobbing calls were tied to the respective visual stimuli. Comparing the experiments with and without predator presentation, a similar number of jays occurred during the playback-only experiment (n = 7) and the playback combined with model presentation (n = 6). However, during the playback-only experiment, jays approached the speaker closer and stayed for longer time in the nearer surrounding. These results show that jays need extra information to make an informed decision.
Usutu virus in blackbirds (Turdus merula) with clinical signs, a case study from northern Italy
Authors: Musto C. , Tamba M. , Calzolari M. , Torri D. , Marzani K. , Cerri J. , Bonilauri P. , Delogu M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Natural transmission cycle of USUV involves mosquitoes and birds, so humans and other mammals are considered incidental hosts. In this study, USUV infection was diagnosed in all wild blackbirds, collected from July to September 2018 in a wildlife recovery center in the province of Bologna, in the Emilia-Romagna region, northern Italy. All blackbirds showed neurological clinical signs, such as overturning, pedaling, and incoordination. Moreover, the subjects died shortly after arriving at the hospitalization center. Virological investigations were performed by real-time PCR on frozen samples of the spleen, kidney, myocardium, and brain for the detection of Usutu (USUV) and West Nile (WNV) viruses. The small and large intestine were used as a matrix for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All 56 subjects with neurological clinical signs were positive for USUV, only one subject (1.8%) tested positive for WNV, and no subject was positive for NDV. The most represented age class was class 1 J (58.9%), followed by class 3 (25.0%), and lastly from class 4 (16.1%). Most of the blackbirds before dying were in good (51.8%) and fair (39.3%) nutritional status, while only five subjects (8.9%) were cachectic. The USUV genomes detected in the blackbirds of this study fall within the sub-clade already called EU2 that has been detected since 2009 in the Emilia-Romagna region. Neurological clinical signs in USUV-affected blackbirds are still widely discussed and there are few works in the literature. Although our results require further studies, we believe them to be useful for understanding the clinical signs of Usutu virus in blackbirds, helping to increase the knowledge of this zoonotic agent in wild species and to understand its effect on the ecosystem. The goal of this study was to report—in the context of the regional passive surveillance program—the detection of USUV RNA in its most important amplifying host, the common blackbird, when showing clinical signs before death.
Epidemiology and routine care treatment of patients with hip or knee osteoarthritis and chronic lower back pain: real-world evidence from Germany
Authors: Hradetzky E. , Ohlmeier C. , Brinkmann C. , Schild M. , Galetzka W. , Schmedt N. , John T. , Kaleth D. , Gothe H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aim
Musculoskeletal disorders are a major public health problem in most developed countries. As a main cause of chronic pain, they have resulted in an increasing prescription of opioids worldwide. With regard to the situation in Germany, this study aimed at estimating the prevalence of musculoskeletal diseases such as chronic low back pain (CLBP) and hip/knee osteoarthritis (OA) and at depicting the applied treatment patterns.

Subject and methods
German claims data from the InGef Research Database were analyzed over a 6-year period (2011–2016). The dataset contains over 4 million people, enrolled in German statutory health insurances. Inpatient and outpatient diagnoses were considered for case identification of hip/knee OA and CLBP. The World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder was applied to categorize patients according to their pain management interventions. Information on demographics, comorbidities, and adjuvant medication was collected.

Results
In 2016, n = 2,693,481 individuals (50.5% female, 49.5% male) were assigned to the study population; 62.5% of them were aged 18–60 years. In 2016, n = 146,443 patients (5.4%) with CLBP and n = 307,256 patients (11.4%) with hip/knee OA were identified. Of those with pre-specified pain management interventions (CLBP: 66.3%; hip/knee OA: 65.1%), most patients received WHO I class drugs (CLBP: 73.6%; hip/knee OA: 68.7%) as the highest level.

Conclusion
This study provides indications that CLBP and hip/knee OA are common chronic pain conditions in Germany, which are often subjected to pharmacological pain management. Compared to non-opioid analgesic prescriptions of the WHO I class, the dispensation of WHO class II and III opioids was markedly lower, though present to a considerable extent.
Utilising Interview Methodology to Inform the Development of New Clinical Assessment Tools for Anxiety in Autistic Individuals Who Speak Few or no Words
Authors: Edwards Georgina , Tarver Joanne , Shelley Lauren , Bird Megan , Hughes Jessica , Crawford Hayley , Waite Jane 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutistic individuals with intellectual disability who speak few or no words are at high risk of anxiety but are underrepresented in research. This study aimed to describe the presentation of anxiety in this population and discuss implications for the development of assessments. Interviews were conducted with 21 parents/carers of autistic individuals and nine clinicians. Data were analysed using content analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Anxiety behaviours described by parents/carers included increased vocalisation, avoidance and behaviours that challenge. Changes to routine were highlighted as triggering anxiety. Clinicians discussed the importance of identifying an individual’s baseline of behaviour, knowing an individual well and ruling out other forms of distress. This study raises considerations for early identification of anxiety and for subsequent support.
A Different NMR View of Cuprate Superconductors
Authors: Haase Jürgen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful quantum probe, but the early conclusions on the physics of the cuprates, based on a limited set of data, have to be revised in view of recent findings and results from extensive literature analyses of most NMR data. These show two coupled electronic spin components that influence the nuclei, most easily seen with the planar Cu shift anisotropy. One component is spin from the recently identified ubiquitous metallic excitations, the other likely due to the intrinsic, antiferromagnetically coupled electronic Cu spin. Both components and its intricate interaction leave their imprint on nuclear shifts and relaxation. They also show a family dependence seen in the charge sharing between planar Cu and O. The main phenomena of the doping and temperature dependences of the interplay between both spins components are discussed in terms of an apparent phenomenology that awaits explanation from theory.
The First ‘Urnfields’ in the Plains of the Danube and the Po
Authors: Cavazzuti Claudio , Arena Alberta , Cardarelli Andrea , Fritzl Michaela , Gavranović Mario , Hajdu Tamás , Kiss Viktória , Köhler Kitti , Kulcsár Gabriella , Melis Eszter , Rebay-Salisbury Katharina , Szabó Géza , Szeverényi Vajk 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArchaeological research is currently redefining how large-scale changes occurred in prehistoric times. In addition to the long-standing theoretical dichotomy between ‘cultural transmission’ and ‘demic diffusion’, many alternative models borrowed from sociology can be used to explain the spread of innovations. The emergence of urnfields in Middle and Late Bronze Age Europe is certainly one of these large-scale phenomena; its wide distribution has been traditionally emphasized by the use of the general term Urnenfelderkultur/zeit (starting around 1300 BC). Thanks to new evidence, we are now able to draw a more comprehensive picture, which shows a variety of regional responses to the introduction of the new funerary custom. The earliest ‘urnfields’ can be identified in central Hungary, among the tell communities of the late Nagyrév/Vatya Culture, around 2000 BC. From the nineteenth century BC onwards, the urnfield model is documented among communities in northeastern Serbia, south of the Iron Gates. During the subsequent collapse of the tell system, around 1500 BC, the urnfield model spread into some of the neighbouring regions. The adoption, however, appears more radical in the southern Po plain, as well as in the Sava/Drava/Lower Tisza plains, while in Lower Austria, Transdanubia and in the northern Po plain it seems more gradual and appears to have been subject to processes of syncretism/hybridization with traditional rites. Other areas seem to reject the novelty, at least until the latest phases of the Bronze Age. We argue that a possible explanation for these varied responses relates to the degree of interconnectedness and homophily among communities in the previous phases.
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease based on the state-of-the-art deep learning approach: a comprehensive survey
Authors: Arafa Doaa Ahmed , Moustafa Hossam El-Din , Ali-Eldin Amr M. T. , Ali Hesham A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of brain disorder that causes functions’ loss in a person’s daily activity. Due to the tremendous progress of Alzheimer’s patients and the lack of accurate diagnostic tools, early detection and classification of Alzheimer’s disease are open research areas. Accurate detection of Alzheimer’s disease in an effective way is one of the many researchers’ goals to limit or overcome the disease progression. The main objective of the current survey is to introduce a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the most recent studies for AD early detection and classification under the state-of-the-art deep learning approach. The article provides a simplified explanation of the system stages such as imaging, preprocessing, learning, and classification. It addresses broad categories of structural, functional, and molecular imaging in AD. The included modalities are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; both structural and functional) and positron emission tomography (PET; for assessment of both cerebral metabolism and amyloid). It reviews the process of pre-processing techniques to enhance the quality. Additionally, the most common deep learning techniques used in the classification process will be discussed. Although deep learning with preprocessing images has achieved high performance as compared to other techniques, there are some challenges. Moreover, it will also review some challenges in the classification and preprocessing image process over some articles what they introduce, and techniques used, and how they solved these problems.
Hybrid coupling of finite element and boundary element methods using Nitsche’s method and the Calderon projection
Authors: Betcke Timo , Bosy Michał , Burman Erik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a hybridised method for FEM-BEM coupling. The coupling from both sides use a Nitsche-type approach to couple to the trace variable. This leads to a formulation that is robust and flexible with respect to approximation spaces and can easily be combined as a building block with other hybridised methods. Energy error norm estimates and the convergence of Jacobi iterations are proved and the performance of the method is illustrated on some computational examples.
Fundamentality and minimalist grounding laws
Authors: Giannotti Joaquim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhat grounds facts of ground? Some metaphysicians invoke fundamental grounding laws to answer this question. These are general principles that link grounded facts to their grounds. The main business of this paper is to advance the debate about the metaphysics of grounding laws by exploring the prospects of a plausible yet underexplored minimalist account, one which is structurally analogous to a familiar Humean conception of natural laws. In the positive part of this paper, I articulate such a novel view and argue for its merits. The minimalist account shuns essences and takes laws to be unmysterious elite regularities. Therefore, it is a promising alternative for theorists of ground who spurn the acceptance of essentialism about the grounding laws but think that these are needed in our theorizing. In the negative part, I argue that widely accepted principles of ground, coupled with the tenets of minimalism, jeopardize the fundamentality of the grounding laws. I discuss two immediately available andprima facieappealing strategies to evade this threat. However, I show that both have undesirable theoretical costs. I conclude by casting doubts on whether the benefits of a minimalist account of fundamental grounding laws outweigh such costs.
Micro-Skills for Learning Soft Systems Methodology? Challenges and Opportunities in an Undergraduate Dissertation Project
Authors: Armstrong Ryan , Jiménez Guillermo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoft Systems Methodology (SSM) holds promise as an effective approach to addressing real-world problem situations. However, new learners of SSM can expect a number of challenges in learning the approach: its ambiguity and complexity, the number of likely unfamiliar concepts, its focus on rational analysis over emotion, and the demanding environment in which it is applied. This paper furthers the discussion of the teaching and learning of SSM in undergraduate education by considering SSM and its components from a skills-based perspective. We suggest that attention to critical, underlying component behaviors that make up SSM and an increased consideration of emotional issues in its application are key to improving learning outcomes for initial learners. We explore challenges and an approach for address these through an illustrative case involving an undergraduate dissertation project. Finally, we offer a number of recommendations and possible future lines of research which could support SSM’s more widespread adoption in education and practice.
Plasticizers: negative impacts on the thyroid hormone system
Authors: Bereketoglu Ceyhun , Pradhan Ajay 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This review aims to understand the impacts of plasticizers on the thyroid system of animals and humans. The thyroid gland is one of the earliest endocrine glands that appear during embryogenesis. The thyroid gland synthesizes thyroid hormones (TH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) that are important in the regulation of body homeostasis. TH plays critical roles in regulating different physiological functions, including metabolism, cell growth, circadian rhythm, and nervous system development. Alteration in thyroid function can lead to different medical problems. In recent years, thyroid-related medical problems have increased and this could be due to rising environmental pollutants. Plasticizers are one such group of a pollutant that impacts thyroid function. Plasticizers are man-made chemicals used in a wide range of products, such as children’s toys, food packaging items, building materials, medical devices, cosmetics, and ink. The increased use of plasticizers has resulted in their detection in the environment, animals, and humans. Studies indicated that plasticizers could alter thyroid function in both animals and humans at different levels. Several studies demonstrated a positive and/or negative correlation between plasticizers and serum T4 and T3 levels. Plasticizers could also change the expression of various TH-related genes and proteins, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and transporters. Histological analyses demonstrated thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to several plasticizers. In conclusion, plasticizers could disrupt TH homeostasis and the mechanisms of toxicity could be diverse.
A link between the steepest descent method and fixed-point iterations
Authors: Heid Pascal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe will make a link between the steepest descent method for an unconstrained minimisation problem and fixed-point iterations for its Euler–Lagrange equation. In this context, we shall rediscover the preconditioned algebraic conjugate gradient method for the discretised problem. The benefit of the connection of those concepts will be illustrated by a numerical experiment.
Interindividuell unterschiedliche Veränderungen der Lesemotivation – welche Bedeutung hat die Unterstützung der Lehrkraft?
Authors: Hettinger Katharina , Lazarides Rebecca , Retelsdorf Jan 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungLesemotivation ist von Bedeutung für Leseleistung und ist interindividuell unterschiedlich ausgeprägt. Jedoch ist bislang wenig bekannt über Veränderungen unterschiedlicher Lesemotivationsmuster und die Bedeutung des Geschlechts, der Leseleistung und der Unterrichtsgestaltung für solche Veränderungen. Mittels dieser Erkenntnisse könnten adaptive Lernangebote ausgeweitet werden. Die vorliegende Längsschnittstudie greift diese Frage auf und untersucht basierend auf Daten von N = 1313 Lernenden (50,0 % Mädchen) in der 5. und 6. Jahrgangsstufe, wie sich Wertüberzeugungen und Leseselbstkonzept interindividuell unterschiedlich verändern. Latente Profilanalysen verweisen auf drei motivationale Muster zu beiden Zeitpunkten: ‚Geringer intrinsischer Wert‘, ‚Moderate Lesemotivation‘ und ‚Hohe Lesemotivation‘. Hohe Lehrkraftunterstützung trägt dazu bei, dass Lernende im Verlauf des fünften Schuljahres in das Profil ‚Hohe Lesemotivation‘ statt in das Motivationsprofil ‚Geringer intrinsischer Wert‘ wechseln. Mädchen und Lernende mit hoher Leseleistung wechseln eher in das Profil ‚Hohe Lesemotivation‘ statt in das Profil ‚Moderate Lesemotivation‘. Implikationen für Unterricht werden diskutiert.
Membrane-based Operations for the Fractionation of Polyphenols and Polysaccharides From Winery Sludges
Authors: Mejia Jaime A. Arboleda , Ricci Arianna , Figueiredo Ana Sofia , Versari Andrea , Cassano Alfredo , de Pinho Maria Norberta , Parpinello Giuseppina Paola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present work investigated the impact of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes on the recovery and fractionation of polyphenolic compounds and polysaccharides from Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon wine lees. A laboratory-made flat-sheet membrane in cellulose acetate (CA400-38) was used in the UF treatment of Sangiovese wine lees; three laboratory-made flat-sheet membranes in cellulose acetate (CA316, CA316-70, CA400-22) and a polyamide commercial membrane (NF90) were used in the NF treatment of Cabernet Sauvignon wine lees. All membranes were characterized in terms of hydraulic permeability and rejection toward references solutes; the performances of the membranes were measured in terms of productivity, fouling index, cleaning efficiency and retention toward target compounds.Experimental results indicated that all UF and NF membranes were effective in separating target compounds rejecting more than 92% of polysaccharides with polyphenols preferentially permeating through the membrane. The UF membrane rejected more than 40% of total polyphenols; rejections toward non-flavonoids and flavonoids were less than 25% and 12.5%, respectively.The laboratory-made NF membranes exhibited higher permeate flux values (of the order of 11–12 L/m2h) in comparison with the commercial NF membrane, despite the observed differences in the retention of specific solutes. Among the prepared membranes the CA316 showed a total rejection toward most part of non-flavonoids and flavonoids.The experimental results support the use of UF and NF processes in a sequential design to fractionate and refine phenolic compounds from winery sludge for the production of concentrated fractions with high antioxidant activities.
Thoracic Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Pathogenesis and Management
Authors: De Zorzi Elena , Spagnolo Paolo , Cocconcelli Elisabetta , Balestro Elisabetta , Iaccarino Luca , Gatto Mariele , Benvenuti Francesco , Bernardinello Nicol , Doria Andrea , Maher Toby M. , Zanatta Elisabetta 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThoracic involvement is one of the main determinants of morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), with different prevalence and manifestations according to the underlying disease. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common pulmonary complication, particularly in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Other thoracic manifestations include pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), mostly in patients with SSc, airway disease, mainly in RA, and pleural involvement, which is common in systemic lupus erythematosus and RA, but rare in other ARDs.In this review, we summarize and critically discuss the current knowledge on thoracic involvement in ARDs, with emphasis on disease pathogenesis and management. Immunosuppression is the mainstay of therapy, particularly for ARDs-ILD, but it should be reserved to patients with clinically significant disease or at risk of progressive disease. Therefore, a thorough, multidisciplinary assessment to determine disease activity and degree of impairment is required to optimize patient management. Nevertheless, the management of thoracic involvement—particularly ILD—is challenging due to the heterogeneity of disease pathogenesis, the variety of patterns of interstitial pneumonia and the paucity of randomized controlled clinical trials of pharmacological intervention. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis of these conditions, which in turn is instrumental to the development of more efficacious therapies.