bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which is the best way for patients with ureteral obstruction? Percutaneous nephrostomy versus double J stenting
Authors: Zhang Kai-Ping , Zhang Yin , Chao Min 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) and Double J stenting (DJS) are the 2 main treatment options of ureteral obstruction. We evaluate which of these 2 methods is superior concerning the course of procedure, postoperative complication and quality of life.

Methods:
A detailed review of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to February 21st, 2021 was searched. Continuous data were evaluated using mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), while nominal data were analyzed by risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Meanwhile, we performed the subgroup analysis based on study design, disease type, sample size, sepsis, DJ diameter, nephrostomy diameter, anesthesia type and guidance under X-ray or ultrasound.

Results:
There were 18 previous studies included in current study. As a result, we found that there were significant differences in fluoroscopy time (MD = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14–0.48, P < .001) and hospital stay (MD = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.60–1.85, P < .001). However, no statistic difference was detected in operative time (MD = 5.40; 95% CI, −1.78 to 12.58, P = .140) between the paired groups. Although DJS showed a higher rate of postoperative complications (25.19% vs 17.61%), there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications following DJS and PCN (RR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.60–1.43; P = .720). Based on the EuroQol analysis, the 2 main treatment options had different impacts on quality of life. The pooled results showed that PCN patients reported more difficulties in self-care compared to DJS patients (RR = 3.07; 95% CI, 1.32–7.14; P = .009).

Conclusions:
DJS is a safe and better method of temporary urinary diversion than PCN for management of ureteral obstruction with shorter fluoroscopy time and hospital stay. As for quality of life, patients receiving PCN had a distinct difficulty in self-care compared to those receiving DJS. However, these 2 treatment options often depends on the individual situation.
The tissue-specific autophagic response to nutrient deprivation
Authors: Yang Young Joo , Grosso Jasutkar Hilary , Griffey Christopher J. , Kim Kiryung , Melia Thomas James , Dephoure Noah , Yamamoto Ai 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMacroautophagy is a highly adaptable degradative system that is essential for life. Although studies have shown the importance of this pathway across all organ systems, we have little understanding of how discrete tissues might employ autophagy and how this changes during stress. Using an approach to identify quantitatively autophagic cargoes, we sought to identify how cells from the adult liver and brain rely on autophagy under basal conditions and during nutrient deprivation. We find that in addition to the turnover of cell type specific proteins, the different organs relied on autophagy differentially for the turnover of organelles such as mitochondria, peroxisomes and ER. Moreover, in response to nutrient deprivation, although both tissues showed increased cargo capture, cell type- and tissue-specific patterns emerged. Most notably in the brain, we found an increased representation of glial and endothelial cell cargoes, whereas neuronal cargoes were relatively unchanged. In liver, we unexpectedly found a decreased representation of mitochondrial proteins, which represented a shift moving away from the whole mitochondrion turnover to piecemeal. These results indicate how the physiologic context of the different cell types significantly influence autophagy-dependence, and begins to shed insight into how the term ‘autophagy dysfunction’ might be thought of when considering different disease states.
Non-invasive real-time genomic monitoring of the critically endangered kākāpō
Authors: Urban Lara , Miller Allison K , Eason Daryl , Vercoe Deidre , Shaffer Megan , Wilkinson Shaun P , Jeunen Gert-Jan , Gemmell Neil J , Digby Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe used non-invasive real-time genomic approaches to monitor one of the last surviving populations of the critically endangered kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus). We first established an environmental DNA metabarcoding protocol to identify the distribution of kākāpō and other vertebrate species in a highly localized manner using soil samples. Harnessing real-time nanopore sequencing and the high-quality kākāpō reference genome, we then extracted species-specific DNA from soil. We combined long read-based haplotype phasing with known individual genomic variation in the kākāpō population to identify the presence of individuals, and confirmed these genomically informed predictions through detailed metadata on kākāpō distributions. This study shows that individual identification is feasible through nanopore sequencing of environmental DNA, with important implications for future efforts in the application of genomics to the conservation of rare species, potentially expanding the application of real-time environmental DNA research from monitoring species distribution to inferring fitness parameters such as genomic diversity and inbreeding.
Characterization of Trajectories of Physical Activity and Cigarette Smoking from Early Adolescence to Adulthood
Authors: Shao Iris Yuefan , Suglia Shakira F. , An Weihua , Mendez David , Vaccarino Viola , Alonso Alvaro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking and physical inactivity are two critical risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. However, few studies have compared the long-term trajectories of both behaviors, as well as multilevel factors associated with trajectory patterns. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) Wave I through V survey data, this study characterized distinct subgroups of the population sharing similar patterns of physical activity (PA) and cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood, as well as predictors of subgroup membership.MethodsUsing the Add Health Wave I through V survey data, we identified the optimal number of latent classes and class-specific trajectories of PA and cigarette smoking from early adolescence to adulthood, fitting latent growth mixture models with standardized PA score and past 30-day cigarette smoking intensity as outcome measures and age as a continuous time variable. Associations of baseline sociodemographic factors, neighborhood characteristics, and sociopsychological factors with trajectory class membership were assessed using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsWe identified three distinct subgroups of PA trajectories in the study population: moderately active group (N=1067, 5%), persistently inactive group (N=14257, 69%) and worsening activity group (N=5410, 26%). Similarly for cigarette smoking, we identified three distinct trajectory subgroups: persistent non-smoker (N=14939, 72%), gradual quitter (N=2357, 11%), and progressing smoker (N=3393, 16%). Sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood environment and perceived peer support during adolescence were significant predictors of physical activity and cigarette smoking trajectory subgroup membership from early adolescence to adulthood.ConclusionThere are three distinct subgroups of individuals sharing similar both PA and cigarette smoking behavioral profile from adolescence to adulthood in the Add Health study population. Modifiable risk factors such as neighborhood environment and relationship to peers during adolescence can be key to designing effective behavioral interventions for long-term PA promotion and cigarette smoking cessation.
Relationships of scale cortisol content suggests stress resilience in freshwater fish vulnerable to catch-and-release angling in recreational fisheries
Authors: Britton J.R. , Andreou D , Lopez-Bejar M , Carbajal A 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe capture by angling of an individual fish is recognised as a short-term physiologically stressor. In fish populations exploited by catch and release angling (C&R), there is potential for some individual fishes to be captured on multiple occasions, but the longer term physiological consequences of this remain uncertain. Using scale cortisol content as a biomarker of chronic stress and scale samples from two fish populations exploited by C&R angling, we developed proxies of angling capture vulnerability before testing these proxies against scale cortisol content. In a riverine population of European barbelBarbus barbus, fish with the highest scale cortisol content were predicted as those sampled by angling rather than electric fishing, as angled fish had significantly smaller home ranges and diets based primarily on angling baits. In a population of common carpCyprinus carpioin a small pond fishery, we predicted that fish with the highest scale cortisol content would be those with higher proportions of angling bait in their diet. In both species, however, the fish predicted to be most vulnerable to angling capture had the lowest levels of scale cortisol content. We suggest that this is through fish that are captured regularly being highly stress resilient (with this independent of other traits) or fish with traits that suggest high capture vulnerability being able to minimise their recapture rates through developing hook avoidance behaviours after an initial capture. Overall, these results suggest that scale cortisol content is a useful biomarker for measuring chronic stress from C&R angling.HighlightsIn catch-and-release angling (C&R), a single capture event is a short-term stressorThe effect of multiple capture events on individual fishes in C&R is unknownScale cortisol content was used as a biomarker of chronic stressFish of high vulnerability to capture had relatively low scale cortisol contentFish with high exposure to C&R appear to have high stress resilience.
Interaction between habits as action sequences and goal-directed behavior under time pressure
Authors: Frölich Sascha , Esmeyer Marlon , Endrass Tanja , Smolka Michael N. , Kiebel Stefan J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTHuman behaviour consists in large parts of action sequences that are often repeated in mostly the same way. Through extensive repetition, sequential responses become automatic or habitual, but our environment often confronts us with events to which we have to react flexibly and in a goal-directed manner. To assess how implicitly learned action sequences interfere with goal-directed control, we developed a novel behavioural paradigm in which we combined action sequence learning through repetition with a goal-directed task component. So-called dual-target trials require the goal-directed selection of the response with the highest reward-probability in a fast succession of trials with short response deadlines. Importantly, the response primed by the learned action sequence is sometimes different from that required by the goal-directed task. As expected, we found that participants learned the action sequence through repetition, as evidenced by reduced reaction times and error rates, while still acting in a goal-directed manner in dual target trials. Specifically, we found that the learned action sequence biased choices in the goal-directed task towards the sequential response, and this effect was more pronounced the better individuals had learned the sequence. Our novel task may help shed light on the acquisition of automatic behavioural patterns and habits through extensive repetition, allows to assess positive features of habitual behaviour (e.g. increased response speed and reduced error rates), and importantly also the interaction of habitual and goal-directed behaviours under time pressure.
MerMADE: Coupled biophysical, eco-evolutionary modelling for predicting population dynamics, movement and dispersal evolution in the marine environment
Authors: Allgayer Rebekka L , Fernandes Paul G , Wright Peter J , Travis Justin MJ 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIn order to understand patterns in species’ distributions, we need to understand the underlying mechanisms of dispersal, demography and evolutionary capability of these species. In the marine environment, few models combine these three key components likely due both to the computational challenges involved and the inherent challenges in data collection for parameterisation. To fill this gap, we have developed MerMADE, an individual-based, spatially explicit, eco-evolutionary coupled biophysical model for predicting population dynamics, dispersal and movement evolution in the marine environment (or aquatic environments in general). MerMADE combines dispersal in a 3D, hydrodynamically informed environment with population dynamics, demography and evolutionary functionality in order to investigate questions of connectivity, population persistence and evolution under environmental change and anthropogenic pressure. We illustrate its range of behavioural and physiological functionality using the lesser sandeel,Ammodytes marinus, as a case-study species in an invasion scenario. MerMADE’s flexibility in species-specific parameterisation makes it a widely applicable, exciting tool in future sustainable management and conservation of aquatic species under environmental change.
SLC25A51 impacts drug sensitivity in AML cells by sustaining mitochondrial oxidative flux
Authors: Lu Mu-Jie , Busquets Jonathan , Impedovo Valeria , Chang Yu-Tai , Matsui William , Tiziani Stefano , Cambronne Xiaolu A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSLC25A51 imports oxidized NAD+into the mitochondrial matrix and is required for sustaining oxidative metabolism in human mitochondria. We observed that higher expression of SLC25A51 correlated with poorer survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patient data. Given AML’s dependency on oxidative cell metabolism, we sought to determine the role SLC25A51 may serve in this disease. We found that depleting SLC25A51 in AML cells led to increased apoptosis, as well as prolonged survival in a xenograft model. Metabolic flux analyses indicated that depletion of SLC25A51 shunted flux away from oxidative pathways and promoted glutamine utilization for reductive carboxylation to support aspartate production. Consequently, SLC25A51 loss sensitized AML cells to glutamine deprivation and glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. Together, the work highlights connections between SLC25A51 and oxidative mitochondrial flux in AML. We identified a rationale for targeting SLC25A51 in myeloid cancers with potential for a therapeutic window, especially when coupled with glutaminase inhibition.Statement of significanceThis investigation describes an approach to directly modulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle as a potential vulnerability in oxidative tumors. Using AML models, the work is an inaugural look into SLC25A51’s role supporting oxidative mitochondrial metabolism and identifies SLC25A51 levels as a potential marker for stratification of AML.
Consciousness is indexed by analogous cortical reorganization during sleep and anesthesia
Authors: Krause Bryan M. , Campbell Declan I. , Kovach Christopher K. , Mueller Rashmi N. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Nourski Kirill V. , Banks Matthew I. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlthough sleep and anesthesia are predicted to share common neural signatures of transitions into and out of unconsciousness, supportive evidence has been elusive. We identified these signatures using intracranial electroencephalography in neurosurgical patients. We applied diffusion map embedding to map cortical location into a space where proximity indicates functional similarity using a normalized connectivity (‘diffusion’) matrix, itself a rich source of information about network properties. During reduced consciousness, diffusion matrices exhibited decreased effective dimensionality, reflecting reduced network entropy. Furthermore, functional brain regions exhibited tighter clustering in embedding space with greater distances between regions, corresponding to decreased differentiation and functional integration. These changes were not region-specific, suggesting global network reorganization. These results strongly suggest common neural substrates for loss and recovery of consciousness during anesthesia and sleep, providing a systems-level mechanistic understanding within an intuitive geometric context and laying the foundation for evaluation of cortical state transitions in clinical settings.
ETV2 upregulation marks the specification of early cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells during co-differentiation
Authors: Cao Xu , Mircea Maria , Yakala Gopala Krishna , van den Hil Francijna E. , Brescia Marcella , Mei Hailiang , Mummery Christine L. , Semrau Stefan , Orlova Valeria V. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) efficiently into defined cardiac lineages, such as cardiomyocytes and cardiac endothelial cells, is crucial to study human heart development and model cardiovascular diseasesin vitro. The mechanisms underlying the specification of these cell types during human development are not well-understood which limits fine-tuning and broader application of cardiac model systems. Here, we used the expression of ETV2, a master regulator of hematoendothelial specification in mice, to identify functionally distinct subpopulations during the co-differentiation of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs. Targeted analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed differential ETV2 dynamics in the two lineages. A newly created fluorescent reporter line allowed us to identify early lineage-predisposed states and show that a transient ETV2-high state initiates the specification of endothelial cells. We further demonstrated, unexpectedly, that functional cardiomyocytes can originate from progenitors expressing ETV2 at a low level. Our study thus sheds light on thein vitrodifferentiation dynamics of two important cardiac lineages.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn vitrodifferentiation of cardiac cell types is of great importance for understanding heart development, disease modeling and future regenerative medicine. Currently, underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood, which limits the efficiency and fine-tuning of present differentiation protocols. Here, we investigated the master regulator ETV2 and showed that its upregulation marks the specification of two cardiac cell types during co-differentiation. Using single-cell RNA-seq and a new fluorescent reporter line we identified lineage-predisposed subpopulations in the ETV2+ cells. We thus resolved ETV2 dynamics at the single-cell level in the context ofin vitrohuman cardiac differentiation.
Prevalence and Burden of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Sierra Leone, 1997-2022: Evidence from a 25-Year Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yendewa George A. , Wang Gi-Ming , James Peter B. , Massaquoi Samuel P.E. , Yendewa Sahr A. , Ghazawi Manal , Babawo Lawrence S. , Ocama Ponsiano , Russell James B.W. , Deen Gibrilla F. , Sahr Foday , Kabba Mustapha , Tatsuoka Curtis , Lakoh Sulaiman , Salata Robert A. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and burden of chronic HBV in Sierra Leone.MethodsWe used electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar and African Journals Online to systematically review articles reporting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence estimates in Serra Leone during 1997-2022. We estimated pooled HBV seroprevalence rates and assessed sources of heterogeneityResultsOf 406 publications screened, 22 studies of total sample size 107,186 were included in the meta-analysis. The crude pooled HBV seroprevalence was 13.0% (95% CI 10.0-16.0) (I2=99%, p-heterogeneity<0.01), translating into 1.06 million people (95% uncertainty interval 0.81-1.30) or 1 in 8 Sierra Leoneans living with chronic HBV in 2021. Sensitivity analysis yielded a pooled HBV seroprevalence of 12.0% (95% CI 10.0-14.0) (sample size 104,968) (I2=98%, p-heterogeneity<0.001). The highest HBV seroprevalence estimates were among adolescents aged 10-17 years (17.0%, 95% CI 8.8-30.5), Ebola survivors (36.8%, 95% CI 26.2-48.8), people living with HIV (15.9%, 95% CI 10.6-23.0) and in the Northern (19.0%, 95% CI 6.4-44.7) and Southern (19.7%, 95% CI 10.9-32.8) regions. HBV seroprevalence progressively declined from 17.9% during 1997-2014 to 10.7% during 2020-2022.ConclusionsThese findings necessitate the urgent implementation of national HBV prevention and control programs in Sierra Leone.
A systematically optimized awake mouse fMRI paradigm
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Pei Mengchao , Zhang Kaiwei , Tong Chuanjun , Bo Binshi , Feng Jianfeng , Zhang Xiao-Yong , Liang Zhifeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been increasingly utilized in mice. Due to the non-negligible effects of anesthetics on mouse fMRI, it is becoming more common to perform fMRI in the awake mice. However, high stress level and head motion in awake mouse fMRI remain to be fully addressed, which limits its practical applications. Therefore, here we presented a systematically optimized awake mouse fMRI paradigm as a practical and open-source solution. First, we designed a soundproof habituation chamber in which multiple mice can be habituated simultaneously and independently. Then, combining corticosterone, body weight and behavioral measurements, we systematically evaluated the potential factors that may contribute to animals’ stress level for awake imaging. Among many factors, we found that the restraining setup allowing forelimbs freely moving and head tilted at 30-degree was optimal for minimizing stress level. Importantly, we implemented multiband simultaneous multi-slice imaging to enable ultrafast fMRI acquisition in awake mice. Compared to conventional single-band EPI, faster acquisition enabled by multiband imaging were more robust to head motion and yielded higher statistical power. Thus, more robust resting-state functional connectivity was detected using multiband acquisition in awake mouse fMRI, compared to conventional single-band acquisition. In conclusion, we presented an awake mouse fMRI paradigm that is highly optimized in both awake mice habituation and fMRI acquisition, and such paradigm minimized animals’ stress level and provided more resistance to head motion and higher statistical power.