bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of methyl hydrogen sulfate on the formation of sulfuric acid‐ammonia clusters: A theoretical study
Authors: Gao Jiemiao , Wang Rui , Zhang Tianlei , Liu Fengyi , Wang Wenliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMethyl hydrogen sulfate (MHS) as a common nucleation precursor that has important effect on new particle formation (NPF). Liu et al. showed that MHS and sulfuric acid (SA) generation are competitive due to consumption of the common precursor SO3, and the nucleation ability of SA is better than MHS. Thus, MHS inhibits the SA‐DMA‐based clusters formation particularly in regions with high [MO] (methanol) (Liu et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2019, 116, 24,966). However, in regions where [H2O] is much higher than [MO] ([SA] > > [MHS]), the SO3 consumed by the generation of less MHS will not significantly reduce the [SA], whether MHS still inhibits SA‐A‐based clusters formation and how MHS affects the growth pathways of MHS‐SA‐A‐based clusters remains unclear. Hence, quantum chemistry calculations combining Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) are used to investigate the role of MHS in the SA‐A‐based system. Our conclusions show two different effects of MHS in NPF process: “inhibiting” in regions with high [MO] and “weakly facilitating” in regions with high [H2O] and low [MO]. The growth pathways show that with the increasing [MHS], the role of MHS in NPF gradually changes from “transporter” to “participator”, and the contribution to the pathways increases from 7 to 85%. Our results contribute to understanding the NPF in low‐temperature regions with different concentrations of MO and H2O.
Imaging diagnosis and research progress of carotid plaque vulnerability
Authors: Zhang Lianlian , li Xia , Lyu Qi , Shi Guofu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIschemic stroke (IS) exhibits a high disability rate, mortality, and recurrence rate, imposing a serious threat to human survival and health. Its occurrence is affected by various factors. Although the previous research has demonstrated that the occurrence of IS is mainly associated with lumen stenosis caused by carotid atherosclerotic plaque (AP), recent studies have revealed that many patients will still suffer from IS even with mild carotid artery lumen stenosis. Blood supply disturbance causes 10% of IS to the corresponding cerebral blood supply area caused by carotid vulnerable plaque. Thrombus blockage of distal branch vessels caused by rupture of vulnerable carotid plaque is the main cause of ischemic stroke. Therefore, how to accurately evaluate vulnerable plaque and intervene as soon as possible is a problem that needs to be solved in clinic. The vulnerability of plaque is determined by its internal components, including thin and incomplete fibrous cap, necrotic lipid core, intra‐plaque hemorrhage, intra‐plaque neovascularization, and ulcerative plaque formation. The development of imaging technology enables the routine detection of AP vulnerability. By analyzing the pathological changes, characteristics, and formation mechanism of carotid plaque vulnerability, this article aims to explore the modern imaging methods which can be used to identify plaque composition and plaque vulnerability to provide a reference basis for disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Application timing optimization of lignite‐derived humic substances for three agricultural plant species and soil fertility
Authors: Zhao Yihan , Naeth M. Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoal is mined for energy generation around the world, producing large amounts of waste and extensive disturbances to the environment. Post‐mining lands with sandy soils to be reclaimed for agricultural uses are very challenging. The use of humic substances such as soil amendments has been discussed, although little information is available regarding application timing in the field. We conducted a field experiment over two consecutive growing seasons on a former coal mine in China, to investigate soil and vegetation response to a lignite‐derived humic product called “nano humus” and to determine optimal application timing. Three economically valuable agricultural species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), were used for this study. The benefits of the humic product on soil properties and plant growth under field conditions were expressed after 2 yr of application. A single application at the beginning of each growing season provided better results than splitting into two applications, with no impact of duration (months) between applications. A single application significantly increased soil available phosphorus by 63% and potassium by 96% relative to the control; it significantly enhanced total biomass of alfalfa by 749%, barley by 250%, and sea buckthorn by 147%. Our findings provided important practical implications for using a humic material as a soil amendment in coal mine reclamation, with potential applications in other agricultural and reclamation scenarios.
Not just statistics: Exploring the experiences of Mexican deportees
Authors: López Anna , Cisneros Jesus , Marcus Ioana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCentering the narratives of seven Mexican deportees, this study explored the consequences of deportation on participants’ mental health. Participants’ accounts of the deportation experience highlighted the frustration, fear, and disappointment individuals often felt after being forced to abandon established lives in the United States. Their narratives captured the challenges involved in migration and deportation. This study highlights the need for mental health counselors to become more knowledgeable of the issues that affect the lives of deportees.
Association of Left Atrial Hemodynamics by Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Long‐Term Outcomes in Patients With Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Benjamin Mina M. , Arora Punit , Munir Muhammad S. , Darki Amir , Liebo Max , Yu Mingxi , Syed Mushabbar A. , Kinno Menhel 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundLeft atrial (LA) function and strain patterns by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been investigated as markers of several cardiovascular pathologies, including cardiac amyloidosis (CA). However, associations with clinical outcomes have not been investigated.PurposeTo compare LA function and strain by MRI in CA patients to a matched cohort of patients without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and evaluate the association with long‐term clinical outcomes in CA patients.Study TypeRetrospective case control.PopulationA total of 51 patients with CA and 51 age‐, gender‐, and race‐matched controls without CVD who underwent MRI in sinus rhythm.Field Strength/SequenceECG‐gated balanced steady‐state free precession sequence at 1.5 T.AssessmentAll measurements were completed by one investigator (M.M.B.). LA function and strain parameters were measured including LA indexed minimum and maximum volumes, LA reservoir (R), contractile (CT), and conduit (CD) strain. We compared groups after adjusting for age, hypertension, New York Heart Association class, modified staging system (troponin‐I, BNP, estimated GFR) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for an endpoint of all‐cause mortality and a composite endpoint of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) or death.Statistical TestsDifferences between groups were evaluated withttests for continuous variables orχ2tests for categorical variables. A multivariable regression model was used to assess the associations of thePvalues—two‐sided tests—<0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsCA patients with median follow up of 4.9 (8.5) months had significantly lower LA strain and higher LA volumes in comparison to the matched cohort. In the multivariable analysis, only LVEF was significantly associated with death while ƐCT (OR 0.6, CI: 0.41–0.89), indexed minimum LA volume (OR 1.06, CI: 1.02–1.13) and indexed maximum LA volume (OR 1.08, CI: 1.01–1.15) were significantly associated with the composite outcome of death or HFH.ConclusionIn this retrospective study of CA patients, ƐCT and indexed minimum and maximum LA volumes were significantly associated with the composite outcome of death or HFH.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 3
Immunoassay and mass cytometry revealed immunological profiles induced by inactivated BBIBP COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Cheng Zhangkai J. , Huang Huimin , Liu Qiwen , Zhong Ruifen , Liang Zhiman , Xue Mingshan , Liu Mingtao , Li Siping , Wang Hongman , Zheng Peiyan , Zheng Chunfu , Sun Baoqing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the global prevalence of COVID‐19 and the constant emergence of viral variants, boosters for COVID‐19 vaccines to enhance antibody titers in human bodies will become an inevitable trend. However, there is a lack of data on antibody levels and the protective effects of booster injections. This study monitored and analyzed the antibody potency and the antibody responses induced by the booster injection in the subjects who received three vaccine doses. The study was conducted in a multicenter collaboration and recruited 360 healthy adults aged 20–74. Participants received the first, second, and booster doses of inactivated Sinopharm/BBIBP COVID‐19 vaccine at 0, 1, and 7 months. Vaccine‐induced virus‐specific antibody levels (SARS‐COV‐2‐IgA/IgM/IgG) were monitored at multiple time points, surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), and the spatial distribution and proportion of immune cells and markers were analyzed using the CyTOF method before vaccination and a month after the second dose. The titers of SARS‐CoV‐2‐IgA/IgM/IgG and neutralizing antibodies increased to a high level in the first month after receiving the second dose of vaccine and declined slowly after that. The antibody levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐IgG and sVNT were significantly increased at 0.5 months after the induction of the booster (p < 0.05). Despite a downward trend, the antibody levels were still high in the following 6 months. The B cell concentration (in humoral sample) a month after the second injection was significantly reduced compared to that before the vaccine injection (p < 0.05). The proportion of the C01 cell cluster was significantly decreased compared with that before vaccine injection (p < 0.05). Individual cell surface markers showed distinctions in spatial distribution but were not significantly different. This study has shown that serum antibody titer levels will decrease with time by monitoring and analyzing the antibody efficacy and the antibody reaction caused by the booster injection of healthy people who received the whole vaccination (completed three injections). Still, the significant peak of the antibody titer levels after booster highlights the recall immune response. It can maintain a high concentration of antibody levels for a long time, which signifies that the protection ability has been enhanced following the injection of booster immunization. Additionally, CyTOF data shows the active production of antibodies and the change in the immunity environment.
Raised breakdown voltage in a high‐voltage recessed LDD‐SOI by submerged SI3N4
Authors: Daneshpajooh Reza , Anvarifard Mohammad K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new structure of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) with lateral double‐diffused MOSFET was introduced based on the silicon‐on‐insulator lightly doped‐drain metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect‐transistor (SOI‐LDD MOSFET) technology, called recessed silicon nitride lateral‐double diffused silicon‐on‐insulator (RS‐LDD SOI). In the proposed structure, a recession was created on the buried oxide layer and filled with a silicon nitride (SI3N4) layer. Silicon nitride makes the electric field distribution more uniform by modulating the electric field in the drift zone, thereby increasing the breakdown voltage of the proposed structure. The simulation results performed with ATLAS software demonstrated the performance improvement of the proposed structure. Increasing the breakdown voltage by 31% compared to the conventional structure was one of the most important achievements of this work. Also, design considerations were made on the submerged part in the buried oxide, which can be an excellent guide to achieving the optimal performance of the proposed structure.
Seasonal transition of precedent Indian Ocean basin mode and subsequent Indian Ocean Dipole without El Niño–Southern Oscillation impact
Authors: Zhang Mengke , Jin Dachao , Wang Xudong , Chen Lin , Luo Jingjia , Wang Ziqian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs two pronounced anomaly patterns over the tropical Indian Ocean, the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) feature phase‐locking with seasonal cycle. We find that IOBM and IOD exhibit significant connection without the influence of the preceding El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The tropical IOBM cooling in preceding winter, which is accompanied by anomalous westerlies in the lower troposphere of the tropical eastern Indian Ocean, can transit to a positive IOD in subsequent seasons. In boreal spring following a IOBM cooling, the equatorial wind anomalies over the Indian Ocean turn to easterlies due to the Rossby wave response to the decreased precipitation over the Maritime Continent region. The increased zonal gradient of the sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean favours the intrinsic Bjerknes feedback to build up a positive IOD. With the reinforcing process of the weakened Walker circulation in the tropical Indian Ocean, the positive IOD events develop during boreal summer and then reach the peak in following autumn. These results demonstrate that the IOD is transited from the preceding IOBM, which is independent of the influence of the preceding ENSO in boreal winter.
Synthesizing evidence from the earliest studies to support decision‐making: To what extent could the evidence be reliable?
Authors: Yu Tianqi , Lin Lifeng , Furuya‐Kanamori Luis , Xu Chang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn evidence‐based practice, new topics generally only have a few studies available for synthesis. As a result, the evidence of such meta‐analyses raised substantial concerns. We investigated the robustness of the evidence from these earliest studies. Real‐world data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) were collected. We emulated meta‐analyses with the earliest 1 to 10 studies through cumulative meta‐analysis from eligible meta‐analyses. The magnitude and the direction of meta‐analyses with the earliest few studies were compared to the full meta‐analyses. From the CDSR, we identified 20,227 meta‐analyses of binary outcomes and 7683 meta‐analyses of continuous outcomes. Under the tolerable difference of 20% on the magnitude of the effects, the convergence proportion ranged from 24.24% (earliest 1 study) to 77.45% (earliest 10 studies) for meta‐analyses of few earliest studies with binary outcomes. For meta‐analyses of continuous outcomes, the convergence proportion ranged from 13.86% to 56.52%. In terms of the direction of the effects, even when only three studies were available at the earliest stage, the majority had the same direction as full meta‐analyses; Only 19% for binary outcomes and 12% for continuous outcomes changed the direction as further evidence accumulated. Synthesizing evidence from the earliest studies is feasible to support urgent decision‐making, and in most cases, the decisions would be reasonable. Considering the potential uncertainties, it is essential to evaluate the confidence of the evidence of these meta‐analyses and update the evidence when necessary.
Immunohistochemical localization of d‐β‐aspartic acid in congenital and acquired middle ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Kitaya Shiori , Ikeda Ryoukichi , Suzuki Jun , Oshima Hidetoshi , Nomura Yuri , Kusano Yusuke , Ohta Nobuo , Kawase Tetsuaki , Ise Kazue , Murakami Kazuhiro , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Sasano Hironobu , Katori Yukio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective/HypothesisMiddle ear cholesteatoma is characterized by abnormal growth of the keratinizing squamous epithelium of the temporal bone. d‐β‐aspartic acid is the major isomer of d‐aspartic acid found in elderly tissue. We assessed the immunoreactivity to k‐β‐aspartic acid of congenital and acquired middle ear cholesteatomas.Study DesignCase–control studies.Material and MethodsTissue samples were collected from 21 patients comprising 21 ears with congenital middle ear cholesteatoma and 26 patients comprising 29 ears with acquired type. Their clinical and histopathological features were investigated. We divided the middle ear cholesteatoma samples into three layers: the perimatrix, matrix, and cystic contents. The patterns of immunoreactivity to d‐β‐aspartic acid expression were then assessed immunohistochemically.ResultsTwo patterns of immunoreactivity to d‐β‐aspartic acid were detected in middle ear cholesteatoma: infiltrative and diffuse. In congenital middle ear cholesteatoma, d‐β‐aspartic acid expression was observed throughout all the layers (perimatrix, matrix, and cystic contents), and immunoreactivity to d‐β‐aspartic acid was dramatically strong in all layers. The expression levels of d‐β‐aspartic acid to the cystic content and perimatrix were significantly higher in congenital middle ear cholesteatoma than in the acquired type.ConclusionsThis study showed the expression levels of d‐β‐aspartic acid in middle ear cholesteatoma to differ significantly between congenital and acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. Our results indicate that overexpression of d‐β‐aspartic acid is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma, and we speculate that d‐β‐aspartic acid could be a novel biomarker for, and a therapeutic target in, congenital and acquired middle ear cholesteatoma.Level of Evidence4
Riverine bacterioplankton and phytoplankton assembly along an environmental gradient induced by urbanization
Authors: Isabwe Alain , Yang Jun R. , Wang Yongming , Wilkinson David M. , Graham Emily B. , Chen Huihuang , Yang Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLongitudinal environmental heterogeneity and directionality of the water movement are key features that may exert contrasting forces on riverine plankton assembly. Directionality strengthens dispersal‐driven assembly, but this can be masked by urbanization‐induced environmental heterogeneity along the river continuum. In the light of this contrast, we aimed at delineating the relative importance of assembly processes generating distribution patterns of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton communities in a river draining an urbanizing watershed in Southeast China. We applied variation partitioning analysis, neutral community model, and quantitative process estimate on molecular and morphological plankton data obtained over the years 2012–2016. Despite a relatively short distance between sampling sites (< 20 km), plankton community similarity decreased with increasing distance from the upstream pristine site toward the downstream urban area, and formed clusters that roughly corresponded to five habitat patches, predefined based on hydrology and longitudinal landscape change. These distribution patterns were predominantly driven by deterministic and stochastic processes for phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, respectively, indicating a balance between dispersal due to fluvial connectivity and local selective pressures. Considering the global loss of river connectivity due to downstream fragmentation and flow regulation, our findings imply that plankton‐based ecological approaches could be useful to hedge against an uncertain future of rivers draining urbanizing watersheds in an ecologically sustainable way.
Degradable Hemostatic Antibacterial Zein Nanofibrous Mats as Anti‐Adhesive Wound Dressing
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Rong , Liu Ying , Huang Yingxiang , Zhang Jianxun , Ren Xuehong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStrong blood adhesion to dressing may cause secondary damage to the wounds during the wound dressing replacement process. Thus, blood repellent dressings have significant potential applications in wound treatment. Herein, a hydrophobic, degradable, and antibacterial dressing is reported to reduce the blood adhesion and prevent infection around the wounds. The dressing is prepared by cross‐linked non‐woven zein nanofibers with quaternized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles coating. The dual hydrophobic structures supported by zein nanofibers and the quaternized TiO2 nanoparticles coating provide outstanding water/blood repellency for the dressing, and efficiently prevent blood leakage. Meanwhile, the dressing also possesses appropriate moisture permeability (2194 ± 143 mL m−2 per day). In addition, the quaternized TiO2 nanoparticles coating provides excellent bactericidal activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, especially under visible Xe lamp illumination. Evaluations of hemolysis and cytocompatibility confirm that the fabricated mat is biocompatible and non‐toxic to the cells. Considering the excellent degradable features, the dressing may become a promising environmentally friendly biomedical material.
Investigation of the similarity between physical tests and fatigue simulation of flange yoke made of C45 E material used in cardan shafts
Authors: Ozbakiş M. , Yeni E.C. , Kahyalar M.C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study is focused on experimental and numerical estimation of the fatigue life of a flange yoke. The material's stress‐life (fatigue) curve (S−N curve) for axial loading is constructed using specimens extracted from actual flange yokes. The torsional fatigue lives of components are determined by torsional fatigue tests of the complete cardan shafts. Simulation of the cardan shaft model including the flange yoke is carried out in Catia V5 R6 2016 software, which is then transferred to Altair Hyperworks 2017 software for the stress analyses. To predict the number of cycles to failure, the results are transferred into nCode 2018 DesignLife analysis module. An aim is to employ the stress‐life curves as input in numerical calculations and finite element analyses to minimize the costly and time‐consuming experimental work. The results show that physical testing and analysis results are in accordance when S−N curve of actual component material, as well as surface roughness factors measured from real component surface affecting fatigue life are incorporated into the analysis.
Corrosion behavior of as‐cast magnesium‐4 % zinc alloys in simulated body fluid solution: the influence of minor calcium and manganese addition
Authors: Yu J. , Wang L. , Wang Y. , Cao X. , Li Y. , Xing B. , Lu L. , Cheng W. , Wang H. , Shin K. S. , Vedani M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiodegradable magnesium alloys have been extensively investigated for medical applications. In order to explore magnesiumg alloys with good degradable resistance, the effects of minor amounts of calcium and manganese elements on the corrosion behaviors of newly designed as‐cast degradable Mg‐4Zn‐xMn‐xCa alloys have been investigated systematically in this study. The microstructural evolution of various magnesium alloys are measured by optical microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and scanning electronic microscopy. The corrosion properties are studied through immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the grains are refined and the distribution of the intermetallic Mg‐4Zn‐xMn‐xCa alloys is rearranged by adding calcium and manganese elements. The lowest corrosion rate of 3.79 mm/y is achieved on the as‐cast Mg‐4Zn alloy with 0.2 wt.% calcium and 1 wt.% manganese addition. Besides, the corrosion potential (Ecorr) shifted to −1.546 VSCE with the addition of 0.2 wt.% calcium and 1 wt.% manganese. This is because the grain size refinement and the formation of Mg2Ca and Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases. The as‐cast Mg‐4Zn‐1Mn‐0.2Ca alloy can be considered an ideal material for biodegradable implant material application.