bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Transosseous Tunnel Placement for Double Endobutton Platet in the Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Reconstruction :A Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Design Technology
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xiong Jixiang , Zhou Xin , Tang Xiangyu , Gan Yiwen , Yang Yuening , Xia Zhangrong , Sun Xinghao , Liu Tianyu , Wang Guoyou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
To search for a method of accurate transosseous tunnel drilling for the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to design a guide design and to assess its veracity.
Methods
CT scan and MRI data of 150 patients with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury in the Affiliated Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine of Southwest Medical University were selected. Using Mimics software to reconstruct inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis CT data. Design 2 The non-collinear tunnel is superimposed on the three-dimensional model, and a virtual drilling is performed between the tibia and the fibula using a double inner gusset. Then, in the Geomagic Studio software model, an elliptical plane is calculated and extracted as a guide design for precise drilling. Then put the design and the 3D inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis model together for 3D printing. 8 parameters were measured, and the effects of the virtual model and the actual model and the guide rail design were compared.
Results
We compared 8 parameters of the 3D virtual model and actual model successfully. No differences were significantly found between the real and virtual bone tunnels in measurements. (P > 0.05).
Conclusions
The veracity of transosseous tunnel placement for distal tibiofibular syndesmosis reconstruction combined with 3D printing guide design technology in the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is reliable.
Multiscale Spatially Explicit Generalized Additive Modeling of Human-Tiger Conflict Risk
Authors: Malviya Manjari , Krishnamurthy Ramesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Context:
Spatial modeling of human-carnivore conflict has recently gained traction and predictive maps have become a great tool to understand the distribution of present and future conflict risk. However, very few such studies consider scale and use appropriate spatial modeling tools.
Objectives
This study aimed at understanding the ecological predictors of human-tiger conflict and predicting livestock predation risk by reintroduced tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve, Central India, by modelling livestock kill as a function of various tiger relevant ecological variables, at multiple scales employing spatially explicit statistical tools.
Methods
Geostatistical modeling was used to create raster layers of covariates (prey, cover, human activities) following which univariate scaling was done. Livestock loss by tiger was then modelled using geoGAM and spatially explicit conflict risk predicted.
Results
It was found that prey and shrub cover both selected at fine scale, were key ecological determinants of human-tiger conflict. Prey showed an inverse relationship with livestock predation and shrub non-linear, livestock predation increasing with increase in shrub cover, but decreasing beyond a certain point. Thus, in habitats where optimum ambush cover is available but prey presence is low at fine-scale, carnivores are more likely to depredate domestic livestock since livestock have lost most of their anti-predator behaviours.
Conclusions
Livestock kill by tiger is a culmination of predator choice and foraging tactics, and, prey vulnerability and defence mechanism. Thus, the spatially explicit predation risk map can provide a basis to guide adequate mitigation measures, as per the risk probability.
Global within-species phylogenetics of sewage microbes suggest that local adaptation shapes geographical bacterial clustering
Authors: Jespersen Marie , Munk Patrick , Johansen Joachim , Kaas Rolf , Webel Henry , Vigre Håkan , Nielsen Henrik , Rasmussen Simon , Aarestrup Frank 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Most investigations of geographical differences within microbial species are limited to focusing on a single species. Here, we investigate the global differences for multiple bacterial species by using a dataset of 757 metagenomics sewage samples from 101 different countries worldwide. The within-species variations were identified by performing unsupervised genome reconstructions that reduce database and mapping biases, and the analyses were further expanded by using gene focused approaches. Applying these methods, we recovered 3,353 near complete (NC) metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) encompassing 1,439 different MAG species and found that within-species genomic variation was often coherent with regional separation. Additionally, we found that the variation of organelle genes correlated less with geography compared to metabolic and membrane associated genes, suggesting that the global differences of these species are caused by regional environmental selection rather than limitations on dissemination. From the combination of the large and globally distributed dataset with the in-depth analysis methods, we present the most comprehensive investigation of global within-species phylogeny from metagenomics data to date.
Revisiting the relationship between Remittances and CO2 emissions by applying a novel Dynamic Simulated ARDL: Empirical evidence from G-20 Economies.
Authors: Khan Farman Ullah , Rafique Amir , Ullah Ehsan , Khan Faridoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The current study looks at the causes of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by considering the implications of Remittances in the presence of economic growth, financial development, and energy consumption in the case of selected four G-20 economies over the period 1990–2019. This study first uses the Dynamic Simulated ARDL model to stimulate, estimate, and plot to predict graphs of negative and positive changes occurring in the variables automatically as well as their short- and long-run relationships. Results of the ARDL bounds-test confirm a long-term relationship among CO2 emissions, remittances, financial development, economic growth and energy consumption. The results of a novel dynamic simulated ARDL disclosed that the financial development is completely connected to CO2 emissions in Mexico and India in long run. On the other hand, results confirm that there is a positive relationship between remittances and CO2 emissions in case Australia, Germany, and India, but only have an insignificant relationship with CO2 emissions in case of Mexico. The result further disclosed that Renewable energy exerts a significant impact on CO2 in Australia, Mexico, India and Germany in the long run while remittances wield a significant impact on CO2 emissions in Australia, Mexico, India. Moreover, the findings concluded that GDP has significant nexus with CO2 in the long-run in case of Australia, Mexico and Germany. This study opens up new visions for the economies of G-20 countries to sustain financial and economic growth by protecting the environment from pollution through its efficient national environmental policy, fiscal policy, and monetary policy.
Mechanism of human Lig1 regulation by PCNA in Okazaki fragment sealing
Authors: De Biasio Alfredo , Blair Kerry , Tehseen Muhammad , Raducanu Vlad-Stefan , Shahid Taha , Lancey Claudia , Crehuet Ramon , Hamdan Samir 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
During lagging strand synthesis, DNA Ligase 1 (Lig1) cooperates with the sliding clamp PCNA to seal the nicks between Okazaki fragments generated by Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), but the structural basis of this mechanism is unknown. We present cryo-EM structures of human Lig1 bound to nicked DNA and PCNA in absence and presence of FEN1. Lig1 and PCNA form a two-ring complex encircling the DNA substrate. The ligase DNA binding domain (DBD) dynamically tethers Lig1 to one PCNA protomer, leaving one protomer fully accessible for FEN1 engagement. Ligation assays argue that Lig1 binding to PCNA is critical for substrate handoff from FEN1 preassembled with nicked DNA and PCNA. Consistently, cryo-EM data show that when Lig1 and FEN1 are simultaneously bound to one PCNA ring, the nicked DNA is trapped within the ligase active site and poised for the end-joining reaction. Thus, PCNA functions as a bivalent platform for the synchronous coordination of Lig1 and FEN1 in Okazaki fragment sealing.
Early response evaluation by single cell signaling profiling in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tislevoll Benedicte , Hellesøy Monica , Fagerholt Oda , Gullaksen Stein-Erik , Srivast Aashish , Birkeland Even , Kleftogiannis Dimitrios , Ayuda-Durán Pilar , Piechaczyk Laure , Tadele Dagim , Skavland Jørn , Panagiotis Baliakas , Hovland Randi , Andresen Vibeke , Aghaeepour Nima , Gavasso Sonia , Porkka Kimmo , Jonassen Inge , Enserink Jorrit , Fløisand Yngvar , Blaser Nello , Gjertsen Björn Tore 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: A fundamental hallmark of cancer cells is their ability to sustain proliferative signaling and cell survival, reflected in a cellular chemotherapy response that is poorly understood. We questioned whether chemotherapy modulated phospho-signaling at 4 and 24 h in vivo could provide information about long-term survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and if the signaling response to therapy was more informative than analysis at time of diagnosis. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from 32 younger AML patients (age 16-74 years), before, 4- and 24 hours after start of induction chemotherapy. Samples were analyzed by 36-dimensional mass cytometry for assessment of alterations in immunophenotypes and intracellular signaling using unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches. Results were validated by RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry proteomics (Super SILAC). Targeted sequencing was used to characterize patient samples for recurrent AML mutations. Drug sensitivity and resistance testing ex vivo was compared to activation of relevant signal transduction pathways and mutational profile. Findings: 5-year patient survival was accurately predicted in the leukemic cell population at 24 hours after therapy onset by phospho-proteins p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204) and p-p38 (T180/Y182). RNA sequencing showed induction of MAPK target gene expression and the AP-1 transcription complex in patients with high p-ERK1/2. Super-SILAC proteomics confirmed an increase in the abundance of p38 prime target MAPKAPK2(MK2) 24 hours after start of induction therapy. Ex vivo drug sensitivity testing demonstrated high sensitivity to MEK inhibitors in the patient cells with high p-ERK1/2 measured at diagnosis or 24 hours after start of chemotherapy. Interpretation: Early single cell signaling response to chemotherapy provided precise prognostic information independent of stratification by genetics. We propose that early functional measurement of chemotherapy-potentiated MAPK pathway signaling could identify non-responders to intensive chemotherapy allowing precise treatment adjustment.
An Investigation of Fucoidan as a Potential Inhibitor Against DENV/NS3 Proteases Through Molecular Dynamics Simulations and DFT Studies
Authors: Swaminathan Ramalingam , Muthumanickam Sankar , Anuradha Venkataraman , Ali Mohamed yacoob Syed , Pandi Boomi , Ramachandran Balajee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne disease that spreads in the tropics and subtropics mainly by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, infecting more than 100 million people and cause copious deaths every year in globally. As of now, no direct-acting antiviral drugs or vaccine are available to combat DENV. Therefore, identification of novel small molecules from natural origin becomes inevitable for the management of DENV fever. Here, in silicofromPadinagymnospora was analyzed for competitive binding on the active site non-structural protein NS3 proteases were selected that are potential therapeutic target for direct-acting antiviral. The fucoidan compound was docked with active site of NS3 proteases, showing good docking score and strong interaction with the catalytic dyad His51, Asp75 and Ser135 amino acids. Furthermore, Binding Free Energy was done by using prime MM/GBSA to access the binding affinity of fucoidan towards the target protein. Moreover, Molecular Dynamic Simulation was performed to evaluate the structural stability of the docked complexes. In addition, HOMO and LUMO for fucoidan phytocompound was done by DFT calculation, reveals the good chemical stability based on the energy value. The fucoidan phytocompound has satisfied all the relevant pharmacokinetic properties and also highly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. From the overall findings of this study, it is concluded that the fucoidan from Padinagymnospora has effectively blocked the catalytic dyad of NS3 proteases which could be considered as a potent inhibitor to control the DENV multiplication infection. Insilico approach plays vital role in the initial screening of lead molecules.
12-Hydroxyjasmonic Acid Glucoside Causes Leaf-Folding of Samanea Saman Through the ROS Accumulation
Authors: Ueda Minoru , Yang Gangqiang , Ishimaru Yasuhiro , Hoshino Shunji , Muraoka Yuki , Uozumi Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Foliar nyctinasty, the circadian rhythmic movement of plants, is common among leguminous plants and has been widely studied since the era of Charles Darwin. Biological studies on nyctinasty have been conducted by using Samanea saman as a standard plant. By using S. saman, it is revealed that the circadian rhythmic turgor change in the motor cell is responsible for the foliar nyctinasty: the circadian rhythmic potassium flux from/in motor cell triggers shrinking/swelling of the cell to cause nyctinastic leaf-folding/opening movement of S. saman. Recently, 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid glucoside (JAG) was identified as an endogenous chemical factor causing the leaf-folding of S. saman. In addition, SPORK2 was identified as an outward-rectifying potassium channel causing leaf-movement of the same plant. However, molecular mechanism linking between JAG and SPORK2 remains elusive. Here, we report that JAG induces leaf-folding through accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the extensor motor cells of S. saman, which occurs independently of plant hormone signaling. SPORK2 is indispensable through the JAG-triggered shrinkage of the motor cell. This is the first report on JAG, believed to be an inactivated/storage derivative of JA, acting as a bioactive metabolite in plant.
Monitoring fine-scale vegetation cover change using UAV-mounted multispectral cameras: A practical approach
Authors: Blerk Justin James van , West Adam , Smit Julian , Altwegg Res , Hoffman Michael Timm 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Monitoring fine-scale vegetation processes over wider spatial extents is often logistically challenging. We demonstrate a practical approach for monitoring high-resolution (i.e sub-meter) vegetation cover changes using UAV-mounted multispectral cameras. We use the post-fire shrublands of the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa as a case study. Repeated NDVI images of post-fire sites were generated biannually over three years using UAV-mounted multispectral cameras and commercial, image-processing software. We applied a procedure for identifying and correcting temporal radiometric noise in repeated NDVI images using pseudoinvariant features (PIFs). We then extracted vegetation cover data using NDVI thresholding. The quality of UAV-based vegetation cover data was assessed using detailed ground-truthing. Relative radiometric image normalization reduced radiometric noise in NDVI data and resulted in stronger correlations between UAV-based and ground-based area cover measurements over time. UAV-mounted multispectral cameras are effective high-resolution vegetation monitoring tools which could help ecologists to investigate fine-scale vegetation processes across wider spatial extents.
Agricultural mechanisation could reduce global labour requirements by hundreds of millions of agri-food workers
Authors: Vittis Yiorgos , Godfray Charles , Obersteiner Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The agricultural transition to more resilient and efficient farming is transforming food production systems in many regions globally. An important element of this global transition is exhibited through technological developments in farming practices. Their implications on the rural livelihoods employed in agriculture, however, have not been analysed at a global level. Here, we quantify the number of agricultural labourers that will be needed in agriculture following this agrarian transition. We focus on the potential labour reserves by simulating two what-if scenarios of incremental and very fast transition of mechanisation development in food systems and compare them to a baseline resembling the current state of agricultural employment. Presently, agriculture requires 286 million full-time equivalent workers (AWU) to reach the 2011-2015 production volumes of 21 major agricultural products. An incremental mechanisation development decreases the labour requirements to 74 million AWU while a very fast transition in mechanisation further reduces requirements to 19 million AWU. Given the significant implications of agricultural mechanisation on global labour requirements, our analysis demonstrates the need for forthcoming policies to consider the viability of rural groups led to exit agriculture in order to ensure a meaningful transition for the smallholders globally.
Robustness of evidence reported in preprints during peer review
Authors: Nelson Lindsay , Ye Honghan , Schwenn Anna , Lee Claire , Arabi Salsabil , Hutchins B. Ian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Adoption of preprints dramatically expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many have expressed concern that the risk of flawed decision-making is increased by relying on preprint data that would not survive peer review. We therefore asked how much the information presented in preprints is expected to change after review. We quantify attrition dynamics of over 1000 epidemiological estimates first reported in 100 matched preprints studying COVID-19. We find that 89% of point estimates persist through peer review. Of these, the correlation between preprint and published estimate values is extremely high at 0.99, and there is no systematic trend toward estimate inflation or deflation during review. A higher degree of data alteration during peer review, either in terms of magnitude or deletion, might be expected in papers never published because of their lower quality, which could limit the generalizability of our results. Importantly, we find that expert peer review scores of preprint quality are not related to eventual publication in a peer reviewed journal, mitigating this concern. Uncertainty is reduced somewhat, however, as authors add another 18% of data points compared to the preprint version. Confidence interval ranges also decrease by a small but statistically significant 7%. Therefore, the evidence base presented in preprints is highly stable, and where data change during review, uncertainty is expected to decrease by a small amount on average. These results lend credence to the use of preprints, as one component of the biomedical research literature, in decision-making. These results can help inform the use of preprints during the ongoing pandemic as well as future disease outbreaks.
A combination of the K-L and S-P approaches for treating acetabular posterior wall factures accompanied by femoral head fractures with open reduction and internal fixation
Authors: Mu Weidong , Lian Shichao , Yang Zhong , Hu Zongliang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: In clinical practice, acetabular posterior wall fracture combined with femoral head fracture is rare. However, with the increasing number of engineering and traffic accidents, such fractures, have increased significantly in recent years. This paper aims to explore the clinical efficiency of the Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) and Smith-Petersen (S-P) combined approaches for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of acetabular posterior wall fractures accompanied by femoral head fractures (Pipkin type IV fractures).Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 8 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of Pipkin type IV fractures through the K-L combined with S-P approach in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020. All 8 patients were successfully operated on without serious complications, such as important blood vessel and nerve damage, with an operation time of 143.8± 44.38 minutes and intraoperative blood loss of 225 ± 70.71 ml. Perioperative data were recorded. The Harris score was used to evaluate the clinical effect. Fracture reduction quality was evaluated according to the Matta radiological standard. The grade of ectopic ossification was evaluated by the Brooker grading method, and the stage of femoral head necrosis was evaluated by Ficat-Arlet staging.Results: The Harris score increased significantly from 57.38 ± 4.779 at 3 months, to 76.13 ± 3.682 at 6 months, 88.25 ± 3.495 at 12 months, and 92.13 ± 2.232 at 36 months postoperatively. After statistical analysis, compared with the previous observation time point, the data comparison differences between the groups were statistically significant. P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.05). By the time of the latest follow-up, 6 of the 8 patients had recovered to the level of pre-injury sports capacity. In contrast, the other 2 patients remained below the level of pre-injury sports capacity. In terms of imaging evaluation, the quality of fracture reduction on radiographs was graded as excellent in 6 patients and good in 2 patients according to Matta's criteria. At the last follow-up, no heterotopic ossification or femoral head necrosis was found in of all the images. In addition, the hip joint space was normal in 6 cases, mildly narrowed in 1 case, and clearly narrowed in 1 case.Conclusions: The K-L combined with S-P approach provides effective exposure for the reduction and fixation of Pipkin type IV fractures and achieves satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Influence of the temperature and pressure on densification, physical and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 produced by Hot Pressing
Authors: Marques Ana Cristina , Cunha Ângela , Silva Filipe , Bartolomeu Flávio , Carvalho Óscar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This work aims to study the influence of hot-pressing (HP) sintering conditions (temperature and pressure) on Inconel 718 (Inc718) powders densification, microstructural, fracture mode and hardness properties. The sintering conditions included temperatures of 1000, 1068 and 1150 ºC and pressures of 50 and 60 MPa for a dwell time of 60 min. Fracture mode and the grain morphology were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The grain size (GS) of the compacts increased with increasing HPed temperature and the fracture mode changed from intergranular dominant fracture to fully dimple ductile fracture. The microstructure features were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results showed that intermetallic precipitate originated from the Inconel 718 powders were retained in the sintered specimens considered. The chromium Carbides ( ) were formed at 1068ºC but were eliminated when HPed at and above 1150ºC and 60 MPa once they tend to dissolve when increasing temperature. The hardness results revealed that the sintering Inconel 718 powders at 1000 ºC is not enough to promote the proper densification and so the optimum hardness results. For higher temperature (1068 and 1150 ºC) the hardness results decrease from 292 to 283 HV with increasing HP temperature (for 60 MPa) due to the dissolution of chromium carbides ( ). The pressure conditions also influenced powder’s sintering but did not reveal a pronounced difference in densification and hardness results. Further investigations must consider a wide range of pressure values as well a deeply study on the microstructure features on particle grain boundaries.