bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocontrol potential of Chitosan extracted from Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea: Cambaridae) against Eobania vermiculata snails (Muller 1774) in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Amina M. , Morad Mostafa Y. , Hamdi Salwa A. H. , Fol Mona F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Land snails, especially the chocolate banded snails, Eobania vermiculata (Muller 1774) are destructive pests of a wide range of field and vegetable crops, and biological treatment appears to be better alternative to the chemical snail control. Therefore, the goal of this work was to assess the molluscicidal activity of chitosan extracted from the crawfish Procambarus clarkii against E. vermiculata using oxidative stress, histopathological and genotoxic biomarkers.

Results
Exposure of snails to LC50 (222.4 mg/l) chitosan for 1, 3 and 7 days induced a significant increase in glutathione S-transferase and catalase levels then decline in reduced glutathione content after 1 and 3 days as well as a slight decrease in CAT levels, GSH content and GST of the treated snails after 7 days exposure. Histologically, the stress induced by chitosan exposure leads to deformation of cells, dilatation of the intertubular spaces, and destruction of tubules with increase in lumen size, necrosis of digestive cells with rise in vacuoles number and increase in calcium cells number. Considerably, a great damage was observed with increasing time of exposure. Furthermore, genotoxicity was assessed using RAPD-PCR technique and the results revealed that change in RAPD profiles of E. vermiculata following chitosan treatment included loss of normal DNA bands and appearance of new one compared to control snails. The genomic template stability was 63.6, 36.4 and 18.2% 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure, respectively. The apparent of new bands increased as time of exposure decreased, while GTS values decreased confirming the effect of chitosan-induced DNA damage.

Conclusion
Chitosan may be an ecofriendly acceptable alternative pesticide for snail control.
Biology and functional response of the predator, Dortus primarius (Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae) preying on Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Varshney Richa , Budhlakoti Neeraj 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDortus primarius(Distant) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a general predator reported from the oriental region. This bug is naturally found in many crop ecosystems where it feeds on thrips, aphids, insect eggs and other soft-bodied insects. Although, the rearing protocol of this predatory mirid has been developed, the efficiency of this predator as a biocontrol agent is limited and needs to be investigated. The thrips,Frankliniella schultzei(Trybom) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a polyphagous pest that attacks many crops in polyhouse in India. Therefore, in the present study, biology and functional response of this predator to different densities ofF. schultzeilarvae in the laboratory was investigated.ResultsThe mirid predator was able to develop from egg to adulthood on tomato infested plant withF. schultzeilarvae in 23–24 days with 15 and 11.76% mortality of 4th and 5th instar nymphs, respectively. Both 5th instar and female adults exhibited a type III functional response. At highest prey density (40) both 5th instar and female adults consumed 21.6 and 28.6 thrips larvae per day, respectively. Functional response parameters, viz. attack rate, handling time, a/Thand T/Thshowed the potency of this predator againstF. schultzei.ConclusionBased on the high fecundity, predation rate and density dependent behaviour, it is predicted thatD. primariusmight be an efficient and potential predator. However, further research is needed to assess its release rate and other ecological studies in the field situation.
Predicting pathological response of locally advanced breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: comparing the performance of whole body 18F-FDG PETCT versus DCE-MRI of the breast
Authors: Sobhi Alaa , Talaat hamed Soha , Hussein El-shaymaa , Lasheen Shaimaa , Hussein Mai , Ebrahim Youstina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
With the expansion of the use of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), both dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET CT) are promising methods for assessment of the tumor response during chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DCE-MRI of breast &18 F-FDG PETCT regarding the assessment of early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in locally advanced breast cancer patients (LABC) and pathologic complete response (pCR) prediction.

Results
A total of forty LABC patients who had NAC were included in the study. Before and during NAC, PET/CT and DCE-MRI were used. Various morphological and functional criteria were compared and linked with post-operative pathology for both. The MRI sensitivity and specificity in assessing NAC response in conjunction with pathological data were 100% (p = 0.001) and 12.5% (p = 0.18) respectively. The equivalent readings for PET/CT were 94.1% (p = 0.001) and 25% (p = 0.18), respectively, although the estimated total accuracy for both MRI and PETCT was the same measuring 94.1% (p = 0.001) and 25% (p = 0.18) (72%). PETCT had a higher overall accuracy than MRI in assessing the response of axillary lymph nodes (ALN) to NAC (64% and 56%, respectively). Longest diameter of lesion, ADC value, and maximal enhancement in baseline MRI, SUVmax and SUV mean in baseline PETCT were all significant predictors of rCR.

Conclusion
During NAC in the primary breast mass and ALN, DCE-MRI demonstrated a better sensitivity in predicting pCR in LABC patients. Although both MRI and PETCT were equally accurate in detecting pCR of LABC patients to NAC, PETCT was more accurate in detecting pathological response of ALN to NAC.
Comparing shear wave elastography with liver biopsy in the assessment of liver fibrosis at King Hussein Medical Center
Authors: Zayadeen A. R. , Hijazeen S. , Smadi M. , Fayyad L. , Halasa M. , AlQusous S. , AlRabadi O. , Hijazeen R. , Ajlouni Y. , Tulenko K. , Malik P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims
The aim of this prospective study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the liver shear wave elastography to the golden standard liver biopsy in staging liver fibrosis.

Patients and methods
Ninety-five patients were included in this study. These patients were sent for liver biopsy as a possible living liver donor or because of different pathologies including viral and autoimmune hepatitis and congenital liver diseases. A shear wave elastography and US-guided liver biopsy were done at the same setting by one experienced radiologist. One experienced histopathologist, blinded to SWE results, read the specimens.

Results
We included 95 patients in the study with a mean age of 30 years (range 3–65 years). We had 15/95 (16%) patients with hepatitis B/C, 61/95 (64%) patients with another liver disease, and 19/95 (20%) were donors. The mean of liver stiffness measured by elastography in patients was 6.5±0.19 kPa. The mean liver stiffness measured by elastography in patients with F0–F1 fibrosis was 5.39 ± 0.62 kPa, F2 was 7.32 ± 0.41, at stage F3 was 8.46 ± 0.33, and in the F4 stage, it was 11.42 ± 2.8 kPa. We found a significant difference in the mean level of liver stiffness in different degrees of fibrosis (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion
The shear wave elastography could be used to assess liver fibrosis regardless of the cause.
Reproductive Phenotypes in Men With Acquired or Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Comparative Study
Authors: Maione Luigi , Sarfati Julie , Gonfroy-Leymarie Céline , Salenave Sylvie , Brailly-Tabard Sylvie , Chanson Philippe , Trabado Séverine , Kaiser Ursula B , Young Jacques 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
In men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), gonadotropin deficiency and testicular impairment exist since fetal development and persist throughout life. In a few reported cases of acquired HH (AHH), HH onset occurs mainly post pubertally.

Objective
This work aimed to compare the natural history and reproductive status in large series of CHH and lesional AHH evaluated in a single expert academic center.

Methods
We included 172 controls, 668 male HH patients (CHH: n = 201 [age 16.9 ± 9.0 years], lesional AHH: n = 467 [age 45.6 ± 18.4 years]) caused by hypothalamic and/or pituitary tumors (mainly adenomas and craniopharyngiomas) or infiltrative/traumatic diseases.

Results
At diagnosis, CHH were significantly younger, with 52.9% diagnosed before age 18 years, compared to only 9.6% of AHH patients. Cryptorchidism (21.9% vs 0.3%) and micropenis were more prevalent in CHH than AHH patients. Low testicular volume (TV) was present in 97% of patients with CHH (mean TV: 3.4 ± 2.7 mL) but in only 30% of those with AHH (mean TV: 20.8 ± 5.0 mL). Whereas no men with persistent CHH had spontaneous fertility, 70.4% of AHH men fathered at least one child without medical therapy. Total testosterone was lower both in CHH and AHH patients than in controls. Compared to controls, circulating gonadotropins and testicular peptides (insulin-like factor-3 and inhibin B) were decreased both in CHH and AHH, but were significantly higher in patients with AHH.

Conclusion
In AHH patients, the HH has later onset and is less severe than in CHH and the phenotype can overlap with that of individuals with normal laboratory values. Our data suggest that age at diagnosis is a predictor of the reproductive phenotype in AHH.
A point mutation in human coilin prevents Cajal body formation
Authors: Basello Davide A. , Matera A. Gregory , Staněk David 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Coilin is a conserved protein essential for integrity of nuclear membrane-less inclusions called Cajal bodies. Here, we report an amino acid substitution (p.K496E) found in a widely-used human EGFP–coilin construct that has a dominant-negative effect on Cajal body formation. We show that this coilin-K496E variant fails to rescue Cajal bodies in cells lacking endogenous coilin, whereas the wild-type construct restores Cajal bodies in mouse and human coilin-knockout cells. In cells containing endogenous coilin, both the wild-type and K496E variant proteins accumulate in Cajal bodies. However, high-level overexpression of coilin-K496E causes Cajal body disintegration. Thus, a mutation in the C-terminal region of human coilin can disrupt Cajal body assembly. Caution should be used when interpreting data from coilin plasmids that are derived from this variant (currently deposited at Addgene).
Understanding variation in patient care: A qualitative study of hospital (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) practices
Authors: Cramer Helen , Hughes Jacki , Evans Maggie , Feder Gene , Deaton Christi , Featherstone Katie , Timmis Adam , Hemingway Harry , Johnson Rachel 
Published: March 2022

Background Variation in care is often poorly understood but has a big impact on patients. Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, also known as non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome or NSTE-ACS) is the most common form of heart attack. NSTEMI is frequently hard to diagnose, its management pathway poorly defined and there is considerable variation in clinical practice. Methods A qualitative study based on site visits, observation, and interviews with managers, clinicians and patients. The setting was 10 hospitals in England and Wales selected to represent variation in 30-day mortality. 199 hospital staff and 68 patients were observed; 142 staff and 53 patients were interviewed. Analysis was thematic and guided by the principles of grounded theory. We triangulated interviews, observational data and medical records and interpreted these findings with reference to national guidelines. Results While the majority of hospitals in our sample had specialist cardiac roles, variation in their remits, specifically their involvement in close monitoring, significantly affected patient management. Close monitoring was important in the identification and prioritisation of patients. Rapid responses with diagnostic and treatment procedures were facilitated by close monitoring but also heavily dependent on effective and flexible bed and catheter laboratory management. Conclusions Close monitoring was a key area of variation. Guidelines for NSTEMI care specify what to do, but not how to do it. These findings are especially relevant for acute conditions with diagnostic and treatment uncertainty. Detailed examples of variation in care can inform quality improvement and potentially help improve patient outcomes.
Reducing and Calibrating for Input Model Bias in Computer Simulation
Authors: Morgan Lucy E. , Rhodes-Leader Luke , Barton Russell R. 
Published: March 2022

Input model bias is the bias found in the output performance measures of a simulation model caused by estimating the input distributions/processes used to drive it. When the simulation response is a nonlinear function of its inputs, as is usually the case when simulating complex systems, input modelling bias is amongst the errors that arise. In this paper, we introduce a method that recalibrates the input parameters of parametric input models to reduce the bias in the simulation output. The proposed method is based on sequential quadratic programming with a closed form analytical solution at each step. An algorithm with guidance on how to practically implement the method is presented. The method is shown to be successful in reducing input modelling bias and the total mean squared error caused by input modelling error. Summary of Contribution: This paper furthers the understanding and treatment of input modelling error in computer simulation. We provide a novel method for reducing input model bias by recalibrating the input parameters used to drive a simulation model. A sequential quadratic programming approach with an explicit solution is provided to recalibrate the input parameters. The method is therefore computationally inexpensive. An algorithm outlining our proposed procedure is provided within the paper. An evaluation of the method shows the method successfully reduces input model bias and may also reduce the mean squared error caused by input modelling in the output of a simulation model.
EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: ALGUNS APONTAMENTOS SOBRE A PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA E FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA NO MUNICÍPIO DE REBOUÇAS-PR
Authors: Vereta Crislaine Leticia , Machado Polon Sandra Aparecida 
Published: March 2022

A pesquisa teve como objetivo, analisar e denominar como se encontra o desenvolvimento da formação continuada dos professores que atuam em escolas do campo, geograficamente limitado no município de Rebouças-Pr. Por este viés, buscamos reconhecer como está o “olhar” pedagógico em relação aos professores que atuam nas escolas campesinas; bem como o propenso desenvolvimento quanto à formação continuada para estes professores regentes. A pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória foi desenvolvida a partir de estudo bibliográfico e trabalho de campo. Assim, a metodologia optou, para a coleta de dados, um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. A enquete foi direcionada aos professores, das duas escolas localizadas nas áreas rurais. Em seguida, realizou-se uma entrevista com as coordenadoras dessas escolas e com a Secretaria de Educação do município de Rebouças. Neste recorte, buscou-se a sondagem ofertada, quanto à formação continuada dos educadores e também, inclusos alguns relatos de como se encontra a prática pedagógica voltada à educação do campo na atual conjuntura no município sinalizado. Ao friccionar determinados traços dessa trajetória, os resultados obtidos permitem apontar a existência de certos “ruídos” por parte dos professores envolvidos na pesquisa. O que apontou dúvidas principalmente nos iniciantes nesta área e logo, inexperientes na arte de ensinar. Embora tenham declarado não conhecer sobre a temática Educação do Campo, por outro lado, houve contradição quando assinalaram nos termos que a proposta já foi salientada em formações continuadas. Nesta linha a presente pesquisa almeja abrir espaço para constantes pesquisas relacionadas ao tema em destaque.
Docência na creche: contradições e enfrentamentos
Authors: Nascimento Ana Paula Santiago do , Rodrigues Claudia Meire , Silva Dilma Antunes 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem como foco a discussão sobre como as pesquisas da área de educação vêm tratando as funções docentes nas creches do país. Resulta de um levantamento de trabalhos (teses, dissertações e artigos publicados em revistas e em anais de congresso) produzidos entre os anos de 2015 e 2021, que objetivou identificar questões referentes à identidade, formação docente (inicial e continuada) e à relação entre educação e cuidado, entendendo que essas três categorias podem revelar como a área vem trabalhando com a existência de diferentes profissionais, com e sem formação específica, responsáveis por garantir o direito à educação de bebês e crianças pequenas em instituições educacionais. Adotou-se as três etapas iniciais do Estado do Conhecimento (MOROSINI, KOHLS-SANTOS, BITTENCOURT, 2021), como metodologia e, em complementaridade, recorreu-se a um levantamento de dados educacionais no Censo Escolar 2020 para apresentar um perfil dessas profissionais. Como resultado, identifica-se que a temática aqui abordada não é focalizada na maioria dos estudos. Embora haja significativo número de trabalhos que indiquem a coexistência de profissionais sob diferentes cargos atuando na educação infantil, estes não problematizam aspectos como: possível hierarquização do trabalho pedagógico, divisão de tarefas, consequências para as crianças; clima escolar; valorização das autoimagens profissionais etc. São poucos os trabalhos que tratam explicitamente da coexistência, no mesmo ambiente, de docentes e outras profissionais “não docentes”, evidenciando assim, a necessidade de mais estudos nesse campo, a fim de ampliar a visibilidade e reconhecimento do trabalho desenvolvido junto a crianças bem pequenas, em creches.
Power equalization method of a DFB fiber laser sensor array
Authors: Xu Dan , Huang Jun Bin , Wu Jun , Gu Hong Can , Liu Wen 
Published: March 2022

To reduce the output power ununiformity mainly caused by the exponential attenuation of pump power in a distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB FL) sensor array, a power equalization method based on array structure optimization is proposed. By analyzing the influencing factors of the output power flatness of the array, an output power prediction model of a DFB FL wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) array is established, and the standard deviation coefficient of the output power is proposed as the main evaluating indicator for assessing the output power flatness. An array structure optimization scheme based on the simulated annealing algorithm is designed, and the optimized array structure of the 64-element DFB FL sensor array is achieved. The results show that the power fluctuation of the optimized array is significantly reduced from universal 5–10 dB to smaller than 2.6 dB, while the performance of the DFB FL sensor array is improved with better noise floor and increased multiplexing capacity, as well as improved array design efficiency.
Ion beam figuring strategy for aluminum optics with minimal extra material removal
Authors: Guan Chaoliang , Du Chunyang , Dai Yifan , Hu Hao 
Published: March 2022

With the application spectrum moving from infrared to visible light, aluminum optics with complex forms are difficult to fabricate by the majority of existing processing methods. Possessing the highest machining precision and low processing contamination, ion beam figuring (IBF) is a better method for fabrication of aluminum optics. However, the surface roughness deteriorates with the removal depth during IBF. In this study, the extra material removal during the IBF process is studied systematically. Extra material removal consists of two parts, determined by the convolution process and the limitation of the dynamic performance of machining tools. Extra material removal can be reduced by filtering out the surface residual error with a spatial frequency higher than the cut-off frequency and reducing the iterations of the machining process. Then, the executability of the dwell time matrix and the figuring ability of the removal function are analyzed. Adjusting the working parameters (volume removal rate) reduces the requirements for dynamic performance of machining tools. Finally, a minimal material removal processing strategy for aluminum optics based on power spectral density analysis and a spatial frequency filtering method is proposed. A simulation is conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy. With the same final precision (59.8 nm PV and 4.4 nm RMS), the maximum material removal decreases nearly 36 nm by applying the strategy, which reduces roughness nearly 10 nm. This study promotes the application of IBF in the field of aluminum optics fabrication as well as improves the machining precision of aluminum optics.
Single-shot 3D tracking based on polarization multiplexed Fourier-phase camera: erratum
Authors: Teng Jiajie , Hu Chengyang , Huang Honghao , Chen Minghua , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei 
Published: March 2022

This erratum corrects Fig. 5 in Photon. Res. 9, 1924 (2021)PRHEIZ2327-912510.1364/PRJ.432292.
Monoclonal antibody pairs against SARS-CoV-2 for rapid antigen test development
Authors: Salcedo Nol , Reddy Ankita , Gomez Adam R. , Bosch Irene , Herrera Bobby Brooke 
Published: March 2022

Background
The focus on laboratory-based diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants alternative public health tools such as rapid antigen tests. While there are a number of commercially available antigen tests to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), all cross-react with the genetically similar SARS-CoV-1 or require an instrument for results interpretation.

Methodology/Principal findings
We developed and validated rapid antigen tests that use pairs of murine-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), along with gold nanoparticles, to detect SARS-CoV-2 with or without cross-reaction to SARS-CoV-1 and other coronaviruses. In this development, we demonstrate a robust antibody screening methodology for the selection of mAb pairs that can recognize SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. Linear epitope mapping of the mAbs helped elucidate SARS-CoV-2 S and N interactions in lateral flow chromatography. A candidate rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 N was validated using nasal swab specimens that were confirmed positive or negative by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Test results were image-captured using a mobile phone and normalized signal pixel intensities were calculated; signal intensities were inversely correlated to RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value.

Conclusion/Significance
Overall, our results suggest that the rapid antigen test is optimized to detect SARS-CoV-2 N during the acute phase of COVID-19. The rapid antigen tests developed in this study are alternative tools for wide scale public health surveillance of COVID-19.