bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Subtalar Calcaneal Angle; A Novel Angle for Evaluation of Displaced Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Shekhbihi Abdelkader , Shahat Ahmad , Riem Sarwiga , Reichert Winfried , Masoud Mohammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives : The radiological measurement of the Böhler angle (BA) and the critical angle of Gissane (CAG) is used not only to diagnose and corroborate the suspicion of the presence of calcaneal fractures but also to assess the prognosis of different injury patterns and to evaluate the operative reduction of calcaneal fractures. Notwithstanding, many previous studies indicated the poor intra- and interobserver reproducibility of both angles. In this review article, we present the subtalar calcaneal angle (SCA) as an additional diagnostic tool - to BA and CAG - which can be applied on pre- and postoperative radiographs to assess calcaneal fractures involving the posterior facet. Design : Retrospective Study.Methods : Two retrospective groups were established, a ‘CF-group’ including radiographs of patients who were diagnosed with a calcaneal fracture and underwent operative treatment in the authors’ traumatology department, and a ‘control group’ with 50 lateral calcaneal radiographs clear of osseous lesions. Initially, the SCA, BA and the CAG were measured in both groups by three examiners. Those measurements were repeated one month later. Both the intra- and intertester reliabilities of all three angles were tested through the determination of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A paired t-test was used to prove the statistically significant difference between the SCA values for the pre- and postoperative groups, while the significant difference between the SCA values for the control and preoperative groups was tested through an independent-samples t-test. Results : The intra- and interobserver reliability of the SCA and the BA was in close proximity. The CAG showed poor intertester reliability. The values of the SCA in both the control and postoperative groups were significantly different compared to the measurements of the preoperative group.Conclusion : The subtalar calcaneal angle is a new instrument with proven reliability in estimating the prognosis of displaced calcaneal fractures and the postoperative alignment of the posterior facet.
COVID-19 vaccines breakthrough infection and adverse reactions in medical students: A nationwide survey in Iran
Authors: Allahgholipour Amirreza , Rosstami-Nejad Mohammad , Safavi-Naini Seyed Amir Ahmad , Rostami Hossein Nazary , Honarvar Mohamad Javad , Mohammadi Mohammad , Khalili Parnian , Ilaghi Mehran , Afshar Hossein , Baghbadorani Ali Amini , Moghimi Hamid Reza , Goorabi Alireza Chamani , Mehrparvar Amirreza , Safari Mehdi , Nakhli Ashraf Sadat , Mahmoudabadi Mohammad , Seifadini Adib , Shaikhansari Sobhan , Khojastehfar Sadaf , Mahdavi Parisa , Mohammadi Maede , Barzideh Siyamak Ashrafi , Akbarzadeh Nadia , Ahmadigol Adel , Zali Alireza , Moghadam Seyed Hosein Delavarpour , Barary Mohammad , Emamhadi MohammadAli 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the rate of COVID-19 breakthrough infection and adverse events in medical students.
Methods
Iranian medical students receiving two doses of COVID-19 vaccines were included in this retrospective cohort study. The medical team gathered the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, type of vaccine, adverse events following vaccination, and history of COVID-19 infection data through a phone interview. The frequency of adverse events and breakthrough infection was stratified by vaccine type (ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac, and BIBP-CorV).
Results
A total of 3591 medical students enrolled in this study, of which 57.02% were females, with a mean age of 23.31 + 4.87. A PCR-confirmed and suspicious-for-COVID-19 breakthrough infection rate of 4.51% and 7.02% was detected, respectively. There was no significant relation between breakthrough infection and gender, BMI, blood groups, and comorbidities. However, there was a significant difference in breakthrough infection rate among different types of vaccines (P = 0.001) and history of COVID-19 infection (P = 0.001). A total of 16 participants were hospitalized for COVID-19 infection, and no severe infection or death was observed in the studied population.
Conclusion
Vaccination prevented severe COVID-19 infection, although a high breakthrough infection rate was evident among Iran medical students during the Delta variant’s peak. Vaccine effectiveness may be fragile during emerging new variants and in high-exposure settings. Moreover, adverse events are rare, and the benefits of vaccination outweigh the side effects. However, many limitations challenged this study, and the results should be cautious.
Systematic analysis of semiconductor photoconductivity dynamics under different laser excitations: two- and three-level models
Authors: Mahi fatima zohra , Mahi Abdelhamid , Mahi Fatima Zohra , Abbes Alaeddine , Varani Luca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A numerical study of a model photoconductor under pulse and continuous-wave laser excitation is presented. From the solution of a system of partial differential equations related to the populations of conduction and valence bands we analyze the time behavior of the photoexcited concentrations of electrons and holes where the diffusion phenomena and the presence of electric field are neglected. Additionally, for the three-level model, the population of traps level is also introduced and analyzed as a third variable. The dynamics of electrons, holes and traps levels concentrations are studied in the presence of different types of pulse and harmonic laser photoexcitations. We show that an improved physical insight is obtained through a systematic analysis of the influence of the main physical parameters, such as generation and recombination rates, between the available energy levels.
Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Edwardsiella tarda Bacteremia at a Single Institution, Japan, 2005-2022
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Kenya Murata , Suzuki Kumiko , Ogawa Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Edwardsiella tarda is an Enterobacteriaceae isolated from freshwater and sea that can cause bacteremia in humans. However, only a few studies have described its clinical features; therefore, we conducted a case review in our hospital.
Methods
We conducted a single-center, retrospective descriptive study using electronic medical records. Patient and microbial features were extracted and evaluated for 30-day and 90-day mortality rates.
Results
From April 2005 to April 2022, the total number of positive blood cultures was 9368, 38 of which were E. tarda. Underlying cancer was observed in 65.8% of patients. The most common source of bacteremia was cholangitis, followed by cholecystitis, and endoscopic or surgical drainage was performed in almost all cases. Diarrhea was observed in only one patient, and there were no cases in which gastroenteritis was the source of bacteremia. Except in one case, almost all β-lactams, such as ampicillin, were susceptible. The 30-day and 90-day overall mortality rates were 8.6% and 17.2%, respectively, with only two infection-related deaths occurring within 30 days. Most patients die of cancer progression after successful E. tarda bacteremia (ETB) treatment.
Conclusion
Biliary tract infections are common in ETB cases, whereas gastroenteritis may be an atypical cause of bacteremia. This study shows ETB to have a better prognosis than in previous reports, possibly because adequate source control procedures were performed at our institution. ETB may occur in patients with unfavorable underlying conditions, such as advanced cancer.
Attitudes of European students towards family decision-making and the harmonisation of consent to deceased organ donation: A comparative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Molina-Pérez Alberto , Werner-Felmayer Gabriele , Assche Kristof Van , Jensen Anja M.B. , Delgado Janet , Flatscher-Thöni Magdalena , Hannikainen Ivar R. , Rodriguez-Arias David , Schicktanz Silke , Wöhlke Sabine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: European countries are increasingly harmonising their organ donation and transplantation policies. Although a growing number of nations are moving to presumed consent, no attempts have been made to harmonise policies on individual consent and the role of the family in the decision-making process. Little is known about public awareness and attitudes towards the role of the family in their own country and European harmonisation on these issues.Methods: Using LimeSurvey© software, we conducted a comparative cross-sectional international survey of 2,193 university students of health sciences and humanities/social sciences from Austria (339), Belgium (439), Denmark (230), Germany (424), Greece (159), Romania (190), Slovenia (190) and Spain (222). To maximise demographic balance across national samples, we applied inverse-probability-of-selection weights based on age and gender.Results: Participants from opt-in countries may have a better awareness of the family’s legal role than those from opt-out countries. Most respondents opposed the family veto, but they were more ambivalent towards its role as a surrogate decision-maker. Although a majority were satisfied with the family’s legal role, those unsatisfied preferred to limit family involvement. Overall, participants were opposed to the idea of national sovereignty over consent policies. They favoured opt-out policy harmonisation and were divided over opt-in. Their views on harmonisation of family involvement were consistent with their personal preferences.Conclusions: There is overall division on whether families should have a surrogate role, and substantial opposition to granting them full authority. If European countries were to harmonise their policies on consent for organ donation, an opt-out system that grants families a surrogate decision-making role would enjoy the widest public support.
Post-earthquake damage classification and assessment: Case study of the residential buildings after the Mw = 5 earthquake in Mila city, Northeast Algeria on August 7, 2020
Authors: Mouloud Hamidatou , Chaker Amar , Nassim Hallal , Lebdioui Saad , Rodrigues Hugo , Agius Matthew R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
On August 7th, 2020, a magnitude Mw = 5.0 earthquake shook 5 km north of Mila city center, northeast of Algeria, causing substantial damage directly to structures, and indirectly from induced impacts of landslides and rock falls, ultimately disrupt to everyday civilian life. Given the recent significant seismic occurrences in the region, a detailed and comprehensive examination and assessment of post-earthquake damage is critical to Algeria. This is primarily because masonry, concrete, and colonial-era structures are sensitive to horizontal motions caused by seismic waves, and because masonry and concrete structures constitute a substantial portion of today’s Algeria's build environment. We present a post-earthquake investigation for the Mila earthquake, starting from the earthquake source, and a catalogue of buildings type, damage categorization, and failure patterns of residential structures in Mila's historic old town, where colonial-era brick buildings prevail. We find that structures that represent notable architectural achievements were severely damaged as a result of the earthquake. Data acquired during the immediate post-earthquake analysis was also evaluated and discussed. The graphical representations of the damages are detailed and complemented by photos. This seismic event has shown the fragility of Algeria's building stock, which must be addressed properly in future years. This study reports on an overall estimate of a residential buildings in Mila's lower city, as well as an evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of three neighborhood towns (El-Kherba, Grareme-Gouga, and Azzeba). A generic database for graphical surveys and geometric research was developed and implemented making it possible to evaluate the shear strength on-site. The broad observations, collated data, and consequences were then loaded into the 3Muri structural verification program. Nonlinear static analysis was conducted to analyze probable failure paths and compare the real damage to the software results.
Self-report of mental health distress among pregnant and parenting adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi
Authors: Chamdimba Elita , Munthali Alister , Kabiru Caroline W , Thakwalakwa Chrissie , Ushie Boniface Ayanbekongshie , Ajayi Anthony Idowu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective: Few studies have examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among young people in sub-Saharan Africa and particularly pregnant and parenting adolescents exposed to multiple stressors. Our study addresses this gap by examining self-report of mental health challenges among pregnant and parenting adolescent girls during the pandemic. Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional survey involving 666 girls aged 13-19 in Blantyre district, southern Malawi, between March and May 2021. We recruited eligible respondents from households in 66 randomly selected rural (26) and urban (40) enumeration areas. Mental distress was assessed using nine symptoms including worry, restlessness, fear, anxiety, sadness, loneliness, frustration, fear, stress, and boredom. Girls were asked whether they experienced more of these symptoms after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Any girl experiencing one of these symptoms was considered to have experienced mental distress. Bivariate and multivariable regression models were used to examine correlates of mental distress. Findings: Girls’ median age was 18 years with a range of 13-19 years. Most girls (68.3%) reported having experienced somewhat more or much more mental distress, with 17.6% indicating all nine symptoms. In the adjusted model, pregnant and parenting girls aged 19 were more likely to report having experienced more mental distress (OR=1.79; 95% CI 1.15 – 2.77) during the pandemic compared to those aged 13-17 years. Similarly, girls who had ever worked had a higher likelihood of experiencing more mental distress (AOR:1.65; 95% CI 1.12 – 2.41) than before the pandemic. On the contrary, perceived neighborhood safety was protective against mental distress (OR=0.81 95% CI 0.69 – 0.95 p<0.01). Conclusion: Pregnant and parenting adolescent girls' mental health was adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, thereby exacerbating their vulnerabilities and increasing risk of poor mental health. Our findings could inform interventions targeting adolescents’ mental health during pandemics.
A Five-port Integrated Planar Ultra Wideband and Narrowband Antennas System Using Excitation Switching Reconfigurable Technique for Cognitive Radio Applications
Authors: Tadesse Abdulaziz Dessalew , ACHARYA OM PRAKASH , Sahu Sudhakar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work presents an integrated planar five-element antennas system for cognitive radio (CR) applications. The proposed system is composed a ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for sensing the radio spectrum and four different narrowband (NB) antennas for conducting the communication tasks. The overall antenna system is printed on FR-4 substrate of 50 mm × 50 mm × 1.6 mm dimension. The UWB antenna-coupled at port 5 (P5) is designed for sensing the 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz un-licensed UWB band. The first NB antenna attached to port 1(P1) covers 5 GHz to 11.4 GHz wideband frequency, whereas the paired NB antennas located at port 2 and port 3 (P2 & P3) consists of two similar antennas to achieve MIMO operation and provides 3.05 GHz to 3.75 GHz and 4.9 GHz to 6.1 GHz dual-band operation.The last NB antenna accessible at port 4 (P4) operates in dual-band frequencies of 3.7 GHz to 4.92 GHz and 8.3 GHz to 11.3 GHz. These attained resonant bands cover applications, notably Wi-MAX 3.5 GHz, Upper WLAN, sub 6 GHz 5G, and X-bands in the full UWB spectrum.The minimum isolation among all UWB and NB antennas is 16 dB over the working bands. The MIMO performances of the port 2 and port 3 antenna pairs have been computed considering the envelope correlation coefficient and mean effective gain, and found within their practical limits. The measured results are validated and show a good matching with the simulated ones.The low profile and planar features of the suggested antenna make it a possible choice to be assimilated within small wireless devices applicable in CR communication.
A novel approach to Manufacture a Micro-Structured Surface Plasmon Resonance Multiparameter Sensor based on Inkjet 3D Printing for Simultaneous Measurements of Refractive Index and Temperature
Authors: Saitta Lorena , Arcadio Francesco , Celano Giovanni , Cennamo Nunzio , Zeni Luigi , Tosto Claudio , Cicala Gianluca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this work, a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) multiparameter sensor for simultaneous determination of refractive index and temperature was manufactured through a novel and low-cost approach. A polymer planar optical structure was realized via inkjet 3D printing, by using photo-curable resins having tailored refractive index for device’s core and cladding, respectively. The multiparameter sensor was fully designed, manufactured, and experimentally tested to check the numerical analyses run on a preliminary phase. In such a way, a temperature resolution equal to about 0.5°C and a refractive index resolution equal to about 2 x 10^-4 RIU were obtained. Next, even a quality control analysis of the 3D printed surface was carried out by following a novel approach that relies on the profile monitoring technique, with the aim to evaluate the suitability of the design and the geometric accuracy control. In addition, thanks to the cost analysis performed through a properly model, it was proved that the multiparameter sensor designed, manufactured and tested satisfies the low – cost requirements, being the estimated cost ~ 23 €, which is an absolutely competitive cost if compared with other traditional sensors. In the end, even the performance of the sensor in terms of bulk sensitivity (equal to about 900 nm/RIU) resulted to be higher than similar devices already presented in the state – of – the – art, thus proving the validity of the developed SPR multiparameter sensor both in economic and performance terms.
Determining the preferred attachment site of tick species endemic to New York State and the influence of pathogen infection on body-segment selection in the deer tick, Ixodes scapularis
Authors: Hart Charles , Schad Laura A. , Bhaskar Jahnavi Reddy , Reynolds Erin S. , Morley Christopher P. , Thangamani Saravanan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ticks transmit several arthropod-borne pathogens in New York state. The primary human-biting ticks in this region are Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum, and Dermacentor variabilis. Tick body-segment preference varies depending on tick and host species, with the human bite-site located on the head or lower extremities and abdomen. A community tick submission system was used to acquire information about bite-site location prior to pathogen testing to understand species and life stage-specific body-segment preferences. This identified species-specific preferences for location, with D. variabilis preferentially biting the head and neck and A. americanum preferring the thighs, groin, and abdomen. Ixodes scapularis was found across the body, although it showed a significant life stage difference with adults preferring the head, midsection, and groin while nymphs/larvae preferred the extremities. Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi related to a significant change in attachment site. This provides an assessment of which body segments ticks of the most common species in New York are likely to be found. This can be applied to tick protection or clinically to inform the search for biting ticks or cutaneous signs of tick-borne illness such as erythema migrans or eschar.
Using Proton Pump Inhibitors Increases the Risk of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Xinlong , Fan Qigang , Yu Haichuan , Jiang Wenkai , Zhou Wence 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: More and more studies are focusing on the adverse effects and damage caused by PPI abuse, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing whether the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) leads to liver-biliary-pancreatic cancer.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched until July 1, 2022, 24 studies (16 case-control and 8 cohort studies; 274, 0958 individuals) included in this study. Pooled Odd Ratios (ORs) were used for random effect models. Sensitivity analysis and dose-response analysis, subgroup analysis were all conducted.Results: The aggregate OR of the meta-analysis was 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-2.22, P = 0.01) and heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%, P < 0.001) was substantial. According to stratified subgroup analyses, the incidence of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer was associated, expect for study design, study quality and region. Risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer is highest when people is treated with normal doses of PPI. The risks decrease and become insignificant when the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) increases.Conclusion: The use of PPI may be associated with an increased risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. Hence, caution is needed when using PPIs among patients with a high risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer.
contact-free palpation of human skin by virtue of surface waves: viscoelasticity assessment of tumoral skin
Authors: Bergheau ALEXANDRE , Perrot Jean-Luc , Vargiolu Roberto , Zahouani Hassan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ensuing pilot investigation sheds new light on characterizing tumoral and non-tumoral human skin mechanical properties that will not only assist the dermatologist’s diagnosis but also could constitute the creation of an Artificial Intelligence database for upcoming research. A modern, non-invasive, and contact-free methodology – UNDERSKIN® – was developed, and hinges upon Fourier transform computations that permit the analysis of surface wave dispersion with a specific skin inversion model and viscoelastic model. It yields a detailed look at how particle movements of the medium propagate throughout its near sub-surface, hence a novel knowledge of the mechanical responses of skin tumors. The research results display the tumors’ viscoelastic responses alongside their respective healthy skin outcomes for each skin layer as well as the dermatologist’s touch analysis. Although dermatologists are capable of sensing and having a fair overall assessment of what they are palpating, they are unable heretofore to quantify it and inform where the firmness or softness derives from, which it is necessary to be acquainted with so as to perform an accurate diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, future surgery, and teledermatology.