bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspective: multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Albert , Almeida Diogo B , Padilha Lazaro A , Cundiff Steven T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have emerged as an exciting material platform for optoelectronic applications due to their combination of facile synthesis routes, quantum size effects, and exceptional optical properties among other favorable characteristics. Given the focus on their optoelectronic properties, spectroscopic characterization of PNCs is crucial to rational design of their structure and device implementation. In this Perspective, we discuss how multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (MDCS) can resolve exciton dynamics and circumvent inhomogeneous broadening to reveal underlying homogeneous spectral lineshapes. We highlight recent applications of MDCS to PNCs in the literature, and suggest compelling problems concerning their microscopic physics to be addressed by MDCS in the future.
Effects of polarized-induced doping and graded composition in an advanced multiple quantum well InGaN/GaN UV-LED for enhanced light technology
Authors: Das Samadrita , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Talukdar Fazal Ahmed , Velpula Ravi Teja , Jain Barsha , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung , Crupi Giovanni 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a light-emitting diode in the ultra-violet range (UV-LED) with multiple-quantum wells (MQWs) of InGaN/GaN is designed and analyzed through Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. The polarization effects in III-nitride heterojunction and the effects of graded composition in the electron blocking layer (EBL) are exploited to enhance the performance of the proposed UV-LED. It is observed that the effect of graded composition in the EBL helps to enhance the electrical and optical performance of the LED, thereby enabling the achievement of some promising results. The simulation-based results demonstrated that superior internal efficiency and an inferior leakage current are achieved by using a graded Al composition in the EBL rather than a uniform composition. The reported results also confirm the remarkable improvement of the light output power by 17% at ∼100 mA when using the graded composition and also show a reduction in series resistance leading to more current. Graded Al composition in the EBL results in the enhancement of electroluminescence spectra (i.e., an increase in the peak of the spectral density).
Philosophy of Mind: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Montero Barbara Gail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Highlighting key philosophical thought experiments, Philosophy of Mind: A Very Short Introduction considers the strengths and weaknesses of physicalism, dualism, and behaviourism and explores the philosophical conundrums associated with sensation, perception, cognition, and emotion. It probes some of the great philosophical questions about the mind: What is the relationship between mind and body? Can science unravel the mystery of consciousness? How can our thoughts represent things in the world? Are computers genuinely intelligent? And it also touches on philosophy of mind’s cross-cultural roots and connections to psychology, neuroscience, and physics.
Atrial fibrillation and acceleration of frailty: findings from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Richard Georgia , O’Halloran Aisling M , Doody Paul , Harbison Joseph , Kenny Rose Anne , Romero-Ortuno Roman 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
both atrial fibrillation (AF) and frailty are increasingly prevalent with age. Cross-sectional studies have suggested a relationship between AF and frailty, but longitudinal data are lacking. We explored if the presence of AF was associated with accelerated progression of frailty over 8 years in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
a longitudinal retrospective case-control study was conducted using data from Waves 1 and 5 of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Participants with electrocardiographically detected AF at Wave 1 were matched to controls without AF (1:2) based on age and gender. Frailty was assessed using both the frailty phenotype (FP) and a 31-item frailty index (FI). Change in cases’ and controls’ FP and FI scores from Waves 1 to 5 were modelled using repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA).

Results
one hundred eighteen TILDA participants with AF at Wave 1 were matched to 236 controls. By FP, participants with AF were not significantly more frail than controls at Wave 1 (P = 0.166) but were at Wave 5 (P = 0.011), and RM-ANOVA suggested that frailty progressed more in participants with AF between Waves 1 and 5 compared with controls (P = 0.033). By FI, participants with AF were significantly more frail at Wave 1 (P &lt; 0.001) and 5 (P = 0.010), and RM-ANOVA did not show a difference in frailty progression between groups (P = 0.955).

Conclusion
AF may drive the development of the FP. The FP is a pre-disability syndrome and hence may be better than the FI as a focus for disability prevention in adults with AF.
Effects of Different Centrifugation Protocols on the Detection of EGFR Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Shin Kyung-Hwa , Lee Sun Min , Park Kongkyoung , Choi Hyunji , Kim In-suk , Yoon Seong Hoon , Oh Seung Hwan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Various preanalytical factors, including the collection tube, storage conditions, and centrifugation, affect the detection results of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). We compared the effect of different centrifugation protocols on the detection of EGFR mutations in cfDNA.

Methods
We analyzed 117 plasma specimens from 110 patients with non–small cell lung cancer using the cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (Roche Diagnostics). We compared the identified EGFR mutations and semiquantitative index values from the 1- and 2-step centrifugation groups and confirmed the clinical impact of differences in the results after further high-speed centrifugation.

Results
We detected EGFR mutations in 44 (37.6%) and 47 (40.2%) samples that were centrifuged once and twice, respectively; the 2 groups showed an 89.7% (105/117) concordance and a strong correlation in their semiquantitative index values (r = 0.929). Among the 12 inconsistent result pairs, 9 samples of 2-step centrifugation (75%) were consistent with the results of a recent tissue biopsy.

Conclusions
Additional high-speed centrifugation has been shown to increase the sensitivity of EGFR mutation detection in a commercial in vitro diagnostic real-time polymerase chain reaction device and is an optimal preanalytical factor for detecting low-allele frequency gene mutations using low concentrations of cfDNA.
Pharmacist involvement in a comprehensive remote monitoring and telemanagement program
Authors: Stulock Rachel , Montgomery James , Parker Marcie , Soric Amanda , Zeleznikar Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the role of the pharmacist in and initial outcomes of a remote monitoring and telemanagement program implemented to proactively provide outreach to high-risk patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Summary
A remote monitoring and telemanagement program was developed at a large, nonprofit, multicenter, academic health system as an innovative way to manage patients at risk for decompensation of their chronic diseases in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The program mobilized an interprofessional workforce including nurses, medical assistants, social workers, virtualists, patient schedulers, and ambulatory care pharmacists. Patient outreach included a combination of telephone calls and digital outreach. The goal was to monitor patients’ health status remotely and assess for early signs of decompensation. Pharmacists conducted telephone outreach to answer patients’ medication questions and address signs and symptoms of worsening chronic conditions. Pharmacists were able to utilize an existing collaborative practice agreement (CPA) to adjust medication therapy and order laboratory tests as needed for safety and efficacy monitoring. Since the program’s inception in April 2020 through January 2021, pharmacists have addressed over 1,600 medication questions or instances of worsening clinical signs and symptoms.

Conclusion
A comprehensive remote monitoring and telemanagement program utilized a multidisciplinary team to monitor high-risk patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists contributed to chronic disease management via the use of a comprehensive CPA, allowing medications to be started, stopped, or adjusted on the basis of patients’ needs, to improve population health management and reduce workload for primary care providers who were addressing new and emerging issues during the pandemic.
Impact of a pharmacist-driven transitions of care clinic for a multisite integrated delivery network
Authors: Parodi Maria , Feeley Brekk , Sanchez Michael 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the impact on readmission rates for CMS core measures (CCM) patients and patients receiving care under the Bundled Payment for Care Improvement (BPCI) Advanced Model resulting from implementing a pharmacist-led transitions of care (TOC) clinic in central Florida.

Methods
These study cohorts consisted of patients in 2 strata (CCM and BPCI), and pre-post comparisons were conducted within each stratum. CCM and BPCI patient stratification was based on diagnoses. Patients referred to the TOC clinic were identified and compared to patients who did not receive TOC clinic services in the prior year. The pharmacist-led TOC clinic services consisted of a postdischarge telephone interview by a pharmacist to identify TOC barriers. Pharmacists in the TOC clinic conducted medication reconciliations, provided education, and completed follow-up telephone visits to mitigate these barriers. The primary outcome was the 30-day readmission rate for CCM patients and 90-day readmission rate for BPCI patients. The secondary outcomes were the numbers and types of interventions performed in the pharmacist-led TOC clinic.

Results
A total of 1,203 patients met the inclusion criteria for the CCM stratum. The CCM post-group had an overall reduction in the rate of 30-day readmission relative to the pre-group (6.25% vs 13.29%, P &lt; 0.0327). A total of 1,416 patients met the inclusion criteria for the BPCI strata. Relative to the BPCI pre-group, the BPCI post-group had an overall reduction in occurrence of 90-day readmission (17.27% vs 25.61%, P &lt; 0.0306). Clinical pharmacists performed 456 interventions in the CCM and BPCI post-groups, with an average of 2 interventions per patient.

Conclusion
A pharmacist-driven TOC clinic was associated with significant reductions in 30-day CCM and 90-day BPCI hospital readmissions.
Orienting to fear under transient focal disruption of the human amygdala
Authors: Jha Ashwani , Diehl Beate , Strange Bryan , Miserocchi Anna , Chowdhury Fahmida , McEvoy Andrew W , Nachev Parashkev 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Responding to threat is under strong survival pressure, promoting the evolution of systems highly optimized for the task. Though the amygdala is implicated in ‘detecting’ threat, its role in the action that immediately follows—‘orienting’—remains unclear. Critical to mounting a targeted response, such early action requires speed, accuracy, and resilience optimally achieved through conserved, parsimonious, dedicated systems, insured against neural loss by a parallelized functional organization. These characteristics tend to conceal the underlying substrate not only from correlative methods but also from focal disruption over time scales long enough for compensatory adaptation to take place.
In a study of six patients with intracranial electrodes temporarily implanted for the clinical evaluation of focal epilepsy, we investigated gaze orienting to fear during focal, transient, unilateral direct electrical disruption of the amygdala. We showed that the amygdala is necessary for rapid gaze shifts towards faces presented in the contralateral hemifield regardless of their emotional expression, establishing its functional lateralization. Behaviourally dissociating the location of presented fear from the direction of the response, we implicated the amygdala not only in detecting contralateral faces, but also in automatically orienting specifically towards fearful ones. This salience-specific role was demonstrated within a drift-diffusion model of action to manifest as an orientation bias towards the location of potential threat. Pixel-wise analysis of target facial morphology revealed scleral exposure as its primary driver, and induced gamma oscillations—obtained from intracranial local field potentials—as its time-locked electrophysiological correlate.
The amygdala is here reconceptualized as a functionally lateralized instrument of early action, reconciling previous conflicting accounts confined to detection, and revealing a neural organisation analogous to the superior colliculus, with which it is phylogenetically kin. Greater clarity on its role has the potential to guide therapeutic resection, still frequently complicated by impairments of cognition and behaviour related to threat, and inform novel focal stimulation techniques for the management of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Deep brain stimulation for parkinson’s disease induces spontaneous cortical hypersynchrony in extended motor and cognitive networks
Authors: Wang Maxwell B , Boring Matthew J , Ward Michael J , Richardson R Mark , Ghuman Avniel Singh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the basal ganglia for Parkinson’s disease remains unclear. Studies have shown that DBS decreases pathological beta hypersynchrony between the basal ganglia and motor cortex. However, little is known about DBS’s effects on long range corticocortical synchronization. Here, we use machine learning combined with graph theory to compare resting-state cortical connectivity between the off and on-stimulation states and to healthy controls. We found that turning DBS on increased high beta and gamma band synchrony (26 to 50 Hz) in a cortical circuit spanning the motor, occipitoparietal, middle temporal, and prefrontal cortices. The synchrony in this network was greater in DBS on relative to both DBS off and controls, with no significant difference between DBS off and controls. Turning DBS on also increased network efficiency and strength and subnetwork modularity relative to both DBS off and controls in the beta and gamma band. Thus, unlike DBS’s subcortical normalization of pathological basal ganglia activity, it introduces greater synchrony relative to healthy controls in cortical circuitry that includes both motor and non-motor systems. This increased high beta/gamma synchronization may reflect compensatory mechanisms related to DBS’s clinical benefits, as well as undesirable non-motor side effects.
Multiscale functional connectome abnormality predicts cognitive outcomes in subcortical ischemic vascular disease
Authors: Liu Mianxin , Wang Yao , Zhang Han , Yang Qing , Shi Feng , Zhou Yan , Shen Dinggang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Subcortical ischemic vascular disease could induce subcortical vascular cognitive impairments (SVCIs), such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), or sometimes no cognitive impairment (NCI). Previous SVCI studies focused on focal structural lesions such as lacunes and microbleeds, while the functional connectivity networks (FCNs) from functional magnetic resonance imaging are drawing increasing attentions. Considering remarkable variations in structural lesion sizes, we expect that seeking abnormalities in the multiscale hierarchy of brain FCNs could be more informative to differentiate SVCI patients with varied outcomes (NCI, aMCI, and naMCI). Driven by this hypothesis, we first build FCNs based on the atlases at multiple spatial scales for group comparisons and found distributed FCN differences across different spatial scales. We then verify that combining multiscale features in a prediction model could improve differentiation accuracy among NCI, aMCI, and naMCI. Furthermore, we propose a graph convolutional network to integrate the naturally emerged multiscale features based on the brain network hierarchy, which significantly outperforms all other competing methods. In addition, the predictive features derived from our method consistently emphasize the limbic network in identifying aMCI across the different scales. The proposed analysis provides a better understanding of SVCI and may benefit its clinical diagnosis.
A direct test of competitive versus cooperative episodic–procedural network dynamics in human memory
Authors: Freedberg Michael V , Reeves Jack A , Fioriti Cynthia M , Murillo Jorge , Voss Joel L , Wassermann Eric M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClassical lesion studies led to a consensus that episodic and procedural memory arises from segregated networks identified with the hippocampus and the caudate nucleus, respectively. Neuroimaging studies, however, show that competitive and cooperative interactions occur between networks during memory tasks. Furthermore, causal experiments to manipulate connectivity between these networks have not been performed in humans. Although nodes common to both networks, such as the precuneus and ventrolateral thalamus, may mediate their interaction, there is no experimental evidence for this. We tested how network-targeted noninvasive brain stimulation affects episodic–procedural network interactions and how these network manipulations affect episodic and procedural memory in healthy young adults. Compared to control (vertex) stimulation, hippocampal network-targeted stimulation increased within-network functional connectivity and hippocampal connectivity with the caudate. It also increased episodic, relative to procedural, memory, and this persisted one week later. The differential effect on episodic versus procedural memory was associated with increased functional connectivity between the caudate, precuneus, and ventrolateral thalamus. These findings provide direct evidence of episodic–procedural network competition, mediated by regions common to both networks. Enhanced hippocampal network connectivity may boost episodic, but decrease procedural, memory by co-opting resources shared between networks.
Frontal eye fields in macaque monkeys: prefrontal and premotor contributions to visually guided saccades
Authors: Lowe Kaleb A , Zinke Wolf , Cosman Joshua D , Schall Jeffrey D 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeuronal spiking was sampled from the frontal eye field (FEF) and from the rostral part of area 6 that reaches to the superior limb of the arcuate sulcus, dorsal to the arcuate spur when present (F2vr) in macaque monkeys performing memory-guided saccades and visually guided saccades for visual search. Neuronal spiking modulation in F2vr resembled that in FEF in many but not all respects. A new consensus clustering algorithm of neuronal modulation patterns revealed that F2vr and FEF contain a greater variety of modulation patterns than previously reported. The areas differ in the proportions of visuomotor neuron types, the proportions of neurons discriminating a target from distractors during visual search, and the consistency of modulation patterns across tasks. However, between F2vr and FEF we found no difference in the magnitude of delay period activity, the timing of the peak discharge rate relative to saccades, or the time of search target selection. The observed similarities and differences between the 2 cortical regions contribute to other work establishing the organization of eye fields in the frontal lobe and may help explain why FEF in monkeys is identified within granular prefrontal area 8 but in humans is identified within agranular premotor area 6.
Individual resting-state alpha peak frequency and within-trial changes in alpha peak frequency both predict visual dual-pulse segregation performance
Authors: Drewes Jan , Muschter Evelyn , Zhu Weina , Melcher David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Although sensory input is continuous, information must be combined over time to guide action and cognition, leading to the proposal of temporal sampling windows. A number of studies have suggested that a 10-Hz sampling window might be involved in the “frame rate” of visual processing. To investigate this, we tested the ability of participants to localize and enumerate 1 or 2 visual flashes presented either at near-threshold or full-contrast intensities, while recording magnetoencephalography. The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between the 2 flashes was varied across trials. Performance in distinguishing between 1 and 2 flashes was linked to the alpha frequency, both at the individual level and trial-by-trial. Participants with a higher resting-state alpha peak frequency showed the greatest improvement in performance as a function of ISI within a 100-ms time window, while those with slower alpha improved more when ISI exceeded 100 ms. On each trial, correct enumeration (1 vs. 2) performance was paired with faster pre-stimulus instantaneous alpha frequency. Our results suggest that visual sampling/processing speed, linked to peak alpha frequency, is both an individual trait and can vary in a state-dependent manner.
Naturalistic Audio-Movies reveal common spatial organization across “visual” cortices of different blind individuals
Authors: Musz Elizabeth , Loiotile Rita , Chen Janice , Bedny Marina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOccipital cortices of different sighted people contain analogous maps of visual information (e.g. foveal vs. peripheral). In congenital blindness, “visual” cortices respond to nonvisual stimuli. Do visual cortices of different blind people represent common informational maps? We leverage naturalistic stimuli and inter-subject pattern similarity analysis to address this question. Blindfolded sighted (n = 22) and congenitally blind (n = 22) participants listened to 6 sound clips (5–7 min each): 3 auditory excerpts from movies; a naturalistic spoken narrative; and matched degraded auditory stimuli (Backwards Speech, scrambled sentences), during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. We compared the spatial activity patterns evoked by each unique 10-s segment of the different auditory excerpts across blind and sighted people. Segments of meaningful naturalistic stimuli produced distinctive activity patterns in frontotemporal networks that were shared across blind and across sighted individuals. In the blind group only, segment-specific, cross-subject patterns emerged in visual cortex, but only for meaningful naturalistic stimuli and not Backwards Speech. Spatial patterns of activity within visual cortices are sensitive to time-varying information in meaningful naturalistic auditory stimuli in a broadly similar manner across blind individuals.