bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of luminescence from Vitamin B2 plate during alpha particle irradiation
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Kataoka Jun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Vitamin B2 (V-B2) is a material that converts shorter-wavelength light such as ultraviolet
(UV) light to longer-wavelength light. However, it is not clear whether longer-wavelength light is
produced by the irradiation of alpha particles. Because UV light such as Cherenkov light is
required to produce longer-wavelength light for V-B2 and alpha particles do not produce Cherenkov
light in a material, no light is expected to be emitted in V-B2 by the irradiation of alpha
particles. However, we irradiated alpha particles to a V-B2 plate and measured the produced light
in the plate. During irradiation of alpha particles, a significant amount of longer-wavelength
light was observed from the V-B2 plate. The luminescence intensity of the V-B2 plate during
irradiation of alpha particles was ∼1/6 of that of the plastic scintillator. The spectrum of
luminescence from the V-B2 plate during this irradiation was the same as that emitted by the
irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light, which possibly indicates UV or shorter-wavelength light
production in the V-B2 plate by the irradiation of alpha particles. This longer-wavelength light
is not attributed to the UV light from the air scintillation by the alpha particles but to the
direct irradiation of alpha particles to the V-B2 plate. From these results, we conclude that the
luminescence of the V-B2 plate was the scintillation by the irradiation of alpha particles, or
other phenomenon that was; UV as well as shorter-wavelength visible light was produced in the V-B2
plate by the irradiation of alpha particles and that the longer-wavelength light was produced from
this light. The UV light was produced from the light generated by the dipole interaction of moving
secondary electrons with V-B2 or binder molecules and then converted to the longer-wavelength
light with a slower decay of the V-B2 in the plate that had high intensity due to the decreased
simultaneity of the light emission.
Pavement resurfacing and supply chains are significant contributors to PM2.5 exposure from road transportation: evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Greer Fiona , Bin Thaneya Ahmad , Apte Joshua S , Horvath Arpad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There are hundreds of millions of kilometers of paved roads and many people live in proximity. Pollution from road transportation is a well-documented problem potentially leading to chronic health impacts. However, research on the raw material production, construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life phases of paved roads, and corresponding supply chains, is generally limited to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. No previous research efforts on the life-cycle stages of pavements and road operation connect pollutant emission inventories to intake of inhaled pollutants and resulting damages to exposed populations. We have developed a first-of-its-kind model quantifying human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) due to emissions from routine pavement resurfacing and vehicle operation. We utilize the Intervention Model Pollution Source-Receptor Matrix to calculate marginal changes in ground-level PM2.5 concentrations and resulting exposure intake from a spatially resolved primary and secondary PM2.5 emission precursors inventory. Under a scenario of annual road-resurfacing practices within the San Francisco Bay Area in California (population: 7.5 million), resurfacing activities, material production and delivery (i.e. cement, concrete, aggregate, asphalt, bitumen), and fuel (i.e. gasoline, diesel) supply chains contribute almost 65% to the annual PM2.5 intake from all the sources included in the study domain (the remaining 35% being due to on-road tailpipe emissions). Exposure damages range from $170 to $190 million (2019 USD). Complete electrification of on-road mobile sources would reduce annual intake by 64%, but a sizable portion would remain from material supply chains, construction activities, and brake and tire wear. Future mitigation policies should be enacted equitably. Results show that people of color experience higher-than-average PM2.5 exposure disparities from the emission sources included in the study, particularly from material production.
Divergent impacts of crop diversity on caloric and economic yield stability
Authors: Driscoll Avery W , Leuthold Sam J , Choi Eunkyoung , Clark Samantha M , Cleveland Daniel M , Dixon Mary , Hsieh Marian , Sitterson Jan , Mueller Nathaniel D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Food security and the agricultural economy are both dependent on the temporal stability of crop yields. To this end, increasing crop diversity has been suggested as a means to stabilize agricultural yields amidst an ongoing decrease in cropping system diversity across the world. Although diversity confers stability in many natural ecosystems, in agricultural systems the relationship between crop diversity and yield stability is not yet well resolved across spatial scales. Here, we leveraged crop area, production, and price data from 1981 to 2020 to assess the relationship between crop diversity and the stability of both economic and caloric yields at the state level within the USA. We found that, after controlling for climatic instability and differences in irrigated area, crop diversity was positively associated with economic yield stability but negatively associated with caloric yield stability. Further, we found that crops with a propensity for increasing economic yield stability but reducing caloric yield stability were often found in the most diverse states. We propose that price responses to changes in production for high-value crops underly the positive relationship between diversity and economic yield stability. In contrast, spatial concentration of calorie-dense crops in low-diversity states contributes to the negative relationship between diversity and caloric yield stability. Our results suggest that the relationship between crop diversity and yield stability is not universal, but instead dependent on the spatial scale in question and the stability metric of interest.
Promoting seasonal prediction capability of the early autumn tropical cyclone formation frequency over the western North Pacific: effect of Arctic sea ice
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wu Zhiwei , Zhu Zhiwei , Jin Rui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Seasonal prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity has been a hot research theme in the past decades. Usually, the tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) provide considerable predictability sources for the western North Pacific (WNP) TC activity. Here, we emphasized that the Chukchi-Beaufort (C-B) and Greenland (GL) sea ice variability is closely linked to the year-to-year variations of the early autumn WNP TC formation frequency (TCF). Observational and numerical evidence proved that the excessive C-B and GL sea ice sustains from August to the following early autumn and triggers the southeastward propagation of the Rossby wave trains originating from the Arctic across Western Eurasia (Okhotsk Sea) to the WNP. The resultant anomalous low pressure over WNP provides suitable environmental conditions for TC formation―the enhancement of the lower-level relative vorticity and water moisture, and the decrease of vertical wind shear. For the reduced sea ice, an opposite situation tends to emerge. The persistent combined sea ice signal makes it a physically meaningful precursor for TCF prediction. The cross-validated hindcast and independent forecast based on both the tropical SST and the Arctic sea ice precursors present that the TCF index is predicted with much higher correlation coefficients than those of the empirical models with only the tropical SST predictors. The results demonstrate that the Arctic sea ice truly promotes the seasonal prediction capability of the WNP TCF.
Varying contributions of greenhouse gases, aerosols and natural forcings to Arctic land surface air temperature changes
Authors: Yu Linfei , Leng Guoyong , Tang Qiuhong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Arctic has warmed rapidly over the past century, with widespread negative impacts on local and surrounding environments. Previous studies have estimated the overall effects of individual groups of anthropogenic forcing agents on Arctic warming. However, the spatial patterns and temporal variabilities of the separate contributions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), natural forcing agents (NATs; solar radiation and volcanic activity combined) and other anthropogenic (OANT) forcing agents (which are dominated by aerosols) on Arctic land surface air temperatures remain underexamined. Here, we use CMIP6 (the Sixth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) models to quantify the separate contributions of GHGs, NATs and OANT forcing agents to Arctic land surface air temperature changes and analyze their spatial and temporal change patterns from 1915 to 2014. The results show that GHGs alone have warmed the Arctic by 2.72 °C/century (90% confidence interval: 1.42 °C–4.03 °C), 61.8% of which has been offset by OANT agents. The GHG-induced warming peaks are found in Ellesmere Island, Severnaya Zemlya and Svalbard (above 4 °C/century), while the largest cooling effects (above −2 °C/century) induced by OANT agents occurred in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Severnaya Zemlya. A further temporal evolution analysis indicates that the effects of GHGs and OANT forcings have been gradually and robustly detected over time; this increases our confidence in projecting future Arctic climate changes via CMIP6 models.
Tropical cyclone over the western Pacific triggers the record-breaking ‘21/7’ extreme rainfall in Henan, central-eastern China
Authors: Yu Yang , Gao Tao , Xie Lian , Zhang Rong-Hua , Zhang Wei , Xu Hongxiong , Cao Fuqiang , Chen Bin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
During 19–21 July 2021, Henan located in central-eastern China experienced torrential rainfall that caused devastating floods and claimed more than 300 casualties. It remains unclear whether and to what extent this extreme precipitation event is contributed by Typhoon In-Fa (TIF). Here we quantify the contribution of TIF to this record-breaking ‘21/7’ rainfall using an air–sea coupled model with ensemble simulations. The modeling results show that the northwestward moisture transport along the confluence front of TIF and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contribute mostly to the precipitation extremes across Henan. A sensitivity experiment that removes the TIF effect confirms TIF’s role in shaping extreme rainfall. Specifically, without TIF, WPSH shifts the moisture transport northeastward and causes a heavy rainband over the Korean Peninsula, with much less precipitation over Henan. The water vapor budget over Henan suggests that the TIF-induced moisture advection is nine times greater than the local moisture supply and is effectively converted into clouds therein to reinforce precipitation extremes. The contribution of TIF to the ‘21/7’ Henan torrential rainfall on average could be as large as 42% by comparing the differences between simulated results with and without TIF’s effects.
Radius of gyration, contraction factors, and subdivisions of topological polymers
Authors: Cantarella Jason , Deguchi Tetsuo , Shonkwiler Clayton , Uehara Erica 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We consider the topologically constrained random walk model for topological polymers. In this model, the polymer forms an arbitrary graph whose edges are selected from an appropriate multivariate Gaussian which takes into account the constraints imposed by the graph type. We recover the result that the expected radius of gyration can be given exactly in terms of the Kirchhoff index of the graph. We then consider the expected radius of gyration of a topological polymer whose edges are subdivided into n pieces. We prove that the contraction factor of a subdivided polymer approaches a limit as the number of subdivisions increases, and compute the limit exactly in terms of the degree-Kirchhoff index of the original graph. This limit corresponds to the thermodynamic limit in statistical mechanics and is fundamental in the physics of topological polymers. Furthermore, these asymptotic contraction factors are shown to fit well with molecular dynamics simulations, which should be useful for predicting the g-factors of topological polymer models with excluded volume.
Noise effects on Padé approximants and conformal maps*
Authors: Costin Ovidiu , Dunne Gerald V , Meynig Max 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe analyze the properties of Padé and conformal map approximants for functions with branch points, in the situation where the expansion coefficients are only known with finite precision or are subject to noise. We prove that there is a universal scaling relation between the strength of the noise and the expansion order at which Padé or the conformal map breaks down. We illustrate this behavior with some physically relevant model test functions and with two non-trivial physical examples where the relevant Riemann surface has complicated structure.
Study of an asymmetry tunnel FET biosensor using junctionless heterostructure and dual material gate
Authors: Xie Haiwu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In recent years, label-free sensors have been studied extensively for biomolecule detections. Label-free biosensors based on MOSFETs could achieve high detection sensitivity, the subthreshold swing of such sensors cannot break the limitation of 60 mV Dec−1 due to the physical mechanism of thermal electron emission. However, subthreshold swing less than 60 mV Dec−1 can be achieved in biosensors based on tunnel FETs working in band to band tunneling (BTBT) mode. Usually, label-free biosensors have a nanogap under the gate electrode both in MOSFET and tunnel FET (TFET), which can electrically sense the characteristics of biomolecules by dielectric constant modulation effect. In this article, we propose a novel nanogap embedded and dielectric modulated asymmetry tunnel FET biosensor with junctionless heterostructure and dual material gate, where different biomolecules can be detected effectively by adjusting the workfunctions for gate electrodes. Influences of tunnel gate, auxiliary gate and back gate workfunctions on sensitivities are explored. In addition, device-level gate effects are simulated by considering neutral and charged biomolecules. The influence of different dielectric constant at fixed charge density is also studied. Simulation results show that asymmetry dual material gate junctionless heterostructure tunnel FET (ADMG-HJLTFET) biosensor can provide higher switch ratio and higher sensitivity.
DAESTB: inferring associations of small molecule–miRNA via a scalable tree boosting model based on deep autoencoder
Authors: Peng Li , Tu Yuan , Huang Li , Li Yang , Fu Xiangzheng , Chen Xiang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to a variety of human diseases, not only regulating gene expression, but also having an important role in human life activities and being viable targets of small molecule drugs for disease treatment. Current computational techniques to predict the potential associations between small molecule and miRNA are not that accurate. Here, we proposed a new computational method based on a deep autoencoder and a scalable tree boosting model (DAESTB), to predict associations between small molecule and miRNA. First, we constructed a high-dimensional feature matrix by integrating small molecule–small molecule similarity, miRNA–miRNA similarity and known small molecule–miRNA associations. Second, we reduced feature dimensionality on the integrated matrix using a deep autoencoder to obtain the potential feature representation of each small molecule–miRNA pair. Finally, a scalable tree boosting model is used to predict small molecule and miRNA potential associations. The experiments on two datasets demonstrated the superiority of DAESTB over various state-of-the-art methods. DAESTB achieved the best AUC value. Furthermore, in three case studies, a large number of predicted associations by DAESTB are confirmed with the public accessed literature. We envision that DAESTB could serve as a useful biological model for predicting potential small molecule–miRNA associations.
Modulation effect of low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation on REM and NREM sleep
Authors: Wang Teng , Wang Xingran , Tian Yanfei , Gang Wei , Li Xiaoli , Yan Jiaqing , Yuan Yi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that modulating neural activity can affect rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) can effectively modulate neural activity. However, the modulation effect of TUS on REM and NREM sleep is still unclear. In this study, we used ultrasound to stimulate motor cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and found the following: (i) In healthy mice, TUS increased the NREM sleep ratio and decreased the REM sleep ratio, and altered the relative power and sample entropy of the delta band and spindle in NREM sleep and that of the theta and gamma bands in REM sleep. (ii) In sleep-deprived mice, TUS decreased the ratio of REM sleep or the relative power of the theta band during REM sleep. (iii) In sleep-disordered Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice, TUS increased the total sleep time and the ratio of NREM sleep and modulated the relative power and the sample entropy of the delta and spindle bands during NREM and that of the theta band during REM sleep. These results demonstrated that TUS can effectively modulate REM and NREM sleep and that modulation effect depends on the sleep state of the samples, and can improve sleep in sleep-disordered AD mice.
Marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and prevention of cardiovascular disease: update on the randomized trial evidence
Authors: Bassuk Shari S , Manson JoAnn E ,   for the VITAL Research Group
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo date, the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is the only large-scale randomized trial of marine omega-3 fatty acid (n−3 FA) supplementation for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in a general population unselected for elevated cardiovascular risk. We review the findings of VITAL, as well as results from recent secondary prevention trials and updated meta-analyses of n−3 FA trials in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD. In VITAL, a nationwide sample of 25 871 US adults aged 50 and older, including 5106 African Americans, were randomized in a 2 × 2 factorial design to n−3 FAs (1 g/day; 1.2:1 ratio of eicosapentaenoic to docosahexaenoic acid) and vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) for a median of 5.3 years. Compared with an olive oil placebo, the n−3 FA intervention did not significantly reduce the primary endpoint of major CVD events [composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and CVD mortality; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.80–1.06)] but did significantly reduce total MI [HR = 0.72 (0.59–0.90)], percutaneous coronary intervention [HR = 0.78 (0.63–0.95)], fatal MI [HR = 0.50 (0.26–0.97)], and recurrent (but not first) hospitalization for heart failure [HR = 0.86 (0.74–0.998)]. The intervention neither decreased nor increased risk of atrial fibrillation. African Americans derived the greatest treatment benefit for MI and for recurrent hospitalization for heart failure (P interaction &lt; 0.05 for both outcomes). Meta-analyses that include VITAL and high-risk or secondary prevention n−3 FA trials show coronary, but generally not stroke, risk reduction. More research is needed to determine which individuals may be most likely to derive net benefit. (VITAL clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01169259).
The Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Coeliac Disease and Coeliac Autoimmunity in Children and Adults: A Nationwide Study from the epi-IIRN
Authors: Kori Michal , Zamir Yonatan , Yermiyahu Sami Or , Ainbinder Inessa , Daichman Svetlana , Pinto Gavriel David , Loewenberg Weisband Yiska , Greenfeld Shira , Kariv Revital , Lederman Natan , Matz Eran , Shamir Raanan , Dotan Iris , Turner Dan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsGiven the paucity of population-based data on the association between inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], coeliac disease [CeD], and coeliac autoimmunity [CeA] we aimed to study the associations in a nationwide study.MethodsUsing health administrative data for all four health maintenance organisations in Israel, covering 98% of the population, we explored the prevalence of CeD in children and adults with IBD versus non-IBD matched controls. CeD was defined by three ICD-9 codes and CeA by positivity for tissue transglutaminase antibodies.ResultsIn total, 34 375 IBD patients (56% Crohn’s disease [CD] and 44% ulcerative colitis [UC]) were compared with 93 603 non-IBD controls. Among IBD patients, 319 [0.93%] had CeD versus 294 [0.31%] non-IBD controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.54-3.48; p &lt;0.001). CeA was identified in 575 [1.67%] IBD patients vs 158 [0.17%] controls [OR = 10.06, 95% CI 8.43-12; p &lt;0.001]. The prevalence of CeD was higher in paediatric-onset IBD (87/5243 [1.66%]) than adult-onset IBD (232/29 132 [0.79%]; p &lt;0.001). CD patients had a higher prevalence of CeD (229/19 264 [1.19%]) than UC patients (90/15 111 [0.56%]; OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.57-2.56; p &lt;0.001). The diagnosis of CeD preceded the diagnosis of IBD in 241/319 cases [76%]. The time to treatment escalation was shorter in patients with both IBD and CeD than in patients with IBD without CeD [p = 0.017].ConclusionCeD and CeA are more prevalent in IBD patients, especially in paediatric-onset IBD and in CD. The diagnosis of CeD usually precedes that of IBD. Having CeD is associated with more intensified treatment for IBD.
Does forming a nuclear family increase religiosity? Longitudinal evidence from the British Household Panel Survey
Authors: Blekesaune Morten , Skirbekk Vegard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study investigates how far the nuclear family—in terms of entering cohabitation and marriage and having a first and second child—affects religious salience, religious attendance, and activity in religious organizations. Previous research has shown that religious individuals are more likely to marry, and have higher fertility, than non-religious individuals. Less is known about how far the nuclear family also affects religiosity. This study presents longitudinal evidence on how religious factors change within the life-course of individuals after entering cohabitation or marriage and after having a first or second child in up to 14 waves of the British Household Panel Survey collected between 1991 and 2009. The comparison between longitudinal and cross-sectional results indicates how far religious factors affect family formation processes. All religious factors investigated (salience, attendance, activity) increased when people became parents, as well as when they married, but not when they started to cohabit. Most of these effects are long-lasting and they hold across age, gender and cohort groups.
The Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre up close
Authors: Hamilton Tom 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This review article discusses how Jérémie Foa’s prize-winning book Tous ceux qui tombent: visages de la Saint-Barthélemy (2021) gives a history of the Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre up close. It examines how Foa takes a fresh approach to the Massacre, one that ‘turns its back on the Louvre, sets aside the monarch as well as the Guise and their intrigues, and ignores Coligny and the Queen Mother’. Instead, it evaluates Foa’s powerful interpretation of Saint Bartholomew’s Day as a neighbourhood massacre (‘massacre de proximité’), an act of extreme violence committed by killers who often lived on the same road as their victims.