bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Releasing Potentials of Amino Acids and Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids from Highly Calcareous Soils
Authors: Brindhavani P. M. , Chitdeshwari T. , Selvi D. , Sivakumar U. , Jeyakumar P. 
Published: April 2022

Aims: The present study was conducted to investigate the potentials of amino acids and low molecular weight organic acids, two major components of plant root exudates on phosphorus release from highly calcareous soils.
Study Design: Factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was used.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India between 21st and 22nd of December 2020.
Methodology: An incubation experiment was conducted with two amino acids (glycine and lysine) and four low molecular weight organic acids (citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and acetic acid) at seven different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 & 100 mM) for assessing their potentials of phosphorus release from highly calcareous soils (>15% free CaCO3). The soils were incubated for a time interval of 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 960 & 1440 minutes. Available Phosphorus status in the soils treated with both acids were analyzed after the expiry of each incubation time.
Results: Organic acids had higher impact on phosphorus release than amino acids. Kinetic data obtained from the experiment were adequately described by Simple elovich (r2 ≥ 0.90, P < .001) and Power function (r2 ≥ 0.80, P < .001) models for both acids. Glycine among amino acids and citric acid among low molecular weight organic acids were highly effective in releasing phosphorus from highly calcareous soils.
Conclusion: The experiment concludes that, incubating the highly calcareous soils with 100 mM citric acid for 1440 minutes increased the kinetics of phosphorus release. The Simple elovich model was the best fitted model to explain the phosphorus release from calcareous soils as influenced by amino acids and low molecular weight organic acids.
Age and Gleason's Score in Prostate Cancer among Southern Nigerians: Is there Any Correlation?
Authors: Raphael John E. , Abhulimen Victor 
Published: April 2022

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality are associated with age and African descent. African men are more likely to have aggressive disease, present late with complications and die from prostate cancer. Age is also an independent factor for consideration in the management of patients with PCa. The Gleason score is used both for risk classification, treatment stratification and prognostic purposes.
Objective: To determine the presence of a correlation between age and Gleason score in patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study was carried out on patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer from August 2012 to July 2021. Their case records were retrieved, and the patient's age and Gleason grade were collated. Data collected were then analyzed using SPSS version 20. The data were collated using Microsoft excel 2016.
Results: There were 352 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer with a mean age of 68.88years±9.75, ranging from 48years to 117years. The modal age range was the 60-69year group. The commonest PCa grade is Gleason 8/Grade group 4 {27.8% (98)}, followed by Gleason 9/Grade group 5 {19.9% (70)} as shown in Fig. 2. The Gleason score was associated with age as indicated in Table 2 (p=0.001). However, Pearson's correlation coefficient did not establish a statistically significant relationship (r=0.045; p=0.401). The high-risk Gleason's 8-10, Grade group 4 and 5, was the most frequent among all the age groups. The low Gleason score cancers were commonest in the 40-49year age group.
Conclusion: There was an association between age and Gleason's score, even though it was not statistically significant. Gleason 8-10 /Grade groups 4 and 5 PCa was associated with older patients. It was also commonest among patients 80years and above.
Associations of Socioeconomic Status With Disease Progression in African Americans With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Astrike‐Davis Emma M. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Louis Bridges S. , Jonas Beth L. , Callahan Leigh F. 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveIn prior cross‐sectional analyses of African American patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), measures of socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with clinical joint damage and poorer patient‐reported outcome scores. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SES measures are associated with disease progression in a cohort of African American patients with early RA (<2 years duration).MethodsWe analyzed baseline SES and change in 60‐month clinical radiographs and patient‐reported outcomes data (n = 101 and 177, respectively) in individuals with early RA. SES measures were educational attainment, occupation, homeownership, household income, and block group poverty. Outcomes were based on radiographs (total erosion and joint space narrowing [JSN] scores on hands and feet) and patient‐reported outcomes (pain, fatigue, disability, and learned helplessness). We used logistic regression with mixed effects accounting for study site to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsBoth low education and occupation status were associated with worsening pain (adjusted OR 5.86 [95% CI 3.05–11.3] and adjusted OR 2.55 [95% CI 1.54–4.21], respectively). Patients without a high‐school diploma were more likely to have worsened reports of learned helplessness (OR 1.92 [95% CI 1.37–2.67]). Community measures of SES were also significantly associated with patient‐reported outcomes score changes. Patients living in areas of block group poverty ≥20% were twice as likely to experience increased disability scores over 60 months of disease duration (OR 1.95 [95% CI 1.17–3.25]). We found no association between SES measures and erosion or JSN score progression.ConclusionLow educational attainment and nonprofessional occupation status were associated with increased worsening of patient‐reported outcomes. However, there were no corresponding increases in radiographically assessed erosion or JSN score progression.
Countering Voltage Decay, Redox Sluggishness, and Calendering Incompatibility by Near‐Zero‐Strain Interphase in Lithium‐Rich, Manganese‐Based Layered Oxide Electrodes
Authors: He Weitao , Zhang Chunxiao , Wang Meiyu , Wei Bo , Zhu Yuelei , Wu Jianghua , Liang Chaoping , Chen Libao , Wang Peng , Wei Weifeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLithium‐rich, manganese‐based layered oxides are considered one of the most valuable cathode materials for the next generation of high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for their high specific capacity and low cost. However, their practical implementation in LIBs is hindered by the rapid voltage/capacity decay on cycling and the long‐standing contradictions between redox kinetics and volumetric energy density due to their poor calendaring compatibility. Herein, a coherent near‐zero‐strain interphase is constructed on the grain boundaries of cathode secondary particles by infusing LiAlO2 material through the reactive infiltration method (RIM). Theoretical calculations, multi‐scale characterizations, and electrochemical tests show that this coherent interphase with near‐zero‐strain feature upon electrochemical (de)lithiation inhibits volume changes of the lattice and structural degradation of cathode primary particles during cycling. More importantly, the ionically conductive LiAlO2 nanolayer infiltrated in the grain boundaries of cathode secondary particles can not only promote the rapid Li+ migration and act as a barrier to protect the material from the corrosion of the electrolyte but also effectively improve the mechanical strength of the cathode secondary particles. Collectedly, the LiAlO2‐infiltrated cathode materials display superior electrochemical cyclability, enhanced rate capability, and industrial calendaring performance, marking a significant step toward commercial implementation.
Dynamic Reversible Evolution of Solid Electrolyte Interface in Nonflammable Triethyl Phosphate Electrolyte Enabling Safe and Stable Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ji Shunping , Li Jielei , Li Junfeng , Song Chunyan , Wang Shuo , Wang Kexuan , Hui Kwan San , Zha Chenyang , Zheng Yunshan , Dinh Duc Anh , Chen Shi , Zhang Jintao , Mai Wenjie , Tang Zikang , Shao Zongping , Hui Kwun Nam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are a favorable alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for the large‐scale electrochemical storage devices because of the high natural abundance of potassium resources. However, conventional PIB electrodes usually exhibit low actual capacities and poor cyclic stability due to the large radius of potassium ions (1.39 Å). In addition, the high reactivity of potassium metal raises serious safety concerns. These characteristics seriously inhibit the practical use of PIB electrodes. Here, zinc phosphide composites are rationally designed as PIB anodes for operation in a nonflammable triethyl phosphate (TEP) electrolyte to solve the above‐mentioned issues. The optimized zinc phosphide composite with 20 wt% zinc phosphate presents a high specific capacity (571.1 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and excellent cycling performance (484.9 mA h g−1 with the capacity retention of 94.5% after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1) in the KFSI‐TEP electrolyte. XPS depth profile analysis shows that the improved cycling stability of the composite is closely related to the reversible dynamic evolutions and conversions of the sulfur‐containing species in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the charge/discharge process. This dynamic reversible SEI concept may provide a new strategy for the design of superior electrodes for PIBs.
Mechanical Motion and Modulation of Thermal‐Actuation Properties in a Robust Organic Molecular Crystal Actuator
Authors: Lin Jiawei , Guo Zhenxiao , Zhang Keke , Zhao Pei , Wu Songgu , Xu Jun , Gong Junbo , Bao Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDynamic molecular crystals are thought to be an emerging functional material with enormous tunability in physicochemical properties. Here, a smart crystal, 6‐Chloronicotinic acid (6‐CNA), is reported, responding to heat stimulus by bending, splitting‐to‐self‐healing, and jumping, induced thermally by a reversible single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal phase transition. This phase transition proceeds by a well‐organized migration of the habit plane, which is reproducible after more than twenty phase transition cycles. The temperature function introduced externally can realize a reversible migration of the habit plane and also act as a jump switch. A comprehensive analysis of the microscopic observations demonstrates that the heterogeneity of phase transition and the homogeneity of self‐driven orientations account for the splitting‐to‐self‐healing. Utilization of the reversible phase transition of 6‐CNA single crystal can generate a pushing force that is > 104 times the gravitational force of the crystal, thus making 6‐CNA an actuator to drive the reversible movement of a glass plate. Both forms of these crystal materials are mechanically compliant in two dimensions and can be twisted in terms of requirement. This excellent actuation performance, reversibility of the phase transition, and soft nature make it a prospective candidate for robust single‐crystal actuators.
0D/2D CsPbBr3 Nanocrystal/BiOCl Nanoplate Heterostructure with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ma Li‐Jiao , Wu Hui‐Qin , Chen Bi‐Yu , Wang Gang , Lei Bing‐Xin , Zhang Ding , Kuang Dai‐Bin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract0D‐2D p–n type CsPbBr3/BiOCl heterojunction photocatalyst is successfully fabricated via the electrostatic self‐assembly process. On the basis of the photoluminescence and photocurrent density results, the CsPbBr3/BiOCl composite exhibits a higher charge separation rate than pure BiOCl and CsPbBr3. The degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) result shows that the CsPbBr3/BiOCl composite obtains the highest degradation rate of close to 100% within 60 min, which is significantly higher than those of pure CsPbBr3 (84.21%) and BiOCl (73.57%) because the p–n type heterojunction photocatalyst can promote the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. The free radical capture experiment demonstrates that •O2− plays a major role in the photodegradation of RhB. This study may provide insights into designing advanced photocatalysts for the clean‐ups of environmental pollutants.
Monitoring the Adhesion and Inhibitory Activity of Candida albicans on Poly‐l‐Lysine Modified Gold Nano‐Match Head Arrays
Authors: Zhou Bin , Li Guohua , Wu Mingxi , Zhou Zhangkai , Cai Xin , Cai Jingxuan , Zhou Jianhua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA platform for real‐time monitoring and comprehensively studying the adhesion process of microorganisms onto material surfaces as well as their bioactivity on the surface is very helpful to reveal the microbial contamination mechanism on drainage catheters, intravascular stents, and implanted sensors. Herein, a multifunctional sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nano‐match head arrays (GNMAs) is developed for monitoring the adhesion behavior of microorganisms (such as Candida albicans, i.e., C. albicans) as well as its inhibitory activity. The sensor is fabricated through soft lithography processes using nanopatterned polydimethylsiloxane stamps, and modified with polymers of different charges for investigating the adhesion of C. albicans onto different charged surfaces. The spectroscopic study shows that C. albicans are more favorable to positively charged surfaces than negatively charged ones, which is also proven by the fluorescence images under microscope. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that the GNMA modified with poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) can effectively kill the adhered C. albicans due to the membrane destruction and the reactive oxygen species induced by PLL. These unique advantages suggest that the sensor is capable as both an antifungal study system and a real‐time monitoring platform for antifungal performance evaluation.
A High‐Performance Self‐Powered UV‐Visible‐Infrared Broadband Photodetector Based on a Solution‐Processed Bi2Se3/Se Nanorods Heterojunction
Authors: Fu Zichun , Gao Shiyong , Yuan Ye , Lu Huiqing , Ling Duoduo , Ren Shuai , Rong Ping , Jiao Shujie , Wang Jinzhong , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNanostructured semiconductor materials synthesized through solution processes have received a substantial body of attention owing to their cost‐effectiveness, manufacturing ease, and environmental friendliness. Here, a simple solution approach is used to synthesize Bi2Se3/Se nanorods (NRs) heterojunction by covering Se NRs with a uniform Bi2Se3 shell. The morphology, composition, and structure of the samples are characterized and the growth mechanism is also analyzed. Furthermore, the photodetector based on the Bi2Se3/Se NRs is fabricated. The as‐prepared Bi2Se3/Se NRs photodetector exhibits an outstanding broadband photoresponse from UV (365 nm) to IR (850 nm) with good repeatability and self‐powered ability. Upon light illumination, Bi2Se3/Se NRs photodetector shows maximum photocurrent of 190 µA (UV light), 194 µA (blue light), 145 µA (green light), 38 µA (red light), 4 µA (IR light) as well as a rapid response time around 0.1 s approximately. Moreover, a possible detection mechanism of Bi2Se3/Se NRs photodetector is also discussed.
Establishment of Fuzzy Langmuir Adsorption Model and Prediction of Chromatographic Behavior
Authors: Li Shoujiang , Wang Shaoyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to accurately predict the complex chromatographic behaviors of the components to be separated, the fuzzy Langmuir adsorption equations and the back propagation‐artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) are combined to establish fuzzy Langmuir adsorption models. Herein, the fuzzy Langmuir adsorption equations are deduced based on a series of different traditional adsorption equations such as with or without competition, one or two kinds of adsorbed sites, monomolecular or multimolecular adsorption, etc. The major adsorption parameter Ci (form concentration) is the function of the actual concentration ci, expressed in matrix form constructed by BP‐ANN and is obtained by solving the equilibrium dispersive chromatography model with the inverse method and genetic algorithm. Finally, the fuzzy Langmuir models are applied to study the chromatographic behaviors of m‐cresol and p‐cresol on MIL‐53 (Al) stationary phase. The results show that the models have excellent curve fitting ability, and can be used to determine the adsorption relationship and predict the chromatographic elution curves under complex or unknown adsorption mechanism.
Elucidating the Role of Microstructure in Thiophosphate Electrolytes – a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study ofβ‐Li3PS4
Authors: Ates Tugce , Neumann Anton , Danner Timo , Latz Arnulf , Zarrabeitia Maider , Stepien Dominik , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) are promising candidates to significantly exceed the energy densities of today's state‐of‐the‐art technology, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). To enable this advancement, optimizing the solid electrolyte (SE) is the key.β‐Li3PS4(β‐LPS) is the most studied member of the Li2S‐P2S5family, offering promising properties for implementation in electric vehicles. In this work, the microstructure of this SE and how it influences the electrochemical performance are systematically investigated. To figure this out, four batches ofβ‐LPS electrolyte with different particle size, shape, and porosity are investigated in detail. It is found that differences in pellet porosities mostly originate from single‐particle intrinsic features and less from interparticle voids. Surprisingly, theβ‐LPS electrolyte pellets with the highest porosity and larger particle size not only show the highest ionic conductivity (up to 0.049 mS cm–1at RT), but also the most stable cycling performance in symmetrical Li cells. This behavior is traced back to the grain boundary resistance. Larger SE particles seem to be more attractive, as their grain boundary contribution is lower than that of denser pellets prepared using smallerβ‐LPS particles.
In Situ Anchoring Anion‐Rich and Multi‐Cavity NiS2 Nanoparticles on NCNTs for Advanced Magnesium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Zisen , Li Ping , Wei Wutao , Huang Chao , Mi Liwei , Zhang Jinglai , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnesium (Mg)‐ion batteries with low cost and good safety characteristics has attracted a great deal of attention recently. However, the high polarity and the slow diffusion of Mg2+ in the cathode material limit the development of practical Mg cathode materials. In this paper, an anion‐rich electrode material, NiS2, and its composite with Ni‐based carbon nanotubes (NiS2/NCNTs) are explored as the cathode materials for Mg‐ion batteries. These NiS2/NCNTs with excellent Mg2+ storage property is synthesized by a simple in situ growth of NiS2 nanoparticles on NCNTs. NiS2 with both a large regular cavity structure and abundant sulfur‐sulfur (SS) bonds with high electronegativity can provide a large number of active sites and unobstructed transport paths for the insertion–disinsertion of Mg2+. With the aid of 3D NCNTs skeleton as the transport channel of the electron, the NiS2/NCNTs exhibit a high capacity of 244.5 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and an outstanding rate performance (94.7 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1). It achieves capacitance retention of 58% after 2000 cycles at 200 mA g−1. Through theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a series of systematic ex situ characterizations, the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanisms of NiS2 and NiS2/NCNTs and are elucidated for fundamental understanding.
Regulating Dendrite‐Free Zinc Deposition by Red Phosphorous‐Derived Artificial Protective Layer for Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Tian , Xi Qiao , Li Yifan , Fu Hao , Hua Yongbin , Shankar Edugulla Girija , Kakarla Ashok Kumar , Yu Jae Su 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRational architecture design of the artificial protective layer on the zinc (Zn) anode surface is a promising strategy to achieve uniform Zn deposition and inhibit the uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites. Herein, a red phosphorous‐derived artificial protective layer combined with a conductive N‐doped carbon framework is designed to achieve dendrite‐free Zn deposition. The Zn–phosphorus (ZnP) solid solution alloy artificial protective layer is formed during Zn plating. Meanwhile, the dynamic evolution mechanism of the ZnP on the Zn anode is successfully revealed. The concentration gradient of the electrolyte on the electrode surface can be redistributed by this protective layer, thereby achieving a uniform Zn‐ion flux. The fabricated Zn symmetrical battery delivers a dendrite‐free plating/stripping for 1100 h at the current density of 2.0 mA cm–2. Furthermore, aqueous Zn//MnO2 full cell exhibits a reversible capacity of 200 mAh g–1 after 350 cycles at 1.0 A g–1. This study suggests an effective solution for the suppression of Zn dendrites in Zn metal batteries, which is expected to provide a deep insight into the design of high‐performance rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries.
All‐Inorganic Manganese‐Based CsMnCl3 Nanocrystals for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Guan Lin‐Quan , Shi Shuo , Niu Xiao‐Wei , Guo Shi‐Chen , Zhao Jian , Ji Tian‐Meng , Dong Hao , Jia Feng‐Yan , Xiao Jia‐Wen , Sun Ling‐Dong , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLead‐based halide perovskite nanomaterials with excellent optical properties have aroused great attention in the fields of solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, lasing, X‐ray imaging, etc. However, the toxicity of lead prompts researchers to develop alternatives to cut down the usage of lead. Herein, all‐inorganic manganese‐based perovskite derivatives, CsMnCl3 nanocrystals (NCs), with uniform size and morphology have been synthesized successfully via a modified hot‐injection method. These NCs have a direct bandgap of 4.08 eV and a broadband emission centered at 660 nm. Through introducing modicum lead (1%) into the CsMnCl3 NCs, the photoluminescence intensity greatly improves, and the quantum yield (PLQY) increases from 0.7% to 21%. Furthermore, the CsMnCl3:1%Pb NCs feature high‐efficiency of X‐ray absorption and radioluminescence, which make these NCs promising candidates for X‐ray imaging.
Pushing Lithium–Sulfur Batteries towards Practical Working Conditions through a Cathode–Electrolyte Synergy
Authors: Zhao Chen , Daali Amine , Hwang Inhui , Li Tianyi , Huang Xingkang , Robertson David , Yang Zhenzhen , Trask Steve , Xu Wenqian , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Xu Gui‐Liang , Amine Khalil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe commercialization of lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries is still hindered by the unsatisfactory cell performance under practical working conditions, which is mainly caused by the sluggish cathode redox kinetics, severe polysulfide shuttling, and poor Li stripping/plating reversibility. Herein, we report an effective strategy by combining Se‐doped S hosted in an ordered macroporous framework with a highly fluorinated ether (HFE)‐based electrolyte to simultaneously address the aforementioned issues in both cathode and anode. A reversible and stable high areal capacity of >5.4 mAh cm−2 with high Coulombic efficiency >99.2 % can be achieved under high areal Se/S loading (5.8 mg cm−2), while the underlying mechanism was further revealed through synchrotron X‐ray probes and Time‐of‐Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The practical application potential was further evaluated at low (0 °C) and high (55 °C) temperatures under high areal Se/S loading (>5.0 mg cm−2) and thin Li metal (40 μm).