bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three highly conserved hydrophobic residues in the predicted α2‐helix of rice NLR protein Pit contribute to its localization and immune induction
Authors: Wang Qiong , Li Yuying , Kosami Ken‐ichi , Liu Chaochao , Li Jing , Zhang Dan , Miki Daisuke , Kawano Yoji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins work as crucial intracellular immune receptors. N‐terminal domains of NLRs fall into two groups, coiled‐coil (CC) and Toll‐interleukin 1 receptor domains, which play critical roles in signal transduction and disease resistance. However, the activation mechanisms of NLRs, and how their N‐termini function in immune induction, remain largely unknown. Here, we revealed that the CC domain of a rice NLR Pit contributes to self‐association. The Pit CC domain possesses three conserved hydrophobic residues that are known to be involved in oligomer formation in two NLRs, barley MLA10 and Arabidopsis RPM1. Interestingly, the function of these residues in Pit differs from that in MLA10 and RPM1. Although three hydrophobic residues are important for Pit‐induced disease resistance against rice blast fungus, they do not participate in self‐association or binding to downstream signalling molecules. By homology modelling of Pit using the Arabidopsis ZAR1 structure, we tried to clarify the role of three conserved hydrophobic residues and found that they are located in the predicted α2‐helix of the Pit CC domain and involved in the plasma membrane localization. Our findings provide novel insights for understanding the mechanisms of NLR activation as well as the relationship between subcellular localization and immune induction.
Ethylene responsive factor34 mediates stress‐induced leaf senescence by regulating salt stress‐responsive genes
Authors: Park Sung‐Jin , Park Sanghoon , Kim Yongmin , Hyeon Do Young , Park Hyunsoo , Jeong Junyong , Jeong Ukcheol , Yoon Yeong Seon , You Daesang , Kwak Junmin , Timilsina Rupak , Hwang Daehee , Kim Jeongsik , Woo Hye Ryun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLeaf senescence proceeds with age but is modulated by various environmental stresses and hormones. Salt stress is one of the most well‐known environmental stresses that accelerate leaf senescence. However, the molecular mechanisms that integrate salt stress signalling with leaf senescence programmes remain elusive. In this study, we characterised the role of ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR34 (ERF34), an Arabidopsis APETALA2 (AP2)/ERF family transcription factor, in leaf senescence. ERF34 was differentially expressed under various leaf senescence‐inducing conditions, and negatively regulated leaf senescence induced by age, dark, and salt stress. ERF34 also promoted salt stress tolerance at different stages of the plant life cycle such as seed germination and vegetative growth. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the overexpression of ERF34 increased the transcript levels of salt stress‐responsive genes including COLD‐REGULATED15A (COR15A), EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION10 (ERD10), and RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION29A (RD29A). Moreover, ERF34 directly bound to ERD10 and RD29A promoters and activated their expression. Our findings indicate that ERF34 plays a key role in the convergence of the salt stress response with the leaf senescence programmes, and is a potential candidate for crop improvement, particularly by enhancing salt stress tolerance.
Mating type and fungicide resistance in populations of Podosphaera xanthii in south Italy
Authors: Pollastro Stefania , Laguardia Cataldo , Dongiovanni Crescenza , Rotondo Palma Rosa , De Miccolis Angelini Rita Milvia , Raguseo Celeste , Rotolo Caterina , Gerin Donato , Faretra Francesco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPowdery mildew is one of the most common and severe diseases of cucurbits, causing heavy yield losses in all growing areas when not successfully controlled. Two different fungal species, Podosphaera xanthii and Golovinomyces orontii, are generally recognized as causal agents. The results of monitoring carried out in 2016 and 2018 confirmed that P. xanthii is the exclusive pathogen causing cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) in southern Italy. P. xanthii is a bipolar heterothallic fungus; a PCR‐based method for distinguishing MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 idiomorphs was applied for assessing mating type distribution in fungal populations present on cucurbits in different sites. The idiomorph MAT1‐2 was prevalent over the MAT1‐1 in 2016, whereas they were approximately in a 1:1 ratio in 2018; this finding corroborated the hypothesis that the MAT1‐1 idiomorph was more recently introduced in the area. Cyflufenamid‐resistant isolates were widespread in commercial greenhouses and field plantings even though use of this fungicide had been drastically reduced by the farmers 1 year before the monitoring due to the effectiveness losses observed in CPM control. Occurrence of cyflufenamid resistance and its impact on efficacy were evaluated in a field trial comparing different fungicide spray schedules. Cyflufenamid‐resistant isolates were detected even at the first appearance of symptoms on leaves, increasing over time. Isolates resistant to cyflufenamid showed a resistance factor as high as 900. Generally, P. xanthii was better controlled when cyflufenamid was used in integrated strategies rather than in spray schedules based on the exclusive use of the fungicide.
Intercensal Updating Using Structure-Preserving Methods and Satellite Imagery
Authors: Koebe Till , Arias-Salazar Alejandra , Rojas-Perilla Natalia , Schmid Timo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Censuses are fundamental building blocks of most modern-day societies, yet collected every 10 years at best. We propose an extension of the widely popular census updating technique structure-preserving estimation by incorporating auxiliary information in order to take ongoing subnational population shifts into account. We apply our method by incorporating satellite imagery as additional source to derive annual small-area updates of multidimensional poverty indicators from 2013 to 2020 for a population at risk: female-headed households in Senegal. We evaluate the performance of our proposal using data from two different census periods.
Graphical Criteria for Efficient Total Effect Estimation Via Adjustment in Causal Linear Models
Authors: Henckel Leonard , Perković Emilija , Maathuis Marloes H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCovariate adjustment is a commonly used method for total causal effect estimation. In recent years, graphical criteria have been developed to identify all valid adjustment sets, that is, all covariate sets that can be used for this purpose. Different valid adjustment sets typically provide total causal effect estimates of varying accuracies. Restricting ourselves to causal linear models, we introduce a graphical criterion to compare the asymptotic variances provided by certain valid adjustment sets. We employ this result to develop two further graphical tools. First, we introduce a simple variance decreasing pruning procedure for any given valid adjustment set. Second, we give a graphical characterization of a valid adjustment set that provides the optimal asymptotic variance among all valid adjustment sets. Our results depend only on the graphical structure and not on the specific error variances or edge coefficients of the underlying causal linear model. They can be applied to directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), completed partially directed acyclic graphs (CPDAGs) and maximally oriented partially directed acyclic graphs (maximal PDAGs). We present simulations and a real data example to support our results and show their practical applicability.
The Kendall and Spearman rank correlations of the bivariate skew normal distribution
Authors: Heinen Andréas , Valdesogo Alfonso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe derive the Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficients of the bivariate skew normal (SN) distribution. For a given correlation parameter, we provide conditions on the shape parameters, under which the SN is more dependent than the normal in terms of each of the two‐rank correlations. We further show how our results can be used for rank‐based estimation procedures of the correlation parameter and the equal shape parameter of the SN, whose consistency and asymptotic normality we establish.
An experimental investigation of the influence of loneliness on changes in belongingness and desire to escape
Authors: Badcock Anna C. , Carrington‐Jones Phoebe , Stritzke Werner G. K. , Page Andrew C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveLoneliness is a well‐established risk factor for suicide in young adults, but the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Drawing on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, the Evolutionary Model of Loneliness, and Prospect Theory, we examined if high and low levels of loneliness are associated with different patterns of response to losses or gains of belongingness.MethodsA sample of 188 students completed the UCLA‐Loneliness scale (version 3) and measures of suicide risk. Participants in the top and bottom tertiles of loneliness scores completed a computerized task designed to induce changes (gains, losses) or consistency in risk factors for suicide (belongingness, burdensomeness) over time, and examined the effect on desire to quit the task.ResultsThe results showed that the high loneliness group exhibited a larger magnitude of effect on desire to quit from gaining belongingness than for losing belongingness. In contrast, the low loneliness group showed a larger change in desire to quit from losing belongingness than gaining belongingness.ConclusionThe findings provide preliminary experimental support for distinct profiles of suicide risk based on prevailing levels of loneliness. The findings are discussed in relation to a need for increased precision in theoretical models of suicide and loneliness.
Financial self‐regulation
Authors: Peetz Johanna , Davydenko Mariya 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFinancial self‐regulation includes self‐regulation strategies. Such strategies—actions and thoughts promoting financial goals over financial temptations—can intervene at multiple points in the self‐regulation process. We discuss financial self‐regulation strategies in the context of the process model, highlighting empirically studied strategies shown to increase saving or reduce spending. We then discuss factors linked to strategy effectiveness. Although there is no consensus which specific strategy may be superior, there is evidence suggesting that financial strategies employed ahead of a tempting situation (vs. during the situation), self‐generated strategies that fit one's personality, and a wider variety of strategies likely result in more self‐regulatory success. We also discuss the limits of financial self‐regulation strategies and the circumstances under which strategies may be ineffective.
Residual risks of bacterial contamination for pathogen‐reduced platelet components
Authors: Cloutier Marc , De Korte Dirk ,   ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party, Subgroup on Bacteria
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlatelet components are commonly transfused to patients for a variety of indications, including patients with low platelet counts or patients with platelet dysfunction who are bleeding or at high risk of bleeding. Although the risk of pathogen contamination of platelet components has declined significantly over the last 40 years, it remains a concern for the patients, for blood banks and for physicians. Pathogen inactivation (PI) technologies have been developed to mitigate this risk. This review focuses on the residual risks of transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections by platelet transfusion after PI. We describe and assess the relationship between the bacterial load and the timing and capacity of reduction of the different PI technologies, as well as the risks that could represent spore‐forming microorganisms and the possible introduction of microorganisms after PI.
Preclinical Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Optimized O25b O-Antigen Glycoconjugates To Prevent MDR ST131 E. coli Infections
Authors: Chorro Laurent , Li Zhenghui , Chu Ling , Singh Suddham , Gu Jianxin , Kim Jin-hwan , Dutta Kaushik , Pan Rosalind , Kodali Srinivas , Ndreu Duston , Patel Axay , Hawkins Julio C. , Ponce Chris , Silmon de Monerri Natalie , Keeney David , Illenberger Arthur , Jones C. Hal , Andrew Lubomira , Lotvin Jason , Prasad A. Krishna , Kanevsky Isis , Jansen Kathrin U. , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Donald Robert G. K. 
Published: March 2022

Multivalent O-antigen polysaccharide glycoconjugate vaccines are under development to prevent invasive infections caused by pathogenic
Enterobacteriaceae
. Sequence type 131 (ST131)
Escherichia coli
of serotype O25b has emerged as the predominant lineage causing invasive multidrug-resistant extraintestinal pathogenic
E. coli
(ExPEC) infections. We observed the prevalence of
E. coli
O25b ST131 among a contemporary collection of isolates from U.S. bloodstream infections from 2013 to 2016 (
n
= 444) and global urinary tract infections from 2014 to 2017 (
n
= 102) to be 25% and 24%, respectively.
Cosmological “constant” in a universe born in the metastable false vacuum state
Authors: Urbanowski K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cosmological constant$$\varLambda $$Λis a measure of the energy density of the vacuum. Therefore properties of the energy of the system in the metastable vacuum state reflect properties of$$\varLambda = \varLambda (t)$$Λ=Λ(t). We analyze properties of the energy,E(t), of a general quantum system in the metastable state in various phases of the decay process: In the exponential phase, in the transition phase between the exponential decay and the later phase, where decay law as a function of timetis in the form of powers of 1/t, and also in this last phase. We found that this energy having an approximate value resulting from the Weisskopf–Wigner theory in the exponential decay phase is reduced very fast in the transition phase to its asymptotic value$$E(t) \simeq E_{min} + \alpha _{2}/t^{2}+\ldots $$E(t)≃Emin+α2/t2+…in the late last phase of the decay process. (Here$$E_{min}$$Eminis the minimal energy of the system). This quantum mechanism reduces the energy of the system in the unstable state by a dozen or even several dozen orders or more. We show that if to assume that a universe was born in metastable false vacuum state then according to this quantum mechanism the cosmological constant$$\varLambda $$Λcan have a very great value resulting from the quantum field theory calculations in the early universe in the inflationary era,$$\varLambda \simeq \varLambda _{qft}$$Λ≃Λqft, and then it can later be quickly reduced to the very, very small values.
Moffat’s modified gravity tested on X-COP galaxy clusters
Authors: Harikumar Sreekanth , Biesiada Marek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScalar tensor vector gravity (STVG) is a fully covariant Lorentz invariant alternative theory of gravity also known as MOdified Gravity (MOG) which modifies General Relativity by inclusion of dynamical massive vector field and scalar fields. In STVG the mass $$\mu $$
μ
of the vector field $$\phi _{\mu }$$

ϕ
μ

and the gravitational constant G acquire the status of dynamical fields. We use the reconstructed total cluster mass of the X-COP sample obtained from X-ray observations by XMM-Newton telescope in combination with Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect observed within Planck all-sky survey to estimate the $$ \alpha $$
α
and $$\mu $$
μ
parameters of MOG theory. The obtained values are consistent with previous fits by other authors. Hence the MOG is passing another test and proves its consistency strengthening thereby its stance of being a promising alternative to General Relativity.
Production of the $$B_c$$ meson at the CEPC
Authors: Zhang Ze-Yang , Zheng Xu-Chang , Wu Xing-Gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we make a detailed study on the production of the $$B_c$$

B
c

, $$B_c^*$$

B
c
∗

, $$B_c(2\,^1S_0)$$

B
c

(
2

1

S
0

)

, and $$B^*_c(2\,^3S_1)$$

B
c
∗

(
2

3

S
1

)

mesons via the three planned running modes (Z, W, and H) at the future Circular Electron–Positron Collider (CEPC). The fragmentation-function and full nonrelativistic QCD approaches are adopted to calculate the production cross sections. Considering the excited states shall decay to the ground $$B_c$$

B
c

state (e.g. $$1^1S_0$$

1
1

S
0

-state) with almost $$100\%$$

100
%

probability, our numerical results show that up to next-to-leading order QCD corrections, there are about $$1.4\times 10^8$$

1.4
×

10
8

$$B_c$$

B
c

events to be accumulated via the Z mode ($$\sqrt{s}=m_{_Z}$$

s

=

m

Z

) of the CEPC, but only about $$1.6\times 10^4$$

1.6
×

10
4

and $$1.1\times 10^4$$

1.1
×

10
4

$$B_c$$

B
c

events to be accumulated via the W ($$\sqrt{s}=160\,\mathrm{GeV}$$

s

=
160

GeV

) and H ($$\sqrt{s}=240\,\mathrm{GeV}$$

s

=
240

GeV

) modes, respectively. Since the Z mode is the best mode among the three planned modes of the CEPC for studying the production of the $$B_c$$

B
c

, $$B_c^*$$

B
c
∗

, $$B_c(2\,^1S_0)$$

B
c

(
2

1

S
0

)

, and $$B^*_c(2\,^3S_1)$$

B
c
∗

(
2

3

S
1

)

mesons and the differential distributions of these mesons may be measured precisely at this mode, we further present the differential cross sections $$d\sigma /(dz\,d\mathrm{cos}\theta )$$

d
σ
/
(
d
z

d
cos
θ
)

and $$d\sigma /dz$$

d
σ
/
d
z

via the Z mode of the CEPC.
Recognition of jet modes in electrohydrodynamic direct-writing based on image segmentation
Authors: Liu Yifang , Chen Junyu , Jiang Jiaxin , Wang Xiang , Xie Lusheng , Li Wenwang , Zheng Gaofeng 
Published: March 2022

The jet modes are directly related to the stable and accurate deposition in electrohydrodynamic direct writing. In order to analyze the state of the jet through the image, it is essential to segment the image into needle area, droplet area and jet area. The small feature scale, unclear boundary and fast response speed bring troubles to the region segmentation. An algorithm of region segmentation is proposed to achieve the region segmentation. A scan method is used to extract the needle area automatically and the open-operation is used to separate the droplet area and jet area. The characters of droplet and jet are analyzed to judge the mode of the jet, which directly reflects the stability of the ejection state. This work is beneficial to the real-time controlling of the EDW and the stability and uniformity of micro/nanofibers.
A novel noncoupling capacitor split capacitor array structure for high resolution SAR ADC
Authors: Chen Yanbo , Feng Yanpeng , Zhang Shubin , He Guokun , Li Yunjie , Wang Dongbo 
Published: March 2022

In order to achieve high resolution in Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), a novel noncoupling capacitor split capacitor array structure is proposed, which solves the coupling capacitor mismatch problem in the traditional split capacitor array structure. This paper analyzes the structure and its capacitor array mismatch. Based on the structure and analysis, a 12-bit SAR ADC is designed and implemented in GSMC 0.11 [Formula: see text]m CMOS process. The measured results show that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is 72.61 dB and Effective Number Of Bits (ENOB) is 11.77 bit, which prove the advantages of this structure in the design of high resolution SAR ADC.
Epigenetic Activation of Plasmacytoid DCs Drives IFNAR-Dependent Therapeutic Differentiation of AML
Authors: Salmon Jessica M. , Todorovski Izabela , Stanley Kym L. , Bruedigam Claudia , Kearney Conor J. , Martelotto Luciano G. , Rossello Fernando , Semple Timothy , Arnau Gisela Mir , Zethoven Magnus , Bots Michael , Bjelosevic Stefan , Cluse Leonie A. , Fraser Peter J. , Litalien Veronique , Vidacs Eva , McArthur Kate , Matthews Antony Y. , Gressier Elise , de Weerd Nicole A. , Lichte Jens , Kelly Madison J. , Hogg Simon J. , Hertzog Paul J. , Kats Lev M. , Vervoort Stephin J. , De Carvalho Daniel D. , Scheu Stefanie , Bedoui Sammy , Kile Benjamin T. , Lane Steven W. , Perkins Andrew C. , Wei Andrew H. , Dominguez Pilar M. , Johnstone Ricky W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Pharmacologic inhibition of epigenetic enzymes can have therapeutic benefit against hematologic malignancies. In addition to affecting tumor cell growth and proliferation, these epigenetic agents may induce antitumor immunity. Here, we discovered a novel immunoregulatory mechanism through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC). In models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemia cell differentiation and therapeutic benefit mediated by the HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) panobinostat required activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) produced type I IFN after panobinostat treatment, through transcriptional activation of IFN genes concomitant with increased H3K27 acetylation at these loci. Depletion of pDCs abrogated panobinostat-mediated induction of type I IFN signaling in leukemia cells and impaired therapeutic efficacy, whereas combined treatment with panobinostat and IFNα improved outcomes in preclinical models. These discoveries offer a new therapeutic approach for AML and demonstrate that epigenetic rewiring of pDCs enhances antitumor immunity, opening the possibility of exploiting this approach for immunotherapies.

Significance:
We demonstrate that HDACis induce terminal differentiation of AML through epigenetic remodeling of pDCs, resulting in production of type I IFN that is important for the therapeutic effects of HDACis. The study demonstrates the important functional interplay between the immune system and leukemias in response to HDAC inhibition.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397
Princípios da vacinação de cães e gatos em abrigos
Authors: Galdioli Lucas , Botteon Karin Denise , Rocha Yasmin da Silva Gonçalves da , Brugnerotto Michele , Garcia Rita de Cassia Maria 
Published: March 2022

Os abrigos de animais são locais com um alto risco de exposição às doenças infecciosas devido à alta densidade, à dinâmica populacional do abrigo e ao estresse a que os cães e gatos estão submetidos. O processo de imunização por meio das vacinas é um componente essencial no programa e prevenção e gestão de saúde e bem-estar para esses animais. Esta revisão tem como objetivo revisar as diretrizes sobre a vacinação de cães e gatos em ambientes de abrigos, ressaltando pontos de comparação com a realidade brasileira.