bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of nano-minerals and nanoparticles in supergene rare earth element mineralization related to chemical weathering of granites
Authors: Yi Zebang , Fu Wei , Zhao Qing , Lu Haotian , Fu Xuanni , Li Peiqiang , Luo Peng , Han Zhixuan , Tan Zhiqiang , Xu Cheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIon adsorption-type rare earth element (REE) ore deposits in South China are a major source of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) around the world, which are of considerable economic and strategic significance. In these ores, REE is enriched in the clay minerals, specifically kaolinite and halloysite, which are derived from their parent granitoid by the weathering process. However, the mechanisms of supergene REE mineralization remain unclear. We investigated the nature and origin of supergene REE mineralization, based on a nanoscale study of a typical REE-mineralized granite regolith profile (ΣREEmax = 1201 ppm) in the Dazhou super-large, ion adsorption-type REE deposit, Guangxi Province, South China. Bulk mineralogical and geochemical analyses, coupled with novel nano-characterization techniques [i.e., hollow fiber flow field-flow fractionation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HF5-ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)], were used to determine the nature of the nano-minerals and nanoparticles in the regolith samples. X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS analyses revealed that ion-adsorption clay minerals are dominated by platy-shaped kaolinite and rod-like halloysite (10 and 7 Å) within the regolith. The average clay mineral contents decreased from 38 to 15% from the fully weathered horizon to the semi-weathered horizon, whereas the proportion of halloysite increased in the clay mineral fraction in the deep horizons. The REE-bearing nanoparticles consist predominantly of macromolecules of organic matter (2–5 nm) and clay minerals (5–40 and 40–80 nm) according to the HF5-ICP-MS analysis. There is a close association between REE and Al contents in particles with sizes of 5–40 nm in the semi-weathered horizons and 40–80 nm in the highly weathered horizons, which indicates that nanoscale clay minerals (halloysite and kaolinite, respectively) are important REE carriers. In addition, nanoscale secondary REE mineral phases, including oxide, silicate, and phosphate, were identified by the SEM and TEM observations. These phases are typically adsorbed onto the surfaces of clay minerals, specifically rod-like halloysite, but have different occurrences in the regolith profile. Cesium-oxide (cerianite) and Ce-silicate (cerite) occur mainly in the upper horizon of the regolith profile, whereas low-crystallinity REE phosphates [rhabdophane-(La)] occur mainly in the lower horizon of the profile. Our results indicate that nano-minerals and nanoparticles affect REE enrichment and fractionation during granite weathering. Migration and accumulation of REE-bearing nano-minerals were caused by leaching and neoformation of REE-bearing nano-minerals during secondary precipitation. These processes contribute to the formation of supergene REE mineralization in granite regolith.
Sistema de gestión de calidad para el desarrollo empresarial caso cooperativa integral de transportadores de san francisco
Authors: Cruz-Páez Fabio Orlando , Guerrero-Ramírez Giselle Alexandra , Triana-Calderón Oldair 
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo deja apreciar la contribución del cómo una empresa para este caso la Cooperativa integral de Transportadores COOTRASANFRANCISCO Ltda., a través de la documentación y estandarización de los procesos puede implementar el sistema de gestión de calidad con base en los lineamientos de la NTC - ISO 9001:2015 con el fin de desarrollarse y fortalecerse empresarialmente. Desde la perspectiva teórica en una empresa la ausencia de la norma ISO 9001-2015 puede llegar a ocasionar desorden y conflicto en las operaciones diarias desarrolladas, generando como consecuencias inconvenientes en el flujo de la información, así se genera la necesidad de fortalecer los procesos con el diseño e implementación de un sistema de gestión de calidad. La metodología de la investigación se realizó con investigación mixta, diseño no experimental-transcendental y alcance descriptivo - documental, apoyado en dos instrumentos de investigación el primero una lista de chequeo y el segundo una encuesta aplicada al 95 % del recurso humano de la empresa, equivalente a 25 personas de la cooperativa. La investigación mostró que con gestión de calidad se genera desarrollo empresarial, así futuras investigaciones empíricas brindarán innovaciones de procesos y servicios en empresas circundantes para el desarrollo organizacional y social.
The Design of Selectively-Activated Prodrugs for Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Denny William A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
Tumor-selective activation of anticancer prodrugs is of increasing interest, given several new concepts for such activation which have recently emerged. These include chronic hypoxia and low external pH as consistent properties of solid tumor tissue, and new antibody- and genetic-based methods for specifically delivering activating enzymes to tumors. Such prodrugs are conceptually considered as comprising three separate domains (a trigger which determines the tumor-selective activation, an effector which provides the cytotoxic event following trigger activation, and a linker
mechanism which deactivates the effector in the prodrug and efficiently transmits the activating signal). This concept allows independent consideration of the types of structures most suitable for each domain, and the criteria which they must meet. The existing classes of compounds designed as selectively-activated anticancer prodrugs are reviewed, showing that the primary design criterion for the effector unit is high cytotoxicity, whereas the requirements of trigger units depend critically on the mode of selective activation.
Different Distribution of Core Microbiota in Upper Soil Layer in Two Places of North China Plain
Authors: Wang Luan , Zhang Qian , Mei Hongtao , Cui Xiaohan , Wang Meijie , Zhu Yu , Ji Boyang , Wei Yongjun 
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds:
Soils harbor diverse bacteria, and these bacteria play important roles in soil nutrition cycling and carbon storage. Numerous investigations of soil microbiota had been performed, and the core microbiota in different soil or vegetation soil types had been described. The upper layer of soil, as a source of organic matter, is important and affected by the habitats and dominant bacteria. However, the complexity of soil environments and relatively limited information of many geographic areas had attracted great attention on comprehensive exploration of soil microbes in enormous types of soil.

Methods:
To reveal the core upper layer soil microbiota, soil samples from metropolis and countryside regions in the North China Plain were investigated using high-throughput sequencing strategy.

Results:
The results showed that the most dominant bacteria are Proteobacteria (38.34%), Actinobacteria (20.56%), and Acidobacteria (15.18%). At the genus-level, the most abundant known genera are Gaiella (3.66%), Sphingomonas (3.6%), Acidobacteria Gp6 (3.52%), and Nocardioides (2.1%). Moreover, several dominant operational taxanomy units OTUs, such as OTU_3 and OTU_17, were identified to be associated with the soil environment. Microbial distributions of the metropolis samples were different from the countryside samples, which may reflect the environments in the countryside were more diverse than in the metropolis. Microbial diversity and evenness were higher in the metropolis than in the countryside, which might due to the fact that human activity increased the microbial diversity in the metropolis.

Conclusion:
The upper layer soil core microbiota of the North China Plain were complex, and microbial distributions in these two places might be mainly affected by the human activity and environmental factors, not by the distance. Our data highlights the upper layer soil core microbiota in North China Plain, and provides insights for future soil microbial distribution studies in central China.
Pilomatrixoma Mimicking a Pyogenic Granuloma Clinically: A Rare Case Report from Syria
Authors: Al-Soufi Lina , Al-janabi Moatasem Hussein , Wannous Boshra , Issa Rana , Al-shehabi Zuheir 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Pilomatrixoma is a benign skin tumor arising from the hair matrix cells. It is typically found in the head and neck region. However, few cases of pilomatrixoma that mimic a pyogenic granuloma have been reported. Clinicians should be aware of it because it may recurrence and transform into a malignant tumor.

Case Presentation:
We report a rare case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with an asymptomatic mass on the left cheek for 2 months. Clinically, it was diagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma. An excisional biopsy was performed and sent to the pathology department for histopathological study. Histological examination showed that it was a pilomatrixoma. The patient was discharged on the same day, without any complications.

Conclusion:
Pilomatrixoma is often misdiagnosed clinically; therefore, the definitive diagnosis of skin tumors should be made after a histologic examination of the excisional mass. Surgical resection with wide margins was the optimal treatment for pilomatrixoma because local recurrence may occur.
Impact of Lifestyle Management on COVID-19
Authors: Parmar Dharmishtha R. , Amin Jinali M. , Verma Preeti D. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and deadly viral infection that led to a pandemic situation and has become the biggest challenge to overcome since its inception. To date, many infected people have lost their lives and many are suffering a lot due to post-COVID complications. The corona outbreak imposed different countries to undergo lockdown, which resulted in huge economic losses. The world is again battling with a new variant of Corona ‘Omicron’, which is spreading even more. Few reports have indicated that vaccinated people are also getting the infection and in some cases of new variants, serious complications are also observed. Scientists are yet striving to come forward with time-tested and registered medicines to eradicate the infection.

Objective:
A healthy lifestyle incorporating good food habits, ample physical activity, cessation of addictions, self-hygiene, and enough sleep to reduce stress and anxiety can help people in generating strong immunity. The objective of this review is to spread awareness among people regarding the significant role of lifestyle management in the development of strong immunity against COVID-19.

Methods:
All the information regarding different aspects of lifestyle management and COVID-19 was gathered through an exhaustive literature survey of books and scientific resources.

Conclusion:
The mortality and severity in the cases of COVID are many-a-times associated with low immunity. The virus is also getting mutated and may override the vaccine’s effectiveness. Hence, strong immunity plays a key role in supporting people, especially those with co-morbid health conditions, for the prevention of COVID-19 and that can be achieved by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training during Nephrology Fellowship
Authors: Moore Catherine A. , Ross Daniel W. , Pivert Kurtis A. , Lang Valerie J. , Sozio Stephen M. , O’Neill W. Charles 
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)—performed by a clinician during a patient encounter and used in patient assessment and care planning—has many potential applications in nephrology. Yet, US nephrologists have been slow to adopt POCUS, which may affect the training of nephrology fellows. This study sought to identify the current state of POCUS training and implementation in nephrology fellowships.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Concise survey instruments measuring attitudes toward POCUS, its current use, fellow competence, and POCUS curricula were disseminated to (1) 912 US nephrology fellows taking the 2021 Nephrology In-Training Examination and (2) 229 nephrology training program directors and associate program directors. Fisher exact, chi-squared, and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the frequencies of responses and the average responses between fellows and training program directors/associate program directors when possible.

Results
Fellow and training program directors/associate program directors response rates were 69% and 37%, respectively. Only 38% of fellows (240 respondents) reported receiving POCUS education during their fellowship, and just 33% of those who did receive POCUS training reported feeling competent to use POCUS independently. Similarly, just 23% of training program directors/associate program directors indicated that they had a POCUS curriculum in place, although 74% of training program directors and associate program directors indicated that a program was in development or that there was interest in creating a POCUS curriculum. Most fellow and faculty respondents rated commonly covered POCUS topics—including dialysis access imaging and kidney biopsy—as “important” or “very important,” with the greatest interest in diagnostic kidney ultrasound. Guided scanning with an instructor was the highest-rated teaching strategy. The most frequently reported barrier to POCUS program development was the lack of available instructors.

Conclusions
Despite high trainee and faculty interest in POCUS, the majority of current nephrology fellows are not receiving POCUS training. Hands-on training guided by an instructor is highly valued, yet availability of adequately trained instructors remains a barrier to program development.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2022_09_21_CJN01850222.mp3.
AN INITIAL STUDY OF IMPERATA CYLINDRICA LEAVES POTENTIAL AS HERBAL MEDICINAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: DHIANAWATY DIAH , . RUSLIN 
Published: September 2022

Objective: In traditional medicines, Imperata cylindrica (hereinafter referred to as I. cylindrica) roots are more frequently used than its leaves. The aim of this study was to determine three parameters, namely the content of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of I. cylindrica leaves and roots extracts. Then, root extract parameters were used as a comparison to evaluate the benefits of I. cylindrica leaves as herbal medicine.
Methods: The total polyphenol content was measured by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content was measured by using aluminium chloride method due to measure the antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-method 2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) method. All methods used visible spectrophotometry.
Results: The percentages of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and IC50 of antioxidant activity of I. cylindrica leaves extract were 8.1 % (GAE), 2.1% (QE) and 80 ppm, respectively. Then, the measurement results of I. cylindrica roots extract showed the percentages of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and IC50 of antioxidant activity were 1.13% (GAE), 0.28% (QE) and 368 ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: The result showed that I. cylindrica leaves extract contained phenolic compounds and flavonoids and had antioxidant activity. The three phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity, have been shown to have effects on health. Therefore, the potential of I. cylindrica leaves utilization as herbal medicine can be promoted more widely.
Pengembangan Media Film Pendek “ASA” sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Aminah Siti , Setiawan Antonius Ian Bayu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT This study aims to develop the Short Movie “ASA” for media for guidance and counseling services to prevent sexual violence in high school. This research uses a Research and Development procedure. Based on the material expert’s assessment, the media obtained 94,4% with a decent category. Moreover, the media expert’s assessment showed 87,5 with a decent category. The result of the user test assessment is 92,27% in the decent category. In conclusion, the short movie “ASA” is decent for media guidance and counseling services to prevent sexual violence in high school. ABSTRACT This study is guidance counselling action research (PTBK) which was done in SMP Negeri 1 Paciran. Focus of this research is solving students’ lateness to school which was found in SMP Negeri 1 Paciran. The subject of this research is five students who came late. They got group counselling service to solve their problem. In addition, PTBK in this study contained two cycles which was done for eight weeks. The result of this PTBK shows that group counselling treatment can be used to solve students’ lateness to school. Keywords: group counselling service, lateness, PTBK
The Anticipation of #MeToo in J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace
Authors: Smith Craig 
Published: September 2022

In this article, I reconsider J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace, often interpreted in the context of South Africa’s transition to post apartheid life and with an eye to the nation’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, by instead reading it in light of the international twenty first century MeToo movement. I contend that, in retrospect, Disgrace both demonstrates affinities with MeToo and proleptically envisions, from the postcolonial periphery, the contours of the movement decades before its forceful emergence as a watershed moment in the West. Disgrace tells a story echoed in many MeToo accounts, depicting the public exposure and fall from grace of a privileged white man following his sexual exploitation of a non white student. My interests lie not in the matter of David Lurie’s potential redemption; rather, I explore Coetzee’s exposure of the persistence of institutionalized gendered and racial privileges through moments of historical transformation. I argue that Disgrace’s highlighting of its own unnarrated perspectives anticipates the forceful challenge to a lingering white heterosexual hegemony that characterizes MeToo, while at the same time exposing the perpetual marginalization of non white and non Western traumas in discourses of transitional justice in South Africa and globally.
Bilateral and Multilateral Treaties
Authors: Office of the Chief State Law Advisor  
Published: September 2022

Bilateral agreements signed or that entered into force between 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 and; Multilateral agreements signed/acceded/ratified or that entered into force between 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021.
Please note: The information contained in this document reflects the records in the South African Treaty Register as at the date of search, or the date of this document, whichever is applicable. While every reasonable effort is made to ensure the correctness of the information contained herein, parties relying thereon are advised to verify important facts independently in the event that the information is required for critical purposes.
Retraction Notice: ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility for the Financing of Entities Involved in Core Crimes: Aiding and Abetting’
Authors: Editor The 
Published: September 2022

We, the Editors and Publishers of The Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa, have retracted the following article:
Laura Ausserladscheider Jonas and Dire Tladi, ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility for the Financing of Entities Involved in Core Crimes: Aiding and Abetting’ 54(1) 2021Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa <https://doi.org/10.25159/2522-3062/8604>
Following its publication, it was brought to our attention that this article contains significant overlap, in the form of continuous paragraphs and their accompanying footnotes, with the following chapter:
Manuel J. Venturas, ‘Aiding and Abetting’ in Jérôme de Hemptinne, Robert Roth, Elies van Sliedregt, Marjolein Cupido, Manuel J. Ventura and Lachezar Yanev (eds), Modes of Liability in International Criminal Law (Cambridge University Press, 2019) <https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108678957.007> The journal article ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility’ reproduced significant parts of the chapter in Modes of Liability without appropriate attributions or citations.
The second author, Dire Tladi, has requested to be dissociated from the publication.
We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. The cover page only of the retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked as “Retracted.”
Paradoxes of Prostitution in Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Petals of Blood
Authors: Annin Felicia 
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the contradictions surrounding the prostitute figure in Ngugi’s Petals of Blood (1977). The figure of the prostitute is a striking issue in Ngugi’s oeuvre. As a Marxist advocate, Ngugi writes about post-colonialism, anti-colonialism and anti-capitalism in his essays, novels and plays. Ngugi views romantic love as pure, hence not to be soiled or dirtied by material gains. This paper considers the question of material concerns in the romantic relationship through the way in which the prostitute is figured in Petals of Blood. By applying a qualitative descriptive method, the study will enter into a conversation with other African works, which explore intimate relationships in exchange for material benefits. In these contexts, material concerns do not devalue an idealised love, but are part of the love relationship. However, in Petals of Blood, Ngugi presents “transactional sex” as a means of financial survival among young girls in Kenyan society. In the novel, the woman figure capitalises on her power of sexuality to meliorate herself but ends up enslaved by the male counterpart.
The Role of Social Work in Advancing Capacity in Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Kingdom of Eswatini
Authors: Kebede Wassie , Dlamini Clement , Drolet Julie , Nicholas David 
Published: September 2022

This reflection article, which positions itself within an ecological systems approach, focuses on advancing the capacity for effective responses to autism spectrum disorder in Eswatini. Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with impacts ranging from mild to severe. Knowledge about this condition in Africa is limited, as exemplified by a very small body of research conducted in African countries. This article presents the developmental work underway in the Kingdom of Eswatini to raise awareness and to build capacity in autism spectrum disorder. It focuses on (1) increased understanding and recognition of the need and direction for capacity-building, (2) collective learning for proactive change, (3) policy and practice advancement, and (4) disciplinary development in social work in the service of this advancement. Recommendations for ongoing advancement are offered.