bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smokers show increased fear responses towards safety signals during fear generalization, independent from acute smoking
Authors: Mueller Madeleine , Weisser Smilla , Rauh Jonas , Haaker Jan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSmoking is highly prevalent among patients with anxiety disorders. Previous studies suggest that smokers show altered fear learning as compared to non-smokers. To test the effect of acute smoking on fear learning and generalization, we conducted a fear learning experiment online. 202 healthy subjects learned to differentiate a danger and a safe cue on day 1 and were tested for generalization of threat responses 24 h later. To see if the timing of smoking impacts fear learning, we formed three smoker groups with manipulations of acute smoking and withdrawal at different time-points (each group: n = 46) and one non-smoker control group (n = 64). Smoking manipulations contained a 6 h withdrawal after fear learning, smoking directly before or after fear learning. We found no group differences between smoker manipulation groups for fear learning or generalization. However, we found differences in fear generalization between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers showed increased fear ratings towards the stimulus that has been learned as safe and higher US expectancy to stimuli similar to the safe stimulus, when compared to non-smokers. Smoking might constitute a risk factor for impaired discrimination between danger and safety and smoking restrictions could be an effective way to reduce the risks of development or maintenance of anxiety disorders.
Lab-on-chip assay of tumour markers and human papilloma virus for cervical cancer detection at the point-of-care
Authors: Wormald Benjamin W. , Moser Nicolas , deSouza Nandita M. , Mantikas Katerina-Theresa , Malpartida-Cardenas Kenny , Pennisi Ivana , Ind Thomas E. J. , Vroobel Katherine , Kalofonou Melpomeni , Rodriguez-Manzano Jesus , Georgiou Pantelis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCervical cancer affects over half a million people worldwide each year, the majority of whom are in resource-limited settings where cytology screening is not available. As persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infections are a key causative factor, detection of HPV strains now complements cytology where screening services exist. This work demonstrates the efficacy of a handheld Lab-on-Chip (LoC) device, with an external sample extraction process, in detecting cervical cancer from biopsy samples. The device is based on Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) sensors used in combination with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays, to amplify HPV DNA and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA. These markers were selected because of their high levels of expression in cervical cancer cells, but low to nil expression in normal cervical tissue. The achieved analytical sensitivity for the molecular targets resolved down to a single copy per reaction for the mRNA markers, achieving a limit of detection of 102 for hTERT. In the tissue samples, HPV-16 DNA was present in 4/5 malignant and 2/5 benign tissues, with HPV-18 DNA being present in 1/5 malignant and 1/5 benign tissues. hTERT mRNA was detected in all malignant and no benign tissues, with the demonstrated pilot data to indicate the potential for using the LoC in cervical cancer screening in resource-limited settings on a large scale.
Effects of temperature and magnetization on the Mott–Anderson physics in one-dimensional disordered systems
Authors: Canella G. A. , Zawadzki K. , França V. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe investigate the Mott–Anderson physics in interacting disordered one-dimensional chains through the average single-site entanglement quantified by the linear entropy, which is obtained via density-functional theory calculations. We show that the minimum disorder strength required to the so-called full Anderson localization—characterized by the real-space localization of pairs—is strongly dependent on the interaction regime. The degree of localization is found to be intrinsically related to the interplay between the correlations and the disorder potential. In magnetized systems, the minimum entanglement characteristic of the full Anderson localization is split into two, one for each of the spin species. We show that although all types of localization eventually disappear with increasing temperature, the full Anderson localization persists for higher temperatures than the Mott-like localization.
Surrogate vascular input function measurements from the superior sagittal sinus are repeatable and provide tissue-validated kinetic parameters in brain DCE-MRI
Authors: Lewis Daniel , Zhu Xiaoping , Coope David J. , Zhao Sha , King Andrew T. , Cootes Timothy , Jackson Alan , Li Ka-loh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccurate vascular input function (VIF) derivation is essential in brain dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. The optimum site for VIF estimation is, however, debated. This study sought to compare VIFs extracted from the internal carotid artery (ICA) and its branches with an arrival-corrected vascular output function (VOF) derived from the superior sagittal sinus (VOFSSS). DCE-MRI datasets from sixty-six patients with different brain tumours were retrospectively analysed and plasma gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) concentration-time curves used to extract VOF/VIFs from the SSS, the ICA, and the middle cerebral artery. Semi-quantitative parameters across each first-pass VOF/VIF were compared and the relationship between these parameters and GBCA dose was evaluated. Through a test–retest study in 12 patients, the repeatability of each semiquantitative VOF/VIF parameter was evaluated; and through comparison with histopathological data the accuracy of kinetic parameter estimates derived using each VOF/VIF and the extended Tofts model was also assessed. VOFSSS provided a superior surrogate global input function compared to arteries, with greater contrast-to-noise (p < 0.001), higher peak (p < 0.001, repeated-measures ANOVA), and a greater sensitivity to interindividual plasma GBCA concentration. The repeatability of VOFSSS derived semi-quantitative parameters was good to excellent (ICC = 0.717–0.888) outperforming arterial based approaches. In contrast to arterial VIFs, kinetic parameters obtained using a SSS derived VOF permitted detection of intertumoural differences in both microvessel surface area and cell density within resected tissue specimens. These results support the usage of an arrival-corrected VOFSSS as a surrogate vascular input function for kinetic parameter mapping in brain DCE-MRI.
The emergence of a new sex-system (XX/XY1Y2) suggests a species complex in the “monotypic” rodent Oecomys auyantepui (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae)
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Willam , Rosa Celina Coelho , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm Andrew , O’Brien Patricia Caroline Mary , Saldanha Juliane , Rossi Rogério Vieira , Pieczarka Julio Cesar , Nagamachi Cleusa Yoshiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractX-autosome translocation (XY1Y2) has been reported in distinct groups of vertebrates suggesting that the rise of a multiple sex system within a species may act as a reproductive barrier and lead to speciation. The viability of this system has been linked with repetitive sequences located between sex and autosomal portions of the translocation. Herein, we investigate Oecomys auyantepui, using chromosome banding and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with telomeric and Hylaeamys megacephalus whole-chromosome probes, and phylogenetic reconstruction using mtDNA and nuDNA sequences. We describe an amended karyotype for O. auyantepui (2n = 64♀65♂/FNa = 84) and report for the first time a multiple sex system (XX/XY1Y2) in Oryzomyini rodents. Molecular data recovered O. auyantepui as a monophyletic taxon with high support and cytogenetic data indicate that O. auyantepui may exist in two lineages recognized by distinct sex systems. The Neo-X exhibits repetitive sequences located between sex and autosomal portions, which would act as a boundary between these two segments. The G-banding comparisons of the Neo-X chromosomes of other Sigmodontinae taxa revealed a similar banding pattern, suggesting that the autosomal segment in the Neo-X can be shared among the Sigmodontinae lineages with a XY1Y2 sex system.
Growth differentiation factor 15 as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic marker for autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Arinaga-Hino Teruko , Ide Tatsuya , Akiba Jun , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Kuwahara Reiichiro , Amano Keisuke , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Sano Tomoya , Inoue Eisuke , Koga Hironori , Mitsuyama Keiichi , Koga Yasutoshi , Torimura Takuji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGrowth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been reported to be associated with fibrosis and cancer in liver disease. Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is often difficult because of the lack of specific markers. We investigated whether GDF15 is useful for diagnosing AIH and determined its therapeutic effects. We enrolled 171 Japanese patients as follows: AIH (n = 45), hepatitis B (HB) (n = 17), hepatitis C (HC) (n = 15), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (n = 20), and 74 healthy controls. Serum GDF15 levels were measured, and immunohistological analyses of GDF15 were performed using liver tissue of AIH patients. (1) GDF15 levels (pg/ml) were higher in AIH (1994.3 ± 1258.0) and HC (1568.0 ± 822.3) than in HB (953.2 ± 871.4), PBC (643.9 ± 247.0), and controls (475.3 ± 145.3) (p < 0.0001), as well as in cirrhosis patients (n = 31) than in non-cirrhosis patients (n = 66) (1926.6 ± 1026.0 vs. 1249.1 ± 1124.1, p < 0.0001). In non-cirrhosis patients, GDF15 levels were higher in AIH (1914.0 ± 1327.2) than in HC (955.7 ± 502.7), HB (519.3 ± 197.5), and PBC (643.9 ± 247.0) (p < 0.0001). (2) GDF15 was positively correlated with M2BPGi (r = 0.7728), total bilirubin (r = 0.6231), and PT-INR (r = 0.6332). (3) GDF15 levels could be used to distinguish AIH from other liver diseases in non-cirrhosis patients, with an area under the curve of 0.9373 (sensitivity 93.6%, specificity 79.3%, cut-off value 931.3). (4) GDF15 in AIH decreased after treatment. (5) Immunohistological analyses in AIH liver tissues revealed that GDF15 was strongly expressed in inflammatory cells, hepatic cytoplasm, and sinusoidal endothelial cells, but decreased after treatment. GDF15 is a novel diagnostic marker for AIH and is also expected to be a therapeutic marker for AIH.Clinical Trials Registration: The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of Kurume University (Approval No.: 19049).
Intra- and interspecies competition of blackgrass and wheat in the context of herbicidal resistance and environmental conditions in Poland
Authors: Wenda-Piesik Anna , Synowiec Agnieszka , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Wrzesińska Barbara , Podsiadło Cezary , Domaradzki Krzysztof , Kuc Piotr , Kwiecińska-Poppe Ewa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.), one of the most aggressive grass weeds in Europe, is also a strong competitor of crops. This study aimed to assess the impact of environmental conditions on the competition between (1) ACC-ase and ALS herbicide-resistant (BR) and herbicide-susceptible (BS) blackgrass biotypes, (2) BR and winter wheat cv. Arkadia (W), and (3) BS and W. In the replacement series model, the experiment was conducted at seven sites across Poland during two seasons (2018/19 and 2019/20). In the BR-BS experiment, the BS biotype was in majority more competitive toward the BR biotype. However, in the regime of optimal hydrothermal conditions and at a higher sand content in the soil we observed a higher competitiveness of BR towards BS. The combined interactions between W and BR or BS were also affected by environmental conditions, i.e., soil texture and hydrothermal coefficient, as explained by PCA and k-means cluster analysis. At most sites, W was more competitive toward both BS and BR, which could result from earlier emergence of W in relation to B in majority of sites. Except for two cases, located on heavy, clay soils, during humid seasons, where B was more competitive toward W. We summarize that blackgrass competitiveness towards other biotypes and wheat depends to some extent on environmental conditions; however, the phenomenon should be explored in more detail.
Pyruvate kinase M1 regulates butyrate metabolism in cancerous colonocytes
Authors: Park Bohye , Kim Ji Yeon , Riffey Olivia F. , Dowker-Key Presley , Bruckbauer Antje , McLoughlin James , Bettaieb Ahmed , Donohoe Dallas R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) cells shift metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis and away from using oxidative substrates such as butyrate. Pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM) is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step in glycolysis, which converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. M1 and M2 are alternatively spliced isoforms of the Pkm gene. The PKM1 isoform promotes oxidative metabolism, whereas PKM2 enhances aerobic glycolysis. We hypothesize that the PKM isoforms are involved in the shift away from butyrate oxidation towards glycolysis in CRC cells. Here, we find that PKM2 is increased and PKM1 is decreased in human colorectal carcinomas as compared to non-cancerous tissue. To test whether PKM1/2 alter colonocyte metabolism, we created a knockdown of PKM2 and PKM1 in CRC cells to analyze how butyrate oxidation and glycolysis would be impacted. We report that butyrate oxidation in CRC cells is regulated by PKM1 levels, not PKM2. Decreased butyrate oxidation observed through knockdown of PKM1 and PKM2 is rescued through re-addition of PKM1. Diminished PKM1 lowered mitochondrial basal respiration and decreased mitochondrial spare capacity. We demonstrate that PKM1 suppresses glycolysis and inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. These data suggest that reduced PKM1 is, in part, responsible for increased glycolysis and diminished butyrate oxidation in CRC cells.
Titanium matrix composites reinforced with biogenic filler
Authors: Zglobicka Izabela , Zybala Rafal , Kaszyca Kamil , Molak Rafal , Wieczorek Monika , Recko Katarzyna , Fiedoruk Barbara , Kurzydlowski Krzysztof J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNovel metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been fabricated with Ti6Al4V matrix and a biogenic ceramic filler in the form of diatomaceous earth (DE). Mixtures of DE and Ti6Al4V powders were consolidated by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. Microstructure of the consolidated samples has been investigated with microscopic techniques and XRD. Thermomechanical characteristics have been obtained using small-sample techniques. The results obtained indicate that the fabricated composites show outstanding mechanical and thermal properties due to synergic effects between the filler and the matrix (beyond the rule of mixtures).
Myelin characteristics of the corpus callosum in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) across the lifespan
Authors: Watson Chase M. , Sherwood Chet C. , Phillips Kimberley A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe midsagittal area of the corpus callosum (CC) is frequently studied in relation to brain development, connectivity, and function. Here we quantify myelin characteristics from electron microscopy to understand more fully differential patterns of white matter development occurring within the CC. We subdivided midsagittal regions of the CC into: I—rostrum and genu, II—rostral body, III—anterior midbody, IV—posterior midbody, and V—isthmus and splenium. The sample represented capuchin monkeys ranging in age from 2 weeks to 35 years (Sapajus[Cebus]apella,n = 8). Measurements of myelin thickness, myelin fraction, and g-ratio were obtained in a systematic random fashion. We hypothesized there would be a period of rapid myelin growth within the CC in early development. Using a locally weighted regression analysis (LOESS), we found regional differences in myelin characteristics, with posterior regions showing more rapid increases in myelin thickness and sharper decreases in g-ratio in early development. The most anterior region showed the most sustained growth in myelin thickness. For all regions over the lifespan, myelin fraction increased, plateaued, and decreased. These results suggest differential patterns of nonlinear myelin growth occur early in development and well into adulthood in the CC of capuchin monkeys.
Soliton linear-wave scattering in a Kerr microresonator
Authors: Qureshi Pierce C. , Ng Vincent , Azeem Farhan , Trainor Luke S. , Schwefel Harald G. L. , Coen Stéphane , Erkintalo Miro , Murdoch Stuart G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe nonlinear scattering of a linear optical wave from a conservative soliton has been widely studied in optical fibers as a mechanism for nonlinear frequency conversion. Here we extend this analysis to consider the scattering of an externally injected probe wave from a dissipative cavity soliton circulating in a Kerr microresonator. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that this nonlinear interaction can be harnessed for useful expansion of the soliton frequency comb via the formation of a secondary idler comb. We explore the physics of the process, showing that the phase detuning of the injected probe from a cavity resonance plays a key role in setting the central frequency of the idler comb, thus providing a convenient parameter through which to control the spectral envelope of that comb. Our results elucidate the dynamics that govern the interactions between dissipative Kerr cavity solitons and externally injected probe waves, and could prove useful in the design of future Kerr frequency comb systems by enabling the possibility to provide high-power comb lines in a specified spectral region simply through the injection of a suitably chosen probe.
Dynamic pricing of differentiated products with incomplete information based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Wang Cheng , Cui Senbing , Wu Runhua , Wang Ziteng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of the social economy, consumer demand is evolving towards diversification. To satisfy market demand, enterprises tend to improve competitiveness by providing differentiated products. How to price differentiated products becomes a hot topic. Traditionally, customers' preferences are assumed to be independent and identically distributed. With a known distribution, companies can easily make pricing decisions for differentiated products. However, such an assumption may be invalid in practice, especially for rapidly updating products. In this paper, a dynamic pricing policy for differentiated products with incomplete information is developed. An adaptive multi‐armed bandit algorithm based on reinforcement learning is proposed to balance exploration and exploitation. Numerical examples show that the frequency of price adjustment affects the total profit significantly. Specifically, the more chances to adjust the price, the higher the total profit. Furthermore, experiments show that the dynamic pricing policy proposed in this paper outperforms other algorithms, such as Softmax and UCB1.
Ionizing radiation metrology at the service of health: quality control of radiopharmaceutical dose calibrators in nuclear medicine unit -accurarcy, reproducibility and linearity tests-
Authors: Belhaj Omaima Essaad , Belhaj Siham , Elkhoukhi Tahar , Rabie Mohamed , Elmahjoub Chakir , Bentaleb Naoual , Bellahsaouia Meryem , Boukhal Hamid 
Published: May 2022

Ensuring the effective use of a dose calibrator used for the practice of nuclear medicine, and the injection of the correct dose to the patient is the subject of a long traceable calibration chain, which serves to establish the relationship between the values of the activity indicated by the dose calibrator and the activity corresponding to ISO 2919 certified sealed sources whose activity is known with an uncertainty of less than 1 %.
Our calibration program consists in carrying out various quality control on the CRC 55TR activimeter, namely the daily control which is carried out in the absence of any radioactive source, then the fidelity control carried out by a source of 37Cs and a source of 60Co, then the reproducibility check performed with a 137Cs source, and finally the linearity check performed with a 99mTc source.
In our case the results obtained from the specific tests used to verify the proper functioning of the Capintec CRC 55tR activimeter in a nuclear medicine service in Morocco, shows an agreement with international standards so that the measurement of activities is done with significant results, in addition, to guarantee the metrological quality of the measurements delivered, Our laboratory registers in an accreditation process according to ISO 17025.
Du microbiote humain à l’antibiotique de demain
Authors: Herrou Camille , Mom Jeremy , Nasri Ihsane , Turrini Elsa , Aussel Laurent 
Published: May 2022

Dans le cadre de l’unité d’enseignement « Rédiger en sciences » proposée par Aix-Marseille Université, les étudiants du Master 2 Microbiologie Intégrative et Fondamentale (MIF) - en partenariat avec l’Institut de Microbiologie, Bioénergies et Biotechnologie (IM2B) - ont été confrontés aux exigences de l’écriture scientifique. Trois thématiques leur ont été proposées en relation étroite avec les laboratoires de recherche du tissu local : les bactériophages, la biologie des mycobactéries et les bactériocines. Les étudiants ont ainsi rédigé une nouvelle soulignant les résultats majeurs et l’originalité des articles étudiés. Complétée par un entretien avec leurs auteurs, l’ensemble offre un éclairage original sur la compréhension du vivant dans le domaine de la microbiologie et de la santé.
Usefulness of Curcuma longa in the Cases of Functional Dyspepsia—A Parallel Arm-Controlled Study
Authors: Rajvanshy Tanuj , Sharma Humani 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Functional dyspepsia is one of the common gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. This prospective experimental, randomised, single-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at SKHMC, Jaipur, for a period of 1 year (March 2018–March 2019) with a 3 -month intervention and follow-up period, aiming to ascertain the usefulness of Curcuma longa in the cases of functional dyspepsia.
Materials and Methods In this study, after screening of 220 patients using ROME III diagnostic criteria, 88 cases of functional dyspepsia fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included and enrolled in the study in a ratio of 1:1. Assuming 10% drop-outs to obtain 80 evaluable cases, that is, 40 cases were randomly allocated to experimental group (Curcuma longa), while another 40 cases were allocated to controlled group (Placebo). Both the arms followed dietary and lifestyle modifications. Usefulness of homoeopathic medicine and placebo in cases with functional dyspepsia on day 35 was compared with baseline. Potency used was 30 CH. Assessment and reassessment were done using gastrointestinal symptom (GIS) score.
Results Eighty cases completed the study, in (50%) subjects marked improvement was seen in 12 (30%) cases in Curcuma longa group and 00(0%) cases in placebo group, moderate improvement was seen in 8 (20%) cases in Curcuma longa and 01 (2.5%) in placebo group, mild improvement was seen in 6 (15%) cases in Curcuma longa and 2 (5%) cases in placebo group, no relief was seen in 14 (35%) cases in Curcuma longa and 37 (92.5%) cases in placebo group. Functional dyspepsia is found in middle-aged persons of 36 to 45 years, with predominance in females. To analyse the change in the GIS scores of symptoms of functional dysplasia, paired t-test was applied for both treatment group and control group. It was observed from the paired t-test result that there is a one-point increase in the pre- and post-average GIS score (from 28.65 to 29.65) in the control group and it is not statistically significant (t = −0.760 and p = .452). Whereas there is 13.3-point decrease (from 29.55 to 16.25) in the treatment group and it is statistically significant (t = 9.347 and p = 0.000).
Conclusion It indicates medicine is effective in lowering down the GIS score, which was statistically significant to conclude that homoeopathic medicine Curcuma longa was effective in the cases of functional dyspepsia.