bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colostrum Antibodies and Cytokines in Puerperal Women with Diabetes
Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guerra Rosane Nassar Meireles , dos Santos Cunha Cláudia Regina Silva , Fort Marcela Patrícia Macêdo Belo , Rafael Eremita Val , Santos Rebeca Aranha Arrais e Silva , Lima-Aragão Mônica Virginia Viegas , Silva Mayara Cristina Pinto , Nascimento Flávia Raquel Fernandes 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Breastfeeding maintains the maternal-fetal immune link after birth, favors
the transmission of immunological competence, and is considered an important contributing factor
to the development of the babies’ immune system.

Objective:
This study aimed to obtain data related to the effects of gestational diabetes on immunoglobulin
A (IgA) and cytokines levels in the colostrum, before and during the pandemic of the
new coronavirus, in order to study the possible outcomes regarding the immunological characteristics
of human milk.

Methods:
This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO CRD42020212397, and the question
elaborated using the PICO strategy was: does maternal hyperglycemia associated or not with
Covid-19 influence the immunological composition of colostrum? Electronic searching and reference
lists of published reports were used to identify studies that reported the influence of gestational
diabetes on colostrum and milk composition.

Results:
Seven studies were selected from the 51 found, six of them were cross-sectional and one
was a case report. Six studies included Brazilian groups and only one was conducted in USA. The
mothers with gestational diabetes presented a reduced level of IgA and other immunoreactive proteins
in colostrum. Those alterations could be related to changes in macronutrient metabolism and
cellular oxidative metabolism.

Conclusions:
It was possible to conclude that diabetes changes the immunological composition of
breast milk; however, data on the impact of the association between gestational diabetes and
Covid-19 infection on the composition of antibodies and cytokines present in human milk are still
scarce and inconclusive.
A Review on State-of-the-Art Techniques for Image Segmentation and
Classification for Brain MR Images
Authors: S. U Aswathy , Abraham Ajith 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:
The diagnosis of tumors in the initial stage plays a crucial role in improving the clinical
outcomes of a patient. Evaluation of brain tumors from many MRI images generated regularly in a
clinical environment is a complex and time-consuming process. Therefore,there comes a need for an
efficient and accurate model for the early detection of tumors. This paper revolves around the current
strategies used for brain tumor segmentation and classification from MRI images of the brain. This
approach also tries to pave the way for the significance of their performance measure and quantitative
evaluation of forefront strategies. This state of the art clearly describes the importance of several brain
image segmentation and classification methodsduring the past 13 years of publication by various researchers.
In this instance, new calculations are being made for potential clients to analyze the concerned
area of research. This review acknowledges the key accomplishments expressed in the diagnostic
measures and their success indicators of qualitative and quantitative measurement. This research
study also explores the key outcomes and reasons for finding the lessons learned.
A Novel Biosensor for Detecting Vitamin C in Milk Powder Based on Hg2+-
Mediated DNA Structural Changes
Authors: Zhang Xingping , Wang Jiujun , Yang Hualin , Zhou Yu 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Detection of Vitamin C (Vc) is very important to protect human health. A
lot of methods have been developed for the detection of Vc. However, many methods require complex
material preparation and skilled operators. Thus, a simple, label-free biosensor is still urgently
needed.

Methods:
In this work, N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM)/G-quadruplex pair was used as a labelfree
signal reporter. Without Vc, the G-quadruplex DNA and its incomplete complementary chain
could form a duplex structure by T-Hg(II)-T mismatch. In this case, the G-quadruplex structure
could not be formed. When Vc was added, the Hg2+ was reduced to Hg(0). Then, the G-quadruplex
DNA became free and formed a G-quadruplex structure to emit fluorescence signals.

Results:
Under optimal conditions, this biosensor showed a good linear response in the range of 0.2
- 4.0 μM and a low limit of detection (19.9 nM). This biosensor also had good selectivity towards
Vc. Meanwhile, the satisfactory recovery rates (93.2%-102.8%) suggested that this biosensor had
potential for measuring Vc in real samples.

Conclusion:
In this work, a simple label-free fluorescent biosensor for the detection of Vc based on
Hg2+-mediated DNA structural changes had been developed. The whole experiment was simple and
all reagents were commercialized. The label-free detection was realized by NMM/G-quadruplex as
a signal reporter. This biosensor was very sensitive with a low limit of detection. It had a potential
practical application for Vc detection in milk powder.
Nanotechnology as a Promising Approach for Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment of Food Allergens
Authors: Rai Mahendra , Ingle Avinash P. , Yadav Alka , Golińska Patrycja , Trzcińska-Wencel Joanna , Rathod Sanjay , Bonde Shital 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Food allergy is one of the world's most serious health problems, which needs new and safer approaches to resolve it. The rapid progress of nanotechnology to tackle the problem of food allergen has generated a new hope. Nanoparticles can be used as a unique system to detect allergens. Furthermore, nanotechnology offers allergen-delivery systems based on nanoparticles as potential adjuvants for allergen-specific immunotherapy. In addition, the use of novel adjuvants using nanoparticles provides a harmless and potentially more effective way of treatment for allergic diseases. For therapeutic applications, nanotechnology-based delivery systems provide increased bioavailability and targeted delivery of food allergens. In addition, nano-based allergen-delivery approaches are mainly aimed at devising a novel and promising approach for allergy vaccines. This review discusses the potential role of nanotechnological strategies for detection, drug delivery, and the treatment of allergies.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Transcriptome
with ceRNA Networks in a Mouse Model of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Yichi , Nie Xinsheng , Jiang Yanan , Wang Lijuan , Wan Zhuzhi , Jin Hao , Pu Ronghui , Liang Meihui , Zhang Hailong , Liu Qi , Chang Yuan , Gao Yang , Yang Ningning , Jin Shizhu 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Hepatic cirrhosis is the consequence of various chronic liver disease for which there is no curative treatment. In this study, based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and subsequent bioinformatic analysis, we aim to explore the biological function of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in hepatic cirrhosis.

Methods:
The hepatic cirrhosis models were induced by the intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The transcriptome profile was aquired by RNA-seq, of which result was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were visualized by Cytoscape software. The enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were conducted.

Results:
The differentially expressed transcript of liver cirrhosis is consist of 2369 mRNAs, 374 lncRNAs, 91 circRNAs and 242 miRNAs (|log2(fold change)|≥1 and P<0.05). The RNA-seq results were highly consistent with qRT-PCR validation of DEGs (four upregulated and four down-regulated, including ENSMUSG00000047517, ENSMUST00000217449, novel-circ-001366, miR-383-5p, ENSMUSG00000078683, ENSMUST00000148206, novel-circ-002669 and miR-216a-5p). Based on ceRNA theory, a circRNA-lncRNA co-regulated ceRNA network was established. Enrichment analysis revealed the potential key regulatory process during the liver cirrhosis progression.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the present study comprehensively analyzed differentially expressed transcripts in CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis. Our findings explored the gene signatures for liver cirrhosis’ diagnosis and precise treatment.
An Overview of Conventional Drugs and Nanotherapeutic Options for the Treatment
and Management of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Yohan Andre , Jacques Christopher , Fletcher Tafaswa , Suk-in Thanaphorn , Campbell Robert B. 
Published: April 2022

:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common form of pediatric cancer affecting the lymphoblast, a
type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. In this disease, the normal lymphoblast cells transform into leukemic
cells and subsequently enter the bloodstream. Leukemic cells found in patients with ALL have shown differences
in cholesterol uptake and utilization. Current treatment consists of chemotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)
therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In addition, minimal residual disease (MRD) has become
an effective tool for measuring treatment efficacy and the potential for relapse.

:
Chemotherapy resistance remains a significant barrier in the treatment of ALL. Biomarkers such as an upregulated Akt
signaling pathway and an overexpressed VLA-4 integrin-protein have been associated with drug resistance. Nanoparticles
have been used to favorably alter the pharmacokinetic profile of conventional drug agents. These drug-delivery
systems are designed to selectively deliver their drug payloads to desired targets. Therefore, nanoparticles offer advantages
such as improved efficacy and reduced toxicity.

:
This review highlights conventional treatment options, distinctive characteristics of pediatric ALL, therapeutic challenges
encountered during therapy, and the key role that nanotherapeutics play in the treatment of ALL.
An Evolutionary Algorithm in Static Airport Gate Assignment Problem
Authors: Chow Y. T. , NG Kam K.H. , Keung K. L. 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:
Gate Assignment Problem is an existing issue at modern airports. Gate assignment is a complex issue in which different airports have their own demographic and geographic features although the gate and flight pattern are identical, and flights may not be assigned precisely to the gates.

Methods:
The gate assignment model would be a suitable and an appropriate tool for airport authorities to assign aircraft to gates in an effective and efficient way. The aim of the model is to assign each aircraft to an available gate to maximise both efficient operations for airports and airlines, and convenience for passengers. The model would benefit airports by improving efficiency of operations and convenience for travellers. The model illustrates how the resources are fully utilised, achieving an optimal result. This model applies the evolutionary approach to handle the gate assignment problem. The smart and generative algorithm speeds up the solving process for providing the solution within a reasonable time.

Results:
This model can reduce the business class travellers’ total walking distance by optimising the utilisation of gate resources. This has been was applied at the Taiwan Taipei Taoyuan International Airport and the results have shown an improvement in minimising the total walking distances, and the results for business class travellers are promising.

Conclusion:
A metropolitan airport usually handles more than thirty boarding gates and hundreds of flights every day. Gate assignment can help an airport to assign the gates to the flights more effectively, with the advancement of genetic algorithms. The gate assignment problem model performed a successful assignment solution within an acceptable timeframe. The proposed evolutionary algorithm gate assignment model could reduce the business class passengers’ total walking distances.
Examining Housing as a Determinant of Health: Closing the ‘Poverty Gap’ to Improve Outcomes for Women in Affordable Housing
Authors: Katrina Milaney , Meaghan Bell , Kaylee Ramage , Christina Screpnechuk , Courtney Petruik 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Access to housing is an important social determinant of health and has a positive influence on health outcomes. In one large municipal city in Western Canada, over 12,000 units of affordable housing are available to support low-income individuals.

Objectives:
However, little is known about resident experiences living in affordable housing, how affordable housing affects their movements through the housing continuum (i.e., from housing instability to stability), how affordable housing affects their lives and the lives of their families, and how gender factors into these questions.

Methods:
The current study, part of the larger quantitative project, involved a survey with 160 residents of affordable housing units in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Results:
The results show that few gender differences exist in demographic factors such as age, income, and ethnicity. However, important differences exist in the experiences of women versus men, including employment status, barriers to employment, parenting, trajectory of affordable housing residency, and reasons for accessing affordable housing in the first place.

Conclusion:
We argue that gendered supports to reduce barriers to sustainable employment must be embedded in affordable housing programs and coupled with low or no cost childcare and supports to heal from trauma in order to break cycles of dependency for women and their children. This research builds on the scant Canadian literature that examines characteristics and experiences in affordable housing using a gender-lens.
Risk Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Among Men; A Study of South Africa
Authors: Mlondo Muziwandile Nhlakanipho , Melesse Sileshi Fanta , Mwambi Henry G 
Published: April 2022

Background:One of the public health problems all over the world is tuberculosis. An important factor for human well-being is good health. Worldwide, there are more cases of men with tuberculosis than women. Therefore, identifying risk factors associated with tuberculosis among men is essential. This study uses a survey logistic regression model to identify risk factors associated with tuberculosis in South Africa using the 2016 South African Demographic Health Survey data.Methods:Based on the fact that tuberculosis status is a binary variable, logistic regression and survey logistics were used for analysis.Results and Conclusion:The findings using the survey logistic model are presented. The results suggest that a survey logistic model that accounts for complex sampling design is better than logistic regression. The findings from the study show that the risk factors associated with tuberculosis are: chronic disease, current age, region, race, number of times away from home, marital status, weight, smoking status, the interaction effect of chronic disease and age, and the interaction effect of smoking status and number of household members. These factors can be used to implement strategies for reducing the risk of having tuberculosis.
Unravelling Micro and Nano Vesicular System in Intranasal Drug Delivery
for Epilepsy
Authors: Salave Sagar , Rana Dhwani , Pardhe Rupali , Bule Prajakta , Benival Derajram 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders, affecting about 50
million people globally. Oral, intravenous and rectal delivery systems are available for the management
of epileptic seizures. However, intranasal delivery serves as beneficial for delivering antiepileptic
drugs owing to the advantages it offers.

Objective:
Various approaches have been developed over the years aiming to attain either a safer
or faster brain delivery; a nasal delivery system proposes significant outcomes. The noninvasiveness
and high vascularity contribute to the high permeability of the nasal mucosa, allowing
rapid drug absorption. This review highlights some promising novel approaches to efficiently deliver
anti-epileptic drugs by employing the nasal route.

Methods:
The method includes a collection of data from different search engines like PubMed,
ScienceDirect and SciFinder for obtaining appropriate and relevant literature regarding epilepsy,
intranasal delivery of anti-epileptic agents, and novel therapeutics.

Results:
The present review underlines the majority of work related to intranasal delivery in the
treatment of epilepsy, aiming to draw the attention of the researchers towards the easiest and most
efficient ways of formulation for the delivery of anti-epileptics during seizures.

Conclusion:
This review intends to provide an understanding of the delivery aspects of antiepileptic
drugs, the benefits of intranasal delivery and the novel approaches employed for the
treatment of epilepsy.
Formulation Development of Azadirachta indica Extract as Nanosuppository
to Improve its Intrarectal Delivery for the Treatment of Malaria
Authors: Okeke Tochukwu Chimdindu , Umeyor Chukwuebuka Emmanuel , Nzekwe Ifeanyi Thaddeus , Umeyor Immaculeta Chikamnele , Nebolisa Ngozi Maryann , Uronnachi Emmanuel Maduabuchi , Nwakile Calistus Dozie , Ekweogu Chizoba Austinline , Aziakpono Omoirri Moses , Attama Anthony Amaechi 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Previous folkloric and experimental reports have demonstrated the antimalarial
efficacy of Azadirachta indica (AZA) extracts. However, one of the major challenges facing its application
for the clinical treatment of malaria is the design of an acceptable dosage form.

Objective:
Consequently, we developed AZA extract-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for
the formulation of suppositories, denoted as nanosuppositories, for intrarectal treatment of malaria.

Methods:
Various batches of NLC-bearing AZA extract were formulated based on lipid matrices prepared
using graded concentrations of Softisan®154 and Tetracarpidium conophorum or walnut oil.
NLC was investigated by size and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Suppository bearing AZA
extract-loaded NLC was developed using cocoa butter or theobroma oil, and their physicochemical
properties were profiled. In vitro drug release and in vivo antimalarial activity (using Plasmodium
berghei-infected mice) were investigated.

Results:
NLCs exhibited sizes in nanometers ranging from 329.5 - 806.0 nm, and were amorphized as
shown by DSC thermograms. Nanosuppositories were torpedo- or bullet- shaped, weighing 138 - 368 mg,
softened/liquefied between 4.10 - 6.92 min, and had controlled release behaviour. In vivo antimalarial
study revealed excellent antimalarial efficacy of the nanosuppositories comparable with a commercial
brand (Plasmotrim®) and better than the placebo (unloaded nanosuppository), and without toxic alterations
of hepatic and renal biochemical factors.

Conclusion:
Thus, AZA extract could be rationally loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for
further development as nanosuppository and deployed as an effective alternative with optimum convenience
for intrarectal treatment of malaria.
6G and Artificial Intelligence Technologies for Dementia Care: Literature Review and Practical Analysis
Authors: Su Zhaohui , Bentley Barry L , McDonnell Dean , Ahmad Junaid , He Jiguang , Shi Feng , Takeuchi Kazuaki , Cheshmehzangi Ali , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe dementia epidemic is progressing fast. As the world’s older population keeps skyrocketing, the traditional incompetent, time-consuming, and laborious interventions are becoming increasingly insufficient to address dementia patients’ health care needs. This is particularly true amid COVID-19. Instead, efficient, cost-effective, and technology-based strategies, such as sixth-generation communication solutions (6G) and artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered health solutions, might be the key to successfully managing the dementia epidemic until a cure becomes available. However, while 6G and AI technologies hold great promise, no research has examined how 6G and AI applications can effectively and efficiently address dementia patients’ health care needs and improve their quality of life.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate ways in which 6G and AI technologies could elevate dementia care to address this study gap.MethodsA literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. The search focused on three themes: dementia, 6G, and AI technologies. The initial search was conducted on April 25, 2021, complemented by relevant articles identified via a follow-up search on November 11, 2021, and Google Scholar alerts.ResultsThe findings of the study were analyzed in terms of the interplay between people with dementia’s unique health challenges and the promising capabilities of health technologies, with in-depth and comprehensive analyses of advanced technology-based solutions that could address key dementia care needs, ranging from impairments in memory (eg, Egocentric Live 4D Perception), speech (eg, Project Relate), motor (eg, Avatar Robot Café), cognitive (eg, Affectiva), to social interactions (eg, social robots).ConclusionsTo live is to grow old. Yet dementia is neither a proper way to live nor a natural aging process. By identifying advanced health solutions powered by 6G and AI opportunities, our study sheds light on the imperative of leveraging the potential of advanced technologies to elevate dementia patients’ will to live, enrich their daily activities, and help them engage in societies across shapes and forms.