bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Crystal rocking of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloy during the Epitaxial Growth of the Additive Manufacturing Process
Authors: Zhang Dongsheng , Liu Wei , Li Yuxiao , Sun Darui , Wu Yu , Chen S. , Tao Ye , Zhang Bingbing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The understanding of dynamic process of epitaxial microstructure forming in laser additive manufacturing is of vital importance for achieving products with single crystalline texture. Here, we perform in situ, real-time synchrotron Laue diffraction experiments to capture the microsturctural evolution of nickel-based single-crystal superalloys during rapid laser remelting process. In situ synchrotron radiation Laue diffraction characterises the crystal rotation behavior and stray grains formation process. With complementary thermo-mechanical coupled finite element simulation and molecular dynamics simulation, we identify that the crystal rotation is governed by the localized heating heterogeneity induced deformation gradient, and that the subgrains rotation caused by rapid dislocation movement and complex stress field could be the major mechanism in the generation of granular stray grains at the bottom of the melt pool.
Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging Predicting Ki-67 Expression in Lung Cancer: Assessment of Optimum Slope and Energy Levels using Energy Spectrum Curve
Authors: Dou Peipei , Zhao Hengliang , Zhong Dan , Hu Yingliang , Liu Bin , Zhang Haiyan , Cao Aihong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to optimize slope and energy levels for evaluating Ki-67 expression in lung cancer using virtual monoenergetic imaging and compare the predictive efficiency of different energy spectrum slopes for Ki-67.
Material and Methods: Forty-three patients with primary lung cancer confirmed via pathological examination were enrolled in this study. They underwent baseline arterial-phase (AP) and venous-phase (VP) energy spectrum computed tomography (CT) scanning before surgery. The CT values were 40–190 keV, with 40–140 keV indicating pulmonary lesions at AP and VP, and P ＜ 0.05 indicating a statistically significant difference. An immunohistochemical examination was conducted and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the prediction performance of λHU for Ki-67 expression. SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp., NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis, and x2, t and signed-rank test were used for quantitative and qualitative analyses of data.
Results:Significant differences were reported in the corresponding CT values at 40 (40 keV is considered the best single-energy image for evaluating Ki-67 expression) and 50 keV in AP and at 40, 60, and 70 keV in VP between high- and low-Ki-67 expression groups (P < 0.05), and in λHU of the three-segment energy spectrum curve, in both AP and VP (P < 0.05). However, the VP data had greater predictive values for Ki-67; The areas under the curve were 0.859, 0.856, and 0.859, respectively.
Conclusions: The 40-keV single-energy sequence was the best single-energy sequence to evaluate the expression of Ki-67 in lung cancer and to measure λHU of the energy spectrum curve in the venous phase. The CT values had better diagnostic efficiency.
Future Climate Change in the Northern Indian Ocean as Simulated with a High-Resolution Regional Earth System Model
Authors: Sein Dmitry V. , Martyanov Stanislav D. , Dvornikov Anton Y. , Cabos William , Ryabchenko Vladimir A. , Mishra Alok K. , Limareva Natalia , Alekseeva Evgenia , Jacob Daniela , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study examines the future climate change in the South Asia region during 2070–2099 with respect to the historical period (1975–2004) under RCP8.5 scenario using a high-resolution regional earth system model. We found substantial changes in the key climatic parameters over the South Asia region including ocean biological productivity, however, the magnitude of response varies spatially. A substantial increase (> 2.5C ) in the projected annual-mean sea surface temperature (SST) is found over the Indian Ocean with the highest increase (~ 3.4C) locally in the northern part of the Arabian Sea (AS) and in the Persian Gulf. The changes in the sea surface salinity show strong spatial variability with the highest freshening over northern BoB and highest saltines over the Persian Gulf followed by northern AS. Both water temperature and salinity changes in the future climate will lead to enhanced water stratification and vertical stability of the upper ocean layers, thus hindering the vertical turbulent mixing and nutrient supply to the surface, which results in decreasing of the ocean phytoplankton primary production in the northern part of the Indian Ocean.The amount of annual-mean atmospheric precipitation will substantially increase over the eastern coast of the Bay of Bengal (up to 1.5–2.0 mm/day) and along the equator in the band 10o S − 10o N (0.5–1.5 mm/day), while it will decrease over the western part of the Bay of Bengal and in the northern states of India (-0.5–1.0 mm/day). The most pronounced increase of precipitation rate in the future climate occurs over India (3–5 mm/day) and the eastern coasts of the Bay of Bengal (> 5 mm/day) during the monsoon period, and over the equatorial band (2–3 mm/day) during the post-monsoon period.
Coherent consolidation of trillions of nucleations for mono-atom step-level flat surfaces
Authors: Ha Taewoo , Seo Yu-Seong , Kim Teun-Teun , Lamichhane Bipin , Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Su Jae , Lee Yousil , Kim Jong , Park Sang Eon , Sim Kyung Ik , Kim Jae , Kim Yong In , Kim Seon , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Young Hee , Kim Seong-Gon , Kim Young-Min , Hwang Jungseek , Jeong Se-Young 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Constructing a mono-atom step-level ultra-flat material surface is challenging, especially for thin films, because it is prohibitively difficult for trillions of clusters to coherently merge. Even though a rough metal surface, as well as the scattering of carriers at grain boundaries, limits electron transport and obscures their intrinsic properties, the importance of the flat surface has not been emphasised sufficiently. In this study, we describe in detail the initial growth of copper thin films required for mono-atom step-level flat surfaces (MSFSs). Deposition using atomic sputtering epitaxy leads to the coherent merging of trillions of islands into a coplanar layer, eventually forming an MSFS, for which the key factor is suggested to be the individual deposition of single atoms. Theoretical calculations support that single sputtered atoms ensure the formation of highly aligned nanodroplets and help them to merge into a coplanar layer. The realisation of the ultra-flat surfaces is expected to greatly assist efforts to improve quantum behaviour by increasing the coherency of electrons.
Construction of first high-density SNP genetic map and identification of QTL for the natural rubber content in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin
Authors: Yang Yushuang , Qin Bi , Chen Qiuhui , Nie Qiuhai , Zhang Jichuan , Zhang Liqun , Liu Shizhong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS) is a promising commercial alternative NR yielding plant. Cultivating TKS with a high NR content is an important breeding target, and developing molecular markers related to the NR content can effectively accelerate the breeding process of TKS.
Results
To construct a high-density SNP genetic map and uncover genomic regions related to the NR content in TKS, a F1 mapping population of TKS was constructed by crossing two parents (X51×l66) with significant differences in NR contents. The NR content of the F1 plants ranged from 0.30–15.14% and was distributed normally with a coefficient of variation of 47.61%, indicating quantitative trait inheritance. Then, employing the whole-genome resequencing (WGR), a TKS genetic linkage map of 12680 bin markers comprising 322,439 SNPs was generated. Based on the genetic map and NR content of the F1 population, six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for NR content with LOD > 4.0 were identified on LG01/Chr01 and LG06/Chr06. Of them, the 2.17 Mb genomic region between qHRC-C6-1 and qHRC-C6-2 on ChrA06, with 65.62% PVE in total, was the major QTL region. In addition, the six QTLs have significant additive genetic effects on NR content and could be used to develop markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in TKS with a high NR content.
Conclusions
This work constructed the first high-density TKS genetic map, identified the QTLs and genomic regions controlling the NR content, which provides useful information for fine mapping, map-based cloning, and MAS in TKS.
Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Polygenic Scores for Multifactorial Disease: A Narrative Review Identifying Concerns About Interpretation and Use
Authors: Chapman Carolyn Riley 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Advances in genomics have enabled the development of polygenic scores (PGS), sometimes called polygenic risk scores, in the context of multifactorial traits and diseases such as height, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mental illness. PGS are measures of an individual’s genetic predisposition, as compared to other members of a population, for conditions which are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In the context of multifactorial disease, there is significant interest in using such risk stratification afforded through genomics to improve screening, contribute to diagnosis or prognosis, guide treatment, and inform research. Yet, many acknowledge the need to thoughtfully consider and address the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of PGS. To contribute to this effort, this paper reports on a narrative review of the literature, with the aim of identifying and categorizing ELSI relating to genetic risk prediction in the context of multifactorial disease which have been raised by scholars in the field. Ninety-two articles, spanning from 1977 to 2021, met inclusion criteria for this study. Identified ELSI were categorized into nine themes: potential benefits; potential mis- or overinterpretation; the need for clear and accurate communication; potential for stigma and discrimination; potential conflicts of interest and premature commercialization; need for standards and possible regulation; concerns about equitable access; need for diversity in research; and responsible data sharing. This research will support geneticists, clinicians, genetic counselors, patients, patient advocates, and policymakers in framing out and addressing ethical concerns associated with PGS; it will also guide future empirical and normative research.
ERK Hyperactivation Represents a Unified Mechanism of Escape in Intrinsic and Acquired CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance in Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
Authors: Jagirdar Kasturee , Portuallo Marie , Wilhide Matthew , Ahmed Waqar , Wei Meihan , Robertson Bailey , Bravo Jeremy , Alicea Gretchen , Aguh Crystal , Xiao Min , Godok Tetiana , Fingerman Dylan , Brown Gregory , Herlyn Meenhard , Guo Brian , Toska Eneda , Zabransky Daniel , Wubbenhorst Bradley , Nathanson Katherine , Ji Hongkai , Liu Qin , Rebecca Vito 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Patients with metastatic acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) suffer worse outcomes relative to patients with other forms of cutaneous melanoma (CM), and do not benefit as well to approved melanoma therapies. Identification of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) pathway gene alterations in >60% of ALMs has led to clinical trials of the CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4i/6i) palbociclib for ALM; however, median progression free survival with CDK4i/6i treatment was only 2.2 months, suggesting existence of resistance mechanisms. Therapy resistance in ALM remains poorly understood; here we report hyperactivation of MAPK signaling and elevated cyclin D1 expression are a unified mechanism of both intrinsic and acquired CDK4i/6i resistance. MEK or ERK inhibition increases CDK4i/6i efficacy in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of ALM and promotes a defective DNA repair, cell cycle arrested and apoptotic program. Concurrent targeting of the MAPK pathway and CDK4/6 represents a new approach to improve outcomes for patients with advanced ALM.
Exploring the Effect of Morphologies of Metal Organic Framework MIL-53(Fe) on the Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Pazhand Hooman , Alvani Ali Asghar Sabbagh , Sameie Hassan , Salimi Reza , Poelman Dirk 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Controllable synthesis of Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with well-defined morphology, composition and size is of great importance towards understanding their structure-property relationship in various applications. Herein, the effect of morphology of photocatalysts on their optical behavior and photocatalytic efficiency was identified utilizing physical synthetic parameters for methylene blue removal. For this purpose, MIL-53(Fe) was fabricated as an efficient photocatalyst via solvothermal approach using chloride and nitrate salts as different secondary block unit (SBU) sources. Each of the powders obtained by two metal sources was synthesized at three different temperatures (120, 150, and 180 ºC). The fabricated MOFs were methodically investigated and characterized in terms of structural, textural, morphological and optical. The obtained empirical data confirmed that the particles synthesized at 120 ºC using iron chloride exhibit the highest efficiency for methylene blue removal. This could be associated to their high surface area and UV light absorption in comparison with other samples. These results can be considered in future research to maximize degradation of organic dyes as a serious pollutant in wastewater.
A Multi Parametric Route Selection Algorithm for Delay Minimization in Vanet
Authors: Cloudin Swamynathan , S John Deva Prasanna D. , k Anusha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
VANET’s are yet to take their critical role in road safety, traffic management, accident detection and pollution control. Being the network of high mobility and fragile topology, VANET has its own advantages and limitations. The routes in VANET are highly scalable, and also loosely connected. In the context of critical message delivery, VANET needs to be fast and reliable. There are varieties of strategies proposed to mitigate the performance of VANET. Most of the VANETs make use of fixed schedule vehicles for reliable data delivery, being them public vehicles with multiple stoppages, this adds significant delay. To obtaine less data delivery delay and higher route’s reliability, this work has introduced heterogeneous vehicle nodes. The vehicles either has fixed route or has dynamic routes. The method also introduces a storage buffers in the major traffic junctions to keep the data for shorter time duration. The stored data can be efficiently communicated to the best available carrier to reach the destination quicker and safe. To further reduce the data delivery delay, the optimal routes are discovered. The route parameters include traffic density, connectivity, distance and path qualities. The proposed work reduces the data delivery delay to 88% and improves the network’s throughput to 92%.
Study on Wear Simulation of Diamond Abrasive Tool for Rotary Ultrasonic Grinding
Authors: Wei Shiliang , Zhang Tao , Pi Jiu , Wei Hengju , Li Wenzhi , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To explore the wear mechanism of diamond grinding tools in rotary ultrasonic grinding process and complete the simulation study of micro wear state of diamond grinding tools in different processing stages. Primarily, the morphology of single diamond abrasive grains is analyzed and studied, and a three-dimensional irregular abrasive grain simulation is carried out according to the morphology characteristics of diamond abrasive grains. Then, the center distance and spatial distribution law between diamond grits are obtained by calculation, and the discrete three-dimensional morphology simulation of diamond abrasive end face is completed based on the virtual lattice theory. Through the rotary ultrasonic grinding experiment, the wear form of diamond grits and the mathematical model of the wear amount of diamond grits changing with the removal amount of workpiece material are determined. The wear simulation of diamond abrasive tool with different workpiece removal is completed by using the mathematical model obtained from experiments. Last section, the number of abrasive particles in the simulation model and the wear amount of the abrasive tool are compared and analyzed with the corresponding experimental results. The above research provides a new research method for exploring the wear mechanism of diamond abrasive tools.
Unravelling neurotransmitters impairment in Primary Progressive Aphasias
Authors: Premi Enrico , Dukart Juergen , Mattioli Irene , Libri Ilenia , Pengo Marta , Gadola Yasmine , Cotelli Maria , Manenti Rosa , Binetti Giuliano , Gazzina Stefano , Alberici Antonella , Magoni Mauro , Koch Giacomo , Gasparotti Roberto , Padovani Alessandro , Borroni Barbara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Primary progressive aphasias (PPAs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases mainly characterized by language impairment, and with variably presence of dysexecutive syndrome, behavioural disturbances and parkinsonism. Detailed knowledge of neurotransmitters impairment and its association with clinical features hold the potential to develop new tailored therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we applied JuSpace toolbox, which allowed for cross-modal correlation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based measures with nuclear imaging derived estimates covering various neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. We included 103 PPA patients and 80 age-matched healthy controls (HC). We tested if the spatial patterns of grey matter volume (GMV) alterations in PPA patients (relative to HC) are correlated with specific neurotransmitter systems. As compared to HC, voxel-based brain changes in PPA were significantly associated with spatial distribution of serotonin, dopamine, and glutamatergic pathways (p < 0.05, False Discovery Rate corrected-corrected). Disease severity was negatively correlated with the strength of GMV colocalization of D1 receptors (p = 0.035) and serotonin transporter (p = 0.020). Moreover, we observed a significant negative correlation between positive behavioural symptoms, as measured with Frontal Behavioural Inventory, and GMV colocalization of D1 receptors (p = 0.007) and serotonin transporter (p < 0.001). This pilot study suggests that JuSpace is a helpful tool to indirectly assess neurotransmitter deficits in neurodegenerative dementias and may provide novel insight into disease mechanisms and associated clinical features.
Body Mass Index and Gender Differences for Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Path Analysis using a Brazilian National Database BMI and Gender Differences in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Reis Erika Cardoso , Monteiro Elma Lúcia de Freitas , Meneguci Joilson , Rodrigues Phillipe Augusto Ferreira , Palma Alexandre , Junior Jair Sindra Virtuoso , Passos Sonia Regina Lambert , Santos Maria Angelica Borges dos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Different studies have shown that both obesity and gender can act as direct risk factors or through mediation, favoring worse outcomes in COVID-19. However, it is not clear how these factors relate and act differently between men and women. The aim of this study is to assess mortality from COVID-19 and to verify the direct and indirect effects of clinical variables among people with obesity, according to gender and BMI categories, in Brazil. An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out using national database. Path analysis showed that while men showed a direct association between higher values ​​of BMI and death, women showed an indirect association, mediated by the need for admission to the ICU. This may be due to greater severity infection among men without adequate time for care in the ICU.
Does the ‘Educational Alliance’ Conceptualize the Student - Supervisor Relationship When Conducting a Master Thesis in Medicine? - A qualitative study
Authors: Brenner Michael , Weiss-Breckwoldt Anja Nikola , Condrau Flurin , Breckwoldt Jan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Completing a master thesis (MT) is mandatory in many undergraduate curricula in medicine but a specific educational model to guide the supervisor-student relationship during the MT has not been published. An attractive model for this purpose is the ‘Educational Alliance’ (EA), which focusses on the ‘clarity and agreement on goals, tasks, relationship and roles’. This study investigated factors and supervisory approaches that can either facilitate or hinder the process of MTs, and related these to the components of the EA.
Methods: We conducted separate, semi-structured interviews with students and their corresponding supervisors, after the MT had been accepted. The interviews included open and Likert-type scale questions on factors facilitating or hindering the success of the MT. The authors analyzed the anonymized transcripts using inductive thematic analysis.
Results: From 40 interviews related to 20 MTs, we extracted 469 comments and categorized these into four main categories a) ‘Preparation’ b) ‘Process’ c) ‘Atmosphere’ d) ‘Value of the MT’. Overall, interviewees highlighted the importance of clear expectations, a clear research plan, thorough and timely feedback, mutual agreement on timelines, and a positive working atmosphere. These factors appeared well in line with the EA concept. In addition, however, the interviews also showed that careful preparation of the project was regarded as essential. Based on the findings, we provide recommendations for students, supervisors, and the university.
Conclusion: In summary, we propose this extended EA model as useful in guiding students, supervisors, and the university towards conducting successful MTs in medicine.
Sodium pyruvate improves the plasma amino acid profile in rats with L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis
Authors: Zub Anastasiia , Ostapiv Roman , Manko Bohdan , Manko Volodymyr 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plasma amino acid levels are altered upon many pathological conditions including acute pancreatitis. It is unclear whether amino acids can be used as specific biomarker of acute pancreatitis severity or recovery. Development of acute pancreatitis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased cytosolic ATP level. Sodium pyruvate is considered as a potential treatment of pancreatitis due to its ability to sustain mitochondrial oxidative and ATP-productive capacity in vitro. In this study investigated the effect of sodium pyruvate on pancreatic morphology and plasma amino acid levels in rats with acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis in rats was induced by administration of L-arginine (5 g / kg) and confirmed with histological examination of pancreas. Experimental treatment group received sodium pyruvate (1 g / kg) for 4 days. Blood was collected on day 8 of the experiment and plasma amino acids concentration was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Sodium pyruvate administration did not improve the pancreatic morphology and ultrastructure, but improves the plasma amino acid levels. Rats with acute pancreatitis had significantly lower levels of most essential and non-essential amino acids and increased glutamate and aspartate in plasma. Administration of sodium pyruvate completely or partially restored levels of methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate, asparagine and ornithine levels, while increasing glutamine and serine to levels significantly higher than control. Plasma lysine, alanine, arginine and taurine remained unaffected remained unaffected in all experimental groups. Sodium pyruvate may be considered for use as a maintenance therapy in acute pancreatitis.