bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, aetiology and clinical characteristics of clostridial bacteraemia: a 6-year population-based observational study of 386 patients
Authors: Sarasoja Maaria , Nilson Bo , Wide Daniel , Lindberg Åsa , Torisson Gustav , Holm Karin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to provide a population-based clinical, epidemiological and microbiological overview of clostridial bacteraemia. All cases of bacteraemia in the Skåne Region between 2014 and 2019 with a species currently belonging to the Clostridium genus were identified in the regional clinical microbiology database. Clinical data were retrieved by medical chart-review. A total of 386 unique episodes of clostridial bacteraemia were found resulting in an incidence rate of 4.9/100.000 person-years. The median age was 76 with 56% males. The incidence rate ratio was 34.3 for those aged 80 + vs 0–59. The minimum inhibitory concentrations varied between species but were universally low for metronidazole and carbapenems. Malignancy was the most common co-morbidity, in 47% of patients and most pronounced for C. septicum. Criteria for sepsis and septic shock were met in 69% and 17%, respectively. The 28-day mortality was 26%. High age, absence of fever, high C-reactive protein and high SOFA-score were all significantly associated with mortality. We present the highest incidence rate of clostridial bacteraemia to date. Clostridial bacteraemia is a severe condition with acute onset, affecting elderly with co-morbidities, most pronounced malignancies. Mortality is related to acute manifestations rather than to background factors.
Cost-effectiveness of adding oseltamivir to primary care for influenza-like-illness: economic evaluation alongside the randomised controlled ALIC4E trial in 15 European countries
Authors: Li Xiao , Bilcke Joke , van der Velden Alike W. , Bruyndonckx Robin , Coenen Samuel , Bongard Emily , de Paor Muirrean , Chlabicz Slawomir , Godycki-Cwirko Maciek , Francis Nick , Aabenhus Rune , Bucher Heiner C. , Colliers Annelies , De Sutter An , Garcia-Sangenis Ana , Glinz Dominik , Harbin Nicolay J. , Kosiek Katarzyna , Lindbæk Morten , Lionis Christos , Llor Carl , Mikó-Pauer Réka , Radzeviciene Jurgute Ruta , Seifert Bohumil , Sundvall Pär-Daniel , Touboul Lundgren Pia , Tsakountakis Nikolaos , Verheij Theo J. , Goossens Herman , Butler Christopher C. , Beutels Philippe ,   ALIC4Etrial investigators, Bongard Emily , de Paor Muirrean , Chlabicz Slawomir , Godycki-Cwirko Maciek , Francis Nick , Aabenhus Rune , Bucher Heiner C. , Colliers Annelies , De Sutter An , Garcia-Sangenis Ana , Glinz Dominik , Harbin Nicolay J. , Kosiek Katarzyna , Lindbæk Morten , Lionis Christos , Llor Carl , Mikó-Pauer Réka , Radzeviciene Jurgute Ruta , Seifert Bohumil , Sundvall Pär-Daniel , Touboul Lundgren Pia , Tsakountakis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundOseltamivir is usually not often prescribed (or reimbursed) for non-high-risk patients consulting for influenza-like-illness (ILI) in primary care in Europe. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding oseltamivir to usual primary care in adults/adolescents (13 years +) and children with ILI during seasonal influenza epidemics, using data collected in an open-label, multi-season, randomised controlled trial of oseltamivir in 15 European countries.MethodsDirect and indirect cost estimates were based on patient reported resource use and official country-specific unit costs. Health-Related Quality of Life was assessed by EQ-5D questionnaires. Costs and quality adjusted life-years (QALY) were bootstrapped (N = 10,000) to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER), from both the healthcare payers’ and the societal perspectives, with uncertainty expressed through probabilistic sensitivity analysis and expected value for perfect information (EVPI) analysis. Additionally, scenario (self-reported spending), comorbidities subgroup and country-specific analyses were performed.ResultsThe healthcare payers’ expected ICERs of oseltamivir were €22,459 per QALY gained in adults/adolescents and €13,001 in children. From the societal perspective, oseltamivir was cost-saving in adults/adolescents, but the ICER is €8,344 in children. Large uncertainties were observed in subgroups with comorbidities, especially for children. The expected ICERs and extent of decision uncertainty varied between countries (EVPI ranged €1–€35 per patient).ConclusionAdding oseltamivir to primary usual care in Europe is likely to be cost-effective for treating adults/adolescents and children with ILI from the healthcare payers’ perspective (if willingness-to-pay per QALY gained > €22,459) and cost-saving in adults/adolescents from a societal perspective.
Predicting Co-movement patterns in mobility data
Authors: Tritsarolis Andreas , Chondrodima Eva , Tampakis Panagiotis , Pikrakis Aggelos , Theodoridis Yannis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPredictive analytics over mobility data is of great importance since it can assist an analyst to predict events, such as collisions, encounters, traffic jams, etc. A typical example is anticipated location prediction, where the goal is to predict the future location of a moving object, given a look-ahead time. What is even more challenging is to be able to accurately predict collective behavioural patterns of movement, such as co-movement patterns as well as their course over time. In this paper, we address the problem of Online Prediction of Co-movement Patterns. Furthermore, in order to be able to calculate the accuracy of our solution, we propose a co-movement pattern similarity measure, which facilitates the comparison between the predicted clusters and the actual ones. Finally, we calculate the clusters’ evolution through time (survive, split, etc.) and compare the cluster evolution predicted by our framework with the actual one. Our experimental study uses two real-world mobility datasets from the maritime and urban domain, respectively, and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Complementary and alternative medicine use in self-management of diabetes: A qualitative study of patient and user conversations in online forums
Authors: Alzahrani Abdulaziz Saud , Greenfield Sheila M. , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
An important part of diabetes self-management includes discussing and seeking informal advice from others.

Aim
This study aimed to explore beliefs and experiences of patients in relation to their use of CAM in diabetes through the use of data from online patient forum discussions.

Method
Google search engine was used to identify relevant web-based online discussion forums in English language focussing on CAM use (including herbal and other unorthodox therapies) in diabetes and posted by either patients or carers. No date limit was imposed. A qualitative content analysis was adopted for analysis.

Results
Twenty-two online forums containing 77 threads with 1156 posts and replies were identified. Seven major themes emerged from the data analysis including: patient beliefs regarding CAM use, perceived effectiveness and safety of CAM, evidence base and information seeking. Patients used online forums to seek information about the benefits, side effects and share positive and negative experiences of CAM use. Feeling stressed, frustrated or overwhelmed with diabetes and prescribed medications was often linked to their decisions to use CAM. They described that healthcare professionals were often unaware or unable to help in regards to their queries around CAMs.

Conclusion
Patients with diabetes use online forums to share information regarding CAM use. There is a scope for professional societies, patient charities and health systems to offer such online platforms to promote rationale use of CAM, provide evidence-based information to patients and alleviate fears and concerns around diabetes and prescribed medicines.
Cosmetic wastewater treatment technologies: a review
Authors: Gkika Despina A. , Mitropoulos Athanasios C. , Lambropoulou Dimitra A. , Kalavrouziotis Ioannis K. , Kyzas George Z. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over the past three decades, environmental concerns about the water pollution have been raised on societal and industrial levels. The presence of pollutants stemming from cosmetic products has been documented in wastewater streams outflowing from industrial as well as wastewater treatment plants. To this end, a series of consistent measures should be taken to prevent emerging contaminants of water resources. This need has driven the development of technologies, in an attempt to mitigate their impact on the environment. This work offers a thorough review of existing knowledge on cosmetic wastewater treatment approaches, including, coagulation, dissolved air flotation, adsorption, activated sludge, biodegradation, constructed wetlands, and advanced oxidation processes. Various studies have already documented the appearance of cosmetics in samples retrieved from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which have definitely promoted our comprehension of the path of cosmetics within the treatment cycle; however, there are still multiple blanks to our knowledge. All treatments have, without exception, their own limitations, not only cost-wise, but also in terms of being feasible, effective, practical, reliable, and environmentally friendly.
Graphical abstract
Measuring precision precisely: A dictionary-based measure of imprecision
Authors: Gastinger Markus , Schmidtke Henning 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow can we measure and explain the precision of international organizations’ (IOs) founding treaties? We define precision by its negative – imprecision – as indeterminate language that intentionally leaves a wide margin of interpretation for actors after agreements enter into force. Compiling a “dictionary of imprecision” from almost 500 scholarly contributions and leveraging insight from linguists that a single vague word renders the whole sentence vague, we introduce a dictionary-based measure of imprecision (DIMI) that is replicable, applicable to all written documents, and yields a continuous measure bound between zero and one. To demonstrate that DIMI usefully complements existing approaches and advances the study of (im-)precision, we apply it to a sample of 76 IOs. Our descriptive results show high face validity and closely track previous characterizations of these IOs. Finally, we explore patterns in the data, expecting that imprecision in IO treaties increases with the number of states, power asymmetries, and the delegation of authority, while it decreases with the pooling of authority. In a sample of major IOs, we find robust empirical support for the power asymmetries and delegation propositions. Overall, DIMI provides exciting new avenues to study precision in International Relations and beyond.
Comparison of Microstructure Refinement in Wire-Arc Additively Manufactured Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0.1Si and Ti–6Al–4V Built With Inter-Pass Deformation
Authors: Davis A. E. , Caballero A. E. , Biswal R. , Williams S. , Prangnell P. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The titanium alloy Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0.1Si (Ti6242) has been deposited for the first time by a directed energy deposition process using a wire and arc system—i.e., wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)—with and without inter-pass machine hammer peening, and its microstructure investigated and compared to the more commonly used alloy Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64). The application of inter-pass machine hammer peening—where each added layer was deformed before deposition—successfully refined the strongly textured, coarse, columnar β-grain structure that is commonly seen in α + β titanium alloys, producing a finer equiaxed grain structure with a near-random α texture. The average grain diameter and texture strength decreased with the peening pitch. When Ti6242 was deposited under identical conditions to Ti64, by switching the alloy feed wire in-situ, the refined β-grain size decreased across the alloy-to-alloy transition reaching on average 25 pct less in Ti6242 than in Ti64. A similar 25 pct scale reduction was also found in the Ti6242 α-lath transformation microstructure. This comparatively greater microstructure refinement in Ti6242 was attributed to the dissimilar alloying elements present in the two materials; specifically, molybdenum, which has a lower diffusivity than vanadium and led to slower β-grain growth during reheating as well as a finer transformation microstructure.
AI, Opacity, and Personal Autonomy
Authors: Vaassen Bram 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdvancements in machine learning have fuelled the popularity of using AI decision algorithms in procedures such as bail hearings, medical diagnoses and recruitment. Academic articles, policy texts, and popularizing books alike warn that such algorithms tend to be opaque: they do not provide explanations for their outcomes. Building on a causal account of transparency and opacity as well as recent work on the value of causal explanation, I formulate a moral concern for opaque algorithms that is yet to receive a systematic treatment in the literature: when such algorithms are used in life-changing decisions, they can obstruct us from effectively shaping our lives according to our goals and preferences, thus undermining our autonomy. I argue that this concern deserves closer attention as it furnishes the call for transparency in algorithmic decision-making with both new tools and new challenges.
How does portfolio use affect self-regulated learning in clinical workplace learning: What works, for whom, and in what contexts?
Authors: Van der Gulden Rozemarijn , Timmerman Angelique , Muris Jean W. M. , Thoonen Bart P. A. , Heeneman Sylvia , Scherpbier-de Haan Nynke D. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction Portfolio use to support self-regulated learning (SRL) during clinical workplace learning is widespread, but much is still unknown regarding its effectiveness. This review aimed to gain insight in the extent to which portfolio use supports SRL and under what circumstances. Methods A realist review was conducted in two phases. First, stakeholder interviews and a scoping search were used to formulate a program theory that explains how portfolio use could support SRL. Second, an in-depth literature search was conducted. The included papers were coded to extract context–mechanism–outcome configurations (CMOs). These were synthesized to answer the research question. Results Sixteen papers were included (four fulfilled all qualitative rigor criteria). Two primary portfolio mechanisms were established: documenting as a moment of contemplation (learners analyze experiences while writing portfolio reports) and documentation as a reminder of past events (previous portfolio reports aid recall). These mechanisms may explain the positive relationship between portfolio use and self-assessment, reflection, and feedback. However, other SRL outcomes were only supported to a limited extent: formulation of learning objectives and plans, and monitoring. The partial support of the program theory can be explained by interference of contextual factors (e.g., system of assessment) and portfolio-related mechanisms (e.g., mentoring). Discussion Portfolio research is falling short both theoretically—in defining and conceptualizing SRL—and methodologically. Nevertheless, this review indicates that portfolio use has potential to support SRL. However, the working mechanisms of portfolio use are easily disrupted. These disruptions seem to relate to tensions between different portfolio purposes, which may undermine learners’ motivation.
Effect of sleep on development of early childhood caries: a systematic review
Authors: Sardana D. , Galland B. , Wheeler B. J. , Yiu C. K. Y. , Ekambaram M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the impact of sleep on the development of early childhood caries (ECC).

Methods
Seven electronic databases and grey literature were searched with various keyword combinations. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The studies were included if they evaluated the impact of sleep parameters on the caries experience or severity of ECC in children under 6 years of age.

Results
Four cross-sectional studies and two longitudinal studies were included. Children who had irregular bedtimes had a 66–71% higher chance of developing ECC. Children who slept after 11 pm might have a 74–85% higher chance of developing ECC. Children who slept less than 8 h during the night had a 30% increased risk of caries than children who slept more than 11 h.

Conclusion
Irregular or late bedtime and fewer sleeping hours could be an independent risk factor for ECC. The risk of ECC might be related inversely in a dose–response manner to the number of sleep hours.
Drilling and completion technologies of coalbed methane exploitation: an overview
Authors: Ma Tianshou , Liu Jinhua , Fu Jianhong , Wu Bisheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoalbed methane (CBM) drilling and completion technologies (DCTs) are significant basis for achieving efficient CBM exploration and exploitation. Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in different regions around the world, thereby, it is crucial to develop, select and apply the optimum DCTs for each different CBM reservoir. This paper firstly reviews the development history of CBM DCTs throughout worldwide and clarifies its overall development tendency. Secondly, different well types and its characteristics of CBM exploitation are summarized, and main application scopes of these well types are also discussed. Then, the key technologies of CBM drilling (directional drilling tools, measurement while drilling, geo-steering drilling, magnetic guidance drilling, underbalanced drilling and drilling fluids), and the key technologies of CBM completion (open-hole, cavity and under-ream completion, cased-hole completion, screen pipe completion and horizontal well completion) are summarized and analyzed, it is found that safe, economic and efficient development of CBM is inseparable from the support of advanced technologies. Finally, based on the current status of CBM development, the achievements, existing challenges and future prospects are summarized and discussed from the perspective of CBM DCTs.
Estimation of the compaction parameters of aggregate base course using artificial neural networks
Authors: Othman Kareem 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe process of estimating the compaction parameters namely the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) through laboratory tests is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. These issues can be avoided by developing prediction models that are able to accurately predict the compaction parameters from index properties that are easier to estimate in the laboratory. As a result, this study focuses on employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of the compaction parameters of aggregate base course samples from the grain size distribution and Atterberg limits. Additionally, different ANNs with different structures were tested in order to set the optimum hyperparameters that minimize the errors in the predictions. Specifically, this study investigates the impact of the number of hidden layers, number of neurons per hidden layer, and activation functions on the performance of the ANNs. Furthermore, the weight decay method, which is the most common regularization technique, was used during the training of the ANNs in order to avoid overfitting and control the changes in the connection weights. The results indicate that the optimum hyperparameter settings changes depending on the optimized output. Additionally, the ReLU activation function is the most stable function that produces the best predictions. Moreover, the results show that ANN approach represents a major innovative tool for accurately predicting the compaction parameters with R2values of 0.826 and 0.911 for predicting the MDD and OMC.
Quantification of chloride in sweat by using ion chromatography instead of chloridometer
Authors: Bertges Markus , Weiskirchen Ralf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study reports about a new ion chromatography method for the detection of chloride ions in sweat as an alternative to the gold standard of the chloridometer. Information about necessary materials, required preparations, reference ranges, advantages and disadvantages of this method is provided. We finally demonstrate that this method is useful to screen for cystic fibrosis in sweat samples.Article Highlights.

A new ion chromatography method for detection of chloride ions in sweat is described

References ranges for this method are given

Advantages and disadvantages are discussed

The usefulness of this method is shown in 145 sweat samples
Aeromagnetic and Radiometric Data Interpretation to Delineate the Structural Elements and Probable Precambrian Mineralization Zones: a Case Study, Egypt
Authors: Essa Khalid S. , Munschy Marc , Youssef Mohamed A. S. , Khalaf Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study focused on joint interpretation of the aeromagnetic and radiometric data to allocate and describe the structural elements and mineralization zones such as uranium, gold, and sulfide in the Gebel Umm Tineidba and its surroundings, Eastern Desert, Egypt. The study region is covered by exposures of Precambrian rocks such as gneisses, migmatites, ophiolitic mélange, metavolcanics, younger granites, and Quaternary sedimentary covers. The application of the total intensity magnetic and reduced-to-pole maps, power spectrum, analytic signal, tilt-angle, and local wavenumber maps helps in recognizing magnetic sources distribution, lineament features, and mineral zones delineation. The obtained results indicate that the depths of the deeper NE–SW, NNE–SSW, and N–S trending structures extend from 400 to 1750 m and shallower ones range from 100 to 400 m. Finally, the main trends of these structures affect the probable mineralization zones.
On Completely Mixed Stochastic Games
Authors: Das Purba , Parthasarathy T. , Ravindran G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a two-person finite state stochastic games with finite number of pure actions for both players in all the states. In particular, for a large number of results we also consider one-player controlled transition probability and show that if all the optimal strategies of the undiscounted stochastic game are completely mixed then for $$\beta$$
β
sufficiently close to 1; all the optimal strategies of $$\beta$$
β
-discounted stochastic games are also completely mixed. A counterexample is provided to show that the converse is not true. Further, for single-player controlled completely mixed stochastic games if the individual payoff matrices are symmetric in each state, then we show that the individual matrix games are also completely mixed. For the non-zerosum single-player controlled stochastic game under some non-singularity conditions, we show that if the undiscounted game is completely mixed, then the Nash equilibrium is unique. For non-zerosum $$\beta$$
β
-discounted stochastic games when Nash equilibrium exists, we provide equalizer rules for corresponding value of the game.