bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-energy probes of the small cosmic microwave background amplitude in models of the radiative Higgs mechanism
Authors: Jung Sunghoon , Kawana Kiyoharu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The small cosmic microwave background (CMB) amplitude As ≃ 10−9 (or small temperature fluctuation δT/T ≃ 10−5) typically requires an unnaturally small effective coupling of an inflaton λϕ ∼ 10−14. In models with non-minimal coupling ξ, extra suppression of the amplitude, e.g. by the inflaton’s large field values, usually allows λϕ to be much larger, but at the price of ξ ≫ 1. Although the difficulties have not been strictly quantified, models with λϕ ≪ 1 or ξ ≫ 1 are harder to build. We show that the absence of new physics signals at TeV scale can suggest a relatively small $\xi \lesssim {\cal O}(1\mbox{--}100)$ with $\lambda _\phi \lesssim {\cal O}(10^{-4}\mbox{--}10^{-8})$, while constraining larger ξ with larger λϕ more strongly. Above all, this is possible by a connection between low- and high-energy physics that can be made in scenarios where the U(1)X Higgs is an inflaton at a high scale while its renormalization running also induces the Coleman–Weinberg mechanism for the electroweak symmetry breaking at a low scale. The best TeV-scale signals are Z′ resonances and Higgs signal strengths. We further find the connection particularly useful since the Z′ mass is upper bounded in order to produce the correct As and the weak scale simultaenously. Utilizing the intriguing upper bounds, we work out the prospects for LHC 13 and 100 TeV pp colliders probing the parameter space of the small CMB amplitude in such a model.
DOSE AND DOSE-RATE DEPENDENCE OF DSB-TYPE MUTANTS INDUCED BY X-RAYS OR TRITIUM BETA-RAYS: AN APPROACH USING A HYPERSENSITIVE SYSTEM
Authors: Nagashima Haruki , Hayashi Yuki , Tanimoto Saki , Sakamoto Yuki , Tauchi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To evaluate biological effects triggered by low levels of radiation, we established a uniquely sensitive experimental system to detect somatic mutations. By using the system, we found that mutant frequencies induced by X-rays were statistically significant at doses over 0.15 Gy, and a linear dose relationship with the mutant frequency was observed at doses over 0.15 Gy. The mutation spectra analysis revealed that mutation events generated by X-ray doses below 0.1 Gy were similar to those observed in unirradiated controls. In addition, a significant inflection point for both, the mutant frequency and the mutation spectra, was found at dose-rates around 11 mGy/day when cells were cultured in medium containing tritiated water. Because induced radiation-type events presented a clear dose/dose-rate dependency above the critical dose or the inflection point, these observations suggest that mutation events generated by radiation could change at a threshold dose-rate or a critical dose.
The Effect of Breastfeeding and an Intensive Breast Milk Nutritional Support Program on Hospitalization Rates for Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Newborns: An Open Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cinar Nursan , Karakaya Suzan Özge , Caner Ibrahim , Peksen Sultan , Tabakoglu Pinar , Cinar Vedat 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of breastfeeding and intensive breast milk nutritional support program (IBNSP) on hospitalization rates for hyperbilirubinemia in normal term newborns.

Methods
This study’s sample consisted of 68 newborn infants (experimental group: 34; control group: 34) born at a university hospital from October 2020 to April 2021. Five steps of breastfeeding and IBNSP were administered to the experimental group for the first 48 h after birth. This program starts at the postpartum first hour and continues until the 48th hour. It includes face-to-face training, practical support on breastfeeding, and one-to-one demonstration and practice methods. The control group received the standard care recommended by the World Health Organization. Both groups’ bilirubin levels were measured 24 and 72 h after birth. Participants in both groups were hospitalized for risky (according to bilirubin values) situations. The groups’ bilirubin levels and hospitalization rates for hyperbilirubinemia were compared.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental (5.19 ± 1.27) and the control (5.83 ± 1.52) groups’ bilirubin levels at 24 h after birth, (t = −1.881, p = 0.064); however, the control group infants (12.03 ± 3.67 mg/dl) had higher bilirubin levels than the infants in the experimental group 72 h after birth (9.55 ± 2.82 mg/dl) (t = −3.122, p = 0.003). The experimental group’s hospitalization rate for hyperbilirubinemia (n: 1, 2.9%) was lower than the control group’s rate (n: 8, 23.5%), and this difference was statistically significant (X2 = 6.275, p = 0.014).

Conclusions
Breastfeeding and IBNSP effectively prevent hospitalization for hyperbilirubinemia and reduce newborns’ bilirubin levels.
The monophyly of Crenuchinae and description of two new species ofPoecilocharax(Teleostei: Crenuchidae) based on phenotypic and genotypic evidence
Authors: Ohara Willian M , Pastana Murilo , Camelier Priscila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCrenuchinae is a subfamily of the fish family Crenuchidae distributed in the Amazon Basin with pronounced sexual dimorphism and exuberant colour patterns. Recent fieldwork in the tributaries of the Rio Aripuanã drainage, a large tributary of the Rio Madeira (Amazon Basin), resulted in the discovery of two distinctive, undescribed species of the crenuchin genus Poecilocharax, which are formally described herein, combining morphological and molecular data. These are the first representatives of Crenuchinae discovered after a gap of 57 years and the first records of Poecilocharax from the tributaries of the right bank of the Rio Amazonas draining the Brazilian crystalline shield. Based on a taxonomic review including all species of the subfamily, we provide an expanded morphological diagnosis for Crenuchinae. This now includes characteristics related to the lateral-line canals of head and body, the number of dorsal-fin rays and sexually dimorphic traits. In addition, we review previous characteristics used to diagnose Crenuchus and Poecilocharax, providing comments on their polarity and distribution across the subfamily. A dichotomous key is provided for the first time for species of Crenuchinae.
Services and Payer Mix of Black-serving Hospitals and Related Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Ona S. , Huang Y. , Ananth C.V. , Gyamfi-Bannerman C. , Wen T. , Wright J.D. , D’Alton M.E. , Friedman A.M. 
Published: March 2022

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;224:605.e1–605.e14)
Black-serving hospitals are linked to a greater risk for adverse maternal outcomes. Previous studies on maternal disparities have generally included few hospital factors. In order to understand these disparities more detailed evaluation of hospital factors identified with maternal outcomes may be necessary. This cross-sectional study analyzed detailed attributes of Black-serving hospitals and how these attributes are associated with adverse maternal outcomes. A concomitant objective was to determine the relationship between Black-serving hospitals and risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM), defined by CDC criteria for organ failure indicators and possible life-threatening illness. It was hypothesized that some of the maternal risk associated with Black-serving hospitals could be accounted for by generally being referral centers for specialized surgical and medical care, having greater Medicaid burdens, and having patients more likely to require safety-net services.
Hospital Quality Improvement Interventions, Statewide Policy Initiatives, and Rates of Cesarean Delivery for Nulliparous, Term, Singleton, Vertex Births in California
Authors: Rosenstein M.G. , Chang S.C. , Sakowski C. , Markow C. , Teleki S. , Lang L. , Logan J. , Cape V. , Main E.K. 
Published: March 2022

(JAMA. 2021;325:1631–1639. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.3816. PMID: 33904868)
Cesarean delivery (CD) rates are concerningly high for women with nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) deliveries, and ongoing racial disparities suggest hospital culture, policies, and attitudes play a role. California Maternal Quality Care Collaborative (CMQCC) is a collaborative that seeks to improve maternity care and outcomes and reduce the CD rate of NTSV births in the state of California. This study aimed to evaluate California’s cesarean delivery rate for NTSV births given the new CMQCC initiative employed to reduce that number.
Effect of Variable Preoxygenation Endpoints on Safe Apnea Time Using High-flow Nasal Oxygen for Women in Labor: A Modeling Investigation
Authors: Stolady D. , Laviola M. , Pillai A. , Hardman J.G. 
Published: March 2022

(Br J Anaesth. 2021;126:889e895)
When using general anesthesia in pregnant patients, achieving an adequate safe apnea time is important. High-flow, humidified, nasal oxygen (HFNO) through a nasal cannula can provide convenient apneic oxygen supplementation, but there is a lack of studies on this practice in obstetrics and some studies have shown HFNO is not as effective as tight-fitting facemask oxygenation in pregnant patients. While HFNO may result in a lower FE’O2, this study hypothesizes that apneic oxygenation with HFNO will provide a longer safe apnea period than facemask techniques in obstetric patients.
The Effect of Carbetocin Dose on Transmural Dispersion of Myocardial Repolarization in Healthy Parturients Scheduled for Elective Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Clunies-Ross N. , Roston T.M. , Taylor J. , Whyte S. , Albert A. , Görges M. , Chau A. 
Published: March 2022

(Anesth Analg. 2021;132:485–492)
Transmural dispersion of myocardial repolarization (TDR) is the interval between the peak of the T wave and end of the TV wave (Tp-e). Increased TDR is a more reliable predictor of drug torsadogenicity than prolonged QT interval. Carbetocin, a synthetic analog of oxytocin, is used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) following cesarean delivery (CD), though the effect dose varies. Carbetocin has been shown to increase mean correct QT, but there is a paucity of information on the effects of carbetocin of TDR. This study examined the effects of carbetocin dose on TDR in patients undergoing CD under spinal anesthesia.
Biomarkers and the Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lim S. , Li W. , Kemper J. , Nguyen A. , Mol B.W. , Reddy M. 
Published: March 2022

(Obstet Gynecol. 2021;137:72–81. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004149)
Progress has been made recently to predict and diagnose preeclampsia in pregnant women. Angiogenic and antiangiogenic biomarkers such as placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) have been examined and recently implemented clinically as predictive measurements of preeclampsia. This study aims to review and analyze sFlt-1, PlGF, and the sFLt-1/PlGF ratio and their ability to predict time to delivery and adverse outcomes in patients with preeclampsia.
SARS-CoV-2–specific Antibodies in Breast Milk After COVID-19 Vaccination of Breastfeeding Women
Authors: Perl S.H. , Uzan-Yulzari A. , Klainer H. , Asiskovich L. , Youngster M. , Rinott E. , Youngster I. 
Published: March 2022

(JAMA. 2021;325:2013–2014. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.5782)
During the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic, breastfeeding women were encouraged to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are found in breast milk following maternal immunization and to identify any adverse outcomes in mother and neonates.
REGIONAL ANALGESIA Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus for Labor Analgesia During First Stage of Labor: A Sequential Allocation Trial to Determine the Effective Interval Time Between Boluses of a Fixed Volume of 2.5 mL of Bupivacaine 0.25% Plus Fentanyl 8 µg/mL
Authors: Shatalin D. , Arzola C. , Downey K. , Ye X.Y. , Carvalho J.C.A. 
Published: March 2022

(Can J Anaesth. 2021;68:653–660. doi: 10.1007/s12630-021-01922-6. Epub February 2, 2021)
Programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) has been increasingly recommended and used during labor analgesia. This study aimed to determine the recommended time interval between boluses of 2.5 mL of bupivacaine 0.25% plus fentanyl 8 µ/mL to provide effective analgesia in 90% of pregnant women (EI90) during the first stage of labor.
Breathing for Two
Authors: Rudder M. , Russo M. , Ventetuolo C.E. 
Published: March 2022

(N Engl J Med. 2021;384:61–68)
This feature contained details about one patient’s case, with a clinician’s commentary interspersed throughout. The case was that of a 29-year-old woman at 26 weeks gestation with undifferentiated connective tissue disease, presenting with cough and shortness of breath.
Experiences and Perceptions Gained by Student Nurse Externs Working During a Pandemic
Authors: Ruth-Sahd Lisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There are no data available presenting the experiences and perceptions of student nurse externs (SNEs) working during the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study was conducted with 12 SNEs to determine their experiences and perceptions during the summer of 2020. The Colaizzi method was used to identify and analyze statements. Four main themes emerged from the data: 1) appreciating holistic compassionate care, 2) progressing from fear toward hope, 3) desiring ethical decision-making skills, and 4) recognizing communication barriers. Implications include emphasizing communication, ethical decision-making strategies, disaster preparedness, and externships as a way to bridge the gap between education and practice.
Clinical and Radiographic Comparison of Splinting Constructs for Distal Radius Fractures: An Effort to Free the Elbow
Authors: Stevens Nicole M. , Pean Christian , Norris Zoe , Tejwani Nirmal 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
To compare short-term functional outcomes, reduction loss, and rates of surgery for distal radius fractures initially immobilized with a traditional sugar-tong splint versus clamshell splint freeing the elbow.

Design:
Prospective randomized trial.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Eighty-nine consecutive patients sustaining distal radius fractures were enrolled between 2018 and 2020. Short-term first follow-up (1–2 weeks) radiographic parameters and 6 weeks for functional questionnaires were established to assess initial outcomes.

Main Outcome Measures:
The main outcome measures were reduction loss based on radiographic criteria, rate of surgery, and short-term patient functional outcome using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score.

Results:
There were no differences noted in DASH scores (P-value = 0.8) or loss of reduction (P-value = 0.69), and splint type was not correlated with likelihood to have surgery (P = 0.22). A binomial regression model demonstrated splint type was not a significant predictor variable of loss of fracture reduction in the regression model.

Conclusions:
These results suggest both sugar-tong splint and clamshell splint construct are acceptable options in the acute management of distal radius fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Child With Severe Chronic Illness in the ICU: A Concise Review
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey D. , Goodman Denise M. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Children with severe chronic illness are a prevalent, impactful, vulnerable group in PICUs, whose needs are insufficiently met by transitory care models and a narrow focus on acute care needs. Thus, we sought to provide a concise synthetic review of published literature relevant to them and a compilation of strategies to address their distinctive needs.

Data Sources:
English language articles were identified in MEDLINE using a variety of phrases related to children with chronic conditions, prolonged admissions, resource utilization, mortality, morbidity, continuity of care, palliative care, and other critical care topics. Bibliographies were also reviewed.

Study Selection:
Original articles, review articles, and commentaries were considered.

Data Extraction:
Data from relevant articles were reviewed, summarized, and integrated into a narrative synthetic review.

Data Synthesis:
Children with serious chronic conditions are a heterogeneous group who are growing in numbers and complexity, partly due to successes of critical care. Because of their prevalence, prolonged stays, readmissions, and other resource use, they disproportionately impact PICUs. Often more than other patients, critical illness can substantially negatively affect these children and their families, physically and psychosocially. Critical care approaches narrowly focused on acute care and transitory/rotating care models exacerbate these problems and contribute to ineffective communication and information sharing, impaired relationships, subpar and untimely decision-making, patient/family dissatisfaction, and moral distress in providers. Strategies to mitigate these effects and address these patients’ distinctive needs include improving continuity and communication, primary and secondary palliative care, and involvement of families. However, there are limited outcome data for most of these strategies and little consensus on which outcomes should be measured.

CONCLUSIONS:
The future of pediatric critical care medicine is intertwined with that of children with serious chronic illness. More concerted efforts are needed to address their distinctive needs and study the effectiveness of strategies to do so.
Systematic Review and Comparison of Publicly Available ICU Data Sets—A Decision Guide for Clinicians and Data Scientists
Authors: Sauer Christopher M. , Dam Tariq A. , Celi Leo A. , Faltys Martin , de la Hoz Miguel A. A. , Adhikari Lasith , Ziesemer Kirsten A. , Girbes Armand , Thoral Patrick J. , Elbers Paul 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE:
As data science and artificial intelligence continue to rapidly gain traction, the publication of freely available ICU datasets has become invaluable to propel data-driven clinical research. In this guide for clinicians and researchers, we aim to: 1) systematically search and identify all publicly available adult clinical ICU datasets, 2) compare their characteristics, data quality, and richness and critically appraise their strengths and weaknesses, and 3) provide researchers with suggestions, which datasets are appropriate for answering their clinical question.

DATA SOURCES:
A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, ArXiv, MedRxiv, and BioRxiv.

STUDY SELECTION:
We selected all studies that reported on publicly available adult patient-level intensive care datasets.

DATA EXTRACTION:
A total of four publicly available, adult, critical care, patient-level databases were included (Amsterdam University Medical Center data base [AmsterdamUMCdb], eICU Collaborative Research Database eICU CRD], High time-resolution intensive care unit dataset [HiRID], and Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV). Databases were compared using a priori defined categories, including demographics, patient characteristics, and data richness. The study protocol and search strategy were prospectively registered.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
Four ICU databases fulfilled all criteria for inclusion and were queried using SQL (PostgreSQL version 12; PostgreSQL Global Development Group) and analyzed using R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The number of unique patient admissions varied between 23,106 (AmsterdamUMCdb) and 200,859 (eICU-CRD). Frequency of laboratory values and vital signs was highest in HiRID, for example, 5.2 (±3.4) lactate values per day and 29.7 (±10.2) systolic blood pressure values per hour. Treatment intensity varied with vasopressor and ventilatory support in 69.0% and 83.0% of patients in AmsterdamUMCdb versus 12.0% and 21.0% in eICU-CRD, respectively. ICU mortality ranged from 5.5% in eICU-CRD to 9.9% in AmsterdamUMCdb.

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified four publicly available adult clinical ICU datasets. Sample size, severity of illness, treatment intensity, and frequency of reported parameters differ markedly between the databases. This should guide clinicians and researchers which databases to best answer their clinical questions.
Circulating tumor cells and cell-free tumor DNA analyses in urothelial cancer using the LiquidBiopsy platform
Authors: Kobayashi Minoru , Abe Hideyuki , Arai Kyoko , Murakami Satoshi , Kamai Takao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Emerging data suggested that liquid biopsy such as detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free tumor DNA analysis augments the management of patients with urothelial cancer (UC). We presented our pilot experience of liquid biopsy using the Ion Torrent platform to detect CTCs and genomic alterations in UC.

Materials and methods:
Blood or urine samples from 16 patients were subjected to CTC and plasma/urine cell-free tumor DNA isolation for next generation sequencing (NGS) using the Ion S5 system to detect mutations among 50 oncogenes on the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel.

Results:
The Ion Torrent platform detected a higher number of CTCs than those in previous studies using the CellSearchTM system. Overall, mutations were detected in 13/16 (81.3%) patients with a median number of 18 (range 12–25). NGS isolated 17 hotspot mutations from 11 genes and 41 novel genomic alterations from 24 genes, some of which are supposed to be clinically actionable.

Conclusions:
The Ion Torrent platform efficiently detected CTCs compared with previous reports. NGS with the present system also allowed for detection of gene alterations which are likely to be therapeutic targets and provided an attractive tool to guide personalized therapy for patients with advanced UC.
Comparison of Vision-related Quality of Life Between Normal Tension Glaucoma and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Chun Yeoun Sook , Sung Kyung Rim , Park Chan Kee , Kim Hwang Ki , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon , Park Ki Ho , Kim Chan Yun , Choi Kyu-Ryong , Lee Kyoo Won , Han Seungbong , Kim Chang-sik 
Published: March 2022

Précis:
Although there was little difference in overall vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) between patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) after controlling for confounding factors, POAG tended to have poorer VRQOL, especially in social functioning and dependency, than NTG.

Purpose:
The fundamental goal of treatment of patients with glaucoma is to preserve their VRQOL. The aim of this study was to compare VRQOL between patients with NTG and those with POAG.

Materials and Methods:
The self-reported National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) survey was performed, including clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic data from 506 Korean patients with NTG and 287 with POAG. The mean deviation of the integrated binocular visual field was calculated using the best location method. The NEI VFQ-25 results were evaluated by Rasch analysis to control item difficulty and variation in individual response ability. Propensity score matching was used to control for various confounding factors affecting VRQOL.

Results:
Although patients with POAG tended to have worse VRQOL than those with NTG, there was no statistically significant between-group difference in ocular pain, near and distance activities, mental health, role difficulties, ability to drive, and the overall composite score. However, the social functioning (P=0.016) and dependency (P=0.026) were significantly poorer in POAG patients.

Conclusions:
Overall VRQOL in patients with NTG and POAG was found to be similar. However, social functioning and dependency were significantly worse in those with POAG. These findings are relevant to supporting glaucoma patients.