bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic incentives modify agricultural impacts of nuclear war
Authors: Hochman Gal , Zhang Hainan , Xia Lili , Robock Alan , Saketh Aleti , van der Mensbrugghe Dominique Y , Jägermeyr Jonas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A nuclear war using less than 1% of the current global nuclear arsenal, which would inject 5 Tg of soot into the stratosphere, could produce climate change unprecedented in recorded human history and significant impacts on agricultural productivity and the economy. These effects would be most severe for the first five years after the nuclear war and may last for more than a decade. This paper calculates how food availability would change by employing the Environmental Impact and Sustainability Applied General Equilibrium model. Under a robust world trading system, global food availability would drop by a few percentage points. If the war would destabilize trade, it would magnify by several times the negative ramifications of land productivity shocks on food availability. If exporting countries redirect production to domestic consumption at the expense of importing countries, it would lead to the destabilization of international trade. The analysis suggests that economic models aiming to inform policymakers require both economic behavior analysis and biophysical drivers. Policy lessons derived from a crop model can be significantly nuanced when coupled with economic feedback derived from economic models. Through the impact on yield, farmers could shift production among crops and reallocate land use to maximize profits, showing the importance of general equilibrium effects such as product and input substitution and international trade. Although the global impact on corn and soybean production would be significant when just considering crop production, it could be considerably smaller under the economic model. However, this would be at the expense of other sectors, including livestock. In addition, the costs borne from disruptions to climate would vary significantly across regions, with significant adverse effects in high latitude regions. The severity of the shocks in the high-latitude areas would marginalize the farmers’ product and input substitution ability.
Designing of Higher-Order Series-Parallel resonant converter with improved ZVS under variable source condition for constant DC-bus System
Authors: Sharma Shivam , Kaur Gagandeep , Sharma Naveen K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvery Renewable based energy source requires an additional buffer unit to deliver power to either a standalone system or a grid system. Most of the time unit buffer either provides constant voltage DC-power or AC-power. Higher efficiency in the conversion process can only be achieved if ongoing losses of the buffer system are low. Square sine control approach for Higher-Order Series-Parallel resonant DC-DC Converter is presented in the paper which provides excellent results in both highly and lightly loaded conditions. This control also provides stable bandwidth for input voltage source acceptance which is mostly to be considered as a PV-based source. The strategy also enhances the reliability of the converter by providing a stable and most delightful way of soft switching triggering so as to maintain the output voltage by un-affecting the switching cycle of the Solid-State Semi-conducting Device (SSSD). Selection for the components used in converter design was also studied with a susceptive case study. Further to this control for the entire converter unit is maintained to single variable control so as to reduce the complexity of the system and enhance efficiency. The simulated results of the programmable single variable square sine-wave control is presented for the higher-order resonant converter operating under variable input condition.
A Critical Review of Coating on AISI 1045 Steel Substrate by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF)
Authors: Alam Md Sarfaraz , Das Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Coating of surface is a cost-effective way to make materials, equipment, and machine components with desired surface characteristics including high hardness, resistance against erosion, wear and corrosion. To obtain the necessary characteristics, several coatings are employed. The surface characteristic of the AISI1045 steel is not optimum, despite its desired strength, resistance against wear, hardness or corrosion. Thermal spraying is currently a leading way in which materials are avoided for days to wear abrasively, corrosion at high temperatures, erosive wear and stress because of increased material life in use. Spraying using high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) is a kind of thermal spraying noted for its resistance against wear, micro-hardness and thick micro structured coatings. The aim of this review paper is to provide a state-of-the-art about the research done by various scholars to improve physical, mechanical, wear, erosion and corrosion characteristics of AISI 1045 by the application of different or combination of coating powders utilising the HVOF Spray method.
A Review on Electrical and Electronics Part of 3D Printer
Authors: Kiranlal S , Brathikan V M , Anandh B , Vikash S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
3D printing is one of the additive manufacturing technologies in the everyday field where three-dimensional objects are created by laying down successive layers. The electrical parts hold nearly 80% process of the printer. The major electrical components are the controller, motor, sensors, and extruders. In present years, FDM technology (Fused Deposition Modelling) is one of the most widely used 3D printers. This paper will give detailed information on the electrical and electronic parts of the 3D printer and its types. It gives the information of each controller with the respective data. The division of each electrical part in a printer is analyzed.
Design and implementation of RESTFUL API based model for vulnerability detection and mitigation
Authors: Modi Bhavya , Chourasia Uday , Pandey Rajeev 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the rapid rise of online applications in the contemporary digital world, security concerns are also developing day by day. A web application is a collection of several web pages that are kept on a server. It is stated that as the economy grows, so will the security risks. There are numerous current web vulnerabilities that are still a significant concern, and with time, there will be much more new vulnerability that emerges as technology advances. In this paper, There is a detailed study of various web threats i.e., vulnerabilities that are emerging and proposed a system which detects those vulnerabilities, resolves them for the user and generates a user log for the administrator to monitor the type of vulnerabilities. In the proposed model we have generated the system in the format of API. In the testing phase we’ve detected various web vulnerabilities such as SQL Injections, Cross Site Scripting, Session Hijacking, Unauthorized access, Middle man attack etc.
Machining of Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement-based nanocomposite using Combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) theory
Authors: Vidyasagar Virat Mani , Kumar Kuldeep , Dubey Umang , Kesarwani Shivi , Verma Rajesh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has become an effective biomaterial in orthopedic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility and mechanical properties. A machining test is essential required while using PMMA bone cement nanocomposite in implant applications. Drilling on the prosthetic product is mainly needed when using PMMA to insert bolts for safety and fixation in the human body. The drilling on bone cement-based prostheses is the most often used machining method during bone-grafting and implant interface surgical procedures. Henceforth, this article focus on the relatively new Combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) theory to study the influence of varying process variables on the drilling performance of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) infused PMMA bone cement nanocomposites. The control of process constraints, namely, GNP weight percentage (Wt.%), spindle speed (SPEED), and drill bit tool material (TOOL) such as HSS, Carbide, and TiAlN, is mainly done to achieve the desired value of Surface roughness (SR) and Material removal rate (MRR) during the drilling experimentation. Using the CoCoSo technique, the optimum setting was attained as Wt.% = 4, SPEED = 1428 rpm, and a Carbide drill bit tool. The synthesized sample was also subjected to an XRD examination to validate the appropriate infusion of nanomaterials in PMMA bone cement. The flexural analysis of the developed nanocomposite sample indicates that mechanical property improves significantly due to the supplement of GNP in PMMA. The findings of the proposed nanocomposites material show its feasibility in biomedical functions. Also, the drilling optimization results demonstrate new criteria to control the quality and productivity indices. It can be recommended for multicriteria optimization case studies.
Stability Enhancement of Electric Power Systems by Employing Variable Frequency Transformer
Authors: Mushtaq Basit , Mufti Mairaj-Ud-Din 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Economical and technical advantages inherent in the coordinated operation of power systems resulted in large-scale grid interconnection. The major concern regarding the interconnection of the neighbouring power systems with relatively weak tie-lines is the appearance of poorly damped electromechanical oscillations. Inter-area (IA) oscillations reduce system stability and transmission capacity, and without an efficient damping mechanism, these oscillations can cause system failure and even lead to large-scale blackouts. In this work, the impact of variable frequency transformer (VFT) on the IA oscillations of a two-area power system connected in series with the tie-line is investigated. The VFT is a recent power transmission technology that offers continuous control over bi-directional power flow with no harmonic injection. The VFT is made up of a rotary transformer for continuously regulated phase shift, as well as a drive system and control that regulates the power flow through the VFT by adjusting the angle and speed of the rotary transformer. The VFT is controlled to increase system damping, and consequently suppress inter-area oscillations. A comprehensive model of the interconnected power system including VFT is developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to study the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Review on various materials used in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Sangeetha N , Monish P , Brathikan V M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
3D printing or Additive manufacturing or Rapid prototyping is a technology where 3D structures are designed and printed which is currently doing good for the manufacturing sector of many industries such as automotive, aerospace, medical, jewellery, constructions etc. Additive Manufacturing is a fast-emerging technology which has been exceedingly used for mass customization and fabrication of free design sourced products. Additive manufacturing is a method where the materials are put together in a desired shape via a certain process with the appropriate material type. The property of the materials used for 3D printing is highly dependent on the type and composition of the material. The various types and compositions of materials hugely impacts their implementation in potential applications which is discussed in this paper. The dominantly used materials, their composition, their properties, their applications and their future scope are discussed. This paper gives a clear overview on the material technology used in the additive manufacturing industry.
A review on various types of densification/briquetting technologies of biomass residues
Authors: Vaish Sunny , Sharma Naveen Kumar , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The growing development, industrialization and population is the main reason of the increment in the global power demand around the world. The conventional power resources are limited and not eco-friendly as well as diminished in the future. Now, every country is move towards the more utilization of renewable energy resources. The biomass renewable energy source is one of them. The biomass residues material can be utilized for the production of power and also overcome the problem of decomposition of agricultural wastes and other wastes products by conversion into solid biomass fuels. The conversion of scattered agricultural residues/wastes into the useful product (biomass fuel) through the technology known as densification. The densification process supports the more utilization of renewable source and clean energy demands. The environmental challenges related with burning of biomass residues in the open field can be minimized by the densification of biomass residues. The densification is the process of compaction or densifying the biomass residues or waste through the application of various pressure levels. The challenges associated with handling, storage and transportation of biomass residues can also be minimize by densification technology. Briquettes and pellets are the end product of densification applications. The various types of densification pressure application and comparison have been discussed in the paper.
Comparison of the emissions of different biofuels with fossil fuel through the utilization of GREET Model
Authors: Hira Jaspreet , Chaudhary Nalin , Dogra Bharat Ankur , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Vikas , Rani Kavita 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Biofuels are the alternate solutions in the fossil fuel family and has been mainly utilized for the reduction in the emissions that are been generated through I.C. engine combustion. This comparison study basically works on the emission characteristics of various types of biofuels with the existing fossil fuel utilized in an internal combustion engine. Through the research work it has been concluded that the biofuels or contributing to the lower emission levels as compared to fossil fuels. According to the Greet model study, methanol produced by gasification is the best recommended fuel for combustion with the lowest emission levels. This study shown that using methanol fuel produced by gasification results in the lowest GHG emission value of 11.44 gm using the GREET model.
Exploitation of polypyrrole nanostructured thin films for detecting poisonous lead metal ions using surface plasmon resonance technique
Authors: Paliwal A , Tyagi U P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Optical refractive index sensor based on highly sensitive and reliable technique i.e. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) uses the principle of refractive index change at the interface of metal and dielectric for sensitive detection of analyte. In SPR configuration, Surface Plasmon (SP) mode is excited at the interface. Polymer film of polypyrrole nanostructured thin film was prepared using chemical route and spin coating method. Lead metal ions solution was prepared of different concentration. The resonance parameters of the prepared sensor structure showed a systematic variation with continuous rise in the concentration of lead ions. The prepared sensor structure i.e. prism/Au/PPy is found to be highly sensitive towards detecting lead ions at room temperature. The sensor was tested for a concentration range varying from 0.5 to 50 ppm and found to exhibit fast response and recovery time. Sensitivity ∼ 0.767 °/ppm was achieved for the presently prepared sensor for detecting low concentration of 0.5 to 10 ppm.
Performance Assessment of IEEE/IEC Method and Duval Triangle technique for Transformer Incipient Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Manisha  , Kaur Kulraj , Sharma Naveen Kumar , Singh Jashandeep , Bhalla Deepika 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Power transformers are among the most important equipment in a power system. The assessment of the transformer’s condition which is connected to a system is needed to avoid disastrous failures and the subsequent power outages. Although transformers are highly dependable and efficient, but are always under the influence of thermal, electrical stresses which are caused due to the deterioration of transformer insulation. Internal faults in a transformer can be classified as incipient faults and internal short circuit faults. The former type of faults develops over an extended period of time and lead to the degradation of insulation. Incipient faults are generally the result of deterioration of the dielectric strength of transformer mineral oil due to hydrolysis, pyrolysis, and oxidation, which result in the formation of gases that are collected in the gap between the oil and tank and partially get dissolved in it. If incipient conditions are not corrected timely, they may finally lead to collapse of the system where such a transformer is installed. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) methods are extensively accepted by utilities for detection of developing faults. In this work, the brief study of two of the prevalent DGA methods for identification of incipient faults has been carried out. The methods that have been studied are IEEE/IEC Ratio Method and Duval’s Triangle Method. The published DGA data where the actual fault is known is used for identification of the incipient faults and the results have been compared.
Equivalent models of solar photovoltaic cells and discuss the effects of resistance on maximum output power curve
Authors: Vaish Sunny , Sharma Naveen Kumar , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The usage of renewable energy for power generation plays a key role in power sector through reduces the noxious impacts of conventional fuels to generate power. Solar photovoltaic is a clean and emission-free renewable energy sources which is widely used for the power generation in the world. The solar photovoltaic array is made up of solar modules. These modules are act as an interfacing unit. The conversion process from sunlight to electricity is obtained through modules. But, the generation of power through involving the solar photovoltaic is dependent on variation of environments. The solar photovoltaic arrays have non-linear characteristics and depend on available solar insolation and operating temperature. A problem can be raised if these cells have not synchronized with each other. The variation of series resistance can cause the more absorption of current by the leakage current resistance. Due to this, a substantial reduction of current flows through the load circuit. So, the variation in shunt (parallel) resistance and series resistance can obtained a significant change in output characteristics. The data sheet provided by manufacturer of solar photovoltaic module contains current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics. The datasheet contains various parameters of solar module. But there are some parameters not provided in the datasheet by the manufacturer. This paper presents the effect of series resistance (Rs) and parallel resistance (Rp) on solar photovoltaic characteristics curves. The variation in characteristics curve (or maximum power output curve) well shown by the graphical representations.
Java script animation of generator rotors under different modes of oscillation in two area four machine system
Authors: Manzoor Aaqib , Mufti Mairaj ud Din , Nabi Mohammad Younis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComputer technology advancements aid in the creation of instructional plans that allow students to study in a variety of ways. Animations and digital maps make it easier to understand abstract concepts and ensure that learning is permanent. Animation is a technique of creating continuous motion and shape change illusion. Interconnected power system often seems to be an intractably intricate morass of equations and ad hoc rules of thumb. Lack in visibility impedes learning about the power system phenomena. Animation can help us to convey information that would otherwise require a thousand or more words. This work is all about the development of a visualization tool in order to understand oscillatory dynamics of generator rotor. The power vs phase angle curve gradient interacting with generator rotor inertia forms an equivalent mass spring system. So, by this very reason different modes of oscillation in mass spring system are animated. A two area four machine system is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink by using Kron reduction technique and different modes of oscillation are analyzed. Later the animation of generator rotors of two area system are created with the help of HTML, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and Java Script. Each animation is coupled to the results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink under different modes of oscillation.
Research on concrete compressive strength in existing reinforced concrete elements with Schmidt hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity method and destructive testing of cores
Authors: Ivanchev I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Concrete is a widely used material in construction. Quality control, maintenance and extending its service life are major issues after the construction stage and during the service of reinforced concrete buildings and facilities. This article presents the author’s experimental results for determining the compressive strength of concrete for tests on 12 reinforced concrete beams at the age of concrete 1926th day. In previous studies, some of the beams were loaded to a stage corresponding to the yield strength of the longitudinal tensile reinforcement, and others to a loading stage before yield, reaching a maximum crack width of 0.3 mm. The reinforced concrete elements were kept indoors for two years, and for the next more than three years they were left outdoors, exposed to external atmospheric influences. In the research was used combination of non-destructive and partially destructive techniques. The compressive strength of the concrete was determined using the method of elastic rebound (Schmidt hammer), ultrasonic pulse velocity method and partially destructive techniques - core sampling. The relative errors in the values of compressive strength obtained by the different methods were calculated. A comparative analysis of the experimentally obtained results by different methods was made. The tests were performed according to European standards for non-destructive and destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures.
Cavity engineering of Hubbard U via phonon polaritons
Authors: Le Dé Brieuc , Eckhardt Christian J , Kennes Dante M , Sentef Michael A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pump-probe experiments have suggested the possibility to control electronic correlations by driving infrared-active (IR-active) phonons with resonant midinfrared laser pulses. In this work we study two possible microscopic nonlinear electron-phonon interactions behind these observations, namely coupling of the squared lattice displacement either to the electronic density or to the double occupancy. We investigate whether photon-phonon coupling to quantized light in an optical cavity enables similar control over electronic correlations. We first show that inside a dark cavity electronic interactions increase, ruling out the possibility that T

c
in superconductors can be enhanced via effectively decreased electron-electron repulsion through nonlinear electron-phonon coupling in a cavity. We further find that upon driving the cavity, electronic interactions decrease. Two different regimes emerge: (i) a strong coupling regime where the phonons show a delayed response at a time proportional to the inverse coupling strength, and (ii) an ultra-strong coupling regime where the response is immediate when driving the phonon polaritons resonantly. We further identify a distinctive feature in the electronic spectral function when electrons couple to phonon polaritons involving an IR-active phonon mode, namely the splitting of the shake-off band into three bands. This could potentially be observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.