bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of intralesional sodium stibogluconate for the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis at Boru Meda general hospital, Amhara, Ethiopia: Pragmatic trial
Authors: Tilahun Zewdu Feleke , Tessema Asressie Molla , Zerga Aregash Abebayehu , van Henten Saskia , Lambert Saba Maria 
Published: September 2022

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is generally caused by Leishmania aethiopica in Ethiopia, and is relatively hard to treat. Sodium stibogluconate (SSG) is the only routinely and widely available antileishmanial treatment, and can be used systemically for severe lesions and locally for smaller lesions. There is limited data on the effectiveness of intralesional (IL) SSG for localized CL in Ethiopia and therefore good data is necessary to improve our understanding of the effectiveness of the treatment.

Methodology/Principal findings
A pragmatic (before and after Quazi experimental) study was done to assess the effectiveness of intralesional SSG among localized CL patients at Boru Meda general hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Patients who were assigned to intralesional SSG by the treating physician were eligible for this study. Study subjects were recruited between January and August 2021. Infiltration of intralesional SSG was given weekly to a maximum of six doses. However, when a patient’s lesions were already cured before getting 6 doses, treatment was not conintued, and patient were only asked to come for lesion assessment. Skin slit smears (SSS) were taken each week until they became negative. Outcomes were assessed at day 90, with patients who had 100% reepithelization (for ulcerative lesions) and/or flattening (for indurated lesions) defined as cured. Multi-level logistic regression was done to assess factors associated with cure.
A total of 83 patients were enrolled, and final outcomes were available for 72 (86.75%). From these 72, 43 (59.7%, 95% confidence interval 0.44–0.69) were cured at day 90. Adverse effects were common with 69/72 patients (95.8%) reporting injection site pain. Factors associated with cure were age (OR 1.07 95% CI: 1.07–1.27), being male (OR 1.79, 95% CI: 1.10–2.25), size of the lesion (OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.078–0.94) and skin slit smear (SSS) result +1 grading (OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24–1.73) and +2 grading (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.41–3.89) compared to the SSS grade +6.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed that intralesional sodium stibogluconate resulted in a cure rate of around 60%, with almost all patients experiencing injection site pain. This emphasizes the need for local treatment options which are more patient-friendly and have better cure rates.
Pattern of substance use and substance use disorder in adolescent learners at public secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana
Authors: Olashore Anthony A. , Paruk Saeeda , Maphorisa Taboka , Mosupiemang Boitshepo 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Substance use amongst adolescents remains a global public health challenge. The potential negative health outcomes of substance use suggest the need to understand the pattern of use and the associated factors among adolescents. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of substance use, SUDs, and PD and the associated factors in adolescent learners at public schools in Gaborone, Botswana.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at 13 public secondary schools in Gaborone among 742 students. Assessment tools included the World Health Organization drug questionnaire, DSM-5 interview for SUD, and the General Health Questionnaire-12.

Results
The mean age (SD) of the participants was 15.26 (1.57) years, and there were more females (55.5%). Over two-fifths (44.6%) of learners reported psychoactive substance use in the past 12 months, and 31.5% meeting DSM 5 criteria for a SUD. Alcohol was the most used psychoactive substance (25.1%). Male gender (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.26–2.995), having a friend (AOR = 4.27; 95% CI: 2.68–6.78), or father (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.14–3.04), who uses substance, and higher levels of PD (AOR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03–1.17) remained significantly associated with SUD. Regular participation in religious activities negatively correlated with SUD (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38–0.96).

Conclusion
The high prevalence of substance use and SUDs among in-school adolescents is concerning. Substance use programs need to include family-focused and religious-based therapy and youth empowerment in developing positive peer relationships. Also, they should be integrated with mental health screening to assess comorbid PD.
Parity and mode of birth and their relationships with quality of life: A longitudinal study
Authors: Davis Deborah L. , Wu Chunsen , Brown Wendy J. , Nohr Ellen A. 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To examine how (a) parity and (b) mode of birth were associated with later Quality of Life (QOL) in young adult women, with a mean follow-up of 11.0 years.

Design
Prospective cohort study

Setting
Australia

r sample
A total of 7770 women participating in the 1973–1978 cohort of the Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health.

Methods
Linear regression models were used to estimate (1) prospective associations between parity and mode of birth with eight subscale and two summary scores of the SF36, assessed after a mean follow-up of 11 years., and (2) differences between SF36 scores at follow up for women in different parity and mode of birth categories.

Main outcome measure
Quality of Life as measured by the SF36

Results
Women experiencing no births (parity 0) and one birth (parity 1) had lower scores on all the physical health measures, and on some mental health measures, than women who had 2 births (parity 2) (all p<0.05).

Conclusions
Parity and mode of birth may have long-term implications for women’s physical and mental health. Both childless and women with only one child had poorer physical and mental health than their peers with two children. Women with only caesarean section(s) also had poorer health than women who had vaginal birth/s.
The complexity of examining laboratory-based biological markers associated with mortality in hospitalized patients during early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and evidence map
Authors: Griffith Lauren E. , Ali Muhammad Usman , Andreacchi Alessandra , Loeb Mark , Kenny Meghan , Joshi Divya , Mokashi Vishal , Irshad Ahmed , Ulrich Angela K. , Basta Nicole E. , Raina Parminder , Anderson Laura , Balion Cynthia 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceThe measurement of laboratory biomarkers plays a critical role in managing patients with COVID-19. However, to date most systematic reviews examining the association between laboratory biomarkers and mortality in hospitalized patients early in the pandemic focused on small sets of biomarkers, did not account for multiple studies including patients within the same institutions during overlapping timeframes, and did not include a significant number of studies conducted in countries other than China.ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive summary and an evidence map examining the relationship between a wide range of laboratory biomarkers and mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic in multiple countries.Evidence reviewMEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from Dec 2019 to March 9, 2021. A total of 14,049 studies were identified and screened independently by two raters; data was extracted by a single rater and verified by a second. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Case Series Critical Appraisal tool. To allow comparison across biomarkers, standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to quantify the relationship between laboratory biomarkers and hospital mortality. Meta-regression was conducted to account for clustering within institutions and countries.ResultsOur systematic review included 94 case-series studies from 30 countries. Across all biomarkers, the largest and most precise SMDs were observed forcardiac(troponin (1.03 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.21)), and BNP/NT-proBNP (0.93 (0.52 to 1.34)),inflammatory(IL-6 (0.97 (0.67 to 1.28) and Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (0.94 (0.59 to 1.29)), andrenalbiomarkers (blood urea nitrogen (1.01 (0.79 to 1.23)) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (-0.96 (-1.42 to -0.50)). There was heterogeneity for most biomarkers across countries with studies conducted in China generally having larger effect sizes.Conclusions and relevanceThe results of this study provide an early pandemic summary of the relationship between biomarkers and mortality in hospitalized patients. We found our estimated ESs were generally attenuated compared to previous systematic reviews which predominantly included studies conducted in China. Despite using sophisticated methodology to examine studies across countries, heterogeneity in reporting of case-series studies early in the pandemic limits clinical interpretability.
Comparison of impact accelerations between injury-resistant and recently injured recreational runners
Authors: Burke Aoife , Dillon Sarah , O’Connor Siobhán , Whyte Enda F. , Gore Shane , Moran Kieran A. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Purpose
Previous injury has consistently been shown to be one of the greatest risk factors for running-related injuries (RRIs). Runners returning to participation following injury may still demonstrate injury-related mechanics (e.g. repetitive high impact loading), potentially exposing them to further injuries. The aim of this study was to determine if the magnitude (Peakaccel) and rate of loading (Rateaccel) at the tibia and sacrum differ between runners who have never been injured, those who have acquired injury resistance (runners who have not been injured in the past 2 years) and those who have been recently injured (RRI sustained 3–12 months ago).

Methods
Runners completed an online survey capturing details of their RRI history over the previous 2 years. Never injured runners were matched by sex, quarterly annual mileage and typical training speed to runners who had acquired injury resistance and to runners who had been recently injured. Differences in Peakaccel and Rateaccel of the tibia and sacrum were assessed between the three groups during a treadmill run at a set speed, with consideration for sex.

Results
A total of 147 runners made up the three injury status groups (n: 49 per group). There was a significant main effect of injury status for Peakaccel and Rateaccel at the sacrum, with recently injured runners demonstrating significantly greater Rateaccel than never injured and acquired injury resistant runners. There was also a significant main effect for sex, with females demonstrating greater tibial Peakaccel, sacrum Peakaccel and Rateaccel than males.

Conclusion
Rateaccel at the sacrum distinguishes recently injured runners from never injured runners and runners who may have acquired injury resistance, potentially highlighting poor impact acceleration attenuation in recently injured runners.
Nursing students’ perceptions and experiences of e-internships during the COVID-19 pandemic: A phenomenological study
Authors: Yi Qi-Feng , Yan Jin , Hui Huang , Yang Yan 
Published: September 2022

Background
Clinical internship is an indispensable stage for nursing students to graduate successfully and become qualified nurses. However, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus disease with strong human-to-human transmission, hit China in late 2019 and forced the Chinese government to suspend classes and clinical internships. To cope with this situation, e-internship, which facilitate varied interactions without the need for direct contact, is used as an alternative strategy to help nursing students continue their internships.

Objectives
To describe the perceptions and experiences of undergraduate nursing students in e-internships during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A descriptive phenomenological design was adopted. Seventeen undergraduate nursing students in a major teaching hospital in Changsha, China, were recruited into the study. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Colaizzi’s approach.

Results
Four themes were captured from the data analysis: perceived images of clinical nurses in e-internships, psychological experience, perceived benefits of e-internships, and perceived limitations of e-internships.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that e-internship is a suitable method for training and cultivating undergraduate nursing students during a crisis. To enhance the efficiency of e-internships, guidelines and standards should be formulated, and effective measures should be taken to build better e-internship platforms. In the future, we suggest combine on-site internships with e-internships, thereby fully using their advantages, and improve the efficiency of internships as much as possible.
Design, development, and testing of a voice-text mobile health application to support Tuberculosis medication adherence in Uganda
Authors: Katende Kenneth Kidonge , Amiyo Mercy R. , Nabukeera Sarah , Mugisa Ian , Kaggwa Patrick , Namatovu Stellah , Atwiine Simon Peter , Kasasa Simon 
Published: September 2022

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to persist with a high disease burden globally. Non-adherence to treatment remains a major problem to TB control. In Uganda, one in every four TB patients does not adhere to their TB medication. The purpose of this study was to design, develop and assess implementation of a voice-text-based mobile application to support TB patients’ adherence to medication.

Methods
Design science research methodology (DSRM) was utilized to develop a voice-text-based mobile health application. Agile software methodology was used to achieve steps of DSRM that are; design and development. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and Key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted and data analysed using thematic content analysis.

Results
During problem identification, Stigma, transport costs, being asymptomatic, drug side effects, lack of family support were identified as challenges affecting adherence. Technologies identified and used for the development of the voice-text application included; extensible mark-up language (XML) File, Apache server, Ubuntu Server, Hypertext Pre-processor, and jQuery. In the pilot study, 27 voice messages were broadcasted, 85.2% were delivered, 103 text messages were sent and 92.2% were delivered to the intended recipients.

Conclusions
Voice-text message mobile health application can be used to reach a wider patient population and it has the capability of addressing some of the challenges affecting TB medication adherence.
Vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 outcomes within the French overseas territories: A cohort study of 2-doses vaccinated individuals matched to unvaccinated ones followed up until September 2021 and based on the National Health Data System
Authors: Semenzato Laura , Botton Jérémie , Baricault Bérangère , Deloumeaux Jacqueline , Joachim Clarisse , Sylvestre Emmanuelle , Dray-Spira Rosemary , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud 
Published: September 2022

Importance
Although several observational studies on the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have been published, vaccination coverage by August, 3 2021, remained low in the French overseas territories, despite Martinique and Guadeloupe experiencing an unprecedented number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations. We aimed to determine the association between COVID-19 vaccination and severe COVID-19 in the French overseas territories.

Methods
The French National Health Data System was used to conduct a 1:1 matched-cohort study. For each individual receiving a first dose of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or Ad26.COV2-S vaccine between December 27, 2020, and July 31, 2021, one unvaccinated individual was randomly selected and matched for year of birth, sex, and overseas territories on the date of vaccination. We estimated vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related hospitalization and in-hospital death after a full vaccination schedule, defined as ≥14 days after the second dose. Analyses were stratified according to the number of comorbidities.

Results
276,778 vaccinated individuals had a double-dose vaccination during the follow-up period and were followed with their paired unvaccinated control. The average age was 50 years and 53% were women. During a median 77 days of follow-up from day 14 after the second injection, 96 COVID-19-related hospitalizations occurred among vaccinated individuals and 1,465 among their unvaccinated counterparts. Overall, vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization was 94% (95%CI [93–95]) and exceeded 90% in each overseas territory, except Mayotte. The results were similar looking specifically at hospitalizations between July 15 and September 30, 2021. Vaccine effectiveness against in-hospital death was similar (94% [95%CI 91–96]). The risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization increased with the number of comorbidities, especially among vaccinated individuals.

Conclusions and relevance
In conclusion, vaccination has a major effect in reducing the risk of severe Covid-19 in the French overseas territories. The risk of COVID-19-hospitalization was very low among vaccinated individuals, especially in the absence of comorbidities. These results aim to increase confidence in vaccine effectiveness in overseas territories in hope of achieving better vaccination coverage.
Psychometric properties of performance-based measures of physical function administered via telehealth among people with chronic conditions: A systematic review
Authors: Barry Walsh Caoimhe , Cahalan Roisin , Hinman Rana S. , O’ Sullivan Kieran 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundTelehealth could enhance rehabilitation for people with chronic health conditions. This review examined the psychometric properties of performance-based measures of physical function administered via telehealth among people with chronic health conditions using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) approach.MethodsThis systematic review was registered with Prospero (Registration number: CRD42021262547). Four electronic databases were searched up to June 2022. Study quality was evaluated by two independent reviewers using the COSMIN risk of bias checklist. Measurement properties were rated by two independent reviewers in accordance with COSMIN guidance. Results were summarised according to the COSMIN approach and the modified GRADE approach was used to grade quality of the summarised evidence.ResultsFive articles met the eligibility criteria. These included patients with Parkinson’s Disease (n = 2), stroke (n = 1), cystic fibrosis (n = 1) and chronic heart failure (n = 1). Fifteen performance-based measures of physical function administered via videoconferencing were investigated, spanning measures of functional balance (n = 7), other measures of general functional capacity (n = 4), exercise capacity (n = 2), and functional strength (n = 2). Studies were conducted in Australia (n = 4) and the United States (n = 1). Reliability was reported for twelve measures, with all twelve demonstrating sufficient inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Criterion validity for all fifteen measures was reported, with eight demonstrating sufficient validity and the remaining seven demonstrating indeterminate validity. No studies reported data on measurement error or responsiveness.ConclusionsSeveral performance-based measures of physical function across the domains of exercise capacity, strength, balance and general functional capacity may have sufficient reliability and criterion validity when administered via telehealth. However, the evidence is of low-very low quality, reflecting the small number of studies conducted and the small sample sizes included in the studies. Future research is needed to explore the measurement error, responsiveness, interpretability and feasibility of these measures administered via telehealth.
Late-Onset Acute Liver Injury From Azathioprine
Authors: Schwartz Benjamin , Al-Sabti Ram , Reau Nancy 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Azathioprine is a widely prescribed immunosuppressant. Although hepatotoxicity is rare, it commonly presents as mild asymptomatic liver enzyme elevation or acute cholestatic liver injury. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman who presented with jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, and elevated aminotransferases in a cholestatic pattern. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram demonstrated no abnormalities, and recently started medications were discontinued without improvement. Liver biopsy was performed, which was consistent with drug-induced liver injury. Despite multiple years of treatment without issue, after azathioprine was discontinued, symptoms and laboratory abnormalities resolved. This case highlights azathioprine's potential for hepatotoxicity even multiple years after initiation.
More Than Strength from Within: Cultivating Teacher Resilience During COVID-19
Authors: Fox Harriet B. , Walter Heather L. 
Published: September 2022

Significant added stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to compound and exacerbate historic concerns about burnout and turnover within the teaching profession. This study used a convergent mixed methods design to investigate experiences of teacher well-being in the beginning months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, quantitative surveys investigated relationships among stress, school connectedness, and teacher efficacy among 146 teachers. Interviews with 16 teachers explored their qualitative perceptions of well-being, how they personally navigated the challenges of teaching remotely, and what their school and/or districts did to support teacher well-being. Interviewed teachers could be classified as growing, coping, or discouraged. Findings suggest that both individual and environmental factors contributed to a sense of well-being among growing and coping teachers.
Sengkarut Resistensi Pembangunan Jakarta: Dinamika Sinergisitas Pembangunan antara Kepentingan Pemerintah dengan Masyarakat
Authors: Junia Belle Risca 
Published: September 2022

Pembangunan nasional pada dasarnya sangat membutuhkan kesinergian antara masyarakat dan Pemerintah. Masyarakat adalah pelaku utama dalam pembangunan dan Pemerintah berkewajiban untuk mengarahkan, membimbing, serta menciptakan suasana yang menunjang. Kegiatan masyarakat dan kegiatan Pemerintah harus saling menunjang, mengisi, dan melengkapi dalam mewujudkan pembangunan nasional. Namun, implementasi pembangunan yang digencarkan pihak-pihak tertentu kerap tidak menemui titik temu dalam menyelaraskan dua kepentingan yang berbeda, yaitu pihak Pemerintah dan masyarakat. Karena kepentingan yang dirasa berbeda inilah masyarakat menolak pembangunan yang dirasa 'mengoyak' kepentingan mereka. Penolakan inilah yang diwujudkan dalam resistensi. Pola pembangunan yang bersifat top-down sudah lama dan masih cenderung diterapkan di Indonesia. Pembangunan top-down ini didasarkan pada perencanaan elitis yang sering mengabaikan dan mengeksklusi kepentingan kelas bawah. Hingga saat ini, Indonesia masih mengalami berbagai dinamika pembangunan yang dilakukan berbagai pihak di berbagai wilayah dan daerah yang kerap terjadi, penggusuran mengatasnamakan kepentingan umum dan berdalih demi pembangunan. Contohnya, di Jakarta, dalam setahun tidak hanya ada satu, dua, tetapi bahkan belasan kasus penggusuran. Berdasarkan catatan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Jakarta, terjadi 113 kasus penggusuran pada tahun 2015.Kata kunci: Sengkarut, resistensi, pembangunan, sinergi, masyarakat, pemerintah, kepentingan.