bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a new Hydrate of Manganese Thiocyanate with the Composition Mn(NCS)2(H2O)2
Authors: Näther Christian , Jess Inke , Krebs Christoph , Poschmann Mirjam P. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe reaction of Mn(NCS)2 with 3‐cyanopyridine in water accidentally leads to the formation of single crystals of Mn(NCS)2(H2O)2 (1). If the synthesis is performed without 3‐cyanopyridine, the known tetrahydrate Mn(NCS)2(H2O)4 is formed. In the crystal structure of the new hydrate, the Mn2+ cations are linked by pairs of μ‐1,3‐bridging anionic ligands to chains, which are further connected via Mn(NCS)2(H2O)4 units into layers, that are additionally stabilized by intralayer hydrogen bonding. These layers are linked by interlayer hydrogen bonding into a 3D network. The structure of 1 shows strong similarities to that of both the tetrahydrate and of Mn(NCS)2. The synthesis from water always leads to the tetrahydrate, which is also obtained, when Mn(NCS)2 is stored in a humid atmosphere. Thermoanalytical measurements on the tetrahydrate show a more complicated behavior, which includes melting at about 46 °C and on cooling sometimes the dihydrate is observed. If the tetrahydrate is stored in vacuum at room temperature, the dihydrate forms before the transformation to the anhydrate is observed. Isothermic water sorption measurements prove, that at low humidity the dihydrate is obtained, which transforms into the tetrahydrate at higher humidities.
Bodies, Medicine and Otherness
Authors: Cloatre Emilie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I explore how I would approach the hypothetical exercise of writing a chapter for a book on ‘Law and the Body’. As a socio-legal scholar whose work is mostly on issues of law and medicine, the theme of the book would echo quite closely much of the focus of my work. Yet, I have not to date engaged as explicitly with the body as such a specific invitation would require. As a result, the exercise would be one of thinking through a new lens about my ongoing research, and empirical data, and engaging both familiar and less familiar questions and resources. In this piece, I try to chart what the process and its outcome may look like, proposing that my focus would be on a particular series of empirical questions that have emerged as I researched the regulation of traditional healing in Senegal.
Eine nicht alltägliche tumorassoziierte Thrombose
Authors: Poulose Rosemary , Derda Anselm A. , Omar Mohamed , von Falck Christian , Länger Florian , Tillmanns Jochen , Groh Adrian , Bauersachs Johann , Napp L. Christian 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungEs wird über den Fall einer tiefen Beinvenenthrombose berichtet, bei dem im Rahmen der Diagnostik ein zuvor nicht bekanntes Chondrosarkom entdeckt wurde. In der körperlichen Untersuchung zeigte sich am rechten Knie dorsal eine feste, nicht verschiebliche Raumforderung, die in der Sonographie als zystische Formation imponierte. Röntgen, Computertomographie und Kernspintomographie zeigten typische Befunde einer sekundär entarteten kartilaginären Exostose, die sehr wahrscheinlich über lokale Kompression und ggf. über paraneoplastische Mechanismen die Entstehung der Thrombose begünstigt hatte. Nach Resektion des Tumors wurde die präoperativ begonnene Antikoagulation fortgeführt. In Zusammenschau aller Befunde wurde die endgültige Diagnose eines hochdifferenzierten sekundären Chondrosarkoms mit Thrombose der Poplitealvene gestellt.
RORA alleviates LPS-induced apoptosis of renal epithelial cells by promoting PGC-1α transcription
Authors: Li Dayong , Liu Guanlan , Wu Yundou 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effect of RORA on LPS-induced renal epithelial cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanism.

Methods
LPS-treated HK-2 cells were established as a cellular model of acute kidney injury. The expression of RORA or/and PGC-1α in LPS-induced HK-2 cells was altered by transfection. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression changes of RORA and PGC-1α. ELISA was performed to detect the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 and the activity of caspase-3. Western blotting was applied for visualization of cleaved caspase-3. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP-qPCR were utilized to verify the binding of RORA to PGC-1α promoter.

Results
LPS treatment decreased the expression of RORA and PGC-1α and increased that of cleaved caspase-3 in HK-2 cells. Also, LPS treatment inhibited HK-2 cell proliferation and promoted HK-2 cell apoptosis and secretion of IL-1β and IL-6. Overexpression of RORA or PGC-1α eliminated the adverse effects of LPS treatment in HK-2 cells. RORA drove the transcription of PGC-1α by binding PGC-1α promoter. Knockdown of PGC-1α offset the reduction in HK-2 cell injury caused by overexpression of RORA.

Conclusion
RORA reduces LPS-induced apoptosis of renal epithelial cells by promoting PGC-1α transcription.
Ethical responsibility and computational design: bespoke surgical tools as an instructive case study
Authors: Douglas David M. , Lacey Justine , Howard David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractComputational design uses artificial intelligence (AI) to optimise designs towards user-determined goals. When combined with 3D printing, it is possible to develop and construct physical products in a wide range of geometries and materials and encapsulating a range of functionality, with minimal input from human designers. One potential application is the development of bespoke surgical tools, whereby computational design optimises a tool’s morphology for a specific patient’s anatomy and the requirements of the surgical procedure to improve surgical outcomes. This emerging application of AI and 3D printing provides an opportunity to examine whether new technologies affect the ethical responsibilities of those operating in high-consequence domains such as healthcare. This research draws on stakeholder interviews to identify how a range of different professions involved in the design, production, and adoption of computationally designed surgical tools, identify and attribute responsibility within the different stages of a computationally designed tool’s development and deployment. Those interviewed included surgeons and radiologists, fabricators experienced with 3D printing, computational designers, healthcare regulators, bioethicists, and patient advocates. Based on our findings, we identify additional responsibilities that surround the process of creating and using these tools. Additionally, the responsibilities of most professional stakeholders are not limited to individual stages of the tool design and deployment process, and the close collaboration between stakeholders at various stages of the process suggests that collective ethical responsibility may be appropriate in these cases. The role responsibilities of the stakeholders involved in developing the process to create computationally designed tools also change as the technology moves from research and development (R&D) to approved use.
Harmonized Phenotypes for Anxiety, Depression, and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Jović Miljan , Agarwal Kratika , Whitehouse Andrew , van den Berg Stéphanie M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn multi-cohort consortia, the problem often arises that a phenotype is measured using different questionnaires. This study aimed to harmonize scores based on the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for anxiety/depression and ADHD. To link the scales, we used parent reports on 1330 children aged 10–11.5 years from the Raine study on both SDQ and CBCL. Harmonization was done based on Item Response Theory. We started from existing CBCL and SDQ scales related to anxiety/depression and ADHD (theoretical approach). Next, we conducted a data-driven approach using factor analysis to validate the theoretical approach. Both approaches yielded similar scales, validating the combination of existing scales. In addition, we studied the impact of harmonized (IRT-based) scores on the statistical power of the results in meta-analytic gene-finding studies. The results showed that the IRT-based harmonized scores increased the statistical power of the results compared to sum scores, even with an equal sample size. These findings can help future researchers to harmonize data from different samples and/or different questionnaires that measure anxiety, depression, and ADHD, in order to obtain the larger sample sizes, to compare research results across subpopulations or to increase generalizability, the validity or statistical power of research results. We recommend using our item parameters to estimate harmonized scores that represent commensurate phenotypes across cohorts, and we explained in detail how other researchers can use our results to harmonize data in their studies.
Ordinal health disparities between population subgroups: measurement and multivariate analysis with an application to the North-South divide in England
Authors: Allanson Paul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHealth disparities between population subgroups classified on the basis of nominal characteristics such as sex, caste, race or region are of major academic and policy concern. The paper develops a novel analytical framework to not only measure differences in ordinal health outcomes between population subgroups but also account for such disparities in terms of the individual-level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of their members. The measurement approach is directly applicable to the ordinal health and well-being data commonly available from general social surveys, building on the concept of statistical preference to motivate the definition of summary indices of comparative subgroup health and between-group variation in health. The analysis employs indirect standardisation techniques based on the estimation of a health distribution regression model for the population to identify the effects of compositional and conditional health differences on subgroup health outcomes. An illustrative empirical study finds that about half of the regional variation in self-reported health within England in 2016/17 can be accounted for by sociodemographic factors, with age and educational qualifications both more important predictors than income.
‘The High Five Club’: Social Relations and Perspectives on HIV-Related Stigma During an HIV Outbreak in West Virginia
Authors: Mars Sarah G. , Koester Kimberly A. , Ondocsin Jeff , Mars Valerie , Mars Gerald , Ciccarone Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the United States, HIV outbreaks are occurring in areas most affected by the opioid epidemic, including West Virginia (WV). Cultural Theory contends that multiple cultures co-exist within societies distinguished by their differing intensities of rules or norms of behavior (‘grid’) or degree of group allegiance/individual autonomy (‘group’). Accordingly, we would expect that perceptions about HIV, including stigma, correspond with individuals’ grid/group attributes. To explore this, we conducted qualitative interviews with people who inject drugs (PWID) recruited from a WV syringe service program. This paper focuses on our unexpected findings on stigma during a coinciding HIV outbreak. PWID living homeless identified as belonging to a ‘street family’. Its members were mutually distrustful and constrained by poverty and drug dependence but despite their conflicts, reported openness between each other about HIV + status. Interviewees living with HIV perceived little enacted stigma from peers since the local outbreak. Contrasting stigmatizing attitudes were attributed to the town’s mainstream society. The ‘High Five’ (Hi-V) Club, expressing defiance towards stigmatizing behavior outside the street family, epitomized the tensions between a desire for solidary and mutual support and a fatalistic tendency towards division and distrust. Fatalism may hinder cooperation, solidarity and HIV prevention but may explain perceived reductions in stigma.
Boundedness of the Riesz potential in central Morrey–Orlicz spaces
Authors: Burtseva Evgeniya , Maligranda Lech , Matsuoka Katsuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBoundedness of the maximal operator and the Calderón–Zygmund singular integral operators in central Morrey–Orlicz spaces were proved in papers (Maligranda et al. in Colloq Math 138:165–181, 2015; Maligranda et al. in Tohoku Math J 72:235–259, 2020) by the second and third authors. The weak-type estimates have also been proven. Here we show boundedness of the Riesz potential in central Morrey–Orlicz spaces and the corresponding weak-type version.
Does the entrepreneurial state crowd out entrepreneurship?
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Fiedler Antje 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper argues that an entrepreneurial state can inadvertently crowd out entrepreneurship. Using the context provided by Singapore, the paper finds that coordinated policies that prioritize and target capital, knowledge, and human capital accumulation in particular industries, sectors, technologies, and firms have created a formidable societal knowledge filter, which in turn can impede endogenous entrepreneurial activity. By serving as the entrepreneur, Singapore’s entrepreneurial state imposes its vision by assuming the core entrepreneurial values and traits of opportunity recognition, discovery, and action. The entrepreneurial state, at least in the case of Singapore, retards the transition to an entrepreneurial society, which, paradoxically, is the vision of Singapore’s entrepreneurial state.
Science, assertion, and the common ground
Authors: Dethier Corey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractI argue that the appropriateness of an assertion is sensitive to context—or, really, the “common ground”—in a way that hasn’t previously been emphasized by philosophers. This kind of context-sensitivity explains why some scientific conclusions seem to be appropriately asserted even though they are not known, believed, or justified on the available evidence. I then consider other recent attempts to account for this phenomenon and argue that if they are to be successful, they need to recognize the kind of context-sensitivity that I argue for.
Knowing more (about questions)
Authors: Habgood-Coote Joshua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHow should we measure knowledge? According to theCounting Approach, we can measure knowledge by counting pieces of knowledge. Versions of the Counting Approach that try to measure knowledge by counting true beliefs with suitable support or by counting propositions known run into problems, stemming from infinite numbers of propositions and beliefs, difficulties in individuating propositions and beliefs, and cases in which knowing the same number of propositions contributes differently to knowledge. In this paper I develop a novel question-relative and contextualist version of the counting approach, which measures an agent's knowledge by counting the number of complete answers of a contextually salient issue they can rule out. The question-relative and contextualist version of the Counting Approach avoids the issues for the proposition and belief-based systems, and offers a general, systematic, and explanatory system for measuring knowledge.
Air, Helium and Water Leakage in Rubber O-ring Seals with Application to Syringes
Authors: Huon C. , Tiwari A. , Rotella C. , Mangiagalli P. , Persson B. N. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the leakage of fluids (liquids or gases) in syringes with glass barrel, steel plunger and rubber O-ring stopper. The leakrate depends on the interfacial surface roughness and on the viscoelastic properties of the rubber. Random surface roughness is produced by sandblasting the rubber O-rings. We present a very simple theory for gas flow which takes into account both the diffusive and ballistic flow. The theory shows that the interfacial fluid flow (leakage) channels are so narrow that the gas flow is mainly ballistic (the so called Knudsen limit). We compare the leakrate obtained using air and helium. For barrels filled with water we observe no leakage even if leakage occurs for gases. We interpret this as resulting from capillary (Laplace pressure or surface energy) effects.
Extracellular secretion of a cutinase with polyester-degrading potential by E. coli using a novel signal peptide from Amycolatopsis mediterranei
Authors: Tan Yeqi , Henehan Gary T. , Kinsella Gemma K. , Ryan Barry J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent studies in this laboratory showed that an extracellular cutinase from A. mediterranei (AmCut) was able to degrade the plastics polycaprolactone and polybutylene succinate. Such plastics can be slow to degrade in soils due to a lack of efficient polyester degrading organisms. AmCut also showed potential for the biocatalytic synthesis of esters by reverse hydrolysis. The gene for AmCut has an upstream leader sequence whose transcript is not present in the purified enzyme. In this study, we show using predictive modelling, that this sequence codes for an N-terminal signal peptide that directs transmembrane expression via the Sec secretion pathway. E. coli is a useful host for recombinant enzymes used in biocatalysis due to the ease of genetic manipulation in this organism, which allows tuning of enzymes for specific applications, by mutagenesis. When a truncated GST-tagged AmCut gene (lacking its signal peptide) was expressed in E. coli, all cutinase activity was observed in the cytosolic fraction. However, when GST-tagged AmCut was expressed in E. coli along with its native signal peptide, cutinase activity was observed in both the periplasmic space and the culture medium. This finding revealed that the native signal peptide of a Gram-positive organism (AmCut) was being recognised by the Gram-negative (E. coli) Sec transmembrane transport system. AmCut was transported into E. coli’s periplasmic space from where it was released into the culture medium. Surprisingly, the presence of a bulky GST tag at the N-terminus of the signal peptide did not hinder transmembrane targeting. Although the periplasmic targeting was unexpected, it is not unprecedented due to the conservation of the Sec pathway across species. It was more surprising that AmCut was secreted from the periplasmic space into the culture medium. This suggests that extracellular AmCut translocation across the E. coli outer membrane may involve non-classical secretion pathways. This tuneable recombinant E. coli expressing extracellular AmCut may be useful for degradation of polyester substrates in the environment; this and other applications are discussed.
Graphical abstract
Classification and distribution of freshwater microplastics along the Italian Po river by hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Fiore Ludovica , Serranti Silvia , Mazziotti Cristina , Riccardi Elena , Benzi Margherita , Bonifazi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, freshwater microplastic samples collected from four different stations along the Italian Po river were characterized in terms of abundance, distribution, category, morphological and morphometrical features, and polymer type. The correlation between microplastic category and polymer type was also evaluated. Polymer identification was carried out developing and implementing a new and effective hierarchical classification logic applied to hyperspectral images acquired in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR: 1000–2500 nm). Results showed that concentration of microplastics ranged from 1.89 to 8.22 particles/m3, the most abundant category was fragment, followed by foam, granule, pellet, and filament and the most diffused polymers were expanded polystyrene followed by polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride, with some differences in polymer distribution among stations. The application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a rapid and non-destructive method to classify freshwater microplastics for environmental monitoring represents a completely innovative approach in this field.
Out of sight, but not out of mind: a case study of the collaborative development of a university-wide orientation resource for online students
Authors: Garivaldis Filia Joanne , Chung Jennifer , Braganza Leah , Arulkadacham Lilani , Sharma Richa , Reupert Andrea , McKenzie Stephen , Rose Geoffrey , Gupta Timsy , Aziz Zahra , Mowbray Tony , Ilic Dragan , Mundy Matthew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe global online education sector has been rising rapidly, particularly during and after the events of 2020, and is becoming mainstream much sooner than expected. Despite this, research studies report higher levels of perceived isolation, difficulties with engagement, and higher attrition rates in online compared to equivalent on-campus programs. Reasons include restrictions to the type of institutional support accessible by online students, and the lack of comprehensiveness of orientation resources. This paper describes the collaborative efforts by a cross-faculty academic team, supported by a community of practice, to create a university-wide online orientation resource—the Monash Online Learning Hub (MOLH). The development of the MOLH involved multiple phases, including an analysis of current practice, resource design and content creation, formative evaluation by staff and students, and successful integration into the university’s mainstream student orientation platform for widescale implementation. The methods adopted were varied, and involved generating both qualitative and quantitative data across multiple phases of development from online education experts at the University, that culminated in the gradual building and refinement of the MOLH. Final outcomes, implications and lessons learned are also discussed in this paper.
Molar Volume and Surface Tension of Liquid Bi–Cu Alloys
Authors: Pstruś Janusz , Fima Przemyslaw 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bi–Cu alloys may potentially be used for thermal energy storage or as a catalyst for methane pyrolysis. For application research and simulations, it is necessary to know the reliable thermophysical properties of liquid alloys. Density of liquid Bi–Cu alloys (25, 50, 75 at. pct Cu) was measured with dilatometric method over the 971 K to 1500 K range. Density decreases linearly with temperature for all compositions. The molar volume calculated from measured densities shows positive excess molar volume. Surface tension was measured with maximum bubble pressure method over the 1125 K to 1500 K range. The data fitted with linear equations show that while the surface tension of 25 at. pct Cu decreases and that of 50 at. pct Cu alloy does not vary with temperature, the surface tension of 75 at. pct Cu alloy increases with temperature. The present results are confronted with literature data and several model calculations, part of which were performed in Pandat, and the reasons for positive excess molar volume and surface tension temperature coefficient are explained in terms of thermodynamics of Bi–Cu solutions.