bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of radiation exposure associated with transradial and transfemoral access: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Saqib Najam , Pir Muhammad S. , Rajagopalan Sharath , Patel Tejas M. , Pancholy Samir B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess differences in radiation exposure between transradial access (TRA) and transfemoral access (TFA) for coronary procedures.BackgroundTRA is associated with increased radiation exposure as compared to TFA. We compared radiation exposure between the two access sites.MethodsDatabases were searched from June 2014 to August 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting coprimary outcomes of fluoroscopy time (FT) and/or dose area product (DAP) comparing TRA with TFA. Meta‐regression was performed to assess the behavior of weighted mean difference (WMD) in FT from 1995 to 2021. Observational study data was used for corroborative evidence.ResultsData from 8 RCTs (11,611 patients) showed the WMD of FT was 0.62 min (37 s) (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.08−1.17], p = 0.023) in favor of TFA, WMD in DAP (9169 patients) was 1.94 Gy.cm2 (95% CI: [−2.1 to 5.9], p = 0.35) showing no significant difference. Pooled data from OBS and RCTs (83,990 patients) showed a similar trend. Studies from outside US between 1995 and 2021 showed WMD of FT between TRA and TFA of 0.88 min (52 s) (95% CI: [0.67−1.09], p = 0.005) versus 2.1 min (126 s) (95% CI: [1.38−2.8], p = 0.005) for US in favor of TFA. Meta‐regression showed a declining WMD of FT between TRA and TFA from 1.6 min (96 s) in 1996 to 0.5 min (30 s) in 2020 with the lower limit of CI crossing the zero line in 2019.ConclusionRadiation exposure between TRA and TFA continues to decrease overtime and is becoming clinically nonsignificant.
Stability and Acidity of Sites at the External Surface and at Point Defects of Faujasite
Authors: Jarrin Thomas , de Bruin Theodorus , Chizallet Céline 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFaujasite is one of the most industrially employed zeolite for its catalytic properties. The strong Brønsted bulk bridging Al−OH−Si sites are often thought to be the main origin of the Brønsted acidity of faujasite. However, many reactions also take place at the surface of the material and of its mesopores, where other types of acid sites exist. This study aims at unraveling the nature and strength of faujasite bulk and surface acid sites. Using Density Functional Theory (DFT), we rank the faujasite acid sites based on their stability, investigate their dehydration properties, and study their Brønsted and Lewis acidity via the adsorption of pyridine. Calculations are performed on cells with high (47 for bulk cells and about 300 for surface slabs) and low Si/Al ratio (about 3) and on cells containing defects under the form of silanol nests. These environments generate Brønsted acid sites of various strengths, and strong Lewis acid sites, even in the absence of extra‐framework species.
Cover crop termination timings and methods effect on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) development and yield
Authors: Denton Savana , Raper Tyson , Stewart Scott , Dodds Darrin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCover crops have been promoted for use in agricultural systems due to both environmental and economic opportunities. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growers in West Tennessee faced challenges in 2015 and 2016 with cover crop termination management which resulted in failed cotton stands. The objective of this experiment was to determine effects of cover crop termination timing and method on cotton emergence, development, and yield. Field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 in both small plot and on‐farm scenarios across West Tennessee. Cover crop termination timings consisted of an at‐planting termination, 3 weeks prior to planting, and both a broadcast and furrow‐strip termination 6 weeks prior to planting. The cover crop termination methods consisted of chemical termination, mechanical termination, and chemical + mechanical termination. At‐planting termination reduced emergence by 25% and delayed maturity of 65% of the stand relative to a 6‐week broadcast termination. Mechanical termination reduced emergence by 26% and delayed maturity of 26% of the stand relative to the chemical and chemical plus mechanical termination treatments. Thrips injury ratings were greater in cotton following a chemical + mechanical termination of the cover crop. Damage from three‐cornered alfalfa hoppers (Sissistilus festinus) was less prevalent in cotton following cover crops terminated 6 weeks prior to planting in a broadcast method compared to other timings. While early season effects were observed, end‐of‐season yield differences were not noted. Still, producers in short season environments should be aware of the higher level of risk associated with at‐planting terminations or terminations.
Quinoid Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles with NIR‐II Absorption Peak Toward Efficient Photothermal Therapy**
Authors: Li Meng , Li Zheng , Yu Danni , Wang Ming , Wang Dong , Wang Bing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of the second near‐infrared bio‐window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) theranostic agents owing to the excellent tissue‐penetration capability of NIR‐II light. The exploration of organic NIR‐II photothermal therapy materials, especially those with absorption peak over 1000 nm, is an appealing yet significantly challenging task. Herein, we have designed conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PIS NPs) with NIR‐II absorption peak at 1026 nm through a combined strategy of introducing quinoid donor‐acceptor (D–A) structures, constructing intramolecular “conformational locks” and extending the conjugation area to narrow the band gap. Irradiated at 1064 nm, PIS NPs showed remarkable photothermal conversion performance for efficient photothermal ablation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. This study provides useful insights into the rational design of organic NIR‐II photothermal agents based on multiple strategies.
Activity Sensing of Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Proteases
Authors: Sondag Daan , Verhoeven Stijn , Löwik Dennis W. P. M. , van Geffen Mark , Veer Cornelis van't , van Heerde Waander L. , Boltje Thomas J. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe blood coagulation cascade is a complex physiological process involving the action of multiple coupled enzymes, cofactors, and substrates, ultimately leading to clot formation. Serine proteases have a crucial role, and aberrations in their activity can lead to life‐threatening bleeding disorders and thrombosis. This review summarizes the essential proteases involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, the endogenous peptide sequences they recognize and hydrolyze, and synthetic peptide probes based on these sequences to measure their activity. The information in this review can contribute to developing novel anticoagulant therapies and specific substrates for point‐of‐care diagnosis of coagulation pathologies.
From Lactose to Alkyl Galactoside Fatty Acid Esters as Non‐Ionic Biosurfactants: A Two‐Step Enzymatic Approach to Cheese Whey Valorization
Authors: Semproli Riccardo , Simona Robescu Marina , Sangiorgio Sara , Pargoletti Eleonora , Bavaro Teodora , Rabuffetti Marco , Cappelletti Giuseppe , Speranza Giovanna , Ubiali Daniela 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA library of alkyl galactosides was synthesized to provide the “polar head” of sugar fatty acid esters to be tested as non‐ionic surfactants. The enzymatic transglycosylation of lactose resulted in alkyl β‐D‐galactopyranosides, whereas the Fischer glycosylation of galactose afforded isomeric mixtures of α‐ and β‐galactopyranosides and α‐ and β‐galactofuranosides. n‐Butyl galactosides from either routes were enzymatically esterified with palmitic acid, used as the fatty acid “tail” of the surfactant, giving the corresponding n‐butyl 6‐O‐palmitoyl‐galactosides. Measurements of interfacial tension and emulsifying properties of n‐butyl 6‐O‐palmitoyl‐galactosides revealed that the esters of galactopyranosides are superior to those of galactofuranosides, and that the enantiopure n‐butyl 6‐O‐palmitoyl‐β‐D‐galactoside, prepared by the fully enzymatic route, leads to the most stable emulsion. These results pave the way to the use of lactose‐rich cheese whey as raw material for the obtainment of bio‐based surfactants.
Towards the Reduction of Pt Loading in High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells – Effect of Fe−N−C in Pt‐Alloy Cathodes
Authors: Müller‐Hülstede Julia , Uhlig Lisa M. , Schmies Henrike , Schonvogel Dana , Meyer Quentin , Nie Yan , Zhao Chuan , Vidakovic Jurica , Wagner Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPt poisoning by phosphate in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFC) leads to loadings up to 1 mgPt cm−2 per electrode of costly materials. While cheaper Fe−N−C catalysts are unaffected by phosphate deactivation and contribute to the catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction, their volumetric activity is substantially lower. In this study, the effect of Pt‐loading reduced hybrid cathodes for HT‐PEMFC is investigated using commercial Celtec®‐P‐based assembling. A promising effect of Fe−N−C incorporation in terms of acid attraction and activity retention is found. A longer activation (230 h, 0.3 A cm−2) for the hybrid membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is necessary, due to the slower acid distribution within Fe−N−Cs. This study shows the potential of Pt‐content reduction by up to 25 % compared to standard MEA using hybrid electrodes. Moreover, important insights for future strategies of cell activation are revealed for these hybrid MEAs.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Network (CAN) Polyurethanes from Lignin with Editable Shape Memory Properties
Authors: Ma Xiaozhen , Li Shuqi , Wang Fan , Wu Jialong , Chao Yeyan , Chen Xun , Chen Peng , Zhu Jin , Yan Ning , Chen Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHere a new strategy of catalyst‐free direct synthesis of covalent adaptable network polyurethanes (LPUs) from lignin with editable shape memory effect is reported. Using unmodified lignin, PEG, and isocyanate under the condition of the isocyanate index less than 1.0 (NCO/OH<1.0), a variety of LPUs are obtained. When NCO/OH=0.8, a stable cross‐linked network can be formed (ex. the gel content of LPU50‐0.8 was 98±0.3 %). The activation energy (Ea) value of LPUs is similar to that of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), at around 110 kJ mol−1. With an increase of lignin content, the LPUs show a transition from ductile fracture to brittle fracture mode. And the mechanical properties of LPUs are significantly enhanced after extrusion processing, with the maximum modulus reaching 649±26 MPa and the maximum toughness up to 9927±111 kJ m−3. The improvement in mechanical properties is due to the homogenization of complex cross‐linked network under the powerful external force of the extruder and the lignin that originally was free in the system participated in the exchange reactions. Moreover, LPUs can also be prepared continuously in one step by using an extruder as the reactor. In addition, LPU50‐0.8 has an editable shape memory effect. This study develops a novel method for the synthesis of LPU from lignin with NCO/OH<1.0, showcasing new possibilities for value‐added utilization of lignin, and expands the bio‐based products portfolio from biomass feedstock to help meet future green manufacturing demands.
Differential effects of proton pump inhibitors and vonoprazan on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cancer cells
Authors: Ando‐Matsuoka Rie , Yagi Kenta , Takaoka Mayu , Sakajiri Yuko , Shibata Tomokazu , Sawada Ryusuke , Maruo Akinori , Miyata Koji , Aizawa Fuka , Hamano Hirofumi , Niimura Takahiro , Izawa‐Ishizawa Yuki , Goda Mitsuhiro , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Zamami Yoshito , Yamanishi Yoshihiro , Ishizawa Keisuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion, used as first‐line agents in treating peptic ulcers. However, we have previously reported that PPIs may diminish the therapeutic effect of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in patients with cancer. In this study, we explored the effects of vonoprazan, a novel gastric acid secretion inhibitor used for the treatment of peptic ulcers, on the secretion of VEGF in cancer cells and attempted to propose it as an alternative PPI for cancer chemotherapy. The effects of PPI and vonoprazan on VEGF expression in cancer cells were compared by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and ELISA. The interaction of vonoprazan and PPIs with transcriptional regulators by docking simulation analysis. In various cancer cell lines, including the human colorectal cancer cell line (LS174T), PPI increased VEGF messenger RNA expression and VEGF protein secretion, while this effect was not observed with vonoprazan. Molecular docking simulation analysis showed that vonoprazan had a lower binding affinity for estrogen receptor alpha (ER‐α), one of the transcriptional regulators of VEGF, compared to PPI. Although the PPI‐induced increase in VEGF expression was counteracted by pharmacological ER‐α inhibition, the effect of vonoprazan on VEGF expression was unchanged. Vonoprazan does not affect VEGF expression in cancer cells, which suggests that vonoprazan might be an alternative to PPIs, with no interference with the therapeutic effects of anti‐VEGF cancer chemotherapy.
Biomarkers and clinical indicators of disease activity in vitiligo
Authors: Delbaere Liesbeth , Speeckaert Reinhart , Herbelet Sandrine , Belpaire Arno , Duponselle Jolien , van Geel Nanja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground: The management of vitiligo is guided by the assessment of disease activity. However, this assessment is hampered by the absence of a highly feasible and reliable single marker to evaluate activity. Furthermore, the need for an objective, easy, preferably noninvasive marker is further stressed by the increased amount of research performed on new treatment strategies for vitiligo.Objectives: In this review, the available research on clinical signs linked to disease activity, and biomarkers in tissues and blood are summarized.Results: In the group of clinical signs, the Koebner phenomenon has the strongest evidence of an association with disease activity, while confetti‐like depigmentation is gaining importance and seems to outweigh this role. For the tissue markers, the most evidence is available for histopathological findings, such as epidermal spongiosis with vacuolar degeneration in the basal cells and inflammatory infiltrate. Circulating biomarkers such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐17, interferon‐γ, tumor growth factor‐β, soluble cluster of differentiation 25, autoantibodies, and oxidative stress markers show the most promising results. Nevertheless, none of them are currently regarded as the gold standard.Discussion: In conclusion, we encourage researchers to investigate various biomarkers and clinical signs in their trials in a standardized manner to get insight into their exact value, so they can be used to optimize treatment selection, gain insight into the disease, and predict future disease progression.
A genetic warning system for a hierarchically structured wildlife monitoring framework
Authors: Zimmerman Shawna J. , Aldridge Cameron L. , O'Donnell Michael S. , Edmunds David R. , Coates Peter S. , Prochazka Brian G. , Fike Jennifer A. , Cross Todd B. , Fedy Bradley C. , Oyler‐McCance Sara J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGenetic variation is a well‐known indicator of population fitness yet is not typically included in monitoring programs for sensitive species. Additionally, most programs monitor populations at one scale, which can lead to potential mismatches with ecological processes critical to species' conservation. Recently developed methods generating hierarchically nested population units (i.e., clusters of varying scales) for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have identified population trend declines across spatiotemporal scales to help managers target areas for conservation. The same clusters used as a proxy for spatial scale can alert managers to local units (i.e., neighborhood‐scale) with low genetic diversity, further facilitating identification of management targets. We developed a genetic warning system utilizing previously developed hierarchical population units to identify management‐relevant areas with low genetic diversity within the greater sage‐grouse range. Within this warning system we characterized conservation concern thresholds based on values of genetic diversity and developed a statistical model for microsatellite data to robustly estimate these values for hierarchically nested populations. We found that 41 of 224 neighborhood‐scale clusters had low genetic diversity, 23 of which were coupled with documented local population trend decline. We also found evidence of cross‐scale low genetic diversity in the small and isolated Washington population, unlikely to be reversed through typical local management actions alone. The combination of low genetic diversity and a declining population suggests relatively high conservation concern. Our findings could further facilitate conservation action prioritization in combination with population trend assessments and (or) local information, and act as a base‐line of genetic diversity for future comparison. Importantly, the approach we used is broadly applicable across taxa.
Lost reproductive value reveals a high burden of juvenile road mortality in a long‐lived species
Authors: Keevil Matthew G. , Noble Natasha , Boyle Sean P. , Lesbarrères David , Brooks Ronald J. , Litzgus Jacqueline D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAdult mortality is often the most sensitive vital rate affecting at‐risk wildlife populations. Therefore, road ecology studies often focus on adult mortality despite the possibility for roads to be hazardous to juvenile individuals during natal dispersal. Failure to quantify concurrent variation in mortality risk and population sensitivity across demographic states can mislead the efforts to understand and mitigate the effects of population threats. To compare relative population impacts from road mortality among demographic classes, we weighted mortality observations by applying reproductive value analysis to quantify expected stage‐specific contributions to population growth. We demonstrate this approach for snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) observed on roads at two focal sites in Ontario, Canada, where we collected data for both live and dead individuals observed on roads. We estimated reproductive values using stage‐classified matrix models to compare relative population‐level impacts of adult and juvenile mortality. Reproductive value analysis is a tractable approach to assessing demographically variable effects for applications covering large spatial scales, nondiscrete populations, or where abundance data are lacking. For one site with long‐term life‐history data, we compared demographic frequency on roads to expected general population frequencies predicted by the matrix model. Our application of reproductive value is sex specific but, as juvenile snapping turtles lack external secondary sex characters, we estimated the sex ratio of road‐crossing juveniles after dissecting and sexing carcasses collected on roads at five sites across central Ontario, Canada. Juveniles were more abundant on roads than expected, suggesting a substantial dispersal contribution, and the road‐killed juvenile sex ratio approached 1:1. A higher proportion of juveniles were also found dead compared with adults, and cumulative juvenile mortality had similar population‐level importance as adult mortality. This suggests that the impact of roads needs to be considered across all life stages, even in wildlife species with slow life histories, such as snapping turtles, that are particularly sensitive to adult mortality.
Nutrient enrichment promotes invasion success of alien plants via increased growth and suppression of chemical defenses
Authors: Shan Liping , Oduor Ayub M. O. , Huang Wei , Liu Yanjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn support of the prediction of the enemy release hypothesis regarding a growth–defense trade‐off, invasive alien plants often exhibit greater growth and lower anti‐herbivory defenses than native plants. However, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may influence competitive interactions between invasive alien and co‐occurring native plants, as well as production of anti‐herbivore defense compounds, growth‐promoting hormones, and defense‐regulating hormones by the two groups of plants. Here, we tested whether: (i) nutrient enrichment causes invasive alien plants to produce greater biomass and lower concentrations of the defense compounds flavonoids and tannins than native plants; and (ii) invasive alien plants produce lower concentrations of a defense‐regulating hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and higher concentrations of a growth‐promoting hormone gibberellic acid (GA3). In a greenhouse experiment, we grew five congeneric pairs of invasive alien and native plant species under two levels each of nutrient enrichment (low vs. high), simulated herbivory (leaf clipping vs. no‐clipping), and competition (alone vs. competition) in 2.5‐L pots. In the absence of competition, high‐nutrient treatment induced a greater increase in total biomass of invasive alien species than that of native species, whereas the reverse was true under competition as native species benefitted more from nutrient enrichment than invasive alien species. Moreover, high‐nutrient treatment caused a greater increase in total biomass of invasive alien species than that of native species in the presence of simulated herbivory. Competition induced higher production of flavonoids and tannins. Simulated herbivory induced higher flavonoid expression in invasive alien plants under low‐nutrient than high‐nutrient treatments. However, flavonoid concentrations of native plants did not change under nutrient enrichment and simulated herbivory treatments. Invasive alien plants produced higher concentrations of GA3 than native plants. Taken together, these results suggest that impact of nutrient enrichment on growth of invasive alien and co‐occurring native plants may depend on the level of competition that they experience. Moreover, invasive alien plants might adjust their flavonoid‐based defense more efficiently than native plants in response to variation in soil nutrient availability and herbivory pressure. Our findings suggest that large‐scale efforts to reduce nutrient enrichment of invaded habitats may help to control future invasiveness of target alien plant species.