bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant’s Appearances as Object-Dependent Senses
Authors: Tolley Clinton 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents a novel interpretation of Kant’s account of appearances, according to which an appearance plays a role in an intuition akin to the role played by an object-dependent “sense” (Sinn), as this is understood on broadly Fregean accounts of cognitive content. It is argued that this approach best captures several key features that Kant attributes to appearances. Perhaps most importantly, this Fregean interpretation best captures the fact that, for Kant, appearances are representations of some further object (a “something = x”), despite being themselves the (phenomenologically) immediate objects of intuitions. The Fregean interpretation can help illuminate the ideality of appearances and the extent to which appearances might nevertheless count as dependent upon real things. This interpretation is contrasted with other recently prominent interpretations, such as those given by Aquila, Van Cleve, Langton, Allison, and Allais.
Noumena as Grounds of Phenomena
Authors: Bader Ralf M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The debate between one-world and two-worlds interpretations of transcendental idealism generally proceeds on both systematic and exegetical grounds. A common objection to two-worlds interpretations is that they are committed to an implausible, if not incoherent, ontology and that considerations of charity consequently speak against attributing such a view to Kant. This chapter focuses primarily on systematic rather than exegetical considerations. It aims to develop an account of the relation between noumena and phenomena that makes sense of a two-world ontology. In particular, the goal is to elucidate this relation in such a way that it neither undermines noumenal ignorance nor ontologizes space and time. Far from being incoherent or implausible, the resulting theory constitutes a powerful metaphysical system.
Structure–Function Study of a Novel Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase C in Arabidopsis
Authors: Saito Ami N , Maeda Akari E , Takahara Tomoaki T , Matsuo Hiromi , Nishina Michiya , Ono Azusa , Shiratake Katsuhiro , Notaguchi Michitaka , Yanai Takeshi , Kinoshita Toshinori , Ota Eisuke , Fujimoto Kazuhiro J , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Nakamichi Norihito 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system with a period of about 24 h, coordinates many physiological processes with the day–night cycle. We previously demonstrated that BML-259 [N-(5-isopropyl-2-thiazolyl) phenylacetamide], a small molecule with mammal CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 5 (CDK5)/CDK2 inhibition activity, lengthens Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) circadian clock periods. BML-259 inhibits Arabidopsis CDKC kinase, which phosphorylates RNA polymerase II in the general transcriptional machinery. To accelerate our understanding of the inhibitory mechanism of BML-259 on CDKC, we performed structure–function studies of BML-259 using circadian period-lengthening activity as an estimation of CDKC inhibitor activity in vivo. The presence of a thiazole ring is essential for period-lengthening activity, whereas acetamide, isopropyl and phenyl groups can be modified without effect. BML-259 analog TT-539, a known mammal CDK5 inhibitor, did not lengthen the period nor did it inhibit Pol II phosphorylation. TT-361, an analog having a thiophenyl ring instead of a phenyl ring, possesses stronger period-lengthening activity and CDKC;2 inhibitory activity than BML-259. In silico ensemble docking calculations using Arabidopsis CDKC;2 obtained by a homology modeling indicated that the different binding conformations between these molecules and CDKC;2 explain the divergent activities of TT539 and TT361.
Generation and Field Relations of Low-δ18O Silica-Undersaturated and Mildly Saturated Alkaline Magmas: a Case Study from the Fataga Group, Gran Canaria
Authors: Cortes-Calderon Edgar A , Ellis Ben S , Harris Chris , Mark Darren F , Neukampf Julia , Wolff John A , Ulmer Peter , Bachmann Olivier 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The origins of felsic low-δ18O melts (&lt; +5.5‰) are usually attributed to assimilation of high-temperature hydrothermally altered (HTHA) rocks. Very few alkaline (silica-undersaturated and/or peralkaline) examples are known. Here, we classify the Miocene Fataga Group in Gran Canaria, a silica-undersaturated to mildly saturated alkaline volcanic sequence consisting of trachytic to phonolitic extra-caldera ignimbrites and lavas, as a new low-δ18O felsic locality. We provide new mineral, glass, and bulk geochemical data linked to a well-constrained stratigraphy to assess the processes involved in the magma reservoir that fed the Fataga eruptions. New high-precision single crystal feldspar 40Ar/39Ar ages of the study area span 13.931 ± 0.034 Ma to 10.288 ± 0.016 Ma. Fractional crystallization at shallow depths of sanidine/anorthoclase, biotite, augite/diopside, titanite, ilmenite, and titanomagnetite is the main driving process to produce phonolitic magmas from trachytic melts. Evidence of mafic hotter recharge is not found in the field, but some units exhibit trachytic compositions characterized by positive Eu/Eu* anomalies and high Ba contents, interpreted as melts of feldspar-dominated cumulates, the solid remnants of fractional crystallization. Hence, recharge magmas halted in the crystal mush and provided the heat needed to sustain cumulate melting and volcanic activity. This cumulate signature might be lost if fractional crystallization continues before the eruption. The interplay among meteoric water, the caldera-fault system, intra-caldera ignimbrites (Mogán Group), and the Fataga magma reservoir favoured assimilation of up to ca. 30% of HTHA rocks. Such assimilation is variable through time and recorded by δ18Omelt values down to +4.73‰. We did not find any direct relation between assimilation and silica saturation of the Fataga volcanic deposits.
Time-dependent Patient-reported Outcomes As Predictors of the Survival of Patients With Lung Cancer
Authors: Chang Wen-Pei , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Xu Xinyi , Lin Chia-Chin 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The importance of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) has been increasingly recognized in cancer care. No study has investigated how changes in PROs after completion of cancer treatment affect survival.

Objective:
To investigate the predictive value of patient characteristics, including PROs, for cancer survival.

Methods:
A total of 86 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer were recruited. Data on PROs including sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, fatigue, nausea, pain, weight loss, cough, good appetite, chest tightness, and ease of breathing were collected through self-reported questionnaires at 5 time points for each patient: before treatment and 6, 12, 24, and 48 weeks after treatment.

Results:
Bivariate time-dependent Cox regression revealed the following variables to be significant: small-cell, stage IV lung cancer; pretreatment pneumonia; treatment type; and several PRO variables, including sleep disturbance (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.10, P < .001), anxiety (HR = 1.15, P < .001), depression (HR = 1.11, P < .001), weight loss (HR = 0.71, P < .001), chest tightness (HR = 0.83, P = .029), and ease of breathing (HR = 0.62, P < .001). Multivariable time-dependent Cox regression revealed that only stage IV (HR = 7.33, P = .029) and weight loss (HR = 0.76, P = .006) were significant variables associated with survival.

Conclusions:
Patient-reported weight loss was independently associated with shortened survival in patients with lung cancer.

Implications for Practice:
Health care professionals should closely monitor the PROs of patients with lung cancer. In cases of self-reported weight loss, further investigation and appropriate interventions are necessary.

What is Foundational:
Patient-reported weight loss has been recognized in our research as a modifiable risk factor in lung cancer survival. PROs have potential predictive value in cancer survival.
Helping Diagnosed Mothers and Their Adolescent-Young Adult Daughters Navigate Challenging Breast Cancer Conversations
Authors: Fisher Carla L. , Kastrinos Amanda , Curley Alana , Canzona Mollie R. , Piemonte Nicole , Wolf Bianca , Pipe Teri 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Mothers diagnosed with breast cancer describe daughters as a critical source of support. Talking about breast cancer is especially distressing and challenging for mothers and their adolescent-young adult (AYA) daughters.

Objective:
The over-arching study aim was to generate findings to integrate into an intervention to enhance diagnosed mothers’ and AYA daughters’ communication skills by identifying approaches they find helpful when talking about cancer.

Methods:
We recruited 27 women (12 dyads). Diagnosed mothers and their AYA daughters (aged 18–29) participated in individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Transcripts were thematically analyzed. Mothers’/daughters’ perspectives were compared/triangulated.

Results:
Both mothers and daughters identified 3 approaches that helped them navigate cancer communication: (mothers) initiate conversations, keep communication positive, and limit cancer conversations. Only mothers reported it was helpful to downplay the seriousness of cancer. Only daughters identified it was important for them to reframe their perspective of mothers’ disclosures.

Conclusions:
Findings provide clinicians like nurses and families with a “psychosocial map” of communication approaches and associated strategies mothers and AYA daughters can use to talk about breast cancer in ways that promote daughters’ comfort and/or alleviate distress.

Implications for Practice:
Findings capture communication skills to focus on when tailoring developmentally focused interventions targeting diagnosed mothers and AYA daughters. Nurses can translate findings into practice to help patients talk to AYA daughters about cancer, thereby promoting a family-centered cancer care approach.

What Is Foundational:
AYA daughters are especially distressed talking about cancer with their diagnosed mothers. They can both use communication strategies to enhance their communal coping.
Comparison of survival outcomes between laparoscopic versus open radical nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial cancer patients: Experiences of a tertiary care single center
Authors: Hoeh Benedikt , Kosiba Marina , Wenzel Mike , Meister Nicola , Preisser Felix , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Hohenhorst Jan Lukas , Becker Andreas , Mandel Philipp , Banek Severine , Roos Frederik , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Chun Felix K.H. , Kluth Luis A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival between laparoscopic and open surgical approaches in patients undergoing radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Materials and methods
We retrospectively identified patients treated for UTUC from 2010 to 2020 from our institutional database. Patients undergoing laparoscopic or open RNU with no suspicion of metastasis (cM0) were for the current study population. Patients with suspected metastases at diagnosis (cM1) or those undergoing other surgical treatments were excluded. Tabulation was performed according to the laparoscopic versus open surgical approach. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to test for differences in overall and recurrence-free survival with regard to the surgical approach. Furthermore, separate Kaplan-Meier plots were used to test the effect of preoperative ureterorenoscopy on overall and recurrence-free survival within the overall study cohort.

Results
Of the 59 patients who underwent nephroureterectomy, 29% (n = 17) underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, whereas 71% (n = 42) underwent open nephroureterectomy. Patient and tumor characteristics were comparable between groups (p ≥ 0.2). The median overall survival was 93 and 73 months in the laparoscopic nephroureterectomy group compared to the open nephroureterectomy group (p = 0.5), respectively. The median recurrence-free survival did not differ between open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomies (73 months for both groups; p = 0.9). Furthermore, the median overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients treated with and without preoperative ureterorenoscopy.

Conclusions
The results of this retrospective, single-center institution showed that overall and recurrence-free survival rates did not differ between patients with UTUC treated with laparoscopic and open RNU. Furthermore, preoperative ureterorenoscopy before RNU was not associated with higher overall or recurrence-free survival rates.
Identifying Medicare Beneficiaries With Delirium
Authors: Moura Lidia M.V.R. , Zafar Sahar , Benson Nicole M. , Festa Natalia , Price Mary , Donahue Maria A. , Normand Sharon-Lise , Newhouse Joseph P. , Blacker Deborah , Hsu John 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Each year, thousands of older adults develop delirium, a serious, preventable condition. At present, there is no well-validated method to identify patients with delirium when using Medicare claims data or other large datasets. We developed and assessed the performance of classification algorithms based on longitudinal Medicare administrative data that included International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition diagnostic codes.

Methods:
Using a linked electronic health record (EHR)-Medicare claims dataset, 2 neurologists and 2 psychiatrists performed a standardized review of EHR records between 2016 and 2018 for a stratified random sample of 1002 patients among 40,690 eligible subjects. Reviewers adjudicated delirium status (reference standard) during this 3-year window using a structured protocol. We calculated the probability that each patient had delirium as a function of classification algorithms based on longitudinal Medicare claims data. We compared the performance of various algorithms against the reference standard, computing calibration-in-the-large, calibration slope, and the area-under-receiver-operating-curve using 10-fold cross-validation (CV).

Results:
Beneficiaries had a mean age of 75 years, were predominately female (59%), and non-Hispanic Whites (93%); a review of the EHR indicated that 6% of patients had delirium during the 3 years. Although several classification algorithms performed well, a relatively simple model containing counts of delirium-related diagnoses combined with patient age, dementia status, and receipt of antipsychotic medications had the best overall performance [CV– calibration-in-the-large <0.001, CV-slope 0.94, and CV–area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.88 95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.91)].

Conclusions:
A delirium classification model using Medicare administrative data and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition diagnosis codes can identify beneficiaries with delirium in large datasets.
A Survey of the Relationship Between Trait Anxiety and Mental Resilience of Marathoners in China
Authors: Zhu Chunying , Lin Ze , Wang Mingwei , Lv Shijin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and mental resilience in marathoners and the general population. The study recruited 135 marathoners and 140 members of the general population. Trait anxiety and mental resilience were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Scale and the Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The amount of weekly exercise resulted in significant differences in the trait anxiety (F = 6.358, p < 0.01) and mental resilience (F = 5.996, p < 0.05) levels of the general population and marathoners. Age led to a significant difference in the trait anxiety of marathoners (F = 10.890, p < 0.01). The half marathoners' daily exercise program is most suitable for the general population for reducing trait anxiety level and increasing mental resilience. Furthermore, marathoners showed lower trait anxiety and higher mental resilience. Therefore, long-term marathon adherence can help improve mental health.
Does Involvement in Peer Bullying Invite Self-Injury?
Authors: Uzun Cicek Ayla , Ucuz Ilknur , Sari Seda Aybuke , Comertoglu Arslan Semiha , Dogru Hicran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have linked peer bullying to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, the evidence is largely limited to population-based groups. This study examined whether there is a relationship between NSSI and being a victim of peer bullying among adolescents in a clinical sample and how this may be influenced by types of bullying. The sample consisted of 96 outpatients with NSSI and 107 healthy adolescents. The Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, Peer Bullying Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were applied. Whereas the scores of each bullying type of adolescents with NSSI were significantly higher, their self-esteem scores were significantly lower. Each victimization score of bullying had a negative correlation with NSSI-onset age and self-esteem scores and a positive correlation with self-injury scores. This study demonstrated that being a victim of any type of bullying is strongly associated with self-injury. It would be advisable to screen adolescents with self-injury for exposure to bullying, and vice versa.
Health Care Consumption, Psychiatric Diagnoses, and Pharmacotherapy 1 and 2 Years Before and After Newly Diagnosed HIV: A Case-Control Study Nested in The Greater Stockholm HIV Cohort Study
Authors: Wändell Per , Ljunggren Gunnar , Jallow Amadou , Wahlström Lars , Carlsson Axel C. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
We compare individuals with newly diagnosed HIV with sex-, age-, and socioeconomic status–matched HIV-negative controls, with the aim of studying the frequency of health care visits, the types of clinics visited, registered diagnoses, and psychopharmacotherapy.

Methods
The data were collected through the Stockholm Region administrative database (Stockholm Regional Health Care Data Warehouse) for men and women (people) living with newly diagnosed HIV (PLWH) in their medical records (930 men, 450 women) and controls. The odds ratios (ORs) with 99% confidence intervals (CIs) for psychiatric comorbidities and relevant pharmacotherapies were calculated during the 2011–2018 period.

Results
Substance use disorder was higher in PLWH than in controls, before and after newly diagnosed HIV in men (OR = 1 year before 4.36 [99% CI = 2.00–9.5] and OR = 1 year after 5.16 [99% CI = 2.65–10.08]) and women (OR = 1 year before 6.05 [99% CI = 1.89–19.40] and OR = 1 year after 5.24 [99% CI = 1.69–16.32]). Health care contacts and psychiatric disorders were more common in cases than controls 1 and 2 years after diagnosis, particularly for depression in men 1 year after HIV (OR = 3.14, 99% CI = 2.11–4.67), which was not found in women (1 year OR = 0.94, 99% CI = 0.50–1.77).

Conclusions
Before newly diagnosed HIV, PLWH have the same level of psychiatric diagnoses as their controls, except for substance use disorder. Psychiatric problems are more common in PLWH than in their controls after newly diagnosed HIV.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Function and Cognitive Performance in Women With HIV
Authors: Rubin Leah H. , Bekhbat Mandakh , Turkson Susie , Mehta C. Christina , Maki Pauline M. , Anastos Kathryn , Gustafson Deborah , Spence Amanda B. , Milam Joel , Chow Felicia C. , Weber Kathleen , Springer Gayle , Gange Stephen J. , Neigh Gretchen N. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
Alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) function may be a risk factor for cognitive complications among older people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We evaluated whether HIV serostatus and age modify the GCR function-cognition association among women.

Methods
Eighty women with HIV (n = 40, <40 years of age [younger]; n = 40, >50 years of age [older]) and 80 HIV-uninfected women (n = 40 older, n = 40 younger) enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected concurrent with neuropsychological testing were assessed for GCR function. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine whether a) HIV serostatus and age were associated with GCR function, and b) GCR function-cognition associations are moderated by HIV serostatus and age adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results
Among older women, higher baseline FKBP5 expression level was associated with lower attention/working memory performance among women with HIV (B = 6.4, standard error = 1.7, p = .0003) but not in women without HIV infection (B = −1.7, standard error = 1.9, p = .37). There were no significant HIV serostatus by age interactions on dexamethasone (DEX)-stimulated expression of the genes regulated by the GCR or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α levels (with or without DEX stimulation; p values > .13). HIV serostatus was associated with GC target genes PER1 (p = .006) and DUSP1 (p = .02), but not TSC22D3 (p = .32), after DEX stimulation.

Conclusions
Collectively, these data suggest that HIV serostatus and age may modify the influence of the GCR, such that the receptor is likely engaged to a similar extent, but the downstream influence of the receptor is altered, potentially through epigenetic modification of target genes.
Surfboard Related Orbital and Periocular Injury
Authors: Davidov Bar , Leibovitch Igal , Mezad-Koursh Daphna , Feldman Ilan , Cnaan Ran Ben 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:The objective of this study is to present the complexity of surfboard related orbital and periocular injuries and to discuss the different prevention aspects of such injuries.Methods:A retrospective review was performed on surfing related orbital and periocular injuries cases in a single tertiary medical center over a period of 10 years.Results:Six patients at a mean age of 34 (range 20–50) years were evaluated. All were amateur surfers. Five patients had an orbital fracture, 3 had a full thickness eyelid laceration, 3 had lacrimal drainage system damage and 3 had intraocular findings related to trauma, but no perforation of the globe was observed. Two patients had complete optic nerve avulsion or transection, 1 of them had extraocular muscle transection. Five patients underwent surgery and 2 required an additional surgical intervention. At the end of follow-up, 3 patients had an unrepairable lacrimal drainage damage, 2 had a malposition of an eyelid, 2 eyes remained blind, 1 patient had a hypoglobus, and 1 had hypoesthesia in distribution of infraorbital nerve.Conclusions:Surfboard related orbital injuries may cause a severe orbital injury, which may debilitate and disable a previously active and healthy group of young people. Hence, protective gear wear should be more vigorously encouraged as already been done in other sports.
The Effect of Segmentation Threshold on Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Nasal Airflow
Authors: Noblitt Bryce , Higgins John , Kopytek Katherine , Brehm Christoph , Gupta Nikita 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The objective analysis of nasal airflow stands to benefit greatly from the adoption of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodologies. In this emerging field, no standards currently exist in regard to the ideal modeling parameters of the nasal airway. Such standards will be necessary for this tool to become clinically relevant.

Methods:
Human nasal airways were modeled from a healthy control, segmented, and analyzed with an in-house immersed boundary method. The segmentation Hounsfield unit (HU) threshold was varied to measure its effect in relation to airflow velocity magnitude and pressure change.

Findings:
Surface area and volume have a linear relationship to HU threshold, whereas CFD variables had a more complex relationship.

Interpretation:
The HU threshold should be included in nasal airflow CFD analysis. Future work is required to determine the optimal segmentation threshold.