bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticides and Miticides to Control Mites, Fall Armyworm and Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Bland R. G. , Hegab A. E. , Knausenberger W. I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Sure Sweet’ sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 30 ft in length on Feb 22. Distance between rows was 3 ft and space between plants was 1 ft. Treatment plots were replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Pesticides were applied to the upper and lower sides of the foliage for mite control, upper side of foliage and whorl for fall armyworm control and the ear for corn earworm control. A Solo 2.5 gal, knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer was used at the rate of 70 gal/acre (20-25 psi) with a fan nozzle. Treatments for mite control were made on Mar 17 and Apr 14. Fifteen leaves were collected from each treatment replicate after 24 hr and mite mortality recorded. Treatments for fall armyworm control were made on Mar 26 and Apr 14. Treatments for corn earworm control were on a 3, 5, and 7 day schedule commencing with the first silk appearance on May 4 and ending when silk s turned brown.
Summer Timing of Insecticides for Peach Twig Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four-year-old trees were used to test the timing of pesticides against the peach twig borer. The orchard was divided into three sections (blocks). Treatments were applied to subplots containing nine trees each on differing dates. The first application (subplots 1-5) was on June 21, the second (subplots 6-10) was on June 28, and the third (subplots 11-15) was on Jul 8. Applications were made with a handgun sprayer at 400-500 psi to the point of drip (approximately 400 gal per acre). On Jul 19 all subplots were examined for damage. The total number of wilted shoots per tree was counted and recorded.
Peach, Insecticide Tests, 1982
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Darrell Eldridge M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two rates of Ammo (cypermethrin) were evaluated against an untreated control on Madison peaches at Steeles Tavern. Six single-tree replicates were included in each treatment in a completely randomized design. Applications were made by a truck-mounted Swanson sprayer with handgun attachment. Spray dates were Apr 13, 23, May 17, Jun 1, 14, 30, Jul 15 and 26. Mites were sampled on Sep 13 using a leaf-brushing machine and 20-leaf samples.
Fall Armyworm Control in Sweet Corn Ears, 1982
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Harmony’ was planted Jun 21 in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, NY. Treatments were arranged in 4 row plots 275 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer through 3 nozzles (D-2 hollow cone)/row, dispensing 42 gal/acre at 100 psi. Treatments were initiated at early green tassel stage on Aug 5 and continued on Aug 12 and 19. At harvest maturity (Aug 30), 100 ears from the 2 center rows of each treatment were examined in each replicate.
Mushroom Sciarid Control with Permethrin (Pounce), 1980
Authors: Rinker D. L. , Snetsinger Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In experiment I, 10 trays (0.61 m x 0.61 m x 0.15 m), each filled with 18 kg of Phase II horse manure compost were placed into each of 2 small mushroom growing rooms. Each tray was spawned with 1 unit MGA Cocoa Tan, and supplemented with 220 g of Spawnmate. Between 20 and 28 days after spawning (DAS), 500 gravid female sciarids were released into each room. A pestolite insect Trap (Model RD-1P) equipped with a blackliaht bulb, was used in each room to daily monitor fly populations. On 39 DAS to 94 DAS, Pounce 3.2EC was applied at 71.5 g/1000 m with a Micro-gen (Model CCG-1) in 1 room; the second room was untreated. The growing methods used were typical for the mushroom industry. Mushrooms were harvested for 48 days beginning 47 DAS.
Pepper Weevil Control on Pepper, 1982
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set Mar 4, 12 inches apart on 3 ft wide by 6 inch high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 15 plants and treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied Apr 8, 16, 29, May 6, 13, and 28 with a 2.5 gal hand-held CO2powered sprayer which was operated at 40 psi and delivered 95-125 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew). On Jun 3 511 fruit that had dropped from the plants and trapped in 2 inch high barriers surrounding each plot and all fruit larger than 0.5 inches diameter on the plants were collected. Each fruit was examined for pepper weevil feeding/oviposition scars on the outer surface, internal feeding damage and pepper weevil larvae, pupae and adults. The percentages of damaged and undamaged fruit were calculated and transformed arcsin (%) (.01) prior to analysis. Data are presented in the original scale.
Peach, Insecticide Tests, 1982
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Darrell Eldridge M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied to a peach block consisting of the varieties Loring, Red Haven, Sun High and Madison. Each treatment was applied to 3 adjacent 8-tree rows. Materials were applied with an airblast sprayer calibrated to 6 x concentration. Spray dates were Jul 2 and Jul 13. All sampling was carried out in the middle row, containing two trees of each variety. After spray had dried on trees, beetles were collected from treated trees and placed in organdy cages which were stapled to treated foliage. After 24 hours mortality was assessed. On Sep 7 foliar damage was evaluated. A scale of 0-10 was employed, where 0=no defoliation and 10=total defoliation. No fruit damage could be evaluated because early cold weather eliminated the crop. Mites were counted on 20-leaf samples using a leaf-brushing machine.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Hag 107 and MK 936 Sprays on Potatoes, 1982
Authors: Powell Donnie M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on Apr 20 in Ritzville silt loam soil pH 6.2, organic matter 1.6%, at Yakima, WA. An established infestation of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) was present at the time of insecticide application. HAG 107 and MK 936, a streptomycete-derived insecticide, were applied with a 2-row 4-flat fan nozzle, portable boom CO2powered sprayer at 50 psi in 50 gal of water per acre on Jul 21. Each plot was 2 rows (34 inch) wide and 25 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated with 0.75 acre inch applied on Aug 4 and again on Aug 9 (13 and 19 days post treatment). The number of dead and live CPB per sq m of soil surface per plot were counted on Jul 22 (1 day post treatment). The number of CPB adults and larvae on the plants of 2 m of row were counted on Jul 22 and Jul 27 (1 and 6 days post treatment). The percent of plant defoliation per plot was recorded on Jul 21, 27 and Aug 11 or 0, 6 and 21 days post treatment.
Insect and Mite Control with Synthetic Pyrethroid Sprays on Potatoes, 1981
Authors: Powell Donnie M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank1 potatoes were planted on Apr 22 in Ritzville silt loam soil with a pH of 6.2, organic matter 1.6%, at Yakima, WA. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticides were applied to the foliage with a 2-row, 4-flat fan nozzle, portable boom CO2powered sprayer at 50 psi in 50 gal of water per acre on Jun 29. Each plot was 2 rows (34 inch) wide and 19 ft long. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The potato crop was sprinkler irrigated with 0.75 acre inch applied on Jul 2 and again on Jul 12. The number of dead and live Colorado potato beetle (CPB) per sq m of soil surface per plot were counted after the foliage was brushed with the hand to dislodge the insects on Jun 30 (24 hr post treatment). The number of green peach aphid (GPA) and twospotted spider mites on the leaves were counted by examining 20 compound leaves from each plot on Jul 1, 8, and 22. Also, counts of CPB adults and larvae per 15 ft of row were made and the percent of plant defoliation per plot were recorded on Jul 15, 22 and 31.
Control of San Jose Scale, 1982
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Infested twigs were collected from an unsprayed research orchard for this test. Twigs were selected and returned to the laboratory where the scale were counted under a binocular microscope. The twigs were marked with a waterproof marking pen so that posttreatment counts were made in the same general area as the pretreatment counts. Twenty-five black cap scale per twig were counted with the number alive and dead recorded. The infested twigs were dipped three times in an insecticide solution. Excess treatment solution was shaken off and the twigs were allowed to dry. A new cut was then made at the base of the twig and it was placed in a container of water. The twigs were kept in water for 19 days. Posttreatment counts were made in the manner described above. Treatments were made Apr 1.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Tomatoes with Combinations of Synthetic Pyrethroids and Piperonyl Butoxide, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134-1-2’ tomatoes were direct seeded in single row plots 25 ft long on May 10. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk ‘A’ loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom-built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied Jun 10, 25, 30, and Aug 5. In evaluating the teatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on Aug 25.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Direct Seeded Tomatoes with Systemic Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Linduska James J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134-1-2’ tomatoes were direct seeded with a Planet Jr. on May 20. Plots consisted of a single row of tomatoes 45 ft long, buffered on each side by a guard row. Distance between rows with 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All granular treatments were applied with a single spout electric drive Gandy (Model 901-2) in a 10-inch band at planting time. Band treatments were incorporated approximately 2 inches deep with rolling cultivators. Vydate 2L was applied in a 10-inch band at the rate of 50 gal per acre with a sprinkler can. Soil temp at the 4-inch depth at the time of treatment was 68° F. Soil was classified as a Norfolk ‘A’ loamy sand. When plants were 6-8 inches tall, 10 plants were selected at random in each plot and rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from a 10-ft section in the center of each plot. Yield data were taken from a once-over harvest and reported in tons/acre. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Apple, Honey Bee Repellency by Dimethoate Sprays on 'Bouquets', 1981
Authors: Danka Robert G. , Collison Clarence H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On May 8, apple branches ca 0.5 m long and in full bloom were pruned from trees in an abandoned orchard at University Park, PA. The standard-sized trees were of unidentified cultivars. The branches were divided into 12 groups; the number of flowers per group was equalized at 400 by selectively removing blossoms. Branches were assigned to one of 3 treatment groups. Treated groups were sprayed with Cygon 400 using a handheld, 11.3 liter pump sprayer (Hudson #67335) until the point of runoff at 8:00 a.m., before bee flight began. After air drying, the branches were placed into containers of water. The 12 'bouquets' were arranged in a 4 × 3 randomized block design on the orchard floor, separated from each other by 0.9 m. Beginning at 10:00 a.m. honey bee visits were monitored at each bouquet counting station for eight 30 min periods (30 min between counts) throughout the day. Bouquet positions were switched after every count, and each treatment group was represented in each grid position for equal intervals. This procedure was repeated the following day using fresh 100-flower bouquets and 48 20-second counting intervals. Counts were taken at 2-min intervals and bouquets were rotated after every 4 counts.
Apple, Repellency to Honey Bees Foraging, 1982
Authors: Danka Robert G. , Collison Clarence H. , Hull Larry A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cygon 400 was applied on Apr 30 to 6 four-tree plots in a Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research orchard at Arendtsville, PA, when apple buds were at the pink stage. Plots consisted of 4 different, identically positioned cultivars, and were replicated along rows. The orchard had 144, semi-dwarf, 23-year-old trees planted in a 6 row × 6 column design. Treatments were made with a high-pressure sprayer delivering ca 200 gal finished spray/acre at 350 psi. A second, identical application was made to 6 other groups of trees on May 4 (buds were full pink). Roth treatments were completely randomized in the orchard. Honey bee foraging was monitored May 6-10 by observers walking through the orchard and counting foraging bees seen in ca 1 min on each tree. Weather throughout the period was generally warm and dry, promoting foraging activity.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect pests of Tomatoes, 1982
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were direct seeded Jan 19 in Rockdale soil. Plots were thinned to 1 plant per foot. Each plot was a single row on 6-ft centers, 15 ft long. Normal cultural practices were followed using black plastic mulch and overhead irrigation. There were 4 replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied weekly from Feb 19 to Apr 23 for a total of 10 applications. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted sprayer with 5 nozzles per row, 250 psi , and in 100 gal of water per acre. On Mar 16 the number of live vegetable leafminer larvae per leaf (third fully expanded leaf from terminal) were counted on 10 randomly selected plants per plot. Mature green to ripe fruit were harvested on Apr 27. The percent fruit damaged by southern green stink bug and southern armyworm/tomato fruitworm was determined by examining 25 randomly selected fruit per plot. The vegetable leafminer and southern armyworm populations were normal whereas the southern green stink bug and tomato fruitworm populations were higher than usual. Approximately 95% of the caterpillars were southern armyworms.
Apple, Late Season Control of The Leafroller Complex, 1982
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mature York trees on semi-dwarf rootstocks were selected early in the growing season for this test. Imidan 50W was applied in the first 5 cover sprays at 3 lb/A in 100 gal water with a conventional airblast sprayer. Test materials were applied on Aug 19 and Sep 2 when late season leafrollers were active. Sprays were applied to runoff using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Mite populations were evaluated on Jul 19 and found to be at low levels. An Aug 30 evaluation, following the first application of test materials, showed mites to be increasing slightly, but not to critical levels for this date. Fruit evaluations were made at harvest, Oct 11. Fifty fruit from each of the four replicates per treatment and examined for leaf-roller injury. The injuries were categorized as having occurred early (1st generation) or late in the season following commencement of the test.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1982
Authors: Klostermeyer Lyle E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental insecticides were applied to an established alfalfa field at the Middle Tennessee Experiment Station, Spring Hill, TN on Mar 31. Furadan and Imidan were included as standards. Treatments, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, were applied to plots 18 ft x 20 ft at the rate of 25 gal/acre at 30 psi with a CO2-powered boom sprayer mounted on bicycle wheels. Five pendulum sweeps were taken with a 15-in diameter insect net in each plot at 6 and 14 days. There was a mean of 214 alfalfa weevil larvae before treatment. Rainfall was 0.92 in within 24 h prior to treatment and 0.16 within 4 h after treatment. Weather conditions for the 14-day period after treatment were: Average maximum (61.9°F) and minimum (36.4°F) temperature and total rainfall of 1.39 in. There was 100% tip damage and the field had a frosted appearance prior to treatment. Because of uneven stand, no yields were taken.
Relative Toxicities of Insecticides to Ent0M0Phag-Ous and Pest Insects in Alfalfa, 1981
Authors: Luna John M. , Allen William A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 50 x 50 ft plots, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design in an established alfalfa stand near Verona, VA. Plots were sprayed May 6 using a hand-carried, CO2-powered boom sprayer at 18 psi pressure and 25 gal water/acre. To estimate densities of alfalfa weevil larvae, 10 stems were clipped and shaken in a 3-gal bucket at each sample site. Weevil larvae were separated by size class; 1st and 2nd instar = small, and 3rd and 4th instar = large. Two samples were taken in each replicate giving 8 samples per treatment. Density estimates of meadow spittlebug nymphs were obtained by visually examining 10 stems at each sample site, with 2 samples taken per replicate. A 15-in diameter sweep net and a portable, glass-topped sleeve cage were used to estimate relative densities of alfalfa weevil adults and entomophagous insects. Two sweep net samples were taken per replicate, a sample consisting of 50 pendular sweeps. After each sample, the net contents were emptied into the sleeve cage. Insects were collected from the cage with an aspirator and returned to the laboratory for identification and counting. Pre-spray mean density estimates obtained May 5 were: small weevil larvae, 3.1/10 stems; large larvae, 9.1/10 stems; spittlebug nymphs, 2.0/stem. No pre-sppay counts of adult alfalfa weevil or entomophagous insects were taken.
Effects of Pyrethroids and Miticides on Spider Mite, Southwestern Corn Borer and Predator Populations, 1982
Authors: Buschman L.L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a late-planted, flood-irrigated corn field in northern Grant Co, KS. Ten treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Each plot was 3 m wide (4 rows) and 15.2 m long surrounded by a 3-m wide border of untreated corn. The chemical treatments were made twice, on Jul 30 (corn at 16-leaf stage) and Aug 10 (corn at tassel stage). These treatments coincided with the oviposition period of the Southwestern Corn Borer (SWCB) according to the predictions of the KSU model for SWCB development. Treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer with 20 gal of water/acre at 30 psi of CO2pressure. Spider mites and spider mite predators were sampled Jul 29, Aug 5 and Aug 24. Counts were made by searching the leaves on 1 side of 2 plants in each of the 2 center rows to give 4 half-plant samples per plot. The plants were selected at random on the first sampling date and flagged so that the same plant could be counted on each sampling date. While visually searching the plants, records were made of adult female spider mites, active stages of the predator mite and Oriusnymphs. Representative samples of spider mites were mounted for microscopic examination and all were determined to be the Banks grass mite. Five consecutive corn stalks were split in each plot and the number of stalks with live SWCB larvae were recorded. Corn yields were determined by hand harvesting corn from 20 row-ft of each of the 2 center rows in each plot. Yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Control of First Brood European Corn Borer in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Funks 4252’ field corn was planted May 28 to 36-in rows at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 50 row-ft, separated by border rows, arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. The center 10 plants in each plot were infested Jul 10 with European corn borer egg masses in the ‘blackhead’ stage of development at the rate of 1 egg mass/plant. Applications of insecticide were made Jul 15. Sprays were applied using a CO2compressed air sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 25 psi, directed into the whorl. Granular materials were dispensed as a 7-nn band over the plants. Evaluations of all infested plants were made Aug 4 using a 9 point leaf damage rating scale.
Field Corn, Timing Applications, Stalk Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Foster David E. , Stockdale Harold J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design in a commercial no-till field at Farley, Dubuque County, IA. Plots were 8 rows by 20 m. Treatments were applied using a CO2propelled back-pack equipped with TeeJet 11004 tips. Materials were applied at 20 psi pressure and 15 gal/acre. Applications of Lorsban 4E (1 lb ai/acre) were made 3, 7, 11 and 20 days following the application of Roundup (1.5 lb acid equivalent/acre) to control a heavy infestation of wirestem muhly, Muhlenbergia frondosa(Toir) Fern. Corn was planted Jun 3, 7 days following herbicide application and was in the spike stage on the date of the final Lorsban application. Other Lorsban applications were made preemergence. Plots were evaluated Jun 22 and Jul 1. Infestations were recorded as the total number of infested plants per 17.4 ft in the center of each of the 2 middle rows of each plot. Stand counts were taken as part of each evaluation.
Control of First Brood European Corn Borer in Field Corn, 1982
Authors: Graustein Mark , Whitehead Joanne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted on Apr 20 at the University of Delaware’s Substation, Georgetown, DE. Plots of 10 x 17.5 ft were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Furadan 10G was applied as an at planting and a whorl treatment. Insecticides were applied on Jun 15 when significant whorl infestations (&gt;50%) were observed. Granular insecticides were directed into the whorl of the plant with a hand shaker can. Liquid treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow design, CO pressurized sprayer using 1 cone nozzle per row delivering 30.1 gal/acre at 40 psi. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of whorl infested plants/2 rows on Jun 22 and the number of plants with stalk entrances/2 rows on Jul 12. Corn was harvested from the middle 2 rows of the plots and yield data were obtained on Oct 4.
Field Corn, Wireworm Larvae Control, 1980
Authors: Hein G.L. , Tollefson J.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental design for these tests was a randomized complete block with 4 replications with single-row treatments, 100-ft long. Plots were planted at Corydon, IA (May 22, 38-in row spacing) and at Delmar IA (May 23, 38-in row spacing) in fields where damage had been severe enough to require replanting. Granular soil insecticides were applied in the furrow or as a 7-in band with laboratory-calibrated Noble metering units mounted on the planter. These materials were applied in front of the press wheel and incorporated using drag chains. Treatments were evaluated approximately 3 wk after planting by digging 2 l-m trenches 10 cm deep in each treatment row and examining the seeds or seedlings for wireworm damage. Percent damaged seeds and/or seedlings were used to compare treatments