bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driver-Automated Vehicle Interaction in Mixed Traffic: Types of Interaction and Drivers’ Driving Styles
Authors: Ma Zheng , Zhang Yiqi 
Published: April 2022

Objective This study investigated drivers’ subjective feelings and decision making in mixed traffic by quantifying driver’s driving style and type of interaction. Background Human-driven vehicles (HVs) will share the road with automated vehicles (AVs) in mixed traffic. Previous studies focused on simulating the impacts of AVs on traffic flow, investigating car-following situations, and using simulation analysis lacking experimental tests of human drivers. Method Thirty-six drivers were classified into three driver groups (aggressive, moderate, and defensive drivers) and experienced HV-AV interaction and HV-HV interaction in a supervised web-based experiment. Drivers’ subjective feelings and decision making were collected via questionnaires. Results Results revealed that aggressive and moderate drivers felt significantly more anxious, less comfortable, and were more likely to behave aggressively in HV-AV interaction than in HV-HV interaction. Aggressive drivers were also more likely to take advantage of AVs on the road. In contrast, no such differences were found for defensive drivers indicating they were not significantly influenced by the type of vehicles with which they were interacting. Conclusion Driving style and type of interaction significantly influenced drivers’ subjective feelings and decision making in mixed traffic. This study brought insights into how human drivers perceive and interact with AVs and HVs on the road and how human drivers take advantage of AVs. Application This study provided a foundation for developing guidelines for mixed transportation systems to improve driver safety and user experience.
The association between social deprivation and the rate of identification of individuals at Ultra-High Risk for psychosis and transition to psychosis
Authors: Moore Danielle , Eaton Scott , Polari Andrea , McGorry Patrick , Nelson Barnaby , O’Donoghue Brian 
Published: April 2022

Background: There is a higher incidence of psychotic disorders in neighbourhoods of greater social deprivation. However, it is not known whether this represents a causal relationship, as the stage at which social deprivation exerts its influence on the development of psychotic disorders is yet to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between neighbourhood-level social deprivation and the rate of identification of individuals at Ultra-High Risk for psychosis (UHR), as well as the risk of transition to psychosis in UHR individuals. Methods: The cohort included all young people aged 15 to 24 identified as UHR attending an Early Intervention clinic in northwestern Melbourne over a 5-year period (2012–2016). Australian census data were used to obtain the at-risk population and social deprivation information according to the postcode of residence. Levels of social deprivation were arranged into quartiles. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios and Cox regression analysis determined hazard ratios. Results: Of the 461 young people identified as UHR, 11.1% ( n = 49) lived in the most affluent neighbourhoods (Quartile 1) compared to 36.7% ( n = 162) in the most deprived neighbourhoods (Quartile 4). There was a 35% higher rate of identification of young people who were UHR from the most deprived neighbourhoods (aIRR = 1.35, 95% CI [0.98, 1.86]). Over a median follow-up of approximately 10 months (308 days (IQR: 188–557), 17.5% ( n = 77) were known to have transitioned to a full-threshold psychotic disorder. Residing in a neighbourhood of above average deprivation had a hazard ratio of 2.05 (95% CI [0.88, 4.80]) for risk of transition, when controlling for age, sex and substance use. Conclusions: These findings provide more support that EI services should be funded as per the expected incidence of psychotic disorders.
Elderly Forgotten? Digital Exclusion in the Information Age and the Rising Grey Digital Divide
Authors: Mubarak Farooq , Suomi Reima 
Published: April 2022

Background: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is being spread at an unprecedented rate across the globe. Yet, new research suggests that digital divide is not only continuing but also deepening at the same time. After access to basic ICT equipment, it is now the lack of skills and quality of hardware and software that leads to a continuing digital divide. Digital divide which is specifically related to elderly is known as grey digital divide. Objectives: The focus of this paper is to review and analyze recent relevant research on grey digital divide which is fast emerging as a major challenge in the era of ageing. A side objective is to raise implications for theory and practice discourses to minimize grey digital divide. Method: Literature on digital divide and grey digital divide is reviewed to gather relevant knowledge on the grey digital divide. The articles were filtered according to the relevance for grey digital divide in the present age. Literature review spanned over a 5 years’ timeline to discuss the current trends on the topic. Results: Results indicate a rising problem of ageing, mainly in developed countries. Grey digital divide constitutes a major challenge for elderly to participate and benefit from the digital revolution. Elderly face problems for basic tasks such as booking tickets or renewing bus cards to claiming old-age benefits because most of the systems are digitized. Another challenge is the social exclusion faced by elderly because they cannot connect with peers through digital networks due to lack of digital skills. This situation is also observed in developing countries, although in developing countries elderly get immediate help from family members due to the family system of joint living. Implications and future directions: A practical implication of this research can be a full-scale fieldwork in different countries of the world to further understand the grey digital divide. Joint collaboration between ICT and healthcare industry may result in revolutionizing of ergonomic ICT products and services which are elderly-friendly. It would be interesting to know how culture impacts grey digital divide across various countries.
Child Feeding Practices of Childbearing Mothers and Their Household Food Insecurity in a Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Al Mamun Md Abdullah , Saha Shownak , Li Jianfeng , Binta A Ghani Ruhina , Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz , Begum Ayesha 
Published: April 2022

The current condition of ensuring WHO-recommended newborn and young child feeding practice is becoming a challenge in many developing nations, particularly in places where family food security is threatened. Because many households in underdeveloped nations frequently face acute food shortage due to poverty, optimal child nutrition is jeopardized. The purpose of this study was to analyze the child feeding behaviors of mothers with children aged 0-24 months and to investigate their household food insecurity in a coastal region of Bangladesh, Suborno Char (one of Noakhali District’s coastal neighbourhoods) was studied from October 2019 to April 2020. In this study, a cross-sectional survey with multistage sampling technique was employed, and Suborno Char of Noakhlai district was purposely sampled of 400 women and their children aged 0-24 months. Data were obtained using a standard questionnaire and were analyzed using statistical functions in SPSS 20.0.0. Exclusive breastfeeding 53.5%, timely supplemental feeding 75.5%, and feeding children meals from homemade, canned/formula/fortified, both homemade and canned, milk these 4 food groups were at 22.2%. The moms' education level was strongly associated with their child feeding practices. Mothers from food insecure homes were less likely to exclusively breastfeed than mothers from food secure households after drawing interpretation of univariate & multivariate analysis of variables crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and confidence interval (CI) (COR .233 at 95% CI 0.083, .655 and AOR .478 at 95% CI 0.133, 1.713). Similar outcomes were seen for early complementary feeding and minimal dietary diversification of children. In conclusion, this study discovered a less dietary inclusion trend of child feeding practices among moms (0-24 months childbearing) in Bangladesh’s coastal region.
Constitutional Struggles and Polarised Identities in Thailand: The Constitutional Court and the Gravitational Pull of Thai-Ness upon Liberal Constitutionalism
Authors: Leelapatana Rawin , Asanasak Suprawee 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article interrogates Thailand’s struggle between two conflicting constitutional identities, the identities of Thai-ness and liberal democracies, by examining how the Constitutional court implicitly and explicitly formulates and utilises both identities in its decisions from 2014 to 2020. Our analysis of these decisions shows that, instead of negotiating or synthesising the competing identities as the literature on constitutional identity envisages, the Thai court adapts the generic liberal democratic identity to defend and reassert the incumbent dominant identity of Thai-ness. The court drains liberal constitutionalism of its intrinsic substance while tactfully preserving and then lending its global legitimacy to bolster the local identity of Thai-ness. As a result, the liberal democratic identity is manipulated and pulled to gravitate towards the opposite value of Thai-ness. This unequal co-option between the polarised identities, we argue, depicts the current constitutional struggle in Thailand and marks the unique identity of Thai-style constitutionalism.
Effect of Local Anesthetic Injections on Subjective Pain Scales in Pediatric Tonsillectomies: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Stramiello Joshua A. , Ortega Briana , Brigger Matthew , Nation Javan Jonathon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of local anesthetic injection on subjective pain scores for pediatric tonsillectomies on postoperative days (PODs) 0 and 1.Data SourcesA comprehensive literature search was conducted with the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.Review MethodsA 2‐researcher team following the PRISMA guidelines performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Studies with original data and a saline injection control arm were selected. Corresponding authors were contacted for missing data. The collated data were analyzed with RevMan version 5.4 (Review Manager; Cochrane Collaboration). Random effects modeling and standard mean difference were utilized to control for heterogeneity. Surgical technique subgroup analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 319 publications were identified, and 8 articles with 13 experimental arms (627 participants) were selected for meta‐analysis. Local anesthetic injection was compared with placebo with saline injection. The standard mean difference for POD 0 pain was −0.81 (95% CI, −1.16 to −0.46; P < .00001) in favor of local anesthetic. The standard mean difference for POD 1 was −1.13 (95% CI, −1.48 to −0.78; P < .00001) in favor of local anesthetic. Subgroup analysis by surgical technique showed a less robust effect for cautery excision (−1.01 [95% CI, −1.37 to −0.66]) vs cold excisional technique (−1.19 [95% CI, −1.64 to −0.74]), with or without cautery‐based hemostasis.ConclusionsA local anesthetic injection during a pediatric tonsillectomy reduces postoperative pain on POD 0 and 1. Further analysis on total narcotic use and postoperative complications would benefit surgeon decision making.
Outcomes and Trends of Treatments in High‐Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Abiri Arash , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Torabi Sina J. , Kuan Edward C. , Armstrong William B. , Tjoa Tjoson , Haidar Yarah M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the variant‐specific survival benefits and usage patterns of standardized treatment combinations of surgery (S), radioactive iodine ablation (RAI), and thyroid‐stimulating hormone suppression therapy (THST) for high‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNational Cancer Database.MethodsThe 2004‐2017 National Cancer Database was queried for patients receiving definitive surgery for high‐risk papillary, follicular, or Hurthle cell thyroid cancer. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan‐Meier analyses assessed for treatment‐associated survival.ResultsOf 21,076 cases, 18,214 underwent survival analysis with a mean ± SD age of 50.6 ± 17.1 years (71.3% female). When compared with surgery alone, S + RAI was associated with reduced mortality in papillary (hazard ratio [HR], 0.574; P < .001) and follicular (HR, 0.489; P = .004) thyroid cancer. S + RAI + THST was associated with reduced mortality in papillary (HR, 0.514; P < .001), follicular (HR, 0.602; P = .016), and Hurthle cell (HR, 0.504; P = .021) thyroid cancer. In papillary thyroid cancer, S + RAI (91.3%), S + THST (89.2%), and S + RAI + THST (92.7%) were associated with higher 5‐year overall survival rates than surgery (85.4%, all P < .001). Papillary thyroid cancer treatments involving THST were associated with higher 5‐year overall survival rates than corresponding regimens without THST (all P < .001). In follicular thyroid cancer, S + RAI (73.9%) and S + RAI + THST (78.7%) were associated with higher 5‐year overall survival rates than surgery (65.6%, all P < .05). In Hurthle cell thyroid cancer, S + RAI (66.5%) and S + RAI + THST (73.4%) were associated with higher 5‐year overall survival rates than surgery (53.7%, all P < .05). On linear regression, THST usage increased by 77.5% (R2 = 0.944, P < .001), while RAI usage declined by 11.3% (R2 = 0.320, P = .035).ConclusionsHigh‐risk differentiated thyroid cancer exhibited varying susceptibilities to different treatment combinations depending on histology, with greatest responses to regimens that included RAI. Physician practices have trended toward decreased RAI and increased THST usage.
Clinical effects of prophylactic transverse colostomy in patients undergoing completely laparoscopic transabdominal approach partial intersphincteric resection
Authors: Zheng Honghong , Li Zhehong , Su Rui , Li Jianjun , Zheng Shuai , Yang Ji , Zhao Enhong 
Published: April 2022

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of prophylactic transverse colostomy on gastrointestinal function recovery and complications in patients undergoing completely laparoscopic transabdominal approach partial intersphincteric resection (CLAPISR) of low rectal cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 74 patients with low rectal cancer who were treated with prophylactic transverse colostomy (Group A, n = 34) or without prophylactic transverse colostomy (Group B, n = 40). Surgery-related indicators, nutritional status indicators, systemic stress response indicators, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results On postoperative day 5, the C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cell count were not significantly different between the two groups; however, the serum concentrations of total protein and albumin were higher in Group A than in Group B. Within 26 months postoperatively, the total incidence rate of complications was not significantly different, but the incidence rate of anastomotic leakage was lower in Group A than in Group B. Conclusion Prophylactic transverse colostomy based on CLAPISR can lead to faster recovery of gastrointestinal function, better improvement of postoperative nutritional indicators, and a lower incidence of anastomotic leakage. These characteristics are conducive to the rapid recovery of patients, making this procedure worthy of clinical application.
High-Intensity Light-Emitting Diode and Reduced Curing Times—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Saritha T. , Sunitha C. , Chanikya S. Sai , Kumar P. Kiran , Naveen R. 
Published: April 2022

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of high-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) light-curing unit at different curing times on the shear bond strength (SBS), surface enamel loss, and degree of polymerization of a light-cure and dual-cure adhesive system. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted human premolar teeth were divided into 2 groups— group 1 (light cure) and group 2 (dual cure), depending on the adhesive system used. These groups were further subdivided into 3 subgroups with 20 teeth each, depending on the duration of curing. A high-intensity LED curing unit was used to bond metal brackets onto the teeth. The samples were tested on a universal testing machine to measure the SBS. The samples were then observed under a simple microscope and modified adhesive remnant index scores were assigned. The bracket bases were mapped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry to evaluate the amount of enamel present. Cured adhesive was scraped and was subjected to Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to assess the degree of cure (%DC). Results: An increase in curing durations increased mean SBS values, %DC, and calcium-phosphorous ratios (Ca:P). Similarly, these parameters were higher for dual-cure subgroups when compared to light-cure subgroups. Conclusion: High-intensity LEDs can be used successfully for bonding orthodontic brackets with reduced curing duration. These LEDs help to reduce chairside time and can minimize damage to enamel without compromising bond strength.
Comparison of Biomechanical Properties of Surface-Treated and Untreated Machined Orthodontic Mini-Implants: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jain Shristy , Ponnada Swaroopa , Chandrasekhar Gandikota 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives: The use of mini-implants has become more popular, and there has been a heightened focus on factors that contribute to their success. The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of various surface treatment methods of mini-implants on their bone cutting capacity, insertion torque required, and fracture resistance when compared with the untreated machined mini-implants. Materials and Methods: The study included 4 groups. Each group consisted of 10 orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs). The first experimental group contains titanium oxide coated mini-implants, the second group contains grit-blasted implants with aluminum oxide, the third group consists of mini-implants coated with hydroxyapatite crystals, and the control group is formed by untreated machined mini-implants. Each group is evaluated for cutting efficiency, maximum insertion torque, and fracture resistance using a customized torque testing gauge. Results: The results showed that surface treating OMIs with hydroxyapatite particles increases the surface roughness, thereby enhancing their stability without decreasing the bone cutting ability compared with OMIs without surface treatment. Conclusion: Roughened surface of OMIs with hydroxyapatite particles exhibited maximum fracture resistance without decreased corresponding bone cutting efficiency.
Grip strength, functional range and anthropometric dimensions, and indication on fulfilling occupations in the home and workplace: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hogarth Eliza , Bugden Benjamin , Liu Karen PY 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Little is known about the relationship between the types of grip strength, functional range, anthropometric measures, and function in the home and workplace. The study aimed to determine their relationships and explore their contributions to performing usual work duties and overall function in participants with and without hand and wrist injury. Method Forty-four participants were measured on Maximal Voluntary Isometric Grip Strength, Rapid Exchange Grip Contractions and Isometric Endurance, Forearm Length and Volumetry, and the Dart Thrower’s Motion (DTM) measure. They completed the Patient Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Work Module. Results The grip measures significantly correlated with Volumetry (r = 0.62–0.74) in participants with and without hand and wrist injury. The Isometric Endurance and DTM measure of the non-injured hand were found to be contributing factors for participants with hand and wrist injury when returning to usual work duties and overall function. Conclusion The non-injured hand function plays a role in the overall function for participants with hand and wrist injuries. Isometric Endurance and DTM measure could assist clinicians in determining suitable rehabilitation targets, resulting in a better function required for occupations in the home or workplace.
Intravenous lacosamide and phenytoin for the treatment of acute exacerbations of trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective analysis of 144 cases
Authors: Muñoz-Vendrell Albert , Teixidor Silvia , Sala-Padró Jacint , Campoy Sergio , Huerta-Villanueva Mariano 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundScant evidence is available on the use of intravenous pain treatment in acute exacerbations of trigeminal neuralgia. The aim of this descriptive study was to evaluate the effectiveness and security of intravenous lacosamide and phenytoin in the treatment of acute trigeminal neuralgia pain.MethodsWe reviewed patients who attended the emergency department of a tertiary hospital between 2012 and 2020 for exacerbations of trigeminal neuralgia pain and were treated with either intravenous phenytoin or lacosamide for the first time. Primary endpoints were pain relief and adverse effects during the hospital stay. A comparative analysis between both treatment groups was performed.ResultsWe studied 144 episodes in 121 patients (median age 61 years, 66.1% women). Trigeminal neuralgia etiology was secondary in 9.9%. Pain relief was observed in 77.8% of 63 patients receiving lacosamide infusions, and adverse effects in 1.6%. Pain relief was observed in 72.8% of 81 phenytoin infusions and adverse effects in 12.3%, all mild. No difference was observed in pain relief between groups, but the proportion of adverse effects was significantly different (p = 0.023). Statistically significant differences were also detected in readmissions within six months, time to readmission, and pain relief status at first follow-up visit.ConclusionIntravenous lacosamide and phenytoin can be effective and safe treatments for acute pain in trigeminal neuralgia. According to our series, lacosamide might be better tolerated than phenytoin and lead to lower readmissions and sustained pain relief.