bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Hyperdimensional Computing aka Vector Symbolic Architectures, Part II: Applications, Cognitive Models, and Challenges
Authors: Kleyko Denis , Rachkovskij Dmitri , Osipov Evgeny , Rahimi Abbas 
Published: August 2022

This is Part II of the two-part comprehensive survey devoted to a computing framework most commonly known under the names Hyperdimensional Computing and Vector Symbolic Architectures (HDC/VSA). Both names refer to a family of computational models that use high-dimensional distributed representations and rely on the algebraic properties of their key operations to incorporate the advantages of structured symbolic representations and vector distributed representations. Holographic Reduced Representations [
321
,
326
] is an influential HDC/VSA model that is well known in the machine learning domain and often used to refer to the whole family. However, for the sake of consistency, we use HDC/VSA to refer to the field.

Part I of this survey [
222
] covered foundational aspects of the field, such as the historical context leading to the development of HDC/VSA, key elements of any HDC/VSA model, known HDC/VSA models, and the transformation of input data of various types into high-dimensional vectors suitable for HDC/VSA. This second part surveys existing applications, the role of HDC/VSA in cognitive computing and architectures, as well as directions for future work. Most of the applications lie within the Machine Learning/Artificial Intelligence domain; however, we also cover other applications to provide a complete picture. The survey is written to be useful for both newcomers and practitioners.
Periodontal and Other Oral Bacteria and Risk of Lung Cancer in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Zhou Baijun , Lu Jiayun , Beck James D. , Moss Kevin L. , Prizment Anna E. , Demmer Ryan T. , Porosnicu Rodriguez Kori A. , Joshu Corinne E. , Michaud Dominique S. , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:Evidence suggests that periodontal disease is associated with increased lung cancer risk, but whether periodontal pathogens are explanatory is unknown. We prospectively studied associations of prediagnostic circulating antibodies with oral bacteria and of periodontal bacteria in subgingival plaque with lung cancer.Methods:We included 4,263 cancer-free participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study with previously measured serum IgG antibodies to 18 oral bacteria. In 1,287 participants for whom subgingival plaque was collected, counts for 8 periodontal bacteria were previously measured. Incident lung cancers (N = 118) were ascertained through 2015 (median follow-up = 17.5 years). We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted associations, including for sums of antibodies to orange (C. rectus, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, P. micra, and P. nigrescens) and red (P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola) complex bacteria.Results:Orange complex bacteria antibodies were positively associated with lung cancer [per IQR hazard ratios (HR) = 1.15; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.02–1.29], which was stronger in men (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.49), and explained by P. intermedia and P. nigrescens (HR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04–1.26). Suggestive positive associations with lung cancer (N = 40) were observed for F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. gingivalis counts. Significant positive associations were found for the count to antibody ratio for P. intermedia and P. gingivalis.Conclusions:We identified positive associations with lung cancer for oral bacteria, especially orange complex that are moderately pathogenic for periodontal disease.Impact:This prospective study supports the need for more research on periodontal bacteria in lung cancer etiology. If associations are supported, this may inform novel lung cancer prevention strategies.
Bevacizumab May Differentially Improve Prognosis of Advanced Ovarian Cancer Patients with Low Expression of VEGF-A165b, an Antiangiogenic VEGF-A Splice Variant
Authors: Wimberger Pauline , Gerber Mara Julia , Pfisterer Jacobus , Erdmann Kati , Füssel Susanne , Link Theresa , du Bois Andreas , Kommoss Stefan , Heitz Florian , Sehouli Jalid , Kimmig Rainer , de Gregorio Nikolaus , Schmalfeldt Barbara , Park-Simon Tjoung-Won , Baumann Klaus , Hilpert Felix , Grube Marcel , Schröder Willibald , Burges Alexander , Belau Antje , Hanker Lars , Kuhlmann Jan Dominik 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
The identification of a robust IHC marker to predict the response to antiangiogenic bevacizumab in ovarian cancer is of high clinical interest. VEGF-A, the molecular target of bevacizumab, is expressed as multiple isoforms with pro- or antiangiogenic properties, of which VEGF-A165b is the most dominant antiangiogenic isoform. The balance of VEGF-A isoforms is closely related to the angiogenic capacity of a tumor and may define its vulnerability to antiangiogenic therapy. We investigated whether the expression of VEGF-A165b could be related to the effect of bevacizumab in advanced ovarian cancer patients.

Experimental Design:
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 413 patients of the ICON7 multicenter phase III trial, treated with standard platinum-based chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab, were probed for VEGF-A165b expression by IHC.

Results:
In patients with low VEGF-A165b expression, the addition of bevacizumab to standard platinum-based chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free (HR: 0.727; 95% CI, 0.538–0.984; P = 0.039) and overall survival (HR: 0.662; 95% CI, 0.458–0.958; P = 0.029). Multivariate analysis showed that the addition of bevacizumab in low VEGF-A165b–expressing patients conferred significant improvements in progression-free survival (HR: 0.610; 95% CI, 0.446–0.834; P = 0.002) and overall survival (HR: 0.527; 95% CI, 0.359–0.775; P = 0.001), independently from established risk factors.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate for the first time that bevacizumab may differentially improve the prognosis of advanced ovarian cancer patients with low expression of VEGF-A165b, an antiangiogenic VEGF-A splice variant. We envision that this novel biomarker could be implemented into routine diagnostics and may have direct clinical implications for guiding bevacizumab-related treatment decisions in advanced ovarian cancer patients.
Opposite Effects of Src Family Kinases on YAP and ERK Activation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Implications for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Sinnett-Smith James , Anwar Tarique , Reed Elaine F. , Teper Yaroslav , Eibl Guido , Rozengurt Enrique 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an aggressive disease that is expected to become the second cause of cancer fatalities during the next decade. As therapeutic options are limited, novel targets, and agents for therapeutic intervention are urgently needed. Previously, we identified potent positive crosstalk between insulin/IGF-1 receptors and G protein–coupled (GPCR) signaling systems leading to mitogenic signaling in PDAC cells. Here, we show that a combination of insulin and the GPCR agonist neurotensin induced rapid activation of Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFK) within PANC-1 cells, as shown by FAK phosphorylation at Tyr576/577 and Tyr861, sensitive biomarkers of SFK activity within intact cells and Src416 autophosphorylation. Crucially, SFKs promoted YAP nuclear localization and phosphorylation at Tyr357, as shown by using the SFK inhibitors dasatinib, saracatinib, the preferential YES1 inhibitor CH6953755, siRNA-mediated knockdown of YES1, and transfection of epitogue-tagged YAP mutants in PANC-1 and Mia PaCa-2 cancer cells, models of the aggressive squamous subtype of PDAC. Surprisingly, our results also demonstrate that exposure to SFK inhibitors, including dasatinib or knockdown of YES and Src induces ERK overactivation in PDAC cells. Dasatinib-induced ERK activation was completely abolished by exposure to the FDA-approved MEK inhibitor trametinib. A combination of dasatinib and trametinib potently and synergistically inhibited colony formation by PDAC cells and suppressed the growth of Mia PaCa-2 cells xenografted into the flank of nude mice. The results provide rationale for considering a combination(s) of FDA-approved SFK (dasatinib) and MEK (e.g., trametinib) inhibitors in prospective clinical trials for the treatment of PDAC.
PLX038: A Long-Acting Topoisomerase I Inhibitor With Robust Antitumor Activity in ATM-Deficient Tumors and Potent Synergy With PARP Inhibitors
Authors: Thomas Anish , Fontaine Shaun D. , Diolaiti Morgan E. , Desai Parth , Kumar Rajesh , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Sciuto Linda , Nichols Samantha , Ashworth Alan , Feng Felix Y. , Ashley Gary W. , Nguyen Minh , Pommier Yves , Santi Daniel V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Alterations in the ATM gene are among the most common somatic and hereditary cancer mutations, and ATM-deficient tumors are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging agents. A synthetic lethal combination of DNA-damaging agents and DNA repair inhibitors could have widespread utility in ATM-deficient cancers. However, overlapping normal tissue toxicities from these drug classes have precluded their clinical translation. We investigated PLX038, a releasable polyethylene glycol-conjugate of the topoisomerase I inhibitor SN-38, in ATM wild-type and null isogenic xenografts and in a BRCA1-deficient xenograft. PLX038 monotherapy and combination with PARP inhibition potently inhibited the growth of both BRCA1- and ATM-deficient tumors. A patient with an ATM-mutated breast cancer treated with PLX038 and the PARP inhibitor rucaparib achieved rapid, symptomatic, and radiographic complete response lasting 12 months. Single-agent PLX038 or PLX038 in combination with DNA damage response inhibitors are novel therapeutic paradigms for patients with ATM-loss cancers.
Loss of VOPP1 Contributes to BET Inhibitor Acquired Resistance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Sun Lin , Wu Qian , Huan Xia-Juan , Tian Chang-Qing , Wang Ying-Qing , Miao Ze-Hong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Inhibitors targeting bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are promising anticancer drugs. The emergence of drug resistance during treatments will impair their therapeutic effectiveness. To investigate the mechanisms of acquired resistance to BET inhibitors (BETi), we generated a series of drug-resistant sublines by exposing non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) NCI-H1975 cells to the BETi ABBV-075. These sublines displayed cross-resistance to other tested BETis, increased migration abilities, reduced growth rates accompanied by an increased proportion of cells in G1 phase and decreased apoptotic responses to BETis. Changes in RNA expression and gene mutation profiles in the resistant variants indicate that emergence of BETi resistance is multifactorial. Importantly, all the tested ABBV-075–resistant variants showed loss of vesicular overexpressed in cancer prosurvival protein 1 (VOPP1) and an increase in the antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein. By knockdown, knockout, and reconstitution of VOPP1 in resistant cells, their parental cells, and other NSCLC cells, we confirmed that the loss of VOPP1 contributed to BETi resistance. Moreover, knockout of VOPP1 in the parental cells caused the increased expression of BCL-2, and the latter directly mediated BETi resistance. Through combined treatments with BETis and BCL-2 inhibitors (BCL-2i), we demonstrated that BCL-2is synergistically sensitized resistant cells to BETis.

Implications:
Based on these results, for the first time, we establish a causal link from VOPP1 loss to BCL-2 gain and then to BETi resistance, which provides new insights into BETi resistance and paves the way for further testing to circumvent BETi resistance.
Canine-Assisted Intervention Reduces Anxiety and Stress in Higher Education Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Manville Karen , Coulson Mark , Reynolds Gemma 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore benefits of interacting with a canine on anxiety, stress, depression, and wellbeing in Higher Education (HE) students. Sixty participants took part in a randomized controlled trial. Assigned to either the canine-assisted intervention (CAI) or control group, the CAI group interacted with a canine whereas the control group watched an unrelated slideshow. Anxiety, depression, stress, and wellbeing measures were completed pre- and post-intervention and demonstrated there was a significant decrease in anxiety and stress in the CAI group. Due to group differences pre-intervention, findings for depression measures were uninterpretable and there was no significant effect found for general wellbeing. Overall, this study uses a CAI and control group and explores the use of a singular, brief CAI session in HE students demonstrating CAI to be an effective means of supporting mental health by decreasing levels of anxiety and stress in the treatment group.
Risk Factors for the Failure of Non-operative Management Among Patients Admitted for Colonic Diverticulitis
Authors: Guerra Mary Elizabeth , Chiu Alexander S. , Chilakamarry Sitaram , Jean Raymond , Brandt Whitney S. , Ruangvoravat Lucy , Davis Kimberly A. 
Published: August 2022

Background Diverticulitis is one of the most diagnosed gastrointestinal diseases in the country, and its incidence has risen over time, especially among younger populations, with increasing attempts at non-operative management. We elected to look at acute diverticular disease from the lens of a failure analysis, where we could estimate the hazard of requiring operative intervention based upon several clinical factors. Materials and Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried between 2010 and 2015 for unplanned admissions among adults with a primary diagnosis of diverticulitis. We used a proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard of failed non-operative management from multiple clinical covariates, measured as the number of inpatient days from admission until colonic resection. We also evaluated patients who received percutaneous drainage, to investigate whether this was associated with decreasing the failure rate of non-operative management. Results A total of 830,993 discharges over the study period, of whom 83,628 (10.1%) underwent operative resection during the hospitalization, and 35,796 (4.3%) patients underwent percutaneous drainage. Half of all operations occurred by hospital day 1. Among patients treated with percutaneous drainage, 11% went on to require operative intervention. The presence of a peritoneal abscess (HR 3.20, P < .01) and sepsis (HR 4.16, P < .01) were the strongest predictors of failing non-operative management. Among the subset of patients with percutaneous drains, the mean time from admission to drain placement was 2.3 days. Conclusion Overall 10.1% of unplanned admissions for diverticulitis result in inpatient operative resection, most of which occurred on the day of admission. Percutaneous drainage was associated with an 11% operative rate.
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder traits and diagnosis in adults and young people with personality disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Gillett George , Leeves Laura , Patel Amy , Prisecaru Andreea , Spain Debbie , Happé Francesca 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorders and personality disorders are spectrum conditions with shared clinical features. Despite similarities, previous attempts to synthesise literature on co-existing prevalence and shared traits have employed a unidirectional focus, assessing personality characteristics of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Here, we assess the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and/or traits among persons diagnosed with a personality disorder. Methods: We systematically reviewed the English-language literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, according to a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD 42021264106). Peer-reviewed quantitative studies reporting the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis or traits in persons with an established personality disorder diagnosis were included. Studies were critically appraised using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: Fifteen studies were identified, including 72,902 participants (median: 48, interquartile range: 30–77). Diagnoses included borderline, schizotypal and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders, and cohorts with unspecified personality disorder diagnoses. There was significant heterogeneity in diagnostic methodology and assessment tools used. We identified preliminary evidence of an increased prevalence of co-existing autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and traits among those diagnosed with a personality disorder, although significant limitations of the literature were identified. Conclusion: Our research suggests clinicians should consider conducting a careful developmental assessment when assessing service-users with possible or confirmed personality disorder. Future research directions may include larger studies featuring clinical control groups, an exploration of shared and differentiating behavioural-cognitive features of the two conditions, and investigation into potentially shared aetiological factors. Research investigating demographic factors that may contribute to potential diagnostic overshadowing would also be welcomed.
Food Insecurity–Related Interventions and Mental Health Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic, April 2020 through August 2021
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Singh Gopal K. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Financial hardships, job losses, and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic have increased food insecurity. We examined associations between food insecurity–related interventions and mental health among US adults aged ≥18 years from April 2020 through August 2021. Methods: We pooled data from the Household Pulse Survey from April 2020 through August 2021 (N = 2 253 567 adults). To estimate associations between mental health and food insecurity, we examined the following interventions: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Economic Impact Payments (stimulus funds), unemployment insurance, and free meals. We calculated psychological distress index (PDI) scores (Cronbach α = 0.91) through principal components analysis using 4 mental health variables: depression, anxiety, worry, and lack of interest (with a standardized mean score [SD] = 100 [20]). We conducted multivariable linear regression to estimate the interactive effects of the intervention and food insecurity on psychological distress, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: During the study period, adults with food insecurity had higher mean PDI scores than adults without food insecurity. Food insecurity was associated with increased PDI scores after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. In stratified models, negative associations between food insecurity and mental health (as shown by reductions in PDI scores) were mitigated by SNAP (−4.5), stimulus fund (−4.1), unemployment insurance (−4.4), and free meal (−4.4) interventions. The mitigation effects of interventions on PDI were greater for non-Hispanic White adults than for non-Hispanic Black or Asian adults. Conclusions: Future research on food insecurity and mental health should include investigations on programs and policies that could be of most benefit to racial and ethnic minority groups.
Number Needed to Quarantine and Proportion of Prevented Infectious Days by Quarantine: Evaluating the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Contact Tracing
Authors: Fernandes da Silva Diogo , Santos João Vasco , Santos Martins Filipa 
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Information on the effectiveness of COVID-19 contact tracing is lacking. We proposed 2 measures for evaluating the effectiveness of contact tracing and applied them in a public health unit in northern Portugal. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included the contacts of people with COVID-19 diagnosed July 1–September 15, 2020. We examined 2 measures: (1) number needed to quarantine (NNQ), as the number of quarantine person-days needed to prevent 1 potential infectious person-day; and (2) proportion of prevented infectious days by quarantine (PPID), as the number of potential infectious days prevented by quarantine divided by all infectious days. We assessed these measures by sociodemographic characteristics, types of contacts, and intervention timings (ie, time between diagnosis or symptom onset and intervention). We considered 3 scenarios for infectiousness periods: 10 days before to 10 days after symptom onset, 3 days before to 3 days after symptom onset, and 2 days before to 10 days after symptom onset. Results: We found an NNQ of 19.8-41.8 person-days and a PPID of 19.7%-38.2%, depending on the infectiousness period scenario. Effectiveness was higher among cohabitants and symptomatic contacts than among social or asymptomatic contacts. NNQ and PPID changed by intervention timings: the effectiveness of contact tracing decreased with time from diagnosis to quarantine of contacts and with time from symptom onset of the index case to contacts’ quarantine. Conclusions: These proposed measures of contact tracing effectiveness of communicable diseases can be important for decision making and prioritizing contact tracing when resources are scarce. They are also useful measures for communication with the general population, policy makers, and clinicians because they are easy to understand and use to assess the impact of health interventions.
Use of two parallel oxygenators during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with severe obesity and COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Miyazato Atsushi , Kondo Yutaka , Seki Kentaro , Kumakawa Yasuaki , Ishihara Tadashi , Sueyoshi Koichiro , Okamoto Ken , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

Background: Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is one effective treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia, but controversy regarding VV-ECMO management in obese patients still exists. In this report, we described a case in which two oxygenators were used in parallel in a severely obese patient (Body mass index: 60 kg/m2, body surface area: 2.8 m2). Case: The case was of a 27-year-old man diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to our hospital. VV-ECMO was required on the fifth day after admission due to gradually worsening respiratory conditions and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2)/FiO2 ratio of 77. Immediately after the initiation of VV-ECMO, post-oxygenator in circuit, PaO2 was low at 134 mmHg. Even though the VV-ECMO circuit was replaced on the same day, the PaO2 still was low at 261 mmHg. Thus, we decided to use two oxygenators in parallel, after which the PaO2 stabilized at 400–500 mmHg.Conclusions: In this case, VV-ECMO oxygenation could be stabilized by utilizing two oxygenators in parallel. Using two membrane oxygenators may be a treatment option in severely obese patients with respiratory failure.