bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest regeneration within Earth system models: current process representations and ways forward
Authors: Hanbury‐Brown Adam R. , Ward Rachel E. , Kueppers Lara M. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryEarth system models must predict forest responses to global change in order to simulate future global climate, hydrology, and ecosystem dynamics. These models are increasingly adopting vegetation demographic approaches that explicitly represent tree growth, mortality, and recruitment, enabling advances in the projection of forest vulnerability and resilience, as well as evaluation with field data. To date, simulation of regeneration processes has received far less attention than simulation of processes that affect growth and mortality, in spite of their critical role maintaining forest structure, facilitating turnover in forest composition over space and time, enabling recovery from disturbance, and regulating climate‐driven range shifts. Our critical review of regeneration process representations within current Earth system vegetation demographic models reveals the need to improve parameter values and algorithms for reproductive allocation, dispersal, seed survival and germination, environmental filtering in the seedling layer, and tree regeneration strategies adapted to wind, fire, and anthropogenic disturbance regimes. These improvements require synthesis of existing data, specific field data‐collection protocols, and novel model algorithms compatible with global‐scale simulations. Vegetation demographic models offer the opportunity to more fully integrate ecological understanding into Earth system prediction; regeneration processes need to be a critical part of the effort.
Evaluating the use of participatory action research to implement evidence‐based guidance on dementia palliative care in long‐term care settings: A creative hermeneutic analysis
Authors: Buckley Catherine , Hartigan Irene , Coffey Alice , Cornally Nicola , O’Connell Selena , O’Loughlin Christina , Timmons Suzanne , Lehane Elaine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDementia affects a large proportion of society and places a significant burden on older people and healthcare systems internationally. Managing symptoms at the end of life for people with dementia is complex. Participatory action research can offer an approach that helps to encourage implementation of evidence‐based practices in long‐term care settings.MethodsThree evidence‐based guidance documents (pain assessment and management, medication management, nutrition and hydration management) were introduced in three long‐term care settings for older people. Data generated from work‐based learning groups were analysed using a critical hermeneutic approach to explore the use of participatory action research to support the implementation of guidance documents in these settings.ResultsEngagement and Facilitation emerged as key factors which both enabled and hindered the PAR processes at each study site.ConclusionsThis study adds to the body of knowledge that emphasises the value of participatory action research in enabling practice change. It further identifies key practice development approaches that are necessary to enable a PAR approach to occur in care settings for older people with dementia. The study highlights the need to ensure that dedicated attention is paid to strategies that facilitate key transformations in clinical practice.
Hospitalization following pediatric kidney transplantation: An international comparison among a Canadian pediatric transplant center, North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies, and Cooperative European Pediatric Renal Transplant Initiative registry data
Authors: Kim Jin K. , Lorenzo Armando J. , Tönshoff Burkhard , Chua Michael E. , Raveendran Lucshman , Krupka Kai , Teoh Chia Wei , Ming Jessica M. , Topaloglu Rezan , Dello Strologo Luca , Farhat Walid A. , Koyle Martin A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are several databases across the world that collect pediatric KT data. We compare the hospitalization outcomes for pediatric KT recipients from a large Canadian transplant center (SickKids database; The Hospital for Sick Children Kidney Transplantation Institutional Database), United States (NAPRTCS), and Europe (CERTAIN registry).MethodsAn institutional retrospective review of KT was performed between 2000 and 2015. Baseline characteristics, duration of initial hospitalization/readmission at 1–5 and 6‐ to 11‐month posttransplant, and 1‐year graft survival data were collected. Corresponding data from the NAPRTCS 2014 Annual Transplant Report and CERTAIN registry were compared.ResultsPosttransplant, patients from NAPRTCS had the shortest duration of hospitalization within the first month (10.4 days, SE 0.2), followed by SickKids (20.3 days, SE 0.7) and CERTAIN (25.5 days, SE 0.7). For both living and deceased donor populations, patients from SickKids were most likely to be hospitalized at 1‐ to 5‐month posttransplant (82.4% [89/108]; 72.1% [98/136]), followed by Europe (52.1% [198/380]; 61.6% [501/813]) and United States (45.4% [2379/5241]; 51.4% [2517/4896]). Patients from Europe were most likely to be hospitalized at 6‐ to 12‐month posttransplant (42.1% [160/380]; 51.7% [420/813]), followed by SickKids (35.2% [38/108]; 37.5% [51/136]) and United States (28.3% [1387/4901]; 31.6% [1411/4465]). Across all databases, the most commonly addressed issues during readmissions were infectious complications.ConclusionThe differences observed in this investigation may reflect the local reimbursement models, resources for outpatient management, and practice variations across a large Canadian transplant center, United States, and European countries.
Inbred progeny of tall fescue infected with Epichloë fungal endophyte have a high defence compound content and no depression in seed set
Authors: Raahbar A. , Sabzalian M. R. , Mirmohammady Maibody S. A. M. , Zarean M. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Substantial evidence is available on the capacity of particular strains of Epichloë fungal endophyte to remove the barriers of self‐pollination in host grasses. We hypothesized that this might open up new methods to obtain inbred lines for specific turf hybrids and genetic studies.

In the present study, we evaluated the first generation of self‐pollination derived plants of endophyte infected clones (EIS1) from putative genotypes 75B+ and 75C+ and those from the first generation of self‐pollination in six commercial tall fescue clones plus their hybrids with 75B− and 75C− for growth, seed yield and polyphenolic content as an index for biosynthesis of defence compounds under field conditions.

The results showed that EIS1 had high hyphal density within leaf sheaths and higher growth and seed‐related traits in at least one genotype. There were higher amounts of flavonoid and phenolic compounds (up to twofold) in both genotypes than in their hybrid counterparts and endophyte‐free progeny. Selected genotypes within EIS1 contained significantly more chlorogenic acid, p‐coumaric acid and rutin than the best non‐infected genotypes.

We conclude that phenotypic selection of individuals from the S1 population is feasible for improving fitness and stress resistance in novel inbred lines of tall fescue for development of new turf cultivars with the desired ecophysiological traits.
Pyoderma gangrenosum study pilot registry: The first step to a better understanding
Authors: Orfaly Victoria E. , Reese Ashley M. , Friedman Marcia , Latour Emile , Ortega‐Loayza Alex G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a pilot physician driven patient pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) registry to summarise patient baseline demographics, PG‐related medical history, treatments, and outcomes for patients with pyoderma gangrenosum. Standardised patient information was collected prospectively during clinical encounters between December 2019 and July 2021 at a single academic institution. Eligibility criteria for the study was a diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum determined by a PARACELSUS score of at least 10 for ulcerative patients. Main outcome measures included demographic data, PG related history and comorbidities, past and current treatments, healing outcomes, hospitalisations and recurrences of PG. The Pyoderma Gangrenosum Study (PYGAS) Registry currently includes 52 patients with 56 target lesions of four distinct PG subtypes (41 ulcerative, 12 peristomal, 2 vegetative and 1 bullous). For the 38 patients with 41 total ulcerative PG lesions, referrals to our institution most commonly came from dermatologists (42.1%). The median follow‐up time in our initial registry was 5.5 months (95% CI = 4.1–11.5 months), with average time between follow‐up visits at 1.1 months. These ulcers were most commonly treated with first‐line systemic immunosuppressants (70.6%), such as corticosteroids or cyclosporine. Additional use of systemic immunomodulators at baseline visit was statistically significantly associated with healing (P = 0.048). This pilot study suggests that use of systemic immunomodulators has an impact on healing of PG patients. Wound care regimens are variable, and assessing their impact on treatment outcomes could be challenging. Standardisation of both wound care regimens and data collection in prospective clinical studies is necessary to assess their impact in PG treatment outcomes.
Phylogeography and species delimitation of the Neotropical frog complex (Hylidae: Scinax granulatus)
Authors: Malleret Matías M. , Freire Marcelo D. , Lemes Priscila , Brum Fernanda T. , Camargo Arley , Verrastro Laura 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding which factors driving the genetic structure, geographic distribution patterns, and divergence of populations/species are of great interest in ecology and evolutionary biology. Phylogeographic and species hypotheses combined to distribution models may elucidate which phenomena drove evolutionary history of the biota of different biomes and ecoregions. Herein, we used distribution, environmental and genetic data to shed light on the evolutionary diversity of the Scinax granulatus complex, exploring the phylogeographic patterns, genetic structure and species boundaries across the Pampa and Southern Atlantic Forest biomes. We recovered four mitochondrial lineages which correspond to two putative species within the S. granulatus complex. We used genetic data to define species hypothesis with three discovery methods: bGMYC, bPTP and ASAP, and two delimitation approaches: BPP and BPP + gdi. We validated the species boundaries, confirming the differentiation of Scinax sp. lineage D from Atlantic Forest lowlands habitats, based on genetic data, ecological divergence and monophyly. Lineage D exhibited niche differentiation from S. granulatus sensu stricto (s.s.) based on distribution and environmental data. The climatic suitability of S. sp. D is defined by thermal variables, while that of S. granulatus s.s. was associated with rainfall. The diversification of the S. granulatus complex began during the Pliocene, but the colonization and divergence of lineages took place more recently during the Pleistocene. This study strongly suggests species‐level evolutionary divergence among lineages of S. granulatus complex, and highlights the need to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic characters to confirm the lineage D as a distinct species.
Diversification in highlands: phylogeny and taxonomy of pikas of the subgenus Conothoa (Lagomorpha, Ochotonidae)
Authors: Lissovsky Andrey A. , Yatsentyuk Svetlana P. , Obolenskaya Ekaterina V. , Koju Narayan P. , Ge Deyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPikas from the subgenus Conothoa are small lagomorphs inhabiting high elevations of the great Asian mountain belt from Tian Shan through the Himalayas to the Hengduan Mountains. All species are more or less associated with stony habitats. Because of the difficulties in accessing the major habitats, Conothoa pikas are some of the less‐studied Asian small mammals. We examined 742 skulls of all taxa from the subgenus as well as a set of 51 specimens and analysed with two mitochondrial and six nuclear genes. We found two main phylogenetic branches within the subgenus: the western (Ochotona macrotis, Ochotona iliensis, Ochotona roylii, Ochotona rutila, Ochotona ladacensis, Ochotona koslowi and Ochotona rufescens) and the eastern (Ochotona forresti and Ochotona erythrotis) branches. The important role of the most south‐eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent easternmost Himalayas in the formation of the diversity of Conothoa pikas is shown for the first time. Studying the intraspecific variation led us to consistent taxonomic revision for all widely distributed species, including nomenclatorial revision and analyses of terra typica of the nominal taxa.
Structural Health Monitoring of Electromechanical Actuators in Aviation—Challenges Ahead and Case Study
Authors: Memmolo Vittorio , Monaco Ernesto , Ricci Fabrizio , Vaselli Carmine , Cimminiello Nicola , Salvato Pasquale 
Published: April 2022

AbstractElectrical actuation concept fits perfectly with the worldwide strategy of more electric aircraft to reduce carbon footprint. However, the integration of linear electro-mechanical actuators is promising yet challenging in safety critical systems due to the jamming of the driven load. That fault is a critical mechanical transmission failure giving rise to concern in many applications such as primary flight controls or landing gears extension and steering. This article critically reviews electric actuation solutions currently available for aerospace application, the limits for their upcoming deployment and the different solutions to achieve an on-condition maintenance to reduce any safety risk during lifetime. A particular attention is given to the jamming and possible strategies to avoid any hazard induced by this failure. The most promising approach relies on the establishment of a predictive maintenance by monitoring continuously the actuator to timely warn any structural alteration, which is prone to induce jamming. Finally, a case study is presented, showing the ability of engine current monitoring to warn any alteration in the load maneuvering. The current spectrum analysis is found to be sensitive to both mechanical fault and control failure or malfunctioning. On top of that, no addition sensors are needed, making this technique affordable and cost-effective.
Design of a Low-Cost Parabolic Concentrator Solar Tracking System: Tubular Solar Still Application
Authors: Alhadri Muapper , Alatawi Ibrahim , Alshammari Fuhaid , Haleem Mohamed A. , Heniegal Ashraf Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelaziz Gamal B. , Ahmed Mohamed M. Z. , Alqsair Umar F. , Kabeel A. E. , Elashmawy Mohamed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The high cost of the solar tracking systems is the major obstacle facing the growth of the solar harvesting technology. Therefore, reducing the solar tracking cost is necessary for developing this important energy sector. This study developed a simple and low-cost solar tracking system for parabolic concentrator (PCST) assisting tubular solar still (TSS). A single-axis solar tracking mechanism is developed based on two small light-dependent resistors (LDRs) shielded by a blank sheet which keeps the two cells shielded from sunlight. When the sunlight moves, one of the two LDRs will gain some light activating a switch to turn on the driving motor moving the system in the opposite direction till the LDR shielded again. By this simple mechanism, the two LDRs are shielded from sunlight all the time and consequently, the solar collector is always facing the sunlight. A simple parametric study is also conducted for an efficient PCST-TSS device with higher freshwater productivity. The performance of the most promising five design categories is compared. Results showed that the lowest cost tracking system was 34.6% lower than the highest one. Moreover, the lowest CPL was $0.0074/L which is 43.1% lower than the highest CPL category. Moreover, a comparison with other studies showed high potential for the present significant reduction in the cost which ranges between 43.1% and 87% compared with the recent related studies. The developed device is fully self-reliance and suitable for rural and isolated communities having limited infrastructure.
Influence of Electric Current on the Temperature Rise and Wear Mechanism of Copper–Graphite Current-Carrying Friction Pair
Authors: Zhou Yuankai , Du Mengdi , Zuo Xue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to study the influence of current on the temperature rise and wear mechanism of the copper–graphite friction pair, the pin-disc current-carrying friction experiments were carried out under different current conditions. The friction coefficient, temperature, and wear topography were measured, and the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was conducted as well. The results show that the temperature of the friction pair rises rapidly at first, then the rising speed slows down, and finally reaches dynamic thermal equilibrium in the process of test. The temperature rise at the stable stage increases with the current. The main wear mechanism under low current is material spalling, and it turns to melt ejection and arc erosion under high current. The change of the lubricating film causes the complex wear behavior. With the increase of the current, the amount of transferred graphite increases, but the arc ablation becomes severe, and the graphite lubrication film gradually ruptures, which in turn increases the friction coefficient and makes the wear more severe. The results have a great significance for the anti-friction and wear-resistant design of the current-carrying friction pair.
Surface Roughness Characterization and Inversion of Ultrasonic Grinding Parameters Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Duo Yang , Jinyuan Tang , Fujia Xia , Wei Zhou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With surface roughness restricted by grinding parameters, the characterization of roughness parameters and the inversion of grinding parameters are of great significance for improving surface performance and realizing active surface machining. This research proposes a combination of statistical theory and data-driven analysis to solve the above problems. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate variance analysis indicate the correlation characterization parameter set (CPS) consists of Sa, Vmp, Vvv, and Sz and that there are differences in the influence of grinding parameters on the parameters in CPS. Adjustment of support vector machine (SVM) core parameters makes it possible to construct expansion parameter set (EPS) optimal inversion models. By designing pseudo-surface random roughness parameters and grinding experiments, the reliability of inversion models is verified. The results show: (1) The better generalization of inversion model indicates skewness Ssk and kurtosis Sku in EPS have important implications for the optimal inversion model and surface characterization and (2) The data-driven model based on support vector machine provides machining guidance for obtaining the expected ultrasonic grinding surface.
The origin of Franson-type nonlocal correlation
Authors: Ham Byoung S. 
Published: April 2022

Franson-type nonlocal correlation results in a second-order intensity fringe between two remotely separated parties via coincidence measurements, whereas the corresponding local measurements show a perfect incoherence feature. This nonlocal correlation fringe between paired photons is mysterious due to the local randomness in both parties. Here, the Franson nonlocal correlation fringe is analytically investigated using the wave nature of photons to understand the mysterious quantum feature. As a result, the nonlocal intensity fringe is turned out to be a measurement selection-based coherence feature, while the local randomness is from effective decoherence among broad bandwidth-distributed photon pairs. As a result, a coherence version of Franson nonlocal correlation is suggested for macroscopic quantum applications with a commercial laser. The local and nonlocal correlations of the proposed scheme show the same results as entangled photon-pair based Franson correlation.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 28 October 2022.
Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) in children: a modified Delphi process
Authors: Stephenson Terence , Allin Benjamin , Nugawela Manjula D , Rojas Natalia , Dalrymple Emma , Pinto Pereira Snehal , Soni Manas , Knight Marian , Cheung Emily Y , Heyman Isobel ,   CLoCk Consortium, Shafran Roz 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to derive a research definition for ‘Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition)’ in children and young people (CYP) to allow comparisons between research studies.DesignA three-phase online Delphi process was used, followed by a consensus meeting. Participants were presented with 49 statements in each phase and scored them from 1 to 9 based on how important they were for inclusion in the research definition of Long COVID in CYP. The consensus meeting was held to achieve representation across the stakeholder groups. Statements agreed at the consensus meeting were reviewed by participants in the Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) Research Advisory Group.SettingThe study was conducted remotely using online surveys and a virtual consensus meeting.Participants120 people with relevant expertise were divided into three panels according to their area of expertise: Service Delivery, Research (or combination of research and service delivery) and Lived Experience. The PPI Research Advisory group consisted of CYP aged 11–17 years.Main outcome measuresConsensus was defined using existing guidelines. If consensus was achieved in two or more panels or was on the border between one and two panels, those statements were discussed and voted on at the consensus meeting.ResultsTen statements were taken forward for discussion in the consensus meeting and five statements met threshold to be included in the research definition of Long COVID among CYP. The research definition, aligned to the clinical case definition of the WHO, is proposed as follows:Post-COVID-19 condition occurs in young people with a history of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with at least one persisting physical symptom for a minimum duration of 12 weeks after initial testing that cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. The symptoms have an impact on everyday functioning, may continue or develop after COVID infection, and may fluctuate or relapse over time. The positive COVID-19 test referred to in this definition can be a lateral flow antigen test, a PCR test or an antibody test.ConclusionsThis is the first research definition of Long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) in CYP and complements the clinical case definition in adults proposed by the WHO.