bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmet Need for Contraception Among Female Sex Workers Initiating Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention During Kenya's National Scale-Up: Results From a Programmatic Surveillance Study
Authors: Kamau Mercy , Musau Abednego , Were Daniel , Waruguru Gladys , Kabue Mark , Mutegi Jane , Plotkin Marya , Reed Jason 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundFemale sex workers (FSWs) experience a higher risk for both HIV acquisition and unwanted pregnancies compared to women in the general population. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention offers protection against HIV infection but has no contraceptive effect. We examined the determinants of unmet need for contraception among FSWs who initiated PrEP to inform programs and policies to optimize contraceptive services and avert unwanted pregnancy among this high-risk group.Materials and MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted on routine, de-identified client data from a large-scale PrEP service delivery project, from February 2017 to December 2019. Data were collected from FSWs during clinic visits using Ministry of Health approved tools. Records for all 17,456 FSWs initiated on PrEP from 79 health facilities in 10 counties across three geographic clusters with high and medium HIV incidence were examined for eligibility for the analysis. Unmet need for non-barrier contraception was defined as not being pregnant, not currently using the non-barrier contraceptive method, and not trying to conceive or intending to have a child in the near future. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were conducted with selected variables to examine associations.ResultsIn the 79 sites, eligible records from 17,063 FSWs who initiated PrEP were included. Two-thirds were under 30 years, and the majority were not married and had received PrEP at drop-in centers. Overall, the unmet need for non-barrier contraception was 52.6%, higher for those under 20 years of age (60.9%) and those served in public and private health facilities (67.4 and 83.2%, respectively) rather than drop-in centers (50.6%). Women from the Nairobi and Coast cluster regions reported a higher unmet need for contraception compared to those from the Lake region. All these associations were significant (p &lt; 0.05) at the multivariate level.ConclusionsThe high unmet need for non-barrier contraception among FSWs initiating PrEP highlights the need for integrated delivery of contraception services within PrEP programs. Identifying groups with a high unmet need could lead to higher success in an integrated program. Two recommended approaches include training healthcare providers to deliver clear contraception messaging during PrEP initiation and making a range of contraceptives accessible within PrEP services for high-risk groups. Furthermore, accelerated research on multipurpose prevention technologies is necessary to reduce the burden on individuals using multiple prevention products concurrently.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Li2Si2O5 Whisker-Reinforced Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Yan Jingyu , Liu Xiaoming , Wu Xiuping , Wu Xiao , Zhang Yanjie , Li Bing 
Published: February 2022

Lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) glass-ceramics are an ideal material for dental restoration; however, their intrinsic brittleness and low defect tolerance limit the scope of their clinical applications. In this study, Li2Si2O5 whiskers were creatively synthesized via a mild-condition hydrothermal reaction. Self-reinforced Li2Si2O5 glass-ceramics were sintered by introducing the Li2Si2O5 whiskers, and their effects on phase, microstructure, and mechanical properties were systematically studied. The crystal-growth and toughening mechanisms were also discussed. The results showed that the Li2Si2O5 whiskers played an important role in inducing crystallization, and improving the microstructure and properties of the glass-ceramics. With increasing amounts of Li2Si2O5 whiskers, the crystallinities increased slightly, and the average crystal size also increased. The microstructure was composed of crystals of bimodal size distributions, in which some large, rod-like Li2Si2O5 crystals epitaxially grew along with the whiskers, and small crystals directly crystallized from the parent glass-ceramic powders. The Li2Si2O5 glass-ceramics exhibited high flexural strength (389.5 ± 11.77 MPa, LDW3), and fracture toughness (3.46 ± 0.10 MPa·m1/2, LDW5). The improved properties were attributed mainly to crack deflection and bridge-toughening mechanisms.
Malnutrition and Risk of Mortality in Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Tang Haiyan , Gong Fan , Guo Hongquan , Dai Zheng , Wang Jun , Liu Bin , Li Tingting , Tang Xianbiao , Dong Junru , Pan Song , Wang Mingzhe , Sun Yan , Qin Baofeng , Zhang Jingsi , Zhu Xuyin , Tian Jun , Fei Zhimin , Lu Gendi , Liu Dezhi 
Published: February 2022

Background and PurposeMalnutrition is highly prevalent in ischemic stroke patients. We aimed to investigate whether malnutrition indexes may be useful in predicting mortality at 90 days in ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy at three comprehensive stroke centers. Malnutrition was assessed using the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI).ResultsOf 979 patients (mean age, 66.8 years; males, 63.6%) included in this study, 91 (9.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.4–10.2%) died at 3-month follow up. According to the CONUT, GNRI, and PNI scores, 9.9, 33.7, and 7.0% of patients were moderately or severely malnourished, respectively; 64.0% were at least mildly malnourished by at least 1 malnutrition index. In the multivariate regression model after adjusting for potential confounders, malnutrition (severe risk versus normal nutritional status) was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality for CONUT scores (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 16.16, 95%CI, 7.86-67.11; P &lt; 0.001), GNRI scores (adjusted OR 9.82, 4.10-23.51; P &lt; 0.001) and PNI scores (adjusted OR 12.74, 5.56-29.19; P &lt; 0.001). Similar results were found when the malnutrition scores were analyzed as continuous variables. Adding the three malnutrition indexes to models containing conventional risk factors significantly improved risk reclassification for 3-month mortality.ConclusionOur study showed that malnutrition may be associated with a higher risk of mortality at 3 months in ischemic stroke after intravenous thrombolysis.
Prospective Associations of Tea Consumption With Risk of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study in China
Authors: Li Wei , Yue Ling , Xiao Shifu 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPrevious studies show that the consumption of tea is associated with several beneficial outcomes for brain health, but there is little data among the elderly in China.ObjectiveThe objective was to explore the longitudinal relationship between tea consumption and the risk of cognitive decline.MethodsThe current data was obtained from the China Longitudinal Aging Study (CLAS), and a total of 3,246 residents aged 60 years and above were recruited in this study. Some of them (N = 111) underwent a standard T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), from which the volumes of the corpus callosum (CC) and hippocampus were calculated, and detailed tea consumption information was obtained through a standardized questionnaire at baseline. The cognitive diagnosis of each participant was made by attending psychiatrists at baseline and follow-up. Their overall cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while their associative learning ability was assessed by an associative learning test (ALT). Finally, 1,545 elderly with normal cognitive function completed the baseline and follow-up assessment and were included in the final study.ResultsAfter controlling gender, education, smoking, take exercise and hobbies, we found that the elderly with tea consumption habits had a lower incidence rate of cognitive decline (p = 0.002, OR = 0.604, 95%CI:0.437~0.836) and tea consumption was negatively correlated with the change scores of MoCA (r = −0.056, p = 0.029). What's more, the CC_posterior volume of tea drinkers was significantly smaller than that of non-tea drinkers, while the baseline ALT score of tea drinkers was significantly higher than that of non-tea drinkers. The results of correlation analysis showed that the CC_posterior volume was significantly correlated with ALT change score (r = −0.319, p = 0.010).ConclusionsThe habit of tea consumption is associated with less incidence of cognitive impairment among the Chinese elderly, and it may prevent a decline in memory and associative learning by affecting the volume of the posterior corpus callosum.
Raw and Cooked Vegetable Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Study of 400,000 Adults in UK Biobank
Authors: Feng Qi , Kim Jean H. , Omiyale Wemimo , Bešević Jelena , Conroy Megan , May Margaret , Yang Zuyao , Wong Samuel Yeung-shan , Tsoi Kelvin Kam-fai , Allen Naomi , Lacey Ben 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesHigher levels of vegetable consumption have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the independent effect of raw and cooked vegetable consumption remains unclear.MethodsFrom the UK Biobank cohort, 399,586 participants without prior CVD were included in the analysis. Raw and cooked vegetable intakes were measured with a validated dietary questionnaire at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate the associations between vegetable intake and CVD incidence and mortality, adjusted for socioeconomic status, health status, and lifestyle factors. The potential effect of residual confounding was assessed by calculating the percentage reduction in the likelihood ratio (LR) statistics after adjustment for the confounders.ResultsThe mean age was 56 years and 55% were women. Mean intakes of raw and cooked vegetables were 2.3 and 2.8 tablespoons/day, respectively. During 12 years of follow-up, 18,052 major CVD events and 4,406 CVD deaths occurred. Raw vegetable intake was inversely associated with both CVD incidence (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI] for the highest vs. lowest intake: 0.89 [0.83–0.95]) and CVD mortality (0.85 [0.74–0.97]), while cooked vegetable intake was not (1.00 [0.91–1.09] and 0.96 [0.80–1.13], respectively). Adjustment for potential confounders reduced the LR statistics for the associations of raw vegetables with CVD incidence and mortality by 82 and 87%, respectively.ConclusionsHigher intakes of raw, but not cooked, vegetables were associated with lower CVD risk. Residual confounding is likely to account for much, if not all, of the observed associations. This study suggests the need to reappraise the evidence on the burden of CVD disease attributable to low vegetable intake in the high-income populations.
Bibliometric Analysis of Ferroptosis in Stroke From 2013 to 2021
Authors: Chen Yuhua , Long Tianlin , Xu Quanhua , Zhang Chi 
Published: February 2022

Background: Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability and death, but the clinical therapeutic strategy for stroke is limited and more research must be conducted to explore the possible avenues for stroke treatment and recovery. Since ferroptosis is defined, its role in the body has become the focus of attention and discussion, including in stroke.Methods: In this work, we aim to systematically discuss the “ferroptosis in stroke” research by bibliometric analysis. Documents were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database on October 30, 2021. Statistical analysis and visualization analysis were conducted by the VOSviewer 1.6.15.Results: Ninety-nine documents were identified for bibliometric analysis. Research on “ferroptosis in stroke” has been rapidly developing and has remained the focus of many scholars and organizations in the last few years, but the Chinese groups in this field still lacked collaboration with others. Documents and citation analysis suggested that Rajiv R. Ratan and Brent R. Stockwell are active researchers, and the research by Qingzhang Tuo, Ishraq Alim, and Qian Li are more important drivers in the development of the field. Keywords associated with lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, iron, oxidative stress, and cell death had high frequency, but apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy had scant research, and there may be more research ideas in the future by scholars.Conclusion: Further exploration of the mechanisms of crosstalk between ferroptosis and other programmed cell death may improve clinical applications and therapeutic effects against stroke. Scholars will also continue to pay attention to and be interested in the hot topic “ferroptosis in stroke”, to produce more exciting results and provide new insights into the bottleneck of stroke treatment.
Is Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Relevant for Antidepressant Drug Therapy? Implications From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Focus on Moderating Factors
Authors: Funk Cleo S. M. , Hart Xenia M. , Gründer Gerhard , Hiemke Christoph , Elsner Björn , Kreutz Reinhold , Riemer Thomas G. 
Published: February 2022

Inter-individual differences in antidepressant drug concentrations attained in blood may limit the efficacy of pharmacological treatment of depressive disorders. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) enables to determine drug concentrations in blood and adjust antidepressant dosage accordingly. However, research on the underlying assumption of TDM, association between concentration and clinical effect, has yielded ambiguous results for antidepressants. It has been proposed that this ambiguity may be caused by methodological shortcomings in studies investigating the concentration-effect relationship. Guidelines recommend the use of TDM in antidepressant treatment as expert opinion. This reflects the lack of research, particularly systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials, on the relationship between concentration and effect as well as on the benefits of the use of TDM in clinical practice. In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials has been performed to investigate the relationship between antidepressant concentration, efficacy, and side effects. It is the first meta-analytical approach to this subject and additionally considers methodological properties of primary studies as moderators of effect in quantitative analysis. Our results identified methodological shortcomings, namely the use of a flexible dose design and the exclusion of concentrations in lower- or subtherapeutic ranges, which significantly moderate the relationship between antidepressant concentration and efficacy. Such shortcomings obscure the evidence base of using TDM in clinical practice to guide antidepressant drug therapy. Further research should consider these findings to determine the relationship between concentration and efficacy and safety of antidepressant treatments, especially for newer antidepressants.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=246149, identifier: CRD42021246149.
COVID-19 Related Stress and Mental Health Outcomes 1 Year After the Peak of the Pandemic Outbreak in China: the Mediating Effect of Resilience and Social Support
Authors: Hu Jingchu , Huang Yiting , Liu Jiayu , Zheng Zhiying , Xu Xiuhua , Zhou Yunfei , Wang Jianhong 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCOVID-19 outbreak have a long-term negative impact on mental health. Meanwhile, it may also provide opportunities for positive outcomes (e.g., post-traumatic growth). Resilience and social support could serve as psychological resources to protect individuals against the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 crisis and enable people to develop positive changes during challenging times.ObjectiveBy testing the roles of resilience and social support in the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and negative mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety), as well as the relationship between COVID-19 related stress and positive mental health outcomes (post-traumatic growth, PTG), this study aimed to investigate the psychological mechanisms involved in different mental health outcomes induced by COVID-19.MethodsAn online survey was conducted 1 year after the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak (from April to August 2021) in China. The survey includes demographic questionnaires and six scales: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for COVID-19 (IES-RC), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relations and mechanisms between COVID-19 related stress and resilience, social support in depression, anxiety, and PTG.ResultsA total of 771 Chinese subjects completed the questionnaire, including 416 (54%) females. COVID-19 related stress was associated with anxiety (P &lt; 0.001), PTG (P &lt; 0.001), and depression (P &lt; 0.001). Resilience was related to depression (P &lt; 0.001), anxiety (P &lt; 0.001), and PTG (P &lt; 0.001). Social support was associated with depression (P &lt; 0.001), anxiety (P &lt; 0.001), and PTG (P &lt; 0.001). Under SEM analysis, resilience mediated the effects of COVID-19 related stress on depression and post-traumatic growth. Social support mediated the impacts of COVID-19 related stress on post-traumatic growth, depression, and anxiety. The path coefficients of the mediation effects were statistically significant.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that COVID-19 related stress has a double-edged effect on mental health. Depression, anxiety, and PTG coexist in Chinese individuals 1 year after the peak of the pandemic. Resilience and social support serve as important protective factors of mental health, safeguard people from the negative mental health outcomes of the COVID-19, and promote PTG.
MyotonPro Is a Valid Device for Assessing Wrist Biomechanical Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Nguyen Anh Phong , Detrembleur Christine , Fisette Paul , Selves Clara , Mahaudens Philippe 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe MyotonPro is a portable device for measuring biomechanical and viscoelastic properties in superficial soft tissues. The aims of this study are firstly to validate the MyotonPro compared to a reliable gold-standard frame and secondly to observe the influence of MyotonPro measurement on the total wrist viscoelasticity.MethodsThree silicone polymers with different elastic properties were assessed with the MyotonPro and with a reference rheometer (Universal Tribometer Mod). Then, a free oscillations method was used to measure the passive elastic and viscous stiffness of the wrist and compared to MyotonPro forearm measurements.ResultsA one-way ANOVA demonstrated the validity of the MyotonPro's stiffness (p = 0.001), decrement (p &lt; 0.001), and relaxation (p = 0.008) parameters for measuring the elastic stiffness (k) of the three polymers. The MyotonPro parameters demonstrated excellent reliability on the forearm. Proximal and distal anterior myofascial measurements of the MyotonPro were moderately correlated to the elastic stiffness (p = 0.0027–0.0275, absolute r = from 0.270 to 0.375) of the wrist while the postero-distal myofascial tissues of the forearm demonstrated a moderate correlation with the viscous stiffness of the wrist (p = 0.0096–0.0433, absolute r = from 0.257 to 0.326).DiscussionThe MyotonPro is a valid device for measuring elastic stiffness as well as a portable, affordable, and easy-to-use tool for quantifying the biomechanical properties and viscoelasticity of myofascial tissue in healthy subjects.
Etiology Analysis and Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy of Traumatic Brain Injury Complicated With Hyponatremia
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Dong Wensheng , Dou Xianghong , Wang Jinjin , Yin Peng , Shi Hui 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo explore the etiology and diagnosis and treatment strategy of traumatic brain injury complicated with hyponatremia.Methods90 patients with traumatic brain injury admitted to our hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into hyponatremic group (50 patients) and non-hyponatremic group (40 patients) according to the patients' concomitant hyponatremia, and the clinical data of the two groups were collected and compared. In addition, patients in the hyponatremia group were divided into a control group and an experimental group of 25 patients each according to their order of admission, with the control group receiving conventional treatment and the experimental group using continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Hemodynamic indices, mortality and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) indices before and after treatment were compared between the control and experimental groups. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was used to assess the degree of coma before and after the treatment in the two groups, and the patients' disease status was assessed using the Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation Scoring System (APACHE II).ResultsThe etiology of traumatic brain injury complicated with hyponatremia is related to the degree of brain injury, ventricular hemorrhage, cerebral edema, and skull base fracture (P &lt; 0.05). After the treatment, the hemodynamic indexes, APACHE II scores, death rate, and NSE levels of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.001); The experimental group yielded remarkably higher GAC scores as compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe degree of brain injury, ventricular hemorrhage, cerebral edema, and skull base fracture were considered to be the main factors for traumatic brain injury complicated with hyponatremia. Continuous renal replacement therapy can effectively improve the clinical indicators of the patients with a promising curative effect, which merits promotion and application.
T1121G Point Mutation in the Mitochondrial Gene COX1 Suppresses a Null Mutation in ATP23 Required for the Assembly of Yeast Mitochondrial ATP Synthase
Authors: Yang Guangying , Zhao Tong , Lu Shan , Weng Jun , Zeng Xiaomei 
Published: February 2022

Nuclear-encoded Atp23 was previously shown to have dual functions, including processing the yeast Atp6 precursor and assisting the assembly of yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase. However, it remains unknown whether there are genes functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue atp23 null mutant. In the present paper, we screen and characterize three revertants of atp23 null mutant and reveal a T1121G point mutation in the mitochondrial gene COX1 coding sequence, which leads to Val374Gly mutation in Cox1, the suppressor in the revertants. This was verified further by the partial restoration of mitochondrial ATP synthase assembly in atp23 null mutant transformed with exogenous hybrid COX1 T1121G mutant plasmid. The predicted tertiary structure of the Cox1 p.Val374Gly mutation showed no obvious difference from wild-type Cox1. By further chase labeling with isotope [35S]-methionine, we found that the stability of Atp6 of ATP synthase increased in the revertants compared with the atp23 null mutant. Taking all the data together, we revealed that the T1121G point mutation of mitochondrial gene COX1 could partially restore the unassembly of mitochondrial ATP synthase in atp23 null mutant by increasing the stability of Atp6. Therefore, this study uncovers a gene that is partially functionally complementary to ATP23 to rescue ATP23 deficiency, broadening our understanding of the relationship between yeast the cytochrome c oxidase complex and mitochondrial ATP synthase complex.