bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallic Artifact Reduction of Multiacquisition With Variable Resonance Image Combination Selective–Short Tau Inversion Recovery for Postoperative Cervical Spine With Artificial Disk Replacement: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kim Jeong Kyeom , Kim Yeo Ju , Lee Seunghun , Yoon Daehyun , Lee Ro Woon , Hong Jung Ui , Ryu Dal-Sung , Bae Jiyoon 
Published: January 2022

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate multiacquisition with variable resonance image combination selective short tau inversion recovery (MAVRIC SL STIR) for metallic artifact reduction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of postoperative cervical spine with artificial disk replacement.

Methods
A porcine cervical spine with artificial disk replacement was subject to 3 T MRI with variable fat-suppressed fluid-sensitive sequences. Five volunteers underwent MRI with MAVRIC SL STIR and STIR. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed for metallic artifact reduction.

Results
MAVRIC SL STIR showed the least signal void areas in the tissue phantom and volunteer study. In the tissue phantom study, MAVRIC SL STIR showed the best visualization of anatomic structure, least distortion, and signal pile-up. However, it ranked last for the homogeneity of fat suppression among sequences. In the volunteer study, MAVRIC SL STIR showed better visualization of anatomic structure and lesser distortion, but showed worse image quality of the spinal cord than STIR in the sagittal plane (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
MAVRIC SL STIR might be useful for visualization of anatomy by reduction of signal void areas and distortion in the operated site but should be used as a complement to STIR for evaluation of the spinal cord signal change.
Esophageal Oligometastases of the Foot
Authors: Ricely John M. , Posocco David , Dadparvar Simin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acrometastasis is a rare clinical entity, estimated to represent less than 0.3% of all bone metastases. Here, we present a case of esophageal cancer that was treated with esophagectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy and developed oligometastases of the foot after 8 years in remission. The patient developed pain and swelling in his left ankle and foot as the presenting symptom. He underwent radiography and MRI of the affected area, which revealed the lesion. A 99mTc-MDP whole-body bone scan did not reveal any other sites of metastasis.
Rare “Burned-Out” Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wu Yu-Chin , Kao Chia-Hung , Sun Shung-Shung , Hsieh Te-Chun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous regression of testicular mixed germ cell tumor is rare and is also called burned-out testicular tumor. We herein present the case of a 20-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with metastatic embryonal carcinoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated apparent metastases in the lymph node regions and both lungs. A covert right testicular lesion was noted according to the features on the CT component of PET/CT, which was subsequently confirmed as burned-out testicular mixed germ cell tumor.
A Prospective Study Using Propensity Score Matching to Compare Long-term Survival Outcomes After Robotic-assisted, Laparoscopic, or Open Liver Resection for Patients With BCLC Stage 0-A Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Peng , Liao Wei , Zhang Wan-Guang , Chen Lin , Shu Chang , Zhang Zhi-Wei , Huang Zhi-Yong , Chen Yi-Fa , Lau Wan Yee , Zhang Bi-Xiang , Chen Xiao-Ping 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of robot-assisted (RALR), laparoscopic (LLR), or open liver resection (OLR) in the treatment of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0-A hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Summary Background Data:
Following the Balliol IDEAL classification, long-term oncological outcomes can be used to evaluate the value of minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of HCC, and to assess whether they should become a standard practice.

Methods:
Data from prospective cohorts of patients with BCLC stage 0-A HCC who underwent curative liver resection using OLR, LLR, or RALR at Tongji Hospital were reviewed. The short-term and long-term oncological outcomes of these 3 different surgical approaches after adequate follow-up were compared using propensity score matching to reduce selection bias.

Results:
Of 369 patients included in this study (71, RALR; 141, LLR; and 157, OLR), 56 patients in each of the 3 groups were chosen for further comparison, after propensity score matching. In the minimally invasive group (RALR+LLR), both the operative time and duration of Pringle’s maneuver were significantly longer than those in the OLR group; however, the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter. There were no significant differences in the other intraoperative parameters and the incidence of postoperative complications among the 3 groups. HCC recurrence in the minimally invasive group when compared with the OLR group was characterized by a significantly higher proportion of single lesion or early-stage HCC. However, there were no significant differences in the 5-year disease-free survival (63.8%, 54.4%, and 50.6%) or overall survival rates (80.8%, 78.6%, and 75.7%, respectively) among the 3 groups. Clinically significant portal hypertension was the only risk factor that negatively affected the 5-year disease-free survival rate. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that clinically significant portal hypertension, serum alpha-fetoprotein level (≥400 ng/mL), and Edmondson-Steiner grading (III+IV) were independent risk factors for poor long-term survival.

Conclusion:
Both robotic and laparoscopic hepatectomies were safe and effective for patients with BCLC stage 0-A HCC when compared with open hepatectomy.
Evaluating the complex association between Social Vulnerability Index and trauma mortality
Authors: Neiman Pooja U. , Flaherty Melanie M. , Salim Ali , Sangji Naveen F. , Ibrahim Andrew , Fan Zhaohui , Hemmila Mark R. , Scott John W. 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION
Social determinants of health are known to impact patient-level outcomes, but they are often difficult to measure. The Social Vulnerability Index was created by the Centers for Disease Control to identify vulnerable communities using population-based measures. However, the relationship between SVI and trauma outcomes is poorly understood.

METHODS
In this retrospective study, we merged SVI data with a statewide trauma registry and used three analytic models to evaluate the association between SVI quartile and inpatient trauma mortality: (1) an unadjusted model, (2) a claims-based model using only covariates available to claims datasets, and (3) a registry-based model incorporating robust clinical variables collected in accordance with the National Trauma Data Standard.

RESULTS
We identified 83,607 adult trauma admissions from January 1, 2017, to September 30, 2020. Higher SVI was associated with worse mortality in the unadjusted model (odds ratio, 1.72 [95% confidence interval, 1.30–2.29] for highest vs. lowest SVI quintile). A weaker association between SVI and mortality was identified after adjusting for covariates common to claims data. Finally, there was no significant association between SVI and inpatient mortality after adjusting for covariates common to robust trauma registries (adjusted odds ratio, 1.10 [95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.53] for highest vs. lowest SVI quintile). Higher SVI was also associated with a higher likelihood of presenting with penetrating injuries, a shock index of >0.9, any Abbreviated Injury Scale score of >5, or in need of a blood transfusion (p < 0.05 for all).

CONCLUSION
Patients living in communities with greater social vulnerability are more likely to die after trauma admission. However, after risk adjustment with robust clinical covariates, this association was no longer significant. Our findings suggest that the inequitable burden of trauma mortality is not driven by variation in quality of treatment, but rather in the lethality of injuries. As such, improving trauma survival among high-risk communities will require interventions and policies that target social and structural inequities upstream of trauma center admission.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic / Epidemiologic, Level IV.
Life threat during assaultive trauma: Critical posttraumatic stress disorder risk factors for injured patients
Authors: Timmer-Murillo Sydney C. , Schramm Andrew , deRoon-Cassini Terri A. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
Rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among injury survivors are higher relative to the general population, supporting the need to identify those most at risk for PTSD following injury given negative impact of PTSD on recovery. Perceived life threat and assaultive trauma are consistent risk factors for subsequent PTSD development, although less work has explored them in combination. The current study evaluated whether trauma type (assaultive vs. nonassaultive) and perceived life threat, together, led to greater PTSD symptoms 1 month and 6 months postinjury.

METHODS
Participants included adult injured trauma survivors admitted to a level 1 trauma center. While hospitalized, perceived life threat during trauma was assessed and mechanism of injury was collected via record review and was collapsed into two categories: assaultive and nonassaultive. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fifth Edition]) was administered at 1 month (N = 137) and 6 months (N = 220) after injury.

RESULTS
The four symptoms clusters of PTSD (intrusions, avoidance, hyperarousal, and negative mood/cognitions) were examined using four 2 (time) × 2 (life threat) × 2 (trauma type) mixed methods analyses of variance to assess differences based on risk factors and time. Results showed significant interaction effects of life threat, trauma type, and time for intrusive symptoms and avoidance symptoms. Individuals with life threat during assaultive traumas maintained heightened intrusive symptoms across time and increased avoidance at 6 months. On the other hand, participants with either life threat or assaultive traumas had decreased symptoms at 6 months.

CONCLUSION
Experiencing assaultive trauma and life threat led to greater symptoms of PTSD. Individuals with assaultive traumas who experienced life threat may represent a specific at-risk group following injury. Avoidance can protract functional impairment and impede access to care, negatively impacting recovery. This study highlights a need to assess for these peritrauma factors during hospitalization and supports early intervention targeting avoidance and intrusive symptoms in this group.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/Epidemiologic, Level IV.
Are burns a chronic condition? Examining patient reported outcomes up to 20 years after burn injury—A Burn Model System National Database investigation
Authors: Abouzeid Cailin A. , Wolfe Audrey E. , Ni Pengsheng , Carrougher Gretchen J. , Gibran Nicole S. , Hammond Flora M. , Holavanahalli Radha , McMullen Kara A. , Roaten Kimberly , Suman Oscar , Stewart Barclay T. , Wolf Steven , Zafonte Ross , Kazis Lewis E. , Ryan Colleen M. , Schneider Jeffrey C. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND
People living with burn injury often face long-term physical and psychological sequelae associated with their injuries. Few studies have examined the impacts of burn injuries on long-term health and function, life satisfaction, and community integration beyond 5 years postinjury. The purpose of this study was to examine these outcomes up to 20 years after burn injury.

METHODS
Data from the Burn Model System National Longitudinal Database (1993–2020) were analyzed. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected at discharge (preinjury status recall) and 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, and 20 years after injury. Outcomes examined were the SF-12/VR-12 Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Community Integration Questionnaire. Trajectories were developed using linear mixed models with repeated measures of outcome scores over time, controlling for demographic and clinical variables.

RESULTS
The study population included 421 adult burn survivors with a mean age of 42.4 years. Lower Physical Component Summary scores (worse health) were associated with longer length of hospital stay, older age at injury and greater time since injury. Similarly, lower Mental Component Summary scores were associated with longer length of hospital stay, female sex, and greater time since injury. Satisfaction with Life Scale scores decrease negatively over time. Lower Community Integration Questionnaire scores were associated with burn size and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity.

CONCLUSION
Burn survivors' physical and mental health and satisfaction with life worsened over time up to 20 years after injury. Results strongly suggest that future studies should focus on long-term follow-up where clinical interventions may be necessary.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level III.
Prehospital low titer group O whole blood is feasible and safe: Results of a prospective randomized pilot trial
Authors: Guyette Frank X. , Zenati Mazen , Triulzi Darrell J. , Yazer Mark H. , Skroczky Hunter , Early Barbara J. , Adams Peter W. , Brown Joshua B. , Alarcon Louis , Neal Matthew D. , Forsythe Raquel M. , Zuckerbraun Brian S. , Peitzman Andrew B. , Billiar Timothy R. , Sperry Jason L. 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION
Low titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) resuscitation is increasingly common in both military and civilian settings. Data regarding the safety and efficacy of prehospital LTOWB remain limited.

METHODS
We performed a single-center, prospective, cluster randomized, prehospital through in-hospital whole blood pilot trial for injured air medical patients. We compared standard prehospital air medical care including red cell transfusion and crystalloids followed by in-hospital component transfusion to prehospital and in-hospital LTOWB resuscitation. Prehospital vital signs were used as inclusion criteria (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg and heart rate ≥108 beats per minute or systolic blood pressure ≤70 mm Hg for patients at risk of hemorrhage). Primary outcome was feasibility. Secondary outcomes included 28-day and 24-hour mortality, multiple organ failure, nosocomial infection, 24-hour transfusion requirements, and arrival coagulation parameters.

RESULTS
Between November 2018 and October 2020, 86 injured patients were cluster randomized by helicopter base. The trial has halted early at 77% enrollment. Overall, 28-day mortality for the cohort was 26%. Injured patients randomized to prehospital LTOWB (n = 40) relative to standard care (n = 46) were similar in demographics and injury characteristics. Intent-to-treat Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated no statistical mortality benefit at 28 days (25.0% vs. 26.1%, p = 0.85). Patients randomized to prehospital LTOWB relative to standard care had lower red cell transfusion requirements at 24 hours (p < 0.01) and a lower incidence of abnormal thromboelastographic measurements. No transfusion reactions during the prehospital or in-hospital phase of care were documented.

CONCLUSION
Prehospital through in-hospital LTOWB resuscitation is safe and may be associated with hemostatic benefits. A large-scale clinical trial is feasible with protocol adjustment and would allow the effects of prehospital LTOWB on survival and other pertinent clinical outcomes to be appropriately characterized.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management, Level II.
Impact of a native hemiparasitic plant on invasive and native hosts in the field
Authors: Cirocco Robert M. , Watling Jennifer R. , Facelli José M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that native parasitic plants are showing potential as biocontrols for plant invasions which are a major global threat to biodiversity. However, for this potential to be realised, the range of invasive hosts that can be controlled needs to be identified while also evaluating any potential off-target effects the parasite may pose. To address this, we investigated the impact of the Australian native shoot hemiparasitic plant,Cassytha pubescenson the major invasive speciesRubus anglocandicansand two native shrubs,Acacia pycnanthaandBursaria spinosain naturally occurring populations in southern Australia. We measured foliar predawn and midday quantum yield, electron transport rate (ETR), stomatal conductance (gs), carbon isotope composition and foliar nitrogen concentration [N] of uninfected and infected plants and, apart from gs, also forC. pubescens. Infection significantly decreased predawn and midday quantum yield, ETR and gsof invasiveR. anglocandicans. In contrast, infection had no effect on predawn and midday quantum yield, ETR or carbon isotope composition of the native hosts. However,C. pubescenshad a significant negative effect on native host gs, and a positive effect on host [N]. Parasite stem [N] was significantly higher when infectingA. pycnanthathanB. spinosa. These results strengthen evidence for native parasitic plants having greater impact on invasive hosts while having mild off-target effects on native hosts and thus, show potential to mitigate plant invasions and help protect biodiversity.
Biodistribution and Environmental Safety of a Live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Li Li-Hsin , Liesenborghs Laurens , Wang Lanjiao , Lox Marleen , Yakass Michael Bright , Jansen Sander , Rosales Rosas Ana Lucia , Zhang Xin , Thibaut Hendrik Jan , Teuwen Dirk , Neyts Johan , Delang Leen , Dallmeier Kai 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTNew platforms are urgently needed for the design of novel prophylactic vaccines and advanced immune therapies. Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine YF17D serves as vector for several licensed vaccines and platform for novel vaccine candidates. Based on YF17D, we developed YF-S0 as exceptionally potent COVID-19 vaccine candidate. However, use of such live RNA virus vaccines raises safety concerns, i.e., adverse events linked to original YF17D (yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic; YEL-AND, and viscerotropic disease; YEL-AVD). In this study, we investigated the biodistribution and shedding of YF-S0 in hamsters. Likewise, we introduced hamsters deficient in STAT2 signaling as new preclinical model of YEL-AND/AVD. Compared to parental YF17D, YF-S0 showed an improved safety with limited dissemination to brain and visceral tissues, absent or low viremia, and no shedding of infectious virus. Considering yellow fever virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, any inadvertent exposure to the live recombinant vector via mosquito bites is to be excluded. The transmission risk of YF-S0 was hence evaluated in comparison to readily transmitting YFV-Asibi strain and non-transmitting YF17D vaccine, with no evidence for productive infection of vector mosquitoes. The overall favorable safety profile of YF-S0 is expected to translate to other novel vaccines that are based on the same YF17D platform.
Dynamic observation of2H labeled compounds in the human brain with1H versus2H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4T
Authors: Ruhm Loreen , Ziegs Theresia , Wright Andrew Martin , Mathy Claudius Sebastian , Murali-Manohar Saipavitra , Dorst Johanna , Avdievich Nikolai , Henning Anke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe metabolic pathway of [6,6’-2H2]-labeled glucose was investigated with two different techniques. The first technique used direct detection of deuterium applying Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DMI). The second technique used the indirect detection of deuterium with proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) called Quantitative Exchanged-label Turnover (QELT) MRS. For the first time, time-resolved data was acquired for both techniques in the same healthy human subjects and directly compared. The time-curves were used in a kinetic model to estimate rates of the metabolic pathway of glucose. Two different kinetic models were compared. One included only DMI data, the second one combined DMI and QELT. For the first model, a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rate of 0.69 ± 0.10 μmol·min-1·g-1was determined. For the second model, the estimated TCA cycle rate was 0.68 ± 0.12 μmol·min-1·g-1. In addition, the rate of glutamine synthesis from glutamate could be estimated with model 2 (0.51 ± 0.15 μmol·min-1·g-1). The sensitivity of both methods was evaluated and compared to alternative techniques.
PSGL-1 directs early TCR signaling to repress metabolism and promote T cell exhaustion by modulating the TCF-1/TOX axis in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Hope Jennifer L. , Otero Dennis C. , Bae Eun-Ah , Stairiker Christopher J. , Palete Ashley B. , Faso Hannah A. , Henriquez Monique L. , Seo Hyungseok , Lei Xue , Wang Eric S. , Tinoco Roberto , Campos Alexandre Rosa , Yin Jun , Adams Peter D. , Rao Anjana , Bradley Linda M. 
Published: January 2022

Summary/AbstractWe previously identified the adhesion molecule PSGL-1 as a T cell intrinsic immune checkpoint regulator of T cell exhaustion. Here we show that the ability of PSGL-1 to restrain TCR sginaling correlates with decreased expression of the Zap70 inhibitor Ubash3b (Sts-1) in PSGL-1-deficient T cells. PSGL-1-deficency in T cells supports antitumor responses to a PD-1 blockade resistant melanoma wherein tumor-specific CD8+ T cells sustain an enhanced metabolic state, with an elevated metabolic gene signature that promotes increased glycolysis and glucose uptake to support effector functions. In models of chronic virus infection and cancer, this outcome was associated with CD8+ T cell stemness, as PSGL-1 deficient CD8+ T cells displayed increased TCF-1 and decreased TOX expression, a phenotype shown to be crucial for responsiveness to checkpoint inhibition. Further, we demonstrate that PSGL-1 signaling promotes development of exhaustion in human CD8+ T cells. Finally, pharmacologic blockade of PSGL-1 was sufficient to curtail T cell exhaustion and enhance functionality both with melanoma tumors and chronic LCMV infection, demonstrating that PSGL-1 represents a therapeutic target for immunotherapy for PD-1/PD-L1 resistant tumors.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in clinical ruminant cases in Korea
Authors: Kim Jongho , Kim Jong Wan , Kim Ha-Young 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne human and veterinary pathogen. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical cases of Korean ruminants. We collected 24 L. monocytogenes isolates from clinical cases with caprine neurological symptoms and bovine abortion. The most prevalent serotypes were 4b (IVb), 1/2a (IIa; IIc), and 1/2b (IIb). All isolates, including two found in humans, formed three genetically diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis clusters according to serotype, lineage, and sequence type. The most prevalent sequence type was ST1, followed by ST365 and ST91. L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant listeriosis were resistant to oxacillin and ceftriaxone. These clinical ruminant isolates showed diverse lineage, serotype (serogroup), and sequence type characteristics. Considering that the atypical sequence types exhibited clinical manifestations and histopathological lesions, further study is needed to elucidate the pathogenicity of genetically diverse ruminant L. monocytogenes isolates. Furthermore, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance is required to prevent the emergence of L. monocytogenes strains resistant to common antimicrobials.