bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacy students’ perceptions of a transition to a virtual curriculum and their mental health implications
Authors: Muilenburg Katherine , Howell Crystal K , White Annesha 
Published: August 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess pharmacy students' satisfaction with a transition to a remote pharmacy curriculum in the pandemic setting.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Autumn 2020. Participating pharmacy schools distributed an anonymous survey link to their pharmacy students. The survey evaluated student perceptions of virtual learning, barriers to success, solutions, mental health, and the validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.
Results: A total of 488 students responded to the survey. The majority of participating students were female (78%), 25-30 years old (68%), and racially diverse. Feelings of isolation were reported by 62% of students. Three-quarters of students disagreed or strongly disagreed that their motivation to study increased during quarantine. During quarantine, the PSS-10 revealed a statistically significant decline in mental health.
Conclusion: This study identified barriers and solutions to student success in a virtual curriculum. The results also highlighted the need for support for pharmacy students' mental health resources and advocacy.
PERAN GURU PAI DAN ORANG TUA DALAM MEMBENTUK KEDISIPLINAN IBADAH PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII SMPN 21 SINJAI
Authors: Mardania Mardania , Suriyati Suriyati , Nurhasanah Nurhasanah 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru PAI dan orang tua dalam membentuk kedisiplinan ibadah peserta didik. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Populasi berjumlah 24 orang dan yang menjadi sampel penelitian berjumlah 24 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu melalui Observasi, wawancara dan dokumen. Teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil analisis Peran guru dalam membentuk kedisiplinan ibadah yaitu menyampaikan kepada peserta diidk bahwa shalat merupakan kewajiban yang tidak boleh ditinggalkan, memberikan pengetahuan bahwa shalat itu bentuk kepribadian mereka, menyiapkan saran dan prasarana dan mengarahkan kepada peserta didik melaksanakan shalat berjamaah di mushollah ketika sudah waktunya. Peran orang tua dalam membentuk kedisiplinan ibadah yaitu menjadikan shalat sebagai tiang agama, menjadi contoh bagi anak-anaknya, memberikan ilmu pengetahuan dan motivasi, mengontrol bacaan dan gerkan shalat diwaktu kosong, menghimbau untuk shalat berjamaah di Masjid. Faktor Pendukung dalam membentuk kedisiplinan ibadah yaitu motivasi, keinginan yang kuat dari anak itu sendiri, orang tua, lingkungan, guru di sekolah, guru mengaji, dan anak-anak seusianya. Adapun Faktor penghambat yaitu adanya
Got Milk?
Authors: Reddy Gitanjali , Illig Tracy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To test the absorbance of casein protein by comparing two infant feeding methods: formula and breastmilk, in a healthy six-month-old infant. Hypothesis: Casein protein will be better absorbed through the feeding of breastmilk in a healthy six-month-old infant. Methods: Conducted an in vitro experiment testing casein absorbance using pepsin to simulate an infant’s stomach environment and a colorimeter test to get absorbance measurements. Result: There is a statistically insignificant amount of evidence that casein protein is better absorbed through the feeding of breastmilk and therefore, breastmilk can be used interchangeably with infant formula in strict regards to casein supplementation.

Key Terms: Casein to whey ratio, colorimeter, pepsin, nutritional tailoring, absorbance, infant formula, breastmilk
EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MEDICAL TRAINING: THE CASE OF THE MADINGRING DISTRICT MEDICAL CENTER, NORTH CAMEROON
Authors: Mounsi Frederic , Mountchissi Celestin , Lyonga David Ikome , Tchatchoua Fils Thomas Roger , Pohowe Karen Maigou , Kemme Marileine Pricyle Eulalie Kemme 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The environment is increasingly threatened by human activities. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the different activities carried out at Madingring Medical Center on the various environmental components.
Methodology: To do this, the identification, characterization, and evaluation of the impacts were carried out during several field works using the Léopold and Fecteau matrices. The analysis of the waste management system was done using the Ishikawa 5M diagram.
Findings: During the study, the real and potential impacts were identified on the various environments. The incineration of medical waste is classified as hazardous and the poor management of toilets emits polluting and toxic substances into the air, as well as unpleasant odors that modify air quality. The presence of stagnant water from the activities of the medical center due to the lack of good drainage degrades soil quality. Added to this, there is a development of algae and moss on the site. Concerning waste management, it appears that the Center does not have an environmental permit and a waste management plan, the sorting carried out is approximate, hazardous waste is incinerated illegally and others are dumped in landfills, contributing to environmental pollution. For each impact identified, corrective measures have been proposed and may make it possible to mitigate or eliminate the negative effects and improve the positive aspects, by implementing the environmental specifications.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: At the end of this study, some recommendations were made. These include training of medical staff in best practices and techniques for medical waste management, monitoring of the implementation of regulations on hospital waste management in Cameroon, information and sensitization of users on the social and environmental impacts of environmental degradation, as well as the best practices and behaviors to adopt within health facilities, the use of bins for the collection and sorting of waste, the creation of a pre-collection unit of waste within the health centers of Cameroon in general and those of Madingring in particular.
Evaluation of Gender Equality Criteria Related to Social Sustainability in Ports
Authors: Sanrı Özlem 
Published: August 2022

Ports are developing sustainability frameworks in order to cope with latest requirements from the stakeholders. Economic, environmental and social dimensions of sustainability are the three pillars of the topic. Although economic and environmental aspects of sustainability in ports are widely researched in the literature, the social dimension of gender equality research is scarce. To fill the gap, it is important to identify the most important efforts for improving gender equality in ports. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gender equality criterias by port executives in terms of social sustainability. For this purpose, one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) was used to evaluate the priority weights of five criterias in Turkey. The results show that recruitment policy is the most important criteria in the field. Therefore, some suggestions are made to port industry to become more socially sustainable by minimizing the gender gap.
CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF BIOMATERIALS USED IN DIFFERENT ENDODONTIC PROCEDURES-CASE SERIES
Authors: BAŞ Aybike , ÇELİKEL Periş , ŞİMŞEK DERELİOĞLU Sera 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Endodontic treatment may be required for the permanent teeth due to different reasons in childhood. Biological materials such as MTA and Biodentine® have started to be used nowadays in different endodontic treatment. Studies have shown that these materials stimulated the formation of new vascularized tissue in the apical of mature teeth with necrotic pulp and with periapical lesions. In addition, MTA and Biodentine® are preferred in direct and indirect pulp capping due to their properties such as biocompatibility and impermeability.
Purpose:
The aim of this study is to examine the teeth clinically and radiologically after the use of Biodentine® and MTA as a barrier on the pulp capping, Cvek pulpotomy and regenerative endodontic treatment.
Case Series:
Case 1: A 12-year-old girl presented at our clinic with complaints of intermittent pain and cold sensitivity in her tooth #16. Direct pulp capping was performed with MTA.
Case 2: An 7-year-old boy with a trauma associated complicated crown fracture in his tooth #11 was admitted to our clinic. Cvek pulpotomy was performed with Biodentine®.
Case 3: An 8-year-old girl with trauma associated crown fracture in her tooth #11 was admitted to our clinic. Regenerative endodontic treatment was applied with Biodentine®.
Case 4: Indirect pulp capping was performed with MTA to a 7-year-old boy admitted to our clinic with the complaint of cold sensitivity in his tooth # 46.

Conclusion:
Today, the success rate is high in vital pulp treatments with newly developed materials such as MTA and Biodentine®. In addition, root development continues after regenerative endodontic treatments with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) or Biodentine® in non-vital and open-apex teeth.
POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF ORAL CANCER: LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN
Authors: ÖZER Nezaket Ezgi , TETİK Aslı , KARACA Betül , VERAL Ali , GÜNERİ Pelin 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To determine adiponectin and leptin expression levels in samples from healthy, dysplastic and cancerous oral lesions and to investigate the potential role of these biomarkers in oral cancer development.
Methods: Tissue samples from the archives which were histologically diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (n=24), oral dysplasia (n=12) and healthy tissue (n=16) were included. The concentration and purity of samples were determined after total RNA extraction. Thereafter, cDNA synthesis was performed. The differences between expression levels were evaluated with qPCR. Expression levels related to OSCC were performed according to normalizing gene ACTB. 2-ΔΔCT method was used for comparison of expression levels. Student t-test was used to compare the differences in gene expression levels between groups, using 2-ΔΔCT value for each gene.
Results: Adiponectin and leptin expression levels were decreased by 1.09 (p = 0.49) and 10.3 (p = 0.22), respectively, in OSCC group, however differences were not statistically significant. The level of adiponectin expression decreased by 1.65 times (p = 0.62) and leptin expression increased by 3 times (p = 0.30) in the dysplasia group. When OSCC and dysplasia groups were compared, it was found that the level of adiponectin expression increased by 1.52 times (p = 0.99) and the level of leptin expression decreased by 30.94 times (p = 0.16) in the OSCC group. The samples were re-grouped as increased risk (OSCC+dysplasia) (n=36) and healthy (n=16) and a decrease by 16.5 (p= 0.3) in leptin expression and an increase by 1.14 (p= 0.6) in adiponectin expression was observed in the increased risk group compared to the healthy group.
Conclusion: In tissue samples diagnosed as healthy, dysplastic and OSCC, expression levels for leptin and adiponectin have not been compared before. The results revealed a significant decrease in leptin expression and an increase in adiponectin expression in increased risk group.
Micro-CT Analysis of the Root Canal Configuration of Maxillary Second Molars with Fusion
Authors: KESKİN Cangül , ÖZDEMİR Özgür , KELEŞ Ali 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The present study investigated the root canal configuration of maxillary second molars with root fusion using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Materials & Methods: A total of 136 fused maxillary second molars were scanned with micro-computed tomography. Images were transferred to CTAn v.1.18.8 software (Bruker-microCT) to obtain three-dimensional models. The specimens were classified according to the fusion type. According to Vertucci, classification of the root canal configuration of fused roots was determined using CTVol v. 2.3.2.0 (Bruker-microCT) and DataViewer v.1.5.6 (Bruker-microCT) softwares. The specimens that could not be represented were also specified. The frequency of canal configuration according to the fusion type was calculated.
Results: For Type 1 fusion (n=40) and Type 2 fusion (n=22), the most common canal configuration for mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB) and palatal (P) canals was Type I. In type 3 fusion specimens (n = 21), DB and P canals were completely fused in 1 sample in accordance with Vertucci type IV, while in the remaining specimens, types II, I, V, VI and IV were observed in decreasing order in the MB canal. In type 4 fusion, MB and DB canals were completely fused in 4 of 21 specimens and showed Vertucci type VI, II, I and III configurations. In the remaining 17 samples, MB had Vertucci type I, II, IV, V, VI, VII configurations, while DB showed type I, V and III configurations. In 7 samples with type 5 fusion all canals displayed different configurations. In type 6 fusion, the canal configurations of 6 samples could not be classified. Type II, I, and V configurations were seen in 9 of the remaining 19 samples with a single canal.
Conclusion: Vertucci type I was the dominant canal configuration in the P and DB, however, MB showed much more diverse configurations either independently or when included in fusion.
Knowledge Skills and Attitudes of Dentistry and Dental Clinic Assistant Students Related to Online Pedodontics Lecture During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: ÖZER Hazal , FİDANCIOĞLU Yasemin Derya , ABAKLI İNCİ Merve 
Published: August 2022

Background: In Turkey, with the Covid-19 pandemic, an online education system has been introduced, as is the case all over the world. Since March 2020, dentistry(D) and dental clinic assistant(DCA) students have taken pedodontics lessons online. This research; Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Dentistry and dental clinic assistant students aim to evaluate the efficiency of the education given in the online pedodontics course, the student's satisfaction, and the online course system.
Methods: In the questionnaire, there are multiple-choice questions about methods of accessing the online education system and access knowledge and skills of students. In addition, various propositions about pedodontics classes were presented to students to be answered with the Likert scale consisting of 1-5, strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, and strongly agree options. This questionnaire was conducted over the internet, with anonymity for the identity of students. IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program was used for statistical evaluations.
Results: Survey participated by 88D and 59DCA students; 40.1% of students reported that they connected to lessons via their mobile phones and tablets. Statistically, a significant difference was not found between the two groups in terms of difficulty and effort levels in their connection to classes(p=0.622,p=0.348). In the contribution of pedodontics to students' knowledge levels, was found that the knowledge levels of students with easy access to the internet at the beginning and end of lessons were significantly different from those with difficult access(p=0.002). Lecturers' skill level and their competence do not differ significantly according to groups. A statement that watching webinars is more beneficial than online education has been the proposition with the lowest mean score.
Conclusions: Dentistry and dental clinic assistant students faced various difficulties adapting to the online education system. This internet and technology-based system caused inequalities in education levels of students, tried to be balanced lecturers. While the pandemic process continues unpredictably, lecturers have a great responsibility to make pedodontics lesson reach their goals fairly.
Effects of Different Beverages on Color Stability of Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials
Authors: ÖZYURT Esra , KURT Ayşegül 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the color stability of a conventional composite resin and bulk-fill composite resins.
Material Methods: A total of 120 samples of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness were prepared from three bulk-fill (Beautifil Bulk-Fill, Filtek One Bulk-Fill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill) and one conventional composite (Z250) and light cured. Initial color measurements were made with a spectrophotometer. Samples for each composite were randomly divided into 3 groups (black, kombucha and matcha tea) (n = 10). The samples were kept in the solutions for 12 days, and the color measurement was repeated. The values of ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE00 were calculated. SEM images were taken from a randomly selected sample from each group. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction was used to evaluate the color parameters.
Results: Beautifil composite showed the greatest change in all values of E00, ΔL, Δa, and Δb., Filtek One and Tetric N-Ceram had the highest ΔE00 values values after Beautifil, respectively, and there was no difference between Z250 and Tetric N-Ceram. The lowest ΔL value belonged to Z250 composite, there was no difference between Tetric N-Ceram and Filtek One. Tetric N-Ceram had the highest Δa value after Beautifil and, there was no difference between the Z250 and Filtek One. Filtek One had the highest Δb value after Beautifil, there was no difference between the Tetric N-Ceram and Z250.
Conclusion: Beverages can negatively affect the surface properties of bulk-fill composite resins in terms of color stability.
EVALUATION OF ORAL HEALTH LITERACY OF PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: YETER Gönül , ŞENGÜL Fatih 
Published: August 2022

Aim
Oral health literacy is the capacity of individuals to receive and understand the health information and services necessary to make appropriate oral health decisions. Low oral health literacy is associated with insufficient oral health knowledge and behaviors. The aim of our study was to assess the level of oral health literacy of pregnant women and their ability to recognize words on the REALD-30 scale, as well as their knowledge of the meaning of words.
Methods
300 pregnant women between the ages of 18-45 who were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic of Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine participated in our study. The TREALD-30 scale, consisting of 30 words, determines the ability to read dental words. Participants received 1 point for each correctly read word in TREALD 30. A total of 0-30 points were scored. In addition, the word scores that participants knew the meaning of were evaluated under the heading TREALD-30-M. Analysis of the collected data was carried out in SPSS v26 program.
Results
The average age of the participants was 31.2 years and the average educational status was 13 years. It was found that 31% of participants had their first pregnancy. 66.7% of respondents were housewives and 9.7% were health workers. The number of words that can only be read was determined as 29, the number of those that can be read by knowing their meaning was 17, and the number of those that cannot be read was determined as 3 words. As the level of education increased, oral health literacy increased (p
Анализ археозоологического материала средневекового торткуля Талапты (по итогам раскопок 2021 г.)
Authors: Акымбек Ералы Шардарбекулы , Шагирбаев Мамбет Сапарбекович 
Published: August 2022

В статье впервые в научный оборот вводятся результаты археозоологического анализа материалов средневекового торткуля Талапты (Х–ХІ вв.), полученных в полевом сезоне 2021 г. Целью исследований является определение и сравнительный анализ видового состава животных в хозяйстве средневекового населения Таласской долины. В ходе изучения остеологического материала была поставлена задача определить видовой состав палеофауны, элементы скелета и возрастные особенности. В результате было исследовано 816 костей животных, в общей сложности, из которых 550 костей определены до вида. Среди остеологических материалов доминируют домашние животные, также встречаются кости диких животных и птиц. Доля домашних животных составляет – 95%, диких – 5%. Доля мелкого рогатого скота среди выявленного объема костей домашних животных – 52,4%. На втором месте – кости крупного рогатого скота (31,1%), на третьем – лошадей (9,2%). Среди домашних животных кости верблюда встречались крайне редко – 1,1%. На большинстве костей фиксируются следы ударов (на поверхности костей крупного рогатого скота и лошадей). Структура костного материала, индексы раздробленности показывают, что это – типичные «кухонные остатки». Анализ остеологической коллекции торткуля Талапты – позволяет получить важную информацию о средневековой фауне региона и особенностях ведения хозяйства древним населением.
Evaluation of antiulcer, antioxidant potency of manuka honey and cinnamon powder mixture in Wistar rats using experimental rat models
Authors: Das Saumya , Singh Veena D. , Bind Amit , Anamika Anamika , Gupta Satya Prakash , Kumar Roshan 
Published: August 2022

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach is one of the most prevalent health problems that people face. In this study, the effects of herbal medication on the digestive system were examined in relation to the use of the cold-water immersion technique. Material & Methods: Male albino 6-week-old albino rats weighing 200-250 g each were used in the investigation. For three months, the animals were housed in the animal facility of the NIET Pharmacy Institute at 20°C (3°C) and 50-60% relative humidity. Researchers discovered non-lethal cold-water immersion in a small sample of six rats that caused stomach ulcers. After an 18-hour fasting, rats were immersed in ice-cold water. Researchers were able to examine the mucosa by isolating the stomach of rats. Result: In a model of cold-water immersion, honey has a unique effect on ulcer severity. esomeprazole is a medication used to treat acid reflux. According to phytochemical screening, the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, and the anti-oxidant capacity of the crude drug mixture enhances antioxidant status and promotes mucus production. These elements may be responsible for the protective effect on stomach ulcer treatment. Conclusion: The content of flavonoids and triterpenes of honey and cinnamon powder mixture should be analyzed.
Sonographic measurement of the renal size in a normal adult population in Erbil, Kurdistan Region- Iraq
Authors: Saleem Barzhang Qasm , Hanary Salah Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Background: Renal parameters have an important role in the anatomical, pathological and clinical fields and many factors can have a role in determining the renal parameters hence, making normal renal parameter references are essential. Objectives: To find out the renal size and volume of a sample of Kurdish people and to assess their association with age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) to make a reference for measurement of renal size in Kurdish population. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 subjects who were selected through a purposive sampling method in Erbil city from April 2021 to April 2022. Almost all of the candidates were received in a private clinic. The sample was composed of 161(46%) males and 189(54%) females between the ages of 18-72years normal adults. Sonographic Renal parameters were estimated and BMI index was calculated. Significant differences were found among renal size and volume and sex, age, and BMI. Results: Significant factors associated with renal size and volumes were age, sex, and BMI. Apart from no significant differences in the means of the renal lengths between males and females, other renal parameters are larger in the left kidney and among males.