bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for improving the spatial resolution of magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Shang Yaxin , Liu Jie , Zhang Liwen , Wu Xiangjun , Zhang Peng , Yin Lin , Hui Hui , Tian Jie 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new medical, non-destructive, imaging method for visualizing the spatial distribution of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In MPI, spatial resolution is an important indicator of efficiency; traditional techniques for improving the spatial resolution may result in higher costs, lower sensitivity, or reduced contrast. Approach. Therefore, we propose a deep-learning approach to improve the spatial resolution of MPI by fusing a dual-sampling convolutional neural network (FDS-MPI). An end-to-end model is established to generate high-spatial-resolution images from low-spatial-resolution images, avoiding the aforementioned shortcomings. Main results. We evaluate the performance of the proposed FDS-MPI model through simulation and phantom experiments. The results demonstrate that the FDS-MPI model can improve the spatial resolution by a factor of two. Significance. This significant improvement in MPI could facilitate the preclinical application of medical imaging modalities in the future.
Black holes with Lagrange multiplier and potential
in mimetic-like gravitational theory: multi-horizon black holes
Authors: Nashed G.G.L. , Nojiri Shin'ichi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the mimetic-like field equations
coupled with the Lagrange multiplier and the potential to derive
non-trivial spherically symmetric black hole (BH) solutions. We
divided this study into three cases: in the first one, we choose the
Lagrange multiplier and the potential to vanish and derive a BH
solution that coincides with the BH of the Einstein general
relativity despite the non-vanishing value of the mimetic-like
scalar field. The first case is consistent with the previous
studies in the literature where the mimetic theory coincides with GR [1]. In the second case, we derive a
solution with a constant value of the potential and a dynamical
value of the Lagrange multiplier. This solution has no horizon, and
therefore, the obtained space-time does not correspond to the BH.
In this solution, there appears a region of the Euclidian signature
where the signature of the diagonal components of the metric is
(+,+,+,+) or the region with two times where the signature is
(+,+,-,-). Finally, we derive a BH solution with non-vanishing
values of the Lagrange multiplier, potential, and mimetic-like
scalar field. This BH shows a soft singularity compared with the
Einstein BH solution. The relevant physics of the third case is
discussed by showing their behavior of the metric potential at
infinity, calculating their energy conditions, and studying their
thermodynamical quantities. We give a brief discussion on how our
third case can generate a BH with three horizons as in the de
Sitter-Reissner-Nordström black hole space-time, where the largest
horizon is the cosmological one and two correspond to the outer and
inner horizons of the BH. Even in the third case, the region of the
Euclidian signature or the region with two times appears. We give a
condition that such unphysical region(s) is hidden inside the black
hole horizon and the existence of the region(s) becomes less
unphysical. We also study the thermodynamics of the multi-horizon
BH and consider the extremal case, where the radii of two horizons
coincide with each other. We observe that the Hawking temperature
and the heat capacity vanish in the extremal limit. Finally, we
would like to stress the fact that in spite that the field equations
we use have no cosmological constant, our BH solutions of the second
and third case behave asymptotically as AdS/dS.
Simulation of primordial black holes with large negative non-Gaussianity
Authors: Escrivà Albert , Tada Yuichiro , Yokoyama Shuichiro , Yoo Chul-Moon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, we have performed numerical simulations of primordial black hole (PBH) formation in the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker universe filled by radiation fluid, introducing the local-type non-Gaussianity to the primordial curvature fluctuation. We have compared the numerical results from simulations with previous analytical estimations on the threshold value for PBH formation done in the previous paper [1], particularly for negative values of the non-linearity parameterfNL. Our numerical results show the existence of PBH formation of (the so-called) type I also in the casefNL≲ -0.336, which was not found in the previous analytical expectations using the critical averaged compaction function. In particular, although the universal value for the averaged critical compaction function 𝒞̅𝒸= 2/5 found previously in the literature is not satisfied for all the profiles considered in this work, an alternative direct analytical estimate has been found to be roughly accurate to estimate the thresholds, which gives the value of the critical averaged density with a few % deviation from the numerical one forfNL≳ -1.
The third order scalar induced gravitational waves
Authors: Zhou Jing-Zhi , Zhang Xukun , Zhu Qing-Hua , Chang Zhe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Since the gravitational waves were detected by LIGO and Virgo, it has been promising that lots of information about the primordial Universe could be learned by further observations on stochastic gravitational waves background. The studies on gravitational waves induced by primordial curvature perturbations are of great interest.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the third order induced gravitational waves.
Based on the theory of cosmological perturbations, the first order scalar induces the second order scalar, vector and tensor perturbations. At the next iteration, the first order scalar, the second order scalar, vector and tensor perturbations all induce the third order tensor perturbations. We present the two point function 〈h
λ,(3)
h
λ',(3)〉 and corresponding energy density spectrum of the third order gravitational waves for a monochromatic primordial power spectrum.
The shape of the energy density spectrum of the third order gravitational waves is different from that of the second order scalar induced gravitational waves. And it is found that the third order gravitational waves sourced by the second order scalar perturbations dominate the two point function 〈h
λ,(3)
h
λ',(3)〉 and corresponding energy density spectrum of third order scalar induced gravitational waves.
Targeting DNA damage response in cardiovascular diseases: from pathophysiology to therapeutic implications
Authors: Wu Lin , Sowers James R , Zhang Yingmei , Ren Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) arise from a complex interplay among genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic abnormalities. Emerging evidence has recently consolidated the presence of robust DNA damage in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. DNA damage triggers a series of cellular responses termed DNA damage response (DDR) including detection of DNA lesions, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, and apoptosis, in all organ systems including hearts and vasculature. Although transient DDR in response to temporary DNA damage can be beneficial for cardiovascular function, persistent activation of DDR promotes the onset and development of CVDs. Moreover, therapeutic interventions that target DNA damage and DDR have the potential to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction and improve disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in the onset and development of CVDs, and explore how DDR in specific cardiac cell types contributes to CVDs. Moreover, we will highlight the latest advances regarding the potential therapeutic strategies targeting DNA damage signalling in CVDs.
An Epidemiologic Examination of the Strategy of Malaria Eradication
Authors: Scholtens Robert G. , Kaiser Robert L. , Langmuir Alexander D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scholtens, R. G. (Technical Services Branch, Malaria Program, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.), Kaiser, Ft. L, and Langmuir, A. D. An epidemiologic examination of the strategy of malaria eradication. Int. J. Epid. 1972, 1: 15–24.
The concept of malaria eradication developed over the first half of the twentieth century, gradually changing from multiple means of control to the single method of indoor insecticide spraying. Because of the dramatic effects of DDT and the fear of insecticide resistance malaria eradication programs—consisting of preparatory measures, an attack phase during which houses are sprayed and active case detection begins, a consolidation phase when spraying is discontinued and the few remaining cases of malaria are eliminated by case detection and treatment, and finally a maintenance phase when malaria surveillance responsibilities are transferred to the normal health services of the country—were planned to achieve their goals in five to ten years. But by 1970 it was evident that the total eradication of malaria through use of residual insecticides was not feasible, and the 23rd World Health Assembly adopted a revised strategy recognizing the need for malaria control and the use of diverse antimalarial methods.
While there has been much success in the fight against malaria, with more than one-third of the population formerly at risk now living in malaria-free areas, there has been little progress and some regression in recent years. The case of India illustrates the predicament, including the relative importance of technical problems, operational difficulties, and the demand on resources by a multiplicity of health and social problems. The realization that the problem of malaria will continue, that it is only one of many pressing health needs, and that suitable locally-devised measures for its control are necessary is inescapable.
Quantum Correlations on Quantum Spaces
Authors: Bochniak Arkadiusz , Kasprzak Paweł , Sołtan Piotr M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
For given quantum (non-commutative) spaces ${\mathbb {P}}$ and ${\mathbb {O}}$, we study the quantum space of maps ${\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$ from ${\mathbb {P}}$ to ${\mathbb {O}}$. In case of finite quantum spaces, these objects turn out to be behind a large class of maps which generalize the classical $\textrm {qc}$-correlations known from quantum information theory to the setting of quantum input and output sets. We prove various operator algebraic properties of the ${\textrm C}^\ast$-algebras ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ such as the lifting property and residual finite dimensionality. Inside ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ we construct a universal operator system ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$ related to ${\mathbb {P}}$ and ${\mathbb {O}}$, and show, among other things, that the embedding ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}\subset {\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ is hyperrigid and has another interesting property, which we call the strong extension property. Furthermore, ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ is the ${\textrm C}^\ast$-envelope of ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$ and a large class of non-signalling correlations on the quantum sets ${\mathbb {P}}$ and ${\mathbb {O}}$ arise from states on ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})\otimes _{\text {\tiny {\textrm {max}}}}{\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$ as well as states on the commuting tensor product ${\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}\otimes _{\text {\tiny {\textrm {c}}}}{\mathbb {S}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}}$. Finally, we introduce and study the notion of a synchronous correlation with quantum input and output sets and prove several characterizations of such correlations and their relation to traces on ${\operatorname {C}}({\mathbb {M}}_{{\mathbb {P}},{\mathbb {O}}})$.
Development and Validation of a Rapid Method for Identification of New Synthetic Cannabinoids in Hair Based on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Using a Simplified User Interface
Authors: Musile Giacomo , Palacio Covadonga , Murari Matilde , Appolonova Svetlana , Tagliaro Franco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe penetration of the new psychoactive substances (NPSs) into the market of clandestine drugs is highly dynamic, causing potentially false-negative results using the current analytical instrumentation, particularly in the screening phase. At present, the suggested approach to perform a comprehensive screening requires the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with associated high costs of purchase and maintenance and need of skilled and dedicated personnel. Here we describe the development and validation of a simplified approach based on a high-performance liquid chromatography–ion trap MS system with a user-friendly interface dedicated to toxicological analysis. The system, originally intended for a broad toxicological screening, was tuned to identify new synthetic cannabinoids in hair. After a washing step with dichloromethane, hair (about 50 mg) was incubated for 3 h with 1.5 mL ethanol. One milliliter of this solution was then dried, reconstituted with mobile phase and injected. The peak identification was based on the chromatographic retention times and MS2/MS3 data using a database which included up to 158 NPSs. The method was validated according to international guidelines on a selected panel of NPSs, namely methyl 2-[[1-(5-fluoropentyl)indazole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-ADB), 1-Pentyfluoro-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester (5F-PB 22), N-[(2S)-1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(5-chloropentyl)indazole-3-carboxamide (5Cl-AB-PINACA), (S)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamide [5F-APP-PICA (PX-1)],: (R)-N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide [5F-APP-PINACA (PX-2)], N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA), N-[(2S)-1-Amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl] indazole-3-carboxamid (AB-FUBINACA), methyl (2S)-2-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-CHMICA), (S)-Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (MMB-2201) and (1-pentylindol-3-yl)-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (UR-144). The tested analytical method showed detection limits between 0.065 and 0.125 ng/mg. The intraday imprecision of the method showed average values within the range of 7.3–20%. The estimation of the trueness (bias) of method showed average values within the range of 1.5–12.3%. The analytical performance was also successfully assessed by four proficiency test samples containing NPS. No synthetic cannabinoids were detected in application to 82 hair samples from forensic cases previously analyzed with liquid chromatography–MS triple quadrupole.
Bridging urban morphology and urban ecology: a framework to identify morpho-ecological periods and patterns in the urban ecosystem
Authors: Palazzo Elisa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a perspective of exceptional environmental change, the role of unbuilt and green spaces to improve urban resilience has increasingly attracted the interest of the scientific community. The conceptualisation of cities as urban landscapes has drawn a parallel between their spatial and ecological dimensions. Both urban morphology and urban ecology have examined the structure of cities form. However, we still do not completely understand how anthropogenic processes and ecosystems have been dynamically interacting in the formation of the urban structure. Thus, this article carries out a comprehensive analysis of built and unbuilt spaces in a case study with the objective to reveal the underlying morpho-ecological periods and patterns in the urban ecosystem. Morphological periods (temporal analysis) and ecological patterns (spatial analysis) are examined in combination through the hypothesis of nested scales at different resolutions operated at the macro, meso and micro levels of the urban landscape. By identifying common denominators across urban morphology and landscape ecology, the study is also a contribution to interdisciplinary research. The proposed framework set up the foundation for a more systematic quantitative assessment of the urban ecosystem across different disciplinary traditions while supporting a new urban landscape design culture based on the evidence of ecological constructs. An accurate explanation of how built forms symbiotically interacted with the ecological dimensions of the landscape over time is also crucial to predict the effects of environmental change and promote future sustainable planning agendas.
Modelling the spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo – I. The photospheric epochs
Authors: Gillanders J H , Smartt S J , Sim S A , Bauswein A , Goriely S 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The kilonova (KN) associated with the binary neutron star (BNS) merger GW170817 is the only known electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source. Here we produce a sequence of radiative transfer models (using tardis) with updated atomic data, and compare them to accurately calibrated spectra. We use element compositions from nuclear network calculations based on a realistic hydrodynamical simulation of a BNS merger. We show that the blue spectrum at +1.4 d after merger requires a nucleosynthetic trajectory with a high electron fraction. Our best-fitting model is composed entirely of first r-process peak elements (Sr and Zr) and the strong absorption feature is reproduced well by Sr ii absorption. At this epoch, we set an upper limit on the lanthanide mass fraction of $X_{{\small LN}} \lesssim 5 \times 10^{-3}$. In contrast, all subsequent spectra from +2.4 to 6.4 d require the presence of a modest amount of lanthanide material ($X_{{\small LN}} \simeq 0.05^{+0.05}_{-0.02}$), produced by a trajectory with Ye = 0.29. This produces lanthanide-induced line blanketing below 6000 Å, and sufficient light r-process elements to explain the persistent strong feature at ∼0.7–1.0 $\mu$m (Sr ii). The composition gives good matches to the observed data, indicating that the strong blue flux deficit results in the near-infrared (NIR) excess. The disjoint in composition between the first epoch and all others indicates either ejecta stratification, or the presence of two distinct components of material. This further supports the ‘two-component’ KN model, and constrains the element composition from nucleosynthetic trajectories. The major uncertainties lie in availability of atomic data and the ionization state of the expanding material.
Orbital stability analysis of hypothetical Earth-mass and Luna-mass moons in the Sagarmatha (HD 100777) star system
Authors: Gautam Aayush , Bashyal Angel , Bhattarai Shree Krishna , Satyal Suman 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Six of the solar system planets have 150 confirmed moons (Earth—1, Mars—2, Jupiter—53, Saturn—53, Uranus—27, Neptune—14) and seven of them (Ganymede, Titan, Callisto, Io, the Moon, Europa, Triton) have masses &gt;0.001 $M_\oplus$. However, no exomoons have yet been discovered despite the successful detection of ∼5000 exoplanets. We can infer, based on the solar system planets, that these exoplanets are capable of hosting one or more exomoons. In this paper, we study the possible existence of hypothetical Earth-mass and Luna-mass moons orbiting the Jupiter-mass planet, Laligurans (HD 100777b) in the Sagarmatha (HD 100777) star system by means of orbital stability. We apply long-term orbital integrations and the MEGNO (mean exponential growth of nearby orbits) chaos indicator to study the orbital stability of the moons and predict a phase-space region comprising periodic, chaotic, and unstable orbits. The phase spaces primarily constitute the moon's semimajor axis, which extends from the host planet's Roche radius to the Hill radius, and full range of eccentricity. Specific points are picked from three different regions of the MEGNO map and run as single-orbit integration for up to 10 billion periods of the innermost orbit. Furthermore, the lifetime and maximum eccentricity maps are generated from the direct integration to inspect the stable and unstable orbital configurations. The analyses of these maps, with the aid of time-series plots, show that both moons maintain stable orbits in the low-eccentricity regime and semimajor axis between the Roche limit and 28.4% of the Hill radius of the planet.
Role of Physical Therapists in the Management of Individuals at Risk for or Diagnosed With Venous Thromboembolism: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline 2022
Authors: Hillegass Ellen , Lukaszewicz Kathleen , Puthoff Michael 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNo matter the practice setting, physical therapists work with patients who are at risk for or who have a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In 2016, the first clinical practice guideline (CPG) addressing the physical therapist management of VTE was published with support by the American Physical Therapy Association’s Academy of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy and Academy of Acute Care, with a primary focus on lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This CPG is an update of the 2016 CPG and contains the most current evidence available for the management of patients with lower extremity DVT and new key action statements (KAS), including guidance on upper extremity DVT, pulmonary embolism, and special populations. This document will guide physical therapist practice in the prevention of and screening for VTE and in the management of patients who are at risk for or who have been diagnosed with VTE. Through a systematic review of published studies and a structured appraisal process, KAS were written to guide the physical therapist. The evidence supporting each action was rated, and the strength of statement was determined. Clinical practice algorithms based on the KAS were developed that can assist with clinical decision-making. Physical therapists, along with other members of the health care team, should implement these KAS to decrease the incidence of VTE, improve the diagnosis and acute management of VTE, and reduce the long-term complications of VTE.