bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two-parameter “Bergman space” inequality
Authors: Wilson J. 
Published: July 2002

For

f
∈

L

1

(
[
0
,
1
]
×
[
0
,
1
]
)

f\in L^{1}([0,1]\times [0,1])

, define

λ

R

≡
⟨
f
,

h

(
R
)

⟩

\lambda _{R} \equiv \langle f,h_{(R)}\rangle

, where

h

(
R
)

(
x
,
y
)
=

h

(
I
)

(
x
)
⋅

h

(
J
)

(
y
)

h_{(R)}(x,y)=h_{(I)}(x)\cdot h_{(J)}(y)

is a tensor product of one-parameter Haar functions. Let

1
>
p
≤
q
>
∞

1>p\leq q>\infty

and

q
≥
2

q\geq 2

. We prove a sufficient condition, which is close to necessary, on double sequences of weights

{

μ

R

}

R

\{\mu _{R}\}_{R}

and non-negative

v
∈

L

1

(
[
0
,
1
]
×
[
0
,
1
]
)

v\in L^{1}([0,1]\times [0,1])

, which ensures that the inequality

(

∑

R

|

λ

R

|

q

μ

R

)

1

/

q

≤

(

∫

[
0
,
1
]
×
[
0
,
1
]

|

f

|

p

v

d
x
)

1

/

p

\begin{equation*} \left (\sum _{R}\vert {\lambda _{R}}\vert ^{q}\mu _{R}\right )^{1/q}\leq \left (\int _{[0,1]\times [0,1]}\vert {f}\vert ^{p}\, v\, dx\right )^{1/p}\end{equation*}

holds for all

f
∈

L

1

(
[
0
,
1
]
×
[
0
,
1
]
)

f\in L^{1}([0,1]\times [0,1])

. We extend our result to an inequality concerning two-parameter wavelet families.
Cardinal invariants concerning bounded families of extendable and almost continuous functions
Authors: Ciesielski Krzysztof , Maliszewski Aleksander 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we introduce and examine a cardinal invariant

A

b

\operatorname {A}_{{b}}

closely connected to the addition of bounded functions from

R

\mathbb {R}

to

R

\mathbb {R}

. It is analogous to the invariant

A
\operatorname {A}

defined earlier for arbitrary functions by T. Natkaniec. In particular, it is proved that each bounded function can be written as the sum of two bounded almost continuous functions, and an example is given that there is a bounded function which cannot be expressed as the sum of two bounded extendable functions.
Minkowski’s inequality for two variable difference means
Authors: Losonczi László , Páles Zsolt 
Published: July 2002

We study Minkowski’s inequality
\[

D

a

b

(

x
1

+

x
2

,

y
1

+

y
2

)
≤

D

a

b

(

x
1

,

y
1

)
+

D

a

b

(

x
2

,

y
2

)

(

x
1

,

x
2

,

y
1

,

y
2

∈

R

+

)

D_{a\,b}(x_1+x_2, y_1+y_2)\le D_{a\,b}(x_1, y_1)+D_{a\,b}(x_2,y_2) \quad (x_1,x_2, y_1,y_2\in \mathbb R_+)

\]
and its reverse where

D

a

b

D_{a\,b}

is the difference mean introduced by Stolarsky. We give necessary and sufficient conditions (concerning the parameters

a
,
b

a,b

) for the inequality above (and for its reverse) to hold.
A representation theorem for Schauder bases in Hilbert space
Authors: Jaffard Stephane , Young Robert 
Published: July 2002

A sequence of vectors

{

f
1

,

f
2

,

f
3

,
…
}

\{f_1,f_2,f_3,\dotsc \}

in a separable Hilbert space

H
H

is said to be a Schauder basis for

H
H

if every element

f
∈
H

f\in H

has a unique norm-convergent expansion
\[

f
=
∑

c
n

f
n

.

f=\sum c_nf_n.

\]
If, in addition, there exist positive constants

A
A

and

B
B

such that
\[

A
∑

|

c
n

|

2

≤

‖
∑

c
n

f
n

‖

2

≤
B
∑

|

c
n

|

2

,

A\sum |c_n|^2\le \left \|\sum c_nf_n\right \|^2\le B\sum |c_n|^2,

\]
then we call

{

f
1

,

f
2

,

f
3

,
…
}

\{f_1,f_2,f_3,\dotsc \}

a Riesz basis. In the first half of this paper, we show that every Schauder basis for

H
H

can be obtained from an orthonormal basis by means of a (possibly unbounded) one-to-one positive self adjoint operator. In the second half, we use this result to extend and clarify a remarkable theorem due to Duffin and Eachus characterizing the class of Riesz bases in Hilbert space.
Remarks on the results by Koskela concerning the radial uniqueness for Sobolev functions
Authors: Mizuta Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2002

In this note we aim to complete the results by Koskela concerning the radial uniqueness for Sobolev functions. Let

φ
\varphi

be a positive nonincreasing function on the interval

(
0
,
∞
)

(0,\infty )

, and let

B

\mathbf {B}

denote the unit ball of

R
n

R^n

. Consider a

p
p

-precise function

u
u

on

B

\mathbf {B}

such that
\[

∫

U
(
ε
)

|

∇
u
(
x
)

|

p

d
x
≦

ε
p

φ
(
ε
)

for any

ε
>
0

,

\int _{U(\varepsilon )} |\nabla u(x)|^p dx \leqq \varepsilon ^p \varphi (\varepsilon ) \hspace {2em} \text {for any $\varepsilon > 0$,}

\]
where

U
(
ε
)
=
{
x
∈

B

:

|

u
(
x
)

|

>
ε
}

U(\varepsilon ) = \{x \in \mathbf {B} : |u(x)|> \varepsilon \}

. We give conditions on

φ
\varphi

which assure that

u
=
0

u = 0

whenever

u
u

has vanishing fine boundary limits on a set of positive

p
p

-capacity. We are also concerned with the sharpness.
Pseudo-uniform convergence, a nonstandard treatment
Authors: Vakil Nader 
Published: July 2002

We introduce and study the notion of pseudo-uniform convergence which is a weaker variant of quasi-uniform convergence. Applications include the following nonstandard characterization of weak convergence. Let

X
X

be an infinite set,

B
(
X
)

B(X)

the Banach space of all bounded real-valued functions on

X
,

X,

{

f

n

:
n
∈
N
}

\{f_{n}: n\in N\}

a bounded sequence in

B
(
X
)
,

B(X),

and

f
∈
B
(
X
)
.

f\in B(X).

Then the sequence converges weakly to

f
f

if and only if the convergence is pointwise on

X
X

and, for each strictly increasing function

σ
:
N
→
N

\sigma :N\to N

, each

x

∈

∗

X

x\in ^{*}X

, and each

n

∈

∗

N

∞

n\in ^{*}N_{\infty }

, there is an unlimited

m
≤
n

m\leq n

such that

∗

f

∗

σ
(
m
)

(
x
)

≃

∗

f
(
x
)

^{*}f_{ ^{*}\sigma (m)}(x) \simeq ^{*}f(x)

.
Duality and local group cohomology
Authors: Hewitt P. 
Published: July 2002

Let

G
G

be a group, let

k
k

be a field, and let

L

{\mathcal {L}}

be a local system — an upwardly directed collection of subgroups whose union is

G
G

. In this paper we give a short, elementary proof of the following result: If either

A
A

is a

k
k

-

k
G

kG

-bimodule, or else

k
k

is finite dimensional over its center, then

Ext

G

∗

⁡
(
A
,

B

∨

)
=

lim
←

L
∈

L

⁡

Ext

L

∗

⁡
(
A
,

B

∨

)

\operatorname {Ext}^{*}_{G}(A,B^{\vee }) =\varprojlim _{L\in \mathcal {L}} \operatorname {Ext}^{*}_{L}(A,B^{\vee })

. From this we deduce as easy corollaries some recent results of Meierfrankenfeld and Wehrfritz on the cohomology of a finitary module.
Local multiple sequence alignment using dead-end elimination
Authors: V.Lukashin Alexander , J.Rosa Joseph 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Local multiple sequence alignment is a basic tool for extracting functionally important regions shared by a family of protein sequences. We present an effectively polynomial-time algorithm for rigorously solving the local multiple alignment problem.
Results: The algorithm is based on the dead-end elimination procedure that makes it possible to avoid an exhaustive search. In the framework of the sum-of-pairs scoring system, certain rejection criteria are derived in order to eliminate those sequence segments and segment pairs that can be mathematically shown to be inconsistent (dead-ending) with the globally optimal alignment. Iterative application of the elimination criteria results in a rapid reduction of combinatorial possibilities without considering them explicitly. In the vast majority of cases, the procedure converges to a unique globally optimal solution. In contrast to the exhaustive search, whose computational complexity is combinatorial, the algorithm is computationally feasible because the number of operations required to eliminate the dead-ending segments and segment pairs grows quadratically and cubically, respectively, with the total number of sequence elements. The method is illustrated on a set of protein families for which the globally optimal alignments are well recognized.
Availability: The source code of the program implementing the algorithm is available upon request from the authors.
Contact: alex˙lukashin@biogen.com
MPSA: integrated system for multiple protein sequence analysis
with client/server capabilities
Authors: Blanchet Christophe , Combet Christophe , Geourjon Christophe , Deléage Gilbert 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: MPSA is a stand-alone software intended to protein sequence analysis with a high integration level and Web clients/server capabilities. It provides many methods and tools, which are integrated into an interactive graphical user interface. It is available for most Unix/Linux and non-Unix systems. MPSA is able to connect to a Web server (e.g. http://pbil.ibcp.fr/NPSA) in order to perform large-scale sequence comparison on up-to-date databanks.
Availability: Free to academic http://www.ibcp.fr/mpsa/
Contact: c.blanchet@ibcp.fr
Cigarette Smoking and Adolescents: Messages They See and Hear
Authors: Crawford Myra A. ,   The Tobacco Control Network Writing Group
Published: July 2002

Cigarette smoking is the primary preventable cause of mortality and morbidity in the US. But in the mid-1990s, more than one-third of US teenagers were smokers, despite their awareness of the health risks and negative consequences of tobacco use. In 1996, as part of a three-year qualitative study to explore differences in adolescent smoking by gender and ethnicity, members of the Tobacco Control Network examined messages that teens receive about cigarette smoking. Consisting of 178 focus groups with 1175 teenagers covering all levels of smoking experience, the study included teens from five ethnic groups, stratified by gender and ethnicity, from urban and rural areas across the US. The authors reviewed the sources and content of messages that teens reported were most influential in their decisions to smoke or not smoke cigarettes. Family and peers, school, television, and movies were the primary sources for both pro- and antismoking messages. The authors conclude that a lack of clear, consistent antismoking messages leaves teens vulnerable to the influences of pro-smoking messages from a variety of sources. Interventions need to be culture- and gender-specific. Family-based interventions appear to be needed and efficacious, but resource intensive. Building self-esteem may prove to be a promising intervention.
The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Yoon PW , Rasmussen SA , Lynberg MC , Moore CA , Anderka M , Carmichael SL , Costa P , Druschel C , Hobbs CA , Romitti PA , Langlois PH , Edmonds LD 
Published: July 2002

The National Birth Defects Prevention Study was designed to identify infants with major birth defects and evaluate genetic and environmental factors associated with the occurrence of birth defects. The ongoing case-control study covers an annual birth population of 482,000 and includes cases identified from birth defect surveillance registries in eight states. Infants used as controls are randomly selected from birth certificates or birth hospital records. Mothers of case and control infants are interviewed and parents are asked to collect buccal cells from themselves and their infants for DNA testing. Information gathered from the interviews and the DNA specimens will be used to study independent genetic and environmental factors and gene-environment interactions for a broad range of birth defects. As of December 2000, 7470 cases and 3821 controls had been ascertained in the eight states. Interviews had been completed with 70% of the eligible case and control mothers, buccal cell collection had begun in all of the study sites, and researchers were developing analysis plans for the compiled data. This study is the largest and broadest collaborative effort ever conducted among the nation's leading birth defect researchers. The unprecedented statistical power that will result from this study will enable scientists to study the epidemiology of some rare birth defects for the first time. The compiled interview data and banked DNA of approximately 35 categories of birth defects will facilitate future research as new hypotheses and improved technologies emerge.
Project Joy: Faith Based Cardiovascular Health Promotion for African American Women
Authors: Yanek Lisa R. , Becker Diane M. , Moy Taryn F. , Gittelsohn Joel , Koffman Dyann Matson 
Published: July 2002

Objective. The authors tested the impact on cardiovascular risk profiles of African American women ages 40 years and older after one year of participation in one of three church-based nutrition and physical activity strategies: a standard behavioral group intervention, the standard intervention supplemented with spiritual strategies, or self-help strategies. Methods. Women were screened at baseline and after one year of participation. The authors analyzed intention-to-treat within group and between groups using a generalized estimating equations adjustment for intra-church clustering. Because spiritual strategies were added to the standard intervention by participants themselves, the results from both active groups were similar and, thus, combined for comparisons with the self-help group. Results. A total of 529 women from 16 churches enrolled. Intervention participants exhibited significant improvements in body weight (−1.1 lbs), waist circumference (−0.66 inches), systolic blood pressure (−1.6 mmHg), dietary energy (−117 kcal), dietary total fat (−8 g), and sodium intake (−145 mg). The self-help group did not. In the active intervention group, women in the top decile for weight loss at one year had even larger, clinically meaningful changes in risk outcomes (−19.8 lbs). Conclusions. Intervention participants achieved clinically important improvements in cardiovascular disease risk profiles one year after program initiation, which did not occur in the self-help group. Church-based interventions can significantly benefit the cardiovascular health of African American women.
Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations colocalize with segmental electron transport system abnormalities, muscle fiber atrophy, fiber splitting, and oxidative damage in sarcopenia
Authors: WANAGAT JONATHAN , CAO ZHENGJIN , PATHARE PRANALI , AIKEN JUDD M. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe in vivo cellular impact of age‐associated mitochondrial DNA mutations is unknown. We hypothesized that mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations contribute to the fiber atrophy and loss that cause sarcopenia, the age‐related decline of muscle mass and function. We examined 82,713 rectus femoris muscle fibers from Fischer 344 ×Brown Norway F1 hybrid rats of ages 5, 18, and 38 months through 1000 microns by serial cryosectioning and histochemical staining for cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase. Between 5 and 38 months of age, the rectus femoris muscle in the hybrid rat demonstrated a 33% decrease in mass concomitant with a 30% decrease in total fibers at the muscle mid‐belly. We observed significant increases in the number of mitochondrial abnormalities with age from 289 ± 8 ETS abnormal fibers in the entire 5‐month‐old rectus femoris to 1094 ± 126 in the 38‐month‐old as calculated from the volume density of these abnormalities. Segmental mitochondrial abnormalities contained mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations as revealed by laser capture microdissection and whole mitochondrial genome amplification. Muscle fibers harboring mitochondrial deletions often displayed atrophy, splitting and increased steady‐state levels of oxidative nucleic damage. These data suggest a causal role for age‐associated mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations in sarcopenia.—Wanagat, J., Cao, Z., Pathare, P., Aiken, J. M. Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations colocalize with segmental electron transport system abnormalities, muscle fiber atrophy, fiber splitting, and oxidative damage in sarcopenia. FASEB J. 15, 322‐332 (2001)
The US Medicaid Program
Authors: Donohue Julie M. , Cole Evan S. , James Cara V. , Jarlenski Marian , Michener Jamila D. , Roberts Eric T. 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceMedicaid is the largest health insurance program by enrollment in the US and has an important role in financing care for eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant persons, older adults, people with disabilities, and people from racial and ethnic minority groups. Medicaid has evolved with policy reform and expansion under the Affordable Care Act and is at a crossroads in balancing its role in addressing health disparities and health inequities against fiscal and political pressures to limit spending.ObjectiveTo describe Medicaid eligibility, enrollment, and spending and to examine areas of Medicaid policy, including managed care, payment, and delivery system reforms; Medicaid expansion; racial and ethnic health disparities; and the potential to achieve health equity.Evidence ReviewAnalyses of publicly available data reported from 2010 to 2022 on Medicaid enrollment and program expenditures were performed to describe the structure and financing of Medicaid and characteristics of Medicaid enrollees. A search of PubMed for peer-reviewed literature and online reports from nonprofit and government organizations was conducted between August 1, 2021, and February 1, 2022, to review evidence on Medicaid managed care, delivery system reforms, expansion, and health disparities. Peer-reviewed articles and reports published between January 2003 and February 2022 were included.FindingsMedicaid covered approximately 80.6 million people (mean per month) in 2022 (24.2% of the US population) and accounted for an estimated $671.2 billion in health spending in 2020, representing 16.3% of US health spending. Medicaid accounted for an estimated 27.2% of total state spending and 7.6% of total federal expenditures in 2021. States enrolled 69.5% of Medicaid beneficiaries in managed care plans in 2019 and adopted 139 delivery system reforms from 2003 to 2019. The 38 states (and Washington, DC) that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act experienced gains in coverage, increased federal revenues, and improvements in health care access and some health outcomes. Approximately 56.4% of Medicaid beneficiaries were from racial and ethnic minority groups in 2019, and disparities in access, quality, and outcomes are common among these groups within Medicaid. Expanding Medicaid, addressing disparities within Medicaid, and having an explicit focus on equity in managed care and delivery system reforms may represent opportunities for Medicaid to advance health equity.Conclusions and RelevanceMedicaid insures a substantial portion of the US population, accounts for a significant amount of total health spending and state expenditures, and has evolved with delivery system reforms, increased managed care enrollment, and state expansions. Additional Medicaid policy reforms are needed to reduce health disparities by race and ethnicity and to help achieve equity in access, quality, and outcomes.
Optimal Pharmacologic Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved and Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Xiang Boyang , Zhang Ruiqi , Wu Xiaoguang , Zhou Xiang 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceIn recent years, significant progress has been made in the pharmacologic treatment of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but there is still insufficient evidence for drug therapy for HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes associated with different drug combinations for the treatment of HFpEF and HFmrEF.Data SourcesA search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases was conducted for studies published from inception to October 9, 2021.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials on the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), β-blockers, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for patients with HFpEF or HFmrEF.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction and bias assessment were independently performed by 2 reviewers following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. All data for 3 outcomes were pooled with a fixed-effect model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were first hospitalization for HF, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were evaluated using a bayesian network meta-analysis model.ResultsIn this analysis, 19 randomized clinical trials, including 20 633 patients with HF and an ejection fraction of 40% or more, without a remarkable risk of bias were included. Compared with placebo, no treatments were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of all-cause death or cardiovascular death. SGLT2 inhibitors, ARNIs, and MRAs were associated with a significant decrease in the risk of HF hospitalization compared with placebo (SGLT2 inhibitors: HR, 0.71 [95% CrI, 0.60-0.83]; ARNIs: HR, 0.76 [95% CrI, 0.61-0.95]; MRAs: HR, 0.83 [95% CrI, 0.69-0.99]), and SGLT2 inhibitors were the optimal drug class in terms of reducing the risk for HF admission. Sensitivity analysis results demonstrated a progressive decrease in the risk of HF admission and an advance in mean rank associated with the increasing use of drug classes.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors were the optimal drug class for HFpEF and HFmrEF, consistent with the most recent guideline recommendation. The incremental use of combinations of SGLT2 inhibitors, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and β-blockers may be associated with accumulative benefits in HF hospitalization rather than all-cause death among patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF.
Poor neck posture and longer working duration during root canal treatment correlated with increased neck discomfort in dentists with &lt;5-years' experience in endodontics
Authors: Adulyawat Watcharapa , Chokechanachaisakul Uraiwan , Janwantanakul Prawit 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
This study investigated the effects of neck posture and working duration during each step of root canal treatment (i.e. opening the canal [OC], length determination, mechanical instrumentation, try main cone, and filling the root canal) on neck discomfort (ND) in dentists with &lt;5-years' endodontic experience.

METHODS
Twenty-four dentists performed a one-visit endodontic treatment of an upper molar in a phantom head model. A video was recorded to evaluate the dentists᾽ neck postures using the Modified-Dental Operator Posture Assessment Instrument (M-DOPAI) and treatment duration. The M-DOPAI divides the dentists᾽ neck postures into three categories: acceptable, compromised, or harmful posture. The participants rated their ND using Borg᾽s CR-10 scale every 10 min. and at the end of each treatment step. The relationships between neck posture/treatment duration and Borg᾽s CR-10 scores were examined using partial correlation.

RESULTS
The number of compromised and harmful neck postures during the endodontic procedure (r = 0.43, P = .04) and treatment duration (r = 0.58 P = .005) significantly correlated with ND at the end of treatment. The number of compromised and harmful neck postures during the OC step (r = 0.75, P &lt; .001) and the duration of the OC step (r = .70, P &lt; .001) significantly correlated with ND at the end of the step.

CONCLUSION
Poor neck postures and long working duration during endodontic treatment correlated with ND among inexperienced dentists. Neck pain interventions should focus on neck postures and work duration during root canal treatment, particularly in the OC step.