bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxides composition on the mechanical properties of non‐sintered spherical filters from waste steel slag
Authors: Yan Xiaoya , Shen Xinyu , Lin Yang , Xu Yueqing , Han Yan , Liu Rong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNon‐sintered spherical filters (NSSFs) from the waste steel slag for bottom filtration process are regarded as promising materials for sustainable development with economical benefits due to saving natural resource pebbles. To further optimize the preparation process, the influence mechanism of the main oxides on characteristics are comprehensively examined in this work. CaO in the raw materials makes it easier to release active components from the resulting glass body structure, while the expansion stress of Ca(OH)2 crystals precipitated under highly basic circumstances needs special consideration. SiO2 can positively contribute to the properties due to its adequate participation in the hydration reaction and the micro‐aggregate effect. Al3+ tends to combine and form a stable tetrahedral structure, which is conducive to liquid viscosity and the hindrance of hydration reaction of the active substance. Under the 6% mass ratio of MgO, NSSFs exhibit relatively excellent in physical properties. Specifically, the stimulation and promotion effect of MgO on hydration reaction is superior to the negative effect of excessive product Mg(OH)2 on expansion stress. Fe2O3 particles convert the structure in NSSFs to a dense state by the filling effect and serving as nucleation sites to promote the formation of hydration products.
Insights into the particle diameter and base chosen for dry powder fire extinguishing agents
Authors: Zhao Junchao , Xue Feng , Fu Yangyang , Lu Song , Zhang Heping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate are commonly used as the bases of dry powder fire extinguishing agents. However, the choices of particle diameter and base are still not obvious, bringing difficulties to the design of fire extinguishing agents. Through the study on thermal decomposition kinetics, it was found that the smaller the particle size, the faster the decomposition rate of dry powder agents. For instance, if the D90 of sodium bicarbonate is reduced from 46.2 to 1 μm, the decomposition rate triples. As determined by thermal decomposition experiments, the residues after a fire could be bicarbonates, carbonates, and mixtures. The residue solutions' pH shows that carbonates are more alkaline than bicarbonates, and potassium salts are more alkaline than sodium salts. The corrosion tests on four common metals reveal that the residues of potassium bicarbonate after a fire could accelerate the electrochemical corrosion of metal surfaces, especially aluminum alloys. This research identifies the ideal particle diameter and supports the choice of alkali metal salts for the design of dry powder agents.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion in gastroenterology and hepatology: A survey of where we stand
Authors: Rahal Harman K. , Tabibian James H. , Issaka Rachel B. , Quezada Sandra , Gray Darrell M. , Balzora Sophie , Yang Liu , Badiee Jayraan , May Folasade P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
In the setting of increasing attention to representation in medicine, we aimed to assess current perspectives of racial and ethnic workforce diversity and health care disparities among gastroenterology (GI) and hepatology professionals in the United States.

Approach and Results
We developed and administered a 33‐item electronic cross‐sectional survey to members of five national GI and hepatology societies. Survey items were organized into thematic modules and solicited perspectives on racial and ethnic workforce diversity, health care disparities in GI and hepatology, and potential interventions to enhance workforce diversity and improve health equity. Of the 1219 survey participants, 62.3% were male, 48.7% were non‐Hispanic White, and 19.9% were from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine. The most frequently reported barriers to increasing racial and ethnic diversity in GI and hepatology were insufficient representation of underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups in the education and training pipeline (n = 431 [35.4%]), in professional leadership (n = 340 [27.9%]), and among practicing GI and hepatology professionals (n = 324 [26.6%]). Suggested interventions were to increase career mentorship opportunities (n = 545 [44.7%]), medical student opportunities (n = 520 [42.7%]), and program and professional society leadership roles for underrepresented racial and ethnic minority groups (n = 473 [38.8%]).

Conclusions
Our survey explored imperative and timely perspectives on racial and ethnic representation and health equity among professionals in GI and hepatology. The findings should inform future interventions to address workforce diversity and establish priorities toward improving health equity, ultimately serving as a springboard for professional societies, academic institutions, and other organizations that aim to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in our field.
Cautionary tale of right ventricular perforation during Micra™ leadless pacemaker insertion
Authors: Gulkarov Iosif , Stein Louis H. , Karanam Ravindranath N. , Lackey Adam , Dobesh David , Ahmad Ahsanuddin , Salemi Arash 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTranscatheter pacing systems are self‐contained, leadless, devices that offer the potential benefits of avoiding complications related to pectoral pocket and upper extremity vascular access. These systems in preapproval trials demonstrated excellent safety profile with the incidence of device‐related cardiac perforation as low as 1.6% with Micra™ (Medtronic) and 1.3% in Nanostim (Abbott). In post‐approval registry of Micra™ TPS, the rate of major complications was even lower than in the investigational study ranging from 0.63% to 0.77%. Recently, published report found much higher rates of need for rescue surgery, shock, tamponade, and death among patients implanted with the Micra™ device when compared with transvenous devices. This case report describes two cases of major right ventricular perforation requiring surgical intervention.
Interleukin‐2 promotes pegylated interferon alpha for hepatitis B surface antigen loss: A retrospective pragmatic clinical study at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College
Authors: Qi Wencai , Wang Yuming , Huang Guangyu , Wang Kaifa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsInterleukin‐2 (IL‐2) can be used as an adjuvant therapy when pegylated interferon alpha (Peg‐IFN‐α) does not effectively promote hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, but the relevant timing, kinetic patterns, and prognostic associations of this intervention are unclear.MethodsA total of 115 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated at our institution between October 2018 and March 2021 were included in this retrospective analysis. They were divided into two kinetic patterns by using K‐medoids cluster analysis. Profile and prognostic associations were statistically analyzed between the two patterns.ResultsAfter baseline standardization, before the intervention, the relative HBsAg level showed a continuously increasing trend, but after the intervention, it showed a continuously decreasing trend. Based on the relative change in the HBsAg level, two kinetic patterns, namely, a fluctuation platform pattern and a stepwise growth pattern, were identified by using K‐medoids cluster analysis for all 115 patients before IL‐2 intervention. Profile analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two patterns before IL‐2 intervention (p < 0.05), but their profiles showed the same trend after 2 weeks of IL‐2 intervention. Prognostic association analysis showed that CD8+ T cells, alanine transaminase (ALT), age, natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and course of treatment before IL‐2 intervention were the six main indicators affecting the relative decrease in the HBsAg level.ConclusionFor CHB patients who have received continuous Peg‐IFN‐α treatment, IL‐2 intervention should be given as early as possible when the HBsAg level has not decreased for four consecutive weeks or a fluctuation platform pattern is observed. After the intervention, a downward relative change in the HBsAg level can be maintained over 4 weeks. CD8+ T cells, ALT, NK cells, and neutrophils are baseline indicators closely related to the prognosis of this intervention.
Surgical disorders in pediatric and adolescent gynecology: Adnexal abnormalities
Authors: Mentessidou Anastasia , Mirilas Petros 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSurgical abnormalities of the adnexa in children and adolescents include a variety of ovarian and paraovarian lesions ranging from benign functional cysts to malignant tumors, torsion of the ovary and/or the fallopian tube, and adnexal infectious lesions ranging from salpingitis to tubo‐ovarian abscesses. Presentations vary from asymptomatic pelvic masses to acute abdomen, and some ovarian tumors might present with precocious puberty or virilization. Acute pain might be caused by hemorrhage or rupture of ovarian or paraovarian cysts, adnexal torsion or adnexal infection. Differential diagnosis of adnexal masses should include peri‐appendiceal abscess in all age groups, and endometriomas and ectopic pregnancy in adolescents. This review provides guidance on the differentiation between adnexal abnormalities, based on important clues from clinical assessment and diagnostic workup, and ultimately on the decision making about the need for surgery, its level of urgency, and the type of surgery to clinicians of all specialties involved in the care of young females.
A literature review and proposed framework for a core curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology for medical students globally
Authors: Atiomo William U. , Stanley Adrian G. , Ezimokhai Mutairu M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere have been challenges in deciding the curricular content in obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) for medical students because the core knowledge, competencies, and duration of Ob/Gyn clerkships, varies widely by country.ObjectivesTo investigate current recommendations for Ob/Gyn curricula for medical students globally, in a rapid review of the literature and websites of a selection of medical schools.Search StrategyA targeted search of selected databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) using relevant key words and a search of university websites.Selection CriteriaStudies that applied to medical or undergraduate students in Ob/Gyn.Data Collection and AnalysisA standardized extraction form on Microsoftexcelto extract and chart data.Main ResultsWe identified recommendations from national professional bodies (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and the Turkish‐National Core Curriculum), and descriptions from five university websites. We also identified additional objectives, including teaching on intimate partner violence, health priorities in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and a variation in practical skills recommended.ConclusionsFitting all the recommended curricula content into medical student Ob/Gyn clerkships is a challenge. A framework to address this, for consideration by the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and other stakeholders, is proposed in which priority is given to topics related to emergency Ob/Gyn, history taking, and examination of the pregnant and non‐pregnant patient.
Structural stability and the low‐lying singlet and triplet states of BN‐n‐acenes, n = 1–7
Authors: Milanez Bruno D. , dos Santos Gustavo M. , Pinheiro Max , Ueno Leonardo T. , Ferrão Luiz F. A. , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Lischka Hans , Machado Francisco B. C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe chemical stability and the low‐lying singlet and triplet excited states of BN‐n‐acenes (n = 1–7) were studied using single reference and multireference methodologies. From the calculations, descriptors such as the singlet‐triplet splitting, the natural orbital (NO) occupations and aromaticity indexes are used to provide structural and energetic analysis. The boron and nitrogen atoms form an isoelectronic pair of two carbon atoms, which was used for the complete substitution of these units in the acene series. The structural analysis confirms the effects originated from the insertion of a uniform pattern of electronegativity difference within the molecular systems. The covalent bonds tend to be strongly polarized which does not happen in the case of a carbon‐only framework. This effect leads to a charge transfer between neighbor atoms resulting in a more strengthened structure, keeping the aromaticity roughly constant along the chain. The singlet‐triplet splitting also agrees with this stability trend, maintaining a consistent gap value for all molecules. The BN‐n‐acenes molecules possess a ground state with monoconfigurational character indicating their electronic stability. The low‐lying singlet excited states have charge transfer character, which proceeds from nitrogen to boron.
Model‐Informed Dose Justifications of Posaconazole in Japanese Patients for Prophylaxis and Treatment Against Fungal Infection
Authors: Iwasa Takashi , de Almeida Camila , Fauchet Floris , Winchell Gregory A. , de Greef Rik , Hasegawa Chihiro , Yoshitsugu Hiroyuki , Wrishko Rebecca Ellen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPosaconazole is a globally approved broad‐spectrum triazole antifungal compound. In Japanese patients, posaconazole has identical dosing regimens as those approved globally for both tablet and intravenous formulations. This article aims to describe a model‐informed approach for dose justification of posaconazole in the Japanese population as either high‐risk patients with fungal infections (prophylaxis patients) or patients with fungal infections (treatment patients). A simultaneous population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for tablet and intravenous formulation was developed on the basis of a data set including Japanese data from healthy participants and treatment patients. The PK profiles and exposure distributions in Japanese patients were predicted and compared against foreign patients, that is, patients outside of Japan. Relationships between the post hoc posaconazole exposures and frequently observed clinical adverse events were evaluated. Although clinical trials for Japanese prophylaxis patients were not conducted, PK profiles in Japanese prophylaxis patients were predicted using the population PK model and demographic covariate information obtained from the published literature. Based upon the globally approved dosing regimen, posaconazole exposure distribution was predicted to be the highest in Japanese treatment patients, and generally similar between Japanese and foreign prophylaxis patients. Exposures in Japanese patients exceeded the efficacy target level (500 ng/mL). Safety profiles in Japanese treatment patients with the highest exposures were clinically acceptable without specific concerns to Japanese patients and appeared to have no relationship with posaconazole exposures. From PK, safety, and efficacy perspectives, the use of the same dosing regimen as in foreign patients was justified in Japanese prophylaxis and treatment patients.
Development of a polyurethane‐coated thin film solid phase microextraction device for multi‐residue monitoring of pesticides in fruit and tea beverages
Authors: Li Wenhui , Gu Ying , Liu Zikun , Hua Rimao , Wu Xiangwei , Xue Jiaying 
Published: November 2022

A novel solid‐phase microextraction device coated with an efficient and cheap thin film of polyurethane was developed for trace determination of 13 widely used pesticides in fruit and tea beverages. A round‐shaped polyurethane film covering the bottom of a glass vial was fabricated as the sorbent to exhibit a superior capacity for preconcentrating target compounds and reducing matrix interferences. After optimization of the key parameters including the film type, extraction time, solution pH, ionic strength, desorption solvent, and conditions, this device allowed an efficient adsorption‐desorption cycle for the pesticides accomplished in one vial. Coupled with gas chromatography‐electron capture detection, the polyurethane‐coated thin film microextraction method was successfully established and applied for the analysis of real fruit and tea drinks, showing low limits of detection (0.001–0.015 μg/L), wide linear ranges (1.0–500.0 μg/L, r2 > 0.9931), good relative recoveries (77.2%–106.3%) and negligible matrix effects (86.1%–107.5%) for the target pesticides. The proposed approach revealed strong potential of extending its application by flexibly modifying the type or size of the coating film. This study provides insights into the enrichment of contaminants from complex samples using inexpensive and reusable microextraction devices that can limit the environmental and health impact of the sample preparation protocol.
Efficiency of visual selection of agronomic traits for soybean production in a protected environment
Authors: dos Santos Silva Francisco Charles , da Silva Amilton Ferreira , Gomes Bezerra André Ricardo , Costa Nobre Danúbia Aparecida , Rosa Daniele Piano , Sediyama Tuneo , Guimarães Claudinei Martins , Zuffo Alan Mario , da Silva Felipe Lopes , Soto Gonzales Hebert Hernán , Paucar Flores Luis Angel , Aguilera Jorge González 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this work were to evaluate the efficiency of visual selection in soybean under a protected environment, to determine if the ability of an evaluator to select visually depends on their experience with the crop, and to study the efficiency of visual selection of traits associated with productivity to obtain income gains. For that, three soybean populations (F3, F4, and F5) were used, composed of 20 families each, conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, with three replicates and experimental units, two plants per pot. In these, five evaluators with different levels of experience with the crop made the visual selection for each plant. Evaluators differ in their ability to identify more productive plants, but this ability is not associated with the evaluator's experience with the crop. In the search for more productive soybean plants, the number of pods per plant is the characteristic that most assists visual selection, provided there is uniformity of experimental conditions and genetic variability.
Poly(acrylamide) Spheroids with Tunable Elasticity for Scalable Cell Culture Applications
Authors: Pieroth Stephanie , Heras‐Bautista Carlos O. , Hamad Sarkawt , Brockmeier Konrad , Hescheler Jürgen , Pfannkuche Kurt , Schmidt Annette M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany biological tissues resemble hydrogels and display Young's moduli below 50 kPa, corresponding to most cell types for the natural environmental conditions to grow. Contrastingly, conventional cell culture usually involves rigid substrates resulting in stiff priming effects, which are of increasing concern when it comes to scalable culturing of adhesive cells for regenerative purposes. As a solution to this problem, the employment of synthetic poly(acryl amide) (PAAm)‐based hydrogel beads with tissue‐matched mechanical properties are proposed as soft matrix for culture modes suitable for tidal bioreactor culture. Herein, technology is described to generate spherical, mm‐scaled PAAm hydrogel beads with adjustable, soft elastic properties that are produced by a continuous microfluidic approach. A simple and robust method is demonstrated to functionalize the spheroids with protein ligands, and the suitability of the matrix for cell cultivation is successfully demonstrated with three different cell types (murine mesenchymal stem cells, renal carcinoma cells, and human induced pluripotent stem cells) in model experiments and in a tidal bioreactor system. This versatile approach will pave the way toward novel cell culture systems based on bioreactors that allow scalable, soft carrier‐based expansion of cells on matrices with tissue‐matched elasticity.
Eigenvalue inequalities for the buckling problem of the drifting Laplacian
Authors: Qi Xuerong , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the buckling problem of the drifting Laplacian on bounded domains in a complete Riemannian manifold with nonnegative ∞‐dimensional Bakry–Émery Ricci curvature. According to the property of the manifold, we obtain a family of trial functions. By making use of these trial functions, we derive a universal inequality of eigenvalues, which is independent of the domains.
Influence of image contrasts and reconstruction methods on the classification of multiple sclerosis‐like lesions in simulated sodium magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ruck Laurent , Mennecke Angelika , Wilferth Tobias , Lachner Sebastian , Müller Max , Egger Nico , Doerfler Arnd , Uder Michael , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeTo evaluate the classifiability of small multiple sclerosis (MS)‐like lesions in simulated sodium (23Na) MRI for different 23Na MRI contrasts and reconstruction methods.Methods23Na MRI and 23Na inversion recovery (IR) MRI of a phantom and simulated brain with and without lesions of different volumes (V = 1.3–38.2 nominal voxels) were simulated 100 times by adding Gaussian noise matching the SNR of real 3T measurements. Each simulation was reconstructed with four different reconstruction methods (Gridding without and with Hamming filter, Compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction without and with anatomical 1H prior information). Based on the mean signals within the lesion volumes of simulations with and without lesions, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were determined and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the classifiability for each lesion volume.ResultsLesions show higher classifiability in 23Na MRI than in 23Na IR MRI. For typical parameters and SNR of a 3T scan, the voxel normed minimal classifiable lesion volume (AUC > 0.9) is 2.8 voxels for 23Na MRI and 19 voxels for 23Na IR MRI, respectively. In terms of classifiability, Gridding with Hamming filter and CS without anatomical 1H prior outperform CS reconstruction with anatomical 1H prior.ConclusionReliability of lesion classifiability strongly depends on the lesion volume and the 23Na MRI contrast. Additional incorporation of 1H prior information in the CS reconstruction was not beneficial for the classification of small MS‐like lesions in 23Na MRI.