bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial toxicity impact on younger versus older adults with cancer in the setting of care delivery
Authors: Corrigan Kelsey L. , Fu Shuangshuang , Chen Ying‐Shiuan , Kaiser Kelsey , Roth Michael , Peterson Susan K. , Shih Ya‐Chen T. , Jagsi Reshma , Giordano Sharon H. , Volk Robert J. , Yabroff K. Robin , Banegas Mathew P. , Acquati Chiara , Conti Rena M. , Ma Hilary Y. , Ku Kimberly , You Y. Nancy , Smith Grace L. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundYoung adults and other working‐age adults with cancer are at risk for cancer‐related financial toxicity (FT), including material hardships, depletion of coping resources, and psychological burden. This study compares FT domains in young adults (18‐39 years old) (YAs), other working‐age adults (40‐64 years old), and older adults (≥65 years old) receiving cancer care.MethodsA total of 311 adults were surveyed using the multi‐domain Economic Strain and Resilience in Cancer instrument measuring FT (0‐10 score indicating least to greatest FT; score ≥5 severe FT). Participants were receiving ambulatory care from March‐September 2019. Associations of age with overall FT and material hardship, coping resource depletion, and psychological burden FT domains were tested using Kruskal‐Wallis and χ2 tests and multivariable generalized linear models with gamma distribution.ResultsYAs (median age, 31.5 years) comprised 9.6% of the sample; other working‐age adults comprised 56.9%. Overall, material, coping, and psychological FT scores were worse in younger age adults versus older adults (P < .001 in all multivariable models). Compared with older adults, younger age adults demonstrated worse material hardship (median scores, 3.70 vs 4.80 vs 1.30 for YAs, other working‐age, and older adults, respectively; P < .001), coping resource depletion (4.50 vs 3.40 vs 0.80; P < .001), and psychological burden (6.50 vs 7.00 vs 1.00; P < .001). Fifty percent of YAs had severe overall FT versus 40.7% of other working‐age adults and 9.6% of older adults (P < .001).ConclusionsYounger age adults with cancer bore disproportionate FT. Interventions to address unmet needs are critical components for addressing FT in this population.
Significance of KRAS mutation testing in biliary brushing cytology specimens: A 10‐year retrospective review
Authors: Sun Tong , Zuo Tao , Hui Pei , Cai Guoping 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUNDBiliary strictures can be caused by benign and malignant conditions. A biliary duct brushing diagnosis can be challenging because of low cellularity and overlapping morphology among different entities, leading to a variable reported sensitivity. This study aimed to assess the value of KRAS mutation testing in adding cytological diagnosis of biliary duct brushings.METHODSWith institutional review board approval, biliary duct brushing cytology specimens were collected from 269 patients with extrahepatic biliary stenosis between August 2011 and July 2021. The results of cytology and KRAS mutational analyses were evaluated in view of corresponding cytology examination and histopathological/clinical follow‐up.RESULTSKRAS mutations were identified in 50 of 269 biliary stricture brushing cases (19%). Among the cases with available follow‐up, 72% (34 of 47) of biliary brushings had confirmed malignancy when there were KRAS mutations. The overall specificity and sensitivity of KRAS mutation testing was 92% and 36%, respectively. KRAS mutation was significantly more enriched in pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma than in cholangiocarcinoma (66% vs 5%, P < .001). The absolute risk of malignancy was 3%, 28%, and 71%, respectively, in negative, atypical, and suspicious cytological diagnostic categories and the risks increased to 14%, 68%, and 95% in corresponding categories with KRAS mutation.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggested that KRAS mutational analysis can be considered supplementary to cytology diagnosis of biliary duct brushing for patients with extrahepatic biliary stenosis in clinical practice.;
Fastness of dye‐based ink‐jet printing inks in aqueous solution in the presence and absence of oxygen
Authors: Blaznik Barbara , Kovač Franci , Bizjak Grega , Bračko Sabina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhotodegradation of the ink‐jet prints is a complex process in which many external and internal factors are involved. Nevertheless, the role of colorants and various accompanying substances in the ink is often overlooked. Our research work aimed to determine the fastness of water‐based ink‐jet inks in aqueous solutions. A printing ink often contains a complex mixture of colorants to achieve optimal optical properties of color and a suitable fastness of the print. Therefore, we investigated the composition and stability of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks under the influence of UVC light in the presence of oxygen as well as in an inert environment based on TLC chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis. The process of photodegradation was evaluated based on ink amount and half‐life. According to the results, the majority of inks consist of at least two colorants that differ in color and polarity. The results have shown that the presence of oxygen negatively affects the stability of inks; therefore, the inert atmosphere prolongs the durability of ink in water solution.
Boosting Efficiency in Light‐Driven Water Splitting by Dynamic Irradiation through Synchronizing Reaction and Transport Processes**
Authors: Sender Maximilian , Huber Fabian L. , Moersch Maximilian C. G. , Kowalczyk Daniel , Hniopek Julian , Klingler Sarah , Schmitt Michael , Kaufhold Simon , Siewerth Kevin , Popp Jürgen , Mizaikoff Boris , Ziegenbalg Dirk , Rau Sven 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work elaborates the effect of dynamic irradiation on light‐driven molecular water oxidation to counteract deactivation. It highlights the importance of overall reaction engineering to overcome limiting factors in artificial photosynthesis reactions. Systematic investigation of a homogeneous three‐component ruthenium‐based water oxidation system revealed significant potential to enhance the overall catalytic efficiency by synchronizing the timescales of photoreaction and mass transport in a capillary flow reactor. The overall activity could be improved by a factor of more than 10 with respect to the turnover number and a factor of 31 referring to the external energy efficiency by controlling the local availability of photons. Detailed insights into the mechanism of light driven water oxidation could be obtained using complementary methods of investigation like Raman, IR, and UV/Vis/emission spectroscopy, unraveling the importance of avoiding high concentrations of excited photosensitizers.
Woody plant secondary chemicals increase in response to abundant deer and arrival of invasive plants in suburban forests
Authors: Morrison Janet A. , Roche Bernadette , Veatch‐Blohm Maren 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlants in suburban forests of eastern North America face the dual stressors of high white‐tailed deer density and invasion by nonindigenous plants. Chronic deer herbivory combined with strong competition from invasive plants could alter a plant's stress‐ and defense‐related secondary chemistry, especially for long‐lived juvenile trees in the understory, but this has not been studied. We measured foliar total antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids in juveniles of two native trees, Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash) and Fagus grandifolia (American beech), growing in six forests in the suburban landscape of central New Jersey, USA. The trees grew in experimental plots subjected for 2.5 years to factorial treatments of deer access/exclosure × addition/no addition of the nonindigenous invasive grass Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stiltgrass). As other hypothesized drivers of plant secondary chemistry, we also measured nonstiltgrass herb layer cover, light levels, and water availability. Univariate mixed model analysis of the deer and stiltgrass effects and multivariate structural equation modeling (SEM) of all variables showed that both greater stiltgrass cover and greater deer pressure induced antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids, with some variation between species. Deer were generally the stronger factor, and stiltgrass effects were most apparent at high stiltgrass density. SEM also revealed that soil dryness directly increased the chemicals; deer had additional positive, but indirect, effects via influence on the soil; in beech photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) positively affected flavonoids; and herb layer cover had no effect. Juvenile trees’ chemical defense/stress responses to deer and invasive plants can be protective, but also could have a physiological cost, with negative consequences for recruitment to the canopy. Ecological implications for species and their communities will depend on costs and benefits of stress/defense chemistry in the specific environmental context, particularly with respect to invasive plant competitiveness, extent of invasion, local deer density, and deer browse preferences.
A test of frequency‐dependent selection in the evolution of a generalist phenotype
Authors: Blain Stephanie A. , Chavarie Louise , Kinney Mackenzie H. , Schluter Dolph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA solitary population of consumers frequently evolves to the middle of a resource gradient and an intermediate mean phenotype compared to a sympatric pair of competing species that diverge to either side via character displacement. The forces governing the distribution of phenotypes in these allopatric populations, however, are little investigated. Theory predicts that the intermediate mean phenotype of the generalist should be maintained by negative frequency‐dependent selection, whereby alternate extreme phenotypes are favored because they experience reduced competition for resources when rare. However, the theory makes assumptions that are not always met, and alternative explanations for an intermediate phenotype are possible. We provide a test of this prediction in a mesocosm experiment using threespine stickleback that are ecologically and phenotypically intermediate between the more specialized stickleback species that occur in pairs. We manipulated the frequency distribution of phenotypes in two treatments and then measured effects on a focal intermediate population. We found a slight frequency‐dependent effect on survival in the predicted direction but not on individual growth rates. This result suggests that frequency‐dependent selection might be a relatively weak force across the range of phenotypes within an intermediate population and we suggest several general reasons why this might be so. We propose that allopatric populations might often be maintained at an intermediate phenotype instead by stabilizing or fluctuating directional selection.
Effects of density, species interactions, and environmental stochasticity on the dynamics of British bird communities
Authors: Sandal Lisa , Grøtan Vidar , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Freckleton Robert P. , Noble David G. , Ovaskainen Otso 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOur knowledge of the factors affecting species abundances is mainly based on time‐series analyses of a few well‐studied species at single or few localities, but we know little about whether results from such analyses can be extrapolated to the community level. We apply a joint species distribution model to long‐term time‐series data on British bird communities to examine the relative contribution of intra‐ and interspecific density dependence at different spatial scales, as well as the influence of environmental stochasticity, to spatiotemporal interspecific variation in abundance. Intraspecific density dependence has the major structuring effect on these bird communities. In addition, environmental fluctuations affect spatiotemporal differences in abundance. In contrast, species interactions had a minor impact on variation in abundance. Thus, important drivers of single‐species dynamics are also strongly affecting dynamics of communities in time and space.
Practical outpatient management of worsening chronic heart failure
Authors: Girerd Nicolas , Mewton Nathan , Tartière Jean‐Michel , Guijarro Damien , Jourdain Patrick , Damy Thibaud , Lamblin Nicolas , Bayes‐Génis Antoni , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Januzzi James L. , Rossignol Patrick , Roubille François ,   a panel of multidisciplinary experts and the Heart Failure Working Group of the French Society of Cardiology
Published: April 2022

AbstractManagement of worsening heart failure (WHF) has traditionally been hospital‐based, but with the rising burden of heart failure (HF), the pressure on healthcare systems exerted by this disease necessitates a different strategy than long (and costly) hospital stays. A strategy for outpatient intravenous (IV) diuretic treatment of WHF has been developed in certain American centres in the past 10 years, whereas European centres have been mostly favouring ‘classic’ in‐hospital management of WHF. Embracing novel, outpatient approaches for treating WHF could substantially reduce the burden on healthcare systems while improving patient's satisfaction and quality of life. The present article is intended to provide essential knowledge and practical guidelines aimed at helping clinicians implement these new ambulatory approaches using day hospital and/or at‐home hospitalization. The topics addressed by our group of HF experts include the pathophysiological background of diuretic therapy, the most suitable profile of WHF that may be managed in an ambulatory setting, the pharmacological protocols that can be used, as well as a detailed description of healthcare structures that can be proposed to deliver these ambulatory care interventions. The practical aspects of day hospital and hospital‐at‐home IV diuretic administration are specifically emphasized. The algorithm provided along with the practical IV diuretic protocols should assist HF clinicians in implementing this new approach in their local clinical setting.
Unmasking the prevalence of amyloid cardiomyopathy in the real world: results from Phase 2 of the AC‐TIVE study, an Italian nationwide survey
Authors: Merlo Marco , Pagura Linda , Porcari Aldostefano , Cameli Matteo , Vergaro Giuseppe , Musumeci Beatrice , Biagini Elena , Canepa Marco , Crotti Lia , Imazio Massimo , Forleo Cinzia , Cappelli Francesco , Perfetto Federico , Favale Stefano , Di Bella Gianluca , Dore Franca , Girardi Francesca , Tomasoni Daniela , Pavasini Rita , Rella Valeria , Palmiero Giuseppe , Caiazza Martina , Carella Maria Cristina , Igoren Guaricci Andrea , Branzi Giovanna , Caponetti Angelo Giuseppe , Saturi Giulia , La Malfa Giovanni , Merlo Andrea Carlo , Andreis Alessandro , Bruno Francesco , Longo Francesca , Rossi Maddalena , Varrà Guerino Giuseppe , Saro Riccardo , Di Ienno Luca , De Carli Giuseppe , Giacomin Elisa , Arzilli Chiara , Limongelli Giuseppe , Autore Camillo , Olivotto Iacopo , Badano Luigi , Parati Gianfranco , Perlini Stefano , Metra Marco , Emdin Michele , Rapezzi Claudio , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of amyloid cardiomyopathy (AC) and the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiographic red flags of AC among consecutive adult patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiogram for reason other than AC in 13 Italian institutions.Methods and resultsThis is an Italian prospective multicentre study, involving a clinical and instrumental work‐up to assess AC prevalence among patients ≥55 years old with an echocardiogram suggestive of AC (i.e. at least one echocardiographic red flag of AC in hypertrophic, non‐dilated left ventricles with preserved ejection fraction). The study was registered at
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04738266). Overall, 381 patients with an echocardiogram suggestive of AC were identified among a cohort of 5315 screened subjects, and 217 patients completed the investigations. A final diagnosis of AC was made in 62 patients with an estimated prevalence of 29% (95% confidence interval 23%–35%). Transthyretin‐related AC (ATTR‐AC) was diagnosed in 51 and light chain‐related AC (AL‐AC) in 11 patients. Either apical sparing or a combination of ≥2 other echocardiographic red flags, excluding interatrial septum thickness, provided a diagnostic accuracy >70%.ConclusionIn a cohort of consecutive adults with echocardiographic findings suggestive of AC and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, the prevalence of AC (either ATTR or AL) was 29%. Easily available echocardiographic red flags, when combined together, demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy.
Natural killer cell‐mediated ADCC in SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals and vaccine recipients
Authors: Hagemann Kerri , Riecken Kristoffer , Jung Johannes M. , Hildebrandt Heike , Menzel Stephan , Bunders Madeleine J. , Fehse Boris , Koch‐Nolte Friedrich , Heinrich Fabian , Peine Sven , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Brehm Thomas T. , Addo Marylyn M. , Lütgehetmann Marc , Altfeld Marcus 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged as a global pandemic. While immune responses of the adaptive immune system have been in the focus of research, the role of NK cells in COVID‐19 remains less well understood. Here, we characterized NK cell‐mediated SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike‐1 (S1) and nucleocapsid (NC) protein. Serum samples from SARS‐CoV‐2 resolvers induced significant CD107a‐expression by NK cells in response to S1 and NC, while serum samples from SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative individuals did not. Furthermore, serum samples from individuals that received the BNT162b2 vaccine induced strong CD107a expression by NK cells that increased with the second vaccination and was significantly higher than observed in infected individuals. As expected, vaccine‐induced responses were only directed against S1 and not against NC protein. S1‐specific CD107a responses by NK cells were significantly correlated to NK cell‐mediated killing of S1‐expressing cells. Interestingly, screening of serum samples collected prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic identified two individuals with cross‐reactive antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 S1, which also induced degranulation of NK cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that antibodies induced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines can trigger significant NK cell‐mediated ADCC activity, and identify some cross‐reactive ADCC‐activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 by endemic coronavirus‐specific antibodies.
Mesenchymal stromal cells‐derived small extracellular vesicles modulate DC function to suppress Th2 responses via IL‐10 in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Peng Ya‐Qi , Wu Zi‐Cong , Xu Zhi‐Bin , Fang Shu‐Bin , Chen De‐Hua , Zhang Hong‐Yu , Liu Xiao‐Qing , He Bi‐Xin , Chen Dong , Akdis Cezmi A. , Fu Qing‐Ling 
Published: April 2022

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are well known for their immunoregulatory roles on allergic inflammation particularly by acting on T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). MSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC‐sEV) are increasingly considered as one of the main factors for the effects of MSCs on immune responses. However, the effects of MSC‐sEV on DCs in allergic diseases remain unclear.MSC‐sEV were prepared from the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)‐MSCs by anion‐exchange chromatography, and were characterized with the size, morphology, and specific markers. Human monocyte‐derived DCs were generated and cultured in the presence of MSC‐sEV to differentiate the so‐called sEV‐immature DCs (sEV‐iDCs) and sEV‐mature DCs (sEV‐mDCs), respectively. The phenotypes and the phagocytic ability of sEV‐iDCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. sEV‐mDCs were co‐cultured with isolated CD4+T cells or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with allergic rhinitis. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines produced by T cells were examined by ELISA and intracellular flow staining. And the following mechanisms were further investigated.We demonstrated that MSC‐sEV inhibited the differentiation of human monocytes to iDCs with downregulation of the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and HLA‐DR, but had no effects on mDCs with these markers. However, MSC‐sEV treatment enhanced the phagocytic ability of mDCs. More importantly, using anti‐IL‐10 monoclonal antibody or IL‐10Rα blocking antibody, we identified that sEV‐mDCs suppressed the Th2 immune response by reducing the production of IL‐4, IL‐9, and IL‐13 via IL‐10. Furthermore, sEV‐mDCs increased the level of Treg cells.Our study identified that mDCs treated with MSC‐sEV inhibited the Th2 responses, providing novel evidence of the potential cell‐free therapy acting on DCs in allergic airway diseases.
Establishing an individualized model of conversion from normal cognition to Alzheimer's disease after 4 years, based on cognitive, brain morphology and neuropsychiatric characteristics
Authors: Ronat Lucas , Hoang Van‐Tien , Hanganu Alexandru 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe impact of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) on cognitive performance has been reported, and this impact was better defined in the aging population. Yet the potential of using the impact of NPS on brain and cognitive performance in a longitudinal setting, as prediction of conversion – have remained questionable. This study proposes to establish a predictive model of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on current cognitive performance, NPS and their associations with brain morphology.Methods156 participants with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database cognitively stable after a 4‐year follow‐up were compared to 119 MCI participants who converted to AD. Each participant underwent a neuropsychological assessment evaluating verbal memory, language, executive and visuospatial functions, a neuropsychiatric inventory evaluation and a 3 Tesla MRI. The statistical analyses consisted of 1) baseline comparison between the groups; 2) analysis of covariance model (controlling demographic parameters including functional abilities) to specify the variables that distinguish the two subgroups and; 3) used the significant ANCOVA variables to construct a binary logistic regression model that generates a probability equation to convert to a lower cognitive performance state.ResultsResults showed that MCI who converted to AD in comparison to stable MCI, exhibited a higher NPS prevalence, a lower cognitive performance and a higher number of involved brain structures. Functional abilities, memory performance and the sizes of inferior temporal, hippocampal and amygdala sizes were significant predictors of MCI to AD conversion. We also report two models of conversion that can be implemented on an individual basis for calculating the percentage risk of conversion after 4 years.ConclusionThese analytical methods might be a good way to anticipate cognitive and brain declines.
Medicare reimbursement trends from 2000 to 2020 in head and neck surgical oncology
Authors: Quereshy Humzah A. , Quinton Brooke A. , Cabrera Claudia I. , Li Shawn , Tamaki Akina , Fowler Nicole 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundConsidering limited data exploring reimbursement trends at the subspecialty level within head and neck surgical oncology, we sought to characterize these trends for head and neck‐specific codes from 2000 to 2020.MethodsUsing the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Physician Fee Schedule Look‐Up Tool, reimbursement data, adjusted to 2020 U.S. dollars, for 37 head and neck surgical oncologic procedure codes were collected from 2000 to 2020.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2020, despite gross reimbursement for all head and neck procedures increasing by 23.2%, when adjusted for inflation, physician reimbursement decreased by 19.4%. Only 4 of 37 examined codes increased in net reimbursement over the study period.ConclusionMedicare reimbursement for the most common head and neck oncologic procedure codes decreased from 2000 to 2020. Further research is necessary to explore the implications of these trends on the delivery of patient care.