bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Prestress Regulation of Micro-Heart Muscle Physiology
Authors: Simmons Daniel W. , Schuftan David R. , Guo Jingxuan , Oguntuyo Kasoorelope , Ramahdita Ghiska , Munsell Mary K. , Kandalaft Brennan , Pear Missy , Huebsch Nathaniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEngineered heart tissues have been created to study cardiac biology and disease in a setting that more closely mimicsin-vivoheart muscle than 2D monolayer culture. Previously published studies suggest that geometrically anisotropic micro-environments are crucial for inducing “in vivo-like” physiology from immature cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that such anisotropic tissue geometries regulate tissue prestress, and that in turn this prestress is a major factor regulating cardiomyocytes’ electrophysiological development. Thus, we studied the effects of tissue geometry on electrophysiology of micro-heart muscle arrays (μHM) engineered from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Geometries predicted to increase tissue prestress not only affected cardiomyocyte structure, but also had profound effects on electrophysiology.Elongated geometries led to adaptations that yielded increased calcium intake during each contraction cycle. Strikingly, pharmacologic studies revealed a prestress threshold is required for sodium channel function, whereas L-type calcium and rapidly-rectifying potassium channels were largely insensitive. Analysis of RNA and protein levels suggest sodium channel activity changes were related to post-transcriptional, and potentially post-translational, changes. μHM formed from Plakophilin 2 (PKP2) knockout iPSC had a cellular structure similar to isogenic controls.However, these tissues exhibited no functional sodium current and an overall lesser degree of electrical remodeling in response to prestress. These results suggest that PKP2, a key component of the nascent desmosome, is crucial to transducing tissue prestress into physiologically beneficial electrical remodeling via activation of sodium channels.
Exploring Relationships between Functional Network Connectivity and Cognition with an Explainable Clustering Approach
Authors: Ellis Charles A. , Sancho Martina Lapera , Miller Robyn , Calhoun Vince 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe application of clustering algorithms to fMRI functional network connectivity (FNC) data has been extensively studied over the past decade. When applied to FNC, these analyses assign samples to an optimal number of groups without a priori assumptions. Through these groupings, studies have provided insights into the dynamics of network connectivity through the identification of different brain states and have identified subgroups of individuals with unique brain activity. However, the manner in which underlying brain networks influence the identified groups is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we apply k-means clustering to resting-state fMRI-based static FNC data collected from 37,784 healthy individuals. We identified 2 groups of individuals with statistically significant differences in cognitive performance in several test metrics. Then, by applying two different versions of G2PC, a global permutation feature importance approach, and logistic regression with elastic net regularization, we were able to identify the relative importance of brain network pairs and their underlying features to the resulting groups. Through these approaches, together with the visualization of centroids’ connectivity matrices, we were able to explain the observed differences in cognition in terms of specific key brain networks. We expect that our results will shed further light upon the effect of underlying brain networks on encountered cognitive differences between groups with unique brain activity.
Identification of pre-existing microbiome and metabolic vulnerabilities to escalation of oxycodone self-administration and identification of a causal role of short-chain fatty acids in addiction-like behaviors
Authors: Simpson Sierra , Kimbrough Adam , Peters Gregory , Wellmeyer Emma , Mclellan Rio , Walker Natalie , Jia Haoyu , Hu Sharon , Iyer Mohini , Sathish Varshini , Sedighim Sharona , Kallupi Marsida , Brennan Molly , Maturin Lisa , Hughes Talyn , Xie Tristin , Espinoza Veronika , Carrette Lieselot , Smith Lauren C. , Seaman Jonathan , Solberg Woods Leah C. , Palmer Abraham A. , DeGuglielmo Giordano , George Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe gut brain axis is thought to play a role in behavior and physiological responses through chemical, immunological, and metabolite signaling. Antibiotics, diet, and drugs can alter the transit time of gut contents as well as the makeup of the microbiome. Heterogeneity in genetics and environment are also well-known factors involved in the initiation and perpetuation of substance use disorders. Few viable genetic or biological markers are available to identify individuals who are at risk of escalating opioid intake. Primarily, the addiction field has focused on the nervous system, limiting the discovery of peripheral factors that contribute to addiction. To address this gap, we characterized the microbiome before and after drug exposure, and after antibiotics depletion in male and female heterogenous stock rats to determine if microbiome constituents are protective of escalation. We hypothesized that individuals that are prone to escalation of opioid self-administration will have distinct microbial and metabolic profiles. The fecal microbiome and behavioral responses were measured over several weeks of oxycodone self-administration and after antibiotic treatment. Antibiotic treatment reduces circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by depleting microbes that ferment fiber into these essential signaling molecules for the gut-brain axis. Depletion of the microbiome increased oxycodone self-administration in a subpopulation of animals (Responders). Supplementation of SCFAs in antibiotic depleted animals decreased elevated oxycodone self-administration. Phylogenetic functional analysis reveals distinct metabolic differences in the subpopulations of animals that are sensitive to antibiotic depletion and animals rescued by SCFA supplementation. In conclusion, this study identifies pre-existing microbiome and metabolic vulnerabilities to escalation of oxycodone self-administration, demonstrates that escalation of oxycodone self-administration dysregulates the microbiome and metabolic landscape, and identifies a causal role of short-chain fatty acids in addiction-like behaviors.
Efficient precision genome editing ofChlamydomonas reinhardtiiwith CRISPR/Cas
Authors: Nievergelt Adrian P. , Diener Dennis R. , Bogdanova Aliona , Pigino Gaia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCRISPR/Cas genome engineering in the unicellular green algal modelChlamydomonas reinhardtiihas until now only been applied to targeted gene disruption, whereas scar-less knock-in transgenesis has generally been considered infeasible. We have developed highly efficient homology-directed knock-in mutagenesis in cell-walled strains ofChlamydomonas. Our method allows scarless integration of fusion tags and sequence modifications of near arbitrary proteins without need for a preceding mutant line.
Exploring structural determinants and the role of nucleolin in formation of the long-range interaction between untranslated regions of p53 mRNA
Authors: Kiliszek Agnieszka , Rypniewski Wojciech , Błaszczyk Leszek 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTp53 protein is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis by coordinating framework of anti-proliferative pathways as a response to various stress factors. Although the main mechanism of stress-dependent induction of p53 protein relies on posttranslational modifications influencing its stability and activity, a growing number of evidences suggest that complex regulation of p53 expression occurs also at the mRNA level. This study explore structural determinants of long-range RNA-RNA interaction in p53 mRNA, crucial for stress-dependent regulation of p53 protein translation. We demonstrate that the eight nucleotide bulge motif plays a key structural role in base pairing of complementary sequences from the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions of p53 mRNA. We also show that one of the p53 translation regulators, nucleolin, displays an RNA chaperone activity and facilitates the association of sequences involved in the formation of long-range interaction in p53 mRNA. Mutational analysis reveal that all four RNA recognition motifs are indispensable for optimal RNA chaperone activity of nucleolin. These observations help to decipher the unique mechanism of p53 protein translation regulation pointing bulge motif and nucleolin as the critical factors during intramolecular RNA-RNA recognition in p53 mRNA.
Chlamydomonas Mutants Null for Chloroplast Triose Phosphate Transporter3 are Metabolically Compromised and Light Sensitive
Authors: Huang (黄伟超) Weichao , Krishnan Anagha , Plett Anastasija , Meagher Michelle , Linka Nicole , Wang Yongsheng , Ren Bijie , Findinier Justin , Redekop Petra , Fakhimi Neda , Kim Rick G. , Karns Devin A. , Boyle Nanette , Posewitz Matthew C. , Grossman Arthur R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractModulation of export of photoassimilates from the chloroplast is essential for controlling the distribution of fixed carbon in the cell and maintaining optimum photosynthetic rates. In this study we identified chloroplast triose phosphate/phosphate translocators 2 and 3 (CreTPT2 and CreTPT3) in the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtiithat exhibited similar substrate specificities but were differentially expressed over the diel cycle. We focused mostly on analyzing CreTPT3 because of its high level of expression and the severe phenotype exhibited bytpt3relative to thetpt2mutants. Null mutants for CreTPT3 had a pleiotropic phenotype that impacted growth, photosynthetic activities, metabolite profiles, carbon partitioning, and organelle-specific accumulation of H2O2. These analyses demonstrated that CreTPT3 is a dominant conduit on the chloroplast envelope for the transport of photoassimilate. In addition, CreTPT3 can serve as a safety valve that moves excess reductant out of the chloroplast and appears to be essential for preventing the cells from experiencing oxidative stress and accumulating of reactive oxygen species, even under low/moderate light intensities. Finally, our studies indicate subfunctionalization of the CreTPT transporters and suggest that there are differences in managing the export of photoassimilates from the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas and vascular plants.
Open ocean and coastal strains of the N2-fixing cyanobacterium UCYN-A have distinct transcriptomes
Authors: del Carmen Muñoz-Marín María , Magasin Jonathan D. , Zehr Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDecades of research on marine N2fixation focused onTrichodesmium, which are generally free-living cyanobacteria, but in recent years the endosymbiotic cyanobacteriumCandidatusAtelocyanobacterium thalassa (UCYN-A) has received increasing attention. However, few studies have shed light on the influence of the host versus the habitat on UCYN-A N2fixation and overall metabolism. Here we compared transcriptomes from natural populations of UCYN-A from oligotrophic open-ocean versus nutrient-rich coastal waters, using a microarray that targets the full genomes of UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A2 and known genes for UCYN-A3. We found that UCYN-A2, usually regarded as adapted to coastal environments, was transcriptionally very active in the open ocean and appeared to be less impacted by habitat change than UCYN-A1. Across habitats and sublineages, genes for N2fixation and energy production had high transcript levels, and, intriguingly, were among the minority of genes that kept the same schedule of diel expression. This might indicate different regulatory mechanisms for genes that are critical to the symbiosis for the exchange of nitrogen for carbon from the host. Our results underscore the importance of N2fixation in UCYN-A symbioses across habitats, with consequences for community interactions and global biogeochemical cycles.
Analyzing relative export competitiveness of Indian agricultural food products: a study of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables
Authors: Sharma Ashpreet , Kathuria Lalit Mohan , Kaur Tanveen 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Given the dominant share of India in global production of fruits and vegetables, this paper intends to analyze the export competitiveness of India and other major food exporters in the world trade. The purpose of this study is to examine export structure, substitutability and complementarity of selected fresh and processed fruits and vegetables of top ten food exporters for the period 2010-20.

Design/methodology/approach
Balassa’s (1965) revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index was used to measure RCA indices of selected fruits and vegetables under study. Also, revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) and normalized RCA (NRCA) indices have been calculated. Further, Spearman rank correlation coefficients were computed to analyze changes over the study period for India and other competing countries. The export data have been sourced from UN Comtrade, an electronic database of United Nations, as well as World Trade Statistical Review, a database of World Trade Organization. The analysis was undertaken at Harmonized System (HS) four-digit classification for the period 2010-20.

Findings
The results disclosed an improvement in India’s comparative advantage over the period of 2010-20 in HS 07 product category, whereas the advantage ceded to other competitive nations in HS 08 product category. Further, Spearman rank correlation coefficients revealed that India faces competition from countries like China, Indonesia, Brazil, Thailand, Argentina and European Union for HS 07 product category, while countries like Mexico, Indonesia, Brazil and Thailandare the major competitors of India in HS 08 product category.

Originality/value
The paper expands the existing agricultural trade literature in three ways. First, it is one of the very few studies that have analyzed RCA for Indian fresh and processed fruits and vegetables using three different types of indices, namely, Balassa’s RCA, RSCA and NRCA. Second, the authors provide a number of comparisons related to RCA for Indian fruits and vegetables with other top food exporters in the world for a period of 10 years (2010-20). Third, the authors contribute to agricultural trade literature by assessing the substitutability or complementarity of India in the export of fruits and vegetables with other competing nations by using Spearman rank correlation coefficients.
Spatiotemporal connectivity dynamics in spatially structured populations
Authors: Drake Joseph , Lambin Xavier , Sutherland Chris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConnectivity is a fundamental concept linking dispersal to the emergent dynamics and persistence of spatially structured populations. Functional measures of connectivity typically seek to integrate aspects of landscape structure and animal movement to describe ecologically meaningful connectedness at the landscape and population scale.Despite this focus on function, traditional measures of landscape connectivity assume it is a static property of the landscape, hence abstracting out the underlying spatiotemporal population dynamics. Connectivity is, arguably, a dynamic property of landscapes, and is inherently related to the spatial distribution of individuals and populations across the landscape. Static representations of connectivity potentially overlook this variation and therefore adopting a dynamic approach should offer improved insights about connectivity and associated ecological processes.Using a large‐scale, long‐term time series of occupancy data from a metapopulation of water volesArvicola amphibius, we tested competing hypotheses about how considering the dynamic nature of connectivity improves the ability of spatially explicit occupancy models to recover population dynamics. Iteratively relaxing standing assumptions of connectivity metrics, these models ranged from spatially and temporally fixed connectivity metrics that are widely applied, to the more flexible, but lesser used model that allowed temporally varying connectivity measures that incorporate spatiotemporally dynamic patch occupancy states.Our results provide empirical evidence that demographic weighting using patch occupancy dynamics and temporal variability in connectivity measures are important for describing metapopulation dynamics.We highlight the implications of commonly held assumption in connectivity modelling and demonstrate how they result in different and highly variable predictions of metapopulation capacity. Thus, we argue that the concept of connectivity and its potential applications would benefit from recognizing inherent spatiotemporal variation in connectivity that is explicitly linked to underlying ecological state variables.
Leaf enzyme plays a more important role in leaf nitrogen resorption efficiency than soil properties along an elevation gradient
Authors: Liu Bai , Gao Decai , Chang Qing , Liu Ziping , Fan Xianlei , Meng Di , Bai Edith 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) resorption is a strategy for plant N conservation through which plants withdraw N from senescing leaves prior to litterfall and its underlying mechanisms are important for better understanding of N cycling. However, most current studies focused on the impacts of soil and leaf nutrients on leaf N resorption efficiency (NRE), and plant physiological regulation that is species dependent is still unclear.

Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the variations of leaf NRE along an altitudinal gradient in a temperate forest of Northeastern China.

Results showed that leaf NRE of Quercus mongolica and Fraxinus mandshurica increased with altitude, while leaf NRE of Tilia amurensis, Acer mono and Acer pseudosieboldianum exhibited an opposite trend, although the relationships were not significant for F. mandshurica and A. mono. The inconsistent responses of leaf NRE of different species to increasing altitude were primarily due to the effect of leaf Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme responsible for N translocation. Leaf GDH activity in senescing leaves explained the variation of NRE more than soil and climate factors did, suggesting that different plant species had different physiological regulation strategies for their N conservation under similar environment.

Synthesis. Our study highlights the role of leaf enzyme as a pivotal regulator of leaf NRE and helps us better understand and predict N cycling under climate change in forest ecosystems.
Modelling emotion, perfecting heart: disassembling technologies of affect with an android bodhisattva in Japan
Authors: White Daniel , Katsuno Hirofumi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs part of a surge in technologies with so‐called ‘artificial emotional intelligence’, robotics engineers and Buddhist monks in Japan have developed an android bodhisattva to deliver teachings at a popular Zen temple. Like many recent robots in Japan, the android is designed to impact visitors’ feelings. For this reason, it can be called a ‘technology of affect’. In order to communicate how new affective technologies are facilitating intimacy in human‐machine relations in Japan, we employ the concept of ‘disassembling’. By conceptuallydisassemblingtechnologies of affect and placing them in performative contexts, we show how technologies of affect alsodisassembleestablished associations between artificial agents and the feelings they evoke in popular imaginaries. We argue that identifying these disassembling processes helps demonstrate how emerging AI technologies can engender social change at the level of affect through evocative depictions of machine emotion.
BmMD‐2A responds to 20‐hydroxyecdysone and regulates Bombyx mori silkworm innate immunity in larva‐to‐pupa metamorphosis
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Chen Xue , Wang Yuan , Bai Xu , Yang Qiong , Zhong Yangjin , Yu Xiao‐Qiang , Jin Fengliang , Yang Wanying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract20E‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) plays important roles in larval molting and metamorphosis in insects and is also involved in the insect innate immune response. Insect metamorphosis is a highly successful strategy for environmental adaptation and is the most vulnerable stage during which the insect is susceptible to various pathogens. 20E regulates a series of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) through the immunodeficiency (IMD) pathway activation in Drosophila; nevertheless, whether other immune pathways are involved in 20E‐regulated insect immunity is unknown. Our previous studies showed that BmMD‐2A is a member of the MD‐2‐related lipid recognition (ML) family of proteins that are involved in the Bombyx mori innate immunity Toll signaling pathway. In this study, we further demonstrate that BmMD‐2A is also positively regulated by 20E, and the BmMD‐2A neutralization experiment suggested that 20E activates some downstream immune effect factors, the AMP genes against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, through the regulation of BmMD‐2A in larval metamorphosis, implying that B. mori may use the Toll‐ML signaling pathway to maintain innate immune balance in the larval‐pupal metamorphosis stage, which is a different innate immunity pathway regulated by 20E compared to the IMD pathway in Drosophila.
Do Audit Teams Affect Audit Production and Quality? Evidence from Audit Teams' Industry Knowledge*
Authors: Cahan Steven F. , Che Limei , Knechel W. Robert , Svanström Tobias 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine how the extent and distribution of industry knowledge within an audit team affect audit outcomes. While prior research examining the role of auditors' industry knowledge focuses mainly on audit firms, audit offices, and audit partners, audits are conducted by audit teams. Using an audit framework and proprietary data from a Big 4 firm that includes audit hours for each team member, we find that Big 4 audit teams with higher average industry knowledge are associated with more audit effort. In contrast, we find mixed evidence on the relation between the average hourly internal cost rate and team knowledge. Furthermore, we find that balanced teams, which have at least one team member who qualifies as an industry specialist at both the senior rank and junior rank, produce higher‐quality audits than teams that have no specialists. In contrast, the audit quality of unbalanced teams, which have a specialist at the senior rank but not the junior rank or vice versa, is not statistically different than teams with no specialists. Overall, our evidence suggests that both the extent and distribution of industry knowledge within a team matter for audit production and that industry knowledge is utilized more effectively when it is spread throughout the team. The findings have useful implications for audit firms and regulators regarding how team composition and industry knowledge affect audit outcomes.