bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undersköterskors perspektiv på att främja fysisk aktivitet hos personer på demensboende
Authors: Kubicka Anna , Kåreholt Ingemar 
Published: March 2022

Studien undersöker undersköterskors uppfattningar om att främja fysisk aktivitet hos personer på demensboende. Vi gjorde individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio undersköterskor och bearbetade det insamlade materialet med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysen ledde fram till fyra kategorier av uppfattningar: attityder påverkar möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet kunskap och samverkan ger förutsättningar att lyckas omgivningen påverkar möjligheter till fysisk aktivitet demens är en sjukdom och det finns en person bakom Undersköterskorna anser att det är viktigt att vara engagerad och kompetent, samt att vissa personliga egenskaper är särskilt gynnsamma för att lyckas i arbetet. Genom ett individanpassat arbetssätt kan fysisk aktivitet främjas trots hinder skapade av demenssjukdom. Samverkan kring personen med demens underlättar och god fysisk miljö ökar tillgängligheten till aktivitet. Tillräcklig bemanning är en förutsättning för att kunna främja fysisk aktivitet. Nursing assistants’ perception of promoting physical activity in care-homes specialised in dementia The study investigates nursing assistants’ perception of promoting physical activity in people living in care-homes specialized in dementia. We conducted nine individual semi-structured interviews. The collected material was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis lead up to four categories of perceptions: staffs’ attitudes affect opportunities for physical activity knowledge and cooperation give presumptions to succeed the environment affects the opportunities for physical activity dementia is is a disease and there is a person behind the disease The nursing assistants perceive that commitment and perseverance are required and that certain personal qualities are particularly favourable for success. A person-centered approach is needed to overcome obstacles created by the disease. Cooperation as well as having the opportunity to receive support facilitates and a suitable physical environment increases accessibility to activity. Sufficient staffing is essential to be able to promote physical activity.
A EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PEDOMAN WHO 2010 TENTANG PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV DARI IBU KE BAYI DI PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN KOJA JAKARTA UTARA
Authors: Karim Ulfah Nuraini 
Published: March 2022

WHO selama 2 dekade terakhir telah menitikberatkan dampak HIV pada ibu dan bayi yang tinggal di daerah yang terbatas sumber daya kesehatan. Intervensi yang paling krusial sepanjang rangkaian perawatan adalah terapi antiretroviral (ART). WHO pada tahun 2010 merevisi pedoman dan menawarkan 2 opsi: opsi A dan opsi B. Bawah opsi A, wanita hamil dengan CD4 ≥ 350 sel / mL terima ART profilaksis mulai usia kehamilan 14 minggu hingga 1 minggu postpartum, nevirapine dosis tunggal (NVP) saat persalinan, dan lamivudine harian dari persalinan sampai 1 minggu pascapersalinan. Di bawah opsi B, semua wanita menerima ART tiga jenis obat dari usia kehamilan 14 minggu melalui penghentian menyusui, dan bayi menerima NVP atau AZT setiap hari. Penelitian kuantitatif ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kohort
menganalisa penerapan Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Pedoman WHO Revisi Pasca 2010 Tentang Pencegahan Penularan HIV Dari Ibu Ke Bayi yang dilakukan di puskesmas Koja Jakarta Utara. Populasi dalam penelitian ini petugas kesehatan di wilayah Puskesmas Kecamatan Koja Jakarta Utara. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan hasil anamnesa dan catatan medis. Dalam analisis data melalui tahap analisis univariat dan analsisa bivariat peneliti akan menggunakan uji Spearman Rank (Rho). Hasil penelitian Pelaksanaan Revisi (Pasca 2010) Pedoman Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia Tentang Pencegahan Penularan HIV Dari Ibu Ke Bayi cukup sebanyak 18 responden (65,62%), baik sebanyak 11 responden.
Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan pencegahan penularan HIV AIDS ibu-ke- bayi sehingga dapat tercapai strategi dan rencaan aksi penanngulangan HIV AIDS di Indonesia.
Understandings of Syllogisms in Ontogeny and History: The Contributions of J. Piaget, A. R. Luria, M. Cole, and S. Scribner in Comparison
Authors: Oesterdiekhoff Georg W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
J. Piaget described how children first elaborate elementary, then empirical and finally logical deductions. A. R. Luria was one of the first to show that illiterate adults of premodern cultures exhibit no understanding of the syllogisms that presuppose logical deductions. He listed the explanatory factors that Piaget had also listed. An American research group led by M. Cole and S. Scribner repeated the syllogistic studies Luria had conducted. Although the results were replicated in different developmental regions and were consistent with Piaget and Luria's considerations, Cole and Scribner interpreted the results differently. They first confirmed the validity of the explanatory approach of Piaget and Luria. But then, in a second step, they withdrew this confirmation. According to their view, the test subjects did not want to deal with the logical problems because they considered other things to be more important. Finally, Cole and Scribner interpreted the answers in such a way that they might contain the same logical, abstract, and theoretical ability that is found in the answers that express an understanding of syllogisms. The present article reconstructs the argumentations of these three schools and criticizes the latter one.
Development of project activities in small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan
Authors: Мукан Б. , Саркамбаева Ш.Г. 
Published: March 2022

Малый и средний бизнес (МСБ) вносят ключевой вклад в экономику страны с точки зрения трудоустройства, инноваций и роста. Развитие проектной деятельности может сыграть значительную роль в содействии этому вкладу, но МСБ требуют менее бюрократических форм управления проектами, чем те, которые используются более крупными традиционными орга-низациями. В этой статье проводится исследование для определения характера управления проек-тами требуемого МСБ, и результаты исследования представлены в данной статье.Полученные результаты очень убедительно свидетельствуют о том, что МСБ нуждаются в “облегченной” версии управления проектами.
Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) make a key contribution to the coun-try's economy in terms of employment, innovation and growth. The development of project activi-ties can play a significant role in facilitating this contribution, but SMEs require less bureaucratic forms of project management than those used by larger traditional organizations. This article pre-sents a study to determine the nature of project management required by SMEs, and its results. The research findings very strongly suggest that SMEs need a "lightweight" version of project manage-ment.
Метод машинного обучения для обратных задач теплопроводности
Authors: Keneskyzy K. , Yeskermes S.B. 
Published: March 2022

Investigated in this work is the potential of carrying out inverse problems with linear and non-linear behavior using machine learning methods and the neural network method. With the advent of ma-chine learning algorithms it is now possible to model inverse problems faster and more accurately. In order to demonstrate the use of machine learning and neural networks in solving inverse problems, we propose a fusion between computational mechanics and machine learning. The forward problems are solved first to create a database. This database is then used to train the machine learning and neural network algorithms.The trained algorithm is then used to determine the boundary conditions of a problem from assumed meas-urements. The proposed method is tested for the linear/non-linear heat conduction problems in which the boundary conditions are determined by providing three, four, and five temperature measurements. This re-search demonstrates that the proposed fusion of computational mechanics and machine learning is an effec-tive way of tackling complex inverse problems.
В данной работе исследуется потенциал решения обратных задач с ли-нейным и нелинейным поведением с использованием методов машинного обучения и нейросетевого метода. С появлением алгоритмов машинного обучения стало возможным мо-делировать обратные задачи быстрее и точнее. Чтобы продемонстрировать, что машинное обучение и нейронная сеть могут быть использованы при решении обратных задач, мы пред-лагаем слияние вычислительной механики и машинного обучения. Передние задачи решают-ся в первую очередь для создания базы данных. Эта база данных используется для обучения алгоритмов машинного обучения и нейронных сетей. Обученный алгоритмиспользуется для определения граничных условий задачи по предполагаемым измерениям. Предложенный ме-тод апробирован для линейных/нелинейных задач теплопроводности, в которых граничные условия определяются путем проведения трех, четырех и пяти измерений температуры. Это исследование показывает, что предложенное слияние вычислительной механики имашинно-го обучения является эффективным способом.
The Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Subtrochanteric Osteotomy in Crowe Type IV Hip Dysplasia: A Comparison of Three Different Stem Designs
Authors: Zha Guo-Chun , Wang Yong , Zhang Kai , Guo Zhuo-Tao , Luo Jun-Wei , Guo Kai-Jin , Sun Jun-Ying 
Published: March 2022

Aims:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes among three different stem designs for subtrochanteric osteotomy in Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was undertaken from a consecutive series of 37 Crowe type IV DDHs treatment of noncemented total hip arthroplasty with chevron subtrochanteric osteotomy in 30 patients. Patients are divided into three groups, including Ribbed group (using Link Ribbed stem; n = 14), Synergy group (using Synergy stem; n = 9), and Link Classic Uncemented (LCU) group (using LCU stem; n = 14), according to the design of the stem. The clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated.

Results:
All patients were followed for 36 months. The time of bone union of the LCU stem was significantly longer than that of the Synergy stem (P = 0.02) and the Ribbed stem (P > 0.05); the time of bone union of the Ribbed stem was longer than that of the Synergy stem (P > 0.05). The length of stem in the distal femur of the Ribbed stem (P = 0.000) and the Synergy stem (P = 0.001) is significantly longer than that of the LCU stem. There were three hips with malunion, stem loosening, and varus alignment, which were observed in the LCU stem. None of these were observed in Ribbed and Synergy stems. In total hip arthroplasty with a noncemented stem combined with subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy for Crowe IV DDH, 89.2% hips (33/37) can achieve good and excellent clinical outcomes. There were three hips (1 hip in the Ribbed stem and two in the LCU stem) with fair clinical outcomes and one hip (LCU stem) with poor clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:
Although Ribbed, Synergy, and LCU stems have similar clinical outcomes, the LCU stem has a tendency to a varus position, longer union time, malunion, and stem loosening, when compared with the Ribbed and Synergy stems. We recommend against adoption of the LCU stem for Crowe IV DDH with subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, therapeutic study
Gambaran Peran Tokoh Masyarakat Terkait Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Covid-19
Authors: Anitatul Fijriah  , Lilis Sulistiya Nengrum  , Sena Wahyu Purwanza  
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan: COVID-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan gangguan sistem pernafasan, mulai dari gejala yang ringan seperti flu, hingga infeksi paru-paru seperti pneumonia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran peran tokoh masyarakat terkait upaya pencegahan penyebaran covid-19 di Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuatitatif dengan teknik sampling yang digunakan total sampling. Besaran sampel sebanyak 84 responden.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peran tokoh masyarakat kurang baik (59.6%) dan perilaku baik (79.8%).
Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa peran tokoh masyarakat dalam pencegahan Covid-19 masih kurang baik akan tetapi perilakunya sudah baik dalam mencegah penyebaran Covid-19. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat meneliti terkait stigma pada penyintas Covid-19.
Metode Komunikasi dengan Pendekatan SBAR Terhadap Keselamatan Pasien : Studi Literatur
Authors: Elvi zuhriyatul wachidah  , Cesario Tesa Priantoro  , Sena Wahyu Purwanza  
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang : Keselamatan pasien (patient safety) merupakan suatu sistem yang diterapkan di Rumah Sakit dengan tujuan memberikan kenyamanan pasien dalam proses perawatan. Salah satu metode komunikasi yang efektif adalah menggunakan pendekatan Situation Background Assessment Recommendation (SBAR) untuk mencapai keterampilan berfikir kritis dan menghemat waktu selama proses perawatan. Pendekatan SBAR terbukti menjadi alat yang digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi yang dianggap efektif dalam pengaturan perawatan pasien yang bersifat akut dan urgent. Review ini bertujuan untuk menemukan metode komunikasi yang efektif dalam mengurangi atau menekan angka insiden keselamatan pasien, meningkatkan mutu pelayanan dan meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan.
Metode : Studi ini menggunakan literature review dengan metode pencarian jurnal menggunakan database google scholar dan elsevier. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian pada google scholar yaitu perawat, keselamatan pasien dan komunikasi efektif, sedangkan untuk database elsevier menggunakan kata kunci nursing, patient safety, effective communication. Batasan penelusuran yang dilakukan dengan mencari artikel asli, bahasa indonesia dan bahasa inggris serta tahun 2016-2021. Didapatkan 213 artikel dari semua basis data, 180 google scholar dan 33 elsevier.
Hasil : Peneliti menemukan 13 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil literatur review menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi efektif dengan menggunakan pendekatan SBAR mampu mengurangi kesalahan dalam berkomunikasi antar tenaga kesehatan maupun tenaga kesehatan dengan pasien sehingga dapat mencegah kejadian tidak diinginkan. Oleh karena itu, komunikasi efektif dengan pendekatan SBAR juga dapat meningkatan mutu pelayanan Rumah Sakit dan meningkatkan kepuasan pasien.
Kesimpulan : metode komunikasi efektif dengan pendekatan SBAR diharapkan dapat menjadi sebuat metode komunikasi yang dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan, mengurangi insiden keselamatan pasien dan mencegah terjadinya kejadian yang tidak diinginkan, serta dapat berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien dan loyalitas perawat.
Construint el camí de la informació al cos humà per explicar la regulació de la temperatura corporal amb infants de primària.
Authors: Dalmau Portulas Fàtima , Amat Arnau 
Published: March 2022

Es presenta una experiència feta amb infants de cicle mitjà de primària per investigar com el cos humà regula la temperatura corporal. La situació de pandèmia actual, amb la pràctica habitual de prendre la temperatura a les nenes i als nens abans d’entrar a l’escola és el context que inicia la investigació. A partir d’aquí, les nenes i els nens observen que la temperatura corporal es manté estable, encara que posem el cos en ambients freds o calents, però també que el cos reacciona davant dels canvis de temperatura de l’exterior. Amb l’objectiu de poder explicar una d’aquestes reaccions, es construeix una maqueta per explicar com funciona el sentit del tacte, en concret, com la informació circula des del medi fins al Sistema Nervios Central per tal d’elaborar una resposta. Finalment, a partir d’allò treballat amb el sentit del tacte, les nenes i els nens construeixen noves representacions per explicar una de les reaccions corporals per regular la temperartura, la producció de suor.
Crack Classification in Steel-RC and GFRP-RC Beams with Varying Reinforcement Ratio Using AE Parameters
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Sharma Shruti , Kumar Sharma Sandeep 
Published: March 2022

The main aim of this chapter is to monitor the cracking and damage assessment in steel-reinforced concrete (steel-RC) and glass fibre polymer-reinforced concrete (GFRP-RC) beams along with varying percentages of tension reinforcement ratio. Beam specimens measuring (150 × 230 × 2100) mm were tested using a four-point bending flexural test using a universal testing machine together with an AE monitoring system. Acoustic emission (AE) has been applied for the early monitoring of steel-RC and GFRP-RC structures using AE parameters such as cumulative AE hits, average frequency, rise angle, amplitude, duration and AE XY plots to evaluate the micro and macro cracking in the steel-RC and GFRP-RC beams specimens. The most popular applications of AE signal in structural health monitoring are specified on crack monitoring, quantifying the degree of damage, and crack classification. In this research, the results indicated that the average frequency and rise angle parameter of AE signal are applied to classify the types of cracks (flexural or shear cracks) that occur in steel-RC and GFRP-RC beams along with varying percentages of tension reinforcement ratio subjected to flexural loading. As a result of these findings, the AE approach may be used to examine crack monitoring and crack classification in steel and GFRP-RC beams with different percentages of tension reinforcement ratios.
Crop Biotechnology and Smallholder Farmers in Africa
Authors: Gebre Kedisso Endale , Barro Nicolas , Chimphepo Lilian , Elagib Tahani , Gidado Rose , Mbabazi Ruth , Oloo Bernard , Maredia Karim 
Published: March 2022

The tools of genetic engineering and modern biotechnology offer great potential to enhance agricultural productivity, food and nutritional security, and livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in Africa. Large and long-term investments have been made in several countries in Africa to access, develop, and commercialize safe biotechnology crops derived through modern biotechnology. This chapter presents case studies of biotechnology applications and progresses achieved in six countries in Sub-Saharan Africa including Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sudan, and Uganda targeting to address biotic and abiotic constraints faced by smallholder farmers and malnutrition. Based on the past 20 years of experience, the chapter identifies constraints, challenges, and opportunities for taking safe biotechnology crops to smallholder farmers in Africa.
Training Models for Skull-Base and Vascular Micro-Neurosurgery
Authors: Spetzger Uwe , Etingold Julie , von Schilling Andrej 
Published: March 2022

This overview presents computer-based augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) tools, in-vitro and in-vivo models as useful teaching tools for neurosurgical training, especially in skull-base surgery. An easy set-up and practicable training model for ventricular drainage (VD) is demonstrated. The model allows to evaluate practices, pitfalls and traceability in a virtual but realistic set-up for simulating VD placement. Computer-assisted planning and simulation of skull-base approaches and integration within the daily neurosurgical routine with VR and AR models are discussed for neurosurgical education. A set-up for microvascular training on a plastic rat and a specific vascular anastomosis practice kit with different tube diameters of 1–3 mm of specific plastic vessels for the training of microvascular anastomoses is shown. End-to-end and end-to-side anastomoses were performed with different levels of difficulty, trying to simulate realistic conditions in bypass surgery. Additionally, the teaching strategy of experimental silicone aneurysm clipping in a 3D printed plastic skull and silicone brain model is demonstrated in video sequences. An experimental animal model with microsurgically created bifurcation aneurysms is discussed because this training model for clip occlusion of aneurysms on a living object, still has the greatest relevance to neurosurgical reality.
Antenatal Corticosteroids and Magnesium Sulfate in Twin Pregnancy for the Prevention of Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Elito Jr Julio , Goldani Shuai Micheli 
Published: March 2022

The use of corticosteroids is one of the most important therapies used in prenatal care to improve the outcomes of the newborn by reducing the rates of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and contribute to the survival of extreme preterm infants. In addition to steroids, the use of magnesium sulfate protects the newborn from cerebral palsy in cases of extreme preterm births. All of these conditions increase perinatal morbidity/mortality and are related to potentially serious illness in the newborn requiring care in neonatal intensive units. The use of corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate are measured to prevent unfavorable outcomes of premature newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. The incidence of twin pregnancy is only 3% of all live births, however, it accounts for 15% of extreme preterm births less than 32 weeks. Women with multiple pregnancies are six times more likely to terminate the pregnancy before term compared to single pregnancies. The determination of the use of corticosteroids in multiple pregnancies remains conflicting due to the scarcity of studies related to this group. Therefore, this chapter aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of corticosteroids in twin pregnancies in early and late preterm, evaluating its outcome in respiratory morbidity and metabolic aspects of the newborn.
Diagnostic Intravascular Imaging Modalities for Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
Authors: Tsukamoto Yasumasa , Watanabe Takuya , Mochizuki Hiroki , Shimojima Masaya , Hada Tasuku , Fukushima Satsuki , Fujita Tomoyuki , Seguchi Osamu 
Published: March 2022

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is one of the major factors limiting long-term survival after heart transplantation (HTX). Typically, concentric vascular thickening and fibrosis with marked intimal proliferation are found in CAV. Most of HTX patients often remain free from symptoms of typical angina. Therefore, surveillance diagnostic exams are often performed. The gold standard of diagnosing CAV is coronary angiography (CAG). However, CAG can often be a less sensitive modality for the detection of diffuse concentric lesions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is helpful for direct imaging of vessel walls and provides useful information about coronary intimal thickening; however, it is difficult to evaluate plaque morphology in detail. Optimal coherence tomography (OCT), which delivers high resolution of 10 μm, can provide more details on plaque morphology than conventional imaging modalities. Recently, OCT imaging revealed new insight in CAV such as the development of atherosclerotic lesions and complicated coronary lesions. We review the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis of CAV, with a particular focus on diagnostic intravascular imaging modalities.