bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerostin Protects Against Vascular Calcification Development in Mice
Authors: De Maré Annelies , Opdebeeck Britt , Neven Ellen , D’Haese Patrick C. , Verhulst Anja 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Sclerostin is a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is, therefore, an important inhibitor of bone formation and turnover. Because ectopic vascular calcification develops in a similar way to bone formation, one might reasonably attribute a role to sclerostin in this pathological process. Ectopic calcification, especially vascular calcification, importantly contributes to mortality in elderly and patients with diabetes, osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension. The central players in this ectopic calcification process are the vascular smooth muscle cells that undergo dedifferentiation and thereby acquire characteristics of bonelike cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that depletion/deactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor sclerostin may promote the development of ectopic calcifications through stimulation of bone-anabolic effects at the level of the arteries. We investigated the role of sclerostin (encoded by the Sost gene) during vascular calcification by using either Sost−/− mice or anti-sclerostin antibody. Sost−/− and wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J background) were administered an adenine-containing diet to promote the development of CKD-induced vascular calcification. Calcifications developed more extensively in the cardiac vessels of adenine-exposed Sost−/− mice, compared to adenine-exposed WT mice. This could be concluded from the cardiac calcium content as well as from cardiac tissue sections on which calcifications were visualized histochemically. In a second experiment, DBA/2J mice were administered a warfarin-containing diet to induce vascular calcifications in the absence of CKD. Here, warfarin exposure led to significantly increased aortic and renal tissue calcium content. Calcifications, which were present in the aortic medial layer and renal vessels, were significantly more pronounced when warfarin treatment was combined with anti-sclerostin antibody treatment. This study demonstrates a protective effect of sclerostin during vascular calcification. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Sclerostin, a well-known inhibitor of physiological bone formation, protects against vascular calcification development in mice. A significantly increased calcium content was observed in: (i) cardiac vessels of Sost−/− mice versus WT mice, after induction of renal failure and (ii) aorta and renal vessels of anti-sclerostin antibody-treated versus vehicle-treated mice.
Persistence of a youth organizing initiative: Cultivating and sustaining a leadership development ecosystem
Authors: Christens Brian D. , Morgan Kathryn Y. , Cosio Melissa , Dolan Tom , Aguayo Rocio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractYouth organizing can generate tangible improvements in community conditions and institutions while simultaneously promoting positive development among participants and contributing to broader movements for social change. Yet, organizing initiatives must navigate an array of challenges as they seek to continuously engage new leaders to build on the accomplishments of their predecessors who are aging out of youth organizing. This study examines the leadership development ecosystem enabling an exemplary youth organizing initiative to persist, expand, and enhance its impact over 15 years. Analyses of interviews with 19 adolescent and young adult participants reveal that engagement often begins before high school and continues long afterward, with more established older leaders playing a variety of roles to engage younger participants and support their development as leaders. Findings suggest practical strategies that can enhance the sustainability of these initiatives, which are key to the development and exercise of youth power for social justice.
Impact of Covid‐19 on dental hygiene educators: A national survey
Authors: Arnett Michelle C. , Ramaswamy Vidya , Evans Michael D. , Rulli Danielle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on dental hygiene (DH) educators’ perception of personal and professional burnout and efficacy in the online/hybrid learning environment.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of DH faculty members from 327 United States entry level DH programs was invited to participate in this study. A 36 item survey was disseminated in Qualtricsxm March 2021. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to measure personal, work‐related, and burnout related to working with students. The Michigan Nurse Educators Sense of Efficacy for Online Teaching instrument was used to measure efficacy in online/hybrid learning.ResultsThe survey had an institutional response rate of 46%. Personal burnout scores had a significantly higher mean as compared to work‐related and burnout working with students’ scores. A majority (66%) of respondents reported often feeling tired. Only personal burnout scores had a significant negative correlation with teaching efficacy scores. Administrators/program directors and full‐time faculty had significantly higher mean personal and work‐related burnout scores as compared to part‐time/adjunct clinical faculty. There were no significant differences in teaching efficacy scores by faculty position and institutional setting.ConclusionCOVID‐19 had significant impact on full‐time DH educators’ personal and professional burnout levels. Full‐time administrators/program directors/DH educators reported higher levels of personal burnout. It seems that personal burnout has a negative relationship with teaching efficacy. Faculty position rather than institution impacted personal burnout. Despite personal and professional burnout, DH faculty reported low‐levels of burnout related to working with students.
COVID‐19 pandemic and inflammatory bowel disease from patients' perspective: A survey from COVID epicenter in India
Authors: Kale Aditya , Shinde Leela , Sundaram Sridhar , Patra Biswa R , Rao Praveen K , Irtaza Mohd , Shukla Akash 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimThe COVID pandemic and countrywide lockdown has had significant impact on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with delay in diagnosis, difficulty in access to healthcare and unavailability of drugs. We conducted a telephonic survey to assess this impact.MethodsOut of 350, 302 participated in the survey. Demographic data, disease severity at the time of survey, extent of disease, details of therapy, and adherence were noted. A validated questionnaire addressing information source, perception of COVID‐19 situation, contact with healthcare, and adherence to standard precautions was administered telephonically.ResultsOut of 350 contacted patients, 302 (86.28%) patients participated in the survey. Median age of cohort was 39 years. Ulcerative colitis (UC) constituted 79%, 16% Crohn's disease (CD), and 5% IBD‐unclassified. At the time of survey, 86.98% patients with UC were in clinical remission and 75.75% of CD patients were generally well. A total of 115 (38%) cases were nonadherent to therapy due to unavailability of medicines (66.38%), financial constraints (25.21%) and inability to reach healthcare facility (3.6%). Disease flare was seen in 14.2% and correlated well with nonadherence. Existing drug therapy was switched to alternative drug in 70 (23.17%) cases due to unavailability (74%). Social media (52.3%) and television (40.4%) were the common sources of information about the pandemic. Telemedicine platforms (WhatsApp and telephone) were used by 180 (59.6%) patients for consultation with good acceptance (81.6%). 87 (28.8%) patients failed to contact healthcare. Apprehension regarding severe COVID infection was noted in 80% while 29% thought that IBD therapy could increase infection risk. Adherence to wearing mask, hand washing, and social distancing was 100%.ConclusionPandemic resulted in disruption of healthcare visits and medication supply. Majority were concerned about increased risk of COVID‐19 infection and adhered to standard precautions. Mobile phone‐based formats for patient care may be an alternative due to patient acceptance and convenience.
Virologic non‐suppression and early loss to follow up among pregnant and non‐pregnant adolescents aged 15–19 years initiating antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nyakato Patience , Schomaker Michael , Fatti Geoffrey , Tanser Frank , Euvrard Jonathan , Sipambo Nosisa , Fox Matthew P. , Haas Andreas D. , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Davies Mary‐Ann , Cornell Morna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionOlder adolescents aged 15–19 years continue to have high rates of loss to follow up (LTFU), and high rates of virologic non‐suppression (VNS) compared to younger adolescents and adults. Adolescent females are at risk of pregnancy, which puts those living with HIV at a dual vulnerability. Our study assessed the factors associated with VNS and LTFU in older adolescents (including pregnant females) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa.MethodsWe included adolescents aged 15–19 years initiating ART between 2004 and 2019, with ≥ one viral load (VL) measurement between 4 and 24.5 months, and ≥ 6 months follow‐up, from six South African cohorts of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS‐Southern Africa (IeDEA‐SA). We defined VNS as VL ≥400 copies/ml and LTFU as not being in care for ≥180 days from ART start and not known as transferred out of the clinic or dead in the first 24 months on ART. We examined factors associated with VNS and LTFU using Fine&Gray competing risk models.ResultsWe included a total of 2733 adolescents, 415 (15.2%) males, median (IQR) age at ART start of 18.6 (17.3, 19.4) years. Among females, 585/2318 (25.2%) were pregnant. Over the 24‐month follow‐up, 424 (15.5%) of all adolescents experienced VNS: range (11.1% pregnant females and 20.5% males). Over half of all adolescents were LTFU before any other event could occur. The hazard of VNS reduced with increasing age and CD4 count above 200 cells/μl at ART initiation among all adolescents having adjusted for all measured patient characteristics [adjusted sub‐distribution hazard ratio (aSHR) 19 vs. 15 years: 0.50 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.68), aSHR: >500 vs. ≤200 cells/μl: 0.22 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.31)]. The effect of CD4 count persisted in pregnant females. Increasing age and CD4 count >200 cells/μl were risk factors for LTFU among all adolescents.ConclusionsOlder adolescents had a high risk of LTFU shortly after ART start and a low risk of VNS, especially those initiating treatment during pregnancy. Interventions addressing adherence and retention should be incorporated into adolescent‐friendly services to prevent VNS and LTFU and endeavour to trace lost adolescents as soon as they are identified.
The utilization of atrial sensing dipole in single lead implantable cardioverter defibrillator for detection of new‐onset atrial high‐rate episodes or subclinical atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pung Xuanming , Hong Daniel Zhihao , Ho Tzyy Yeou , Shen Xiayan , Tan Pei Ting , Yeo Colin , Tan Vern Hsen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the performance of atrial sensing dipole in single lead implantable cardioverter defibrillator (VDD‐ICD) recipients in particular diagnosing new‐onset atrial high‐rate episodes (AHREs) defined as rate threshold of 200 beats per minute, or subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) defined as device‐detected AF without symptoms. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies comparing contemporary single‐ and dual‐chamber ICD (VVI‐/DDD‐ICD) versus VDD‐ICD were included. Restricted maximum likelihood method for random effect model and Mantel‐Haenszel method for fixed effect model were used to estimate the effect size of new‐onset AHREs, or SCAF detection in each group. Three prospective studies were identified and total of 991 participants were included. There were 330 (33.3%) in VDD‐ICD and 661 (66.7%) in VVI‐/DDD‐ICD. Most (78%) participants were men. Median follow‐up was from 365 days to 847 days. VDD‐ICD has a higher likelihood of detecting AHREs or SCAF as compared to VVI‐/DDD‐ICD [(OR random effect : 2.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 5.8; p = .018); I‐squared = 67.8%, p = .019]. This difference was more apparently seen in the comparison between VDD‐ICD and VVI‐ICD [(OR random effect: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.1, 6.6, p < .001), I‐squared = 0.0%, p = .518]. The result is same as fixed effect. Rate of AHREs detection observed in VDD‐ICD was not statistically different when compared to the only group with DDD‐ICD from SENSE trial. In conclusion, this meta‐analysis reveals that the use of floating atrial sensing dipole in VDD‐ICD increases the detection of new‐onset AHREs or SCAF when compared to VVI‐ICD, with similar atrial sensing performance to DDD‐ICD.
Optically pumped and matrix‐assisted anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Song Si Won , Jang Jin Il , Park Chan Ryang , Kim Hyung Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy is an excellent method to suppress optical backgrounds from Raman scatters and surrounding materials, even in electronic resonance conditions. The upshift of scattered light can avoid the fluorescence or phosphorescence that is usually red‐shifted with respect to the excitation wavelength. However, this method's competence is circumscribed by its low scattering efficiency, which results from an insufficient population of upper vibrational states that obey temperature‐dependent Boltzmann statistics. To overcome this limitation, we propose that the mode‐selective absorption of overtone or combination vibrations leads to enhanced anti‐Stokes Raman scattering under simultaneous optical pumping and Raman excitation. In this work, we applied near‐infrared (NIR) pumping resonant with vibrational overtones of nonfluorescent systems. Vibrationally resonant pumping is efficient for population transfer, and the excess energy is thermodynamically distributed over all fundamental vibrations. Furthermore, we present that NIR absorbing molecules can be employed as matrices to amplify anti‐Stokes Raman signals of weak scattering targets.
Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) with delayed coloanal anastomosis versus TaTME with immediate coloanal anastomosis and temporary diversion in middle and low rectal cancer
Authors: Madbouly Khaled M. , Emile Sameh Hany , Gamal Abd Allah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) avoids the difficulty of laparoscopic dissection of the lower part of the rectum. The need for stoma is associated with many stoma‐related complications. The objective was to compare TaTME with immediate coloanal anastomosis and protective ileostomy (TaTME‐IA) versus Turnbull–Cutait delayed coloanal anastomosis (TaTME‐TC).MethodsA retrospective cohort study included patients with low rectal cancer at least 1 cm above the top of the anal sphincter. Patients had either TaTME‐IA or TaTME‐TC. Primary outcome measures were anastomotic and stoma‐related complications. Secondary outcomes included rate of permanent stomas, local recurrence, continence, and quality of life (QOL).ResultsTaTME‐IA was done in 25 patients versus 20 who had TaTME‐TC. TaTME‐IA had significantly longer mean operative time (p = 0.04) and shorter length of stay (LOS) (4.5 vs. 11.4 days; p = 0.0001) compared to TaTME‐TC. Anastomotic leak was reported in two patients of TaTME‐IA versus one patient of TaTME‐TC (p = 0.77). Anastomotic stenosis was reported in one patient in each group. No significant difference between groups as regard continence, local recurrence, and QOL.ConclusionTaTME‐TC is a safe option that can be offered for patients with low rectal cancer who refuse or are not amenable to a temporary stoma. Anastomotic complications were similar in both groups. LOS was much longer in TaTME‐TC, however, it avoids stoma complications. Both groups had similar functional oncologic outcomes and QOL.
Early life stress and autonomic response to acute mental stress in individuals with coronary heart disease
Authors: Kim Ye Ji , Levantsevych Oleksiy M. , Elon Lisa , Lewis Tené T. , Suglia Shakira F. , Bremner J. Douglas , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Pearce Bradley , Raggi Paolo , Vaccarino Viola , Shah Amit J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarly life stress (ELS) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We examined whether ELS was associated with autonomic function and stress reactivity among individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD). We included patients with stable CHD from two parallel studies, the Mental Stress Ischemia Prognosis Study (MIPS) and the Myocardial Infarction and Mental Stress Study 2 (MIMS2), and assessed ELS using the Early Trauma Inventory–Self‐Report–Short Form. Participants underwent a laboratory‐based mental stress task while undergoing ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. We used multivariate linear regression models to estimate the associations between ELS and heart rate variability (HRV; low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF and HF [LH] ratio). The analytic sample included 405 MIPS and 284 MIMS2 participants. Most participants endorsed at least one experience of ELS (92.2%). Although we did not observe associations between ELS and HRV outcomes in the overall sample, ELS was associated with lower LH ratio HRV during recovery in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subgroup, ELS x PTSD interaction, p = .041. In the MIMS2 subgroup, ELS was associated with lower resting period LF HRV, = −0.16 ln ms2; 95% CI [−0.31, −0.02]. Exposure to physical trauma was associated with decreased HF HRV overall reactivity only among participants with high to moderate depressive symptoms, = −0.52 ln ms2 vs. = 0.01 ln ms2, p = .013. Overall, heterogeneous associations between ELS and HRV emerged, suggesting the need for additional research regarding longer‐term ambulatory HRV.
Hydrogel Antifouling Coating with Highly Adhesive Ability via Lipophilic Monomer
Authors: Dong Lei , He Guangling , Dai Shuaishuai , Zhao Haizhou , Yu Liangmin , Wang Li 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe poor adhesion of hydrogel antifouling materials on substrates limits their application in marine antifouling. From the perspective of practical application, a lipophilic monomer tackifying strategy is proposed, in which hydrogel coatings can be firmly adhered to substrates very simply. Hydrogel prepolymers containing lipophilic monomers are adhered to the substrate surface after crosslinking, and hydrogel coatings are obtained after drying and absorbing water. The experimental results show that the molar content of lipophilic monomers in the hydrogel reached 42% and can significantly improve its adhesion on the organic substrate. The highly adhesive ability of the hydrogel manifest as its long‐term no‐shedding ability in the experimental results of static seawater immersion panels, dynamic rotating seawater environments (80 revolutions min−1), and testing‐panels in real marine (150 days‐no‐shedding). A powerful supplement for understanding the direct adhesion of hydrogel coatings to the substrate is provided by this strategy. These hydrogels have a good effect on inhibiting the adhesion of proteins and microalgae and show significant antifouling performance in testing‐panels in real marine environments, with great potential for marine antifouling applications.
Seasonal Trends in Groundfish Discards on Georges Bank: Implications for Adaptive Quota Management
Authors: Keyser Freya , Sameoto Jessica A. , Keith David M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For fisheries to be sustainable, management should account for all major sources of fishing mortality. On the Canadian side of Georges Bank, landings and discards of transboundary stocks of Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua, Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, and Yellowtail Flounder Limanda ferruginea are monitored against quotas that are shared by the Canadian groundfish and scallop (sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus) fisheries to limit fishing mortality. The shared quota allocations are managed using an adaptive quota management system; quota can be redistributed between the fisheries during the season to maximize fishing opportunities, while still respecting the overall catch limits. However, the redistribution relies on estimates of the total end-of-year discards of Atlantic Cod, Haddock, and Yellowtail Flounder from the scallop fishery. Here, we evaluated and compared two approaches for projecting end-of-year discards within season: an empirical method based on scallop fishery landings and a seasonal modeling approach. Seasonal trends in discards were identified, with discards of all three groundfish species highest in April or May. The seasonal models out-performed the empirical landings-based projection method, and our results demonstrate that accounting for seasonal patterns in discards better informs risk-based fishery management decisions.
Efficacy of percutaneous and transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation on idiopathic overactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ghavidel‐Sardsahra Amirhossein , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Rahnama'I Mohammad Sajjad , Naseri Amirreza , Yazdandoost Shahabodin , Khezerloo Taha , Seyedi‐Sahebari Sepideh , Hosseinifard Hossein , Vahed Nafiseh , Mostafaei Hadi , Salehi‐Pourmehr Hanieh , Hajebrahimi Sakineh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesPercutaneous and transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS and TTNS) showed a promising effect on overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. We aimed to give a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the efficacy and safety of these therapeutic methods as well.MethodsWe searched studies available on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest on March 31, 2021, to find both published and unpublished studies. The retrieved articles were screened by two independent researchers and then the selected studies were critically appraised by Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials, and Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for quasi‐experimental studies. Finally, the results of studies were synthesized using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 statistical software when the data were homogenous. The meta‐analysis was performed by calculating the effect size (mean difference) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOf the total 3194 publications, 68 studies were included in our qualitative evaluation and 9 studies (11 trials) in the quantitative stage. When TTNS or PTNS were compared to sham, placebo, no treatment, or conservative management, a decrease in frequency of urination was observed in both TTNS (mean difference [MD]: −3.18, 95% CI: −4.42 to −1.94, and p < 0.00001), and PTNS (MD: −2.84, 95% CI: −4.22 to −1.45, and p < 0.00001), and overall TTNS or PTNS (MD: −2.95, 95% CI: −4.01 to −1.88, and p < 0.00001). Significant improvements in mean voiding volume (MVV) and decreasing nocturia were also observed.ConclusionsNerve stimulations either PTNS or TTNS appear to be effective interventions in treating refractory idiopathic OAB in terms of daily voiding frequency, MVV, urgency episodes, and nighttime voiding frequency. However, our result did not show any improvement in terms of urinary incontinence, postvoid residual volume or urge incontinence, and maximum cystometric capacity which emphasized the efficacy of these modalities on dry‐OAB rather than wet‐OAB.