bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Burn Injuries among Hospitalized Patients in Babylon Province
Authors: Obaid Elaf M. , Baiee Hasan A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Burns form the fourth most common cause of injury after road traffic injuries, falls, and interpersonal conflicts and are usually correlated with devastating physical, mental, social, and financial harms, particularly in low and middle-income countries like Iraq.

Objectives:
To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of burn injury patients, to measure the mortality rate (case fatality rate) for burns, and to explain the main determinants of deaths among hospitalized burn injury patients.

Patients and Methods:
This was an observational descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on all acute burn injury cases who were admitted to the biggest teaching hospital in Babylon Province, Iraq. Data were collected from patients themselves or their companions and from patients’ hospital records using a pretested questionnaire designed for collecting the requested information that included demographic data, burn characteristics, burn determinants, and burn outcomes.

Results:
A sample of 120 patients with burn injuries were investigated. The mean age ± standard deviation was 18.9 ± 17.9 years. The mean age of burn death victims was 24.5 ± 17.66 years. The young age group (15–24 years) represented the highest proportion. Male to female ratio was 1:1.4. Most of the patients had low educational and income levels. The case fatality rate was 26.6% (32/120). The majority of cases were from rural areas; 67% of suicidal burn deaths had more than 50% of total body surface area. Intentional burn death victims had significantly severe burns (third-degree burn and high body surface area) as compared to accidental burn death victims. There was a statistically significant difference as regards the mode of burns between the intentional and accidental burn deaths; all intentional death victims were burnt with flame.

Conclusions:
The case fatality rate of burn injuries was high, females outnumbered males, the majority of the victims had low educational and income levels, and suicidal burn deaths were significantly associated with severe burn as compared to the accidental ones.
Assessment of Knowledge about Hypertension among Hypertensive Patients in Babylon Province
Authors: Mahdi Helen Ali , Al-Humairi Ameer Kadhim 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Hypertension is one of the most common health problems in the world and it is considered as the most common risk factor for different heart diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, renal disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Knowledge plays an important role in controlling hypertension among patients with hypertension and in preventing the long-term complications of hypertension.

Objectives:
To assess the knowledge among patients with hypertension in Al-Hilla city.

Methods:
This study was a “descriptive cross-sectional study” involving about 303 patients with hypertension older than 18 years who came to health-care centers and hospitals; the patients were assessed by a designed questionnaire through the interview method. The data were collected from April to July 2021.

Results:
The mean age of patients with hypertensive was 54.89 ± 10.42; females represented 51.2%, whereas males represented 48.8%. Good knowledge about hypertension was 36.0%, average knowledge about hypertension was 42.9%, and poor knowledge about hypertension was 21.1%. There is a relationship between the age and duration of hypertension with knowledge, and there is a significant association between the study variables (age, sex, marital status, educational level, residence, employment status, socioeconomic level, duration of hypertension, family history of hypertension, measurement of hypertension) in our study and knowledge.

Conclusion:
This study in Babylon Province shows that the highest proportion of patients with hypertension have average knowledge about hypertension (42.9%); there is a significant association between age, duration, and study variables (age, sex, marital status, educational level, residence, employment status, socioeconomic level, duration of hypertension, family history of hypertension, measurement of hypertension) with knowledge.
Thyroid Function Disorders in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sinjari Hussein Yousif , Ibrahim Jassim Muhammed 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Various thyroid functional test abnormalities are commonly observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and regulation.

Objectives:
The study aims at investigating the prevalence of thyroid function disorders in patients with CKD and its association with the degree of renal failure.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed on patients with CKD, at the Nephrology unit, Hawler Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq from 1 July 2020 to 31 December 2020. Demographic features such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded; blood tests were done, including serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and creatinine. The CKD-EPI (epidemiological) equation was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).The participants were classified according to their thyroid function, age, BMI, and eGFR. The association of thyroid dysfunction with gender, age, BMI, and eGFR was studied.

Results:
A total of 104 patients with CKD enrolled in the current study: Half of them were on conservative treatment, and the other half were on a chronic hemodialysis (HD) program. Fifty four (51.9%) of them were male, mean age was 53.99 ± 14.59 years, mean BMI was 25.19 ± 3.14 kg/m2, and most of them (63.5%) were overweight. According to eGFR classification, most of the participants (70.2%) were at stage 5 CKD, 20.2% at stage 4, and 9.6% at stage 3. From the study population, it was observed that 34 out of 104 (32.7%) participants presented with thyroid function disorders. Among them, 22 (21.2%) patients presented with subclinical hypothyroidism, seven (6.7%) had overt hypothyroidism, three (2.9%) hyperthyroidism, and two (1.9%) subclinical hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism (clinical and subclinical) was positively associated with increasing age and advanced CKD.

Conclusion:
Thyroid function disorders are common among patients with CKD. Hypothyroidism, the most prevalent one, was positively associated with increasing age, low eGFR, and in patients on HD therapy.
Chronic Total Occlusion Anatomy and Characteristics of Coronary Collaterals and Angiographic Features Predicting the Success of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention
Authors: Rayees Shiekh , Khandy Aashaq Hussain , Nabi Tauseef , Manzoor Sajaad 
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective:
Angiographic assessment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) anatomy and collateral characteristics of coronary arteries are necessary for CTO intervention.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based observational study of 100 coronary angiograms (CAG) with CTOs. CTO anatomy and collateral characteristics of coronary arteries were studied for predicting anterograde and retrograde CTO intervention.

Results:
Right coronary artery (RCA) CTO was the most common (62%), followed by left anterior descending (LAD). More than two-thirds of RCA and LAD CTO lesions were >20 mm and half were in mid-segment. Left circumflex artery (LCX) and RCA lesions were more frequently calcified. LAD CTOs often had blunt stump; LCX CTOs frequently had bending >45°. The mean J-CTO score was lowest in RCA CTOs (2.0 ± 1.19). There were 10 different types of collaterals in RCA CTOs, 8 in LAD CTOs, and only 4 in LCX CTOs. The most common RCA CTOs collateral was LAD septal to the right posterior descending artery (RPDA) (69.4%) and in LAD CTOs, the most common was septal collaterals from the RPDA to LAD (40.9%). RCA CTOs had a higher percentage of septal collaterals, less tortuosity, and favorable entry and exit angle when compared with other two arteries.

Conclusion:
RCA CTOs were the most common. Angiographic features in CTO lesions vary among three major coronary arteries. The RCA CTOs had lesser mean J-CTO score, more number of septal collaterals, less tortuous collaterals, and favorable entry and exit angle. RCA CTOs were better accessible for anterograde and retrograde intervention.
Implications and Relative Importance of GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 Polymorphisms in the Prevalence and Severity of Prostate Cancer in an Eastern Indian Population
Authors: Roy Suparna , Dasgupta Anindya , Mondal Tanusree , Mandal N. Soumendra , Karmakar Dilip 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Several mutations including the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GSTP1 and deletional mutations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 isoforms of the glutathione S transferase gene are of significant importance in the etiology and severity of prostate cancer (Pca) with varying degrees of association in different population groups. We investigated the association of these mutations with the prevalence and severity of the Pca in an urban population of Eastern India.

Materials and Methods:
In the present case–control study, deletional mutations of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 were detected by their presence or absence in the gel electrophoresis after the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The A to G SNP of the GSTP1 gene resulting in Ile105Val was detected using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism after PCR. Severity of Pca was assessed by International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading. Polymorphic variations obtained were correlated to the prevalence and severity of Pca.

Results:
The Chi-square tests showed a significantly greater prevalence of all three mutations in the case group. However, the post hoc ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only the A to G SNP of the GSP1 gene among the three mutations showed significant association with the severity of the Pca as indicated by the ISUP gradings.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that although the A to G transitional SNP of the GSTP1 and the deletional SNPs of GSTM1 and GSTT1 acted all as important factors for increasing the prevalence of Pca, the A to G SNP of the GSTP1 gene resulting in Ile105Val only contributed to the severity and spread of the disease in our study population.
The Modified Suprapubic Prostatectomy Technique is Associated with Improved Hemostasis and Decline in Blood Transfusion Rate after Open Suprapubic Prostatectomy Compared to the Freyers Technique
Authors: Obi AO , Okeke CJ , Ulebe AO , Ogbobe UU 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Open suprapubic prostatectomy is attended by significant perioperative haemorrhage and need for blood transfusion.

Aim:
To share our experience on how the adoption of a modified suprapubic prostatectomy technique has led to improved hemostasis and decline in the blood transfusion rate after open suprapubic prostatectomy in our center.

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective study comparing two open prostatectomy techniques. The patients in group 1 had Freyer's suprapubic prostatectomy while the patients in group 2 had a modified suprapubic prostatectomy technique. The groups were compared for the effectiveness of hemostasis using change in packed cell volume, clot retention, blood transfusion, and requirement of continuous bladder irrigation.

Results:
Both groups were similar concerning age, body mass index (BMI), total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, presence of comorbidities, duration of surgery, and duration of follow-up. The clot retention rate was 34% in group 1 versus 16.4% in group 2, P = 0.030. The clot retention requiring bladder syringe evacuation occurred in 32.1% of the patients in group 1 versus 14.8% in group 2, P = 0.048. The mean change in the packed cell volume (PCV) in group 1 was 8.0 ± 5.3 versus 6.9 ± 3.5 in group 2, P = 0.175. The blood transfusion rate in group 1 was 40.0% versus 13.3% in group 2, P = 0.040. The complication rate in group 1 was 67.2% versus 41.9% in group 2, P = 0.004. A general decline in blood transfusion was noted from January 2011 to December 2019.

Conclusion:
The modified suprapubic prostatectomy technique was associated with better hemostasis compared to the standard Freyer's prostatectomy technique. It should be a worthwhile addition to the numerous modifications of the original Freyer's suprapubic prostatectomy technique.
Predictive Value of Doppler Cerebroplacental Ratio for Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Postdate Pregnancies in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ismail A , Ibrahim AL , Rabiu A , Muhammad Z , Garba I 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Postdate pregnancy is a very common obstetric condition, increasing the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality from uteroplacental insufficiency.

Aim:
To determine the predictive values of Doppler cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), that is, the ratio between middle cerebral artery (MCA) and UA pulsatility indices (UA PI), and other potential velocimetric predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes in women with postdated pregnancies.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted on consenting 212 low-risk pregnant women beyond 40 weeks' gestational age. The pulsatility indices of MCA, UA, and CPR as well as non-stress tests (NST) and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were measured and recorded. The women were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of adverse perinatal outcome defined as: meconium stained liquor, meconium aspiration syndrome, perinatal asphyxia, cesarean section for suspected fetal distress, and perinatal death.

Results:
Of the 200 women whose data were available for analysis, 40 (20%) of them had adverse perinatal outcome and 160 (80%) had normal perinatal outcome. The CPR showed statistically significant difference in predicting adverse perinatal outcome (P < 0.001). CPR had a better predictive value than UA-PI and outperformed MCA-PI and NST for adverse perinatal outcomes. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes by CPR were 90%, 81.25%, 97.01%, and 83%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The Doppler CPR shows the highest diagnostic accuracy in prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in pregnant women after 40 weeks' gestation than UA PI and velocimetric indices when used as stand-alone test.
Prevalence of Hyperuricemia and the Relationship between Serum Uric Acid Concentrations and Lipid Parameters among King Abdulaziz University Hospital patients
Authors: Ghamri RA , Galai TA , Ismail RA , Aljuhani JM , Alotaibi DS , Aljahdali MA 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Several studies have associated uric acid with dyslipidemia. However, no previous studies have examined patients without chronic illness.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters and to estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the city of Jeddah.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on 1206 patients who undergone laboratory blood testing over a 3-year period (2018–2020) at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, which was ethically approved. We used a predesigned checklist to collect data from electronic hospital records using Google Forms. Bivariate analysis, tables, and graphs were used to represent and identify the relationships between variables. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Our study revealed a prevalence of 12% for hyperuricemia in the study population. Males were more frequently affected than females (8.13% vs. 3.73%, respectively). There was no association between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters, including total cholesterol (P = 0.92), triglyceride (P = 0.42), high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.47), and low-density lipoprotein (P = 0.66). There was a strong association between serum uric acid concentration and high body mass index (P < 0.001), older age (P = 0.002), male sex (P < 0.001), and nationality (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an association between sex and mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.02) and mean triglyceride concentration (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
We observed a low prevalence of hyperuricemia, and our results indicate no association between serum uric acid concentration and lipid profile parameters.
Retrospective Evaluation of Peripartum Hysterectomy Patients
Authors: Gülücü S , Uzun KE , Ozsoy AZ , Delibasi IB 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Peripartum hysterectomy (PPH), which means surgical removal of the uterus during pregnancy or postpartum period, is a life-saving procedure performed as a last resort to stop obstetric serious bleeding.

Aim:
Evaluation of the prevalence, risk factors, indications, associated complications, and neonatal outcomes of PPH performed in our clinic.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 35 patients who underwent PPH in our clinic between 2013 and 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients, age, gestational week, delivery type, type of hysterectomy performed, length of hospital stay, PPH indications, additional procedures and complications during PPH, maternal and fetal mortality, neonatal characteristics, intensive care unit (ICU) need after PPH, and blood transfusion amount and time were recorded. Patients with PPH were subdivided and studied in subgroups: Emergency - elective surgery, total - subtotal hysterectomy.

Results:
PPH was performed in 35 (3.2/1000) patients who gave birth during the study period. The most common indication for hysterectomy was placental invasion anomaly (57.1%, n = 20), and the most performed operation was total hysterectomy (68.6%, n = 24). Bilateral hypogastric artery ligation (14.3%, n = 5) was the most common alternative procedure performed before hysterectomy, and the most common complication was bladder injury (22.9%, n = 8). Blood transfusion was performed in 94.3% (n = 33) of the patients due to acute blood loss. The mean newborn weight was 2788.79 ± 913.37 g, and the 1st and 5th-minute APGAR scores were 6.71 ± 2.25 and 7.56 ± 2.35, respectively.

Conclusion:
Before PPH, uterine integrity should be preserved using medical and surgical methods, but if success is not achieved, hysterectomy is the last life-saving step. It should be kept in mind that in patients with anemia and increased gravidity, the risk of bleeding may be high in the first 24 h after birth and therefore PPH may be required. It would be more appropriate for patients with placentation anomalies to be operated in experienced centers due to possible complications, increased blood transfusion, and intensive care requirement.
Can the Hydrogel Form of Sodium Ascorbate be Used to Reverse Compromised Resin Infiltrant Penetration After Bleaching?
Authors: Sadikoğlu İS , Arıcı M , Kemaloğlu H , Türkün M , Caymaz MG 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an antioxidant on the bleaching-induced reduction in the penetration depth of infiltrant resins.

Materials and Methods:
White spot lesions (WSLs) were created on 105 bovine tooth samples, each measuring 6 × 4 × 4 mm. Five samples were randomly selected for the examination of lesion characteristics. The remaining 100 samples were then divided into four groups (n = 25). In Group I, the WSLs were treated with resin infiltration (RI) only. RI was performed on Group II immediately after bleaching. In Group III, an antioxidant was applied for 2 h after bleaching, and this was immediately followed by RI. The Group IV samples were treated with RI at the end of a 1-week waiting period after bleaching. The penetration depths were evaluated through confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results:
The lowest penetration rate, which was approximately 57%, was observed in Group II. This was followed by Group III (87%), Group IV (90%), and Group I (92%). Group II, in which the samples were infiltrated immediately after bleaching, had the lowest mean penetration percentage. All the bleached groups exhibited significantly lower penetration percentages than the nonbleached group (Group I) (P < 0.05). Antioxidant application increased the penetration significantly (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Application of sodium ascorbate was found to reverse the reduced resin penetration depth and penetration percentages resulting from bleaching. The postponement of adhesive procedures after bleaching yielded similar results.
Skeleto-Dental Features among a Sample of Saudi Female Children Compared to British Standards
Authors: AlShayea EI , Almoammar K , Alsultan M , Albarakati SF 
Published: April 2022

Aim:
This cross-sectional observational retrospective study aimed at assessing the cephalometric skeleto-dental features of class I, II, and III skeletal relationship of Saudi female school children sample and comparing the results to the established British Caucasian cephalometric standards.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of 205 retrospective lateral cephalometric radiographs of female school children. The age range of the subjects were between 10 and 13 years old with a mean age of 11 ± 1 years. Several cephalometric and constructed points were identified. Angular, linear, and proportional measurements were obtained and analyzed. The skeleto-dental features of class II and class III were compared to class I of this sample and then compared with the established British Caucasian population. Different angular, linear, and proportional variables were investigated. Descriptive statistics and Student's t-test were used for data analysis.

Results:
The distribution of the skeletal relationship revealed that 68.3% of the sample showed class I relationship, 16.1% class II, and 15.6% class III. The result indicates significant differences among the different classes. A greater tendency towards class II facial pattern and more convex profile among Saudis were detected in the present study compared to Caucasians. Furthermore, The dento-alveolar relationship results showed more bi-maxillary protrusion among Saudi females compared to the British Caucasians.

Conclusion:
The results of the study can serve as a base-line for future investigations in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the results obtained can also be of great value in distinguishing the various skeleto-dental features in the different skeletal classes among the Saudi females, and in the clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.