bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic terahertz anisotropy and chirality enhancement in liquid-crystal anisotropic dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Hui-Jun , Fan Fei , Zhang Tian-Rui , Ji Yun-Yun , Chang Sheng-Jiang 
Published: February 2022

To enhance and actively control terahertz (THz) anisotropy and chirality, we have designed and fabricated a THz composite device with a liquid crystal (LC) layer and Si anisotropic metasurface. By initial anchoring and electrically rotating the spatial orientation of the LC optical axis, the different symmetry relationships are obtained in this hybrid device. When the optical axis of LC is parallel or perpendicular to the optical axis of the Si metasurface, the anisotropy of the device will be enhanced or offset, which leads to a tunable phase-shift range of more than 180°. When there is an angle between the two optical axes, due to the destruction of the mirror symmetry in the LC-Si anisotropic medium, the highest circular dichroism of the device reaches 30 dB in the middle orientation state of the LC optical axis, and the active modulation can be realized by changing the bias electric field on the LC layer. This composite device demonstrates rich characteristics for the feasible manipulation of THz polarization conversion and chiral transmission, which can be applied in THz polarization imaging and chiral spectroscopy.
The Social Value of FASB
Authors: Waymire Gregory B. , Basu Sudipta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRamanna (Unreliable accounts: How regulators fabricate conceptual narratives to diffuse criticism.Accounting, Economics and Law: A Convivium, this issue) argues that the FASB’s new Conceptual Framework deemphasizes reliability, and especially verifiability, in favor of representational faithfulness to facilitate the FASB’s promotion of an “asset-liability” approach measured at fair values. More importantly, he argues that this change is likely to generate costly unintended consequences by undermining reporting quality. We agree and consider more broadly whether FASB creates social value through better accounting knowledge, and whether it is time to sunset the FASB monopoly in establishing accounting standards.
Thresholds for the existence of solutions to inhomogeneous elliptic equations with general exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Ishige Kazuhiro , Okabe Shinya , Sato Tokushi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study the existence and the nonexistence of solutions to an inhomogeneous non-linear elliptic problem(P)−Δu+u=F(u)+κμ  in  RN, u>0  in  RN, u(x)→0  as  |x|→∞,- \Delta u + u = F(u) + \kappa \mu \quad {\kern 1pt} {\rm in}{\kern 1pt} \quad {{\bf R}^N},\quad u > 0\quad {\kern 1pt} {\rm in}{\kern 1pt} \quad {{\bf R}^N},\quad u(x) \to 0\quad {\kern 1pt} {\rm as}{\kern 1pt} \quad |x| \to \infty ,whereF=F(t) grows up (at least) exponentially ast→∞. HereN≥ 2,κ> 0, andμ∈Lc1(RN)\{0}\mu \in L_{\rm{c}}^1({{\bf R}^N})\backslash \{ 0\}is nonnegative. Then, under a suitable integrability condition onμ, there exists a threshold parameterκ*> 0 such that problem (P) possesses a solution if 0 <κ<κ*and it does not possess no solutions ifκ>κ*. Furthermore, in the case of 2 ≤N≤ 9, problem (P) possesses a unique solution ifκ=κ*.
Continuous flows driving branching processes and their nonlinear evolution equations
Authors: Beznea Lucian , Vrabie Cătălin Ioan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider on M(ℝ
d
) (the set of all finite measures on ℝ
d
) the evolution equation associated with the nonlinear operator

F
↦
Δ

F
′

+

∑

k
⩾
1

b

k

F

k

F \mapsto \Delta F' + \sum\nolimits_{k \geqslant 1} b_k F^k

, where F′ is the variational derivative of F and we show that it has a solution represented by means of the distribution of the d-dimensional Brownian motion and the non-local branching process on the finite configurations of M(ℝ
d
), induced by the sequence (bk
)
k

⩾1 of positive numbers such that

∑

k
⩾
1

b

k

⩽
1

\sum\nolimits_{k \geqslant 1} b_k \leqslant 1

. It turns out that the representation also holds with the same branching process for the solution to the equation obtained replacing the Laplace operator by the generator of a Markov process on ℝ
d
instead of the d-dimensional Brownian motion; more general, we can take the generator of a right Markov process on a Lusin topological space. We first investigate continuous flows driving branching processes. We show that if the branching mechanism of a superprocess is independent of the spatial variable, then the superprocess is obtained by introducing the branching in the time evolution of the right continuous flow on measures, canonically induced by a right continuous flow as spatial motion. A corresponding result holds for non-local branching processes on the set of all finite configurations of the state space of the spatial motion.
Vortex formation for a non-local interaction model with Newtonian repulsion and superlinear mobility
Authors: Carrillo J.A. , Gómez-Castro D. , Vázquez J.L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider density solutions for gradient flow equations of the form u

t
= ∇ · (γ(u)∇ N(u)), where N is the Newtonian repulsive potential in the whole space ℝ
d
with the nonlinear convex mobility γ(u) = u

α
, and α > 1. We show that solutions corresponding to compactly supported initial data remain compactly supported for all times leading to moving free boundaries as in the linear mobility case γ(u) = u. For linear mobility it was shown that there is a special solution in the form of a disk vortex of constant intensity in space u = c
1
t
−1 supported in a ball that spreads in time like c
2
t
1/d
, thus showing a discontinuous leading front or shock. Our present results are in sharp contrast with the case of concave mobilities of the form γ(u) = u

α
, with 0 < α < 1 studied in [10]. There, we developed a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that are positive everywhere and moreover display a fat tail at infinity. Here, we also develop a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that in the radial case leads to a very detailed analysis allowing us to show a waiting time phenomena. This is a typical behaviour for nonlinear degenerate diffusion equations such as the porous medium equation. We will also construct explicit self-similar solutions exhibiting similar vortex-like behaviour characterizing the long time asymptotics of general radial solutions under certain assumptions. Convergent numerical schemes based on the viscosity solution theory are proposed analysing their rate of convergence. We complement our analytical results with numerical simulations illustrating the proven results and showcasing some open problems.
Berufliche Handlungsfähigkeit und Erfahrungswissen: Stellenwert für die Facharbeit in der digitalen Transformation
Authors: Baumhauer Maren , Meyer Rita 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird exemplarisch für die Chemieindustrie gezeigt, dass die Herausforderungen der digitalen Transformation durch die berufliche Handlungsfähigkeit der Beschäftigten bewältigt werden können. Obwohl die Branche durch einen vergleichsweise hohen Automatisierungs- und Vernetzungsgrad gekennzeichnet ist, kommt dem Erfahrungswissen nach wie vor ein hoher Stellenwert zu. Auf der Grundlage empirischer Daten werden digitalisierungsbezogene Prozesse der Organisations- und Produktionsentwicklung dargestellt sowie die Grenzen der Digitalisierung thematisiert. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt dabei auf den Deutungen und Bewältigungsstrategien der Beschäftigten im Kontext der Einführung neuer Technologien in der Produktion.
Mind the (Gender) Gap between Pay and Pension
Authors: Frommert Dina , Hagen Christine , Himmelreicher Ralf 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag zeigt auf Basis verschiedener Datensätze geschlechterbezogene Unterschiede (Gender Gaps) in Bezug auf Stundenlöhne, Arbeitszeiten und Erwerbsbiografien, ergänzt um Informationen zur unbezahlten Care-Arbeit. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Anwartschaften der Altersvorsorge in den verschiedenen Schichten sowie zu erwartende Alterseinkünfte insgesamt skizziert. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf einer differenzierten Betrachtung der Verteilung finanzieller Größen vor und nach der Verrentung im Lebenslauf von Frauen und Männern in Deutschland. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Gender Gaps bei der zusätzlichen Altersvorsorge deutlich größer sind als bei der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung.
Die Science Fiction und die Arbeit von übermorgen
Authors: Pfirrmann Oliver , Schmeink Lars 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel liefert einen ersten Arbeitsbericht zum BMBF-geförderten Projekt „FutureWork: Arbeit im Übergang zum 22. Jahrhundert“. Ziel des Beitrags ist die Darstellung eines methodischen Ansatzes, der in Ergänzung zu der in der Zukunftsforschung bekannten Methode der Szenariotechnik explizit auf die Einbindung kultureller Daten setzt, hier der Zukunftsvisionen der Science Fiction als Input. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Fragestellung, wie wir Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts arbeiten werden. Gerade der weitreichende Zeitrahmen ist für rein empirische Projekte schwer abzubilden. Hier halten die kulturell-kreativen Aspekte der Science Fiction eine ideale Ergänzung zur Entwicklung möglicher Szenarien bereit.
Legal Technology im Arbeitsrecht
Authors: Rehder Britta , Apitzsch Birgit , Vogel Berthold 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Digitalisierung betrifft das Arbeitsrecht und die industriellen Beziehungen nicht nur durch die Veränderung von Arbeitsorganisation und Beschäftigungsformen, beispielsweise im Kontext von Crowdwork, sondern auch durch den Bedeutungsgewinn von Legal Technologies. Diese umfassen die standardisierte Bearbeitung von Rechtsangelegenheiten mittels Online-Tools, Rechtsgeneratoren und Legal Robots. Der Beitrag zielt auf eine Exploration der Formen und Folgen der Digitalisierung von Rechtsdienstleistungen im Arbeitsrecht für die industriellen Beziehungen. Auf Grundlage der Analyse prominenter Beispiele von Legal-Tech-Angeboten gibt er Einblicke in die Ausrichtung der Angebote und Anbieter und diskutiert mögliche Folgen für die etablierten Akteure der betrieblichen Mitbestimmung und der gewerkschaftlichen Interessenvertretung. Unsere übergreifende These lautet, dass sich aus dem Möglichkeitsraum der digitalen Rechtsanwendung und -durchsetzung sowohl neue Handlungsspielräume als auch Gefährdungen für die Akteure der kollektiven Interessenvertretung in den industriellen Beziehungen ergeben, die daher gut beraten wären, die Entwicklung der Legal Technologies aktiv mitzugestalten.
Tolerance of Informality and Occupational Choices in a Large Informal Sector Economy
Authors: Arbex Marcelo , Corrêa Márcio V. , Magalhães Marcos R. V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study an equilibrium two-sector occupational choice model – agents can be (formal or informal) entrepreneurs or workers. An informal entrepreneur faces taxation determined by the combination of her capital choice and society’s tolerance of informality. Our model is consistent with many empirical findings regarding the informal sector in Brazil, a developing economy with a large informal sector. With a calibrated version of our model, we show that as society’s tolerance of informality decreases, the informal sector employs less capital and labor, and informality decreases. We conduct several counterfactual exercises. Informality is substantially lower in economies that are less tolerant of informal activities, formal entrepreneurs have more access to financial markets, and taxation of output and labor is lower. We extend the model to consider stochastic taxation of informal activities – a higher (average) informal output taxation and its variability reduce informality.
Quality Competition and Market-Share Leadership in Network Industries
Authors: Cheng Yi-Ling , Chan Ya-Yuan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper incorporates network externalities into a model of vertical product differentiation to examine how firms determine product quality and network size. We show that, with significant network benefits from quality improvement, the effects of network externalities differ depending on the type of competition. In response to an increase in network externalities, vertical product differentiation enlarges under price competition but shrinks under quantity competition. Moreover, under price competition, the network size of a high-quality product increases, whereas that of a low-quality product decreases for a sufficiently large extent of network externalities, resulting in a reversal in the leading position in terms of network size from the low- to the high-quality product. By contrast, the network sizes of high- and low-quality products both increase under quantity competition; moreover, the gap between their network sizes shrinks for a sufficiently large extent of network externalities.
Real-time classification of movement patterns of tremor patients
Authors: Piepjohn Patricia , Bald Christin , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Becktepe Jos Steffen , Deuschl Günther , Schmidt Gerhard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The process of diagnosing tremor patients often leads to misdiagnoses. Therefore, existing technical methods for analysing tremor are needed to more effectively distinguish between different diseases. For this purpose, a system has been developed that classifies measured tremor signals in real time. To achieve this, the hand tremor of 561 subjects has been measured in different hand positions. Acceleration and surface electromyography are recorded during the examination. For this study, data from subjects with Parkinson’s Disease, Essential Tremor, and physiological tremor are considered. In a first signal analysis feature extraction is performed, and the resulting features are examined for their discriminative value. In a second step, three classification models based on different pattern recognition techniques are developed to classify the subjects with respect to their tremor type. With a trained decision tree, the three tremor types can be classified with a relative diagnostic accuracy of 83.14%. A neural network achieves 84.24% and the combination of both classifiers yields a relative diagnostic accuracy of 85.76%. The approach is promising and involving more features of the recorded time series will improve the discriminative value.
Vegetation of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral zones of the Western German Baltic Sea coast: a phytosociological study
Authors: Afanasyev Dmitry F. , Steinhagen Sophie , Abdullin Shamil R. , Weinberger Florian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Supralittoral and shallow water seaweed communities are particularly exposed to impacts such as climate change and disturbance by humans. Therefore, their classification, the study of composition, and the monitoring of their structural changes are particularly important. A phytosociological survey of the supralittoral and upper sublittoral vegetation of the South West Baltic Sea revealed eight phytobenthos communities with two variants comprising 35 taxa of macrophytes (18 taxa of Chlorophyta, 13 taxa of Rhodophyta and four taxa of Phaeophyceae, Ochrophyta). Five of the eight communities were dominated by Ulvales (Ulva intestinalis, Kornmannia leptoderma, and three Blidingia species), the other three by Fucus vesiculosus. Most Fucus vesiculosus-dominated communities contained U. intestinalis and U. linza as subdominants. Only one of the communities had until now been described as an association (
Ulvetum intestinalis
Feldman 1937). The syntaxonomic composition of the investigated vegetation includes both phytocenoses with the domination of green algae (
Ulvetum intestinalis
Feldman 1937 and communities of Blidingia marginata, unidentified Blidingia spp. and Kornmannia leptoderma), as well as a number of communities dominated by Fucus vesiculosus. Mainly boreal Atlantic species and cosmopolitans make up the bulk of the species in these associations.
Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children using residual blood samples from routine clinical chemistry
Authors: Wachter Felix , Regensburger Adrian P. , Antonia Sophia Peter  , Knieling Ferdinand , Wagner Alexandra L. , Simon David , Hoerning André , Woelfle Joachim , Überla Klaus , Neubert Antje , Rauh Manfred 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children is still challenging, but essential for appropriate political decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether residual blood samples can be used for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence monitoring in pediatrics.MethodsIn this repeated cross-sectional cohort study, anonymous residual blood samples from pediatric patients aged 0–17 years were collected in three time-periods (Oct.–Nov. 2020, April 2021, and June–July 2021) and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibodies using commercial antibody assays. 28 reactive samples were used to compare antibody levels with a pseudotyped neutralization assay. The results were further compared to the official national COVID-19 surveillance data to calculate the number of unreported cases.ResultsIn total, n=2,626 individual blood samples were analyzed. In this unvaccinated pediatric cohort anti-S and anti-N antibody seroprevalence increased over the three time periods (anti-S: 1.38–9.16%, and 14.59%; anti-N: 1.26%, to 6.19%, and 8.56%). Compared to the national surveillance data this leads to a 3.93–5.66-fold increase in the number of unreported cases. However, a correlation between the cumulative incidence of the individual provinces and our assigned data was found (r=0.74, p=0.0151). In addition, reactive samples with anti-S and anti-N and samples with only anti-S showed neutralization capabilities (11/14 and 8/14, respectively). Anti-S levels were not significantly different between age groups and sexes (all p>0.05).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that residual blood samples from routine laboratory chemistry could be included in the estimation of the total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in children.
The value proposition of integrative diagnostics for (early) detection of cancer. On behalf of the EFLM interdisciplinary Task and Finish Group “CNAPS/CTC for early detection of cancer”
Authors: Froelich Matthias F. , Capoluongo Ettore , Kovacs Zsolt , Patton Simon J. , Lianidou Evi S. , Haselmann Verena 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Disruptive imaging and laboratory technologies can improve clinical decision processes and outcomes in oncology. However, certain obstacles must be overcome before these technologies can be fully implemented as part of the standard for care. An integrative diagnostic approach represents a unique opportunity to unleash the full diagnostic potential and paves the way towards personalized cancer diagnostics. To meet this demand, an interdisciplinary Task Force of the EFLM was initiated as a consequence of an EFLM/ESR during the CELME 2019 meeting in order to evaluate the clinical value of CNAPS/CTC (circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum/circulating tumor cells) in early detection of cancer. Here, an overview of current disruptive techniques, their clinical implications and potential value of an integrative diagnostic approach is provided. Furthermore, requirements such as the establishment of diagnostic tumor boards, development of adequate software solutions and a change of mindset towards a new generation of diagnosticians providing actionable health information are presented. This development has the potential to elevate the position and clinical recognition of diagnosticians.
Quasi-Newton Iterative Solution of Non-Orthotropic Elliptic Problems in 3D with Boundary Nonlinearity
Authors: Borsos Benjámin , Karátson János 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We consider the numerical solution of elliptic problems in 3D with boundary nonlinearity, such as arising in stationary heat conduction models.
We allow general non-orthotropic materials where the matrix of heat conductivities is a nondiagonal full matrix. The solution approach involves the finite element method (FEM) and Newton type iterations. We develop a quasi-Newton method for this problem, using spectral equivalence to approximate the derivatives. We derive the convergence of the method, and numerical experiments illustrate the robustness and the reduced computational cost.
Predicting and monitoring COVID-19 epidemic trends in India using sequence-to-sequence model and an adaptive SEIR model
Authors: Gupta Koyel Datta , Dwivedi Rinky , Sharma Deepak Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In the year 2019, during the month of December, the first case of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in China. As per reports, the virus started spreading from a wet market in the Wuhan City. The person infected with the virus is diagnosed with cough and fever, and in some rare occasions, the person suffers from breathing inabilities. The highly contagious nature of this corona virus disease (COVID-19) caused the rapid outbreak of the disease around the world. India contracted the disease from China and reported its first case on January 30, 2020, in Kerala. Despite several counter measures taken by Government, India like other countries could not restrict the outbreak of the epidemic. However, it is believed that the strict policies adopted by the Indian Government have slowed the rate of the epidemic to a certain extent. This article proposes an adaptive SEIR disease model and a sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) learning model to predict the future trend of COVID-19 outbreak in India and analyze the performance of these models. Optimization of hyper parameters using RMSProp is done to obtain an efficient model with lower convergence time. This article focuses on evaluating the performance of deep learning networks and epidemiological models in predicting a pandemic outbreak.
3D chaotic map-cosine transformation based approach to video encryption and decryption
Authors: Dua Mohit , Makhija Drishti , Manasa Pilla Yamini Lakshmi , Mishra Prashant 
Published: February 2022

AbstractData security is vital for multimedia communication. A number of cryptographic algorithms have been developed for the secure transmission of text and image data. Very few contributions have been made in the area of video encryption because of the large input data size and time constraints. However, due to the massive increase in digital media transfer within networks, the security of video data has become one of the most important features of network reliability. Block encryption techniques and 1D-chaotic maps have been previously used for the process of video encryption. Although the results obtained by using 1D-chaotic maps were quite satisfactory, the approach had many limitations as these maps have less dynamic behavior. To overcome these drawbacks, this article proposes an Intertwining Logistic Map (ILM)-Cosine transformation-based video encryption technique. The first step involved segmenting the input video into multiple frames based on the frames per second (FPS) value and the length of the video. Next, each frame was selected, and the correlation among the pixels was reduced by a process called permutation/scrambling. In addition, each frame was rotated by 90° in the anticlockwise direction to induce more randomness into the encryption process. Furthermore, by using an approach called the random order substitution technique, changes were made in each of the images, row-wise and column-wise. Finally, all the encrypted frames were jumbled according to a frame selection key and were joined to generate an encrypted video, which was the output delivered to the user. The efficiency of this method was tested based on the state of various parameters like Entropy, Unified Average Change in Intensity (UACI), and correlation coefficient (CC). The presented approach also decrypts the encrypted video, and the decryption quality was checked using parameters such as mean square error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR).