bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in curative treatments and outcomes for early stage intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States
Authors: Lee Yi‐Te , Singal Amit G. , Lauzon Marie , Agopian Vatche G. , Luu Michael , Noureddin Mazen , Todo Tsuyoshi , Kim Irene K. , Friedman Marc L. , Kosari Kambiz , Nissen Nicholas N. , Roberts Lewis R. , Heimbach Julie K. , Gores Gregory J. , Yang Ju Dong 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCurative surgical treatments afford the best prognosis for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA); however, the comparative effectiveness of treatment options and factors associated with curative treatment receipt for early stage iCCA remain unknown.MethodsThe authors identified patients who were diagnosed with early stage iCCA, defined as a unifocal tumor <3 cm, during 2004–2018 from the National Cancer Database. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with curative treatment and overall survival (OS), respectively.ResultsThe proportion of patients with early stage iCCA increased from 4.5% in 2004 to 7.3% in 2018, with the odds of early stage detection increasing by 3.1% per year (odds ratio [OR], 1.031; 95% CI, 1.015–1.049). Of 1093 patients who had early stage iCCA, 464 (42.5%) underwent resection, 113 (10.3%) underwent ablation, 62 (5.7%) underwent liver transplantation, and 454 (41.5%) received noncurative treatments. Hispanic patients (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33–0.97) and Black patients (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28–0.77) were less likely to receive curative treatments than White patients. Compared with patients who underwent surgical resection, those who underwent liver transplantation had a trend toward improved OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.37–1.08), whereas those who underwent local ablation (aHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01–1.92) and noncurative treatments (aHR, 3.97; 95% CI, 3.24–4.88) experienced worse OS.ConclusionsMore than one third of patients with early stage iCCA did not receive curative treatment, with Hispanic and Black patients being less likely to receive curative treatments than White patients. Surgical resection and liver transplantation were associated with improved survival compared with local ablation. Future studies should investigate disparities in curative treatment receipt and outcomes for early stage iCCA.
Synthesis of Ortho‐Functionalized Tetrachlorinated Azobenzene Phosphoramidites for Incorporation Into siRNAzos for Photocontrolled Gene Silencing
Authors: Hammill Matthew L. , Islam Golam , Desaulniers Jean‐Paul 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper contains the detailed synthesis and characterization protocols of ortho‐functionalized tetrachlorinated azobenzene‐containing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which have photoswitchable properties effectively controlled with visible light. To design this tetrachlorinated azobenzene scaffold, a late‐stage chlorination with N‐chlorosuccinimide and palladium is used. Next, a single hydroxyl group from the tetrachlorinated azobenzene is protected with a 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl (DMT) group, followed by phosphitylation with 2‐cyanoethyl‐N,N‐diisopropylchlorophosphoramidite. These phosphoramidite monomers are compatible with automated solid‐phase oligonucleotide synthesis to generate tetrachlorinated azobenzene‐containing oligonucleotides.This paper also contains the detailed biophysical characterization, biological testing, and photo‐switching protocols of ortho‐functionalized chlorinated azobenzene‐containing siRNAs (Cl‐siRNAzos), which have photoswitchable properties that can be controlled with visible light. First, the Cl‐siRNAzos are characterized by annealing the sense and antisense strands together and then measuring the circular dichroism (CD) profile, and the melting temperatures (Tm) of the duplexes. Secondly, the biological testing of the Cl‐siRNAzos in cell culture is done to determine their gene silencing efficacy. Finally, their gene‐silencing activities are measured after exposure to red light in order to inactivate the Cl‐siRNAzo, and then either violet light or infrared thermal relaxation is deployed, which re‐activates the Cl‐siRNAzo. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of 4,4′‐bis(hydroxyethyl) ortho‐functionalized tetrachlorinated azobenzene phosphoramidite (5)Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis, purification, and characterization of siRNAs containing ortho‐functionalized tetrachlorinated azobenzeneBasic Protocol 3: Gene‐silencing evaluation of ortho‐functionalized tetrachlorinated azobenzene using firefly luciferase
The comparison of two different mandibular positions for oral appliance therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Makihara Eri , Watanabe Takafumi , Ogusu Hiromichi , Masumi Shin‐Ichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn oral appliance (OA) can alleviate upper airway obstruction by pulling the mandible forward during sleep. While a large mandibular advancement with an OA decreases the number of apnea and hypopnea events, long‐term use may cause side effects, such as toothache, stiffness, and pain in the temporomandibular joint.ObjetivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different mandibular positions for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine the optimal therapeutic mandibular position.MethodsThirty‐two patients (17 males and 15 females) with mild to moderate OSA participated in this prospective study. All patients were randomly allocated to receive a 50% mandibular advancement or a 75% mandibular advancement with an OA. The pre‐ and posttreatment apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), apnea index (AI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were compared. Treatment effectiveness and treatment success were compared between groups.ResultsAHI improved significantly in both groups, and AI improved significantly in the group with 50% mandibular advancement. No significant improvements in the ESS were observed in either group. There was no significant difference in treatment effectiveness between groups. In the proportion of females and males whose treatment was effective in the two groups, females were significantly greater than males.ConclusionsFor patients with mild to moderate OSA, 50% mandibular advancement is recommended as the initial therapeutic mandibular position. It was suggested that gender differences also affect treatment effectiveness.
Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbon Spheres Based on Schiff Base Reaction as an Anode Material for High‐Performance Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Gang , Kong Qingquan , Jiang Jianhao , Yao Weitang , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon has great potential in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), considering N‐doping can not only improve the surface wettability of carbon materials, but also accelerate charge transfer by generating additional defects. However, designing carbon materials with a high nitrogen content and uniform distribution using conventional doping methods remains a challenge. In this study, a hollow carbon sphere with an ultrahigh nitrogen content of 9.58 wt % was successfully fabricated by rationally designing Schiff base chemistry (PTA‐NHCS‐700). Stable hierarchical pore structures, moderate defects, and large specific surface areas were formed during the carbonization process. Excellent electrochemical performance was observed in LIBs (204.2 mAh g−1 after 7000 cycles at 5 A g−1) and SIBs (154.2 mAh g−1 after 10000 cycles at 5 A g−1). This study not only promotes the development of efficient carbon anode materials for LIBs and SIBs, but also provides a novel idea for the doping of heteroatoms with special chemical structures.
Diversification and shared features of tumor‐binding antibody repertoires in tumor, sentinel lymph node and blood of three patients with breast cancer
Authors: Pero Stephanie C , Rosenfeld Aaron M , Shukla Girja S , Mei Linda , Sun Yujing , Meng Wenzhao , Fournier David J , Harlow Seth P , Robinson Matthew K , Krag David N , Luning Prak Eline T , Harman Benjamin C 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesB cell‐mediated immunity can be associated with favorable clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, the mechanism and features of anti‐tumor immune responses are not well understood. In particular, how B cells expressing tumor‐specific antibodies are distributed (in the tumor vs. the circulation) has not been well defined.MethodsWe performed an in‐depth analysis of B cell antibody repertoires derived from the tumor, sentinel lymph nodes and peripheral blood of three treatment‐naïve patients with breast cancer. We integrated transcriptional analysis, next‐generation sequencing of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain gene rearrangements and phage display to define B cell responses and clonal architecture in the tumor microenvironment, and to identify antibodies against autologous tumor tissues.ResultsB cell clonal lineage mapping across sequencing libraries generated from the tumor, sentinel lymph node and blood revealed that some expanded B cell clones overlap between tumor and lymph node, and fewer clones overlapped with the peripheral blood. Notably, tumor‐associated or tumor‐binding clones recovered in the phage panning and tracked back through the tissues harboured extensive somatic hypermutations in both the tumor and the lymph node.ConclusionsThese findings suggest an evolving humoral immune response that targets the tumor and the possibility of monitoring B cell clones of interest in blood after identifying them in tumor or lymph node samples. Studying the dynamics and specificity of B cell responses may provide insights into the characteristics of successful anti‐tumor immunity, provide a means for monitoring therapy and yield novel targets for personalised therapies.
The impact of punishment on error‐related brain activity in children
Authors: Cole Sally L. , Cibrian Enrique , Mirzadegan Isaac A. , Meyer Alexandria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is sensitive to individual differences relating to anxiety and is modulated by manipulations that increase the threat‐value of committing errors. In adults, the ERN magnitude is enhanced when errors are followed by punishment, especially among anxious individuals. Punitive parenting is related to an elevated ERN in children; however, the effects of task‐based punishment on the ERN in children have yet to be understood. Furthermore, there is a need to assess developmental periods wherein the ERN might be especially prone to modulation by punishment. We examined the impact of punishment on the ERN in a sample of children and assessed whether the impact of punishment on the ERN was moderated by age and anxiety. Punishment potentiated the ERN in children, especially among higher trait‐anxious individuals; the punishment potentiation of the ERN was also associated with older age. The interaction between child age and anxiety symptoms did not significantly predict the punishment potentiation of the ERN; however, both child age and anxiety symptoms uniquely predicted the punishment potentiation of the ∆ERN. Anxious children may be especially prone to punishment‐related alterations in error monitoring, and the impact of punishment on the ERN may become more pronounced as children age.
Ecological indices from environmental DNA to contrast coastal reefs under different anthropogenic pressures
Authors: Polanco F. Andrea , Waldock Conor , Keggin Thomas , Marques Virginie , Rozanski Romane , Valentini Alice , Dejean Tony , Manel Stéphanie , Vermeij Mark , Albouy Camille , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman activities can degrade the quality of coral reefs and cause a decline in fish species richness and functional diversity and an erosion of the ecosystem services provided. Environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) has been proposed as an alternative to Underwater Visual Census (UVC) to offer more rapid assessment of marine biodiversity to meet management demands for ecosystem health indices. Taxonomic information derived from sequenced eDNA can be combined with functional traits and phylogenetic positions to generate a variety of ecological indices describing ecosystem functioning. Here, we inventoried reef fish assemblages of two contrasting coastal areas of Curaçao, (i) near the island's capital city and (ii) in a remote area under more limited anthropogenic pressure. We sampled eDNA by filtering large volumes of seawater (2 × 30 L) along 2 km boat transects, which we coupled with species ecological properties related to habitat use, trophic level, and body size to investigate the difference in fish taxonomic composition, functional and phylogenetic indices recovered from eDNA metabarcoding between these two distinct coastal areas. Despite no marked difference in species richness, we found a higher phylogenetic diversity in proximity to the city, but a higher functional diversity on the more isolated reef. Composition differences between coastal areas were associated with different frequencies of reef fish families. Because of a partial reference database, eDNA only partly matched those detected with UVC, but eDNA surveys nevertheless provided rapid and robust species occurrence responses to contrasting environments. eDNA metabarcoding coupled with functional and phylogenetic diversity assessment can serve the management of coastal habitats under increasing threat from global changes.
Ca(NTf2)2/HFIP‐Mediated Direct and Mild Rearrangement of Cyclopropyl Carbinols to E‐Homoallylic Triflimides
Authors: Wu Min , Duan Zhiqiang , Liu Qingmei , Gao Hui , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei , Wang Shengdong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnsaturated triflimides, especially homoallylic triflimide species, are rarely assessable. Herein, we disclose a Ca(NTf2)2/HFIP‐mediated direct chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective rearrangement of diverse cyclopropyl carbinols to exclusive E‐homoallylic triflimides in moderate to excellent yields at room temperature, in which Ca(NTf2)2 was used as both the OH activator and the triflimide anion source. This protocol shows excellent substrate/functional group tolerance with an emphasis on those substrates bearing strong electron‐withdrawing functional groups.
An Electrochemical Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Based on Fluorene(bisthiophene) Comprising Polymer for Paraoxon Detection
Authors: Celik Huzeyfe , Soylemez Saniye 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, a novel conductive polymer comprising biosensor based on poly‐2,2′‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐9 h‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl)bistiophene (Poly(BT)) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was reported for the determination of paraoxon. This practical biosensor allowed to catalyze electrochemical oxidation of acetylthiocholine (+0.6 V vs. Ag reference). The detection range for acetylcholine chloride (AThCl) with Poly(BT)/AChE was found to be 0.025–4 mM. In pesticide analysis, wide linear ranges from 0.5 to 1 μg/L and 1 to 14 μg/L, and a low detection limit of 0.033 μg/L were estimated. Under optimum operating conditions, the developed biosensor was used for pesticide detection in milk and tap water samples, effectively.
Quantifying power and energy fluctuations of photovoltaic systems
Authors: Maitanova Nailya , Schlüters Sunke , Hanke Benedikt , von Maydell Karsten , Agert Carsten 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe high share of power generation based on fluctuating renewable energy sources, especially wind and solar, has increased the levels of variability and uncertainty in power systems. The aim of this study is to develop a method for quantifying the variability of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The developed method investigates the power measurements of a PV system and quantifies its power and energy fluctuations in three steps. The first includes a classification of days into three classes according to the variability and power output of the PV system. The second consists of computing the empirical cumulative distribution functions of PV power ramps for the given classes. The third calculates the PV daily energy fluctuations based on predicted PV power output. This method of PV variability quantification was then applied to seven rooftop PV systems in different locations that feature different installed capacities, years of installation, orientations and solar cell types. The testing of this method indicates that it can be used to quantify the power and energy fluctuations of different PV systems, independent of their locations and technical characteristics. The proposed method was developed as part of a general approach for quantifying the flexibility potential of buildings and city districts with PV systems.
Geochemical characteristics of mafic intrusive rocks from the Naga Hills Ophiolite, north‐east India: Constraints on petrogenesis and tectonic setting
Authors: Hussain Mohammed Faruque , Dey Ajoy 
Published: August 2022

The Naga Hills Ophiolite (NHO) of Late Jurassic to Eocene age is one of the well‐exposed domains of Tethyan ophiolites, located in the northern margin of the Indo‐Myanmar Orogenic Belt, north‐east India. It is composed of suites of tectonite peridotite and cumulative ultramafic, mafic intrusive‐extrusive rocks, felsic intrusive, radiolarian, and marine pelagic sediments. The mafic intrusives of the NHO exhibit rhythmic to cryptic layering and isotropic in nature. Based on their mineralogy, the mafic intrusives are identified as gabbro, gabbronorite, hornblende gabbro, and olivine gabbro. The gabbros are adcumulate and mesocumulate and essentially composed of plagioclase feldspar, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, with minor olivine, serpentine, chlorite, and magnetite. These mafic intrusive rocks show affinity to tholeiitic parental magma and fractionated trends in the multi‐elemental diagram, with negative anomalies at Zr, P, Ce and positive anomalies at Sr, Nb, and Ti suggesting that the magmatism was influenced by subduction zone components. The majority of the samples represent light rare earth elements (LREE) depletion (LaN/SmN = 0.28–0.86), except two samples that display LREE enrichment (LaN/SmN = 2.11–3.03), with negligible negative Eu anomaly. Petrogenetic modelling suggests 5%–20% partial melting of a depleted mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐type mantle source, within the spinel lherzolite stability field, as well as low degree partial melting (<10%) of an enriched mantle source probably metasomatized by sediment‐melt from a subducted slab. Therefore, based on mineralogical and geochemical data, we propose that the mafic intrusive of the NHO were generated in the intra‐oceanic arc system within the Neotethys Ocean with the active participation of possible wet basaltic melt from spinel‐lherzolite source‐mantle, subsequently modified by melts derived from sediments in a subduction zone.
Decomposing inequality of opportunity in child health in Tanzania: The role of access to water and sanitation
Authors: Mkupete Mkupete Jaah , Von Fintel Dieter , Burger Ronelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPoor child nutrition is a major public health challenge in Tanzania. Large between and within regional nutritional inequalities exist in rural and urban areas. We looked at how locational circumstances hinder children from having an equal opportunity for good nutrition. We used the 2008/09 Living Standards Measurement Study data for Tanzania to identify the part played by water and sanitation in rural and urban inequality of opportunity in child nutrition. We used the dissimilarity index and the Shapley decomposition technique to quantify and decompose inequality of opportunity in nutrition. We find that 16% of the circumstance‐driven inequality of opportunity needs to be redistributed for equality of opportunity to prevail. We find that in rural areas, about 42% of the inequality of opportunity in nutrition is due to water and sanitation problems and 22% to child age. In urban areas, we find that the inequality of opportunity is related mainly to the child's sex, price fluctuations and intergenerational factors. The findings suggest that policies to improve water and sanitation coverage could help equalize opportunities for children in rural areas. In urban areas, policies that could help equalize opportunities require incentives to change social norms and behavior around feeding practices and vaccination.
Neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by airborne particulate matter
Authors: Shang Mengting , Tang Meng , Xue Yuying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAirborne particulate matter (PM), the primary component associated with health risks in air pollution, can negatively impact human health. Studies have shown that PM can enter the brain by inhalation, but data on the exact quantity of particles that reach the brain are unknown. Particulate matter exposure can result in neurotoxicity. Exposure to PM poses a greater health risk to infants and children because their nervous systems are not fully developed. This review paper highlights the association between PM and neurodevelopmental toxicity (NDT). Exposure to PM can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially resulting in blood–brain barrier damage and increased susceptibility to development of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), such as autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit disorders. In addition, human and animal exposure to PM can induce microglia activation and epigenetic alterations and alter the neurotransmitter levels, which may increase risks for development of NDD. However, the systematic comparisons of the effects of PM on NDD at different ages of exposure are deficient. The elucidation of PM exposure risks and NDT in children during the early developmental stages are of great importance. The synthesis of current research may help to identify markers and mechanisms of PM‐induced neurodevelopmental toxicity, allowing for the development of strategies to prevent permanent damage of developing brain.
In Vitro and In Vivo Pharmacological Profiles of DS-1211, a Novel Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitor
Authors: Soma Kaori , Izumi Masanori , Yamamoto Yuko , Miyazaki Shojiro , Watanabe Kengo 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Inhibition of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) may prevent ectopic soft tissue calcification by increasing endogenous pyrophosphate (PPi). DS-1211 is a potent and selective novel small molecule TNAP inhibitor with well-characterized pharmacokinetics (PKs) in rodent and monkey. Herein, we report a comprehensive summary of studies establishing the pharmaceutical profile of DS-1211. In vitro studies characterized the mode of inhibition and inhibitory effects of DS-1211 on three human alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isozymes—TNAP, human intestinal ALP, human placental ALP—and on ALP activity across species in mouse, monkey, and human plasma. In vivo PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of a single oral dose of DS-1211 in mice and monkeys were evaluated, including biomarker changes in PPi and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP). Oral bioavailability (BA) was determined through administration of DS-1211 at a 0.3-mg/kg dose in monkeys. In vitro experiments demonstrated DS-1211 inhibited ALP activity through an uncompetitive mode of action. DS-1211 exhibited TNAP selectivity and potent inhibition of TNAP across species. In vivo studies in mice and monkeys after single oral administration of DS-1211 showed linear PKs, with dose-dependent inhibition of ALP activity and increases in plasma PPi and PLP. Inhibitory effects of DS-1211 were consistent in both mouse and monkey. Mean absolute oral BA was 73.9%. Overall, in vitro and in vivo studies showed DS-1211 is a potent and selective TNAP inhibitor across species. Further in vivo pharmacology studies in ectopic calcification animal models and clinical investigations of DS-1211 in patient populations are warranted. © 2022 Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).