bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Interplay Between Post-Traumatic Epilepsy and Associated Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ngadimon Irma Wati , Aledo-Serrano Angel , Arulsamy Alina , Mohan Devi , Khoo Ching Soong , Cheong Wing Loong , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPost-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a devastating neurological outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which may negatively impact the quality of life of patients with TBI, and may impose a huge socioeconomic burden. This burden may be due to long-term functional outcomes associated with PTE, particularly cognitive dysfunction. To date, the relationship between TBI and PTE remains unclear, with little known about how the effect of their link on cognitive function as well.ObjectiveThus, this systematic review aimed at elucidating the relationship between PTE and cognitive impairment in adults after TBI based on available clinical studies, in hopes to aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for PTE.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using 6 databases; MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Psych INFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane to retrieve relevant clinical studies investigating the link between PTE and cognition in the context of TBI. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of relevant studies.ResultsA total of six eligible studies were included for critical appraisal in this review after performing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which involved 1,100 individuals, from 1996 to 2021. The selected studies were derived from the civilian and military population, with a follow-up period that ranged from 6 months to 35 years. The average quality of the involved studies was moderate (6.6, SD = 1.89). Five out of six studies found poorer cognitive performance in people with PTE, compared with those without PTE. Although the association between PTE and cognitive impairment was insignificant after controlling for specific covariates, there was a statistical trend toward significance.ConclusionThis systematic review suggests that there may be a possible link between PTE and cognitive decline in TBI patients, with the latter being reported to occur up to 35 years post injury. Variations in sample sizes, follow-up periods, and neuropsychological assessment tools may be the limitations affecting the interpretation and significance of this relationship. Therefore, future studies with standard cognitive assessment tools may be warranted to solidify the link between TBI-PTE-cognitive dysfunction, prior to the development of therapeutic strategies.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020221702, prospero identifier: CRD42020221702.
Investigating the Precise Localization of the Grasping Action in the Mid-Cingulate Cortex and Future Directions
Authors: Rahman Zebunnessa , Murray Nicholas W. G. , Sala-Padró Jacint , Bartley Melissa , Dexter Mark , Fung Victor S. C. , Mahant Neil , Bleasel Andrew Fabian , Wong Chong H. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo prospectively study the cingulate cortex for the localization and role of the grasping action in humans during electrical stimulation of depth electrodes.MethodsAll the patients (n= 23) with intractable focal epilepsy and a depth electrode stereotactically placed in the cingulate cortex, as part of their pre-surgical epilepsy evaluation from 2015 to 2017, were included. Cortical stimulation was performed and examined for grasping actions. Post-implantation volumetric T1 MRIs were co-registered to determine the exact electrode position.ResultsFive patients (male: female 4:1; median age 31) exhibited contralateral grasping actions during electrical stimulation. All patients had electrodes implanted in the ventral bank of the right cingulate sulcus adjacent to the vertical anterior commissure (VAC) line. Stimulation of other electrodes in adjacent regions did not elicit grasping.ConclusionGrasping action elicited from a localized region in the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) directly supports the concept of the cingulate cortex being crucially involved in the grasping network. This opens an opportunity to explore this region with deep brain stimulation as a motor neuromodulation target for treatment in specific movement disorders or neurorehabilitation.
LMO1 Plays an Oncogenic Role in Human Glioma Associated With NF-kB Pathway
Authors: Gao Lei , Wu Jia , Wang Hai , Yang Yongyu , Zheng Zongliao , Ni Bowen , Wang Xiran , Peng Yuping , Li Yaomin 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLIM domain only protein1(LMO1), a nuclear transcription coregulator, is implicated in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and neuroblastoma. However, the clinical significance and potential mechanism of LMO1 in human gliomas remain to be determined.MethodsIn this study, expression level data and clinical information were obtained via three databases. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to predict outcomes for glioma patients. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to explore the function of LMO1 in human glioma. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), RNA-seq and western blot were used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. A prognostic model was built for predicting the overall survival(OS) of human glioma patients.ResultsHigh LMO1 expression was associated with a high tumor grade and a poor prognosis in patients. High levels of LMO1 mRNA were correlated with poor prognosis in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type (wt) and 1p/19q non-codeletion gliomas. Gene silencing of LMO1 significantly inhibited tumor growth, invasion and migration in vitro. In contrast, LMO1 over-expression promoted tumor growth, invasion and migration. Mechanically, LMO1 may positively regulate the level of NGFR mRNA and protein. NGFR mediated the regulation between LMO1 and NF-kB activation. Consistently, the nude mice study further confirmed that knockdown of LMO1 blocked tumor growth via NGFR-NF-kB axis. Finally, The nomogram based on the LMO1 signature for overall survival (OS) prediction in human glioma patients exhibited good performance in the individual mortality risk.ConclusionThis study provides new insights and evidences that high level expression of LMO1 is significantly correlated with progression and prognosis in human gliomas. LMO1 played a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. The present study first investigated the LMO1–NGFR–NF-kB axis regulate cell growth and invasion in human glioma cells, whereby targeting this pathway may be a therapeutic target for glioma.
The Clinical and Prognostic Impact of the Choice of Surgical Approach to Fourth Ventricular Tumors in a Single-Center, Single-Surgeon Cohort of 92 Consecutive Pediatric Patients
Authors: Onorini Nicola , Spennato Pietro , Orlando Valentina , Savoia Fabio , Calì Camilla , Russo Carmela , De Martino Lucia , de Santi Maria Serena , Mirone Giuseppe , Ruggiero Claudio , Quaglietta Lucia , Cinalli Giuseppe 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveA single-institution cohort of 92 consecutive pediatric patients harboring tumors involving the fourth ventricle, surgically treatedviathe telovelar or transvermian approach, was retrospectively reviewed in order to analyze the impact of surgical route on surgery-related outcomes and cumulative survival.MethodsClinical, radiological, surgical, and pathology details were retrospectively analyzed. We selected n = 6 surgery-related clinical and radiological outcomes: transient and permanent neurological deficits, duration of assisted ventilation, postoperative new onset medical events, postoperative cerebellar mutism, and extent of resection. We built univariate and multivariate logistic models to analyze the significance of relationships between the surgical routes and the outcomes. Cumulative survival (CS) was estimated by the cohort approach.ResultsThere were 53 girls and 39 boys (mean age, 83 months). Telovelar approach was performed in 51 cases and transvermian approach in 41 cases. Early postoperative MRI studies showed complete removal in 57 cases (62%) and measurable residual tumor in 35 cases (38%). The average tumor residual volume was 1,316 cm3(range, 0.016–4.231 cm3; median value, 0.9875 cm3). Residual disease was more often detected on immediate postop MRI after telovelar approach, but the difference was not significant. Cerebellar mutism was observed in 10 cases (11%). No significant difference in the onset of cerebellar mutism was detected between telovelar and transvermian approach. The choice of surgical approach did not significantly modify any other postoperative outcome and 1-/3-year CS of high-grade surgically treated tumors.ConclusionsWith the limitation of a single-center, single-surgeon retrospective series, our findings offer significant data to reconsider the real impact of the choice of the surgical route to the fourth ventricle on the incidence of cerebellar mutism and surgery-related morbidity. This seems to be in line with some recent reports in the literature. Surgical approach to the fourth ventricle should be individualized according to the location of the tumor, degree of vermian infiltration, and lateral and upward extension. Telovelar and transvermian approaches should not be considered alternative but complementary. Pediatric neurosurgeons should fully master both approaches and choose the one that they consider the best for the patient based on a thorough and careful evaluation of pre-operative imaging.
Specific Premature Groups Have Better Benefits When Treating Apnea With Caffeine Than Aminophylline/Theophylline
Authors: Lin Yi-Chieh , Tan Yin-Ling , Yen Ting-An , Chen Chien-Yi , Tsao Po-Nien , Chou Hung-Chieh 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMethylxanthines (caffeine; aminophylline/theophylline) are commonly used for apnea of prematurity (AOP) treatment. We aimed to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of caffeine and aminophylline/theophylline.MethodsA retrospective case–control gestational age-matched study investigates patients born between January 2017 and December 2018, 23–35 weeks gestation with birth weights &gt;500 g treating AOP with caffeine or aminophylline/theophylline.ResultsThere were 144 cases (48 in caffeine group and 96 in aminophylline/theophylline group). The median treatment durations were 11 and 17 days in caffeine and aminophylline/theophyllinegroup (p = 0.002). When tachycardia is defined as heart rate ≥160 bpm, the rates were 8.3 and 34.4% in caffeine and control group (p = 0.001). When tachycardia is defined as 10 bpm over baseline heart rate, the rates were 41.7 and 63.5% in caffeine and aminophylline/theophylline group (p = 0.01). Stratified by gestational age and sex, significant reductions in tachycardia rates with caffeine than with theophylline were limited to male infants and infants born at &lt;30 weeks gestation.ConclusionsFor apnea treatment, caffeine has greater efficacy and fewer tachycardia than aminophylline/theophylline, especially in male infants and infants born at &lt;30 weeks gestation.
Reynoutria japonica Houtt for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults and Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Zhi-Jie , Trill Jeanne , Tan Lin-Lin , Chang Wen-Jing , Zhang Yu , Willcox Merlin , Xia Ru-Yu , Jiang Yue , Moore Michael , Liu Jian-Ping , Hu Xiao-Yang 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in some high-risk groups including children and older adults. There is evidence that Chinese herbal medicine has an effect on RTIs. Reynoutria japonica Houtt (better known under its synonym Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr.) (F. japonica), a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, has a high content of resveratrol and glycosides. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, F. japonica has the effect of clearing heat in the body, improving blood and qi circulation, eliminating phlegm, and relieving cough, so it may have an effect on RTIs.Methods: This systematic review was registered under PROSPERO CRD42020188604. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of F. japonica as a single herb, or as a component of a complex herbal formula for RTIs. Quality of methodology was assessed by two reviewers independently using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The primary outcome was symptom improvement rate. The secondary outcome measures were fever clearance time, Murray lung injury score and incidence of adverse effects. The extracted data were pooled and meta-analysed by RevMan 5.3 software.Results: Eight RCTs with 1,123 participants with acute RTIs were included in this systematic review, and all the RCTs used F. japonica as part of a herbal mixture. Only one included trial used F. japonica in a herbal mixture without antibiotics in the treatment group. The findings showed that herbal remedies that included F. japonica could increase the symptom improvement rate (risk ratio 1.14, 95% confidence intervals [1.09, 1.20], I2 = 0%, p &lt; 0.00001, n = 7 trials, 1,013 participants), shorten fever duration, reduce Murray lung injury score and did not increase adverse events (RR 0.33, 95% CI [0.11, 1.00], I2 = 0%, p = 0.05, n = 5 trials, 676 participants).Conclusion: There is limited but some evidence that F. japonica as part of a herbal mixture may be an effective and safe intervention for acute RTIs in clinical practice. In future studies it would be preferable to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using F. japonica without antibiotics for acute RTIs.
Patients With Super Obesity Do Not Perceive Themselves as Being at Higher Risk for a More Severe Course of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Schäffeler Norbert , Lohmiller Jacqueline , Mack Isabelle , Archid Rami , Zipfel Stephan , Stengel Andreas 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to major health-related concerns in the population. Several risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19 disease have been identified, with obesity taking an important role. However, it is unclear whether this association is only known in the expert world or whether individuals also experience themselves as risk patients due to their obesity and whether the desire for weight reduction may also be associated with a hoped-for risk reduction. These questions were addressed in a cross-sectional study of patients who have presented to an obesity center in order to lose body weight.MethodsPatients (n = 155) of the obesity center were asked to complete an ad hoc questionnaire to assess whether the desire to lose weight is also associated with a hoped-for risk reduction with respect to COVID-19 disease during the middle of the pandemic in the period between October 2020 and April 2021. We additionally assessed their perceived general stress using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ).ResultsIn our explorative study, overall worries correlated significantly with worries about contracting COVID-19 (r = 0.483, p &lt; 0.001). There has been an association with concerns about severe COVID-19 progression and psychological distress from the COVID-19 pandemic (r = 0.543, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, a correlation was found between persons who worry about contracting COVID-19 and feeling like an at-risk patient (r = 0.530, p &lt; 0.001). Interestingly, the higher the BMI (&gt;50 kg/m2), the lower were the worries in PSQ (ANOVA p = 0.046). However, COVID-19-related worry was nonetheless present in the higher BMI subgroups. The most intense worries were experienced by individuals with a BMI between 35 and 39 (PSQ worries 50.44), immediately followed by individuals with a BMI between 40 and 49 (PSQ worries 49.36).Discussion and ConclusionAn increased risk for a more severe course of COVID-19 infection is not generally perceived by obese individuals. In particular, individuals with very high BMI (&gt;50)—although being at very high risk for a severe course of the COVID-19 disease—do not display increased worries, which might point toward heightened denial.
PTSD in French Adolescent Victims Following the London Attack in March 2017: Data From the First Step of the AVAL Study
Authors: Coulon Nathalie , Grenon Marion , Consigny Maëlys , Simson J-P 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe terrorist attack at Westminster Bridge on March 22nd, 2017 impacted on French high school students on a school trip in London. This terrorist attack was claimed by the Islamic State. The aim of the study was to assess the mental health consequences of the attack on the French adolescents who were directly exposed (criteria A for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD). This involved three dimensions, namely: (1) clinical; (2) epidemiological; and (3) prevention and therapeutic.Material and MethodThe investigation was the first observational step of AVAL (Adolescents Victimes de l'Attentat de Londres) study, a cohort monitoring project and it was then a monocentric, cross sectional, non interventional survey, at only one-year post-trauma. The study was carried out utilizing self- and clinician-administered questionnaires. Volunteers from the medico-psychological emergency unit provided support for these victims during the study protocol.ResultsFrom the target population (n = 53), 39 adolescents (73.6%) agreed to participate, with a median age 16.9 years. 12 months after the attack, 25.6% of teenagers suffered from current PTSD (p &lt; 0.0001). Those with, vs. without, PTSD showed several significant differences: (1) heightened levels of major depressive episodes (p = 0.0266) and suicidality (p = 0.0164); (2) increased substance use, including tobacco (p = 0.0284) and cannabis (p = 0.0449); and (3) impaired functioning in school (p = 0.0203), social (p &lt; 0.0001) and family (p &lt; 0.0001) settings. Sixty four percentage of directly exposed teenagers also had a current psychiatric disorder other than PTSD.DiscussionThe heightened levels of PTSD, psychiatric disorders, and substance use at 12 months highlight the importance of early intervention in adolescents exposed to terrorist-linked potentially traumatic events.
Antipsychotic-Related Risks of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Enrollees With Schizophrenia in the National Basic Public Health Service Program in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Ouyang Feiyun , He Jun , Cheng Xunjie , Zhou Wei , Xiao Shuiyuan , Fang Junqun 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAntipsychotics contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals with schizophrenia. However, the extent of the relationship between antipsychotic use and T2DM varies in different settings, and the magnitude of the drug-specific effects fluctuates widely. This study aimed to explore the association of T2DM with antipsychotic use among enrollees with schizophrenia in China's National Basic Public Health Service Program (NBPHSP) and the drug-specific relationship with T2DM among patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy.MethodsWe recruited diabetes-free patients with schizophrenia who were enrolled in the NBPHSP of Hunan Province from October 2009 to December 2018. The participants were classified into the following three groups: regular antipsychotic use, intermittent antipsychotic use, and antipsychotic-free groups. The patients were followed up until they received a T2DM diagnosis or until April 2019. Cox regression models were constructed to calculate the overall and drug-specific hazard ratios (HRs) to determine the antipsychotic–T2DM relationship. Interactive and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the heterogeneity of the effects across subgroups.ResultsA total of 122,064 NBPHSP enrollees with schizophrenia were followed up for 1,507,829 cumulative person-years, and 2,313 (1.89%) patients developed T2DM. Patients who regularly and intermittently used antipsychotics had 117% (HR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.83–2.57) and 53% (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.23–1.90) higher risks of developing T2DM than antipsychotic-free patients, respectively. Regarding monotherapy, the T2DM risk increased by 66, 80, 62, and 64% after the regular use of clozapine, risperidone, chlorpromazine, and perphenazine, respectively. In addition, the antipsychotic-related risk of T2DM decreased as the patient's baseline body mass index, and baseline fasting plasma glucose level, as well as the dietary proportion of animal products, increased.ConclusionAntipsychotics, especially clozapine, risperidone, chlorpromazine, and perphenazine, increased the T2DM risk among NBPHSP enrollees with schizophrenia. Mental health officers should accurately identify enrollees at a high risk of T2DM and take appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of T2DM among patients with schizophrenia.
Development and Validation of a New Simple Functional Score in the Older Chinese Population
Authors: Cao Xingqi , Chen Chen , He Liu , Zheng Zhoutao , Zhang Jingyun , Hoogendijk Emiel O. , Liu Xiaoting , Li Shujuan , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhu Yimin , Liu Zuyun 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundExisting aging metrics incorporating cognitive and physical function are often not feasible for application in research and clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a new simple functional score based on self-reported cognitive and physical function in the older Chinese population.MethodsThe development sample included 3,929 older adults aged 60–95 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The validation sample included 1,345 older adults aged 60–87 years from the Rugao Longitudinal Aging study (RLAS). Logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the associations of the new functional score with all-cause mortality risk.ResultsSix items were selected to construct the new functional score in CHARLS. This functional score was associated with all-cause mortality risk, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.10 (95% confidence interval = 1.07, 1.13). This functional score presented additional predictive utility beyond age and sex, as demonstrated by the significantly increased C-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) (all P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, this functional score was further validated in RLAS, such that adding the new functional score to a model of age and sex improved all-cause mortality risk discrimination (IDI = 0.036, P &lt; 0.001; NRI = 0.485, P &lt; 0.001). To facilitate the quick screening of the older population with deteriorations in cognitive and physical function, we introduced a publicly available online tool designed for this new functional score.ConclusionsA new functional score based on six self-reported items was developed and validated in the older Chinese population, and was demonstrated to be a simple and practical tool to assess functional deterioration, showing good feasibility, and performance.