bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Neurodegenerative and Stroke Aphasia: Evidence From the Turkish Version of the Three Words Three Shapes Test
Authors: Seckin Mustafa , Özbek Begüm , Demir İlayda , Kurt Elif , Ay Ulaş , Yildirim Düzgün , Yeşilot Nilüfer , Çoban Oğuzhan , Öktem Öget , Gürvit Hakan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Although language impairment is the most salient feature of cognitive impairment in both primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and stroke aphasia (SA), memory can also be impaired in both patient populations.

Objective:
To identify distinctive features of verbal and nonverbal memory processing in individuals with PPA and those with SA.

Method:
We gave individuals with PPA (n = 14), those with SA (n = 8), and healthy controls (HC; n = 13) a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and the Turkish version of the Three Words Three Shapes Test (3W3S–Turkish). The 3W3S–Turkish Test includes five subtests: Copy, Incidental Recall, Acquisition, Delayed Recall, and Recognition. High-resolution brain scans were performed in a subset of individuals with PPA and those with SA. Lesion distribution was limited to the dorsal language areas in the SA group, whereas peak atrophy areas in the PPA group extended beyond the language network, including the medial temporal lobe, precuneus, and posterior/medial portions of the cingulate cortex.

Results:
Both the PPA and SA groups showed impairment in incidental recall, and the PPA group showed additional impairment in delayed recall. Greater impairment for verbal stimuli suggestive of material-specific memory impairment was evident in the PPA group’s scores on the Incidental Recall and Delayed Recall subtests. Both aphasia groups retained the acquired information regardless of material type.

Conclusion:
Although both aphasia groups shared similarities in the involvement of the dorsal prefrontal working memory/attention network, the PPA group showed greater impairment in delayed recall compared with the SA group.
Creating a New Set of Milestones for the Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship
Authors: Albert Dara V. F. , Hanrahan Brian J. , Felker Marcia V. , Nguyen Thy P. , Jones Lyell K. , Freedman Daniel A. , Pawar Gauri V. , Danner Nicole , Singhal Divya , McLean Sydney M. , Edgar Laura A. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology first developed milestones for the clinical neurophysiology (CNP) fellowship in 2015. The milestones provide a comprehensive evaluation of the fellow's development based on six domains of competency. Here, we describe the development of a new set of milestones for CNP fellowship with level 1 as the incoming level, level 4 as the goal for graduation, and level 5 as the aspirational level that may not be achieved.

Methods:
Committee members were nominated or volunteered to participate in the milestones update. Milestone development began with the creation of a shared mental model of the ideal skills and knowledge a graduating CNP fellow should attain.

Results:
The CNP committee met virtually 7 times for a total of 14 meeting hours. Nine Patient Care and five Medical Knowledge milestones evolved from the seven Patient Care and six Medical Knowledge milestones that were in the first iteration. The committee incorporated 11 “Harmonized Milestones” into the revision and a supplemental guide was created.

Conclusions:
The revised Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestones for CNP fellowship contain important updates that program directors should review against their curricula to identify any gaps in learning. Program leadership should take note of two new Patient Care milestones for telemedicine and intraoperative monitoring. Clinical neurophysiology fellowships are not designed to provide level 4 competency across all milestones. The revised milestones should be viewed within the context of an individual program's goals.
Addition of soluble fiber in low fat purified diets improves gut and metabolic health compared to traditional AIN diets
Authors: Griffin Laura , Radhakrishnan Sridhar , Pellizzon Michael 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPurified diets (PDs) contain refined ingredients with one main nutrient, allowing for greater control relative to grain-based diets (GBDs), which contain unrefined grains and animal byproducts. Traditional PDs like the AIN-76A (76A) and AIN-93G (93G) can negatively impact metabolic and gut health when fed long-term, in part due to lower total fiber, no soluble fiber, and higher sucrose content.ObjectiveTwo studies were conducted to determine how PDs with reduced sucrose and increased fiber (soluble and insoluble) influence metabolic and gut health in mice compared to traditional AIN PDs or GBDs.MethodsIn study 1, C57Bl/6N mice consumed a GBD (5002), 76A, 93G, or 2 Open standard PDs (OSDs) with reduced sucrose and higher fiber for 88 days. Body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. In study 2, C57Bl/6N mice consumed either 2 GBDs (5001 or 5002) or OSDs with different types/levels of fiber for 14 days. Microbiome alterations and predicted functional metagenomic changes were measured.ResultsOSD marginally influenced body weight and adiposity, but improved glucose tolerance relative to 93G (p = 0.0131) and 76A (p = 0.0014). Cecal and colonic weights were lower in mice fed cellulose-based PDs compared to those fed GBDs and soluble fiber PDs. Soluble fiber diets reduced alpha diversity and showed similar beta diversity, which differed from cellulose fed PDs and GBDs. Certain genera associated with improved gut health such asBifidobacteriaandAkkermansiawere significantly elevated by soluble fibers PDs (p≤0.01). Some metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism were affected by PDs.ConclusionPDs formulated with lower sucrose and increased fiber content, particularly soluble fiber, blunted elevations in metabolic parameters and favorably impacted microbiota and metagenome in C57BL/6N mice.
Fly-casting with ligand–sliding and orientational selection to support the complex formation of a GPCR and a middle-sized flexible molecule
Authors: Higo Junichi , Kasahara Kota , Bekker Gert-Jan , Ma Benson , Sakuraba Shun , Iida Shinji , Kamiya Narutoshi , Fukuda Ikuo , Kono Hidetoshi , Fukunishi Yoshifumi , Nakamura Haruki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo elucidate computationally a binding mechanism of a middle-sized flexible molecule, bosentan, to a GPCR protein, human endothelin receptor type B (hETB), a GA-guided multidimensional virtual-system coupled molecular dynamics (GA-mD-VcMD) simulation was performed. This method is one of generalized ensemble methods and produces a free-energy landscape of the ligand-receptor binding by searching large-scale motions accompanied with stably keeping the fragile cell-membrane structure. All molecular components (bosentan, hETB, membrane, and solvent) were represented with an all-atom model, and sampling was carried out from conformations where bosentan was distant from the binding site in the hETB’s binding pocket. The deepest basin in the resultant free-energy landscape was assigned to the native-like complex conformation. The obtained binding mechanism is as follows. First, bosentan fluctuating randomly in solution is captured by a tip region of the flexible N-terminal tail of hETB via nonspecific attractive interactions (fly-casting). Bosentan then occasionally slides from the tip to root of the N-terminal tail (ligand–sliding). In this sliding, bosentan passes the gate of the binding pocket from outside to inside of the pocket with accompanying a quick reduction of the molecular orientational variety of bosentan (orientational selection). Last, in the pocket, ligand–receptor attractive native contacts are formed, and eventually the native-like complex is completed. The bosentan-captured conformations by the tip- and root-regions of the N-terminal tail correspond to two basins in the free-energy landscape, and the ligand–sliding corresponds to overcoming a free-energy barrier between the basins.
Turning the head while biking makes older people lose cycling direction and balance
Authors: Afschrift Maarten , Matthijs Anouck , De Ryck Theresa , De Groote Friedl , De Xivry Jean-Jacques Orban 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundBike safety in older subjects is a major concern in multiple countries given the strong increase in the number of cyclists that are admitted to the hospital due to single-sided bicycle accidents in older populations. The increase in single-sided accident rate in older subjects suggests that older adults have more difficulty controlling balance while bicycling in traffic, which has been related to various age-related changes in the sensorimotor system. Yet, the impact of these age-related sensorimotor deficits on the ability of older people to remain stable on their bike during traffic situations such as turning their upper body to check on potential road users, remains unknown.MethodsWe instructed a group of 40 young (22.86 ± 1.53 years) and 41 older participants (62.73 ± 1.57 years) to bike in a straight line while performing a shoulder check movement in order to identify the color of an object presented behind them. We recorded the task-errors (lost balance, errors in identifying the color, cycling outside the lane) and computed the steering angle and rotation of the frame, pelvis and torso from IMU recordings.ResultsWe observed that older adults made task-errors (one third of the older participants failed at the task by making errors such as cone-identification errors, loss of balance and cycling outside the lane). In the successful trials, we observed an increase in steering angle and rotation of the pelvis with respect to the frame in the older subjects compared to the young subjects.SignificanceOlder cyclists lose balance while turning their head, which might contribute to the increased number of single sided bike accidents in older subjects. The use of simple devices, such as using a mirror, should be encouraged in older subjects to replace the shoulder check maneuver.
TUNNELING NANOTUBES CONNECT BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER CELLS: ROLE OF PERICYTES IN BARRIER PRESERVATION DURING ISCHEMIA
Authors: Pisani Francesco , Castagnola Valentina , Simone Laura , Loiacono Fabrizio , Svelto Maria , Benfenati Fabio 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTCrosstalk mechanisms between pericytes, endothelial cells, and astrocytes preserve integrity and function of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) under physiological conditions. Long intercellular channels allowing the transfer of small molecules and organelles between distant cells called tunneling nanotubes (TNT) represent a potential substrate for energy and matter exchanges between the tripartite cellular compartments of the BBB. However, the role of TNT across BBB cells under physiological conditions and in the course of BBB dysfunction is unknown.In this work, we analyzed the TNT’s role in the functional dialogue between human brain endothelial cells, and brain pericytes co-cultured with human astrocytes under normal conditions or after exposure to ischemia/reperfusion, a condition in which BBB breakdown occurs, and pericytes participate in the BBB repair. Using live time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we found that astrocytes form long TNT with pericytes and endothelial cells and receive functional mitochondria from both cell types through this mechanism. The mitochondrial transfer also occurred in multicellular assembloids of human BBB that reproduce the three-dimensional architecture of the BBB. Under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion, TNT formation is upregulated, and astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation were rescued from apoptosis by healthy pericytes through TNT-mediated transfer of functional mitochondria, an effect that was virtually abolished in the presence of TNT-destroying drugs. The results establish a functional role of TNT in the crosstalk between BBB cells and demonstrate that TNT-mediated mitochondrial transfer from pericytes rescues astrocytes from ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. Our data confirm that the pericytes might play a pivotal role in preserving the structural and functional integrity of BBB under physiological conditions and participate in BBB repair in brain diseases.
Remdesivir, Zidovudine (AZT) and Nevirapine inhibit Chandipura virus replication through high energy interactions with the RdRp domain of the polymerase protein L
Authors: Mandal Dibyakanti , Pandey Deeksha , Sarkar Debi P. , Kumar Manish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChandipura Virus (CHPV), a rhabdovirus belonging to mononegavirales, is an emerging pathogen in Indian subcontinent. The virus infection causes fever, brain encephalitis among the young children below 14 yrs of age. In recent past, several outbreaks and deaths among children were reported from in India. There are no targeted drugs or vaccines available against CHPV and symptomatic treatments are the only option. In this background, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of some priviously known viral RNA polymerase inhibitor drugs on CHPV replication. First, we examined remdesivir, which is known to inhibit HCV, Ebola and SARS-CoV-2 replication and close structural similarity along with conserved residues in the finger region of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain is the basis of replication inhibition. Our results showed that remdesivir inhibits CHPV replication in vero E6 cells to a significant level. In this study we have also included non-nucleoside anti-retroviral inhibitor (NNRTI) drug nevirapine, and nucleoside inhibitor (NRTI) drug AZT (Zidovudine) to determine if these are also able to inhibit CHPV replication. Interestingly, we observed inhibition of CHPV replication by both nevirapine and AZT (in the order nevirapine>AZT), albeit to a lesser extent compared to remdesivir. We next performed molecular docking and modeling study to get an insight about the interactions of these drugs with CHPV polymerase protein. Modeling study predicts that remdesivir has most favourable CHPV polymerase binding energy among these three drugs. Both remdesivor and AZT binds near the polymerase active site through interctions with residues in finger and palm regions of RdRp. In contrast, nevirapine binds to the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the RdRp. In summary, we found remdesivir as a potent inhibitor of CHPV. A combination therapy including remdesivir, nevirapine and AZT may be a better drug cocktail to treat CHPV disease. Our findings warrant further studies of these drugs against CHPV in animal models for clinical use in near future.
Effect of stator height change on bearing life in aircraft autopilot servos
Authors: Ortamevzi Gurkan , Sahin Yalcin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to make a more precise prediction of the life of servo motors used in aircraft. The variation of the axial load created by the wave washer for bearing, which is one of the factors affecting the bearing life of the electric motors and servo motors used in aircraft, was analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
In electric motors and servo motors that body as stator, the height of the stator stack affects the compression amount of the wave washer spring. Working with electric motor and servo manufacturers, production-related variations in stator height were determined by making multiple measurements. The reaction forces resulting from these compression amounts were simulated by mathematical modeling with the finite element method, and also experimentally measured on real parts.

Findings
Results obtained with finite element method and real experiments were compared. By adding the force differences to the general operating conditions, the effect on the bearing life was theoretically determined. In a servo motor with this type of construction, the difference in stator height created different axial loads on the motor shaft. The difference of these loads affected the motor bearing life.

Research limitations/implications
The results implicated in terms of flight safety, maintenance operation and resource efficiency.

Practical implications
The results of this study are effective in determining the maintenance intervals more clearly. This study can be used for the design criteria of aircraft servo motors. These servos, which are especially used to move the flight control surfaces, contribute to flight safety as the life expectancy will be clearer.

Social implications
This study may be effective in preventing aviation accidents caused by servo motors. It can make maintenance management more efficient.

Originality/value
This study investigated the effect of aircraft servo motor design inputs on servo motor life, considering the production.
Experimental analysis of friction stir welded aviation grade AA8090 joints using Taguchi orthogonal array
Authors: Panwar Raghuraj , Chandna Pankaj 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to predict the performance of friction stir welded AA8090 joint.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present study, Al-Li AA8090 plates are butt joined using friction stir welding (FSW). The experiments are designed and optimized using a Taguchi-orthogonal array. The experiments are conducted at three different process parameters, i.e. tool rotational speed (TRS), tool transverse speed (TTS) and dwell time (DT). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness (MH) are considered as response parameters. In addition, a statistical tool (ANOVA) is used to check the adequacy of experiment results.

Findings
The maximum UTS of 220 MPa is obtained at a TRS of 1,400 rpm, tool TTS of 40 mm/min and DT of 15 s. The maximum microhardness is obtained for 1,400 rpm, 25 mm/min and 8 s, i.e. 108.6 HV. The microstructural showed that the minimum grain is observed at the nugget zone. Fractography analysis revealed the ductile behaviour of fractured surfaces.

Originality/value
From the reported literature, it has been observed that very limited work is reported on the FSW of AA8090 alloy. Further, the thermal behaviour of welded joint is also observed in this experimental work.
Profiling the online premium brand consumers based on their fashion orientation
Authors: Sondhi Neena , Basu Rituparna 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis paper attempts to explore and identify the growing segments of online buyers of premium brands in the context of the post-pandemic market in India. The multi-dimensional trait of fashion orientation has been used as the psychographic construct for segmenting young urban consumers who shop on e-commerce platforms.Design/methodology/approachAn online study across major cities resulted in a sample of 555 urban consumers of premium apparel and accessories brands. Hierarchical, two-step and k-means cluster analysis were conducted to identify diverse consumer segments and arrive at a demographic and usage-based profiling of the clusters. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance was conducted to assess the key drivers for an online purchase among the obtained segments.FindingsThe pioneering use of fashion orientation as a base for segmentation helped identify three distinct clusters of socially conscious fashionistas, fashion involved and fashion indifferent buyers. The study identified significant differences in the demographic composition as well as their usage patterns and purchase motivations to shop online.Originality/valueThe study looks at an extremely important but neglected category of premium brands. The distinct clusters of premium brand buyers highlighted by the study adds theoretical value as well as managerial insights for the premium brand marketer as they seek to target consumers in Asian economies.
Temporary and permanent agency workers. A study of perceived organizational support and dual commitment
Authors: Cicellin Mariavittoria , Tomo Andrea , Consiglio Stefano , Moschera Luigi , Aria Massimo 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the effects of the type of agency contract on the relationship between agency workers' organizational commitment and perceived organizational support.Design/methodology/approachThe authors extend a previously developed model considering organizational support and affective commitment by including also continuance commitment in the Italian employment agency industry. The authors use a probabilistic stratified sampling method on a sample of 8,283 agency workers. Data were analyzed with structural equation modelling (SEM) and multiple group analyses.FindingsThe findings confirm the positive relationship between perceived organizational support from both the agency and the client organization and agency workers' affective commitment to them. The authors also find that agency workers develop a mutually related dual commitment in response to the support they receive from both organizations.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on agency workers and suggests useful managerial and policy makers interventions for both temporary work agencies and client organizations for the development of the agency industry as well as the well-being of workers.
Intellectual property and the African continental free trade area: lessons and recommendations for the IP protocol
Authors: Ncube Caroline B. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the contours of the future intellectual property (IP) protocol of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Agreement.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper frames the IP protocol within the architecture of the AfCFTA Agreement, meaning that it will follow the structure of other protocols and will be guided by the Agreement’s foundational principles and objectives. With the place, shape and form of the protocol so established, the paper considers the substantive aspects that ought to be addressed. It also considers provisions on technical assistance, capacity building and cooperation.

Findings
The paper finds that the Tripartite Free Trade Phase 2 IP agenda is a credible starting place, which must be broadened to better meet gendered challenges and the continent’s developmental priorities. This will entail including provisions on specific aspects enumerated in the paper, which must be aligned with provisions on technical assistance, capacity building and cooperation to enhance implementation. The best outcomes in the negotiation, adoption and implementation of the IP protocol will be achieved by an inclusive approach incorporating all national, sub-regional and regional institutions guided by coherent policy and coordinated to ensure efficiency in resources and capacity mobilisation.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first paper to formally consider both the architecture and substantive provisions of the future AfCFTA IP protocol with specific focus on gendered dimensions.