bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mask mouth: An evaluation of emerging problem amongst orthodontic patients
Authors: Medha Tanna , Gopinath Kallampilly , Suryakant Powar , Sumeet Ghonmode 
Published: March 2022

To evaluate the oral health problems faced by the orthodontic patients arising due to prolong use of mask. A cross-sectional survey was administered via a web platform. The patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were invited to participate in the study. Minimum sample size of 325 estimated. Structured questionnaire was developed. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient. Cronbach’s alpha of questionnaire was 0.909. Test-retest reliability to measure external consistency was assessed on 30 study subjects with two-weeks interval between two observations. The correlation coefficient was 0.9 indicating good reproducibility and reliability of questionnaire. The analysis was performed using Social Sciences statistical software. (SPSS, version 20.0). The estimated prevalence rates presented with 95% confidence interval. Descriptive statistics was used to find the frequencies, mean and standard deviation. The chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables. Out of 341 responders, 158 were males and 183 were Females and were between the age group of 10 to 40 years. Majority of the patients were wearing fixed type of appliance and can wear cloth mask comfortably for 1-5 hours and prefer re-usable mask.
Theories of Blended Learning: A Novel Approach to Tertiary Neuroanatomy
Authors: Whiting Harrison , Blackmore Conner , Vitali Julian , Langfield Tracey , Colthorpe Kay , Ernst Hardy , Ainscough Louise 
Published: March 2022

Anatomical dissections and prosected cadaveric specimens are currently believed to be the most beneficial delivery method for tertiary anatomy education. However, there is increasing demand within the tertiary medical education community for alternative delivery methods to complement current teaching practices, particularly in the complex field of neuroanatomy. To ensure that students learning of neuroanatomy is effective, it is necessary to take an evidenced-based approach. Therefore, this review will compare and contrast the different factors involved in learning neuroanatomy and the different modalities that can be used to teach this complex topic. Further, this review will also highlight the differences between individual and mixed-model delivery systems, which may influence the current pedagogies surrounding tertiary neuroanatomy in the dynamic educational setting.
E99: Desktop Game Application for Learning Asmaul Husna
Authors: Ahmad Jasni , Mahardika Della Maudy 
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, students still use conventional methods to learn about the Asmaul Husna, the use of technology has not been fully utilized. This causes difficulty in understanding of students in the learning process. Moreover, causing boredom in memorizing Asmaul Husna. Need appropriate learning media needed so students become more interested in memorizing the Asmaul Husna. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design and develop the game to introduce Asmaul Husna in the form of the game called “E99” a game application of learning Asmaul Husna. This study involves 20 students aged 7 – 14 years old. The method used to carry out formative evaluation is the quantitative method and Perceived Usefulness and Ease of Use (PUEU) and Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS) as an instrument. Overall findings show this application 89% useful, 83.75% ease of use and 85.5% satisfying. It indicates E99 is effective game for help students recognize and memorize Asmaul Husna.
Archaeomalakológiai adatok a középső bronzkori Hernádbűd- Várdomb régészeti feltárásának eredményeihez
Authors: Gulyás Sándor 
Published: March 2022

Jelen munkában a Hemádbűd-Várdomb középsőbronzkori település előzetes régészeti feltárása során előkerült kagylóanyag részletes archeomalakológiai vizsgálatát végeztük el. A kapott eredmények bemutatásával szeretnénk választ találni arra a kérdésre, hogy milyen módon tükrözi a kagylófauna az egykori bronzkori közösség és a település közelében található folyóvízi környezet kapcsolatát.
Neue Angaben zu dem Körpergrab der Hügelgräberkultur von Szentes-Ecser Déló Tanya (Kom. Csongrád)
Authors: Jankovits Katalin 
Published: March 2022

In den archäologischen Daten des Koszta József Museums in Szentes, stieß ich auf ein Foto und eine Aufzeichnung der Bronzen des hügelgräberzeitlichen (Bz B2-C) Grabes von Elemér Zalotay.
La Тёпе kerámiaművesség a Dél-Dunántúlon. A LT B2 Cl időszakok jellemző kerámiaegyüttesei település-leletanyagok alapján
Authors: B. Szöllősi Szilvia 
Published: March 2022

A Dél-Dunántúl La Тёпе-időszakát napjainkig főként síregyüttesekből ismeri a kutatás. Az elmúlt évtizedekben a nagyberuházásokhoz köthető megelőző leletmentő ásatások során feltárt La Тёпе-kori települések a településkutatás oldaláról tovább bővítették a korszak megismerését. A tanulmányban vizsgált négy, a LT B2-C1 időszakra keltezhető lelőhelyről - Paks-Gyapa, Dunaszentgyörgy, - 6. sz. főút, Ordacsehi-Csereföld, Harc-Janyapuszta - előkerült kerámia leletanyag részletes elemzése és összehasonlítása lehetővé teszi a La Téne-edényművesség főbb technológiai és tipológiai vonásainak felvázolását a dél-dunántúli régióban. A tárgyalt leletegyütteseknek a velük egykorú északkelet-magyarországi telepleletekkel történő összevetésével a két földrajzi régió La Téneedényművessége közötti hasonlóságok és eltérések is vizsgálhatók.
Szarmata településrészlet Bugac-Bimbó határrészből. Időrendi adatok a Duna–Tisza-köz 2–3. századi településtörténetéhez
Authors: Sóskuti Kornél 
Published: March 2022

Jelen tanulmány egy gázvezeték építéséhez kapcsolódó megelőző feltárás alkalmával előkerült, 2–3. századi szarmata településrészletet mutat be. A viszonylag gazdag római leletanyag újabb adatokkal egészíti ki ismereteinket az egyes tárgytípusokról és azok barbarikumi előfordulásáról (amphora, pecsételt kerámia, pannoniai szürke kerámia). A leletanyag időrendi besorolása a hagyományos régészeti módszerek mellett radiokarbon kormeghatározással történt. Az utóbbi módszer az alföldi szarmata települések esetében az első, kísérleti jellegű adatsort szolgáltatja a kutatás számára.
Bepecsételt díszítésű kerámia a magyarországi Przeworsk településeken: a „Bereg-kultúra” értelmezése
Authors: Soós Eszter 
Published: March 2022

A Felső-Tisza vidék hegyvidéki folyóvölgyeiben a Kr. u. 2–4. században az általában vandálokkal azonosított, lengyelországi eredetű Przeworsk-kultúra hordozói telepedtek meg. Településeiken a helyben készített, kézzel formált finom és durva edények mellett már a Kr. u. 2. század második felétől elterjedt a gyorskorongolt kerámia használata. A specializálódott fazekastelepeken és a faluszéli műhelyekben előállított, gyorskorongolt edények egy részét a daciai, elsősorban a porolissumi római provinciális fazekasság hatására bepecsételt díszítéssel látták el. Az ismert műhelyek alapján Beregsurány- vagy Blažice-típusúnak nevezett barbaricumi termékek lelőhelyei a szakirodalomban gyakran „Bereg-kultúra” elnevezéssel szerepelnek. Jelen tanulmányban tíz, nagyrészt közöletlen magyarországi Przeworsk település bepecsételt díszű edénytöredékei kerülnek elemzésre. Az eredmények alapján a terület – a bepecsételt edények szempontjából – adaciai limes előterével, Zilah térségével és a Hernád szlovákiai szakaszával szorosabb kapcsolatban állhatott, mint a Szatmári és a Beregi-sík kerámiaművességével.
Avar kor végi település Északkelet-Magyarországon: Nagykálló-Harangod
Authors: Gergely Katalin 
Published: March 2022

A Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum nyírségi leletmentése során 2011-ben egy késő népvándorlás kori, kora középkori falusias település látott napvilágot. A települést földbe süllyesztett padlójú, feltehetően boronaszerkezetes épületek alkották. A házak leletanyaga csekély, összetétele ugyanakkor figyelemre méltó: a jó minőségű kézi korongolt fazekak mellett durva kivitelű sütőharangok és sütőtálak/agyagtepsik kerültek elő. A leletegyüttes a települést az avar kor végére, a 9. századra keltezi.
Egy Árpád-kor végi kerámiaegyüttes a budai Csónak utcából
Authors: Magyar Eszter 
Published: March 2022

A Budapesti Történeti Múzeum 2000–2001-ben a Budapest, I. kerületi Csónak u. 1–3. sz. telken régészeti feltárást végzett Tóth Anikó vezetésével, amely a Lónyay-Hatvany villa újjáépítése kapcsán vált szükségessé. Az ásatás során a már részben ismert török kori emlékeken kívül intenzív középkori megtelepedés nyomai is napvilágra kerültek, melyek egészen az Árpád-kor végéig visszakövethetők voltak. Jelen tanulmány az itt előkerült két gödör kerámiaanyagát mutatja be.
New Late Bronze Age helmet cheek guard and an “arm guard” from Transdanubia
Authors: Tarbay Gábor 
Published: March 2022

The brief study introduces two new Late Bronze Age (Ha A1) bronze armour parts, a helmet cheek guard and an “armguard”. Both objects come from the collection of Dr. Zoltán Repkényi. The cheek guard was allegedly found at “Kapospula-Halastavak” decades ago as part of a larger Ha A1 hoard. According to the Collector, the “arm guard” or “armband” came to light together with a repoussé decorated knob. This “assemblage” originate from the “south Balaton region, north of Kaposvár”. These finds are most likely to be dated to the same period as the “Kapospula” assemblage or earlier (Rei. Br A2), based on a find from Unín.
EU Regulation on Banning of Airlines for Safety Concerns
Authors: Mpande Cheryl S. , Reitzfeld Alan D. 
Published: March 2022

This article will describe the recent European Union (‘EU’) legislation in the area of banning third-country airlines for failure to meet safety criteria. It will also help guide the reader through some of the mechanics of the various inter-related regulations.
At the outset, it would be helpful to identify some of the principal regulations: Regulation (EC) No 2111/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2005 is known as the ‘basic regulation.’ It establishes the general mechanism to create and update a Community list of third-country air carriers that are subject to an operating ban within the Community for not meeting safety criteria.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 473/2006 of 22 March 2006 sets down the specific implementing rules for establishing and primarily for updating the list of air carriers subject to the operating ban.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 474/2006, also of 22 March 2006, establishes the initial operating ban list. Annex A includes a list of carriers as to which all operations are subject to a ban within the Community. Annex B lists carriers whose operations are subject to operational restrictions.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 910/2006 of 20 June 2006, amends Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 and establishes an updated operating ban list.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1543/2006 of 12 October 2006 amends Regulation (EC) No 474/2006, as amended by Regulation (EC) No 910/2006, and establishes a further updated operating ban list.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 235/2007 of 5 March 2007 amends Regulation (EC) No 474/2006 and establishes a further updated operating ban list.
EU Aviation Scene: Major Developments August 2007 – November 2007
Authors: Goeteyn Geert 
Published: March 2022

This article gives an overview of the major developments on the EU aviation scene between 1 August 2007 and 30 November 2007. During this period,
? the Commission adopted its Communication with regard to Regulation 793/2004 on slot allocation at congested European airports (section 1) and published its proposal for a new Code of Conduct for Computerized Reservation Systems (section 2);
? the Commission approved, following an in-depth investigation, the proposed acquisition of Worldspan by Galileo’s owner Travelport (section 3); and invited third parties to comment on the remedies package proposed by the members of the Skyteam alliance in order to eliminate the competition concerns identified by the Commission in its investigation of the alliance (section 4). In addition, there were important developments in the field of State aid (section 5);
? there have been a number of noteworthy European external aviation developments which are summarized in section 6;
? the European Parliament came out in support of the Commission’s proposal to include aviation in the European Emissions Trading Scheme, but made a number of fundamental amendments to the proposal. The extent to which the Commission’s proposal is controversial became abundantly clear during the ICAO September meeting, where it met fierce opposition from a large group of non-EU countries. The European Parliament’s position and the outcome of the ICAO meeting are examined in more detail in section 7; and
? the Commission published its Discussion Paper on the operation of Regulation 785/2004 on insurance requirements for air carriers and aircraft operators (section 8), and finalized its investigation (together with national authorities) into misleading airline ticket websites (section 9).
The Crime of Flying The Way Forward to 1784
Authors: Caplan Harold 
Published: March 2022

Despite remarkable improvement in the overall civil aviation safety record over the last sixty years, a world-renowned Judge, with unrivalled experience of aviation law and policy-making, reports that safety is more difficult to ensure today than in the past. Amongst contributory factors, he notes serious deficiencies in around forty States, some of which register aircraft or companies over which they have practically no control.
The practical and legal problems identified by the Judge can only be resolved by Member States under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). An economical approach would be to re-examine and further develop a wise Council Resolution of 1948 – leading to a project for ‘Uniform Law’ governing every aspect of civil aviation safety. The United States paved the way in 1926. Uniform Law would enable all 190 States (parties to the 1944 Chicago Convention) – big and small, to rely always on unique minimum Standards and Manuals of Good Practice established under the aegis of ICAO. Most of the hard work has already been done.
Any higher standards said to be required on a national or regional basis should be exceptional, and would have to be science-based, subject to the informed consent of all stakeholders.
In order to enforce the Uniform Law there would be need for only one crime of flying – acting without an appropriate license or permit. This would be the twenty-first Century international version of the world’s first aeronautical regulation in Paris, 1784. Without the slightest compromise in the preservation or development of safety standards, this simple step would dramatically reduce the number of criminal prosecutions in aviation, both before and after serious accidents. And if this feature of the Uniform Law was treated as a complete substitute for all other possible prosecutions arising out of aircraft accidents, it would be consistent with the aims of those who argue for a ‘Just Society’ – most cogently represented by the internationally respected Flight Safety Foundation. It would represent an unprecedented consensus between civil law and common law jurisdictions.
Those accused in the forthcoming criminal trial in France arising out of Concorde’s last tragedy in 2000 include both French and US citizens. Hence this trial should yield ample material for a constructive debate within ICAO about what is truly necessary to ensure long-term, worldwide, public confidence in the continuing safety of civil aviation. The results of that debate should vitalize the Uniform Law project.
Regulation (EC) 261/2004 in the Light of the Recent Decisions of the European Court of Justice: Time for a Change?!
Authors: Arnold Kinga 
Published: March 2022

Regulation (EC) 261/2004 has been drawn up to protect passengers who are faced with denied boarding, delay, and cancellation of flights. The air transport industry can be regarded as a test case for the implementation of passenger protection measures as similar legislation was passed for rail passengers as late as 2007, and the rights of passengers travelling by bus and coach and by sea and inland waterway are still under discussion. Providers of other modes of transport are not obliged to grant similar protection to their users. Air passengers have become more aware of their rights as have consumers generally.
This article will analyse the provisions of Regulation 261/2004 in the light of the most recent jurisprudence, more particularly the decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) of 19 November 2009, as referred to below. National courts are confused about the interpretation of the provisions of this Regulation. In order to find guidance on the subject, they submit their questions to the Court of Justice of the EU, as they have done in the cases discussed in this article.
Arguably, the fragile cohesion resulting from the complex compromise reached between the various parties has not assisted, and indeed has even been prejudiced, by the Court’s decisions. We hope that the second decade of this century will see a more balanced approach towards the European policy objectives while respecting international law and international relations.
Ensuring Regional Safety in Air Transport
Authors: Abeyratne Ruwantissa 
Published: March 2022

Regional governance under State responsibility is an undeniable necessity in ensuring safety in air transport. However, since international air transport crosses boundaries and all regions of the world, a certain stringent global regulatory system is required, and this objective cannot be reached unless the safety oversight system is decentralized into safety agencies in each region. This is because although air transport is still considered the safest mode of travel, constant and diligent vigilance in ensuring the safety of aviation is required. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which is the global forum for aviation, provides this guidance and direction and encourages States to form regional civil aviation bodies in regions where they do not exist. Since almost all regional civil aviation bodies have their own Constitutions, these Constitutions should recognize the need for increased cooperation with ICAO and ICAO should actively seek such an inclusion. Cooperation could include assignment of tasks related to oversight, accident investigation, sharing of information, and the conduct of training in collaboration with ICAO.
Some of the measures that are suggested in this article include the initiation by ICAO, where appropriate, of periodic meetings with regional civil aviation bodies and the setting up of panels that include members from ICAO and each regional body on a selective basis. These panels is could recommend and monitor issues of cooperation, including cooperation between the various regional organizations.
There is also the compelling need to define the role that regional organizations and regional civil aviation bodies would play in working closely with ICAO; and the adoption of a policy with regard to cooperation with regional organizations and regional civil aviation bodies. ICAO should also ascertain the role to be played by its regional offices in coordinating ICAO cooperation with such bodies. Consideration should be given to providing appropriate resources in regional offices where necessary.
This article discusses in some depth the various regional safety oversight organization (RSOO) agencies and examines the legal and regulatory basis of ICAO’s role with regard to the establishment and functions of RSOOs with reference to selected regional oversight organizations around the world.
Ownership and Control Restrictions in US Aviation Law
Authors: Linzell Sheri 
Published: March 2022

This article compares US ownership and control laws in the aviation and maritime sectors and argues that US aviation ownership and control laws should be modified to more closely resemble those used in the US maritime sector in order to permit greater foreign investment in US airlines. US airlines have faced decades of financial instability and will continue to be hobbled by US ownership and control laws that greatly restrict the amount of foreign capital they can access. In contrast to the financial difficulties facing US airlines, many major foreign airlines have thrived in the increasingly global marketplace by taking advantage of more flexible foreign investment laws and engaging in cross-border mergers. These foreign airlines – as well as the US maritime industry and nearly all other US industries – engage in cross-border mergers and acquisitions and utilize significant amounts of foreign capital.
Current ownership and control laws require that carriers wishing to operate aircraft in the United States hold a certificate of public convenience, which will only be issued to individuals who are US citizens;partnerships whose partners are all US citizens; and US corporations of which the president and at least two-thirds of the board of directors and other managing officers are US citizens, which is under the actual control of US citizens, and in which at least 75% of the voting interest is owned or controlled by US citizens. In contrast, many US flag vessels are permitted to be up to 100% owned by foreign stockholders.
The liberalization of US aviation ownership and control laws would likely result in increased access to foreign capital for US airlines, more efficiency due to consolidation in the airline industry, and increased cross-border investment, which would help stabilize the volatile US airline industry. Opponents to the liberalization of US aviation ownership and control restrictions argue that such liberalization would result in flags of convenience, national security problems, the loss of American jobs, and the risk that other countries may not follow suit in liberalizing their ownership and control laws.
The Department of Transportation (DOT) has attempted to adopt rules that would liberalize the US aviation ownership and control laws, but it has been unsuccessful in its attempts, in part due to significant opposition in Congress. The United States has, however, signed several international agreements that indicate a shift towards the acceptance of less stringent ownership and control laws in the aviation sector. US airlines would likely enjoy greater financial stability, which would also benefit US consumers, if US aviation ownership and control laws were revised to more closely resemble those used in the maritime sector.
Ruling on Conditions of Carriage by the Federal Court of Justice
Authors: Vogler Ralf 
Published: March 2022

Almost every airline utilizes conditions of carriage clauses to penalize passengers in case of an insequential use of flight coupons. Usually, those clauses lead to an immediate expiration of the whole ticket. Instances of insequential use of flight coupons can happen in various ways. In most cases, the customer is either involved in a cross-ticketing or a cross-border-ticketing scenario.
In Germany, clauses used in the conditions of carriage are subject to a review according to the rules of review for general terms and conditions as per the German Civil Code (sections 305 to 310). With its final instance rulings, the Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) declared such expiration clauses illegal for most cases.
The Federal Court of Justice declared his rulings binding for both cross-ticketing and cross-border-ticketing scenarios. Given the importance of the decisions and the consequences for airlines and consumers alike, it is necessary to discuss the ruling in detail and present options to adapt to the new legal conditions.