bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions pathways to reduce tuberculosis-related stigma: a literature review and conceptual framework
Authors: Nuttall Charlotte , Fuady Ahmad , Nuttall Holly , Dixit Kritika , Mansyur Muchtaruddin , Wingfield Tom 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of tuberculosis (TB)-related stigma is vital to achieving the World Health Organisation’s End TB Strategy target of eliminating TB. However, the process and impact evaluation of interventions to reduce TB-stigma are limited. This literature review aimed to examine the quality, design, implementation challenges, and successes of TB-stigma intervention studies and create a novel conceptual framework of pathways to TB-stigma reduction.MethodWe searched relevant articles recorded in four scientific databases from 1999 to 2022, using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, supplemented by the snowball method and complementary grey literature searches. We assessed the quality of studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool, then reviewed study characteristics, data on stigma measurement tools used, and interventions implemented, and designed a conceptual framework to illustrate the pathways to TB-stigma reduction in the interventions identified.ResultsOf 14,259 articles identified, eleven met inclusion criteria, of which three were high quality. TB-stigma reduction interventions consisted mainly of education and psychosocial support targeted predominantly toward three key populations: people with TB, healthcare workers, and the public. No psychosocial interventions for people with TB set TB-stigma reduction as their primary or co-primary aim. Eight studies on healthcare workers and the public reported a decrease in TB-stigma attributed to the interventions. Despite the benefits, the interventions were limited by a dearth of validated stigma measurement tools. Three of eight studies with quantitative stigma measurement questionnaires had not been previously validated among people with TB. No qualitative studies used previously validated methods or tools to qualitatively evaluate stigma. On the basis of these findings, we generated a conceptual framework that mapped the population targeted, interventions delivered, and their potential effects on reducing TB-stigma towards and experienced by people with TB and healthcare workers involved in TB care.ConclusionsInterpretation of the limited evidence on interventions to reduce TB-stigma is hampered by the heterogeneity of stigma measurement tools, intervention design, and outcome measures. Our novel conceptual framework will support mapping of the pathways to impacts of TB-stigma reduction interventions.Graphical Abstract
Predictors for the duration of breastfeeding among ethiopia women of childbearing age with babies; application of accelerate failure time and parametric shared frailty models
Authors: Mulugeta Getahun , Tesfaye Dagne , Tegegne Awoke Seyoum 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Duration of breastfeeding is the length of the time that infants who were initially breastfed continue to receive breast milk until weaning. The duration of breastfeeding is important for a child's health, growth, and development. However, the duration of breastfeeding decreases from time to time and further leads children to be exposed to malnutrition (stunting, wasting, and weight loss). Children who did not get enough breastfeeding are also exposed to different diseases. Previous studies used a simple survival model and didn’t see the shared frailty model on the variable of interest. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding among Ethiopian women of reproductive age with babies.

Methods
A cross-sectional study design was conducted on 15,400 women of childbearing age with babies in nine regional states and two city administrations. The data source for the analysis was the 2016 EDHS data. The Cox-proportional hazard model, AFT, and parametric shared frailty models were conducted for the current investigation. Weibull-gamma shared frailty model was in favor of others for current data analysis.

Results
Among the covariates, women living in urban area (Φ = 0.96; 95% CI; (0.94,0.97); p-value = 0.001), non-educated women(Φ = 1.03; 95% CI; (1.00,1.06); p-value = 0.039), primary educated women (Φ = 1.13; 95% CI; (1.11,1.15); p-value < 0.001), age of a child (Φ = 0.99; 95% CI; (0.76.0.99); p-value < 0.001) and non-smoker mothers (Φ = 1.60; 95% CI; (1.57, 1.63); p-value < 0.001),birth interval between 2–3 years(Φ = 1.02; 95% CI;(1.09, 1.25, p-value = 0.027), birth interval, > 3 years(Φ = 1.28; 95% CI; (1.06, 1.43); p-value < 0.01 significantly affected the duration of breastfeeding. The median survival time of breastfeeding of women of reproductive age with babies considered under study was 23.4 months. Clustering had a significant effect on the variable of interest.

Conclusion
Residence area, level of education, age of the child, smoking status of women, and birth interval of successive birth significantly affected the duration of breastfeeding in the current investigation. Hence, the health staff should conduct health-related education for young women, educated women, urban women, smoker women, and women with a shorter interval of birth to increase the women's attitude and awareness towards the use of long-duration of breastfeeding.
A Novel Oncodental Collaborative Team: Integrating Expertise for Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection Prevention in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Bledsaw Kandice , Prudowsky Zachary D. , Yang Esther , Harriehausen Claudia X. , Robins Jenell , DeJean Janet , Staton Sharon , Campbell Judith R. , Davis Andrea L. , George Anil , Steffin David , Stevens Alexandra M. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE: Pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplant patients are at high risk of infection, and limitations to dental expertise among medical providers render patients vulnerable to central line–associated bloodstream infections from oral pathogens. Traditionally, oral health maintenance relied on patients and bedside nurses; however, routine methods are often suboptimal to prevent central line–associated bloodstream infection in high-risk patients. Limited overlap of medical and dental expertise, and limited dental resources in typical oncology units, prevent optimal oral care for children with cancer, requiring novel solutions to better integrate specialties. METHODS: Here, we outline the creation of a novel Pediatric oncodental team to address oral-systemic infection prevention strategies for high-risk patients. RESULTS: Our oncology and dental teams created a systematic approach for increasing oral surveillance and treatment in select high-risk patients. Supervised pediatric dental residents participated in scheduled oncology rounds, and a permanent oral health educator with a background in dental hygiene was also hired as a dedicated dental professional within our oncology department. CONCLUSION: Our pediatric oncodental team aims to sustain optimal oral complication prevention strategies to reduce the risk of infection, provide education on the significance of the oral-systemic link in cancer care, and improve access and continuity of care.
How Does Mortality Contribute to Lifetime Pension Inequality? Evidence From Five Decades of Swedish Taxation Data
Authors: Shi Jiaxin , Kolk Martin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As with many social transfer schemes, pension systems around the world are often progressive: individuals with lower incomes receive a higher percentage of their income as a subsequent pension. On the other hand, those with lower earnings have higher mortality and thus accumulate fewer years of pension income. Both of these opposing factors influence the progressiveness of pension systems. Empirical efforts to disentangle the effects of mortality inequality on lifetime pension inequality have been scarce. Using Swedish taxation data linked with death registers for 1970–2018, we study how education and preretirement earnings relate to lifetime pensions from age 60 onward and how mortality inequalities contribute to overall inequalities in lifetime pensions. The results show that a progressive replacement structure and mortality differences contribute to the overall distribution of pension payments over the life course. Up to one quarter of lifetime pension inequality is attributable to the greater longevity of socially advantaged groups—particularly among men. Hence, mortality inequalities are an important determinant of the overall degree of between-group income transfers in a pension system, but they are not as important as inequalities in prior earnings.
The Oxidative–Glycolytic Balance Influenced by Sprint Duration Is Key during Repeated Sprint in Hypoxia
Authors: RABERIN ANTOINE , ELMER JOAKIM , WILLIS SARAH J. , RICHARD THOMAS , VERNILLO GIANLUCA , IAIA F. MARCELLO , GIRARD OLIVIER , MALATESTA DAVIDE , MILLET GRÉGOIRE P. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study investigates the effects of normobaric hypoxia on repeated sprint exercise (RSE) with different balance between oxidative (phosphocreatine and oxidative pathway) and glycolytic contributions. Therefore, performance and psychophysiological responses were compared during RSE to exhaustion with the same exercise-to-rest ratio (1:2) but different sprint durations (5, 10, or 20 s) either in normoxic (RSN) or hypoxic (RSH; Fio
2 = 0.13) conditions.

Methods
On separate visits, 10 active participants completed in random order three cycling RSN (5:10; 10:20 and 20:40) and three similar RSH sessions to exhaustion. Vastus lateralis muscle oxygenation was recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy. Blood lactate concentration, limb and breathing discomfort, and ratings of perceived exertion were measured.

Results
Total sprint number was smaller in hypoxia than in normoxia for 5:10 (20.8 ± 8.6 vs 14.7 ± 3.4; P = 0.014) and 10:20 (13.7 ± 6.3 vs 8.8 ± 2.5; P = 0.018) but not 20:40 (5.6 ± 1.9 vs 5.6 ± 2.5). The fatigue index was larger in hypoxia only for 5:10 (−43.5%, P < 0.001). Irrespective of condition, blood lactate concentration increased with the sprint duration with higher values for 20:40 than 5:10 (13.1 ± 2.7 vs 11.5 ± 2.2 mmoL·L−1; P = 0.027). Limb and breathing discomfort and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ in all RSE. Muscle oxygenation was mainly impacted by sprint duration (i.e., main effect of sprint duration on [HHb] min, [tHb] max, Δ[HHb], and Δ[tHb]) but not by hypoxia. The normoxia-to-hypoxia percentage decrease for total sprint number for 5:10 was correlated with the highest power output over 5 s (R
2 = 0.55; P = 0.013) and 10 s (R
2 = 0.53; P = 0.016).

Conclusions
Hypoxia impairs repeated sprint ability when the oxidative but not the glycolytic contribution is substantial. The oxidative–glycolytic balance, influenced partly by sprint duration, is key during repeated sprint in hypoxia.
Self-medication for anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19, in users who go to a drugstore in Los Olivos, Lima in 2021
Authors: Esteves Pairazaman Ambrocio Teodoro , Ñañez del Pino Daniel , Ibarra Fretell Walter Gregorio , Arbieto Mamani Oscar , Pozo Enciso Rosmery Sabina , Esteves Cardenas Veronica Liset , VALVERDE FLORES YSABEL , ARIAS ANCHIHUAY ELISABET FIORELA , MANRIQUE CARHUAS PABLO RAFAEL 
Published: September 2022

Background: Self-medication is a non-responsible act and leads to the inappropriate use of medications, causing low effectiveness and insecurity in treatments. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between self-medication and anxiety symptoms in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in users attending a pharmacy in Los Olivos, Lima in 2021. Methods: The research method was deductive, basic and with a quantitative approach; the design used was non-experimental, descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, and prospective. Spearman's Rho analysis was performed to validate the hypothesis. Results: 384 users were evaluated, finding 93.5% aged 18-59 years, of whom 53.4% were female, 42.7% had completed high school, 57.8% were single and 51.6% presented physical symptoms, predominantly muscular tension accompanied by pain, 60.7% presented behavioral symptoms, highlighting unusual sadness in the face of COVID-19 and 70.1% presented cognitive symptoms with greater frequency of concern about contracting COVID-19. In addition, the greater the symptoms of anxiety, the higher the self-medication increased from 9.0% to 21.1%. A similar case was evidenced in self-medication on their own initiative where the increase was from 7.5% to 33.3%; likewise, self-medication without medical prescription increased from 15.8% to 47.7%, and the consumption of anxiolytics or antidepressants increased from 0.8% to 26.3% caused by the symptoms of anxiety. Conclusion: It was determined that there is a moderate relationship between self-medication and anxiety symptoms in the context of COVID-19, in users who go to a drugstore in Los Olivos, Lima in 2021.
Highlights of the 1st Ecuadorian-Venezuelan Symposium of Young Researchers in Bioinformatics (1SEVJIB)
Authors: Ayala-Ruano Sebastian , Hernandez Fernando , Ortega Arantxa , Infante Deliana , Carrascal Daniela , Sánchez-Luquez Karen , Puche-Quiñonez Rafael 
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly changed how scientific conferences are organized, fostering virtual meetings. These online events have allowed students and researchers to overcome geographical, administrative and economic barriers to attend and organize high-quality international symposiums. Moreover, these virtual conferences have contributed to the creation of inclusive activities that strengthen scientific communities. Here, we summarize the main activities and learnings from the 1st Ecuadorian-Venezuelan Symposium of Young Bioinformatics Researchers (1SEVJIB), organized by the Ecuadorian and Venezuelan ISCB-SC Regional Student Groups (RSGs). This symposium aimed to provide an opportunity for undergraduate and postgraduate students from Ecuador, Venezuela, and other Latin American countries to share their Bioinformatics research. The 1SEVJIB was the first bi-national conference organized by two RSGs from Latin America (LatAm). This symposium was a two-day virtual meeting with five activities: 1) oral student presentations, 2) poster session, 3) keynote lectures, 4) workshop, and 5) round table. This conference promoted the scientific exchange and cooperation networks between young Bioinformatics researchers and students from Ecuador, Venezuela, and LatAm, giving them opportunities to boost their scientific careers.
Mobilefuge: A low-cost, portable, open source, 3D-printed centrifuge that can be powered by a mobile phone
Authors: Bhupathi Mohini , Devarapu Ganga Chinna Rao 
Published: September 2022

Background: A centrifuge is an essential piece of equipment for several biology and diagnostic applications such as pelleting cells and purifying nucleic acids, etc. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest for low-cost centrifuges that are alternatives to the commercially available centrifuges. In this article, we present a low-cost, open-source, 3D printed centrifuge (mobilefuge) that is portable, robust, stable, safe, easy to build and operate. Methods: The mobilefuge was designed such that it doesn't require soldering or programming skills and can be built without any specialised equipment yet practical enough for high throughput use. More importantly, the mobilefuge can be powered from widely available 5V USB ports, including mobile phones and associated power supplies. This allows the mobilefuge to be used even in off-grid and resource limited settings. Results: Performance of the mobilefuge is demonstrated by separating silica particles are from a suspension consisting of water and “glassmilk”. This separation process is one of the crucial steps in nucleic-acid amplification assays for reliable, low-cost diagnostic applications such as SARS-CoV2. Conclusions: We believe that beyond the nucleic-acid assays, the mobilefuge can have several applications as a microcentrifuge in the field of biomedical research and diagnostics.
Integrated Backup Rolling Stock Allocation and Timetable Rescheduling with Uncertain Time-Variant Passenger Demand Under Disruptive Events
Authors: Yin Jiateng , Yang Lixing , D’Ariano Andrea , Tang Tao , Gao Ziyou 
Published: September 2022

Railway traffic management focuses on regulating train movements and delivering improved service quality to passengers; however, such efforts are subject to many uncertainties in terms of disruptions and passenger demand on a rail transit line. In contrast to most existing studies, which focus on the rescheduling of passenger timetables in a deterministic framework, this study proposes a two-stage stochastic optimization model for allocating backup rolling stocks (BRS) to storage lines to reschedule the timetable and serve passengers delayed by disruptions. The first stage is an assignment problem to determine the optimal plan for the allocation of BRS to storage lines to achieve a good trade-off between the investment cost for the BRS and the expected travel time of delayed passengers across different stochastic scenarios. The second stage is explicitly formulated as a network flow model to optimize the timetable of the delayed trains on the tracks and the BRS from the storage lines such that the passenger travel time is minimized under each stochastic scenario. To improve the efficiency of convergence, we develop an improved L-shaped method with several accelerating techniques. Among these, we show that the classical integer L-shaped cut can be tightened given the property of the second-stage problem, which can also be generalized to other two-stage integer stochastic programs. Real-world case studies based on historical data from the Beijing metro verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing the travel time for passengers. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71621001, 71825004, and 71901016]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplementary Information [ https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1233 ] or is available from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC ) at [ http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6892548 ].
High-sensitivity frequency comb carrier-envelope-phase metrology in solid state high harmonic generation
Authors: Lesko Daniel M. B. , Chang Kristina F. , Diddams Scott A. 
Published: September 2022

Non-perturbative and phase-sensitive light–matter interactions have led to the generation of attosecond pulses of light and the control of electrical currents on the same time scale. Traditionally, probing these effects via high harmonic generation has involved complicated lasers and apparatuses to generate the few-cycle and high peak power pulses needed to obtain and measure spectra that are sensitive to the phase of the light wave. Instead, we show that nonlinear effects dependent on the carrier-envelope phase can be accessed in solid state crystals with simple, low pulse energy frequency combs that we combine with high-sensitivity demodulation techniques to measure harmonic spectral modulations. Central to this advance is the use of a scalable 100 MHz erbium-fiber frequency comb at 1550 nm to produce 12 nJ, 20 fs pulses that are focused to the

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level. In a single pass through a 500 µm ZnO crystal, this yields harmonic spectra extending down to 200 nm. With this system, we introduce a technique of carrier-envelope amplitude modulation spectroscopy (CAMS) and use it to characterize the phase-sensitive modulation of the ultraviolet harmonics with an 85 dB signal-to-noise ratio. We further verify the non-perturbative nature of the harmonic generation through polarization gating of the driving pulse to increase the effects of the carrier-envelope phase. This work demonstrates robust and ultra-sensitive methods for generating and characterizing harmonic generation at 100 MHz rates that should provide advantages in the study of attosecond nonlinear processes in solid state systems. Additionally, as a simple and low-noise frequency comb, this broadband source will be useful for precision dual-comb spectroscopy of a range of physical systems across the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions (200–650 nm).
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is associated with a better glycemic control than multiple daily insulin injections without difference in diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia admissions among Emiratis with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Almazrouei Raya , Sharma Charu , Afandi Bachar , Aldahmani Khaled M. , Aburawi Elhadi H. , Beshyah Salem A. , ElGhazali Gehad , Al Yafei Zain , Al-Rifai Rami H. , Alkaabi Juma 
Published: September 2022

Aims
To characterizes Emiratis patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and compares outcomes between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) users. The WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) score was used to screen for depression.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study; sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and insulin replacement regimens were collected on patients with T1D between 2015–2018.

Results
134 patients with mean age of 20.9±7.5 years were included. Females constitute 56.7% and 50.7% had diabetes duration of >10 years. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at presentation was reported in 46.3%. Average glycemic control over preceding 12months was satisfactory (less than 7.5%), suboptimal (7.5–9%), and poor (more than 9%) in 26.6%, 42.7% & 30.6% of the patients, respectively. Higher proportion of patients using CSII achieved satisfactory or suboptimal glycemic control compared to patients with MDI (P = 0.003). The latest median /IQR HbA1c was significantly lower (P = 0.041) in patients using CSII (8.2 /1.93%) compared to MDI (8.5/2.45%). There was no significant difference between two groups in DKA, severe hypoglycemia or total WHO-5 score.

Conclusions
CSII usage was associated with better glycemic control than MDI, although no difference in DKA and severe hypoglycemia. The overall glycemic control among Emiratis subjects with T1D is unsatisfactory and needs more rigorous patient counseling and education.