bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Droits de propriété et modes d'accès à la terre en Afrique : une revue critique
Authors: Lambert Sylvie , Sindzingre Alice-Nicole 
Published: March 2022

Property rights and tenancy arrangements in Africa : a critical survey.
The authors review the main economic theories together with a number of African case studies and report a common area of confusion between land tenure and tenancy arrangements, drawing a distinction between their respective characteristics and implications. The objective is to clarify and suggest new lines of research and to investigate features that may be specific to Africa, especially compared with Asian data for which more published material is available. First comes a synthesis of the concepts of tenure and property rights as refined by new institutional economics. This approach would be more relevant if it were more specific about the notion of rule, which is sometimes oversimplified whereas it is fundamental to this sort of approach. A series of African cases are presented emphasising the possible juxtapositions and the changing nature of the systems of rights depending on the changing economic or demographic environments. The common dichotomy between private property, allegedly the only effecient system, and traditional systems is also discussed. Then comes an analysis of theories about the different land tenancy arrangements referring to different types of contract : wage earning, tenant farming and share-cropping. This last form of contract includes specific features covered by numerous studies as it is reputedly ineffecient despite being widespread. The different models used to try to solve this puzzle are reviewed, particularly, after those of Marshall and Cheung, models including the following explanatory factors : risk sharing, imperfect information and imperfect markets (incomplete or absent) that are characteristic of developing countries. These are illuminated by examples of contracts from West Africa. African data illustrate the complex nature of the links between property rights and contractual tenancy arrangements ; for example, the evolution of the terms of some sharecropping contracts over their lifetime is a striking feature of the African scene.
Innover dans des productions patrimoniales. Génération d'objets techniques et émergence de règles dans les processus d'organisation
Authors: Sainte Marie Christine de , Casabianca François 
Published: March 2022

Innovation in "patrimonial" products. Generating technical objects and emerging rules in organization process.

Innovation processes are subject to recent theoretical developments. These developments are in fields such as evolutionary analysis of a firm, "technological paradigms" and "creation of technology". Economists have rarely paid attention so far to technical objects which however constitute the base of product as well as processes. Although some of these approaches give to interaction processes between the firm and its environment a central position in the dynamics of innovation, the teleological dimension is not yet taken into consideration. The issue of the generation of technical objects is still open. These objects do not precede the innovation process itself but are created in the course of action.
One can also question the domain of validity of those theories of technical change for traditional and local products, which are already based on specific resources. We designate them as "patrimonial" products. Therefore, when we leave the universe of highly artificial production systems that the above mentioned theories deal with, innovation consists mainly in formalizing unwritten knowledge. Our paper illustrates this point of view with the help of an empirical study which refers to organization dynamics. These dynamics associate a group of farmers and researchers (including the authors ). It aims at converting a domestic farm product — the Corsican cured sausage — into a "gourmet" food.
This process of making it explicit concerns the emerging objects as well as the decision processes which are related to it. It is a team effort which involves all team members in building a shared result. This process relies upon cooperative relations and implies a conscious desire to achieve an agreement with the rules that support it. As a conclusion, we think that these innovation dynamics stem from both testing the technical objects and continuously involving the team members. This dual aspect gives desired stability to the emerging objects.
Effects of nitrogen input and nitrogen surplus taxes in Dutch agriculture
Authors: Helming John 
Published: March 2022

Effets d'une taxation des engrais et des excédents azotés dans l'agriculture néerlandaise.
Dans cet article, un modèle régionalisé d'équilibre partiel, comparatif statique, de programmation mathématique est développé pour analyser les effets des taxes sur l'utilisation des intrants azotés dans l'agriculture néerlandaise. Les résultats sont exprimés en termes de marge brute, d'utilisation du sol, de composition du cheptel et d'excédent azoté au niveau du sol. Points forts et faiblesses du modèle sont discutés. Ses points forts reposent sur la cohérence entre les niveaux régional, national et sectoriel et sur la possibilité de modéliser les flux d'engrais et le marché des produits intermédiaires de manière détaillée. Les points faibles portent sur le niveau d'agrégation et le nombre restreint de possibilités de substitutions au niveau des activités. En première analyse, les résultats soulignent l'importance des ajustements réalisés dans le secteur agricole suite aux programmes d'actions et réglementations mis en place en fonction d'objectifs environnementaux. A moins de comprendre le mécanisme de ces ajustements, les résultats des politiques initiées demeurent a priori incertains. En seconde analyse, il ressort que les taxes portant directement sur la pollution environnementale sont plus efficaces que les taxes portant sur l'utilisation des intrants ayant une chaîne causale plus longue entre l'application et l'impact environnemental.
L'Office international de la vigne et du vin et l'Organisation mondiale du commerce : Les enjeux de la normalisation dans le secteur viti-vinicole
Authors: Hannin Hervé , Codron Jean-Marie , Thoyer Sophie 
Published: March 2022

The International Organization for Vine and Wine and the World Trade Organization : Standardization issues in the wine sector.
The creation of international standards is an inherently conflictual process that inevitably involves both the objectives of individual market actors and the strategies of governments, the two of which are, at times, quite divergent. The wine industry, acting long before any other sector, established a system of standards, with oversight by the International Organization for Vine and Wines (OIV). This system broadly formalizes denominations of origin and product characteristics, and today, governs the production and international trade of wines. However, the legitimacy of the OIV's standards is being challenged both internally by member states and externally by the hegemony of the World Trade Organization, which is advancing a program of normalization of industry standards that conflicts with the OIV's basic premise that origin can be the basis of a standard. The future harmonization of these two systems of standards largely depends on the strategies that the OIV chooses to initiate. Also at issue is the basic architecture of global systems of standards and the hierarchy of different international organizations in the governance of trade.
Distributive impacts of alternative agricultural policies: a SAM-based analysis for Italy
Authors: Rocchi Benedetto , Romano Donato , Stefani Gianluca 
Published: March 2022

Impacts redistributifs de différentes politiques agricoles : analyse pour l’Italie à partir d’une matrice de comptabilité sociale
En utilisant une matrice de comptabilité sociale adaptée à l’économie italienne et au secteur agricole en particulier, une analyse des effets multiplicateurs et des impacts redistributifs de différentes politiques sectorielles a été menée. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants : (i) le découplage complet du soutien aux revenus agricoles se révèle être l’option la plus équitable, car elle offre la possibilité de déterminer les secteurs institutionnels cibles des effets recherchés ; (ii) les formes de soutien partiellement découplé, telles celles qui sont mises en place dans le cadre de la Politique agricole commune avant la révision à mi-parcours, sont plus efficaces que les autres en raison de leur action par l’intermédiaire des effets multiplicateurs ; (iii) les politiques de soutien par les prix se révèlent avoir des effets redistributifs pervers au détriment des ménages à bas revenu des secteurs agricole et non agricole.
Cuisiner ensemble : ethnographie de trois atelier cuisine
Authors: Lhuissier Anne , Augor Mélanie 
Published: March 2022

Cooking together : An ethnographic approach of three “ ateliers cuisine”
This article is based on participant observation in three “ ateliers cuisine” organised in community centres located in Paris (France). Participant involvement in culinary activities is expected, in a purpose of social integration. The study highlights two main characteristics of this activity, which appears through its cultural and collective dimension : the question of the “ culinary exoticism” and the “ relation with Other”. Moreover, the collective character of the culinary activity arouses social relations which are based less on culinary skills than on the social positions and properties of the participants, within the “ atelier”, within the centre, and more generally within their social life. Furthermore, the collective dimension underlines the various positions of the three “ ateliers” on a continuum of situations. This continuum is defined by hierarchical social relations and by meanings of the culinary activity which are supported between “ making together” and “ to be together”.
The role of social capital components on local economic growth : Local cohesion and openness in French rural areas
Authors: Callois Jean-Marc , Schmitt Bertrand 
Published: March 2022

Rôle du capital social sur les composantes de la croissance économique locale : cohésion et ouverture dans les zones rurales françaises.
Cet article étudie empiriquement le rôle économique de certains facteurs sociologiques, tels que l'intensité et la nature des relations sociales, sur la croissance économique locale à un niveau fin. Il utilise la classification bonding/linking/bridging utilisée dans la littérature sur le capital social. Le bonding se manifeste par des liens forts et locaux qui garantissent la stabilité de l'environnement, mais peuvent aussi engendrer de l'inertie et de la fermeture. Le bridging consiste en des liens plus lâches, mais qui peuvent donner accès à des opportunités nouvelles. Le linking est une catégorie intermédiaire qui comprend des liens reliant des individus de milieux sociaux différents. Cette dernière forme de capital social combine les vertus de stabilisation et d'ouverture. Les trois formes de capital social font l'objet de construction d'indicateurs, qui sont ensuite introduits dans un modèle économétrique de croissance de population et d'emploi inspiré de Boarnet (1994), pour évaluer leur impact sur la croissance locale. Les résultats suggèrent que les trois formes de capital social ont un effet positif et robuste sur la croissance.
Circulating Levels of Endotrophin Are Prognostic for Long-Term Mortality after AKI
Authors: Sparding Nadja , Rasmussen Daniel Guldager Kring , Genovese Federica , Karsdal Morten Asser , Hornum Mads , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo , Packington Rebecca , Selby Nicholas M. 
Published: March 2022

Key Points

In patients with AKI, endotrophin can predict long-term mortality and has a stronger association with mortality than eGFR.In patients with AKI, endotrophin can predict kidney disease progression at later time points and is superior to eGFR.

Background
AKI involves a rapid decrease in kidney function that may be associated with structural damage. Early markers predicting AKI are emerging, but tools to assess patients’ long-term health risks after AKI are still lacking. Endotrophin (ETP) is a bioactive molecule released during the formation of collagen type VI. We evaluated the potential of circulating ETP as a prognostic biomarker of adverse outcomes after AKI.

Methods
We measured ETP in plasma samples collected 1 year after an episode of AKI, using the PRO-C6 ELISA in 801 patients (393 patients with AKI and 408 controls) from the prospective AKI Risk in Derby (ARID) study (ISRCTN25405995), who were then followed until year 3. Kidney disease progression was defined as ≥25% decline in eGFR combined with a decline in CKD stage.

Results
ETP levels were significantly higher in the AKI group compared with controls (P<0.001). In the AKI group, ETP could discriminate patients with kidney disease progression at year 3 (AUC=0.67, P<0.01), whereas eGFR could not (AUC=0.51, P=0.57). In logistic regression including common risk factors, ETP was independently associated with kidney disease progression in patients with AKI (OR=1.10, P<0.01). ETP could discriminate survivors from nonsurvivors at year 3 (AUC=0.64, P<0.01). In a Cox proportional hazards regression for mortality after AKI that included common risk factors, only ETP (HR=1.05; P<0.001) and age (HR=1.06, P<0.01) were retained in the final model.

Conclusions
Patients in the AKI group had higher levels of plasma ETP at year 1 as compared with those who had not had AKI. In the AKI group, ETP levels predict kidney disease progression and mortality. Because ETP is a profibrotic molecule, our findings may indicate that ETP identifies patients with active fibrogenesis after AKI, suggestive of long-term renal remodeling, which is associated with patient outcome.
Auto-hemoterapia como imunoestimulante em cães / Autohemotherapy as an immunostimulant in dogs
Authors: Rodrigues Daniel Serafim de Andrade , Rodrigues Priscylla Frazão , Alencar Dalvan Fortaleza , Rodrigues Marcelo Campos , Borges Talita Bianchin , Merlini Natalie Bertelis , Belettini Salviano Tramontim , Quessada Ana Maria 
Published: March 2022

A auto-hemoterapia (AHT) é uma terapia que consiste na retirada de sangue e sua imediata administração por via intramuscular, sendo que o doador e o receptor são o mesmo indivíduo. Na medicina humana e veterinária a AHT é utilizada com sucesso no tratamento de enfermidades. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da AHT como terapia imunoestimulante em cães. Foram utilizados sete cães em que se injetou sangue autólogo nos seguintes volumes: 0,072mLKg-1, 0,144mL. Kg-1 e 0,288mL. Kg-1.. Os sete animais passaram por dois tratamentos, o tratamento controle com administração intramuscular de solução fisiológica (NaCl 0,9%) e o tratamento experimental com administração de sangue autólogo. Antes da administração de cada volume, coletou-se uma amostra de sangue para hemograma. Após a administração, foram realizados hemograma durante oito dias consecutivos com coleta nos intervalos de 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168 e 192 horas após o início do tratamento. Entre as aplicações (três) houve um intervalo de quatro dias. Nenhum animal apresentou reação adversa. Em relação aos leucócitos houve grande variação numérica, com elevação e queda ao longo do tempo nos animais dos dois grupos. Todavia, nos grupos de animais tratados com auto-hemoterapia houve menor elevação de leucócitos do que o grupo controle. Portanto, concluiu-se que a auto-hemoterapia provoca um efeito acumulativo na diminuição dos leucócitos circulantes em cães saudáveis. Sugere-se aprofundamento nos estudos desta terapia para esclarecimento dos efeitos nos parâmetros clínicos dos animais.
O manejo odontológico à pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista / The dental management for patients with autistic spectrum disorders
Authors: De Azevedo Daline Jéssia Alves , Cerqueira Juliana Gama Vieira , Cruz Victor Santos Andrade 
Published: March 2022

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento, caracterizado por déficit na comunicação, interação social e comportamental. Na odontologia há um grande desafio no manejo de pacientes com TEA, além das manifestações clínicas complexas e variadas, apresentam alterações comportamentais e motoras. O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender o conjunto de circunstâncias no tratamento odontológico para pacientes com TEA, bem como ajudar na qualificação profissional a partir de uma abordagem humana, ética e de atuação diferenciada do manejo e adaptação profissional. Com isso, utilizamos como base de dados: Bireme (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Search (PubMed) e Literatura Latina Americana e do Caribe em Ciências e Saúde (LILACS). Foram encontrados 25 artigos que se enquadravam nos requisitos para realização da pesquisa. Concluímos que, faz-se necessário entender que o manejo odontológico é imprescindível para uma adequada promoção e prevenção de saúde oral.
Efeito inibitorio da metergolina na lactação de 20 cadelas com pseusociese – relato de caso / Inhibitory effect of metergoline on lactation of 20 female dogs with pseusociesis – case report
Authors: Van der Linden Lais Albuquerque , Oliveira Rhaysa Allayde Silva , Santos Renan Felipe Silva , Fernandes Magda , Da Silva Vanessa Carla Lima , Teixeira Miriam Nogueira , Farias Eulina Tereza Nery , De Lima Evilda Rodrigues 
Published: March 2022

A pseudociese canina compreende uma síndrome comportamental e fisiológica que ocorre em cadelas gestantes, cujo esses animais apresentam: ganho de peso, hiperplasia mamária, corrimento vaginal, anorexia, nidificação, lactação, adoção de objetos inanimados ou de filhotes de outras fêmeas e agressividade. O diagnóstico da pseudociese canina ocorre por base do histórico e sinais clínicos dos animais, pelo qual recorre, como tratamento, o uso de inibidores da secreção da prolactina e da lactogênese, a exemplo da metergolina, uma droga que possui ação antiprolactinica e considerada segura por possuir poucos efeitos colaterais. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho é relatar o uso dessa medicação, pela avaliação de sua eficácia e se sucede o surgimento de efeitos colaterais, no caso de cadelas com sintomas de pseudociese canina. Deste modo, foram acompanhadas 20 cadelas, sem raça definida, com idade de 03-06 anos que apresentavam secreção láctea, aumento mamário, edema das mamas, apatia, adoção de objetos e construção de ninho. O protocolo terapêutico utilizado foi o uso da Metergolina (Crontralac®) na dose de 0,1mg/kg a cada 12 horas, durante 8 dias. O relato de caso apontou que a metergolina é eficaz no tratamento a pseudociese canina, não demonstrando efeitos colaterais nos animais acompanhados, embora apenas uma cadela não obteve remissão dos sinais clínicos, por estimular a glândula mamária com lambeduras, sendo preciso aumentar a duração do tratamento mais 2 dias, com remissão total após o período.
The Role of Minimally Invasive Surgical Technologiesin the Treatment of Degenerative Diseases of the Lumbar Spine
Authors: Сусленков П.А. , Сидорович Р.Р. , Щемелев А.В. , Родич А.В. , Василевич Э.Н. 
Published: March 2022

До настоящего времени наиболее распространенной методикой хирургического лечения грыж межпозвонковых дисков (МПД) поясничного отдела позвоночника считается открытая микродискэктомия из стандартного заднего доступа. Данный метод является высокоэффективным, однако имеет и ряд характерных существенных недостатков, таких как необходимость резекции костных структур и связочного аппарата, тракция корешков спинномозговых нервов, что в конечном счете повышает риск дестабилизации позвоночно-двигательных сегментов и развития рубцово-спаечных процессов в позвоночном канале. В настоящее время существует ряд малоинвазивных методов хирургического лечения дегенеративно-дистрофических заболеваний позвоночника (ДДЗП). Наиболее часто встречающимися и обладающими высокой эффективностью, по данным литературы, являются чрескожная эндоскопическая дискэктомия и чрескожная лазерная вапоризация межпозвонковых дисков. В статье представлен краткий исторический очерк развития хирургии грыж межпозвонковых дисков, даны характеристики малоинвазивных оперативных методов, описаны показания к их выполнению. В заключение рассмотрены результаты работ, посвященных сравнению эффективности стандартной микродискэктомии с чрескожной эндоскопической дискэктомией и чрескожной лазерной вапоризацией межпозвонковых дисков.Until now, the most common method of surgical treatment of herniated intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine is open microdiscectomy from the standard posterior approach. This method is highly effective, but it also has a number of typical significant disadvantages, such as the need for resection of bone structures and ligamentous apparatus, traction of the roots of the spinal nerves, which ultimately increases the risk of destabilization of the spinal motion segments and the development of cicatricial adhesions in the spinal canal. Currently, there is a number of minimally invasive methods of surgical treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine (DSD). The most common and highly effective according to the literature are percutaneous endoscopic discectomyand percutaneous laser vaporization of intervertebral discs. The article presents a brief historical outline of the development of surgery for herniated intervertebral discs, gives the characteristics of minimally invasive surgical methods, describes the indications for their implementation. In conclusion, the results of the studies comparing the effectiveness of standard microdiscectomy with percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and percutaneous laser vaporization of intervertebral discs are considered.
Educação Superior para Refugiados. Uma análise dos procedimentos de ingresso nas universidades brasileiras vinculadas à Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Mello
Authors: Pintos da Rocha Stéfani Rafaela , Sousa de Azevedo Rômulo , Mendonça Lunardi Mendes Geovana 
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender como ocorrem as condições de ingresso ao ensino superior para pessoas em condição de refúgio. Para isso, foram analisadas 14 universidades brasileiras, vinculadas à Cátedra Sérgio Vieira de Melo (CSVM), que realizaram ações de acesso para pessoas refugiadas entre os anos 2020-2021. Os dados foram levantados a partir do Relatório anual da CSVM, e dos sites institucionais das universidades pesquisadas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e analítico, com foco em análise documental. O referencial teórico ancora-se nos seguintes autores: Cury (2002), Bobbio (2004), Kreutz (2003) e Moreira (2015) cujas discussões gravitam sobre o direito à educação, políticas educacionais e migração. O estudo nos permite considerar que nem todas instituições de ensino superior criaram editais específicos ou disponibilizaram vagas exclusivas às pessoas em situação de refúgio ou migração. O ingresso facilitado conforme o relatório da CSVM (2020) tem sido interpretado de diferentes formas pelas instituições de ensino superior, o que denota que nem todas as IES têm garantido o acesso de forma facilitada. Tais dificuldades ocorrem em diversos níveis: desde o acesso à informação para ingresso, a forma de realizar o exame, comprovação de documentos, proficiência em língua portuguesa e pagamento de taxas.