bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of value-based outcomes for women admitted to a dialectical behaviour therapy integrated practice unit: a follow-up study
Authors: Webb Elanor Lucy , Girardi Alessandra , Fox Emily , Wallang Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:An earlier evaluation (Fox et al., 2014) highlighted reductions in risk behaviours and restrictive practices for women admitted to low secure dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) unit. Since then, a value-based healthcare model has been adopted.Aims:To explore changes in health, social and psychological functioning, risk, quality of life, and in incidents of violence and restrictive practices, over the initial 12-month period of admission to a specialist DBT service.Method:Data were extracted from electronic clinical records for 41 women with emotionally unstable personality disorder admitted to a specialist integrated practice unit (IPU) providing a comprehensive DBT programme. Secondary analysis was conducted on an anonymous dataset of routinely collected outcome measures at baseline admission, and 6 and 12 months post-admission. ANOVAs and pairwise post hoc comparisons, and non-parametric equivalents, were conducted to examine changes in outcomes.Results:Findings showed statistically significant improvements in mental health scores on the ReQOL (p<.01), global, wellbeing, problems, functioning and risk scores on the COREOM (all p<.01), and severe disturbance, emotional wellbeing, socioeconomic status, risk and need scores on the HoNOS-Secure (all p<.05). Significant reductions in risk behaviours (p<.01) and restrictive practices (p<.01) were also apparent. The most substantiative improvements were largely demonstrated over a 12-month admission period.Conclusions:Admission to the DBT IPU yielded significant improvements on outcomes pertaining to quality of life, psychological distress, and risk. Importantly, these are outcomes that aligned with patients’ perceptions of recovery.
The Customary Obligation to Avoid, Reduce, or Prevent Statelessness in South Asia
Authors: IMMANUEL Andrea Marilyn Pragashini 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSouth Asia, as a region, consists of several stateless groups as well as groups at the risk of statelessness. However, none of the South Asian states are parties to the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, thus these states do not have specific obligations arising from this Convention to avoid, reduce, or prevent statelessness in the region. In this context, this article ascertains that despite the prevalence of statelessness, there exists state practice andopinio jurisin South Asia that point to an emerging customary international law obligation to avoid, reduce, or prevent statelessness.
A Validation and Extension of State-Level Public Policy Mood: 1956–2020
Authors: Lagodny Julius , Jones Rebekah , Koch Julianna , Enns Peter K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo fully understand state policy outcomes or elections in the US, we need valid over-time measures of state-level public opinion. We contribute to the research on measuring state public opinion in two ways. First, we respond to Berry, Fording, Hanson, and Crofoot’s (BFHC) critique of Enns and Koch’s measure of state policy mood. We show that when BFHC’s analysis is performed using the same states and examining annual change, it validates the Enns and Koch measure and raises questions about the Berry, Ringquist, Fording, and Hanson measure. Second, we generate a new measure of state policy mood building on Enns and Koch’s approach. The new measure has even better properties than the previous measure and relates to state presidential vote and state policy liberalism in similar ways to Caughey and Warshaw’s measure of state economic liberalism. We conclude with recommendations for using the various direct measures of state public opinion.
Association Between Weather Parameters and SARS‐CoV‐2 Confirmed Cases in Two South African Cities
Authors: Ogunjo Samuel , Olusola Adeyemi , Orimoloye Israel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral approaches have been used in the race against time to mitigate the spread and impact of COVID‐19. In this study, we investigated the role of temperature, relative humidity, and particulate matter in the spread of COVID‐19 cases within two densely populated cities of South Africa—Pretoria and Cape Town. The role of different levels of COVID‐19 restrictions in the air pollution levels, obtained from the Purple Air Network, of the two cities were also considered. Our results suggest that 26.73% and 43.66% reduction in PM2.5 levels were observed in Cape Town and Pretoria respectively for no lockdown (Level 0) to the strictest lockdown level (Level 5). Furthermore, our results showed a significant relationship between particulate matter and COVID‐19 in the two cities. Particulate matter was found to be a good predictor, based on the significance of causality test, of COVID‐19 cases in Pretoria with a lag of 7 days and more. This suggests that the effect of particulate matter on the number of cases can be felt after 7 days and beyond in Pretoria.
Contaminant Binding and Bioaccessibility in the Dust From the Ni‐Cu Mining/Smelting District of Selebi‐Phikwe (Botswana)
Authors: Ettler Vojtěch , Hladíková Karolína , Mihaljevič Martin , Drahota Petr , Culka Adam , Jedlicka Radim , Kříbek Bohdan , Vaněk Aleš , Penížek Vít , Sracek Ondra , Bagai Zibisani 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe studied the dust fractions of the smelting slag, mine tailings, and soil from the former Ni‐Cu mining and processing district in Selebi‐Phikwe (eastern Botswana). Multi‐method chemical and mineralogical investigations were combined with oral bioaccessibility testing of the fine dust fractions (<48 and <10 μm) in a simulated gastric fluid to assess the potential risk of the intake of metal(loid)s contaminants. The total concentrations of the major contaminants varied significantly (Cu: 301–9,600 mg/kg, Ni: 850–7,000 mg/kg, Co: 48–791 mg/kg) but were generally higher in the finer dust fractions. The highest bioaccessible concentrations of Co, Cu, and Ni were found in the slag and mine tailing dusts, where these metals were mostly bound in sulfides (pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite). On the contrary, the soil dusts exhibited substantially lower bioaccessible fractions of these metals due to their binding in less soluble spinel‐group oxides. The results indicate that slag dusts are assumed to be risk materials, especially when children are considered as a target group. Still, this exposure scenario seems unrealistic due to (a) the fencing of the former mine area and its inaccessibility to the local community and (b) the low proportion of the fine particles in the granulated slag dump and improbability of their transport by wind. The human health risk related to the incidental ingestion of the soil dust, the most accessible to the local population, seems to be quite limited in the Selebi‐Phikwe area, even when a higher dust ingestion rate (280 mg/d) is considered.
Observations and Analysis of the Mid‐Latitude Atmospheric Electric Field During Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Qiu Shican , Xie Yifei , Shi Mengxi , Yousof Hamad , Soon Willie , Ren Zhengyong , Jia Mingjiao , Dou Xiankang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the diurnal and seasonal variation curves of atmospheric electric field () are obtained, based on the extensive observations at Mohe station (Geographical coordinates: 22.357°E, 53.482°N and geomagnetic coordinates: 195.5°E, 48.8°N) of the Chinese Meridian Project. The results show that the diurnal variation of conforms to the “Carnegie” pattern, and the value of in winter is higher than the summer. The coupling effect of the solar wind–magnetosphere with the atmospheric electric field is established. In total, 15 cases of magnetic storms are selected while Mohe is under fair weather condition throughout the storm period. The analyzed results reveal that exhibits the same characteristics during the 15 storms, that is, decreases sharply and changes simultaneously with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component and solar wind proton number density. When the IMF– shifts to south, presents a large decrease with magnitudes of about 100 V/m–600 V/m.
Fingering Convection in the Stably Stratified Layers of Planetary Cores
Authors: Guervilly Céline 
Published: October 2022

AbstractStably stratified layers may be present at the top of the electrically conducting fluid layers of many planets either because the temperature gradient is locally subadiabatic or because a stable composition gradient is maintained by the segregation of chemical elements. Here we study the double‐diffusive processes taking place in such a stable layer, considering the case of Mercury's core where the temperature gradient is stable but the composition gradient is unstable over a 800 km‐thick layer. The large difference in the molecular diffusivities leads to the development of buoyancy‐driven instabilities that drive radial flows known as fingering convection. We model fingering convection using hydrodynamical simulations in a rotating spherical shell and varying the rotation rate and the stratification strength. For small Rayleigh numbers (i.e., weak background temperature and composition gradients), fingering convection takes the form of columnar flows aligned with the rotation axis and with an azimuthal size comparable with the layer thickness. For larger Rayleigh numbers, the flows retain a columnar structure but the azimuthal size is drastically reduced leading to thin sheet‐like structures that are elongated in the meridional direction. The azimuthal size decreases when the thermal stratification increases, following closely the scaling law expected from the linear planar theory (Stern, 1960, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1960.tb01295.x). We find that the radial flows always remain laminar with local Reynolds number of order 1–10. Equatorially symmetric zonal flows form due to latitudinal variations of the axisymmetric composition. The zonal velocity exceeds the non‐axisymmetric velocities at the largest Rayleigh numbers. We discuss plausible implications for planetary magnetic fields.
In the Weeds: Aquatic Plant Biomarker Sources to Arctic Lake Sediments
Authors: Daniels William C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn reconstructing past changes in precipitation or evaporation from the geologic record, paleoclimatologists sometimes employ the dual‐biomarker isotope method. This method requires that two co‐occurring sedimentary lipids are derived from different biological sources, and that their compound‐specific 2H/1H ratios record different aspects of the hydrologic cycle. Several studies have used this approach, typically by comparing the 2H/1H ratios of n‐alkyl lipids (δ2Hwax) thought to be sourced from aquatic versus terrestrial plants that gain their hydrogen atoms from lake water and soil water, respectively. Yet confidently fingerprinting n‐alkyl lipid sources continues to be a challenge because the wax inputs of different plant types vary across biomes, lake types, and time. New research in the Journal of Geophysical Research‐Biogeosciences by Hollister et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022jg006903) utilizes a combination of three independent metrics to demonstrate that for Arctic lakes, mid‐chain n‐alkanoic acids can be sourced principally from aquatic plants whereas long‐chain n‐alkanoic acids derive from a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial plants. By cataloging wax compound distributions and compound‐specific H and C isotopes of many new plant species, their efforts will strengthen future biomarker paleoclimatology and reinforce previous applications of the dual‐biomarker approach in high‐latitude lakes. The identification of a lake system with a strong aquatic plant wax signal in the sediments should motivate future targeting of similar lakes for reconstructing past moisture with the dual‐biomarker method.
A Vine Copula‐Based Ensemble Projection of Precipitation Intensity–Duration–Frequency Curves at Sub‐Daily to Multi‐Day Time Scales
Authors: Zhang Boen , Wang Shuo , Moradkhani Hamid , Slater Louise , Liu Jiafeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPrecipitation intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves play a crucial role in the design and planning of urban infrastructure to reduce the risk of urban flooding and rainfall‐triggered landslides. However, changing rainfall characteristics in a warming climate render conventional IDF curves inappropriate due to the statistical assumption of stationarity. In this study, we develop vine copula‐based projections of future IDF curves at sub‐daily to multi‐day time scales with a multi‐model ensemble of five regional climate simulations over China. Stochastic spatiotemporal downscaling of precipitation is achieved to generate extreme precipitation simulations at a high spatial (0.1°) and temporal (3 hourly) resolution. These downscaled simulations are combined by the vine copula to improve the reliability and accuracy of climate‐model‐based IDF curves relative to historical observations. Our findings reveal that climate‐model‐based stochastic downscaling of precipitation reproduces the IDF curves well based on historical observations in China. The vine copula multi‐model ensemble approach outperforms Bayesian model averaging by generating more accurate and reliable IDF curves. The urban areas of 196 Chinese cities are projected to experience an increase in extreme precipitation of up to 30% in intensity and nearly two times the frequency of historical events under a high emission scenario (RCP8.5). The current urban infrastructure of more than half of the 196 cities would thus be inadequate to prevent losses caused by rainfall‐triggered hazards if designed solely based on historical precipitation observations. Compared to the climate‐model‐based IDF curves, we find that statistical IDF curves based on a nonstationary time covariate (i.e., extrapolating historical trends) are likely to underestimate the risk of urban infrastructure failures under a warming climate. This work highlights that urban infrastructure design guidelines in China should be upgraded to adapt existing IDF curves to the changing climate.
Evidence that complement and coagulation proteins are mediating the clinical response to omega-3 fatty acids: A mass spectrometry-based investigation in subjects at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Susai Subash Raj , Healy Colm , Mongan David , Heurich Meike , Byrne Jonah F. , Cannon Mary , Cagney Gerard , Wynne Kieran , Markulev Connie , Schäfer Miriam R. , Berger Maximus , Mossaheb Nilufar , Schlögelhofer Monika , Smesny Stefan , Hickie Ian B. , Berger Gregor E. , Chen Eric Y. H. , de Haan Lieuwe , Nieman Dorien H. , Nordentoft Merete , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Verma Swapna , Street Rebekah , Thompson Andrew , Yung Alison Ruth , Nelson Barnaby , McGorry Patrick D. , Föcking Melanie , Amminger G. Paul , Cotter David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPreliminary evidence indicates beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in early psychosis. The present study investigates the molecular mechanism of omega-3 PUFA-associated therapeutic effects in clinical high-risk (CHR) participants. Plasma samples of 126 CHR psychosis participants at baseline and 6-months follow-up were included. Plasma protein levels were quantified using mass spectrometry and erythrocyte omega-3 PUFA levels were quantified using gas chromatography. We examined the relationship between change in polyunsaturated PUFAs (between baseline and 6-month follow-up) and follow-up plasma proteins. Using mediation analysis, we investigated whether plasma proteins mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcomes. A 6-months change in omega-3 PUFAs was associated with 24 plasma proteins at follow-up. Pathway analysis revealed the complement and coagulation pathway as the main biological pathway to be associated with change in omega-3 PUFAs. Moreover, complement and coagulation pathway proteins significantly mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and clinical outcome at follow-up. The inflammatory protein complement C5 and protein S100A9 negatively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and positive symptom severity, while C5 positively mediated the relationship between change in omega-3 and functional outcome. The relationship between change in omega-3 PUFAs and cognition was positively mediated through coagulation factor V and complement protein C1QB. Our findings provide evidence for a longitudinal association of omega-3 PUFAs with complement and coagulation protein changes in the blood. Further, the results suggest that an increase in omega-3 PUFAs decreases symptom severity and improves cognition in the CHR state through modulating effects of complement and coagulation proteins.
Neurexin1α knockout rats display oscillatory abnormalities and sensory processing deficits back-translating key endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Janz Philipp , Bainier Marie , Marashli Samuel , Schoenenberger Philipp , Valencia Miguel , Redondo Roger L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNeurexins are presynaptic transmembrane proteins crucial for synapse development and organization. Deletion and missense mutations in all three Neurexin genes have been identified in psychiatric disorders, with mutations in the NRXN1 gene most strongly linked to schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While the consequences of NRXN1 deletion have been extensively studied on the synaptic and behavioral levels, circuit endophenotypes that translate to the human condition have not been characterized yet. Therefore, we investigated the electrophysiology of cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits in Nrxn1α−/−rats and wildtype littermates focusing on a set of translational readouts, including spontaneous oscillatory activity, auditory-evoked oscillations and potentials, as well as mismatch negativity-like (MMN) responses and responses to social stimuli. On the behavioral level Nrxn1α−/−rats showed locomotor hyperactivity. In vivo freely moving electrophysiology revealed pronounced increases of spontaneous oscillatory power within the gamma band in all studied brain areas and elevation of gamma coherence in cortico-striatal and thalamocortical circuits of Nrxn1α−/−rats. In contrast, auditory-evoked oscillations driven by chirp-modulated tones showed reduced power in cortical areas confined to slower oscillations. Finally, Nrxn1α−/−rats exhibited altered auditory evoked-potentials and profound deficits in MMN-like responses, explained by reduced prediction error. Despite deficits for auditory stimuli, responses to social stimuli appeared intact. A central hypothesis for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is that a disbalance of excitation-to-inhibition is underlying oscillatory and sensory deficits. In a first attempt to explore the impact of inhibitory circuit modulation, we assessed the effects of enhancing tonic inhibition via δ-containing GABAAreceptors (using Gaboxadol) on endophenotypes possibly associated with network hyperexcitability. Pharmacological experiments applying Gaboxadol showed genotype-specific differences, but failed to normalize oscillatory or sensory processing abnormalities. In conclusion, our study revealed endophenotypes in Nrxn1α−/−rats that could be used as translational biomarkers for drug development in psychiatric disorders.
Prognostic impact of ASXL1 mutations in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bidikian Aram , Kantarjian Hagop , Jabbour Elias , Short Nicholas J. , Patel Keyur , Ravandi Farhad , Sasaki Koji , Issa Ghayas C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhile the clinical impact of mutations in the ABL1 gene on response to therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) is well established, less is known about how other mutations affect prognosis. In a retrospective analysis, we identified 115 patients with CML (71 chronic, 15 accelerated and 29 blast phase) where targeted next-generation sequencing of genes recurrently mutated in myeloid leukemias was performed. ASXL1 was the most frequently mutated gene in the chronic (14%) and accelerated phase (40%) CML patients, whereas RUNX1 (20%) was the most common mutation in blast phase. Compared with wild-type ASXL1, CP-CML with mutant ASXL1 was associated with worse event-free survival (EFS) (median of 32.8 vs 88.3 months; P = 0.002) and failure-free survival (median of 13.8 vs 57.8 months; P = 0.04). In a multivariate analysis, ASXL1 mutation was the only independent risk factor associated with worse EFS in chronic phase CML with a hazard ratio of 4.25 (95% CI 1.59–11.35, P = 0.004). In conclusion, mutations in ASXL1 are associated with worse outcomes when detected in chronic phase CML.
Overlapping gene dependencies for PARP inhibitors and carboplatin response identified by functional CRISPR-Cas9 screening in ovarian cancer
Authors: Coelho Ricardo , Tozzi Alessandra , Disler Muriel , Lombardo Flavio , Fedier André , López Mónica Núñez , Freuler Florian , Jacob Francis , Heinzelmann-Schwarz Viola 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPARP inhibitors (PARPi) have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) treatment with outstanding benefits in regard to progression-free survival, especially in patients either carrying BRCA1/2 mutations or harboring defects in the homologous recombination repair system. Yet, it remains uncertain which PARPi to apply and how to predict responders when platinum sensitivity is unknown. To shed light on the predictive power of genes previously suggested to be associated with PARPi response, we systematically reviewed the literature and identified 79 publications investigating a total of 93 genes. The top candidate genes were further tested using a comprehensive CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis screening in combination with olaparib treatment. Therefore, we generated six constitutive Cas9+ EOC cell lines and profiled 33 genes in a CRISPR-Cas9 cell competition assay using non-essential (AAVS1) and essential (RPA3 and PCNA) genes for cell fitness as negative and positive controls, respectively. We identified only ATM, MUS81, NBN, BRCA2, and RAD51B as predictive markers for olaparib response. As the major survival benefit of PARPi treatment was reported in platinum-sensitive tumors, we next assessed nine top candidate genes in combination with three PARPi and carboplatin. Interestingly, we observed similar dropout rates in a gene and compound independent manner, supporting the strong correlation of cancer cell response to compounds that rely on DNA repair for their effectiveness. In addition, we report on CDK12 as a common vulnerability for EOC cell survival and proliferation without altering the olaparib response, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in EOC.