bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive difficulties in trauma-exposed adults with metabolic syndrome: no influence of PTSD status or PTSD and metabolic syndrome comorbidity
Authors: Suliman Sharain , van den Heuvel Leigh , Bröcker Erine , Seedat Soraya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occur and both may compromise cognition, owing in part to common underlying mechanisms. Few studies have investigated the additive effects of these disorders on cognitive performance. Our aims were to compare cognitive performance between patients with PTSD and trauma-exposed controls (TEC) and investigate the additive effects of MetS factors on cognition.

Methods
In this case–control study, we included 474 adult participants, 236 with PTSD and 238 TEC. Demographic, neuropsychiatric, metabolic-related, and neurocognitive assessments were undertaken and MANCOVAs performed controlling for age. Cognitive domains (immediate and delayed memory, attention, language, visuospatial performance, working memory and global cognition) were the dependent variables in the analysis. Patient status and presence/absence of MetS or MetS components were independent variables, in each model.

Results
Patients with PTSD did not demonstrate worse cognitive performance than TEC on the neurocognitive domains assessed, and the presence of MetS in patients with PTSD did not alter this finding. Individuals with MetS also did not demonstrate worse cognition when compared to those without MetS. When we looked at individual MetS features, higher BMI was associated with poorer visuospatial performance,

Conclusions
These findings contrast with many previous studies showing worse neurocognitive performance related to both PTSD and MetS. Further investigation is required to establish the contribution of MetS to cognitive deficits in those with PTSD. Generalisability and inferences regarding the directionality of associations are limited.
Evaluating the performance of porous asphalt mixtures with polymer-modified and unmodified bitumen
Authors: Amanda Mirani Trie , Mauliana Risma , Rahman Taqia , Suparma Latif Budi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Porous Asphalt (PA), with its open-graded structure and high air voids, offers excellent water permeability, reducing runoff, noise, and heat from the pavement. However, it has low strength and durability and is prone to clogging, as its large pores can be filled with particles from various sources. This study aims to evaluate the performance of PA mixtures incorporating polymer-modified bitumen (PMB) to enhance these properties, compared to mixtures with unmodified bitumen. For this purpose, PA mixtures with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) as the PMB and unmodified bitumen Pen grade 60/70, with varying porosities (12%, 16%, 20%), were evaluated. A range of critical performance parameters, including stability, flow, durability, permeability, clogging resistance, and skid resistance, were assessed to determine the overall effectiveness of each mixture. The results show that PA mixtures with PMB exhibit better Marshall Stability, flow, and resistance to aggregate loss, as seen in the lower mass loss in the Cantabro test. These improvements are due to PMB’s enhanced adhesion and elasticity. Additionally, PA mixtures with PMB have significantly higher permeability compared to those with unmodified bitumen, likely because PMB helps maintain air voids during compaction. These mixtures also show better clogging resistance, with higher remaining permeability after 10 cycles, and improved skid resistance due to better aggregate retention and surface texture. Overall, PA mixtures with PMB outperform those with Pen 60/70 in key performance areas, enhancing both mechanical and functional properties, and offering more sustainable solutions.
Tariffs and corporate political activity: a survey experiment on US businesses
Authors: Dolan Lindsay R. , Kubinec Robert M. , Nielson Daniel L. , Zhang Jiakun Jack 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The trade war with China has cost US producers and consumers hundreds of billions of dollars since 2018. Yet relatively few US businesses took action to oppose it. This study reports the results of an elite survey experiment on business political activity toward trade policy. Researchers presented business managers with information about the input costs of the new tariffs to their bottom line—information that most subjects acknowledged that they lacked—and invited them to take political action to express support or opposition to these tariffs. The results suggest that the novel information on economic costs did not significantly increase managers’ propensity to contact members of Congress, donate to political campaigns, sign petitions, or join social media groups. We also found that the firm’s political culture (liberal or conservative) did not significantly influence the effectiveness of the treatment. However, descriptive analysis showed that firm political culture was strongly related to the company’s support for the trade war, suggesting that these preexisting political beliefs were resistant to new information provided in our experiment even if that information could affect the company’s bottom line.
Silent Voices or More than a Feeling? January 6th Insurrection and Racialized (Non)Attitudes
Authors: Martinez Conner , Ramírez Ricardo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When do survey respondents choose to withhold feelings on questions related to polarizing and democratically important events such as the January 6th insurrection? While extant research has shown that “don’t know” responses or skipped questions in survey research function as a way to avoid expressing a socially undesirable opinion or feeling, no work has explored how nonresponses may be impacting our understanding of the American public’s support for the January 6th insurrection. Through analysis of the nonresponse answers within the 2022 Health of Democracy Survey, we show that a persistent pattern of item nonresponse was present among all racial groups asked to provide their feelings toward insurrectionists, and that women were significantly more likely to refuse sharing their feelings—warm or cold. Additionally, we find that although racialized feelings previously linked with support of the insurrection (racial resentment, racial affect, and white replacement theory) were not significantly related to January 6th item nonresponse, racial attitudes did hold an important relationship with January 6th item nonresponse among Non-Whites. Our results therefore highlight the importance of the intersection of race and gender in conversations about democratic norms, racial attitudes, and withholding views about highly politicized and polarizing events.
Reconciling Canada Day? Canada Day Cancellation Statements in 2021
Authors: Raphael Daisy , Funk Christine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines statements issued by municipal governments, local organizations, and Indigenous communities that cancelled Canada Day celebrations in 2021, following news confirming physical evidence of unmarked graves at former residential schools. We argue that the statements reflect political logics of the past, present, and future, including dominant national narratives of liberal multiculturalism, residual logics of white nationalism, and emergent, transformative projects of Indigenous-defined reconciliation and resurgence. Through dominant narratives, the policy of cancelling Canada Day is presented as an expression of Canadian values, while settler-colonialism is obscured. Meanwhile, the residual white nationalism of the post-Confederation movement surfaces as statements tend to speak to an imagined normative Canadian subject who—only temporarily—suspends their celebration of the nation-state. Finally, the statements evidence emergent political forces, including Indigenous articulations of transformative reconciliation, resistance to settler-colonialism, and expressions of sovereignty, which signal the potential for major shifts in practices of national celebration in Canada.
Are delusions and/or referentiality associated with aberrant reward prediction error (RPE) signaling? Evidence from fMRI using a probabilistic monetary reward task
Authors: García-León María Ángeles , Fuentes-Claramonte Paola , Gee Abigail , Ramiro-Sousa Nuria , Soler-Vidal Joan , Salgado-Pineda Pilar , Torres Llanos , Jaurrieta Nuria , Sánchez-Pérez Manel , Panicali Francesco , Inarejos Clemente Emilio J. , Raduà Joaquim , Sarró Salvador , Salvador Raymond , McKenna Peter J. , Pomarol-Clotet Edith 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
According to the aberrant salience proposal, reward processing abnormality, specifically erroneous reward prediction error (RPE) signaling due to stimulus-independent release of dopamine, underlies delusions in schizophrenia. However, no studies to date have examined RPE-associated brain activations in relation to this symptom.

Methods
Seventy-eight patients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 43 healthy individuals underwent fMRI while they performed a probabilistic monetary reward task designed to generate a measure of RPE. Ratings of delusions and referentiality were made in the patients.

Results
Using whole-brain, voxel-based analysis, schizophrenia patients showed only minor differences in RPE-associated activation compared to healthy controls. Within the patient group, however, severity of delusions was inversely associated with RPE-associated activation in areas including the caudate nucleus, the thalamus and the left pallidum, as well as the lateral frontal cortex bilaterally, the pre- and postcentral gyrus and supplementary motor area, the middle cingulate gyrus, and parts of the temporal and parietal cortex. A broadly similar pattern of association was seen for referentiality.

Conclusions
According to this study, while patients with schizophrenia as a group do not show marked alterations in RPE signaling, delusions and referentiality are associated with reduced activation in parts of the prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia, though not specifically the ventral striatum. The direction of the changes is on the face of it contrary to that predicted by aberrant salience theory.
Redirecting revenues from law enforcement fines, forfeitures, and related fees to fund local nonprofits: a policy design proposal
Authors: Kang Inkyu , Choi Su Young 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Monetary sanctions in law enforcement, including fines, forfeitures, and related fees, are susceptible to exploitation by agencies for self-serving profit motives. However, a key challenge in addressing this issue is disentangling the agencies’ profit-driven motives from their genuine commitment to upholding law and order. Against this backdrop, this study examines a novel policy design proposal: redirecting revenues from law enforcement to fund local nonprofits. This approach seeks to eliminate conflicts of interest without restricting the use of monetary sanctions as a tool for law enforcement, while simultaneously channeling revenues toward community benefits. Experimental evidence based on a representative sample of US adults (n = 1,030) further highlights this approach’s potential to improve public perceptions of, and attitudes toward, law enforcement agencies. The study concludes by discussing the broader implications of this proposal for the political economy of law enforcement, as well as key considerations and potential challenges for its implementation.
The Logic of Partial RMB Internationalization: PRC Perspectives on “Financial War”
Authors: Freymann Eyck , Heng Calvin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drawing on untapped, open-source commentaries from elite Chinese commentators, we show that since 2018, China has become fixated on preparations for a potential “financial war” with the United States. China appears to have adjusted its renminbi (RMB) internationalization strategy – and broader approach to financial regulation – accordingly. China's perceived vulnerability to dollar sanctions increases the urgency of RMB internationalization but also makes it unacceptably risky to liberalize the capital account. The sources suggest that China's solution is to pursue partial RMB internationalization by keeping the capital account tightly regulated while encouraging trade partners to sign up for RMB settlement platforms. As more foreign banks sign up for RMB payment systems, China is gaining confidence that its financial system could weather the sudden imposition of dollar sanctions. However, China remains vulnerable in principle to a “monetary sniping” attack on the offshore RMB market.
Ship navigable route framework extraction using high-density searching from AIS big data
Authors: Gao Miao , Bi Jinqiang , Kang Zhen , Chen Shuai , Shi Peiru , Zeng Xi , Zhang Anmin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research findings based on the data of current automatic identification systems (AISs) can only be applied to some parts of navigation research owing to their insufficient mining depth. Previously, route planning research has been based on the waypoint and corresponding optimised algorithm without considering the actual navigation situation and sailing habits. The planned route considerably differs from the actual sailing route, and the application result is undesirable. A novel solution to support the route planning problem has been introduced owing to the large accumulation of AIS big data. In this study, the ship navigable route framework (SNRF) which is reflected by real data via mining AIS big data serves as the basic network for the planned maritime route. This study uses the concept of manifold distance based on AIS big data to build a maritime SNRF through high-density searching. It can provide basic theoretical support for actual navigation distance calculation, route planning and route accessibility inspection in the future.
A biocultural hypothesis of human–environment mediations and biodiversity increase
Authors: Rivera-Núñez Tlacaelel , Ford Anabel , Barrera-Bassols Narciso , Casas Alejandro , Fargher-Navarro Lane , Nigh Ronald 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The relationship between ecosystem disturbance and biodiversity levels has been a central focus of ecological research for the past half-century. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis, which suggests that maximum biodiversity is achieved through the coexistence of early and late successional species, however, has been challenged for its lack of clarity regarding the intensity, duration and extent of disturbances. This Perspective article advocates for a broader biocultural framework to move from the notion of disturbance to an understanding of human–environment mediations. Our proposed biocultural hypothesis acknowledges that, in certain cultural contexts, interventions by Homo sapiens at different environmental scales – mainly at the landscape level – can generate peaks in beta and gamma biodiversity compared to reference ecosystems. We illustrate these human–environment mediations through studies conducted in the biocultural region of Mesoamerica and comparative research findings, particularly from the Amazon Basin and West and Central Africa. In our conclusions, we discuss the need to establish collaborative research programmes around the proposed biocultural hypothesis, addressing management and institutional actions that will strengthen the engagement of Indigenous people and rural local communities with their historical territories that we name ‘Priority Biocultural Areas’.
‘Utrum physiologia sit prima philosophia’: Metaphysics and science in Tommaso Campanella
Authors: Ponzio Paolo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay considers the philosophy of Tommaso Campanella by examining it in light of a metaphysics conceived from the relationship between history, science, and experience. The desire to reform scientific knowledge beyond Aristotelian boundaries, integrating history and experience as the foundations of science, leaves Campanella’s philosophy still steeped in the logical distinctions between natural science and metaphysics. After all, Campanella positioned the entire philosophy of nature as an intermediate knowledge capable of uniting logic and metaphysics. Nevertheless, his metaphysics breathes the cultural atmosphere of early modernity, which, while referencing the past, looks towards a future still uncertain, balancing between ancient concepts and new meanings that will eventually be attributed to the vocabulary of modern metaphysical language.
Impacts of ocean acidification on the palatability of two Antarctic macroalgae and the consumption of a grazer
Authors: Oswalt Hannah E. , Amsler Margaret O. , Amsler Charles D. , McClintock James B. , Schram Julie B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increases in atmospheric CO2 have led to more CO2 entering the world’s oceans, decreasing the pH in a process called ’ocean acidification’. Low pH has been linked to impacts on macroalgal growth and stress, which can alter palatability to herbivores. Two common and ecologically important macroalgal species from the western Antarctic Peninsula, the unpalatable Desmarestia menziesii and the palatable Palmaria decipiens, were maintained under three pH treatments: ambient (pH 8.1), near future (7.7) and distant future (7.3) for 52 days and 18 days, respectively. Discs of P. decipiens or artificial foods containing extracts of D. menziesii from each treatment were presented to the amphipod Gondogeneia antarctica in feeding choice experiments. Additionally, G. antarctica exposed to the different treatments for 55 days were used in a feeding assay with untreated P. decipiens. For D. menziesii, extracts from the ambient treatment were eaten significantly more by weight than the other treatments. Similarly, P. decipiens discs from the ambient and pH 7.7 treatments were eaten more than those from the pH 7.3 treatment. There was no significant difference in the consumption by treated G. antarctica. These results suggest that ocean acidification may decrease the palatability of these macroalgae to consumers but not alter consumption by G. antarctica.
Developmental trajectories of conduct problems from childhood to adolescence: Early childhood antecedents and outcomes in adolescence
Authors: Colins Olivier F. , Fanti Kostas A. , Hellfeldt Karin , Frogner Louise , Andershed Henrik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Children and adolescents display varying trajectories of conduct problems (CP), but it is unclear if these CP trajectories can be distinguished by childhood antecedents and adolescent outcomes. Therefore, we tested if child- and environmental-level risk factors predict CP trajectory membership and if CP trajectories are associated with developmental outcomes in adolescence. Six waves of data (teacher-, parent- and child self-reports) were used from 2,045 children. General growth mixture modeling identified four CP trajectories (waves 2–5): childhood-persistent, childhood-limited, adolescent-onset, and low CP. Relative to the adolescent-onset CP trajectory, wave 1 child- and environmental-level risk factors increased the likelihood of being in the childhood-persistent CP trajectory, though all but two (callous-unemotional traits and non-intact family) antecedents lost significance after controlling for wave 1 conduct problems. Few significant differences emerged in risk factors when comparing childhood-persistent and childhood-limited CP trajectories. Individuals identified in the adolescent-onset and childhood-persistent CP trajectories faced a higher risk for later maladjustment than those in the childhood-limited CP trajectory, whereas the adolescent-onset and childhood-persistent CP trajectories only differed in three out of 13 outcomes. Overall, findings indicate that individuals with CP are at risk for later maladjustment, but predicting the childhood-persistent trajectory of CP in young children is difficult.
How do Persons With Dementia Suffer?
Authors: Karlawish Jason 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This essay argues that suffering in persons with dementia is more than a matter of personal experience. It is knowable by others and does not need to rely on the reports of the patient to affirm it. It is even possible for a person to claim not to be suffering—“I’m doing fine”—but for others to conclude to the contrary—“You are suffering.” A key property of this objective account is the caregiver observes the suffering. This observation is a product of the work of caregiving and this work relies on perceiving and supporting the mind of the person living with dementia. When that work of mind support is successful, it creates a feeling of being at home. When it is not, suffering ensues.
Data and Code Availability in Political Science Publications from 1995 to 2022
Authors: Rainey Carlisle , Roe Harley , Wang Qing , Zhou Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, we assess the availability of reproduction archives in political science. By “reproduction archive,” we mean the data and code supporting quantitative research articles that allows others to reproduce the computations described in the published article. We collect a random sample of quantitative research articles published in political science from 1995 to 2022. We find that—even in 2022—most quantitative research articles do not point to a reproduction archive. However, practices are improving. In 2014, when the DA-RT symposium was published in PS: Political Science and Politics, about 12% of quantitative research articles point to the data and code. Eight years later, in 2022, that has increased to 31%. This underscores a massive shift in norms, requirements, and infrastructure. Still, only a minority of articles share the supporting data and code. In 2014, Lupia and Alter wrote, “Today, information on the data production and analytic decisions that underlie many published works in political science is unavailable.” They could write the same today; much work remains to be done.
Trinity Beyond Revelation, Salvation and Relationality: On the ‘Severe and Novel Trinitarian Doctrine’ of Katherine Sonderegger
Authors: Cowdell Scott 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Episcopalian theologian Katherine Sonderegger regards the Trinitarian persons as fulfilling without superseding Old Testament approaches to God’s processional nature. Her metaphysically engaged scriptural mysticism challenges the Trinitarian revival with its human-focused attention to soteriology and epistemological foundationalism. But has Sonderegger escaped or merely displaced these core concerns of modern theology? And can true knowledge of God and theosis be had apart from salvation history – a challenge posed by the work of René Girard.