bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Obesity Among Children With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cioana Milena , Deng Jiawen , Nadarajah Ajantha , Hou Maggie , Qiu Yuan , Chen Sondra Song Jie , Rivas Angelica , Banfield Laura , Toor Parm Pal , Zhou Fangwen , Guven Ayla , Alfaraidi Haifa , Alotaibi Ahlam , Thabane Lehana , Samaan M. Constantine 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceThe childhood obesity epidemic is presumed to drive pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the global scale of obesity in children with T2D is unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate the global prevalence of obesity in pediatric T2D, examine the association of sex and race with obesity risk, and assess the association of obesity with glycemic control and dyslipidemia.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to June 16, 2022.Study SelectionObservational studies with at least 10 participants reporting the prevalence of obesity in patients with pediatric T2D were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisFollowing the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guideline, 2 independent reviewers in teams performed data extraction and risk of bias and level of evidence analyses. The meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes included the pooled prevalence rates of obesity in children with T2D. The secondary outcomes assessed pooled prevalence rates by sex and race and associations between obesity and glycemic control and dyslipidemia.ResultsOf 57 articles included in the systematic review, 53 articles, with 8942 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of obesity among pediatric patients with T2D was 75.27% (95% CI, 70.47%-79.78%), and the prevalence of obesity at diabetes diagnosis among 4688 participants was 77.24% (95% CI, 70.55%-83.34%). While male participants had higher odds of obesity than female participants (odds ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.33-3.31), Asian participants had the lowest prevalence of obesity (64.50%; 95% CI, 53.28%-74.99%), and White participants had the highest prevalence of obesity (89.86%; 95% CI, 71.50%-99.74%) compared with other racial groups. High heterogeneity across studies and varying degrees of glycemic control and dyslipidemia were noted.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that obesity is not a universal phenotype in children with T2D. Further studies are needed to consider the role of obesity and other mechanisms in diabetes genesis in this population.
Sudden Hearing Loss Following Vaccination Against COVID-19
Authors: Nieminen Tuomo A. , Kivekäs Ilkka , Artama Miia , Nohynek Hanna , Kujansivu Jarno , Hovi Petteri 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceSpontaneous adverse reaction reports of sudden hearing loss have been observed, and a population-based cohort study conducted in Israel showed an increase in the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) following vaccination with messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). However, in this setting, the possibility of confounding remained.ObjectiveTo assess a potential association between COVID-19 vaccinations and SSNHL.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis register-based country-wide retrospective cohort study of 5.5 million Finnish residents was conducted from January 1, 2019, to April 20, 2022, and included all individuals who were identified from the population information system who were alive or born during the study period except individuals who had SSNHL during 2015 to 2018 according to specialized care derived diagnosis codes for SSNHL (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] code H91.2) as a primary or secondary diagnosis.ExposuresThe a priori primary risk period was 0 to 54 days following each COVID-19 vaccination. The risk periods for different vaccine doses did not overlap so that a later vaccine exposure ended the previous risk period. The secondary risk period was from 55 days following each COVID-19 vaccination until a subsequent COVID-19 vaccination. A secondary analysis included a risk time from 0 to 54 days following a positive polymerase chain reaction test result for SARS-CoV-2.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe incidences of SSNHL following COVID-19 vaccination were compared with the incidences before the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland. The Poisson regression model included calendar time, age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, other chronic diseases, and the number of visits in primary health care.ResultsFor the 5.5 million Finnish residents included in the study, the comparison time comprised 6.5 million person-years, the primary risk time of 1.7 million person-years, and the secondary risk time of 2.1 million person-years. Before the COVID-19 epidemic in Finland, 18.7/100 000 people received a diagnosis of SSNHL annually. The study data suggested no increased risk for SSNHL following any COVID-19 vaccination. In particular, adjusted incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the BNT162b2 vaccine’s 3 doses were 0.8 (95% CI, 0.6-1.0), 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6-1.2), and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.7-1.4), respectively. There was no association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and an increased incidence of SSNHL.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study show no evidence of an increased risk of SSNHL following COVID-19 vaccination. The study accounted for previous disease and other potential confounding factors. These results are based on diagnosis codes in specialized care but still need to be verified in settings that are capable of evaluating the degree of hearing loss.
Unorthodox regulation of the MglA Ras‐like GTPase controlling polarity in Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Dinet Céline , Mignot Tâm 
Published: December 2022

Motile cells have developed a large array of molecular machineries to actively change their direction of movement in response to spatial cues from their environment. In this process, small GTPases act as molecular switches and work in tandem with regulators and sensors of their guanine nucleotide status (GAP, GEF, GDI and effectors) to dynamically polarize the cell and regulate its motility. In this review, we focus on Myxococcus xanthus as a model organism to elucidate the function of an atypical small Ras GTPase system in the control of directed cell motility. M. xanthus cells direct their motility by reversing their direction of movement through a mechanism involving the redirection of the motility apparatus to the opposite cell pole. The reversal frequency of moving M. xanthus cells is controlled by modular and interconnected protein networks linking the chemosensory‐like frizzy (Frz) pathway – that transmits environmental signals – to the downstream Ras‐like Mgl polarity control system – that comprises the Ras‐like MglA GTPase protein and its regulators. Here, we discuss how variations in the GTPase interactome landscape underlie single‐cell decisions and consequently, multicellular patterns.
False memory, attentional bias and future thinking among people living with HIV with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Mashayekhi Sepideh , Moradi AliReza , Mirabolfathi Vida , Hasani Jafar , Farahimanesh Sharareh , Jobson Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPeople living with HIV can experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Complex relationships exist between HIV, PTSD and cognitive impairments. This cross‐sectional study compared three cognitive impairments (false memory, attentional bias, deficits in future thinking) among people living with HIV with and without PTSD in Iran. People living with HIV with PTSD (n = 20) and without PTSD (n = 20) completed measures of psychological symptomatology, dot‐probe task, Deese Roediger McDermott paradigm and future thinking task at Razavi Khorasan Health Center. The PTSD group, when compared to the non‐PTSD group, recognised a significantly greater number of false memories (p < .001; η2 = .58), had an attentional bias toward threat‐related words (p < .001; η2 = .35) and imagined fewer specific future events (p < .001; η2 = .31). People living with HIV with PTSD may have difficulties with false memory, attentional biases, and generating future events. Since psychological treatments are limited in Iran, this research highlighted some potential cognitive targets for people living with HIV.
Electrically and Thermally Controllable Visible‐to‐Near‐Infrared Light Trapping Smart Window with Tunable Optical States
Authors: Puguan John Marc C. , Rathod Pramod V. , Kim Hern 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this work, active viologen anchored on poly(2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PiPO) segments spaced with triazole‐bearing oxyethylene chain (POEm‐PiPO‐HPV) molecule is discovered to be an effective single‐component dual‐band chromic material. Unlike most reported materials of this type, POEm‐PiPO‐HPV not only is electrochromic but thermochromic as well, showing optical switching from clear to hazy at ≈55–59 °C as a result of phase transformation when triggered by heat attaining >60% optical contrast (ΔT) both in the visible and near infrared (NIR) range. Likewise, >75% ΔT is achieved when switched from clear state to colored state at an applied potential (≈0.45–2.9 V). Each distinct mode of chromism uniquely and autonomously modulates visible and NIR light. Multiple color states—hazy, burgundy, brown, dark purple, and royal blue—are also displayed when the spacer length is modified and when the counteranions undergo metathesis. A coloration speed of 25 s resulting in purple color and a bleaching speed of 11 s are attained by PiPO with hepta‐oxyethylene chain and hexafluorophosphate anion (POE7‐PiPO‐HPV‐PF6) with a coloration efficiency of 295.0 cm2 C−1 and cyclic stability of >200 cycles.
Ultra‐High‐Resolution Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Mao Chaomin , Ju Songman , Zheng Jinping , Zheng Yueting , Xu Zhongwei , Lin Lihua , Hu Hailong , Yang Kaiyu , Guo Tailiang , Li Fushan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been widely used to realize light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with high color purity, efficiency, and wide color gamut. Due to the demand for huge amount of display information, development on high‐resolution PQD LEDs (PQLEDs) with massive pixel density are highly desired. Herein, high‐resolution PQLEDs are fabricated by using nanoimprint technique. By preparing a honeycomb‐insulating polymer polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, the high‐resolution pixelated quantum dot emissive layer is formed. In addition, the leakage current of the device is significantly reduced because the direct contact between electron transport layer and hole transport layer is avoided. The PQLEDs based on nanoimprint technology show a resolution of 9072 pixels per inch (PPI), and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) and brightness of 7.81% and 146 400 cd m−2, respectively. The results demonstrate that high‐resolution PQLEDs can be realized by using nanoimprint technology, holding great commercial potential for next‐generation near‐eye displays.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Scintillators Based on Mononuclear Copper(I) Halide Complexes for High‐Resolution X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Liu Xiangmei , Jiang Yangyang , Li Feiyang , Xu Xueli , Li Ruhua , Zhu Wenjuan , Ni Jingfei , Ding Chengbo , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractScintillators have attracted tremendous attention due to their great potential in radiation detection, industrial non‐destructive testing, and medical theranostic applications. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) based scintillators can simultaneously harvest radiation‐induced singlet and triplet excitons for high‐efficient X‐ray excited luminescence. However, pure organic TADF materials composed of light elements exhibit low X‐ray absorption coefficients, resulting in relatively weak X‐ray excited luminescence. Herein, a series of novel high‐performance X‐ray scintillators based on TADF mononuclear Cu(I)‐halide complexes are successfully developed. Together with high X‐ray absorption coefficient of heavy halogen elements and halide‐to‐ligand charge transfer characteristics, these TADF scintillators display excellent performance with high X‐ray relative light yields (as high as 28385 ± 1335 photons MeV−1), good linear response to X‐ray dose rate and high resistance to humidity and radiation. X‐ray imaging tests show that a relatively high spatial resolution of 9.8 lp/mm is realized based on their flexible scintillator films. These features suggest that it is a promising strategy to realize strong X‐ray excited luminescence by incorporating heavy halogen elements in TADF materials, providing more possibilities for exploring new low‐cost and high‐performance scintillators.
A Theoretical Model for Phagocytic Capacity of Phagocytes
Authors: Guan Jingjiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work seeks to establish a theoretical model that links phagocytic capacity of phagocytes with geometries of phagocytes and phagocytic objects. The model is applied to four different types of phagocytic objects: a flat surface, a microsphere, a microdisk, and a population of microspheres. For the flat surface, the model assumes that a phagocyte maximizes its contact area between the flat surface and minimizes its non‐contact surface area under a constraint exerted by the volume of the phagocyte's cellular contents. For any of the other three types of objects, the model assumes that a phagocyte completely phagocytoses the object(s) by exhausting its available membrane area. It also assumes that the post‐phagocytosis phagocyte minimizes its surface area. Moreover, the volume of the phagocyte's cellular contents and the geometry of the object impose constraints on the model. For each case, two governing equations are established and combined to derive a single explicit equation with the phagocyte's phagocytic capacity as a function of other parameters. The equations are applied to experimental data for macrophages and neutrophils in the literature. Methods for extending the model and experimentally testing it are discussed.
High‐Fidelity and Low‐Cost Hyperparallel Quantum Gates for Photon Systems via Λ‐Type Systems
Authors: Du Fang‐Fang , Wu Yi‐Ming , Fan Gang , Ma Zong‐Min 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantum gates designed with minimized resources overhead have a crucial role in quantum information processing. Here, based on the degrees of freedom (DoFs) of photons and Λ‐type atom systems, two high‐fidelity and low‐cost protocols are presented for realizing polarization‐spatial hyperparallel controlled‐not (CNOT) and Toffoli gates on photon systems with only two and four two‐qubit polarization–polarization swap (P‐P‐SWAP) gates in each DoF, respectively. Moreover, the quantum gates can be extended feasibly to construct 2m‐target‐qubit hyperparallel CNOT and 2n‐control‐qubit Toffoli gates required only 4m and 4n P‐P‐SWAP gates on ‐ and ‐photon systems, respectively, which dramatically lower the costs and bridge the divide between the theoretical lower bounds and the current optimal syntheses for the photonic quantum computing. Further, the unique auxiliary atom of these quantum gates can be regarded as a temporary quantum memory that requires no initialization and measurement, and is reused within the coherence time, as the state of the atom remains unchanged after the hyperparallel quantum computing.
Programmable 3D Hexagonal Geometry of DNA Tensegrity Triangles
Authors: Lu Brandon , Woloszyn Karol , Ohayon Yoel P. , Yang Bena , Zhang Cuizheng , Mao Chengde , Seeman Nadrian C. , Vecchioni Simon , Sha Ruojie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNon‐canonical interactions in DNA remain under‐explored in DNA nanotechnology. Recently, many structures with non‐canonical motifs have been discovered, notably a hexagonal arrangement of typically rhombohedral DNA tensegrity triangles that forms through non‐canonical sticky end interactions. Here, we find a series of mechanisms to program a hexagonal arrangement using: the sticky end sequence; triangle edge torsional stress; and crystallization condition. We showcase cross‐talking between Watson–Crick and non‐canonical sticky ends in which the ratio between the two dictates segregation by crystal forms or combination into composite crystals. Finally, we develop a method for reconfiguring the long‐range geometry of formed crystals from rhombohedral to hexagonal and vice versa. These data demonstrate fine control over non‐canonical motifs and their topological self‐assembly. This will vastly increase the programmability, functionality, and versatility of rationally designed DNA constructs.
Chemodivergent, Regio‐ and Enantioselective Cycloaddition Reactions between 1,3‐Dienes and Alkynes
Authors: Singh Dipshi , RajanBabu T. V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlkynes and 1,3‐dienes are among the most readily available precursors for organic synthesis. We report two distinctly different, catalyst‐dependent, modes of regio‐ and enantioselective cycloaddition reactions between these classes of compounds providing rapid access to highly functionalized 1,4‐cyclohexadienes or cyclobutenes from the same precursors. Complexes of an earth abundant metal, cobalt, with several commercially available chiral bisphosphine ligands with narrow bite angles catalyze [4+2]‐cycloadditions between a 1,3‐diene and an alkyne giving a cyclohexa‐1,4‐diene in excellent chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselectivities. In sharp contrast, complex of a finely tuned phosphino‐oxazoline ligand promotes unique [2+2]‐cycloaddition between the alkyne and the terminal double bond of the diene giving a highly functionalized cyclobutene in excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities.
Carboxylated CNTs‐polyvinyl fluoride based electrical film heaters with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Dayananda Hakkimakki Manjegowda , Makari Hanumanthappa Krishnappa , Sreepad Holalkere RamachandraRao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFabrication of electrical heating nanocomposite films for joule heating applications has been a great challenge. In this study, we report a carboxylated MWCNTs‐PVDF electrical nanocomposite films fabricated by combining the thermal inversion and spray coating techniques. The as fabricated nanocomposite films were characterized in detail by using IR spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction, and Field Emission‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE‐SEM). The universal testing machine (UTM) was used to analyze the mechanical properties, and IR thermography was used to study the electrical properties. The spray deposition of increasing content of carboxylated MWCNTs from 100 to 400 mg improved the conductivity from 0.0283 to 0.856 Scm−1 and the tensile strength and % elongation at break from 1.754 MPa and 9.91% to 9.22 MPa and 9.98%. The PNC‐400 exhibited notable increase in temperature from 25°C to 152.7°C with increase of applied voltage (4–16 V). Therefore, these self‐heating Carboxylated MWCNTs/polymer nanocomposites are suitable to be applied in different joule heating areas attributing to the effective heating upon low power delivery.
N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine ameliorates gestational diabetes mellitus by inhibiting oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Pei , Ma Hehong , Hou Xiuzhen , Song Lili , Feng Miaoxiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnant disorder that needs careful medical attention. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) is a well‐recognized antioxidant to treat oxidative stress‐induced diseases. Although its role in GDM has been reported, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Therefore, our current study further explored its protective role against GDM. An 8‐week‐old, db/+, female mice were injected with a single dose of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Pregnant mice were randomly treated with 1200 mg/kg NAC or water daily. On gestational day 19, oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and visceral fat tissue and blood samples were collected. After delivery, litter size and weight were recorded. NAC could effectively improve GDM‐induced glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, activated inflammation, and oxidative stress in GDM mice. Moreover, NAC reduced the litter size and weight of GDM mice. NAC also activated the nuclear factor‐erythroid factor 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signaling pathway in the liver of GDM mice. NAC effectively ameliorated GDM symptoms and the reproductive outcome of GDM mice through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, NAC might serve as a potential candidate drug against GDM.
Ultrasensitive and selective colorimetric detection of uric acid using peroxidase mimetic activity of biogenic palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Tripathi Ravi Mani , Chung Sang J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUric acid (2,6,8‐trihydroxypurine) is a metabolic product of purine, which is one of the important markers of human health. The development of a rapid, facile, highly sensitive, and selective method for uric acid detection is critical for the diagnosis of related diseases and is still a strategic challenge. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric assay for the detection of uric acid using biogenic palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were shown to acquire peroxidase mimetic activity that oxidized 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine and produced a blue colour in an assay. The developed colorimetric assay is instrument‐free detection of uric acid with a limit of detection of 0.05 μM and a 1.11 μM limit of quantification (LOQ). This is the first report determining the LOQ for a colorimetric assay that gives the lowest quantity of analyte that can be evaluated with more precision under the specified conditions of the analysis. The developed assay had a linear response at low uric acid concentrations of 0.05 to 1 μM and a 0.99841 linear regression correlation coefficient. This colorimetric detection provides a rapid, cost‐effective, and easy‐to‐use platform for the clinical diagnosis of uric acid biomarkers.
Cardiac troponins: Mechanisms of release and role in healthy and diseased subjects
Authors: Ragusa Rosetta , Masotti Silvia , Musetti Veronica , Rocchiccioli Silvia , Prontera Concetta , Perrone Marco , Passino Claudio , Clerico Aldo , Caselli Chiara 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe cardiac troponins (cTns), cardiac troponin C (cTnC), cTnT, and cTnI are key elements of myocardial apparatus, fixed as protein complex on the thin filament of sarcomere and are involved in the regulation of excitation–contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes in the presence of Ca2+. Circulating cTnT and cTnI (cTns) increase following cardiac tissue necrosis, and they are consolidated biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the use of high sensitivity (hs)‐immunoassay tests for cTnT and cTnI has made it possible to identify a multitude of other clinical conditions associated with increased circulating levels of cTns. cTns can be measured also in the peripheral circulation of healthy subjects or athletes, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the release of cTns in the blood independently of cardiac cell necrosis. In this review, the molecular/cellular mechanisms involved in cTns release in blood and the exploitation of cTnI and cTnT as biomarkers of cardiac adverse events, in addition to cardiac necrosis, are discussed.