bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ice encasement, covers, and snow and ice removal on annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and red fescue putting greens
Authors: Waalen Wendy M. , Heltoft Pia , Espevig Tatsiana , Aamlid Trygve S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTurfgrass winter kill due to freeze/thaw cycles and ice encasement (IE) is a problem on putting greens the Nordic countries. Our objectives were (1) to investigate how green coverage with impermeable plastic before IE affects soil temperature, O2 and CO2 concentrations, winter survival and spring recovery of creeping bentgrass (CRB), red fescue (RF), and annual bluegrass (AB) and (2) to explore how these turfgrasses are affected by snow and ice removal during the entire winter or parts of it. Six treatments were imposed on 5‐month‐old turf of the three species during the winters 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 at NIBIO Apelsvoll, Norway (60°42′ N). With an average soil temperature at 2‐cm depth of −0.9°C and the lowest O2 concentrations around 5%, conditions under IE or plastic + IE treatments never became anoxic. On average for six treatments and 2 years, CRB and RF had significantly better winter survival (both 52%) than AB (25%). Turfgrass winter survival, spring color, and spring growth were significantly better (62% survival on average for species) with plastic between the grass and 10‐cm IE than with 10‐cm IE directly on the grass (23% survival). Snow and ice removal throughout the winter or before IE in early January improved turfgrass freezing tolerance in January but did not improve winter survival, green color, or spring growth compared with the control treatment with natural winter conditions. We conclude that putting greens in areas with unstable winters and risk for prolonged IE ought to be protected by impermeable plastic. Ventilation under the plastic may be necessary on old greens with more organic matter than in this experiment. On frozen uncovered greens, it is better to avoid prolonged IE by snow removal before rain or warm spell in December/early January than by mechanical ice removal in March.
Prevalence and Doppler Indices of Late‐Onset Fetal Growth Restriction at a Single University Hospital in Southern Thailand
Authors: Watthanasathitnukun Wattanan , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Chainarong Natthicha , Petpichetchian Chusana , Leelarujijareon Chutinun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence of late‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR), and comprehensively assess maternal and fetal Doppler indices by comparing the Doppler measurements of the uterine artery (UtA), umbilical artery (UA), umbilical vein (UV), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and ductus venosus (DV) between normal and FGR groups.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 306 singleton pregnant women at ≥ 32 weeks' gestation between June 1, 2023 and April 30, 2024. Fetal biometry and Doppler indices were measured via transabdominal ultrasonography by a single operator. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical comparison.ResultsLate‐onset FGR prevalence was 4.9% (15/306). The FGR group had a significantly higher UtA pulsatility index (PI) and lower cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), cerebral‐placental‐uterine ratio (CPUR), and UV blood flow normalized for fetal abdominal circumference (UVBF/AC) compared to the normal group.ConclusionLate‐onset FGR prevalence was approximately 5%. The higher UtA‐PI and lower CPR, CPUR, and UVBF/AC in the FGR group indicated mild placental insufficiency.
Chronic atrial and intestinal dysrhythmia: A rare genetic disorder of intestinal pseudo‐obstruction
Authors: Ahuja Kanya , Pathania Shivany , Baron Nicole , Khlevner Julie , Bialer Martin , Mait‐Kaufman Jennifer 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (PIPO) is a rare and severe disorder of gastrointestinal (GI) motility; patients with PIPO display signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction in the absence of occluding lesions. Chronic atrial and intestinal dysrhythmia (CAID) syndrome is an exceedingly rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SGO1 gene; SGO1 mutations disrupt the cohesin complex, a protein involved in chromosome organization during cell division and hence, DNA stability. CAID leads to both GI and cardiac dysfunction. This case report highlights an exceptional instance of early‐onset pediatric CAID marked by recurrent pseudo‐obstruction and, notably, developmental delay, which has not been previously described. The case emphasizes the importance of genetic evaluation in pediatric patients with unexplained pseudo‐obstruction, and the importance of multidisciplinary management.
Colorectal cancer in a 13‐year‐old with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency and MUTYH heterozygosity
Authors: Cohan Chloe J. , Putzeys Caroline Chinchilla , Pruniski Brianna , Tran Paul 
Published: February 2025

AbstractConstitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a rare hereditary cancer syndrome resulting from biallelic mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes that lead to early‐onset cancers in children, including lymphoma and colorectal cancer (CRC). This case report presents a 13‐year‐old boy diagnosed with CMMRD due to a homozygous MSH6 mutation and a heterozygous MUTYH mutation. The patient's initial misdiagnosis as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) highlights the overlap between CMMRD and NF1, as their overlapping genetic pathologies can yield similar clinical manifestations. This case emphasizes the complexity of genetic diagnoses, particularly when multiple predispositions like MMR and MUTYH mutations coexist. Accurate identification of CMMRD and associated mutations is crucial for timely management and genetic counseling, given its significant implications for cancer risk and treatment strategies.
Effects of different exogenous proteins combined with dry heat treatment on physicochemical properties and digestive characteristics of puffed corn flour
Authors: Ye Yang , Du Haonan , Liu Xiaoqin , Jia Guixiang , Lu Zhaoyi , Wang Yang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDPuffed corn flour (PCF) is produced by the milling of corn flour, followed by extrusion, puffing, drying and grinding processes. PCF possesses extensive potential applications in the food industry, serving as a raw material to produce diverse expanded foods. Nonetheless, PCF presents certain issues, including inadequate protein content and suboptimal flushing characteristics. A multitude of studies indicate that physical alteration and the incorporation of exogenous protein positively affect the modifications in the physical and chemical properties of starch. This study examined the impact of incorporating exogenous protein alongside dry heat treatment (DHT) on the microstructure, physical and chemical properties and in vitro digestion of PCF.RESULTSFourier transform infrared spectroscopy results demonstrated that DHT augmented the hydrogen bond strength of the samples while exerting a negligible effect on the overall structure. Furthermore, via DHT, the incorporation of soybean protein isolate (SPI), whey protein isolate (WPI) and egg white protein (EWP) enhanced the water solubility index of the samples by 8.77%, 19.39% and 22.02%, respectively; the resistant starch content increased by 18.12%, 13.28% and 15.56%, respectively. Nonetheless, DHT resulted in a decrease in sample particle size and the formation of additional cracks and pores on the surface of PCF.CONCLUSIONThe flushing properties of PCF were enhanced by DHT technology and the incorporation of exogenous proteins. The optimal treatment temperature for the EWP group was 90 °C; for the SPI group, it was 80 °C; and for the WPI group, it was 100 °C. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
From Complexity to Clarity: Expanding Metabolome Coverage With Innovative Analytical Strategies
Authors: Aarika Kanukolanu , Rajyalakshmi Ramijinni , Nalla Lakshmi Vineela , Gajula Siva Nageswara Rao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMetabolomics, a powerful discipline within systems biology, aims at comprehensive profiling of small molecules in biological samples. The challenges of biological sample complexity are addressed through innovative sample preparation methods, including solid‐phase extraction and microextraction techniques, enhancing the detection and quantification of low‐abundance metabolites. Advances in chromatographic separation, particularly liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), coupled with high‐resolution (HR) mass spectrometry (MS), have significantly improved the sensitivity, selectivity, and throughput of metabolomic studies. Cutting‐edge techniques, such as ion‐mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS), further expand the capacity for comprehensive metabolite profiling. These advanced analytical platforms each offer unique advantages for metabolomics, with continued technological improvements driving deeper insights into metabolic pathways and biomarker discovery. By providing a detailed overview of current trends and techniques, this review aims to offer valuable insights into the future of metabolomics in human health research and its translational potential in clinical settings. Toward the end, this review also highlights the biomedical applications of metabolomics, emphasizing its role in biomarker discovery, disease diagnostics, personalized medicine, and drug development.
ELK4 transcription promotes MSI2‐mediated progression of non‐small cell lung cancer through the TGF‐β/SMAD3 pathway
Authors: Shi Guo‐Cui , Teng Yu‐Qing , Zhu Jin‐Song , Sun Jia‐Wei , Liu Cui , Zhang Yi‐Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a primary contributor to global cancer‐related mortality. Musashi‐2 (MSI2), an RNA‐binding protein (RBP), is upregulated in specific NSCLC tumor subgroups. The current investigation evaluated the role and underlying mechanism of MSI2 in NSCLC. The expression levels of ELK4, MSI2, SMAD3, p‐SMAD3 and TGFβR1 were assessed via RT–qPCR or Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interaction between ELK4 and MSI2. The proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells were determined via MTT, colony formation, and transwell assays, respectively. A xenograft tumor model was established in BALB/c nude mice. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to test Ki67 expression. We found that MSI2 and ELK4 expression levels were increased in NSCLC tissues and cells. ELK4 depletion suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. ELK4 acts as a transcription factor and promotes the transcription of MSI2. MSI2 depletion repressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion through the TGF‐β/SMAD3 pathway. Overexpression of ELK4 reversed the inhibitory effect of MSI2 repression on NSCLC progression. These results confirmed that ELK4 is a direct regulator of MSI2 expression and that MSI2 promotes NSCLC progression through TGF‐β/SMAD3 activation, suggesting the potential clinical value of inhibiting MSI2 in NSCLC.
Cerium Oxide Decorated Graphene Nanolayers Filled Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers as Optical Piezoelectric Sensors
Authors: Bader Nour , Yempally Swathi , Al‐Ashker Firas , Al‐Ejji Maryam , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis article introduces the fabrication of optical piezoelectric sensors using cerium oxide (CeO)‐decorated graphene nanolayers incorporated into polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) fibers. Electrospinning method is employed to create the composite nanofibers, resulting in a highly aligned and consistent fibrous structure. Graphene nanolayers are functionalized onto CeO nanoparticles using a rapid and scalable solution‐based process. The resulting hybrid composite material exhibited superior piezoelectric characteristics compared to pure PVDF‐HFP. A fiber Bragg grating sensor is integrated into the PVDF‐HFP nanofiber composite to enable optical sensing. As a strain gauge, the sensor detected variations in fiber length caused by mechanical deformation. The addition of CeO‐decorated graphene nanolayers enhanced the piezoelectric response of the PVDF‐HFP nanofibers, producing an electrical signal proportional to the applied mechanical stress. The sensor's performance is evaluated under various mechanical stimuli, including compression, bending, and vibration. The sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity, repeatability, and fast response times. The proposed optical piezoelectric sensor, based on PVDF‐HFP nanofibers filled with CeO‐decorated graphene nanolayers, shows great potential for applications in robotics, wearable electronics, and structural health monitoring. This sensor technology is highly appealing for next‐generation smart materials and devices due to its enhanced piezoelectric properties, optical sensing capabilities, and mechanical resilience.
Carrier Screening and Prenatal Diagnosis for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Ningde City, Fujian Province
Authors: Lu JiaoJiao , Zheng Xian , Yang Jing , Dong WenXu , Cao LuoYuan , Zeng Xiaomei , Wu Qinjuan , Chen Xunyan , Fu XianGuo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to screen for SMN1 (OMIM#600354) deletion carriers in 6035 pregnant women in the eastern part of Fujian Province, to provide a theoretical basis for genetic counseling and further prenatal diagnosis of the disease, and to explore the carrier frequency and clinical significance of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in the eastern part of Fujian Province.MethodsPregnant women treated at the prenatal diagnosis institution of Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University from February 2022 to October 2023 were selected as research subjects. The exons 7 and 8 (E7 and E8) of the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) from 6035 pregnant women were detected using real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). Spouses of pregnant women with positive results were recalled for gene detection, and prenatal diagnosis was performed for both partners as carriers.ResultsA total of 100 SMA carriers were detected in 6035 pregnant women, including 98 with heterozygous deletions of E7 and E8 of the SMN1 gene and two with heterozygous deletions of E7 only. The carrier frequency was 1.66%. One couple was both identified as SMA carriers, and their fetus with a homozygous deletion of E7 and E8 of the SMN1 gene was finally detected by prenatal diagnosis and gene analysis.ConclusionThe frequency of SMA mutation in the Ningde area of Fujian province has been identified, which can provide the basis for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Interventional prenatal genetic diagnosis for high‐risk fetuses can effectively prevent the birth of children with SMA and is crucial for preventing and controlling birth defects.
The Numerical Analysis of the Fractional Maxwell Fluid in Porous Rock Formations
Authors: Jiang Jinxia , Liu Mengqi , Zhao Haojie , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFractional derivatives are global operators in which the time and space fractional derivatives represent temporal memory and spatial nonlocality, respectively. It is confirmed that the fractional Maxwell fluid model is more suitable for describing crude oil constitutive relation by the rheological experiment. In this paper, an investigation of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow and heat transfer of crude oil nanofluid in porous rock formations is presented. The fractional governing equations with the time and space fractional derivatives have been established. Numerical solutions are obtained by the finite difference method with the L1 algorithm and L2 algorithm to discrete the fractional derivatives. The numerical solution is verified by comparing with the exact solution constructed by introducing a source term. The effects of the involved parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions are analyzed and discussed in detail. It is noteworthy that the velocity profiles decrease significantly with the increasing while the temperature profiles increase with the increasing .
Innate Character of Conformable Fractional Derivative and Its Effects on Solutions of Differential Equations
Authors: Xu Jiafa , Cui Yujun , Rui Weiguo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the innate character of the conformable fractional derivative is studied and a new type of soliton named semidomain soliton has been discovered in the conformable fractional model. The investigation shows that there is a large difference between the conformable fractional derivative and the classical Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. The conformable fractional differential operator no longer have memory function as Riemann–Liouville fractional differential operator. The further investigation shows that the conformable fractional derivative is essentially a kind of cognate derivative of the integer‐order derivative. It is found that the solutions between the conformable fractional differential equations and the integer‐order differential equations can be transformed directly through the variable replacements. Several theorems for solution replacements between the conformable fractional differential equation and the integer‐order differential equation are given and proved. It is found that there are some differences on dynamical properties of solutions between the conformable fractional differential equations and the classical integer‐order differential equations. The finding of the above interesting properties implies that the conformable fractional differential operator will have good application prospects on establishing mathematical models in the future.
Development of Dual‐Slot Antenna Array Using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Technique
Authors: Paliwal Gunjan J. , Kumar Arvind , Althuwayb Ayman A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates a single‐layer substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed slot antenna and its 1 × 4 linear array counterpart. The antenna unit comprises an SIW‐based rectangular cavity, dual arc‐shaped slots, and a tapered microstrip feed line. Operating in TE102 mode, the antenna exhibits dual resonant frequencies, spanning from 8.71 to 9.05 GHz, with peaks at 8.8 and 8.98 GHz. Fabricated using conventional printed circuit board (PCB) techniques, the array design is subjected to tests for reflection coefficient, gain, and radiation patterns. The measured results closely match simulations, showcasing operational frequencies from 8.65 to 9.025 GHz, with an average gain of 8.24 dBi. With dimensions of 2.15 × 2.48 × 0.023λ0 mm, the array offers advantages such as a planar feeding network, compact size, affordability, and ease of fabrication. These attributes position the proposed design as an ideal candidate for X‐band wireless communication transceivers.
The Optical Absorption and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Cu2+ Incorporated Dicalcium Lead Propionate
Authors: Yadav Awadhesh Kumar , Kripal Ram 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFollowing γ‐ray exposure, a room‐temperature study of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is conducted on Cu2+‐doped dicalcium lead propionate (DCLP), Ca2Pb(C2H5COO)6. Cu2+ is found at four magnetically equivalent sites replacing Ca2+. EPR spectra are fitted to a rhombic symmetry Hamiltonian in order to determine the spin Hamiltonian parameters. The determined parameters are gx = 2.0245 ± 0.0002, gy = 2.1024 ± 0.0002, gz = 2.3476 ± 0.0002, Ax = (56 ± 2) × 10−4 cm−1, Ay = (78 ± 2) × 10−4 cm−1, and Az = (98 ± 2) × 10−4 cm−1. The experimental value of g‐anisotropy is compared with the evaluated one. The wavefunction for the ground state is determined to be 0.999|x2 − y2> − 0.004|3z2 − r2>. The complex's bonding nature is determined with the aid of an optical study. The optical transitions dx2−y2 → dxy(2B1g → 2B2g), dx2−y2 → dxz,yz(2B1g → 2Eg), and dx2−y2 → d3z2‐r2(2B1g → 2A1g) are observed at 12,121, 18,691, and 25,316 cm−1, respectively. The molecular orbital coefficients α02, β12, β02, and β′2 and Fermi contact term K for Cu2+‐doped DCLP are found as 0.63, 1.00, 1.00, 0.40, and 0.44, respectively.
The demographic collapse of hunting in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Gaspar Mario , Acevedo Pelayo , Arrondo Eneko , García‐Martínez Ignacio , Herrero Juan , Pascual‐Rico Roberto , Sánchez‐Zapata José A. , Anadón José D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Hunting is one of the oldest and most relevant extractive activities performed by humans in nature. Over the last century hunting has experienced profound changes in developed countries, shifting from a consumption to a recreational activity and declining in some countries. However, substantial quantitative information on these trends at large temporal scales, as well as the projection of the number of hunters and their demographic structure under future scenarios is lacking at regional scales.

Here we (i) describe the current demography of hunters in a large portion of the Iberian Peninsula, (ii) quantify population and recruitment trends for the last five decades and (iii) starting from those trends, we project the number and structure of hunters for the following decades.

At present, the studied hunting population, with nearly 600,000 hunters, is strongly ageing, with the most abundant cohort being that between 61 and 70 years, and its prevalence is eight times higher on the smallest towns than in the large cities. Over the last 15 years hunters have declined by 26%, while over the last 50 years it has declined by 45%. This trend is linked to a steady decline of recruitment of young hunters that has been overall reduced by 89% in the last 50 years.

By 2050, if following average trends observed during the last five decades, hunters in the whole study area are expected to decrease by 70%, and the proportion of hunters aged over 60 will increase from 40% to 61%.

Overall, our results indicate an ongoing collapse of the population of hunters in the Iberian Peninsula due to lack of recruitment, which began at least five decades ago. This collapse, together with other post‐rural abandonment processes (e.g. livestock and wood‐collection) is likely having a deep impact on wildlife populations and ecosystems, which is largely understudied. In this new post‐abandonment state, approaches to environmental management should be adapted to accommodate these ongoing, long‐term socio‐ecological shifts.

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