bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los inicios de la nueva industria sedera en Toledo (1475-1508)
Authors: ROZAS ESPAÑOL Ángel 
Published: January 2022

This article details the beginnings of a new kind of silk’s textile production in the city of Toledo at the end of the 15th century: velvet. We examine the precedents of silk production of the city and how it was introduced a new one which partially replaced it. A key point on the analysis is the ordinances Toledo’s velvet weaving of 1485. Throughout this regulation and also through notarial protocols of the city we try to bring an image of the labor organization.
El presente artículo trata sobre los inicios de una nueva forma de producción de tejidos de seda en la ciudad de Toledo a finales del siglo XV: el terciopelo. Se examina las formas de producción en fechas anteriores y la manera en la que se introduce esta nueva modalidad productiva, así como su desarrollo en los siglos siguientes. Un hecho clave para la comprensión de este proceso son las ordenanzas de tejer terciopelo de Toledo del año 1485. A partir de esta reglamentación y de los protocolos notariales toledanos se ofrece una imagen de la organización productiva de esta actividad en la ciudad.
Assessment of Career Development on Employee Performance in Private Health Sector in Isiolo County
Authors: Hallo Adan Hatari , Obuba Robert 
Published: January 2022

Developing employees for future positions enables organizations to develop and place employees in positions compatible with their career interests, needs, and goals. However, most previous studies on career development did not focus on the private sector. It is against these that the study sought to assess the influence of career development on employee performance in the private sector in Isiolo County, Kenya. The study was anchored under social exchange theory: job embeddedness theory and burnout theory of engagement. The study adopted a descriptive survey design that targeted 397 private medical practitioners in Isiolo County. Stratified and basic random sampling methods were used to choose the population sample of 199 respondents. A standard questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were calculated using test-retest methods on a sample pilot of 20 medical practitioners chosen from private hospitals in Isiolo County. They were not included in the main study and computed using the alpha coefficient of Cronbach and supervisor guidance. The study established an alpha coefficient of 0.831. A mixed-method approach was used to collect both Qualitative and quantitative data Frequencies, means, and standard deviations were given by descriptive analysis. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to base inferential statistics. ANOVA was used as inferential tools to evaluate the relationship between the study variables with the help of IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 24. Descriptive results indicated a majority of the employees strongly agreed that there are coaching and mentorship programs for career development (M=4.50, SD=1.229). However, there were mixed reactions to the existence of a well-established career path planning aligned with personal goals and interests in the organization where most of the employees remained neutral (M = 3.36, SD = 1.215). With a regression analysis established an R squared of 62.1%, the study suggested another study to establish the other factors that contribute 37.9% to employee performance in the private health sector in Isiolo County.
Intervention is Urgently Needed to Address Poor Awareness of South Asian Family Caregivers for Dementia Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Islam Qazi Shafayetul , Akter Nasima 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: “The National Dementia Strategies” in Canada emphasizes improving the knowledge of formal and informal caregivers for better care for the person living with dementia.
Aim: This study aimed at exploring awareness and the attitudes of South Asian Bangladeshi family caregivers towards dementia care.
Methods: It was purposive sampling and a qualitative study. The study included 45 family caregivers (>55 years) for the face-to-face interviews in Toronto, Ontario. The study used semi-structured questions. The duration of the data collection was between February and March 2020.
Results: The study included the three areas related to dementia, such as a) the awareness of dementia, b: awareness of prevention and treatment as well as the awareness of caregivers about what is needed for better dementia care, and c) attitudes of caregivers towards dementia care. Many caregivers described dementia as memory loss and forgetfulness. According to the caregivers, anxiety, depression, and aging were the risk factors of dementia. The caregivers commonly perceived dementia as an unpreventable and incurable disease. Moreover, many caregivers did not know about the appropriate health providers who diagnosed and treated dementia, and they were not aware of non-pharmacological care of dementia. The caregivers perceived dementia as a shameful disease. They would not go for diagnosis if they had risks for dementia and would hide their dementia after diagnosis. Many caregivers confessed that training was essential to improve knowledge about dementia, but they did not want to be a caregiver for the person living with dementia.
Conclusion: The South Asian Bangladeshi family caregivers had not enough awareness about dementia, prevention, and treatment. Dementia was associated with shame, and they had less interest in dementia care. Urgent educational training is needed in their language to improve knowledge, reduce stigma, engage them in dementia care, and achieve the goals of the National Dementia Strategies.
Alopecia and Dermatitis Caused by Lepoarcarus gibbus in a New Zealand White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) – Clinical and Parasitological Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Bhavani M. Sandhya , Baranidharan G. R. , Rubinibala B. , Nagarajan L. 
Published: January 2022

Aim: Ectoparasites associated dermatological disorders are frequently encountered in laboratory and pet rabbit medicine practice, however, L. gibbus is the only ectoparasite rarely reported in either pet and laboratory rabbits or hares as L. gibbus are usually asymptomatic. The aim of the present report is to describe a case of alopecia and dermatitis associated with Lepoarcarus gibbis in a rabbit from India. Presentation of Case: A 1.5 year old female New Zealand White rabbit was presented to the Dermatology Unit with erythema and poorly demarcated alopecia on the dorsal neck and face. A skin scraping and coat brushings were performed. On microscopic evaluation of hair samples, L. gibbus infestation was confirmed. Treatment with ivermectin (0.3 mg/kg) biweekly once for 3 doses proved effective.
Discussion and Conclusion: L.gibbus may be presented with severe hairfall in the absence of other mites and treatment with ivermectin is effective.
Based on the literature research this may be the first case report on alopecia and dermatitis due to L.gibbus in rabbit from India. Further studies should be planned on the prevalence of the mite as it is reported to have zoonotic potential.
Cobaloxime Complex‐Mediated Organic Chemistry
Authors: Welker Mark E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cobaloxime complexes are now used to mediate a host of organic reactions. This chapter attempts to cover advances in this field which have occurred between 2000 and 2020. Topics range from the synthesis of new cobaloxime complexes which have been prepared for use in organic reactions to cobaloxime complex‐mediated or ‐assisted organic reactions. Reaction coverage includes, but is not limited to, cycloaddition and cyclization reactions, cross‐coupling reactions, carbonate synthesis and cobaloxime‐mediated oxidations and reductions including radical chemistry, and hydrogen production or removal using cobaloximes.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed CH Activation
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of cobalt‐catalyzed CH activation reactions reported from 2010 to mid‐2020. The reactions are categorized primarily by the nature of the cobalt species (i.e., low or high valent) and secondarily by the type of the reaction partner and/or the transformation. “Low‐valent” cobalt catalysts generally refer to catalysts generated
in situ
from Co
II
or Co
III
precatalysts and reductants or those having well‐defined structures with Co
0
or Co
I
oxidation state. “High‐valent” cobalt catalysts are typically Co
III
complexes supported by pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) or analogous ligands or cobalt species generated from Co
II
or Co
III
precatalysts under oxidative or nonreductive conditions.
Electrochemical Cobalt‐Catalyzed CH Activations with Potential
Authors: Mei Ruhuai , Samanta Ramesh C. , Dhawa Uttam , Ma Wenbo , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cobalt‐catalyzed oxidative CH functionalization has been recognized as a competent tool for the assembly of CC and CHet bonds, which provides unique potential for transformative applications in molecular sciences. In the earlier advances, stoichiometric and/or toxic transition metals were typically used as sacrificial oxidants for these transformations; thus, the generation of metal‐containing by‐products were inevitable. In contrast, a significant monument was gained by merging the electroorganic synthesis with cobalt‐catalyzed CH functionalization. Thus, electricity is employed as a sustainable and environmentally benign redox reagent, thereby significantly circumventing the consumption of cost‐intensive chemicals. Given the unparalleled potential of the aforementioned approaches for sustainable synthesis, this chapter summarizes the recent progress in electrochemical cobalt‐catalyzed CH activations.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Capdevila Lorena , Ribas Xavi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter covers all types of cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions reported so far, focusing on the mainstream CC cross‐coupling methodologies with organometallic nucleophilic reagents (organomagnesium, organozinc, and organoboron). A dedicated section on the mechanistic aspects of these catalysis is then included. Finally, the more recent cobalt‐catalyzed C–heteroatom bond‐forming reactions (CN, CO, CS, and CP) are covered. All these examples exemplify the potential and adaptability of cobalt to a variety of experimental conditions to effectively perform the desired transformations and the long‐run future lying ahead for cobalt catalysis.
Replacing gamma knife beam‐profiles on film with point‐detector scans
Authors: Rudek Benedikt , Bernstein Kenneth , Osterman Sunshine , Qu Tanxia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeDetector arrays and profile‐scans have widely replaced film‐measurements for quality assurance (QA) on linear accelerators. Film is still used for relative output factor (ROF) measurements, positioning, and dose‐profile verification for annual Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) QA. This study shows that small‐field active detector measurements can be performed in the easily accessed clinical mode and that they are an effective replacement to time‐consuming and exacting film measurements.MethodsBeam profiles and positioning scans for 4‐mm, 8‐mm, and 16‐mm‐collimated fields were collected along the x‐, y‐, and z‐axes. The Exradin W2‐scintillator and the PTW microdiamond‐detector were placed in custom inserts centered in the Elekta solid‐water phantom for these scans. GafChromic EBT3‐film was irradiated with single uniformly collimated exposures as the clinical‐standard reference, using the same solid‐water phantom for profile tests and the Elekta film holder for radiation focal point (RFP)/patient‐positioning system (PPS) coincidence. All experimental data were compared to the tissue‐maximum‐ratio‐based (TMR10) dose calculation.ResultsThe detector‐measured beam profiles and film‐based profiles showed excellent agreement with TMR10‐predicted full‐width, half‐maximum (FWHM) values. Absolute differences between the measured FWHM and FWHM from the treatment‐planning system were on average 0.13 mm, 0.08 mm, and 0.04 mm for film, microdiamond, and scintillator, respectively. The coincidence between the RFP and the PPS was measured to be ≤0.5 mm with microdiamond, ≤0.41 mm with the W2‐1 × 1 scintillator, and ≤0.22 mm using the film‐technique.ConclusionsSmall‐volume field detectors, used in conjunction with a clinically available phantom, an electrometer with data‐logging, and treatment plans created in clinical mode offer an efficient and viable alternative for film‐based profile tests. Position verification can be accurately performed when CBCT‐imaging is available to correct for residual detector‐position uncertainty. Scans are easily set up within the treatment‐planning‐system and, when coupled with an automated analysis, can provide accurate measurements within minutes.
Mineral Modulated Single Atom Catalyst for Effective Water Treatment
Authors: Dong Xiongbo , Chen Zitong , Tang Aidong , Dionysiou Dionysios D. , Yang Huaming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) have been growing as an emerging “hot” topic in environmental remediation. Their performance can be rationally optimized via modulating spatial coordination configuration and the porous structure of SACs, which is still challenging. Herein, a novel Si, N co‐coordinated cobalt SAC (p‐CoSi1N3@D) with 3D free standing architecture is tailored via employing natural mineral (diatomite) as a Si source and porous template. Theoretical calculations and experimental analysis reveal that the substitution of N by Si dramatically accelerates the interaction and electron transfer between peroxymonosulfate and the Co single atom center. Moreover, p‐CoSi1N3@D inherits the hierarchically porous architecture of diatomite, providing more accessible cobalt sites and open diffusion channels for peroxymonosulfate and contaminants in water treatment applications. Thanks to optimal coordination structure and porous architecture, p‐CoSi1N3@D can serve as a highly active catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation, with a turnover frequency of 299.8 min−1 for bisphenol A degradation, surpassing those of catalysts with transition metal SACs or oxides in the disclosed literature. This work provides a novel strategy for the development of SACs for wastewater reclamation, and deepens the understanding of the significant role of templates in spatial coordination configuration of SACs.
Promoting Homogeneous Interfacial Li+ Migration by Using a Facile N2 Plasma Strategy for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Yao Zhengyin , Kang Yao , Hou Minjie , Huang Jian , Zhang Jiaqing , Yang Bin , Dai Yongnian , Liang Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHybrid solid electrolytes (HSEs) with satisfactory ionic conductivities, good flexibilities, and ideal interface compatibilities are crucial for the development of all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries. However, Li dendrites and sluggish interfacial Li+ transfer dynamics between the Li metal and HSEs restrict practical applications. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to promote homogeneous interfacial Li+ migration by modifying HSEs by using nitrogen plasma. N2 plasma not only decreases the crystallinity and glass transition temperature of HSE but also in‐situ generates an ultra‐stable and conductive Li3N layer on the HSE surface. This conductive layer promotes interfacial Li+ migration and favorable wettability, thus effectively improving Li+ transfer dynamics and homogeneous deposition. Therefore, a HSE modified by N2 plasma for 10 s exhibits a low interfacial impedance of 26.5 Ω cm−2 and a high Li+ conductivity of 7.35 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30 °C. Moreover, a symmetric Li|HSE|Li battery exhibits a stable plating/stripping capability without Li dendrite growth at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 during continuous operation over 1000 h. In addition, an all‐solid‐state Li|HSE|LiFePO4 battery exhibits an initial specific capacity of 145.0 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a high capacity retention of 92.4% (134.0 mAh g−1) after 140 cycles.
Targeting the Meningeal Compartment to Resolve Chemobrain and Neuropathy via Nasal Delivery of Functionalized Mitochondria
Authors: Alexander Jenolyn F. , Mahalingam Rajasekaran , Seua Alexandre V. , Wu Suhong , Arroyo Luis D. , Hörbelt Tina , Schedlowski Manfred , Blanco Elvin , Kavelaars Annemieke , Heijnen Cobi J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCognitive deficits (chemobrain) and peripheral neuropathy occur in ∼75% of patients treated for cancer with chemotherapy and persist long‐term in >30% of survivors. Without preventive or curative interventions and with increasing survivorship rates, the population debilitated by these neurotoxicities is rising. Platinum‐based chemotherapeutics, including cisplatin, induce neuronal mitochondrial defects leading to chemobrain and neuropathic pain. This study investigates the capacity of nasally administered mesenchymal stem cell‐derived mitochondria coated with dextran‐triphenylphosphonium polymer (coated mitochondria) to reverse these neurotoxicities. Nasally administered coated mitochondria are rapidly detectable in macrophages in the brain meninges but do not reach the brain parenchyma. The coated mitochondria change expression of >2400 genes regulating immune, neuronal, endocrine and vascular pathways in the meninges of mice treated with cisplatin. Nasal administration of coated mitochondria reverses cisplatin‐induced cognitive deficits and resolves neuropathic pain at a >55‐times lower dose compared to uncoated mitochondria. Reversal of these neuropathologies is associated with resolution of cisplatin‐induced deficits in myelination, synaptosomal mitochondrial integrity and neurogenesis. These findings demonstrate that nasally administered coated mitochondria promote resolution of chemobrain and peripheral neuropathy, thereby identifying a novel facile strategy for clinical application of mitochondrial donation and treating central and peripheral nervous system pathologies by targeting the brain meninges.
Unraveling Crystallization Mechanisms and Electronic Structure of Phase‐Change Materials by Large‐Scale Ab Initio Simulations
Authors: Xu Yazhi , Zhou Yuxing , Wang Xu‐Dong , Zhang Wei , Ma En , Deringer Volker L. , Mazzarello Riccardo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGe–Sb–Te (“GST”) alloys are leading phase‐change materials for digital memories and neuro‐inspired computing. Upon fast crystallization, these materials form rocksalt‐like phases with large structural and vacancy disorder, leading to an insulating phase at low temperature. Here, a comprehensive description of crystallization, structural disorder, and electronic properties of GeSb2Te4 based on realistic, quantum‐mechanically based (“ab initio”) computer simulations with system sizes of more than 1000 atoms is provided. It is shown how an analysis of the crystallization mechanism based on the smooth overlap of atomic positions kernel reveals the evolution of both geometrical and chemical order. The connection between structural and electronic properties of the disordered, as‐crystallized models, which are relevant to the transport properties of GST, is then studied. Furthermore, it is shown how antisite defects and extended Sb‐rich motifs can lead to Anderson localization in the conduction band. Beyond memory applications, these findings are therefore more generally relevant to disordered rocksalt‐like chalcogenides that exhibit self‐doping, since they can explain the origin of Anderson insulating behavior in both p‐ and n‐doped chalcogenide materials.
Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Light Management of All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Islam Md. Rasidul , Wu Yulin , Liu Kong , Wang Zhijie , Qu Shengchun , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDeveloping tandem solar cells is an excellent strategy to break through the Shockley–Queisser limit for single‐junction solar cells. All‐perovskite tandem solar cells (all‐PTSCs) are considered to have great potential by virtue of their advantages of low‐cost and low‐temperature fabrication. However, complicated light distribution and potential loss of incident light are two issues that hinder the development of all‐PTSCs. In this review, the recent progress in light management of two‐terminal (2T) and four‐terminal (4T) all‐PTSCs is summarized. The authors discuss the problems with wide‐bandgap and narrow‐bandgap sub‐cells and optimization strategies for efficient light management of tandem solar cells. Then, main light losses are analyzed, such as parasitic absorption, reflection, and thermal relaxation. Current mismatching is a critical condition that can affect the practical application of 2T tandem solar cells. The authors discuss how the thickness and bandgap of the absorber layer, interference, back reflections, and light distribution influence on light losses in devices and ultimately impact current matching. Also, the impact of light management on the performance of all‐PTSCs is comprehensively reviewed. Finally, key issues and the prospects for the future development of all‐PTSCs are outlined.
3D Microstructured Inorganic Perovskite Materials for Thermal Neutron Detection
Authors: Caraveo‐Frescas Jesus A. , Reyes‐Banda Martin G. , Fernandez‐Izquierdo Leunam , Quevedo‐Lopez Manuel A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA combination of novel techniques such as a solvent‐free thin‐film deposition, perovskite patterning, and 10B back‐fill technique enables the high neutron detection efficiency in a perovskite‐based microstructured thermal neutron detector. High‐efficiency cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite‐based microstructured detectors are demonstrated here. Trenches up to 10 µm deep are etched into the CsPbBr3 thin films using a novel dry etching process involving a combination of HBr and Ar plasma. The microstructured diodes are then backfilled with isotopically enriched boron as neutron conversion material via a sedimentation process to preserve the perovskite integrity. The fabricated microstructured CsPbBr3 thermal neutron detectors show an efficiency of 4.3%. This represents >1.2x efficiency improvement over planar silicon (3.5%) and >2x efficiency improvement over planar CsPbBr3 (2.1%) detectors, respectively. More importantly, gamma‐ray discrimination of 107 is measured in CsPbBr3‐based microstructured neutron detectors.
Transparent, P‐channel CuISn Thin‐film Transistor with Field Effect Mobility of 45 cm2 V–1 s–1 and Excellent Bias Stability
Authors: Mude Narendra Naik , Bukke Ravindra Naik , Jang Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe p‐type semiconducting materials are essential building blocks for high performance complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) thin‐film transistor (TFT) circuits. Here, the development of the transparent and high performance of p‐channel copper‐iodide‐tin (CuISn) TFTs is reported. Sn alloy in CuI exhibits remarkable changes in structural and physical properties, which are studied by scanning electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements. It is confirmed that 25% Sn‐alloyed CuI has p‐type conductivity with carrier concentration of 2.1 × 1017 cm–3 and Hall mobility of 63.8 cm2 V–1 s–1. The TFT made with 25% CuISn exhibits the high field‐effect mobility (μFE) of 45.5 cm2 V–1 s–1, which is 10‐fold higher than that of the pristine CuI TFT. The CuISn TFT on polyimide substrate exhibits the μFE of 42.5 cm2 V–1 s–1 and ON/OFF current ratio of ≈107. In addition, the CuISn TFT shows excellent stability with the threshold voltage shift of 0.6 V under negative gate bias stress. In addition, the hetrojunction with Li doped ZnO, CuISn/LZO p‐n junction exhibit excellent rectifying characteristics with the diode ideality factor of 1.3 and forward to reverse current ratio of ≈107, which is three order higher than that of CuI/LZO diode. Therefore, the p‐channel CuISn TFTs can be widely used to open up cost‐effective transparent CMOS TFT circuits, displays, and flexible electronics.