bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy assessment of metalloporphyrins as functional materials for photodetection applications: role of central tetrapyrrole metal ions
Authors: El-Mahalawy Ahmed M. , Nawar Ahmed M. , Wassel Ahmed R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite the continued research, it is still not entirely clear how important characteristics of metalloporphyrins are exploited for optoelectronic applications. Consequently, the stimulant aim for this work is to design and implement organic/inorganic heterojunctions based on metalloporphyrins (CuTPP, NiTPP, FeTPPCl, and MnTPPCl)/n-Si and evolve their photodetection performance. To evaluate the performance variation of variously manufactured photodetectors, structural characterizations using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and AFM are combined with optical absorption and photoluminescence. Core level emissions are used to unveil the deposited films’ electronic and structural features. The estimated energy gap values are found to be 2.4, 2.53, 2.49, and 2.43 eV for CuTPP. NiTPP. FeTPPCl, and MnTPPCl, respectively. The fabricated devices’ PL-spectra are analyzed, where CuTPP exhibited the lowest value of excitonic binding energy. The photodetection performance is evaluated via the J–V relation under dark and various radiant illumination power. The microelectronic parameters of the manufactured heterojunctions are estimated. Ultimately, the photodetectors' figures of merit are estimated for all the fabricated devices, where CuTPP/n-Si heterojunction achieved the best performance and highest values of R = 11.95 mA/W, D* = 8.7 × 109 Jones, LDR = 46.18 dB, SNR = 203.4, and trise/tfall = 51.32/54.29 ms. Consequently, MTPP-based photoreceptors would play an active role as a powerful tool for light detection soon.
Graphical abstract
Radiation Synthesis of Green Nanoarchitectonics of Guar Gum-Pectin/Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Superabsorbent Hydrogel for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Sayed Asmaa , Mohamed Mai M. , Abdel-raouf Manar El-Sayed , Mahmoud Ghada A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the current study, the performance of superabsorbent hydrogel composites comprised of Guar gum-Pectin/Polyacrylamide/ZnO crosslinked with gamma irradiation (10 kGy) has been investigated for sustainable agriculture. The claimed composites (GG/PC/PAAm/ZnOx) were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and AFM. The swelling capacity data reveal that the equilibrium water swelling (EW) of the composites was increased by increasing the ZnO content from 600 to 1050 g/g for zero to the highest concentration of ZnO, respectively. Furthermore, the physical properties of the soil mixed with the hydrogels were improved; water holding capacity (WHC) increased to 66% and water retention (WR) kept at 15% after 20 days. The composites showed a good degradability in the biodegradation test. They also portrayed super-absorption capacity at three swelling/deswelling cycles. This advancement is important for reducing water consumption through the irrigation of arid lands. The prepared composites were proved as excellent candidates in sustainable agriculture applications.
Stages of lipoedema: experiences of physical and mental health and health care
Authors: Clarke Chantelle , Kirby James N. , Smidt Tilly , Best Talitha 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lipoedema is a progressive adipose (fat) disorder, and little is known about its psychological effect. This study aimed to determine the experiences of physical and mental health and health care across stages of lipoedema.

Methods
Cross-sectional, secondary data from an anonymous survey (conducted 2014–2015) in Dutch and English in those with self-reported lipoedema were used (N = 1,362, Mdnage = 41–50 years old, 80.2% diagnosed). χ2 analyses of categorical data assessed lipoedema stage groups ‘Stage 1–2’ (N = 423), ‘Stages 3–4’ (N = 474) and ‘Stage Unknown’ (N = 406) experiences of health (physical and psychological), and health care.

Results
Compared to ‘Stage 1–2’, ‘Stage 3–4’ reported more loss of mobility (p =  < .001), pain (p =  < .001), fatigue (p = .002), problems at work (p =  < .001) and were seeking treatment to improve physical functioning (p =  < .001) more frequently. ‘Stage 3–4’ were more likely to report their GP did not have knowledge of lipoedema, did not take them seriously, gave them diet and lifestyle advice, dismissed lipoedema, and treated them ‘badly’ due to overweight/lipoedema compared to ‘Stage 1–2’ (p =  < .001). ‘Stage 3–4’ were more likely to report depression (p =  < .001), emotional lability (p = .033) eating disorders (p = .018) and feeling lonelier, more fearful, and stayed at home more (p =  < .001) and less likely to have visited a psychologist (p =  < .001) compared to ‘Stage 1–2’.

Conclusions
A divergent pattern of physical and psychological experiences between lipoedema stages reflects physical symptom differences and differences in psychological symptoms and health care experiences. These findings increase the understanding of lipoedema symptoms to inform psychological supports for women with lipoedema in navigating chronic health care management.
MOND and meta-empirical theory assessment
Authors: De Baerdemaeker Siska , Dawid Richard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM has emerged as the standard model of cosmology, a small group of physicists defends modified newtonian dynamics (MOND) as an alternative view on cosmology. Exponents of MOND have employed a broad, at times explicitly philosophical, conceptual perspective in arguing their case. This paper offers reasons why that MONDian defense has been ineffective. First, we argue that the defense is ineffective according to Popperian or Lakatosian views–ostensibly the preferred philosophical views on theory assessment of proponents of MOND. Second, we argue that the defense of MOND can instead best be reconstructed as an instance of meta-empirical theory assessment. The formal employment of meta-empirical assessment by MONDians is unconvincing, however, because it lacks a sufficient epistemic foundation. Specifically, the MONDian No Alternatives Argument relies on falsifiability or explanation conditions that lack epistemic relevance, while the argument from Unexpected Explanatory Success fails since there is a known alternative to MOND. In the last part of the paper, we draw some lessons for applications of meta-empirical assessment more generally.
Matrine induces autophagy in human neuroblastoma cells via blocking the AKT-mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Nanjing , Yang Chunmei , Yang Li , Li Ting , Gong Maoyuan , Wang Haobiao , Zhang Jun , Zhao Hui , Zou Lin , He Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in children. Despite significant advances in the treatment strategy, the long-term survival rate of NB patients is only 50%. Developing new agents for NB patients deserves attention. Recent research indicates that matrine, a natural quinolizidine alkaloid component extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora root, is widely used for various diseases, including antitumor effects against a variety of cancers. However, the effect of matrine on NB is unknown. Herein, we found that matrine exerted antiproliferative activity in human NB cells in dose- and time-dependent manner. Matrine triggered autophagy in NB cells by blocking the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and suppressing the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), a PI3K inhibitor, protected against matrine-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, further supporting that the antitumor activity of matrine was at least partly autophagy-dependent. In vivo, matrine reduced tumor growth of SK-N-DZ cells in a dose-dependent manner. Matrine treatment significantly declined the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR and enhanced the LC3 II/GAPDH ratio in NB xenografts. Altogether, our work uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying matrine-induced autophagy in NB and provided implications for matrine as a potential therapeutic agent against NB.
Beyond ‘Just Comes’ and ‘Know-It-Alls’: Exploring Strategies to Deal with Returnee Stigmas During Diaspora Return Visits for Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Mueller Charlotte , Kuschminder Katie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Drawing on in-depth interviews with 35 diaspora members on return visits for knowledge transfer as well as conversations with stakeholders in Ethiopia, Sierra Leone and Somaliland, this paper examines returnee stigma in the case of short-term return visits. The diaspora members in this study choose of their own volition to participate in the programme and are mostly highly educated with valued expertise in a certain field. We find that despite their skills, education and voluntariness, the returnees still experience and prepare for stigmatization in their return visits. We examine, first, the general stigmatizations that stakeholders perceive that diaspora members and returnees experience; second, diaspora members’ actual experiences of stigmatization, and third, the strategies used by diaspora members to prevent and counteract the stigmatization. The findings show that stigma towards the highly skilled diaspora members in return visits is rooted in the perceived inequalities among the home employees and communities of origin in comparison to these diaspora members, which are underpinned by global inequalities in terms of citizenship and access to international mobility. These findings contribute to the academic literature on return and returnee stigma by discussing return visits for knowledge transfer as a distinct type of return mobility, exploring returnee stigma in a context other than post-deportation and showing that diaspora returnees use preventive and counteractive strategies. Diaspora return programmes should include preparation and coaching of returnees on stigma to enhance their (re)integration and optimise their contribution to the development of the countries of origin.
Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures to prevent infective endocarditis: a systematic review
Authors: Bergadà-Pijuan Judith , Frank Michelle , Boroumand Sara , Hovaguimian Frédérique , Mestres Carlos A. , Bauernschmitt Robert , Carrel Thierry , Stadlinger Bernd , Ruschitzka Frank , Zinkernagel Annelies S. , Kouyos Roger D. , Hasse Barbara 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe bacterial infection. As a measure of prevention, the administration of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) prior to dental procedures was recommended in the past. However, between 2007 and 2009, guidelines for IE prophylaxis changed all around the word, limiting or supporting the complete cessation of AP. It remains unclear whether AP is effective or not against IE.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review whether the administration of AP in adults before any dental procedure, compared to the non-administration of such drugs, has an effect on the risk of developing IE. We searched for studies in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via OVID, and EMBASE. Two different authors filtered articles independently and data extraction was performed based on a pre-defined protocol.

Results
The only cohort study meeting our criteria included patients at high-risk of IE. Analysis of the extracted data showed a non-significant decrease in the risk of IE when high-risk patients take AP prior to invasive dental procedures (RR 0.39, p-value 0.11). We did not find other studies including patients at low or moderate risk of IE. Qualitative evaluation of the excluded articles reveals diversity of results and suggests that most of the state-of-the-art articles are underpowered.

Conclusions
Evidence to support or discourage the use of AP prior to dental procedures as a prevention for IE is very low. New high-quality studies are needed, even though such studies would require big settings and might not be immediately feasible.
Welding characteristics and microstructure of an industrially processed Fe-Mn-Al-Ni shape memory alloy joined by tungsten inert gas welding
Authors: Viebranz Vincent Fabian , Hassel Thomas , Niendorf Thomas , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Iron-based shape memory alloys have recently attracted increased attention due to their low material costs combined with good workability and high transformation strains. They show excellent welding properties, as shown by several studies and compared to non-iron-based shape memory alloys, and are potential candidate materials for large-scale application as damping elements in building structures. Since subsequent heat treatment is only possible to a limited extent for large-scale components, it is necessary to minimize the effects of processing and welding operations on the shape memory properties. Therefore, a suitable microstructure must be established in the heat-affected zone and the fusion zone during the welding process. Thus, industrially processed polycrystalline Fe-Mn-Al-Ni was joined by tungsten inert gas welding with matching filler material. The phases formed upon welding with different parameters were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Shielding gas composition as well as mean arc linear energy have a huge impact on the γ-phase precipitation. Intercrystalline cracking can be supressed by increasing the γ content. Further, the α-fraction and grain size in the fusion zone can be controlled by the welding parameters. Ultimately, a hardness value of the fusion zone equal to heat-treated material was achieved which suggests that the fusion zone may be able to transfer the stress required for martensitic transformation.
Resolving Mixed Intermediate Phases in Methylammonium-Free Sn–Pb Alloyed Perovskites for High-Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zhanfei , Liang Jianghu , Wang Jianli , Zheng Yiting , Wu Xueyun , Tian Congcong , Sun Anxin , Chen Zhenhua , Chen Chun-Chao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe complete elimination of methylammonium (MA) cations in Sn–Pb composites can extend their light and thermal stabilities. Unfortunately, MA-free Sn–Pb alloyed perovskite thin films suffer from wrinkled surfaces and poor crystallization, due to the coexistence of mixed intermediate phases. Here, we report an additive strategy for finely regulating the impurities in the intermediate phase of Cs0.25FA0.75Pb0.6Sn0.4I3 and, thereby, obtaining high-performance solar cells. We introduced d-homoserine lactone hydrochloride (D-HLH) to form hydrogen bonds and strong Pb–O/Sn–O bonds with perovskite precursors, thereby weakening the incomplete complexation effect between polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO) and organic (FAI) or inorganic (CsI, PbI2, and SnI2) components, and balancing their nucleation processes. This treatment completely transformed mixed intermediate phases into pure preformed perovskite nuclei prior to thermal annealing. Besides, this D-HLH substantially inhibited the oxidation of Sn2+ species. This strategy generated a record efficiency of 21.61%, with a Voc of 0.88 V for an MA-free Sn–Pb device, and an efficiency of 23.82% for its tandem device. The unencapsulated devices displayed impressive thermal stability at 85 °C for 300 h and much improved continuous operation stability at MPP for 120 h.
Modelling underground excavations in rock masses with anisotropic time-dependent behaviour
Authors: Song Fei , Rodriguez-Dono Alfonso , Sanchez Farfan Patricio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen modelling rock masses that behave anisotropically and in addition present a time dependent behaviour, it is relevant to select a constitutive model able to represent their actual behaviour realistically. This article presents an alternative anisotropic time-dependent constitutive model able to predict the coupling between anisotropic behaviour and time-dependent (or viscous) behaviour. The viscous behaviour is simulated with the Burgers model and all elastic springs and viscous dashpots are considered to exhibit transversely isotropic properties. The proposed constitutive model has been implemented in the finite element method software CODE_BRIGHT. To verify the basic anisotropic elastic solution, it has been compared with that of PLAXIS results. And to verify the isotropic viscoelastic solution, it has been compared with analytical solutions. Furthermore, the proposed constitutive model has been used to predict the behaviour of samples from laboratory tests. Finally, parametric analyses have been carried out to investigate the influence of different factors on tunnelling responses, including the selection of different constitutive models, anisotropy of initial stresses and anisotropy of material properties. The proposed model provides an alternative method for the preliminary design of geotechnical engineering works involving geomaterials that exhibit anisotropic time-dependent behaviour.Article highlights

• An anisotropic time-dependent model has been implemented in CODE_BRIGHT and validated.

• The model can predict the coupled anisotropic time-dependent behaviour of geomaterials.

• Parametric analyses have been performed to study the influence of different factors in ground response.
Predicting interest rate distributions using PCA & quantile regression
Authors: Pimentel Rita , Risstad Morten , Westgaard Sjur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is well established as a powerful statistical technique in the realm of yield curve modeling. PCA based term structure models typically provide accurate fit to observed yields and explain most of the cross-sectional variation of yields. Although principal components are building blocks of modern term structure models, the approach has been less explored for the purpose of risk modelling—such as Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall. Interest rate risk models are generally challenging to specify and estimate, due to the regime switching behavior of yields and yield volatilities. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by combining estimates of conditional principal component volatilities in a quantile regression (QREG) framework to infer distributional yield estimates. The proposed PCA-QREG model offers predictions that are of high accuracy for most maturities while retaining simplicity in application and interpretability.
Metabolic strategy of macrophages under homeostasis or immune stress in Drosophila
Authors: Luo Wang , Liu Sumin , Zhang Fang , Zhao Long , Su Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMacrophages are well known for their phagocytic functions in innate immunity across species. In mammals, they rapidly consume a large amount of energy by shifting their metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation toward aerobic glycolysis, to perform the effective bactericidal function upon infection. Meanwhile, they strive for sufficient energy resources by restricting systemic metabolism. In contrast, under nutrient deprivation, the macrophage population is down-regulated to save energy for survival. Drosophila melanogaster possesses a highly conserved and comparatively simple innate immune system. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown that Drosophila plasmatocytes, the macrophage-like blood cells, adopt comparable metabolic remodeling and signaling pathways to achieve energy reassignment when challenged by pathogens, indicating the conservation of such metabolic strategies between insects and mammals. Here, focusing on Drosophila macrophages (plasmatocytes), we review recent advances regarding their comprehensive roles in local or systemic metabolism under homeostasis or stress, emphasizing macrophages as critical players in the crosstalk between the immune system and organic metabolism from a Drosophila perspective.
Comparison of Good Clinical Practice Inspection Processes for Marketing Applications Between the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency
Authors: Ayalew Kassa , Ning Yang-Min , Foringer Michelle J. , Leibenhaut Susan , Sellers Jenn W. , Yu Bei , Kronstein Phillip D. , Higgerson Agata , Mihaescu Camelia , Rodriguez Miguel , Williams LaKisha , Khin Ni A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) began collaboration on Good Clinical Practice (GCP) inspections for marketing applications since 2009. The main characteristics of the GCP inspection processes between FDA and EMA were never evaluated. This is the first analysis comparing the GCP inspection processes between the two agencies.

Methods
We examined and analyzed the key characteristics of the GCP inspection processes, including the geographical distribution, inspection types and timelines from application submission to final inspection reporting for marketing applications from September 2009 through December 2015.

Results
Fifty-five shared applications were included for analysis. For these applications, a total of 433 GCP inspections were conducted in 47 countries. Most clinical investigator (CI) inspections were conducted in regions outside of each agency’s own regulatory jurisdiction, while most sponsor/contract research organization (CRO) inspections were conducted in the U.S. by both agencies. Twenty-eight shared applications included common sites inspected by both agencies. There were 15 joint inspections conducted for seven of these applications and the remaining applications had common sites inspected by both agencies at separate times. Of the joint inspections, 73% were conducted in the U.S and 20% in the E.U. The median time from submission of an application to generation of final inspection reports was 232 days for FDA and 204 days for EMA, with no significant differences noted among applications with and without common sites.

Conclusion
The inspection processes and timelines between the two agencies were similar, providing support for continued FDA-EMA GCP collaboration.
An Efficient Plant Disease Recognition System Using Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for Smart IoT Applications in Agriculture
Authors: Rezk Nermeen Gamal , Attia Abdel-Fattah , El-Rashidy Mohamed A. , El-Sayed Ayman , Hemdan Ezz El-Din 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn recent times, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Deep Learning Models (DLMs) can be utilized for developing smart agriculture to determine the exact location of the diseased part of the leaf on farmland in an efficient manner. There is no exception that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved the latest accomplishment in many aspects of human life and the farming sector. Semantic image segmentation is considered the main problem in computer vision. Despite tremendous progress in applications, approximately all semantic image segmentation algorithms fail to achieve sufficient hash results because of the absence of details sensitivity, problems in assessing the global similarity of image pixels, or both. Methods of post-processing improvement, as a wonderfully critical means of improving the underlying flaws mentioned above from algorithms, depend almost on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). Therefore, plant disease prediction plays important role in the premature notification of the disease to alleviate its effects on disease forecast investigation purposes in the smart farming arena. Hence, this work proposes an efficient IoT-based plant disease recognition system using semantic segmentation methods such as FCN-8 s, CED-Net, SegNet, DeepLabv3, and U-Net with the CRF method to allocate disease parts in leaf crops. Evaluation of this network and comparison with other networks of the state art. The experimental results and their comparisons proclaim over F1-score, sensitivity, and intersection over union (IoU). The proposed system with SegNet and CRFs gives high results compared with other methods. The superiority and effectiveness of the mentioned improvement method, as well as its range of implementation, are confirmed through experiments.