bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkynyl Sulfonium Salts Can Be Employed as Chalcogen‐Bonding Catalysts and Generate Alkynyl Radicals under Blue‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Lu Yu , Liu Qiang , Wang Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Xiang‐Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChalcogen bonding (ChB) has emerged as a promising tool in organic synthesis. However, compared with the well‐developed selenium‐ and tellurium‐based salt catalysts, the ChB catalysis of sulfonium salts is still unknown. Here, we report a new type of alkynyl‐sulfonium salt ChB catalysis for various ionic transformations, including transfer hydrogenation, bromination, bromolactonization, dimerization of 1,1‐diphenylethylene, nitro‐Michael addition reaction and Ritter reaction. More importantly, the photocapability of ChB was first demonstrated to generate alkynyl radicals for the synthesis of a variety of chalcogenoacetylenes. Mechanistic studies shed light on the mechanism of the photoinduced reactions and confirmed the involvement of alkynyl radicals which are difficult to generate otherwise.
Abstimmung des Hochdruckphasenverhaltens hochkomprimierbarer zeolithischer Imidazolatgerüstverbindungen: Vom diskontinuierlichen zum kontinuierlichen Porenverschluss durch Linkersubstitution
Authors: Song Jianbo , Pallach Roman , Frentzel‐Beyme Louis , Kolodzeiski Pascal , Kieslich Gregor , Vervoorts Pia , Hobday Claire L. , Henke Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDas Hochdruckverhalten von flexiblen Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) des Typs ZIF‐62 und der chemischen Zusammensetzung M(im)2−x(bim)xwird vorgestellt (M2+=Zn2+, Co2+; im−=Imidazolat; bim−=Benzimidazolat, 0.02≤x≤0.37). Mittels Hochdruck‐Pulverröntgendiffraktion wird gezeigt, dass die Materialien unter einem hydrostatischen Druck von bis zu 4000 bar reversibel von einer offenporigen (open pore,op) in eine geschlossenporige (closed pore,cp) Phase kontrahieren. Eine sukzessive Erhöhung des bim−‐Anteils (x) verstärkt das Netzwerk und führt zu einem höheren Schwellendruck für den Übergang von derop‐ zurcp‐Phase, wohingegen die Volumenkontraktion während des Übergangs abnimmt. Bemerkenswert ist, dass der typische diskontinuierliche Übergang von derop‐ zurcp‐Phase (erster Ordnung) fürx≥0.35 ein ungewöhnlicher kontinuierlicher Übergang wird (zweiter Ordnung). Dies ermöglicht eine kontinuierliche Feinabstimmung des Hohlraumvolumens und der Porengröße des Materials durch Anpassung des Drucks und eröffnet somit neue Möglichkeiten für den Einsatz von MOFs in druckschaltbaren Systemen, Membranen und Aktuatoren.
Dibenzodiazapyracylenes: Doubly N‐Doped Cyclopenta‐Fused Polycyclic Molecules That Exhibit High Carrier Mobility
Authors: Morimoto Yuki , Koo Yun Hee , Otsubo Kazuya , Kitakado Hidetsugu , Seki Shu , Osuka Atsuhiro , Tanaka Takayuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPyracylene is a unique cyclopenta‐fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (CP‐PAH) that exhibits dual aromatic characteristics. Herein we report the synthesis of doubly N‐doped benzannulated pyracylenes, namely dibenzodiazapyracylenes, by oxidative N−N linking reaction of [2.2](2,5)pyrrolophane‐type precursors. Dibenzodiazapyracylenes displayed well‐ordered π‐stacked molecular packing in the solid state, which were feasible for effective hole‐transporting along the stacking direction. High carrier mobility was estimated by microwave conductivity measurements as compared to dibenzoullazine. The high HOMO level of dibenzodiazapyracylene was verified by electrochemistry and its persistent radical cation species has been detected.
Regulating the Tip Effect on Single‐Atom and Cluster Catalysts: Forming Reversible Oxygen Species with High Efficiency in Chlorine Evolution Reaction
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Li Wen‐Hao , Xu Kaini , Tan Shengdong , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChlorine evolution reaction has been applied in the production since a century ago. After times of evolution, it has been widely realized by the electrocatalytic process on anode nowadays. However, the anode applied in production contains a large amount of precious metal, increasing the cost. It is thus an opportunity to apply sub‐nano catalysts in this field. By regulating the tip effect (TE) of the catalyst, it was discovered that the oxidized sub‐nano iridium clusters supported by titanium carbide exhibit much higher efficiency than the single‐atom one, which demonstrates the significance of modifying the electronic interaction. Moreover, it exhibits a ≈20 % decrease of the electricity, ≈98 % selectivity towards chlorine evolution reaction, and high durability of over 350 h. Therefore, this cluster catalyst performs great potential in applying in the practical production and the comprehension of the tip effect on different types of catalysts is also pushed to a higher level.
Tailoring a Near‐Infrared Macrocyclization Scaffold Allows the Control of In Situ Self‐Assembly for Photoacoustic/PET Bimodal Imaging
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Bai He , Miao Yinxing , Weng Jianhui , Huang Zheng , Fu Jiayu , Zhang Yan , Lin Jianguo , Ye Deju 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnzyme‐triggered macrocyclization and in situ self‐assembly of small molecules into nanoparticles has shown promise to design activatable probes for molecular imaging. However, controlling macrocyclization and self‐assembly to concurrently augment positron emission tomography (PET) and photoacoustic (PA) signals for bimodality imaging is challenging. Herein, we report the engineering of a triazole‐IR780 fluorophore as a versatile macrocyclization scaffold for controlling in situ self‐assembly and design a caspase‐3‐activatable PA/PET bimodal probe ([18F]‐IR780‐1) for in vivo imaging of tumor apoptosis. By leveraging the high‐sensitivity whole‐body imaging signals offered by PET with the high‐resolution imaging signals offered by PA,[18F]‐IR780‐1can provide a promising tool for the early evaluation of antitumor efficacy, helpful for optimizing the therapeutic protocol for patients. This scaffold may be adopted to design other activatable bimodal probes for in vivo imaging.
Streamline Sulfur Redox Reactions to Achieve Efficient Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lei Yaojie , Wu Can , Lu Xinxin , Hua Weibo , Li Shaobo , Liang Yaru , Liu Hanwen , Lai Wei‐Hong , Gu Qinfeng , Cai Xiaolan , Wang Nana , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Wang Guoxiu , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is vital to dynamically regulate S activity to achieve efficient and stable room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (RT/Na−S) batteries. Herein, we report using cobalt sulfide as an electron reservoir to enhance the activity of sulfur cathodes, and simultaneously combining with cobalt single atoms as double‐end binding sites for a stable S conversion process. The rationally constructed CoS2 electron reservoir enables the straight reduction of S to short‐chain sodium polysulfides (Na2S4) via a streamlined redox path through electron transfer. Meanwhile, cobalt single atoms synergistically work with the electron reservoir to reinforce the streamlined redox path, which immobilize in situ formed long‐chain products and catalyze their conversion, thus realizing high S utilization and sustainable cycling stability. The as‐developed sulfur cathodes exhibit a superior rate performance of 443 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 with a high cycling capacity retention of 80 % after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1.
Basking shark tourism in Donegal, Ireland – a case‐study of public interest and support for shark conservation
Authors: Gray Chelsea , Peters‐Burton Erin , Smith Cynthia , Parsons E.C.M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) visit the coastal waters of Ireland annually, and while protected in Northern Ireland, they are not protected by domestic legislation in Ireland. In Ireland, basking shark conservation relies heavily on publicly reported sightings to assess population size and migration patterns.
While basking shark tourism is popular in nearby Scotland, Irish tourism materials rarely feature basking sharks.
In order to determine public awareness about basking sharks, public support for basking shark conservation and interest in shark tourism, 173 residents and visitors in Buncrana, Ireland were surveyed in July 2018.
The results indicated that public knowledge of basking sharks is low, whilst support for basking shark conservation and interest in tourism are high.
Despite the fact that conservation groups rely on publicly reported sightings as a cost‐effective research tool that is important for conservation policy, only 7% of survey respondents were aware that they could report a basking shark sighting to local research organizations (Irish Whale and Dolphin Group or Irish Basking Shark Group).
Individuals who support conservation were significantly more likely to believe that others would be willing to pay to view basking sharks, indicating a link between tourism potential and support for conservation.
This study showed that there may be an untapped tourism market for basking shark viewing in Donegal as well as public support for shark conservation.
Current perspectives on naturally occurring saponins as anticancer agents
Authors: Wang Ruo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSaponins, a heterogeneous group of sterol and triterpene glycosides, are distributed widely in nature. Naturally occurring saponins could act on diverse targets in cancer cells and consequently exert potential antiproliferative effects in various cancers, including drug‐resistant forms. Therefore, naturally occurring saponins are useful templates for the discovery of novel anticancer candidates. Covering articles published between January 2020 and October 2021, this review aims to outline the recent development of naturally occurring steroidal and triterpenoidal saponins with anticancer potential to provide novel anticancer lead hits/candidates.
American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS–CoV‐2 and Hyperinflammation in Pediatric COVID‐19: Version 3
Authors: Henderson Lauren A. , Canna Scott W. , Friedman Kevin G. , Gorelik Mark , Lapidus Sivia K. , Bassiri Hamid , Behrens Edward M. , Kernan Kate F. , Schulert Grant S. , Seo Philip , Son Mary Beth F. , Tremoulet Adriana H. , VanderPluym Christina , Yeung Rae S. M. , Mudano Amy S. , Turner Amy S. , Karp David R. , Mehta Jay J. 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo provide guidance on the management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS‐C), a condition characterized by fever, inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction that manifests late in the course of SARS–CoV‐2 infection. Recommendations are also provided for children with hyperinflammation during COVID‐19, the acute, infectious phase of SARS–CoV‐2 infection.MethodsThe Task Force is composed of 9 pediatric rheumatologists and 2 adult rheumatologists, 2 pediatric cardiologists, 2 pediatric infectious disease specialists, and 1 pediatric critical care physician. Preliminary statements addressing clinical questions related to MIS‐C and hyperinflammation in COVID‐19 were developed based on evidence reports. Consensus was built through a modified Delphi process that involved anonymous voting and webinar discussion. A 9‐point scale was used to determine the appropriateness of each statement (median scores of 1–3 for inappropriate, 4–6 for uncertain, and 7–9 for appropriate). Consensus was rated as low, moderate, or high based on dispersion of the votes. Approved guidance statements were those that were classified as appropriate with moderate or high levels of consensus, which were prespecified before voting.ResultsThe guidance was approved in June 2020 and updated in November 2020 and October 2021, and consists of 41 final guidance statements accompanied by flow diagrams depicting the diagnostic pathway for MIS‐C and recommendations for initial immunomodulatory treatment of MIS‐C.ConclusionOur understanding of SARS–CoV‐2–related syndromes in the pediatric population continues to evolve. This guidance document reflects currently available evidence coupled with expert opinion, and will be revised as further evidence becomes available.
Identifying water quality variables most strongly influencing Legionella concentrations in building plumbing
Authors: Julien Ryan , Saravi Babak , Nejadhashemi Amirpouyan , Whelton Andrew J. , Aw Tiong Gim , Mitchell Jade 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOpportunistic pathogens, such as several species of Legionella, are a growing concern globally. This is especially true in building plumbing. Plumbing design guidance has not been updated to reflect changes in use, leading to increased hydraulic retention time and exacerbating pathogen risks. While the effects of several water quality variables on Legionella spp. concentrations are well‐studied at bench‐scale, little is known about the strength of, or interactions between, these relationships in full‐scale plumbing. The influence of water quality variables and water use metrics on Legionella spp. concentrations was evaluated with several statistical tools from a data‐driven perspective. The results add to the weight of evidence required to develop systematic risk management strategies like monitoring. Variables related to Legionella and logistically more feasible to measure in full scale buildings, such as dissolved oxygen, heterotrophic plate count, total organic carbon, and water age, were identified.
Growth parameter estimation and model simulation for three industrially relevant microalgae: Picochlorum, Nannochloropsis, and Neochloris
Authors: Barten Robin , Chin‐On Rocca , de Vree Jeroen , van Beersum Ellen , Wijffels Rene H. , Barbosa Maria J. , Janssen Marcel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiple models have been developed in the field to simulate growth and product accumulation of microalgal cultures. These models heavily depend on the accurate estimation of growth parameters. In this paper growth parameters are presented for three industrially relevant microalgae species: Nannochloropsis sp., Neochloris oleoabundans, and Picochlorum sp. (BPE23). Dedicated growth experiments were done in photobioreactors to determine the maximal biomass yield on light and maintenance rate, while oxygen evolution experiments were performed to estimate the maximal specific growth rate. Picochlorum sp. exhibited the highest specific growth rate of 4.98 ± 0.24 day−1 and the lowest specific maintenance rate of 0.079 day−1, whereas N. oleoabundans showed the highest biomass yield on light of 1.78 gx·molph−1. The measured growth parameters were used in a simple kinetic growth model for verification. When simulating growth under light conditions as found at Bonaire (12 °N, 68° W), Picochlorum sp. displayed the highest areal biomass productivity of 32.2 g.m−2·day−1 and photosynthetic efficiency of 2.8%. The presented growth parameters show to be accurate compared to experimental data and can be used for model calibration by scientists and industrial communities in the field.
Lobular capillary hemangioma of the conjunctiva
Authors: Suman Suwarna , Kumar Arushi , Rathod Hemant U. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report a case of lobular capillary hemangioma of the conjunctiva in a 32‐year‐old man, who had no history of eye surgery or trauma, and did not respond to topical corticosteroid therapy. He was treated successfully by surgical excision. Excisional biopsy confirms the diagnosis and rules out any malignant lesion in medically uncontrolled cases.
Efficiency of anti‐VEGF therapy in central nervous system AML relapse: A case report and literature review
Authors: Cao Han‐Yu , Tao Tao , Shen Xiang‐Dong , Bai Lian , Wan Chao‐Ling , Wu De‐Pei , Li Jin‐Li , Xue Sheng‐Li 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere have been few reports on the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse. This case study demonstrates that bevacizumab may be a viable treatment option when combined with IT chemotherapy as maintenance therapy for those with CNS leukemia.
Riparian forest productivity decline initiated by streamflow diversion then amplified by atmospheric drought 40 years later
Authors: Schook Derek M. , Friedman Jonathan M. , Hoover Jamie D. , Rice Steven E. , Thaxton Richard D. , Cooper David J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRiparian trees and their annual growth rings can be used to reconstruct drought histories related to streamflow. Because the death of individual trees reduces competition for survivors, however, tree‐ring chronologies based only on surviving trees may underestimate drought impacts. This problem can be addressed by calculating productivity at the stand scale to account for tree mortality and establishment. In the semi‐arid Great Basin in the western United States, we calculated riparian wood production from 1946 to 2016 along a stream where most flow has been removed by a diversion pipeline since 1961. The water table was found to be generally below the root zone of cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia and P. angustifolia × trichocarpa) in the pipeline‐dewatered reach but within it in reference reaches. To reconstruct forest productivity through time, we separately combined measurements of tree‐ring basal area increment with either changing forest area from aerial photos or a census of cross‐dated living and dead cottonwoods. Both approaches revealed productivity declines in the dewatered reach relative to adjacent reference reaches, and the decline accelerated in the 2000s. Tree‐ring narrowing resulted in divergence between the dewatered reach and one reference reach within 5 years after diversion. However, the dewatered reach did not diverge from the other reference reach until 40 years later, when an unprecedented early 2000s atmospheric drought coupled with diversion to cause extensive cottonwood mortality. We conclude that dendrochronological investigations of forest response to environmental stress should incorporate stand dynamics and that the full impacts of flow diversion can be delayed for decades.
Volatility spillovers: A sparse multivariate GARCH approach with an application to commodity markets
Authors: Dhaene Geert , Sercu Piet , Wu Jianbin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe propose sparse DCC‐GARCH and BEKK‐GARCH models based on regularization. We use the models to study daily return volatility and correlation spillovers for the 24 constituents of the Bloomberg commodity index in the period 2000–2018. The sparse models outperform the diagonal models out‐of‐sample in terms of model fit and other criteria. We also test whether the higher visibility of metals and energy markets compared with agricultural commodities affects the speed of information processing. We find correlation spillovers from metals and energy to agricultural commodities even though the latter tend to settle somewhat later.
Investment horizon and option market activity
Authors: Kim Da‐Hea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper uses a unique data set of institutional investors’ equity and equity option holdings to investigate how their investment horizons are associated with option trading and its information content. Firms with more short‐term investors have more active option markets relative to stock markets. Also, they have a greater proportion of option trading volume ascribed to high‐leveraged contracts. Furthermore, both abnormal option trading before earnings announcements and informativeness of option market statistics are more pronounced when short‐term investors predominate. These findings suggest that short‐term institutions trade leveraged contracts actively to exploit information, thus effecting price discovery in option markets.
Data‐driven staging of genetic frontotemporal dementia using multi‐modal MRI
Authors: McCarthy Jillian , Borroni Barbara , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Moreno Fermin , Laforce Robert , Graff Caroline , Synofzik Matthis , Galimberti Daniela , Rowe James B. , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Finger Elizabeth , Vandenberghe Rik , de Mendonça Alexandre , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Santana Isabel , Butler Chris , Gerhard Alex , Danek Adrian , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus , Frisoni Giovanni , Ghidoni Roberta , Sorbi Sandro , Jiskoot Lize C. , Seelaar Harro , van Swieten John C. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Iturria‐Medina Yasser , Ducharme Simon ,   GENetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative (GENFI)
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrontotemporal dementia in genetic forms is highly heterogeneous and begins many years to prior symptom onset, complicating disease understanding and treatment development. Unifying methods to stage the disease during both the presymptomatic and symptomatic phases are needed for the development of clinical trials outcomes. Here we used the contrastive trajectory inference (cTI), an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that analyzes temporal patterns in high‐dimensional large‐scale population datasets to obtain individual scores of disease stage. We used cross‐sectional MRI data (gray matter density, T1/T2 ratio as a proxy for myelin content, resting‐state functional amplitude, gray matter fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity) from 383 gene carriers (269 presymptomatic and 115 symptomatic) and a control group of 253 noncarriers in the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative. We compared the cTI‐obtained disease scores to the estimated years to onset (age—mean age of onset in relatives), clinical, and neuropsychological test scores. The cTI based disease scores were correlated with all clinical and neuropsychological tests (measuring behavioral symptoms, attention, memory, language, and executive functions), with the highest contribution coming from mean diffusivity. Mean cTI scores were higher in the presymptomatic carriers than controls, indicating that the method may capture subtle pre‐dementia cerebral changes, although this change was not replicated in a subset of subjects with complete data. This study provides a proof of concept that cTI can identify data‐driven disease stages in a heterogeneous sample combining different mutations and disease stages of genetic FTD using only MRI metrics.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of refractory necrotizing autoimmune myopathy
Authors: Kruse Robert L. , Albayda Jemima , Vozniak Sonja O. , Lawrence Courtney E. , Goel Ruchika , Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Ness Paul M. , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Bloch Evan M. , Crowe Elizabeth P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionNecrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is strongly associated with pathognomonic autoantibodies targeting 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) or signal recognition particle (SRP), whose levels in turn are correlated with serum creatine kinase (CK) and necrosis. Thus, NAM may be amenable to therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to remove pathogenic antibodies and improve patient symptoms.MethodsA retrospective case series and literature review of patients presenting with NAM and undergoing treatment with TPE was performed. Clinical data including patient demographics, symptoms, physical exam findings, muscle biopsy, lower extremity imaging, prior therapy, and duration from diagnosis to TPE initiation were collected retrospectively for adult patients with NAM treated with TPE after failing to respond to immunomodulatory therapy. Laboratory data including change in CK levels and myositis‐specific antibody titers from baseline were measured in some patients.ResultsSix patients (median age at diagnosis 52.5 years, interquartile range [IQR] 35.8‐64.5 years, four male/two female) underwent a median of 7.5 (IQR: 5‐10) TPE procedures with 5% albumin as replacement. All patients exhibited a statistically significant reduction in CK level from pre‐TPE baseline (range: 43.0%‐58.7% reduction). Responses in this cohort were best in patients with antibodies targeting HMGCR and SRP, which are most strongly associated with NAM. These results compare favorably to a literature review of NAM patients (n = 19) treated with TPE, who also exhibited positive clinical and laboratory responses across varying treatment lengths.ConclusionTPE can play a role in the management of NAM, particularly in patients with HMGCR or SRP antibodies who are refractory to pharmacologic immunosuppression.