bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A solid strategy to realize heteroface selective emitter and rear passivated silicon solar cells
Authors: Zou Shuai , Ye Xiaoya , Ding Jianming , Wu Chengkun , Wang Shaozhou , Scardera Giuseppe , Abbott Malcolm , Zhang Yu , Fan Ronglei , Xu Yadong , Wang Xusheng , Shen Mingrong , Su Xiaodong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPassivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) with laser‐doped selective emitter (SE) has become mainstream in the PV industry. In this work, we report a solid strategy to realize heteroface monocrystalline silicon (mono‐Si) wafers for PERC‐SE solar cells by employing alkaline polishing to form a polished surface for the rear side and well‐established metal‐catalyzed chemical etching to form a honeycomb texture for the front side in one wet process successively. The key to success lies in the fact that the two back‐to‐back wafers inserted into one slot in the cassette are tightly attached together in MCCE etching so that only the exposed surfaces are etched to form textures, while the rear polished surfaces are still retained to avoid wrap‐around etching. With the strategy, the mono‐Si PERC‐SE solar cells achieve an average efficiency of over 22.0%, no poorer than that of the reference system (traditional alkaline texturing and rear acidic polishing), and have good light trapping capability for oblique incident light. Moreover, the total Si removal in the novel process is only ~0.4 g, which is far less than that in the traditional process. More importantly, the strategy can also double the throughput of existing texturing processes and significantly reduce the amount of etching waste. Therefore, the work is expected to provide a promising way to mass produce efficient mono‐Si PERC‐SE solar cells with a superior rear surface, achieved without increasing the number of processing steps, and lower cost.
Mechanistic insights on the radical scavenging activity of oat avenanthramides
Authors: Purushothaman Aiswarya , Jishnu Gopal Puthiyottil , Janardanan Deepa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAvenanthramides, the phenolic antioxidants exclusively found in oats (Avena sativa L.), have long been recognized for their immense health benefits owing to their antioxidant potential. Herein, hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) scavenging activity of oat avenanthramides is investigated in detail, using density functional theory for the first time. Three probable mechanisms: (a) hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), (b) single electron transfer followed by proton transfer, and (c) sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), are considered towards evaluating the antioxidant potential of avenanthramides (A–C) in the gas phase as well as in both polar and non‐polar media. Based on the computed data, HAT is found to be the thermodynamically preferred mechanism for antioxidant activity in the gas phase. In the polar medium, SPLET represents the most probable reaction pathway. Our thermodynamic and kinetic data computed at the B3LYP level predict avenanthramide C, characterized by an ortho‐dihydroxy functionality on the aromatic ring, as the most potent radical scavenger among the three variants, in agreement with the available experimental reports.
The mechanisms and molecular properties about isomerization of resin acids, synthesis of acrylopimaric acid based on density functional theory calculation
Authors: Lai Wu‐Ji , Lu Jia‐Hao , Jiang Rui , Zeng Lei , Shen Li‐Qun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcrylopimaric acid is considered a possible substitute for petroleum‐based polymeric monomers. Resin acids were isomerized to form levopimaric acid(4), which reacted with acrylic acid to synthesize isomers of acrylopimaric acid. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the reaction mechanisms with seven reaction paths. In terms of dynamics, the energy barrier in the isomerization of palustric acid(2) to levopimaric acid(4) was the lowest, whereas the highest energy barrier was the isomerization of neoabietic acid(3) to levopimaric acid(4). The addition reaction of levopimaric acid(4) and acrylic acid(5) to acrylopimaric acid c(8) was the optimal reaction path dynamically. However, the energy of acrylopimaric acid c(8) was higher than that of acrylopimaric acid d(9). Highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) were analyzed for eight kinds of molecules. For acylpyimaric acid, the nonplanar six‐memed ring and the C–C double bonds were easily attacked by nucleophile, whereas the nonplanar six‐memed ring and the carboxyl group are easily reacted with electrophiles. The electrostatic surface potential were analyzed for molecules.
Specific recognition between YTHDF3 and m6A‐modified RNA: An all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Zhou Wenxue , Han Zhongjie , Wu Zhixiang , Gong Weikang , Yang Shuang , Chen Lei , Li Chunhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe YTH domain of YTHDF3 belongs to a class of protein “readers” recognizing the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification in mRNA. Although static crystal structure reveals m6A recognition by a conserved aromatic cage, the dynamic process in recognition and importance of aromatic cage residues are not completely clear. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to explore the issues and negative selectivity of YTHDF3 toward unmethylated substrate. Our results reveal that there exist conformation selectivity and induced‐fit in YTHDF3 binding with m6A‐modified RNA, where recognition loop and loop6 play important roles in the specific recognition. m6A modification enhances the stability of YTHDF3 in complex with RNA. The methyl group of m6A, like a warhead, enters into the aromatic cage of YTHDF3, where Trp492 anchors the methyl group and constraints m6A, making m6A further stabilized by π–π stacking interactions from Trp438 and Trp497. In addition, the methylation enhances the hydrophobicity of adenosine, facilitating water molecules excluded out of the aromatic cage, which is another reason for the specific recognition and stronger intermolecular interaction. Finally, the comparative analyses of hydrogen bonds and binding free energy between the methylated and unmethylated complexes reveal the physical basis for the preferred recognition of m6A‐modified RNA by YTHDF3. This study sheds light on the mechanism by which YTHDF3 specifically recognizes m6A‐modified RNA and can provide important information for structure‐based drug design.
Comparison of diagnostic criteria for significant anal sphincter defects between endoanal and transperineal ultrasound
Authors: Okeahialam N. A. , Thakar R. , Sultan A. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the agreement between three‐dimensional endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) and four‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in measuring anal sphincter defect angle.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the PERINEAL study, which evaluated the effect of perineal wound infection on anal sphincter integrity. Women were reviewed once a week, until their perineal wound had healed or for up to a maximum of 16 weeks. At each visit, both EAUS and TPUS (the latter at rest and on maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC)) were performed to evaluate the presence of external (EAS) and internal (IAS) anal sphincter defect and measure the defect size. The largest angle size of a defect at the same sphincter level was analyzed. A defect was deemed significant if it was > 30°. Kappa coefficient (κ), intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated, using EAUS as the reference standard.ResultsIn 73 women scanned at weekly intervals, a total of 250 EAUS and 250 TPUS scans were performed. An EAS defect was found in 55 (22.0%) EAUS images and 47 (18.8%) TPUS images. An IAS defect was found in 26 (10.4%) images on both modalities. There was excellent agreement (κ = 0.87) between TPUS and EAUS in diagnosing the presence of an EAS defect and perfect agreement (κ = 1.00) in diagnosing the presence of an IAS defect. TPUS performed at rest had poor and moderate agreement with EAUS in measuring EAS and IAS defect size, respectively, with respective SEMs of ± 16.1° and ± 27.9°. TPUS performed during maximum PFMC had poor and moderate agreement with EAUS in measuring EAS and IAS defect size, respectively, with respective SEMs of ± 16.5° and ± 26.4°. Based on the SEMs, if the diagnostic cut‐off of 30° for defect size on TPUS was used, an incorrect diagnosis of significant EAS defect could occur in approximately 9–36% of women and an incorrect diagnosis of a significant IAS defect could occur in approximately 4–15% of women, using EAUS as the reference.ConclusionsThis is the first study to compare directly anal sphincter defect angle measurements obtained on EAUS and TPUS. A cut‐off angle of 30° should not be used for the diagnosis of a significant residual anal sphincter defect during TPUS examination. Further research is required to determine the optimal defect cut‐off angle for TPUS. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Implementation of a targeted treatment strategy for the sustainable control of Ascaridia galli infections in laying hens
Authors: Tarbiat Behdad , Jansson Désirée Seger , Höglund Johan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAscaridia galli is a widespread problem in cage‐free egg production. Sustainable control of nematode infections is a key component in this sector. This study investigates the effect of a treatment strategy against A. galli, aiming to propose a guideline for anthelmintic use on commercial poultry farms.MethodsA total of eight flocks of laying hens (a–h) from five commercial poultry farms were included in this study. Faecal samples were collected on a biweekly basis starting at 7–13 weeks post‐placement (WPP) and processed using the McMaster method to calculate ascarid egg shedding. Flocks were treated after the threshold of 200 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) was reached.ResultsThe highest initial faecal egg count was 6700 EPG at 11 WPP, whereas the lowest was 50 at 8 WPP. The longest delay to detect A. galli was 7 weeks. The lowest and the highest number of treatments were four and six, respectively. The shortest and longest periods between any two treatments were 5 and 22 weeks, respectively.ConclusionsThese results suggest that monitoring for A. galli should start at approximately 7 WPP and should be repeated every 8 weeks until hens are 50 weeks old. Treatment should be given only if moderate to high faecal egg counts are observed. Treatments after this point may be repeated every 8 weeks without eventually performing a faecal test. These findings provide practical support to veterinarians and egg producers dealing with ascarid worm infection in laying hens in their production stage.
Protocol for Mass Propagation of Plants Using a Low-Cost Bioreactor
Authors: Abu Hassan Affrida , Noordin Norazlina , Ahmad Zaiton , Akil Mustapha , Ahmad Faiz , Ibrahim Rusli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConventional in vitro mass propagation methods are labour-intensive, costly and have a low degree of automation. Bioreactor or automated growth vessel systems using liquid media were developed to overcome these problems. The use of liquid instead of solid culture medium for plant micropropagation offers better access to medium components and scalability through automation. However, the cost of setting up a bioreactor system is one of its disadvantages as such systems are expensive with limited number of manufacturers. A low-cost bioreactor system was set up using recycled, low biodegradable plastic bottles. This low-cost bioreactor, based on temporary immersion principle, has proven to be effective as a vessel for rapid plant propagation. It is designed to reduce the production cost of plant micropropagation. This chapter explains the step-by-step methods for setting up a low-cost bioreactor for banana seedling production. This low-cost bioreactor system has the potential to be adapted for large scale in vitro cultivation of the plant seedlings.
Field Screening of Gamma-Irradiated Cavendish Bananas
Authors: Lantican Gaudencia A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn our search for Cavendish bananas to withstand Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc TR4) and other diseases, field screening of tissue-cultured Grand Nain banana seedlings derived from gamma-irradiated shoot tips was explored. Six months after irradiation and multiplication in the laboratory, the plantlets (M1V6) were individually grown in seedling bags under screen house conditions for 8 weeks, side-by-side with non-irradiated plantlets of the same clone. Once acclimatized, the banana plants were grown in an area confirmed positive of Foc TR4 (based on previous farm records stating that more than 50% of the plant population succumbed to the disease). Seedlings from each treatment (dose of radiation) were divided into four replicates, regardless of the number of plants. Each plant was given a unique identification code for traceability during disease monitoring, bunch and fruit quality evaluation.Incidences of Foc TR4, Moko disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and virus diseases were monitored weekly. Plants found positive of any disease were eradicated immediately. The plant population for the succeeding generation was managed by removing the unwanted suckers, 12 weeks from planting using a spade gouge and keeping only one sucker per plant for the next generation. Agronomic characters of each plant were taken at the flowering stage. These included age to flower, height, pseudostem circumference, number of leaves and height of the sucker. The bunch was harvested 12 weeks from flowering. The number of hands in a bunch, the number of fingers and weight of a hand were recorded. The same agronomic characters of the plant were taken for the succeeding generations.Plants left standing in the field without any disease symptoms 3 years after planting were considered as putative mutants and were selected as candidate lines for multiplication and second-generation field screening. Only healthy suckers (free from viruses) were further multiplied via tissue culture technique to reach M1V6. Clean suckers from each line free of soil debris or dirt were sent to the laboratory for multiplication. At least 1000 plantlets were produced from each line for the second-generation field screening. These were grown in two locations – with and without records of Foc TR4. Field monitoring activities including plant population management, disease incidence assessment and fruit quality evaluation were carried out following the same protocols used in the establishment of the first-generation plants. Lines with population showing ≤10% Foc TR4 after the first harvest, with good vigor, fruit quality and productivity were considered as candidates for further multiplication, farmers distribution and field planting under semi-commercial scale.
Excess costs of mental disorders by level of severity
Authors: König Hannah , König Hans-Helmut , Gallinat Jürgen , Lambert Martin , Karow Anne , Peth Judith , Schulz Holger , Konnopka Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Mental disorders are highly prevalent in Germany, and associated with decreased quality of life for those affected as well as high economic burden for the society. The purpose of this study was to determine the excess costs of mental disorders and to examine how these differ with respect to disease severity.

Methods
We analyzed mean 6-month costs using the baseline data from the RECOVER trial in Hamburg, Germany, which evaluates an innovative stepped-care model for mental disorders. Four severity levels were classified based on the current level of mental illness, loss of functioning, and psychiatric diagnosis. In this work, direct costs (outpatient, inpatient, and social/informal care) and indirect costs (sick leave, unemployment, and early retirement) were estimated using interview-based data on health care utilization and productivity losses. Excess costs were determined by matching a comparison group of the German general population without mental disorders. Group differences in sociodemographic covariates and somatic comorbidities were balanced using entropy balancing. Excess costs by severity levels were estimated using generalized linear models (GLM) with gamma distribution and log-link function.

Results
Overall, the RECOVER group included n = 816 and the comparison group included n = 3226 individuals. Mean total 6-month excess costs amounted to 19,075€, with higher indirect excess costs (13,331€) than direct excess costs (5744€) in total excess costs. The excess costs increased with increasing disease severity, ranging from 6,123€ with mild disease severity (level 1) to 31,883€ with severe mental illness (level 4). Indirect excess costs ranged from 5612€ in level 1 to 21,399€ in level 4, and were statistically significant for all disease severity levels. In contrast, direct excess costs were only statistically significant for the levels 2 to 4, and ranged from 511€ in level 1 to 10,485€ in level 4. The main cost drivers were hospital stays (level 2–4), sick leave and unemployment (all levels), and early retirement (level 3–4).

Discussion
Mental disorders are associated with high costs that increase with the level of disease severity, which was also shown for individual ICD-10 diagnosis groups. Due to their influence on costs, indirect costs and disease severity levels should be considered in future cost-of-illness studies of mental disorders.

Clinical trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov, trial registration number NCT03459664.
Digitalization and disruptive change in rheumatology
Authors: Richter Pia , Richter Jutta G. , Lieb Elke , Steimann Friedrich , Chehab Gamal , Becker Arnd , Thielscher Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Recently, many sectors have seen disruptive changes due to the rapid progress in information and communication technology (ICT). The aim of this systematic literature review was to develop a first understanding of what is known about new ICTs in rheumatology and their disruptive potential.

Methods
PubMed, LIVIVO, and EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS) databases were searched for relevant literature. Use of new ICTs was identified, categorized, and disruptive potential was discussed. Articles from 2008 to 2021 in German and English were considered.

Results
A total of 3539 articles were identified. After application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, 55 articles were included in the analyses. The majority of articles (48) used a non-experimental design or detailed expert opinion. The new ICTs mentioned in these articles could be allocated to four main categories: technologies that prepare for the development of new knowledge by data collection (n = 32); technologies that develop new knowledge by evaluation of data (e.g., by inventing better treatment; n = 11); technologies that improve communication of existing knowledge (n = 32); and technologies that improve the care process (n = 29). Further assessment classified the ICTs into different functional subcategories. Based on these categories it is possible to estimate the disruptive potential of new ICTs.

Conclusion
ICTs are becoming increasingly important in rheumatology and may impact patients’ lives and professional conduct. The properties and disruptive potential of technologies identified in the articles differ widely. When looking into ICTs, doctors have focused on new diagnostic and therapeutic procedures but rarely on their disruptive potential. We recommend putting more effort into investigation of whether ICTs change the way rheumatology is performed and who is in control of it. Especially technologies that potentially replace physicians with machines, take control over the definition of quality in medicine, and/or create proprietary knowledge that is not accessible for doctors need more research.
Occupational cold exposure in relation to incident airway symptoms in northern Sweden: a prospective population-based study
Authors: Stjernbrandt Albin , Hedman Linnea , Liljelind Ingrid , Wahlström Jens 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective
To determine if occupational exposure to cold environments is associated with incident airway symptoms in previously healthy workers.

Methods
A prospective, survey-based, closed-cohort study was conducted on a sample of 5017 men and women between 18 and 70 years of age, living in northern Sweden. Data on occupation, occupational and leisure-time cold exposure, airway symptoms, general health, and tobacco habits were collected during the winters of 2015 (baseline) and 2021 (follow-up). Stepwise multiple logistic regression was used to determine associations between baseline variables and incident airway symptoms.

Results
For individuals working at baseline, without physician-diagnosed asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reporting any occupational cold exposure was associated with incident wheeze (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.06–1.87) and incident productive cough (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.06–1.77), but not incident long-standing cough (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.74–1.29), after adjusting for age, body mass index, daily smoking, and occupational physical workload. Detailed analysis of the occupational cold exposure rating did not reveal clear exposure–response patterns for any of the outcomes.

Conclusions
Occupational cold exposure was robustly associated with incident wheeze and productive cough in previously healthy workers. This adds further support to the notion that cold air is harmful for the airways, and that a structured risk assessment regarding occupational cold exposure could be considered for inclusion in the Swedish workplace legislation. Further studies are needed to elaborate on exposure–response functions, as well as suggest thresholds for hazardous cold exposure.
The development of visuospatial abilities and their impact on laparoscopic skill acquisition: a clinical longitudinal study
Authors: Vajsbaher Tina , Schultheis Holger , Janssen Sonja , Weyhe Dirk , Bektas Hüseyin , Uslar Verena , Francis Nader 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate how visuospatial abilities develop and influence intraoperative laparoscopic performance during surgical residency training programmes.

Background
Laparoscopic surgery is a challenging technique to acquire and master. Visuospatial ability is an important attribute but most prior research have predominantly explored the influence of visuospatial abilities in lab-based settings and/or among inexperienced surgeons. Little is known about the impact of visuospatial profiles on actual laparoscopic performance and its role in shaping competency.

Method
A longitudinal observational cohort study using a pair-matched design over 27 months. At baseline, visuospatial profiles of 43 laparoscopic surgeons of all expertise levels and 19 control subjects were compared. The development of visuospatial abilities and their association with intraoperative performance of 18 residency surgeons were monitored during the course of their laparoscopic training.

Results
Laparoscopic surgeons significantly outperformed the control group on the measure of spatial visualisation (U = 273.0, p = 0.03, η2 = 0.3). Spatial visualisation was found to be a significant predictor of laparoscopic expertise (R2 = 0.70, F (1.60) = 6.788, p = 0.01) and improved with laparoscopic training (B = 4.01, SE = 1.83, p = 0.02, 95% CI [0.40, 7.63]). From month 6 to 18, a strong positive correlation between spatial visualisation and intraoperative depth perception (r = 0.67, p < 0.01), bimanual dexterity (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), autonomy (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) and the total score (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) were observed but a strong relationship remained only with autonomy (r = 0.89, p < 0.01) and total score (r = 0.80, p < 0.01) at 18 months.

Conclusion
In this longitudinal cohort study, visuospatial abilities associate with laparoscopic skills and improve with training. Spatial visualisation may be characteristic of laparoscopic expertise as it has clear association with competency development during laparoscopy residency training programme.