bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probability forecasts of ice accretion on wind turbines derived from multiphysics and neighbourhood ensembles
Authors: Strauss Lukas , Serafin Stefano , Dorninger Manfred 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study explores the potential of a multiphysics regional ensemble prediction system to improve forecasts of wind turbine icing, examining several error‐representation schemes to capture the forecasting uncertainties of the icing process. An 11‐member multiphysics ensemble based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is run for two winter periods over Europe. Regional verification of surface variables shows that parametrization diversity makes the multiphysics ensemble less underdispersive compared with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global ensemble, without deteriorating the overall forecast accuracy significantly, in particular at forecast ranges below 36 hr. Probability forecasts of active ice growth in the day‐ahead time range (12–36 hr) are derived for two wind farms on hilly terrain in Central Europe and their skill is assessed in terms of relative operating characteristics, reliability, and potential economic value (PEV). Probability forecasts enhance the maximum PEV significantly, but the improvement of the multiphysics ensemble seems modest compared with a simple neighbourhood ensemble approach. Icing forecasts are affected by a considerable degree of overconfidence, meaning that forecast probabilities cannot be used at face value, but require calibration for users to draw benefit from them. The multiphysics ensemble fares slightly better in this regard; however, results point to persistent ensemble underdispersiveness and yet underrepresented forecast uncertainty. Overall, findings show that a large portion of the gain in skill through the use of probabilistic icing forecasts is obtained with a computationally cheap neighbourhood method, a technique easily accessible to forecast users without complex ensemble prediction systems.
Cooperative multigroup multicast beamforming for cache‐enabled ultra‐dense low earth orbit satellite constellation networks
Authors: Tong Jianfei , Wang Cheng , Zhao Xiaoyan , Cui Gaofeng , Wang Weidong 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe ultra‐dense low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation (UD‐LSC) networks are expected to be incorporated in future wireless networks, particularly 6G networks, to provide global wireless access with enhanced data rates. This paper investigates the downlink multigroup multicast transmission for UD‐LSC networks, in which LEO satellites provide the multicast service for ground users with full frequency reuse. Moreover, in‐network caching, as a key enabling technology of information‐centric networking, is brought into UD‐LSC networks to achieve both bandwidths saving and delay reduction. However, the multicast capacity is constrained by the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) of bottleneck users in each multicast group. Besides, the high‐speed movement of LEO satellites makes cache placement and updating more challenging than ground networks with immobile base stations. To track these problems, we first propose a cache‐enabled multi‐satellite cooperation framework and formulate the multicast transmission problem and the content caching problem. Then, to reduce the average content delivery delay (CDD) of ground users, we propose a cooperative multicast beamforming and transmission‐aware dynamic caching (CMB‐TDC) algorithm based on the sample average approach and successive convex approximation. Simulation results show that the proposed CMB‐TDC algorithm can improve the multicast capacity, and then the average CDD is reduced for UD‐LSC networks.
The Advancement of Gas‐Generating Nanoplatforms in Biomedical Fields: Current Frontiers and Future Perspectives
Authors: Yan Jiahui , Wang Yanan , Song Xinyu , Yan Xuefeng , Zhao Yi , Yu Liangmin , He Zhiyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiverse gases (NO, CO, H2S, H2, etc.) have been widely applied in the medical intervention of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, ischemia‐reperfusion injury, bacterial infection, etc., attributing to their inherent biomedical activities. Although many gases have many biomedical activities, their clinical use is still limited due to the rapid and free diffusion behavior of these gases molecules, which may cause potential side effects and/or ineffective treatment. Gas‐generating nanoplatforms (GGNs) are effective strategies to address the aforementioned challenges of gas therapy by preventing gas production or release at nonspecific sites, enhancing GGNs accumulation at targeted sites, and controlling gas release in response to exogenous (UV, NIR, US, etc.) or endogenous (H2O2, GSH, pH, etc.) stimuli at the lesion site, further maintaining gas concentration within the effective range and achieving the purpose of disease treatment. This review comprehensively summarizes the advancements of “state‐of‐the‐art” GGNs in the recent three years, with emphasis on the composition, structure, preparation process, and gas release mechanism of the nanocarriers. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects and limitations of GGNs in preclinical studies using cell/animal models are discussed. Overall, this review enlightens the further development of this field and promotes the clinical transformation of gas therapy.
Optical Chemical Sensing of Iodide Ions: A Comprehensive Review for the Synthetic Strategies of Iodide Sensing Probes, Challenges, and Future Aspects
Authors: Mansha Muhammad , Akram Khan Safyan , Aziz Md. Abdul , Zeeshan Khan Abdul , Ali Shahid , Khan Majad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmong several anions, iodide (I−) ions play a crucial role in human biological activities. In it's molecular form (I2), iodine is utilized for several industrial applications such as syntheses of medicines, fabric dyes, food additives, solar cell electrolytes, catalysts, and agrochemicals. The excess or deficiency of I− ions in the human body and environmental samples have certain consequences. Therefore, the selective and sensitive detection of I− ions in the human body and environment is vital for monitoring their overall profile. Amongst various analytical techniques for the estimation of I− ions, optical–chemical sensing possesses the merits of high sensitivity, selectivity, and utilizing the least amount of sensing materials. The distinctive aims of this manuscript are (i) To comprehensively review the development of optical chemical sensors (fluorescent & colorimetric) reported between 2001–2021 using organic fluorescent molecules, supramolecular materials, conjugated polymers, and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). (ii) To illustrate the design and synthetic strategies to create specific binding and high affinity of I− ions which could help minimize negative consequences associated with its large size and high polarizability. (iii) The challenges associated with sensitivity and selectivity of I− ions in aqueous and real samples. The probable future aspects concerning the optical chemical detection of I− ions have also been discussed in detail.
Isoliquiritigenin ameliorates advanced glycation end‐products toxicity on renal proximal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yi , Lin Yu‐Cheng , Paul Catherine Reena , Hsieh Dennis Jine‐Yuan , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Chen Ray‐Jade , Kuo Chia‐Hua , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Lai Chin‐Hu , Shih Tzu‐Ching , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy is a serious chronic complication affecting at least 25% of diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia associated advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) increase tubular epithelial‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation (TEMT) and extracellular matrix synthesis and thereby causes renal fibrosis. The chalcone isoliquiritigenin, found in many herbs of Glycyrrhiza family, is known for potential health‐promoting effects. However, their effects on AGE‐associated renal proximal tubular fibrosis are not known yet. In this study, the effect of isoliquiritigenin on AGE‐induced renal proximal tubular fibrosis was determined in cultured HK‐2 cell line. The results show that 200 μg/mL of AGE‐induced TEMT and the formed myofibroblasts synthesized collagen to increase extracellular matrix formation thereby lead to renal tubular fibrosis. However, treatment with 200 nM of isoliquiritigenin considerably inhibited the TEMT and suppressed the TGFβ/STAT3 mechanism to inhibit collagen secretion. Therefore, isoliquiritigenin effectively suppressed AGE‐induced renal tubular fibrosis.
Removal of color and COD from textile dyeing effluent by adsorption technique using montmorillonite clay
Authors: Dasalukunte Ananda Kiran , Suresh Akshay Kumar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study involves the removal of color and COD from textile dyeing effluents using the method of adsorption. Montmorillonite clay is used as an adsorbent. The surface area of the adsorbent is increased using acid treatment techniques with Para Toluene Sulfonic Acid (PTSA) and Phenol Di‐Sulfonic Acid (PDSA) solutions. In addition, the dosage of adsorbent for maximum removal of color and COD, the effect of contact time on adsorption, and the treatment cost of montmorillonite clay with PTSA and PDSA were determined. From the results, the surface area of montmorillonite clay increased from 30 to 119 m2/g and 246 m2/g upon treating it with PTSA and PDSA solutions, respectively. Raw montmorillonite clay was able to adsorb 89% of acid dye with a dosage of 1.8 g/100 ml and 93% of basic dye with a dosage of 1.0 g/100 ml for a dye having an initial concentration of 2000 mg/L. With an increase in the surface area of modified montmorillonite clay, it was able to adsorb about 95% of acid dye with a dosage of 1.2 g/100 ml and 96% of basic dye with a dosage of 0.5 g/100 ml. Concerning Acid Blue1 dye, about 86%, 90%, and 93% of the dye were adsorbed in the initial 2 min for raw montmorillonite clay, modified montmorillonite clay treated with PTSA, and PDSA solution, respectively. In the case of Basic Yellow2 dye, about 86% of the dye was adsorbed in the initial 2 min for raw montmorillonite clay and the clay treated with PTSA solution, whereas about 96% of the dye was adsorbed onto clay treated with PDSA. Regarding Basic Violet1, about 98%, 96%, and 99% of the dye were adsorbed in the initial 2 min for raw montmorillonite clay, clay treated with PTSA, and clay treated with PDSA solution, respectively. The cost of treatment of clay with PTSA and PDSA solutions is found to be Rs. 1.70/g or 0.023 $ per gram and Rs. 6.6/g or 0.089 $ per gram of clay, respectively. Therefore, considering the cost of treatment, clay treated with PTSA is preferred over clay treated with PDSA solution.
Latex bag contrast system for the diagnosis of oesophageal and rectal strictures in two cats
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Chi , Lin Yi‐Hsuan , Hu Ji‐Yu , Yeh Lih‐Seng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA common problem we often encounter during traditional contrast radiography is that contrast media are not adequately retained in the target region, especially during oesophagography and proctography. Patients with oesophageal disorders often have dysphagia or regurgitation, which increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Stercoroma in patients with rectal disease often prevents clinicians from obtaining good‐quality proctography for diagnosis. In the present case report, we introduce a novel contrast diagnostic system that has been used to diagnose oesophageal and rectal strictures. Latex bags (commercial latex condoms) are thin with good elasticity, producing a delicate interface for contrast filling, thereby providing better image quality. The watertight design of the latex bag system facilitates the retrieval of contrast media after radiographic examination. Furthermore, it significantly decreases the risk of aspiration pneumonia during the diagnostic process.
The legacy of Jaime Lerner and Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: Bleviss Deborah L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMore than 30 years have passed since Curitiba, Brazil, and Jaime Lerner, the three‐time mayor of the city, first became famous for the innovations that were implemented there, many environmental in focus. The most famous of these was the creation of a highly used and efficient public transportation system based on buses. Many have sought to emulate elements of the innovation put in place in that city. In recent years, however, both the country and the city have been beset by political scandals, economic malaise, and social problems, which have adversely affected many of these innovations. As a result, some question whether Curitiba remains relevant today as a model for the rest of the world. This perspective will examine the legacy of Lerner and Curitiba. Focusing on the public transportation system, it will make the case that the innovative principles underlying the original design of the public transportation system remain as relevant today for Curitiba and cities globally as they were then. These principles are design of an efficient and hierarchical public transportation system that takes its users from their first mile of commute to their last mile; construction of an urban infrastructure that supports and enhances use of public transportation; establishment of an effective public–private partnership where the private sector owns, operates and upgrades the vehicles while the public sector plans and oversees the system; and creation of a metropolitan governance strategy when the needs for public transportation go beyond city borders.This article is categorized under:
Cities and Transportation > Transit Systems
Cities and Transportation > Urban Planning
Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization
Interaction between a screw dislocation and an elliptical hole or rigid inclusion by using the angular basis function
Authors: Chen Jeng‐Tzong , Lee Jia‐Wei , Kao Shing‐Kai , Tai Wei‐Chen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe complex‐valued fundamental solution ln(z) can be decomposed into the radial basis function (RBF) and the angular basis function (ABF). In this paper, not only the RBF but also the ABF are employed to solve the problem of interaction between a screw dislocation and an elliptical hole or rigid inclusion. The problem is decomposed into a free field with a screw dislocation and a boundary value problem subject to a specific boundary condition. The boundary value problem is solved by using the RBF and the boundary integral equation. Since the geometric shape is an ellipse, the degenerate kernel is expanded to a series form under the elliptic coordinates, while the unknown boundary densities are expanded to Fourier series. By combining the degenerate kernel and the null‐field integral equation, the boundary value problem can be easily solved. Finally, two examples are demonstrated to verify the validity of the present approach.
Der Realität auf die Sprünge helfen. Zum Kontingenzdilemma im Kontext von popularisierten Praktiken digitaler Selbstvermessung von Gesundheitsdaten
Authors: Achatz Johannes , Selke Stefan 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungKontingenz beschreibt was weder vollständig determiniert noch rein zufällig ist. Individuelle Kontingenz bezeichnet die Schwierigkeit, in einer sich wandelnden und technisch komplexer werdenden Welt feste Koordinaten zur Bestimmung des eigenen Handelns zu finden. Digitale Selbstvermessung dient dabei als Technik der individuellen Kontingenzreduktion. Die als feste Daten erfahrenen Ergebnisse digitaler Selbstvermessung entlasten von der Schwierigkeit der selbsttätigen Orientierung und Handlungsplanung, führen aber in ein Dilemma: Der Einsatz technisch komplexer und oft auch vernetzter digitaler Selbstvermessungsanwendungen kann individuelle Kontingenz reduzieren. Die verbreitete Anwendung unverstandener Technik führt jedoch zu einer Zunahme (überindividueller) lebensweltlicher Kontingenz – die Welt wird insgesamt technisch komplexer und undurchsichtiger. Dieses Kontingenzdilemma im Kontext von popularisierten Praktiken digitaler Selbstvermessung von Gesundheitsdaten wird einer Mehrebenen-Analyse unterzogen. Im Fokus steht die Situation vulnerabler SelbstvermesserInnen, die anhand qualitativer Einzel-, Gruppen- und ExpertInneninterviews, konventionstheoretischen Rahmenbedingungen und pragmatischer Handlungstheorie auf pathologische Effekte und mögliche Lösungswege hin untersucht werden.﻿
Picturing Food. Zum Verhältnis von situativer Health Literacy und subjektiver Selbstinszenierung auf Instagram
Authors: Reichert Ramón , Cappel Valeska , Kappler Karolin 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie globale Verbreitung sozial geteilter Bildinhalte und die konzernorientierte Ausrichtung von Online-Plattformen, Messenger-Diensten und Sozialen Medien haben den Stellenwert der Ernährungskultur weitreichend verändert. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht das Ernährungshandeln und das Ernährungsverhalten in online vernetzten Kommunikationsräumen unter anderem vor dem Hintergrund einer gesundheitssoziologischen Wissensintervention. Dabei liegt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf der Gegenüberstellung zweier Perspektiven der Bildkommunikation von Nahrungsmitteln. Aus einer medientheoretischen Perspektive bildet ein subjektorientierter Ansatz einen gängigen Ausgangspunkt, da er die Bildkommunikation von Nahrungsmitteln anhand neuer Medien, wie Instagram, untersuchen soll. Da sich in diesem Kontext allerdings zeigt, dass die situative Ausgestaltung der Bildkommunikation an Relevanz gewinnt, soll diesem Ansatz eine zweite Perspektive erweiternd gegenübergestellt werden, die beleuchtet, welche Bildkommunikation überhaupt für alle Beteiligten, warum an Relevanz gewinnen kann. Dazu soll der subjektzentrierten Perspektive die der EC gegenübergestellt werden, die von einem zugrunde liegenden Situationalismus ausgeht. Im ersten Ansatz, dem sich auch Pierre Bourdieus Habitustheorie zuordnen lässt, ist Wissen an Gruppen oder Personen gebunden. Im zweiten Ansatz der EC wird die Gültigkeit von Wissen und die Wertigkeit von Personen, Objekten und Kommunikation hingegen immer an die Situation gebunden. Ziel dieser spezifischen situations- und konventionenbezogenen Sichtweise soll es sein, die Perspektive der Medientheorie dahingehend zu erweitern, dass insbesondere auch die Pluralität der Anwendung von Medien und der Gültigkeit ihrer Inhalte situativ und bei der gleichen Person erklärt werden kann.Im Beitrag wird schließlich aufgezeigt, dass die technisch-medialen Dispositive der Online-Plattform Instagram auch dazu beitragen, dass sich Konventionen dauerhaft fixieren können. In diesem Sinne bildet das mediale Dispositiv soziale Konventionen aus, die auf situative Erfahrungen einwirken und diese prägen. Es sind nicht die situativen Erfahrungen der beteiligten Anwender, die das mediale Dispositiv individualisieren, sondern die technisch-medialen Dispositive generieren eine neue Erfahrbarkeit von situativen Erfahrungen, die als grundsätzlich medialisiert wahrgenommen werden.
Algebra of diffeomorphism-invariant observables in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Authors: Harlow Daniel , Wu Jie-qiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper we use the covariant Peierls bracket to compute the algebra of a sizable number of diffeomorphism-invariant observables in classical Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to fairly arbitrary matter. We then show that many recent results, including the construction of traversable wormholes, the existence of a family of SL(2, ℝ) algebras acting on the matter fields, and the calculation of the scrambling time, can be recast as simple consequences of this algebra. We also use it to clarify the question of when the creation of an excitation deep in the bulk increases or decreases the boundary energy, which is of crucial importance for the “typical state” versions of the firewall paradox. Unlike the “Schwarzian” or “boundary particle” formalism, our techniques involve no unphysical degrees of freedom and naturally generalize to higher dimensions. We do a few higher-dimensional calculations to illustrate this, which indicate that the results we obtain in JT gravity are fairly robust.
Novel Fusarium wilt resistance genes uncovered in natural and cultivated strawberry populations are found on three non-homoeologous chromosomes
Authors: Pincot Dominique D. A. , Feldmann Mitchell J. , Hardigan Michael A. , Vachev Mishi V. , Henry Peter M. , Gordon Thomas R. , Bjornson Marta , Rodriguez Alan , Cobo Nicolas , Famula Randi A. , Cole Glenn S. , Coaker Gitta L. , Knapp Steven J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Key Message
Several Fusarium wilt resistance genes were discovered, genetically and physically mapped, and rapidly deployed via marker-assisted selection to develop cultivars resistant toFusarium oxysporumf. sp.fragariae, a devastating soil-borne pathogen of strawberry.

Abstract
Fusarium wilt, a soilborne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, poses a significant threat to strawberry (Fragaria$$\times$$
×
ananassa) production in many parts of the world. This pathogen causes wilting, collapse, and death in susceptible genotypes. We previously identified a dominant gene (FW1) on chromosome 2B that confers resistance to race 1 of the pathogen, and hypothesized that gene-for-gene resistance to Fusarium wilt was widespread in strawberry. To explore this, a genetically diverse collection of heirloom and modern cultivars and octoploid ecotypes were screened for resistance to Fusarium wilt races 1 and 2. Here, we show that resistance to both races is widespread in natural and domesticated populations and that resistance to race 1 is conferred by partially to completely dominant alleles among loci (FW1, FW2, FW3, FW4, and FW5) found on three non-homoeologous chromosomes (1A, 2B, and 6B). The underlying genes have not yet been cloned and functionally characterized; however, plausible candidates were identified that encode pattern recognition receptors or other proteins known to confer gene-for-gene resistance in plants. High-throughput genotyping assays for SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with FW1-FW5 were developed to facilitate marker-assisted selection and accelerate the development of race 1 resistant cultivars. This study laid the foundation for identifying the genes encoded by FW1-FW5, in addition to exploring the genetics of resistance to race 2 and other races of the pathogen, as a precaution to averting a Fusarium wilt pandemic.
Confidential and legal access to abortion and contraception in the USA, 1960–2020
Authors: Myers Caitlin Knowles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn expansive empirical literature estimates the causal effects of policies governing young women’s confidential and legal access to contraception and abortion. I present a new review of changes in the historical policy environment in the USA that serve as the foundation of this literature. I consult primary sources, including annotated statutes, judicial rulings, attorney general opinions, and advisory articles in medical journals, as well as secondary sources including newspaper articles and snapshots of various policy environments prepared by scholars, advocates, and government organizations. Based on this review, I provide a suggested coding of the policy environment over the past 60 years. I also present and compare the legal coding schemes used in the empirical literature and where possible I resolve numerous and substantial discrepancies.