bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment trismus as a predictor for overall survival and disease-free survival in oral cancer
Authors: Bakshi Jaimanti , Panda Naresh Kumar , Goyal Atul Kumar , Saini Jyoti , Prashant Shivji , Aggarwal Ganesh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Trismus is the restricted mouth opening in oral cancer patients which can affect the patient’s quality of life and so the survival outcomes. Once the treatment is completed, survival outcome of the patients is considered as the major determinant of treatment success. Objectives: In present study, we aimed towards establishing the pretreatment trismus as a predictor of overall long-term survival and disease-free survival in the oral cancer patients. Methods: For this, 38 oral cancer patients with restricted mouth opening were recruited in the study. The trismus was assessed before the surgery using digital Vernier Caliper. The patients were then followed ups for survival outcomes over the period of 5 years. The survival outcomes were then correlated with the pretreatment trismus. Results: The overall long-term survival and disease-free survival was significantly higher in patients having low grade trismus. Patients with high grade of trismus experienced early treatment relapse and high mortality. Conclusions: Pretreatment trismus was found to be a potential predictor of disease-free survival and overall long-term survival in oral cancer. It is recommended that treatment protocol which could reduce the trismus should be adopted to enhance the survival outcomes of the oral cancer patients.
Protective Effects of Amoxicillin and Probiotics on Colon Disorders in an Experimental Model of Acute Diverticulitis Disease
Authors: Shawky Eman , Solaiman Maha Ghazy , Mansour Hanaa Abd-Elfattah , Hassan Wedad Abdallah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Acute diverticulitis disease is associated with inflammation and infection in the colon diverticula and may lead to severe morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effects of the antibiotic (amoxicillin) and the probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis) given concurrently in addition to amoxicillin; in a rat model of acute diverticulitis disease. Acute diverticulitis was induced, in albino rats, by adding 3% weight/volume of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), to the rats’ drinking water; daily for seven days. Furthermore, injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enema (4 mg/kg). The impact of treatment was assessed by measuring physiological and immunological parameters and evaluating colon macroscopic and microscopic lesions. The results showed that both treatments (especially probiotics with amoxicillin) alleviated the adverse effects of DSS and LPS, where the rats’ body weights and the colon weight-to-length ratio were modulated. Also, the colon macroscopic damage score was significantly (p < 0.001) decreased. The pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL)-1β, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-18 (IL)-18]; in the colon tissue, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased. Also, the elevation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and C-reactive protein (CRP) level was ameliorated. Moreover, the histopathological alterations of the colon tissue were improved. In conclusion, amoxicillin and probiotics-amoxicillin were effective in preventing the development of the experimentally induced acute diverticulitis through the anti-inflammatory and the immunomodulatory effects. Additionally, this study showed the role of probiotics in preventing DSS/LPS-induced acute diverticulitis, so it can be employed as a promising treatment option for acute diverticulitis.
Neuroendocrine tumor arising in an anterior mediastinal mature teratoma: A case report
Authors: Sato Daisuke , Izu Asami , Sakakibara Masashi , Hayashi Sohei , Kawachi Riken , Shimamura Mie , Masuda Shinobu , Sakurai Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Mature teratomas are benign germ cell tumors. However, rarely they are associated with somatic malignancies, and are termed as rare germ cell tumors with a somatic type malignancy (GCTSM). Mature teratomas commonly comprise adenocarcinomas; only seven previous cases of mature teratomas with neuroendocrine tumors have been reported thus far. We report a case of mature teratoma with a neuroendocrine tumor.Case presentation: A 26-year-old man presented with a complaint of chest tightness. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a strongly enhanced lesion within a　10-cm encapsulated cystic lesion in the anterior mediastinum. Positron emission tomography (PET) revealed no areas of significant 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) accumulation. He underwent complete tumor resection via the transsternal approach. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed a mature teratoma with a neuroendocrine tumor.Conclusions: Patients with a mature teratoma with a neuroendocrine tumor had no specific symptoms and serum markers were within the normal range. Although PET was beneficial for the diagnosis of other GCTSM, it was not useful for detecting a neuroendocrine tumor. Therefore, the preoperative diagnosis of mature teratomas with neuroendocrine tumors is difficult. However, GCTSM should be suspected in cases exhibiting CT findings of a mediastinal tumor, measuring 6 cm or greater, along with the characteristic findings of GCTSM. Moreover, surgery should be performed more carefully.
Anti-inflammatory effects of AhR agonist benvitimod in TNFα/IFNγ stimulated HaCaT cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Hu Yu-Qing , Liu Ping , Mu Zhang-lei , Zhang Jian-Zhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Benvitimod is a newly synthesized non-steroidal small molecule targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR). Clinical studies have demonstrated its efficacy for patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis(AD).
Objectives
To evaluate the therapeutic effects of benvitimod on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)/interferon γ (IFNγ) stimulated human keratinocytes (HaCaT).
Materials & Methods
PBMCs were obtained from 6 patients with AD. PBMCs and HaCaT cells were cultured and the effects of benvitimod on cell viability were evaluated. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in PBMCs and HaCaT cells was measured and the nuclear translocation of AhR in HaCaT cells was visualized. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and western-blot(WB) were performed to detect the expression of cytochrome P4501A1(CYP1A1), filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in HaCaT cells. Phosphorylation of STAT1 was determined by western-blot.
Results
Our research demonstrated that the cell proliferation of PBMCs and HaCaT cells were suppressed by benvitimod in a dose dependent manner. Benvitimod significantly suppressed TNFα/IFNγ(TI)-induced cytokine secretion and upregulated the expression of FLG and IVL in HaCaT cells. In addition, benvitimod induced the nuclear staining of AhR and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1 in HaCaT cells.
Conclusion
Benvitimod inhibited inflammatory effects in PBMCs of AD patients and underpinned the barrier-repairing effects by targeting AhR and STAT1 in TI-stimulated HaCaT cells. Benvitimod may be a potential therapeutic drug for inflammatory skin diseases such as AD.
Title: Determinants of quality of life among people with dementia: evidence from a South Asian population
Authors: Jayakody Surangi , Arambepola Carukshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Dementia has become a public health priority along with population aging worldwide. Owing to its chronic progressive nature in the absence of a cure, maintaining the best possible quality of life (QOL) has become the desired outcome for people with dementia. Aim: The current study aimed to determine the factors associated with ‘good QOL’ in people with dementia in the Sri Lankan setting.Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted to identify the factors associated with ‘good QoL. Cases in the study included dementia patients having ‘good’ QOL, whereas controls were those having ‘poor’ or ‘average’ QOL. Both cases and controls were selected from the same patient base at a premier tertiary care state hospital in Colombo District, Sri Lanka.They were identified using the validated DEMQOL tool, adhering to strict eligibility criteria. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the associated factors. Bivariate analysis followed by logistic regression modelling determined the associated factors for ‘good QOL’ adjusted for confounders using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The study sample consisted of 64 cases and 208 controls. After adjusting for confounders, education up to GCE O/Level and above (OR=4.02; 95% CI=2.97, 12.0), ever employed (OR=3.21; 95% CI=1.59, 11.06), good social functioning (OR=4.14; 95% CI=3.39, 16.46), mild functional impairment (OR=1.77; 95% CI=1.13, 9.67), little or no caregiver burden (OR=2.96; 95% CI=1.86, 10.94), absence of apathy (OR=2.22; 95% CI=1.27, 12.48) and absence of irritability (OR=2.17; 95% CI=1.72, 10.34) were found to be significantly associated with ‘good QOL’. 60% of the variance of ‘good’ QOL among patients with dementia was explained by the factors in the final model. Conclusions and Recommendations: The identified determinants of ‘good QOL’ clearly show how the QOL improvement interventions need to be planned. Accordingly, such programmes should be primarily focused on strategies to improve patients' ADL, reduce and manage neuropsychiatric symptoms effectively and to promote activities enhancing social functioning, and plan programmes to address caregiver burden.
Chemical nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)- related chemical subfamily.
Authors: Ishido Masami 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
・Using the bioassay based on rat hyperactivity, some endocrine disruptors were categorized into hyperactivity-associated group and hyperactivity-negative group. ・Two groups have differences in“Fraction sp3” (number of sp3-hybridized carbons/total carbon count) and the Tanimoto coefficient. ・A neural network model clearly classified the two groups. Random forest methods also showed the good prediction (R = 0.9, MAE (mean absolute error) = 0.06). ・Using a junction tree variational autoencoder, the core structure was interpolated between phthalate and phenol in the hyperactivity-associated group.
Revisiting trends of morphology of antennal sensilla in Scarabaeoid beetles
Authors: Pacheco Thaynara L. , Bohacz Claudia , Ballerio Alberto , Schoolmeesters Paul , Ahrens Dirk 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Phytophagous scarab beetles associated with Angiosperms have characteristically enlarged lamellate antennae and exhibit a striking morphological variation of sensilla. In this study, we compared the morphology of antennal surface of 62 species Scarabaeoidea using SEM microscopy, particularly also in light of their evolution in association with Angiosperms. We investigated the correlation of antennal sensilla morphology, i.e., their structure and distribution, with species diversity and lineage diversification rates. A high diversity of sensilla was observed but also multiple transitional forms, even on the same antennomere. We interpreted this as evidence for a high evolutionary plasticity. We recognized clear patterns of convergence and repeated evolution of certain types of placoid sensilla. One main tendency found in the phytophagous Pleurostict chafers was a shift from sensilla trichodea to placoid-like sensilla, apparently also enhanced by the increase of the lamellate antennal surface, either by size or number of the lamellae. This trend occurred not only in the Pleurosticts, but also in Glaphyridae, a second Angiosperm-associated lineage of Scarabaeoidea. However, our results suggest no direct relation between species diversity or the rate of diversification and general sensilla morphology, i.e., the origin of placoid sensilla. This could be explained by species-poor lineages also possessing placoid sensilla but also by otherwise successful and species rich groups having sensilla trichodea (e.g., dung beetles). Results further reveal the need to refine current phylogenetic hypotheses by more comprehensive taxon sampling and to expand the molecular characterization of pheromones and odor binding proteins to better understand the role of chemical communication in scarab diversification.
Elevated Serum CA724 Induced by Chemotherapy in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shaowei , Jiang Tao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We found that serum CA724 level will increase after chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. However, studies on this are lacking. This study aimed to determine whether ESCC patients develop CA724 elevations after chemotherapy and its clinical significance. Methods: All ESCC patients at our center between September 2020 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. McNemar's Chi-squared test was used to determine whether various tumor markers would elevate after chemotherapy. Associations between categorical variables were explored by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.Results: 209 cases were included into this study, 66.51% (139/209) of the patients had higher CA724 level after chemotherapy. The positive rates of CA724 before and after first cycle chemotherapy were 11.48% (24/209) and 33.01% (69/209, p<0.001), respectively, and the proportion of CA724 level conversion to positive was 24.88% (52/209). After more than 45 days after chemotherapy, CA724 level showed a downward trend, and the positive rate was drop to 17.81% (vs pre-CA724, p=0.149). 119 patients received chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and CA724 was elevated in 78 (65.55%, p=0.878) patients. 92 patients with ESCC underwent surgery after neoadjuvent chemotherapy, and no significant associations were observed between postneoadjuvant pathologic parameters and the CA724 conversion (20/92, p =0.352).Conclusion: CA724 levels were likely to increase after chemotherapy in patients with ESCC. However, this may not imply resistance to chemotherapy, and did not appear to be associated with ICIs use.
What is the impact of COVID-19 on Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in India from top fifteen Source Countries during 2019 &amp;2020- A cross sectional study
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Due to novel disease, poor management and stringent steps taken by the government as well as sudden increase in admissions at emergency department of hospitals the mortality rate had increased significantly due to COVID-19. Such a catastrophic situation might have reduced the foreign tourist arrivals in India due to several factors like fear, lack of transportation etc. In this modern era geographical knowledge of pattern of distribution of disease is essential while detecting, surveillance, monitoring and responding to any communicable infectious disease outbreak or NCD (non-communicable diseases) or any pandemic situations. Geospatial data of COVID-19 infections per million population reported by countries, territories and areas are under surveillance by national and international agencies such as World Health Organization in various countries. This paper is to find out the impact of COVID-19 on Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in India from top 15 Source Countries during 2019 &2020 with aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic era (2020 as discussed above) by comparing it with pre-pandemic era of 2019. To assess the impact of COVID-19 on Foreign Tourist Arrivals number and percentage share of tourists coming to India during pandemic era-2020 and pre-pandemic era 2019 were compared. The total numbers of FTAs in India during 2019 from all source countries were 10930355 which reduced to 2744766 during COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA in 2020; a massive decline by 8185589 numbers of tourists and 25.11percent compared to pre-pandemic era of 2019. On the other hand the total numbers of FTAs in India during 2019 from Total Top 15 Countries were 8340551 which decreased to 2061161 during COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA in 2020; a huge decline by 6279390 numbers of tourists and 24.71percent compared to pre-pandemic era of 2019 while FTAs in India during 2019 from Other Countries were 2589804 reduced to 683605 during Covid-era 2020 (26.40% decrease). Tourism is one of the significant resources to generate foreign revenue for India. COVID-19 pandemic era, have affected the tourism sector negatively and this novel research study revealed that the national and international FTAs and revenue income are adversely affected detrimental for Tourism industry. The COVID-19 induced lockdown had resulted in closure of hotels; resorts etc., as well as ships, cruises, flights had been halted to check the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted in revenue loss of 1.25 trillion rupees for the Indian tourism industry by 2020.
Caregiver Perspective on the Initial Signs and Symptoms of Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Eichler Florian , Sevin Catherine , Barth Magalie , Pang Francis , Howie Kenneth , Walz Markus , Wilds Alexandra , Calcagni Carlo , Chanson Charlotte , Campbell Laura 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), a relentlessly progressive and ultimately fatal condition, is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA). Historically management has been palliative or supportive care. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is poorly effective in early-onset MLD and benefit in late-onset MLD remains controversial. Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy was recently approved by the European Medicines Agency for early-onset MLD. Treatment benefit is mainly observed at an early disease stage, indicating the need for early diagnosis and intervention. This study contributes a caregiver perspective of initial MLD symptomatology, and thereby aims to improve communication between clinicians and families impacted by this condition and promote a faster path to diagnosis. Results: Data was collected through a moderator-assisted online 60-minute survey and 30-minute semi-structured follow-up telephone interview with 31 MLD caregivers in the United States (n=10), France (n=10), the United Kingdom (n=5), and Germany (n=6). All respondents were primary caregivers of a person with late infantile (n=20), juvenile (n=11) or borderline late infantile/juvenile (n=1) MLD (one caregiver reported for 2 children leading to a sample of 32 individuals with MLD). Caregivers were asked questions related to their child’s initial signs and symptoms, time to diagnosis and interactions with healthcare providers. These results highlight the caregiver language used to describe the most common initial symptoms, which can be summarized as coordination difficulties, clonus/tremors, and comprehension challenges in the absence of notable prior history. Distinctions between late infantile versus juvenile MLD in symptom onset and disease course were also identified. Conclusions: This study captures the caregiver language on the physical, behavioral, and cognitive signs of MLD leading up to diagnosis. The understanding of the caregiver experience at symptom onset sheds light on a critical window of often missed opportunity for earlier diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in MLD.
STUB1-SMYD2 Axis Regulated Drug Resistance in Glioma cells
Authors: Pan Kailing , Hu Bin , Wang Lude , Yuan Jianlie , Xu Wenxia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim
SMYD2 is an important epigenetic regulator that methylates histone and non-histone proteins. This study aims to investigate SMYD2 as an oncogene of gliomas and explore its degradation mechanism induced by cisplatin.
Methods
Tumor tissue microarray of 441 glioma patients was collected for SMYD2 immunohistochemistry staining. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed by using the overall survival. mRNA-sequencing analysis was detected for understanding the downstream mechanisms mediated by SMYD2. The half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of temozolomide and cisplatin in AZ505-treated and control cells were calculated. The potential E3 ubiquitin ligase of SMYD2 was predicted in UbiBrowser and confirmed by knockdown test. The effect of SMYD2 and its E3 ligase on gliomas apoptosis and migration were determined via cell-function assays.
Results
High SMYD2 expression correlated with a high WHO stage (P = 0.004) and a low survival probability (P = 0.012). The inhibition of SMYD2 suppressed the process of EMT by downregulating the expression of COL1A1. AZ505 treatment significantly increased drug sensitivity of glioma cells. And the expression of SMYD2 was markedly reduced by cisplatin treatment via STUB1 mediated degradation. The knockdown of STUB1 could partly reverse the cell function impairment induced by cisplatin.
Conclusion
These findings suggested that SMYD2 could be a potential drug target for the treatment of gliomas, and STUB1-mediated degradation of SMYD2 plays an important role in reversing chemotherapy resistance in gliomas.
Machine learning for water quality classification
Authors: Abuzir Saleh Y. , Abuzir Yousef S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the past years, there has been a lot of interest in water quality and its prediction as there are many pollutants that affect water quality. The techniques provided herein will help us in controlling and reducing the risks of water pollution. In this study, we will discuss concepts related to machine learning models and their applications for water quality classification (WQC). Three machine learning algorithms, J48, Naïve Bayes, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP), were used for WQC prediction. The dataset used contains 10 features, and in order to evaluate the machine's algorithms and their performance, some accuracy measurements were used. Our study showed that the proposed models can accurately classify water quality. By analyzing the results, it was found that the MLP algorithm achieved the highest accuracy for WQC prediction as compared to other algorithms.