bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Studies of Structural Isomers of meso‐Fused Dicarbahexaphyrins
Authors: Yadav Bharti , Ravikanth Mangalampalli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo close structurally related isomers of nonaromatic meso‐fused dicarbahexaphyrins were synthesized by condensing one equivalent of fluorene based tripyrrane with one equivalent of pentafluorobenzaldehyde in CH2Cl2 under BF3.OEt2 catalyzed conditions. The cis and trans isomers of meso‐fused dicarbahexaphyrins were separated by preparative thin‐layer chromatography and isolated pure macrocycles as green solids in 6–7% yields. NMR spectra of cis and trans isomers are quite distinct from each other and trans isomer was very symmetric and showed fewer resonances than cis isomer in NMR. The NMR study supported the nonaromatic nature of both cis and trans isomers of meso‐fused dicarbahexaphyrins. DFT optimized structures revealed that the cis isomer adopted a singly twisted puckered conformation whereas the trans isomer displayed a saddle like conformation. Both cis and trans isomers almost showed similar nonaromatic absorption features with slight differences in their peak maxima. However, the protonated derivative of cis isomer showed absorption bands in visible‐NIR region with bands extended upto 1000 nm whereas the trans isomer showed strong bands in the visible region. Both cis and trans macrocycles were easier to oxidize and reduce and TD‐DFT studies corroborated with the experimental findings.
Biegeschubtragfähigkeit zentrisch vorgespannter Stahlbetonbalken unter Gleichstreckenlast
Authors: Betschoga Christoph , Sever Yolcu , Tung Nguyen Duc , Lutz Matthias , Tue Nguyen Viet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEs wurde ein experimentelles Programm zur Untersuchung des Einflusses einer zentrischen Vorspannung auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Stahlbetonbalken ohne Querkraftbewehrung durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden zwölf vorgespannte Einfeldträger und Kragarme unter Gleichstreckenlast getestet. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, dass der Einfluss der Normalkraft bei den Kragarmen mit Gleichstreckenlast, bei denen der kritische Schubriss im Bereich hoher Momentenbeanspruchung auftritt, deutlich geringer als bei Einfeldbalken mit Gleichstreckenlast ist. Der Einfluss der Vorspannung wird somit maßgeblich durch die damit verbundene Änderung des Rissbilds und der Dehnungsebene am Querschnitt mitbestimmt. Ergänzend wurde eine umfassende nichtlineare FE‐Parameterstudie durchgeführt. Durch Kombination der experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen kann der Einfluss der Vorspannkraft auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit bei unterschiedlichen statischen Systemen und Belastungen quantifiziert werden.
Synthesis and Anti‐Oomycete Preliminary Mechanism of Sulfonate Derivatives of Ethyl Maltol
Authors: Xing Puhou , Che Zhiping , Liu Yibo , He Jiaxuan , Wei Ruxue , Chen Luyao , Zhang Song , Huang Xiaobo , Yang Yingjun , Liu Shengming , Chen Genqiang , Tian Yuee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo discover novel molecules with unique mechanism against plant pathogenic oomycetes, sixteen new sulfonate derivatives of ethyl maltol (3a–p) were synthesized by structural modification of 2‐ethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one, and their anti‐oomycete activity against a serious agricultural disease, Phytophthora capsici Leonian was determined in this study. Among all tested compounds, derivatives 3e, 3m and 3p exhibited the most potent anti‐oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC50 values of 19.40, 21.04 and 31.10 mg/L, respectively; especially 3e and 3m showed the best promising and pronounced anti‐oomycete activity than zoxamide (EC50=26.87 mg/L). The results further proved that 4‐tert‐butylphenylsulfonyl group, 3‐nitro‐4‐chlorophenylsulfonyl group and 8‐quinolinesulfonyl group introduced at the hydroxy position of ethyl maltol or maltol were necessary for obtaining the most potent compounds. Further mechanism studies of P. capsici treated with 3e demonstrated that this compound can affect the growth of mycelia by disrupting the integrity of the membrane, and the higher the concentration of the compound is, the greater the degree of membrane integrity damage. These important results will pave the way for further modification of ethyl maltol to develop potential new fungicides.
Compounds with NO Inhibitory Effect from the Rattan Stems of Sinomenium acutum, a Kind of Chinese Folk Medicine for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yu Kuo , Sun Ying , Xue Lu , He Jingtao , Li Fangyi , Yin Maojing , Li Zheng , Yan Xiaohui , Guo Jialiang , Li Guoqiang , Wang Chunhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree new alkaloids (1–3), one new diphenyl ether (4) and fifteen known alkaloids (5–19) were isolated from the rattan stems of Sinomenium acutum. Comprehensive analyses of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D (1H and 13C), 2D‐NMR (1H‐1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY), circular dichroism (CD), UV and IR revealed the structures and absolute configurations of these new compounds. The structures of other compounds were determined by comparison of their 1H and 13C‐NMR data with previous literature reports. By measuring the amount of NO produced, the anti‐inflammatory properties of the isolated compounds were studied. The results showed that compounds 4 and 5 had strong NO inhibitory activity.
From FFN Dual Probe Screening to ITO Microdevice for Exocytosis Monitoring: Electrochemical and Fluorescence Requirements**
Authors: Pandard Justine , Pan Na , Ait‐Yahiatène Eric , Grimaud Laurence , Lemaître Frédéric , Guille‐Collignon Manon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, four different new fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFN) probes were synthesized to contribute to the rationale of the FFN design. Their electroactive and spectroscopic properties were investigated. Hence, the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths (from 344 to 393 nm and 423 to 474 nm, respectively) make these probes adapted to fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, their electroactivity were demonstrated to occur at relatively low oxidation potentials for three of them (FFN132, FFN145 and FFN122: 0.26, 0.25 and 0.30 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively) and at 0.74 V vs. Ag/AgCl for FFN21 on carbon fiber electrodes. However, epifluorescence observations evidenced that the new designed FFN with the best spectroscopic and electrochemical properties (FFN122) did unfortunately not accumulate into secretory vesicles of model BON N13 cells. It thus confirms that FFN42 is currently the best “bioelectrofluorescent” compromise. This is why total internal fluorescence reflection microscopy measurements were then studied with the model FFN42 and BON N13 cells. Beyond the choice of the appropriate FFN, other analytical requirements are needed. As a consequence, the features of the transparent and conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) microdevice for coupled amperometry‐fluorescent measurements were investigated and optimized in terms of effects on the electrochemical performances and reusability. These results pave the way for future coupled investigations of exocytosis with the FFN‐ITO device association.
Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorption at a Polarized Water/1,2‐Dichloroethane Interface with No Effect on the Ion Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Trojánek Antonín , Mareček Vladimír , Samec Zdeněk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAdsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a polarized water/1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) interface is examined by measuring the dynamic interfacial tension
at various cell potentials E, BSA concentrations and pH of the aqueous phase (w). An addition of BSA to the phase (w) results in an appreciable decay of
with time in the whole potential range available, which follows an induction period at the very beginning of the
transient. An analysis of the effect of the BSA concentration on the
transients enables to establish the adsorption isotherm, and to evaluate both the maximum surface excess concentration of BSA and the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption. An increase of the potential E results in an acceleration of the adsorption, and an increase of the surface excess concentration of the positively charged BSA at pH 2, while the latter effect is absent when BSA is charged negatively at pH 7.3. It is shown that the adsorbed BSA has a negligible effect on both the interfacial capacitance of the polarized water/DCE interface and the rate constant of the interfacial transfer of the tetraethylammonium (TEA+) or Cs+ ion measured at the corresponding standard ion transfer potential.
Bienzymatic Spiky Janus Nanomotors Powered by Histamine
Authors: Fu Dongmei , Ye Yicheng , Gao Chao , Xie Dazhi , Peng Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs an important inflammatory mediator, histamine can be produced by many immune cells (mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, platelets, etc.) and modulates a variety of immune events. Developing enzymatic micro/nanomotors from the perspective of immunometabolism is required but still lacking. In this work, we functionalized the histamine‐metabolizing enzyme onto the Janus Au/mSiO2 nanoparticles. Powered by the tandem catalytic decomposition of histamine initiated by a surface‐modified diamine oxidase, this nanomotor system exhibits an enhanced diffusive motion with increasing histamine concentration. At a concentration of histamine (500 mM), the motor speed reaches 9.25±1.71 μm.s−1, which is 2.3 times that of Brownian motion, and the corresponding diffusion coefficient is enhanced by 137%. This novel enzymatic nanomotor system not only expands the physiologic enzyme library for biomedical micro/nanomotors but also provides new ideas for the immune therapy of diseases targeting histamine.
Temporal and spatial comparison of food web structure in marine pastures in the Pearl River Estuary: Implications for sustainable fisheries management
Authors: Xu Peng , Zhou Weiguo , Xie Mujiao , Ding Dewen , Suo Anning 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe biological and ecological integrity of marine ecosystems in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) has been compromised due to overfishing and water pollution. Fishing moratorium and artificial reef construction have been implemented in Wanshan and Miaowan for resource protection and restoration. Therefore, food web structure and trophic pathways of Wanshan, Miaowan, and Wailingding in different temporal and spatial situation will be determined using the Ecopath model, as well as the keystone species affecting these ecosystems, which can provide a basis for fishery management. The results showed that the energy transfer efficiency of IV and V trophic levels (TL) was higher than that of II and III‐TL before and after fishing moratorium, and the energy transfer efficiency of artificial reefs II and III‐TL was only slightly higher than that of nonartificial reefs in Wanshan. In addition, the mean values of ecosystem property indicators (consumption, respiration flow, total system throughput, and total biomass) after the fishing moratorium were significantly higher than those before the fishing moratorium. The average value of the ecosystem attribute indicators (consumption, respiration flow, total system throughput, and total biomass) of artificial reefs is lower than those of nonartificial reef areas, which may be related to the differences in community composition between artificial reefs and non‐artificial reefs. Finally, Nemipterus japonicus and Gastrophysus spadiceus are keystone species that distinguish the Wanshan and Miaowan artificial reefs from other areas. Overall, the fishing moratorium has a positive effect on the short‐term restoration of fishery resources, mainly restoring short‐life cycle organisms. However, the construction of artificial reefs will be more conducive to the persistence of ecosystem restoration. In addition, reasonable proliferation, release and fishing of N. japonicus and G. spadiceus will be beneficial to the sustainable utilization of fishery resources.
Targeted grazing and mechanical thinning enhance forest stand resilience under a narrow range of wildfire scenarios
Authors: Donovan Victoria M. , Roberts Caleb P. , Fogarty Dillon T. , Wedin David A. , Twidwell Dirac 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIncreasing wildfire activity has spurred ecological resilience‐based management that aims to reduce the vulnerability of forest stands to wildfire by reducing the probability of crown fire. Targeted grazing is increasingly being used to build forest resilience to wildfire, either on its own or in combination with treatments such as mechanical thinning; however, it is unclear how effective this method is at altering the probability of crown fire in forest stands. We use crown fire simulation models to quantify to what extent targeted grazing, mechanical thinning targeting the vertical fuel stratum, and a combination of both treatments alter eastern ponderosa pine savanna stand resilience to wildfire by modeling their relative impacts on the fuel stratum gap and subsequent crown fire occurrence under six different wildfire risk scenarios generated by altering wind and fuel moisture conditions. We then model changes in the probability of crown fire occurrence resulting from treatments across 75 field‐sampled sites in the Pine Ridge region of Nebraska relative to predicted crown fire occurrence when sites are left untreated. We find that mechanical (vertical) thinning has the potential to alter the probability of crown fire in ponderosa pine stands to a much greater extent than targeted grazing. Combining both approaches had a slightly higher probability of reducing crown fire risk across the greatest range of wildfire risk scenarios. Across 75 sample sites, targeted grazing was only predicted to prevent crown fire occurrence at two sites expected to experience crown fire under observed stand conditions across all six of our wildfire risk scenarios. In contrast, targeted grazing combined with mechanical thinning was predicted to prevent crown fire at approximately half of the sites expected to experience crown fire under observed conditions for mild and moderate wildfire risk scenarios. Thus, targeted grazing should be combined with mechanical thinning to best enhance forest resilience to wildfire. No combination of targeted grazing or mechanical thinning was able to alter the probability of crown fire under wildfire risk scenarios most conducive to wildfire, confirming that relying solely on vertical thinning and targeted grazing is unlikely to sufficiently enhance resilience of forest stands to future wildfire conditions.
Prevalence, characteristics, and mortality of patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in the Nordic countries
Authors: Lauppe Rosa , Liseth Hansen Johan , Fornwall Anna , Johansson Katarina , Rozenbaum Mark H. , Strand Anne Mette , Väkeväinen Merja , Kuusisto Johanna , Gude Einar , Smith J. Gustav , Gustafsson Finn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) is a progressive condition caused by deposition of transthyretin amyloid fibrils in the heart and is associated with poor quality of life and a shortened lifespan. This study aimed to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mortality of patients with ATTR‐CM, using multiple national health registers in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden.Methods and resultsTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy patients were identified during 2008–2018 using a combination of diagnosis codes for amyloidosis and heart disease and were matched to patients with non‐ATTR heart failure (HF). An identical study design was used in each country to facilitate comparison and aggregation of results. A total of 1930 ATTR‐CM patients were identified from national health registers in the four countries. In 2018, prevalence of ATTR‐CM per 100 000 inhabitants ranged from 1.4 in Denmark to 5.0 in Sweden; a steep increase over time was observed in Sweden and Norway. Median survival from diagnosis was 30 months for ATTR‐CM patients and 67 months for matched HF patients. Survival was significantly lower for female than for male ATTR‐CM patients (median survival: 22 and 36 months), while no significant difference was observed in the HF cohort.ConclusionsThis study provides the first nationwide estimates of the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and mortality of patients with ATTR‐CM, using identical study design across several countries. Findings corroborate previous case series showing high mortality in ATTR‐CM, two‐fold higher than for other HF patients and higher in women than men, highlighting the need for more precise and early diagnosis to reduce the disease burden.
Aberrant static and dynamic functional network connectivity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Jiang Liang , Liu Shenghua , Li Lin , Wu Wen , Ai Zhongping , Chen Huiyou , Yin Xindao , Chen Yu‐Chen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsHeart failure may lead to brain functional alterations related to cognitive impairment. This study aimed to detect alterations of static functional network connectivity (FNC) and dynamic FNC in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and to estimate the association between the altered FNC and clinical features related to HFpEF.Methods and resultsThe clinical and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of HFpEF patients (n = 35) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 35) were acquired at baseline. Resting‐state networks (RSNs) were established based on independent component analysis (ICA) and FNC analyses were performed. The associations between the FNC abnormalities and clinical features related to HFpEF were analysed. Compared with HCs, HFpEF patients showed decreased functional connectivity within the default mode network, left frontoparietal network, and right frontoparietal network and increased functional connectivity within the right frontoparietal network and visual network. Negative correlations were observed between decreased dynamic FNC and the left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVDd) (r = −0.435, P = 0.015) as well as the left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVDs) (r = −0.443, P = 0.013).ConclusionsThe FNC disruption and altered temporal properties of functional dynamics in HFpEF patients may reflect the neural mechanisms of brain injury after HFpEF, which may deepen our understanding of the disease.
Cardiac involvement in patients recovering from Delta Variant of COVID‐19: a prospective multi‐parametric MRI study
Authors: Zhang Lieguang , Wei Xiaoyu , Wang Huimin , Jiang Rui , Tan Zekun , Ouyang Jienan , Li Xiaodan , Lei Chunliang , Liu Hui , Liu Jinxin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsThe cardiac injury and sequelae of Delta Variant of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of cardiac involvement in patients recovering from Delta Variant of COVID‐19 based on multi‐parametric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods and resultsWe prospectively assessed patients recovering from Delta Variant of COVID‐19 using multi‐parametric cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between June 2021 and July 2021. Comparison was made with 25 healthy controls. Forty‐four patients (median age 51 years, 28 women) recovering from Delta Variant were recruited and had a median time of 35 days between diagnosis and cardiac MRI. There were no patients with chest pain (0/44, 0%) and high sensitivity cardiac troponin T troponin elevation (median levels 2.20 pg/mL, IQR levels 0.85–4.40 pg/mL). Regarding the cardiac imaging findings, a total of 14 (32%) patients presented cardiac tissue feature abnormalities, and a total of 9 (20%) patients had a myocarditis‐like injury based on cardiac MRI 2018 Lake Louise criteria. When we further assessed the T1 and T2 mapping values for of patients' individual, abnormal raised global native T1, T2, and extracellular volume were seen in 6 (14%), 6 (14%), and 4 (9%) patients, respectively. Comparing with controls, the patients had lower LV global longitudinal strain and (−22.2 ± 2.8% vs. −24.6 ± 2.0%, P < 0.001) and global circumferential strain (−20.7 ± 6.8% vs. −24.3 ± 2.9%, P = 0.014), but higher global native T1 (1318.8 ± 55.5 ms vs. 1282.9 ± 38.1 ms, P = 0.006). Four (9%) patients presented myocardial late gadolinium enhancement with subepicardial pattern mostly common seen, and two (5%) patients presented pericardial enhancement.ConclusionsThe cardiac MRI could detect subclinical functional and myocardial tissue characteristic abnormalities in individuals who were recovering from Delta Variant without cardiac‐related clinical findings. The native T1 mapping and strain imaging may be a sensitive tool for the noninvasive detection of a subset of patients who are at risk for cardiac sequelae and more prone to myocardial damage in survivors with Delta Variant.
X‐ray microscopy and automatic detection of defects in through silicon vias in three‐dimensional integrated circuits
Authors: Wolz Benedikt Christopher , Jaremenko Christian , Vollnhals Florian , Kling Lasse , Wrege Jan , Christiansen Silke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThrough silicon vias (TSVs) are a key enabling technology for interconnection and realization of complex three‐dimensional integrated circuit (3D‐IC) components. In order to perform failure analysis without the need of destructive sample preparation, x‐ray microscopy (XRM) is a rising method of analyzing the internal structure of samples. However, there is still a lack of evaluated scan recipes or best practices regarding XRM parameter settings for the study of TSVs in the current state of literature. There is also an increased interest in automated machine learning and deep learning approaches for qualitative and quantitative inspection processes in recent years. Especially deep learning based object detection is a well‐known methodology for fast detection and classification capable of working with large volumetric XRM datasets. Therefore, a combined XRM and deep learning object detection workflow for automatic micrometer accurate defect location on liner‐TSVs was developed throughout this work. Two measurement setups including detailed information about the used parameters for either full IC device scan or detailed TSV scan were introduced. Both are able to depict delamination defects and finer structures in TSVs with either a low or high resolution. The combination of a 0.4 objective with a beam voltage of 40 kV proved to be a good combination for achieving optimal imaging contrast for the full‐device scan. However, detailed TSV scans have demonstrated that the use of a 20 objective along with a beam voltage of 140 kV significantly improves image quality. A database with 30,000 objects was created for automated data analysis, so that a well‐established object recognition method for automated defect analysis could be integrated into the process analysis. This RetinaNet‐based object detection method achieves a very strong average precision of 0.94. It supports the detection of erroneous TSVs in both top view and side view, so that defects can be detected at different depths. Consequently, the proposed workflow can be used for failure analysis, quality control or process optimization in R&D environments.