bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Stature from Facial indices among Iranian medical students
Authors: Madadi Soheila , Tahmasebi Fatemeh , Khanehzad Maryam , Kazemzadeh Shokofeh , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Anthropometric data, particularly naso-facial dimensions, is important in sex determination, forensic medicine and plastic surgery. The aim of present study is to assess the facial indices, to classify the type of face and to determine the relation between stature and facial height and facial width among Iranian medical students.
Methods: This study was done on 200 medical students (100 males and 100 females), in the range of 18â€“30 years. Stature, facial height and facial width were measured by using a standard spreading caliper and facial index calculated for determination of facial type.
The linear regression used for examining the relationship between stature and facial length and facial width.
Results: The result of study showed that the mean and standard deviation of the facial index of males and female students were 87.53Â±8.81 and 89.25Â±10.09, respectively.
The facial index didnâ€™t have statistically significant difference between two groups (P=0.202).
According to the results, the dominant type of facial shape in male students was mesoprosopic and in female students were europrosopic.
There was a correlation between stature and facial height (r =0.27, P=0.000) and facial width (r =0.54, P=0.000).
Conclusion: The data of present study can be beneficial in face reconstruction, clinical diagnosis and forensics applications.
Nephroprotective effect of Curcumin (Curcuma Longa) in acute nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Alkuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Rasheed Huda Abdulbaki 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of curcumin in gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity. Methods: Thirty Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into three groups, Group1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water plus normal saline for 12 days. Group2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water plus gentamicin for 12 days. Group 3(n=10): Rats treated with curcumin plus Gentamicin for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and cystatin-c were measured in both control and experimental groups. Results: Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evidence by significant elevation in serum creatinine, blood urea, KIM-1, MDA, Cystatin-C sera levels. Conclusion: Curcumin produced significant nephroprotective effect in gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.
Effect of Xylitol on Salivary Streptococcus Mutans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yazdani Reza , Albujeer Ammar N. H. , Rahnama Ebrahim , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the effect of xylitol on the number of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) colonies.
Methods: An electronic search was carried out in Medline and Scopus databases for the RCTs published during 2002-2014. The inclusion criteria were evaluation of xylitol gums, having at least one control group and counting S. mutans colonies. The articles were divided into three groups based on the subjectsâ€™ age group namely 0-6, 6-18 and over 18 years. To assess the quality of RCTs, the retrieved articles were independently reviewed by two reviewers in terms of randomization and in order to prevent the effect of blinding on the results. Review Manager (RevMan) software, heterogeneity test and I2 coefficient as the quantitative scale of heterogeneity were used for statistical analysis.
Results: Primary search of the literature using keywords related to sugar alcohols. After applying the inclusion criteria, 46 articles were found in PubMed and 356 in Scopus. Heterogeneity was not found in the two age groups of 6-18 and over 18 years and the I2 coefficient in these two groups was 0%. This rate for the 0-6 year-olds was 51% (P=0.15); which indicates moderate heterogeneity. The P value was 0.25, 0.34 and 0.04 for the 6-18, 0-6 and over 18 year-olds, respectively. This value was only significant for the over 18 year-old group. Data for all groups were analyzed irrespective of age, which revealed significant differences (P=0.01).
Conclusions: The available literatures show xylitol as an alternative sweetener, could help to prevent dental caries by reducing the count of S. mutans in the saliva.
Maternal separation can affect the reproductive system by inflammasome activation in female mice
Authors: Khodamoradi Kajal , Amini-Khoei Hossein , Khosravizadeh Zahra , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate effect of maternal separation stress on the ovarian function in adult female mice.
Methods: In this study, maternal separation in pups was performed during post-natal days (PND) 2 to 14. The histological alterations in ovarian tissue, ROS production (using DCFH-DA assay), gene expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, TLR4, BAX, BCL-2 and TNFÎ± (using RT-PCR), protein levels of ATP, GPx, IL-1Î² and IL-18 (using ELISA). Also, protein expression of caspase-3 and NLRP3 (using immunocytochemistry) were evaluated.
Results: Results showed that maternal separation decreased percentage of primordial follicles while increased percentage of secondary and graafian follicles. In addition, maternal separation increased ROS production and decreased ATP and GPx concentrations. Furthermore, maternal separation significantly affected expression of cytokines and genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, TLR4, TNFÎ±, IL-1Î², IL-18 BAX and BCL2. Findings also showed that stress-induced maternal separation significantly increased percentage of caspase-3 and NLRP3 positive cells. We concluded that maternal separation stress has harmful effects on ovarian tissue.
Conclusion: It seems that these harmful effects are probably occur through increase of ROS production and impact on mitochondrial function, inflammatory process and apoptosis pathways.
Mammographic, Ultrasonographic and Pathologic Correlations of Focal Asymmetric Breast Densities among a Sample of Iraqi Women
Authors: AbdulWahid Hiba M. , Khalel Enam A. , Alwan Nada A.S. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: is to evaluate the mammographic focal asymmetric breast densities FABD in order to highlight which FABD might need further workup through detailed ultrasonographic characterization and comparison with the pathological results in indicated cases.
Methods: A cross sectional analytic study was performed in the Oncology Teaching Hospital/Medical City from March 2018 to November 2018. The study included 70 women who attended the Main Referral Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumors with focal asymmetric breast densities FABD were detected by mammography. The focal asymmetry was analyzed and the other associated findings were assessed and registered. While breast ultrasound was performed for all patients, fine needle aspiration (FNA) was carried out for cases with suspicious findings on ultrasound and any FNA suspicious or malignant lesion was subsequently biopsied and the results were recorded.
Results: mammographic FABD was found in the right breast in 37 cases (52.9%) and in the left in 33 cases (47.1%). The upper outer quadrant (UOQ) was the most common location of FABD (43 cases). In 25 cases (34.2%) with FABD, there was no abnormality found on ultrasound, but normal looking breast parenchymal tissue. Ultrasound had shown benign findings in 30 cases (44.2%). On the other hand, suspicious and/or malignant features were observed in 15 cases (22.4%) which subsequently proved to be malignant by FNA and biopsy. Architectural distortion or grouped microcalcifications and a clinically palpable FABD were associated with malignant FABD; no benign FABD revealed to be associated with these findings.
Conclusion: The finding of FABD is common on mammography and mostly represents a benign entity of normal breast parenchymal tissue. However; it may indicate an underlying hidden malignancy especially in the presence of superadded mammographic findings as ill-defined mass, architectural distortion or grouped microcalcification.
Acromegaly in Iraq: Brief Look on Epidemiology, Comorbidities and Management
Authors: Al-Yasseri Berq J. Hadi , Rahmah Abbas M. , Al-Saffar Nizar S. Shawky 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Acromegaly is a rare chronic condition in adults resulted from continuous over secretion of growth hormone (GH) and hence increased production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Pituitary adenoma is the underlying cause in vast majority of cases. This study aims to evaluate clinico-epidemiological characteristics for a group of Iraqi individuals with this disease.
Method: Case notes and files of 60 acromegalic patients attending Iraqi National Diabetes Center were reviewed during period of October through December 2017. To be included, the diagnosis of acromegaly should be confirmed by appropriate laboratory and imagining techniques. Disease control and biochemical response to management was defined by the criteria of normalized IGF-1 for age and sex (Z-score â‰¤ 2) and a mean GH value â‰¤ 2 Î¼g/l. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS program, version 20. Descriptive statistics was used; presented as frequencies and proportions, or means and standard deviations according to variable type.
Results: Patients were almost equally distributed among both sexes. Their mean age is 50.6 Â± 11.7 years. Time interval between symptoms' onset and diagnosis was nearly 10 years. Macroadenoma (> 1cm) was found in 47 (78.3%) patients. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension affected 42 (70.0%) and 37 (61.7%) individuals, respectively. For disease control, all acromegalics were put on long-acting somatostatin analogue and 21 (35.0%) of them performed hypophysectomy. In 45 (75.0%) patients, growth hormone value was dropped to â‰¤2 mg/l; and in 41 (68.3%), IGF-1 was normalized for age and sex.
Conclusion: The clinco-epidemiological characteristics of acromegaly in Iraq are comparable to that reported in other countries, although there is some delay in time of diagnosis. Associated comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension) affected large number of patients. Good proportion of study sample, nearly two-thirds, showed good metabolic response to treatment.
Diclofenac induced-acute kidney injury is linked with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory changes in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Alkuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Hussien Nawar Raad 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Diclofenac induces oxidative stress in the body and became the main cause of nephrotoxicity and acute kidney injury (AKI). The traditional markers of AKI are blood urea and serum creatinine which are regarded as low sensitive and low specific in detection the early renal damage. Therefore, the aim of present study was to evaluate oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in diclofenac induced- AKI in rats. Methods: Twenty Sprague Dawley Male rat were used and randomly divided in to 2 groups. Group1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water plus normal saline for 12 days. Group2 (n=10) : Rats treated with distilled water plus diclofenac 15mg/kg for 12 days. Rat body weight, body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated in both groups. Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) , kidney injury molecules (KIM-1) and Cystatin-c were estimated. Results: Diclofenac 15mg/kg led to significant AKI through elevation of blood urea and serum creatinine with significant reduction of eGFR. KIM-1 serum level was significantly elevated with high sensitivity and specificity compared to the other tested biomarkers. Conclusion: KIM-1 serum level is more sensitive and specific with high accuracy compared to the other renal biomarkers in diclofenac induced- AKI. Estimation of KIM-1 serum levels should be regarded as a cornerstone for early detection of AKI in high risk patients.
Advantage of day three over day two embryo transfer
Authors: Abdulkadim Hind 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study was done to compare embryo quality and pregnancy rate between day two and day three embryo transfer, the effect of extended culture on embryo development potential also analysed.
Methods: In a 18 month period extending from January 2014 to june 2015 all couples undergoing infertility treatment in the form of intracytoplasmic sperm injection whatever the cause and in whom fresh embryo transfer were done (258 cycle) were included in this prospective study. The patients classified into two groups according to the day of embryo transfer. The policy of transfer was uniform in both groups and the transfer was done according to patient criteria or the number of embryos available.
Results: the main outcome measures were embryo quality, embryo development potential and pregnancy rate. Our data suggest no significant statistical difference in pregnancy rate between day two and day three embryo transfer ( 42.9 versus 42.0% respectively P>0.05). The percentage of good quality embryos was slightly insignificantly higher in day two group than day three (86.03 vs. 84.7%, P>0.05). the percentage of slow growing embryos was significantly higher in those cultured for three days than those remain for just two days in vitro (15.9 vs. 23.3 , P<0.05) .
Conclusion: a similar pregnancy rate was obtained by doing embryo transfer on day two and day three after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in spite of slight regression in embryo quality and higher rate of developmental delay in cases of extended culture. So no advantage for day three over day two embryo transfer.
Risk factors of breast cancer among Iraqi women
Authors: Abedalrahman Sarab K. , Ali Besmah M. , Al-Khalidy Najim Abid Issa , Al-Hashimi Ali S. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Breast Cancer among Iraqi women.
Methods: A retrospective case control study, done on 147 breast cancer cases compared with 161 non- malignant cases selected randomly from women health center in Al-Elwyia maternity teaching hospital.
Results: increased risk for breast cancer significantly associated with increased age especially â‰¥ 60 years, widow or divorced women(OR 3.7, CI (1.5-8.5)), menopause ((OR 6.43, CI(3.58-11.9)),age at menarche < 12 years (OR 1.99, CI (1.04-3.8)), and use of contraceptive pills forâ‰¥ 1 year (OR 1.99, CI (1.01-3.95)).
Conclusion: positive risk factor for breast cancer was old ageâ‰¥ 60 years, widow or divorced women, menopause, age at menarche < 12 years, and use of contraceptive pills forâ‰¥ 1 year. Family history, 2nd degree relative, not associated with breast cancer. There are some discrepancies between our findings and other studies in the literature need further studies.
The Prevalence of Dental Caries among students of Dentistry Colleges in Holy Kerbala Governorate/ Iraq in 2017
Authors: Al Mousawi Ali , Al Ali Basheer , Al Mousawi Zainab 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence of dental caries and treatment conducted among undergraduate students (18-24 year) in Holy Kerbala governorate/Iraq. Additionally, the selected sample was from two Dentistry Colleges (public and private) students who will be responsible for managing public oral health services in the country.
Methods: A total number of 288 Dentistry Colleges (Holy Kerbala public Dentistry College and Ibin Hayan Private Dentistry College) students were asked through self-administered questionnaire about dental caries, filling and extracted tooth. Dental caries index was calculated by application of DMFT/DMFS index, following the criteria of the World Health Organization. Analysis depended on SPSS-23 and Amos statistical packages at a significance level of .05.
Results: The mean age of the students was 21.42Â±136 year. Females formed about two thirds of the sample (61.1%). The prevalence of dental caries was 72.9% with a mean DMFT, DMFS values 3.30 Â±SE 0.091, 4.94 Â±SE 0.161, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries reported by CDC in the USA in 2011/2012 among adolescents aged 16â€“19 (67%). The mean caries, filling and extracted tooth values were 0.597Â±.96 for extracted tooth, 1.180Â±.1.4043 for carried tooth and 1.735Â±.1.9942 filled tooth, while the mean DMF was 3.15 Â±.2.85. The proportion of students with caries, filling and extracted tooth were 46.5%, 54.07% and 31.6%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found for DMF and for each component prevalence rate between the public and private Dentistry College students, or among different genders.
Conclusion: A relatively high caries â€“ experience was present among undergraduate students in the Dentistry Colleges (public and private) in Holy Kerbala governorate indicating the need for efficient preventive programs early in school age and through university students.
Comparison between Gingival Pyogenic Granuloma and Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma by Immunohistochemical Detection of CD34 and Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin
Authors: Ablahad Aween Auda , Khleel Ameera Kamal , Almahana Jasim 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of the present research was to study the clinical and the immunohistochemical expressions of CD34 and alpha smooth muscle actin (Î±-SMA) for gingival pyogenic granuloma in comparison with peripheral giant cell granuloma.

Methods: Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of (48) gingival pyogenic granuloma and (39) peripheral giant cell granuloma were used in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis for CD34 and Î±-SMA were studied in PG and PGCG.

Results: The mean numbers of the CD34 positive micro vessels in PGs and PGCGs were 32.58Â± 17.778 and 22.4Â±11.208 respectively. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference present between them (P<0.01).The mean numbers of blood vessels with vascular surrounding cells non-reactive to Î±-SMA in PGs and PGCGs were 3.81Â± 2.228 and 10.53Â±3.432 respectively. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant differences present between them (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The mean number of CD34 positive micro vessels in PGs was significantly more than that of PGCG, but the mean number of vascular surrounding cells non-reactive to Î±-SMA was significantly less. This can add insight to the clinical behavior and might reflect the differences in pathogenesis of these lesions.
Decision support detection system for lung nodule abnormalities based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Alsallal Muna , Sharif Mhd Saeed , Hadi Bydaa , Albadry Ruwaida 
Published: March 2022

Objective Investigates the possibility of the early detection in the case of lung infection. Most cases of lung cancer are detected in advance stages as this type is hard to be detected in premature phases. The Zero-Change dataset was chosen to measure the systems' performance on nodule growth. The chosen dataset is assumed as a proven clinical dataset and was used by several researchers in their proposed systems. The designed detection technique has been considered to be used as a decision support tool. This technique is based on using two machine learning algorithms for classification purposes.
Methods Machine learning techniques was applied to detect interesting patterns and manipulate the dataset images in order to enhance the classification task. Preprocessing procedures also have been applied using different MATLAB functions. In addition two well-known techniques that related to the SVMs; the RBF kernel based support vector machines and the polynomial kernel based support vector machines have also applied using MATLABÂ© package named PRTools.
Results The performance of this paper proposed technique was evaluated based on several values of both chosen techniques. The procedure was implemented on the basis of leave-one-out-cross-validation procedure in order to generate unbiased outcomes. The results of cross validation procedure is averaged and presented as a classifier outcome. The misclassification error, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are calculated to show a clear image about the two classifiers.
Conclusion The experimental results have shown that the proposed system has scored high accuracy by Polynomial kernel SVM. A set of distinguishable representative features which are correlated together by a statistics association. Also this designed system can be considered as a benchmark for developing of other tissues abnormalities signs detection systems.
Identification of strategies for collaboration of medical librarians with family physicians in advancing the goals of the family physician program based on expertsâ€™ viewpoints
Authors: Ashrafi-rizi Hasan , Amraei Mahdi , Kargar Hossein , Ghazavi Zahra , Kazempour Zahra 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying ways of collaboration of medical librarians with family physicians in advancing the goals of the family physician program based on the views of experts.
Methods: This research was qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included experts in the fields of family physicians. Sampling method was targeted and in order to identify qualified people, snowball sampling was used as well. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview, and the researchers exploited thematic analysis in the data analysis. To determine the validity and reliability, the Lincoln and Guba method was used based on four criteria of credibility, transferability, conformability and dependability.
Results: Regarding the common areas of medical librarians and family physicians, four concepts were extracted including helping physicians in scientific and professional mastering, upgrading research methodology, upgrading information literacy, and the content of information resources for patient training. Moreover, 4 concepts were identified: appropriate policy-making, education suitability, participation in clinical research, and promotion of the quality of patient training in addition to 6 components of interaction strategies.
Conclusion: Strategies for the interaction of medical librarians with family physicians can become practical in areas such as proper policy-making, suitability of education, participation in clinical research, and the improvement of the quality of patient training.
Comparison of the effect of dexmedmotidine and ketamine on controlling pain after cesarean section via intra-peritoneal method
Authors: Kamali Alireza , Maktabi Maryam , Khademi Zoha , Fereidooni Taha 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of dexmedmotidine and ketamine on controlling pain after cesarean section via intra-peritoneal method.
Methods: In this clinical and double-blind clinical trial, patients were randomly divided into two groups (dexmedmotidine and ketamine). In the first group, 5 mg / kg ketamine and 1 mg / kg dexmedetomidine were injected in 100 mg normal saline. Pain score was measured on the basis of the visual analog pain scale during the recovery at 4, 6 and 12 hours after the surgery. The data were then analyzed by SPSS (version 20).
Results: 70 patients participated in the study. The results showed that the mean pain scores were the same in different postoperative hours in patients (Pâ‰¥0.05). The mean opioid use in the ketamine group was lower than inter-peritoneal dexmedmotidine (P = 0.03). Moreover, the mean postoperative analgesia in the ketamine group was higher than inter-peritoneal dexmedmotidine (P = 0.04).
Conclusion: According to the results, the mean opioid consumed in the ketamine group was less than inter-peritoneal dexmedmotidine. Additionally, the mean postoperative analgesia in the ketamine group was higher than that of inter-peritoneal dimethomidine. Therefore, it can be concluded that ketamine has a better effect on reducing pain after cesarean section.