bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: Lessons from a long‐term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest
Authors: Cardoso Fernanda C. G. , Capellesso Elivane S. , de Britez Ricardo Miranda , Inague Gabriel , Marques Marcia C. M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Although ecological restoration has entered the global agenda to reverse different anthropogenic disturbances, we still know little about how this solution interacts with other conservation strategies, to avoid the progressive loss of species and ecosystem services.

Here we evaluate one of the pioneering restoration programs in the southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where the combination of conservation and restoration efforts has been carried out for 20 years. Specifically, we tested how landscape characteristics, restoration strategies and environmental characteristics affect the results of the restoration of pastures.

We established 65 circular plots (total 4.0 ha) along restoration areas (3–10 years) and sampled trees and shrubs composing the canopy (DBH ≥ 5 cm) and understorey (DBH < 5 cm, height > 1.3 m). We analysed the landscape metrics (proportion of old‐growth forests in 200, 500 and 1,000 m buffers around each plot; and area and distance of the nearest‐neighbouring old‐growth forests). We explored the multiple effects of landscape, restoration strategy (reforestation, natural regeneration) and environmental variables (soil, pasture grass types) on the species composition and multiple diversity metrics of restoration areas.

The species composition was very similar among restoration ages and restoration strategies. We found positive and strong effects of old‐growth forest (200 m buffer) proportion on the species richness and Shannon diversity (canopy and understorey), above‐ground biomass (canopy) and functional diversity (understorey) of restoration areas. The restoration strategies affected forest structure, and, in general, the reforestation strategy increased above‐ground biomass, Shannon, functional and phylogenetic diversities (in canopy), and percentage of endemic species and biomass (understorey), when compared to natural regeneration.

The 20‐year experience in the southern Atlantic Forest showed that programs focused on landscape conservation associated with a mixture of restoration strategies (i.e. natural regeneration in larger areas and active restoration in more disturbed sites), can be an efficient strategy to ensure biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical landscapes.

Synthesis and applications. To manage degraded tropical lands and achieve global targets for biodiversity and ecosystem services, it is necessary to first ensure the conservation of natural remnants and then use multiple restoration strategies in less resilient areas.
A PadR family transcriptional repressor controls transcription of a trivalent metalloid resistance operon of Azospirillum halopraeferens strain Au 4
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wu Yi‐Fei , Tang Shi‐Tong , Chen Jian , Rosen Barry P. , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMethylarsenite [MAs(III)] is a highly toxic arsenical produced by some microbes as an antibiotic. In this study, we demonstrate that a PadR family transcriptional regulator, PadRars, from Azospirillum halopraeferens strain Au 4 directly binds to the promoter region of the arsenic resistance (ars) operon (consisting of padRars, arsV, and arsW) and represses transcription of arsV and arsW genes involved in MAs(III) resistance. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and transcriptional reporter assays showed that transcription of the ars operon is induced strongly by MAs(III) and less strongly by arsenite and antimonite. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays with recombinant PadRars showed that it represses transcription of the ars operon by binding to two inverted‐repeat sequences within the ars promoter. PadRars has two conserved cysteine pairs, Cys56/57 and Cys133/134; mutation of the first pair to serine abolished the transcriptional response of the ars operon to trivalent metalloids, suggesting that Cys56/57 form a binding site for trivalent metalloids. Either C133S or C134S derivative responses to MAs(III) but not As(III) or Sb(III), suggesting that it is a third ligand to trivalent metalloids. PadRars represents a new type of repressor proteins regulating transcription of an ars operon involved in the resistance to trivalent metalloids, especially MAs(III).
The Royal Commission on human relationships and Australian masculinity in the 1970s
Authors: Bell Johnny , Murphy Kate 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn 1970s Australia, a Royal Commission on Human Relationships asked people to have their say about all aspects of national life bearing upon relations between the sexes and family life. Historians have focused on the Commission's implications for women and feminist public policy in a period of profound social change. In this paper, we shift attention to the Commission's interrogation of the male role in society. We argue that the Commission broadcast and inculcated the possibility that men could change, even if the imminent revolutionising of the male role proved a bridge too far.
Can Financialization Save Nature? The Case of Endangered Species*
Authors: Arjaliès Diane‐Laure , Gibassier Delphine 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe current biodiversity loss is dramatic. Over the past 50 years, more than 68% of the mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish on Earth have disappeared, putting the planet's survival and its inhabitants—including human beings—at risk. Financialization, or the transformation of nature into financial assets, is increasingly proposed as a solution to the biodiversity crisis. Proponents of financialization believe that assigning a monetary value to nature will incentivize human beings to protect habitats and their species. This article offers a four‐mechanism model of nature's financialization, explaining why it is virtually impossible to financialize nature. We collected data through a unique two‐stage data collection process, including a single case study and additional interviews with conservationists and conservation finance specialists. We analyzed the development of a calculative device, the “Index,” designed to assess the impact of conservation efforts on the survival of endangered species. Conservationists hoped to use the Index to calculate the financial return of a conservation impact bond, a financial instrument designed to finance conservation projects. However, they did not achieve their goal. We discuss the implications for the financialization and conservation literature and the role of accounting therein. We notably question previous accounts of financialization, including the need for financial numbers or financial actors. We ultimately show that a financializationprojectcan transform practices toward financialization, even if the financializationprocessis not complete.
Nutrition‐related care needs of older patients in hospital: A qualitative multimethod study
Authors: Brunner Silvia , Mayer Hanna , Blum Karin , Breidert Matthias , Dietrich Michael , Dahl Enrico , Müller Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the nutrition‐related care needs of older patients in hospitals.MethodsA qualitative multimethod study was performed. By purposive sampling, older patients were included for observations of the nutrition process and interviews from a perioperative unit, an internal Medicine unit, and one acute geriatric care ward of an acute care hospital. Preliminary findings were discussed, validated, and further explored in two focus group discussions with interprofessional nutritional healthcare experts.FindingsSeventeen women and five men with a mean age of 86 years participated in patient observations and interviews. Eight experts with at least 10 years of professional experience who were employed in this setting for 3 years or more participated in interviews. Three themes of nutrition‐related care needs were elaborated: The need to assess and address older patients’ attitudes toward life, the need for nutrition‐related education, and the need for food intake support. These care needs added to the development and validation of a new nursing diagnosis “risk for inadequate protein energy nutrition” and in consequence to develop a complex nursing intervention to optimize the nutrition of older patients.ConclusionsIt is crucial to assess and understand the patients’ attitudes toward life, which affect purposes of treatment, diet, and menu choices.Implications for nursing practiceImplementation of assessing nutrition‐related care needs of older inpatients is needed. Addressing these care needs within the Advanced Nursing Process can lead to appropriate nursing diagnoses, nursing outcomes, and interventions, which enhance person‐centered care, patients’ self‐care abilities, and consequently patients’ nutritional status.
Editorial: refractory reflux sensitivity—A place for baclofen? Authors' reply
Authors: Raymenants Karlien , Tack Jan 
Published: July 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Pauwels et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17068 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17103
Increasing rates of venous thromboembolism among hospitalised patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Faye Adam S. , Lee Kate E. , Dodson John , Chodosh Joshua , Hudesman David , Remzi Feza , Wright Jason D. , Friedman Alexander M. , Shaukat Aasma , Wen Timothy 
Published: July 2022

SummaryBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, data on national trends remain limited.AimsTo assess national trends in VTE‐associated hospitalisations among patients with IBD as well as risk factors for, and mortality associated with, these eventsMethodsUsing the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2000–2018, temporal trends in VTE were assessed using the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Regression Program with estimates presented as the average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsBetween 2000 and 2018, there were 4,859,728 hospitalisations among patients with IBD, with 128,236 (2.6%) having a VTE, and 6352 associated deaths. The rate of VTE among hospitalised patients with IBD increased from 192 to 295 cases per 10,000 hospitalisations (AAPC 2.4%, 95%CI 1.4%, 3.4%, p < 0.001), and remained significant when stratified by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease as well as by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. On multivariable analysis, increasing age, male sex, UC (aOR: 1.30, 95%CI 1.26, 1.33), identifying as non‐Hispanic Black, and chronic corticosteroid use (aOR: 1.22, 95%CI 1.16, 1.29) were associated with an increased risk of a VTE‐associated hospitalisation.ConclusionRates of VTE‐associated hospitalisations are increasing among patients with IBD. Continued efforts need to be placed on education and risk reduction.
Fill‐and‐Spill, Tilt‐and‐Repeat (FaSTaR) cycles: Stratigraphic evolution above a dynamic submarine stepped slope
Authors: Casagrande Junia , Hodgson David M. , Peakall Jeff , Benac Pedro Monteiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe classic fill‐and‐spill model is widely applied to interpret topographic controls on depositional architecture and facies distributions in slope successions with complicated topography. However, this model implies a constant topographic configuration over the lifespan of a turbidite system. In contrast, the impact on patterns of erosion and deposition above dynamic slopes whose topographic configuration varies spatially over time remains poorly investigated. Here, using high‐resolution 3D seismic reflection data and more than 100 wells from a 40 km long stepped slope system (Campos Basin, offshore Brazil), we document the evolution of a sand‐prone turbidite system active during the Oligocene–Miocene transition. This turbidite system was influenced by vertical and lateral deformation, and we propose a new stratigraphic model to explain the resultant depositional architecture. Two depocentres were identified as steps, with channels on the proximal step, and channel–lobe complexes on the distal step, bounded by sediment bypass‐dominated ramps. Lateral stepping of channels on the proximal step, and oblique stacking of the down‐dip lobe complexes, each cut by through‐going channels, indicate multiple fill‐and‐spill cycles. A persistent north‐east‐ward stepping and thickening on the steps are interpreted to reflect lateral tilting of the seafloor driven by salt tectonics. The dynamic substrate prevented the establishment of a single long‐lived conduit across the proximal step, as recorded in systems with fixed topographic configurations. The filling of through‐going channels with mud at the end of each cycle suggests waxing‐to‐waning sediment supply cycles and periods of sand starvation when the lateral tilting dominated and drove avulsion of the feeder channels towards topographic lows. This study demonstrates that subtle dynamic slope deformation punctuated by discrete sediment supply cycles results in complex stratigraphic patterns with multiple phases, and multiple entry and exit points. Repeated cycles of fill‐and‐spill, tilt‐and‐repeat are likely to be present in other stepped slope systems.
Does topical minoxidil at concentrations higher than 5% provide additional clinical benefit?
Authors: Singh Shreya , Patil Anant , Kianfar Nika , Waśkiel-Burnat Anna , Rudnicka Lidia , Sinclair Rodney , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Minoxidil solution is used for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Minoxidil 5% solution has been shown to have superior efficacy to minoxidil 2% solution, it is unknown whether concentrations of minoxidil &gt; 5% provide additional clinical benefit. We performed a review of the literature to examine the evidence on the efficacy and safety of higher concentrations of minoxidil in AGA. A search of the PubMed database was performed using the keywords ‘minoxidil’, ‘androgenic alopecia’ and ‘pattern hair loss’. Relevant articles, including clinical trials, other clinical studies, case series and case reports published in English were considered for review. In addition, relevant references from the bibliography section of the retrieved articles were also reviewed.
‘COVID taught me…’: Examining child‐radio productions in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brownell Cassie J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFramed by critical literacies, the author adapted ethnographic methods to virtual spaces to examine radio as an alternative way to enhance adult understanding of children's COVID‐19 experiences. Drawing on a subset of child‐produced radio segments from March 2021, she foregrounds how children in an extracurricular program strategically used radio to share their pandemic experiences with their community. Supplemented by 5 months of virtual observations, she identified how child‐DJs used radio to share how—through the COVID‐19 pandemic—they cared about and for their community. Ultimately, she argues radio is one tool for coming to know children as community change agents.
Epidermal growth factor induces a trophectoderm lineage transcriptome resembling that of human embryos during reconstruction of blastoids from extended pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhang Yingying , An Chenrui , Yu Yanhong , Lin Jiajing , Jin Long , Li Chaohui , Tan Tao , Yu Yang , Fan Yong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to optimize the human extended pluripotent stem cell (EPSC) to trophectoderm (TE)‐like cell induction with addition of EGF and improve the quality of the reconstructing blastoids.Materials and MethodsTE‐like cells were differentiated from human EPSCs. RNA‐seq data analysis was performed to compare with TE‐like cells from multiple human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and embryos. A small‐scale compound selection was performed for optimizing the TE‐like cell induction and the efficiency was characterized using TE‐lineage markers expression by immunofluorescence stanning. Blastoids were generated by using the optimized TE‐like cells and the undifferentiated human EPSCs through three‐dimensional culture system. Single‐cell RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the lineage segregation of the optimized blastoids to human blastocysts.ResultsTE‐like cells derived from human EPSCs exhibited similar transcriptome with TE cells from embryos. Additionally, TE‐like cells from multiple naive hPSCs exhibited heterogeneous gene expression patterns and signalling pathways because of the incomplete silencing of naive‐specific genes and loss of imprinting. Furthermore, with the addition of EGF, TE‐like cells derived from human EPSCs enhanced the TE lineage‐related signalling pathways and exhibited more similar transcriptome to human embryos. Through resembling with undifferentiated human EPSCs, we elevated the quality and efficiency of reconstructing blastoids and separated more lineage cells with precise temporal and spatial expression, especially the PE lineage.ConclusionAddition of EGF enhanced TE lineage differentiation and human blastoids reconstruction. The optimized blastoids could be used as a blastocyst model for simulating early embryonic development.
Systems thinking to operationalize knowledge‐to‐action in fish and wildlife agencies
Authors: Flamm Richard Owen , Braunsberger Karin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper incorporates systems thinking in the design of a knowledge networked systems model (KNSM) for supporting knowledge‐to‐action in conservation organizations. It assumes that organizations are complex entities with properties that should be considered normatively. The synthesis of these properties into a KNSM revolves around the most common question many conservation practitioners are asked by the public: how is X doing? X typically reflects a concept easily grasped by the public such as a species or ecosystem. To operationalize a KNSM, one should consider that (1) information, not authority, empowers the network, (2) structural or bureaucratic impediments to maximizing utility of knowledge are minimized, (3) interacting agents direct the flow of information and knowledge and guide agency outputs, (4) boundaries between offices, programs, departments, and organizations are treated as porous, (5) transparency is fundamental to successful model operation, (6), most conservation problems are spatial, and (7) ecological and knowledge hierarchies organize the network. Benefits of this approach include facilitating research outcomes that support management decisions, a tool for strategic planning and implementation, greater transparency and operational clarity, foundation for team building, means for identifying knowledge gaps, a platform for organizational in‐reach and public outreach, facilitated communication in general, and an important tool for collaborative conservation decision making. An example using a hypothetical listed species is presented to illustrate how a KNSM can be designed and implemented.
Pityriasis rosea in der Schwangerschaft: Eine Fallserie und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Wenger‐Oehn Lena , Graier Thomas , Ambros‐ Rudolph Christina , Müllegger Robert , Bittighofer Christina , Wolf Peter , Hofer Angelika 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungPityriasis rosea (PR), eine häufige Hauterkrankung bei jungen Erwachsenen, kann den Verlauf der Schwangerschaft und das ungeborene Kind nachteilig beeinträchtigen.Patienten und MethodikSechsundvierzig schwangere Frauen mit PR, die zwischen 2003 und 2018 an der dermatologischen Universität vorstellig waren, wurden analysiert und die Daten mit Patientendaten aus früher veröffentlichten Studien (n = 53) verglichen, um die Inzidenz und die Risikofaktoren für einen ungünstigen Schwangerschaftsausgang nach einer PR‐Infektion zu bestimmen.ErgebnisseUngünstige Schwangerschaftsausgänge (definiert als Fehlgeburt, Frühgeburt vor der 37. Schwangerschaftswoche oder Geburtsgewicht < 2500 g) waren in unserer Studienpopulation signifikant seltener als in der gepoolten Kohorte aus zuvor veröffentlichten Studien (10,9 % gegenüber 39,6 %; P = 0,0012). Die Analyse der gepoolten Daten aus unserer und früheren Studien ergab, dass die Schwangerschaftswoche bei Beginn der PR invers mit einem ungünstigen Ausgang assoziiert war (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0,937; 95 %‐KI 0,883 bis 0,993). Darüber hinaus waren die Dauer der PR (OR = 1,432; 95 %‐KI 1,129 bis 1,827), extrakutane Manifestationen (OR = 4,112; 95 %‐KI 1,580 bis 10,23) und ein großflächiges Exanthem (OR = 5,203; 95 %‐KI 1,702 bis 14,89) direkt mit einem ungünstigen Schwangerschaftsausgang assoziiert.SchlussfolgerungIn den meisten Fällen hatte die PR keinen Einfluss auf die Schwangerschaft oder die Geburt.
The evolution of immune dysfunction in multiple myeloma
Authors: Soekojo Cinnie Yentia , Chng Wee Joo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis review discusses the role of immune dysfunction at the different stages of multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsNarrative review.ResultsMM is a complex disease and immune dysfunction has been known to play an important role in disease pathogenesis, progression, and drug resistance. MM is known to be preceded by asymptomatic precursor states and progression from the precursor states to MM is likely related to a progressive impairment of the immune system.ConclusionsAn understanding of the role of the immune system in the progression of MM is important to guide the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for this disease.
An efficient direction‐of‐arrival estimation of multipath signals with impulsive noise using satin bowerbird optimization‐based deep learning neural network
Authors: Gantayat Harikrushna , Panigrahi Trilochan , Patra Pradyumna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere exist numerous multi‐path signals with impulsive noise (IN) in a multi‐path propagation environment. The direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) is highly challenging to be assessed because of the strong IN. For various military along with civilian applications, DOA estimation has turned into a hopeful technology. But, estimating DOA for multipath signals with IN environments is extremely complicated. A desirable output is not attained by several existent techniques, namely subspace‐centric approaches, maximum likelihood techniques, along with sparse representation‐centric methods, for DOA assessment. Therefore, an effective satin bowerbird optimization‐based deep learning neural network centered DOA estimation upon single snapshots is proposed in this paper for attaining robust and precise DOA estimation in multipath and IN environments. An arbitrary array configuration is employed by utilizing the proposed work as an input signal for establishing the received signal's model. Pre‐processing, time‐frequency domain conversion, feature extraction, feature reduction and DOA estimation are the proposed method's 5 disparate stages. To evince the proposed model's efficacy, its outcomes are analogized with other prevailing techniques regarding some performance metrics. The proposed model attains the root mean square error of 0.6484366‐AZ and 0.6484366‐EA, root mean squared percentage error (RMPSE) of 4.636107‐AZ and 5.628599‐EA and probability of resolution of 0.967999‐AZ and 0.962841‐EA, which are extremely less when compared to the prevailing methods; thus, depicting the superiority of the proposed model for an effective DOA estimation.