bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmodium berghei Brca2 is required for normal development and differentiation in mice and mosquitoes
Authors: Yoshikawa Yasunaga , Kimura Shunta , Soga Akira , Sugiyama Makoto , Ueno Aki , Kondo Hiroki , Zhu Zida , Ochiai Kazuhiko , Nakayama Kazuhiko , Hakozaki Jun , Kusakisako Kodai , Haraguchi Asako , Kitano Taisuke , Orino Koichi , Fukumoto Shinya , Ikadai Hiromi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Malaria is a major global parasitic disease caused by species of the genus Plasmodium. Zygotes of Plasmodium spp. undergo meiosis and develop into tetraploid ookinetes, which differentiate into oocysts that undergo sporogony. Homologous recombination (HR) occurs during meiosis and introduces genetic variation. However, the mechanisms of HR in Plasmodium are unclear. In humans, the recombinases DNA repair protein Rad51 homolog 1 (Rad51) and DNA meiotic recombinase 1 (Dmc1) are required for HR and are regulated by breast cancer susceptibility protein 2 (BRCA2). Most eukaryotes harbor BRCA2 homologs. Nevertheless, these have not been reported for Plasmodium.

Methods
A Brca2 candidate was salvaged from a database to identify Brca2 homologs in Plasmodium. To confirm that the candidate protein was Brca2, interaction activity between Plasmodium berghei (Pb) Brca2 (PbBrca2) and Rad51 (PbRad51) was investigated using a mammalian two-hybrid assay. To elucidate the functions of PbBrca2, PbBrca2 was knocked out and parasite proliferation and differentiation were assessed in mice and mosquitoes. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify sporogony.

Results
The candidate protein was conserved among Plasmodium species, and it was indicated that it harbors critical BRCA2 domains including BRC repeats, tower, and oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding-fold domains. The P. berghei BRC repeats interacted with PbRad51. Hence, the candidate was considered a Brca2 homolog. PbBrca2 knockout parasites were associated with reduced parasitemia with increased ring stage and decreased trophozoite stage counts, gametocytemia, female gametocyte ratio, oocyst number, and ookinete development in both mice and mosquitoes. Nevertheless, the morphology of the blood stages in mice and the ookinete stage was comparable to those of the wild type parasites. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that sporogony never progressed in Brca2-knockout parasites.

Conclusions
Brca2 is implicated in nearly all Plasmodium life cycle stages, and especially in sporogony. PbBrca2 contributes to HR during meiosis.

Graphical Abstract
The role of LCN2 and LCN2-MMP9 in spondylitis radiographic development: gender and HLA-B27 status differences
Authors: Tsui Florence W. L. , Lin Aifeng , Sari Ismail , Zhang Zhenbo , Pritzker Kenneth P. H. , Tsui Hing Wo , Inman Robert D. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Male HLA-B27-positive radiographic-axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) patients are prone to have severe spinal radiographic progression, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We recently showed that persistently elevated Lipocalin 2 (LCN2; L) reflects sacroiliac joint (SIJ) inflammation. LCN2 binds to MMP9. Concomitant elevation of L and LCN2-MMP9 (LM) was detected in many inflammatory diseases. We asked whether L and LM play similar roles in r-axSpA pathogenesis.

Methods
We analyzed 190 axSpA patients (123 radiographic and 67 non-radiographic axSpA) who had no detectable circulating Oncostatin M, to avoid complications due to cross-talk between pathways. L and LM levels from a single blood sample of each patient were measured and were correlated with MRI and modified stoke AS (mSASS) scoring. Association of elevated L (L+) or concurrent L+ and elevated LM (LM+) patterns with B27 status and gender were assessed.

Results
In L+LM+ axSpA patients, both L and LM levels correlated with MRI SPARCC SIJ scores, but only LM levels correlated with MRI Berlin Spine Scores, suggesting LM is a biomarker for both SIJ and spinal inflammation. Among patients with minimal spinal ankylosis (mSASSS < 10), 65% of male r-axSpA patients are L+LM+, while 30% and 64% of female patients are L+LM+ and L+, respectively, supporting the role of LM with disease progression. In B27+ L+LM+ male patients, both L and LM (but not CRP) levels correlate with mSASSS. B27 positivity and maleness have additive effects on spondylitis progression, suggesting concurrent high L and LM elevations are associated with B27+ male patients having more significant radiographic damage. L+ B27-negative male patients or L+ female patients are more likely to have milder disease.

Conclusion
L and LM are informative biomarkers for SIJ and spinal inflammation, as well as for ankylosing development in r-axSpA patients. Distinctive L+LM+ or L+ patterns not only could distinguish clinically aggressive vs milder course of disease, respectively, but also provide an explanation for B27-positive male patients being the most susceptible to severe ankylosis.
TCP post-radioembolization and TCP post-EBRT in HCC are similar and can be predicted using the in vitro radiosensitivity
Authors: d’Abadie Philippe , Walrand Stephan , Hesse Michel , Borbath Ivan , Lhommel Renaud , Jamar François 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Tumor equivalent uniform dose (EUD) is proposed as a predictor of patient outcome after liver radioembolization (RE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and can be evaluated with 90Y-TOF-PET. The aim is to evaluate the correlation between PET-based tumors EUD and the clinical response evaluated with dual molecular tracer (11C-acetate and 18F-FDG) PET/CT post-RE.

Methods
34 HCC tumors in 22 patients were prospectively evaluated. The metabolic response was characterized by the total lesion metabolism variation (ΔTLM) between baseline and follow-up. This response allowed to compute a tumor control probability (TCP) as a function of the tumor EUD.

Results
The absorbed dose response correlation was highly significant (R = 0.72, P < 0.001). With an absorbed dose threshold of 40 Gy, the metabolic response was strongly different in both groups (median response 35% versus 100%, P < 0.001). Post-RE TCP as a function of the EUD was very similar to that observed in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), with TCP values equal to 0.5 and 0.95 for a EUD of 51 Gy and 100 Gy, respectively. The TCP was perfectly predicted by the Poisson model assuming an inter tumor radiosensitivity variation of 30% around the HCC cell in vitro value.

Conclusions
EUD-based 90Y TOF-PET/CT predicts the metabolic response post-RE in HCC assessed using dual molecular PET tracers and provides a similar TCP curve to that observed in EBRT. In vivo and in vitro HCC radiosensitivities are similar. Both TCPs show that a EUD of 100 Gy is needed to control HCC for the three devices (resin spheres, glass spheres, EBRT). Observed absorbed doses achieving this 100 Gy-EUD ranged from 190 to 1800 Gy!
Bacillus licheniformis PF9 improves barrier function and alleviates inflammatory responses against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 infection in the porcine intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Li Qiao , Li Linyan , Chen Yanhong , Yu Changning , Azevedo Paula , Gong Joshua , Yang Chengbo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 commonly colonizes the small intestine and releases enterotoxins that impair the intestinal barrier function and trigger inflammatory responses. Although Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) has been reported to enhance intestinal health, it remains to be seen whether there is a functional role of B. licheniformis in intestinal inflammatory response in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) when stimulated with ETEC F4.

Methods
In the present study, the effects of B. licheniformis PF9 on the release of pro-inflammation cytokines, cell integrity and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were evaluated in ETEC F4-induced IPEC-J2 cells.

Results
B. licheniformis PF9 treatment was capable of remarkably attenuating the expression levels of inflammation cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 during ETEC F4 infection. Furthermore, the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated upstream related genes of NF-κB signaling pathway has been significantly inhibited. These changes were accompanied by significantly decreased phosphorylation of p65 NF-κB during ETEC F4 infection with B. licheniformis PF9 treatment. The immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis revealed that B. licheniformis PF9 increased the expression levels of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OCLN) in ETEC F4-infected IPEC-J2 cells. Meanwhile, the B. licheniformis PF9 could alleviate the injury of epithelial barrier function assessed by the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell permeability assay. Interestingly, B. licheniformis PF9 protect IPEC-J2 cells against ETEC F4 infection by decreasing the gene expressions of virulence-related factors (including luxS, estA, estB, and elt) in ETEC F4.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results suggest that B. licheniformis PF9 might reduce inflammation-related cytokines through blocking the NF-κB signaling pathways. Besides, B. licheniformis PF9 displayed a significant role in the enhancement of IPEC-J2 cell integrity.
Transplantation of bacteriophages from ulcerative colitis patients shifts the gut bacteriome and exacerbates the severity of DSS colitis
Authors: Sinha Anshul , Li Yue , Mirzaei Mohammadali Khan , Shamash Michael , Samadfam Rana , King Irah L. , Maurice Corinne F. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are characterized by chronic and debilitating gut inflammation. Altered bacterial communities of the intestine are strongly associated with IBD initiation and progression. The gut virome, which is primarily composed of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages), is thought to be an important factor regulating and shaping microbial communities in the gut. While alterations in the gut virome have been observed in IBD patients, the contribution of these viruses to alterations in the bacterial community and heightened inflammatory responses associated with IBD patients remains largely unknown.

Results
Here, we performed in vivo microbial cross-infection experiments to follow the effects of fecal virus-like particles (VLPs) isolated from UC patients and healthy controls on bacterial diversity and severity of experimental colitis in human microbiota-associated (HMA) mice. Shotgun metagenomics confirmed that several phages were transferred to HMA mice, resulting in treatment-specific alterations in the gut virome. VLPs from healthy and UC patients also shifted gut bacterial diversity of these mice, an effect that was amplified during experimental colitis. VLPs isolated from UC patients specifically altered the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa previously implicated in IBD progression. Additionally, UC VLP administration heightened colitis severity in HMA mice, as indicated by shortened colon length and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Importantly, this effect was dependent on intact VLPs.

Conclusions
Our findings build on recent literature indicating that phages are dynamic regulators of bacterial communities in the gut and implicate the intestinal virome in modulating intestinal inflammation and disease.
Axillary lymphangioma that developed following COVID-19 vaccination: a case report
Authors: Sasa Soichiro , Inoue Hiroaki , Inui Tomohiro , Miyamoto Naoki , Aoyama Mariko , Okumura Kazumasa , Toba Hiroaki , Yoshida Takahiro , Tezuka Miki , Hirose Chieko , Saijo Yasuyo , Uehara Hisanori , Izumori Ayumi , Takahashi Masako , Sasa Mitsunori , Takizawa Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Extensive vaccination programs are being implemented worldwide for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With the spread of vaccination, swelling of the lymph nodes after vaccination is frequently seen. We encountered a patient who developed left axillary lymphadenoma following vaccine administration.

Case presentation
The patient was a Japanese woman in her 80 s who had previously undergone surgery for right breast cancer. She received two injections of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in her left arm. Approximately 3 months later, she complained of left axillary swelling, and imaging resulted in a diagnosis of left axillary lymphangioma. In accordance with the patient’s wishes, we performed axillary mass resection. The pathological diagnosis was lymphangioma.

Conclusion
Our examination findings indicated that congestion of the axillary lymph vessels might have been caused by upper-arm injections of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Time to readmission and associated factors after post treatment discharge of severe acute malnourished under-five children in Pawe General Hospital
Authors: Kebede Fassikaw 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Relapse or repeated episodes is the admission of a child with the diagnosis of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) after being discharged to a status of treated and cured from a stabilizing center. A child may experience more than one episode of SAM depending on the improvement of the underlying comorbidity. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the time to readmission of SAM and associated factors for under-five children in North West Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based retrospective cohort study was employed in 760 files of under-five children spanning from 2014/15 to 2019/20. The data extraction tool was developed from SAM treatment guidelines and medical history sheets. Epi Data version 3.2 and STATA version 14 were used for data entry and final analysis, respectively. After checking all assumptions, the multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard model was fitted to the isolated independent predictors for time to readmission. A categorical variable with p < 0.05 was considered a risk factor for the relapse of SAM.

Result
The mean (± SD) age of participant children was 27.8 (± 16.5) months with mean (± SD) time to relapse of SAM cases were 30.4(± 21.39) weeks posttreatment discharge. The overall incidence density rate of relapse was determined as 10.8% (95% CI 8.3; 12.6). The average time (± SD) for treatment recovery from the first admission of the SAM case was 28.8(± 18.7) days. Time of readmission was significantly associated with living in rural resident (AHR 5⋅3 = 95% CI, 2⋅95, 13⋅87, p = 0.021), having HIV infection (AHR6⋅8 = 95%CI; 4.1–11.9 p = 0.001), and first admission with edema (AHR = 3.5 = 95% CI; 1.92, 6.2, p = 0.018).

Conclusion
Nearly one in every ten severely acute malnourished under-five children relapsed within a mean time to relapse 30.4(± 21.39) weeks posttreatment discharge. Time to relapse was significantly associated with being a rural resident for children, having edema during the first admission, and being HIV-infected cases. A protocol ought to be drafted for extending Supplementary Nutrition in Acute Malnutrition management program following discharge is highly needed.
COVID-19: positive experience with differentiated tactics of mechanical ventilation of the lungs for different phenotypes (L-phenotype)
Authors: Piacherski Valery , Muzyka Lidziya , Zhylynski Dzyanis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Relevance
Studies have previously been published on a possible differential approach to respiratory therapy in patients with COVID-19 depending on the L- or H-phenotype.
The authors believe that early tracheal intubation reduces the risk of lung injury. The use of deep sedation and low PEEP (6–8 cmH2O) and early intubation may prevent transition to type H.

Method and results
Eleven patients with COVID-19 type L pneumonia received respiratory support based on the proposed guidelines. Eight women and three men (ages 45 to 84) with COVID-19 type L pneumonia were treated in the intensive care unit. Did they all receive oxygen therapy up to 15 L/min. high-flow oxygen therapy up to 60 L/ min, non-invasive ventilation of the lungs. If it was impossible to reduce FiO2 from 100 to 75% within 2–3 h or if the patient was intolerant to NIV, early tracheal intubation was used.
The minute ventilation volume was set to
maintain CO2 <60 mmHg. and pH>7.25 in venous blood. Sedation
was performed by intravenous titration of fentanyl and propofol. If deeper
sedation was required to synchronize the patient to the ventilator, intravenous
muscle relaxants were used over 24-48 hours (bolus or intravenous titration)
instead of sedation.

Conclusion
All 11 patients were successfully weaned from
the mechanical ventilation of the lungs. A differentiated approach to
respiratory therapy for COVID-19 L-type pneumonia proved to be an effective
approach in these patients.
It is probably worth avoiding deep sedation of
patients on mechanical ventilation with L-type pneumonia, which would reduce
the time spent on mechanical ventilation and reduce the risk of mortality from
nosocomial bacterial infection.
The new MVL strategy for L-type pneumonia and
the problem of deep sedation require more research. But the available data
suggests that it probably has benefits.
Researchers, animal support and regulatory staff: symbiosis or antagonism?
Authors: Tsang Benjamin , Gerlai Robert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnimals are studied en masse by biologists around the world in a variety of biomedical and basic research studies. All this research benefits humankind and animals alike as it tackles a wide variety of problems ranging from those of conservation biology to medicine. Research with animal subjects is a complex endeavor that requires the cooperation and collaboration of a large number of experts, from the principal investigator through technicians and vivarium staff to regulatory experts. The research must be conducted in a humane manner that adheres to acceptable practices regulated by local, state and federal guidelines, rules and the law. In this short opinion article, we examine the current state of affairs regarding how researchers, animal support staff and regulatory experts work together. We pay particular attention to potential conflicts that may arise from the occasionally distinct roles played by those involved in animal research, and we provide some suggestions as short- and long-term remedies that have not been previously discussed in the literature.
Direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty: more indications and advantages than we found
Authors: Xu Zhonghua , Zhang Jun , Li Jie , Zhang Yuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMounting attention has been oriented to the direct anterior approach (DAA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) because of alleged advantages in terms of tissue-sparing and minimal invasiveness, as well as fast recovery after surgery in the past decades. Doubt has also been raised by critics regarding learning curve, indications, technical feasibility, intraoperative risks and complications, and unconfirmed long-term consequences of the approach. The controversies were elaborately reviewed and discussed in a recent publication in Arthroplasty by Realyvasquez et al. from the perspective of American surgeons. This inclusive review covered the current status, technical issues, outcome evaluation, and developmental concerns of DAA in modern THA. As one of the pioneers of DAA in hip surgery communities in China, Prof. Y. Z., the corresponding author of the paper, has his own understanding and manipulation of DAA on the basis of thousands of DAA procedures he has performed. The purpose of this article was to respond to the pivotal issues discussed in the article by Realyvasquez et al., and to present our own view of points about the indications/contraindications and advantages as different from existing ideas. In particular, we proposed a Xinqiao Predictive Algorithm to quantitatively assess the indications for and feasibility of DAA for the first time. The algorithm was constructed on multiple factors derived from Chinese patients. Our study concluded that the potential advantages of DAA could be achieved by personalizing the pelvic functional position and placing the component into the real safe zone, by means of adapting to the spaciotemporal change of the hip-spine coordination.
Micro-elimination of hepatitis C in patients with chronic kidney disease: an Egyptian single-center study
Authors: George Michael Tari , Anwar Christina A. , Ahmed Ossama A. , Sarhan Iman , Elshazly Yehia , Shaker Mohammed K. , Eltabbakh Mohammed , Hashem Walaa , Tawfic Safaa R. , Kamel Shimaa Y. , Kandil Doaa M. , Naguib Gina G. , Khedr Abdelrahman , Ghanem Eman A. , Dabbous Hany , Doss Wahid , El-Sayed Manal H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Micro-elimination of hepatitis C in renal patients is crucial. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of directly acting antivirals in chronic kidney disease patients and the effect of treatment on kidney functions.

Results
This prospective cohort study included 77 chronic HCV-infected patients with chronic kidney disease. Patients were consented and treated for 12 weeks with either sofosbuvir and daclatasvir ± ribavirin if glomerular filtration rate was > 30 mL/min per 1.73m2 or ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir-ombitasvir-ribavirin if it was < 30 mL/min per 1.73m2. Patients were divided into two categories (responders versus non-responders). Predictors of response to treatment were statistically analyzed through logistic regression analysis. Sixty-two patients received ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir-ombitasvir-ribavirin, 3 received sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, and 12 received sofosbuvir and daclatasvir plus ribavirin. Most patients were on hemodialysis (n = 36) while 31 were stage 3 kidney disease. All patients completed their treatment course; ribavirin doses were adjusted or stopped in patients who developed anemia (40%). Seventy-two patients (93.5%) achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks following end-of-treatment. Five patients (6.5%) were non-responders, 4 of whom were on hemodialysis (p = 0.179). All non-responders were on ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir-ombitasvir-ribavirin. The mean serum creatinine level at weeks 4 and 8 of treatment demonstrated significant improvement compared to pretreatment values (p < 0.001) in patients on conservative therapy.

Conclusion
Treatment of chronic kidney disease patients for chronic hepatitis C with directly acting antivirals is safe, efficacious with high response rates and likely to improve renal functions if started early in the course of kidney disease.
Control of climate events caused by the volcano on organic matter enrichment in the lacustrine source rocks of the Ordos Basin, central China
Authors: Zhang Bin , Mao Zhi-Guo , Yuan Yi-Lin , Yu Cong , Zhang Zhong-Yi , Tang Xuan , Shi Yu-Xin , Chen Xiao-Liang 
Published: July 2022

We systematically analyze the geochemical characteristics of source rocks of the Yan Chang Formation in the Ordos Basin to reveal the influence mechanisms of the volcano on lacustrine organic matter enrichment. Organic matter enrichment is not synchronous with the volcanic eruption in time, but it has a “hysteresis” effect. The evidence of volcanic activity mainly includes two aspects: one is a large amount of volcanic ash in black shale, and the other is a negative shift of organic carbon isotopes of source rocks and finding that black shale was affected by climate events caused by the volcano. The climate event caused by the volcano has three effects on organic matter enrichment in black shale: (1) it brought nutrients for the growth of organisms and released a large amount of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, to accelerate photosynthesis and promote the growth of organisms; (2) a large amount of toxic gases, such as SO2 and H2S, were released and O2 was consumed and diluted in the air, forming a severe anoxic environment and accelerating the preservation of organic matter; and (3) it caused extremely hot weather, resulting in long-time surface runoff and other climate events, increasing input of terrestrial organic matter, and forming light components of hydrocarbons.