bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of job stress appraisals on mental health among health professionals: The mediating role of work engagement
Authors: Chaabouni A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionHealth professionals face an increased risk of developing mental health difficulties due to work-related stress. It has been demonstrated that work engagement has a protective role on mental health from work-related stress. The majority of the research on the psychological impact of job stress among health professionals focused on the work-related stressors or the type of stressors as challenges or hindrances. However, the impact might depend on an individual’s appraisal of challenges and hindrances.Objectives- Examine the effects of job appraisals on mental health. - Establish the role of work engagement as a mediator between them.MethodsAn online survey was completed by 196 health professionals and included questionnaires about job appraisals, stressors (variety of tasks, responsibility and cooperation with colleagues), work engagement, anxiety and depression.ResultsAppraising stressors as challenges did not have any direct impact on mental health, whereas hindrance appraisals had a negative influence. Participants who appraised cooperation with colleagues as challenging reported lower levels of depression through higher work engagement (B = − 0.17, 95% CI [− 0.354, − 0.027]). Appraising variety of tasks as a hindrance predicted higher levels of depression through lower work engagement (B = 0.150, 95% CI [0.041, 0.289]). Participants appraising the other two stressors as hindrances were more anxious and depressed through lower work engagement.ConclusionsThe negative psychological impact of hindrance appraisals was persistent, whereas the positive impact of challenge appraisals through work engagement depended on the stressor. Stress interventions may need to consider both the type of appraisal and the type of stressor.
Social networks, depressive symptoms and quality of life in the elderly: Results of an intergenerational program
Authors: Amaral A.P. , Nascimento M.J. , Rocha C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIntergenerational programs involving children and the elderly promote intergenerational interactions and can positively affect physical and mental health, and the quality of life of the elderly.ObjectivesTo test the effects of an intergenerational intervention in social isolation, depressive symptoms and quality of life of the elderly.MethodsThis study employed a pretest-posttest design. Measures: Portuguese versions of Geriatric Depression Scale, Lubben Social Networks Scale and WHOQOL-OLD. Participants: 12 elderly, 75% females, with mean age of 80.8 years (sd=8.8) and 20 kindergarten children (65% female) with mean age of 4,1 years (sd=0.79). The intervention ran for 6 weeks, with 11 intergenerational group sessions, each range between 30 and 120 minutes. A nonparametric paired samples tests was conducted to evaluate the impact of the intervention.ResultsAfter the intervention, when comparing elderly with and without depressive symptoms, results showed significant differences in the total value of quality of life (p=.048) and in the facets: 1) Sensory functioning, 2) Autonomy, 3) Past, present and future activities (p=.003; p=.018; p=.030, respectively). 12,5% of de elderly with depressive symptoms before the intervention no longer have depressive symptoms after the intervention. Regarding social networks, there were no significant differences (p=.576) between the mean values of the two assessments.ConclusionsThe implemented intergenerational program was effective in promoting quality of live and minimized depressive symptoms. After the intervention, the number of the elderly without depressive symptoms have increased and these presented a higher quality of life. Finally, longitudinal studies with a large sample are needed to consolidate results.
Help-seeking behavior of inmates in norwegian prisons
Authors: Solbakken L. , Bergvik S. , Wynn R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionWhile prison inmates have an increased risk of mental illness, psychiatric services are often less accessible and insufficient for this group. A low level of awareness or a fear of becoming stigmatised could also influence the help-seeking behaviour of some inmates.ObjectivesTo study the knowledge and beliefs regarding mental health and mental illness as well as the help-seeking behaviour of inmates in Norwegian prisons.MethodsWe describe a study of help-seeking behaviour and mental health literacy of prisoners. This is a qualitiative study involving in-depth interviews with inmates in prisons in North Norway.ResultsRecruitment and data collection is ongoing. Central topics in the interviews are inmates’ associations regarding positive mental health and how they can enhance their own well-being while in prison, and how other external factors can contribute to increased well-being. Furthermore, the inmates are asked about their attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge regarding mental illness, and what they think might be factors that can contribute to the development of mental illness. Moreover, we cover topics such as the inmates’ beliefs regarding the treatment of mental illness, strategies for handling such health problems, and sources of information regarding mental health and mental illness.ConclusionsThe study will increase knowledge about how prisoners think about mental health and mental illness and the help-seeking behaviours of prison inmates. In a next step, this understanding can be utilized in improving information about well-being, mental illness, and psychiatric services to prisoners.
Self-reported mental health among individuals with mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Østergaard S. , Kølbæk P. , Speed M. , Jefsen O. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundIndividuals with mental illness may be particularly vulnerable to the negative impact that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic seems to have on mental health. Most prior studies on this topic are however limited by non-random sampling, lack of information on non-respondents, and self-reported diagnoses. Here, we aimed at overcoming these limitations by means of random sampling in a population of clinically diagnosed patients, acquisition of clinical and socio-demographic data on non-respondents, and weighting of results informed by attrition.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based online survey inviting six-thousand randomly drawn patients from the psychiatric services of the Central Denmark Region. They survey data were merged with sociodemographic- and clinical data from medical records on all invitees, which enabled analysis of attrition and weighting of results. The questionnaire included the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and 14 questions evaluating the perceived severity of symptoms during the four-week nationwide lockdown of Denmark in March/April 2020 – using the pre-pandemic period as reference. Reasons for worsening or improvement in mental health during lockdown were also reported.ResultsThe preliminary results are as follows: The response rate was ≈20%. Approximately half the respondents reported that their mental health had deteriorated during lockdown, while the other half reported either no change (≈33%) or improvement (≈16%). The most commonly reported reasons for deterioration in mental health were disruption of routines and loneliness.ConclusionThe final results will be shown at the conference.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Features of infllammatory reactions and clinical picture in elderly and young patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Androsova L. , Barkhatova A. , Sheshenin V. , Zozulya S. , Otman I. , Pochueva V. , Klyushnik T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIt is known that the intensity of inflammation weakens with age, and therefore it is of interest to study the clinical features of schizophreniс process in relation to the level of inflammatory markers.ObjectivesTo determine the level of inflammatory markers (the activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), autoantibodies (aAB) to neurotrophin S100b and myelin basic protein) in plasma in different years old groups of patients with schizophrenia.MethodsTwo groups of patients with schizophrenia were examined: the 1st group - 19 women aged 60 to 78 years; the 2nd group - 24 women aged 19 to 42 years.ResultsAn increase in activity both of LE and α1-PI was found in young patients. This characterizes a balanced inflammatory response. Elderly patients showed a similar increase in the activity of α1-PI, however, LE activity did not exceed the control values. Insufficient LE activity probably characterizes a decrease in the functional activity of neutrophils. The negative correlation was revealed between the activity of LE and TotPsy (PANSS) in the group of elderly patients (r=-0.62, p<05) and positive correlation between aAB to S100b and TotNeg in both groups (r=0.56 and r=0.49, p<05 respectively). There is relationship between age, the activity of psychopathological symptoms and the rate of development of schizophrenia: the rapid course and variety of disorders at a young age, against the poverty of symptoms and a slow rate in the elderly.ConclusionsThere is relationship between the features of inflammatory reactions and clinical picture in elderly and young patients with schizophrenia.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms of multiple sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Dos Santos P. Espada , Facucho-Oliveira J. , Esteves-Sousa D. , Costa M. , Albuquerque M. , Fraga A. , Marinho M. , Cintra P. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Concomitant psychiatric diseases are frequent in MS, with depression and anxiety disorders constituting the majority. The presence of psychotic disorders with MS is rare. Several studies have reported that psychotic symptoms usually develop after the neurological signs of MS and they are mostly linked to the side effects of treatment with interferon or with corticosteroids.ObjectivesThe authors report here the case of patient with MS without psychiatric history that developed psychotic symptoms.MethodsBeside the medical record of the patient a non-systematic search of the literature was carried out in the databases Pubmed and Google Scholar with the terms “Multiple Sclerosis”, “Multiple Sclerosis treatment ”and“ Neuropsychiatric symptoms ”.ResultsA 38 years old woman with MS, with no psychiatry history developed paranoid and reference delusions, several months after starting interferon beta-1a therapy. The inferferon therapy was stopped and the patient was started Risperidone 3 mg id with a rapid but only partial remission of the psychotic symptoms. The patient presented high blood levels of prolactine and the MRI showed a pituitary microadenome. The Risperidone was switched to Aripiprazol 15 mg also with partial remission of the psychtic symptons.ConclusionsIt is not possible to attribute our patient’s psychotic symptoms entirely to his Interferon therapy or to MS lesion load, but the occurrence during treatment, no psychiatric history and the rapid but parcial resolution with discontinuing suggest that Interferon therapy was at least contributory to the clinical picture.
The role of intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Fraga A. , Esteves-Sousa D. , Facucho-Oliveira J. , Albuquerque M. , Costa M. , Espada-Santos P. , Moutinho A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent clinical condition with a leading cause of disability worldwide. Unfortunately, about 1/3 of patients with MDD fail to achieve remission despite treatment with multiple antidepressants and are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Research showed abnormalities in glutamatergic transmission in neural circuits and antidepressant efficacy with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, ketamine.ObjectivesThe authors elaborate a narrative literature review on the intranasal esketamine as a new-class antidepressant.MethodsPubMed database searched using the terms “treatment-resistant depression” and “esketamine”.ResultsKetamine, synthetized from PCP, acts as an antagonist of NMDA receptor, reducing Central Nervous System excitability. One limitation of ketamine for treating depression is that requires intravenous administration, reducing its applicability in outpatient settings. Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, developed as an intranasal formulation has a higher affinity for the NMDA receptor. The evidence of the rapid antidepressant effect of intranasal esketamine was first made by Lapidus et al, that demonstrated intranasal esketamine ability to reduce depressive symptomatology. However, some recent studies reported significant acute cardiovascular, psychotomimetic and neurological side-effects. Thus, drug formulation, delivery device, insufflation technique, and individual factors seem to contribute importantly to the tolerability and efficacy of the intranasal administration rote.ConclusionsThere is the need to develop novel treatments providing effective, more rapid-acting, and sustained relief of depressive symptoms, especially in patients with TRD. Intranasal esketamine has shown antidepressant effects in patients with TRD but further investigation is required to strongly reinforce this potential and safety.
Quetiapine-induced bicytopenia. Case report and literature review
Authors: Higueras T. Gutiérrez , Forés S. Vicent , De La Cuesta Alonso S. Sainz , Cortés F. Calera 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLow white blood cell counts and agranulocytosis are a relatively rare side effect of atypical antipsychotic treatment. Like most atypical antipsychotics, quetiapine only has a 1%-4% risk of low blood cell count. The mechanism by which quetiapine causes these adverse effects is still unclear, some authors have proposed that this drug acts directly as a cytotoxic agent on immune cells and produces cell death, or the products of these drug could induce apoptosis by oxidative stress. Other authors have suggested a bone marrow depression, which could be produced by an inhibitory effect on leukopoiesis.ObjectivesPresentation of a case of a bycitopenia after initiation of Quetiapine Prolong treatment to bipolar disorder and a literature review.MethodsWe carried out a literature review in Pubmed electing those articles focused on cases of patients being treated with quetiapine and cytopenia as a side effect.ResultsA 43-year-old woman with type I bipolar disorder is being treated with quetiapine prolong (50mg). After 6 years bicytopenia (anemia + leukopenia) was discovered in a routine analysis. In the Haematology Unit, long-term treatment with Quetiapine Prolong was found to be the cause of bicytopenia, having ruled out other ethological causes. This drug was suspended and switched to Aripiprazol. Eventually, the remission of symptoms and normalization of analytical parameters were achieved.ConclusionsIn this case highlights the importance of understanding antipsychotic medications and their effects on the haematological system. Quetiapine Prolong produced bycitpoenia (anemia and thrombocytopenia), especially in long treatments. Therefore, clinical practitioners should be aware of this adverse effect.
Cortical excitability and its modulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder - a systematic review
Authors: Silva D. , Maia A. , Cotovio G. , Oliveira J. , Oliveira-Maia A. , Barahona-Correa B. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionObsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an incapacitating Neuropsychiatric condition characterized by the presence of obsessions and/or compulsions. Although the disorder’s phenotype is well described, its pathophysiology remains elusive (Aouizerate et al, 2004). Over the last decade, techniques to noninvasively study the brain’s neurophysiology, such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), have found widespread use in psychiatric research. For OCD, single- and paired-pule TMS protocols have been used to explore abnormalities in motor cortex excitability and cortical neuroplasticity. Here we propose to systematically review and, where possible, metanalyse existing case-control studies that compared such measures in patients and healthy subjects.ObjectivesTo systematically review and meta-analyse published case-control studies comparing cortical excitability measures, as measured by single- or paired-pulse TMS, in subjects with OCD and healthy controls.MethodsWe have conducted a systematic review of published literature (PROSPERO registration CRD42020201764) reporting measures of cortical excitability as measured by single or paired-pulse TMS, in patients with OCD and healthy controls. We searched 4 different electronic libraries (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO). The resulting list of articles was reviewed, separately, by two researchers. Disagreements were discussed and resolved by consensus, until a final list of eligible articles was obtained.Results13 studies reporting motor cortex excitability measures were included in our final list. The total number of participants included in our analyses is 615 (349 OCD; 180 healthy subjects; 86 other conditions)ConclusionsA sufficient number of studies was found to allow for metanalyses, currently ongoing.
Vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. Long-term clinical outcomes
Authors: Rosson S. , Bresolin N. , D’Avella D. , Denaro L. , Landi A. , Caiolo S. , Lussignoli M. , Toffanin T. , Pigato G. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation technique approved for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). Evidence regarding its long-term efficacy and safety is still scarce.ObjectivesTo descriptively report a case series of 3 patients undergoing adjunctive VNS for TRD with an over 10-year follow-up.MethodsWe investigated outcomes of clinical interest in patients with ongoing VNS for at least 10 years after the device implantation. They had participated in a larger single-arm interventional study conducted at the University Hospital of Padua. They were diagnosed with chronic unipolar (1), recurrent unipolar (1), and bipolar (1) TRD.ResultsOur 3 cases had an average 14-year history of psychiatric disease before surgery. Afterward, all subjects achieved clinical remission within two years. 2 patients experienced relapses within the first 4 years of treatment (respectively, 1 and 2 episodes). The other case showed a recurrent trend of brief relapses every two years. Only 1 individual needed to be admitted to the psychiatric unit once. None of them committed suicidal attempts. Prescription of antidepressants remained almost unchanged after the first two years. 2 individuals improved and 1 maintained their working position. Common adverse events were voice alteration (3/3), neck pain (2/3), and cough (2/3).ConclusionsVery few cases of 10-year VNS for TRD have been reported so far. For our subjects, VNS was most likely to have a major impact on the clinical course of the disease. This treatment can be a safe and effective adjunctive intervention in a subgroup of patients with TRD.
The association between work-related factors and use of psychotherapeutic methods with burnout rates in family physicians
Authors: Rubene L. , Miksons A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA physicians work is closely related to patients and the understanding of their problems. The use of psychotherapeutic methods is a factor for successful care (Swanson, 1994). At the same time burnout is a syndrome that can affect the health of doctors themselves thus reflecting on the quality of care they can provide (Lloyd et al, 2002).ObjectivesTo investigate the use of psychotherapeutic methods in family physicians work in Latvia and the association between burnout rates and the use of these methods in practice as well as different demographic and work-related factors.MethodsA cross sectional study was carried out. An anonymous online form that contained questions about the demographic data, psychotherapeutic methods/techniques mastering and usage and questions from the Maslach Burnout Inventory was sent out to the publicly available email addresses of family physicians in Latvia. The collected data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS software.ResultsTogether 54 responses were received from all regions of Latvia. The analysis found association between work hours per week, patients seen per week, usage of psychotherapeutic methods and burnout. More hours per week was associated with higher rates of depersonalization (p=0,014) and burnout (p=0,010). More patients per week was associated with higher rates of burnout (p=0,024). Being unsure if they were using any psychotherapeutic methods was associated with higher rates of depersonalization (p=0,028).ConclusionsThe data obtained allows a better insight in to the usage of psychotherapeutic methods, everyday work and the association with burnout rates in family physicians.
Role of multimodal approach to curing anxiety disorders
Authors: Kudinova O. , Mykhaylov B. , Chorna T. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOn the basis of complex clinical anamnestic, clinical psychopatological, pathopsychological research, data were obtained about reasons and conditions of formation, abnormal clinical psychopathological structure, syndrome peculiarities of emotional disfunctions for patients with episodic paroxismal disorders, generalized anxiety disorders and mixed anxiously depressed disorders.To realize the aim and tasks of the research, 145 patients were examined with anxiety disorders, that passed the stationary course of treatment.ObjectivesThe purpose of the research was to discover emotional disturbance peculiarities for anxiety disorder patients with different origins of pathological syndromes.MethodsThe basic method was a group psychotherapy with the elements of rational, positive, suggestive and family psychotherapy. In relation to disfunctions of emotional sphere, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was used for the phobic-depressive and anxious-depressed disorders.ResultsDecrease in general level of anxiety and internal anxiety was obtained for most patients. No spontaneous emergence of fear was practically observed. While active interviewing, patients stated that their former worries and fears have lost actuality and apparent emotional colouring, somatic-vegetative correlates of anxious states disappeared. Up to the end of the therapy course, a sense of calmness was attained as a base-line for the background emotional state. Considerable reduction of symptomatic of the depressed circle also took place. Patients’ mood increased, their interests broadened, patients started to feel joy and optimism.ConclusionsTo correct emotional disfunction of patients with episodic paroxismal disorders, generalized anxiety disorders and mixed anxiously depressed disorders, psychotherapeutic correction system is optimal to use, which is built based on stepwise and multimodal principles.