bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic effects of network exposure on equity markets
Authors: Dungey Mardi , Kangogo Moses , Volkov Vladimir 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe investigate the contribution of network exposure to both shock transmission and absorption. Our data sample comprises 45 economies for the period 1998–2018 to which we apply spatial econometric estimation technique. Our empirical findings show that both network intensity and interconnectedness in the financial system have impact on increasing network exposure. We also demonstrate how to estimate network intensity in the financial system. Our results indicate that an increased network intensity parameter is associated to period when the financial system is under stress. The results show high exposure of the financial system to vulnerabilities. The results suggest the changing market conditions increase the exposures to the financial system. Thus, effective ways to monitor the financial system should be implemented by the policy makers to reduce the chances of financial instabilities.
High-Temperature Behavior of Spent Li-Ion Battery Black Mass in Inert Atmosphere
Authors: Babanejad Safoura , Ahmed Hesham , Andersson Charlotte , Samuelsson Caisa , Lennartsson Andreas , Hall Björn , Arnerlöf Linn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe increased demand for Li-ion batteries has prompted the scientific community to improve recycling routes in order to reuse the valuable materials in batteries. After their end-of-life, the batteries are collected, discharged, and mechanically disintegrated, generating plastic and metallic streams that are recycled directly; this leaves behind a small particle size fraction known as black mass (BM). BM is composed mainly of graphite and Li-metal complex oxides. Pyrometallurgy is a route known for recycling of BM, in which identifying the BM’s behavior at high temperatures is essential. In this study, two types of BM are characterized in two fractions of 150–700 µm and smaller than 150 µm. The thermal behavior of the BM is studied with thermal analysis techniques. The analyses demonstrate that the mineralogical and morphological properties of the two fractions do not significantly differ, while the amounts of C and organic materials might vary. When the BM was thermally treated, the binders decomposed until a temperature of 500 ℃ was reached, where the volatilization of hydrocarbons was observed, although F mostly persisted in the BM. The Li-metal oxide was partially reduced to lower oxides and Li carbonate at ⁓ 600 ℃, and the main mass loss was caused by carbothermic reduction immediately thereafter. As the products of this process, metallic Co and Ni phases were formed, and part of the graphite remained unreacted. Regarding the Li behavior, it was observed that in the presence of Al, AlLiO2 is the most likely composition to form, and it changes to LiF by increasing the F concentration in the composition.
Graphical Abstract
Narration Without Narrating
Authors: Bücking Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of how to account for the distinction between narrator-creating and narrator-neutral narration from a linguistic perspective. I first take issue with the approach by Eckardt (2015), according to which narrator-neutral narration is due to a lack of knowledge about the narrating situation; specifically, I raise an existence problem, an anthropomorphism problem, and a tense problem. Second, combining ideas of the Institutional Theory of Fiction as described by Walton (1990) and Köppe/Stühring (2011) and formal tools of Attitude Description Theory as developed by Maier (2017), I propose an imagination-based alternative account of narrator-neutrality. According to this, the distinction between narrator-creating and narrator-neutral narration is captured by optional existential binding of a narrating situation and a narrator in an imagination component of an interpreter’s mental state. Particular attention is paid to the semantics of the German preterit in fictional narratives. On the one hand, I confirm the famous hypothesis by Hamburger (31977) and her successors in German linguistics that the preterit licenses an atemporal reading and thus an interpretation that eliminates the grammatical need for a narrating situation within the fiction. On the other hand, I reject the prevailing assumption that the preterit in its atemporal reading marks the fiction as such. In lieu thereof, the preterit is argued to instruct interpreters to imagine the story from the perspective of a distant observer.
Religiosität in Österreich: Einheimische und Muslim*innen im Vergleich
Authors: Höllinger Franz 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wurde anhand der österreichischen Daten des Religionsmonitor 2017 untersucht, wie sich Österreicher*innen ohne Migrationshintergrund (Einheimische) und in Österreich lebende Muslim*innen in Hinblick auf Religiosität unterscheiden und wie sie die Religiosität der anderen Gruppe wahrnehmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Religiosität von Einheimischen und Muslim*innen in unterschiedliche Richtungen entwickelt. Bei den Einheimischen geht die kirchlich-religiöse Praxis bei jüngeren im Vergleich zu älteren Befragten stark zurück, bei den Muslim*innen ist dies nicht der Fall. Muslim*innen vertreten auch viel häufiger die Ansicht, dass es nur eine wahre Religion und nur eine richtige Interpretation der religiösen Gebote gibt. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Bedeutung, die die Religion für Einheimische und für Muslim*innen hat, wie auch aufgrund der kulturellen Traditionen und Lebensformen, die mit dem säkularisierten europäischen Christentum auf der einen und dem Islam auf der anderen Seite in Verbindung stehen, gibt es bei beiden Gruppen, insbesondere auf Seite der österreichischen Einheimischen, Vorbehalte gegenüber den Glaubensvorstellungen und Lebensweisen der anderen Gruppe.
Projected Air Temperature Extremes and Maximum Heat Conditions Over the Middle-East-North Africa (MENA) Region
Authors: Ntoumos Athanasios , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Zittis George , Proestos Yiannis , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes projected heat extremes over the Middle-East–North Africa (MENA) region until the end of the twenty-first century with a number of temperature indices based on absolute values and thresholds to describe hot conditions. We use model projected daily near-surface air (2-m) temperature ($$T_\mathrm{{max}}$$

T
max

and $$T_\mathrm{{min}}$$

T
min

) to derive the indices for the period 1980–2100. The data were taken from 18 CMIP5 models combining historical (1980–2005) and scenario runs (2006–2100 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 pathways). Results show a domain-wide projected warming for all emission scenarios. Our findings for a business-as-usual pathway indicate excessive warming of more than 8 $$^\circ $$

∘

C in the northern part of the domain (south Europe) for the annual warmest day (TXx) and night (TNx). In the hottest parts of the domain record high temperatures reached 50 $$^\circ $$

∘

C in the recent past, which could increase to at least 56 $$^\circ $$

∘

C by the end of the century, while temperatures over 50 $$^\circ $$

∘

C are expected to occur in a large part of the MENA region. A significant increase is projected in the number of hot days (TX $$>40^\circ $$

>

40
∘

C) and nights (TN $$>30 ^\circ $$

>

30
∘

C) all over the region. For the period of 2071–2100 excessive hot days and nights will become the normal during summer in large parts of the MENA with some locations expected to exceed 180 and 100 days, respectively. Calculations of the corresponding heat index suggest that several areas across the MENA region may reach temperature levels critical for human survival.
Human-wildlife conflict interest: the psychometric reasons for the death of 28 hippos in the Gibe Sheleko National park (2019), Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Wondimu Habtamu , Kebede Ashenafi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines a hot issue that has received a lot of attention in 2019, Ethiopia, which is the death of over 28 hippos in Gibe-Sheleko National Park (GSNP) in southern Ethiopia, which has gone undiscovered until now. A psychometric explanation for the extinction of hippos was developed using a qualitative research approach that included in-depth interviews (28), focus groups (3), and key informant participants (3) who were carefully selected. Concerning the cause of the hippos' death we found three psychometric reasons: (1) the government-owned farm and the park’s irresponsible management system are the primary causes of hippos’ deaths, (2) crop, cattle, and property damage by the hippos, and (3) personal defense from the animals’ attack. We found that the Ministry of Environment and Forests should support park administrative governments in upgrading habitat to boost food and water availability and prevent animal migration from park forests to habitations. Furthermore, we discovered that national and international media outlets performed their investigations into the interaction between the Gibe Woreda people and the animals following the deaths of over 28 hippos in the region. We understand that this had occurred for a political plot to get public attention and media publicity.
Freezing induces an increase in leaf spectral transmittance of forest understorey and alpine forbs
Authors: Solanki Twinkle , García Plazaola José Ignacio , Robson T. Matthew , Fernández Marín Beatriz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEvergreen plants growing at high latitudes or high elevations may experience freezing events in their photosynthetic tissues. Freezing events can have physical and physiological effects on the leaves which alter leaf optical properties affecting remote and proximal sensing parameters. We froze leaves of six alpine plant species (Soldanella alpina, Ranunculus kuepferi, Luzula nutans, Gentiana acaulis, Geum montanum, and Centaurea uniflora) and three evergreen forest understorey species (Hepatica nobilis, Fragaria vesca and Oxalis acetosella), and assessed their spectral transmittance and optically measured pigments, as well as photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) as an indicator of freezing damage. Upon freezing, leaves of all the species transmitted more photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and some species had increased ultraviolet-A (UV-A) transmittance. These differences were less pronounced in alpine than in understorey species, which may be related to higher chlorophyll degradation, visible as reduced leaf chlorophyll content upon freezing in the latter species. Among these understorey forbs, the thin leaves of O. acetosella displayed the largest reduction in chlorophyll (−79%). This study provides insights into how freezing changes the leaf optical properties of wild plants which could be used to set a baseline for upscaling optical reflectance data from remote sensing. Changes in leaf transmittance may also serve to indicate photosynthetic sufficiency and physiological tolerance of freezing events, but experimental research is required to establish this functional association.
Graphical abstract
Reimagining a summer research program during COVID: Strategies for enhancing research workforce diversity
Authors: Eakin Brenda L. , Ianni Phillip A. , Byks-Jazayeri Christy , Ellingrod Vicki L. , Woolford Susan J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Well-designed, accessible short-term research training programs are needed to recruit and retain underrepresented persons into clinical and translational research training programs and diversify the workforce. The Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research developed a summer research program, training over 270 students in 15 years. In response to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, we pivoted swiftly from an in-person format to a fully remote format. We describe this process, focusing on factors of diversity, equity, and inclusion including enabling student participation in remote research activities. We collected data about students’ learning experiences since the program’s inception; therefore, we could evaluate the impact of remote vs. in-person formats. We examined data from five cohorts: three in-person (2017–2019; n = 57) and two remote (2020–2021; n = 45). While there was some concern about the value of participating in a remote format, overall students in both formats viewed the program favorably, with students in the remote cohorts rating some aspects of the program significantly more favorably. In addition, more students who identified as Black or African American participated in the remote format than in the in-person format. We describe lessons learned from this unprecedented challenge and future program directions.
Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Study of Traumatic Brain Injuries at a Tertiary Care Trauma Center in the Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Rahman Usama , Hamid Moaz , Shan Dasti Muhammad , Nouman Tahir , Vedovelli Luca , Javid Azhar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are 1 of the most common reasons for young adult death and disability. This study sought to provide novel data for TBIs in Southern Punjab, as well as to identify any areas of service improvement to reduce the acute and long-term burden of this condition.

Methods:
A survey in English was created, which was then circulated to members of the emergency and neurosurgical department for a 3-wk period.

Results:
A total of 450 patients (379 male [84.2%] and 71 female [15.2%]) were included as TBI admissions or attendances with a mean age of 28.9 y. Of the total, 420 people (93.2%) had experienced a TBI following a road traffic incident (RTI), with 78.7% (n = 354) of TBIs involving motorbike users who were not wearing helmets. A total of 226 (50.1%) patients arrived by car to the hospital, and 201 (44.7%) arrived by means of provincial government-funded emergency ambulance services.

Conclusions:
TBIs in Southern Punjab mostly affect younger males involved in RTIs while riding motorbikes. Recommendations to reduce the acute and long-term burden of TBIs in this region include formal training of all hospital and prehospital staff in the management of acute trauma cases according to international guidelines and operating provincial government emergency ambulance services in a wider geographic area.
The role of non-elites and eyewitness videos in the visual securitisation of Calais asylum seekers
Authors: Shetty Vaibhava 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith the advent of smartphones and social media, non-elites possess more resources to engage in politicisation and securitisation of issues. The increasing popularity and acceptance of eyewitness videos captured by non-elites presents new political-security implications, especially for the issue of migration and refugees, as witnessed during the European refugee crisis. The eyewitness videos the host population of Europe captured served as key heuristic artefacts for non-elites to engage in the securitisation and counter desecuritisation of asylum seekers. The production, visual, circulation, and audiencing aspects of eyewitness videos are significantly different from those of professional videos from news media and therefore can potentially articulate (in)security in distinct ways. I argue that the epistemic-political constitution of eyewitness videos and their online remediation through the complex networked act between the calculated security publics and video recommendation algorithms of social media play a key role in facilitating security articulations of asylum seekers. This is illustrated in the analysis of two popular eyewitness videos from Calais. The article examines how non-elites used eyewitness videos to politicise and securitise Calais asylum seekers.
Operator-free sparse domination
Authors: Lerner Andrei K. , Lorist Emiel , Ombrosi Sheldy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe obtain a sparse domination principle for an arbitrary family of functions$f(x,Q)$, where$x\in {\mathbb R}^{n}$andQis a cube in${\mathbb R}^{n}$. When applied to operators, this result recovers our recent works [37, 39]. On the other hand, our sparse domination principle can be also applied to non-operator objects. In particular, we show applications to generalised Poincaré–Sobolev inequalities, tent spaces and general dyadic sums. Moreover, the flexibility of our result allows us to treat operators that are not localisable in the sense of [39], as we will demonstrate in an application to vector-valued square functions.
Rapid molecular severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing in hospital employees with mild, nonspecific respiratory symptoms facilitates expedient return to work
Authors: Castillo Alyssa Y. , Zelikoff Allison , Chan Jeannie D. , Lynch John B. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNonspecific respiratory symptoms overlap with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 in hospital employees is crucial to prevent nosocomial transmission. Rapid molecular SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed for 115 symptomatic employees. The case positivity rate was 2.6%. Employees with negative tests returned to work after 80 (±28) minutes.
Risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA environmental contamination in rooms of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Seo Jun-Won , Kim Da Young , Yun Na Ra , Lee You Mi , Panchali Merlin Jayalal Lawrence , Bang Mi-Seon , Hwang Seong Yeon , Kim Choon-Mee , Kim Dong-Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe risk factors of environmental contamination by SARS-CoV-2 are largely unknown. We analyzed 1,320 environmental samples obtained from COVID-19 patients over 1 year. The risk factors for contamination of COVID-19 patients’ surrounding environment were higher viral load in the respiratory tract and shorter duration from symptom onset to sample collection.
Suppression of Potentilla recta by targeted goat grazing and aminopyralid on northern intermountain rangelands
Authors: Juckers Myra , Stewart Katherine J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSulphur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L.) is an invasive perennial forb threatening rangelands in western North America. To identify best management strategies to control P. recta, we examined targeted goat (Capra hircus L.) grazing conducted once (pre-flowering) versus twice (pre-flowering and flowering and seed set), aminopyralid application, and integrated targeted grazing and aminopyralid as management strategies. We also examined the interaction between treatments and seasonality (spring and summer) and explored the possibility of off-target effects to non-target species. Two intermountain rangelands in British Columbia, Canada, were treated, one with targeted grazing treatments only and one with targeted grazing and herbicide treatments. Targeted grazing treatments were implemented in 2019 and 2020, and aminopyralid was applied once in 2019 at a rate of 56 g ai ha−1. Potentilla recta aboveground biomass and number of seed heads declined following targeted grazing treatments at both field sites in 2019 and 2020 when compared with the control, with no differences between targeted grazing treatments. In May 2020, before the implementation of targeted grazing for the second year, a decrease in P. recta biomass was not measured in the targeted grazing treatments, but biomass was 87% to 99% less in the herbicide-only and targeted grazing plus herbicide treatments. In July 2020, declines in biomass and seed heads in the herbicide-only and targeted grazing plus herbicide treatments did not differ from grazing twice, and aminopyralid effects did not differ among the three herbicide treatments. Further research is required to examine legacy effects of targeted goat grazing and aminopyralid on P. recta, establish reapplication frequency of treatments, and determine whether integrating targeted goat grazing and aminopyralid is needed in the long term to manage P. recta. A long-term study is also needed to examine off-target effects from targeted goat grazing and aminopyralid and ways to mitigate these effects to promote healthy native rangeland plant communities.
HIGHER DIMENSIONAL CARDINAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR SETS OF FUNCTIONS II
Authors: BRENDLE JÖRG , SWITZER COREY BACAL 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the values of the higher dimensional cardinal characteristics for sets of functions
$f:\omega ^\omega \to \omega ^\omega $
introduced by the second author in [8]. We prove that while the bounding numbers for these cardinals can be strictly less than the continuum, the dominating numbers cannot. We compute the bounding numbers for the higher dimensional relations in many well known models of
$\neg \mathsf {CH}$
such as the Cohen, random and Sacks models and, as a byproduct show that, with one exception, for the bounding numbers there are no
$\mathsf {ZFC}$
relations between them beyond those in the higher dimensional Cichoń diagram. In the case of the dominating numbers we show that in fact they collapse in the sense that modding out by the ideal does not change their values. Moreover, they are closely related to the dominating numbers
$\mathfrak {d}^\lambda _\kappa $
.
Approximation numbers of composition operators on weighted besov spaces of analytic functions
Authors: Pouliasis Stamatis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLi et al. [A spectral radius type formula for approximation numbers of composition operators, J. Funct. Anal. 267(12) (2014), 4753-4774] proved a spectral radius type formula for the approximation numbers of composition operators on analytic Hilbert spaces with radial weights and on $H^{p}$ spaces, $p\geq 1$, involving Green capacity. We prove that their formula holds for a wide class of Banach spaces of analytic functions and weights.
Protection of bovine mammary epithelial cells by a nanoemulsion of the medicinal herb Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC and its capacity of permeation through mammary epithelium
Authors: Pinheiro Machado Gabriela T. , Veleirinho Maria B. , Ferreira Roberto G. , Zuglianello Carine , Lemos-Senna Elenara , Kuhnen Shirley 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe low levels of toxicity and cytoprotective effect attributed to Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC, a medicinal plant native to South America, are of interest for bovine mastitis therapy. This research paper reports the hypothesis that a nanoemulsion of macela extract (Achyrocline satureioides) exerts protective effects on bovine mammary alveolar cells -T (MAC-T) and increases the permeation of flavonoid compounds through mammary epithelium. Extract-loaded nanoemulsions (2.5 mg/ml) (NE-ML) (n = 4) were prepared using high-pressure homogenization with varying concentrations of flaxseed oil and Tween 80. Permeation and retention of free and nanoencapsulated quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin and luteolin were performed on mammary glandular epithelium using Franz diffusion cells. The cell viability was evaluated on mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T lineage) using the MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) after exposure to loaded and blank nanoemulsions (NE-ML and NE-BL). Necrotic or apoptotic cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry after exposure to nanoemulsions (NE-ML and NE-BL). Subsequently, the cell death was assessed by previously treating MAC-T cells with NE-ML for 23 h, followed by exposure to H2O2 (2 mM) for 1 h. Higher permeation of quercetin and 3-O-methylquercetin in NE-ML was found compared to that of free extract with a final permeated amount of 50.7 ± 3.2 and 111.2 ± 0.6 μg/cm2 compared to 35.0 ± 0.6 and 48.9 ± 1.2, respectively. For NE-BL, the IC50 was at least 1.3% (v/v), while for the NE-ML, it was at least 2.6% (v/v). After exposure to NE-ML (5 and 1.2%, v/v), the percentage of apoptotic cells was reduced (±30%). For the H2O2 assay, the percentage of cells in necrosis was reduced by 40% after exposure to NE-ML1% (v/v) + H2O2 2 mM. The protective effects and increased permeation of macela nanoemulsion make this a promising new candidate for bovine mastitis therapy.