bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased levels of T follicular helper (CD4+CXCR5+) cells and CD27+CD38+ and CD27+CD38− B cells in ankylosing spondylitis patients correlate with markers of inflammation
Authors: Lejon Kristina , Hellman Urban , Kumar Anjani , Forsblad‐d'Elia Helena 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to study CD4+CXCR5+ T follicular helper (TFH) cells, CD27+CD38+ plasmablasts and CD27+CD38− memory B cells, as well as disease‐related factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) from northern Sweden. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 50 patients with AS (mean age 52 ± 9 years, 66% men, 100% HLA‐B27 positive) and 50 pairwise matched blood donor controls (mean age 54 ± 9 years, 66% men) were stained with antibodies for CD27, CD38, CD19, CD3, CD4 and CXCR5 markers and analysed by flow cytometry. Patients with AS were examined with spinal x‐ray for radiographic alterations (mSASSS), and plasma levels of C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as well as selected proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines were determined. Physical mobility, function and disease activity were registered by BASMI, BASFI and ASDAS‐CRP, BASDAI, respectively. Comparing AS patients and controls pairwise, we observed a 56% reduction of TFH cells in PBMCs from AS patients (P = .000008). Furthermore, a 20%‐30% reduction in plasmablasts and B memory cells (P ≤ .002 and P ≤ .007, respectively) was observed. In female patients, negative correlations between ESR and TFH, plasmablasts and B memory cells were observed; Rs = −0.551, P ≤ .02; Rs = −0.476, P ≤ .05 and Rs = −0.522, P ≤ .03, respectively. In addition, positive correlations between the regulatory cytokine IL‐10 and the proportion of B cells, IL‐22, and the proportion of plasmablasts as well as a negative correlation between levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐6 and TFH were detected. Our observations indicate a role of an aberrant humoral immune response related to inflammation in AS.
Cab45 deficiency leads to the mistargeting of progranulin and prosaposin and aberrant lysosomal positioning
Authors: Tran Mai Ly , Tüshaus Johanna , Kim Yeongho , Ramazanov Bulat R. , Devireddy Swathi , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Ferguson Shawn M. , von Blume Julia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe trans‐Golgi Network (TGN) sorts molecular “addresses” and sends newly synthesized proteins to their destination via vesicular transport carriers. Despite the functional significance of packaging processes at the TGN, the sorting of soluble proteins remains poorly understood. Recent research has shown that the Golgi resident protein Cab45 is a significant regulator of secretory cargo sorting at the TGN. Cab45 oligomerizes upon transient Ca2+ influx, recruits soluble cargo molecules (clients), and packs them in sphingomyelin‐rich transport carriers. However, the identity of client molecules packed into Cab45 vesicles is scarce. Therefore, we used a precise and highly efficient secretome analysis technology called hiSPECs. Intriguingly, we observed that Cab45 deficient cells manifest hypersecretion of lysosomal hydrolases. Specifically, Cab45 deficient cells secrete the unprocessed precursors of prosaposin (PSAP) and progranulin (PGRN). In addition, lysosomes in these cells show an aberrant perinuclear accumulation suggesting a new role of Cab45 in lysosomal positioning. This work uncovers a yet unknown function of Cab45 in regulating lysosomal function.
Respiratory function after birth in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Wild K Taylor , Mathew Leny , Hedrick Holly L , Rintoul Natalie E , Ades Anne , Soorikian Leane , Matthews Kelle , Posencheg Michael A , Kesler Erin , Van Hoose K Taylor , Panitch Howard B , Flibotte John , Foglia Elizabeth E 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo characterise the transitional pulmonary physiology of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) using measures of expiratory tidal volume (TV) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2).DesignProspective single-centre observational study.SettingQuaternary neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsInfants with an antenatal diagnosis of CDH born at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.InterventionsTV and ETCO2were simultaneously recorded using a respiratory function monitor (RFM) during invasive positive pressure ventilation immediately after birth.Main outcome measuresTV per birth weight and ETCO2values were summarised for each minute after birth. Subgroups of interest were defined by liver position (thoracic vs abdominal) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment.ResultsRFM data were available for 50 infants from intubation until a median (IQR) of 9 (7–14) min after birth. TV and ETCO2values increased for the first 10 min after birth, but intersubject values were heterogeneous. TVs were overall lower and ETCO2values higher in infants with an intrathoracic liver and infants who were ultimately treated with ECMO. On hospital discharge, survival was 88% (n=43) and 34% (n=17) of infants were treated with ECMO.ConclusionRespiratory function immediately after birth is heterogeneous for infants with CDH. Lung aeration, as evidenced by expired TV and ETCO2, appears to be ongoing throughout the first 10 min after birth during invasive positive pressure ventilation. Close attention to expired TV and ETCO2levels by 10 min after birth may provide an opportunity to optimise and individualise ventilatory support for this high-risk population.
Trends and inequities in the diagnosis and treatment of poststroke depression: a retrospective cohort study of privately insured patients in the USA, 2003–2020
Authors: Elser Holly , Caunca Michelle , Rehkopf David H , Andres Wells , Gottesman Rebecca F , Kasner Scott E , Yaffe Kristine , Schneider Andrea L C 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundDepression is a common neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke, but there is little empiric evidence regarding clinical diagnosis and management of poststroke depression.MethodsRetrospective cohort study among 831 471 privately insured patients with first stroke in the USA from 2003 to 2020. We identified diagnoses of poststroke depression using codes from the International Classification of Diseases. We identified treatment based on prescriptions for antidepressants. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to examine rates of poststroke depression diagnosis by gender, age and race/ethnicity. Among individuals who received a diagnosis of poststroke depression, we estimated treatment rates by gender, race/ethnicity and age using negative binomial regression analysis.ResultsAnnual diagnosis and treatment rates for poststroke depression increased from 2003 to 2020 (both p for trend<0.001). Diagnosis rates were higher in women than men (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.55), lower among members of racial/ethnic minorities (vs white patients: Asian HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.66; Black HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.78; Hispanic HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.90) and varied by age. Among individuals diagnosed with poststroke depression, 69.8% were prescribed an antidepressant. Rates of treatment were higher in women vs men (rate ratio, RR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.21), lower among members of racial/ethnic minorities (vs white patients: Asian RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.90; Black RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.94; Hispanic RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) and higher among older patients.ConclusionsIn this insured population, we identify potential inequities in clinical management of poststroke depression by gender, race/ethnicity and age that may reflect barriers other than access to healthcare.
Developing a symptoms-based risk score for infectious syphilis among men who have sex with men
Authors: Nieuwenburg Silvia Achia , Hoornenborg Elske , Davidovich Udi , de Vries Henry John Christiaan , Schim van der Loeff Maarten 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundSyphilis incidence is rising among men who have sex with men (MSM). An online tool based on a risk score identifying men with higher risk of infectious syphilis could motivate MSM to seek care. We aimed therefore to develop a symptoms-based risk score for infectious syphilis.MethodsWe included data from all consultations by MSM attending the Amsterdam Centre for Sexual Health in 2018–2019. Infectious syphilis (ie, primary, secondary or early latent syphilis) was diagnosed according to the centre’s routine protocol. Associations between symptoms and infectious syphilis were expressed as odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Based on multivariable logistic regression models, we created risk scores, combining various symptoms. We assessed the area under the curve (AUC) and cut-off based on the Youden Index. We estimated which percentage of MSM should be tested based on a positive risk score and which percentage of infectious syphilis cases would then be missed.ResultsWe included 21,646 consultations with 11,594 unique persons. The median age was 34 years (IQR 27–45), and 14% were HIV positive (93% on antiretroviral treatment). We diagnosed 538 cases of infectious syphilis. Associations with syphilis symptoms/signs were strong and highly significant, for example, OR for a painless penile ulcer was 35.0 (CI 24.9 to 49.2) and OR for non-itching rash 57.8 (CI 36.8 to 90.9). Yet, none of the individual symptoms or signs had an AUC >0.55. The AUC of risk scores combining various symptoms varied from 0.68 to 0.69. For all risk scores using cut-offs based on Youden Index, syphilis screening would be recommended in 6% of MSM, and 59% of infectious syphilis cases would be missed.ConclusionSymptoms-based risk scores for infectious syphilis perform poorly and cannot be recommended to select MSM for syphilis screening. All MSM with relevant sexual exposure should be regularly tested for syphilis.
Extremal Binary PFAs with Small Number of States
Authors: Cambie Stijn , de Bondt Michiel , Don Henk 
Published: November 2022

The largest known reset thresholds for DFAs are equal to [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of states. This is conjectured to be the maximum possible. PFAs (with partial transition function) can have exponentially large reset thresholds. This is still true if we restrict to binary PFAs. However, asymptotics do not give conclusions for fixed [Formula: see text]. We prove that the maximal reset threshold for binary PFAs is strictly greater than [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. These results are mostly based on the analysis of synchronizing word lengths for a certain family of binary PFAs. This family has the following properties: it contains the well-known Černý automata; for [Formula: see text] it contains a binary PFA with maximal possible reset threshold; for all [Formula: see text] it contains a PFA with reset threshold larger than the maximum known for DFAs. Analysis of this family reveals remarkable patterns involving the Fibonacci numbers and related sequences such as the Padovan sequence. We derive explicit formulas for the reset thresholds in terms of these recurrent sequences. Asymptotically the Černý family gives reset thresholds of polynomial order. We prove that PFAs in the family are not extremal for [Formula: see text]. For that purpose, we present an improvement of Martyugin’s prime number construction of binary PFAs.
p-Toluenethiolate manganese(II) porphyrin complexes: Structure and spectroscopic properties
Authors: Yuan Yiwen , Zhao Jianping , Li Jianfeng 
Published: November 2022

Utilizing tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), tetratolylporphyrin (TTP), tetramesitylporphyrin (TMP), and tetra-[Formula: see text]-chlorophenylporphyrin (T[Formula: see text]ClPP) as ligands, several five-coordinate high-spin [Formula: see text]-toluenethiolate Manganese(II) complexes are isolated and studied by UV-vis, single-crystal X-ray and EPR spectroscopies. The crystal structures show noteworthy features including flexible axial [Formula: see text]-toluenethiolate ligands and intramolecular C−H[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] interactions between ligands and porphyrin planes. All four products are further studied by X-band EPR on both solid and solution states at 4 K which confirmed the [Formula: see text] = 2/5 high-spin states. Temperature-dependent EPR and measurements with different equivalents of ligands are also reported for comparison. The work provides new references for the study of the active center of P450s and the biochemical reaction between cysteine residues and heme.
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Inflammation and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Kennel Kilian B. , Bozlar Müge , De Valk Adalbert F. , Greten Florian R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTumor-associated inflammation (TAI) is a feature of essentially all cancers and can confer both tumor-promoting and -suppressive functions. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) comprise one very heterogeneous cellular component of the tumor microenvironment characterized by a high degree of plasticity. Recent single-cell sequencing analyses revealed distinct CAF populations in various human cancers and helped to define key CAF subtypes, such as myofibroblastic, inflammatory, and antigen-presenting CAFs, with the first two being present in virtually all tumors. Importantly, these three CAF populations are involved in and modulate the positive and negative consequences of TAI. The remarkable plasticity of CAFs allows them to shift phenotypically and functionally in response to environmental changes. In this review, we describe how CAFs nurture tumor-promoting inflammation and suppress adaptive immunity. We also summarize the recently emerging evidence pertaining to tumor-suppressive CAF functions in the context of TAI. Finally, we summarize therapeutic concepts that aim at modulating CAF functions or depleting immunosuppressive CAFs to synergize with immunotherapy.
Endo180 (MRC2) Antibody–Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Sarcoma
Authors: Evans Rachel J. , Perkins Douglas W. , Selfe Joanna , Kelsey Anna , Birch Gavin P. , Shipley Janet M. , Schipper Koen , Isacke Clare M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Although the 5-year survival rates for sarcoma patients have improved, the proportion of patients relapsing after first-line treatment remains high, and the survival of patients with metastatic disease is dismal. Moreover, the extensive molecular heterogeneity of the multiple different sarcoma subtypes poses a substantial challenge to developing more personalized treatment strategies. From the IHC staining of a large set of 625 human soft-tissue sarcomas, we demonstrate strong tumor cell staining of the Endo180 (MRC2) receptor in a high proportion of samples, findings echoed in gene-expression data sets showing a significantly increased expression in both soft-tissue and bone sarcomas compared with normal tissue. Endo180 is a constitutively recycling transmembrane receptor and therefore an ideal target for an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC). An anti-Endo180 monoclonal antibody conjugated to the antimitotic agent, MMAE via a cleavable linker, is rapidly internalized into target cells and trafficked to the lysosome for degradation, causing cell death specifically in Endo180-expressing sarcoma cell lines. In a sarcoma tumor xenograft model, the Endo180-vc-MMAE ADC, but not an isotype-vc-MMAE control or the unconjugated Endo180 antibody, drives on-target cytotoxicity resulting in tumor regression and a significant impairment of metastatic colonization of the lungs, liver and lymph nodes. These data, together with the lack of a phenotype in mice with an Mrc2 genetic deletion, provide preclinical proof-of-principle evidence for the future development of an Endo180-ADC as a therapeutic strategy in a broad range of sarcoma subtypes and, importantly, with potential impact both on the primary tumor and in metastatic disease.
Retinoblastoma Expression and Targeting by CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wildey Gary , Shay Ashley M. , McColl Karen S. , Yoon Suzy , Shatat Mohammad A. , Perwez Ahmad , Spainhower Kyle B. , Kresak Adam M. , Lipka MaryBeth , Yang Michael , Behtaj Mohadese , Fu Pingfu , Alahmadi Asrar , Mneimneh Wadad , Abbas Ata , Dowlati Afshin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The canonical model of “small cell lung cancer” (SCLC) depicts tumors arising from dual inactivation of TP53 and RB1. However, many genomic studies have persistently identified tumors with no RB1 mutations. Here, we examined RB1 protein expression and function in SCLC. RB1 expression was examined by IHC analysis of 62 human SCLC tumors. These studies showed that ∼14% of SCLC tumors expressed abundant RB1 protein, which is associated with neuroendocrine gene expression and is enriched in YAP1 expression, but no other lineage proteins that stratify SCLC. SCLC cells and xenograft tumors with RB1 protein expression were sensitive to growth inhibition by the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, and this inhibition was shown to be dependent on RB1 expression by CRISPR knockout. Furthermore, a patient with biopsy-validated wild-type RB1 SCLC who received the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib demonstrated a dramatic decrease in mutant TP53 ctDNA allelic fraction from 62.1% to 0.4% and decreased tumor mass on CT scans. Importantly, IHC of the diagnostic biopsy specimen showed RB1 positivity. Finally, we identified a transcriptomics-based RB1 loss-of-function signature that discriminates between SCLC cells with or without RB1 protein expression and validated it in the patient who was responsive to abemaciclib, suggesting its potential use to predict CDK4/6 inhibitor response in patients with SCLC. Our study demonstrates that RB1 protein is an actionable target in a subgroup of SCLC, a cancer that exhibits no currently targetable mutations.
Epistolary Affects: An Introduction
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This introduction briefly describes the affectively charged materiality of ancient letters, including Paul’s, then situates the articles in this special issue in relation to current trends in scholarship on affect and emotion in Paul. Mapping this diverse scholarship by surveying its orientation toward history and the body, it asks which conventional assumptions of Pauline scholarship these approaches disrupt, and which they leave intact.
Pentecostal Conceptions of Warfare Prayer among the Yoruba in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyelade Olufikayo Kunle , Omobowale Ayokunle Olumuyiwa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Warfare prayer is a common ritual practice among Yoruba Pentecostal adherents in southwestern Nigeria. It entails visualization of a supposed enemy or battle and the utilization of warfare prayers, songs, and Bible verses to supposedly neutralize opposing forces. In fact, scholars have established that the continued growth of Pentecostalism and the proliferation of Pentecostal churches in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria, includes its feature of warfare prayer deployment. This study examines the Pentecostal conceptions of warfare prayer among the Yoruba in southwestern Nigeria. The study is basically qualitative, with data collected from branches of four purposively selected indigenous Pentecostal churches. Findings have revealed that warfare prayer is associated with the Yoruba belief system that attributes the so-called ‘spiritual diabolical’ and their human agents with incapacitating capabilities, resulting in devastating effects on victims. Yoruba Pentecostals believe that such diabolical forces can only be vanquished by warfare prayers.
The Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Scovazzi Tullio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As stated in the 2001 Siracusa Declaration on the Submarine Cultural Heritage in the Mediterranean Sea, this sea is unique in that it embodies the common historical and cultural roots of many civilizations. Most Mediterranean States are parties to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, which provides a remedy to the dubious regime established by Article 303, paragraph 3, of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. According to the English official text, this provision, which gives priority to admiralty law, could be understood as an invitation to the looting of underwater cultural heritage. However, Mediterranean States seem rather slow in addressing the matter in a constructive way, despite the existing dangers, as demonstrated by the four expeditions undertaken by Mr Ballard in the area between Italy and Tunisia; the removal of the Victorious Youth statue; and the dispute over the shipwreck of the liner Ancona. The Mediterranean States have not yet negotiated a regional treaty and only recently have they resorted to the cooperation mechanism provided by the 2001 Convention in order to create a coordination committee composed of eight States that will manage the protection of underwater cultural heritage on the Skerki Bank site.
The Mediterranean Sea Between Legend and Crime: The Tricky Question of Jurisdiction for Mediterranean States
Authors: Magi Laura 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
How have Mediterranean States been combating unlawful activities carried out on the high seas? Can international rules on enforcement and adjudicative jurisdiction help coastal States to meet this challenge? This contribution attempts to answer these questions with reference to the jurisprudence of the supreme courts of Italy and Spain. The analysis identifies a common attempt by both courts to expand the jurisdiction of domestic tribunals in cases of smuggling of migrants and trafficking of drugs by adopting expansive interpretations of domestic and international law rules.
The Treaty of Quirinale between Italy and France
Authors: Ronzitti Natalino 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
On 26 November 2021, France and Italy signed a Treaty on enhanced cooperation, currently named the Treaty of Quirinale after the residence of the President of the Italian Republic, where the ceremony of signature was held, echoing the Treaty of the Elysée between France and Germany signed by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer. However, the Treaty of Quirinale is not aimed at ending any secular conflict like that between France and Germany, which was supplemented by the Aachen Treaty (2019). The French-Italian Treaty is more of a proclamation than a document endowed with rights and duties. The obligatory provisions are mainly those aimed at organising cooperation between the two countries with the establishment of new institutions or enabling the presence of each country in the other’s relevant existing institutions. The cooperation invests the main political sectors of the administration, such as foreign policy, defence, economic and social development, European integration, cultural affairs and neighbour relations. There is not a coordination between the Quirinale Treaty and the Elysée/Aachen Treaty. In case of different views (for instance on the reform of the United Nations Security Council), diplomacy should find the proper solution.
State Immunity, Delegation of Public Powers to Private Actors and Access to Justice: Anything New Under the (European) Sun?
Authors: Spagnolo Andrea 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two recent judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Corte di Cassazione added further elements to the current debate on the limits to State immunity. The peculiarities of the facts of the two cases – which relate to the same events – brought the two courts to revisit the current state of play of international law vis-à-vis State immunity with respect to the delegation of public powers to private actors and the right of access to justice. In the present contribution, it is argued that these decisions might contribute to the evolution of customary international law on State immunity, paving the way for a more restrictive interpretation of the rule, at least at the European level.