bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Analysis on Using Airflow through a Porous Medium as Coolant of Photovoltaic Module; An Experimental Research
Authors: Firoozzadeh Mohammad , Shiravi Amir Hossein , Hodaei Sahar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The global energy crisis has convinced all governments to invest more in the use of renewable and sustainable energy sources. To achieve this goal, solar energy is more attractive due to its accessibility in most parts of the earth. Photovoltaic (PV) modules are used to convert sunlight into electricity. This technology has an important drawback, as the increase in PV cell temperature significantly reduces its electrical efficiency. This article provides a solution to overcome this issue to some extent. In this regard, the effects of using both porous media and wind stream are evaluated, experimentally. Three different thicknesses of aluminum porous medium 0.5, 2 and 4 cm are investigated with and without wind blowing at 2 km/h. The results indicate that the proposed cases pull down the module temperature between 3.9 ̊C to 18.3 ̊C. From energy point of view, when the 4 cm porous medium is used, 2.7% and 6.6% enhancement are attained in electrical efficiency and output power, respectively. The second law of thermodynamics was also applied and the maximum drop of 8.3% in entropy generation was calculated. The last part of this paper reports an overall comparison of the present results with those of other similar experimental papers.
The adjusted impact of different severities of acute exacerbations and medications on the risk of suffering dementia in COPD patients
Authors: Chia Kuo-Hua , Chang Yao-Yuan , Chen Tren-Yi , Hsieh Pei-You , Huang Cheng-Chieh , Lee Tsung-Han , Chen Cheng Hsu , Chen Wen-Liang , Chou Chu-Chung , Lin Yan-Ren 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Although a relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and dementia has been reported, the initial severity upon emergency department (ED) visits and the medications used (for COPD) are not well evaluated as risk factors for increasing (or decreasing) dementia occurrence. We aimed to analyze the impact of different severities of COPD acute exacerbations (AEs) and different medications on the risk of suffering dementia in COPD patients.Method: This study was a 5-year follow-up of the Taiwanese government deidentified health-care database (from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2010). The study group included 51,318 patients who were diagnosed with COPD and 51,318 matched (in terms of age, sex, and the number of hospital visits) non-COPD patients from the remaining patients as the control group. Each patient was followed up for 5 years to analyze the risk of dementia with Cox regression analysis. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, medications (antibiotics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids), and the severity upon initial ED visit (only ED treatment, hospital admission, or ICU admission) were all considered confounding factors between the two groups.Results: Among the study and control groups, 1,025 (2.0%) and 423 (0.8%) patients suffered from dementia, respectively. The unadjusted HR for dementia was 2.51 (95% CI: 2.24-2.81) in the study group. Bronchodilator treatments obviously decreased the HRs, especially in those who received long-term (>1 month) treatment (HR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.91-2.45). Furthermore, among 3,451 COPD AE patients who initially visited the and ED, patients who required ICU admission (n=164, 4.7%) were at a very high risk of dementia occurrence (HR=11.05, 95% CI: 7.77-15.71).Conclusion: Long-term bronchodilator administration was associated with a decreased risk of suffering dementia. More importantly, patients who suffered COPD AEs and initially visited the ED and required ICU admission were at a very high risk of developing dementia.
A comparative study of midstream urine culture and stone culture in patients undergoing ureteroscopic stone removal
Authors: Godse Sugam , Mahabadi Mohammadjavad Ashrafi , Kumar Anuj 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to see the correlation between urine and stone cultures in individuals who had ureteroscopic stone removal.
Methods
This is a prospective comparative observational study of patients who had ureteroscopic stone removal from September 2019 to March 2021. A total of 50 patients were included in our study. Midstream urine sample was collected 7 days before surgery and sent for culture, stone collected during surgery were also sent for culture. The association between preoperative urine culture and intraoperative stone culture, as well as the bacterial flora in both cultures, was investigated.
Results
64% of patients were males, and 36% were females.16% of patients had positive urine culture compared to 42% positive stone culture.12% of patients were positive for both stone and urine culture. Only 4% of the time, the bacteriological investigation revealed the same pathogen. E. coli was the most common pathogen in urine culture, while enterobacter was the commonest organism in stone culture. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy of urine culture versus stone culture were calculated to be 28.57 percent, 93.10 percent, 75 percent, 64.28 percent, and 66 percent, respectively.
Conclusions
Pre-operative urine cultures have a low predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for infective organisms in ureteric stones. As a result, stone culture should be incorporated into standard procedures for stone removal during endourological surgery.
SecureFed: Federated learning empowered medical imaging technique to detect COVID-19 using chest x-rays
Authors: Makkar Aaisha , Santosh KC 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Machine learning is an effective and accurate technique to diagnose COVID-19 infections using image data, and chest X-Ray (CXR) is no exception. Considering privacy issues, machine learning scientists end up receiving less medical imaging data. Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving distributed machine learning paradigm that generates an unbiased global model that follows local model (from clients) without exposing their personal data. In case of heterogeneous data among clients, vanilla or default FL mechanism still introduces an insecure method for updating models. Therefore, we proposed SecureFed – a secure aggregation method – which ensures the fairness and the robustness. In our experiments, we employed COVID-19 CXR dataset (of size 2100 positive cases) and compared with the existing FL frameworks such as FedAvg, FedMGDA+, and FedRAD. In our comparison, we primarily considered robustness (accuracy) and fairness (consistency). As the SecureFed produced consistently better results, it is generic enough to be considered for multimodal data.
Hippocampal mechanisms of false recall
Authors: Herz Noa , Bukala Bernard , Kragel James , Kahana Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Failure of contextual retrieval can lead to false recall, wherein people retrieve an item or experience that occurred in a different context, or did not occur at all. Whereas the hippocampus is thought to play a crucial role in contextually-mediated retrieval, the neural process leading to false recalls is not yet understood. Using direct electrical recordings from the human hippocampus, we investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the false recall phenomenon. In two large datasets, we characterize key physiological differences between correct and false recalls, emerging immediately prior to vocalization. By differentiating between false recalls that share high or low contextual similarity with the target context, we identify the neural process underlying retrieval of item-context associations. Applying multivariate decoding methods, we were able to reliably predict whether the to-be-recalled item would be a veridical or false memory. Our findings provide a mechanistic insight into the process of retrieving context-bound memories, and open new avenues for interventions aimed at reducing false recalls when those lead to functional impairment.
Effects of Nonnutritive Sweeteners on Body Composition Changes during Pubertal Growth
Authors: Chien Yu-Hsin , Chen Yang-Ching 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background/Objectives: The effects of consuming specific types of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on adiposity changes for children remained unexplored. We aim to investigate the effects of different kinds of NNSs intake on long-term adiposity changes during pubertal growth. Furthermore, we examine the above relationships among different sex, pubertal stages, and levels of obesity.Subjects/Methods: The 1893 adolescents aged 6–15 years old were recruited and were followed-up every 3 months. The NNS-FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire) and urine samples were collected to investigate the sweeteners, including acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, glycyrrhizin, steviol glycosides, and sorbitol. Multivariate linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the relationship between NNS intake and body composition.Results: The consumption of aspartame, sucralose, glycyrrhizin, stevioside, and sorbitol were associated with decreased fat mass and increased fat-free mass. Particularly, aspartame and sorbitol revealed a dose-responsiveness effect. The above finding was more prominent among girls than boys. Moreover, the fat mass was significantly reduced in normal-weight children who consumed a moderate amount of aspartame, a large amount of glycyrrhizin, and sorbitol, compared with obese children. Conclusions: NNS-specific and sex-specific effects of long-term NNS consumption revealed a decreasing fat mass and increasing fat-free mass for children undergoing pubertal growth.
p/n-Type Polymeric Ionic Gels with Stretchability, Thermal Stability, and Operability in Ambient Environments for Thermoelectrics
Authors: Kim Sungryong , Ham Mirim , Lee Junwoo , Kim Jungsu , Lee Hyunjung , Park Taiho 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although ionic hydrogels have been developed recently for innovative wearable electronics, they necessitate high humidity to diffuse ions in water, which negatively impacts their performance in harsh conditions (e.g., high temperature and dry environments). In this study, a series of p- and n-type polymeric ionic gels (PIGs) with different ratios of ionic side chains are synthesized to allow only single-type ions to pass through them. The results demonstrate that our stretchable PIGs are transparent, thermally robust up to 125°C, and self-healing. Among the series of PIGs, p- and n-type PIGs with 75% ion moieties (P75 and N75) exhibit the optimum ionic conductivity (4.1×10− 4 and 2.7×10− 4 S cm-1) and ionic Seebeck coefficients (5.84, and − 4.18 mV K-1) under ambient conditions (25°C and RH of 30%), resulting in ZTi values of 1.87×10− 3 and 1.18×10− 3. Accordingly, P(([EMIM+][SPA])0.75-r-MA0.25) (P75) and P(([APTA][TFSI-])0.75-r-MA0.25) (N75) are used to achieve stretchable thermoelectric energy generators (TEGs) with stable operability under ambient conditions (RH of 30%), satisfying all of the requirements. TEGs with five pairs of p/n couples exhibit a thermovoltage of up to ~ 0.8 V.
Square cavity flow driven by two mutually facing sliding walls
Authors: An Bo , Bergada Josep M. , Sang Weimin , Li Dong , Mellibovsky Fernando 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the flow inside a two dimensional square cavity driven by the motion of two mutually facing walls independently sliding at different speeds. The exploration, which employs the lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), extends on previous studies [1–3] that had the two lids moving with the exact same speed in opposite directions. Unlike, there, here the flow is governed by two Reynolds numbers\((R{e_T},R{e_B})\)associated to the velocities of the two moving walls. For convenience, we define a bulk Reynolds number (\(Re=\sqrt {R{e_T}^{{\text{2}}}{\text{+}}R{e_B}^{{\text{2}}}}\)) and quantify the driving velocity asymmetry by a parameter\(\alpha ={\text{atan2}}(R{e_B},{\text{ }}R{e_T})\). The parameter\(\alpha\)has been defined in the range \(\alpha \in [ - {\pi \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {\pi 4}} \right. \kern-0pt} 4},0]\) and a systematic sweep in Reynolds number has been undertaken to unfold the transitional dynamics path of the two-sided wall-driven cavity flow. In particular, the critical Reynolds numbers for Hopf and Neimark-Scaker bifurcations have been determined as a function of \(\alpha\). The eventual advent of chaotic dynamics and the symmetry properties of the intervening solutions are also analysed and discussed. The paper unfolds for the first time the full bifurcation scenario as a function of the two Reynolds numbers, and reveals the different flow topologies found along the transitional path.
Evaluation of the chinaberry extract against the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Merick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in vitro
Authors: Rasouli Fatemeh , Abbasipour Habib , Rezazadeh Alireza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The tomato leaf miner (TLM),Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a important pest on tomato, potato and other Solanaceous with a huge economic importance. The discovery of active compounds that are less persistent will be beneficial to both the environment and agricultural product consumers. Management of the pest can be problematic, especially when the infestation pressure is high. In the current study, contact toxicity of the hexane extract from the chinaberry tree,Melia azedarachL. (MA) fresh fruit on the developmental stage of egg, the 2nd larval instars and pupae ofT. absolutawere evaluated in the laboratory condition, 27 ± 2oC, 65 ± 5% RH and 16L:8D hours photoperiods. Results indicated that with increasing the concentration of the extract, mortality of eggs, larvae and pupae also increased. Analysis of probit data showed that LC50for MA extract in egg, 2nd instar larvae and pupae were 948.93, 346.72 and 1.75 µl/ml, respectively. The results showed that this extract has a high potential for controllingT. absolutain open and closed environments and is recommended to protect the environment and users' health.
Molecular surveillance of artemisinin resistance-related pfK13 and pfcrt polymorphisms in imported Plasmodium falciparum isolates reported in eastern China from 2015–2019
Authors: Kong Xiangli , Feng Jun , Xu Yan , Yan Ge , Zhou Shuisen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) was recommended as the first line drugs by the World Health Organization to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum. However, the emergence and spread of P. falciparum resistant to artemisinins and their partner drugs is a significant risk for the global effort to reduce disease burden facing the world.
Method
A retrospective study was conducted to explore the prevalence and spatial distribution of pfK13 and pfcrt polymorphisms among imported P. falciparum isolates in years 2015–2019 in Shandong Province in eastern China. Individual epidemiological information was collected from a web-based reporting system were reviewed and analysed.
Results
A total of 425 P. falciparum blood samples in 2015–2019 were included and we found that 7.3% (31/425) carried pfK13 mutations. Out of the isolates that carried K13 mutations, 54.8% (17/31) were nonsynonymous polymorphisms. The mutant allele A578S, Q613H, C469C, and S549S in pfK13 were the more frequently detected allele, the mutation rate was the same as 0.7% (3/425). Another allele pfK13C580Y, closely associated with artemisinin (ART) resistance, was found as 0.5% (2/425), which was found in Cambodia. About 45.2% (14/31) of the P. falciparum isolates had pfK13 mutations resembled those from Western Africa. For the pfcrt gene, T76T356 and T76 were more frequent in all 13 different haplotypes with 4.7% (20/425) and 4.2% (18/425) that identified in 77 isolates (18.1%, 77/425). The CVIET and CVIKT mutant at loci 72–76 have exhibited a prevalence of 3.5% and 0.7%, respectively. The CVIET were mainly distributed in Congo (5.2%, 4/77) and Mozambique (5.2%, 4/77). No mutations were found at loci 97, 101 and 145. For polymorphisms at locus 356, a total of 24 isolates were identified and mainly from Congo (29.2%, 7/24).
Conclusion
These findings indicate a low prevalence of pfK13 in the African isolates, while the mutations related to piperaquine (PPQ) resistance remain at a certain level. Therefore, continuous molecular surveillance of pfcrt mutations and in vitro susceptibility tests related to PPQ are necessary.
A Raspberry Pi Based Hardware Implementations of Various Neuron Models
Authors: Yucedag Vedat Burak , Dalkiran Ilker 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The implementation of biological neuron models plays an important role to understand brain functionality and robotic applications. Analog and digital methods are preferred during implementation processes. The Raspberry Pi (RPi) microcontroller/microprocessor has the potential to be a new platform that can easily solve complex mathematical operations, does not have memory limitations, which will take advantage while realizing biological neuron models. In this paper, Hodgkin-Huxley (HH), FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN), Morris-Lecar (ML), Hindmarsh-Rose (HR), and Izhikevich (IZ) neuron models, which are the most popular in the literature, have been both implemented on a standard equipped RPi and simulated on MATLAB. For the numerical solution of each neuron model, the one-step method (4th Runge-Kutta (RK4), the new version of Runge-Kutta (RKN)), the multi-step method (Adams-Bashforth (AB), Adams-Moulton (AM)), and predictor-corrector method (Adams-Bashforth-Moulton (ABM)) are preferred to compare results. The implementation of HH, ML, FHN, HR, and IZ neuron models on RPi and the comparison of RK4, RKN, AB, AM and ABM numerical methods in the implementation of neuron models were made for the first time in this study. Firstly, MATLAB simulations of the various behaviours which belong to HH, ML, FHN, HR, and IZ neuron models were completed. Then those models were realized on RPi and the outputs of the models are experimentally produced. The error values between the simulation and implementation results were calculated and also presented in the tables. The experimental results show that RPi can be considered as a new tool to realize complex neuron models.
Multi-omics regulatory networks reveal the key driver genes in the development of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Shenghua , Liu Jiachen , Yu Zhaomei , Qiu Xiaorui , Jiang Rundong , Li Weizheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) onset is a complex, organized biological process with multilevel regulation, and its physiopathological mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to find out the hub genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of T2D through multi-omics analysis.MethodsThe datasets used in the experiments com-prise three groups: (1) genomic (2) transcriptomic, and (3) epigenomic categories. Then, a series of bioinformatics technologies including Marker set enrichment analysis (MSEA), weighted key driver analysis (wKDA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed to identify hub genes. The hub genes were further verified by the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The multi-omics network was applied to four databases (the Pharmomics pipeline in Mergeomics, Connectivity Map, the Drug Gene Interaction Database, and the L1000 Fireworks Display) to identify drug candidates for T2D treatment. Then, we used the drug-gene interaction network STITCH to conduct network pharmacological analysis.Results MSEA revealed a significant enrichment of immune-related activities and glucose metabolism. Ten hub genes ( PSMB9, COL1A1, COL4A1, HLA-DQB1, COL3A1, IRF7, COL5A1, CD74, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DRB1 ) were selected by Cytoscape. Among these, COL5A1, IRF7, CD74 , and HLA-DRB1 were verified to have the capability to diagnose T2D, and expression levels of PSMB9 and CD74 had significantly higher in T2D patients. We further predict the transcription factor (TF) binding specificity of hub gene. Besides, based on multi-omics networks, 19 compounds are considered to possess T2D-control potential, such as VX-702. The results of network pharmacological analysis show that VX-702 may affect the IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways, thereby influencing the development of T2D. ﻿Conclusions We identified PSMB9 and CD74 as hub genes of T2D based on MSEA, wKDA, and PPI network analysis, which have provided insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms and promising therapeutic perspective of T2D.
Simultaneous photoautotrophic production of DHA and EPA by Tisochrysis lutea and Microchloropsis salina in co-culture
Authors: Thurn Anna-Lena , Stock Anna , Gerwald Sebastian , Weuster-Botz Dirk 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Marine microalgae have received much attention as a sustainable source of the two health beneficial omega-3-fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5). However, photoautotrophic monocultures of microalgae can only produce either DHA or EPA enriched biomass. An alternative may be the photoautotrophic co-cultivation of Tisochrysis lutea as DHA-producer with Microchloropsis salina for simultaneous EPA production to obtain EPA- and DHA-rich microalgae biomass in a nutritionally balanced ratio. Photoautotrophic co-cultivation processes of T. lutea and M. salina were studied, applying scalable and fully controlled lab-scale gas-lift flat-plate photobioreactors with LED illumination for dynamic climate simulation of a repeated sunny summer day in Australia (day-night cycles of incident light (PAR) and temperature). Monocultures of both marine microalgae were used as reference batch processes. Differences in the autofluorescence of both microalgae enabled the individual measurement, of cell distributions in co-culture, by flow cytometry. The co-cultivation of T. lutea and M. salina in artificial sea water with an inoculation ratio of 1:3 resulted in a balanced biomass production of both microalgae simultaneously with a DHA:EPA ratio of almost 1:1 (26 mgDHA gCDW−1, and 23 mgEPA gCDW−1, respectively) at harvest after depletion of the initially added fertilizer. Surprisingly, more microalgae biomass was produced within 8 days in co-cultivation with an increase in the cell dry weight (CDW) concentration by 31%, compared to the monocultures with the same amount of light and fertilizer. What is more, DHA-content of the microalgae biomass was enhanced by 33% in the co-culture, whereas EPA-content remained unchanged compared to the monocultures.