bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of eHealth interventions targeted to improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shin Jinhee , Jang Jiyoon , Afaya Agani 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionMedication adherence is a vital component of successful healthcare, yet poor adherence exists, especially in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, this study seeks to conduct a systematic review of eHealth-based interventions aimed at improving medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.Methods and analysisAn open electronic database search will be conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane library to identify potential studies till 2022. Two authors will independently screen the titles and abstracts, after which studies that will be eligible for full-text review will be independently assessed by two reviewers for inclusion. Studies will be selected if they evaluate eHealth interventions aiming to improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Data will be analysed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software V.3 and Review Manager (RevMan) software V.5. The authors will separately analyse each outcome measure, compute intervention effects and present them as relative risks with 95% CIs for dichotomous data. Continuous data will be presented as mean differences and standardised mean differences (if required) with 95% CIs. If substantive statistical heterogeneity is identified, we will consider the use of random-effects models that can be incorporated into the statistical analysis. We envisage that this review will adduce evidence on eHealth interventions that will improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The findings can also inform health professionals and other relevant stakeholders on current eHealth-based interventions that are used to improve medication adherence among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for systematic reviews. Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and at conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021268665.
Cohort study protocol of the Brazilian collaborative research network on COVID-19: strengthening WHO global data
Authors: Anschau Fernando , Aredes Natália Del' Angelo , Reveiz Ludovic , Padilla Monica , Gomes Rosane de Mendonça , Carvalho Wellington Mendes , Leles Fernando Antonio Gomes , Reese Fernanda Baeumle , Hubert André Hostílio , Kemper Elisandréa Sguario , de Souza Renilson Rehem , Salviano Cristiane Feitosa , e Silva Hevelin Silveira , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Gatto Giuseppe Cesare , de Morais Rafael Freitas , Alegre Leonardo Nunes , Padilha dos Reis Rodrigo Citton , dos Santos Neto Joaquim Francisco , Garbini Andresa Fontoura , Purper César Perdomo , dos Santos Veridiana Baldon , Charão de Almeida Rafaela dos Santos , Donida Bruna , Bitencourt Rogério Farias , Kopittke Luciane , dos Santos Fernanda Costa , Lutkmeier Raquel , Carazai Daniela dos Reis , Reis Virgínia Angélica Silveira , Deulefeu Flávio Clemente , Severino Fernanda Gadelha , da Costa Neto José Gustavo , Carvalho Nirvania do Vale , de Andrade André Jamson Rocha , Teixeira Adriana Melo , Braga Neto Olavo , Muller Gabriel Cardozo , Kuchenbecker Ricardo de Souza 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionWith the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals in low-income countries were faced with a triple challenge. First, a large number of patients required hospitalisation because of the infection’s more severe symptoms. Second, there was a lack of systematic and broad testing policies for early identification of cases. Third, there were weaknesses in the integration of information systems, which led to the need to search for available information from the hospital information systems. Accordingly, it is also important to state that relevant aspects of COVID-19’s natural history had not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this research protocol is to present the strategies of a Brazilian network of hospitals to perform systematised data collection on COVID-19 through the WHO platform.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre project among Brazilian hospitals to provide data on COVID-19 through the WHO global platform, which integrates patient care information from different countries. From October 2020 to March 2021, a committee worked on defining a flowchart for this platform, specifying the variables of interest, data extraction standardisation and analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Research Coordinating Center of Brazil (CEP of the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao), on 29 January 2021, under approval No. 4.515.519 and by the National Research Ethics Commission (CONEP), on 5 February 2021, under approval No. 4.526.456. The project results will be explained in WHO reports and published in international peer-reviewed journals, and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study.
Adherence to stay-at-home orders: awareness, implementation and difficulties of officially ordered quarantine measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Cologne – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Book Julian , Broichhaus Lukas , Grüne Barbara , Nießen Johannes , Wiesmüller Gerhard A , Joisten Christine , Kossow Annelene 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesTo estimate the awareness, implementation and difficulty of behavioural recommendations and their correlates in officially ordered domestic isolation and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignOnline retrospective cohort survey conducted from 12 December 2020 to 6 January 2021 as part of the Cologne–Corona Counselling and Support for Index and Contact Persons During the Quarantine Period study.SettingAdministrative area of the city of Cologne, Germany.Participants3011 infected persons (IPs) and 5822 contacts over 16 years of age who were in officially ordered domestic isolation or quarantine between 28 February 2020 and 9 December 2020. Of these, 60.4% were women.Outcome measuresSelf-developed scores were calculated based on responses about awareness and implementation of 19 behavioural recommendations to determine community-based and household-based adherence. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing adherence.ResultsThe average adherence to all recommendations, including staying in a single room, keeping distance and wearing a mask, was 13.8±2.4 out of 15 points for community-based recommendations (CBRs) and 17.2±6.8 out of 25 points for household-based recommendations (HBRs). IPs were significantly more adherent to CBRs (14.3±2.0 points vs 13.7±2.6 points, p<0.001) and HBRs (18.2±6.7 points vs 16.5±6.8 points, p<0.001) than were contact persons. Among other factors, both status as an IP and being informed about the measures positively influenced participants’ adherence. The linear regression analysis explained 6.6% and 14.4% (corr. R²) of the adherence to CBRs and HBRs.ConclusionsNot all persons under official quarantine were aware of the relevant behavioural recommendations. This was especially true in cases where instructions were given for measures to be taken in one’s own household. Due to the high transmission rates within households, HBRs should be communicated with particular emphasis.
Observational cross-sectional study of the association of poor broadband provision with demographic and health outcomes: the Wolverhampton Digital ENablement (WODEN) programme
Authors: Philp Fraser , Faux-Nightingale Alice , Bateman James , Clark Heather , Johnson Oliver , Klaire Vijay , Nevill Alan , Parry Emma , Warren Kate , Pandyan Anand , Singh Baldev M 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe association between impaired digital provision, access and health outcomes has not been systematically studied. The Wolverhampton Digital ENablement programme (WODEN) is a multiagency collaborative approach to determine and address digital factors that may impact on health and social care in a single deprived multiethnic health economy. The objective of this study is to determine the association between measurable broadband provision and demographic and health outcomes in a defined population.DesignAn observational cross-sectional whole local population-level study with cohorts defined according to broadband provision.Setting/participantsData for all residents of the City of Wolverhampton, totalling 269 785 residents.Primary outcomesPoor broadband provision is associated with variation in demographics and with increased comorbidity and urgent care needs.ResultsBroadband provision was measured using the Broadband Infrastructure Index (BII) in 158 City localities housing a total of 269 785 residents. Lower broadband provision as determined by BII was associated with younger age (p<0.001), white ethnic status (p<0.001), lesser deprivation as measured by Index of Multiple Deprivation (p<0.001), a higher number of health comorbidities (p<0.001) and more non-elective urgent events over 12 months (p<0.001).ConclusionLocal municipal and health authorities are advised to consider the variations in broadband provision within their locality and determine equal distribution both on a geographical basis but also against demographic, health and social data to determine equitable distribution as a platform for equitable access to digital resources for their residents.
Therapeutic metformin concentrations positively regulate proliferation in endometrial epithelial cells via mTOR activation and augmented mitochondrial strength
Authors: Imran M. , Sachdeva Geetanjali , Menon Shyla , Das Dhanjit , Davuluri Sravanthi , Acharya Kshitish , Chaudhari Uddhav 
Published: November 2022

Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has recently been repositioned in the treatment of several nondiabetic disorders, including reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, where it improves endometrial functions. In vitro studies employing supratherapeutic concentrations (5–20 mmol/L) of metformin have reported antiproliferative effects on endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. However, animal and human studies have revealed that therapeutic serum concentrations of metformin range between 20 and 70 µmol/L. In the present study, the effect of therapeutic concentrations of metformin was studied on endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Therapeutic concentrations of metformin induced proliferation in Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells. The proliferation of EECs was found to be mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dependent. Interestingly, therapeutic metformin concentrations were not able to activate the classical AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. On the contrary, supratherapeutic metformin concentration (10 mmol/L) inhibited mTOR and activated AMPK signaling. Microarray analysis of metformin-treated HEC-1A cells revealed dose-dependent differential effects on biological pathways associated with translation, ribosomal RNA processing, mitochondrial translation, and cell proliferation. Therapeutic concentrations of metformin upregulated mitochondrial number as demonstrated by increased MitoTracker™ Red staining and enhanced succinate dehydrogenase expression; however, higher concentration (10 mmol/L) abrogated the same. Our results suggest that therapeutic concentrations of metformin augment mitochondrial strength and induce mTOR-dependent endometrial cell proliferation.
Communicating Missing Causal Information to Explain a Robot’s Past Behavior
Authors: Han Zhao , Yanco Holly 
Published: November 2022

Robots need to explain their behavior to gain trust. Existing research has focused on explaining a robot’s current behavior, yet it remains unknown yet challenging how to provide explanations of past actions in an environment that might change after a robot’s actions, leading to critical missing causal information due to moved objects.
We conducted an experiment (N = 665) investigating how a robot could help participants infer the missing causal information by replaying the past behavior physically, using verbal explanations, and projecting visual information onto the environment. Participants watched videos of the robot replaying its completion of an integrated mobile kitting task. During the replay, the objects are already gone, so participants needed to infer where an object was picked, where a ground obstacle had been, and where the object was placed.
Based on the results, we recommend combining physical replay with speech and projection indicators (Replay-Project-Say) to help infer all the missing causal information (picking, navigation, and placement) from the robot’s past actions. This condition had the best outcome in both task-based—effectiveness, efficiency, and confidence—and team-based metrics—workload and trust. If one’s focus is efficiency, then we recommend projection markers for navigation inferences and verbal markers for placing inferences.
Predicting Postallogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Glucose Intolerance: The Role of CT-based Body Composition
Authors: Giri Smith , Williams Grant R. 
Published: November 2022

The description of methodologic approaches to quantifying skeletal muscle and adipose tissue compartments using routinely obtained CT images among patients with cancer have reinvigorated the field of body composition research in this population. In the accompanying article, Bhandari and colleagues demonstrate yet another application of body composition measurement in oncology; identification of glucose intolerance shortly after undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation among adults with myeloid neoplasms. The authors were able to show that skeletal muscle mass and visceral adipose tissue were associated with an increased risk of incident dysglycemia within 30 days of transplantation. This article further supports the growing evidence that body composition measures can provide clinically meaningful information in oncology allowing identification of individuals at risk of a variety of adverse events during cancer therapy.
See related article by Bhandari et al., p. 2004
Race and Ancestry in Immune Response to Breast Cancer
Authors: Hamilton Alina M. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: November 2022

Summary:
Martini and colleagues performed genetic ancestry estimation on a unique international triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) study enriched for participants with African ancestry. They identified gene signatures indicative of ancestry in race-associated TNBC and found ancestry-associated immunologic differences that may contribute to racial disparities in breast cancer.
See related article by Martini et al., p. 2530 (5).
A Miniaturized Screening Platform to Identify Novel Regulators of Extracellular Matrix Alignment
Authors: Jones Caitlin E. , Sharick Joe T. , Sizemore Steven T. , Cukierman Edna , Strohecker Anne Marie , Leight Jennifer L. 
Published: November 2022

Extracellular matrix (ECM) alignment contributes to metastasis in a number of cancers and is a known prognostic stromal factor; however, the mechanisms controlling matrix organization remain unclear. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical role in this process, particularly via matrix production and modulation of key signaling pathways controlling cell adhesion and contractility. Stroma normalization, as opposed to elimination, is a highly sought strategy, and screening for drugs that effectively alter ECM alignment is a practical way to identify novel CAF-normalizing targets that modulate ECM organization. To meet this need, we developed a novel high-throughput screening platform in which fibroblast-derived matrices were produced in 384-well plates, imaged with automated confocal microscopy, and analyzed using a customized MATLAB script. This platform is a technical advance because it miniaturizes the assay, eliminates costly and time-consuming experimental steps, and streamlines data acquisition and analysis to enable high-throughput screening applications. As a proof of concept, this platform was used to screen a kinase inhibitor library to identify modulators of matrix alignment. A number of novel potential regulators were identified, including several receptor tyrosine kinases [c-MET, tropomyosin receptor kinase 1 (NTRK1), HER2/ERBB2] and the serine/threonine kinases protein kinase A, C, and G. The expression of these regulators was analyzed in publicly available patient datasets to examine the association between stromal gene expression and patient outcomes.Significance:ECM fiber organization and alignment contribute to metastasis in a number of cancers and are a known prognostic stromal factor; however, the mechanisms controlling matrix organization remain unclear. Here, a high-throughput assay was developed to enable discovery-based screening for an in vitro ECM fiber alignment assay. As proof of concept, this platform was used to screen a kinase inhibitor library and identified several novel modulators of matrix alignment.
The Effects of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition on Major Coronary Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the PARADISE-MI Trial
Authors: Mehran Roxana , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Pfeffer Marc A. , Jering Karola , Claggett Brian , Lewis Eldrin F. , Granger Christopher , Køber Lars , Maggioni Aldo , Mann Douglas L. , McMurray John J.V. , Rouleau Jean-Lucien , Solomon Scott D. , Ducrocq Gregory , Berwanger Otavio , De Pasquale Carmine G. , Landmesser Ulf , Petrie Mark , Leng David Sim Kheng , van der Meer Peter , Lefkowitz Martin , Zhou Yinong , Braunwald Eugene 
Published: November 2022

Background:
In patients who survive an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors decrease the risk of subsequent major cardiovascular events. Whether angiotensin-receptor blockade and neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan reduce major coronary events more effectively than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in high-risk patients with recent AMI remains unknown. We aimed to compare the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on coronary outcomes in patients with AMI.

Methods:
We conducted a prespecified analysis of the PARADISE-MI trial (Prospective ARNI vs ACE Inhibitors Trial to Determine Superiority in Reducing Heart Failure Events After MI), which compared sacubitril/valsartan (97/103 mg twice daily) with ramipril (5 mg twice daily) for reducing heart failure events after myocardial infarction in 5661 patients with AMI complicated by left ventricular systolic dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, or both. In the present analysis, the prespecified composite coronary outcome was the first occurrence of death from coronary heart disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for angina, or postrandomization coronary revascularization.

Results:

Patients were randomly assigned at a median of 4.4 [3.0–5.8] days after index AMI (ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction 76%, non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction 24%), by which time 89% of patients had undergone coronary reperfusion. Compared with ramipril, sacubitril/valsartan decreased the risk of coronary outcomes (hazard ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.74–0.99],
P
=0.04) over a median follow-up of 22 months. Rates of the components of the composite outcomes were lower in patients on sacubitril/valsartan but were not individually significantly different.

Conclusions:
In survivors of an AMI with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and pulmonary congestion, sacubitril/valsartan—compared with ramipril—reduced the risk of a prespecified major coronary composite outcome. Dedicated studies are necessary to confirm this finding and elucidate its mechanism.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02924727.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage During Pregnancy and Puerperium: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Korhonen Aino , Verho Liisa , Aarnio Karoliina , Rantanen Kirsi , Saaros Anna , Laivuori Hannele , Gissler Mika , Tikkanen Minna , Ijäs Petra 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Pregnancy-related subarachnoid hemorrhage (pSAH) is rare, but it causes high mortality and morbidity. Nevertheless, data on pSAH are limited. The objectives here were to examine the incidence trends, causes, risk factors, and outcomes of pSAH in a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland covering 30 years.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study and nested case-control study in Finland for the period 1987–2016 (Stroke in Pregnancy and Puerperium in Finland). The Medical Birth Register was linked to the Hospital Discharge Register to identify women with incident stroke during pregnancy or puerperium. A subcohort of women with SAH is included in this analysis. The temporal connection of SAH to pregnancy and clinical details were verified from patient records.

Results:
The unadjusted incidence of pSAH was 3.21 (95% CI, 2.46–4.13) per 100 000 deliveries. No significant increase occurred in the incidence throughout the study period. However, the age of the mother had a significant increasing effect on the incidence. In total, 77% of patients suffered an aneurysmal pSAH, resulting in death in 16.3% of women and with only 68.2% achieving good recovery (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 3 months. Patients with nonaneurysmal pSAH recovered well. The significant risk factors for pSAH were smoking (odds ratio, 3.27 [1.56–6.86]), prepregnancy hypertension (odds ratio, 12.72 [1.39–116.46]), and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (odds ratio, 3.88 [1.00–15.05]).

Conclusions:
The incidence of pSAH has not changed substantially over time in Finland. The majority of pSAH cases were aneurysmal and women with aneurysm had considerable mortality and morbidity. Counseling of pregnant women about smoking cessation and monitoring of blood pressure and symptoms of pre-eclampsia are important interventions to prevent pSAH.
Sustainability, Development and Biodiversity: Global Theory vs. Brazilian Practice
Authors: Monteiro Fernanda , Trombini Maria Eugenia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sustainable development is more than an agenda, it is a historical construct rooted in modernity. In response to the global theory of what is necessary to achieve biodiversity targets, Brazil, a megadiverse “developing” country from the Global South, gains international attention due to its differentiated role in terms of providing environmental services. To confront global theory and territorialized practice, the article looks at a protected area that overlaps with the lands traditionally occupied by flower-gatherers in the Cerrado, a tropical Savanna ecosystem. On the base of the case study, the dichotomy society/nature and the mobilization strategies of this grassroot movement are discussed in light of disputes surrounding sustainability, appropriation and usage of natural resources. Results show collective actors whose identity is articulated in the collection of native flowers from the rupestrian grasslands are somewhat successful in their struggle to re-signify the meaning given to ecology and sustainability through the production of counter-discourses to the conservationist paradigm.