bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological factors responsible for low adherence to mask-wearing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kılıç Cengiz , Yıldız M. İrem , Emekli Esra , Gülşen Gülhan , Alp Anıl 
Published: November 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to >6 million deaths. Anti-mask movements may decrease the effects of preventive measures. Psychological factors that may be related to anti-mask behaviour are not well researched.

Aims
This study aims to determine the psychological correlates of anti-mask attitudes and behaviour in an online general population sample, focusing on the possible role of claustrophobia.

Method
Data on attitudes and behaviour toward mask-wearing were collected from an online sample of 3709 people. Predictors of both anti-mask attitudes and behaviour were assessed with linear and logistic regression analyses.

Results
Few people (3.3%) were overtly opposed to mask-wearing; mask opposition was more common in men than women. Predictors of negative attitude toward mask-wearing and low adherence to mask-related measures were similar and included male gender, lower education, lower income, being employed, having had COVID-19 and lower COVID-19-related anxiety. Psychopathology measures did not show a prediction, whereas claustrophobia had a significant prediction that was over and above those of other predictors. Avoidance behaviour had similar predictors, except for higher COVID-19-related anxiety.

Conclusions
Although low adherence to mask-wearing during the pandemic was not related to having a mental disorder, it may partly be caused by psychological factors. Those who had a negative attitude also reported lower adherence behaviour, and were characterised by being male, having lower education, being employed and having lower COVID-19-related anxiety; claustrophobia was a strong predictor of attitude. Understanding psychological factors responsible for low adherence may help to decrease morbidity and mortality in future pandemics.
Preclinical Observations of Systemic and Ocular Antidrug Antibody Response to Intravitreally Administered Drugs
Authors: Wessels Uwe , Zadak Markus , Weidmann Anja Manuela , Stuchly Thomas , Stubenrauch Kay-Gunnar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntravitreally administered biotherapeutics can elicit local and systemic immune responses with potentially serious clinical consequences. However, little is known about the mechanisms of ocular antidrug immune response, the incidence of ocular antidrug antibodies (ADAs), and the relationship between ocular and systemic ADA levels. Bioanalytical limitations and poor availability of ocular matrices make studies of ocular immunogenicity particularly challenging. We have recently reported a novel bioanalytical ADA assay and shown its applicability for the ADA detection in ocular matrices. In the present study, we used this assay to analyze a large set of preclinical samples from minipig and cynomolgus monkeys treated with different ocular biotherapeutics. We found a significant association between the incidence of ADAs in plasma and ocular fluids after a single intravitreal administration of the drugs. Importantly, none of the animals with ADA-negative results in plasma had detectable ADAs in ocular fluids and systemic ADA response always preceded the appearance of ocular ADAs. Overall, our results suggest the systemic origin of ocular ADAs and support the use of plasma as a surrogate matrix for the detection of ocular ADA response.
Graphical Abstract
Eukaryotic fertilization and gamete fusion at a glance
Authors: Lu Yonggang , Ikawa Masahito 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTIn sexually reproducing organisms, the genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next via the merger of male and female gametes. Gamete fusion is a two-step process involving membrane recognition and apposition through ligand–receptor interactions and lipid mixing mediated by fusion proteins. HAP2 (also known as GCS1) is a bona fide gamete fusogen in flowering plants and protists. In vertebrates, a multitude of surface proteins have been demonstrated to be pivotal for sperm–egg fusion, yet none of them exhibit typical fusogenic features. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we summarize recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of gamete fusion in eukaryotes, with a particular focus on mammalian species.
The mechanical properties of the mantle muscle of European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
Authors: Gladman Nicholas W. , Askew Graham N. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The circular muscles surrounding the mantle cavity of European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) generate the mechanical power to compress the cavity, forcing a jet of water out of the funnel, propelling the animal during jet propulsion swimming. During ontogeny, jetting frequency decreases in adults compared with juveniles, and this is expected to be reflected in the contractile properties of the locomotory muscles. To develop greater insight into how the locomotion of these animals is powered during ontogeny, we determined the mechanical properties of bundles of muscle fascicles during isometric, isotonic and cyclic length changes in vitro, at two life stages: juveniles and adults. The twitch kinetics were faster in juveniles than in adults (twitch rise time 257 ms compared with 371 ms; half-twitch relaxation 257 ms compared with 677 ms in juveniles and adults, respectively); however, twitch and tetanic stress, the maximum velocity of shortening and curvature of the force–velocity relationship did not differ. Under cyclic conditions, net power exhibited an inverted U-shaped relationship with cycle frequency in both juveniles and adults; the frequency at which maximum net power was achieved was shifted to lower cycle frequencies with increased maturity, which is consistent with the slower contraction and relaxation kinetics in adults compared with juveniles. The cycle frequency at which peak power was achieved during cyclical contractions in vitro was found to match that seen in vivo in juveniles, suggesting power is being maximised during jet propulsion swimming.
Feasibility of video assessment of operative skills in FCPS vascular surgery
Authors: Bhatti Ahsin , Ahsin Sadia , Mansoor Sumreena 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To explore the feasibility of assessment of operative skills of FCPS vascular surgery trainees based on video recordings of the surgical procedures with a view to introduce it in the curriculum.
Methods: This qualitative study was carried out from 9th April 2021 – 15th July 2021 at Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan. It is a qualitative study based on constructivist grounded theory. Semi structured interviews of 16 participants, including five vascular surgical trainees, six vascular surgical consultants/supervisors/examiners, and five medical educationists were conducted, recorded and transcribed. Open and axial coding method was employed to identify recurring themes.
Results: Six themes could be identified. (1) There was consensus among participants on deficiency in current assessment of surgical skills. (2) Most participants believed that this is a useful method, although four out of 16 participants believed that current methods were sufficient. (3) There was a unanimous opinion that its purpose should be initially formative assessment and later for summative assessment. (4) It was suggested that it is practical with logistic support; it can be made part of trainee’s record to be reviewed later; maybe by independent observers. (5) Participants believed that the logistic issue in term of equipment and trained manpower will be a challenge in implementing this mode of assessment. Other barriers included medicolegal and ethical issue and acceptability by the stake holders. (6) Participants also suggested remedies for the barriers.
Conclusion: Video review of surgical procedures can improve assessment of operative skills of trainees provided it is used as formative tool initially with a need to overcome logistics, medicolegal and cultural barriers.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6737
How to cite this: Bhatti AM, Ahsin S, Mansoor S. Feasibility of video assessment of operative skills in FCPS vascular surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.6737
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Factors that enhance compliance with the Surgical Safety Checklist
Authors: McNamara Claire , Markey Kathleen , O'Donnell Claire , Murphy Jill , O'Brien Brid 
Published: November 2022

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that its Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has resulted in significant reductions in morbidity and mortality. Despite its proven success, meaningful compliance with the Surgical Safety Checklist initiative has been low. Aims: The authors sought to identify and explore published research on factors that enhance compliance with the SSC within surgical team members. Methods: A review of the literature published between January 2017 and January 2021 was undertaken. Six databases were searched, and 1340 studies were screened for eligibility. The 17 studies included were critically appraised using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Findings: Three main themes were identified: training and innovations; process adaptations and team leadership. Conclusion: This review of the literature draws attention to the complexities of checklist compliance and identifies the need for training, leadership and adaptation to new safety processes.
The changes of electroencephalography in mountaineers on Mount Jade, Taiwan: An observational study
Authors: Chang Kuo-Song , Chiu Yu-Hui , Kao Wei-Fong , Yang Cheryl C. H. , How Chorng-Kuang , Lin Yen-Kuang , Hwang Yuh-Shyan , Chien Ding-Kuo , Huang Ming-Kun , Kuo Terry B. J. 
Published: November 2022

Background
The diagnosis of acute mountain sickness, which lacks a reliable and objective diagnostic tool, still depends on the clinical symptoms and signs and remains a major threat and unpredictable disease affecting millions of mountaineers.

Objectives
To record electroencephalography signals with small, convenient, wireless equipment and to test whether electroencephalography parameters, which are more sensitive and reliable markers, could predict the symptoms of acute mountain sickness.

Methods
Twenty-five participants were enrolled and separated into two groups to climb Mount Jade in Taiwan. We collected electrocardiography signals and arterial oxygen saturation data at ground, moderate (2,400 m), and high altitude (3,400 m). A spectral analysis of the electrocardiography was performed to assess the study subjects’ electroencephalography activity at different frequencies (α, β, θ, δ) and the mean power frequency of electrocardiography. The clinical symptoms and Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness scores of the subjects were recorded for comparison.

Results
A significant change in the δ power of electroencephalography was recorded in subjects ascending from the ground to a high altitude of 3,400 m in a 4-day itinerary. In addition, between the two groups of subjects with and without acute mountain sickness (Lake Louise Acute Mountain Sickness scores < 3 and ≥ 3), the δ power of electroencephalography at the fronto-parietal 1 and parietal 3 electrodes at moderate altitude as well as the changes of δ power and mean power frequency of electrocardiography over parietal 4 at high altitude showed a significant difference. At moderate altitude, the increasing δ power of electroencephalography at the parietal 4 electrode was related to the headache symptom of acute mountain sickness before ascending to high altitude.

Conclusion
At moderate altitude, the δ power increase of electroencephalography at the P4 electrode could be a predictor of acute mountain sickness symptoms before ascending to high altitude. Thus, electroencephalography had the potential to identify the risk of acute mountain sickness.
The impact of greenspace or nature-based interventions on cardiovascular health or cancer-related outcomes: A systematic review of experimental studies
Authors: Bikomeye Jean C. , Balza Joanna S. , Kwarteng Jamila L. , Beyer Andreas M. , Beyer Kirsten M. M. 
Published: November 2022

SignificanceGlobally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. While having different etiologies, CVD and cancer are linked by multiple shared risk factors, the presence of which exacerbate adverse outcomes for individuals with either disease. For both pathologies, factors such as poverty, lack of physical activity (PA), poor dietary intake, and climate change increase risk of adverse outcomes. Prior research has shown that greenspaces and other nature-based interventions (NBIs) contribute to improved health outcomes and climate change resilience.ObjectiveTo summarize evidence on the impact of greenspaces or NBIs on cardiovascular health and/or cancer-related outcomes and identify knowledge gaps to inform future research.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) guidelines, we searched five databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO and GreenFile. Two blinded reviewers used Rayyan AI and a predefined criteria for article inclusion and exclusion. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). This review is registered with PROSPERO, ID # CRD42021231619.Results & discussionOf 2565 articles retrieved, 31 articles met the inclusion criteria, and overall had a low risk of bias. 26 articles studied cardiovascular related outcomes and 5 studied cancer-related outcomes. Interventions were coded into 4 categories: forest bathing, green exercise, gardening, and nature viewing. Outcomes included blood pressure (BP), cancer-related quality of life (QoL) and (more infrequently) biomarkers of CVD risk. Descriptions of findings are presented as well as visual presentations of trends across the findings using RAW graphs. Overall studies included have a low risk of bias; and alluvial chart trends indicated that NBIs may have beneficial effects on CVD and cancer-related outcomes.Conclusions & implications(1)Clinical implication:Healthcare providers should consider the promotion of nature-based programs to improve health outcomes.(2)Policy implication: There is a need for investment in equitable greenspaces to improve health outcomes and build climate resilient neighborhoods.(3)Research or academic implication: Research partnerships with community-based organizations for a comprehensive study of benefits associated with NBIs should be encouraged to reduce health disparities and ensure intergenerational health equity. There is a need for investigation of the mechanisms by which NBIs impact CVD and exploration of the role of CVD biological markers of inflammation among cancer survivors.
Differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes by race, ethnicity, sex, and health system setting in a large diverse US cohort
Authors: Jefferson Celeena , Watson Eric , Certa Julia M. , Gordon Kirsha S. , Park Lesley S. , D’Souza Gypsyamber , Benning Lorie , Abraham Alison G. , Agil Deana , Napravnik Sonia , Silverberg Michael J. , Leyden Wendy A. , Skarbinski Jacek , Williams Carolyn , Althoff Keri N. , Horberg Michael A. ,   on behalf of the NA-ACCORD Corona-Infectious-Virus Epidemiology Team (CIVET)
Published: November 2022

Background
Racial/ethnic disparities during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes. We examine differences in testing and adverse outcomes by race/ethnicity and sex across a geographically diverse and system-based COVID-19 cohort collaboration.

Methods
Observational study among adults (≥18 years) within six US cohorts from March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 using data from electronic health record and patient reporting. Race/ethnicity and sex as risk factors were primary exposures, with health system type (integrated health system, academic health system, or interval cohort) as secondary. Proportions measured SARS-CoV-2 testing and positivity; attributed hospitalization and death related to COVID-19. Relative risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals quantified associations between exposures and main outcomes.

Results
5,958,908 patients were included. Hispanic patients had the highest proportions of SARS-CoV-2 testing (16%) and positivity (18%), while Asian/Pacific Islander patients had the lowest portions tested (11%) and White patients had the lowest positivity rates (5%). Men had a lower likelihood of testing (RR = 0.90 [0.89–0.90]) and a higher positivity risk (RR = 1.16 [1.14–1.18]) compared to women. Black patients were more likely to have COVID-19-related hospitalizations (RR = 1.36 [1.28–1.44]) and death (RR = 1.17 [1.03–1.32]) compared with White patients. Men were more likely to be hospitalized (RR = 1.30 [1.16–1.22]) or die (RR = 1.70 [1.53–1.89]) compared to women. These racial/ethnic and sex differences were reflected in both health system types.

Conclusions
This study supports evidence of disparities by race/ethnicity and sex during the COVID-19 pandemic that persisted even in healthcare settings with reduced barriers to accessing care. Further research is needed to understand and prevent the drivers that resulted in higher burdens of morbidity among certain Black patients and men.
O FENÔMENO USE IT OR LOSE IT NA EXECUÇÃO ORÇAMENTÁRIA DAS UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS E A INSCRIÇÃO EM RESTOS A PAGAR
Authors: Araújo Jaqueline Gomes Rodrigues de , Lins Thales Spinelli Maximo , Alvez Diniz Josedilton 
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Verificar qual a influência do fenômeno “use ou perca” no processo de execução orçamentária das Universidades Federais brasileiras, a partir da análise da relação entre a pressão por gastos na execução orçamentária do 4º trimestre do exercício financeiro e a proporção dos restos a pagar cancelados e reinscritos nessas instituições.
Método: Foram estudadas as 63 Universidades Federais brasileiras no período de 2015 a 2019. A variável “Pressão por gasto no 4º trimestre” (PO) foi calculada a partir da proporção entre as despesas empenhadas nos últimos três meses do ano em relação ao orçamento discricionário empenhado total. Outras variáveis da pesquisa foram Restos a pagar – do total empenhado no 4º trimestre (RAP), “Dotação Discricionária Total” (DOT) e “Alunos de graduação equivalentes” (AGE).
Resultados/Discussão: Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que 87% das universidades federais apresentaram pressão por gastos no último trimestre do exercício financeiro. Evidenciou-se também que o recurso orçamentário é empenhado sob uma atmosfera de “use ou perca”, tendo em vista a impossibilidade de utilização da dotação orçamentária no exercício seguinte.
Contribuições: Os achados da pesquisa confirmam a influência positiva da pressão por gastos sobre a quantidade de restos a pagar cancelados ou reinscritos no exercício subsequente, contribuindo de forma prática para o entendimento da dificuldade de planejamento inerente ao que é executado sob uma atmosfera de “pressão”. A identificação desta influência é importante para explicação do crescimento expressivo dos restos a pagar, além de fornecer um insight de como este problema pode ser atenuado.
Student Feedback Literacy - measurement conceptual framework
Authors: Farmer Ian 
Published: November 2022

One of the key enablers for learning is feedback. The student’s experience receiving feedback can have long-lasting impacts on their beliefs, motivation and behaviour, which influences academic achievement levels and lifetime learning potential (Carless & Boud, 2018). For students to become proactive in the feedback loop process, they require competencies (understandings, capacities and dispositions) for the feedback process, known as Feedback Literacy (Carless & Winstone, 2020). Student Feedback Literacy (SFL) describes the necessary competencies for students to effectively and proactively engage and act on feedback to improve their learning ability (Sutton, 2012). Whilst the student feedback literacy competencies have been well defined (Molloy et al., 2020), these competencies are difficult to quantify. Therefore feedback literacy remains hidden and, for students, is earned as a by-product of student learning that is only acquired subconsciously through student learning experiences.
The conceptual framework in this proposal contributes to Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) by quantifying Student Feedback Literacy levels which inform and trigger additional feedback loops that enable students to grow their feedback literacy, which empowers students’ lifetime learning potential
Does Practice Theory Work? Reckwitz’s Study of the ‘New Middle Class’ as an Example
Authors: Pettenkofer Andreas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
‘Practice theory’—a theory program that connects the goal of offering non-rationalist explanations to a strong focus on everyday routine activities, and builds on the work of Bourdieu but tries to gain a less narrow perspective—is being used more and more widely in the social sciences. Its advocates often argue that, since practice theory is a heuristic for doing empirical work, discussing it without addressing this empirical work cannot do justice to it. Therefore, this article analyses Reckwitz’s recently translated book on The Society of Singularities, which its author presents as an example of the advantages of (one dominant version of) practice theory. As will be shown, the book demonstrates that this version of practice theory does not fulfil its promises. Looking at its difficulties is instructive, however, because it helps see more clearly how the goal of an integrative ‘theory of practice’ could be achieved.
The entire chloroplast genome sequence of Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop: Genome structure, gene composition, and phylogenetic analysis in Asparagaceae
Authors: Kuang Quan , Sheng Wentao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop is a horticultural plant of the genus Asparagus. Herein, the whole chloroplast (cp) genome of A. setaceus was sequenced with PacBio and Illumina sequencing systems. The cp genome shows a characteristic quadripartite structure with 158,076 bp. In total, 135 genes were annotated, containing 89 protein-coding, 38 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Contrast with the previous cp genome of A. setaceus registered in NCBI, we identified 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 15 indels, mostly situated in noncoding areas. Meanwhile, 36 repeat structures and 260 simple sequence repeats were marked out. A bias for A/T-ending codons was shown in this cp genome. Furthermore, we predicted 78 RNA-editing sites in 29 genes, which were all for C-to-U transitions. And it was also proven that positive selection was exerted on the rpoC1 gene of A. setaceus with the K
a/K
s data. Meanwhile, a conservative gene order and highly similar sequences of protein-coding genes were revealed within Asparagus species. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that A. setaceus was a sister to Asparagus cochinchinensis. Taken together, our released genome provided valuable information for the gene composition, genetics comparison, and the phylogeny studies of A. setaceus.