bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coinfections with multiple sexually transmitted pathogens in Republic of Korea, 2018–2020
Authors: Lee Sun Jung , Jang Tae Su , Jeon Jae‐Sik , Kim Jae Kyung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) can have serious consequences, and the global STI incidence remains high. However, there is little information on the frequency of STIs with multiple pathogens according to age. Accordingly, we conducted a study to determine the trends of coinfection with sexually transmitted pathogens according to age in the Republic of Korea from 2018 to 2020.MethodsFrom January 2018 to December 2020, 65,191 samples of swab, urine, and other types submitted for STI screening were obtained from U2Bio Co. Ltd. (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, a sensitive and rapid method for simultaneous detection of STIs caused by multiple different pathogens, was performed using an AccuPower STI4C‐Plex Real‐Time PCR kit, AccuPower STI8A‐Plex Real‐Time PCR kit, and AccuPower STI8B‐Plex Real‐Time PCR kit with an Exicycler 96 Real‐Time Quantitative Thermal Block.ResultsOf the 65,191 samples tested, 35,366 (54.3%) tested positive for one or more sexually transmitted pathogens. The prevalence of coinfections with two or more sexually transmitted pathogens was inversely proportional to age. Furthermore, the rates of coinfection with sexually transmitted pathogens and age distribution differed according to sex and the sexually transmitted pathogen type.ConclusionThis study confirmed that a significant proportion of patients with STIs are coinfected with multiple pathogens. Public health managers could use these results to recognize and prevent STIs according to age.
Is there a potential biomarker in distinguishing invasive breast carcinomas with elevated Ki‐67 levels among 2D‐SWE, SMI, and 18F‐FDG PET‐CT/MRI‐derived parameters?: A single‐center data
Authors: Kurt Seda Aladag , Besli Lebriz Uslu , Kayadibi Yasemin , Samanci Cesur , Nazari Azizullah , Ozturk Tulin , Kocael Pinar , Sayman Haluk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the strength of quantitative imaging and metabolic parameters in differentiating invasive breast carcinomas with elevated Ki‐67 levels.Materials and MethodsA total of 123 patients with 129 breast lesions confirmed as invasive breast carcinoma underwent shear wave elastography (SWE), superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT or MRI. Adler's grade (classifying the microvascularity into four types) and Vascular Index (VI) was obtained by SMI as microvascular parameters. In addition, the stiffness value (Emean) was evaluated in kilopascal by SWE. The average of consecutive measurements was recorded as mean VI and mean Emean. PET scan parameters were obtained as SUVmax and SULpeak. Lesions were divided into two groups according to the Ki‐67 expression, low as 14 and high as >14.ResultsAdler's grading was the most correlated imaging parameter with high Ki‐67 expression (p < 0.05), while VI and Emean had poor correlation (p > 0.05). SUVmax and SULpeak indicated a significant linear correlation with Ki‐67 but a moderate correlation with the high levels of Ki‐67 (p < 0,001). The sensitivity of VI, Emean, SUVmax and SULpeak was 64.6%, 66.7%, 65.7%, and 66.7% when the cut‐off point was set to 5.25, 102.5, 6.59, and 2.63, respectively. SUVmax had the highest AUC value of 0.740, according to the ROC curve analysis.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the quantitative parameters obtained by advanced imaging methods may be useful in predicting the high proliferation in invasive breast carcinomas. But none of them is eligible to be used as an independent biomarker in distinguishing aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, as a noninvasive method, visual assessment of microvascular morphology using SMI increases the prognostic efficiency in invasive breast carcinomas.
Meta‐analysis of the demographic and prognostic significance of gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Zaman Shafquat , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab , Mohamedahmed Ali Yasen Y , El‐Asrag Mohammed E , Quraishi Nabil , Iqbal Tariq H , Beggs Andrew D 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimTo evaluate the demographic and prognostic significance of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).MethodsA systematic search of electronic information sources was conducted. Combined overall effect sizes were calculated using random‐effects models for baseline demographic factors and outcomes including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of hospital stay.ResultsTwenty‐four comparative observational studies reporting a total of 51 522 COVID‐19 patients with (n = 6544) or without (n = 44 978) GI symptoms were identified. The patients with GI symptoms were of comparable age (mean difference [MD]: 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.42 to 2.92, P = 0.86), rate of pre‐existing hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11, 95% CI 0.86–1.42, P = 0.42), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.14, 95% CI 0.91–1.44, P = 0.26), and coronary artery disease (OR: 1.00, 95% CI 0.86–1.16, P = 0.98) compared with those without GI symptoms. However, there were significantly more male patients in the GI symptoms group (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.75–0.95, P = 0.005). The presence of GI symptoms was associated with similar risk of mortality (OR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.47–1.13, P = 0.16), ICU admission (OR: 1.15; 95% CI 0.67–1.96, P = 0.62), and length of hospital stay (MD: 0.43; 95% CI −0.73 to 1.60, P = 0.47) when compared with their absence.ConclusionMeta‐analysis of the best possible available evidence demonstrated that GI symptoms in COVID‐19 patients do not seem to affect patients with any specific demographic patterns and may not have any important prognostic significance. Although no randomized studies can be conducted on this topic, future high‐quality studies can provide stronger evidence to further understand the impact of GI symptoms on outcomes of COVID‐19 patients.
Synthetic attempts toward α‐tocopherol—An overview
Authors: Kundu Subhradip , Sarkar Debayan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe discovery of vitamin E as an essential factor in the diet was a scientific revolution that enlightened the entire world. Vitamin E was discovered in the year 1922 by Herbert M. Evans and K. Scott Bishop and the first synthetic attempt toward α‐tocopherol appeared almost two decades later through a condensation reaction. During the second world war, similar Lewis acid‐catalyzed condensation approaches were accomplished starring 1,3,5‐trimethyl hydroquinone and varying the other component. The stereochemistry of the three chiral centers present in the α‐tocopherol molecule was revealed in the early 1960s and thereafter scientific community took interest in synthesizing natural (2R,4′R,8′R)‐α‐tocopherol molecule with high enantioselectivity. During the first decade of the 21st century, several groups have applied Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysts to mobilize the condensation reactions toward α‐tocopherol. In the year 2012, we celebrated 100 years of vitamins and now we are celebrating the 100th anniversary of vitamin E discovery. This historical review highlights key research achievements since the last century and untold stories on α‐tocopherol and/or vitamin E.
Derivation of a clinical‐based model to detect invasive bacterial infections in febrile infants
Authors: Yaeger Jeffrey P. , Jones Jeremiah , Ertefaie Ashkan , Caserta Mary T. , Fiscella Kevin A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundFebrile infants are at risk for invasive bacterial infections (IBIs) (i.e., bacteremia and bacterial meningitis), which, when undiagnosed, may have devastating consequences. Current IBI predictive models rely on serum biomarkers, which may not provide timely results and may be difficult to obtain in low‐resource settings.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to derive a clinical‐based IBI predictive model for febrile infants.Designs, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a cross‐sectional study of infants brought to two pediatric emergency departments from January 2011 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria were age 0–90 days, temperature ≥38°C, and documented gestational age, fever duration, and illness duration.Main Outcome and MeasuresTo detect IBIs, we used regression and ensemble machine learning models and evidence‐based predictors (i.e., sex, age, chronic medical condition, gestational age, appearance, maximum temperature, fever duration, illness duration, cough status, and urinary tract inflammation). We up‐weighted infants with IBIs 8‐fold and used 10‐fold cross‐validation to avoid overfitting. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), prioritizing a high sensitivity to identify the optimal cut‐point to estimate sensitivity and specificity.ResultsOf 2311 febrile infants, 39 had an IBI (1.7%); the median age was 54 days (interquartile range: 35–71). The AUC was 0.819 (95% confidence interval: 0.762, 0.868). The predictive model achieved a sensitivity of 0.974 (0.800, 1.00) and a specificity of 0.530 (0.484, 0.575). Findings suggest that a clinical‐based model can detect IBIs in febrile infants, performing similarly to serum biomarker‐based models. This model may improve health equity by enabling clinicians to estimate IBI risk in any setting. Future studies should prospectively validate findings across multiple sites and investigate performance by age.
Thermodynamic and structural profiles of multi‐target binding of vinblastine in solution
Authors: Gopi Priyanka , Singh Shweta , Islam Md Maidul , Yadav Akankasha , Gupta Neelima , Pandya Prateek 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStructural information about drug‐receptor interactions is paramount in drug discovery and subsequent optimization processes. Drugs can bind to multiple potential targets as they contain common chemical entities in their structures. Understanding the details of such interactions offer possibilities for repurposing and developing potent inhibitors of disease pathways. Vinblastine (VLB) is a potent anticancer molecule showing multiple receptor interactions with different affinities and degrees of structural perturbations. We have investigated the multi‐target binding profile of VLB with DNA and human serum albumin (HSA) in a dynamic physiological environment using spectroscopic, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanical calculations to evaluate the structural features, mode, ligand and receptor flexibility, and energetics of complexation. These results confirm that VLB prefers to bind in the major groove of DNA with some inclination toward Thymidine residue and the TR‐5 binding site in HSA with its catharanthine half making important contacts with both the receptors. Spectroscopic investigation at multiple temperatures has also proved that VLB binding is entropy driven indicating the major groove and TR‐5 binding site of interaction. Finally, the overall binding is facilitated by van der Waals contacts and a few conventional H‐bonds. VLB portrays reasonable conformational diversity on binding with multiple receptors.
Different Imaging Modalities for the Diagnosis of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy
Authors: Li Zhifan , Gao Ya , Gong Hengxin , Feng Wen , Ma Qinqin , Li Jinkui , Lu Xingru , Wang Xiaohui , Lei Junqiang 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAccurate diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) of breast cancer patients is important to guide local and systemic treatment.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of different imaging modalities for ALNM in patients with breast cancer.Study TypeSystematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA).SubjectsSixty‐one original articles with 8011 participants.Field Strength1.5 T and 3.0 T.AssessmentWe used the QUADAS‐2 and QUADAS‐C tools to assess the risk of bias in eligible studies. The identified articles assessed ultrasonography (US), MRI, mammography, ultrasound elastography (UE), PET, CT, PET/CT, scintimammography, and PET/MRI.Statistical AnalysisWe used random‐effects conventional meta‐analyses and Bayesian network meta‐analyses for data analyses. We used sensitivity and specificity, relative sensitivity and specificity, superiority index, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) analysis to compare the diagnostic value of different imaging modalities.ResultsSixty‐one studies evaluated nine imaging modalities. At patient level, sensitivities of the nine imaging modalities ranged from 0.27 to 0.84 and specificities ranged from 0.84 to 0.95. Patient‐based NMA showed that UE had the highest superiority index (5.95) with the highest relative sensitivity of 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93–1.29) among all imaging methods when compared to US. At lymph node level, MRI had the highest superiority index (6.91) with highest relative sensitivity of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01–1.23) and highest relative specificity of 1.11 (95% CI: 0.95–1.23) among all imaging methods when compared to US. SROCs also showed that UE and MRI had the largest area under the curve (AUC) at patient level and lymph node level of 0.92 and 0.94, respectively.Data ConclusionUE and MRI may be superior to other imaging modalities in the diagnosis of ALNM in breast cancer patients at the patient level and the lymph node level, respectively. Further studies are needed to provide high‐quality evidence to validate our findings.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
The use of virtual interviews and new trends in orthopedic surgery residency match
Authors: Metrione Michael D. , Hreha Jeremy , Soussou Thomas , Hanna Gabriel , Vosbikian Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis retrospective cross‐sectional study sought to determine if there was a change in geographical trends in the orthopedic surgery residency match with the use of virtual interviews. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, visiting rotations at outside institutions were restricted and all residency interviews were conducted virtually for the 2021 match. Given these restrictions, it was hypothesized that applicants would match at a higher rate to their medical school‐affiliated residency programs, or geographically nearby their medical school. Data was collected from residency program website and social media accounts to determine if the use of virtual interviews correlated with a decreased rate of matching at outside institutions. During the 2021 match, applicants who applied to orthopedic surgery in 2021 were more likely to match at their medical school‐affiliated institution (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18–1.80; p < 0.01) compared to applicants during previous years. However, match rates were not different in terms of geographical regions. Virtual interviews are more cost‐effective for both applicants and programs, however, this study demonstrates there are associated changes with this new interview structure. The utility of virtual interviews as a standard method in the future should take this change in trend into consideration.
Clinical applications of body composition and functional status tools for nutrition assessment of hospitalized adults: A systematic review
Authors: Smith Luke O. , Olieman Joanne F. , Berk Kirsten A. , Ligthart‐Melis Gerdien C. , Earthman Carrie P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNo global consensus exists on diagnostic criteria for malnutrition. Muscular deficits and functional impairments are major components of available malnutrition diagnostic frameworks because these facets of nutrition status significantly impact outcomes. The purpose of this review is to explore which body composition assessment (BCA) and functional status assessment (FSA) tools are being used for nutrition assessment (NA) and monitoring the response to nutrition interventions (RNIs) in adult inpatients.MethodsA literature search of Embase, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, and Cochrane Central was performed to identify studies that used BCA and/or FSA tools for NA (along with an accepted NA diagnostic framework) and/or for monitoring RNI in adult inpatients.ResultsThe search yielded 3667 articles; 94 were included in the review. The number of studies using BCA and/or FSA tools for NA was 47 and also 47 for monitoring RNI. Seventy‐nine percent of studies used bioimpedance for BCA, and 97% that included FSA utilized handgrip strength. When compared against sets of diagnostic criteria, many of the BCA and FSA tools showed promising associations with nutrition status.ConclusionBioimpedance methods are the most widely used bedside BCA tools, and handgrip strength is the most widely used FSA tool; however, these methods are being used with a variety of protocols, algorithms, and interpretation practices in heterogeneous populations. To create a standardized nutrition status assessment process there is a need for validation studies on bedside methods and the development of globally standardized assessment protocols in clinical inpatient settings.
Development of non‐destructive analytical strategies based on Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques for Mars Sample Return tested on Northwest Africa 1950 Martian meteorite
Authors: Coloma Leire , García‐Florentino Cristina , Huidobro Jennifer , Torre‐Fdez Imanol , Aramendia Julene , Arana Gorka , Castro Kepa , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Mars Sample Return (MSR) is a near future mission to return samples from the surface of Mars to the Earth. The field operations to carry out data collection, selection of the samples, and sampling procedure, mainly related to the CanMars MSR analog mission, are well‐studied and published. In contrast, studies related to the methodology implemented to characterize the mineralogy of the returned samples are scarcer and focused on biosignature detection. This work presents a non‐destructive analytical methodology based on Raman microscopy (single point and imaging), micro‐energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence imaging analysis, and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy that could be used as a first analytical characterization for the Martian samples that will be returned to the Earth in the upcoming MSR mission, before any destructive analysis. The analytical methodology has been tested on a fragment of the Northwest Africa 1950 Martian meteorite, which gives us a mineralogical characterization of the meteorite. This methodology also allowed to define several chemical reactions taking place in some of the mineral phases (olivines and ilmenite) of the meteorite. In addition to the geochemical characterization of the samples, the fact that this methodology allows to assess the chemical transformations in several minerals gives important clues for describing mineral processes and geological evolution that took place on Mars. This work also shows the advantages and disadvantages that each of the techniques employed has when performing a mineralogical characterization, the information that each one can provide and the importance of combining them.
Using Item‐Response Theory to Improve Interpretation of the Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire
Authors: Zhao Nina W. , Mason James M. , Blum Alexander M. , Kim Eric K. , Young VyVy N. , Rosen Clark A. , Schneider Sarah L. 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) is commonly used to quantify self‐perceptions of voice for trans women seeking gender‐affirming voice care, but the interpretation of TWVQ scores remains challenging. The objective of this study was to use item‐response theory (IRT) to evaluate the relationship between TWVQ items and persons on a common scale and identify improvements to increase the meaningfulness of TWVQ scores.MethodsA retrospective review of TWVQ scores from trans women patients between 2018–2020 was performed. Rasch‐family models were used to generate item‐person maps positioning respondent location and item difficulty estimates on a logit scale, which was then converted into a scaled score using linear transformations.ResultsTWVQ responses from 86 patients were analyzed. Initial item‐person maps demonstrated that the middle response categories (“sometimes” and “often”) performed inconsistently across items (poor threshold banding); interpretability improved when these ratings were scored as one category. The models were rerun using revised scoring, which retained high reliability (0.93) and supported a unidimensional construct. Updated item‐person maps revealed four scaled score zones (≤54, >54 to ≤101, >101 to ≤140, and >140) that each corresponded to an increasing pattern of item thresholds (probability of selecting one response category vs. others). These ranges can be interpreted as minimal, low, moderate, and high, respectively.ConclusionsEmpiric data from Rasch analysis supports new interval scoring for the TWVQ that advances the clinical and research utility of the instrument and lays the foundation for future improvements in clinical care and outcomes assessment.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1197–1204, 2023
Development of core collections in soybean on the basis of seed size
Authors: Nair Ramakrishnan M. , Yan Miao‐rong , Vemula Anil Kumar , Rathore Abhishek , van Zonneveld Maarten , Schafleitner Roland 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCore collections display a large fraction of the diversity contained in large collections in smaller germplasm panels. We used historical data (1973–2015) collected at the World Vegetable Center, Taiwan, for developing soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) core collections representing the diversity of the whole collection of 7853 accessions held by the Center. The collection was split into two groups on the basis of the 100 seed weight: large seeded (>25 g or equal to 25 g) and small seeded (<25 g). The large‐seeded group (vegetable soybean/edamame) comprised 456 accessions, while the small‐seeded group contained 7397 accessions. Within these two groups, we developed core collections based on seven quantitative and 14 qualitative traits collected during the autumn season, resulting in a core collection of 112 large‐seeded vegetable soybean accessions and 1480 accessions for the small‐seeded types.
Biogeochemical‐Argo data suggest significant contributions of small particles to the vertical carbon flux in the subpolar North Atlantic
Authors: Wang Bin , Fennel Katja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe biological carbon pump exerts a strong control on atmospheric CO2 levels. It includes a range of processes that generate organic carbon in the surface ocean and transport this organic matter from the surface to the deep ocean where it is remineralized and sequestered as inorganic carbon for decades to millennia. While ocean productivity is relatively well observed through a combination of approaches including remote sensing, the magnitude of vertical carbon transport remains poorly constrained by observations and the detailed processes involved are insufficiently understood. In particular, attention to the contribution of small particles has increased in recent years, but previous estimates of the associated vertical carbon flux have ignored remineralization and particle fragmentation. The resulting estimates are likely biased. In this study, we present a method for estimating (1) vertical carbon flux of two different size classes of organic particles and (2) the effect of remineralization and particle fragmentation on mesopelagic flux attenuation using Biogeochemical‐Argo profiles of backscattering and dissolved oxygen. We applied this method to observations from the subpolar North Atlantic and found that, on annual timescales, gravitational settling of large organic particles is dominating the vertical flux through the lower mesopelagic zone. However, small particles contribute significantly to the vertical carbon flux at 100 m (around 36% but can be up to 63%), via different mechanisms, and at 600 m (0–25%) since they can be produced by the fragmentation within the mesopelagic zone.