bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of FTO gene variants rs9939609 and rs1421085 with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Alnafjan Alaa A. , Alkhuriji Afrah F. , Alobaid Hussah M. , Babay Zainb A. , Khalil Mahmoud I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most common complex genetic endocrinopathy, and its etiology and pathophysiology remain controversial. FTO is a large highly polymorphic gene and was coined as the first locus associated with adiposity. The association of the intronic variant FTO rs9939609 or FTO rs1421085 with PCOS has been controversial and unclear, mainly due to ethnic differences among populations. The present study aims to investigate the association of FTO rs9939609 or FTO rs1421085 polymorphisms with PCOS in Saudi Arabian women.

Results
A total of 98 PCOS patients and 99 healthy females were included in this study. PCR and genotyping (TaqMan®SNP Genotyping Assay) were employed. For FTO rs9939609, the genotype TA and the recessive model (TA + AA) in PCOS patients were significantly different compared with control subjects (p = 0.008 and p = 0.007, respectively). The allele frequency of the FTO rs9939609 gene variant was associated significantly (p = 0.027) with PCOS, suggesting that the A allele is a risk factor for PCOS susceptibility. However, for the FTO rs1421085 variant, the genotype and allele distributions did not differ significantly between PCOS patients and controls (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
This is the first report to study the association of FTO rs9939609 and FTO rs1421085 with PCOS in Saudi women. Results suggest that the FTO rs9939609 gene variant could be a genetic predisposing factor for PCOS Saudi women.
Perforated Meckel’s diverticulum in neonates: a report of six cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Liaqat Naeem , Mahomed Anies , Nayyar Sajid Iqbal , Akhtar Nadeem , Ali Sajjad , Haider Naveed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Perforation of Meckel Diverticulum (MD) is a rare cause of pneumoperitoneum in neonates. We hereby report six cases of perforation of MD in neonates, with addition of 53 cases from systematic review of the literature. A systematic review was performed using Mesh terms “Neonate, Meckel Diverticulum, Perforation, Pneumoperitoneum.” All reports of perforated MD in the English literature were identified. Details of our 6 cases were analyzed in similar fashion.

Results
A total of 3027 manuscripts were screened and 59 cases including 6 of our own were identified. The vast majority (78%) were female. Fifty patients (84.7%) presented in the newborn period. Half of the cases (52.5%) had associated anomalies and 13 neonates (22%) required oxygen supplementation including CPAP or ventilatory support before surgery. In 73% of the cases, a resection of gut was undertaken. Histopathological assessment in 44 cases (74.6%) revealed no ectopic gastric mucosa. Three cases demised prior to treatment. The outcome in the vast majority was excellent with 84.7% surviving and discharged well.

Conclusion
Perforated MD is an unusual cause of a pneumoperitoneum in the newborns. Diagnosis is established at laparotomy and it rare to find ectopic mucosa histopathologically. The overall outcome is excellent.
Infection control and the prevalence, management and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infections in mental health wards in London, UK: lessons learned from wave 1 to wave 2
Authors: Liu Kathy Y. , Kulatilake Anita , Kalafatis Chris , Smith Gareth , King Jacob D. , Serra-Mestres Jordi , Huzzey Lauren , Ng Nicola , Kandangwa Pooja , Elliott Thomas , Sommerlad Andrew , Marston Louise , Livingston Gill 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) has high morbidity and mortality in older adults and people with dementia. Infection control and prevention measures potentially reduce transmission within hospitals.AimsWe aimed to replicate our earlier study of London mental health in-patients to examine changes in clinical guidance and practice and associated COVID-19 prevalence and outcomes between COVID-19 waves 1 and 2 (1 March to 30 April 2020 and 14 December 2020 to 15 February 2021).MethodWe collected the 2 month period prevalence of wave 2 of COVID-19 in older (≥65 years) in-patients and those with dementia, as well as patients’ characteristics, management and outcomes, including vaccinations. We compared these results with those of our wave 1 study.ResultsSites reported that routine testing and personal protective equipment were available, and routine patient isolation on admission occurred throughout wave 2. COVID-19 infection occurred in 91/358 (25%; 95% CI 21–30%) v. 131/344, (38%; 95% CI 33–43%) P < 0.001 in wave 1. Hospitals identified more asymptomatic carriers (26/91; 29% v. 16/130; 12%) and fewer deaths (12/91; 13% v. 19/131; 15%; odds ratio = 0.92; 0.37–1.81) compared with wave 1. The patient vaccination uptake rate was 49/58 (85%).ConclusionsPatients in psychiatric in-patient settings, mostly admitted without known SARS-CoV-2 infection, had a high risk of infection compared with people in the community but lower than that during wave 1. Availability of infection control measures in line with a policy of parity of esteem between mental and physical health appears to have lowered within-hospital COVID-19 infections and deaths. Cautious management of vulnerable patient groups including mental health patients may reduce the future impact of COVID-19.
The prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors for symptoms of depression and anxiety in a UK cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jia Ru , Ayling Kieran , Chalder Trudie , Massey Adam , Gasteiger Norina , Broadbent Elizabeth , Coupland Carol , Vedhara Kavita 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had profound consequences for population mental health. However, it is less clear for whom these effects are sustained.AimsTo investigate the prevalence, incidence, prognosis and risk factors for symptoms of depression and anxiety in a UK cohort over three distinct periods in the pandemic in 2020.MethodAn online survey was completed by a UK community cohort at three points (n = 3097 at baseline, n = 878 completed all surveys): April (baseline), July to September (time point 2) and November to December (time point 3). Participants completed validated measures of depression and anxiety on each occasion, and we prospectively explored the role of sociodemographic and psychological factors (loneliness, positive mood and perceived risk of and worry about COVID-19) as risk factors.ResultsDepression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 means: baseline, 7.69; time point 2, 5.53; time point 3, 6.06) and anxiety scores (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 means: baseline, 6.59; time point 2, 4.60; time point 3, 4.98) were considerably greater than pre-pandemic population norms at all time points. Women reported greater depression and anxiety symptoms than men. Younger age, history of mental health disorder, more COVID-19-related negative life events, greater loneliness and lower positive mood at baseline were all significant predictors of poorer mental health at time point 3.ConclusionsThe negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health has persisted to some degree. Younger people and individuals with prior mental health disorders are at greatest risk. Easing of restrictions and resumption of social interaction could mitigate the risk factors of loneliness and positive mood.
Comparison of Vonoprazan and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy with Standard Triple Therapy with Proton Pump Inhibitor for Helicobacter Pylori eradication: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Zuberi Bader Faiyaz , Ali Faiza Sadaqat , Rasheed Tazeen , Bader Nimrah , Hussain Sana Muhammad , Saleem Anoshia 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of Vonoprazan based dual treatment versus PPI based treatment for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital, DMC during the period of 22 June to 21 September 2021. Sample size was calculated as 96 in each Group. All patients of age 18-75 years with Helicobacter Pylori Infection were inducted and randomly allocated to two groups. Group-A: were given Capsule Amoxicillin 1 gm; Tablet Clarithromycin 500 mg; Capsule Omeprazole 20 mg all medications were given twice daily for two weeks. Group-B were given Capsule Amoxicillin 1 gm; Tablet Vonoprazan 20 mg (Vonozon©, m/s Getz Pharma, Pakistan) twice daily for two weeks. Confirmation of Hp eradication was done by stool Hp antigen test four weeks after completion of treatment. Nine and four patients were lost to follow-up in Group-A & B respectively. Analysis was conducted on 87 patients in Group-A and 92 patients in Group-B.
Results: Out of eighty-seven patients in Group-A and ninety-two patients in Group-B, 73 (83.9%) patients in Group-A and 86 (93.5%) patients in Group-B had negative H pylori result respectively after treatment (p = .042). Significantly higher frequencies of adverse events were observed in Group-A as compared to Group-B in nausea/vomiting (p = .035) and bloating (p = .045).
Conclusion: VA-dual provides an acceptable eradication rate with fewer adverse events.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5436
How to cite this:Zuberi BF, Ali FS, Rasheed T, Bader N, Hussain SM, Saleem A. Comparison of Vonoprazan and Amoxicillin Dual Therapy with Standard Triple Therapy with Proton Pump Inhibitor for Helicobacter Pylori eradication: A Randomized Control Trial . Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5436
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of AYUSH interventions on COVID-19: a protocol for a living systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thakar Anup , Panara Kalpesh , Goyal Mandip , Kumari Ritu , Sungchol Kim 
Published: March 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a great burden on governments and the medical fraternity globally. Many clinical studies from the Indian system of Traditional Medicines [Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy (AYUSH)] have been carried out to find appropriate solutions. Through a living systematic review and meta-analysis, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Traditional System of Indian Medicine (AYUSH system) in lowering the incidence, duration, and severity of COVID-19. Methods: We will search the following databases: Pubmed; the Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL); the Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI); Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles (DHARA); AYUSH research portal; Google scholar and World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 database. Clinical improvement, WHO ordinal scale, viral clearance, incidences of COVID-19 infection, and mortality will be considered as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes will be use of O2 therapy or mechanical ventilator, admission to high dependency unit or emergency unit, duration of hospitalization, the time to symptom resolution, and adverse events. Data will be synthesized, with RevMan 5.4 tool and the risk of bias will be assessed with RoB 2 (for RCTs) and ROBINS I (for NRSIs). Certainty of evidence will be assessed through the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) tool. The review will be updated bi-monthly with two updates. Conclusion: This living systematic review will be the first to address AYUSH interventions in COVID-19, synthesizing the full spectrum of Indian Traditional System of Medicine against COVID-19. It will facilitate professionals, guideline developers, and authorities with up to date synthesis on interventions periodically to make health-care decisions on AYUSH therapies in the management of COVID-19.
A New Scenario Reduction Method Based on Higher-Order Moments
Authors: Zhang Weiguo , He Xiaolei 
Published: March 2022

Scenario reduction is an effective method to ease the computational burden of stochastic programming problems, which aims at choosing a subset of scenarios that can better represent a large number of possible scenarios. Higher-order moments are critical in the scenario reduction process, especially for stochastic programming problems that are greatly affected by the moments. From this idea, we construct a mixed integer linear programming model to improve the reduction accuracy of traditional methods by minimizing the moments’ information loss between the original and reduced scenarios. An improved Benders decomposition algorithm is then designed to find an optimal solution for the model. Finally, the resulting scenarios are examined on an international portfolio selection problem. Empirical and comparative studies are also carried out to reveal the superiority of our proposed scenario reduction method over other existing approaches or models, together with the superior performance of the algorithm. Summary of Contribution: To effectively solve stochastic programming problems, the scenario reduction method has become an active research area to strike a balance between the fine representation of random variables and computational complexity. Thus, how to design a reasonable optimal scenario reduction model and effectively solve this complex model is very important and meaningful. On the other hand, for some stochastic programming problems, especially the portfolio selection problems, statistical properties of risky assets returns may play a more important role in the scenario reduction process. However, the traditional scenario reduction methods have ignored this point. Thus, in this paper, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model to improve the reduction accuracy by minimizing the higher-order moments’ information loss between the original and reduced scenarios. Furthermore, an accelerated Benders decomposition algorithm is also designed to solve the proposed model. Hence, the aim of this paper is to extend the existing scenario reduction method in substantial and meaningful ways.
Dos parques infantis à educação infantil à brasileira: o que a semana de 22 tem a ver com isso? Culturas infantis, pedagogias descolonizadoras e políticas públicas
Authors: Faria Ana Lúcia Goulart de , Silva Adriana Alves da 
Published: March 2022

A presente entrevista Dos Parques Infantis à Educação Infantil à brasileira: o que a Semana de 22 tem a ver com isso? (culturas infantis, pedagogias descolonizadoras e políticas públicas), realizada em meados de dezembro de 2021, com a Professora Dra. Ana Lúcia Goulart de Faria, compõe o dossiê Por uma Pedagogia Macunaímica: Infâncias, Estudos Decoloniais e Resistências Plurais na Contemporaneidade, contribuindo nas conexões de eventos e episódios ligados ao movimento modernista que ainda ressoam nas nossas invenções e transgressões no campo da educação, da cultura e da política. Destacando o Manifesto Antropofágico de 1929 e a publicação do Macunaíma de 1928, ao Parque infantil de 1935, realizações posteriores à Semana de 22, mas que fortemente contribuíram para a Educação Infantil à brasileira
Diversidade no currículo escoar: perspectivas de professoras da educação básica
Authors: Sousa Mirtes Aparecida Almeida , Salustiano Dorivaldo Alves 
Published: March 2022

O estudo da diversidade no currículo é amplo, complexo e está diretamente associado à visão de mundo predominante em determinado contexto histórico e educacional. Este artigo discute a compreensão de professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental acerca da diversidade no currículo escolar. Apresenta resultados de uma investigação qualitativa (MINAYO, 2008; MOREIRA; CALEFFE, 2008), desenvolvida mediante a análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2016) de entrevistas semiestruturadas (GIL, 2010). Os dados evidenciaram que as professoras sujeito deste estudo reconhecem a necessidade de abordar a diversidade como temática significativa no currículo escolar e buscam inclui-la em suas práticas pedagógicas. Destacaram também a importância do respaldo legal para a visibilidade de conteúdos relacionados à diversidade, sem o qual a cultura afro-indígena, as desigualdades econômicas, a diversidade de credos ou práticas religiosas, dentre outros, continuariam negligenciados enquanto objeto de estudo. Ressaltamos a importância da mediação docente na compreensão de práticas discriminatórias e excludentes, oportunizando a expressão e o reconhecimento de sujeitos silenciados e invisibilizados na escola e na sociedade. Concluímos que as questões relacionadas à diversidade ainda não receberam a devida atenção nos currículos de formação de professores, notadamente dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, e ressaltamos a importância da inclusão do tema na formação inicial e continuada de professores da educação básica.
A constituição da flexibilidade como estratégia política no esnino médio brasileiro
Authors: Bastos da Silva Santos Daiana , Dias da Silva Roberto Rafael 
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo propõe-se a compreender os sentidos de flexibilidade no Ensino Médio brasileiro na última década. Dessa forma, interessa interrogar: Como os sentidos de flexibilidade se apresentam e se articulam na mídia pedagógica impressa pesquisada no Brasil no decorrer da última década? Para tal, elege como materialidade empírica um conjunto de textos e artigos da Revista Pátio: Ensino Médio, Profissional e Tecnológico. Como grade analítica, tomou-se por base o conceito foucaultiano de tecnologia de governo. Como apontamentos gerais evidencia-se a constituição de uma tríade de sentidos, qual seja: a flexibilidade curricular pautada pela oferta de currículo flexível; a flexibilidade da prática pedagógica na organização do tempo, dos espaços e dos métodos; e a flexibilidade enquanto uma habilidade a ser desenvolvida no e pelo sujeito empreendedor de si, na produção de subjetividades capazes de gerir seu próprio capital de competências.
Linguagem e implementação de políticas: aproximações teórico-metodológicas entre o círculo de Bakhtin e o ciclo de políticas de Ball
Authors: Araújo Víviam Carvalho de , Santos Núbia Aparecida Schaper 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo trazer aproximações teórico-metodológicas entre o círculo de Mikhail Bakhtin e o ciclo de políticas (policy cycle approach) desenvolvido pelo sociólogo inglês Stephen Ball e colaboradores no que tange à compreensão de implementação de políticas no campo da Educação. A perspectiva do círculo de Bakhtin se pauta em uma concepção de linguagem que se constitui da/na relação com a estrutura social e só pode ser compreendida como acontecimento ideológico e dialógico no fluxo da história. Para Ball e colaboradores há um processo de recontextualização das políticas, que são compostas por arenas de sentidos e negociações. Transcender a ideia de que a produção da política está apartada da vida concreta da produção discursiva dos sujeitos e seus grupos sociais e dos processos que as legitimam confirma a aproximação de alguns conceitos que sustentam a perspectiva de linguagem em Bakhtin com o ciclo de políticas organizado por Ball. A discussão caminha para considerar que a arquitetônica de linguagem e de ciências humanas em Bakhtin, dialogando com conceitos do seu círculo na direção do ciclo de políticas de Ball, principalmente na concepção da política como discurso, pode orientar o olhar para analisar a implementação de políticas no campo da Educação.
Effect of immediate electrical stimulation in the distal segment of the nerve with Wallerian degeneration in rats with sciatic nerve injury
Authors: Hamid Agus Roy Rusly Hariantana , Maliawan Sri , Samatra Dewa Putu Gde Purwa , Astawa Nyoman Mantik , Bakta I Made , Jawi I Made , Manuaba Ida Bagus Putra , Sukrama I Made Dewa , Perdanakusuma David Sontani 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND Electrical stimulation in the proximal segment is one of the modalities for peripheral nerve injury, although it is prone to cause excessive axonal sprouting growth in the proximal segment of the nerve. This study aimed to show that immediate electrical stimulation in the distal segment of the sciatic nerve in Wistar rats accelerated Wallerian degeneration by increasing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-10, and galectin-3/MAC-2 macrophages to avoid sprouting axons excessively in the proximal segment.
METHODS This was an experimental study using male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a randomized post-test only control group design. The treatment group received immediate electrical stimulation (20 Hz, 2 mA, for 5 sec) to the distal nerve after sciatic nerve injury, while the control group received no treatment. After 3 days, tissue samples were extracted from the distal segment of the sciatic nerve to examine the level of TNF-α, IL-10, and galectin 3/Mac-2 macrophages using ELISA and from proximal nerves to histologically examine the sprouting axons.
RESULTS Rats in the treatment group had higher TNF-α (52.1 [10.32] versus 40.4 [17.71] pg/100 mg, p = 0.031) and higher IL-10 (918 [167.6] versus 759 [158.9] pg/ml, p = 0.010). Expression of galectin 3/Mac-2 macrophages was similar in both groups (465 [49.5] versus 444 [54.4] pg/100 mg, p = 0.247). The number of sprouting axons was lower in the treatment group (2 [IQR 1–2] versus 2.5 [IQR 2–3], p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS Immediate electrical stimulation in the distal segment of the sciatic nerve can accelerate nerve regeneration.
Impact of screen time during COVID-19 on eating habits, physical activity, sleep, and depression symptoms: A cross-sectional study in Indian adolescents
Authors: Moitra Panchali , Madan Jagmeet 
Published: March 2022

Objective
This study attempted to address the limited knowledge regarding the impact of screen time (ST) on lifestyle behaviors in Indian adolescents during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives were to 1) evaluate frequency and duration of using screens, and screen addiction behaviors in 10–15 years old adolescents in Mumbai during the COVID-19 pandemic and 2) examine the association of ST with lifestyle behaviors- eating habits, snacking patterns, physical activity (PA) levels, sleep quality and depression symptoms.

Methods
An online survey was completed between January and March 2021. Eating habits, snacking patterns, time spent in different screen-based activities, and screen addiction behaviors were reported. The PA levels, sleep quality, and depression symptoms were evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children/Adolescents (PAQ C/A), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the impact of ST on lifestyle behaviors.

Results
Adolescents (n = 1298, Mage 13.2(1.1), 53.3% boys) reported the mean weekday and weekend ST as 442.3 (201.5) minutes/d and 379.9 (178.2) minutes/d respectively. Overall, 33.4% spent > 6hours/d for studying or doing homework, 65.4% used social networking sites for at least 2–3 hours/d, and 70.7% agreed that ST had taken up the majority of their leisure time. Only 12% engaged in moderate to vigorous PA (PAQ C/A scores <2). More than half (52.5%) reported PSQI >5 indicating poor sleep quality and 8.6% scored ≥ 3 on PHQ-2 to suggest a risk of depression. A higher ST was associated with lower PA and increased sleep problems and a greater screen addiction was inversely associated with the eating habit, PA, and sleep-related variables.

Conclusion
The study draws attention to a high prevalence of excess ST and its impact on eating habits, PA levels, and sleep quality in Indian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted health promotion interventions that encourage judicious use of screens for education and entertainment and emphasize the adverse health effects of excess ST are required.