bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep RNA sequencing of intensive care unit patients with COVID-19
Authors: Fredericks Alger M. , Jentzsch Maximilian S. , Cioffi William G. , Cohen Maya , Fairbrother William G. , Gandhi Shivam J. , Harrington Elizabeth O. , Nau Gerard J. , Reichner Jonathan S. , Ventetuolo Corey E. , Levy Mitchell M. , Ayala Alfred , Monaghan Sean F. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 has impacted millions of patients across the world. Molecular testing occurring now identifies the presence of the virus at the sampling site: nasopharynx, nares, or oral cavity. RNA sequencing has the potential to establish both the presence of the virus and define the host’s response in COVID-19. Single center, prospective study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit where deep RNA sequencing (> 100 million reads) of peripheral blood with computational biology analysis was done. All patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Clinical data was prospectively collected. We enrolled fifteen patients at a single hospital. Patients were critically ill with a mortality of 47% and 67% were on a ventilator. All the patients had the SARS-CoV-2 RNA identified in the blood in addition to RNA from other viruses, bacteria, and archaea. The expression of many immune modulating genes, including PD-L1 and PD-L2, were significantly different in patients who died from COVID-19. Some proteins were influenced by alternative transcription and splicing events, as seen in HLA-C, HLA-E, NRP1 and NRP2. Entropy calculated from alternative RNA splicing and transcription start/end predicted mortality in these patients. Current upper respiratory tract testing for COVID-19 only determines if the virus is present. Deep RNA sequencing with appropriate computational biology may provide important prognostic information and point to therapeutic foci to be precisely targeted in future studies.
Internal state affects local neuron function in an early sensory processing center to shape olfactory behavior in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Odell Seth R. , Clark David , Zito Nicholas , Jain Roshni , Gong Hui , Warnock Kendall , Carrion-Lopez Ricardo , Maixner Coral , Prieto-Godino Lucia , Mathew Dennis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCrawling insects, when starved, tend to have fewer head wavings and travel in straighter tracks in search of food. We used the Drosophila melanogaster larva to investigate whether this flexibility in the insect’s navigation strategy arises during early olfactory processing and, if so, how. We demonstrate a critical role for Keystone-LN, an inhibitory local neuron in the antennal lobe, in implementing head-sweep behavior. Keystone-LN responds to odor stimuli, and its inhibitory output is required for a larva to successfully navigate attractive and aversive odor gradients. We show that insulin signaling in Keystone-LN likely mediates the starvation-dependent changes in head-sweep magnitude, shaping the larva’s odor-guided movement. Our findings demonstrate how flexibility in an insect’s navigation strategy can arise from context-dependent modulation of inhibitory neurons in an early sensory processing center. They raise new questions about modulating a circuit’s inhibitory output to implement changes in a goal-directed movement.
Effect of fermented rapeseed meal in the mixture for growing pigs on the gastrointestinal tract, antioxidant status, and immune response
Authors: Czech Anna , Nowakowicz-Debek Bożena , Łukaszewicz Marcin , Florek Mariusz , Ossowski Mateusz , Wlazło Łukasz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe ban on the use of zinc oxide has increased interest in probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and organic acids, as well as fermented components in the diet of weaned piglets. This study assessed the effect of 8% fermented rapeseed meal in weaner diets on characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, the small intestinal microbiota, and immune and antioxidant status. The effects were determined by measuring biochemical and haematological blood parameters, levels of class G, A and M immunoglobulins and IL-6, and the antioxidant potential of the plasma. After slaughter, the gastrointestinal tract was measured, the viscosity of the digesta was determined, and microbiological tests were performed. The results showed that the fermented component reduced the viscosity of the digesta and the length of segments of the gastrointestinal tract. It caused a statistically significant increase in lactic acid bacteria and a decrease in total bacteria. The haematological and biochemical analyses of the blood confirmed the biological activity of the fermented component. Pigs from group FR had significantly higher haemoglobin levels (p = 0.001), RBC count (p = 0.015), and haematocrit (Ht) value (p < 0.001) than the control animals. A diet including 8% rapeseed meal fermented usingBacillus subtilisstrain 87Y benefits gastrointestinal function by stabilizing and improving the function of the bacterial microbiota, inhibiting growth of certain pathogens, and strengthening immunity.
A magnetic antibody-conjugated nano-system for selective delivery of Ca(OH)2 and taxotere in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Taheri-Ledari Reza , Zolfaghari Ehsan , Zarei-Shokat Simindokht , Kashtiaray Amir , Maleki Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn efficient strategy for cancer therapy is presented, in which a tumor mass is initially pretreated with calcium hydroxide, then treated with Taxotere (TXT). In this regard, an advanced delivery system based on iron oxide nanoparticles has been designed. The surface of nanoparticles was functionalized with sortilin (SORT-1, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody) that specifically encodes caov-4 ovarian cancerous cells. Plasmonic heating of the incorporated gold nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been exploited to control the release process of TXT. The in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments have exhibited high efficacy of a seven-day pretreatment by Ca(OH)2 plus 14 days treatment program by Ca(OH)2@Fe3O4/PVA/Au-SORT nano-therapeutics, where more penetration ratio resulted in tumor growth inhibition by ca. 78.3%. As a result, due to showing high values of the anti-tumor properties and biosafety, the presented pretreatment strategy is suggested for more effective treatment on the aged tumors.
A Hidden Markov Model reveals magnetoencephalography spectral frequency-specific abnormalities of brain state power and phase-coupling in neuropathic pain
Authors: Fauchon Camille , Kim Junseok A. , El-Sayed Rima , Osborne Natalie R. , Rogachov Anton , Cheng Joshua C. , Hemington Kasey S. , Bosma Rachael L. , Dunkley Benjamin T. , Oh Jiwon , Bhatia Anuj , Inman Robert D. , Davis Karen Deborah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNeuronal populations in the brain are engaged in a temporally coordinated manner at rest. Here we show that spontaneous transitions between large-scale resting-state networks are altered in chronic neuropathic pain. We applied an approach based on the Hidden Markov Model to magnetoencephalography data to describe how the brain moves from one activity state to another. This identified 12 fast transient (~80 ms) brain states including the sensorimotor, ascending nociceptive pathway, salience, visual, and default mode networks. Compared to healthy controls, we found that people with neuropathic pain exhibited abnormal alpha power in the right ascending nociceptive pathway state, but higher power and coherence in the sensorimotor network state in the beta band, and shorter time intervals between visits of the sensorimotor network, indicating more active time in this state. Conversely, the neuropathic pain group showed lower coherence and spent less time in the frontal attentional state. Therefore, this study reveals a temporal imbalance and dysregulation of spectral frequency-specific brain microstates in patients with neuropathic pain. These findings can potentially impact the development of a mechanism-based therapeutic approach by identifying brain targets to stimulate using neuromodulation to modify abnormal activity and to restore effective neuronal synchrony between brain states.
Activation of neural lineage networks and ARHGEF2 in enzalutamide-resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer and association with patient outcomes
Authors: Ning Shu , Zhao Jinge , Lombard Alan P. , D’Abronzo Leandro S. , Leslie Amy R. , Sharifi Masuda , Lou Wei , Liu Chengfei , Yang Joy C. , Evans Christopher P. , Corey Eva , Chen Hong-Wu , Yu Aiming , Ghosh Paramita M. , Gao Allen C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) after androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapies is an aggressive variant of prostate cancer with an unfavorable prognosis. The underlying mechanisms for early neuroendocrine differentiation are poorly defined and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are needed.

Methods
We performed transcriptomic analysis on the enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell line C4-2B MDVR and NEPC patient databases to identify neural lineage signature (NLS) genes. Correlation of NLS genes with clinicopathologic features was determined. Cell viability was determined in C4-2B MDVR and H660 cells after knocking down ARHGEF2 using siRNA. Organoid viability of patient-derived xenografts was measured after knocking down ARHGEF2.

Results
We identify a 95-gene NLS representing the molecular landscape of neural precursor cell proliferation, embryonic stem cell pluripotency, and neural stem cell differentiation, which may indicate an early or intermediate stage of neuroendocrine differentiation. These NLS genes positively correlate with conventional neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin and synaptophysin, and negatively correlate with AR and AR target genes in advanced prostate cancer. Differentially expressed NLS genes stratify small-cell NEPC from prostate adenocarcinoma, which are closely associated with clinicopathologic features such as Gleason Score and metastasis status. Higher ARGHEF2, LHX2, and EPHB2 levels among the 95 NLS genes correlate with a shortened survival time in NEPC patients. Furthermore, downregulation of ARHGEF2 gene expression suppresses cell viability and markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in enzalutamide-resistant and neuroendocrine cells.

Conclusions
The 95 neural lineage gene signatures capture an early molecular shift toward neuroendocrine differentiation, which could stratify advanced prostate cancer patients to optimize clinical treatment and serve as a source of potential therapeutic targets in advanced prostate cancer.
Differentialtherapeutische Zugänge zum distalen
Radioulnargelenk und zur distalen Ulna
Authors: van Schoonhoven Jörg 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Bereich des distalen Radioulnargelenkes und des ulnokarpalen Handgelenkes
befinden sich eine Vielzahl anatomischer Strukturen auf engem Raum. Daher
müssen sich die Zugänge an der konkret zugrundeliegenden
Pathologie orientieren. Dazu kann das distale Radioulnargelenk von einem
dorsalen oder einem palmaren Zugang operativ zugängig gemacht werden.
Die knöchernen Eingriffe zur Behandlung der Arthrose des DRUG mit
Resektionsverfahren am Ulnakopf und die destabilisierenden ligamentären
Verletzungen des ulnokarpalen Bandkomplexes bedürfen eines dorsalen
Zugangs unterschiedlicher Ausdehnung. Dieser Zugang erlaubt eine exzellente
Darstellung des Ulnakopfes und der wesentlichen Ansatzstellen des ulnokarpalen
Bandkomplexes. Die arthroskopisch unterstützte, knöcherne
Refixierung des ulnaren Abrisses des ulnokarpalen Bandkomplexes kann
über unterschiedliche minimalinvasive Zugänge erfolgen.
Pathologien, deren Ursache im palmaren Bereich des distalen Radioulnargelenkes
liegen, wie die palmare Luxation des Ulnakopfes im distalen Radioulnargelenk
oder die Vernarbung der palmaren Gelenkkapsel mit subsequenter
Pronationskontraktur müssen auch von palmar operativ zugängig
gemacht werden. Demgegenüber erfolgen die verschiedenen
Osteosyntheseverfahren bei Frakturen im Bereich des Ulnakopfes über
einen lateralen distalen Zugang, der zwischen der Flexor und der Extensor carpi
ulnaris Sehne mittig über dem Processus styloideus ulnae und dem
lateralen Ulnakopf angelegt wird. Im Bereich des Ulnaschaftes erfolgen sowohl
die elektiven Ulnaverkürzungsosteotomie, als auch die Osteosynthesen von
Frakturen über einen ulnopalmaren Zugang.
Phosphine-Catalyzed Z-Selective Carbofluorination of Alkynoates Bearing an N-Heteroarene Unit
Authors: Tobisu Mamoru , Fujimoto Hayato , Yamamura Shisato , Takenaka Namiki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report herein on the phosphine-catalyzed Z-selective carbofluorination of alkynoates bearing an N-heteroarene unit, by using acyl fluorides as bifunctional reagents. This reaction proceeds through a pentacoordinate fluorophosphorane(V) intermediate, resulting in the formation of a C–F bond by a ligand coupling process. The Z-selectivity is attributed to the thermodynamic stabilization of a Z-isomer by orbital interactions between lone pair electrons of an N-heteroarene and the π* orbital of a carbonyl group.
PET Imaging and Neurohistochemistry Reveal that Curcumin Attenuates Brain Hypometabolism and Hippocampal Damage Induced by Status Epilepticus in Rats
Authors: Slowing Karla , Gomez Francisca , Delgado Mercedes , Fernández de la Rosa Rubén , Hernández-Martín Nira , Pozo Miguel Ángel , García-García Luis 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNumerous preclinical studies provide evidence that curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric) has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant properties against various neurological disorders. Curcumin neuroprotective effects have been reported in different animal models of epilepsy, but its potential effect
attenuating brain glucose hypometabolism, considered as an early marker of epileptogenesis that occurs during the silent period following status epilepticus (SE), still has not been
addressed. To this end, we used the lithium-pilocarpine rat model to induce SE. Curcumin was administered orally (300 mg/kg/day, for 17 days). Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in
vivo by 2-deoxy-2-[18F]Fluoro-D-Glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, hippocampal integrity, neurodegeneration, microglia-mediated
neuroinflammation, and reactive astrogliosis were evaluated as markers of brain damage. SE resulted in brain glucose hypometabolism accompanied by body weight (BW) loss, hippocampal neuronal
damage, and neuroinflammation. Curcumin did not reduce the latency time to the SE onset, nor the mortality rate associated with SE. Nevertheless, it reduced the number of seizures, and in
the surviving rats, curcumin protected BW and attenuated the short-term glucose brain hypometabolism as well as the signs of neuronal damage and neuroinflammation induced by the SE. Overall,
our results support the potential adaptogen-like effects of curcumin attenuating key features of SE-induced brain damage.
Synthesis of Lincosamide Analogues via Oxime Resin Aminolysis
Authors: Giguère Denis , Tremblay Thomas , Haguette Pénélope , Robert-Scott Gabrielle , Alcée Jessica B. , Bérubé Christopher , Bergeron Catherine , Voyer Normand 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, the synthetic development of an oxime resin aminolysis to lincosamide analogues is described. This synthetic endeavor hinges on a protecting-group-free strategy of the amino sugar nucleophiles. The cleavage from the solid support is achieved under mild conditions in a buffer solution and allows the preparation of a wide diversity of amino acid moieties onto glycosylamine scaffolds. The strategy is further exploited using methylthiolincosamine to generate rapidly complex lincomycin analogues. The results pave the way to access efficiently novel potentially relevant antibacterial compounds.
Plugging the Unplugged: Simultaneous Percutaneous Closure of Anterior Mitral Leaflet and Aortic Root Perforation
Authors: Nanda Chinmaya , Banerjee Sudipto , Mehta Yatin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere are very few case reports of percutaneous device closure of anterior mitral leaflet perforation. We describe here a case of simultaneous percutaneous closure of aortic root perforation and anterior mitral perforation. These cases are challenging as they are presently done in high-risk patients with no guidelines described to date.
Splenic Artery Pseudoaneurysm—A Concern for the Anesthesiologist
Authors: Singh Ankita , Makhija Neeti , Somani Shruti , Verma Mansi , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPseudoaneurysms as compared with aneurysms lack a true wall and have a higher propensity of rupture. Visceral artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon and are life-threatening. We, hereby, report anesthetic management of a rare case of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm that accompanied the dilatation of aorta from its origin extending up to its bifurcation.
The Importance of TEE Examination in Patients with Pseudoaneurysm of Arch of Aorta Post-TEVAR Procedure
Authors: Mital Tanya , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA 57-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with acute onset severe and tearing pain in the back. He was a chronic smoker and was a known hypertensive. He was admitted in view of type B aortic dissection with entry tear distal to left subclavian artery (LSCA) and underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) procedure for the same. Two stents (34–30–200mm size, Ankura, Lifetech, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China) were placed overlapping each other to cover the dissection flap starting from distal end of left common carotid artery to proximal part of celiac artery. Post-stenting, patient developed recurrent episodes of melena, abdominal distension, and fever that were managed conservatively. Two months later, a routine follow-up computed tomographic aortic angiography revealed a focal contrast filled outpouching (2.1*1.9cm) extending from the proximal part of endovascular stent with surrounding thrombosis from anterior wall of the aortic arch. On inspecting the arch vessels, an ostial occlusion of LSCA was also discovered. Routine blood investigations were all within normal limits. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed a normal biventricular function with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. All valves were normal.
Does Preoperative Plasma Endothelin-1 Level Influences the Postoperative Events in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)? Revisiting Endothelin-1 Molecule in CABG Patients
Authors: Choudhury Minati , Hote Milind , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Saini Savita , Kiran Usha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEndothelin-1 (ET-1) is a powerful physiological vasoconstrictor release in response to endothelial injury. Increased synthesis of endothelin is associated with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. The normal level varies between 0.2 and 18.5 pg/mL that maintains normal vascular homeostasis. We hypothesized that there exists a correlation between ET-1 and clinical outcome in patient undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.Fifty-eight patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG were enrolled in the study. Blood sample for plasma ET-1 was taken before anesthesia induction. The median ET-1 level was 5 pg/mL (range: 0.6–30.33 pg/mL). The inotropic and intraaortic balloon pump requirement was significantly higher among patients having baseline ET-1 level more than 14.24pg/mL (p = 0.001in each case). A similar finding was observed in the duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and duration of hospital stay (r = 0.68, p = 0.000; r = 0.58, p = 0.000; and r = 0.61, p = 0.000 respectively). The occurrence of complications was also more in individuals with higher baseline ET-1 level. The p-value was significant for occurrence infection, arrhythmia, renal and respiratory problems as observed in postoperative period by using Mann–Whitney U test.This study concludes that higher level of preoperative ET-1 levels correlates well to adverse clinical outcome in patients undergoing on-pump CABG surgery, so herein it can be used as a single independent parameter to predict postoperative outcome.
Echocardiography for Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients
Authors: Menon Priya , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Choudhury Minati 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeart transplantation is the only cure for patients with end-stage heart failure; the shortage of donors has led to a high mortality rate among these patients. A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a device to provide mechanical circulatory support for patients unresponsive to heart failure therapy. Echocardiography should be considered an indispensable tool in the evaluation of patients with an LVAD. In fact, as outlined in this review, it provides useful and readily available information that could be crucial for the patient's survival. In the preoperative assessment, it is important to detect through echocardiography conditions and parameters that could hint the development of a postoperative complication, in order to treat them before LVAD implant or to consider the patient ineligible to this advanced treatment.
Pathophysiology and Management of Hypercoagulation in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Tandayam Abhishek , Syed Mujtaba Hussain Naqvi , Kumar Gaurav 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNumerous systemic infections may have hypercoagulation as one of the complications, which may range from asymptomatic presentation of elevation of biochemical markers of coagulation such as that of fibrin and thrombin generation, to a much severe, symptomatic, life-threatening, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which results in the formation of thrombi in the microvasculature of various organs. This phenomenon contributes to increase in morbidity and mortality in various infectious diseases. The current review discusses various mechanisms of hypercoagulation during infections such as tissue factor activation, endothelial cell activation, inhibition of physiological anticoagulant pathways, and fibrinolysis inhibition. The review also discusses pathophysiological changes in the coagulation system and its management in the recent pandemic of COVID-19. The article also discusses role of various parenteral and oral anticoagulants in the management of infectious diseases. The review provides clinical data on various anticoagulants used during hospitalization and extended prophylaxis for the management of venous thromboembolism in various infections.
Methodology Because this is a review of published literature and no humans or animals were involved, ethical committee approval was not required and patient consent was not required.