bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Waktu Penyimpanan Inokulum Escherichia coli dan Staphilococcus aureus Pada Suhu Dingin Terhadap Jumlah Sel Bakteri di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi
Authors: Rosmania Rosmania , Yuniar Yuniar 
Published: June 2022

Bakteri yang sudah ditumbuhkan dalam media seringkali disimpan dalam suhu dingin non beku (refrigerator) setelah perlakuan atau sebelum perlakuan. Ini dikarenakan keterbatasan waktu dalam menyelesaikan penelitian dan efisiensi baik dari segi media dan waktu dalam pembuatan inokulum untuk percobaan lanjutan sehingga penelitian tentang ini perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2020 sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2020, di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas sriwijaya, Indralaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu Pembuatan Media Pemurnian, Peremajaan¸Suspensi dan Pengujian Bakteri, Sterilisasi, Pemurnian Bakteri Uji, Peremajaan Bakteri Uji, Pembuatan suspensi bakteri uji, Pengukuran jumlah bakteri secara metode hitungan cawan. waktu penyimpanan inoculum Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus sebelum disimpan (H0) dan setelah disimpan dalam lemari pendingin/ refrigerator (5 oC - 10 oC) dengan variasi penyimpanan selama 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6 dan 7 hari memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai jumlah sel (Standard Plate Count) dan nilai absorban.Kata Kunci: Bakteri; Media; Inokulum; Hitungan Cawan
Actinomycetes yang diisolat dari mangrove Rhizophora apiculata di perairan Tanjung Api-api, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Gustiana Tika , Rozirwan Rozirwan , Ulqodry T. Zia 
Published: June 2022

Actinomycetes is one type of endophytic bacteria that lives in the mangrove plant tissues. Bioactive compound which form Actinomycetes can be use as potential medicine in medic industry and pharmacy sector. This study aimed to isolate and identify the kinds of the Actinomycetes bacteria at mangrove Rhizophora apiculata from Tanjung Api-api waters, South Sumatera. This research method included measurement of environmental parameters, mangrove sampling, isolation, characterization and identification of bacteria. The result of research found two isolates of Actinomycetes in the lower roots (AB T4) and leaf (Leaf T2). The isolates code AB T4 had characteristics of moderate colony size, circular shape, entire edge, convex elevation, white colony color, had hyphae, rod-shaped cells, non motile, aerobic, gram positive, negative for oxidase, indole and gelatin, positive for catalase, citrate, urea, ornithine, aesculin, galactose, glucose and trehalose, OF oxidative and fermentative. While the isolates code Leaf T2 had characteristics of moderate colony size, irregular shape, undulate edge, raised elevation, creamy white colony color, had hyphae, gram positive, rod-shaped cells, non motile, aerobic, positive for catalase, ornithine, aesculin, celobiosa, glucose, lactose, melibiosa, sorbitol and trehalose, negative for oxidase, citrate, urea, gelatin and indole, OF oxidative and fermentative. Both isolates AB T4 and Leaf T2 were identified as Nocardia genus in lower root samples (AB T4) and Actinomadura genus in leaf samples (Leaf T2).
The genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 (Diptera: Muscidae) in Kyrgyzstan: new records and new species
Authors: Sorokina Vera S. , Pont Adrian C. 
Published: June 2022

The muscid genus Drymeia Meigen, 1826 in Kyrgyzstan has been studied. One new species is described: Drymeia ziegleri sp. nov. An annotated checklist and keys for each sex of the six named species of Kyrgyzstan Drymeia are provided. Five species are newly recorded from Kyrgyzstan. An image of the new species is given.
Patient deaths during the period of prolonged stay in cases of delayed discharge for nonclinical reasons at a university hospital: a cross sectional study
Authors: Pellico-López Amada , Herrero-Montes Manuel , Cantarero Prieto David , Fernández-Feito Ana , Cayon-De las Cuevas Joaquin , Parás-Bravo Paula , Paz-Zulueta María 
Published: June 2022

Background
Delayed discharge for non-clinical reasons also affects patients in need of palliative care. Moreover, the number of people dying in hospitals has been increasing in recent years. Our aim was to describe characteristics of patients who died during prolonged stay, in comparison with the rest of patients with delayed discharge, in terms of length of hospital stay, patient characteristics and the context of care.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study at a high complexity public hospital in Northern Spain (2007–2015) was conducted. To compare the differential characteristics of the groups of patients died during delayed discharge with the rest, Student’s T test and Pearson’s chi-square test (χ2) were used.

Results
A total of 198 patients died (6.57% of the total), with a mean total stay of 27.45 days and a prolonged stay of 10.69 days. Mean age 77.27 years. These were highly complex cases, 77.79% resided in the urban area, were admitted urgently (95.45%), to internal medicine or oncology wards, and the most common diagnosis was pneumonia. In people with terminal illness, clinicians can better identify when therapeutic possibilities are exhausted and acute hospitalization is not an adequate resource for their needs. Living in an urban area with the availability of palliative care hospital beds is related to the decision to die in hospital.
Screening of Zinc Solubilizing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Potential Tool for Biofortification in Rice
Authors: Rion Md Shafiul Islam , Rahman Atiqur , Khatun Mst. Julekha , Zakir H. M. , Rashid M. Harun , Quadir Quazi Forhad 
Published: June 2022

Aims: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance growth by making plant nutrients available to plants under a variety of growing conditions. The study was designed to screen zinc (Zn) solubilizing rhizobacteria and test their colonization ability in the rice rhizosphere.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were conducted in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, from January 2019 to July 2019.
Methodology: Initially, thirty-two previously isolated rhizobacteria were used for screening Zn solubilizing ability under a solid medium. Selected rhizobacteria from previous screening were used to quantify Zn solubilization in broth culture and evaluate their root colonization in rice using water agar media in a growth chamber. Early seedling growth was monitored for two weeks, and root-shoot lengths were recorded. Eleven of the tested rhizobacteria responded positively to ZnO-containing media.
Results: The Zn solubilizing index (ZSI) of the positive isolates ranged between 1.08-2.25 after 5 days of incubation. Isolate MQ1 solubilized the highest Zn both in solid medium (ZSI=2.25) and culture broth (solubilized 220.20 ppm Zn). The colonization of bacteria in the root zone was also investigated via bio-primed rice seeds of Binadhan-20. Eight of 11 isolates (MQ1, MQ2, MQ3, MQ4, OSbr5, OSbr6, EC1, and MQL9) showed substantial colonization in the rhizosphere after two weeks. The germination percentage of bio-primed seeds was not increased over the control, however, in most cases, bio-priming boasted early seedling growth. The OSbr5, OSbr6, and MQ6 isolates were superior performers in case of root and shoot growth.
Conclusion: The study identified some Zn solubilizing isolates, revealed their root colonizing ability, and observed early plant growth promotion. These isolates could be used as a potential tool for the Zn biofortification approach in rice.
Metabolic Inhibitors, Elicitors, and Precursors as Tools for Probing Yield Limitation in Taxane Production by Taxuschinensis Cell Cultures
Authors: Srinivasan V. , Ciddi V. , Bringi V. , Shuler M. L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInhibition of biosynthetic enzymes and translation and translocation processes, elicitation, and precursor feeding were used to probe biosynthetic pathway compartmentation, substrate−product relationships, and yield limitation of the diterpenoid taxanes in cell cultures of Taxus chinensis (PRO1–95). The results suggest the following: (i) the source of isopentenyl pyrophosphate in taxane production is likely plastidic rather than cytoplasmic; (ii) baccatin III may not be a direct precusor of Taxol (Taxol is a registered trademark of Bristol‐Myers Squibb for paclitaxel); (iii) baccatin III appears to have cytoplasmic and plastidic biosynthetic components, while Taxol production is essentially plastidic; and (iv) arachidonic acid specifically stimulates Taxol production but does not have a significant effect on baccatin III yield. Semiempirical mathematical models were used to describe these results and predict potential yield‐limiting steps. Model simulations suggest that, under current operating conditions, Taxol production in Taxus chinensis (PRO1–95) cultures is limited by the ability of the cells to convert phenylalanine to phenylisoserine rather than by the branch‐point acyl transferase. This result is supported by the lack of improvement of Taxol yield by feeding phenylalanine or benzoylglycine. The methods described in this article, while specifically expanding our knowledge of taxane production in PRO1–95 cultures, could be generally useful in investigating complex aspects of secondary metabolic pathways in plant cell cultures, especially when details of the pathway and compartmentation are sparse.
Oral candidiasis as a clinical marker related to viral load, CD4 lymphocyte count and CD4 lymphocyte percentage in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Campo J. , Del Romero J. , Castilla J. , García S. , Rodríguez C. , Bascones A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:  High viral load is currently considered to be one of the main indicators of the progression of HIV‐induced immunodepression, but few studies have analysed its relationship to the presence of oral candidiasis (OC). The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to analyse the relationship between viral load, total CD4 lymphocyte count, and percentage of CD4 lymphocytes to the occurrence of OC.Methods:  The present cross‐sectional study included 156 HIV‐infected patients seen at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases and HIV. We assesed the presence or absence of OC, and microbiological samples were obtained from the palatine mucosa and dorsal tongue for a smear stained with KOH (potassium hydroxide) and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar in all patients. Viral load was determined by quantification of viral RNA in peripheral blood with a minimum detectable level of 500 RNA copies/ml. CD4+ counts/CD4+ percentage were categorized as <200/<14%, 200–499/14–28%, and >500/>29%, and HIV viral loads were categorized as <500, 500–10,000, >10,000 copies/ml.Results:  Thirty‐eight percent (37.8%) of the patients had OC. Patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 200×106/l and CD4+ percentages below 14% showed a significantly higher frequency of OC (57.9% and 48.0%, respectively). Patients with a viral load over 10,000 copies/ml also had OC more frequently (44.8%). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, OC showed a statistically significant association with high viral load [>10,000 vs <500, odds ratio (OR)=11.4], low percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes (<14% vs >28%, OR=5), and injection drug use (IDU vs heterosexual transmission, OR=10.2). In HIV‐infected patients, high viral load was associated with more frequent OC, regardless of CD4+ lymphocyte level.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that oral candidiasis could be a useful clinical marker of patients with high viral load. In view of these results, emphasis should be placed on the importance of systematic examination of the oral cavity in all medical follow‐up examinations of HIV‐infected patients.
Baseline ophthalmic findings in the Vitamin E, Cataract and Age‐Related Maculopathy (VECAT) study
Authors: PhD L D Robman , GradDip G Tikellis , BapplSc S K M Garrett , Fraco C A Harper , Fracp J J McNeil , Fraco H R Taylor , PhD C A McCarty 
Published: July 2002

Purpose: To describe the methodology of eye examination and the baseline eye characteristics of the Vitamin E, Cataract and Age‐Related Maculopathy (VECAT) study participants. Methods: A sample of volunteers from an urban area of Melbourne, Australia, were recruited to participate in a randomized, controlled trial investigating the effect of vitamin E on the development of cataract and age‐related maculopathy. Standardized eye examinations involved clinical assessment, which included Wilmer grading of the lens, digital photography of the lens with Nidek EAS‐1000 lens camera and stereo photography of the macular area with the Nidek 3‐DX fundus camera. All cases of ophthalmic findings were determined on the basis of pathology in the worse eye. Results: Most eyes were free from abnormalities. The most frequent findings were cataract and age‐related macular changes. Nuclear cataract (nuclear opacity grade ≥2) was present in 4.5%, cortical cataract (cortical opacity grade ≥2) in 14.3% and posterior subcapsular cataract in 3.0% of participants; in addition, coronary cataract was observed in 13.6%. Soft drusen larger than 125 μm were found in 11.4%, retinal pigment epithelium changes in 9.5%, epiretinal membrane in 6.6% and age‐related macular degeneration in 0.5% of participants. Summary: Due to the selection criteria, the majority of participants had clear or minor lens changes and/or minor retinal age‐related changes. Precise instrumental documentation will allow an accurate assessment of the incidence and dynamics of these changes throughout 4 years of observation.
A child and adolescent psychiatric outreach service for rural New South Wales: A telemedicine pilot study
Authors: Dossetor DR , Nunn KP , Fairley M , Eggleton D 
Published: July 2002

Objective: To examine the feasibility of a tertiary outreach service in child and adolescent psychiatry to two rural health centres in New South Wales, Australia.Methods: Following a site visit to Dubbo Hospital and Bourke Hospital, telemedical videoconferencing was provided for 2 h/week for 32 weeks. Details of referrers, patients’ diagnosis and outcome, and satisfaction with the service were obtained.Results: Cases were triaged by a nominated rural adolescent mental health worker. The service provided detailed assessment and management of severe, complex, mental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Fifty‐four young people were assessed and 72 joint consultative videoconferencing interviews were undertaken, including 26 initial consultations. Twenty‐three initial consultations were undertaken on the visit to the rural centres. Clinical descriptions illustrate the flexibility and sensitivity of the service.Conclusion: Telepsychiatry provides access to a flexible, effective tertiary service for those with special, complex needs, including the disadvantaged or isolated. It makes a valuable, economic contribution to supporting and educating rural health professionals, thereby enriching rural mental health services.
Teaching patients to monitor their risk factors retards the progression of vascular complications in high‐risk patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus—a randomized prospective study
Authors: Rachmani R. , Levi Z. , Slavachevski I. , Avin M. , Ravid M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAims Intensive management of risk parameters in diabetic patients may retard the progression of both micro‐ and macrovascular complications. Intensified care requires expert staff and is expensive. The aim of the present study was to examine whether sharing the therapeutic responsibility with the patients will improve the outcome.Methods A randomized prospective study of 165 patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2, hypertension (> 140/90 mmHg) and hyperlipidaemia (LDL‐C > 120 mg/dl). Patients were randomly allocated to standard annual consultation (SC) or to a patient participation programme (PP). The medical care for both groups was administered by primary care physicians, who were unaware of the nature of the intervention.Results At 4 years the mean blood pressure was 148/88 (± 6.1/1.7) mmHg in the SC patients vs. 142/84 (± 5.8/1.8) mmHg in the PP group (P = 0.02). The mean LDL‐C was 124 ± 8 and 114 ± 6 mg/dl (P = 0.01) and the mean HbA1c was 8.9 ± 1.2% and 8.2 ± 1.5% (P = 0.04) in the SC and PP groups, respectively. The average annual fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate was 3.5 ml/min per year in the SC group vs. 2.25 in the PP group (P < 0.05). Albumin/creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g developed in four SC patients vs. none of the PP patients. There was a total of 36 cardiovascular events in the SC group vs. 23 in the PP group (P = 0.04). All patients in the PP group received ACE inhibitors (or AII blockers) and statins vs. 52% and 43%, respectively, in the SC group. Glucose‐lowering regimens were similar.Conclusions Well‐informed and motivated patients were more insistent to reach and maintain target values of the main risk factors of diabetic complications. The differences between the PP and SC groups were of the same order of magnitude as those between intensive and standard care groups in other studies albeit with, comparatively, a very modest cost.
Skin involvement in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia as a predictor of transformation into acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Pont V , Miquel FJ , Grau C , Hernández F , Sánchez‐Carazo JL , Aliaga A 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe report on the case of a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who presented with leukaemia cutis preceding development of acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukaemic infiltration of the skin should be considered an early manifestation of leukaemic transformation and an indicator of poor prognosis in MDS.
Accommodation to static chromatic simulations of blurred retinal images
Authors: Lee John H. , Stark Lawrence R. , Cohen Sara , Kruger Philip B. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe eye’s longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) is known to drive ‘reflex’ accommodation to moving objects, but the evidence is not as clear for stationary objects. The present study examined whether accommodation can be driven by static simulations of the effects of defocus and LCA. Accommodation was recorded continuously while each of 12 subjects viewed images (through a 0.75 mm pinhole) that simulated the appearances of blurred sine wave gratings (3.9 c.p.d.). In two experimental conditions, an eye with normal LCA was assumed and defocus of +1 D or −1 D was simulated. In a control condition, an eye with neutralised LCA was assumed and target defocus of 1 D was simulated. Subjects’ accommodation responses were consistent with the hypothesis that LCA provides a stimulus to accommodation. Chromatic aberration drives accommodation to both moving and stationary objects, and thus is an important stimulus for accommodation in everyday situations. The study findings are discussed in relation to colour vision, visual display terminals and emmetropization.
Within‐Patient Early Versus Delayed Treatment of Migraine Attacks With Almotriptan: The Sooner the Better
Authors: Pascual Julio , Cabarrocas Xavier 
Published: July 2002

Background.—Migraine sufferers typically have been instructed to delay triptan therapy until headache intensity is at least moderate. Recent data suggest that earlier use of triptans may be more beneficial.Objective.—To address the potential “within‐patient” benefit of intervention with almotriptan 12.5 mg for migraine headache of mild intensity.Methods.—We performed a post hoc analysis of a subgroup of patients from a large, open‐label, long‐term clinical trial wherein 762 migraineurs used almotriptan 12.5 mg for headache attacks of any severity. Specifically, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment in those patients who had treated at least 3 “mild” attacks and 3 “moderate/severe” attacks, examining rates of pain‐free status, use of rescue medication, early recurrence, and adverse events for the first 3 mild and the first 3 moderate/severe attacks treated.Results.—There were 118 migraineurs and 708 attacks available for analysis. At 1 hour following treatment, pain‐free status was achieved in 47% of mild attacks versus 14% of moderate/severe attacks (P<.001); incidences at 2 hours were 84% of mild attacks and 53% of moderate/severe attacks (P<.001). The chance of achieving pain‐free status at 1 hour in at least 2 of 3 treated attacks was 45% for mild attacks and 9% for moderate/severe attacks; at 2 hours the percentages were 88% for mild attacks and 56% for moderate/severe attacks. Rescue medication was required in 8% of mild attacks and in 13% of moderate/severe attacks (P<.01). The incidence of early recurrence was 28% for mild attacks and 33% for moderate/severe attacks (P<.01). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse events for mild versus moderate/severe attacks (6% versus 7%).Conclusion.—These results support early intervention with oral triptan therapy. When used for mild intensity head pain, almotriptan 12.5 mg produced a significantly higher incidence of pain‐free status at 1 and 2 hours and lower incidences of early headache recurrence or need for rescue medication.
A multielement Ge detector with complete spectrum readout for x-ray fluorescence microprobe and microspectroscopy (abstract)
Authors: Rivers Mark L. , Sutton Stephen R. , Rarback Harvey 
Published: July 2002

Multielement Ge and Si(Li) detectors have been used in recent years to improve the increase count rate capability and to improve the solid-angle efficiency in fluorescence x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Such systems have typically been equipped with one or more single-channel analyzers (SCAs) for each detector element. Such SCA-based electronics are sufficient when only the counts in one or two well-resolved peaks are of interest. For the fluorescence (XRF) microprobe at beamline X-26A at the NSLS, SCA-based electronics were not a satisfactory solution for two reasons: (1) for XRF experiments, the entire fluorescence spectrum is required; (2) for micro-XAS studies of trace elements in complex systems, the fluorescence peak often sits on a significant background or partially overlaps another fluorescence peak, requiring software background subtraction or peak deconvolution. An electronics system which permits collection of the entire fluorescence spectrum from each detector element has been designed. The system is made cost-effective by the use of analog multiplexors, reducing the number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and multichannel analyzers (MCAs) required. The system was manufactured by Canberra Industries and consists of: (1) a 13 element Ge detector (11 mm diameter detector elements), (2) 13 NIM spectroscopy amplifiers with programmable gains, (3) four analog multiplexors with maximum of eight inputs each, (4) four ADCs with programmable offsets and gains and 800 ns conversion time, and (5) two MCAs with Ethernet communications ports and two ADC inputs each.
The amplifiers have shaping times which are adjustable from 0.5 to 12 μs. The analog multiplexors were modified to perform pileup rejection. The analog multiplexing does not significantly reduce the count rate capability of the system, even at the shortest amplifier shaping times. The average detector resolution is 170 eV at 12 μs shaping time and 200 eV at 4 μs shaping time. The maximum aggregate count rate is 400 kHz with 0.5 μs shaping time. The system is controlled by software based upon a package from Canberra and another commercial package (IDL), both running on a VAXstation 4000/90. The software automatically adjusts the gains of the amplifiers and offsets of the ADCs so that the spectra from each detector have identical calibrations and can be added channel for channel. The overhead to read a 1024 channel spectrum from each of the 13 elements and sum them is about 2 s. The software allows a range of options for data storage, from saving the complete spectrum for each of the 13 detectors elements (≳50 000 bytes/point) to saving only the net counts under a single fluorescence peak summed over all the detector elements (4 bytes/point). These data can be stored at each pixel in an elemental map or at each point in a monochromator scan. The system has been commissioned and is being used for XRF and micro-XAS studies.