bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative assessment for removal of anionic dye from water by different waste-derived biochar vis a vis reusability of generated sludge
Authors: Singh Mayank , Ahsan Mohd. , Pandey Versha , Singh Anupama , Mishra Disha , Tiwari Neerja , Singh Pooja , Karak Tanmoy , Khare Puja 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, four biochars prepared from different crop residue waste i.e. sugarcane bagasse (SBB), coconut shell (CNB), paddy straw (PDB), and distilled waste of lemongrass (LGB) were evaluated for removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R from the aqueous system. The RBBR adsorption capacities of biochar were 97–79% for SBB, 99.9–99.47% for CNB, 66.1–48% for PDB, and 78–68% for LGB, dominantly controlled by their aromaticity and mineral content. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo-second-order kinetic models have described the chemisorption of RBBR on biochar surfaces. The thermodynamic data suggested that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. These biochars demonstrated excellent reusability (till four cycles with 50–61% regeneration). The purified water and biochar dye sludge demonstrated no phytotoxicity. The findings obtained in this study may provide supports for the potential of biochars for anionic dye removal from water and utilization of generated sludge for zero waste-producing technologies in the future.
Impacts of temperatures and phosphoric-acid modification to the physicochemical properties of biochar for excellent sulfadiazine adsorption
Authors: Zeng Xue-Yu , Wang Yu , Li Rong-Xin , Cao Hai-Lei , Li Ya-Feng , Lü Jian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe textural properties and surface chemistry of phosphoric acid-modified biochars (PABCs) prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (500–700 °C) were studied based on the results obtained from XRD, SEM, BET, FT-IR, Raman, XPS and elements analyses. PABCs prepared at higher temperatures tended to possess a bigger proportion of microporous structure. The adsorption capacity and initial rate of PABCs for sulfadiazine (SDZ) were notably improved to 139.2 mg/g and 9.66 mg/(g min) as calculated from the Langmuir model. The adsorption equilibrium time was only one quarter of that without modification. The H3PO4 modification was advantageous to produce phosphate and break functional groups to form disordered carbon structure abundant of micropores. The enhancement in the adsorption of SDZ was due to the confinement effect of hydrophobic cavities from the mircoporous structure and the π–π electron–donor–acceptor interaction. Specially, PABCs exhibited stable adsorption capacities at a wide pH range (3.0–9.0) or relatively high concentrations of coexisting ions.
Resident Match During the COVID Pandemic: How Have Neurology Programs Adapted? – A Survey
Authors: Niznick Naomi , Lun Ronda , Gotfrit Ryan , Deguise Marc-Olivier , Ramsay Tim , Blacquiere Dylan , Lelli Daniel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:We aimed to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of interventions implemented by Canadian neurology residency programs for the 2020–2021 iteration of the Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS).Methods:A cross-sectional survey was distributed to Canadian neurology residency programs and final-year Canadian medical students who applied to at least one neurology program during the 2020–2021 match cycle. The surveys evaluated pre-interview and interview period interventions implemented by Canadian neurology residency programs and accessed by medical students.Results:Thirty-five medical students and 13 out of 15 institutions in Canada with neurology residency programs responded to the survey. Multiple adaptations were implemented, including social media advertisement, web-based platforms, pre-interview information sessions, and teaching sessions, with all surveyed programs implementing at least two virtual interventions. We found that all interventions were perceived as adequate by a majority (>60%) of medical students, with pre-interview period virtual information sessions perceived as effective by the largest proportion of respondents. All Canadian neurology residency programs held virtual interviews for the 2020–2021 cycle, and most programs utilized the same interview structure as prior years. There was discordance between residency program stakeholders and medical students on the most helpful interview period modality. Medical students found the hospital tours and information sessions most valuable, whereas program stakeholders perceived the virtual socials and interviews as most helpful.Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic has led to innovative adaptations implemented by Canadian neurology residency programs, which were seen as effective by both medical students and program stakeholders.
Investing in mental health in Somalia: harnessing community mental health services through task shifting
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed , Malik Mamunur Rahman , Noor Zeynab 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increase of mental health issues globally has been well documented and now reflected in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals as a matter of global health significance. At the same time, studies show the mental health situations in conflict and post-conflict settings much higher than the rest of the world, lack the financial, health services and human resource capacity to address the challenges.MethodsThe study used a descriptive literature review and collected data from public domain, mostly mental health data from WHO's Global Health Observatory. Since there is no primary database for Somalia's public health research, the bibliographic databases used for mental health in this study included Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar.ResultsThe review of the mental health literature shows one of the biggest casualties of the civil war was loss of essential human resources in healthcare as most either fled the country or were part of the victims of the war.ConclusionIn an attempt to address the human resource gap, there are calls to task-shift so that available human resource can be utilized efficiently and effectively. This policy paper discusses the case of Somalia, the impact of decade-long civil conflict on mental health and health services, the significant gap in mental health service delivery and how to strategically and evidently task-shift in closing the mental health gap in service delivery.
Antibiotic prophylaxis prescriptions prior to dental visits in the Veterans’ Health Administration (VHA), 2015–2019
Authors: Suda Katie J. , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Gibson Gretchen , Jurasic M. Marianne , Poggensee Linda , Echevarria Kelly , Hubbard Colin C. , McGregor Jessina C. , Evans Charlesnika T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:To determine prophylaxis appropriateness by Veterans’ Affairs (VA) dentists.Design:A cross-sectional study of dental visits, 2015–2019.Methods:Antibiotics within 7 days before a visit in the absence of an oral infection were included. Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis was defined as visits with gingival manipulation and further delineated into narrow and broad definitions based on comorbidities. The primary analysis applied a narrow definition of appropriate prophylaxis: cardiac conditions at the highest risk of an adverse outcome from endocarditis. The secondary analysis included a broader definition: cardiac or immunocompromising condition or tooth extractions and/or implants. Multivariable log-linear Poisson generalized estimating equation regression was used to assess the association between covariates and unnecessary prophylaxis prescriptions.Results:In total, 358,078 visits were associated with 369,102 antibiotics. The median prescription duration was 7 days (IQR, 7–10); only 6.5% were prescribed for 1 day. With the narrow definition, 15% of prophylaxis prescriptions were appropriate, which increased to 72% with the broader definition. Prophylaxis inconsistent with guidelines increased over time. For the narrow definition, Black (vs White) race, Latine (vs non-Latine) ethnicity, and visits located in the West census region were associated with unnecessary prophylaxis. Variables associated with a lower risk were older age, prosthetic joints, immunocompromising condition, and rural location.Conclusions:Of every 6 antibiotic prophylaxis prescriptions, 5 were inconsistent with guidelines. Improving prophylaxis appropriateness and shortening duration may have substantial implications for stewardship. Guidelines should state whether antibiotic prophylaxis is indicated for extractions, implants, and immunocompromised patients.
What predicts persisting social impairment following pediatric traumatic brain injury: contribution of a biopsychosocial approach
Authors: Anderson Vicki , Hearps Stephen J. C. , Catroppa Cathy , Beauchamp Miriam H. , Ryan Nicholas P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial deficits, such as emotional, behavioral and social problems, reflect the most common and disabling consequences of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Their causes and recovery likely differ from physical and cognitive skills, due to disruption to developing brain networks and the influence of the child's environment. Despite increasing recognition of post-injury behavioral and social problems, there exists a paucity of research regarding the incidence of social impairment, and factors predicting risk and resilience in the social domain over time since injury.MethodsUsing a prospective, longitudinal design, and a bio-psychosocial framework, we studied children with TBI (n = 107) at baseline (pre-injury function), 6 months, 1 and 2-years post-injury. We assessed intellectual ability, attention/executive function, social cognition, social communication and socio-emotional function. Children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2–8 weeks post-injury. Parents rated their child's socio-emotional function and their own mental health, family function and perceived burden.ResultsWe distinguished five social recovery profiles, characterized by a complex interplay between environment and pre- and post-TBI factors, with injury factors playing a lesser role. Resilience in social competence was linked to intact family and parent function, intact pre-injury adaptive abilities, post-TBI cognition and social participation. Vulnerability in the social domain was related to poor pre- and post-injury adaptive abilities, greater behavioral concerns, and poorer pre- and post-injury parent health and family function.ConclusionsWe identified five distinct social recovery trajectories post-child-TBI, each characterized by a unique biopsychosocial profile, highlighting the importance of comprehensive social assessment and understanding of factors contributing to social impairment, to target resources and interventions to children at highest risk.
Personal motivation, self-regulation barriers and strategies for weight loss in people with overweight and obesity: a thematic framework analysis
Authors: Chew Han Shi Jocelyn , Gao Yujia , Shabbir Asim , Lim Su Lin , Geetha Kayambu , Kim Guowei , Chong Choon Seng , Lomanto Davide , So Bok Yan Jimmy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjective:To explore motivations, self-regulation barriers and strategies in a multi-ethnic Southeast Asian population with overweight and obesity.Design:Qualitative design using semi-structured face-to-face and videoconferencing interviews. Data were analysed using thematic framework analysis and constant comparison method.Setting:Specialist weight management clinic.Participants:Twenty-two participants were purposively sampled from 13 April to 30 April 2021. Median age and BMI of the participants were 37·5 (interquartile range (IQR) = 13·3) and 39·2 kg/m2 (IQR = 6·1), respectively. And 31·8 % were men, majority had a high intention to adopt healthy eating behaviours (median = 6·5; IQR = 4·8–6·3) and 59 % of the participants had a medium level of self-regulation.Results:Six themes and fifteen subthemes were derived. Participants were motivated to lose weight by the sense of responsibility as the family’s pillar of support and to feel ‘normal’ again. We coupled self-regulation barriers with corresponding strategies to come up with four broad themes: habitual overconsumption – mindful self-discipline; proximity and convenience of food available – mental tenacity; momentary lack of motivation and sense of control – motivational boosters; and overeating triggers – removing triggers. We highlighted six unique overeating triggers namely: trigger activities (e.g. using social media); eating with family, friends and colleagues; provision of food by someone; emotions (e.g. feeling bored at home, sad and stressed); physiological condition (e.g. premenstrual syndrome); and the time of the day.Conclusions:Future weight management interventions should consider encompassing participant-led weight loss planning, motivation boosters and self-regulation skills to cope with momentary overeating triggers.
Effect of self-reported attitudes toward organic foods in consumer preferences and willingness to pay
Authors: Bernabéu Rodolfo , Nieto Roberto , Rabadán Adrián 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough consumers' interest in organic products has increased in recent years, the total demand for these products is still small in most countries. This mismatch between the positive perception of these products and their limited final demand is the so-called intention-behavior gap. The aim of this study is twofold. The first aim is to evaluate the effect of self-reported attitudes toward organic foods in the willingness to pay (WTP) for these products. Second, we analyze the effects of these self-reported attitudes in the final purchasing decision when consumers are asked to evaluate several food attributes simultaneously. The results show that self-reported attitudes toward organic products are useful predictors of higher WTP and can be arranged in different categories (range 15.2–20.1%). However, when a conjoint analysis of different food attributes was conducted, the segment of pro-organic consumers reported that the origin of the product was more important for them than the production system. This opens a new debate about the advisability of promoting the joint use of both labels (organic and origin labels) to engage pro-organic consumers.
Long‐Range Multi‐Year Infrasonic Detection of Eruptive Activity at Mount Michael Volcano, South Sandwich Islands
Authors: De Negri R. S. , Rose K. M. , Matoza R. S. , Hupe P. , Ceranna L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMount Michael stratovolcano, South Sandwich Islands is extremely remote and challenging to observe, but eruptive activity has been sporadically observed since 1820 and captured by satellite methods since 1989. We identify long‐range infrasound signals recorded by the International Monitoring System attributable to episodes of persistent eruptive activity at Mount Michael. Analysis of multi‐year (2004–2020) infrasound array data at station IS27, Antarctica (range 1,672 km) reveals candidate signals especially from May 2005 to January 2008 and from May 2016 to April 2018. By combining ray‐tracing with empirical climatologies and atmospheric specifications, we show that systematic variations in the observed backazimuth of the signals (at IS27) are broadly consistent with annual variability in stratospheric propagation conditions for a source at Mount Michael. Observed signal amplitudes combined with transmission loss estimates are consistent with moderate explosive eruption. We highlight a selection of infrasound signals that correspond to satellite observation of eruptions.
Reflection and Refraction of the L‐O Mode 5 kHz Saturn Narrowband Emission by the Magnetosheath
Authors: Wu S. Y. , Ye S. Y. , Fischer G. , Jackman C. M. , Wang J. , Menietti J. D. , Cecconi B. , Long M. Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe reflection‐by‐sheath mechanism of 5 kHz narrowband emissions (NB) at Saturn is confirmed by Cassini observations during several crossings of the magnetopause, which show that the 5 kHz NB can be prevented from escaping Saturn's magnetosphere. The L‐O mode 5 kHz NB remained visible in areas of low plasma density but disappeared in regions of high plasma density. In three cases, NB disappeared immediately after the crossings of Saturn's magnetopause. A possible reflected NB event observed near the magnetosheath is discussed. This mechanism can help explain the 5 kHz NB observed at low latitudes outside the Enceladus plasma torus and their upper frequency limit variations. This mechanism significantly improves the current understanding of the 5 kHz NB.
Orbital Forcing of Climatic Changes on the Central Tibetan Plateau Reveals Late Oligocene to Early Miocene South Asian Monsoon Evolution
Authors: Su Bai , Sun Jimin , Jin Chun‐Sheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe uplift of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is generally considered to have triggered the Asian monsoon system. However, a long‐standing scarcity of high‐resolution paleoclimatic records on the TP makes it unclear when the South Asian monsoon (SAM) reached the central TP. Here, we investigated the environmental magnetic properties of a lacustrine sequence (∼25.5–19.8 Ma) from the Lunpola Basin. Hematite is the dominant magnetic mineral with concentrations that vary with “box‐shaped” peaks that mainly resulted from preferential preservation and dissolution of detrital iron oxides in alternating nonsteady state redox environments. Environmental magnetic sequences reflect distinct dry‐wet cycles with a ∼400 kyr eccentricity periodicity, which are proposed to have been driven by SAM intensity. Therefore, our study reveals that the SAM intensified and advanced northward to the Lunpola Basin by at least ∼25.5 Ma.
Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Talc at High Temperature and Pressure With Implications for the Thermal Structure of Subduction Zones
Authors: Guo Jiawei , Zhang Ruixin , Wang Duojun , Zhang Rui , Wang Libing , Zhang Jikai , Cai Nao , Miao Sheqiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe thermal conductivity () and thermal diffusivity () of talc have been measured over a range of temperature (298–1,373 K) and pressure (0.5–3.0 GPa) conditions using the transient plane‐source method. The results show that both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are dependent upon the prevailing temperature and pressure conditions to a certain extent. As the temperature and pressure increase, the thermal diffusivity monotonically decreases, while the thermal conductivity initially decreases between 298 and 973 K and then increases from 973 to 1,173 K. At low temperatures, phonon scattering is the dominant mechanism for heat transfer; at higher temperatures, photon radiation and dehydration become more prevalent. At temperatures greater than 1,173 K, the thermal conductivity decreases significantly due to aqueous liquid accumulation. Talc may be the cause of the high geothermal gradient in the hot subduction zone.
Monitoring the Storage Volume of Water Reservoirs Using Google Earth Engine
Authors: Condeça Joaquim , Nascimento João , Barreiras Nuno 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecently, the satellite images have been used in remote sensing allowing observations with high temporal and spatial distribution. The use of water indices has proved to be an effective methodology in the monitoring of surface water resources. However, precise or automatic methodologies using satellite imagery to determine reservoir volumes are lacking. To fulfill that gap, this methodology proposes three stages: use Google Earth Engine to select images; automatically calculate flooded surface areas applying water indices; determine the volume stored in reservoirs over those years based on the relation between the flooded area and the stored volume. The method was applied in four reservoirs and contemplate Landsat 4 and 5 ETM and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager. For the calculation of the flooded area the Normalized Difference Water Index Indexes (Gao, 1996, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(96)00067-3; McFeeters, 1996, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608948714) and the MNDWI index (Xu, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160600589179) were applied and tested. The estimation of stored volume of water was made based on the area indices and a cross‐check between real stored volume and calculated volume was made. Finally, an analysis on the selection of the best‐fit water indices was made. The results of every case studies herein displayed showed a quantifiable proficiency and reliability for quite a varied natural conditions. As a conclusion, this methodology could be seen as a tool for water resources management in developing countries, not only, to measure automatically trends of stored volumes and its relation with the precipitation, and could eventually be extended to other types of surface water bodies, as lakes and coastal lagoons.
No Internal Connections Detected Between Low Frequency Climate Modes in North Atlantic and North Pacific Basins
Authors: Fenske T. , Clement A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious studies documented possible connections between low frequency climate modes in the Northern Hemisphere ocean basins. We use observed sea surface temperatures and 270 large ensemble climate model simulations, which allows for improved methods of separating external and internal variability, such as removing the ensemble mean from each simulation. Detrending methods for observations have also improved since some of these previous studies were conducted. We also devise a modified statistical test using bootstrapping that is tuned specifically to this analysis. With these tools, we reexamine relationships among these modes. While previous studies have argued for the existence of an inter‐basin link, our results suggest that any internal connections between these modes are indistinguishable from random noise. Further, we show that external forcing affects each region in similar ways. This suggests that anthropogenic warming can cause an indirect link between the two basins, confounding the interpretation of a potential relationship.
Cytokine profile in drug-naïve panic disorder patients
Authors: Quagliato Laiana A. , Nardi Antonio E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes play a role in the pathophysiology of mental disorders, few studies have investigated this matter in panic disorder (PD). Furthermore, no studies to date have evaluated cytokine levels in drug-naïve patients with PD. Therefore, little is known about the presence of inflammation at the onset of this disorder. The aim of the present study was to determine the levels of the proinflammatory interleukins IL-1B and IL-2R and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in drug-naïve PD patients. Analysis of serum chemokine levels revealed increased proinflammatory activity in the early phase of PD through increased IL-2R and IL-1B levels and a decrease in IL-10 levels in drug-naïve PD patients compared to matched healthy controls. Neurotransmitters and neurocircuits that are targets of inflammatory responses are discussed, followed by an examination of brain–immune interactions as risk factors for PD. This study is the first to identify a proinflammatory cytokine response in drug-naïve PD subjects. These findings indicate that treatments targeting proinflammatory markers may ameliorate anxiety symptoms in PD patients.