bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androprimacy
Authors: Salés Luis Josué 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article introduces a new analytical concept for the study of religion and gender that I term “androprimacy” by examining its specific instantiation in two early Christian sources, the Ethiopic Didəsqəlya and the Greek Apostolic Constitutions. These texts were concerned with the governance of Christian domestic and ecclesiastical bodies. I maintain that androprimacy is qualitatively different than, but interrelated with, other concepts and social structures of sexism, oppression, and marginalization that enables us to understand social anisometric dynamics predicated along the lines of sexual difference better. Particularly, I examine how narratives of androprimacy are used to legitimate other sexist structures, such as patriarchy and misogyny, by strategies of female erasure and the neutralization of motherhood.
The Value of Solitude
Authors: Ungureanu Delia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Confinement can present itself in terms of loss and deprivation, but it can also enable us to rediscover the moral value of solitude as a necessary condition for the birth of revolutionary ideas that can change the world. World literature plays an important part in this process, with its self-reflective power that allows for a “detached engagement” with the world at large, as David Damrosch has posited in What Is World Literature? This conception of solitude as a paradoxical condition for the birth of revolutionary ideas that can change the world goes back as far as the 12th Dynasty Egyptian text The Debate Between a Man and His Soul, long before there ever was a “Western tradition” that goes from Stoicism to Montaigne, Virginia Woolf and beyond. This essay will tell the secret story of one of the circulation routes of the value of solitude as key to participation and revolutionary intervention in a world in crisis.
Containing Epidemics through Metaphor
Authors: Terceiro Danielle 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This essay will examine two “graphic novel” depictions of WWI epidemics: one that depicts scientific advances during the dysentery epidemic on the European front in World War One; and another that depicts the Spanish influenza epidemic unfolding across the United States of America. Both texts narrativise an epidemic through a verbal and visual engagement with historical and scientific discourses. These texts were produced within five years of our current Covid-19 pandemic and show us how language (visual and verbal) can be employed to make sense of a plague threat that involves an invisible “enemy”. The way that meaning is blended and elaborated throughout each text can help us understand how a figurative framing of a pandemic might help open up new understandings or possibilities. Popular imagination can productively link with tropes from the past, particularly tropes that were in play as understandings of the role of science shifted.
Paternalist Punishment
Authors: De Vito Christian G. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the punitive relationships among slaves, slaveholders and colonial authorities from the perspective of paternalism. Focusing on the territory of the colonial Audiencia de Quito and the Republic of Ecuador between the early eighteenth century and the abolition of slavery in 1851, the chapter proceeds in three directions. The first section addresses the interactions between the State and the slaveholders through the lens of “protection.” The second section turns to paternalism as a repertoire of both legitimation and contestation of punishment. The final section assesses the continuities and discontinuities in the impact of paternalism on the punishments of slaves across time, both during and beyond the colonial period.
Fugitives
Authors: Paterson Lorraine M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Historically, French Guiana was an anomaly in the French Americas, neither a settler colony nor an economically successful slave-based plantation colony like its wealthy Antillean counterparts. Sporadically governed, underpopulated, and generally neglected by the metropole, it was considered a backwater of the French empire. However, by the first decades of the nineteenth century, the punishment of fugitive slaves had become fundamental to how the colony of French Guiana conceptualized itself. The struggle between owner and state about who had the right to punish, and by what means, caused ferocious repercussions over who could claim sovereignty over slaves and their potential labor. The issue of flight came to signify the legal and political battle between settlers and the state. Indeed, the desire of the French state to control the terrain of French Guiana through the recapture—and punishment—of the enslaved echoes what would occur in the latter half of the nineteenth century as French Guiana became the world’s most notorious penal colony. This paper will explore these issues in nineteenth-century French Guiana through the fugitive figure of the enslaved and subsequently that of the runaway convict.
“Employed at the Works of the City”
Authors: Müller Viola Franziska 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the successful maneuvers of many runaways to escape slavery in the slaveholding South, considerable numbers did not make it and were apprehended by slave patrols, civilians, or watchmen. What happened to those among them who were subsequently not reclaimed by their legal owners? To answer this question, this paper focuses on the punishment and forced employment of runaway slaves by city and state authorities rather than by individual slaveholders. It follows enslaved southerners into workhouses, chain gains, and penitentiaries, thereby connecting different institutions within the nineteenth-century penal system. Exploring collaboration and clashes between slaveholders and the authorities, it will discuss how the forced employment of runaways fitted in with the broader understanding of Black labor and the restructuring of labor demands in the antebellumUSSouth.
The “Law of Necessity”
Authors: Jean Martine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn June 1835, the Brazilian parliament promulgated a stringent law which punished enslaved persons convicted of assassinating their masters with capital punishment. Called the “law of necessity,” the regulation targeted the leaders of slave rebellions and established the death penalty as punishment against slave resistance. Research on the enforcement of the law demonstrated that while the regulation increased public hangings of the enslaved, overall fewer convict slaves were executed because of the law than had their sentences commuted to galé perpétua or a lifetime of penal servitude in public works. Analyzing slave petitions to commute death penalty sentences to penal servitude, this article intervenes in the debates on punishing the enslaved which connects labor history with the history of punishment. The research probes convicts’ understanding of the construction of Brazilian legal culture while analyzing the tensions between slave-owners and imperial authorities on punishing the enslaved.
Conducting Spanish Diplomacy in the Digital Age
Authors: Manfredi-Sánchez Juan Luis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article demonstrates how digital diplomacy strategy has been devised, developed, and executed in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation in Spain. Since 1995, digital initiatives have taken place without a joint plan of action, but as a result of individual impulses. Until 2008, public diplomacy is developed without a model, planning, or evaluation. However, the global financial crisis has accelerated interest in this issue. The first steps were taken to face the reputation crisis and the bases of action were established. Since 2012, the digital response has been systematized through the communication of diplomatic missions. The Spanish model has evolved toward consular services and issues of language and culture, showing a case study of digital transformation in the field of public administration.
Creating Connected Constituencies: The Strategy and Limits of US Propaganda and Influence in Early Cold War Syria, 1945–60
Authors: Ouahes Idir 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines the state-private network binding cultural diplomatic institutions, East Coast establishment elites and US psychological operations against Soviet Russia in early Cold War (1945–60) Syria. It outlines the role of the State Department, the United States Information Agency (usia), and the short-lived Psychological Strategy Board (psb)’s efforts to coordinate a coherent US psychological strategy to influence Syria’s elites and to make connected constituents of them via the “long-established instruments” of the state-private network. Among these instruments were the Near East Foundation (nef), the Franklin Books Program, and the Committee of Correspondence (CoC). A key argument of this article is that the “Eisenhower escalation” of the Cold War, which culminated in the 1957 attempted coup in Syria, was not a radical departure that ruined the previous “century of friendship” between Syria and the US. Instead, it was a risky and frustrated gamble seeking to reverse the pre-existing loss of US influence.
Cosimo I de’ Medici’s Dissimulation of Diplomacy in the Guardaroba Nuova
Authors: Cavallo Bradley J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Renaissance diplomatic relationships between sovereigns can often be understood vis-à-vis the gifting of portraiture. Such presentations enacted exchanges of an essential part of the individual portrayed – their presence. Hence, portraiture as a diplomatic gift served as an exchanged acknowledgement between rulers of their respective political authority. Using this mode of political messaging, Cosimo I de’ Medici (r. 1537–74) sought to bolster his reign by commissioning a portrait series of historical and contemporary, Mediterranean-wide potentates. When installed alongside maps and globes of the known terrestrial and celestial universe within the Guardaroba nuova, the painted effigies dissimulated multi-generational Medici involvement in international diplomacy because displaying the portraits en masse suggested that Cosimo and his predecessors had continuously received the paintings as diplomatic gifts, and thus recognition as masters of Florence.
“Easily Emotional” and “Always Inclined to Extremes.” Ambassador Herman van Roijen and Dutch Anxiety about American Anti-Communism, 1947–53
Authors: van der Maar Rimko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article presents anti-communism as a flexible, chameleon-like phenomenon that took on various guises in different countries, depending on their specific domestic circumstances. Historical scholarship remembers both the Netherlands and the United States as strongly anti-communist. However, in the 1950s Dutch officials contrasted their own supposedly sober-minded approach to communism with what they regarded as emotional responses to communism in America. Based on the private correspondence of Dutch ambassador in Washington, Herman van Roijen, and his interactions with The Hague, it is argued that the Red Scare in the United States (1947–54) unsettled Dutch policymakers and diplomats. The initial phase of the transatlantic alliance was complicated by disagreements between allies about geostrategy and budgetary questions, but also by anti-communism, which revealed a deep cultural divide between Europe and the United States and tested allied relations from the outset.
Bourdieu, the Bourdieuans and the Question of Youth. Jean-Louis Fabiani and Alexandra Kowalski in Conversation
Authors: Kowalski Alexandra , Fabiani Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
On the occasion of the publication of Pierre Bourdieu. A Heroic Structuralism,1 we try to highlight the main elements of Bourdieu‘s thought on youth as well as Jean-Claude Chamboredon and Jean-Louis Fabiani’s both close and different approach to the topic. The format of the conversation allows us to tackle related issues about youth in France today and the constraints inherent to structuralist thinking.
On Pinghua and Yue: Some Historical and Linguistic Perspectives
Authors: de Sousa Hilário 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Pinghua 平話 is a Sinitic dialect group spoken in Guangxi in southern China. Within Chinese linguistics, there have been many debates on its affiliation. Pinghua is associated with the earliest Han Chinese migrants in Guangxi, but in terms of number of speakers in Guangxi Pinghua has been overtaken by Yue, Southwestern Mandarin, and Hakka. Pinghua is primarily associated with the Han Chinese migrants who entered Guangxi through Hunan, whereas Yue is primarily associated with those who entered Guangdong through Jiangxi. Yue speakers have subsequently spread westward in large numbers from Guangdong to Guangxi. Linguistically, the Pinghua dialects sit on a dialect continuum with the non-Cantonese Yue dialects in Guangxi. On the other hand, the Cantonese enclaves in Guangxi are the results of Cantonese people moving directly from the Pearl River Delta to Guangxi within the last 150 years or so.
Why People Adopt Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction Behaviors: Integrated Model of Risk Communication and Results from Hurricanes, Floods, and Wildfires
Authors: Lim JungKyu Rhys 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With climate change, weather and climate disaster risks are increasing. At-risk individuals can take climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction behaviors to mitigate and prepare for disaster risks, reduce costs from damage, and save their lives. However, previous fragmented studies have not provided an integrated model to directly compare the factors and identify factors that are most influential in at-risk community members’ behaviors. I present the Integrated Model of Risk Communication by consolidating major theories. This study uses structural equation modeling of quantitative surveys to simultaneously test the impacts of 15 factors on 15 adaptation behaviors for the two most common federally declared disasters (wildfires, hurricanes with floods) in three disaster-prone U.S. states (California, Florida, and Texas) (N = 3,468). Specifically, this study examines 15 behaviors including preparedness, non-structural mitigation, structural mitigation, insurance purchase, and adaptation policy support. Social norms perceptions, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and resource constraints strongly affect behaviors. Response efficacy strongly affects policy support. Risk perception, knowledge, and climate change perception—commonly argued to be key drivers—are insignificant or weak. The model explains 55%-86% of the variance in adaptation behaviors. Results suggest that the focus of adaptation efforts may need to shift from risk perception to efficacy and social norms.
Virus inactivation on common indoor contract fabrics
Authors: Tracy Sharon , Derby Carol , Virjee Natasha , Hardwick Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, office workers were displaced from their places of employment. This situation caused a heightened interest in understanding viral disease transmission in indoor spaces including offices. Although data has been published on the survival of various coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 on a variety of surfaces, most related to impermeable materials common to healthcare environments. Methods: We studied two typical contract fabrics (polyester and wool) and cotton for HCoV-OC43 (ATCC #VR-1558) persistence up to 24 h using a modified ISO 18184 test protocol. Results: We found that HCoV-OC43 was undetectable after 12 h on cotton fabric, 24 h on polyester fabric, and was reduced by 93 +/− 6% within 24 h on wool fabric compared to an inoculum-only control. Differences in droplet-fabric contact angles were observed for the three fabrics, and absorption correlated with virus inactivation. Conclusions: Polyester and wool exhibit virus-inactivating properties similar to cotton, although the degree of inactivation is different between the three materials. Liquid absorption is likely a key factor involved in the inactivation process. When the results are extrapolated to real-world environmental temperature and relative humidity conditions, commonly used fabrics in interior offices spaces are determined as unlikely sources of human coronavirus transmission.
Telehealth adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic: A social media textual and network analysis
Authors: Anderson Joshua TL , Bouchacourt Lindsay M , Sussman Kristen L , Bright Laura F , Wilcox Gary B 
Published: April 2022

Objective The telemedicine industry has rapidly grown during the COVID-19 pandemic, and telemedicine has become a common form of care. The present study looks at the online conversation regarding telemedicine at the beginning of the pandemic and one year later. The Technology Acceptance Model is utilized to explain the findings. Methods Brandwatch and NUVI software captured social mentions on Twitter regarding telemedicine during the beginning of the pandemic (March 15, 2020–April 20, 2020) and one year later (March 12, 2021–April 19, 2021). SAS text-mining software analyzed the social mentions and organized them into ten unique topics for each time period. The research team analyzed the topics and organized them into themes. A network analysis was also performed to examine structure and influence within the network. Results In March–April 2020, the themes focused on the use of telehealth in general, telehealth for mental health applications, and Medicare covering telehealth services. In March–April 2021, the themes focused on news events regarding telehealth and the rise in prominence of telehealth services. The network analysis shows a shift in the distribution of telehealth information among influential accounts and reveals that the network became more connected, with a change in the control of information spread. Conclusions Technology Acceptance Model explains the social acceptance and spread of telemedicine. The transition in the conversation about telemedicine suggests a pattern of greater system use consistent with the Technology Acceptance Model. Telemedicine may have greatly increased in use because of the pandemic, but data suggests that its use may persist after the pandemic subsides.
Refining electronic medical records representation in manifold subspace
Authors: Wang Bolin , Sun Yuanyuan , Chu Yonghe , Zhao Di , Yang Zhihao , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundElectronic medical records (EMR) contain detailed information about patient health. Developing an effective representation model is of great significance for the downstream applications of EMR. However, processing data directly is difficult because EMR data has such characteristics as incompleteness, unstructure and redundancy. Therefore, preprocess of the original data is the key step of EMR data mining. The classic distributed word representations ignore the geometric feature of the word vectors for the representation of EMR data, which often underestimate the similarities between similar words and overestimate the similarities between distant words. This results in word similarity obtained from embedding models being inconsistent with human judgment and much valuable medical information being lost.ResultsIn this study, we propose a biomedical word embedding framework based on manifold subspace. Our proposed model first obtains the word vector representations of the EMR data, and then re-embeds the word vector in the manifold subspace. We develop an efficient optimization algorithm with neighborhood preserving embedding based on manifold optimization. To verify the algorithm presented in this study, we perform experiments on intrinsic evaluation and external classification tasks, and the experimental results demonstrate its advantages over other baseline methods.ConclusionsManifold learning subspace embedding can enhance the representation of distributed word representations in electronic medical record texts. Reduce the difficulty for researchers to process unstructured electronic medical record text data, which has certain biomedical research value.
Proteome profiling reveals changes in energy metabolism, transport and antioxidation during drought stress in Nostoc flagelliforme
Authors: Li Xiaoxu , Ding Miaomiao , Wang Meng , Yang Shujuan , Ma Xiaorong , Hu Jinhong , Song Fan , Wang Lingxia , Liang Wenyu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Drought is an important abiotic stress that constrains the growth of many species. Despite extensive study in model organisms, the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance in Nostoc flagelliforme remain elusive.

Results
We characterized the drought adaptation of N. flagelliforme by a combination of proteomics and qRT-PCR. A total of 351 differentially expressed proteins involved in drought stress adaptation were identified. It was found that the expression of several nutrient influx transporters was increased, including molybdate ABC transporter substrate binding protein (modA), sulfate ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (sbp) and nitrate ABC transporter (ntrB), while that of efflux transporters for toxic substances was also increased, including arsenic transporting ATPase (ArsA), potassium transporter (TrkA) and iron ABC transporter substrate-binding protein (VacB). Additionally, photosynthetic components were reduced while sugars built up during drought stress. Non-enzymatic antioxidants, orange carotenoid protein (OCP) homologs, cytochrome P450 (CYP450), proline (Pro) and ascorbic acid (AsA) were all altered during drought stress and may play important roles in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Conclusion
In this study, N. flagelliforme may regulates its adaptation to drought stress through the changes of protein expression in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, transport, protein synthesis and degradation and antioxidation.

Highlights
• A total of 351 DEPs involved in adaptation to drought stress were identified.
• Changes in the expression of six OCP homologs were found in response to drought stress.
• Differential expression of transporters played an important role in drought stress adaptation.
• Most PSII proteins were downregulated, while PSI proteins were unchanged in response to drought stress.
• Sugar metabolism was upregulated in response to drought stress.