bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive spiral galaxies deeply captured by Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Shimakawa Rhythm , Tanaka Masayuki , Bottrell Connor , Wu Po-Feng , Chang Yu-Yen , Toba Yoshiki , Ali Sadman 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a thousand passive spiral galaxy samples at z = 0.01–0.3 based on a combined analysis of the Third Public Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP PDR3) and the GALEX–SDSS–WISE Legacy Catalog (GSWLC-2). Among 54871 gri galaxy cutouts taken from the HSC-SSP PDR3 over 1072 deg2, we conducted a search with deep-learning morphological classification for candidates of passive spirals below the star-forming main sequence derived by ultraviolet to mid-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting in the GSWLC-2. We then classified the candidates into 1100 passive spirals and 1141 secondary samples based on visual inspections. Most of the latter cases are considered to be passive ringed S0 or pseudo-ringed galaxies. The remaining secondary samples have ambiguous morphologies, including two peculiar objects with diamond-shaped stellar wings. The selected passive spirals have a similar distribution to the general quiescent galaxies on the EWHδ–Dn4000 diagram and concentration indices. Moreover, we detected an enhanced passive fraction of spiral galaxies in X-ray clusters. Passive spirals in galaxy clusters are preferentially located in the midterm or late infall phase on the phase–space diagram, supporting the ram pressure scenario, which has been widely advocated in previous studies. The source catalog and gri-composite images are available on the HSC-SSP PDR3 website 〈https://hsc.mtk.nao.ac.jp/ssp/data-release/〉. Future updates, including integration with a citizen science project dedicated to the HSC data, will achieve more effective and comprehensive classifications.
The power of classic maize mutants: Driving forward our fundamental understanding of plants
Authors: Richardson Annis E , Hake Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince Mendel, maize has been a powerhouse of fundamental genetics research. From testing the Mendelian laws of inheritance, to the first genetic and cytogenetic maps, to the use of whole-genome sequencing data for crop improvement, maize is at the forefront of genetics advances. Underpinning much of this revolutionary work are the classic morphological mutants; the “freaks” that stood out in the field to even the untrained eye. Here we review some of these classic developmental mutants and their importance in the history of genetics, as well as their key role in our fundamental understanding of plant development.
Seeing the forest for the trees through metabolic scaling
Authors: Volkov Igor , Tovo Anna , Anfodillo Tommaso , Rinaldo Andrea , Maritan Amos , Banavar Jayanth R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate that when power scaling occurs for an individual tree and in a forest, there is great resulting simplicity notwithstanding the underlying complexity characterizing the system over many size scales. Our scaling framework unifies seemingly distinct trends in a forest and provides a simple yet promising approach to quantitatively understand a bewilderingly complex many-body system with imperfectly known interactions. We show that the effective dimension, Dtree, of a tree is close to 3, whereas a mature forest has Dforest approaching 1. We discuss the energy equivalence rule and show that the metabolic rate–mass relationship is a power law with an exponent D/(D + 1) in both cases leading to a Kleiber’s exponent of 3/4 for a tree and 1/2 for a forest. Our work has implications for understanding carbon sequestration and for climate science.
How did extinct giant birds and pterosaurs fly? A comprehensive modeling approach to evaluate soaring performance
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Yoda Ken , Weimerskirch Henri , Sato Katsufumi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The largest extinct volant birds (Pelagornis sandersi and Argentavis magnificens) and pterosaurs (Pteranodon and Quetzalcoatlus) are thought to have used wind-dependent soaring flight, similar to modern large birds. There are 2 types of soaring: thermal soaring, used by condors and frigatebirds, which involves the use of updrafts to ascend and then glide horizontally; and dynamic soaring, used by albatrosses, which involves the use of wind speed differences with height above the sea surface. Previous studies have suggested that P. sandersi used dynamic soaring, while A. magnificens and Quetzalcoatlus used thermal soaring. For Pteranodon, there is debate over whether they used dynamic or thermal soaring. However, the performance and wind speed requirements of dynamic and thermal soaring for these species have not yet been quantified comprehensively. We quantified these values using aerodynamic models and compared them with that of extant birds. For dynamic soaring, we quantified maximum travel speeds and maximum upwind speeds. For thermal soaring, we quantified the animal's sinking speed circling at a given radius and how far it could glide losing a given height. Our results confirmed those from previous studies that A. magnificens and Pteranodon used thermal soaring. Conversely, the results for P. sandersi and Quetzalcoatlus were contrary to those from previous studies. P. sandersi used thermal soaring, and Quetzalcoatlus had a poor ability both in dynamic and thermal soaring. Our results demonstrate the need for comprehensive assessments of performance and required wind conditions when estimating soaring styles of extinct flying species.
Exploration of immunological responses underpinning severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection reveals IL-6 as a therapeutic target in an immunocompromised mouse model
Authors: Bryden Steven R , Dunlop James I , Clarke Andrew T , Fares Mazigh , Pingen Marieke , Wu Yan , Willett Brian J , Patel Arvind H , Gao George F , Kohl Alain , Brennan Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dabie bandavirus (previously severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus; SFTSV), is an emerging tick-borne bunyavirus responsible for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a disease with high case fatality that is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, and potentially lethal hemorrhagic manifestations. Currently, neither effective therapeutic strategies nor approved vaccines exist for SFTS. Therefore, there remains a pressing need to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to identify therapeutic strategies to ameliorate SFTS outcomes. Using a type I interferon (IFN)-deficient mouse model, we investigated the viral tropism, disease kinetics, and the role of the virulence factor nonstructural protein (NSs) in SFTS. Ly6C+ MHCII+ cells in the lymphatic tissues were identified as an important target cell for SFTSV. Advanced SFTS was characterized by significant migration of inflammatory leukocytes, notably neutrophils, into the lymph node and spleen, however, these cells were not required to orchestrate the disease phenotype. The development of SFTS was associated with significant upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including high levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 in the serum, lymph node, and spleen. Humoral immunity generated by inoculation with delNSs SFTSV was 100% protective. Importantly, NSs was critical to the inhibition of the host IFNɣ response or downstream IFN-stimulated gene production and allowed for the establishment of severe disease. Finally, therapeutic but not prophylactic use of anti-IL-6 antibodies significantly increased the survival of mice following SFTSV infection and, therefore, this treatment modality presents a novel therapeutic strategy for treating severe SFTS.
Self-Fulfilling Asset Prices
Authors: Zentefis Alexander K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper explains that anticipated market liquidity is an important concern for arbitrageurs considering entry into a market, a concern that can generate self-fulfilling asset prices. In the model, fixed investment costs turn a market illiquid and generate an arbitrage opportunity. The worst-case return on pledged collateral constrains arbitrageurs’ leverage. The interaction between this return and arbitrageurs’ capital makes entry decisions complementary and can create multiple equilibria. When arbitrageurs enter with capital, the market becomes more liquid; the worst-case return rises; and more arbitrageurs enter with capital. When arbitrageurs withhold capital, the market stays illiquid; the worst-case return falls; and other arbitrageurs stay out. (JEL D84, G11, G12)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Early Origins of Divergent Patterns of Morphological Evolution on the Mammal and Reptile Stem-Lineages
Authors: Brocklehurst Neil , Ford David P , Benson Roger B J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The origin of amniotes 320 million years ago signaled independence from water in vertebrates and was closely followed by divergences within the mammal and reptile stem lineages (Synapsida and Reptilia). Early members of both groups had highly similar morphologies, being superficially “lizard-like” forms with many plesiomorphies. However, the extent to which they might have exhibited divergent patterns of evolutionary change, with the potential to explain the large biological differences between their living members, is unresolved. We use a new, comprehensive phylogenetic dataset to quantify variation in rates and constraints of morphological evolution among Carboniferous–early Permian amniotes. We find evidence for an early burst of evolutionary rates, resulting in the early origins of morphologically distinctive subgroups that mostly persisted through the Cisuralian. Rates declined substantially through time, especially in reptiles. Early reptile evolution was also more constrained compared with early synapsids, exploring a more limited character state space. Postcranial innovation in particular was important in early synapsids, potentially related to their early origins of large body size. In contrast, early reptiles predominantly varied the temporal region, suggesting disparity in skull and jaw kinematics, and foreshadowing the variability of cranial biomechanics seen in reptiles today. Our results demonstrate that synapsids and reptiles underwent an early divergence of macroevolutionary patterns. This laid the foundation for subsequent evolutionary events and may be critical in understanding the substantial differences between mammals and reptiles today. Potential explanations include an early divergence of developmental processes or of ecological factors, warranting cross-disciplinary investigation. [Amniote; body size; constraint; phylogeny; rate.]
The Impacts of Digital Technologies on Successful Aging in Non-Work and Work Domains: An Organizing Taxonomy
Authors: Sheng Nan , Fang Yanran , Shao Yiduo , Alterman Valeria , Wang Mo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Digital technology, broadly defined as all the electronic tools, automatic systems, technological devices, and resources that generate, process, or store information in the form of binary code (Shah, Nogueras, Van Woerden, & Kiparoglou, 2019), has brought great changes to almost all aspects of human life. In particular, the development and the application of various digital technologies have great potential to facilitate successful aging by helping individuals effectively cope with different forms of age-related challenges, though an organizing framework is lacking from the literature. In this paper, we derive a taxonomy for understanding the impacts of digital technology on successful aging by considering the intersections between digital technology types and the age-related applied settings. Based on this taxonomy, we map different types of digital technology to different functions and successful aging outcomes in both non-work and work domains. We also discuss the implications of our taxonomy to research inquiries and practical applications.
Comparative Genomics of Fusarium circinatum Isolates Used to Screen Southern Pines for Pitch Canker Resistance
Authors: Fulton James C. , Yu Pei-Ling , Smith Katherine E. , Huguet-Tapia Jose C. , Hudson Owen , Meeks April , Quesada Tania , McKeever Kathleen , Brawner Jeremy T. 
Published: March 2022

Pitch canker, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum, is a global disease affecting many Pinus spp. Often fatal, this disease causes significant mortality in both commercially grown and natural pine forests and is an issue of current and growing concern. F. circinatum isolates collected from three locations in the U.S. state of Florida were shown to be virulent on both slash and loblolly pine, with two of the isolates causing equivalent and significantly larger lesions than those caused by the third isolate during pathogenicity trials. In addition, significant genetic variation in lesion length in the pedigreed slash pine population was evident and rankings of parents for lesion length were similar across isolates. Experimental data demonstrate that both host and pathogen genetics contribute to disease severity. High-quality genomic assemblies of all three isolates were created and compared for structural differences and gene content. No major structural differences were observed among the isolates; however, missing or altered genes do contribute to genomic variation in the pathogen population. This work evaluates in planta virulence among three isolates of F. circinatum, provides genomic resources to facilitate study of this organism, and details comparative genomic methods that may be used to explore the pathogen’s contribution to disease development. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Knee injuries associated with extraarticular tibial fractures and their impact on the clinical outcome of the patients: a prospective arthroscopic study
Authors: Sadeghifar Amirreza , Zandrahimi Farshad , Akbari Javar Moien , Ahmadzadeh Heshmati Afshin , Saied Alireza 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Associated injuries in tibial shaft fractures are not investigated often, and their impact on patient outcome is not clear. In this study, associated knee injuries in tibial shaft fractures were arthroscopically investigated, and their impact on the outcomes of patients were evaluated.

Methods:
In a prospective study, 57 patients with closed tibial shaft fractures and without concomitant fibular fractures were included. Motor-vehicle accident was the most frequent mechanism of the injury. The fractures were treated with reamed and locked titanium intramedullary tibial nailing. The functional outcome was evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee score and compared between the patients with and without an ipsilateral associated injury.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 33.2±13.2 years. The mean follow-up duration was 10.2±3.1 mo. In 35 patients (61.4%), at least one associated knee injury was detected. Chondral damage was the most frequent arthroscopic finding (n=23, 40.4%). The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was the second most frequent injury (n=7, 12.3%). No intervention was performed for chondral lesions and ACL tears. Meniscal injuries were detected in three (5.3%) patients only. The mean International Knee Documentation Committee score was 95.9±2.2 in patients with and 96.2±2.1 in patients without an arthroscopic finding (P=0.38). The severity of comminution was not correlated with the incidence of arthroscopic findings (r=0.089, P=0.45).

Conclusions:
Ipsilateral injuries are frequent in tibial shaft fractures. However, they do not seem to affect the functional outcome of patients, at least in short-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Patterns of Use of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Compared With Surgery for Definitive Treatment of Primary Early-stage Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jang Julie K. , Atay Scott M. , Ding Li , David Elizabeth A. , Wightman Sean C. , Kim Anthony W. , Ye Jason C. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
As stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) becomes widely available for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there may be concerns in the surgical community that SBRT is being offered for patients with operable tumors, even though surgery is standard of care. We evaluated the trends in SBRT and surgery over time for patients with NSCLC.

Materials and Methods:
The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with node-negative NSCLC ≤5 cm from 2004 to 2016. The relationships between definitive local treatment modalities and year were analyzed using a multinomial regression model while controlling for other covariates.

Results:
Among the 202,367 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there was a steady decrease in mean tumor size in all treatment modalities, from 2.44 cm (SD=1.08) to 2.25 cm (SD=1.00) over the study period. In the multinomial model, the probability of receiving lobectomy demonstrated a slight decline from 58% (2004) to 53% (2016). The use of SBRT increased from 1% to 20%, while patients receiving no therapy declined from 27% to 16%. The likelihood of SBRT increased with year of diagnosis (P<0.0001) and decreasing tumor size (P<0.0001), compared with lobectomy. Age, race, income, facility, and Charlson-Deyo score were also associated with treatment modality.

Conclusions:
The mean tumor size of early-stage NSCLC decreased over the study period for all treatment modalities. SBRT use has increased, mostly among older patients with smaller tumors and Charlson-Deyo scores ≥3. The increase in SBRT contributed to the significant decline in patients who had no therapy.
Neurodevelopmetal effects of maternal blood pressure management with noradrenaline during general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery in the pregnant rabbit model
Authors: Bleeser Tom , Van Der Veeken Lennart , Basurto David , Valenzuela Ignacio , Brenders Arjen , Van Hoof Lucas , Emam Doaa , Vergote Simen , Van de Velde Marc , Devroe Sarah , Deprest Jan , Rex Steffen 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
In pregnant women, anaesthesia-induced hypotension is commonly treated using phenylephrine or noradrenaline, the rationale being to maintain uterine perfusion pressure and thereby uterine blood flow. Evidence for this strategy during general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery is absent.

OBJECTIVE
To analyse the effects of treating anaesthesia-induced hypotension with noradrenaline on brain development of rabbit foetuses of mothers subjected to general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery. We hypothesised that treatment of maternal hypotension would improve foetal outcomes.

DESIGN
Randomised controlled laboratory study using 21 pregnant rabbits (does) at 28 days of gestation.

INTERVENTION
Two hours of sevoflurane anaesthesia for a laparotomy without treatment of anaesthesia-induced hypotension (hypotension group) or with maintaining maternal mean arterial pressure above 80% of the awake value using noradrenaline (noradrenaline group). In the control group, does remained untouched. At term, all pups were delivered by caesarean section. One day later, the neurobehaviour of the pups was assessed and brains were harvested.

MAIN OUTCOMES
Neuron density in the frontal cortex for the comparison of noradrenaline groups versus hypotension groups was the primary outcome; the neurobehavioural scores and other histological outcomes were secondary outcomes.

RESULTS
In the noradrenaline groups and hypotension groups, neuron density in the frontal cortex was similar (1181 ± 162 versus 1189 ± 200 neurons mm−2, P
= 0.870). However, significantly less foetal survival, lower sensory scores in neurobehavioural assessment and less proliferation were observed in the noradrenaline group when compared with the hypotension group. Neuron densities in other regions, total cell densities, biometrics and synaptogenesis were not affected. There were no differences between the control group and hypotension group.

CONCLUSION
During general anaesthesia for nonobstetric surgery in rabbits, treatment of anaesthesia-induced hypotension using noradrenaline did not affect neuron densities but was associated with impaired foetal outcomes according to several secondary outcome parameters. Further studies are needed to investigate any clinical relevance and to determine the target blood pressure in pregnant women during general anaesthesia.
Suicide Prevention in Your Pocket: A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Interventions for the Management of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors
Authors: Jiménez-Muñoz Laura , Peñuelas-Calvo Inmaculada , Díaz-Oliván Isaac , Gutiérrez-Rojas Luis , Baca-García Enrique , Porras-Segovia Alejandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
This study reviews the evidence on ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) for managing and preventing suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Methods
This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Its protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. We conducted a systematic literature search of five databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Cochrane library. The most recent search date was 10 September 2021.

Results
After screening and full-text review, 27 studies were included, totaling 19 different interventions. Many of the available interventions have not yet been clinically tested. Those that have undergone effectiveness evaluation (10 interventions) showed good rates of effectiveness and feasibility, with some exceptions. The most widely used intervention model is the safety plan, which allows the user to implement coping and distracting strategies in case of suicidal ideation.

Conclusions
Ecological momentary interventions provide certain advantages, such as their wide availability, versatility, and potential for customization. These interventions can be useful complements to traditional care, especially in situations in which face-to-face care is not possible. Evidence on the effectiveness of such interventions is still scarce. Furthermore, barriers limiting implementation in clinical practice remain. The constant advance of technology means that these interventions have great potential for improvement in the coming years.
Novel technical and privacy-preserving technology for artificial intelligence in ophthalmology
Authors: Lim Jane S. , Hong Merrelynn , Lam Walter S.T. , Zhang Zheting , Teo Zhen Ling , Liu Yong , Ng Wei Yan , Foo Li Lian , Ting Daniel S.W. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose of review
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and ophthalmology has experienced exponential breakthroughs in recent years in diagnosis, prognosis, and aiding clinical decision-making. The use of digital data has also heralded the need for privacy-preserving technology to protect patient confidentiality and to guard against threats such as adversarial attacks. Hence, this review aims to outline novel AI-based systems for ophthalmology use, privacy-preserving measures, potential challenges, and future directions of each.

Recent findings
Several key AI algorithms used to improve disease detection and outcomes include: Data-driven, imagedriven, natural language processing (NLP)-driven, genomics-driven, and multimodality algorithms. However, deep learning systems are susceptible to adversarial attacks, and use of data for training models is associated with privacy concerns. Several data protection methods address these concerns in the form of blockchain technology, federated learning, and generative adversarial networks.

Summary
AI-applications have vast potential to meet many eyecare needs, consequently reducing burden on scarce healthcare resources. A pertinent challenge would be to maintain data privacy and confidentiality while supporting AI endeavors, where data protection methods would need to rapidly evolve with AI technology needs. Ultimately, for AI to succeed in medicine and ophthalmology, a balance would need to be found between innovation and privacy.