bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A disproportionality analysis for the association of central nervous system demyelinating diseases with COVID-19 vaccination using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Kim Jee-Eun , Park Jin , Song Tae-Jin 
Published: July 2022

Background: Limited information is available on associations between COVID-19 vaccines and central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases. Objectives: We investigated potential safety signals for CNS demyelinating diseases related to COVID-19 vaccines using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database. Methods: Disproportionality analyses of CNS demyelinating disease following COVID-19 vaccination were performed by calculating the information component (IC) or the reporting odds ratio (ROR) compared with those for the entire database and for all other viral vaccines. Results: We identified 715 cases of optic neuritis, 515 of myelitis, 220 of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and 2840 total CNS demyelinating events adverse drug reactions from July 2020 through February 2022. For mRNA-based and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines, there were no potential safety signals of disproportionality for optic neuritis (IC025 = −0.93, ROR025 = 0.38; IC025 = −1.76, ROR025 = 0.26), myelitis (IC025 = −0.69, ROR025 = 0.50; IC025 = −0.63, ROR025 = 0.53), ADEM (IC025 = −1.05, ROR025 = 0.33; IC025 = −1.76, ROR025 = 0.20), or overall CNS demyelinating disease events (IC025 = −0.66, ROR025 = 0.52; IC025 = −1.31, ROR025 = 0.34) compared with other viral vaccines. Conclusion: As with other viral vaccines, our disproportionality analyses indicate that the risk of COVID-19 vaccine-associated CNS demyelinating disease was low.
Impact of Timing of Targeted Muscle Reinnervation on Pain and Opioid Intake Following Major Limb Amputation
Authors: Reid Risa T. , Johnson Christine C. , Gaston R. Glenn , Loeffler Bryan J. 
Published: July 2022

Background: Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) has been shown to play an important role in managing neuromas. However, the impact of the timing of TMR on pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores or patient opioid use has not been thoroughly explored. We hypothesized that TMR performed acutely would lead to lower VAS scores and decreased opioid intake. Methods: Prospectively collected data from an amputation registry at a single institution were utilized to identify patients who underwent TMR. Acute TMR was defined as TMR performed within 1 month of the major limb amputation. Primary outcomes included VAS pain scores and patient-reported opioid consumption. Results: In all, 25 patients (26 limbs) were identified in the acute group, and 18 patients (18 limbs) were identified in the delayed group. At intermediate follow-up (between 4 and 8 months postoperatively) and at final follow-up, the average pain VAS score in the delayed TMR group was significantly higher than that in the acute group (5.2 vs. 1.9 at intermediate P = .01 and 6.2 vs. 1.9 at final P = .002). In all, 84% of the amputees overall were not consuming opioid medications at the time of final follow-up (79% acute, 88% delayed, P = .72). There were no statistically significant differences in opioid consumption between the acute and delayed group at intermediate follow-up ( P = .35) or at final follow-up ( P = .68). Conclusions: TMR is an effective procedure to reduce pain following major limb amputation. Patients with TMR performed acutely had significantly lower VAS pain scores at both intermediate and final follow-up than patients with TMR performed in a delayed setting. Type of Study/Level of Evidence: Therapeutic II.
Comparison of the axillary lymph node between rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis with computed tomography
Authors: Fukuda Takeshi , Kayama Reina , Ogiwara Sho , Yonenaga Takenori , Ojiri Hiroya 
Published: July 2022

Backgrounds There is a lack of universally available biomarker to differentiate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Purpose to see if the size of the axillary lymphnodes (ALNs) and the frequency of lymphadenopathy are useful biomarker to differentiate RA and PsA. Material and Methods Forty RA and 19 PsA patients without previous biologics usage were retrospectively included. Chest CT was assessed for the presence of lymphadenopathy and the size of the largest ALN. Frequency of lymphadenopathies was statistically compared between RA and PsA. The short axis and the long axis of the largest ALN were also compared and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Results Frequency of axillary lymphadenopathy was significantly higher in RA than in PsA (80% vs 31.6%, p < .001). Number of lymphadenopathies in each patient was also significantly higher in RA than in PsA (3.0 vs 1.2 per patient, p = .005). Sensitivity and specificity for differentiating RA from PsA by the presence of at least one axillary lymphadenopathy were 0.8 and 0.68, respectively. The short axis of the largest ALNs in RA was significantly longer than in PsA (6.5 ± 1.6 mm vs 4.7 ± 1.7 mm, p < .001). ROC curve analysis of the short axis showed AUC of 0.75 ( p = .002) and the cutoff value of 5.1 mm with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.74, when differentiating RA and PsA. Conclusion Presence of ALN lymphadenopathy and the short axis of the largest ALN may have a potential utility in differentiating RA and PsA.
Tennantite-(Cd), Cu6(Cu4Cd2)As4S13, from the Berenguela mining district, Bolivia: the first Cd-member of the tetrahedrite group
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Kasatkin Anatoly , Sejkora Jiří , Nestola Fabrizio , Škoda Radek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTennantite-(Cd), Cu10Cd2As4S13, was approved as a new mineral species from the Berenguela mining district, Pacajes Province, La Paz, Bolivia. It occurs as black metallic anhedral grains, up to 1 mm across, associated with baryte, montmorillonite and secondary Cd-sulfates (aldridgeite, niedermayrite and voudourisite). In reflected light, tennantite-(Cd) is isotropic and grey with brownish tints. Reflectance data for the four COM wavelengths in air are [λ (nm): R (%)]: 470: 30.0; 546: 30.1; 589: 28.2; and 650: 25.8. Electron microprobe analysis gave (in wt.% – average of 11 spot analyses): Cu 40.56(32), Ag 0.05(5), Fe 0.04(1), Zn 1.91(63), Cd 11.32(1.09), Hg 0.04(7), As 19.04(43), S 26.78(30), total 99.74(53). On the basis of ΣMe = 16 atoms per formula unit (apfu), the empirical formula of tennantite-(Cd) is Cu9.98Ag0.01Cd1.57Zn0.46Fe0.01As3.97S13.05. Tennantite-(Cd) is cubic, I$\bar{4}$3m, with unit-cell parameters a = 10.3088(2) Å, V = 1095.53(6) Å3 and Z = 2. Its crystal structure was refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to a final R1 = 0.0152 on the basis of 359 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 22 refined parameters. Tennantite-(Cd) is isotypic with other tetrahedrite-group minerals. Its crystal-chemistry is discussed and previous findings of Cd-rich tetrahedrite-group minerals are briefly reviewed.
Beryllium incorporation in corundum
Authors: Jollands Michael C. , Balan Etienne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe structure of corundum is not amenable to accommodating beryllium, yet Be is commonly added to corundum for purposes of colour modification. Where the main sites in corundum are octahedrally coordinated, Be is tetrahedrally coordinated in all known Be minerals. To attempt to explain this discrepancy, the configurations of Be in the Be–Al–O±H system were determined using density functional theory (DFT). In the Be–Al–O system, the most likely Be configuration is in triangular coordination, replacing Al and bonded to three oxygen on the basal plane (large triangle) of the Al-vacant octahedral site. When H is added, OH groups form at the opposite face of the same octahedron, pointing either into or out of the site. Be–H (beryllium hydride) defects are also stable at the DFT level, with Be bonded to three O and one H. As some defects contain O–H or Be–H bonds, the DFT calculations can be corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy. Spectra recorded from 1000 corundum crystals with elevated Be confirm that bands centred at 3062 and 2490 cm–1correspond to Be-associated defects. Polarised spectra show that the band at 2490 cm–1resolves into two, one centred at 2491 cm–1, with a shoulder at 2523 cm–1, one of which is probably associated with a Be–H bond. The 3062 cm–1band resolves into at least three, including a major band at 3058 cm–1, a shoulder at 3140 cm–1and a small, sharp band at 3082 cm–1. Whilst there are caveats relating to curve fitting and baseline subtraction, the 3058 cm–1band can probably be attributed to the defect where H points into the Al-vacant octahedral site, and the 3140 cm–1band to the defect where the H points out. To our knowledge, this is the first occurrence of Be in triangular coordination proposed for a naturally occurring mineral. This substitution mechanism may also explain the high diffusivity of Be, as Be is effectively associated with its own Al vacancy.
Long-read PacBio genome sequencing of four environmental saprophytic Sporothrix species spanning the pathogenic clade
Authors: Du Weian , Giosa Domenico , Wei Junkang , Giuffrè Letterio , Shi Ge , El Aamri Lamya , D’Alessandro Enrico , Hafidi Majida , de Hoog Sybren , Romeo Orazio , Huang Huaiqiu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The genus Sporothrix belongs to the order Ophiostomatales and contains mainly saprobic soil and plant fungi, although pathogenic species capable of causing human infections are also present. The whole-genomes of disease-causing species have already been sequenced and annotated but no comprehensive genomic resources for environmental Sporothrix species are available, thus limiting our understanding of the evolutionary origin of virulence-related genes and pathogenicity.

Result
The genome assembly of four environmental Sporothrix species resulted in genome size of ~ 30.9 Mbp in Sporothrix phasma, ~ 35 Mbp in S. curviconia, ~ 38.7 Mbp in S. protearum, and ~ 39 Mbp in S. variecibatus, with a variable gene content, ranging from 8142 (S. phasma) to 9502 (S. variecibatus). The analysis of mobile genetic elements showed significant differences in the content of transposable elements within the sequenced genomes, with the genome of S. phasma lacking several class I and class II transposons, compared to the other Sporothrix genomes investigated. Moreover, the comparative analysis of orthologous genes shared by clinical and environmental Sporothrix genomes revealed the presence of 3622 orthogroups shared by all species, whereas over 4200 genes were species-specific single-copy gene products. Carbohydrate-active enzyme analysis revealed a total of 2608 protein-coding genes containing single and/or multiple CAZy domains, resulting in no statistically significant differences among pathogenic and environmental species. Nevertheless, some families were not found in clinical species. Furthermore, for each sequenced Sporothrix species, the mitochondrial genomes was assembled in a single circular DNA molecule, ranging from 25,765 bp (S. variecibatus) to 58,395 bp (S. phasma).

Conclusion
In this study, we present four annotated genome assemblies generated using PacBio SMRT sequencing data from four environmental species: S. curviconia, S. phasma, S. protearum and S. variecibatus with the aim to provide a starting point for future comparative genome evolution studies addressing species diversification, ecological/host adaptation and origin of pathogenic lineages within the genus Sporothrix.
Heavy grazing reduced the spatial heterogeneity of Artemisia frigida in desert steppe
Authors: Wang Zihan , Lv Shijie , Han Guodong , Wang Zhongwu , Li Zhiguo , Ren Haiyan , Wang Jing , Sun Hailian , Zhang Guogang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrazing disturbance plays an important role in the desert steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China. Previous studies found that grazing affected the spatial distribution of species in a community, and showed patchiness characteristics of species under different grazing treatments.Artemisia frigidais the dominant species and semi-shrub in desert steppe, and whether grazing interference will affect the spatial distribution ofA. frigidais studied. In this study, geo-statistical methods were mainly used to study the spatial distribution characteristics ofA. frigidapopulation in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia at two scales (quadrat size 2.5 m × 2.5 m, 5 m × 5 m) and four stocking rates (control, CK, 0 sheep·ha–1·month–1; light grazing, LG, 0.15 sheep·ha–1·month–1, moderate grazing, MG, 0.30 sheep·ha–1·month–1, heavy grazing, HG, 0.45 sheep·ha–1·month–1).ResultsThe results showed that the spatial distribution ofA. frigidatended to be simplified with the increase of stocking rate, and tended to be banded with increased spatial scale. The density and height ofA. frigidaincreased with increasing scale. With increased stocking rate, the density ofA. frigidapopulation decreased linearly, while its height decreased in a step-wise fashion. The spatial distribution ofA. frigidawas mainly affected by structural factors at different scales and stocking rate. The density ofA. frigidawas more sensitive to change in stocking rate, and the patchiness distribution ofA. frigidawas more obvious with increase in scale.ConclusionsStocking rate has a strong regulatory effect on the spatial pattern ofA. frigidapopulation in the desert steppe. Heavy grazing reduced the spatial heterogeneity ofA. frigidain the desert steppe. The smaller dominant populations are unfavourable for its survival in heavy grazing condition, and affects the stability and productivity of the grassland ecosystem.
Association of NFKB1 gene rs28362491 mutation with the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events
Authors: Luo Jun-Yi , Liu Fen , Zhang Tong , Tian Ting , Luo Fan , Li Xiao-Mei , Yang Yi-Ning 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Several studies have reported that NFKB1 gene rs28362491 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to coronary heart disease in populations of different genetic backgrounds. To date, there have been no studies on the association between NFKB1 gene rs28362491 polymorphism and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE). The present study was to explore the relationship between NFKB1 gene rs28362491 polymorphism and MACCEs to investigate whether identifying NFKB1 gene polymorphism is beneficial to evaluating MACCE risks and patients’ prognoses.

Methods
We recruited 257 high-risk of cardiovascular disease patients with chest pain or precordial discomfort. The SNPscan™ were used to analyze the NFKB1 gene rs28362491 polymorphism. All patients were followed up in the clinic or by telephone interview for MACCEs.

Results
During the followed-up time (mean: 30.1 months) 49 patients had MACCEs (19.1%). Patients with the different genotypes of NFKB1 rs28362491 had different incidence rate of MACCE. The incidence of MACCE in patients carried II, ID and DD genotype was 16.5%, 15.9%, 32.6%, respectively. Log-rank analysis showed that the survival rate in patients with NFKB1 rs28362491 DD genotype was much lower than that in II or ID genotype carriers (P = 0.034). After excluding the influence of traditional risk factors of MACCEs, Cox regression showed that the DD genotype carriers had 2.294-fold relative risk of MACCEs comparing with patients carried II or ID genotype.

Conclusion
The NFKB1 gene rs28362491 mutant was an independent predictor of worse long-term prognosis for MACCEs. Therefore, identifying NFKB1 gene rs28362491 mutant may be used as a good way for guiding the standardized management of patients with high-risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Factors contributing to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistance/Rifampicin-resistance in patients with tuberculosis: an epidemiological cross sectional and qualitative study from Khabarovsk krai region of Russia
Authors: Bykov Ilia , Dyachenko Olga , Ratmanov Pavel , Liu Huan , Liang Libo , Wu Qunhong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant/Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB; resistance to Isoniazid and Rifampicin/Isolated resistance to Rifampicin) is putting in jeopardy the WHO End TB strategy. This study aimed to identify factors contributing to the high prevalence of MDR/RR-TB in Khabarovsk krai region of Russia.

Methods
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted, analyzing clinical, demographic, and drug susceptibility testing data on 1440 patients. As a source of raw data, the national electronic TB surveillance system was used. Anonymous data was collected on every patient diagnosed with TB in all healthcare facilities of the region from January 2018 to December 2019. Only patients with proven excretion of m. tuberculosis were included in the study. Factors associated with MDR/RR-TB were identified through logistic regression analysis, in conjunction with in-depth interviews with eight patients, five healthcare managers and five doctors.

Findings
2661 patients were identified with TB, 1440 were incorporated in the study based on inclusion criteria. Of these, 618 (42.9%) were identified with MDR/RR-TB. Patients with a history of imprisonment were 16.53 times (95% CI 5.37 to 50.88,) more likely to have MDR/RR-TB, whereas re-treatment patients were 2.82 times (95% CI 2.16 to 3.66) more likely to have MDR/RR-TB. Other influencing factors included presence of disability (AOR is 2.32, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.89), cavitary disease (AOR is 1.76, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.25), and retirement status (AOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.98, p = 0.042). Poor patient knowledge and understanding of the disease, progressive weariness of prolonged TB treatment, and inability hospitalize infectious patients without their consent were perceived by the interviewees as major influencing factors.

Conclusions
Incarceration and treatment history, regardless of outcome, were identified as major factors influencing MDR/RR-TB prevalence. It is essential for the TB care system to eliminate legal loopholes, which deprive doctors of means to enforce quarantine procedures and epidemiological surveillance on infected patients, former and current inmates. Increasing people’s awareness of TB, early detection and appropriate treatment of patients with TB are needed for successfully combating MDR/RR-TB.
Soluble POSTN is a novel biomarker complementing CA153 and CEA for breast cancer diagnosis and metastasis prediction
Authors: Jia Li , Li Guanhua , Ma Na , Zhang Aimin , Zhou Yunli , Ren Li , Dong Dong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BCa) is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and metastasis prediction are essential to improve the prognosis of BCa. This study aimed to evaluate serum periostin (POSTN) as a novel biomarker complementing CA153 (carbohydrate antigen 153) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) for BCa diagnosis and metastasis prediction.

Methods
To assess the potential of soluble POSTN as a circulating biomarker, 242 participants, including 173 patients with different stages of BCa and 69 healthy individuals, were enrolled in this study. Soluble POSTN, together with CA153 and CEA, were determined in serum by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.

Results
Serum POSTN levels in locoregional BCa patients were significantly higher than that in healthy controls. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis revealed that, to distinguish health controls from locoregional BCa, POSTN was observed with the highest AUC (area under curve) (AUCPOSTN = 0.72 [0.65 – 0.79], AUCCA153 = 0.57 [0.49 – 0.64], AUCCEA = 0.62 [0.55 – 0.69]), and both CA153 and CEA were observed with significantly improved AUCs by combination with POSTN (AUCPOSTN + CA153 = 0.74 [0.67 – 0.80], P < 0.001; AUCPOSTN + CEA = 0.77 [0.70 – 0.82], P < 0.001). Moreover, the performances of the POSTN were comparable with that of CA153 in predicting distant metastasis of BCa (AUCPOSTN = 0.78 [0.71 – 0.84], AUCCA153 = 0.82 [0.76 – 0.88]). Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that elevated serum POSTN was associated with poor overall survival and progression-free survival.

Conclusions
This study suggested that soluble POSTN is a promising potential biomarker for diagnosis and metastasis prediction of BCa.
Laboured reading and musculoskeletal pain in school children - the role of lifestyle behaviour and eye wear: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Thorud Hanne-Mari Schiøtz , Mork Randi , Bjørset Cecilie Onshuus , Gilson Stuart J. , Hagen Lene A. , Langaas Trine , Pedersen Hilde R. , Svarverud Ellen , Vikesdal Gro Horgen , Baraas Rigmor C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Lifestyle behaviour in children and adolescents has become increasingly sedentary and occupied with digital work. Concurrently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of headache, neck- and low back pain, which are leading causes of disability globally. Extensive near work and use of digital devices are demanding for both the visual system and the upper body head-stabilizing musculature. Uncorrected vision problems are present in up to 40% of Nordic school children, and a lack of corrective eye wear may cause eyestrain, musculoskeletal pain and headache. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between laboured reading, musculoskeletal pain, uncorrected vision, and lifestyle behaviours in children and adolescents.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study with a total of 192 Norwegian school children aged 10–11 and 15–16 years. As a part of a school vision testing program, the children completed an online questionnaire about general and ocular health, socioeconomic status, academic ambition, near work and related symptoms, upper body musculoskeletal pain, and physical and outdoor activities.

Results
The 15–16-year-olds had a more indoor, sedentary, digital-based lifestyle with higher academic demands, compared with the 10–11-year-olds. Concurrently, reading became more laboured and upper body musculoskeletal pain increased with age. Girls reported more symptoms, higher academic ambitions, and more time spent on schoolwork and reading, compared with boys. Non-compliance in wearing prescribed eye wear (glasses or contact lenses), increased use of near digital devices, and experiencing visual stress (glare) were positively associated with laboured reading and upper body musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusions
A screen-based lifestyle with high academic demands challenges the ability to sustain long hours of static, intensive near work. Extensive near work tires the visual system and upper body musculature and provokes laboured reading and musculoskeletal pain symptoms. This study emphasizes the importance of regular eye examinations in school children, and the need to raise awareness among children, parents, and school- and health personnel about the importance of optimal vision and visual environment for academic performance and health.