bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal Disorders in Pakistani Women during Pregnancy: A Population Base Study
Authors: Nabi Muhammad , Habib  Erum , Ahmed Rubina , Yaseen Muhammad , Ali Nasir , Rahim Shah Abdur 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Changes in posture, blood physiology, weight increase, changes in musculotendinous strength, and joints and ligaments laxity are only some of the physical changes that occur during pregnancy. According to several studies, pregnancy-related back discomfort affects 25% to 75% of women. The primary goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive picture of women's musculoskeletal issues during pregnancy and identify the most prevalent triggers of pregnancy-related musculoskeletal discomfort.
Methodology: From Jan 2019 to Jan 2020, the Department of Orthopedic Surgery Territory Care Hospital performed this investigation. In this research, 92 women were enrolled after the IRB (Institutional Review Board) of the Territory Care Hospital approved the study's ethical standards. This research monitored patients throughout their pregnancies to see if they had any musculoskeletal issues. Pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45 who had a term pregnancy (37-42 weeks) were included in the research. The authors didn't include women with any history of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or SLE, a systemic autoimmune disease.
Findings: Participants in the research were 32.18 years old on average with a standard deviation of 7.82 years. Moreover, half of the participants were college graduates, 71. (76.44%) while pregnant, participants gained an average weight of 14.70 and 7.82 kg. Only four (4 %) of these women engaged in aerobic activity. Most study participants reported musculoskeletal complaints at night with 75 reporting nighttime symptoms (85%). There were 82 (90%) people with low back pain, 10 (10%) participants with arthralgia, 35 (40%) participants with arthritis, and 32 (35%) participants with neck pain in the study. Pregnancy-related musculoskeletal issues substantially drain the health care system's budget. Arthritis and neck discomfort is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal complaints. Pregnancy-related weight gain and inactivity exacerbate these issues. The findings of this research need to be validated in more extensive trials.
SOCIAL-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING BLENDED LEARNING AMONG STUDENTS IN KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE
Authors: Tibi George , Regina Bonareri , Okumu Winstone , Musyoka Kainde , Anyango Candy , Mutiria Ben 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: The objective was to determine the social-economic factors influencing blended learning among students in Kenya Medical Training College
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done. In the KMTC campuses the average student population is thirty thousand (30,000). The research used simple random sampling in the selected campuses. The sample size was 384. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics whereas qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Qualitative data was transformed into themes and analyzed with the helped of SPSS version 25. Collected data was edited, sorted, cleaned and coded for data analysis.
Findings: The study concluded that Proficiency in the use of a learning device and cost are major challenges that hinder success of blended learning. Most respondents feel that blended learning is expensive. The study also concluded that students have devices that they can use for online learning and that students can access the college e-learning platform on season basis,
Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the institutions should Strengthening of campus internet services to support E learning. The study further recommended that the policy on delivery of learning instructions and materials should be reviewed to reflect the changing times. Further, policy makers need to consider the characteristics of the learners and trainers so as to reduce the barriers to successful implementation of blended learning by applying different strategies to each category of adopters.
The Effect of Work Motivation Model on Nurse’s Stress in Leith General Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hemairi Mohammed , Al Harazi Saleh Abdulkareem , Al Yazidi Saleh Marzek , Al Malawi Daifullah Oleyan Mirbad , Al Amary Ahmed Hamdi Mohammed , Al Malawi Mustafa Saad , Hakami Ibrahim Yahiya 
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Nursing is a stressful occupation, it had been theorized that work motivation influences the degree of job stress. However, there is lack of research about the relationship between motivation and stress in health organizations. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the impact of organization motivation on work stress among nurses working in a public hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Methodology: Through a cross-sectional study, all nurses in Al-Leith hospital which is a semi-urban general public hospital were invited to be included in the study. They had been requested to a predesigned valid self-administered questionnaire including demographic variables, Motivation at work questionnaire (MWQ) and Workplace Stress Scale. SPSS ver 26 was used for data entry and statistical analysis; Pearson correlation coefficient was used and statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05.
Findings: Out of all interviewed nurses (n=204), non-Saudis formed 78.9% and the majority were female (86.8%), and two thirds had bachelor qualification (66.2%). The overall mean scores for the domains of the organization motivation were highest in shared values (Total mean±SD; 3.8±0.85) and intrinsic job motivation (Total mean±SD; 3.8±0.79), while the lowest was on influence on work (Total mean±SD; 3.3±0.94). The total work stress score accounted for 2.7±0.73. The correlation matrix displayed showed that the work stress showed significantly negative correlation with all domains of the work motivation p<0.05.
Recommendations: Work motivation, through its all domains, is inversely correlated with work stress. Stakeholders and policy makers of health organizations should take these findings in account when planning for improving occupational environment for nurses.
The relationship between defence mechanisms and clinical variables in myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Korkmaz Hasan , Karasu Mehdi , Ateşçelik Metin , Özsoy Filiz , Korkmaz Sevda 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionAlthough patients with myocardial infarction (MI) history exhibit individual differences, several psychological problems can be observed in these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between defence mechanisms and other clinical and sociodemographic data in the early period in patients with MI history.Material and methodsSixty patients diagnosed with MI and hospitalized in the cardiology department were included in the study. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Defence Styles Questionnaire (DSQ) were applied.ResultsIt was determined that the mean BDI score of the participants was 15.9 ±11.2, and the mean BAI score was 15.98 ±10.9. There was a positive correlation between the depression and immature defence mechanism scores of the patients, and there was a negative correlation between the depression and mature defence mechanism scores of the patients (p = 0.001, r = 0.412; p = 0.005, r = –0.359). A negative correlation was determined between anxiety scores and mature defence mechanism scores (p = 0.002, r = –0. 397).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrated that depressive complaints of the post-MI patients increased as the immature defence mechanism score increased, and depressive complaints decreased as the maturity defence mechanism score increased. The correlation between the defence mechanisms adopted by MI patients and depression and anxiety symptoms should not be neglected.
The Influence of School Resources on Instruction of KiswahiliGrammar in Baringo Central Sub-County
Authors: Githinji Damaris Gakii , Lihanda Milton Kigaro 
Published: October 2022

The study set out to investigate how school resources influence the instruction of Kiswahili grammarin Baringo Central Sub-County. Kiswahili is among the core subjects taught in secondary schools curriculum in Kenya. It is the official and national language in the Republic of Kenya. There, however,have been several challenges affecting the subject in schools. From the study, it was established that 66.7% of sampled schools lacked the necessary teaching and learning resources like library and classes
hence impeding academic achievement. The study will be useful in helping school authorities, the Ministry of Education, County authorities and other stakeholders to understand the role played byresource availability in facilitating the instruction of Kisw
a hili grammar in Baringo Central Sub-County.It recommends that the Ministry of Education, school authorities, County authorities and other stakeholders should provide enough facilities and resources for teaching and learning like libraries and
classrooms.
Dhima Katika Mawasiliano ya Ushairi wa Jando Katika Jamii ya Watachoni, Kaunti ya Bungoma
Authors: Iyaya Richard Makhakha , Wendo Prof. Nabea , Mayaka Dkt. Gwachi J. 
Published: October 2022

Makala haya yalilenga kuchunguza dhima ya mawasiliano ya ushairi wa jando kwenye jamii ya Watachoni wa kaunti ya Bungoma. Utafiti uliendelezwa kwa muundo wa kimaelezo ya kiethnografia ulioangazia kanuni za mila, utamaduni na mahusiano ya kimawasiliano na athari zake kwa mitindo na lugha ya uwasilishaji ilikubainisha dhima yake. Nadharia ya Baada ya Umuundo ya Derrida (1966) ilitumika kuchanganua miundo nakuonyesha kuwa matini hubainisha ukinzani wa ujumbe anaouhusisha mwasilishaji katika kazi yake. Nadharia ya ubabe-dume ya Maclennes (1998) pia ilitumika kuchunguza namna mitindo ya uwasilishaji na lugha katika mawasiliano ya ushairi wa jando unavyoathiri asasi za kijamii.Utafiti huu ulihusisha kusanyaji wa deta moja kwa moja kutoka jamii ya Watachoni wakati wa shughuli za jando kwenye Kaunti ya Bungoma. Kundi lengwalilikuwa watahiriwa, wazazi, wanaume na wanawake Watachoni na viongozi wa shughuli za jando. Tulitumia sampuli kusudio na
sampuli nasibu tabakishi kubainisha ushairi na wasailiwa waliorejelewa kuyaainisha mawasiliano haya ya ushairi wa jando.
Ushairi 16 na watafitiwa 45 walirejelewa kuyachanganua mawasiliano haya katika awamu zote za shughuli za jando.
Deta iliyokusanywa ilirekodiwa,ikaandikwa na kutafsiriwa kutoka lugha ya Kitachoni hadi ya Kiswahili kisha ikachanganuliwa. Utafiti huu ulitumia mbinu za uchunguzaji nyanjani, mahojiano, mashauriano na wasimamizi na kuainisha habari zilizotokana na vyombo vya habari.Vifaa kama vile kamera za picha tuli na za kunasa sauti na video vilitumika kukusanyia deta na hatimaye
kuziwasilisha kwa njia za maelezo na majedwali.Deta iliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo na kufafanuliwa kwa
kuzingatia malengo, nadharia na mipaka ya utafiti.
Namna Matumizi ya Mikakati ya Kutafsiri, Kama Uteuzi Na Mpangilio WA Maneno, Ilivyochangia katika Uandishi Upya WA BukuitNe Tilil
Authors: Singoei Jane Jepkoech , Kandagor Mosol , Mohamed Mwanakombo 
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu ulidhamiria Kupambanua namna matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri, ilivyochangia katika uandishi upya wa
BukuitNe Tilil. Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia mbili, ambazo ni nadharia ya tafsiri vitendo ambayo ilitumika kubaini jinsi tofauti za kimazingira kati ya hadhira ya matini asilia na ya matini pokezi ilivyopelekea uandishi upya kufanyika wakati wa kutafsiri. Nadharia ya pili ni ya ulinganifu, ambapo matini asilia ililinganishwa na matini pokezi ili kubaini kama ujumbe ulihifadhiwa katika matini tafsiri. Aidha,tamaduni, matumizi ya msamiati na sarufi zililinganishwa kwa kuchunguza mikakati na mbinu zilizotumika kutafsiri matini asilia, na hivyo kubaini uandishi upya katika matini pokezi. Data zilikusanywa kupitia uchunguzi maktabani na vilevile kuwasaili washikadau katika Ofisi ya Utafsiri wa Bibilia ya Kapsabet na Shirika la Kutafsiri Biblia nchini, pamoja na wazungumza lugha ya Kikalenjin ambao walituelekeza juu ya matumizi ya baadhi yamaneno. Usampuli wa kimakusudi ulitumiwa ili kupata data iliyotumika katika uchanganuzi. Kitabu cha Mithalikatika Agano la Kale kiliteuliwa kwa minajili ya utafiti huu.Utafiti huu ulibaini kuwa matumizi ya mikakati ya kutafsiri ilichangia uandishi upya wa kazi tafsiri. Uchunguzi huu ulipendekeza kuwa mashirika ya kufanya tafsiri yaimarishwe kwa kupewa uthamini ili kutafsiri makala nyingi Zaidi.
Sifa Za Kiuhalisiaajabu Katika Riwaya Nne Teule Za Watoto
Authors: Mwai Ruth Wangari , Gitonga Dr. Ntiba Onesmus 
Published: October 2022

Utafiti huu unakusudia kutathmini sifa za kiuhalisiaajabu katika riwaya nne teule za watoto ambazo ni:Mama wa Kambo
(2005) ya Catherine Kisovi,Karamu Mbinguni(2002) ya Njiru Kimunyi,Mkasa wa Fumo Liyongo(2001) ya Bitugi Matundura na
Chura Mcheza Ngoma(2001) ya Rebecca. Mtafiti aliteua riwaya nne za watoto kwa kutumia sampuli makusudi. Riwaya hizi ni sehemu ya riwaya hamsini (50) zilizokusanywa zenye data mwafaka na ni baadhi ya miongoni mwa zile ambazo zilipendekezwa na kupitishwa na ile iliyokuwa Taasisi ya Elimu nchini Kenya (K.I.E.) kusomwa nawanafunzi katika darasa la nne hadi la nane na ziliweza kupatikana kwa urahisi kwa madhumuni ya utafiti. Utafiti huu ulifanyiwa maktabani. Mtafiti alitumia mbinu ya utafiti ya
uchanganuzi wa yaliyomo kama utaratibu wa utafiti wa maandishi. Mtafiti alikusanya data ya kimsingi maktabani. Baadhi ya mihimili yake ndiyo ilitumiwa katika uchanganuzi wa data iliyokusanywa. Pia mtafiti alitathmini vitabu husika na kudondoa data iliyohitajika. Jumla ya riwaya nne zilizoandikwa kwa ajili ya watoto zilitumiwa kupata data iliyotakikana katika uchanganuzi. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yaliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo. Hatimaye, data iliyokusanywa ilichanganuliwa. Utafiti huu ulibaini kuwa Kuna matukio ya kiajabu yaliyotumiwa katika riwaya hizi nne za watoto. Aidha sifa za kihalisiaajabu zimebainika wazi katika riwaya hizi.Kwa mujibu wa makala haya ni bayana kwamba uhalisiaajabu umetumika katika riwaya hizi kwa madhumuni
ya kuendeleza masuala ibuka kwa hadhira ya watoto.
Itikadi na Uwezo wa Kijinsia katika Nyimbo za Taarab
Authors: Malenya Mary M. , Simwa Sheila Pamela Wandera , Ogola James O. 
Published: October 2022

Makala haya yalilenga kuchunguza itikadi inavyomsawiri mwanamke huku ikimpokonya uwezo wa kutekeleza majukumu sawa na mwanamume. Itikadi ndio huwaongoza watu namna wanavyotumia lugha na hivyo kudhihirisha mahusiano ya mamlaka. Usemi huu unadhibitisha hoja zinazowaongoza watunzi wa fasihi hivi kwamba lugha wanayotumia ndio hubainisha nafasi anayopewa mwanajamii. Suala hili liliwezeshwa kwa kuwepo na malengo mawili. Moja, kuchunguza utunzi na maudhui tawala katika nyimbo
teule za taarab ili kubaini mafungamano ya masuala hayo na itikadi inayotawala. Pili, kuonyesha mahusiano ya uwezo kati ya mwanamke na mwanamume katika jamii kupitia nyimbo za taarab. Malengo haya yaliafikiwa kupitia uchanganuzi wa matumizi ya lugha katika nyimbo mbili teule za taarab ili kuonyesha usawiri wa mwanamke kwa kuzingatia itikadi na uwezo wa kijinsia. Nyimbo zilizochanganuliwa ni Daktari wa Mapenzi na VIP ambazo zimeimbwa na Mzee Yusuf akiwa na bendi ya Jahazi Modern Taarab nchini Tanzania.Vigezo vikuu vya uteuzi wa nyimbo hizi ni maudhui na lugha. Nadharia zilizotumika ni ufeministi wa
Kiafrika inayorejelea masuala ya jinsia ya kike pamoja na Uchanganuzi Hakiki Usemi (UHU) itakayochunguzamatumizi ya lugha. Data za makala haya zilikusanywa kwa kuchanganua nyimbo teule. Mtafiti alisikiza kanda ili kupata matini za kumfaa katika ukusanyaji data. Data iliyokusanywa ilifanyiwa unukuzi, kuainishwa,kupangwa, kuchanganuliwa na kufasiriwa kwa kuzingatia mihimili ya nadharia mbili zilizotumika katika utafiti huu. Data hiyo iliwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo.
Uchanganuzi wa Maudhui na Wahusika Kibibliotherapia katika Hadithi Fupi Teule za Kiswahili
Authors: Mavis Rose , Mayaka Dr. Gwachi , Nabea Prof. Wendo 
Published: October 2022

Bibliotherapia ni mbinu muhimu inayoweza kutumiwa kama kipumuo kwa vijana kwa baadhi ya matatizo
yanayowakumba katika kipindi fulani cha maisha yao. Bibliotherapia humsaidia msomaji kupitia mtagusano
wake na maudhui na wahusika ambao wamepitia hali kama ya yule msomaji. Makala haya yalilenga
kuchanganua maudhui na uhusika ili kubaini sifa za kibibliotherapia katika diwani hizi za hadithi fupi;MayaiWaziri wa Maradhi na hadithi nyingine (2004),Damu Nyeusi na Hadithi Nyingine(2007),Kiti cha Moyoni na hadithi nyingine (2007)na Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Hadithi Nyingine (2016).Mbinu iliyotumiwa kukusanya data hii ni majadiliano katika makundi au kundi lengani. Utafiti huu ulipata matini yake kutoka kwa hadithi fupi teule zinazotumiwa au zinazoweza kutumiwa kama matini ya fasihi ya Kiswahili katika shule za upili. Utafiti huu ulichukua sampuli kutoka kwa shule 7 za Serikali katika eneo la utafiti. Eneo la utafiti ni kaunti ya Nairobi. Sampuli iliteuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu zifuatazo; kimakusudi, kinasibu na utabakishaji. Watafitiwa walikuwa walimu 28 pamoja na wanafunzi 112 wa Kidato cha Tatu wa fasihi ya Kiswahili ambao walizisoma hadithi fupi teule na kutathmini sifa za kibibliotherapia.Kazi hii iliongozwa na mihimili ya nadharia ya Mapatano ya Mwitikio wa Msomaji yake Rosenblatt(1995). Mijadala ya kundi lengani ilionyesha kwamba hadithi fupi zinazosomwa darasani ni za kuaminika na maudhui yanaeleweka vizuri .Ufaafu wa maudhui na wahusika kwa mahitaji ya wanafunzi ni muhimu ili faida za kibibliotherapia zipatikane.
Umuhimu wa mafumbo yanayotumika katika miktadha ya wosia wa babu kwa wavulana miongoni mwa Wabukusu wa Kenya.
Authors: John Swala Barasa Wangila  , Wandera-Simwa, Sheila  , Onyango James Ogola  
Published: October 2022

IKISIRI
Utafiti huu ulihakiki umuhimu wa mafumbo yanayotumiwa katika miktadha ya wosia wa babu kwa wavulana miongoni mwa Wabukusu wa Kenya. Mafumbo ni kipera cha semi katika fasihi simulizi. Tafiti za awali zilijikita katika kipengele cha mafumbo zikishughulikia maudhui na fani ya lugha kwa jumla, lakini bado kuna haja ya kuhakiki umuhimu wa mafumbo yanayotumiwa katika wosia wa babu kwa wavulana katika jamii ya Wabukusu. Hii ndiyo sababu kuu iliyochochea utafiti huu kufanywa ili kulijaza pengo hili la kiusomi. Nadharia ya uamilifu ilitumiwa katika uwasilishaji na uchanganuzi wa data. Kata mbili za Kimilili na Kamukuywa ndizo zilizochaguliwa kuwakilisha kaunti ndogo ya Kimilili. Mbinu za mahojiano na uchunzaji wa kushiriki zilitumika katika ukusanyaji wa data. Utafiti huu ulitumia muundo wa kimaelezo katika kuchanganua na kuwasilisha data. Sampuli ya kimaksudi ilitumiwa kuchagua wazee wanne wa kati ya miaka sitini na sabini na wavulana wanne wa kati ya miaka kumi na nane hadi ishirini na mbili kutoka kila kata husika ili kushiriki katika utafiti. Ilibainika kuwa babu hutumia mafumbo kuficha siri, kushauri, kuonya, kuleta utangamano, kuhimiza ubunifu, kukuza lugha, kukuza maadili mema na kupunguza makali katika semi miongoni mwa wavulana. Utafiti huu utatumiwa kama marejeleo na wasomi wengine katika tafiti zinazohusu jamii ya Wabukusu.

ABSTRACT
This research analysed the importance of puzzles that are used by grandfathers to advise young men among the Bukusus of Kenya. Puzzles fall under short forms in oral literature. Previous Researchers focused on themes and styles in general but there is still room for research that focus on the importance of the puzzles in the context of the grandfather’s advisory session to the initiates amongst the Bukusus. This is the academic gap that the researcher intended to fill in. The research was purposively done in Kimilili and Kamukuywa locations of Kimilili Sub County in Bungoma County. Functionalism theory was used in data analysis and interpretation. Functionalism theory emphasizes on the importance of all aspects of literature in the society. This research employed participation and interview methods in data collection. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the research sample whereby four elders of between sixty and seventy years and four young men of between eighteen and twenty two years were selected from each of the two locations to participate in the study. Descriptive method was used in data analysis and presentation. It emerged that puzzles are used in keeping secrets, enhance unity, improve creativity, language development, developing good manners and reduce tension in speech. This research will be used as a reference point for oral literature studies amongst the Bukusu community.
Muainisho wa matamko tendi katika riwaya za Ken Walibora
Authors: Juliet A. Jagero; Naomi N. Musembi Koko A. Monica; 
Published: October 2022

Ikisiri
Makala hii inanuia kuchunguza matamko tendi yanayopatikana katika dayolojia baina ya wahusika katika riwaya za Walibora. Madhumuni mahsusi ni kuainisha MT yaliyotumiwa katika riwaya za Walibora. Makala iliongozwa na Nadharia ya Vitendo Usemi. Muundo wa kiuchanganuzi ulitumiwa huku taaluma ikiwa ni pragmatiki. Sampuli dhamirifu ilitumika kuteua riwaya nne za Walibora huku sampuli dabwadabwa ikitumika kuteua MT kutoka riwaya hizo. Mbinu ya unukuzi ilitumiwa kudondoa sehemu za matini na kuwekwa kwenye jedwali la matukio. Deta zilichanganuliwa kwa kutumia mbinu ya kimaelezo kulingana na madhumuni ya makala na kuwasilishwa kwa njia ya maelezo na majedwali. Makala yalionyesha MT mengi kuwa MTE yakiwa 121 kwa 285. Idadi kubwa ya MT yalikuwa ya kuamuru kumaanisha msemaji alitumia mamlaka aliyo nayo kushrutisha msemewa atende jambo kwa kuzingatia kanuni ya kiilokusheni. Mengine yakiwa ya kukaribisha. Uchanganuzi wa MT una umuhimu katika usomaji, uchanganuzi na ufasiriaji wa mazungumzo ya wahusika na maana anayonuia mwandishi wa riwaya.

Maneno muhimu: Muainisho, matamko tendi, riwaya.

Abstract
This article seeked to analyse the speech acts in utterances in the conversation of the characters in Walibora‘s novels. The specific objective of the article was to categorise performative acts as used in the novels. Speech Acts Theory guided the study. The article employed analytical research design, while the article area was pragmatics. Purposive sampling was used to select Walibora’s four novels while saturation sampling was employed to select the performative acts in the novels. Content analysis was done while selected performative acts were recorded in a table of occurrence. Data was analysed thematically depending on research objectives and presented using text and tables. The research found out that the most dominant category of performative acts were the directives with 121 out of 285. The usage of the performative acts were predominantly attempts to order the hearer to do something. That means the speaker employed their authority to order the hearer to do something according to illocutionary felicity. Another predominant type was the acts of welcoming. Performative acts analysis have importance on the readership, analysis, and interpretation of characters’ conversations and the implied meaning in novels.

Key terms: categorisation, performative acts, characters, novels.