bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We Gotta Have It: Black and Brown ideologies on solidarity
Authors: Sankofa S. Divine , Muñoz Natalie , Philippe Deanna , Genao Soribel , Rodríguez Cristóbal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, which highlighted the disparities of healthcare for Black and Brown communities, the tragic and senseless deaths of George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, Tony McDade, and Rashard Brooks took place before we were halfway into 2020. Furthermore, while Black deaths at the hands of police are the highest rate compared to all groups, Latinos follow right behind at almost twice the rate compared to Whites, which highlight how both Black and Brown communities face the same crisis and oppression, and both face the greater need for solidarity. Reflecting on a recent historical period of our socio-political culture, this article endeavors to expose how the media’s influence has amplified the need to reignite a rallying cry of race and identities across the globe. Utilizing our educational backgrounds and classroom experiences, we examine what can be learned by amplifying the importance of culturally relevant pedagogy and solidarity through the lens of Spike Lee’s She’s Gotta Have It series on Netflix. We specifically explore the oneness of Black and Brown people and highlight how solidarity is key for upliftment and well-being.
Nonlinear numerical simulation of dynamic response of pile site and pile foundation under earthquake
Authors: Liang Wenwen , Leng Lingye , Tian Hao , Tian Xiao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo study the influence of the nonlinear connection of pile and soil on the dynamic response characteristics of the pile foundation, this article proposes to study the dynamic response of the bridge pile foundation to the slope by combining the centrifugal shaking table test and OPENSEES open source finite element program. This article introduces the pressure-dependent multiyield surface model based on confining pressure. Through the inverse calculation of the similarity ratio of the centrifuge model test, the OPENSEES two-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the pile group in the slope section can be established. The centrifuge shaking table test is to input the preset seismic wave horizontally at the bottom of the model box. The form of seismic wave is El Centro wave verification of two-dimensional finite element model of the pile group in slope section under earthquake. The reliability of the model is verified by comparing the test and calculated values of dynamic response (residual horizontal displacement and final bending moment) of the pile body under five different peak acceleration seismic wave loading conditions. In the dynamic response experiment of slope pile foundation, in the embedded part below the bedrock surface, the residual horizontal displacement of each pile body is zero. Constrained by the cap beam and tie beam, the displacement of the free section of the pile group at these two positions is basically the same. Through comprehensive analysis, the displacement of P1 and P2 piles is basically the same. The calculated value of the final bending moment of P1 and P2 piles shows the same change trend as the test value, and the test value is slightly larger than the calculated value. The relative errors of the maximum final bending moment of P1 pile under each loading condition are 7.4, 7.8, 12.6, 3.9, and 9.6%, respectively, and the relative errors of P2 pile are 4.6, 3.6, 12.5, 13.6, and 11.5%, respectively. The analysis relative error is caused by the elastic element used in the calculation of the pile body, which is different from the mechanical behavior of the simulated pile body material in the test. Dynamic response of slope site according to the existing centrifuge test results can be seen that the deformation at the slope shoulder of slope site is the most obvious under the earthquake. The inclined interface of soft and hard rock and soil layer will aggravate the dynamic response of the overburden layer on the slope, weakening its ability of seismic energy consumption.
Basic mechanical and fatigue properties of rubber materials and components for railway vehicles: A literature survey
Authors: Kang Wei , Liu Jiefu , Xiong Wei , You Tianyu , Wang Xinxin , Zeng Kexin , Deng Yingao , Guo Zichao , Yuan Ke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rubber material is widely used in railway vehicles due to its superior damping performance. The testing methods, fatigue, and aging theories of rubber materials are of great significance to improve the design, manufacture, and application of rubber components for railway vehicles. This work systematically introduces the constitutive theory, mechanical testing standards, and testing methods of rubber materials. Then, the aging mechanism is described and the research progress of rubber fatigue properties is reviewed from the perspectives of fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation. Moreover, the reinforcement methods of rubber materials are presented. Finally, according to the working conditions of rubber components in railway vehicle, the technical difficulties and future research trends of fatigue characteristics analysis of rubber materials and components are pointed out.
Can acute high-altitude sickness be predicted in advance?
Authors: Guo Yan , Liu Xiao , Zhang Qiang , Shi Zhongshan , Zhang Menglan , Chen Jie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In high-altitude environments, the oxygen and air density are decreased, and the temperature and humidity are low. When individuals enter high-altitude areas, they are prone to suffering from acute mountain sickness (AMS) because they cannot tolerate hypoxia. Headache, fatigue, dizziness, and gastrointestinal reactions are the main symptoms of AMS. When these symptoms cannot be effectively alleviated, they can progress to life-threatening high-altitude pulmonary edema or high-altitude cerebral edema. If the risk of AMS can be effectively assessed before people enter high-altitude areas, then the high-risk population can be promptly discouraged from entering the area, or drug intervention can be established in advance to prevent AMS occurrence and avoid serious outcomes. This article reviews recent studies related to the early-warning biological indicators of AMS to provide a new perspective on the prevention of AMS.
Effects of Differing Foam Rolling Periods on Training Volume and Myoelectric Responses of Lower-Body Muscles
Authors: Santana Haroldo Gualter , Paz Gabriel Andrade , Willardson Jeffrey M. , Farias Déborah de Araújo , Miranda Humberto 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Santana, HG, Paz, GA, Willardson, JM, de Araújo Farias, D, and Miranda, H. Effects of differing foam rolling periods on training volume and myoelectric responses of lower-body muscles. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3311–3318, 2022—Foam rolling (FR) is a practice that has increased in popularity before and after resistance training. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of different foam rolling periods for the lower body muscles on subsequent performance, myoelectric activity and rating of perceived exertion in trained men. Fourteen men (26.2 ± 3.2 years, 178 ± 0.04 cm, 82.2 ± 10 kg and body mass index 25.9 ± 3.3kg/m−2) volunteered for this study. Four repetition maximum (4-RM) loads were determined for hexagonal bar deadlift and 45°-angled leg press during test and retest sessions over two nonconsecutive days. The experimental conditions included a traditional protocol (TP) with no prior foam rolling, and four other conditions that involved FR applied to the quadriceps, hamstrings and triceps surae for one set of 30 sec (P1), two sets of 30 sec (P2), three sets of 30 sec (P3), or four sets of 30 sec (P4).The resistance training consisted of five sets with 4-RM loads. The number of repetitions completed, the myoelectric activity of lower limbs were recorded, as well as the rating of perceived exertion for each protocol. There were no differences between the protocols in the total repetitions for the hexagonal bar deadlift and 45° angled leg press exercises. Similar results between protocols were also noted for muscle activity and rated perceived exertion (RPE). Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that the FR didn't provide effects on performance, myoelectric activity and rating of perceived exertion responses during high intensity resistance performance for lower limb exercises.
Kinanthropometric Characteristic Comparisons of NCAA Division I Offensive and Defensive Linemen Spanning 8 Decades
Authors: Jacobson Bert H. , Dawes Jay , Smith Doug , Johnson Quincy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Jacobson, BH, Dawes, J, Smith, D, and Johnson, Q. Kinanthropometric characteristic comparisons of NCAA Division I offensive and defensive linemen spanning eight decades. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3404–3408, 2022—College football players have gained body mass, stature, and speed since the inception of the game. Of particular note is the body mass gain of NCAA Division I offensive linemen (OL) and defensive linemen (DL). The primary purpose of this study was to compare body mass and stature of OL and DL for each decade since 1950 and to subsequently compare speed using more recently available NFL Combine data to determine if the rates of gain have been consistent or is waning. Ten universities were randomly chosen from the “Power Five” conferences based on the prominence of their football programs. Recorded data included players' body mass, stature, and available 40 yd times. For each team, 8 OL and 8 DL were chosen, totaling 80 OL and 80 DL. Results indicated that body mass increased significantly (p < 0.05) for both OL and DL (57.9 and 54.4%, respectively). However, the rate of weight gain for either OL or DL was not linear. Both OL and DL consistently increased in height from 1950 with OL and DL increasing 12.7 cm (5.0 in) and 11.4 cm (4.7 in), respectively. In addition, 40 yd times have improved over the 3 available decades (2000–2020). The 2020 times were significantly faster than the 2000 for both OL and DL. These findings may have profound implications related to player safety. The overall increases in body mass of linemen in combination with greater speed may result in have devastating consequences to the human body in a contact/collision sport such as football. Indeed, new rules are being considered to reduce debilitating injures.
Adaptations to a Concurrent Exercise Training Program in Inactive Aging Women
Authors: Wadsworth Danielle D. , Rodriguez-Hernandez Mynor , Huffman Lorena S. , McDonald James R. , Spring Katherine E. , Pascoe David D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Wadsworth, DD, Rodriguez-Hernandez, M, Huffman, LS, McDonald, JR, Spring, KE, and Pascoe, DD. Adaptations to a concurrent exercise training program in inactive aging women. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3217–3223, 2022—This study assessed the effect of a 10-week, sprint interval concurrent exercise training program on body composition and muscular strength in aging women. Sixty-five inactive women (age, 40–64 years) were randomized into 2 sprint interval exercise programs, 0% incline and 6% incline. Sprint interval training was performed to achieve 95% of each subject's age-predicted maximal heart rate for a series of 40 seconds of work followed by 20 seconds of passive recovery. An undulating resistance training protocol, composed of 30 sessions, was performed by each group throughout the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorption scans were assessed body composition, and 1 repetition maximum was performed to assess muscular strength. Subjects in both groups significantly reduced fat mass by approximately 0.35 kg (p = 0.002), and visceral adipose tissue by 0.05 kg (p = 0.032). There were significant increases in lean body mass by approximately 0.50 kg (p = 0.005), lower-body muscular strength by approximately 46.83 kg (p < 0.001), and upper-body muscular strength by approximately 11.68 kg (p < 0.001). No significant between-groups interactions were observed. A sprint interval training concurrent exercise training program is an effective strategy to improve body composition and muscular strength in inactive, aging women. Muscular strength improvements resulting from this intervention are particularly important because muscular strength losses are strong predictors of morbidity and mortality.
The Effects of Sprint Interval Training on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hall Andy J. , Aspe Rodrigo R. , Craig Thomas P. , Kavaliauskas Mykolas , Babraj John , Swinton Paul A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hall, AJ, Aspe, RR, Craig, TP, Kavaliauskas, M, Babraj, J, and Swinton, PA. The effects of sprint interval training on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 457–481, 2023—The present study aimed to synthesize findings from published research and through meta-analysis quantify the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and potential moderators on physical performance outcomes (categorized as aerobic, anaerobic, mixed aerobic-anaerobic, or muscular force) with healthy adults, in addition to assessing the methodological quality of included studies and the existence of small study effects. Fifty-five studies were included (50% moderate methodological quality, 42% low methodological quality), with 58% comprising an intervention duration of ≤4 weeks and an array of different training protocols. Bayesian’s meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) identified a medium effect of improved physical performance with SIT (ES0.5 = 0.52; 95% credible intervals [CrI]: 0.42–0.62). Moderator analyses identified overlap between outcome types with the largest effects estimated for anaerobic outcomes (ES0.5 = 0.61; 95% CrI: 0.48–0.75). Moderator effects were identified for intervention duration, sprint length, and number of sprints performed per session, with larger effects obtained for greater values of each moderator. A substantive number of very large effect sizes (41 SMDs > 2) were identified with additional evidence of extensive small study effects. This meta-analysis demonstrates that short-term SIT interventions are effective for developing moderate improvements in physical performance outcomes. However, extensive small study effects, likely influenced by researchers analyzing many outcomes, suggest potential overestimation of reported effects. Future research should analyze fewer a priori selected outcomes and investigate models to progress SIT interventions for longer-term performance improvements.
Validity of Gymnastics-Specific Assessment of Neuromuscular Function of Shoulder Flexor and Extensor Muscles to Predict Performance in Gymnastics Skills
Authors: Milosis Dimitrios C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Milosis, DC. Validity of gymnastics-specific assessment of neuromuscular function of shoulder flexor and extensor muscles to predict performance in gymnastics skills. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 652–660, 2023—This study examined the relationships between gymnastics-specific laboratory measurements of neuromuscular function of the shoulder flexor and extensor muscles and performance in specific gymnastics skills. Fifteen highly competitive male gymnasts and 18 male students (age 20.41 ± 2.51 years, body mass 69.7 ± 7.07 kg; mean ± SD) participated voluntarily. The electromyogram (EMG) was used to assess muscle activation of 3 flexor and 3 extensor shoulder muscles during isometric (45, 90, and 135°) and isokinetic (concentric and eccentric 60, 180, and 300°/s) flexion-extension of the shoulder. Peak torque (PT), neuromuscular efficiency (NME: torque to EMG ratio), and antagonist coactivation index (CI) were evaluated. Furthermore, performance in specific gymnastics skills was evaluated. The results supported the ecological validity of the measurements. Specifically, significant correlations emerged between the shoulders' neuromuscular function parameters and the performance in the gymnastics skills (PT: r = 0.798, p < 0.001, NME: r = 0.576, p < 0.001, CI: r = −0.351, p < 0.05). In addition, according to the results of the regression analysis, neuromuscular function of the shoulder flexor and extensor muscles predicted gymnastics performance. Specifically, the model that was produced significantly predicted the dependent variable (performance in specific gymnastics skills) in all steps and explained a total variance of 64.4% (p < 0.001). Based on beta coefficients, PT had the higher contribution to the prediction of performance. The insight gained on these relationships could help coaches to plan the training of their gymnasts and to monitor the longitudinal changes in neuromuscular function of shoulder muscles induced by training more effectively.
Oral Contraceptives and Female Rowers' Skeletal Health
Authors: Redinger Allen L. , Baker Breanne S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Redinger, AL and Baker, BS. Oral contraceptives and female rowers' skeletal health. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 669–677, 2023—Previous studies suggest that women using oral contraceptives (OC) experience fewer skeletal benefits from exercise compared with non-OC users. These findings may be especially important for athletes competing in weight-supported sports with a high prevalence of low bone mineral density and fracture, such as rowing. The purpose of this study was to examine skeletal health and bone injuries in collegiate female rowers. Forty-nine National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female rowers completed general health, menstrual history, and bone physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) surveys. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were used to assess bone content, density, and geometry. Contraceptive (OC users n = 14, non-OC users n = 35) and self-reported stress fracture (SFx n = 11, None n = 38) groups were analyzed using analysis of covariance and independent t-tests. Additionally, effect sizes (d) were calculated and significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Oral contraceptive users had reduced lumbar spine areal bone mineral density after adjustment for Total BPAQ (d = 0.58; p = 0.041) compared with non-OC users, but all other total body and site-specific DXA measures of bone mineral content and density were similar between contraceptive and injury groups. When comparing bone geometry of the 4, 38, and 66% tibiae using pQCT, no significant differences were found after adjustment for either contraceptive or injury group (all p > 0.060). Our findings suggest that OC usage was not associated with reduced skeletal health in competitive female rowers as evidenced by all Z-scores being above −2.0 and similar bone indices of mineralized content, density, geometry, and estimated strength between the groups.
Preexercise High-Fat Meal Following Carbohydrate Loading Attenuates Glycogen Utilization During Endurance Exercise in Male Recreational Runners
Authors: Iwayama Kaito , Tanabe Yoko , Yajima Katsuhiko , Tanji Fumiya , Onishi Takahiro , Takahashi Hideyuki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Iwayama, K, Tanabe, Y, Yajima, K, Tanji, F, Onishi, T, and Takahashi, H. Preexercise high-fat meal following carbohydrate loading attenuates glycogen utilization during endurance exercise in male recreational runners. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 661–668, 2023—This study aimed to investigate whether one preexercise high-fat meal can increase glycogen conservation during endurance exercise, as compared with one preexercise high-carbohydrate meal. Ten young male recreational runners (22.0 ± 0.6 years; 171.3 ± 0.9 cm; 58.3 ± 1.9 kg; maximal oxygen uptake [V̇o
2max], 62.0 ± 1.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) completed 2 exercise trials after high-carbohydrate loading: eating a high-carbohydrate (CHO; 7% protein, 13% fat, 80% carbohydrate) meal or eating a high-fat (FAT; 7% protein, 42% fat, 52% carbohydrate) meal 3.5 hours before exercise. The order of the 2 trials was randomized, and the interval between trials was at least 1 week. The experimental exercise consisted of running on a treadmill for 60 minutes at 95% of each subject's lactate threshold. Muscle and liver glycogen content were assessed using noninvasive carbon magnetic resonance spectroscopy before the experimental meal as well as before and after exercise; respiratory gases were measured continuously during exercise. The respiratory exchange ratio during exercise was statistically lower in the FAT trial than in the CHO trial (p < 0.01). In addition, muscle (p < 0.05) and liver (p < 0.05) glycogen utilization during exercise was less in the FAT trial than in the CHO trial. Therefore, one high-fat meal following carbohydrate loading reduced muscle and liver glycogen use during the 60-minute exercise. These results suggest that this dietary approach may be applied as a strategy to optimize energy utilization during endurance exercise.
Differentiating Stroke and Movement Accelerometer Profiles to Improve Prescription of Tennis Training Drills
Authors: Perri Thomas , Reid Machar , Murphy Alistair , Howle Kieran , Duffield Rob 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Perri, T, Reid, M, Murphy, A, Howle, K, and Duffield, R. Differentiating stroke and movement accelerometer profiles to improve prescription of tennis training drills. J Strength Cond Res 37(3): 646–651, 2023—This study compared the movement- and stroke-related accelerometer profiles and stroke counts between common on-court tennis training drills. Ten, junior-elite, male tennis players wore a cervical-mounted global positioning systems, with in-built accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer during hard court training sessions (n = 189). Individual training drills were classified into 8 categories based on previous research descriptions. Manufacturer software calculated total player load (tPL), while a prototype algorithm detected forehand (FH), backhands (BH), and serves and then calculated a stroke player load (sPL) from individual strokes. Movement player load (mPL) was calculated as the difference between tPL and sPL. Drill categories were compared for relative (.min−1) tPL, sPL, mPL, and stroke counts via a 1-way analysis of variance with effect sizes (Cohen's d) and 95% confidence intervals. Highest tPL.min−1 existed in accuracy and recovery or defensive drills (p < 0.05), with lowest tPL·min−1 values observed in match-play simulation (p < 0.05). For sPL·min−1, accuracy drills elicited greater values compared with all other drill types (p < 0.05), partly via greater FH-sPL·min−1 (p < 0.05), with lowest sPL·min−1 existing for match-play (p < 0.05). Accuracy, open, and recovery or defensive drills result in greater BH-sPL·min−1 and BH.min−1 (p < 0.05). Serve-sPL·min−1 is highest in technical and match-play drills (p < 0.05). Higher mPL·min−1 existed in accuracy, recovery or defensive, 2v1 net, open, and 2v1 baseline (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mPL·min−1 in points drills was greater than technical and match-play simulation drills (p < 0.05). Higher hitting-based accelerometer loads (sPL·min−1) exist in accuracy drills, whereas technical and match-play drills show the lowest movement demands (mPL·min−1). These findings can aid individual drill prescription for targeting movement or hitting load.