bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of a Newly-Produced Probiotic Mouthwash on The Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Resin-Based Restorative Materials and Enamel: An AFM Study
Authors: Karatas Ozcan , Delikan Ebru , Erturk-Avunduk Ayse Tugba 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The effects of probiotics on the surface roughness and microhardness of resin composite and tooth enamel are unclear. Accordingly, this study documents the effects of a probiotic mouthwash and kefir on the surface roughness and microhardness of different restorative materials and permanent and deciduous teeth enamels.
Methods
Thirty disc-shaped specimens were prepared from composite resin, compomer, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Enamel sections were prepared from 30 permanent and deciduous human teeth crowns. All specimens were then divided into three groups and kept in kefir, a new probiotic mouthwash, and distilled water for 14 days. The mean surface roughness values of all specimens were then evaluated with an atomic force microscope, while mean surface microhardness was evaluated using a Vickers hardness measuring device. The data were recorded and analyzed statistically.
Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the mean surface roughness of the groups treated with probiotic mouthwashes and the control groups (p > 0.05). However, the mean surface roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer cement was statistically significantly higher in all solution groups (p < 0.05). The probiotic mouthwashes significantly reduced the surface microhardness of the permanent and deciduous teeth (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Frequent consumption of probiotic mouthwashes may affect the surface roughness and microhardness of different restorative materials and teeth. The clinicians should consider the effect of consumption by patients of these mouthwashes.
Population confidence in federal entities’ governance to face the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and its associated factors: Evidence from the Social Thermometer Project – COVID-19
Authors: Moura Heriederson Sávio Dias , de Araújo Juliana Soares Tenório , Delpino Felipe Mendes , Soares Débora de Almeida , Ramos Antônio Carlos Vieira , Berra Thaís Zamboni , de Souza Rosa Maria Pinheiro , Pinto Liana Wernersbach , Fuentealba-Torres Miguel , de Freitas Giselle Lima , Fiorati Regina Célia , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Crispim Juliane de Almeida , Alves Yan Mathias , Alonso Jonas Bodini , Lapão Luís Velez , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The crisis brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic brought a great connection with the population's level of trust in the governance of federative entities, in the intention of feeling supported and protected, whether at an individual or collective level. Here, we aimed to investigate the level of confidence of the Brazilian population in the governance of federative entities to combat COVID-19 and its associated factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was developed, applied to the general Brazilian population, with a validated instrument, and a hybrid application online and in the field. Convenience sampling was used for recruitment using the snowball technique. Multinomial logistic regression was applied.
Results
The sample included 1,018 participants, with a mean age of 46.1 years, the majority being female (75.2%). Brazil has three levels of governance: the Federal, State, and Municipal Government. Residents in the Northeast and Central-West regions were more confident than those in the Southeast. The sources of information consulted by the participants were also associated with governance confidence.
Conclusions
The study advanced knowledge by showing that trust in governance capacity is socially determined and is crossed by forces that can lead to dissent, reducing the level of trust, especially in the Federal Government.
Hyperactive learning for data-driven interatomic potentials
Authors: Oord Cas van der , Sachs Matthias , Kovacs David , Ortner Christoph , Csanyi Gabor 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Data-driven interatomic potentials have emerged as a powerful class of surrogate models for ab initio potential energy surfaces that are able to reliably predict macroscopic properties with experimental accuracy. In generating accurate and transferable potentials the most time-consuming and arguably most important task is generating the training set, which still requires significant expert user input. To accelerate this process, this work presents hyperactive learning (HAL), a framework for formulating an accelerated sampling algorithm specifically for the task of training database generation. The key idea is to start from a physically motivated sampler (e.g., molecular dynamics) and add a biasing term that drives the system towards high uncertainty and thus to unseen training configurations. Building on this framework, general protocols for building training databases for alloys and polymers leveraging the HAL framework will be presented. For alloys, ACE potentials for AlSi10 are created by fitting to a minimal HAL-generated database containing 88 configurations (32 atoms each) with fast evaluation times of <100 μs/atom/cpu-core. These potentials are demonstrated to predict the melting temperature with excellent accuracy. For polymers, a HAL database is built using ACE, able to determine the density of a long polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer formed of 200 monomer units with experimental accuracy by only fitting to small isolated PEG polymers with sizes ranging from 2 to 32.
Time to intubation, ventilatory mechanics and outcome in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: A single-centre study.
Authors: Aretha Diamanto , Kefala Sotiria , Nikolopoulou Alexandra , Karamouzos Vasilios , Valta Maria , Mplani Virginia , Georgakopoulou Alexandra , Papamichail Chrysavgi , Sklavou Christina , Fligou Fotini 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: We investigated the impact of time to intubation and the ventilatory mechanics on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study. Time to intubation was defined based on the patient’s hospital admission as early (≤2 days) or late (>2 days). In a secondary analysis, patients were further divided into three groups: intubated early (≤3 days), late (4-6 days), and very late (>6 days).
Results: We included 194 consecutively intubated patients; 66.5% were male, and the median age was 65 years old. From them, 58 (29.9%) were intubated early and 136 (70.1%) late. Compared to patients intubated late, patients intubated early had lower mortality (44.8% vs 72%, p < 0.001), were younger (60 vs 67, p = 0.002), had lower sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores (6 vs 8, p=0.002) and higher lung compliance on admission days 1, 6 and 12 (42 vs 36, p = 0.006; 40 vs 33, p < 0.001; and 37.5 vs 32, p < 0.001, respectively). Older age (aOR = 1.15, p < 0.001), time to intubation (aOR = 1.15, p = 0.004), high SOFA scores (aOR = 1.81, p < 0.001), a lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio (aOR = 0.96, p = 0.001), low lung compliance on admission Day 1 and 12 (aOR = 1.12, p = 0.012 and aOR = 1.14, p < 0.001, respectively), and a high white blood cell (WBC) number at admission (aOR = 1, p = 0.001) were associated with higher mortality. In the secondary analysis, very late and late intubated patients had higher mortality rates than patients intubated early (78.4% vs 63.4% vs 44.6%, respectively, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Among COVID-19 intubated patients, age, late intubation, high SOFA scores, high WBC, low PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and low lung compliance are associated with higher ICU mortality.
Prediction of the Reactivation of Retinopathy of Prematurity After Anti-VEGF Treatment Using Machine Learning in Small Numbers
Authors: Wu Rong , Chen Wentao , Bai Yichen , Li Jiali , Huang Chunling , Liang Wenzhao , Feng Songfu , Lu Xiaohe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aim
To create and validate a prediction model for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) reactivation after anti-VEGF therapy with clinical risk factors and retinal images.
Methods
Infants with TR-ROP undergoing anti-VEGF treatment were recruited from two hospitals, and three models were constructed using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The areas under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPC) were used to show the performances of the prediction models.
Results
Finally, we included 87 cases, including 21 with recurrent and 66 nonrecurrent cases. The AUC for the clinical risk factor model was 0.80 and 0.77 in the internal and external validation groups, respectively. The average AUC, sensitivity, and specificity in the internal validation for the retinal image model were 0.82, 0.93, and 0.63, respectively. The SPC, AUC, and SEN for the combined model were 0.73, 0.84, and 0.93, separately.
Conclusion
We constructed a prediction model for the reactivation of ROP. Using this prediction model, we can optimize strategies for treating TR-TOP infants and developing screening plans after treatment.
Catastrophic health expenditure and its inequality in rural China: based on longitudinal data from 2013 to 2018
Authors: ZHang Weile , Su Min , Li Dongxu , ZHang Tianjiao , Li Wenhui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is an important indicator for measuring health inequality. Previous studies mainly focused on whole populations rather than specific vulnerable groups through the regional survey or cross-sectional data. China’s rural area is often associated with an underdeveloped economy and insufficient health resources. This study aims to update the information on the extent and trends in incidence and inequality of CHE among the households of rural China through longitudinal survey data.
Methods：Data were obtained from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS): 2013, 2015, and 2018. CHE was defined as the proportion of household health expenditures to the non-food expenditure more than 40% threshold. The inequality of CHE was measured by the concentration index. Decomposition methods were used to decompose the concentration index into its determining components.
Results：The incidence of CHE was 23.41% (95% CI: 0.22, 0.25) in 2013, 21.36% (95% CI: 0.20, 0.23) in 2015 and 28.97% (95% CI: 0.27, 0.31) in 2018 in rural households. The concentration index was negative: -0.1528 (95% CI: -0.1941, -0.1115) in 2013, -0.1010 (95% CI: -0.1442, -0. 0577) in 2015 and -0.0819 (95% CI: -0.1170, -0.0467) in 2018. Economic status, age, and chronic disease were the main contributors to the inequality of CHE.
Conclusions：The incidence of CHE in rural households of China displayed an upward trend. Furthermore, there existed a strong pro-poor inequality of CHE in rural China. Economic status, age, and chronic diseasewere the main contributors to the pro-poor inequality. Health policies to allocate resources and services are needed to satisfy the needs of rural households and provide more accessible and affordable health services. More concerns need to be directed toward households with chronic diseases and households with the elderly. Meanwhile, policymakers need to pay more attention to relieving the incidence of CHE and promoting health equality.
Silymarin and Potassium Bromate in EAC-bearing Mice: histopathological and Immunohistological study
Authors: Elhadad Mona A. , Mahfouz Prof. Dr. Magdy E. , Ghanem Prof. Dr. Nora F. , Moussa Prof. Dr. Eman A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Reactive oxygen species induce pathology by damaging lipids, proteins, and DNA. Elevated reactive oxygen species levels, accompanied with down-regulation of cellular antioxidant enzyme systems, result in malignant transformation. Potassium bromate is a chemical oxidizing agent that is a famous flour improver. It can attack cellular constituents through reactive oxygen species and destroy the cellular structures so it may lead to cancer as a result of administration of it for a long time. Plant polyphenols such as silymarin reported to be a safe nontoxic agent to treat several diseases such as cancer. The anticancer mechanism of action of silymarin has been attributed to its antioxidant activity, antiproliferation, and cell cycle arrest, as it causes apoptosis in cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the effect of silymarin, and administration of potassium bromate on mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies were applied on the liver, kidney, and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Silymarin was found to destroy tumors and improve the histological changes induced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in liver and kidney of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Potassium bromate showed an improvement in the histological changes induced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in liver and kidney of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice and caused mitochondrial degeneration and nuclear distortion in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells but showed no effect on non Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. The present study revealed that silymarin and potassium bromate could be very promising anticancer agents.
Nlrc3 signaling is indispensable for hematopoietic stem cell
emergence via Notch signaling in vertebrates
Authors: shuyang cai , Huang He 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) generate all of the lineages of blood cells throughout the lifespan of vertebrates. The emergence of HSPCs occurs through the hemogenic endothelial (HE) to hematopoietic transition (EHT) process, which is finely-tuned by a variety of signaling pathways. Previous studies have emerged the essential roles of pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors and RIG-I-like receptors in EHT. However, whether the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) containing family members participate in vertebrate embryonic hematopoiesis remains unclear. In this study, we determined that Nlrc3 was highly expressed in HSPCs differentiated from HE of vertebrates’ embryonic development in vivo and mouse embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. We then utilized morpholino and CRISPR-Cas9 technology to find that nlrc3 was required in definitive hematopoiesis and in primitive hematopoietic differentiation to neutrophils and macrophages in zebrafish embryos. Mechanistically, nlrc3 activated the Notch pathway and the downstream gene of Notch hey1 in the production of HSPCs. Furthermore, NF-kB signaling acted upstream of nlrc3 to enhance its transcriptional activity. Finally, we found that Nlrc3 signaling was conserved in the regulation of murine hematopoiesis. Taken together, our findings uncover an indispensable role of Nlrc3 signaling in HSPC emergence and provide new insights into inflammation-related hematopoietic ontogeny and the in vitro expansion of HSPCs.
Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from lemon pulp for Oxytetracycline removal
Authors: SOLMAZ Alper , KARTA Mesut , DEPCİ Tolga , TURNA Talip , SARI Zeynel Abidin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

This study aims to remove oxytetracycline (OTC), that harms the ecosystem, with activated carbon (LPAC) obtained from Lemon Pulp (LP). Characterization and properties of LPAC were analyzed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Point of Zero Charge (pHPZC) analyses. BET surface area, pore volume and pHPZC of LPAC produced by carbonization at 400 0C and activation with KOH at 800 0C were obtained as 1333.01 m2/g, 0.391 cm3/g and 6.81, respectively. pH, reaction time, initial OTC concentration and adsorbent amounts were optimized in the adsorption study performed with LPAC with high porosity and micropores. Kinetic evaluation was made with Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order and Intra-Particle Diffusion Models and Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin equations are used to investigate their isotherms under reaction equilibrium conditions and also the results were analyzed by statistical method (ANOVA). In Pseudo Second Order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm models, where the best results were obtained, R2 values were calculated as 0.9988 and 0.9953, respectively. Maximum OTC removal efficiency was found as 104.222 mg/g. Overall, this research indicates that LPAC for the treatment of water contaminated with antibiotics is environmentally friendly green material.
Germline mutations of p53 tumor gene linked to Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) are associated with an increased risk of cancer
Authors: Abduljaleel Zainularifeen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs) are rare pediatric tumors often associated with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS). In LFS, TP53 mutations are involved. A germline mutation in the TP53 gene has been found in about three-quarters of families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and one-quarter of families with Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome. LFS is a complex predisposition to inherited cancer associated with early cancer in different tissues. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are also more likely to carry TP53 mutations. It has been reported that TP53: 799C>T, p. (Arg267Trp) has been identified as a rare missense mutation in a Saudi family by Musa AlHarbi, 2018. This mutation we further identified to confirm the structural and functional significance. Germline TP53 mutations are identified in 75 % of patients associated with classic LFS. The lifetime likelihood of a TP53 mutation carrier developing cancer approaches 75 % in males and almost 100 % in females. Overall, 75 % of families with classic LFS have significant clinical variants in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 that might disrupt protein function and stability determined by different algorithms. The results of this mutation cytogenetic location on 17p13.1: NM_000546.6 (TP53): c. 799C>T, p. (Arg267Trp) structurally affect H- bond formation. The wild type residue forms a salt bridge with glutamic acid at position 258. The difference in charge will disturb the ionic interaction made by the wild type residue Arg267. This mutation was located within a stretch of residues annotated in UniProt as a unique region interaction with Cell Cycle And Apoptosis Regulator 2 (CCAR2). Also, amino acid properties can disturb this region and function. It might be possible that the mutation disturbs this interaction and thereby affects the regulation of catalytic enzyme activity. Moreover, the results reported herein strengthen the intermolecular interactions in TP53 activity and provide useful information for the design of appropriate of any mutants.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Influence of Zigzag Crests with Various Geometries on the Flow Field and Scour Downstream of Rectangular Piano Key Weirs
Authors: Chooplou Chonoor Abdi , Ghodsian Masoud , Abediakbar Davoud , Ghafouri Aram 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this research, the flow and scour patterns downstream of a rectangular Piano Key Weir (PKW) were studied experimentally and simulated by using the Flow-3D numerical model and with RNG turbulence model. It was found that the Flow-3D model simulates the scour downstream of a PKW with acceptable accuracy. Variations of the bed topographical downstream of type-A PKWs with different crest shape (i.e. standard crest and with zigzag indentations in various geometries, including: triangulate, half circular, sinusoidal, rectangular and fort crest) were investigated. The results demonstrate that the zigzag indentations of the lateral crest walls substantially influenced the geometrical characteristics of the scour hole including: scour depth at the weir toe, maximum scour depth, scour hole area and scour hole volume. The lowest value of maximum scour depth was occurred downstream of the PKW with the triangulation indentations, in this case a decrease of 10.5 and 17% in the longitudinal and vertical components of flow velocities, at the weir crest level and below the crest level, led to a reduction of 38% in the local scour, respectively. The higher energy of flow in the weir with the rectangular indentations caused the maximum scour depth location to occur at a farther distance from the weir toe. Also, the lowest upstream and downstream slopes of the scour hole were observed in the two weir models with rectangular and fort crest shapes.
A Machine Learning Framework for Automatic Fake News Detection in Indian News
Authors: Sudhakar M. , Kaliyamurthie K. P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This research article proposes machine learning algorithms and systems to detect fake news in Indian online information and sources. With the development of technology and social media, many people started using the Internet. Today, everyone is creating and sharing content on social media. Before they transfer it to others, no one checks the originality of the content; it is complicated to manually identify the news content as fake or real. Due to this challenge, many people are started sharing fake news purposely to destroy the community, and some political and business purposes are spreading quickly. News channels and online newspapers have challenges in identifying trustworthy news sources. In this research paper, we collected various news articles from Indian news. We used a classical model of machine learning algorithms (Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine), Deep Learning (Convolutional Neural Network and BERT) model for testing training purposes. The proposed approach has 35,550 trustworthy news and 15,450 fake news. The Convolutional Neural Network is provided better accuracy. The accuracy rate is 99.7%.
Using benford’s law and RMSE to predict financial fraud using firm-reported data
Authors: Kaushik Rakshit 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Data growth is exploding in the era of big data. To maximise the value of data, data quality management has become crucial. Establishing a strategy for identifying the quality of scientific data is crucial and essential. Benford’s law has evolved into an effective tool for assessing data quality and spotting anomalous data across multiple sectors. Benford’s law is a digital analytic method that determines the probabilistic distribution of digits for numerous common phenomena. The fraud detection method uses deviations from the expected Benford’s Law distributions as strong signs of fraudulent behaviour. The Wire card fraud, which resulted in losses of several billion euros, is regarded as one of the most notable financial scandals of the decade. This paper examines the digit structure of Wire card’s financial figures from 2005 to 2019, financial figures of the Bank of England, financial figures of the SEC’s Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAERs), financial figures of publicly traded U.S. firms, sample financial data, and test data by analysing their conformity with the expected frequency distributions based on Benford’s law. The results indicate that small accounting fraud in large datasets cannot be identified using the Benford analysis of the first digits alone. This work still demonstrates how Benford’s law can be applied to small datasets with a high fraud count in accounting and auditing, hence introducing data analytic approaches for fraud detection. The future evolution of Benford’s Law necessitates that academics from many disciplines conduct additional research on its foundation, strengthen its integration with other data processing technologies, and then broaden its application.