bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nest microclimate and heat stress in African Penguins Spheniscus demersus breeding on Bird Island, South Africa
Authors: Welman Shaun , Pichegru Lorien 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Low-latitude penguins naturally breed in burrows dug in guano. This affords them a buffered environment that remains cool and humid, reducing the risk of hyperthermia while on land. As a conservation strategy, several versions of artificial housing units have been trialled at various breeding sites of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) around South Africa, where former guano exploitation forced many penguins to breed in exposed surface nests. While some units yielded a positive effect on breeding success by providing protection against predation, none of them have effectively mitigated the risk of heat stress in penguins or their eggs. Here, we investigated the microclimate of a recent double-layered design of ceramic artificial nests and compared that to natural burrows, exposed surface nests, and commonly used cement pipe nests, in austral summer 2021 on Bird Island, South Africa. We also recorded penguin behaviour during the hottest period at each of these nest types using remote camera traps to determine the onset of heat stress (panting). Double-layered ceramic nests out-performed all other nest types, including natural burrows, by remaining cooler throughout the day, with temperatures never exceeding 36.7°C. By contrast, all other nest types had multiple episodes where temperatures exceeded 40°C. Double-layered ceramic nests also maintained constant levels of high humidity (relative humidity [RH] >70%) throughout our study, whereas low humidity levels were observed in surface nests (RH ≈ 60%) and cement nests (RH <50%) during midday heat. We observed penguins panting at temperatures of 25°C in nest boxes, and at 22°C in exposed surface nests. This suggests that heat stress in African Penguins may occur much sooner than anticipated and that they are particularly vulnerable to hyperthermia as climate change-related global warming progresses. Fortunately, we are encouraged by the capacity of double-layered ceramic nest boxes to buffer environmental extremes and maintain suitable breeding conditions.
Going to the cinema: princely urbanism in Hyderabad and Secunderabad
Authors: Krishna C. Yamini 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe experience of the urban in nineteenth-century Hyderabad was interwoven with the experience of modern technologies like film. Cinema participated in constituting a modern public; practices of film viewing were practices of enacting the modern. Through a study of conflicts in the space of cinema, this article examines the politics of constituting and controlling the urban in the princely city of Hyderabad and the cantonment town of Secunderabad. It suggests that the princely modern adapted new technologies but was rooted in patrimonial traditions. The article also argues that the cantonment had a dependency relationship with the princely city, and urban space as constituted through cinema was the site of power negotiations between the princely ruler and the British.
Milrinone for treatment of elevated lactate in the pre-operative newborn with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Beshish Asaad G. , Aljiffry Alaa , Aronoff Elizabeth , Chauhan Dhaval , Zinyandu Tawanda , Basu Mohua , Shashidharan Subhadra , Maher Kevin O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground:There is a paucity of information reported regarding the use of milrinone in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome prior to the Norwood procedure. At our institution, milrinone is initiated in the pre-operative setting when over-circulation and elevated serum lactate levels develop. We aimed to review the responses associated with the administration of milrinone in the pre-operative hypoplastic left heart syndrome patient. Second, we compared patients who received high- versus low-dose milrinone prior to Norwood procedure.Methods:Single-centre retrospective study of patients diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome between January 2000 and December 2019 who underwent Norwood procedure. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared.Results:During the study period, 375 patients were identified; 79 (21%) received milrinone prior to the Norwood procedure with median lactate 2.55 mmol/l, and SpO2 93%. Patients who received milrinone were older at the time of Norwood procedure (6 vs. 5 days) and were more likely to be intubated and sedated. In a subset analysis stratifying patients to low- versus high-dose milrinone, median lactate decreased from time of initiation (2.39 vs 2.75 to 1.6 vs 1.8 mmol/l) at 12 hours post-initiation, respectively. Repeated measures analysis showed a significant decrease in lactate levels by 4 hours following initiation of milrinone, that persisted over time, with no significant difference in mean arterial pressure.Conclusions:The use of milrinone in the pre-operative over-circulated hypoplastic left heart syndrome patient is well tolerated, is associated with decreased lactate levels, and was not associated with significant hypotension or worsening of excess pulmonary blood flow.
Health Care Management during a Major Planned Event in Italy
Authors: Melegari Gabriele , Giuliani Enrico , Fornaciari Davide , Cremonini Claudia , Di Pietro Giulia , Barbieri Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvents involving a high number of participants should be planned and implemented with the primary objective of guaranteeing the highest possible level of safety, which is ever more essential in the recent years due to the risk of terrorism, violence, and highly transmissible pathogens like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).The aim of this study was describing health care management of the Vasco Modena Park July 1, 2017 concert by the artist Vasco Rossi that involved 220,000 participants, more than doubling the population of Modena (Italy), the city hosting the event.Data were retrospectively collected from all health care registers used during the concert. Descriptive data regarding the event were recorded, as well as the medical records generated by the advanced medical posts.For analysis, patients were divided into two groups: the LOW-Severity (admission code green) and HIGH-Severity (admission codes yellow and red). The number of patients within the inclusion period was 1,088; there were 953 green discharge codes (97.74%), 16 yellow (1.64%), and six red (0.61%). Patients who needed a second-level assessment were 5.85% (57 events). HIGH-Severity patients needed to be further evaluated in 45.45% of the cases versus 4.93% of the LOW-Severity patient group (P value <.001).The health care management proved adequate to the number of participants and the severity of patients. Descriptive data reported add the mass-gathering database useful for further events.
Toward a Narrow Cosmopolitanism: Kant’s Anthropology, Racialized Character and the Construction of Europe
Authors: Valdez Inés 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article explores the distinctions among European peoples’ character established in Kant’s anthropology and their connection with his politics. These aspects are neglected relative to the analysis of race between Europeans and non-Europeans, but Kant’s anthropological works portray the people of Mediterranean Europe as not capable of civilization because of the dominance of passion in their faculty of desire, which he ties to ‘Oriental’ influences in blood or government. Kant then superimposes this racialized anthropology over the historical geopolitics of Europe, obscuring the indebtedness of Northern European trade dominance to Mediterranean historical tactics and financial wealth. By relegating the Mediterranean to the margins and dismissing contentious commercial exchange in the region as mere violence spearheaded by North African corsairs, Kant gives us an elitist cosmopolitanism unable to cope with hierarchy and inequality, diminishing its potential for egalitarian global projects today.
Acceptability of a Serious Illness Conversation Guide to Black Americans: Results from a focus group and oncology pilot study
Authors: Sanders Justin J. , Durieux Brigitte N. , Cannady Kimberly , Johnson Kimberly S. , Ford Dee W. , Block Susan D. , Paladino Joanna , Sterba Katherine R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesSerious illness conversations (SICs) can improve the experience and well-being of patients with advanced cancer. A structured Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG) has been shown to improve oncology patient outcomes but was developed and tested in a predominantly White population. To help address disparities in advanced cancer care, we aimed to assess the acceptability of the SICG among African Americans with advanced cancer and their clinicians.MethodsA two-phase study conducted in Charleston, SC, included focus groups to gather perspectives on the SICG in Black Americans and a single-arm pilot study of a revised SICG with surveys and qualitative exit interviews to evaluate patient and clinician perspectives. We used descriptive analysis of survey results and thematic analysis of qualitative data.ResultsCommunity-based and patient focus group participants (N = 20) reported that a simulated conversation using an adapted SICG built connection, promoted control, and fostered consideration of religious faith and family. Black patients with advanced cancer (N = 23) reported that SICG-guided conversations were acceptable, helpful, and promoted conversations with loved ones. Oncologists found conversations feasible to implement and skill-building, and also identified opportunities for training and implementation that could support meeting the needs of their patients with low health literacy. An adapted SICG includes language to assess the strength and affirm the clinician–patient relationship.Significance of resultsAn adapted structured communication tool to facilitate SIC, the SICG, appears acceptable to Black Americans with advanced cancer and seems feasible for use by oncology clinicians working with this population. Further testing in other marginalized populations may address disparities in advanced cancer care.
Oral histories of three pioneers in organic agriculture research
Authors: Figueroa Shayne Leslie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article offers a window onto the experience of three researchers who influenced the direction of organic agriculture research from the 1980s through today. Kathleen Delate, Catherine Greene and Deborah Stinner have all contributed important work in the field, from organizing and executing research projects to analyzing the collecting hard data that provided insight into the numerous environmental and economic benefits of organic agriculture. Their stories share many similar biographical markers, from the importance of food and nature in childhood memories to trailblazing projects in the early 2000s.
Saving children's lives through interventions: a quasi-experimental analysis of GAVI
Authors: Maruta Admasu Asfaw , Afoakwah Clifford 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the impact of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) on children's health outcomes in developing countries. Using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find that GAVI has reduced neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates. The impact of GAVI on children's health outcomes is larger in countries with lower per capita income. Our findings underscore the relevance of health interventions in improving children's health outcomes in developing economies.
Divine attribution? The interaction of religious and secular beliefs on climate change attitudes
Authors: Djupe Paul A. , Burge Ryan P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAfter five decades of research, there is still little consensus about the relation of religious variables to environmental attitudes. Even putting aside variations in sampling and measurement, we still have doubts about where modest consensus exists—the role of religious beliefs. Religious beliefs, such as mastery over nature, are more unstable than previously considered. Moreover, more importantly, these studies have generally failed to consider the role of secular beliefs about environmental problems and the interaction they may have with religion. Using data from a 2012 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) survey, we find religious variables have effects conditional on secular beliefs. Moreover, we draw upon an embedded experiment that shows instability in religious dominionism—the dominant religious effect in previous work. The results suggest previous reports of religious effects are not wrong, but overstated, and eliding secular beliefs is a serious sin of omission.
Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling Between North‐South Propagating Streamers and High‐Speed Earthward Flows
Authors: Weygand J. M. , Bortnik J. , Chu X. , Cao X. , Li J. , Aryan H. , Tian S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling between the high‐speed earthward flows and the north‐south oriented streamers in the ionosphere has been discussed for decades, but to date, no one has examined the formation of that coupling from the start of the streamer to the end. We investigate the formation and development of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling using THEMIS observations of high‐speed earthward flows within the magnetotail, simultaneous auroral all‐sky images, and ionospheric equivalent current maps derived from ground magnetometer measurements. We show the formation of a downward field‐aligned current on the dawnside of the north‐south streamer and the upward current on the duskside, as well as the vortices within the equivalent currents around the field‐align‐like currents from the poleward boundary to the equatorward edge of the auroral oval for two substorm streamer events. By removing the background Birkeland current system, we can determine the current densities uniquely associated with the streamer current wedge and demonstrate that the downward and upward currents within the streamer are approximately balanced for one event. Furthermore, we find that the longitudinal size of the streamer current wedge is more transient and localized, and does not change, whereas the substorm current wedge is larger and expands during the first part of the substorm.
Investigating Eddies From Coincident Seismic and Hydrographic Measurements in the Chukchi Borderlands, the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhang Kun , Song Haibin , Coakley Bernard , Yang Shun , Fan Wenhao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHalocline eddies transport mass and energy across the Arctic Ocean. Seismic oceanography uses multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data to create high resolution images of the water column, revealing oceanic fine structures. In this paper, we present water column images processed from MCS data acquired during cruise MGL1112 on the Chukchi Borderlands in the western Arctic Ocean. Combined with along‐track images of current velocities measured during MCS acquisition by a hull‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers, a total of 23 mesoscale eddies were detected, of which 19 are anticyclonic, and 4 are cyclonic. They correspond to the lentoid and mounded reflections on the seismic images, respectively. These shallow eddies are constrained by the halocline and occur in regions with rugged seafloor. The geometric parameters of these eddies were estimated from the underway data collected during MGL1112. These parameters could be valuable for modeling 3D eddy structures and validating high‐resolution climate projection models. Expendable Bathythermography (XBT) profiles of water temperature and sound speed versus depth were collected during this ruise. Three of the 24 XBT stations sampled eddies opportunely, we found one was warm‐core and two were cold‐core anticyclonic eddies combined with historical conductivity‐temperature‐depth data. The cores of these eddies might be made up of Pacific water. We synthesized the MCS records with coincident and historical hydrographic data which permitted distinctions between the seismic responses of the eddies. Distinctive reflection structures are observed around the eddy core (e.g., chaotic, imbricate, layered, and listric reflections), which could constrain stirring and mixing process of the eddies. These results are useful for better understanding the structure and evolution of the eddies on the Chukchi Borderlands and better understanding regional mass and energy transport processes in the western Arctic Ocean.
Peripheral level of CD33 and Alzheimer’s disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gu Xiaojing , Dou Meng , Cao Bei , Jiang Zheng , Chen Yongping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIncreased expression of CD33 in the brain has been suggested to be associated with increased amyloid plaque burden, while the peripheral level of CD33 in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and its role in AD remain unclear. The current study aimed to systematically explore the bidirectional relationship between peripheral CD33 and AD. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets of AD (Ncases: 21982; Ncontrols: 41944), blood CD33 mRNA level, the plasma CD33 protein level, and CD33 expression on immune-cell subtypes were obtained from GWASs conducted in the European population. Eligible IVs were extracted from the GWASs. MR estimates were calculated by inverse-variance weighting (IVW) and other sensitivity analyses. The main statistical analyses were conducted using TwoSampleMR (v.0.5.5) in R package (V.4.1.2).In the forward MR analysis (CD33 as exposure and AD as outcome), the IVW results indicated that elevated blood CD33 mRNA level (OR [95% CI] = 1.156[1.080, 1.238], p = 3.25e-05), elevated serum CD33 protein level (OR [95% CI] = 1.08 [1.031, 1.139], p = 1.6e-03) and increased CD33's expression on immune cell subtypes (p < 0.05) were all leading to a higher risk of AD. And sensitivity analyses supported these findings. While the reverse MR analysis (AD as exposure and CD33 as outcome) indicated that AD was not leading to the elevation of CD33's protein level in the blood (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our results indicated that elevated peripheral expression of CD33 was causal to the development of AD. Future studies are needed to work on developing CD33 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in AD.
Multidimensional analysis of behavior predicts genotype with high accuracy in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome
Authors: Tanas Joseph K. , Kerr Devante D. , Wang Li , Rai Anika , Wallaard Ilse , Elgersma Ype , Sidorov Michael S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss of expression of the maternal copy of the UBE3A gene. Individuals with AS have a multifaceted behavioral phenotype consisting of deficits in motor function, epilepsy, cognitive impairment, sleep abnormalities, as well as other comorbidities. Effectively modeling this behavioral profile and measuring behavioral improvement will be crucial for the success of ongoing and future clinical trials. Foundational studies have defined an array of behavioral phenotypes in the AS mouse model. However, no single behavioral test is able to fully capture the complex nature of AS—in mice, or in children. We performed multidimensional analysis (principal component analysis + k-means clustering) to quantify the performance of AS model mice (n = 148) and wild-type littermates (n = 138) across eight behavioral domains. This approach correctly predicted the genotype of mice based on their behavioral profile with ~95% accuracy, and remained effective with reasonable sample sizes (n = ~12–15). Multidimensional analysis was effective using different combinations of behavioral inputs and was able to detect behavioral improvement as a function of treatment in AS model mice. Overall, multidimensional behavioral analysis provides a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of preclinical treatments for AS. Multidimensional analysis of behavior may also be applied to rodent models of related neurodevelopmental disorders, and may be particularly valuable for disorders where individual behavioral tests are less reliable than in AS.
Exosomal miR-328 originated from pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells enhances osteoclastogenesis via downregulating Nrp-2 expression
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Qin Jingru , Yang Lu , Zhu Zhiyao , Yang Jia , Su Wan , Deng Haibin , Wang Zhongqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOsseous metastases of pulmonary carcinoma and the detailed mechanisms remain unclear, and the effects of exosomes (Exos) originated from pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells in this process have received a lot of attentions. Our study revealed that the Exos secreted from A549 cells (A549-Exos) enhanced osteoclastogenesis and osseous resorption in vitro. In addition, A549-Exos showed a targeted effect on bones to enhance osseous resorption in vivo. A549-exosomal miR-328 enhanced osseous resorption via downregulating neuropilin 2 (Nrp-2) expression, and A549-Exos miR-328 inhibitors suppressed osseous resorption in vivo. Therefore, A549-exosomal miR-328 enhances osteoclastogenesis via downregulating Nrp-2 expression, thus A549-Exos miR-328 inhibitors can be used as a potential nanodrug for treating osseous metastases.
Sexual activities and experiences in women who underwent genital cosmetic surgery: a cross-sectional study using data from the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD)
Authors: Koops Thula U. , Wiessner Christian , Briken Peer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare women who have undergone genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) with women who have not regarding past sexual activities and experiences. It draws on data from the German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD). The subsample of women who had undergone FGCS (n = 32) was compared to a subsample of women who had not had FGCS (n = 96); the samples were matched for age, education, relationship and marital status, and whether participants had born a child. Variables concerning the present relationship, recent/lifetime sexual activities, sexual orientation, pregnancy-related experiences, health, sexual boundary violations/violence, sexual difficulties, and migration background served as main outcome measures. Women who had undergone FGCS reported more often anal intercourse during their last sexual encounter (13% vs. 1%, p = 0.021), a pregnancy ending in miscarriage (34% vs. 16%, p = 0.016), and not to be satisfied with their own appearance (41% vs. 15%, p = 0.002) than women who had not undergone FGCS. The results indicate women’s motivations for FGCS beyond the desire to improve genital appearance or function, and that contributing factors might be clinically relevant regarding more general psychological wellbeing.