bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioefficacy of Newer Molecules Insecticides against Tea Mosquito Bug, Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse under Laboratory Condition
Authors: Ranjithkumar R. , Kalaynasundaram M. , Kannan M. , Kennedy J. S. , Chinnamuthu C. R. , Paramaguru P. 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Bio-efficacy of newer insecticides against the Tea mosquito bug (TMB) in Tea.
Study Design: CRD
Place and Duration of Study: R&D center, Parry Agro Industries Limited, Murugali Tea Estate, Valparai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu between September 2019 and September 2021.
Methodology: Field populations of H. theivora were collected and Bouquet bioassay method was used to assess the efficacy. Eleven insecticides with three replications (15 shoots/ replication) and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was followed. The treatments includes viz.,T1- Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml/lit., T2- Spirotetramate +Imidacoprid 11.01 SC @ 2ml/litre., T3 - Thiacloprid 21.7 SC @ 1ml/lit., T4 - Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.5gm/lit., T5- Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.5ml/lit., T6- Dinotefuran 20 SG @ 0.5g/lit., T7- Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.5g/lit., T8- Buprofezin 25 SC @ 3ml/lit., T9- Sulfaxaflor 21.8 SC @ 1.8ml/lit., T10- Tolfenpyrad 15% EC @ 2ml/lit., and T11- Control (Water). The shoots were sprayed with hand atomizer and observations on the % adult mortality and Feeding puncture/ shoots were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Moribund insects were consider as dead and taken for the count and data were analyzed statistically.
Results: Among all the treatments tested, tolfenpyrad 15% EC after 72 HAT treated tea shoots having less no of feeding punctures (85.33 Nos) and maximum 100 percent adult mortality followed by dinotefuran 20 SG (100.00%), sulfaxaflor 21.8 SC (93.33%), emamectin benzoate 5 SG (90.00%), thiacloprid 21.7 SC (88.33%), spirotetramate + imidacoprid 11.01 SC (81.67%), buprofezin 25 SC (75.00%), thiamethoxam 25 WG (71.67%), chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC(68.33%), spinosad 45 SC (61.67 %). The feeding punctures were maximum in untreated control (167.22 Nos).
Conclusion: The present study revealed the application of Tolfenpyrad 15% EC @ 2ml/lit. is the optimum dose for the effective control of Helopeltis theivora under laboratory conditions.
Performance of a Solar Water Flat Plate Collector Made from Locally Available Materials
Authors: Jaafar Muhammad 
Published: February 2022

A solar water heater is one of the ways through which sunlight energy can be harnessed for domestic use. The performance of a typical solar water heater made from locally available materials was determined and in the process a solar water heater is designed, construct and tested on the university of Maiduguri campus. The sunlight energy is absorbed by the collector made up of an aluminum absorber plate enclosed within a transparent cover to prevent the emitted radiation from escaping (greenhouse effects). The absorber is made with fluid carrying tubes to absorb heat and increases the temperature of the water in the tank through theromsyphon principle. Maximum fluid output temperature and the collector temperature of 59 and 70 respectively were obtained on a sunny day. This solar water heater find useful application as a source of hot water for cooking, washing and laundry, and acts as a renewable energy resources in regions where there is abundant sunlight.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children- A Case Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kshirsagar V. Y. , Kakkar Nagza 
Published: February 2022

Background: A multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is associated with coronavirus disease 2019. Understanding the epidemiology and clinical course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and its association with Covid-19 is important, given the clinical and public health implications of the syndrome.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Krishna Institute Of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India, over a period of 12 months. Thirty three children, between the ages of 1 month-14 years were studied.
Results: Out of the 67 patients admitted to our paediatrics ward during this period with suspected MISC, 33 patients were confirmed to have MIS-C on laboratory investigations. Involvement of a minimum of two systems was noted. The main clinical manifestations were gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting and diarrhoea) and dermatological (rash). Fever was present in all 33 cases. The laboratory investigations were indicative of a pro inflammatory state seen in MIS-C. Positive findings on echocardiography were found in majority of cases.
Conclusion: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 has become serious public health problem in the paediatric population, with haemodynamic instability and cardiac dysfunction being the main signs, and rapid resolution with anti-inflammatory therapy.
Soft Actuators Made of Discrete Grains
Authors: Eristoff Sophia , Kim Sang Yup , Sanchez‐Botero Lina , Buckner Trevor , Yirmibeşoğlu Osman Doğan , Kramer‐Bottiglio Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent work has demonstrated the potential of actuators consisting of bulk elastomers with phase‐changing inclusions for generating high forces and large volumetric expansions. Simultaneously, granular assemblies have been shown to enable tunable properties via different packings, dynamic moduli via jamming, and compatibility with various printing methods via suspension in carrier fluids. Herein, granular actuators are introduced, which represent a new class of soft actuators made of discrete grains. The soft grains consist of a hyperelastic shell and multiple solvent cores. Upon heating, the encapsulated solvent cores undergo liquid‐to‐gas phase change, inducing rapid and strong volumetric expansion of the hyperelastic shell up to 700%. The grains can be used independently for micro‐actuation, or in granular agglomerates for meso‐ and macroscale actuation, demonstrating the scalability of the granular actuators. Furthermore, the active grains can be suspended in a carrier resin or solvent to enable printable soft actuators via established granular material processing techniques. By combining the advantages of phase‐change soft actuation and granularity, this work presents the opportunity to realize soft actuators with tunable bulk properties, compatibility with self‐assembly techniques, and on‐demand reconfigurability.
The Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Microchip with Controllable Wettability and SERS Activity based on Surface Roughness for Trace Organic Compounds Determination
Authors: Chen Huan , Song Chenchen , Peng Zifang , Mao Jian , Zhang Yanhao , Chen Sheng , Zhang Wenfen , Zhang Shusheng , Zhao Wuduo , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInspired by the fog collection structure on the back of the desert beetle, the hydrophobic photonic crystal microchip (HPCM) with dual functions of hydrophobic enrichment and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity is fabricated by depositing thin Ag film on the photonic crystals (PC) surface, and this is the first time that the wettability and SERS activity are controlled simultaneously by adjusting surface roughness. A 5 nm thin silver film is deposited on the PC surface of hydrophilic SiO2 to increase surface roughness so that the wettability is transformed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic surface not only reduces the influence of the “coffee ring” effect but also enriches the samples during analysis. Moreover, due to the sputtering of Ag film, the “hot spots” on the PC surface are increased while the periodic structure of PC remains unchanged. By coupling the photonic bandgap (PBG) of HPCM with Raman laser wavelength, the enhancement factor (EF) reaches 2.3 × 106. The outstanding performance of HPCM is attributed to the synergy between the rough surface and the PBG of PC. The designed HPCM can not only quickly, efficiently, and sensitively detect organic compounds determination, but also has potential application in environmental monitoring.
Strong Piezoelectricity in 3R‐MoS2 Flakes
Authors: Hallil Hamida , Cai Weifan , Zhang Kang , Yu Peng , Liu Sheng , Xu Ran , Zhu Chao , Xiong Qihua , Liu Zheng , Zhang Qing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDistinct from conventional 2H‐MoS2, recently synthesized 3R‐MoS2 exhibits a noncentrosymmetric atomic structure of the trigonal “building blocks” and, thus, remarkable piezoelectric characteristics of ultrathin 3R‐MoS2 flakes are predicated theoretically. This paper reveals, for the first time, very high piezoelectricity in 3R‐MoS2 flakes experimentally. Through applying mechanical stress to a 48 nm 3R‐MoS2 flake, a high output power density of 65 mW m‐2 is obtained and is at least one order larger than those from the corresponding monolayer MoS2 flake. With out‐of‐plane lateral piezoresponse force microscopy technique, the two piezoelectric coefficients d33 and d13 are analyzed to be ≈0.9 and ≈1.6 pm V‐1, respectively. These piezoelectric coefficients are not apparently dependent on the flake thickness. The findings suggest that 3R‐MoS2 is of excellent piezoelectric properties and it can be an excellent material for novel piezoelectric devices.
Prenatally detected encephalocele associated with a novel pathogenicTCTN3variant: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huljev Frković Sanda , Vičić Ana , Crkvenac Gornik Kristina , Kulišić Dinko , Stipoljev Feodora 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrimary cilia are a component of almost all vertebrate cells with a crucial role in sensing and transducing environmental signals during tissue development. Their dysfunction is known as ciliopathies and can manifest with a wide spectrum of clinical disorders. Overlapping features and molecular heterogeneity of ciliopathies make diagnoses distinctly challenging. In this group of diseases, tectonic genes, and their mutations play an important role. We present a first‐trimester fetus with occipital encephalocele and OFD type IV caused byTCTN3compound heterozygous pathogenic variants: c.1423_1429del (p.Arg475Serfs*10) and c.3G>A (initiator codon). A severe arm anomaly was described in our case, with two fingers along the atrophic forearm and polydactyly on other limbs. This could be a new phenotypic characteristic contributing to further understanding ofTCTN3‐related disorders as well as other tectonic proteins in ciliopathy spectrum diseases.
Epigenetic conditioning induces intergenerational resilience to dementia in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Belmonte Krystal Courtney D. , Holmgren Eleanor B. , Wills Tiffany A. , Gidday Jeff M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionEpigenetic stimuli induce beneficial or detrimental changes in gene expression, and consequently, phenotype. Some of these phenotypes can manifest across the lifespan—and even in subsequent generations. Here, we used a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) to determine whether epigenetically induced resilience to specific dementia‐related phenotypes is heritable by first‐generation progeny.MethodsOur systemic epigenetic therapy consisted of 2 months of repetitive hypoxic “conditioning” (RHC) prior to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in adult C57BL/6J mice. Resultant changes in object recognition memory and hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) were assessed 3 and 4 months later, respectively.ResultsHypoperfusion‐induced memory/plasticity deficits were abrogated by RHC. Moreover, similarly robust dementia resilience was documented in untreated cerebral hypoperfused animals derived from RHC‐treated parents.ConclusionsOur results in experimental VCID underscore the efficacy of epigenetics‐based treatments to prevent memory loss, and demonstrate for the first time the heritability of an induced resilience to dementia.
Enhanced Wettability of a PTFE Porous Membrane for a High‐Temperature Stable Lithium‐Ion Battery Separator
Authors: Guo Hongxia , Li Mingye , Li Fan , Zhu Qizhen , Zhao Yao , Wang Feng , Qin Zhenping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) porous membrane was modified into a hydrophilic lithium‐ion battery (LIB) separator with a higher affinity to the electrolyte via the hybrid consisting of a cationic fluorocarbon surfactant (FCS), polyethylenimine (PEI), and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), which can be in‐situ biomineralized into SiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained PTFE/FCS‐PEI‐SiO2 separator showed a dynamic electrolyte contact angle, which decreased from 50.3° to 0° within 4 s, along with 215 % of electrolyte uptake. The ionic conductivity and the interfacial resistance were 9.12 mS cm−1 and 228.8 Ω, respectively. In addition, the cell equipped with the separator showed a capacity of 163.7 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.2 C. Notably, the cell with the separator displayed good high‐temperature stability.
Conserving unprotected important sites for shorebirds on China's coasts
Authors: Duan Houlang , Yu Xiubo , Xia Shaoxia , Liu Yu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe loss of natural wetland habitats along China's coasts has contributed to population declines in waterbirds, especially migratory shorebirds. Identifying important shorebird sites is important for habitat conservation and management. We integrated shorebird survey datasets from multiple sources (bird‐watching websites, survey reports, and published literature) for coastal wetlands in China and used the criterion of 1% of the global or flyway population (hereafter, Ramsar 1% criterion) and priority index Pi to identify conservation priority sites and corresponding prioritization rank. We used gap analysis to identify the conservation status of natural protected areas. Forty‐eight conservation priority sites, where 31 shorebird species met the Ramsar 1% criterion. The prioritization rank was very high priority for six sites, high priority for five sites, and priority for 37 sites. There were 28 conservation priority sites for shorebirds with conservation gaps, and these accounted for 58.33% of all 48 conservation priority sites. Of these unprotected sites, the prioritization ranks were very high priority or high priority for six sites, which were mainly concentrated in Jiangsu province. We recommend prioritizing the protection of these sites by creating new protected areas or incorporating these areas into the existing system.
Reduction in torque ripple by applying an asymmetric rotor to PMSM
Authors: Ito Makoto , Sugimoto Shinji , Takahashi Akeshi , Tamiya Shuichi , Kushida Takatoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this study, an asymmetric rotor was developed to reduce the cogging torque and torque ripple regardless of the rotational direction and its driving point. Specifically, the rotor had a linear symmetric structure for bi‐rotation. In addition, a π‐shaped pole rotor was proposed as a new structure to alleviate magnetic saturation at the edge parts of the rotor. Optimal design using the Rosenblock method revealed that the proposed structure can reduce the cogging torque and the torque ripple in a wide range of driving conditions.
Field study on the influence of subsurface drainage pipes and envelopes on discharge and salt leaching in arid areas
Authors: Li Hang , Wu Zhe , Yang Haoyu , Wu Jingwei , Guo Chenyao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe selection of suitable drainage materials is crucial for the efficient operation of subsurface drainage systems. Previous studies on drainage material selection have focused on anti‐clogging characteristics, and less attention has been given to their effects on the process of soil salt leaching, which is an important consideration in arid and semi‐arid areas. To investigate the influence of subsurface drainage pipes and envelopes on salt leaching and discharge, field leaching experiments under flood irrigation and drip irrigation were conducted in Xinjiang region in China. Results show that the amount of drainage water in treatments that use gravel envelopes is higher than that in treatments that use synthetic envelopes. Meanwhile, the amount of drainage water in treatments that use gravel envelopes decreases the most after 1 year of operation. The synthetic envelope, the interaction between the perforation rate of the drainage pipe and the synthetic envelope significantly influence water and salt discharge. The optimal level of the synthetic envelope used in this study is spun‐bonded non‐woven geotextile, that of the layer number of envelopes is a single layer, and that of the perforation rate of the drainage pipe is 3.0%.
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia complicated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: A case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Jia‐Pei , Zhai Li‐Jia , Gao Xiao‐Hui , Min Feng‐Ling 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudy of the molecular biological characteristics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia complicated with plasma cell disorder (CNL‐PCD) and lymphocytic proliferative disease (CNL‐LPD).MethodsThe clinical data of a patient with chronic neutrophilic leukemia complicated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (CNL‐MGUS) in our hospital were reviewed, and the Chinese and/or English literature about CNL‐PCD and CNL‐LPD in PubMed and the Chinese database CNKI in the past 10 years was searched to analyze the molecular biological characteristics of this disease.ResultsA 73‐year‐old male had persistent leukocytosis for 18 months. The white blood cell count was 46.77 × 109/L and primarily composed of mature neutrophils; hemoglobin: 77 g/L; platelet count: 189 × 109/L. Serum immunofixation electrophoresis showed IgG‐λ monoclonal M protein. A CT scan showed splenomegaly. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) showed that CSF3R T618I, ASXL1 and RUNX1 mutations were positive. It was diagnosed as CNL‐MGUS. We summarized 10 cases of CNL‐PCD and 1 case of CNL‐LPD who underwent genetic mutation detection reported in the literature. The CSF3R mutational frequency (7/11, 63.6%) was lower than that of isolated CNL. The ASXL1 mutations were all positive (3/3), which may represent a poor prognostic factor. The SETBP1 mutation may promote the progression of CNL‐PCD. We also found JAK2, RUNX1, NRAS, etc. in CNL‐PCD.ConclusionsChronic neutrophilic leukemia may be more inclined to coexist with plasma cell disorder. The CSF3R mutation in CNL‐PCD is still the most common mutated gene compared with isolated CNL. Mutations in SETBP1 and ASXL1 may be poor prognostic factors for CNL‐PCD.
Serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio reflects preoperative and early postoperative walking ability in older patients with hip fracture
Authors: Okubo Naoki , Yoshida Takashi , Tanaka Kazuya , Okada Naoya , Hosoi Kunihiko , Ohara Masato , Takahashi Kenji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe sarcopenia index (SI), calculated as the ratio of serum creatinine to cystatin C levels, reflects skeletal muscle mass and strength. Patients with hip fracture (HF) and sarcopenia have poor functional outcomes, and many require long‐term care after surgery. We hypothesized that the SI can predict preoperative and early postoperative functional outcomes.MethodsPreoperative serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured to calculate the SI for patients with surgically treated HF (n = 130, mean age: 87.8 ± 6.9 years). Walking ability before and 2 weeks after surgery was assessed, and patients were dichotomized into independent and assistance groups. To assess the validity of the SI, we examined its correlation with the quality [computed tomography (CT) value] and quantity (cross‐sectional area) of the muscles around the hip on the non‐operated side, which were preoperatively measured using CT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the SI.ResultsThe SI of the preoperative independent (n = 77) and assistance groups (n = 53) significantly differed (70.2 ± 12.4 and 60.1 ± 9.8, respectively, P < 0.000001). At 2 weeks after surgery, the SI was significantly higher in the independent group (n = 31, 73.0 ± 14.9) than in the assistance group (n = 99, 64.0 ± 10.7, P = 0.0003). In the preoperative independent group, 28 could walk independently after surgery (SI: 74.8 ± 14.0) while 49 required assistance (SI: 67.7 ± 10.6, P = 0.01). For patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF), the SIs were significantly higher in the postoperative independent group (78.6 ± 15.7) than in the postoperative assistance group (63.2 ± 10.9, P = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of the SI for postoperative walking ability was 0.95 (0.91–0.99, P = 0.03). The correlations of SIs with CT values and cross‐sectional areas were as follows: iliopsoas at the apex of the femoral head, r = 0.40, P < 0.001 and r = 0.49, P < 0.001, respectively; rectus femoris at the level of the lessor trochanter, r = 0.26, P = 0.007 and r = 0.37, P < 0.001, respectively. ROC analysis for predicting postoperative walking ability in preoperative independent patients with HF and FNF revealed areas under the curve (95% confidence interval) of 0.63 (0.50–0.76) and 0.80 (0.65–0.96), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients with HF, the SI correlated with preoperative walking ability and could predict postoperative walking ability. Among patients who could walk independently before surgery, those with high SIs could walk independently early in the postoperative period. The SI is beneficial for estimating walking ability in patients with HF.
Background factors associated with academic motivation for attending medical school immediately after admission in Japan: A single‐center study
Authors: Watari Takashi , Nagai Nobuhiro , Kono Kaori , Onigata Kazumichi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo become a doctor with a high level of professionalism and ethical standards, it is important to have and maintain a high level of motivation right from medical school. However, studies in Japan have not quantitatively investigated the factors related to motivation immediately after enrollment. This study aimed to identify the demographic factors that influence the motivation of medical students immediately after admission.MethodsA cross‐sectional single‐center study was conducted. First‐year medical students answered our questionnaire three weeks after the admission. The questionnaire comprised 16 demographic items and the 28‐item Academic Motivation Scale, which was used to quantify motivation.ResultsOur analysis showed that amotivation, representing low levels of self‐determinant motivation, was significantly higher in students whose parents were medical professionals and in students who did not talk about their problems than in those whose parents were not medical professionals and those who did talk about their problems. Intrinsic motivation, which indicates the level of self‐determinant motivation, was significantly lower in students who belonged to a sports club.ConclusionsWe suggest that having parents who are medical professionals may be associated with an individual's decreased motivation when entering medical school in Japan. Though this is a novel finding, further research is needed to analyze this relationship.