bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super-additive associations between parity and education level on mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Yasukawa Sumiyo , Eguchi Eri , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu ,   for JACC Study Group, Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu , Mori Mitsuru , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Tsuji Ichiro , Nakamura Yosikazu , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Mikami Haruo , Kurosawa Michiko , Hoshiyama Yoshiharu , Tanabe Naohito , Tamakoshi Koji , Wakai Kenji , Ando Masahiko , Suzuki Koji , Hashimoto Shuji , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Kikuchi Shogo , Wada Yasuhiko , Okabayashi Satoe , Ozasa Kotaro , Mikami Kazuya , Sakata Kiyomi , Kurozawa Yoichi , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
While women’s parity status and education level have independent associations with cardiovascular and other diseases, no studies have evaluated the additive interaction of these two factors. Therefore, we examined the additive interaction between parity and education level on mortality from stroke, coronary heart disease, total cardiovascular disease, cancer, non-cardiovascular disease, and non-cancer causes, and all causes in Japanese women.

Methods
This study followed 41,242 women aged 40–79 years without a history of cardiovascular disease or cancer from 1988 to 1990 until 2009. Baseline parity and education level were classified into four categories, with highly educated parous women as the reference group. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to calculate the risk of mortality. We also assessed the additive interactions between parity and education level on mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes using the relative excess risk due to interaction obtained using Cox models.

Results
During the median follow-up period of 19.1 years, we identified 6299 deaths. In a multivariable model adjusted for cardiovascular disease and other disease risk factors, nulliparous women with low education levels had increased multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 2.47) for stroke, 1.98 (95% CI 1.15, 3.39) for coronary heart disease, 1.71 (95% CI 1.34,2.18) for total cardiovascular disease, 1.69 (95% CI 1.33, 2.14) for non-cardiovascular and non-cancer, and 1.51 (95% CI 1.30, 1.75) for all-cause mortality when compared with highly educated parous women. Moreover, we observed significant additive interactions between parity and education level on total cardiovascular disease mortality (P = 0.04), non-cardiovascular disease and non-cancer mortality (P = 0.01), and all-cause mortality (P = 0.005).

Conclusions
Nulliparity and low education levels are super-additively associated with total cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular and non-cancer, and all-cause mortality risks, suggesting that nulliparous women with low education levels need specific support for preventing mortality related to cardiovascular and other diseases.
The determinants of staff retention after Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn Care training in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shikuku Duncan N. , Nyaoke Irene , Maina Onesmus , Eyinda Martin , Gichuru Sylvia , Nyaga Lucy , Iman Fatuma , Tallam Edna , Wako Ibrahim , Bashir Issak , Allott Helen , Ameh Charles 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Kenya’s maternal mortality ratio is relatively high at 342/100,000 live births. Confidential enquiry into maternal deaths showed that 90% of the maternal deaths received substandard care with health workforce related factors identified in 75% of 2015/2016 maternal deaths. Competent Skilled Health Personnel (SHP) providing emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) in an enabling environment reduces the risk of adverse maternal and newborn outcomes. The study objective was to identify factors that determine the retention of SHP 1 – 5 years after EmONC training in Kenya.

Methods
A cross-sectional review of EmONC SHP in five counties (Kilifi, Taita Taveta, Garissa, Vihiga and Uasin Gishu) was conducted between January–February 2020. Data was extracted from a training database. Verification of current health facilities where trained SHP were deployed and reasons for non-retention were collected. Descriptive data analysis, transfer rate by county and logistic regression for SHP retention determinants was performed.

Results
A total of 927 SHP were trained from 2014–2019. Most SHP trained were nurse/midwives (677, 73%) followed by clinical officers (151, 16%) and doctors (99, 11%). Half (500, 54%) of trained SHP were retained in the same facility. Average trained staff transfer rate was 43%, with Uasin Gishu lowest at 24% and Garissa highest at 50%. Considering a subset of trained staff from level 4/5 facilities with distinct hospital departments, only a third (36%) of them are still working in relevant maternity/newborn/gynaecology departments. There was a statistically significant difference in transfer rate by gender in Garissa, Vihiga and the combined 5 counties (p < 0.05). Interval from training in years (1 year, AOR = 4.2 (2.1–8.4); cadre (nurse/midwives, AOR = 2.5 (1.4–4.5); and county (Uasin Gishu AOR = 9.5 (4.6- 19.5), Kilifi AOR = 4.0 (2.1–7.7) and Taita Taveta AOR = 1.9 (1.1–3.5), p < 0.05, were significant determinants of staff retention in the maternity departments.

Conclusion
Retention of EmONC trained SHP in the relevant maternity departments was low at 36 percent. SHP were more likely to be retained by 1-year after training compared to the subsequent years and this varied from county to county. County policies and guidelines on SHP deployment, transfers and retention should be strengthened to optimise the benefits of EmONC training.
Emerging role of human microbiome in cancer development and response to therapy: special focus on intestinal microflora
Authors: Sadrekarimi Hourieh , Gardanova Zhanna R. , Bakhshesh Morteza , Ebrahimzadeh Farnoosh , Yaseri Amirhossein Fakhre , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Hasanpoor Zahra , Zadeh Firoozeh Abolhasani , Kahrizi Mohammad Saeed 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on the impact of microbial populations inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract on human health and disease. According to the involvement of microbiota in modulating physiological processes (such as immune system development, vitamins synthesis, pathogen displacement, and nutrient uptake), any alteration in its composition and diversity (i.e., dysbiosis) has been linked to a variety of pathologies, including cancer. In this bidirectional relationship, colonization with various bacterial species is correlated with a reduced or elevated risk of certain cancers. Notably, the gut microflora could potentially play a direct or indirect role in tumor initiation and progression by inducing chronic inflammation and producing toxins and metabolites. Therefore, identifying the bacterial species involved and their mechanism of action could be beneficial in preventing the onset of tumors or controlling their advancement. Likewise, the microbial community affects anti-cancer approaches’ therapeutic potential and adverse effects (such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy). Hence, their efficiency should be evaluated in the context of the microbiome, underlining the importance of personalized medicine. In this review, we summarized the evidence revealing the microbiota's involvement in cancer and its mechanism. We also delineated how microbiota could predict colon carcinoma development or response to current treatments to improve clinical outcomes.
The importance of mineralogical composition for the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of mineral dust
Authors: Grytting Vegard Sæter , Refsnes Magne , Låg Marit , Erichsen Eyolf , Røhr Torkil Sørlie , Snilsberg Brynhild , White Richard Aubrey , Øvrevik Johan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Respirable mineral particles represent a potential health hazard in occupational settings and ambient air. Previous studies show that mineral particles may induce cytotoxicity and inflammatory reactions in vitro and in vivo and that the potency varies between samples of different composition. However, the reason for these differences is largely unknown and the impact of mineralogical composition on the biological effects of mineral dust remains to be determined.

Methods
We have assessed the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of ten mineral particle samples of different composition in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) and THP-1-derived macrophages, as well as their membranolytic properties in erythrocytes. Moreover, the results were compiled with the results of recently published experiments on the effects of stone particle exposure and analysed using linear regression models to elucidate which mineral components contribute most to the toxicity of mineral dust.

Results
While all mineral particle samples were more cytotoxic to HBEC3-KT cells than THP-1 macrophages, biotite and quartz were among the most cytotoxic in both cell models. In HBEC3-KT cells, biotite and quartz also appeared to be the most potent inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the quartz, Ca-feldspar, Na-feldspar and biotite samples were the most potent in THP-1 macrophages. All particle samples except quartz induced low levels of membranolysis. The regression analyses revealed associations between particle bioactivity and the content of quartz, muscovite, plagioclase, biotite, anorthite, albite, microcline, calcite, chlorite, orthopyroxene, actinolite and epidote, depending on the cell model and endpoint. However, muscovite was the only mineral consistently associated with increased cytotoxicity and cytokine release in both cell models.

Conclusions
The present study provides further evidence that mineral particles may induce cytotoxicity and inflammation in cells of the human airways and that particle samples of different mineralogical composition differ in potency. The results show that quartz, while being among the most potent samples, does not fully predict the toxicity of mineral dust, highlighting the importance of other particle constituents. Moreover, the results indicate that the phyllosilicates muscovite and biotite may be more potent than other minerals assessed in the study, suggesting that this group of sheet-like minerals may warrant further attention.
Aseptic femoral nonunion treated with exchange locked nailing with intramedullary augmentation cancellous bone graft
Authors: Wu Chi-Chuan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Closed reamed locked intramedullary nailing has been the treatment of choice for most of femoral shaft fractures. A high union rate with a low complication rate is generally predictable. For an aseptic femoral shaft nonunion with a prior inserted intramedullary nail, exchange nailing is one of favored surgical techniques for treatment. However, a greatly varied success rate of 72–100% has been reported. To improve the success rate of exchange femur nailing, a modified bone grafting technique was developed. The purpose of this retrospective study intended to evaluate outcomes of such a revised technique.

Methods
From July 2011 to March 2019, 48 consecutive adult patients (average, 38 years; range, 19–67 years) with aseptic femoral shaft nonunions after intramedullary nailing treatment were studied. All femoral shaft fractures were initially caused by traffic accidents, which were treated by a closed or open intramedullary nailing technique at various hospitals. The current revision treatment was performed after an average of 2.2 years (range 1.1–6.2 years) from initial injuries. In the surgery, the prior nail was removed and the marrow cavity was reamed widely (at least 2 mm as possible). Sufficient cancellous bone grafts harvested on the trochanteric marrow wall from the inside were placed in the marrow cavity of the junction of nonunion fragments. A new 1-mm smaller size locked intramedullary nail was inserted. Whether the dynamic or static mode of nails were used mainly depended on the nonunion level. Postoperatively, protected weight bearing with crutches was allowed for all patients.

Results
Forty-one patients were followed for an average of 2.8 years (85.4%; range, 1.9–4.5 years) and all fractures healed. The union rate was 100% (41/41, p < 0.001) with a union time of an average of 3.4 months (range, 2.5–5.0 months). There were no complications of deep infection, nonunions, malunions, implant failures or an avulsed trochanter tip fracture. The satisfactory knee function improved from 73.2% (30/41) preoperatively to 92.7% (38/41) at the latest follow-up (p = 0.019).

Conclusions
The described modified bone grafting technique may effectively improve a union rate of exchange femur nailing while the surgical procedure is not complicated. It may therefore be used concomitantly in all aseptic femoral shaft nonunions when exchange nailing is performed.
Etiology of trauma-related acute compartment syndrome of the forearm: a systematic review
Authors: Khoshhal Khalid I. , Alsaygh Ehab F. , Alsaedi Obaid F. , Alshahir Alwaleed A. , Alzahim Ammar F. , Al Fehaid Mohammad S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can be caused by multiple causes that affect people of different ages. It is considered an orthopedic emergency condition that requires immediate diagnosis and surgical intervention to avoid devastating complications and irreversible damages. This systematic review aimed to present the etiology of trauma-related forearm ACS.

Methods
A systematic review was performed on four different databases: Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and Cochrane Database of systematic review register databases via Ovid, with no restriction on dates (last date was June 30, 2021). It included all the studies containing data about the etiology of trauma-related forearm ACS.

Results
A total of 4893 articles were retrieved: 122 met the inclusion criteria, 39 were excluded, 25 were out of scope and 14 had insufficient details. Hence, this review constituted 83 articles and 684 patients. The etiology of ACS causing forearm ACS was classified into three groups: fracture-related, soft tissue injury-related and vascular injury-related. The fracture-related group was the most common group (65.4%), followed by soft tissue injury (30.7%), then vascular injuries (3.9%). Furthermore, supracondylar humerus fractures were the most common cause of fractures related to forearm ACS. Blunt traumas were the most common cause of soft tissue injuries-related forearm ACS, and brachial artery injuries were the most common cause of vascular-related forearm ACS.

Conclusion
Frequent assessment of patients with the most prevalent etiologies of forearm ACS is recommended for early detection of forearm ACS and to save limbs.
Barriers and facilitators to chemotherapy initiation and adherence for patients with HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in Kenya: a qualitative study
Authors: McMahon Devon E. , Singh Rhea , Chemtai Linda , Semeere Aggrey , Byakwaga Helen , Grant Merridy , Laker-Oketta Miriam , Lagat Celestine , Collier Sigrid , Maurer Toby , Martin Jeffrey , Bassett Ingrid V. , Butler Lisa , Kiprono Samson , Busakhala Naftali , Freeman Esther E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Kaposi sarcoma is one of the most prevalent HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa and is often diagnosed at advanced stage of disease. Only 50% of KS patients who qualify for chemotherapy receive it and adherence is sub-optimal.

Methods
57 patients > 18 years with newly diagnosed KS within the AMPATH clinic network in Western Kenya were purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews stratified by whether they had completed, partially completed, or not completed chemotherapy for advanced stage KS. We based the interview guide and coding framework on the situated Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills (sIMB) framework, in which the core patient centered IMB constructs are situated into the socioecological context of receiving care.

Results
Of the 57 participants, the median age was 37 (IQR 32–41) and the majority were male (68%). Notable barriers to chemotherapy initiation and adherence included lack of financial means, difficulty with convenience of appointments such as distance to facility, appointment times, long lines, limited appointments, intrapersonal barriers such as fear or hopelessness, and lack of proper or sufficient information about chemotherapy. Factors that facilitated chemotherapy initiation and adherence included health literacy, motivation to treat symptoms, improvement on chemotherapy, prioritization of self-care, resilience while experiencing side effects, ability to carry out behavioral skills, obtaining national health insurance, and free chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Our findings about the barriers and facilitators to chemotherapy initiation and adherence for KS in Western Kenya support further work that promotes public health campaigns with reliable cancer and chemotherapy information, improves education about the chemotherapy process and side effects, increases oncology service ability, supports enrollment in national health insurance, and increases incorporation of chronic disease care into existing HIV treatment networks.
Differences in muscle satellite cell dynamics during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration
Authors: Fukada So-ichiro , Higashimoto Tatsuyoshi , Kaneshige Akihiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSkeletal muscle homeostasis and function are ensured by orchestrated cellular interactions among several types of cells. A noticeable aspect of skeletal muscle biology is the drastic cell–cell communication changes that occur in multiple scenarios. The process of recovering from an injury, which is known as regeneration, has been relatively well investigated. However, the cellular interplay that occurs in response to mechanical loading, such as during resistance training, is poorly understood compared to regeneration. During muscle regeneration, muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) rebuild multinuclear myofibers through a stepwise process of proliferation, differentiation, fusion, and maturation, whereas during mechanical loading-dependent muscle hypertrophy, MuSCs do not undergo such stepwise processes (except in rare injuries) because the nuclei of MuSCs become directly incorporated into the mature myonuclei. In this review, six specific examples of such differences in MuSC dynamics between regeneration and hypertrophy processes are discussed.
Presence of Akkermansiaceae in gut microbiome and immunotherapy effectiveness in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Grenda Anna , Iwan Ewelina , Chmielewska Izabela , Krawczyk Paweł , Giza Aleksandra , Bomba Arkadiusz , Frąk Małgorzata , Rolska Anna , Szczyrek Michał , Kieszko Robert , Kucharczyk Tomasz , Jarosz Bożena , Wasyl Dariusz , Milanowski Janusz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe significance of Akkermansia bacteria presence in gut micobiome, mainly Akkermansia mucinifila, is currently being investigated in the context of supporting therapy and marker for response to immunotherapy in cancer patients. It is indicated that patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) respond better to treatment if this bacterium is present in the intestine.We performed next-generation sequencing of the gut microbiome from patients treated in the first or second line therapy with anti-PD-1 (anti-programmed death 1) or anti-PD-L1 (anti-programmed death ligand 1) monoclonal antibodies. In our study group of 47 NSCLC patients, the percentage of Akkermansiaceae was higher in patients with disease stabilization and with partial response to immunotherapy compared to patients with disease progression. Moreover, we found that a higher percentage of Akkermansiaceae was present in patients with squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma. Our study showed that Akkermansiaceae could be supporting marker for response to immunotherapies in NSCLC patients, nonetheless further in-depth studies should be conducted in the role of Akkermansiaceae in cancer immunotherapy.
Prestige markers in art: subtle stratagems in material selection for fifteenth-century stained-glass windows
Authors: Patin Mathilde , Nys Karin , Thienpont Hugo , Meulebroeck Wendy 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The understanding of the connection between the value of an image and the value of the materials that were used to make it is limited, especially for stained-glass windows. However, such information can bring-to-light how artistic and economic questions were intertwined and how the final artwork depended on the ranking of the materials.
With this paper, we aim to illustrate the benefit of combining art historical research with scientific analysis to retrieve the selection of the quality of the materials of stained-glass windows. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the link between the materials and the iconography in order to recover artistic choices and highlight a possible hidden symbolism for a set of window panels, used as a first case-study. Glass quality is investigated according to the following parameters: (1) the glass composition, (2) the glass forming technique, (3) the transparency and hue of the colourless glass, and (4) the rarity and complexity of the colouring technology.
The results of our research indicate that the four-studied panels were originally assembled from two different glass compositional groups, K-rich glass and Ca-rich glass, and that specific attention was paid to select only high-quality materials and production techniques for the representation of the characters with higher positions in the religious hierarchy. A very interesting aspect concerns the way the bishop was rendered in one of the panels, because it seems that he actually upgraded his own prestige by requesting the use of specific materials and more attentiveness to his rendering in the panel.
By this research, we proposed a first case-study with a non-destructive tool to bring a discussion on the use of different glass qualities in stained glass window. We hope to further encourage such studies on window panels across Western Europe to verify if similar observations can be made.