bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome is more often suspected than diagnosed—A prospective real‐life study
Authors: Buttgereit Thomas , Gu Sophie , Carneiro‐Leão Leonor , Gutsche Annika , Maurer Marcus , Siebenhaar Frank 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is characterized by three diagnostic criteria: (1) episodic mast cell (MC)‐driven signs/symptoms of at least two organ systems in the absence of clonal MC expansion and definite triggers, (2) episodic increase in tryptase, and (3) response to MC‐targeted treatment. Many patients believe they have MCAS, but how often this is the case remains unknown.MethodsWe prospectively investigated patients with suspected MCAS (n = 100) for the diagnostic criteria including baseline tryptase, KIT D816V mutation, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) over the course of 12 weeks. Comorbid depression and anxiety were explored with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsIn 53% of our patients (80% females), suspicion of MCAS was based on self‐evaluation. In total, patients reported 87 different symptoms, mostly fatigue (n = 57), musculoskeletal pain/weakness (n = 49), and abdominal pain (n = 43), with overall high disease activity and impact. Two of 79 patients had increased tryptase (by >20% +2 ng/ml) following an episode. Only 5%, with any of the PROMs used, showed complete response to MC‐targeted treatment. Depression and anxiety disorders were frequent comorbidities (n = 23 each), and 65 patients had pathological HADS values, which were linked to high disease impact and poor symptom control.ConclusionMast cell activation syndrome was confirmed in only 2% of patients, which implies that it is not MC activation that drives signs and symptoms in most patients with suspected MCAS. There is a high need for comprehensive research efforts aimed at the identification of the true underlying pathomechanism(s) in patients with suspected MCAS.
Goodnight Colston. Mourning Slavery: Death Rites and Duppy Conquering in a Circum‐Atlantic City
Authors: Philogene Heron Adom 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the wake of the riotous procession that toppled the statue of Edward Colston, this essay sketches an ethnographic itinerary through the spectral geographies of Bristol, a circum‐Atlantic city haunted by the ghosts of slavery. The paper offers a Caribbean cosmological reading of the toppling and aqueous burial as a kind of duppy conquering, a vital act of social renewal that clears ground for processes of spiritual and affective repair. The paper then explores two rituals of restoration—a remembrance ceremony for an enslaved woman and an inchoate ancestral invocation upon an empty plinth—alongside other, kindred paths of repair in the long afterlife of Atlantic slavery.
Efficacy of pharmacological interventions in COVID‐19: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Selvarajan Sandhiya , Anandaradje Annuja , Shivabasappa Santhosh , Melepurakkal Sadanandan Deepthy , Nair N. Sreekumaran , George Melvin 
Published: March 2022

AimsTo perform network meta‐analysis for a head‐to‐head comparison of various interventions used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on mortality, clinical recovery, time to clinical improvement and the occurrence of serious adverse events.MethodsSystematic search was performed using online databases with suitable MeSH terms including coronavirus, COVID‐19, randomized controlled trial, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, remdesivir, favipiravir, dexamethasone and interferon‐β. Data were independently extracted by 2 study investigators and analysed.ResultsOut of 1225 studies screened, 23 were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Among the drugs studied, dexamethasone reduces mortality by 10%, with a relative risk of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [0.82–0.97]) and increases clinical recovery by 6% (relative risk 1.06, 95% confidence interval [1.02–1.10]) compared to standard of care. Similarly, remdesivir administered for 10 days increased clinical recovery by 10%, reduced time to clinical improvement by 4 days and lowered the occurrence of serious adverse events by 27% as compared to standard of care.ConclusionIn comparison to standard of care, dexamethasone was found to increase clinical recovery and lower mortality; remdesivir was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality as compared to tocilizumab and higher clinical recovery and shorter time to clinical improvement as compared to hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab; remdesivir followed by tocilizumab were found to have lesser occurrence of serious adverse events in patients with moderate to severe COVID‐19.
Evolution of severe (transfusion‐dependent) anaemia in myelodysplastic syndromes with 5q deletion is characterized by a macrophage‐associated failure of the eythropoietic niche
Authors: Buesche Guntram , Teoman Huesniye , Schneider Rebekka K. , Ribezzo Flavia , Ebert Benjamin L. , Giagounidis Aristoteles , Göhring Gudrun , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Bock Oliver , Ganser Arnold , Aul Carlo , Germing Ulrich , Kreipe Hans 
Published: April 2022

SummaryEvolution of erythrocyte transfusion‐dependent (RBC‐TD) anaemia associated with haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein subunit S14 gene (RPS14) is a characteristic complication of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with del(5q) [MDS.del(5q)]. Evaluating 39 patients with MDS.del(5q), <5% of anaemia progression was attributable to RPS14‐dependent alterations of normoblasts, pro‐erythroblasts, or CD34+CD71+ precursors. Ninety‐three percent of anaemia progression and 70% of the absolute decline in peripheral blood Hb value were attributable to disappearance of erythroblastic islands (Ery‐Is). Ery‐Is loss occurred independently of blast excess, TP53 mutation, additional chromosome aberrations and RPS14‐dependent alterations of normoblasts and pro‐erythroblasts. It was associated with RPS14‐dependent intrinsic (S100A8+) and extrinsic [tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α)‐overproduction] alterations of (CD169+) marrow macrophages (p < 0.00005). In a mouse model of RPS14 haploinsufficiency, Ery‐Is disappeared to a similar degree: approximately 70% of Ery‐Is loss was related to RPS14‐dependent S100A8 overexpression of marrow macrophages, less than 20% to that of CD71highTer119− immature precursors, and less than 5% to S100A8/p53 overexpression of normoblasts or pro‐erythroblasts. Marked Ery‐Is loss predicted reduced efficacy (erythrocyte transfusion independence) of lenalidomide therapy (p = 0.0006). Thus, erythroid hypoplasia, a characteristic complication of MDS.del(5q), seems to result primarily from a macrophage‐associated failure of the erythropoietic niche markedly reducing the productive capacity of erythropoiesis as the leading factor in anaemia progression and evolution of RBC‐TD in MDS.del(5q).
Reductions in perceived COVID‐19 threat amid UK’s mass public vaccination programme coincide with reductions in outgroup avoidance (but not prejudice)
Authors: Meleady Rose , Hodson Gordon 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt has long been proposed that perceptions of threat contribute to greater outgroup negativity. Much of the existing evidence on the threat–prejudice association in the real world, however, is cross‐sectional in nature. Such designs do not adequately capture individual‐level changes in constructs, and how changes in constructs relate to changes in other theoretically relevant constructs. The current research exploited the unique opportunity afforded by the mass COVID‐19 vaccination programme in the United Kingdom to explore whether reductions in pathogen threat coincide with reductions in outgroup prejudice and avoidance. A two‐wave longitudinal study (N1 = 912, N2 = 738) measured British adult's perceptions of COVID‐19 threat and anti‐immigrant bias before and during mass vaccine rollout in the United Kingdom. Tests of latent change models demonstrated that perceived COVID‐19 threat significantly declined as the vaccine programme progressed, as did measures of outgroup avoidance tendencies, but not prejudiced attitudes. Critically, change in threat was systematically correlated with change in outgroup avoidance: those with greater reductions in perceived COVID‐19 threat were, on average, those with greater reductions in outgroup avoidance. Findings provide important and novel insights into the implications of disease protection strategies for intergroup relations during an actual pandemic context, as it unfolds over time.
A novel prognostic model based on log odds of positive lymph nodes to predict outcomes of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma after surgery
Authors: Tang Jiajia , Tian Yan , Xi Xuehua , Ma Jiaojiao , Li Huilin , Wang Liangkai , Zhang Bo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe eighth version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (8th AJCC) system for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) added lymph node (LN) metastasis as the staging element. This study aimed to explore the association between LN status and ATC's prognosis, identify the optimal LN index and establish a novel prognostic model.Design and PatientsData of 199 ATC patients after surgery were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, then randomly divided into training and validation cohorts.MeasurementsWe compared the prognostic value of AJCC N status, number of positive LN (PLNN), ratio of LN (LNR) and log odds of positive LN (LODDS). We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox analyses to determine the independent prognostic factors for ATC, and constructed a novel prognostic model. The concordance index (C‐index), area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the nomogram's predictive performance.ResultsLODDS showed the highest accuracy among four LN systems to predict overall survival (OS) for ATC. In the training cohort, the C‐index of the LODDS‐based nomogram was 0.738. The AUCs were 0.813, 0.850 and 0.869 for predicting 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year OS, respectively. The calibration plots and DCA indicated the great clinical applicability of the model. The above results were verified in the validation cohort.ConclusionsLODDS showed better predictive performance than other LN schemes in ATC. The LODDS‐incorporated nomogram has the potential to more precisely predict the prognosis for ATC patients than the AJCC system.
Prominent D‐dimer elevation and pretibial edema related to alemtuzumab treatment: A case report and literature review
Authors: Aktan Suzgun Merve , Omerhoca Sami , Kale Nilufer , Uygunoglu Ugur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlemtuzumab is one of the most effective agents in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). On the other hand, the spectrum of possible side effects is wide and carries the potential to cause a variety of inflammatory and thrombotic complications. In this report firstly, a case who developed a systemic thrombotic and inflammatory response after alemtuzumab administration and then presented with pretibial edema in a period of 1 month is discussed. Then, based on the findings detected via this case, the possible side effects of alemtuzumab, both during drug infusion and in the early and late periods after administration, were classified. This classification was created by compiling the reported adverse effects in the literature related to the use of alemtuzumab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This presented case shows that prothrombotic predisposition after alemtuzumab administration may result in peripheral microvascular circulatory disorders even in the long term and one of them is pretibial edema. According to the current literature data, side effects of alemtuzumab treatment which is used for multiple sclerosis are categorized as follows: (i) infusion‐related reactions, (ii) acute/subacute inflammatory and pro‐thrombotic effects, (iii) immunosuppression‐related opportunistic infections, (iv) immune reconstitution‐related secondary autoimmune disorders. Increasing awareness of the possible side effects of alemtuzumab treatment used in the course of multiple sclerosis will enable both the development of possible prophylactic treatment options and the early control of emerging complications.
Learning Higher‐Order Transitional Probabilities in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Rey Arnaud , Fagot Joël , Mathy Fabien , Lazartigues Laura , Tosatto Laure , Bonafos Guillem , Freyermuth Jean‐Marc , Lavigne Frédéric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe extraction of cooccurrences between two events, A and B, is a central learning mechanism shared by all species capable of associative learning. Formally, the cooccurrence of events A and B appearing in a sequence is measured by the transitional probability (TP) between these events, and it corresponds to the probability of the second stimulus given the first (i.e., p(B|A)). In the present study, nonhuman primates (Guinea baboons, Papio papio) were exposed to a serial version of the XOR (i.e., exclusive‐OR), in which they had to process sequences of three stimuli: A, B, and C. In this manipulation, first‐order TPs (i.e., AB and BC) were uninformative due to their transitional probabilities being equal to .5 (i.e., p(B|A) = p(C|B) = .5), while second‐order TPs were fully predictive of the upcoming stimulus (i.e., p(C|AB) = 1). In Experiment 1, we found that baboons were able to learn second‐order TPs, while no learning occurred on first‐order TPs. In Experiment 2, this pattern of results was replicated, and a final test ruled out an alternative interpretation in terms of proximity to the reward. These results indicate that a nonhuman primate species can learn a nonlinearly separable problem such as the XOR. They also provide fine‐grained empirical data to test models of statistical learning on the interaction between the learning of different orders of TPs. Recent bioinspired models of associative learning are also introduced as promising alternatives to the modeling of statistical learning mechanisms.
Aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction: Energy expenditure, excess postexercise oxygen consumption, and respiratory exchange ratio
Authors: da Silva Julio C. G. , Freitas Eduardo D. S. , Aniceto Rodrigo R. , Silva Kalinne F. , Araújo Joamira P. , Bembem Michael G. , Batista Gilmário R. , Sousa Maria S. C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe compared the effects of aerobic exercise with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) to high‐intensity aerobic exercise on energy expenditure (EE), excess Postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during and after exercise. Twenty‐two recreationally active males randomly completed the following experimental conditions: AE—aerobic exercise without BFR, AE + BFR—aerobic exercise with BFR, HIAE—high‐intensity aerobic exercise, CON—non‐exercise control condition. EE was significantly (p < 0.05) greater during exercise for HIAE compared to all conditions, and for AE + BFR compared to AE and CON during and postexercise exercise. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in EPOC between HIAE and AE + BFR at any time point, however, both conditions were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than the AE (d = 1.50 and d = 1.03, respectively) and CON at the first 10 min postexercise. RER during exercise for HIAE was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than AE + BFR at the first 6 min of exercise (p = 0.003, d = 0.88), however, no significant differences were observed from 9 min up to the end of the exercise. HIAE was also significantly (p < 0.05) greater than AE and CON at all time points during exercise, whereas, AE + BFR was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than CON at all time points but not significantly (p < 0.05) different than AE (p < 0.05); although the overall session RER was significantly (p < 0.05) greater during AE + BFR than AE. Altogether, continuous AE + BFR results in greater EE compared to volume matched AE, as well as a similar EPOC compared to HIAE.
Early United States experience with liver donation after circulatory determination of death using thoraco‐abdominal normothermic regional perfusion: A multi‐institutional observational study
Authors: Sellers Marty T. , Nassar Ahmed , Alebrahim Musab , Sasaki Kazunari , Lee David D. , Bohorquez Humberto , Cannon Robert M. , Selvaggi Gennaro , Neidlinger Nikole , McMaster William G. , Hoffman Jordan R.H. , Shah Ashish S. , Montenovo Martin I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMortality on the liver waitlist remains unacceptably high. Donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD) donors are considered marginal but are a potentially underutilized resource. Thoraco‐abdominal normothermic perfusion (TA‐NRP) in DCD donors might result in higher quality livers and offset waitlist mortality. We retrospectively reviewed outcomes of the first 13 livers transplanted from TA‐NRP donors in the US. Nine centers transplanted livers from eight organ procurement organizations. Median donor age was 25 years; median agonal phase was 13 minutes. Median recipient age was 60 years; median lab MELD score was 21. Three patients (23%) met early allograft dysfunction (EAD) criteria. Three received simultaneous liver‐kidney transplants; neither had EAD nor delayed renal allograft function. One recipient died 186 days post‐transplant from sepsis but had normal presepsis liver function. One patient developed a biliary anastomotic stricture, managed endoscopically; no recipient developed clinical evidence of ischemic cholangiopathy (IC). Twelve of 13 (92%) patients are alive with good liver function at 439 days median follow‐up; one patient has extrahepatic recurrent HCC. TA‐NRP DCD livers in these recipients all functioned well, particularly with respect to IC, and provide a valuable option to decrease deaths on the waiting list.
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal inferior vena cava malformation using HDlive flow combined with spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Tie Hong‐xia , Ma Bin , Zhang Deng‐cai , Li Tian‐gang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the application value of high‐definition live (HDlive) flow combined with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in the diagnosis of fetal inferior vena cava malformation (IVCM).MethodsTwenty cases of IVCMs were diagnosed using two‐dimensional HDlive flow and HDlive flow combined with STIC and retrospectively analyzed to examine the impact of using HDlive flow combined with STIC in the diagnosis of IVCM.ResultsHDlive flow combined with STIC detected one case of duplicated IVC, four cases of left IVC (two cases with complex malformations), and 15 cases of interrupted IVC (two cases of isolated IVC disconnection, five cases with left atrial heterogeneous syndrome, and eight cases with other complex malformations).ConclusionHDlive flow combined with STIC can help in the diagnosis of IVCM, and this technique has important clinical value.
Soil macroporosity and water flow in the root zone of oases in hyper‐arid regions
Authors: Zhang Yongyong , Jia Angyuan , Zhao Wenzhi , Kang Jianjun , Wang Chuan , Kang Wenrong , Tian Zihan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe characteristics of soil macropores and water infiltration are closely connected to the growth of plant roots and their root zone environment. However, it is unclear how the root zone environment of oasis farmlands regulates the development of soil macropores and water flow in hyper‐arid regions. The objective of this study was to investigate soil macropores and their effect on water flow under irrigated oasis farmlands using a combination of X‐ray computed tomography (CT) and dye tracer. It was hypothesized that the integration of CT and dye tracer could clearly reveal preferential flow through biopores and large pores of oasis soils. A helical medical CT scanner was used to quantify more information about soil macropores in the root zone, along with an in situ single‐ring dye infiltration experiment to reveal water flow in three different oasis farmlands (piedmont oasis farmland, marginal oasis farmland, and old oasis farmland). Soil macroporosity was 0.44% under crop rows, while soil macroporosity in the interrows was only 0.30% across the oasis farmlands. Biopores contributed 73% of the volume of the total macropores under crop rows. The stable infiltration rate in the interrows was 0.3 mm min−1, which was significantly (p < 0.05) less than that under crop rows (0.7 mm min−1). Water flow under crop rows were mainly transported in biopores and large pores. The contribution of macropores to preferential flow under crop rows was 4.8 times larger than interrows. The integration of CT and dye tracer was a more holistic technique, which adequately revealed that oases had preferential flow affected by biopores and large pores, resulting in higher solute and contaminant transport.Key Points
Soil macropores and preferential flow affected by crop roots were investigated in hyper‐arid regions.
The integration of CT and dye tracer adequately identified preferential flowpaths of oasis soils.
Biopores were larger under crop rows than interrows.
Preferential flow transported in biopores and large soil pores under crop rows.
Construction and initial validation of the parenting regulatory focus scale
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Lee Richard M. , Wackerle‐Hollman Alisha , Johnson LeAnn , Pinna Keri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe present parenting regulatory focus as a theoretical framework to understand parenting goal motivations and describe the development and validation of a 16‐item Parenting Regulatory Focus Scale.BackgroundMost parenting research is focused on parenting behaviors, but it is also important to understand the goal motivations behind parental approaches to raising children.MethodWe used two independent samples (N1 = 856;N2 = 497) to validate the Parenting Regulatory Focus Scale as a two‐factor structure composed of promotion‐ and prevention‐based parenting regulatory focus. Across two studies, we tested the construct validity of the Parenting Regulatory Focus Scale through correlations with general regulatory focus, parents' personality traits, child temperament, parenting styles and behaviors, and child adjustment.ResultsThe scale scores demonstrated good internal reliabilities (αs = .86–.91), as well as 2‐week (αpromotion = .65,αprevention = .77) and 6‐month test–rest reliabilities (αpromotion = .61,αprevention = .66). Path analysis supported the relationship between parenting regulatory focus and child adjustment as mediated by parenting styles and behaviors.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe Parenting Regulatory Focus Scale is a promising tool that can contribute to parenting research and tailoring of parenting interventions.
Resisting ecosystem transformation through an intensive whole‐lake fish removal experiment
Authors: Embke Holly S. , Carpenter Stephen R. , Isermann Daniel A. , Coppola Giancarlo , Beard Douglas T. , Lynch Abigail J. , Sass Greg G. , Feiner Zachary S. , Vander Zanden M. Jake 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLake ecosystems are shifting due to many drivers including climate change and landscape‐scale habitat disturbance, diminishing their potential to support some fisheries. Walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) populations, which support recreational and tribal fisheries across North America, have declined in some lakes. Climate change, harvest, invasive species and concurrent increases in warm‐water fishes (e.g. Centrarchidae) may have contributed to declines. To test the utility of an intensive management action to resist walleye loss, an experimental removal of ~285,000 centrarchids from a 33‐ha lake over 4 years was conducted while monitoring the fish community response. Centrarchid abundance declined and yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill) increased, yet no evidence of walleye recruitment was observed. These findings explore the feasibility of intensive resistance as a management strategy in supporting walleye facing environmental change and provide a platform for management discussions to move beyond resist strategies in the Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) framework to navigate ecosystem change.