bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Digital Participatory Budgeting Platforms: Urban Biking Activism in Madrid
Authors: Menendez-Blanco Maria , Bjørn Pernille 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCivic technologies have the potential to support participation and influence decision-making in governmental processes. Digital participatory budgeting platforms are examples of civic technologies designed to support citizens in making proposals and allocating budgets. Investigating the empirical case of urban biking activists in Madrid, we explore how the design of the digital platform Decide Madrid impacted the collaborative practices involved in digital participatory budgeting. We found that the design of the platform made the interaction competitive, where individuals sought to gain votes for their single proposals, rather than consider the relations across proposals and the larger context of the city decisions, even if the institutional process rewarded collective support. In this way, the platforms’ design led to forms of individualistic, competitive, and static participation, therefore limiting the possibilities for empowering citizens in scoping and self-regulating participatory budgeting collaboratively. We argue that for digital participatory budgeting platforms to support cooperative engagements they must be revisable and reviewable while supporting accountability among participants and visibility of proposals and activities.
Assessing the Economic Resilience of Different Management Systems to Severe Forest Disturbance
Authors: Knoke Thomas , Paul Carola , Gosling Elizabeth , Jarisch Isabelle , Mohr Johannes , Seidl Rupert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven the drastic changes in the environment, resilience is a key focus of ecosystem management. Yet, the quantification of the different dimensions of resilience remains challenging, particularly for long-lived systems such as forests. Here we present an analytical framework to study the economic resilience of different forest management systems, focusing on the rate of economic recovery after severe disturbance. Our framework quantifies the post-disturbance gain in the present value of a forest relative to a benchmark system as an indicator of economic resilience. Forest values and silvicultural interventions were determined endogenously from an optimization model and account for risks affecting tree survival. We consider the effects of differences in forest structure and tree growth post disturbance on economic resilience. We demonstrate our approach by comparing the economic resilience of continuous cover forestry against a clear fell system for typical conditions in Central Europe. Continuous cover forestry had both higher economic return and higher economic resilience than the clear fell system. The economic recovery from disturbance in the continuous cover system was between 18.2 and 51.5% faster than in the clear fell system, resulting in present value gains of between 1733 and 4535 € ha−1. The advantage of the continuous cover system increased with discount rate and stand age, and was driven by differences in both stand structure and economic return. We conclude that continuous cover systems can help to address the economic impacts of increasing disturbances in forest management.
Nonlinear analysis of the delayed tyre model with control-based continuation
Authors: Beregi Sandor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, the numerical bifurcation analysis of a shimmying wheel is performed with a non-smooth, time-delayed model of the tyre-ground contact. This model is capable of reproducing the bistable behaviour often observed in experiments: a stable equilibrium and a stable periodic orbit coexisting for the same set of system parameters, that the simpler quasi-steady tyre models fail to capture. In the bistable parameter domain, there also exists an unstable periodic orbit within the separatrix between the domains of attractions of the two stable steady-state solutions. Although this solution never appears in a real-life system, one may still gain valuable information from tracing it as it gives an indication about the level of perturbation that would drive the system from one stable solution to the other. However, the complexity of the laws governing partial sticking and sliding in the tyre-ground contact makes the numerical bifurcation analysis with the traditional, collocation-based techniques infeasible. Instead, this study is based on numerical simulations and the technique of control-based continuation (CBC) to track the stable and unstable periodic solutions of the system allowing for the assessment of the accuracy of the non-smooth, delayed tyre model in replicating the dynamics observed in experiments. In the meantime, the physics-based model provides an insight into the relationship between the sticking and sliding regions appearing in the tyre-ground contact and the global dynamics of the system.
Maximal motion and minimal matter: Aristotelian physics and special relativity
Authors: Keck John W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper shows how key aspects of Aristotle’s core concepts of matter and motion, some of which have recently been shown to help make sense of quantum mechanical indeterminacy, align with some important results of the energy-momentum relationship of special relativity. In this conception, mobility and indeterminacy are inherently linked to each other and to materiality. Applying these ideas to massless particles, which relativity tells us move at the maximal cosmic speed, allows us to draw the conclusion that they must be the most basic physical bodies, that is, mobile substances (secondary, locomotive matter). The most familiar massless particle, the photon, constitutes light. Furthermore, because the photon composes luminous matter but cannot be decomposed into anything else more basic, it fulfills the definition of element.
Lp(a): a New Pathway to Target?
Authors: Nurmohamed Nick S. , Kraaijenhof Jordan M. , Stroes Erik S. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Over the past decades, genetic and observational evidence has positioned lipoprotein(a) as novel important and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic valve stenosis.

Recent Findings
As Lp(a) levels are determined genetically, lifestyle interventions have no effect on Lp(a)-mediated ASCVD risk. While traditional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) can now be effectively lowered in the vast majority of patients, current lipid lowering therapies have no clinically relevant Lp(a) lowering effect.

Summary
There are multiple Lp(a)-directed therapies in clinical development targeting LPA mRNA that have shown to lower Lp(a) plasma levels for up to 90%: pelacarsen, olpasiran, and SLN360. Pelacarsen is currently investigated in a phase 3 cardiovascular outcome trial expected to finish in 2024, while olpasiran is about to proceed to phase 3 and SLN360’s phase 1 outcomes were recently published. If proven efficacious, Lp(a) will soon become the next pathway to target in ASCVD risk management.
Water–structure interaction analysis of a segmental bridge using ambient vibration testing at different water levels
Authors: Hernandez Wilson , Viviescas Alvaro , Riveros-Jerez Carlos Alberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUpdating a finite-element (FE) model using dynamic parameters obtained from field testing requires an adequate understanding of the variation of such parameters due to changes in environmental conditions. This paper presents an experimental program to study the influence of the water–structure interaction in the dynamic response of a prestressed concrete segmental bridge with partially submerged piers in an artificial reservoir. The bridge, located in Colombia, has a total length of 558 m. Ambient Vibration Tests (AVTs) consisted of four experimental campaigns at different water levels to perform modal identification. In addition, existing empirical formulations accounted for the effect of the hydrodynamic masses concentrated in the piers. This paper shows that updating FE models from identified dynamic properties in partially submerged bridges involves percentage reductions in natural frequencies related to the reservoir's water level. Thus, providing a better insight into the incidence of water–structure interaction on partially submerged bridges' dynamic response. Finally, considerations during dynamic characterization tests are discussed.
An Ethnic Security Dilemma in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Civic Pride and Civics Education
Authors: Becker Matthew T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article attempts to explore the link between education and democracy. Education is supposed to serve as a unifying factor and socialization agent among citizens of a state; teaching them who they are and what their country expects of them. The role of the educational system is important for the state in building a civic identity and patriotism among students. In Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), students complete a “Democracy and Human Rights” civics education course in primary and secondary schools; however, the current pedagogical implementation of instilling a civic identity is low, with little attention paid to civic identity promotion. This article examines the notions of civic pride and education among high school seniors in BiH via statistical analysis of original field data (n=5,749 surveys; 78 high schools in 53 towns). Identity politics and ethnic saliency are explored, with concluding views on the lack of (perceived) rights among the Croat student population. Cross-cutting cleavages and interpersonal trust are low, with the ethnic promoted over the civic.
Governing the “Unmarked” Citizens: Romania’s Roma in the Grip of Socialist Technologies of Power
Authors: Anghel Ionuț-Marian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile many scholarly contributions have documented the socialist state policies deployed toward the Roma from Central and Eastern Europe, less attention was paid to how discourses and policies have aimed to turn the “non-European,” “backward Roma” into reformed and modernized subjects that were supposed to conform to an “European,” sedentary way of life. Thus, I discuss proletarization and sedentarization not as state policies but as programs and technologies of power, specific to a socialist governmentality. The article interrogates the programs, technologies of power and biopolitical regulations that allowed the state authorities to legitimize their intervention in the daily lives of the Roma, with profound depoliticizing effects. I analyze political programs, governmental reports on Roma and ministry regulations as instruments of governmentality through which the governance of the “Roma question” took shape. Special attention is given to data/knowledge production. Finally, the research pinpoints that the micro-scale and the everyday workings of the socialist technologies of power might explain the different trajectories of socio-economic adaptation among Roma groups, which some studies have revealed during post-socialism.
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Nippotaenia mogurndae Yamaguti and Miyata, 1940 (Cestoda: Nippotaeniidae)
Authors: Cao Ze-Yi , Xi Bing-Wen , Li Shao-Wu , Chen Kai , Xie Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome of the tapeworm Nippotaenia mogurndae in the order Nippotaeniidea Yamaguti, 1939. This mitogenome, which is 14,307 base pairs (bp) long with an A + T content of 72.2%, consists of 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two rRNA genes, and two non-coding regions. Most tRNAs have a conventional cloverleaf structure, but trnS1 and trnR lack dihydrouridine arms of tRNA. The two largest non-coding regions, NCR1 (220 bp) and NCR2 (817 bp), are located between trnY and trnS2 and between nad5 and trnG, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomic data indicate that N. mogurndae is closely related to tapeworms in the order Cyclophyllidea.
Pandemic paranoia in the general population: international prevalence and sociodemographic profile
Authors: Ellett Lyn , Schlier Björn , Kingston Jessica L. , Zhu Chen , So Suzanne Ho-wai , Lincoln Tania M. , Morris Eric M. J. , Gaudiano Brandon A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe term ‘pandemic paranoia’ has been coined to refer to heightened levels of mistrust and suspicion towards other people specifically due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we examine the international prevalence of pandemic paranoia in the general population and its associated sociodemographic profile.MethodsA representative international sample of general population adults (N = 2510) from five sites (USA N = 535, Germany N = 516, UK N = 512, Australia N = 502 and Hong Kong N = 445) were recruited using stratified quota sampling (for age, sex, educational attainment) and completed the Pandemic Paranoia Scale (PPS).ResultsThe overall prevalence rate of pandemic paranoia was 19%, and was highest in Australia and lowest in Germany. On the subscales of the PPS, prevalence was 11% for persecutory threat, 29% for paranoid conspiracy and 37% for interpersonal mistrust. Site and general paranoia significantly predicted pandemic paranoia. Sociodemographic variables (lower age, higher population size and income, being male, employed and no migrant status) explained additional variance and significantly improved prediction of pandemic paranoia.ConclusionsPandemic paranoia was relatively common in a representative sample of the general population across five international sites. Sociodemographic variables explained a small but significant amount of the variance in pandemic paranoia.
A DIFFERENT PRODUCT? THE FORMATION AND EXPANSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MEAT AND LIVE CATTLE MARKET (1850–1939)
Authors: Delgado Pablo , Pinilla Vicente , Aparicio Gema 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTGlobal agro-food trade grew strongly during the first globalisation. The increase in demand, the fall in trade costs, liberal policies and technological advances explain this expansion in trade. Within this context, this study analyses the formation and evolution of the international market of a special product: meat. It is a peculiar product because it is perishable. Furthermore, it is important to point out that the increase in its trade was based mostly on the strong demand in the United Kingdom, which acquired an almost monopsonist position, and also on the diffusion of mechanical refrigeration. This enabled the countries of the Río de la Plata, particularly Argentina, together with Australia and New Zealand to become world leaders in meat exports.
Prosody and speech act interpretation: The case of French indirect requests
Authors: Ruytenbeek Nicolas , Bergen Benjamin , Trott Sean 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSome utterances are pragmatically ambiguous. For instance, Tu peux fermer la fenêtre ? (“Can you close the window?”) can be a request for information or an “indirect request” (IR) to close the window. A possible way for speakers to make it clear whether they intend these expressions as a direct or indirect speech act is to use cues such as gestures or prosody. It has been shown for English that participants’ identifications of IRs are predicted by f0 slope, mean f0, and f0 duration. However, the extent to which these findings extend to other languages remains unknown. In this article, we explore the prosodic features associated with French IRs, a language poorly documented from that perspective. We address two research questions: Are listeners’ pragmatic interpretations of French IR constructions predicted by speaker’s original intent? Do prosodic cues play the same role in French modal interrogatives as in declarative remarks? We find, first, that remarks with more positive f0 slope are more likely to be interpreted as requests, but modal interrogatives with more positive f0 slope are more likely to be taken as questions. Second, while longer remarks were more likely to be interpreted as requests, longer modal interrogatives were more likely to be interpreted as questions.
Detection and diagnosis of deviations in distributed systems of autonomous agents
Authors: Nigam Vivek , Kim Minyoung , Mason Ian , Talcott Carolyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven the complexity of cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as swarms of drones, often deviations, from a planned mission or protocol, occur which may in some cases lead to harm and losses. To increase the robustness of such systems, it is necessary to detect when deviations happen and diagnose the cause(s) for a deviation. We build on our previous work on soft agents, a formal framework based on using rewriting logic for specifying and reasoning about distributed CPS, to develop methods for diagnosis of CPS at design time. We accomplish this by (1) extending the soft agents framework with Fault Models; (2) proposing a protocol specification language and the definition of protocol deviations; and (3) development of workflows/algorithms for detection and diagnosis of protocol deviations. Our approach is partially inspired by existing work using counterfactual reasoning for fault ascription. We demonstrate our machinery with a collection of experiments.
Insights into the Residue Trapped in Glaze Cracks of Archaeological Ceramics Using Microchemical Analysis
Authors: Li Zihan , Yuan Feng , Cao Jianwen , Hein Anke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Searching for residue in the glaze of porcelain or stoneware is a difficult task because these glazes are high-fired, well vitrified, and nonporous. This paper analyzes the chemical composition of residue observed in glaze cracks of porcelain via SEM-EDS to determine how the crackle effect was produced, in particular, if it was intentionally created during production or the result of post-depositional processes. This study offers insights to a specific type of ancient Chinese porcelain called “Ge-type ware”, which has two different types of cracks, and whose origin has been debated for nearly 60 years because it has never been found at any kiln site. This paper analyzes the chemical composition of the two crack types, first using elemental mapping to ascertain the different mechanisms that produced these two crack types of the Heirloom Ge ware, and second using residue analysis and chemical fingerprinting to determine the provenance of this puzzling type of porcelain. In doing so, this paper demonstrates how the residue in the glaze of porcelain can be observed and analyzed via microchemical approaches and hopes to inspire more research using this technique in future.
Ultracellular Imaging of Bronchoalveolar Lavage from Young COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities Showed Greater SARS-COV-2 Infection but Lesser Ultrastructural Damage Than the Older Patients
Authors: Chaudhary Shikha , Rai Preeti , Joshi Arti , Yadav Pooja , Sesham Kishore , Kumar Shailendra , Mridha Asit Ranjan , Baitha Upendra , Nag Tapas Chandra , Soni Kapil Dev , Trikha Anjan , Yadav Subhash Chandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, we examined the cellular infectivity and ultrastructural changes due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the various cells of bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) from intubated patients of different age groups (≥60 years and &lt;60 years) and with common comorbidities such as diabetes, liver and kidney diseases, and malignancies. BALF of 79 patients (38 cases &gt;60 and 41 cases &lt;60 years) were studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the ultrastructural changes in the ciliated epithelium, type II pneumocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and anucleated granulocytes. This study demonstrated relatively a greater infection and better preservation of subcellular structures in these cells from BALF of younger patients (&lt;60 years compared with the older patients (≥60 years). The different cells of BALF from the patients without comorbidities showed higher viral load compared with the patients with comorbidities. Diabetic patients showed maximum ultrastructural damage in BALF cells in the comorbid group. This study highlights the comparative effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the different airway and inflammatory cells of BALF at the subcellular levels among older and younger patients and in patients with comorbid conditions.
Palynostratigraphy, biochronology and palaeobathymetry of a section of Awaizombe-1 well, eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: CHUKWUMA-ORJI Jacinta N. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTDitch cuttings (69 samples) from a section of Awaizombe-1well located in the Northern Depobelt of the eastern Niger Delta Basin were used for this study. The lithology of the studied interval 1373–1812 m (439 m thick) consists of fissile grey shale and mudstone units. The scid method of sample preparation for palynormorphs’ recovery was adopted. Analysis recorded a well-preserved and diverse assemblage of palynomorphs, rich in pollen, spores and dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts). First and last occurrences of marker and age diagnostic species were used for palynostratigraphic interpretation. Four palynostratigraphic interval range zones were established: Psilatriporites sp.–Racemonocolpites hians Zone; early Oligocene (Rupelian age), Praedapollis africanus–Doualaidites laevigatus Zone; late Eocene (Priabonian age), middle Eocene (Lutetian and Bartonian ages), Doualaidites laevigatus–Praedapollis flexibilies Zone; and early Eocene (Ypresian age), Verrucatosporites usmensis–Retitricolpites ituensis Zone. The first downhole occurrence of D. laevigatus at the 1482 m marks the late Eocene/early Oligocene boundary. Established zones are useful for inter and intra basins correlation. Lithology and age of the studied section are suggestive of the lower Agbada Formation. Palaeoenvironmental interpretations using diagnostic species revealed two environments: brackish and inner neritic to upper bathyal (0–600 m) under relatively warm-water marine condition indicated by thermophilic dinocyst taxa, such as Lingulodinium machaerophorum, Polysphaeridium zoharyi and Homotryblium spp. The lithology and these types of environments are good sites for hydrocarbon generation.
Morphology and Evolution of Plasma Density Enhancement Events in the Equatorial Ionospheric F Region on 8 February and 4 November 2018
Authors: Wu Kun , Xu Jiyao , Wang Wenbin , Yuan Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we used observations from multiple instruments (all‐sky imager [ASI], digisonde, and Beidou geostationary satellite global positioning system receivers) to show the occurrence and evolution of two plasma density enhancement structures (PDESs) during the night of 8 February and 4 November 2018. The PDESs were elongated from northwest to southeast. Their zonal scales were about 200–400 km and longitudinal ranges were about 800–1,400 km. Within the PDES, the plasma density can be enhanced by about two times over the background density. The PDESs appeared before midnight and gradually dissipated after midnight. Plasma density depletion structures appeared within the PDES at the later stage of PDES. Each PDES event lasted for over 4 hours. The morphology and evolution of the PDESs presented in this paper are different from those reported in previous studies. In addition, based on the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model simulations and digisonde observations, we proposed a possible cause for the PDESs in the events, in which the occurrence and evolution of PDES are related to the variations of thermospheric meridional winds in the equatorial region.