bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of anthropometric indices with the development of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Geng Shuoji , Chen Xuejiao , Shi Zhan , Bai Kaizhi , Shi Songhe 
Published: October 2022

Background
Previous studies have explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and multimorbidity. However, the relationship between other obesity indicators and their dynamic changes and multimorbidity has not been systematically estimated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of BMI and other obesity indicators, including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist divided by height0.5 (WHT.5R), and body roundness index (BRI) and their changes and the risk of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults through a retrospective cohort study.

Methods
Data collected from annual health examination dataset in the Jinshui during 2017 and 2021. Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of baseline and dynamic changes in the anthropometric indices on the risk of multimorbidity.

Results
A total of 75,028 individuals were included in the study, and 5,886 participants developed multimorbidity during the follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a progressive increase in the risk of multimorbidity with increasing anthropometric indicators (BMI, WC, WHtR, WHT.5R, and BRI) (all P<0.001). Regardless of general obesity status at baseline, increased WC was associated with a high risk of multimorbidity. Compared to the subjects with baseline BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC<90 (men)/80 (women), the HRs (95% CI) of the baseline BMI<24 kg/m2 and WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) group and BMI≥24 kg/m2 and WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) group were 1.31 (1.08, 1.61) and 1.82 (1.68, 1.97), respectively. In addition, the dynamics of WC could reflect the risk of multimorbidity. When subjects with baseline WC<90 (men)/80 (women) progressed to WC≥90 (men)/80 (women) during follow-up, the risk of multimorbidity significantly increased (HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.64, 1.95), while the risk of multimorbidity tended to decrease when people with abnormal WC at baseline reversed to normal at follow-up (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.26, 1.54) compared to those who still exhibited abnormal WC at follow-up (HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.82, 2.18).

Conclusions
Central obesity is an independent and alterable risk factor for the occurrence of multimorbidity in middle-aged and elderly populations. In addition to the clinical measurement of BMI, the measurement of the central obesity index WC may provide additional benefits for the identification of multimorbidity in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations.
Stokvels and Intra-Community Ethnic Associations in (Yaoundé) -Cameroon: Harbingers of Stability, Nation-Building and Development
Authors: Balon Sharila Shuka 
Published: October 2022

This article counters the assertion that ethnicization and ethnophobia is a cause of conflict with insights from how ethnic groupings around stokvels and cultural associations help entrench political stability and accelerate rural development where governments and service delivery is in short supply. Drawing from the current geopolitical and regional conflicts splitting former English and French trust territories that have since 1972 united to become one Cameroon, the article argues that, while at its inception the government’s revision of the federal system established in the negotiated 1961 constitution, the former British trust territories of the North and South West regions of present Cameroon have remained glued around ethnic groups and co-existed until the evident and admitted attempts by the government to erode the English Common Law and Anglo-Saxon educational systems. As such a cursory of literature which suggests that ethnicization is a trigger of intractable conflicts is examined with the view of demonstrating that in present-day Cameroon, the ethnicization which has kept a fragile nation together for years is once again the harbingers upon which the country’s stability, nation-building and development is reliant. Using ‘Social Cohesion’ as a reflexive praxis upon which societies are believed to stay together, the article confronts the notion that social cohesion has to be large societal demographics and with the aid of quantitative data sourced from assessing the impact of certain stokvels and intra-community ethnic associations, concludes that, ethnicization is a potent vehicle of stability and development.
Overcoming challenges regarding reference materials and regulations that influence global standardization of medical laboratory testing results
Authors: Miller W. Greg , Myers Gary , Cobbaert Christa M. , Young Ian S. , Theodorsson Elvar , Wielgosz Robert I. , Westwood Steven , Maniguet Stephanie , Gillery Philippe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Standardized results for laboratory tests are particularly important when their interpretation depends on fixed medical practice guidelines or common reference intervals. The medical laboratory community has developed a roadmap for an infrastructure to achieve standardized test results described in the International Organization for Standardization standard 17511:2020 In vitro diagnostic medical devices – Requirements for establishing metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators, trueness control materials and human samples. Among the challenges to implementing metrological traceability are the availability of fit-for-purpose matrix-based certified reference materials (CRMs) and requirements for regulatory review that differ among countries. A workshop in December 2021 focused on these two challenges and developed recommendations for improved practices.

Discussion
The participants agreed that prioritization of measurands for standardization should be based on their impact on medical decisions in a clinical pathway. Ensuring that matrix-based CRMs are globally available for more measurands will enable fit-for-purpose calibration hierarchies for more laboratory tests. Regulation of laboratory tests is important to ensure safety and effectiveness for the populations served. Because regulations are country or region specific, manufacturers must submit recalibration changes intended to standardize results for regulatory review to all areas in which a measuring system is marketed.

Recommendations
A standardization initiative requires collaboration and planning among all interested stakeholders. Global collaboration should be further developed for prioritization of measurands for standardization, and for coordinating the production and supply of CRMs worldwide. More uniform regulatory submission requirements are desirable when recalibration is implemented to achieve internationally standardized results.
Study on the effect of micro-shrinkage porosity on the ultra-low temperature toughness of ferritic ductile iron
Authors: Chen Shuying , Li Qingchun , Sun Ming , Song Jiajian , Sun Haiqing , Chang Guowei 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, the ductile iron ingots are cast using a metal mold, and the riser neck diameter is changed to control the micro-shrinkage porosity, which can affect the ultra-low temperature toughness of ferritic ductile iron. The metallographic structure and micro-shrinkage porosity were observed by an Axiovert200 MAT measurer metallographic microscope and an MLA 250 (FEI quanta) scanning electron microscope, and the number and diameter of graphite nodules and micro-shrinkage porosity size were measured by Nano Measurer 1.2 software. The effect of micro-shrinkage porosity on the ultra-low temperature toughness of ferritic ductile iron was studied. It is found that the impact energy of ductile iron decreases with the increase of micro-shrinkage porosity size, and the influence of micro-shrinkage porosity is more obvious with the decrease of temperature. The results point out that the micro-shrinkage porosity becomes the key factor affecting the ultra-low temperature impact toughness of ductile iron when the spheroidization rate of ferritic ductile iron is greater than 98% and the number of graphite nodules is more than 810 mm−2. The impact energy of ferritic ductile iron can still reach more than 12 J at −70°C when the length of micro-shrinkage porosity is less than 3.7 μm.
A new self-adaptive inertial CQ-algorithm for solving convex feasibility and monotone inclusion problems
Authors: Enyi Cyril D. , Iyiola Olaniyi S. , Ezea Chinedu G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Using a dynamical step size technique, a new self-adaptive CQ-algorithm is proposed in the presence of an inertial term to find the solution of convex feasibility problem and monotone inclusion problem involving a finite number of maximal monotone set valued operators. To do this, in certain Banach spaces, we construct an algorithm which converges to the fixed point of right Bregman strongly nonexpansive mappings and coincidentally solves the convex feasibility and monotone inclusion problems. Strong convergence of the algorithm is achieved without computation of the associated operator norms. Interesting numerical examples which illustrate the implementation and efficiency of our scheme are also given. Results obtained via this work improve and extend on previous results of its kind, in the literature.
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may alter the half-life of desmopressin (DDAVP) in patients with central diabetes insipidus
Authors: Dubinski Ilja , Bechtold-Dalla Pozza Susanne , Schmidt Heinrich 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present a 9-year-old boy with diabetes insipidus. The boy is treated with desmopressin (DDAVP) therapy. Under this therapy, the drinking quantity and the laboratory parameters were normal. No nocturia occurred any more. In the context of a clinically mild infection with SARS-CoV-2, the duration of action of DDAVP was significantly prolonged (approximately +50%). The original dosage was then reintroduced and was still sufficient until months later. A possible connection to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 can be suspected. Our case report should make physicians who care for patients with diabetes insipidus aware of such a possible prolongation of the effect of DDAVP. More frequent monitoring may be needed in such patients to assess the risk of symptomatic dilutional hyponatremia.
Analysis of pure nanofluid (GO/engine oil) and hybrid nanofluid (GO–Fe3O4/engine oil): Novel thermal and magnetic features
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Ali Kashif , Ashraf Muhammad , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed , Aziz ElSeabee Fayza Abdel , Tag El Din El Sayed M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hybrid nanofluids can provide better physical strength, thermal conductivity, and mechanical resistance in many thermodynamic systems than pure nanofluids. To establish the novel results, using superior types of hybrid nanoparticles like graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) is the main focus of recent work. This study investigates the innovative thermal and magnetic features of both pure nanofluid GO/engine oil (EO) and hybrid nanofluid GO–Fe3O4
/EO under the simultaneous effects of induced as well as applied magnetic field. The chemical reaction phenomenon together with activation energy has also been taken into account. A novel algorithm based on order reduction and finite difference discretization is developed in order to numerically treat the problem. The efficiency of the code is appraised by a numerical comparison which is found to be in a good correlation with the existing results. From the consequences of this study, it is deduced that the reduction in induced magnetic field and fluid’s velocity (in case of either pure or hybrid nanofluid) is associated with the enlarging values of magnetic Prandtl number and induced magnetic field parameter. Further, activation energy is responsible for enhancement in concentration. The hybrid nano-composition of GO–Fe3O4/EO can provide the thermal stability, prevent the corrosion and make the liquid to stay in high temperature.
SEPTICEMIA NEONATAL EM CÃO CAUSADA POR Streptococcus canis
Authors: Cerqueira Silva-Mariano Luísa , Galiza Xavier-Fialho Aline , Berselli Michele , Regina Ladeira Silvia , Gevehr Fernandes Cristina , Borelli Grecco Fabiane , Sérgio Varela Júnior Antônio , Dahl Corcini Carine 
Published: October 2022

A mortalidade neonatal de cães leva a perdas econômicas e afetivas. Na primeira semana de vida, os filhotes são mais suscetíveis a infecções porque não possuem sistema imunológico e microflora satisfatórios. A identificação da etiologia da morte fetal e neonatal depende do exame histopatológico e identificação de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de septicemia causada por Streptococcus canis em um neonato canino de quatro dias, enviado para exame de necropsia. O veterinário responsável relatou que o canino apresentava apatia, vocalizações e aumento do volume abdominal. Na necropsia, o canino apresentava persistência da veia umbilical, extensas áreas esbranquiçadas e friáveis no fígado, aumento do volume do estômago, contendo grande quantidade de gás no seu interior, e intestinos com presença de gases e avermelhamento do hemisfério cerebral direito. O exame histopatológico demonstrou extensas áreas multifocais de necrose hepática com inúmeras bactérias, por vezes presentes no interior de vasos sanguíneos (embolia bacteriana), além de encefalite discreta. Em amostras de tecido para cultura bacteriana, a bactéria S. canis foi isolada. O cuidado neonatal precoce é essencial para reduzir as perdas e combater as principais vulnerabilidades do neonato canino, que consiste em baixa termorregulação, risco de desidratação, hipoglicemia e imaturidade imunológica. Em vista de uma abordagem terapêutica correta para reduzir a mortalidade neonatal, o exame post mortem se torna uma ferramenta importante para identificar os possíveis agentes causadores, sejam eles virais, bacterianos ou outras patologias que vão além da tríade neonatal. O S. canis está associado a infecções esporádicas e oportunistas em cães.
ACHADOS PARASITOLÓGICOS EM GAVIÃO-CARIJÓ (Rupornis magnirostris) (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) NO PAMPA GAÚCHO – URUGUAIANA, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Somavilla Lignon Julia , Souza Junior Paulo , Candiota Souza Erick , Gonzalez Monteiro Silvia , Moscarelli Pinto Diego 
Published: October 2022

O gavião-carijó (Rupornis magnirostris) pertence à ordem Accipitriformes e possui grande distribuição pela América, principalmente a América do Sul. Assim como outras aves de rapina, tem papel ecológico indispensável na manutenção do equilíbrio da fauna da região onde vivem. São hospedeiras de uma variedade de parasitos, mas há poucos estudos no Brasil. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e relatar os espécimes de parasitos achados em um gavião-carijó (R. magnirostris) encontrado na cidade de Uruguaiana, RS, Brasil e encaminhado ao laboratório do Grupo de Estudos em Enfermidades Parasitárias (GEEP). Os espécimes parasitários que estavam localizados no intestino foram identificados e montados em lâminas. As fêmeas dos parasitos foram maceradas para obtenção e identificação dos ovos. Foram identificados os gêneros e espécies Porrocaecum (n=3) (Nematoda, Ascarididae), Centrorhynchus tumidulus (n=36) (Acantocephala, Centrorhynchidae) e Platynosomum illiciens (n=8) (Platyhelminthes, Dicrocoeliidae) ocorrendo pela primeira vez em gavião-carijó (R. magnirostris) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Object Boundary Detection in Natural Images May Depend on “Incitatory” Cell–Cell Interactions
Authors: Mel Gabriel C. , Ramachandra Chaithanya A. , Mel Bartlett W. 
Published: October 2022

Detecting object boundaries is crucial for recognition, but how the process unfolds in visual cortex remains unknown. To study the problem faced by a hypothetical boundary cell, and to predict how cortical circuitry could produce a boundary cell from a population of conventional “simple cells,” we labeled 30,000 natural image patches and used Bayes' rule to help determine how a simple cell should influence a nearby boundary cell depending on its relative offset in receptive field position and orientation. We identified the following three basic types of cell–cell interactions: rising and falling interactions with a range of slopes and saturation rates, and nonmonotonic (bump-shaped) interactions with varying modes and amplitudes. Using simple models, we show that a ubiquitous cortical circuit motif consisting of direct excitation and indirect inhibition—a compound effect we call “incitation”—can produce the entire spectrum of simple cell–boundary cell interactions found in our dataset. Moreover, we show that the synaptic weights that parameterize an incitation circuit can be learned by a single-layer “delta” rule. We conclude that incitatory interconnections are a generally useful computing mechanism that the cortex may exploit to help solve difficult natural classification problems.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSimple cells in primary visual cortex (V1) respond to oriented edges and have long been supposed to detect object boundaries, yet the prevailing model of a simple cell—a divisively normalized linear filter—is a surprisingly poor natural boundary detector. To understand why, we analyzed image statistics on and off object boundaries, allowing us to characterize the neural-style computations needed to perform well at this difficult natural classification task. We show that a simple circuit motif known to exist in V1 is capable of extracting high-quality boundary probability signals from local populations of simple cells. Our findings suggest a new, more general way of conceptualizing cell–cell interconnections in the cortex.
Cryo‐EM structure of the human NKCC1 transporter reveals mechanisms of ion coupling and specificity
Authors: Neumann Caroline , Rosenbæk Lena Lindtoft , Flygaard Rasmus Kock , Habeck Michael , Karlsen Jesper Lykkegaard , Wang Yong , Lindorff‐Larsen Kresten , Gad Hans Henrik , Hartmann Rune , Lyons Joseph Anthony , Fenton Robert A , Nissen Poul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sodium–potassium–chloride transporter NKCC1 of the SLC12 family performs Na+‐dependent Cl−‐ and K+‐ion uptake across plasma membranes. NKCC1 is important for regulating cell volume, hearing, blood pressure, and regulation of hyperpolarizing GABAergic and glycinergic signaling in the central nervous system. Here, we present a 2.6 Å resolution cryo‐electron microscopy structure of human NKCC1 in the substrate‐loaded (Na+, K+, and 2 Cl−) and occluded, inward‐facing state that has also been observed for the SLC6‐type transporters MhsT and LeuT. Cl− binding at the Cl1 site together with the nearby K+ ion provides a crucial bridge between the LeuT‐fold scaffold and bundle domains. Cl−‐ion binding at the Cl2 site seems to undertake a structural role similar to conserved glutamate of SLC6 transporters and may allow for Cl−‐sensitive regulation of transport. Supported by functional studies in mammalian cells and computational simulations, we describe a putative Na+ release pathway along transmembrane helix 5 coupled to the Cl2 site. The results provide insight into the structure–function relationship of NKCC1 with broader implications for other SLC12 family members.
11-Oxygenated androgens are not secreted by the human ovary: in-vivo data from four different cases of hyperandrogenism
Authors: Auer Matthias K , Hawley James M , Lottspeich Christian , Bidlingmaier Martin , Sappl Andrea , Nowotny Hanna F , Tschaidse Lea , Treitl Marcus , Reincke Martin , Keevil Brian G , Reisch Nicole 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
Differentiation of an adrenal from an ovarian source of hyperandrogenemia can be challenging. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of 11-oxygenated C19 steroids to the androgen pool in humans. The aim of this study was to confirm the origin of 11-oxygenated androgens in females and to explore their potential use in the diagnostics of hyperandrogenic disorders.

Methods
We measured testosterone and its precursors (dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and androstenedione) and 11-oxygenated androgens (11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OHA4) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)) in the periphery, adrenal and ovarian veins in four different cases of hyperandrogenism in females (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor and ovarian steroid cell tumor).

Results
Two patients demonstrate excessive testosterone secretion in neoplastic ovarian tumors which was not paralleled by a significant secretion of 11-oxygenated androgens as determined by adrenal and ovarian vein sampling. In androgen-secreting bilateral adrenal macronodular hyperplasia, steroid profiles were characterized by elevated 11-KT and 11-OHA4 concentrations in adrenal veins and the periphery. In the patient with PCOS, peripheral 11-KT concentrations were slightly elevated in comparison to the other patients, but the 11-KT and 11-OHA4 concentrations were comparable in ovarian veins and in the periphery.

Conclusion
This study confirms that 11-OHA4 and 11-KT are not biosynthesized by the ovary. We propose that the testosterone/11-KT ratio as well as 11-OHA4 could help identify predominant adrenal androgen excess and distinguish neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian androgen source.

Significance statement
This study confirms that 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OHA4) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) are not biosynthesized by the human ovary. We propose that the testosterone/11-KT ratio as well as 11-OHA4 could help to identify predominant adrenal androgen excess and distinguish neoplastic and non-neoplastic ovarian androgen source.