bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioorthogonal Click of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles to Antibodies In vivo
Authors: Poulie Christian B. M. , Sporer Emanuel , Hvass Lars , Jørgensen Jesper T. , Kempen Paul J. , Lopes van den Broek Sara I. , Shalgunov Vladimir , Kjaer Andreas , Jensen Andreas I. , Herth Matthias M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCombining nanotechnology and bioorthogonal chemistry for theranostic strategies offers the possibility to develop next generation nanomedicines. These materials are thought to increase therapeutic outcome and improve current cancer management. Due to their size, nanomedicines target tumors passively. Thus, they can be used for drug delivery purposes. Bioorthogonal chemistry allows for a pretargeting approach. Higher target‐to‐background drug accumulation ratios can be achieved. Pretargeting can also be used to induce internalization processes or trigger controlled drug release. Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted widespread interest as drug delivery vectors within the last decades. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the possibility to successfully ligate AuNPs in vivo to pretargeted monoclonal antibodies. We believe that this possibility will facilitate the development of AuNPs for clinical use and ultimately, improve state‐of‐the‐art patient care.
Effects of skin‐to‐skin contact on full‐term infants’ stress reactivity and quality of mother–infant interactions
Authors: Rheinheimer Nicole , Beijers Roseriet , Cooijmans Kelly H. M. , Brett Bonnie E. , de Weerth Carolina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSkin‐to‐skin contact (SSC) between mothers and their infants has beneficial effects in both preterm and full‐term infants. Underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This randomized controlled trial assessed whether daily SSC in full‐term mother–infant dyads: (1) decreases infants’ cortisol and behavioral reactivity to a mild naturalistic stressor, and (2) facilitates interaction quality between infants and mothers (i.e., improved maternal caregiving behavior and mother–infant adrenocortical synchrony). Pregnant Dutch women (N = 116) were recruited and randomly allocated to an SSC or care‐as‐usual condition. The SSC condition performed 1 h of SSC daily, from birth until postnatal week 5. In week 5, mothers bathed the infant (known mild stressor). Infant and maternal cortisol was sampled at baseline, 25 and 40 min after bathing, and infant and maternal behavior was rated. Results did not indicate effects of SSC on infant behavioral and cortisol reactivity to the bathing session. Similarly, no effect of SSC was found on maternal caregiving behavior and mother–infant adrenocortical synchrony. In conclusion, the findings provide no evidence that daily mother–infant SSC is associated with full‐term infants’ behavioral and adrenocortical stress reactivity or mother–infant interaction quality. Future studies should replicate these findings and unveil other potential mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of SSC.
Screening instruments for eating disorders in pregnancy: Current evidence, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Dörsam Annica Franziska , Bye Amanda , Graf Johanna , Howard Louise M. , Throm Jana Katharina , Müller Mitho , Wallwiener Stephanie , Zipfel Stephan , Micali Nadia , Giel Katrin Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPregnancy is a vulnerable period for eating disorder (ED) occurrence and maternal EDs are associated with heightened risk of adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. This highlights the need to identify pregnant women with past or current EDs in order to offer appropriate support. However, there is a knowledge and practice gap on screening pregnant women for EDs. Clinical guidance is lacking in international treatment guidelines, which is unsurprising given that no validated ED screening tool specifically designed for use in antenatal populations exists. Moreover, data on the effectiveness of general population screening tools for identifying EDs in pregnant women are scarce. This article provides a synthesis of current evidence, treatment guidelines, and data on the diagnostic accuracy for screening for EDs in antenatal samples from three studies with different screening approaches. We outline recommendations for future steps to tackle the knowledge and practice gap on screening for EDs in pregnant women, including next steps for the development of a pregnancy‐specific ED screener and the use of general mental health screeners to detect EDs during pregnancy. Up‐to‐date, the jury is still out as how to best identify current or past EDs in pregnancy. More research is needed to assess the efficacy of using general mental health screeners versus ED‐specific screening instruments to detect ED in pregnancy. Additionally, clinicians have to be trained on how to assess and manage EDs during pregnancy.Public SignificanceIdentifying pregnant women with eating disorders (EDs) is a public health concern which can be addressed using multiple approaches, including implementation of general and specific assessments within routine antenatal care, and training of healthcare professionals.
Bighorn sheep show similar in‐host responses to the same pathogen strain in two contrasting environments
Authors: Manlove Kezia R. , Roug Annette , Sinclair Kylie , Ricci Lauren E. , Hersey Kent R. , Martinez Cameron , Martinez Michael A. , Mower Kerry , Ortega Talisa , Rominger Eric , Ruhl Caitlin , Tatman Nicole , Taylor Jace 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEcological context—the biotic and abiotic environment, along with its influence on population mixing dynamics and individual susceptibility—is thought to have major bearing on epidemic outcomes. However, direct comparisons of wildlife disease events in contrasting ecological contexts are often confounded by concurrent differences in host genetics, exposure histories, or pathogen strains. Here, we compare disease dynamics of a Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae spillover event that affected bighorn sheep populations in two contrasting ecological contexts. One event occurred on the herd's home range near the Rio Grande Gorge in New Mexico, while the other occurred in a captive facility at Hardware Ranch in Utah. While data collection regimens varied, general patterns of antibody signal strength and symptom emergence were conserved between the two sites. Symptoms appeared in the captive setting an average of 12.9 days postexposure, average time to seroconversion was 24.9 days, and clinical signs peaked at approximately 36 days postinfection. These patterns were consistent with serological testing and subsequent declines in symptom intensity in the free‐ranging herd. At the captive site, older animals exhibited more severe declines in body condition and loin thickness, higher symptom burdens, and slower antibody response to the pathogen than younger animals. Younger animals were more likely than older animals to clear infection by the time of sampling at both sites. The patterns presented here suggest that environment may not be a major determinant of epidemiological outcomes in the bighorn sheep—M. ovipneumoniae system, elevating the possibility that host‐ or pathogen‐factors may be responsible for observed variation.
Automatic auditory processing features in distinct subtypes of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis: Forecasting remission with mismatch negativity
Authors: Wu GuiSen , Tang XiaoChen , Gan RanPiao , Zeng JiaHui , Hu YeGang , Xu LiHua , Wei YanYan , Tang YingYing , Chen Tao , Liu HaiChun , Li ChunBo , Wang JiJun , Zhang TianHong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndividuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis exhibit a compromised mismatch negativity (MMN) response, which indicates dysfunction of pre‐attentive deviance processing. Event‐related potential and time‐frequency (TF) information, in combination with clinical and cognitive profiles, may provide insight into the pathophysiology and psychopathology of the CHR stage and predict the prognosis of CHR individuals. A total of 92 individuals with CHR were recruited and followed up regularly for up to 3 years. Individuals with CHR were classified into three clinical subtypes demonstrated previously, specifically 28 from Cluster 1 (characterized by extensive negative symptoms and cognitive deficits), 31 from Cluster 2 (characterized by thought and behavioral disorganization, with moderate cognitive impairment), and 33 from Cluster 3 (characterized by the mildest symptoms and cognitive deficits). Auditory MMN to frequency and duration deviants was assessed. The event‐related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter‐trial coherence (ITC) were acquired using TF analysis. Predictive indices for remission were identified using logistic regression analyses. As expected, reduced frequency MMN (fMMN) and duration MMN (dMMN) responses were noted in Cluster 1 relative to the other two clusters. In the TF analysis, Cluster 1 showed decreased theta and alpha ITC in response to deviant stimuli. The regression analyses revealed that dMMN latency and alpha ERSP to duration deviants, theta ITC to frequency deviants and alpha ERSP to frequency deviants, and fMMN latency were significant MMN predictors of remission for the three clusters. MMN variables outperformed behavioral variables in predicting remission of Clusters 1 and 2. Our findings indicate relatively disrupted automatic auditory processing in a certain CHR subtype and a close affinity between these electrophysiological indexes and clinical profiles within different clusters. Furthermore, MMN indexes may serve as predictors of subsequent remission from the CHR state. These findings suggest that the auditory MMN response is a potential neurophysiological marker for distinct clinical subtypes of CHR.
Emotional and social cognitive predictors of sexual risk indicators among adolescents in committed and noncommitted partnerships
Authors: Cadely Hans Saint‐Eloi , Spears Erica , Finnegan Vanessa , Kerpelman Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the risks of casual sexual partnerships during adolescence despite many adolescents having sex within noncommitted relationships. We applied theories of adult attachment, planned behavior, and problem behavior to examine emotional and social cognitive predictors of variability in sexual risk indicators among adolescents in committed and noncommitted partnerships.MethodData were drawn from 801 adolescents (53.6% females; aged 14–20 years (M = 16.25)) living in a southern state in the United States.ResultsFindings showed that healthy sex attitudes were related to knowing one's sexual partner longer; this association was stronger for females, particularly those in noncommitted sexual partnerships. Additionally, healthy sex attitudes predicted fewer sexual partners across adolescents, except for male adolescents in noncommitted sexual partnerships. Romantic attachment insecurity and constraining relationship beliefs had different associations with sexual risk indicators according to gender and relationship status.ConclusionFindings contribute to the current understanding of risks associated with adolescents' sexual engagement and offer insights into adolescents' casual sexual partnerships.
A novel sandwich structure ACF/CC@FeOCl as bifunctional cathode for efficient mineralization of trimethoprim in the heterogeneous electro‐Fenton process over a wide pH range
Authors: Song Yongjun , Wang Aimin , Ren Songyu , Zhang Yanyu , Wen Zhenjun , Zhang Zhongguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt would be highly advantageous to develop a heterogeneous electro‐Fenton (HEF) system in which the catalyst is fixed to recycle easily and the electrode itself can produce and activate H2O2 simultaneously. In this study, a new sandwich‐like bifunctional cathode using carbon cloth (CC) loaded with FeOCl nanoparticles and activated carbon fiber (ACF) was fabricated and used in the HEF process for the degradation of antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP).RESULTSExperimental results showed that the activated carbon fiber and FeOCl‐modified carbon cloth cathode (ACF/CC@FeOCl) exhibited a promising catalytic performance to reduce O2 to generate H2O2 on the surface of ACF and activate H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) at the active sites of FeOCl nanoparticles, thus enabling a rapid TMP degradation in a wide pH range (3–9). Various influencing factors, such as applied cathodic current, pH and TMP concentration, were investigated, and the optimal condition was found at 0.36 A, pH 3.0, and 100 mg L−1 TMP, where 99.7% TMP was degraded within 90 min and 74.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed within 360 min. Under the condition of 0.36 A and initial pH 6.8, 100 mg L−1 TMP was completely degraded within 120 min and the mineralization efficiency could achieve 61.5% within 360 min. The coumarin fluorescence probing technique and radical quenching experiments revealed that •OH was the predominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ACF/CC@FeOCl‐HEF process.CONCLUSIONThe reusability and stability tests showed that the ACF/CC@FeOCl cathode has excellent performance and good stability, and this is very promising for the efficient degradation of refractory organic pollutants in the HEF process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Morphology and phylogenetic significance of the thoracic muscles in Psocodea (Insecta: Paraneoptera)
Authors: Kawata Azuma , Ogawa Naoki , Yoshizawa Kazunori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe thoracic musculature of the insect order Psocodea has been examined in only a few species of a single suborder to date. In the present study, we examined the thoracic musculature of species selected from all three suborders of Psocodea to elucidate the ground plan of the order and to examine the phylogenetic utility of the character system. The sister‐group relationship between the suborders Troctomorpha and Psocomorpha received support from two novel nonhomoplasious synapomorphies, although the support from other morphological characters for this relationship is ambiguous. The sister‐group relationship between the infraorders Epipsocetae and Psocetae also received support from one nonhomoplasious synapomorphy, although no other morphological characters supporting this relationship have been identified to date. The present examination revealed the potential of thoracic muscle characters for estimating deep phylogeny, possibly including interordinal relationships.
The mouthparts of the adult dragonfly Anax imperator (Insecta: Odonata), functional morphology and feeding kinematics
Authors: Josten Benedikt , Gorb Stanislav N. , Büsse Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInsects evolved differently specialized mouthparts. We study the mouthparts of adult Anax imperator, one of the largest odonates found in Central Europe. Like all adult dragonflies, A. imperator possesses carnivorous‐type of biting‐chewing mouthparts. To gain insights into the feeding process, behavior and kinematics, living specimens were filmed during feeding using synchronized high‐speed videography. Additionally, the maximum angles of movement were measured using a measuring microscope and combined with data from micro‐computed tomography. The resulting visualizations of the 3D‐geometry of each mouthpart were used to study their anatomy and complement the existing descriptive knowledge of muscles in A. imperator to date. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy‐projections allow for estimation of differences in the material composition of the mouthparts' cuticle. By combining all methods, we analyze possible functions and underlying biomechanics of each mouthpart. We also analyzed the concerted movements of the mouthparts; unique behavior of the mouthparts during feeding is active participation by the labrum and distinct movement by the maxillary laciniae. We aim to elucidate the complex movements of the mouthparts and their functioning by combining detailed information on (1) in vivo movement behavior (supplemented with physiological angle approximations), (2) movement ability provided by morphology (morphological movement angles), (3) 3D‐anatomy, and (4) cuticle composition estimates.
Purification, biochemical characterization, and DPP‐IV and α‐amylase inhibitory activity of Berberine from Cardiospermum halicacabum
Authors: Naik Sanjay , Deora Neha , Pal Sudhir Kumar , Ahmed Mohammad Z. , Alqahtani Ali S. , Shukla Prakash Kumar , Venkatraman Krishnan , Kumar Sanjit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) has spread across the globe, increasing the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other comorbidities. Despite substantial research into the development of diabetic treatments that are effective in lowering blood glucose levels, their efficiency is short‐lived due to unpleasant side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. The discovery of secondary metabolites in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications has an incentive to take interest in plant‐based medications, and enzyme inhibitors have the potential to aid in the treatment and management of DM. This study aims to isolate, characterize, and analyse the influence of berberine‐like alkaloids from alcoholic Cardiospermum halicacabum extract in vitro and in silico, as a possible inhibitor of Dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) and α‐amylase, two essential enzymes involved in diabetes. The alkaloid from C. halicacabum was identified as berberine, with an m/z of 336.1263. Purified berberine inhibits DPP‐IV with an IC50 of 16.328 ± 1.344 μM and inhibits α‐amylase by 72% at 10 μg/mL. In‐silico studies demonstrated that berberine was found to bind to the active site of both DPP‐IV and α‐amylase. The precise mechanism underlying the observation has to be researched further in order to investigate C. halicacabum's anti‐diabetic effects and argue for its possible application as alternative medicine.
Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Impairment: Evidence From Neuroimaging
Authors: Cui Ying , Tang Tian‐Yu , Lu Chun‐Qiang , Ju Shenghong 
Published: July 2022

Insulin is a peptide well known for its role in regulating glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Emerging evidence from human and animal studies indicate the multifactorial role of insulin in the brain, such as neuronal and glial metabolism, glucose regulation, and cognitive processes. Insulin resistance (IR), defined as reduced sensitivity to the action of insulin, has been consistently proposed as an important risk factor for developing neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Although the exact mechanism of IR‐related cognitive impairment still awaits further elucidation, neuroimaging offers a versatile set of novel contrasts to reveal the subtle cerebral abnormalities in IR. These imaging contrasts, including but not limited to brain volume, white matter (WM) microstructure, neural function and brain metabolism, are expected to unravel the nature of the link between IR, cognitive decline, and brain abnormalities, and their changes over time. This review summarizes the current neuroimaging studies with multiparametric techniques, focusing on the cerebral abnormalities related to IR and therapeutic effects of IR‐targeting treatments. According to the results, brain regions associated with IR pathophysiology include the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, prefrontal lobe, cingulate cortex, precuneus, occipital lobe, and the WM tracts across the globe. Of these, alterations in the temporal lobe are highly reproducible across different imaging modalities. These structures have been known to be vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and are critical in cognitive processes such as memory and executive functioning. Comparing to asymptomatic subjects, results are more mixed in patients with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, which might be attributed to a multifactorial mechanism. Taken together, neuroimaging, especially MRI, is beneficial to reveal early abnormalities in cerebral structure and function in insulin‐resistant brain, providing important evidence to unravel the underlying neuronal substrate that reflects the cognitive decline in IR.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 2
Change in willingness to COVID‐19 vaccination in China: Two online surveys during the pandemic
Authors: Huang Ninghua , Wang Chao , Han Bingfeng , Zhao Tianshuo , Liu Bei , Chen Linyi , Xie Mingzhu , Zheng Hui , Zhang Sihui , Wang Yu , Juan Du , Liu YaQiong , Lu QingBin , Cui Fuqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveAs the variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) continue to emerge, periodic vaccine booster immunization may become a normal policy. This study investigated the changes and factors associated with vaccination intentions in various epidemic situations, which can provide suggestions for the construction and modification of routine vaccination program strategies.MethodsTwo cross‐sectional online surveys were conducted in January and June of 2021. The willingness and confidence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination were measured following propensity score matching (PSM) treatment. The difference in the willingness for COVID‐19 Vaccination in the two surveys was analyzed by single or multi‐factor analyses.ResultsThe willingness to accept the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine was higher in the second survey than that in the first survey (90.5% vs. 66.6%, p < 0.001). Concerns about the vaccine's safety declined (71.0% vs. 47.6%, p < 0.001), but concerns about the efficacy increased (22.4% vs. 30.9%, p < 0.001). Confidence in the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine had an important impact on the increased uptake willingness (odds ratio = 3.19, 95% confidence interval: 2.23–4.58, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThere has been a significant increase in attitudes towards the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine which was associated with higher vaccine confidence. Vaccine effectiveness received more concerns from respondents rather than safety after nearly 6 months' utilization of the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine. It indicates that aggressive communication and timely disclosure of vaccine data can build vaccine confidence.
Differential avidity determination of IgG directed towards the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type and its variants in one assay: Rational tool for the assessment of protective immunity
Authors: Bauer Georg , Struck Friedhelm , Staschik Eva , Maile Julia , Wochinz‐Richter Karin , Motz Manfred , Soutschek Erwin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe avidity (binding strength) of IgG directed towards the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of spike protein has been recognized as a central marker in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) serology. It seems to be linked to increased infection‐neutralization potential and therefore might indicate protective immunity. Using a prototype line assay based on the established recomLine SARS‐CoV‐2 assay, supplemented with RBD of the delta and the omicron variant, differential avidity determination of IgG directed towards RBD of wild‐type (WT) SARS‐CoV‐2 and distinct variants was possible within one assay. Our data confirm that natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or one vaccination step lead to low avidity IgG, whereas further vaccination steps gradually increase avidity to high values. High avidity is not reached by infection alone. After infection with WT SARS‐CoV‐2 or vaccination based on mRNA WT, the avidity of cross‐reacting IgG directed towards RBD of the delta variant only showed marginal differences compared to IgG directed towards RBD WT. In contrast, the avidity of IgG cross‐reacting with RBD of the omicron variant was always much lower than for IgG RBD WT, except after the third vaccination step. Therefore, parallel avidity testing of RBD WT and omicron seems to be mandatory for a significant assessment of protective immunity towards SARS‐CoV‐2.