bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring a Patient's understanding of their prognosis: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Rosenfeld Barry , Walsh Leah E. , Zhu Danqi , Cham Heining , Polacek Laura C. , Duva Melissa M. , Applebaum Allison J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with cancer across the illness trajectory, treatment decisions are often influenced by one's perception of their prognosis (i.e., curability of disease, life expectancy, quality of life). However, research on how patients understand their prognosis (i.e., prognostic understanding) has been limited by simplistic measurement tools that fail to capture the complexity of the construct. This study describes the initial development of a measure of prognostic understanding: the Prognostic Understanding Perceptions Scale (PUPS) for use in patients with advanced cancer.MethodAn initial pool of 16 candidate items were developed through semi‐structured interviews with 15 experts (oncology, psycho‐oncology and palliative care professionals) and 30 advanced cancer patients. We investigated the dimensionality, internal item structure, item difficulty and item discrimination of the item pool using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT) analyses. Convergent and divergent validity were based on correlations between PUPS, terminal illness acknowledgement, and self‐report measures of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and death acceptance.ResultsThe final measure was comprised of nine items encompassing three factors (perceived curability, illness trajectory, treatment options), yielding strong psychometric properties.ConclusionThese results provide preliminarily support for PUPS as a multifaceted measure of prognostic understanding developed for use in patients with advanced cancer. Preliminary findings also highlight the potential utility of the PUPS for clinical settings, as a means of enhancing communication between patients and physicians.
The analysis of thecircRNAsin the progress of acquired resistance to Cetuximab
Authors: Yin Liping , Jing Changwen , Guo Yesong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe established a Cetuximab‐resistant cell lines by high‐dose pulse method and searched for differentially expressed circular RNAs by RNA sequencing. Hundreds of circRNAs were altered between sensitive and resistant cells. Next, we chose six notably differential circRNAs and conducted quantitative real‐time PCR by specific primers. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that differentially expressed circular RNAs are enriched in some tumor‐related pathways, such as tumor transcription regulation, metabolism, PI3K‐Akt, mTOR, and other signaling pathways. Our results explored differentially expressed circular RNAs associated with Cetuximab to find new targets for Cetuximab resistance therapy.
Predicting molecular properties of α‐synuclein using force fields for intrinsically disordered proteins
Authors: Pedersen Kasper B. , Flores‐Canales Jose C. , Schiøtt Birgit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndependent force field validation is an essential practice to keep track of developments and for performing meaningful Molecular Dynamics simulations. In this work, atomistic force fields for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are tested by simulating the archetypical IDP α‐synuclein in solution for 2.5 μs. Four combinations of protein and water force fields were tested: ff19SB/OPC, ff19SB/TIP4P‐D, ff03CMAP/TIP4P‐D, and a99SB‐disp/TIP4P‐disp, with four independent repeat simulations for each combination. We compare our simulations to the results of a 73 μs simulation using the a99SB‐disp/TIP4P‐disp combination, provided by D. E. Shaw Research. From the trajectories, we predict a range of experimental observations of α‐synuclein and compare them to literature data. This includes protein radius of gyration and hydration, intramolecular distances, NMR chemical shifts, and 3J‐couplings. Both ff19SB/TIP4P‐D and a99SB‐disp/TIP4P‐disp produce extended conformational ensembles of α‐synuclein that agree well with experimental radius of gyration and intramolecular distances while a99SB‐disp/TIP4P‐disp reproduces a balanced α‐synuclein secondary structure content. It was found that ff19SB/OPC and ff03CMAP/TIP4P‐D produce overly compact conformational ensembles and show discrepancies in the secondary structure content compared to the experimental data.
Mediastinal melioidosis: A case series from far North Queensland
Authors: Gadsby Bree‐Anna , Oaten Andrew , Davies Phoebe , Simpson Graham , Vincent Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMelioidosis is the clinical disease caused by the Gram‐negative bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei and is endemic to Northern Australia and Southeast Asia. It is commonly referred to as the ‘great mimicker’ because of its wide range of clinical presentations, often making diagnosis challenging. Isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy as the presenting feature of melioidosis is rare and can be indistinguishable from tuberculosis or malignancy. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is the preferred technique for evaluating undifferentiated mediastinal lymphadenopathy but its role in the diagnosis of mediastinal melioidosis remains sparsely reported in the literature. In this case series, we present four cases of mediastinal melioidosis, and the role that EBUS guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) played in the diagnosis and management.
Monte‐Carlo‐based simulation study of ion‐implantation in gallium oxide devices
Authors: Kachhawa Pharyanshu , Chaturvedi Nidhi 
Published: August 2022

A computational study is done to carry out ion implantation for isolation in gallium oxide based devices using SRIM‐2013 simulation tool. In this paper, deep acceptors for gallium oxide like Mg‐ and N‐based implantation results and damage physics are discussed. Displacement per atoms (DPA)‐based calculation is done to compare damage analysis for N and Mg ion implantation at 50 KeV beam energy. DPA calculations show that Mg generates more damages and vacancies to target gallium oxide with compared to N ion implantation. Furthermore, ion implantation doses are also calculated for isolation of 300 nm target depth of gallium oxide. Multiple energy ion‐ implantation for nitrogen (35/70/140 KeV) and for magnesium (50/100/165 KeV) in the gallium oxide target is simulated. Lighter ion nitrogen results into more ionization of gallium oxide compared to heavier magnesium ions for the same projected range. Simulation results show that a total energy of 142 KeV (57.96%) of nitrogen ion is lost during ionization process, whereas, for magnesium ion, the total energy loss is 89.49 KeV (28.41%) during ionization.
Poly (o‐anisidine) Encapsulated K2ZrO3 Nano‐core based Gelatin Nano Composites: Investigations of Optical, Thermal, Microcrystalline and Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Hanumaiah Anupama Bommalapura , AL‐Gunaid Murad Q. A. , Shivanna Shasikala Badaga , Theranya Ereppa Somesh , Kavya Rajanna , Hatna Siddaramaiah Basavarajaiah , Sangameshwara Madhukar Beejaganahalli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of Gelatin/poly‐o‐anisidine coated K2ZrO3 polymer nanocomposite were fabricated by varying the poly‐o‐anisidine (POA) coated K2ZrO3 viz 0, 1, 2, and 4 wt% using the solvent casting method. From High‐resolution transition electron microscopy (HRTEM) results it is cleared that the average size of the prepared nanoparticles and polymer coated nanoparticles are around 18–20 and 95–100 nm respectively, and the polymer coated nanoparticles are spherical in shape, and form a core shell. The phase purity and microcrystalline behavior of the prepared nano particles, POA coated nanoparticles and gelatin nanocomposites were analyzed by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscope [SEM] and energy dispersive spectroscopy [EDX] were employed for the analysis of the surface morphology and the elemental composition of the prepared nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to assess the physical interactions between the components in nanocomposites. The thermal stability and effect of polymer coated nanoparticles on glass transitions temperatures were studied by using Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. From UV–Visible spectroscopy studies it is clear that, with increase in POA coated K 2ZrO 3 nanoparticles concentration from 0 to 4 wt % in a gelatin matrix, the band gap energy (Eg) value drops from 4.13 to 2.16 eV, and the refractive index rises from 1.529 to 3.25.
Smoke Chemistry
Authors: Alvarado Matthew J. , Barsanti Kelley C. , Chung Serena H. , Jaffe Daniel A. , Moore Charles T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSmoke chemistry (i.e., chemical transformations taking place within smoke plumes) can alter the composition and toxicity of smoke on time scales from minutes to days. Air quality agencies need better information on and better models of smoke chemistry to more accurately characterize the contributions of smoke to ambient ozone and particulate matter, and to better predict good windows for prescribed burning. The ability of these agencies to quantify the contributions of wildland fires to air pollutants and the ability of forest and burn managers to both predict and mitigate these impacts are limited by how current models represent smoke chemistry. This limitation is interconnected with uncertainties in smoke emissions, plume dynamics, and long-range transport. Improving predictive models will require a combination of laboratory, field, and modeling studies focused on enhancing our knowledge of smoke chemistry, including when smoke interacts with anthropogenic emissions and enters indoors.
Holographic coarse-graining: correlators from the entanglement wedge and other reduced geometries
Authors: Güijosa Alberto , Olivas Yaithd D. , Pedraza Juan F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is some tension between two well-known ideas in holography. On the one hand, subregion duality asserts that the reduced density matrix associated with a limited region of the boundary theory is dual to a correspondingly limited region in the bulk, known as the entanglement wedge. On the other hand, correlators that in the boundary theory can be computed solely with that density matrix are calculated in the bulk via the GKPW or BDHM prescriptions, which require input from beyond the entanglement wedge. We show that this tension is resolved by recognizing that the reduced state is only fully identified when the entanglement wedge is supplemented with a specific infrared boundary action, associated with an end-of-the-world brane. This action is obtained by coarse-graining through a variant of Wilsonian integration, a procedure that we call holographic rememorization, which can also be applied to define other reduced density or transition matrices, as well as more general reduced partition functions. We find an interesting connection with AdS/BCFT, and, in this context, we are led to a simple example of an equivalence between an ensemble of theories and a single theory, as discussed in recent studies of the black hole information problem.
Doubled space and extended supersymmetry
Authors: Blair Chris D. A. , Hulik Ondrej , Sevrin Alexander , Thompson Daniel C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The doubled formulation of the worldsheet provides a description of string theory in which T-duality is promoted to a manifest symmetry. Here we extend this approach to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) superspace providing a doubled formulation for bi-Hermitian/generalised Kähler target spaces. The theory is described by a single function, a doubled-generalised Kähler potential, supplemented with a manifestly $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) constraint. Several examples serve to illustrate this construction, including a discussion of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) description of T-folds.
Associations between parental type 2 diabetes risk and offspring birthweight and placental weight: a survival analysis using the Walker cohort
Authors: Sánchez-Soriano Carlos , Pearson Ewan R. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Low birthweight (BW) is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide analyses have identified a strong genetic component to this association, with many BW-associated loci also involved in glucose metabolism. We hypothesised that offspring BW and placental weight (PW) are correlated with parental type 2 diabetes risk, reflecting the inheritance of diabetes risk alleles that also influence fetal growth.

Methods
The Walker cohort, a collection of birth records from Dundee, Scotland, from the 1950s and the 1960s was used to test this hypothesis by linking BW and PW measurements to parental health outcomes. Using data from SCI-Diabetes and the national death registry, we obtained health records for over 20,000 Walker parents. We performed Fine–Gray survival analyses of parental type 2 diabetes risk with competing risk of death, and Cox regression analyses of risk of death, independently in the maternal and paternal datasets, modelled by offspring BW and PW.

Results
We found significant associations between increased paternal type 2 diabetes risk and reduced offspring BW (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.92 [95% CI 0.87, 0.98]) and PW (SHR 0.87 [95% CI 0.81, 0.94]). The association of maternal type 2 diabetes risk with offspring BW or PW was not significant. Lower offspring BW was also associated with increased risk of death in both mothers (HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.89, 0.94]) and fathers (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.92, 0.98]), and higher offspring PW was associated with increased maternal mortality risk (HR 1.08 [95% CI 1.04, 1.13]) when adjusted for BW.

Conclusions/interpretation
We identified associations between offspring BW and reduced paternal type 2 diabetes risk, most likely resulting from the independent effects of common type 2 diabetes susceptibility alleles on fetal growth, as described by the fetal insulin hypothesis. Moreover, we identified novel associations between offspring PW and reduced paternal type 2 diabetes risk, a relationship that might also be caused by the inheritance of diabetes predisposition variants. We found differing associations between offspring BW and PW and parental risk of death. These results provide novel epidemiological support for the use of offspring BW and PW as predictors for future risk of type 2 diabetes and death in mothers and fathers.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of postoperative outcomes of mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wan Chuanping , Wang Daoqi , Xiang Jiajia , Yang Bin , Xu Jinming , Zhou Guiming , Zhou Yuan , Zhao Yuan , Zhong Jiao , Liu Jianhe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur study was aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Mini-PCNL) and Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Standard-PCNL) to determine the optimum option for patients with renal calculi. For publications published between January 2010 and April 2021, a comprehensive search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases was done. The literatures were chosen based on the criteria for inclusion and exclusion. After the data were retrieved and the quality was assessed, the meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4.1, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). We selected 20 trials with a total of 4953 people out of 322 studies. There were 2567 patients treated with Mini-PCNL and 2386 patients treated with Standard-PCNL. Meta-analysis results showed no difference in stone-free rates (SFR, P = 0.93), fever (P = 0.83), and postoperative pain (VAS score) (P = 0.21) between Mini-PCNL and Standard-PCNL. Patients in the Mini-PCNL group experienced shorter hospital stay (P < 0.0001), less hemoglobin drop (P < 0.00001), less blood transfusion (P < 0.00001), higher postoperative tubeless (P = 0.0002), and fewer complications including bleeding (P = 0.01), perforation (P = 0.03), and leakage (P = 0.01). Compared with Standard-PCNL, operative time was longer in the Mini-PCNL group (P = 0.0005). Mini-PCNL had a shorter hospital stay, less hemoglobin drop, less blood transfusion, greater postoperative tubeless, fewer complications, and a longer operational time when compared to Standard-PCNL. SFR, fever, and postoperative pain were similar in both of them. Mini-PCNL may be a superior option for patients with proper size renal calculi.
Achieving child-centred care for children and young people with life-limiting and life-threatening conditions—a qualitative interview study
Authors: Coombes Lucy , Braybrook Debbie , Roach Anna , Scott Hannah , Harðardóttir Daney , Bristowe Katherine , Ellis-Smith Clare , Bluebond-Langner Myra , Fraser Lorna K. , Downing Julia , Farsides Bobbie , Murtagh Fliss E. M. , Harding Richard ,   on behalf of C-POS
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aims to identify the symptoms, concerns, and care priorities of children with life-limiting conditions and their families. A semi-structured qualitative interview study was conducted, seeking perspectives from multiple stakeholders on symptoms, other concerns, and care priorities of children and young people with life limiting and life-threatening conditions and their families. Participants were recruited from six hospitals and three children’s hospices in the UK. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using framework analysis. A total of 106 participants were recruited: 26 children (5–17 years), 40 parents (of children 0–17 years), 13 siblings (5–17 years), 15 health and social care professionals, 12 commissioners. Participants described many inter-related symptoms, concerns, and care priorities impacting on all aspects of life. Burdensome symptoms included pain and seizures. Participants spoke of the emotional and social impacts of living with life-limiting conditions, such as being able to see friends, and accessing education and psychological support. Spiritual/existential concerns included the meaning of illness and planning for an uncertain future. Data revealed an overarching theme of pursuing ‘normality’, described as children’s desire to undertake usual childhood activities. Parents need support with practical aspects of care to help realise this desire for normality.Conclusion: Children with life-limiting conditions and their families experience a wide range of inter-related symptoms, concerns, and care priorities. A holistic, child-centred approach to care is needed, allowing focus on pursuit of normal childhood activities. Improvements in accessibility, co-ordination, and availability of health services are required to achieve this.

What is Known:• Existing evidence regarding symptoms, concerns, and care priorities for children with life-limiting conditions is largely limited to proxy-reported data and those with a cancer diagnosis.• Child-centred care provision must be directed by children’s perspectives on their priorities for care.

What is New:• Social and educational activities are more important to children with life-limiting conditions than their medical concerns.• A holistic approach to care is required that extends beyond addressing medical needs, in order to support children with life-limiting conditions to focus on pursuit of normal childhood activities.
A person-centred intervention remotely targeting family caregivers’ support needs in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation—a feasibility study
Authors: Kisch Annika M. , Bergkvist Karin , Adalsteinsdóttir Sólveig , Wendt Christel , Alvariza Anette , Winterling Jeanette 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intensive curative treatment that increases family caregivers’ burden. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of remotely assessing and addressing family caregivers’ support needs in terms of demand and acceptability using the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool Intervention (CSNAT-I) in the HSCT context.

Methods
CSNAT-I consists of an evidence-based tool and a five-stage person-centred process. The intervention was performed remotely by two designated nurses from two HSCT centres, one before HSCT and the second 6 weeks after (November 2020 to March 2021). To capture the experiences of using CSNAT-I, interviews were conducted with family caregivers and reflections were gathered from the designated nurses.

Results
Of 34 eligible family caregivers, 27 participated, 70% were partners and the rest children, siblings or other relatives. The main support needs were knowing what to expect in the future and dealing with your feelings and worries. The most frequent support actions according to CSNAT-I were psychological support and medical information. Four categories summarised family caregivers and designated nurses’ experiences: CSNAT-I was relevant and became an eye opener; nurses’ experiences were important for enabling trustful CSNAT-I conversations; CSNAT-I provided family caregivers with support and a sense of security; and CSNAT-I gave family caregivers insight and enabled change.

Conclusion
Both family caregivers and designated nurses experienced that using CSNAT-I in an HSCT context was feasible and had the potential to provide valuable support for most of the participating family caregivers.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents
Authors: Kamel Monica G. , Sroor Farid M. , Othman Abdelmageed M. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Abdallah Tayseer A. , Saleh Fatma M. , Teleb Mohamed A. Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized using N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetohydrazonoyl bromide and 1-[3,5-dimethyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]ethan-1-one as starting materials. The treatment of 1-[3,5-dimethyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]ethan-1-one with methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate or hydrazinecarbothioamide afforded 2-[1-[5-methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]ethylidene]hydrazine derivatives. The targeted 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl derivatives were prepared by the reaction of 2-[1-[5-methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]ethylidene]hydrazine derivatives with hydrazonoyl chloride derivatives. The reaction of N-(4-nitrophenyl)acetohydrazonoyl bromide with 2-[(methylthio)carbonthioyl]hydrazones in absolute ethanol in the presence of triethylamine afforded the corresponding 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. The newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were tested against E. coli, B. mycoides, and C. albicans. Four compounds outperformed the other produced compounds in terms of antimicrobial activity.
Graphical abstract
Welfare and sectoral productivity shifts in a small open economy with imported agricultural inputs: The case of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: García-Cebro Juan Antonio , Quintela-Del-Río Alejandro , Varela-Santamaría Ramón 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of sectoral productivity growth on welfare in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the analytical framework of a DSGE model, the main finding is that, for the estimated values of structural parameters, the allocation of scarce resources to the tradable agricultural sector for boosting productivity leads to a greater increase in overall welfare than would be the case if they were allocated to the non-traded goods sector.