bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTIMASI CADANGAN KLAIM IBNR MENGGUNAKAN METODE CHAIN-LADDER DAN BORNHUETTER-FERGUSON PADA PRODUK INDEMNITY DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Amini Raisha , Hikmah Yulial 
Published: September 2022

Klaim IBNR (Incurred But Not Reported) adalah klaim yang sudah terjadi namun belum dilaporkan. Karena belum dilaporkan, maka totalnya diakumulasikan dalam bentuk cadangan dan dianggap sebagai kewajiban bagi perusahaan asuransi karena sudah terjadi. Klaim yang sudah terjadi namun belum dilaporkan ini disebabkan oleh keterlambatan atau disebut lag/jarak yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Setiap produk asuransi memiliki lag yang berbeda-beda. Perusahaan asuransi tidak mempunyai data keterlambatan tersebut sehingga data tersebut dapat dibentuk dari data klaim historis menggunakan run-off triangle. Tujuan dari run-off triangle adalah mengetahui berapa lama yang dibutuhkan dari suatu klaim yang terjadi sampai klaim tersebut dilaporkan. Data klaim historis dalam bentuk run-off triangle disebut sebagai incurred sehingga diperoleh gambaran pengalaman klaim dan data tersebut digunakan untuk mengestimasikan masa depan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan estimasi ultimate loss. Estimasi ultimate loss adalah estimasi total klaim jika sudah full terlaporkan. Jika sudah didapatkan estimasi ultimate loss dan incurred, maka selisihnya merupakan cadangan klaim yang sudah terjadi namum belum dilaporkan atau IBNR. Terdapat banyak metode untuk memperhitungkan cadangan klaim IBNR. Beberapa Metode yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan metode Chain-Ladder dan Bornhuetter-Ferguson. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode Bornhuetter-Ferguson lebih sesuai pada pehitungan cadangan klaim untuk produk indemnity di PT. XYZ. Hal ini disebabkan oleh data klaim historis di penelitian ini memiliki rata-rata waktu penundaan pelaporan klaim lebih dari dua hingga tiga bulan serta estimasi cadangan klaim dengan metode Bornhuetter-Ferguson menghasilkan cadangan klaim lebih besar dibandingkan dengan metode Chain-Ladder. Oleh karena itu, PT. XYZ akan lebih aman untuk menghindar risiko kekurangan cadangan jika menerapkan metode Bornhuetter-Ferguson dibandingkan dengan metode Chain-Ladder.
Microcephaly and hydrocephalus in a sheep fetus infected with Neospora caninum in Southern Brazil – Short communication
Authors: Withoeft Jéssica Aline , Da Costa Leonardo Silva , Marian Lucas , Baumbach Letícia Ferreira , Do Canto Olegário Juliana , Miletti Luiz Cláudio , Canal Cláudio Wageck , Casagrande Renata Assis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A case of non-communicating hydrocephalus and microcephaly in a sheep fetus infected with Neospora caninum from Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, is reported. Macroscopically, there was moderate flattening and narrowing of the skull, and the portion of the cerebral hemispheres was markedly reduced in size, measuring 3.5 × 3.5 × 0.5 cm, with marked diffuse flattening of the brain gyri and dilation of the lateral ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were positive to N. caninum detection by PCR. Histologically, there was discrete focal lymphoplasmacytic necrotising encephalitis on the floor of the lateral ventricle, discrete multifocal gliosis and discrete multifocal lymphoplasmacytic myositis. Through the molecular detection of N. caninum in the cerebrospinal fluid, it was possible to report what appears to be the first case of non-communicating hydrocephalus and microcephaly in an ovine fetus infected with N. caninum.
Distribution and expression of virulence genes (hlyA, sat) and genotyping of Escherichia coli O25b/ST131 by multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Asgharzadeh Sajjad , Golmoradi Zadeh Rezvan , Taati Moghadam Majid , Farahani Eraghiye Hamed , Sadeghi Kalani Behrooz , Masjedian Jazi Faramarz , Mirkalantari Shiva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEscherichia coli ST131 is a pandemic clone with high antibiotic resistance, and it is a major causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bloodstream infections. This study evaluated the distribution and expression of virulence genes and genotyping of E. coli O25b/ST131 by Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) method among UTI in patients at Tehran hospitals, Iran.A total of 107 E. coli isolates were collected from UTI patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pabB gene was used to identify E. coli O25b/ST131 and the prevalence of sat and hlyA virulence genes was also analyzed. The microtiter method quantified biofilm formation ability in E. coli O25b/ST131. The Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of sat and hlyA genes. Finally, MLVA was performed for E. coli O25b/ST131 genotyping by targeting seven tandem repeats. SPSS-16 software was used for statistical analysis. Molecular study showed that 71% of isolates carried the pabB gene and were considered E. coli O25b/ST131 strains. Also, 45.8% and 17.8% of isolates carried sat and hlyA genes, respectively. The 57.9% isolates had biofilm formation ability. Expression of the studied virulence genes showed an increase in strong biofilm producing E. coli O25b/ST131 strains. A total of 76 (100%) E. coli O25b/ST131 strains were typed by the MLVA method.High prevalence of E. coli O25b/ST131 isolates in UTI patients can be a serious warning to the treatment due to the high antibiotic resistance rate, expression of virulence genes, and biofilm formation.
The impact of oil price shocks on inflation: Do asymmetries matter?
Authors: Turan Taner , Özer Hüseyin A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using cointegration approach and Augmented Phillips Curve framework, this study examines the effects of changes in the global oil prices on the inflation rate for five CEE countries between 1994 and 2018. Our research indicates the existence of cointegration for Czechia, Poland and Slovakia. We find a positive relationship between changes of oil prices and the inflation rate in Poland in the long run. Additionally, it seems that the changes in oil prices impact the inflation rate in the long run for Czechia, Hungary and Poland. In a non-linear model framework cointegration is found in Czechia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. Our findings suggest that changes in oil prices significantly affect the inflation rate in Czechia, Hungary and Poland in the long-run and in all countries in the short-run. More importantly, we demonstrate that the short- and long-run asymmetries play a significant role in explaining the dynamics of the inflation rate.
The institutional determinants of outward foreign direct investment
Authors: Drapkin Igor , Lukyanov Sergey , Shelkovnikov Vadim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the influence of institution quality on foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows. For empirical estimation, we use a dataset covering 102 home and 67 host countries from 2001 to 2016. We use the gravity approach and apply the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method to derive unbiased estimates. A set of institutional variables in a country is integrated into a single institutional index using principal component analysis. Our main findings are the following. First, we only identify a positive influence of the level of institutional development on FDI outflows for the institutionally developed countries. Second, we have not found evidence for crowding out national investment in the countries with weak institutions. Third, increases in the level of institutions stimulate horizontal rather than vertical outward FDI in an economy. Finally, institutional distance negatively affects the level of outward FDI only when the institutional distance between the two countries is large. The policy implications of this research are strongly in favour of further developing institutions.
HANDLING STRATEGY OF DAMAGE AND COST ESTIMATION OF SITUBONDO-BAJULMATI ROAD MAINTENANCE LINK.025 KM SBY 233+000 – 251+000
Authors: Lafatza Andini Wihenda , Hasanuddin Akhmad , Trisiana Anita 
Published: September 2022

Pantura highway, especially on Situbondo-Bajulmati Link. 025 Km Sby 233+00-251+00 road section is one of the road section points that have a high activity every day so the road conditions are not good. Routine and periodical road maintenance was done by DPU Bina Marga and then the comparison of realization and the theory-based costs was found out by using the International Roughness Index (IRI) method. After that, an analysis of routine and periodical maintenance during 10 years plan age to know the lowest and efficient cost to the road maintenance was conducted. The realization and theory-based costs of routine maintenance have a difference of Rp107.526.929. The realization and theory-based costs of periodical maintenance have a difference of Rp953.520.843. The difference between the realization and theory-based costs required DPU Bina Marga to do a strategy of road damage. The results of the analysis for 10 years plan age with the calculated interest shows that the routine maintenance once a year was considered as effective to be conducted to minimize cost.
Jalan Raya Pantura, tepatnya ruas Jalan Situbondo-Bajulmati Link. 025 Km Sby 233+00-251+00 merupakan salah satu titik ruas jalan yang memiliki aktivitas tinggi setiap harinya sehingga kondisi jalannya kurang baik. Pemeliharaan rutin dan berkala jalan dilakukan oleh DPU Bina Marga dan selanjutnya akan dicari perbandingan biaya realisasi dan biaya sesuai teori yang menggunakan metode International Roughness Index (IRI). Setelah itu dilakukan analisis pemeliharaan rutin dan berkala jalan selama umur rencana 10 tahun untuk mengetahui biaya yang paling murah dan efisien untuk pemeliharaan jalan. Biaya realisasi dan biaya sesuai teori pemeliharaan rutin memiliki selisih Rp107.526.929. Biaya realisasi dan biaya sesuai teori pemeliharaan berkala memiliki selisih Rp953.520.843. Adanya perbedaan antara biaya realisasi dan biaya secara teori mengharuskan pihak DPU Bina Marga melakukan suatu strategi penanganan kerusakan jalan.. Hasil analisis selama umur rencana 10 tahun dengan bunga yang telah diperhitungkan menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan rutin 1 tahun sekali dinilai lebih efektif dilakukan untuk meminimalisir pembengkakan biaya.
Perencanaan Struktur Atas Gedung Kuliah Bersama Universitas Negeri Malang Dengan Menggunakan SNI 2847:2019 dan SNI 1726:2019
Authors: Prayoga Dhaniar Muchlis , Wahyuningtyas Winda Tri , Nurtanto Dwi 
Published: September 2022

The feasibility of a building is generally viewed from a safety perspective which is reviewed against all possible loads that will occur on it. Meanwhile, in reinforced concrete buildings, a planner is required to build a ductile structure, namely a building that can withstand the loads it carries before the building collapses. This is of course influenced by the dynamics of natural conditions, such as earthquakes, which are increasingly dangerous, as shown on earthquake maps from year to year. Seeing this phenomenon, the building specifications need to be improved to meet the strength aspects of earthquake-resistant structures. The purpose of this research is to plan a joint lecture building at the State University of Malang using SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The results of the structural analysis program show that the inter-story drift is 85.4 mm in the x-direction and 49.5 mm in the y-direction. The results of earthquake loading using the response spectrum method produced a basic shear of 19165.9 kN in the x-direction and 19251.8 kN in the y-direction. Meanwhile, based on the results of the modal analysis, the cumulative value of mass participation was 95.7% in the x-direction and 95.4% in the y-direction. From the design of each structural component, the strength/resistance (∅𝑅n) exceeds the required strength (𝑅u).
ABSTRAK
Kelayakan suatu bangunan umumnya ditinjau dari segi keamanan yang ditinjau terhadap semua kemungkinan beban yang akan terjadi padanya. Selain itu pada bangunan beton bertulang, seorang perencana dituntut untuk membangun suatu struktur yang daktail, yaitu bangunan yang mampu menahan beban-beban yang dipikulnya sebelum akhirnya bangunan tersebut mengalami keruntuhan. Hal ini tentu saja dipengaruhi oleh dinamika kondisi alam seperti halnya gempa bumi yang semakin hari memiliki potensi bahaya yang semakin besar, seperti ditunjukan pada peta gempa dari tahun ke tahun. Melihat fenomena tersebut spesifikasi gedung perlu di tingkatkan guna memenuhi aspek kekuatan struktur tahan gempa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merencanakan gedung kuliah bersama di Universitas Negeri Malang menggunakan SNI 1726:2019 dan SNI 2847:2019. Hasil dari program analisis struktur menunjukkan simpangan antar lantai sebesar 85.4 mm pada arah x dan 49.5 mm pada arah y. Hasil dari pembebanan gempa menggunakan metode respon spektrum menghasilkan gaya geser dasar sebesar 19165.9 kN pada arah x dan 19251.8 kN pada arah y. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis modal didapatkan nilai kumulatif partisipasi massa sebesar 95.7% pada arah x dan 95.4% pada arah y. Dari desain masing-masing komponen struktur didapatkan kekuatan/tahanan (∅𝑅n) yang melebihi dari kuat perlunya (𝑅u).
Rural Entrepreneurship, a perspective with special reference to Arunachal Pradesh: an Empirical Study
Authors: Deb Sukamal 
Published: September 2022

The entrepreneur, Â term coined by European economist Richard Cantillon Â in 1755, through his enterprise helps in employment generation, generating national income, dispersal of economic power, balancing regional development and in harnessing youth vigour. It is also defined as â€˜the ability of communities to turn grass into goldâ€™. The region of North East India in particular will have to realize how confidently it can rely upon the rural enterprises but for that the Society will have to walk extra-miles with innovation, dedication and determination. In absence of private enterprises in Arunachal Pradesh, there is only Government sector to provide job which is over saturated. Moreover, few jobs, if available, are non-productive clerical type.Â Â Â Although the State is comparatively peaceful, the North-East Region has been facing problem of militants mainly because of dearth of employment. Setting up VI is therefore the probable answer.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS ON PATIENT SAFETY IINCIDENCE IN HOSPITAL: LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Alifia Redina Thara , Dhamanti Inge 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Background: Root cause analysis (RCA) is a process used by hospitals to reduce the level of patient safety incidents. The minimized application of root cause analysis has resulted in inevitable patient safety incidents. Research objectives: ​​ This study aims to determine the application of RCA to patient safety incidents in hospitals. Method: The method used in this study was a literature review. Articles were obtained through the Pubmed, SAGE, and Google Scholar databases published in 2016-2021. Results: The implementation of RCA in 46 hospitals in France, the United States, and Hong Kong is known to run inadequately. This is due to the fact that the overall causative factors are not identified and the type of solution produced is ineffective in preventing the occurrence of the same patient safety incidents (PSI) in the future. Conclusion: The results of the article review shows that the application of RCA is not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of RCA in hospitals.
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Analisis akar penyebab merupakan proses yang digunakan oleh rumah sakit untuk mengurangi tingkat kejadian insiden keselamatan pasien. Penerapan analisis akar penyebab yang belum maksimal menyebabkan insiden keselamatan pasien belum berhasil untuk dicegah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas dan hambatan penerapan RCA pada insiden keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Metode: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah scoping review. Pencarian artikel didapat melalui database Pubmed, SAGE, dan Google Scholar yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2016-2021. Hasil: Penerapan RCA pada 46 rumah sakit di negara Prancis, Amerika Serikat, dan Hongkong diketahui belum berjalan secara optimal. Hal ini disebabkan, karena tidak mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab secara keseluruhan dan jenis solusi yang dihasilkan tidak efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya insiden keselamatan pasien (IKP) yang sama di masa mendatang. Kesimpulan: Hasil tinjauan artikel menunjukkan penerapan RCA belum optimal, sehingga dibutuhkan peningkatan kualitas RCA di rumah sakit.
Overcoming Fundamental Restrictions: Novel Multistation Measurement While Drilling Survey Correction
Authors: Bulychenkov Konstantin 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe traditional multistation analysis (MSA) method for drilling string magnetization compensation considers significantly limited information, only consisting of a single measurement while drilling (MWD) six-axis survey run. The limitations of this approach are an excessive scatter in the corrected azimuth values, poor accuracy in attitudes near the horizontal east/west directions, and low robustness of the algorithm, which make it nearly impossible to automate the survey processing.A novel MSA correction, involving further elaboration of the conventional MSA method, is proposed in this study. The proposed algorithm utilizes all available drilling information, including data from geomagnetic reference, error models, multiple six-axis runs, bottomhole assembly (BHA) designs, and slide sheets. This improvement moves the optimization task to find the survey correction vector from multiple independent spaces of total gravity field, total magnetic field, and dip angle (GBD) for each MWD run into a single GBD + north/east/vertical space of the entire well. Unlike the conventional MSA, which processes only a small portion of the available information, each MWD runs independently, the proposed algorithm finds the survey correction vector for all MWD runs simultaneously with additional constraints of trajectory steering and drillstring interference (DSI) modeling.Consequently, the proposed MSA method provides the best borehole positional accuracy for MWD surveys. Depending on the input conditions, the accuracy of the proposed MSA can be improved by an order of magnitude relative to the accuracy performance of the conventional MSA correction. In addition, this approach demonstrates better stability and robustness than the conventional MSA. The proposed method provides high startup performance, especially during the drilling of the tangent section. This is critically important for building automatic drilling systems and avoiding nonproductive time. Under normal conditions, the proposed MSA algorithm does not have a no-go zone and allows the correction of MWD surveys at the horizontal east/west tangent sections.
Inhibitory action of mVOCs from Shewanella algae Sg8 against phytopathogenic fungi and transcriptional elicitation of PR genes in tomato
Authors: Subramanian Radhesh Krishnan , Kumaravel Sengali Ragunath , Sriniva Radhakrishnan , Prabakaran Narayanasamy , Kandasamy Keerthana Ponni , G Balaji , K Latha 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The analysis of Microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) is an emerging research field with huge impact in the fields of medical and agricultural biotechnology, mVOCs are being considered as imminent eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. In this study, we characterized the effect of volatiles emitted from Shewanella algae (Sg8) isolated from a marine ecosystem in promoting plant growth, in controlling the activity of Fusarium oxysporum and its antagonistic activity against other phytopathogenic fungus. Sg8 inhibited the growth of four other agronomically important foliar and soil plant pathogens: Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Magnoporthae oryzae and Macrophomina sp. The effect of mVOCs produced by the bacterium Sg8, on plant growth were investigated on tomato plants under in vivo conditions. The VOCs emitted from Sg8 up regulated the Thaumatin-like antifungal (PR-5) gene (9-fold) and Glutamine synthetase (GS) gene (0.96-fold) in tomato plants. Sg8 effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and possessed plant growth promoting (PGP) activity. Our results show that Sg8 generates bioactive volatiles that induces the regulation of Pathogenesis related (PR) genes, and stimulates the growth of the plants and also suppresses the growth of other agriculturally important foliar and soil phyto-pathogenic fungus.
Mitigation of cadmium toxicity in Thai rice cultivar (PSL2) using biofertilizer containing indigenous cadmium-resistant microbial consortia
Authors: Koedrith Preeyaporn , Seang-On Ladda , Meeinkuirt Weeradej , Saminpanya Seriwat 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Biofertilizer as amendment has growing awareness, little attention has been paid to the bioremediation potential of indigenous heavy metal-resistant microbes, especially when isolated from long term polluted soil, as a bioinoculant in biofertilizer. They are type of versatile nutrient provider and soil conditioner that is cost competitive, highly efficient with nondisruptive detoxifying capability. Herein, we investigated the effect of biofertilizers containing indigenous cadmium (Cd)-resistant microbial consortia on rice growth and physiological response. The Thai rice cultivar PSL2 (Oryza sativa L.) was grown in Cd-enriched soils amended with 3% biofertilizer. The composition of the biofertilizers’ bacterial community at different taxonomic levels was explored using 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Upon Cd stress, the test biofertilizer had maximum mitigating effects as shown by suppressed photosynthetic pigment loss, modulated proline content and enzymatic antioxidants, thereby allowing increased plant dry biomass (up to 115% and 112% in shoots and roots, respectively) and reduced Cd bioaccumulation (up to 68% and 65% in shoots and roots, respectively), as compared to the non-amended control. These phenomena might be attributed to increased soil pH, EC, CEC and organic matter, as well as enriched beneficial detoxifiers, i.e., Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in the biofertilizers. The test biofertilizer was effective in ameliorating Cd phytotoxicity by improving soil biophysicochemical traits to limit Cd bioavailability, along with adjusting physiological traits such as antioxidative defense. This study first demonstrated that incorporating indigenous Cd-resistant microbe derived-biofertilizer could restrict Cd contents and consequently enhance plant growth and tolerance in polluted soil.