bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress-Delta B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Does Not Exclude ACS in the ED
Authors: Susman Stephen J , Bouffler Andrew , Gordee Alexander , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Leahy J Clancy , Griffin S Michelle , Christenson Robert H , Newby L Kristin , Limkakeng Alexander T 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
There are many detectable changes in circulating biomarkers in the setting of myocardial ischemia. We hypothesize that there are associated changes in circulating B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level after stress-induced myocardial ischemia, which can be used for emergency department (ED) acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk stratification.

Methods
In a prospective study, we enrolled 340 patients over the age of 30 receiving an exercise echocardiography stress test in an ED observational unit for suspected ACS. We collected blood samples at baseline and at 2 and 4 h post–stress test, measuring the relative and absolute changes (stress-delta) in plasma BNP concentrations. In addition, patients were contacted at 90 days and at 1 year posttest for a follow-up. We calculated the diagnostic test characteristics of stress-delta BNP for a composite outcome of ischemic imaging on stress echocardiogram, nonelective percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, subsequent acute myocardial infarction, or cardiac death at 1 year via a logistic regression. We analyzed the 2-h BNP concentrations using an ANOVA model to adjust for the baseline BNP level.

Results
Baseline and 2-h post-stress BNP were both higher in the positive outcome group, but the stress-delta BNP was not. Stress-delta BNP had a sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of 53% and 76% at 2 h and 67% and 68% at 4 h. It was noted that patients with the composite outcome had a higher baseline BNP level.

Conclusions
BNP stress-deltas are poor diagnostic means for ACS risk stratification, but resting BNP remains a promising prognostic tool for ED patients with suspected ACS.
International Legal Issues Arising from Repatriation of the Children of Islamic State
Authors: Bagheri Saeed , Bisset Alison 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The detention of children of Islamic State within Kurdish-controlled camps in Syria presents a complex dilemma for national authorities and the international community. Although a small number of states have repatriated their nationals, overall, little progress has been made and thousands of children continue to languish in deplorable conditions. Resolution has been urged from both humanitarian and international security perspectives, but Western states, in particular, have sought to avoid responsibility, often using legal mechanisms to impede repatriation efforts. This article asks whether international legal frameworks can provide a route to resolution. It argues that by centralizing the international law and policy on children’s rights, repatriation becomes the priority rather than domestic political and security objectives. Conceptual light is shed on the ways in which international human rights law standards can be mobilized for the protection of conflict-affected children as individual rights holders.
On semantically labelled syntax trees and the non-existence of certain Sahlqvist formulae
Authors: Iliev Petar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We elaborate on semantically labelled syntax trees that provide a method of proving the non-existence of modal formulae satisfying certain syntactic properties and defining a given class of frames and use them to show that there are classes of Kripke frames that are definable by both non-Sahlqvist and Sahlqvist formulae, but the latter requires more propositional variables.
Policies and Practices to Address Cancer’s Long-Term Adverse Consequences
Authors: Bradley Cathy J , Kitchen Sara , Bhatia Smita , Bynum Julie , Darien Gwen , Lichtenfeld J Leonard , Oyer Randall , Shulman Lawrence N , Sheldon Lisa Kennedy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As cancer detection and treatment improve, the number of long-term survivors will continue to grow, as will the need to improve their survivorship experience and health outcomes. We need to better understand cancer and its treatment’s short- and long-term adverse consequences and to prevent, detect, and treat these consequences effectively. Delivering care through a collaborative care model; standardizing information offered to and collected from patients; standardizing approaches to documenting, treating, and reducing adverse effects; and creating a data infrastructure to make population-based information widely available are all actions that can improve survivors’ outcomes. National policies that address gaps in insurance coverage, the cost and value of treatment and survivorship care, and worker benefits such as paid sick leave can also concurrently reduce cancer burden. The National Cancer Policy Forum and the Forum on Aging, Disability, and Independence at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine sponsored a virtual workshop on “Addressing the Adverse Consequences of Cancer Treatment,” November 9-10, 2020, to examine long-term adverse consequences of cancer treatment and to identify practices and policies to reduce treatment’s negative impact on survivors. This commentary discusses high-priority issues raised during the workshop and offers a path forward.
Inhibition of human ether-à-go-go-related gene K+ currents expressed in HEK293 cells by three gingerol components from ginger
Authors: Liu Miaomaio , Yang Yakun , Zhang Muqing , Xue Yucong , Zheng Bin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Yu , Chu Xi , Sun Zhenqing , Han Xue 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Gingerols are bioactive compounds derived from ginger, our experiment investigates the effects of 6-, 8- and 10-Gin on the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) K+ channels by using patch clamp technology.

Key findings
hERG K+ currents were suppressed by 6-, 8- and 10-Gin in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of 6-, 8- and 10-Gin were 41.5, 16.1 and 86.5 μM for the hERG K+ currents, respectively. The maximum inhibitory effects caused by 6-, 8- and 10-Gin were 44.3% ± 2.0%, 88.6% ± 1.3% and 63.1% ± 1.1%, respectively, and the effects were almost completely reversible.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that 8-Gin is the most potent hERG K+ channel inhibitor among gingerol components and may offer a new approach for understanding and treating cancer.
Mucin-poor mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney: one case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhong Minglei , Zhang Zhaocun , Qi Wenqiang , Zhou Yongheng , Lv Guangda , Jiang Xianzhou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mucinous tubule and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of the kidney is a rare renal pleomorphic tumor considered as low-grade malignant, with occurring mainly in female. Few mucin-poor MTSCC cases have been reported so far. A typical MTSCC is composed of closely arranged tubules with pale mucus matrix and spindle cell components. Mucin-poor MTSCC is difficult to distinguish from other renal cell carcinomas due to small amount of mucus. We reported a case of mucin-poor MTSCC in a 37-year-old male with detailed imaging, histology, immunohistochemical and next-generation sequencing information, looking forward to providing an insight into mucin-poor MTSCC.
The response of mesophyll conductance to ozone-induced oxidative stress is genotype-dependent in poplar
Authors: Joffe Ricardo , Berthe Audrey , Jolivet Yves , Gandin Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The CO2 diffusion conductance within the leaf mesophyll (gm) is considered a major limiting factor of photosynthesis. However, the effects of the major secondary air pollutant ozone (O3) on gm have been poorly investigated. Eight genotypes of the economically important tree species Populus × canadensis Moench were exposed to 120 ppb O3 for 21 d. gm showed a genotype-dependent response to O3-induced oxidative stress and was a major limiting factor of net assimilation rate (Anet), ahead of stomatal conductance to CO2 (gsc) and of the maximum carboxylation capacity of the Rubisco enzyme (Vcmax) in half of the tested genotypes. Increased leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and decreased chlorophyll content were linked to the observed gm decrease, but this relationship did not entirely explain the different genotypic gm responses. Moreover, the oxidative stress defence metabolites ascorbate and glutathione were not related to O3 tolerance of gm. However, malondialdehyde probably mitigated the observed gm decrease in some genotypes due to its oxidative stress signalling function. The large variation of gm suggests different regulation mechanisms amongst poplar genotypes under oxidative stress.
Interpreting through AI: A note on the possibility of weaving ancient traditions with novel technologies
Authors: Neuman Yair , Danesi Marcel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Language, like any other semiotic code, is a sign system whose forms (words, phrases, sentences, etc.) are governed by the standing for principle (SFP). However, the SFP is more complex to envision when ‘composite forms’ such as novels and dialogues are involved. In this article, and following the work of Bakhtin and Gasset, we present the idea that a composite semiotic form, such as a paragraph in a novel, does not stand for a simple referential situation only, but provides us with a context for anticipation. We show how these ideas can be expressed in the state-of-the-art language models in AI (Artificial Intelligence) and the way AI may provide us with novel directions for developing old practices of interpretation.
Not Half True
Authors: Mankowitz Poppy 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe word ‘true’ shows some evidence of gradability. For instance, there are cases where truth-bearers are described as ‘slightly true’, ‘completely true’ or ‘very true’. Expressions that accept these types of modifiers are analysed in terms of properties that can be possessed to a greater or lesser degree. If ‘true’ is genuinely gradable, then it would follow that there are degrees of truth. It might also follow that ‘true’ is context-sensitive, like other gradable expressions. Such conclusions are difficult to reconcile with most existing theories: deflationists and inflationists alike tend to reject the thesis that one true truth-bearer can have more or less truth than another. Based on work in natural language, I argue that ‘true’ is not a genuinely gradable expression. I also provide an explanation of the apparent evidence for gradability. Hence there is no reason to think that there is a truth property that comes in degrees.
The Struggle Over Education in the Yishuv: Rav Kook and the Herzliya Gymnasium
Authors: Cohen Yehudit , Goldstein Yossi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The following discussion seeks to clarify the attitude of Rav Kook, the chief rabbi of Jaffa and one of the most important moral figures in the Jewish community, regarding the founding and early development of the Herzliya Gymnasium in 1905, the world’s first secondary school to employ Hebrew as its language of instruction. The Gymnasium was criticized for two reasons: the way of life it promoted, which ran counter to the spirit of the Halacha (Jewish law), and its method of teaching Bible studies. Despite his opposition to the worldview of the founders and teachers of the Gymnasium, Kook refrained from speaking out against them publicly, preferring a less confrontational approach. He also wholeheartedly believed that they contained a degree of inner goodness that would cause them to return to what he regarded as the righteous path. Moreover, he was convinced that so long as he was unable to offer the public an alternative religious institution, one that would provide the same level of general studies as the Gymnasium, embarking on a public campaign against it was ill-advised. In his view, the situation also had a positive side: the existence of the Gymnasium provided an incentive for Jewish religious educational institutions to raise their own academic levels in order to compete. Had the Gymnasium not had something positive to offer, it would not have posed a threat at all.
Impact of COVID-19 on the antifungal susceptibility profiles of isolates collected in a global surveillance program that monitors invasive fungal infections
Authors: Pfaller Michael A , Carvalhaes Cecilia G , DeVries Sean , Rhomberg Paul R , Castanheira Mariana 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Studies demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the prevalence and susceptibility profiles of bacterial and fungal organisms. We analyzed 4821 invasive fungal isolates collected during 2018, 2019, and 2020 in 48 hospitals worldwide to evaluate the impact of this event in the occurrence and susceptibility rates of common fungal species. Isolates were tested using the CLSI broth microdilution method. While the percentage of total isolates that were C. glabrata (n = 710 isolates) or C. krusei (n = 112) slightly increased in 2020, the percentage for C. parapsilosis (n = 542), A. fumigatus (n = 416), and C. lusitaniae (n = 84) significantly decreased (P &lt; .05). Fluconazole resistance in C. glabrata decreased from 5.8% in 2018–2019 to 2.0% in 2020, mainly due to fewer hospitals in the US having these isolates (5 vs. 1 hospital). Conversely, higher fluconazole-resistance rates were noted for C. parapsilosis (13.9 vs. 9.8%) and C. tropicalis (3.5 vs. 0.7%; P &lt; .05) during 2020. Voriconazole resistance also increased for these species. Echinocandin resistance was unchanged among Candida spp. Voriconazole susceptibility rates in A. fumigatus were similar in these two periods (91.7% in 2018 and 2019 vs. 93.0% in 2020). Changes were also noticed in the organisms with smaller numbers of collected isolates. We observed variations in the occurrence of organisms submitted to a global surveillance and the susceptibility patterns for some organism-antifungal combinations. As the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, the impact of this event must continue to be monitored to guide treatment of patients affected by bacterial and fungal infections.

Lay Summary
Secondary infections were documented in COVID-19 patients. We compared the prevalence of invasive fungal isolates consecutively collected in 48 worldwide hospitals and their susceptibility patterns between 2020, the year of the global COVID-19 pandemic, and the two prior years.
Asteroid phase curves using sparse Gaia DR2 data and differential dense light curves
Authors: Wilawer E , Oszkiewicz D , Kryszczyńska A , Marciniak A , Shevchenko V , Belskaya I , Kwiatkowski T , Kankiewicz P , Horbowicz J , Kudak V , Kulczak P , Perig V , Sobkowiak K 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The amount of sparse asteroid photometry being gathered by both space- and ground-based surveys is growing exponentially. This large volume of data poses a computational challenge owing to both the large amount of information to be processed and the new methods needed to combine data from different sources (e.g. obtained by different techniques, in different bands, and having different random and systematic errors). The main goal of this work is to develop an algorithm capable of merging sparse and dense data sets, both relative and differential, in preparation for asteroid observations originating from, for example, Gaia, TESS, ATLAS, LSST, K2, VISTA, and many other sources. We present a novel method to obtain asteroid phase curves by combining sparse photometry and differential ground-based photometry. In the traditional approach, the latter cannot be used for phase curves. Merging those two data types allows for the extraction of phase-curve information for a growing number of objects. Our method is validated for 26 sample asteroids observed by the Gaia mission.
Long-term evolution of decayless kink oscillations of solar coronal loops
Authors: Zhong Sihui , Nakariakov Valery M , Kolotkov Dmitrii Y , Anfinogentov Sergey A 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Long-term evolution of instantaneous parameters of decayless kink oscillations of six solar coronal loops observed for longer than 2 h each is studied. The oscillations are analysed by processing sequences of 171 Å images obtained with the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) in the time interval from 2020 December till 2021 June, with the motion magnification technique. It is established that decayless kink oscillations could exist for more than 30 or 40 oscillation cycles. Neither the loop brightness nor instantaneous parameters of the oscillations show a monotonic increase or decrease during the oscillation. The observed instantaneous oscillation periods and amplitudes are found to vary randomly in time, with distributions around the mean values that resemble Gaussian profiles. Mean values of the oscillation periods and amplitudes are consistent with previous observations of this phenomenon. A power-law dependence of the oscillation period on the displacement amplitude is found, with the power-law index of 0.41 and with the 95 per cent confidence interval of [0.39, 0.71]. In general, we established the lack of correlation between instantaneous oscillation parameters and loop brightness. One exception is an event with relatively strong anticorrelation of the amplitude and the loop’s brightness, with the cross-correlation coefficient of about −0.81, but this effect requires a further study. Fourier power spectra of the envelopes of the time-evolving instantaneous amplitudes and periods are white noise, indicating that consecutive values of the instantaneous parameters are independent of each other. The results obtained provide an empirical ground for validating and comparing existing and future theoretical models of decayless kink oscillations of coronal loops.
Apostle–Auriga: effects of different subgrid models on the baryon cycle around Milky Way-mass galaxies
Authors: Kelly Ashley J , Jenkins Adrian , Deason Alis , Fattahi Azadeh , Grand Robert J J , Pakmor Rüdiger , Springel Volker , Frenk Carlos S 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Modern hydrodynamical simulations reproduce many properties of the real Universe. These simulations model various physical processes, but many of these are included using ‘subgrid models’ due to resolution limits. Although different subgrid models have been successful in modelling the effects of supernovae (SNe) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback on galactic properties, it remains unclear if, and by how much, these differing implementations affect observable halo gas properties. In this work, we use ‘zoom-in’ cosmological initial conditions of two volumes selected to resemble the Local Group (LG) evolved with both the Auriga and Apostle galaxy formation models. While the subgrid physics models in both simulations reproduce realistic stellar components of L⋆ galaxies, they exhibit different gas properties. Namely, Auriga predicts that the Milky Way is almost baryonically closed, whereas Apostle suggests that only half of the expected baryons reside within the halo. Furthermore, Apostle predicts that this baryon deficiency extends to the LG (r ≤ 1 Mpc). Some of the baryon deficiency in Apostle is due to SNe feedback at high redshift, which generates halo-wide outflows, with high covering fractions and radial velocities, which both eject baryons and significantly impede cosmic gas accretion. Conversely, in Auriga, gas accretion into the halo appears to be almost unaffected by feedback. These differences appear to result from the different energy injection methods from feedback (both SNe and AGNs) to gas. Our results suggest that both quasar absorption lines and fast radio burst dispersion measures could constrain these two regimes with future observations.
The non-ideal finite Larmor radius effect in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Pandey B P , Wardle Mark 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The dynamics of the partially ionized solar atmosphere is controlled by the frequent collisions and charge exchange between the predominant neutral hydrogen atoms and charged ions. At signal frequencies below or of the order of either of the collision or charge exchange frequencies, the magnetic stress is felt by both the charged and neutral particles simultaneously. The resulting neutral-mass loading of the ions leads to the rescaling of the effective ion-cyclotron frequency (it becomes the Hall frequency), and the resultant effective Larmor radius becomes of the order of few kms. Thus, the finite Larmor radius effect that manifests as the ion and neutral pressure stress tensors operates over macroscopic scales. Whereas parallel and perpendicular (with respect to the magnetic field) viscous momentum transport competes with the Ohm and Hall diffusion of the magnetic field in the photosphere–chromosphere, the gyroviscous effect becomes important only in the transition region between the chromosphere and corona, where it competes with the ambipolar diffusion. The wave propagation in the gyroviscous effect-dominated medium depends on the plasma β (a ratio of the thermal and magnetic energies). The abundance of free energy makes gyro waves unstable with the onset condition exactly opposite of the Hall instability. However, the maximum growth rate is identical to the Hall instability. For a flow gradient of ${\sim} 0.1 \, \mbox{s}^{-1}$, the instability growth time is 1 min. Thus, the transition region may become subject to this fast-growing gyroviscous instability.
ProFuse: physical multiband structural decomposition of galaxies and the mass–size–age plane
Authors: Robotham A S G , Bellstedt S , Driver S P 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the new ProFuse r package, a simultaneous spectral (ultraviolet to far-infrared) and spatial structural decomposition tool that produces physical models of galaxies and their components. This combines the functionality of the recently released ProFound (for automatic source extraction), ProFit (for extended source profiling), and ProSpect (for stellar population modelling) software packages. The key novelty of ProFuse is that it generates images using a self-consistent model for the star formation and metallicity history of the bulge and disc separately, and uses target images across a range of wavelengths to define the model likelihood and optimize our physical galaxy reconstruction. The first part of the paper explores the ProFuse approach in detail, and compares results to published structural and stellar population properties. The latter part of the paper applies ProFuse to 6664 z &lt; 0.06 GAMA galaxies. Using re-processed ugriZYJHKs imaging we extract structural and stellar population properties for bulges and discs in parallel. As well as producing true stellar mass based mass–size relationships, we further extend this correlation to explore the third dimensions of age and gas phase metallicity. The discs in particular demonstrate strong co-dependency between mass–size–age in a well-defined plane, where at a given disc stellar mass younger discs tend to be larger. These findings are in broad agreement with work at higher redshift, suggesting discs that formed earlier are physically smaller.