bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egg laying and damage by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E Smith on maize variety HJ 21 at screen house
Authors: Nonci Nurnina , Muis Amran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest on maize crop in Indonesia. FAW larvae damage the young leaves, leaf whorl, anthesis stems, and corn cobs. The purpose of the study was to observe the ability of FAW female egg-laying on the HJ 21 variety and the pest damage. The experiment held in the screen house of the Indonesian Cereal Research Institute from June to October 2020. The parameters were the number of egg mass, the number of larvae per plant, and the percentage of damaged leaves. The results showed that the female started to lay the eggs at 10 (day after planting) DAP. There were four egg-laying peaks, especially in the vegetative phase, namely at 10, 13, 19, and 34 DAP with 17, 17, 18, and 15 egg mass respectively. The percentage of damage increase from 14 and 21 DAP (68.9% and 69.3%) and increased to 77 DAP with 98.4%. the observation also showed that all plants were attacked by FAW. The average number of larvae observed at 14, 21, and 77 DAT was 0.86, 0.99, and 2.71, respectively.
Exploring representations of American Agricultural Farmers and laborers: a post-colonial reading of In a Pickle: A Family Farm Story By Jerry Apps
Authors: Ferdinal  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article investigates how Jerry Apps’ novel In A Pickle: A Family Farm Story represents the lives of American farmers and laborers in Wisconsin in the 1950s and the relevant industrial issues humans are facing nowadays. The study applies an ecological approach and post-colonial perspective especially using Bill Ashcroft’s post-colonial concepts to scrutinize a variety of representations of things from neo-colonialization to surveillance in Apps’ narrative and the post-colonial issues regarding humanity, agriculture, and industry which are elicited in the story. A post-colonial analysis of the novel deals with themes such as hegemony, othering, and ecological imperialism. Through his observations and factual evidence, Apps offers his readers some historical phenomena that impacted American farming workers, especially in Wisconsin in the 1950s. In general, his novel portrays the conflicts and sufferings of workers after the industry began to penetrate their agricultural lives. Some conflicts resulting from financial failure, crop failure, and inability to meet standards imposed by industry lead them to suffer economically, socially, and culturally and to lose the capability to produce sustainable foods.
Do women produce efficiently? Empirical evidence from rice farming in Indonesia
Authors: Utami AD 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany studies have emphasized the important role of women in the agriculture sector and rural development. However, many existing empirical studies have also shown various barrier faced by women especially due to the limited access and control of agricultural resources. This study aims to analyze the productivity and technical efficiency of female farmers in Indonesian rice industry. To this end, this study using stochastic production function analysis by employing national agricultural survey data in 2014. The empirical results finds that the productivity of female’s farmer in the Indonesian rice farming has been affected by the cultivated land, the use of fertilizer and seed, as well the type of mechanization which propose different marginal productivity for each factor. Meanwhile, the average technical efficiency level is found to be at 0.645 percent. Furthermore, the level of efficiency is explained by the role of the level of education and age of the female farmers, but no effect from the farmer group membership, and participation in the farmers training program.
The potential of forest resource management at farmer groups in the Rarung forest area
Authors: Suparyana P K , Sukardi L. , Yakin A. , Amiruddin  , Sa’diyah H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The conversion of land into agricultural land and the felling of trees in forest areas have an economic impact on the community. These activities if not managed properly will cause many problems. Poor management will cause many problems such as decreased soil fertility, erosion, extinction of flora and fauna, floods, droughts, and even global environmental changes. The purpose of this research is to analyze the economic valuation of agricultural commodities in the Rarung Forest Area. The population of this study are 3 groups of farmers in Pemepek Village, Pringgarata District, Central Lombok Regency with 54 farmers as respondents. Analysis of the data used to perform economic valuation is to calculate the Total Economic Valuation. The results showed that the Rarung Forest Area has a very large natural resource potential with a Total Economic Value of Rp.3.215.553.333,- which consists of an economic value of direct benefits amount Rp.2.925.868.333,- and the economic value of indirect benefits amount Rp.289.685.000,-. Seeing the potential of natural resources in the Rarung Forest Area, the stakeholders may be able to manage, secure, and monitor the area against all pressures and disturbances that occur.
The use of soybean and rice straw harvest waste for increasing P uptake and organic maize production in inceptisols
Authors: Sholihah Anis , Sugianto Agus 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of harvest waste (soybean and rice straw) at various doses on the efficiency of P uptake and maize yields. The study used a factorial randomized block design, the first factor being the type of harvest waste (C) two levels; C1= Rice Straw, C2= Soybean. The second factor is the dose of four levels of compost; D1 = dose of 5 tons ha-1, D2 = dose of 10 tons ha-1, D3 = dose of 15 tons ha-1, and D4 = dose of 20 tons ha-1, plus control treatment as a comparison. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the type of harvested waste compost and the dose on the parameters of plant height, leaf area, dry weight of 1000 seeds, total dry weight of plants, root uptake, crown, and total P and efficiency of P use. Treatment of soybean compost 10 tons ha-1 (C2D2) is the best treatment that can increase plant height (11.25%), stem diameter (41.38%), number of leaves and leaf area of 37.36% and 39.60%, respectively. In yield and P uptake parameters, C2D2 increased dry weight ton ha-1 (39.08%), root P uptake (258.86%), shoot P uptake (142.57%), total P uptake (158.29% ), and the efficiency P os use (12.45%). The optimum dose of straw compost was 16.76 tons ha-1 with maize yields of 5.38 tons ha-1, while the optimum dose of soybean compost was 12.85 tons ha-1 with maize yields of 5.32 tons ha-1.
Toxicity test of turmeric rhizome and lemongrass extracts against Spodoptera exiqua mortality
Authors: Mendes Johana Anike , Susanti Diana Sri , Sembiring Jefri , Badhe Hastuti 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) and lemongrass (Cymbopongon nardus) is a spice plants that are used as ingredients for making traditional medicines and have high population. The research aimed to toxicity test of turmeric rhizome and lemongrass extracts as botanical insecticide against Spodoptera exiqua mortality. Tested using four concentrations and three times repeats. The concentration for extracts same is 25 gram/ 500 ml in water, 50 gram/ 500 ml in water, 75 gram/ 500 ml in water, 100 gram/500 ml in water. The result showed the toxicity test for both extracts cause mortality 43.33% from concentration 75 gram/500 ml in water.
Contribution of cocoa shell waste as a source of energy at PT. Mars Indonesia
Authors: Pirade David , Demmallino Eymal B. , Zubair Hazairin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the natural resources that have almost no impact on environmental pollution is new and renewable energy that comes from sustainable natural processes, such as wind power, solar power, hydropower, biomass and geothermal. Several types of biomass waste have considerable potentials, such as wood waste, rice husks, straw, bagasse, palm shells, and municipal waste. Another potential that has not been exploited properly is cocoa shell waste. Indonesia is one of the world’s largest cocoa producers, the export volume in 2020 reached 377,849 thousand tons or worth USD 1.244 billion (Central Bureau of Statistics 2020). Production in 2020 is 720,660 thousand tons. People’s plantations are 1.49 million hectares (98.92%), private plantations are 11.56 thousand hectares (0.77%), and plantations are 4.81 thousand hectares (0.32%), with 60% located in Sulawesi. The conversion of biomass into energy can be carried out by several processes, including Direct combustion, Thermochemical conversion, and Biochemical conversion. This research was conducted to examine the use of cocoa shells as an energy source that is used directly after separation from the beans and channeled into a boiler for combustion. The energy produced from the boiler is used as a source of energy at PT. Indonesian Mars. The results showed that the level of efficiency and effectiveness, as well as the economic value was still good enough to be utilized because the cocoa shell-burning process was carried out immediately after the separation from the beans. The energy from the cocoa shell combustion process is 276.45 kg/hour of 4,146,355.17 kJ/hour or 1,151,765 kw/hour, while the ash from the combustion of 6,93038%/kg is still below the standard of SNI 01-6235-2000 i.e. < 8%, emissions from boiler combustion are Particulate Isokinetic 293,063 Mg/m3, Sulfur dioxide (SO2) 535 Mg/m3, Nitrogen Oxide (NO2) 505 Mg/m3, Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) 3,0295, Chlorine Gas (CL2) 0.0220 Mg/m3, Ammonia (NH3) 0.1660 Mg/m3, Florida Hydrogen (HF) 0.0195 Mg/m3, Opacity 12%, Reduced Sulfur (H,S) <0.03, Carbon Monoxide (CO) 9622 Mg/m3, Gas flow rate 2.64 m3/s.
The relationship of the participation of rice farmers in managing water resources to rice production during the Covid 19 pandemic
Authors: Limi M A , Fyka S A , Taridala S A A , Dewi H S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rice food security can be realized through increased production of irrigated rice fields. Still, floods and droughts due to extreme weather and the Covid-19 pandemic can threaten food production and security. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the participation of rice farmers in managing water resources on rice production during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted during the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic in South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The research population is all farmers who are members of the water-using farmers’ association, 130 farmers. The sample will be selected using a simple random sampling method for 39 people. Variables of lowland rice farmers’ participation in water resource management include planning, attendance, provision of fees, security and maintenance of water resources and lowland rice farming production. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square analysis. The results of this study indicate that the participation of rice farmers in managing water resources on rice production during the covid 19 pandemic in the form of planning, attendance, procurement of fees, and security in managing water resources is significantly related to lowland rice production during the Covid-19 pandemic so that Partially the higher the participation of farmers in managing water resources can increase the output of lowland rice and the availability of rice is always available to maintain regional food security.
Early performance of mangrove seedlings in abandoned fishpond rehabilitation using silvofishery approach
Authors: Hidayati Eni , Himawan Mahardika Rizqi , Hiliyana Siti , Buhari Nurliah , Valentino Niechi , Salsabila Nandita Pasya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMangrove is an essential ecosystem for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Yet, mangrove rehabilitation and restoration remain a huge challenge indicated by the unacceptably high failure rate particularly during the early stage after planting. Long-term monitoring and evaluation is one of the key factors to improve success rate. Hence, study on the seedlings’ performance is essential. This study analyzes mangrove seedlings’ health by assessing survival rate and leaf morphometrics in silvofishery sites in Buer Village, Sumbawa District, Indonesia. One-hectare plot ofRhizophora mucronataplanted on January 2020 and one-hectare plot ofRhizophora stylosaplanted on February 2020 were selected. To analyze leaf morphometrics variations, forty leaves were collected from each plot. The seedlings ofR. mucronata(CV 15%) have bigger competition and lower adaptation ability compared toR. stylosa (CV 6%). Water quality parameters supports the growth ofRhizophora, sp. The species selected is appropriate for the location (middle to upper intertidal level). The success rate is high, around 95% and 80% forR. stylosaplot andR. mucronata, respectively. Factors attributed to the high success rate are (i) hydrological intervention, (ii) ownership and buy-in, (iii) international partnership, (iv) land tenure security, and (v) regular monitoring.
The potential of processed beans in Sembalun District, East Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Halim Barli , Ahmadi Rizal , Maryati  , Sjah Taslim , Tanaya I Gusti Lanang Parta 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This research was to determine the income, added value, and feasibility of the processed bean business in Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This research used a descriptive method. Data collection techniques were questionnaires and interviews to 30 respondents of bean processors in Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency. The samples were quoted proportionally for each selected village. The data analysis methods used in this study are production costs, income, revenue, added value, and R/C Ratio. The results showed that the average production per month was 142.17 Kg. The monthly revenue received by the processed bean home industry is IDR 7,819,167, with a total income of IDR 2,744,677. The added value generated by the processed beans was IDR 5,390,350 per month (69%). The R/C ratio reached 1.54, and therefore the bean processing home industry business in Sembalun District, East Lombok Regency, is feasible. This implies that running this business is profitable and can improve the income of the bean processors, all of which can improve the food security status of their households.
Farmer household food security in two dimensions in Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Suparmin  , Budastra I Ketut , Tajidan  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Household food security is faced with two important problems, namely how to expand income sources and how to properly distribute their income for life necessities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of the distribution patterns of household income and expenditure of wetland farmers with dry land and to analyze the determinants that affect the household food security of wetland and dryland farmers in Lombok Island. The research design used a cross-sectional study with a survey method. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. In general, the qualitative data analysis used is policy analysis (program evaluation), institutional analysis, potential analysis, and priority determination of community-level problems. Qualitative data analysis was carried out through the process of filtering data, categorizing, concluding, and retesting. Quantitative data analysis used a logistic regression model. The results of the study concluded that: The sources of income of farmers in wetlands are more varied than those of dryland farmers. Meanwhile, wetland farmers household expenditures are relatively the same as wetland farmers. The food security of wetland farmer households (90%) is better than farmer households in dryland (83.3%). Meanwhile, wetland farmer household food insecurity is lower than wetland farmer households. The distribution pattern of wetland farmer household income comes from rice, and maize cultivation, while in dryland areas, it is sourced from rice, corn, and soybean farming. Distribution patterns Household expenditure of wetland and dryland farmers is divided into expenditures for food and non-food. The factors that determine household food security in dry and wetland areas are farmer household income.
Strategy development of Citarum watershed area through corporate coffee farmers in Bandung Regency, West Java
Authors: Mardiharini M , Indrawanto C , Jamal E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As an effort to conserve the upstream Citarum watershed area in Bandung Regency, as well as to increase people’s income, the Government develop coffee plantations. The main approach through the development of coffee plantation areas as a corporate identity. In addition, a Corporate of Coffee Farmers should be involvement in its member’s coffee farming largely. This study aims to: (1) identify the potential and opportunities for the development of a corporate of coffee farmers in watershed area and (2) develop recommendations for structuring the commodity supply chain based on the direction of business development. Data was collected through Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) on coffee farmers group at the Bukit Amanah Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH), and coffee farmers group of the Margamulya Coffee Producer Cooperative in Bandung Regency, West Java. The research was conducted during August – October 2020. The results show that the development of farmer corporation institutions must begin with efforts to optimize production and post-harvest by implementing upstream-downstream innovations, developing and strengthening farming financing institutions as well as processing and marketing institutions. The supply chain structuring strategy is directed at optimizing supply chain performance which is manifested in increasing efficiency, flexibility, quality, and responsiveness to changing consumer preferences.
Government policy and political economy in relation local food security in Merauke Regency
Authors: Jalal Nur , Syahruddin  , Oja Hubertus , Purnama Erwin Nugraha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Food instability can occur a food crisis, and because of that, food security is an important factor in creating food system availability. Local food security is the most important in supporting national food security, while the national food demand has not been fulfilled. The research purpose is to analyze the government policy and politics of the economy in relation to food security by using a descriptive approach. The data interpretation technique is in the form of observation concerning the empirical condition that has happened in reality and is close to literature research. The data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, verification, and data conclusion. The result shows that the local government policy of Merauke Regency in supporting food security through local food has not been optimum yet. For the production aspect in the early planting to the post-harvesting, the society executes it based on their experiences and tradition. Definitely, the result doesn’t mean maximum, although there is training that has been offered to them, but it doesn’t have continuity and the lack of assist system. For the trade aspect, the government has not set a market that is available to market the society’s products whereas as far as long the society only marketing their products locally. For the cultivation, aspect is not maximum yet with the exploiting of the slumber land to cultivate of local plants for production process continually. Because of that, it is necessary to have a supporting policy, which is integrated and supported by the political economy as a national area or regional area to support food security.
The impact of village-owned enterprises (BUMDES) in strengthening food security in Merauke Regency
Authors: Irianto Okto , Wati Caecilia Henny Setya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eastern Indonesia region, especially Merauke Regency, has a variety of land, agricultural, aquatic, fauna and flora resources that can be found in this region. However, this potential has not been widely developed so that its contribution to national development is still far from optimal. By looking at the potential of the village as well as the need to improve the economy, a new approach that was launched was Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDES). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of BUMDES in efforts to strengthen food security and identify problems and obstacles faced in the field. This type of research is qualitative research. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire sheet. The results of the study conclude that BUMDES has not had a positive impact on strengthening food security. Consistent and continuous assistance and training are needed to optimize community involvement so that BUMDES can play a positive role in food security.
Government policy and stakeholder for local food in supporting food security
Authors: Noer Elly , Siamsa Simon , Rimbayana T A K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Climate change and the growth of the world’s population, including Indonesia, have resulted in the intensive exploitation of mass food supplies. This has resulted in a shift in the consumption pattern of people who used to consume local food such as sago, tubers and bananas to switch to rice. Furthermore, dependence on rice also results in a change in land use or a shift in community forests that are intended for local plants to be reduced. Another impact of the shift in people’s consumption patterns is damage to the environment, both land and water itself. This also happened in Papua province, especially Merauke district. The purpose of this study is to analyze the government’s alignment to local food sustainability as an alternative solution to the problem of food security. The research uses a qualitative approach. The results of the study indicate that the government has taken sides in making local food more powerful but still needs support from various parties.
The contribution of the carrying capacity of dry land agriculture to the socio-economic level of farming communities in west Lombok Regency
Authors: Ayu C , Sari N M W , Wuryantoro  , Ibrahim  
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sekotong District is the area with the largest dry land in West Lombok Regency with a low level of agricultural productivity, but the agricultural sector is still the main livelihood for farmers. The purpose of the study was to determine the carrying capacity of dry land agriculture and its contribution to per capita income as well as to the socio-economic level of farming families in Sekotong District - West Lombok Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive research and data collection with survey techniques. The results showed that the carrying capacity of dry land agriculture was very low at 0.284 (less than 1.00) and the contribution of the carrying capacity to the income per capita of farmers was Rp.784.454.30/capita/year, and this indicates that the socioeconomic level of farmers are at a poor level. This per capita income, both according to the poverty criteria of Sajogjo, the Central Statistics Agency and also according to the poverty criteria of the World Bank, is still classified as very poor. This condition shows that the contribution of the carrying capacity of agricultural land in Sekotong District to the level of farmers’ welfare is very low. In order to increase the carrying capacity of dry land agriculture which can improve the welfare of farmers, it is necessary to increase production through the intensification of agriculture on the land and suppression of population growth.