bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surviving through story: Experiences of people with learning disabilities in the covid19 pandemic 2020–2021
Authors: Bartlett Terry , Charlesworth Pat , Choksi Ajay , Christian Paul , Gentry Susie , Green Vicky , Grove Nicola , Hart Craig , Kwiatkowska Gosia , Ledger Sue , Murphy Sharon , Tilley Liz , Tokley Kate 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundHistory starts from where we are now ‐ it is not just things that happened a long time ago. The global pandemic began in 2019. It has changed the lives of people with learning disabilities. We began our project during the first lockdown in April 2020. We came together to set up a website to collect stories and support and learn from each other about how to survive and keep strong. Storytelling is very important because it helps us understand what is going on. It is also a way to capture the history of people with learning disabilities at a very difficult time. We know that thousands of people with learning disabilities became ill and died in the flu epidemic of 1918. But nobody recorded their stories in their own words. We want to make sure this does not happen again, so we created an archive to help us remember.MethodsThe project was managed with an advisory group of people with and without learning disabilities who met monthly to monitor the collection and analysis of stories on the site. A site audit was performed regularly to determine the themes in the stories and who had submitted. The article describes the progress of the project, the stories we have shared, and the challenges we have faced.ConclusionsWe discuss how people with learning disabilities have been presented in the media and our views about the way we are not heard, or always shown as vulnerable victims. We have found many sad stories, but also positive ones about people being creative and supportive. We look forward to the future and share our ideas about how society could be different and more inclusive. Being part of this project has given us confidence to know we are not alone, and shown us how we can help with the recovery.
The determinant of Chinese foreign direct investments in oil exporting African countries
Authors: Gold Kafilah Lola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe observed presence of China in the top 18 oil/minerals exporting countries in Africa warrants special interest, as the engagement has extended considerably to appear as an influential, hitherto questionable, South–South cooperation. In this study, the determinants of China's Foreign direct investment (FDI) stock and flow from 2003 to 2017 is examined using Ordinary least squares (OLS), generalized least squares (GLS) and Instrumental Variable 2‐Stage Least Squares techniques. The results indicate that oil/minerals and agricultural imports facilitate more FDI, and political instability spurs more FDI. Overall, this study recommends that policymakers should enhance trade policies to improve the sustainability of China–Africa engagement.
Previously unrecognized risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia requiring emergency medical care in insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes: Results from a real‐world nested case‐control study
Authors: Settles Julie , Kan Hong , Child Christopher J. , Gorritz Magdaliz , Multani Jasjit K. , McGuiness Catherine B. , Wade Rolin L. , Frier Brian M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimSeveral risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia (SH) are associated with insulin‐treated diabetes. This study explored potential risk factors in adults with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsIn this case‐control study, adults with T2DM initiating insulin were identified in the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus database. The index date was the date of the first SH event (cases). Using incidence‐density sampling, controls were selected from those who had been exposed ‘at risk’ of SH for the same amount of time as each case. After exact‐matching on the well‐established factors, previously unreported risk factors were evaluated through conditional logistic regression.ResultsIn 3153 case‐control pairs, pregnancy [odds ratios (OR) = 3.20, p = .0003], alcohol abuse (OR = 2.43, p < .0001), short‐/rapid‐acting insulin (OR = 2.22/1.47, p < .0001), cancer (OR = 1.87, p < .0001), dementia/Alzheimer′s disease (OR = 1.73, p = .0175), peripheral vascular disease (OR = 1.59, p < .0001), antipsychotics (OR = 1.59; p = .0059), anxiolytics (OR = 1.51, p = .0012), paralysis/hemiplegia/paraplegia (OR = 1.51, p = .0416), hepatitis (OR = 1.50, p = .0303), congestive heart failure (OR = 1.47, p = .0002), adrenergic‐corticosteroid combinations (OR = 1.45, p = .0165), β‐adrenoceptor agonists (OR = 1.40, p = .0225), opioids (OR = 1.38, p < .0001), corticosteroids (OR = 1.35, p = .0159), cardiac arrhythmia (OR = 1.29. p = .0065), smoking (OR = 1.28, p = .005), Charlson Comorbidity Index score 2 (OR = 1.28, p = .0026), 3 (OR = 1.41, p = .0016) or ≥4 (OR = 1.57, p = .0002), liver/gallbladder/pancreatic disease (OR = 1.26, p = .0182) and hypertension (OR = 1.19, p = .0164) were independently associated with SH.ConclusionsAlthough all people with insulin‐treated diabetes are at risk of SH, these results have identified some previously unrecognized risk factors and sub‐groups of insulin‐treated adults with T2DM at greater risk. Scrutiny of current therapies and comorbidities are advised as well as additional glucose monitoring and education, when identifying and managing SH in vulnerable populations.
Examining the effect of IMF conditionality on natural resource policy
Authors: Goes Iasmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCan International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending improve natural resource governance in borrowing countries? While most IMF agreements mandate policy reforms in exchange for financial support, compliance with these reforms is mixed at best. The natural resource sector should be no exception. After all, resource windfalls enable short‐term increases in discretionary spending, and office‐seeking politicians are often unwilling to forgo this discretion by reforming the oil, gas, or mining sector. I investigate how and when borrowers go against their political interests and establish natural resource funds—a tool often promoted by the IMF—in the wake of a loan agreement. Using text analysis, statistical models, and qualitative evidence from natural resource policy and IMF conditionality for 74 countries between 1980 and 2019, I show that borrowers under an IMF agreement are more likely to create or regulate a resource fund, particularly if the agreement includes binding conditions that highlight the salience of natural resource reforms. This study contributes to extant research by proposing a new method to extract information from IMF conditions, by introducing a novel dataset on country‐level natural resource policy, and by identifying under what circumstances international reform efforts can help combat the resource curse.
Systematic review of hematuria and acute renal failure with tranexamic acid
Authors: Lee Stephanie G. , Fralick John , Wallis Christopher J. D. , Boctor Monica , Sholzberg Michelle , Fralick Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of tranexamic acid (TXA) and the risk of renal failure from urinary clots in adult patients with hematuria.MethodsA systematic review of Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, www.clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar were searched. Randomized control trials (RCTs) and observational studies that assessed the risk of renal failure with use of TXA among adults with hematuria were included. The primary outcome was renal failure due to urinary tract clots with TXA compared to no TXA (or placebo) or comparator.ResultsWe identified three RCTs (N = 466 patients) and three retrospective cohort studies (N=220 patients), and a total of 342 patients that had hematuria and received TXA. The patient population of the six studies included medical and surgical patients, with two of the three RCTs comprised patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and the third RCT comprised patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Documentation of renal function before and after TXA administration was documented in only two studies (N = 28 patients), and neither identified worsening renal function in those exposed to TXA.ConclusionsThere are limited studies evaluating the risk of renal failure in patients with hematuria who were exposed to TXA, and the available data does not suggest an increased risk.
Machine learning approaches for imaging‐based prognostication of the outcome of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sinclair Benjamin , Cahill Varduhi , Seah Jarrel , Kitchen Andy , Vivash Lucy E. , Chen Zhibin , Malpas Charles B. , O'Shea Marie F. , Desmond Patricia M. , Hicks Rodney J. , Morokoff Andrew P. , King James A. , Fabinyi Gavin C. , Kaye Andrew H. , Kwan Patrick , Berkovic Samuel F. , Law Meng , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesAround 30% of patients undergoing surgical resection for drug‐resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) do not obtain seizure freedom. Success of anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) critically depends on the careful selection of surgical candidates, aiming at optimizing seizure freedom while minimizing postoperative morbidity. Structural MRI and FDG‐PET neuroimaging are routinely used in presurgical assessment and guide the decision to proceed to surgery. In this study, we evaluate the potential of machine learning techniques applied to standard presurgical MRI and PET imaging features to provide enhanced prognostic value relative to current practice.MethodsEighty two patients with drug resistant MTLE were scanned with FDG‐PET pre‐surgery and T1‐weighted MRI pre‐ and postsurgery. From these images the following features of interest were derived: volume of temporal lobe (TL) hypometabolism, % of extratemporal hypometabolism, presence of contralateral TL hypometabolism, presence of hippocampal sclerosis, laterality of seizure onset volume of tissue resected and % of temporal lobe hypometabolism resected. These measures were used as predictor variables in logistic regression, support vector machines, random forests and artificial neural networks.ResultsIn the study cohort, 24 of 82 (28.3%) who underwent an ATLR for drug‐resistant MTLE did not achieve Engel Class I (i.e., free of disabling seizures) outcome at a minimum of 2 years of postoperative follow‐up. We found that machine learning approaches were able to predict up to 73% of the 24 ATLR surgical patients who did not achieve a Class I outcome, at the expense of incorrect prediction for up to 31% of patients who did achieve a Class I outcome. Overall accuracies ranged from 70% to 80%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of .75–.81. We additionally found that information regarding overall extent of both total and significantly hypometabolic tissue resected was crucial to predictive performance, with AUC dropping to .59–.62 using presurgical information alone. Incorporating the laterality of seizure onset and the choice of machine learning algorithm did not significantly change predictive performance.SignificanceCollectively, these results indicate that "acceptable" to "good" patient‐specific prognostication for drug‐resistant MTLE surgery is feasible with machine learning approaches utilizing commonly collected imaging modalities, but that information on the surgical resection region is critical for optimal prognostication.
Noninvasive mobile EEG as a tool for seizure monitoring and management: A systematic review
Authors: Biondi Andrea , Santoro Viviana , Viana Pedro F. , Laiou Petroula , Pal Deb K. , Bruno Elisa , Richardson Mark P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the last two decades new noninvasive mobile electroencephalography (EEG) solutions have been developed to overcome limitations of conventional clinical EEG and to improve monitoring of patients with long‐term conditions. Despite the availability of mobile innovations, their adoption is still very limited. The aim of this study is to review the current state‐of‐the‐art and highlight the main advantages of adopting noninvasive mobile EEG solutions in clinical trials and research studies of people with epilepsy or suspected seizures. Device characteristics are described, and their evaluation is presented. Two authors independently performed a literature review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A combination of different digital libraries was used (Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycINFO and https://clinicaltrials.gov/). Twenty‐three full‐text, six conference abstracts, and eight webpages were included, where a total of 14 noninvasive mobile solutions were identified. Published studies demonstrated at different levels how EEG recorded via mobile EEG can be used for visual detection of EEG abnormalities and for the application of automatic‐detection algorithms with acceptable specificity and sensitivity. When the quality of the signal was compared with scalp EEG, many similarities were found in the background activities and power spectrum. Several studies indicated that the experience of patients and health care providers using mobile EEG was positive in different settings. Ongoing trials are focused mostly on improving seizure‐detection accuracy and also on testing and assessing feasibility and acceptability of noninvasive devices in the hospital and at home. This review supports the potential clinical value of noninvasive mobile EEG systems and their advantages in terms of time, technical support, cost, usability, and reliability when applied to seizure detection and management. On the other hand, the limitations of the studies confirmed that future research is needed to provide more evidence regarding feasibility and acceptability in different settings, as well as the data quality and detection accuracy of new noninvasive mobile EEG solutions.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces soluble platelet activation markers and PAI‐1 in the early moderate stage of COVID‐19
Authors: Al‐Tamimi Abaher O. , Yusuf Ayesha M. , Jayakumar Manju N. , Ansari Abdul W. , Elhassan Mona , AbdulKarim Fatema , Kannan Meganathan , Halwani Rabih , Ahmad Firdos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionCoagulation dysfunction and thromboembolism emerge as strong comorbidity factors in severe COVID‐19. However, it is unclear when particularly platelet activation markers and coagulation factors dysregulated during the pathogenesis of COVID‐19. Here, we sought to assess the levels of coagulation and platelet activation markers at moderate and severe stages of COVID‐19 to understand the pathogenesis.MethodsTo understand this, hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with (severe cases that required intensive care) or without pneumonia (moderate cases) were recruited. Phenotypic and molecular characterizations were performed employing basic coagulation tests including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D‐Dimer, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). The flow cytometry‐based multiplex assays were performed to assess FXI, anti‐thrombin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, FXIII, P‐selectin, sCD40L, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), and D‐Dimer.ResultsThe investigations revealed induction of plasma P‐selectin and CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in moderate COVID‐19 cases, which were significantly abolished with the progression of COVID‐19 severity. Moreover, a profound reduction in plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and FXIII were identified particularly in the severe COVID‐19. Further analysis revealed fibrinogen induction in both moderate and severe patients. Interestingly, an elevated PAI‐1 more prominently in moderate, and tPA particularly in severe COVID‐19 cases were observed. Particularly, the levels of fibrinogen and tPA directly correlated with the severity of the disease.ConclusionsIn summary, induction of soluble P‐selectin, sCD40L, fibrinogen, and PAI‐1 suggests the activation of platelets and coagulation system at the moderate stage before COVID‐19 patients require intensive care. These findings would help in designing better thromboprophylaxis to limit the COVID‐19 severity.
NK‐cell exhaustion, B‐cell exhaustion and T‐cell exhaustion—the differences and similarities
Authors: Roe Kevin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractT‐cell exhaustion has been extensively researched, compared with B‐cell exhaustion and NK‐cell exhaustion, which have received considerably less attention; and there is less of a consensus on the precise definitions of NK‐cell and B‐cell exhaustion. NK‐cell exhaustion, B‐cell exhaustion and T‐cell exhaustion are examples of lymphocyte exhaustion, and they have several differences and similarities. Lymphocyte exhaustion is also frequently confused with anergy, cellular senescence and suppression, because these conditions can have significant overlapping similarities with exhaustion. An additional source of confusion is due to the fact that lymphocyte exhaustion is not a binary state, but instead has a spectrum of severity induced by different levels and duration of continuous antigenic stimulation. Concurrent multiple types of lymphocyte exhaustion are possible, and this situation is herein called poly‐lymphocyte exhaustion. Poly‐lymphocyte exhaustion for the same cancer or pathogen would be especially dangerous. As there are significant advantages for a pathogen by inducing poly‐lymphocyte exhaustion in an immune system, there are pathogens with an evolved capability to induce poly‐lymphocyte exhaustion. These pathogens may include certain manipulative viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoan parasites.
Investigation of Nd3+incorporation in Ce‐rhabdophane: Insight from structural flexibility and occupation mechanism
Authors: Liu Hang , Zhao Xiaofeng , Teng Yuancheng , Li Yuxiang , Zheng Xiayu , Wang Shanlin , Wu Lang , Panda Pritam Kumar , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLnPO4·0.667H2O rhabdophane has been considered as a potential material for the precipitation of actinides from radioactive waste liquid, owing to its outstanding characteristics of high actinide bearing and easy synthesis in acid solutions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the actinide occupation and the precipitation response of rhabdophane to remove actinides has yet to be established. In this study, the effect of ions concentration and pH values on the detailed precipitation reaction of CexNd1‐xPO4·0.667H2O rhabdophane in acid solutions are systematically investigated. Some specific issues such as structural distortion and flexibility, and occupation mechanism are discussed by combining with experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The results reveal that ions concentration and pH values have a significant impact on the crystallization nucleation step before 12 h. The obtained removal rate of Nd3+is more than 99% in pH 1–5 solutions with the ions concentration of 0.05–0.1 mol/L. Moreover, incorporating Nd in CePO4·0.667H2O rhabdophane will easily result in the lattice distortion inb‐axis. DFT calculation and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results reveal that Nd is preferentially incorporated in nonhydrated site to form a weaker binding energy of NdO8polyhedron.
Amphibious mudskipper populations are genetically connected along coastlines, but differentiated across water
Authors: Corush Joel B. , Pierson Todd W. , Shiao Jen‐Chieh , Katayama Yukitoshi , Zhang Jie , Fitzpatrick Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimSpecialized life histories can restrict the way that organisms move through the landscape. Some fishes, such as mudskippers in the family Gobiidae, are obligately amphibious and require a terrestrial phase in which adults build burrows and lay eggs in mudflats. To evaluate whether this restricted, out‐of‐water phase might influence population structure in one such mudskipper, we tested whether populations separated by water are more differentiated than those connected along a coastline.LocationSouth and East China Seas.TaxonPeriophthalmus modestus (family: Gobiidae, subfamily: Oxudercinae) (Cantor 1842).MethodsWe collected 236 individuals from 10 locations around the East and South China Seas. We used a targeted capture sequencing method, RADcap, to call SNPs from 365 loci. We used multiple spatial and population genetics analyses and coalescent models to address the contemporary and historic biogeography of the species.ResultsThe observed levels of genetic variation and population structure show populations of P. modestus are connected across large distances of continuous coastline and small spans of water. Restricted long‐distance dispersal across deep water has resulted in fragmentation of populations. We recovered no signal of isolation by distance, but instead, found genetic differentiation associated with regional groupings separated by large expanses of water.Main conclusionsA limited dispersal phase significantly affects population structure in this amphibious fish. The restrictive amphibious life history may be a key factor in the present‐day distribution and population structure of P. modestus. Interactions between organismal life history and geography are critical for explaining the population genetic structure of a species.
The interactive e‐book and video feedback in a multimedia learning environment: Influence on performance, cognitive, and motivational outcomes
Authors: Yorganci Serpil 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundContinuous advances in mobile and multimedia technologies have increased interest in the use of e‐books in educational settings.ObjectivesThe current study investigated how the e‐book technology and different types of feedback influenced the learning, motivation, and cognitive load of students within the differentiation unit of mathematics class.MethodsParticipants targeted for this study consisted of 125 first‐year students randomly assigned into one of four experimental conditions formed by a 2 (interactive e‐book vs. static PDF book) x 2 (simple feedback vs. video feedback) factorial design.Results and ConclusionsThe findings showed that there is a significant main interaction effect between the use of interactive e‐book and video feedback when students' achievement scores are measured. While no interaction effects on intrinsic motivation between the type of e‐book and type of feedback were found, the findings revealed interactive e‐book and video feedback separately increased intrinsic motivation. With regard to cognitive load, the results revealed that the use of interactive e‐book that delivered video feedback significantly reduced students' extraneous and intrinsic cognitive load.