bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Deep Learning Techniques for Automated Diagnosis of Non–Syndromic Craniosynostosis Using Skull
Authors: Mizutani Katsuhiro , Miwa Tomoru , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Toda Masahiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Non–syndromic craniosynostosis (NSCS) is a disease, in which a single cranial bone suture is prematurely fused. The early intervention of the disease is associated with a favorable outcome at a later age, so appropriate screening of NSCS is essential for its clinical management. The present study aims to develop a classification and detection system of NSCS using skull X-ray images and a convolutional neural network (CNN) deep learning framework. A total of 56 NSCS cases (scaphocephaly [n = 17], trigonocephaly [n = 28], anterior plagiocephaly [n = 8], and posterior plagiocephaly [n = 3]) and 25 healthy control infants were included in the study. All the cases underwent skull X-rays and computed tomography scan for diagnosis in our institution. The lateral views obtained from the patients were retrospectively examined using a CNN framework. Our CNN model classified the 4 NSCS types and control with high accuracy (100%). All the cases were correctly classified. The proposed CNN model may offer a safe and high–sensitivity screening of NSCS and facilitate early diagnosis of the disease and better neurocognitive outcome for patients.
Assessment of an AI-based triage and notification system in detecting clinical signs of retinal diseases
Authors: Agarwal Manisha , Shrivastav Ankita , Koundanya Vikram , Jain Tanya , Katre Prashant , Dutt Shibjash , Maitra Ritobroto 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study evaluates the performance of an artificial intelligence based triage and notification system that analyzes fundus photographs for nine signs: cotton wool spots, dot & blot hemorrhages, drusens, flame shaped hemorrhages, glaucomatous disc, hard exudates, retinal neovascularization, preretinal hemorrhage and vascular tortuosity. These signs may be present in multiple retinal diseases.MethodsIn a blinded and adjudicated study, a set of 3484 photographs of unique eyes from 3305 patients, from 15 fundus cameras, were graded by retina specialists, and the results compared with an AI-based system.ResultsThe AI performed at a mean sensitivity of 90.19% and a mean specificity of 88.38% across all signs. The best performance was in detecting glaucomatous disc with a sensitivity of 94.65% and a specificity of 95.36%. The worst performance for sensitivity was for detecting vascular tortuosity at 85.06% and that for specificity was for detecting drusens 85.21%.ConclusionThe AI-based system performs at acceptable sensitivity and specificity levels in comparison to retina specialists in a large sample pooled across 15 fundus cameras for 9 different clinical signs.
The influence of learning on robustness of working memory to distractors
Authors: Maria Ermolova , Valeriia Beliaeva , Nikita Novikov , Tommaso Fedele , Viktoria Moiseeva , Boris Gutkin , Matteo Feurra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInhibition of irrelevant information is a crucial process within the working memory (WM) system. In the present study, we explored how inhibition of distractors is learned within a Sternberg-like WM task and how this learning process affects readout performance. We introduced distractors of varying strength as well as novel stimuli to a classic Sternberg task. Our findings show that the length of the training period affected obstructiveness of distractors as well as differences between WM loads. Significant differences between conditions observed early on in accuracy became void after general ceiling performance was reached. Moreover, accuracy and reaction times, which are commonly used as readouts of WM performance, were affected differently by training. While both improved significantly, only accuracy exhibited differential dependency of experimental conditions on training. It is essential to consider these dynamics when introducing a WM task which requires a long training period.
Towards an understanding of actual business intelligence technology use: an individual user perspective
Authors: Trieu Van-Hau 
Published: March 2022

PurposeAlthough much is understood about Business Intelligence (BI) technology adoption, less is known about the complementary organisational resources that drive the actual use of BI systems and the impacts of BI systems at an individual employee level. This study aims to develop and test a model of the impact of key complementary organisational resources on employees' actual BI systems’ use behaviours and their decision-making performance.Design/methodology/approachTo test the research model, a cross-sectional survey of 437 North American employees, who described themselves as using a BI system to make decisions, was conducted. The partial least square (PLS), a structural equational modelling (SEM) technique, was employed to analyse the survey data.FindingsThe survey findings attest to the influence of key complementary organisational resources (i.e. data-based culture (DBC), quality of data in source systems and decision-making autonomy) on employees' actual BI use (comprising BI system dependence and BI system infusion) and on their decision-making performance. Specifically, a DBC and the quality of data in source systems are found to significantly enhance BI system dependence and BI system infusion. Decision-making autonomy, DBC, BI system dependence and BI system infusion are significant contributors to achieving decision-making performance.Originality/valueThis study proposes a theoretical model of actual BI systems’ use from an individual user perspective that increases our understanding of both the complexity of BI usage and the complementary organisational resources that drive both actual BI systems’ use and the impacts of BI systems.
Environmental sustainability practices in the hotel industry in New Zealand
Authors: Guruge Dhammika (Dave) 
Published: March 2022

PurposeThis paper analyses Environmental Sustainability (ES) policies of the hotel industry in New Zealand (NZ) and compares them with a recognised global standard – the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).Design/methodology/approachThe study considered ES policies of ten major hotel groups (consisting of 208 accommodation providers) in NZ and employed content data analysis using Leximancer software to identify the themes relating to ES and benchmark them against the GRI standards.FindingsFirms in the sample are lagging behind in regard to ES practices in comparison to GRI. Firstly, they did not follow the global standard guidelines strictly in reporting their environmental impact; secondly, they have not quantified the impact or related reductions to environmental damage and thirdly, they did not cover all relevant impact areas as outlined by the GRI in reporting some ES initiatives already in place.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings are based on the content data from websites and their executions were not validated. In addition to GRI, there could be other global organisations that can be used for future research.Practical implicationsThis study confirms the prior research findings on environmental impact in NZ, induced by tourism-hospitality sector, and provides an opportunity for the practitioners to reflect upon and develop environmental policies in line with global practices such as GRI.Originality/valuePrior studies on analysing ES of the businesses in the hotel industry are scarce. To the best of our knowledge, no prior study has attempted to analyse online content data of the NZ hotel industry to examine sustainability policies and practices and compare them against any global standard.
Technology, human resource competencies and productivity in nascent petroleum industries: an empirical study
Authors: Masiko Paul Buhenga , Oluka Pross Nagitta , Kajjumba George William , Mugurusi Godfrey , Nyesiga Sylvia Desire 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTechnology competencies (TC) and human resources (HR) play a vital role in enhancing productivity in any industry. Yet the significance and interplay of these two factors in developing economies such as Uganda that are kick-starting oil exploration is not clear. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), the underlying relationship between technology, human resources and productivity in the petroleum industry is established.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the interrelationship among the independent factors (TC and HR) and the dependent factor (productivity), a questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents in Uganda. All the targeted respondents come from the oil exploration side of the industry in Uganda. SEM, a multivariate statistical analysis technique, was applied to analyze the underlying relationships among variables.FindingsThe findings suggest that TC and HR positively and significantly influence the petroleum industry productivity (PI). Both TC and HR explain a 32% variation of the observed improvement in productivity. The relationship between the independent variables (TC and HR) and dependent variable (PI) is summarized using the equation ΔPI = 0.36 TC + 0.25 HR, with TC having a more significant effect on PI than HR.Practical implications The study thus proposes to governments and oil companies in resource constrained environments that adoption of advanced technologies in oil exploration plays a relatively much bigger role and has an overarching impact on productivity especially in countries with small scale production, or in hostile environments or with unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.Originality/valueFor developing economies with fewer resources that often face economic tradeoffs, the study examines the significance of TC and HR development in expanding the oil and gas sectors. This work, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is among the few studies that have examined the impact and the interplay of TC and HR on the productivity of emerging oil industries in developing economies such as Uganda.
Rodent scavenging of pig remains potentially increases oviposition sites for primary colonizers
Authors: Flint Casey A. , Sawyer Samantha J. , Rhinesmith‐Carranza Jennifer , Tomberlin Jeffery K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe feeding of vertebrate scavengers on animal remains has been noted for at least 30 years in relation to the creation of postmortem artifacts. However, the subsequent impact on other necrophagous arthropods, which interact with these remains has not been well documented. Herein, we report a rodent (Rattus spp.) feeding event that altered a perimortem wound beneath the jaw of a decomposing swine carcass. Point trauma such as this has been cited as insufficient for insect colonization; however, the resulting enlargement of the wound due to scavenger feeding has the potential to serve as an oviposition site where colonization would typically not be expected otherwise (i.e., in the absence of a wound or the presence of a small wound such as point trauma). In fact, colonization was observed surrounding the site of scavenger alteration. If scavenger artifacts (e.g., postmortem alteration of remains by feeding) are not identified appropriately and recognized for the effects they may have on necrophagous arthropods then associated assessments in forensic investigations could be affected.
‘A Knowing but a Discrete Man’: Scribal News and Information Management in Restoration England
Authors: Peacey Jason 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article builds upon recent interest in scribal news by analysing official uses of manuscript newsletters during the Restoration, in domestic contexts as well as in relation to Anglo‐Dutch affairs. It uses official correspondence and diplomatic archives to trace official attitudes to scribal news, as well as the processes devised for utilising newsletters. In part, this is a study of ‘information management’, and it explores the methods used for acquiring and analysing intelligence, as well as the personnel involved. But it also emphasises that officials were conscious of the shifting landscape of news across the 17th century, and of popular demand for both printed and scribal news. As such, intelligence strategies involved more than just spies and intercepts, in terms of the need to both ‘consume’ and produce scribal news, to develop relationships with intelligencers and journalists, and to exchange information. Mapping this complex news ecosystem enhances our appreciation of the ongoing relevance of scribal newsletters, but it also highlights some intractable challenges faced by the government, in terms of the tensions between disseminating information to friendly correspondents and imperilling some of its most valued intelligencers.
‘Our Masters the Commons Begin Now to Roar’: Parliament in Scribal Verse, 1621–81*
Authors: Taylor Edward 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScribal verse was an important source of news and comment about parliament in 17th‐century Britain, especially in the 1620s and 1660s–80s. Unlike other forms of scribal news, poems that circulated in manuscript did not report on parliamentary proceedings as such, but either summarised parliamentary news or provided comment on parliament's actions, nature or wider purpose, and typically presented parliament as a unitary agent that expressed a single voice. Scribal verse overwhelmingly disseminated a view of parliament as an agent of oppositional/‘country’ politics in a polarised, partisan political landscape. In the 1620s, poems represented parliament in conflict with court figures such as Francis Bacon, Viscount St Alban, and George Villiers, duke of Buckingham. Most took an oppositional perspective, praising parliament as a virtuous, corruption‐fighting body, while some loyalist/‘court’ poems depicted it as the multitude's dangerous tool. Under Charles II, oppositional poems tended to emphasise that parliament was thwarted from its rightful oppositional role by threatened prorogation and corruption by the court, while loyalist poems discredited parliament with the memory of its revolutionary mid‐century predecessors. Evidence about readers, such as the clergyman John Rous in the 1620s and the student Peter Le Neve in the 1670s, indicates that poems were consumed as part of wider bundles of news media. Some poems were themselves embedded within parliamentary culture, being written by members of parliament such as Andrew Marvell and read by others such as Sir William Haward.
A prospective cohort study on cam morphology and its role in progression of osteoarthritis
Authors: Ahedi Harbeer , Winzenberg Tania , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita , Blizzard Leigh , van Middelkoop Marienke , Agricola Rintje , Waarsing Jan H. , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCam morphology contributes to the development of hip osteoarthritis (OA) but is less studied in the general population. This study describes its associations with clinical and imaging features of hip OA.MethodsAnteroposterior hip radiographs of 1019 participants from the Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort (TASOAC) were scored at baseline for α angle (cam morphology) in both hips. Using the Altman's atlas, radiographic hip OA (ROA) was assessed at baseline. Hip pain and right hip structural changes were assessed on a subset of 245 magnetic resonance images (MRI) at 5 years. Joint registry data for total hip replacement (THR) was acquired 14 years from baseline.ResultsOf 1906 images, cam morphology was assessed in 1016 right and 890 left hips. Cross‐sectionally, cam morphology modestly associated with age (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.02 P = .03) and body mass index (BMI) (PR: 1.03‐1.07, P = .03) and strongly related to male gender (PR: 2.96, P < .001). Radiographically, cam morphology was prevalent in those with decreased joint space (PR: 1.30 P = .03) and osteophytes (PR: 1.47, P = .03). Longitudinally, participants with right cam and high BMI had more hip pain (PR: 17.9, P = .02). At the end of 5 years of follow‐up these participants were also more likely to have structural changes such as bone marrow lesions (BMLs) (PR: 1.90 P = .04), cartilage defects (PR: 1.26, P = .04) and effusion‐synovitis at multiple sites (PR: 1.25 P = .02). Cam morphology at baseline in either hip predicted up to threefold risk of THR (PR: 3.19, P = .003) at the end of 14 years.ConclusionAt baseline, cam morphology was linked with age, higher weight, male gender, early signs of radiographic OA such as joint space narrowing (JSN) and osteophytes (OST). At follow‐up, cam predicted development of hip BMLs, hip effusion‐synovitis, cartilage damage and THR. These findings suggest that cam morphology plays a significant role in early OA and can be a precursor or contribute to hip OA in later life.
Optical coherence tomography angiography metrics predict normal tension glaucoma progression
Authors: Wang Yu Meng , Shen Ruyue , Lin Timothy P.H. , Chan Poemen P. , Wong Mandy O.M. , Chan Noel C.Y. , Tang Fangyao , Lam Alexander K.N. , Leung Dexter Y.L. , Tham Clement C.Y. , Cheung Carol Y. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeTo prospectively determine the relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) metrics and visual field (VF) progression in eyes with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).MethodsProspective, cohort study conducted from January 2017 to October 2021. OCTA metrics at the peripapillary region (circumpapillary vessel density (cpVD), vessel diameter index (VDI) and fractal dimension (FD) in the radial superficial capillary network), and the macular region (macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ circularity and macular FD in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP)), were investigated and measured by a customized MATLAB program. VF was evaluated semiannually using standard automated perimetry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the relationship of OCTA metrics at baseline to the risk of NTG progression over time.ResultsThe cohort included 164 NTG patients (270 eyes), which were followed up for at least 2 years. Over a mean follow‐up period of 48.58 ± 7.98 months, 42 of the 270 NTG eyes (15.56%) developed VF deterioration. Among OCTA metrics at peripapillary region, lower superotemporal cpVD (HR per SD decrease, 1.401; 95% CI, 1.017–1.929) was associated with VF deterioration after adjusting for reported risk factors at baseline.ConclusionsLower superotemporal cpVD at peripapillary region measured from OCTA improves the prediction of VF deterioration in NTG. These findings provided further evidence to support the prognostic role of OCTA in the risk assessment of NTG progression.
Meta‐analysis: hepatitis B vaccination in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Singh Anupam Kumar , Jena Anuraag , Mahajan Gaurav , Mohindra Ritin , Suri Vikas , Sharma Vishal 
Published: March 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe response rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is variable. Increasing dose or accelerated schedule is the suggested strategy to improve seroconversion.AimWe performed a meta‐analysis to determine the pooled response rate of HBV vaccination and to identify the predictors of seroconversion.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane library databases. Studies reporting the response of HBV vaccination in IBD patients were included. Response was recorded as adequate immune response (AIR, >10 IU/L) and Effective immune response (EIR, >100 IU/L). Pooled AIR and EIR rates were calculated for different doses (10–20 μg or 40 μg) and schedules (standard: 0, 1 and 6 months or accelerated: 0, 1 and 2 months). Meta‐analysis was performed to identify the predictors of response.ResultsTwenty‐one studies including 2602 patients were eligible. Pooled AIR and EIR rates after HBV vaccination were 62% (95% CI, 55–68) and 42% (95% CI, 37–48), respectively. Pooled AIR and EIR rates for standard and double dose were similar. Pooled AIR and EIR rates were also comparable for different schedules of HBV vaccination. Gender, IBD subtype and disease activity did not affect the response rate. Use of immunosuppression [immunomodulators (RR: 0.73, 95% CI, 0.62–0.87) and anti‐TNFs (RR: 0.72, 95% CI, 0.60–0.87)] was a predictor of poor immune response compared to no immunosuppressive therapy.ConclusionPatients with IBD have a poor serological response after HBV vaccination. HBV screening and vaccination should preferably be done before starting the immunosuppressive drugs.
Transmission of the 2007–2008 financial crisis in advanced countries of the European Union
Authors: Tomczak Kamila 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to identify the main factors responsible for the 2007–2008 crisis development and transmission across the 10 developed European Union (EU) countries. In order to achieve this objective, trade and financial linkages, crisis contagion from the United States and EU countries and countries' internal and external economic vulnerabilities are examined. The results of logistic regression model covering the period from 2002 to 2012 presented in this paper indicate that the transmission of the crisis occurred through contagion from the United States but also from other EU countries. Additionally, the empirical results confirm that high inflation, a decrease in the exchange rate, and a decrease in the US long‐term interest rates increased the probability of the 2007–2008 financial crisis.
Soil nitrogen mediates the effect of climatic distance on herbivory rates in a tropical herb
Authors: Moutouama Jacob K. , Gaoue Orou G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe center‐periphery hypothesis predicts that species are most abundant at the center of their distribution range. Differential herbivory rates between center and periphery populations can explain this variation in species abundance. However, if the geographic center of a species distribution coincides with its ecological optimum, the resource availability hypothesis predicts higher herbivory rates and tolerances at the center compared to the periphery. Biogeographical studies on herbivory have treated these two mechanisms separately, limiting our mechanistic understanding of the role of herbivory in shaping species range limits. We analyzed the role of resource availability on herbivory variation from center to periphery using data collected across the distribution of Thunberbia atacorensis, a range‐limited species of West Africa. We used two types of distances: geographic distance (the distance from each plot to the geographic center of all populations) and climatic distance (the distance from each plot to the preferendum of the species). We found no increase in herbivory toward the periphery of the climatic and geographic ranges. However, herbivory rates increased with soil nitrogen. Soil nitrogen decreased from the center to the periphery of the climatic range. Phylogenetic diversity and competition from surrounding plants did not affect herbivory rates. Our study provides insights into how nutrient limitation can shape species center‐periphery distribution by altering spatial variation in herbivory rates.