bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a truly hippocampal sparing subtype of Alzheimer’s disease really exist?
Authors: Ferreira Daniel , Mohanty Rosaleena , Murray Melissa E , Nordberg Agneta K , Kantarci Kejal , Westman Eric 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe field of biological subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has recently gained attention as a strong driver of precision medicine and future clinical trials. Neuropathology and neuroimaging studies have consistently identified four subtypes: hippocampal sparing AD, typical AD, limbic predominant AD, and minimal atrophy or minimal tau NFT AD. An important and still unresolved question is whether a truly hippocampal sparing subtype of AD can really exist, since it would challenge the widely accepted model of NFT spread. To address this question, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and performed original analyses on tau PET data.MethodOur systematic review included a search on EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases up to October 2020. Original analyses included implementation of several methods for AD subtyping on tau PET, and utilization of five complementary cut points to identify hippocampal sparing AD cases both in published studies and in data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).ResultIn the three reviewed neuropathologic studies, we did not find any individual case with tau NFT in the association cortex while completely sparing the hippocampus (i.e., truly hippocampal sparing cases). In the in vivo tau PET studies, more lenient cut points consistently identified AD patients with tau NFT in the association cortex while completely sparing the hippocampus.ConclusionOur current data suggests that the hippocampal sparing subtype of AD does exist ante‐mortem, at earlier stages of the disease, but more research is needed to understand its pathogenesis and progression during life. Based on the findings from both in vivo tau PET and neuropathologic studies, we suggest that there are two possible independent pathways of tau spread: (1) a canonical pathway with early involvement of entorhinal cortex with subsequent involvement of limbic regions before eventually affecting multimodal association cortices, and (2) a less common pathway that affects multimodal association cortices with limbic involvement observed at end stages of the disease. As emphasized in the Murray 2011 study, hippocampal sparing relative to greater cortical involvement defines the phenotype.
Shared subcortical morphometry markers of cognitive impairment between Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Authors: Zhao Yuji , Goldman Jennifer , Merkitch Douglas , Gutman Boris A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases remain the two most widespread neurodegenerative disorders of our time. Though PD is far less prevalent than AD, its complex symptomatology can be useful in helping understand early progression of AD. Beyond cardinal motor symptoms, the majority of PD patients develop mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is a common prodromal stage of AD. We employed spatially adaptive machine learning models to reveal shared morphometric signatures between AD and PD‐MCIMethodWe computed shape features in 7 subcortical regions based on T1‐weighted (T1w) MRI data from 239 PD subjects with normal cognition (PD‐NC) controls/120 de novo PD‐MCI patients from the PPMI cohort, and 225 controls (ADNI‐CTL) /398 ADNI‐MCI patients from the ADNI cohort. We first trained two separate sparse spatially regularized (TV‐L1) Logit models, one to distinguish ADNI‐MCI from ADNI‐CTL and the other to separate PD‐MCI and PD‐NC. We then coupled the training of the two Logit models, penalizing the model difference weighted by local mutual information (MI) of the linear weights’ patterns. We used ROC AUC scores to assess model accuracy. As the MI map itself is updated during training, it reveals the degree of similarity between the degenerative patterns. To test its statistical significance, we bootstrapped a distribution of MI weights when optimizing Logit models for randomly labelled ADNI and PPMI subjects. The nonparametric p‐values were corrected using searchlight False Discovery Rate.ResultOut‐of‐sample ROC AUC for PD‐MCI prediction was 0.654 for the naïve model, and 0.704 for the joint model. Models and MI are displayed in Fig. 1. Only the left putamen showed a significantly similar pattern after FDR correction (Fig. 2).ConclusionWe utilized a spatially adaptive machine learning model to discover shared imaging biomarkers of cognitive decline in AD and PD. Predictive accuracy improves when the two models are trained jointly. Such shared information may provide clues for pathological understanding of cognitive decline across common neurodegenerative diseases.
DeepADNet: A CNN‐LSTM model for the multi‐class classification of Alzheimer’s disease using multichannel EEG
Authors: Ho Thi Kieu Khanh , Jeon YoungHoon , Na Eunchan , Ullah Zahid , Kim Byeong C , Lee Kun Ho , Song Jong‐In , Gwak Jeonghwan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) – an incurable and progressive brain disorder, along with a sharp upward trend in the incidence rate, is significantly important for patients to take prevention and appropriate treatments. However, the pathophysiological mechanism at the levels of AD severity is still poorly understood in spite of the worldwide financial and research efforts. Using an inexpensive and noninvasive modality, such as Electroencephalography (EEG) coupled with Deep Learning (DL)‐derived diagnostic tool to retain the accuracy and versatility, therefore, has gained much attention in AD multi‐class classification.MethodsThe present study proposes DL model, named DeepADNet, for the AD multi‐class classification using multichannel EEG. First, we extracted the event‐related spectral perturbation (ERSP) features measuring the average dynamic changes in amplitude of three main EEG frequency bands relative to a specific experimental event. Second, the hybrid deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) ‐ Long Short‐Term Memory Network (LSTM) was built to exploit the wide range of ERSP patterns on a time‐frequency domain and to generate discriminant features to classify healthy controls (HC) with two AD subject groups. To tackle the imbalance problem and improve the classification accuracy, we also applied different over‐sampling techniquesResultsThe EEG data were collected from the Oddball – a cognitive ability test with 63 subjects (23 HC, 17 Pre‐symptomatic AD (aAD) and 23 Prodromal AD (pAD) subjects) and the N‐back – a memory ability test with 36 subjects (13 HC, 11 aAD and 12 pAD subjects). We demonstrated that the ERSP patterns displayed significant differences among three subject groups during the two experimental stages. Classification results also reveal that a CNN‐LSTM model could overcome the existing methods utilizing the hand‐engineered features which demand on prior knowledge of AD analysis and achieved the highest accuracy during the Oddball (71.95% ± 0.019 and 75.95% ± 0.017) and during the N‐back (69.40% ± 0.003 and 73.70% ± 0.010) corresponding to original and SVMSMOTE‐based ERSP features.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the capability of the EEG systems to better underlie the AD progression through spatiotemporal‐dynamic regions in the brain and the potential of DL‐based models for further AD classification studies.
Evaluating frontoparietal network topography for diagnostic markers of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Rogers Bayard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA group of mild, untreated AD patients (n = 63) and a control group of healthy age‐matched individuals (n = 73) were compared on amplitudes and latencies of the N4 and P6 ERP.MethodSecondary EEG and behavioral data used for the present study was collected on participants while taking the Alzheimer’s Disease Evoked Potential Test (ADEPT) (Kilborn et al., 2009).ResultWe found a statistically‐significant difference in groups by N4 amplitude [F(1)=32.18, p < 0.001] and N4 latency [F(1)=31.41, p < 0.001], though linear models showed no interaction between these factors. A Tukey HSD post‐hoc test revealed significant pairwise differences between patients and controls (‐0.96 in N4 amplitude and 7.44 in N4 latency). We also found a statistically‐significant difference in groups by P6 amplitude [F(1)=11.12 p < 0.001] and P6 latency [F(1)=11.06, p < 0.001], and linear models showed no interaction between these factors. A Tukey HSD post‐hoc test revealed significant pairwise differences between patients and controls (‐1.13 in P6 amplitude and 7.70 in P6 latency).ConclusionOur results reveal a distinct N4/P6 ERP amplitude attenuation and subsequent component latency increase of mild untreated AD patients during cross‐modal memory tasks, while systematically showing statistically significant group effects in N4/P6 amplitudes and latencies of controls and patients making old/new recognition judgments. Our findings go further to provide evidence that N4 ERP anomalies are potentially more effective than those of their P6 counterpart for use as possible candidate AD biomarkers. Using EEG scalp topography, we visually demonstrate how and approximately where healthy control participants demonstrate neural cohesion through FPN shifting during cross‐modal tasks whereas the AD patients do not.
Grenzen der Verfahren zur Bewertung des Sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes nach DIN 4108‐2:2013
Authors: Freudenberg Peggy , Budny Oda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDie Methodik der DIN 4108‐2 zur Bewertung der Überhitzungswahrscheinlichkeit eines kritischen Raumes entspricht nicht mehr den wissenschaftlichen und technischen Standards. Die Kritik in der Fachliteratur hat zugenommen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Hintergründe der DIN 4108‐2 erläutert und bekannte Anwendungsgrenzen und Unzulänglichkeiten aus der Literatur zusammengefasst. Diese betreffen sowohl angenommene Randbedingungen als auch die Abbildung der relevanten physikalischen Effekte und Bewertungsgrößen. Darüber hinaus wird dargelegt, dass Gebäudenutzung, Raumeigenschaften und Klima als relevante Kategorien in der Betrachtung des Überhitzungsrisikos differenzierter abgebildet werden müssen. Anhand von fünf Praxisbeispielen werden Widersprüche zwischen Ergebnissen des vereinfachten Sonneneintragskennwerte‐Verfahrens, Simulationen mit Randbedingungen gemäß DIN 4108‐2 und Simulationen mit gebäudespezifischen Randbedingungen aufgezeigt. Anhand eines Vergleiches von Mess‐ und Simulationsergebnissen für einen dieser Beispielräume werden auch Grenzen der Simulationsrechnungen angesprochen. Ziel der Darstellung ist es, zwischen der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion, die von stark idealisierten Fällen getragen ist, und den planerischen Herausforderungen der Praxis, in welcher die Anwendbarkeit dieser Nachweisansätze oft unklar ist, zu vermitteln.
A Research on Quality Evaluation of Eight Wild Edible Macrofungi Collected from East Mediterranean Region of Turkey
Authors: Kıvrık Merve , Süfer Özge , Bozok Fuat 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEight edible macrofungal species (Suillus collinitus, Rhizopogon roseolus, Lactarius sanguifluus, Lycoperdon molle, Ganoderma adspersum, Pleurotus cornucopiae, Lycoperdon perlatum, Macrolepiota procera) grown in Osmaniye were studied. Besides the evaluation of fresh forms, the mushrooms were dried at 40 °C, and the color, texture, protein and mineral contents, and bioactivities (total phenolic content, (TPC) and antioxidant activities by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS techniques) were determined. The protein, macro and micro mineral contents of dried samples were in range of 11.31–55.31 %, 132.75–50844.80 and 0.30–812.05 mg/kg, respectively. TPC of fresh samples were 10227.13–42216.89 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/kg dry matter (DM) in methanolic solution, 3625.31–28809.99 mg GAE/kg DM in ethanolic solution, and decreased by drying process. ABTS method yielded higher results in fresh specimens, however, DPPH method in ethanol and FRAP method in methanol were the superior in dried forms.
Interfacial Regulation of Electron‐enhanced Co2P−CuP2 Sheet‐like Heterostructure as a Robust Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting and Zn−H2O Cell
Authors: Wang Lixia , Zhao Yunru , Huang Zhiyang , Rao Xianfa , Guo Man , Isimjan Tayirjan Taylor , Yang Xiulin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConstructing the precious metal‐free bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable for overall water splitting and energy conversion devices in an alkaline medium. Here, the interface regulation strategy aims to synthesize a sheet‐like Co2P−CuP2 heterostructure supported on nickel foam (NF) through hydrothermal reaction, electrodeposition and phosphating treatment. The Co2P−CuP2/NF exhibits extraordinary electrocatalytic performance with overpotentials of 220 mV and 93 mV for OER and HER at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Remarkably, an electrolyzer cell originated from Co2P−CuP2/NF electrodes required an ultralow cell voltage of 1.77 V@500 mA cm−2 and 2.38 V@1000 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting with prominent stability of at least 160 h. In addition, the Zn−H2O cell is assembled with Co2P−CuP2/NF as the cathode, achieving a high power density of 19.8 mW cm−2 and long‐term stability of 120 h. The electron transfer between Co and Cu species in the Co2P−CuP2/NF heterojunction can effectively improve the interaction between the active sites and the intermediates, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic activity. This work opens up new insights into the preparation of highly active and durable bimetallic phosphide catalysts for water splitting and Zn−H2O cells.
Melt Emulsions: Influence of the Cooling Procedure on Crystallization and Recrystallization of Emulsion Droplets and their Influence on Dispersion Viscosity upon Storage
Authors: Reiner Jasmin , Ly Tran T. , Liu Lingyue , Karbstein Heike P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmulsions with crystalline dispersed phase are widely used formulations in life sciences. Unfortunately, these products often are unstable resulting in changes of their rheological behavior. These changes could be linked to shape transformations of crystallized droplets, depending on the cooling rate in their production and temperature of storage. In a thermo‐optical method, shape changes were investigated in a broad range of constant cooling rates or cooling rate ramps close to industrial processes. Cooling at slow to moderate cooling rates (0.1–50 K min−1), as found in typical stirred vessel tanks, induced self‐shaping of droplets during crystallization, which resulted in platelet‐like particles and fibers, deviating greatly from the formerly spherical shape. In contrast, fast cooling as found in heat exchangers resulted in mostly spherical shapes less prone to recrystallization‐induced instabilities.
Equilibrium and thermodynamic study of trichloroethylene adsorption on activated carbon in a fluidized bed and its thermal regeneration
Authors: Nikam Shradha , Mandal Debapriya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOC), used as solvents in industries, are major sources of air pollution. Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated VOC widely used in industries. TCE vapours are toxic in nature and adversely affect human health and the surrounding environment when exposed over the threshold limit value for a long duration. Adsorption of TCE vapours using activated carbon as an adsorbent in a fluidized bed and its thermal regeneration is a viable, effective, and economic technology for its separation from air. However, before designing such a system, the equilibrium and thermodynamic study of the adsorption of TCE vapour on activated carbon is important. In this study, the dynamic adsorption of TCE vapour was carried out in a fluidized bed using nitrogen as the carrier gas. The effect of operating conditions, including particle size of activated carbon (212–710 μm), flowrate of nitrogen (carrier gas), adsorption temperature (303–353 K), and the concentration of TCE vapour in nitrogen at the inlet (25–85 mg/L) on the adsorption capacity of TCE on the fluidized bed of activated carbon, was examined. The experimental results obtained were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of TCE was spontaneous, exothermic, and physical in nature. The effect of regeneration temperature and purge gas flowrate on the renewal of used activated carbon was also studied.
Biochemical Screening of Potent Zika Virus Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Coelho Camila , Gallo Gloria , Hardy Leon , Bottazzi Maria Elena , Campos Claudia , Würtele Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs the Zika virus protease is an essential and well‐established target for the development of antiviral agents, we biochemically screened for inhibitors using a purified recombinantly expressed form of this enzyme. As a result, we were able to identify 10 new Zika virus protease inhibitors. These compounds are natural products and showed strong inhibition in the biochemical assays. Inhibitory constants values for the compounds ranged from 5 nM to 8 μM. Among the most potent inhibitors are flavonoids like irigenol hexa‐acetate (Ki=0.28 μM), katacine (Ki=0.26 μM), theaflavin gallate (Ki=0.40 μM) and hematein (Ki=0.33 μM). Inhibitors from other groups of natural products include sennoside A (Ki=0.19 μM) and gossypol (Ki=0.70 μM). Several of the obtained compounds are known for their beneficial health effects and have acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics. Thus, they could be of interest as lead compounds for the development of important and essential Zika antiviral drugs.
Is the presence of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes predictive of outcomes in patients with melanoma?
Authors: Morrison Steven L. , Han Gang , Elenwa Faith , Vetto John T. , Fowler Graham , Leong Stanley P. , Kashani‐Sabet Mohammed , Pockaj Barbara A. , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Zager Jonathan S. , Sondak Vernon K. , Messina Jane L. , Mozzillo Nicola , Schneebaum Schlomo , Han Dale ,   for the Sentinel Lymph Node Working Group
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe significance of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in melanoma is debated. This article presents a multicenter, retrospective study assessing the predictive and prognostic value of TILs.MethodsThe Sentinel Lymph Node Working Group database was queried from 1993 to 2018 for cases with known TIL data. TILs were categorized as absent or present, which included nonbrisk (NB), brisk (B), and present but unspecified TIL levels. Clinicopathologic factors were correlated with TILs, sentinel lymph node (SLN) status, and melanoma‐specific survival (MSS).ResultsOverall, 3203 patients were included. The median thickness was 1.5 mm, and 469 cases had SLN metastases. TILs were present in 2458 cases (76.7%), with NB, B, and unspecified TILs seen in 1691 (68.8%), 691 (28.1%), and 76 (3.1%), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of TILs significantly predicted a negative SLN biopsy (P < .05). The median follow‐up was 25.2 months. MSS was significantly better for cases with TILs than cases without TILs (P < .001). According to multivariable analysis, age, gender, thickness, mitotic rate, ulceration, lymphovascular invasion, and SLN status were significantly prognostic of MSS (all P values < .05). Although TILs were not prognostic of MSS, when multiple imputation was used and the SLN status was excluded, the presence of TILs was significantly prognostic of improved MSS (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.64‐0.95; P = .0154).ConclusionsTILs are a favorable marker because their presence significantly predicts a negative SLN, and the absence of TILs may be a prognostic marker of worse survival in patients with a positive SLN but not a negative SLN. TILs may also serve as a prognostic marker of survival when the SLN status is not considered.
Association between the amount of artificial hydration and quality of dying among terminally ill patients with cancer: The East Asian Collaborative Cross‐Cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying Process
Authors: Wu Chien‐Yi , Chen Ping‐Jen , Cheng Shao‐Yi , Suh Sang‐Yeon , Huang Hsien‐Liang , Lin Wen‐Yuan , Hiratsuka Yusuke , Kim Sun‐Hyun , Yamaguchi Takashi , Morita Tatsuya , Tsuneto Satoru , Mori Masanori ,   EASED Investigators
Published: February 2022

BackgroundArtificial hydration (AH) is a challenging issue in terminally ill patients with cancer, because it influences patients' symptoms control, quality of life, and quality of dying (QOD). To date, it is not clear how much AH supply is proper for imminently dying patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between the amount of AH and QOD.MethodsThis study is part of the East Asian Collaborative Cross‐Cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying Process (EASED) conducted in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan from January 2017 to September 2018. Patients' demographics, symptoms, and managements on admission to palliative care units (PCUs) and before death were recorded. The AH amount was classified into different groups by 250‐mL intervals to compare their difference. The Good Death Scale (GDS) was used to measure QOD, with patients classified into higher or lower QOD groups using GDS = 12 as the cutoff point. We used logistic regression analysis to assess the association between AH amount and QOD.ResultsIn total, 1530 patients were included in the analysis. Country, religion, spiritual well‐being, fatigue, delirium, dyspnea, AH, and antibiotics use before death were significantly associated with QOD. After conducting regression analysis, patients administered with 250 to 499 mL AH had significantly better QOD (odds ratio, 2.251; 95% confidence interval, 1.072‐4.730; P = .032) than those without AH.ConclusionsAH use impacts the QOD of terminally ill patients with cancer admitted to PCUs. Communication with patients and their families on appropriate AH use has a positive effect on QOD.Lay Summary

Our prospective cross‐cultural multicenter study aims to investigate the relationship between artificial hydration (AH) amount and quality of dying among terminally ill patients with cancer.

The findings reveal that country, religion, spiritual well‐being, fatigue, delirium, dyspnea, AH, and antibiotics use before death were significantly associated with quality of death (QOD).

After multivariable logistic regression, patients administered with AH amount 250 to 499 mL had significantly better QOD (odds ratio, 2.251; 95% confidence interval, 1.072‐4.730; P = .032) than those without AH.

Communication with patients and their families regarding AH is recommended as it may help them be better prepared for the end‐of‐life stage and achieve a good death.