bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Social Ballroom Dancing and Treadmill Walking: Preliminary Findings on Executive Function and Neuroplasticity From Dementia-at-Risk Older Adults
Authors: Blumen Helena M. , Ayers Emmeline , Wang Cuiling , Ambrose Anne F. , Jayakody Oshadi , Verghese Joe 
Published: December 2022

This randomized controlled trial (NCT03475316) examined the relative efficacy of 6 months of social ballroom dancing and treadmill walking on a composite executive function score, generated from digit symbol substitution test, flanker interference, and walking while talking tasks. Brain activation during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) versions of these executive function tasks were secondary outcomes. Twenty-five dementia-at-risk older adults (memory impairment screen score of ≥3 to ≤6 and/or an Alzheimer’s disease-8 Dementia Screening Interview of ≥1) were randomized in June 2019 to March 2020—16 completed the intervention before study termination due to the COVID-19 (eight in each group). Composite executive function scores improved post-intervention in both groups, but there was no evidence for between-group differences. Social dancing, however, generated greater improvements on digit symbol substitution test than treadmill walking. No intervention-related differences were observed in brain activation—although less hippocampal atrophy (tertiary) was observed following social dancing than treadmill walking. These preliminary findings are promising but need to be confirmed in future large-scale and sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials.
The Influence of Extreme Levels of the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure on the Structure of Nightside Auroral Precipitation
Authors: Vorobjev V. G. , Yagodkina O. I. , Antonova E. E. , Kirpichev I. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The data from the DMSP spacecraft were used to study the characteristics of ion and electron precipitation in the nightside sector of the auroral zone during magnetically quiet periods at extreme values of the solar wind dynamic pressure (Psw). It was shown that the ion pressure at the isotropy boundary (IB) increases with Psw and can reach a level of 4–6 nPa at Psw = 20–22 nPa. The latitude profiles of the ion pressure obtained at different levels of Psw indicate that the increase in Psw is accompanied by an expansion of the ion precipitation region and a shift of the IB to lower latitudes. At 〈Psw〉 = 0.5 nPa, the IB latitude is ~70.4° CGL, while at 〈Psw〉 = 16.3 nPa, it shifts toward the equator to ~64.6° CGL. As the Psw level decreases, the energy fluxes of precipitating electrons decrease significantly. At Psw < ~2.0 nPa, auroras in the region of the auroral oval can be considered subvisual. At extremely low values of dynamic pressure, Psw= ~0.2 nPa, it becomes very problematic to identify the zone of electron and ion precipitation.
Eligibility and Implementation of Rivaroxaban for Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombosis in Clinical Practice—Insights From the CANHEART Study
Authors: Sheth Maya S. , Yu Bing , Chu Anna , Porter Joan , Tam Derrick Y , Ferreira‐Legere Laura E. , Goodman Shaun G. , Farkouh Michael E. , Ko Dennis T. , Abdel‐Qadir Husam , Udell Jacob A. 
Published: December 2022

Background
The COMPASS (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies) trial decreased major adverse cardiovascular events with very low‐dose rivaroxaban and aspirin in patients with coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. We examined the eligibility and potential real‐world impact of this strategy on the COMPASS‐eligible population.

Methods and Results
COMPASS eligibility criteria were applied to the CANHEART (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) registry, a population‐based cohort of Ontario adults. We compared 5‐year major adverse cardiovascular events and major bleeding rates stratified by COMPASS eligibility and by clinical risk factors. We applied COMPASS trial rivaroxaban/aspirin arm hazard ratios to estimate the potential impact on the COMPASS‐eligible cohort. Among 362 797 patients with coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease, 38% were deemed eligible, 47% ineligible, and 15% indeterminate. Among eligible patients, a greater number of risk factors was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular outcomes, whereas bleeding rates increased minimally. Over 5 years, applying COMPASS treatment effects to eligible patients resulted in a 2.4% absolute risk reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events and a number needed to treat of 42, and a 1.3% absolute risk increase of major bleeding and number needed to harm (NNH) of 77. Those with at least 2 risk factors had a 3.0% absolute risk reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (number needed to treat =34) and a 1.6% absolute risk increase of major bleeding (number needed to harm =61).

Conclusions

Implementation of very‐low‐dose rivaroxaban therapy would potentially impact

≈

$$ \approx $$

2 in 5 patients with atherosclerotic disease in Ontario. Eligible individuals with

≥

$$ \ge $$

2 comorbidities represent a high‐risk subgroup that may derive the greatest benefit‐to‐risk ratio. Selection of patients with high‐risk predisposing factors appears appropriate in routine practice.
Association of Chronic Covert Cerebral Infarctions and White Matter Hyperintensities With Atrial Fibrillation Detection on Post‐Stroke Cardiac Rhythm Monitoring: A Cohort Study
Authors: Amberger Ulfrid , Lippert Julian , Mujanovic Adnan , Beyeler Morin , Siepen Bernhard , Vynckier Jan , Scutelnic Adrian , Goeldlin Martina , Seiffge David , Jung Simon , Gralla Jan , Arnold Marcel , Kaesmacher Johannes , Reichlin Tobias , Tanner Hildegard , Fischer Urs , Roten Laurent , Meinel Thomas Raphael 
Published: December 2022

Background
This study was conducted to explore the association of different phenotypes, count, and location of chronic covert brain infarctions (CBIs) with detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) on prolonged post‐stroke cardiac rhythm monitoring (PCM).

Methods and Results
We conducted a cohort single‐center study of consecutive first‐ever ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients undergoing PCM between January 2015 and December 2017. We blindly rated CBI phenotypes according to established definitions and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) according to the age‐related white matter changes rating scale. We used (multiple) regression models to assess the association of the imaging biomarkers and incident AF on PCM. A total of 795 patients (median [interquartile range]) aged 69 (57–78) years, 41% women, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 2 (0–5), median PCM duration 14 (7–14) days, and AF detection in 61 patients (7.7%) were included. On univariate analysis, WMHs (per point odds ratio, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.03–1.78]) but not CBIs (odds ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.52–1.56]) were associated with AF detection. Neither CBI phenotype, count, nor location were associated with AF detection. After adjustment for age, hypertension, and stroke severity, neither increasing WMHs (per point adjusted odds ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.60–1.20]) nor CBIs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.33–1.09]) were independently associated with AF detection.

Conclusions
Although WMHs and CBIs represent surrogate biomarkers of vascular risk factors, neither WMHs nor CBIs, including their phenotypes, count, and location, were independently associated with AF detection on PCM. In patients with manifest ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, the presence of imaging biomarkers of chronic ischemic injury does not seem promising to further refine prediction tools for AF detection on PCM.
The Politics of Environmental Consensus: The Case of the World Commission on Dams
Authors: Schulz Christopher , Adams William M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent discussion of global environmental assessment processes suggests that the process of consensus creation is central to understanding the way knowledge is produced and conclusions are reached. Here we contribute to this literature by providing a case study of the World Commission on Dams, which brought together supporters and opponents of large dams, at the height of controversy about dams in the 1990s. The Commission reviewed evidence and formulated guidelines for best practice, finding a way through a political stalemate. The article draws on interviews with those involved in the Commission and discusses the historical context, form of stakeholder representation, time horizon, and leadership style as consensus-enabling conditions. We conclude that an ambitious consensual process was successful within the life of the Commission, but at the cost of carrying external actors with it, leading to challenges with dissemination and uptake of consensual recommendations.
Growing Apart: China and India at the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
Authors: Yang Shiming 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Developing countries are growing apart on environmental issues. International environmental negotiations are no longer characterized merely by the North–South conflict. Rising powers have come to divide the Global South and redefine the Common-But-Differentiated Responsibilities principle. This article explains the divergence of China and India at the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, one of the first global environmental agreements to differentiate obligations between developing countries. China and India, the world’s two largest hydrofluorocarbon producers, ended decades of collaboration and split the rest of the developing world behind them. I argue that developmental strategy and political institutions shape the preferences and influences of industrial, governmental, and social stakeholders, thereby explaining their negotiation behavior and outcome. This article explains why China moved faster and further than India on negotiations for hydrofluorocarbon regulation. It has important implications for the two rising powers’ implementation of the Kigali Amendment and for their position formulations on other environmental issues.
Extreme Wildfire Environments and Their Impacts Occurring with Offshore-Directed Winds across the Pacific Coast States
Authors: Garner Jonathan M. , Kovacik Carly E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wildfires that posed an immediate threat to life and property during the period 1933–2021 were examined across the Pacific Coast states of California, Oregon, and Washington. Such fires were identified in local, state, and federal data archives and other sources that yielded 150 events for analysis. A subset of those fires was sorted into one of two synoptic-scale patterns associated with an autumn-season offshore-directed low-level flow regime and a summer-season non-offshore-directed low-level flow regime. Proximity analysis soundings near the offshore wind-driven wildfires frequently displayed ingredients that supported gap and mountain-wave development, which were responsible for generating fast-moving wildfires, long-distance spotting, and firebrand showers that resulted in loss of life and property. Paradoxically, the most extreme combinations of strong winds and low relative humidity were observed near high-population centers in Southern California, yet the most destructive and deadly fires were in less-populated regions of northern California and western Oregon. Additional analysis of 40 Fire Behavior Fuel Models data, housing development in the wildland–urban interface, and U.S. census demographic information revealed that the northern California and western Oregon wildfires were associated with more devastating outcomes because 1) a higher ratio of communities were intermixed with flammable fuels, 2) fire ignitions of an electrical origin occurred in wind-prone corridors that were upstream from communities, and 3) communities in northern California and western Oregon were composed of a greater percentage of socially vulnerable people such as the elderly who were less capable of perceiving and evading intense rapidly evolving wildfires.
Relationship between paramagnetic rim lesions and slowly expanding lesions in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Calvi Alberto , Clarke Margareta A , Prados Ferran , Chard Declan , Ciccarelli Olga , Alberich Manel , Pareto Deborah , Rodríguez Barranco Marta , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Tur Carmen , Rovira Alex , Barkhof Frederik 
Published: December 2022

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers for chronic active lesions in MS include slowly expanding lesions (SELs) and paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs). Objectives: To identify the relationship between SELs and PRLs in MS, and their association with disability. Methods: 61 people with MS (pwMS) followed retrospectively with MRI including baseline susceptibility-weighted imaging, and longitudinal T1 and T2-weighted scans. SELs were computed using deformation field maps; PRLs were visually identified. Mixed-effects models assessed differences in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score changes between the group defined by the presence of SELs and or PRLs. Results: The median follow-up time was 3.2 years. At baseline, out of 1492 lesions, 616 were classified as SELs, and 80 as PRLs. 92% of patients had ⩾ 1 SEL, 56% had ⩾ 1 PRL, while both were found in 51%. SELs compared to non-SELs were more likely to also be PRLs (7% vs. 4%, p = 0.027). PRL counts positively correlated with SEL counts (ρ= 0.28, p = 0.03). SEL + PRL + patients had greater increases in EDSS over time (beta = 0.15/year, 95% confidence interval (0.04, 0.27), p = 0.009) than SEL+PRL-patients. Conclusion: SELs are more numerous than PRLs in pwMS. Compared with either SELs or PRLs found in isolation, their joint occurrence was associated with greater clinical progression.
Understanding what we know so far about young people's engagement with wellbeing apps. A scoping review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Antezana Gaston , Venning Anthony , Smith David , Bidargaddi Niranjan 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundIncreased levels of wellbeing contribute to people being more productive, resilient, physically healthy and showing lower levels of mental illness. Using mobile apps to increase wellbeing in young people is becoming the method of choice. This study sought to critically appraise the current evidence base with regards to young people's (16–24 years of age) engagement with wellbeing apps.MethodsA systematic review of the literature and narrative synthesis was conducted to investigate users’ characteristics and other potential engagement elements. A total of 11,245 titles, 160 abstracts and 68 full-text articles published between 2002 and 2021 were screened, of which 22 studies were included.ResultsMain themes/findings indicated that a user's engagement with wellbeing apps was dependant on the presence of strong identity elements, including motivation, mood and values; design elements such as meaningful rewards, short duration of studies and seamless automatic delivery with low contact with researchers; and being innovative and contextualised. The majority of the studies did not report outcomes by social determinants such as ethnicity, education and others.ConclusionThis research reflects on the need to consider participants’ individuality when designing app mediated wellbeing interventions.
Standardized Nursing Approach to Acute Aortic Dissection Patient: A Practice Update
Authors: Privitera Daniele , Capsoni Nicolò , Vailati Paolo , Terranova Gianluca , Aseni Paolo 
Published: December 2022

Background Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a rare condition but represents a time-sensitive disease for which a wrong and untimely identification in the triage phase could compromise the subsequent diagnostic, therapeutic path and patient's prognosis. The emergency nurse plays a crucial role in identifying and managing patients with possible AAD. The aim of this paper is to describe the emergency department nursing approach to critical patients with suspected hyperacute/acute AAD. Purpose It is crucial to examine the emergency departments nursing approach to patients with suspected AAD. It is fundamental to have a rapid and standardized approach related to life-saving procedures, practices, and management of critical patients during the triage phase, with the assessment of the most common presentation of clinical signs and symptoms and patient management during each step in the emergency department. Conclusion Early identification and diagnosis in ED allow prompt treatment that improves prognosis. The emergency nurse plays a crucial role in correctly identifying and managing patients with acute aortic dissection. High clinical suspicion from the triage stages, early diagnosis, monitoring, and initial clinical stabilization in the emergency department plays a key role while awaiting definitive treatment.
Lung proteome and metabolome endotype in HIV-associated obstructive lung disease
Authors: Samorodnitsky Sarah , Lock Eric F. , Kruk Monica , Morris Alison , Leung Janice M. , Kunisaki Ken M. , Griffin Timothy J. , Wendt Chris H. 
Published: December 2022

PurposeObstructive lung disease is increasingly common among persons with HIV, both smokers and nonsmokers. We used aptamer proteomics to identify proteins and associated pathways in HIV-associated obstructive lung disease.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 26 persons living with HIV with obstructive lung disease were matched to persons living with HIV without obstructive lung disease based on age, smoking status and antiretroviral treatment. 6414 proteins were measured using SomaScan® aptamer-based assay. We used sparse distance-weighted discrimination (sDWD) to test for a difference in protein expression and permutation tests to identify univariate associations between proteins and forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted (FEV1% pred). Significant proteins were entered into a pathway over-representation analysis. We also constructed protein-driven endotypes using K-means clustering and performed over-representation analysis on the proteins that were significantly different between clusters. We compared protein-associated clusters to those obtained from BALF and plasma metabolomics data on the same patient cohort.ResultsAfter filtering, we retained 3872 proteins for further analysis. Based on sDWD, protein expression was able to separate cases and controls. We found 575 proteins that were significantly correlated with FEV1% pred after multiple comparisons adjustment. We identified two protein-driven endotypes, one of which was associated with poor lung function, and found that insulin and apoptosis pathways were differentially represented. We found similar clusters driven by metabolomics in BALF but not plasma.ConclusionProtein expression differs in persons living with HIV with and without obstructive lung disease. We were not able to identify specific pathways differentially expressed among patients based on FEV1% pred; however, we identified a unique protein endotype associated with insulin and apoptotic pathways.
Recent Advances in Drilling Tool Temperature: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Zhu Zhaoju , Sun Xinhui , Guo Kai , Sun Jie , Li Jianfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDrilling is regarded as the most complex manufacturing process compared with other conventional machining processes. During the drilling process, most of the energy consumed in metal cutting is converted to heat and increases temperature considerably. The resulting thermal phenomena are important since they influence the mode of deformation, the final metallurgical state of the machined surface, and the rate of tool wear. Hence, understanding the temperature characteristics in the drilling process is crucial for enhancing the drill performance and process efficiency. Extensive efforts have been conducted to measure and control the drilling tool temperature successively. However, very few studies have been conducted from a comprehensive perspective to review all the efforts. To address this gap in the literature, a rigorous review concerning the state-of-the-art results and advances in drilling tool temperature is presented in this paper by referring to the wide comparisons among literature analyses. The multiple aspects of drilling tool temperature are precisely detailed and discussed in terms of theoretical analysis and thermal modeling, methods for temperature measuring, the effect of cutting parameters, tool geometries and hole-making methods on temperature and temperature controlling by different cooling methods. In conclusion, several possible future research directions are discussed to offer potential insights for the drilling community and future researchers.
The alteration of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification at the transcriptome-wide level in response of heat stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Qi Ying , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Jing , Wang Jing , Li Qiuling 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Heat stress has a substantial negative economic impact on the dairy industry. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal RNA modification in eukaryotes and plays a key role in regulating heat stress response in animals. In dairy cows, however, this modification remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we examined the effects of heat stress on the m6A modification and gene expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells to elucidate the mechanism of heat stress response. In this study, Mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen (MAC-T) cells were incubated at 37 °C (non-heat stress group, NH) and 40 °C (heat stress group, H) for 2 hours, respectively. HSP70, HSF1, BAX and CASP3 were up regulated in H group compared with those in the NH group.

Results
Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were conducted to identify m6A peaks and to produce gene expression data of MAC-T cells in the H and NH groups. In total, we identified 17,927 m6A peaks within 9355 genes in the H group, and 18,974 peaks within 9660 genes in the NH groups using MeRIP-seq. Compared with the NH group, 3005 significantly differentially enriched m6A peaks were identified, among which 1131 were up-regulated and 1874 were down-regulated. In addition, 1502 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified using RNA-seq, among which 796 were up-regulated and 706 were down-regulated in the H group compared to the NH group. Furthermore, 199 differentially expressed and synchronously differentially methylated genes were identified by conjoint analysis of the MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data, which were subsequently divided into four groups: 47 hyper-up, 53 hyper-down, 59 hypo-up and 40 hypo-down genes. In addition, GO enrichment and KEGG analyses were used to analyzed the potential functions of the genes in each section.

Conclusion
The comparisons of m6A modification patterns and conjoint analyses of m6A modification and gene expression profiles suggest that m6A modification plays a critical role in the heat stress response by regulating gene expression.