bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Wind Screens on the Performance of an Induced Draft Air-Cooled Condenser Under Windless and Windy Conditions
Authors: Bekker G. M. , Meyer C. J. , van der Spuy S. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wind generally reduces the thermal effectiveness of air-cooled condensers (ACCs). Therefore, this study investigates wind screens as a means to improve the performance of a 20-fan induced draft ACC under windy conditions. Two wind-screen configurations are tested: walls extending above the fan platform (termed wind walls) and walls extending below the fan platform (termed wind skirts). The performance of this five-by-four ACC is evaluated using the open-source computational fluid dynamics code, OpenFOAM. The performance is first analyzed under windless operating conditions and then when the ACC is subjected to wind speeds of 3, 6, and 9 m/s directed along the shorter and longer axes of the ACC. Under windless conditions, wind walls increase the ACC’s thermal effectiveness by 1.0%. Wind skirts, however, reduce the effectiveness by 1.8%. Depending on the wind speed and direction, wind walls increase the mean thermal effectiveness of the ACC by 0.3–3.9% under windy conditions. Wind skirts, on the other hand, are only beneficial at higher wind speeds: At 3 m/s, the effectiveness declines by 1.4–2.1%; at 6 m/s, the change in effectiveness ranges from −0.4% to 2.2%; and at 9 m/s, the effectiveness increases by 2.4–3.8%. Wind walls are therefore considered more effective than wind skirts for the tested range of wind speeds.
Experimental Investigation Into the Effect of a Ceramic Matrix Composite Surface on Film Cooling
Authors: Wilkins Peter H. , Lynch Stephen P. , Thole Karen A. , Vincent Tyler , Quach San , Kaufman Eleanor 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components enable high turbine entry temperatures, which can lead to improved efficiencies in gas turbines. Implementing film cooling over CMC components, similar to how it is employed for conventional metal components, can extend part life and push operating temperatures beyond the temperature capabilities of CMCs alone. However, CMCs have a unique surface topology that can influence film cooling performance. Often this topology takes the form of an irregular wavy pattern due to the weave of the fibers that make up the strengthening component of the composite. In this study, shaped 7–7–7 film cooling holes are embedded in a five-harness-satin weave pattern representative of a CMC, at two orientations of the pattern. Detailed adiabatic film effectiveness measurements are obtained in a wind tunnel using an infrared camera while near-wall flowfield measurements are obtained with a high-speed particle image velocimetry system. A range of blowing ratios between one and three are investigated at a density ratio of 1.5 and freestream turbulence intensities of 0.5% and 13%. Across the majority of the tested conditions, the CMC surfaces result in lower film cooling performance than a smooth surface. At a freestream turbulence intensity of 0.5%, the adiabatic film effectiveness is moderately insensitive to the blowing ratio for both weave orientations. The boundary layer over the CMC surfaces increases the mixing between the coolant and the mainstream through a combination of increased turbulence, reduced near-wall velocities, and a thicker boundary layer.
An Iterative Neural Operator to Predict the Thermo-Fluid Information in Internal Cooling Channels
Authors: Yang Li , Wang Qi , Rao Yu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The design of internal cooling channels played an important role in turbine cooling. Distributions of thermo-fluid information, including surface distributions, cross section distributions, and projected distributions are common forms of data for internal cooling research. For over half a century since 2D thermo-fluid data were obtainable, there were very few universal tools to regress images. This study proposed a reduced ordered model to regress thermo-fluid image data by integrating the physics nature of thermo-fluid problems with neural networks. This effort started from a general partial differential equation and utilized a series of derivations to convert the equations into recurrent convolutional neural networks. The tested data included the temperature distribution on the cooled solid surface, the projected heat flux image on the fluid-solid interfaces, and the pressure distribution in the middle cross section. Results indicated an excellent regressing accuracy of the presented model for the three types of data, which was elevated as compared with a widely used conditional generative adversarial networks (cGAN) deep learning model. Most importantly, the proposed model only consumed 1/290 trainable parameters as compared to cGAN model. The key features that led to the success of the proposed reduced ordered model included: the matching between the differential nature of a convention-diffusion phenomenon and the convolution calculation process, and the compliance of the time evolution nature of thermo-fluid images with the recurrent structure of the model.
Determination of the Parameters of the Earth’s Gravitational Field from Gradiometric Measurements
Authors: Klyuikov A. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses the goals and objectives of the GOCE project, the measurement information and the data processing strategy used in determining the parameters of the Earth’s gravitational field, as well as the products obtained as a result of mathematical processing of data at various levels. In addition, the time and coordinate systems used in the processing of measurement information were considered. Further, the analysis of the correction equation for gradiometric measurements was performed, and an algorithm for calculating the coefficients and free terms of the correction equations was presented for the case of using the direct approach in the mathematical processing of measurement data in order to determine the parameters of the Earth’s gravitational field.
Blinking and normal ocular surface in school-aged children and the effects of age and screen time
Authors: Chidi-Egboka Ngozi Charity , Jalbert Isabelle , Wagner Peter , Golebiowski Blanka 
Published: August 2022

PurposeBaseline ocular surface characteristics in children require investigation. This study characterised blinking and relationships with ocular symptoms, tear film and digital device use.Methods45 children aged 6–15 years (56% female) participated in a cross-sectional study. Ocular surface symptoms (Instant Ocular Symptoms Survey, Dry Eye Questionnaire 5, Symptoms Assessment in Dry Eye, Ocular Surface Disease Index, Ocular Comfort Index and Numerical Rating Scale) and clinical indices (lipid layer thickness, tear secretion and stability, meibomian gland) were assessed. Blink rate and interblink interval were measuredin situusing a wearable eye-tracking headset (Pupil Labs GmbH, Germany). Associations between blinking, ocular surface, age, and digital device use (bivariate and partial correlations) and between automated and manually counted blink rate (Bland & Altman) were examined.ResultsMean blink rate and interblink interval were 20.5±10.5 blinks/min and 2.9±1.9 s during conversation. There was no difference between automated and manual blink rate (p=0.78) and no relationship between blinking and digital device use, age or sex. Mean group symptoms were within normal range and not associated with clinical measurements including blinking. Greater tear volume was associated with a faster blink rate (r=0.46, p=0.001) and shorter interblink interval (r=−0.36, p=0.02). Older age was associated with improved tear volume (r=0.37, p=0.01) and stability (r=0.38, p=0.01).ConclusionsBlinking characterisedin situwas not impacted by age or habitual digital device use. A faster blink rate was associated with greater tear volume but not symptoms. Improved tear function was found with age suggesting that the ocular surface continues to develop through childhood.
How do patients make decisions in the context of a multidisciplinary team: an ethnographic study of four head and neck cancer centres in the north of England
Authors: Hamilton David Winston , Heaven Benjamin , Thomson Richard , Wilson Janet , Exley Catherine 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe how patients are engaged with cancer decisions in the context of multidisciplinary team (MDT) and how MDT recommendations are operationalised in the context of a shared decision.DesignEthnographic qualitative study.SettingFour head and neck cancer centres in the north of England.ParticipantsPatients with a diagnosis of new or recurrent head and neck cancer; non-participant observation of 35 MDT meetings and 37 MDT clinics, informal interviews, and formal, semistructured interviews with 20 patients and 9 MDT staff members.MethodsEthnographic methods including non-participant observation of MDT meetings and clinic appointments, informal interviews, field notes and formal semistructured interviews with patients and MDT members.ResultsMDT discussions often conclude with a firm recommendation for treatment. When delivered to a patient in clinic, this recommendation is often accepted by the patient, but this response may result from the disempowered position in which they find themselves. While patient behaviour may thus appear to endorse clinicians’ views that a paternalistic approach is desired by patients (creating a ‘cycle of paternalism’), the rigidity of the MDT treatment recommendation can act as a barrier to discussion of options and the exploration of patient values.ConclusionsThe current model of MDT decision-making does not support shared decision-making and may actively undermine it. A model should be developed whereby the individual patient perspective has more input into MDT discussions, and where decisions are made on potential treatment options rather than providing a single recommendation for discussion with the patient. Deeper consideration should be given to how the MDT incorporates the patient perspective and/or delivers its discussion of options to the patient. In order to achieve these objectives, a new model of MDT working is required.
Use of intraoperative haemostatic checklists on blood management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Irabor Biobelemoye Ebehireme , Kothari Asha , Hong Jonathan , Burnette-Chiang Bronte , Kent David , Duhamel Todd , Arora Rakesh C 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionA major complication of cardiac surgery is bleeding which can require surgical re-exploration and the transfusion of allogeneic blood products. Re-operative procedures for bleeding have been associated with higher rates of mortality and morbidity, therefore an intervention to reduce this complication would be important. Previous investigation has demonstrated that low-cost solutions, such as the use of an intraoperative haemostatic checklist may result in the reduction of bleeding and subsequent transfusion. The goals of this scoping review aim to assess the efficacy of the use of intraoperative haemostatic checklists on blood management in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Specifically, the objective is to understand if the use of intraoperative haemostatic checklists has been associated with a reduction in bleeding and blood product utilisation in patients undergoing non-emergent cardiac surgery.Methods and analysisA scoping review of literature identifying randomised control and observational trials, reporting on haemostatic checklists in cardiac surgery, will be undertaken. The proposed review will be guided by the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A search will be conducted for published and unpublished (grey) literature. Published literature will be searched in the following electronic databases: Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Relevant grey literature will be identified through conference abstracts. Outcomes chosen are patient centred to ensure reduced bleeding and overall positive experience that reduces complications intraoperatively.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethical approval as the data used are from available publications. Our dissemination strategy includes peer-review publication, presentation at conferences and relevant stakeholders.
Suicide theory-guided natural language processing of clinical progress notes to improve prediction of veteran suicide risk: protocol for a mixed-method study
Authors: Meerwijk Esther Lydia , Tamang Suzanne R , Finlay Andrea K , Ilgen Mark A , Reeves Ruth M , Harris Alex H S 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionThe state-of-the-art 3-step Theory of Suicide (3ST) describes why people consider suicide and who will act on their suicidal thoughts and attempt suicide. The central concepts of 3ST—psychological pain, hopelessness, connectedness, and capacity for suicide—are among the most important drivers of suicidal behaviour but they are missing from clinical suicide risk prediction models in use at the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). These four concepts are not systematically recorded in structured fields of VHA’s electronic healthcare records. Therefore, this study will develop a domain-specific ontology that will enable automated extraction of these concepts from clinical progress notes using natural language processing (NLP), and test whether NLP-based predictors for these concepts improve accuracy of existing VHA suicide risk prediction models.Methods and analysisOur mixed-method study has an exploratory sequential design where a qualitative component (aim 1) will inform quantitative analyses (aims 2 and 3). For aim 1, subject matter experts will manually annotate progress notes of clinical encounters with veterans who attempted or died by suicide to develop a domain-specific ontology for the 3ST concepts. During aim 2, we will use NLP to machine-annotate clinical progress notes and derive longitudinal representations for each patient with respect to the presence and intensity of hopelessness, psychological pain, connectedness and capacity for suicide in temporal proximity of suicide attempts and deaths by suicide. These longitudinal representations will be evaluated during aim 3 for their ability to improve existing VHA prediction models of suicide and suicide attempts, STORM (Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation) and REACHVET (Recovery Engagement and Coordination for Health - Veterans Enhanced Treatment).Ethics and disseminationEthics approval for this study was granted by the Stanford University Institutional Review Board and the Research and Development Committee of the VA Palo Alto Health Care System. Results of the study will be disseminated through several outlets, including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national conferences.
Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in patients with tandem lesion in the anterior circulation: analysis from the METRICS study
Authors: Sanak Daniel , Kocher Martin , Zapletalova Jana , Cihlar Filip , Czerny Daniel , Cernik David , Duras Petr , Fiksa Jan , Husty Jakub , Jurak Lubomir , Kovar Martin , Lacman Jiri , Padr Radek , Prochazka Pavel , Raupach Jan , Reiser Martin , Rohan Vladimir , Roubec Martin , Sova Jindrich , Sercl Miroslav , Skorna Miroslav , Simunek Libor , Snajdrova Alena , Sramek Martin , Tomek Ales 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to anterior circulation tandem lesion (TL) remains a technical and clinical challenge for endovascular treatment (EVT). Conflicting results from observational studies and missing evidence from the randomized trials led us to report a recent real-world multicenter clinical experience and evaluate possible predictors of good outcome after EVT.MethodsWe analyzed all AIS patients with TL enrolled in the prospective national study METRICS (Mechanical Thrombectomy Quality Indicators Study in Czech Stroke Centers). A good 3-month clinical outcome was scored as 0–2 points in modified Rankin Scale (mRS), achieved recanalization using the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) scale and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) according to the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) criteria.ResultsOf 1178 patients enrolled in METRICS, 194 (19.2%) (59.8% males, mean age 68.7±11.5 years) were treated for TL. They did not differ in mRS 0–2 (48.7% vs 46.7%; p=0.616), mortality (17.3% vs 22.7%; p=0.103) and sICH (4.7% vs 5.1%; p=0.809) from those with single occlusion (SO). More TL patients with prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) reached TICI 3 (70.3% vs 50.8%; p=0.012) and mRS 0–2 (55.4% vs 34.4%; p=0.007) than those without IVT. No difference was found in the rate of sICH (6.2% vs 1.6%; p=0.276). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed prior IVT as a predictor of mRS 0–2 after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 3.818, 95% CI 1.614 to 9.030, p=0.002).ConclusionPatients with TL did not differ from those with SO in outcomes after EVT. TL patients with prior IVT had more complete recanalization and mRS 0–2 and IVT was found to be a predictor of good outcome after EVT.
COManeci MechANical Dilation for vasospasm (COMMAND): multicenter experience
Authors: Salem Mohamed M , Khalife Jane , Desai Sohum , Sharashidze Vera , Badger Clint , Kuhn Anna L , Monteiro Andre , Salahuddin Hisham , Siddiqui Adnan H , Singh Jasmeet , Levy Elad I , Lang Michael , Grandhi Ramesh , Thomas Ajith J , Lin Li-Mei , Tanweer Omar , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Puri Ajit S , Gross Bradley A , Nossek Erez , Hassan Ameer E , Shaikh Hamza A , Jankowitz Brian T 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundWe report the largest multicenter experience to date of utilizing the Comaneci device for endovascular treatment of refractory intracranial vasospasm.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing Comaneci mechanical dilatation for vasospasm were extracted from prospectively maintained registries in 11 North American centers (2020–2022). Intra-arterial vasodilators (IAV) were allowed, with the Comaneci device utilized after absence of vessel dilation post-infusion. Pre- and post-vasospasm treatment scores were recorded for each segment, with primary radiological outcome of score improvement post-treatment. Primary clinical outcome was safety/device-related complications, with secondary endpoints of functional outcomes at last follow-up.ResultsA total of 129 vessels in 40 patients (median age 52 years; 67.5% females) received mechanical dilation, 109 of which (84.5%) exhibited pre-treatment severe-to-critical vasospasm (ie, score 3/4). Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage was the most common etiology of vasospasm (85%), with 65% of procedures utilizing Comaneci-17 (92.5% of patients received IAV). The most treated segments were anterior cerebral artery (34.9%) and middle cerebral artery (31%). Significant vasospasm drop (pre-treatment score (3–4) to post-treatment (0–2)) was achieved in 89.9% of vessels (96.1% of vessels experienced ≥1-point drop in score post-treatment). There were no major procedural/post-procedural device-related complications. Primary failure (ie, vessel unresponsive) was encountered in one vessel (1 patient) (1/129; 0.8%) while secondary failure (ie, recurrence in previously treated segment requiring retreatment in another procedure) occurred in 16 vessels (7 patients) (16/129; 12.4%), with median time-to-retreatment of 2 days. Favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) was noted in 51.5% of patients (median follow-up 6 months).ConclusionsThe Comaneci device provides a complementary strategy for treatment of refractory vasospasm with reasonable efficacy/favorable safety. Future prospective trials are warranted.
High-frequency optical coherence tomography predictors of aneurysm occlusion following flow diverter treatment in a preclinical model
Authors: King Robert M , Peker Ahmet , Anagnostakou Vania , Raskett Christopher M , Arends Jennifer M , Dixit Harish G , Ughi Giovanni J , Puri Ajit S , Gounis Matthew J , Shazeeb Mohammed Salman 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundHigh-frequency optical coherence tomography (HF-OCT) is an intravascular imaging method that allows for volumetric imaging of flow diverters in vivo.ObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that a threshold for both volume and area of communicating malapposition can be predictive of early aneurysm occlusion.MethodsFifty-two rabbits underwent elastase aneurysm formation, followed by treatment with a flow diverter. At the time of implant, HF-OCT was acquired to study the rate and degree of communicating malapposition. Treated aneurysms were allowed to heal for either 90 or 180 days and euthanized following catheter angiography. Healing was dichotomized into aneurysm remnant or neck remnant/complete occlusion. Communicating malapposition was measured by HF-OCT using a semi-automatic algorithm able to detect any points where the flow diverter was more than 50 µm from the vessel wall. This was then summed across image slices to either a volume or area. Finally, a subsampled population was used to train a statistical classifier for the larger dataset.ResultsNo difference in occlusion rate was found between device type or follow-up time (p=0.28 and p=0.67, respectively). Both volume and area of malapposition were significantly lower in aneurysms with a good outcome (p<0.001, both). From the statistical model, a volume of less than 0.56 mm3or a normalized area less than 0.69 as quantified by HF-OCT was predictive of occlusion (p<0.001, each).ConclusionsHF-OCT allows for measurements of both volume and area of malapposition and, from these measurements, an accurate prediction for early aneurysm occlusion can be made.
Homoleptic 1-norbornyl complexes of group 4 and manganese: synthesis, structures, volatility, and thermal stability
Authors: Yu Ya-Dong , Price Jeffrey S. , Romero Patricio E. , Emslie David J. H. 
Published: August 2022

Detailed syntheses are reported for the previously reported homoleptic 1-norbornyl complexes [M(norb)4] {M = Ti (1), Zr (3), Hf (4), and Mn (5)}. These compounds were characterized by combustion elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction (for 1 and 3), and SQUID magnetometry (for 5). The reaction by-product [{(norb)3Ti}2(μ-O)] (2) was also spectroscopically and structurally characterized. To assess the potential viability of 1 and 3–5 as precursors for thin film deposition by CVD or ALD, their volatility and thermal stability were evaluated by sublimation, thermogravimetric analysis, and in the case of 4, bulk thermolysis.