bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the experimental characterization of the fluid volume influence on the friction between rough surfaces
Authors: Stahl Lukas , Müller Michael , Ostermeyer Georg-Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe load-bearing behaviour of lubricated contacts depends primarily on the normal force, the relative velocity, and the geometry. Thus, with the aid of the Stribeck curve, it is usually well possible to characterize whether hydrodynamics, mixed friction, or boundary friction is more likely to be present. The fact that the load regime can also depend on the fluid quantity is obvious, but has hardly been systematically investigated so far. Especially for contacts with microscopic roughness, the defined application of a very small amount of fluid is a very challenging requirement. In this paper, a very fundamental study shows how a pin-on-disc tribometer can be used to achieve the transition from dry friction via mixed friction to predominant hydrodynamics by the amount of supplied fluid. The experiments are carried out on samples filed with different coarseness. In addition, the simultaneous influence of partial filling and normal force as well as relative velocity is also shown. Very good reproducibility has been practically reached over the entire range of the tests. Regarding the quantities for the coefficient of friction (COF), it was concluded that close to full filling, a reduction of the fluid quantity has a similar effect on the COF as the reduction of the velocity. This property goes along with the common theory of starved lubricated systems. Such behaviour was not observed to the same extent for the normal force. In the vicinity of smaller fluid quantities, the COF increases very rapidly with further reduction in fluid quantity, far more disproportionately than that with reduction in velocity. With a deeper understanding of this problem, various practical issues such as idling or the run-up process in bearings can also be studied in a more focused manner.
The failure of drug repurposing for COVID-19 as an effect of excessive hypothesis testing and weak mechanistic evidence
Authors: Maziarz Mariusz , Stencel Adrian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current strategy of searching for an effective treatment for COVID-19 relies mainly on repurposing existing therapies developed to target other diseases. Conflicting results have emerged in regard to the efficacy of several tested compounds but later results were negative. The number of conducted and ongoing trials and the urgent need for a treatment pose the risk that false-positive results will be incorrectly interpreted as evidence for treatments’ efficacy and a ground for drug approval. Our purpose is twofold. First, we show that the number of drug-repurposing trials can explain the false-positive results. Second, we assess the evidence for treatments’ efficacy from the perspective of evidential pluralism and argue that considering mechanistic evidence is particularly needed in cases when the evidence from clinical trials is conflicting or of low quality. Our analysis is an application of the program of Evidence Based Medicine Plus (EBM+) to the drug repurposing trials for COVID. Our study shows that if decision-makers applied EBM+, authorizing the use of ineffective treatments would be less likely. We analyze the example of trials assessing the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 and mechanistic evidence in favor of and against its therapeutic power to draw a lesson for decision-makers and drug agencies on how excessive hypothesis testing can lead to spurious findings and how studying negative mechanistic evidence can be helpful in discriminating genuine from spurious results.
Geometric Feedback System for Robotic Spraying
Authors: Frangez Valens , Taha Nizar , Feihl Nicolas , Lloret-Fritschi Ena , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias , Wieser Andreas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we tackle the task of replacing labor intensive and repetitive manual inspection of sprayed concrete elements with a sensor-based and automated alternative. We present a geometric feedback system that is integrated within a robotic setup and includes a set of depth cameras used for acquiring data on sprayed concrete structures, during and after fabrication. The acquired data are analyzed in terms of thickness and surface quality, with both sets of information then used within the adaptive fabrication process. The thickness evaluation is based on the comparison of the as-built state to a previous as-built state or to the design model. The surface quality evaluation is based on the local analysis of 3D geometric and intensity features. These features are used by a random forest classifier trained using data manually labelled by a skilled professional. With this approach, we are able to achieve a prediction accuracy of 87 % or better when distinguishing different surface quality types on flat specimens, and 75 % when applied in a full production setting with wet and non-planar surfaces. The presented approach is a contribution towards in-line material thickness and surface quality inspection within digital fabrication.
Socio-spatial aspects of creativity and their role in the planning and design of university campuses’ public spaces: A practitioners’ perspective
Authors: Soares Isabelle , Van Quoc Thai N. , Yamu Claudia , Weitkamp Gerd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates how socio-spatial aspects of creativity, operationalized as the causal relations between the built environment and perceived creativity in university campuses’ public spaces, are currently applied in practice. Moreover, it discusses practitioners’ perceptions regarding research-generated evidence on socio-spatial aspects of creativity according to three effectiveness aspects: credibility, relevance, and applicability. The “research-generated evidence” is herein derived from data-driven knowledge generated by multi-disciplinary methodologies (e.g., self-reported perceptions, participatory tools, geospatial analysis, observations). Through a thematic analysis of interviews with practitioners involved in the (re)development of campuses public spaces of inner-city campuses and science parks in Amsterdam, Utrecht, and Groningen. We concluded that socio-spatial aspects of creativity concepts were addressed only at the decision-making level for Utrecht Science Park. Correspondingly, while presented evidence was considered by most practitioners as relevant for practice, perceptions of credibility and applicability vary according to institutional goals, practitioners’ habits in practice, and their involvement in projects’ roles and phases. The newfound interrelationships between the three effectiveness aspects highlighted (a) the institutional fragmentation issues in campuses and public spaces projects, (b) the research-practice gap related to such projects, which occur beyond the university campuses’ context, and (c) insights on the relationship between evidence generated through research-based data-driven knowledge and urban planning practice, policy, and governance related to knowledge environments. We concluded that if research-generated evidence on socio-spatial aspects of creativity is to be integrated into the evidence-based practice of campuses’ public spaces, an alignment between researchers, multiple actors involved, policy framing, and goal achievements are fundamental.
“A Privilege That Cannot Be Bought”: Jews of Turkey and Citizenship Restitution from Portugal and Spain
Authors: Altaras Nesi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractJews of Turkey have been applying for citizenship restitution from Spain and Portugal through processes formalized in 2015. Using 29 interviews, I analyze applicant motivations and find that cultural connections play a minor role in applicant decisions. The citizenship application process did not lead to self-questioning of identity for these applicants, unlike Sephardic Jews in other contexts. The more important motivators were Jewish fears about the future of Turkey, the practical benefits of easy travel on a European Union passport, and the desire for global mobility, allowing individuals to chase prosperity wherever it may go. While Jewish fears are mostly in the background, the other two motivations were more pressing. I place these motivations in the context of changing conceptions of citizenship in Europe and the global inequality of citizenship, crystallized in a hierarchy of passports. I find that after acquiring Iberian citizenship, Jews from Turkey relate to their new citizenship solely in practical ways.
Deepest far ultraviolet view of a central field in the Coma cluster byAstroSatUVIT
Authors: Mahajan Smriti , Singh Kulinder Pal , Postma Joseph E. , Pradeep Kala G. , George Koshy , Côté Patrick 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present analysis of the far ultraviolet (FUV) emission of sources in the central region of the Coma cluster ($z=0.023$) using the data taken by the UVIT aboard the multi-wavelength satellite missionAstroSat. We find a good correlation between the UVITFUVflux and the fluxes in both wavebands of theGalexmission, for the common sources. We detect stars and galaxies, amongst which the brightest ($r \lesssim 17$mag) galaxies in the field of view are mostly members of the Coma cluster. We also detect three quasars ($z = 0.38, 0.51, 2.31$), one of which is likely the farthest object observed by the UVIT so far. In almost all the optical and UV colour-colour and colour-magnitude planes explored in this work, the Coma galaxies, other galaxies and bright stars could be separately identified, but the fainter stars and quasars often coincide with the faint galaxies. We have also investigated galaxies with unusual FUV morphology which are likely to be galaxies experiencing ram-pressure stripping in the cluster. Amongst others, two confirmed cluster members which were not investigated in the literature earlier, have been found to show unusual FUV emission. All the distorted sources are likely to have fallen into the cluster recently, and hence have not virialised yet. A subset of our data have optical spectroscopic information available from the archives. For these sources (${\sim} 10\%$of the sample), we find that 17 galaxies identify as star-forming, 18 as composite and 13 as host galaxies for active galactic nuclei, respectively on the emission-line diagnostic diagram.
Muslim philosophers on the privation theory of evil
Authors: Saeedimehr Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMuslim philosophers commonly endorse a version of the so-called ‘privation theory of evil’ (PTE), according to which all essential evils consist in the non-existence of an entity or privation of a deserved perfection. In this article, I first provide a short sketch of PTE based on clarification of its main conceptual components. Then I examine the main reasons for the truth of PTE offered by Muslim philosophers and show that none of them is sufficiently plausible. Finally, I investigate the most significant objections against PTE and criticize the proposed responses.
Preserving consistency in geometric modeling with graph transformations
Authors: Arnould Agnès , Belhaouari Hakim , Bellet Thomas , Le Gall Pascale , Pascual Romain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLabeled graphs are particularly well adapted to represent objects in the context of topology-based geometric modeling. Thus, graph transformation theory is used to implement modeling operations and check their consistency. This article defines a class of graph transformation rules dedicated to embedding computations. Objects are here defined as a particular subclass of labeled graphs in which arc labels encode their topological structure (i.e., cell subdivision: vertex, edge, face) and node labels encode their embedding (i.e., relevant data: vertex positions, face colors, volume density). Object consistency is defined by labeling constraints which must be preserved by modeling operations that modify topology and/or embedding. Dedicated graph transformation variables allow us to access the existing embedding from the underlying topological structure (e.g., collecting all the points of a face) in order to compute the new embedding using user-provided functions (e.g., compute the barycenter of several points). To ensure the safety of the defined operations, we provide syntactic conditions on rules that preserve the object consistency constraints.
Affective Polarisation and Emotional Distortions on Social Media
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper I argue that social networking sites (SNSs) are emotion technologies that promote a highly charged emotional environment where intrinsic emotion regulation is significantly weakened, and people's emotions are more strongly modulated by other people and by the technology itself. I show that these features of social media promote a simplistic emotional outlook which is an obstacle to the development and maintenance of virtue. In addition, I focus on the mechanisms that promote group-based anger and thus give rise to affective polarisation. In the final section, after a discussion of the positive value of some forms of anger, I argue that SNSs should not be designed to prohibit or suppress anger, but that its encouragement should also be avoided. I conclude with a suggestion about how this might be achieved.
Ground Surface Displacement After a Forest Fire Near Mayya, Eastern Siberia, Using InSAR: Observation and Implication for Geophysical Modeling
Authors: Abe Takahiro , Iwahana Go , Tadono Takeo , Iijima Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractForest fires significantly impact permafrost degradation in the subarctic regions. However, interannual and seasonal variations in surface deformation due to permafrost thawing in burned areas were poorly understood. Measuring the ground surface displacement in fire scars helps us understand the freeze‐thaw dynamics of near‐surface ground and predict the future state, particularly in ice‐rich permafrost regions. This study used the L‐ and C‐band interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique to reveal interannual subsidence and seasonal thaw settlement/frost heave in a fire scar near Mayya, Sakha Republic in Eastern Siberia burned in 2013. We found that the cumulative subsidence was up to 7 cm between 2014 and 2020, most of which had occurred by 2016. The magnitude of seasonal thaw settlement and frost heave varied each year from 2017 to 2020 after the fire, but the interannual change in frost heave corresponded to the temporal variation in precipitation during the thawing season from 2017 to 2020. This suggests that the precipitation amount during the thawing season is related to the magnitude of segregation‐ice formation in the sediments, which determines the frost heave amount. The observed seasonal displacements could not be quantitatively explained by models inferred from the Stefan's equation and volume changes associated with ice‐water phase change. This implies that other models associated with segregated ice (ice lens) formation/thaw are required to explain the observed seasonal displacement.
Gas Migration Episodes Observed During Peridotite Alteration in the Samail Ophiolite, Oman
Authors: Aiken John M. , Sohn Robert A. , Renard François , Matter Juerg , Kelemen Peter , Jamtveit Bjørn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSerpentinization and carbonation of mantle rocks (peridotite alteration) are fundamentally important processes for a spectrum of geoscience topics, including arc volcanism, earthquake processes, chemosynthetic biological communities, and carbon sequestration. Data from a hydrophone array deployed in the Multi‐Borehole Observatory (MBO) of the Oman Drilling Project demonstrates that free gas generated by peridotite alteration and/or microbial activity migrates through the formation in discrete bursts of activity. We detected several, minutes‐long, swarms of gas discharge into Hole BA1B of the MBO over the course of a 9 month observation interval. The episodic nature of the migration events indicates that free gas accumulates in the permeable flow network, is pressurized, and discharges rapidly into the borehole when a critical pressure, likely associated with a capillary barrier at a flow constriction, is reached. Our observations reveal a dynamic mode of fluid migration during serpentinization, and highlight the important role that free gas can play in modulating pore pressure, fluid flow, and alteration kinetics during peridotite weathering.
How Does Topography Control Topography‐Driven Groundwater Flow?
Authors: Zhang Xiaolang , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Guo Wensi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow topography controls topography‐driven groundwater flow is investigated with varying rainfall and topography using a two‐dimensional groundwater‐surface water coupled model. Results show that the penetration depths of local flow systems present a good relation with capture zone size (Cl) and topography rise (Hl) of local flow systems, but poor and opposite relation with the two topographic indices of the surface water watershed. The stagnant zones are formed due to the movement of stagnation points, whose velocity magnitude is almost zero. The area and depth of stagnant zones below the mountains have a good or no relation with the mountain size, depending on the hydraulic conductivity. The fractal behavior of penetration depth variations with rainfall presents a good or no relation with Cl and Hl, depending on the rainfall rate and hydraulic conductivity. The topography control may be less important when rainfall rate or hydraulic conductivity is significantly reduced.
Proton Precipitation in Mercury's Northern Magnetospheric Cusp
Authors: Raines Jim M. , Dewey Ryan M. , Staudacher Natalie M. , Tracy Patrick J. , Bert Christopher M. , Sarantos Menelaos , Gershman Daniel J. , Jasinski Jamie M. , Bowers Charles F. , Fisher Erik , Slavin James A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIon precipitation onto Mercury's surface through its magnetospheric cusps acts as a source of planetary atoms to both Mercury's exosphere and magnetosphere. Through the process of ion sputtering, solar wind ions (∼95% protons) impact the surface regolith and liberate material, mostly as neutral atoms. We have identified 2760 northern magnetospheric cusp crossings throughout the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission, based on enhancements in proton flux observed by the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS). We find cusp crossings spanning 50–85° in magnetic latitude with a geometric center typically at 60–70°. The cusp center is stable about its average but its latitudinal extent varies orbit‐to‐orbit. The mean latitude weakly depends on the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), dropping by about 1.3° magnetic latitude for each increase of 10 nT in IMF strength. We have used these identified cusp boundaries to estimate the flux of protons which will precipitate onto Mercury's surface. We find an average proton precipitation flux of 1.0 × 107 cm−2 s−1, ranging 3.3 × 104–6.2 × 108 cm−2 s−1, and that this flux can vary substantially between subsequent 10‐s measurements. We also tabulated the peak precipitation fluxes for each cusp crossing. They range 9.8 × 104–1.4 × 109 cm−2 s−1, with a mean of 3.7 × 107 cm−2 s−1. We find strong dependencies on the local time of the cusp crossing as well as on Mercury's orbit around the Sun, which warrant further investigation.
Seismic and Tsunamigenic Characteristics of a Multimodal Rupture of Rapid and Slow Stages: The Example of the Complex 12 August 2021 South Sandwich Earthquake
Authors: Metz M. , Vera F. , Carrillo Ponce A. , Cesca S. , Babeyko A. , Dahm T. , Saul J. , Tilmann F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOn 12 August 2021, a >220 s lasting complex earthquake with Mw > 8.2 hit the South Sandwich Trench. Due to its remote location and short interevent times, reported earthquake parameters varied significantly between different international agencies. We studied the complex rupture by combining different seismic source characterization techniques sensitive to different frequency ranges based on teleseismic broadband recordings from 0.001 to 2 Hz, including point and finite fault inversions and the back‐projection of high‐frequency signals. We also determined moment tensor solutions for 88 aftershocks. The rupture initiated simultaneously with a rupture equivalent to a Mw 7.6 thrust earthquake in the deep part of the seismogenic zone in the central subduction interface and a shallow megathrust rupture, which propagated unilaterally to the south with a very slow rupture velocity of 1.2 km/s and varying strike following the curvature of the trench. The slow rupture covered nearly two‐thirds of the entire subduction zone length, and with Mw 8.2 released the bulk of the total moment of the whole earthquake. Tsunami modeling indicates the inferred shallow rupture can explain the tsunami records. The southern segment of the shallow rupture overlaps with another activation of the deeper part of the megathrust equivalent to Mw 7.6. The aftershock distribution confirms the extent and curvature of the rupture. Some mechanisms are consistent with the mainshocks, but many indicate also activation of secondary faults. Rupture velocities and radiated frequencies varied strongly between different stages of the rupture, which might explain the variability of published source parameters.
Observations of Modified Warm Deep Water Beneath Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, From an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Davis Peter E. D. , Jenkins Adrian , Nicholls Keith W. , Dutrieux Pierre , Schröder Michael , Janout Markus A. , Hellmer Hartmut H. , Templeton Rob , McPhail Stephen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFilchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) is the world's largest ice shelf by volume. It helps regulate Antarctica's contribution to global sea level rise, and water mass transformations within the sub‐ice‐shelf cavity produce globally important dense water masses. Rates of ice shelf basal melting are relatively low, however, as the production of cold (−1.9°C) and dense High Salinity Shelf Water over the Weddell Sea continental shelf isolates the ice shelf from large‐scale inflow of warm water. Nevertheless, a narrow inflow of relatively warm (−1.4°C) Modified Warm Deep Water (MWDW) that hugs the western flank of Berkner Bank is observed to reach Ronne Ice Front, although the processes governing its circulation and fate remain uncertain. Here we present the first observations taken within the ice shelf cavity along this warm water inflow using the Autosub Long Range autonomous underwater vehicle. We observe a core of MWDW with a south‐westward velocity of 4 cm s−1 that reaches at least 18 km into the sub‐ice cavity. The hydrographic properties are spatially heterogeneous, giving rise to temporal variability that is driven by tidal advection. The highest rates of turbulent dissipation are associated with the warmest MWDW, with the vertical eddy diffusivity reaching 10−4 m2 s−1 where the water column is fully turbulent. Mixing efficiency is close to the canonical value of 0.2. Modeling studies suggest MWDW may become the dominant water mass beneath FRIS in our changing climate, providing strong motivation to understand more fully the dynamics of this MWDW inflow.