bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Applications of Social Robots in Robot-Assisted Interventions for Social Anxiety
Authors: Rasouli Samira , Gupta Garima , Nilsen Elizabeth , Dautenhahn Kerstin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder or social phobia is a condition characterized by debilitating fear and avoidance of different social situations. We provide an overview of social anxiety and evidence-based behavioural and cognitive treatment approaches for this condition. However, treatment avoidance and attrition are high in this clinical population, which calls for innovative approaches, including computer-based interventions, that could minimize barriers to treatment and enhance treatment effectiveness. After reviewing existing assistive technologies for mental health interventions, we provide an overview of how social robots have been used in many clinical interventions. We then propose to integrate social robots in conventional behavioural and cognitive therapies for both children and adults who struggle with social anxiety. We categorize the different therapeutic roles that social robots can potentially play in activities rooted in conventional therapies for social anxiety and oriented towards symptom reduction, social skills development, and improvement in overall quality of life. We discuss possible applications of robots in this context through four scenarios. These scenarios are meant as ‘food for thought’ for the research community which we hope will inspire future research. We discuss risks and concerns for using social robots in clinical practice. This article concludes by highlighting the potential advantages as well as limitations of integrating social robots in conventional interventions to improve accessibility and standard of care as well as outlining future steps in relation to this research direction. Clearly recognizing the need for future empirical work in this area, we propose that social robots may be an effective component in robot-assisted interventions for social anxiety, not replacing, but complementing the work of clinicians. We hope that this article will spark new research, and research collaborations in the highly interdisciplinary field of robot-assisted interventions for social anxiety.
Semicosciniid bryozoans from the Middle Devonian of Rommersheim (Eifel, Germany)
Authors: Ernst Andrej 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo bryozoan species belonging to the Family Semicosciniidae Morozova, 1987 are described from the Middle Devonian of the Eifel—Bigeyina winteri (Bornemann, 1884) and Loculipora alvearis (Maurer, 1885). The two species are endemic to the Middle Devonian (Eifelian–Givetian) of the Eifel. Morphology and taxonomical assignment of the studied bryozoans are discussed. The Family Fenestraporidae Xia, 2002 is considered to be invalid.
Stability of the inverses of interpolated operators with application to the Stokes system
Authors: Asekritova I. , Kruglyak N. , Mastyło M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the stability of isomorphisms between interpolation scales of Banach spaces, including scales generated by well-known interpolation methods. We develop a general framework for compatibility theorems, and our methods apply to general cases. As a by-product we prove that the interpolated isomorphisms satisfy uniqueness-of-inverses. We use the obtained results to prove the stability of lattice isomorphisms on interpolation scales of Banach function lattices and demonstrate their application to the Calderón product spaces as well as to the real method scales. We also apply our results to prove solvability of the Neumann problem for the Stokes system of linear hydrostatics on an arbitrary bounded Lipschitz domain with a connected boundary in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

, $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

, with data in some Lorentz spaces $$L^{p,q}(\partial \Omega , \mathbb {R}^n)$$

L

p
,
q

(
∂
Ω
,

R

n

)

over the set $$\partial \Omega $$

∂
Ω

equipped with a boundary surface measure.
Intersection bodies of polytopes
Authors: Berlow Katalin , Brandenburg Marie-Charlotte , Meroni Chiara , Shankar Isabelle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigate the intersection body of a convex polytope using tools from combinatorics and real algebraic geometry. In particular, we show that the intersection body of a polytope is always a semialgebraic set and provide an algorithm for its computation. Moreover, we compute the irreducible components of the algebraic boundary and provide an upper bound for the degree of these components.
A Silicon Monoxide Lithium-Ion Battery Anode with Ultrahigh Areal Capacity
Authors: Zhong Jiang , Wang Tao , Wang Lei , Peng Lele , Fu Shubin , Zhang Meng , Cao Jinhui , Xu Xiang , Liang Junfei , Fei Huilong , Duan Xidong , Lu Bingan , Wang Yiliu , Zhu Jian , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSilicon monoxide (SiO) is an attractive anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries for its ultra-high theoretical capacity of 2680 mAh g−1. The studies to date have been limited to electrodes with a relatively low mass loading (< 3.5 mg cm−2), which has seriously restricted the areal capacity and its potential in practical devices. Maximizing areal capacity with such high-capacity materials is critical for capitalizing their potential in practical technologies. Herein, we report a monolithic three-dimensional (3D) large-sheet holey graphene framework/SiO (LHGF/SiO) composite for high-mass-loading electrode. By specifically using large-sheet holey graphene building blocks, we construct LHGF with super-elasticity and exceptional mechanical robustness, which is essential for accommodating the large volume change of SiO and ensuring the structure integrity even at ultrahigh mass loading. Additionally, the 3D porous graphene network structure in LHGF ensures excellent electron and ion transport. By systematically tailoring microstructure design, we show the LHGF/SiO anode with a mass loading of 44 mg cm−2 delivers a high areal capacity of 35.4 mAh cm−2 at a current of 8.8 mA cm−2 and retains a capacity of 10.6 mAh cm−2 at 17.6 mA cm−2, greatly exceeding those of the state-of-the-art commercial or research devices. Furthermore, we show an LHGF/SiO anode with an ultra-high mass loading of 94 mg cm−2 delivers an unprecedented areal capacity up to 140.8 mAh cm−2. The achievement of such high areal capacities marks a critical step toward realizing the full potential of high-capacity alloy-type electrode materials in practical lithium-ion batteries.
Establishment of Standard Human Blood Vessel Model Based on Image Registration and Fitting Technology
Authors: Luo Dinghao , Wu Junxiang , Wang Ning , Wang Lei , Xie Kai , Ai Songtao , Fu Lingjie , Hao Yongqiang , Wu Wen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The blood vessel gives key information for pathological changes in a variety of diseases. In view of the crucial role of blood vessel structure, the present study aims to establish a digital human blood vessel standard model for diagnosing blood vessel-related diseases.

Methods
The present study recruited eight healthy volunteers, and reconstructed their bilateral upper extremity arteries according to CTA. The reconstructed vessels were segmented, registered, and merged into a bunch. After being cut by continuous cut planes, the dispersion of the blood vessel bunches on each cut plane were calculated.

Results
The results demonstrated that the middle segment of the brachial artery, the proximal segment of the ulnar artery, and the middle and distal segments of the radial artery had a low degree of dispersion. A standard blood vessel model was finally established by the integral method using the low-dispersion segments above. The accuracy of the standard blood vessel model was also verified by an actual contralateral vessel, which revealed that the deviation between the model and the actual normal contralateral brachial artery was relatively small.

Conclusion
The structure of the model was highly accordant with the real ones, which can be of great help in evaluating the blood vessel changes in blood vessel-related diseases, bone and soft-tissue tumors, and creating accurate surgical plans.
Twin Based Continuous Patching To Minimize Cyber Risk
Authors: Baiardi Fabrizio , Tonelli Federico 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDigital twins are virtual replicas to simulate the behavior of physical devices before they are built and to support their maintenance. We extend this technology to cybersecurity and integrate it with adversary emulation to define a remediation policy that selects and schedules patches for the vulnerabilities of an information and communication infrastructure before threat actors can exploit them. Distinct twins model, respectively, the infrastructure and threat actors. The former twin describes the infrastructure modules, their vulnerabilities, and the elementary attacks actors can implement. The attributes of the twin of a threat actor describe its attack surface, its goals, how it selects attacks, and it handles attack failures. The Haruspex software platform builds the twins of the infrastructure and those of the threat actors, and it automates the emulation of an actor. In this way, it can discover the attack paths the actor implements without disturbing the infrastructure. In each path, the actor composes elementary attacks to reach its goal. Multiple emulations can discover all the paths of an actor by covering stochastic factors such as attack success or failure. The knowledge of these paths enables the remediation policy to minimize the patches to deploy. Since new vulnerabilities continuously become public, new countermeasures are needed. A twin-based approach supports a continuous remediation process to handle changes in the infrastructure, new vulnerabilities, and new threat actors because the platform can update the twins and run adversary emulations. If new attack paths exist, the platform applies the remediation policy. Experimental data confirm the effectiveness of this approach.
Analysis of Rocket Modelling Accuracy and Capsule Landing Safety
Authors: Huang Mingyang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe capability of performing vertical landing accurately and safely is of great concern for reusable rockets, some of which might carry manned capsules. According to previous technologies, the rocket needs to accurately land on a drone ship that has a limited size of 70 m × 50 m, whereas the capsule needs to safely land on a soil terrain that might be oblique. Currently, there has been various research supporting the landing processes of rockets and capsules. Regardless of the disparity of such research, the accuracy and safety are the essential indicators to be considered. This paper develops a more accurate landing model for rockets by reviewing valid methodologies for error mitigation. The position error of the rocket (13.46 m) is smaller than the radius of the terminal dock of the drone ship (25 m); thus, the modelling accuracy of the rocket is within its accuracy requirement (with a 95% probability). After the performance in terms of accuracy is quantified, a novel landing gear is designed to deal with sloped terrains, which might have a negative effect on landing safety. The struts of the novel landing gear include actuators, buffer struts, and a scanning system. This scanning system is used to extract sloped terrain information, and then the actuators are used for the adjustment of different landing struts, ensuring that these struts touch the sloped terrain at the same time. Compared with conventional landing struts, the novel landing gear is used to increase the buffer efficiencies of the buffer struts.
Responsibility assignment won’t solve the moral issues of artificial intelligence
Authors: Heinrichs Jan-Hendrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWho is responsible for the events and consequences caused by using artificially intelligent tools, and is there a gap between what human agents can be responsible for and what is being done using artificial intelligence? Both questions presuppose that the term ‘responsibility’ is a good tool for analysing the moral issues surrounding artificial intelligence. This article will draw this presupposition into doubt and show how reference to responsibility obscures the complexity of moral situations and moral agency, which can be analysed with a more differentiated toolset of moral terminology. It suggests that the impression of responsibility gaps only occurs if we gloss over the complexity of the moral situation in which artificial intelligent tools are employed and if—counterfactually—we ascribe them some kind of pseudo-agential status.
Asymmetry Models Based on Non-integer Scores for Square Contingency Tables
Authors: Ando Shuji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSquare contingency tables with ordinal classifications are used in many disciplines that include but are not limited to data science, engineering, and medical research. This study proposes two original asymmetry models based on non-integer scores for the analysis of square contingency tables. The ordinal quasi-symmetry model applies to data sets that can be assigned to known ordered scores for all categories. When we assign the equally spaced score for categories, the ordinal quasi-symmetry model is equivalent to the linear diagonals-symmetry model. The ordinal quasi-symmetry model, however, is not applicable to data sets that cannot be assigned the known ordered scores for all categories. This study addresses this issue. The proposed models apply to data sets that: (i) can be assigned the known ordered scores for all except one category and (ii) cannot be assigned the known ordered scores for all categories. These two models provide a better fit than existing models for real-world data.
Asian Criminology and Non-Western Criminology: Challenges, Strategies, and Directions
Authors: Liu Jianhong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcademic criminology originated in Western countries, primarily in Europe and in the USA. It has achieved great success, produced many influential theories, sophisticated methodology, academic institutions, and effective policy products, and has formed a productive paradigm, which has led to a flourishing discipline. However, as there have been growing critiques against “Western-centric” criminology, growing attention has turned to non-Western criminology. As Belknap has said, “We are in an exciting time in criminology, as the scholarship is becoming more global, collaborative, and interdisciplinary.” This paper addresses several important disciplinary questions: the relationship between Western and non-Western criminology, the strategies of developing criminology under non-Western contexts, the relationship between context-dependent findings from the non-West and the scientific traditions that seek unified human knowledge of criminology. The article suggests a strategy for developing non-Western criminology based on the experience of the successful growth of Asian criminology over the past decade under the concept of an “Asian criminological paradigm.”
Female Freedom and The Neapolitan Novels (Part 2)
Authors: Shpall Sam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPart 1 of this essay began to develop a philosophical interpretation of The Neapolitan Novels by grounding a vision of the work's moral psychology in the tradition of Italian difference feminism, particularly as it is expressed in the texts of the influential Milan Women's Bookstore Collective. Part 2 advances the interpretive argument by presenting a more detailed literary analysis of the character of Lila Cerullo. After motivating the interest of various aspects of her symbolization by connecting them to important motifs in feminist philosophy and literature, I present evidence of Lila's special status in the work, and the puzzles this status raises. I advance a reading of Lila as a brilliant woman capable of playing the superior role in a hierarchical relationship of entrustment—and of The Neapolitan Novels as a sympathetic yet critical exploration of the viability of such relationships and their connection to female friendship and female freedom. In support of this reading, I give an account of Lila's strange condition of smarginatura (“dissolving margins/boundaries”), the import of her perplexing earthquake speech in which this condition is explicitly addressed, and Elena Greco's troubling reactions.
Theoretical Virtues: Do Scientists Think What Philosophers Think They Ought to Think?
Authors: Schindler Samuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTheoretical virtues play an important role in the acceptance and belief of theories in science and philosophy. Philosophers have well-developed views on which virtues ought and ought not to influence one’s acceptance and belief. But what do scientists think? This paper presents the results of a quantitative study with scientists from the natural and social sciences and compares their views to those held by philosophers. Some of the more surprising results are: (i) all three groups have a preference order regarding theoretical virtues, making theory choice a much more determinate matter than what has sometimes been suggested; (ii) the preference orders are very similar for the three groups; (iii) simplicity is viewed as an epistemic virtue particularly by social scientists (but not by philosophers); and (iv) syntactic parsimony is preferred to ontological parsimony by all three groups.
Beyond Hempel: Reframing the Debate about Scientific Explanation
Authors: Dewulf Fons 
Published: January 2022

AbstractI argue that Carl Hempel’s pioneering work on scientific explanation introduced an assumption that Hempel never motivated, namely, that explanation is an aim of science. Ever since, it has remained largely unquestioned in analytic philosophy of science. By expanding the historical scope of the debate on explanation to philosophers from the first half of the twentieth century, I show that the debate should include a critical reflection on Hempel’s assumption. This reflection includes two problems: how to motivate one’s position on the aims of scientific knowledge and how to decide which examples count as expressions of those aims.
MARINE ORGANIC CARBON AND RADIOCARBON—PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Authors: Druffel Ellen R M , Beaupré Steven R , Grotheer Hendrik , Lewis Christian B , McNichol Ann P , Mollenhauer Gesine , Walker Brett D 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTWe discuss present and developing techniques for studying radiocarbon in marine organic carbon (C). Bulk DOC (dissolved organic C) Δ14C measurements reveal information about the cycling time and sources of DOC in the ocean, yet they are time consuming and need to be streamlined. To further elucidate the cycling of DOC, various fractions have been separated from bulk DOC, through solid phase extraction of DOC, and ultrafiltration of high and low molecular weight DOC. Research using 14C of DOC and particulate organic C separated into organic fractions revealed that the acid insoluble fraction is similar in 14C signature to that of the lipid fraction. Plans for utilizing this methodology are described. Studies using compound specific radiocarbon analyses to study the origin of biomarkers in the marine environment are reviewed and plans for the future are outlined. Development of ramped pyrolysis oxidation methods are discussed and scientific questions addressed. A modified elemental analysis (EA) combustion reactor is described that allows high particulate organic C sample throughput by direct coupling with the MIniCArbonDAtingSystem.
Syphilis resembling human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal cancer: case report and literature review of recent incidence trends
Authors: Maki D , Ebisumoto K , Sakai A , Okami K 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe yearly incidence of syphilis has risen markedly in Japan and worldwide. There has also been an increased incidence of human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal cancer, which presents with clinical features similar to those of syphilis.ObjectiveA case of syphilis with clinical manifestation resembling that of human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal cancer is reported, along with a literature review of similar cases.MethodsClinical case reports and review of previous literature.ConclusionSyphilis may cause irregular mucosal lesions of the oropharynx and cystic lymphadenopathy. It is difficult to diagnose syphilis only by examining pathological specimens, without clinical information such as Treponema pallidum antibody findings. It is necessary to correctly understand the characteristics of syphilis and human papilloma virus associated oropharyngeal cancer to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.
A controlled examination of acute warning signs for suicide attempts among hospitalized patients
Authors: Bagge Courtney L. , Littlefield Andrew K. , Wiegand Timothy J. , Hawkins Eric , Trim Ryan S. , Schumacher Julie A. , Simons Kelsey , Conner Kenneth R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundNear-term risk factors for suicidal behavior, referred to as ‘warning signs’ (WS), distinguish periods of acute heightened risk from periods of lower risk within an individual. No prior published study has examined, using a controlled study design, a broad set of hypothesized WS for suicide attempt. This study addressed this gap through examination of hypothesized behavioral/experiential, cognitive, and affective WS among patients recently hospitalized following a suicide attempt.MethodsParticipants were recruited during hospitalization from five medical centers across the USA including two civilian hospitals and three Veterans Health Administration facilities (n = 349). A within-person case-crossover study design was used, where each patient served as her/his own control. WS were measured by the Timeline Follow-back for Suicide Attempts Interview and were operationalized as factors that were present (v. absent) or that increased in frequency/intensity within an individual during the 6 h preceding the suicide attempt (case period) compared to the corresponding 6 h on the day before (control period).ResultsSelect WS were associated with near-term risk for suicide attempt including suicide-related communications, preparing personal affairs, drinking alcohol, experiencing a negative interpersonal event, and increases in key affective (e.g. emptiness) and cognitive (e.g. burdensomeness) responses.ConclusionsThe identification of WS for suicidal behavior can enhance risk recognition efforts by medical providers, patients, their families, and other stakeholders that can serve to inform acute risk management decisions.