bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perkembangan Puisi dan Prosa pada Masa Umayyah dan Shadr Islam
Authors: Safitri Eqi , Tasnimah Tatik Mariyatut 
Published: January 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk meneliti mengenai perkembangan kritik sastra pada masa umayyah dan shadr islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitik yaitu dengan mendeskripsikan bagaimana bentuk perkembangan pada masa umayyah dan shadr islam. Sedangkan dalam pendekatan yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan historis, yang mana peneliti mencari sejarah-sejarah yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan kritik sastra pada masa umayyah dan shadr islam Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kita dapat mengetahui mengenai definisi dan pembagian kritik sastra Arab, serta mengetahui sekilas sejarah kritikmsastra arab, perkembangan puisi dan prosa prosa pada masa umayyah dan shadr islam. Selain itu, dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah informasi mengenai kritik sastra Arab prosa pada masa umayyah dan shadr islam.
Community Perceptions Regarding Chikungunya Vector Proof Housing In Lahore, Pakistan for Sustainable Development
Authors: Taj Serena , Rana Saleem Muhammad , Hassan Amber , Faridi Tallat Anwar , John Akash 
Published: January 2022

Sustainable Development Agenda is gaining importance, acknowledging its importance right adaptation of interventions for housing regarding vector-borne disease prevention as suggested by “Keeping the Vector Out” can make cities and human settlements vector-proof and sustainable.Objective: To assess community perceptions regarding chikungunya vector-proof housing for sustainable development. MethodS: Descriptive cross-sectional study included 400 households of Aziz Bhatti Town, Lahore. A semi-structured questionnaire administered by personal interview method to the available and willing adult member of the household by Researcher with the environmental inspector and lady sanitary patrol of Dengue and Polio survey teams of DDO office Aziz Bhatti Town Lahore, using simple random sampling technique after consent and ethical approval. The questionnaire was pre-tested (Pilot). Data analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results: Among 400 households interviewed, the majority 69.7% were living in houses that were built >9 years ago, 86.8 % were concrete. Climatic change and global warming can increase disease carried by mosquito AedesAegypti believed by 90.2 % and their impact can be mitigated by improved housing reported by 91.5%. Regarding community perceptions about vector-proof housing, 74.6% believed that improved house design can prevent entry and breeding of mosquitoes therefore, 86.3% screened windows doors and eaves, 83.0% believed that they always checked cracks and crevices in the wall, floor and roof and cemented them. But 58.7% believed that they do not consider mosquito prevention housing interventions as one of the important factors when constructing their house as among barriers 73.5% could not afford modern building materials, 73.5% lack detailed knowledge and 13.8% thought screening as an obstruction to ventilation. Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika disease are spread by Aedes mosquito species believed by 78% who (agreed and strongly agreed) still 81.8% urged for health education regarding chikungunya vector proof housing.Conclusion: Housing improvement can mitigate the impacts of climatic change and vector-borne disease. But health program planners need to identify and facilitate the removal of barriers for adoption of Vector proof housing.
Shift Work among Nursing Staff in Public Hospitals in the Congo: Consequences on Sleep
Authors: Ataboho Ebenguela Ebatetou , Mantinou Juste Morel 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The negative effects of shift work on sleep are well documented. The requirement for permanent hospital care requires nursing staff to adopt this organization. The objective of this study was to assess these effects on the sleep of nursing staff in Congolese public hospitals.
Materials and Methods: This was a multi-centre, cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from January to November 2021 with nursing staff from nine public hospitals. Data were collected using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Results: The study included 700 nurses and orderlies with a 22.54% participation rate. Female staff (83.6%) and those aged 30 to 50 (76.1%) were predominant, with 64.9% being nursing staff and 35.1% being caregivers. The "2X12" work schedule was predominant (66.6%), 73.9% of staff had a continuous pace and 94.6% had rapid turnover. Daytime sleepiness, drowsiness and poor sleep quality were observed in 33.6%, 4.9% and 42% of nursing staff, respectively. Significant associations were found between sleep disorders on the one hand and age, number of dependent children, hours, and pace of shift work on the other.
Conclusion: The health impacts of the work, including sleep disorders in nursing staff in our hospitals, are real and require prevention, which will result in better services for patients.
Updates in Diagnosis and Management of Neonatal Cholestasis
Authors: Hamed Nazim Faisal , Alyasi Alaa Saud M. , Bedaiwi Abdulaziz Abdulrahman Abdulqader , Alshehri Turki Saleh , Ali A. Asseri Muhand , Alenaze Amer Faisal Alqaishesh , Albanaqi Ihtifal Salamh , Alenezi Almhnd Talal F. , Alanazi Khaled Abdulaziz , Kharaan Zaid Ibrahim Z. Al , Alhamwan Kawthar Fawaz Mansor , Alshahrani Mohammed Salem Slman , Obaid Ahmed Basheer Ahmed Al 
Published: January 2022

Neonatal jaundice refers to the yellow coloration of the skin and sclera of newborn babies that results from hyperbilirubinemia. About 50% of term and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice in the first week of life. Jaundice is also a common cause of readmission to hospital after early discharge of newborn babies. Jaundice mainly develop due to two factors—the cessation of fetal hemoglobin as it is substituted with adult hemoglobin and the comparatively immature metabolic trails of the liver, which are incapable to conjugate and so expel bilirubin as quickly as an adult. This grounds an accretion of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia), causes the symptoms of jaundice. The typical results in an infant who has cholestasis are prolonged jaundice, scleral icterus, acholic stools, dark yellow urine, and hepatomegaly. Trying of diagnosis of children with jaundice must begin with the classification of serum bilirubin into total bilirubin and direct (or combined) bilirubin. Phototherapy is introduced based on risk influences in the nomogram and serum bilirubin levels. IV immunoglobulin is suggested for cumulative bilirubin levels from isoimmune hemolysis regardless of phototherapyand exchange transfusion is designated if there is a risk of neurologic dysfunction regardless beginning of phototherapy. This review aims to summarize current evidence regarding epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management of neonatal cholestasis.
To Estimate the Level of Awareness of Contraception amongst the Teenage Girls
Authors: Chimurkar V. K. , Sawal Anupama , Fulmali Darshana , Chauhan Vaishnavi V. 
Published: January 2022

“What is contraception?”
Contraception is the method for birth control which helps to prevent unwanted pregnancies. There are so many methods of contraception including long acting reversible methods, barrier methods, hormonal methods, lactational amenorrhea method, fertility awareness based methods, emergency contraceptives, etc.
In present decade, the knowledge of contraception in teenage girls is mandatory as the involvement of teenagers in sexual activities is increasing day by day. The reasons can be many such as social media, electronic gadgets, peer pressure, etc. There are so many studies that have shown that knowledge of contraceptives, especially among the teenage girls in universities remains limited and the rate of sexual activity before marriage, and unwanted pregnancies, illegal abortions remains higher among college going students. It leads to various health conditions in girls as well as mental and social disturbances in both girls and boys. There is a need to make them aware about the consequences they have to face after engaging in sexual activities and ending up with teenage pregnancies, unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions.
Current study aimed to assess the awareness of contraceptives, sexual behavior, and factors associated with contraceptives use among female undergraduate students as well as girls who are illiterate in Wardha region, Maharashtra.
Aim: ‘The study was conducted to estimate the level of awareness of contraception amongst the teenage girls’.
Objectives:

To provide proper sex education to the teenagers.
To aware teenagers about complications of teenage pregnancies.
To acknowledge them about sexual activities and their consequences.
To acknowledge them about contraceptives and their proper uses.

Materials and Methods: Sawangi, Wardha. Total study participants were 140 girls. One group of 70 girls, age between 13 years to 16 years, half of them from school located in Wardha and half of them from rural area around the Wardha. Another group of 70 girls belongs to 17 years to 19 years, half of them from school and half from rural area. The participants were on voluntary basis. The girls belong rural area that had never been to the school. None of them were given questionnaire to fill. Answers were recorded on the questionnaire by the social worker who was assigned the job. Adequate time was given to each adolescent to answer the questions asked. The data thus collected was analyzed. Prior permission and consent were taken from the school Principal and the parents.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that there should be sensitization of teenage girls about contraception and various contraceptive methods. It will help them to prevent the unwanted pregnancies and it adverse outcomes of abortions which is beneficial to maintain their further reproductive life.
Comparative Anti Inflammatory Activity of Hexane and Aqueous Extract of Mucuna pruriens
Authors: Divyashri S. , Priyadharshini R. , Rajeshkumar S. , Sinduja Palati 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa and tropical Asia. The plant is an annual climbing shrub with long vines that can reach a height of 15 meters in length. Mucuna pruriens belong to the family legume. It is a herbal drug that is used as a medicine for the treatment of male infertility, nervous disorder, and also as an aphrodisiac. It has been shown that it potentially has more medical importance. It causes orange hair that causes a severe itch when in contact with the skin. It releases a protein called mucanain.
Aim: To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous and hexane extract of Mucuna pruriens.
Materials and Methodology: The extract was prepared and the anti-inflammatory effect was done using a UV-Beckmann spectrometer. The anti-inflammatory activity of nanoparticles prepared using plant extract was investigated by albumin denaturation assay. The results of the test were described as the standard deviation and analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Correlation and analysis were done in SPSS.
Results: The hexane solution and aqueous solution of Mucuna pruriens have a high percentage of inhibition at the 30 μl, 40 μl and 50 μl concentration when compared with a standard solution. And hexane has a high percentage of inhibition at 50μl when compared with a standard solution. The obtained data were analyzed using spearman correlation analysis and the non-parametric correlation was statistically significant at p value< 0.05.
Conclusion: The aqueous and hexane extract of Mucuna pruriens show good anti- inflammatory activity. In that hexane extract has good anti-inflammatory activity when compared with aqueous extract. And it is used for disease. And further research should be done with the action and mechanism of Mucuna pruriens.
Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor [ARNI] and Its Implications Ejection Fraction Preserved Heart Failure: A Recent Review
Authors: Trivedi Alokita , Punpale Ajinkya , Kale Swarali , Kumar Sunil 
Published: January 2022

This review article discusses the Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor which is remedy made up of two anti-hypertensive pharmaceuticals (sacubitril and valsartan). These medications may prolong life expectancy more than ACE inhibitors, which have been routinely used to treat heart failure. ARNi is now being used to treat individuals with heart failure those who have a low ejection fraction, which means their basic pumping chamber isn't working properly. Patients must be symptomatic despite receiving effective medical treatment for heart failure or be unable to tolerate a sufficient dose of ACE inhibitors to be eligible. Sacubitril and/or Valsartan are the debut members of a latest class of drugs described as angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors to receive FDA approval (ARNI). The FDA has approved the medicine for the management of chronic heart failure sufferers with a lower ejection fraction and NYHA classifications II, III, or IV.
Before commencing sacubitril and/or valsartan, patients must have to be able to accommodate ACEI or ARB. This intervention covers the instances, mode of action, approaches of administration, significant toxic reactions, risks and benefits, bioactivity, and surveilling of sacubitril & valsartan so as to the practitioners can control patients under therapy in settings into which it implies as a part of the effective interprofessional.
Determination of Bone Age and its Correlation to the Chronological Age Based on the Greulich and Pyle Method in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albaker Abdulmalik B. , Aldhilan Asim S. , Alrabai Hamza M. , AlHumaid Salah , AlMogbil Ismail H. , Alzaidy Nawaf Fahad A. , Alsaadoon Saleh Asaad Hamad , Alobaid Ohud Abdulrahman , Alshammary Faisal Hassan 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Many clinical indications need the measurement of bone age, including growth and development abnormalities, the timing of corrective procedures in pediatric patients, and the assessment and treatment of specific endocrine conditions. These evaluations are also useful in forensic science.
Aim: This study aims to compare the bone age of children aged 4 to 18 years old with their chronological age in order to determine whether the Greulich-Pyle (GP) method is trustworthy for Saudi youngsters.
Materials & Methods: Multiple approaches for determining bone age have been published, but Greulich and Pyle's methodology is the most extensively utilized. This method is based on an inspectional evaluation that compares the radiograph to the pattern described in a 1950 atlas using a sample of North American children aged birth to 18 years for the female sex and up to 19 years for the male sex. It is one of the most commonly utilized procedures for assessing the skeletal age of children and adolescents since it is rapid and quick to perform. It is based on the fact that ossification centers in the hand and wrist bones emerge in a predetermined order. For male and female youngsters, the degree of ossification in various hand and wrist bones is compared to the nearest matching plate on the Greulich & Pyle Atlas. This cross-sectional study was performed during April 2021 to September 2021.
Results: Total 216 patients were included or selected in this study among age group 4-18 years, the sex distribution among them were 148 (68.5%) and 68 (31.5%) were male and female respectively. Chronological age and bone age assessment by GP methodamong doctors when chronological age was 135.2 ± 45.0 (range, 45-216 months). Chronological age in male and female were 143.5 ± 44.0 and 116.9 ± 41.8 respectively with p value <0.001 which was statistically significant. The bone age were observed in two reading, first reading and second reading after 15 days by two doctors separately and all the finding were recorded almost similar and significant with p value <0.001. Correlation between Chronological age and Bone age by GP method in both sex observed significant p value <0.001. Linear regression analysis showed that the bone ageand its correlation to the chronological age assessment in first reading in male(r=0.761 and p<0.001) and female(r=0.889 and p<0.001), in reading after 15 days in male(r=0.760 and p<0.001) and female(r=0.868 and p<0.001).
Conclusion: In order to evaluate whether the Greulich-Pyle (GP) technique is accurate for Saudi children, the bone age of children aged 4 to 18 years old should be evaluated to their chronological age, according to this research.
Machine Learning Guided Synthesis of Flash Graphene
Authors: Beckham Jacob L. , Wyss Kevin M. , Xie Yunchao , McHugh Emily A. , Li John Tianci , Advincula Paul A. , Chen Weiyin , Lin Jian , Tour James M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdvances in nanoscience have enabled the synthesis of nanomaterials, such as graphene, from low‐value or waste materials through flash Joule heating. Though this capability is promising, the complex and entangled variables that govern nanocrystal formation in the Joule heating process remain poorly understood. In this work, machine learning (ML) models are constructed to explore the factors that drive the transformation of amorphous carbon into graphene nanocrystals during flash Joule heating. An XGBoost regression model of crystallinity achieves an r2 score of 0.8051 ± 0.054. Feature importance assays and decision trees extracted from these models reveal key considerations in the selection of starting materials and the role of stochastic current fluctuations in flash Joule heating synthesis. Furthermore, partial dependence analyses demonstrate the importance of charge and current density as predictors of crystallinity, implying a progression from reaction‐limited to diffusion‐limited kinetics as flash Joule heating parameters change. Finally, a practical application of the ML models is shown by using Bayesian meta‐learning algorithms to automatically improve bulk crystallinity over many Joule heating reactions. These results illustrate the power of ML as a tool to analyze complex nanomanufacturing processes and enable the synthesis of 2D crystals with desirable properties by flash Joule heating.
Sensitive and Homogeneous Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection Using Heterometallic Interfaces on Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Structure
Authors: Lee Jae Yeon , Lee Seungki , Shin Donghun , Park Jung Tae , Choi Inhee 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHere the use of heterometallic interfaces on metal–organic framework‐derived structures as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active substrates is investigated for sensitive and homogeneous SERS detection. Zeolitic imidazole framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) is grown on a conductive glass substrate via chemical bath deposition, followed by carbonization and oxidation to form ZIF‐67‐derived Co3O4 (ZIF‐67‐CO). For the sensitive and homogeneous SERS analysis, ZIF‐67‐CO is converted to the heterometallic interface Au–Ag@ZIF‐67‐derived Co3O4 (denoted as Au–Ag@ZIF‐67‐CO) via electrodeposition and successive chemical grafting. The optical properties of Au–Ag@ZIF‐67‐CO indicate a uniform and large‐scale distribution of both metals on the surface. Raman signals from the substrate are evenly enhanced based on the Raman intensity and shift mapping over a large area. Due to the multiple absorption bands of the Au–Ag@ZIF‐67‐CO substrate, signal enhancement can also be achieved with two different laser sources (532 and 785 nm) that are frequently used in SERS. As a result, concentration‐dependent and fingerprint SERS signals of small molecules such as 1,2‐bis‐(4‐pyridyl) ethylene, Nile blue A, and 1,1′‐diethyl‐2,2′‐cyanine iodide are obtained, and their signal enhancement factors are 104–105. Collectively, the use of heterometallic‐interfaced ZIF‐67‐CO will be a beneficial approach for collecting reproducible SERS signals of various target analytes.
Interpretability of Neural Networks with Probability Density Functions
Authors: Pan Tingting , Pedrycz Witold , Cui Jiahui , Yang Jie , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is an interesting topic to interpret artificial neural networks (ANNs) by considering some change various approaches. This paper explores the relationship between the input and output units of the simplest ANN, a single layer perceptron for the binary classification problem, from the probability point of view. If the feature variables of datasets follow independent normal distribution and outputs are activated by sigmoid function or smooth Relu function, we advocate that the probability density function (pdf) of the output variable is an exponential family distribution. Furthermore, by introducing an intermediate variable, the pdf of the output variable can be written as a linear combination of three normal distributions with same spread but different centers. Based on these results, the probability of the predicted class label can be written as a standard normal cumulative distribution function (cdf). The originality of this paper comes with interesting theoretical results to provide ANNs with a new description of the relationship between input variables to output variables, which can enable ANNs to be understood from a new perspective. Extensive experiments based on one artificial synthesized dataset and ten real‐world benchmark datasets validate the reasonability of those results.
Smad4 Deficiency Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Immunogenicity by Activating the Cancer‐Autonomous DNA‐Sensing Signaling Axis
Authors: Xiong Wenjing , He Wenzhuo , Wang Tiantian , He Shuai , Xu Feifei , Wang Zining , Wang Xiaojuan , Guo Hui , Ling Jianhua , Zhang Huanling , Liu Yongxiang , Xing Kaili , Li Mengyun , Zhang Hongxia , Li Jiahui , Niu Ningning , Xue Jing , Zhan Qiuyao , Liu Ze‐Xian , Bei Jin‐Xin , Huang Peng , Liu Jinyun , Xia Liangping , Xia Xiaojun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmad4, a key mediator of the transforming growth factor‐β signaling, is mutated or deleted in 20% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cancers and significantly affects cancer development. However, the effect of Smad4 loss on the immunogenicity and tumor immune microenvironment of PDAC is still unclear. Here, a surprising function of Smad4 in suppressing mouse PDAC tumor immunogenicity is identified. Although Smad4 deletion in tumor cells enhances proliferation in vitro, the in vivo growth of Smad4‐deficient PDAC tumor is significantly inhibited on immunocompetent C57BL/6 (B6) mice, but not on immunodeficient mice or CD8+ cell‐depleted B6 mice. Mechanistically, Smad4 deficiency significantly increases tumor cell immunogenicity by promoting spontaneous DNA damage and stimulating STING‐mediated type I interferon signaling,which contributes to the activation of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) and subsequent CD8+ T cells for tumor control. Furthermore, retarded tumor growth of Smad4‐deficient PDAC cells on B6 mice is largely reversed when Sting is codeleted, or when the cells are implanted into interferon‐alpha receptor‐deficientmice or cDC1‐deficientmice. Accordingly, Smad4 deficiency promotes PDAC immunogenicity by inducing tumor‐intrinsic DNA damage‐elicited type I interferon signaling.