bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularized Regression on Compositional Trees with Application to MRI Analysis
Authors: Wang Bingkai , Caffo Brian S. , Luo Xi , Liu Chin-Fu , Faria Andreia V. , Miller Michael I. , Zhao Yi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA compositional tree refers to a tree structure on a set of random variables where each random variable is a node and composition occurs at each non-leaf node of the tree. As a generalization of compositional data, compositional trees handle more complex relationships among random variables and appear in many disciplines, such as brain imaging, genomics and finance. We consider the problem of sparse regression on data that are associated with a compositional tree and propose a transformation-free tree-based regularized regression method for component selection. The regularization penalty is designed based on the tree structure and encourages a sparse tree representation. We prove that our proposed estimator for regression coefficients is both consistent and model selection consistent. In the simulation study, our method shows higher accuracy than competing methods under different scenarios. By analysing a brain imaging data set from studies of Alzheimer's disease, our method identifies meaningful associations between memory decline and volume of brain regions that are consistent with current understanding.
Generalizing Trial Evidence to Target Populations in Non-Nested Designs: Applications to AIDS Clinical Trials
Authors: Li Fan , Buchanan Ashley L. , Cole Stephen R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractComparative effectiveness evidence from randomized trials may not be directly generalizable to a target population of substantive interest when, as in most cases, trial participants are not randomly sampled from the target population. Motivated by the need to generalize evidence from two trials conducted in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG), we consider weighting, regression and doubly robust estimators to estimate the causal effects of HIV interventions in a specified population of people living with HIV in the USA. We focus on a non-nested trial design and discuss strategies for both point and variance estimation of the target population average treatment effect. Specifically in the generalizability context, we demonstrate both analytically and empirically that estimating the known propensity score in trials does not increase the variance for each of the weighting, regression and doubly robust estimators. We apply these methods to generalize the average treatment effects from two ACTG trials to specified target populations and operationalize key practical considerations. Finally, we report on a simulation study that investigates the finite-sample operating characteristics of the generalizability estimators and their sandwich variance estimators.
Implementation structures at work. Exploring implementation and de‐implementation attempts regarding Housing First and Individual Placement and Support
Authors: Carlsson Stylianides Kristina , Bejerholm Ulrika , Denvall Verner , Knutagård Marcus , Johanson Suzanne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch shows that resistance to change might occur in organisations that implement new evidence‐based practices (EBP). Formal and informal structures may work to retain traditional interventions, potentially counteracting the implementation process. Little is known about the de‐implementation of traditional practices to leave room for and enhance the implementation of EBPs. This study uses implementation structures as a theoretical framework with the aim of analysing implementation and de‐implementation factors among Swedish municipalities that provide support to vulnerable clients through the Housing First (HF) or Individual Placement and Support (IPS) interventional programmes. This cross‐sectional study is based on a digital survey and collects descriptive and qualitative data from three organisational levels in each responding municipality in Sweden. The descriptive statistics and qualitative texts were analysed using content analysis. The results show the incidence of HF and IPS, if and to what extent the interventions are going to be developed further, and partially, describe the organisational settings of HF and IPS. Organisational factors shown to have a negative impact on the implementation of HF and IPS were identified. The mapping of professional experiences from the intersection between HF or IPS and organisations such as the Swedish Health Insurance Office, the social services, and other similar welfare organisations, indicates that the realisation of HF and IPS requires expanded collaboration, which raises the consideration as to whether it is necessary to de‐implement broader frameworks and guidelines in these organisations to provide the prerequisites that enable the implementation of EBPs.
Soil respiration during three cropping cycles of durum wheat under different tillage conditions in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Ferrara Rossana Monica , Campi Pasquale , Muschitiello Cristina , Leogrande Rita , Vittorio Vonella Alessandro , Ventrella Domenico , Rana Gianfranco 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study analysed respiration from soil cultivated with wheat under a Mediterranean climate and submitted to two tillage treatments: no tillage (NT) and reduced tillage (RT). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were measured by static chambers in three growing seasons (2015–18) in the framework of a long‐term experiment of different tillage systems established in 2002. Tillage management remained the same throughout the trial, while chemical weed control was carried out in response to the actual weed content. Environmental variables were monitored, including the soil total organic carbon (TOC) content, water‐extractable organic carbon (WEOC), soil temperature and water content. Total CO2 emission, as mean of the studied seasons, did not significantly differ between NT and RT (2.35 and 2.24 t CO2‐C ha1 for NT and RT, respectively), although differences were found at the growth cycle scale. Total annual CO2 emission from NT was stable, being the same along the three cycles, while total RT CO2 emission decreased from the first to the third cycle. The TOC content was almost stable, while WEOC showed large variability that could explain the variability of CO2 emissions for RT over short time scales and was probably because of weed control in the middle of the second growing cycle. CO2 emissions were driven by soil water content via the impact on water filled pore space, and soil temperature range, that is daily maximum minus minimum temperature. In conclusion, for this winter wheat NT did not improve the balance of soil CO2 emissions with respect to RT.
Incidence and severity of short‐term incisional complications after intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs
Authors: Power Ashley M. , McKee Talon , Jordan Kara , Bergman Philip J. , Davis Kechia M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the incidence of short‐term incisional complications in dogs receiving intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 218).MethodsMedical records were searched for dogs whose surgical site was infiltrated with liposomal bupivacaine. Records were reviewed for complications within 20 days postoperatively. Cases were categorized by: (1) surgical wound classification (clean, clean‐contaminated, contaminated); (2) labeled versus off‐label use in orthopedic surgery – stifle surgery to address cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease versus other orthopedic procedures; and (3) orthopedic versus soft‐tissue surgery.ResultsComplications were documented in 43/218 (19.7%) records, including 27/218 (12.4%) complications that resolved spontaneously or with topical treatment. The incidence of short‐term incisional complications did not differ between surgical wound classifications (P = 0.55) or between labeled versus off‐label use in orthopedic surgery (P = 0.21). Complications seemed more common after soft‐tissue procedures (32/123; 26.0%) than orthopedic procedures (11/95; 11.6%) (P < 0.01).ConclusionSurgical wound classification or type of orthopedic procedure did not seem to influence incisional complications of infiltrated surgical sites. Complications were more common after soft‐tissue procedures than orthopedic procedures.Clinical significanceInfiltration of surgical sites with liposomal bupivacaine seems safe in a broader range of orthopedic procedures than currently labeled. The results also justify further investigation in soft‐tissue surgery.
The Structure of Inclined Choked Gas Jet
Authors: Srivastava S. , Sheridan A. M. , Henneke M. , Raza M. S. , Sallam K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The injection of choked gaseous jets into the still air is investigated experimentally motivated by many industrial applications including flares and burners. The objective is to study the effect of injection angle on the jet mixing with ambient air. The experimental methods consist of particle image velocimetry (PIV) using pulsed Nd:YAG lasers of a choked gas jet, seeded with aluminum oxide particles, injected into the still air, seeded with water fog. The computational methods consisted of 7.7 × 106 cells simulation using starccm+. The test conditions include injection angles of 0 deg, 15 deg, and 30 deg. The results including mean and fluctuating velocities and the flow vorticity are presented. The flow field is not symmetric along the injection axis due to the asymmetric triggering of expansion fans. Moreover, the numerical simulation reveals the complex interaction mechanism of the expansion fans and shockwaves within the injection port.
Factors predicting 30-day mortality after ERCP in patients with inoperable malignant hilar biliary obstruction: a single tertiary referral centre experience and systematic review
Authors: On Wei , Saleem Muhammad A , Hegade Vinod S , Huggett Matthew T , Paranandi Bharat , Everett Simon M 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveThere is a paucity of studies in the literature body evaluating short term outcomes following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with inoperable malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). We aimed to primarily evaluate 30-day mortality in these patients and secondarily, conduct a systematic review of studies reporting 30-day mortality.DesignWe conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with inoperable MHBO who underwent ERCP at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust between February 2015 and September 2020. Logistic regression models constructed from baseline patient data, the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were evaluated as predictors of 30-day mortality.ResultsEighty-seven patients (49 males) with a mean age of 70.4 years (SD ±12.3) were included. Cholangiocarcinoma was the most common aetiology of MHBO affecting 35/87 (40.2%). Technical success was achieved in 72/87 (82.8%). The 30-day mortality rate was 25.3% (22/87), of which 16 were due to progression of underlying malignant disease. On multivariate analysis, only leucocytosis (OR 4.12, 95% CI 2.70 to 7.41, p=0.02) was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality. Neither mGPS (p=0.47) nor CCI with a cut-off value of ≥7 (p=0.06) were significant predictors of 30-day mortality.ConclusionWe demonstrated that 30-day mortality following ERCP for inoperable MHBO remains high despite technical success. Further studies are warranted to identify patients most appropriate for intervention.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among undocumented migrants during the early phase of the vaccination campaign: a multicentric cross-sectional study
Authors: Page Kathleen R , Genovese Eleonora , Franchi Matteo , Cella Silvano , Fiorini Gianfrancesco , Tlili Rim , Salazar Sebastian , Duvoisin Aline , Cailhol Johann , Jackson Yves 
Published: March 2022

Study objectivesThe marginalisation of undocumented migrants raises concerns about equitable access to COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to describe migrants’ hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccination during the early phase of the vaccination campaign.SettingThis multicentric cross-sectional survey was conducted in health facilities providing care to undocumented migrants in the USA, Switzerland, Italy and France in February–May 2021.ParticipantsEligibility criteria included age >16 years, being of foreign origin and living without valid residency permit in the country of recruitment. A convenience sample of minimum 100 patients per study site was targeted.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData were collected using an anonymous structured questionnaire. The main outcomes were perceived access to the local COVID-19 vaccination programme and demand for vaccination.ResultsAltogether, 812 undocumented migrants participated (54.3% Geneva, 17.5% Baltimore, 15.5% Milano and 12.7% Paris). Most (60.9%) were women. The median age was 39 years (interquartile range 1). Participants originated from the Americas (55.9%), Africa (12.7%), Western Pacific (11.2%) Eastern Mediterranean (7.9%), Europe (7.6%) and South-East Asia (4.7%). Overall, 14.1% and 26.2% of participants, respectively, reported prior COVID-19 infection and fear of developing severe COVID-19 infection. Risk factors for severe infection were frequently reported (29.5%). Self-perceived accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination was high (86.4%), yet demand was low (41.1%) correlating with age, comorbidity and views on vaccination which were better for vaccination in general (77.3%) than vaccination against COVID-19 (56.5%). Participants mainly searched for information about vaccination in the traditional and social media.ConclusionsWe found a mismatch between perceived accessibility and demand for the COVID-19 vaccination. Public health interventions using different communication modes should build on trust about vaccination in general to tackle undocumented migrants’ hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccination with a specific attention to men, younger migrants and those at low clinical risk of severe infection.
Prognostic significance of heat shock protein 90AA1 (HSP90α) in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Alsaeed Sami A , Toss Michael , Alsaleem Mansour , Aleskandarany Mohammed , Joseph Chitra , Kurozumi Sasagu , Ball Graham , Mongan Nigel , Green Andrew , Rakha Emad 
Published: March 2022

AimsThe mechanisms that drive breast cancer (BC) progression and poor outcome are not fully understood. The human heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90α) encoded by theHSP90ΑA1gene has a vital role in cellular responses to stress and is implicated in the development and progression of many cancers. The current study aims to explore the clinical and prognostic importance of HSP90α in BC.MethodsThe Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n=1980); The Cancer Genome Atlas (n=1097) and the Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner (Bc-GenExMiner) BC datasets (n=5056) were used to evaluateHSP90ΑA1mRNA expression. HSP90α protein expression was further assessed using immunohistochemistry in a large (n=911) well-characterised BC series. The association between mRNA and protein expressions with other clinicopathological parameters and outcome was analysed.ResultsHigh expression of HSP90ΑA1 both at the mRNA and protein levels was significantly associated with characteristics of BC poor prognosis, including high grade, lymphovascular invasion, poor Nottingham Prognostic Index and positive expression of p53 and PIK3CA. Outcome analysis revealed that high HSP90α protein expression is an independent predictor of shorter BC-specific survival.ConclusionHSP90α can be used as a potential prognostic marker in BC. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms mediated by HSP90α in BC.
A Faster Algorithm for Finding Tarski Fixed Points
Authors: Fearnley John , Pálvölgyi Dömötör , Savani Rahul 
Published: March 2022

Dang et al. have given an algorithm that can find a Tarski fixed point in a
k
-dimensional lattice of width
n
using
O
(log

k

n
) queries [
2
]. Multiple authors have conjectured that this algorithm is optimal [
2
,
7
], and indeed this has been proven for two-dimensional instances [
7
]. We show that these conjectures are false in dimension three or higher by giving an
O
(log
2
n
) query algorithm for the three-dimensional Tarski problem. We also give a new decomposition theorem for
k
-dimensional Tarski problems which, in combination with our new algorithm for three dimensions, gives an
O
(log
2
⌈k/3⌉
n
) query algorithm for the
k
-dimensional problem.
Report on the SIGDial 2021 special session on summarization of dialogues and multi-party meetings (SummDial)
Authors: Ghosal Tirthankar , Singh Muskaan , Nedoluzhko Anja , Bojar Ondřej 
Published: March 2022

The SummDial special session on summarization of dialogues and multi-party meetings was held virtually within the SIGDial 2021 conference on July 29, 2021. SummDial @ SIGDial 2021 aimed to bring together the speech, dialogue, and summarization communities to foster cross-pollination of ideas and fuel the discussions/collaborations to attempt this crucial and timely problem. When the pandemic has restricted most of our in-person interactions, the current scenario has forced people to go virtual, resulting in an information overload from frequent dialogues and meetings in the virtual environment. Summarization could help reduce the cognitive burden on the participants; however, multi-party speech summarization comes with its own set of challenges. The SummDial special session aimed to leverage the community intelligence to find effective solutions while also brainstorming the future of AI interventions in meetings and dialogues. We report the findings of the special session in this article. We organized the SummDial special session under the aegis of the EU-funded H2020 European Live Translator (ELITR) project.1Date: 29 July, 2021.Website: https://elitr.github.io/automatic-minuting/summdial.html.
The Relationship of Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2) with Disease Severity Indicators Such as BODE and GOLD in Hospitalized COPD Patients
Authors: Zhang Xiaodiao , Miao Xiaqi , Ding Keke , Wang Jianing , Hu Binbin , Hu Xueting , Shen Jiamin , Liu Chunyan , Xu Yage , Zhao Xiuxiu , Bao Lulu , Chen Wei , Zhang Beibei , Huang Yiben 
Published: March 2022

Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) with BODE and GOLD in stable COPD subjects and to explore the predictive value of PaCO2 for severe COPD (BODE index score ≥5 or GOLD index score ≥3). Patients and Methods. In total, 80 participants with COPD and free from other conditions affecting PaCO2 were recruited. Arterial blood gases, BODE, GOLD, SGRQ, lung function, and other data were collected. The BODE index was calculated, and patients were divided into two groups according to the BODE index and PaCO2 median, respectively. We used Pearson’s correlation test and the receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the utility of PaCO2. Besides, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to verify whether PaCO2 was an independent factor associated with BODE grades. Results. COPD subjects with BODE ≥5 and GOLD ≥3 had significantly higher levels of PaCO2 (

p

= 0.004,

p

= 0.001, respectively). In the high PaCO2 group, patients underwent poorer outcomes than the low PaCO2 group. PaCO2 was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second in percent of the predicted value (FEV1%) (r = −0.612,

p

< 0.001). The performance of PaCO2 levels in predicting BODE ≥5 and GOLD ≥3 was 0.748 and 0.755, respectively. The logistic regression analyses proved that PaCO2 was associated with BODE ≥5 in COPD patients (odds ratio = 1.160, 95% CI: 1.025–1.313,

p

= 0.019). Conclusions. A higher level of PaCO2 was associated with a higher index for BODE or GOLD in COPD and had the predictive value for severe COPD.
Serological Evidence of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Wild and Domestic Animals in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Atuman Y. J. , Kudi C. A. , Abdu P. A. , Okubanjo O. O. , Wungak Y. , Ularamu H. G. , Abubakar A. 
Published: March 2022

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne zoonotic disease responsible for severe outbreaks in livestock and humans with concomitant economic losses in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study, therefore, investigated the seroprevalence of the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) among wild and domestic animals. Blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from 106 wild animals, 300 cattle (Bos indicus), and 200 horses (Equus caballus), respectively, in Yankari Game Reserve (YGR) and Sumu Wildlife Park (SWP) in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Harvested sera from blood were evaluated for the presence of anti-RVFV IgM/IgG antibodies. The overall seroprevalence in cattle was 11.3% (

p

= 0.677; 95% CI: 0.624–0.730) and in wildlife was 8.5% (

p

= 0.006; 95% CI: 0.00–0.60). The diversity of wildlife species sampled indicated seropositivity of 36.0% in waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymus), 25.0% in elephant (Loxodonta africana), 12.5% in eland (Taurotragus oryx), and 8.3% in wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). Whereas, samples from zebra (Equus quagga crawshayi), kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), and hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama) did not show detectable antibodies to RVFV, and seroprevalence in female (15.0%) wildlife species was higher than in males (4.5%) (

p

= 0.061). Classification of cattle into breed and sex showed no significant difference in seropositivity. Seropositivity of 12.0% was observed in White Fulani, 12.1% in Red Bororo, and 7.8% in Sokoto Gudali breeds of cattle (

p

= 0.677). Whereas, seropositivity of 13.6% was observed in females and 6.4% observed in males (

p

= 0.068). This study indicated the presence of antibodies to RVFV among some wild animals and cattle in the absence of a reported outbreak in the study area. The circulation of RVFV in the study area may pose a significant health risk to livestock, wildlife, and humans. Therefore, surveillance for RVFV should be intensified targeting mosquito vectors and humans in Bauchi state, Nigeria.
Cerium Bromide Single-Crystal X-Ray Detection and Spectral Compatibility Assessment with Various Optical Sensors
Authors: Linardatos Dionysios , Velissarakos Konstantinos , Valais Ioannis , Fountos George , Kalyvas Nektarios , Michail Christos 
Published: March 2022

Scintillators with high light yield (LY) values are of interest for medical imaging applications, in harsh environments, nondestructive testing (NDT), etc. CeBr3 has a LY of 60000 photons per MeV, a value much higher than other efficient materials, such as Lu3Al5O12:Ce (25000 photons/MeV); thus, its X-ray detection properties would be of interest to be examined for medical imaging applications. The X-ray detection and absorption properties of a single crystal CeBr3 sample along with the compatibility of its produced light with various optoelectronic sensors were examined. In this study, the quantum detection (QDE) and the energy absorption efficiency (EAE) of CeBr3 were calculated. The findings were compared with data for

10
×
10
×
10

m

m

3

Lu3Al5O12:Ce and CaF2:Eu single crystals. The measured optical spectrum produced by CeBr3 was well correlated with the spectral response of commercial optical sensors, yielding spectral matching higher than 93% for various photocathodes, e.g., GaAs (94%), E-S20 (95%), and bialkali and multialkali (95-97%), as well as with flat panel position-sensitive photomultipliers (95-99%). The energy absorption properties of CeBr3 were found higher than those of Lu3Al5O12:Ce and CaF2:Eu for X-ray tube voltages greater than 100 kVp. The quantum detection efficiency was 100% across the examined energy range. Even though CeBr3 is hygroscopic and has a mediocre 5.1 g/cm3 density, the QDE, EAE, and spectral correlation results are promising for medical imaging applications.