bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of dermal collagen and lipids in cereblon ablated mice using a multimodal nonlinear optical system
Authors: Park Chang Woo , Jeon Seungje , Kwon Seong‐Hoon , Jung Jun‐Hyung , Seol Jung Eun , Park Chul‐Seung , Cho Steve K. , Ko Do‐Kyeong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBy utilizing a multimodal nonlinear optical system that combines coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering and second harmonic generation to investigate biological characteristics of dermal tissues ex vivo, we demonstrate the potential feasibility of using this optical approach as a powerful new investigative tool for future biomedical research. For this study, our optical system was utilized for the first time to analyze lipid and collagen profiles in cereblon knockout (KO) mouse skin, and we were able to discover significant alterations in the number of carbon–carbon double bonds (wild‐type vs. cereblon KO; NCC: 0.75 vs. 0.85) of skin fatty acids in triacylglycerides as well as changes in dermal collagen fibers (25% reduction in cereblon KO). By adopting our optical system to biological studies, we provide researchers with another diagnostic approach to validate their experimental results, which will significantly advance the state of biomedical research.
Study on combination therapy for lung cancer through pemetrexed‐loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles
Authors: Xu Jian , Xu Wei , Wang Zhiqiang , Jiang Yuequan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and surgical resection is the optimal choice for the primary lung tumor. But for the secondary lung cancer, chemotherapy and combined radiotherapy still are the main strategies. To realize the combined treatment for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in this work, a nanoplatform based on pemetrexed (PE)‐loaded mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles were investigated. PE, a special therapeutic drug for NSCLC, was loaded into the MPDA nanoparticles via electrostatic attraction and was encapsulated with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). The results showed that, when irradiating with 808 nm near‐infrared light, the PE loaded MPDA (MPDA@PE@PVP) nanoparticles have excellent photothermal conversion properties, which would result in increase of ambient temperature and could accelerate the release of PE. In vitro cell experiments proved that MPDA@PE@PVP nanoparticles have excellent killing ability for NSCLC A549 cells by the functions of PE and photothermal ability of MPDA nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the intra‐cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of A549 cells in the MPDA@PE@PVP nanoparticle‐treated group could be promoted significantly after irradiation, leading to the death of A549 cells. In vivo animal model results showed that MPDA@PE@PVP nanoparticles could gather at the tumor site by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and have significant inhibition ability for lung tumor by synergistic therapy of chemotherapy, photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy.
Hydrogen storage capacity of Be2(NLi)2cluster with ultra‐shortberyllium–berylliumdistance
Authors: Sarmah Kangkan , Kalita Amlan J. , Konwar Dimpul , Guha Ankur K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations have been carried out to investigate the hydrogen storage capacity of Be2(NLi)2cluster. Calculations reveal that the cluster can take up to eight H2molecules reaching a maximum gravimetric density of 21.04 wt%. Six H2molecules bind at the Li atoms and two H2bind at the Be atoms with moderate binding energy which is required for reversible storage of H2. Symmetry‐adapted perturbation analysis reveals the significant contribution of electrostatic and induction and very minor contribution of dispersion toward the total interaction energy. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the H2molecules are strongly bound at 77 K and get slowly released at elevated temperatures.
Prevalence of multiple human papillomavirus infections and association with cervical lesions among outpatients in Fujian, China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Yusha , Li Suyu , Zheng Jinwen , Xue Huifeng , Chen Jiancui , Zheng Xiangqin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common, but their impact on cervical lesions remains controversial. A total of 6225 female patients who underwent colposcopies/conization following abnormal cervical cancer screening results were included in the study. The final pathological diagnosis was determined by the most severe pathological grade among the cervical biopsy, endocervical curettage, and conization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between multiple HPV infections and cervical lesions, adjusting for age, HPV genotype, gravidity and parity. In total, 33.3% (n = 2076) of the study population was infected with multiple HPV genotypes. Multiple HPV infections were more prevalent in patients younger than 25 years and older than 55 years, with the rate of multiple HPV infections at 52.8% and 44.3%, respectively. HPV16\52\18\58 are the most common HPV genotypes and usually appear as a single infection. Compared to single HR‐HPV infection, multiple HR‐HPV infections do not increase the risk of HSIL+, while single HR‐HPV coinfected with LR‐HPV seems to reduce the risk of HSIL+ (odds ratio = 0.515, confidence interval: 0.370–0.719, p < 0.001). Multiple HR‐HPV infections cannot be risk‐stratified for triage of HR‐HPV‐positive women.
Factors affecting age at primiparity in black bears
Authors: Wightman Noah E. , Howe Eric , Satura Abbygail , Northrup Joseph M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffective wildlife management requires an understanding of the factors affecting population vital rates. Age at primiparity can be an important determinant of population growth rates. Thus, understanding the factors influencing age at primiparity in wild populations is important for their management and conservation. American black bears (Ursus americanus) are widely distributed in North America and show considerable variation in age at primiparity across their range. We tested hypotheses regarding top‐down and bottom‐up drivers of age at primiparity in black bears across the province of Ontario, Canada. We obtained estimates of age at primiparity using cementum patterns in 1,033 bear teeth collected as part of regulated harvest in 2018 and 2019. We compared mean ages at primiparity between 2 distinct forest regions in Ontario using a Wilcoxon test. To quantify the effects of multiple putative drivers of variation in primiparity (e.g., harvest density, food availability, land use, climate), we paired yearly probability of primiparity data with environmental covariates in a mixed effects logistic regression model. Age at primiparity was significantly lower in the more productive forest region, likely reflecting broad‐scale patterns of food availability. Further, there was a significant positive effect of growing degree days (annual sum of daily mean degrees >5°C) on probability of primiparity, likely related to its influence on ecosystem productivity. Harvest density was negatively related to the probability of primiparity, possibly because harvest is positively correlated with bear density at this broad scale, and competition for food resources increases with bear density. Overall, temporal variation in food availability had a positive effect on probability of primiparity in a model fit to data for which we had the highest confidence in age estimates from cementum. Mean age at primiparity was older (5.57 yr) than in other more southernly populations, and most harvested bears (53%) were harvested prior to reproducing. Our analysis suggests that black bear age at primiparity is primarily driven by bottom‐up forces related to climate and vegetation differences that lead to greater food availability in the south. The relatively old age at primiparity and high apparent mortality rate of young animals in this population suggests that harvest can limit recruitment substantially, which needs to be considered when making management decisions.
A Progress Review on Solid‐State LiDAR and Nanophotonics‐Based LiDAR Sensors
Authors: Li Nanxi , Ho Chong Pei , Xue Jin , Lim Leh Woon , Chen Guanyu , Fu Yuan Hsing , Lee Lennon Yao Ting 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLight detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors enable precision sensing of an object in 3D. LiDAR technology is widely used in metrology, environment monitoring, archaeology, and robotics. It also shows high potential to be applied in autonomous driving. In traditional LiDAR sensors, mechanical rotator is used for optical beam scanning, which brings about limitations on their reliability, size, and cost. These limitations can be overcome by a more compact solid‐state solution. Solid‐state LiDAR sensors are commonly categorized into the following three types: flash‐based LiDAR, microelectromechanical system (MEMS)‐based LiDAR, and optical phased array (OPA)‐based LiDAR. Furthermore, advanced optics technology enables novel nanophotonics‐based devices with high potential and superior advantages to be utilized in a LiDAR sensor. In this review, LiDAR sensor principles are introduced, including three commonly used sensing schemes: pulsed time of flight (TOF), amplitude‐modulated continuous wave TOF, and frequency‐modulated continuous wave. Recent advances in conventional solid‐state LiDAR sensors are summarized and presented, including flash‐based LiDAR, MEMS‐based LiDAR, and OPA‐based LiDAR. The recent progress on emerging nanophotonics‐based LiDAR sensors is also covered. A summary is made and the future outlook on advanced LiDAR sensors is provided.
Er:YAG laser brain surgery with vascular specific coagulation
Authors: Katta Nitesh , Estrada Arnold D. , McElroy Austin B. , Milner Thomas E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveErbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser ablation can effectively resect water‐bearing tissues. Application of Er:YAG resection in neurosurgery is complicated by unpredictable bleeding in surgical field. Recently, an integrated theranostic system combining a dual‐wavelength laser surgery system using a thulium (Tm) fiber‐laser for coagulation and Er:YAG for resection, combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance was demonstrated for the in vivo resection of tumor tissue. However, lateral thermal spread in the range of 100s of micrometers is common due to lack of vascular specificity using a Tm fiber‐laser for coagulation. In this study, a vascular specific ytterbium (Yb) fiber‐laser is utilized for enhanced photocoagulation during in vivo neurosurgery improving the precision of Er:YAG tissue resection with minimal lateral thermal spread.MethodsMice underwent stereotactic laser surgery with the proposed Yb/Er:YAG dual wavelength vascular specific neurosurgery in vivo. An OCT system (wavelength range 1310 ± 70 nm) and OCT derived angiography images were used to record cortical images to confirm the coagulation of blood vessels and guide subsequent Er:YAG resection steps. After the laser surgery, mice were killed, and histological analysis was carried out using hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining to compare the lateral thermal spread with our previously reported Tm/Er:YAG neurosurgery where a continuous wave Tm fiber‐laser was used for coagulation.ResultsCoagulation scheme using a Yb fiber‐laser allowed stoppage of blood flow in disparately sized blood vessels encountered in the mice brain. Histological analysis of murine brain slices post Yb/Er:YAG laser surgery yielded lower thermal spread compared with Tm/Er:YAG laser surgery, maximizing the efficiency in both hemostasis (blood flow stoppage) and maximizing tissue ablation efficiency with minimal residual thermal damage zone.ConclusionIn this study, a vascular specific coagulation scheme with Yb/Er:YAG dual‐wavelength surgery is presented for neurosurgery. Additionally, Yb/Er:YAG study results are compared with that of a tissue coagulation approach in Tm/Er:YAG surgery previously reported to highlight improved coagulation, reduced nonspecific thermal damage and limited lateral thermal spread. Experimental results suggest that the developed dual‐wavelength laser system can effectively resect neural tissues with high localization, minimal lateral thermal spread at the micrometer level while maintaining a bloodless surgical field.
Synthesis ofN‐Substituted Maleimides and Poly(styrene‐co‐N‐maleimide) Copolymers and Their Potential Application as Photoresists
Authors: Eken Gozde Aktas , Käfer Florian , Yuan Chenyun , Andrade Ivan , Ober Christopher K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPoly(styrene‐co‐N‐maleimide) copolymers bearingtert‐butoxycarbonyl (t‐BOC)‐protected amine groups attached to side chains of varying lengths are synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET‐ATRP) and investigated from the perspective of photoresist applications. The length of the alkyl substituents enables control of thermal properties as well as hydrophobicity, which are critically important for resist processing. Removal of the acid labilet‐BOC group during deep‐UV (DUV)exposure shifts solubility in the exposed areas and well‐defined line space patterns of 1 µm are obtained for the selected copolymers. The correlation between glass transition temperature (Tg) and solubility contrast determines the lithographic performance where the copolymers with shorter alkyl chains exhibit promising results.
Knowledge‐based planning algorithm for lung SBRT with robust Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis and missing data management
Authors: Kroshko Angelika , Morin Olivier , Archambault Louis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeA knowledge‐based planning technique is developed based on Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis. A novel missing data management is applied in order to handle missing organs‐at‐risk and work with a complete dataset.MethodsGeometric metrics are used to predict DVH metrics for lung SBRT with a retrospective database of 299 patients. In total, 16 DVH metrics were predicted for the main bronchus, heart, esophagus, spinal cord PRV, great vessels, and chest wall. The predictive model is tested on a test group of 50 patients.ResultsMean difference between the observed and predicted values ranges between 1.5 ± 1.9 Gy and 4.9 ± 5.3 Gy for the spinal cord PRV D0.35cc and the main bronchus D0.035cc, respectively.ConclusionsThe missing data model implanted in the predictive model is robust in the estimation of the parameters. Bayesian stochastic frontier analysis with missing data management can be used to predict DVH metrics for lung SBRT treatment planning.
One‐dimensional consolidation for multilayered unsaturated ground under multistage depth‐dependent stress
Authors: Chen Yang , Wang Lei , Shen Sidong , Li Tianyi , Xu Yongfu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the phenomenon of stress decay in space, the total vertical stress varies with depth in the layered soil stratum. The physical properties of unsaturated soil stratum and the nonuniformity of external load in vertical direction pose significant effects upon the consolidation process, while related works have viewed modest development at present. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to explore the one‐dimensional (1D) consolidation patterns of multilayered unsaturated ground considering depth‐dependent stress by a semi‐analytical procedure. According to the 1D consolidation theory of unsaturated soils put forward by Fredlund and Hasan, the semi‐analytical solutions of excess pore pressures and settlement are derived with the combination of Laplace transform and matrix transfer method. Crump's method is then adopted to obtain the analytical solutions in the time domain, and the corresponding computing programs are compiled. Furthermore, the validity work of proposed solutions is conducted by comparing the current solutions in this paper with degenerated ones under constant load in existing literature. Concentrating on the double‐layered unsaturated ground, and by considering different physical parameters of separate layer, the 1D consolidation characteristics under depth‐varying stress resulting from two‐stage load are investigated. The major conclusion can be drawn as that the settlement with constantly distributed stress along depth is overestimated compared with that considering the depth‐varying stress.
Positioning patients for robotic‐assisted surgery: A qualitative study of operating room nurses' experiences
Authors: Bjøro Benedikte , Ballestad Ingvild , Rustøen Tone , Fosmark Monica Hetlesæther , Bentsen Signe Berit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimOne of the challenges of robotic‐assisted surgery is related to positioning of the patient on the operating table. Technological developments place increased demands on operating room nurses' competence to prevent positioning injuries and ensuring care quality. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe operating room nurses' experiences when positioning the patients for robotic‐assisted surgery.DesignA descriptive qualitative design.MethodsSeven operating room nurses with experience in robotic‐assisted surgery were included at a university hospital. Data were obtained through individual interviews and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative research COREQ checklist was used.ResultsWe identified three categories, (a) patient positioning is challenging during robotic‐assisted surgery, (b) operating room nurses take responsibility for patient positioning during robotic‐assisted surgery, but teamwork is important and (c) operating room nurses aim to achieve safe patient positioning during robotic‐assisted surgery.
The comparative performance of land sharing, land sparing type interventions on place‐based human well‐being
Authors: Carmenta Rachel , Steward Angela , Albuquerque Adrielly , Carneiro Renan , Vira Bhaskar , Estrada Carmona Natalia 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Environment‐facing interventions impact the distribution, use of and access of natural resources and have important implications for all dimensions (material, relational, quality of life) of human well‐being (HWB). Yet conventional impact metrics routinely surpass the non‐material impacts which may be particularly salient in rural contexts where small‐scale farmers depend directly on the land and biodiversity. Furthermore, little is known about the comparative performance of distinct interventions along a land‐sharing, versus land sparing gradient, on local definitions of HWB.

We address this knowledge gap, adopting a perception‐based impact evaluation within communities across four intervention types representing the land sparing, sharing gradient: intensified industrial soy production (n = 60 HHs), a protected area (n = 70), an extractive reserve (n = 70) and a national forest (n = 70) in Pará in the Brazilian Amazon. We collected data using the Global Person Generated Index (GPGI) with household heads (n = 270) in eight communities (two per intervention type). Focus group discussions (n = 8) solicited residents' perceptions of impact pathways.

Our findings highlight the important contribution of relational and subjective dimensions to HWB and call in to question the dominance of material measures in standard impact appraisals.

Furthermore, we show that single sector and integrated approaches generate ‘polarized impact footprints’ in which integrated approaches achieve (a) more impact, which is (b) more often positive and (c) locally salient, the inverse is true for single‐sector sparing style approaches.

Areas of well‐being that matter locally (culture, health and social relations), but are not impacted by interventions are relational, and point towards the potential of rights‐based conservation to empower rural smallholders to remain in their communities while flourishing.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Preparation, properties, self crosslinking mechanism, and characterization of UV initiated polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resins
Authors: Sawut Amatjan , Simayi Rena , Zhang Xiaohui , Jiang Menghao , Zhu Ziwen , Wu Tongmeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe self crosslinking polyacrylic acid (PAAsc) superabsorbent resins were prepared by UV irradiation without crosslinking agents and initiators. The effects of reaction factors on water absorbency and gel content of resins were investigated. The mechanism of self crosslinking polymerization was studied by means of 1H NMR and ESR, while the structure and morphology of the resins were characterized by IR, NMR, and SEM. The results show that the polymerization mechanism and structure of PAAsc superabsorbent resins polymerized through light radiation is significantly different from those polymerized by initiators. The main chain of PAAsc contains double bonds and polar functional groups such as ether groups and ester groups, which improves the hydrophilicity of the main chain and significantly improves the liquid absorption ability of the superabsorbent material. Moreover, the swelling kinetics, salt‐resistance, pH sensitivity, and water retention capacity of the PAAsc superabsorbents were studied. Owing to the remarkable water absorbency, salt resistance property and water retention capacity, this superabsorbent material has a broad application prospect in agriculture.
Synthesis of porous polymers by polymerization‐induced phase separation in the addition reaction of multifunctional isocyanates and dithiol compounds
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Arai Riku , Naruse Yutaka , Ahmed Kumkum , Nageh Hassan , Nakano Tamaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPorous polymers have been successfully obtained by an addition reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) trimer, isocyanurate type (IHDI), biuret type (BHDI), adduct type (AHDI), and dithiol compounds in toluene using triethyl amine (TEA) as a base catalyst. The feed ratio of TEA and the molecular structure of monomers affect the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the resulting porous polymers. In the case of the porous polymers obtained from the reactions with IHDI, aggregated or connected particles of about 1–1.7 μm in diameters were observed in scanning electron microscopy images. The porous polymers obtained from IHDI and dithiol compounds having long and/or flexible backbones showed low Young's modulus in the compression test. The Young's modulus of the AHDI‐1,6‐hexanedithiol (HDT) porous polymer was lower than that of the corresponding IHDI‐HDT and BHDI‐HDT porous polymers, and two‐steps deformation derived from compression of the particles and filling of vacant space in the porous structure was observed. The addition reactions of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) and alkane dithiol compounds also yielded the porous polymers, whose surface morphology was formed by connected small particles with diameters of about 0.5 μm. The porous polymers obtained from higher molecular weight PMDI showed higher Young's modulus.
‘Strange eyes’: Immigrant perceptions of racism during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Newbold K. Bruce , Vrabic Kaylah , Wayland Sarah , Wahoush Olive , Weerakoon Yudara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged, instances of anti‐immigrant racism and more specifically anti‐Asian racism appeared to increase across Canada. Recognising the need to further explore and document racism and its link with the COVID‐19 pandemic, this paper explores the impact of COVID‐19 on the experiences of racism and discrimination. Using neoracism as a theoretical framework, the research is set in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, a city that has struggled with high levels of racism and discrimination in recent years. The paper draws upon both an online survey as well as interviews that explored the lived experiences of racialized individuals within the city and their experiences with racism as the pandemic progressed. Results note that individuals felt that racism and discrimination increased during the pandemic and was experienced in housing, the labour force and other public situations.