bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human mobility patterns in Mexico City and their links with socioeconomic variables during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fontanelli Oscar , Valdivia Dulce , Romero Guillermo , Medina Oliver , Li Wentian , Hernández-Rosales Maribel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The availability of cellphone geolocation data provides a remarkable opportunity to study human mobility patterns and how these patterns are affected by the recent pandemic. Two simple centrality metrics allow us to measure two different aspects of mobility in origin-destination networks constructed with this type of data: variety of places connected to a certain node (degree) and number of people that travel to or from a given node (strength). In this contribution, we present an analysis of node degree and strength in daily origin-destination networks for Greater Mexico City during 2020. Unlike what is observed in many complex networks, these origin-destination networks are not scale free. Instead, there is a characteristic scale defined by the distribution peak; centrality distributions exhibit a skewed two-tail distribution with power law decay on each side of the peak. We found that high mobility areas tend to be closer to the city center, have higher population and better socioeconomic conditions. Areas with anomalous behavior are almost always on the periphery of the city, where we can also observe qualitative difference in mobility patterns between east and west. Finally, we study the effect of mobility restrictions due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemics on these mobility patterns.
Effect of Static Stiffness of Soil on Internal Force Distribution of Building Structures Subjected to Earthquake Loads
Authors: MANUKA DAGIMWORK ASELE , Mena Adisu Mesene 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The soil structure interaction model is developed by substructure modeling method. For the purpose of comparative study, the SSI depth is varied by 0m, 1m, 3m, and 5m. To consider this case the foundation soil of firm soil, soil class-A and the soft soil, soil class-C is used to comparative study. By considering rigid foundation, the soil can be replaced by a set of equivalent springs and dashpots in the inertial interaction analysis. The soil structure interaction can be modeled by using equivalent static spring modeling method and static stiffness of spring can be calculated by using the supporting soil properties. To calculate elastic static stiffness of soil the most well-known G. Gazetas equation is used. The static stiffness calculated shows that for the increased depth of soil structure interaction there is increased static stiffness. So, the calculated static stiffness is used as elastic spring constant and it is assigned on the footing column base of building structure which modeled by SAP200 software. Time history analysis is conducted by applying earthquake load on the structure by using SAP200 V 14.
Impact of pre-procedural diastolic blood pressure on long-term cardiac death of NSTEMI patients following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Xiong , Wang Peng , Hu Jingtang , Wang Zhen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Aims Diastolic blood pressure(DBP) is associated with cardiovascular outcomes particularly in the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationship between DBP and long-term cardiac death in Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between pre-procedural DBP and long-term cardiac death of NSTEMI patients following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods The study data were obtained from Dryad data repository. In our primary analyses, we include the cases of NSTEMI (1486 patients) who were treated with at least one drug-eluting stent and completed long-term follow-up documentation.Results High pre-procedural DBP was identified as a significant and independent risk factor of long-term cardiac death. A 1mm Hg increase in pre-procedural DBP level was associated with a 11% higher risk of long-term cardiac death ( 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.17; P<0.0001). Nonlinearity analysis showed that the infection point of DBP at 92 mm Hg and the statistical correlation only existed to the right of the infection point .The impact size and 95% CI were 1.19 and 1.08-1.30 (P=0.0004), respectively. Conclusion Higher pre-procedural DBP was a risk factor of long-term cardiac death of NSTEMI patients following PCI, and the infection point is 92 mm Hg.
Purification of sewage wastewater though sand column filter for lessening of heavy metals accumulation in lettuce, carrot and cauliflower
Authors: Naz Safina , Ali Sajid , Sardar Hassan , Sadiq Bushra , Ejaz Shaghef , Haider Sakeena Tul Ain , Altaf Muhammad Ahsan , Muhammad Hafiza Muniba Din , Ahmad Riaz 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sewage wastewater is rich in mineral nutrients contributed in plant growth and yield. However, accumulation of heavy metals in edible part of vegetables and fruits is dangerous for human health. Current research was conducted with aim to evaluate the performance of sand column filter for removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater applied to the selected vegetables. Heavy metals content i.e. Pb, Ni, Cu and Fe were estimated higher in untreated sewage wastewater as compared to treated water. Number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of leaves, roots and total biomass of lettuce, carrot and cauliflower were improved due to irrigation of unfiltered sewage wastewater as compared to sewage wastewater. Curd diameter, fresh and dry weights of curd, and stem fresh weight of cauliflower, root length and diameter of carrot enhanced because of unfiltered sewage wastewater than treated sewage wastewater. The accumulation of heavy metals i.e. Pb, Ni, Cu and Fe was higher in roots, leaves and edible parts of the selected vegetables. In the present study, Cd and Cr concentrations were not affected from filtration process through sand column filter. Conclusively, filtration through sand column filter is very effective for removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater to irrigate agricultural lands.
Extensive inheritance of gut microbial communities in a superorganismal termite
Authors: Sinotte Veronica , Renelies-Hamilton Justinn , Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Vasseur-Cognet Mireille , Poulsen Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Mutualistic co-evolution can be mediated by vertical transmission of symbionts between host generations. Organisms exhibit adaptations that ensure optimal microbial inheritance, yet it is unknown if this extends to superorganismal social insects that host co-evolved gut microbiomes. Here, we document consistent vertical transmission that preserves more than 80 bacterial genera across colony generations in a fungus-farming termite model system. Inheritance is governed by reproductives, analogous to organismal gametes, that found new colonies and are endowed with environmentally-sensitive and termite-specific gut microbes. These symbionts are then reliably passed on within the offspring colony, where priority effects dictate the composition of the forming colony microbiome. Founding reproductives thus play a central role in transmission. However, in sharp contrast to organismal inheritance of an endosymbiont within an egg, the multicellular properties of the superorganismal gametes allow for inheritance of entire communities of co-adapted microbes. Superorganismal inheritance aligns the reproductive interests of the host colony and a diverse set of microbes and clarifies a fundamental driver of millions of years of termite-bacterial co-diversification. Ultimately, the high symbiotic fidelity and host control favors mutualistic cooperation that should surpass that of other animals with complex microbiomes.
Predictors of delayed Anti-Retroviral Therapy initiation among adults referred for HIV treatment in Uganda: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kiyingi Micheal , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine , Nangendo Joan , Kiweewa John M. , Katahoire Anne R. , Semitala Fred C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Uganda’s current guidelines recommend immediate initiation of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) for persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in order to reduce HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality. However, not all eligible PLHIV initiate ART within the recommended time following HIV diagnosis. We assessed the prevalence and factors associated with delayed ART initiation among PLHIV referred for ART initiation, five years after rolling out the test and treat guidelines.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV diagnosis and referral circumstances, and time to ART initiation, was collected from adult PLHIV referred to Mulago Immune Suppressive syndrome (Mulago ISS) clinic for ART initiation from January 2017 to May 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was performed and significant factors identified. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
A total of 312 participants were enrolled in the study with 62.2% female. The median (IQR) age of the participants was 35 (28–42) years and baseline CD4 count was 315 (118.8-580.5) cells/µL. Forty-eight, 48 (15.4%) of the participants delayed ART initiation and had a median (IQR) time to ART of 92 (49–273.5) days. The odds of delayed ART initiation were higher among: 1) patients who had their HIV diagnosis made from a private health facility versus public health facility (adjusted odds ration [aOR] = 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–5.7); 2) patients who initially denied their positive HIV test results versus those who accepted aOR = 5 (95% CI: 1.7–14.9); and 3) not receiving a follow up phone call from the place of HIV diagnosis compared to PLHIV who received aOR = 2.8 (95% CI: 1.2–6.8).
Conclusion
There was significant delay of ART initiation among referred PLHIV five years after the rollout the test and treat guidelines in Uganda. Standardized post HIV diagnosis patient follow up at private health facilities including use of telephone calls would facilitate improved timely linkage to ART among newly diagnosed PLHIV in Uganda and similar settings.
The effect of medical innovation on the cost-effectiveness of Covid 19-related policies in the United States using a SIR model
Authors: Atherly Adam J. , Broek-Altenburg Eline M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
During 2020-21, the United States used a multifaceted approach to control SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) and reduce mortality and morbidity. This included non-medical interventions (NMIs), aggressive vaccine development and deployment, and research into more effective approaches to medically treat Covid-19. Each approach had both costs and benefits. The objective of this study was to calculate the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) for three major Covid-19 policies: NMIs, vaccine development and deployment (Vaccines), and therapeutics and care improvements within the hospital setting (HTCI).
Methods
To simulate the number of QALYs lost per scenario, we developed a multi-risk Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model where infection and fatality rates vary between regions. We use a two equation SIR model. The first equation represents changes in the number of infections and is a function of the susceptible population, the infection rate and the recovery rate. The second equation shows the changes in the susceptible population as people recover. Key costs included loss of economic productivity, reduced future earnings due to educational closures, inpatient spending and the cost of vaccine development. Benefits included reductions in Covid-19 related deaths, which were offset in some models by additional cancer deaths due to care delays.
Results
The largest cost is the reduction in economic output associated with NMI ($1.7 trillion); the second most significant cost is the educational shutdowns, with estimated reduced lifetime earnings of $523B. The total estimated cost of vaccine development is $55B. HTCI had the lowest cost per QALY gained vs “do nothing” with a cost of $2,089 per QALY gained. Vaccines cost $34,777 per QALY gained in isolation, while NMIs alone were dominated by other options. HTCI alone dominated most alternatives, except the combination of HTCI and Vaccines ($58,528 per QALY gained) and HTCI, Vaccines and NMIs ($3.4m per QALY gained).
Conclusions
HTCI was the most cost effective and was well justified under any standard cost effectiveness threshold. The cost per QALY gained for vaccine development, either alone or in concert with other approaches, is well within the standard for cost effectiveness. NMIs reduced deaths and saved QALYs, but the cost per QALY gained is well outside the usual accepted limits.
Loci on Chromosome 20 Interact with rs16969968 to Influence Cigarettes per Day in European Ancestry Individuals
Authors: Ehringer Marissa , Villela Pamela Romero , Palviainen Teemu , Evans Luke , Border Richard , Kaprio Jaakko , Palmer Rohan , Keller Matthew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Our understanding of the molecular genetic contributions to smoking are limited to the additive effects of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the underlying genetic risk is likely to also include dominance, epistatic, and gene-environment interactions. To begin to address this complexity, this study attempted to identify potential genetic interactions between rs16969968, the most replicated SNP associated with smoking quantity, and all SNPs and genes across the genome. Using the UK Biobank, we found one gene,PCNA, that showed a genome-wide significant interaction with rs16969968 for smoking behaviors in a sample of 116 442 smokers of European ancestry. We replicated this finding in a meta-analysis of five Finnish samples (n = 40 140): FinHealth, FINRISK, Finnish Twin Cohort, GeneRISK, and Health-2000-2011. To our knowledge, this represents the first reliable epistatic effect between measured genetic variants for smoking behaviors and provides a novel direction for possible future functional studies related to this interaction. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the feasibility of these analyses, which may be applied to other top SNPs for smoking and/or other phenotypes.
Knowledge and Practice of Catheter-related urinary tract infection prevention and Associated factor among nurses in public hospitals, West Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Nure Misra , Dechasa Abebe , Ifa Meseret , Bedane Jemal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Catheter-related urinary tract infection is an infection related to imported pathogens, which affects the urinary tract of patients with a urinary catheter. Catheter associated urinary tract infection is the most common nosocomial infection. Determining the catheter related urinary tract infections knowledge and practice of nurses, and the factors associated has paramount importance for improving the catheter-related urinary tract infection prevention practice, as well as efficiency and quality of care.
Objective
To assess the knowledge and practice of catheter-related urinary tract infection prevention and its associated factors among nurses working in public hospitals Oromia region, Ethiopia, 2021.
Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted and to select 408 study participants a simple random sampling technique was used. A Structured self-administered questionnaire and observational check list were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential analysis was done. Variable with p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI was declared statistically significant.
Result
From the distributed questionnaires 408 participants returned with their response which gives 96.7% response rate. Out of respondents, 63.5%, had adequate knowledge, but only 34.6% of study participants have good practice on Catheter-related urinary tract infection prevention. Having in-service training on infection prevention, working in intensive care unit and having access to infection prevention guide line were significantly associated with both the nurses’ adequate knowledge and good practice of catheter-related urinary tract infection prevention while age and year of experience, were factors significantly associated with nurses good practice of catheter-related urinary tract infection prevention.
Conclusions
The finding of this study revealed that more than half nurses have adequate knowledge on catheter-related infection prevention, but around one-third of them had good practice, which suggests difference between knowledge and practice. In-service training on infection prevention, the current unit of working, and the presence of a guide line were significantly associated with both the knowledge and practice of nurses toward catheter-related urinary tract infection prevention. There is a need of improving knowledge and practice of nurses towards catheter related urinary tract infection prevention through in-service training and use of guideline at working units.
Borate treatment of CLT Panels Using Vacuum: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Denavit Mark , Lloyd Jeffrey , Kirker Grant , Mankowski Mark , Taylor Adam 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is an increasingly popular wood-based alternative for large building applications. Preservatives are often applied to wood products to protect them from decay and extend their service life. However, CLT panels are typically not treated due in part to a perceived lack of efficient and effective methods for treating large panels and a lack of information on what impact treatment processes may have on the panels’ mechanical properties. We propose that treating CLT panels with borate solution, applied under vacuum in flexible bags, could provide a practical and effective option for providing preservative protection for interior applications. Samples were cut from commercially produced CLT panels and treated with borate solution using vacuum. The samples were then evaluated for preservative retention, swelling and degradation of mechanical properties. Initial treatments resulted in a wide range of preservative retentions and property impacts among the products tested. In subsequent ‘optimizations’, the treatment parameters were adjusted to provide consistent and sufficient retention amongst the products. The vacuum treatment method effectively penetrated cracks in the lumber and the bond lines. Swelling and impacts on mechanical properties were minimal in the optimized samples. In addition to these samples that were treated in a rigid pressure vessel, a larger sample was successfully treated in a flexible plastic bag. Data from this study supports the concept that vacuum treatment of CLT panels with borate can provide sufficient levels of preservative retention, can be adjusted to the material being treated and has minimal impacts on mechanical properties.
The Application of Sex Therapy for Unconsummated Marriage
Authors: Dai Yutian , Gao Qingqiang , Ni Dawei , Han Youfeng , Yu Wen , Song Tao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective:To clarify the clinical features and causes of unconsummated marriage (UCM) in China and to report the clinical efficacy and different evolution trends of sex therapy for UCM.Methods:A total of 293 UCM couples were evaluated from 2019 to 2022. UCM lasted from 1 month to 10 years. A total of 185 couples received sex therapy (or a combination of negative pressure devices and phosphodiesterase inhibitors), 43 erectile dysfuncton(ED) patients received phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 40 ED patients received intracavernosal injection (ICI), and 25 premature ejaculation (PE) patients received local anaesthetics or dapoxetine orally. The median follow-up time was 10.3 months.Results:Factors among males and females and common factors may lead to the occurrence of UCM. Almost all patients had a lack of sexual knowledge, male ED (186), PE (49), low libido (16), female genital penetration disorder (vaginismus, coitophobia) (197), sexual arousal disorder (48), and hyposexuality (11) (many patients had more than one factor). A total of 166 couples (89.73%) who received sex therapy successfully completed sexual intercourse, 11 patients withdrew from the treatment, and the average treatment time was 4.5 months. During the follow-up, 35 patients (21.08%) also needed adjuvant drugs (phosphodiesterase inhibitors, local anaesthetics or dapoxetine), and 131 patients (78.92%) performed well. Three pairs (6.98%) in the phosphodiesterase inhibitors group and 11 pairs (27.50%) in the ICI group were successful; four couples (16.00%) in the local anaesthetic or dapoxetine group were successful, all of whom had normal sexual partners (no organic disease, only lack of sexual knowledge).Conclusion:The causes of UCM in China are complex, the therapeutic method of sex therapy (or combined with a negative pressure device and phosphodiesterase inhibitors) is effective, and the follow-up is satisfactory. Oral medication and ICI therapy for PE/ED are not effective for sexual partners with sexual problems.
A risk-factors model for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with type 2 respiratory failure: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Yang , Jan Chang , Wang Lilin , Liao Yang , Xiang Tianyu , Wang Huilai , Gong Jun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Type 2 respiratory failure(T2RF) is one of the main causes of death in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), which has a rapid onset and adverse consequences. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the early risk-factors of T2RF in patients with AECOPD and to establish a predictive model of T2RF.Methods: Patients were selected from 7 affiliated medical institutions of Chongqing Medical University from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020 in China. Variables including demographic, laboratory examination were collected from the hospital electronic medical record system. Predictors were selected using univariate analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods. Furthermore, logistic-based nomogram (LOG), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) 3 machine learning were used to established risk-factor models. A series of indicators such as sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE) and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) were used to evaluate the model performance.Results: A total of 1251 patients over 40 years met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into case group (n = 241) and control group (n = 1010) according to the occurrence of T2RF during hospitalisation. A total of 19 predictors were included in this study, among which 16 were selected by univariate analysis with statistically significant differences. 6 independent predictors were screened out by LASSO, including the COPD duration, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin (PCT), percentage of neutrophils (NEUT%), D-dimer(D-D), pulmonary ventilation function (PVF). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of the logistic, SVM, RF, XGBoost models were 0.880(0.836-0.925), 0.836(0.779-0.893), 0.881(0.833-0.929), 0.903(0.868-0.939) and the area under the precision-recall curves (AUPR) of 0.676, 0.609, 0.704, 0.684.Conclusion: The clinical prediction model constructed in this study has a good predictive effect on AECOPD complicated with T2RF, and it can be used to predict in southwest China.