bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and depression in patients with intracranial meningioma: a mixed methods analysis
Authors: Kasper Graham , Hart Shannon , Samuel Nardin , Fox Colleen , Das Sunit 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
While diagnosis with a high-grade intracranial tumor is known to be associated with increased psychosocial burden, the burdens associated with meningioma are less well described. This study aimed to investigate the mental health burden in patients with meningiomas who have undergone surgical resection or serial observation, so as to identify and enhance awareness of gaps in care.

Methods
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered to participants. Fisher’s Exact tests were performed to evaluate frequency distributions and t-tests were applied to compare postoperative and non-surgical patients’ HADS scores. Semi-structured interviews were completed on a subset of participants. Thematic analysis of interviews identified emerging themes.

Results
Thirty patients with intracranial meningiomas met inclusion criteria. The cohort’s mean age was 56.01 years and 66.67% were women (n = 20). Fourteen underwent surgery; sixteen were treated conservatively with observation. The average time since diagnosis of the sample was 37.6 months. Prevalence of mild to severe symptoms of anxiety was 28.6% amongst surgical management patients and 50% for active surveillance patients (p = 0.325). The prevalence of mild to severe symptoms of depression was 7.14% amongst surgical management patients and 6.25% for active surveillance patients (p = 0.533). Emerging themes from eight interviews reveal the influence of resilience, uncertainty and time, social support, interactions with medical experts, and difficulties during recovery on mental health.

Conclusion
The findings from the present study reveal that patients with meningiomas experience a significant mental health burden, illustrating the need for enhanced patient-centred care focusing on mental health.
Pediatric suicide by violent means: a cry for help and a call for action
Authors: Theodorou Christina M. , Yamashiro Kaeli J. , Stokes Sarah C. , Salcedo Edgardo S. , Hirose Shinjiro , Beres Alana L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Suicide is the second most common cause of death among adolescents and young adults. In the pediatric population, gunshot wounds (GSWs) and hangings are common mechanisms of pediatric suicide. Comorbid psychiatric illness is prevalent in this population, but psychiatric resource utilization after self-inflicted traumatic injury is not well characterized.

Methods
We analyzed patients < 18 years old presenting to a level 1 pediatric trauma center after suicide attempt by GSW, hanging, or jumping from a height from 2009 to 2019. The primary outcome was psychiatric resource utilization. Secondary outcomes included prior emergency department (ED) visits to identify prior opportunities for intervention.

Results
Of 6538 pediatric trauma patients, there were 219 GSWs, 7 hangings, and 7 jumps from height, for a total of 233 patients. Of these, 14 presented following a suicide attempt (four GSWs, six hangings, and four jumps, total 6.0%). Half of these patients died due to their injuries. Self-inflicted GSWs had the highest mortality (75%). Most surviving patients were placed on involuntary psychiatric holds (n = 5/7, 71.4%), and three patients were discharged to an inpatient psychiatric hospital (n = 3/7, 42.9%). Five of the 14 patients had prior ED visits (35.7%), and of these, 60% were for suicidal ideation or suicide attempts.

Conclusions
Among pediatric trauma patients, suicide attempts are rare, but are highly lethal, with the highest mortality rate seen in self-inflicted GSWs. Psychiatric resource utilization is high both during and after the hospitalization. Prior ED visits may represent opportunities for depression and suicidality screening in this at-risk population.
In vitro anthelmintic activity of Physalis minima ethanolic leaves and stem extracts against Paramphistomum cervi from cattle
Authors: Ahmed Fazle Rabbi Shakil , Sultana Afroza , Sultana Mst. Jesmin , Saha Antara 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Crude ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem of Physalis minima (Solanaceae) were evaluated for in vitro anthelmintic activity on the Bangladeshi mature parasitic flatworm Paramphistomum cervi (Trematoda) in cattle. To compare the test results, Albendazole was used as a standard drug.

Methods
A leaves and stem extract of the P. minima was prepared in a Soxhlet apparatus using ethanol as a solvent. After concentrating in a vacuum rotary evaporator, the extract was analyzed for phytochemical activities. In vitro anthelmintic activity was tested against the flat worm P. cervi.

Results
The results of anthelmintic activity of P. minima were evaluated by paralysis instead of taking as of the paralysis time and death time of the flatworm. The study concluded that the ethanolic leaves and stem extracts of P. minima had anthelmintic activity in a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous motility of flatworm. From the screening experiment, the crude extracts showed the best anthelmintic activity. Furthermore, our phytochemical studies point out that ethanolic extract of the leaves and stem of P. minima contains flavonoids, phenols alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, steroids, proteins and cardiac glycosides.

Conclusions
The studies of total phenolic and flavonoids content were quantified for all parts of the plant. The results of the present study suggest that P. minima extracts are a promising alternative to the commercially available anthelmintics for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. Further research is required to confirm the possibility of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative applications.
Longitudinal dynamics of the bovine udder microbiota
Authors: Winther Anja Ruud , Narvhus Judith A. , Smistad Marit , da Silva Duarte Vinicius , Bombelli Alberto , Porcellato Davide 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the number of studies concerning microbiota of the intramammary environment has increased rapidly due to the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies that allow mapping of microbiota without culturing. This has revealed that an environment previously thought to be sterile in fact harbours a microbial community. Since this discovery, many studies have investigated the microbiota of different parts of the udder in various conditions. However, few studies have followed the changes that occur in the udder microbiota over time. In this study, the temporal dynamics of the udder microbiota of 10 cows, five with a low somatic cell count (SCC, SCC < 100,000 cells/mL) and five with a high SCC (SCC > 100,000 cells/mL), were followed over 5 months to gather insights into this knowledge gap.

Results
Analysis of the temporal changes in the microbial composition of milk from udders with a low SCC revealed a dynamic and diverse microbiota. When an imbalance due to one dominating genus was recorded, the dominant genus quickly vanished, and the high diversity was restored. The genera dominating in the samples with a high SCC remained the dominant genera throughout the whole sampling period. These cows generally displayed a heightened SCC or an intramammary infection in at least one quarter though-out the sampling period.

Conclusion
Our results show that the bovine udder has a diverse microbiota, and that the composition and diversity of this community affects udder health with regards to SCC. Understanding what influences the composition and stability of this community has important implications for the understanding, control, and treatment of mastitis.
How much preoperative flexion contracture is a predictor for residual flexion contracture after total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Lee Hyun Woo , Park Cheol Hee , Bae Dae Kyung , Song Sang Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Although total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in hemophilic arthropathy (HA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can improve functional ability, the postoperative range of motion (ROM) and prosthesis durability are reduced compared with those in osteoarthritic patients.

Aim
We aimed to compare (1) the pre- and postoperative flexion contracture after TKA in HA and RA, (2) the threshold of preoperative flexion contracture as a predictor of residual contracture > 15° after TKA, and (3) the survival rate.

Methods
Data from a consecutive cohort comprising 48 TKAs in HA and 92 TKAs in RA were retrospectively reviewed. The degree of flexion contracture was analyzed. Through receiver operating characteristics analysis, we aimed to determine the cutoff value of preoperative flexion contracture that increases the risk of residual contracture > 15° after TKA and compare the cutoff value in HA and RA. The survival rate was evaluated based on life table analysis and the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
The degree of preoperative flexion contracture was not significantly different. The degree of postoperative residual flexion contracture was 5.6° in the HA group and 1.4° in the RA group, respectively (p < 0.001). The cutoff value of preoperative flexion contracture for residual contracture of > 15° at last-follow up was 25.0° in the HA group and 32.5° in the RA group. The 5- and 12-year survival rates were 96% and 87% in the HA and 99% and 95% in the RA group, respectively (n.s.).

Conclusions
The postoperative residual flexion contracture was greater and the cutoff value of preoperative flexion contracture for residual contracture was smaller in the HA group than the RA group. Appropriate intra- and postoperative care to avoid postoperative residual contracture is required in HA patients.

Level of evidence
III.
Nanostructured lipid carriers: a promising drug carrier for targeting brain tumours
Authors: Garg Jivesh , Pathania Khushboo , Sah Sangeeta Pilkhwal , Pawar Sandip V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine has transformed the pharmaceutical industry with the development of novel drug delivery systems that overcome the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery systems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), also known as the second-generation lipid nanocarriers, are one such efficient and targeted drug delivery system that has gained immense attention all across due to their myriad advantages and applications. Scientific advancements have revolutionized our health system, but still, brain diseases like brain tumour have remained formidable owing to poor prognosis and the challenging drug delivery to the brain tissue. In this review, we highlighted the application and potential of NLCs in brain-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.Main bodyNLCs are lipid-based formulations with a solid matrix at room temperature and offer advantages like enhanced stability, low toxicity, increased shelf life, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility over other conventional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles. This review meticulously articulates the structure, classification, components, and various methods of preparation exemplified with various research studies along with their advantages and disadvantages. The concept of drug loading and release has been discussed followed by a brief about stability and strategies to improve stability of NLCs. The review also summarizes variousin vitroand in vivo research studies on NLCs encapsulated with cytotoxic drugs and their potential application in brain-specific drug delivery.ConclusionNLCs are employed as an important carrier for the delivery of food, cosmetics, and medicines and recently have been used in brain targeting, cancer, and gene therapy. However, in this review, the applications and importance of NLCs in targeting brain tumour have been discussed in detail stating examples of various research studies conducted in recent years. In addition, to shed light on the promising role of NLCs, the current clinical status of NLCs has also been summarized.Graphical Abstract
Effect of initial C/N ratio and turning frequency on quality of final compost of turkey manure and olive pomace
Authors: El-mrini Soufiane , Aboutayeb Rachid , Zouhri Abdeljalil 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn Morocco, the potential of agricultural waste is estimated at 34.7 MT/year. Composting is an effective way for waste management. If badly monitored, it can affect the environment. Initial C/N ratio (C/Ni) and aeration appear to be major factors impacting the composting process. This work studied the effect of C/Ni and turning frequency (TF) on the olive pomace and turkey manure co-composting process and on the final compost quality. The study concerned the Moroccan agricultural region Chaouia-Ouardigha where these two by-products are abundant and not valued. Six heaps (H1 to H6), at three levels of C/Ni (20, 22, 28) and two levels of TF (once and twice a week), were studied. Statistical tests showed that the studied factors had no significant effects on pH, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). However, C/Ni had a significant increase of 60% in nitrates. Varying from 20 to 22 or from 22 to 28, C/Ni reversed its significant effect on final C/N and CEC/organic carbon. TF reduced significantly OM and final C/N by about 22% and 9% respectively. The dendrogram showed that the six heaps could form at the end two groups: group 1 (four heaps) and group 2 (two heaps) with a similarity of about 75 and 90 respectively. C/Ni of 22 and TF of twice a week seem to be an optimum to produce a final compost of better quality. This work shows that (1) C/Ni and TF significantly impact several final quality parameters of composts from olive pomace and turkey manure, and (2) composting has a strong effect of reducing the variability between heaps initially different to produce very similar final composts.
Internal Mammary Node Irradiation in Patients With Node-Positive Early Breast Cancer: Fifteen-Year Results From the Danish Breast Cancer Group Internal Mammary Node Study
Authors: Thorsen Lise B.J. , Overgaard Jens , Matthiessen Louise W. , Berg Martin , Stenbygaard Lars , Pedersen Anders N. , Nielsen Mette H. , Overgaard Marie , Offersen Birgitte Vrou ,   on behalf of the DBCG Radiotherapy Committee
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE The Danish Breast Cancer Group Internal Mammary Node study demonstrated improved 8-year overall survival (OS) with internal mammary node irradiation (IMNI) in patients with node-positive early breast cancer. Here, we present long-term results from the Danish Breast Cancer Group Internal Mammary Node study cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS This nationwide, prospective cohort study allocated patients with node-positive early breast cancer to adjuvant radiotherapy with or without IMNI depending on cancer laterality. Patients with right-sided cancer received IMNI. Patients with left-sided cancer were treated without IMNI because of risk of radiation-induced heart disease. Other treatment was independent of laterality. The primary study end point was OS. Secondary end points were distant recurrence and breast cancer mortality. Analyses were by intention to treat. RESULTS During 2003-2007, 3,089 women were allocated to IMNI (right-sided, n = 1,491) or no IMNI (left-sided, n = 1,598). With a median follow-up of 14.8 years, 589 patients with and 701 patients without IMNI had died. The corresponding 15-year OS rates were 60.1% and 55.4%. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for death was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.96; P = .007) in favor of IMNI. The 15-year risk of developing distant recurrence was 35.6% (523 recurrences) and 38.6% (602 recurrences) with vs. without IMNI (adjusted HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79 to 0.99; P = .04]). The 15-year breast cancer mortality with IMNI was 31.7% (467 deaths) compared with 33.9% (537 deaths) without IMNI (adjusted HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.00; P = .05]). The distribution of other deaths was similar across groups. CONCLUSION In patients with node-positive early breast cancer treated with IMNI or without IMNI depending on breast cancer laterality, IMNI reduced the risk of distant recurrence and death from breast cancer, thereby improving long-term survival.
Simultaneous photonic and phononic topological pseudospin-dependent edge states in phoxonic crystals
Authors: Hu Zhong , Lei LinLin , He Lingjuan , Liu Wenxing , Yu Tianbao , Wang Tongbiao , Liao Qinghua 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The topological pseudospin-dependent edge states for sound and light are achieved simultaneously in phoxonic crystals (PxCs). By studying the topological phase transition mechanisms, we find that photonic bands can be inverted by changing the distance from the center of rods to the center of the unit cell, and phononic bands can be inverted by modifying the rotation angle of rods. Based on different adjustment schemes for light and sound, band inversions of both photonic and phononic modes are realized by simultaneously deforming the lattice and rotating the rods. Dual topological pseudospin-dependent edge states thus can be observed at the domain wall interfaces between two PxCs with distinct topological phases. The pseudospin-dependent one-way propagations and the topologically robust propagations against three types of defects for both light and sound are further numerically demonstrated. The proposed PxCs provide a platform for designing topologically integrated management of photons and phonons.
Evaluation of First Seizure and Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy
Authors: Wirrell Elaine 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article focuses on the evaluation of children and adults who present with new-onset seizures, with an emphasis on differential diagnosis, classification, evaluation, and management.

RECENT FINDINGS
New-onset seizures are a common presentation in neurologic practice, affecting approximately 8% to 10% of the population. Accurate diagnosis relies on a careful history to exclude nonepileptic paroxysmal events. A new classification system was accepted in 2017 by the International League Against Epilepsy, which evaluates seizure type(s), epilepsy type, epilepsy syndrome, etiology, and comorbidities. Accurate classification informs the choice of investigations, treatment, and prognosis. Guidelines for neuroimaging and laboratory and genetic testing are summarized.

SUMMARY
Accurate diagnosis and classification of first seizures and new-onset epilepsy are key to choosing optimal therapy to maximize seizure control and minimize comorbidities.
Seizures and Epilepsy in Childhood
Authors: Gogou Maria , Cross Judith Helen 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article highlights basic concepts of seizures and epilepsy in pediatric patients, as well as basic treatment principles for this age group.

RECENT FINDINGS
Epilepsy is the most common neurologic disorder in childhood. Accurate diagnosis is key; in older children, epileptic seizures need to be differentiated from various paroxysmal nonepileptic events, whereas in neonates, the majority of seizures are subclinical (electroencephalographic). Antiseizure medications remain the first-line treatment, but ketogenic diet and epilepsy surgery have also shown positive outcomes and can decrease drug burden. Genetic causes account for approximately 30% of cases, and the recognition of electroclinical syndromes is being replaced by the concept of genetic spectrums. Precision medicine therapies are promising, but wide application in daily practice still has a long way to go. Early access to specialist centers and optimal treatments positively affects prognosis and future neurodevelopment.

SUMMARY
Although novel findings from all fields of research are being incorporated into everyday clinical practice, a better quality of life for children with seizures and epilepsy and their families is the ultimate priority.
Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Comorbidities in Epilepsy
Authors: Mula Marco , Coleman Honor , Wilson Sarah J. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article discusses psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities of epilepsy over the lifespan and illustrates opportunities to improve the quality of care of children and adults with epilepsy.

RECENT FINDINGS
One in 3 people with epilepsy have a lifetime history of psychiatric disorders, and they represent an important prognostic marker of epilepsy. Contributors are diverse and display a complex relationship. Cognitive comorbidities are also common among those living with epilepsy and are increasingly recognized as a reflection of changes to underlying brain networks. Among the cognitive comorbidities, intellectual disability and dementia are common and can complicate the diagnostic process when cognitive and/or behavioral features resemble seizures.

SUMMARY
Comorbidities require consideration from the first point of contact with a patient because they can determine the presentation of symptoms, responsiveness to treatment, and the patient’s day-to-day functioning and quality of life. In epilepsy, psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities may prove a greater source of disability for the patient and family than the seizures themselves, and in the case of essential comorbidities, they are regarded as core to the disorder in terms of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
NANOS3 suppresses premature spermatogonial differentiation to expand progenitors and fine-tunes spermatogenesis in mice
Authors: Inoue Hiroki , Sakurai Takayuki , Hasegawa Kazuteru , Suzuki Atsushi , Saga Yumiko 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
In the mouse testis, sperm originate from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). SSCs give rise to spermatogonial progenitors, which expand their population until entering the differentiation process that is precisely regulated by a fixed time-scaled program called the seminiferous cycle. Although this expansion process of progenitors is highly important, its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. NANOS3 is an RNA-binding protein expressed in the progenitor population. We demonstrated that the conditional deletion of Nanos3 at a later embryonic stage results in the reduction of spermatogonial progenitors in the postnatal testis. This reduction was associated with the premature differentiation of progenitors. Furthermore, this premature differentiation caused seminiferous stage disagreement between adjacent spermatogenic cells, which influenced spermatogenic epithelial cycles, leading to disruption of the later differentiation pathway. Our study suggests that NANOS3 plays an important role in timing progenitor expansion to adjust to the proper differentiation timing by blocking the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway.