bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement characteristics and correlates of HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from coastal Kenya
Authors: Wanjala Stanley W , Nyongesa Moses K , Mwangi Paul , Mutua Agnes M , Luchters Stanley , Newton Charles R J C , Abubakar Amina 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe studied the psychometric properties of the 12-item short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale and assessed the correlates of HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV on the Kenyan coast.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingComprehensive Care and Research Centre in the Kilifi County Hospital.ParticipantsAdults living with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy were recruited and interviewed between February and April 2018 (n=450).Main outcome measuresHIV-related stigma.Results450 participants with a median age of 43 years (IQR=36–50) took part in the study. Of these, 356 (79.1%) were female. Scale reliability and validity were high (alpha=0.80, test–retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient=0.92). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we observed that the 12-item short version of the HIV stigma scale had a good fit for its hypothesised model (Comparative Fit Index=0.966, Tucker Lewis Index=0.955, root mean square error of approximation=0.044). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated measurement invariance across gender and age groups as ΔCFI was ≤0.01. Multivariate linear regression established that being female (β=2.001, 95% CI: 0.21 to 3.80, p=0.029), HIV status non-disclosure (β=4.237, 95% CI: 1.27 to 7.20, p=0.005) and co-occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms (β=6.670, 95% CI: 3.40 to 9.94, p<0.001) were significant predictors of perceived HIV-related stigma and that these variables accounted for 10.2% of the explained variability in HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV from Kilifi.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the 12-item short version of the HIV stigma scale is a valid and reliable measure of HIV stigma in Kenya. Furthermore, our study indicates that interventions aimed at reducing stigma need to take into account gender to address the specific needs of women, people who have not disclosed their HIV status, and those exhibiting symptoms of depression and anxiety, thereby improving their quality of life.
Post-traumatic stress disorder psychological interventions in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ntlantsana Vuyokazi , Molebatsi Keneilwe , Mashaphu Sibongile , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Akena Dickens 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionUntreated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results in considerable morbidity and higher risk of mortality. However, little is being done to treat PTSD in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) settings where rates of PTSD are likely to be elevated due to mass exposure of the population to traumatic events. This systematic review aims to summarise available evidence on the efficacy of psychological therapies for PTSD in SSA.Methods and analysisA systematic search of the literature will be conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, PsychInfo, EMBASE and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials using keywords and synonyms related to ‘PTSD’, ‘psychological therapies’ and ‘SSA’. Studies will be included if they were conducted in SSA and used a randomised controlled trial design. Two researchers will screen the studies for eligibility to be included, and data on intervention types, population, comorbidities, comparison group intervention and PTSD outcomes will be extracted from those included. Risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (version 2). Narrative synthesis of data will be conducted and pooled effect estimates calculated.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is a protocol of a systematic review of available data. Findings will be disseminated to the scientific community through peer-reviewed publications and presentation at conferences.PROSPERO registrationCRD42020181638.
Associations between use of psychotropic medications and use of hormonal contraception among girls and women aged 15–49 years in Finland: a nationwide, register-based, matched case–control study
Authors: Toffol Elena , Partonen Timo , Heikinheimo Oskari , But Anna , Latvala Antti , Haukka Jari 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe relationship between the use of contraception and of psychiatric medications is understudied. We examined whether the current and past use of psychotropic medications is associated with the use and type of hormonal contraception (HC).DesignNationwide register-based matched case–control study.SettingsAll fertile-aged (15–49 years) girls and women living in Finland in 2017; data from several national registers.Participants294 356 girls and women with a redeemed prescription of HC in 2017, and their same-sized control group of non-users (n=294 356) identified through the Prescription Centre.Main outcome measuresAssociations between the use of psychotropic medications and the use of HC, and the type of HC tested in logistic regression models.ResultsAltogether 19.5% of the HC users, and 18% of the HC non-users received at least one prescription for a psychotropic medication in 2017. Among HC users, the proportions of occasional and regular users of psychotropic medications in 2013–2016 were 4.5% and 14.8%, while among HC non-users the respective figures were 4.3% and 14.6%, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models both the use of psychotropic medications in 2017, and their occasional or regular use between 2013–2016 were associated with higher odds of HC use, although with small to very small effect sizes (ORs between 1.37 and 1.06 and 95% CIs 1.22 to 1.53, and 1.03 to 1.09, respectively). After adjustment for covariates, when fixed combinations of progestogens and oestrogens for systemic use was the reference category, women using almost any class of psychotropic medications had higher odds of using other types of HC.ConclusionsFertile-aged girls and women with current and past use of psychotropic medications have higher odds of using HC, with a specific pattern in the type of contraceptives used. Further research is warranted to examine whether our observations indicate a reduction of unwanted pregnancies in women with psychiatric disorders.
Body composition and chemotherapy toxicity in women with early breast cancer (CANDO-3): protocol for an observational cohort study
Authors: Durkin Kesta , Heetun Adam , Ewings Sean , Munday Richard , Wootton Stephen A , Turner Lesley , Copson Ellen R ,   CANDO-3 Steering Group, Cutress Ramsey I 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSystemic anticancer therapy is given to selected patients with early breast cancer (EBC) before or after surgery with the aim of eradicating micrometastatic spread and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. Chemotherapy treatment is most effective when patients receive the optimum dose, on time and without delays or reductions in their treatment doses. Most chemotherapy drugs are dosed according to body surface area calculated from a patient’s height and weight. These calculations were however designed based on data from normal weight patients. This has resulted in uncertainty as to the optimal dosing for patients with different amounts of blood, muscle and fatty tissue (body composition). This study uses segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (using the Seca mBCA 515) to determine whether differences in the measures of resistance and reactance, and derived estimates of body composition, are predictive of chemotherapy toxicity in the treatment of EBC.Methods and analysisA prospective observational cohort study of women with EBC in whom adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy is planned. A total of 300 participants will be recruited across nine UK hospital sites. The primary outcome is to determine if higher fat mass index is associated with increased National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 grade 3 (or higher) chemotherapy toxicity.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the South Central Hampshire B Research Ethics Committee, England (19/SC/0596: IRAS: 263666). The chief investigator and coinvestigators will be responsible for publication of the study findings in a peer-reviewed journal, on behalf of all collaborators.Trial registration numberISRCTN79577461.
Social and territorial inequalities in breast and cervical cancers screening uptake: a cross-sectional study in France
Authors: Ouanhnon Lisa , Rougé Bugat Marie-Eve , Lamy Sebastien , Druel Vladimir , Delpierre Cyrille , Grosclaude Pascale 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of socio-territorial characteristics on mammography and pap smear uptake according to the place of residence in the recommended age groups, and second outside the recommended age groups.Setting and participantsWe used an existing dataset of 1 027 039 women which combines data from the Health Insurance information systems, with census data from Midi-Pyrénées, France.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur outcome was, for each woman, the uptake of the pap smear and the uptake of the mammography during the year.ResultsA social gradient of screening uptake was found in the recommended age groups. This gradient was stronger in large urban areas:(1) For mammography: decile 10 (the most deprived) vs 1 (the least deprived), adjusted OR 0.777, 95% CI (0.748 to 0.808) in large urban area; adjusted OR= 0.808 for decile 1 to 0.726 for decile 10 in other areas vs decile 1 in urban areas;(2) For pap smear: decile 10 vs 1 adjusted OR 0.66, 95%CI (0.642 to 0.679) in large urban areas; adjusted OR= 0.747 for decile 1 to 0.562 for decile 10 in other areas vs decile 1 in urban areas).Screening rates were globally higher in large urban areas.For mammography, the social and territorial disparities were higher outside the recommended age group.ConclusionsOffering a universal approach to every woman, as it is often the case in nationally organised screening programmes, is likely to be insufficient to ensure real equity in access. Developing global dataset combining health data and diverse socioeconomic data, at individual and contextual levels, could enable a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this social gradient, and therefore, the development of targeted territorial actions to improve equity of access to healthcare.
Families’ healthcare experiences for children with inherited metabolic diseases: protocol for a mixed methods cohort study
Authors: Chow Andrea J , Iverson Ryan , Lamoureux Monica , Tingley Kylie , Jordan Isabel , Pallone Nicole , Smith Maureen , Al-Baldawi Zobaida , Chakraborty Pranesh , Brehaut Jamie , Chan Alicia , Cohen Eyal , Dyack Sarah , Gillis Lisa Jane , Goobie Sharan , Graham Ian D , Greenberg Cheryl R , Grimshaw Jeremy M , Hayeems Robin Z , Jain-Ghai Shailly , Jolly Ann , Khangura Sara , MacKenzie Jennifer J , Major Nathalie , Mitchell John J , Nicholls Stuart G , Pender Amy , Potter Murray , Prasad Chitra , Prosser Lisa A , Schulze Andreas , Siriwardena Komudi , Sparkes Rebecca , Speechley Kathy , Stockler Sylvia , Taljaard Monica , Teitelbaum Mari , Trakadis Yannis , van Karnebeek Clara , Walia Jagdeep S , Wilson Brenda J , Wilson Kumanan , Potter Beth K 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionChildren with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) often have complex and intensive healthcare needs and their families face challenges in receiving high-quality, family centred health services. Improvement in care requires complex interventions involving multiple components and stakeholders, customised to specific care contexts. This study aims to comprehensively understand the healthcare experiences of children with IMDs and their families across Canada.Methods and analysisA two-stage explanatory sequential mixed methods design will be used. Stage 1: quantitative data on healthcare networks and encounter experiences will be collected from 100 parent/guardians through a care map, 2 baseline questionnaires and 17 weekly diaries over 5–7 months. Care networks will be analysed using social network analysis. Relationships between demographic or clinical variables and ratings of healthcare experiences across a range of family centred care dimensions will be analysed using generalised linear regression. Other quantitative data related to family experiences and healthcare experiences will be summarised descriptively. Ongoing analysis of quantitative data and purposive, maximum variation sampling will inform sample selection for stage 2: a subset of stage 1 participants will participate in one-on-one videoconference interviews to elaborate on the quantitative data regarding care networks and healthcare experiences. Interview data will be analysed thematically. Qualitative and quantitative data will be merged during analysis to arrive at an enhanced understanding of care experiences. Quantitative and qualitative data will be combined and presented narratively using a weaving approach (jointly on a theme-by-theme basis) and visually in a side-by-side joint display.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and procedures were approved by the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario’s Research Ethics Board, the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board and the research ethics boards of each participating study centre. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Individual and contextual factors associated with maternal healthcare utilisation in Mali: a cross-sectional study using Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Bain Luchuo Engelbert , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Malunga Gift , Amu Hubert , Dowou Robert Kokou , Saah Farrukh Ishaque , Kongnyuy Eugene Justine 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe examined the national prevalence as well as the individual and contextual factors associated with maternal healthcare utilisation in Mali.SettingThe study was conducted in Mali.ParticipantsWe analysed data on 6335 women aged 15–49 years from Mali’s 2018 Demographic and Health Survey.Outcome variableMaternal healthcare utilisation comprising antenatal care (ANC) attendant, skilled birth attendant (SBA), and postnatal care (PNC) attendant, was our outcome variable.ResultsPrevalence of maternal healthcare utilisation was 45.6% for ANC4+, 74.7% for SBA and 25.5% for PNC. At the individual level, ANC4 + and SBA utilisation increased with increasing maternal age, level of formal education and wealth status. Higher odds of ANC4 + was found among women who are cohabiting (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.25, 95% CI 1.16 to 4.37) and delivered by caesarean section (aOR=2.53, 95% CI 1.72 to 3.73), while women who considered getting money for treatment (aOR=0.72, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.88) and distance to health facility (aOR=0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.90) as a big problem had lower odds. Odds to use PNC was higher for those who were working (aOR=1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.48) and those covered by health insurance (aOR=1.87, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.57). Lower odds of SBA use were associated with having two (aOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.71), three (aOR=0.37, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.58), and four or more (aOR=0.38, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.59) children, and residing in a rural area (aOR=0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.69). Listening to the radio and watching TV were associated with increased maternal healthcare utilisation.ConclusionThe government should increase availability, affordability and accessibility to healthcare facilities by investing in health infrastructure and workforce to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 of reducing maternal morality to less than 70 deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030. It is important to ascertain empirically why PNC levels are astonishingly lower relative to ANC and SBA.
Identifying ways to improve diabetes management during cancer treatments (INDICATE): protocol for a qualitative interview study with patients and clinicians
Authors: Ashley Laura , Kassim Saifuddin , Kellar Ian , Kidd Lisa , Mair Frances , Matthews Mike , Price Mollie , Swinson Daniel , Taylor Johanna , Velikova Galina , Wadsley Jonathan 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionA large and growing number of patients with cancer have comorbid diabetes. Cancer and its treatment can adversely impact glycaemic management and control, and there is accumulating evidence that suboptimal glycaemic control during cancer treatment is a contributory driver of worse cancer-related outcomes in patients with comorbid diabetes. Little research has sought to understand, from the perspective of patients and clinicians, how and why different aspects of cancer care and diabetes care can complicate or facilitate each other, which is key to informing interventions to improve diabetes management during cancer treatments. This study aims to identify and elucidate barriers and enablers to effective diabetes management and control during cancer treatments, and potential intervention targets and strategies to address and harness these, respectively.Methods and analysisQualitative interviews will be conducted with people with diabetes and comorbid cancer (n=30–40) and a range of clinicians (n=30–40) involved in caring for this patient group (eg, oncologists, diabetologists, specialist nurses, general practitioners). Semistructured interviews will examine participants’ experiences of and perspectives on diabetes management and control during cancer treatments. Data will be analysed using framework analysis. Data collection and analysis will be informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, and related Theory and Techniques Tool and Behaviour Change Wheel, to facilitate examination of a comprehensive range of barriers and enablers and support identification of pertinent and feasible intervention approaches. Study dates: January 2021–January 2023.Ethics and disseminationThe study has approval from National Health Service (NHS) West Midlands—Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee. Findings will be presented to lay, clinical, academic and NHS and charity service–provider audiences via dissemination of written summaries and presentations, and published in peer-reviewed journals. Findings will be used to inform development and implementation of clinical, health services and patient-management intervention strategies to optimise diabetes management and control during cancer treatments.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in Nepal: findings from a nationwide population-based survey
Authors: Shrestha Namuna , Karki Khem , Poudyal Anil , Aryal Krishna Kumar , Mahato Namra Kumar , Gautam Nitisha , KC Dirghayu , Gyanwali Pradip , Dhimal Meghnath , Jha Anjani Kumar 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased globally, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, including Nepal. Population-based nationally representative data on the prevalence of DM is limited. This paper presents the prevalence of DM and its associated risk factors in Nepal.Research designs and methodsThis population-based study sampled 13 200 participants aged 20 years and above in 400 clusters of 72 districts of Nepal. The study used a standardised questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance instrument and digitalised in Android-compatible mobile phones. Fasting and 2 hours postprandial blood samples were taken to test various biochemical parameters. Descriptive followed by multivariate analyses were done to assess the association between explanatory variables and the outcome variable.Primary outcome measuresPrevalence of DM.ResultsThe prevalence of DM was found to be 8.5% (95% CI 7.8% to 9.3%). The odds of DM occurrence were higher in the upper age groups (40–59 years at adjusted OR (AOR) 3.1 (95% CI2.3 to 4.2) and 60+ years at AOR 4.7 (95% CI 3.3 to 6.6)), compared with the group aged 20–39 years. Men were found to have higher odds of DM (AOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) compared with women. Urban residents had almost twice higher odds of DM (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2) compared with rural residents. Participants with raised blood pressure (BP) (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.7), those who were overweight and obese (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.4) and those who had high triglycride level (≥150 mg/dL) (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.6) also had twice higher odds of DM compared with those with normal BP, an average body mass index and normal triglyceride level, respectively.ConclusionsTargeted interventions to higher risk groups as well as prevention and control of other associated biological risk factors might help to reduce the prevalence of DM in Nepal.
The East of England dental trauma service
Authors: Brown Danielle , Hussain Issar , Cochrane Veni , Barker Nick 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundCurrent evidence suggests traumatic dental injuries can be difficult to manage in primary care due to uncommon occurrence and challenging patient presentations. Such factors may contribute to general dental practitioners lacking experience and confidence in the assessment, treatment and management of traumatic dental injuries. Furthermore, there are anecdotal accounts of patients presenting to accident and emergency (A&E) services with a traumatic dental injury, which could be placing avoidable strain on secondary care services. For these reasons, a novel primary care-led dental trauma service has been established in the East of England.MethodsThis brief report shares our experiences of establishing this dental trauma service, titled ‘Think T’s’. It aims to provide effective trauma care across an entire region by a dedicated team of experienced clinicians from primary care settings to reduce inappropriate attendance to secondary care services and upskill colleagues in dental traumatology.Findings and conclusionsSince its inception, the dental trauma service has been public-facing and has managed referrals from a range of sources which include general medical practitioners, A&E clinicians and ambulance services. The service has been well received and has been seeking to integrate with the Directory of Services as well as NHS 111.
Lepton universality and lepton flavor conservation tests with dineutrino modes
Authors: Bause Rigo , Gisbert Hector , Golz Marcel , Hiller Gudrun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract$$SU(2)_L$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

-invariance links charged dilepton and dineutrino couplings. Phenomenological implications are worked out for flavor changing neutral currents involving strange, charm, beauty and top quark transitions in a model-independent way. We put forward novel tests of lepton universality and lepton flavor conservation in $$|\varDelta c|= |\varDelta u|=1$$

|
Δ
c
|
=
|
Δ
u
|
=
1

and $$|\varDelta b|= |\varDelta q|=1$$

|
Δ
b
|
=
|
Δ
q
|
=
1

, $$q=d,s$$

q
=
d
,
s

, transitions suitable for the experiments Belle II and BES III. Single top production plus dileptons uniquely probes semileptonic four-fermion $$|\varDelta t|= |\varDelta q'|=1$$

|
Δ
t
|
=
|
Δ

q
′

|
=
1

, $$q'=u,c$$

q
′

=
u
,
c

, couplings and further study at the LHC is encouraged. Tests with single top production associated with dileptons and missing energy are suitable for study at future $$e^+ e^-$$

e
+

e
-

or muon colliders.