bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isabelle Stengers: tieteenanalyysin ja -kritiikin moniulotteinen käytännöllisyys
Authors: Haila Yrjö 
Published: April 2022

Chuck Dyke1: ”Maailmassa on kahdenlaisia ihmisiä, ystävä hyvä: ne, jotka ajattelevat, että jos he eivät keksi yhtä kanonisoitua tapaa sanoa se, he eivät ymmärrä sitä; ja ne, jotka ajattelevat, että jos he eivät kykene sanomaan sitä usealla tusinalla eri tavalla, he eivät ymmärrä sitä. Edelliset ovat teologeja; ja jälkimmäiset ovat opettajia. Tajuatko?” (Lähde [soveltaen]: Sergio Leone et al. Hyvät, pahat ja rumat).
Isabelle Stengers (s. 1948) on laaja-alainen tieteen analyytikko, filosofi sekä ajankohtaisten kulttuuristen ja poliittisten teemojen arvioitsija, johon voi hyvin perustein soveltaa attribuuttia ”moderni klassikko”. Stengers on peruskoulutukseltaan luonnontieteilijä; hänen tausta-alansa on kemia. Hän ei sopeutunut laboratoriotutkijan uralle vaan kiinnostui jo varhain tieteen historiasta ja filosofiasta ja tuli kansainvälisesti tunnetuksi yhdessä kemian Nobelilla vuonna 1977 palkitun Ilya Prigoginen (1917–2003) kanssa kirjoittamastaan teoksesta Order Out Of Chaos. Man’s New Dialogue with Nature (Prigogine & Stengers 1984).
Minne menit, yhteiskuntateoria?
Authors: Virtanen Mikko J. 
Published: April 2022

Ovatko sosiologisen yhteiskuntateorian mahdollisuusehdot muuttuneet ja jos ovat niin miten, kysyy tutkija Mikko J. Virtanen puuheenvuorossaan. Virtasen kirjoitus aloittaa Tiede & edistyksen yhteiskuntateoreettisen keskustelun nykytilaa ja tulevaisuutta pohtivan puheenvuorosarjan.
Tarkastelen tässä kirjoituksessa suomalaisen yhteiskuntateoreettisen keskustelun hiipumista ja siihen vaikuttavia tekijöitä viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana. Näkökulmani on sosiologinen: lähestyn yhteiskuntateoriaa sen yhteiskunnallisten mahdollisuusehtojen kautta. Tarkastelutapani ja -kohteeni rakentuu puolestaan autoetnografisesti:­ havainnoin yhteiskuntateoreettisen kehittelyn ja keskustelun mahdollisuuksia suomalaisen sosiologian sisältä ja pohjaan tarkasteluni ensisijaisesti omiin, prekaarisosiologin kokemuksiini viimeisen 20 vuoden ajalta.
Prekaarit äidit palkkatyön reunoilla ja kotien kynnyksillä
Authors: Mäkinen Katariina 
Published: April 2022

Lilli Aini Rokkonen: Prekaari äitiys. Kertomuksia palkkatyön reunamilta. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 2020. 327 s.
Äitiyden maisemassa on aina ollut paljon epävarmuutta ja ennustamattomuutta, mutta nykyäitiyteen liittyy erityistä haurautta. Äitiyden kulttuuriset odotukset ovat yhä intensiivisempiä, ja samanaikaisesti yhteiskunnallisten instituutioiden haurastuminen ja hapertuminen nakertaa äitien elämän perustuksia. Tätä ilmiötä Lilli Aini Rokkosen väitöskirja Prekaari äitiys jäljittää, tekee näkyväksi ja teoretisoi. Väitös yhdistää äitiyden kulttuurisen teorian ja tutkimuksen uuden työn ja prekarisaation keskusteluihin. Näitä kahta tutkimuskenttää nivotaan yhteen äitiyden ja työn yhteiskuntapoliittisen tarkastelun kautta.
Mitä on tutkiva mielikuvitus?
Authors: Lohtaja Aleksi 
Published: April 2022

Sanna Ryynänen & Anni Rannikko: Tutkiva mielikuvitus — Luovat, osallistuvat ja toiminnalliset tutkimusmenetelmät yhteiskuntatieteissä. Gaudeamus, Helsinki 2021. 328 s.
Sosiologi C. Wright Mills esittää klassikkoteoksessaan Sosiologinen mielikuvitus (2015), että hyvä yhteiskuntatieteellinen tutkimus edellyttää mielikuvituksellista kykyä liikkua eri näkökulmien välillä ja tunnistaa olennaisia kysymyksiä myös teemoissa, joiden tutkimus voi vaikuttaa alkuun vähäpätöiseltä. Nykyisin yhteiskuntatieteissä tunnustetaan laaja-alaisesti tällaisen sosiologisen mielikuvituksen tarpeellisuus, mutta näkökulman menetelmällinen perustelu ja metodologisointi itsessään on edelleen hankalaa. Minkälaista metodologiaa sosiologinen tai yhteiskunta­tieteellinen mielikuvitus vaatii?
Prophylaxis and treatment of infection in long bones using an antibiotic-loaded ceramic coating with interlocking intramedullary nails
Authors: Downey Emilie-Ann , Jaime Kayla M. , Reif Taylor J. , Makhdom Asim M. , Rozbruch S. Robert , Fragomen Austin T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Background: The study was done (1) to report on our recent experience with antibiotic-loaded
calcium sulfate-coated interlocking intramedullary nails (CS-IMN) for
infection prevention or infection eradication and (2) to compare the efficacy of
CS-IMN versus antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate-coated IMN (PMMA-IMN)
for infection eradication.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive
patients who underwent a limb salvage procedure for infection cure or
infection prevention with PMMA-IMN or CS-IMN. We reviewed patient
demographics, host-type, pre-operative infecting organisms, intraoperative
cultures, as well as our main outcomes: infection control rate, achievement
of union/fusion, and limb salvage.
Results: 33 patients were treated with CS-IMN: 9 patients with goal of
infection cure and 24 patients for infection prophylaxis. When used for
infection prophylaxis, there was a 100 % (24/24 patients) prevention of
infection rate, 95.5 % union rate (21/22 patients), and 100 % (24/24 patients) limb salvage rate. Nine patients were treated with CS-IMN to
eradicate infection and were compared to a cohort of 28 patients who were
treated with PMMA-IMN. The infection was eradicated in 7/9 patients
(77.8 %) in the CS-IMN group versus 21/26 patients (80 %) in the
PMMA-IMN group (p=0.44). Bone union/fusion was achieved in 8/9 patients
(88.9 %) in the CS-IMN group versus 21/24 patients (87.5 %) in the
PMMA-IMN group (p=0.11). The limb salvage rate in the CS-IMN group was
100 % (9/9 patients) versus 89 % (25/28 patients) in the PMMA-IMN
group.
Conclusions: CS-IMN are safe and easy to use, and we have therefore expended
our indications for them. CS-IMN are very effective at infection prophylaxis
in high-risk cases where infection is suspected. Early analysis suggests
that CS-IMN are non-inferior to PMMA-IMN for infection eradication. This is
our preliminary data that show this novel technique to be safe in a small
cohort and may be as effective as the more established method. Future
studies with larger cohorts of patients will be required to confirm these
findings.
Antibiofilm impact of ziziphus spina christi on methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus warneri
Authors: Neamah Bent Alhuda Hussein , Alquraishy Manar Kareem , Almousawi Alia Hussien , Chessab Roaa Mohammed , Shaker Zahraa Basem , Abed Hujan Abdulraheem 
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to study the antibacterial activity and Antibiotic effect of hot aqueous extract of leaves of Ziziphus spina Christy (Sidr),against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus wernari. four isolates were initially diagnosed as Staphylococci bacteria, then one isolation was chosen depending on its sensitivity and resistance to several different types of antibiotics. The VITEK-2 compact system (ID and AST) and PCR were used to confirm the type of staphylococcal isolates . The results showed that one isolate was due to Staphylococcus wernari. the ability of isolate to form biofilm was tested using the Microtiter plate method (96 wells). The results indicated that the extracted isolate was able to produce a biofilm. Where there was a clear effect of moxifloxacin and penicillin G with (MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, A significant (P < 0.001).Synergistic effect between Penicillin G, Moxifloxacin with (MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) were tested with hot aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina christi (Sidr) leaves with 50 mg/mL. The results showed a high synergy between two types of antibiotics and plant extracts.
The Biocidal Products Directive
Authors: Van Maldegem Koen 
Published: April 2022

A more detailed review of the provisions of the Biocidal Products Directive than that appearing at [1998] EELR 204. The position in the Member States. The background to the Directive. Scope; definitions. Procedures for EU authorizations of active substances and for Member State authorizations of products containing active substances; data to be included in application dossiers - basic and specific data. Procedure for the inclusion of an active substance in Annex I, I A or IB: who may apply; the dossier on the active substance and on at least one product containing the active substance; evaluation by the reviewing Member State - completeness check, evaluation, report; Commission proposal and decision on the application; duration and renewal of listing; terms of listing; consequences of refusal of an application. Comparative assessment of active substances leading to refusal of listing or de-listing of an active substance where an alternative substance, posing less risk, is already listed - a shift from risk assessment to risk management; proposed technical guidance on comparative assessment. Product authorization by Member States. Mutual recognition of product authorizations; procedure; refusal to grant mutual recognition; recognition subject to restrictions; modifications to original authorization. Technical aspects: principles for the evaluation of active substances and products; extensive data requirements; risk assessment based on the identification of hazards, assessment of exposure and likelihood that hazards will arise. Classification, packaging, labelling and safety data sheets in respect of biocidal products and active substances. The expense of meeting the data requirements for listing; confidentiality to be observed by the competent authorities if so requested by the applicant; justification for such a request; data protection and its consequences; differences between confidentiality and data protection; periods of data protection; access to the data of other applicants by agreement. "Task forces" and cooperation in the use and development of data - advantages and disadvantages. Ten-year transitional period and review of existing active substances; Enforcement by the Member States; their discretion; interpretation of the Directive, which is based on Article 100(a), EC Treaty (the internal market).
Shipments of Waste: Challenges to Transnational Cooperation
Authors: Veldkamp A M E 
Published: April 2022

As a result of the differing costs of waste processing within the Community, the shipment of waste offers waste brokers, collectors and processors opportunities to profit. Cheap processing is not, however, always environmentally sound. Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 on the supervision and control of shipments of waste should guarantee that waste will be transported and processed without negative consequences for the environment. Nevertheless, in many countries persons and undertakings evade the Regulation and other Community legislation on the processing of waste. Transnational co-operation in both implementation and enforcement seems to be a conditio sine qua non for the effective operation of the Regulation. This article shows the cooperation which the Regulation requires, and the legal framework for this cooperation, which is not wholly adequate, it offers the Member States. The Netherlands and Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen and Hessen) have more or less changed their national implementation and enforcement structures and policies in the way the Regulation demands. Yet the transnational cooperation contemplated in the Regulation is unlikely to be achieved unless far-reaching harmonisation of environmental standards for waste-processing and legal instruments for cooperation in enforcement are created at Community level.
The New Regulations on Waste Shipments: Green List Controls
Authors: Crowhurst Georgina , Crowhurst Georgina 
Published: April 2022

On 12 July 2007, European Parliament and Council Regulation 1013/2006 on Shipments of Waste (“the Regulation”) came into force. This establishes new rules applicable to transboundary shipments of waste, both within the EU and with non- EU countries.
This article explains and analyses the rules on the international shipment of waste in view of this new Regulation and also considers how the position is enhanced in the UK by the UK statutory instrument the Transfrontier Shipment of Waste Regulations 2007.
In order to ascertain which controls apply to shipments of international waste, legal practitioners need to consider the details of:
. whether the waste is to be recovered or disposed;
. the type of waste being exported;
. and the status of the consignee’s country.
This article focuses on the export of international waste shipments from the UK and the “Green List Controls” applying to shipments of non-hazardous waste for recovery. The purpose of the article is to provide analysis on whether the new rules place the responsibility on the carrier to ensure that the documentation is correct or whether it is the responsibility of the shipper.
Declassification of Protected Areas under the Habitats and the Wild Birds Directive
Authors: Thomas Henning 
Published: April 2022

Under the regime of the Wild Birds Directive (WBD) as well as the Habitats Directive (HD), special areas for protection shall be designated. But what happens if the natural functions in these areas decrease to such an extent that they are not anymore of the ecological value they have been protected for?
Art. 9 s.2 of the HD allows declassifying protected areas “where this is warranted by natural developments”. The definition of “natural developments” can be found by contrasting the clause to Art. 6(4) HD. All changes in the quality of the area should be included which are due to ecological effects and whose causes cannot be hindered by the competent Member State alone.
The indispensable protection against declassifying areas which still require protection results out of the additional condition “where this is warranted”. Due to the protection and restoration obligations for Member States under the Directive, a declassification can only be the very last step after intensive attempts to protect or even recreate the area.
Under the WBD, no explicit provision for declassifications exists. With allowing them as an actus contrarius to Art. 4(1) WBD, a similar system for declassifications like under the HD is established.
United States Court Upholds Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency
Authors: de Saillan Charles 
Published: April 2022

Last year, the US Court of Appeals (D.C. Circuit) upheld a series of findings, interpretations, and regulations that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had issued as its first steps to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act. First, EPA had made a finding that emissions of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles cause or contribute to an endangerment to the public health or welfare. Second, to address this endangerment, EPA together with the Department of Transportation, promulgated greenhouse gas emission and fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks for model years 2012 through 2016. EPA estimates that these standards will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 960 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent over the life of these model years. Third, EPA formally reaffirmed its interpretation that the motor vehicle emission standards - by regulating greenhouse gases under the Act - would trigger permitting requirements for greenhouse gas emissions from stationary facilities. These permitting requirements include the installation of best available control technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from new or modified facilities. Fourth, EPA issued regulations phasing in these permitting requirements over several years. Rejecting a multitude of challenges, the court upheld all these actions, thus paving the way for EPA to significantly regulate and limit greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles and stationary facilities. On 26 June 2012, the prominent US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit handed the Barak Obama Administration a decisive, quadruple victory in its efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions through regulations. The court upheld the finding of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that greenhouse gas emissions are reasonably anticipated to endanger public health and welfare. The court also upheld EPA regulations and interpretations that will require reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles and large stationary sources. The court reaffirmed its decision, denying a petition for rehearing, on 20 December 2012. The decision paves the way for significant mandatory reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in the US.
Operators' General Obligations as an Instrument for Implementation of EU and National Environmental Policy
Authors: Vahtrus Siim , Veinla Hannes 
Published: April 2022

Codification of environmental law has been underway in Estonia from 2007. As the first result of this process, the General Part of the Environmental Code Act (GPECA) was adopted in February 2011. Among other provisions, the framework act establishes operators' general obligations. These obligations, applicable to all operators, are focused on prevention of environmental hazards and implementation of precautionary measures in order to minimize environmental risks to the reasonable extent. Being generally applicable and abstract in their nature, they constitute a ``safety net'' supporting the often overly casuistic and fragmented legal structure in the present environmental law (e.g. air quality law, nature protection law), national as well as EU. This article aims to draw attention to the concept of operators' general obligations and to highlight their possible role as tools for implementation of environmental policy goals both on EU and national level.
The Ukrainian Public Administration of Territorial Seas: A European Example
Authors: Kormych Borys , Averochkina Tetiana , Gaverskyi Vitalii 
Published: April 2022

The article evaluates the modern doctrine of territorial sea administration. The article views the administration of coastal state as an application and enforcement of UNCLOS based regimes of maritime zones. The article examines the legal regulation of the territorial sea. It also studies the process of overlapping and interaction between different administrative and legal regulations applicable to a given maritime zone. The features of such regulation are pointed out based upon the combination and mutual influence of international, EU and national law. Ukraine’s experience in administering the territorial sea after the illegal annexation of Crimea is studied. The pros and cons of EU concept of Maritime spatial planning with respect to the demands of protection and security are revealed in the context of hybrid conflicts.
public administration, territorial sea, maritime zone, coastal state jurisdiction, marine environment, Ukraine
Power Purchase Agreements: An Emerging Tool at the Centre of the European Energy transition A Focus on France
Authors: Harada Louis-Narito , Coussi Marie 
Published: April 2022

Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) enjoy great success in Europe. This is especially true of Green Corporate PPAs (GC PPAs), also known as Corporate Renewable PPAs, which are agreements under which a corporate customer agrees to purchase renewable electricity directly from the electricity producer, pursuant to the definition set forth in the 2018 Renewable Energy Directive (‘RED II’) (Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 Dec. 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (recast).). Nearly 14GW in PPAs were entered into in 2018 worldwide, of which 1.9GW in Europe (2017: 1GW) and approx. 8GW in the United States (2017: 2.4GW) (Europe Corporate Renewable, PPA Market Report 2018 – 2027.). Wind energy accounts for 85% of GC PPAs entered into in Europe to date, with solar energy accounting for the remaining 15%. This progress can be explained partly by an increase in energy demand worldwide, the companies’ willingness to reduce their carbon footprint and control energy costs, the need for clear and foreseeable price signals for investors and producers, but also the development of public support schemes for renewable energies (‘RE’).
Power Purchase Agreement, Renewable Energy, Electricity, French Law, Energy transition, Corporate Social Responsibility
Implementing Sustainable Development Into One Integrated Domestic Environmental Legislative Act. A Law Comparison Between Two Frontrunners: New Zealand and The Netherlands
Authors: Kistenkas Frederik H. , Smits Marie-José , Kamphorst Dana 
Published: April 2022

Whereas in most countries environmental law is commonly highly fragmented into an enormous amount of sectoral legislative acts, New Zealand and The Netherlands uniquely intend to have just one domestic environmental legislative act putting all fragmented sectoral laws and decrees in only one act of parliament. Both are supposed to achieve sustainable development by a novel integrated approach. However, there are differences as the New Zealand model puts all environmental norms in a subordinate position under one supreme principle of sustainable development, which is obviously not the case in the Dutch act.
This article discusses both legislative acts and analyses which system would better serve sustainable multi-functional land use.
environmental law, circular economy, multi-functional land use, sustainable development
Concept of Essential Uses: An Exploration
Authors: Carr Kaljo Cassandra 
Published: April 2022

European chemicals legislation – while among the most advanced in the world – still needs tools for bringing greater consistency to the substance evaluation processes. This article explores the elements of the ‘essential use’ concept – as proposed by the Montreal Protocol – in the European framework. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provides context to understanding ‘health’, ‘safety’, and ‘functioning of society’ in order to then view how these elements are reflected within Union legislation and case law. In the balancing of EU priorities, examples exist where importance is given through exemptions and derogations to sectors within the categories of health, safety, and societal advancement. This demonstrates the possibility of the concept to help define essentiality and to determine specific uses that may be deemed essential.
Essential Use, Chemicals, Chemicals Legislation, European Law, Environmental Law, Montreal Protocol
Energy Corporations and Their Information Duties Towards State Authorities
Authors: Charalampidou Natalia 
Published: April 2022

This article identifies the statutory obligations, according to which energy corporations must disclose any information that national authorities and the European Commission deem relevant to their duties under European Law. It then specifies the protection of commercially sensitive information under European Energy Law and Law on Trade Secrets along with the mechanisms that transform this protection from paper into reality. It establishes that the Law on Trade Secrets can be used to draw the line at the authorities’ powers. This is significant, as the information that can be requested by the authorities can, and usually does, contain invaluable information, to the dismay of energy corporations
electricity, natural gas, hydrocarbons, data, information, commercially sensitive information, trade secrets