bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine release syndrome and successful response to pembrolizumab therapy in a patient with EGFR‐mutated non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Zhang Meng , Cheng Yuan , Hu Yan , Nie Ligong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA therapeutic option for advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance is a clinical challenge. The clinical outcomes of pembrolizumab in those patients is inconclusive. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a rarely reported immune‐related adverse event in the field of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy, raising challenges given the paucity of data with such presentations. We present the unique case of a 67‐year‐old female with advanced EGFR‐mutated NSCLC who successfully responded to pembrolizumab after EGFR‐TKI resistance. However, the patient developed CRS after pembrolizumab initiation and presented with fever, rash, hypotension, hypoxemia, tachycardia, and multiple organ dysfunction. Blood tests showed elevated levels of peripheral CD8+ T cells, C‐reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor‐α. The symptoms rapidly improved after corticosteroid initiation. Based on the present case, we propose that pembrolizumab might be a potential salvage therapy for patients with advanced EGFR‐mutated NSCLC after EGFR‐TKI resistance; CRS would be a sign of the antitumor effect of PD‐1 inhibitors in those patients. However, CRS can be a fatal adverse effect and clinicians must remain vigilant for the rare toxicities to make prompt diagnosis and treatment.
The United States: Political Developments and Data in 2021
Authors: KATZ RICHARD S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolitics in the United States in 2021 was dominated by four major events and two non‐events, setting the stage for what was likely to be an acrimonious 2022. The major events were the storming of the Capitol and the inauguration of a new President, both in January, the US withdrawal from Afghanistan in August, and ongoing conflicts surrounding Covid‐19. The non‐events were the (non‐)passage of Joe Biden's Build Back Better plan and national voting rights legislation. The continuing drama concerned investigations arising from the Capitol riot, Supreme Court reconsideration of established law about libel and abortion, and challenges to redistricting based on the 2020 census as well as other electoral legislation, all in the run‐up to the 2022 election.
Insults according to notions of intelligence: Perspectives from education and newsmedia
Authors: Rix Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe terms idiot, imbecile, and moron are generally associated with notions of intelligence, having served both scientific and mundane roles across cultural‐historical contexts and in many different countries. This study seeks to explore the degree to which the use of these terms is an everyday part of our lives and to map out the meanings being attached to them.MethodsThis study reports on their current usage in two arenas: within 29 academic papers published from 2016 to 2021, reporting on interviews or observations undertaken in educational contexts; and within 134 articles from four English language newspapers published in the first three months of 2021. Using a discursive and thematic approach to the analysis, it considers the degree to which these may be considered slur or taboo words, and whether they can be linked to discriminatory practices frequently experienced by groups with whom they are associated.FindingsIt is evident is that people use the terms differently in different arenas. However, they see them as negative, associate them with stereotypical characteristics, are happy to apply them to others, but want to avoid having them applied to themselves.ConclusionThis study shows how widely these words are used across social contexts, and suggests that as with other historical terms for marginalized populations we need to regard them as slurs and treat them as taboo.
LAPTM4B‐35 promotes cancer cell migration via stimulating integrin beta1 recycling and focal adhesion dynamics
Authors: Liu Minxia , Yan Ruyu , Wang Junjie , Yao Zhihong , Fan Xinyu , Zhou Kecheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetastasis is the main cause of cancer patients' death despite tremendous efforts invested in developing the related molecular mechanisms. During cancer cell migration, cells undergo dynamic regulation of filopodia, focal adhesion, and endosome trafficking. Cdc42 is imperative for maintaining cell morphology and filopodia, regulating cell movement. Integrin beta1 activates on the endosome, the majority of which distributes itself on the plasma membrane, indicating that endocytic trafficking is essential for this activity. In cancers, high expression of lysosome‐associated protein transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B) is associated with poor prognosis. LAPTM4B‐35 has been reported as displaying plasma membrane distribution and being associated with cancer cell migration. However, the detailed mechanism of its isoform‐specific distribution and whether it relates to cell migration remain unknown. Here, we first report and quantify the filopodia localization of LAPTM4B‐35: mechanically, that specific interaction with Cdc42 promoted its localization to the filopodia. Furthermore, our data show that LAPTM4B‐35 stabilized filopodia and regulated integrin beta1 recycling via interaction and cotrafficking on the endosome. In our zebrafish xenograft model, LAPTM4B‐35 stimulated the formation and dynamics of focal adhesion, further promoting cancer cell dissemination, whereas in skin cancer patients, LAPTM4B level correlated with poor prognosis. In short, this study establishes an insight into the mechanism of LAPTM4B‐35 filopodia distribution, as well as into its biological effects and its clinical significance, providing a novel target for cancer therapeutics development.
Early childhood development and its association with maternal parity
Authors: Islam M Mofizul , Khan Md Nuruzzaman 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundMaternal parity, which is usually measured as the number of children born to a mother, has a substantial impact on the social and environmental factors around children and their development. This paper estimates the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) of 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children in Bangladesh and examines the relationship between maternal parity and early childhood development.MethodsThe study analysed nationally representative data from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. The dataset had 9453 children aged from 36 to 59 months. The ECDI was computed following the UNICEF's approach involving psychometric computation of four domains of development: physical, literacy‐numeracy, learning and social–emotional. Since the dataset has a hierarchical structure, we used multilevel logistic regression.ResultsA quarter (25%) of the children were not on track in their early childhood development. Seventy‐one percent were not developmentally on track in the literacy‐numeracy domain, 27% were not in the social–emotional and smaller percentages were not in learning (9%) and physical (1%) domains. There was a significant negative association between maternal parity and ECDI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91–0.99). Attendance at early childhood education programmes was significantly associated with early childhood development (AOR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.47–2.03). Also, female children, those who were not stunted, located in rural areas, received parental stimulation activities, lived in relatively wealthy households or had mothers who had received secondary or further education were more likely than others to be on track of early childhood development.ConclusionsEarly childhood development is negatively correlated with maternal parity. The literacy‐numeracy domain constitutes the major developmental delay. Programmes for parental awareness should be widely expanded.
Habitat‐based biodiversity assessment for ecosystem accounting in the Murray–Darling Basin
Authors: Mokany Karel , Ware Chris , Harwood Thomas D. , Schmidt Rebecca K. , Ferrier Simon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how biodiversity is changing over space and time is crucial for well‐informed decisions that help retain Earth's biological heritage over the long term. Tracking changes in biodiversity through ecosystem accounting provides this important information in a systematic way and readily enables linking to other relevant environmental and economic data to provide an integrated perspective. We derived biodiversity accounts for the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia's largest catchment. We assessed biodiversity change from 2010 to 2015 for all vascular plants, all waterbirds, and 10 focal species. We applied a scalable habitat‐based assessment approach that combined expected patterns in the distribution of biodiversity from spatial biodiversity models with a time series of spatially complete data on habitat condition derived from remote sensing. Changes in biodiversity from 2010 to 2015 varied across regions and biodiversity features. For the entire Murray–Darling Basin, the expected persistence of vascular plants increased slightly from 2010 to 2015 (from 86.8% to 87.1%), mean species richness of waterbirds decreased slightly (from 12.5 to 12.3 species), whereas for the focal species the estimated area of habitat increased for 8 species and decreased for 1 species. Regions in the north of the Murray–Darling Basin generally had decreases in biodiversity from 2010 to 2015, whereas in the south biodiversity was stable or increased. Our results demonstrate the benefits of habitat‐based biodiversity assessments in providing fully scalable biodiversity accounts across different biodiversity features, consistent with the United Nations System of Environmental Economic Accounting – Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) framework.
Genetic analyses are more sensitive than morphological inspection at detecting the presence of threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) remains in canid scat and raven pellets
Authors: Parker Lillian D. , Quinta Jessica D. , Rivera Isabel , Cypher Brian L. , Kelly Erica C. , Campana Michael G. , Fleischer Robert C. , Boarman Ryan , Boarman William I. , Maldonado Jesús E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubsidization of predator populations increases predation pressure on prey species, which is exacerbated when natural resources are scarce. Estimating the frequency of predation by subsidized predators on vulnerable species, especially low‐density, long‐lived species such as the federally threatened Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), allows landscape managers to evaluate the need for actions like reducing subsidies, discouraging predation by taste aversion, or predator removal. Most studies of Mojave desert tortoise predation have relied on morphological analysis to identify hard parts in predator scat. Here, we developed and validated a qPCR assay to test for the presence of Mojave desert tortoise in DNA extracted from scat and pellets. We used the assay to detect tortoise DNA in scat and pellets collected in a conservation easement adjacent to Boulder City, Nevada, from three Mojave desert tortoise predators: coyotes (Canis latrans), desert kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis arsipus), and common ravens (Corvus corax)—all of which consume anthropogenic resources. We compared the results of our qPCR assay to results from morphological analysis of the same samples and found that the qPCR method is much more sensitive at detecting the presence of tortoise remains. Although neither method can determine whether consumption was the result of predation or scavenging, nor how many individual tortoises were consumed, our findings indicate that conservation managers may benefit from focusing efforts on reducing subsidies that attract and support predators and on reducing tortoise mortality from predation.
Acute kidney injury after hip fracture in organ transplant recipients
Authors: Moon Jun‐Ki , Kim Hyosang , Chang Jae Suk , Moon Sung Ho , Kim Ji Wan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) after hip fracture in organ transplant recipients.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective cohort study, 795 elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery were enrolled. AKI was defined according to Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. Among the 795 patients, 23 underwent kidney transplantation (KT) and 20 underwent liver transplantation (LT). The incidence of AKI, dialysis requirement, and renal recovery rate were investigated.ResultsAKI occurred in 83 patients (10.5%), of whom 9 (39.1%), 3 (15%), and 71 (9.5%) were in the KT, LT, and nontransplantation groups, respectively. The incidence rates of AKI and severe AKI (17.4% vs. 1.4%) were significantly higher in the KT group than in the nontransplantation group (P = .001 for both). The renal recovery rate was significantly lower in the KT group than in the nontransplantation group (P = .033). The multivariate analysis revealed that male; body mass index; CKD; alkaline phosphatase; intraoperative hypotension; and history of KT were independent predictors of AKI development.ConclusionsAKI and severe AKI after hip fracture occurred more frequently in the KT recipients with lower renal recovery rates. Transplanted kidneys are more vulnerable to AKI after hip fracture.
Epidemiology of skin diseases in Germany: systematic review of the current state of research – part 3: infectious skin diseases
Authors: Hansen Inga , Augustin Matthias , Schäfer Ines , Mohr Nicole 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe aim of this work was to systematically collect all previously published population‐based epidemiological data on skin diseases in Germany. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE for the period of the last 15 years. With the aim to include all dermatological diseases, a diagnostic list based on the ICD‐11 catalogue was compiled. This list included 1,347 skin diseases and formed the basis for the search. The present part 3 of the publication series deals with infectious skin diseases. The results on cutaneous tumor diseases (part 1) and non‐infectious skin diseases (part 2) form the other parts of this publication series.The literature search yielded 4,605 hits, of which 72 papers on 43 different skin diseases were included in the synthesis. Among them were twelve hits on infectious dermatoses, of which six papers were related to measles. The highest lifetime prevalence rates were found for varicella and verrucae vulgaris.This work is the first systematic literature review that aimed to report all available epidemiological data on skin diseases in Germany. It was found that representative data on many infectious diseases are not yet available. Among the included studies, a high heterogeneity was found with regard to the methodology. Nevertheless, these epidemiological data have a wide range of uses and can serve as a reference for various epidemiological questions.
Early‐life respiratory trajectories and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born very and extremely preterm: A retrospective study
Authors: Yu Wen‐Hao , Chu Chi‐Hsiang , Lin Yung‐Chieh , Chen Ray‐Bing , Iwata Osuke , Huang Chao‐Ching 
Published: April 2022

AimTo determine whether early‐life respiratory trajectories are associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in infants born very and extremely preterm.MethodThe daily type of respiratory supports in the first 8 weeks after birth were analysed in 546 infants (285 males, 261 females; median gestational age = 28.0 weeks, interquartile range = 3 weeks), comprising 301 infants born very preterm (gestation = 28–30 weeks) and 245 infants born extremely preterm (gestation <28 weeks), who survived to discharge from 2004 to 2018 and received follow‐up assessment by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at a corrected age of 24 months. NDI included cognition or motor impairment, moderate and severe cerebral palsy, or visual and hearing impairment.ResultsClustering analysis identified three respiratory patterns with increasing severity: improving; slowly improving; and delayed improvement. These were significantly associated with increasing rates of NDI in infants born very and extremely preterm and smaller head circumference in infants born extremely preterm (both p < 0.001). By day 28, the proportion of infants who were under different categories of ventilation support significantly differed according to the three trajectory groups in infants born very and extremely preterm (both p < 0.05). Models that included adverse respiratory trajectories demonstrated more negative impacts on neurodevelopment than those without.InterpretationAn adverse early‐life respiratory trajectory was associated with NDI at follow‐up, especially in infants born extremely preterm, suggesting a lung–brain axis of preterm birth.What this paper adds

Clustering analysis identified three respiratory trajectories with increasing severity in infants born preterm.
Increasing severity of respiratory trajectories was associated with increasing rates of neurodevelopmental impairment.
Adverse respiratory trajectories had a significantly negative impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes.
A Philosophy of Experience for the Unfamiliar Encounter
Authors: Buethe John 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe turn to experience when confronted by a problem, or so John Dewey's oeuvre suggests. Yet, what use is experience when the problem falls outside the boundaries of the known? Drawing upon a range of thinkers — from Alain Badiou to Elaine Scarry to Maggie Nelson — John Buethe takes Dewey's familiar thesis one step further to interrogate experience as preparation for radically unfamiliar circumstances, namely circumstances for which there is no experiential referent. He concludes that not only is an experiential education superior in its ability to bridge learners into the world as it is, it also possibly orients the subject to the good during times of uncertainty. Considering present volatilities within the state and society, the environment, and public health, educators may benefit by viewing experience under this light.
Thyroidectomy facilitated with Harmonic Caliper and intraoperative neural monitoring in three horses
Authors: Al Naem Mohamad , Litzke Lutz‐F. , Mourad Ahmed Atef Gomma 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundThyroidectomy in horses is performed conventionally; however, both iatrogenic and post‐operative complications occur, mostly due to injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN).ObjectiveTo facilitate sufficient understanding of the use of the Harmonic Focus® Shear (HFS) together with intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of the RLN during thyroidectomy in horses.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsThree horses were presented with a thyroid mass, and a hemithyroidectomy was performed using the HFS together with IONM. Medical records were reviewed. Findings at short‐term follow‐up at 6 weeks after surgery and long‐term follow‐up obtained from the referring veterinarian or owner 3 years after surgery were evaluated.ResultsThe horses were 9–17 years old. Thyroid enlargement was unilateral in all horses, with two on the left side and one on the right side. Histological findings were consistent with adenocarcinoma, C‐cell adenocarcinoma and adenoma in each horse. Neither intraoperative‐ nor post‐operative complications were encountered. Short‐ and long‐term follow‐up showed that all horses returned to previous activity.Main limitationsThe limitation of this study is the small sample size, reflecting the low prevalence of this disease and the rarity of this procedure in horses.ConclusionsThe use of the HFS and IONM enabled an easy, precise dissection, adequate haemostasis and direct visualisation of the RLN during thyroidectomy, avoiding its damage and allowing evaluation of its function intraoperatively.
Sustainable development outcomes of livelihood diversification in small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Roscher Matthew B. , Allison Edward H. , Mills David J. , Eriksson Hampus , Hellebrandt Denis , Andrew Neil L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLivelihood diversification is increasingly central to policy advice and investments in rural development and fisheries management. For small‐scale fishing communities in low‐ to middle‐income countries, more diverse livelihoods are generally hypothesized to reduce fishing pressure and vulnerabilities to external shocks and adverse trends while enabling people to construct routes out of poverty. Yet, evidence of impacts from livelihood diversification in small‐scale fisheries remains sparse. Our examination of the peer‐reviewed literature found substantial differences in how livelihood diversification is pursued, and in the realized outcomes from the process of diversification. Studies describing diversified livelihoods were almost as likely to report that livelihoods were not improved or that outcomes were mixed (54% combined) as they were to report improved livelihood outcomes (45%). Furthermore, one of the main theoretical drivers behind the support for diversified livelihoods—ecological conservation benefits—was unexplored in over 70% of studies. Of the minority of studies that did explore ecological outcomes, most reported that ecological conditions had not improved. These findings indicate conceptual ambiguity around livelihood diversification and a lack of empirical evidence supporting its theoretical underpinnings. There remain important questions about the impacts of diversification on multidimensional poverty and ecological conservation. Future research on and investment in diversification should be both more deliberate of what diversification means and more rigorous in the evaluation of its impacts.
Artificial intelligence‐assisted fatigue fracture recognition based on morphing and fully convolutional networks
Authors: Lyu Yetao , Yang Zi , Liang Hao , Zhang Beini , Ge Ming , Liu Rui , Zhang Zhefeng , Yang Haokun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFatigue fracture is one of the most common metallic component failure cases in manufacturing industries. The observation on fractography can provide direct evidence for failure analysis. In this study, an image semantic segmentation method based on fully convolutional networks (FCNs) was proposed to figure out the boundary between fatigue crack propagation and fast fracture regions from optical microscope (OM) fractography images. Furthermore, a novel morphing‐based data augmentation method was adopted to enable few‐shot learning of sample images. The proposed framework can successfully segment two categories, namely, the crack propagation and fast fracture regions, thus differentiating the boundary of two regions in one image. This artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted fatigue analysis architecture can complete the failure analysis procedure in 0.5 s and prove the feasibility of fatigue failure analysis. The segmentation accuracy of self‐developed network achieves 95.4% for the fatigue crack propagation region, as well as 97.2% for the fast fracture region. Not only for semantic segmentation DNN, we also prove that our novel data augmentation method can applied at the instance segmentation DNN, such as mask regional convolutional neural network (mask R‐CNN), one state‐of‐the‐art deep learning network for instance segmentation, to achieve similar accuracy.