bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drying date plum (Diospyros lotus L.) fruit: Assessing rehydration properties, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds
Authors: Hassan Awadalgeed M. A. , Zannou Oscar , Pashazadeh Hojjat , Ali Redha Ali , Koca Ilkay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDate plum (Diospyrus lotus L.) is an edible fruit from the Ebenaceae family, rich in nutrients, and having tremendous medicinal properties. This paper attempted to show the influence of different parameters of convective drying such as temperature (50, 60, 70, and 80°C) and air velocity (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m/s) on the shrinkage and microstructure, rehydration properties, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds of date plum. The drying caused significant changes in the color, actual size, and distribution of the fruit cells of date plum. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of fresh date plum were 0.81 ± 0.00 mg GAE/g, 0.23 ± 0.10 mg ECE/g, 7.15 ± 1.09 mmol ISE/g, and 14.92 ± 0.88 mmol/TE, respectively. The drying at 70°C had the highest values of TPC, TFC, gallic acid, chlorogenic and syringic acids, catechin, quercetin‐3‐glucoside, resveratrol, and DPPH. The drying air velocities showed no significant effects on the antioxidant contents and the antioxidant activity. Of the models applied to the drying kinetics, the Midilli model was found as the best model to describe the drying kinetics of date plum. In addition, the Weibull model was found as the most successful among the models applied to the rehydration kinetics of date plum. According to the achieved findings, the convective drying temperature of 70°C is the optimum temperature to produce the dehydrated date plum.Practical ApplicationThis work has revealed the drying conditions responsible for preserving the phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant features of D. lotus L. The study found the optimum drying conditions, and Midilli and Weibull models were the most fitted models to describe the drying and rehydration behaviors of D. lotus L. fruits, respectively. The drying provides a reasonable value of the possibility of continuous consumption of the fruits dried afforded on off‐seasons. The dried fruits are widely used for multipurpose and have been extensively used in food industries due to their rich nutraceutical and antioxidant compounds.
Shallow shotgun sequencing of the microbiome recapitulates 16S amplicon results and provides functional insights
Authors: Stothart Mason R. , McLoughlin Philip D. , Poissant Jocelyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevailing 16S rRNA gene‐amplicon methods for characterizing the bacterial microbiome of wildlife are economical, but result in coarse taxonomic classifications, are subject to primer and 16S copy number biases, and do not allow for direct estimation of microbiome functional potential. While deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing can overcome many of these limitations, it is prohibitively expensive for large sample sets. Here we evaluated the ability of shallow shotgun metagenomic sequencing to characterize taxonomic and functional patterns in the faecal microbiome of a model population of feral horses (Sable Island, Canada). Since 2007, this unmanaged population has been the subject of an individual‐based, long‐term ecological study. Using deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing, we determined the sequencing depth required to accurately characterize the horse microbiome. In comparing conventional vs. high‐throughput shotgun metagenomic library preparation techniques, we validate the use of more cost‐effective laboratory methods. Finally, we characterize similarities between 16S amplicon and shallow shotgun characterization of the microbiome, and demonstrate that the latter recapitulates biological patterns first described in a published amplicon data set. Unlike for amplicon data, we further demonstrate how shallow shotgun metagenomic data provide useful insights regarding microbiome functional potential which support previously hypothesized diet effects in this study system.
The utility of bispectral index monitoring in flexible bronchoscopy: A single‐center, retrospective observational study
Authors: Yamada Jun , Hazama Daisuke , Tachihara Motoko , Kawanami Yuki , Kawaguchi Aki , Yatani Atsuhiko , Sato Hiroki , Mimura Chihiro , Katsurada Naoko , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Nishimura Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe desired depth of sedation during flexible bronchoscopy is one in which verbal contact is possible whenever necessary. Although it is common that the depth of sedation is assessed by validated instruments such as the modified observer's assessment of alertness and sedation (MOAA/S) score, the repeated stimulation associated with the assessment can affect the sedation. The bispectral index (BIS) has been widely used for general anesthesia due to its objective and noninvasive nature. However, the utility of BIS monitoring and a target BIS value for use during bronchoscopy have not been fully elucidated.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study to assess the utility of the BIS value for monitoring conscious sedation during bronchoscopy at Kobe University Hospital from August 2020 to April 2021.ResultsEighteen patients underwent bronchoscopy with BIS monitoring. The BIS value significantly correlated with the MOAA/S score (r = 0.2, p < 0.01), and the correlation was stronger in sufficiently sedated patients (r = 0.486, p < 0.01). The lowest MOAA/S score during the procedure was highly correlated with the BIS value (r = 0.625, p < 0.01). The BIS monitoring seemed to be more sensitive to changes in the sedation level than the MOAA/S score, heart rate and mean arterial pressure. The median BIS value at an MOAA/S score of 3–4, the desired depth of sedation, was 82.0.ConclusionsBIS value is useful for monitoring sedation during bronchoscopy. This study suggests that a BIS value of 82 reflects an adequate level of sedation.
How can universities promote academic freedom? Insights from the front line of the gender wars
Authors: Suissa Judith , Sullivan Alice 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe UK Government's Higher Education (Freedom of Speech) Bill is currently progressing through Parliament. The bill is designed to strengthen free speech and academic freedom in higher education, in response to what former Education Secretary Gavin Williamson describes as ‘the rise of intolerance and cancel culture upon our campuses’. But is there really a crisis of academic freedom in British universities?To see that there is, say Judith Suissa and Alice Sullivan, we need only look at the contemporary reality of suppression of debate on sex and gender. The evidence they catalogue of suppression of research, of blacklisting, harassment and smear campaigns, of no‐platforming, disinvitations and shutting down of events, is incontrovertible. The recent experience of scholars and students wishing to discuss the material reality and political salience of sex makes complacency about academic freedom a luxury we cannot afford.Suissa and Sullivan set out a powerful argument for the role of academic freedom in pursuing truth within the academy and developing democracy beyond it. They effectively counter attempts to narrow the scope of academic freedom so as to render it compatible with no‐platforming. And they lay out a series of practical steps administrators can take to ensure that universities are places where an expansive and pluralistic intellectual climate prevails.This is a timely and compelling intervention in a vexed but urgent public debate. For their clear‐sighted diagnosis of where and how academic freedom has been eroded in our universities, and for their judicious account of what must be done to rebuild it, Suissa and Sullivan deserve a wide and attentive hearing.
The immunological role of B7‐H4 in pregnant women with Sars‐Cov2 infection
Authors: Duan Liyan , Reisch Beatrix , Mach Pawel , Kimmig Rainer , Gellhaus Alexandra , Iannaccone Antonella 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProblemT‐cells are key players in fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The checkpoint molecule B7‐H4, a member of the B7 family, can inhibit T‐cell activation and proliferation by inhibiting NF‐kb expression. We aimed to elucidate the immunological role of soluble B7‐H4 (sB7‐H4) and B7‐H4 in pregnant women suffered from an acute Sars‐Cov2 infection.MethodsExpression levels of sB7‐H4 and cytokines were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. B7‐H4 and cytokines mRNA expression was analyzed by qPCR, and B7‐H4 and NF‐κb (p65) protein levels were investigated by western blot and immunofluorescence staining in placenta chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissues of COVID‐19 affected women and healthy controls.ResultsFibrinoid necrosis in the periphery of placental villi was increased in the COVID‐19‐affected patients. sB7‐H4 protein in maternal and cord blood serum and IL‐6/IL‐10 were increased while leukocytes were decreased during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Serum sB7‐H4 level was increased according to the severity of SARS‐Cov‐2 infection. Cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐18, IL‐1β, TNF‐α), B7‐H4 mRNA and protein in the decidual basalis tissues of COVID‐19‐infected pregnant women were significantly increased compared to healthy controls. IL‐18 and IL‐1β were significantly increased in the placenta chorionic villous samples of COVID‐19 affected patients, while NF‐κb (p65) expression was decreased.ConclusionsThe expression of the immunological marker sB7‐H4 correlated with the severity of COVID‐19 disease in pregnant women. sB7‐H4 and B7‐H4 can be used to monitor the progression of COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy, and for evaluating of the maternal immune status.
Altered non‐coding RNA profiles of seminal plasma extracellular vesicles of men with poor semen quality undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Oluwayiose Oladele A. , Houle Emily , Whitcomb Brian W. , Suvorov Alexander , Rahil Tayyab , Sites Cynthia K. , Krawetz Stephen A. , Visconti Pablo , Pilsner J. Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the precise mechanisms that underline male infertility are still unclear. Accumulating data implicate non‐coding RNA cargo of seminal plasma extracellular vesicles due to their association with poor semen quality and higher expression levels relative to vesicle‐free seminal plasma.MethodWe assessed sperm‐free seminal plasma extracellular vesicle non‐coding RNA profiles from 91 semen samples collected from male participants of couples seeking infertility treatment. Men were classified into two groups (poor, n = 32; normal, n = 59) based on World Health Organization semen cutoffs. Small RNA sequencing reads were mapped to standard biotype‐specific transcriptomes in the order micro RNA > transfer RNA > piwi‐interacting RNA > ribosomal RNA > ribosomal RNA > circular RNA > long non‐coding RNA using STAR. Differential expression of normalized non‐coding RNA read counts between the two groups was conducted by EdgeR (Fold change ≥1.5 and (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05).ResultSmall RNA sequencing identified a wide variety of seminal plasma extracellular vesicle non‐coding RNA biotypes including micro RNA, ribosomal RNAs, piwi‐interacting RNAs, transfer RNA, long non‐coding RNAs as well as circular RNAs, and fragments associated with pseudogenes, and nonsense‐mediated decay. The expression levels of 57 seminal plasma extracellular vesicle non‐coding RNAs (micro RNA: 6, piwi‐interacting RNA: 4, ribosomal RNA: 6, circular RNA: 34, and long non‐coding RNA: 7) were altered in men with poor semen quality relative to normal semen parameters, many (60%) of which were circular RNA species. Ontology analysis of differentially expressed micro RNAs and circular RNAs showed enrichment in functional terms related to cellular communication and early development.ConclusionThis is the first study to generate comprehensive seminal plasma extracellular vesicle non‐coding RNA profiles in a clinical setting and to determine the differences between men with normal and abnormal semen parameters. Thus, our study suggests that seminal plasma extracellular vesicle non‐coding RNAs may represent novel biomarkers of male reproductive phenotypes.
Hyperinflammatory syndrome resembling haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following axicabtagene ciloleucel and brexucabtagene autoleucel
Authors: Porter Timothy J. , Lazarevic Ana , Ziggas Jamie E. , Fuchs Ephraim , Kim Kiryoung , Byrnes Helen , Luznik Leo , Bolaños‐Meade Javier , Ali Syed Abbas , Shah Nirali N. , Wagner‐Johnston Nina , Jain Tania 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHaemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis‐like toxicity following chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐HLH) is being increasingly recognized, while published data are limited and criteria for recognition are elusive. We describe three patients who developed CAR‐HLH after infusion of brexucabtagene autoleucel (n = 2) or axicabtagene ciloleucel (n = 1). All three patients presented following cytokine release syndrome, with fever, recurrent or worsening cytopenias, hyperferritinaemia, elevated soluble interleukin (IL)‐2 receptor, hypofibrinogenaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, elevated liver transaminases, and decreasing C‐reactive protein and IL‐6. Clinical improvement following treatment with anakinra (n = 2) and ruxolitinib (n = 1) was observed. Our report offers an opportunity for prompt recognition and initiation of potentially life‐saving treatment for CAR‐HLH.
Do we have to exclude all relapsed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients not in complete remission from autologous stem cell transplant?
Authors: Gisselbrecht Christian , Sibon David 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTreatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma remains a challenge with the advent of chimaeric antigen receptor CAR‐T cell treatment. Whether or not eligibility criteria should replace the standard autologous transplantation is debated. By using PET‐derived parameters, the report of Cherng and colleagues suggests that patients with positive residual mass can have a five‐year survival of 54% with standard treatment.
The pathogenesis of organ fibrosis: Focus on necroptosis
Authors: Hao Min , Han Xin , Yao Zhouhui , Zhang Han , Zhao Mengting , Peng Mengyun , Wang Kuilong , Shan Qiyuan , Sang Xianan , Wu Xin , Wang Lu , Lv Qiang , Yang Qiao , Bao Yini , Kuang Haodan , Zhang Hongyan , Cao Gang 
Published: September 2022

Fibrosis is a common process of tissue repair response to multiple injuries in all chronic progressive diseases, which features with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibrosis can occur in all organs and tends to be nonreversible with the progress of the disease. Different cells types in different organs are involved in the occurrence and development of fibrosis, that is, hepatic stellate cells, pancreatic stellate cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Various types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis, are closely related to organ fibrosis. Among these programmed cell death types, necroptosis, an emerging regulated cell death type, is regarded as a huge potential target to ameliorate organ fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the role of necroptosis signalling in organ fibrosis and collate the small molecule compounds targeting necroptosis. In addition, we discuss the potential challenges, opportunities and open questions in using necroptosis signalling as a potential target for antifibrotic therapies.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc
Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of N6‐hydrazone purine derivatives with potential antiplatelet aggregation activity
Authors: Wei Chaochun , Zhou Liying , Yang Yifan , Niu Lexuan , Yan Hong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn our research on novel anticancer agents, a series of N6‐hydrazone purine derivatives were designed and synthesized by analysis of a pharmacophore model for ATP‐competitive inhibitors. The activities screening results showed that N6‐hydrazone purine derivatives 21 and 26 not only showed potential antiproliferative activity against the A549 and MCF‐7 cell lines comparable to Vandetanib as a positive control but also had moderate antiplatelet aggregation activity. In order to investigate the possible targets, a molecular docking study was carried out on the fourteen kinases associated with anticancer and antiplatelet aggregation activities. The results indicated that compounds 21 and 26 had the potential activity to target VEGFR‐2, PI3Kα, EGFR, and HER2 kinases. The inhibition of the kinases assay showed that compound 26 could target VEGFR‐2, PI3Kα, and EGFR (IC50 = 0.822, 3.040 and 6.625 μM). All results indicated that compound 26 will be an encouraging framework as potential new multi‐target anticancer agent with potential antiplatelet aggregation activity.
Police violence and abuse against street‐connected adolescents in Bangladesh: A qualitative study of lived experiences
Authors: Bromfield Nicole F. , Reza Hasan , Sultana Shirin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article explores the lived experiences of Bangladeshi street‐connected adolescents related to police violence and abuse, using data collected from qualitative in‐depth interviews with adolescents aged 10–17. Using a purposive sampling technique, 33 semi‐structured in‐depth interviews were conducted. Data were thematically analysed, and three major thematic areas emerged: (1) police as perpetrators of harm against street‐connected adolescents, (2) the police's failure in their duty to protect street‐connected adolescents and (3) police officers acting as judges, juries and executioners of so‐called street justice against street‐connected adolescents. Findings support the need for urgent reforms in the country related to child protection.
Complementing Connoisseurship With Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Frank Steven J. , Frank Andrea M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThough humanistic in spirit and scholarship, the practice of art history has long recognized the value of science‐based investigative techniques, particularly for questions involving artwork authentication. Modes of investigation now include analysis of chemical composition and physical structure in addition to the traditional principles of connoisseurship and provenance research. We propose the use of a new tool − convolutional neural networks − to extend scientific analysis to the visual features of two‐dimensional artwork. Trained on the works of an artist under study and visually comparable works of other artists, our system can identify forgeries and propose attributions. It can also assign classification probabilities within a work, revealing mixed authorship and identifying the contributions of different hands. We describe and illustrate performance in connection with Old Master paintings and drawings. With one interesting exception, our system's attributions match those of authoritative experts for paintings whose authorship has been the subject of longstanding controversy. Although computational, our approach supplements and depends on human expertise in judging an artwork's authenticity and lived history.
Serial blood pressure measurements, left ventricular remodelling and cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Kvisvik Brede , Berge Trygve , Pervez Mohammad Osman , Aagaard Erika Nerdrum , Ariansen Inger , Omland Torbjørn , Tveit Arnljot , Steine Kjetil , Røsjø Helge 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Whether serial blood pressure (BP) measurements are more closely associated with subclinical left ventricular (LV) remodelling and better predict risk of cardiovascular events over individual BP measurements are not known.MethodsWe assessed systolic BP, diastolic BP and pulse pressure at several time points during adulthood in 1333 women and 1211 men participating in the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. We defined serial BP measurements as the sum of averaged BPs from adjacent consecutive visits indexed to total exposure time between measurements. We assessed the associations between serial and individual BP measurements and (1) LV structure, function and volumes and (2) incident myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure and cardiovascular death.ResultsAll indices of higher serial BP measurements were associated with increased indexed LV mass, and the associations were stronger than those of individual BP measurements. Serial diastolic BP pressure was strongly and inversely associated with LV systolic function, while higher serial systolic BP was primarily associated with higher LV volumes. Both serial systolic (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17) and diastolic BPs (IRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.27) were associated with increased incidence of clinical events.ConclusionIn healthy community dwellers without established cardiovascular disease, different serial BP indices associate strongly with LV remodelling and cardiovascular outcomes. Whether the use of serial BP indices for guiding treatment is superior to individual measurements should be explored in additional prospective studies.