bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-bandgap refractive indexes and optical properties of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 semiconductor thin films
Authors: Bao Yitian , Wang Xiaorui , Xu Shijie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this article, we present a theoretical study on the sub-bandgap refractive indexes and optical properties of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films based on newly developed models. The measured sub-bandgap refractive indexes of β-Ga2O3 thin film are explained well with the new model, leading to the determination of an explicit analytical dispersion of refractive indexes for photon energy below an effective optical bandgap energy of 4.952 eV for the β-Ga2O3 thin film. Then, the oscillatory structures in long wavelength regions in experimental transmission spectra of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films with different Si doping concentrations are quantitively interpreted utilizing the determined sub-bandgap refractive index dispersion. Meanwhile, effective optical bandgap values of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films are further determined and are found to decrease with increasing the Si doping concentration as expectedly. In addition, the sub-bandgap absorption coefficients of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 thin film are calculated under the frame of the Franz–Keldysh mechanism due to the electric field effect of ionized Si impurities. The theoretical absorption coefficients agree with the available experimental data. These key parameters obtained in the present study may enrich the present understanding of the sub-bandgap refractive indexes and optical properties of impurity-doped β-Ga2O3 thin films.
Weather Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Network for Rice Farming in Delanggu Village
Authors: Najib F , Mustika I W 
Published: June 2022

AbstractExtreme climate change results in unpredictable weather patterns. This problem brings an impact particularly for rice farmers. Weather prediction system can help farmers to make the right decisions before weather changes occur. However, the coverage of the current weather station system is too wide, resulting in low accuracy and effectiveness of weather forecasts. Therefore, a local weather prediction system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has been developed. With the help of machine learning (Artificial Neural Network algorithm), this system can predict the weather in the next three days. This will help farmers in making the right decisions in dealing with their rice field problems. The ANN model with 40 training cycles and 7 hidden layers is the best combination in producing accurate weather predictions.
Real-Time Implementation of Wastewater Monitoring System on the Communal Wastewater Treatment Plant using the IoT Technology
Authors: Soetedjo A , Hendriarianti E , Wibowo S A , Novrian J , Nugroho A B , Roby M F , Dewi O V , Apriliansyah R S , Mustofa A , Sari R I , Wijayanto F Y 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a plant used to reduce the pollutants contained in the wastewater. The optimal operation of the WWTP can be achieved when the performance of WWTP is monitored regularly. This paper presents an actual implementation of the wastewater monitoring system on the communal WWTP using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed method employs the sensors and electronic modules available in the market and the popular ThingSpeak IoT platform. Four sensors, namely pH, temperature, turbidity, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO), monitor the wastewater’s parameters. The IoT hardware on the field communicates with the ThingSpeak cloud server using a GSM modem. The proposed monitoring system has been implemented on the Tirtarona WWTP, a communal WWTP located in Malang, Indonesia. The preliminary evaluation results show that the proposed method works properly and achieves the goal of the real-time wastewater monitoring system. Further, the solar panel is installed at the top of the sensor module for providing a self-powered and green energy monitoring system.
Effect of Lens Aperture for Analysis of Bubble Image Size Microbubble Generator Aeration System
Authors: Taukhid I , Trijuno D D , Karim M Y , Syah R , Makmur  
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvestigates Microbubble characterization is an essential component of any experimental investigation of new microbubble generator design. The use of microbubble generators as aeration systems often experiences blockages. That is caused by the broad cross-section of nozzles and air holes with small diameters. The microbubble generator was redesigned by increasing the cross-sectional area and diameter of the air hole. The method of investigating the bubble process uses image capture with three aperture speeds of the lens of 1/125f, 1/160f, and 1/200f with a combined airflow rate of 0.5 Lpm, 1.5 Lpm, and 2.5 Lpm. The result was characterized with multiple lens apertures with 1/160f bubble results ranging from 5.4 - 94.3 μm at all airflow rates.
Community Participation In Improving Environmental Protection and Effort Management
Authors: Sulistyaningsih E 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aims of this study to examine and elaborate community participation in anticipating and tackling pollution and environmental damage, thereby creating a healthy and sustainable life. Environmental issues are essential to ensure and make the earth and the natural surroundings a livable space for a peaceful and prosperous life. The actions that pollute the environment are tantamount to killing life. Environmental mismanagement can at least be caused by various factors such as education level, economic problems, lifestyle, weakness of the legislative system, and weak supervision of environmental management, causing pollution and damage to the environment. A normative legal method was used to conduct qualitative research. Data were gathered from various sources, including literature, books, laws and regulations, legal theory, and legal expert opinions, with a focus on environmental management and preservation in Indonesia. The results show, the public’s awareness of the environment is limited due to the general public’s ignorance of environmental aspects and not knowing the consequences of polluting and destroying the environment. For this reason, efforts are needed, such as counseling, guidance, role models, and community involvement in tackling environmental problems. Increasing law enforcement activities with an educative-persuasive and preventive dimension needs to be improved and encouraged again. Government performance is also essential to create public participation or awareness of the importance of their environmental functions by working together to clean and maintain.
Public Participation in Environmental Protection: Citizen Law Suits in the Indonesian Civil Justice System
Authors: Purwendah E K , Rusito  , Awaludin A , Triana I D S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article discusses public participation in the Indonesian civil justice system which aims to protect the interests of the environment. Citizen Law Suit (CLS) as the right to a good and healthy environment as a constitutional right guaranteed by the state. As a right of lawsuit, CLS is filed in a civil court which has the principle of legitimacy standi in yudisio (everyone can be a legitimate party in the trial), as long as they have sufficient legal interest (point d’interet, point d’action (have sufficient legal interest) to file a claim) by proving the argument or posita with evidence. This is different from CLS which does not base its claim on personal interests, but based on interests as citizens who have the right to a good and healthy environment with the claim in the petition that is improvement of government performance on a good and healthy environment The approach method used is a conceptual approach, departing from the idea that social ecological justice (eco-social) is inherent as the right to a good and healthy environment is a citizen’s human right. In the results and discussion shows that a civil justice system that does not recognize al CLS, starting to accept CLS based on the judge’s legal discovery (rechtsvinding) and overriding the point d’interet, point d’action principle.
Analysis of coral reef diversity and its correlation to fish abundance in Biawak Island cluster areas
Authors: Rizal A , Nugraha RBA , Farhan AR , Triwibowo H , Widjanarko E , Secasari Y , Mbay LN , Naibaho N , Borneo BB , Farahdita WL , Siagian H , Rahmania R , Gautama BG 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The importance of coral reefs for humans and marine biota must be conserved due to threat of climate change and anthropogenic pressures, one of which is in a cluster of small islands in Indramayu Regency, (comprising Biawak, Candikian and Gosong island). This study aims to assess the status of coral reefs in Indramayu (percent cover, diversity, uniformity, and dominancy of the coral reef ecosystem) as well as the potential correlation with fish abundance. Areas of interest were pre-determined using Lyzenga method, ground truth using the LIT (Line Intercept Transect), while genus-based fish abundance using UVC (Underwater Visual Census) method. This study revealed that the status of coral reefs is in moderate condition. The diversity index ranges from 1 to 3, and dominancy index is less than 0.50, indicating a stable reef community where no dominant genus is found in the community. The correlation between fish abundance and the live coral cover percentage showed a positive linear association. These results indicate that current coral reef ecosystems seem unaffected by anthropogenic pressures. It is expected that these results can be used by local authorities to conserve coral reef ecosystems and marine biota, and to maintain the sustainability of community livelihoods.
Growth performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio fed with different commercial feed in cirata reservoir cage culture system
Authors: Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Amrillah Muhammad Fathul Qorib Bi , Fauzi Ichsan Achmad , Yusuf Didi Humaedi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aquaculture activities with high stocking density require good quality of feeding, fully equipped and balanced nutrients for optimized growth, and maintaining fish health. Feed cost in aquaculture activities can consume between 75–90% of production costs. Currently, there is various commercial feed available with similar nutrient composition. However, it is unclear whether these similar nutrient properties can make significant differences in growth performance in the field. Thus, this study aimed to determine growth performance differences in common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) raised in floating net cages with four different commercial feeds. This study uses four treatments: commercial feed A, commercial feed B, commercial feed C, and commercial feed D. The average weight of fishes used was 30 g. Fishes were raised at floating net cages 7 × 7 × 4 m. Fish were fed three times a day (07.00, 12.00, and 17.00 WIB) until apparent satiation for 70 days. The result shows that commercial feed D has the best daily growth rate, feed conversion ratio, fat retention, and survival rate. Meanwhile, commercial feed C only gave the best result on protein retention.
Growth and survival rate of orange-spotted spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) using different feed types
Authors: Leopardas Jorena , Cabuga Dionesio T. , Nicanor Rio A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Orange-spotted spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is one of the valued marine fish in the Philippines that is widely cultured in brackishwater ponds. This study evaluated the effects of varied feed types on the growth performance and survival of the fish cultured. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design with three treatments: Commercial feeds; Commercial feeds + lead tree leaves (50:50); lead tree + M. oleifera (50:50) respectively. The results showed that combining a lead tree + M. oleifera greatly affects the indices measured. In terms of length and width, fish fed with lead tree + M. oleifera gained the highest growth increment of 7.11mm and 3.83mm. In terms of weight, fish fed with commercial got the highest increment of 1.02g. The specific growth rate in terms of length, width, and weight were significantly higher in fish fed with lead tree + M. oleifera at 23.48% day -1, 12.69% day-1, and 3.55 % day-1 respectively. Fish fed with commercial feeds got the highest survival rate and significantly from other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that using a combination of Lead tree and M. oleifera can be used as an alternative feed for orange-spotted spinefoot rabbitfish as it has a good growth performance.
Evaluation of color-based classical conditioning as feeding stimuli in common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Pradana Andiko , Ekasari Julie , Jusadi Dedi , Marlinda Shela , Fauzi Ichsan Achmad 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the application of classical conditioning using light and color as a feeding trigger for common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Common carp (average size 38.8 g, stocking density ten fish/tank) was reared in a 120 l glass aquarium equipped with a top filter, thermostat, and aeration. The designated treatment that used in this study is (1) CTRL treatment whereas color, light position, and feeding position assigned randomly (2) FEED treatment whereas green color was associated with feeding (3) FEEDxSTRESS treatment whereas green color was associated with feeding and red color were associated with stress by giving disturbance in the tank for a short period of time (4) negative control whereas no treatment was given. To evaluate feeding responses, we observe time required for 80% of fish to gather in the feeding area (T80%), the number of fish gather around in the feeding area at 5 seconds after LED that associated with feeding was switched on (DF5s), and total feed intake of the fish. Using two-way ANOVA, the result shows improvement in T80% of FEED treatment compared to initial measurement (178 s vs. 85 s, P=0.012), while no difference was found in DF5s and feed intake.
Evaluation of feeding response and growth performance of tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) that conditioned with color-assigned LED that associated with feeding and stressor
Authors: Tambunan David Timotius , Fauzi Ichsan Achmad , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Marlinda Shela , Ekasari Julie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Conditioning can be applied as a management tool to increase the efficiency of aquaculture production by training the fish to gather into a designated site for feeding or harvesting purposes and reducing stress from handling or other external stressors that can be found in the ambient environment. While the use of conditioning in aquaculture can be beneficial, there is limited information on the application of this technology in tilapia. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the use of different color lights as positive and negative conditioning on feeding response and growth performance of tilapia. Treatment that used in this research is using random light at a random location that was independent of the random feeding location (P1); using blue color at a random location adjacent to the feeding location (P2); using similar treatment with P2 but with the incorporation of conditioning in the form of stress; and control treatment without conditioning. As the result, there is no significant difference among treatments in growth performance and feed conversion, and the application of these conditionings affects tilapia’s feeding response. Treatment P2 produces an improved feeding response compared to other treatments and incorporation of stress into treatment such as in treatment P3 may curb this improvement.
Characterization of digestive enzymes from sandfish, Holothuria scabra juvenile
Authors: Sembiring S B M , Hutapea J H , Giri I N A , Haryanti  , Pratiwi R , Hadisusanto S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Understanding the specific role of enzyme activity, such as digestive enzymes present in the intestine of Holothuria scabra juvenile, combined with an understanding of the animal habits and their digestive capacity is essential in the development of an appropriate diet. Juvenile sandfish with an average weight and total length of 2.81 ± 0.54 g and 4.10 ± 0.54 cm were collected and its intestine was used to analyze the activity of protease, amylase, and lipase enzymes. Parameters testing for all enzyme activities were conducted at 12 levels of pH (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0; 10.0; 11.0; 12.0) and temperature 8 levels (10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90°C). Optimum pH for protease, amylase, and lipase activity were 7.0, 8.0, and 3.0, respectively, while optimum temperatures were 50, 50, and 40°C, respectively. This information about optimum pH and temperature in the biology of sandfish is useful as a basis for further studies on feeding physiology.
Octopus fishing ground utilization in central sulawesi, indonesia: an approach using spawning potential ratio
Authors: Wiryawan B , Tarigan D J , Simbolon D , Lilley G R , Wahyuningrum P I 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Banggai Laut Regency is one of the largest octopus producers in Central Sulawesi Province. The potential of octopus resources in these waters is estimated at 10,652 ton/year. This potency has a close correlation with production. However, there has been a decrease in octopus production, indicating that the utilization rate in these areas has already overexploited. This study aims to determine the status or current utilization level of the octopus fishing ground. The status of octopus fishing ground in Banggai Laut waters was analyzed using Length Based-Spawning Potential Ratio measured by mantle length of captured octopus. The result of Spawning Potential Ratio analysis showed that its value was 15%, which is below the biological reference point (<20%). This value indicates that the utilization rate of octopus fishing ground in Banggai Laut Regency area has already overexploited. The countermeasures which can be used for the restoration and improvement of octopus stocks are necessary for the sustainability of octopus fishery in the future.
Solar panel energy for light fishing on a mini purse seiner
Authors: Triharyono Ari , Purwangka Fis , Kurniawati Vita Rumanti 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
High demands for diesel fuel energy in light fishing on mini purse seiners at Tasikagung Rembang Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) led to an increase in the cost of fishing operations. Diesel fuel price continues to increase every year hence cheaper alternative energy is required to substitute existing fuel. The purposes of this research are to calculate the amount of energy needed for light fishing and to determine the need for solar panels for light fishing of mini purse seiners at PPP Tasikagung Rembang. Data were collected through fieldwork and observations in two samples of fishing vessels (vessels A and B of 29 GT), then being analyzed descriptively and comparatively. Results showed that the energy required by vessel A was lower than vessel B due to the difference in light composition. While vessel A required 292.800 Wh or 200 liters of fuel per night, vessel B consumed at least 394.600 Wh or the equivalent of 280 liters of fuel per night. Accordingly, the capacity of solar panels required by vessel A was 58.560 Wp and for B vessel was 394.600 Wp. However, only 2.05% and 1.27% of module capacity can be applied respectively.
Some indicators for assessing stock of golden rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus, Bloch 1787) in Wakatobi Waters, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Prihatiningsih  , Muchlis N , Taufik M , Amri K , Hartati S T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Golden rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is an important species to people in Wakatobi islands that are surrounded by the Banda Sea and the Flores Sea. They catch the fish for local consumptions and trade processed fish to other areas. This study aims to determine estimates of the fish's growth, mortality, and exploitation rates. The study was conducted from January to November 2016 in Wakatobi. Analysis was carried out the FISAT II package. The fish length ranged from 8.0 to 49.0 cm with an average of 26.19 cm. The growth pattern of male fish was positive allometric while for female fish was allometric negative. The sex ratio was inbalanced. The estimate of length at first capture (Lc) was 27.65 cm (FL) while the estimate of length at first maturity (Lm) was 30.49 cm (FL). The natural mortality (M) was 1.51/year while the fishing mortality was 1.28/year and the exploitation rate was 0.46/year. The SPR was 0.49, indicating the exploitation rate of Siganus guttatus in the studied areas is still at the optimum condition.
The dynamic coverage of coral reef habitat in Kapoposang Marine Tourism Park, Spermonde Island – Makassar Strait, Indonesia
Authors: Fihrin H , Arifin T , Hidayat R , Rahmania R , Yulius  , Gunawan D , Ramdhan M 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Around 20 percent of coral reef coverage and its high biodiversity in Spermonde Island has been declining in the last 12 years, where the dominant loss is the hard coral. However, only few studies use multi-scale accuracy methods to estimate the loss of hard corals in Kapoposang Marine Tourism Park. Hence, this study aims to map and analyze the dynamics of coral reef covers in Kapoposang Marine Tourism Park of Spermonde Islands for the past two decades (from 2000 to 2019). Data was obtained from the coral reef survey, to validate the Landsat imageries (TM dan ETM+), which were acquired and selected based on similar tides conditions. Gap fills on Landsat ETM+ are managed using Frame and Fill software, then analyzed using Lyzenga algorithm and validated with ground truth data. This study reveals that the coral reef coverage in Kapoposang Marine Tourism Park increased about 9,61% from 2000 to 2015, then declined about 7,41% from 2015 to 2019.
The study of flocculation efficiency of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta) using chitosan
Authors: Endrawati Hadi , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Hartati Retno , Nuraeni Ria Azizah T , Mahendrajaya Robertus Triaji 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recently, many studies on Chlorella vulgaris have been carried out because C vulgaris contains many nutrients that are very useful for humans and the culture of marine organisms as natural foods. Until now, the biggest production cost is the harvesting process cost., This research aims to study the flocculation efficiency of the microalgae C vulgaris using chitosan flocculants. In this study, the treatments were chitosan concentration (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 ppm) and settling time (10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes). Each treatment was replicated three times. Based on the result of the study, the use of chitosan concentration of 20 ppm showed that the flocculation efficiency value was greater than 90% at the deposition (settling) times of 20, 30, and 40 minutes. Even though the higher the chitosan concentration value given, the greater the flocculation efficiency value, the statistical test showed no significant differences between flocculation efficiency in different concentrations of chitosan and time settling (P> 0.05).