bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haze Pollution in the Unstable Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over the West Bank of Taiwan Strait Induced by Regional Transport of PM2.5
Authors: Jiang Y. C. , Zhao T. L. , Tan C. H. , Li F. , Zheng Q. P. , Shu Z. Z. , Ma X. D. , Zheng H. , Lv Q. Y. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the regional transport of particulate matter (PM2.5) leading to air pollution in Fuzhou, in the west bank of the Taiwan Strait (WBTS), which has a relatively good air quality with a lower aerosol optical depth than that of East China. The continental polluted aerosol zone over the coast of East China was identified as an aerosol transport belt, and the daily aerosol dynamics observed by MODIS remote sensing indicated the southward transport of fine particulate matter to the WBTS along the coast. The external air pollutants from regional transport contributed 84% of the PM2.5 detected in Fuzhou, while only 16% due to local emissions of air pollutants. The northerly winds of the cold front drove the southward transport of polluted air masses along the coast of the northwest Pacific from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) to the WBTS. The vertical mixing of air pollutants from the upper boundary layer to the surface layer could be conducive to regional‐transport‐induced haze pollution in this coastal area of the WBTS. Fuzhou is considered a receptor region of PM2.5 transport in Eastern China, and the source region is mainly from the YRD. The results of this study have significant implications on determining the source of pollution and controlling local air quality for good air quality regions. This study also shed some light on using multi‐satellites to fill the surface observation gaps in coast or nearshore areas, and to confirm the characteristics and passways of aerosol transport.
Reply to Comment by Troshichev et al. on “The Use of Invalid Polar Cap South (PCS) Indices in Publications”
Authors: Stauning P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe publication by Stauning (2022b, 10.1029/2022JA030355): “The use of invalid Polar Cap South (PCS) indices in publications.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030355 is based on values of the PCS indices derived at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) by the authors of the Comment and made available at the web portal maintained by the International Service of Geomagnetic Indices (ISGI) supported by the International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeronomy and also at the web portal maintained by AARI. One PCS version (“pre‐2021PCS”) comprises a series of indices spanning 1997–2021 published by AARI up to December 2021 and by ISGI up to April 2022. Since no other PCS version has been in play at AARI prior to 2021, this version, labeled “provisional” by ISGI, was beyond doubt used in the 9 publications listed in the commented publication by Stauning (2022b, 10.1029/2022JA030355). A modified PCS version (“post‐2021PCS”) was published by AARI in December 2021 and recently by ISGI (May 2022). The pre‐2021PCS version has been proven invalid by many examples of unfounded excessive index excursions and also by comparisons with indices of the post‐2021PCS index version. Its devaluating imprints on the publications issued by AARI between 2014 and 2021 are indisputable regardless of later modifications of the PCS index series.
Near‐Surface Oceanic Kinetic Energy Distributions From Drifter Observations and Numerical Models
Authors: Arbic Brian K. , Elipot Shane , Brasch Jonathan M. , Menemenlis Dimitris , Ponte Aurélien L. , Shriver Jay F. , Yu Xiaolong , Zaron Edward D. , Alford Matthew H. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Abernathey Ryan , Garcia Daniel , Guan Lingxiao , Martin Paige E. , Nelson Arin D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe geographical variability, frequency content, and vertical structure of near‐surface oceanic kinetic energy (KE) are important for air‐sea interaction, marine ecosystems, operational oceanography, pollutant tracking, and interpreting remotely sensed velocity measurements. Here, KE in high‐resolution global simulations (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model; HYCOM, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model; MITgcm), at the sea surface (0 m) and at 15 m, are compared with KE from undrogued and drogued surface drifters, respectively. Global maps and zonal averages are computed for low‐frequency (<0.5 cpd), near‐inertial, diurnal, and semidiurnal bands. Both models exhibit low‐frequency equatorial KE that is low relative to drifter values. HYCOM near‐inertial KE is higher than in MITgcm, and closer to drifter values, probably due to more frequently updated atmospheric forcing. HYCOM semidiurnal KE is lower than in MITgcm, and closer to drifter values, likely due to inclusion of a parameterized topographic internal wave drag. A concurrent tidal harmonic analysis in the diurnal band demonstrates that much of the diurnal flow is nontidal. We compute simple proxies of near‐surface vertical structure—the ratio 0 m KE/(0 m KE + 15 m KE) in model outputs, and the ratio undrogued KE/(undrogued KE + drogued KE) in drifter observations. Over most latitudes and frequency bands, model ratios track the drifter ratios to within error bars. Values of this ratio demonstrate significant vertical structure in all frequency bands except the semidiurnal band. Latitudinal dependence in the ratio is greatest in diurnal and low‐frequency bands.
Magnetofossils and Benthic Foraminifera Record Changes in Food Supply and Deoxygenation of the Coastal Marine Seafloor During the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Wagner Courtney L. , Stassen Peter , Thomas Ellen , Lippert Peter C. , Lascu Ioan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContinental shelf sediments along the northeast continental margin of North America contain a magnetofossil‐rich interval deposited during the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), an abrupt global warming event that occurred ∼56 Ma. These magnetofossils were produced by magnetotactic bacteria and unidentified, iron‐biomineralizing organisms. Previous work shows three distinct magnetofossil endmembers identified from principal component analysis of first‐order reversal curves (FORC‐PCA). The relative proportions of these magnetofossil endmembers varied over time during the PETM. Benthic foraminiferal species associations from the same sediments also vary during the PETM. Here, we compare the variability in magnetofossils and benthic foraminifera and statistically test, for the first time, whether they are significantly correlated. We find that changes in the type of magnetofossils present within the sediment correspond to changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblages, thus reflecting syndepositional conditions such as changes in oxygen, nutrients, and organic carbon concentrations, rather than diagenetic processes. We also find that magnetofossil‐producing organisms may respond to specific environmental pressures differently than benthic foraminifera, and in some cases, may better record these environmental signals. Therefore, FORC‐PCA on magnetofossil‐rich sediments can be used to understand discrete changes in ocean and/or early sediment chemistry over episodes of climate change. These environmental responses are inferred from non‐destructive, reproducible magnetic measurements, adding an independent environmental proxy to more commonly studied microfossil and geochemical proxies. Notably, these measurements only require small bulk sediment samples and do not need to contain calcium carbonate, making this approach ideal where sample material is limited and the record is affected by ocean acidification.
RNA modifications: importance in immune cell biology and related diseases
Authors: Cui Lian , Ma Rui , Cai Jiangluyi , Guo Chunyuan , Chen Zeyu , Yao Lingling , Wang Yuanyuan , Fan Rui , Wang Xin , Shi Yuling 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRNA modifications have become hot topics recently. By influencing RNA processes, including generation, transportation, function, and metabolization, they act as critical regulators of cell biology. The immune cell abnormality in human diseases is also a research focus and progressing rapidly these years. Studies have demonstrated that RNA modifications participate in the multiple biological processes of immune cells, including development, differentiation, activation, migration, and polarization, thereby modulating the immune responses and are involved in some immune related diseases. In this review, we present existing knowledge of the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of RNA modifications, includingN6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C),N1-methyladenosine (m1A),N7-methylguanosine (m7G),N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), pseudouridine (Ψ), uridylation, and adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, and summarize their critical roles in immune cell biology. Via regulating the biological processes of immune cells, RNA modifications can participate in the pathogenesis of immune related diseases, such as cancers, infection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We further highlight the challenges and future directions based on the existing knowledge. All in all, this review will provide helpful knowledge as well as novel ideas for the researchers in this area.
Soft shape-programmable surfaces by fast electromagnetic actuation of liquid metal networks
Authors: Ni Xinchen , Luan Haiwen , Kim Jin-Tae , Rogge Sam I. , Bai Yun , Kwak Jean Won , Liu Shangliangzi , Yang Da Som , Li Shuo , Li Shupeng , Li Zhengwei , Zhang Yamin , Wu Changsheng , Ni Xiaoyue , Huang Yonggang , Wang Heling , Rogers John A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLow modulus materials that can shape-morph into different three-dimensional (3D) configurations in response to external stimuli have wide-ranging applications in flexible/stretchable electronics, surgical instruments, soft machines and soft robotics. This paper reports a shape-programmable system that exploits liquid metal microfluidic networks embedded in an elastomer matrix, with electromagnetic forms of actuation, to achieve a unique set of properties. Specifically, this materials structure is capable of fast, continuous morphing into a diverse set of continuous, complex 3D surfaces starting from a two-dimensional (2D) planar configuration, with fully reversible operation. Computational, multi-physics modeling methods and advanced 3D imaging techniques enable rapid, real-time transformations between target shapes. The liquid-solid phase transition of the liquid metal allows for shape fixation and reprogramming on demand. An unusual vibration insensitive, dynamic 3D display screen serves as an application example of this type of morphable surface.
CNS myelination requires VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Lam Mable , Takeo Koji , Almeida Rafael G. , Cooper Madeline H. , Wu Kathryn , Iyer Manasi , Kantarci Husniye , Zuchero J. Bradley 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMyelin is required for rapid nerve signaling and is emerging as a key driver of CNS plasticity and disease. How myelin is built and remodeled remains a fundamental question of neurobiology. Central to myelination is the ability of oligodendrocytes to add vast amounts of new cell membrane, expanding their surface areas by many thousand-fold. However, how oligodendrocytes add new membrane to build or remodel myelin is not fully understood. Here, we show that CNS myelin membrane addition requires exocytosis mediated by the vesicular SNARE proteins VAMP2/3. Genetic inactivation of VAMP2/3 in myelinating oligodendrocytes caused severe hypomyelination and premature death without overt loss of oligodendrocytes. Through live imaging, we discovered that VAMP2/3-mediated exocytosis drives membrane expansion within myelin sheaths to initiate wrapping and power sheath elongation. In conjunction with membrane expansion, mass spectrometry of oligodendrocyte surface proteins revealed that VAMP2/3 incorporates axon-myelin adhesion proteins that are collectively required to form nodes of Ranvier. Together, our results demonstrate that VAMP2/3-mediated membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes is indispensable for myelin formation, uncovering a cellular pathway that could sculpt myelination patterns in response to activity-dependent signals or be therapeutically targeted to promote regeneration in disease.
A nanodispersion-in-nanograins strategy for ultra-strong, ductile and stable metal nanocomposites
Authors: Li Zan , Zhang Yin , Zhang Zhibo , Cui Yi-Tao , Guo Qiang , Liu Pan , Jin Shenbao , Sha Gang , Ding Kunqing , Li Zhiqiang , Fan Tongxiang , Urbassek Herbert M. , Yu Qian , Zhu Ting , Zhang Di , Wang Y. Morris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNanograined metals have the merit of high strength, but usually suffer from low work hardening capacity and poor thermal stability, causing premature failure and limiting their practical utilities. Here we report a “nanodispersion-in-nanograins” strategy to simultaneously strengthen and stabilize nanocrystalline metals such as copper and nickel. Our strategy relies on a uniform dispersion of extremely fine sized carbon nanoparticles (2.6 ± 1.2 nm) inside nanograins. The intragranular dispersion of nanoparticles not only elevates the strength of already-strong nanograins by 35%, but also activates multiple hardening mechanisms via dislocation-nanoparticle interactions, leading to improved work hardening and large tensile ductility. In addition, these finely dispersed nanoparticles result in substantially enhanced thermal stability and electrical conductivity in metal nanocomposites. Our results demonstrate the concurrent improvement of several mutually exclusive properties in metals including strength-ductility, strength-thermal stability, and strength-electrical conductivity, and thus represent a promising route to engineering high-performance nanostructured materials.
Efficient quantum state tomography with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Schmale Tobias , Reh Moritz , Gärttner Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModern day quantum simulators can prepare a wide variety of quantum states but the accurate estimation of observables from tomographic measurement data often poses a challenge. We tackle this problem by developing a quantum state tomography scheme which relies on approximating the probability distribution over the outcomes of an informationally complete measurement in a variational manifold represented by a convolutional neural network. We show an excellent representability of prototypical ground- and steady states with this ansatz using a number of variational parameters that scales polynomially in system size. This compressed representation allows us to reconstruct states with high classical fidelities outperforming standard methods such as maximum likelihood estimation. Furthermore, it achieves a reduction of the estimation error of observables by up to an order of magnitude compared to their direct estimation from experimental data.
Orbital-selective Mott and Peierls transition in HxVO2
Authors: Kim Soyeun , Backes Steffen , Yoon Hyojin , Kim Woojin , Sohn Changhee , Son Junwoo , Biermann Silke , Noh Tae Won , Park Se Young 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMaterials displaying metal-insulator transitions (MITs) as a function of external parameters such as temperature, pressure, or composition are most intriguing from the fundamental point of view and also hold high promise for applications. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is one of the most prominent examples of MIT having prospective applications ranging from intelligent coatings, infrared sensing, or imaging, to Mott memory and neuromorphic devices. The key aspects conditioning possible applications are the controllability and reversibility of the transition. Here we present an intriguing MIT in hydrogenated vanadium dioxide, HxVO2. The transition relies on an increase of the electron occupancy through hydrogenation on the transition metal vanadium, driving the system insulating by a hybrid of two distinct MIT mechanisms. The insulating phase observed in HVO2 with a nominal d2 electronic configuration contrasts with other rutile d2 systems, most of which are metallic. Using spectroscopic tools and state-of-the-art many-body electronic structure calculations, our investigation reveals a correlation-enhanced Peierls and a Mott transition taking place in an orbital-selective manner cooperate to stabilize an insulating phase. The identification of the hybrid mechanism for MIT controlled by hydrogenation opens the way to radically design strategies for future correlated oxide devices by controlling phase reversibly while maintaining high crystallinity.
Highly durable and sustainable heterogeneous fabric using in-and-out fluorinated urethane coating for elimination of bacteria and oil–water separation
Authors: Choi Moonhyun , Park Sohyeon , Choi Woojin , Kim Youna , Cho Kyeong Min , Heo Jiwoong , Kim Min-Kun , Jung Heesoo , Jin Youngho , Lee Sangmin , Hong Jinkee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo address the poor oil–water separation efficiency and bactericidal properties of existing oil–water separation membranes for the treatment of industrial oily wastewater discharge, this study designed an in-and-out coating material for modifying the inner site and outer surface of porous activated carbon fabric (ACF) using urethane reactions. To this end, fluorinated polyurethane (F-PU) coating materials were synthesized using perfluoroalkyl alcohol, ethylene glycol (EG), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). Subsequently, the inner and outer surface of the ACF were coated with F-PU via the urethane reaction of the hydroxyl groups (–OH) of the surface of ACF and the isocyanates of F-PU. The successfully fabricated in-and-out F-PU-coated heterogeneous fabric exhibited excellent hydrophobic properties, anti-scratch performance, oil–water separation performance, and bacterial penetration blocking efficiency (>99% for gram negative and gram positive bacteria). Furthermore, the in-and-out-coated ACF exhibited high durability, and retained its bacterial penetration blocking performance after scratch tests.
Strategic complexity and cognitive skills affect brain response in interactive decision-making
Authors: Reverberi Carlo , Pischedda Doris , Mantovani Marco , Haynes John-Dylan , Rustichini Aldo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeciding the best action in social settings requires decision-makers to consider their and others’ preferences, since the outcome depends on the actions of both. Numerous empirical investigations have demonstrated variability of behavior across individuals in strategic situations. While prosocial, moral, and emotional factors have been intensively investigated to explain this diversity, neuro-cognitive determinants of strategic decision-making and their relation with intelligence remain mostly unknown. This study presents a new model of the process of strategic decision-making in repeated interactions, first providing a precise measure of the environment’s complexity, and then analyzing how this complexity affects subjects’ performance and neural response. The results confirm the theoretical predictions of the model. The frequency of deviations from optimal behavior is explained by a combination of higher complexity of the strategic environment and cognitive skills of the individuals. Brain response correlates with strategic complexity, but only in the subgroups with higher cognitive skills. Furthermore, neural effects were only observed in a fronto-parietal network typically involved in single-agent tasks (the Multiple Demand Network), thus suggesting that neural processes dealing with cognitively demanding individual tasks also have a central role in interactive decision-making. Our findings contribute to understanding how cognitive factors shape strategic decision-making and may provide the neural pathway of the reported association between strategic sophistication and fluid intelligence.
Recursive state and parameter estimation of COVID-19 circulating variants dynamics
Authors: Silva Daniel Martins , Secchi Argimiro Resende 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic response with non-pharmaceutical interventions is an intrinsic control problem. Governments weigh social distancing policies to avoid overload in the health system without significant economic impact. The mutability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, vaccination coverage, and mobility restriction measures change epidemic dynamics over time. A model-based control strategy requires reliable predictions to be efficient on a long-term basis. In this paper, a SEIR-based model is proposed considering dynamic feedback estimation. State and parameter estimations are performed on state estimators using augmented states. Three methods were implemented: constrained extended Kalman filter (CEKF), CEKF and smoother (CEKF & S), and moving horizon estimator (MHE). The parameters estimation was based on vaccine efficacy studies regarding transmissibility, severity of the disease, and lethality. Social distancing was assumed as a measured disturbance calculated using Google mobility data. Data from six federative units from Brazil were used to evaluate the proposed strategy. State and parameter estimations were performed from 1 October 2020 to 1 July 2021, during which Zeta and Gamma variants emerged. Simulation results showed that lethality increased between 11 and 30% for Zeta mutations and between 44 and 107% for Gamma mutations. In addition, transmissibility increased between 10 and 37% for the Zeta variant and between 43 and 119% for the Gamma variant. Furthermore, parameter estimation indicated temporal underreporting changes in hospitalized and deceased individuals. Overall, the estimation strategy showed to be suitable for dynamic feedback as simulation results presented an efficient detection and dynamic characterization of circulating variants.
Decreased fecal calprotectin levels in Spondyloarthritis patients colonized by Blastocystis spp.
Authors: Chaparro-Olaya Jacqueline , Morales Liliana , León Falla Moisés David , Hernández Paula C. , Bautista-Molano Wilson , Ramos-Casallas Alejandro , de Ávila Juliette , Bello-Gualtero Juan Manuel , Cortés Muñoz Fabián , Romero-Sánchez Consuelo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSpondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory systemic diseases mainly characterized by inflammation in the spine and/or peripheral joints. Although a link between SpA-pathogenesis, intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis has been proposed, studies have been focused on bacteria-host interactions and very little has been reported regarding intestinal parasites. Here, intestinal parasitic infection of 51 SpA-patients were evaluated and compared to healthy control individuals. No significant differences in the frequency of any parasite between SpA-patients and control individuals were found. Significantly higher levels of fecal calprotectin (FCP) were found in the SpA-patients compared to the control individuals. However, FCP levels were the same when comparing SpA-patients and control individuals, both colonized by Blastocystis spp. On the other hand, when comparing Blastocystis spp. colonized and Blastocystis spp. free SpA-patients, FCP levels were significantly higher in those Blastocystis spp. free. Without ignoring the small sample size as a study limitation, the results showed that in the SpA-patients colonized by Blastocystis spp., the FCP levels were significantly lower than those in the Blastocystis spp. free group and comparable to those in the control group. These findings seem to suggest a relationship between Blastocystis spp. and intestinal inflammation in SpA-patients, but studies intended to explore that interaction specifically should be designed.