bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imported Cabbage Webworm Control, 1991
Authors: Meier S. , Muniappan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mustard seeds were sown on 22 Jan in plots consisting of 4 rows 2 m long in beds 1.1 m apart with a spacing of 20 cm within the rows. Four treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied by backpack sprayer. Two protective applications of Dibrom on the young seedlings were made on 1 and 7 Feb. Insecticide treatments were made on 15, 22 Feb, 1, 8, 16, 21, 28 Mar, and 4 Apr. The first incidence of ICW was noted on 19 Feb. The larvae of ICW on 8 plants/plot were counted 2-3, 4-5, and 6-7 DAT. Only the plants from the middle two rows of each plot were sampled.
Onion Maggot Control Using Pelleted Trigard Seed Treatments, 1991
Authors: Webb D. R. , Taylor A. G. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C, J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was planted 19 Apr in muck soil near Prattsburg, New York on Franjo Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Germination and damage data were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were sown and seed-furrow treatments of insecticides were applied using a hand-pushed cone seeder that planted 9 seeds/ft and delivered 75 gal/acre through a gravity-fed system based on a 15 inch row width. Trigard 75 WP was applied to the seed by mixing it with 140 mesh sand and pelleting it using a copper pan treater and air brush. Progrow (Vitavax and Thiram) was included in the coating of each specified seed treatment at the rate of 25 g of formulation/kg of seed and Dithane (F45) applied in the furrow at 2.4 qts formulation/acre in other specified treatments for control of onion smut, Urocystis cepulae. Lorsban 4 E was applied in the furrow at the rate of 1.1 fl oz of formulation/1000 ft of row. A second test was designed to determine if seed treated in 1990 would show any phytotoxicity effects from Trigard after 1 yr of treatment and whether the old treatments remained efficacious. Location, planting date, and experimental design were identical to those described for the first test.
Control of Pyrethroid Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle, Crookston, Minnesota, 1991
Authors: Noetzel David , Ricard Michele , Heuser Laura , Holder Bobby 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted 17 May on the Northwest Experiment Station at Crookston, MN using B-size 'Norchip' certified seed. Plots were four rows, 0.9 m wide, 7.6 m in length, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were arranged side by side but were separated on the ends by 1.5 m of fallow. Soils at this location are finely textured clays with adequate moisture at planting time. Soil systemics were applied over the tops of the rows immediately after planting. Foliars were applied on 13, 19, 28, Jun, 4, 9, 18, and 26 Jul. The total material used was 2 liter/0.0088 ha. Asana XL .66 E was combined with each initial application of a biological material. The biological was then used exclusively for the indicated number of applications. Monitor 4 E was applied, as needed, following the completion of each biological regime. An application of Asana XL .66 E (.013 kg Al/ha) was sprayed on all plots on 30 Jul to protect against potato leafliopper. Percent defoliation was estimated on 28 Jun, 4, 10, 18, and 26 Jul. Larval ratings were made on 10, 18, and 26 Jul and adult (wintering) CPB counts per plant were made on 26 Jul.
Wireworm and Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1990
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ potatoes were planted 20 Mar, near Powells Point, NC, using a row spacing of 42 inches. Three row plots 20 ft long were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Alleys of 5 ft were used between replicates. Treatments were applied before planting with a shaker jar, and banded materials were incorporated into the soil using a hand rake. Counts of CPB-infested hills in the center row were made 9 May, and visual estimates of foliar damage in the center row were made 21 May. Center rows were harvested, and potatoes graded, weighed, counted, and evaluated for percentage WW damage by weight and tuber count on 26 Jun.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Sprays, 1991
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots were established in a potato field on the UI Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam and irrigation was by furrow. Thirteen treatments and two untreated check plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long. Applications were made as a broadcast spray using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. Twenty gal of finished spray were applied [using 30 psi and X-8 (Spraying Systems) hollow cone nozzles] to all plots except for Kryocide which was sprayed using 50 gal/acre. Pre-treatment counts were made and the first insecticide treatments were applied 25 Jun. A second application of MYX 1806, Foil, Kryocide and ground root of Chinese Bittersweet (CB) was made on 2 Jul. All beetle stages were counted and percent defoliation observations were made weekly using whole plant inspections of the center five hills of the center two plot rows. Larval stages were separated into small (1-3 instar) and large (4-5 instar). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls studentized range test
Insecticides for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1991
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey W. , Speese Joh. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted in 2 fields on 10 Apr at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a 25 ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated guard row. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed gas backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 70 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Sprays were applied 13, 20, 28 May, and 4 Jun unless otherwise noted in the tables. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of CPB small (1st and 2nd instar) larvae, large (3rd and 4th instar) larvae, and adults on 10 randomly chosen stems per plot. Percent defoliation was rated on 6 and 14 Jun in field 1 and 6 and 13 Jun in field 2. Potatoes were harvested on 10 Jul in both fields and weighed to determine Grade A and total tuber yields.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Tomatoes with NTN-33893, 1991
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Maryle. , Stevenson Susa. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ohio 7870' tomato transplants were planted in 20 foot rows on 9 May. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 6 feet, and the distance between plants within the row was 24 inches. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All foliar spray treatments were mixed in 1.0 gallon of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 36 psi. Treatments were applied 5 and 22 Jun. Transplant water treatments were applied at planting time (9 May) at the rate of 5 ounces of transplant water per plant. The rate of NTN was 0.01 gm (AI)/meter. Drench treatments were mixed at the rate 0.01 gm (AI)/meter and applied to the seedling transplant flats with a sprinkler can using 1.0 quart of water per flat on 8 May. The NTN-33893 Pro Mix treatments were mixed at the rate of 0.7 gm (AI)/cubic foot of mix. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults and larvae/5 plants and the percent defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Five plants from each plot were harvested 9 Aug. Dry conditions prevailed for much of the growing season.
Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly and Geminivirus Transmission on Staked Tomato, Spring, 1990
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Cawley B. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tomatoes spaced 18 in apart were transplanted on 29 Jan in 9-row plots 24 ft long on 9 raised soil beds (6 ft centers). Beds were fumigated at formation with 13.5 gal/acre Vorlex and covered with whiteface polyethylene mulch. Directly adjacent were 3 beds of 100% geminivirus-infected tomatoes planted the previous November and partially protected from a December freeze. A completely randomized split block design was used with 4 replications and 3 main plot treatments; JMS Stylet Oil, insecticide, and an unsprayed check. Insecticide plots were split into 3 subplots, each 3 rows wide. Concentrations of all treatments were fixed throughout the experiment but rates per acre increased as nozzles were added to accommodate larger plants. Manzate 200 (1.5 lb/acre) and Tri-Basic Copper (3 lb/acre) were applied weekly, Bravo (2 lb/acre) and Javelin SC at 1.2 qt/acre were applied twice to control Spodaptera spp. Treatment applications began 12 Feb and continued twice weekly until harvest using a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 4 drop lines holding a maximum of 24 nozzles fitted with Albuz ceramic hollow cone tips (ATR brown delivering ca. 0.26 gal/min @ 400 psi). Whitefly immatures were counted at weekly intervals on the terminal leaflet of the 5th, 6th, or 7th leaf from the top (depending on plant maturity) from 6 randomly selected plants per subplot. Adults were sampled by carefully inverting the 3rd leaf from the top of 3 randomly chosen plants per subplot. Plants affected by geminivirus were marked as symptoms appeared. All fruit of marketable size were picked and graded on 19 Apr. Culls were removed and the remaining fruit separated into medium, large, and extra-large categories with a mechanical grader. Dollar value was calculated on the basis of $5.00/25 lb box for medium and large fruit and $7.00/box for extra-large fruit. A repeated measure analysis of variance for each whitefly lifestage was used over all sample dates and a separate analysis of variance was calculated for adults on each of the last 4 sample dates. A log10(x + 1) transformation was used to normalize counts of immatures because of the large number of zeros and high numbers in the data set.
Potato Leafhopper Control, 1991
Authors: Hower Arthur A. , Alexander Sandr. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides against potato leafhopper. The first experiment was conducted on the second alfalfa ('Onieda') cutting at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center at Rock Springs, and the second was conducted on the third alfalfa ('Cimarron') cutting at University Park. Both locations are in Centre County, PA. Forty × forty ft plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the 4 replications. In the first experiment, potato leafhopper densities were estimated from 20 pendulum sweeps taken randomly across each plot with a 15 inch diam insect beating net on 10 Jun. All treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 11 Jun. Approximately 0.6 inch of rain fell in the afternoon of the same day the insecticides were applied. This may have influenced their persistence and performance. Leafhopper densities were sampled on 14, 17, 24 Jun, and 1 Jul (3, 6, 13, and 20 DAT). Alfalfa height at spraying was 4-6 inches. Sprays were applied in 26 gal of water per acre at 26 psi with tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with a 20 ft boom with 80 degree flat fan nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Alfalfa yield was not determined due to drought conditions. Treatments in the second experiment were similarly applied on 24 Jul. Leafhopper density was evaluated on 22 Jul before the foliar spray was applied. Sweep samples for leafhoppers were taken on 31 Jul and 6, 14, 22, and 27 Aug (7, 13, 21, 29, and 34 DAT). Alfalfa yield was determined from two 60 ft2 swaths taken from each plot on 28 Aug.
Foliar Insect Control in Dry Navy Bean, 1991
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Sheets Beck. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established on 20 May at the Staples Irrigation Station in Staples, MN. Individual plot size was 4 rows × 6.8 m in length. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. Soil applications were banded in a 10 cm band on the row immediately after planting. Foliar materials were broadcast on 25 Jun and 8 Jul. Both applications were made using 2 liters total on 0.0023 ha. Data on stand, yield and moisture were collected and final yields adjusted to a standard moisture.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, Trial 2, 1991
Authors: Noetzel Davi. , Kellesvig Kur. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A cooperative trial with Agrigenetics Co. was established on May 17 at their research station in Breckenridge, MN. Plots were 1.5 m × 6 m in size, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 4 times. All granular materials were mixed with the seed at the time of planting and were drill planted. Foliars were applied in 2 liters of total material/4 plots (0.0035 ha). Germination was delayed at this site due to dry soil. A heavy rain led to uniform germination, which permitted a nearly perfect uniform cotyledon application time. Foliars were applied 3 Jun. Damage ratings were taken on 11 and 23 Jun, and plant height measured on 23 Jun. The entire plot was threshed, moistures recorded, and yields adjusted to a uniform moisture.
Claybacked Cutworm Control in Field Corn, 1991
Authors: Jarvi Keith J. , Echtenkamp Gerald W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were applied at planting time at a site near Coleridge, NE, on 11 May. The soil type was silty clay loam and the previous crop was alfalfa. The field was prepared by killing the alfalfa with 2,4-D, disking once, and using a field finisher before planting. Very little plant residue remained. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Each treatment consisted of 2 rows 16 m long, with 2 untreated rows between each treatment; rows were 76.2 cm apart. Granular materials were applied in a 17.8 cm band by a John Deere 2-row planter equipped with a cone-belt insecticide distributer and incorporated by tines. Ambush 2 E was broadcast applied immediately after planting, with a 4-nozzle CO2 back pack sprayer equipped with T-jet 8002 nozzles applying approximately 177 liters/ha total volume at 25 psi. Spray width was 1.66 m. Topsoil moisture was adequate at time of planting and no rain fell during the evaluation period. No phytotoxicity was observed. Plots were evaluated by counting plants remaining on either side of a randomly selected 6.66 m length marked between the two treated rows. Final plant stand count was taken on 6 Jun.
Field Corn, Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1991
Authors: Oleson J. D. , Rouse J. R. , Boeve P. J. , Baker D. A. , Tollefson J. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rootworm planting-time, soil-insecticide test plots were established at 5 locations in 1991. Two of these locations were also used for cultivation-time insecticide tests. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications for the root-protection trials (registered and numbered products) and 8 replications for the yield trials (registered and EUP products). All treatments were applied to single 50-ft length rows with 30-inch row spacing. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units that had been laboratory-calibrated to accurately deliver material at a tractor speed of 4 mph. The applicators were mounted on a 4-row John Deere Max-Emerge 7100 integral planter. Each row was constantly monitored to insure that insecticide was being correctly applied at all times. Drag chains were used for incorporation. Cultivation-time insecticide applications were made with electrically-driven Noble units mounted on the tool bar of a 2-row, rear-mounted cultivator. Plastic tubes, positioned directly in front of the cultivator sweeps, directed the insecticide to both sides of the corn row for basal treatments. Banders positioned directly above the plant row provided whorl treatments. Liquid insecticides were applied just prior to cultivation with a small-plot bicycle sprayer. Two 8003E nozzles, one on each side of the corn row, created a 7-10 inch band around the plant base and delivered 10 gal/acre at 10 psi. Chemical phytotoxicity was checked in early Jun by taking stand counts from 1/1000 acre and measuring the height of 10 consecutive plants from each treatment. In mid-Jul, rootworm feeding was evaluated by digging 5 roots from each treatment row and rating the damage on the Iowa 1-6 scale (1 equal to no damage or only a few minor feeding scars, and a 6 rating equal to 3 or more nodes of roots completely destroyed). Lodging counts were taken at harvest time. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was 45° or less. Yields were measured by hand-harvesting 1/1000 acre from each treatment. To determine treatment differences, data were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated with REGWQ.
Liquid Insecticide Performance Against First-Generation European Corn Borer; Band Vs Broadcast, 1991
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Giebink B. L. , Luedeman L. J. , Venette R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Granular insecticides are usually recommended for first-generation ECB. Therefore, information on liquid insecticide performance is minimal. Efficacy of Ambush 2 E, Pounce 3.2 E, and Penncap M 2 FM applied in band over the whorl and broadcast was evaluated against first-generation ECB in a commerical production field of corn near Lamberton, MN. The field, planted on 23 May, was in mid-whorl (V8) when scouted on 26 Jun. Plants (84%) were shotholed with 2.30 larvae per shotholed plant for a field average of 1.93 larvae per plant. Treatments were applied by Hagie Hi-Boy sprayer to plots measuring 8 rows (76-cm centers) by 120 m on 29 Jun. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The liquid insecticides were applied at 6.4 km/h in 174 liters/ha using 8002E nozzles on 38-cm and 76-cm spacings for broadcast and banded treatments, respectively. Efficacy was evaluated on 1 Aug by dissecting 8 sets of 10 plants, randomly located, per plot. Plots were harvested by combine on 11 Oct and yields adjusted to 15.5% moisture.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control, 1991
Authors: Karner Miles , Kelley Mark , Goodson Jerry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was initiated on 18 Jun on a stand of'Paymaster 145' in Tillman County, near Tipton to evaluate several insecticides against TSM infestation. Insecticides were applied using a ground rig equipped with a 6 row boom calibrated to deliver 5 gal finished spray/acre in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Plots were 4 rows (40 inch spacing) × 200 ft. TSM densities were determined 4 DAT and 7 DAT, recording the total no. of TSM present on 10 leaves picked at random from the top, middle, and bottom of plants from the middle 2 rows.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1991
Authors: Karner Miles , Ewing Sid , Kelley Mark , Goodson Jerry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was initiated on 8 Aug on a stand of 'PR 75' cotton planted 20 Jun near Hollis, OK, to determine efficacy of several foliar sprays for CA. Insecticides were applied using a ground rig with a 14 ft boom calibrated to deliver 5.0 gal/acre at 30 psi. Plots were 14 × 200 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block design of 3 replicates. Plots were sprayed on 8 Aug. Sampling procedure consisted of picking 6 leaves at random from the top, middle, and bottom of plants from the middle 2 rows of each plot. Aphid counts represent estimates of aphid numbers.
Control of Soybean Looper in Mississippi, 1991
Authors: Layton Rlake , Hamer Jim 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Registered soybean insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against soybean looper. Treatments were applied on 30 Aug (growth stage = R5) with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.9 gal of finished spray/acre through 8001 flat-fan nozzle tips at 40 psi. Row spacing was 38 inches, and plots were 8 rows wide × 50 ft long, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were sampled at 4 and 10 DAT using a 15-inch-diam sweep net. Pretreatment counts taken around the periphery of the plot area revealed an average soybean looper population of 12 per 25 sweeps. A total of 1.3 inches of rain fell on the plots prior to the 4 DAT count, 0.3 inches fell within 5 h after application, and an additional 1 inch fell at -3 DAT.
Apple, Broad Spectrum Control with Insecticides, 1990
Authors: Johnson James W. , Wise John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Sprays were applied to mature trees near Fennville, MI (Hudson Farm) at a rate of 100 gal/acre with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged as completely randomized units consisting of single trees replicated 4 times. Applications were made on 30 Apr (pink), 18 May (petal fall), 27 May, 7 Jun, 19 Jun, 2 Jul, 16 Jul, 27 Jul, 8 Aug, 22 Aug, 5 Sep, and 17 Sep. PBO Incite was applied on 30 Apr, 18 May, and 19 Jun. Chlorothalonil, Dodine, Captan, and Nova were applied separately to all treatments. On 12 Jul 50 apples per replicate (200 per treatment) were evaluated for internal lepidoptera pest damage. LeafroUer evaluation on 1 Jun consisted of visual inspection of 50 terminals for presence of larvae or feeding damage. Harvest fruit finish data were taken on 25 Sep from 100 fruit taken randomly from the periphery of the tree from each replicate (400 per treatment).
Twospotted Spider Mite Control in Soybeans, 1991
Authors: Oloumi-Sadeghi H. , Helm C. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The twospotted spider mite is the principal mite species infesting soybean fields in IL. During the summer of 1991 we established a trial within a farmer's soybean field near Tolono to evaluate the efficacy of 2 rates of Comite 6.55EC and one rate of Cygon 4E against this mite. The effect of mite control on pod weight and lot yield was also assessed. The field was planted on 2 May. Individual plots were 4 rows × 100 ft long with 30-ft alleys between plots. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with 3 hollow cone nozzles (Conejet TSXS-8)/row from a 4-row sprayer delivering 30 gal/acre at 40 psi on 29 Jul when soybeans were at the R5 stage of growth. Ten plants were sampled in each plot to determine the mite densities at 3, 10, 16, and 23 days after miticide treatment (DAT). Three leaves were separated from each plant in the bottom, middle, and top strata. A 9.0-cm2 disk was cut from the center of the middle leaflet from each stratum. Each disk was examined with a dissecting microscope to determine the number of eggs, immatures, and adults. On 23 Aug, all pods on 10 plants (R6 growth stage) per plot were separated from the plants and weighted. On 11 Sep, plot yields were determined from 25-ft sections of each of the two middle rows in each plot, and yields were adjusted to 13% moisture. Mite counts were transformed by log (x + 0.5) before ANOVA.
Control of Soybean Looper on North Louisiana Soybean, 1991
Authors: Thomas J. D. , Mink J. S. , Wier A. T. , Boethel D. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides against the soybean looper was evaluated at the Macon Ridge Branch, Northeast Research Station, Winnsboro, LA. Insecticides were applied with a tractor and CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha at 2.66 kg/cm2 through X12 hollow cone nozzles. Treatments were applied 19 Aug to 'Centennial' soybean in the R3 growth stage. Plots measured 15.2 m × 4 rows with 1.02 m row spacing, and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Two sets of 25 sweep samples (38.2 cm diam sweep net) per plot were taken at 2 and 7 DAT.