bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiplatelet therapy for standalone coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Takase Hajime , Tatezuki Junya , Salem Mohamed M , Tayama Katsuko , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundEndovascular embolization using standalone coils is the preferred treatment option for ruptured cerebral aneurysms to avoid the use of dual antiplatelet therapy with stent coiling or endoluminal flow diversion devices. However, it has been reported that patients undergoing the standalone coiling approach are at risk for periprocedural thromboembolism. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to clarify the risks and benefits of antiplatelet therapy (AT) during coiling procedures performed to treat ruptured aneurysms, including the incidence of early thromboembolic events, hemorrhagic and delayed ischemic events, as well as clinical outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive search of three databases was performed for articles from inception to June 2021. After fulfilling the inclusion criteria, five studies were included in this meta-analysis and 462 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) were identified who underwent endovascular standalone coiling treatment. Aneurysm location, patient characteristics, and aSAH grades were comparable between the AT and non-AT groups.ResultsAT significantly decreased the incidence of thromboembolic events immediately after the coiling procedures compared with non-AT (OR 3.42; 95% CI 1.77 to 6.61, p<0.001). The incidences of hemorrhage, delayed ischemia, and clinical outcomes with or without AT were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionsAlthough this study showed no beneficial effect of AT on clinical outcomes, the results suggest that AT could be combined with standalone coiling to avoid thromboembolism during the perioperative period. A large prospective study and/or an additional meta-analysis would be required to further investigate how AT benefits standalone coil embolization in aSAH.
Anatomical study and clinical significance of rami communicantes of the lumbar spine
Authors: Zheng Zhiyang , Ma Runxun , Zhang Rusen , Liu Zezheng , Liu Zexian , Chen Junjie , Xu Yejie , Zhou Xinying , Zhao Qinghao , Li Qingchu 
Published: January 2022

Background and objectivesRami communicantes (RC) infiltration and radiofrequency lesions are new techniques for the treatment of discogenic low back pain (DLBP). Their efficacy is controversial, and the classification of RC remains unclear. We aimed to explore the differences between RC and reclassify RC according to their anatomical characteristics.MethodsSixteen sides of the lumbar spine from eight adult male embalmed cadavers were dissected. The presence of RC was noted. The morphology, origin, distribution, course, quantity and spatial orientation of RC on the lumbar spine were examined. The length and width of the RC were measured by a caliper.ResultsA total of 213 RC were found in the 8 cadavers in the lumbar region. RC were divided into three types: superficial rami (70, 32.86%), which penetrated the psoas major (PM) and ran above the aponeurosis of the PM; deep rami (125, 58.69%), which ran along the waist of the vertebral body beneath the aponeurosis of the PM; and discal rami, which ran over and adhered to the surface of the intervertebral disc. Superficial rami were divided into two subtypes: oblique rami (45, 21.13%) and parabolic rami (25, 11.74%), which crossed the vertebra and the disc in an oblique and a parabolic course, respectively.ConclusionsRC should play an important role in the innervation of the lumbar spine. Detailed knowledge of RC in the lumbar region may help surgeons improve the efficacy of infiltration and percutaneous radiofrequency as a supplementary treatment for DLBP.
Electrochemically deposited molecular thin films on transparent conductive oxide substrate: combined DC and AC approaches for characterization
Authors: Gupta Ritu , Jash Priyajit , Pritam Anurag , Mondal Prakash Chandra 
Published: January 2022

Transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates are commonly employed as prime materials for optoelectronic applications. Enhancement in functions of such devices often compels stable and robust modification of the ITO substrate to improve its interfacial charge transfer characteristics. Thereby, in this work, naphthyl modifier multilayer films are fabricated on ITO substrate using conventional electrochemical reduction of 1-naphthyl diazonium salts (NAPH-D) via altering its concentration ranging from 2 mM to 12 mM with a step size of 2. Surface coverage was significantly tuned by varying NAPH-D concentration, keeping other parameters such as the number of scans and scan rate constant. For lower concentrations (2 mM), the molecular thickness ∼6 nm was obtained, whereas higher concentrations (12 mM) produced around 15–18 nm thickness. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of a ferrocene redox probe also supports the formation of well packed molecular film grown on the ITO surface. Further, the wettability property of the grafted naphthyl film was investigated at different surface coverages and correlated with charge transfer resistance (RCt) obtained from EIS studies.
Epilogue: personal reflection on geomorphology during 1965–2000 and geomorphological futures
Authors: Slaymaker Olav 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This chapter is a highly personal reflection on (a) my privileged life as a geomorphologist whose professional career spanned the period 1964–2004, (b) the forces that prevailed on the discipline of geomorphology from 1965 to 2000, (c) the extraordinary influence of individual scientists on my career as well as the discipline as a whole, (d) the many disciplinary paradigms that emerged during the same period and (e) some speculations about geomorphological futures. Geomorphological research and researchers of 1965–2000 were especially significant in relation to the long-term evolution of the discipline in three specific ways: (a) the quantitative revolution in geomorphology was consolidated, (b) new ways of understanding geomorphology were initiated and (c) old disciplinary paradigms were reinvigorated by the quantitative revolution and the newly initiated qualitative ways of understanding geomorphological reality. At the close of my speculation on geomorphological futures I make a plea for deeper geomorphological insight into the interdependence of landforms, landscapes and the well-being of society.
Cooperative Slack Management: Saving Energy of Multicore Processors by Trading Performance Slack Between QoS-Constrained Applications
Authors: Nejat Mehrzad , Manivannan Madhavan , Pericàs Miquel , Stenström Per 
Published: January 2022

Processor resources can be adapted at runtime according to the dynamic behavior of applications to reduce the energy consumption of multicore processors without affecting the Quality-of-Service (QoS). To achieve this, an online resource management scheme is needed to control processor configurations such as cache partitioning, dynamic voltage-frequency scaling, and dynamic adaptation of core resources.Prior State-of-the-art has shown the potential for reducing energy without any performance degradation by coordinating the control of different resources. However, in this article, we show that by allowing short-term variations in processing speed (e.g., instructions per second rate), in a controlled fashion, we can enable substantial improvements in energy savings while maintaining QoS. We keep track of such variations in the form of performance slack. Slack can be generated, at some energy cost, by processing faster than the performance target. On the other hand, it can be utilized to save energy by allowing a temporary relaxation in the performance target. Based on this insight, we present Cooperative Slack Management (CSM). During runtime, CSM finds opportunities to generate slack at low energy cost by estimating the performance and energy for different resource configurations using analytical models. This slack is used later when it enables larger energy savings. CSM performs such trade-offs across multiple applications, which means that the slack collected for one application can be used to reduce the energy consumption of another. This cooperative approach significantly increases the opportunities to reduce system energy compared with independent slack management for each application. For example, we show that CSM can potentially save up to 41% of system energy (on average, 25%) in a scenario in which both prior art and an extended version with local slack management for each core are ineffective.
Preserving Addressability Upon GC-Triggered Data Movements on Non-Volatile Memory
Authors: Ye Chencheng , Xu Yuanchao , Shen Xipeng , Jin Hai , Liao Xiaofei , Solihin Yan 
Published: January 2022

This article points out an important threat that application-level Garbage Collection (GC) creates to the use of non-volatile memory (NVM). Data movements incurred by GC may invalidate the pointers to objects on NVM and, hence, harm the reusability of persistent data across executions. The article proposes the concept of movement-oblivious addressing (MOA), and develops and compares three novel solutions to materialize the concept for solving the addressability problem. It evaluates the designs on five benchmarks and a real-world application. The results demonstrate the promise of the proposed solutions, especially hardware-supported Multi-Level GPointer, in addressing the problem in a space- and time-efficient manner.
Orthodontic Rubber Band-Assisted Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: An Efficient Method for Treating Superficial Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Zheng Linfu , Wang Wen , Li Dazhou , Chen Junguo , Chen Longping , Wang Rong , Jiang Chuanshen , Zhang Guanpo , Hou Yaping , Zheng Jin , Bai Yang 
Published: January 2022

Background. Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a complex operation. Effective traction is crucial. We have successfully used an orthodontic rubber band (ORB) combined with the clip traction method to assist ESD (ORB-ESD). The aim of this retrospective study is to describe the method and to compare the efficacy and safety of ORB-ESD versus conventional ESD in the treatment of superficial colorectal tumors. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with superficial colorectal tumor (with

diameter
≥
20

mm

) who received either ORB-ESD (

n
=
34

) or conventional ESD (

n
=
90

) between January 2019 and September 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the clinical data of 31 pairs of patients in each group. Results. Operation time was significantly shorter for ORB-ESD than for conventional ESD (34.5 minutes vs. 56 minutes,

P
≤
0.001

). In the propensity-matched cohorts, the operation time remained significantly shorter in the ORB-ESD patients (35 minutes vs. 50 minutes,

P
=
0.001

). Postoperative adverse events, en bloc resection rate, and R0 resection rate were comparable between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

), both before and after propensity score matching. In the ORB subgroup analysis, the trainee and expert ESD operation times were similar (37 (26–53) vs. 33.5 (26–37) minutes, respectively;

P
=
0.274

). Conclusion. ORB-ESD appears to be an effective technique for ESD of colorectal cancer. Our findings need to be confirmed in large prospective multicenter studies.
Somatic and Germline Genomic Alterations in Very Young Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Waks Adrienne G. , Kim Dewey , Jain Esha , Snow Craig , Kirkner Gregory J. , Rosenberg Shoshana M. , Oh Coyin , Poorvu Philip D. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Schapira Lidia , Borges Virginia F. , Come Steven E. , Brachtel Elena F. , Warner Ellen , Collins Laura C. , Partridge Ann H. , Wagle Nikhil 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose:Young age at breast cancer diagnosis correlates with unfavorable clinicopathologic features and worse outcomes compared with older women. Understanding biological differences between breast tumors in young versus older women may lead to better therapeutic approaches for younger patients.Experimental Design:We identified 100 patients ≤35 years old at nonmetastatic breast cancer diagnosis who participated in the prospective Young Women's Breast Cancer Study cohort. Tumors were assigned a surrogate intrinsic subtype based on receptor status and grade. Whole-exome sequencing of tumor and germline samples was performed. Genomic alterations were compared with older women (≥45 years old) in The Cancer Genome Atlas, according to intrinsic subtype.Results:Ninety-three tumors from 92 patients were successfully sequenced. Median age was 32.5 years; 52.7% of tumors were hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative, 28.0% HER2-positive, and 16.1% triple-negative. Comparison of young to older women (median age 61 years) with luminal A tumors (N = 28 young women) revealed three significant differences: PIK3CA alterations were more common in older patients, whereas GATA3 and ARID1A alterations were more common in young patients. No significant genomic differences were found comparing age groups in other intrinsic subtypes. Twenty-two patients (23.9%) in the Young Women's Study cohort carried a pathogenic germline variant, most commonly (13 patients, 14.1%) in BRCA1/2.Conclusions:Somatic alterations in three genes (PIK3CA, GATA3, and ARID1A) occur at different frequencies in young versus older women with luminal A breast cancer. Additional investigation of these genes and associated pathways could delineate biological susceptibilities and improve treatment options for young patients with breast cancer.See related commentary by Yehia and Eng, p. 2209
A novel pipelined carry adder design based on half adder
Authors: Alkurwy Salah Hasan , Hameed Isam Salah 
Published: January 2022

<span lang="EN-US">A new design of binary parallel adder circuit is presented in this paper. The pipeline technique is applied to implement a group of a half adder (HA) blocks to architect the proposed adder. The pipelined carry adder (PCA) method is suitable for carrying out the desired adder by using the HA circuits of XOR and AND gates. The applied technique reduces the critical path delay by 27% compared with the ripple carry adder (RCA) and relatively lowers logic gates by 55% compared with the carry look-ahead adder (CLA). The coded design of the proposed circuit is implemented and simulated on the Cyclone IV FPGA kit platform. Results show that the circuit needs a 7.69 ƞ Sec delay time to provide the output values. The suggested PCA circuit is more attractive than the conventional ripple carry adder for future electronic applications. </span>
Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and Antihypertensive Medication Adherence in a Medicaid Cohort
Authors: Wilder Marcee E. , Zheng Zhanonian , Zeger Scott L. , Elmi Angelo , Katz Richard J. , Li Yixuan , Mccarthy Melissa L. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Little is known about the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH) and medication adherence among Medicaid beneficiaries with hypertension.

Methods:
We conducted a posthoc subgroup analysis of 3044 adult Medicaid beneficiaries who enrolled in a parent prospective cohort study and had a diagnosis of hypertension based on their Medicaid claims during a 24-month period before study enrollment. We calculated the proportion of days covered by at least one antihypertensive medication during the first 12 months after study enrollment using the prescription claims data. We measured numerous SDH at the time of study enrollment and we categorized our hypertension cohort into 4 social risk groups based on their response profiles to the SDH variables. We compared the mean proportion of days covered by the different levels of the SDH factors. We modeled the odds of being covered by an antihypertensive medication daily throughout the follow-up period by social risk group, adjusted for age, sex, and disease severity using a generalized linear model.

Results:
The nonrandom sample was predominately Black (93%), female (62%) and had completed high school (77%). The mean proportion of days covered varied significantly by different SDH, such as food insecurity (49%–56%), length of time living at present place (47%–57%), smoking status (50%–56%), etc. Social risk group was a significant predictor of medication adherence. Participants in the 2 groups with the most social risks were 36% (adjusted odds ratio=0.64 [95% CI, 0.53–0.78]) and 20% (adjusted odds ratio=0.80 [95% CI, 0.70–0.93]) less adherent to their hypertension therapy compared with participants in the group with the fewest social risks.

Conclusions:
Social risks are associated with lower antihypertensive medication adherence in the Medicaid population.
Cause of the Intense Tropics-Wide Tropospheric Warming in Response to El Niño
Authors: Hogikyan A. , Resplandy L. , Fueglistaler S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDuring El Niño events, a strong tropics-wide warming of the free troposphere is observed (of order 1 K at 300 hPa). This warming plays an important role for the teleconnection processes associated with El Niño but it remains unclear what initiates this warming. Since convective quasi-equilibrium only holds in regions of deep convection, the strong free-tropospheric warming implies that the warmest surface waters (where atmospheric deep convection occurs) must warm during El Niño. We analyze the evolution of the oceanic mixed layer heat budget over El Niño events as function of sea surface temperature (SST). Data from the ERA5 and an unforced simulation of a coupled climate model both confirm that SSTs during an El Niño event increase at the high end of the SST distribution. The data show that this is due to an anomalous heat flux from the atmosphere into the ocean caused by a decrease in evaporation due anomalously weak low-level winds (i.e., relative to the wind speed observed in the domain of deep convection in the climatological base state). It is hypothesized that the more zonally symmetric circulation during El Niño is responsible for the weakening of low-level winds. The result of a substantial heat flux into the ocean in the domain of atmospheric deep convection (the opposite of the canonical heat flux out of the ocean into the atmosphere observed in the cold eastern Pacific) caused by a decrease in low-level wind speed implies that the prominent tropospheric warming results from mechanical forcing.
Near-Inertial Wave Energetics Modulated by Background Flows in a Global Model Simulation
Authors: Raja Keshav J. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Shriver Jay F. , Arbic Brian K. , Siyanbola Oladeji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study the generation, propagation, and dissipation of wind-generated near-inertial waves (NIWs) in a global 1/25° Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulation with realistic atmospheric forcing and background circulation during 30 days in May–June 2019. The time-mean near-inertial wind power input and depth-integrated energy balance terms are computed for the total fields and the fields decomposed into vertical modes to differentiate between the radiative and (locally) dissipative components of NIW energy. Only 30.3% of the near-inertial wind input projects onto the first five modes, whereas the sum of the NIW energy in the first five modes adds up to 58% of the total NIW energy. Almost all of the depth-integrated NIW horizontal energy flux projects on the first five modes. The global distribution of dissipation and decay distances of NIW modes confirm that lower latitudes are a sink for NIW energy generated at higher latitudes. The locally dissipated fraction of NIW energyqlocalis found to be uniform throughout the global ocean, with a global mean value of 0.79. The horizontal NIW fluxes diverge from areas with cyclonic vorticity and converge in areas with anticyclonic vorticity; that is, anticyclonic eddies are a sink for NIW energy fluxes—in particular, for higher modes. Most of the residual energy that does not project onto modes propagates downward in anticyclonic eddies. The global near-inertial wind power input is 0.21 TW for the 30 days, of which only 19% is transmitted below 500-m depth.
Eupalinilide B as a novel anti-cancer agent that inhibits proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in laryngeal cancer cells
Authors: Jiang Linlin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xinran 
Published: January 2022

Objective To investigate the anti-cancer effects and potential mechanisms of eupalinilide B in laryngeal cancer cells. Methods Laryngeal cancer cell lines were selected to study the anti-tumor effects of eupalinilide B in vitro and in vivo. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) activity was assessed in vitro and dialysis experiments were performed to identify the anti-tumor target of the drug. Results Eupalinilide B concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation of laryngeal cancer cells, exhibiting potent inhibitory activity against TU686 (IC50 = 6.73 µM), TU212 (IC50 = 1.03 µM), M4e (IC50 = 3.12 µM), AMC-HN-8 (IC50 = 2.13 µM), Hep-2 (IC50 = 9.07 µM), and LCC cells (IC50 = 4.20 µM). Subsequent target verification experiments demonstrated that eupalinilide B selectively and reversibly inhibited LSD1. Furthermore, eupalinilide B, as a natural product, suppressed epithelial–mesenchymal transition in TU212 cells. An in vivo experiment further indicated that eupalinilide B could significantly reduce the growth of tumors in TU212 xenograft mouse models. Conclusions Eupalinilide B might be a novel LSD1 inhibitor for treating laryngeal cancer.