bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Semi‐Analytical Solution for Heat Transport in Rock With Parallel Fractures and a Heat Source in Both Fracture and Matrix
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Long , Novakowski Kent , Kueper Bernard H. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent decades, numerous analytical solutions have been developed to quantify temperature perturbations in fractured rock having mobile and immobile fluid phases. The assumption of one‐dimensional heat conduction in the matrix, or neglecting heat dispersion and storage in fractures, however, are typical simplifications adopted to overcome the difficulties in mathematically representing the problem. In this study, we propose a two‐dimensional semi‐analytical solution framework based on Green's function approach for a flexible heat source definition, including source dimensions, energy delivery strength and duration, and the presence of a heat source in the matrix and/or fracture. The solution fully accounts for heat conduction, advection, dispersion, and transient heat exchange between the fracture fluid and rock matrix in a system of parallel fractures. The solution having a strip heat source extending from a fracture into the matrix indicates that one‐dimensional heat conduction in the matrix underestimates and overestimates temperature responses at early and later times, respectively. Additionally, the temperature peak arrival time is also substantially delayed by simplification. The fracture temperature grows slower near the heat source area as the fracture aperture increases. The fracture temperature growth is enhanced via the overlapped heating areas between the parallel fractures. The transient temperature analyses imply that the spatial temperature variation is strongly associated with heat delivery strength. The early time temperature variances are closely related to the heat source configurations, and the later time temperatures in the domain are mainly determined by the total energy being delivered into the domain.
The Impact of Climate Change on Operational Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimates
Authors: Visser J. B. , Kim S. , Wasko C. , Nathan R. , Sharma A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe safety of high‐risk water infrastructure, such as dams and nuclear power plants, is often assessed by reference to their ability to accommodate floods derived from the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). However, a key shortcoming of traditional PMP estimates is the assumption of a stationary climate, with evidence indicating that key meteorological conditions related to the magnitudes of extreme storms, such as atmospheric moisture, are changing in a warming climate. Due to the pragmatic nature of PMP methods derived for design purposes, inferring potential changes in PMP estimates based solely on trends or projections of atmospheric variables can ignore PMP method complexities and constraints. Here we explore how different traditional PMP methods will respond to a potential increase in atmospheric moisture. We find that increases in persisting dewpoint will lead to increases in PMP estimates, and the nature of this impact depends on whether the moisture maximization step is based on local or transposed regional information. An historical trend analysis reveals annual maximum persisting dewpoint temperatures have increased continuously over Australia over the past 60 years, with further increases predicted over the coming decades for all Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). PMP estimates across Australia are predicated to increase by an average value of 13% by 2100 based on the conservative SSP1‐2.6, compared to 33% for SSP5‐8.5. We conclude PMP methods will require regular updating to account for changing persisting dewpoints and likely progressive increases in PMP, and the ensuing flood estimates.
A Hybrid Framework for Rapidly Locating Transition Zones: A Comparison of Event‐ and Response‐Based Return Water Levels in the Suwannee River FL
Authors: Jane R. A. , Malagón‐Santos V. , Rashid M. M. , Doebele L. , Wahl T. , Timmers S. R. , Serafin K. A. , Schmied L. , Lindemer C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFlood risk assessments commonly use event‐based approaches to reduce the number of scenarios required to be run through computationally intensive physical process models. Often the return period of the response variable (e.g., a fluvial water level or overtopping discharge) generated by an event (e.g., upstream/downstream water level or set of sea state variables) does not match that of the event itself; a limitation of event‐based approaches which can lead to the misspecification of flood risk. We present a transferable hybrid statistical‐hydraulic modeling framework for rapidly locating transition zones; river reaches where extreme water levels are driven by both upstream riverine discharge and downstream sea level. Instead of an event‐based approach the framework utilizes a surrogate model to reduce computational expense of the hydraulic model. The surrogate‐based approach allows the empirical estimation of response‐based along‐river return levels from a large number of plausible discharge–coastal still water level events simulated from the statistical model. We assess the robustness of the event‐based approach by comparing the associated return levels with the response‐based return levels. The framework is applied to the Suwannee River in Florida (United States). Three surrogate models are evaluated, highlighting the enhanced ability of non‐linear models to accurately capture discharge‐sea level interactions along the river. The along‐river return levels of the “most‐likely” design event are found to lie within the range of variability of the response‐based return levels for most of the transition zone.
Large Wood in Small Channels: A 20‐Year Study of Budgets and Piece Mobility in Two Redwood Streams
Authors: Lininger K. B. , Hilton S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLarge wood (LW) influences geomorphic and ecological processes. However, most field data sets describing LW dynamics are conducted over the span of only a few years. We present a unique long‐term data set from northern California, USA of LW volumes, inputs, and transport in two small headwater streams, the North Fork (NF) and South Fork (SF) of Caspar Creek. We used data collected approximately every 2 years from 1998 to 2018 to assess how LW budgets change over time between catchments, what factors influence inputs from standing trees to the streams, and controls on LW piece mobility. We find that the SF, which experienced stream‐side logging and instream wood removal in the 1970s, continued to have lower LW volumes (range of 101–153 m3 km−1 over the 20‐year period) compared to the NF (range of 297–313 m3 km−1), which experienced logging in the 1980s but with buffer strips left near the channel. If current trends continue, it will likely take ∼100–200 years from the time of logging for the SF to reach NF instream wood volumes. We show that windstorms combined with precipitation events, very high winds, and hillslope steepness are strongly associated with LW piece inputs from standing trees. LW moves infrequently in the channel, with piece characteristics, the number of wood pieces per meter surrounding an LW piece, and discharge metrics influencing LW entrainment and displacement lengths. Our data set provides strong support to previously identified controls on LW dynamics in streams while also capturing variability over a 20‐year period.
Preclinical efficacy of azacitidine and venetoclax for infant KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals a new therapeutic strategy
Authors: Cheung Laurence C. , Aya-Bonilla Carlos , Cruickshank Mark N. , Chiu Sung K. , Kuek Vincent , Anderson Denise , Chua Grace-Alyssa , Singh Sajla , Oommen Joyce , Ferrari Emanuela , Hughes Anastasia M. , Ford Jette , Kunold Elena , Hesselman Maria C. , Post Frederik , Faulk Kelly E. , Breese Erin H. , Guest Erin M. , Brown Patrick A. , Loh Mignon L. , Lock Richard B. , Kees Ursula R. , Jafari Rozbeh , Malinge Sébastien , Kotecha Rishi S. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInfants with KMT2A-rearranged B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a dismal prognosis. Survival outcomes have remained static in recent decades despite treatment intensification and novel therapies are urgently required. KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL cells are characterized by an abundance of promoter hypermethylation and exhibit high BCL-2 expression, highlighting potential for therapeutic targeting. Here, we show that hypomethylating agents exhibit in vitro additivity when combined with most conventional chemotherapeutic agents. However, in a subset of samples an antagonistic effect was seen between several agents. This was most evident when hypomethylating agents were combined with methotrexate, with upregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporters identified as a potential mechanism. Single agent treatment with azacitidine and decitabine significantly prolonged in vivo survival in KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL xenografts. Treatment of KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL cell lines with azacitidine and decitabine led to differential genome-wide DNA methylation, changes in gene expression and thermal proteome profiling revealed the target protein-binding landscape of these agents. The selective BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax, exhibited in vitro additivity in combination with hypomethylating or conventional chemotherapeutic agents. The addition of venetoclax to azacitidine resulted in a significant in vivo survival advantage indicating the therapeutic potential of this combination to improve outcome for infants with KMT2A-rearranged ALL.
Mitochondria play an essential role in the trajectory of adolescent neurodevelopment and behavior in adulthood: evidence from a schizophrenia rat model
Authors: Ene Hila M. , Karry Rachel , Farfara Dorit , Ben-Shachar Dorit 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAmple evidence implicate mitochondria in early brain development. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is only circumstantial data for mitochondria involvement in late brain development occurring through adolescence, a critical period in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia. In schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction has been repeatedly reported. Here we show a causal link between mitochondrial transplantation in adolescence and brain functioning in adulthood. We show that transplantation of allogenic healthy mitochondria into the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats was beneficial in a rat model of schizophrenia, while detrimental in healthy control rats. Specifically, disparate initial changes in mitochondrial function and inflammatory response were associated with opposite long-lasting changes in proteome, neurotransmitter turnover, neuronal sprouting and behavior in adulthood. A similar inverse shift in mitochondrial function was also observed in human lymphoblastoid cells deived from schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects due to the interference of the transplanted mitochondria with their intrinsic mitochondrial state. This study provides fundamental insights into the essential role of adolescent mitochondrial homeostasis in the development of normal functioning adult brain. In addition, it supports a therapeutic potential for mitochondria manipulation in adolescence in disorders with neurodevelopmental and bioenergetic deficits, such as schizophrenia, yet emphasizes the need to monitor individuals’ state including their mitochondrial function and immune response, prior to intervention.
A micropeptide JunBP regulated by TGF-β promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Liao Zhibin , Wang Weijian , Liu Yachong , Zhu He , Liang Huifang , Zhang Bixiang , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays important roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are important components of TGF-β signaling pathway and perform their functions through different mechanisms. Here, we found that LINC02551 was activated by TGF-β transcriptionally and identified a 174-amino-acid peptide, Jun binding micropeptide (JunBP), encoded by LINC02551 in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Functional study showed that JunBP promotes HCC metastasis through binding to c-Jun and subsequent promotion of its phosphorylated activation. Activated c-Jun has higher binding affinity to SMAD3, which in turn leads to more SMAD3 recruited to the promoter region of LINC02551. We find a positive feedback among them, and this mechanism provides a novel potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of hoarding symptoms in 27,651 individuals
Authors: Strom Nora I. , Smit Dirk J. A. , Silzer Talisa , Iyegbe Conrad , Burton Christie L. , Pool René , Lemire Mathieu , Crowley James J. , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Ivanov Volen Z. , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Magnusson Patrik , Rück Christian , Schachar Russell J. , Wu Hei Man , Meier Sandra M. , Crosbie Jennifer , Arnold Paul D. , Mattheisen Manuel , Boomsma Dorret I. , Mataix-Cols David , Cath Danielle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHoarding Disorder (HD) is a mental disorder characterized by persistent difficulties discarding or parting with possessions, often resulting in cluttered living spaces, distress, and impairment. Its etiology is largely unknown, but twin studies suggest that it is moderately heritable. In this study, we pooled phenotypic and genomic data from seven international cohorts (N = 27,651 individuals) and conducted a genome wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of parent- or self-reported hoarding symptoms (HS). We followed up the results with gene-based and gene-set analyses, as well as leave-one-out HS polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. To examine a possible genetic association between hoarding symptoms and other phenotypes we conducted cross-trait PRS analyses. Though we did not report any genome-wide significant SNPs, we report heritability estimates for the twin-cohorts between 26–48%, and a SNP-heritability of 11% for an unrelated sub-cohort. Cross-trait PRS analyses showed that the genetic risk for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder were significantly associated with hoarding symptoms. We also found suggestive evidence for an association with educational attainment. There were no significant associations with other phenotypes previously linked to HD, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. To conclude, we found that HS are heritable, confirming and extending previous twin studies but we had limited power to detect any genome-wide significant loci. Much larger samples will be needed to further extend these findings and reach a “gene discovery zone”. To move the field forward, future research should not only include genetic analyses of quantitative hoarding traits in larger samples, but also in samples of individuals meeting strict diagnostic criteria for HD, and more ethnically diverse samples.
A nationwide survey of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy presenting to the hospital eye service in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yusuf Imran H. , Han Ruofan C. , Downes Susan M. , Sharma Srilakshmi M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The risk of developing hydroxychloroquine retinopathy is considered sufficient to justify national monitoring programmes. There are an estimated 71,144–77,170 long-term hydroxychloroquine users in the UK. However, the number of patients diagnosed with retinopathy is unknown. This study aimed to identify the number of cases and clinical characteristics of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy diagnosed annually in hospital eye services across the UK.

Methods
A nationwide, prospective case ascertainment study was undertaken using the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit, which sends approximately 1420 reporting cards to UK Ophthalmologists monthly. The case definition was two abnormal tests suggestive of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Demographic and clinical data relating to hydroxychloroquine use and retinopathy were collected from identified cases using a standardised questionnaire over a 1-year period (2018–2019).

Results
Sixty-six cases of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy were reported, and 46 questionnaires were received (73% response rate). Twenty-four incident cases of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy were identified (24-43 cases following adjustment). The median duration of drug therapy was 19 years (range: 4–50 years, IQR: 14.5–23 years). Fourteen patients were asymptomatic, and 9 symptomatic at diagnosis. A trend towards a lower mean deviation on visual field testing was observed in the symptomatic group (−11.55 dB versus −6.9 dB; P = 0.15).

Conclusion
Between 1 in 1655 and 3215 (0.03–0.06%) long-term hydroxychloroquine users were diagnosed with retinopathy over the study period. We estimate that monitoring was available for 1.9–3.8% of long-term users, accounting for a lower than expected incidence. The high proportion of symptomatic retinopathy at diagnosis underlines the importance of monitoring to detect pre-symptomatic disease.
General invariance and equilibrium conditions for lattice dynamics in 1D, 2D, and 3D materials
Authors: Lin Changpeng , Poncé Samuel , Marzari Nicola 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe long-wavelength behavior of vibrational modes plays a central role in carrier transport, phonon-assisted optical properties, superconductivity, and thermomechanical and thermoelectric properties of materials. Here, we present general invariance and equilibrium conditions of the lattice potential; these allow to recover the quadratic dispersions of flexural phonons in low-dimensional materials, in agreement with the phenomenological model for long-wavelength bending modes. We also prove that for any low-dimensional material the bending modes can have a purely out-of-plane polarization in the vacuum direction and a quadratic dispersion in the long-wavelength limit. In addition, we propose an effective approach to treat invariance conditions in crystals with non-vanishing Born effective charges where the long-range dipole-dipole interactions induce a contribution to the lattice potential and stress tensor. Our approach is successfully applied to the phonon dispersions of 158 two-dimensional materials, highlighting its critical relevance in the study of phonon-mediated properties of low-dimensional materials.
A population-based cohort study on the risk of obstructive lung disease after bilateral oophorectomy
Authors: Nguyen Trinh T. , Smith Carin Y. , Gazzuola Rocca Liliana , Rocca Walter A. , Vassallo Robert , Dulohery Scrodin Megan M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that sex hormones may impact the development of obstructive lung disease (OLD). Therefore, we studied the effect of bilateral oophorectomy (oophorectomy) on the development of OLD. Women were identified from the Mayo Clinic Cohort Study of Oophorectomy and Aging-2. Data were collected using the Rochester Epidemiology Project records-linkage system. A total of 1653 women who underwent oophorectomy and 1653 referent women of similar age were assessed for OLD using diagnostic codes and medical record abstraction. Women who underwent oophorectomy had an overall higher risk of all OLD, all chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and chronic bronchitis but not of all asthma, confirmed asthma, or confirmed COPD. The association with all OLD was stronger in women who were age ≤45 years at oophorectomy, never smokers, non-obese, and in women with benign indications; however, the interactions were not statistically significant. There was an increased risk of all asthma in women age ≤45 years at oophorectomy who took estrogen therapy. Never smokers of all ages had a stronger association of oophorectomy with all asthma and all COPD, whereas smokers had a stronger association of oophorectomy with emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Non-obese women of all ages had a stronger association of oophorectomy with all COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis. The results of this study combined with the increased risk of several chronic diseases reported in previous studies suggest that oophorectomy in premenopausal women should be avoided unless there is clear evidence of a high genetic risk of ovarian cancer.
Stronger gut microbiome modulatory effects by postbiotics than probiotics in a mouse colitis model
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Weiqin , Feng Cuijiao , Kwok Lai-Yu , He Qiuwen , Sun Zhihong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProbiotics are increasingly used as adjunctive therapy to manage gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis. However, probiotic use has posed some safety concerns. Thus, postbiotics are proposed as alternatives to probiotics in clinical applications. However, no study has directly compared the clinical benefits of probiotics and postbiotics. This study compared the beneficial effect of postbiotics and probiotics derived from the strain, Bifidobacterium adolescentis B8589, in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental colitis mouse model. Four groups of mice (n = 7 per group) were included in this work: Control (received water plus saline), DSS (received DSS without postbiotic/probiotic), Postbiotic (received DSS plus postbiotic), and Probiotic (received DSS plus probiotic). Our results showed that intragastric administration of both probiotic and postbiotic ameliorated colitis, reflected by decreased histology scores in Postbiotic and Probiotic groups compared with DSS group (P < 0.05). The fecal microbiota alpha diversity was not significantly affected by DSS-, postbiotic, or probiotic treatment. However, the postbiotic treatment showed stronger effects on modulating the fecal microbiota beta diversity, composition, and metagenomic potential than the probiotic treatment. Overall, our findings suggested that probiotics and postbiotics had similar ability to improve disease phenotype but had distinct ability to regulate the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways in the context of ulcerative colitis. In view of the smaller safety concern of postbiotics compared with probiotics and its stronger modulatory effect on the host gut microbiota, we propose that postbiotics are to be considered for use as next-generation biotherapeutics in managing ulcerative colitis or even other diseases.
Systematic review of primary and booster COVID-19 sera neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant
Authors: Sitaras Ioannis , Jacobsen Henning , Higdon Melissa M. , Dowling William E. , Bar-Zeev Naor , Deloria Knoll Maria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVirus neutralization data using post-vaccination sera are an important tool in informing vaccine use policy decisions, however, they often pose interpretive challenges. We systematically reviewed the pre-print and published literature for neutralization studies against Omicron using sera collected after both primary and booster vaccination. We found a high proportion of post-primary vaccination sera were not responding against Omicron but boosting increased both neutralizing activity and percent of responding sera. We recommend reporting percent of responders alongside neutralization data to portray vaccine neutralization ability more accurately.