bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
My Own Backyard
Authors: Bunch Ryan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The MGM film The Wizard of Oz (1939) adapts L. Frank Baum’s book to the conventions of the classical Hollywood musical. As collaborative art, its middle-American values are in dialogue with its subcultural sensibilities, contributed by queer, Jewish, and other minority collaborators. Its aesthetics involve an interplay of child-like make-believe, vaudeville, and the integrated musical. “Over the Rainbow” is a model of the musical theater “I want” song, expressing an American utopian dream that appeals to mainstream and marginal audiences. In their journey through Oz, Dorothy and her traveling companions practice the gestures of musical theater in the conscious performance of American identities. Audiences receive the film earnestly or as camp, decoding its cultural meanings about home and Oz while rewatching and reenacting the film.
The Intimate State
Authors: Chettiar Teri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Intimate State tells the story of how intimate relationships acquired political and cultural resonance in Britain during the transformative decades following WWII. Long before the late-1960s feminist proclamation, “the personal is political,” private family life attained profound political importance through the work of prominent psychiatrists, psychologists, social scientists, politicians, and social reformers in Britain. During the early decades of the Cold War, a new generation of self-styled relationship experts made the compelling case that emotional “health” was forged within the intimate space of the loving, nuclear family and formed the bedrock of responsible democratic citizenship. The new emphasis on emotional relationships transformed British politics as the emerging welfare state assumed responsibility for protecting citizens’ emotional wellbeing. But many groups either oppressed by or excluded from this ideal intimate heteronormative family mobilized against this new emotional vision of the modern political order. Movements advocating for the rights of women, queer people, and adolescents seeking a greater range of political rights focused on the serious emotional harms caused by being either excessively trapped within or excluded from the idealized nuclear family. By the 1970s, such efforts to claim a more inclusive model of intimacy that provided space for transformed gender roles, non-monogamous romance, non-traditional families, and friendship-based political activism, became the basis for both socio-political reform and new models of healthy emotional life. This book traces both the emergence of a new vision of social modernity, focused on emotion, in Britain after 1945 and the exclusions and resistance that repeatedly threatened to upend it.
Introduction
Authors: Arban Erika 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of the Introduction is to present the purpose and main themes discussed in the edited volume Cities in Federal Constitutional Theory. The book takes as its point of departure the importance of cities and urbanization in recent decades. Because of their unique features, cities have become sites of conflict and innovation, solidarity and cohabitation of diverse people, thus expressing tensions between diversity and social cohesion. While in the past decades an important body of scholarship has blossomed in the social sciences exploring the multifaceted reality of cities through different epistemological lenses, this intellectual production has not been matched by an equally vibrant scholarship in (comparative) constitutional law and federalism theory, where the city as an independent subject of scholarly theorization and investigation has remained largely neglected. There is thus a need to develop a thicker theoretical framework in which the debate on the role and place of cities in constitutional law and federalism can be situated. As explained in the Introduction, the volume thus offers a fresh theoretical account of cities as federalism subjects. All chapters introduce the city as a constitutional unit of analysis in federalism, and directly address the relationship between cities, federalism, and localism (or subsidiarity).
Cities in Federal Systems
Authors: Hirschl Ran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter considers two questions concerning the constitutional status of cities in federal systems. First, what is the significance of the federal/unitary distinction in determining the constitutional status of cities? It is suggested, in a nutshell, that the evidence is mixed and inconclusive, and that ultimately the Global North/Global South distinction, and in particular the tendency towards stagnation in the former versus a tendency towards innovation in the latter appears more significant than the federal/unitary dimension in assessing the constitutional status of cities. Second, what do national constitutions say about the urban/rural divide—one of the most significant factors in contemporary politics—and how significant is the federal/unitary dimension in addressing that challenge? Here too, the data suggest that despite the central place of subsidiarity and local autonomy in federalism theory, the constitutions of federal countries are no more likely than the constitutions of unitary states to commit to addressing the urban/rural divide. This in turn raises the possibility that federal constitutional theory’s preoccupation with traditional subnational unit boundaries may in fact lead to conceptual rigidity and institutional path dependence when it comes to addressing new spatial challenges such as urban agglomeration, the rise of megacities, or the increasing salience of the urban/rural divide. It may also suggest that whether federalism is favourable or unfavourable to cities is merely an auxiliary question to other more pertinent factors such as the North/South distinction, constitutional ‘newness’ or malleability, and concerted political will to constitutionally strengthen cities.
Constitutional Theory, Federalism, and Cities
Authors: Kong Hoi L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter will argue that cities should be understood in light of a specific constitutional theory of federalism. Section I argues for a particular version of republican theory that justifies constitutionally entrenching a division of powers between territorially defined jurisdictions. Section II argues that cities and their residents have interests and characteristics that can be described and understood in the terms of this republican theory. Section III argues that according to a general theory of constitutional change, the Canadian Constitution should be amended to entrench the status of cities. The chapter concludes by showing how entrenchment in the Canadian context serves republican ends and by offering policy prescriptions for achieving entrenchment. This chapter contributes to an emerging theoretical debate about whether federations should constitutionally entrench the jurisdictional status of their cities. In the context of this debate, conceptual and normative arguments are advanced. Some arguments are conceptual, in that they aim to show how the reasons supporting entrenchment in this context are consistent with the reasons supporting entrenchment in federations, generally. Other arguments are normative, in that they advance republican claims that are available to individual city dwellers, as well as to cities that have distinct cultural identities.
The Self-legitimation of Global Governance Institutions
Authors: Stappert Nora , Gregoratti Catia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter compares the normative justifications that global governance institutions (GGIs) provide in their public statements in order to legitimate themselves and through which they give reasons for their right to rule. Drawing on a comprehensive content analysis of annual reports published by nine GGIs between 1985 and 2017, the chapter analyzes the normative underpinnings of legitimation regarding the core purpose, procedures, and performance of GGIs. Moreover, it explores whether these justifications have been subject to change. The chapter shows that the main purpose that GGIs communicated has stayed remarkably stable over time. It emphasizes the central, but at times overlooked, role of legality in purpose-based normative justifications. Justifications concerning GGI procedures and performance, in turn, were more amenable to change. The chapter demonstrates that economic and regional GGIs more frequently relied on technocratic norms, while multistakeholder institutions were more likely to refer to democratic norms. In the case of GGIs with a comparatively high level of authority, such self-legitimation invoking democratic norms increased following periods of contestation of the institution’s authority. Such an increase, however, was typically only temporary.
Justifying Delegitimation
Authors: Gregoratti Catia , Stappert Nora , Söderbaum Fredrik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on delegitimation and asks how far the institutional set-up of global governance institutions determines which normative justifications are raised to challenge their legitimacy. Specifically, it compares the normative justifications used by African states and civil society organizations to delegitimate the African Union (AU), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and the Kimberley Process. Such a focus not only responds to calls for Global International Relations, but also explores regional dynamics in delegitimation practices that are often overlooked in extant literature on legitimacy in global governance. The chapter draws on a range of statements made by African states and civil society organizations, additional documents, and qualitative interviews, enabling the comparative case studies to probe key institutionalist and structuralist theoretical expectations. It asks whether differing institutional set-ups or a shared history of colonialism results in continuing power hierarchies that shape normative justifications of delegitimation practices. The chapter highlights the importance of underlying power hierarchies for delegitimation practices, as it finds support for structuralist expectations across the three cases. However, it also outlines important synergies between institutionalist and structuralist expectations.
Border Control, Privatisation, and the State
Authors: Zedner Lucia , Bosworth Mary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This opening chapter introduces the collection of twelve essays, which explore the increasing role of the private sector and private actors in border control and its implications for state sovereignty and citizenship. It sets out the Editors’ main aims, questions posed to contributors, and the collection’s overall structure and key themes. It describes a first section on the limits of state sovereignty, whose essays examine complex interactions between public and private actors in controlling the border. It explains how essays in the second section explore the implications of privatisation for legitimacy and the rule of law at the border. It describes those in the third section that consider whether privatisation is better understood as outsourcing, expanding, or undermining state authority, and assess its impact on those subject to detention and deportation. It then introduces the final set of essays that examine differing practices of privatisation at the border, involving a cast of actors ranging from private citizens and civil society organisations to corporate actors and data managers. The chapter concludes by observing that, collectively, the essays disclose what privatising border control reveals about the limits of the sovereign state.
The Legal Concept of Work
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Drawing on a Marxian-inspired theoretical framework, The Legal Concept of Work develops an analysis of the legal constitution, conceptualization, and regulation of work as a lens through which to explore the emancipatory potential of law, and to understand whether, and if so how, law can be used to further struggles for structural and not merely surface-level change. The book explores how productive activities of various sorts come to be conceptualized as work; how they, the capacities required to perform them, and the persons who possess those capacities, come to be valued, or devalued, in various contexts; and how, and why, perceptions of these matters change over time. In exploring these questions, the book focuses specifically on the role of law and legal concepts in this process, how the law comes to constitute some forms of human labour as work and some forms of human labour as non-work; and how this legal constitution impacts upon the way in which work comes to be regulated, organized, and valued. As part of this analysis, the book presents a series of case studies, including of the publishing industry, academia, medicine, and retail, with a view to illustrating some of the distinctive regulatory challenges to which different types of work give rise, depending on their function in the context of capitalism.
The Legal Constitution of Work
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the theoretical framework underpinning the book in more depth. It develops a Marxian inspired social ontology of capitalism with a view to shedding more light on law’s structural relationship with capitalist social relations. This allows it to develop a preliminary understanding of the law’s role in the construction, and regulation, of work, and, in particular, the relationship between this and what we commonly refer to as labour law. This allows us to gain an insight into the particular way in which questions of employment status, and the problem of exploitation, come to be conceptualized in law, as a result of the constraints imposed on legal analysis by the legal form.
Work and Employment Status Juridical Conceptions of Dependent Working Relations
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of the law’s conceptualization of the wage-relation, exploring the techniques used by the courts and legislators when deciding matters of employment status. In so doing, it seeks to shed new light on how certain factors come to be associated in law with the wage-relation, and how these factors influence the scope of the protective labour legislation that has gradually developed to regulate it. It shows how the courts’ approach, as seen in modern cases involving the gig-economy, relate to shifting understandings forged through pre-capitalist labour legislation, the master and servant legislation, the Truck Acts, and the National Insurance Acts of 1911 and 1946, while relating these shifts to wider transformations in the legal form throughout the development of Capitalism.
Retail Work
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the nature of retail work through the lens of the work of shop assistants. The purpose of this is to explore how the function of realization to which this work contributes influences the orientation, organization, and management of retail work, and the implications of this for the way in which retail work comes to be valued, regulated, and conceived. The chapter traces the gradual deskilling of the shop assistant, but shows how this has gone hand in hand with a growing emphasis on the importance placed on emotional and affective labour as a way for retailers to maintain a competitive advantage. This leads to certain contradictions in the organization and regulation of retail work, which helps to explain some of the features of the way in which it is organized and regulated, today.
Comments on Rachel Barney, ‘Intellectualism and the Method of Hypothesis in Plato’s Early Dialogues’
Authors: Irwin Terence 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The main topics of these comments on Rachel Barney’s paper are: (1) Aristotle’s treatment of Socratic Intellectualism. (2) Socrates’ conditions for affirming a specific view as his doctrine. (3) Does Socrates regard intellectualism as his doctrine? (4) How does Plato understand ‘hypotheses’? What sorts of hypotheses are also affirmed as doctrine? (5) What sort of hypothesis is Socratic Intellectualism? (6) The relation of Socratic virtue to some contemporary moral conflicts.
Courage and Pleasure in Aristotle’s Ethics
Authors: Woolf Raphael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
According to Aristotle the happy life is the life of virtue, specifically the life in which we actively exercise our virtue. The happy life is also, for Aristotle, a pleasant life. Yet the virtue of courage might indicate a tension in his position, since its exercise seems to bring with it a substantial risk to the agent of suffering pain and fear. This chapter argues that Aristotle conceives of the courageous agent as feeling little or no fear in the performance of their courageous activities, and that these activities even produce a certain pleasure for the agent. This conception is best explained by Aristotle’s conviction that the good life must be a pleasant one. Since he holds that the good life consists in the exercise of one’s virtues, his strategy is to present this exercise, with courage a paradigm case, in the most pleasant light that he can.
Phoretic Active Matter
Authors: Golestanian Ramin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The force-free nature of interfacial transport processes that are collectively terms as phoretic mechanisms (such as diffusiophoresis, electrophoresis, thermophoresis, etc) affords the possibility of designing self-propelled particles, e.g. Janus particles with built-in sources that arise from catalytic activity or light-induced heating. A key aspect of the nonequilibrium phoretic mechanisms that are used to design self-propulsion is that they lead to the creation of thermodynamic fields (such as concentration field, electrostatic potential, temperature profile, etc) that mediate effective long-range interactions by the very nature of their nonequilibrium activity. The existence of such long-range fields implies that theoretical descriptions of self-propelled particles with short-range equilibrium-type interactions might be unrealistic when it comes to systems that rely on phoretic mechanisms for self-propulsion. Here, a comprehensive account of the theory of phoretic active matter is presented, covering a wide range of length scales, from chemically active molecules such as enzymes to active colloids and chemotactic cells.
Introduction
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For centuries—in fact since the time of Daniel Defoe—British people have claimed that theirs is the land of fair play. This book argues that there is indeed a culture of fair play in Britain, and that while some have attributed it to the influence of gentlemanly ideals in the formative period of our national sports, in fact it goes back much further, to the Anglo-Saxon period, and that it is to be credited at least as much to the ordinary people of the country as to its elites. Fair play has its opposite, reflected in the picaresque culture which celebrates the panache shown by the trickster, and this too has been a strong tradition in Britain, though never one which has been felt to define the national character as fair play has. There is an instinct for fairness among the more intelligent animals, not only among humans, and sociobiologists have shown how it can be squared with the realities of the survival of the fittest: but we need to be able to explain why such instincts are so often overridden by selfishness. The problem of fair play is to establish whether it was indeed a British, or alternatively an English, characteristic; if it was not, why so many people have claimed otherwise; and if it was, how that came about; what influence it has had on our national life; how those belonging to other cultures think about issues of fairness; and whether fair play still matters today.
Christianity and chivalry
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Important as the classical tradition is, the origins of the modern idea of fair play lie in the fusion of the éistian ethic with the warrior traditions of the Dark Ages. The Christian injunction to treat others, even enemies, with the consideration we would expect for ourselves is essential to the idea of fair play. As early as the 8th century we can see this attitude clearly in Beowulf’s approach to his fights with the monsters. Chrétien de Troyes’s insistence that warriors must act fairly marks the true beginning of the literature of chivalry. Its culmination in the Middle Ages is Malory’s Morte D’Arthur, where we find an ethic of competition we still recognise: no cheating, no ganging up, no hitting a man when he is down. But chivalry in the Middle Ages was not just a literary cult; in the tournament practical rules were developed over the centuries to produce the first example of a sporting activity governed by clear rules of fair play. The literary tradition of chivalry adapted itself to changing tastes and times. Spenser started to show ways in which chivalry could be made to yield more democratic implications. Shakespeare showed how the fellowship of chivalry could become the basis for new ideas which transcended the distinctions between the knightly and the lower classes. Its implications for fair play lay ready to be used once again when Sir Walter Scott rediscovered the cult of knighthood for the common reader at the turn of the 19th century.
Fair play—the popular strand
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The suggestion that fair play was particularly associated with the lower orders of England, which we first meet in the work of Daniel Defoe in 1705, was expressed many times in the 18th century. We have occasional references to fair treatment of foreigners by the English populace, and there is much evidence that ideas of fairness were integral to the reactions of crowds to food shortages and to public executions. But the explicit evidence for a popular conception of fair play is strongest in the context of spontaneous fighting. Often when people called for fair play when a brawl broke out they were looking forward to the spectacle, but their commitment to the belief that the rules must be observed was genuine. We find confirmation of this in the cult of the outlaw. Between his emergence in the later Middle Ages and the work of Joseph Ritson at the end of the 18th century Robin Hood embodied a particular kind of fair play, one that encapsulated perfectly the more popular element in the tradition: not so much the righter of wrongs at this stage as the good-humoured and boisterous hero who was always up for a fair fight.
The rise of the gentleman
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While several 18th-century writers described fair play as the mark of the common people, we seldom find anyone in that century expressing the view that it was a characteristic of the gentleman. But the steadily rising number of references to it, in a wide variety of contexts, leaves no doubt that by this time fair play was recognised as an important value by the middle and upper classes as well as their social inferiors. The English gentleman was not the absolutely central figure in the fair play tradition that some might have assumed: it was too firmly embedded in popular culture for that to be true. We have, not two different traditions of fair play, but two strands of the same tradition. Three of the activities which characterised the gentleman—hunting, horse-racing, and duelling—offered plenty of scope for the rhetoric of fair play. Hunters spoke of fair play for the fox, but ultimately it was the thrill of the chase that mattered; racehorse owners might call their thoroughbreds “Fair Play” and impose handicaps to even up the chances, but winning money was the dominant aim during these formative years of the sport. Duellists however fought their combats under a code of fair play that was taken from the judicial ordeal of the Middle Ages, even if the reasons why they fought came from a different tradition.