bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does science drive species naming, or can species naming drive science? A perspective from plant-feeding arthropods
Authors: Mlynarek Julia J. , Cull Chloe , Parachnowitsch Amy L. , Vickruck Jess L. , Heard Stephen B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHow do researchers choose their study species? Some choices are based on ecological or economic importance, some on ease of study, some on tradition – but could the name of a species influence researcher decisions? We asked whether phytophagous arthropod species named after their host plants were more likely to be assayed for host-associated genetic differentiation (or ‘HAD’; the evolution of cryptic, genetically isolated host specialists within an apparently more generalist lineage). We chose 30 arthropod species (from a Google Scholar search) for which a HAD hypothesis has been tested. We traced the etymologies of species names in the 30 corresponding genera, and asked whether HAD tests were more frequent among species whose etymologies were based on host-plant names (e.g., Eurosta solidaginis) vs. those with other etymologies (e.g., Eurosta cribata). Species with host-derived etymologies were more likely to feature in studies of HAD than those with other etymologies. We speculate that the etymology of a scientific name can draw a researcher’s attention to aspects of life-history and thus influence the direction of our scientific gaze.
Gauge-and-compass migration: inherited magnetic headings and signposts can adapt to changing geomagnetic landscapes
Authors: McLaren James D. , Schmaljohann Heiko , Blasius Bernd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundFor many migratory species, inexperienced (naïve) individuals reach remote nonbreeding areas independently using one or more inherited compass headings and, potentially, magnetic signposts to gauge where to switch between compass headings. Inherited magnetic-based migratory orientation programs have not yet been assessed as a population-level process, particularly where strong geomagnetic spatial gradients or long-term shifts could create mismatches with inherited magnetic headings. In particular, it remains unstudied whether and how, under natural selection, inherited headings and signposts could potentially adapt to long-term geomagnetic shifts.MethodsTo address these unknowns, we modelled bird migration using an evolutionary algorithm incorporating global geomagnetic data (1900-2023). Modelled population mixing incorporated both natal dispersal and trans-generational inheritance of magnetic headings and signposts, the latter including intrinsic (stochastic) variability. Using the model, we assessed robustness of signposted and non-signposted trans-hemispheric songbird migration across a rapidly magnetically-shifting Nearctic breeding region (mean 34° declination shift) via Europe to Africa.ResultsModel-evolved magnetic-signposted migration was (i) overall successful throughout the 124-year period, with 60-90% mean successful arrival across a broad range in plausible compass precision, (ii) through reduced trans-Atlantic flight distances, up to twice as successful compared with non-signposted migration, but (iii) to avoid evolving unsustainable open-ocean flights, intrinsic variability in inheritance of magnetic headings was required (model-evolved σ ≈ 2.6° standard error in inherited headings).ConclusionsOur study supports the potential long-term viability of inherited magnetic migratory headings and signposts, and illustrates more generally how inherited migratory programs can both mediate and constrain evolution of routes, in response to global environmental change.
Factors Affecting Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Northern Nigeria: A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
Authors: Orjingene Obinna , Teryila Ogojah , Baffoe Peter , Ojo Olumuyiwa 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNigeria has a maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 512 deaths per 100,000 live births, an estimate which indicates that maternal deaths are responsible for about a third of all deaths among women of reproductive age. The regional distribution of neonatal deaths in Nigeria showed that the North East region had the highest neonatal deaths. This study provides insight into identified factors and their influence on maternal and neonatal mortalities. Targeted policy implementation will emerge from the analysis of these factors with the aim of reducing the mortalities which will invariably contribute to the reduction of the global maternal and newborn mortality indexMultiple linear regression analyses using secondary time series data from the district health information system (DHIS2) for the period 2012-2021. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were also used to examine a series of predictor variables to determine those that best predict the outcome variables. Statistical significance for all regressions performed was determined at p□<□0.05.Regression results showed a negative relationship between antenatal care and neonatal mortality implying that an increase in the number of women attending ANC will lead to a reduction in neonatal mortality by about 43%. The regression result showed a positive relationship between low birth weight and neonatal mortality implying that an increase in the number of live births with low birth weight will lead to an increase in neonatal mortality by 94%. Regression analysis on factors affecting maternal mortality showed that 4th antenatal care visits and above, health facility delivery, postnatal care within 3 days for mothers, and skilled birth attendance all have a negative relationship with maternal mortality. The regression results are all statistically significant (p<0.05).The study revealed significant relationships between some factors (antenatal care, low birth weight, skilled birth attendants, health facility delivery, post-natal care for both mother and newborn) affecting maternal and neonatal mortality.
MENTAL STATUS OVERVIEW IN THE ELDERLY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A PHYLOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Andriani  , Lio Fransisca , Saleh Ariyanti , Fiqri Andi Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a change in the mental status of the elderly, namely anxiety disorders and depression. It is important to know the mental status of the elderly and the role of effective communication because elderly people are easily infected with Covid-19. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out early detection in basic health services.ObjectiveTo know the description of the mental status of the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic.MethodNon-experimental quantitative design through a descriptive survey approach. The sample size is 202 people using quota sampling technique. Collecting data through home visits and implementing Covid-19 health protocols. The instruments used were the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (Cronbach’s alpha 0.75) and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.93).ResultsThere were 50.0% did not experience depression and 44.6% had mild depression. Although small, there is a small proportion of respondents experiencing moderate depression as much as 4.5% and 1.0% experiencing severe depression. There are 77.2% experiencing mild anxiety. A total of 21.8% experienced moderate anxiety. Although a small proportion, there are respondents experiencing severe anxiety as much as 1%.ConclusionDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, most of the elderly experienced a change in mental status.SuggestionHealth workers are expected to carry out early detection of changes in mental status in the elderly.
Effects of packetization on communication dynamics in brain networks
Authors: Fukushima Makoto , Leibnitz Kenji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractComputational studies in network neuroscience build models of communication dynamics in the con-nectome that help us understand the structure-function relationships of the brain. In these models, the dynamics of cortical signal transmission in brain networks are approximated with simple propagation strategies such as random walks and shortest path routing. Furthermore, the signal transmission dynamics in brain networks are associated with the switching architectures of engineered communication systems (e.g., message switching and packet switching). However, it has been unclear how propagation strategies and switching architectures are related in models of brain network communication. Here, we investigate the effects of the difference between packet switching and message switching (i.e., whether signals are packetized or not) on the transmission efficiency of the propagation strategies when simulating signal propagation in a macaque brain network. The results show that packetization decreases the efficiency of the random walk strategy and does not change the efficiency of the shortest path strategy, but increases the efficiency of more plausible strategies for brain networks that balance between communication speed and information cost. This finding suggests an advantage of packet-switched communication in the connectome and provides new insights into modeling the communication dynamics in brain networks.
Early detection of mandible osteoradionecrosis risk in a high comorbidity Veteran population
Authors: Wilde David Chamberlayne , Kansara Sagar , Sapienza Lucas Gomez , Banner Logan , Morlen Rickey , Hernandez David , Huang Andrew Tsao , Mai Weiyuan , Fuller Clifton David , Lai Stephen , Sandulache Vlad Constantin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a devastating complication of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We sought to ascertain ORN risk in a Veteran HNSCC population treatment with definitive or adjuvant EBRT and followed prospectively.Study designRetrospective analysis of prospective cohort.SettingTertiary care Veterans Health Administration (VHA) medical center.MethodsPatients with HNSCC who initiated treatment at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC) are prospectively tracked for quality of care purposes through the end of the cancer surveillance period (5 years post treatment completion). We retrospectively analyzed this patient cohort and extracted clinical and pathologic data for 164 patients with SCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx who received definitive or adjuvant EBRT (2016-2020).ResultsMost patients were dentate and 80% underwent dental extractions prior to EBRT of which 16 (16%) had complications. The rate of ORN was 3.7% for oral cavity SCC patients and 8.1% for oropharyngeal SCC patients. Median time to ORN development was 156 days and the earliest case was detected at 127 days post EBRT completion. All ORN patients were dentate and underwent extraction prior to EBRT start.ConclusionORN development can occur early following EBRT in a Veteran population with significant comorbid conditions but overall rates are in line with the general population. Prospective tracking of HNSCC patients throughout the post-treatment surveillance period is critical to early detection of this devastating EBRT complication.
Network of hotspot interactions cluster tau amyloid folds
Authors: Mullapudi Vishruth , Vaquer-Alicea Jaime , Bommareddy Vaibhav , Vega Anthony R. , Ryder Bryan D. , White Charles L. , Diamond Marc. I. , Joachimiak Lukasz A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCryogenic electron microscopy has revealed unprecedented molecular insight into the conformation of β-sheet-rich protein amyloids linked to neurodegenerative diseases. It remains unknown how a protein can adopt a diversity of folds and form multiple distinct fibrillar structures. Here we develop an in silico alanine scan method to estimate the relative energetic contribution of each amino acid in an amyloid assembly. We apply our method to twenty-seven ex vivo and in vitro fibril structural polymorphs of the microtubule-associated protein tau. We uncover networks of energetically important interactions involving amyloid-forming motifs that stabilize the different fibril folds. We test our predictions in cellular and in vitro aggregation assays. Using a machine learning approach, we classify the structures based on residue energetics to identify distinguishing and unifying features. Our energetic profiling suggests that minimal sequence elements that control the stability of tau fibrils, allowing future design of protein sequences that fold into unique structures.
SiRCle (Signature Regulatory Clustering) model integration reveals mechanisms of phenotype regulation in renal cancer
Authors: Mora Ariane , Schmidt Christina , Balderson Brad , Frezza Christian , Bodén Mikael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumours develop and progress via complex remodelling of the kidney epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Given the subsequent tumour and inter-patient heterogeneity, drug-based treatments report limited success, calling for multi-omics studies to extract regulatory relationships, and ultimately, to develop targeted therapies. However, current methods are unable to extract nonlinear multi-omics perturbations.Here, we present SiRCle (Signature Regulatory Clustering), a novel method to integrate DNA methylation, RNA-seq and proteomics data. Applying SiRCle to a case study of ccRCC, we disentangle the layer (DNA methylation, transcription and/or translation) where dys-regulation first occurs and find the primary biological processes altered. Next, we detect regulatory differences between patient subsets by using a variational autoencoder to integrate omics’ data followed by statistical comparisons on the integrated space. In ccRCC patients, SiRCle allows to identify metabolic enzymes and cell-type-specific markers associated with survival along with the likely molecular driver behind the gene’s perturbations.
ATP synthase interactome analysis identifies Mco10 – a new modulator of permeability transition pore in yeast
Authors: Panja Chiranjit , Wiesyk Aneta , Niedźwiecka Katarzyna , Baranowska Emilia , Kucharczyk Roza 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIn S. cerevisiae, the uncharacterized protein Mco10 (Mitochondrial class one protein of 10 kDa) was previously found to be associated with mitochondrial ATP synthase and referred to as a new ‘subunit l’. However, recent cryo-EM structures of S. cerevisiae ATP synthase could not ascertain Mco10 as a structural subunit of the enzyme, either monomers or dimers, making questionable its role as a structural subunit. The N-terminal part of Mco10 is very similar to Atp19 (subunit k) of ATP synthase. The subunit k/Atp19, along with the subunits g/Atp20 and e/Atp21 plays a major role in stabilization of the ATP synthase dimers. In our effort to confidently define the small protein interactome of ATP synthase we similarly found Mco10 associated with ATP synthase of S. cerevisiae. We herein investigated the impact of Mco10 on ATP synthase functioning. Biochemical analysis revealed in spite of similarity in sequence and evolutionary lineage, that Mco10 and Atp19 differ significantly in function. This is the first work to show Mco10 is an auxiliary ATP synthase subunit that only functions in permeability transition.
The Crimean population of the lesser grey shrike (Lanius minor) has low behavioural flexibility in its response to approaching humans
Authors: Mikula Peter , Kwieciński Zbigniew , Kaługa Ireneusz , Tryjanowski Piotr 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe ongoing growth of the human population will increase the rate of wildlife−human interactions. High levels of animal tolerance and flexible responses towards human presence seem to be among the key mechanisms behind successful wildlife−human coexistence, but this behaviour remains unexplored for most populations and species of animals. Here, we investigate the escape behaviour (measured as flight initiation distance) of the Crimean population of a charismatic and declining bird species, the lesser grey shrike (Lanius minor). We examined its relationship with starting distance of the approaching human, directness of that approach (direct or tangential), habitat type (rural or suburban), and height of the perch used by shrikes. We found that the starting distance was significantly associated with escape responses of shrikes to approaching humans. In contrast, we found no significant association between escape responses and directness of approach, habitat type, or height of perch. Our results indicate that the lesser grey shrike may exhibit low flexibility in their escape responses towards humans which may have implications for their conservation management. Our results also indicate that the widely used 30 metres threshold for minimum starting distance may be insufficient for rural populations, even of small passerines.
WiChR, a highly potassium selective channelrhodopsin for low-light two-photon neuronal inhibition
Authors: Vierock Johannes , Peter Enrico , Grimm Christiane , Rozenberg Andrey , Castro Scalise Alejandro G. , Augustin Sandra , Tanese Dimitrii , Forget Benoît C. , Emiliani Valentina , Béjà Oded , Hegemann Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe electric excitability of muscle, heart and brain tissue relies on the precise interplay of Na+- and K+-selective ion channels. The involved ion fluxes are controlled in optogenetic studies using light-gated channelrhodopsins (ChRs). While non-selective cation-conducting ChRs are well-established for excitation, K+-selective ChRs (KCRs) for efficient inhibition have only recently come into reach. Here, we report the molecular analysis of recently discovered KCRs from the stramenopile Hyphochytrium catenoides and identify a novel type of hydrophobic K+-selectivity filter. Next, we demonstrate that the KCR signature motif is conserved in related stramenopile ChRs. Among them, WiChR from Wobblia lunata features an unmatched 80-fold preference for K+ over Na+, stable photocurrents under continuous illumination and a prolonged open state lifetime. Well expressed in neurons, WiChR allows two-photon inhibition at low irradiance and reduced tissue heating,_recommending WiChR as the long-awaited efficient and versatile optogenetic inhibitor.
Missing values are informative in label-free shotgun proteomics data: estimating the detection probability curve
Authors: Li Mengbo , Smyth Gordon K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMass spectrometry proteomics is a powerful tool in biomedical research but its usefulness is limited by the frequent occurrence of missing values in peptides that cannot be reliably quantified for particular samples. Many analysis strategies have been proposed for missing values where the discussion often focuses on distinguishing whether values are missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR) or missing not at random (MNAR). We argue here that missing values should always be viewed as MNAR in label-free proteomics because physical missing value mechanisms cannot be identified for individual points and because the probability of detection is related to underlying intensity. We show that the probability of detection can be accurately modeled by a logit linear curve. The curve asymptotes close to 100%, limiting the potential role of missing values unrelated to intensity. The curve is also incompatible with simple censoring mechanisms. We propose a statistical method for estimating the detection probability curve as a function of the underlying intensity, whether observed or not. The model quantifies the bias of missing intensities as compared to those that are observed. The model demonstrates that missing values are informative and suggests possible approaches to imputation and differential expression.
Vertebrates but not ants protect rainforest trees from herbivorous insects along an elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Sam Katerina , Jorge Leonardo Re , Koane Bonny , Amick Pita , Sivault Elise 
Published: July 2022

AimThe theory on trophic interactions between plants, insect herbivores, and their predators predicts that predators increase plant biomass by feeding on herbivores. However, it remains unclear whether different types of predators regulate herbivores to the same degree, and how the trophic interactions affect lower trophic levels along elevational gradients where predator communities differ significantly. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of vertebrate predators and ants (individually and in combination) on arthropod communities and leaf herbivory along a complete tropical forest gradient.LocationPapua New GuineaTaxonMulti-taxonMethodsWe excluded predators from 560 saplings in two six-month long predator exclusion experiments spanning wet and dry seasons. Saplings were spread across 8 study sites which were evenly spaced at 500 m elevational increments from 200 to 3700m a.s.l..ResultsOn average the density of arthropods increased significantly by 37% and 33% respectively when vertebrate predators, and both ants and vertebrates predators, were removed. Both season and elevation mediated this effect significantly. At lower trophic levels, both the exclusion of both vertebrates alone, and exclusion of vertebrates plus ants, led to a significant increase in leaf damage by 50% and 36% respectively. In contrast, the exclusion of ants alone had no significant effect on arthropod density or leaf damage, which increased by 12% and 9% respectively.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that the relative contribution of birds and bats changes at different elevational sites, while the overall effect of vertebrate predators remains consistent along the whole elevational gradient. This contrasts with ant driven trophic cascades which brought about increased herbivory only at the most productive sites of the elevational gradient, where ant abundance is highest. We conclude that disappearance of insectivorous vertebrate predators can lead to substantial negative consequences for plants.
Selection for greater dispersal in early life leads to faster age-dependent decline in locomotor activity and shorter lifespan
Authors: Ruchitha B G , Kumar Nishant , Sura Chand , Tung Sudipta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLocomotor activity is one of the major traits that is affected by age. Greater locomotor activity is also known to evolve in the course of dispersal evolution. However, the impact of dispersal evolution on the functional senescence of locomotor activity is largely unknown. We addressed this knowledge gap using large outbred populations ofDrosophila melanogasterselected for increased dispersal. We tracked locomotor activity of these flies at regular intervals until a late age. Longevity of these flies was also recorded. We found that locomotor activity declines with age in general. However interestingly, activity level of dispersal selected populations never drops below the ancestry-matched-controls, despite the rate of age-dependent decline in activity of the dispersal selected populations being greater than their respective controls. Dispersal selected population was also found to have shorter lifespan as compared to its control, a potential cost of elevated level of activity throughout their life. These results are crucial in the context of invasion biology as contemporary climate change, habitat degradation, and destruction provide congenial conditions for dispersal evolution. Such controlled and tractable studies investigating the ageing pattern of important functional traits are important in the field of biogerontology as well.