bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Crystalline Thermosetting Composites‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Intrinsic Flame Retardancy
Authors: Qadeer Mohsen , Guan Qingbao , Guo Qingzhao , Rahman Abdul , Nawaz Muhammad Zubair , Zhou Jianfeng , Zhu Shu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have drawn essential interest as highly sensitive sensors that can function efficiently in harsh conditions, which can be life‐saving but challenging to accomplish. Herein, this work explores carbon fiber (CF)‐reinforced liquid crystalline thermosetting (LCT) triboelectric composites as flame retardant triboelectric nanogenerators (FR‐TENGs). FR‐TENGs with controlled structural and chemical properties exhibit not only outstanding flame resistance but also excellent triboelectric performance and can be utilized in the oil drilling industry and space applications under extreme temperatures. This FR‐TENG is incombustible even after 60 s of trying, where most traditional triboelectric materials were burnt completely under similar conditions. The self‐powered FR‐TENG exhibits high thermal resistance and strong mechanical strength and generates Voc (125.7 V), Qsc (14 nC), and Isc (0.8 µA) as electrical performances. In addition, the developed carbon fiber reinforced liquid crystalline thermosetting (LCT‐2@BCF) composite also poses a shape memory effect (SME), which can be employed for early fire alarm sensors. This work manifests the bright prospect of applying CF/LCT composites in fields that require light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, and flame retardancy.
Development of Highly Sensitive and Stable Surface Acoustic Wave‐Based Hydrogen Sensor and Its Interface Electronics
Authors: Kim Sihyeok , Singh Gurpreet , Lee Keekeun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA surface acoustic wave (SAW)‐based hydrogen sensor and its corresponding interface electronics have been developed to measure the hydrogen concentration in air at room temperature. Two SAW delay lines with center frequencies of 284 and 284.3 MHz are employed for the sensor system to eliminate any environmental disturbances emerging from temperature and humidity variations on a sensor output. A beehive‐configured and Cu‐doped SnO2 nanostructure is used as a hydrogen‐sensitive material to have a high surface to volume ratio, high sensitivity, and selectivity for the target hydrogen. The smallest frequency difference detectable in our sensor system including oscillator, mixer, low pass filter, comparator, and field programmable gate array (FPGA) was ≈1 Hz, which is a significant output value that can sufficiently detect hydrogen concentrations below 1 ppm. Compared with pure SnO2, 3D Cu (3%)‐doped SnO2 nanostructure based‐SAW sensor exhibited the highest response to hydrogen gas. The elevated response of the 3D Cu‐doped SnO2 based SAW sensor to hydrogen gas is mainly attributed to the acoustoelectric interaction. Photoluminescence and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis divulged that Cu‐doping in SnO2 produces a large number of surface oxygen vacancies, which enhances the hydrogen adsorption on the SnO2 surface, resulting in a significant improvement in the response to hydrogen gas. The sensor characteristics at the system level showed excellent selectivity, repeatability, and long‐term stability to hydrogen gas. The sensing mechanisms (mass loading and acoustoelectric interaction) in the SAW sensor due to hydrogen adsorption have been experimentally investigated and the obtained results are discussed in detail.
Intense Electrical Pulsing of Perovskite Light Emitting Diodes under Cryogenic Conditions
Authors: Elkhouly Karim , Goldberg Iakov , Annavarapu Nirav , Gehlhaar Robert , Ke Tung‐Huei , Genoe Jan , Hofkens Johan , Heremans Paul , Qiu Weiming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs the threshold for stimulated emission is significantly reduced at cryogenic temperatures, cooling of perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is considered an essential strategy for reaching injection lasing in perovskite diodes. In this work, we demonstrate the intense electrical pulsing of a PeLED stack up to a few kA cm−2 at cryogenic conditions. A high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.9% at 1 kA cm−2 and a radiance >1.95 × 105 W Sr−1 m−2 are achieved when exciting the device with 250 ns electrical pulses at 77 K, showing three times enhancement in comparison with room temperature operation. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive understanding on how the ion distribution can affect the PeLED characteristics and show that ion motions can be manipulated at cryogenic conditions. This opens new routes for novel material and device designs for further improving PeLED performance.
DBU/AgOTf Relay‐Catalysis Enabled One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,3‐Dihydroisobenzofurans and Its Conversion to Indanones
Authors: Wang Jiazhuang , Huang Hongtai , Gao Haotian , Qin Guiping , Xiao Tiebo , Jiang Yubo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA DBU/AgOTf relay‐catalyzed one‐pot reaction of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes and α‐diazo esters for the efficient construction of 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives has been documented. This protocol can tolerate a wide range of substrates and its scalability is demonstrated by the gram‐scale reaction. Moreover, the obtained 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofurans can be converted to indanone derivatives by a AgOTf‐catalyzed ring recombination process. Both of the resulting products, 1,3‐dihydroisobenzofurans and indanones, are important structural units of a variety of pharmaceuticals and natural products, and their structures are clearly confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.magnified image
Response to Christopher P. Muzzillo's Comments on “Introduction of a Novel Figure of Merit for the Assessment of Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Photovoltaics: Exact and Approximate Form”
Authors: Anand Aman , Islam Md Moidul , Meitzner Rico , Schubert Ulrich S. , Hoppe Harald 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSimilarities and differences between figure of merits (FOMs) for the assessment of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are discussed. This article is a response to C. P. Muzzillo's comment on the introduction of the novel FOM (the so‐called exact FOM or Anand's FOM) and it deals with questions about how implicit and how exact the different approaches really are and whether specific application cases can be covered or not. While the exact FOM has been introduced to provide an upper limit of photovoltaic power conversion efficiency for the whole range of possible transmittance and sheet resistance values of transparent conductive oxides, Muzzillo's comment points out specific application cases, that have to be treated with more individual modeling. In this work, the authors adopt these application cases into the exact FOM to demonstrate its applicability. Furthermore, the FOM approximation given by Muzzillo is used and slightly refined, yielding an even better agreement with the exact FOM. In the end, it is concluded that both approaches are justified: Muzzillo's FOM for very practical applications and Anand's (exact) FOM for fundamental assessment. In this work, both approaches have been harmonized to yield an ultimate tool for the future development of TCEs for photovoltaics.
Pyridinylidenaminophosphines as Versatile Organocatalysts for CO2 Transformations into Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Lu Shang‐Yuan , Chen Wei , Wen Lang‐Qi , Zhou Hui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe carboxylative cyclization of propargylic alcohols with CO2 was developed employing pyridinylidenaminophosphines (PYA‐Ps) as organocatalyts for the first time. Moderate to good yields of α‐methylene cyclic carbonates were obtained with excellent chemo‐ and stereo‐selectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the catalytic reaction tends to proceed via the PYA‐Ps‐mediated basic ionic pair mechanism, and the intramolecular cyclization should be the rate determining step. Furthermore, the catalytic diversity of PYA‐Ps was investigated for the chemical transformations of CO2 to functionalized cyclic carbonates and N‐formylated amines.
Continuous reactor network design for multi‐product rigid polyols under uncertainty
Authors: Wen Yunhan , Biegler Lorenz T. , Ochoa Maria P. , Weston John , Nikbin Nima , Ferrio Jeff 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDifferential‐algebraic optimization models for rigid polyol production from our previous work are able to generate optimal reactor configurations along with the optimal operation recipe. However, their performance could degenerate when uncertainty comes into play. In this study, we apply a multi‐scenario (MS) strategy to analyze the impact of kinetic uncertainty on reactor network design. Our approach first identifies scenarios that are worst‐case violations of inequality constraints. Then, we solve the MS problem with current number of scenarios and obtain the optimal common (or first‐stage) decision profiles (q). Next, we apply an iterative scenario sampling and updating strategy, where the uncertainty range is sampled for fixed q to discover constraint violations that determine the need for additional scenarios. This process continues until no further violations are detected. We adopt the MS method to three continuous reactor networks that were optimized in our previous work: CSTR in series, single differential sidestream reactor (DSR) and CSTR followed by a DSR. Among these, the DSR reactor is found to be the most economical and robust with respect to uncertainties.
Electrostatically Directed Long‐Range Self‐Assembly of Nucleotides with Cationic Nanoparticles To Form Multifunctional Bioplasmonic Networks
Authors: Roy Sumit , Adury Venkata Sai Sreyas , Rao Anish , Roy Soumendu , Mukherjee Arnab , Pillai Pramod P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrecise control over interparticle interactions is essential to retain the functions of individual components in a self‐assembled superstructure. Here, we report the design of a multifunctional bioplasmonic network via an electrostatically directed self‐assembly process involving adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP). The present study unveils the ability of ATP to undergo a long‐range self‐assembly in the presence of cations and gold nanoparticles (AuNP). Modelling and NMR studies gave a qualitative insight into the major interactions driving the bioplasmonic network formation. ATP‐Ca2+coordination helps in regulating the electrostatic interaction, which is crucial in transforming an uncontrolled precipitation into a kinetically controlled aggregation process. Remarkably, ATP and AuNP retained their inherent properties in the multifunctional bioplasmonic network. The generality of electrostatically directed self‐assembly process was extended to different nucleotide–nanoparticle systems.
ω‐(5‐Phenyl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)alkyl‐substituted hydrazides and related compounds as inhibitors of amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3)
Authors: Galster Florian , Pöstges Timo , Hanekamp Walburga , Lehr Matthias 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3), also known as plasma amine oxidase, semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase, or vascular adhesion protein‐1, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines to aldehydes using copper and a quinone as cofactors. Because it is involved in the transmigration of inflammatory cells through blood vessels into tissues, AOC3 is thought to play an important role in inflammatory diseases. Therefore, inhibitors of this enzyme could lead to new therapeutics for the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases. Recently, 6‐(5‐phenyl‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)hexan‐1‐amine was found to be a tight‐binding substrate of AOC3. To obtain novel inhibitors of the enzyme, the amino group of this substrate was replaced with functional groups that occur in known AOC3 inhibitors, such as hydrazide or glycine amide moieties. In addition, derivatives of the compounds obtained in this way were prepared. The obtained hydrazide 5, which proved to be the most effective, was subjected to further structural modifications. Selected hydrazides were evaluated for selectivity toward some other amine oxidases.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Standard and Third‐Dose SARS–CoV‐2 Vaccination in Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Syversen Silje W. , Jyssum Ingrid , Tveter Anne T. , Tran Trung T. , Sexton Joseph , Provan Sella A. , Mjaaland Siri , Warren David J. , Kvien Tore K. , Grødeland Gunnveig , Nissen‐Meyer Lise S. H. , Ricanek Petr , Chopra Adity , Andersson Ane M. , Kro Grete B. , Jahnsen Jørgen , Munthe Ludvig A. , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Vaage John T. , Lund‐Johansen Fridtjof , Jørgensen Kristin K. , Goll Guro L. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveImmunogenicity and safety following receipt of the standard SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination regimen in patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are poorly characterized, and data after receipt of the third vaccine dose are lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate serologic responses and adverse events following the standard 2‐dose regimen and a third dose of SARS–CoV‐2 vaccine in IMID patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.MethodsAdult patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis, as well as healthy adult controls, who received the standard 2‐dose SARS–CoV‐2 vaccination regimen were included in this prospective observational study. Analyses of antibodies to the receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of the SARS–CoV‐2 spike protein were performed prior to and 2–4 weeks after vaccination. Patients with a weak serologic response, defined as an IgG antibody titer of ≤100 arbitrary units per milliliter (AU/ml) against the receptor‐binding domain of the full‐length SARS–Cov‐2 spike protein, were allotted a third vaccine dose.ResultsA total of 1,505 patients (91%) and 1,096 healthy controls (98%) had a serologic response to the standard regimen (P < 0.001). Anti‐RBD antibody levels were lower in patients (median 619 AU/ml interquartile range [IQR] 192–4,191) than in controls (median 3,355 AU/ml [IQR 896–7,849]) (P < 0.001). The proportion of responders was lowest among patients receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitor combination therapy, JAK inhibitors, or abatacept. Younger age and receipt of messenger RNA–1273 vaccine were predictors of serologic response. Of 153 patients who had a weak response to the standard regimen and received a third dose, 129 (84%) became responders. The vaccine safety profile among patients and controls was comparable.ConclusionIMID patients had an attenuated response to the standard vaccination regimen as compared to healthy controls. A third vaccine dose was safe and resulted in serologic response in most patients. These data facilitate identification of patient groups at risk of an attenuated vaccine response, and they support administering a third vaccine dose to IMID patients with a weak serologic response to the standard regimen.
Observer‐based controller of uncertain Switching Positive Linear Systems: A unilaterally tracking scheme
Authors: Nojoumian Mohammad Ali , Zakerzadeh Mohammad Reza , Ayati Moosa 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with designing a unilateral tracking controller for the Switching Positive Linear Systems (SPLSs). Positive systems are widespread, and most biological, economic systems, and so on, with nonnegative variables, belong to this class of systems. System states are assumed partially unmeasurable; thus, a reduced‐order positive switching observer is utilized to improve the closed‐loop system response. Also, interval uncertainty is considered to provide a more practical result. In addition, a unilateral tracking controller is developed in this study. The unilateral tracking controller keeps the system and observer states in the same direction as the reference system and system output. Also, the unilateral tracking method avoids overshoot. System stability is presented in synchronous and asynchronous switching conditions. In asynchronous switching mode, controller switches have a time lag behind the system's switching. The switching time lag in asynchronous mode is assumed unknown with a known upper bound for each subsystem. The closed‐loop system's stability is guaranteed by utilizing multiple Lyapunov functions, and the Mode Dependent Average Dwell Time (MDADT) strategy. The designed unilateral tracking controller is developed to track a reference system. Also, sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee the L1‐gain performance of the closed‐loop system. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the proposed scheme's effectiveness compared with the foremost existing solutions.
Optimizing transcardial perfusion of small molecules and biologics for brain penetration and biodistribution studies in rodents
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Liu Xingrong , Wei Cong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEfficiently removing blood from the brain vasculature is critical to evaluate accurately the brain penetration and biodistribution of drug candidates, especially for biologics as their blood concentrations are substantially higher than the brain concentrations. Transcardial perfusion has been used widely to remove residual blood in the brain; however, the perfusion conditions (such as the perfusion rate and time) reported in the literature are quite varied, and the performance of these methods on blood removal has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, the effectiveness of the perfusion conditions was assessed by measuring brain hemoglobin levels. Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) as an additive in the perfusate was evaluated at different concentrations. Blood removal was significantly improved with 2% NaNO2 over a 20 min perfusion in mouse without disrupting the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). In mice, the optimized perfusion method significantly lowered the measured brain‐to‐plasma ratio (Kp,brain) for monoclonal antibodies due to the removal of blood contamination and small molecules with a moderate‐to‐high BBB permeability and with a high brain‐unbound‐fraction (fu,brain) presumably due to flux out of the brain during perfusion. Perfusion with or without NaNO2 clearly removed the residual blood in rat brain but with no difference observed in Kp,brain between the perfusion groups with or without 2% NaNO2. In conclusion, a perfusion method was successfully developed to evaluate the brain penetration of small molecules and biologics in rodents for the first time. The transcardial perfusion with 2% NaNO2 effectively removed the residual blood in the brain and significantly improved the assessment of brain penetration of biologics. For small molecules, however, transcardial perfusion may not be performed, as small molecule compounds could be washed away from the brain by the perfusion procedure.
Does the legacy of state planning put pressure on ecological efficiency? Evidence from China
Authors: Hao Yu , Huang Jingwen , Guo Yunxia , Wu Haitao , Ren Siyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBuilding a green and healthy economic system and achieving high‐quality economic growth have long been the development goals pursued by the Chinese government. Under the local government competition system, coordinating the relationship between economic growth and ecological sustainability is a decisive factor for China's high‐quality development. As a former state planned economy, China inherited a legacy of setting economic growth targets at various levels of government. This paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth targets and ecological efficiency by using panel data models and spatial econometric techniques. Moreover, the mediating effect model and dynamic threshold effect model are used to study their influence mechanism and the possible nonlinear relationship. The results indicate that there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between economic growth targets and ecological efficiency. Optimizing industrial structure and R&D investment can improve regional ecological efficiency. The economic growth targets in neighboring regions have a “U”‐shaped relationship with local ecological efficiency. The mechanism test results suggest that economic growth targets affect ecological efficiency by influencing financial development, foreign direct investment, infrastructure investment, environmental regulation, and technological innovation. The impact of economic growth targets on ecological efficiency shows a significant threshold effect when economic growth targets, industrial structure, R&D levels, financial development, foreign direct investment, infrastructure investment, and environmental regulation are at different threshold values. Therefore, to promote regional healthy competition and ecological efficiency, the government should formulate scientific and reasonable economic growth goals and improve the official evaluation system.
A preliminary investigation of digital media supplements for head and neck anatomy: Does production format matter?
Authors: Willett Gilbert M. , Forbes Anna , Spagna James , O'Kane Barbara , Weston Michael , Jergenson Margaret , Norton Neil S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFrom cassettes to digital, use of video in education has evolved. Supplemental digital media is a common educational adjunct within gross anatomy courses. As these aids have advanced technologically, so has production cost. Traditional lecture (T‐lect) productions tend to be more efficient. Traditional gross anatomy laboratory (T‐lab) productions requiring cadaver dissection and high‐definition video are comparatively less efficient. This preliminary study pragmatically assessed T‐lect and T‐lab supplemental learning tools in a head and neck anatomy course for first‐year dental students. Two videos of similar length were developed for different anatomical regions. Learning objectives were similar while format differed. A carotid triangle supplement was created using a T‐lab production format and an infratemporal fossa aid was created using a T‐lect format. Both incorporated recommended elements for facilitating learning. Development time and costs were documented. Student exam performance on topic specific questions was collected along with survey data. Group mean exam score comparisons between students who viewed (n = 74 T‐lect, n = 70 T‐lab) versus did not view (n = 27 T‐lect, n = 30 T‐lab) each aid revealed higher scores for the “viewed” group. The T‐lab production cost ($15,190 versus $10,003) and time (19 hr. versus 18 hr) were greater than T‐lect. Descriptive survey data did not reveal a format preference. Students valued previews/summaries and structure highlighting/labeling within the supplements. Students appreciated the supplemental learning aids and mean exam scores were higher for users. Since production format did not noticeably alter exam performance and satisfaction was similar, production efficiency should take precedence.
Case report: Bilateral simple Syndactyly in a toddler with maternal exposure to cabergoline
Authors: Afshar Shima , Abbasinazari Mohammad , Darvishi Behnam , Ziaie Shadi , Esmaily Hadi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCabergoline is routinely prescribed in the management of prolactin excreting adenomas and is associated with low risk of congenital malformations and teratogenicity. Here, we reported the case of a bilateral simple syndactyly in a toddler with maternal exposure to cabergoline during the pregnancy. This association has not been previously described before.