bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Coumarin and Its Derivatives by Using Aryl Propiolates
Authors: Sharma Deepika , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Chatterjee Rana , Khatravath Mahender , Dandela Rambabu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCoumarins (2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐one) are a class of natural products extracted from plant with a broad range of biological activities like antitubercular, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, antiadipogenic, and antioxidant, effects. Therefore, the synthesis of coumarin and its derivatives has become amongst the most attractive compounds over the last two decades in the growth of improved synthetic methods to form various coumarins derivatives. Amongst the reported methods for the construction of coumarins, the pendant arylpropiolate scaffolds served as a highly appealing precursor for coumarins in a single step. This review article describes recent updates on the construction of coumarins using arylpropiolate as substrates.
Synthesis of Tricyclic Methyl Cyclopentapyridopyrimidin‐6‐carboxylates and Cyclopentaimidazopyridin‐6‐carboxylates from Genipin
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Yin , Zeng Wei‐Zheng , Chung Cheng‐Yen , Tseng Ching‐Chun , Li Sin‐Min , Hu Yu‐Pei , Huang Guan‐Jhong , Tsai Shuo‐En , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn effective one‐pot reaction was successfully developed for the synthesis of tricyclic methyl cyclopentapyridopyrimidin‐6‐carboxylates and cyclopentaimidazopyridin‐6‐carboxylates from genipin with a variety of diamines, including aliphatic, sterically hindered substituted and N‐substituted diamines, and cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine under nitrogen atmosphere. The tricyclic and tetracyclic methyl cyclopentapyridopyrimidin‐6‐carboxylate or cyclopentaimidazopyridin‐6‐carboxylate were successfully afforded in good to excellent yields. This facile and efficient one‐pot reaction involved N‐substitution reaction, cyclization, sequential dehydration, and final N‐substitution reaction in four‐step reactions. The reactivity tendency of diamines was also determined from the isolated yields of products in this work. On the other hands, we also evaluated genipin with amines and diamines under air atmosphere to determine the potential colour variation range areas. Fortunately, we firstly isolated the unstable methyl dihydro‐2H‐cyclopenta[c]pyridine‐4‐carboxylate intermediates 3 a–b and assigned by simple spectrum analysis technique.
Four Phosphonium‐based Ionic Liquids. Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Performance as Electrolytes for Silicon Anodes
Authors: Sánchez‐Ramírez Nedher , Monje Ivonne E. , Martins Vitor L. , Bélanger Daniel , Camargo Pedro H. C. , Torresi Roberto M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHerein, we describe the synthesis, characterization and electrochemical performance of four phosphonium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolytes, Physicochemical properties such as viscosity, density, ionic conductivity, and thermal stability of ILs and conventional organic solvent ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) were experimentally determined at different temperatures. All ILs showed thermal stability greater than 300 °C, surpassing the stability of the conventional organic solvent, whose flash points were 145 and 23 °C for EC and DEC, respectively. Nevertheless, at room temperature, all ILs are much more viscous than EC/DEC. The composite Si ‐[P2224][FSI] (triethyl‐n‐butylphosphonium bis(fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and Si‐EC/DEC anodes exhibit initial specific capacities at 0.15 A/g of 2409 and 2631 mAh/g, respectively. This demonstrates that despite the inferior transport properties of ILs, short alkyl‐substituted phosphonium ILs like [P2224][FSI] are potentially competitive for the new generation of electrolytes for LIBs. NMR, DSC, TGA, and galvanostatic discharged/charged were used as characterization techniques.
Fabrication of Biomaterials and Biostructures Based On Microfluidic Manipulation
Authors: Zheng Wenchen , Xie Ruoxiao , Liang Xiaoping , Liang Qionglin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiofabrication technologies are of importance for the construction of organ models and functional tissue replacements. Microfluidic manipulation, a promising biofabrication technique with micro‐scale resolution, can not only help to realize the fabrication of specific microsized structures but also build biomimetic microenvironments for biofabricated tissues. Therefore, microfluidic manipulation has attracted attention from researchers in the manipulation of particles and cells, biochemical analysis, tissue engineering, disease diagnostics, and drug discovery. Herein, biofabrication based on microfluidic manipulation technology is reviewed. The application of microfluidic manipulation technology in the manufacturing of biomaterials and biostructures with different dimensions and the control of the microenvironment is summarized. Finally, current challenges are discussed and a prospect of microfluidic manipulation technology is given. The authors hope this review can provide an overview of microfluidic manipulation technologies used in biofabrication and thus steer the current efforts in this field.
Epitaxial Growth of High‐Energy Copper Facets for Promoting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ji Li‐Ping , Feng Yi , Cheng Chuan‐Qi , Li Zhe , Guan Wei , He Bin , Liu Zhe , Mao Jing , Zheng Shi‐Jian , Dong Cun‐Ku , Zhang Yang‐Yang , Liu Hui , Cui Lei , Du Xi‐Wen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCopper is known as a conductive metal but an inert catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction due to its inappropriate electronic structure. In this work, an active copper catalyst is prepared with high‐energy surfaces by adopting the friction stir welding (FSW) technique. FSW can mix the immiscible Fe and Cu materials homogenously and heat them to a high temperature. Resultantly, α‐Fe transforms into γ‐Fe, and low‐energy γ‐Fe (100) and (110) surfaces induce the epitaxial growth of high‐energy Cu (110) and (100) planes, respectively. After the removal of γ‐Fe by acid etching, the copper electrode exposes high‐energy surface and exhibits excellent acidic HER activity, even being superior to Pt foil at high current densities (>66 mA cm−2). Density functional theory calculation reveals that the high‐energy surface favors the adsorption of hydrogen intermediate, thus accelerating the hydrogen evolution reaction. The epitaxial growth induced by FSW opens a new avenue toward engineering high‐performance catalysts. In addition, FSW makes it possible to massively fabricate low‐cost catalyst, which is advantageous to industrial application.
The causal effect of free trade agreements on the trade margins: Product‐level evidence from geographically distant partners
Authors: Cho Sang‐Wook (Stanley) , Choi Hansoo , Díaz Julián P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe estimate the causal effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) on the trade margins by focusing on recent agreements involving geographically distant partners. Using border‐sharing countries as controls, our product‐level difference‐in‐differences estimates reveal that FTAs had positive and significant effects, with the extensive margin accounting for around half of the export growth. In terms of timing, the intensive margin effects preceded those of the extensive margin. At the sectoral level, our results indicate that the extensive margin drove export growth in sectors with differentiated products, whereas export growth in sectors with homogeneous products was due to the intensive margin.
Effect of Ball‐Milled Rice Starch and Other Functional Ingredients on Quality Attributes of Rice‐Based Dough and Noodles
Authors: González Luciana Carla , Loubes Maria Ana , Tolaba Marcela Patricia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRice starch is modified by planetary ball milling. Its application as a functional ingredient in gluten‐free noodles is studied. Ten formulations based on rice flour, ball‐milled rice starch (BMRS), whole egg powder (E), and guar gum (G) are proposed to study the effect of mixture design on the technological aptitude of dough as well as on the mechanical and cooking performance of noodles. The technological quality of dough is favored by the addition of BMRS, since it confers cohesiveness. All doughs containing gum meet all the required technological attributes. The mechanical performance of cooked pasta is improved largely when guar gum and egg are incorporated into the formulation. Strength and extension values remain acceptable when the replacement of rice flour by modified starch is within 6.25–12.5%. Water absorption (WA) increase significantly (values greater than 100%) when noodles contain egg. However, the addition of egg also increase the cooking loss (CL). In contrast, guar gum allows obtaining minimum cooking loss values. The best cooking parameters are obtained with the combination of egg, gum, and modified starch (up to 12.5% of substitution), a mixture that also meet the technological and texture requirements.
Our journey of developing dual‐emitting metal‐organic framework‐based fluorescent sensors
Authors: Xia Tifeng , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) provide broad prospects for the development of various types of luminescence sensors due to their versatile structures and tunable luminescence characteristics. In order to overcome the main drawbacks of single‐emission luminescence sensors, such as being susceptible to the fluctuation of probe concentration and interference from external conditions, the ratiometric luminescent sensors utilizing the ratio between the intensity of two emssions within the same luminescent material, have been widely developed in recent years. We are committed to designing and developing luminescent ratiometric MOF‐based sensors toward a wide range of targeted functional species. In this mini‐review article, after the general description of ratiometric luminescent sensors, we have summarized our recent advances in the strategies for synthesizing dual‐emitting MOFs and their applications for ratiometric sensing of temperature, pH, biomarkers and water, as well as the related sensing mechanisms.
Some Results About the Structure of Primitivity Domains for Linear Partial Differential Operators with Constant Coefficients
Authors: Delladio S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLet G(D) be a linear partial differential operator on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, with constant coefficients. Moreover let $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

Ω
⊂

R

n

be open and $$F\in L^1_{\text {loc}} (\Omega , {\mathbb {C}}^N)$$

F
∈

L
loc
1

(
Ω
,

C

N

)

. Then any set of the form $$\begin{aligned} A_{f,F}:= \{ x\in \Omega \, \vert \, (G(D)f)(x)=F(x)\}, \text { with }f\in W^{g,1}_{\text {loc}}(\Omega , {\mathbb {C}}^k) \end{aligned}$$

A

f
,
F

:
=

{
x
∈
Ω

|

(
G

(
D
)

f
)

(
x
)

=
F

(
x
)

}

,

with

f
∈

W
loc

g
,
1

(
Ω
,

C

k

)

is said to be a G-primitivity domain of F. We provide some results about the structure of G-primitivity domains of F at the points of the (suitably defined) G-nonintegrability set of F. A Lusin type theorem for G(D) is also provided. Finally, we give applications to the Maxwell type system and to the multivariate Cauchy-Riemann system.
Notfall-Neuropädiatrie – Der arteriell ischämische Schlaganfall als einer der zeitkritischsten Notfälle bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Gerstl Lucia , Olivieri M. , Heinen F. , Bidlingmaier C. , Schroeder A. S. , Reiter K. , Hoffmann F. , Kurnik K. , Liebig T. , Trumm C. G. , Haas N. A. , Jakob A. , Borggraefe I. 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungDer arteriell ischämische Schlaganfall im Kindes- und Jugendalter gehört zu den zeitkritischsten Notfällen in der Pädiatrie. Dennoch wird er häufig mit einer oft prognostisch relevanten Zeitverzögerung diagnostiziert. Gründe dafür liegen neben der geringen Awareness auch in der zuweilen unspezifischen klinischen Präsentation mit einer herausfordernden Breite kritischer Differenzialdiagnosen sowie in der Fläche noch wenig verzahnter Akutversorgungsstrukturen. Gleichwohl zeigen grundsätzlich die beim Erwachsenen etablierten Revaskularisationsstrategien auch beim Kind ihre möglichen, zum Teil spektakulären Erfolge. Es gilt also, diese nach Möglichkeit auch den betroffenen Kindern zur Verfügung zu stellen, auch wenn hier derzeit ein nicht annähernd vergleichbarer Grad an Evidenz erreicht ist. Postakut ist die ätiologische Aufarbeitung durch die größere Bandbreite zu bedenkender Risikofaktoren besonders komplex, muss aber in der Lage sein, das individuelle Risikoprofil mit Sekundärprophylaxe, Rezidivrisiko und Outcome präzise zu identifizieren. Die Langzeitbetreuung im multiprofessionellen, interdisziplinären Team muss die biopsychosozialen Aspekte des Kindes in seiner jeweiligen Entwicklungsphase berücksichtigen und damit eine bestmögliche Integration des Kindes in sein soziales und schulisches, später berufliches Umfeld realisieren.
Analytical model for predicting tool wear in orthogonal machining of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)
Authors: Seeholzer Lukas , Krammer Thomas , Saeedi Parvaneh , Wegener Konrad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractProgressive tool wear due to abrasive carbon fibres is one of the main issues in machining of CFRP and responsible for the short tool life. Because of occurring wear during machining, the tool’s micro-geometry changes continuously resulting in higher process forces and an increasing risk for workpiece damages. In this paper, a novel analytical model is presented in order to predict the wear-related change of the micro-geometry in orthogonal machining of CFRP depending on the fibre orientation and the initial tool geometry. For this purpose, a concept called the wear rate distribution is introduced which represents a measure to quantify the wear rate along the active micro-geometry. Based on experimental investigation, it is shown that the shape of an arbitrary wear rate distribution between two closely spaced wear states can be approximated and parameterised with a “line - curve - line” approach. Using the authors’ previously published analytical force model, the wear rate distribution can be calculated as function of five wear parameters that are used to parameterise the active micro-geometry of an arbitrary wear state. Based on an iterative solver, this is used to simulate the tool wear progression during machining. For model validation, the simulation is compared to experimental data in terms of the cutting edge profiles, the amount of worn tool material and the process forces. Accordingly, the wear model is capable to reproduce the most important wear characteristics, e.g. the cutting edge rounding, the decreasing clearance angle and the increasing contact length at the flank face.
Augmented classification for electrical coil winding defects
Authors: Farnsworth Michael , Tiwari Divya , Zhang Ze , Jewell Geraint W. , Tiwari Ashutosh 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA green revolution has accelerated over the recent decades with a look to replace existing transportation power solutions through the adoption of greener electrical alternatives. In parallel the digitisation of manufacturing has enabled progress in the tracking and traceability of processes and improvements in fault detection and classification. This paper explores electrical machine manufacture and the challenges faced in identifying failures modes during this life cycle through the demonstration of state-of-the-art machine vision methods for the classification of electrical coil winding defects. We demonstrate how recent generative adversarial networks can be used to augment training of these models to further improve their accuracy for this challenging task. Our approach utilises pre-processing and dimensionality reduction to boost performance of the model from a standard convolutional neural network (CNN) leading to a significant increase in accuracy.
Cost-effectiveness of 12 months of capecitabine as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer: preplanned cost-effectiveness analysis of the JFMC37-0801 study
Authors: Shibahara Hidetoshi , Shiroiwa Takeru , Ishiguro Megumi , Nakamura Masato , Hasegawa Junichi , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Masuda Yuriko , Sakamoto Junichi , Tomita Naohiro , Fukuda Takashi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a 12-month regimen of oral capecitabine versus a standard 6-month regimen as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer.

Methods
We utilized patient-level data from a multi-institutional randomized controlled trial (JFMC37-0801) that investigated prolonged oral fluoropyrimidine monotherapy. The analysis considered three health states: stable disease, post-metastasis, and death. A parametric statistical model with a cure model was used to estimate the survival curve. The analysis was conducted from the Japanese public healthcare payer’s perspective, considering only direct medical costs. A lifetime horizon was used, with a discount rate of 2% for both cost and health outcomes. Health outcomes were evaluated in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

Results
The estimated cure rates for colon cancer were 0.726 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.676–0.776] and 0.694 (95% CI 0.655–0.733) with the 12- and 6-month regimens, respectively; and the estimated 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 74.4% and 69.8%, respectively. The estimated lifetime cost for 12 months of capecitabine was JPY 3.365 million (USD 31,159), compared with JPY 3.376 million (USD 31,262) for 6 months. The estimated QALY were 12.48 and 11.77 for the 12- and 6-month regimens, respectively. Thus, the 12-month capecitabine regimen was dominant. Using a willingness-to-pay threshold of JPY 5 million per QALY, we determined a 97.4% probability that the 12-month capecitabine regimen is more cost-effective than the 6-month regimen.

Conclusions
Twelve months of capecitabine is the favorable option for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer from the perspective of cost-effectiveness.
Promoting the effect of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound on hyperthermia in rabbit liver
Authors: Yang Yuwen , Luo Huanqian , Zhao Yang , Li Lu , He Yan , Xi Fen , Jin Hai , Gao Ruru , Luo Qiong , Liu Jianhua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The heat-sink effect is one reason for the insufficient temperature increase in hyperthermia (HT) treatment for cancer. Microbubbles (MBs) nucleate inertial cavitation under therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) exposure, which form microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (MEUS), which results in blocking blood perfusion in the targeted liver tissues. This study aimed to determine if synergistic effects exist during HT in the liver when combined with MEUS.

Methods
Forty rabbits with surgically exposed livers were randomly divided into TUS + MB + HT, MB + HT, normal saline + HT, and MB + sham groups (n = 10 in each group). Liver perfusion was evaluated using contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The temperatures of the liver tissues were monitored using thermocouples. Pathological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Serum hepatic transaminases were evaluated.

Results
MEUS pretreatment almost completely blocked the perfusion of targeted areas. The TUS + MB + HT and MB + HT groups showed significantly higher temperatures in treated areas than those in the other groups. However, the TUS + MB + HT group exhibited a more stable and regular increase in temperatures in the fitting curves compared with the MB + HT group. H&E staining revealed swelling hepatocytes, hemorrhage, and thrombosis in the portal area in the TUS + MB + HT group.

Conclusion
MEUS reduced the blood perfusion in the targeted liver tissues, and, therefore, overcame the heat-sink effect during the HT procedure in rabbits. MEUS pretreatment might have the potential to enhance the therapeutic effect of HT.
Numerical Investigation of Multi-scale Characteristics of Single and Multi-layered Woven Structures
Authors: Alotaibi Hatim , Jabbari Masoud , Abeykoon Chamil , Soutis Constantinos 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResin flow through multi-ply woven fabrics is affected by the fibre orientation and laminate stacking sequence during the impregnation process. This is characterised by permeability, which measures the ability of transferring fluids within a 2D or 3D layered woven fibre architecture (i.e., through a porous medium). The work aims to investigate the feasibility of characterising macro-scale flow permeability via the micro-meso-scale (dual-scale) permeability across and along woven yarns, with different structures of yarn nesting, non-shifting, and ply orientation. The permeability characterisation is performed using Ansys-Fluent software package where textile architectures and resin flow in porous media are simulated. The results show that in- and out-plane permeability of the nested, non-shifted and oriented single-ply woven preforms are different than that corresponding to multi-layered plates, making them only applicable for dual-scale permeabilities. However, with a number of plies in the multi-ply woven fabrics — e.g., 9-ply and 5-ply, for in- and out-of-plane flows, respectively — the dual-scale permeabilities can be extended to macro-flow making them applicable at all scales (multi-scale flow). The calculated in-plane multi-scale permeabilities are then used in the 2D simulations and compared with the analytical solution of the Darcy’s equation, which resulted in a very good agreement.
Analysis of Some Major Limitations of Analytical Top-Down Wind-Farm Models
Authors: Emeis Stefan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAnalytical top-down and bottom-up wind-farm models have become major tools for quick assessment of yields from larger wind farms and the extension and properties of their wakes and have proven their principal applicability from recently obtained in situ observations. We review some of the limitations of top-down wind-farm models, partly in light of basic atmospheric boundary-layer findings which have been coined by the late Sergej Zilitinkevich. Essentially, for the applicability of such analytical models, the wind-farm turbine hub height should be small compared to the atmospheric boundary-layer height, and very small compared to the horizontal extension of the farm and the distance to the nearest surface inhomogeneities. Possibilities and options to include recently discovered blockage effects are also discussed.