bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Air Pollutants and Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Time Stratified Case‐Crossover Design With a Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model
Authors: Liu Yanchen , Han Xiaoli , Cui Xudong , Zhao Xiangkai , Zhao Xin , Zheng Hongmiao , Zhang Benzhong , Ren Xiaowei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAcute exacerbation of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (AECOPD) as a respiratory disease, is considered to be related to air pollution by more and more studies. However, the evidence on how air pollution affect the incidence of AECOPD and whether there are population differences is still insufficient. Therefore, we select PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3 as representatives combined with daily AECOPD admission data from 1 January 2015 to 26 June 2016 in the rural areas of Qingyang, northwestern China to explore the associations of air pollution with AECOPD. Based on a time‐stratified case‐crossover design, we constructed a distributed lag nonlinear model to qualify the single and cumulative lagged effects of air pollution on AECOPD. Stratified related risks by sex and age were also reported. The cumulative exposure‐response curves were approximately linear for PM2.5, “V”‐shaped for PM10, “U”‐shaped for NO2 and inverted‐“V” for SO2, CO and O3. Exposure to high‐PM2.5 (42 μg/m3), high‐PM10 (91 μg/m3), high‐SO2 (58 μg/m3), low‐NO2 (12 μg/m3), and high‐CO (1.55 mg/m3) increased the risk of AECOPD. Females aged 15–64 were more susceptible under extreme concentrations of PM2.5, SO2, CO, and low‐PM10 than other subgroups. In addition, adults aged 15–64 were more sensitive to extreme concentrations of NO2 compared with the elderly ≥65 years old, while the latter were more sensitive to high‐PM10. High‐SO2, high‐NO2, and extreme concentrations of PM2.5 had the greatest effects on the day of exposure, while low‐SO2 and low‐CO had lagged effects on AECOPD. Precautionary measures should be taken with a focus on vulnerable subgroups, to control hospitalization for AECOPD associated with air pollutants.
Distributions of Birkeland Current Density Observed by AMPERE are Heavy‐Tailed or Long‐Tailed
Authors: Coxon John C. , Chisham Gareth , Freeman Mervyn P. , Anderson Brian J. , Fear Robert C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyze probability distributions of Birkeland current densities measured by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment. We find that the distributions are leptokurtic rather than normal and they are sometimes heavy‐tailed. We fit q‐exponential functions to the distributions and use these to estimate where the largest currents are likely to occur. The shape and scale parameters of the fitted q‐exponential distribution vary with location: The scale parameter maximizes for current densities with the same polarity and in the same location as the average Region 1 current, whereas the shape parameter maximizes for current densities with the same polarity and in the same location as the average Region 2 current. We find that current densities |J| ≥ 0.2 μA m−2 are most likely to occur in the average Region 1 current region, and second most likely to occur in the average Region 2 current region. However, for extreme currents (|J| ≥ 4.0 μA m−2), we find that the most likely location is colocated with the average Region 2 current region on the dayside, at a colatitude of 18°−22°.
Daytime Ionospheric Large‐Scale Plasma Density Depletion Structures Detected at Low Latitudes Under Relatively Quiet Geomagnetic Conditions
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guozhu , Le Huijun , Chen Yiding , Hu Lianhuan , Yang Sipeng , Zhao Xiukuan , Xie Haiyong , Li Yi , Zhao Biqiang , Ning Baiqi , Liu Libo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe ionospheric electron density is expected to enhance after sunrise during geomagnetic quiet days. In this paper, we report an anomalous large‐scale ionospheric TEC depletion structure occurring in morning hours over low latitudes in China under relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions. The depletion structure, which occurred over a wide longitude range of >35°, developed toward higher latitudes at the speed of ∼250 m/s. A statistical analysis using the data in 2018–2020 showed that such large‐scale daytime TEC depletion mainly occurred in summer (mostly with Kp < 3), with large intensities at ∼16–30°N. The geomagnetic ΔH measurements at the stations near and away from the magnetic dip equator showed positive values, which rules out the possible contribution from a westward electric field. Observations from multiple ionosondes revealed a net downward plasma transport during the TEC depletion. An enhanced poleward neutral wind during the early morning hours, which may induce downward plasma transport, was surmised to play a leading role in driving the large‐scale morning TEC depletion.
Localized Deformation of Lawsonite During Cold Subduction
Authors: Shiraishi R. , Muto J. , Tsunoda A. , Sawa S. , Suzuki A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne of the causes of intermediate depth (50–300 km) earthquakes in cold subduction zones is proposed to be the dehydration of lawsonite, a hydrous mineral that forms a major component of cold subducting oceanic crust. However, experimental studies are limited and the deformation mechanism of lawsonite remains uncertain. Here, we conducted deformation experiments on lawsonite under seismogenic conditions appropriate to cold subduction zones at pressures from 2.5 to 6.0 GPa and temperatures from 300°C to 800°C. Deformation experiments incorporating temperature ramping, in which deformation and heating were synchronous, did not show unstable fault slip associated with dehydration. Instead, we find localized deformation accompanying a rapid stress drop prior to the initiation of dehydration, and then more gradual strain weakening during dehydration. Such microstructures as microcracks and comminution of lawsonite imply a brittle behavior for lawsonite accompanied by the partial amorphization along the fault. Our results suggest that fault slip may occur within the stability field of lawsonite under conditions suitable for the generation of intermediate depth earthquakes.
Unexpected High Contribution of Residential Biomass Burning to Non‐Methane Organic Gases (NMOGs) in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China
Authors: Gao Yaqin , Wang Hongli , Liu Ying , Zhang Xuan , Jing Shengao , Peng Yarong , Huang Dandan , Li Xin , Chen Shiyi , Lou Shengrong , Li Yingjie , Huang Cheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractResidential biomass burning (BB) plays an important role in the generation of household energy in rural China and can contribute to the degradation of regional air quality. Here, unexpectedly strong residential BB emissions were identified during the EXPeriment on the eLucidation of the atmospheric Oxidation capacity and aerosol foRmation, and their Effects in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) campaign in the rural area of the Eastern China based on the early summertime measurements of non‐methane organic gases (NMOGs) by a Proton Transfer Reaction‐Quadruple Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometer. These widespread and long‐lasting residential BB emissions feature high levels of acetonitrile, oxygenated‐aromatics, and naphthalene, and are independent of the characteristic emissions from the open field BB but relate to miscellaneous fuels burning such as combustible wastes. The positive matrix factorization approach was applied to quantitatively appoint sources and understand the role of residential BB on OH reactivity (LOH) and secondary organic aerosols formation potential (SOAP) in the rural atmosphere of China. We find that residential BB accounts for 24.0% ± 6.4% of all NMOG mixing ratios, compared to 40.1% ± 7.7% of urban emissions. The contribution of these two sources to the total calculated LOH (23.2% ± 6.2% from BB and 26.4% ± 5.1% from urban) and SOAP (22.0% ± 7.5% from BB and 23.2% ± 6.7% from urban) are comparable during normal days. In addition, biogenic emissions and sporadic field BB are also important sources of NMOGs in the YRD region during the harvest season. This study highlights the critical importance of residential BB emissions in the Eastern China, which were unaccounted for by the past air pollution regulations.
Potential Links Between Tropospheric and Stratospheric Circulation Extremes During Early 2020
Authors: Rupp Philip , Loeffel Sheena , Garny Hella , Chen Xiaoyang , Pinto Joaquim G. , Birner Thomas 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFebruary‐March 2020 was marked by highly anomalous large‐scale circulations in the Northern extratropical troposphere and stratosphere. The Atlantic jet reached extreme strength, linked to some of the strongest and most persistent positive values of the Arctic Oscillation index on record, which provided conditions for extreme windstorms hitting Europe. Likewise, the stratospheric polar vortex reached extreme strength that persisted for an unusually long period. Past research indicated that such circulation extremes occurring throughout the troposphere‐stratosphere system are dynamically coupled, although the nature of this coupling is still not fully understood and generally difficult to quantify. We employ sets of numerical ensemble simulations to statistically characterize the mutual coupling of the early 2020 extremes. We find the extreme vortex strength to be linked to the reflection of upward propagating planetary waves and the occurrence of this reflection to be sensitive to the details of the vortex structure. Our results show an overall robust coupling between tropospheric and stratospheric anomalies: ensemble members with polar vortex exceeding a certain strength tend to exhibit a stronger tropospheric jet and vice versa. Moreover, members exhibiting a breakdown of the stratospheric circulation (e.g., sudden stratospheric warming) tend to lack periods of persistently enhanced tropospheric circulation. Despite indications for vertical coupling, our simulations underline the role of internal variability within each atmospheric layer. The circulation extremes during early 2020 may be viewed as resulting from a fortuitous alignment of dynamical evolutions within the troposphere and stratosphere, aided by each layer's modification of the other layer's boundary condition.
U‐Pb Zircon Geochronology From the Northern Cordillera, Central Yukon, With Implications for Its Tectonic Assembly
Authors: Parsons Andrew J. , McClelland William C. , Zagorevski Alexandre , Ryan James J. , Coleman Mark J. , Cleven Nathan , van Staal Cees R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe tectonic assembly of the Northern Cordillera is currently disputed and directly impacts Paleozoic‐to‐recent paleogeographic and plate tectonic reconstructions of North America. In this study, we present new U‐Pb zircon geochronology from the allochthonous Yukon‐Tanana terrane and the parautochthonous Cassiar terrane of the Northern Cordillera from south‐central Yukon, Canada. Our data provide new constraints for the assembly of the Northern Cordillera in this region. Metasedimentary samples from the Ingenika Group (Cassiar terrane) and the Snowcap and Finlayson assemblages (Yukon‐Tanana terrane) yielded detrital zircon age spectra that are comparable to known northwest Laurentia age spectra. One of our samples from the Snowcap assemblage yields a detrital zircon age spectrum that is anomalous for northwest Laurentia, but comparable to Early Paleozoic strata deposited in the Nevada‐Idaho‐Utah region. Zircon rim growth and Pb‐loss recorded by detrital zircon in the Snowcap assemblage and Ingenika Group samples record metamorphism at 370 ± 4 Ma and between 171 ± 5 and 135 ± 3 Ma. Late Devonian metamorphism and magmatism possibly corresponds to rifting of the Snowcap assemblage from the Laurentian margin. Middle Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous metamorphic zircon rim ages from the Cassiar terrane record metamorphism during collisions between the Intermontane superterrane (including the Yukon‐Tanana terrane) and Laurentia (Early to Middle Jurassic), and between the Insular superterrane and Laurentia (Middle to Late Jurassic). Our study suggests that collision between the Yukon‐Tanana terrane and the Laurentian margin began no earlier than ∼205 Ma.
SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 and N protein counteract the RIG-I signaling pathway by suppressing the formation of stress granules
Authors: Zheng Yi , Deng Jian , Han Lulu , Zhuang Meng-Wei , Xu Yanwen , Zhang Jing , Nan Mei-Ling , Xiao Yang , Zhan Peng , Liu Xinyong , Gao Chengjiang , Wang Pei-Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a highly pathogenic human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has to counteract an intricate network of antiviral host responses to establish infection and spread. The nucleic acid-induced stress response is an essential component of antiviral defense and is closely related to antiviral innate immunity. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 regulates the stress response pathway to achieve immune evasion remains elusive. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 NSP5 and N protein were found to attenuate antiviral stress granule (avSG) formation. Moreover, NSP5 and N suppressed IFN expression induced by infection of Sendai virus or transfection of a synthetic mimic of dsRNA, poly (I:C), inhibiting TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation, and restraining the nuclear translocalization of IRF3. Furthermore, HEK293T cells with ectopic expression of NSP5 or N protein were less resistant to vesicular stomatitis virus infection. Mechanistically, NSP5 suppressed avSG formation and disrupted RIG-I–MAVS complex to attenuate the RIG-I–mediated antiviral immunity. In contrast to the multiple targets of NSP5, the N protein specifically targeted cofactors upstream of RIG-I. The N protein interacted with G3BP1 to prevent avSG formation and to keep the cofactors G3BP1 and PACT from activating RIG-I. Additionally, the N protein also affected the recognition of dsRNA by RIG-I. This study revealed the intimate correlation between SARS-CoV-2, the stress response, and innate antiviral immunity, shedding light on the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19.
Nogo-B promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via RhoA-SRF-MRTFA pathway
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Zhong Qian , Zhang Hua , Liu Shangxin , Li Shibing , Xia Tianliang , Xiao Zhiwen , Chen Renhui , Ye Yuchu , Liang Faya , Han Ping , Huang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDistant metastasis remains the major cause for treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thus, it is necessary to investigate the underlying regulation mechanisms and potential biomarkers for NPC metastasis. Nogo-B (neurite outgrowth inhibitor B), encoded by reticulon-4, has been shown to be associated with the progression and advanced stage of several cancer types. However, the relationship between Nogo-B and NPC remains unknown. In this study, we found that higher expression of Nogo-B was detected in NPC cells and tissues. Higher expression of Nogo-B was statistically relevant to N stage, M stage, and poor prognosis in NPC patients. Further functional investigations indicated that Nogo-B overexpression could increase the migration, invasion, and metastasis ability of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, Nogo-B promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhanced the invasive potency by interacting directly with its receptor NgR3 in NPC. Additionally, overexpression of Nogo-B could upregulate the protein levels of p-RhoA, SRF, and MRTFA. A positive relationship was found between the expression of Nogo-B and the p-RhoA in NPC patients as well as in mouse lung xenografts. Nogo-Bhighp-RhoAhighexpression was significantly associated with N stage, M stage, and poor prognosis in NPC patients. Notably, CCG-1423, an inhibitor of the RhoA-SRF-MRTFA pathway, could reverse the invasive potency of Nogo-B and NgR3 in NPC cell lines, and decrease the expression of N-Cadherin, indicating that CCG-1423 may be a potential target drug of NPC. Taken together, our findings reveal that Nogo-B enhances the migration and invasion potency of NPC cells via EMT by binding to its receptor NgR3 to regulate the RhoA-SRF-MRTFA pathway. These findings could provide a novel insight into understanding the metastasis mechanism and targeted therapy of advanced NPC.
MicroRNA-181a–2–3p shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles inhibits oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease by inhibiting EGR1 and NOX4
Authors: Ma Jianjun , Shi Xiaoxue , Li Mingjian , Chen Siyuan , Gu Qi , Zheng Jinhua , Li Dongsheng , Wu Shaopu , Yang Hongqi , Li Xue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated the physiological mechanisms by which extracellular vesicle (EV)-encapsulated miR-181a–2–3p derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might mediate oxidative stress (OS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). First, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD cell and mouse models were established, after which miR-181a–2–3p, EGR1, and NOX4 expression patterns were determined in SH-SY5Y cells and substantia nigra (SN) of PD mice. Next, the binding affinity among miR-181a–2–3p, EGR1, and NOX4 was identified using multiple assays. Gain- or loss-of-function experiments were further adopted to detect SH-SY5Y cell proliferation and apoptosis and to measure the levels of SOD, MDA, and ROS. Finally, the effects of miR-181a–2–3p from MSC-derived EVs in PD mouse models were also explored. It was found that miR-181a–2–3p was poorly expressed in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells, whereas miR-181a–2–3p from MSCs could be transferred into SH-SY5Y cells via EVs. In addition, miR-181a–2–3p could target and inhibit EGR1, which promoted the expression of NOX4. The aforementioned miR-181a–2–3p shuttled by MSC-derived EVs facilitated SH-SY5Y proliferation and SOD levels, but suppressed apoptosis and MDA and ROS levels by regulating EGR1 via inhibition of NOX4/p38 MAPK, so as to repress OS of PD. Furthermore, in PD mice, miR-181a–2–3p was carried by EVs from MSCs to alleviate apoptosis of dopamine neurons and OS, accompanied by increased expressions of α-syn and decreased 4-HNE in SN tissues. Collectively, our findings revealed that MSC-derived EV-loaded miR-181a–2–3p downregulated EGR1 to inhibit OS via the NOX4/p38 MAPK axis in PD.
A pandemic-enabled comparison of discovery platforms demonstrates a naïve antibody library can match the best immune-sourced antibodies
Authors: Ferrara Fortunato , Erasmus M. Frank , D’Angelo Sara , Leal-Lopes Camila , Teixeira André A. , Choudhary Alok , Honnen William , Calianese David , Huang Deli , Peng Linghan , Voss James E. , Nemazee David , Burton Dennis R. , Pinter Abraham , Bradbury Andrew R. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic numerous scientific groups have generated antibodies against a single target: the CoV-2 spike antigen. This has provided an unprecedented opportunity to compare the efficacy of different methods and the specificities and qualities of the antibodies generated by those methods. Generally, the most potent neutralizing antibodies have been generated from convalescent patients and immunized animals, with non-immune phage libraries usually yielding significantly less potent antibodies. Here, we show that it is possible to generate ultra-potent (IC50 < 2 ng/ml) human neutralizing antibodies directly from a unique semisynthetic naïve antibody library format with affinities, developability properties and neutralization activities comparable to the best from hyperimmune sources. This demonstrates that appropriately designed and constructed naïve antibody libraries can effectively compete with immunization to directly provide therapeutic antibodies against a viral pathogen, without the need for immune sources or downstream optimization.
COVID-19 school and kindergarten closure relates to children's social relationships: a longitudinal study in Japan
Authors: Hagihara Hiromichi , Yamamoto Nozomi , Meng Xianwei , Sakata Chifumi , Wang Jue , Watanabe Ryoichi , Moriguchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has led children to experience school closures. Although increasing evidence suggests that such intense social quarantine influences children’s social relationships with others, longitudinal studies are limited. Using longitudinal data collected during (T1) and after (T2) intensive school closure and home confinement, this study investigated the impacts of social quarantine on children’s social relationships. Japanese parents of children aged 0–9 years (n = 425) completed an online questionnaire that examined children’s socio-emotional behavior and perceived proximity to parents or others. The results demonstrated that social quarantine was not significantly related to children’s socio-emotional behavior across all age groups. However, changes in children’s perceived proximity varied depending on certain age-related factors: elementary schoolers’ perceived closeness to parents significantly decreased after the reopening of schools, whereas that to others, such as peers, increased. Such effects were not observed in infants and preschoolers. The follow-up survey 9-month after the reopening of schools (T3; n = 130) did not detect significant differences in both children’s socio-emotional behavior and perceived proximity from that after the intense quarantine. These findings suggest that school closure and home confinement may have influenced children’s social development differently across their age, and its effects were larger in perceived closeness rather than social behavior.
The impact of hydration status and fluid distribution on pulmonary function in COPD patients
Authors: Orea-Tejeda Arturo , Gómez-Martínez Manuel , González-Islas Dulce , Flores-Cisneros Laura , Keirns-Davis Candace , Sánchez-Santillán Rocío , Pérez-García Ilse , Martínez-Luna Nathalie , Robles-Hernández Robinson , Sánchez-Moreno Carlos , Orozco-Gutíerrez Juan José 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients have alterations in body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) evaluates body composition, hydration status, and fluid distribution. Subjects with fluid disturbances have been found to have lower FEV1, respiratory muscle strength, and poor prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of hydration status and fluid distribution on pulmonary function in COPD patients. A cross-sectional study, 180 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD were included. Patients with asthma, advanced renal or liver disease, acute HF, exacerbation of COPD, or pacemakers were excluded. Hydration status variables (TBW, ECW, ICW) and disturbance of fluid distribution [impedance ratio (IR) > 0.84 and phase angle (PhA)] were evaluated by BIA. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry. The mean population age was 71.55 ± 8.94 years; 55% were men. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the IR ≥ 0.84 or < 0.84. The group with higher IR ≥ 0.84 had lower FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, DLCO and, PhA compared to those with IR < 0.84. After adjusting for confounding variables TBW, ECW, IR ≥ 0.84, PhA, and resistance/height increase were associated with decreased FEV1. In the same way, with IR ≥ 0.84, edema index ≥ 0.48, trunk and abdominal IR were negatively associated with FVC, and PhA had a positive association with FVC. Fluid distribution, especially IR and PhA, could be a useful parameter for predicting pulmonary function in COPD patients.