bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrox surface discharge used for water activation: the reactive species and their correlation to the bactericidal effect
Authors: Wang Wei , Guo Li , Yao Zhiqian , Xi Wang , Zhao Yan , Lv Jianhua , Zhang Jishen , Liu Zhijie , Liu Dingxin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plasma activated water (PAW) is a promising green antibacterial agent and the bactericidal effect is complicatedly affected by electron bombardment, ultraviolet radiation, interface reaction, and cascade chemical reaction. In this paper, a case of preparing PAW by treating aqueous solutions with afterglow gas is constructed based on surface micro-discharge (SMD), which focuses on the effect of afterglow gas–liquid mass transfer and liquid phase chemistry on PAW sterilization. The correlation of the bactericidal effect of PAW to the reactive species was studied based on the model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in PAW with the regulation of N2/O2 ratios in the working gas for SMD. The RONS in both gas and liquid phases and the physicochemical properties of PAW were measured through optical and chemical methods. In addition, the effects of liquid types, liquid conductivity, and storage time on the bactericidal effects of PAW were explored. The key species for bacteria inactivation were identified by equivalent mixed solutions and specific scavengers. The results demonstrated that control of the N2/O2 ratios in the working gas can effectively improve the RONS in plasma and PAW. The bactericidal effect of PAW is correlated with peroxynitrite, superoxide anion, and their synergistic effects in an acidic liquid environment. This study provides a new strategy for insight into the bactericidal mechanism of PAW in biomedical applications.
Measurement algorithm of notch length of plastic parts based on video
Authors: Tao Jiancheng , Wei Haikun , Zhang Kanjian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A method for measuring the notch length of plastic parts without stopping the machine in real-time industrial environment is proposed, which can be used to measure the notch length on the assembly line. A camera is used for capturing the live images of plastic images being moving straightly. Firstly, invalid frames, clear and blurred keyframes are preprocessed respectively. Then, for the processed keyframes, the corner extraction algorithm based on contours are used to obtain all corner points and pixel length of notch. Finally, the actual length is calculated by setting constraints on positional parameters. When tested in industrial environment, our algorithm can extract the corner points and calculate the notch length accurately and quickly. The average error of corner extraction is about 0.4%, and the measurement error of notch length is less than 1%. Compared with other methods, the algorithm has the advantages of speed and accuracy in dealing with rectangular plastic notches.
Influence of magnetic property of test plates on magneto-rheological behavior
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Jiang Jile , Wen Gang , Ouyang Chuke , Meng Yonggang , Jia Wenpeng , Tian Yu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper investigated the behaviors of magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) under shear mode with magnetic iron and non-magnetic titanium upper plates, respectively. Based on the Stribeck curve and friction coefficient normalization methods, the lubrication states at the chain end/plate contacts were more at a boundary lubrication state. The restriction of magnetic plate on the particles ends migrations under high magnetic field enhanced the field induced friction to increase the yield stress. Therefore magnetic plate prevented sliding of particles with plate and resulted in a higher yield stress than the easier sliding of particle chains ends on non-magnetic plate. The magnetic property of the upper test plate should be properly considered during the tests of MRFs to derive accurate description of the properties of MRF to be used in the design of various MR actuators.
Tunable second harmonic generation by an all-dielectric diffractive metasurface embedded in liquid crystals
Authors: Rocco Davide , Zilli Attilio , Ferraro Antonio , Borne Adrien , Vinel Vincent , Leo Giuseppe , Lemaître Aristide , Zucchetti Carlo , Celebrano Michele , Caputo Roberto , De Angelis Costantino , Finazzi Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the possibility to modulate the second harmonic (SH) power emitted by nonlinear AlGaAs metasurfaces embedded in a liquid crystal (LC) matrix. This result is obtained by changing the relative in-plane orientation between the LC director and the linear polarization of the light at the excitation wavelength. According to numerical simulations, second-harmonic is efficiently radiated by the metasurfaces thanks to the sizeable second-order susceptibility of the material and the resonant excitation of either electric or magnetic dipole field distributions inside each meta-atom at the illuminating fundamental wavelength. This resonant behavior strongly depends on the geometric parameters, the crystallographic orientation, and the anisotropy of the metasurface, which can be optimized to modulate the emitted SH power by about one order of magnitude. The devised hybrid platforms are therefore appealing in view of enabling the electrical control of flat nonlinear optical devices.
Parallel flow driven by electron cyclotron heating in the helically symmetric experiment
Authors: Yamamoto Y. , Murakami S. , Chang C.C. , Kumar S.T.A. , Talmadge J.N. , Likin K.M. , Anderson D.T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spontaneous plasma flows have been observed in electron cyclotron heating (ECH) plasmas in the helically symmetric experiment. A smaller parallel flow was observed in the quasi-helically symmetric configuration compared with that observed in the Mirror configuration, although the mirror configuration has a larger neoclassical viscosity. Using the GNET code, we evaluate the electromagnetic and collisional forces induced by ECH. We also evaluate the parallel flow driven by the ECH force, by solving the momentum balance equations and Ampère law. The obtained flows show reasonable agreement with results obtained from experiments. This work indicates that the radial electron current generated by ECH could drive the parallel flow.
Evolutionary history of secondary sexual characters in the most species-rich genus of anurans, the direct-developing frogs of the genusPristimantis(Anura: Strabomantidae)
Authors: García-Gómez Isabella , Pereyra Martín O , Cabra-García Jimmy , Ospina-Sarria Jhon Jairo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAncestral character-state reconstruction is a powerful method in phylogenetics that can be applied to elucidate the evolutionary history of secondary sexual characters. Here, we surveyed the variation and reconstructed the ancestral states of secondary sexual characters (i.e. sexual dichromatism, vocal slits and nuptial pads) for the most species-rich genus of anurans (Pristimantis) using maximum parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods. This study demonstrates that at least five independent transformation series account for the occurrence of sexual dichromatism in Pristimantis: dorsum, throat, venter, groin and posterior surface of thighs. The ancestral reconstructions suggest that the most recent common ancestor of Pristimantis lacks sexual dichromatism on these five body areas. Likewise, the occurrence of vocal slits and the absence of nuptial pads were inferred as ancestral conditions. Morphological synapomorphies were identified for Yunganastes and two infrageneric units within Pristimantis (the Pristimantis devillei and Pristimantis unistrigatus species groups). Our results demonstrate that the evolutionary history of the secondary sexual characters in Pristimantis followed a rather complex pattern of multiple independent gains and losses for which this genus is a promising model to investigate the evolution of secondary sexual characters in the context of the complex interactions between natural and sexual selection.
Numerical modelling of passive electroseismic surveying
Authors: Zyserman F I , Monachesi L B , Thompson A H , D’Biassi T , Jouniaux L , Gauzellino P 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARY
This work reports numerical modelling of electroseismic conversions when the electric field source originates in the atmosphere. Layered structures of conductivity anomalies yield rotated electric fields at reservoir depths as large as source fields at the surface. Active-source electroseismic field tests imaged reservoirs 1800 m deep. However, the required high-power, dipole sources mediate against these methods finding practical application in hydrocarbon exploration. We extend previous research by considering the potential for using environmental electric fields to create useful electroseismic conversions. World-wide lightning strikes induce time-dependent electric fields in the atmosphere. In the frequency band appropriate for seismic surveying, 1–100 Hz, electromagnetic field pulses occur at a rate of 10–100 pulses per second. These pulses create horizontal electric fields in the earth’s surface that induce electric currents in the subsoil. Those currents preferentially channel through high-conductivity layers. Charge accumulates at the termini of conducting layers. That charge accumulation induces galvanic currents. Vertical galvanic currents propagate to depth where they generate propagating seismic waves at gradients in electrical properties, such as conductivity gradients at reservoirs. We use 2-D numerical simulations on three different, layered-earth models to estimate the seismic amplitudes generated by passive fields. The modelling shows that the transverse magnetic fields can induce potentially useful vertical electric fields at depth. The generated seismic amplitudes at the top of the reservoir are sensitive to the oil content of the reservoir, the frequency of the primary electric field, the geometry of the conducting layers and various material properties. Finally, a hypothetical laterally complex reservoir configuration was tested which confirms the mentioned results and additionally shows the ability of the proposed method to delineate water–oil contacts.
The minimum information required for a glycomics experiment (MIRAGE): reporting guidelines for capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Lageveen-Kammeijer Guinevere S M , Rapp Erdmann , Chang Deborah , Rudd Pauline M , Kettner Carsten , Zaia Joseph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Minimum Information Required for a Glycomics Experiment (MIRAGE) is an initiative to standardize the reporting of glycoanalytical methods and to assess their reproducibility. To date, the MIRAGE Commission has published several reporting guidelines that describe what information should be provided for sample preparation methods, mass spectrometry methods, liquid chromatography analysis, exoglycosidase digestions, glycan microarray methods, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Here, we present the first version of reporting guidelines for glyco(proteo)mics analysis by capillary electrophoresis (CE) for standardized and high-quality reporting of experimental conditions in the scientific literature. The guidelines cover all aspects of a glyco(proteo)mics CE experiment including sample preparation, CE operation mode (CZE, CGE, CEC, MEKC, cIEF, cITP), instrument configuration, capillary separation conditions, detection, data analysis, and experimental descriptors. These guidelines are linked to other MIRAGE guidelines and are freely available through the project website https://www.beilstein-institut.de/en/projects/mirage/guidelines/#ce_analysis (doi:10.3762/mirage.7).
Non-linear behaviour of warped discs around a central object with a quadrupole moment
Authors: Deng Hongping , Ogilvie Gordon I 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The non-linear behaviour of low-viscosity warped discs is poorly understood. We verified a non-linear bending-wave theory, in which fluid columns undergo affine transformations, with direct 3D hydrodynamical simulations. We employed a second-order Godunov-type scheme, meshless finite mass (MFM), and also the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, with up to 128 million particles. For moderate non-linearity, MFM maintains well the steady non-linear warp predicted by the affine model for a tilted inviscid disc around a central object with a quadrupole moment. However, numerical dissipation in SPH is so severe that even a low-amplitude non-linear warp degrades at a resolution where MFM performs well. A low-amplitude arbitrary warp tends to evolve towards a non-linear steady state. However, no such state exists in our thin disc with an angular semithickness H/R = 0.02 when the outer tilt angle is beyond about 14°. The warp breaks tenuously and reconnects in adiabatic simulations, or breaks into distinct annuli in isothermal simulations. The breaking radius lies close to the location with the most extreme non-linear deformation. Parametric instability is captured only in our highest resolution simulation, leading to ring structures that may serve as incubators for planets around binaries.
Notes on a vanishing cosmological constant without Bose–Fermi cancellation
Authors: Satoh Yuji , Sugawara Yuji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We discuss how one can systematically construct point particle theories that realize the vanishing one-loop cosmological constant without Bose–Fermi cancellation. Our construction is based on the asymmetric (or non-geometric) orbifolds of supersymmetric string vacua. Using the building blocks of their partition functions and their modular properties, we construct theories which would be naturally identified with certain point particle theories including infinite mass spectra, but not with string vacua. They are obviously non-supersymmetric due to the mismatch of the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom at each mass level. Nevertheless, it is found that the one-loop cosmological constant vanishes, after removing the parameter effectively playing the role of the UV cut-off. As concrete examples we demonstrate the construction of models based on toroidal asymmetric orbifolds with Lie algebra lattices (Englert–Neveu lattices) by making use of the analysis given in Satoh and Sugawara (2017)
Effectiveness of Transdermal Buprenorphine for Pain Control in the ICU After Major Surgical Procedures
Authors: Patanwala Asad E. , Moran Benjamin , Johnstone Charlotte , Koelzow Heike , Penm Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Transdermal buprenorphine (TBUP) may be useful for postoperative pain after major surgery, when pain is expected to be severe and sustained. The objective of this study was to compare pain control and opioid consumption in critically ill postoperative patients who were treated with TBUP or not during ICU admission.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective, parallel, cohort study.

SETTING:
ICU of a quaternary, urban hospital in Sydney, Australia.

PATIENTS:
Data were obtained for all patients admitted to the ICU from January 2019 to July 2021 after major gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary (GU) surgery.

INTERVENTIONS:
TBUP or non-TBUP.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Pain control was compared between patients who received TBUP and those who did not receive TBUP. The primary outcome was the probability of significant pain. A significant pain score was defined as greater than or equal to 4 on the 0–10 numeric rating scale or greater than or equal to 6 on the behavioral pain scale. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for baseline differences. The cohort included 376 patients, with 224 (60%) in the control group and 152 (40%) in the TBUP group. The mean age was 60 ± 14 years, 202 (54%) were male, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score was 44 ± 13, and 147 (39%) received mechanical ventilation. After adjustment, the median probability of significant pain was 0.25 with control and 0.30 with TBUP (median difference, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.04–0.11; p = 0.44). The median opioid consumption (oral morphine milligram equivalents) per day was 5.7 mg with control and 10.1 mg with TBUP (median difference, 0.4 mg; 95% CI, –0.4 to 3.7 mg; p = 0.31).

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients who are admitted to the ICU after major GI or GU procedures, the use of TBUP in the ICU was not associated with improved pain control or opioid consumption compared with those who did not receive TBUP.
Assessing the Quality, Reliability, and Readability of Online Information on Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Oydanich Marko , Kuklinski Eric , Asbell Penny A. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the quality, reliability, readability, and technical quality of web sites relating to dry eye disease.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted that evaluated the first 75 web sites on a Google Search by using the keyword “dry eyes.” Each web site was evaluated by 2 independent reviewers using the DISCERN, HONcode, and JAMA criteria to assess quality and reliability. Interrater reliability was also analyzed. Readability was assessed using the Flesch–Kincaid readability tests and the Gunning fog, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Coleman–Liau, and automated readability indices. Technical quality was determined by the presence of 10 specific features. Web sites were further categorized into institutional (academic centers, medical associations, and government institutions) and private (private practices) categories.

Results:
There was no significant difference in scoring observed between the 2 reviewers. The overall mean DISCERN score ± standard error (SE) was 3.2 ± 0.1, the mean HONcode score (±SE) was 9.3 ± 0.3, and the mean JAMA score (±SE) was 1.9 ± 0.1. Institutional web sites had a higher DISCERN score (3.4 ± 0.1 vs. 3.1 ± 0.1; P < 0.05) and HONcode score (10.3 ± 0.5 vs. 8.8 ± 0.4; P < 0.05) than private sites. Technical quality was higher in institutional web sites compared with private web sites (P < 0.05). Readability was poor among all web sites, with most web sites not achieving below a ninth grade reading level.

Conclusions:
Quality, reliability, and readability scores were low for most web sites. Although institutional web sites achieved higher scores than private web sites, revision is warranted to improve their overall quality of information and readability profile.
Using a real-time ABCDEF compliance tool to understand the role of bundle elements in mortality and delirium
Authors: Shampo Jackson C. , Wenszell Kenneth , Luo-Owen Xian , Mukherjee Natalie , Cochran-Yu Meghan , Swentek Lourdes , Burruss Sigrid K. , Markovich Susan , Turay David , Dorotta Ihab R. , Mukherjee Kaushik 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
ABC-123, a novel Epic electronic medical record real-time score, assigns 0 to 3 points per bundle element to assess ABCDEF bundle compliance. We sought to determine if maximum daily ABC-123 score (ABC-MAX), individual bundle elements, and mobility were associated with mortality and delirium-free/coma-free intensive care unit (DF/CF-ICU) days in critically injured patients.

METHODS
We reviewed 6 months of single-center data (demographics, Injury Severity Score [ISS], Abbreviated Injury Scale of the head [AIS-Head] score, ventilator and restraint use, Richmond Agitation Sedation Score, Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU, ABC-MAX, ABC-123 subscores, and mobility level). Hospital mortality and likelihood of DF/CF-ICU days were endpoints for logistic regression with ISS, AIS-Head, surgery, penetrating trauma, sex, age, restraint and ventilator use, ABC-MAX or individual ABC-123 subscores, and mobility level or a binary variable representing any improvement in mobility during admission.

RESULTS
We reviewed 172 patients (69.8% male; 16.3% penetrating; median age, 50.0 years [IQR, 32.0–64.8 years]; ISS, 17.0 [11.0–26.0]; AIS-Head, 2.0 [0.0–3.0]). Of all patients, 66.9% had delirium, 48.8% were restrained, 51.7% were ventilated, and 11.0% died. Age, ISS, AIS-Head, and penetrating mechanism were associated with increased mortality. Restraints were associated with more than 70% reduction in odds of DF/CF-ICU days. Maximum daily ABC-123 score and mobility level were associated with decreased odds of death and increased odds of DF/CF-ICU days. Any improvement in mobility during hospitalization was associated with an 83% reduction in mortality odds. A and C subscores were associated with increased mortality, and A was also associated with decreased DF/CF-ICU days. B and D subscores were associated with increased DF/CF-ICU days. D and E subscores were associated with decreased mortality.

CONCLUSION
Maximum daily ABC-123 score is associated with reduced mortality and delirium in critically injured patients, while mobility is associated with dramatic reduction in mortality. B and D subscores have the strongest positive effects on both mortality and delirium.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management; Level III.
Engineering a Vaccine Platform using Rotavirus A to Express SARS-CoV-2 Spike Epitopes
Authors: Diebold Ola , Gonzalez Victoria , Venditti Luca , Sharp Colin , Blake Rosemary A. , Stevens Joanne , Caddy Sarah , Digard Paul , Borodavka Alexander , Gaunt Eleanor 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTHuman rotavirus (RV) vaccines used worldwide have been developed using live attenuated platforms. The recent development of a reverse genetics system for RVs has delivered the possibility of engineering chimeric viruses expressing heterologous peptides from other virus species to generate polyvalent vaccines. We tested the feasibility of this using two approaches. Firstly, we inserted short SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides into the hypervariable region of the simian SA11 RV strain viral protein (VP) 4. Secondly, we fused the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, or the shorter receptor binding motif (RBM) nested within the RBD, to the C-terminus of non-structural protein (NSP) 3 of the bovine RF strain RV, with or without an intervening T2A peptide. Mutating the hypervariable region of SA11 VP4 impeded viral replication, and for these mutants no cross-reactivity with spike antibodies was detected. To rescue NSP3 mutants, we established a plasmid-based reverse genetics system for the bovine RF strain. Except for the RBD mutant, all NSP3 mutants delivered endpoint titres and replication kinetics comparable to that of the WT virus. In ELISAs, cell lysates of an NSP3 mutant expressing the RBD peptide showed cross reactivity with a SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody. 3D bovine gut enteroids were susceptible to infection by all NSP3 mutants but only RBM mutant showed cross reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody. The tolerability of large peptide insertions in the NSP3 segment highlights the potential for this approach in the development of vaccine vectors targeting multiple enteric pathogens simultaneously.IMPORTANCEWe explored the use of rotaviruses (RVs) to express heterologous peptides, using SARS-CoV-2 as an exemplar. Small SARS-CoV-2 peptide insertion (<34 amino acids) into the hypervariable region of the viral protein 4 (VP4) of RV SA11 strain resulted in reduced viral titre and replication, thus limiting its use as a potential vaccine expression platform. To test RF strain for its tolerance for peptide insertions, we constructed a reverse genetics system. NSP3 was C-terminally tagged with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides of up to 193 amino acids. With a T2A-separated 193 amino acid tag on NSP3, there was little effect on the viral rescue efficiency, titre and replication. Tagged NSP3 elicited cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies in ELISA. This is the first report describing epitope tagging of VP4, and of a reverse genetics system for the RF strain. We highlight the potential for development of RV vaccine vectors targeting multiple enteric pathogens simultaneously.