bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating error in saw mark minimum kerf width measurements
Authors: VanBaarle Alexis L. , Garvin Heather M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMinimum kerf width (MKW) is often assessed in medicolegal cases of skeletal sharp force trauma and can provide information about the tool used. Previously published saw MKW research focuses on the relationship between MKW and saw blade set width (width of the saw blade including tooth set). Despite these publications using various measurement tools and methods to collect MKW, error in MKW measurements is not well‐documented. The goal of this research was to investigate MKW measurement precision in terms of intraobserver error, interobserver error, and the effects of measurement modality (e.g., calipers versus stereo microscope). The study sample consisted of 351 incomplete cuts made with 27 diverse saws. MKW was collected using three methods: (1) inserting the internal caliper jaws into the incomplete kerf, (2) placing the external caliper jaws on the cortical surface, and (3) using a digital stereo microscope and associated measurement software. For each method, intraobserver error and interobserver error were assessed. Differences in measurements taken with the three measurement modalities were assessed for each observer as well. Relative technical error of measurement (rTEM) and coefficients of reliability indicate that internal caliper and stereo microscope measurements had the lowest intra‐ and interobserver error (rTEM = 3.72% to 6.15%; r = 0.98–0.996). External caliper measurements performed the worst (rTEM: intra = 8.53% and inter = 21.32%). There was higher precision between internal caliper and stereo microscope measurements than with the external caliper measurements. This research highlights the need for measurement standardization.
Establishment of highly efficient transgenic system for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Kou Zongqing , Luo Xingyu , Jiang Yuguo , Chen Bihui , Song Yu , Wang Yaohui , Xu Jun , Tomberlin Jeffery K. , Huang Yongping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a promising insect for mitigating solid waste problems as its larvae are able to bioconvert organic waste into valuable biomass. We recently reported a high‐quality genome assembly of the BSF; analysis of this genome sequence will further the understanding of insect biology and identify genes that can be manipulated to improve efficiency of bioconversion. To enable genetic manipulation of the BSF, we have established the first transgenic methods for this economically important insect. We cloned and identified the ubiquitous actin5C promoter (Hiactin5C‐p3k) and 3 endogenous U6 promoters (HiU6:1, HiU6:2, and HiU6:3). The Hiactin5C promoter was used to drive expression of a hyperactive variant of the piggyBac transposase, which exhibited up to 6‐fold improvement in transformation rate when compared to the wild‐type transposase. Furthermore, we evaluated the 3 HiU6 promoters using this transgenic system. HiU6:1 and HiU6:2 promoters provided the highest knockdown efficiency with RNAi and are thus promising candidates for future Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) development. Overall, our findings provide valuable genetic engineering toolkits for basic research and genetic manipulation of the BSF.
Pathologically noninvasive cancer predictors and surgical procedure for peripheral lung cancer
Authors: Tsuchida Hiroyuki , Tanahashi Masayuki , Suzuki Eriko , Yoshii Naoko , Watanabe Takuya , Yobita Shogo , Uchiyama Suiha , Iguchi Kensuke , Nakamura Minori , Endo Takumi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn this retrospective study, based on recent studies reporting the superiority of sublobar resection to lobectomy for peripheral small size non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we investigated the optimal pathological factors for predicting noninvasive cancer and the selection of operative procedure.MethodsPatients with peripheral NSCLC of ≤2 cm who underwent surgery at our hospital between January 2010 and June 2020 were included in this study. We evaluated the relationship between pathologically noninvasive cancer and predictive factors according to the area under the curve (AUC) and accuracy, and the cutoff value was set to investigate indications for sublobar resection.ResultsThe comparison of the AUCs revealed that the maximum standardized uptake value and consolidation to tumor (C/T) volume ratio were better predictors than the C/T ratio. Among the three factors, the C/T volume ratio showed the best accuracy. The patients were divided into two groups (low and high) using the cutoff value of the C/T volume ratio and compared according to the surgical procedure (lobectomy vs. segmentectomy). In the low‐group, there was no significant difference in the prognosis. In the high‐group, the 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate of the patients who received lobectomy was 87.8%, while that of patients who received segmentectomy was 75.8% (p = 0.08).ConclusionsThe C/T volume ratio was the best preoperative pathologically noninvasive predictive factor. Sublobar resection should be performed with caution in cases with significant solid components on three‐dimensional images.
Lipoxin A4 depresses inflammation and promotes autophagy via AhR/mTOR/AKT pathway to suppress endometriosis
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Xiong , He Xiao‐Rong , Ding Xin‐Yu , Chen Jia‐Hao , Lei Yi‐Hong , Bai Jian‐Bing , Lin Dian‐Chao , Hong Yi‐Huang , Lan Jian‐Fa , Chen Qiong‐Hua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundEndometriosis is a benign gynecological disease with the feature of estrogen dependence and inflammation. The function of autophagy and the correlation with inflammation were not yet revealed.MethodsAutophagosomes were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was referred to analyze the expression of autophagy‐related genes. Quantification of mRNA and protein expression was examined by qRT‐PCR and Western Blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to explore the expression of proteins in tissues. The mouse model of endometriosis was performed to analyze the autophagic activity and effect of LXA4.ResultsThe expression of autophagy‐related genes in endometriotic lesions were unusually changed. The number of autophagosomes and LC3B‐II expression was diminished, and p62 was increased in ectopic lesions from both patients and mice. Interleukin 1β (IL1β) attenuated the expression of LC3B and promoted the level p62. The autophagy activator MG‐132 upregulated the expression of LC3B and reduced IL1β, IL6, and p62. LXA4 reversed the inhibitory effect of IL1β on the expression of LC3B and p62, and blocking the receptor of LXA4 AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) resulted in the incapacitation of LXA4 to influence the effect of IL1β. LXA4 depressed the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR to against IL1β, and blocking AhR negatively regulated the effect of LXA4 on AKT/mTOR pathway. LXA4 reduced the ectopic lesions and the expression of IL1β and p62, but enhanced LC3B‐II in endometriotic mouse models.ConclusionIn endometriosis, increased inflammation of ectopic lesions prominently depresses autophagy. LXA4 could regulate autophagy by suppressing inflammatory response through AhR/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Immune predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in patients with hepatitis B reactivation
Authors: Islam Mojahidul , Sevak Jayesh Kumar , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Jindal Ankur , Vyas Ashish Kumar , Bajpai Meenu , Ramakrishna Gayatri , Sarin Shiv Kumar , Trehanpati Nirupma 
Published: November 2022

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is sometimes observed in hepatitis B reactivation (rHBV), probably due to immune resetting and differentiation.AimsTo investigate sequential immune differentiation and abrogation of tolerance in patients with rHBV who achieved HBsAg seroconversion.MethodsWe included 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHBV; HBV DNA log103‐8), 67 with rHBV (raised ALT [>5XULN], HBV DNAlog104‐8) and 10 healthy controls. Immune differentiation, tolerance and functional status of CD4, CD8, T regulatory cells (Tregs), B cells and follicular T helper (Tfh) cells were assessed at baseline and 24 weeks.ResultsAt 24 weeks, 81% rHBV (n = 67) lost HBV DNA and HBeAg (41%), and 12 (19%) lost HBsAg and made anti‐HBs titers >10 IU/ml. rHBV patients had higher Th1/17, TEM, Tfh, Tfh1/17, plasma and ATM B cells, and lower Tregs, Th2, Th17 and TEMRA expression. rHBV showed lower PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX compared to CHBV. There was a significant increase in CD8, CD8EM, Tfh, Tfh1/17 and plasma B cells in seroconverters than non‐seroconverters. At 24 weeks, we also observed increased plasma B cell frequency in seroconverters. While non‐seroconverters showed higher expression of PD1, TIM3, LAG3, SLAM and TOX on CD4/CD8 T cells, blockade of PD1, TIM3, LAG3 and CTLA4 significantly enhanced IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐4 and IL‐21 expression on CD4/CD8 and Tfh cells in non‐seroconverters.ConclusionsNon‐seroconverters have increased inhibitory markers on CD4/CD8 T cells. There is a critical play of CD8, Tfh and B cells and subsets in seroclearance, along with checkpoint molecules as a potential therapy for non‐seroconverters in HBV infection.
Efficient Targeted Learning of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects for Multiple Subgroups
Authors: Wei Waverly , Petersen Maya , van der Laan Mark J , Zheng Zeyu , Wu Chong , Wang Jingshen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In biomedical science, analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity plays an essential role in assisting personalized medicine. The main goals of analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity include estimating treatment effects in clinically relevant subgroups and predicting whether a patient subpopulation might benefit from a particular treatment. Conventional approaches often evaluate the subgroup treatment effects via parametric modeling and can thus be susceptible to model mis-specifications. In this paper, we take a model-free semiparametric perspective and aim to efficiently evaluate the heterogeneous treatment effects of multiple subgroups simultaneously under the one-step targeted maximum-likelihood estimation (TMLE) framework. When the number of subgroups is large, we further expand this path of research by looking at a variation of the one-step TMLE that is robust to the presence of small estimated propensity scores in finite samples. From our simulations, our method demonstrates substantial finite sample improvements compared to conventional methods. In a case study, our method unveils the potential treatment effect heterogeneity of rs12916-T allele (a proxy for statin usage) in decreasing Alzheimer's disease risk.
Clinical utility of haematological inflammatory biomarkers in predicting 30‐day mortality in hospitalised adult patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Embaby Ahmed , Hamed Mohamed Gaber , Ebian Huda , El‐Korashi Lobna A. , Walaa Mohammad , Abd el‐Sattar Eman M. , Hanafy Amr Shaaban , Abdelmoneem Shimaa 
Published: November 2022

SummaryCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a multisystem disease affecting respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, immunological and haematological systems. The most important indices that have been studied are platelet (PLT) indices in addition to the PLT count and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). This retrospective study included 95 patients with COVID‐19 and was conducted at the Hospital Isolation, Scientific and Medical Research Centre and Clinical Pathology Department at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt over 6 months from March to August 2021. All patients on admission had a full blood count, which included white blood cell (WBC) count, haemoglobin, RDW, PLT count and its indices in addition to PLT‐to‐WBC ratio (PWR) and PLT‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), which were calculated for all the study patients. There were significant linear correlations for higher levels of the PLR, PWR and RDW and mortality rate (p = 0.03, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Moreover, on multivariable analysis the RDW, PLT count and PWR levels were independent prognostic predictors for mortality with a hazard ratio [HR] of 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.44, p = 0.002), 1.00 (95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.03) and 2.3 (95% CI 1.21–4.48, p = 0.01) respectively. The RDW and PLT indices are accessible predictors that can be valuable prognostic factors for survival assessment and risk stratification of COVID‐19.
The trace metal economy of the coral holobiont: supplies, demands and exchanges
Authors: Reich Hannah G. , Camp Emma F. , Roger Liza M. , Putnam Hollie M. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe juxtaposition of highly productive coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic waters has spurred substantial interest and progress in our understanding of macronutrient uptake, exchange, and recycling among coral holobiont partners (host coral, dinoflagellate endosymbiont, endolithic algae, fungi, viruses, bacterial communities). By contrast, the contribution of trace metals to the physiological performance of the coral holobiont and, in turn, the functional ecology of reef‐building corals remains unclear. The coral holobiont's trace metal economy is a network of supply, demand, and exchanges upheld by cross‐kingdom symbiotic partnerships. Each partner has unique trace metal requirements that are central to their biochemical functions and the metabolic stability of the holobiont. Organismal homeostasis and the exchanges among partners determine the ability of the coral holobiont to adjust to fluctuating trace metal supplies in heterogeneous reef environments. This review details the requirements for trace metals in core biological processes and describes how metal exchanges among holobiont partners are key to sustaining complex nutritional symbioses in oligotrophic environments. Specifically, we discuss how trace metals contribute to partner compatibility, ability to cope with stress, and thereby to organismal fitness and distribution. Beyond holobiont trace metal cycling, we outline how the dynamic nature of the availability of environmental trace metal supplies can be influenced by a variability of abiotic factors (e.g. temperature, light, pH, etc.). Climate change will have profound consequences on the availability of trace metals and further intensify the myriad stressors that influence coral survival. Lastly, we suggest future research directions necessary for understanding the impacts of trace metals on the coral holobiont symbioses spanning subcellular to organismal levels, which will inform nutrient cycling in coral ecosystems more broadly. Collectively, this cross‐scale elucidation of the role of trace metals for the coral holobiont will allow us to improve forecasts of future coral reef function.
has_circ_0070512 promotes prostate cancer progression by regulating the miR‐338‐3p/hedgehog signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Pingxin , Gao Hang , Yan Ruping , Yu Lu , Xia Chengxing , Yang Delin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non‐coding RNA that plays a vital role in biology. circRNAs appear to have a role in the development and progression of several malignancies, according to research. However, circRNAs that regulate prostate cancer (PCa) progression are still largely unknown and deserve further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hsa_circ_0070512 on the function and mechanism of PCa. hsa_circ_0070512 was increased in PCa tissues and cells and was mostly found in the cytoplasm of PCa cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0070512 considerably increased PCa cell proliferation and migration, whereas silencing of hsa_circ_0070512 greatly decreased PCa cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, we show that hsa_circ_0070512 acts as a “molecular sponge” for miR‐338‐3p and that the miR‐338‐3p mimics partially block the pro‐tumor effects of hsa_circ_0070512. RNA sequencing analysis of PC3 cells stably overexpressing hsa_circ_0070512 revealed that hedgehog was downstream of the signaling pathways of hsa_circ_0070512 and miR‐338‐3p. Our results implied that hsa_circ_0070512 regulated the hedgehog signaling pathways through miR‐338‐3p to enhance PCa growth and migration, providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for PCa.
Mind the gap: Intended versus perceived human resource practices and knowledge sharing of line managers and employees
Authors: Andreeva Tatiana , Kabalina Veronika , Muratbekova‐Touron Maral 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how human resource (HR) management can stimulate knowledge sharing among employees has received considerable attention recently. However, the extant research has focused predominantly on which HR practices are used and has paid little attention to how they are implemented. Building on both perspectives, we explore the nature of the gaps between intended and perceived HR practices and the effects of these gaps on knowledge‐sharing behaviours. Based on a survey of 198 respondents from a high‐tech company, we found that the gaps between intended and perceived HR practices (a) can be multidirectional, that is, both underestimation and overestimation of HR practices exist; (b) differ in their magnitude between line managers and employees; and (c) have varied effects on knowledge‐sharing behaviours—they can be positive, negative or have no impact, and these effects differ between line managers and employees. We discuss a range of conceptual, methodological and practice implications of these findings.
“The ethos expected from a management professor forces us to act straight”: Heterosexist harassment against gay professors in Brazil
Authors: de Freitas Oleto Alice , Palhares José Vitor 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study aims to analyze how gay Brazilian professors experience heterosexist harassment and the implications of this type of violence for the interpersonal relationships of these professors and for the teaching‐learning process in the academic environment. To this end, we conducted an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. The data were collected through an online survey using the Google Forms platform based on cases reported by 13 gay Brazilian professors working in a technological or higher education institution at the time of the harassment. Our data suggest that most respondents suffered heterosexist harassment in the workplace with violence being more explicit when the professor is more effeminate. Furthermore, we found that the naturalization of games considered harmless and homophobic jokes in the workplace can compromise the fight against heterosexist harassment in organizations. As a result, respondents report behavioral and workplace changes to fit into social norms and to be socially accepted, physical and psychological problems, professional and interpersonal relationships, adversely affecting educational experiences.
NTRK‐rearranged spindle cell neoplasms are ubiquitous tumours of myofibroblastic lineage with a distinct methylation class
Authors: Tauziède‐Espariat Arnault , Duchesne Mathilde , Baud Jessica , Le Quang Mégane , Bochaton Dorian , Azmani Rihab , Croce Sabrina , Hostein Isabelle , Kesrouani Carole , Guillemot Delphine , Pierron Gaëlle , Bourdeaut Franck , Cardoen Liesbeth , Hasty Lauren , Lechapt Emmanuèle , Métais Alice , Chrétien Fabrice , Puget Stéphanie , Varlet Pascale , Le Loarer François 
Published: November 2022

AimsNTRK gene fusions have been described in a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) and soft tissue tumours, including the provisional tumour type ‘spindle cell neoplasm, NTRK‐rearranged’ (SCN–NTRK), added to the 2020 World Health Organisation Classification of Soft Tissue Tumours. Because of histopathological and molecular overlaps with other soft tissue entities, controversy remains concerning the lineage and terminology of SCN–NTRK.Methods and resultsThis study included 16 mesenchymal tumours displaying kinase gene fusions (NTRK fusions and one MET fusion) initially diagnosed as infantile fibrosarcomas (IFS), SCN–NTRK and adult‐type fibrosarcomas from the soft tissue, viscera and CNS. We used immunohistochemistry, DNA methylation profiling, whole RNA‐sequencing and ultrastructural analysis to characterise them. Unsupervised t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding analysis showed that 11 cases (two CNS tumours and nine extra‐CNS) formed a unique and new methylation cluster, while all tumours but one, initially diagnosed as IFS, clustered in a distinct methylation class. All the tumours except one formed a single cluster within the hierarchical clustering of whole RNA‐sequencing data. Tumours from the novel methylation class co‐expressed CD34 and S100, had variable histopathological grades and frequently displayed a CDKN2A deletion. Ultrastructural analyses evidenced a myofibroblastic differentiation.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that SCN‐NTRK share similar features in adults and children and in all locations combine an infiltrative pattern, distinct epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, and ultrastructural evidence of a myofibroblastic lineage. Further studies may support the use of new terminology to better describe their myofibroblastic nature.
Pregnancy outcomes and pharmacokinetics in pregnant women living with HIV exposed to long‐acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine in clinical trials
Authors: Patel Parul , Ford Susan L. , Baker Mark , Meyer Claudia , Garside Louise , D'Amico Ronald , Van Solingen‐Ristea Rodica , Crauwels Herta , Polli Joseph W. , Seal Ciara , Yagüe Muñoz Itziar , Thiagarajah Shanker , Birmingham Eileen , Spreen William R. , Baugh Bryan , van Wyk Jean , Vannappagari Vani 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist on pregnant women living with HIV exposed to cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB + RPV). Outcomes in pregnant participants exposed to CAB + RPV, and pharmacokinetic washout data in those exposed to CAB + RPV long‐acting (LA) with live births, are presented.MethodsWomen exposed to one or more doses of CAB + RPV (oral/LA) from ViiV Healthcare‐sponsored phase 2b/3/3b clinical trials and the compassionate use programme who became pregnant were included. Upon pregnancy in the trial programme, CAB + RPV was discontinued, an alternative antiretroviral regimen was initiated, and quarterly pharmacokinetic sampling for 52 weeks post‐last injection was obtained. CAB + RPV continuation or alternative antiretroviral regimen initiation was decided by pregnant compassionate use programme participants and their treating physicians.ResultsAs of 31 March 2021, 25 pregnancies following CAB + RPV exposure at conception were reported (five oral, 20 LA), including four who conceived during pharmacokinetic washout following treatment discontinuation. There were eight elective abortions, six miscarriages (five in first trimester), one ectopic pregnancy, and 10 live births (one oral, nine LA), including one infant born with congenital ptosis. Among participants exposed to CAB + RPV LA at conception with live births, plasma CAB and RPV washout concentrations during pregnancy were within the range of those observed in non‐pregnant women.ConclusionIn this first analysis of pregnancy outcomes following CAB + RPV exposure at conception, 10 live births, including one with congenital anomaly, were reported. Plasma CAB and RPV washout concentrations during pregnancy were within the range of those in non‐pregnant women. Pregnancy surveillance within ViiV Healthcare‐sponsored clinical trials is ongoing, with dedicated pregnancy studies planned.