bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constrained Large-Displacement Thermal Analysis
Authors: Shabana Ahmed A. , Elbakly Mahmoud , Zhang Dayu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two different cases are encountered in the thermal analysis of solids. In the first case, continua are not subject to boundary and motion constraints and all material points experience same displacement-gradient changes as the result of application of thermal loads. In this case, referred to as unconstrained thermal expansion, the thermal load produces uniform stress-free motion within the continuum. In the second case, point displacements due to boundary and motion constraints are restricted, and therefore, continuum points do not move freely when thermal loads are applied. This second case, referred to as constrained thermal expansion, leads to thermal stresses and its study requires proper identification of the independent coordinates which represent expansion degrees-of-freedom. To have objective evaluation and comparison between the two cases of constrained and unconstrained thermal expansion, the reference-configuration geometry is accurately described using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) finite elements. ANCF position-gradient vectors have unique geometric meanings as tangent to coordinate lines, allowing systematic description of the two different cases of unconstrained and constrained thermal expansions using multiplicative decomposition of the matrix of position-gradient vectors. Furthermore, generality of the approach for large-displacement thermal analysis requires using the Lagrange–D'Alembert principle for proper treatment of algebraic constraint equations. Numerical results are presented to compare two different expansion cases, demonstrate use of the new approach, and verify its results by comparing with conventional finite element (FE) approaches.
A Numerical Study on Spray Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of n-Heptane, Dimethyl Ether, and Their Blends in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Authors: Sahu Balram , Srivastava Dhananjay Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dimethyl ether appears to be a better choice among various diesel alternatives due to its high cetane number and sootless combustion. However, the physical and chemical properties of dimethyl ether are very different from those of diesel. The physical properties influence spray formation and atomization characteristics, while chemical properties determine combustion and emission formation characteristics. Thus, fuel's physical and chemical properties significantly determine engine performance and emissions. In the present work, spray combustion and emission formation characteristics of n-heptane, dimethyl ether, and their blends (10, 25, and 50% dimethyl ether in n-heptane) were numerically studied in a constant volume chamber. Results show that the n-heptane spray combustion has the highest heat release rate with an intense premix combustion phase, whereas dimethyl ether spray combustion has the lowest heat release rate and shortest premix combustion phase. The magnitude of the premixed phase and heat release rate decreases with the increase in dimethyl ether mass fraction in the blends. Soot, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), and nitric oxide (NO) emissions decreased with the increase in the dimethyl ether mass fraction in the blends and were lowest for the dimethyl ether.
Thermal Fractionation of Polyolefins: Brief History, New Developments and Future Perspective
Authors: Zhao X. T. , Men Y. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For semi-crystalline polymer materials, the difference in chain structure often leads to different physical properties; therefore, in-depth analysis of the chain structure is of great significance. With the continuous development of advanced instruments, many research means have emerged to characterize the structure of molecular chains. Among them, fractionation techniques provide effectively structural information on inter- and intra-molecular comonomer distribution, branching degree, and sequence length, etc. This work briefly presents the history of developments of various classical fractionation means such as temperature-rising elution fractionation, stepwise crystallization and successive self-nucleation and annealing, while focusing on the present and future of their applications.
Evidence at time of regulatory approval and cost of new antibiotics in 2016-19: cohort study of FDA approved drugs
Authors: Mitra-Majumdar Mayookha , Powers John H , Brown Beatrice L , Kesselheim Aaron S 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo review the clinical evidence, regulatory background, and cost of antibiotics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 2016-19.DesignCohort study of FDA approved drugs.Data sourcesFDA databases, ClinicalTrials.gov, and drug labelling. Launch prices were extracted from IBM Micromedex Red Book.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesAntibiotics approved by the FDA from October 2016 to December 2019 were identified, and key features of their clinical development were extracted from publicly available FDA databases, ClinicalTrials.gov, and drug labelling. Launch prices were extracted from IBM Micromedex Red Book to evaluate the cost of treatment against comparators.Results15 new antibiotics received at least one special regulatory designation and were supported by a median of two pivotal trials. More than half of the pivotal trials used an active control non-inferiority design. All drugs were approved based on surrogate outcome measures. 52 postmarketing requirements and commitments were included across the cohort (median 3 for each drug). From January 2021, 27 postmarketing requirements and commitments were listed as pending, seven as ongoing, three as delayed, one as submitted, eight as released, and four as fulfilled. The most expensive new antibiotic was pretomanid at $36 399 (£29 618; €34 582) for a course of treatment, and the least expensive was rifamycin ($176). Cost ratios between study drugs and comparators ranged from 0.48 to 134.ConclusionsNew antibiotics have been approved by the FDA in recent years mostly based on fewer, smaller, and non-inferiority pivotal trials that often used surrogate outcome measures but were commonly more costly. Efforts to incentivise the development of antibiotics should balance growing the antibiotic development pipeline with ensuring that clinical trials provide clinically relevant evidence of effectiveness in showing added benefits for the patient.
Needs of informal caregivers of people with a rare disease: a rapid review of the literature
Authors: Mcmullan Julie , Lohfeld Lynne , McKnight Amy Jayne 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesMany people living with a rare disease (RD) are cared for by a family member. Due to a frequent lack of individual RD knowledge from healthcare professionals, the patient and their informal caregiver are frequently obliged to become ‘experts’ in their specific condition. This puts a huge strain on family life and results in caregivers juggling multiple roles in addition to unique caring roles including as advocate, case manager and medical navigator. We conducted a rapid review of literature reporting on the unmet needs of informal caregivers for people living with an RD. All searches were conducted on 14 September 2021, followed by a manual searches of reference lists on 21 September 2021.SettingSearches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, GreyLit and OpenGrey.ResultsThirty-five papers were included in the final review and data extracted. This rapid review presents several unmet needs identified by informal caregivers of persons with an RD. The related literature was organised thematically: caregiver burden, support through the diagnosis process, social needs, financial needs, psychological needs, information and communication needs and acknowledgement from healthcare professionals.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence that increased meaningful support is required for caregivers. Active engagement should be encouraged from this cohort in future research and awareness raised of the support available to improve the quality of life for families living with an RD. The unmet needs identified through this review will benefit people living with an RD, caregivers, healthcare professionals and policy makers.
Exercise oxygen desaturation is a predictor of cardiopulmonary complications after lung resection
Authors: Fukui Mariko , Matsunaga Takeshi , Hattori Aritoshi , Takamochi Kazuya , Oh Shiaki , Nojiri Shuko , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundTo investigate whether oxygen desaturation during low technology tests was associated with complications after lung resection.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1097 candidates for pulmonary resection; seven metabolic equivalents in the Master’s double two-step test were loaded. The predicted postoperative (PPO) forced expiratory volume in 1 s and PPO diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide were estimated. The patients were divided into three groups: those with both values ≥60% (≥60% group (n=298)), either value <30% (<30% group (n=112)) and others (30%–60% group (n=687)). The relationships between postoperative cardiopulmonary complications and exercise stress test based on availability, symptoms and percutaneous oxygen saturation values were investigated in each group.ResultsΤhe cardiopulmonary morbidity rates in the ≥60%, 30%–60%, and <30% groups were 7.7%, 14.6%, and 47.3%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that predictors of complications were age (OR 0.96; p<0.001), male sex (OR 1.74; p=0.016) and exercise oxygen desaturation (EOD) >4% (OR 2.39; p=0.001) in the 30%–60% group, and male sex (OR 3.76; p=0.042) and EOD >4% (OR 2.28; p=0.030) in the <30% group.The two-flight test (TFT) was performed in 181 patients (22.8%); desaturation >4% in the TFT was also a predictor of complications.ConclusionsA low technology test is also valuable for high-risk patients. EOD >4% is a predictor of postoperative complications.Clinical registrationThis study is a non-interventional observational study and has not been registered in a public database. The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Juntendo University School of Medicine (no. 2016085).
Outcomes in patients with moderate and asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis followed up in heart valve clinics
Authors: Paolisso Pasquale , Beles Monika , Belmonte Marta , Gallinoro Emanuele , De Colle Cristina , Mileva Niya , Bertolone Dario Tino , Deschepper Celine , Spapen Jerrold , Brouwers Sofie , Degrieck Ivan , Casselman Filip , Stockman Bernard , Van Praet Frank , Penicka Martin , Collet Carlos , Wyffels Eric , Vanderheyden Marc , Barbato Emanuele , Bartunek Jozef , Van Camp Guy 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundHeart valve clinics (HVC) have been introduced to manage patients with valvular heart disease within a multidisciplinary team.ObjectiveTo determine the outcome benefit of HVC approach compared with standard of care (SOC) for patients with moderate and asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis (mAS and asAS).MethodsSingle-centre, observational registry of patients with mAS and asAS with at least one cardiac ambulatory consultation at our Cardiovascular Centre. Based on the outpatient strategy, patients were divided into HVC group, if receiving at least one visit at HVC, and SOC group, if followed by routine cardiac consultations.Results2129 patients with mAS and asAS were divided into those followed in HVC (n=251) versus SOC group (n=1878). The mean age was 76.5±12.4 years; 919 (43.2%) had asAS. During a follow-up of 4.8±1.8 years, 822 patients (38.6%) died, 307 (14.4%) were hospitalised for heart failure and 596 (28%) underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR). After propensity score matching, the number of consultations per year, exercise stress tests, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) determinations and CTs were higher in the HVC cohort (p<0.05 for all). A shorter time between indication of AVR and less advanced New York Heart Association class was reported in the HVC cohort (p<0.001 and p=0.032). Compared with SOC, the HVC approach was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (HR=0.63, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98, p=0.038) and cardiovascular death (p=0.030). At multivariable analysis, the HVC remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR=0.54, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.85, p=0.007).ConclusionsIn patients with mAS and asAS, the HVC approach was associated with more efficient management and outcome benefit compared with SOC.
Variants inBSNgene associated with epilepsy with favourable outcome
Authors: Ye Tingting , Zhang Jiwei , Wang Jie , Lan Song , Zeng Tao , Wang Huaili , He Xuelian , Li Bing-Mei , Deng Weiwen , Liao Wei-Ping , Liu Xiao-Rong 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundBSNgene encodes Bassoon, an essential protein to assemble the cytomatrix at the active zone of neurotransmitter release. This study aims to explore the relationship betweenBSNvariants and epilepsy.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 313 cases (trios) with epilepsies of unknown causes. Additional cases withBSNvariants were collected from China Epilepsy Gene V.1.0 Matching Platform. The Clinical Validity Framework of ClinGen was used to evaluate the relationship betweenBSNvariants and epilepsy.ResultsFour pairs of compound heterozygous variants and one cosegregating heterozygous missense variant inBSNwere identified in five unrelated families. These variants presented statistically higher frequency in the case cohort than in controls. Additional two de novo heterozygous nonsense variants and one cosegregating heterozygous missense variant were identified in three unrelated cases from the gene matching platform, which were not present in the Genome Aggregation Database. The missense variants tended to be located in C-terminus, including the two monoallelic missense variants. Protein modelling showed that at least one missense variant in each pair of compound heterozygous variants had hydrogen bond alterations. Clinically, two cases were diagnosed as idiopathic generalised epilepsy, two as focal epilepsy and the remaining four as epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. Seven out of eight probands showed infancy or childhood-onset epilepsy. Eight out of 10 affected individuals had a history of febrile convulsions. All the cases were seizure-free. The cases with monoallelic variants achieved seizure-free without treatment or under monotherapy, while cases with biallelic missense variants mostly required combined therapy. The evidence from ClinGen Framework suggested an association betweenBSNvariants and epilepsy.ConclusionTheBSNgene was potentially a novel candidate gene for epilepsy. The phenotypical severity was associated with the genotypes and the molecular subregional effects of the variants.
Facilitators and barriers of vaccine uptake in patients with autoimune inflammatory rheumatic disease: a scoping review
Authors: Neusser Silke , Neumann Anja , zur Nieden Pauline , Speckemeier Christian , Schlierenkamp Sarah , Walendzik Anke , Karbach Ute , Andreica Ioana , Vaupel Kristina , Baraliakos Xenofon , Kiltz Uta 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesPatients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) often have lower vaccination coverage rates compared with the general population, despite being disproportionately affected by infectious complications. We aim to systematically review the literature regarding vaccination willingness and hesitancy in AIRD.MethodsA scoping review was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library in June 2021. Study selection was performed by two independent reviewers and data were extracted using a standardised form. Risk of bias was assessed using instruments from McMaster University. Identified barriers were categorised into the WHO’s measuring behavioural and social drivers (BeSD) of vaccination conceptual model.ResultsThe search yielded 1644 hits of which 30 publications were included (cross-sectional studies based on interviews (n=27) and intervention studies (n=3)). The majority of studies reported barriers to influenza and pneumococcal vaccination only (n=9) or in combination with another vaccination (n=8) from the patients’ perspective. Only one study assessed the view of rheumatologists. Coverage of domains matched to the BeSD model suggests a lack of awareness of infection risk by both patients and physicians. Patients mainly mentioned behavioural and social factors that negatively influenced their willingness to be vaccinated while physicians mentioned organisational deficits as major barriers.ConclusionsThe view on vaccination in patients with AIRD diverges between patients and rheumatologists. Our results show that in-depth counselling on vaccines is important for patients, whereas physicians need support in implementing specific immunisation recommendations. The themes identified provide a starting point for future interventions to improve vaccine rates in patients with AIRD.
Insights on assessing image processing approaches towards health status of plant leaf using machine learning
Authors: Raju Harsha , Narasimhaiah Veena Kalludi 
Published: December 2022

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">With the advancement of digital image processing in agriculture and crop cultivation, imaging techniques are adopted to acquire real-time health status. Out of all the parts of plants, the leaf is the direct indicator of its health status, and hence applying various image processing approaches could benefit the process of yielding informative cases of plant health. At present, there are various approaches, e.g., feature extraction, segmentation, identification, the classification being evolved up with more dependencies being found in using machine learning; the studies show many contributions towards this challenge. However, it is not yet conclusive to understand the optimal approach. Hence, this paper highlights an explicit strength and weakness associated with the existing approaches existing imaging processing techniques to identify the disease condition from an input of plant leaves' image. The study also contributes to highlighting open-end research problems to have conclusive remarks about effectiveness. </span></p>
Evaluation of massive multiple-input multiple-output communication performance under a proposed improved minimum mean squared error precoding
Authors: Kadhim Dheyaa Jasim , Saleh Muna Hadi , Abou-Loukh Sadiq Jassim 
Published: December 2022

<span lang="EN-US">The fundamental of a downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) energy- issue efficiency strategy is known as minimum mean squared error (MMSE) implementation degrades the performance of a downlink massive MIMO energy-efficiency scheme, so some improvements are adding for this precoding scheme to improve its workthat is called our proposal solution as a proposed improved MMSE precoder (PIMP). The energy efficiency (EE) study has also taken into mind drastically lowering radiated power while maintaining high throughput and minimizing interference issues. We further find the tradeoff between spectral efficiency (SE) and EE although they coincide at the beginning but later their interests become conflicting and divergent then leading EE to decrease so gradually while SE continues increasing logarithmically. The results achieved that for a single-cellular massive MU-MIMO downlink model, our PIMP scheme is the appropriate scenario to achieve higher precoding performance system. Furthermore, both maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and PIMP are suitable for performance improvement in massive MIMO results of EE and SE. So, the main contribution comes with this work that highest EE and SE are belong to use a PIMP which performs better appreciably than MRT at bigger ratio of number of antennas to the number of the users. </span>
Extreme Hydrometeorological Conditions and Changes in the Amu Darya River Basin in Central Asia
Authors: Murodov Amirkhamza , Cuo Lan , Li Ning , Murodov Davlatkhudzha , Hou Mei , Hussain Gulfam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Amu Darya contributed 70% of the flow to the Aral Sea in central Asia before the 1960s, when the Amu Darya streamflow to the Aral Sea started to dwindle. The severe environmental and socioeconomic disaster happened mainly due to intensified water abstraction with the backdrop of climate change. However, knowledge of up to the most recent extreme climate conditions and their changes, as well as their relations to streamflow in the basin, is still lacking. This study aims to understand extreme hydrometeorological conditions and their changes, as well as their relations in the past several decades, especially in the upper Amu Darya basin. The spatial patterns of the means of all extreme temperature indices followed the elevation gradient. The majority of the basin showed an increasing trend in extreme warm events but a decreasing trend in extreme cold events. The north of the upper basin had over 1000 mm annual precipitation, and the east had less than 300 mm annual precipitation. Overall, the upper Amu Darya basin underwent a wetting and warming annual trend. Annual streamflow in the upper subbasins was less than 750 m3 s−1, but together they produced over 1500 m3 s−1 flow in the middle reach and basin outlet. Streamflow change varied among subbasins. Correlations between climatic factors and streamflow at annual time steps were weak but distinct at monthly time steps with lagged effects. In highland subbasins with high coverage of glaciers and snow, temperature minima and maxima impacts were opposite and overwhelmed precipitation, whereas in lowland subbasins, precipitation was more important.