bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns in neighbourhood effects on woody plant selection and bark stripping by deer in a lowland alluvial forest
Authors: Holík Jan , Janík David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractQuestionsUngulate herbivory and its impact on one plant species may be driven by other plants in the neighbourhood. Although such neighbourhood effects have long been recognized, there is limited understanding of how spatial variation in these effects relates to local plant density and distances between plants. Our goal was to examine if the density of or distance to conspecific and heterospecific neighbouring woody individuals produces neighbourhood effects on bark stripping by deer, and how these effects differ in spatial scale and type (reduce/increase herbivory).LocationLowland old‐growth forest, Czech Republic.MethodsWoody individuals were assessed for evidence of bark stripping and the level of damage done by deer in a square 4‐ha plot, mapping all woody stems ≥1 cm diameter at breast height. The spatial distribution of stripping was used to examine neighbourhood effects using spatial point pattern methods.ResultsThe density and distance to neighbours and species identity of focal and neighbouring individuals contributed to a large spatial variation in neighbourhood effects (up to distances of 2–30 m from neighbours). Neighbourhood effects arose mainly from the interactions between neighbouring shrub species and all tree species, and interactions between individual species pairs. Neighbourhood effects more often increased than reduced the stripping of focal individuals. The stripping of Ulmus laevis, Acer campestre and Crataegus laevigata increased near conspecifics, while the stripping of all tree species was more likely near Ulmus laevis, Fraxinus angustifolia and shrubs. Heterospecific tree species were less susceptible to stripping near Tilia cordata and especially Carpinus betulus.ConclusionOur study provides new insight into neighbourhood effects by showing how and at which spatial scales woody plant interactions modify deer herbivory. We advocate considering the life stage and relevant plant traits with multivariate spatial methods in order to elucidate the role of neighbourhood effects in complex plant communities.
Making noncitizens' rights real: Evidence from immigration scam complaints
Authors: Pedroza Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNoncitizens seeking to make sense of US immigration systems encounter a labyrinth of information and deception. This paper is the first national study of scams targeting noncitizens seeking immigration legal services. I construct a county‐year database (N = 3135 over a four‐year time period, 2011–2014) across secondary data sources to analyze the correlates of immigration scam complaints submitted to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). I find that welcoming counties have more immigration scam complaints, while counties with exclusionary contexts tend to have fewer complaints. The results do not suggest that scams are more prevalent in welcoming contexts, because the actual number of scams is unknown. Instead, we can conclude that noncitizens tend to come forward to report immigration scams in welcoming contexts of reception, even after accounting for exclusionary policies. A robust safety net proved the most reliable predictor of immigration scams reported to the FTC. The concentration of immigration attorneys, legal aid services, and language access was also positively associated with the number of FTC scam reports. Taken together, these results suggest that immigrant‐serving capacity and access to key services support noncitizens who report immigration scams, while hostility toward immigrants may deter them from exercising those same rights.
Efficacy and safety of percutaneous cryoablation for elderly patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Luo Jing , Dong Zheng , Xie Hui , Zhang Wei , An Linjing , Yu Zhe , Chang Xiujuan , Chen Yan , Yang Wuwei , Hu Kaiwen , Liu Fuquan , Yang Yongping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsManagement of elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a major concern. Some data suggest that cryoablation improves the outcomes of elderly patients with HCC, but its efficacy and safety remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cryoablation with those of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for elderly HCC patients.MethodsIn all, 223 patients with small HCC aged ≥70 years, treatment‐naïve, without metastasis were enrolled and randomized into a cryoablation group (n = 112) or a RFA (n = 111) group from July 2015 to October 2018. The primary endpoint was local tumour progression (LTP) at 3 years after treatment. The secondary endpoints including overall survival (OS), tumour‐free survival (TFS), LTP and safety were analysed for these two groups after both treatments.ResultsLTP rates at 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year were 12%, 17% and 20% for cryoablation and 17%, 18% and 21% for RFA respectively (P = .735). For lesions >3 cm in diameter, LTP rates at 1‐ and 3‐year were 13% and 22% in cryoablation group and 22% and 42% respectively, in the RFA group (P = .039). The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS rates were 90, 75% and 62% for cryoablation and 90%, 68% and 63% for RFA respectively (P = .331). The 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year TFS rates were 59%, 32% and 25% in the cryoablation and 59%, 28% and 20% in the RFA respectively (P = .309). Major complications occurred in 6 patients (5%) following cryoablation and 6 patients (6%) following RFA (P = .886).ConclusionCryoablation and RFA had similar LTP in elderly patients with small HCC and this study failed to meet the primary endpoint, although for a relatively large early‐stage HCC the LTP rate after cryoablation was significantly lower than that after RFA.
On the Estimation of True State Dependence in the Persistence of Innovation*
Authors: Arroyabe Marta F. , Schumann Martin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the persistence often found in firms’ innovation and advances current research by investigating its actual nature. Previous studies have aimed at disentangling true state dependence from spurious state dependence by using a random effects (RE) dynamic panel probit approach, thereby imposing strong conditions on the underlying structure of the unobserved heterogeneity. Building on recent advances in the econometric literature, which allows for true fixed effects estimation of dynamic nonlinear panel data models, we demonstrate that relaxing the assumptions on the unobserved heterogeneity can have a considerable effect on the estimates of true state dependence. While we confirm the existence of a strong persistence of innovation in firms, we however find that true state dependence only explains about half of the persistent behaviour displayed by firms; this is in contrast to the popular RE methodology that attributes 70% to 100% of persistence to true state dependence. Our results suggest that policy programs aimed at encouraging initial innovations alone are useful but may not possess a long‐term stimulating effect on innovation activity.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing practices for prevention of childhood obesity in primary care: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Ray Devashish , Sniehotta Falko , McColl Elaine , Ells Louisa 
Published: January 2022

SummaryPrimary care providers (PCPs) have an important role in prevention of excess weight gain in pre‐school children. Guidelines exist to support PCPs' practices. This systematic review of PCPs' practice behaviors and their perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of implementation of guidelines was the first step toward the development of an intervention aimed at supporting PCPs. Five databases were searched to identify qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies which examined PCPs' practice patterns and factors influencing implementation of recommended practices. The convergent integrated approach of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for mixed methods reviews was used for data synthesis. Following analyses, the resultant factors were mapped onto the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation model of Behaviour (COM‐B). Fifty studies met the eligibility criteria. PCPs inconsistently implement recommended practices. Barriers and facilitators were identified at the provider (e.g., lack of knowledge), parent (e.g., lack motivation), and organization level (e.g., inadequate training). Factors were mapped to all three components of the COM‐B model: psychological capability (e.g., lack of skills), reflective motivation (e.g., beliefs about guidelines), automatic motivation (e.g., discomfort), physical opportunity (e.g., time constraints), and social opportunity (e.g., stigma). These findings reflect the complexity of implementation of childhood obesity prevention practices.
Hepatic artery flow, inspired oxygen, and hemoglobin determine liver tissue saturation measured with visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (vis‐DRS) in an in vivo swine model
Authors: Voulgarelis Stylianos , Fathi Faraneh , Yu Bing , Palkovic Barbara , Chatzizacharias Nikolaos A. , Allen Kenneth P. , Stucke Astrid G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrompt diagnosis of vascular compromise following pediatric liver transplantation and restoration of oxygen delivery to the liver improves organ survival. vis‐DRS allows for real‐time measurement of liver tissue saturation.MethodsThe current study used vis‐DRS to determine changes in liver saturation during clinically relevant conditions of reduced oxygen delivery. In an in vivo swine model (n = 15), we determined liver tissue saturation (StO2) during stepwise reduction in hepatic artery flow, different inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2), and increasing hemodilution. A custom vis‐DRS probe was placed directly on the organ.ResultsLiver tissue saturation decreased significantly with a decrease in hepatic artery flow. A reduction in hepatic artery flow to 25% of baseline reduced the StO2 by 15.3 ± 1.4% at FiO2 0.3 (mean ± SE, p < .0013), and by 8.3 ± 1.9% at FiO2 1.0 (p = .0013). After hemodilution to 7–8 g/dl, StO2 was reduced by 31.8% ± 2.7%, p < .001 (FiO2 0.3) and 26.6 ± 2.7%, p < .001 (FiO2: 1.0) respectively. Portal venous saturation during low hepatic artery flow was consistently higher at FiO2 1.0. The gradient between portal venous saturation and liver tissue saturation was consistently greater at lower hemoglobin levels (7.0 ± 1.6% per g/dl hemoglobin, p < .001).ConclusionsVis‐DRS showed prompt changes in liver tissue saturation with decreases in hepatic artery blood flow. At hepatic artery flows below 50% of baseline, liver saturation depended on FiO2 and hemoglobin concentration suggesting that during hepatic artery occlusion, packed red blood cell transfusion and increased FiO2 may be useful measures to reduce hypoxic damage until surgical revascularization.
A tactile graphic book with Braille and audio use improved plaque score and toothbrushing performance in visually impaired individuals
Authors: PinKwan Padthaisong , Woranun Prapansilp , Praphasri Rirattanapong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of embossed tactile graphic books and Braille with an audio file for oral health education for visually impaired individuals.Materials and MethodsForty visually impaired individuals (9–16 years old) were matched and randomly assigned into two groups. The education was provided using an audio file and practicing toothbrushing with teachers’ hands‐on assistance for the audio/hands‐on (A/HO) group and the tactile graphic book with audio and teacher supervision (ATB/TS) group. The oral health instruction was performed three times, once a week every 2 weeks, transitioning to a self‐study session based on the group's method once a week for 4 weeks. Plaque score, brushing performance, and oral health knowledge were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–WhitneyUand Friedman post hoc test.ResultsA significant improvement was found in both groups at week 6 of the intervention. However, the ATB/TS group had a significantly higher score than the A/HO group in the task analysis of tooth brushing step score (p‐value < 0.001), PHP score (p‐value = 0.001), and oral hygiene knowledge score (p‐value < 0.001).ConclusionTactile graphic books and Braille with an audio file is an effective medium for the oral health education of visually impaired individuals.
Micropuncture closure following high density microarray patch application in healthy subjects
Authors: Henricson Joakim , Muller David A. , Baker S. Ben , Iredahl Fredrik , Togö Totte , Anderson Chris D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe high‐density microarray patch (HD‐MAP) promises to be a robust vaccination platform with clear advantages for future global societal demands for health care management. The method of action has its base not only in efficient delivery of vaccine but also in the reliable induction of a local innate physical inflammatory response to adjuvant the vaccination process. The application process needs to induce levels of reactivity, which are acceptable to the vaccine, and from which the skin promptly recovers.Materials and methods1 × 1 cm HD‐MAP patches containing 5000, 250‐μm long microprojections were applied to the skin in 12 healthy volunteers. The return of skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and reaction to topical histamine challenge.ResultsSkin barrier recovery by 48 h was confirmed for all HD‐MAP sites by recovered resistance to the effects of topical histamine application.ConclusionsOur previous observation, that the barrier disruption indicator TEWL returns to normal by 48 h, is supported by this paper's demonstration of return of skin resistance to topical histamine challenge in twelve healthy subjects.
Privileging Practice in Sport Leadership: Applying Relational Reflexivity
Authors: Damon Zack J. , Leberman Sarah , Wells Janelle E. , Burton Laura , Ferkins Lesley , Weese Jim , Peachey Jon Welty 
Published: January 2022

Hibbert et al.’s relationally reflexive practice framework guided the authors to develop a new sport leadership generative partnership model emphasizing privileging practice and the sport sector as it relates to researching, teaching, and practicing sport leadership. The 2019 North American Society for Sport Management symposium on sport leadership, titled “The Changing Face of Leadership Within Sport: What Does the Future Hold?” acted as a springboard for deep, reflexive conversations among the authors. Through the development of our model, we purposely highlight the process of a relationally reflexive journey making sense of our lived experiences, engaging with learnings from the symposium, and arguing that sport leadership and followership research and teaching ultimately should be about improving the sport sector within specific cultural contexts. We offer critically conscious considerations for privileging and embedding practice as part of sport management teaching, research, and service.
Layered sediments on Mars deposited by impacts instead of by liquid water
Authors: Burt Donald M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Layered deposits on Mars imaged by the three rovers are generally inferred to have been deposited by liquid water (or wind or volcanism), consistent with interpretations based on orbital imaging. This interpretation implies early Mars was warm and wet, despite long-standing problems with modeling this case. As an alternative hypothesis, rapid sediment deposition during Late Noachian impact bombardment followed by local hydration and alteration of sediment by surficial acid condensates and (at least in Gale Crater) by chemically neutral groundwater can explain all the observed sediment features, such as ubiquitous low-angle cross-bedding, primitive basaltic compositions, persistent acidic salts, abundant amorphous materials, immature clays, high friability with low bulk densities, planar scoured unconformities, and rounded cobbles from rock tumbling. In other words, the ground-observed mineralogy, geochemistry, and sedimentology do not require and even are inconsistent with deposition from liquid water. Unlike the Moon, early Mars is believed to have had an atmosphere and water, perhaps mostly frozen. If so, impacts should have formed turbulent ground-hugging impactoclastic density currents capable of traveling hundreds of kilometers, and even globally. As terrestrial analogs, smaller-scale density currents are widespread around explosive volcanoes and nuclear test sites, whereas terrestrial impact analogs are lacking. Steam condensation on particles causes accretionary lapilli to form, grow to a maximum size, and fall out on layered deposits, and similar spherules have been observed by two of three rovers. Explaining these spherules as normal sedimentary concretions at Meridiani Planum required ignoring some of the observations. Ancient sediments on Mars that superficially resemble terrestrial aqueous deposits could therefore actually have resulted from impact cratering, the dominant geologic process in the early solar system.
Matching geometric and expansion characteristics of wild chaotic attractors
Authors: Jelleyman Hamish , Osinga Hinke M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWild chaotic attractors exhibit chaotic dynamics with a robustness property that cannot be destroyed with small perturbations. We consider a discrete-time system with the smallest possible dimension, namely, defined by a non-invertible map on the complex plane. For this map, wild chaos has been proven to exist in a small parameter region. Recently, it was conjectured to exist in a much larger region of parameter space, past a so-called backward critical tangency, at which a sequence of pre-images of a critical point converges to a saddle fixed point. Geometrically, a backward critical tangency leads to an abundance of homoclinic and heteroclinic tangencies between invariant manifolds of different dimensions, generating precisely what are believed to be the necessary ingredients for wild chaos. In this paper, we present corroborating evidence for this conjecture by computing Lyapunov exponents associated with the attractor. When the sum of the two (largest) Lyapunov exponents is positive, the dynamics is wild chaotic for this non-invertible map. We find that the zero-sum locus matches the locus of backward critical tangency, confirming its role as a boundary of existence of wild chaos.
The Effect of Skin-to-Skin Contact on Postoperative Depression and Physical Recovery of Parturients after Cesarean Section in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department
Authors: Zheng Ying , Xia Yanping , Ye Weijuan , Zheng Congxia 
Published: January 2022

The effect of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) on postpartum depression and physical rehabilitation of cesarean section women was explored. 280 parturients undergoing cesarean section were selected and were rolled into two groups randomly. The parturients in the control group (Con group, 140 cases) received routine care, and those in the experimental group (Exp group, 140 cases) received SSC on the basis of routine care. The postpartum depression and physical recovery of parturients in two groups were compared. It was found that, in the Exp group, the number of pregnant women with no or with very mild depression was much more 85% vs. 55%), the number of women with adequate lactation was more (53 cases vs. 27 cases), the first lactation time (FLT) was dramatically shorter (

41.25
±
4.81

h

vs.

58.43
±
5.43

h

), the breastfeeding success rate (BFSR) and breastfeeding rate (BFR) were obvious higher, the days for uterine involution was much shorter (

6.96
±
1.13

days vs.

9.47
±
1.75

days), the descent of uterine fundus 24 hours after delivery (24 h-DUF) was obviously larger (

3.17
±
0.26

mm vs.

1.56
±
0.43

mm), the duration of lochia (DOL) was remarkably shorter (

33.21
±
5.32

days vs.

25.32
±
3.54

days), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was lower (

4.88
±
0.32

points vs.

3.41
±
0.53

points), showing statistical differences for all above indicators (

P
<
0.05

). It suggested that SSC could effectively relieve the postpartum depression of uterine parturients, promote the lactation, increase the BFR, facilitate uterine involution, and alleviate chronic uterine inflammation and postpartum pain, showing high clinical application and promotion value.
Enhancing optical properties of WLEDs with LaOF:Eu3+&SiO2 application
Authors: Huu Phuc Dang , Nguyen Thi My Hanh 
Published: January 2022

After many efforts, the core-shell nanostructure of LaOF:Eu3+SiO2 that emits bright red radiation can be fabricated by simple solvothermal application succeeded by heat treatment. The resulted particles from the fabrication process are small in size, able to demonstrate circular form more efficient and prevent stacking. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra exhibits intense peaks at 593 nm, 611 nm, 650 nm corresponds to 5D0 -- 7FJ (J = 0, 1 and 2) Eu3+ transitions respectively. The spectral intensity parameters and Eu-O ligand behaviors are estimated by means of Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. CIE co-ordinates are found to be (x = 0.63, y = 0.36) which is very close to standard NTSC values (x = 0.67, y = 0.33). CCT value is 3475 K which is less than 5000 K, as a result this phosphor is suitable for warm light emitting diodes. The optimized core-shell SiO2 (coat III)@LaOF:Eu3+ (5 mol%) was used as a fluorescent labeling marker to identity latent fingerprints on both porous and non-porous surfaces. The fingerprints results are highly sensitive, selective and also has no obstruction caused by the back-ground which supports level-I to level-III fingerprint ridge recognition. The experiments outcomes suggest that the enhancements brought by the core-shell NS structure can be further examined to apply in forensic and solid state lightning applications.
A new subgenus of Epeorus and its five species from China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)
Authors: Zhenxing Ma , Changfa Zhou 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A new subgenus, Siniron subgen. n., is established for five Chinese species of Epeorus Eaton, 1881 to recognize their distinct difference from other subgenera: 1) in nymphs, tergalius I widely expanded anteriorly while tergalius VII curved but unfolded, well developed paired spines on abdominal terga; 2) in adults, unique coloration of wings, penis with distinct median titillators. Among them, nymphal stages of four previously known species, E. (S.) sinensis (Ulmer, 1925), E. (S.) dayongensis Gui & Zhang, 1992, E. (S.) herklotsi (Hsu, 1936b) and E. (S.) ngi Gui, Zhou & Su, 1999, are described for the first time and imaginal stages are also re-described. The fifth species, which has apically pigmented hind wings in imago and protuberances on pronotum in nymph, is described as a new species E. (S.) tuberculatus sp. n. All these species can also be delimited by COI sequences. In addition, their distribution in China is provided.