bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association studies of metabolites in Finnish men identify disease-relevant loci
Authors: Yin Xianyong , Chan Lap Sum , Bose Debraj , Jackson Anne U. , VandeHaar Peter , Locke Adam E. , Fuchsberger Christian , Stringham Heather M. , Welch Ryan , Yu Ketian , Fernandes Silva Lilian , Service Susan K. , Zhang Daiwei , Hector Emily C. , Young Erica , Ganel Liron , Das Indraniel , Abel Haley , Erdos Michael R. , Bonnycastle Lori L. , Kuusisto Johanna , Stitziel Nathan O. , Hall Ira M. , Wagner Gregory R. ,   FinnGen, Ripatti Samuli , Palotie Aarno , Kang Jian , Morrison Jean , Burant Charles F. , Collins Francis S. , Ripatti Samuli , Palotie Aarno , Freimer Nelson B. , Mohlke Karen L. , Scott Laura J. , Wen Xiaoquan , Fauman Eric B. , Laakso Markku , Boehnke Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFew studies have explored the impact of rare variants (minor allele frequency < 1%) on highly heritable plasma metabolites identified in metabolomic screens. The Finnish population provides an ideal opportunity for such explorations, given the multiple bottlenecks and expansions that have shaped its history, and the enrichment for many otherwise rare alleles that has resulted. Here, we report genetic associations for 1391 plasma metabolites in 6136 men from the late-settlement region of Finland. We identify 303 novel association signals, more than one third at variants rare or enriched in Finns. Many of these signals identify genes not previously implicated in metabolite genome-wide association studies and suggest mechanisms for diseases and disease-related traits.
Linear growth of quantum circuit complexity
Authors: Haferkamp Jonas , Faist Philippe , Kothakonda Naga B. T. , Eisert Jens , Yunger Halpern Nicole 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe complexity of quantum states has become a key quantity of interest across various subfields of physics, from quantum computing to the theory of black holes. The evolution of generic quantum systems can be modelled by considering a collection of qubits subjected to sequences of random unitary gates. Here we investigate how the complexity of these random quantum circuits increases by considering how to construct a unitary operation from Haar-random two-qubit quantum gates. Implementing the unitary operation exactly requires a minimal number of gates—this is the operation’s exact circuit complexity. We prove a conjecture that this complexity grows linearly, before saturating when the number of applied gates reaches a threshold that grows exponentially with the number of qubits. Our proof overcomes difficulties in establishing lower bounds for the exact circuit complexity by combining differential topology and elementary algebraic geometry with an inductive construction of Clifford circuits.
Salmon lice in the Pacific Ocean show evidence of evolved resistance to parasiticide treatment
Authors: Godwin Sean C. , Bateman Andrew W. , Kuparinen Anna , Johnson Rick , Powell John , Speck Kelly , Hutchings Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParasitic salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) threaten the economic and ecological sustainability of salmon farming, and their evolved resistance to treatment with emamectin benzoate (EMB) has been a major problem for salmon farming in the Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the Pacific Ocean, where wild salmon are far more abundant, has not seen widespread evolution of EMB-resistant lice. Here, we use EMB bioassays and counts of lice on farms from the Broughton Archipelago, Canada—a core region of salmon farming in the Pacific—to show that EMB sensitivity has dramatically decreased since 2010, concurrent with marked decrease in the field efficacy of EMB treatments. Notably, these bioassay data were not made available through public reporting by industry or by the federal regulator, but rather through Indigenous-led agreements that created a legal obligation for salmon-farming companies to provide data to First Nations. Our results suggest that salmon lice in the Pacific Ocean have recently evolved substantial resistance to EMB, and that salmon-louse outbreaks on Pacific farms will therefore be more difficult to control in the coming years.
A vectorial tree distance measure
Authors: Priel Avner , Tamir Boaz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA vectorial distance measure for trees is presented. Given two trees, we define a Tree-Alignment (T-Alignment). We T-align the trees from their centers outwards, starting from the root-branches, to make the next level as similar as possible. The algorithm is recursive; condition on the T-alignment of the root-branches we T-align the sub-branches, thereafter each T-alignment is conditioned on the previous one. We define a minimal T-alignment under a lexicographic order which follows the intuition that the differences between the two trees constitutes a vector. Given such a minimal T-alignment, the difference in the number of branches calculated at any level defines the entry of the distance vector at that level. We compare our algorithm to other well-known tree distance measures in the task of clustering sets of phylogenetic trees. We use the TreeSimGM simulator for generating stochastic phylogenetic trees. The vectorial tree distance (VTD) can successfully separate symmetric from asymmetric trees, and hierarchical from non-hierarchical trees. We also test the algorithm as a classifier of phylogenetic trees extracted from two members of the fungi kingdom, mushrooms and mildews, thus showimg that the algorithm can separate real world phylogenetic trees. The Matlab code can be accessed via: https://gitlab.com/avner.priel/vectorial-tree-distance.
Rational design and synthesis of a novel BODIPY-based probe for selective imaging of tau tangles in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons
Authors: Soloperto Alessandro , Quaglio Deborah , Baiocco Paola , Romeo Isabella , Mori Mattia , Ardini Matteo , Presutti Caterina , Sannino Ida , Ghirga Silvia , Iazzetti Antonia , Ippoliti Rodolfo , Ruocco Giancarlo , Botta Bruno , Ghirga Francesca , Di Angelantonio Silvia , Boffi Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNumerous studies have shown a strong correlation between the number of neurofibrillary tangles of the tau protein and Alzheimer's disease progression, making the quantitative detection of tau very promising from a clinical point of view. However, the lack of highly reliable fluorescent probes for selective imaging of tau neurofibrillary tangles is a major challenge due to sharing similar β–sheet motifs with homologous Amyloid-β fibrils. In the current work, we describe the rational design and the in silico evaluation of a small-size focused library of fluorescent probes, consisting of a BODIPY core (electron acceptor) featuring highly conjugated systems (electron donor) with a length in the range 13–19 Å at C3. Among the most promising probes in terms of binding mode, theoretical affinity and polarity, BT1 has been synthesized and tested in vitro onto human induced pluripotent stem cells derived neuronal cell cultures. The probe showed excellent photophysical properties and high selectivity allowing in vitro imaging of hyperphosphorylated tau protein filaments with minimal background noise. Our findings offer new insight into the structure-activity relationship of this class of tau selective fluorophores, paving the way for boosting tau tangle detection in patients possibly through retinal spectral scans.
Enhanced photonics devices based on low temperature plasma-deposited dichlorosilane-based ultra-silicon-rich nitride (Si8N)
Authors: Ng Doris K. T. , Gao Hongwei , Xing Peng , Chen George F. R. , Chia Xavier X. , Cao Yanmei , Ong Kenny Y. K. , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUltra-silicon-rich nitride with refractive indices ~ 3 possesses high nonlinear refractive index—100× higher than stoichiometric silicon nitride and presents absence of two-photon absorption, making it attractive to be used in nonlinear integrated optics at telecommunications wavelengths. Despite its excellent nonlinear properties, ultra-silicon-rich nitride photonics devices reported so far still have fairly low quality factors of $$\sim 6\times {10}^{4}$$

∼
6
×

10

4

, which could be mainly attributed by the material absorption bonds. Here, we report low temperature plasma-deposited dichlorosilane-based ultra-silicon-rich nitride (Si8N) with lower material absorption bonds, and ~ 2.5× higher quality factors compared to ultra-silicon-rich nitride conventionally prepared with silane-based chemistry. This material is found to be highly rich in silicon with refractive indices of ~ 3.12 at telecommunications wavelengths and atomic concentration ratio Si:N of ~ 8:1. The material morphology, surface roughness and binding energies are also investigated. Optically, the material absorption bonds are quantified and show an overall reduction. Ring resonators fabricated exhibit improved intrinsic quality factors $$\sim 1.5\times {10}^{5}$$

∼
1.5
×

10

5

, ~ 2.5× higher compared to conventional silane-based ultra-silicon-rich nitride films. This enhanced quality factor from plasma-deposited dichlorosilane-based ultra-silicon-rich nitride signifies better photonics device performance using these films. A pathway has been opened up for further improved device performance of ultra-silicon-rich nitride photonics devices at material level tailored by choice of different chemistries.
Oldest leaf mine trace fossil from East Asia provides insight into ancient nutritional flow in a plant–herbivore interaction
Authors: Imada Yume , Oyama Nozomu , Shinoda Kenji , Takahashi Humio , Yukawa Hirokazu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Late Triassic saw a flourish of plant–arthropod interactions. By the Late Triassic, insects had developed all distinct strategies of herbivory, notably including some of the earliest occurrences of leaf-mining. Herein we describe exceptionally well-preserved leaf-mine trace fossils on aCladophlebisBrongniart fern pinnule from the Momonoki Formation, Mine Group, Japan (Middle Carnian), representing the oldest unequivocal leaf-mines from East Asia. The mines all display a distinctive frass trail—a continuous meandering line, which later becomes a broad band containing spheroidal particles—demonstrating larval development. Although the shapes of the frass trails are generally comparable to those of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera, they cannot be unequivocally assigned to a specific extant leaf-mining taxon. Furthermore, elemental analyses by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) reveals that the frass trail comprises phosphate coprolites. The quantitative variations in P, S, and Si between coprolites and leaf veins may reflect physiological processes (e.g., consumption, absorption, and excretion) mediated by plant chemicals. Our findings reinforce the idea that leaf-mining had become a pervasive feeding strategy of herbivorous insects by the Late Triassic.
Using electrophysiological correlates of early semantic priming to test models of reading aloud
Authors: Perry Conrad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe speed at which semantics is accessed by words with consistent (simple) and inconsistent (difficult) spelling–sound correspondences can be used to test predictions of models of reading aloud. Dual-route models that use a word-form lexicon predict consistent words may access semantics before inconsistent words. The Triangle model, alternatively, uses only a semantic system and no lexicons. It predicts inconsistent words may access semantics before consistent words, at least for some readers. We tested this by examining event-related potentials in a semantic priming task using consistent and inconsistent target words with either unrelated/related or unrelated/nonword primes. The unrelated/related primes elicited an early effect of priming on the N1 with consistent words. This result supports dual-route models but not the Triangle model. Correlations between the size of early priming effects between the two prime groups with inconsistent words were also very weak, suggesting early semantic effects with inconsistent words were not predictable by individual differences. Alternatively, there was a moderate strength correlation between the size of the priming effect with consistent and inconsistent words in the related/unrelated prime group on the N400. This offers a possible locus of individual differences in semantic processing that has not been previously reported.
Ebselen abolishes vascular dysfunction in influenza A virus-induced exacerbations of cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice
Authors: Brassington Kurt , Chan Stanley M.H. , De Luca Simone N. , Dobric Aleksandar , Almerdasi Suleman A. , Mou Kevin , Seow Huei Jiunn , Oseghale Osezua , Bozinovski Steven , Selemidis Stavros , Vlahos Ross 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are susceptible to respiratory infections which exacerbate pulmonary and/or cardiovascular complications, increasing their likelihood of death. The mechanisms driving these complications remain unknown but increased oxidative stress has been implicated. Here we investigated whether influenza A virus (IAV) infection, following chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, worsens vascular function and if so, whether the antioxidant ebselen alleviates this vascular dysfunction. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to either room air or CS for 8 weeks followed by inoculation with IAV (Mem71, 1 × 104.5 pfu). Mice were treated with ebselen (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (5% w/v CM-cellulose in water) daily. Mice were culled 3- and 10-days post-infection, and their lungs lavaged to assess inflammation. The thoracic aorta was excised to investigate endothelial and smooth muscle dilator responses, expression of key vasodilatory and oxidative stress modulators, infiltrating immune cells and vascular remodelling. CS increased lung inflammation and caused significant vascular endothelial dysfunction, which was worsened by IAV infection. CS-driven increases in vascular oxidative stress, aortic wall remodelling and suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were not affected by IAV infection. CS and IAV infection significantly enhanced T cell recruitment into the aortic wall. Ebselen abolished the exaggerated lung inflammation, vascular dysfunction and increased T cell infiltration in CS and IAV-infected mice. Our findings showed that ebselen treatment abolished vascular dysfunction in IAV-induced exacerbations of CS-induced lung inflammation indicating it may have potential for the treatment of cardiovascular comorbidities seen in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD).
To Thicken or Not to Thicken: Exploring the Use of Math-Based Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Benson Doreen , Barnes George 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The goal of this clinical focus article was to explore the utility of a mathematical prediction model (Bayes' theorem) in dysphagia management.

Conclusions:
Bayes' theorem shows promise as a means of incorporating evidence-based care into individual patient consultations by predicting both the risk of pneumonia and the impact of speech-language pathology and care team interventions on that risk. However, more research is needed on risk factors for pneumonia and the prevalence of pneumonia before the model can be accurately applied to clinical decision-making for patients with dysphagia.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19393802
L’adolescent, les parents et les psys
Authors: Schmit Gérard 
Published: March 2022

Cet article traite de l’aide pédopsychiatrique pour certains adolescents qui vont mal de façon prolongée et expriment leur souffrance par des symptômes externalisés (passages à l’acte, violence, tentatives de suicides...). Il insiste sur le fait que de tels adolescents sont en décalage avec les représentations socioculturelles les plus courantes concernant l’adolescence, parfois aussi avec celles de certains professionnels qu’ils rencontrent. Souvent, ils ne sont pas tant acteurs d’un processus d’autonomisation et d’affirmation de soi que prisonniers d’un blocage des liens intrafamiliaux. L’établissement d’un lien personnel avec eux peut s’avérer très difficile. Aussi leurs difficultés sont à considérer sous l’angle d’une « clinique de situation » prenant en compte le système d’appartenance de l’adolescent. Bien que l’incertitude évolutive soit importante, quelques éléments peuvent favoriser le projet de soins : l’accueil bienveillant d’une demande diffractée et portée par plusieurs personnes, l’implication des parents voire d’autres proches dans les consultations, la multiplicité et la diversité des soignants de façon à assurer la continuité des soins pour une durée suffisante. Une observation clinique de plusieurs années, centrée sur la description des étapes d’une prise en charge d’une adolescente, illustre ce propos. Elle montre aussi que le déroulement des soins ne répond pas à un projet défini à l’avance, mais est un cheminement qui se fait en fonction des événements et des évolutions qui se présentent. Comment réussir à accompagner l’errance de l’adolescent en créant avec lui et ses proches un groupe thérapeutique à la fois souple et solide ?
Sports, Myocarditis and COVID-19: Diagnostics, Prevention and Return-to-play Strategies
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna , Zacher Jonas , Predel Hans-Georg , Reiss Nils 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyocarditis is an umbrella term for non-ischemic myocardial inflammation and remains a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in active individuals and athletes. Accurate diagnosing is challenging and diseases could often remain undetected. In the majority of cases, acute myocarditis resolves favourably. However, a relevant proportion of patients may have an increased risk of prognostically relevant cardiac arrhythmias and/or the development and progression of maladaptive myocardial remodelling (dilated cardiomyopathy). This review provides current knowledge on myocarditis and sports with special regard to the COVID-19 pandemic. Possible causes, common symptoms and proposed diagnostics are summarized. The relevance of temporary avoidance of intensive sports activities for both the prevention and therapy of acute myocarditis is discussed. Risk stratification, specific return-to-play recommendations and proposed follow-up diagnostics (also after COVID-19 infection) are presented.
Analysing bio-art’s epistemic landscape: from metaphoric to post-metaphoric structure
Authors: Ahmedien Diaa Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince its emergence, bio-art has developed numerous metaphors central to the transfer of concepts of modern biology, genetics, and genomics to the public domain that reveal several cultural, ethical, and social variations in their related themes. This article assumes that a general typology of metaphors developed by practices related to bio-art can be categorised into two categories: pictorial and operational metaphors. Through these, information regarding several biological issues is transferred to the public arena. Based on the analysis, this article attempts to answer the following questions: How does bio-art develop metaphors to advance epistemic and discursive agendas that constitute public understanding of a set of deeply problematic assumptions regarding how today’s biology operates? Under the influence of today’s synthetic biology, could bio-media operationally reframe these epistemic agendas by reframing complex and multi-layered metaphors towards post-metaphoric structures? Finally, what are the scientific, cultural, and social implications of reframing?
The influence of repeated interactions on the persuasiveness of simulation
Authors: Chow Kenny K. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mental or computer simulation of cause and effect of certain behaviors is a recognized approach to changing one’s attitude or triggering an action. Meanwhile, psychology research results suggest that frequency of simulation may affect the corresponding persuasiveness. This paper argues that with always-on sensing and data-driven visualization technologies, interactive tangible systems can be designed to simulate hypothetical outcomes of real-life behaviors in everyday contexts, which repeatedly stimulate users’ imagination of behavioral consequences and thereby behavioral intentions. To investigate the effect, a working prototype of Incingarette, including a smart ashtray in connection with a digital picture frame, was built. When the ashtray is used for smoking, the digital picture is incrementally covered by virtual dust. Field trials involved participants in five daily smoking sessions. Post-session surveys show increasingly stronger perceived causality between smoking and the simulated outcomes, increasingly more vivid mental imagery of consequences, and increasingly intense intention to reduce smoking. Results suggest that repeatedly presenting simulated outcomes cognitively linked to real-life behaviors can increase behavioral intentions.
Discourse functions of Korean ‘yes’ words
Authors: Pyun Danielle O. , Yoon Kyung-Eun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study examines discourse functions of Korean ‘yes’ words from an interactional perspective based on
naturally-occurring conversation data. Tokens of yey, ney, ey, ung, um, and e in Korean are
widely recognized as affirmative responses. A close examination of these tokens, however, reveals wide-ranging interactional
functions through which speakers express active engagement, share information, negotiate meaning, and maintain discourse
coherence. The present study identifies a total of fifteen discourse-pragmatic functions of Korean ‘yes’ words: (1) affirmative
answer, (2) confirmation, (3) acceptance, (4) agreement, (5) answer to summons, (6) acknowledgement, (7) change-of-state, (8)
change-of-activity, (9) response solicitation, (10) reinforcement, (11) other initiation of repair, (12) closing of phone call,
(13) continuer, (14) proposal to discontinue the on-going action for the sake of a larger course of action, and (15) arguably
hesitation marker. This study demonstrates that the interactional approach enables the discovery of varied discourse functions of
a type of linguistic items, which may not be readily available in dictionaries or grammar reference guides.
Creativity in translation
Authors: Guerberof-Arenas Ana , Toral Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article presents the results of a study involving the translation of a short story by Kurt Vonnegut from English to Catalan and Dutch using three modalities: machine-translation (MT), post-editing (PE) and translation without aid (HT). Our aim is to explore creativity, understood to involve novelty and acceptability, from a quantitative perspective. The results show that HT has the highest creativity score, followed by PE, and lastly, MT, and this is unanimous from all reviewers. A neural MT system trained on literary data does not currently have the necessary capabilities for a creative translation; it renders literal solutions to translation problems. More importantly, using MT to post-edit raw output constrains the creativity of translators, resulting in a poorer translation often not fit for publication, according to experts.
Utilizing trapped charge at bilayer 2D MoS2/SiO2 interface for memory applications
Authors: Rezk Ayman , Alhammadi Aisha , Alnaqbi Wafa , Nayfeh Ammar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work we use conductive atomic force microscopy (cAFM) to study the charge injection process from a nanoscale tip to a single isolated bilayer 2D MoS2 flake. The MoS2 is exfoliated and bonded to ultra-thin SiO2/Si substrate. Local current–voltage (IV) measurements conducted by cAFM provides insight in charge trapping/de-trapping mechanisms at the MoS2/SiO2 interface. The MoS2 nano-flake provides an adjustable potential barrier for embedded trap sites where the charge is injected from AFM tip is confined at the interface. A window of (ΔV ∼ 1.8 V) is obtain at a reading current of 2 nA between two consecutive IV sweeps. This is a sufficient window to differentiate between the two states indicating memory behavior. Furthermore, the physics behind the charge entrapment and its contribution to the tunneling mechanisms is discussed.