bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and Gradual Permafrost Thaw: A Tale of Two Sites
Authors: Minsley B. J. , Pastick N. J. , James S. R. , Brown D. R. N. , Wylie B. K. , Kass M. A. , Romanovsky V. E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWarming temperatures and increasing disturbance by wildfire and extreme weather events is driving permafrost change across northern latitudes. The state of permafrost varies widely in space and time, depending on landscape, climate, hydrologic, and ecological factors. Despite its importance, few approaches commonly measure and monitor the changes in deep (>1 m) permafrost conditions with high spatial resolution. Here, we use electrical resistivity tomography surveys along two transects in interior Alaska previously disturbed by wildfire and more recently by warming temperatures and extreme precipitation. Long‐term point observations of permafrost depth, temperature, and water content inform geophysical measurements which, in turn, are used to extrapolate interpretations over larger areas and with high spatial fidelity. We contrast gradual loss of recently formed permafrost driven by warmer temperatures and increased snowfall, with rapid permafrost loss driven by changes in air temperature, snow depth, and extreme summer precipitation in 2014.
Calculating the Electron Diffusion Region Aspect Ratio With Magnetic Field Gradients
Authors: Heuer S. V. , Genestreti K. J. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Torbert R. B. , Burch J. L. , Nakamura R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe calculate the aspect ratio of the electron diffusion region (EDR) during symmetric magnetic reconnection using magnetic field gradients measured by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission. The technique introduced in this paper is validated using a particle‐in‐cell simulation and used to calculate the EDR aspect ratios for three MMS‐observed magnetotail EDRs which are compared with the EDR aspect ratio predicted by scaling dependencies on asymptotic upstream electron β. We then use the aspect ratio to calculate the normalized reconnection rate and show that it is within uncertainty of the normalized reconnection rate found by previous studies for three MMS‐observed EDRs. Because the magnetic field gradients are velocity‐frame independent and typically very well measured by MMS, the technique can be used to obtain the normalized reconnection rate with higher fidelity than established methods.
Exacerbation of Indian Summer Monsoon Breaks by the Indirect Effect of Regional Dust Aerosols
Authors: Surendran Sajani , Ajay Anand K. V. , Ravindran Suraj , Rajendran Kavirajan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEvaluation of century‐long simulations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) reveals model fidelity in capturing characteristics of aerosols, clouds, convection, rainfall and circulation over India associated with the active/break phase with wetter/drier than average rainfall within the summer monsoon season. During the breaks, aerosols build up over central India due to desert dust transported from the west by anomalous circulation, the trapping of dust emissions from the Thar‐desert and the increased aerosol lifetime in dry conditions. Break spells exhibit reduced cloud effective radius and enhanced lower atmospheric warming over central India as potential evidence for the indirect effect induced by dust aerosols. Consistently, break spells intensify in CESM simulation with increased loading of dust aerosols. The indirect effect of dust aerosols in warming the atmosphere and exacerbating the severity of breaks is conspicuous in simulations forced with the indirect effect of aerosols alone, both for present‐day and pre‐industrial periods.
Elasticity of Phase H Under the Mantle Temperatures and Pressures: Implications for Discontinuities and Water Transport in the Mid‐Mantle
Authors: Song Zijun , Wu Zhongqing , Wang Wenzhong , Hao Shangqin , Sun Daoyuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPhase H (MgSiO4H2), one of the lower mantle's dense hydrous magnesium silicates (DHMSs), may form and exist in cold slabs and is crucial in carrying water into the deep mantle. Its sound velocities and density are crucial for inferring the mid‐mantle water cycling via seismic approaches. Here we obtain the elastic and thermodynamic properties of phase H under lower‐mantle conditions using first‐principles calculations and discuss the effect of the Mg‐Si disorder on elasticity. The density of phase H is ∼15% and ∼6% lower than that of bridgmanite and periclase, respectively. The dehydration reaction from phase H to bridgmanite, which may occur at the depth of ∼1,300–1,700 km in cold slabs, will cause an increase of 1.0%, 2.7%, and 15% at 1,500 km on VP, VS, and density, respectively. The dehydration of phase H in subduction zones could produce a seismic VS impedance contrast of ∼17% in the mid‐mantle, which can provide an explanation for some seismic discontinuities detected by previous studies. Meanwhile, phase H has remarkable anisotropies and this may help explain the observed seismic anisotropy within subduction zones. Collectively, our results suggest that some seismic observations in mid‐mantle slabs may be related to the presence of phase H formed via the deep water cycle, further constraining the potential water content in local regions of the subducted slabs.
Floodplain Surface‐Water Circulation Dynamics: Congaree River, South Carolina, USA
Authors: van der Steeg Shailesh , Torres Raymond , Viparelli Enrica , Xu Haiqing , Elias Edwin , Sullivan Jessica C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA robustly calibrated and validated hydrodynamic model depicts flow patterns over a topographically complex floodplain with a heterogeneous main channel levee. Simulations highlight floodplain inundation dynamics for two conditions, the passage of sub‐bankfull and overbank flood waves. Sub‐bankfull inundation commences with the passage of the flood wave crest beyond the lower elevation levee breaches, and floodplain wetting is guided by the channel network. Hence, the upstream sub‐bankfull inundation area expands while much of the downstream floodplain remains dry. The onset of overbank flow is spatially variable but becomes continuous, and the through‐bank channels persist as preferential pathways that produce higher velocity flows several kilometers inland. Meanwhile, near‐stagnant zones develop between through‐bank channel mouths, where water is temporarily stored and routed to the channel network. Also, 48% of the inundation water is from the river while 52% enters the study area from the upstream floodplain. Overall, floodplain wetting and draining processes significantly influence flow direction, and characteristics of the flood wave over the floodplain surface such that a single stage in the main channel does not uniquely define floodplain flow hydraulics. Given these findings we propose that assessments of floodplain hydraulic connectivity account for the effects of heterogeneous levee structure and intra‐floodplain exchanges, as well as the typical flow thresholds associated with submergence and emergence of topography.
Incretin and insulin signaling as novel therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nowell Joseph , Blunt Eleanor , Edison Paul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite an ever-growing prevalence and increasing economic burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), recent advances in drug development have only resulted in minimally effective treatment. In AD, along with amyloid and tau phosphorylation, there is an associated increase in inflammation/glial activation, a decrease in synaptic function, an increase in astrocyte activation, and a state of insulin resistance. In PD, along with α-synuclein accumulation, there is associated inflammation, synaptic dysfunction, dopaminergic neuronal loss, and some data to suggest insulin resistance. Therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders have commonly targeted individual pathological processes. An effective treatment might require either utilization of multiple drugs which target the individual pathological processes which underlie the neurodegenerative disease or the use of a single agent which could influence multiple pathological processes. Insulin and incretins are compounds with multiple effects on neurodegenerative processes. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce neuroinflammation, reduce tau phosphorylation, reduce amyloid deposition, increase synaptic function, and improve memory formation. Incretin mimetics may act through the restoration of insulin signaling pathways, inducing further neuroprotective effects. Currently, phase 2 and phase 3 trials are underway in AD and PD populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of incretin mimetics and insulin in AD and PD.
Contrafreeloading in kea (Nestor notabilis) in comparison to Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)
Authors: Smith Gabriella E. , Bastos Amalia P. M. , Chodorow Martin , Taylor Alex H. , Pepperberg Irene M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContrafreeloading—working to access food that could be freely obtained—is rarely exhibited and poorly understood. Based on data from Grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus), researchers proposed a correlation between contrafreeloading and play: that contrafreeloading is more likely when subjects view the task as play. We tested that hypothesis by subjecting a relatively more playful parrot species, the kea (Nestor notabilis), to the same experimental tasks. Experiment 1 presented eight kea with container pairs holding more- or less-preferred free or enclosed food items, and examined three types of contrafreeloading: calculated (working to access preferred food over less-preferred, freely available food); classic (working to access food identical to freely available food); and super (working to access less-preferred food over preferred, freely available food). At the group level, the kea behaved similarly to the Greys: They significantly preferred calculated contrafreeloading, performed classic contrafreeloading at chance, and significantly failed to super contrafreeload. However, overall kea engaged in more contrafreeloading than Greys. Experiment 2 examined a potentially more ecologically relevant task, a choice between shelled and unshelled walnuts. No kea contrafreeloaded for nuts, whereas two of five Greys significantly preferred nut contrafreeloading and one chose at chance. We examine proximate and adaptive explanations for the performances of these differentially playful parrot species to further elucidate the role of play in contrafreeloading.
Inverse design of anisotropic spinodoid materials with prescribed diffusivity
Authors: Röding Magnus , Wåhlstrand Skärström Victor , Lorén Niklas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe three-dimensional microstructure of functional materials determines its effective properties, like the mass transport properties of a porous material. Hence, it is desirable to be able to tune the properties by tuning the microstructure accordingly. In this work, we study a class of spinodoid i.e. spinodal decomposition-like structures with tunable anisotropy, based on Gaussian random fields. These are realistic yet computationally efficient models for bicontinuous porous materials. We use a convolutional neural network for predicting effective diffusivity in all three directions. We demonstrate that by incorporating the predictions of the neural network in an approximate Bayesian computation framework for inverse problems, we can in a computationally efficient manner design microstructures with prescribed diffusivity in all three directions.
Network biology analysis of P23H rhodopsin interactome identifies protein and mRNA quality control mechanisms
Authors: Kim Kyle , Safarta Lance A. , Chiang Wei-Chieh J. , Coppinger Judith A. , Lee Eun-Jin , Lin Jonathan H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRhodopsin is essential for phototransduction, and many rhodopsin mutations cause heritable retinal degenerations. The P23H rhodopsin variant generates a misfolded rhodopsin protein that photoreceptors quickly target for degradation by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. To gain insight into how P23H rhodopsin is removed from rods, we used mass spectrometry to identify protein interaction partners of P23H rhodopsin immunopurified from RhoP23H/P23H mice and compared them with protein interaction partners of wild-type rhodopsin from Rho+/+ mice. We identified 286 proteins associated with P23H rhodopsin and 276 proteins associated with wild-type rhodopsin. 113 proteins were shared between wild-type and mutant rhodopsin protein interactomes. In the P23H rhodopsin protein interactome, we saw loss of phototransduction, retinal cycle, and rhodopsin protein trafficking proteins but gain of ubiquitin-related proteins when compared with the wild-type rhodopsin protein interactome. In the P23H rhodopsin protein interactome, we saw enrichment of gene ontology terms related to ER-associated protein degradation, ER stress, and translation. Protein–protein interaction network analysis revealed that translational and ribosomal quality control proteins were significant regulators in the P23H rhodopsin protein interactome. The protein partners identified in our study may provide new insights into how photoreceptors recognize and clear mutant rhodopsin, offering possible novel targets involved in retinal degeneration pathogenesis.
Hindlimb unloading induces time-dependent disruption of testicular histology in mice
Authors: Karim Asima , Qaisar Rizwan , Azeem Muhammad , Jose Josemin , Ramachandran Gopika , Ibrahim Zeinab Mohamed , Elmoselhi Adel , Ahmad Firdos , Abdel-Rahman Wael M. , Ranade Anu V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMechanical unloading of the body in the hindlimb unloaded (HU) mice induces pathology in multiple organs, but the effects on testes are poorly characterized. We investigated the histology and Raman spectroscopy of the mouse testes following HU condition. We divided male, c57BL/6j mice into ground-based controls or experimental groups for two and four weeks of HU. The testes tissues were dissected after euthanasia to investigate histological and Raman spectroscopic analysis. We found an HU-induced atrophy of testes irrespective of the time duration (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that the HU induced epithelial thinning, luminal widening, and spermatozoa decline in the seminiferous tubules of the mouse testes. In addition, we found a thickening of the epididymal epithelia and tunica albuginea. These changes were accompanied by a generalized depression in the Raman spectra, indicating an altered concentration and/or orientation of several molecules. We also report reduced signal intensities of hydroxyproline and tryptophan, potentially contributing to testicular pathology during HU. Taken together, our findings indicate that the two or four weeks of HU induce disruption of testicular architecture and molecular phenotypes. Our results may have implications for understanding and/or treating male infertility associated with prolonged bed rest and spaceflight.
New mechanisms for the kidney-protective effect of alkali in chronic kidney disease
Authors: O’Connor Paul M. , Mannon Elinor C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Worldwide, more than one in ten adults are estimated to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). As CKD progresses, both the cost of treatment and associated risk of morbidity and mortality increase exponentially. As such, there is a great need for therapies that effectively slow CKD progression. Evidence from several small clinical trials indicates that alkali therapy may slow the rate of CKD progression. The biological mechanisms underlying this protective effect, however, remain unknown. In their recently published manuscript, Pastor Arroyo et al. (Clin Sci (Lond) (2022) 136(8): https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20220095) demonstrate that the alkali sodium bicarbonate protects against loss of renal function in a crystal nephropathy model in mice. Using unbiased approaches in both mice and human tissue, the authors go on to identify two novel mechanisms that may underly this protection. The first pathway is through promoting pathways of cell metabolism, which they speculate helps the remaining functional nephrons adapt to the greater metabolic needs required to maintain kidney filtration. The second pathway is by restoration of α-Klotho levels, which may limit the expression of adhesion molecules in the injured kidney. This, the authors speculate, may prevent inflammation from driving the functional decline of the kidney. Identifying these novel pathways represents an important step forward harnessing the potential benefits of alkali therapy in CKD.
Evolved eclipsing binary systems in the Galactic bulge: Precise physical and orbital parameters of OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 and OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218
Authors: Suchomska K. , Graczyk D. , Gałan C. , Ziółkowska O. , Smolec R. , Pietrzyński G. , Gieren W. , Villanova S. , Górski M. , Thompson I. B. , Wielgórski P. , Zgirski B. , Karczmarek P. , Pilecki B. , Taormina M. , Narloch W. , Hajdu G. , Lewis M. , Kałuszyński M. , Rojas García G. 
Published: October 2022

Aims. Our goal is to determine, with high accuracy, the physical and orbital parameters of two double-lined eclipsing binary systems, where the components are two giant stars. We also aim to study the evolutionary status of the binaries, to derive the distances towards them by using a surface brightness–colour relation, and to compare these measurements with the measurements presented by the Gaia mission.
Methods. In order to measure the physical and orbital parameters of the systems, we analysed the light curves and radial-velocity curves with the Wilson–Devinney code. We used V-band and I-band photometry from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) catalogue and near-infrared photometry obtained with the New Technology Telescope (NTT) equipped with the SOFI instrument. The spectroscopic data were collected with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph mounted at the ESO 3.6-m telescope and the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) spectrograph mounted at the 6.5-m Clay telescope.
Results. We present the first analysis of this kind for two evolved eclipsing binary systems from the OGLE catalogue: OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 and OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218. The masses of the components of OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 are M1 = 1.059 ± 0.019 and M2 = 0.991 ± 0.018 M⊙, and the radii are R1 = 19.27 ± 0.28 and R2 = 29.99 ± 0.24 R⊙. For OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218, the masses are M1 = 0.969 ± 0.012 and M2 = 0.983 ± 0.012 M⊙, while the radii are R1 = 16.73 ± 0.28 and R2 = 22.06 ± 0.26 R⊙. The evolutionary status of the systems is discussed based on the PARSEC and MIST isochrones. The ages of the systems were established to be between 7.3–10.9 Gyr for OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487 and around 10 Gyr for OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218. We also measured the distances to the binaries. For OGLE-BLG-ECL-305487, d = 7.80 ± 0.18 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.) kpc and for OGLE-BLG-ECL-116218, d = 7.57 ± 0.28 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.) kpc.
Augenärztliche Versorgung früh- und reifgeborener Personen in deren Kindheit und Jugend – eine retrospektive Sicht der Eltern
Authors: Fieß Achim , Wacker Annika , Gißler Sandra , Fauer Agnes , Mildenberger Eva , Urschitz Michael S. , Elflein Heike Maria , Stoffelns Bernhard M. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Schuster Alexander K. 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Beschreibung der augenärztlichen Versorgung in der Kindheit und Jugend früh- und reifgeborener Personen aus der retrospektiven
Sicht der Eltern.
Patienten, Material und Methoden Die Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES) ist eine retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit einer prospektiven augenärztlichen Untersuchung von früh- und
reifgeborenen Personen, die zwischen 1969 und 2002 geboren wurden (aktuelles Alter 18 bis 52 Jahre). Sie schließt eine Befragung von deren Eltern zur augenärztlichen Versorgung ihrer Kinder
in der Kindheit und Jugend aus der Retrospektive ein. Die Teilnehmenden und deren Eltern wurden in Personen mit normalem Gestationsalter (GA) ≥ 37 (Kontrollgruppe), Frühgeborene ohne ROP
(Retinopathy of Prematurity) mit GA 33 – 36 (Gruppe 2), GA 29 – 32 (Gruppe 3), GA ≤ 28 Wochen (Gruppe 4) und solche mit ROP ohne Behandlung (Gruppe 5) und mit ROP mit Behandlung (Gruppe 6)
gruppiert. Die Eltern der Teilnehmenden wurden zur augenärztlichen Versorgung und zur Zufriedenheit damit befragt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden die Daten von 57 reifgeborenen und 131 frühgeborenen Kindern und deren Eltern in die vorliegende Studie eingeschlossen. Die Eltern der Teilnehmenden gaben
an, dass eine augenärztliche Untersuchung bis zum 6. Lebensjahr in den jeweiligen Gruppen 1 bis 6 bei 22/57 (38,6%), 33/58 (56,9%), 22/38 (57,9%), 3/6 (50%), 19/21 (90,5%) und 7/8 (87,5%)
stattgefunden habe. Insgesamt gaben 83 – 100% der Eltern in den verschiedenen Gruppen an, dass die augenärztliche Betreuung gut gewesen sei. Einen Augenarztwechsel aufgrund von
Behandlungsunzufriedenheit berichteten insgesamt 4/57 (7%), 9/58 (15,5%), 8/38 (21,1%), 1/6 (16,7%), 1/21 (4,8%) und 2/8 (25%) in den jeweiligen Gruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Studie zeigt eine gute Behandlungszufriedenheit hinsichtlich der augenärztlichen Betreuung von ehemaligen frühgeborenen Personen, insbesondere Eltern
von Kindern mit einer ROP bewerteten diese positiv.
Wenn die Haare fehlen – Haarausfall in der Gynäkologischen Praxis
Authors: Baus Simona Lucia 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungHaarausfall ist eine der unangenehmsten Veränderungen des äußeren Erscheinungbildes der
Frau, wenn er pathologisch auftritt. Eine der häufigsten Formen ist die androgenetische
Alopezie. Diese kann durch eine manifeste Hyperandrogenämie, ein Ungleichgewicht zwischen
Androgenen und Östrogenen oder durch eine genetisch bedingte Überempfindlichkeit der
Haarfollikel gegenüber Androgenen verursacht werden. Diese Form der Alopezie kann sich in
allen Altersabschnitten manifestieren. Ziel der Therapie ist, die Wirkung der Androgene an den
Haarfollikeln zu minimieren, dies kann sowohl systemisch als auch lokal erreicht werden,
sodass zumindest das Fortschreiten dieses Symptoms verhindert werden kann. Eine Zusammenarbeit
zwischen Dermatologen und Gynäkologen ist nicht selten notwendig, um den Patientinnen zu
helfen.
Re-evaluation After 2 Years of COVID-19 Pandemic: Return to Play in
Pediatric Population: What’s New?
Authors: Tranchita Eliana , Cafiero Giulia , Giordano Ugo , Gentili Federica , Parisi Attilio , Pierri Chiara , Carducci Francesca Ippolita Calò , Drago Fabrizio , Turchetta Attilio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn observational retrospective study was conducted on 180 young competitive
athletes. These children were revaluated after a mild/moderate
SARS-CoV-2 infection through 3 different kind of protocol aimed at recognizing
any cardiorespiratory complications due to the infection. The aim of the present
study was to evaluate the results of “return to play” Italian
protocols for readmission to competitive sport in the pediatric population. All
of the subjects analyzed were readmitted to competitive sports after
revaluation. None of the young athletes showed cardiorespiratory compromises at
first and/or second level evaluation, confirming that in young
population there is low risk of hospitalization and life-threatening
complications after a mild/moderate infection. Italian simplified
protocol for resuming sport have proved to be a valuable tool for health
assessment both in adult and young athletes allowing them to resume their
training in safety.