bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation Technique of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Palladium Nanospheres by Coating with Titanium Dioxide Shell for Application to Photothermal Therapy Agent
Authors: Hayakawa Yutaro , Furuya Masato , Tahara Hironobu , Kosuge Yasuhiro , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Sugawa Kosuke , Otsuki Joe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough plasmonic palladium (Pd) nanospheres are thermodynamically stable and have high photothermal conversion due to the free and bound electron coupling associated with the intrinsic high interband transition, they have not attracted attention as a photothermal conversion material for next-generation photothermal cancer therapy. This is because the Pd nanospheres generate the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) intrinsically in the ultraviolet region, which is far away from the biological transparent window (750–900 nm). In this study, we controlled the LSP wavelength of Pd nanospheres by coating with high refractive index TiO2 shells taking advantage of the Pd LSPR which is highly sensitive to changes in the local refractive index around the nanospheres. Our calculations indicated that the absorption cross section at 808 nm (corresponding to the wavelength used for photothermal treatment) was increased by 4.5 times by redshifting the LSPR and increasing the extinction intensity associated with the coating with TiO2 shell. Experiments confirmed the theoretical prediction in that the LSPR of the synthesized Pd nanospheres with a diameter of 81 nm was significantly redshifted by coating with amorphous TiO2 shell, resulting in significant large extinction intensity at 808 nm. The photothermal conversion efficiency was estimated to be 50%. In vitro cell tests, HeLa cells incubated with 100–300 μg/mL TiO2-coated Pd nanospheres were efficiently killed by irradiating 808 nm laser (1.8 W) even though the nanospheres with the same concentrations showed little cytotoxicity. These results indicate that the Pd nanospheres coated with high refractive index shells can be promising as a photothermal therapy agent.
Machine-learning algorithms based on personalized pathways for a novel predictive model for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Binglin , Zhou Peitao , Chen Yuhan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
At present, the diagnostic ability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on serum alpha-fetoprotein level is limited. Finding markers that can effectively distinguish cancer and non-cancerous tissues is important for improving the diagnostic efficiency of HCC.

Results
In this study, we developed a predictive model for HCC diagnosis using personalized biological pathways combined with a machine learning algorithm based on regularized regression and carry out relevant examinations. In two training sets, the overall cross-study-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), the area under the precision-recall curve and the Brier score of the diagnostic model were 0.987 [95%confidence interval (CI): 0.979–0.996], 0.981 and 0.091, respectively. Besides, the model showed good transferability in external validation set. In TCGA-LIHC cohort, the AUROC, AURPC and Brier score were 0.992 (95%CI: 0.985–0.998), 0.967 and 0.112, respectively. The diagnostic model has accomplished very impressive performance in distinguishing HCC from non-cancerous liver tissues. Moreover, we further analyzed the extracted biological pathways to explore molecular features and prognostic factors. The risk score generated from a 12-gene signature extracted from the characteristic pathways was correlated with some immune related pathways and served as an independent prognostic factor for HCC.

Conclusion
We used personalized biological pathways analysis and machine learning algorithm to construct a highly accurate HCC diagnostic model. The excellent interpretable performance and good transferability of this model enables it with great potential for personalized medicine, which can assist clinicians in diagnosis for HCC patients.
Main reasons and predictive factors of cancer-related emergency department visits in a Hungarian tertiary care center
Authors: Koch Márton , Varga Csaba , Soós Viktor , Prenek Lilla , Porcsa Lili , Szakáll Alíz , Bilics Gergely , Hunka Balázs , Bellyei Szabolcs , Girán János , Kiss István , Pozsgai Éva 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Identifying the reasons for the Emergency Department (ED) visit of patients with cancer would be essential for possibly decreasing the burden of ED use. The aim of our study was to analyze the distribution of the demographic and clinical parameters of patients with cancer based on the reasons for the ED visits and to identify possible predictive factors for their visits.

Methods
This retrospective study, carried out at a large, public tertiary hospital in Hungary, involved all patients 18 years or over, who had received a cancer diagnosis latest within five years of their visit to the ED in 2018. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected partly via automated data collection and partly through the manual chart review by a team of experts, including six emergency physicians and an oncologist. Five main reasons for the ED visit were hypothesized, pilot-tested, then identified, including those with cancer-related ED visits (whose visit was unambiguously related to their cancer illness) and those with non-cancer-related ED visits (whose visit to the ED was in no way associated with their cancer illness.) A descriptive approach was used for data analysis and binary logistic regression was used to determine predictive factors for patients with cancer visiting the ED.

Results
23.2% of the altogether 2383 ED visits were directly cancer-related, and these patients had a significantly worse overall survival than patients with non-cancer related ED visits. Age 65 or below (Odds Ratio: 1.51), presence of two more comorbidities (OR: 7.14), dyspnea as chief complaint (OR: 1.52), respiratory cancer (OR: 3.37), any prior chemotherapy (OR: 1.8), any prior immune/biological treatment (OR: 2.21), any prior Best Supportive Care/palliative care (OR: 19.06), or any prior hospice care (OR: 9.43), and hospitalization (OR:2.88) were independent risk factors for the ED visit to be cancer-related.

Conclusions
Our study is the first to identify independent predictive factors of ED use by patients with cancer based on the chief cause of their visit in the Central and Eastern European region. These results may provide important information for the development of algorithms intended to identify the needs of care of patients with cancer at the ED.
Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula for tracheal intubation in the emergency department
Authors: Mitsuyama Yumi , Nakao Shunichiro , Shimazaki Junya , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Tracheal intubation in the emergency department (ED) can cause serious complications. Available evidence on the use of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) during intubation in the ED is limited. This study evaluated the effect of oxygen therapy by HFNC on oxygen desaturation during tracheal intubation in the ED.

Methods
This was a single-center before-and-after study designed to compare two groups that received oxygen therapy during intubation: one received conventional oxygen, and the other received oxygen therapy using HFNC. We included non-trauma patients who required tracheal intubation in the ED. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between oxygen therapy using HFNC and the lowest peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during intubation in the conventional and HFNC groups.

Results
The study population included 87 patients (conventional group, n = 67; HFNC group, n = 20). The median lowest SpO2 in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group (94% [84–99%] vs. 85% [76–91%], p = 0.006). The percentage of cases with oxygen desaturation to < 90% during the intubation procedure in the HFNC group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (40% vs. 63.8%, p = 0.037). The use of HFNC was significantly associated with the lowest SpO2, and the use of HFNC increased the lowest SpO2 during intubation procedures by 3.658% (p = 0.048).

Conclusion
We found that the use of HFNC during tracheal intubation was potentially associated with a higher lowest SpO2 during the procedure in comparison to conventional oxygen administration in non-trauma patients in the ED.
Clinical applicability of a new scoring system for population-based screening and risk factors of gastric cancer in the Wannan region
Authors: Li Lin , Ni Jinjing , Sun Shenghong , Zha Xiaojuan , Li Rong , He Chiyi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the clinical applicability of a new scoring system that comprises the variables age, sex, pepsinogen ratio (PGR), gastrin-17 (G-17), and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection for gastric cancer (GC) screening in the Wannan region, China. We also explored the risk factors of GC in the Wannan region.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled asymptomatic participants from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2021 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College. We used a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to estimate the screening value of combined measurements of pepsinogen I, PGII, PGR, G-17, and Hp. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to explore the independent risk factors of GC.

Results
A total of 25,194 asymptomatic patients were eventually screened. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of combined measurements was 0.817 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.721–0.913), the sensitivity was 81.5%, and the specificity was 77.8%. The detection rate of this new scoring system for GC screening in low-, medium-, and high-risk groups was 0%, 1.63%, and 9%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 5.934; 95% CI 3.695–9.529; P < 0.001), sex (OR 5.721; 95% CI 2.579–12.695; P < 0.001), Hp infection (OR 1.992; 95% CI 1.255–3.163; P = 0.003), a history of smoking (OR 2.028; 95% CI 1.213–3.392; P = 0.007), consuming a high-salt diet (OR 2.877; 95% CI 1.807–4.580; P < 0.001), frequently eating pickled foods (OR 1.873; 95% CI 1.125–3.120; P = 0.016), and frequently eating fried foods (OR 2.459; 95% CI 1.384–4.369; P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for GC and precancerous lesions. However, frequent consumption of green vegetables (OR 0.388; 95% CI 0.242–0.620; P < 0.001) was an independent protective factor against GC and precancerous lesions.

Conclusion
The new scoring system for GC screening was feasible in the Wannan region, especially in high-risk populations. Frequent consumption of green vegetables was an independent protective factor against GC and precancerous lesions.
Mapping BCG vaccination coverage in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Atalell Kendalem Asmare , Alemayehu Mulat Asrade , Teshager Nahom Worku , Belay Getaneh Mulualem , Alemu Tewodros Getaneh , Anlay Degefaye Zelalem , Wondim Amare , Alene Kefyalew Addis 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The Bacille-Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination remains the primary strategy to prevent severe disseminated TB in young children, particularly in high TB-burden countries such as Ethiopia. Accurate knowledge of vaccination coverage in small geographical areas is critically important to developing targeted immunization campaigns. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions and ecological level determinants of BCG vaccination coverage in Ethiopia.

Method
Bacille-Calmette–Guerin immunization coverage and geographical information data were obtained from five different Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted in Ethiopia between 2000 and 2019. Data for independent variables were obtained from publicly available sources. Bayesian geostatistical models were used to predict the spatial distribution of BCG vaccination coverage in Ethiopia.

Result
The overall national BCG vaccination coverage between 2000 and 2019 was 65.5%. The BCG vaccine coverage was 53.5% in 2000, 56.9% in 2005, 64.4% in 2011, 79.6% in 2016, and 79.0% in 2019. BCG vaccination coverage increased by 47.6% in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2019, but substantial geographical inequalities in BCG coverage remained at sub-national and local levels. High vaccination coverage was observed in northern, western, and central parts of Ethiopia. Climatic and demographic factors such as temperature, altitude, and population density were positively associated with BCG vaccination coverage. Whereas, healthcare access factors such as distance to health facilities and travel time to the nearest cities were negatively associated with BCG vaccine coverage in Ethiopia.

Conclusion
Despite substantial progress in national BCG vaccination coverage, marked spatial variation in BCG coverage persists throughout the country at sub-national and local levels. Healthcare access and climatic and demographic factors determined the spatial distribution of BCG vaccination coverage. Maintaining a high level of vaccination coverage across geographical areas is important to prevent TB in Ethiopia.
Efficacy and safety of urate-lowering agents in asymptomatic hyperuricemia: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sapankaew Tunlanut , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Ruenroengbun Narisa , Chaiyakittisopon Kamolpat , Ingsathit Atiporn , Numthavaj Pawin , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , McKay Gareth , Attia John , Thakkinstian Ammarin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was found to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk but the potential benefits of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) remain controversial. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) with frequentist model to estimate the efficacy and safety of ULT in asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were searched without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of adults with asymptomatic hyperuricemia were eligible if they compared any pair of ULTs (i.e., allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, benzbromarone, sulfinpyrazone, rasburicase, lesinurad, and topiroxostat) and placebo or no ULT, and had outcomes of interest, including composite renal events, major adverse cardiovascular events, serum urate levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), systolic blood pressure, and adverse events.

Results
NMA with frequentist approach was applied to estimate relative treatment effects, i.e., risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD). A total of 23 RCTs were eligible. NMA identified beneficial effects of ULT on composite renal events and eGFR but not for other outcomes. Allopurinol and febuxostat had significantly lower composite renal events than placebo (RR 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23 to 0.66, and RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.99, respectively). Both treatments also resulted in significantly higher eGFR than placebo (MD 3.69 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI 1.31 to 6.08, and MD 2.89 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI 0.69 to 5.09, respectively). No evidence of inconsistency was identified.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests that allopurinol and febuxostat are the ULTs of choice in reducing composite renal events and improving renal function.
Trial registration.
This study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019145908. The date of the first registration was 12th November 2019.
Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in parturients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection during labor and delivery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zlatkin Rita , Dollinger Sarah , Jacoby Chen , Shmueli Anat , Barbash-Hazan Shiri , Chen Rony , Wiznitzer Arnon , Hadar Eran 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global healthcare crisis that negatively affects pregnant women. Although patients with an acute infection during pregnancy have been widely studied, information regarding labor and delivery while infected is sparse. The aim of the study was to ascertain maternal, obstetrical, and perinatal outcomes of women who gave birth while infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy at a tertiary medical center in 4/20–2/21 were identified by a retrospective database search. Those with an active intrapartum SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those who recovered at least 10 days before labor and delivery.

Results
Of the 176 women included in the study, 84 had a SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of delivery and 92 had recovered from the infection. There was no statistically significant between-group difference in mean gestational age at delivery (39 weeks for both, p = 0.71) and overall rate of cesarean delivery (26.2% vs 17.4%, respectively, p = 0.35) or non-elective cesarean delivery (10.71% vs 4.34%, respectively, p = 0.48). In the active-infection group, the rate of severe disease was 2.4%, and of critical disease (with intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and ECMO), 3.6%, compared to zero for both in the recovered group. No differences were found between the groups in adverse perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion
Delivery is safe and feasible in women with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, we found a non-significant trend for more severe disease and for cesarean delivery and urgent cesarean delivery (for COVID-19-related indications) in women with an intrapartum SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Maternal childbirth experience and induction of labour in each mode of delivery: a retrospective seven-year cohort study of 95,051 parturients in Finland
Authors: Joensuu Johanna M. , Saarijärvi Hannu , Rouhe Hanna , Gissler Mika , Ulander Veli-Matti , Heinonen Seppo , Torkki Paulus , Mikkola Tomi S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Childbirth experience has been shown to depend on the mode of delivery. However, it is unclear how labour induction influences the childbirth experience in different modes of delivery. Thus, we assessed the childbirth experience among mothers with spontaneous and induced labours.

Design
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Childbirths in four delivery hospitals in Helsinki and Uusimaa District, Finland, in 2012-2018.

Sample
95051 childbirths excluding elective caesarean sections.

Methods
Obstetric data combined to maternal childbirth experience measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was analysed with univariate linear modelling and group comparisons. The primiparas and multiparas were analysed separately throughout the study due to the different levels of VAS.

Main outcome measures
Maternal childbirth experience measured by VAS.

Results
The negative effect of labour induction on the childbirth experience was discovered in each mode of delivery. Operative deliveries were perceived more negatively when they were preceded by labour induction. The rate of poor childbirth experience (VAS≤5) was higher for mothers with labour induction (ORs varying from 1.43 to 1.77) except in emergency caesarean sections. The negative effect of labour induction was smaller than the effect of mode of delivery, while successful vaginal delivery with induction (meanPRIMI=8.00 [95% CI 7.96–8.04], meanMULTI=8.50 [8.47–8.53]) was perceived more positive than operational deliveries with spontaneous labour (meansPRIMI≤7.66 [7.61–7.70], meansMULTI≤7.96 [7.89–8.03]). However, labour induction more than doubled the risk of caesarean section for both primiparas and multiparas.

Conclusions
Labour induction generates more negative experiences for both primiparas and multiparas. The negative effect of labour induction is detected for all modes of delivery, being worst among labour induction resulting in operative delivery. The parturients facing cumulative obstetric interventions require special support and counselling during and after delivery.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: treatment patterns and humanistic burden of disease in Europe
Authors: Moore Adam , Bennett Bryan , Taylor-Stokes Gavin , McDonald Laura , Daumont Melinda J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive and rare tumour with poor prognosis. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease and there is a paucity of data on the humanistic burden of MPM in terms of impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and activity. This study examined real-world treatment patterns and humanistic disease burden of MPM in Europe.

Methods
Physicians abstracted demographic/clinical characteristics and treatment data from MPM-patient medical records; MPM patients self-completed a questionnaire including symptoms, 3-level-EQ-5D questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Lung Cancer Symptom Scale for Mesothelioma (LCSS-Meso), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire.

Results
Physicians (n = 171) abstracted data of 1390 patients; 767/1390 patients self-completed questionnaires. Patients were elderly with advanced, unresectable MPM. Treatment patterns followed guidelines with most (81%) patients receiving platinum+antifolate chemotherapy at first line (1 L). Maintenance treatment use was high (51.1%) despite no recommended maintenance therapies. Symptom burden was high and health states and HRQoL were poor at 1; declining further with progression. Overall mean (SD): LCSS-Average Symptom Burden Index score was 48.8 (19.3; n = 758); EQ-5D Utility Index score was 0.510 (0.349; n = 763); EQ-5D VAS score was 54.2 (20.3;n = 766); LCSS-3-Item Global Index score was 143.2 (64.5; n = 762); LCSS-normal activities score was 51.9 (24.6;n = 765); WPAI-activity impairment was 56.0% (23.2%; n = 737).

Conclusion
The humanistic burden of MPM is high, despite treatments being prescribed as per available guidance. Treatments that delay progression and provide palliation of symptoms are most likely to improve/maintain HRQoL.