bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of African Mud Catfish (Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) and Tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica Linnaeus 1758) in Orashi River of Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Lga of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Okwodu N. E. , Okorie P. U. , Nwoke B. E. B. 
Published: February 2022

Length-weight relationship and condition factor are important in fishery assessment studies since it provide information about the growth of the fish, its general wellbeing and fitness in aquatic habitat. LWRs for 2 fish species –Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) and Oreochromis nilotica (Linnaeus 1758) collected from Orashi River were established and their growth condition was evaluated. The study was carried out from September 2019 to August 2020. The biometric measurement (length/weight) shows that the weight of the fish increased in proportion to its length as indicated by the slope (b) of the relationship. The mean value shows strong relationship because coefficient of determination (R2) is >0.5 and range from 0.795-0.985. Higher values of both length and weight were recorded for Catfish over Tilapia. The results indicated that almost all the fish sampled exhibited a positive allometric growth and trended to grow bigger. All relationship were statistically significant (p=0.05). The mean Fulton’s condition factor (K) of the fish range from Catfish (1.24-1.80) and Tilapia (1.5-3.7) in the 5 stations sampled. The result showed that Tilapia had a high mean range and therefore was in better conditions than the Catfish. This gives information on the food supply, timing and duration of breeding cycle. The indices may also be used in the general assessment of the “well being” of a fish [1]. Multiple comparison tests using Turkey Kramer showed that the condition factor of Catfish from Okwuzi (station 1) was significantly different from that of Ndoni and Omoku but Ebocha and Obrikom was not significantly different from each other. With regards to seasonal variation, dry season recorded higher values than rainy season.
Enhancing the Design of a Secured Campus Network using Demilitarized Zone and Honeypot at Uew- kumasi Campus
Authors: Nikoi Solomon Nii , Adu-Boahene Christian , Nsiah-Konandu Alberta 
Published: February 2022

The increasing complexity of information systems, as well as the rapid development of new vulnerabilities and exploits, the security of campus networks needs to be hardened to minimize or eradicate security flaws.
Aim: To discover the vulnerabilities and enhance the creation and deployment of secured campus network.
Place and Duration of study: University of Education, Winneba – Kumasi campus.
Methodology: The integration of De-Militarized zone and Honeypot techniques was used to beef up the security of the campus network against vulnerabilities and exploits. Penetration testing was used in the assessment of the University of Education’s network infrastructure, and to demonstrate attacks and intrusion into the network infrastructure.
Results: Two firewall DMZ architecture techniques protect sensitive resources of the campus network by sanctioning the inflow and outflow of traffic, determining which segment allow and disallow traffic, whiles the Honeypot techniques were configured to keep the attention of attackers diverted from the main network, the full strength of an attack, until the administrators are prepared to put the effective counter in place. The fusion of DMZ and, Honeypot provide the System Administrators to effectively management the security of the campus networks.
Conclusion: Honeypots are used to detect vulnerabilities based on the attacker’s behaviour and, data collected by honeypots can be used to enhance other security technologies. The fusion of DMZ and Honeypot into the security models of the campus network made it more robust.
Production and Investigation of the Antiseptic Properties of Soaps Made from the Barks, Seeds and Leaves Extracts of Neem Tree
Authors: Mohammed U. F. , Danmallan A. , Ahmed M. H. 
Published: February 2022

The main aim of this work is to investigate the antiseptic properties of Azadirachta indica (Neem) tree parts (leaves, barks and seeds). The extracts were used in the production of soap samples of various concentrations (20 mg/cm3, 15 mg/cm3, 10 mg/cm3 and 5 mg/cm3). Inhibitory Activity sensitivity test using Agar-well Diffusion Method was employed to test the antibacterial activities of the soap samples on two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Propionibacterium acnes. The results show that soap samples from the Neem parts exhibited antiseptic properties against the bacteria tested. According to the results, the Neem bark soap produces the highest level of effectiveness across the entire concentration spectrum, followed by the Neem seed soap. The Neem leaves soap produced the lowest level of effectiveness against the two bacteria. The order of effectiveness of the soap samples is: NBRK (Neem barks) > NSED (Neem seeds) > NLVS (Neem leaves). The commercial soap (NRMS) used as a control sample did not exhibit antibacterial activity against the two microbes.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils of Synedrella nodiflora, Mikania cordata and Melanthera scandensthree Plants of the Ivorian Flora
Authors: Séraphin Konan N’dri , Antoine Kouamé Bosson , Vénance Konan Kouakou , Akhanovna Mamyr Békova-Békro Janat , Yves-Alain Békro 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The objective of this work is to contribute to the valorization of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Ivorian flora. We propose to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oil (EO) of three species used in traditional medicine.
Study Design: Valorization of aromatic and medicinal plants and essential oil.
Methodology: The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using the Blois method. The antibacterial activity of the different oils at different concentrations was determined for each bacterial strain, by the technique of macro-dilution in solid medium (diffusion in wells).The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. MBC / MIC ratios were calculated. When this ratio is less than 4, the extract is considered to be bactericidal. When it is 4, the extract is considered bacteriostatic.
Results: The antioxidant activity has pointed out the poor antioxidant power of the essential oil(EO) extracted. The EC50 values vary from 15 µg/mL to 32 µg/mg. The antibacterial tests have shown that the samples exert an inhibitory effect on Gram (+) bacteria. The diameters of the inhibition zones vary between 14 and 25 mm for the extracts against 35 mm for the gentamycin. The MBC/MIC is 2 for the gentamycin and 4 for all the EO combined versus the resistant S. aureus methicillin. Therefore, the essential oil has shown a bacteriostatic effect on this strain. As far as S. aureus CIP 483 is concerned, the MBC/MIC has given 1 for the gentamycin, 2 for M. scandens. The EO extract of M. scandens has a bactericidal action against this bacteria strain.
Conclusion: All the essential oils have less antioxidant activity than that of vitamin C.
The antibacterial activity of EO has given satisfactory results on all Gram (+) bacteria. Melanthera scandens Essential Oil shows antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus CIP 483.
Public Perception on Genetically Modified Products: A Case Study of Four Local Government Areas in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Edu N. E. , Ekerette E. E. , Adah P. O. 
Published: February 2022

This survey was carried out to evaluate the perception of the people of Cross River State on genetically modified products (GMPs). The survey was carried out in four local government areas of Cross River State (Odukpani, Calabar Municipality, Calabar South and Akpabuyo) with 1000 respondents in each local government area giving a total of 4000 respondents. Data obtained from the questionnaire shared to the respondents were carefully collated and presented in simple percentages for ease of understanding. The demographic data showed that there were more males in the study (51.2%) than females (48.80%). Majority of the respondents were aged 25-35 years (46%). Most respondents had tertiary education (65.25%) and were majorly civil servants (27%) and businessmen (22.25%). A greater percentage of the respondents (63.75%) never heard of GMPs prior to this research. It was grossly observed that most of the respondents had various fears and concerns about GMPs. However, 58.5% agreed that the adoption of biotechnological principles in agriculture will increase productivity. In clear terms, we are still far behind in consumer knowledge of GMPs and there is need for more robust efforts in bringing this great technology to the minds of the consumers.
Sonographic Evaluation of Renal Dimensions and Volume in Normal Pregnancy in Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Kiridi E. K. , Oriji P. C. , Abasi I. J. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Physiological changes in the renal system lead to important modifications in electrolyte, acid-base balance and renal function. Some of these changes occur in the renal dimensions and volume, and to adequately interpret these changes, physiological changes in pregnancy should be well understood.
Objective: To evaluate the renal dimensions and volume, and correlate them with age, parity and trimesters in normal pregnancy in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Study Design: Prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Radiology of the two tertiary hospitals in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, from July to December, 2021.
Materials and Methods: Sonographic assessments of the renal dimensions and volume in 400 randomly selected normal pregnant women in both tertiary health institutions were done, after obtaining written informed consent from them. Data were entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions for windows® version 25, SPSS Inc.; Chicago, USA). Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables; mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Student’s t-test was used to compare sample means; and Chi-square for associations.
Results: A total of 400 pregnant women were scanned. The mean renal bipolar length, mean antero-posterior diameter and mean renal width were 10.9 ± 1.0 cm, 4.7 ± 0.6 cm and 6.4 ± 0.7 cm respectively. Mean renal volume was 174.2 ± 44.8 cm. Renal volume was highest in the left kidney of women > 35 years (186.8 ± 47.3 cm3), and was lowest (162.8 ± 33.6 cm3) in the right kidney of women < 20 years. The mean values of the renal dimensions and volume increased with parity of the women and trimester of pregnancy.
Conclusion: This study produced a mean renal volume in pregnancy for our locality. It was revealed that the renal volume and dimensions were lowest in younger women and highest in older women. The renal volume increased as pregnancy advanced; and with increasing parity.
Climate Change Policies of the Four Largest Global Emitters of Greenhouse Gases: Their Similarities, Differences and Way Forward
Authors: Daniel Tang Kuok Ho 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The impetus to combat intensifying climate change has prompted countries to make policies pertinent to climate change. With China, India, the United States and the European Union contributing to more than half of greenhouse gases emitted, their climate change policies are of concern particularly as signatories of the Paris Agreement.
Study Design: This article critically reviews the climate change policies of the four largest
emitters of greenhouse gases, particularly their similarities and differences.
Methodology: This review examined more than 85 literature including scholarly articles, oﬃcial reports and policy documents published between 2010 and 2020, pertaining to climate change and energy policies, plans and programs of the four regions.
Results: This review shows that the policies address similar domains comprising eﬃciency in energy and resources utilization, development of cleaner and renewable energy, optimization of transport system and promotion of electric mobility. Land use, land-use change and forestry is more commonly addressed in policies of developing countries than the developed ones. Major diﬀerences of the policies are the emphasis where the United States and European Union focus more on clean transportation particularly hydrogen fuel, besides carbon market. The extents of making policy targets legally binding also differ. There is a signiﬁcant deﬁciency of adaptation policies compared to mitigation policies.
Conclusion: This review, thus, contributes to identifying shortcomings of current climate
change policies and continuous improvement of the policies.
Pharmaceutical (Nutraceutical) Development, Quality Control Assessment and Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of a Polyherbal Compound for Muscle Gain in Gym Going Healthy Volunteers: A Study Protocol
Authors: Shinde Aditi R. , Rathi Bharat , Wanjari Anita , Rathi Renu 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Protein powders are of great benefits for theyoungsterswho are gym freakand show an interest in bodybuildingneed some external supplementation for weight gain, in muscle growth.In Ayurveda several herbs are described which are useful in muscle gain.Large number of protein supplements are available in market, but in present times research based Ayurvedic herbal supplement which is having dual property like muscle strengthening and other side as a protein source is not yet available in market.
Objective: Pharmaceutical Development, Quality Control Assessment and Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of a Polyherbal Compound for Muscle Gain in Gym Going Healthy Volunteers.
Methodology: Polyherbal compounds will be prepared with selected drugs like Ashwagandha, Vidarikanda, Arjuna, Gokshur, Sitaand it will be converted into churna form. Analytical study for standardization of Polyherbal compound will be done. Clinical evaluations for efficacy will bedonein gym going healthy volunteers.
Observations and Results: Observation will be done on the basis of physical examination (assessment criteria) evaluation of the pre and post condition. Results will be drawn on the basis of observations and applying suitable tests. It will be noted and presented in form of table, charts, graphsetc.
Conclusion: If this Pharmaceutical preparation of Herbal Compound shows expected and significant outcome in muscle growth and then it will be boon to the youngsters, bodybuilders who are in search of such Ayurvedicmuscle gain formulation.
Knowledge and Awareness of Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases among Smokers Population in Chennai, India: A Cross Sectional Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Earasi Pawan Kumar , Priyadharshini R. , Sinduja Palati 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To analyse the knowledge and awareness of chronic lower respiratory diseases among the smoker population.
Introduction: Tobacco is a key toxin in our civilization. Tobacco use and smoking is currently one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in both developed and developing nations. Tobacco is made from a plant native to South America, specifically Peru and Ecuador. Tobacco was originally brought to Europe from America in the fourteenth century for medical purposes.
Materials and Methods: The study to evaluate Knowledge and Awareness of chronic lower
respiratory diseases among smokers population in Chennai, India. The targeted population for the study was 110 individuals within the age groups of 18-30. In this study, there was a formulation and distribution of a survey/ questionnaire, which was conducted among the students. The questionnaire consisted of twelve general questions to test not only their knowledge but also their awareness of the issue. Only completely filled online forms were included in the study. The filled responses were verified by two reviewers and the collected data was entered on the same day. The entered data was analysed using SPSS. Pearson Chi-square was performed to calculate frequencies of categorical variables.
Results: Symptoms cannot be seen and do not show up on medical tests. Some examples of symptoms are headache, fatigue, nausea and pain vary from each illness and diseases. 60% responded with their current symptoms as shortness of breath, 35% with coughing, 1.67% experiencing wheezing, 3.33% with lack of energy. Pearson Chi-square value was calculated, with values being statistically significant (p value is 0.000).
Conclusion: Smoking is clearly linked to systemic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, lung problems, and various cancers. Smoking is proven to be harmful to mothers and children in particular. Cigarette smoking has a detrimental impact on the oral cavity.
Role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Early Diabetic Maculopathy: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sahito Ghulam Hyder , Khanzada Mahtab Alam , Mirza Azfar Ahmed , Mahesar Mona Liza , Gilal Imtiaz Ahmed , Bhatti Urooj 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess the role of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) for early detection of diabetic maculopathy.
Study Design: Prospective Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration: Department of Ophthalmology, unit II Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Hyderabad between March 2020 to March 2021.
Methodology: Diabetic patients above the age of 20 years were screened by visual acuity recording, fundus, slit-lamp examination, and Fundus fluorescein angiography. Complete ophthalmic detail was obtained from each participant using pre-designed Proforma. Outcomes of the study were recorded.
Results: A total of 100 subjects having 200 eyes were observed in the study. There were 53(53%) males and 47(47%) females with a mean age of 54±21.22 years. FFA was done in 124(62%) eyes. Diabetic maculopathy with diabetic retinopathy was higher in moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) 53(42.7%) followed by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 22(17.7%), severe NPDR 20(16.1%), and mild NPDR 08(6.5%). Most of the subjects 79(63.7%) had the diffuse type of leakage followed by focal 33(26.6%) and mixed type of leakage. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and Central Macular Thickness (CMT) were improved at the 3rd and 6th-month follow-up visit as compared to baseline visit.
Conclusion: Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), a diagnostic method of diabetic retinopathy is reliable, more accurate, and precise. Our study recommends that diabetic patients should be regularly screened through FFA to save the precious vision of the diabetic population.
MoSe2/n‐GaN Heterojunction Induced High Photoconductive Gain for Low‐Noise Broadband Photodetection from Ultraviolet to Near‐Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Sandhu Harmanpreet Kaur , John John Wellington , Jakhar Alka , Sharma Abhishek , Jain Alok , Das Samaresh 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeterojunction photodiodes comprising of layered metal chalcogenides and wide‐bandgap semiconductors are a promising candidate for broadband photodetection. In this work, nanolayered Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)/Gallium Nitride (GaN) based photodetector has been demonstrated from ultraviolet to near‐infrared range (300–1000 nm). The performance is investigated by conducting Kelvin probe force microscopy to measure the conduction band offset at the interface of the heterojunction. It is used to analyze the energy‐band diagrams to understand the current transport mechanism. The device exhibits a high photoconductive gain of 1.8 × 104, responsivity of 5580 A W−1, detectivity of 1.9 × 1011 Jones and low noise equivalent power of 10 fW Hz−1/2 at 365 nm. Additionally, finite difference time domain simulations are performed for the MoSe2/n‐GaN heterostructure to authenticate the broadband photodetection spectrum. Therefore, the outcomes of this study validate the suitability of MoSe2/n‐GaN heterojunction devices for high responsivity and detectivity applications.
Predicting the Probability of Observation of Arbitrary Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Motevalli Benyamin , Hyde Lachlan , Fox Bronwyn L. , Barnard Amanda S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough it has been well established that the stability and properties of graphene oxide nanostructure are strongly influenced by the concentration, type, and distribution of oxygen groups on the surface, there has yet to be a definitive way of predicting the thermochemical stability in advance of detailed and time‐consuming experimentation or simulation. In this study, a data set of over 60 000 unique graphene oxide nanoflakes and supervised machine learning methods are used to predict the probability of observation (stability) with perfect accuracy, based on a limited set of structural features that can be controlled in advance. A decision tree is used to show how the features determine the stability, and a neural network provides an equation to predict the thermodynamic stability of virtually any configuration in minutes. This enables researchers to use machine learning as research planning tool or to assist in analyzing results from microanalysis.
Targeting mTORC2/HDAC3 Inhibits Stemness of Liver Cancer Cells Against Glutamine Starvation
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Lu , Chen Ping , Yan He‐Xin , Fu Gong‐Bo , Luo Fei‐Fei , Zhang Jun , Zhao Shi‐Min , Zhai Bo , Yu Jiang‐Hong , Chen Lin , Cui Hao‐Shu , Chen Jian , Huang Shuai , Zeng Jun , Xu Wei , Wang Hong‐Yang , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCancer cells are addicted to glutamine. However, cancer cells often suffer from glutamine starvation, which largely results from the fast growth of cancer cells and the insufficient vascularization in the interior of cancer tissues. Herein, based on clinical samples, patient‐derived cells (PDCs), and cell lines, it is found that liver cancer cells display stem‐like characteristics upon glutamine shortage due to maintaining the stemness of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and even promoting transformation of non‐TICs into stem‐like cells by glutamine starvation. Increased expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) is essential for maintaining and promoting stem‐like characteristics of liver cancer cells during glutamine starvation. Mechanistically, glutamine starvation activates Rictor/mTORC2 to induce HDAC3‐mediated deacetylation and stabilization of GS. Rictor is significantly correlated with the expression of GS and stem marker OCT4 at tumor site, and closely correlates with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinomas. Inhibiting components of mTORC2‐HDAC3‐GS axis decrease TICs and promote xenografts regression upon glutamine‐starvation therapy. Collectively, the data provides novel insights into the role of Rictor/mTORC2‐HDAC3 in reprogramming glutamine metabolism to sustain stemness of cancer cells. Targeting Rictor/HDAC3 may enhance the efficacy of glutamine‐starvation therapy and limit the rapid growth and malignant progression of tumors.