bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SMG6 localizes to the chromatoid body and shapes the male germ cell transcriptome to drive spermatogenesis
Authors: Lehtiniemi Tiina , Bourgery Matthieu , Ma Lin , Ahmedani Ammar , Mäkelä Margareeta , Asteljoki Juho , Olotu Opeyemi , Laasanen Samuli , Zhang Fu-Ping , Tan Kun , Chousal Jennifer N , Burow Dana , Koskinen Satu , Laiho Asta , Elo Laura L , Chalmel Frédéric , Wilkinson Miles F , Kotaja Noora 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved and selective RNA turnover pathway that depends on the endonuclease SMG6. Here, we show that SMG6 is essential for male germ cell differentiation in mice. Germ-cell conditional knockout (cKO) of Smg6 induces extensive transcriptome misregulation, including a failure to eliminate meiotically expressed transcripts in early haploid cells, and accumulation of NMD target mRNAs with long 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). Loss of SMG6 in the male germline results in complete arrest of spermatogenesis at the early haploid cell stage. We find that SMG6 is strikingly enriched in the chromatoid body (CB), a specialized cytoplasmic granule in male germ cells also harboring PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and the piRNA-binding protein PIWIL1. This raises the possibility that SMG6 and the piRNA pathway function together, which is supported by several findings, including that Piwil1-KO mice phenocopy Smg6-cKO mice and that SMG6 and PIWIL1 co-regulate many genes in round spermatids. Together, our results demonstrate that SMG6 is an essential regulator of the male germline transcriptome, and highlight the CB as a molecular platform coordinating RNA regulatory pathways to control sperm production and fertility.
Elongation of Siliques Without Pollination 3 Regulates Nutrient Flow Necessary for Embryogenesis
Authors: Takasaki Hironori , Ikeda Miho , Hasegawa Reika , Zhang Yilin , Sakamoto Shingo , Maruyama Daisuke , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Kinoshita Tetsu , Ohme-Takagi Masaru 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Apomixis, defined as the transfer of maternal germplasm to offspring without fertilization, enables the fixation of F1-useful traits, providing advantages in crop breeding. However, most apomictic plants require pollination to produce the endosperm. The endosperm is essential for embryogenesis, and its development is suppressed until fertilization. We show that the expression of a chimeric repressor of the Elongation of Siliques without Pollination 3 (ESP3) gene (Pro35S:ESP3-SRDX) induces ovule enlargement without fertilization in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ESP3 gene encodes a protein similar to the flowering Wageningen homeodomain transcription factor containing a StAR-related lipid transfer domain. However, ESP3 lacks the homeobox-encoding region. Genes related to the cell cycle and sugar metabolism were upregulated in unfertilized Pro35S:ESP3-SRDX ovules similar to those in fertilized seeds, while those related to autophagy were downregulated similar to those in fertilized seeds. Unfertilized Pro35S:ESP3-SRDX ovules partially nourished embryos when only the egg was fertilized, accumulating hexoses without central cell proliferation. ESP3 may regulate nutrient flow during seed development, and ESP3-SRDX could be a useful tool for complete apomixis that does not require pseudo-fertilization.
Cotranscriptional RNA processing and modification in plants
Authors: Marquardt Sebastian , Petrillo Ezequiel , Manavella Pablo A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The activities of RNA polymerases shape the epigenetic landscape of genomes with profound consequences for genome integrity and gene expression. A fundamental event during the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression is the coordination between transcription and RNA processing. Most primary RNAs mature through various RNA processing and modification events to become fully functional. While pioneering results positioned RNA maturation steps after transcription ends, the coupling between the maturation of diverse RNA species and their transcription is becoming increasingly evident in plants. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the crosstalk between RNA Polymerase II, IV, and V transcription and nascent RNA processing of both coding and noncoding RNAs.
ASSESSMENT OF DOSES FROM INGESTION OF RADIONUCLIDES 40 K, 137CS, 226RA AND 232TH IN EDIBLE COMMERCIAL MUSHROOMS FROM TAIWAN
Authors: Huang Wei-Hsiang , Huang Chao-Min , Lin Chih-Chung , Yeh Yi-Lung , Chen Ting-Chien 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study analyzed activity concentration and annual effective dose of radionuclides 40K, 137Cs, 226Ra and 232Th of 44 mushrooms collected from local markets in Taiwan. The 40K activity concentrations were 1570 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Agaricus bisporus) &gt; 1084 ± 183 Bq/kg-dw (Flammulina velutipe) &gt; 736 ± 150 Bq/kg-dw (Lentinula edodes). The activity concentrations of 226Ra were 5.04 ± 2.43, 4.00 ± 2.40 and 3.43 ± 2.69 Bq/kg-dw, and 232Th were 3.96 ± 2.18, 3.86 ± 1.43 and 2.90 ± 1.99 Bq/kg-dw for F. velutipe, L. edodes and A. bisporus, respectively. In seven of the 44 samples, 137Cs activity concentrations were detected, and the samples had an average of 1.55 ± 1.75 Bq/kg-dw. The total annual effective dose ranged from 0.90 to 3.50 μSv/y, with an average of 1.94 ± 0.62 μSv/y at an ingestion rate of 0.235 kg-dw/y.
Bruno Schulz and his 1926 Article: “Regarding the Problem of Determining Hereditary Prognosis. The Affliction Prospects for Nephews and Nieces of Schizophrenics”
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S , Klee Astrid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Authored by one of Rüdin’s most productive colleagues, Bruno Schulz, the main goal of this article was to estimate risk for dementia praecox (DP) in nieces/nephews (n/n) of DP probands to address practical questions for genetic counseling. Schulz selected 76 primary probands from records of the genealogical department of the German Research Institute of Psychiatry who both had DP and had siblings—secondary probands—with children aged 20 years or greater. Those children had a morbid risk for DP of 1.4%, much lower than that found in the offspring of DP in Hoffmann’s study. However, the secondary probands had much lower rates of DP than the unselected siblings of DP cases studied by Rüdin. So rates of DP in n/n of DP probands are likely lower than expected theoretically because the secondary probands are being indirectly selected for a lowered genetic risk for DP by having successfully reproduced. Schulz diagnosed eccentric and other disordered personalities in the secondary probands and their spouses and presented evidence that other disordered personalities but especially eccentric personalities in parents were related to the risk of both eccentricity and DP in their children, the n/n of the DP probands. Eugenic issues play a minor role in this article. Although generally supportive of eugenic goals, historical sources document that Schulz was opposed to the National Socialists and actively attempted to protect Jews and his patients from involuntary sterilization. This complicates attempts to judge the morality of the work of the Rüdin school as a single unit.
Patient values and preferences regarding prognostic counseling in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Gossard Thomas R , Teigen Luke N , Yoo Seeley , Timm Paul C , Jagielski Jack , Bibi Noor , Feemster John C , Steele Tyler , Carvalho Diego Z , Junna Mithri R , Lipford Melissa C , Tippmann Peikert Maja , LeClair-Visonneau Laurene , McCarter Stuart J , Boeve Bradley F , Silber Michael H , Hirsch Jessica , Sharp Richard R , St. Louis Erik K 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) carries a high lifetime risk for phenoconversion to a defined neurodegenerative disease (NDD) including Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. We aimed to examine iRBD patient values and preferences regarding prognostic counseling.

Methods
One hundred thirteen iRBD patient participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic iRBD Patient Registry were sent an email survey concerning their values and preferences concerning NDD prognostic counseling and their experiences following diagnosis with iRBD.

Results
Of 81 respondents (71.7% response rate), the majority were men (74.0%) with an average age of 65.7 (±9.7) years. Responses indicated a strong preference toward receiving prognostic information about possible future NDD development. 92.5% of respondents felt knowledge concerning personal NDD risk was important, while 87.6% indicated prognostic discussions were important to maintaining trust in their physician. 95.7% indicated a desire for more information, while only 4.3% desired less information regarding their NDD prognostic risk. Most respondents strongly agreed that prognostic information was important to discuss with their family and friends and inform future life planning, and most expressed interest in learning more about future neuroprotective therapies and symptomatic treatments for parkinsonism and dementia.

Conclusions
Most iRBD patients indicated strong preferences for disclosure of NDD prognostic risk and indicated that prognostic information was important for family discussions and future life planning. Future broader surveys and qualitative studies of clinic-based and ultimately community dwelling iRBD patients’ values and preferences are needed to guide appropriately tailored and individualized prognostic counseling approaches following iRBD diagnosis.
Brokering Resources during a Pandemic: Exploring How Organizations and Clinics Responded to the Needs of Immigrant Communities during COVID-19
Authors: Roth Benjamin J , Woo Bongki , Doering-White John 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Though COVID-19 has had sweeping implications, many immigrant groups in the United States have been disproportionately affected. The purpose of the present study is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on immigrant communities and how local immigrant-serving organizations (ISOs) have responded during the pandemic. The authors conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with executive directors and program coordinators of 31 ISOs and health clinics in Kentucky, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Findings highlight the needs of immigrants and refugees during the pandemic, including economic burden, lack of information, and limited access to testing and treatment for COVID-19. The authors find that ISOs have responded to these needs by providing basic supports, partnering with other local organizations to channel needed resources to immigrant communities, and collaborating with state-level entities to improve outreach, testing, and treatment. The authors also identify mechanisms that enabled the organizations to make nimble accommodations during the pandemic as well as the burden and compromises that these organizations have experienced. The authors argue that ISOs represent an important aspect of safety nets available for immigrants and provide insights into how other organizations can prepare for public health crises like COVID-19 in the future.
Examining Historical and Contemporary Policing Disparities in the Black Community: Implications for Social Work
Authors: Wilson Betty L , Wooten Nikki R , Pitner Ronald O 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An alarming number of unarmed Black men and women have been killed by police in the United States. Though research suggests that police violence is not a new phenomenon in Black communities in the United States, several shocking high-profile incidents of unarmed Black people killed by police in recent years have catapulted this problem more sharply into our nation’s consciousness. Despite recent efforts to engage in critical discourse about police violence against unarmed Black people in mainstream media and across multiple disciplines, limited research exists on the connection between historical and contemporary acts of police violence in Black communities. This article conducts a critical analysis of the extant literature on historical and contemporary policing in the Black community and identifies linkages between these time periods using critical race theory. This article concludes with implications for social work to combat the issue of police violence in Black communities.
Revision of cytogenetic dosimetry in the IAEA manual 2011 based on data about radio‐sensitivity and dose‐rate findings contributing
Authors: Liu Gang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to achieve the goal of rapid response, effective controland protection of life inlarge‐scale radiation events, the IAEA Manual 2011 has been revised based on the data of radio‐sensitivity, dose‐rate findings. Analyze individual differences in radiation sensitivity using 60Co radiation (0.27 Gy/min). Chromosomal aberrations with different irradiation dose rates were used to establish the biological dose curve and analyze the excess of the “dicentric + ring” caused by the dose rate at each dose point; DAPI‐images and Metafer 4 were used to capture metaphase images and make further analysis. The data were collected in 2020, Dicentric + ring/100 Cells was 17.5–43.8, the average value was28.32 ± 6.98. The mean value of Dicentric + ring/100 Cells was 31.37 in males while 25.27 in females, there are significant differences (p < .01). The irradiation dose is dominant, At each dose point, the value of“(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/cell” is proportional to “dose rate”, that is, Y = kx + b, within the dose range of 1–5 Gy, “(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/Cell” holds a quadratic linear relationship with dose rate, that is, y = ax2 + bx + c; The DAPI‐images might give you more hints than those of conventional Giemsa‐stain. The authors recommend that the IAEA Manual 2011 could be revised based on data of radio‐sensitivity and dose‐rate, which may contribute to the establishment of a unified dose–response calibration curve and stimulation of potential for automation in cytogenetic biodosimetry. (1) Individual differences of radiosensitivity are very large. (2) At each dose point, “(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/cell” is proportional to “dose rate”, that is, Y = kx + b. (3) “(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/Cell” is a quadratic linear relationship with dose rate, that is, y = ax2 + bx + c. (4) We created a “Unity Standard Curve of Biological Dose Estimation”. Creating a Unity Standard Curve of Biological Dose, under these circumstances, we can form a joint and rapid response to a nuclear and radiological accident.
Tabrizicola rongguiensis sp. nov., isolated from the sediment of a river in Ronggui, Foshan city, China
Authors: Xu Jiarou , Deng Tongchu , Huang Youda , Dong Meijun , Yang Shan , Xu Meiying 
Published: October 2022

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated J26T, was isolated from the sediment of a river in Ronggui, Foshan city, China. Strain J26T grew optimally at 0 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 6.5–7.5, and 30 °C, and it formed milky white irregular colonies on Reasoner's 2A agar medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain J26T had the highest similarity to

Tabrizicola aquatica

RCRI19T (97.1 %) and formed a distinct clade in the genus

Tabrizicola

. Cellular components of J26T supported this strain as a member of the genus

Tabrizicola

. The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1
ω7c, C18 : 1
ω7c-11 methyl and C16 : 0. Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphorylethanolamine. Ubiquinone Q-10 was the major respiratory quinone, and the DNA G+C content was 64.2 mol%. However, low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and average nucleotide identity (73.56 % for ANIb between strain J26T with RCRI19T) demonstrated that strain J26T should be assigned to a novel species. Moreover, the differences between J26T and RCRI19T in terms of physiological and biochemical properties, such as carbon, nitrogen and sulphur metabolism, further supported that J26T represents a novel species, for which the name Tabrizicola rongguiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is J26T (=GDMCC 1.2843T=KCTC 92112T).
Effects of return-to-office, public schools reopening, and vaccination mandates on COVID-19 cases among municipal employee residents of New York City
Authors: Greene Sharon K. , Tabaei Bahman P. , Culp Gretchen M. , Levin-Rector Alison , Kishore Nishant , Baumgartner Jennifer 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveOn September 13, 2021, teleworking ended for New York City municipal employees, and Department of Education (DOE) employees returned to reopened schools. On October 29, COVID-19 vaccination was mandated. We assessed these mandates’ short-term effects on disease transmission.MethodsUsing difference-in-difference analyses, we calculated COVID-19 incidence rate ratios (IRR) among residents 18–64 years-old by employment status pre- and post-policy implementation.ResultsIRRs post-(September 23–October 28) vs. pre-(July 5–September 12) return-to-office were similar between office-based City employees and non-City employees. Among DOE employees, the IRR after schools reopened was elevated 28.4% (95% CI: 17.3%–40.3%). Among City employees, the IRR post-(October 29–November 30) vs. pre- (September 23– October 28) vaccination mandate was lowered 20.1% (95% CI: 13.7%–26.0%).ConclusionsWorkforce mandates influenced disease transmission, among other societal effects.
Evaluation of Pregnant and Lactating Women’s Prescriptions for Drug-drug Interactions (DDI) And Contraindications
Authors: Khan Muhammad Sameer Hayat 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the pregnancy cycle and lactation period women may develop complications. Thus, special attention to pharmacotherapy is necessary, particularly to drug interactions (DDIs) and to the effect of the drugs on the foetus and the mother.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the profile of DDIs, and the risk of drugs used during pregnancy and breastfeeding among patients admitted in different hospitals.MethodologyWe conducted an observational and prospective study, including pregnant and breastfeeding women admitted to the different hospitals and clinics of KPK, PUNJAB and SINDH. Online databases were used to identify and classify the DDIs, and the potential risk of the drugs used during pregnancy and breastfeeding.ResultsOn the basis of subgroups data was evaluated for pregnant and lactating women. 128 (62.0%) of the women involved in their research were pregnant women and 78 (38.0%) of them were lactating women.In pregnant women number of interactions found were 91 (42.52%) while in lactating women number of interactions found were 123 (57.48%). Total contraindicated drugs prescribed in the prescriptions of pregnant and lactating women were 4 which was 0.48% of the total drugs prescribed from which 3 (75%) were found in prescriptions of pregnant women and 1 (15%) was found in prescription of a lactating women.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a significant number of drug- drug interactions in both pregnant and lactating mothers due to complexity in prescribed pharmacotherapy. Most of the interactions found in our prescriptions had minor to major severity level. A little percent of contraindicated drugs was also seen which could be easily substituted with safer medicine.
Transmorphic phage-guided systemic delivery ofTNFαgene for the treatment of human paediatric medulloblastoma
Authors: Al-Bahrani Mariam , Asavarut Paladd , Waramit Sajee , Suwan Keittisak , Hajitou Amin 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTMedulloblastoma is the most common childhood brain tumor with an unfavorable prognosis and limited options of harmful treatments that are associated with devastating long-term side effects. Therefore, the development of safe, non-invasive and effective therapeutic approaches is required to save the quality of life of young medulloblastoma survivors. We postulated that therapeutic targeting is a solution. Thus, we used a recently designed tumor-targeted bacteriophage (phage)-derived particle, named transmorphic phage/AAV, TPA, to deliver a transgene expressing the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) for targeted systemic therapy of medulloblastoma. This vector was engineered to display the double cyclic RGD4C peptide to selectively target tumors after intravenous administration. Furthermore, the lack of native phage tropism to mammalian cells warrants safe and selective systemic delivery to the tumor microenvironment.In vitroRGD4C.TPA.TNFαtreatment of human medulloblastoma cells generated efficient and selectiveTNFαexpression, subsequently triggering cell death. Combination with the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, used clinically against medulloblastoma, resulted in augmented effect through the enhancement ofTNFαgene expression. Systemic administration of RGD4C.TPA.TNFαto mice bearing subcutaneous medulloblastoma xenografts resulted in selective tumor homing of these particles, and consequently targeted tumor expression of TNFα, apoptosis, and destruction of the tumor vasculature. Thus, our RGD4C.TPA.TNFαparticle provides selective and efficient systemic delivery ofTNFαto medulloblastoma, yielding a potential TNFα anti-medulloblastoma therapy while sparing healthy tissues from the systemic toxicity of this cytokine.
The Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of the Broadly Active Antiviral RibonucleosideN4-Hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931) in a Mouse Model of Lethal Ebola Virus Infection
Authors: Bluemling Gregory R. , Mao Shuli , Natchus Michael G. , Painter Wendy , Mulangu Sabue , Lockwood Mark , De La Rosa Abel , Brasel Trevor , Comer Jason E. , Freiberg Alexander N. , Kolykhalov Alexander A. , Painter George R. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe unprecedented magnitude of the 2013-2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic in West Africa resulted in over 11,000 deaths and spurred an international public health emergency. A second outbreak in 2018-2020 in DRC resulted in an additional >3400 cases and nearly 2300 deaths (WHO Disease Outbreak News: Update 26 June, 2020). These large outbreaks across geographically diverse regions highlight the need for the development of effective oral therapeutic agents that can be easily distributed for self-administration to populations with active disease or at risk of infection. Herein, we report the in vivo efficacy ofN4-hydroxycytidine (EIDD-1931), a broadly active ribonucleoside analog and the active metabolite of the prodrug EIDD-2801 (molnupiravir), in murine models of lethal EBOV infection. Twice daily oral dosing with EIDD-1931 at 200 mg/kg for 7 days, initiated either with a prophylactic dose 2 hours before infection, or as therapeutic treatment starting 6 hours post-infection, resulted in 92-100% survival of mice challenged with lethal doses of EBOV, reduced clinical signs of Ebola virus disease (EVD), reduced serum virus titers, and facilitated weight loss recovery. These results support further investigation of molnupiravir as a potential therapeutic or prophylactic treatment for EVD.