bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomics reveals global-scale contrasts in nitrogen cycling and cyanobacterial light-harvesting mechanisms in glacier cryoconite
Authors: Murakami Takumi , Takeuchi Nozomu , Mori Hiroshi , Hirose Yuu , Edwards Arwyn , Irvine-Fynn Tristram , Li Zhongqin , Ishii Satoshi , Segawa Takahiro 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCryoconite granules are mineral–microbial aggregates found on glacier surfaces worldwide and are hotspots of biogeochemical reactions in glacier ecosystems. However, despite their importance within glacier ecosystems, the geographical diversity of taxonomic assemblages and metabolic potential of cryoconite communities around the globe remain unclear. In particular, the genomic content of cryoconite communities on Asia’s high mountain glaciers, which represent a substantial portion of Earth’s ice masses, has rarely been reported. Therefore, in this study, to elucidate the taxonomic and ecological diversities of cryoconite bacterial consortia on a global scale, we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing of cryoconite acquired from a range of geographical areas comprising Polar (Arctic and Antarctic) and Asian alpine regions.ResultsOur metagenomic data indicate that compositions of both bacterial taxa and functional genes are particularly distinctive for Asian cryoconite. Read abundance of the genes responsible for denitrification was significantly more abundant in Asian cryoconite than the Polar cryoconite, implying that denitrification is more enhanced in Asian glaciers. The taxonomic composition ofCyanobacteria, the key primary producers in cryoconite communities, also differs between the Polar and Asian samples. Analyses on the metagenome-assembled genomes and fluorescence emission spectra reveal that Asian cryoconite is dominated by multiple cyanobacterial lineages possessing phycoerythrin, a green light-harvesting component for photosynthesis. In contrast, Polar cryoconite is dominated by a single cyanobacterial speciesPhormidesmis priestleyithat does not possess phycoerythrin. These findings suggest that the assemblage of cryoconite bacterial communities respond to regional- or glacier-specific physicochemical conditions, such as the availability of nutrients (e.g., nitrate and dissolved organic carbon) and light (i.e., incident shortwave radiation).ConclusionsOur genome-resolved metagenomics provides the first characterization of the taxonomic and metabolic diversities of cryoconite from contrasting geographical areas, highlighted by the distinct light-harvesting approaches ofCyanobacteriaand nitrogen utilization between Polar and Asian cryoconite, and implies the existence of environmental controls on the assemblage of cryoconite communities. These findings deepen our understanding of the biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles of glacier ecosystems, which are susceptible to ongoing climate change and glacier decline, on a global scale.
Is high sensitive-troponin I a reliable biomarker for cardiac injury in methadone toxicity? A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Shemirani Hasan , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Dehkordi Azadeh Davoudian , Gheshlaghi Farzad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Methadone is a synthetic opioid mostly used for detoxification therapy, as its use increases; the possibility for methadone-induced cardiotoxicity may rise. The aim of this study was to determine the association of high-sensitivity troponin I levels as a predictor of cardiac injury in methadone toxicity.

Methods
Sixty methadone toxicity patients included in this prospective cross-sectional study from October 2018–November 2020. High-sensitivity troponin I level and electrocardiogram were assessed in patients at admission. All patients underwent echocardiography at admission and 30 days later and compared this finding between two groups based on high-sensitivity troponin I results.

Results
Mean age of the patients was 34.5 ± 11.1 years (males: 67%). Twenty (20%) patients had positive high sensitive-troponin results. Long QT interval and inverted T in precordial leads were mostly observed in individuals with positive high-sensitivity troponin I (75% vs. 35%, P = 0.013 and 83% vs. 16%, P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with elevated troponin had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in comparison to normal group during admission (43.1 ± 15.4% vs. 55%, P < 0.001) and this left ventricular ejection fraction remained abnormal after 30 days (43.7 ± 21.6%). Patients in positive high-sensitivity troponin I group had higher regional wall motion abnormality frequency both at admission and 30 days later compared to the other group (0 day: 42% vs. 0, P < 0.001, 30th days: 25% vs. 4%, P = 0.020).

Conclusion
Patients with simultaneous methadone toxicity and positive high-sensitivity troponin I had worse cardiac outcomes and this biomarker could be probably used for better implementation of therapeutic interventions and prognosis.
Self-harm in people experiencing homelessness: investigation of incidence, characteristics and outcomes using data from the Multicentre Study of Self-Harm in England
Authors: Clements Caroline , Farooq Bushra , Hawton Keith , Geulayov Galit , Casey Deborah , Waters Keith , Ness Jennifer , Patel Anita , Townsend Ellen , Appleby Louis , Kapur Navneet 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPeople who experience homelessness are thought to be at high risk of suicide, but little is known about self-harm in this population.AimsTo examine characteristics and outcomes in people experiencing homelessness who presented to hospital following self-harm.MethodData were collected via specialist assessments and/or hospital patient records from emergency departments in Manchester, Oxford and Derby, UK. Data were collected from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016, with mortality follow-up via data linkage with NHS Digital to 31 December 2019. Trend tests estimated change in self-harm over time; descriptive statistics described characteristics associated with self-harm. Twelve-month repetition and long-term mortality were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models and controlled for age and gender.ResultsThere were 4841 self-harm presentations by 3270 people identified as homeless during the study period. Presentations increased after 2010 (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.14, P < 0.001). People who experienced homelessness were more often men, White, aged under 54 years, with a history of previous self-harm and contact with psychiatric services. Risk of repetition was higher than in domiciled people (HR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.94–2.17, P < 0.001), as were all-cause mortality (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.32–1.59. P < 0.001) and mortality due to accidental causes (HR = 2.93, 95% CI 2.41–3.57, P < 0.001).ConclusionsPeople who self-harm and experience homelessness have more complex needs and worse outcomes than those who are domiciled. Emergency department contact presents an opportunity to engage people experiencing homelessness with mental health, drug and alcohol, medical and housing services, as well as other sources of support.
Deep Neural Networks Can Accurately Detect Blood Loss and Hemorrhage Control Task Success From Video
Authors: Kugener Guillaume , Zhu Yichao , Pangal Dhiraj J. , Sinha Aditya , Markarian Nicholas , Roshannai Arman , Chan Justin , Anandkumar Animashree , Hung Andrew J. , Wrobel Bozena B. , Zada Gabriel , Donoho Daniel A. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have not been proven to detect blood loss (BL) or predict surgeon performance from video.

OBJECTIVE:
To train a DNN using video from cadaveric training exercises of surgeons controlling simulated internal carotid hemorrhage to predict clinically relevant outcomes.

METHODS:
Video was input as a series of images; deep learning networks were developed, which predicted BL and task success from images alone (automated model) and images plus human-labeled instrument annotations (semiautomated model). These models were compared against 2 reference models, which used average BL across all trials as its prediction (control 1) and a linear regression with time to hemostasis (a metric with known association with BL) as input (control 2). The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficients were used to compare the models; lower RMSE indicates superior performance.

RESULTS:
One hundred forty-three trials were used (123 for training and 20 for testing). Deep learning models outperformed controls (control 1: RMSE 489 mL, control 2: RMSE 431 mL, R2 = 0.35) at BL prediction. The automated model predicted BL with an RMSE of 358 mL (R2 = 0.4) and correctly classified outcome in 85% of trials. The RMSE and classification performance of the semiautomated model improved to 260 mL and 90%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
BL and task outcome classification are important components of an automated assessment of surgical performance. DNNs can predict BL and outcome of hemorrhage control from video alone; their performance is improved with surgical instrument presence data. The generalizability of DNNs trained on hemorrhage control tasks should be investigated.
Diverse Crystal Structures of Ion Pairs Consisting of Oxaporphyrinium Cations and Pentacyanocyclopentadienide
Authors: Takiguchi Asahi , Tanaka Hiroki , Maeda Hiromitsu , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Intermolecular interaction is the key to controlling the crystal packing structure of π-conjugated systems. Here we synthesized ion pairs consisting of various oxaporphyrinium cations and pentacyanocyclopentadienide. Their crystal packing structures differed depending on the central metals of the oxaporphyrinium cation. Energy decomposition analysis clarified that dispersion and electrostatic forces played a critical role in determining the packing structures.
Power Loading–Induced Fatigue Is Influenced by Menstrual Cycle Phase
Authors: PELTONEN HEIKKI , MIKKONEN-TAIPALE RITVA , UIMONEN TEEMU , WALKER SIMON , HACKNEY ANTHONY C. , VALTONEN MAARIT , KYRÖLÄINEN HEIKKI , IHALAINEN JOHANNA K. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effects of fatiguing power loading on neuromuscular properties, force production, and metabolic capacities during four phases of the menstrual cycle (MC): menstruation (M), midfollicular (mid FOL), ovulation (OV), and midluteal (mid LUT).

Methods
Sixteen eumenorrheic women performed sessions of maximal explosive leg press (2 × 10 at 60% one-repetition maximum load with 2-min recovery between sets). Serum hormones and neuromuscular responses were measured.

Results
The loading protocol significantly decreased power (between −14.2% and −12.5%; P < 0.001) and maximal force production (between maximum voluntary force (MVC); −15.0% and −7.8%; P < 0.001–0.05), while decreasing activation level (between AL; −6.9% and −2.2%; P < 0.001–0.05) in all MC phases. The decreases in AL were greater during mid LUT (P < 0.01) compared with OV. Changes in MVC and AL were associated (r
2 = 0.53; P < 0.01) at all MC phases. The decrease in EMG during MVC did not differ between the MC phases; however, mean power frequency was higher during M (+7.7%; P < 0.05) and mid LUT (+3.1%; P < 0.05) compared with OV (−7.5%). Resting twitch force decreased during mid FOL (−6.9%; P < 0.05) and mid LUT (−16.2%; P < 0.001), and these values were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with OV. In addition, resting twitch force at mid LUT was lower (P < 0.01) compared with M. Blood lactate levels increased more (P < 0.05) during M compared with mid LUT. Some serum hormone concentrations were associated with fatigue-induced changes in neuromuscular properties and force production, but these correlations behaved differently between the MC phases.

Conclusions
OV may offer a more favorable hormonal milieu for acute neural responses, whereas mid FOL and mid LUT seem to be superior for acute muscular responses.
Οι επιπτώσεις της πρώτης καραντίνας για την αντιμετώπιση της πανδημίας του COVID-19 στην ψυχική υγεία των φοιτητών και ο ρόλος των καθημερινών δραστηριοτήτων
Authors: Κορνηλάκη Αικατερίνα 
Published: March 2022

Η έρευνα μελετά τις επιπτώσεις της πανδημίας του COVID-19 στην ψυχική υγεία νεαρών ενηλίκων εξετάζοντας τα επίπεδα κατάθλιψης, άγχους και στρες καθώς και την βίωση θετικών και αρνητικών συναισθημάτων κατά την πρώτη καραντίνα. Ως επιβαρυντικοί παράγοντες για την ψυχική υγεία εξετάζονται τα επίπεδα ανησυχίας προσβολής από τον ιό, ο βαθμός διατάραξης της καθημερινότητας, η τήρηση των υγειονομικών μέτρων, η γνωριμία με πάσχον άτομο και το φύλο. Μελετάται επίσης πώς οι συμμετέχοντες κατένειμαν τον χρόνο τους και η σχέση του με τους δείκτες ψυχικής υγείας. Στη μελέτη έλαβαν μέρος 1060 φοιτητές, προπτυχιακοί και μεταπτυχιακοί από όλη την χώρα, που συμπλήρωσαν ένα ανώνυμο διαδικτυακό ερωτηματολόγιο, το οποίο περιλάμβανε δημογραφικές πληροφορίες, τις κλίμακες κατάθλιψης, άγχους και στρες (DASS-21), θετικού και αρνητικού συναισθήματος (PANAS), καθώς και κλίμακες που αξιολογούσαν την ανησυχία νόσησης από τον νέο κορωναϊό, το βαθμό διατάραξης της ζωής τους, τη συμμόρφωσή τους με τα υγειονομικά μέτρα και το χρόνο που αφιέρωναν σε διάφορες δραστηριότητες. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι ένα σημαντικό ποσοστό των συμμετεχόντων βίωσε υψηλά επίπεδα κατάθλιψης, στρες και άγχους, ενώ μειώθηκε η βίωση θετικών συναισθημάτων και αυξήθηκε των αρνητικών, ειδικά στις γυναίκες. Η ανησυχία για τον ιό, η διατάραξη της καθημερινότητας και η γνωριμία με ασθενή επηρέασαν αρνητικά την ψυχική υγεία, όπως και ο χρόνος οθόνης, η πολύωρη ενημέρωση για την πανδημία και η απραξία. Αντίθετα, η ενασχόληση με τις εξ αποστάσεως σπουδές, τις οικιακές δραστηριότητες και τη φυσική άσκηση λειτούργησαν προστατευτικά. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι οι φοιτητές είναι ένας ευάλωτος πληθυσμός και αναδεικνύουν την ανάγκη παροχής υποστηρικτικών υπηρεσιών.
Διερεύνηση της εμπειρίας του εγκλεισμού λόγω πανδημίας και των πιθανών συνεπειών του σε παιδιά και εφήβους ηλικίας 5-18 ετών
Authors: Τεντολούρη Ευαγγελία , Παπαδόπουλος Τιμόθεος Κ. 
Published: March 2022

Η παρούσα μελέτη αποσκοπούσε στη διερεύνηση της ψυχολογικής επίδρασης των μέτρων προστασίας κατά της πανδημίας, και συγκεκριμένα στην εμπειρία του εγκλεισμού και των πιθανών συνεπειών του σε παιδιά (ηλικίες 5-9) και εφήβους (ηλικίες 10-18). Για τους σκοπούς της έρευνας, αναπτύξαμε ένα ειδικό ερωτηματολόγιο του οποίου η δομή βασιζόταν στις βασικές και γενικές ψυχολογικές ανάγκες του ατόμου, ενώ υπήρχαν και ανιχνευτικά ερωτήματα σχετικά με τη τρέχουσα συναισθηματική κατάσταση και ανησυχία για το μέλλον. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε διαδικτυακά. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτελείτο από 715 συμμετέχοντες (παιδιά: ν=336 και εφήβους: ν=479), από Κύπρο και Ελλάδα. Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων έδειξε σημαντικές διαφορές τόσο μεταξύ των ηλικιακών ομάδων, ως προς τη συναισθηματική κατάσταση και τη μεταβολή της καθημερινότητας, το σχολείο και την εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση, όσο και στην περίπτωση του φύλου, σχετικά με την τήρηση υγιεινής, το αίσθημα ασφάλειας και τη μεταβολή της καθημερινότητας. Το συμπέρασμα είναι ότι παρά την πρωτόγνωρη για όλους εμπειρία, τα παιδιά και οι έφηβοι διαχειρίστηκαν την κατάσταση του εγκλεισμού διατηρώντας υψηλό βαθμό αυτορρύθμισης των συναισθημάτων τους.
Taking facial expression recognition outside the lab and into the wild by using challenging datasets and improved performance metrics
Authors: Ibrahim Adem Khalid , Ramakrishnan Kannan , Govardhanan Kousalya , Kannan Rathimala 
Published: March 2022

Background: Facial expression recognition is a challenging field, evident by the ineffectiveness of current state-of-the-art techniques that aim to classify facial expressions. Despite showing high levels of accuracy, these methods perform poorly in real-life implementation. This poor performance is because the training sets used are usually simple, limited, and in a controlled lab environment. Methods: This paper explores newer datasets that consist of images taken in challenging conditions with many variations. Using such datasets improves the accuracy of classification because it exposes the model to a variety of samples. In addition, we used new performance metrics to reflect the challenging conditions for classification. We reviewed the current best techniques for expression recognition and laid out a method to design an improved deep neural network using AffectNet, a newer and more challenging dataset. The implementation method is an iterative process that trains a convolutional neural network on challenging datasets, evaluates the result, and improves the model by tweaking its parameters. The models are also evaluated with new metrics like cross-dataset accuracy and mean accuracy drop. Results: We found that the best performing model was the Visual Geometry Group 16 layer (VGG16) model, with a training accuracy of 81.05%, an improvement of 9.05% compared to AlexNet, the next best model trained on the same dataset, and testing accuracy of 70.69%, compared to 64% for AlexNet. The proposed model configuration was also assessed with cross-dataset accuracy scoring 42.02% and outperforming Inception V3, the next best model with a score of 28.96%, on the same metric. Conclusions: The research resulted in improved accuracy of classifying expressions due to a better, more challenging dataset. In addition, we used new metrics that give us a better picture of the model’s robustness.
Effect of environmental factors on blood counts of Gambusia affinis caught at Brantas River watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto , Arfiati Diana , Lusiana Evellin Dewi , Putra Renanda B.D.S. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Contamination of freshwater ecosystems has become a major issue as it threatens public water sources as well as aquatic life. It is important to predict changes in organism health, given a known number of environmental factors and pollutant concentrations, in order to better manage contaminants through biomarker analysis. This study aims to examine the ecosystem health of the Brantas River based on its environmental condition and the hematology profile of Gambusia affinis fish present in the river. This species was chosen because of its wide distribution along the Brantas River, and because it is very tolerant, adaptable, highly abundant, and easy to catch. Methods: The study area included 10 sampling sites along the Brantas River watershed. In total, six water quality parameters were observed (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia concentration, and phenol concentration) and hematology measurements consisted of erythrocyte, leucocyte, and micronuclei analyses. Results: The results showed that the upstream area of Brantas River, located in Batu, was the least polluted region, while Mojokerto was the most polluted. The erythrocyte level of Gambusia affinis caught in most sampling sites was quite low. Furthermore, research revealed that the status of Gambusia affinis' hematological profile was significantly correlated (p<0.05) with water quality parameters, particularly DO, BOD, ammonia, and phenol. Conclusions: It can be concluded from these results that the hematological profile of the fish is poor due to high levels of organic waste and harmful substances.
Practical tips for teaching ethics and humanism to medical students
Authors: Meacham Katharine R. , Sloan Ira , Latessa Robyn A. 
Published: March 2022

This article presents the results of a decade’s experiment in creating a longitudinal ethics and humanism curriculum for the core clinical year at UNC School of Medicine, North Carolina, United States. This curriculum applies published research on best practices in medical ethics education. Sample comments from course evaluations of the students who have completed this curriculum provide support for its success at achieving its desired learning outcomes. To create a similar ethics curriculum in the core clinical year at other medical schools, there are twelve practical tips: preparation: read the research on the ethical challenges for medical students; recruit an interdisciplinary teaching team; create cohorts for this aspect of the curriculum that will stay together for the year; grade only with pass/fail; have the students bring the cases from their clinical experiences; feed them if possible, and structure the time together carefully. Use a narrative ethics methodology and introduce alternative methods for student writing and group process. Connect students with literature in medical humanities and bioethics and encourage publication of their narratives. As with any good creation, the whole is more than the sum of its parts, and each campus can adapt these guidelines for their people and programs.
The relationship between family relations and manifestations of the professional skills of a psychologist
Authors: Pivovarova Tat'yana , Maltseva Tatyana , lelik Natal'ya , Efimenko Aleksandr , Emel'yanova Elena , Sheveleva Mariya 
Published: March 2022

Within the framework of the study, it is important and interesting how relationships in the family and the professional skills of psychologists are interconnected. The study of intra-family relations is extremely important for understanding the factors influencing the formation of a person's personality and his professionalism. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between relationships in the family and manifestations of the professional skills of a psychologist. The subject of the study is the relationship between family relations and manifestations of the professional skills of a psychologist.
The methodological basis of the study was the scientific works of domestic and foreign psychologists: A. K. Markova, V. A. Bodrov, E. F. Zeer, Eidemiller E. G., Yustitskis V.
Research methods: theoretical level: study and analysis of literature on the research topic; empirical level: the test "Typical family condition", aimed at studying the atmosphere in the family. The respondent is asked to recall their feelings that they experience while in the family, and evaluate them on a seven-point scale. A questionnaire was also compiled that studied the manifestations of the professional skills of a psychologist, suggesting that respondents assess the skills of a psychologist presented in the list on a five-point scale; as well as methods of mathematical data processing: Spearman's correlation criterion.
Theoretical significance of the study: few scientific works are devoted to the study of the relationship between family relations and the activities of a psychologist. Little is known about how family relationships and manifestations of psychological skills can influence each other. Therefore, the study is significant in that the relationship between these two parameters in students is being studied.
The practical significance of the study: the results of the study can be used in the practice of counseling on family relations, in the development of questionnaires and questionnaires to study the manifestations of the professional skills of a psychologist. Also, the results can be used to develop activities aimed at developing the skills of a psychologist in students.
Empirical research base: the research was conducted on the third and fourth year students (N=38) of the training direction "Psychology" of Vyatka State University. 31 women and 7 men participated.