bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative Technique: Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma—Unique Case and Management
Authors: Mazur-Hart David J. , O'Neill Brannan E. , Pang Brandi W. , Hakar Melanie H. , Wood Matthew D. , Gupta Sachin , Sayama Christina M. , Liu Jesse J. , Dogan Aclan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective We describe the first jugular foramen angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) case and the first treatment with preoperative endovascular embolization. AFH is a rare intracranial neoplasm, primarily found in pediatric patient extremities. With an increase in AFH awareness and a well-described genetic profile, intracranial prevalence has also subsequently increased.
Study Design We compare this case to previously reported cases using PubMed/Medline literature search, which was performed using the algorithm [“intracranial” AND “angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma”] through December 2020 (23 manuscripts with 46 unique cases).
Patient An 8-year-old female presented with failure to thrive and right-sided hearing loss. Work-up revealed an absence of right-sided serviceable hearing and a large jugular foramen mass. Angiogram revealed primary arterial supply from the posterior branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery, which was preoperatively embolized.
Intervention Gross total resection was performed via a translabyrinthine approach.
Conclusion The case presented is unique; the first reported AFH at the jugular foramen and the first reported case utilizing preoperative embolization. Preoperative embolization is a relatively safe technique that can improve the surgeon's ability to perform a maximally safe resection, which may decrease the need for adjuvant radiation in rare skull base tumors in young patients.
Colorectal Cancer: Comparative Analysis Between Two Series of Patients Separated by More Than Three Decades
Authors: Djadou Teresa Moreno , Rey Antonio , Die Javier , Lobo Eduardo , Pérez Juan Carlos García 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aim This study characterizes Colorectal Cancer (CRC) incidence in the University Hospital Ramon and Cajal, Madrid, and analyzes variations over time. It establishes risk groups, aiming to discover whether diagnosis can be determined in less advanced stages of disease.
Method Evolutionary epidemiological study of genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of CRC in this district that enables the comparison of two cohorts of patients separated by 37 years: G1 (patients of current group) and G2 (patients of historical group). The main risk variables gleaned retrospectively were analyzed and the statistical association between cohorts was determined.
Results The mean age of patients increased significantly from 64 to 71 along with the incidence of ascending colon cancer. G1 scored higher than G2 for: the incidence of colon cancer in men, detection of adenomatous polyps (48.1%), percentage of resectability with curative intent (80.4%), and Dukes A stage (34.1%) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Biological aspects of CRC have been compared against its profile three decades earlier. We can confirm the existence of concrete changes in the manifestation and staging at the time of diagnosis or following earlier treatment.
4-component relativistic Hamiltonian with effective QED potentials for molecular calculations
Authors: Sunaga Ayaki , Salman Maen , Saue Trond 
Published: September 2022

We report the implementation of effective quantum electrodynamics (QED) potentials for all-electron four-component relativistic molecular calculations using the DIRAC code. The potentials are also available for two-component calculations, being properly picture-change transformed. The latter point is important; we demonstrate through atomic calculations that picture-change errors are sizable. Specifically, we have implemented the Uehling potential [E. A. Uehling, Phys. Rev. 48, 55 (1935)] for vacuum polarization and two effective potentials [P. Pyykkö and L.-B. Zhao, J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 36, 1469 (2003) and V. V. Flambaum and J. S. M. Ginges, Phys. Rev. A 72, 052115 (2005)] for electron self-energy. We provide extensive theoretical background for these potentials, hopefully reaching an audience beyond QED specialists. We report the following sample applications: (i) We first confirm the conjecture of P. Pyykkö that QED effects are observable for the AuCN molecule by directly calculating ground-state rotational constants B0 of the three isotopomers studied by microwave spectroscopy; QED brings the corresponding substitution Au–C bond length rs from 0.23 to 0.04 pm agreement with experiment. (ii) In regard to spectroscopic constants of van der Waals dimers M2 (M = Hg, Rn, Cn, Og), QED induces bond length expansions on the order of 0.15(0.30) pm for row 6(7) dimers. (iii) We confirm that there is a significant change of valence s population of Pb in the reaction PbH4 → PbH2 + H2, which is thereby a good candidate for observing QED effects in chemical reactions, as proposed in [K. G. Dyall et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 348, 497 (2001)]. We also find that whereas in PbH4 the valence 6s1/2 population resides in bonding orbitals, it is mainly found in nonbonding orbitals in PbH2. QED contributes 0.32 kcal/mol to the reaction energy, thereby reducing its magnitude by −1.27%. For corresponding hydrides of superheavy flerovium, the electronic structures are quite similar. Interestingly, the QED contribution to the reaction energy is of quite similar magnitude (0.35 kcal/mol), whereas the relative change is significantly smaller (−0.50%). This curious observation can be explained by the faster increase in negative vacuum polarization over positive electron self-energy contributions as a function of nuclear charge.
Inverse design of plasma metamaterial devices with realistic elements
Authors: Rodríguez Jesse A , Cappelli Mark A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn an expansion of a previous study (Rodríguezet al2021Phys. Rev. Appl.16014023), we apply inverse design methods to produce two-dimensional plasma metamaterial devices with realistic plasma elements which incorporate quartz envelopes, collisionality (loss), non-uniform density profiles, and resistance to experimental error/perturbation. Finite difference frequency domain simulations are used along with forward-mode differentiation to design waveguides and demultiplexers operating under the transverse magnetic polarization. Optimal devices with realistic elements are compared to previous devices with idealized elements, and several parameter initialization schemes for the optimization algorithm are explored, yielding a robust procedure for producing such devices. Demultiplexing and waveguiding are demonstrated for microwave-regime devices composed of plasma elements with reasonable space-averaged plasma frequencies∼10 GHz and a collision frequency∼1 GHz, allowing for futurein-situtraining and experimental realization of these designs.
Prospects for searching for axion-like particles at the CEPC
Authors: Wang Han , Yue Chong-Xing , Guo Yu-Chen , Cheng Xue-Jia , Li Xin-Yang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We explore the signals of axion-like particles (ALPs) via the process e
+
e
− → aγ → 3γ at the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC). The expected sensitivities of the CEPC with the center of mass energy

s

=
240

GeV for the ALP parameter space are obtained. Our results show that the promising sensitivities of the CEPC to the coupling g

aγγ
are in the range of 3.25 × 10−5 GeV−1 to 3.7 × 10−4 GeV−1 with the ALP mass m

a
from 2.9 GeV to 190 GeV.
Investigation of biological effects of chitosan magnetic nano-composites hydrogel
Authors: Gholami Milad , Abbasi Naser , Ghaneialvar Hori , Karimi Elahe , Afzalinia Ahmad , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Yadollahi Mehdi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growing concern about microorganism infections, especially hospital-acquired infections, has driven the demand for effective and safe agents in recent years. Herein, novel nanocomposites were prepared based on layered double hydroxides (LDH NPs), Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs), and chitosan hydrogel beads in different concentrations. The characteristics and composition of the prepared materials were investigated by various techniques such as XRD, FESEM, and FTIR. The results indicate that the nanocomposites are synthesized successfully, and each component is present in hydrogel matrixes. Then, their biomedical properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity, were examined. Our findings demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of nanocomposites significantly depends on the concentration of each component and their chemical groups. It shows itself in the result of the inhibitory zone of all bacteria or fungi samples. The obtained results indicate that the nanocomposite of Chitosan-hydrogel beads with 20% LDH and Fe2O3 (CHB-LDH-Fe2O3%20) and Chitosan-hydrogel beads based on 20% LDH (CHB-LDH%20) showed excellent antibacterial and antifungal properties against all tested bacteria and fungi (P ≤ 0.01). In addition, the antioxidant effects of the synthesized materials (especially CHB-LDH Fe2O3%20 and CHB-LDH%20) were investigated, showing high antioxidant efficacy against DPPH free radicals (P ≤ 0.01). According to our findings, we can say that these materials are promising biomaterials for inhibiting some infectious bacteria and fungi.
Hexagonal silicon−germanium nanowire branches with tunable composition
Authors: Li A , Hauge H I T , Verheijen M A , Bakkers E P A M , Tucker R T , Vincent L , Renard C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hexagonal SiGe-2H has been recently shown to have a direct bandgap, and holds the promise to be compatible with silicon technology. Hexagonal Si and Ge have been grown on an epitaxial lattice matched template consisting of wurtzite GaP and GaAs, respectively. Here, we present the growth of hexagonal Si and SiGe nanowire branches grown from a wurtzite stem by the vapor−liquid−solid growth mode, which is substantiated by in situ transmission electron microscopy. We show that the composition can be tuned through the whole range of stoichiometry from Si to Ge, and the possibility to realize Si and SiGe heterostructures in these branches.
Classical and quantum orbital correlations in molecular electronic states
Authors: Pusuluk Onur , Yeşiller Mahir H , Torun Gökhan , Müstecaplıoğlu Özgür E , Yurtsever Ersin , Vedral Vlatko 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The quantum superposition principle has been extensively utilized in the quantum mechanical description of bonding phenomenon. It explains the emergence of delocalized molecular orbitals and provides a recipe for the construction of near-exact electronic wavefunctions. On the other hand, its existence in composite systems may give rise to nonclassical correlations that are regarded as a resource in quantum technologies. Here, we approach the electronic ground states of three prototypical molecules in the light of the framework set by fermionic information theory. By introducing the notion of orbital discord, we additively decompose the pairwise orbital correlations into their classical and quantum parts in the presence of superselection rules. We observe that quantum orbital correlations can be stronger than classical orbital correlations though not often. Moreover, quantum orbital correlations can survive even in the absence of orbital entanglement depending on the symmetries of the constituent orbitals. Finally, we demonstrate that orbital entanglement would be underestimated if the orbital density matrices were treated as qubit states.
Thermal self-oscillations in monolayer graphene coupled to a superconducting microwave cavity
Authors: Haque M T , Will M , Zyuzin A , Golubev D , Hakonen P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear phenomena in superconducting resonator circuits are of great significance in the field of quantum technology. We observe thermal self-oscillations in a monolayer graphene flake coupled to molybdenum–rhenium superconducting resonator. The graphene flake forms a SINIS junction coupled to the resonator with strong temperature dependent resistance. In certain conditions of pump power and frequency, this nonlinearity leads to thermal self-oscillations appearing as sidebands in cavity transmission measurements with strong temperature dependence and gate tunability. The experimental observations fit well with theoretical model based on thermal instability. The modelling of the oscillation sidebands provides a method to evaluate electron phonon coupling in disordered graphene sample at low energies.
Thermal effects on neurons during stimulation of the brain
Authors: Kim TaeKen , Kadji Herve , Whalen Andrew J , Ashourvan Arian , Freeman Eugene , Fried Shelley I , Tadigadapa Srinivas , Schiff Steven J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
All electric and magnetic stimulation of the brain deposits thermal energy in the brain. This occurs through either Joule heating of the conductors carrying current through electrodes and magnetic coils, or through dissipation of energy in the conductive brain. Objective. Although electrical interaction with brain tissue is inseparable from thermal effects when electrodes are used, magnetic induction enables us to separate Joule heating from induction effects by contrasting AC and DC driving of magnetic coils using the same energy deposition within the conductors. Since mammalian cortical neurons have no known sensitivity to static magnetic fields, and if there is no evidence of effect on spike timing to oscillating magnetic fields, we can presume that the induced electrical currents within the brain are below the molecular shot noise where any interaction with tissue is purely thermal. Approach. In this study, we examined a range of frequencies produced from micromagnetic coils operating below the molecular shot noise threshold for electrical interaction with single neurons. Main results. We found that small temperature increases and decreases of 1 ∘C caused consistent transient suppression and excitation of neurons during temperature change. Numerical modeling of the biophysics demonstrated that the Na-K pump, and to a lesser extent the Nernst potential, could account for these transient effects. Such effects are dependent upon compartmental ion fluxes and the rate of temperature change. Significance. A new bifurcation is described in the model dynamics that accounts for the transient suppression and excitation; in addition, we note the remarkable similarity of this bifurcation’s rate dependency with other thermal rate-dependent tipping points in planetary warming dynamics. These experimental and theoretical findings demonstrate that stimulation of the brain must take into account small thermal effects that are ubiquitously present in electrical and magnetic stimulation. More sophisticated models of electrical current interaction with neurons combined with thermal effects will lead to more accurate modulation of neuronal activity.
Overview of CNM LGAD results: boron Si-on-Si and epitaxial wafers
Authors: Grieco C. , Castillo García L. , Doblas Moreno A. , Gkougkousis E.L. , Grinstein S. , Hidalgo S. , Moffat N. , Pellegrini G. , Villegas Dominguez J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are n-on-p silicon sensors with an extra p-layer below the collection electrode which provides signal amplification. When the primary electrons reach the amplification region new electron-hole pairs are created that enhance the generated signal. The moderate gain of these sensors, together with the relatively thin active region, provide precise time information for minimum ionizing particles. To mitigate the effect of pile-up at the HL-LHC the ATLAS and CMS experiments have chosen the LGAD technology for the High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) and for the End-Cap Timing Layer (ETL), respectively. A full characterization of recent productions of LGAD sensors fabricated at CNM has been carried out before and after neutron irradiation up to 2.5 × 1015 neq/cm2. Boron-doped sensors produced in epitaxial and Si-on-Si wafers have been studied. The results include their electrically characterization (IV and bias voltage stability) and performance studies (charge and time resolution) for single pad devices with a Sr-90 radioactive source set-up. The behaviour of the Inter-Pad region for irradiated 2 × 2 LGAD arrays, using the Transient Current Technique (TCT), is shown. The results indicate that the Si-on-Si devices with higher resistivity perform better than the epitaxial ones.
Investigation of mixed irradiation effects in p-MCz thin silicon microstrip detector for the HL-LHC experiments
Authors: Patyal S. , Saini N. , Kaur B. , Chatterjee P. , Srivastava A.K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A lot of R&D work is carried out in the CERN RD 50 collaboration to find out the best material for the Si detectors that can be used in the harsh radiation environment of HL-LHC, n and p-MCz Si was identified as one of the prime candidates as a material for strip detector that can be chosen for the phase 2 upgrade plan of the new Compact Muon Solenoid Tracker detector in 2026. In this work, four level deep-trap mixed irradiation model for p-MCz Si is proposed by the comparison of experimental data on the full depletion voltage and leakage current to the Shockley Read Hall recombination statistics results on the mixed irradiated p-MCz Si PAD detector. The effective introduction rate (η
eff) of shallower donor deep trap E30K is extracted using SRH theory calculations for experimental N
eff and that can show the behavior of space charges and electric field distribution in the p-MCz Si strip detector and compared its value with the η
eff of shallower donor deep trap E30K in the nMCz Si microstrip detector. Prediction uncertainty in the p-MCz Si radiation damage mixed irradiation model is considered in the full depletion voltage and leakage current. A very good agreement is observed in the experimental and SRH results. This radiation damage model is also used to extrapolate the value of the full depletion voltage at different mixed (proton + neutron) higher irradiation fluences for the thin p-MCz Si microstrip detector.
Detector optimization to reduce the cosmogenic neutron backgrounds in the TAO experiment
Authors: Li Ruhui , Cao Guofu , Cao Jun , Li Yichen , Wang Yifang , Wang Zhimin , Zhan Liang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Short-baseline reactor antineutrino experiments with shallow overburden usually have large cosmogenic neutron backgrounds. The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is a ton-level liquid scintillator detector located at about 30 m from a core of the Taishan Nuclear Power Plant. It will measure the reactor antineutrino spectrum with high precision and high energy resolution to provide a reference spectrum for JUNO and other reactor antineutrino experiments, and provide a benchmark measurement to test nuclear databases. Background is one of the critical concerns of TAO since the overburden is just 10 meter-water-equivalent. The cosmogenic neutron background was estimated to be ∼10% of signals [1]. With detailed Monte Carlo simulations, we propose several measures in this work to reduce the neutron backgrounds, including doping Gadolinium in the buffer liquid, adding a polyethylene layer above the bottom lead shield, and optimization of the veto strategy. With these improvements, the neutron background-to-signal ratio can be reduced to ∼2%, and might be further suppressed with pulse shape discrimination.
Mapping rainfall interception for assessing ecological restoration sustainability in China
Authors: Li Yiran , Niu Yong , Wei Tianxing , Liang Yushi , Chen Peng , Ji Xiaodong , Zhang Chuanjie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ecological restoration (ER) programs play an important role in local and global climate change and carbon management policy interventions. Water resource is a key criterion for assessing the sustainability of ERs. Herein, we explored the spatiotemporal patterns of rainfall interception (RI, an important component of ecosystem water budgets), and its drivers after ER implementation in China. Further, we assessed whether ERs are sustainable by analyzing the trends of RI and water supply. As expected, we found that ERs caused an increase in RI in China from 2001 to 2018 (0.64 mm yr−1, p < 0.01). Changes in the normalized difference vegetation index and leaf area index contributed to a higher change in RI compared with other drivers. The decrease in RI was mainly recorded in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in Southwest, northern North, and southern Central and Southern China. Conversely, an increasing trend of RI was recorded in the Loess Plateau in Northwest, Northeast, and East China. Moreover, ERs are not always unsustainable in China, especially in Northeast, East, Central and Southern, and high-latitude regions of northern North China. Even in the Loess Plateau, which was criticized by previous studies, the unsustainability occurred only in the semi-humid region. Future ERs should be prioritized in southern parts of Eastern, Central, and Southern China, and must be appropriately considered in the Northeast and high-latitude regions in North China. It should be alert to the pressures of ERs on water supply, and its demand remains vigilant in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and semihumid areas of the Loess Plateau. This study provides new ideas for accurately evaluating the impact of ERs on water security and the sustainability of ERs.
Green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles using roots extract of Ziziphus Oxyphylla Edgew its characterization and antibacterial activity
Authors: Saeed Syed Yawar , Mazhar Kanwal , Raees Laiba , Mukhtiar Asma , Khan Farooq , Khan Muhammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this modern era, antibiotic resistance is a significant issue that poses a threat to public health. Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science because nanoparticles could be the best alternative to antibiotics. Most nanoparticles are prepared by the green synthesis method because of their less toxicity, low cost, and non-hazardous nature. In this study, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4-NPs) were synthesized from roots extract ofZiziphus Oxyphylla Edgewby using cobalt chloride hexahydrate. After the successful synthesis of nanoparticles, various methods were used to analyze these nanoparticles, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, and energy dispersive analysis of x-ray. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal the spherical and irregular structure of Co3O4-NPs shaving a particle size between 40 to 60 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of cobalt oxide nanoparticles with face-centered cubic structure and a size of 15–20 nm. The antibacterial activity of Co3O4-NPs was analyzed for different dilutions against two different bacteria: gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition against gram-negativeE. coliwas calculated as 23.1 mm and 14.8 mm againstS. aureusat a dilution of 16 mg ml−1of cobalt oxide nanoparticle. This revealed the wide spectrum of antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanoparticle. It is suggested that root extract of cobalt oxide nanoparticles could be of great importance in pharmaceutical and medical science for their antimicrobial activity.