bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of ultraviolet C exposure conditions on coliphage MS2 inactivation on surfaces
Authors: Ratliff K. , Oudejans L. , Calfee W. , Abdel-Hady A. , Monge M. , Aslett D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised interest in using devices that generate ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation as an alternative approach for reducing or eliminating microorganisms on surfaces. Studies investigating the efficacy of UVC radiation against pathogens use a wide range of laboratory methods and experimental conditions that can make cross-comparison of results and extrapolation of findings to real-world settings difficult. Here, we use three different UVC-generating sources – a broad-spectrum pulsed xenon light, a continuous light-emitting diode (LED), and a low-pressure mercury vapour lamp – to evaluate the impact of different experimental conditions on UVC efficacy against the coliphage MS2 on surfaces. We find that a nonlinear dose–response relationship exists for all three light sources, meaning that linear extrapolation of doses resulting in a 1-log10 (90%) reduction does not accurately predict the dose required for higher (e.g. 3-log10 or 99.9%) log10 reductions. In addition, our results show that the inoculum characteristics and underlying substrate play an important role in determining UVC efficacy. Variations in microscopic surface topography may shield MS2 from UVC radiation to different degrees, which impacts UVC device efficacy. These findings are important to consider in comparing results from different UVC studies and in estimating device performance in field conditions.
Identification of ancestral sex chromosomes in the frog Glandirana rugosa bearing XX‐XY and ZZ‐ZW sex‐determining systems
Authors: Miura Ikuo , Shams Foyez , Jeffries Daniel Lee , Katsura Yukako , Mawaribuchi Shuuji , Perrin Nicolas , Ito Michihiko , Ogata Mitsuaki , Ezaz Tariq 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSex chromosomes constantly exist in a dynamic state of evolution: rapid turnover and change of heterogametic sex during homomorphic state, and often stepping out to a heteromorphic state followed by chromosomal decaying. However, the forces driving these different trajectories of sex chromosome evolution are still unclear. The Japanese frog Glandirana rugosa is one taxon well suited to the study on these driving forces. The species has two different heteromorphic sex chromosome systems, XX‐XY and ZZ‐ZW, which are separated in different geographic populations. Both XX‐XY and ZZ‐ZW sex chromosomes are represented by chromosome 7 (2n = 26). Phylogenetically, these two systems arose via hybridization between two ancestral lineages of West Japan and East Japan populations, of which sex chromosomes are homomorphic in both sexes and to date have not yet been identified. Identification of the sex chromosomes will give us important insight into the mechanisms of sex chromosome evolution in this species. Here, we used a high‐throughput genomic approach to identify the homomorphic XX‐XY sex chromosomes in both ancestral populations. Sex‐linked DNA markers of West Japan were aligned to chromosome 1, whereas those of East Japan were aligned to chromosome 3. These results reveal that at least two turnovers across three different sex chromosomes 1, 3 and 7 occurred during evolution of this species. This finding raises the possibility that cohabitation of the two different sex chromosomes from ancestral lineages induced turnover to another new one in their hybrids, involving transition of heterogametic sex and evolution from homomorphy to heteromorphy.
Estimating Nonlinear Business Cycle Mechanisms with Linear Vector Autoregressions: A Monte Carlo Study*
Authors: Kohler Karsten , Calvert Jump Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe paper investigates how well linear vector autoregressions (VARs) identify endogenous cycle mechanisms and cycle frequencies when the underlying process is a nonlinear limit cycle. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations with five nonlinear models in which cycles are driven by the interaction of two state variables. We find that while linear VARs quantitatively underestimate the strength of the interaction mechanism, they successfully identify the qualitative presence of a cycle mechanism in most cases (55%–100%). Our results further suggest that linear VARs are surprisingly successful at estimating cycle frequencies of nonlinear processes.
Dimension Reduction for High‐Dimensional Vector Autoregressive Models*
Authors: Cubadda Gianluca , Hecq Alain 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article aims to decompose a large dimensional vector autoregressive (VAR) model into two components, the first one being generated by a small‐scale VAR and the second one being a white noise. Hence, a reduced number of common components generates the entire dynamics of the large system through a VAR structure. This modelling, which we label as the dimension‐reducible VAR, extends the common feature approach to high‐dimensional systems, and it differs from the dynamic factor model in which the idiosyncratic component can also embed a dynamic pattern. We show the conditions under which this decomposition exists. We provide statistical tools to detect its presence in the data and to estimate the parameters of the underlying small‐scale VAR model. Based on our methodology, we propose a novel approach to identify the shock that is responsible for most of the common variability at the business cycle frequencies. We evaluate the practical value of the proposed methods by simulations as well as by an empirical application to a large set of US economic variables.
Prevalence and associated factors of secondary hyperparathyroidism after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Zhiguang , Liang Yuzhi , Zheng Chao , Wang Zhongchang , Wu Zhenpeng , Li Min , Huang Shifang , Yang Jingge 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL for relevant studies using search terms gastric bypass, RYGB and hyperparathyroidism. Thirty‐four cohort studies with 4331 patients were incorporated into the final meta‐analysis. Overall estimates of the prevalence of SHPT following RYGB were 39%. Subgroup analyses indicated the pooled prevalences of SHPT were 25%, 42%, 48%, and 54% for ≤1 year, >1 and ≤5 years, >5 and ≤10 years, and >10 years, respectively, after RYGB. Meta‐regression showed that SHPT occurred was positively related to follow‐up durations (p = 0.001). Additionally, SHPT prevalence was higher in studies in which calcium and vitamin D supplementation were considered inadequate than in those which were adequate (p = 0.002). SHPT is highly prevalent in individuals with obesity after RYGB. It seems to progress with time after surgery. Routine calcium and vitamin D supplementation post‐RYGB together with targeted treatment of vitamin D deficiency, reasonable adjustment of the doses of supplementation with regular follow‐up, and improved patient compliance, as well as long‐term screening, are necessary to prevent the development of SHPT.
Harold Pinter'sOld Timesand the play of indistinction
Authors: Kallenbach Ulla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the fluid frontiers of imagination, memory and the real in Harold Pinter’sOld Times. While the latter notions of memory and the real in Pinter’s works have been extensively explored, the concept of imagination has not. In this article I argue that the concept of imagination as it has been interpreted since the mid‐1900s—which exactly tries to grasp or even dissolve these fluid frontiers—offers a way of rethinking both Pinter’s discussion of dramatic truth, the notion of ‘the real’ as it appears to his characters, and how memory is presented in his plays. An attentiveness to the concept of imagination as an analytical approach, will also allow us new ways for understanding how the text implies a potential engagement with his audience.
Cataract surgery is not associated with post‐operative binocular vision anomalies in age‐related cataract patients
Authors: Tan Qing‐Qing , Lewis James S. , Lan Chang‐Jun , Liao Xuan , Tang Xiao‐Li , Wang Jingyun , Aljohani Saeed , Scheiman Mitchell M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare the binocular vision status of patients pre‐ and post‐cataract surgery, and to investigate the risk factors for patients who develop binocular vision anomalies post‐surgery.MethodsA prospective study of patients (≥50 years) who elected to undergo bilateral cataract surgery was implemented. A comprehensive binocular vision test battery including stereopsis, ocular alignment, fusional vergence, vergence facility, near point of convergence and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) was administered before the first surgery and at the third visit after surgery on the second eye. A detailed diagnostic classification protocol was applied to identify the presence of binocular vision anomalies pre‐ and post‐surgery.ResultsSeventy‐three participants were included at baseline, 24 (33%) of whom were diagnosed with non‐strabismic binocular vision anomalies (NSBVA), mainly convergence insufficiency (18/73, 25%). Fifty‐one participants completed the post‐operative evaluation, 17 (33%) of whom had NSBVA pre‐surgery and 13 (26%) post‐surgery (p = 0.48). There were a number of conversions from NSBVA to normal binocular vision and vice versa. Logistic regression showed that the adjusted odds ratio of pre‐existing NSBVA diagnosis for predicting the risk of post‐operative NSBVA was 6.37 (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in most binocular vision measures post‐surgery, except for a significant improvement in the CISS score (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.83).ConclusionsBinocular vision anomalies, especially convergence insufficiency, are prevalent in the age‐related cataract population. Cataract surgery does not appear to be a significant risk factor for the development of new binocular vision anomalies. A pre‐existing binocular vision anomaly is the main risk factor for predicting a post‐operative binocular vision anomaly in this population.
Analgesia for retinopathy of prematurity screening: A systematic review
Authors: Thirunavukarasu Arun J. , Hassan Refaat , Savant Shalom V. , Hamilton Duncan L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPremature neonates require regular ophthalmological examination, generally indirect ophthalmoscopy, to screen for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Conventional analgesia is provided with topical anesthetic eyedrops and oral sugar solution, but neonates still experience significant pain. Here, the literature base was examined to evaluate the usefulness of other pharmacological analgesics.Materials and MethodsA systematic review was undertaken, adhering to a PROSPERO preregistered protocol in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (identifier CRD42022302459). Electronic databases were searched for primary research articles on pharmacological pain interventions used for ROP screening in neonates. The primary outcome measure was pain scores recorded using validated pain scoring tools, with and without pharmacological interventions in neonates during eye examination. For analysis, studies were separated into two categories: topical anesthesia and alternative pharmacological treatments.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Topical analgesia, oral paracetamol, and intranasal fentanyl were found to be effective in reducing the pain of eye examination. Oral morphine and inhaled nitrous oxide had no significant effect on premature infant pain profile (PIPP) scores during indirect ophthalmoscopy.DiscussionIn addition to topical anesthesia, premedication with oral paracetamol is recommended during screening examination for ROP. The routine use of fentanyl is not recommended due to the risk of potential side effects. Non‐pharmacological measures, such as sweet oral solutions and comfort techniques should also be employed. Further research is required to determine whether the use of nitrous oxide has a role, and to develop a safe and effective analgesic strategy to fully ameliorate the pain of ROP screening.
CRISPR RNA‐guided integrase enables high‐efficiency targeted genome engineering in Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Aliu Ephraim , Lee Keunsub , Wang Kan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryAgrobacterium tumefaciens, the causal agent of plant crown gall disease, has been widely used to genetically transform many plant species. The inter‐kingdom gene transfer capability made Agrobacterium an essential tool and model system to study the mechanism of exporting and integrating a segment of bacterial DNA into the plant genome. However, many biological processes such as Agrobacterium‐host recognition and interaction are still elusive. To accelerate the understanding of this important plant pathogen and further improve its capacity in plant genetic engineering, we adopted a CRISPR RNA‐guided integrase system for Agrobacterium genome engineering. In this work, we demonstrate that INsertion of Transposable Elements by Guide RNA–Assisted TargEting (INTEGRATE) can efficiently generate DNA insertions to enable targeted gene knockouts. In addition, in conjunction with Cre‐loxP recombination system, we achieved precise deletions of large DNA fragments. This work provides new genetic engineering strategies for Agrobacterium species and their gene functional analyses.
Bending the arc of nonprofit leadership toward justice: Impacts of racial representation and organizational publicness on diversifying executive leadership
Authors: LeRoux Kelly , Medina Alejandra 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonprofits are critical partners in the delivery of government‐funded human services in the US, but there is evidence of a persistent racial leadership gap in the sector, whereby Black and Latino Executive Directors are dramatically under‐represented. Why does this gap persist despite increased attention to this issue in recent years? And what organizational and community‐level factors do shape the likelihood that nonprofits will hire a Black or Latino Executive Director (ED)? We answer these questions through a mixed‐methods sequential design, drawing on survey data from 606 nonprofit organizations across the US, along with interview data from 12 nonprofit executives representing expert informants in the Chicago metro area. Consistent with theories of representation and publicness, we find demographic representation at the board level positively linked to the hiring of a Black or Latino ED, but government funding has inconsistent effects. We further elaborate on these findings through our qualitative data.
Credit Line Exposure at Default Modelling Using Bayesian Mixed Effect Quantile Regression
Authors: Betz Jennifer , Nagl Maximilian , Rösch Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor banks, credit lines play an important role exposing both liquidity and credit risk. In the advanced internal ratings-based approach, banks are obliged to use their own estimates of exposure at default using credit conversion factors. For volatile segments, additional downturn estimates are required. Using the world's largest database of defaulted credit lines from the US and Europe and macroeconomic variables, we apply a Bayesian mixed effect quantile regression and find strongly varying covariate effects over the whole conditional distribution of credit conversion factors and especially between United States and Europe. If macroeconomic variables do not provide adequate downturn estimates, the model is enhanced by random effects. Results from European credit lines suggest that high conversion factors are driven by random effects rather than observable covariates. We further show that the impact of the economic surrounding highly depends on the level of utilization one year prior default, suggesting that credit lines with high drawdown potential are most affected by economic downturns and hence bear the highest risk in crisis periods.
Assessing changes in facial skin quality using noninvasive in vivo clinical skin imaging techniques after use of a topical retinoid product in subjects with moderate‐to‐severe photodamage
Authors: Goberdhan Lisa T. , Pellacani Giovanni , Ardigo Marco , Schneider Katie , Makino Elizabeth T. , Mehta Rahul C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies utilizing reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) to assess cosmetic skin changes are limited.MethodsA 12‐week, open‐label study was conducted using RCM and D‐OCT to evaluate the effects of a topical cosmetic retinol (RET05) on subjects with facial photodamage. Study endpoints included investigator grading, standardized (VISIA‐CR) and 3D photography (Antera 3D), independent RCM (VivaScope1500) and D‐OCT (VivoSight) image analysis, validated FACE‐Q scales, and subject questionnaires.ResultsTwenty‐three subjects, 45‐ to 68‐year old, with Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV completed the study. After 12 weeks of repeated application, RET05 demonstrated significant corresponding cosmetic improvements for overall photodamage, skin tone unevenness, tactile roughness, fine lines/wrinkles (forehead, periocular, and perioral), and coarse lines/wrinkles (forehead, periocular, and cheeks), and Allergan Skin Roughness Scale. FACE‐Q assessments also demonstrated significant improvements from baseline at week 12. RCM analysis showed decreases in all epidermis, less compact stratum corneum (SC), more non‐compact SC, decreases in coarse/huddled dermal fibers, and increases in fibrillar dermal fibers, as compared to baseline. D‐OCT analysis showed significant decreases in epidermal thickness (ET), reduction of moderate/many collagen fragments and collagen bundles, and significant increases in the stroma attenuation coefficient and collagen density. Moreover, the dermal–epidermal junction was more pronounced, and vascular abundance at 300 and 500 μm depth increased. Independent evaluation of RCM and D‐OCT images showed similar decreases in ET and improvements in dermal fibers.ConclusionThis study was the first to utilize RCM and D‐OCT to evaluate the cosmetic effects of a topical retinoid and further substantiate improvements in skin quality.
Extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing and carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infection after solid organ transplantation: Recent trends in epidemiology and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Pérez‐Nadales Elena , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez Belén , Pascual Álvaro , Rodríguez‐Baño Jesús , Martínez‐Martínez Luis , Aguado José María , Torre‐Cisneros Julian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfections caused by multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative bacilli (MDR GNB), in particular extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing (ESBL‐E) and carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), pose a major threat in solid organ transplantation (SOT). Outcome prediction and therapy are challenging due to the scarcity of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) or well‐designed observational studies focused on this population.MethodsNarrative review with a focus on the contributions provided by the ongoing multinational INCREMENT‐SOT consortium (ClinicalTrials identifier NCT02852902) in the fields of epidemiology and clinical management.ResultsThe Spanish Society of Transplantation (SET), the Group for Study of Infection in Transplantation of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (GESITRA‐SEIMC), and the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) recently published their recommendations for the management of MDR GNB infections in SOT recipients. We revisit the SET/GESITRA‐SEIMC/REIPI document taking into consideration new evidence that emerged on the molecular epidemiology, prognostic stratification, and treatment of post‐transplant ESBL‐E and CRE infections. Results derived from the INCREMENT‐SOT consortium may support the therapeutic approach to post‐transplant bloodstream infection (BSI). The initiatives devoted to sparing the use of carbapenems in low‐risk ESBL‐E BSI or to repurposing existing non‐β‐lactam antibiotics for CRE in both non‐transplant and transplant patients are reviewed, as well as the eventual positioning in the specific SOT setting of recently approved antibiotics.ConclusionDue to the clinical complexity and relative rarity of ESBL‐E and CRE infections in SOT recipients, multinational cooperative efforts such as the INCREMENT‐SOT Project should be encouraged. In addition, RCTs focused on post‐transplant serious infection remain urgently needed.
A review of investigated risk factors for developing equine recurrent uveitis
Authors: Kingsley Nicole B. , Sandmeyer Lynne , Bellone Rebecca R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEquine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an ocular inflammatory disease that can be difficult to manage clinically. As such, it is the leading cause of bilateral blindness for horses. ERU is suspected to have a complex autoimmune etiology with both environmental and genetic risk factors contributing to onset and disease progression in some or all cases. Work in recent years has aimed at unraveling the primary triggers, such as infectious agents and inherited breed‐specific risk factors, for disease onset, persistence, and progression. This review has aimed at encompassing those factors that have been associated, implicated, or substantiated as contributors to ERU, as well as identifying areas for which additional knowledge is needed to better understand risk for disease onset and progression. A greater understanding of the risk factors for ERU will enable earlier detection and better prognosis through prevention and new therapeutics.
Parkin: a potential target to promote healthy ageing
Authors: Leduc‐Gaudet Jean‐Philippe , Hussain Sabah NA , Gouspillou Gilles 
Published: June 2022

AbstractParkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase mostly known for its role in regulating the removal of defective mitochondria via mitophagy. However, increasing experimental evidence that Parkin regulates several other aspects of mitochondrial biology in addition to its role in mitophagy has emerged over the past two decades. Indeed, Parkin has been shown to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and mitochondria‐derived vesicle formation, suggesting that Parkin plays key roles in maintaining healthy mitochondria. While Parkin is commonly described as a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase, it was also detected in other cellular compartments, including the nucleus, where it regulates transcription factors and acts as a transcription factor itself. New evidence also suggests that Parkin overexpression can be leveraged to delay ageing. In Drosophila, for example, Parkin overexpression extends lifespan. In mammals, Parkin overexpression delays hallmarks of ageing in several tissues and cell types. Parkin overexpression also confers protection in various models of cellular senescence and neurological disorders closely associated with ageing, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Recently, Parkin overexpression has also been shown to suppress tumour growth. In this review, we discuss newly emerging biological roles of Parkin as a modulator of cellular homeostasis, survival and healthy ageing, and we explore potential mechanisms through which Parkin exerts its beneficial effects on cellular health.
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