bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validated thin‐layer chromatography method for simultaneous determination of sulfacetamide sodium and hydrocortisone acetate in the ophthalmic formulation
Authors: Patel Satish , Baria Dharmendra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance thin‐layer chromatography has the utmost separation efficiency. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography methods can be used to separate, detect, and estimate the different phytochemicals and drug components along with additives. A simple, accurate, precise, and robust high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of sulfacetamide sodium and hydrocortisone acetate in eye drops. The separation was carried out on pre‐coated silica gel aluminum plate 60 F254 as a stationary phase using ethyl acetate: toluene: methanol: triethylamine (6:2:2:0.1) as a mobile phase. The densitometric measurement of separated components was performed at 254 nm. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, reproducibility, robustness, the limit of detection, and the limit of quantification as per International Council for Harmonization (Q2[R1]) guidelines. The regression coefficients (r2) for sulfacetamide sodium and hydrocortisone acetate were found to be 0.9998 and 0.9994, respectively. The values for percentage recoveries of sulfacetamide sodium and hydrocortisone acetate were found to be 100.2%–100.9% and 101.1%–101.2%, respectively. The developed thin‐layer chromatography method can be used for the analysis of sulfacetamide sodium and hydrocortisone acetate in eye drops.
Advances in quantifying microbial contamination in potable water: Potential of fluorescence‐based sensor technology
Authors: Gunter Hannah , Bradley Chris , Hannah David M. , Manaseki‐Holland Semira , Stevens Rob , Khamis Kieran 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImproved monitoring of potable water is essential if we are to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG6: to make clean water and sanitation available to all. Typically monitoring of potable water requires laboratory analysis to detect indicators of fecal pollution, such as thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs), Escherichia coli (E. coli), or intestinal enterococci. However, these analyses are time‐consuming and expensive, and recent advances in field deployable sensing technology offer opportunities to investigate both the spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial pollution in a more resolved and cost‐effective manner, thus advancing process‐based understanding and practical application for human health. Fluorescence offers a realistic proxy for monitoring coliforms in freshwaters with potential for quantification of potable water contamination in near real‐time with no need for costly reagents. Here, we focus on E. coli to provide a state‐of‐the‐art review of potential technologies capable of delivering an effective real‐time E. coli sensor system. We synthesize recent research on the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to quantify microbial contamination and discuss a variety of approaches (and constraints) to relate the raw fluorescence signal to E. coli enumerations. Together, these offer an invaluable platform to monitor drinking water quality which is required in situations where the water treatment and distribution infrastructure is degraded, for example in less economically developed countries; and during disaster‐relief operations. Overall, our review suggests that the fluorescence of dissolved organic matter is the most viable current method—given recent advances in field‐deployable technology—and we highlight the potential for recent developments to enhance approaches to water quality monitoring.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Engineering Water > Methods
Human Water > Methods
Social tipping points everywhere?—Patterns and risks of overuse
Authors: Milkoreit Manjana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe last few years have witnessed an explosion of interest in the concept of social tipping points (STPs), understood as nonlinear processes of transformative change in social systems. A growing body of interdisciplinary scholarship has been focusing in particular on social tipping related to climate change. In contrast with tipping point studies in the natural sciences–for example climate tipping points and ecological regime shifts–STPs are often conceptualized as desirable, offering potential solutions to pressing problems. Drawing on a well‐established definition for tipping points, and a qualitative review of articles that explicitly treat social tipping points as potential solutions to climate change, this article identifies four deleterious patterns in the application of the STP concept in this recent wave of research on nonlinear social change: (i) premature labeling, (ii) not defining system boundaries and scales of analysis, (iii) not providing evidence for all characteristics of tipping processes, and (iv) not making use of existing social theories of change. Jointly, these patterns create a trend of overusing the concept. Recognizing and avoiding these patterns of “seeing the world through tipping point glasses” is important for the quality of scientific knowledge generated in this young field of inquiry and for future science‐policy interactions related to climate change. Future research should seek to identify empirical evidence for STPs while remaining open to the possibility that many social change processes are not instances of tipping, or that certain systems might not be prone to nonlinear change.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses
The Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Sociology/Anthropology of Climate Knowledge
Wildlife whodunnit: forensic identification of predators to inform wildlife management and conservation
Authors: Ganz Taylor R. , DeVivo Melia T. , Reese Ellen M. , Prugh Laura R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGenetic evidence at predation sites is rapidly improving predator‐prey interaction studies and can provide information beyond field‐based investigations. However, factors contributing to the retention of genetic evidence have received limited investigation in a field setting, and researchers have yet to leverage genetic evidence to improve traditional field investigations. Using data from 61 mortality investigations of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white‐tailed deer (O. virginianus), and elk (Cervus canadensis), we evaluated factors influencing predator DNA amplification success and misidentification of predators in field investigations. We found that predator DNA was detected more for prey with higher body mass (18.5% increase per standard deviation [23.1 kg] in carcass body mass above the mean [32.8 kg]). Predator DNA was also 27.0% more likely to amplify when collected from kill sites that had not undergone a freeze‐thaw cycle between the mortality and the investigation. The delay between the kill and the investigation, the swabbing surface, and the amount of precipitation did not influence amplification of predator DNA. Misidentifications of the predator based on the field ID were not influenced by the investigation delay or investigator confidence level, suggesting that investigators should collect genetic evidence even when they feel certain about the predator. Errors in identifying the predator during the field investigation increased for prey with smaller body mass, and the predator was actually more likely to be misidentified than correctly identified for fawns and calves < ~21 kg. Black bears (Ursus americanus), bobcats (Lynx rufus), cougars (Puma concolor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and wolves (C. lupus) were equally likely to be missed in a field investigation, but bobcats tended to be falsely assigned more than expected and cougars were falsely assigned as the predator less than expected. Using genetic evidence as validation, we showed how patterns of predation and the field signs left by predators differed for some species depending on the size of the prey. Our findings should help researchers and managers to optimize their use of genetics to enhance field investigations.
Optimization of a shell and helically finned tube heat exchanger with stepped annular fins
Authors: Rostami Adel Karimbakhshi , Ganji Davood Domiri 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe authors investigated four different fin geometries to select the best fin geometry in their previous work. They found out that the Nusselt number of the shell side is 80.79% higher for the stepped fin geometry compared to the simple annular fin at best. In this study, for the first time the heat transfer in a shell and helically coiled finned tube heat exchanger with stepped annular fins is investigated. The coiled tube and the stepped ring fins that are welded to the outside surface of the tube are all made of copper. After examining network independence, 27 cases were designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Correlations have been proposed to predict and by considering all geometric and operating parameters. These correlations have very high accuracy and can be used in a specific range of parameters. The effect of each of the parameters on and are also specified. and are the parameters that have the most impact on the Nusselt number on the same side, but at the same time have almost no effect on the Nusselt number on the other side. and have the highest participation rate in determining and with 82.62% and 71.13%, respectively. The results are presented based on dimensionless parameters. The optimization process is performed for each of the responses, and the values ​​of the corresponding parameters are also shown. , which is the most critical response in this study, has improved 19.59% in the optimized case, even compared to the best of the 27 cases studied. To have the best overall heat performance of the heat exchanger, the optimization process has been performed.
Hybrid kT -factorization and impact factors at NLO
Authors: van Hameren Andreas , Motyka Leszek , Ziarko Grzegorz 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the hybrid kT -factorization formula, one initial-state parton momentum is space-like and carries non-vanishing transverse components, while the other is on-shell. We promote this factorization formula to next-to-leading order. Studying the partonic cross section, we identify all soft and collinear divergencies in the real and virtual contribution, and recognize that all non-cancelling ones can be attributed to PDF evolution, evolution kernel, and target impact factors. In result, we construct a framework that may be used to compute NLO impact factors in general. In particular, we recover known expressions for inclusive NLO quark-and gluon impact factor corrections.
Commiphora myrrh: a phytochemical and pharmacological update
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Wasef Lamiaa , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Shaheen Hazem M. , Zakariya Ali Muhammad , Akinfe Opeyemi Abigail , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Garbee Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMedicinal plants have a long track record of use in history, and one of them is Commiphora myrrh which is commonly found in the southern part of Arabia, the northeastern part of Africa, in Somalia, and Kenya. Relevant literatures were accessed via Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to give updated information on the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological action of Commiphora myrrh. It has been used traditionally for treating wounds, mouth ulcers, aches, fractures, stomach disorders, microbial infections, and inflammatory diseases. It is used as an antiseptic, astringent, anthelmintic, carminative, emmenagogue, and as an expectorant. Phytochemical studies have shown that it contains terpenoids (monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and volatile/essential oil), diterpenoids, triterpenoids, and steroids. Its essential oil has applications in cosmetics, aromatherapy, and perfumery. Research has shown that it exerts various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, analgesic, anti-parasitic, and recently, it was found to work against respiratory infections like COVID-19. With the advancement in drug development, hopefully, its rich phytochemical components can be explored for drug development as an insecticide due to its great anti-parasitic activity. Also, its interactions with drugs can be fully elucidated.This review highlights an updated information on the history, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemical components, pharmacology, and various biological activities of Commiphora myrrh.
Graphical abstract
Graphical summary of the phytochemical and pharmacological update of Commiphora myrrh
Effects of omecamtiv mecarbil and mavacamten in isolated human atrium
Authors: Abella Lina Maria Rayo , Höhm Christian , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich , Neumann Joachim 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Heart failure is a syndrome that can result from impaired heart muscle contractions like in dilative cardiomyopathy but also from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCOM). A pharmacological therapy might lie in Ca2+-sensitizing or Ca2+-desensitizing drugs, respectively. Such drugs are thought to be omecamtiv mecarbil (OME) and mavacamten (MYK-461), respectively. Their function in contracting human muscle is not fully understood and was the focus of the present study. OME from 1 nM to 10 µM cumulatively applied failed to raise force of contraction in human right atrial preparations strips (HAP) or mouse left atrial preparations (LA). However, OME prolonged time to peak tension and time of relaxation in HAP and LA but did not alter the beating rate in right atrial preparations from mice (RA). In contrast, MYK-461 (10 nM to 10 µM) reduced concentration- and time-dependently force of contraction in HAP and LA. MYK-461 (10 µM) did not affect the beating rate in RA. In summary, the present data failed to detect an increase in force of contraction for OME, in human and mouse atrium. In contrast, a Ca2+ desensitizer studied for comparison was able to reduce force of contraction in HAP and LA. We conclude that putative beneficial effects of OME in dilated cardiomyopathy cannot be explained by positive inotropic effects in the HAP, whereas beneficial functional effects of MYK-461 in HOCOM can be explained by negative inotropic effects in HAP.
Box-Counting Dimension in One-Dimensional Random Geometry of Multiplicative Cascades
Authors: Falconer Kenneth J. , Troscheit Sascha 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate the box-counting dimension of the image of a set $$E \subset \mathbb {R}$$

E
⊂
R

under a random multiplicative cascade function f. The corresponding result for Hausdorff dimension was established by Benjamini and Schramm in the context of random geometry, and for sufficiently regular sets, the same formula holds for the box-counting dimension. However, we show that this is far from true in general, and we compute explicitly a formula of a very different nature that gives the almost sure box-counting dimension of the random image f(E) when the set E comprises a convergent sequence. In particular, the box-counting dimension of f(E) depends more subtly on E than just on its dimensions. We also obtain lower and upper bounds for the box-counting dimension of the random images for general sets E.
Evaluation of functional and metabolic tumor volume using voxel-wise analysis in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Maennlin Simon , Chaika Maryanna , Gassenmaier Sebastian , Grimm Robert , Sparber-Sauer Monika , Fuchs Jörg , Schmidt Andreas , Ebinger Martin , Hettmer Simone , Gatidids Sergios , Dittmann Helmut , Schäfer Jürgen F. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Cross-sectional imaging-based morphological characteristics of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma have failed to predict outcomes.

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility and possible value of generating tumor sub-volumes using voxel-wise analysis of metabolic and functional data from positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) or PET/computed tomography (CT) and MRI in rhabdomyosarcoma.

Materials and methods
Thirty-four examinations in 17 patients who received PET/MRI or PET/CT plus MRI were analyzed. The volume of interest included total tumor volume before and after therapy. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and standard uptake values (SUV) were determined voxel-wise. Voxels were assigned to three different groups based on ADC and SUV: “viable tumor tissue,” “intermediate tissue” or “possible necrosis.” In a second approach, data were grouped into three clusters using the Gaussian mixture model. The ratio of these clusters to total tumor volume and changes due to chemotherapy were correlated with clinical and histopathological data.

Results
After chemotherapy, the proportion of voxels in the different groups changed significantly. A significant reduction of the proportion of voxels assigned to cluster 1 was found, from a mean of 36.4% to 2.5% (P < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the proportion of voxels in cluster 3 following chemotherapy from 24.8% to 81.6% (P = 0.02). The proportion of voxels in cluster 2 differed depending on the presence or absence of tumor recurrence, falling from 48% to 10% post-chemotherapy in the group with no tumor recurrence (P < 0.05) and from 29% to 23% (P > 0.05) in the group with tumor recurrence.

Conclusion
Voxel-wise evaluation of multimodal data in rhabdomyosarcoma is feasible. Our initial results suggest that the different distribution of sub-volumes before and after therapy may have prognostic significance.
Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Index of Ecological Footprint
Authors: Khezri Mohsen , Mamghaderi Mahnaz , Razzaghi Somayeh , Heshmati Almas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to contribute to the growing body of research literature on assessing environmental efficiency by introducing a new key performance indicator (KPIs) in more complete and dependable aspects of ecological footprint indices. For this purpose, the DEA model considering three inputs (energy consumption, labor force, and capital stock), one desirable output (GDP), and different undesirable outputs (CO2 emissions, ecological footprint indicators) are applied to 27 OECD countries from 2000 to 2017. According to the results, Norway, Luxemburg, and United Kingdom are the most environmentally efficient countries in terms of environmental efficiency and ecological footprint efficiency. On the other hand, the lowest environmental and ecological footprint efficiencies were in countries like Lithuania, Slovak, Czech, Estonia, and the USA. In addition, these nations fare poorly regarding their carbon footprint and farmland efficiency. In further detail, Lithuania, South Korea, Portugal, and Spain have a critical status in fishing ground efficiency, while the forest area efficiency is very acute in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Czech.
Improving Surgical Excellence: Can Coaching Surgeons Improve Patient Engagement?
Authors: Ting Ying Yang , Reid Jessica L. , Treloar Ellie , Lee Wei Shan Bobby , Tee Jeeng Yeeng , Cong Wen Jing Phoebe , Peng Dangyi , Edwards Suzanne , Ey Jesse , Edwardes Nicholas , Granchi Nelson , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionNon‐technical skills complement technical skills in surgeons to provide best possible care for patients. The former is essential to promote patient engagement. Coaching has been introduced to surgeons as a method to improve non‐technical skills. We aimed to investigate the impact of coaching for surgeons on patient engagement in the outpatient consultation setting.MethodsThis was a single‐centre cohort study conducted in South Australia. Consultant surgeons, suitable coaches, and patients were recruited. Coaches underwent further training by a human factors psychologist on being an effective coach. Outpatient consultations were recorded in an audio‐visual format and analysed by investigators. Patient talking time, mutual eye gaze between surgeon and patient, and number of questions asked by the patient were measured as outcomes for patient engagement.Results182 patients, 12 surgeons, and 4 coaches participated in the study. Each surgeon underwent 3 coaching sessions, 5 to 6 weeks apart. There were 62 pre‐coaching patient consultations, 63 patient consultations after one coaching session, and 57 patient consultations after two coaching sessions. The mean talking time of the patient increased significantly after a single coaching session (P < 0.05) without making significant difference to the total consultation time (p = 0.76). Coaching sessions did not have a significant effect on mutual eye gaze or mean number of questions asked by the patient.ConclusionCoaching of non‐technical skills for surgeons appears to objectively improve patient engagement during the outpatient consultation. This would suggest that tailored coaching programs should be developed and delivered to surgeons to improve care delivery.
Mechanisms for point defect-induced functionality in complex perovskite oxides
Authors: Ricca Chiara , Aschauer Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPerovskite oxides are an extremely versatile class of materials in which functionality can, besides other routes, also be engineered via the deliberate introduction of defects. In this focused review, we will specifically look at mechanistic details of ferroelectric and magnetic functionality introduced, altered, or reinforced by point defects. An ever-growing number of related studies start to provide a basis for the mechanistic understanding of different engineering routes to be exploited in future studies. Nevertheless, this review highlights that the effect of defects is not always easily predicted, given the delicate balance of lattice, charge, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom inherent to the perovskite structure. Systematic studies across various chemistries are thus still very much needed to obtain a more complete basis for defect-engineering ferroelectric and magnetic functionality in perovskite oxides.
Fast colored video encryption using block scrambling and multi-key generation
Authors: Hosny Khalid M. , Zaki Mohamed A. , Lashin Nabil A. , Hamza Hanaa M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMultimedia information usage is increasing with new technologies such as the Internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data processing. Video is one of the most widely used types of multimedia. Videos are played and transmitted over different networks in many IoT applications. Consequently, securing videos during transmission over various networks is necessary to prevent unauthorized access to the video's content. The existing securing schemes have limitations in terms of high resource consumption and high processing time, which are not liable to IoT devices with limited resources in terms of processor size, memory, time, and power consumption. This paper proposed a new encryption scheme for securing the colored videos. The video frames are extracted, and then, the frame components (red, green, and blue) are separated and padded by zero. Then, every frame component (channel) is split into blocks of different sizes. Then, the scrambled blocks of a component are obtained by applying a zigzag scan, rotating the blocks, and randomly changing the blocks' arrangements. Finally, a secret key produced from a chaotic logistic map is used to encrypt the scrambled frame component. Security analysis and time complexity are used to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed scheme in encrypting the colored videos. The results reveal that the proposed scheme has high-level security and encryption efficiency. Finally, a comparison between the proposed scheme and existing schemes is performed. The results confirmed that the proposed scheme has additional encryption efficiency.