bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating fantasy into gamification promotes student learning and quality of online interaction
Authors: Bai Shurui , Hew Khe Foon , Gonda Donn Emmanuel , Huang Biyun , Liang Xinyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe used the design-based research approach to test and refine a theoretically grounded goal-access-feedback-challenge-collaboration gamification model. The testbed was a 10-week, university-level e-learning design course offered in two consecutive semesters. In Study 1, we implemented the initial goal-access-feedback-challenge-collaboration model in semester one of the 2020–2021 academic year (N = 26). The aim was to enhance student behavioral engagement in online discussion forums, affective engagement in the class, and learning performance. The results of Study 1 showed that although most participants were engaged in this gamified learning experience during the first two sessions, they gradually lost interest and their participation in online discussions dropped over the next eight weeks. Thus, we introduced a new element, fantasy, into the original model. In Study 2, we tested the effectiveness of the goal-access-feedback-challenge-collaboration-fantasy model on students’ learning outcomes in semester two of 2020–2021 (N = 23). The results of Study 2 suggested that, compared to the original model, the goal-access-feedback-challenge-collaboration-fantasy model can better promote students’ engagement in online discussion, as measured by increased interaction with peers, learning experience, and learning performance.
Microenvironment characteristics and early regeneration after the 2018 Spring Creek Wildfire and post-fire logging in Colorado, USA
Authors: Wooten Jesse T. , Stevens-Rumann Camille S. , Schapira Zoe H. , Rocca Monique E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Wildfires are increasing in size and severity in forests of the western USA, driven by climate change and land management practices during the 20th century. Altered fire regimes have resulted in a greater need for knowledge on best practices for managing burned landscapes, especially in instances where a return to a previous forested ecosystem is desired. We examined a large wildfire from 2018 in southern Colorado to understand how fire severity and post-fire logging influenced stand structure, fuels, vegetation, and soil microsite conditions.

Results
Two years post-fire and 1 year post logging, there was no difference in understory vegetation response. Logged plots demonstrated lower daily average temperature and minimum soil moisture and higher fuel loading across most fuel size classes relative to unlogged plots, which also corresponded with a loss of dead standing wood and little to no canopy cover. Early post-fire conifer regeneration was low across all plots, but lower soil moisture and higher soil temperature negatively impacted the density of regeneration.

Conclusions
Successful tree regeneration is mediated by multiple factors from the microsite to landscape scale. Here, we demonstrate the importance of those microsite conditions such as soil moisture and temperature in predicting conifer tree establishment in the early post-fire period. Careful consideration of soil impacts and the associated changes to forest conditions should be taken when conducting post-fire logging to prevent detrimental effects on microsite conditions and forest recovery.
Sanitizer-associated systemic side effects in the era of COVID-19: a pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Osama Hasnaa , Abdelrahman Mona A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The practice of proper hand sanitization became of utmost importance and one of the best protective measures during the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19. However, misuse of disinfectants can be an overwhelming issue because of increasing demands, public panic, and unawareness, which can negatively affect human health and the environment. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether the outbreak was associated with increased reports of adverse events related to hand sanitizers through the data of adverse events reported to the pharmacovigilance database of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). FAERS database was analyzed for hand sanitizer reports including alcohol-based and alcohol-free formulations.

Results
Adverse events reports associated with hand sanitizers increased significantly by 2020 with variable severity degrees, noting that most serious cases were reported with alcohol-based sanitizers.

Conclusion
Based on data mining of the FAERS database, we claim that the increased reports associated with alcohol hand sanitizer use deserve attention. However, FAER’s database has some limitations, such as case duplication and lack of a control group. Hence, further monitoring with more robust sources of data sources is critically needed.
Authorship Distribution and Under-Representation of Sub-Saharan African Authors in Global Oncology Publications
Authors: Tuyishime Hubert , Hornstein Paula , Lasebikan Nwamaka , Rubagumya Fidel , Mutebi Miriam , Fadelu Temidayo 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE Local researchers must be engaged in research conducted in their populations. However, local authors from low- and middle-income countries are often under-represented in global health journals. This report aims to assess and describe the representation of authors in the Journal of Clinical Oncology Global Oncology ( JCO GO). METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study describes data from JCO GO articles published between October 2015 and March 2020. Data were collected on studied countries, authorship position, classified as first, middle, or last, and country of authors' institutional affiliations. Countries were then categorized on the basis of their World Bank region and income classifications. We describe aggregate authorship distribution and distribution by region and income classification. Additionally, we explore the relationships between author's country and studied country. RESULTS Of the 608 articles identified, 420 (69.1%) studied a single country population. Although articles represented studies from all World Bank regions, the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region accounted for the highest number (n = 145; 34.5%). In all other regions except SSA, most of the first (66.7%-100%) and last authors (56.6%-95.2%) had primary institutional affiliations based in the same region as the studied country. However, among articles about SSA countries, SSA first authors (n = 65; 44.8%) and last authors (n = 59; 40.7%) were under-represented. In fact, there were more North American first (n = 74; 51.0%) and last authors (n = 72; 49.6%) than SSA authors. There was higher SSA representation among middle authors (n = 97; 68.8%) in studies from the region. A similar trend was also noted with the under-representation of authors from low-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSION SSA authors are under-represented in global oncology articles. Concerted strategies are needed to build local capacity, promote meaningful engagement, and foster equity.
North American Beef Breeding and the Modernization of the International Cattle Breeding Industries, 1950–2000
Authors: Derry Margaret E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article deals with transformations in beef cattle breeding practices in North America from 1950 to 2000, and the implication of these changes across the Western world. It was a period of profound adjustment for beef cattle breeders, involving battles over genetic defects, the importation of new breeds, changing standards in relation to husbandry, and the extension of quantitative genetic breeding practices. These innovations would be echoed across Europe in the production of beef cattle and would also interact with the way dairy cattle were bred. This article explains the upheaval in beef breeding between 1950 and 2000, as well as how that upheaval affected dairy cattle breeding. Changes in beef breeding, in effect, modified the functioning of the entire cattle breeding world.
Is Nothing Sacred?
Authors: Anderson Misty G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIf the twenty-first-century university is to repent of its racist past and present in order to become something other than an instrument of late capitalism, it will need conceptual space and language that break from the neoliberal and Enlightenment frameworks many faculty have internalized. The apocalyptic crises that came to a head in the United States in the summer of 2020 and built to January 2021 can help us make that break. Writing from the “red state” of Tennessee, which was “purple” in living memory, on a patch of university earth that is the ancestral home of the Cherokee, Yuchi, and Muscogee Creek Nations, the author claims the university as sacred space in order to name what is both radical and sustainable about the university. This frame organizes the university around the concepts of place, truth, and love to reorient the public understanding of higher education away from a process of fitting students for the existing economy and toward the work of mutual survival in a democratic society.
Growth drivers of monumental wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis) out of its natural range in Kyiv, Ukraine
Authors: Prokopuk Yulia , Leshcheniuk Olena , Sukhomlyn Maryna , Matiashuk Raisa , Budzhak Vasyl , Netsvetov Maksym 
Published: June 2022

Wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis) is a rare, endangered, relict species, that is protected by law in many European countries. Outside the species distribution range, the trees are usually planted in botanical gardens, parks, arboretums, and at the roadside. Such old introduced trees are an important source of knowledge about species’ acclimation process and current growth-limiting factors in the new environment. In Kyiv, the oldest live S. torminalis trees have been planted in botanical gardens and arboretums after the 1950s. In addition, some trees of this species are preserved in front of the historical building Liberman’s mansion, but the year of their planting remains unknown. Regarding dendroclimatological investigations of this species are scarce and have been provided only in Central European forests, a detailed analysis of the species growth-to-climate relationships should be performed not only the species’ natural range but also in its secondary ranges. In this article, we studied three S. torminalis trees in a historical place in Kyiv to determine their age and evaluate environmental conditions driving the growth of this rare species out of its natural range in Kyiv. To reach our goal we used the dendrochronological approaches, i.e. tree-ring dating, partial correlation analysis using stationary and moving time windows. Our results showed that S. torminalis trees were planted after the last building owner S. Liberman’s death (1917). The studied trees are the oldest of known alive S. torminalis trees in Kyiv. Dendroclimatological results revealed S. torminalis is sensitive to higher air temperature and moisture excess in the period of wood formation in Kyiv. S. torminalis trees at 2 Bankova Street are the oldest species examples in Kyiv and have important historical, cultural, and scientific values. S. torminalis species could be widely used in urban forestry, particularly in regions with projected soil moisture shortening.
The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Maulani Adibah , Farmasyanti Cendrawasih Andusyana , Sutantyo Darmawan 
Published: June 2022

Background: When moved orthodontically, hypofunctional teeth will have a decreased tooth movement rate compared to normal teeth. Hypofunctional teeth would have less VEGF expression and decreased heparan sulfate proteoglycan production during orthodontic tooth movement. This study aimed to determine the number of osteoblasts in the tension side and the number of osteoclasts in the pressure side of the hypofunctional teeth during orthodontic tooth movement. Method: 18 male Wistar rats were given a palatal coil spring application on the maxillary incisors. Rats were divided into two groups, the orthodontic group with normal occlusion (NO) and hypofunctional occlusion (HO). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side and osteoclasts on the pressure side on days zero (D0), five (D5), and 10 (D10) were tested with two-way ANOVA. Observations were made by hematoxylin eosin staining. Result: The results showed that the number of osteoblasts on the tension side of the HO group was the same at the NO group (p> 0.05). The number of osteoblasts on the tension side in the NO and HO groups at D5 was the same at D10 (p = 0.99), but significantly higher (p = 0.002), than D0. The number of osteoclasts on the pressure side in the HO group was significantly lower than the NO group (p <0.05). The number of osteoclasts in the NO D5 group was significantly higher than the other groups (p <0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteoblasts on the tension side was not affected by the hypofunctional state but decreased the number of osteoclasts on the pressure side during orthodontic tooth movement.
Abnormal spinopelvic mobility as a risk factor for acetabular placement error in total hip arthroplasty using optical computer-assisted surgical navigation system
Authors: Jang Seong J. , Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , Windsor Eric W. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Mayman David J. , Sculco Peter K. 
Published: June 2022

Aims Navigation devices are designed to improve a surgeon’s accuracy in positioning the acetabular and femoral components in total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to both evaluate the accuracy of an optical computer-assisted surgery (CAS) navigation system and determine whether preoperative spinopelvic mobility (categorized as hypermobile, normal, or stiff) increased the risk of acetabular component placement error. Methods A total of 356 patients undergoing primary THA were prospectively enrolled from November 2016 to March 2018. Clinically relevant error using the CAS system was defined as a difference of > 5° between CAS and 3D radiological reconstruction measurements for acetabular component inclination and anteversion. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether hypermobile ([Formula: see text]sacral slope(SS)stand-sit > 30°), or stiff ([Formula: see text]SSstand-sit < 10°) spinopelvic mobility contributed to increased error rates. Results The paired absolute difference between CAS and postoperative imaging measurements was 2.3° (standard deviation (SD) 2.6°) for inclination and 3.1° (SD 4.2°) for anteversion. Using a target zone of 40° (± 10°) (inclination) and 20° (± 10°) (anteversion), postoperative standing radiographs measured 96% of acetabular components within the target zone for both inclination and anteversion. Multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for BMI and sex revealed that hypermobile spinopelvic mobility significantly increased error rates for anteversion (odds ratio (OR) 2.48, p = 0.009) and inclination (OR 2.44, p = 0.016), whereas stiff spinopelvic mobility increased error rates for anteversion (OR 1.97, p = 0.028). There were no dislocations at a minimum three-year follow-up. Conclusion Despite high reliability in acetabular positioning for inclination in a large patient cohort using an optical CAS system, hypermobile and stiff spinopelvic mobility significantly increased the risk of clinically relevant errors. In patients with abnormal spinopelvic mobility, CAS systems should be adjusted for use to avoid acetabular component misalignment and subsequent risk for long-term dislocation. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(6):475–484.
Design of a compact silicon photonic directional coupler introducing a hetero-cladding approach
Authors: Mishra Madhusudan , Das Nikhil Ranjan 
Published: June 2022

The present work proposes a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach of hetero-cladding for silicon photonic waveguides and outlines its contribution towards realization of a compact directional coupler. The proposed hetero-cladding, comprising ferroelectric

B
a
T
i
O

3

and

S
i
O

2

, helps control the distribution of modes and evanescent modes in the structure. The results, using a straight waveguide configuration of the coupler, show very small and nearly identical coupling lengths for both TE and TM modes (7.18 µm for TE, 7.12 µm for TM) with reduced device cross section (

∼

3.1

µ

m

). Considering the bending arms at the ports in an optical design of the coupler, the coupling length is seen to be further reduced (5.2 µm). This promises a huge reduction in the footprint of both conventional and programmable photonic integrated circuits. This concept could also be utilized to design compact, low loss, and energy-efficient waveguides based other optical devices.
Atomic-motion-induced spectroscopic effects that are nonlinear in atomic density in a gas
Authors: Yudin V. I. , Taichenachev A. V. , Basalaev M. Yu. , Prudnikov O. N. , Bagayev S. N. 
Published: June 2022

The interatomic dipole–dipole interaction is commonly thought to be the main physical reason for spectroscopic effects, which are nonlinear in atomic density. However, we have found that the free motion of atoms can lead to other effects that are nonlinear in atomic density

n

, using a previously unknown self-consistent solution of the Maxwell–Bloch equations in the mean-field approximation for a gas of two-level atoms with an optical transition at unperturbed frequency

ω
0

. These effects distort the Doppler lineshape (shift, asymmetry, broadening), but are not associated with an atom–atom interaction. In particular, in the case of

n

k
0

−
3

<
1

(where

k
0

=

ω
0

/

c

) and significant Doppler broadening (with respect to collisional broadening), atomic-motion-induced nonlinear effects significantly exceed the well-known influence of the dipole–dipole interatomic interaction (e.g., Lorentz–Lorenz shift) by more than one order of magnitude. Moreover, under some conditions, a frequency interval appears in which a non-trivial self-consistent solution of the Maxwell–Bloch equations is absent due to atomic motion effects. Thus, the existing physical picture of spectroscopic effects that are nonlinear in atomic density in a gas medium should be substantially revised.
Brilliant circularly polarized γ-ray sources via single-shot laser plasma interaction
Authors: Wang Yu , Ababekri Mamutjan , Wan Feng , Zhao Qian , Lv Chong , Ren Xue-Guang , Xu Zhong-Feng , Zhao Yong-Tao , Li Jian-Xing 
Published: June 2022

Circularly polarized (CP) γ-ray sources are versatile for broad applications in nuclear physics, high-energy physics, and astrophysics. The laser-plasma based particle accelerators provide accessibility for much higher flux γ-ray sources than conventional approaches, in which, however, the circular polarization properties of the emitted γ-photons are usually neglected. In this Letter, we show that brilliant CP γ-ray beams can be generated via the combination of laser plasma wakefield acceleration and plasma mirror techniques. In a weakly nonlinear Compton scattering scheme with moderate laser intensities, the helicity of the driving laser can be transferred to the emitted γ-photons, and their average polarization degree can reach ∼61% (20%) with a peak brilliance of

≳

10

21

photons/(s · mm2 · mrad2 · 0.1% BW) around 1 MeV (100 MeV). Moreover, our proposed method is easily feasible and robust with respect to the laser and plasma parameters.
Repetition rate locked single-soliton microcomb generation via rapid frequency sweep and sideband thermal compensation
Authors: Miao Runlin , Zhang Chenxi , Zheng Xin , Cheng Xiang’ai , Yin Ke , Jiang Tian 
Published: June 2022

Dissipative Kerr solitons (DKSs) with mode-locked pulse trains in high-

Q

optical microresonators possess low-noise and broadband parallelized comb lines, having already found plentiful cutting-edge applications. However, thermal bistability and thermal noise caused by the high microresonator power and large temperature exchange between microresonator and the environment would prevent soliton microcomb formation and deteriorate the phase and frequency noise. Here, a novel method that combines rapid frequency sweep with optical sideband thermal compensation is presented, providing a simple and reliable way to get into the single-soliton state. Meanwhile, it is shown that the phase and frequency noises of the generated soliton are greatly reduced. Moreover, by closing the locking loop, an in-loop repetition rate fractional instability of

5.5
×

10

−
15

at 1 s integration time and a triangular linear repetition rate sweep with 2.5 MHz could be realized. This demonstration provides a means for the generation, locking, and tuning of a soliton microcomb, paving the way for the application of single-soliton microcombs in low-phase-noise microwave generation and laser ranging.
Risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhao Qian , Chen Baochang , Sun Jingfei , Huang Jiayu , Meng Jinfeng , Li Shangbin , Yan Weichen , Ren Changjun , Hao Ling 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To investigate the risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP), and to provide a reference for the prevention of MBDP.

Methods
The databases including China Biomedical Literature Service System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Weipu Periodical Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and other databases were searched for studies on the risk factors for MBDP published up to June 18, 2021. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.1 software were used to perform a Meta analysis.

Results
A total of 15 articles were included, including 13 case-control studies, 1 current investigation, and 1 retrospective cohort study. There were 1,435 cases in the case group and 2,057 cases in the control group, with a total sample size of 3,492 cases. Meta analysis showed that risk factors for MBDP include birth weight <1000g (OR = 6.62, 95%CI: 2.28–19.25), gestational age <32 weeks (OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.07–6.95), septicemia (OR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.69–3.79), parenteral nutrition time (OR = 4.04, 95%CI: 1.72–9.49), cholestasis (OR = 3.50, 95%CI: 1.49–8.23), intrauterine growth retardation (OR = 6.89, 95%CI: 3.81–12.44), while the birth weight(OR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.21–0.90) and gestational age (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.44–0.73)are the protective factors of MBDP.

Conclusion
Factors like birth weight <1000g, gestational age <32 weeks, septicemia, parenteral nutrition time, cholestasis, and intrauterine growth retardation may increase the risk of metabolic bone disease of prematurity.