bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-perspective comparison of ESA Academy’s Training and Learning Programme experiences before and throughout COVID-19 pandemic through the eyes of 6 students
Authors: Amador Pla Fernando , Sermanoukian Molina Iván , González Romero Andrea , López-Contreras González Elena , Escorsa Parera Maria Magdalena , Lafuente Arjona Óscar 
Published: July 2022

The forced transition from fully in-person learning to online methodologies incurred by the proliferation of the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major blow to most organisations worldwide. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 in ESA educational activities from students' perspective, in order to stimulate the future creation of both online and on-site courses. The participation of the authors in the ESA Academy training sessions covers the period from February 2019 to September 2021, thus experiencing not only both on-site and online courses,
but also pre- and mid-pandemic learning experiences and course adaptations due to the impact of COVID-19.
The wide range of space education experiences gathered by the authors enables a multi-perspective comparison of a variety of topics involving the ESA Academy training sessions such as networking possibilities, course dynamics and content, motivation induced by the course environment, impact on the future career and professional development of the participants, as well as compared to the academic experience of the students at their home universities. The analysis and comparison of the authors' experiences allow to establish correlations between the learning method (in-person or online) and the specific experience outcomes of attending an ESA Academy training session. Finally, some recommendations are provided to further mitigate the COVID-19 impact on space educational activities.
Lotus: Testing origami-inspired structures in microgravity
Authors: Gallois Augustin , Mallabadi Karthik , López Clément , Marceau Eliott , Silva Sérgio , Lizy-Destrez Stéphanie 
Published: July 2022

Many space technologies are enabled by deployable mechanisms or structures to function: solar panels, radiators, and even crewed stations and rovers subsystems need to be stowed and deployed to fit in a launcher fairing and avoid unwanted vibrations during launch. Among those structures, the deployment of large membranes and panels can be designed with the help of an unexpected technique: origami folding. The idea has been spreading in every field of engineering in the past few years; compact, rigid-folded structures that can change shape in one simple motion fascinate micro-robotics as well as aerospace engineers. Origami-inspired structures can be engineered to answer many needs. The available launch volume can be optimized, creases can improve the rigidity of a structure while keeping it lightweight, thickness can be accounted for, and complex surfaces can be approximated by flat-foldable mechanisms. Several major space actors, such as the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), have already implemented such techniques successfully or plan to do so in the near future. Following these breakthroughs, student project “Lotus” was submitted to the Parabole 2022 contest, an opportunity to test student projects in microgravity during a parabolic flight campaign organized by the French Space Agency and its subsidiary Novespace. The 5-members international student team will characterize and analyse the deployment and folding of innovative origami structure models for current and future space applications, especially volumes for deployable habitats, fuel tanks, or other resource containers such as asteroids and regolith; three stereo cameras will capture the geometry at different set speeds. To maximize the scientific return, several shapes and geometric parameters will be tested: three distinct structures are proposed to be tested, mostly limited by the volume available for the
experiment. The models tested will be as similar as possible to their full-size counterparts, being made of space-grade polyimide, and their dynamics will be assessed in near-0g conditions to have a deployment environment that is as accurate as possible. These results will be compared with on-ground experiments with a similar experimental setup.
Design and development of the re-entry sensor system for the CubeSat mission SOURCE
Authors: Kuhm Hendrik , Fischer Hendrik , Blümler Lars , Seeberg Emily , Kirchner Vincent , Galla Daniel , Klinkner Sabine 
Published: July 2022

With the number of man-made objects being launched into orbit steadily increasing, space debris is one of the big challenges for future space flight. In order to better assess the danger to humans on Earth’s surface, re-entry should be researched in more detail. SOURCE serves as a 3U+ satellite platform designed and developed by the small satellite student society (KSat e.V.) and the Institute of Space Systems (IRS) at the University of Stuttgart. It was selected by ESA in 2020 to be part of the ‘Fly your Satellite’ program, has successfully completed the CDR
and is currently preparing for the MRR. SOURCE’s objectives are education, verification of several cost-saving, not yet space-proven technologies for orbital use, capturing images of meteoroids entering Earth's atmosphere and documenting its own demise during re-entry by
analysing atomic oxygen, heat flux- and pressure data. In order to receive data for as long as possible during re-entry, the satellite switches from S-band to Iridium (inter-satellite link) communication at an altitude below 200 km.
For the in-situ measurement during the re-entry, SOURCE is equipped with two Flux-Phi-Probe (FIPEX) sensors for the measurement of atomic oxygen and five additional sensor arrays. Each array contains one pressure sensor and two heat flux sensors, one commercial and one
developed by the IRS. The arrays are placed at five positions in-line across the satellite to reduce effects of tumbling during the re-entry and to allow for the measurement of gradients.
For a first estimation of the expected value ranges, simulations were performed with the software PICLas, developed by the IRS and the Institute of Aero-and Gas Dynamics (IAG) at the University of Stuttgart. In an iterative process, the collected data will be used to further improve this simulation software after the re-entry of the SOURCE satellite.
The aim of this paper is to describe the design philosophy and development process of the sensor readout electronics. The tests carried out are presented and the first results are presented.
5 mitos sobre el hábitat popular en tela de juicio: un estudio sobre barrios populares en Argentina
Authors: Lescano Patricia , Piasek Gonzalo , Gandino Rafaela 
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo discute algunas cuestiones vinculadas al mejoramiento de vivienda y hábitat en barrios populares, en el marco del proceso de reurbanización que está enfrentando la Argentina. La misma se pregunta si ciertas creencias comunes en torno a la vivienda popular y los barrios populares como ser la densidad, la cantidad de hogares, el material constructivo, la posibilidad de acceso a crédito, la inversión en mejoramiento, se dan de la forma que creemos “en el sentido común”, a partir del análisis de una encuesta realizada en 8 barrios con miras a problematizar algunas de estas cuestiones. En suma, se trata de un intento por abrir el debate en torno de la reurbanización de barrios populares en Argentina y la región.
This paper discusses some new ideas related to habitat and housing improvement in low-income neighborhoods, within the framework of the re-urbanization process that Argentina is currently facing. It questions whether certain common-sense beliefs in regards to low-income housing and neighborhoods such as density, quantity of homes, construction materials, credit access, possibility to invest in housing improvement– take the actual form that these common beliefs entail, by analyzing the results of a survey held in eight neighborhoods in cities of different provinces in Argentina. This work is, in a few words, an attempt to not close but open the debate on re-urbanization of low-income neighborhoods in Argentina and the region for further discussion.
Undergraduate medical students’ readiness for online learning at a South African university: Implications for decentralised training
Authors: Ingratta A M , Mabizela S E , George A Z , Green-Thompson L 
Published: July 2022

Background. Decentralised teaching has the potential to transform medical education but requires greater use of online learning to address some of the challenges of decentralised teaching in low- and middle-income countries. Given the digital divide that exists in South Africa (SA), it is necessary to establish the extent of student readiness for the broader implementation of online learning.
Objectives. To determine medical students’ device ownership, usage and attitudes towards online learning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Methods. A cross-sectional survey of first-, third- and sixth-year students was conducted in 2017. The questionnaire included open- and closed-ended questions. Quantitative data were analysed using frequency and custom tables and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests. Open-ended responses were analysed using content analysis.
Results. The survey response rate was 48.5% (448/924). No significant differences in device usage and attitudes towards online learning were observed across the 3 years of study. Most respondents (99%) owned internet-capable devices, and >90% wanted some degree of online learning. The perceived barriers included poor internet connectivity on university campuses and the high cost of data in SA.
Conclusion. The majority of respondents owned internet-capable devices and requested more online learning, but the socioeconomic disparities in the country raise concerns about students’ readiness. Wider online learning requires policy decisions to ensure not only access to devices and data but also the implementation of online learning in ways that avoid further disadvantaging already disadvantaged students. Institutional barriers must be addressed before an expanded online learning environment can be considered.
Deconstruyendo la “peer-to-peer sharing economy”: El desafío de la “economía colaborativa” a las cooperativas de plataforma en la era del pos-trabajo del siglo XXI
Authors: Hernández Carrión Jose Rodolfo 
Published: July 2022

La denominada economía colaborativa o economía p2p, concepto multifacético de creciente relevancia, constituye nuestro objeto de estudio como resultante de la traducción del vocablo anglosajón “sharing economy”. El presente artículo se plantea metodológicamente como una revisión crítica y una síntesis de las principales tendencias de la economía del siglo XXI del principio del nuevo fenómeno del neo-capitalismo de plataformas digitales. Desde el marco de la contradicción tradicional de trabajo y capital, se realiza un análisis pormenorizado del concepto de “colaboración” como traducción de “sharing”. Se realiza una revisión cronológica de la literatura, identificando los principales trabajos de investigación y monografías seminales que conforma la base a partir de la que se proyecta la dinámica del nuevo paradigma económico, en un marco de mayor eficiencia consecuente de mayor descentralización y heterogeneidad.Los resultados indican que hay mucha literatura anglosajona no consultada ni traducida para el hispano-hablante; incluso con omisión de conceptos relevantes que resultan cruciales para interpretar los nuevos escenarios a los que se enfrentan las economías. A modo de conclusión, se plantean tres propuestas. Primero la necesidad de crear políticas económicas activas y una planificación consciente respecto de los nuevos retos. Segundo, impulsar acciones públicas, más allá de la simple regulación, especialmente en el ámbito de los datos masivos y creando plataformas digitales públicas. Tercero, la promoción de una nueva generación de cooperativas de plataforma que posibilite alcanzar un nuevo equilibrio en valores dentro del futuro que se adivina en la nueva era del turbo-capitalismo y del pos-trabajo del siglo XXI.
La narrativa ‘padana’ di Gianni Celati: due letture geografiche a confronto
Authors: Giantomasso Camilla 
Published: July 2022

In the Italian literary panorama, Gianni Celati occupies a complex interstitial space between fiction and field investigation. His significant narratives dedicated to the Po landscape has become the symbol of an ethnographic research, in which the author has chosen to play the role of a simple ‘mediator of stories’ to return the ‘hearsay’ of people. This paper intends to offer two different geographical readings relating to these writings, recalling both the humanistic and territorialist approach of geography. The final goal is twofold: on the one hand to understand how the territory was perceived by the author and on the other to identify the territorialization process inherent in the tales themselves.
Childhood Immunization Coverage at a Tertiary Care Centre in South India Pre and Post COVID Lockdown - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Devadas Sahana , Puttaswamy Sujatha , Kaniyala Vivechana , Govindarajan Varun , Kariyappa Mallesh 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Childhood immunisation is the most cost effective method to prevent vaccine preventable diseases and decrease childhood morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 pandemic has affected routine immunisation of children due to various reasons. We aimed to study the attendance to immunisation clinic at our tertiary care hospital prior and during COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Retrospective data of monthly attendance to the immunisation clinic at our tertiary care hospital was collected for a study period of 30months, sub-grouped into - January 2019 to March 2020 (pre-COVID) and April 2020 to June 2021 (during COVID). The clinic caters to children from first day of life till 18 years, as per National Immunisation Schedule (NIS). Trends in attendance across the months were studied. Statistical analysis were employed to test whether there was a significant reduction in immunisation clinic attendance.
Results: Attendance to the immunisation clinic during the 30 month study period was 37418 children. Among these, 29879 children received birth dose vaccines. This cohort was excluded from further analysis as deliveries continued at our maternity centre in both periods of study. Comparing vaccine recipients above the age of 6weeks till 18years across the months, 6222 and 1502 children received immunisation in the pre-COVID and during COVID pandemic respectively. No child received immunisation from April 2020 to July 2020 during national lockdown. Unpaired t-test showed highly significant reduction in attendance to immunisation clinic during the COVID pandemic in comparison to pre-COVID period (p<0.001). The reduction in immunisation attendance had greatest affection among recipients of pentavalent vaccine at our centre.
Conclusion: Immunisation among children is significantly hampered during this COVID-19 pandemic as highlighted by our study findings. Vaccination delay leaves young children vulnerable and there is an acute need to increase awareness and catch-up drives to prevent resurgence of vaccine preventable diseases.
Phenotyping Rice (Oryza sativa. L) Genotypes for Nitrogen use Efficiency
Authors: Karthigaa R. Gowri , Senthil A. , Ravichandran V. , Binodh Asish K. , Kuttimani R. 
Published: July 2022

Aim: Global food security has become a serious issue, nitrogen fertilizer use has increased agricultural productivity globally, but at a significant environmental cost. The present study was aimed to identification of rice genotypes from the existing germplasm or development of rice cultivars that can make the best use of N in low nitrogen soils is essential for the sustainability of agriculture
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three nitrogen levels as main plots and twenty five rice genotypes as subplots.
Place of Study: The screening experiment was conducted in December 2021April 2022 at wetland, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Methodology: Twenty five rice genotypes were cultivated with three nitrogen levels 0% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) (T0), 50% RDN (T1), 100% RDN (T2) as control under field conditions, morphological traits such as plant height, leaf area; the number of tillers, total dry weight and leaf nitrogen were recorded along with leaf nitrogen and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE).Two-way ANOVA and Cluster analysis were used to analyze the data.
Result: The results revealed that among twenty five rice genotypes, G3 recorded the highest photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (25.10) followed by G7 (22.62) under 0% RDN (T0). The lowest PNUE was recorded in G11 (5.99) 100% RDN (T2). Across the genotypes G3 and G7 genotypes exhibited the highest NUE.
Conclusion: Observations relies upon that the rice genotype G3 and G7 exhibit high nitrogen use efficiency and G11 shows low nitrogen use efficiency.
Perception, Patterns and Facts: A Study Based on Hand Hygiene among Pharmacy Clerkship Students during COVID-19 Epidemic in Karachi
Authors: Khan Maqsood Ahmed , Shahnaz Saira , Khan Shazia Alam , Ali Mehwish Murad , Khan Faiza , Ghayas Sana , Kashif Sadia Suri 
Published: July 2022

Aims: The objective of the study is to explore the knowledge and attitude towards hand hygiene practices among 4th year and 5th year clerkship pharmacy students in a private medical university in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: A cross- sectional study was conducted for the period of 2 months (November 2020- December, 2020). A well-structured questionnaire was developed to determine the current habit of students’ hand hygiene. The statistical data assimilation recorded through SPSS version 20 to integrate numerical significance.
Results: Questionnaire was distributed to 193 students out of which, one hundred Eighty (n=180/193) students participated in this study (response rate 93.26%. Although the majority of students had a fair knowledge of hand hygiene practices, a number of them had few misconceptions. The hand sanitizing practices while encountering patient or prior to patient’s contact showed the 88.3% correct answers. In our study the 75% of participants correctly answered that “traditional hand washing (apply enough soap to cover and rub hands and clean in between the fingers using water) can help stop picking up infections and spreading them to others.” The current study showed that 82.2 percent Healthcare providers are educating patients and their families about hand hygiene and its importance, the 23.3% negative response was collected in context to inspected the particular World Health Organization (WHO) and center of disease control (CDC)rules for hand cleanliness.
Conclusion: The current study showed that students had adequate knowledge regarding the importance of hand hygiene. However, there were few students who had inadequate knowledge related to WHO and CDC rules for hand cleanliness which can improve by providing appropriate education and guidance.
Rome, city of: 3. Augustan
Authors: Holliday Peter J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Since Rome's appearance had not reflected its greatness and glory and the city itself was constantly plagued by floods and fires, Augustus so wholly remade it that he could justly claim that he found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble. He also made it safe for posterity, as far as humanly possible.
Interfacial Engineering of SnS/Ga2O3 Heterojunction by SnO for a High‐Performance Self‐Powered Solar‐Blind UV Photodetector
Authors: Wu Huishan , Zhang Tao , Shen Leyun , Liu Yunze , Wang Fengzhi , Lu Jianguo , Lu Bin , Pan Xinhua , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA novel self‐powered deep ultraviolet (UV) photodetector based on a SnS/Ga2O3 heterojunction modified by an ultrathin SnO layer has been developed by the pulse laser deposition method. Under 254 nm UV light at 170 µW cm−2, the device demonstrates remarkable photoelectric performance with a low dark current of 42 fA, a high photo‐to‐dark current (Iphoto/Idark) ratio of 3.81 × 103, a specific detectivity (D*) of 2.56 × 1011 Jones, and a quick rise/decay time of 31/64 ms without any power supply, thanks to the SnO interfacial layer. The SnS/SnO/Ga2O3 heterojunction photodetector has substantially superior self‐powered properties than the corresponding SnS/Ga2O3 device. This can be explained by the mechanisms of interface energy band engineering and the tunneling effect. The SnO layer broadens the depletion zone and facilitates charge separation. Due to the thinness of the SnO layer, charges can also tunnel through it. These accomplishments set the stage for future optoelectronic applications of Ga2O3 solar‐blind UV photodetectors that are self‐powered.
Direct Determination of the Steady State and Time‐Resolved Quasi‐Fermi Level Separation in Organic Solar Cells from Electroluminescence Measurements
Authors: Faisst Jared , List Mathias , Heinz Friedemann , Würfel Uli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe detection of photoluminescence (PL) is an important characterization method for many photovoltaic technologies providing direct information about the separation of the quasi‐Fermi levels (QFL), ΔEF. However, for organic solar cells, the PL is dominated by excitons, which decay radiatively before they form free charge carriers via dissociation at donor/acceptor interfaces. This (major) part of the PL signal does therefore not correlate with ΔEF. In contrast, electroluminescence (EL) stems from injected electrons and holes, which recombine via charge transfer (CT) states. This work evaluates whether ΔEF can be derived directly from EL emission and whether this also holds true for transient measurements. To do so, ΔEF data derived from steady‐state EL measurements of highly efficient organic solar cells are compared with the electrical voltage, both in the dark and under illumination at equal recombination currents. Furthermore, ΔEF is also, to the best of the authors’ knowledge for the first time, derived from transient EL experiments, and in all cases, an excellent agreement is found. This means that the occupation of CT states is in equilibrium with the free charge carrier densities and can, thus, be described by the same QFL, even in the transient case.
Transition‐Metal‐Free N‐Functionalization of Benzimidazoles and Related Azaheterocycles with α‐Acyloxy Sulfides
Authors: Fang Yingchao , Wang Manman , Hao Wei , Meng Yinggao , Yu Wenquan , Chang Junbiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDirect N‐functionalization of benzimidazoles and related azaheterocycles has been achieved using readily accessible α‐acyloxy sulfides under transition metal‐free conditions. In the presence of the base, potassium carbonate, a variety of N‐functionalized azaheterocyclic compounds bearing an N‐alkyl ester moiety were synthesized from corresponding heterocyclic precursors. The present reaction does not use transition metals, is operationally simple, and has broad substrate scope.magnified image
Direct Synthesis of Dialkylphosphites from White Phosphorus
Authors: Cai Ziman , Zeng Xiangzhe , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Yan , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDialkyl phosphites (DAPIs), traditionally prepared from hazardous and corrosive PCl3, are the fundamental reactive starting materials used in organophosphorus chemistry. Here, a KBr‐mediated synthesis of DAPIs involving P4, alcohols and water is presented. With the use of silica gel as the catalyst, oxone as the safe oxidant, industrially important (EtO)2P(O)H, (i‐PrO)2P(O)H and (MeO)2P(O)H are prepared in 70–90% yields. Furthermore, rare metal extractant bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA) is obtained in 73% yield. The reaction is characterized by a complete conversion of white phosphorus. Moreover, this method can be easily adapted to large‐scale preparation.magnified image