bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience of induction of labour: a cross-sectional postnatal survey of women at UK maternity units
Authors: Harkness Mairi , Yuill Cassandra , Cheyne Helen , McCourt Christine , Black Mairead , Pasupathy Dharmintra , Sanders Julia , Wallace Chloe , Heera-Shergill Neelam , Stock Sarah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInduction of Labour (IOL) is an increasingly common obstetric intervention, offered to 30-50% of pregnant women in the UK. IOL affects experience of childbirth: it is more painful than spontaneous labour and more likely to lead to additional interventions including operative birth. Experience of childbirth is important to women, and negative experience of childbirth has been linked to serious psychological harm. The high and rising rate of IOL has implications for provision of safe, effective, person-centred maternity services, yet there is little information about women’s experiences of induction.AimTo explore women’s views and experiences of key elements of the IOL process, including at home or in hospital cervical ripening (CR)MethodsA questionnaire-based postnatal survey of 309 women who had IOL at UK maternity units in 2021/22, undertaken as part of the CHOICE Study process evaluation The questionnaire was administered online and included fixed response and free text options. Findings are reported as descriptive statistics with content analysis of women’s comments providing context.FindingsInformation to support choice and understand what to expect about IOL is often inadequate or unavailable. Having IOL can create anxiety and remove options for birth that women had hoped would enhance their experience. Although it can provide a more comfortable environment, home CR is not always an acceptable solution. Women described maternity care negatively impacted by staffing shortages; delays to care sometimes led to unsafe situations.Women who had a positive experience of IOL described supportive interaction with staff as a significant contribution to that.ConclusionsWomen do not experience IOL as a benign and consequence free intervention. There is urgent need for research to better target IOL and optimise safety and experience for women and their babies. Relatively few women were offered CR at home and further research is needed on this experience.
Implications of differential size-scaling of cell-cycle regulators on cell size homeostasis
Authors: Ji Xiangrui , Lin Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccurate timing of division and size homeostasis is crucial for cells. A potential mechanism for cells to decide the timing of division is the differential scaling of regulatory protein copy numbers with cell size. However, it remains unclear whether such a mechanism can lead to robust growth and division, and how the scaling behaviors of regulatory proteins influence the cell size distribution. Here we study a mathematical model combining gene expression and cell growth, in which the cell-cycle activators scale superlinearly with cell size while the inhibitors scale sublinearly. The cell divides once the ratio of their concentrations reaches a threshold value. We find that the cell can robustly grow and divide within a finite range of the threshold value with the cell size proportional to the ploidy. In a stochastic version of the model, the cell size at division is uncorrelated with that at birth. Also, the more differential the cell-size scaling of the cell-cycle regulators is, the narrower the cell-size distribution is. Intriguingly, our model with multiple regulators rationalizes the observation that after the deletion of a single regulator, the coefficient of variation of cell size remains roughly the same though the average cell size changes significantly. Our work reveals that the differential scaling of cell-cycle regulators provides a robust mechanism of cell size control.Author summaryHow cells determine the timing of cell division is a fundamental question of cell biology. It has been found that the concentration of cell-cycle activators tends to increase with cell size, while the concentration of inhibitors tends to decrease. Therefore, an attractive hypothesis is that the ratio of activators to inhibitors may trigger cell division. To investigate this hypothesis quantitatively, we study a model including gene expression and cell growth simultaneously. The cell divides once the activator-to-inhibitor ratio reaches a threshold. Combining theories and simulations, we analyze the conditions of robust cell cycle and the cell size distribution. Our model successfully rationalizes several experimental observations, including the relation between cell size and ploidy, the sizer behavior of cell size control, and the change of the mean and breadth of cell size distribution after regulator deletion.
The Effects of Dual-Site Beta tACS over the rIFG and preSMA on Response Inhibition in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Tan Jane , Iyer Kartik K. , Nitsche Michael A. , Puri Rohan , Hinder Mark R. , Fujiyama Hakuei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA growing body of research suggests that changes in both structural and functional connectivity in the aging brain contribute to declines in cognitive functions such as response inhibition. In recent years, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has garnered substantial research interest as a potential tool for the modulation of functional connectivity. Here, we report the findings from a double-blind crossover study that investigated the effects of dual-site beta tACS over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) on functional connectivity measured with electroencephalography and response inhibition (stop-signal task performance) of healthy young (n= 18, aged 18-34 years) and older (n=15, aged 61-79 years) adults. Two tACS conditions were administered in separate sessions: in-phase tACS, where electrical currents delivered to the rIFG and preSMA had a 0° phase difference, and anti-phase tACS, where currents had a 180° phase difference. Stop-signal task performance was assessed before and after tACS. We found significant improvements in response inhibition that were not due to the phase of the tACS applied. There were also no significant changes in rIFG-preSMA phase connectivity in either age group from in- or anti-phase tACS. Furthermore, we did not observe significant differences in rIFG-preSMA phase connectivity between successful and unsuccessful inhibition, which suggests that rIFG-preSMA phase-coupling might not underlie effective response inhibition. The results offer insight into the neurophysiology of response inhibition and contribute to the future development of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at alleviating age-related declines in cognitive function.
Axonal ER tubules regulate local translation via P180/RRBP1-mediated ribosome interactions
Authors: Koppers Max , Özkan Nazmiye , Nguyen Ha H. , Jurriens Daphne , McCaughey Janine , Stucchi Riccardo , Altelaar Maarten , Kapitein Lukas C. , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Farias Ginny G. 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYLocal mRNA translation in axons is critical for the spatial and temporal regulation of the axonal proteome. A wide variety of mRNAs are localized and translated in axons, however how protein synthesis is regulated at specific subcellular sites in axons remains unclear. Here, we establish that the axonal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) supports axonal translation. Axonal ER tubule disruption impairs local translation and ribosome distribution. Using nanoscale resolution imaging, we find that ribosomes make frequent contacts with ER tubules in the axon in a translation-dependent manner and are influenced by specific extrinsic cues. We identify P180/RRBP1 as an axonally distributed ribosome receptor that regulates local translation in an mRNA-dependent manner. Our results establish an important role for the axonal ER in localizing mRNA translation and in dynamically regulating the axonal proteome in response to neuronal stimuli.
ZNF524 directly interacts with telomeric DNA and supports telomere integrity
Authors: Braun Hanna , Xu Ziyan , Chang Fiona , Viceconte Nikenza , Rane Grishma , Levin Michal , Lototska Liudmyla , Roth Franziska , Hillairet Alexia , Fradera-Sola Albert , Khanchandani Vartika , Dreesen Oliver , Yang Yang , Shi Yunyu , Li Fudong , Butter Falk , Kappei Dennis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTelomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. In humans, they consist of TTAGGG repeats, which are bound by dedicated proteins such as the shelterin complex. This complex blocks unwanted DNA damage repair at telomeres, e.g. by suppressing non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) through its subunit TRF2. We here describe ZNF524, a zinc finger protein that directly binds telomeric repeats with nanomolar affinity and reveal the base-specific sequence recognition by co-crystallization with telomeric DNA. ZNF524 localizes to telomeres and specifically maintains the presence of the TRF2/RAP1 subcomplex at telomeres without affecting other shelterin members. Loss of ZNF524 concomitantly results in an increase in DNA damage signaling and recombination events. Overall, ZNF524 is a direct telomere-binding protein involved in the maintenance of telomere integrity.
The evolution of whole-brain turbulent dynamics during recovery from traumatic brain injury
Authors: Martínez-Molina Noelia , Escrichs Anira , Sanz-Perl Yonatan , Sihvonen Aleksi J. , Särkämö Teppo , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt has been previously shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with reductions in metastability in large-scale networks in resting state fMRI. However, little is known about how TBI affects the local level of synchronization and how this evolves during the recovery trajectory. Here, we applied a novel turbulent dynamics framework to investigate the temporal evolution in whole-brain dynamics using an open access resting state fMRI dataset from a cohort of moderate-to-severe TBI patients and healthy controls (HCs). We first examined how several measures related to turbulent dynamics differ between HCs and TBI patients at 3-, 6- and 12-months post-injury. We found a significant reduction in these empirical measures after TBI, with the largest change at 6-months post-injury. Next, we built a Hopf whole-brain model with coupled oscillators and conductedin silicoperturbations to investigate the mechanistic principles underlying the reduced turbulent dynamics found in the empirical data. A simulated attack was used to account for the effect of focal lesions. This revealed a shift to lower coupling parameters in the TBI dataset and, critically, decreased susceptibility and information encoding capability. These findings confirm the potential of the turbulent framework to characterize whole-brain dynamics after TBI and validates the use of whole-brain models to monitor longitudinal changes in the reactivity to external perturbations.HighlightsWhole-brain turbulent dynamics capture longitudinal changes after TBI during one-year recovery periodTBI patients show partial recovery of resting state network dynamics at large spatial scalesWhole-brain computational models indicate less reactivity toin silicoperturbations after TBI
How gut hormones shape reward: a systematic review of the role of ghrelin and GLP-1 in human fMRI
Authors: Schulz Corinna , Vezzani Cecilia , Kroemer Nils B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe gastrointestinal hormones ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have opposite secretion patterns, as well as opposite effects on metabolism and food intake. Beyond their role in energy homeostasis, gastrointestinal hormones have also been suggested to modulate the reward system. However, the potential of ghrelin and GLP-1 to modulate reward responses in humans has not been systematically reviewed before. To evaluate the convergence of published results, we first conduct a multi-level kernel density meta-analysis of studies reporting a positive association of ghrelin (Ncomb= 353, 18 contrasts) and a negative association of GLP-1 (Ncomb= 258, 12 contrasts) and reward responses measured using task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Second, we complement the meta-analysis using a systematic literature review, focusing on distinct reward phases and applications in clinical populations that may account for variability across studies. In line with preclinical research, we find that ghrelin increases reward responses across studies in key nodes of the motivational circuit, such as the nucleus accumbens, pallidum, putamen, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and the dorsal mid insula. In contrast, for GLP-1, we did not find sufficient convergence in support of reduced reward responses. Instead, our systematic review identifies potential differences of GLP-1 on anticipatory versus consummatory reward responses. Based on a systematic synthesis of available findings, we conclude that there is considerable support for the neuromodulatory potential of gut-based circulating peptides on reward responses. To unlock their potential for clinical applications, future studies may move beyond anticipated rewards to cover other reward facets.Graphical Abstract
Mechanisms and neuroanatomy of response selection in tool and non-tool action tasks: Evidence from left-hemisphere stroke
Authors: Garcea Frank E. , Buxbaum Laurel J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe ability to select between potential actions is central to the complex process of tool use. After left hemisphere stroke, individuals with limb apraxia make more hand action errors when gesturing the use of tools with conflicting hand actions for grasping-to-move and use (e.g., screwdriver) relative to tools that are grasped-to-move and used with the same hand action (e.g., hammer). Prior research indicates that this grasp-use interference effect is driven by abnormalities in the competitive action selection process. The goal of this project was to determine whether common mechanisms and neural substrates support the competitive selection of task-appropriate responses in both tool and non-tool domains. If so, the grasp-use interference effect in a tool use gesturing task should be correlated with response interference effects in the classic Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks, and at least partly overlapping neural regions should subserve the 3 tasks. Sixty-four left hemisphere stroke survivors (33 with apraxia) participated in the tool- and non-tool interference tasks and underwent T1 anatomical MRI. There were robust grasp-use interference effects (grasp-use conflict test) and response interference effects (Eriksen flanker and Simon tasks), but these effects were not correlated. Lesion-symptom mapping analyses showed that lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, ventral premotor cortex, and insula were associated with grasp-use interference. Lesions to the left inferior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, insula, caudate, and putamen were associated with response interference in the Eriksen flanker task. Lesions to the left caudate and putamen were also associated with response interference in the Simon task. Our results suggest that the selection of hand posture for tool use is mediated by distinct cognitive mechanisms and partly distinct neuroanatomic substrates from those mapping a stimulus to an appropriate motor response in non-tool domains.
Mapping localization of 21 endogenous proteins in the Golgi apparatus of rodent neurons
Authors: van Bommel Danique M , Toonen Ruud F , Verhage Matthijs 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Golgi apparatus is the major sorting hub in the secretory pathway and particularly important for protein sorting in neurons. Knowledge about protein localization in Golgi compartments is largely based on work in cell lines. Here, we systematically compared protein localization of 21 endogenous proteins in the Golgi apparatus of mouse neurons using confocal microscopy and line scan analysis. We localized these proteins by measuring the distance relative to the canonical TGN marker TGN38. Based on this, proteins fell into three groups: upstream of, overlapping with or downstream of TGN38. Seven proteins showed complete overlap with TGN38, while proteins downstream of TGN38 were located at varying distances from TGN38. Proteins upstream of TGN38 were localized in between TGN38 and thecis-/medial Golgi markers Giantin and GM130. This localization was consistent with protein function. Our data provide an overview of the relative localization of endogenous proteins in the Golgi of primary mouse neurons.
Emission of floral volatiles is facilitated by cell-wall non-specific lipid transfer proteins
Authors: Liao Pan , Maoz Itay , Shih Meng-Ling , Lee Ji Hee , Huang Xing-Qi , Morgan John A. , Dudareva Natalia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be released from the plant cell into the atmosphere, they have to cross the plasma membrane, the cell wall, and the cuticle. However, how these hydrophobic compounds cross the hydrophilic cell wall is largely unknown. Using biochemical and reverse-genetic approaches combined with mathematical modeling, we show that cell-wall localized non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) facilitate VOC emission. Out of three highly expressed nsLTPs in petunia petals, which emit high levels of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds, only PhnsLTP3 contributes to the VOC export across the cell wall to the cuticle. A decrease inPhnsLTP3expression reduces volatile emission and leads to VOC redistribution with less VOCs reaching the cuticle without affecting their total pools. This intracellular build-up of VOCs lowers their biosynthesis by feedback downregulation of phenylalanine precursor supply to prevent self-intoxication. Overall, these results demonstrate that nsLTPs are intrinsic members of the VOC emission network, which facilitate VOC diffusion across the cell wall.
Decoding frontotemporal and cell type-specific vulnerabilities to neuropsychiatric disorders and psychoactive drugs
Authors: Ji Jiatong , Chao Honglu , Chen Huimei , Liao Jun , Ye Yangfan , You Yongping , Liu Ning , Ji Jing , Petretto Enrico 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbnormalities in temporal and frontal lobes (TL and FL) have been linked to cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. While structural and functional differences between the brain lobes have been documented in disease, the cellular heterogeneity in FL and TL and its impact to the vulnerability to genetic risk factors for neuropsychiatric disorders is not well studied. We hypothesize that intrinsic cellular-level differences between TL and FL explain the vulnerability of specific cell types to genetic risk factors and psychoactive drugs. To test this, we integrated single-nucleus transcriptome analysis in fresh human FL and TL with data related to genetic susceptibility and gene dysregulation in neuropsychiatric disease, and response to psychoactive drugs. We also investigate how these differences are associated with gene dysregulation in disease brain. Neuronal cell populations were the most vulnerable to psychiatric genetic risk factors, and more specifically parvalbumin interneurons (PVALB neurons). These PVALB-expressed genetic risk factors were mostly upregulated in the TL compared with FL, and dysregulated in the brain of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. We foundGRIN2AandHCN1, implicated in schizophrenia by genome-wide association studies, to be significantly upregulated in PVLAB from the TL and in brain cortex from schizophrenia patients. Our analysis provides comprehensive evidence for PVALB neurons as the most vulnerable cell type that is implicated in several psychiatric disorders. PVALB neurons showed the highest vulnerability to psychoactive drug response, which was 3.6-fold higher than the vulnerability to genetic risk factors. In summary, we show high vulnerability of PVALB neurons that is specific to the temporal lobe, implying that differences between TL and FL greatly influence the cell vulnerability to genetic risk factors as well as the response to psychoactive drugs. These findings offer insights into how regional brain differences affect the cell type vulnerabilities in neuropsychiatric disorders.
BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccination- induced immunity is affected by age, gender and prior COVID-19 and activates responses to spike and other antigens
Authors: Hasan Zahra , Masood Kiran Iqbal , Qaiser Shama , Khan Erum , Hussain Areeba , Ghous Zara , Khan Unab , Yameen Maliha , Hassan Imran , Nasir Muhammad Imran , Qazi Muhammad Farrukh , Ali Memon Haris , Ali Shiza , Baloch Sadaf , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. , Veldhoen Marc , Simas J. Pedro , Mahmood Syed Faisal , Hussain Rabia , Ghias Kulsoom 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong-term solutions against SARS-CoV-2 infections require understanding of immune protection induced by different vaccine COVID-19 formulations. We investigated humoral and cellular immunity induced by Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) in a region of high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence.Levels of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) were determined 24-weeks. Cellular immunity was investigated using a commercially available IFN-γ release assay to SARS-CoV-2 spike (Ag1 and 2) and extended genome antigens (Ag3).Increasing IgG seropositivity to Spike protein and RBD was observed post-vaccination. Seropositivity was reduced in those over 50 years and raised in females and those with prior COVID-19. After 20 weeks post-vaccination, only one third of participants had positive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Prior COVID-19 impacted IFNγ responses, with reactivity enhanced in those infected earlier. The frequency of IFNγ responses was highest to extended genome antigen set.Overall, BBIBP-CorV- induced antibody responses were impacted by age, gender and prior COVID-19. Cellular immunity was present in a limited number of individuals after 20 weeks but was enhanced by prior infection. This suggests the need for booster vaccinations in older individuals. BBIBP-CorV-induced cellular activation is broader than to spike, requiring further study to understand how to monitor vaccine effectiveness.