bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the mechanical properties of epoxy resin reinforcement by ziziphus spina-christi powder
Authors: Hadi Rusul S. 
Published: September 2022

Ziziphus Spina-Christi bark and other natural debris may be found in abundance in the nearby area. The mechanical qualities of all of these waste natural resources are outstanding, and they may be utilized more professionally to create composite materials for a variety of applications. Epoxy resin modified with organic natural particles such as Ziziphus Spina-Christi bark powder has been used as reinforcements in polymer matrixes instead of non-degradable synthetic reinforcement such as glass, carbon, or aramid. The tensile, impact and flexural characteristics of the Ziziphus Spina-Christi bark particles enhanced epoxy resin are examined in this publication. This paper studies the effects of weight fraction (3, 5, 7 & 9%) on the characterization of composite materials. The results show that the mechanical characterization of epoxy improved when added 7% from the particles of Christi. Where the hardness increased up to 77 (Mpa). Also, the impact strength reached 8.7 (KJ/m2 ) with a 7 wt% filler added, and the tensile strength increased from 18 (MPa) to 45 (MPa). The flexural strength of pure epoxy is 160 (MPa), and it increases linearly with the addition of Ziziphus Spina-Christi bark to 173 (MPa).
PORTRAIT OF DISTANCE LEARNING FOR EARLY CHILDREN AGED 5-6 YEARS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN RA AL-MUAWANAH, CILANDAK BARAT
Authors: Tanenji Tanenji 
Published: September 2022

<p>This study aims to identify and obtain portrait information on the online teaching and learning process at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. Group B or children aged 5-6 years. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive method. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation techniques. The data in this study were obtained from observations of parents, school principals, teachers, and children as primary data and interviews with parents, school principals, teachers and children and documentation collection as secondary data. The steps used by the researcher in analyzing the data are the first pre-field stage, then the implementation of the research and finally concluding the data. The results showed that (1) In the planning and implementation process of online learning for early childhood at RA Al-Muawanah, Cilandak Barat Village, the planning made by the principal and teachers had gone well. However, the reality on the ground is when parents do not carry out optimally and become less effective learning. The online learning process is carried out through zoom and google duo by utilizing groups on whatsapp, (2) In the online learning process parents experience problems or obstacles first, problems related to the internet, second, problems related to parental involvement in the online learning process, third , problems related to the patience of parents in guiding children during online learning, fourth, problems related to the limitations of EDUCATIONAL LEARNING TOOLS, (3) The solution to overcome the problems of online learning is first, the school provides free quota facilities for parents who use personal quotas, second, the school provides understanding to parents to ask their children to study at the nearest teacher's house, third, parents can give rewards or praise for the efforts of their children who have done online learning, fourth, teachers can design EDUCATIONAL LEARNING TOOLS or educational games that are more varied and not monotonous when playing it.</p>
Penerapan Metode Bermain Peran Untuk Meningkatkan Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Ra Al-Mukhlisin Kec. Medan Denai
Authors: Hadis Purba Hadis 
Published: September 2022

<h1 align="center">Abstrak</h1><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bealajar sosial emosional anak sebelum metode bermain peran dan setelah menerapkan metode bermain peran anak usia 5-6 tahun di RA Al-Mukhlisin 2021. Subjek yang di gunakan seluruh kelompok B usia 5-6 tahun di RA Al-Mukhlisin yang berjumlah 15 orang siswa. Didalam Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilakukan di RA Al-Mukhlisin Kec. Medan Denai. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data penelitian ini yaitu Teknik Observasi dan Dokumentasi.</p><p>Hasil penelitian siklus I diperoleh data perkembangan sosial anak masih rendah. Dari 15 orang anak, 11 orang anak dikategorikan mulai berkembang (80%) dan 4 anak yang memperoleh kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan (20%). Pada siklus II dilaksanakan penelitian dengan memperbaiki kesulitan yang di hadapi anak untuk memperoleh peningkatan yang maksimal. Pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan, Dari 15 anak kriteria berkembang sangat baik sebanyak 8 orang (53,33%), sedangkang kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan sebanyak 7 orang anak (46,67%). Anak yang memperoleh kriteria mulai berkembang tidak ada dan anak yang memperoleh kriteria belum berkembang tidak ada.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci :</strong><em> Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Dan Bermain Peran</em><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><em>The purpose of this study was to find out the socio-emotional learning of children before the role playing method and after applying the role playing method of children aged 5-6 years at RA Al-Mukhlisin 2021. The subjects used were all group B aged 5-6 years at RA Al-Mukhlisin consisting of 15 studentsIn this study using classroom action research (CAR). This research was conducted in RA Al-Mukhlisin Kec. Denai field. The technique used in this research data collection is the Observation and Documentation Technique.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>The results of the first cycle research obtained that the data on children's social development is still low. Of the 15 children, 11 children were categorized as starting to develop (80%) and 4 children who obtained the criteria for developing as expected (20%). In the second cycle, research was carried out by correcting the difficulties faced by children to obtain maximum improvement. In the second cycle there was a significant increase, from 15 children the criteria developed very well as many as 8 people (53.33%), while the criteria developed according to expectations as many as 7 children (46.67%). There are no children who get the criteria for starting to develop and there are no children who get the criteria for not developing.</em></p><ul><li><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Emotional Social Development and Role Playing</em></li></ul>
Upaya Meningkatkan Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Melalui Kegiatan Senam Irama Dan Perlombaan Di Mdta Al-Munawwarah Desa Gunung Tinggi
Authors: Yanti Zulfitri , Dewi Rafika , Sulasmi Sulasmi 
Published: September 2022

<h1 align="center">Abstrak</h1><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motorik kasar anak melalui kegiatan senam irama serta kegiatan perlombaan pada anak usia 7-11 tahun di MDTA Al-Munawwarah Desa Gunung Tinggi. Kapabilitas motorik kasar pada seorang anak merupakan instrument kesehatan yang sangat mempengaruhi kehidupannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 7-11 tahun di MDTA Al-Munawwarah Gunung Tinggi yang berjumlah 20 anak. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya meningkatkan motorik kasar melalui kegiatan senam irama MDTA Al-Munawwarah Gunung Tinggi sangat berperan dalam meningkatkan motorik kasar anak dan bahkan terlihat pada perlombaan yang dilakukan setelahnya. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan motorik kasar melalui kegiatan senam irama di MDTA Al-Munawwarah adalah dengan gerakan melompat dua kaki, mengangkat kedua tangan, dan menggerakkan kekiri dan kekanan lalu disusul dengan beberapa bentuk perlombaan seperti; perlombaan memasukkan paku, makan kerupuk, cerdas cermat, dan mengaji.</p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci: </em></strong><em>Perkembangan, Senam, Perlombaan</em></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>This study aims to improve children's gross motor skills through rhythmic gymnastics and competition activities for children aged 7-11 years at MDTA Al-Munawwarah in Gunung Tinggi Village. Gross motor ability in a child is a health instrument that greatly affects his life. This research was conducted through classroom action research (CAR) which was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this study were children aged 7-11 years at MDTA Al-Munawwarah Gunung Tinggi, totaling 20 children. The data collection method used is observation. Data analysis used descriptive qualitative. The results showed that efforts to improve gross motor skills through MDTA Al-Munawwarah Gunung Tinggi rhythmic gymnastics played a very important role in improving children's gross motor skills which were seen in the competitions that followed. The efforts made to improve gross motor skills through rhythmic gymnastics activities at MDTA Al-Munawwarah are by jumping two feet, raising both hands, a</em><em>nd moving left and right then followed by several forms of competitions such as; competitions to insert nails, eat crackers, quizs, and recite the Qur’an.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Gymnastics, competition, development.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
ANALISIS KEGAGALAN PITOT-STATIC SYSTEM PADA JENIS PESAWAT CRJ1000 MENGGUNAKAN ADTS
Authors: Harsanta Hendra , Waluyo Bambang Suhardi , Adiyat Hafiz Norian 
Published: September 2022

Sebuah pitot/static probe yang terdapat di setiap sisi depan pesawat merupakan komponen yang berfungsi menerima tekanan statis dan dinamis untuk diteruskan ke komponen Air Data Computer (ADC) yang dapat memberikan data ketinggian dan kecepatan untuk pilot pada Primary Flight Display 1 (PFD 1) dan copilot pada Primary Flight Display (PFD 2). Nilai data pada PFD 1 dan PFD 2 yang ditampilkan harus sama, jika ditemukan ada perbedaan nilai data ketinggian atau kecepatan pesawat, indikator akan menyala yang menandakan adanya ketidaksamaan nilai dan muncul”EFIS COM MON” caution message. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan alat Air Data Test Set yang berfungsi untuk menghitung nilai ketidaksamaan antara PFD 1 dan PFD 2 diikuti pengecekan nilai limitasi yang berlaku berdasarkan Aircraft Maintenance Manual. selain itu, menggunakan teori estimasi untuk mendapatkan nilai rata-rata interval penggantian pitot static probe sejak komponen pertama kali dipakai hingga dilakukan pelepasan yang disebut Time Since Now (TSN) dan sejak komponen mulai hingga selesai dioperasikan dalam satu kali penerbangan yang disebut Cycle Since Now (CSN). Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan ADTS menunjukkan adanya nilai ketinggian yang out of limit, dimana hal ini disebabkan dari faktor internal yaitu pada komponen ADC, nilai interval rata-rata penggantian pitot static probe selama 15 kali berdasarkan TSN (Time Since Now) yaitu antara 5974.74 sampai 9812.52 dan berdasarkan CSN (Cycle Since Now) yaitu antara 5216.08 sampai 8632.44.
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO HASIL HEAT TREATMENT MATERIAL RODA GIGI TRANSIMI MOBIL PRODUKSI DAIHATSU ASTRA 1000 CC MT TYPE ENGINE 1.0 L 1KR-FE 13
Authors: Rofiroh Rofiroh , Iskandar Ahmad , Alamsyah Rifan 
Published: September 2022

Mobil produksi Daihatsu Astra 1000 cc MT type Engine 1.0 L 1KR-FE 13 merupakan kendaraan dengan konsep low cost green car yang menggunakan sistem perpindahan daya berupa mekanisme roda gigi transmisi. Sistem roda gigi transmisi dibutuhkan untuk memperoleh karakteristik mesin yang mampu menghasilkan torsi yang besar. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kualitas pada roda gigi transmisi melalui proses heat treatment untuk mendapatkan kualitas yang sesuai dengan standar dan ketangguhan yang tinggi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pengambilan sempel roda gigi transmisi mobil produksi Daihatsu Astra 1000 cc MT Type Engine 1.0 L 1KR-FE 13 untuk pengujian komposisi kimia, kekerasan dan struktur mikro. Proses heat treatment terdiri dari proses hardening kemudian proses quenching dengan media pedingin Oli SAE 40 dan proses tempering. Maka melalui penelitian ini, roda gigi transmisi setelah proses heat treatment diharapkan memiliki karakteristik dan stuktur mikro yang meningkat sehingga kekuatan material yang dicapai maksimum dan mempunyai umur pakai yang lama. Setelah proses heat treatment dan pengujian hasil yang diperoleh berupa kekerasan dengan rata-rata 209,1 HV sebelum heat treatment menjadi 559,4 HV. Kandungan karbon dari 0,230 % sebelum heat treatment menjadi 0,260 % dengan menunjukkan adanya struktur martensit temper yang terdiri dari partikel-partikel sementit dalam matrik ferit dan sesuai dengan standar AISI 1023 dan mempunyai kekerasan dua kali lebih tinggi. Dengan hal ini menjadikan roda gigi tidak mudah rusak karena gesekan yang menyebabkan aus maupun patah akibat beban yang tinggi sehingga masa pakai menjadi lebih lama dan menghemat biaya akibat kerusakan.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 173 PEKANBARU
Authors: Mukhtar Nursalmi 
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted in SD Negeri 173 Pekanbaru at class V with 36 students, consisting of 19 male students and 17 female student. Based on preliminary observations V graders learnt mathematics that is still low than KKM (Complete Minimal Criteria) 70 average grade was 66.90 with 42.5 % completeness percentage. To solve this problem researchers tried to apply Contextual Learning Approach to improve students achievement on mathematics at class VB SD Negeri 43 Pekanbaru. The metdhod used was a Classroom Action Research (CAR), which consists of 2 cycles. The first cycle consists of 2 meetings and the second cycle consists of 2 meetin. The research instrument consisted of learning devices (syllabi, lesson plan, worksheets, and achievement test sheets), teacher observation sheets and student activities sheet. The research data were analyzed descriptively. Results of this study indicated that the student achievement has increased, the teacher activity of the first meeting 65 % and the second meeting of the first cycle was 73 %, mean while the teachers avtivity from the second meeting on the first cycle to the meeting of the second cycle increased to the 90 % and than it is increase to 96 % from the first meeting to the second meeting of second cycle. While the students activity of the first meeting of the first cycle of was 60 %, and the second meeting of the first cycle increased to 71 %. Then it increas to 83 % from the second meeting of the first cycle to the first meeting of the second cycle, and increase to 94% from the first meeting of the second cycle to the second meeting of the second cycle. There were increasing of student achievement from the mean score, 66.9 to 72.88 in cycle first, and it increased 75.6 to the second cycle. It can be concluded that the implementation contextual approach could improve students mathematics student achievement at V class of SD Negeri 173 Pekanbaru.
A Conceptual Analysis: The Inclusion of Elder-Care Funding in Contemporary Waqf Revival in Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Abu Bakar , Isbahi Muhammad Baiqun 
Published: September 2022

The urgent need for eldercare funding follows an alarming increase in the population of elderly persons aged 65+ within the last two decades, implying the need for countries to prioritize funding in terms of policy and budget. However, most developing countries like Nigeria are lacking in this regard making the search for optional methods that could ensure funding and provision of functional elderly care more evident. Waqf counts as an avenue for social support especially the waqif of religion and philanthropy. Hence, it is a need for a study of the waqf model. The analysis hinged on the structural functionalist theory as presented by Talcott Parsons, (1951). In the current academic discourse on the need to revive waqf, the central argument of this research agrees that the waqf model needs revival but also an orientation towards addressing the excesses generated by population aging across Muslim countries. From the studies reviewed, it is clear that political practices affect the waqf. In addition, a poor application and execution of funds, mismanagement, misappropriation, corruption, and the poor attitude of the Ulama in reviving the age-long institution among others. The paper concludes that the functional role of the waqf in funding areas of social justice makes the waqf a key institution that can address the challenges of eldercare as posed by the aging of the population across Muslim countries. It recommends eldercare funding in the waqf revival debate in addition to addressing the numerous problems affecting the waqf institution for a successful revival towards addressing contemporary issues in Muslim communities in Nigeria.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Vegetasi di Bukit Cogong Kabupaten Musi Rawas
Authors: Arisandy Destien Atmi , Triyanti Merti 
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of vegetation types in Bukit Cogong, Musi Rawas Regency based on composition, density of vegetation types. The population in this study were all plant species that exist in the Bukit Cogong vegetation of Musi Rawas Regency. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the method used is the distance method (Point Centered Quarter), which measures the diameter of the type of vegetation of trees and shrubs closest to the sampling point. As for herbaceous vegetation using the distance method (point intercept), which is analyzing the type of herbaceous vegetation that is the fastest with the help of a point frequency frame tool. The procedure of this study refers to the area of ​​Bukit Cogong, Musi Rawas Regency, to determine the area of ​​the study area. The analysis used is density, frequency, dominance, important value index, and Shannon's diversity index and canopy stratification. The results obtained for tree level vegetation are 30 species, for bush vegetation found 16 species and for herbaceous vegetation found 17 species. The tree level diversity index in all study areas is in abundance. Conclusions, the bush level diversity index in the study areas A and B was moderate, while in the study area C the category was relatively abundant. Herbaceous diversity index is being abundant in all study areas.
Keywords: Cogong Hill, Vegetation Type, Diversity
Efek Daun Etlingera hemisphaerica pada Perbaikan Skoring Spermatogenesis Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi HgCl2
Authors: Umar Liya Agustin , Shadar Siti Habiburrahmah Ash , Sari Kartika , Taurina Hilda , Asteria Marisadonna , Ruyani Aceng 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of administration of Etlingera hemispharica leaf extract on white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by mercury chloride as seen from the histopathological description of the testes. The research method used is experimental post-test-only control group design. The extract was administered for seven days by gavage. Testicular organ harvesting was carried out on the 9th day after the rats were euthanized and continued with making testicular preparations. Testicular damage was assessed using the Johnsen score. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests. The results showed that the test groups had a p-value of 0.000. The histopathological description of the testes induced by HgCl2 had a p-value of 0.005 and the administration of E. hemisphaerica leaf extract in HgCl2-induced mice showed a p-value of 0.008. In conclusion, administration of E. hemisphaerica leaf extract to R. norvegicus induced by mercury chloride improved spermatogenesis on the histopathological features of the R. norvegicus testes.
Keywords: Etlingera hemispharica, HgCl2, Johnsen Score, Rattus norvegicus
Uji Organoleptik Eco-Enzyme dari Limbah Kulit Buah
Authors: Viza Rivo Yulse 
Published: September 2022

This study aims to determine the characteristics of eco-enzyme products from fruit peel waste. The method used is an experiment with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the eco enzyme product produced had a fresh sour aroma, brown with different levels of color density, ranging from light brown, yellowish-brown, to dark brown. The volume of eco enzyme products after the fermentation process for three months showed that in variables 1 and 3 the volume increased to 133%, while in variable 3 there was a reduction in product volume to 86%. The highest pH level is in variable 4 (2.8). In conclusion, the combination of fruit peel waste used as raw material for making eco enzymes affects the color, aroma, water content and pH of the resulting eco-enzymes.
Keywords: Eco enzyme, Fruit Peel Waste, Organoleptic
العطور عبر الحضارات التاريخية
Authors: AlZarooni Hamda Mohamed Haidar , Alshamsi Badryya Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

عُرفت حضارات الشرق القديم منذ فجر التاريخ باهتمامها وعنايتها بالروائح العطرية النباتية، التي هي المصدر الرئيس لجميع أنواع العطور، بما في ذلك العطور الدخانية والزيتية والدهنية والراتينَجيَّة والمائية، وتشمل منتجاتها: البخور والمسك واللبان والمر، وعبق الزهور، وورد الياسمين، وغيرها من الروائح العطرية التاريخية الأولى. واستمرت أهمية هذه الروائح العطرية على مدى تاريخ الحضارات الإنسانية، من حيث الجوانب الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والثقافية لحضارات الشرق القديم، بما في ذلك الحضارة الإسلامية، التي تعدّ من أهم العصور التي أسهمت في تكوين جوهر تاريخ العطور.
ينقسم هذا البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث وخاتمة، بالإضافة إلى مقدمة موجزة لشرح مصطلح العطور، حيث إن المبحث الأول يشرح تطور العطور ونشأتها في حضارات العالم القديم في الشرق، والتعامل مع مادة العطور من الناحية الدينية وطقوسها. ويتناول المبحث أيضاً استخدامات المواد العطرية والعطور لأغراض الزينة والجمال، كما كان في الحضارات المصرية القديمة وبلاد ما بين النهرين، واستخدامها في السيطرة على مقاليد الحياة الاقتصادية من طرق التجارة البرية والبحرية، والمناطق التي عُرفت منذ الأزل بالثروات العطرية الثمينة التي لا تجد مصدراً آخر لها، وكذلك ازدهار أسواق تجارة العطور، وكيف أسهمت تلك المواد في ضبط حركة التجارة والأسواق التي كانت موجودة كمبادلات تجارية داخلية وخارجية. بجانب العديد من الاهتمامات الأخرى، تثبت هذا المبحث اهتمام الحضارة الإسلامية بالزراعة، بما في ذلك زراعة النباتات العطرية والزهور، والتي تعكس مدى أهمية العطور في الحضارة الإسلامية، وتؤكد أيضاً أنها من العناصر الموروثة لبعض الفترات في التاريخ الإسلامي، وخصوصاً في عصر الخلافة العباسية. وسيتناول المبحث أيضاً العديد من المؤلفات في مجال العطور وأنواعه واستخداماته المختلفة.