bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological impact of neonatal intensive care unit admissions on parents: A regional perspective
Authors: Dickinson Corrine , Vangaveti Venkat , Browne Allyson 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to report the prevalence of adverse psychological symptoms and health behaviours of parents who had a baby admitted to a regional neonatal intensive care unit to spotlight mental health care in these unique settings.DesignThis was a prospective, prevalence‐based study using quantitative data.SettingThe study was conducted at the Townsville University Hospital, Queensland.ParticipantsParticipants comprised 114 parents of 79 infants enrolled in the study (mothers = 69 and fathers = 45).Main outcome measuresTrauma, depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol and drug use, prior mental health history and bonding experience were assessed by standardised self‐report questionnaires and a structured diagnostic interview within 2 weeks and at 3 months post‐admission to neonatal intensive care unit.ResultsClinically significant acute trauma symptoms (16% of mothers only), depression (22% mothers; 4% of fathers), anxiety (27% mothers; 11% fathers) and stress (24% mothers; 13% fathers) were reported within the first 2 weeks after their baby was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Notably, 18% of parents reported engaging in harmful alcohol use behaviour within 2 weeks post‐birth; 29% of fathers continued to report risky drinking at 3 months. At 3 months, 21%, 8% and 6% of mothers met diagnostic criteria for generalised anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder, respectively.ConclusionScreening for psychological distress and alcohol use of parents of neonatal intensive care unit babies can ensure that support services are made available post‐discharge to optimise family function and development of the preterm infant.
House dust mite sensitization and exposure affects bronchial epithelial anti‐microbial response to viral stimuli in patients with asthma
Authors: Cerps Samuel , Sverrild Asger , Ramu Sangeetha , Nieto‐Fontarigo Juan José , Akbarshahi Hamid , Menzel Mandy , Andersson Cecilia , Tillgren Sofia , Hvidtfeldt Morten , Porsbjerg Celeste , Uller Lena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionAllergen exposure worsens viral‐triggered asthma exacerbations and could predispose the host to secondary bacterial infections. We have previously demonstrated that exposure to house dust mite (HDM) reduced TLR‐3‐induced IFN‐β in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) from healthy donors. We hypothesize that HDM sensitization in different ways may be involved in both viral and bacterial resistance of HBECs in asthma. In this study, the role of HDM sensitization and effects of HDM exposure on viral stimulus‐challenged HBECs from asthmatic donors have been explored with regard to expression and release of molecules involved in anti‐viral and anti‐bacterial responses, respectively.MethodsHBECs from HDM‐sensitized (HDM+) and unsensitized (HDM‐) patients with asthma were used. HBECs were exposed to HDM or heat inactivated (hi)‐HDM (20 μg/ml) for 24 h prior to stimulation with the viral infection mimic, Poly(I:C), for 3 or 24 h. Samples were analyzed with ELISA and RT‐qPCR for β‐defensin‐2, IFN‐β, TSLP, and neutrophil‐recruiting mediators: IL‐8 and TNF‐⍺. NFκB signaling proteins p105, p65, and IκB‐⍺ were analyzed by Western blot.ResultsPoly(I:C)‐induced IFN‐β expression was reduced in HBECs from HDM + compared to HDM‐ patients (p = 0.05). In vitro exposure of HBECs to HDM furthermore reduced anti‐microbial responses to Poly(I:C) including β‐defensin‐2, IL‐8, and TNF‐⍺, along with reduced NFκB activity. This was observed in HBECs from asthma patients sensitized to HDM, as well as in non‐sensitized patients. By contrast, Poly (I:C)‐induced release of TSLP, a driver of T2 inflammation, was not reduced with exposure to HDM.ConclusionUsing HBECs challenged with viral infection mimic, Poly(I:C), we demonstrated that allergic sensitization to HDM was associated with impaired anti‐viral immunity and that HDM exposure reduced anti‐viral and anti‐bacterial defense molecules, but not TSLP, across non‐allergic as well as allergic asthma. These data suggest a role of HDM in the pathogenesis of asthma exacerbations evoked by viral infections including sequential viral‐bacterial and viral‐viral infections.
Elucidating the effects of organisational practices on innovative work behavior in UAE public sector organisations: The mediating role of employees’ wellbeing
Authors: Mehmood Khalid , Jabeen Fauzia , Iftikhar Yaser , Yan Manli , Khan Ali Nawaz , AlNahyan Moza Tahnoon , Alkindi Humaid Ali , Alhammadi Bader Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the context of the transitioning economy of the United Arab Emirates, which demands inculcating innovative behavior in public employees, this study investigates the relationship between high‐involvement work practices and leaders' collaborative nature with employees' innovative behavior. Drawing on the social exchange and ability–motivation–opportunity theories, this research expounds the mediating effect of employees' wellbeing to examine the mechanisms through which high‐involvement work practices and public leaders' collaborative nature affect employees' innovative behavior in public organisations. Using three‐wave data from 207 individuals in public service organisations, this study tests the effects of employees' perceptions of high‐involvement work practices and leaders' collaborative nature on their wellbeing and innovative work behaviors. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications for research on innovative work behavior in the milieu of public organisations.
Still servants of work? Exploring the role of the critic in work and organizational psychology
Authors: Gerard Nathan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper situates the burgeoning movement of critical work and organizational psychology (CWOP) within a broader and ongoing effort to rehabilitate work in a broken society. Drawing upon Loren Baritz's seminal critique of the field, The Servants of Power, the argument is made that while CWOP scholars clearly militate against pandering to the “power elite,” they nonetheless risk becoming servants of work, defined as the propensity to perpetuate work's outsized psychological significance. To support such an argument, a core yet neglected theme in Baritz's book is revisited, that of the role of the critic, to demonstrate how CWOP scholars might navigate their own entanglements with servitude while at the same time contest work's symbolic power. The paper also addresses the charge of intellectual elitism that can result from holding such a position of “critical distance” not just from mainstream scholarship, but from work itself. Implications for the future of CWOP are discussed.
Spitz nevus with EHBP1‐ALK fusion and distinctive membranous localization of ALK
Authors: Bahrani Eman , Kunder Christian A. , Teng Joyce M. , Brown Ryanne A. , Rieger Kerri E. , Novoa Roberto A. , Cloutier Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractALK rearrangements define a histopathologically distinctive yet diverse subset of Spitz tumors characterized by fusiform to epithelioid melanocytes with frequent fascicular growth and ALK overexpression. Molecularly, these tumors are characterized by fusions between ALK and a variety of gene partners, most commonly TPM3 and DCTN1. We describe an unusual case of a Spitz nevus occurring in a 13‐year‐old female that manifested ALK immunopositivity with cell membrane localization. The proliferation was polypoid and composed of elongated nests of epithelioid melanocytes with enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant cytoplasm without significant atypia and lacking mitotic figures. The nevus exhibited strong and diffuse expression of p16. Targeted next‐generation RNA sequencing revealed an in‐frame EHBP1‐ALK fusion, which has been reported only once in the literature. EHBP1 encodes an adaptor protein with plasma membrane targeting potential. Together, these findings suggest that the 5′ ALK fusion partner in Spitz tumors may dictate the subcellular localization of the ALK chimeric oncoprotein. In summary, this case highlights a rare ALK fusion associated with a distinct immunohistochemical staining pattern and further expands the spectrum of ALK‐rearranged melanocytic tumors.
Impact of random variation in albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate on patient enrolment and duration of clinical trials in nephrology
Authors: Waijer Simke W. , Provenzano Michele , Mulder Skander , Rossing Peter , Persson Frederik , Perkovic Vlado , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo test whether a screening approach with more flexible urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds would decrease screen failure rate without negatively impacting on the event rate and overall study duration.MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis of the ALTITUDE trial. We selected participants randomized to placebo with a UACR of >300 mg/g and an eGFR between 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the first visit (pre‐screening) for the trial. We then used less stringent lower UACR and higher eGFR thresholds for the following qualifying visit. For each scenario we calculated the number of eligible participants, the number of renal and cardiovascular endpoints, and the event rates. Based on this, we performed simulations for a future trial and estimated the duration of enrolment and total duration of this trial.ResultsThe base scenario consisted of 848 participants (median UACR 1239 mg/g; median eGFR 44 mL/min/1.73 m2). Lowering the UACR and/or raising eGFR qualification thresholds increased the number of eligible participants, decreased screen failures and resulted in only a modest decrease in renal and cardiovascular event rates. For example, relaxing the UACR criterion from 300 mg/g to 210 mg/g at the qualifying visit, increased the number of eligible patients from 848 to 923, and increased the number of renal events from 117 to 122 events. The event rate showed a moderate decrease from 5.6 (4.6‐6.7) events per 100 patient‐years to 5.3 (4.4‐6.4) events per 100 patient‐years. In simulations, lowering the UACR and raising eGFR thresholds for inclusion accelerated patient enrolment and did not increase in the overall trial duration.ConclusionMore flexible albuminuria and eGFR‐based inclusion criteria, in participants who met the inclusion criteria of a trial based on pre‐screening values prior to the clinical trial, decreases screen failure rates and accelerated patient enrolment leading to more efficient trial conduct without impacting the overall trial duration.
Characteristics and treatment outcomes of children and adolescents accessing treatment in Child and Youth Mental Health Services
Authors: Lu Zhen Qi , de Geus Hanna , Roest Sanna , Payne Leanne , Krishnamoorthy Govind , Littlewood Robyn , Hoyland Margaret , Stathis Stephen , Bor William , Middeldorp Christel M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimTo provide insight into the characteristics and treatment outcomes of children and adolescents accessing outpatient Child and Youth Mental Health Services (CYMHS), and to explore whether outcomes differ by age, sex, and ancestry background. This information can guide how to optimize the treatment delivered at these services.MethodsAn observational retrospective study was performed based on data from 3098 children and adolescents between age 5 and 18 who received treatment at Brisbane, Australia, community CYMHS between 2013–2018. Patient characteristics, service use, and clinician and parent rated Routine Outcome Measures (ROM) were extracted from electronic health records.ResultsAnxiety and mood disorders were the most common mental disorders (37% and 19%). In 1315 children and adolescents (42%), two or more disorders were diagnosed, and the far majority (88%) had experienced at least one psychosocial stressor. The ROM scores improved between start and end of treatment with Cohen's d effect sizes of around 0.9. However, ~50% of the children still scored in the clinical range at the end of treatment. Outcomes did not differ over gender and Indigenous status.ConclusionsChildren and adolescents accessing CYMHS have severe and complex mental disorders as reflected by high rates of comorbidity, exposure to adverse circumstances and high symptom scores at the start of treatment. Despite the clinically relevant and substantial improvement, end ROM scores indicated the presence of residual symptoms. As this increases the risk for relapse, services should explore ways to improve treatment to further reduce mental health symptoms.
Use of second doses of Valtoco® (diazepam nasal spray) across 24 hours after the initial dose for out‐of‐hospital seizure clusters: Results from a phase 3, open‐label, repeat‐dose safety study
Authors: Sperling Michael R. , Wheless James W. , Hogan R. Edward , Dlugos Dennis , Cascino Gregory D. , Liow Kore , Rabinowicz Adrian L. , Carrazana Enrique ,   DIAZ 001.05 Study Group
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveAn exploratory analysis from a long‐term, phase 3, open‐label, repeat‐dose safety study of diazepam nasal spray for acute treatment of seizure clusters assessed the use of a second dose up to 24 hours after the initial dose and effectiveness in potentially reducing the number of seizures.MethodsSeizures and doses were recorded in diaries.ResultsOf 175 patients enrolled, 163 received ≥1 dose of diazepam nasal spray and were included in the safety population; those patients received a total of 4390 doses for a total of 3853 seizure clusters. Less than half of these patients used a second dose a least once during the study (79 patients [48.5%]), with a total of 485 second doses for seizure clusters (12.6% of all seizure clusters). Among these 79 patients, 33 (41.8%) used only one second dose during the study (range: 1–82). The proportion of seizure clusters treated with a second dose over time was consistently low across 24 h: 0–4 h, 152 (3.9%); 4–6 h, 72 (1.9%); 6–8 h, 39 (1.0%); 8–12 h, 55 (1.4%); 12–16 h, 42 (1.1%); 16–20 h, 42 (1.1%); 20–24 h, 83 (2.2%). Rates of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and treatment‐related TEAEs occurring within 1 day of a second dose were low (15.2% and 5.1%, respectively).SignificancePatients with epilepsy may experience seizure clusters lasting up to 24 hours, and little is known about the effectiveness of rescue therapies for that duration. The current labeling of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved outpatient treatments for seizure clusters (rectal diazepam, intranasal midazolam, and diazepam nasal spray) allows for a second dose, if needed, for control. These findings support the safety profile of second doses, and the low use supports the effectiveness of diazepam nasal spray across 24 hours.
The European Green Deal: The future of a polycentric Europe?
Authors: van Zeben Josephine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Green Deal (GD) and the Conference on the Future of Europe (CoFoE) are both central to the EU's environmental, economic and social sustainability, even as many questions persist regarding their processes and outcomes. This article considers both processes as essential catalysts for, and tools of, a more polycentric Europe. It specifically wants to harness the problem‐definition and problem‐solving abilities of such a polycentric system through greater participation, solidarity and trust. By ensuring citizen empowerment through citizen assemblies such as the CoFoE, the success and legitimacy of the GD, as a central part of the EU's sustainability agenda, could be strongly amplified. This article highlights several procedural and substantive overlaps and synergies that present low‐cost, high‐gain opportunities to make these processes mutually reinforcing. More generally, the CoFoE, and possible future iterations, should be central to the EU's democratic integration and its longevity.
Does growing atmospheric CO2 explain increasing carbon sink in a boreal coniferous forest?
Authors: Launiainen Samuli , Katul Gabriel G. , Leppä Kersti , Kolari Pasi , Aslan Toprak , Grönholm Tiia , Korhonen Lauri , Mammarella Ivan , Vesala Timo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe terrestrial net ecosystem productivity (NEP) has increased during the past three decades, but the mechanisms responsible are still unclear. We analyzed 17 years (2001–2017) of eddy‐covariance measurements of NEP, evapotranspiration (ET) and light and water use efficiency from a boreal coniferous forest in Southern Finland for trends and inter‐annual variability (IAV). The forest was a mean annual carbon sink (252 [42] gC ), and NEP increased at rate +6.4–7.0 gC (or ca. +2.5% ) during the period. This was attributed to the increasing gross‐primary productivity GPP and occurred without detectable change in ET. The start of annual carbon uptake period was advanced by 0.7 d , and increase in GPP and NEP outside the main growing season contributed ca. one‐third and one‐fourth of the annual trend, respectively. Meteorological factors were responsible for the IAV of fluxes but did not explain the long‐term trends. The growing season GPP trend was strongest in ample light during the peak growing season. Using a multi‐layer ecosystem model, we showed that direct fertilization effect diminishes when moving from leaf to ecosystem, and only 30–40% of the observed ecosystem GPP increase could be attributed to . The increasing trend in leaf‐area index (LAI), stimulated by forest thinning in 2002, was the main driver of the enhanced GPP and NEP of the mid‐rotation managed forest. It also compensated for the decrease of mean leaf stomatal conductance with increasing and LAI, explaining the apparent proportionality between observed GPP and trends. The results emphasize that attributing trends to their physical and physiological drivers is challenged by strong IAV, and uncertainty of LAI and species composition changes due to the dynamic flux footprint. The results enlighten the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increasing terrestrial carbon uptake in the boreal zone.
Push and pull factors in Tunisian internal migration: The role of human capital
Authors: Laajimi Rawaa , Le Gallo Julie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the pull and push factors of interregional flows in Tunisia, focusing on the role of differences in human capital. Using data from the 2004 and 2014 Tunisian censuses, we estimate a gravity model augmented with proxies capturing high‐ and low‐skilled level human capital and an original nighttime light proxy for regional GPD. We consider both unemployment rate differential and road distance as multilateral resistance variables, and we add cultural and quality of life variables. We find that the macroeconomic variables are the main determinants of interregional flows. As for human capital, high skilled level acts as a pull factor while low skilled level acts as a restraining factor in the destination regions. Furthermore, non‐economic variables have a significant impact on migration flows: Tunisians leave their origin regions not only in search of job opportunities but also in search of better living conditions.
Effect of caffeine and caffeine cessation on cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with migraine
Authors: Gil Young‐Eun , Lee Mi Ji , Cho Soohyun , Chung Chin‐Sang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of chronic caffeine use and caffeine cessation on vasodilatory function in the posterior circulation in patients with migraine.BackgroundStudies regarding cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) using vasodilatory stimuli in patients with migraine have yielded conflicting results. We postulated that CVR may not be static, and caffeine might negatively affect vasodilatory function via its vasoconstrictive effect.MethodsIn this prospective longitudinal observation study, we recruited patients with episodic migraine who were 18–50 years of age and free of vascular risk factors at the Samsung Medical Center between August 2015 and March 2020. Patients were classified into caffeine users and non‐users at baseline, and caffeine users were instructed to discontinue caffeine intake. We measured the mean breath‐holding index (BHI) of bilateral posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) using transcranial Doppler in all the included patients at baseline and followed up after 3 months. We compared breath‐holding indices cross‐sectionally between caffeine users and non‐users and analyzed BHI changes according to caffeine cessation.ResultsIn total, 84 patients completed the study protocol. Cross‐sectional analysis showed that the baseline BHI of PCA was lower in caffeine users (n = 56, 1.1 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.8–1.3]) than that in nonusers (n = 28, 1.3 [IQR 1.0–1.5], p = 0.030). In the longitudinal analysis, caffeine quitters showed a significant improvement in BHI in PCA (baseline 1.1 [IQR 0.8–1.2], follow‐up 1.3 [IQR 1.0–1.4], p = 0.034), whereas continuous users and non‐users did not. Multivariable analysis showed an independent effect of caffeine cessation on the changes in BHI of PCA (unstandardized β = 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.53, p = 0.044).ConclusionIn patients with migraine, caffeine use is associated with reduced CVR in the posterior circulation, and caffeine cessation might be beneficial in improving CVR.
Inhibition of endogenous protease activity and protection of histomorphical integrity during refrigerated storage of grass carp fillets by treatment with natural edible di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acids
Authors: Ge Lihong , Huang Yuli , Ma Qian , Wang Yu , Yang Rui , Yang Xinyu , Chen Yan , Miao Yuzhi , Zuo Yong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryIn this study, by dipping grass carp fillets with 10 mM di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acid solutions individually before storage at 4 °C for 10 days, the application potential of these acids in mitigating softening of fish was investigated through analysing shear force, pH, endogenous cathepsin activities, myofibrillar proteolysis and histomorphological characteristics. The results suggested that maleic acid, fumaric acid and tartaric acid were significantly effective against softening of grass carp muscle, as shown by shear force 26%–31% higher than that of control after storage. Acid treatments led to a decline in the pH of muscle. Besides, the inhibitory effect of these acids on cathepsins was demonstrated by activity reduction by 20%–90%. Further, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and heat shock protein (HSP) analysis supported the protection of these acids against degradation and dissociation of myosin and actin through suppressing HSP loss. Moreover, histomorphological images with higher intensity of acridine orange fluorescence in muscle revealed the improvement of tissue integrity by acid treatments. The inhibitory potential of these acids in suppressing softening of fish muscle is particularly relevant to their capacity of mitigating cathepsin‐induced proteolysis and improving lysosome stability. Therefore, di‐ and tri‐carboxylic acids could play pleiotropic functions in the quality control of fish fillets.