bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher-Order Optimality Conditions in Set-Valued Optimization with Respect to General Preference Mappings
Authors: Michalak Anna , Studniarski Marcin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present higher order necessary conditions for a model of welfare economics, where the preference mapping has a star-shape property. We assume that the preferences can be satiable and can be described by an arbitrary preference set, without the use of utility functions. These conditions are formulated in terms of higher-order directional derivatives of multivalued mappings, and the variable domination structure is not given by cones.
Typology and characteristics of indigenous goats and production systems in different agro-ecological zones of Tanzania
Authors: Nguluma Athumani , Kyallo Martina , Tarekegn Getinet Mekuriaw , Loina Rose , Nziku Zabron , Chenyambuga Sebastian , Pelle Roger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTanzania has a goat population of about 24.8 million most of which belong to the Small East African breed distributed in almost all agro-ecological zones. The different goat populations and the production system in which they are raised are not well characterized depriving animal breeders useful information in designing and running improvement and conservation programs. Therefore, the study was conducted in all agro-ecological zones in Tanzania to characterize the indigenous goats and the production system in which they are raised. Data on animals were collected from 688 randomly selected adult female goats and for production system description; 220 households were interviewed. Analysis of variance and discriminant analysis were used on quantitative data, while frequency analysis was used on qualitative data. Income generation and meat production were the primary goat rearing objectives. More than 55% of respondents grazed their animals freely in communal lands where natural pasture was the chief feed resource. Mating was mainly uncontrolled with apron and castration being used by goat keepers as mating control methods. Common diseases were contagious caprine pleural pneumonia and helminthiasis. Feed shortage, prevalence of diseases, and water scarcity were the major goat production constraints. There were morphological variations between and within these goat populations, and based on quantitative data, the goats were categorized into two groups. High twinning was observed in Ujiji and Lindi goats and low for Sukuma. The dominant coat color was plain white in Pare, Gogo, Maasai, and Tanga. Other coat color patterns were mixed black and white for Sukuma, reddish-brown for Lindi, black and reddish-brown for Ujiji, and white and reddish-brown for Pwani and Maasai. High within population variation is observed which is important as it can be used as a basis for genetic improvement through selection.
Breeding practices and trait preferences of goat keepers at Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality, South Africa: implication for the design of breeding programmes
Authors: Tyasi Thobela Louis , Ng’ambi Jones , Mogashoa Stanley 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIdentification of breeding practices and trait preferences by livestock keepers for the selection of breeding animals to be parents of the next generations is the crucial step to the successful implementation of community-based breeding program (CBBPs). The study aimed to detect breeding practices and trait preferences by farmers at Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality, South Africa to determine their relevance in establishing a CBBP. A well-structured questionnaire was designed and administered to 183 randomly selected goat keepers from four villages. Chi-square statistics were used to compare categorical variables among villages. Socio-economic factors and reasons for keeping goats were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the four villages. Methods of controlling mating, reasons for not controlling mating, keeping breeding bucks, source of breeding bucks, reasons for culling, and culling methods were significantly different (P < 0.05) among villages. The most common trait preferences of goat keepers among the surveyed villages were twinning ability, mothering ability, and body size in breeding does, while in breeding bucks were mating ability, growth rate, and body size. The results from this study are useful for designing CBBPs for goat production in the communal areas of Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality.
Norm Estimates for Selfadjoint Toeplitz Operators on the Fock Space
Authors: Galbis Antonio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAn estimate for the norm of selfadjoint Toeplitz operators with a radial, bounded and integrable symbol is obtained. This emphasizes the fact that the norm of such operator is strictly less than the supremum norm of the symbol. Consequences for time-frequency localization operators are also given.
LncRNA HOTTIP Knockdown Attenuates Acute Myocardial Infarction via Regulating miR-92a-2/c-Met Axis
Authors: Wang Beilei , Ma Likun , Wang Junyi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncreasing investigations have focused on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in various human diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although lncRNA HOTTIP has been identified to play an important role in coronary artery diseases, its role and specific mechanism in AMI remain unclear. To investigate the potential role of HOTTIP in MI, HOTTIP expression in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissues of MI mice was evaluated. The potential targets of HOTTIP and miR-92a-2 were predicted using Starbase and Targetscan. To further determine the cardio-protective effects of HOTTIP in vivo, si-HOTTIP and miR-92a-2 mimics were individually or co-injected into mice through intramyocardial injection. Moreover, their roles were further confirmed in rescue experiments. HOTTIP was significantly upregulated in ischemic myocardium of MI mice and hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes. Moreover, HOTTIP knockdown markedly promoted cardiomyocyte growth and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. Luciferase reporter assay showed that HOTTIP could directly sponge miR-92a-2 to negatively regulate miR-92a-2 expression. In addition, c-Met was identified as a direct target of miR-92a-2, and their correlation was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. MiR-92a-2 overexpression significantly enhanced the protective effect of HOTTIP knockdown against AMI through partially inhibiting c-Met expression. Our results demonstrated that HOTTIP downregulation attenuated AMI progression via the targeting miR-92a-2/c-Met axis and suggested that HOTTIP might be a potential therapeutic target for AMI.
Reclamation and Expulsion. Frontiers of City Expansion and the Loss of Public and Communal Spaces at Abidjan’s Lagoonal Waterfronts
Authors: Eguavoen Irit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paper analyses the motivations of actors who reclaimed and appropriated the banks of the Ebrié Lagoon in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, which were in many cases marginal lands under public ownership. The analysis focuses on the evolution of two unplanned settlements, Soweto (from 1964) and Adjahui (from 2011). Practices of incremental place-making and residential stories connect these places, which are located opposite to one another at the Bay of Koumassi. The research questions are as follows: Why and by who were waterfronts reclaimed and appropriated? And how does reclamation entail social-economic inequalities and the loss of public and communal spaces? Conceptually, lagoonal waterfronts are approached as waterscapes, cultural landscapes with discursive representations. Their evolution is analysed by using the concepts of fixity and flows by Desfor and Laidley (2011). Findings show although tenure was highly insecure in the legal sense, use rights, house ownership and local power relations in Soweto were fixed for decades despite the fact that buildings, residents, local arrangements and the spatial form constantly changed. Though inhabitants increasingly entered the water space and the lagoon, the material condition of the settlement seemed stable because the process took place over many decades before urban renewal set dynamics in motion that speeded up the reclamation process and brought the waterscapes into flow.
The Fundamental Attribution Error in Human-Robot Interaction: An Experimental Investigation on Attributing Responsibility to a Social Robot for Its Pre-Programmed Behavior
Authors: Horstmann Aike C. , Krämer Nicole C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince social robots are rapidly advancing and thus increasingly entering people’s everyday environments, interactions with robots also progress. For these interactions to be designed and executed successfully, this study considers insights of attribution theory to explore the circumstances under which people attribute responsibility for the robot’s actions to the robot. In an experimental online study with a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects design (N = 394), people read a vignette describing the social robot Pepper either as an assistant or a competitor and its feedback, which was either positive or negative during a subsequently executed quiz, to be generated autonomously by the robot or to be pre-programmed by programmers. Results showed that feedback believed to be autonomous leads to more attributed agency, responsibility, and competence to the robot than feedback believed to be pre-programmed. Moreover, the more agency is ascribed to the robot, the better the evaluation of its sociability and the interaction with it. However, only the valence of the feedback affects the evaluation of the robot’s sociability and the interaction with it directly, which points to the occurrence of a fundamental attribution error.
New thyreophoran dinosaur material from the Early Jurassic of northeastern Germany
Authors: Schade Marco , Ansorge Jörg 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThyreophora is a clade of globally distributed herbivorous ornithischian dinosaurs. The earliest forms are known from the Early Jurassic, and their latest surviving representatives witnessed the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. Throughout their evolutionary history, these ‘shield bearers’ became lumbering quadrupeds, evolved a wide array of bony armor, plates and spikes, as well as sweeping tail weapons in the form of tail clubs and thagomizers. An isolated new thyreophoran osteoderm from a Lower Jurassic Konservatlagerstätte near Grimmen is described and, with the aid of micro-CT data, compared to an osteoderm of the early diverging thyreophoranEmausaurus ernstifrom a different stratigraphic horizon at the same locality.
Restoring human freedoms: from utilitarianism to a capability approach to wetland restoration in Louisiana’s coastal master plan
Authors: O’Byrne David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract Coastal restoration is being undertaken globally to address and avoid the losses caused by rising relative sea levels and other forms of coastal ecosystem degradation. Restoration decision-making is increasingly considering its social impacts, but how social factors should be incorporated in decision-making is a matter of debate. Multi-criteria approaches are promoted for their ability to overcome problems associated with monetary valuation of nature. Louisiana’s coastal restoration program has been promoted as a good example of a multi-criteria approach. This article engages in a critical examination of the wetland restoration program contained in Louisiana’s 2017 Coastal Master Plan (CMP). The principles that underlie decision-making, and how these principles are deployed through decision tools and metrics, constitute an implicit utilitarianism. This utilitarianism, in spite of the use of multiple criteria, recreates problems commonly associated with monetary valuation, namely, it creates poor distributional outcomes and fails to account for non-economic values of nature. The study argues that these problems can be overcome with a systematic use of the capability approach. This would involve the development of an evaluative framework that prioritizes the freedoms of the worst-off, and translation of this framework into a series of metrics compatible with planning models and tools. The paper closes by outlining some challenges to achieving a capability approach in Louisiana’s CMP.
Function Approximation by Deep Neural Networks with Parameters $$\{0,\pm \frac{1}{2}, \pm 1, 2\}$$
Authors: Beknazaryan Aleksandr 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper, it is shown that $$C_\beta $$

C
β

-smooth functions can be approximated by deep neural networks with ReLU activation function and with parameters $$\{0,\pm \frac{1}{2}, \pm 1, 2\}$$

{
0
,
±

1
2

,
±
1
,
2
}

. The $$l_0$$

l
0

and $$l_1$$

l
1

parameter norms of considered networks are thus equivalent. The depth, the width and the number of active parameters of the constructed networks have, up to a logarithmic factor, the same dependence on the approximation error as the networks with parameters in $$[-1,1]$$

[
-
1
,
1
]

. In particular, this implies that the nonparametric regression estimation with constructed networks achieves, up to logarithmic factors, the same minimax convergence rates as with sparse networks with parameters in $$[-1,1]$$

[
-
1
,
1
]

.
A highly diverse dromioid crab assemblage (Decapoda, Brachyura) associated with pinnacle reefs in the lower Eocene of Spain
Authors: Artal Pedro , Ferratges Fernando A. , van Bakel Barry W.M. , Zamora Samuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA highly diverse fauna of dromioid brachyurans from the Serraduy Formation (lower Eocene) in the western Pyrenees (Huesca, Spain) is described and illustrated. Recorded taxa areMclaynotopus longispinosusnew genus new species,Torodromia elongatan. gen. n. sp.,Basidromilites glaessnerin. gen. n. sp., ?Basidromilitessp.,Sierradromia gladiatorn. gen. n. sp.,Kromtitis isabenensisn. sp., and ?Basinotopussp. Other European outcrops have yielded dromioids in association with specific environments, likely coral and sponge reef and siliciclastic soft bottoms; but the present material constitutes the most diverse dromioid assemblage from the lower Eocene worldwide. These dromioids co-occurred with a rich invertebrate fauna and lived near coral–algal reef mounds. Sedimentological data suggest that most of the fauna accumulated in fore reef settings as a result of storm activity. The present material greatly increases the diversity of known dromioid crabs associated with Eocene reef environments.UUID:http://zoobank.org/aed8cafa-7c64-4e70-bd45-9f357fc37a28
Negative effect of insulin-induced gene 2 on milk fat synthesis in buffalo mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Fan Xinyang , Zhang Yongyun , Qiu Lihua , Miao Yongwang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInsulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) is a recently identified gene that is implicated in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and lipogenesis in mammals. Although the data in goats emphasizes a role for INSIG2 in milk fat synthesis, the regulatory mechanism in buffalo is not clear. In this study, we analyzed the protein abundance of INSIG2 at peak lactation and dry-off period in buffalo mammary tissue. The results indicated that, relative to the peak lactation, the protein abundance of INSIG2 in the dry-off period was higher. To determine the function of INSIG2 in milk fat synthesis, INSIG2 was overexpressed and knocked down by lentiviral transfection in buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMECs). The response to overexpressing INSIG2 included down-regulation of SREBP, PPARG, FASN, ELOVL6, SCD, APGAT6 and TIP47 coupled with a decrease in content of triacylglycerol (TAG). However, in response to knockdown of INSIG2, the significant increase in content of TAG along with marked up-regulation of SREBP, PPARG, FASN, ELOVL6, SCD, APGAT6 and TIP47 suggests that INSIG2 negatively affects milk fat synthesis in BuMECs. No significant difference in mRNA abundance of GPAM and DGAT2 in response to overexpression or interference of INSIG2 indicates that they might also be influenced by other regulatory factors. Taken together, our results provide strong support for the negative effect of INSIG2 on milk fat synthesis in BuMECs.
Connection between two historical tuberculosis outbreak sites in Japan, Honshu, by a new ancestral Mycobacterium tuberculosis L2 sublineage
Authors: Guyeux Christophe , Senelle Gaetan , Refrégier Guislaine , Bretelle-Establet Florence , Cambau Emmanuelle , Sola Christophe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
By gathering 680 publicly available Sequence Read Archives from isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) including 190 belonging to the lineage 2 Beijing, and using an in-house bioinformatical pipeline, the TB-Annotator, that analyses more than 50 000 characters, we describe herein a new L2 sublineage from 20 isolates found in the Tochigi province, (Japan), that we designate as asia ancestral 5 (AAnc5). These isolates harbour a number of specific criteria (42 SNPs) and their intra-cluster pairwise distance suggests historical and not epidemiological transmission. These isolates harbour a mutation in rpoC, and do not fulfil, any of the modern Beijing lineage criteria, nor any of the other ancestral Beijing lineages described so far. Asia ancestral 5 isolates do not possess mutT2 58 and ogt 12 characteristics of modern Beijing, but possess ancestral Beijing SNPs characteristics. By looking into the literature, we found a reference isolate ID381, described in Kobe and Osaka belonging to the ‘G3’ group, sharing 36 out of the 42 specific SNPs found in AAnc5. We also assessed the intermediate position of the asia ancestral 4 (AAnc4) sublineage recently described in Thailand and propose an improved classification of the L2 that now includes AAnc4 and AAnc5. By increasing the recruitment into TB-Annotator to around 3000 genomes (including 642 belonging to L2), we confirmed our results and discovered additional historical ancestral L2 branches that remain to be investigated in more detail. We also present, in addition, some anthropological and historical data from Chinese and Japan history of tuberculosis, as well as from Korea, that could support our results on L2 evolution. This study shows that the reconstruction of the early history of tuberculosis in Asia is likely to reveal complex patterns since its emergence.
Congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia in the paediatric emergency department
Authors: Memon Danyal , Larkin Elizabeth , Varghese Mathew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCongenital junctional ectopic tachycardia is a rare but serious cardiac arrhythmia seen in neonates and young infants. It is frequently resistant and refractory to first-line treatment options such as cardioversion with adenosine and direct current shock, and it carries a high morbidity and mortality rate. The aim of this article is to present the case of congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia observed in a 14-day-old neonate, highlighting the role of ivabradine in the management, followed by a discussion about current approaches to treatment.
AI: Coming of age?
Authors: Maynard Trevor , Baldassarre Luca , de Montjoye Yves-Alexandre , McFall Liz , Óskarsdóttir María 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAI has had many summers and winters. Proponents have overpromised, and there has been hype and disappointment. In recent years, however, we have watched with awe, surprise, and hope at the successes: Better than human capabilities of image-recognition; winning at Go; useful chatbots that seem to understand your needs; recommendation algorithms harvesting the wisdom of crowds. And with this success comes the spectre of danger. Machine behaviours that embed the worst of human prejudice and biases; techniques trying to exploit human weaknesses to skew elections or prompt self-harming behaviours. Are we seeing a perfect storm of social media, sensor technologies, new algorithms and edge computing? With this backdrop: is AI coming of age?
Wedge‐Shaped Southern Indian Continental Margin Without Proper Weakness Hinders Subduction Initiation
Authors: Zhong Xinyi , Li Zhong‐Hai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe closure of a subduction zone with continental terrane collision and accretion is generally thought to be followed by the initiation of a new subduction zone in the neighboring oceanic plate, which is suggested to happen repeatedly during the evolution of Tethyan system. Although the Indian‐Asian continental collision has occurred for >50 Myrs, there is still no clear sign for subduction initiation (SI) of the northern Indian oceanic plate, which is a puzzling issue and requires further investigations. This problem is studied here by systematic 3‐D thermo‐mechanical numerical models with a constant stress boundary condition. The model results indicate that the lack of proper weak zones at passive continental margin plays a critical role in hindering the collapse and SI of the northern Indian oceanic plate. In addition, the wedge‐shaped southern Indian continental margin provides an additional resistance for the SI. However, the strain localization with shortening of the Tibetan Plateau does not have a significant effect on the SI of Indian oceanic plate in the current models, which requires further studies with wider Tibetan plate. The numerical results explain why no SI has occurred in the northern Indian Ocean with pushing from the high gravitational potential energy of the uplifted Tibetan Plateau and seafloor spreading in the Northern Indian Ocean, and further predict that the future SI is more likely to occur in the northwestern Indian Ocean than the northeastern region due to continuous counterclockwise rotation of the Indian Continent.
Increasing Winter Ocean‐to‐Ice Heat Flux in the Beaufort Gyre Region, Arctic Ocean Over 2006–2018
Authors: Zhong Wenli , Cole Sylvia T. , Zhang Jinlun , Lei Ruibo , Steele Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOcean‐to‐ice heat flux (OHF) is important in regulating the variability of sea ice mass balance. Using surface drifting buoy observations, we show that during winter in the Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre region, OHF increased from 0.76 ± 0.05 W/m2 over 2006–2012 to 1.63 ± 0.08 W/m2 over 2013–2018. We find that this is a result of thinner and less‐compact sea ice that promotes enhanced winter ice growth, stronger ocean vertical convection, and subsurface heat entrainment. In contrast, Ekman upwelling declined over the study period, suggesting it had a secondary contribution to OHF changes. The enhanced ice growth creates a cooler, saltier, and deeper ocean surface mixed layer. In addition, the enhanced vertical temperature gradient near the mixed layer base in later years favors stronger entrainment of subsurface heat. OHF and its increase during 2006–2018 were not geographically uniform, with hot spots found in an upwelling region where ice was most seasonally variable.
Normal‐ and Reversed‐Boomerang Stripes on Electron Pitch Angle Distributions: Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Effect
Authors: Zhao X. X. , Zong Q.‐G. , Liu J. J. , Yue Chao , Zhou X.‐Z. , Hao Y. X. , Chen X. R. , Klimushkin D. Yu. , Rubtsov A. V. , Blake J. B. , Claudepierre S. G. , Reeves G. D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the inner magnetosphere dominated by the dipole magnetic field, energetic electrons of 90° pitch angle drift faster than those of other pitch angles. Electron flux oscillations initiated by injections or drift resonances will be observed earlier at a 90° pitch angle, that is, 90°‐leading boomerang‐shaped stripes on pitch angle distributions(PADs) are expected. In this work, reversed‐boomerang stripes (90° observed last) are first reported from the observations of RBSP‐A at L‐shell ∼5.9 on 11 March 2016. The corresponding solar wind dynamic pressure is over 10 nPa, which suggests that strong compression on the magnetosphere changes the magnetic field and drift frequencies of energetic electrons. Test particles running in an image‐dipole magnetic field (off‐equatorial minima exists at dayside large L‐shell) reproduce the abnormal (90° slower) drift velocities at L‐shell >5.8 but are normal at L‐shell <4.5 dominated by a dipole field. Normal boomerang stripes on PADs are indeed observed by RBSP‐B at L‐shell ∼4.0, indicating the solar wind dynamic pressure effect.