bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus‐1 low‐level viremia and its impact on virological and immunological outcomes: A retrospective cohort study in Beijing, China
Authors: Bai Ruojing , Lv Shiyun , Hua Wei , Su Bin , Wang Sen , Shao Ying , Li Zaicun , Liu An , Sun Lijun , Dai Lili 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated the impact of low‐level viremia (LLV) on virological failure and immune reconstitution among people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) treated with different antiretroviral regimens in Beijing, China.MethodsHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1‐positive adults who were registered at an infectious disease hospital in Beijing between January 1, 2005 and January 1, 2020 were administered antiretroviral therapy (ART) and whose viral load and CD4 counts were monitored were included in this retrospective cohort study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with LLV in patients on different ART regimens. Cox proportional hazard model was employed to analyze the virological suppression and immune reconstitution cumulative probability in patients with LLV during follow‐up.ResultsA total of 10 124 HIV‐1‐infected participants was included. LLV occurred in 723 (8.2%), 204 (10.9%), 133 (8.6%), and 53 (14.4%) patients on first‐line ART, second‐line ART, third‐line ART, and simplified regimens, respectively. Virological failure occurred in 514 (5.8%), 289 (15.5%), 86 (5.5%), and 34 (9.2%) patients on first‐line ART, second‐line ART, third‐line ART, and simplified regimens, respectively. Earlier enrollment, lower baseline CD4 count, and higher baseline viral load were risk factors associated with LLV. LLV was related to increased hazards of virological failure compared to viral suppression of ≤50 copies/ml for those on first‐line ART.ConclusionsThe risk of virological failure and poor immune reconstitution increases when LLV occurs. Targeted viral load and CD4 count monitoring are recommended for people living with HIV‐1 with LLV to improve health‐related outcomes.
Unsettling the migration and development narrative. A Latin American critical perspective
Authors: Delgado Wise Raúl 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe efforts to build an institutional framework for the governance of migration followed a complex and uncertain route. Since 2006, these efforts—which culminated in the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Secure Migration in 2018—focused on the relationship between migration and development in an attempt to avoid the negative connotations surrounding human mobility, particularly across the North‐South divide. At the heart of the debates is an attempt to reconcile two irreconcilable positions: a human‐rights centred approach and the securitization question which reaffirms the right of states to criminalize migrants under the façade of the right of states to control “illegal” migration. The aim of this paper is to delve into these issues by upsetting the migration and development hegemonic narrative from an alternative perspective rooted in the critical Latin American development school of thought.
Associations between psychiatric polygenic risk scores and general and specific psychopathology symptoms in childhood and adolescence between and within dizygotic twin pairs
Authors: Chen Cen , Lu Yi , Lundström Sebastian , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Pettersson Erik 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundAlthough polygenic risk scores (PRS) predict psychiatric problems, these associations might be attributable to indirect pathways including population stratification, assortative mating, or dynastic effects (mediation via parental environments). The goal of this study was to examine whether PRS‐psychiatric symptom associations were attributable to indirect versus direct pathways.MethodsThe sample consisted of 3,907 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs. In childhood, their parents rated them on 98 symptoms. In adolescence (n = 2,393 DZ pairs), both the parents and the twins rated themselves on 20 symptoms. We extracted one general and seven specific factors from the childhood data, and one general and three specific factors from the adolescent data. We then regressed each general factor model onto ten psychiatric PRS simultaneously. We first conducted the regressions between individuals (β) and then within DZ twin pairs (βw), which controls for indirect pathways.ResultsIn childhood, the PRS for ADHD predicted general psychopathology (β = 0.09, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.12]; βw = 0.07 [0.01, 0.12]). Furthermore, the PRS for ADHD predicted specific inattention (β = 0.04 [0.00, 0.08]; βw = 0.09 [0.01, 0.17]) and specific hyperactivity (β = 0.07 [0.04, 0.11]; βw = 0.09 [0.01, 0.16]); the PRS for schizophrenia predicted specific learning (β = 0.08 [0.03, 0.13]; βw = 0.19 [0.08, 0.30]) and specific inattention problems (β = 0.05 [0.01, 0.09]; βw = 0.10 [0.02, 0.19]); and the PRS for neuroticism predicted specific anxiety (β = 0.06 [0.02, 0.10]; βw = 0.06 [0.00, 0.12]). Overall, the PRS‐general factor associations were similar between individuals and within twin pairs, whereas the PRS‐specific factors associations amplified by 84% within pairs.ConclusionsThis implies that PRS‐psychiatric symptom associations did not appear attributable to indirect pathways such as population stratification, assortative mating, or mediation via parental environments. Rather, genetics appeared to directly influence symptomatology.
Non‐laboratory‐based risk assessment model for case detection of diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes in primary care
Authors: Dong Weinan , Tse Tsui Yee Emily , Mak Lynn Ivy , Wong Carlos King Ho , Wan Yuk Fai Eric , Tang Ho Man Eric , Chin Weng Yee , Bedford Laura Elizabeth , Yu Yee Tak Esther , Ko Wai Kit Welchie , Chao Vai Kiong David , Tan Choon Beng Kathryn , Lam Lo Kuen Cindy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionMore than half of diabetes mellitus (DM) and pre‐diabetes (pre‐DM) cases remain undiagnosed, while existing risk assessment models are limited by focusing on diabetes mellitus only (omitting pre‐DM) and often lack lifestyle factors such as sleep. This study aimed to develop a non‐laboratory risk assessment model to detect undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults.MethodsBased on a population‐representative dataset, 1,857 participants aged 18–84 years without self‐reported diabetes mellitus, pre‐diabetes mellitus, and other major chronic diseases were included. The outcome was defined as a newly detected diabetes mellitus or pre‐diabetes by a blood test. The risk models were developed using logistic regression (LR) and interpretable machine learning (ML) methods. Models were validated using area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC), precision‐recall curve (AUC‐PR), and calibration plots. Two existing diabetes mellitus risk models were included for comparison.ResultsThe prevalence of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes mellitus was 15.08%. In addition to known risk factors (age, BMI, WHR, SBP, waist circumference, and smoking status), we found that sleep duration, and vigorous recreational activity time were also significant risk factors of diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes mellitus. Both LR (AUC‐ROC = 0.812, AUC‐PR = 0.448) and ML models (AUC‐ROC = 0.822, AUC‐PR = 0.496) performed well in the validation sample with the ML model showing better discrimination and calibration. The performance of the models was better than the two existing models.ConclusionsSleep duration and vigorous recreational activity time are modifiable risk factors of diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes in Chinese adults. Non‐laboratory‐based risk assessment models that incorporate these lifestyle factors can enhance case detection of diabetes mellitus and pre‐diabetes.
Assessing the Impact of Equating Error on Group Means and Group Mean Differences
Authors: Li Dongmei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEquating error is usually small relative to the magnitude of measurement error, but it could be one of the major sources of error contributing to mean scores of large groups in educational measurement, such as the year‐to‐year state mean score fluctuations. Though testing programs may routinely calculate the standard error of equating (SEE), the commonly used summary statistics of SEE are not direct quantifications of the impact of equating error on group means. This article proposed summary statistics that directly quantify the impact of equating error on group means or group mean differences and provided empirical and analytical methods to estimate these statistics. Examples based on empirical data were used to illustrate practical applications of these statistics.
Marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate endocrowns fabricated using conventional, digital, and combination techniques
Authors: Abduljawad Danyh Emad , Rayyan Mohammad Ramadan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the marginal and internal adaptation of endocrowns produced using conventional technique, digital technique, and combination (cast digitization) techniques using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT).Materials and MethodsTen freshly extracted human mandibular molar teeth were prepared for all‐ceramic endocrowns. A total of 40 Lithium Disilicate (IPS e.max) endocrowns were fabricated and grouped according to the impression and production technique to four groups: Group (CO): Conventional impression/heat pressed endocrowns (n = 10), Group (CAD): Direct scanning of teeth/CAD‐CAM endocrowns (n = 10), Group (COMIO): Combination; Cast digitization using Intraoral scanner/CAD‐CAM endocrowns (n = 10), Group (COML): Combination; Cast digitization using laboratory scanner/CAD‐CAM endocrowns (n = 10). Micro‐computed tomography was used to measure the marginal and internal gaps in 11 predetermined sites. Mean marginal and internal gaps were compared using analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc test.ResultsCO, CAD, COMIO, and COML groups showed significant differences in the mean marginal gap (150 ± 35 μm, 120 ± 27 μm, 110 ± 24 μm, 120 ± 29 μm, respectively p = 0.013), gap at line angle (280 ± 70 μm, 130 ± 37 μm, 140 ± 54 μm, 130 ± 33 μm, respectively, p < 0.001), gap at cavity wall (210 ± 76 μm, 140 ± 43 μm, 140 ± 52 μm, 150 ± 44 μm, respectively, p = 0.010) and gap at pulpal floor (500 ± 150 μm, 240 ± 58 μm, 260 ± 59 μm, 240 ± 64 μm, respectively, p < 0.001).ConclusionDigitally fabricated endocrowns showed superior marginal and internal fit compared to the conventionally fabricated endocrowns.Clinical SignificanceMarginal and internal adaptation are detrimental factors for the success and survival of dental restorations including endocrowns. When compared with the conventional impressions and conventional production techniques, Digital workflow is more predictable and reliable as it reduces errors and improves the accuracy of fit.
Evidence of multiple paternity for the endemic Xingu River stingray
Authors: Torres Yan , Charvet Patricia , Faria Vicente V. , de Castro Andrey L. F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultiple paternity (MP) is a phenomenon observed for more than 30 elasmobranch species. The Batoidea is more specious than the Selachii, but only three studies of MP have been conducted on batoids. The occurrence of MP in freshwater stingrays was tested using microsatellite markers, which were developed for Potamotrygon leopoldi. Six mothers and their litters were genotyped, providing the first evidence of MP for Potamotrygonidae, with an MP frequency of 33%.
Potentials of3Dextrusion‐based printing in resolving food processing challenges: A perspective review
Authors: Agunbiade Adedoyin O. , Song Lijun , Agunbiade Olufemi J. , Ofoedu Chigozie E. , Chacha James S. , Duguma Haile T. , Hossaini Sayed Mahdi , Rasaq Waheed A. , Shorstkii Ivan , Osuji Chijioke M. , Owuamanam Clifford I. , Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R. , Korzeniowska Małgorzata , Guine Raquel P. F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing has promising application potentials in improving food product manufacturing, increasingly helping in simplifying the supply chain, as well as expanding the utilization of food materials. To further understand the current situation of 3D food printing in providing food engineering solutions with customized design, the authors checked recently conducted reviews and considered the extrusion‐based type to deserve additional literature synthesis. In this perspective review, therefore, we scoped the potentials of 3D extrusion‐based printing in resolving food processing challenges. The evolving trends of 3D food printing technologies, fundamentals of extrusion processes, food printer, and printing enhancement, (extrusion) food systems, algorithm development, and associated food rheological properties were discussed. The (extrusion) mechanism in 3D food printing involving some essentials for material flow and configuration, its uniqueness, suitability, and printability to food materials, (food material) types in the extrusion‐based (3D food printing), together with essential food properties and their dynamics were also discussed. Additionally, some bottlenecks/concerns still applicable to extrusion‐based 3D food printing were brainstormed. Developing enhanced calibrating techniques for 3D printing materials, and designing better methods of integrating data will help improve the algorithmic representations of printed foods. Rheological complexities associated with the extrusion‐based 3D food printing require both industry and researchers to work together so as to tackle the (rheological) shifts that make (food) materials unsuitable.Practical ApplicationsAs a processing technology with digital additive manufacturing methodology, 3D food printing over the decades has evolved greatly with the extrusion‐based type increasingly studied. This perspective review scoped the potentials of 3D extrusion‐based printing in resolving food processing challenges. In this work, we demonstrated how this extrusion‐based technique increasingly contributes to situate the 3D food printing as among innovative technologies with an upscale dimension. To fully embrace the extrusion‐based 3D printing, the food industry needs to primarily understand the potentials this technology would provide in enhancing food material properties/types.
Mass modeling of strawberry (Fragaria × Ananasa) based on selected physical attributes
Authors: Birania Sapna , Attkan Arun Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Kumar Nitin , Singh Vijay Kumar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrawberry (Fragaria × ananasa) is one of the most popular soft and delicious fruits used as such or for flavor production. In this study, different physical characteristics such as dimensions, weight, volume, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, and projected areas were determined and the prediction of mass based on these physical characteristics was done, using five models: linear, quadratic, power, S‐curve, and logarithmic of different size grades (large, medium, and small) and ungraded fruits. The results showed that the mass modeling of ungraded fruits resulted in the best model fitting as compared to the graded fruits. The linear model (M = −2.874 + 0.001 V) based on the actual volume of ungraded fruits was the best‐fitted model, having the highest R2 value of 0.996 for the prediction of mass of strawberry. Among all the graded fruits, the most appropriate model was linearly based (M = −2.45 + 0.001 V) on the actual volume of the large size strawberry with an R2 value of 0.984. The results showed that the models based on the actual volume were the most appropriate models in both graded and ungraded fruits.Practical ApplicationsFruit grading based on mass is an important feature of packaging since it reduces the handling wastage and transport resources by improving packaging formations and also optimizes the marketability of products. Fruits of uniform size, shape, and weight are generally preferred by consumers. Horticultural crops are usually graded based on size, appearance, and weight. Fruit mass is generally used as a grading parameter in automatic graders because of its accuracy and effectiveness of the operation. Thus, the study directed the mass modeling of strawberry fruit based on some selected engineering properties so that the results can be used to develop a precise automatic grading system for fruit grading based on the mutual approach of mass and size of the fruit. This paper makes available information about the interaction between the mass of the fruit and its axial dimensions, volume, and projected area.
OsMAPK6 phosphorylates a zinc finger protein OsLIC to promote downstream OsWRKY30 for rice resistance to bacterial blight and leaf streak
Authors: Wang Lihan , Chen Jie , Zhao Yuqin , Wang Shiping , Yuan Meng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRice OsLIC encoding a CCCH zinc finger transcription factor plays an important role in immunity. However, the immune signaling pathways that OsLIC‐involved and the underlying mechanisms that OsLIC‐conferred resistance against pathogens are largely unclear. Here, we show that OsLIC, as a substrate for OsMAPK6, negatively regulates resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) by directly suppressing OsWRKY30 transcription. Biochemical assays showed that OsLIC bound to OsWRKY30 promoter and suppressed its transcription. Genetic assays confirmed that the osilc knockout mutants and OsWRKY30‐overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced resistance to Xoo and Xoc, knocking out OsWRKY30 in the oslic mutants attenuated the resistance against bacterial pathogens. OsMAPK6 physically interacted with and phosphorylated OsLIC leading to decreased OsLIC DNA‐binding activity, therefore, overexpression of OsLIC partially suppressed OsMAPK6‐mediated rice resistance. In addition, both OsMAPK6‐phosphorylated activation of OsLIC and phosphorylation‐mimic OsLIC5D had reduced DNA‐binding activity towards OsWRKY30 promoter, thereby promoting OsWRKY30 transcription. Collectively, these results reveal that OsMAPK6‐mediated phosphorylation of OsLIC positively regulates rice resistance to Xoo and Xoc by modulating OsWRKY30 transcription, suggesting that OsMAPK6‐OsLIC‐OsWRKY30 module is an immune signaling pathway in response to the bacterial pathogens.
A multi‐technique study of corrosion products at the steel–concrete interface under two exposure conditions
Authors: Zhang Zhidong , Studer Patrick , Angst Ueli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSteel corrosion can cause serious damage to reinforced concrete structures. This study employed multiple techniques, including SEM/BSE, EDX and Raman spectroscopy, to analyse the distribution and mineral composition of corrosion products (rusts) in corroded reinforced cementitious materials under two conditions, namely, chloride‐induced corrosion and accelerated corrosion in carbonated mortar. Results showed that corrosion products tend to precipitate in large pore spaces close to the steel bar, such as the bleed water zones and voids. Corrosion products initially grew on the walls of these large pores and then the interior was filled with needle‐like products gradually. In carbonated mortar, the length of some corrosion layers matches well the size of the coarse aggregate close to the steel. The main phases that were identified based on Roman spectra are magnetite and maghemite (after samples were exposed to atmosphere). Siderite was observed in carbonated mortars, which is not commonly found under natural conditions.
Energetic demands of lactation produce an increase in the expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area of the rat despite a reduction in circulating ghrelin
Authors: Wellman Martin , Budin Radek , Woodside Barbara , Abizaid Alfonso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLactating rats show changes in the secretion of hormones and brain signals that promote hyperphagia and facilitate the production of milk. Little is known, however, about the role of ghrelin in the mechanisms sustaining lactational hyperphagia. Here, we used Wistar female rats that underwent surgery to sever the galactophores to prevent milk delivery (GC rats) and decrease the energetic drain of milk delivery. We compared plasma acyl‐ghrelin concentrations and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) mRNA expression in different brain regions of GC rats with those of sham operated lactating and nonlactating rats. Additional lactating and nonlactating rats were implanted with cannulae aimed at the lateral ventricles and were used to compare feeding responses to central ghrelin or GHSR antagonist infusions to those of nonlactating rats receiving similar infusions on day 14–16 postpartum (pp). Results show lower plasma acyl‐ghrelin concentrations on day 15 pp sham operated lactating rats compared to GC or nonlactating rats. These changes occur in association with increased GHSR mRNA expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of sham operated lactating rats. Despite lactational hyperphagia, infusions of ghrelin (0.25 or 1 μg) resulted in similar increases in food intake in lactating and nonlactating rats. In addition, infusions of the GHSR antagonist JMV3002 (4 μg in 1 μl of vehicle) produced greater suppression of food intake in lactating rats than in nonlactating rats. These data suggest that, despite lower plasma ghrelin, the energetic drain of lactation increases sensitivity to the orexigenic effects of ghrelin in brain regions important for food intake and energy balance, and these events are associated with lactational hyperphagia.
Decreased dysmenorrhea pain in girls by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers following supplementation with oleoylethanolamide: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kazemi Mahnaz , Lalooha Fatemeh , Nooshabadi Mohamadreza Rashidi , Haghighian Hossein Khadem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the oleoylethanolamide (OEA) effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in girls with primary dysmenorrhea.MethodsThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was done on population consisted of female students who had dysmenorrhea pain based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire. Patients were randomly allocated to groups consuming a capsule containing 125 mg of OEA per day (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) for 2 months. The severity of the pain, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. In this study, SPSS software was used to analyze the data.ResultsAccording to the results, oral supplementation with OEA for 60 days significantly increased TAC (p = 0.022) and decreased the menstrual pain (p = 0.040), MDA (p = 0.011), CRP (p = 0.01), and TNF‐α (p = 0.038) compared to the placebo group. Also, intragroup changes were statistically significant on the mean of pain (p = 0.042), TAC (p = 0.032), MDA (p = 0.023), CRP (p = 0.027), and TNF‐α (p = 0.029) at the end of the study in the intervention group. Changes in the studied factors at the end of the study compared to the beginning of the study in the placebo group were not statistically significant.ConclusionConsidering the reducing effects of OEA on menstrual pain, using of this supplement can be introduced as an alternative medicine to reduce the use of anti‐inflammatory drugs.