bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy and autophagy‐related molecules in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Dou Changsong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ling , Qin Chuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutophagy is one of the degradation pathways to remove proteins or damaged organelles in cells that plays an important role in neuroprotection. Different stages of autophagy are regulated by autophagy‐related genes, and many molecules such as transcription factor EB (TFEB) are involved. The complete autophagy process plays an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of autophagy and is crucial to the homeostasis of intracellular substance and energy metabolism. Autophagy balance is disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases, accounting for a variety of degeneration disorders. These impairments can be alleviated or treated by the regulation of autophagy through molecules such as TFEB.
All‐Optical Generation of Multifunctional and Tunable Longitudinal Magnetization Textures
Authors: Zhou Zhilong , Liu Xiaofei , Nie Zhongquan , Lin Han , Guo Chunsheng , Jia Baohua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn all‐optical strategy for creating multifunctional and tunable longitudinal magnetization textures is demonstrated. This is realized by flexibly engineering the coherent interferences of two counter‐propagating azimuthally polarized vortex beams possessing on‐demand phase and amplitude encoding in a 4π optical microscopic setup. In doing so, one can access not only the regular longitudinal magnetization patterns including bright spheroid/needle, dark cage/channel, and bright‐dark alternating chain/comb, but also the exotic twisted counterparts with controllable number of turns, thereby making versatile magnetization on the targeted magneto‐optical media with integrated footprint possible. The presented research findings may hold tremendous potential in multidimensional high density and low energy consumption optomagnetic storage and photonics of spin, and beyond.
Construction of pH‐responsive core crosslinked micelles via thiol‐yne click reaction
Authors: Niu Yile , Lu Yanbing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolycarbonate‐based micelles possessed enormous potential for hydrophobic drug delivery. To improve micelle stability and prevent premature leakage during blood circulation, photo‐induced thiol‐yne click reaction was utilized to construct polycarbonate‐based core crosslinked micelles (CCLMs), which avoided the use of toxic copper catalyst. The introduced β‐thiopropionate linkage in the core was demonstrated to endow the CCLMs with pH‐responsiveness. The obtained CCLMs showed good dilution stability against DMF and water. Further MTT assays demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity of the CCLMs in HeLa/MCF‐7 cells. Moreover, DOX‐encapsulated CCLMs showed good anticancer effects and excellent internalization efficiency in HeLa cells. The pH‐responsive polycarbonate‐based CCLMs by thiol‐yne click reaction have potential used as smart delivery systems for controlled drug release.
Covalent organic framework‐poly(acrylic acid)‐modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) ultrafiltration membranes towards enhanced antifouling properties and low hydrophilic material leaching
Authors: Xu Wentao , Zhuang Huaqiang , Chen Wenjie , Liu Wei , Pan Xiaoyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe hydrophilicity is acknowledged critically to raise anti‐fouling of membranes conferring a leaching problem over a prolonged operation. To decrease the leaching of hydrophilic material in modified membranes, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes is herein presented using covalent organic framework (COF)‐poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) modifier via PAA‐catalyzed in‐situ COF synthesis method. The modified PVDF membrane with an optimized COF‐PAA content showed higher water flux (95 L/m2 h), greater bovine serum albumin rejection, and superior antifouling properties to sodium alginate (95% FRR values). The stability test conducted on COF‐PAA‐modified PVDF membrane gave a lower leaching rate of PAA than that of the PAA‐modified counterpart. The membrane containing COF‐PAA compared with the COF‐free counterpart showed a smaller water contact angle down to 55°. The morphologies of the COF‐modified membranes and the COF‐free counterpart studied with scanning electron microscope found that the COF in tight bonding to PAA was homogeneously bonded to the membrane surface. The surface modification contributes to greater stability and anti‐fouling properties of the membrane. The enhanced properties can associate with the reduced pore size of PVDF membrane via in‐situ COF synthesis using the catalyst PAA. This work provides a novel strategy towards the further development of efficient composite membranes with enhanced antifouling properties and water flux.
Bio‐based glycerol plasticizers for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) blends
Authors: Halloran Matthew W. , Nicell Jim A. , Leask Richard L. , Marić Milan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of glycerol‐based compounds were investigated for their application as plasticizers for flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blends. The effect of plasticizer chemical structure on the performance, migration behavior, and blend morphology were evaluated and compared to blends produced using the commercial plasticizer dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP). Blends containing 40 phr (parts per hundred rubber) of glycerol‐based plasticizer showed a considerable reduction (between 54 to 86°C) in glass transition temperature (Tg) relative to neat PVC (Tg ~ 80°C). Tensile testing of samples prepared with the glycerol analogs demonstrated higher ductility (elongation at break values of up to 97%) than DOTP (elongation at break value of 75%) at identical plasticizer loadings. The surface morphologies showed excellent incorporation of the glycerol plasticizers functionalized with alkyl chains longer than four carbons in length into the PVC matrix, whereas droplet formation was observed in blends with shorter chain glycerol derivatives. Leaching behavior of the plasticized samples were evaluated into different media and showed that plasticizers comprised of branched, or longer alkyl chains produced 2‐ to 4‐fold lower migration rates compared to those with shorter alkyl chains into polar solutions.
A polysulfide radical anions scavenging binder achieves long‐life lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Chengdong , Ma Yue , Du Xiaofan , Zhang Huanrui , Xu Gaojie , Cui Guanglei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFast capacity decay caused by the polysulfide shuttle is the primary cause to impede the practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The polysulfide shuttle involves the evolution of polysulfide dianions (Li2Sx, x = 3–8) and radical anions (Sn•–) during the charge‐discharge process. Despite good efforts have been made to suppress polysulfide shuttle, the electrolyte depletion caused by the attack of polysulfide radical anions, which results in rapid battery aging, has been almost ignored. To address this challenge, based on a two‐prolonged design philosophy, we demonstrate a polylysine‐derived cathode binder with a free radical‐scavenging function, lipoic acid‐grafted ε‐polylysine (EPL‐g‐Lipo), where abundant amide and amine groups in the ε‐polylysine component possess a high polysulfide affinity, while lipoic acid motifs offer an excellent polysulfide radical anions‐scavenging ability. As a result, Li–S batteries with EPL‐g‐Lipo binder display superior cycling stability to poly(vinylpyrrolidone) binder‐based counterparts, mainly ascribed to its powerful shuttle suppression effect and free radicals scavenging ability. This study states the importance of designing multifunctional binders for performance improvements of Li–S batteries.
Gene amplification‐driven RNA methyltransferase KIAA1429 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating BTG2 via m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chang , Sun Qi , Zhang Xu , Qin Na , Pu Zhening , Gu Yayun , Yan Caiwang , Zhu Meng , Dai Juncheng , Wang Cheng , Li Ni , Jin Guangfu , Ma Hongxia , Hu Zhibin , Zhang Erbao , Tan Fengwei , Shen Hongbing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpigenetic alterations have been shown to contribute immensely to human carcinogenesis. Dynamic and reversible N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification regulates gene expression and cell fate. However, the reasons for activation of KIAA1429 (also known as VIRMA, an RNA methyltransferase) and its underlying mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to clarify the oncogenic role of KIAA1429 in the tumorigenesis of LUAD.MethodsWhole‐genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of LUAD data were used to analyze the gene amplification of RNA methyltransferase. The in vitro and in vivo functions of KIAA1429 were investigated. Transcriptome sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq), m6A dot blot assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to confirm the modified gene mediated by KIAA1429. RNA stability assays were used to detect the half‐life of the target gene.ResultsCopy number amplification drove higher expression of KIAA1429 in LUAD, which was correlated with poor overall survival. Manipulating the expression of KIAA1429 could regulate the proliferation and metastasis of LUAD. Mechanistically, the target genes of KIAA1429‐mediated m6A modification were confirmed by transcriptome sequencing and MeRIP‐seq assays. We also revealed that KIAA1429 could regulate BTG2 expression in an m6A‐dependent manner. Knockdown of KIAA1429 significantly decreased the m6A levels of BTG2 mRNA, leading to enhanced YTH m6A RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2, the m6A “reader”)‐dependent BTG2 mRNA stability and promoted the expression of BTG2; thus, participating in the tumorigenesis of LUAD.ConclusionsOur data revealed the activation mechanism and important role of KIAA1429 in LUAD tumorigenesis, which may provide a novel view on the targeted molecular therapy of LUAD.
Genetic risk, metabolic syndrome, and gastrointestinal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yaqian , Yan Caiwang , Yin Shuangshuang , Wang Tianpei , Zhu Meng , Liu Li , Jin Guangfu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a surrogate indicator for unhealthy lifestyles, and a number of genetic loci, but the combined effect of MetS and genetic variants on GI cancer risk is uncertain.MethodsWe included 430,036 participants with available MetS and genotype data from UK Biobank. During the follow‐up time, 5494 incident GI cancer cases, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, were identified. We created a GI polygenic risk score (GI‐PRS) for overall GI cancer derived from three site‐specific cancer PRSs. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the associations of MetS and GI‐PRS with the risk of GI cancer.ResultsMetS was significantly associated with 28% increment in GI cancer risk (hazard ratio [HR]MetS vs. non‐MetS: 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.35, p < 0.0001), whereas a high GI‐PRS (top quintile) was associated with 2.28‐fold increase in risk (HRhigh vs. low: 2.28, 95% CI: 2.09–2.49, p < 0.0001). Compared with participants without MetS and at low genetic risk (bottom quintile of GI‐PRS), those with MetS and at high genetic risk had 2.75‐fold increase in GI cancer risk (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 2.43–3.12, p < 0.0001). Additionally, MetS in comparison with no MetS had 1.49‰, 2.75‰, and 3.37‰ absolute risk increases in 5 years among participants at low, intermediate (quintiles 2–4 of GI‐PRS) and high genetic risk, respectively, representing the number of subjects diagnosed as MetS causing a new GI cancer case in 5 years were 669, 364, and 296, respectively.ConclusionsMetabolic and genetic factors may jointly contribute to GI cancer risk and may serve as predictors by quantitative measurements to identify high‐risk populations of GI cancer for precise prevention.
Assessment on the Stable and High‐Capacity Na−Se Batteries with Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Erdol Zeynep , Ata Ali , Demir‐Cakan Rezan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFactors affecting proper functioning of Na−Se system are investigated focusing on the polyselenide formation in ether‐ and carbonate‐based electrolytes. To do so, Se cathode is prepared by ball milling with commercial carbon and selenium powders. It is revealed that the soluble polyselenide species form in ether while no signature in carbonates proven by the in‐situ cyclic voltammetry and ex‐situ ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy measurements as well as monitoring self‐discharge behaviours. Different Se discharge mechanism is also highlighted by staircase potentio electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SPEIS) that is an impedance measurement applied to each potential step. Volume expansion is targeted using different types of binders in which carboxyl methylcellulose‐styrene butadiene rubber (CMC‐SBR) delivers the highest reversible capacity and the best rate performance resulting from its high adhesion strength. To further improve the performances, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is used as a film forming additive that preserves Na metal integrity proven by the Na−Na symmetric cells and voltage relaxation upon cycling. As a whole, binders and electrolyte compositions are found to be the two crucial factors to obtain stable and high‐capacity Na−Se cells. This study underlines that much effort needs to be put on the strategies to overcome volume expansion than that of Se confinement into porous cathode.
A unified finite volume framework for phase‐field simulations of an arbitrary number of fluid phases
Authors: Bagheri Milad , Stumpf Bastian , Roisman Ilia V. , Dadvand Abdolrahman , Wörner Martin , Marschall Holger 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile the phase‐field methodology is widely adopted for simulating two‐phase flows, the simulation of an arbitrary number (N ≥ 2) of fluid phases at physical fidelity is non‐trivial and requires special attention concerning mathematical modelling, numerical discretization, and solution algorithm. We present our most recent work with a focus on validation for multiple immiscible, incompressible, and isothermal phases, enhancing further our library for diffuse interface phase‐field interface capturing methods in OpenFOAM (FOAM‐extend 4.0/4.1). The phase‐field method is an energetic variational formulation based on the work of Cahn and Hilliard where the interface is composed of a physical diffuse layer resembling realistic interfaces. The evolution of the phases is then governed by the minimization of the free energy of the system. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated for a number of test problems, including a floating liquid lens, bubble rise in two stratified layers, and drop impact onto thin liquid film.
A new analytical model to predict heavy oil production rate in the SAGD process
Authors: Sabeti Morteza , Cheperli Ali , Rahimbakhsh Aria , Torabi Farshid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn analytical model for predicting the oil production rate in the steam‐assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process is presented in this article. The suggested correlation is found based on Butler's original work. It considers the most effective parameters of the process that emphasize the influence of gravity drainage and that are grouped together in the form of the Rayleigh's number. The present model introduces three coefficients (i, j, and k) into the equation, which are determined by minimizing an objective function based on the difference between the six experimental SAGD datasets and the calculated results. The tool chosen for the minimization is the genetic algorithm (GA). After the initial evaluation, the same approach is used for other reservoir characteristics to ensure the robustness of the new equation. Having considered various simulation outcomes with an average error of 8.9% makes this model a credible one for predicting the SAGD production rates. The novelty of the new predictive model lies within its unique approach, making it quite fast and applicable to a wide range of reservoirs with low associated estimation inaccuracies.
Genetic correlations between switchgrass performance in sward conditions and surrogate measures
Authors: Tilhou Neal W. , Casler Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) breeders use spaced‐seedling plots for evaluations of biomass yield, but prior studies are ambiguous about the relationship between performance in spaced plots and commercial seeded sward performance. This study used a split‐plot incomplete block design to evaluate 52 half‐sib switchgrass families across two years to determine the correlations among four different plot types (including seeded swards) and four individual plant traits. Plots (1.62 m2) that contained 3, 6, and 18 plants had mean yields of 5.92, 8.04, and 11.06 Mg ha–1, respectively, while seeded‐sward plots had a mean of 5.37 Mg ha–1. In a mixed‐model analysis including family‐, year‐, and plot‐type interactions with a spatial‐spline correction, the largest proportion of family variance was accounted for by the main family effect (48%), while the plot type‐by‐family effect was only 17% of family variance. These results indicate that spaced‐plant plots are reasonable surrogates for biomass performance in sward conditions. Yield reliability was 0.50 across all plot types with a mean of 0.46 for individual plot types. Surrogates for sward yield varied due to genetic background of the families. Yield of families derived from the Liberty cultivar (n = 32) had genetic correlations with winter survivorship scores (0.66). Diverse lowland ecotype families (n = 20) had genetic correlations with plant height and heading date. This study highlighted a major difference in performance among the plot types, specifically that seeded swards have depressed yield due to high plant density. This should encourage further research for the mechanism behind this difference in performance.
Diagnostic utility of flow cytometry in identifying histiocytic sarcoma—A case report
Authors: Kushwaha Pritika , Singh Meeta , Datwani Sneha , Mallya Varuna , Singh Sarika , Aggarwal Sunita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHistiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a malignant neoplasm of hematopoietic origin. It is an exceedingly rare and aggressive malignancy commonly seen in adults. Diagnosis is difficult owing to lack of specific clinical manifestations with the absence of precursor lesions or causative agents. Hence, it primarily relies on histopathological morphology combined with immunohistochemistry, which is time‐consuming, hence resulting in delayed treatment. However, diagnostic utility of flow cytometry is not well established in this. We report a case of a 45‐year‐old man who presented with right axillary lymphadenopathy for 1 month. FNAC was performed on the axillary lymph node, which showed large, atypical lymphoid/histiocyte‐like cells. On flow cytometry, these cells were CD64+, CD11c+, and CD45+ suggesting histiocytic sarcoma. Similar morphology was seen on incisional biopsy. On immunohistochemistry, the cells were negative for B and T cell markers, PAX5, EMA, CK, ALK, and CD1a and expressed CD68, S100, and CD11c. A diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma was made. Hence, flow cytometry can be a highly effective and powerful tool for the early detection of HS and can help in prompt treatment, given its aggressive clinical course and low survival interval.
Continental shelves as detrital mixers: U–Pb and Lu–Hf detrital zircon provenance of the Pleistocene–Holocene Bering Sea and its margins
Authors: Malkowski Matthew A. , Johnstone Samuel A. , Sharman Glenn R. , White Colin J. , Scheirer Daniel S. , Barth Ginger A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractContinental shelves serve as critical transfer zones in sediment routing systems, linking the terrestrial erosional and deep‐water depositional domains. The degree to which clastic sediment is mixed and homogenised during transfer across broad shelves has important implications for understanding deep sea detrital records. Wide continental shelves are thought to act as capacitors characterised by transient sediment storage during sea‐level rise and sediment remobilisation during sea‐level fall. This study attempts to test the hypothesis that sea‐level lowstand yields more efficient and direct sediment transfer from fluvial sources to deep sea sinks compared to highstand when sediment is sequestered and mixed on the shelf. This hypothesis is tested by evaluating U–Pb and Lu–Hf detrital zircon provenance trends along the vast Bering Sea shelf and deep‐marine Beringian continental margin. Presented here are 5884 U–Pb ages and 402 Lu–Hf analyses from 30 samples to characterise the provenance of modern to Pleistocene sediment across the Bering Sea region. Both forward and inverse numerical mixture modelling was used to estimate the abundance of distinct fluvial sources in shelfal and deep‐water deposits. These results demonstrate that sediment in the Bering Sea is derived from a mixture of regional fluvial sources, but that the Yukon River is the primary detrital source for sediment throughout the region. Although Yukon River signatures are abundant in all basin samples, the relative proportions of Yukon River versus other sources vary spatially across the shelf. A comparison of Holocene and surficial sediment with Pleistocene deposits shows that sediment across the shelf and in the deep sea remains well‐mixed between climate states. Thus, detrital provenance signatures in deep‐marine deposits outward of broad transfer zones are likely to represent mixtures of fluvial sources regardless of sea level.
Separating climate change and vegetation dynamics contributions to soil drying over drylands of China: A case study in the West Liao River Basin
Authors: Bai Meng , Mo Xingguo , Mo Shuhong , Feng Jianmin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSignificant soil drying has been reported in the semi‐arid Three‐North Region of China since the 1980s, yet its dominant drivers and the potential effects on dryland ecosystems are still poorly documented. In this work, the improved Vegetation Interface Processes (VIP) model was employed to characterize the spatio‐temporal pattern of the root‐zone soil moisture (RZSM) from 1982 to 2015 over the West Liao River Basin (WLRB). Results showed that RZSM decreased in most parts of the WLRB along with precipitation decline and vegetation greening. Sensitivities of RZSM to climate and vegetation dynamics exhibited obvious spatial and seasonal heterogeneity. Averaged over the whole basin, sensitivity of RZSM to precipitation (SP) is the highest. Significant seasonal differences were found in the sensitivity of RZSM to leaf area index (LAI) (SLAI). SLAI values in spring and autumn were generally negative throughout the WLRB, but prominent positive SLAI values were observed in the north‐west forest in summer, owing to the increased drier‐and‐browner associations in summer induced by the earlier spring greenness. Attribution analysis showed that relative contributions of precipitation, air temperature and LAI changes to the growing‐season RZSM (RZSMGS) drying trend were 69.0%, 17.5% and 13.5 %, respectively. It can be inferred that precipitation decrease dominated the soil drying over the WLRB, while air warming and vegetation greening accelerated this drying. In a future warming scenario without substantial increase in water use efficiency (WUE), dryland ecosystems might suffer more severe biomass losses caused by complex soil–vegetation–atmosphere interactions. This study can improve our understanding of the terrestrial–atmospheric feedbacks and their possible effects on dryland ecosystems.