bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel microbiome signatures for non‐invasive diagnosis of adenoma recurrence after colonoscopic polypectomy
Authors: Liang Jessie Qiaoyi , Zeng Yao , Kwok Grace , Cheung Chun Pan , Suen Bing Yee , Ching Jessica Y. L. , To Ka Fai , Yu Jun , Chan Francis K. L. , Ng Siew Chien 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundWe previously reported a panel of novel faecal microbiome gene markers for diagnosis of colorectal adenoma and cancer.AimTo evaluate whether these markers are useful in detecting adenoma recurrence after polypectomy.MethodsSubjects were enrolled in a polyp surveillance study from 2009 to 2019. Stool samples were collected before bowel preparation of index colonoscopy (baseline) and surveillance colonoscopy (follow‐up). Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Lachnoclostridium marker (m3), Clostridium hathewayi (Ch) and Bacteroides clarus were quantified in baseline and follow‐up samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to correlate with adenoma recurrence. Recurrence was defined as new adenomas detected >6 months after polypectomy. Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) was performed for comparison.ResultsA total of 161 baseline and 104 follow‐up samples were analysed. Among patients with adenoma recurrence, Fn and m3 increased (both P < 0.05) while Ch were unchanged in follow‐up versus baseline samples. Among patients without recurrence, Fn and m3 were unchanged while Ch decreased (P < 0.05) in follow‐up versus baseline samples. Logistic regression that included changes of m3, Fn and Ch at follow‐up compared with baseline achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.84‐0.99) with 90.0% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity for detecting recurrent adenoma. Combination of m3, Fn and Ch at follow‐up sample achieved AUROC of 0.74 (95%CI: 0.65‐0.82) with 81.3% sensitivity and 55.4% specificity for detecting recurrent adenoma. FIT showed limited sensitivity (8.3%) in detecting recurrent adenomas.ConclusionOur combinations of faecal microbiome gene markers can be potentially useful non‐invasive tools for detecting adenoma recurrence.
Component with abundant immune‐related cells in combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma identified by cluster analysis
Authors: Yagi Naoki , Suzuki Toshihiro , Mizuno Shoichi , Kojima Motohiro , Kudo Masashi , Sugimoto Motokazu , Kobayashi Shin , Gotohda Naoto , Ishii Genichiro , Nakatsura Tetsuya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCombined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA) is a heterogeneous tumor sharing histological features with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of cHCC‐CCA is unclear. We compared the TIME of cHCC‐CCA with that of HCC and iCCA. Twenty‐three patients with cHCC‐CCA after hepatectomy were evaluated in this study. Twenty‐three patients with iCCA and HCC were also included. iCCA was matched for size, and HCC was matched for size and hepatitis virus infection with cHCC‐CCA. Immune‐related cells among the iCCA‐component of cHCC‐CCA (C‐com), HCC‐component of cHCC‐CCA (H‐com), iCCA, and HCC were assessed using multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Among C‐com, H‐com, iCCA, and HCC, multiple comparisons and cluster analysis with k‐nearest neighbor algorithms were performed using immunological variables. Although HCC had more T lymphocytes and lower PD‐L1 expression than iCCA (P < 0.05), there were no significant differences in immunological variables between C‐com and H‐com. C‐com tended to have more T lymphocytes than iCCA (P = 0.09), and C‐com and H‐com had fewer macrophages than HCC (P < 0.05). In cluster analysis, all samples were classified into two clusters: one cluster had more immune‐related cells than the other, and 12 of 23 H‐com and eight of 23 C‐com were identified in this cluster. The TIME of C‐com and H‐com may be similar, and some immunological features in these components were different from those in HCC and some iCCA. Cluster analysis identified components with abundant immune‐related cells in cHCC‐iCCA.
Contextual predictors of child fatality and near fatality cases due to abuse and neglect
Authors: Garcia Antonio R. , Ibekwe‐Okafor Nneka , Wasch Sarah , Kim Minseop 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLittle is known about what factors predict fatality and near fatality (NF) involving child maltreatment and if predictors differ between them. Analyses of cases in 2017 and 2018 in one Mid‐Atlantic state revealed that prior child welfare history and prevalence of risk factors, such as substance abuse, mental illness, interpersonal violence, chronic abuse, incarceration, sibling injuries, and unstable housing did not differ between fatality and NF cases. Logistic regression revealed fatalities decreased by 78% if victims received Emergency Room treatment. Findings underscore the need to train providers about risk factors and to develop interventions that increase utilisation of medical services.
Multiple cases of sensitization to an antiseptic containing chlorhexidine digluconate/benzalkonium chloride/benzyl alcohol with different profiles of sensitization in adults and children
Authors: Beaumont Charlotte , Darrigade Anne‐Sophie , Barbaud Annick , Collet Evelyne , Raison‐Peyron Nadia , Bourrain Jean‐Luc , Assier Haudrey , Giordano‐Labadie Françoise , Bara‐Passot Corina , Milpied Brigitte , Tétart Florence , Armingaud Pierre , Castelain Florence , Benkalfate Lamia , Boulard Claire , Delaunay Juliette , Mathelier‐Fusade Pascale , Pecquet Catherine , Pralong Pauline , Vital‐Durand Dominique , Genillier Foin Nathalie , Lefèvre Marine‐Alexia , Hacard Florence , Nosbaum Audrey , Pasteur Justine , Valois Aude , Vigan Martine , Ferrier le Bouëdec Marie‐Christine ,   REVIDAL‐GERDA Network
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn aqueous antiseptic containing “chlorhexidine digluconate/benzalkonium chloride/benzyl alcohol” (CBB) is widely used in France. The only previous documented study dealing with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to this antiseptic is one small case series in children. The French Vigilance Network for Dermatology and Allergy (REVIDAL‐GERDA) has collected many cases in the last few years.ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical and sensitization profiles of patients diagnosed with ACD to CBB.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of patients with contact dermatitis to CBB and positive tests to CBB and/or at least one of its components. All patients had to be tested with all components of CBB.ResultsA total of 102 patients (71 adults and 31 children) were included. The lesions were extensive in 63% of patients and 55% had delayed time to diagnosis. CBB patch tests were positive in 93.8% of cases. The allergen was identified in 97% of patients, mainly benzyl alcohol in adults (81.7%) and chlorhexidine digluconate in children (54.8%). About 32.4% of the patients were sensitized to several components.ConclusionCBB is a cause of ACD at all ages. The components of the antiseptic should be tested. The sensitization profile seems to be different between adults and children.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations of berotralstat for prophylactic treatment of attacks of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Mathis Amanda , Sale Mark , Cornpropst Melanie , Sheridan William P. , Ma Shu Chin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling of the skin, larynx, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, and extremities that can be disruptive to patient quality of life. Dysregulation of plasma kallikrein activity leads to increased production and accumulation of bradykinin in HAE and causes attacks of angioedema. Plasma kallikrein is a serine protease essential for the formation of bradykinin. Berotralstat is a potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable small‐molecule plasma kallikrein inhibitor that has been approved to prevent attacks of HAE in adults and children 12 years of age and older. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were conducted to describe the PK of berotralstat (BCX7353; Orladeyo™) and to evaluate the covariates that may explain variability in PK. The PK of berotralstat were characterized by population PK modeling of data from 13 clinical studies and a total of 771 healthy subjects and patients with HAE. The PK profile was well described by a three‐compartment model with first‐order absorption including an absorption lag time and linear elimination. Among the covariates tested, the effects of bilirubin and food were found not to be clinically significant and were removed from the model. Covariate analysis indicated significant effects of dose on bioavailability and weight on berotralstat clearance and volume. Despite the covariate effect of weight, simulations in adolescents and adults who were underweight, low weight, and overweight demonstrated similar predicted exposures to those observed at therapeutic doses in a clinical trial. Therefore, no dose adjustment is required in these HAE patient subpopulations.
International sanctions and development: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean (1950–2019)
Authors: González Fernando A I 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines the impact of international sanctions on the economic development of sanctioned countries in the Latin American and Caribbean regions over seven decades (1950–2019). The estimates arise from a two‐way fixed effects model that combines data from the Global Sanctions Database and the World Development Indicators Database to examine outcomes in terms of economic growth, income inequality, and the incidence and gap of poverty. The findings confirm a significant worsening of development in sanctioned countries. This includes lower growth (−0.6 percentage points) and higher inequality (+1.5 Gini coefficient points). Reduced investment as well as reduced access to credit in the private sector are the mechanisms through which the above effects take place. The results are robust to multiple specifications and have important implications for international sanctions policies. If the sanctioning country seeks to minimise the consequences for the poorest in the sanctioned country, military sanctions appear to be the most appropriate, while if the objective is to maximise these consequences, sanctions on mobility are optimal.
Dynamic efficiency and economic complexity
Authors: Moreno‐Casas Vicente , Bagus Philipp 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article deals with the link between complexity economics and the Austrian concept of dynamic efficiency. The conventional notion of efficiency used in economic science, regarded as static in this article, is rejected for being incompatible with complexity economics in epistemic terms. The concept of dynamic efficiency is thus presented as an alternative definition of efficiency, given its epistemic and theoretical similarities with complexity economics; more concretely, with Santa Fe complexity. Consequently, a direct, causal relationship between economic complexity and dynamic efficiency is highlighted. This relationship is confirmed in light of recent applications of both dynamic efficiency theory and complexity economics to the study of economic development. Finally, it is pointed out that economic complexity and dynamic efficiency can be combined to improve our understanding of the development process.
ARTICULATE: A European glossary of terms used in oral health professional education
Authors: Davies Julia R. , Field James , Dixon Jonathan , Manzanares‐Cespedes Maria‐Cristina , Vital Sibylle , Paganelli Corrado , Akota Ilze , Quinn Barry , Roger‐Leroi Valerie , Murphy Denis , Gerber Gabor , Tubert‐Jeannin Stephanie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Erasmus+O‐Health‐EDU project aims to gain a comprehensive view of oral health professional (OHP) education in Europe, through the development of web‐based surveys and online toolkits. A glossary to facilitate a common language through which academic teams could cooperate and communicate more accurately was identified as a key need within the project. The aim of ARTICULATE was thus to create a shared language, with a European focus, for terms and concepts used in the field of OHP education.MethodsThe methodology was developed from those published for construction of other glossaries with a circular and iterative process: the creation of content and definitions by a group of experts in OHP education, the testing of “fitness for purpose” of the content, and stakeholder consultation. All creation steps were followed by refinements based on testing results and stakeholder comments. The final glossary was then launched as an online resource including a built‐in mechanism for user feedback.ResultsThe scope and structure of the glossary were mapped out at a workshop with 12 dental education experts from 7 European countries. A total of 328 terms were identified, of which 171 were finally included in ARTICULATE. After piloting with a close group of other colleagues, the glossary was opened for external input. Thirty European Deans or Heads of Education assessed the definition of each term as “clear” or “not clear.” A total of 86 definitions were described as “clear” by all individuals. Terms deemed unclear by at least one individual were revisited and changes made to 37 of the definitions. In conjunction with the launch of the glossary, a range of stakeholder organisations were informed and asked to participate in an open global consultation by providing feedback online. Since its launch in June 2021, the ARTICULATE website (https://o‐health‐edu.org/articulate) has had an average of 500 visits/month. To promote community ownership, forms embedded on the ARTICULATE webpage allow users to give feedback and suggest new terms. A standing taskforce will meet regularly to consider amendments and make changes to ensure that the glossary remains a relevant and up‐to‐date resource over time.ConclusionARTICULATE is a unique, evolving, online glossary of terms relating to OHP education, created as a resource for all interested OHP educators. The glossary is a key output of the O‐Health‐Edu project, which relies on a comprehensive vision of OHP education to address the future oral health needs of the European population.
Seizure activity triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic pathways
Authors: Canet Geoffrey , Zub Emma , Zussy Charleine , Hernandez Célia , Blaquiere Marine , Garcia Valentin , Vitalis Mathieu , deBock Frederic , Moreno‐Montano Maria , Audinat Etienne , Desrumaux Catherine , Planel Emmanuel , Givalois Laurent , Marchi Nicola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough epilepsies and neurodegenerative disorders show pathophysiological similarities, their direct functional associations are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that experimental seizures can induce tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic modifications over time, with intersections with neuroinflammation.MethodsWe used a model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) where unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in C57BL/6 mice elicits epileptogenesis and spontaneous focal seizures. We used a model of generalized status epilepticus (SE) obtained by intraperitoneal KA injection in C57BL/6 mice. We performed analyses and cross‐comparisons according to a schedule of 72 h, 1 week, and 8 weeks after KA injection.ResultsIn experimental MTLE, we show AT100, PHF1, and CP13 tau hyperphosphorylation during epileptogenesis (72 h–1 week) and long‐term (8 weeks) during spontaneous seizures in the ipsilateral hippocampi, the epileptogenic zone. These pathological modifications extended to the contralateral hippocampus, a seizure propagating zone with no histological lesion or sclerosis. Two kinases, Cdk5 and GSK3β, implicated in the pathological phosphorylation of tau, were activated. In this MTLE model, the induction of the amyloidogenic pathway (APP, C99, BACE1) was prominent and long‐lasting in the epileptogenic zone. These Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐relevant markers, established during seizure progression and recurrence, reciprocated an enduring glial (GFAP, Iba1) inflammation and the inadequate activation of the endogenous, anti‐inflammatory, glucocorticoid receptor system. By contrast, a generalized SE episode provoked a predominantly transient induction of tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic markers in the hippocampus, along with resolving inflammation. Finally, we identified overlapping profiles of long‐term hippocampal tau hyperphosphorylation by comparing MTLE to J20 mice, the latter a model relevant to AD.SignificanceMTLE and a generalized SE prompt persistent and varying tau hyperphosphorylation or amyloidogenic modifications in the hippocampus. In MTLE, an AD‐relevant molecular trajectory intertwines with neuroinflammation, spatiotemporally involving epileptogenic and nonlesional seizure propagating zones.
Bank bailouts, bail‐ins, or no regulatory intervention? A dynamic model and empirical tests of optimal regulation and implications for future crises
Authors: Berger Allen N. , Himmelberg Charles P. , Roman Raluca A. , Tsyplakov Sergey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe model dynamic bank capital structure under three optimally‐designed regulatory regimes for dealing with potential default—bailout, in which the government provides capital; bail‐in, which the private‐sector provides needed funds; and no regulatory intervention, allowing the institutions to fail. Only under the optimally‐designed bail‐in regime do banks recapitalize during times of distress. Their pre‐commitment to recapitalize reduces debt costs and increases debt capacity. No regulatory intervention is suboptimal for all agents. Optimal bailouts and bail‐ins both generate no asset substitution‐moral hazard behavior under optimal policies in which regulators intervene at early stages of distress. Empirical tests of changes in capital behavior from the pre‐Global Financial Crisis bailout period to the post‐crisis bail‐in period corroborate the model's predictions.
Environmental filtering drives assembly of diatom communities over evolutionary time‐scales
Authors: Jovanovska Elena , Hauffe Torsten , Stelbrink Björn , Cvetkoska Aleksandra , Levkov Zlatko , Wagner Bernd , Lacey Jack H. , Ognjanova‐Rumenova Nadja , Hamilton Paul B. , Brandenburg Karen M. , Albrecht Christian , Wilke Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimEcological communities are structured through the interplay of deterministic assembly processes such as competition and environmental filtering. Whereas the drivers of spatial community structure are frequently studied in extant communities, little is known about the relative importance of assembly processes in response to environmental factors over evolutionary time‐scales. Here, we use an integrative framework to unravel community assembly processes since the inception of a long‐lived lake ecosystem.LocationLake Ohrid.Time periodFrom lake formation 1.36 million years ago to the present.Major taxa studiedPlanktonic diatoms.MethodsWe constructed a dated phylogeny of extant and extinct diatoms and collected trait data for 380 fossil communities to quantify phylogenetic community structure and functional richness and to determine the relative importance of deterministic assembly processes over time. We then used regression analysis to correlate the phylogenetic community structure with palaeoenvironmental and intrinsic biological predictors and to identify primary drivers of assembly processes.ResultsOur results suggest a dense packing of niche space with higher species richness and co‐occurrence of closely related species. There are only two short episodes in the very recent past dominated by distantly related taxa. We found distinct changes in phylogenetic community structure upon speciation or extinction events and an increase in mean community relatedness over time.Main conclusionsOur finding of closely related co‐occurring species implies environmental filtering as the primary assembly mechanism, with a minor but increasingly important role of competition towards the present, driven by evolutionary dynamics. Such an increase in the relative contribution of competition to the assembly of communities in relation to the aging of an insular ecosystem, together with a denser packing of morphospace in the early phase of system ontogeny is compatible with ecological predictions according to the theory of island biogeography.
Novel clinical algorithm for hypothalamic obesity in youth with brain tumours and factors associated with excess weight gain
Authors: Rydin Amy A. , Severn Cameron , Pyle Laura , Dorris Kathleen , Chambers Christina , Stiller Debra , Hankinson Todd C. , Inge Thomas , Haemer Matthew A. , Mirsky David M. , Moore Jaime , Kelsey Megan M. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundA standardized approach for identifying and treating hypothalamic obesity (HO) in children with hypothalamic tumours is lacking.ObjectivesTo describe children with hypothalamic tumours at risk for obesity, assess outcomes of a novel HO clinical algorithm, and identify factors associated with weight gain.MethodsRetrospective analysis of youth with hypothalamic and suprasellar tumours, seen at a paediatric tertiary care centre from 2010 to 2020.ResultsThe study cohort (n = 130, 50% female, median age at diagnosis 5 [range 0–17]y) had a median duration of follow up of 5 (0.03–17)y. At last recorded body mass index (BMI) measurement, 34% had obesity, including 17% with severe obesity. Median onset of overweight and obesity after diagnosis was 6.2 (0.3–134) and 8.9 (0.7–65) months, respectively. After algorithm implementation (n = 13), the proportion that had an early dietitian visit (within 6 months) increased from 36% to 54%, (p = 0.498) and weight management referrals increased from 51% to 83% (p = 0.286). Higher BMI z‐score at diagnosis was associated with overweight and obesity development (p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with hypothalamic tumours commonly develop obesity. Use of a clinical algorithm may expedite recognition of HO. Further research is needed to identify predictors of weight gain and to develop effective treatment.