bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underwater wireless communication via TENG-generated Maxwell’s displacement current
Authors: Zhao Hongfa , Xu Minyi , Shu Mingrui , An Jie , Ding Wenbo , Liu Xiangyu , Wang Siyuan , Zhao Cong , Yu Hongyong , Wang Hao , Wang Chuan , Fu Xianping , Pan Xinxiang , Xie Guangming , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderwater communication is a critical and challenging issue, on account of the complex underwater environment. This study introduces an underwater wireless communication approach via Maxwell’s displacement current generated by a triboelectric nanogenerator. Underwater electric field can be generated through a wire connected to a triboelectric nanogenerator, while current signal can be inducted in an underwater receiver certain distance away. The received current signals are basically immune to disturbances from salinity, turbidity and submerged obstacles. Even after passing through a 100 m long spiral water pipe, the electric signals are not distorted in waveform. By modulating and demodulating the current signals generated by a sound driven triboelectric nanogenerator, texts and images can be transmitted in a water tank at 16 bits/s. An underwater lighting system is operated by the triboelectric nanogenerator-based voice-activated controller wirelessly. This triboelectric nanogenerator-based approach can form the basis for an alternative wireless communication in complex underwater environments.
An in vitro model of neuronal ensembles
Authors: Rabadan M. Angeles , De La Cruz Estanislao Daniel , Rao Sneha B. , Chen Yannan , Gong Cheng , Crabtree Gregg , Xu Bin , Markx Sander , Gogos Joseph A. , Yuste Rafael , Tomer Raju 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdvances in 3D neuronal cultures, such as brain spheroids and organoids, are allowing unprecedented in vitro access to some of the molecular, cellular and developmental mechanisms underlying brain diseases. However, their efficacy in recapitulating brain network properties that encode brain function remains limited, thereby precluding development of effective in vitro models of complex brain disorders like schizophrenia. Here, we develop and characterize a Modular Neuronal Network (MoNNet) approach that recapitulates specific features of neuronal ensemble dynamics, segregated local-global network activities and a hierarchical modular organization. We utilized MoNNets for quantitative in vitro modelling of schizophrenia-related network dysfunctions caused by highly penetrant mutations in SETD1A and 22q11.2 risk loci. Furthermore, we demonstrate its utility for drug discovery by performing pharmacological rescue of alterations in neuronal ensembles stability and global network synchrony. MoNNets allow in vitro modelling of brain diseases for investigating the underlying neuronal network mechanisms and systematic drug discovery.
Ultrafast self-heating synthesis of robust heterogeneous nanocarbides for high current density hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Chenyu , Wang Zhijie , Liu Mingda , Wang Enze , Wang Bolun , Xu Longlong , Jiang Kaili , Fan Shoushan , Sun Yinghui , Li Jia , Liu Kai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDesigning cost-effective and high-efficiency catalysts to electrolyze water is an effective way of producing hydrogen. Practical applications require highly active and stable hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts working at high current densities (≥1000 mA cm−2). However, it is challenging to simultaneously enhance the catalytic activity and interface stability of these catalysts. Herein, we report a rapid, energy-saving, and self-heating method to synthesize high-efficiency Mo2C/MoC/carbon nanotube hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts by ultrafast heating and cooling. The experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that numerous Mo2C/MoC hetero-interfaces offer abundant active sites with a moderate hydrogen adsorption free energy ΔGH* (0.02 eV), and strong chemical bonding between the Mo2C/MoC catalysts and carbon nanotube heater/electrode significantly enhances the mechanical stability owing to instantaneous high temperature. As a result, the Mo2C/MoC/carbon nanotube catalyst achieves low overpotentials of 233 and 255 mV at 1000 and 1500 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, respectively, and the overpotential shows only a slight change after working at 1000 mA cm−2 for 14 days, suggesting the excellent activity and stability of the high-current-density hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst. The promising activity, excellent stability, and high productivity of our catalyst can fulfil the demands of hydrogen production in various applications.
Sacituzumab govitecan as second-line treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer—phase 3 ASCENT study subanalysis
Authors: Carey Lisa A. , Loirat Delphine , Punie Kevin , Bardia Aditya , Diéras Véronique , Dalenc Florence , Diamond Jennifer R. , Fontaine Christel , Wang Grace , Rugo Hope S. , Hurvitz Sara A. , Kalinsky Kevin , O’Shaughnessy Joyce , Loibl Sibylle , Gianni Luca , Piccart Martine , Zhu Yanni , Delaney Rosemary , Phan See , Cortés Javier 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who relapse early after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy have more aggressive disease. In the ASCENT trial, sacituzumab govitecan (SG), an antibody-drug conjugate composed of an anti-Trop–2 antibody coupled to SN-38 via a hydrolyzable linker, improved outcomes over single-agent chemotherapy of physician’s choice (TPC) in metastatic TNBC (mTNBC). Of 468 patients without known baseline brain metastases, 33/235 vs 32/233 patients (both 14%) in the SG vs TPC arms, respectively, received one line of therapy in the metastatic setting and experienced disease recurrence ≤12 months after (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. SG prolonged progression-free survival (median 5.7 vs 1.5 months [HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22–0.76]) and overall survival (median 10.9 vs 4.9 months [HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.91]) vs TPC, with a manageable safety profile in this subgroup consistent with the overall population. In this second-line setting, as with later-line therapy, SG improved survival over conventional chemotherapy for patients with mTNBC.
Generalized Wilson loop method for nonlinear light-matter interaction
Authors: Wang Hua , Tang Xiuyu , Xu Haowei , Li Ju , Qian Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNonlinear light–matter interaction, as the core of ultrafast optics, bulk photovoltaics, nonlinear optical sensing and imaging, and efficient generation of entangled photons, has been traditionally studied by first-principles theoretical methods with the sum-over-states approach. However, this indirect method often suffers from the divergence at band degeneracy and optical zeros as well as convergence issues and high computation costs when summing over the states. Here, using shift vector and shift current conductivity tensor as an example, we present a gauge-invariant generalized approach for efficient and direct calculations of nonlinear optical responses by representing interband Berry curvature, quantum metric, and shift vector in a generalized Wilson loop. This generalized Wilson loop method avoids the above cumbersome challenges and allows for easy implementation and efficient calculations. More importantly, the Wilson loop representation provides a succinct geometric interpretation of nonlinear optical processes and responses based on quantum geometric tensors and quantum geometric potentials and can be readily applied to studying other excited-state responses.
Explainable machine learning for precise fatigue crack tip detection
Authors: Melching David , Strohmann Tobias , Requena Guillermo , Breitbarth Eric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractData-driven models based on deep learning have led to tremendous breakthroughs in classical computer vision tasks and have recently made their way into natural sciences. However, the absence of domain knowledge in their inherent design significantly hinders the understanding and acceptance of these models. Nevertheless, explainability is crucial to justify the use of deep learning tools in safety-relevant applications such as aircraft component design, service and inspection. In this work, we train convolutional neural networks for crack tip detection in fatigue crack growth experiments using full-field displacement data obtained by digital image correlation. For this, we introduce the novel architecture ParallelNets—a network which combines segmentation and regression of the crack tip coordinates—and compare it with a classical U-Net-based architecture. Aiming for explainability, we use the Grad-CAM interpretability method to visualize the neural attention of several models. Attention heatmaps show that ParallelNets is able to focus on physically relevant areas like the crack tip field, which explains its superior performance in terms of accuracy, robustness, and stability.
Metagenomics to characterize sediment microbial biodiversity associated with fishing exposure within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
Authors: Bruce Spencer A. , Aytur Semra A. , Andam Cheryl P. , Bucci John P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrobes in marine sediments constitute a large percentage of the global marine ecosystem and function to maintain a healthy food web. In continental shelf habitats such as the Gulf of Maine (GoM), relatively little is known of the microbial community abundance, biodiversity, and natural product potential. This report is the first to provide a time-series assessment (2017–2020) of the sediment microbial structure in areas open and closed to fishing within the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS). A whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) approach was used to characterize the sediment microbial community. Taxonomic abundance was calculated across seven geographic sites with 14 individual sediment samples collected during the summer and fall seasons. Bioinformatics analyses identified more than 5900 different species across multiple years. Non-metric multidimensional scaling methods and generalized linear models demonstrated that species richness was inversely associated with fishing exposure levels and varied by year. Additionally, the discovery of 12 unique biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) collected across sites confirmed the potential for medically relevant natural product discovery in the SBNMS. This study provides a practical assessment of how fishing exposure and temporal trends may affect microbial community structure in a coastal marine sanctuary.
Functional and morphologic dysfunctions in the airways of rats submitted to an experimental model of obesity-exacerbated asthma
Authors: Ferreira Sarah Rebeca Dantas , Pessoa Rayane Fernandes , Figueiredo Indyra Alencar Duarte , Lima João Pedro Moura , de Moura Thayna Maria Costa Fernandes , Bezerra Cleyton Oliveira , de Oliveira Martins Alissa Maria , de Carvalho Leila Moreira , Madruga Marta Suely , Cavalcante Hassler Clementino , de Souza Aquino Jailane , de Brito Alves José Luiz , Alves Adriano Francisco , Vasconcelos Luiz Henrique César , de Andrade Cavalcante Fabiana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe obesity-exacerbated asthma phenotype is characterized by more severe asthma symptoms and glucocorticoid resistance. The aim of this study was to standardize an obesity-exacerbated asthma model by a high glycemic level index (HGLI) diet and ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenges in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into groups: control (Ctrl), obese (Ob), asthmatic (Asth), obese asthmatic (Ob + Asth) and obese asthmatic treated with dexamethasone (Ob + Asth + Dexa), and in vivo and in vitro functional and morphological parameters were measured. After HGLI consumption, there was an increase in body weight, fasting blood glucose, abdominal circumferences, body mass index and adiposity index. Respiratory function showed a reduction in pulmonary tidal volume and ventilation. In isolated tracheas, carbachol showed an increase in contractile efficacy in the Ob, Ob + Asth and Ob + Asth + Dexa, but mostly on Ob + Asth. Histological analysis of lungs showed peribronchovascular inflammation and smooth muscle hypertrophy and extracellular remodeling on Ob + Asth and Ob + Asth + Dexa. An obesity-exacerbated asthma model was successfully established. Therefore, this model allows further molecular investigations and the search for new therapies for the treatment and relief of symptoms of patients with obesity-induced resistant asthma.
DNA databases of an important tropical timber tree species Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) for forensic timber identification
Authors: Ng Chin Hong , Ng Kevin Kit Siong , Lee Soon Leong , Zakaria Nurul-Farhanah , Lee Chai Ting , Tnah Lee Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInternational timber trade communities are increasingly demanding that timber in the wood supply chain be sourced from sustainably harvested forests and certified plantations. This is to combat illegal logging activities to prevent further depletion of our precious forests worldwide. Hence, timber tracking tools are important to support law enforcement officials in ensuring only sustainably harvested timbers are traded in the market. In this study, we developed chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) databases as tracking tools for an important tropical timber tree species, Shorealeprosula from Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 1410 individual trees were sampled from 44 natural populations throughout Peninsular Malaysia. Four cpDNA regions were used to generate a cpDNA haplotype database, resulting in a haplotype map comprising 22 unique haplotypes derived from 28 informative intraspecific variable sites. This cpDNA database can be used to trace the origin of an unknown log at the regional level. Ten SSR loci were used to develop the SSR allele frequency database. Bayesian cluster analysis divided the 44 populations into two genetic clusters corresponding to Region A and Region B. Based on conservativeness evaluation of the SSR databases for individual identification, the coancestry coefficients (θ) were adjusted to 0.1900 and 0.1500 for Region A and B, respectively. These databases are useful tools to complement existing timber tracking systems in ensuring only legally sourced timbers are allowed to enter the wood supply chain.
Factors associated to the duration of COVID-19 lockdowns in Chile
Authors: Pavani Jessica , Cerda Jaime , Gutiérrez Luis , Varas Inés , Gutiérrez Iván , Jofré Leonardo , Ortiz Oscar , Arriagada Gabriel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuring the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have implemented non-pharmacologic measures, mainly lockdowns and social distancing, to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These strategies varied widely across nations, and their efficacy is currently being studied. This study explores demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological factors associated with the duration of lockdowns applied in Chile between March 25th and December 25th, 2020. Joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data were used. In this case, the number of days under lockdown for each Chilean commune and longitudinal information were modeled jointly. Our results indicate that overcrowding, number of active cases, and positivity index are significantly associated with the duration of lockdowns, being identified as risk factors for longer lockdown duration. In short, joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data permit the identification of factors associated with the duration of lockdowns in Chile. Indeed, our findings suggest that demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological factors should be used to define both entering and exiting lockdown.
Pan-cancer analysis of genomic scar patterns caused by homologous repair deficiency (HRD)
Authors: Rempel E. , Kluck K. , Beck S. , Ourailidis I. , Kazdal D. , Neumann O. , Volckmar A. L. , Kirchner M. , Goldschmid H. , Pfarr N. , Weichert W. , Hübschmann D. , Fröhling S. , Sutter C. , Schaaf C. P. , Schirmacher P. , Endris V. , Stenzinger A. , Budczies J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHomologous repair deficiency (HRD) is present in many cancer types at variable prevalence and can indicate response to platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. We developed a tumor classification system based on the loss of function of genes in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. To this end, somatic and germline alterations inBRCA1/2and 140 other HRR genes were included and assessed for the impact on gene function. Additionally, information on the allelic hit type and onBRCA1promoter hypermethylation was included. The HRDsum score including LOH, LST, and TAI was calculated for 8847 tumors of the TCGA cohort starting from genotyping data and for the subcohort of ovarian cancer also starting from WES data. Pan-cancer, deleteriousBRCA1/2alterations were detected in 4% of the tumors, while 18% of the tumors were HRD-positive (HRDsum ≥ 42). Across 33 cancer types, bothBRCA1/2alterations and HRD-positivity were most prevalent in ovarian cancer (20% and 69%). Pan-cancer, tumors with biallelic deleterious alterations inBRCA1/2were separated strongly from tumors without relevant alterations (AUC = 0.89), while separation for tumors with monoallelic deleteriousBRCA1/2alterations was weak (AUC = 0.53). Tumors with biallelic deleterious alterations in other HHR genes were separated moderately from tumors without relevant alterations (AUC = 0.63), while separation for tumors with such monoallelic alterations was weaker (AUC = 0.57). In ovarian cancer, HRDsum scores calculated from WES data correlated strongly with HRDsum scores calculated from genotyping data (R = 0.87) and were slightly (4%) higher. We comprehensively analyzed HRD scores and their association with mutations in HRR genes in common cancer types. Our study identifies important parameters influencing HRD measurement and argues for an integration of HRDsum score with specific mutational profiles.
Larix species range dynamics in Siberia since the Last Glacial captured from sedimentary ancient DNA
Authors: Schulte Luise , Meucci Stefano , Stoof-Leichsenring Kathleen R. , Heitkam Tony , Schmidt Nicola , von Hippel Barbara , Andreev Andrei A. , Diekmann Bernhard , Biskaborn Boris K. , Wagner Bernd , Melles Martin , Pestryakova Lyudmila A. , Alsos Inger G. , Clarke Charlotte , Krutovsky Konstantin V. , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change is expected to cause major shifts in boreal forests which are in vast areas of Siberia dominated by two species of the deciduous needle tree larch (Larix). The species differ markedly in their ecosystem functions, thus shifts in their respective ranges are of global relevance. However, drivers of species distribution are not well understood, in part because paleoecological data at species level are lacking. This study tracks Larix species distribution in time and space using target enrichment on sedimentary ancient DNA extracts from eight lakes across Siberia. We discovered that Larix sibirica, presently dominating in western Siberia, likely migrated to its northern distribution area only in the Holocene at around 10,000 years before present (ka BP), and had a much wider eastern distribution around 33 ka BP. Samples dated to the Last Glacial Maximum (around 21 ka BP), consistently show genotypes of L. gmelinii. Our results suggest climate as a strong determinant of species distribution in Larix and provide temporal and spatial data for species projection in a changing climate.
Biophysical mechanism underlying compensatory preservation of neural synchrony over the adult lifespan
Authors: Pathak Anagh , Sharma Vivek , Roy Dipanjan , Banerjee Arpan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose that the preservation of functional integration, estimated from measures of neural synchrony, is a key objective of neurocompensatory mechanisms associated with healthy human ageing. To support this proposal, we demonstrate how phase-locking at the peak alpha frequency in Magnetoencephalography recordings remains invariant over the lifespan in a large cohort of human participants, aged 18-88 years. Using empirically derived connection topologies from diffusion tensor imaging data, we create an in-silico model of whole-brain alpha dynamics. We show that enhancing inter-areal coupling can cancel the effect of increased axonal transmission delays associated with age-related degeneration of white matter tracts, albeit at slower network frequencies. By deriving analytical solutions for simplified connection topologies, we further establish the theoretical principles underlying compensatory network re-organization. Our findings suggest that frequency slowing with age- frequently observed in the alpha band in diverse populations- may be viewed as an epiphenomenon of the underlying compensatory mechanism.
Distinct dissociation rates of murine and human norovirus P-domain dimers suggest a role of dimer stability in virus-host interactions
Authors: Creutznacher Robert , Maass Thorben , Dülfer Jasmin , Feldmann Clara , Hartmann Veronika , Lane Miranda Sophie , Knickmann Jan , Westermann Leon Torben , Thiede Lars , Smith Thomas J. , Uetrecht Charlotte , Mallagaray Alvaro , Waudby Christopher A. , Taube Stefan , Peters Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNorovirus capsids are icosahedral particles composed of 90 dimers of the major capsid protein VP1. The C-terminus of the VP1 proteins forms a protruding (P)-domain, mediating receptor attachment, and providing a target for neutralizing antibodies. NMR and native mass spectrometry directly detect P-domain monomers in solution for murine (MNV) but not for human norovirus (HuNoV). We report that the binding of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) stabilizes MNV-1 P-domain dimers (P-dimers) and induces long-range NMR chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) within loops involved in antibody and receptor binding, likely reflecting corresponding conformational changes. Global line shape analysis of monomer and dimer cross-peaks in concentration-dependent methyl TROSY NMR spectra yields a dissociation rate constantkoffof about 1 s−1for MNV-1 P-dimers. For structurally closely related HuNoV GII.4 Saga P-dimers a value of about 10−6 s−1is obtained from ion-exchange chromatography, suggesting essential differences in the role of GCDCA as a cofactor for MNV and HuNoV infection.
Strong bulk-surface interaction dominated in-plane anisotropy of electronic structure in GaTe
Authors: Lai Kang , Ju Sailong , Zhu Hongen , Wang Hanwen , Wu Hongjian , Yang Bingjie , Zhang Enrui , Yang Ming , Li Fangsen , Cui Shengtao , Deng Xiaohui , Han Zheng , Zhu Mengjian , Dai Jiayu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, intriguing physical properties have been unraveled in anisotropic layered semiconductors, in which the in-plane electronic band structure anisotropy often originates from the low crystallographic symmetry and thus a thickness-independent character emerges. Here, we apply high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to directly image the in-plane anisotropic energy bands in monoclinic gallium telluride (GaTe). Our first-principles calculations reveal the in-plane anisotropic energy band structure of GaTe measured experimentally is dominated by a strong bulk-surface interaction rather than geometric factors, surface effect and quantum confinement effect. Furthermore, accompanied by the thickness of GaTe increasing from mono- to few-layers, the strong interlayer coupling of GaTe induces direct-indirect-direct band gap transition and the in-plane anisotropy of hole effective mass is reversed. Our results shed light on the physical origins of in-plane anisotropy of electronic structure in GaTe, providing guidance to further improving the performance of electronic and optoelectronic devices based on the layered anisotropic semiconductors.