bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants Influencing Supply Chain Compliance with Public Procurement: A Case Study for Kiambu County, Kenya.
Authors: Hunja  David Muriithi , Ndungu  Absalom Kamau 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The goal of this study was to examine the variables influencing Kenya's SCM compliance with public procurement.
Methodology: To answer the research questions, an exploratory design was used in the study. Supply chain management directors from Kiambu, Kenya's central government departments participated in the study. Respondent information was gathered through personal interviews. Structured questionnaires with both open-ended and closed-ended questions served as the tool. Quantitative approaches were used to analyze the study's data. The results were analyzed using a Likert scale and SPSS software. The cause-and-effect connection between the dependent and independent variables was ascertained using regression analysis. The information was presented using tables, graphs, and charts.
Findings: Using SPSS, the information gathered from seven of the eight respondents who were specifically targeted was analyzed and presented using tables, charts, frequencies, and percentages. 87.5 percent of those who responded did so. Compared to the predicted reply rate of 75%, this response rate was quite high. The majority of the targeted respondents returned the questionnaire, which allowed the study's goal to be met.
Conclusion: According to the respondents, the Act and regulation's wording and clarity should have been enhanced. The majority of respondents agreed that seminars and training sessions are hardly offered.
Recommendation: It is advised that PPOA supply more copies of the Act and regulation to every procurement officer in every public procurement agency based on the findings of the research. To make reading more appealing, PPOA could adopt friendlier wording in the copies.
Contribuições da pós-graduação stricto sensu para a atuação de professores coordenadores como formadores e articuladores do trabalho coletivo
Authors: Mercadante Patrícia Kelly , Cunha Renata Cristina Oliveira Barrichelo , Aguiar Thiago Borges de 
Published: December 2022

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que se insere no âmbito da discussão sobre a formação dos formadores de professores que estão envolvidos com a formação continuada nas escolas e nas redes de ensino. O objetivo da investigação foi compreender quais as contribuições da pós-graduação stricto sensu para a atuação de professoras coordenadoras como formadoras de professores e articuladoras do trabalho coletivo nas escolas. Os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio de entrevista com cinco professoras coordenadoras, pertencentes a uma rede municipal de ensino do interior do estado de São Paulo, egressas de cursos de mestrado e/ou doutorado. Esses dados foram interpretados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo. O resultado da pesquisa aponta para as seguintes contribuições da pós-graduação stricto sensu para a atuação das professoras coordenadoras: compreender-se como interlocutora dos professores na reflexão destes sobre a própria prática; ressignificação do processo formativo na articulação entre sua própria formação e sua prática como formadoras, compreendendo sua não-linearidade; compreensão da escola como lócus da relação teoria e prática; compreensão da teoria como espaço de fundamentação da prática profissional; desenvolvimento de postura investigativa; olhar a si próprio como produtora de conhecimento.
Competing Model–Nikahnamas: Muslim Women’s Spaces within the Legal Landscape in Lucknow1
Authors: Tschalaer Mengia Hong 
Published: December 2022

This paper delineates the growing women’s spaces within the legally pluralistic landscape of postcolonial India. Based on empirical data gathered in the city of Lucknow, Northern India, it explores the ways in which (i) Muslim women’s activists seek to carve out space for the creation of gender-just laws within a religious framework, and (ii) how within these women’s legal spaces, orthodox demarcations between secular and religious practice and legal authority become blurred. At the centre of my analysis are two women-friendly versions of the nikahnama (marriage contract), which stipulate conjugal rights and duties as well as conditions of divorce and financial support. This paper will contextualise and analyse these counter-hegemonic voices that address matrimonial rights - brought forth by two ideologically different Muslim women’s organisations in Lucknow. In so doing, this paper challenges simplified modernist accounts that depict secular conceptions of state law as incompatible with non-state religious law and norms. Conversely, this paper will demonstrate that current attempts by Muslim women’s rights activists to formulate gender-justice within the domestic sphere in fact, contribute to an emerging legal landscape of interlegality (Santos 1987/2002) - a field characterised by legal entanglements rather than parallel systems of law and morals.
Exploring the Issue of ‘Run-away Women’ in Pakistan: A Call for Social and Legal Change
Authors: Hussain Amjad , Afzal Humaira 
Published: December 2022

Women are considered as vulnerable members of almost every society. In Pakistan the scenario is no different. ‘Run-away women’ is one of the socio-legal problems faced by women. Women who consider running away from their families often face difficult situations, which may result in being trapped into prostitution or even being murdered by their own families in certain cases. In runaway cases, the majority of women do return to their families after reconciliation. However, what happens to these women after reconciliation remains unknown. This paper aims to highlight the causes of running away and its consequences in Pakistani society. It also intends to examine the existing legal mechanisms and their role in dealing with this problem. This study also analyzes the Islamic and customary laws of Pakistan to identify whether both respect the decisionmaking authority and freedom of women, or whether they create any hindrances to women’s rights and their freedom to decide. Finally, measures for improvements in the legal and social system are suggested. analyzes the Islamic and customary laws of Pakistan to identify whether both respect the decision-making authority and freedom of women, or whether they create any hindrances to women’s rights and their freedom to decide. Finally, measures for improvements in the legal and social system are suggested.
Key words: runaway women, runaway girls, runaway marriage, women’s rights, women’s protection
Experts and the Judiciary
Authors: Campbell Jonh R. 
Published: December 2022

In this paper I draw on my experience as an anthropologist, twenty-six years work as a country expert and extensive research on asylum and immigration law and practice to assess how litigation has shaped the role of country experts and the way their evidence is evaluated by Judges who sit in United Kingdom’s Immigration and Asylum Tribunal (IAT) and in the English Court of Appeal. I begin by looking at the history of applied work in Anthropology and my growing involvement as an Anthropological ‘expert’ involved in asylum and immigration law. I then examine litigation in the British courts which has attempted to deﬁne and regulate the role of experts and their evidence. Finally, I discuss my work as a country expert and how the courts have assessed the ‘validity’ of my evidence by drawing on a diverse range of asylum claims. The paper concludes that while experts confront a range of constraints imposed by the law, they can successfully challenge judges to rethink their assumptions and ensure that vulnerable refugees are granted protection.
In the mid-1990s I received an unsolicited email from a barrister asking me to write an ‘expert’ report for a child who was claiming asylum in the UK. I had never heard of ‘country experts’ nor was I aware of the form which the report should take or what issues it should address. It took me an entire week to draft a short report at the expense of my obligations as an academic in a British university. I never heard the outcome of that appeal. Since that inauspicious beginning I have written over six hundred reports and I have conducted extensive ﬁeldwork and research on the British asylum system. This paper examines the provision of ‘cultural expertise’, a term which Holden (2019) and Henderson et al (2020) have used to describe a speciﬁc role take up by academics who provide expert evidence to the courts which enables judges/mediators to better understand key socio-cultural and other issues which are relevant to the case. Holden is particularly interested in the engagement of anthropologists as experts in the legal process. In this sense, cultural expertise should not be confused with the ability attributed to anthropologists of understanding a society’s ‘culture’ based on ethnographic research.
Section (i) examines how my career as an academic anthropologist became intertwined with work as a ‘country expert’, and how expert witnessing expanded from a part-time preoccupation to become the focus of my professional work and research. Section (ii) provides an overview of litigation which has sought to regulate the work of country experts. In section (iii) I draw on my experience as an anthropological expert to show the tensions between experts and the judiciary and how my work has sought to challenge judicial interpretations in an attempt to secure protection for refugees.
Development of the corpus callosum and cognition after neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Byrne Hollie , Spencer Arthur P. C. , Geary Georgia , Jary Sally , Thoresen Marianne , Cowan Frances M. , Brooks Jonathan C. W. , Chakkarapani Elavazhagan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveNeonatal imaging studies report corpus callosum abnormalities after neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), but corpus callosum development and relation to cognition in childhood are unknown. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined the relationship between corpus callosum size, microstructure and cognitive and motor outcomes at early school‐age children cooled for HIE (cases) without cerebral palsy compared to healthy, matched controls. A secondary aim was to examine the impact of HIE‐related neonatal brain injury on corpus callosum size, microstructure and growth.MethodsParticipants aged 6–8 years underwent MRI, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition. Cross‐sectional area, volume, fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity of the corpus callosum and five subdivisions were measured. Multivariable regression was used to assess associations between total motor score, full‐scale IQ (FSIQ) and imaging metrics.ResultsAdjusting for age, sex and intracranial volume, cases (N = 40) compared to controls (N = 39) demonstrated reduced whole corpus callosum area (β = −26.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −53.17, −0.58), volume (β = −138.5, 95% CI = −267.54, −9.56), fractional anisotropy and increased radial diffusivity (P < 0.05) within segments II–V. In cases, segment V area (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.35), volume (β = 0.04, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.079), whole corpus callosum fractional anisotropy (β = 13.8 95% CI = 0.6, 27.1) and radial diffusivity (β = −11.3, 95% CI = −22.22, −0.42) were associated with FSIQ. Growth of the corpus callosum was restricted in cases with a FSIQ ≤85, and volume was reduced in cases with mild neonatal multifocal injury compared to white matter injury alone.InterpretationFollowing neonatal HIE, morphological and microstructural changes in the corpus callosum are associated with reduced cognitive function at early school age.
Bifunctional Co3S4 Nanowires for Robust Sulfion Oxidation and Hydrogen Generation with Low Power Consumption
Authors: Xiao Zehao , Lu Chang , Wang Jie , Qian Yinyin , Wang Bowen , Zhang Qiang , Tang Aidong , Yang Huaming 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSulfion oxidation reaction holds great potential for replacing kinetically sluggish water oxidation to save power consumption and simultaneously purifying environmental sulfion‐rich sewage. However, it is still challenged by the insufficient mechanism understanding and questionable stability caused by sulfur passivation. Here, it is demonstrated that bifunctional Co3S4 nanowires for assembling hybrid seawater electrolyzer that combines anodic sulfion oxidation and cathodic seawater reduction with an ultra‐low power consumption of 1.185 kWh m−3 H2 under 100 mA cm−2, saving energy consumption over 70% compared to the traditional water splitting system. Unlike water is oxidized into O2 at high potentials under alkaline water splitting system, experiments combined with in situ characterizations uncover the stepwise oxidation of S2− to short‐chain polysulfides and then to value‐added product of S8. Density functional theory calculations prove that Co3S4 possesses reduced energy barriers in the rate‐determining S32− to S4− oxidation step and S8 desorption step, promoting conversion of short‐chain polysulfides and efficient desorption of S8. These findings reveal the catalytic mechanism of sulfion oxidation and inspire an economic approach toward the fabrication of bifunctional Co3S4 for achieving energy‐saving hydrogen production from seawater while rapidly disposing sulfion‐rich sewage with boosted activity and stability.
Inverted and Amplified CP‐EL Behavior Promoted by AIE‐Active Chiral Co‐Assembled Helical Nanofibers
Authors: Geng Zhongxing , Liu Zheng , Li Hang , Zhang Yu , Zheng Wenhua , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is well‐known that high‐performance circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) remain a formidable challenge to the future application of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL)‐active materials. Herein, the design of a pair of AIE‐active chiral enantiomers (L/D‐HP) is described to construct chiral co‐assemblies with an achiral naphthalimide dye (NTi). The resulting co‐assemblies emit an inverted CPL signal compared with that from the L/D‐HP enantiomers. After thermal annealing at 120 °C, the inverted CPL signal of this kind of L/D‐HP‐NTi with a 1:1 molar ratio shows regular and ordered helical nanofibers arranged through intermolecularly ordered layered packing and is accompanied with a further amplified effect (|gem| = 0.032, λem = 535 nm). Significantly, non‐doped CP‐OLEDs based on a device emitting layer (EML) of L/D‐HP‐NTi exhibits a low turn‐on voltage (Von) of 4.7 V, a high maximum brightness (Lmax) of 2001 cd m−2, and moderate maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 2.3%, as well as excellent circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) (|gEL| = 0.023, λem = 533 nm).
Improved Anticoagulant Effect of Layered Double Hydroxide‐Heparin Nanocomposites on the Microcirculation of Septic Rats
Authors: Mao Min , Shan Yan Sheng , Wang Xiao Meng , Guo Pei Yu , Guo Fei , Pan Ling Feng , Wang Zi Dan , Xu Zhi Ping , Zhou Qi Hui , Shan Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnticoagulant therapy is an important therapeutic tool for septic microcirculatory dysfunction. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is a potent anticoagulant with antithrombotic properties, which is a crucial factor for sepsis treatment. However, it has a short plasma half‐life and achieves low local concentrations; nanocomposite formulations may help overcome these limitations. Herein, it is aimed to determine if a functional layered double hydroxide (LDH)–LMWH nanocomposite improves microcirculation and organ function, while maximizing the antithrombotic effects and reducing bleeding risks in septic rats. This nanocomposite (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–fibrin antibody (Ab)–bovine serum albumin (BSA)–20LMWH–LDH) is constructed by intercalating LMWH and FITC into the LDH interlayer, and application of a BSA and an Ab coating onto the LDH nanoparticle surface. The nanocomposite released LMWH in a gradual and biphasic pattern, in an acidity‐triggered manner. Capillary tubule studies and intestinal microcirculation investigations show that green fluorescent nanocomposites accumulated around microthrombi, validating their targeting ability. Animal experiments reveal that the nanocomposites significantly improve microcirculation in septic rats with minimal pathological damage to the heart, lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Thus, this study provides a novel strategy for the treatment of septic microcirculatory dysfunction in clinical situations.
Advances in Selective Electrochemical Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to Produce High‐Value Chemicals
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhang Xiaoxue , Gan Li , Pan Lun , Shi Chengxiang , Huang Zhen‐Feng , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe conversion of biomass is a favorable alternative to the fossil energy route to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution. As one of the most versatile platform compounds, 5‐hydroxymethylfural (HMF) can be transformed to various value‐added chemicals via electrolysis combining with renewable energy. Here, the recent advances in electrochemical oxidation of HMF, from reaction mechanism to reactor design are reviewed. First, the reaction mechanism and pathway are summarized systematically. Second, the parameters easy to be ignored are emphasized and discussed. Then, the electrocatalysts are reviewed comprehensively for different products and the reactors are introduced. Finally, future efforts on exploring reaction mechanism, electrocatalysts, and reactor are prospected. This review provides a deeper understanding of mechanism for electrochemical oxidation of HMF, the design of electrocatalyst and reactor, which is expected to promote the economical and efficient electrochemical conversion of biomass for industrial applications.
Accurate Field‐Effect Mobility and Threshold Voltage Estimation for Thin‐Film Transistors with Gate‐Voltage‐Dependent Mobility in Linear Region
Authors: Zhou Yuchen , Wang Xiao , Dodabalapur Ananth 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe measurement of mobility and threshold voltage in thin‐film transistors (TFTs) in which the mobility is a function of gate voltage or carrier density is usually done inaccurately. Herein, accurate mobility calculations within the framework of the gradual channel approximation are described. Conventionally, the derivative of drain current with respect to gate voltage is often used to calculate mobilities in the linear region. This procedure often leads to errors when the mobility is not constant. Using a first‐order finite difference‐based calculations, it is shown how the correct field‐effect mobility can be extracted. The corrected mobility can be smaller than the conventionally calculated field‐effect mobility by up to a factor of 2. It is also shown that the corrected field‐effect mobility is identical to the average mobility. A threshold voltage that is independent of gate voltage value and suitable for disordered semiconductors is used for more accurate mobility calculations. The mobility and threshold voltage calculations are illustrated with experimental data from multiple TFTs with indium gallium zinc oxide, zinc tin oxide, and molybdenum disulfide channel layers.
Bridging the gap: Development of an experiential learning–based health disparities curriculum
Authors: Caretta‐Weyer Holly A. , Hess Jamie M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing number of vulnerable populations served by the emergency department (ED) calls for developing and implementing curricula aimed at training residents to deliver quality care for the most marginalized groups.ObjectiveWe aimed to address this by developing and piloting a curriculum to introduce the unique challenges and disparities encountered by our diverse ED patient population using an experiential learning approach.MethodsWe engaged community partners in designing and implementing a curriculum for incoming interns. This curriculum addresses specific populations encountered within the ED including patients with psychiatric illness, patients with cognitive disabilities, intoxicated patients, violent patients, patients of various cultural backgrounds, non–English‐speaking patients, and LGBTQ patients. Experiential and active learning sessions with content experts and site visits to area organizations were arranged. Pre‐, post‐, and time‐delayed surveys were deployed to evaluate the pilot of this curriculum.ResultsThirteen incoming interns participated in the orientation curriculum. Residents' comfort with each of these various patient populations as well as familiarity with community and ED resources was assessed before, after, and 1 year delayed from each session (response 13/13, 100%). Their scores increased significantly from baseline in the postsurvey and were maintained 1 year later (p < 0.05). Residents additionally provided narrative responses regarding what they learned and what was most helpful after completing their intern year.ConclusionsThis pilot curriculum demonstrates that implementing an experiential learning curriculum and engaging community leaders and resources is key to training residents to address health disparities within their unique ED patient population. As such, it is imperative that we seek to immersively introduce trainees to the unique needs of the patient population they will serve early in training.
Soybean yield response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation on southeastern coastal plain soils
Authors: Irshad Annie , Marshall Michael W. , Greene Jeremy K. , Farmaha Bhupinder S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important process to supply nitrogen (N) for the crop. However, the N fixation capacity of soybean varies widely among soils and climatic conditions. The N fixation potential is purportedly minimum in soils that do not have any prior history of soybean cultivation, and the application of inoculum is reported as necessary to facilitate this process. Rhizobium inocula can be applied at planting to promote BNF; however, their efficacy remains highly variable. A field experiment was conducted at irrigated and dryland sites in 2017 and 2018, where soybean was not cultivated in the preceding 10+ years. Bradyrhizobium inoculum was applied in liquid, dry, and a combination of liquid and dry formulations. The results showed that inoculum addition, in any formulation or combination, did not significantly increase soybean yield compared with the untreated control at any site. This study showed that inoculum application did not consistently increase yield in fields without soybean in the previous crop rotation for years. Future research is needed to identify soils, varieties, management practices, and environmental conditions for soybean inoculation which can increase yield and net farm profits.