bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of plant-based meat alternatives on cattle inventories and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. , Blaustein-Rejto Dan , Shah Saloni , Tonsor Glynn T. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
New plant-based meat alternatives that aim to mimic the taste and texture of beef could have significant economic, environmental, and animal welfare impacts if they replace animal-based meats and reduce livestock production. Whether plant-based meat alternatives can achieve these ends depends on the extent to which consumers are willing to substitute for plant-based meat alternatives, the structure of the meat industry, and the inter-linkages of the livestock industry with the other parts of the economy. We construct and calibrate an economic model to estimate how a reduction in plant-based meat prices, or increases in demand for plant-based meat, in the United States affect cattle production. For every 10% reduction in price or increase in demand for plant-based meat alternatives, we estimate U.S. cattle production falls approximately 0.15%, U.S. cattle producers’ economic welfare falls by $300 million/year, and U.S. consumer welfare rises by $513 million/year. Increases in U.S. demand for plant-based meat alter trade patterns, leading to a reduction of beef imports and an increase in beef exports, a phenomenon that further reduces global greenhouse gas emissions and land use given the relative efficiency of U.S. beef production. For every 10% reduction in the price of plant-based meat alternatives, we estimate that the global reduction in emissions is equivalent to 0.41% of U.S. emissions from beef production and 1.4 % when including carbon sequestration from reforestation of abandoned cropland and pasture and reduced land-use change emissions.1 Even substantial reductions in prices of plant-based meat alternatives are unlikely to have substantive impacts on the U.S. cattle population and emissions, suggesting the need to also pursue alternative mitigation strategies, such as innovations to reduce the methane emissions per head.
Life-cycle impacts from different decarbonization pathways for the European car fleet
Authors: Dirnaichner Alois , Rottoli Marianna , Sacchi Romain , Rauner Sebastian , Cox Brian , Mutel Christopher , Bauer Christian , Luderer Gunnar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For light-duty vehicles (LDVs), alternative powertrains and liquid fuels based on renewable electricity are competing options considered by policymakers and stakeholders for achieving necessary CO2 emission reductions in the transport sector. While the urgency of climate change and the need to reach mitigation targets are well understood, system-wide implications along other sustainability dimensions need further exploration. We integrate a detailed transport system model into an integrated assessment framework and couple it with prospective life cycle impact analysis. This allows to assess different technological pathways of the European LDV fleet until 2050 for a comprehensive set of environmental and resource depletion indicators. Results indicate that greenhouse gas emissions drop significantly in all mitigation scenarios. However, impacts increase in several non-climate change impact categories even with fully renewable electricity supply. Additional impacts arise from the production of battery and fuel-cell components, and from a significant rise in electricity demand, most prominently for synthetic fuels. We consequently find that changes in mobility life-styles and in the relevant industrial processes are paramount to reduce environmental impacts from a climate-friendly LDV fleet across all categories.
Analytical study regarding topological optimisation of an internal combustion engine cylinder block
Authors: Gaidur M , Pascal I , Rakosi E , Ulian T , Talif S , Manolache Gh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The continuous rush for development has led the world of automotive engineering to progress that seemed unimaginable just a few years ago. This research paper examined the impact of a topological optimisation of an internal combustion engine block. Starting with the initial conditions, a constraint and load case scenario was established, after which a FEA simulation was conducted to set the reference values. In the last part of the research paper, test results are head-to-head compared to determine and quantify the improvements. This study aims to reduce the volume of the optimised part and increase its overall rigidity. The topology optimisation process represents a good solution for “what if” scenarios. By varying optimisation constraints, the designers can quickly check if the mass reduction of the analysed part is worth the changes.
Numerical investigation of a pressure wave supercharger
Authors: Costiuc I , Costiuc L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The paper aims at a numerical investigation of the evolution of velocity, pressure and temperature field along the wave rotor channels for a pressure wave supercharger. Since in literature most of the studies are made considering the working fluid as incompressible and inviscid in a 2D field, the present study is using the compressible and viscous terms in unsteady Navier-Stokes equations for fluid in 3D field. The geometry was drawn in CAD software using measurements made on a real model of the CX-93 pressure wave supercharger. The simulation was conducted using a CFD code for unsteady 3D k-e, k-co model approach to reproduce data such as pressures, temperature and mass flows which are usually measured in real engine pressure wave supercharging. The computational domain for uRANS was modeled as a moving rotational domain with adaptive meshing. Results such as velocity, pressure and temperature field in the rotor channels were obtained for exhaust gas inlet pressure of 0.28 MPa and 1465 K temperature at different rotational speeds. The air inlet state considered was: 0,098 MPa and 293 K. Supercharging by means of a pressure wave supercharger, in order to improve the performance of an internal combustion engine, appears to be a promising solution since the exhaust gas generates a benefice boost of intake air with significant advantages when compared to the conventional turbocharging. The numerical modelling of the complex phenomena occurring within the narrow channels might be a useful tool for improving the pressure exchange between the working fluids, either by modifying the input parameters or by optimizing the geometry of the rotor, ports or pockets.
Numerical evaluation of vehicles aerodynamics in platoon using CFD simulation
Authors: Scurtu I L , Gheres M I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to increased traffic and new technologies developed to improve road safety, a new vehicle driving technique is being studied. The vehicles’ platooning driving method has as objective to minimize the aerodynamic drag and therefore the fuel consumption. The aim of this study is to evaluate the distance between platoon traveling vehicles and to propose an optimal travel distance. The CFD evaluation is performed for two categories of vehicles at a given velocity and distance between them for two cases: in the first simulation scenario, a tractor-trailer is represented, followed by a SUV positioned at a given distance from the rear of the vehicle combination; in the second simulation, two tractor-trailers at the same boundary condition as for the first case are simulated. The vehicles models are made by using a CAD modelling environment, respecting the overall dimensions of an existing vehicle. The numerical evaluation of a distance between vehicle models is performed using the CFD method based on the Navier-Stokes equations averaging. The last part of the paper presents the interpretation of CDF simulation results, establishing the recommended travel distance between vehicles and conclusions of this study.
Overview on globally applied used engine oil recycling technologies
Authors: Ratiu S A , Tirian G O , Mihon N L , Armioni M D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Due to the growing importance of environmental issues in modern society, the global economy has been compelled to refocus further towards eco-friendly, low-pollution technologies based on waste recycling. Furthermore, these technologies not only offer economic value to products at the end of their life cycle, but they have the ability to address the issue of inadequate waste storage in landfills. At the same time, given the growing trends in the number of vehicles, the demand for lubricants is also increasing, which involves the generation of larger and larger amounts of used engine oil. Being included in the category of hazardous waste, it requires management based on sustainable principles, and recycling is recommended as a preferred method of treatment, as it still has a high economic value. This article aims to present some of the technologies that have been effectively implemented on a global scale for the recycling of used engine oil, as well as a series of advantages that these processes present, both ecologically and from an economic perspective.
The influence of the air filter location on the intake system temperature in the case of engines for drifting
Authors: Birtok Baneasa C , Budiul Berghian A , Ratiu S A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative study regarding the influence of the air filter location on the intake system temperature in the case of engines for drifting. The heat flow dispersion map at the engine compartment was determined for four different cases. The measurements were performed with a thermographic camera in the area of the air filter and intake manifold. The results obtained after the test contribute to the efficiency of the thermal management of the engine by reducing the temperature of the intake air.
The analysis of kinematic parameters of the vehicle occupants on impact with a rigid barrier
Authors: Nedelescu C , Chiru A , Vrabie P , Trusca D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the kinematic parameters of the vehicle occupants in case of a frontal impact between a vehicle and a concrete barrier. The main objective is to determine the head and thorax acceleration of vehicle occupants during the impact with a rigid barrier. To achieve the scope of the study a frontal damping system was used.
Considerations on reducing fuel consumption and emissions by optimizing traffic control in congested urban areas
Authors: Vilcan Adrian , Martin Ivana , Nicolae Viorel , Istrate Mihaela 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The balance between city development, as, for example, an increasing number of working places and emissions control, is a challenge in our days in the urban environment. All new developments in the urban area, either commercial, office or residential, will generate a specific demand for mobility. This new demand will put supplementary pressure on the urban transport system in the influence area. Therefore, approaching it from a macro to micro dimension using transport models would be a benefit for both, as optimizing the traffic control in main junctions in the area of the development will reduce the traffic congestion and delays. The paper deals with effects on reducing fuel consumption and emissions as an effect of optimization of traffic control in main junctions in the areas of new developments.
DNS of the spatiotemporal evolution of the vorticity in (pure) mode B of a circular cylinder’s wake
Authors: Lin L M , Tan Z R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, the spatio-temporal evolution of the vorticity field in the second wake instability, i.e. (pure) mode B is investigated to understand the wake vortex dynamics and sign relationships among the three vorticity components. Direct numerical simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder in the three-dimensional (3D) wake transition is performed, typically at a Reynolds number of 300. According to the time histories of fluid forces and frequency analysis, three different stages are identified. In the fully developed wake (FDW), the spanwise vortex core is almost two-dimensional, while the vortex braid is 3D due to the dominant streamwise interaction. However, streamwise and vertical vorticities owing to the intrinsic 3D instability are already generated first on cylinder surfaces early in the computational transition (CT). The evolution of additional vorticities with the same features as mode B shows that (pure) mode B could already be formed in the late CT. In the FDW, a special sign symmetry of these additional vorticities on the rear surface is observed, which is exactly opposite to that in (pure) mode B. Similarly, the two sign laws found in (pure) mode A are also verified in three typical regions, independent of the Reynolds number, for (pure) mode B. Particularly, the mechanism for the physical origin of streamwise and vertical vortices in the shear layers is the vortex generation on the wall first and then dominant vortex induction just near the wall. The entire process of the formation and shedding of vortices with three components of vorticity is first and completely illustrated. Other characteristics of the evolution of mode B are presented in detail.
Study on anisotropic behavior of 7075 Al alloy after extrusion
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ma Jin , Wang Qiang , Yang Yongbiao , Zhu Mingjie , Jia Penglai , Duan Yuhao , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For an extrusion process of 7075 Al alloy, the extrusion direction of the initial blank is changed to study the mechanical properties of the formed plates and characterize their microstructure. The as-received bar is extruded 7075 Al alloy. The secondary extrusion deformation is along and perpendicular to the initial extrusion direction. The results show that the anisotropy of mechanical properties of the two samples decreases obviously after secondary deformation. The anisotropy of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of ED90 sample is lower than that of ED0 sample, but the plastic anisotropy is slightly higher than that of ED0 sample. In addition, the recrystallized grain proportion of ED90 sample is high and the texture strength is low, so the Schmid factor in the three directions is similar. The tensile fracture mode of the two samples belongs to ductile fracture, but the morphology of dimple and the size of cleavage plane are slightly different.
Improving the stability of nanofluids via surface-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles for wettability alteration of oil-wet carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Hosseini Marzieh Sadat , Khazaei Masoud , Misaghi Majid , Koosheshi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The main challenge of the application of nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in oil-wet carbonate reservoirs is maintaining their stability under high-temperature and high-salinity which is normally seen in reservoir conditions. In this work, surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by N-(2-Aminoethyl)−3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS) as a coupling agent for surface modification of nanoparticles. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analyses were used to evaluate the stability of the prepared nanofluids. Results indicated that nanofluids had high stability in 90 °C and 20 wt% salinity. The influence of nanofluids on wettability alteration of carbonate rocks was studied by measuring the contact angle value. Untreated rock samples were strongly oil-wet, with water advancing and receding contact angles of 165.1° and 166.2°, respectively. After treatment with 3wt% concentration of surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles, the rock plate wettability changed to a water-wet state, with water advancing and receding contact angles of 37.6° and 48.2°, respectively. Suggested surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles were more effective in wettability alteration of the rock surfaces compared to the un-modified TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, higher concentration of nanoparticles, higher the ability of the nanoparticles on changing the rock wettability.
Safety evaluation of a beverage containing mulberry leaf extract
Authors: Yasumoto Keisuke , Hoshiko Hiroyuki , Sekiguchi Noriko , Obata Hidenori , Takara Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTMulberry leaf extract (MLE) has known as inhibits elevated postprandial blood glucose level in human. Then, we conducted a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group trial to evaluate safety when a green tea containing MLE is consumed 3 times a day, every day for 4 weeks. The participants (n = 48) were randomly allocated into 2 groups, an MLE beverage group and a control beverage group. The subjects were instructed to drink either a 500 mL green tea containing 550 mg MLE or a 500 mL green tea not containing MLE, 3 times a day, every day, for 4 weeks. No adverse reactions were observed over the 4 weeks trial, and no difference in the incidence of adverse events between the groups. These findings demonstrate that the consumption of a green tea containing 550 mg MLE 3 times a day for 4 weeks is safe for healthy adults.
StructuralVariantAnnotation: a R/Bioconductor foundation for a caller-agnostic structural variant software ecosystem
Authors: Cameron Daniel L , Dong Ruining , Papenfuss Anthony T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Summary
StructuralVariantAnnotation is an R/Bioconductor package that provides a framework for decoupling downstream analysis of structural variant breakpoints from upstream variant calling methods. It standardizes the representational format from BEDPE, or any of the three different notations supported by VCF into a breakpoint GRanges data structure suitable for use by the wider Bioconductor ecosystem. It handles both transitive breakpoints and duplication/insertion notational differences of identical variants—both common scenarios when comparing short/long read-based call sets that confound downstream analysis. StructuralVariantAnnotation provides the caller-agnostic foundation needed for a R/Bioconductor ecosystem of structural variant annotation, classification and interpretation tools able to handle both simple and complex genomic rearrangements.

Availability and implementation
StructuralVariantAnnotation is implemented in R and available for download as the Bioconductor StructuralVariantAnnotation package. Details can be found at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/StructuralVariantAnnotation.html. It has been released under a GPL license.
Vivarium: an interface and engine for integrative multiscale modeling in computational biology
Authors: Agmon Eran , Spangler Ryan K , Skalnik Christopher J , Poole William , Peirce Shayn M , Morrison Jerry H , Covert Markus W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Motivation
This article introduces Vivarium—software born of the idea that it should be as easy as possible for computational biologists to define any imaginable mechanistic model, combine it with existing models and execute them together as an integrated multiscale model. Integrative multiscale modeling confronts the complexity of biology by combining heterogeneous datasets and diverse modeling strategies into unified representations. These integrated models are then run to simulate how the hypothesized mechanisms operate as a whole. But building such models has been a labor-intensive process that requires many contributors, and they are still primarily developed on a case-by-case basis with each project starting anew. New software tools that streamline the integrative modeling effort and facilitate collaboration are therefore essential for future computational biologists.

Results
Vivarium is a software tool for building integrative multiscale models. It provides an interface that makes individual models into modules that can be wired together in large composite models, parallelized across multiple CPUs and run with Vivarium’s discrete-event simulation engine. Vivarium’s utility is demonstrated by building composite models that combine several modeling frameworks: agent-based models, ordinary differential equations, stochastic reaction systems, constraint-based models, solid-body physics and spatial diffusion. This demonstrates just the beginning of what is possible—Vivarium will be able to support future efforts that integrate many more types of models and at many more biological scales.

Availability and implementation
The specific models, simulation pipelines and notebooks developed for this article are all available at the vivarium-notebooks repository: https://github.com/vivarium-collective/vivarium-notebooks. Vivarium-core is available at https://github.com/vivarium-collective/vivarium-core, and has been released on Python Package Index. The Vivarium Collective (https://vivarium-collective.github.io) is a repository of freely available Vivarium processes and composites, including the processes used in Section 3. Supplementary Materials provide with an extensive methodology section, with several code listings that demonstrate the basic interfaces.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Wild-type p53 suppresses formin-binding protein-17 (FBP17) to reduce invasion
Authors: Suman Prabhat , Mehta Vikrant , Craig Andrew W B , Chander Harish 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Invading tumor cells develop membrane protruding structures called invadopodia to invade and metastasize. Previously, we have reported the role of formin-binding protein-17 (FBP17) in extracellular matrix degradation and invadopodia formation in breast cancer cells. Here, we report a novel axis between tumor-suppressor p53 and FBP17. We observed that cell lines with mutant p53 express FBP17 to a higher level. The expression of FBP17 was reduced upon stabilizing wild-type p53. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry analysis of breast cancer tissue microarrays demonstrated the correlation between the accumulation of p53 and enhanced FBP17 staining in invasive ductal carcinomas. The double knockdown of p53 and FBP17 showed the contribution of FBP17 in the invasion of cancer cells where p53 lost the regulatory control over FBP17. Taken together, these studies indicate that FBP17 may be a marker to understand the invasion propensity of breast cancer.
Whole-brain connectivity during encoding: age-related differences and associations with cognitive and brain structural decline
Authors: Capogna Elettra , Sneve Markus H , Raud Liisa , Folvik Line , Ness Hedda T , Walhovd Kristine B , Fjell Anders M , Vidal-Piñeiro Didac 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
There is a limited understanding of age differences in functional connectivity during memory encoding. In the present study, a sample of cognitively healthy adult participants (n = 488, 18–81 years), a subsample of whom had longitudinal cognitive and brain structural data spanning on average 8 years back, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an associative memory encoding task. We investigated (1) age-related differences in whole-brain connectivity during memory encoding; (2) whether encoding connectivity patterns overlapped with the activity signatures of specific cognitive processes, and (3) whether connectivity associated with memory encoding related to longitudinal brain structural and cognitive changes. Age was associated with lower intranetwork connectivity among cortical networks and higher internetwork connectivity between networks supporting higher level cognitive functions and unimodal and attentional areas during encoding. Task-connectivity between mediotemporal and posterior parietal regions—which overlapped with areas involved in mental imagery—was related to better memory performance only in older age. The connectivity patterns supporting memory performance in older age reflected preservation of thickness of the medial temporal cortex. The results are more in accordance with a maintenance rather than a compensation account.