bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unmet need for contraception: advancing social and behavioural change communication to ensure quality maternal health in Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Adebukunola Olajumoke 
Published: October 2022

Background Intervention programmes in Africa have attempted to address issues relating to unmet needs for contraception, but corresponding behavioural changes in the population remain marginal. This review examines women with an unmet need for contraception both globally and across regions in Africa and proposes a behaviour change strategy towards ensuring quality maternal health services. Methods Using data obtained from Google Scholar, Cochrane, Ref seek, PubMed and Medline, a systematic review was undertaken to identify global and regional variations in the unmet need for contraception. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis checklist was used as a guide. Results The prevalence of contraceptive use among married women globally was 58.0%. An estimated 12.0% of women had an unmet need for contraception globally, while 3.0% of married women in developing countries were unaware of modern contraception. In Africa, the average prevalence of unmet need for contraception was 22%, with southern and western Africa both reported that a quarter of married women or those in a sexual relationship had an unmet need for contraception. In Nigeria, almost one in five women (19%) had an unmet need for contraception. Reasons for not using contraception included a fear of side effects or objection from a spouse or family member. Behavioural change communication demonstrated significant success in improving reproductive healthcare across the world. Conclusions Africa reports a higher prevalence of the unmet need for contraception than the global average. Social and behaviour change communication can resolve misconceptions that limit women's acceptance, access and use of reproductive health services, including contraception, but improvements are needed, especially around improving women's ability to make their own decisions regarding sexual and reproductive healthcare.
Low partograph completion in a public health facility in northern Uganda: a retrospective review of maternity records
Authors: Nassaka Laillah , Udho Samson 
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims Low levels of partograph documentation and completion in Uganda by skilled health personnel is an ongoing problem. Completion of the partograph lowers the maternal mortality ratio by allowing for the early detection and management of childbirth complications, lowering the incidence of maternal death from preventable causes. However, there is a scarcity of recent studies focused on assessing partograph completion to the required standards. The aim of this study was to assess partograph documentation during monitoring of labour by skilled health personnel. Methods A retrospective desk review of 400 partographs from women who laboured and gave birth at the Lira Regional Referral Hospital between 1 July and 31 December 2019 was conducted. A structured checklist was used to extract data on completion of the partograph. Results Only 5% of the partographs were filled to the required standards. Average documentation of the parameters of a partograph to the required standards was 45.1% for fetal monitoring, 44.8% for labour progress, and 15.6% for maternal monitoring. Conclusions Documentation of different parameters of the partograph by skilled health personnel in public health facilities in northern Uganda was generally low. The Ministry of Health should strengthen partograph audit exercises and support supervision of and in-service capacity development training for skilled health personnel in high-volume facilities on partograph documentation.
Delivering compassionate care in nursing
Authors: Lister Lindsey 
Published: October 2022

Compassion is a cornerstone of nursing practice. Lindsey Lister and Catherine Best look at the effect of compassion fatigue and how this can be overcomeCompassion is essential to the delivery of good patient care. However, due to the demands faced by the nursing workforce, many are at risk of compassion fatigue. Cultivating self-compassion can promote resilience and there are several models of compassion which can encourage compassion in the workforce. Compassion training may be needed to support nurses.
Risks for death after admission to pediatric intensive care (PICU)—A comparison with the general population
Authors: Hannegård Hamrin Tova , Eksborg Staffan 
Published: October 2022

Objective/aim
The aim of the study was to quantify excess mortality in children after admission to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), compared to the age and sex matched general Swedish population.

Design
Single-center, retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Registry study of hospital registers, a national population register and Statistics Sweden.

Patients
Children admitted to a tertiary PICU in Sweden in 2008–2016.

Interventions
None.

Main results
In total, 6,487 admissions (4,682 patients) were included in the study. During the study period 444 patients died. Median follow-up time for the entire PICU cohort was 7.2 years (IQR 5.0–9.9 years). Patients were divided into four different age groups (0–28 d, > 28 d -1 yr, > 1–4 yr, and > 4 yr) and four different risk stratification groups [Predicted Death Rate (PDR) intervals: 0–10%, > 10–25%, > 25–50%, and > 50%] at admission. Readmission was seen in 929 (19.8%) patients. The Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) were calculated using the matched Swedish population as a reference group. The SMR for the entire study group was 49.8 (95% CI: 44.8–55.4). For patients with repeated PICU admissions SMR was 108.0 (95% CI: 91.9–126.9), and after four years 33.9 (95% CI: 23.9–48.0). Patients with a single admission had a SMR of 35.2 (95% CI: 30.5–40.6), and after four years 11.0 (95% CI: 7.0–17.6). The highest SMRs were seen in readmitted children with oncology/hematology (SMR = 358) and neurologic (SMR = 192) diagnosis. Children aged >1–4 years showed the highest SMR (325). In PDR group 0–10% children with repeated PICU admissions (n = 798), had a SMR of 100.

Conclusion
Compared to the matched Swedish population, SMRs were greatly elevated up to four years after PICU admission, declining from over 100 to 33 for patients with repeated PICU admissions, and from 35 to 11 for patients with a single PICU admission.
Acceptability of the Wulira app in assessing occupational hearing loss among workers in a steel and iron manufacturing industry
Authors: Atukunda Immaculate , Semulimi Andrew Weil , Bwambale Festo , Mumbere Joab , Twinamasiko Nelson , Nakabuye Mariam , Mukisa John , Mukunya David , Batte Charles 
Published: October 2022

Background
Industrial workers are at a high risk of acquiring noise induced hearing loss, yet there is minimal hearing loss screening of such groups of people. Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA), the gold standard for hearing loss screening, is expensive, and not readily available at health sites. Mobile audiometry can bridge this gap. However, there is limited knowledge on its acceptability in low-income countries like Uganda. We aimed to assess the acceptability of using the Wulira App, a validated mobile phone app, in assessing hearing loss among industrial workers in Kampala.

Methods
We carried out a qualitative study in a steel and iron manufacturing industry in Kampala, in April 2021. Four Focus group discussions (FGDs) with 8 participants per FGD, and 12 In-depth Interviews (IDI), were conducted on the industrial workers. The industrial workers were first tested for hearing loss, then enrolled for the FGDs and IDI. A semi-structured interview guide was used. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. Themes were derived using thematic content analysis, borrowing from Sekhon’s model of Acceptability of Health Interventions.

Results
Industrial workers found the Wulira App user friendly, cheap, time saving, and an effective hearing loss assessment tool. However, barriers such as lack of smart phones, difficulty in navigating the app, and fear of getting bad news hindered the App’s acceptability, as a hearing assessment tool.

Conclusion
Hearing loss assessment using Wulira App was acceptable to the industry workers. There is need of informing industrial workers on the essence of carrying out regular hearing loss screening, such that barriers like fear of getting screened are overcome.
HIV-related stigma experiences and coping strategies among pregnant women in rural Uganda: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Jolle Judith , Kabunga Amir , Okello Tonny Owili , Kadito Esther Oloi , Aloka Jimmy , Otiti Geoffrey , Aluku Agnes Adong , Kumakech Edward , Udho Samson 
Published: October 2022

Background
HIV-related stigma is a global problem among HIV clients with far-reaching effects including increased rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, HIV-related stigma experiences and coping strategies have received little attention, especially among pregnant women in rural settings. We explored the HIV-related stigma experiences and coping strategies among pregnant women in rural northern Uganda.

Methods
This was a qualitative descriptive study conducted among HIV-positive pregnant women seeking care at Aboke Health Center IV, Kole district, northern Uganda. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using the inductive thematic approach of Braun and Clarke.

Results
The age range of the 12 participants was 17 to 35 years while the average duration with HIV since diagnosis was five years. The majority of the participants were subsistence farmers who had attained a primary level of education. Social rejection and public ridicule were identified as HIV-related stigma experiences while ignoring, social support, and prayers were identified as HIV-related coping strategies among the study participants.

Conclusion
Enacted HIV-related stigma is common among pregnant women in rural northern Uganda. Healthcare providers should work closely with HIV-positive women and other stakeholders to identify and strengthen HIV-related stigma coping strategies among pregnant women in rural settings.
Association between lifestyle choices and mental health among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghali Hela , Ghammem Rim , Baccouche Imen , Hamrouni Mouna , Jedidi Nada , Smaali Hichem , Earbi Souha , Hajji Balkis , Kastalli Amina , Khalifa Hind , Maagli Khalil Bilel , Romdhani Rawia , Halleb Heni , Jdidi Farouk 
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Mental health is recognized as a critical component of public health Given the close relationship between mental health and life style and the importance of students as valuable human resources, the present study aimed at determining the relationship between life style and mental health among medical students in Sousse during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in university students from the first to the fifth grade of the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse during the academic year 2020/2021. Data were collected anonymously via an online questionnaire published on the Facebook groups of each grade, on december 2020. The online survey consisted of three sections. The first one aimed to collect sociodemographic information. The second section of the survey addressed recent lifestyle choices and the third one assessed psychological distress using the French version of 12 items of The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The significance level was considered 0.05.

Results
Overall 147 were studied. Using the bimodal scoring, the total score was between 0 and 12, to evoke psychiatric disorders, we set the threshold of 4. For our sample, the median scale was 7 [4-9], and more than half of the students (68%; n = 100) had a score higher than 4. Psychiatric disorder was significantly more frequent in female students (73.3% vs 42.3%; p = 0.002). Higher GHQ-scale was found in younger students, foreigners, students who need more than 30 minutes to get to the faculty, unemployed students, and students of fifth grade. However, differences were not statistically significant. Regarding lifestyle choices, we found that physical inactivity, no smoking habits, no alcohol use, no illicit substance use, other substance use, changing in eating habits, and absence of coping methods of stress were higher in students with psychiatric disorders. However, this association was statistically significant only for physical activity (p = 0.016). The results of the regression analysis suggest female gender as an independent predictor of high GHQ-12 scores. Practicing physical activity was found as protective factor for psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion
Considering the vital role of medical students in providing and promoting community health, the need for more detailed planning and interventions to improve their life style and mental health is essential.
Preservation of pelvic floor muscles contributes to early continence recovery after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Nakamura Masaki , Yamada Yuta , Sato Yusuke , Honda Kazuki , Yamada Daisuke , Kawai Taketo , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Motofumi , Kume Haruki 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
Postoperative recovery of urinary continence has a great impact on quality of life for patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). A variety of surgical techniques including reconstruction of the periurethral structure have been introduced, and yet there are no effective methods that promote early urinary continence recovery after surgery. We hypothesized that the preservation of pelvic floor muscle structure could be responsible for early recovery of urinary continence after surgery.

Methods
A total of 94 consecutive patients who underwent RARP at our hospital were enrolled in this study. Operative video records were reviewed and the severity of pelvic floor muscle injury was classified according to the scoring system that we devised in this study. Briefly, damage of pelvic floor muscles was classified into 4 categories; intact, fascial injury, unilateral muscle injury, and bilateral muscle injury. The volume of urinary incontinence was measured for 2 days after removal of the urethral catheter, and the incontinence ratio (amount of incontinence/total volume of urine per day) was calculated. Predictive factors for immediate incontinence after catheter removal were identified by multivariate regression analysis.

Results
The severity of puboperineal muscle injury was significantly associated with the early incontinence ratio after catheter removal (p < 0.001). Age at surgery and severity of puboperineal muscle injury were independent predictors for early incontinence after catheter removal.

Conclusion
Preservation of the pelvic floor muscle, particularly the puboperineal muscle is an important factor for early continence recovery after RARP.
Electrical Properties of Cadmium Telluride Films and the Al/CdTe Based Schottky Barrier
Authors: Sultonov N. , Akobirova A.T. , Khamrokulov R.B. , Gafurov O.V. , Rakhmatov B.A. , Naimov U.R. 
Published: October 2022

It is shown that with an increase in the thickness of cadmium telluride films from 0.4 to 1 μm, the resistivity decreases from 8·108 to 8,1·107 Ohm·cm. It is equivalent to an increase in conductivity from 1,25·10-9 to 1,23·10-8 Ohm-1· cm-1. The resistivity and conductivity change only slightly at thicknesses above 1 μm.
One broad maximum is observed on the X-ray diffraction pattern at film thicknesses D=0.4 μm. This indicates the imperfection of the crystallites. As the thickness increases to 1 μm, a number of clear reflections with increasing intensity appear on the X-ray diffraction pattern, which is associated with the improvement of the crystal structure of the films.
The current-voltage characteristic of the Schottky diode is obtained. It is shown that with an increase in the forward displacement, a significant increase in the forward current is observed, as well as a noticeable increase in the reverse current with a reverse displacement. The initial section of the forward characteristic at voltages up to 10 V is linear, which is inherent in Schottky barriers. However, the characteristic becomes non-linear at high voltages.
The nonlinearity of the current-voltage characteristic of the Schottky barrier in a fairly wide range of applied voltage is related to the grain boundary effect in polycrystalline films. Namely, as the applied voltage increases to a certain value, the density of trap states in the region of the crystallite boundary decreases; holes begin to fill, which is usually observed in semiconductors containing conductive particles in a non-conductive matrix. We used this effect when studying the possibility of manufacturing nuclear radiation detectors with a metal — semiconductor — metal structure.
Solving the Cournot Oligopoly Game under Incomplete Information with the Possibility of Cooperative Interaction
Authors: Algazina D.G. , Algazina D.G. 
Published: October 2022

The balance of commodity markets is an extremely important and pressing challenge. There is an active development of research aimed at solving such problem. However, well-known theoretical models do not always adequately reflect the desire of agents to make such individual decisions and search for such compromises to ensure the greatest profit and bring the market to equilibrium.
The article considers the solution of the Cournot oligopoly game under incomplete information for the case of linear demand and linear costs. The approaches of the reflexive games theory and collective behavior theory are the basis for the construction of the decision-making process by agents. The policy of optimal responses of agents to the expected output volumes of the environment under traditional assumptions about the independence of agents may not lead to equilibrium. Therefore, the article considers and proposes non-traditional solutions that allow agents to cooperate. It is shown that it is enough to jointly regulate the process only at initial stage. After that, it should come to equilibrium if, in the future, agents independently adjust their own output, counting on the maximum expected profit. The necessary assertions and their mathematical proofs are given.
On the Implementation of the Algorithm for Calculating the Functionals of Minkowski Three-Dimensional Digital Space
Authors: Gnedko M.E. , Oskorbin D.N. 
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to the implementation of an algorithm for calculating the functionals of the Minkowski set in a three-dimensional digital space. The algorithm is based on the calculation of the values of these functionals for various types of node neighborhoods into which a set in a digital space can be divided. The concept of Minkowski functionals appeared in the theory of convex sets in n-dimensional Euclidean space; they are coefficients in the expansion of the volume function ε of a neighborhood of a convex set in powers of ε. Subsequently, it turned out that the concept of functionals can be generalized to the case of sets with singularities, including the case of a set in a digital space. Minkowski functionals of a digital image representing a union cubic voxel intersecting along edges and vertices are statistical measures based on the Euler-Poincare characteristic of n-dimen-sional space, show sensitivity to the morphology of disordered structures, which is confirmed by applied research. They are used in calculating density measures for a number of unordered microstructural models; particle-based models, amorphous microstructures, cellular and foamlike structures. The results of calculations for various microstructures demonstrate a number of qualitative characteristics.
The paper studies the implementation of the algorithm for finding the Minkowski functionals for a set in a threedimensional digital space.
The Method of Local Approximations in the Construction of High-Precision Small-dimensional MgFE for the Calculation of Composite Bodies
Authors: Matveev A.D. 
Published: October 2022

The method of multigrid finite elements is effectively used to analyze the stress state in composite bodies (CB). When constructing a multigrid finite element (MgFE), briefly a standard MgFE, using known procedures, a fine grid, and large ones nested in a fine one are used. The fine grid is generated by partitioning, which takes into account the heterogeneous structure of the MgFE, large grids are used to reduce its dimension. For a standard MgFE, it is characteristic that every large grid and the corresponding approximations of displacements are determined throughout its entire area. This leads to an increase in the dimension of the standard MgFE when constructing high-order approximations on large grids, which are used to increase its order of accuracy. Standard high-precision MgFE, i.e. of high order of accuracy, have a large dimension, which makes their application difficult.
In this paper, a method of local approximations (MLA) for constructing high-precision small-dimensional MgFE (short — small-sized MgFE) is proposed. Such MgFE are used to calculate elastic CB and are designed on the basis of standard. The main idea of the MLA is that local approximations of high-order displacements are determined on large grids in the central part of the region of a small-sized MgFE, and in the vicinity of the boundary of the region — of a small order, which allows using various local approximations to vary the dimension and order of accuracy of a small-sized MgFE. Two approaches to the construction of small-sized MgFE are shown, in the case of their complex shape, forming finite elements are used. Calculations show that small-sized MgFE generate stresses in the CB, the errors of which are 15÷50 smaller than the errors of similar stresses corresponding to standard MgFE, i.e. small-sized MgFE are more effective than standard ones. The use of smallsized MgFE in calculations makes it possible to determine stresses with a small error for large CB partitions.
On the Symmetric Einstein Equation for Three-Dimensional Lie Groups with Left-Invariant Riemannian Metric and Semi-Symmetric Connection
Authors: Pavlova A.A. , Khromova O.P. , Rodionov E.D. , Vylegzhanin D.V. 
Published: October 2022

Riemannian manifolds with a Levi-Civita connection and constant Ricci curvature, or Einstein manifolds, were studied in the works of many mathematicians. This question has been most studied in the homogeneous Riemannian case. In this direction, the most famous ones are the results of works by D.V. Alekseevsky, M. Wang, V. Ziller, G. Jensen, H.Laure, Y.G. Nikonorov, E.D. Rodionov and other mathematicians. At the same time, the question of studying Einstein manifolds has been little studied for the case of an arbitrary metric connection. This is primarily due to the fact that the Ricci tensor of metric connection is not, generally speaking, symmetric.
In this paper, we consider semisymmetric connections on 3-dimensional Lie groups with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. For the symmetric part of the Ricci tensor, the Einstein equation is studied. As a result of the research carried out, a classification of 3-dimensional metric Lie groups and the corresponding semisymmetric connections in the case of the Einstein symmetric equation has been obtained.
Earlier in the works of P.N. Klepikov, E.D. Rodionov and O.P. Khromova, the classical Einstein equation was studied, and it was proved that if the classical.
The Einstein equation holds for a 3-dimensional Lie group with left-invariant (pseudo) Riemannian metric and semi-symmetric connection. Then, either the connection is a Levi-Civita connection, or the curvature tensor of the connection is equal to zero.