bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of behavioural models explaining cervical cancer screening uptake
Authors: Dsouza Jyoshma Preema , Broucke Stephan Van den , Pattanshetty Sanjay , Dhoore William 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer represents a very high burden of disease, especially in Low- and Middle-income economies. Screening is a recommended prevention method in resource-poor settings. Cervical cancer screening (CCS) uptake is influenced by various psycho-social factors, most of which are included in behavioural models. Unlike demographic characteristics, these factors are modifiable. While few studies have compared these models in terms of their capacity to predict health behaviour, this study considers three health behaviour theories to assess and compare the predictors of CCS behaviour and intention.

Methods
A survey was conducted among 607 sexually active women in the South Indian state of Karnataka. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic factors, health literacy, knowledge on CCS, and the socio-cognitive factors related to CCS that are represented in the Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Theory of Care-Seeking Behaviour (TCSB). Logistic regression analyses tested to what extent each of the theoretical models explained cervical cancer screening (CCS) intention and regular screening behaviour, comparing the variance explained by each of the models.

Results
CCS intention was best explained by the TPB, followed by the HBM. Of the constructs included in these models, positive attitude towards the screening procedure and perceived benefits contributed most significantly to screening intention, followed by fear, anxiety or embarrassment related to the disease or screening procedure, and context specific barriers.

Conclusion
Health behavioural models such as the TPB and HBM can help to identify the main socio-cognitive factors explaining the intention of women to participate in CCS. As such, they can inform interventions to target specific determinants of screening intention and behaviour, and enhance their effectiveness by addressing women’s screening attitude, perceived benefits, and emotions as well as reducing context specific barriers to screening.
Predicting nursing students’ psychological well-being: network analysis based on a model of thriving through relationships
Authors: Zhou Lu , Sukpasjaroen Khunanan , Wu YuMing , Wang Lei , Chankoson Thitinan , Cai EnLi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Psychological well-being plays a vital role in nursing students’ mental health and affects their decisions to stay in the nursing profession, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak. Close relationships are undeniably linked to psychological well-being, but it is unknown how the specific pathways through which close relationships are related to each other and which are most strongly linked to nursing students’ psychological well-being.

Aims
To explore the network structure, central and bridge factors among well-being characteristics, and predictors based on a model of thriving through relationships.

Methods
A cross-sectional research design was used with a sample of undergraduate nursing students (531 participants from the Southwest part of China). We used a network model to analyze the network structure of perceived social support, mindfulness, self-integrity, self-compassion, professional self-concept, savoring, intentional self-regulation, non-relational self-expansion, relational self-expansion, attachment insecurity, and psychological well-being.

Results
A highly interconnected network of psychological well-being featured predictors and traits were formed. Node 8 (self-kindness), node 9 (self-judgment), and node 23 (non-relational self-expansion) were the predictors with the highest centrality in the network. Perceived social support and professional self-concept were most central in linking predictors to psychological well-being traits. Attachment insecurity was a non-supportive factor for predicting psychological well-being among female nursing students.

Conclusions
Interventions based on these supportive/non-supportive predictors, which operate on different psychological levels, hold promise to achieve positive effects on psychological well-being among nursing students.
Assessment of dropout rates in the preclinical years and contributing factors: a study on one Thai medical school
Authors: Wainipitapong Sorawit , Chiddaycha Mayteewat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The highest dropout rate for medical students is during the preclinical years of education. Several studies have reported possible contributing factors, however, studies regarding the dropout rate from medical education among Thai medical students and its associated factors are still lacking. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of dropout from medical education within the preclinical period and its associated factors among Thai medical students.

Methods
We collected data from preclinical medical students who entered one medical school in Bangkok, Thailand, between 2017–2019. Demographic data, admission program, pre-admission mental health status assessed by the Thai Mental Health Indicator 66, mental health records from the faculty-based counseling services, and academic achievement were extracted. Data were reported in a descriptive fashion. We analyzed the association between dropout and these factors by robust Poisson regression.

Results
In total, 914 students were recruited. Dropout was only 1.5%, which was lower than the previous studies. Regression analysis showed a significant association between dropout and mental health problems [Prevalence ratio (PR) 58.20, 95%CI 13.72- 246.95] but not admission program [PR 0.32, 95%CI 0.09 – 1.16] or failing examinations [PR 0.59, 95%CI 0.18 – 1.90]. However, other contributing factors such as financial status, family problems, medical illness, and students’ motivation, were not evaluated in this study.

Conclusions
Mental health problems during medical education were associated with dropout after adjusting for other confounding variables. Further longitudinal studies are needed to identify the impacts of academic failure on dropout in higher clinical years.
Mining comorbidities of opioid use disorder from FDA adverse event reporting system and patient electronic health records
Authors: Pan Yiheng , Xu Rong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use disorder (OUD) has become an urgent health problem. People with OUD often experience comorbid medical conditions. Systematical approaches to identifying co-occurring conditions of OUD can facilitate a deeper understanding of OUD mechanisms and drug discovery. This study presents an integrated approach combining data mining, network construction and ranking, and hypothesis-driven case–control studies using patient electronic health records (EHRs).MethodsFirst, we mined comorbidities from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) of 12 million unique case reports using frequent pattern-growth algorithm. The performance of OUD comorbidity mining was measured by precision and recall using manually curated known OUD comorbidities. We then constructed a disease comorbidity network using mined association rules and further prioritized OUD comorbidities. Last, novel OUD comorbidities were independently tested using EHRs of 75 million unique patients.ResultsThe OUD comorbidities from association rules mining achieves a precision of 38.7% and a recall of 78.2 Based on the mined rules, the global DCN was constructed with 1916 nodes and 32,175 edges. The network-based OUD ranking result shows that 43 of 55 known OUD comorbidities were in the first decile with a precision of 78.2%. Hypothyroidism and type 2 diabetes were two top-ranked novel OUD comorbidities identified by data mining and network ranking algorithms. Based on EHR-based case–control studies, we showed that patients with OUD had significantly increased risk for hyperthyroidism (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.43–1.49,pvalue < 0.001), hypothyroidism (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.42–1.48,pvalue < 0.001), type 2-diabetes (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.26–1.29,pvalue < 0.001), compared with individuals without OUD.ConclusionOur study developed an integrated approach for identifying and validating novel OUD comorbidities from health records of 87 million unique patients (12 million for discovery and 75 million for validation), which can offer new opportunities for OUD mechanism understanding, drug discovery, and multi-component service delivery for co-occurring medical conditions among patients with OUD.
Nursing students’ experiences of educational discrimination: a qualitative study
Authors: Hadian Jazi Zahra , Gheybi Kazzem , Zare Zahra , Shahsavari Hooman 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Although the need for justice and the elimination of injustice (or discrimination) is now a universally accepted principle, discrimination is still an unpleasant experience for many nursing students. This study aimed to explain the experiences of nursing students of educational discrimination and find out the main factors that cause this feeling.

Methods
This is a qualitative study conducted in the nursing faculty of Shahr-e-Kord and the Iran university of medical science (IUMS) in Iran. Twelve nursing students were selected by purposeful sampling method and data were collected through face-to-face and in-depth interviews with semi-structured questions. All interviews were analyzed according to the content analysis method.

Results
Three main themes and ten subcategories appeared. Extracted themes include: "inappropriate behavior of nursing professors (or instructors) " with 3 subcategories (1- discriminatory behavior by nursing professors (or instructors), 2- lack of sufficient self-confidence in nursing professors and transferring it to the student, and 3- the educator role in motivating or eliminating motivation); "Strict rules" with 3 subcategories (1- inequality in implementation of rights and rules among students of different disciplines, 2- differences in compliance with laws and regulations, and 3- nurses are being strictly monitored), and " Lack of nursing professional independence " with 4 subcategories (1- lack of authority, 2- lack of supportive organizations for nurses, 3- lack of proper social status of nursing in society, and 4- the high authority and power of physicians over other disciplines).

Conclusions
In our study, it was shown that nursing students feel the most discrimination in front of medical students. Feelings of discrimination reduce self-confidence in nursing students. Therefore, nursing educators and professors must think of a solution, or at least they should not cause this feeling in them through inappropriate behavior and discriminatory speech and words.
Anillin governs mitotic rounding during early epidermal development
Authors: Mahly Adnan , Padmanabhan Krishnanand , Soffer Arad , Cohen Jonathan , Omar Jana , Sagi-Eisenberg Ronit , Luxenburg Chen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe establishment of tissue architecture requires coordination between distinct processes including basement membrane assembly, cell adhesion, and polarity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The actin cytoskeleton is ideally situated to orchestrate tissue morphogenesis due to its roles in mechanical, structural, and regulatory processes. However, the function of many pivotal actin-binding proteins in mammalian development is poorly understood.ResultsHere, we identify a crucial role for anillin (ANLN), an actin-binding protein, in orchestrating epidermal morphogenesis. In utero RNAi-mediated silencing ofAnlnin mouse embryos disrupted epidermal architecture marked by adhesion, polarity, and basement membrane defects. Unexpectedly, these defects cannot explain the profoundly perturbed epidermis ofAnln-depleted embryos. Indeed, even before these defects emerge,Anln-depleted epidermis exhibits abnormalities in mitotic rounding and its associated processes: chromosome segregation, spindle orientation, and mitotic progression, though not in cytokinesis that was disrupted only inAnln-depleted cultured keratinocytes. We further show that ANLN localizes to the cell cortex during mitotic rounding, where it regulates the distribution of active RhoA and the levels, activity, and structural organization of the cortical actomyosin proteins.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that ANLN is a major regulator of epidermal morphogenesis and identify a novel role for ANLN in mitotic rounding, a near-universal process that governs cell shape, fate, and tissue morphogenesis.
To kill or to be killed: pangenome analysis of Escherichia coli strains reveals a tailocin specific for pandemic ST131
Authors: Tantoso Erwin , Eisenhaber Birgit , Kirsch Miles , Shitov Vladimir , Zhao Zhiya , Eisenhaber Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundEscherichia coli(E. coli) has been one of the most studied model organisms in the history of life sciences. Initially thought just to be commensal bacteria,E. colihas shown wide phenotypic diversity including pathogenic isolates with great relevance to public health. Though pangenome analysis has been attempted several times, there is no systematic functional characterization of theE. colisubgroups according to the gene profile.ResultsSystematically scanning for optimal parametrization, we have built theE. colipangenome from 1324 complete genomes. The pangenome size is estimated to be ~25,000 gene families (GFs). Whereas the core genome diminishes as more genomes are added, the softcore genome (≥95% of strains) is stable with ~3000 GFs regardless of the total number of genomes. Apparently, the softcore genome (with a 92% or 95% generation threshold) can define the genome of a bacterial species listing the critically relevant, evolutionarily most conserved or important classes of GFs. Unsupervised clustering of commonE. colisequence types using the presence/absence GF matrix reveals distinct characteristics ofE. coliphylogroups B1, B2, and E. We highlight the bi-lineage nature of B1, the variation of the secretion and of the iron acquisition systems in ST11 (E), and the incorporation of a highly conserved prophage into the genome of ST131 (B2). The tail structure of the prophage is evolutionarily related to R2-pyocin (a tailocin) fromPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1. We hypothesize that this molecular machinery is highly likely to play an important role in protecting its own colonies; thus, contributing towards the rapid rise of pandemicE. coliST131.ConclusionsThis study has explored the optimized pangenome development inE. coli. We provide complete GF lists and the pangenome matrix as supplementary data for further studies. We identified biological characteristics of differentE. colisubtypes, specifically for phylogroups B1, B2, and E. We found an operon-like genome region coding for a tailocin specific for ST131 strains. The latter is a potential killer weapon providing pandemicE. coliST131 with an advantage in inter-bacterial competition and, suggestively, explains their dominance as human pathogen amongE. colistrains.
Projecting vaccine demand and impact for emerging zoonotic pathogens
Authors: Lerch Anita , ten Bosch Quirine A. , L’Azou Jackson Maïna , Bettis Alison A. , Bernuzzi Mauro , Murphy Georgina A. V. , Tran Quan M. , Huber John H. , Siraj Amir S. , Bron Gebbiena M. , Elliott Margaret , Hartlage Carson S. , Koh Sojung , Strimbu Kathyrn , Walters Magdalene , Perkins T. Alex , Moore Sean M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite large outbreaks in humans seeming improbable for a number of zoonotic pathogens, several pose a concern due to their epidemiological characteristics and evolutionary potential. To enable effective responses to these pathogens in the event that they undergo future emergence, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations is advancing the development of vaccines for several pathogens prioritized by the World Health Organization. A major challenge in this pursuit is anticipating demand for a vaccine stockpile to support outbreak response.

Methods
We developed a modeling framework for outbreak response for emerging zoonoses under three reactive vaccination strategies to assess sustainable vaccine manufacturing needs, vaccine stockpile requirements, and the potential impact of the outbreak response. This framework incorporates geographically variable zoonotic spillover rates, human-to-human transmission, and the implementation of reactive vaccination campaigns in response to disease outbreaks. As proof of concept, we applied the framework to four priority pathogens: Lassa virus, Nipah virus, MERS coronavirus, and Rift Valley virus.

Results
Annual vaccine regimen requirements for a population-wide strategy ranged from > 670,000 (95% prediction interval 0–3,630,000) regimens for Lassa virus to 1,190,000 (95% PrI 0–8,480,000) regimens for Rift Valley fever virus, while the regimens required for ring vaccination or targeting healthcare workers (HCWs) were several orders of magnitude lower (between 1/25 and 1/700) than those required by a population-wide strategy. For each pathogen and vaccination strategy, reactive vaccination typically prevented fewer than 10% of cases, because of their presently low R0 values. Targeting HCWs had a higher per-regimen impact than population-wide vaccination.

Conclusions
Our framework provides a flexible methodology for estimating vaccine stockpile needs and the geographic distribution of demand under a range of outbreak response scenarios. Uncertainties in our model estimates highlight several knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to target vulnerable populations more accurately. These include surveillance gaps that mask the true geographic distribution of each pathogen, details of key routes of spillover from animal reservoirs to humans, and the role of human-to-human transmission outside of healthcare settings. In addition, our estimates are based on the current epidemiology of each pathogen, but pathogen evolution could alter vaccine stockpile requirements.
Autofluorescence detection and co-axial projection for intraoperative localization of parathyroid gland
Authors: Chen Wei , Ma Xiaopeng , Shao Pengfei , Liu Peng , Xu Ronald X. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Near-infrared (NIR) autofluorescence detection is an effective method for identifying parathyroid glands (PGs) in thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy. Fiber optical probes provide quantitative autofluorescence measurements for PG detection owing to its high sensitivity and high excitation light cut-off efficiency at a fixed detection distance. However, an optical fiber probe lacks the imaging capability and cannot map the autofluorescence distribution on top of normal tissue background. Therefore, there is a need for intraoperative mapping of PGs with high sensitivity and imaging resolution.

Methods
We have developed a fluorescence scanning and projection (FSP) system that combines a scanning probe and a co-axial projector for intraoperative localization and in situ display of PGs. Some of the key performance characteristics, including spatial resolution and sensitivity for detection, spatial resolution for imaging, dynamic time latency, and PG localization capability, are characterized and verified by benchtop experiments. Clinical utility of the system is simulated by a fluorescence-guided PG localization surgery on a tissue-simulating phantom and validated in an ex vivo experiment.

Results
The system is able to detect indocyanine green (ICG) solution of 5 pM at a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Additionally, it has a maximal projection error of 0.92 mm, an averaged projection error of 0.5 ± 0.23 mm, and an imaging resolution of 748 μm at a working distance ranging from 35 to 55 cm. The dynamic testing yields a short latency of 153 ± 54 ms, allowing for intraoperative scanning on target tissue during a surgical intervention. The simulated fluorescence-guided PG localization surgery has validated the system’s capability to locate PG phantom with operating room ambient light interference. The simulation experiment on the PG phantom yields a position detection bias of 0.36 ± 0.17 mm, and an area intersection over unit (IoU) of 76.6% ± 6.4%. Fluorescence intensity attenuates exponentially with the thickness of covered tissue over the PG phantom, indicating the need to remove surrounding tissue in order to reveal the weak autofluorescence signal from PGs. The ex vivo experiment demonstrates the technical feasibility of the FSP system for intraoperative PG localization with accuracy.

Conclusion
We have developed a novel probe-based imaging and navigation system with high sensitivity for fluorescence detection, capability for fluorescence image reconstruction, multimodal image fusion and in situ PG display function. Our studies have demonstrated its clinical potential for intraoperative localization and in situ display of PGs in thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy.
Cavitation assisted endoplasmic reticulum targeted sonodynamic droplets to enhanced anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chen Jifan , Feng Liting , Jin Peile , Shen Jiaxin , Lu Jiayue , Song Yue , Wang Guowei , Chen Qin , Huang Deyi , Zhang Ying , Zhang Chao , Xu Youfeng , Huang Pintong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumors and promises to play an assistive role in immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. However, the short half-life and limited diffusion distance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) impair ICD induction, especially in tumors with relatively poor blood perfusion and dense stroma.

Results
To address this problem, we fabricated cavitation-assisted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeted sonodynamic nanodroplets (PMPS NDs, 329 nm). The good sonodynamic effect and precise endoplasmic reticulum target effect was verified. After intravenous injection, the cRGD peptide modified nanodroplets initially aggregated around the tumor vascular endothelial cells. Stimulated by ultrasound, the liquid-to-gas bubbles began to oscillate and cavitate. This acoustic droplet evaporation strategy facilitated transport of the nanoparticle across the vessel, with deep penetration. This loosened the tumor stroma and facilitated accumulation and penetration of loaded sonosensitizer after 6 h. The modified sonosensitizer can selectively accumulate in the ER to generate a large amount of ROS in situ, inducing potent ER stress, amplified ICD and dendritic cell maturation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the elevated antitumor effect of SDT plus anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy was verified using an orthotopic tumor model.

Conclusions
This study reports a cavitation assisted ER targeted sonodynamic therapy that can enhance the effect of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy effectively in orthotopic and distant pancreatic cancer.

Graphical Abstract