bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Climate Change and Variability on Paddy cultivation
in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dananjaya P. K. V. S. , Shantha A. A. , Patabendi K. P. L. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Climate change and variability are two of the most widespread topics in recent studies. Most of the researchers study the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector in the world. Because the agricultural sector is directly affected by climatic variability. Within agriculture, paddy cultivation could be named as one of the most vulnerable sectors to the variabilities of climatic parameters such as rainfall and precipitation. Rice is the staple food for 3 billion people in the world, and Sri Lankans are among them. Thus, it is crucial to study the impact of climate variability on paddy cultivation in order to safeguard the country’s food requirements. This study has reviewed publications that have been published related to the topics of climate change and paddy cultivation before 2022. The findings of the study proved that there is a positive relationship between rainfall increase and paddy production during the Maha season, but it is not equally distributed. Moreover, the increasing temperature has a negative impact on paddy production. To overcome these adverse impacts, various adaptation strategies have been suggested by scholars. Promoting crop insurance, having drought resistant and short-term crops, increasing irrigation efficiency, rainwater harvesting, and intercropping are common adaptation strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change.
Retinal Pathological Features and Proteome Signatures of Alzheimer’s
Authors: Koronyo Yosef , Rentsendorj Altan , Mirzaei Nazanin , Regis Giovanna C. , Sheyn Julia , Shi Haoshen , Barron Ernesto , Cook-Wiens Galen , Rodriguez Anthony R. , Medeiros Rodrigo , Paulo Joao A. , Gupta Veer B. , Kramerov Andrei A. , Ljubimov Alexander V. , Eyk Jennifer E. Van , Graham Stuart L. , Gupta Vivek K. , Ringman John M. , Hinton David R. , Miller Carol A. , Black Keith L. , Cattaneo Antonino , Meli Giovanni , Mirzaei Mehdi , Fuchs Dieu-Trang , Koronyo-Hamaoui Maya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologies were discovered in the easily accessible neurosensory retina. Yet, their specific nature, topographical distribution, and relationship with disease status remain undefined. Here, we histologically determined burden and spatial distribution of amyloid β-protein (Aβ42), intraneuronal scFvA13+-Aβ species, macro- and microgliosis, and atrophy in superior- and inferior-temporal retinas of human donors with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD versus normal cognition. AD and MCI patients had enhanced retinopathy, predominantly affecting inner layers and peripheral subregions, which quantitatively correlated with severity of cerebral amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration, and cognitive scores. In advanced clinical stages AD retinopathy further affected central outer segments. Increased retinal macrogliosis and Aβ-phagocytosing microglia were detected in MCI and AD patients. Further, distinct proteome profiles of AD retinas were identified, displaying greater overlap with the temporal cortices than with hippocampi or cerebella. AD retinas exhibited upregulated inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes and downregulated oxidative-phosphorylation/mitochondrial, and photoreceptor-related pathways. This study identifies and maps AD retinopathy, demonstrating the quantitative relationship with brain pathology and cognition.
Towards the Crucial Verification of How Light Spreads at Large Distances: Experimental Design, Non-Wave Results and Consequences for Light, Gravity, Generally for Physics
Authors: Costescu Corneliu I. , Costescu Ruxandra M. , Costescu Doina M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Abstract. We recognize that the spreading of light at large distances (the whole space) is the only property which can decide by yes or no if light really behaves physically like waves, while the fit of the waves for describing the diffraction fringes is insufficient for this purpose. Indeed, the fringe space is too limited and hence, brings the possibility of misinterpretation. Hence, the experiment for the direct verification if light is spreading like waves at large distances is necessary in principle, and is crucial. However, very surprisingly and tragically, this direct experiment was totally missing in history. This experiment uses the simplest diffraction case, in which a beam of light falls perpendicularly with its axis on the line and the plane of a straight edge. Practically, this experiment verifies if there is a dependence of the diffracted light at large distances in the geometrical shadow, on the changes in beam thickness traversal to a single straight edge, while the distribution of light along the straight edge remains the same. If this dependence exists, as the wave theory for light fundamentally predicts, then the wave approach to light is physically true. If there is no dependence then light cannot behave physically like waves. This experiment can clearly be developed and performed without any calculation from the wave approach, just by a careful measurement practice. However, for a broader view, we describe in detail wave results for spreading of light at large distance, which illustrate the experiment – what are the spatial points where the measurement must be done to see if the above dependence exists, and which is the big picture for the wave approach. We attempted this experiment for many years, but could not finish it because of the lack of resources to measure at 100 – 500 m. However, we show alternatively that the answer to how light spreads also comes from comparing the well known wave results for the diffraction on macroscopic holes with relatively recent data for the diffraction on nanoscopic holes. This comparison clearly shows that light does not spread physically like waves, which makes necessary a new, non-wave but periodic structure for light. On this line, we show here the big-picture for developing this non-wave structure, that is a mechanism-type structure for light. With this new structure for light one can see that there is also a missing experiment at the foundation of gravity. Finally, the above alternative answer regarding the spreading of light also makes absolutely necessary to perform the above missing experiment, as a direct way that convinces anybody how light is spreading. The present article will empower big labs to perform this crucial experiment.
An approach to solve fully intutionistic fuzzy transportation problem
Authors: Choudhary Ashutosh , Yadav Shiv Prasad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transportation problem (TP) is a particular type of mathematical programming problem that appears in several constructive applications. In the traditional transportation problem, all the parameters like supply, demand, and cost are fixed numbers. In this situation, decision maker (DM) can estimate transportation costs accurately. But in the real world, the exact data may not be available due to insufficient informations, fluctuation in rates of fuels, impreciseness in assessment etc. In this situation, it becomes very difficult for the DM to ascertain the exact transportation cost and it is hesitant for the DM. So, under uncertainty environment, it is really interesting to deal with TP. In this study, we consider a fully intutionistic fuzzy transportation problem (FIFTP). We articulate the TP in which supplies, demands, and costs all are triangular intutionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). We propose a new method to find starting intutionistic fuzzy basic feasible solution (IFBFS). Then intutionistic fuzzy modified distributive method is proposed to find intutionistic fuzzy optimal solution. The proposed method is further illustrated by a numerical example.
Causes of Uncertain Chemotherapy Outcomes in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treated in Penitentiary Institutions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lisovskiy S. N. , Vostroknutov M. E. , Mikhaylova Yu. V. , Sterlikov S. A. , Ponomarev S. B. 
Published: October 2022

Reporting of the «transferred out» outcome leads to significantly worse treatment results of tuberculosis patients treated in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.The objective: to investigate the patients’ routes that led to reporting of the «transferred out» outcome, and propose measures to reduce the risk of this outcome.Subjects and Methods. We studied the places of registration and routes of 1,496 pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered for treatment in 2019 (new cases and relapses) with the outcome of «transfered out».Results. In the structure of transferred out patients, in 631/1,496 (42.2%) patients, the «transferred out» outcome was associated with their transfer between institutions within the penitentiary system. Additionally 462/1,496 (30.9%) patients were released in the region where they continued their treatment, 85/1,496 (5.7%) were released and moved to a different region, 301/1,496 (20.6%) were released from pre-trial detention , and 10/1,496 (0.6%) left Russia and moved abroad.Conclusion: the procedure should be developed to transfer the information about patients moving within the penitentiary system and beyond it. To motivate the patient immediately after the detection of tuberculosis, it is necessary to conduct individual conversations explaining the nature of the disease, importance and necessity of treatment. Tuberculosis patients in pre-trial detention centers should be provided with leaflets containing information about medical organization where patients can continue treatment, patients released from penitentiary units should be informed about the system of social adaptation and services available for tuberculosis patients.
An innovative approach in the treatment of nodular adenomyosis
Authors: Apresyan S. V. , Markarov A. E. , Dobrokhotova Ju. E. , Khlynova S. A. , Dimitrova V. I. , Papoyan S. A. , Slyusareva O. A. , Apresyan S. S. 
Published: October 2022

Introduction. The necessity to improve methods of adenomyosis treatment is determined not only by its high prevalence, which reaches 40 % among women of reproductive age, but also by its association with infertility of unclear genesis. The disease significantly reduces the quality of life. Objective. To optimize reproductive outcomes after surgical treatment of nodular adenomyosis and to prevent the disease recurrence. Materials and Methods. A cohort prospective comparative study examined the efficacy of therapy with dienogestam after laparoscopic removal of adenomyosis nodules with temporary uterine artery occlusion and temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac arteries. The study included 25 women who underwent organ-preserving treatment for nodular adenomyosis from January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022. Inclusion criteria: age 22–45 years, mean 32 ± 4.5; organ preserving treatment for nodular adenomyosis, no contraindications to hormone therapy, informed voluntary consent of the patient to participate in the study. Results. The use of Dientogest at a dose of 2 mg/day in a continuous regimen for 6 months after surgical treatment for nodular adenomyosis was shown to transform the intensity of pain syndrome to insignificant, the absence of recurrent disease for 24 months of follow-up. Conclusions. The comprehensive treatment of nodular adenomyosis, which included laparoscopic removal of the nodule and the drug therapy with dienogestam, permitted the achievement of reproductive function in 40% of the patients. The choice of the treatment method for nodular adenomyosis depends primarily on the reproductive plans of the patient, the size and location of the adenomyosis nodules, and its long-term results depend on the comprehensive antiretroviral therapy.
Regulatory Compliance of Small-Scale Pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ketele Wondue , Marew Tesfa , Matsabisa Motlalepula , Birhanu Gebremariam 
Published: October 2022

Background: there is growing concern that medicines supplied to most of the developing countries are of substandard quality. Along with the establishment of strong regulatory systems for ensuring compliance and regulatory law enforcement, manufacturing facilities need to work to implement dependable systems at each stage of the production process to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of their products. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess the level of compliance with regulatory requirements by small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Material & Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a structured questionnaire and checklist to assess the level of compliance of small-scale local pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities to regulatory requirements and also to identify the challenges faced by the manufacturing facilities.
Result: This study indicated that the overall implementation status of regulatory requirements in the local small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing companies is far below the minimum standard set by WHO and the national regulatory authority. Basic on specific regulatory requirement elements compliance: requirements related to QA were 26.9, requirements related to personnel qualification were 38.1, requirements related to Quality control were 25.9, and requirements related to sanitation and hygiene were 15.3. Of the total regulatory requirements, only 26.1% were found to be implemented. Major challenges faced by the local small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturing industry for the implementation of regulatory requirements were: human resource capacity constraints, limited investment, limited support from Governments and other stakeholders, and poor infrastructure.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that level of regulatory requirements implementation in the local small-scale pharmaceutical manufacturers is far below the minimum standard set by the national regulatory authority. Important gaps were reported particularly in materials management, production operations, quality control, and sanitation and hygiene.
Impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the predisposition of cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A Note
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nandini , Sarkar Susmita , Giri Biplab 
Published: October 2022

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) or Endocrine Disruptors are unique assemblage or cluster of emerging pollutants as they affect the synthesis, release and transport of hormones. EDCs have been associated with a diverse array of health issues and diseases. EDCs can alter the endocrine system and are involved in carcinogenesis and inducing poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective of this article is to furnish an outline of research on environmental aspects of EDCs and their effects on human health specially on cancer and PCOS based on evidence from animal and human studies. EDCs include natural compounds such as phytoestrogens and various synthetic chemicals which are utilized by the chemical, agriculture, cosmetic and food industries. Several EDCs may work as carcinogens and causes initiation and advancement of cancer. Uterine and ovarian cancers of female have been associated with exposure to EDC. Bisphenol-A (BPA), an EDC which is found in plastic bottles, household materials, canned food, waste water, beverage containers and thermal paper, can increase risk of breast cancer. Even low levels of BPA exposure may poses threat of prostate cancer in men. Testicular cancer and thyroid cancer could be influenced by EDCs. Comprehensive studies have been conducted by many researchers in the light of toxicity pattern of EDC that render interpretation of impact of EDCs on development of cancer and PCOS inducing capacity in female reproductive system.
Keywords: Endocrine disrupting chemicals; EDC; Cancer; Endocrine Disruptor, Poly-Cystic Ovary Syndrome; PCOS
The Microbial Quality of Herbal Products
Authors: Anie Oliseloke Clement , Egbon Olukayode Temitope , Enemchukwu Chizoba Mercy , Adushoke Eguonor Loveth 
Published: October 2022

Background: Consumption of herbal products has increased dramatically during the last few decades. Although there have been allegations that herbal products are made in unsanitary conditions resulting in microbial contamination and health hazards consumed by patients.
Aim: The study is aimed at investigating the microbial quality of commonly sold herbal products in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
Methods: A total of seven (7) liquid herbal products (AB, GW, EC, IM, DR, GC and BM) were randomly purchased from local herbal shops and pharmacy shops in Abraka. Samples were aseptically measured out around the zones of a Bunsen fame and the total viable bacteria and fungi counts of samples were determined using serial dilution and spread plate method.
Results: The total bacterial count in the herbal products ranged from 1.8 x 106 to 7.5 x 106. Proteus spp had the highest frequency of occurrence with a percentage of 50% while Staphylococcus spp. occurred the least with a percentage of 10% while Candida spp. had the highest percentage occurrence for fungi isolates and Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus occurs less with percentage occurrence of 10 and 20% respectively. The study also revealed that Tarivid, Streptomycin and Gentamycin were susceptible to all bacterial isolated from the herbal products with average zone of inhibition of 18.25±1.39, 19.75±3.39 and 23.13±2.0.8 respectively.
Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that herbal products sold in Abrakawere contaminated with microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic and thus, these herbal products can serve as a means of spreading infections among the consumers.
Keywords: Herbal, microorganism, bacteria, Abraka.
Pathways of Targeted Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jain Sameeksha , Purohit Arpana , Nema Prakhar , Vishwakarma Harshna , Qureshi Arzoo , Jain Prateek kumar 
Published: October 2022

One of the most common and deadly cancers in the world, colorectal cancer (CRC) caused around 881,000 melanoma deaths in 2018. The third most frequent cause overall cancer-related death worldwide is colorectal cancer (CRC). A difficult issue related to chemotherapy is the subsequent adverse effects brought on by the toxicity of conventional medications. Location-specific/targeted distribution of chemotherapeutic medicines precisely to the afflicted site of something like the colon in a foreseeable and reliable way is obviously of concern. For many years, cancer sufferers' initial choices have been surgery and chemotherapy. The prognosis for CRC, particularly for those with metastatic tumours, has never been satisfactory. A recent optional strategy called targeted therapy has been effective in extending patients with CRC's overall survival. Following achievements with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new drugs that inhibit several important pathways and immune checkpoints are being developed at an unheard-of rate. The growing number of high-quality clinical trials is being used as a basis for updating guidelines worldwide regarding the recommended targeted medications. An overview of current CRC-targeted drugs and their underlying processes is given in this review, along with a discussion of their drawbacks and potential directions.
Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Chemotherapeutic medicines, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab,
A Review on Hot Melt Extrusion Coupled Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Parvathaneni Madhukiran , Heera Battu , Beeravelli Sudhakar 
Published: October 2022

The utilization of hot melt extrusion (HME) technology for new applications is increasing in recent years, as evidenced by the many published reports in the last five years. Because of its process automation and low-cost scale-up qualities, which decrease labor expenses and capital investment. HME has emerged as an essential technology for drug delivery applications in pharmaceutical research and manufacture. The novel application of the HME process provides a promising alternate approach in the formulation of novel drug delivery systems. The present review discusses the importance of HME in the development of novel drug delivery systems with the review of relevant case studies.
Keywords: hot melt extrusion, novel drug delivery, pharmaceutical research
Saqmunia (Convolvulus scammonia L.), an important drug used in Unani system of medicine: A review
Authors: Ansari Huzaifa , Ansari Athar Parvez , Qayoom Ifra , Reshi Bazilah , Haseeb Abdul , Ahmed Zaheer , Anwar Noman 
Published: October 2022

Background: Saqmunia, a resin obtained from the root of Convolvulus scammonia L. is widely used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of several body ailments. This important medicinal plant is belonging to Convolvulaceae family, and is commonly grown in Mediterranean regions.
Purpose of the review: The core objective of this appraisal is to emphasize the different characteristics of Saqmunia (Convolvulus scammonia L.) viz. botanical description, pharmacological and therapeutic properties, folklore uses, temperament, dose, scientific studies, etc, as mentioned in Unani and botanical literature that will be helpful in the rationale use of this botanical drug.
Materials and methods: This review was done after going through ample of literature survey of Unani and botanical texts, and published articles related to Saqmunia (Convolvulus scammonia L.). The botanical names of drugs mentioned in this review have been validated through ‘World Flora’ (http://www.worldfloraonline.org).
Results: The Unani physicians prescribe Saqmunia for the treatment of skin diseases, chronic headache, bilious fever, conjunctivitis, jaundice, etc. This drug is also added in many compound Unani formulations such as Habb-i-Kotwali, Safoof-i-Suranjan, Habb-i-Banafsha, Ayarij-i-Kabir, Tiryaq-i-Zahab, Habb-i-Saqmunia, Majun-i-Anjeer, etc which are used for various therapeutic purposes. The phytochemical analysis of the root of Convolvulus scammonia L. has been reported that it contains 8% resin along with beta-methyl-esculetin, dihydroxy cinnamic acid, ipuranol, sucrose, reducing sugar, starch, etc. The resin yields glycosides mainly scamonin which is pharmacologically active. Some scientific reports showed that this important medicinal plant possesses certain potential pharmacological activities. The significant anticancer property of aqueous and alkaline extracts of Convolvulus scammonia L. has been identified in mice.
Conclusion: Although, the resin of Convolvulus scammonia L. is extensively used in Unani medicine. But, sufficient studies regarding its pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology are still lacking. Hence, it is suggested that extensive studies by using modern scientific parameters may be carried out to explore the every aspect of this important botanical drug.
Keywords: Saqmunia; Convolvulus scammonia L.; Unani medicine; Resin