bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review for Guidelines: Sports and High‐Grade Kidney Injuries in Children With Solitary Kidneys
Authors: Palmer Jack , Johnstone Lilian M. , Deshpande Aniruddh , Boyer Olivia , Blanc Thomas , Taghavi Kiarash 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the risk of Grades IV and V kidney injury due to common children's sports.MethodsA systematic review of studies reporting traumatic kidney injuries (TKIs) associated with basketball, cycling, equestrian, motorsports, netball, rugby, Australian football or soccer. Studies with patients exclusively 18 years or older, non‐TKIs or non‐sport‐related mechanisms were excluded.ResultsTwenty‐five studies with 24 424 patients were included. The estimated risk of kidney loss from sports injuries is 0.37 per million child‐years. However, the incidence of Grades IV and V injuries could not be calculated in at‐risk populations due to limited prospective data. The prevalence of TKIs from sport‐specific trauma was low, ranging from 0.6% to 2.2%. Few studies graded the severity of kidney injury, but in the small number reported, Grades IV and V injuries occurred in 33% of soccer TKIs, 26% of bicycling, 23% of Australian football, 20% of basketball and 17% of equestrian injuries. The high number of ungraded kidney injuries (5514/5607) impacts the reliability of findings.ConclusionRecommendations to exclude children with congenital single kidneys from specific sports lack a firm evidence‐base. Given bio‐psycho‐social consequences, such recommendations must be carefully considered, particularly for equestrian and motorised vehicles, which carry a higher risk of trauma.
How to Write a Pathology Research Paper—Basic Principles and Beyond—A Primer for Residents
Authors: Kristiansen Glen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMedical writing is an art but still it is usually not in the curriculum of medical students. With the beginning of scientific activity during residency, many perceive this gap increasingly, and stay behind their own expectations in their scientific productivity. Many universities offer courses to teach scientific writing and many books and article address this void, but in real life the main work to carve a readable paper out of a pile of unsorted data remains often in the hands of the scientific supervisors. This little paper tries to address this issue with a focus on typical pathology related subjects by outlining the structure of a paper and explaining typical dos and don'ts of crafting a publishable scientific paper as a pathology resident.
Myoclonic Seizures After Endoscopic Cervical Disc Surgery: A Rare Complication or Just Coincidence?
Authors: Avci İdris , Paksoy Kemal , Kapdan Melih , Şentürk Salim , Tüzün Hatice Hale , Yaman Onur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe present a unique case of myoclonic seizures 36 h after endoscopic cervical disc surgery. A 48‐year‐old female patient underwent posterior endoscopic disc surgery for right C6‐C7 disc herniation. The surgery finished without any complications. No dural tear could be detected. 36 h after the surgery the patient developed myoclonic seizures. The MRI did not reveal any mass effect or hemorrhage or any signs of intracranial hypotension, EEG did not show any pathologies. Generalized seizures after spinal procedures are extremely rare and are mostly associated with accidental durotomy‐induced intracranial hypotension or pneumocephalus. No plausible cause for the seizure like disturbance of CSF flow, hypovolemia, anesthetic agents, or the irrigation water pressure could be found to explain this pathology. We believe that the cause of the seizure was multifactorial due to a combination of the presence of syringomyelia, surgical manipulation, and water pressure of the endoscope creating an epileptogenic focus on the proximal spinal cord creating a foundation for the later seizure.
Keep Up With the Joneses: Founders and Family Business Philanthropy
Authors: Wang Kun , Tang Yingkai , Huang Xiaohong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines how the social climate of comparison in which a founder grew up impacts family business (FB) philanthropy, emphasizing the founder's role in FB decisions. With a dataset of 758 Chinese FBs, we find that the stronger the social climate of comparison in the founder's region of upbringing, the more charitable donations the FB tends to make. This effect is more pronounced in areas with a high concentration of FBs. The unspoken rules of Chinese society, related to ‘face (Mianzi)’ and ‘favours’ significantly influence business decisions.
Google infodemiology and temporal trends in benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery in Australia
Authors: Shin Brian Ng Hung , Qu Liang , Tan Samuel X. , Rhee Handoo , Chung Eric 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo contextualise the national population‐based temporal surgical trends in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Australia.MethodsGoogle Trends (GT) was used to analyse the level of patients' online interest in various surgical options for the treatment of BPH. Analysis of variance was performed and the average rates of change in GT popularity score was calculated for the period from 1 January 2010 to 31 October 2022. Data regarding surgical volume were extracted from the Medicare Benefits Schedule and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare databases, and population‐adjusted rates of BPH procedures performed were calculated accordingly.ResultsThe level of online interest in Australia was highest for transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and population data also showed that TURP remained the most utilised procedure across the study period. Nationwide, there was an increased uptake of photovaporisation of the prostate, accounting for 7.6% of BPH procedures in 2020–2021, with correspondingly lower rates of TURP and simple prostatectomies performed. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) appeared to be underutilised and had the lowest mean popularity score, while prostatic urethral lift (PUL) and transurethral water vapour ablation (TUWA) showed strong uptake in the more recent years. The average rates of change were highest for TURP at +1.59/year (P < 0.001), followed by PUL at +0.56/year (P < 0.001) and TUWA at +0.50/year (P = 0.004), while the lowest was for HoLEP at +0.09/year (P = 0.116).ConclusionDifferences were found between GT analysis and actual BPH procedures performed at a population level. This study highlights that clinicians need to adapt and provide better patient counselling to ensure a shared decision‐making process when choosing the treatment procedure for BPH/male LUTS.
Delineating the Clinical and Brain Imaging Characteristics of the Neonatal Form of CSTB‐Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Abdel‐Ghafar Sherif F. , Sayed Inas S. M. , Zaki Maha S. , Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCystatin B gene (CSTB) is responsible for the most common childhood onset type of progressive myoclonic epilepsy (EPM1A). More recently, biallelic CSTB variants were described in four patients with a neonatal onset phenotype of microcephaly, diffuse hypomyelination, brain atrophic changes, and dyskinesia. Herein, we describe the clinical and molecular characterization of five additional patients in whom exome sequencing detected a splice variant (c.67‐1G>C) in Family I and II and a missense variant (c.10G>C, p.Gly4Arg) in Family III and IV. Interestingly, these variants were described before in patients with EPM1A. However, all our patients had progressive microcephaly, developmental delay, and dyskinesia. In addition, only one patient developed seizures. Brain imaging showed mainly diffuse hypomyelination and progressive cerebral and cerebellar atrophy of variable severity. Interestingly, one patient showed intracranial calcification and another showed congenital distal arthrogryposis. Our findings support the association between CSTB variants and the neonatal form as a distinct neurodevelopmental phenotype. This newly characterized neonatal onset of the CSTB shares many overlapping features with genetic disorders encompassing microcephaly and hypomyelination.
NONHSAT141192.2 Facilitates the Stemness and Radioresistance of Glioma Stem Cells via the Regulation of PIK3R3 and SOX2
Authors: Wang Sihan , Ming Haolang , Wang Zhen , Zhai Xingye , Zhang Xinyue , Wu Di , Bo Yin , Wang Hang , Luo Yuanbo , Han Zhenfeng , Hao Lingyu , Xiang Yijia , Han Xu , Wang Zengguang , Wang Yi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to the initiation, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical modulators in the development and progression of GBM; however, specific lncRNAs related to GSCs remain largely unexplored. This study aims to identify dysregulated lncRNAs in GSCs, unravel their contributions to GBM progression, and propose new targets for diagnosis and treatment.MethodsGeneChip analysis was utilized to identify lncRNAs in GSCs. The expression of RNAs was examined using quantitative real‐time PCR. Cell Counting Kit‐8, tmorsphere formation assay, limiting dilution assay, apoptosis detection and intracranial xenograft models were performed to assess the stemness and radioresistance of GSCs. Transcriptomics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase experiments were conducted for mechanistic studies.ResultsNONHSAT141192.2 exhibited elevated expression levels in aggressive GBM tissues compared to lower‐grade gliomas. Silencing NONHSAT141192.2 resulted in a considerable decrease in GSC proliferation, tumor sphere formation, self‐renewal and the expression of key stem cell markers. Furthermore, depletion of NONHSAT141192.2 enhanced GSC sensitivity to radiation, indicated by diminished viability and tumorsphere formation, increased cell apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth in intracranial xenograft models. Mechanistically, NONHSAT141192.2 upregulates the expression of SOX2 and PIK3R3 by sponging miR‐4279, influencing GSC characteristics and their resistance to radiation.ConclusionThe study highlights a significant relationship between NONHSAT141192.2, GSC stemness, and radioresistance, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target for GBM treatment and radiosensitization.
An analysis of the size of law enforcement seizures of illicit fentanyl in the United States, 2018–2023
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Fitzgerald Nicole D. , Carr Thomas H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionLaw enforcement seizure data can indicate potential shifts in drug availability. We examined trends in the size of illicit fentanyl seizures in the United States from 2018 through 2023.MethodsUsing national High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas data, we examined trends in the weight of fentanyl powder and number of fentanyl‐containing pills per seizure with a focus on federal and other common state‐level weight cutoffs that indicate various levels of trafficking (e.g., 1–4 g, 40–399 g, ≥400 g).ResultsBetween 2018 and 2023, the plurality of fentanyl powder seizures weighed 40–399 g (27.7%), followed by seizures weighing 4–39 g (25.8%), 1–4 g (18.6%), ≥400 g (17.4%), and <1 g (10.4%). During this period, there was a decrease in the percentage weighing ≥400 g (annual percentage change [APC] = −5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] −9.4, −1.0) and an increase in the percentage weighing 1–4 g (APC = 5.6, 95% CI 3.2, 8.1). With respect to fentanyl pill seizures, the plurality contained 40–399 pills (10 = 1 g; 25.4%), followed by 400–3999 (21.8%), <10 pills (20.4%), 10–39 pills (18.6%) and ≥4000 pills (13.8%). During this period, there was a decrease in seizures of <10 pills (APC = −12.6, 95% CI −23.2, −0.7) and increases in seizures containing 400–3999 (APC = 14.0, 95% CI 5.3, 23.1) and ≥4000 pills (APC = 12.6, 95% CI 7.4, 17.8).Discussion and ConclusionsThe size of fentanyl seizures varies greatly, with a sizeable portion legally classified as drug trafficking. While the weight of fentanyl powder seizures is decreasing, the size of pill seizures is increasing. The increasing availability of fentanyl pills in particular needs to be monitored to inform prevention and harm reduction efforts.
Motherhood and medicinal cannabis
Authors: Withanarachchie Vinuli , Rychert Marta , Wilkins Chris 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIntroductionWomen are emerging as a key demographic for medicinal cannabis (MC) use in countries that have implemented MC reforms. However, research on mothers' experiences of consuming MC remains limited beyond studies on perinatal outcomes. This study explores mothers' diverse experiences of consuming MC in New Zealand under the legal MC scheme.MethodsInterviews with 15 mothers using MC via prescriptions, the illegal market or both in the last 12 months. Thematic analysis focused on MC use in parenting, MC conversations with children, societal stigma and risks.ResultsMothers reported MC as an important facilitator of their ability to positively parent their children, enabling them to manage their own health needs (i.e., anxiety, endometriosis and arthritis). High costs of legal products hindered access to MC. Participants expressed unique risks that mothers face accessing the unregulated market for MC like being deemed a ‘bad mother’ and losing custody of children. Stigma was countered with narratives of empowerment through proactive MC conversations with children and agency by self‐medicating with MC despite the judgement they may face for being a parent that uses cannabis.Discussion and ConclusionsMothers felt managing their health with MC allowed them to be more present parents and better tolerate the stressors of motherhood. In‐depth exploration of discussing MC with children and anticipating these conversations was a novel finding. Most mothers tried to destigmatise MC in conversations by classifying it in the same category as other medications and discussing its therapeutic benefits. Few were cautious about having these conversations too early.
Oomycetous Pathogens of Chestnut Saplings Grown at Some Nurseries in Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye and Use of Phosphorous Acid and Potassium Phosphonate for Their Control
Authors: Çakar Deniz , Şimşek Seçil Akıllı , Arslan Mustafa , Maden Salih 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of Oomycetous pathogens and their pathogenicities on chestnut saplings, grown at four nurseries were investigated in this study. Also, the effectiveness of foliage applications of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and Potassium phosphonate (K3PO4), against Phytophthora cinnamomi which is the most common root rot pathogen of chestnuts in Türkiye was evaluated. Forty‐three Oomycetous isolates were obtained using selective media, from sixty plant and twenty soil samples collected from the nurseries. Oomycetous pathogens were identified by molecular tools, using ITS, cox1 for Phytophthora spp. and ITS and coxII primers for Phytopythium spp. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most frequently isolated species, recovered from two nurseries, Gökçebey and Pınar, while Phytophthora inundata was from only the Pınar nursery. Two Phytopythium species, Phytopythium litorale and Phytopythium vexans were also frequently isolated, the former from Pınar and Hendek nurseries and the latter from Gölköy, Hendek and Gökçebey nurseries. Phytopythium spp. did not produced necrosis as large as P. cinnamomi when inoculated on to young saplings. When H3PO3 and K3PO4 were applied on to foliage one or 2 weeks before the pathogen inoculation, they reduced necrosis lengths significantly compared to the simultaneous application of H3PO3 and K3PO4 with the pathogen inoculations. Necrosis lengths obtained by the K3PO4 treatment were significantly lower than H3PO3 treatment.
What Is a Specialist? Quantifying Host Breadth Enables Impact Prediction for Invasive Herbivores
Authors: Schulz Ashley N. , Havill Nathan P. , Marsico Travis D. , Ayres Matthew P. , Gandhi Kamal J.K. , Herms Daniel A. , Hoover Angela M. , Hufbauer Ruth A. , Liebhold Andrew M. , Raffa Kenneth F. , Thomas Kathryn A. , Tobin Patrick C. , Uden Daniel R. , Mech Angela M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHerbivores are commonly classified as host specialists or generalists for various purposes, yet the definitions of these terms, and their intermediates, are often imprecise and ambiguous. We quantified host breadth for 240 non‐native, tree‐feeding insects in North America using phylogenetic diversity. We demonstrated that a partitioning of host breadth: (1) causes 67% of non‐native insects to shift from a generalist to specialist category, (2) displays a reduction in host breadth from the native to introduced range, (3) identifies an inflection point in a model predicting the likelihood of non‐native insect ecological impact, with a corresponding change in behaviour associated with specialists versus generalists, and (4) enables three models for strong prediction of whether a non‐native forest insect will cause high impacts. Together, these results highlight the primacy of how herbivore host recognition and plant defences mediate whether novel host interactions will result in high impact after invasion.
Severe fluoropyrimidine toxicity in older adults with cancer with DPYD wild type
Authors: Brokaar Edwin , Knikman Jonathan , Visser Loes , van den Bos Frederiek , Henricks Linda , Lunenburg Carin , de Man Femke , Gelderblom Hans , Schellens Jan , Mathijssen Ron , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Portielje Johanneke , Cats Annemieke , Postmus Wout , de Glas Nienke 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDespite the implementation of DPYD genotype‐guided dosing, approximately 1 in 3 patients receiving fluoropyrimidine‐containing chemotherapy continues to experience severe toxicity. While clinical studies have demonstrated a favorable tolerance among highly selected fit older adults, real‐world studies have shown an increased risk of toxicity.ObjectiveTo identify predictors of severe toxicity or treatment deintensification in older DPYD wild‐type adults receiving fluoropyrimidine‐containing chemotherapy.MethodPatients wild type for four tested DPYD variants, aged ≥65 years, who participated in a prospective clinical trial investigating genotype‐guided individualized fluoropyrimidine dosing, were eligible for the study. The association between tumor‐, treatment‐, and patient‐related characteristics and the occurrence of severe toxicity (grade ≥3, CTCAE v5.0) was analyzed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The same analyses were performed for a composite endpoint of severe toxicity or treatment deintensification (including dose reduction, cycle delay, or discontinuation).ResultsA total of 311 patients were included. Median age was 71.2 years and 58.8% were male. Grade ≥3 toxicity occurred in 23.2% of patients. In multivariate analysis, none of the characteristics studied were significantly associated with the occurrence of grade ≥3 toxicity. The composite endpoint occurred in 41.2% of patients and was associated with the use of full dose monotherapy in multivariate analysis.ConclusionDespite DPYD genotype‐based dosing, grade ≥3 toxicity and treatment deintensification frequently occur in older patients treated with fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. No patient‐related variables were found to be associated with grade ≥3 toxicity, but treatment with dose‐reduced monotherapy resulted in fewer treatment deintensification or severe toxicity events.
Niche Difference Prevents Competitive Exclusion between the Invasive Submerged Macrophyte Elodea densa (Planch.) Casp. and Native Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle in a Large Plateau Lake
Authors: Shi Lei , Zheng Xing , Shan Hang , Hua Zhaohui , Wen Zihao , Yin Jinfeng , Chou Qingchuan , Zhang Xiaolin , Ni Leyi , Cao Te 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Biological invasions in freshwater ecosystems are increasingly severe, posing significant threats to ecosystem health and economic development. Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle and Elodea densa (Planch.) Casp. are two of the most aggressive invasive submerged macrophytes worldwide, and often regarded as similar species due to their growth forms and habitat requirements, although there are few field coexistence records. Hydrilla verticillata is a native species in the large plateau Lake Erhai, where the non‐native E. densa has been documented since 2017. This study aims at exploring the colonisation process of E. densa as well as its niche overlap and interspecific interactions with native H. verticillata in Lake Erhai.

A continuous seven‐year field investigation was conducted in Lake Erhai. Four indicators were used to assess the population distribution of H. verticillata and E. densa, including occurrence frequency, biomass, relative abundance and relative niche breadth. The logistic growth model was applied to analyse population dynamics. The Gaussian model was used to characterise their distribution with water depths. A stability index was employed to evaluate variations in measured indices across different water depths. Indicators of niche overlap and interspecific association were used to describe the coexistence and interactions between the two species.

Elodea densa established several stable populations in Lake Erhai after years of colonisation and naturalisation, primarily colonising deeper areas of the lake than H. verticillata. Elodea densa tended to thrive at depths of around 4.0 m, whereas H. verticillata typically grew at depths from 2.0 to 3.0 m. Hydrilla verticillata demonstrated greater stability across varying water depths than E. densa. Niche overlap between the two species was minimal.

Our findings indicated that in this large plateau lake, native H. verticillata exhibited higher competitiveness than alien E. densa. There was a distinct niche difference in water depths between H. verticillata and E. densa, which prevented competitive exclusion. The two species achieved stable coexistence at a lake‐wide scale.

This study provided the first field evidence for coexistence between two globally recognized invasive species, showing that in habitats with sufficient environmental gradients and filtering pressures, submerged macrophytes similar in taxonomy and appearance could avoid competitive exclusion by occupying different ecological niches, leading to stable coexistence.