bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of microstructures critically affecting material properties using machine learning framework based on metallurgists’ thinking process
Authors: Noguchi Satoshi , Wang Hui , Inoue Junya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn materials science, machine learning has been intensively researched and used in various applications. However, it is still far from achieving intelligence comparable to that of human experts in terms of creativity and explainability. In this paper, we investigate whether machine learning can acquire explainable knowledge without directly introducing problem-specific information such as explicit physical mechanisms. In particular, a potential of machine learning to obtain the capability to identify a part of material structures that critically affects a physical property without human prior knowledge is mainly discussed. The guide for constructing the machine learning framework adopted in this paper is to imitate human researchers’ process of thinking in the interpretation and development of materials. Our framework was applied to the optimization of structures of artificial dual-phase steels in terms of a fracture property. A comparison of results of the framework with those of numerical simulation based on governing physical laws demonstrated the potential of our framework for the identification of a part of microstructures critically affecting the target property. Consequently, this implies that our framework can implicitly acquire an intuition in a similar way that human researchers empirically attain the general strategy for material design consistent with the physical background.
Spin-Hall conductivity and Hall angle in a two-dimensional system with impurities in the presence of spin–orbit interactions
Authors: Sharma Hemant Kumar , Sil Shreekantha , Chatterjee Ashok 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the spin-torque-dependent Spin Hall phenomenon in a two-dimensional tight-binding system in the presence of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin–orbit interactions and random static impurities. We employ the Matsubara Green function techniques to calculate the relaxation time caused by the scattering of electrons by impurities. The longitudinal and transverse conductivities are next calculated with the help of the Kubo formalism. We have also calculated the spin Hall angle for the present model and studied its dependence on spin–orbit interactions and impurity strength. Finally, we explore the effect of interplay between the Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions on the spin-Hall effect.
Bidirectional modulation of evoked synaptic transmission by pulsed infrared light
Authors: Zhu Xuedong , Lin Jen-Wei , Sander Michelle Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInfrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) has been demonstrated as a novel modulation modality of neuronal excitability. However, the effects of pulsed IR light on synaptic transmission have not been investigated systematically. In this report, the IR light (2 μm) is used to directly modulate evoked synaptic transmission at the crayfish opener neuromuscular junction. The extracellularly recorded terminal action potentials (tAPs) and evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) modulated by localized IR light illumination (500 ms, 3–13 mW) aimed at the synapses are analyzed. The impact of a single IR light pulse on the presynaptic Ca2+ influx is monitored with Ca2+ indicators. The EPSC amplitude is enhanced, and its rising phase is accelerated under relatively low IR light power levels and localized temperature rises. Increasing the IR light power reversibly suppresses and eventually blocks the EPSCs. Meanwhile, the synaptic delay, tAP amplitude, and presynaptic Ca2+ influx decrease monotonously with higher IR light power. It is demonstrated for the first time that IR light illumination has bidirectional effects on evoked synaptic transmission. These results highlight the efficacy and flexibility of using pulsed IR light to directly control synaptic transmission and advance our understanding of INM of neural networks.
Differential biological responses of adherent and non-adherent (cancer and non-cancerous) cells to variable extremely low frequency magnetic fields
Authors: Nezamtaheri Maryam Sadat , Goliaei Bahram , Shariatpanahi Seyed Peyman , Ansari Alireza Madjid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) induces biological effects on different cells through various signaling pathways. To study the impact of the ELF-EMF on living cells under an optimal physiological condition, we have designed and constructed a novel system that eliminates several limitations of other ELF-EMF systems. Apoptosis and cell number were assessed by flow cytometry and the Trypan Blue dye exclusion method, respectively. In vitro cell survival was evaluated by colony formation assay. The distribution of cells in the cell cycle, intracellular ROS level, and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometer. Suspended cells differentiation was assessed by phagocytosis of latex particles and NBT reduction assay. Our results showed that response to the exposure to ELF-EMF is specific and depends on the biological state of the cell. For DU145, HUVEC, and K562 cell lines the optimum results were obtained at the frequency of 0.01 Hz, while for MDA-MB-231, the optimum response was obtained at 1 Hz. Long-term exposure to ELF-EMF in adherent cells effectively inhibited proliferation by arresting the cell population at the cell cycle G2/M phase and increased intracellular ROS level, leading to morphological changes and cell death. The K562 cells exposed to the ELF-EMF differentiate via induction of autophagy and decreasing the cell number. Our novel ELF-EMF instrument could change morphological and cell behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, and cell death.
Inclusion of a tannin-rich legume in the diet of beef steers reduces greenhouse gas emissions from their excreta
Authors: O. S. van Cleef Flavia , B. Dubeux José C. , M. Ciriaco Francine , Henry Darren D. , Ruiz-Moreno Martin , M. Jaramillo David , Garcia Liza , S. Santos Erick R. , DiLorenzo Nicolas , B. Vendramini João M. , Naumann Harley D. , Sollenberger Lynn E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as the isotopic composition of N2O from excreta of beef steers fed ‘AU Grazer’ sericea lespedeza hay [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don]. Fifteen Brahman × Angus crossbred steers were fed one of three experimental diets: 0, 50, or 100% inclusion of SL into ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). Gas sampling occurred on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 18, 25, and 32 after urine or feces application to static chambers for two experimental periods. Effect of the day after feces application (P < 0.001), while day × inclusion of SL interaction was observed in urine (P < 0.001) for all greenhouse gases (GHG) analyzed. Peaks of emission of all GHG in urine and feces occurred in the first days (P < 0.001), with days 3 and 5 being most depleted in 15N-N2O in feces, and days 3, 5, and 7, in urine (P < 0.001). Feeding SL to beef steers was effective in mitigating the emission of GHG from the excreta, but further research is necessary to investigate the mechanisms behind the reductions.
The Conventional Gait Model’s sensitivity to lower-limb marker placement
Authors: Fonseca M. , Bergere M. , Candido J. , Leboeuf F. , Dumas R. , Armand S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClinical gait analysis supports treatment decisions for patients with motor disorders. Measurement reproducibility is affected by extrinsic errors such as marker misplacement—considered the main factor in gait analysis variability. However, how marker placement affects output kinematics is not completely understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the Conventional Gait Model’s sensitivity to marker placement. Using a dataset of kinematics for 20 children, eight lower-limb markers were virtually displaced by 10 mm in all four planes, and all the displacement combinations were recalculated. Root-mean-square deviation angles were calculated for each simulation with respect to the original kinematics. The marker movements with the greatest impact were for the femoral and tibial wands together with the lateral femoral epicondyle marker when displaced in the anterior–posterior axis. When displaced alone, the femoral wand was responsible for a deviation of 7.3° (± 1.8°) in hip rotation. Transversal plane measurements were affected most, with around 40% of simulations resulting in an effect greater than the acceptable limit of 5°. This study also provided insight into which markers need to be placed very carefully to obtain more reliable gait data.
Enhancing memory capacity by experimentally slowing theta frequency oscillations using combined EEG-tACS
Authors: Aktürk Tuba , de Graaf Tom A. , Güntekin Bahar , Hanoğlu Lütfü , Sack Alexander T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe coupling of gamma oscillation (~ 40+ Hz) amplitude to the phase of ongoing theta (~ 6 Hz) oscillations has been proposed to be directly relevant for memory performance. Current theories suggest that memory capacity scales with number of gamma cycles that can be fitted into the preferred phase of a theta cycle. Following this logic, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) may be used to adjust theta cycles (increasing/decreasing theta frequency) to decrease or increase memory performance during stimulation. Here, we used individualized EEG-informed theta tACS to (1) experimentally “slow down” individual theta frequency (ITF), (2) evaluate cognitiveafter effectson a battery of memory and learning tasks, and (3) link the cognitive performance changes to tACS-induced effects on theta-band oscillations as measured by post EEG. We found frequency- and task-specific tACS after effects demonstrating a specific enhancement in memory capacity. This tACS-induced cognitive enhancement was specific to the visual memory task performed immediately after tACS offset, and specific to the ITF-1 Hz (slowing) stimulation condition and thus following a protocol specifically designed to slow down theta frequency to enhance memory capacity. Follow-up correlation analyses in this group linked the enhanced memory performance to increased left frontal-parietal theta-band connectivity. Interestingly, resting-state theta power immediately after tACS offset revealed a theta power increase not for the ITF-1 Hz group, but only for the ITF group where the tACS frequency was ‘optimal’ for entrainment. These results suggest that while individually calibrated tACS at peak frequency maximally modulates resting-state oscillatory power, tACS stimulation slightly below this optimal peak theta frequency is better suited to enhance memory capacity performance. Importantly, our results further suggest that such cognitive enhancement effects can last beyond the period of stimulation and are linked to increased network connectivity, opening the door towards more clinical and applied relevance of using tACS in cognitive rehabilitation and/or neurocognitive enhancement.
Generation of realistic synthetic data using Multimodal Neural Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Wendland Philipp , Birkenbihl Colin , Gomez-Freixa Marc , Sood Meemansa , Kschischo Maik , Fröhlich Holger 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividual organizations, such as hospitals, pharmaceutical companies, and health insurance providers, are currently limited in their ability to collect data that are fully representative of a disease population. This can, in turn, negatively impact the generalization ability of statistical models and scientific insights. However, sharing data across different organizations is highly restricted by legal regulations. While federated data access concepts exist, they are technically and organizationally difficult to realize. An alternative approach would be to exchange synthetic patient data instead. In this work, we introduce the Multimodal Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (MultiNODEs), a hybrid, multimodal AI approach, which allows for generating highly realistic synthetic patient trajectories on a continuous time scale, hence enabling smooth interpolation and extrapolation of clinical studies. Our proposed method can integrate both static and longitudinal data, and implicitly handles missing values. We demonstrate the capabilities of MultiNODEs by applying them to real patient-level data from two independent clinical studies and simulated epidemiological data of an infectious disease.
Structures of L-BC virus and its open particle provide insight into Totivirus capsid assembly
Authors: Grybchuk Danyil , Procházková Michaela , Füzik Tibor , Konovalovas Aleksandras , Serva Saulius , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Plevka Pavel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractL-BC virus persists in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, whereas other viruses from the familyTotiviridaeinfect a diverse group of organisms including protists, fungi, arthropods, and vertebrates. The presence of totiviruses alters the fitness of the host organisms, for example, by maintaining the killer system in yeast or increasing the virulence ofLeishmania guyanensis. Despite the importance of totiviruses for their host survival, there is limited information aboutTotivirusstructure and assembly. Here we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of L-BC virus to a resolution of 2.9 Å. The L-BC capsid is organized with icosahedral symmetry, with each asymmetric unit composed of two copies of the capsid protein. Decamers of capsid proteins are stabilized by domain swapping of the C-termini of subunits located around icosahedral fivefold axes. We show that capsids of 9% of particles in a purified L-BC sample were open and lacked one decamer of capsid proteins. The existence of the open particles together with domain swapping within a decamer provides evidence thatTotiviridaecapsids assemble from the decamers of capsid proteins. Furthermore, the open particles may be assembly intermediates that are prepared for the incorporation of the virus (+) strand RNA.
Direct observation of heterogeneous formation of amyloid spherulites in real-time by super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Zhang Min , Pinholt Henrik D. , Zhou Xin , Bohr Søren S.-R. , Banetta Luca , Zaccone Alessio , Foderà Vito , Hatzakis Nikos S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProtein misfolding in the form of fibrils or spherulites is involved in a spectrum of pathological abnormalities. Our current understanding of protein aggregation mechanisms has primarily relied on the use of spectrometric methods to determine the average growth rates and diffraction-limited microscopes with low temporal resolution to observe the large-scale morphologies of intermediates. We developed a REal-time kinetics via binding and Photobleaching LOcalization Microscopy (REPLOM) super-resolution method to directly observe and quantify the existence and abundance of diverse aggregate morphologies of human insulin, below the diffraction limit and extract their heterogeneous growth kinetics. Our results revealed that even the growth of microscopically identical aggregates, e.g., amyloid spherulites, may follow distinct pathways. Specifically, spherulites do not exclusively grow isotropically but, surprisingly, may also grow anisotropically, following similar pathways as reported for minerals and polymers. Combining our technique with machine learning approaches, we associated growth rates to specific morphological transitions and provided energy barriers and the energy landscape at the level of single aggregate morphology. Our unifying framework for the detection and analysis of spherulite growth can be extended to other self-assembled systems characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, disentangling the broad spectrum of diverse morphologies at the single-molecule level.
Stable Southern Hemisphere westerly winds throughout the Holocene until intensification in the last two millennia
Authors: van der Bilt Willem G. M. , D’Andrea William J. , Oppedal Lea T. , Bakke Jostein , Bjune Anne E. , Zwier Maaike 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere westerly winds sustain the Southern Ocean’s role as one of Earth’s main carbon sinks, and have helped sequester nearly half the anthropogenic CO2 stored in the ocean. Observations show shifts in the vigor of this climate regulator, but models disagree how future change impacts carbon storage due to scarce baseline data. Here, we use the hydrogen isotope ratios of sedimentary lipids to resolve Holocene changes in Southern Hemisphere westerly wind strength. Our reconstruction reveals stable values until ~2150 years ago when aquatic compounds became more 2H-enriched. We attribute this isotope excursion to wind-driven lake water evaporation, and regional paleoclimate evidence shows it marks a trend towards a negative Southern Annular Mode – the Southern Ocean’s main mode of atmospheric variability. Because this shift is unmatched in the past 7000 years, our findings suggest that previously published millennium-long Southern Annular Mode indices used to benchmark future change may not capture the full range of natural variability.
A novel virtual synchronous machine implementation and verification of its effectiveness to mitigate renewable generation connection issues at weak transmission grid locations
Authors: Gunasekara Randupama , Muthumuni Dharshana , Filizadeh Shaahin , Kho Denis , Marshall Benjamin , Ponnalagan Bharath , Adeuyi Oluwole D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale penetration of renewable resource based generation will displace conventional synchronous machine‐based power generation. This will lower the overall system inertia and will result in lower short circuit levels at point of connection (POC) of renewable resources. Renewable resources such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) are interfaced to the power system via power electronic inverters. Operation of inverter‐based equipment under low inertia and low short circuit conditions is challenging. Specific challenges include fault recovery response, unstable oscillatory interactions, and impact on torsional oscillations of thermal generating units. In this paper, the effectiveness of inverters, controlled as a virtual synchronous machine (VSM), to overcome some of these issues is investigated. A battery energy storage system (BESS) inverter is controlled as a VSM. The input signals provided to the BESS inverter are derived from solving the time domain equations of a synchronous machine. The response of exciter, governor, and power system stabilizer (PSS) are also included in the VSM strategy. The dynamic characteristics of the proposed VSM are verified using a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) test model. The effectiveness of the proposed VSM approach to mitigate specific technical challenges is verified by performing dynamic response studies on two test systems. The two test systems represent selected regions of practical power systems with high renewable penetration. The VSM response is compared with a conventional synchronous machine response in all test cases, to demonstrate the close correlation of dynamic response. The simulation results demonstrate that the VSM's response is as expected and is capable of mitigating stability‐related issues due to low system inertia and low short circuit strength.
Die Kraft der Beobachtung
Authors: Singer Dominique 
Published: August 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leservielen in der Neonatologie erfahrenen Pflegekräften und Ärzt:innen
ist der Umstand geläufig, dass man gefährdeten Früh- und
Neugeborenen an ihrem Bewegungsmuster „irgendwie“ ansieht, wenn sie
später eine motorische Beeinträchtigung entwickeln. Das ist deswegen
bemerkenswert, weil die Motorik bei Neugeborenen und jungen Säuglingen noch
nicht unter zentraler Kontrolle steht und eine spastische Zerebralparese daher
für gewöhnlich erst dann erkennbar wird, wenn die Myelinisierung der
Pyramidenbahn so weit fortgeschritten ist, dass sich auch deren Schädigung
entsprechend auswirkt. Es ist das Verdienst des österreichischen
Entwicklungsneurologen Heinz Friedrich Rudolf Prechtl (1927–2014), der im
niederländischen Groningen lehrte, dass er das frühkindliche
Bewegungsmuster einer systematischen Auswertung zugänglich gemacht hat, die
auch valide diagnostische und prognostische Aussagen erlaubt.
Telemedicine Health Care Delivery: A Global Strategy during COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Optimisation for Homoeopathy in India
Authors: Manchanda Raj Kumar , Ponnam Hima Bindu , Rompicherla Kiranmayee G.R. , Nayak C 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background After the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation, the physical medical consultations became almost impossible. Telemedicine (TM) health care delivery (HCD) seemed to be the only means to handle the crisis and served as a boon in the management of mild to moderate COVID-19 cases. The telemedicine practice (TMP) spread worldwide in no time, and the same was adopted even in homoeopathic consultations.
Objective The aim of this study is to highlight the TM practice globally and its adoption in homoeopathy concerning notified guidelines by the Central Council of Homoeopathy, erstwhile National Commission for Homoeopathy, Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Sow-Rigpa, Siddha and Homoeopathy), Government of India.
Conclusion TMP has become a necessity for easy access to essential and universal health care and to treat remotely located patients. The publication of these guidelines for homoeopathic consultations is timely to strengthen and encourage its usage in public HCD. There is a need to periodically evaluate its optimal integration in digital health care in the future.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation Studies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Joustra Vincent , Hageman Ishtu L , Satsangi Jack , Adams Alex , Ventham Nicholas T , de Jonge Wouter J , Henneman Peter , D’Haens Geert R , Li Yim Andrew Y F 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsOver the past decade, the DNA methylome has been increasingly studied in peripheral blood of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. However, a comprehensive summary and meta-analysis of peripheral blood leukocyte [PBL] DNA methylation studies has thus far not been conducted. Here, we systematically reviewed all available literature up to February 2022 and summarized the observations by means of meta-analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search and critical appraisal of IBD-associated DNA methylation studies in PBL using the biomarker-based cross-sectional studies [BIOCROSS] tool. Subsequently, we performed meta-analyses on the summary statistics obtained from epigenome-wide association studies [EWAS] that included patients with Crohn’s disease [CD], ulcerative colitis [UC] and/or healthy controls [HC].ResultsAltogether, we included 15 studies for systematic review. Critical appraisal revealed large methodological and outcome heterogeneity between studies. Summary statistics were obtained from four studies based on a cumulative 552 samples [177 CD, 132 UC and 243 HC]. Consistent differential methylation was identified for 256 differentially methylated probes [DMPs; Bonferroni-adjusted p ≤ 0.05] when comparing CD with HC and 103 when comparing UC with HC. Comparing IBD [CD + UC] with HC resulted in 224 DMPs. Importantly, several of the previously identified DMPs, such as VMP1/TMEM49/MIR21 and RPS6KA2, were consistently differentially methylated across all studies.ConclusionMethodological homogenization of IBD epigenetic studies is needed to allow for easier aggregation and independent validation. Nonetheless, we were able to confirm previous observations. Our results can serve as the basis for future IBD epigenetic biomarker research in PBL.