bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitzgerald’s War: Bryan Dalyrimple, Josephine Perry, Pat Hobby, and the Politics of Disillusionment
Authors: Berman Ronald 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Although F. Scott Fitzgerald’s fiction includes a number of combatants in the Great War, the global conflagration does not interest him primarily as a theater of combat. Rather, whenever war is discussion in his work, other social issues are implied—namely, disillusion and indifference. In the early short story “Dalyrimple Goes Wrong,” the veteran’s real shell shock occurs when he discovers that military service does not open the doors to upward mobility, and he finds opportunity only in a life of crime (that ironically eventuates a political career). In Josephine Perry stories such as “First Blood,” “A Snobbish Story,” and “Emotional Bankruptcy,” the war is remote history even as it is ongoing; the obligations of patriotism quickly sink into the great Sahara of American apathy. Finally, even in late Pat Hobby stories like “Two Old-Timers,” war is revealed to be nothing more than a flickering cinematic simulacrum of bravery that shapes both cultural and personal memory, a delusion that only insiders like Fitzgerald’s screenwriting hack know is engineered. Reading these three overlooked texts against the backdrop of commentary by H. L. Mencken, Edmund Wilson, and R. H. Tawney, this article argues that the cynicism of the interwar years did not begin in the battlefields but in the parlors, backrooms, and studio back lots of the home front.
Response of the sub-tropical ridge of Asia towards an unstable wave of the mid-latitude
Authors: THAW SANHLA 
Published: April 2022

In July .1977, an unstable wave has developed in the mid-latitude. As a consequence, anticyclonic cells formed m the subtropical ridge of Asia. The cells in the mid-troposphere moved west while those m the upper levels moved east. Burma happened to be in the passage of the cells and have experienced change of rainfall pattern.
Climatological assessment of water harvesting technology through dug-out ponds in arid regions
Authors: SURYANARAYANA G , MEGERI SN 
Published: April 2022

The daily rainfall data of Bijapur for the period from 1930 to 1981 is studied to assess the feasibility of water harvesting through dug -out ponds. The initial and conditional probability analysis is done for receiving rainfall amounts of 10 to 30 mm per week to understand the continuity of wet spells. Daily soil water balance of deep black soils of Bijapur is studied to work out the availability of excess water for runoff collection. The study brings out the importance of thorough understanding of rainfall behaviour of arid regions- while developing water harvesting technology.
The seasonal variability of stratopause height, temperature, density, zonal wind field and their oscillations over equatorial India
Authors: SARKAR TK , PADMANABHAN CD 
Published: April 2022

Present study deals in detail the seasonal variation of height, temperature, density and zonal wind at stratopause level over equatorial India" It has been shown that height, temperature and density exhibit double maxima and zonal wind shows alternating pattern of easterly and westerly which repeat with R period of six months. It was also observed that maximum variability of zonal wind and temperature occur during winter and summer. From a further study of oscillation of stratopause of temperature, density and zonal wind, it is concluded that both temperature and zonal wind exhibit predominance of semi-annual over annual oscillation.
Analisis Putusan Pengadilan pada Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dana Haji (Studi Putusan No.93/Pid.Sus/TPK/ 2015/PN.Jkt.Pst)
Authors: Hafid Hafid , Suparmin Entol 
Published: April 2022

Adapun rumusan masalah penulisan ini yaitu apakah penjatuhan sanksi pidana korupsi dana haji sama dengan penjatuhan tindak pidana korupsi pada umumnya. Apa yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan Hukum bagi Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana korupsi perkara no.93/Pid.Sus/TPK/2015/PN.Jkt.Pst. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, metode normatif dilakukan terhadap hal-hal yang bersifat teoritis yang sesuai asas-asas hukum, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini yaitu Mengetahui apakah penjatuhan sanksi pidana korupsi dana haji sama dengan penjatuhan tindak pidana korupsi pada umumnya. mengetahui apa yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan Hukum bagi Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana pada pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam perkara No.93/Pid.Sus/TPK/2015/PN.Jkt.Pst. Penegakan hukum oleh Pengadilan Tipikor Pada Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat dalam penjatuhan pidana yakni dasar hukum dalam mengadili perkara tipikor Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengadilan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, pada tahap tersebut dimaksudkan dimana peraturan yang dibuat agar dapat dijalankan maksimal kepada pelaku korupsi. Kesimpulan Penerapan pasal 3 jo pasal 18 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi Sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang nomor 20 Tahun 2001 Tentang perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi jo pasal 55 ayat (1) ke 1 jo pasal 65 ayat (1) KUHPidana. Saran perlu evaluasi dalam penanganan tindak pidana korupsi dengan melakukan pola yang bersinergi.
Islamic Economy as an Alternative Solution Economy Crysis
Authors: Pshenichnov Nikolay 
Published: April 2022

The problem of the economic crisis reoccurred again in the global territory that began with the economic crisis in the country of Greece. The crisis arising from the country's financial deficit due to enormous state debt has an impact on the economic crisis in the European region. This phase of economic crisis is a manifestation of the failure of the capitalist economic system imposed by western countries. Many economists began to open discourse to review the existing economic system because it did not provide welfare for the community.
Islamic economics starting in the 1970s has begun to be widely studied by various universities in the world, which was eventually implemented with the establishment of the first Islamic Development Bank (IDB) in Jeddah. This then continued with the establishment of an institution for how to distribute the wealth in the financial community (tauzi'ul tsarwah bayna an-ill-fated) with the Islamic economic system. There are 3 (three) principles of Islamic economics which include: the principle of how to obtain assets (al milkiyah), how to manage the ownership of assets that are already owned (tasharuruf fil milkiyah). The ownership of assets in the Islamic economic system consists of balanced individual, state and general ownership. So it is expected that there will be more equitable welfare and of course the existence of moral values ​​for all economic actors.
Wortschatzaufbau durch virtuelle Lesecoachings
Authors: Udry Isabelle , Kutzelmann Sabine 
Published: April 2022

Im Projekt «Lesecoachings per Videochat» werden digitale Mittel der Kommunikation für die Lernbegleitung genutzt. Konkret geht es darum, dass angehende Primarlehrpersonen in die Rolle von Lesecoachs schlüpfen, die Schüler*innen während Sequenzen von 20–30 Minuten online beim Lesetraining begleiten und beraten. Auf diese Weise werden die mehrsprachigen Leserollen mehrmals abwechselnd gelesen, sodass die Worterkennung in Schul- und Fremdsprache zunehmend automatisiert wird, der Sichtwortschatz sich vergrössert und die Lesegeschwindigkeit sich erhöht.Die ersten Erfahrungen zeigen, dass das «Lesecoaching per Videochat» von den Studierenden und den Kindern als motivierende und gewinnbringende Lerngelegenheit wahrgenommen wurde. Die Begleitung durch die Studierenden erlaubten es den Schülerinnen und Schülern ihre mehrsprachigen Leserollen zunehmend genauer, schneller und besser intoniert vorzulesen. Insgesamt wurde das Setting «Lesecoachings per Videochat» als zukunftsfähig eingeschätzt, besonders in Kombination mit Präsenz vor Ort. Das Format kann auf andere Aus- und Weiterbildungskontexte übertragen werden, die eine prägnante und effiziente Lernbegleitung mit zeitlich limitierten Ressourcen vorsehen.
Wortschatzlernen mit den Übersetzungstools DeepL und LEO im Kontext einer Schreibaufgabe: Nutzungserfahrungen und Überzeugungen von Lernenden der Sekundarstufe I
Authors: Perrin Raphaël , Diederich Catherine , Wild Sandrine , Grimm Linda 
Published: April 2022

Die qualitativen Fortschritte im Bereich der maschinellen Übersetzung und die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Schule werfen für die Wortschatzarbeit im Fremdsprachenunterricht viele Fragen auf. Gerade für Lernende der Sek I, die sich in ihrem Fremdsprachenerwerb noch nahezu auf einem Anfängerniveau befinden, stellt sich die Frage nach einem sinnvollen Einsatz solcher Tools.
Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurde mit 15 Französischlernenden der Sek I eine Schreibaufgabe durchgeführt, welche die Verwendung des Onlinewörterbuchs LEO und des maschinellen Übersetzungsprogramms DeepL vorsah. Die Auswertung der Lernenden-Befragung zeichnet ein heterogenes Meinungsbild mit Implikationen für einen lernförderlichen Einbezug solcher Tools.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial team of Babylonia  
Published: April 2022

We at the Babylonia team are at a loss for words about the war in Ukraine.We do not understand how we can possibly be watching such a situation unfold. We do not understand how we have watched such situations unfold in other nations (not only in the past, but also currently in Nigeria, Syria, Myanmar, and many other countries) and never reacted as we have now. We are truly at a loss for words.
We are trying to find words:

Words to help those suffering.
Words to thank those providing us with news.
Words to help young refugees integrate in our schools.
Words to thank our teachers and social workers.

We see small movements in education. Public libraries now allow ALL, not just Ukrainian, refugees, to have free access (Winterthur, for example just initiated this in April 2022 – in February and March, only Ukrainian refugees got free access, others only reduced fees) to their services. We see the Lehrerinnen und Lehrer Schweiz groups sending out myriad amazing language resources for Ukrainian language learning for teachers welcoming new learners. We see universities organizing fundraisers and information campaigns and we at Babylonia would like to do our bit, but we are at a loss for words.
In the past, Babylonia has treated issues of social justice, rights, refugees, and mediation. And this concept of mediation is of utmost importance right now - negotiating and finding agreements through any means possible. But this issue of Babylonia is about words; we do not deal with any of these other serious issues. Our hearts do go out and we do hope that our upcoming issues will not need such an editorial.
TAKHRIJ AL-HADITH HADIS-HADIS DALAM BUKU SISWA “PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDI PEKERTI” KELAS XI
Authors: Khamim Khamim 
Published: April 2022

Takhrij al-Hadith pada buku “Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dan Budi Pekerti” Kelas XI belum ditemukan. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada pelacakan sumber hadis-hadis dari buku tersebut dan kualitasnya, sehingga hasil penelitian ini akan menjadi rujukan guru untuk menjelaskan kualitas hadis pada siswanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode takhrij melalui kata pertama atau lafadz pembuka pada matn hadis menggunakan kitab Al-Jami’ al-Saghir fi Ahadith al-Bashir al-Nadhir karya Imam al-Suyuti. Selain itu, dalam proses pengumpulan data, penelitian ini memanfaatkan 2 (dua) software, yaitu: موسوعة الحديث الشريف versi 2,1 (Shirkat al-Sahr li al-Baramij al-Hāsib, 1991-1996) dan CD المكتبة الألفية للسنة النبوية versi 1.5 (Markaz al-Turāth li Abhāth al-Hāsib, 1999). Telah ditemukan sebanyak 179 sumber hadis dari 30 hadis dari penelitian buku di atas. Sebanyak 176 sumber dari kitab-kitab hadis sumber pokok, yaitu 9 kitab hadis dan 3 selain kitab-kitab hadis sumber pokok. Dari 30 hadis buku di atas, terdapat hadis yang berkualitas Sahīh li Dhātih sebanyak 19 (63,33%), Sahīh li Ghayrih sebanyak 2 (6,67%), Hasan li Dhātih sebanyak 6 (20%), dan Da’īf dan mawdu' sebanyak 3 (10%).Kata kunci: Takhrīj al-Hadith, PAI dan Budi Pekerti SMA/SMKAbstractTakhrīj al-Hadith in the book "Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character" Class XI has not been found. This study focuses on tracing the sources of the hadiths from the book and their quality, so that the results of this study will become a reference for teachers to explain the quality of hadiths to their students. This study uses the takhrīj method through the first word or opening lafadz in the hadith matn using the book Al-Jami 'al-Saghir fi Ahadith al-Bashir al-Nadhir by Imam. al-Suyuti. In addition, in the data collection process, this study utilizes 2 (two) software, namely: موسوعة الحديث الشريف version 2.1 (Shirkat al-Sahr li al-Barīmij al-Hāsib, 1991-1996) and CD المكتبة الألفية للسنة النبوية version 1.5 (Markaz) al-Turāth li Abhāth al-Hāsib, 1999). It has been found that 179 sources of hadith from the 30 traditions from the above book research have been found. A total of 176 sources were from the main source hadith books, namely 9 hadith books and 3 other than the main source hadith books. Of the 30 hadith books above, there are 19 (63.33%) Sahīh li Dhātih qualities, 2 (6.67%) Sahīh li Ghayrih (6.67%), Hasan li Dhātih 6 (20%), and Da'īf and mawdu' as much as 3 (10%)Keywords: Takhrīj al-Hadith, PAI dan Budi Pekerti SMA/SMK
PRAKTIK SHOLAT DHUHA DAN SHOLAT TAHAJJUD BERJAMA’AH DI PONDOK PESANTREN HAMALATUL QUR’AN JOGOROTO JOMBANG (SEBUAH KAJIAN LIVING HADITS)
Authors: Rudik Ahmad , Rois Mohammad Abdul 
Published: April 2022

Praktik Salat Duha dan Salat Tahajud Berjamaah di Pondok Pesantren Hamalatul Qur’an Jogoroto Jombang, berfungsi untuk membantu hafalan dan muraja’ah santri. Kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu cara melestarikan kebiasaan K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari dan ulama salaf. Penenlitian ini menjelaskan tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan, struktur genealogi pemikiran, dan tinjauan hadisnya. Untuk mendapatkan data, peneliti melakukan observasi dan wawancara, serta mencari hadisnya di kutubus sittah dan keterangan para ulama’ di kitab fiqh. Peneliti mendapati pelaksanaan salat duha pada pukul 06.00 – 06.30 WIB dengan maqra’ setengah juz dan tahajud berjamaah dilaksanakan pukul 02.30 WIB (persiapan) – 03.45 WIB. Kegiatan tersebut dipimpin langsung oleh pengasuh dengan bi al-hifz}i dan disimak oleh para santri yang lain dengan mushaf yang dibawa ketika salat (bi an-naz}ar). Tradisi ini merupakan gagasan pengasuh yang terinspirasi dari pengalaman pribadi Pengasuh Pondok Pesantren Hamalatul Qur’an sebagai alumni Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’anHHhhhhhhhhh. Walaupun tidak ada hadis yang menganjurkan atau melarang tahajud berjamaah sambil membawa mushaf untuk menyimak bacaan imam, tapi berjamaah dan memperhatikan bacaan imam adalah hal yang baik dan memiliki fadhilah/keutamaan. ABSTRACTThe congregational of Duha Prayers and Tahajud Prayers at the Hamalatul Qur'an Jogoroto Jombang Islamic Boarding School, serves to help the students memorize and muraja'ah. This activity is to preserve the habit of K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari and salaf scholars. This research describes the activities, the genealogy of thought, and a review of the hadiths. To get the data, the researcher made observations and interviews, and looked for the hadith in the kutubu sittah and the explanation of the scholars in the book of fiqh. Research found that duha prayer is held at 06.00 - 06.30 WIB and tahajud is held at 02.30 WIB (preparation) - 03.45 WIB with maqra 'half juz. The Head of pesantren read it from his memory and listened to by students with a mushaf on their hands. This tradition is an idea of The Head of pesantren which is inspired by the his experience as an alumni of the Madrasatul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School of Tebuireng. Although there is no hadith that recommends or prohibits tahajud in congregation while carrying a Mushaf to listen to the Imam's reading, congregation and paying attention to the reading of the Imam is a good thing and has fadila / virtue.
Museum Batik Danar Hadi Solo
Authors: Lutfianti Ersalora 
Published: April 2022

Batik bagi masyarakat Indonesia telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Tidak hanya dikenakan dalam acara sakral, kini batik biasa digunakan untuk bekerja ataupun untuk menghadiri acara resmi lainnya. Pada tahun 2009, batik Indonesia telah diakui secara internasional sebagai warisan budaya tak benda yang ditetapkan oleh UNESCO.
Museum Batik Danar Hadi mengisahkan tentang perkembangan sejarah batik di Indonesia yang terdisplay dalam helaian kain batik. Museum Batik Danar Hadi memiliki koleksi 1.000 helai kain batik yang terdiri dari batik kuno dan batik kontemporer.
Strength, Water Absorption, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of a Biopolymer Composite Wound Dressing
Authors: Odili Chiosa , Sekunowo Israel Olatunde , Ilomuanya Margaret Okonawan , Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Adeosun Samson Oluropo 
Published: April 2022

Conventional wound material allows bacterial invasions, trauma and discomfort associated with the changing of the dressing material, and the accumulation of body fluid for wounds with high exudate. However, there is a shift from conventional wound dressing materials to polymeric nanofibers due to their high surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, good pore size distribution, which allows for cell adhesion and proliferation. There is an urgent need to synthesis a biodegradable composite that is resistant to bacterial infection. In this study, an electrospun polylactide (PLA) composite suitable for wound dressing, with enhanced antimicrobial and mechanical properties, was produced. The neat PLA, PLA/CH (10 wt.%), PLA/CH (5 wt.%), PLA/CHS (10 wt.%), PLA/CHS (5 wt.%), PLA/CH (2.5 wt.%) /CHS (2.5 wt.%) and PLA/CH (5 wt.%)/CHS (5 wt.%), were electrospun using 0.14 g/ml solution. Results show that crystallinity (67.6%) of neat PLA declined by 3.8% on the addition of 2.5 wt.% chitin/chitosan with improved hydrophilicity of the composite. The tensile strength of neat PLA (0.3 MPa) increased (0.6 MPa) with 2.5 wt.% chitin/chitosan addition. The slight increase in the glass transition temperature from 75°C for neat PLA to 78°C of the composite fibre, showed improved ductility. The fibres showed little beads, hence suitable for wound dressing. The electrospun mats have good water absorption capacity and strong resistance against Staphylococcus aureus. Good performance was attained at 5 wt.% of chitin, chitosan and hybrid reinforcements. Therefore, a PLA/chitin/chitosan composite is recommended as a wound dressing material.
Tithonia diversifolia Powder and Compost Ameliorate Plant Growth Parameters, Essential Oils, Phenols and Flavonoids Content and Anticandida Activity of Ocimum gratissimum L.
Authors: Blaise Dongmo Lekagne Joseph , Ngum Che Ruth , Edouard Nantia Akono , Menkem Elisabeth Zeuko’o , Pascal Manfo Tsague Faustin , Desiré Mbouobda Herman , Stephane Kamgang Kiage , Julienne Nguefack 
Published: April 2022

Aims: Ocimum gratissimum is an aromatic and medicinal plant, well known for its medicinal values such as antifungal properties. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of T. diversifolia powder and compost use as biofertilizer on the growth parameters, essential oil (EO), total phenolic and flavonoid content and anticandida activity of O. gratissimum.
Study Design: O. gratissimum plants were cultivated for 8 months in an experimental farm designed as a split plot into 4 blocks. Each block was amended (main factor) either with T. diversifolia compost (150 g/plant), powder (40 g/plant) or the synthetic fertilizer NPK (10 g/plant), respectively, followed by sprayed (second factor) with same fertilizer at 20 g/L, 20 g/L and 2 g/L or water every two weeks after transplantation. The control block received no amendment and was sprayed with water or the previous fertilizer.
Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out within August 2019 to October 2020 in Yaoundé-Cameroon.
Methodology: Plant growth parameters (fresh and dry leaves weight, florescent weight and plant height) were evaluated at four and eight months after transplantation. The harvested fresh leaves were hydrodistillated for EO and the hot aqueous extract. Both extracts were used for the evaluation of the anticandida activity while the latter was submitted to total flavonoids and phenolic analyses.
Results: At 4 and 8 months after transplantation, the synthetic fertilizer and T. diversifolia compost significantly increased plant growth parameters as compared to other treatments. The plants treated with T. diversifolia biofertilizer compost showed the highest total phenolic (53.16 µg GAE/µL), flavonoid (36.32 µg// GAE/µL) content, and EO yield (0.666%). The EO from O. gratissimum treated with T. diversifolia compost showed the best inhibitory activity on C. albicans NR-29451.
Conclusion: This study showed that T. diversifolia compost was a promising organic fertilizer in optimizing the growth, secondary metabolites and anticandida activity of O. gratissimum.
A Hypothetical Theoretical Model for Accelerating Adaptation and Cooperation with Help of Repeated External Environment Condition
Authors: Vala Harpal 
Published: April 2022

By performing any process in a specific situation, the living organism starts updating itself based on that situation. A hypothetical theory is presented by using game theory in this hypothetical theoretical research paper. According to which two different species (hypothetical consider species A+ and species B-) are passed through the system of different five compartments.
Species A + and species B- passing through the five compartment model system can only do so in one compartment (compartment E) in the presence of a particular external environment factor.
If compartment E contains a limited amount of essential carbon source like sucrose for the bacteriological system, it is likely that species A+ and species B- will initially compete, but frequent contact with each other in sequence will turn corporations into compartment E for limited self-uptake of sucrose by species A+. . Competition will be reduced so that it is also available for species B. This adaptive behaviour of the Bacterial system can be confirmed through capillary feeder assay (CAFÉ Assay) by transferring Adapted bacteria to drosophila
Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Effects of Honey in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Alaebo Prince O. , Umeh Virginus A. , Njoku George C. , Ezennaya Izuchukwu E. , Anyadike Norah N. , James Udeme A. , Ezeh Chiamaka J. , Paschal Ugwu, 
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the instigation of complications associated with diabetes. The present study evaluated honey's antioxidant and nephroprotective effects against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced Wistar rats.
Methods: Thirty-six (36) Wistar male rats (210-250 g) were assigned to six (6) study groups with six (6) animals each (n=5). Group 1 was designated as positive control and received distilled water, group 2 was designated as negative control and received 120 mg/kg b.w of alloxan, group 3 was designated as diabetes-induced and received 5 mg/kg b.w glibenclamide, groups 4, 5 and 6 were designated as diabetes-induced and treated groups which they received (0.2 mls, 0.5mls and 0.8mls of honey) respectively. Treatment lasted for three weeks (21 days), after which rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under light ether anaesthesia. Blood was collected for biochemical evaluation using standard techniques (Randox kits).
Results: The results reveal that the actions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased (p<0.05) in honey treated diabetic rats. The activities of urea and creatinine in all the groups treated revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease when compared with the negative control group, while the activity of creatinine was within the normal range.
Conclusions: The results obtained from all these assays justify the therapeutic efficacy of honey to ameliorate oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and has nephroprotective potential.