bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-subject analysis of regional brain volumetric measures can be strongly influenced by the method for head size adjustment
Authors: Opfer Roland , Krüger Julia , Spies Lothar , Kitzler Hagen H. , Schippling Sven , Buchert Ralph 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Total intracranial volume (TIV) is often a nuisance covariate in MRI-based brain volumetry. This study compared two TIV adjustment methods with respect to their impact on z-scores in single subject analyses of regional brain volume estimates.

Methods
Brain parenchyma, hippocampus, thalamus, and TIV were segmented in a normal database comprising 5059 T1w images. Regional volume estimates were adjusted for TIV using the residual method or the proportion method. Age was taken into account by regression with both methods. TIV- and age-adjusted regional volumes were transformed to z-scores and then compared between the two adjustment methods. Their impact on the detection of thalamus atrophy was tested in 127 patients with multiple sclerosis.

Results
The residual method removed the association with TIV in all regions. The proportion method resulted in a switch of the direction without relevant change of the strength of the association. The reduction of physiological between-subject variability was larger with the residual method than with the proportion method. The difference between z-scores obtained with the residual method versus the proportion method was strongly correlated with TIV. It was larger than one z-score point in 5% of the subjects. The area under the ROC curve of the TIV- and age-adjusted thalamus volume for identification of multiple sclerosis patients was larger with the residual method than with the proportion method (0.84 versus 0.79).

Conclusion
The residual method should be preferred for TIV and age adjustments of T1w-MRI-based brain volume estimates in single subject analyses.
Moisture sources of heavy precipitation in Central Europe in synoptic situations with Vb-cyclones
Authors: Krug Amelie , Aemisegger Franziska , Sprenger Michael , Ahrens Bodo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring the past century, several extreme summer floods in Central Europe were associated with so-called Vb-cyclones propagating from the Mediterranean Sea north-eastward to Central Europe. The processes intensifying the precipitation in synoptic situations with Vb-cyclones in the Danube, Elbe, and Odra catchments are only partially understood. Our study aims to investigate these processes with Lagrangian moisture-source diagnostics for 16 selected Vb-events. Moreover, we analyse the characteristics of typical moisture source regions during 1107 Vb-events from 1901 to 2010 based on ERA-20C reanalysis dynamically downscaled with COSMO-CLM+NEMO. We observe moisture contributions by various source regions highlighting the complex dynamical interplay of different air masses leading to moisture convergence in synoptic situations with Vb-cyclones. Overall, up to 80% of the precipitation originates from the European continent, indicating the importance of continental moisture recycling, especially within the respective river catchment. Other major moisture uptake regions are the North Sea, the Baltic Sea, the North Atlantic, and for a few events the Black Sea. Remarkably, anomalies in these oceanic source regions show no connection to precipitation amounts in synoptic situations with Vb-cyclones. In contrast, the Vb-cyclones with the highest precipitation are associated with anomalously high evaporation in the Mediterranean Sea, even though the Mediterranean Sea is only a minor moisture source region on average. Interestingly, the evaporation anomalies are not connected with sea-surface temperature but with wind-speed anomalies (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient $$R\approx$$

R
≈

0.7, significant with $$p<0.01$$

p
<
0.01

) indicating mainly dynamically driven evaporation. The particular role of the Mediterranean Sea hints towards possible importance of Mediterranean moisture for the early-stage intensification of Vb-cyclones and the pre-moistening of the continental uptake regions upstream of the target catchments.
Complete avulsion of the heel pad with talar and calcaneal fracture: salvage with multiple K-wire anchorage, internal fixation and free ALT flap
Authors: Herold J. , Kamin K. , Bota O. , Dragu A. , Rammelt S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Degloving of the sole of the foot is a rare and serious injury because the heel pad cannot be replaced by similar tissue. The management is challenging and only a few cases have been reported with different treatment regimens.

Methods
Here, we report on a 46-year-old female patient with complex foot trauma consisting of complete avulsion of the heel pad at the hindfoot and a soft tissue defect at the posterior aspect of the heel accompanied by rupture of the anterior tibial tendon and fractures of the talus, calcaneus and midfoot. The sole of the foot was fixed to the calcaneus with multiple temporary Kirschner wires and moist wound dressings. The anterior tibial tendon was sutured. The soft tissue defect at the posterior heel was treated with a free anterolateral thigh flap. The fractures were fixed in staged procedures.

Results
At 2-year follow-up, the patient had a durable soft tissue cover over the heel with full sensation over the sole and a pliable flap over the posterior aspect of the heel. The patient was able to fully bear weight and was pain free during her daily activities in comfortable, custom shoes. All fractures had healed, the talar neck fracture after one revision and bone grafting. The foot was plantigrade and stable with preserved painless but limited range of motion at the ankle, subtalar and mid-tarsal joints.

Conclusion
The unique tissue at the sole of the foot can be salvaged even in cases of full degloving at the hindfoot with the simple method of anchorage with multiple temporary K-wires. Traumatic defects of the vulnerable skin at the posterior aspect of the heel requires durable coverage with free flap coverage. With staged treatment of all bone and soft tissue injuries, a favorable result can be obtained even in case of a complex foot trauma.
An update on lipid apheresis for familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Taylan Christina , Weber Lutz T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited metabolic defect leading to increased total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol (LDL) from birth onwards. Homozygous FH, presenting with clear clinical features, has a prevalence of ~ 1 per million. Prevalence of heterozygous FH is 1/500 European population. Atherosclerotic burden depends on the degree and duration of high LDL exposure. In severe cases, early detection is critical, and aggressive lipid-lowering therapies should begin in early childhood to reduce coronary heart disease risk. Pediatric therapeutic concepts correspond to adults and are orientated at LDL plasma concentration. Mean LDL plasma target value during treatment is < 135 mg/dL. Medication in childhood consists of ezetemibe, statins, resins, and PCSK-9 inhibitors, with consideration for age restrictions. Only a minority achieve the treatment target with drug therapy alone. Therapeutic apheresis for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia selectively removes lipoproteins from blood (lipid apheresis (LA)). LA has a long tradition in adult medicine and is also safely used in children by a variety of methods, if customized to special pediatric needs. LA reduces cholesterol levels independently of residual LDL-receptor function and not only achieves reduction or disappearance of xanthomas but also inhibits progression of or mitigates aortic valve stenosis and supravalvular aortic stenosis as well as coronary artery and other atherosclerotic lesions. Cardiovascular prognosis of patients with otherwise untreatable FH depends largely on timely use of LA. Taking into account LA as a lifelong treatment, starting early in childhood, it is important to accommodate therapy modalities, such as treatment frequency and point of time, into the life of the individual.
Multimedia ontology population through semantic analysis and hierarchical deep features extraction techniques
Authors: Muscetti Michela , Rinaldi Antonio M. , Russo Cristiano , Tommasino Cristian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe rapid increase of available data in different complex contexts needs automatic tasks to manage and process contents. Semantic Web technologies represent the silver bullet in the digital Internet ecosystem to allow human and machine cooperation in achieving these goals. Specific technologies as ontologies are standard conceptual representations of this view. It aims to transform data into an interoperability format providing a common vocabulary for a given domain and defining, with different levels of formality, the meaning of informative objects and their possible relationships. In this work, we focus our attention on Ontology Population in the multimedia realm. An automatic and multi-modality framework for images ontology population is proposed and implemented. It allows the enrichment of a multimedia ontology with new informative content. Our multi-modality approach combines textual and visual information through natural language processing techniques, and convolutional neural network used the features extraction task. It is based on a hierarchical methodology using images descriptors and semantic ontology levels. The results evaluation shows the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Stimulation Effects of Glutamic and 5-Aminolevulinic Acids On Photosynthetic Pigments, Physio-biochemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Yield of Peanut
Authors: El-Metwally Ibrahim Mohamed , Sadak Mervat Shamoon , Saudy Hani Saber 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSoil not only represents the main supporter for root growth, but also is the supplier of water and nutrients. However, several soils, i.e. sandy soils, do not adequately fulfill the plant growth requirements of the environmental resources. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate, even partially, the lack of these required resources for better plant growth and development. Amino acids could introduce a substantial solution in this respect. Therefore, two field experiments under field conditions were carried out to investigate the effect of glutamic (GLA) and 5‑aminolevulinic (ALA) acids on photosynthesis pigments, oxidative defense indicators as well as yield and seed quality of peanut. Three concentrations of glutamic acid (10, 20 and 40 mg L−1, denoted GLA10, GLA20, and GLA40, respectively) and three concentrations of 5‑aminolevulinic acid, (10, 20 and 40 mg L−1, abbreviated to ALA10, ALA20, and ALA40, respectively), in addition to a check treatment (tap water) were applied. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Findings exhibited potentiality of GLA20 treatment for recording the highest values of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a/b, carotenoids and total pigments compared to the other treatments. The increases in indole acetic acid, phenolics and free amino acids were 68.1, 58.9 and 19.6% as well as 64.6, 51.2 and 17.7%, due to application of GLA20 and ALA20, respectively. Substantial improvements in pod yield ha−1, oil %, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were obtained with GLA20 or ALA20. In conclusion, since glutamic or 5‑aminolevulinic acids at concentration of 20 mg L−1 showed promotive effect on physiological and biochemical status of peanut, such amino acids should be adopted as a promising practice in peanut cultivations.
Education for sustainable development: a critical reflexive discourse on a transformative learning activity for business students
Authors: Corazza Laura , Cottafava Dario , Torchia Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents in detail a critical reflexive discourse on a transformative learning activity that engaged 140 students of the “Risk Management and Green Business Strategy” module at the University of Turin. During the course, students were asked to find, analyze, and propose a solution for a self-identified challenge working in close partnership with local urban companies on sustainability issues. Following a project-based learning approach, this paper compares two different group of students. The treatment group, i.e., the students following the ESD module, was then compared with a control group represented by the students from the traditional course of the previous year, in terms of their willingness to orient their future career on sustainability topics. Findings point out clear impacts on the study of sustainability-related disciplines (i.e., + 372% of thesis on sustainability) and on long-term career orientation of students on sustainability-oriented master and jobs.
How long can I wait and how much frustration can I stand? Volitional traits and students’ PhD-intention and pursuit
Authors: Alisic Aida , Wiese Bettina S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation is to analyze the relation of frustration tolerance and delay of gratification with PhD-intention and expectations. We conducted one correlational and two experimental studies. In Study 1 (N1 = 171 undergraduates), we found the hypothesized positive association between delay of gratification and frustration tolerance and the intention to obtain a PhD. In Studies 2 and 3, we used experimental vignette designs. In Study 2, doctoral students and postdocs (N2 = 180) evaluated a fictitious student regarding PhD-intention and a successful PhD-process. As expected, students with high gratification delay and frustration tolerance were judged as more likely to start and complete a PhD than students described low in these volitional traits. In Study 3, we contrasted Study 2’s findings by asking employees of the private sector (N3 = 150) to rate the same students’ intention to join a company instead. None of the factors influenced participants’ judgments when it comes to a non-academic career track.
Testosterone levels among non-obstructive azoospermic patients 2 years after failed bilateral microdissection testicular sperm extraction: a nested case-cohort study
Authors: Herndon Charles C. , Godart Erica S. , Turek Paul J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To define the risk of hypogonadism following microdissection testicular sperm extraction in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia. While sperm retrieval by open testicular sperm extraction can be associated with an increased risk of hypogonadism, there is limited data addressing which procedures and which patients harbor the greatest risk.

Methods
We report on a community-acquired, nested, case-cohort of non-obstructive azoospermic patients referred to one clinic after failed bilateral microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Patients were health-matched (1:2) to surgically naïve controls and divided into 2 cohorts based on risk factors for hypogonadism. Among microdissection patients, we compared total testosterone and gonadotropin levels before and > 6 months after surgery. Biochemical hypogonadism was defined as a total serum testosterone level ≤ 300 ng/dL. Hormone levels were compared to risk-matched controls. Comparative statistics were used to assess hormone levels within and between cohorts.

Results
There were no significant differences in baseline testosterone levels between microdissection patients (n = 26) and risk-matched controls (n = 52). At a mean of 26 months (range 6.2–112.8) post-procedure, mean testosterone levels decreased significantly (73 ng/dL or 16%; CI − 27, − 166; p < 0.01, paired t-test). Among microdissection patients with baseline testosterone > 300 ng/dL, 8/22 (36%) experienced hypogonadism post-procedure. There was a corresponding increase in follicle stimulating hormone (p = 0.05) and a trending increase in luteinizing hormones (p = 0.10).

Conclusion
A durable decrease in testosterone levels occurs after failed microdissection testicular sperm extraction regardless of baseline risk of hypogonadism. In addition, a significant proportion of eugonadal patients will become hypogonadal after failed testicular microdissection procedures.
How Executive Functioning and Financial Self-efficacy Predict Subjective Financial Well-Being via Positive Financial Behaviors
Authors: Dare Shekinah E. , van Dijk Wilco W. , van Dijk Eric , van Dillen Lotte F. , Gallucci Marcello , Simonse Olaf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFinancial well-being is a desirable state as it benefits individuals, families, organizations, and society, and these benefits reach beyond the financial domain. We assessed financial well-being as two components (current financial stress and expected future financial security) and used data from a representative sample of adults in the United Kingdom (n = 411). Our study provides novel insights based on preregistered hypotheses, method, and analysis plan on the Open Science Framework. We hypothesized that both executive functioning and financial self-efficacy are positively related to financial well-being via positive financial behaviors. We also hypothesized that executive functioning moderated the indirect relation of financial self-efficacy with financial well-being, and that financial self-efficacy moderated the indirect relation of executive functioning with financial well-being. As predicted, results showed that financial self-efficacy was strongly positively related to financial well-being via positive financial behaviors. Our results did not show that executive functioning was related to financial well-being via positive financial behaviors, nor that executive functioning or financial self-efficacy operated as moderators. This study provides possible strategies for financial practitioners and service providers, among others, to help individuals and families better their financial behaviors and their financial well-being.
Substance Use and Intimate Partner Abuse (IPA): A Descriptive Model of the Pathways Between Substance Use and IPA Perpetration for Men
Authors: Gilchrist Elizabeth , Johnson Amy , Thomson Kate , Stephens-Lewis Danielle , Henderson Juliet , Gadd David , Radcliffe Polly , Halliwell Gemma , Gilchrist Gail 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntimate partner abuse (IPA) is a pervasive public health and human rights issue disproportionately affecting women. There is a complex link between IPA and substance use; substance use can increase both the frequency and severity of IPA. Pathway models have been applied to explore heterogeneous trajectories into other behaviours and to identify areas for intervention. This approach has not previously been applied in the area of substance use and IPA. Inductive thematic analysis of 37 interviews with heterosexual men aged 28–52 who had reported previous IPA perpetration was conducted. Men were recruited from alcohol and drug services across two areas of England. Three groupings of pathways into substance use-related IPA were generated: 1) Rule Breaking Pathway (n = 11); 2) Entrenched Substance Use Pathway (n = 13); and 3) Relationship Insecurity Pathway (n = 13). Across the three groupings of pathways, the men’s childhood and early experiences led to different journeys into SU-related IPA (abuse that was associated with intoxication, withdrawal, acquisition and substance use lifestyle). Each pathway presented differently with varying core features, for example core features of generalised violence, mental health or jealousy, and different predisposing background factors, including types and timing of childhood abuse and trauma. Adopting a pathways approach drawing on principles of equifinality and multifinality can improve understanding of heterogeneity in men who perpetrate IPA and use substances and propose treatment/intervention targets.
How not to decide whether inner speech is speech: Two common mistakes
Authors: Gregory Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPhilosophical interest in inner speech has grown in recent years. In seeking to understand the phenomenon, many philosophers have drawn heavily on two theories from neighbouring disciplines: Lev Vygotsky’s theory on the development of inner speech in children and a cognitive-scientific theory about speech production. I argue that they have been too uncritical in their acceptance of these theories, which has prevented a proper analysis of inner speech.
A Voronovskaja type formula for Soardi’s operators
Authors: Abel Ulrich , Raşa Ioan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn 1991 Soardi introduced a sequence of positive linear operators$$\beta _{n}$$βnassociating to each function$$f\in C\left[ 0,1\right] $$f∈C0,1a polynomial function which is closely related to the Bernstein polynomials on$$\left[ -1,+1\right] $$-1,+1. One of the authors already studied the operators$$\beta _{n}$$βnin several papers. This paper is devoted to other properties of Soardi’s operators. We introduce a version$${\tilde{\beta }}_{n}$$β~nwhich can be expressed in terms of the classical Bernstein operators and present the relations between$$\beta _{n}$$βnand$${\tilde{\beta }}_{n}$$β~n. We derive Voronovskaja-type results for both$$\beta _{n}$$βnand$${\tilde{\beta }}_{n}$$β~n. Furthermore, rates of convergence for$${\tilde{\beta }}_{n}$$β~n, respectively$$\beta _{n}$$βn, are estimated. Finally, we study the first and second moments of$$\beta _{n}$$βn.
The power of online panel paradata to predict unit nonresponse and voluntary attrition in a longitudinal design
Authors: Kocar Sebastian , Biddle Nicholas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study is to identify factors affecting participation rates, i.e., nonresponse and voluntary attrition rates, and their predictive power in a probability-based online panel. Participation for this panel had already been investigated in the literature according to the socio-demographic and socio-psychological characteristics of respondents and different types of paradata, such as device type or questionnaire navigation, had also been explored. In this study, the predictive power of online panel participation paradata was instead evaluated, which was expected (at least in theory) to offer even more complex insight into respondents’ behavior over time. This kind of paradata would also enable the derivation of longitudinal variables measuring respondents’ panel activity, such as survey outcome rates and consecutive waves with a particular survey outcome prior to a wave (e.g., response, noncontact, refusal), and could also be used in models controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Using the Life in Australia™ participation data for all recruited members for the first 30 waves, multiple linear, binary logistic and panel random-effect logit regression analyses were carried out to assess socio-demographic and online panel paradata predictors of nonresponse and attrition that were available and contributed to the accuracy of prediction and the best statistical modeling. The proposed approach with the derived paradata predictors and random-effect logistic regression proved to be reasonably accurate for predicting nonresponse—with just 15 waves of online panel paradata (even without sociodemographics) and logit random-effect modeling almost four out of five nonrespondents could be correctly identified in the subsequent wave.