bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of US health care spending for persons with seizures and/or epilepsies, 2010–2018
Authors: Moura Lidia M. V. R. , Karakis Ioannis , Zack Matthew M. , Tian Niu , Kobau Rosemarie , Howard David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to characterize spending for persons classified with seizure or epilepsy and to determine whether spending has increased over time.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we pooled data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) household component files for 2010–2018. We matched cases to controls on age and sex of a population‐based sample of MEPS respondents (community‐dwelling persons of all ages) with records associated with a medical event (e.g., outpatient visit, hospital inpatient) for seizure, epilepsy, or both. Outcomes were weighted to be representative of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. We estimated the treated prevalence of epilepsy and seizure, health care spending overall and by site of care, and trends in spending growth.ResultsWe identified 1078 epilepsy cases and 2344 seizure cases. Treated prevalence was .38% (95% confidence interval [CI] = .34–.41) for epilepsy, .76% (95% CI = .71–.81) for seizure, and 1.14% (95% CI = 1.08–1.20) for epilepsy or seizure. The difference in annual spending for cases compared to controls was $4580 (95% CI = $3362–$5798) for epilepsy, $7935 (95% CI, $6237–$9634) for seizure, and $6853 (95% CI = $5623–$8084) for epilepsy or seizure, translating into aggregate costs of $5.4 billion, $19.0 billion, and $24.5 billion. From 2010 to 2018, the annual growth rate in total spending incurred for seizures and/or epilepsies was 7.6% compared to 3.6% among controls.SignificanceUS economic burden of seizures and/or epilepsies is substantial and warrants interventions focused on their unique and overlapping causes.
Diagnostic yield and limitations of in‐hospital documentation in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Schulze‐Bonhage Andreas , Bruno Elisa , Brandt Armin , Shek Anthony , Viana Pedro , Heers Marcel , Martinez‐Lizana Eva , Altenmüller Dirk‐Matthias , Richardson Mark Philip , San Antonio‐Arce Victoria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic yield of in‐hospital video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring to document seizures in patients with epilepsy.MethodsRetrospective analysis of electronic seizure documentation at the University Hospital Freiburg (UKF) and at King's College London (KCL). Statistical assessment of the role of the duration of monitoring, and subanalyses on presurgical patient groups and patients undergoing reduction of antiseizure medication.ResultsOf more than 4800 patients with epilepsy undergoing in‐hospital recordings at the two institutions since 2005, seizures with documented for 43% (KCL) and 73% (UKF).. Duration of monitoring was highly significantly associated with seizure recordings (p < .0001), and presurgical patients as well as patients with drug reduction had a significantly higher diagnostic yield (p < .0001). Recordings with a duration of >5 days lead to additional new seizure documentation in only less than 10% of patients.SignificanceThere is a need for the development of new ambulatory monitoring strategies to document seizures for diagnostic and monitoring purposes for a relevant subgroup of patients with epilepsy in whom in‐hospital monitoring fails to document seizures.
Gender differences in marital and military predictors of service member career satisfaction
Authors: Street Towanda , Lewin Amy , Woodall Kelly , Cruz‐Cano Raul , Thoma Marie , Stander Valerie A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundU.S. servicewomen may face unique military experiences unlike those of servicemen, and stressors can affect their satisfaction with the military. Understanding factors influencing satisfaction among the increasing number of U.S. servicewomen in the U.S. military is important for retention.MethodsUsing family stress theory, data from service members and their spouses (N = 9325) enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Family Study were analyzed using cross‐sectional linear regression to evaluate the relationship between military and family stressors and service members' military satisfaction, and how these relationships differ by gender.ResultsService members with more deployment experience and better mental health were more satisfied with the military, while spouse employment outside the home and work–family conflict were associated with less satisfaction. Gender, marital quality, and social support moderated the relationships between stressors and military satisfaction, suggesting they may impact men and women differently. Overall, however, work–family conflict was associated with decrements in the career satisfaction of both men and women.ConclusionThis study increases our understanding of the influence military and family stressors have on service members' satisfaction with the military. It also reveals gender differences in military satisfaction and recommends strategies to address the needs of diverse military families.
More soil organic carbon is sequestered through the mycelium pathway than through the root pathway under nitrogen enrichment in an alpine forest
Authors: Zhu Xiaomin , Zhang Ziliang , Wang Qitong , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Lambers Hans , Li Na , Liu Qing , Yin Huajun , Liu Zhanfeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlant roots and associated mycorrhizae exert a large influence on soil carbon (C) cycling. Yet, little was known whether and how roots and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) extraradical mycelia differentially contribute to soil organic C (SOC) accumulation in alpine forests under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. Using ingrowth cores, the relative contributions of the root pathway (RP; i.e., roots and rhizosphere processes) and mycelium pathway (MP; i.e., extraradical mycelia and hyphosphere processes) to SOC accumulation were distinguished and quantified in an ECM‐dominated forest receiving chronic N addition (25 kg N ha−1 year−1). Under the non‐N addition, the RP facilitated SOC accumulation, although the MP reduced SOC accumulation. Nitrogen addition enhanced the positive effect of RP on SOC accumulation from +18.02 to +20.55 mg C g−1 but counteracted the negative effect of MP on SOC accumulation from −5.62 to −0.57 mg C g−1, compared with the non‐N addition. Compared with the non‐N addition, the N‐induced SOC accumulation was 1.62–2.21 and 3.23–4.74 mg C g−1, in the RP and the MP, respectively. The greater contribution of MP to SOC accumulation was mainly attributed to the higher microbial C pump (MCP) efficacy (the proportion of increased microbial residual C to the increased SOC under N addition) in the MP (72.5%) relative to the RP (57%). The higher MCP efficacy in the MP was mainly associated with the higher fungal metabolic activity (i.e., the greater fungal biomass and N‐acetyl glucosidase activity) and greater binding efficiency of fungal residual C to mineral surfaces than those of RP. Collectively, our findings highlight the indispensable role of mycelia and hyphosphere processes in the formation and accumulation of stable SOC in the context of increasing N deposition.
LEARNING ABOUT REGIME CHANGE
Authors: Foerster Andrew , Matthes Christian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTotal factor productivity (TFP) and investment specific technology (IST) growth both exhibit regime‐switching behavior, but the regime at any given time is difficult to infer. We build a rational expectations real business cycle model where the underlying TFP and IST regimes are unobserved. We develop a general perturbation solution algorithm for a wide class of models with unobserved regime‐switching. Using our method, we show learning about regime‐switching fits the data, affect the responses to regime shifts and intraregime shocks, increase asymmetries in the responses, generate forecast error bias even with rational agents, and raise the welfare cost of fluctuations.
Effect of hydrophilic groups in lipids on the characteristics of starch–lipid complexes
Authors: Li Qi , Gao Yuan , Li Yancai , Du Shuang‐kui , Yu Xiuzhu 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe complexation of starch and lipids has important implications for food quality, and the interaction is affected by hydrophilic groups in lipids. The complexation interaction of palmitic acid and its common esters with starch was investigated to clarify the influence of the hydrophilicity of polar heads in lipids. The results indicate that the difference in hydrophilic groups affected the characteristics of starch–lipid complexes. The difficulty level of complexation with starch was in the order of palmitic acid > glyceryl monopalmitate > L‐ascorbyl palmitate, with the degree of double helix of the L‐ascorbyl palmitate complex being the lowest. In contrast with palmitic acid, the viscoelasticity of complexes formed by glyceryl monopalmitate and L‐ascorbyl palmitate with a higher number of hydroxyl groups was enhanced and exhibited obvious elastic characteristics. The more intensive complexation interaction caused the more evident changes of the 13C NMR chemical shift attributed to starch. For the complexes of L‐ascorbyl palmitate, glyceryl monopalmitate, and palmitic acid, chemical shift values of carbon at the methylene in glucose units shifted upfield by 0.34, 0.18, and 0.10 ppm, respectively. Hence, hydrophilic groups in lipids significantly affected the formation, structure, and physicochemical properties of starch–lipid complexes.
Factor analysis of the Chinese version of the Self‐care Ability Scale for the Elderly: A multi‐centre cross‐cultural validation study
Authors: Guo Lina , Wei Miao , Namassevayam Genoosha , Söderhamn Ulrika , Liu Yanjin , Guo Yuanli 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore and confirm the factor structure and item distribution of the Chinese version of Self‐care Ability Scale for the Elderly among older Chinese people.MethodsA cluster random sampling method was used to collect 2856 older people from five different cities of China from July 2018 to July 2019. A questionnaire comprised of socio‐demographic information and the Chinese version of the Self‐care Ability Scale for the Elderly was administered, and SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 were used for analyses.ResultsParticipants were aged 60 to 92 years, with a mean age of 71.52 (SD = 7.68) years. In the Exploratory Factor Analysis, the three‐factor structure and item distribution of the Chinese version of the Self‐care Ability Scale for the Elderly were verified to be better than other options. The factor loadings varied from 0.428 to 0.800, and the communality values ranged from 0.426 to 0.792. The modified model showed a good fit in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the Self‐care Ability Scale for the Elderly has a clear three‐factor structure and a good item distribution. It serves as a convenient and accurate assessment tool to assess the self‐care ability of older Chinese people.
Current status and future prospects of antibody–drug conjugates in urological malignancies
Authors: Hayashi Tetsutaro , Hinata Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAntibody‐drug conjugates represent a promising new treatment option that uses the targeting ability of an antibody to deliver cytotoxic drugs directly to tumors. Antibody‐drug conjugates provide the opportunity to deliver drugs to antigen‐expressing cancer cells while minimizing toxicity to normal tissue, achieving wider therapeutic windows. To date, three antibody‐drug conjugates have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and many antibody‐drug conjugates are under clinical development for urological malignancies. In this paper, we review the mechanism, history, and development of antibody‐drug conjugates, and review the current landscape of antibody‐drug conjugates in urological malignancies including 12 targets and 18 antibody‐drug conjugates in prostate cancer, renal cancer, and urothelial cancer. Furthermore, we review the rational combination of antibody‐drug conjugates with immune checkpoint inhibitors and consider future prospects to enhance the therapeutic activity of antibody‐drug conjugates in urological malignancies.
The implications of the foot health status in Parkinson patients: A case–control study
Authors: Jiménez‐Cebrián Ana María , López‐López Luis , Losa‐Iglesias Marta Elena , Becerro‐de‐Bengoa‐Vallejo Ricardo , Romero‐Morales Carlos , López‐López Daniel , Montiel‐Luque Alonso , Navarro‐Flores Emmanuel , de Labra Carmen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects both health of the feet, as to gait patterns. This study aimed to find out about foot problems and their impact on self‐perceived quality of life and related to foot health in Parkinson's patients compared to a group of healthy subjects and to measure it with Spanish Podiatry Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐S). It is about a case–control study in a sample of Parkinson's patients n = 62, healthy controls n = 62. The PHQ‐S was reported, it describes perception the subject has in each of podiatric 6 dimensions consulted, assessing appreciation of health status of interviewee's feet and a self‐rated the foot health score on the visual analog scale (VAS). There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the dimensions that assessed problems with walking and moving, nail trimming, concern feet state, and affectation of quality of life related foot health. Regarding the self‐perception of state of their feet, Parkinson's patients perceive a worse state of health of their feet than healthy subjects. The mean value was 4.8 (SD 2.2) for Parkinson's patients and 3.8 (SD 2.3) for healthy subjects. In conclusion, patients with PD have problems in walking or moving, foot pain, difficulties in foot hygiene and in cutting for their nails, as well as the concern they suffer from deterioration in state of their feet affect them and decrease their quality of life. Podiatric problems in Parkinson's patients have a great impact in reducing quality of life related to foot health.
Same place, different stories: Disparate evolutionary trends of mygalomorph spiders from the Peripampasic orogenic arc
Authors: Calatayud‐Mascarell Arnau , Ferretti Nelson , Enguídanos Alba , Arnedo Miquel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimComparative phylogeography aims to unravel similarities in the population structure and evolutionary processes undergone by co‐distributed taxa, under the assumption that they will have experienced the same geoclimatic events. However, small differences in functional traits, particularly those related to dispersal abilities, may translate into incongruent evolutionary histories. Here, we used a sequence target multi‐locus approach to infer and compare the phylogeographical patterns of three sympatric mygalomorph spiders in the Argentinean Peripampasic orogenic arc.LocationThe mountainous systems of central and northern Argentina.TaxonAcanthogonatus centralis, Grammostola vachoni and Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae).MethodsWe inferred mitochondrial gene trees (16S + L1 + nad1) and nuclear (ITS2) networks of three species of mygalomorph spiders from 159 individuals using Bayesian and Maximum likelihood approaches, and estimated divergence times in a Bayesian framework. Based on our time‐stamped gene trees, we reconstructed ancestral areas using the Bayesian Binary MCMC method.ResultsDeeply divergent and highly geographically structured populations, isolated since the Late Miocene to mid Pliocene, were obtained in the pycnothelid Acanthogonatus centralis. Conversely, the theraphosids Plesiopelma longisternale and Grammostola vachoni showed slightly divergent and poorly geographically structured populations, tracing back to the Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene.Main conclusionsWe propose that differences in dispersion rates and time of colonization between the theraphosids and the pycnothelid species led to divergent lineage history despite common environmental conditions. We corroborate the key role played by the Plio‐Pleistocene geoclimatic events in shaping the present‐day diversity of mygalomorph spiders along the Peripampasic orogenic arc. Additionally, we uncovered potentially overlooked species diversity within G. vachoni.
The biogeography of warming tolerance in lizards
Authors: Anderson Rodolfo O. , Meiri Shai , Chapple David G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimMany ectotherms are at risk from climate change as temperatures are increasingly exceeding their thermal limits. Many evaluations of the vulnerability of ectotherms to climate change have relied on statistical metrics derived from coarse‐scale climatic data, which may result in misleading predictions. By applying an integrative approach, we investigated geographical correlates of the vulnerability of lizards to climate change.LocationGlobally.TaxonLizards.MethodsWe combined data on lizard thermal physiology and ecology, with high‐resolution climate data and biophysical modelling to assess lizards’ vulnerability to climate change. We calculated warming tolerance (difference between their body temperatures and upper thermal limits) and number of hours of activity. We investigated associations between warming tolerance and activity time with latitude, altitude and biome types. We compared our approach with traditional methods to calculate warming tolerance (using solely macroclimatic data).ResultsWe found no latitudinal trend in the warming tolerance of lizards calculated from body temperature, but there was a weak negative correlation with altitude. We found associations between hours of activity and latitude and altitude. Desert species showed narrower warming tolerance than tropical and temperate species. Desert species and temperate species had reduced hours of activity when compared to tropical species. When warming tolerance was calculated from macroclimatic data, however, it was positively correlated with latitude and altitude, and species from tropical forested biomes showed narrow warming tolerances.Main ConclusionsVulnerability metrics calculated from macroclimatic data can produce divergent outcomes to those observed from fine‐scale climatic data. Our work indicates that the ability of desert and temperate lizard species to cope with heat stress by thermoregulating is more constrained than that of tropical species. Integrative assessments of ectotherms' vulnerability to climate change can highlight species and regions that should be prioritised for conservation management.
Mitochondrial‐derived vesicles: Recent insights
Authors: Popov Lucia‐Doina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe generation of vesicles is a constitutive attribute of mitochondria inherited from bacterial ancestors. The physiological conditions and mild oxidative stress promote oxidation and dysfunction of certain proteins and lipids within the mitochondrial membranes; these constituents are subsequently packed as small mitochondrial‐derived vesicles (MDVs) (70–150 nm in diameter) and are transported intracellularly to lysosomes and peroxisomes to be degraded. In this way, MDVs remove the damaged mitochondrial components, preserve mitochondrial structural and functional integrity and restore homeostasis. An outline of the current knowledge on MDVs seems to be necessary for understanding the potential impact of this research area in cellular (patho)physiology. The present synopsis is an attempt towards the accomplishment of this demand, highlighting also the still unclear issues related to MDVs. Here, we discuss (i) MDVs budding and generation (molecules and mechanisms), (ii) the distinct cargoes packed and transported by MDVs, (iii) the MDVs trafficking pathways and (iv) the biological role of MDVs, from quality controllers to the involvement in organellar crosstalk, mitochondrial antigen presentation and peroxisome de novo biogenesis. These complex roles uncover also mitochondria integration into the cellular environment. As the therapeutic exploitation of MDVs is currently limited, future insights into MDVs cell biology are expected to direct to novel diagnostic tools and treatments.
Evading Vetoes: Exiting the Politicized Decision Trap in EU Trade Policy
Authors: Gheyle Niels 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe EU has famously been described as plagued by a ‘joint decision trap’: Member States are obliged to work together yet have difficulties making comprehensive steps forward given high decision‐making thresholds. This contribution states that against the background of the politicization of European integration, the prospect of a ‘politicized decision trap’ (PDT) emerges, where de facto veto positions develop that cannot easily be accommodated in the spotlight. To account for the observation that deadlock is often avoided, even in the face of visible conflict, the literature on exiting the JDT is rehabilitated by categorizing mechanisms as ‘anticipating’, ‘engaging’ or ‘defusing’ vetoes. Empirically, this framework is applied to EU trade policy, as several EU trade agreements in the past decade were (expected to become) confronted with the PDT, yet experienced remarkable resilience. By reviewing contemporary EU trade literature, various mechanisms are identified that have helped the EU evade the PDT.
Why and how we should join the shift from significance testing to estimation
Authors: Berner Daniel , Amrhein Valentin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA paradigm shift away from null hypothesis significance testing seems in progress. Based on simulations, we illustrate some of the underlying motivations. First, p‐values vary strongly from study to study, hence dichotomous inference using significance thresholds is usually unjustified. Second, ‘statistically significant’ results have overestimated effect sizes, a bias declining with increasing statistical power. Third, ‘statistically non‐significant’ results have underestimated effect sizes, and this bias gets stronger with higher statistical power. Fourth, the tested statistical hypotheses usually lack biological justification and are often uninformative. Despite these problems, a screen of 48 papers from the 2020 volume of the Journal of Evolutionary Biology exemplifies that significance testing is still used almost universally in evolutionary biology. All screened studies tested default null hypotheses of zero effect with the default significance threshold of p = 0.05, none presented a pre‐specified alternative hypothesis, pre‐study power calculation and the probability of ‘false negatives’ (beta error rate). The results sections of the papers presented 49 significance tests on average (median 23, range 0–390). Of 41 studies that contained verbal descriptions of a ‘statistically non‐significant’ result, 26 (63%) falsely claimed the absence of an effect. We conclude that studies in ecology and evolutionary biology are mostly exploratory and descriptive. We should thus shift from claiming to ‘test’ specific hypotheses statistically to describing and discussing many hypotheses (possible true effect sizes) that are most compatible with our data, given our statistical model. We already have the means for doing so, because we routinely present compatibility (‘confidence’) intervals covering these hypotheses.