bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locus Coeruleus magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison between native-space and template-space approach
Authors: Giorgi F. S. , Martini N. , Lombardo F. , Galgani A. , Bastiani L. , Della Latta D. , Hlavata H. , Busceti C. L. , Biagioni F. , Puglisi-Allegra S. , Pavese N. , Fornai F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLocus Coeruleus (LC) is the main noradrenergic nucleus of the brain, which is involved in many physiological functions including cognition; its impairment may be crucial in the neurobiology of a variety of brain diseases. Locus Coeruleus-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (LC-MRI) allows to identify in vivo LC in humans. Thus, a variety of research teams have been using LC-MRI to estimate LC integrity in normal aging and in patients affected by neurodegenerative disorders, where LC integrity my work as a biomarker. A number of variations between LC-MRI studies exist, concerning post-acquisition analysis and whether this had been performed within MRI native space or in ad hoc-built MRI template space. Moreover, the reproducibility and reliability of this tool is still to be explored. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed a group of neurologically healthy, cognitively intact elderly subjects, using both a native space- and a template space-based LC-MRI analysis. We found a good inter-method agreement, particularly considering the LC Contrast Ratio. The template space-based approach provided a higher spatial resolution, lower operator-dependency, and allowed the analysis of LC topography. Our ad hoc-developed LC template showed LC morphological data that were in line with templates published very recently. Remarkably, present data significantly overlapped with a recently published LC “metaMask”, that had been obtained by averaging the results of a variety of previous LC-MRI studies. Thus, such a template space-based approach may pave the way to a standardized LC-MRI analysis and to be used in future clinic–anatomical correlations.
A semi-empirical re-evaluation of the influence of state on elastic stiffness in granular materials
Authors: Liu Deyun , Morimoto Tokio , Carraro J. Antonio H. , O’Sullivan Catherine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study uses data acquired from three-dimensional discrete element method simulations to reconsider what measure of state can be used to predict stiffness in granular materials. A range of specimens with linear and gap-graded particle size distributions are considered and stiffness is measured using small amplitude strain probes. Analysis of the data firstly confirms that the void ratio, which is typically used as a measure of state in experimental soil mechanics, does not correlate well with shear stiffness. However, the empirical expressions developed by Hardin and his colleagues can capture variations in stiffness, provided an appropriate state variable is used. The study then highlights that the contribution of individual contacts to the overall stiffness is highly variable, depending on both the contact force transmitted and the particle size. Analyses explore how the stress transmission both within and between the different size fractions affects the overall stiffness. This heterogeneity in stiffness relates to the heterogeneity in the stress transmission amongst the different fractions. By considering the heterogeneity of stress distribution amongst different particle size fractions, a new semi-empirical stress-based state variable is proposed that provides insight into the factors that influence stiffness.
Infection fatality rate of COVID-19 in community-dwelling elderly populations
Authors: Axfors Cathrine , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis mixed design synthesis aimed to estimate the infection fatality rate (IFR) of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in community-dwelling elderly populations and other age groups from seroprevalence studies. Protocol: https://osf.io/47cgb. Eligible were seroprevalence studies done in 2020 and identified by any of four existing systematic reviews; with ≥ 500 participants aged ≥ 70 years; presenting seroprevalence in elderly people; aimed to generate samples reflecting the general population; and whose location had available data on cumulative COVID-19 deaths in elderly (primary cutoff ≥ 70 years; ≥ 65 or ≥ 60 also eligible). We extracted the most fully adjusted (if unavailable, unadjusted) seroprevalence estimates; age- and residence-stratified cumulative COVID-19 deaths (until 1 week after the seroprevalence sampling midpoint) from official reports; and population statistics, to calculate IFRs adjusted for test performance. Sample size-weighted IFRs were estimated for countries with multiple estimates. Thirteen seroprevalence surveys representing 11 high-income countries were included in the main analysis. Median IFR in community-dwelling elderly and elderly overall was 2.9% (range 1.8–9.7%) and 4.5% (range 2.5–16.7%) without accounting for seroreversion (2.2% and 4.0%, respectively, accounting for 5% monthly seroreversion). Multiple sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. IFR was higher with larger proportions of people > 85 years. The IFR of COVID-19 in community-dwelling elderly is lower than previously reported.
A Deterministic Portable Parallel Pseudo-Random Number Generator for Pattern-Based Programming of Heterogeneous Parallel Systems
Authors: Ernstsson August , Vandenbergen Nicolas , Keller Jörg , Kessler Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSkePU is a pattern-based high-level programming model for transparent program execution on heterogeneous parallel computing systems. A key feature of SkePU is that, in general, the selection of the execution platform for a skeleton-based function call need not be determined statically. On single-node systems, SkePU can select among CPU, multithreaded CPU, single or multi-GPU execution. Many scientific applications use pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) as part of the computation. In the interest of correctness and debugging, deterministic parallel execution is a desirable property, which however requires a deterministically parallelized pseudo-random number generator. We present the API and implementation of a deterministic, portable parallel PRNG extension to SkePU that is scalable by design and exhibits the same behavior regardless where and with how many resources it is executed. We evaluate it with four probabilistic applications and show that the PRNG enables scalability on both multi-core CPU and GPU resources, and hence supports the universal portability of SkePU code even in the presence of PRNG calls, while source code complexity is reduced.
A behavioral decomposition of willingness to pay for health insurance
Authors: Baillon Aurélien , Kraft Aleli , O’Donnell Owen , van Wilgenburg Kim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite widespread exposure to substantial medical expenditure risk in low-income populations, health insurance enrollment is typically low. This is puzzling from the perspective of expected utility theory. To help explain it, this paper introduces a decomposition of the stated willingness to pay (WTP) for insurance into its fair price and three behavioral deviations from that price due to risk perception and risk attitude consistent with prospect theory, plus a residual. To apply this approach, we elicit WTP, subjective distributions of medical expenditures and risk attitude (utility curvature and probability weighting) from Filipino households in a nationwide survey. We find that the mean stated WTP of the uninsured is less than both the actuarially fair price and the subsidized price at which public insurance is offered. This is not explained by downwardly biased beliefs: both the mean and the median subjective expectation are greater than the subsidized price. Convex utility in the domain of losses pushes mean WTP below the fair price and the subsidized price, and the transformation of probabilities into decision weights depresses the mean further, at least using one of two specific decompositions. WTP is reduced further by factors other than risk perception and attitude.
Do self-talk phrases affect behavior in ultimatum games?
Authors: Frey Vincenz , De Mulder Hannah N. M. , ter Bekke Marlijn , Struiksma Marijn E. , van Berkum Jos J. A. , Buskens Vincent 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current study investigates whether self-talk phrases can influence behavior in Ultimatum Games. In our three self-talk treatments, participants were instructed to tell themselves (i) to keep their own interests in mind, (ii) to also think of the other person, or (iii) to take some time to contemplate their decision. We investigate how such so-called experimenter-determined strategic self-talk phrases affect behavior and emotions in comparison to a control treatment without instructed self-talk. The results demonstrate that other-focused self-talk can nudge proposers towards fair behavior, as offers were higher in this group than in the other conditions. For responders, self-talk tended to increase acceptance rates of unfair offers as compared to the condition without self-talk. This effect is significant for both other-focused and contemplation-inducing self-talk but not for self-focused self-talk. In the self-focused condition, responders were most dissatisfied with unfair offers. These findings suggest that use of self-talk can increase acceptance rates in responders, and that focusing on personal interests can undermine this effect as it negatively impacts the responders’ emotional experience. In sum, our study shows that strategic self-talk interventions can be used to affect behavior in bargaining situations.
Collect them all! Increasing product category cross-selling using the incompleteness effect
Authors: Bauer Christoph , Spangenberg Katie , Spangenberg Eric R. , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe familiar state of tension associated with an incomplete collection or an unfinished jigsaw puzzle is predicted by Lewin’s (1926; 1935) field theory. This feeling evokes a drive to completion—a phenomenon we label the incompleteness effect—which is useful to marketers endeavoring to cross-sell products and services. In three studies using online product configurators, we find that consumers faced with visual representations of incomplete product category collections, such as an evening drinks menu or a puzzle with its pieces representing services, are significantly more likely to complete the collection or finish the puzzle by cross-purchasing from a greater number of product or service categories as compared to those using a conventional online shopping format. We identify theoretical mechanisms through which the incompleteness effect works and potential moderators for the effect. Findings suggest that managers offering products or services across several categories can increase cross-selling by eliciting people’s drive toward completion.
A prospective study comparing two methods of pre-hospital triage for trauma
Authors: Bagnato C. , Ranzato K. , Giarraca A. , Restelli P. , Saronni S. , Gadda G. , Chiara O. , Cimbanassi S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe conducted a prospective study comparing two different pre-hospital triage tools for trauma: the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT) field triage decision scheme and the TRENAU score. The main objective was to evaluate which triage tool was more appropriate in the setting of Lombardy's trauma system. Data were collected from the population of trauma patients admitted to Niguarda hospital in Milan from January to June 2021. RStudio and Excel were used for data analysis. For each triage tool performance measures, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves, and overtriage and undertriage rates were obtained. A total of 1439 injured patients admitted through 118 pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) were included in the study. The ACS-COT triage tool showed a good accuracy but an excessive overtriage rate (59%). The TRENAU triage tool had a moderately good accuracy and a low overtriage rate (23%) while maintaining an acceptable undertriage rate (3.9%). The TRENAU triage tool proved to be efficient in optimizing the use of resources dedicated to trauma care while resulting safe for the injured patient. In a modern trauma system such as Lombardy's it would be more appropriate to adopt the TRENAU score over the ACS-COT field triage decision scheme.
Toward an optimal theory of integration for functions taking values in quasi-Banach spaces
Authors: Ansorena José L. , Bello Glenier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a new approach to define a suitable integral for functions with values in quasi-Banach spaces. The integrals of Bochner and Riemann have deficiencies in the non-locally convex setting. The study of an integral for p-Banach spaces initiated by Vogt is neither totally satisfactory, since there are quasi-Banach spaces which are p-convex for all $$0<p<1$$

0
<
p
<
1

, so it is not always possible to choose an optimal p to develop the integration. Our method puts the emphasis on the galb of the space, which permits a precise definition of its convexity. The integration works for all spaces of galbs known in the literature. We finish with a fundamental theorem of calculus for our integral.
Quasi-invariance of Gaussian measures for the periodic Benjamin-Ono-BBM equation
Authors: Genovese Giuseppe , Lucà Renato , Tzvetkov Nikolay 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe BBM equation is a Hamiltonian PDE which revealed to be a very interesting test-model to study the transformation property of Gaussian measures along the flow, after Tzvetkov (Sigma 3:e28-35). In this paper we study the BBM equation with critical dispersion (which is a Benjamin-Ono type model). We prove that the image of the Gaussian measures supported on fractional Sobolev spaces of increasing regularity are absolutely continuous, but we cannot identify the density, for which new ideas are needed.
Rare earth monosilicates as oxidation resistant interphase for SiCf/SiC CMC: Investigation of SiCf/Yb2SiO5 model composites
Authors: Lv Xirui , Yue Mengkun , Feng Xue , Li Xiaoyan , Wang Yumin , Wang Jiemin , Zhang Jie , Wang Jingyang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModel composites consisting of SiC fiber and Yb2SiO5 were processed by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The mechanical compatibility and chemical stability between Yb2SiO5 and SiC fiber were studied to evaluate the potential application of Yb monosilicate as the interphase of silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite (SiCf/SiC CMC). Two kinds of interfaces, namely mechanical and chemical bonding interfaces, were achieved by adjusting sintering temperature. SiCf/Yb2SiO5 interfaces prepared at 1450 and 1500 °C exhibit high interface strength and debond energy, which do not satisfy the crack deflection criteria based on He-Hutchison diagram. Raman spectrum analyzation indicates that the thermal expansion mismatch between Yb2SiO5 and SiC contributes to high compressive thermal stress at interface, and leads to high interfacial parameters. Amorphous layer at interface in model composite sintered at 1550 °C is related to the diffusion promoted by high temperature and DC electric filed during SPS. It is inspired that the interfacial parameters could be adjusted by introducing Yb2Si2O7−Yb2SiO5 interphase with controlled composition to optimize the mechanical fuse mechanism in SiCf/SiC CMC.
Medical versus social egg freezing: the importance of future choice for women’s decision-making
Authors: De Proost Michiel , Paton Alexis 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile the literature on oncofertility decision-making was central to the bioethics debate on social egg freezing when the practice emerged in the late 2000s, there has been little discussion juxtaposing the two forms of egg freezing since. This article offers a new perspective on this debate by comparing empirical qualitative data of two previously conducted studies on medical and social egg freezing. We re-analysed the interview data of the two studies and did a thematic analysis combined with interdisciplinary collaborative auditing for empirical ethics projects. Despite their different contexts, major similarities in women’s decision-making and reasoning were found. We developed two main common themes. Firstly, women felt a clear need to plan for future options. Secondly, they manipulated decision-times by postponing definitive decisions and making micro-decisions. The comparison highlights that the passage of time and the preservation of future choice seems to permeate all aspects of the patient experiences in both studies. As a result of considering real-world lived experiences, we suggest that there are many overlaps in women’s reasoning about egg freezing regardless of why they are making a decision to freeze. These overlaps are morally relevant and thus need to be further integrated into the existing arguments that have been canvassed in the flourishing egg freezing and fertility preservation debates across the field, and in policy and practice globally.
COMPACT AND HILBERT–SCHMIDT WEIGHTED COMPOSITION OPERATORS ON WEIGHTED BERGMAN SPACES
Authors: LO CHING-ON , LOH ANTHONY WAI-KEUNG 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLet u and
$\varphi $
be two analytic functions on the unit disk D such that
$\varphi (D) \subset D$
. A weighted composition operator
$uC_{\varphi }$
induced by u and
$\varphi $
is defined on
$A^2_{\alpha }$
, the weighted Bergman space of D, by
$uC_{\varphi }f := u \cdot f \circ \varphi $
for every
$f \in A^2_{\alpha }$
. We obtain sufficient conditions for the compactness of
$uC_{\varphi }$
in terms of function-theoretic properties of u and
$\varphi $
. We also characterize when
$uC_{\varphi }$
on
$A^2_{\alpha }$
is Hilbert–Schmidt. In particular, the characterization is independent of
$\alpha $
when
$\varphi $
is an automorphism of D. Furthermore, we investigate the Hilbert–Schmidt difference of two weighted composition operators on
$A^2_{\alpha }$
.
SHUFFLE ALGEBRAS FOR QUIVERS AND R-MATRICES
Authors: Neguț Andrei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe define slope subalgebras in the shuffle algebra associated to a (doubled) quiver, thus yielding a factorization of the universal R-matrix of the double of the shuffle algebra in question. We conjecture that this factorization matches the one defined by [1, 18, 32, 33, 34] using Nakajima quiver varieties.
Predicting COVID‐19 Cases From Atmospheric Parameters Using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ogunjo S. T. , Fuwape I. A. , Rabiu A. B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe dynamical nature of COVID‐19 cases in different parts of the world requires robust mathematical approaches for prediction and forecasting. In this study, we aim to (a) forecast future COVID‐19 cases based on past infections, (b) predict current COVID‐19 cases using PM2.5, temperature, and humidity data, using four different machine learning classifiers (Decision Tree, K‐nearest neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest). Based on RMSE values, k‐nearest neighbor and support vector machine algorithms were found to be the best for predicting future incidences of COVID‐19 based on past histories. From the RMSE values obtained, temperature was found to be the best predictor for number of COVID‐19 cases, followed by relative humidity. Decision tree models was found to perform poorly in the prediction of COVID‐19 cases considering particulate matter and atmospheric parameters as predictors. Our results suggests the possibility of predicting virus infection using machine learning. This will guide policy makers in proactive monitoring and control.
Coccolithophore Abundance, Degree of Calcification, and Their Contribution to Particulate Inorganic Carbon in the South China Sea
Authors: Jin Xiaobo , Liu Chuanlian , Xu Juan , Guo Xianghui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractParticulate inorganic carbon (PIC) production and export to deep ocean are important processes in water column carbonate cycling. Biochemistry investigations have shown that the seawater PIC in eutrophic high‐latitude waters is contributed by marine calcifying algae coccolithophores which are constituted by the nearly monospecies Emiliania huxleyi. This allows the seawater PIC to be predicted in these high‐fertility regions based on satellite remote sensing. However, in waters with low surface PIC productivity, which still account for 70% of global ocean areas, the subsurface PIC maximum may not be well disclosed by satellite. Here, with a biochemistry cruise, we investigated the seawater coccolithophore cell and coccolith abundances, degree of E. huxleyi coccolith calcification, and PIC concentration in the deep chlorophyll maximum layers in the South China Sea, with the aim to improve our understanding of PIC production in these low productivity regions. Our results demonstrate the control of nutrient levels in the water column on the geographical (horizontal) distribution of Noelaerhabdaceae coccolithophores (E. huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica) in the investigated area, as well as an insensitive response of the calcification degree of E. huxleyi coccolith to carbonate chemistry. Although Noelaerhabdaceae coccoliths were the major components of deep‐sea sediment carbonate, they on average contributed to <18% of suspended PIC for the investigated seawater, indicating multiple sources of highly variable suspended PIC in the subsurface oligotrophic water. The production of Noelaerhabdaceae coccoliths greatly depends on local environments, which highlights the importance of field investigations in low‐fertility areas for global PIC productivity evaluation.
The FastEddy®Resident‐GPU Accelerated Large‐Eddy Simulation Framework: Moist Dynamics Extension, Validation and Sensitivities of Modeling Non‐Precipitating Shallow Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Muñoz‐Esparza Domingo , Sauer Jeremy A. , Jensen Anders A. , Xue Lulin , Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein we describe the moist dynamics formulation implemented within the graphics processing unit‐resident large‐eddy simulation FastEddy®model, which includes a simple saturation adjustment scheme for condensation and evaporation processes. Two LES model intercomparison exercises for non‐precipitating shallow cumulus clouds are simulated in order to validate this model extension, including a static forcing and a time‐dependent forcing case. Overall, we find our dynamical, thermodynamical and microphysical quantities, along with turbulence variability and fluxes, to be commensurate with the corresponding model intercomparison results. In addition, sensitivities to specific model settings are investigated. Among these settings, it is shown that boundary layer and cloud layer structure and characteristics are sensitive to use of higher‐order advection schemes impacting the vertical distribution of cloud content and associated turbulence statistics. Increasing the timescale of the saturation scheme leads to enhanced liquid water presence and decreases vertical velocity variance within the cloud deck. In some cases, these sensitivities agree with the model‐to‐model variability reported in the intercomparison exercises, highlighting the important role of specific model implementation choices in the context of shallow cumulus convection simulations. These analyses and findings also provide the basis for future extensions and applications of FastEddy®for modeling moist convection and precipitation scenarios.