bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E^4: Professional learning for science teachers on using imaginative tools for teaching about energy
Authors: Puecher C , Altiero T , Amoruso M , Cantó Doménech J , Fuchs H U , Giovannini I , Grazzini B , Jaime Lahoz J , Karwasz G , Piccinetti L , Santoro D , Wyborska K , Corni F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Faced with current environmental and technological challenges, we believe it is necessary to support and reform teacher education at academic institutions—especially for primary and lower secondary school teachers—in matters concerning energy. Here, we present the Erasmus project e^4, where we aim at (1) creating a higher education course with innovative resources for teacher training in the field of energy technologies, (2) establishing a network of academic institutions and partners from (energy) industry, agriculture and public institutions dealing practically with these matters (from hereon called stakeholders); and lastly, (3) making these results available on a web platform. In this paper, we outline the project and its contents, and report about experimenting with one of its resources, i.e. Lego® Serious Play® storytelling.
Improved spectrometry of semi-insulating GaAs detectors by chemically thinning detector thickness
Authors: Sagatova A. , Kovacova E. , Gregusova D. , Zatko B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The spectrometric properties of a semiconductor detector depend on both, the base material quality and the electric collection field distribution. In the case of single pad semi-insulating (SI) bulk GaAs detectors with a circular electrode the electric field collecting the charge generated by the radiation is affected by electrode area, detector thickness and applied bias. Thinner and smaller detectors under higher bias obtain better spectrometric properties such as charge collection efficiency (CCE) and energy resolution (FWHM) due to a more intense electric collection field and fewer volume defects. However, the bulk SI GaAs substrate fabrication limits the lowest achievable wafer thickness to about 200 μm due to crystal fragility. We have developed the SI GaAs detectors of 60, 110, 155 and 200 μm thickness by wet chemical etching of 250 μm thick GaAs substrate. The samples were evaluated from point of view of electrical and spectrometric properties. The CCE and FWHM were evaluated with respect to detector thickness and applied bias. The highest achieved CCE increased with thinning detector material from 72% to 92%. The best energy resolution of about 80 keV for 5.5 MeV alpha particles was reached with the 60 μm thick detector.
Design of the movable collimator for background suppression for the CEPC
Authors: Zhang P. , Wang H. , Bai S. , Liu Y. , Qu H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a proposed
electron-positron collider to be operated at unprecedented high
energy and luminosity. To reduce background noise from spent
particles, a movable collimator system has been devised. This study
presents a comprehensive design of the movable collimator for the
CEPC, addressing the challenges posed by its high energy and
luminosity. The interaction between synchrotron radiation,
background particles, and the collimator was thoroughly
investigated. Several aspects, including optimization of synchrotron
radiation load, thermodynamic design, and structural impedance of
the collimator, are considered. Additionally, the study examines the
impact of key geometric parameters on the collimator's performance,
providing valuable guidance for optimizing its performance with
different requirement.
Projected increases in tropical cyclone-induced U.S. electric power outage risk
Authors: Rice Julian R , Balaguru Karthik , Staid Andrea , Xu Wenwei , Judi David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While power outages caused by tropical cyclones (TCs) already pose a great threat to coastal communities, how—and why—these risks will change in a warming climate is poorly understood. To address this need, we develop a robust machine learning model to capture TC-induced power outage risk. When applied to 900 000 synthetic TCs downscaled from simulated historical and future climate conditions under a strong warming scenario, we find outage risk in the United States and Puerto Rico is expected to increase broadly by the end of the century, with some states seeing increases of 60% and higher. Further, we discover that rising rainfall rates will play an increasingly important role in TC-induced power outage risk as the climate changes, explaining more than 50% of the projected change in risk in some regions. These insights are important for guiding decision-makers in their future outage risk investment and mitigation plans.
Introduction and overview
Authors: Aidt Toke S , Franck Raphaël 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the new process-based approach to the study of democratisation which focuses on one reform and its components. It explains how this approach can help us understand the relevance of different theories of democratisation. It provides an overview of the book and explains how its structure relates to the reform process that culminated with the Great Reform Act of 1832.
From the Unreformed Parliament to the Great Reform Act
Authors: Aidt Toke S , Franck Raphaël 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter sets the stage for the constitutional drama that unfolded between November 1830 and June 1832 and resulted in the Great Reform Act of 1832. It surveys the main features of the Unreformed Parliament and brings its salient features to life with rich micro-political data. It also provides a step-by-step guide to the events between November 1830 and June 1832 that subsequent chapters will focus on, and it highlights five significant roadblocks that had to be overcome on the bill’s bumpy journey to the statute books. The chapter concludes with an evaluation of the economic and political consequences of the Great Reform Act.
Conclusion
Authors: Aidt Toke S , Franck Raphaël 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This book emphasises the process aspect of democratic reform. Rather than treating a reform as one discrete event, it argues that much can be learned about the causes of democratisation by focusing on sub-events within the reform process. In the case of the Great Reform Act of 1832, this perspective shows that different causal forces played pivotal roles at different points in the Reform Bill’s journey through the Unreformed British Parliament. The book offers new insights into the root causes of democratisation and shows, through detailed econometric analysis of rich micro-political data, how theoretically relevant factors play a crucial role in particular instances and not in others.
Phenotypic clustering in tuberous sclerosis complex reveals four distinct disease trajectories
Authors: Dhawan Andrew , Kumar Harshita , Huang Honglian , Gupta Ajay 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a phenotypically heterogeneous autosomal dominant epilepsy, neuropsychiatric, and tumoral predisposition disease, occurring due to germline variants in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Despite an improving understanding of the varied phenotypes TSC may present with, there remains an incomplete understanding of the disease trajectory and genotype-phenotype relationship in this disorder. We sought to examine whether an unbiased clustering approach could uncover subgroups of disease trajectories in TSC and enhance understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation.
In this observational, prospective, multicentre natural history cohort of patients with confirmed diagnosis of TSC (TSC Alliance Natural History Database), data collected from 2006 - 2022 was used to identify groups of co-occurring phenotypes. This was a multicentre study involving 18 TSC clinical network centres in the US. 947 individuals were included, all of whom had a clinical diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex. Each patient was required to have complete characterization of 29 phenotype features associated with TSC. The primary outcomes were consensus clusters of clinical features defining subgroups of patients with TSC and their association with genotype.
947 individuals (50% male) across the TSC Alliance Natural History Database were included in this study, and 29 clinical features were used to define clusters of phenotypes to define disease trajectories. Four reproducible and distinct disease subgroups were identified: angiomyolipoma-predominant TSC (cluster 1), TSC with infantile spasms (cluster 2), neuropsychiatric TSC (cluster 3), and a milder phenotype of TSC (cluster 4). Variants in the rho domain of hamartin and the TSC1 binding domain of tuberin preferentially associated with cluster 1, with increased likelihood of angiomyolipomas, dermatologic findings, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma.
Four distinct disease subgroups exist in TSC and differentially associate with variant location, informing deep genotype-phenotype correlation in TSC with potential impact in personalizing disease surveillance, treatment, and clinical trial endpoint choice. Additional prospective data are needed to confirm these findings.
Marshall’s economics of work: a reassessment
Authors: Spencer David A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article reassesses some key aspects of Alfred Marshall’s economics of work, showing their value, limitations and enduring relevance for modern economic enquiry. It establishes that, for Marshall, work mattered not just because of the income it gave to workers, but also because of the kind of lives that it enabled workers to lead. Based on a wide conception of work, Marshall supported the reform of work, including the reduction of working hours, in order to improve workers’ quality of life. The article argues that some of Marshall’s core ideas on work and work reform can offer help in rethinking how modern economics conceptualises work and how it approaches issues of progress in workers’ well-being.
Nested likelihood-ratio testing of the nonsynonymous:synonymous ratio suggests greater adaptation in the piRNA machinery of Drosophila melanogaster compared with Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila willistoni, two species with higher repeat content
Authors: Blumenstiel Justin P , Kingan Sarah B , Garrigan Daniel , Hill Tom , Vedanayagam Jeffrey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed a signature of strong adaptive evolution in the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) machinery of Drosophila melanogaster, but the cause of this pattern is not understood. Several hypotheses have been proposed. One hypothesis is that transposable element (TE) families and the piRNA machinery are co-evolving under an evolutionary arms race, perhaps due to antagonism by TEs against the piRNA machinery. A related, though not co-evolutionary, hypothesis is that recurrent TE invasion drives the piRNA machinery to adapt to novel TE strategies. A third hypothesis is that ongoing fluctuation in TE abundance leads to adaptation in the piRNA machinery that must constantly adjust between sensitivity for detecting new elements and specificity to avoid the cost of off-target gene silencing. Rapid evolution of the piRNA machinery may also be driven independently of TEs, and instead from other functions such as the role of piRNAs in suppressing sex-chromosome meiotic drive. We sought to evaluate the impact of TE abundance on adaptive evolution of the piRNA machinery in D. melanogaster and 2 species with higher repeat content—Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila willistoni. This comparison was achieved by employing a likelihood-based hypothesis testing framework based on the McDonald–Kreitman test. We show that we can reject a faster rate of adaptive evolution in the piRNA machinery of these 2 species. We propose that the high rate of adaptation in D. melanogaster is either driven by a recent influx of TEs that have occurred during range expansion or selection on other functions of the piRNA machinery.
Analysis of Ga2 genome structure and activity reveals widespread distribution of functional alleles in modern maize germplasm
Authors: Moran Lauter Adrienne N , Holland James B , Scott M Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Ga2 locus controls unilateral cross incompatibility in Zea species. Molecular characterization of this locus indicates that fully functional loci contain two components that function in male and female reproductive tissues, Ga2P and Ga2F respectively. Some Zea mays varieties have been reported to be capable of overcoming the Ga2 reproductive barrier including the widely used inbred line Mo17. Our objective was to better understand the structure, function and distribution of the Ga2 locus in Zea species. To do this, we first examined the ability to overcome the Ga2 reproductive barrier across a diverse sample of Zea mays inbred lines. The ability of Mo17 to overcome the Ga2 reproductive barrier was mapped to the Ga2 locus. We next examined the structure of the Ga2 locus. Like the Ga1 locus, the Ga2 locus in Zea mays sp. contains multiple repeated functional genes and pseudogenes encoding the Ga2P and Ga2F pectin methylesterase enzymes. The organization of these repeat units is similar in the three sweet corn lines examined, and all are capable of overcoming the reproductive barrier. The non-sweet corn lines have a variety of genome structures, but these structures do not correlate well with the ability to overcome the Ga2 reproductive barrier. Levels of transcripts derived from Ga2P and the ability to overcome the reproductive barrier in sweet corn are higher in sweet corn lines than the other lines tested. The role of Ga2P in Zea mays in the apparent absence of a functional female factor remains unclear and may be evidence for an additional role in reproductive tissues.
Humanized Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a facile and effective tool to identify damaging human variants that cause exosomopathies
Authors: Ahammed Khondakar Sayef , Fasken Milo B , Corbett Anita H , van Hoof Ambro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved, multiprotein complex that is the major RNase in 3’ processing and degradation of a wide range of RNAs in eukaryotes. Single amino acid changes in RNA exosome subunits cause rare genetic diseases collectively called exosomopathies. However, distinguishing disease-causing variants from non-pathogenic ones remains challenging, and the mechanism by which these variants cause disease is largely unknown. Previous studies have employed a budding yeast model of RNA exosome-linked diseases that relies on mutating the orthologous yeast genes. Here, we develop a humanized yeast model of exosomopathies that allows us to unambiguously assess damaging effects of the exact patient variant in budding yeast. Individual replacement of the yeast subunits with corresponding mammalian orthologs identified six out of nine non-catalytic core subunits of the budding yeast RNA exosome that can be replaced by a mammalian subunit, with three of the replacements supporting close to normal growth. Further analysis of the disease-associated variants utilizing the hybrid yeast/mammalian RNA exosome revealed functional defects caused by both previously characterized and uncharacterized variants of EXOSC2, EXOSC4, EXOSC7, and EXOSC9. Analysis of the protein levels of these variants indicates that a subset of the patient-derived variants causes reduced protein levels, while other variants are defective but are expressed as well as the reference allele, suggesting a more direct contribution of these residues to RNA exosome function. This humanized yeast model of exosomopathies provides a convenient and sensitive genetic tool to help distinguish damaging RNA exosome variants from benign variants. This disease model can be further exploited to uncover the underpinning mechanism of RNA exosome defects.
Tudor domain containing protein 5-like (Tdrd5l) identifies a novel germline body and regulates maternal RNAs during oogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Pozmanter Caitlin , Benner Leif , Kelly Sydney E , Curnutte Harrison , Emilfork Laura , Van Doren Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tudor domain-containing proteins are conserved across the animal kingdom for their function in germline development and fertility. Previously, we demonstrated that Tudor domain-containing protein 5-like (Tdrd5l) plays an important role in the germline where it promotes male identity. However, Tdrd5l is also expressed in both the ovary and testis during later stages of germline development, suggesting that it plays a role in germline differentiation in both sexes. We found that Tdrd5l localizes to a potentially novel germline body and plays a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Additionally, embryos laid by Tdrd5l-mutant females exhibited reduced viability and displayed dorsal appendage defects suggesting a failure of proper dorsal-ventral (D/V) patterning. As D/V patterning is dependent on gurken (grk), we examined Grk expression during oogenesis. We observed premature accumulation of Grk protein in nurse cells indicating that translation is no longer properly repressed during mRNA transport to the oocyte. We also observed increased nurse cell accumulation of the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein Oo18 RNA-Binding Protein (Orb or CPEB), a translational activator of grk. Decreasing orb function was able to partially rescue the Tdrd5l-mutant phenotype, and so defects in Orb are likely a primary cause of the defects in Tdrd5l mutants. Our data indicate that Tdrd5l is important for translational repression of maternal mRNAs such as orb, and possibly others, following their synthesis in the nurse cells and during their transport to the oocyte.
From data to artificial intelligence: evaluating the readiness of gastrointestinal endoscopy datasets
Authors: Elamin Sami , Johri Shreya , Rajpurkar Pranav , Geisler Enrik , Berzin Tyler M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy represents a promising advancement in gastroenterology. With over 40 published randomized controlled trials and numerous ongoing clinical trials, gastroenterology leads other medical disciplines in AI research. Computer-aided detection algorithms for identifying colorectal polyps have achieved regulatory approval and are in routine clinical use, while other AI applications for GI endoscopy are in advanced development stages. Near-term opportunities include the potential for computer-aided diagnosis to replace conventional histopathology for diagnosing small colon polyps and increased AI automation in capsule endoscopy. Despite significant development in research settings, the generalizability and robustness of AI models in real clinical practice remain inconsistent. The GI field lags behind other medical disciplines in the breadth of novel AI algorithms, with only 13 out of 882 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved AI models focussed on GI endoscopy as of June 2024. Additionally, existing GI endoscopy image databases are disproportionately focussed on colon polyps, lacking representation of the diversity of other endoscopic findings. High-quality datasets, encompassing a wide range of patient demographics, endoscopic equipment types, and disease states, are crucial for developing effective AI models for GI endoscopy. This article reviews the current state of GI endoscopy datasets, barriers to progress, including dataset size, data diversity, annotation quality, and ethical issues in data collection and usage, and future needs for advancing AI in GI endoscopy.
First report of the deer ked, Lipoptena cervi, and associated pathogens in southern Québec, Canada
Authors: Bouchard Catherine , Dumas Ariane , Dyer Elizabeth , Desrochers-Plourde Carol-Ann , Audet-Legault Raphaëlle , Hubert Marine , Aenishaenslin Cécile , Rocheleau Jean-Philippe , Leighton Patrick , Gasse Anaïs , Iranpour Mahmood , Smid Joel , Waitt Brooks , Savage Jade , Coatsworth Heather 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Deer keds (Lipoptena cervi), an introduced European species, are expanding their geographic range in North America. We document their first recorded presence in Québec, Canada, map their distribution, and highlight the detection of pathogens of potential public health relevance. In the Estrie region of southern Québec, 47 deer keds (L. cervi) were collected from 14 (5.5%) of 254 harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Borrelia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in the body of 1/44 and 8/44 L. cervi specimens, respectively. A statistically significant spatial cluster of white-tailed deer infested by L. cervi was found in southern Estrie using the Bernoulli-based spatial scan statistic.
Evaluating vector mosquito occurrence in residential rain barrels in central Illinois
Authors: Cloud Rebecca E , Mackay Andrew J , Sanchez Maeli C , Wangen Catherine E , Allan Brian F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Several species of vector mosquitoes (eg Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758), Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895)) complete juvenile development in artificial containers. Rain barrels are green infrastructure tools used to conserve rainwater for outdoor use, though they may also serve as a source of mosquito habitat in residential neighborhoods. To identify rain barrel features, maintenance habits, and other conditions associated with the presence of juvenile mosquitoes (ie month), we conducted periodic inspections of rain barrels at 53 households in central Illinois, USA between June and September 2016. Additionally, we administered a questionnaire to the household study participants. In the first month of the study, a diversity of mosquito species was detected in household rain barrels, but from July to September juveniles of Ae. albopictus were predominant. More than half of inspected households contained at least one mosquito-positive rain barrel within the study period. Using stepwise model selection, the strongest predictors of whether or not mosquito juveniles were detected in rain barrels were the use of a preventative measure (eg Bti, chlorine, goldfish), the presence of a mesh covering on the lid of the barrel, and the month of the year. Additionally, the participant questionnaire revealed that the majority of respondents were aware of immediate elimination methods, but few were aware of the need for long-term preventative maintenance of rain barrels against larval mosquito colonization. These findings provide valuable insight into best practices for mosquito prevention in green infrastructure and highlight the importance of proper maintenance and education to minimize juvenile mosquito habitat.
Surgical management of bilateral axillary severe hidradenitis suppurativa with thoracodorsal artery perforator V-Y advancement flaps: a case report
Authors: Le Phuc H , Tran Tien N , Phung Nguyen , Le Nhan N T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by follicular occlusion and rupture, leading to recurrent abscesses and dermal destruction. Severe cases, classified as Hurley Stage III, often require surgical intervention. This report presents a 27-year-old male with bilateral axillary Stage III HS persisting for 2 years. Despite a 10-week Adalimumab regimen, recurrent lesions necessitated surgical excision with bilateral thoracodorsal artery perforator (TDAP) V-Y advancement flaps. The patient exhibited successful wound healing and cicatrization and preserved functionality postoperatively. TDAP flaps present several advantages over skin grafts, including reliable vascularity, minimal donor site morbidity, and improved aesthetic results. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of TDAP V-Y advancement flaps in reconstructing axillary defects, significantly reducing the risk of recurrence. The patient’s positive recovery and absence of procedure-related complications show that TDAP V-Y advancement flaps offer a superior, functional, and aesthetically pleasing option for managing severe HS.