bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESAIN DIRECT CONTACT HEAT EXCHANGER (DCHE) PADA UNIT MASAKAN DEFEKASI - REMELT - KARBONATASI (DRK) DI PG KEBON AGUNG MALANG
Authors: Ramadhanty Alya Putri , Sindhuwati Christyfani , Azizah Tiara Nur , Saputra Firmansyah Agil 
Published: June 2022

Gula adalah salah satu komoditas yang banyak diproduksi di Indonesia untuk digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari hari. Gula yang ada di Indonesia ummnya diproduksi dengan menggunakan nira tanaman tebu atau raw sugar. Raw sugar yang digunakan akan dilelehkan dan dimurnikan kembali dengan menggunakan metode pemurnian defekasi-karbonatasi. Pada PG Kebon Agung yang berada di Kabupaten Malang, proses ini dilakukan di unit masakan Defekasi-Remelt-Karbonatasi (DRK). Gula yang telah dilelehkan kembali dengan air kemudian dimasukkan ke rangkaian peralatan karbonatasi, salah satunya adalah reaktor karbonatasi. Pada kenyataannya, reaktor ini memiliki beban kinerja yang cukup besar karena suhu bahan yang masuk sangat rendah. Untuk menanggulangi masalah ini, sebuah peralatan pertukaran panas dengan jenis direct contact akan ditambahkan pada rangkaian tersebut. Sebelum dipasangkan, peralatan perlu dirancang terlebih dahulu. Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan desain dari peralatan direct contact heat exchanger (DCHE) yang akan dipasangkan pada unit DRK PG Kebon Agung. Untuk mendapatkan desain DCHE yang dikehendaki, data lapangan serta data asumsi perlu dikumpulkan terlebih dahulu sebelum dilanjutkan dengan proses penghitungan dengan menggunakan berbagai rumus yang tersedia serta pembuatan gambar alatnya. Berdasarkan penghitungan yang dilakukan, peralatan DCHE yang digunakan memiliki diameter luar sebesar 1,1222 meter dengan tinggi 10,4480 meter. Maka dari itu, peralatan ini dinilai layak dari segi ekonomi maupun kegunaannya untuk digunakan pada proses pemanasan awal bahan sebelum masuk ke reaktor karbonatasi.
KUALITAS VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) HASIL FERMENTASI SELAMA ≥ 24 JAM MENGGUNAKAN RAGI ROTI DENGAN KONSENTRASI NUTRISI YEAST 6%
Authors: Setyorini Alvira Alwa , Lusiani Cucuk Evi 
Published: June 2022

Pohon kelapa sangat bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia karena hampir seluruh bagian kelapa dapat dimanfaatkan, salah satunya yaitu daging buah kelapa. Salah satu produk olahan daging buah kelapa adalah Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) yang dapat dibuat melalui proses fermentasi tanpa pemanasan dengan penambahan ragi sebagai starter. VCO yang diolah tanpa pemanasan tidak akan merusak komponen penting yang terkandung di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas VCO hasil fermentasi selama ≥ 24 jam menggunakan ragi roti dengan konsentrasi nutrisi yeast 6% b/v. Kualitas produk VCO ditinjau berdasarkan yield, warna, aroma, rasa, dan pH. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan ragi roti pada waktu fermentasi selama 24, 30, dan 36 jam. Berdasarkan hasil analisis produk VCO, dapat diketahui bahwa yield VCO paling tinggi diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi selama 24 jam yaitu sebesar 18,1% dan nilai yield menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu fermentasi. Produk VCO yang dihasilkan memiliki sifat fisik yang sesuai dengan syarat mutu Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7381:2008, yaitu tidak berwarna dan jernih, aroma khas kelapa segar, dan rasa khas minyak kelapa. Untuk analisis nilai pH, produk VCO yang dihasilkan pada waktu fermentasi selama 24 hingga 36 jam dengan menggunakan ragi roti memiliki nilai pH yang sama yaitu 5.
STUDY ON DOUBLE-EFFECT DISTILLATION PROCESS FOR SEPARATING METHANOL-WATER USING ASPEN PLUS V10
Authors: Putri Zauziah Pramiswari , Lusiani Cucuk Evi , Zhishan Zhang 
Published: June 2022

Methanol (also known as CH3OH, methyl alcohol, hydroxymethane, wood alcohol, or carbinol) is a widely used primary raw material. It is one of the first organic chemicals to find extensive laboratory and industrial use. Methanol and water are ideal binary systems that can be separated by conventional distillation. This study aims to separate methanol-water using a simulated double-effect distillation process in Aspen Plus. To obtain a higher purity of methanol and consider the high energy consumption of the distillation process, double-effect distillation with a double column was used. Furthermore, the single-column and double-effect distillation processes can be simulated by Aspen Plus software. The software version used in this simulation is Aspen Plus V.10 with NRTL thermodynamics methods as binary interaction parameters. The double effect distillation column was equipped with a heat exchanger, splitter, and pump. Moreover, a design specification is needed to get the purity of methanol as wanted. Compared to each column process, the temperature profile of each column process is directly proportional to the number of stages. By simulation process that has been carried out, the purity of methanol in the single-column process and double-effect distillation process is slightly different with 97.1% and 97.2%, respectively. In the double-effect distillation process, columns C1 and C2 save 0.6% and 0.37% of energy in the single-column process, respectively. It indicates that the double-effect distillation has obvious advantages over single-column distillation in terms of purity of methanol and energy saving.
Early Levosimendan Administration Improved Weaning Success Rate in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Chen Yu-Wen , Lee Wei-Chieh , Wu Po-Jui , Fang Hsiu-Yu , Fang Yen-Nan , Chen Huang-Chung , Tong Meng-Shen , Sung Pei-Hsun , Lee Chieh-Ho , Chung Wen-Jung 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundVenoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has been increasingly used in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock (CS) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. It is difficult to perform VA-ECMO weaning, which may cause circulatory failure and death. Levosimendan is an effective inotropic agent used to maintain cardiac output, has a long-lasting effect, and may have the potential benefit for VA-ECMO weaning. The study aimed to explore the relationship between the early use of levosimendan and the rate of VA-ECMO weaning failure in patients on VA-ECMO support for circulatory failure.MethodsAll patients who underwent VA-ECMO in our hospital for CS between January 2017 and December 2020 were recruited in this cohort study and divided into two groups: without and with levosimendan use. Levosimendan was used as an add-on to other inotropic agents as early as possible after VA-ECMO setting. The primary endpoint was VA-ECMO weaning success, which was defined as survival without events for 24 h after VA-ECMO withdrawl. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular and all-cause mortality at the 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods post-VA-ECMO initialization.ResultsA total of 159 patients were recruited for our study; 113 patients were enrolled in the without levosimendan-use group and 46 patients were enrolled in the levosimendan-use group. In levosimendan-use group, the patients received levosimendan infusion within 24 h after VA-ECMO initialization. Similar hemodynamic parameters were noted between the two groups. Poorer left ventricular ejection fraction and a higher prevalence of intra-aortic balloon pumping were observed in the levosimendan group. An improved weaning rate (without vs. with: 48.7 vs. 82.6%; p &lt; 0.001), lower in-hospital mortality rate (without vs. with: 68.1 vs. 43.5%; p = 0.007), and 180-day cardiovascular mortality (without vs. with: 75.3 vs. 43.2%; p &lt; 0.001) were also noted. Patients administered with levosimendan also presented a lower rate of 30-day (without vs. with: 75.3 vs. 41.3%; p = 0.034) and 180-day (without vs. with: 77.0 vs. 43.2%; p &lt; 0.001) all-cause mortality.ConclusionEarly levosimendan administration may contribute to increasing the success rate of VA-ECMO weaning and may help to decrease CV and all-cause mortality.
Complete Blood Count-Derived Indices as Prognostic Factors of 5-Year Outcomes in Patients With Confirmed Coronary Microvascular Spasm
Authors: Bil Jacek , Pietraszek Natalia , Gil Robert J. , Gromadziński Leszek , Onichimowski Dariusz , Jalali Rakesh , Kern Adam 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCoronary microcirculatory dysfunction is a meaningful factor in the development of ischemic heart disease. We investigated the relationship between coronary microvascular spasm and complete blood count indices.MethodsBetween 2010 and 2013, we performed acetylcholine test (AChT) in subjects with suspicion of angina evoked by epicardial coronary spasm or coronary microvascular spasm according to COVADIS criteria. We administered acetylcholine in increasing doses of 25, 50, and 75 μg into the right coronary artery and 25, 50, and 100 μg into the left coronary artery. Patients were followed up for 60 months.ResultsIn total, 211 patients (60.5 ± 7.8 years, 67.8% women) were included in the study. The AChT revealed angina due to epicardial coronary spasm in 99 patients (46.9%) and coronary microvascular spasm in 72 (34.1%). White blood cell (WBC), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelets (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) values were significantly higher in patients with coronary microvascular spasm than in patients from the other two groups, i.e., epicardial coronary spasm and negative AChT. PDW showed the highest sensitivity (65%) and specificity (72%) at the cutoff value of 15.32% [area under the curve, 0.723; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–0.83; P &lt; 0.001]. Independent risk factors for coronary microvascular spasm diagnosis using AChT were as follows: female sex (OR, 1.199), PDW (OR, 2.891), and RDW (OR, 1.567).ConclusionPDW and RDW are significantly associated with the diagnosis of coronary microvascular spasm in patients undergoing AChT as well as with poor prognosis in such patients at 5 years.
The Tectonic Map and Structural Provinces of the Late Neoproterozoic Egyptian Nubian Shield: Implications for Crustal Growth of the Arabian–Nubian Shield (East African Orogen)
Authors: Hamimi Zakaria , Hagag Wael , Fritz Harald , Baggazi Haitham , Kamh Samir 
Published: June 2022

The Late Neoproterozoic Egyptian Nubian Shield (ENS) has attracted increasing attention since the establishment of the Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority (EGSMA (1896)), which conducted the first mapping. In the last three decades, rapid improvements in analytical techniques, along with field-oriented studies, have made it possible for the interpretation of the ENS as an integral part of the juvenile Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) as a portion of the East African Orogen (EAO). However, a consistent tectonic map of the ENS does not exist. Presentation of such a map is the main objective of the present work where Landsat-based lithological discrimination is combined with the systematic structural investigation and careful reassessment of previously published geological maps. Our interpretation of this map indicates that in accordance with previous work, the basement units of the Eastern Desert (ED) can be divided into three structural domains: Northern, Central, and South-Eastern Desert provinces. The proposed provinces are ascribed to three different plate tectonic far-field boundary conditions. The earliest magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic history was set off by the approximate north–south convergence of the Gabgaba-Gebeit, Jiddah-Asir terranes, and Eastern Desert-Midyan terranes along the Yanbo-Onib-Sol-Hamid-Gerf-Allaqi-Heiani (YOSHGAH) suture between c. 800 and 620 Ma. The second event between c. 640 and 580 Ma was correlated with the Nabitah Orogeny when the Ad Dawadimi-Ar Rayn terranes in the eastern Arabian Shield accreted to the earlier consolidated arc terranes (Afif and Tathlith terranes). During this period, east–west convergence between northwestern Saudi Arabia and the Central Eastern Desert (CED) in Egypt caused a pronounced strike-slip deformation associated with the displacement along the wider Najd Fault system. The third orogenic phase, which was younger than c. 580 Ma, was controlled by the evolution and retreat of the Cadomian Arc. The northern portions of the ENS and the northern Arabian Shield experienced extension whereas extensive post-orogenic magmatism was related to mantle delamination and associated crustal thinning.
Negative Correlation Between 18F-RGD Uptake via PET and Tumoral PD-L1 Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wu Leilei , Liu Jingru , Wang Shasha , Bai Menglin , Wu Min , Gao Zhenhua , Li Jianing , Yu Jinming , Liu Jie , Meng Xue 
Published: June 2022

PurposeWe investigated the correlation of 18F-AlF-NOTAPRGD2 (18F-RGD) uptake during positron emission tomography (PET) with tumoral programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and explored its potential in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.MethodsForty-two mice were subcutaneously injected with CMT-167 lung carcinoma cells. A total of 30 mice with good growth tumor and good general condition were selected. 18F-RGD PET scanning was performed on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 11 with five mice per day. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 was performed on each specimen obtained from tumors. Thirty patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were scanned using 18F-RGD PET/CT, and Milliplex multifactor detection analyzed serum PD-1/PD-L1 expression of twenty-eight of them. Thirteen of them were analyzed immunohistochemically using core needle biopsy samples obtained from primary tumors.ResultsThirty mice were scanned by 18F-RGD PET/CT and analyzed for PD-L1 expression in tumor cells by IHC finally. Maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) were significantly lower in relatively-higher-PD-L1-expression tumors than in relatively-low-PD-L1-expression tumors (P &lt; 0.05). In patients, the SUVmax was significantly negatively correlated with tumoral PD-L1 expression by IHC (P=0.014). SUVmean, peak SUV (SUVpeak), and gross tumor volume (GTV) were also negatively correlated with PD-L1, but without significance (P &gt; 0.05). SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, and GTV were negatively correlated with serum PD-1 and PD-L1, but not significantly. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, significant correlations between SUVmax and tumoral PD-L1 expression in both mice and patients were present (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionHigher 18F-RGD uptake is correlated with depressed PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, and SUVmax is the best parameter to display tumoral expression of PD-L1. 18F-RGD PET may be useful for reflecting the immune status of NSCLC.
Serum Free Zinc Is Associated With Vaccination Response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chillon Thilo Samson , Maares Maria , Demircan Kamil , Hackler Julian , Sun Qian , Heller Raban A. , Diegmann Joachim , Bachmann Manuel , Moghaddam Arash , Haase Hajo , Schomburg Lutz 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundZinc (Zn) is an essential trace element with high relevance for the immune system, and its deficiency is associated with elevated infection risk and severe disease course. The association of Zn status with the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is unknown.MethodsA cohort of adult health care workers (n=126) received two doses of BNT162B2, and provided up to four serum samples over a time course of 6 months. Total SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody potency was determined, along with total as well as free Zn concentrations.ResultsThe SARS-CoV-2 antibodies showed the expected rise in response to vaccination, and decreased toward the last sampling point, with highest levels measured three weeks after the second dose. Total serum Zn concentrations were relatively stable over time, and showed no significant association with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Baseline total serum Zn concentration and supplemental intake of Zn were both unrelated to the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Time resolved analysis of free Zn indicated a similar dynamic as the humoral response. A positive correlation was observed between free Zn concentrations and both the induced antibodies and neutralizing antibody potency.ConclusionWhile the biomarkers of Zn status and supplemental Zn intake appeared unrelated to the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, the observed correlation of free Zn to the induced antibodies indicates a diagnostic value of this novel biomarker for the immune system.
Long-Term Prognostic Factors in Patients With Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A 15-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Liao Qian-Qian , Ren Ya-Fei , Zhu Ke-Wei , Qin Dong , Mo Yan-Ju , Cong Shan , Wu Juan , Wang Chun-Ying , Cui Xiao-Jiao , Xu Hong-Zhen , Guo Lin-Zheng , Zhang You-Yan , Song Hai-Xia , Zhang Wei , Yang Zhe , Tang Yan-Feng , Li Zhuo-Jun , Xie Zhou-Ni , Li Li-Mei , Wang Hui-Juan , Zhou Meng-Meng , Wei Fang-Ning , Chen Peng , Shi Yu-Hong 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with small-vessel involvement. In AAV, microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) are major clinicopathologic variants. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) are major target antigens. The objective of the study was to explore the predictive factors for long-term survival in AAV patients.Materials and MethodsA multicenter retrospective study was carried out on 407 patients between 2005 and 2020. Clinical parameters were obtained from laboratory tests including the ANCA types, antinuclear antibody (ANA), extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), anti-streptolysin O (ASO), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and the laboratory examinations for the blood routine, liver function, renal function, and immunity, etc. The data for clinical parameters were collected from electronic medical records (EMRs), and the data for patient survival were acquired through regular follow-up. The association of clinical parameters with overall survival (OS) along with 3-year and 5-year survival rates was analyzed, and the nomogram as a predictive model was established according to the analysis results.ResultsIn the present study, 336 (82.6%) patients and 46 (11.3%) patients were diagnosed with MPA and GPA, respectively. The mean and median OS for all the patients were 2,285 and 2,290 days, respectively. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year cumulative survival rates for all the patients were 84.2%, 76.3%, 57.2%, and 32.4%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses indicated that the independent prognostic factors included age, pathological categories (MPA, GPA, and other types), serum ANCA types (negative or positive for MPO and/or PR3), ANA, ASO, GFR, lymphocyte, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and these clinical parameters except for ASO were used to construct a nomogram. The nomogram for 3-year and 5-year survival rates had a C-index of 0.721 (95% CI 0.676–0.766). The calibration curves showed that the predicted values of the nomogram for 3-year and 5-year survival rates were generally consistent with practical observed values, and decision curve analysis (DCA) further demonstrated the practicability and accuracy of the predictive model.ConclusionLaboratory tests at diagnosis have great significance in the prediction of long-term survival in AAV patients.
Exploration of Novel Immunological Terms in Lung Cancer With Large Populations: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Yao Yuanshan , Wang Jing , Yang Fuzhi , Gao Wen 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIdeal biomarkers to predict the response to immunotherapy in lung cancer are still lacking. Therefore, there is a need to explore effective biomarkers in large populations.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore novel immunological classifications that are associated with immunotherapy response through the ssGSEA algorithm.MethodsSix independent lung cancer cohorts were collected for analysis including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the EMBL-EBI database. The ssGSEA algorithm was performed to extract immune terms. Then, TCGA samples were involved as a training group and other cohorts were used as a validation group. After LASSO and Cox regression, prognostic associated immune terms were extracted and an immune-related risk score (IRS) signature was constructed. Furthermore, the association between IRS signature and clinical data, genome features, stemness indices analysis, tumor immune microenvironment, immunotherapy efficiency, and targeted therapy response was also investigated.ResultsA total of 1,997 samples were enrolled in this study including six large lung cancer cohorts. Fifty-four immune terms were calculated through the ssGSEA algorithm in combined cohorts. Then, a nine-immune-term risk score model named IRS signature was established to predict the prognosis in combined cohorts. We classified patients into high-risk and low-risk subgroups according to the cutoff point. Subsequently, analysis of clinical data and genome features indicated that the patients in the high-IRS group tend to have advanced clinical features (clinical stage and T classification), as well as a higher level of copy number variation burden, higher tumor burden mutation, and higher tumor stemness indices. Immune landscape analysis demonstrated that high-IRS groups exhibited lower immune cell infiltration and immune-suppressive state. More importantly, the predicted result of the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion analysis showed that high-IRS groups might be more insensitive to immunotherapy. Meanwhile, we have also identified that high-IRS groups were associated with better efficiency of several targeted drugs.ConclusionTo summarize, we identified a novel IRS model based on nine immune terms, which was quantified by the ssGSEA algorithm. This model had good efficacy in predicting overall survival and immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer patients, which might be an underlying biomarker.
An Altered Metabolism in Leukocytes Showing in vitro igG Memory From SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients
Authors: Fanelli G. , Gevi F. , Zarletti G. , Tiberi M. , De Molfetta V. , Scapigliati G. , Timperio A. M. 
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a systemic infection that exerts a significant impact on cell metabolism. In this study we performed metabolomic profiling of 41 in vitro cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), 17 of which displayed IgG memory for spike-S1 antigen 60–90 days after infection. By using mass spectrometry analysis, a significant up-regulation of S-adenosyl-Homocysteine, Sarcosine and Arginine was found in leukocytes showing IgG memory. These metabolites are known to be involved in physiological recovery from viral infections and immune activities, and our findings might represent a novel and easy measure that could be of help in understanding SARS-Cov-2 effects on leukocytes.