bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of perampanel in children diagnosed with epilepsy: Focus on influencing factors on the plasma concentration‐to‐dose ratio
Authors: Li Yue , Dong Na , Qin Yu‐Xin , Dai Hao‐Ran , Hu Ya‐Hui , Zhao Yue‐Tao , Guo Hong‐Li , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Jing , Lu Xiao‐Peng , Chen Feng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of perampanel (PER) therapy and to optimize a specific plasma reference range for PER in children. Another major aim was to evaluate the potential determinators of PER concentration.MethodsConcentrations obtained from 80 children were analyzed for routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) between 2021 and 2022. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of these patients and assessed the efficacy at 3 months after treatment initiation. Trough concentration‐to‐dose ratio (C0/Dose ratio) of PER was compared among patients on various potential influencing factors.ResultsA 3‐month PER therapy produced a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency in 58.8% of patients. Twelve patients reported at least one adverse effect (AE), mainly dizziness. The monitoring data showed that the median C0 was 325.5 ng/mL. Under maintenance dosages, approximately 75% of the C0 values were 180.0‐610.0 ng/mL. The C0/Dose ratio in patients aged 1 to <4 was significantly lower by twofold than in those aged 4 to ≤12 years (P = 0.001). Enzyme‐inducing ASMs (EIASMs) decreased the C0/Dose ratio of PER by 25.9% (P = 0.165). In addition, seizure frequency reduction in responders was achieved at a median PER C0 value of 357 ng/mL, which was similar to the value of 314 ng/mL found in nonresponders (P = 0.288). No significant difference was found in PER C0 values between patients with and without AEs (P = 0.082).SignificanceIn this study, PER treatment showed acceptable efficacy and tolerance in Chinese children with epilepsy. Contributing factors like age to variable C0/Dose ratios were identified, and complex PER‐ASMs interactions were observed. Notably, the reference range, that is, 180.0‐610.0 ng/mL, for routine PER monitoring may be more applicable for them. Routine TDM should be considered a positive attempt to manage the effectiveness and safety of PER.
European consumer and societal stakeholders' response to crop improvements and new plant breeding techniques
Authors: Nair Abhishek , Fischer Arnout R. H. , Moscatelli Silvana , Socaciu Carmen , Kohl Christian , Stetkiewicz Stacia S. , Menary Jonathan , Baekelandt Alexandra , Nanda Amrit K. , Jorasch Petra , Davies Jessica A. C. , Wilhelm Ralf 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe global demand for providing nutritious, sustainable, and safe diets for a 10 billion population by 2050 while preserving affordability, reducing environmental impacts, and adapting to climate change will require accelerating the transition to sustainable agri‐food systems. A plausible way to help tackle these challenges is by developing new plant varieties that have improved crop yield, plant nutritional quality, and sustainability (or resilience) traits. However, stakeholders, consumers, and citizens' concerns and appreciation of future‐proofing crops and the acceptability of new plant breeding strategies are not well‐established. These groups are actors in the agri‐food systems, and their views, values, needs, and expectations are crucial in helping to co‐design fair, ethical, acceptable, sustainable, and socially desirable policies on new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) and the transition to sustainable agri‐food systems. In this study, we engaged with consumer experts and societal stakeholders to consider their perceptions, expectations, and acceptability of improving crops and NPBTs for future‐proofing the agri‐food systems. Our analysis points to a need for governments to take a proactive role in regulating NPBTs, ensure openness and transparency in breeding new crop varieties, and inform consumers about the effects of these breeding programmes and the risks and benefits of the new crop varieties developed. Consumer experts and societal stakeholders considered these strategies necessary to instil confidence in society about NPBTs and accelerate the transition to sustainable agri‐food systems.
Partial laryngectomy for naïve pT3N0 laryngeal cancer: Systematic review on oncological outcomes
Authors: Campo Flaminia , Mazzola Francesco , Bianchi Giulia , Manciocco Valentina , Ralli Massimo , Greco Antonio , Sperduti Isabella , de Vincentiis Marco , Pellini Raul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe first aim was to define the oncologic outcomes of open partial laryngectomy (OPL) in naïve pT3 laryngeal cancer. The second aim was to analyze the outcomes after OPL versus total laryngectomy (TL). A literature search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) until January 2022. In 805 patients treated with OPL, 5‐year OS, DSS, DFS and LFS were 80.5% (95% CI 70.6–87.6), 83.4% (95% CI 75.7–89), 77.4% (95% CI 66.3–85.7) and 77.9% (95% CI 68.7–85), respectively. Three articles compared TL versus OLP: 5‐year OS, DSS and DFS risk difference were 0.100 (95% CI −0.092 to 0.291), 0.067 (95% CI −0.085 to 0.220) and 0.018 (95% CI −0.164 to 0.201) respectively. OPL for selected pT3 laryngeal cancer is able to guarantee a high percentage of oncological success. Accurate patient selection is of utmost importance to differentiate advanced disease amenable to conservative surgery.
Hippocampal neurogenesis promotes effortful responding but does not regulate effort‐based choice
Authors: Seib Désirée R. , Princz‐Lebel Oren , Chahley Erin R. , Floresco Stan B. , Snyder Jason S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA fundamental trait of depression is low motivation. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been associated with motivational deficits but detailed evidence on how it regulates human‐relevant behavioral traits is still missing. We used the hGFAP‐TK rat model to deplete actively dividing neural stem cells in the rat hippocampus. Use of the effort‐discounting operant task allowed us to identify specific and detailed deficits in motivation behavior. In this task, rats are given a choice between small and large food rewards, where 2–20 lever presses are required to obtain the large reward (four sugar pellets) versus one press to receive the smaller reward (two sugar pellets). We found that depleting adult neurogenesis did not affect effort‐based choice or general motivation to complete the task. However, lack of adult neurogenesis reduced the pressing rate and thus increased time to complete the required presses to obtain a reward. In summary, the present study finds that adult hippocampal neurogenesis specifically reduces response vigor to obtain rewards and thus deepens our understanding in how neurogenesis shapes depression.
Protein adsorption and separation with monomodal and multimodal anion exchange chromatography resins. Part II. Mechanisms of protein aggregation on the chromatographic surface
Authors: Roberts Joey A. , Carta Giorgio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDProteins on chromatographic surfaces can undergo conformational changes, leading to aggregate formation. Such effects have been reported previously for hydrophobic interaction and cation exchange chromatography. In Part I of this work, we examined protein adsorption behavior on monomodal (Nuvia HP‐Q) and multimodal anion exchangers (Nuvia aPrime and Capto Adhere), observing that aggregates are also formed on these multimodal resins. In this work we examine the underlying mechanisms and the conditions that affect aggregate formation.RESULTSIncubating the multimodal anion exchangers with pure bovine serum albumin monomer at low ionic strength results in the formation of dimer and higher‐order oligomers (up to hexamers) to an extent that depends on the incubation time. The percentage of total protein initially bound that is desorbed decreased from >85% with a 5 min incubation to <40% with 24 h incubation at pH 7.0, indicating that additional irreversibly bound species are formed on the resin surface. Load buffers leading to stronger binding (higher pH and/or lower salt) and higher temperatures (32 °C) result in more extensive aggregation. Minimal aggregation occurs, instead, for Nuvia HP‐Q.CONCLUSIONBSA oligomers are formed directly on the surface of the multimodal resins studied and are eluted as discrete species at increasing salt concentrations. Aggregate formation is promoted by the ligand hydrophobicity and affects the separation of monomer–dimer mixtures by frontal chromatography, as the ability of the dimer in the feed to displace the adsorbed protein is impaired by gradual conversion of the monomer to stronger bound species. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Priorities for health and wellbeing for older people with and without HIV in Uganda: a qualitative methods study
Authors: Reynolds Zahra , Gilbert Rebecca , Sentongo Ruth , Meyer Ana‐Claire , Saylor Deanna , Okello Samson , Nakasujja Noeline , Greene Meredith , Seeley Janet , Tsai Alexander C. , Asiimwe Stephen , Quach Lien , Olivieri‐Mui Brianne , Siedner Mark J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith improved HIV treatment availability in sub‐Saharan Africa, the population of older people with HIV (PWH) is growing. In this qualitative study, we intended to understand (1) the lived experiences of ageing people in rural Uganda, with and without HIV, (2) their fears and health priorities as they grow older.MethodsWe conducted 36 semi‐structured interviews with individuals with and without HIV in Mbarara, Uganda from October 2019 to February 2020. Interview guide topics included priorities in older age, physical functioning in daily activities, social functioning, HIV‐related stigma and the impact of multimorbidity on health and independence. Interviews were conducted in Runyankole, transcribed, translated and inductively coded thematically by two researchers with tests for inter‐coder reliability.ResultsThe respondents were purposively sampled to be evenly divided by sex and HIV serostatus. The median age of respondents was 57 (49–73). Two‐thirds were married or cohabitating, 94% had biological children and 75% cited farming as their primary livelihood. Overall, PWH considered themselves as healthy or healthier than people without HIV (PWOH). PWH rarely considered their HIV status a barrier to a healthy life, but some reported a constant sense of anxiety as it relates to their long‐term health. Irrespective of HIV status, nearly all respondents noted concerns about memory loss, physical pain, reductions in energy and the effect of these changes on their ability to complete physical tasks like small‐scale farming, and activities of daily living important to the quality of life, such as participating in community groups. Increasing reliance on others for social, physical and financial support was also a common theme. The most prevalent health concern among participants involved the threat of non‐communicable diseases and perceptions that physical functioning may diminish.ConclusionsIn rural Uganda, we found that PWH consider themselves to be healthy and do not anticipate a different ageing experience from PWOH. Common priorities shared by both groups included the desire for physical and financial independence, health maintenance and social support for daily functioning and social needs. Entities supporting geriatric care in Uganda would benefit from attention to concerns about functional limitations and reported needs as people age with and without HIV.
The politics of gifts and reciprocity in South–South Cooperation: The case of India's Covid‐19 diplomacy
Authors: Venkatachalam Meera , Nielsen Kenneth Bo , Modi Renu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDevelopment economists have often argued that South–South flows of capital and aid are devoid of the conditionalities and hierarchies that define North–South flows of the same. Maussians and neo‐Maussians maintain that gifting—which allows for the ethos of reciprocity—leads to the formation of more equal international partnerships. This article focusses on India's development diplomacy. We unpack Indian cultural notions of ‘gifting’, which do not allow for imaginings of reciprocity, and show how ‘the gift’ has been strategically employed by Indian actors as a tool of state‐making to forge relations of hierarchy and dependence globally.
Severe loss of appetite and refusal to eat as severe side effect of glycerol phenylbutyrate
Authors: Grünert Sarah Catharina , Schumann Anke , Spiekerkoetter Ute 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB) is an ammonia scavenger drug commonly used in the therapy of patients with urea cycle defects. Reported side effects include body odor, abdominal pain, nausea, burning sensation in mouth, vomiting, and heartburn. We report on a 3‐year‐old late diagnosed female patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency that experienced severe loss of appetite under treatment with GBP. Due to catabolism (calory intake about 400 kcal/day) and the associated risk of metabolic decompensation, GBP treatment was discontinued. Her appetite and eating behavior normalized within 1 day after discontinuation of GBP and switch to sodium benzoate. Our case demonstrates that GBP can cause severe loss of appetite that may put patients at risk of metabolic decompensation and require discontinuation of therapy.
End‐user understanding of qualitative comparative analysis used within evidence synthesis: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Kahwati Leila C. , Kelly Bridget J. , Johnson Mihaela , Clark Rachel T. , Viswanathan Meera 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced uptake of systematic reviews that use qualitative comparative analyses (QCA) requires knowing how end‐users interpret such findings. The study purpose was to identify effective approaches to communicating results from a QCA within a systematic review.MethodsSequential exploratory mixed methods design; thematic analysis of interviews with 11 end‐users followed by a randomized experiment with 254 participants that provided QCA results for a hypothetical review presented through three formats (text, table, and figure). A survey administered after the experiment assessed subjective and objective comprehension of QCA results.ResultsInterview themes included use of jargon; appropriate use of appendices, tables, figures; and integration of QCA results within the systematic review. In the experiment, we observed a significant difference (p = 0.035) in subjective comprehension across the three presentation formats. Participants randomized to the figure and text formats scored higher compared to the table. No significant differences were observed for objective comprehension overall (p = 0.11). However, for parameter interpretation (a unique component of QCA results), scores among participants that received the figure format were significantly higher than scores for participants who received the text (p = 0.001) or table (p = 0.004). No significant differences (p = 0.09) were observed in objective comprehension for configuration interpretation.ConclusionsEnd‐users of systematic reviews saw value in the use of QCA, but unfamiliar methods and terminology were barriers to full understanding of the findings. When presenting results, a figure format appears to be superior to text or table formats based on measures of subjective comprehension and some measures of objective comprehension.
Gauging Stakeholder Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Gender‐Affirming Voice Care
Authors: Millman Noah , Timmons Sund Lauren , Johns Michael , Elliott Ayana , Silverstein Einav , Bensoussan Yael 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAs the main objective outcome measure used in gender‐affirming voice care (GAVC), fundamental frequency (f0) often fails to accurately reflect patient perceptions of their voice. Our team developed an artificial intelligence (AI) program that provides an alternative objective outcome measure that has the potential to more accurately align with patient perceptions.ObjectiveTo gauge stakeholder receptivity to the use of AI in GAVC before employing a novel outcome measure in transgender and nonbinary communities.MethodsThis prospective qualitative study used online focus groups composed of speech‐language pathologists (SLPs), transgender men (TGM), transgender women (TGW), and nonbinary (NB) individuals. Participant age, race, gender, and geographic location were recorded. Each cohort participated in a series of two focus group sessions. The first session focused on participant experiences in GAVC, whereas the second ascertained participant perspectives on the use of AI in GAVC. Transcripts of each discussion were coded using Nvivo to perform inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSeven SLPs, seven TGW, three TGM, and two NB individuals (mean [range] age, 35.5 [26–48] years) participated. Transgender and nonbinary participants were generally amenable to the technology, whereas SLPs were more hesitant about its use. Positive findings included appreciation for AI as an objective outcome measure and enthusiasm for its potential to longitudinally track progress. Hesitations concerned the actionability of using the AI and unease about the black box nature of the AI's analysis.ConclusionTransgender and NB individuals were receptive to the use of AI technology in GAVC, whereas SLPs were more apprehensive about using AI.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1698–1705, 2023
Ist Geruchsverlust heilbar?
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCovid‐19 führt bei vielen Erkrankten zu vorübergehendem oder gar lang anhaltendem Verlust des Geruchssinns (Anosmie). Damit rückt die Pandemie ein lange vernachlässigtes Gesundheitsproblem ins Rampenlicht – und weckt Hoffnung auf Fortschritt bei der Behandlung.
Regionales Stipendiat:innentreffen 2022 des VCI/FCI in Mainz
Authors: Quraishi Elisabeth , Thömmes Anna‐Lena 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIm August trafen sich 16 vom Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI) geförderte Stipendiat:innen aus der Region an der Universität Mainz, um sich über ihre Forschung auszutauschen. Den Stipendiat:innentag hatte Christoph Kerzig organisiert, der seit 2020 als Junior‐Professor mit einem Liebig‐Stipendium des FCI/VCI an der Uni Mainz mit seiner Gruppe zu Photochemie forscht.
Magnetic manipulation of discontinuous ferromagnetic fibers in viscous fluids: Dynamics of single fiber alignment
Authors: De Schryver Cédric , Vanoost Dries , Buffel Bart , Pissoort Davy , Desplentere Frederik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe method of fiber morphology manipulation using magnetic field interaction is proposed for single discontinuous steel fibers dispersed in viscous fluids and subjected to low magnetic fields. The goal of this study was to investigate the fiber behavior under different test conditions. The effects of the fluid viscosity, the fiber aspect ratio and the strength of the magnetic field on the dynamics of fiber alignment were analyzed. In‐plane magnetic alignment tests with a single fiber were carried out to avoid fiber‐fiber interactions and fiber clustering. Based on the experimental results, a model to predict ferromagnetic fiber alignment caused by a static unidirectional magnetic field was provided. Existing models focus on the different torques occurring in the realignment process. The presented model is based on single‐term exponential equations and considers all previously mentioned variables. It is shown that a good agreement between experimental data and fiber realignment predictions for single fibers is achieved.
Variable rate air‐assisted spray based on real‐time disease spot identification
Authors: Zhang Jinhui , Yin Hao , Zhou Liangfu , Gu Chao , Qiu Wei , Lv Xiaolan , Sun Hao , Yu Hongfeng , Zhang Zhengwei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the variable‐rate application (VA) of agrochemicals on fruit trees is based on canopy volume and biomass. The canopy volume has a significant relationship with disease resistance and degree of disease incidence. Therefore, this study proposes a VA method that uses deep convolutional neural networks for real‐time recognition of disease spots on pear trees. Furthermore, it specifies the limitations and application scenarios of the disease spot recognition. Field performance tests were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed VA system.ResultsThe results showed a mean average precision, precision, and recall of 87.42%, 83.76%, and 87.23%, respectively. The spot recognition rate was 81.3% when the canopy sampling distance, spot diameter, and canopy porosity were 1.2 m, 4–8 mm, and 55.76%, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed VA system saved 51.9% spray volume compared to conventional methods while ensuring quality.ConclusionCompared to the traditional constant rate model, the proposed VA technology based on real‐time disease spot identification can reduce spraying in nondiseased areas, thereby abandoning the previous saturation application practice and significantly reducing pesticide use. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrated availability importance measure analysis for multi‐state manufacturing system based on proportional hazards model
Authors: Gu Dongwei , Jia Ligang , Zhong Yuhong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAvailability is a comprehensive reflection of the overall performance for a manufacturing system, so it is necessary to evaluate the impact of component changes on the availability of a manufacturing system. However, most of the existing importance measures are based on reliability change or state degradation to measure the relative importance of components, which cannot be comprehensively analyzed for multi‐state manufacturing systems. The availability of a multi‐state manufacturing system is influenced by time and state. Therefore, considering the synergistic effect of time and state, this paper proposes an Integrated Availability Importance Measure (IAIM) based on proportional hazards model combining with component state probability and state transition rate. This measure fully examines the time parameters, state parameters and maintenance impact of multi‐state systems, and can comprehensively evaluate the relative importance of multi‐state coherent system components, provide theoretical basis for further developing the availability maintenance strategy, and indicate the improvement direction for further improving the reliability of multi‐state manufacturing systems. A numerical example is given to prove its feasibility, and the influence of related parameters is investigated by sensitivity analysis. Finally, a real‐world case study is used to illustrate its applicability.
Pneumonia caused by toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Doyle Dominic , Long Amy , Murphy Desmond M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA well‐functioning 68 year old gentleman presented to our hospital with a macular rash 2 weeks after starting a course of Ciprofloxacin. There was rapid progression of skin involvement including the mucosa, complicated by pancytopaenia. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) was suspected and the patient was administered intravenous immunoglobulins and granulocyte colony stimulating factor. TEN was confirmed on skin biopsy and a lymphocyte transformation test demonstrated sensitisation to Ciprofloxacin. The patient developed multifocal pulmonary infiltrates with evidence of pulmonary involvement and probable pneumonia after 1 week and was treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. He also became dysphagic and suffered recurrent aspiration pneumonias. Follow up studies revealed fixed airways obstruction and features of bronchiolitis on computed tomography. This case highlights pulmonary involvement which can become a chronic complication of TEN, itself precipitated by the rare drug cause of Ciprofloxacin.