bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the nutritional characteristics and fatty acid profiles of the seeds and seed oils of sweet, bell and bird varieties of pepper (capsicum species)
Authors: Adeyeye A , Salami-Adeniyi AI , Sulaiman WK 
Published: January 2022

The proximate compositions of the seeds and fatty acid contents of the seed oils of the three varieties of Capsicum (pepper) species fruits â€“ sweet, bell and bird pepper â€“ have been determined using standard AOAC methods. Their proximate compositions gave moisture contents as 82.54%, 83.32% and 84.74% for bird, sweet and bell peppers respectively. Other proximate values in the various pepper samples ranged as follows: crude fat 1.52%â€“2.21%, crude protein 2.64%â€“3.51%, crude fibre 2.72%â€“4.71%, ash contents 1.62%â€“3.03% and carbohydrate contents 4.52â€“6.96%. The order of abundance of the fatty acids were linoleic > oleic > stearic > palmitic in each sample. All the other fatty acids, except myristic acid in bell pepper seed oil, had values lower than 1.00% in all samples. The total unsaturated fatty acids predominated the total saturated ones with values ranging from 79.23% in bird pepper to 82.33% in bell pepper. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 57.80% in sweet pepper to 66.50% in bell pepper while the total essential fatty acids ranged from 57.78% in sweet pepper to 66.00% in bell pepper. The total unsaturated/saturated (P/S) ratio was highest in bell pepper, making it the most nutritionally useful of them all.Â Â Â
Characterization of biomass residue (yam peels) for bioethanol production
Authors: Bashir Abdulrahman , Mohammed Baba Nasirudeen , M. Akpomie Timothy 
Published: January 2022

The potential of yam peels for bioethanol production was investigated through an understanding of their compositional profile. The yam peels dried powder was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, and it was examined for proximate and biochemical composition. The result of the biochemical analysis of the yam peels showed the following: holocellulose (57.93 %) [cellulose (29.02 %) + hemicellulose (28.91 %)], and lignin (27.43 %), while the proximate analysis showed the following: moisture (11.11 %), ash (5.93 %), and volatile matter (68.4 %). Consequently, the X-ray diffraction pattern shows the presence of amorphous and crystalline region in the sample. The result showed that the yam peels possesses low lignin and high holocellulose content. This study indicate that the yam peels are potential candidates for bioethanol production.Â Â
Concentration level of arsenic in agricultural soil and surface water used for irrigation in Bukuru, JOS- south LGA of plateau state, Nigeria
Authors: J.D Dodo , C.O Akinola , E. Ogah , S. J. Salami 
Published: January 2022

Arsenic concentration of agricultural soil and surface water used for irrigation were surveyed in two abandoned mining sites of Jos South Local Government Area. DB-Zang and Dorowa total dissolved solid, total hardness, electrical conductivity, temperature and pH of the agricultural soil and surface water were determined according to standard procedure. Result indicates that Total dissolve solids in W1 was 156Â±2.00mg/L and for W2 (160Â±2.00mg/L), total hardness W1 (35.20Â±4.70mg/L) and W2 (44.67Â±4.70mg/L), electrical conductivity for W1 was 0.240Â±0.189Âµs/cm and W2 was 0.120Â±0.189Âµs/cm ,electrical conductivity for S1 (0.49Â±0.16Âµs/cm), S2 (0.17Â±0.16Âµs/cm), temperature for both water was 28.00Â±0.00oC for soil are 18.00Â±0.00 o C, pH for W1 (7.10Â±0.05) and W2 (7.20Â±0.05), pH for S1 (6.90Â±0.15) S2 ( 6.60Â±0.15). The concentration of Arsenic in soil L2 is14.00Â±0.70Âµg/kg which is in agreement with WHO recommended level of Arsenic in soil and for L1 257.00Â±120.00Âµg/kg which is not in agreement with the WHO recommended level of arsenic, while in water for L1 was 3.00Â±0.50Âµg/L which is not in agreement with the WHO recommended level of arsenic and L2 was 48.00Â±0.70Âµg/L which is not in agreement with the WHO recommended level of arsenic. The cultivation of food crops in those areas are not recommended.Â Â Â
Failures and reoperation in fixed prosthesis -Systematic Review-
Authors: Amine CHAFII , Abdallah MOUHIBI , Abderrhman ANDOH 
Published: January 2022

Our systematic review is made in view of the absence of studies dealing with failures and reoperations which encompassed all types of dento-supported fixed prosthetic restorations and aims to study prosthetic failures that could be encountered in fixed dento-supported prosthesis and the solutions to remedyOver the past two centuries, considerable progress has been made under the leadership of many scientists who have developed materials and techniques, with the aim of improving the quality of care and improving ergonomics.In short, in fixed prosthesis, failures have particularly serious consequences and can occur at all levels involved for these restorations. They can happen at any time.This is how we were able to note the influence of certaine variable on the success and durability of the treatments, which did not depend only on the skill and precision used during prosthetic development, such as the location, arch, preparation design, number of abutments, type of material used, bonding material, surface treatment and technologies used.So the choice of restorative materials was a decisive factor that had to be the result of a careful study of the different materials available depending on the clinical situation, in order to increase their longevity and therefore reduce the risk of failure.Â Â Â
Development of precipitation intensity-duration-frequency curves for litani river basin - Lebanon
Authors: Obeid Hilal , El Kholy Mohamad 
Published: January 2022

Most countries in the Middle East region lack the availability of rainfall data and relationships for the rainfall durations and frequencies. In this study, the daily rainfall data collected from Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute and Beirut Airport Weather Forecast for five stations in Litani River Basin-Lebanon over a period of twenty-three years are analyzed. SCS Type II rainfall distribution was adopted for short duration intervals. Gumbel, Normal, and the Log Pearson Type III distributions are used to develop the relationship between the rainfall intensity, storm duration, and return periods. Chi-Square test is used to confirm the suitability of the fitted distributions. Results obtained using Log Pearson and Gumbel distributions are very close and are more applicable compared to that of the Normal Distribution. Also, results show that IDF equations of Kimijima and Sherman may fit well at all stations.Â Â Â
Performance of sequence batch moving bed biofilm reactor under different operation cycle modes for domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: K.Azeez Ghufran , S. Al-Rekabi Wisam , T. Ibrahim Husham 
Published: January 2022

Because of the rapid urbanization, the rate of surface water pollution is increasing daily due to the disposal of different wastewater in the water bodies leading to creating major impacts on humans and wildlife. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new treatment technology that can meet the challenges of increased sewage discharges and strictness in standard specifications for treated water and the lowest possible construction, maintenance, and operation costs while avoiding all the problems that arise from the use of the traditional technique of active sludge. Sequence Batch Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (SBMBBR) technology has been developed to overcome these challenges, (SBMBBR) process is one of the most efficient and economical wastewater treatment systems. in our research. the Lab-scale of SBMBBR technology is constructed to treat domestic wastewater. The SBR unit is consist of; Primary clarifier of (150 L), an SBR reactor of (96 L) which were used to treated 80 L/d, at the MBB which used Kaldnes media, was utilized as a carrier in reactor at a media fill ratio equal to 50%. We Was optimize of five operations cyclic mode and choose The fourth cyclic mode is the best for the average efficiency of removal (COD, NH4+-N, TN, TP) was (98.132%), (97.642%), (82.255%), and (92.107%) respectively.Â Â
Thermo mechanical and microstructural constituents of dissimilar S700MC-S960QC high-strength steel welded joints using overmatched filler wire
Authors: Njock Bayock Francois , Tony Kibong Marius , Timba Sadrack , Nelson Che Nji 
Published: January 2022

In this study, a mechanical and microstructural constituent of welded joints of dissimilar high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels (S700MC/S960QC) using overmatched filler wire was evaluated. Three different heat inputs (18 kJ/cm, 8 kJ/cm, and 10 kJ/cm) and overmatched filler wire were applied using the GMAW process. Micro-hardness measurement was conducted using Vickers hardness test, tensile test, and microstructural constituents by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed in this analysis. A dissimilar welded sample with a cooling time of 51s (18 kJ/cm) showed a substantial hardness reduction in the fine grain heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the S700MC steel side, which was between 220-240 HV5. The cause could be the increase of heat input but also the use of overmatched filler wire, which can be the result of an increase of ferrite to austenite formation in the HAZ. SEM/EDS results confirmed the increase of carbide clusters, and tempered Martensite in the CGHAZ of the S960QC side, and ferrite-bainite on the S700MC side. An increase in the presence of high carbide content and the formation of Ni, Mo, and Mn were observed on the S960QC side. The increase of carbide formation in the CGHAZ of both sides reduced the hardness and strength of the welded joints. The tensile test confirms the softening observed in the FGHAZ of the S700MC side, which caused the joint fracture on this side during the test.Â Â
Ethylene glycol poisoning treated using combination of ethanol and haemodialysis therapy instead of fomepizole: a case report
Authors: Une Kazunobu , Kishi Yasumasa , Hidaka Yui , Esaki Takashi 
Published: January 2022

We report a case of ethylene glycol poisoning in a 70-year-old man with headache and dysarthria. Blood tests showed a marked increase in the anion gap (29.8 mOsm/kg) and osmotic gap (14 mOsm/kg). The estimated blood concentration of ethylene glycol was 86.8 mg/dL. Ethanol was administered and he underwent haemodialysis for 7 cycles, which was discontinued on day 12. Fomepizole, which competes with alcohol dehydrogenase, is an effective treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning. However, it is usually prescribed within 24 h after poisoning, and studies on its use in cases of severe acute renal injury over time are limited. We were able to obtain good results with haemodialysis without using fomepizole. Conventional treatments such as haemodialysis may be more useful than fomepizole in terms of cost benefits in patients with addiction who have been taking the drug for a long time or who have advanced renal injury.Â Â Â
Electromagnetic field in a rectangular cavity: an example of second quantization
Authors: Otieno  Ndinya Boniface 
Published: January 2022

We consider the case of electromagnetic field inside a rectangular cavity with conducting walls as a form of a system described by classical mechanics equations. We pass these equations through the Lagrangian formalism to obtain the Hamiltonian formulation. Finally we apply canonical quantization to end up with a quantum theory of the electromagnetic field. Since classical electrodynamics can be interpreted as the quantum theory of a one photon system, then the above quantization is taken as the â€œquantization of the quantum theory of the electromagnetic fieldâ€ or simply second quantization.Â Â
Numerical equivalence of ℝ-divisors and Shioda–Tate formula for arithmetic varieties
Authors: Dolce Paolo , Gualdi Roberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLetXbe an arithmetic variety over the ring of integers of a number fieldK, with smooth generic fiberXK{X_{K}}. We give a formula that relates the dimension of the first Arakelov–Chow vector space ofXwith the Mordell–Weil rank of the Albanese variety ofXK{X_{K}}and the rank of the Néron–Severi group ofXK{X_{K}}. This is a higher-dimensional and arithmetic version of the classical Shioda–Tate formula for elliptic surfaces.Such an analogy is strengthened by the fact that we show that the numerically trivial arithmeticℝ{\mathbb{R}}-divisors onXare exactly the linear combinations of principal ones. This result is equivalent to the non-degeneracy of the arithmetic intersection pairing in the argument of divisors, partially confirming a conjecture by H. Gillet and C. Soulé.
Early medieval glass smoothers as a manifestation of the spread of Christianity in Mainland Europe
Authors: Ježek Martin , Zavřel Jan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Archaeology has been attempting to explain the purpose of medieval hemispherical artefacts called glass smoothers, found in much of Europe, for a century and a half. The oldest and most widespread opinion considers them to be tools designed for the care of clothing. This article presents the results of SEM observations of the surface of selected specimens. The identification of streaks of non-ferrous, especially precious metals, shows that they were intended for another purpose. After discussing the anthropological contexts, including burial finds, the authors conclude that glass smoothers were developed and primarily intended for gilding murals with metal leaves. The inertness of glass to mercury also made it possible to use these artefacts in another method of gilding – amalgamation. It was the contact with precious metal that justified the transformation of a glass smoother on the occasion of a funeral from a working tool into an object with symbolic value. Therefore, the occurrence of glass smoothers in graves cannot be associated with the activities of the deceased individual.
THE TRANSITION FROM EDUCATION TO THE LABOUR MARKET DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE ATTITUDES AND EXPERIENCES OF UNEMPLOYED YOUTH IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Brazienė Rūta , Gruževskis Boguslavas , Okunevičiūtė-Neverauskienė Laima 
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a subjective evaluation of the attitudes and experiences in the Lithuanian labour market of currently unemployed youths (aged 18 to 35) registered at the public employment service (PES). The main focus is on identifying the main issues related to the successful transition of youths from education to the labour market. Research questions: How do currently unemployed young people evaluate their prospects on the labour market? What is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on youth transitions? What are the obstacles in the search for a (first) job? The study is based on survey research that was carried out in Lithuania from February to April 2021. A total of 453 young people who are currently unemployed and registered at the PES participated in the study. The results reveal that the Covid-19 pandemic has affected more vulnerable young people with a lower educational level and less work experience living in rural areas. Respondents with lower levels of education indicated greater difficulties in the search for a first job and in obtaining a stable working position. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the transition from education to the labour market for young women more than for men.
Long-Range Amplitude Coupling Is Optimized for Brain Networks That Function at Criticality
Authors: Avramiea Arthur-Ervin , Masood Anas , Mansvelder Huibert D. , Linkenkaer-Hansen Klaus 
Published: January 2022

Brain function depends on segregation and integration of information processing in brain networks often separated by long-range anatomic connections. Neuronal oscillations orchestrate such distributed processing through transient amplitude and phase coupling, yet surprisingly, little is known about local network properties facilitating these functional connections. Here, we test whether criticality, a dynamical state characterized by scale-free oscillations, optimizes the capacity of neuronal networks to couple through amplitude or phase, and transfer information. We coupledin siliconetworks which exhibit oscillations in the α band (8–16 Hz), and varied excitatory and inhibitory connectivity. We found that phase coupling of oscillations emerges at criticality, and that amplitude coupling, as well as information transfer, are maximal when networks are critical. Importantly, regulating criticality through modulation of synaptic gain showed that critical dynamics, as opposed to a static ratio of excitatory and inhibitory connections, optimize network coupling and information transfer. Our data support the idea that criticality is important for local and global information processing and may help explain why brain disorders characterized by local alterations in criticality also exhibit impaired long-range synchrony, even before degeneration of axonal connections.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo perform adaptively in a changing environment, our brains dynamically coordinate activity across distant areas. Empirical evidence suggests that long-range amplitude and phase coupling of oscillations are systems-level mechanisms enabling transient formation of spatially distributed functional networks on the backbone of a relatively static structural connectome. However, surprisingly little is known about the local network properties that optimize coupling and information transfer. Here, we show that criticality, a dynamical state characterized by scale-free oscillations and a hallmark of neuronal network activity, optimizes the capacity of neuronal networks to couple through amplitude or phase and transfer information.
Disrupting the Balance of Protein Quality Control Protein UBQLN2 Accelerates Tau Proteinopathy
Authors: Gerson Julia E. , Sandoval-Pistorius Stephanie , Welday Jacqueline P. , Rodriguez Aleija , Gregory Jordan D. , Liggans Nyjerus , Schache Kylie , Li Xingli , Trzeciakiewicz Hanna , Barmada Sami , Sharkey Lisa M. , Paulson Henry L. 
Published: January 2022

Tau protein accumulation drives toxicity in several neurodegenerative disorders. To better understand the pathways regulating tau homeostasis in disease, we investigated the role of ubiquilins (UBQLNs)—a class of proteins linked to ubiquitin-mediated protein quality control (PQC) and various neurodegenerative diseases—in regulating tau. Cell-based assays identified UBQLN2 as the primary brain-expressed UBQLN to regulate tau. UBQLN2 efficiently lowered wild-type tau levels regardless of aggregation, suggesting that UBQLN2 interacts with and regulates tau protein under normal conditions or early in disease. Moreover, UBQLN2 itself proved to be prone to accumulation as insoluble protein in male and female tau transgenic mice and the human tauopathy progressive supranuclear palsy. Genetic manipulation of UBQLN2 in a tauopathy mouse model demonstrated that a physiological UBQLN2 balance is required for tau homeostasis. UBQLN2 overexpression exacerbated phosphorylated tau pathology and toxicity in mice expressing P301S mutant tau, whereas P301S mice lacking UBQLN2 showed significantly reduced phosphorylated tau. Further studies support the view that an imbalance of UBQLN2 perturbs ubiquitin-dependent PQC and autophagy. We conclude that changes in UBQLN2 levels, whether because of pathogenic mutations or secondary to disease states, such as tauopathy, contribute to proteostatic imbalances that exacerbate neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe defined a role for the protein quality control protein Ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2), in age-related neurodegenerative tauopathies. This group of disorders is characterized by the accumulation of tau protein aggregates, which differ when UBQLN2 levels are altered. Given the lack of effective disease-modifying therapies for tauopathies and the function of UBQLN2 in handling various disease-linked proteins, we explored the role of UBQLN2 in regulating tau. We found that UBQLN2 reduced tau levels in cell models but behaved differently in mouse brain, where it accelerated mutant tau pathology and tau-mediated toxicity. A better understanding of the diverse functions of regulatory proteins like UBQLN2 can elucidate some of the causative factors in neurodegenerative disease and outline new routes to therapeutic intervention.
Jackstone: A Calculus “Toy” in the Bladder. A Case Report of Rare Entity and Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Symeonidis Evangelos N. , Memmos Dimitrios , Anastasiadis Anastasios , Mykoniatis Ioannis , Savvides Eliophotos , Langas Georgios , Baniotis Panagiotis , Bouchalakis Athanasios , Tsiakaras Stavros , Stefanidis Panagiotis , Stratis Michail , Mutomba Wilbert F. , Vakalopoulos Ioannis , Dimitriadis Georgios 
Published: January 2022

Background: An uncommon type of urinary calculus, Jackstone was named after its distinct resemblance to the children’s game “Jacks.” It typically involves the bladder and, to a lesser extent, the upper urinary tract.Case Presentation: Herein, we report a case of Jackstone vesical calculus in a 75-year-old male undergoing elective open prostate surgery for benign prostate hyperplasia refractory to medical treatment. Preoperative clinical examination revealed intermittent gross hematuria and symptoms suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction, while radiological investigation confirmed the presence of a solitary star-shaped spike-like bladder stone along with an overly enlarged prostate. Following open simple prostatectomy and concomitant intact stone removal, our patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery.Conclusion: This case highlights an infrequent subtype of bladder lithiasis and further expands upon the importance of promptly treating the underlying cause once this rare entity is detected. A comprehensive review of the literature on Jackstone calculi is further presented.
Trends in Survival for Pediatric Transplantation
Authors: Hickner Brian , Anand Adrish , Godfrey Elizabeth L. , Dunson Jordan , Reul Ross M. , Cotton Ronald , Galvan Nhu Thao Nguyen , O’Mahony Christine , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVESProgress in pediatric transplantation measured in the context of waitlist and posttransplant survival is well documented but falls short of providing a complete perspective for children and their families. An intent-to-treat analysis, in which we measure survival from listing to death regardless of whether a transplant is received, provides a more comprehensive perspective through which progress can be examined.METHODSUnivariable and multivariable Cox regression was used to analyze factors impacting intent-to-treat survival in 12 984 children listed for heart transplant, 17 519 children listed for liver transplant, and 16 699 children listed for kidney transplant. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess change in waitlist, posttransplant, and intent-to-treat survival. Wait times and transplant rates were compared by using χ2 tests.RESULTSIntent-to-treat survival steadily improved from 1987 to 2017 in children listed for heart (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–0.97), liver (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.97), and kidney (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99) transplant. Waitlist and posttransplant survival also improved steadily for all 3 organs. For heart transplant, the percentage of patients transplanted within 1 year significantly increased from 1987 to 2017 (60.8% vs 68.7%); however, no significant increase was observed in liver (68.9% vs 72.5%) or kidney (59.2% vs 62.7%) transplant.CONCLUSIONSIntent-to-treat survival, which is more representative of the patient perspective than individual metrics alone, steadily improved for heart, liver, and kidney transplant over the study period. Further efforts to maximize the donor pool, improve posttransplant outcomes, and optimize patient care while on the waitlist may contribute to future progress.