bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adnexal iceberg: pruritic papule on top of a nodule on the back
Authors: Dowdle Travis S. , Holder Katherine G. , Hope Landon , Maldonado Dylan , Billings Steven , Tarbox Michelle 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), one of the most common malignancies, is rarely associated with follicular and apocrine differentiation patterns. This case presents a case of BCC with atypical gross presentation and features of aberrant differentiation. Clinicians should maintain a high level of clinical suspicion for BCC in atypical lesions.
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“Others' children are expendable.” Comparing childcare sector with health and long‐term sectors in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Jui , Liu Feng‐Yi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article aims to untangle the puzzle of why the childcare sector often allocates the least of responsibility for care to the state in societies with Confucian social ethos compared with the healthcare and long‐term care sector. Using Taiwan as an illustrative case, the article offers an overview of the three care sectors and an in‐depth analysis of the development of the childcare sector. We argue that due to the diminished bureaucratic authority after the democratization process and the application of elder culture, the childcare sector is much less well‐developed than the other two sectors in Taiwan.
Immune response to third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in seronegative kidney transplant recipients: Possible improvement by mycophenolate mofetil reduction
Authors: Kantauskaite Marta , Müller Lisa , Hillebrandt Jonas , Lamberti Joshua , Fischer Svenja , Kolb Thilo , Ivens Katrin , Koch Michael , Andree Marcel , Lübke Nadine , Schmitz Michael , Luedde Tom , Orth Hans Martin , Feldt Torsten , Schaal Heiner , Adams Ortwin , Schmidt Claudia , Kittel Margarethe , Königshausen Eva , Rump Lars C. , Timm Jörg , Stegbauer Johannes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractModification of vaccination strategies is necessary to improve the immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This multicenter observational study analyzed the effects of the third SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in previously seronegative KTRs with the focus on temporary mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dose reduction within propensity matched KTRs. 56 out of 174 (32%) previously seronegative KTRs became seropositive after the third vaccination with only three KTRs developing neutralizing antibodies against the omicron variant. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that initial antibody levels, graft function, time after transplantation and MMF trough levels had an influence on seroconversion (P < .05). After controlling for confounders, the effect of MMF dose reduction before the third vaccination was calculated using propensity score matching. KTRs with a dose reduction of ≥33% showed a significant decrease in MMF trough levels to 1.8 (1.2–2.5) μg/ml and were more likely to seroconvert than matched controls (P = .02). Therefore, a MMF dose reduction of 33% or more before vaccination is a promising approach to improve success of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in KTRs.
Acute injection‐related infections requiring hospitalisation among people who inject drugs: Clinical features, microbiology and management
Authors: Langham Freya J. , Curtis Stephanie J. , Tang Mei Jie , Jomon Bismi , Doyle Joseph S. , Vujovic Olga , Stewardson Andrew J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionPeople who inject drugs are at risk of hospitalisation with injection‐related infections (IRI). We audited the clinical features, microbiology and management of IRI at a tertiary service in Melbourne to describe the burden and identify quality improvement opportunities.MethodsWe performed retrospective review of IRI admissions from January 2017 to April 2019. We extracted admissions where ICD‐10 codes or triage text suggested injecting drug use, and the diagnosis suggested IRI. We reviewed these for eligibility and extracted data using a standardised form. We performed mixed‐effects logistic regression to determine predictors of unplanned discharge.ResultsFrom 574 extracted candidate admissions, 226 were eligible, representing 178 patients. Median age was 41 years (interquartile range 36–47), 66% (117/178) male and 49% (111/226) had unstable housing. Over 50% (96/178) had a psychiatric diagnosis and 35% (62/178) were on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) on admission. Skin and soft tissue infection was the most common IRI (119/205, 58%), followed by bacteraemia (36/205, 18%) and endocarditis (26/205, 13%). Management included addictions review (143/226, 63%), blood‐borne virus screening (115/226, 51%), surgery (77/226, 34%) and OAT commencement (68/226, 30%). Aggression events (54/226, 15%) and unplanned discharge (69/226, 30%) complicated some admissions. Opioid use without OAT was associated with almost 3‐fold increased odds of unplanned discharge compared to no opioid use (odds ratio 2.90, 95% confidence interval 1.23, 6.85, p = 0.015).Discussion and ConclusionComorbidities associated with IRI may be amenable to opportunistic intervention during hospitalisation. Further research is needed to develop optimal models of care for this vulnerable patient group.
Characteristics and care of young people with type 2 diabetes included in the national diabetes audit datasets for England
Authors: Misra Shivani , Holman Naomi , Barron Emma , Knighton Peter , Warner Justin , Kar Partha , Young Bob , Valabhji Jonathan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe report contemporary age‐related prevalence, characteristics and care of children and young people with type 2 diabetes in England.MethodsIndividuals with a recorded diagnosis of type 2 diabetes between January 2019 and March 2020 were identified from a whole population register. Age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation quintile, weight, HbA1cand receipt of the nine National Institute for Health & Care Excellence (NICE) recommended annual care processes were extracted from electronic clinical records and analysed by pre‐specified age bands.ResultsIn total, 122,780 (4.6%) of 2,642,435 individuals in England with type 2 diabetes were aged under 40 years, comprising; 650 (0.5%) under 16 years, 910 (0.7%) aged 16–18 years, 8245 (6.7%) aged 19–25 and 112,975 (92%) aged 26–39 years. Compared to people with type 2 diabetes aged above 40 years, young people were significantly more likely to be from minority ethnic groups: 51% under 16 years, 41% 16–18 years, 38% 19–25 years, 38% 26–39 years, 27% 40–59 years and 15% 60–79 years were of Black or Asian ethnicity. In addition, those aged under 40 years were more likely to be obese, women, to live in the most‐deprived socioeconomic areas and less likely to receive the NICE recommended annual care processes or achieve target HbA1c.InterpretationThe substantial number of people under 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes, are more likely to have characteristics associated with inequalities and are less likely to achieve HbA1ctargets and receive recommended care processes. These findings highlight the need to consider novel approaches to service provision for this high‐risk group.
Improved patient‐reported outcomes with iGlarLixi versus premix BIAsp 30 in people with type 2 diabetes in the SoliMix trial
Authors: Polonsky William H. , Giorgino Francesco , Rosenstock Julio , Whitmire Katherine , Lew Elisheva , Coudert Mathieu , Alvarez Agustina , Nicholls Charlie , McCrimmon Rory J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo assess patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in the SoliMix trial, which compared the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus BIAsp 30 in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsSoliMix (EudraCT: 2017‐003370‐13), a 26‐week, open‐label study, randomized (1:1) 887 adults with T2D and HbA1c ≥7.5%‐≤10.0% (≥58‐≤86 mmol/mol) on basal insulin plus oral antihyperglycaemic drugs (OADs) to once‐daily iGlarLixi or twice‐daily premix insulin, BIAsp 30. PROs were assessed using the Treatment‐Related Impact Measure Diabetes (TRIM‐D) and Global Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation (GTEE) questionnaires.ResultsOver 26 weeks, iGlarLixi showed greater improvement from baseline versus BIAsp 30 in total TRIM‐D score (least squares mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 5.08 [3.69, 6.47]; effect size: 0.32) and in each TRIM‐D domain, with the greatest differences seen in diabetes management (8.47 [6.11, 10.84]) and treatment burden (6.95 [4.83, 9.07]). GTEE scores showed a greater proportion of participants and physicians rated a complete or marked improvement of diabetes control with iGlarLixi (80.5%, 82.8%) versus BIAsp 30 (63.3%, 65.1%) at week 26. Post hoc analyses showed that after adjusting for HbA1c, body weight and hypoglycaemia outcomes, iGlarLixi continued to show greater improvements in TRIM‐D total scores versus BIAsp 30.ConclusionsIn addition to better glycaemic control, weight benefit and less hypoglycaemia, once‐daily iGlarLixi provided improved diabetes management, treatment burden and perceived effectiveness versus twice‐daily premix BIAsp 30, further supporting iGlarLixi as an advanced treatment option in people with suboptimally controlled T2D on basal insulin plus OADs.
Oral potentially malignant disorders – An assessment of knowledge and attitude to future education in undergraduate dental students
Authors: Brailo Vlaho , Freitas Marcio Diniz , Posse Jacobo Limeres , Monteiro Luis , Silva Luis Martins , Fricain Jean‐Cristophe , Catros Sylvain , Fénelon Mathilde , Lodi Giovanni , Ariyaratnam Raj , Murthy Vignesh , Keat Ross , Cook Richard James , Escudier Michael P. , Horvat Kristina , Lombardi Niccolò , Carey Barbara , Albuquerque Rui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and clinical experience of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in undergraduate dental students in six European countries (Croatia, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom) and assess student’s attitude and preference to future education on the topic. A secondary aim was to identify gaps in student’s knowledge and clinical practice. The study was a part of the Erasmus+ project “Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Healthcare Professionals Training“ (Grant No: 2020‐1‐UK01‐KA202‐078917).Materials and MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to all final‐year students in six partner universities. This consisted of four parts assessing: (1) knowledge on OPMDs, (2) clinical experience with this group of patients, (3) self‐rated competence in the management of OPMDs and (4) preferences with regard to future education.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty final‐year dental students from six partner universities responded to the questionnaire. Response rates varied from 12% to 92% between partner universities. Significant differences in clinical experience and knowledge were found between students. Students with more clinical exposure to OPMDs rated their knowledge and competence in the management of OPMDs higher than students with less clinical experience. The majority of students were interested in future education on OPMDs, preferably via short educational videos.ConclusionThe majority of students have received theoretical knowledge of OPMDs during their undergraduate studies, however, not all had clinical exposure to this group of patients. Students were open to further education on OPMDs. Important deficiencies in knowledge were identified that need to be addressed and it is anticipated that the e‐learning platform and e‐book that are in development by partner institutions will help to improve overall knowledge of OPMDs.
Institutional investors and corporate environmental and financial performance
Authors: Miller Steve M. , Qiu Bin , Wang Bin , Yang Tina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose a conceptual framework to illustrate that when three conditions hold, institutional investors moderate a positive relation between corporate financial performance and corporate environmental performance. We explore heterogeneities across institution types to demonstrate the importance of each condition. The moderating effect works through the channels of expert consulting and effective monitoring. Our results have important policy and practical implications given the global trend of ownership concentration in institutional investors and the projection that by 2025, one out of three dollars under professional management will be invested in corporate social responsibility assets.
Is lithium neuroprotective? An updated mechanistic illustrated review
Authors: Ghanaatfar Fateme , Ghanaatfar Ali , Isapour Parisa , Farokhi Negin , Bozorgniahosseini Seyedehnahal , Javadi Mahshid , Gholami Mina , Ulloa Luis , Coleman‐Fuller Natalie , Motaghinejad Majid 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeurodegeneration is a pathological process characterized by progressive neuronal impairment, dysfunction, and loss due to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Many studies have shown that lithium protects against neurodegeneration. Herein, we summarize recent clinical and laboratory studies on the neuroprotective effects of lithium against neurodegeneration and its potential to modulate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent findings indicate that lithium regulates critical intracellular pathways such as phosphatidylinositol‐3 (PI3)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3β) and PI3/Akt/response element‐binding protein (CREB)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We queried PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Elsevier, and other related databases using search terms related to lithium and its neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases and events from January 2000 to May 2022. We reviewed the major findings and mechanisms proposed for the effects of lithium. Lithium's neuroprotective potential against neural cell degeneration is mediated by inducing anti‐inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and free radical scavengers to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction. Lithium effects are regulated by two essential pathways: PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF. Lithium acts as a neuroprotective agent against neurodegeneration by preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction using PI3/Akt/GSK3β and PI3/Akt/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.
Assisted self‐assessment to optimize the OPIc test experience
Authors: Spino LeAnne L. , Echevarría Megan M. , Wu Yu 
Published: August 2022

The ChallengeA principal adaptive feature of the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview—computer (OPIc) is a self‐assessment instrument through which test takers select a level‐appropriate test form. How accurately do test takers select level‐appropriate forms on the OPIc? Would assistance with the test form selection process optimize the testing experience?
A review of current knowledge and research priorities for conservation of lentic biodiversity in tropical wet and monsoonal urban landscapes
Authors: Gebreselassie Selam S. , Lechner Alex M. , Hill Matthew J. , Teo Fang Yenn , Gibbins Christopher N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Urban expansion is a major threat to diversity, especially in rapidly developing tropical countries where urban areas are growing at great pace and protection is limited.

We conducted a systematic review of published research on the ecology of lentic habitats in tropical urban areas. The review focused on understanding: (1) how much is currently known about the biodiversity of these habitats; (2) whether this knowledge is biased towards certain taxonomic groups and/or geographic areas; (3) what is known about the factors influencing their diversity; and (4) which ecosystem services urban lentic habitats provide. The review aimed to establish whether existing knowledge is sufficient to help guide conservation and provide evidence to policy makers of the importance of conserving tropical urban wetlands.

We found 64 papers that addressed questions about the diversity and/or distribution of lentic ecosystems within tropical urban areas. Papers came from 15 countries, although almost half (45%) were from India; relatively few countries from Southeast Asia, tropical Africa, or South America were represented in the literature.

Publication patterns revealed a growing interest in urban wetlands, but several biases and gaps were evident from the review. Firstly, papers generally focused on larger natural or semi‐natural wetlands, with other types and sizes of lentic habitat under‐represented in published work. Secondly, most papers focused on a single site, with a limited number of multi‐site, city‐wide, or landscape‐scale diversity assessments. Thirdly, studies tended to focus on understanding the influence of water quality on diversity, with work assessing the influence of physical habitat or factors related to dispersal and connectivity very limited. Finally, work assessing the ecosystem services provided by wetlands in tropical urban areas remains narrow in focus, with few quantitative assessments of the relationship between ecological characteristics and ecosystem functions and services.

We suggest a number of research focal points and approaches to help address these biases. Research is needed to improve understanding of the distribution patterns tropical freshwater species in urban areas and of the relationships between species diversity and a wider set of environmental and spatial conditions. Overall, there is a need for diversity assessments of tropical urban wetlands of all types and sizes, especially new and novel habitats, and scope for much greater adoption of ecosystem service concepts and evaluation tools to help emphasise the importance of these habitats.
Heat tolerance of marine ectotherms in a warming Antarctica
Authors: Molina Andrés N. , Pulgar José M. , Rezende Enrico L. , Carter Mauricio J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobal warming is affecting the Antarctic continent in complex ways. Because Antarctic organisms are specialized to living in the cold, they are vulnerable to increasing temperatures, although quantitative analyses of this issue are currently lacking. Here we compiled a total of 184 estimates of heat tolerance belonging to 39 marine species and quantified how survival is affected concomitantly by the intensity and duration of thermal stress. Species exhibit thermal limits displaced toward colder temperatures, with contrasting strategies between arthropods and fish that exhibit low tolerance to acute heat challenges, and brachiopods, echinoderms, and molluscs that tend to be more sensitive to chronic exposure. These differences might be associated with mobility. A dynamic mortality model suggests that Antarctic organisms already encounter temperatures that might be physiologically stressful and indicate that these ecological communities are indeed vulnerable to ongoing rising temperatures.
A collaborative workflow between pathologists and deep learning for the evaluation of tumour cellularity in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sakamoto Taro , Furukawa Tomoi , Pham Hoa H N , Kuroda Kishio , Tabata Kazuhiro , Kashima Yukio , Okoshi Ethan N , Morimoto Shimpei , Bychkov Andrey , Fukuoka Junya 
Published: August 2022

AimsThe reporting of tumour cellularity in cancer samples has become a mandatory task for pathologists. However, the estimation of tumour cellularity is often inaccurate. Therefore, we propose a collaborative workflow between pathologists and artificial intelligence (AI) models to evaluate tumour cellularity in lung cancer samples and propose a protocol to apply it to routine practice.Methods and resultsWe developed a quantitative model of lung adenocarcinoma that was validated and tested on 50 cases, and a collaborative workflow where pathologists could access the AI results and adjust their original tumour cellularity scores (adjusted‐score) that we tested on 151 cases. The adjusted‐score was validated by comparing them with a ground truth established by manual annotation of haematoxylin and eosin slides with reference to immunostains with thyroid transcription factor‐1 and napsin A. For training, validation, testing the AI and testing the collaborative workflow, we used 40, 10, 50 and 151 whole slide images of lung adenocarcinoma, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of tumour segmentation were 97 and 87%, respectively, and the accuracy of nuclei recognition was 99%. One pathologist's visually estimated scores were compared to the adjusted‐score, and the pathologist's scores were altered in 87% of cases. Comparison with the ground truth revealed that the adjusted‐score was more precise than the pathologists' scores (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe proposed a collaborative workflow between AI and pathologists as a model to improve daily practice and enhance the prediction of tumour cellularity for genetic tests.
Risk assessment of exposure to benzoic acid and benzene from consumption of functional drinks
Authors: Leesuraplanon Christina , Jayasena Vijay , Karnpanit Weeraya 
Published: August 2022

SummaryThis study aims to determine content and conduct exposure assessments of benzene and benzoic acid in functional beverages. A total of 47 functional drink products were purchased from convenience stores in Bangkok, Thailand. Benzene and benzoic acid contents were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), respectively. Risk characterisations of exposures to benzoic acid were assessed by hazard quotient. Margin of exposure and cancer risk approaches were used for exposure assessment of benzene. The results showed that benzoic acid levels ranged from 74–229 mg L−1 complying with Thai food standards and the Codex Alimentarius. Benzene concentrations varied between 0.60–551 μg L−1, and 14 samples (30%) had concentrations above the limit of 10 μg L−1 recommended by World Health Organization. Regularly high consumption of vitamin C‐enriched drinks containing benzoic acid results in high exposure to benzene with attendant cancer risk. To reduce health risks, drinks containing benzoic acid as a preservative should not be fortified with vitamin C.
An early evaluation of the HISTO SPOT® AB ID Class I & II test in cardiothoracic transplant patients
Authors: Cashin James , Flynn Patrick , Worthington Judith , Lowe Marcus , Canterbury Andrew , Launhardt Kristin , Crosby Ian , Sheldon Stephen , Venkateswaran Rajamiyer , Poulton Kay 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe HISTO SPOT®AB ID assay (BAG Diagnostics GmbH) is a novel single antigen HLA Class I & II antibody definition test used with the MR.SPOT® processor. We compared this assay with Luminex®‐based assays to assess its potential application in defining unacceptable antigens for transplantation in patients awaiting transplants with cardiothoracic organs. A cohort of 40 sensitized cardiothoracic patients were identified, and one sample was selected from each patient. The required screening was based on the patients’ antibody profiles (Class I, n = 17, Class II, n = 11, Class I & II, n = 12). Samples were screened with LABScreen™ Single Antigen (SAg), LIFECODES® LSA™, HISTO SPOT® AB ID, and an acid modified LABScreen™ SAg test for detecting antibodies against denatured HLA. Results indicated that HISTO SPOT® AB ID had reduced sensitivity (68% for Class I; 69% for Class II). When compared to LABScreen™ and LIFECODES®, HISTO SPOT® AB ID failed to detect Luminex®‐defined antibodies with median fluorescence intensity (MFI) ranging from 1114 to 24,489. The HISTO SPOT® AB ID panel used in the study had reduced antigen representation compared with Luminex®‐based assays which further compromised its capacity for antibody detection and definition. Further work is needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of these differences between the performance of HISTO SPOT® and Luminex®‐based methods.