bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condylar Height: Age and Sex Determination Using Orthopantogram in Forensics
Authors: Sushanthi L. Casilda , Arthanari Abirami , Ramani Pratibha 
Published: March 2022

Background: Since time immemorial, Condyles has been the area of interest for anthropologists, and the condyle size in men is higher than that of women. The condyle measurement is usually studied in two planes, i.e. anteroposterior and mediolateral, which are more gender-alliant. Different conventional X-rays are used for condylar imaging whose panoramic views of both condyles are provided by the OPG. For the creation of biological profiles during mass disasters the skull has remained useful. However, the technical procedures must in most cases be based on fragmented skull bones, when the whole skull is not available.
Materials and Methods: The study samples were retrieved from DIAS of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals between the retrospective months from November 2020 to February 2021. The study sample consisted of 300 OPG’s (150 males and 150 females), which were taken using Genoray Papaya machine, of age ranging from 10 to 24.9 years in which mandibular condylar height was measured using PlanmecaRomexis Software.
Results: The standard deviation for evaluation of condylar height for female is ±4.38 while for males it is ±4.91.The standard error mean for condylar height for females is 0.35808 and for males is 0.40136 with non-significant p value of 0.893.
Conclusion: By analysing the condylar mandibular height, the results of this study could improve human identification.For validation and comparison purposes, further research may be required in order to expand other associated parameters into a broader sample size.
In Hospital Mortality and Adverse Events in High-risk Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for St Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Khalid Muhammad Rahman , Kumar Rajesh , Khan Kamran Ahmed , Khowaja Sanam , Hussain Altaf 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine frequency of in hospital mortality and adverse events in high-risk patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).
Study Design: Descriptive case series study
Setting: The Department of Adult Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi.
Duration: From 5thJanuary 2019 To 4thJuly 2019
Material and Methods: All the patients of acute myocardial infarction (MI), age between18 to 80 years, and undergoing Primary PCI of either gender were included. Study outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, no reflow phenomenon, and ventricular arrhythmia were recorded. Data was collected via study proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 26.
Results: There were 81.9% males and 18.1% females. 16.7% cases diabetic, 42.7% were hypertensive, 38% with family history, 24.7% with smoking and 74% with obesity. Mortality was 14.7%, cardiogenic shock was 12.0%, heart failure was 18.7%, no reflow phenomenon was 28% and ventricular arrhythmia was 16%. Significant association of mortality was found with age and obesity. Cardiogenic shock and ventricular arrhythmia were significant according to gender and heart failure findings were significantly linked to hypertension (p-<0.05).
Conclusion: Mortality rate was high among STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI. No reflow phenomenon was the most observed event among these patients.
Comparison of Video-assisted Instruction and Conventional Teaching Method’s Effects on Students’ Performance in Root Canal Obturation during COVID- 19 Pandemic
Authors: Darmiani Soheila , Ahmadi Mahla 
Published: March 2022

Background: The purpose of root canal treatment is to prepare the root canal and obturate the entire the root canal reliably. The traditional method of teaching endodontics to dental students is the live conventional demonstration (CD)., Video –assisted clinical instruction in dentistry (VACID) is an educational tool that uses video-images to complement dental education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VACID and CD on the performance of dental students in obturating the root canal.
Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, thirty undergraduate dental students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2021 were included in the study. They were equally divided in to three groups(n=10). and received instructions on root canal obturation via CD, VICAD and CD plus VICADThen, two endodontists evaluated the clinical performance of the students based onfinal radiographs of obturated root canals.blindly . Each student's score was calculated from 20. Data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed by ANOVA and Chi-square tests.
Results: The mean± standard deviation(SD) grade point average (GPA) of students were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.398). The mean score of students' performance in all groups was not significantly different from each other (P> 0.05). The mean score of students' performance in terms of their gender in all three groups was not significantly different from each other (P> 0.05). The mean score of students' performance in terms of GPA in terms of evaluating teachers was not significantly different from each other (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: The use of new educational methods, such as the production of educational videos, will be as effective as the usual demonstration methods for the performance of dental students during corona virus pandemic.
Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zahid Wajid , Bandeshah Akhtar Ali , Mian Fazzal Aziz , Noureen Fakhra , Saeed Abid , Iqbal Javed , Rasool Alishba , Saleem Amer 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Present study is designed to gather data in our population about the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in STEMI. The gathered data will help in better understanding of association of STEMI and metabolic syndrome. This will also help the physicians to devise preventive strategies based on life style modifications to limit further progression of this syndrome particularly in individuals who are at higher risk for CAD.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in patients presented with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction.
Study design: Cross sectional study.
Duration of Study: 6 months (01-08-2018 to 31-01-2019)
Settings: Department of Cardiology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad
Subjects and Methods: A total of two hundred and fifty-seven (n=257) patients of both gender between age 18-75 years who were diagnosed cases of ST segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) were enrolled in this study. Fasting blood sugar, Serum TG, HDL, blood pressure and waist circumference was estimated and frequency of metabolic syndrome was evaluated.
Results: Metabolic syndrome was found present in 37.4% (n=96/257) patients as per our operational definition. Frequency of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in males as compared to females (P=0.048). No significant difference noted in the frequency of metabolic syndrome when data was stratified for different age groups (P=0.717).
Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome was observed to the highly prevalent among patients presented with ST segment elevated myocardial infarction and was significantly higher in males.
Fast Charging Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Li Shengqiang , Wang Kai , Zhang Gefei , Li Shani , Xu Yanan , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Xiong , Zheng Shuanghao , Sun Xianzhong , Ma Yanwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWith the enormous development of the electric vehicle market, fast charging battery technology is highly required. However, the slow kinetics and lithium plating under fast charging condition of traditional graphite anode hinder the fast charging capability of lithium‐ion batteries. To develop anode materials with rapid Li‐ions diffusion capability and fast reaction kinetics has received widely attentions. This review summarizes the current status in the exploration of fast charging anode materials, mainly including the critical challenge of achieving fast charging capability, the inherent structures and lithium storage mechanisms of various anode materials, as well as the recent progress to improve the rate performance involving morphology regulation, structure design, surface/interface modification, as well as forming multiphase systems. Finally, the challenges and future directions of developing fast charging Li‐ion batteries are highlighted.
Engineered Spider Silk Proteins for Biomimetic Spinning of Fibers with Toughness Equal to Dragline Silks
Authors: Arndt Tina , Greco Gabriele , Schmuck Benjamin , Bunz Jessica , Shilkova Olga , Francis Juanita , Pugno Nicola M , Jaudzems Kristaps , Barth Andreas , Johansson Jan , Rising Anna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpider silk is the toughest fiber found in nature, and bulk production of artificial spider silk that matches its mechanical properties remains elusive. Development of miniature spider silk proteins (mini‐spidroins) has made large‐scale fiber production economically feasible, but the fibers’ mechanical properties are inferior to native silk. The spider silk fiber's tensile strength is conferred by poly‐alanine stretches that are zipped together by tight side chain packing in β‐sheet crystals. Spidroins are secreted so they must be void of long stretches of hydrophobic residues, since such segments get inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. At the same time, hydrophobic residues have high β‐strand propensity and can mediate tight inter‐β‐sheet interactions, features that are attractive for generation of strong artificial silks. Protein production in prokaryotes can circumvent biological laws that spiders, being eukaryotic organisms, must obey, and the authors thus design mini‐spidroins that are predicted to more avidly form stronger β‐sheets than the wildtype protein. Biomimetic spinning of the engineered mini‐spidroins indeed results in fibers with increased tensile strength and two fiber types display toughness equal to native dragline silks. Bioreactor expression and purification result in a protein yield of ≈9 g L−1 which is in line with requirements for economically feasible bulk scale production.
Anodized Steel: The Most Promising Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water Electrolysis in Industry
Authors: Zhou Pengfei , Niu Pengda , Liu Jishan , Zhang Nian , Bai Haoyun , Chen Mingpeng , Feng Jinxian , Liu Di , Wang Litong , Chen Shi , Kwok Chi Tat , Tang Yuxin , Li Ruidi , Wang Shuangpeng , Pan Hui 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrolysis of water, especially alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), is the most promising technology to produce hydrogen in industry. However, only 4% of the total hydrogen is produced in this way because the electrode materials are expensive, inefficient, or unstable. Here, it is reported that the large‐scale 3D printed martensitic steel (AerMet100) can be the bifunctional electrode for AWE with high catalytic performance, which may dramatically increase the green‐hydrogen percentage in the market and provide strategic planning for energy management. It is found that the martensitic steel by fast anodization (3 min) can realize ultra‐high hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER), and excellent stability at high current densities. Particularly, this electrocatalyst shows a low overpotential of 3.18 V and long‐term stability over 140 h at 570 mA cm−2 in overall water splitting. Additionally, the treated large‐scale steel can work well under a very high current up to 20 A. This study demonstrates that martensitic steel can be commercialized as a highly efficient catalyst for industrial hydrogen production in AWE, which should provide solutions to the energy crisis and environmental pollution.
Plasmonic Fluorescence Enhancement in Diagnostics for Clinical Tests at Point‐of‐Care: A Review of Recent Technologies
Authors: Semeniak Daria , Cruz Daniela F. , Chilkoti Ashutosh , Mikkelsen Maiken H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFluorescence‐based biosensors have widely been used in the life‐sciences and biomedical applications due to their low limit of detection and a diverse selection of fluorophores that enable simultaneous measurements of multiple biomarkers. Recent research effort has been made to implement fluorescent biosensors into the exploding field of point‐of‐care testing (POCT), which uses cost‐effective strategies for rapid and affordable diagnostic testing. However, fluorescence‐based assays often suffer from their feeble signal at low analyte concentrations, which often requires sophisticated, costly, and bulky instrumentation to maintain high detection sensitivity. Metal‐ and metal oxide‐based nanostructures offer a simple solution to increase the output signal from fluorescent biosensors due to the generation of high field enhancements close to a metal or metal oxide surface, which has been shown to improve the excitation rate, quantum yield, photostability, and radiation pattern of fluorophores. This article provides an overview of existing biosensors that employ various strategies for fluorescence enhancement via nanostructures and have demonstrated the potential for use as POCT. Biosensors using nanostructures such as planar substrates, freestanding nanoparticles, and metal–dielectric–metal nanocavities are discussed with an emphasis placed on technologies that have shown promise towards POCT applications without the need for centralized laboratories.
Tunable Photoelectric Properties of n‐Type Semiconducting Polymer:Small Molecule Blends for Red Light Sensing Phototransistors
Authors: Lin Chia‐Chi , Velusamy Arulmozhi , Tung Shih‐Huang , Osaka Itaru , Chen Ming‐Chou , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSemiconducting blend heterostructures, composed of conjugated polymer with photoresponsive organic crystals, provide an effective way to achieve promising photodetection devices. Here, solution‐processed n‐type N2200 conjugated polymer and quinoidal thienoisoindigo (TIIQ) small molecule blend is used to construct phototransistors for red light detection. The device performance of the optically switchable phototransistors can be tuned by the relative composition in the blend. The key feature is red light (680 nm) illuminated intensity‐tunable photodetection enabling the highest photoresponsivity (R) of 4065 A W‐1 and specific photodetectivity (D*) of 1.4 × 1013 Jones for an 88% blend device. At the same time, maintaining high mobility (μ) of 1.59 cm2 V‐1 s‐1, since the efficient extraction of photogenerated charges from blend heterointerface, benefiting from blending with higher μ and enhanced absorption of TIIQ, contributes to improvement in the red light photoresponse of the N2200:TIIQ blend phototransistor. This work demonstrates that the semiconducting blend strategies provide opportunities for developing high performance organic phototransistors.
Synthesis of Dihydro‐5H‐Benzo[c]‐Fluorenes, Dihydroindeno[c]‐Chromenes and Thiochromenes via Intramolecular Cyclization and their Effect on Human Leukemia Cells
Authors: Yan Jun , Tran Christine , Bignon Jérôme , Provot Olivier , Hamze Abdallah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, we describe the construction of a series of 6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[c]fluorenes. Their synthesis is based on an intramolecular‐cyclization of tricyclic substrates, which has an alcohol functional group in acidic conditions at ambient temperature. Certain reaction optimization conditions reveal that triflic acid was the most convenient reagent for this transformation, affording a broad range of fluorene derivatives in a 37 to 93% yield. We illustrate the robustness of this methodology through a gram‐scale synthesis, and the preparation of dihydroindeno[c]‐chromenes thiochromenes, and azulenes derivatives.magnified image
A New Stable, Explicit, Third‐Order Method for Diffusion‐Type Problems
Authors: Kovács Endre , Nagy Ádám , Saleh Mahmoud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper reports on a novel explicit numerical method for the spatially discretized diffusion or heat equation. After discretizing the space variables as in conventional finite difference methods, this method does not use a finite difference approximation for the time derivatives, it instead combines constant‐neighbor and linear‐neighbor approximations, which decouple the ordinary differential equations, thus they can be solved analytically. In the obtained three‐stage method, the time step size appears in exponential form with negative coefficients in the final expression. This property guarantees unconditional stability, as it is shown using von Neumann stability analysis. It is also proved that the convergence of the method is third order in the time step size. After verification, by solving Fisher's and Huxley's equations, it is demonstrated that it works for nonlinear equations as well. The new algorithm is tested against widely used numerical solvers for cases where the media is strongly inhomogeneous. According to the results, the new method is significantly more effective than the traditional explicit or implicit methods, especially for extremely large stiff systems. It is believed that this new method is unique in the sense that it is the first unconditionally stable explicit method with third‐order convergence.
Market potential of new plant‐based protein alternatives: Insights from four US consumer experiments
Authors: Tonsor Glynn T. , Lusk Jayson L. , Schroeder Ted C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article reports results from four studies determining the US market potential for plant‐based meat alternatives in different contexts and settings. The first study shows that a pair‐wise choice between beef and a plant‐based alternative was not significantly affected by the presence of nutrition facts panels or ingredient lists. A second study, framed as a food service meal choice, reveals that the introduction of a plant‐based burger has roughly the same effect on beef sales as does the presence of a chicken wrap. The final two studies estimate own‐ and cross‐price elasticities of retail demand. We find small cross‐price elasticities between plant‐based patties and ground beef. Each of the aforementioned results varies for regular meat consumers as compared to consumers who self‐identify with an alternative diet such as flexitarian, vegetarian, or vegan. Combined, this study increases understanding of the impact presented by plant‐based offerings in the US protein market.
Experimental animal models of pulmonary hypertension: Development and challenges
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Han , Ma Jie‐Ling , Ding Dong , Ma Yue‐Jiao , Wei Yun‐Peng , Jing Zhi‐Cheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is clinically divided into 5 major types, characterized by elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), finally leading to right heart failure and death. The pathogenesis of this arteriopathy remains unclear, leaving it impossible to target pulmonary vascular remodeling and reverse the deterioration of right ventricular (RV) function. Different animal models have been designed to reflect the complex mechanistic origins and pathology of PH, roughly divided into 4 categories according to the modeling methods: non‐invasive models in vivo, invasive models in vivo, gene editing models, and multi‐means joint modeling. Though each model shares some molecular and pathological changes with different classes of human PH, in most cases the molecular etiology of human PH is poorly known. The appropriate use of classic and novel PH animal models is essential for the hunt of molecular targets to reverse severe phenotypes.
Heterogeneity of adipose stromal vascular fraction cells from the different harvesting sites in rats
Authors: Hendawy Hanan , Kaneda Masahiro , Yoshida Tadashi , Metwally Elsayed , Hamabe Lina , Yoshida Tomohiko , Shimada Kazumi , Tanaka Ryou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn both veterinary and human health, regenerative medicine offers a promising cure for various disorders. One of the rate‐limiting challenges in regenerative medicine is the considerable time and technique required to expand and grow cells in culture. Therefore, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) shows a significant promise for various cell therapy approaches. The present study aimed to define and investigate the optimal harvest site of freshly isolated SVF cells from various adipose tissue (AT) depot sites in the female Sprague–Dawley (S.D.) rat. First, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were used to analyze the morphological variations in AT samples from peri‐ovarian, peri‐renal, mesenteric, and omental sites. The presence of putative stromal cells positive CD34 was detected using immunohistochemistry. Then, the isolated SVF cells were examined for cell viability and cellular yield differences. Finally, the expression of mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic markers in the SVF cells subpopulation was studied using flow cytometry. The pluripotent gene expression profile was also evaluated. CD34 staining of the omental AT was substantially higher than those of other anatomical sites. Despite having the least quantity of fat, omental AT has the highest SVF cell fraction and viable cells. Along with CD90 and CD44 higher expression, Oct4, Sox2, and Rex‐1 genes levels were higher in SVF cells isolated from the omental AT. To conclude, omental fat is the best candidate for SVF cell isolation in female S.D. rats with the highest SVF cell fraction with higher MSCs phenotypes and pluripotency gene expression.
Reproductive concerns among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A scoping review of current research situations
Authors: Xie Jianfei , Sun Qian , Duan Yinglong , Cheng Qinqin , Luo Xiaofei , Zhou Yi , Liu Xiangyu , Xiao Panpan , Cheng Andy S. K. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFertility is a significant concern among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and their caregivers, especially after their completion of cancer treatment programs. Concerns about fertility affect not only cancer patients' psychological well‐being, but also all aspects of their medical treatments, including treatment protocol, decision‐making, and treatment adherence. In this scoping review, the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang electronic databases were searched according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews. The searches identified 669 articles, 54 of which met the inclusion criteria. Reviewers extracted the data on the study characteristics, measurements, positive factors, negative factors, and additional themes. This scoping review included studies from 10 countries. Most studies were quantitative using a cross‐sectional design. The prevalence of reproductive concerns among AYA cancer survivors ranged from 44% to 86%, and 28% to 44% of the survivors experienced moderate to severe concerns. The specific implementation of fertility consultation, including timing, consult frequency, and content, deserves ongoing exploration.