bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical rainforest species have larger increases in temperature optima with warming than warm‐temperate rainforest trees
Authors: Choury Zineb , Wujeska‐Klause Agnieszka , Bourne Aimee , Bown Nikki P. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Crous Kristine Y. 
Published: March 2022

Summary

While trees can acclimate to warming, there is concern that tropical rainforest species may be less able to acclimate because they have adapted to a relatively stable thermal environment. Here we tested whether the physiological adjustments to warming differed among Australian tropical, subtropical and warm‐temperate rainforest trees.

Photosynthesis and respiration temperature responses were quantified in six Australian rainforest seedlings of tropical, subtropical and warm‐temperate climates grown across four growth temperatures in a glasshouse. Temperature‐response models were fitted to identify mechanisms underpinning the response to warming.

Tropical and subtropical species had higher temperature optima for photosynthesis (ToptA) than temperate species. There was acclimation of ToptA to warmer growth temperatures. The rate of acclimation (0.35–0.78°C °C–1) was higher in tropical and subtropical than in warm‐temperate trees and attributed to differences in underlying biochemical parameters, particularly increased temperature optima of Vcmax25 and Jmax25. The temperature sensitivity of respiration (Q10) was 24% lower in tropical and subtropical compared with warm‐temperate species.

Overall, tropical and subtropical species had a similar capacity to acclimate to changes in growth temperature as warm‐temperate species, despite being grown at higher temperatures. Quantifying the physiological acclimation in rainforests can improve accuracy of future climate predictions and assess their potential vulnerability to warming.
The combustible mix of coalitional and discursive power: British trade unions, social media and the People's Assembly Against Austerity
Authors: Geelan Torsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article investigates how the British trade union movement sought to challenge the politics of austerity after the North Atlantic financial crisis of 2008 by founding a union‐led coalition: the People's Assembly Against Austerity. To lay the ground for the study, it redefines the concept of discursive power as the capacity of trade unions to influence the public debate by producing and self‐mediating frames and circulating them through the mainstream media, the Internet and social media to a mass audience. Data were collected over 3 years (2013–2015) using interviews and scraping tweets from Twitter. The findings reveal how the People's Assembly created and sustained a heterogenous coalition through a policy of nonpartisanship and a consensus‐driven decentralised network of grassroots local assemblies orchestrated by a national organisation. The article contributes to the literature on trade union revitalisation by demonstrating how combining coalitional and discursive power is a combustible mix that can help revitalise the political influence of trade unions.
Prevalence and potential relevance of hyperuricemia in pediatric kidney transplant recipients—a CERTAIN registry analysis
Authors: Ehren Rasmus , Habbig Sandra , Krupka Kai , Ernst Angela , Bald Martin , König Sabine , Murer Luisa , Özçakar Zeynep Birsin , Pohl Michael , Babenko Nadezhda , Spartà Giuseppina , Staude Hagen , Dello Strologo Luca , Szabó Attila J. , Tönshoff Burkhard , Weber Lutz T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAsymptomatic hyperuricemia is frequently observed in pediatric kidney transplant recipients; symptomatic hyperuricemia, however, is a rare complication. Only few data are available in this patient population. We, therefore, investigated the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with kidney transplant function and blood pressure in a multicenter cohort of pediatric kidney transplant recipients.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational multicenter registry study. All pediatric kidney transplant recipients in the CERTAIN database with at least one documented serum uric acid level and a follow‐up of 5 years posttransplant were eligible. We identified 151 patients with 395 measurements of serum uric acid. We calculated the prevalence of hyperuricemia, analyzed potential risk factors and clinical consequences such as elevated blood pressure and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.ResultsOne hundred and ten of 395 (27.8%) serum uric acid levels were above 416 µmol/L (7.0 mg/dL), defined as the upper limit of normal. Univariate analysis showed a significant (p = .026) inverse association of serum uric acid with eGFR overtime. There was no significant association of serum uric acid concentrations with body mass index (z‐score), blood pressure (z‐score), or sex. No episodes of gout were documented.ConclusionThis study shows that hyperuricemia is present in a considerable number of patients sometime after pediatric kidney transplantation and is associated with lower eGFR. Whether hyperuricemia contributes to faster decline of graft function or to the overall cardiovascular risk of these patients remains to be elucidated.
Mucin distribution in bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor reveals organoid differentiation simulating the normal lung
Authors: Matoba Hisanori , Ikeyama Meguru , Kobayashi Noriyasu , Takemura Haruka , Hanaoka Takaomi , Sato Yoshiko , Nakayama Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor is a lung neoplasm exhibiting various degrees of proximal and distal bronchiolar differentiation. Here, we evaluated distribution of MUC5AC and MUC5B in bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor for comparison with that seen in normal respiratory tract. In normal respiratory tract, MUC5AC was mainly distributed in large bronchi, while MUC5B was distributed in bronchi, bronchioles, and submucosal glands. In bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor, MUC5AC was primarily distributed in luminal cells of large airspaces, and MUC5B was distributed in luminal cells of small airspaces and mucinous glands, in addition to large airspaces, regardless of distal or proximal differentiation. In particular, MUC5B was distributed in non‐mucinous club and ciliated cells in both the normal respiratory tract and bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor. These results indicate that MUC5AC and MUC5B distribution in bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumor is similar to that seen in normal respiratory tract, suggestive of organoid differentiation simulating the normal lung.
Expanding arenas for learning hunting ethics, their grammars and dilemmas: An examination of young hunters’ enculturation into modern hunting
Authors: Tickle Lara , von Essen Erica , Fischer Anke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough hunting is declining in western countries, the number of people taking the hunting exam in Sweden are stable, and new demographic groups are becoming hunters. Through interviews done in Sweden with both new and experienced hunters, as well as focus groups with young hunters at agricultural colleges, we investigate how they navigate praxis and ethical frameworks taught in hunting. Using theories on moral learning, as well as Walzer's thick and thin moral argument, we contrast the views of these young hunters with the ethical principles outlined in the educational literature for the hunting exam. We then present how young hunters reasoned around issues regarding hunting ethics, animal welfare and the place of hunting in modern society, both inside and outside the classroom. The young hunters we spoke to acted as moderators of modern trends in hunting, often bringing ‘destabilising’ influences like social media and female hunters. Young hunters are enculturated into traditional hunting structures and, in the process, caught in a dialectic between modern influences and traditional hunting culture. Our findings highlight challenges such as ‘false consensus’ and ‘ethical trade‐offs’ in the learning of hunting ethics, which emerge potentially due to a lack of space for deliberation on hunting ethics.
Time‐series transcriptomics reveals a drought‐responsive temporal network and crosstalk between drought stress and the circadian clock in foxtail millet
Authors: Yi Fei , Huo Mingyue , Li Jianrui , Yu Jingjuan 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYDrought stress is a serious factor affecting crop growth and production worldwide. The circadian clock has been identified as key to improving regional adaptability of plants. However, our understanding of the contribution of the circadian clock to drought response and the impacts of drought stress on the circadian clock in plants is still limited. To explore the interactions between the circadian clock and drought stress, foxtail millet seedlings were treated with simulated drought (20% polyethylene glycol‐6000) treatment starting at the day (DD) onset zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0, lights on) and at the night (DN) onset zeitgeber time 16 (ZT16, lights off). A high temporal‐resolution transcriptomic investigation was performed using DD and DN samples collected at intervals of 2 or 4 h within a 24‐h drought‐treatment period. Overall, we identified 13 294 drought‐responsive genes (DRGs). Among these DRGs, 7931 were common between DD and DN samples, 2638 were specific to DD, and 2725 were specific to DN. Additionally, we identified 1257 circadian genes, of which 67% were DRGs. Interestingly, with drought treatment starting at the day for 8, 12 or 16 h, the circadian phase shifted to 12 h. We also found that the circadian clock led to different day and night drought‐responsive pathways. The identification of DRG_Clock (DRG and circadian clock) and DRG_NonClock (DRG and not circadian clock) genes provides a reference for selecting candidate drought resistance genes. Our work reveals the temporal drought‐response process and crosstalk between drought stress and the circadian clock in foxtail millet.
Fetal growth, birth size and energetic cost of gestation in southern right whales
Authors: Christiansen Fredrik , Uhart Marcela M , Bejder Lars , Clapham Phil , Ivashchenko Yulia , Tormosov Dmitry , Lewin Nicolás , Sironi Mariano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe cost of reproduction greatly affects a species’ life history strategy. Baleen whales exhibit some of the fastest offspring growth rates in the animal kingdom. We quantified the energetic cost of gestation for southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) by combining whaling catch records of pregnant females with photogrammetry data on southern right whale mothers and calves from two breeding grounds in Argentina and Australia. The relationship between calf birth size and maternal length was determined from repeated measurements of individual females before and after giving birth. Fetal growth was determined from generalized linear models fitted to fetal length data from whaling operations between 1961 and 1967. Fetal length was converted to volume and mass, using the volume‐to‐length relationship of newborn southern right whales calves, and published tissue composition and energy content estimates. Fetal maintenance costs (heat of gestation) and the energy content of the placenta were predicted from published relationships and added to the fetal growth cost to calculate the total cost of gestation. Our findings showed that fetal growth rates and birth size increased linearly with maternal length, with calves being born at ∼35% maternal length. Fetal length increased curvilinearly through gestation, which resulted in an exponential increase in fetal volume and mass. Consequently, the cost of gestation was very low during the first (0.1% of total cost) and second trimester (4.9%), but increased rapidly during the last trimester (95.0%). The heat of gestation incurred the highest cost for pregnant females (73.8%), followed by fetal growth (21.2%) and the placental energy content (5.0%).Key points
Baleen whales exhibit some of the fastest fetal growth rates in the animal kingdom. Despite this, the energetic cost of gestation is largely unknown, as well as the influence of maternal body size on fetal growth rates and calf birth sizes.
We combined historical whaling records and drone photogrammetry data to determine fetal growth rates and birth sizes in southern right whales (Eubalaena australis), from which we estimated the cost of gestation.
Calf birth size, and consequent fetal growth rates, increased positively with maternal body size.
The cost of gestation was negligible for southern right whale females during the first two trimesters, but increased rapidly during the last trimester.
These results show that late gestation incurs a significant cost for baleen whale females, and needs to be accounted for in bioenergetic models.
Feasibility of Volitional Reaction Time Tests in Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Janicijevic Danica , Garcia-Ramos Amador 
Published: March 2022

This systematic review aimed to synthesize the current evidence on the feasibility of volitional reaction time (RT) tests to evaluate the information processing abilities of athletes. Four databases were searched, and, finally, 38 studies exploring the reliability, validity, or sensitivity of RT tests were included. Seven studies explored the reliability, which ranged from poor to excellent, while only three studies explored the validity of RT tests. The most important downside of the majority of the implemented RT tests is their nonspecific nature (i.e., stimulus and response did not resemble the sports actions). Sports scientists should focus on developing RT tests that are specific for each sport and refine the testing procedures to obtain accurate, reproducible, and sensitive measurements of RT.
Establishing a method to estimate the effect of antimyopia management options on lifetime cost of myopia
Authors: Fricke Tim R , Sankaridurg Padmaja , Naduvilath Thomas , Resnikoff Serge , Tahhan Nina , He Mingguang , Frick Kevin D 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundInformed decisions on myopia management require an understanding of financial impact. We describe methodology for estimating lifetime myopia costs, with comparison across management options, using exemplars in Australia and China.MethodsWe demonstrate a process for modelling lifetime costs of traditional myopia management (TMM=full, single-vision correction) and active myopia management (AMM) options with clinically meaningful treatment efficacy. Evidence-based, location-specific and ethnicity-specific progression data determined the likelihood of all possible refractive outcomes. Myopia care costs were collected from published sources and key informants. Refractive and ocular health decisions were based on standard clinical protocols that responded to the speed of progression, level of myopia, and associated risks of pathology and vision impairment. We used the progressions, costs, protocols and risks to estimate and compare lifetime cost of myopia under each scenario and tested the effect of 0%, 3% and 5% annual discounting, where discounting adjusts future costs to 2020 value.ResultsLow-dose atropine, antimyopia spectacles, antimyopia multifocal soft contact lenses and orthokeratology met our AMM inclusion criteria. Lifetime cost for TMM with 3% discounting was US$7437 (CI US$4953 to US$10 740) in Australia and US$8006 (CI US$3026 to US$13 707) in China. The lowest lifetime cost options with 3% discounting were antimyopia spectacles (US$7280, CI US$5246 to US$9888) in Australia and low-dose atropine (US$4453, CI US$2136 to US$9115) in China.ConclusionsFinancial investment in AMM during childhood may be balanced or exceeded across a lifetime by reduced refractive progression, simpler lenses, and reduced risk of pathology and vision loss. Our methodology can be applied to estimate cost in comparable scenarios.
UK poSt Arthroplasty Follow-up rEcommendations (UK SAFE): what does analysis of linked, routinely collected national data sets tell us about mid-late term revision risk after hip replacement? Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Smith Lindsay K , Garriga Cesar , Kingsbury Sarah R , Pinedo-Villanueva Rafael , Delmestri Antonella , Arden Nigel K , Stone Martin , Conaghan Philip G , Judge Andrew 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo identify patients at risk of mid-late term revision of hip replacement to inform targeted follow-up.DesignAnalysis of linked national data sets from primary and secondary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD-GOLD); National Joint Registry (NJR); English Hospital Episode Statistics (HES); Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)).ParticipantsPrimary elective total hip replacement (THR) aged≥18.Event of interestRevision surgery≥5 years (mid-late term) after primary THR.Statistical methodsCox regression modelling to ascertain risk factors of mid-late term revision. HR and 95% CI assessed association of sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, medication, surgical variables and PROMs with mid-late term revision.ResultsNJR-HES-PROMs data were available from 2008 to 2011 on 142 275 THR; mean age 70.0 years and 61.9% female. CPRD GOLD-HES data covered 1995–2011 on 17 047 THR; mean age 68.4 years, 61.8% female. Patients had minimum 5 years postprimary surgery to end 2016. In NJR-HES-PROMS data, there were 3582 (2.5%) revisions, median time-to-revision after primary surgery 1.9 years (range 0.01–8.7), with 598 (0.4%) mid-late term revisions; in CPRD GOLD, 982 (5.8%) revisions, median time-to-revision 5.3 years (range 0–20), with 520 (3.1%) mid-late term revisions.Reduced risk of mid-late term revision was associated with older age at primary surgery (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95 to 0.96); better 6-month postoperative pain/function scores (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.46); use of ceramic-on-ceramic (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.95) or ceramic-on-polyethylene (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.00) bearing surfaces.Increased risk of mid-late term revision was associated with the use of antidepressants (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.59), glucocorticoid injections (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.67) and femoral head size≥44 mm (HR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.09 to 6.02)No association of gender, obesity or Index of Multiple Deprivation was observed.ConclusionThe risk of mid-late term THR is associated with age at primary surgery, 6-month postoperative pain and function and implant factors. Further work is needed to explore the associations with prescription medications observed in our data.
Interventions to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in vulnerably housed populations and trauma-informed care: a scoping review
Authors: Bennett Alexandria , Crosse Kien , Ku Michael , Edgar Nicole E , Hodgson Amanda , Hatcher Simon 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe goals of this study are to identify and analyse interventions that aim to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in people who are vulnerably housed and to describe how these treatments have been delivered using trauma-informed care.DesignScoping review.Search strategyWe searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PTSDpubs for published literature up to November 2021 for any studies that examined the treatment of PTSD in adults who were vulnerably housed. Websites of relevant organisations and other grey literature sources were searched to supplement the electronic database search. The characteristics and effect of the interventions were analysed. We also explored how the interventions were delivered and the elements of trauma-informed care that were described.Results28 studies were included. We identified four types of interventions: (1) trauma focused psychotherapies; (2) non-trauma psychotherapies; (3) housing interventions and (4) pharmacotherapies. The trauma-informed interventions were small case series and the non-trauma focused therapies included four randomised controlled trials, were generally ineffective. Of the 10 studies which described trauma-informed care the most commonly named elements were physical and emotional safety, the experience of feeling heard and understood, and flexibility of choice. The literature also commented on the difficulty of providing care to this population including lack of private space to deliver therapy; the co-occurrence of substance use; and barriers to follow-up including limited length of stay in different shelters and high staff turnover.ConclusionsThis scoping review identified a lack of high-quality trials to address PTSD in people who are vulnerably housed. There is a need to conduct well designed trials that take into account the unique setting of this population and which describe those elements of trauma-informed care that are most important and necessary.
Contemporary sex differences in mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xi Ziwei , Qiu Hong , Guo Tingting , Wang Yong , Li Jianan , Li Yang , Zheng Jianfeng , Gao R 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of sex differences on short-term and long-term mortality among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of contemporary available evidence.SettingPubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies reporting sex-specific outcomes among patients with STEMI published between 1 January 2010 and 1 August 2020. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were measured using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed and publication bias was also checked. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA V.15.0.ParticipantsStudies providing data about short-term or long-term mortality stratified by sex in patients with STEMI were included. Only study conducted in last 10 years were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was all-cause death at short-term (in-hospital or 30 days) and long-term (at least 12 months) follow-up.ResultsA total of 15 studies involving 128 585 patients (31 706 (24.7%) female and 96 879 (75.3%) male) were included. In the unadjusted analyses, female were at a higher risk of short-term mortality (RR, 1.73; 95% CI 1.53 to 1.96, p<0.001, I2=77%) but not long-term mortality (RR, 1.23; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.69, p=0.206, I2=77.5%). When adjusted effect estimates from individual studies were used in meta-analysis, the association between female and higher risk of short-term mortality remained significant (RR, 1.24; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38, p<0.001, I2=39.6%). And adjusted long-term mortality was also similar between female and male (RR, 1.11; 95% CI 0.42 to 1.80, p=0.670, I2=74.5%).ConclusionsAn increased short-term but not long-term mortality was found in female with STEMI. After adjustment for baseline cardiovascular risk factors and clinical profiles, short-term mortality remains higher in female with STEMI compared with male, indicating the need for further improvements in management in female patients.