bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Fe-nitrides, -borides and -carbides for enhanced magnetic fluid hyperthermia with experimental study of α″-Fe16N2 and ϵ-Fe3N nanoparticles
Authors: Dirba I , Chandra C K , Ablets Y , Kohout J , Kmječ T , Kaman O , Gutfleisch O 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate alternative materials systems that, based on their intrinsic magnetic properties, have the potential to deliver enhanced heating power in magnetic fluid hyperthermia. The focus lies on systems with high magnetization phases, namely iron-nitrogen (Fe-N), iron-boron (Fe-B) and iron-carbon (Fe-C) compounds, and their performance in comparison to the conventionally used iron oxides, γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and non-stoichiometric mixtures thereof. The heating power as a function of the applied alternating magnetic field frequency is calculated and the peak particle size with the maximum specific loss power (SLP) for each material is identified. It is found that lower anisotropy results in larger optimum particle size and more tolerance for polydispersity. The effect of nanoparticle saturation magnetization and anisotropy is simulated, and the results show that in order to maximize SLP, a material with high magnetization but low anisotropy provides the best combination. These findings are juxtaposed with experimental results of a comparative study of iron nitrides, namely α″-Fe16N2 and ϵ-Fe3N nanoparticles, and model nanoparticles of iron oxides. The former ones are studied as heating agents for magnetic fluid hyperthermia for the first time.
A derivation of the electrical capacitance tomography sensitivity matrix
Authors: Youngquist Robert C , Storey Jedediah M , Nurge Mark A , Biagi Christopher J 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The sensitivity matrix, used in electrical capacitance tomography to connect capacitance readings to a dielectric distribution, is derived without assumptions on the magnitude of the relative permittivity and without dropping higher order terms. Deriving this matrix may provide a means to improve the performance of the various published electrical capacitance tomography algorithms and extend their applicability to a wider range of dielectric materials.
Calibration approach to quantify nonlinearity of MEMS pore pressure sensors using optimal interpolation
Authors: Barzegar Milad , Tadich Peter , Sainsbury Bre-Anne , Blanks Stan , Timms Wendy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based instruments have become more attractive in recent years for many industries, particularly geotechnical monitoring owing to their small size and low capital cost. However, overcoming nonlinearity errors is a major concern to ensure accuracy, precision, and repeatability of measurement. Nonlinearity error in measuring instruments can be solved using polynomial function of different degree based on severity of error. In this study, Lagrange polynomial fitting method is applied for nonlinearity calibration of a newly developed MEMS pore pressure sensor by means of optimum calibration points. A procedure for optimum selection of the calibration points to get the best calibration characteristics of a pore pressure sensor is investigated. For this work, the calibration characteristics are evaluated by Lagrange interpolation using special set of Chebyshev nodes, D, A and R-optimum points. The D-A-R optimum points are constructed by imperialist competitive algorithm. The value of the optimal approach is also compared with a uniform approach using equidistant points through actual readings. The results show the increased accuracy and precision of measurement using optimum approach. This increased accuracy allows the application of MEMS to sense smaller changes in pore pressure readings providing unique opportunity for passive estimation of subsurface properties.
Ferroelectric van der Waals heterostructures of CuInP2S6 for non-volatile memory device applications
Authors: Taylor Patrick D , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Spencer Michelle J S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric materials are providing promising platforms for creating future nano- and opto-electronics. Here we propose new hybrid van der Waals heterostructures, in which the 2D ferroelectric material CuInP2S6 (CIPS) is layered on a 2D semiconductor for near-infrared (NIR) memory device applications. Using density functional theory, we show that the band gap of the hybrid bilayers formed with CIPS can be tuned and that the optical and electronic properties can be successfully modulated via ferroelectric switching. Of the 3712 heterostructures considered, we identified 19 structures that have a type II band alignment and commensurate lattice matches. Of this set, both the CuInP2S6/PbSe and CuInP2S6/Ge2H2 heterostructures possess absorption peaks in the NIR region that change position and intensity with switching polarisation, making them suitable for NIR memory devices. The CuInP2S6/ISSb, CuInP2S6/ISbSe, CuInP2S6/ClSbSe and CuInP2S6/ZnI2 heterostructures had band gaps which can be switched from direct to indirect with changing the polarisation of CIPS making them suitable for optoelectronics and sensors. The heterostructures formed with CIPS are exciting candidates for stable ferroelectric devices, opening a pathway for tuning the band alignment of van der Waal heterostructures and the creation of modern memory applications that use less energy.
Density spectrum of Cantor measure
Authors: Allaart Pieter , Kong Derong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Given ρ ∈ (0, 1/3], let μ be the Cantor measure satisfying

μ
=

1

2

μ

f

0

−
1

+

1

2

μ

f

1

−
1

, where f

i
(x) = ρx + i(1 − ρ) for i = 0, 1. The support of μ is a Cantor set C generated by the iterated function system {f
0, f
1}. Continuing the work of Feng et al (2000) on the pointwise lower and upper densities

Θ

*

s

(

μ
,
x

)

=

lim inf

r
→
0

μ

(

B

(

x
,
r

)

)

(

2
r

)

s

,

Θ

*
s

(

μ
,
x

)

=

lim sup

r
→
0

μ

(

B

(

x
,
r

)

)

(

2
r

)

s

,

where s = −log 2/log ρ is the Hausdorff dimension of C, we give a complete description of the sets D
* and D* consisting of all possible values of the lower and upper densities, respectively. We show that both sets contain infinitely many isolated and infinitely many accumulation points, and they have the same Hausdorff dimension as the Cantor set C. Furthermore, we compute the Hausdorff dimension of the level sets of the lower and upper densities. Our method consists in formulating an equivalent ‘dyadic’ version of the problem involving the doubling map on [0, 1), which we solve by using known results on the entropy of a certain open dynamical system and the notion of tuning.
Identification of fast ion wall loads in Wendelstein 7-X from thermographic measurements
Authors: Cornelissen Mark J H , Lazerson Samuel A , Gao Yu , Proll Josefine H E , McNeely Paul , Rust Norbert , Hartmann Dirk , Jakubowski Marcin W , Ali Adnan , Pisano Fabio , Niemann Holger , Puig Sitjes Aleix , König Ralf , Wolf Robert C , W7-X Team the 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Fast ion wall loads can result in excessively high heat fluxes to the plasma-facing components (PFCs). To allow for the development of mitigation strategies, and thereby protect the PFCs, the fast ion losses have to be predicted by faithful models. To ensure that fast ion models are an accurate representation of the real world, they need to be verified. The neutral-beam experiments performed in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) allow to investigate and verify models of the fast ion losses in the stellarator configuration. Infrared thermographic measurements were used to obtain the heat flux to both the baffle plates and the divertor. We found evidence of fast ion wall loads on the baffle plates, with loads between 100 kW m−2 and 1 MW m−2. The loads are attributed to fast ions which escape the main plasma via magnetic ripples. The fast ion wall loads on the baffle plates show up-down and toroidal asymmetry. The experimental results were compared to numerical simulations performed by the BEAMS3D and ASCOT codes. Qualitative agreement in up-down asymmetry is found, but the magnitude and toroidal asymmetry are not yet well predicted by the simulations. The asymmetries of the strike lines on the divertor suggest that fast ions also play a role here. Specifically, a second strike line emerged consistently in the high-iota configuration on the horizontal divertor. The shape and magnitude of the strike lines changed considerably during the neutral-beam injection (NBI) operation phase. Although no damage to steel components of W7-X was found, fast ion loads to the baffle plates could possibly limit the NBI operation in the upcoming campaigns of W7-X.
Minimum detection efficiency for testing a multi-particle Bell inequality
Authors: Ma Wenchao , Chen Peng , Ma Xiaosong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Bell’s inequality provides a remarkable way to test the consistency between quantum mechanics and classic local realistic theory. However, experimental demonstrations of the loophole-free Bell test are challenging and only recently have been demonstrated with bipartite systems. A central obstacle for the photonic system is that the sampling efficiency, including the collection and detection efficiencies, must be above a certain threshold. We here generalize two-particle Eberhard’s inequality to the n-particle systems and derive a Bell-type inequality for multi-particle systems, which significantly relaxes this threshold. Furthermore, an experimental proposal to achieve a multi-partite Bell test without the fair sampling assumption is presented for the case of three particles. For any given value of the sampling efficiency, we give the optimal configurations for actual implementation, the optimal state, the maximum background noise that the system can tolerate, and the lowest fidelity of the quantum state. We believe our work can serve as a recipe for experimentalists planning to violate local realism using a multi-partite quantum state without the sampling loophole.
Transition from paramagnetism to ferromagnetism through additional hole doping of non-magnetic antimony in iron doped tellurium alloy
Authors: Menon Sitara , Sarkar Mitesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We have found an enhancement in the magnetic ordering of tellurium as a result of doping it with iron along with an additional doping of a non-magnetic element antimony. A weak ferromagnetism is observed from the magnetization hysteresis which can pave the way for new kinds of magnetic semiconductors. Using the modified solid state approach, we synthesized bulk alloys of Fe-doped tellurium with co-doping of Sb having general form Fe0.05(Te)1−xSbx; x = 0 and 0.03 and analyzed the sample for their structural, electrical and magnetic properties. Electrical resistivity measurements with varying external magnetic field has been carried out and it shows semiconducting nature for both samples. The conduction mechanism in the high temperature region follows small polaron hopping (SPH) model whereas in the low temperature region, variable range hopping (VRH) model is found to fit the data. Traditionally, though tellurium is diamagnetic in nature, x = 0 sample presents itself as a paramagnetic material as evident from the magnetization measurements. On the other hand, x = 0.03 sample has a small hysteresis which is brought about by the substitution of Sb. A negative to positive crossover is observed in the magnetoresistance plot of both samples which can be co-related to transition from variable range hopping mechanism to thermally activated hopping mechanism.
High-density spinal cord stimulation selectively activates lower urinary tract nerves
Authors: Jantz Maria K , Gopinath Chaitanya , Kumar Ritesh , Chin Celine , Wong Liane , Ogren John I , Fisher Lee E , McLaughlin Bryan L , Gaunt Robert A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective. Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a potential intervention to improve limb and autonomic functions, with lumbar stimulation improving locomotion and thoracic stimulation regulating blood pressure. Here, we asked whether sacral SCS could be used to target the lower urinary tract (LUT) and used a high-density epidural electrode array to test whether individual electrodes could selectively recruit LUT nerves. Approach. We placed a high-density epidural SCS array on the dorsal surface of the sacral spinal cord and cauda equina of anesthetized cats and recorded the stimulation-evoked activity from nerve cuffs on the pelvic, pudendal and sciatic nerves. Main results. Here we show that sacral SCS evokes responses in nerves innervating the bladder and urethra and that these nerves can be activated selectively. Sacral SCS always recruited the pelvic and pudendal nerves and selectively recruited both of these nerves in all but one animal. Individual branches of the pudendal nerve were always recruited as well. Electrodes that selectively recruited specific peripheral nerves were spatially clustered on the arrays, suggesting anatomically organized sensory pathways. Significance. This selective recruitment demonstrates a mechanism to directly modulate bladder and urethral function through known reflex pathways, which could be used to restore bladder and urethral function after injury or disease.
Effect of groove textures on tribological properties of 40CrNiMoA steel under starved grease lubrication
Authors: Lin Xiang , Li Jinbang , Xie Shuli , Xia Renliang , Liu Jinyang , Luo Limin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
40CrNiMoA steel is widely used in important mechanical parts under starved lubrication, such as shafts, gears and flexsplines for harmonic reducers. To improve the tribological properties of 40CrNiMoA steel and prolong the service life of the material in practical application, micro-grooves were fabricated on steel discs by laser texturing. The texture areal density is controlled by the number and width of the micro-grooves. The friction tests were carried on a ball-on-disk friction tester. The worn surfaces were observed by a scanning electron microscope and a three-dimensional microscope to discuss the friction and wear properties of textured discs under starved grease lubrication. The results show that the groove texture can effectively improve the tribological performance of the 40CrNiMoA steel. After optimizing, the tribological properties were greatly improved. The average friction coefficient reduced from 0.259 to 0.116 and wear rate was reduced by about 46 times. The contact stress of ball and textured discs was analyzed, the results shown that larger width of groove lead to higher contact stress, which may increase friction and wear. Therefore, storing lubricants and increasing contact stress should be balanced to obtain better tribological performances. In this study, the preferred range of texture areal density is 10% ∼ 22%.
On the impact of realistic point sources in spatial mode demultiplexing super resolution imaging
Authors: Greenwood Alexander B , Oulton Ruth , Gersen Henkjan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The desire to push beyond ‘Rayleigh’s curse’ has resulted in new techniques for super resolution imaging by deconstructing scattered light from point sources into several spatial modes, as coupling to higher order modes is exquisitely sensitive to lateral displacement. Here we implement such an approach for high numerical aperture objectives and demonstrate that for gold nanoparticles, their intrinsic asymmetry results in coupling to higher order modes without lateral displacement. This situation not only applies to practical nanoparticles but is applicable to any dipole emitter due to the asymmetry of the emission. However, with full polarization analysis we suggest that one may be able to apply such spatial mode demultiplexing techniques.
Generated datasets from dynamic reproduction of projectiles in ballistic environments for advanced research (DROPBEAR) testbed
Authors: Nelson Matthew , Laflamme Simon , Hu Chao , Moura Adriane G , Hong Jonathan , Downey Austin , Lander Peter , Wang Yang , Blasch Erik , Dodson Jacob 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High-rate dynamics occur when a system’s acceleration is larger than 100 gn over durations less than 100 ms. Structural health monitoring algorithms must be created for high-rate dynamic systems to maximize safety and minimize economic losses. There is a need to evaluate these algorithms for precision and accuracy prior to real-world implementation. An experimental testbed was created to simulate large-magnitude events while maintaining repeatability to accurately and robustly assess various structural health monitoring algorithms’ capability to monitor high-rate dynamic systems. All previous datasets created on the experimental testbed are discussed, examining various sensor setups, excitations, and boundary condition changes to properly simulate near-high-rate events and provide robust experimental data to evaluate structural health monitoring algorithms.
Thresholded graphical lasso adjusts for latent variables
Authors: Wang Minjie , Allen Genevera I 
Published: November 2022

Summary
Structural learning of Gaussian graphical models in the presence of latent variables has long been a challenging problem. Chandrasekaran et al. (2012) proposed a convex program for estimating a sparse graph plus a low-rank term that adjusts for latent variables; however, this approach poses challenges from both computational and statistical perspectives. We propose an alternative, simple solution: apply a hard-thresholding operator to existing graph selection methods. Conceptually simple and computationally attractive, the approach of thresholding the graphical lasso is shown to be graph selection consistent in the presence of latent variables under a simpler minimum edge strength condition and at an improved statistical rate. The results are extended to estimators for thresholded neighbourhood selection and constrained $\ell_{1}$-minimization for inverse matrix estimation as well. We show that our simple thresholded graph estimators yield stronger empirical results than existing methods for the latent variable graphical model problem, and we apply them to a neuroscience case study on estimating functional neural connections.
Neuropathological hallmarks of antenatal mitochondrial diseases with a corpus callosum defect
Authors: Boutaud Lucile , Ruzzenente Benedetta , Tessier Aude , Anselem Olivia , Pannier Emmanuelle , Grotto Sarah , Talhi Naïma , Amram Daniel , Willems Marjolaine , Wells Constance , Blanchet Patricia , Musizzano Yuri , Jauny Clémence , Nitschke Patrick , Bole-Feysot Christine , Bessières Bettina , Salhi Houria , Achaiaa Amale , Metodiev Metodi D , Razavi Ferechte , Rötig Agnès , Loeuilllet Laurence , Attié-Bitach Tania 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Corpus callosum defects are frequent congenital cerebral disorders caused by mutations in more than 300 genes. These include genes implicated in corpus callosum development or function, as well as genes essential for mitochondrial physiology. However, in utero corpus callosum anomalies rarely raise a suspicion of mitochondrial disease and are characterized by a very large clinical heterogeneity.
Here, we report a detailed pathological and neuro-histopathological investigation of nine foetuses from four unrelated families with prenatal onset of corpus callosum anomalies, sometimes associated with other cerebral or extra-cerebral defects. Next generation sequencing allowed the identification of novel pathogenic variants in three different nuclear genes previously reported in mitochondrial diseases: TIMMDC1, encoding a Complex I assembly factor never involved before in corpus callosum defect; MRPS22, a protein of the small mitoribosomal subunit; and EARS2, the mitochondrial tRNA-glutamyl synthetase. The present report describes the antenatal histopathological findings in mitochondrial diseases and expands the genetic spectrum of antenatal corpus callosum anomalies establishing OXPHOS function as an important factor for corpus callosum biogenesis.
We propose that, when observed, antenatal corpus callosum anomalies should raise suspicion of mitochondrial disease and prenatal genetic counselling should be considered.
Hypertension management in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities
Authors: Lauder Lucas , Mahfoud Felix , Azizi Michel , Bhatt Deepak L , Ewen Sebastian , Kario Kazuomi , Parati Gianfranco , Rossignol Patrick , Schlaich Markus P , Teo Koon K , Townsend Raymond R , Tsioufis Costas , Weber Michael A , Weber Thomas , Böhm Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a leading cause of death globally. Due to ageing, the rising incidence of obesity, and socioeconomic and environmental changes, its incidence increases worldwide. Hypertension commonly coexists with Type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking leading to risk amplification. Blood pressure lowering by lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive drugs reduce cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Guidelines recommend dual- and triple-combination therapies using renin–angiotensin system blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or a diuretic. Comorbidities often complicate management. New drugs such as angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists improve CV and renal outcomes. Catheter-based renal denervation could offer an alternative treatment option in comorbid hypertension associated with increased sympathetic nerve activity. This review summarises the latest clinical evidence for managing hypertension with CV comorbidities.
Changes in rhizospheric microbiome structure and soil metabolic function in response to continuous cucumber cultivation
Authors: Chen Xiaolu , Zhang Dalong , Li Yiman , Li Hengyu , Lou Jie , Li Xiaotian , Wei Min 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
With the increasing reliance on intensive arable agriculture, analysis of the problems associated with continuous cropping has become a global research focus. Here, high-throughput sequencing and nontargeted metabolomics were used to evaluate the responses of soil microbial community structure and soil metabolic function to continuous cucumber cultivation (from 1 to 18 years of continuous cultivation) in greenhouses. Continuous cucumber cropping resulted in increased soil nutrient concentrations, but decreased concentrations of available nutrients. The abundance of several bacterial genera associated with nutrient cycling, such as Bacillus and Sphingomonas, was reduced by continuous cucumber cultivation. The abundance of several beneficial fungal genera, including pathogen antagonists (e.g. Chaetomium, Mortierella, Aspergillus, and Penicillium), were found to gradually decrease in response to the increased duration of continuous cropping. 3-amino-2-naphthoic acid and L-valine increased initially and then decreased as the cropping continued, which were related to fatty acid metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. We also confirmed a close association between microbial community structure and soil metabolites. This study linked the changes in microbial community structure and metabolites in the rhizosphere soil and provided new insights into soil–microbial interactions in continuous cucumber culture systems.