bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of suicide and suicide attempts in Jahrom district, Southern Iran in light of COVID pandemic: A prospective observational study
Authors: Sefid Fard Jahromi Mina , Eghbal Mohammad Hadi , Rahmanian Vahid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSuicide is a global public health issue. The covid‐19 epidemic has led to disturbance in daily life and economic activity. It is assumed that increased stress and anxiety cause suicide. This study aimed to describe the causes and methods of committing suicide during the COVID pandemic.MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted on all outpatients, inpatients, and those who died during the period from March 21, 2021 to March 20, 2022 due to suicide attempts, referred to hospitals and clinics affiliated with Jahrom University of Medical Sciences or were identified by the social emergency and welfare organization.ResultsA total of 330 suicide attempters with an average age of 26.74 ± 0.64 years were studied. They were 220 women (66.67%), 159 single (48.18%), and 309 (73.64%) people who had diplomas and high school degrees. In general, the three main reasons for committing suicide were emotional issues and problems with 169 people (51.21%), family violence with 127 people (38.48%), and economic issues and problems with 90 people (27.27%). In terms of suicide manners, 283 people (85.76%) used medicine (or pharmaceuticals), 16 people (4.85%) used agricultural pesticides, and 11 people (3.33%) used rodenticides. Furthermore, 164 people (49.70%) suffered from depression, 94 people (28.49%) were children of divorce, 60 people (18.18%) were drug users, 151 people (45.76%) had a history of alcohol consumption, and 116 people (35.15%) had a history of committing suicide. A total of 6 cases of complete suicide (leading to death) have occurred.ConclusionThe most important factors for suicide throughout the covid‐19 epidemic were emotional issues, marital incompatibility, and economic issues. Medicine poisoning was the most important method of committing suicide. In times of crisis, a multisectoral public health approach is needed to prevent increased anxiety, stress, and subsequent suicide attempts.
LPNet: A lightweight CNN with discrete wavelet pooling strategies for colon polyps classification
Authors: Sharma Pallabi , Das Dipankar , Gautam Anmol , Balabantaray Bunil Kumar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe traditional process of disease diagnosis from medical images follows a manual process, which is tedious and arduous. A computer‐aided diagnosis (CADs) system can work as an assistive tool to improve the diagnosis process. In this pursuit, this article introduces a unique architecture LPNet for classifying colon polyps from the colonoscopy video frames. Colon polyps are abnormal growth of cells in the colon wall. Over time, untreated colon polyps may cause colorectal cancer. Different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based systems have been developed in recent years. However, CNN uses pooling to reduce the number of parameters and expand the receptive field. On the other hand, pooling results in data loss and is deleterious to subsequent processes. Pooling strategies based on discrete wavelet operations have been proposed in our architecture as a solution to this problem, with the promise of achieving a better trade‐off between receptive field size and computing efficiency. The overall performance of this model is superior to the others, according to experimental results on a colonoscopy dataset. LPNet with bio‐orthogonal wavelet achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of 93.55%. It outperforms the other state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) CNN models for the polyps classification task, and it is lightweight in terms of the number of learnable parameters compared with them, making the model easily deployable in edge devices.
A comparative high‐resolution physicochemical analysis of commercially available fibrin sealants: Impact of sealant osmolality on biological performance
Authors: Reichsöllner Raffael , Heher Philipp , Hartmann Jaana , Manhartseder Stefan , Singh Rahul , Gulle Heinz , Slezak Paul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFibrin sealants are well‐established components of the surgical toolbox, especially in procedures that harbor a high risk of perioperative bleeding. Their widespread use as hemostats, sealants or tissue‐adhesives in various surgical settings has shown that the choice of the appropriate sealant system affects the clinical outcome. While many studies have compared the hemostatic efficiency of fibrin sealants to that of other natural or synthetic sealants, there is still limited data on how subtle differences in fibrin sealant formulations relate to their biological performance. Here, we performed an in‐depth physicochemical and biological characterization of the two most commonly used fibrin sealants in the US and Europe: TISSEEL™ (“FS”) and VISTASEAL™/VERASEAL™ (“FS+Osm”). Our chemical analyses demonstrated differences between the two sealants, with lower fibrinogen concentrations and supraphysiological osmolality in the FS+Osm formulation. Rheological testing revealed FS clots have greater clot stiffness, which strongly correlated with network density. Ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed differences between FS and FS+Osm fibrin networks, the latter characterized by a largely amorphous hydrogel structure in contrast to the physiological fibrillar network of FS. Cytocompatibility experiments with human fibroblasts seeded on FS and FS+Osm fibrin networks, or cultured in presence of sealant extracts, revealed that FS+Osm induced apoptosis, which was not observed with FS. Although differential sealant osmolality and amounts of fibrinogen, as well as the presence of Factor XIII or additives such as antifibrinolytics, may explain the mechanical and structural differences observed between the two fibrin sealants, none of these substances are known to cause apoptosis at the respective concentrations in the sealant formulation. We thus conclude that hyper osmolality in the FS+Osm formulation is the primary trigger of apoptosis—a mechanism that should be evaluated in more detail, as it may affect the cellular wound healing response in situ.
Rapid formation of 3D: Decellularized extracellular matrix spheroids for enhancing bone formation
Authors: Zhang Yanmin , Feng Yuting , Shao Qin , Jiang Zhiwei , Yang Guoli 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheet‐derived spheroids (BMSCs spheroids) have been widely studied as native bioactive scaffolds. However, the abundant cells in BMSCs spheroids cause immunogenicity and make them difficult to store. This paper aimed to construct a new bioactive scaffold called 3D‐decellularized extracellular matrix spheroids (ECM spheroids) via decellularization of BMSCs spheroids to enhance bone formation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), nuclear and cytoskeletal fluorescence, immunofluorescence (IF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to detect the characteristics and components of ECM spheroids. Furthermore, the biological properties of migration, adhesion, and recellularization of cells in ECM spheroids were assessed in vitro, and bone formation was evaluated in rat calvarial defects. The results showed that both the nuclei and cytoskeleton in ECM spheroids were greatly altered and one of the major components of FN was intact. The migration, adhesion, and recellularization potential were improved in vitro. Meanwhile, ECM spheroids promoted osteogenesis in rat skull defects after 3 months (p < .01). In conclusion, ECM spheroids were successfully prepared and proven to promote cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Bone formation in vivo was also accelerated. We believe that ECM spheroids can be used as bioactive and biocompatible 3D scaffolds in the future.
Assessment of the modified O'Connor Tweezer Dexterity and Purdue Pegboard test for use among dental students
Authors: Levanon Yafi , Lugassy Diva , Pilo Raphael , Nassar Rya , Mhana Afnan , Maria Zidan , Willy Nadeen , Brosh Tamar 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe current study aimed to assess criteria validity and test–retest reliability of the modified O'Connor Tweezer Dexterity (O'Connor) and the Purdue Pegboard test (PPT) for use among dental students.Occupational therapists were asked to assess dentist‐related skills due to the high percentage of students who failed the dental school exams that year.The O'Connor and the PPT are suitable for these purposes, they aim to evaluate fine motor skills requirements. The original tests were modified for use under indirect visualization conditions (through a mirror) to mimic the typical dentists’ work environment.Materials and methodsA total of 110 dentists were included in the present study (50 dentists for the O'Connor test and 60 for the PPT). Both tests were conducted twice. Initially, the original version of the tests was followed by the modified versions (through a mirror). For the test–retest reliability assessment, 21 participants (10 participants from the O'Connor group and 11 participants from the PPT group) repeated the evaluation within a 1‐week interval using the same settings (original followed by modified versions).ResultsBoth versions of the O'Connor tests were significantly correlated (r = 0.54, p < 0.01), as were the two PPT versions (r = 0.640, p < 0.01). Significantly test–retest reliability was found for both tests. The interclass correlation ranged between 0.883 and 0.997, p < 0.000.ConclusionThe results confirmed our hypothesis, demonstrating a criteria validity and test–retest reliability assessment of the modified O'Connor and the modified PPT for assessing dentists.
Varicella zoster virus reactivation following COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: A cross‐sectional Chinese study of 318 cases
Authors: Chen Jiali , Li Fen , Tian Jing , Xie Xi , Tang Qi , Chen Yiyue , Ge Yan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) reactivation has been observed after the administration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines. Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRDs) patients are at a higher risk for VZV reactivation for immunocompromised status. The study aimed to investigate the adverse events (AEs), especially VZV reactivation, following vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 in a Chinese cohort of AIIRD patients. A cross‐sectional survey using an online questionnaire was conducted among AIIRD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify potential factors associated with VZV reactivation. 318 AIIRD patients and 318 age and sex‐matched HCs who got COVID‐19 inactivated vaccines were recruited. The main AIIRDs are rheumatoid arthritis (31.8%) and systemic lupus erythematous (23.9%). Most of patients (85.5%) had stable disease and 13.2% of them had aggravation after vaccination. Compared to HCs, patients had higher rates of rash (p = 0.001), arthralgia (p < 0.001) and insomnia (p = 0.007). In addition, there were 6 (1.9%) AIIRD patients and 5 (1.6%) HCs reported VZV reactivation after the COVID‐19 vaccination (p = 0.761). Multivariate logistic regression analysis illustrated that diabetes mellitus (odd ratio [OR], 20.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08−396.79; p = 0.044), chronic hepatitis B virus infection (OR, 24.34; 95% CI, 1.27−466.74; p = 0.034), and mycophenolate mofetil (OR, 40.61; 95% CI, 3.33−496.15; p = 0.004) independently identified patients with VZV reactivation. Our findings showed that the inactivated COVID‐19 vaccination was safe for AIIRD patients though some patients could suffer from VZV reactivation.
Task‐related functional neuroimaging contribution to sex/gender differences in cognition and emotion during development
Authors: Taddei Matilde , Bulgheroni Sara , Riva Daria , Erbetta Alessandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent research has shown that sex/gender (s/g) influences on cognitive functions and related brain anatomy, functional responses, and connectivity are less clear than previously assumed, and most studies investigated adult population. In this mini‐review, we summarize research progress in the study of s/g differences in the human brain function as investigated by neuroimaging methods adopting a developmental perspective. In particular, we review original studies published from 2000 to 2021 investigating s/g differences in task‐related brain functional activation and connectivity in healthy children and adolescents. We summarize results about studies in the domains of language, visuospatial ability, social cognition, and executive functions. Overall, a clear relation between cognition and brain activation or connectivity pattern is far from being established and the few coherent results should be considered exploratory, despite in some cases, brain function seems to present specific patterns in comparison with what reported in adults. Moreover, future studies should address methodological limitations, such as fragmentation of tasks, lack of control for confounding variables, and lack of longitudinal designs to study developmental trajectories.
Motor cortical excitability and pre‐supplementary motor area neurochemistry in healthy adults with substantia nigra hyperechogenicity
Authors: Todd Gabrielle , Rae Caroline D. , Taylor Janet L. , Rogasch Nigel C. , Butler Jane E. , Hayes Michael , Wilcox Robert A. , Gandevia Simon C. , Aoun Karl , Esterman Adrian , Lewis Simon J. G. , Hall Julie M. , Matar Elie , Godau Jana , Berg Daniela , Plewnia Christian , von Thaler Anna‐Katharina , Chiang Clarence , Double Kay L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSubstantia nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity, viewed with transcranial ultrasound, is a risk marker for Parkinson's disease. We hypothesized that SN hyperechogenicity in healthy adults aged 50–70 years is associated with reduced short‐interval intracortical inhibition in primary motor cortex, and that the reduced intracortical inhibition is associated with neurochemical markers of activity in the pre‐supplementary motor area (pre‐SMA). Short‐interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in primary motor cortex was assessed with paired‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in 23 healthy adults with normal (n = 14; 61 ± 7 yrs) or abnormally enlarged (hyperechogenic; n = 9; 60 ± 6 yrs) area of SN echogenicity. Thirteen of these participants (7 SN− and 6 SN+) also underwent brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate pre‐SMA neurochemistry. There was no relationship between area of SN echogenicity and short‐interval intracortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex. There was a significant positive relationship, however, between area of echogenicity in the right SN and the magnitude of intracortical facilitation in the right (ipsilateral) primary motor cortex (p = .005; multivariate regression), evidenced by the amplitude of the conditioned motor evoked potential (MEP) at the 10–12 ms interstimulus interval. This relationship was not present on the left side. Pre‐SMA glutamate did not predict primary motor cortex inhibition or facilitation. The results suggest that SN hyperechogenicity in healthy older adults may be associated with changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry. The results advance understanding of brain changes in healthy older adults at risk of Parkinson's disease.
Diffuse infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: Multimodality imaging manifestations
Authors: Madani Seyedeh Panid , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Mohseni Alireza , Pawlik Timothy , Kamel Ihab R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer, being the third most common cause of cancer‐related death globally. HCC most frequently develops in the context of hepatic cirrhosis. HCC can manifest as various morphologic subtypes. Each pattern exhibits distinct behaviors in terms of imaging features, disease progression, response to therapy, and prognosis. While the nodular pattern is the most frequent subtype, infiltrative HCC is the least prevalent and makes up about 8%−20% of all HCC cases. Infiltrative HCC manifests as small tumor nodules that often spread across the entire liver or across a hepatic segment/lobe and is not identified as a focal tumor. On ultrasonography, infiltrative HCC presents as a markedly heterogeneous area with ill‐defined echotexture, making it difficult to distinguish from background hepatic cirrhosis. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), infiltrating HCC typically manifests as a mild, poorly defined hepatic region with heterogeneous or homogenous aberrant signal intensity. Specifically, on T1‐weighted MRI scans, infiltrating HCC frequently appears as largely hypointense and typically homogenous and mildly to moderately hyperintense on T2‐weighted imaging. Infiltrative HCC frequently lacks a clearly defined boundary on cross‐sectional imaging and can consequently fade into the background of the cirrhotic liver. As a result, infiltrating HCC is frequently not discovered until an advanced stage and has an associated poor prognosis. Thus, understanding imaging features associated with infiltrative HCC diagnosis is crucial for abdominal radiologists to ensure effective and timely care. We herein review imaging characteristics of infiltrative HCC.
Semi‐Woven Structures via Dual Nozzle Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Diaz Raquel Sanchez , De‐Juan‐Pardo Elena M. , Dalton Paul D. , Dargaville Tim R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMelt electrowriting is an additive manufacturing technique utilizing electrohydrodynamic forces to create nano‐ to micro‐scale fibrous polymer objects. It is a useful research tool but has yet to reach commercial scale‐up mainly due to the intrinsically slow nature of extruding a single polymer jet. Here the concept of dual nozzle melts electrowriting requiring no new hardware other than the nozzle is introduced. Experimental data using a dual nozzle shows the possibility of doubling throughput including the phenomenon of semi‐woven structures with fibers from one nozzle either on top or under the fiber from the other nozzle depending on programmed collector movement. The study highlights the complexity of melt electrowriting when using more than one nozzle, and provides a framework for multi‐nozzle, high‐throughput melt electrowriting.
Electrospun Nano‐CaO2/Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofibers and Their Wound Healing Application through In Situ Supplying H2O2
Authors: Qi Lin , Huang Yong , Liu Zheng , Jiang Yulin , Du Meixuan , Liu Limin , Feng Ganjun , Li Yubao , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSkin is highly susceptible to foreign pathogens when damaged. Infections usually lead to serious damage to wounds and hinder wound healing, which results in nonhealing and inflammation of the wounds. Herein, a kind of fibrous membrane incorporated with calcium peroxide nanoparticles (n‐CaO2) is fabricated by electrospinning the polymer blend solution of polycaprolactone and gelatin. The obtained membranes show a randomly distributed nanofibrous structure with n‐CaO2 particles embedded in each fiber. Such a structure endows the membranes with medium hydrophilicity and improves blood clotting in comparison with the commonly used gauze, while the loading of n‐CaO2 achieves the in situ generation and rapid release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), enabling FM‐10 to display a robust bacteria inhibition of over 90% elimination to E. coli. The in vitro cytocompatibility experiment on the fibrous membranes demonstrates low cytotoxicity to L929 fibroblasts. The in vivo assessment indicates that the fibrous membranes can distinctly accelerate the wound healing, of which FM‐5 exhibits the highest wound closure rate (>95%) after 14 days. This study provides a versatile approach, simply by varying the loading dosage of n‐CaO2 into fiber matrix, to fulfill different functions to meet the multiple needs of wound care.
The fundamental theorem for singular surfaces with limiting tangent planes
Authors: Medina‐Tejeda T. A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a similar result to the fundamental theorem of regular surfaces in classical differential geometry, which extends the classical theorem to the entire class of singular surfaces in Euclidean 3‐space known as frontals. Also, we characterize in a simple way these singular surfaces and its fundamental forms with local properties in the differential of its parametrization and decompositions in the matrices associated to the fundamental forms. In particular, we introduce new types of curvatures that can be used to characterize wave fronts. The only restriction on the parametrizations that is assumed in several occasions is that the singular set has empty interior.
Twist1 as a target for prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Tingzeng , Rho Okkyung , Eguiarte‐Solomon Fernando , DiGiovanni John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) represents an important clinical problem requiring novel approaches for both prevention and treatment. The transcription factor, Twist‐related protein 1 (Twist1), has been identified as having a key mechanistic role in the development and progression of cSCC. Studies in relevant mouse models of cSCC have shown that Twist1 regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness driving progression and metastasis of cSCC. In addition, further research has shown that Twist1 regulates the balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and therefore impacts earlier stages of cSCC development. Through use of keratinocyte specific Twist1 knockout models, a role for this gene in keratinocyte stem cell homeostasis has been revealed. As a transcription factor, Twist1 regulates a large number of genes both in a positive, as well as a negative manner across several interdependent pathways. Studies in keratinocyte specific knockout models have shown that Twist1 upregulates the expression of genes involved in proliferation, stemness, and EMT while downregulating the expression of genes associated with differentiation. Furthermore, a number of compounds, including naturally occurring compounds, have been identified that target Twist1 and can block its effects in cancer cells and in keratinocytes in vivo. Collectively, the current understanding of Twist1 function in cSCC development and progression suggests that it represents a potential target for prevention and treatment of cSCC.