bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomics Reveals Exceptional Phylogenetic Diversity Within a Narrow-Range Flightless Insect
Authors: McCulloch Graham A , Dutoit Ludovic , Craw David , Kroos Gracie C , Waters Jonathan M 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRange-restricted upland taxa are prone to population bottlenecks and thus typically have low genetic diversity, making them particularly vulnerable to environmental change. In this study, we used a combination of genotyping-by-sequencing (10,419 SNPs) and mitochondrial COI sequencing to test for population genetic structure within the narrow-range flightless sub-alpine stonefly Zelandoperla maungatuaensis Foster. This species is restricted to only a handful of upland streams along a 4 km stretch of the isolated Maungatua range in southeast New Zealand. We identified striking genetic structure across the narrow range of Z. maungatuaensis, with three deeply divergent allopatric lineages detected. These distinct lineages likely diverged in the early-mid Pleistocene, apparently persisting in separate microrefugia throughout subsequent glacial cycles. Our results illustrate how secondary flight loss can facilitate insect diversification across fine spatial scales, and demonstrate that intraspecific phylogenetic diversity cannot necessarily be predicted from range-size alone. Additional demographic analyses are required to better understand the conservation status of these divergent Z. maungatuaensis lineages, and to assess their potential susceptibility to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts.
HFMOEA: a hybrid framework for multi-objective feature selection
Authors: Kundu Rohit , Mallipeddi Rammohan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this data-driven era, where a large number of attributes are often publicly available, redundancy becomes a major problem, which leads to large storage and computational resource requirement. Feature selection is a method for reducing the dimensionality of the data by removing such redundant or misleading attributes. This leads to a selection of optimal feature subsets that can be used for further computation like the classification of data. Learning algorithms, when fitted on such optimal subsets of reduced dimensions, perform more efficiently and storing data also becomes easier. However, there exists a trade-off between the number of features selected and the accuracy obtained and the requirement for different tasks may vary. Thus, in this paper, a hybrid filter multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (HFMOEA) has been proposed based on the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) coupled with filter-based feature ranking methods for population initialization to obtain an optimal trade-off solution set to the problem. The two competing objectives for the algorithm are the minimization of the number of selected features and the maximization of the classification accuracy. The filter ranking methods used for population initialization help in faster convergence of the NSGA-II algorithm to the PF. The proposed HFMOEA method has been evaluated on 18 UCI datasets and 2 deep feature sets (features extracted from image datasets using deep learning models) to justify the viability of the approach with respect to the state-of-the-art. The relevant codes of the proposed approach are available at https://github.com/Rohit-Kundu/HFMOEA.
Evidence for a cloud–cloud collision in Sh2-233 triggering the formation of the high-mass protostar object IRAS 05358+3543
Authors: Yamada Rin I , Fukui Yasuo , Sano Hidetoshi , Tachihara Kengo , Bieging John H , Enokiya Rei , Nishimura Atsushi , Fujita Shinij , Kohno Mikito , Tsuge Kisetsu 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We have carried out a new kinematical analysis of the molecular gas in the Sh2-233 region by using the CO J = 2–1 data taken at ∼0.5 pc resolution. The molecular gas consists of a filamentary cloud of 5-pc length with 1.5-pc width where two dense cloud cores are embedded. The filament lies between two clouds, which have a velocity difference of 2.7 km s−1 and are extended over ∼5 pc. We frame a scenario that the two clouds are colliding with each other and compressed the gas between them to form the filament in ∼0.5 Myr which is perpendicular to the collision. It is likely that the collision formed not only the filamentary cloud but also the two dense cores. One of the dense cores is associated with the high-mass protostellar candidate IRAS 05358+3543, a representative high-mass protostar. In the monolithic collapse scheme of high mass star formation, a compact dense core of 100 M⊙ within a volume of 0.1 pc radius is assumed as the initial condition, whereas the formation of such a core remained unexplained in the previous works. We argue that the proposed collision is a step which efficiently collects the gas of 100 M⊙ into 0.1 pc radius. This lends support for that the cloud–cloud collision is an essential process in forming the compact high-mass dense core, IRAS 05358+3543.
Constraining energy-dependent emissivity profiles of AGN inflows
Authors: Ashton Dominic I , Middleton Matthew J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The emissivity of the accretion flow is a key parameter affecting the shape of both the energy and variability power spectrum of AGN. We explore the energy-dependence of the power spectrum for five AGN, across the XMM-Newton bandpass, and across the 0.01-1 mHz frequency range, finding a ubiquitous flattening of the power spectrum towards higher energies. We develop a framework to explore this behaviour and thereby extract the energy dependence of the emissivity assuming a simple disc-like geometry for the inflow. We find that the emissivity ranges from R−2 at energies around the soft excess and increases to R−4 or steeper above 4-6 keV. We describe the changing emissivity index with a linear function in energy, finding the best-fitting slopes to vary between AGN. We attempt to correlate the slope of the linear function against key AGN parameters but, as yet, the sample size is too small to confirm hints of a correlation with Eddington ratio.
Radial distributions of globular clusters trace their host dark matter halo: insights from the E-MOSAICS simulations
Authors: Reina-Campos Marta , Trujillo-Gomez Sebastian , Deason Alis J , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Pfeffer Joel L , Crain Robert A , Bastian Nate , Hughes Meghan E 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Globular clusters (GCs) are bright objects that span a wide range of galactocentric distances, and can therefore probe the structure of dark matter (DM) haloes. In this work, we explore whether the projected number density radial profiles of GCs can be used to infer the structural properties of their host DM haloes. We use the simulated GC populations in a sample of 166 central galaxies from the $(34.4~\rm cMpc)^3$ periodic volume of the E-MOSAICS project. We find that more massive galaxies host stellar and GC populations with shallower density profiles that are more radially extended. In addition, metal-poor GC subpopulations tend to have shallower and more extended profiles than metal-rich subsamples, which we relate to the preferentially accreted origin of metal-poor GCs. We find strong correlations between the power-law slopes and effective radii of the radial profiles of the GC populations and the structural properties of the DM haloes, such as their power-law slopes, Navarro–Frenk–White scale radii, and concentration parameters. Accounting for a dependence on the galaxy stellar mass decreases the scatter of the two-dimensional relations. This suggests that the projected number counts of GCs, combined with their galaxy mass, trace the density profile of the DM halo of their host galaxy. When applied to extragalactic GC systems, we recover the scale radii and the extent of the DM haloes of a sample of early-type galaxies with uncertainties smaller than $0.2~\rm dex$. Thus, extragalactic GC systems provide a novel avenue to explore the structure of DM haloes beyond the Local Group.
Thermal and non-thermal X-ray emission from the rotation-powered radio/γ-ray pulsar PSR J1740+1000
Authors: Rigoselli Michela , Mereghetti Sandro , Anzuinelli Sara , Keith Michael , Taverna Roberto , Turolla Roberto , Zane Silvia 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We report the results of new XMM-Newton observations of the middle-aged (τc = 1.1 × 105 yr) radio pulsar PSR J1740+1000 carried out in 2017–2018. These long pointings (∼530 ks) show that the non-thermal emission, well described by a power-law spectrum with photon index Γ = 1.80 ± 0.17, is pulsed with a ∼30 per cent pulsed fraction above 2 keV. The thermal emission can be well-fit with the sum of two blackbodies of temperatures kT1 = 70 ± 4 eV and kT2 = 137 ± 7 eV, and emitting radii $R_1=5.4_{-0.9}^{+1.3}$ km and $R_2=0.70_{-0.13}^{+0.15}$ km (for a distance of 1.2 kpc). We found no evidence for absorption lines as those observed in the shorter XMM-Newton observations (∼67 ks) of this pulsar carried out in 2006. The X-ray thermal and non-thermal components peak in antiphase and none of them is seen to coincide in phase with the radio pulse. This, coupled with the small difference in the emission radii of the two thermal components, disfavours an interpretation in which the dipolar polar cap is heated by magnetospheric backward-accelerated particles. Comparison with the other thermally emitting isolated neutron stars with spectra well described by the sum of two components at different temperatures shows that the ratios T2/T1 and R2/R1 are similar for objects of different classes. The observed values cannot be reproduced with simple temperature distributions, such as those caused by a dipolar field, indicating the presence of more complicated thermal maps.
Cosmology and neutrino mass with the minimum spanning tree
Authors: Naidoo Krishna , Massara Elena , Lahav Ofer 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The information content of the minimum spanning tree (MST), used to capture higher order statistics and information from the cosmic web, is compared to that of the power spectrum for a νΛCDM model. The measurements are made in redshift space using haloes from the Quijote simulation of mass $\ge 3.2\times 10^{13}\, h^{-1}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ in a box of length $L_{\rm box}=1\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Gpc}$. The power spectrum multipoles (monopole and quadrupole) are computed for Fourier modes in the range $0.006\, h{\rm Mpc}^{-1} \lt k \lt 0.5\, h{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. For comparison the MST is measured with a minimum length-scale of $l_{\min }\simeq 13\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$. Combining the MST and power spectrum allows for many of the individual degeneracies to be broken; on its own the MST provides tighter constraints on the sum of neutrino masses Mν and cosmological parameters h, ns, and Ωb but the power spectrum alone provides tighter constraints on Ωm and σ8. Combined we find constraints that are a factor of two (or greater) on all parameters with respect to the power spectrum (for Mν there is a factor of four improvement). These improvements appear to be driven by the MST’s sensitivity to small scale clustering, where the effect of neutrino free-streaming becomes relevant, and high-order statistical information in the cosmic web. The MST is shown to be a powerful tool for cosmology and neutrino mass studies, and therefore could play a pivotal role in ongoing and future galaxy redshift surveys (such as DES, DESI, Euclid, and Rubin-LSST).
Red supergiant stars in binary systems. I. Identification and characterisation in the small magellanic cloud from the UVIT ultraviolet imaging survey
Authors: Patrick L R , Thilker D , Lennon D J , Bianchi L , Schootemeijer A , Dorda R , Langer N , Negueruela I 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We aim to identify and characterise binary systems containing red supergiant (RSG) stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using a newly available ultraviolet (UV) point source catalogue obtained using the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board AstroSat. We select a sample of 560 SMC RSGs based on photometric and spectroscopic observations at optical wavelengths and cross-match this with the far-UV point source catalogue using the UVIT F172M filter, finding 88 matches down to mF172M = 20.3 ABmag, which we interpret as hot companions to the RSGs. Stellar parameters (luminosities, effective temperatures and masses) for both components in all 88 binary systems are determined and we find mass distributions in the ranges 6.1 &lt; M/M⊙ &lt; 22.3 for RSGs and 3.7 &lt;M/M⊙ &lt; 15.6 for their companions. The most massive RSG binary system in the SMC has a combined mass of 32 ± 4 M⊙, with a mass ratio (q) of 0.92. By simulating observing biases, we find an intrinsic multipliciy fraction of $18.8\, \pm \, 1.5\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for mass ratios in the range 0.3 &lt; q &lt; 1.0 and orbital periods approximately in the range $3 &lt; \log P [\rm days] &lt; 8$. By comparing our results with those of a similar mass on the main-sequence, we determine the fraction of single stars to be ∼20 per cent and argue that the orbital period distribution declines rapidly beyond log P ∼ 3.5. We study the mass-ratio distribution of RSG binary systems and find that a uniform distribution best describes the data below 14 M⊙. Above 15 M⊙, we find a lack of high mass-ratio systems.
Definition of germ layer cell lineage alternative splicing programs reveals a critical role for Quaking in specifying cardiac cell fate
Authors: Fagg W Samuel , Liu Naiyou , Braunschweig Ulrich , Pereira de Castro Karen Larissa , Chen Xiaoting , Ditmars Frederick S , Widen Steven G , Donohue John Paul , Modis Katalin , Russell William K , Fair Jeffrey H , Weirauch Matthew T , Blencowe Benjamin J , Garcia-Blanco Mariano A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alternative splicing is critical for development; however, its role in the specification of the three embryonic germ layers is poorly understood. By performing RNA-Seq on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived definitive endoderm, cardiac mesoderm, and ectoderm cell lineages, we detect distinct alternative splicing programs associated with each lineage. The most prominent splicing program differences are observed between definitive endoderm and cardiac mesoderm. Integrative multi-omics analyses link each program with lineage-enriched RNA binding protein regulators, and further suggest a widespread role for Quaking (QKI) in the specification of cardiac mesoderm. Remarkably, knockout of QKI disrupts the cardiac mesoderm-associated alternative splicing program and formation of myocytes. These changes arise in part through reduced expression of BIN1 splice variants linked to cardiac development. Mechanistically, we find that QKI represses inclusion of exon 7 in BIN1 pre-mRNA via an exonic ACUAA motif, and this is concomitant with intron removal and cleavage from chromatin. Collectively, our results uncover alternative splicing programs associated with the three germ lineages and demonstrate an important role for QKI in the formation of cardiac mesoderm.
Factors correlating with survival following adjuvant or definitive radiosurgery for large brain metastases
Authors: Gutiérrez-Valencia Enrique , Kalyvas Aristotelis , Villafuerte Conrad J , Millar Barbara-Ann , Laperriere Normand , Conrad Tatiana , Berlin Alejandro , Weiss Jessica , Zadeh Gelareh , Bernstein Mark , Kongkham Paul , Shultz David B 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
We sought to identify variates correlating with overall survival (OS) in patients treated with surgery (S) plus adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) versus definitive SRS for large (&gt;4 cc) brain metastases (BrM).

Methods
We used univariate (UVA) and multivariate analyses (MVA) to identify survival correlates among eligible patients identified from a prospective registry and compared definitive SRS to S+ adjuvant SRS cohorts using propensity score-matched analysis (PSMA). Secondary outcomes were measured using the cumulative incidence (CI) method.

Results
We identified 364 patients; 127 and 237 were treated with S+SRS and definitive SRS, respectively. On UVA, SRS alone [HR1.73 (1.35,2.22) P &lt; .001), BrM quantity [HR 1.13 (1.06–1.22) (P &lt; .001)]; performance status (PS) [HR 2.78 (1.73–4.46) (P &lt; .001)]; extracranial disease (ECD) [HR 1.82 (1.37,2.40) (P &lt; .001)]; and receipt of systemic treatment after BrM therapy, [HR 0.58 (0.46–073) (P &lt; .001)] correlated with OS. On MVA, SRS alone [HR 1.81 (1.19,2.74) (P &lt; .0054)], SRS target volume [HR 1.03 (1.01,1.06) (P &lt; .0042)], and receipt of systemic treatment [HR 0.68 (0.50,0.93) (P &lt; .015)] correlated with OS. When PSMA was used to balance ECD, BrM quantity, PS, and SRS target volume, SRS alone remained correlated with worsened OS [HR 1.62 (1.20–2.19) (P = 0.0015)]. CI of local failure requiring resection at 12 months was 3% versus 7% for S+SRS and SRS cohorts, respectively [(HR 2.04 (0.89–4.69) (P = .091)]. CI of pachymeningeal failure at 12 months was 16% versus 0% for S+SRS and SRS.

Conclusion
SRS target volume, receipt of systemic therapies, and treatment with S+SRS instead of definitive SRS correlated with improved survival in patients with large BrM.
Birth Outcomes Associated With E-Cigarette and Non–E-Cigarette Tobacco Product Use During Pregnancy: An Examination of PATH Data Waves 1–5
Authors: Cohn Amy M , Elmasry Hoda , Wild Robert C , Johnson Amanda L , Abudayyeh Haneen , Kurti Allison , Coleman-Cowger Victoria H 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To examine associations of prenatal e-cigarette use to pregnancy and birth outcomes.

Methods
Currently pregnant women (n = 1 037) from Waves 1 through 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study who had pregnancy or live birth outcome data in a subsequent wave (Waves 2–5; 2013 to 2019). Weighted bivariate and multivariable models\ examined associations between past 30-day tobacco use assessed during pregnancy (any past 30-day e-cigarette use, any past 30-day non–e-cigarette tobacco use, or no past 30-day tobacco use) with adverse pregnancy (miscarriage, abortion, ectopic or tubal pregnancy, stillbirth) and birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, birth defect, placenta previa, placental abruption, pre-eclampsia) reported in the subsequent wave.

Results
Approximately 1% of pregnant women reported past 30-day exclusive e-cigarette use and 3.2% used e-cigarettes and one other tobacco product. Compared to no tobacco use, past 30-day e-cigarette use (exclusive or use with another tobacco product) during pregnancy was not associated with increased odds of an adverse pregnancy or birth outcome in bivariate or multivariable models. Past 30-day non–e-cigarette tobacco use was associated with increased odds of an adverse pregnancy outcome in multivariable models, but not an adverse live birth outcome. Compared to past 30-day cigarette use, past 30-day e-cigarette use during pregnancy was not associated with lowered odds of a birth or pregnancy outcome.

Conclusions
E-cigarette use during pregnancy is rare. Understanding the positive and negative impacts of pre–natal e-cigarette use on women’s health may guide public health messaging campaigns.

Implications
Results showed that past 30-day e-cigarette use during pregnancy was low, with cigarette smoking remaining the most prevalent form of tobacco use during pregnancy. Current e-cigarette use during pregnancy used either exclusively or with another tobacco product, was not associated with increased risk of an adverse pregnancy, or birth outcome. A small sample size of e-cigarette users and limited information on quantity and frequency of e-cigarette use before and during pregnancy may limit conclusions. Healthcare providers may use this information when discussing the harms and consequences associated with e-cigarette and tobacco use during pregnancy.
Stress, effort, and incentives at work
Authors: Cottini Elena , Ghinetti Paolo , Iossa Elisabetta , Sacco Pierluigi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn extensive medical and occupational-health literature finds that an imbalance between effort and reward is an important stressor which produces serious health consequences. We incorporate these effects in a simple agency model with moral hazard and limited liability and study the impact on agents’ effort and utility, as well as incentive pay provision, assuming agents differ in stress susceptibility. We test main model’s implications using the 2015 wave of the European Working Condition Survey. We find that individuals who are more susceptible to stress work harder and have lower subjective well-being. The likelihood of receiving incentive pay is not monotone in stress susceptibility.
Achievement and Meaning in Life
Authors: Bradford Gwen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Achievements play a key role in many accounts of meaning in life. What characterizes projects that are the best sources of objective worth and meaning? A natural thought is that the achievements that are the most objectively worthwhile and therefore the most significant for meaning are those that accomplish some great good, but John Stuart Mill’s crisis, recounted in his autobiography, casts doubt on this thought: imagining the completion of his life’s goals robs them of their meaningfulness to him. It has been suggested that the most meaningful projects have goals we cannot imagine completing. This chapter gives an account of the structure of the projects that can be the richest source of meaning, and explains why that is so: projects with self-propagating goals involve the pursuit of continued challenge, which activates the value-theoretic principle of recursion, yielding a rich and potentially unending source of value and meaning.
Relational Inequality and the Structures that
Disadvantage
Authors: Maroto Michelle , Pettinicchio David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This chapter reviews the different dimensions of disadvantage associated with disability while emphasizing the social structures that create and maintain such disadvantages. It reviews quantitative research demonstrating disadvantage in education, employment, income, wealth, and economic security, while noting the drawbacks of deficit accounts that fail to consider the structural dimensions of inequality. Drawing on relational inequality theory, the chapter discusses how ableism, as an institution, supports the unequal distribution of status, resources, and opportunities around disability. It then provides examples of how ableism leads to disparities in higher education, employment, and wealth among people with disabilities, while also emphasizing potential paths for change within these organizations.
Prioritarianism and Population Ethics
Authors: Holtug Nils 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Roughly stated, prioritarianism is the view that we should give priority to the worse off in the distribution of welfare. Like other distributive principles, it struggles with coming up with plausible judgments in the sphere of population ethics. Thus, prioritarians may either hold that prioritarianism applies to different-number comparisons of outcomes or that it does not. If the former, this has various counterintuitive implications, not least that prioritarianism implies not only the Repugnant Conclusion, but also what has been labeled the Super-Repugnant Conclusion, according to which an outcome, A, may be better than another, B, even though people have excellent lives in B and lives only barely worth living in A and B hold a higher total of benefits. If the latter, prioritarianism is a seriously incomplete distributive principle. In this chapter, these implications are considered as well as various ways in which prioritarians may attempt to avoid problematic conclusions in population ethics. These attempts include adopting a person-affecting account of morality, adopting an average or critical-level prioritarian function, and appealing to value incomparability. Finally, it is considered whether prioritarianism is less plausible than, for example, total utilitarianism in the sphere of population ethics. Thus while, unlike utilitarianism, prioritarianism may imply the Super-Repugnant Conclusion, it may seem more plausible than the former principle when it comes to, for example, the negative Repugnant Conclusion (which deals with negative welfare) and the so-called asymmetry.