bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Compare the Effects of two Pelvic Floor Muscle Treatments on Quality of Life and Sexual Function in Female Patients With Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Wang Yiqun , Chen Weihong , Li Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAdjuncts used clinically to improve the efficacy of Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) include electromyographic biofeedback (EB) and electrical stimulation (ES).AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PFMT on patients' quality of life and sexual function in UI treatment. Different PFMT with different EB + ES treatments were designed in this study. In order to distinguish between 10 minutes of electrical stimulation at the beginning of PFMT treatment to fully arouse the patient's body response and then Kegel training, or one electric stimulation and a Kegel action, which is better. For this purpose, we designed two different treatment groups: 10ES-20EB and 15ES-15EB.Whether changing pelvic floor treatment regimen can better improve quality of life and sexual function in female patients with urinary incontinence?MethodsPatients diagnosed urinary incontinence (UI) were from January 2020 to April 2021 at our Hospital, Jiangsu Province.OutcomePrimary outcome including I-QOL and PISQ-12, and secondary outcome including measurements of pelvic floor musculature by glazer method were compared before and after treatment in both groups.Results78 patients were enrolled including 37 cases in 10ES-20EB group and 41 in 15ES-15EB group. Both groups made similar gains in quality of life and sexual function.There was no statistical difference between the two groups in Glazer total score and I-QOL and PISQ-12 questionnaire results. However, 15ES-15EB significantly improved the flick contractions average peak more than the 10ES-20EBgroup(P &lt; 0.05).Clinical ImplicationsPelvic floor muscle training is a commonly recommended physical therapy treatment that has been shown to improve the outcome of UI, Comparison of the main observation indicators I-QOL and PISQ-12 before and after treatment between the two groups have good clinical significanceStrengths and LimitationsThe sample is single, the sample size is small, and the participating patients are all from the same hospital.ConclusionsThese two different pelvic floor muscle treatment (10ES-20EB and 15ES-15EB)were examined and found to may improve the quality of life and sexual function of women with UI.
Genetic detection of congenital heart disease
Authors: Rachamadugu Sumathi I. , Miller Kristen A. , Lee Ina H. , Zou Ying S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly and is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Besides the epigenetic and environmental basis of CHD, genetics plays a central role in CHD pathogenesis. Traditional genetic testing strategies including conventional chromosome analysis, fluorescencein situhybridization, and Sanger sequencing have largely focused on syndromic CHD or selected CHD phenotypes that are strongly associated with a particular genotype. The landscape of clinical genetic testing in CHD is rapidly evolving due to technical advances in genetic testing, including the identification of copy number variants by chromosomal microarray and nucleotide level alterations/variants by next-generation sequencing (NGS), which are essential to detect genetic causes of CHD and identify associations between genotypes and longitudinal clinical phenotypes. Whole-exome and whole-genome NGS not only reveal pathogenic variants in CHD genes, but also identify non-coding variants that influence the expression of CHD genes. Given the increasing availability and cost-effectiveness of clinical NGS to provide information on the causes of CHD and to detect incidental findings that are clinically actionable, the guidance of genetic counselors or experienced clinicians is essential. The identification of definitive causal CHD variants influences patient care and helps to inform the risk of recurrence, prenatal genetic counseling, and pre-implantation testing for the family of a CHD infant and adults with repaired/palliated CHD. Prenatally, circulating cell-free DNA screening as a non-invasive approach is available as early as 9 weeks of gestation and can screen for the common aneuploidies, which may underlie CHD. In this review, we present past and recent genetic testing in CHD based on our increased understanding of the pathogenesis of CHD along with current challenges with the interpretation ofde novogenetic variants. Identification of a genetic diagnosis can help to predict and potentially improve clinical outcomes in CHD patients.
The Deepening Politics of Fragmentation in Uganda: Understanding Violence in the Rwenzori Region
Authors: Khisa Moses , Rwengabo Sabastian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn November 2016, Uganda’s armed forces raided the Rwenzururu kingdom palace in Kasese Municipality, arresting and detaining the king and other kingdom officials on treason and other charges. This was the climax to a puzzling wave of violence that was then unfolding in the Rwenzori Region. We consider this violence an unintended consequence of the deepening politics of fragmentation, which takes two forms: “kingdomization” and “districtization.” Through fragmentation, Uganda’s ruling elites seek to weaken subnational concentrations of power, resources, and legitimacy wielded by otherwise coalesced, potentially strong, subnational authority structures and sociopolitical groups. Fragmentation fractures preexisting intra-regional unity, generates new conflicts, and reopens old wounds, leading to violent encounters at the sub-national level, between regional sub-groups, and with the central state. This unfolding of violent encounters involving both state and non-state actors has important ramifications for managing national security within socially fragile contexts and a politically fragmented polity.
Assessment of clinical continuity strategies offered by dual-degree training programs in the USA
Authors: Spellicy Samantha E. , Mannon Elinor C. , Iness Audra N. , Erickson Hanna L. , Camacho Mariam B. , Banerjee Abhik , Liu Jillian , Adami Alex , Weintraub Neal L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
Integration of clinical skills during graduate training in dual-degree programs remains a challenge. The present study investigated the availability and self-perceived efficacy of clinical continuity strategies for dual-degree trainees preparing for clinical training.

Methods:
Survey participants were MD/DO-PhD students enrolled in dual-degree-granting institutions in the USA. The response rate was 95% of 73 unique institutions surveyed, representing 56% of the 124 MD-PhD and 7 DO-PhD recognized training programs. Respondents were asked to indicate the availability and self-perceived efficacy of each strategy.

Results:
Reported available clinical continuity strategies included clinical volunteering (95.6%), medical grand rounds (86.9%), mentored clinical experiences (84.2%), standardized patients/ practice Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) (70.3%), clinical case reviews (45.9%), clinical journal clubs (38.3%), and preclinical courses/review sessions (37.2%). Trainees rated standardized patients (µ = 6.98 ± 0.356), mentored clinical experiences (µ = 6.94 ± 0.301), clinical skills review sessions (µ = 6.89 ± 0.384), preclinical courses/review sessions (µ = 6.74 ± 0.482), and clinical volunteering (µ = 6.60 ± 0.369), significantly (p < 0.050) higher than clinical case review (µ = 5.34 ± 0.412), clinical journal club (µ = 4.75 ± 0.498), and medicine grand rounds (µ = 4.45 ± 0.377). Further, 84.4% of respondents stated they would be willing to devote at least 0.5–1 hour per week to clinical continuity opportunities during graduate training.

Conclusion:
Less than half of the institutions surveyed offered strategies perceived as the most efficacious in preparing trainees for clinical reentry, such as clinical skills review sessions. Broader implementation of these strategies could help better prepare dual-degree students for their return to clinical training.
The Actual Status of Hospitals as COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics in China and Safety Monitoring of Inactivated Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Mei-quan , Huang Mei-zheng , Lin Gao-min 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background:
The outbreak has had a devastating impact, and efforts are underway to speed up vaccination. The study’s objective was to describe the clinical characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination clinic in the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province, China. Meanwhile, we monitored all the vaccine recipients to evaluate adverse reactions.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done at the COVID-19 Vaccination Clinic, the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province, China. We systematically collected Clinical data from the COVID-19 vaccination clinic between March 11 and November 11, 2021, including the type of vaccine, number of doses, gender, age, educational level, occupational category, adverse reactions, etc. Investigators will contact vaccine recipients by means of phone call or WeChat message to record the negative responses. Last, this report covers data through 8 mo, so it will be better to Evaluate the Safety of 2 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines from China (BBIBP-CorV [Beijing Institute of Biological Products, Beijing, China] and CoronaVac [Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China]).

Results:
The results indicated that the Second People’s Hospital of Fujian Province received a total of 64,602 COVID-19 vaccines from March 11 to November 11, 2021, including 34,331 (53.14%) first doses, 29,245 (45.27%) second doses, and 1026 (1.59%) third doses. This study found the highest proportion in other personnel (38.69% at the first dose, 38.75% at the second dose, and 2.44% at the third dose), who were mainly retirees. People with higher levels of education are more likely to be vaccinated against COVID-19 during the early stages of vaccine rollout. In terms of age stratification, the highest proportion was found among people aged 18-49 (BBIBP-CorV: first dose 61%, second dose 62.6%, and third dose 76.8%; CoronaVac: first dose 66.1%, double dose 63.6%, and third dose 75.5%), followed by those over 60. The common adverse reactions were mainly local and systemic, and there were some differences between the 2 inactivated vaccines (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This is the first study to analyze the actual status of hospitals as COVID-19 vaccination clinics in China. The hospital has focused on vaccinating citizens and the initial rollout of vaccines to ensure any safety issues are identified. More citizens are willing to vaccinate in hospitals because of the uncertain safety of the available vaccines and adverse reactions. The good news is that vaccine-related severe adverse events have not been found in the hospital vaccination clinic. The Safety of BBIBP-CorV and CoronaVac is relatively high.
Deconstructing corporate activism: a consumer approach
Authors: Villagra Nuria , Sanchez Joaquin , Clemente Jorge , Pintado Teresa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDefending social and political positions other than those that a company's clients might support has always been an avoidable risk. However, this practice, called ‘corporate activism,’ has gradually been integrated into the strategies of organizations. The object of this work is thus to understand the antecedents of corporate activism from the consumer's point of view. To understand this, we carry out structural equation modeling (SEM) based on a sample of 1,521 consumers. The results demonstrate that: (i) institutional credibility, corporate credibility, and authenticity act as antecedents of corporate activism; (ii) corporate credibility has a positive influence on corporate activism, while institutional credibility has a negative impact. These findings represent an interesting and novel contribution that helps to understand how these types of high-risk strategies should be adopted. The application of these results could enable companies to determine the conditions that favor a positive evaluation of corporative activism by consumers and avoid the use of such strategies in less favorable situations.
Determinants of nutritional status among old age population in eastern Ethiopia: a general linear model approach
Authors: Derbie Liyu , Oumer Abdu , Ayele Ketema , Berhane Anteneh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As the world's aging population grows, nutrition and health issues are becoming a major concern. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with nutritional status among old age population. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 739 elders over the age of 60 in Dire Dawa City administration, eastern Ethiopia. The validated full mini nutritional assessment tool and appetite test (SNAQ) was used to assess the nutritional status of the study population. Considering the ranked nature of the data, a bivariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression model (under the generalised linear model) was conducted, with crude and adjusted odds ratios reported along with 95 % confidence intervals. Statistically significant associations are declared at P-value less than 0⋅05. In this study, 22 % (95 % CI: 19 %, 25 %) of elders were malnourished. Participants with >75 years old (AOR 4⋅95; 95 % CI 1⋅54, 8⋅4), being female (AOR 1⋅6; 95 % CI 1⋅1, 2⋅2), illiterate (AOR 1⋅5; 95 % CI 1⋅01, 2⋅2), severe depression (AOR 13⋅9; 95 % CI 8⋅2, 23⋅7) and with poor appetite (AOR 3⋅3; 95 % CI 2⋅3, 4⋅8) were important predictors of malnutrition among older age group. We found that the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition is a public health concern that warrants intervention in the area. Advanced age, illiteracy, depression and poor appetite were important risk factors for malnutrition among older age group. The identified risk factors will guide public health professionals and programmes in the design, implementation of interventions to improve the nutritional status of older age group.
“Victims of Democracy” or “Enemies at the Gates”? Russian Discourses on the European “Refugee Crisis”
Authors: Moen-Larsen Natalia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith over one million people arriving in Europe as refugees, the UN Refugee Agency declared 2015 “the year of Europe’s refugee crisis.” This article explores the meaning-making process surrounding the “refugee crisis” in a Russian context, using discourse theory to analyze representations of refugees, Russia, and the West in opinion pieces and interview articles in three major Russian newspapers. In addition to the humanitarian and security discourses presented in existing studies, I identify a geopolitical discourse that represents refugees as victims of interventionism and democratization processes that the West has promoted in the Middle East and North Africa. More generally, this study adds to the literature on discursive construction of identity and difference.
Anti-Immigration Attitudes in Contemporary Polish Society: A Story of Double Standards?
Authors: Thérová Lenka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFrom 2015 up until the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Polish citizens have undergone a major decline in their willingness to allow foreigners to reside in Poland. The following text empirically investigates whether antipathy to newcomers is driven more by cultural or economic concerns, and what role the ethnicity of immigrants plays in this antagonism. The findings suggest that the ethnicity of immigrants is significant in both the salience of the expressed hostility and in the importance given to individual factors. When considering the acceptance of immigrants of different ethnicity, Poles are most concerned about preserving their national culture, whereas worries about the burden on the national economy are uppermost when considering ethnically similar newcomers. Antipathy against ethnically similar immigrants is also much weaker than against those of different ethnicity. The over-time comparison tells us that support for the government, religiosity, and opposition to universalism values became the most important predictors of restrictionism after 2015. We assume that the increase in anti-immigration attitudes was not that much caused by the unprecedented wave of immigration, but rather by the rule of the nationalist-conservative government which politicized the issue of non-European migration and contributed to the change of public discourse.
Constructing a New Measure of Macropartisanship Disaggregated by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Dyck Joshua J. , Johnson Gregg B. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMacropartisanship is a measure of aggregate trends in party identification in the mass public that allows researchers to track partisanship dynamically. In previous research, macropartisanship was found to vary in concert with major political events and forces like presidential approval and the economy. However, studying macropartisanship as an aggregate trend assumes that group dynamics within the measure are equivalent. We present a series of new measures of macropartisanship using Stimson’s (2018) dyad ratio approach disaggregated by race and ethnicity. We detail the creation of measures for White, Latino, and Black macropartisanship from 1983 to 2016 using more than 500 surveys from CBS News and CBS/New York Times. The resulting data collection is publicly available and can be downloaded in monthly, quarterly, or yearly format. Our initial analysis of these data show that thinking about macropartisanship as a single aggregate measure masks important and significant variation in our understanding of party identification. Change in the measures are uncorrelated. Latino macropartisanship is more volatile and responds more to economic conditions, Black macropartisanship is very stable and has become more Democratic in response to increased polarization, while White macropartisanship has become less responsive to economic conditions as has become more Republican as Republicans have moved to the right.
Lifetime and point prevalence of psychotic symptoms in adults with bipolar disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aminoff S. R. , Onyeka I. N. , Ødegaard M. , Simonsen C. , Lagerberg T. V. , Andreassen O. A. , Romm K. L. , Melle I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsychotic symptoms, that we defined as delusions or hallucinations, are common in bipolar disorders (BD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise the literature on both lifetime and point prevalence rates of psychotic symptoms across different BD subtypes, including both BD type I (BDI) and BD type II (BDII). We performed a systematic search of Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane Library until 5 August 2021. Fifty-four studies (N= 23 461) of adults with BD met the predefined inclusion criteria for evaluating lifetime prevalence, and 24 studies (N= 6480) for evaluating point prevalence. Quality assessment and assessment of publication bias were performed. Prevalence rates were calculated using random effects meta-analysis, here expressed as percentages with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In studies of at least moderate quality, the pooled lifetime prevalence of psychotic symptoms in BDI was 63% (95% CI 57.5–68) and 22% (95% CI 14–33) in BDII. For BDI inpatients, the pooled lifetime prevalence was 71% (95% CI 61–79). There were no studies of community samples or inpatient BDII. The pooled point prevalence of psychotic symptoms in BDI was 54% (95 CI 41–67). The point prevalence was 57% (95% CI 47–66) in manic episodes and 13% (95% CI 7–23.5) in depressive episodes. There were not enough studies in BDII, BDI depression, mixed episodes and outpatient BDI. The pooled prevalence of psychotic symptoms in BDI may be higher than previously reported. More studies are needed for depressive and mixed episodes and community samples.Prospero registration number: CRD 42017052706.
The U.S. Supreme Court Is Not a Dahlian Court
Authors: Baumgardner Paul , TerBeek Calvin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRobert Dahl's “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker” has long enjoyed pride of place within American politics scholarship, especially among regime theorists. However, Dahl's views of the U.S. Supreme Court are no longer defensible. It is essential for our field to move beyond “Decision-Making in a Democracy” in order to better theorize and explain the modern Supreme Court.
Partnership and Personalisation in Personal Care: Conflicts and Compromises
Authors: Rummery Kirstein , Lawrence Julia , Russell Siabhainn 
Published: August 2022

Background:Personalisation in social care services has become a feature of the delivery of long-term care for disabled people in many developed welfare states.Aim:Scotland has used the devolution of health and social care powers to develop a personalisation scheme (known as ‘Self-directed Support’). The authors apply a theoretical and empirical framework to understand the experience of contemporary disabled users of personalised services.Methods:The authors use a Scottish data set of six focus groups and a survey of 126 disabled people and family carers.Results:The data showed that flexible funding and the ability to provide services that cross agency boundaries were instrumental in moving towards equitable outcomes.Conclusions:Although there are clear policy and practice barriers to inter-agency working in personalised care services, the evidence suggests that it is worth investing in overcoming these barriers for disabled people and family carers.
Sensitivity of nonresistant winter wheat to quizalofop-P-ethyl in central Oklahoma and Kansas
Authors: Childers J. Tanner , Manuchehri Misha R. , Kumar Vipan , Ochsner Tyson E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe CoAXium® Production System includes a new herbicide-resistant wheat (AXigen®) that allows for fall and/or spring postemergence (POST) applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl (QPE) for control of winter annual grass weeds. As area planted with AXigen® wheat increases, so will the use of QPE herbicide, and with this comes an increased chance for physical drift, tank contamination, or misapplication to nearby sensitive plants. A total of eight field studies were conducted at four locations during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 growing seasons to understand the response of nonresistant wheat when exposed to various rates of QPE herbicide. Five rates of QPE were evaluated: 1× (92 g ai ha−1), 1/10×, 1/50×, 1/100×, and 1/200×. Treatments of QPE were applied in the fall (2- to 3-leaf wheat) or in the spring (3- to 4-tiller wheat). Results indicated an interaction between application timing and QPE rate on grain yield for half of the site-years. The 1× rate resulted in complete or near complete grain yield loss regardless of application timing. However, QPE at the 1/10× rate resulted in yield loss ranging from 0% to 41% when fall-applied, whereas spring application resulted in 80% to 100% yield loss. For site-years when only the main effect of QPE rate was significant, 86% to 100% yield loss was observed following exposure to QPE at the 1/10× and 1× rates. For all site-years, it was infrequent that significant yield reductions were observed following the three lowest rates of QPE. If the two highest QPE rates were considered to represent tank contamination or misapplication and the three lowest rates physical drift, we can assume that physical drift of QPE to non-AXigen® wheat is not of major concern if proper application guidelines are followed. Conversely, tank contamination and misapplication should be carefully considered by growers who have planted both AXigen® and non-AXigen® wheat varieties.