bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Van der Waals Assembled Solution‐Processed Organic Monolayer Single‐Crystal Transistor for Electrocardiograph Sensing
Authors: He Zhenfei , Dai Derek Shui Hong Siddhartha , Chen Ming , Zou Deng , Chik Gary Kwok Ki , Rafael Rémi , Lee Kin Hang , Piao Yingzhe , Zhang Shiming , Cheng Xing , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSolution‐processed organic semiconductors (OSCs) promote the development of the next generation of large‐area, low‐cost flexible electronics. To date, the properties of the flexible substrates such as chemical compatibility, roughness, and surface energy are still big challenges for the solution process, especially for high‐performance ultrathin monolayer OSCs. Herein, van der Waals assembled organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with layer‐by‐layer lamination processes are reported. The active layer is an ultrathin single molecular layer 2,9‐Didecyldinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (C10‐DNTT) which maintains decent electrical fidelity with mobility of 10.4 cm2 V–1 s–1 after transfer. With the active layer transfer technique, the bias stability of OFETs can be significantly improved by tuning diverse hydrophobic self‐assembly monolayers (SAMs) onto the dielectric which is a challenging task before the solution processing organic monolayer. A small subthreshold swing (SS) of 63 mV decade−1 is achieved by low surface energy phosphonic acid SAMs on high‐κ AlOx dielectric. We further demonstrate a high‐gain organic inverter amplifier that can be powered up by a coin cell on the 1.5 μm conformal parylene substrate and apply it for high‐resolution electrocardiograph (ECG) sensing. The ECG sensors can provide a signal‐to‐noise ratio as high as 34 dB. It is believed that our device demonstrates the prospect of continuous monitoring for human health management.
Engineering of Biodegradable and Excretable Inflammation‐Resolving Materials
Authors: Wu Peng , Gao Mingjie , Zhang Chunfan , Li Chenwen , Li Gang , Yan Xinhao , Lai Xiaodan , Zhang Yang , Zhang Jianxiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUncontrolled or chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of many acute/chronic diseases, such as acute organ injury, COVID‐19, and atherosclerosis. Intrinsically bioactive materials are promising for regulating the response magnitude and duration of inflammation, but their translation remains challenging. Herein, the engineering of a series of inflammation‐resolving materials by rationally integrating different functional modules into a hydrolyzable scaffold is reported. The obtained functional materials can assemble into potent anti‐inflammatory micelles capable of eliminating different types of reactive oxygen species, releasing bioactive molecules, and simultaneously hydrolyzing into water‐soluble and excretable compounds. Cellularly, these micelles effectively inhibit the migration, activation, and production of molecular mediators in inflammatory cells. Benefiting from the small size and high bioactivity, the developed micelles efficiently accumulate in the kidneys of mice with acute kidney injury (AKI) and efficaciously alleviate AKI. Bioactive micelles also demonstrate desirable targeting and superior efficacies in mice with acute liver failure. Mechanistically, inhibition of oxidative damage, attenuation of inflammatory cell infiltration and activation, and promoting resolution of inflammation mainly account for beneficial therapeutic effects of micelles. Moreover, preliminary studies reveal the excellent safety of micelles. Consequently, the bioactive materials represent a new type of efficacious, safe, scalable, and affordable therapy for a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases.
Graphene‐Based Textiles for Thermal Management and Flame Retardancy
Authors: Ge Qi , Chu Jingwen , Cao Weiqi , Yi Fenglian , Ran Zhou , Jin Zhan , Mao Boyang , Li Zheling , Novoselov Kostya S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTextile thermoregulation and thermal protection are crucial for human health and safety. Individual thermophysiological comfort control and flame retardancy are lacking in traditional garments. Novel nanomaterial innovations have solved these limitations and have facilitated the development of next‐generation intelligent textiles. Smart textiles based on graphene and graphene derivatives material have attracted substantial attention owing to its superior electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and flexibility. This review provides an overview of the current progress on the smart textiles using graphene and graphene derivative material with a focus on personal thermal management and flame retardancy. It covers mechanics, material developments, fabric designs, and on‐body applications, offering a comprehensive knowledge and scope of the entire area. Innovations in chemistry and materials with worldwide collaboration will push the frontiers of graphene‐based smart textiles, promoting the development of genuine commercial goods on the market.
Bionic Regulators Break the Ecological Niche of Pathogenic Bacteria for Modulating Dysregulated Microbiome in Colitis
Authors: Yang Jiali , Zhang Guizhen , Peng Mengyun , Tan Shaochong , Ge Shengchan , Yang Xinyuan , Liang Yan , Wen Zhiyang , Xie Li , Zhou Tonghai , Wu Sixuan , An Jingyi , Wang Yifei , Liu Wei , Zhang Kaixiang , Zhang Zhenzhong , Liu Junjie , Shi Jinjin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTherapeutic approaches that reprogram the gut microbiome are promising strategies to alleviate and cure inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, abnormal expansion of Escherichia coli during inflammation can promote pathogenic bacteria occupying ecological niches to resist reprogramming of the microbiome. Herein, a bionic regulator (CaWO4@YCW) is developed to efficiently and precisely regulate the gut microbiome by specifically suppressing the abnormal expansion of E. coli during colitis and boosting probiotic growth. Inspired by the binding of E. coli strains to the mannose‐rich yeast cell wall (YCW), YCW is chosen as the bionic shell to encapsulate CaWO4. It is demonstrated that the YCW shell endows CaWO4 with superior resistance to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and adheres to the abnormally expanded E. coli in colitis, specifically as a positioner. Notably, the high expression of calprotectin at the colitis site triggers the release of tungsten ions through calcium deprivation in CaWO4, thus inhibiting E. coli growth by replacing molybdenum in the molybdopterin cofactor. Moreover, YCW functions as a prebiotic and promotes probiotic growth. Consequently, CaWO4@YCW can efficiently and precisely reprogram the gut microbiome by eliminating pathogenic bacteria and providing prebiotics, resulting in an extraordinary therapeutic advantage for DSS‐induced colitis.
Probing the Electrochemical Li Insertion–Extraction Mechanism in Sputtered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Thin Film Cathode for Li‐Ion Microbattery
Authors: Bhatia Ankush , Leviel Clement , Hallot Maxime , Pereira‐Ramos Jean‐Pierre , Lethien Christophe , Roussel Pascal , Baddour‐Hadjean Rita 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to its great theoretical capacity (147 mAh g−1) and high operating potential (4.7 V vs Li+/Li), Co‐free spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is one of the most promising thin film cathodes allowing designing Li‐ion micro‐batteries with a high specific energy. In this work, the Li extraction–insertion mechanism in sputtered LNMO thin films is investigated by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy during the first electrochemical cycle. A one‐step phase transition involving two cubic phases is revealed, consisting of a wide solid solution region (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 1 in LixNMO) and a narrow biphasic domain (0 < x ≤ 0.3). Remarkably, significant variations are observed in the Raman spectra, which are linked to the activity of the Ni redox system at 4.7 V. It is demonstrated that an appropriate analysis of the bands corresponding to pure Ni–O stretching modes leads to an accurate estimation of the electrode states of charge and depth of discharge, which opens the way for a reliable quantification of the self‐discharge phenomenon. The mechanism of Li extraction insertion here pictured for the first time for LNMO thin layers is consistent with their disordered nature and accounts for their good electrochemical performance.
High‐Performance Photoresponse in Ferroelectric d1T‐MoTe2‐Based Vertical Photodetectors
Authors: Park Jae Woo , Jung Ye Seul , Park Sung Hyun , Choi Heon‐Jin , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhotodetectors based on 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are actively investigated to find promising structures with competitive photoresponsivity. Here, a ferroelectric TMD‐based vertical photodetector with asymmetric graphene contacts is proposed, which is modulated with a poling field for controlled built‐in potentials. Thus far, no device is reported, which combines the ferroelectricity of a 2D TMD for an ideal built‐in potential with a vertical structure to reduce the channel length. A ferroelectric phase is obtained in 2D molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) by intensive laser irradiation, which transforms the 2H‐MoTe2 phase to distorted 1T (d1T)‐MoTe2. The subsequent poling of d1T‐MoTe2 with −8 V bias results in a photoresponsivity of ≈853 A W–1 under 532 nm illumination at zero gate voltage, which is nearly ≈4.5 times higher than that of the 2H‐MoTe2‐based reference. The achieved photoresponsivity is the best value thus far compared to the reported values for 2D MoTe2‐based UV–vis photodetectors. The origin of these enhancements is discussed in terms of changes in built‐in potential at the junctions with asymmetric graphene layers based on the adjusted band alignments driven by the poling field.
Local Charge Transport at the Interface of Semiconductor and Charge Transport Mediator
Authors: Zhang Zemin , Lindley Sarah A. , Chen Tao , Cheng Xu , Xie Erqing , Han Weihua , Toma Francesca M. , Cooper Jason K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCharge transport mediators are commonly used in photoelectronic devices to promote selective charge transport and mitigate carrier losses. However, related investigations are mainly carried out by the trial‐and‐error method, and a deeper understanding of its local charge transport behavior is still lacking. Herein, a comprehensive study is performed on a BiVO4/Ti3C2 photoanode to reveal its local charge transport properties by combing microprobe technologies and numerical computations. For the first time, a nano‐Schottky junction is directly shown at the BiVO4/Ti3C2 interface and the band bending is quantified with promoted hole transport and prolonged photocarrier's lifetime. These mechanistic insights leverage a path to further optimize performance through interface engineering and achieve a photocurrent of 5.38 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. This work provides deeper insight into the function of charge transport mediators in view of interface contact rather than material nature and demonstrates a strategy to improve photoelectrochemical performance through Fermi‐level engineering.
High‐κ and High‐Temperature Dipolar Glass Polymers Based on Sulfonylated and Cyanolated Poly(Arylene Ether)s for Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Wen , Ju Tianxiong , Li Ruipeng , Duan Yajun , Duan Yanan , Wei Junji , Zhu Lei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh energy density, high temperature, and low loss dielectric polymers have drawn increasing attention in research owing to their potential applications in power electronic and pulsed power devices. In this study, a new class of organo‐soluble dipolar glass polymers (DGPs) are synthesized via polycondensation and post‐functionalization of poly(aryl ether)s (PAEs) based on phenolphthalin. Due to the nonplanar backbone structure, the strongly dipolar side groups (‐SO2CH3 and ‐CH2CH2CN) can easily rotate in these PAEs. As a result, desirable physical properties are obtained: high dielectric constant (4.4–5.6), high glass transition temperature (155–180 °C), good mechanical property, and low dielectric loss (dissipation factor < 0.005). Among them, cyanolized poly(aryl ether nitrile) exhibit the highest discharged energy density of 8.6 J cm−3 at 650 MV m−1 and room temperature with a high discharged efficiency of 94.3%. At 100 °C, cyanolized poly(ether ether ketone) shows the highest discharged energy density of 7.3 J cm−3 at 600 MV m−1 with a discharged efficiency of 91%. Furthermore, these functionalized PAEs exhibit good mechanical toughness with a tensile strength at a break of 60‐120 MPa and elongation at a break of ≈5%. Based on their thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties, these phenolphthalin‐based PAEs are promising for potential applications such as film capacitors.
Sensitive Detection of Alcohol Isomers by Ionically Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Shiqi , Lu Yang , Zhang Junyao , Zhang Xuan , Huang Jia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlcohols are an important class of organic compounds with many isomers, which play a crucial role in different applications. It is meaningful to develop a convenient method to identify the specific alcohol. However, compact sensors capable of distinguishing different alcohols are still challenging. In this work, utilizing metal ions as charge carriers, capacitive alcohol sensors on the basis of Co‐5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin ionically conductive metal‐organic frameworks (IC‐MOFs) are applied to sense various alcohols and obtain diverse responses for the first time, which can distinguish methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol. Besides, the devices show fast sensing speed with a t90 response time around 3 s. After 60 days of storage test under ambient atmosphere, the devices exhibit remarkable stability with negligible change in the sensing response. Furthermore, the sensors show interesting potential through a demonstration, in which the devices can detect 1% methanol doped in vodka. The results provide a new approach to detect different alcohols and corresponding isomers quickly and make IC‐MOF sensors competitive candidates in chemical sensing.
Seeding rate effect on winter malting barley yield and quality
Authors: McGlinch Gregory J. , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGrowth in the craft brewing industry has increased the demand for locally sourced malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain in the Eastern United States. However, most malting barley seeding rate recommendations are from the Northern Great Plains, the Pacific Northwest, and Western Canada. Therefore, seeding rate research was needed in the humid growing environment of the Eastern United States. The objective of this research was to identify the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) where grain yield is maximized, and identify the seeding rate that met or exceeded grain quality parameters. An experiment with five seeding rate treatments ranging from 1.9 to 6.2 million seeds ha–1 was established at eight site‐years in Ohio. Under normal growing conditions, the AOSR was 3.8–6.2 million seeds ha–1 (average 4.5 million seeds ha–1). When plants experienced winter injury, the AOSR was greater at 5.3–5.4 million seeds ha–1. Grain quality parameters of protein, germination, and deoxynivalenol all tended to improve with increasing seeding rate. Seeding rates of 4.5–4.7 million seeds ha–1 should maximize yield most years while meeting grain quality parameters. However, regions that experience winter temperatures <15°C without snow coverage should increase seeding rates due to increased chance of winter injury reducing plant stand.
Genotype selection for fiber quality traits in cotton in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Paulo de , Farias Francisco José Correa , Santos Regimar Garcia dos , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe search for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes gathering high yield and fiber quality is the main objective of breeding programs. The objectives of this study were: (a) to verify which effects contribute the largest fraction of the total phenotypic variance of cotton fiber quality traits and (b) to recommend the best genotypes for these traits. Eight competition trials of cotton cultivars were carried out between the 2017 and 2019 seasons. Field trials were carried out in Alagoinha (crops seasons 2017, 2018, and 2019) and Barbalha (2017 and 2018) in a randomized block design with three repetitions. Fifteen genotypes developed by the cotton plant breeding program of Embrapa Algodão were evaluated. The following fiber quality traits were evaluated: fiber percentage (FP), average boll weight (BW), upper‐half mean length, fiber uniformity (UNIF), short fiber index (SFI), fiber strength (STR), elongation (ELG), micronaire (MIC), and fiber maturity. Genotypic values (GVs) for the evaluated traits were estimated. The total phenotypic variance of the fiber quality traits evaluated is mostly composed of genotypic effects. Only the traits FP, BW, and ELG showed significant genotypes × sites interaction. The genotype G1 has high GVs for the traits FP, BW, fiber length, and fiber uniformity. The G15 stood out by gathering high values for UNIF, SFI, and STR.
A readily available and efficient Pt/P25 (TiO2) catalyst for glycerol selective oxidation
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Xinyi , Yang Jiarui , Gao Mingyu , Yang Pengfei , Wang Qian , Li Dianqing , Feng Junting 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this work, a commercial P25 (TiO2) with phase junctions between (101) and (110) faces supported Pt catalyst was prepared for glycerol selective oxidation, giving a decent 76.8% glyceric acid (GLYA) yield, and good stability. The kinetic experiments calculated apparent activation energy, turnover frequency (TOF), and reaction rates, demonstrating Pt/P25 could facilitate glyceraldehyde (GLYAD) formation and inhibit GLYA over‐oxidation. Series of structural techniques confirmed the 101/110 junctions in P25 contributed electronic effect on Pt through metal‐support interface, which improved the oxygen activation ability and optimized the GLYAD/GLYA adsorption modes. Furthermore, progressive scale‐up reactions were tested and the mass transfer limitations under different conditions were thoroughly studied. The obtained mass transfer factors suggested the gas–liquid and liquid–solid mass transfer were severely limited. Finally, through optimizing the conditions, Pt/P25 catalyst achieved 75.8% GLYA yield at 300 ml‐scale reaction, realizing equivalent magnification with the 5 ml‐scale experiment.
Controllable Nonclassical Correlation by an Incoherent Pumping Field in a Λ‐Type Atom‐Cavity System
Authors: Guo Miao‐Di , Li Hai‐Feng , Shi Ming‐Xuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is important to generate stable nonclassical correlation and wide‐band quantum field in quantum optical communication. In this paper, a scheme is proposed to manipulate the nonclassical intensity correlation of two output fields by a coherent coupling laser and an incoherent pumping field. The core of the scheme is that the coherent field is applied to manipulate the intracavity polaritons, and the incoherent pumping field is used to control the linear absorption and the atomic coherence. With the incoherent field, atoms are repopulated on the excited state . It induces a wide‐band zero absorption of a probe field and the negative dispersion that can be used to realize a white‐light cavity. In addition, with the increasement of the incoherent pumping rate, the wide‐band maximum stable intensity correlation and the nonclassical field with sub‐Poissonian distribution are attained, which is verified by the evolution of the second‐order correlation of two output channels.
Bio‐based benzoxazine monomers and polymers based on difuran diamine
Authors: Yu Mengwen , Yadav Santosh K. , La Scala John J. , Palmese Giuseppe R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBenzoxazine monomers with high renewable content made from difuran diamine (DFDA) are presented. The benzoxazine monomers were synthesized by reacting DFDA with several bio‐based phenolic compounds and formaldehyde. These systems were purified by precipitation, and depending on composition, the resulting solid powders melt at temperatures ranging between 50 and 150°C to form low viscosity liquids that can be used to impregnate fiber reinforcements. Onset cure temperature varies depending on composition in the range of 150–240°C. The resulting polybenzoxazines have Tg's ranging from 240 to 300°C. It was found that the phenolic structure selected affects curing mechanisms of the DFDA‐based benzoxazines, Benzoxazines that have available ortho or para positions on the phenolic structures result in cure without mass loss. It was also found that adding furan rings into the backbone of the polybenzoxazine network provided the added benefit of char yield as high as 60%, as measured by thermalgravimetric analysis temperature ramps in an inert environment to 800°C. Compared with benzene‐ring‐based benzoxazine counterparts, furan‐based benzoxazines showed better thermal stability. In addition to promising processing and thermal characteristics useful for applications requiring high temperature and fire resistance, these materials contain high renewable content.
Evolving strategies in whirlwind mode: The changing face of anatomy education during Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ghosh Sanjib Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic stipulated adoption of unfamiliar strategies for delivering anatomy education in online mode. The factors which determine education strategies are variable across geographical regions. It was perceived that an overview of education strategies around the globe would be useful for anatomists. Hence this narrative review was undertaken to collate observations from different geographical regions pertaining to education strategies adopted during the pandemic. Data relevant to the topic of study were extracted from 12 articles that were selected from an initial pool of 317 articles based on search criteria set for the review. Subtle differences in core education strategies implied that baseline response from anatomists was similar across regions. It was evident that online digital tools were key elements of education strategies adopted by educators for delivering online anatomy classes across the globe. Interestingly, a considerable gap in terms of number and variety of online tools used for anatomy education (those requiring commercial purchase) was noted between economically developed and developing regions. This may have an impact on learning outcome for students and may even lead to variations in anatomical knowledge by regions. It was observed that offline human dissection sessions were incorporated into online practical classes in one region as positive cases showed a declining trend. This positive development is worth emulating elsewhere based on cautious assessment of prevailing situation. From a broad perspective timely introduction of education strategies ensured delivery of anatomy education during the pandemic and gave an evolved outlook to the fabric of anatomy education.