bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent-Adolescent Sexuality Communication in the African Context: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Agbeve Anthony Senanu , Fiaveh Daniel Yaw , Anto-Ocrah Martina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionYoung people constitute a critical mass in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA) yet lack adequate information on sexuality education essential for their health and development.ObjectivesGuided by two sociological perspectives on socialization, that is, structural functionalism and conflict perspective, our study had 2 aims: 1) to identify and analyze studies investigating parent-adolescent sexuality communication (ie, triggers/contents) and 2) to identify and discuss barriers to sexuality-related communication between parents and adolescents.MethodsThe scoping review was conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley framework and used PRISMA reporting guidelines for scoping reviews. We searched three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar) for relevant articles published in English in the last decade -2011 to 2021 and analyzed the data using a qualitative content analysis approach.ResultsA total of 1045 studies were identified. After abstract review, we identified 58 papers, and after full-text review, 16 studies were included in the final review. Aim 1a) Discussions of sexuality-related conversations were triggered by parents/caretakers due to pubertal/physical changes and adolescents’ "inapt" behaviors (eg, engaging in sex). Aim 1b) Our results showed that contents of sexuality education de-emphasized/avoided sensitive sexuality-related topics (such as condom use/contraception) that did not fit within the sociocultural norms/expectations, characterized by threats, cautions, and wrought with moralistic and religious views that evaded practical information regarding sex, contraception, and other critical sexual information. Aim 2: Two themes emerged as barriers that impede sexuality-related discussions, including whose responsibility it is to discuss sexuality-issues with adolescents and the gender differences/discordance of parent-adolescent dyads.ConclusionSexuality education for adolescents in SSA is not comprehensive due to structured power relations. Thus, parent-adolescent sexuality communication falls short of the value of sexuality education for young people for whom accurate and complete sexual health information is critical for making informed decisions as they emerge into adulthood.
Prostaglandins as a Topical Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Hamzehnejadi Mohammadsadegh , Tavakoli Marziye Ranjbar , Homayouni Fatemeh , Jahani Zahra , Rezaei Masoud , Langarizadeh Mohammad Amin , Forootanfar Hamid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is a substantial cause of dissatisfaction among many men. This discontentment has led to the emergence of various drug treatment options for this problem.ObjectivesUnfortunately, due to various interactions, contraindications, and side effects, systemic therapies such as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (including sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, avanafil, etc.) are not welcomed in many patients. These problems have led researchers to look for other ways to reduce these complications.MethodsThis article holistically reviews the efficacy of topical prostaglandins and their role in treating ED. We sought to provide a comprehensive overview of recent findings on the current topic by using the extensive literature search to identify the latest scientific reports on the topic.ResultsIn this regard, topical and transdermal treatments can be suitable alternatives. In diverse studies, prostaglandins, remarkably PGE1 (also known as alprostadil), have been suggested to be an acceptable candidate for topical treatment.ConclusionNumerous formulations of PGE1 have been used to treat patients so far. Still, in general, with the evolution of classical formulation methods toward modern techniques (such as using nanocarriers and skin permeability enhancers), the probability of treatment success also increases.
Certification considerations for the configuration of a hydrogen-fuelled aeroplane
Authors: Spencer R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractReplacing kerosene with hydrogen as a fuel for propelling aeroplanes will undoubtably have ramifications for the existing certification basis and the necessary means of compliance. What this paper attempts to do is explain how a future hydrogen-powered aeroplane could be certified and how this will influence the aircraft’s design. Emphasis has been placed on the safety of hydrogen with regards flammability, ignition energy, cryogenic states and crashworthiness. The influence of certification on a future hydrogen-fuelled aeroplane’s configuration has been established. Lessons learnt from rockets are limited in scope. Consideration of hydrogen’s cryogenic and ambient temperature properties has established some fundamental safety principles. Fuel system crashworthiness influence on certification has been examined. An explosion prevention certification scheme has been developed. It is proposed to exclude oxygen from the fuel system and avoid accumulation of leaked or permeated hydrogen from adjacent zones. Three generic hydrogen-fuelled configurations have been considered for certification: adapting conventional airliner design, hydrogen-electric (fuel cell) propulsion and an unconventional approach. Hydrogen as a safe gas turbine fuel has been examined in technical and environmental terms. Further experimental work to close knowledge gaps in the aviation use of hydrogen has been suggested. In conclusion the necessary changes to the certification basis are outlined. Comments as to what the configuration of a future hydrogen-fuelled aeroplane might look like are provided. These observations are based on analysis of hydrogen’s properties, the existing certification basis, knowledge gaps, and what Special Conditions and Acceptable Means of Compliance might emerge in a future design Type Certification.
Measuring the processes of interdisciplinary team collaboration: Creating valid measures using a many-facet Rasch model approach
Authors: Wang Jue , Ahn Soyeon , Morgan Susan E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The science of team science (SciTS) is an emerging research area that studies the processes and outcomes of team-based research. A well-established conceptual framework and appropriate methodology for examining the effectiveness of team science are critically important for promoting and advancing collaborative and interdisciplinary research. Although many instruments have been developed and used in the SciTS field, psychometric evidence has not been routinely assessed or reported for these scales. In addition, commonly used psychometric methods were mainly limited to internal consistency and factor analysis. To fill the gaps, this study introduces a framework based on Rasch measurement theory for creating and evaluating measures for team sciences.

Methods:
We illustrate the application of Rasch measurement theory through the creation of valid measures to evaluate the processes of interdisciplinary scientific teams. Data were collected from 16 interdisciplinary teams through a university-wide initiative for promoting interdisciplinary team collaboration. Psychometric evidence based on a many-facet Rasch model was obtained for assessing the quality of the measures.

Results:
The interdisciplinary teams differed in their clarity measures. Significant differences were also found between gender groups, racial groups, and academic ranks. We reported the reliability of measures and identified items that do not fit the model and may present potential threat to validity and fairness of SciTS measures.

Conclusion:
This study shows the great potential of using Rasch measurement theory for developing and evaluating SciTS measures. Applying Rasch measurement theory produces objective measures that are comparable across individuals, interdisciplinary teams, institutions, time, and various demographic groups.
Religious Freedom and the Ethos of Democracy in Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde -
Discussed: Religion, Law, and Democracy: Selected Writings. By Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 480. $65.00 (cloth); Oxford Scholarship Online by subscription (digital). ISBN: 9780198818632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.
Authors: Nicoletti Michele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccording to Böckenförde’s interpretation in his famous essay “The Rise of the State as a Process of Secularization” (1967), in the formation of modern statehood religious freedom and, more generally, freedom of conscience played a central role. It was “for love of such freedom” that the modern state set inviolable limits on the exercise of its own coercive force vis-à-vis citizens relying on its protection. Nobody may be forced through the coercive tools of political power to hold true something that they do not believe. This dynamic of freedom is further taken up in Böckenförde’s analysis of church history and theological traditions, as this essay demonstrates. The conception of religious freedom as a right of the human person, contained in the Second Vatican Council declaration Dignitatis Humanae, is a real “Copernican turn.” It represents a true revolution in Catholic interpretation of democracy, public ethos, and natural law, which aims at reconciling modern freedom, democracy, and religion through a revised doctrine of the common good.
Maturing pharmacogenomic factors deliver improvements and cost efficiencies
Authors: Jarvis Joseph P. , Megill Scott E. , Silvester Peter , Shaman Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An ever-expanding annotation of the human genome sequence continues to promise a new era of precision medicine. Advances in knowledge management and the ability to leverage genetic information to make clinically relevant, predictive, diagnostic, and targeted therapeutic choices offer the ability to improve patient outcomes and reduce the overall cost of healthcare. However, numerous barriers have resulted in a modest start to the clinical use of genetics at scale. Examples of successful deployments include oncologic disease treatment with targeted prescribing; however, even in these cases, genome-informed decision-making has yet to achieve standard of care in most major healthcare systems. In the last two decades, advances in genetic testing, therapeutic coverage, and clinical decision support have resulted in early-stage adoption of pharmacogenomics – the use of genetic information to routinely determine the safety and efficacy profile of specific medications for individuals. Here, through their complicated histories, we review the current state of pharmacogenomic testing technologies, the information tools that can unlock clinical utility, and value-driving implementation strategies that represent the future of pharmacogenomics-enabled healthcare decision-making. We conclude with real-world economic and clinical outcomes from a full-scale deployment and ultimately provide insight into potential tipping points for global adoption, including recent lessons from the rapid scale-up of high-volume test delivery during the global SARS-CoV2 epidemic.
ZAREMBA, SALEM AND THE FRACTAL NATURE OF GHOST DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: COONS MICHAEL , EVANS JAMES , GROTH ZACHARY , MAÑIBO NEIL 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMotivated by near-identical graphs of two increasing continuous functions—one related to Zaremba’s conjecture and the other due to Salem—we provide an explicit connection between fractals and regular sequences by showing that the graphs of ghost distributions, the distribution functions of measures associated to regular sequences, are sections of self-affine sets. Additionally, we provide a sufficient condition for such measures to be purely singular continuous. As a corollary, and analogous to Salem’s strictly increasing singular continuous function, we show that the ghost distributions of the Zaremba sequences are singular continuous.
HAS NO NONTRIVIAL IDEMPOTENTS
Authors: LIU YIFAN , ZHANG JIANGUO 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe show that there is no nontrivial idempotent in the reduced group
$\ell ^p$
-operator algebra
$B^p_r(F_n)$
of the free group
$F_n$
on n generators for each positive integer n.
Exploiting tools for manipulating insect diapause
Authors: Denlinger David L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTools that could be used to subvert the insect diapause response offer potential for insect pest management as well as for the experimental manipulation of insects and the facilitation of mass rearing procedures. In some cases, it is desirable to break diapause on demand and in other cases, it may be attractive to exploit diapause for long-term storage of biocontrol agents or valuable experimental lines. This review highlights some of the diapause disruptors reported in the literature, as well as chemical and physical manipulations that can be used to extend diapause or even induce diapause in an insect not programmed for diapause. The insect hormones are quite effective agents for breaking diapause and in some cases for extending the duration of diapause, but a collection of other chemical agents can also act as potent diapause disruptors, e.g. organic solvents, weak acids and bases, carbon dioxide, imidazole compounds, LSD, deuterium oxide, DMSO, ouabain, cholera toxin, cyclic GMP, heavy metals, and hydrogen peroxide. Physical manipulations such as artificial light at night, anoxia, shaking and heat shock are also known diapause disruptors. Some of these documented manipulations prevent diapause, others terminate diapause immediately, others alter the duration of diapause, and a few compounds can induce a diapause-like state in insects that are not programmed for diapause. The diversity of tools noted in the literature offers promise for the development of new tools or manipulations that possibly could be used to disrupt diapause or manage diapause in controlled laboratory experiments and in mass-rearing facilities.
Depositional and thermal history of a continental, coal-bearing Middle Jurassic succession from Iran: Hojedk Formation, northern Tabas Block
Authors: Salehi Mohammad Ali , Wilmsen Markus , Zamanian Ehsan , Baniasad Alireza , Heubeck Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the early Bajocian, a conspicuous coal-bearing siliciclastic succession was deposited in the northern Tabas Bock, which is important for understanding the regional geodynamics of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent (CEIM) as well as for the Jurassic coal genesis in this part of Laurasia. Sedimentary facies analysis in a well-exposed section of the lower Bajocian Hojedk Formation (Kalshaneh area, northern Tabas Block) led to the recognition of ten characteristic sedimentary facies and three facies associations, representing channels with point bars and floodplains of a Bajocian meandering river system. Modal analysis indicates that the mature quartz arenites and quartzo-lithic sandstones of the Hojedk Formation originated from the erosion and recycling of older, supracrustal sedimentary rocks on the Yazd Block to the west. The coal petrography and maturity show an advanced maturation stage, whereas the great thickness of these continental strata points to a pronounced extension-related subsidence in the northern Tabas Block. The rapid rate of differential subsidence can be explained by accelerated normal block-faulting in the back-arc extensional basin of the CEIM, facing the Neotethys to the south. Compared to the thick Jurassic, the post-Jurassic strata are relatively thin and played a limited role in the thermal history of the coal in the northern Tabas Block. A relatively high geothermal gradient in the tectonically highly mobile area of the northern Tabas Block and/or heating by regionally widespread Palaeogene intrusions were most probably the key drivers of the thermal maturation of the Middle Jurassic coals.
The Ethno-Necrocratic State: Mamillah and the Afterlives of Ethnocracy in Israel
Authors: Belli Meriam N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing the unique and historic Islamic cemetery of Mamillah in Jerusalem as a primary example, this essay discusses the ethno-necrocratic order that led to the 2008 Israeli High Court of Justice's codification of the supremacy of Jewish bodies and afterlives over non-Jewish ones, on the basis of advancing Israel's values. Hundreds of Palestinian burial grounds, starting with village cemeteries, have been destroyed since 1948. Indeed, funerary sites have testified to the omnipresence and millenarian existence of a population that the state has sought to erase from memory. In a few decades, the deathscape was radically altered, in cities as in the countryside. Although real estate corruption plagues Israeli politics, land use planning and real estate capitalism are inseparable from the ethno-racial politics of exclusion, which affect both the dead and the living.
The Real Effects of Equity Markets on Innovation
Authors: Mace Chris 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn theory, financial markets promote innovation by selectively allocating capital to high-quality projects. In this article, I show that equity markets can also inhibit innovation. In public firms, I find that short-term equity market declines cause pharmaceutical companies to abandon early-stage drug developments, irrespective of drug quality or changes in a firm’s stock price. I show that financing constraints drive this behavior, highlighting that even short-term market fluctuations can have long-term effects on pharmaceutical innovation and prevent potentially life-saving drugs from progressing to the market.
The moderating role of adrenocortical reactivity in the associations between interparental conflict, emotional reactivity, and school adjustment
Authors: Pearson Joanna K. , Davies Patrick T. , Sturge-Apple Melissa L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study tested whether the associations between interparental conflict, children’s emotional reactivity, and school adjustment were moderated by children’s cortisol reactivity in a sample of young children (N = 243; mean age = 4.6 years at Wave 1; 56% female, 44% male) and their parents. Using a longitudinal, autoregressive design, observational assessments of children’s emotional reactivity at Wave 2 mediated the relationship between an observational measure of Wave 1 conflict between parents and teacher’s report of children’s school adjustment at Wave 3. However, children’s cortisol reactivity to parent conflict at Wave 1 moderated the first link, such that emotional reactivity operated as a mediator for children with heightened cortisol reactivity but not children with low cortisol reactivity. Moderation was expressed in a “for better” or “for worse” form hypothesized by biological sensitivity to context theory. Thus, children with high cortisol reactivity experienced greater emotional reactivity than their peers when faced with more destructive conflict but also lower emotional reactivity when exposed to more constructive interparental conflict. Results are discussed as to how they advance emotional security and biological sensitivity to context theories.
Migrating gradual types
Authors: CAMPORA JOHN PETER , CHEN SHENG , ERWIG MARTIN , WALKINGSHAW ERIC 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGradual typing allows programs to enjoy the benefits of both static typing and dynamic typing. While it is often desirable to migrate a program from more dynamically typed to more statically typed or vice versa, gradual typing itself does not provide a way to facilitate this migration. This places the burden on programmers who have to manually add or remove type annotations. Besides the general challenge of adding type annotations to dynamically typed code, there are subtle interactions between these annotations in gradually typed code that exacerbate the situation. For example, to migrate a program to be as static as possible, in general, all possible combinations of adding or removing type annotations from parameters must be tried out and compared. In this paper, we address this problem by developingmigrational typing, which efficiently types all possible ways of replacing dynamic types with fully static types for a gradually typed program. The typing result supports automatically migrating a program to be as static as possible or introducing the least number of dynamic types necessary to remove a type error. The approach can be extended to support user-defined criteria about which annotations to modify. We have implemented migrational typing and evaluated it on large programs. The results show that migrational typing scales linearly with the size of the program and takes only 2–4 times longer than plain gradual typing.
Peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents with CHD: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Niedermeyer Camila da C. , Shizukuishi Maria Luiza Y. , Schaan Camila W. , Lukrafka Janice L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPatients with CHD are less active if compared with controls and have limited functional capacity, related to muscle weakness and fatigue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripheral and respiratory muscle strength of children and adolescents with CHD with systematic review and meta-analysis. The review included observational and randomised control trial studies which evaluated peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents with CHD under 18 years old. The peripheral muscle strength was evaluated through dynamometry and respiratory muscle strength through manovacuometry. In studies that compared patients with CHD and respective control groups, it was possible to perform a meta-analysis. A total of 5634 articles met the criteria of eligibility, 15 were included in the systematic review, and 4 were included in the meta-analysis. Twelve studies assessed peripheral muscle strength with a reduction in patients with CHD. In the meta-analysis, patients with CHD had lower muscle strength than controls (−34.07 nm; 95% CI, −67.46 to −0.68; I2 47%; p for heterogeneity = 0.05), and the meta-analysis of the handgrip muscle strength showed no significant difference between patients with CHD and controls (0.08 nm; 95% CI, −6.39 to 6.55; I2 98%; p for heterogeneity <0.00001). The meta-analysis in the present study showed lower limb muscle strength in patients with CHD in comparison to controls. In contrast, no difference was found regarding hand grip strength. Also, the review showed lower respiratory muscle strength in patients with CHD, yet no meta-analysis was possible to perform.