bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot randomized controlled trial of WeiNaoKang (SaiLuoTong) in treating vascular dementia
Authors: Liu Junguang , Chang Dennis , Cordato Dennis , Lee Kien , Dixson Hugh , Bensoussan Alan , Chan Daniel Kam Yin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveWeiNaoKang (or SaiLuoTong) is an herbal formula consisting of ginkgo, ginseng, and saffron. Our objective was to investigate if WeiNaoKang could improve cognitive function and cerebral perfusion in patients suffering from vascular dementia.MethodsA 16‐week randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was carried out in the setting of a memory disorder clinic at a single center. Patients with vascular dementia diagnosed clinically but supported by imaging and other investigations were invited to participate. The diagnoses were based on the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS‐AIREN) criteria. An independent blinded assessor evaluated the effects of the formula. Intervention group was compared to the control group. A subgroup of participants was randomly chosen for further evaluation of cerebral perfusion by single photon emission computed tomography scans post‐treatment.ResultsBoth groups were comparable in age (mean = 74 ± 7.2 years in the placebo group and 75 ± 7.4 in the intervention group) and in other demographics. Sixty‐two participants were included in final analysis. Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Portion (ADAS‐cog) was the primary outcome. By week 16, the mean ADAS‐cog reduced from 24.48 to 20.30 (mean reduction = 4.18) for those in the treatment group, and from 18.98 to 17.81 (mean reduction = 1.18) for those in the placebo group. The difference in mean reduction of ADAS‐cog was −3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.910 to −1.100) in favor of the treatment group. Secondary outcomes of activities of daily living and quality of life measures also showed significant difference. In the perfusion scan analysis, the difference in the change in cerebral blood flow (t‐scores) pre‐ and post‐treatment between the intervention group (n = 7) and the placebo group (n = 11) was statistically significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn this randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial, we demonstrated significant differences in improvement in cognitive function and activities of daily living. The clinical improvement is corroborated with improvement in cerebral perfusion in a subset of participants.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Spiro Compounds through Activation and Cleavage of C−H Bonds
Authors: Phukon Jyotshna , Jyoti Borah Arun , Gogoi Sanjib 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpirocyclic compounds represent an imperative class of naturally occurring substances characterized by their potential biological properties. They receive much attention as scaffolds in modern drug discovery programs and widespread applications in asymmetric organic synthesis as chiral catalysts and ligands because of their structural rigidity and excellent stereochemical recognition. With the advent of C−H activation/annulation, their synthesis enters into a new dimension with the formation of novel spiro cycles. The present review highlights the advances in transition‐metal‐catalyzed synthesis of spirocyclic compounds triggered by C−H bond activation.
Licht‐aktivierte Translation verschiedener mRNAs in Zellen durch wellenlängenabhängiges Photoentschützen
Authors: Bollu Amarnath , Klöcker Nils , Špaček Petr , P. Weissenboeck Florian , Hüwel Sabine , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDie 5′‐Kappe ist ein Kennzeichen der eukaryotischen mRNA und an der Initiation der Translation beteiligt. Ihre Modifikation mit einer einzigen durch Licht abspaltbaren Gruppe kann die Translation von mRNA unter die Kontrolle von Licht bringen. UV‐Bestrahlung verursacht jedoch Zellstress und eine Herunterregulierung der Translation. Darüber hinaus beinhalten komplexe Prozesse oft die zeitlich abgestimmte Expression von mehr als einem Gen. Der Ansatz würde daher stark von der Möglichkeit profitieren, eine Entschützung durch sichtbares Licht zu bewirken und mehr als eine mRNA gleichzeitig zu kontrollieren. Wir berichten über die Synthese einer 5′‐Kappe, die mit einem 7‐(Diethylamino)‐Cumarin (CouCap) modifiziert wurde, und über angepasste Bedingungen für die in vitro Transkription. Die Translation der resultierenden CouCap‐mRNA ist in vitro und in Säugetierzellen stummgeschaltet und kann durch Bestrahlung mit 450 nm initiiert werden. Die native Kappe wird dabei wiederhergestellt, und an der mRNA verbleiben weder nicht‐natürliche Reste noch Sequenzveränderungen. Simultane Kontrolle von zwei verschiedenen mRNAs wurde durch die Kombination von Kappenanaloga mit Cumarin‐ und ortho‐Nitrobenzyl‐basierten photospaltbaren Gruppen erreicht.
Bronchoscope‐assisted Tritube® placement for resection of sequential tracheal stenosis
Authors: Meierhans R. , Gelpke H. , Hetzel J. , Madjdpour C. 
Published: November 2022

SummarySymptomatic tracheal stenosis is a rare but significant complication of long‐term tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Airway management for tracheal resection in severe tracheal stenosis, especially sequential stenoses, requires multidisciplinary planning. A valuable method of airway management is the insertion of a small‐bore, cuffed tracheal tube (Tritube®, Ventinova Medical B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands) in combination with flow‐controlled ventilation. In this case, a patient with tracheal stenosis following prolonged ventilation required resection of the stenosed tissue. A Tritube was placed via a J‐tipped guidewire inserted through the working channel of a bronchoscope. Bronchoscopic cuff visualisation along the tube in severe stenosis is impossible because of the outer diameter of the tracheal tube. In this case, we therefore estimated the position of the tube tip based on the distance from the vocal cords to the carina measured on pre‐operative computed tomography imaging. During completion of the dorsal tracheal anastomosis, cross field ventilation using a conventional tracheal tube had to be started due to impeded ventilation caused by the Tritube protruding distal to the carina. In severe sequential tracheal stenosis, a small‐bore tracheal tube can safely be placed by guidance with a J‐tipped guidewire. However, it is important to plan a backup method of ventilation, such as cross field ventilation, prior to commencing a critical procedure.
Phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with mono‐, di‐, and tetranuclear as two channel probes to light up the nuclei of living cells
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Wen Ting , Shi Zheng Dou , Yang Rui , Liao Xia Li , Yang Bo , Gao Chuan Zhu 
Published: November 2022

By altering the reaction ratio of precursor Ir2(ppy)4Cl2 and bridging ligand of 4,4‐bipyridine (bpy), a series of phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes of mono‐, di‐, and tetranuclear have been successfully obtained and characterized for the first time. The dissociation of bpy ligand can be accelerated by light irradiation or placing these complexes in glutathione (GSH) abundant aqueous solution, bpy releasing rate follows the order Ir1 > Ir2 > Ir3 > Ir4, and with an addition of histidine, a significant blue shift from orange to green phosphorescence was observed. Herein, the cellular dissociation of bpy can be monitored by an orange‐to‐green phosphorescent blue shift, and nuclei of living cells can be lighted up by a set of probes with two phosphorescent channels, and subsequent cellular uptake translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus of Ir complexes could be observed by confocal imaging within 4 h. Besides, the changes of cellular phosphorescence intensity in two fluorescent channels recorded by flow cytometry could reflect different speed of bpy release in human normal and cancer cells. Besides, Ir1–4 exert significant anticancer effect in the dark with low photocytotoxicity, by effectively inducing reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane potential depletion, and interacting with biomolecules, and they eventually induce late apoptosis of Hela cell.
On the lithium abundance of the visual binary components ξ Boo A (G8V) and ξ Boo B (K5V)
Authors: Strassmeier Klaus G. , Steffen Matthias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA spectroscopic investigation of the lithium resonance doublet in ξ Boo A and ξ Boo B in terms of both abundance and isotopic ratio is presented. We obtained new R = 130,000 spectra with a signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) per pixel of up to 3200 using the 11.8 m LBT and PEPSI. From fits with synthetic line profiles based on 1D‐LTE MARCS model atmospheres and 3D‐NLTE corrections, we determine the abundances of both isotopes. For ξ Boo A, we find A(Li) = 2.40 ± 0.03 dex and 6Li/7Li <1.5 ± 1.0% in 1D‐LTE, which increases to ≈2.45 for the 3D‐NLTE case. For ξ Boo B we obtain A(Li) = 0.37 ± 0.09 dex in 1D‐LTE with an unspecified 6Li/7Li level. Therefore, no 6Li is seen on any of the two stars. We consider a spot model for the Li fit for ξ Boo B and find A(Li) = 0.45 ± 0.09 dex. The 7Li abundance is 23 times higher for ξ Boo A than the Sun's, but three times lower than the Sun's for ξ Boo B while both fit the trend of single stars in the similar‐aged M35 open cluster. Effective temperatures are redetermined from the TiO band head strength. We note that the best‐fit global metallicities are −0.13 ± 0.01 dex for ξ Boo A but +0.13 ± 0.02 dex for ξ Boo B. Lithium abundance for the K5V benchmark star 61 Cyg A was obtained to A(Li) ≈ 0.53 dex when including a spot model but to ≈0.15 dex without a spot model.
Studies of FCAPTUVBY photometry for the mCP stars HD 32966, HD 35298, HD 68292, HD 93226, HD 171247, HD 217833, HD 220147, and HD 223358
Authors: Wittman Todd , Dukes Robert J. , Adelman Saul J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present differential Strömgren uvby observations from the Four College Automated Photometric Telescope (FCAPT) in Washington Camp, AZ of eight magnetic Chemically Peculiar (mCP) stars: HD 32966, HD 35298, HD 68292, HD 93226, HD 171247, HD 217833, HD 220147, and HD 223358. We use multiple period‐finding algorithms and incorporate data from the ESA Hipparcos catalogue to study the amplitudes, periods, and asymmetries in the light curves. No previous FCAPT data have been published for HD 68292. For the seven other stars, these studies substantially extend the analyses of published FCAPT datasets.
Guiding Principles for the Design of Artificial Interface Layer for Zinc Metal Anode
Authors: Guo Zhikun , Fan Lishuang , Wu Lijun , Li Bingjiang , Zhang Naiqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractZinc‐ion battery has become a research hotspot in the energy storage field due to its low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, zinc as an anode has some problems such as dendrites and hydrogen evolution on the surface, which hinder the practical application of zinc. These problems are closely related to the platting and stripping behavior of zinc at the electrode interface. The construction of an artificial interface layer is one of the most direct and effective methods to protect the zinc anode, which is helpful to improve the cycle life and utilization of the zinc anode. Here, we systematically review the progress and practical significance of artificial interfacial layers in terms of uniform ion transport, inhibition of side reactions and mechanical stability. Three design principles of the artificial interface layer are summarized to guide the further research, and to bring enlightenment for the construction of practical and efficient metal zinc anode.
Ameliorative Effects of Propolis and Royal Jelly against CCl4‐Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Focak Muhamed , Suljevic Damir 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is known to have hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. During the two‐month CCl4 exposure of Wistar rats, propolis extract (PE) and royal jelly (RJ) were added in order to test the potential protective effect against hepato‐renal injury. Ketonuria, proteinuria, high creatinine and urea levels are the result of CCl4‐induced nephrotoxicity. Severe disorders of hematological indicators indicate anemia; high values of leukocytes indicate inflammatory condition. Cytogenetic impairments in hepatocytes, aggregation of platelets, and hypoproteinemia indicate severe liver impairment. Results suggest a more significant protective role of RJ compared to PE. Both extracts regulated proteinuria, ketonuria, hypoproteinemia and reduced platelet aggregation in the hepatic circulation. The increase in the number of erythrocytes (RBC) suggest protective effects against anemia; the decrease in the number of leukocytes can be linked to anti‐inflammatory effects. PE and RJ have a beneficial effect against hepato‐renal injury, anemia and anti‐inflammatory conditions caused by CCl4.
Missense alleles of the HMW glutenin subunits Dx5 and Dy10 have small changes in function relative to missense changes in Puroindoline a and b
Authors: Martin John M. , Zhang Jinrui , Hogg Andrew C. , Giroux Michael J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes (HMW‐GS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) play a key role in determining dough functionality. More specifically allelic variation for the Glu‐D1 subunit loci is consistently associated with bread making quality. Since much of the hard wheat germplasm is fixed for the more favorable 1Dx5 + 1Dy10 haplotype, our goal was to identify allelic variation in 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 HMW‐GS genes using an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized population in the soft white spring wheat cultivar “Alpowa.” The same source population was previously used in screening for creating novel alleles in Puroindoline a (Pina) and Puroindoline b (Pinb) which are responsible for grain hardness variation. Direct sequencing of 384 M3 families identified 135 point mutations equally dispersed across 1Dx5 and 1Dy10. The mutation discovery rate was 1/12.7 kb of DNA, equal to that found in the Pin loci. Mutation carrying plants were crossed to the nonmutagenized Alpowa parent to create F2 populations segregating for the induced EMS HMW Glutenin mutations. Swelling index of gluten (SIG) was measured from seed from field grown plants to assess the impact of each EMS mutation upon Glutenin function.FindingsNonsense mutations in both 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 reduced SIG values, indicating both 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 are needed for gluten functionality. Missense mutations did not alter SIG values compared to their wild type counterparts. In contrast missense mutations within the tryptophan‐rich region of both PINS increased grain hardness pointing to the importance of this protein region. No such region in 1Dx5 or 1Dy10 was found indicating these proteins are structurally stable and tolerant of amino acid substitution.ConclusionsResults from the Glu‐D1 subunit and Pin loci show that useful phenotypic variation can be created using EMS mutagenesis for genes where naturally occurring mutations occur from amino substitutions as is the case for the Pin loci.Significance and NoveltyEMS induced mutations are useful for creating new alleles in storage proteins with much greater impacts in genes that have a defined active site as for the Pin loci than in genes such as the HMW Glu‐1 genes which have a long repetitive region.
Investigating the Diversity of Coordination Environments around Pt Atoms
Authors: Liu Qin , Xi Shibo , Peng Xinnan , Feng Lei , Xu Guangyuan , Liu Zhendong , Kong Yuan , Zhao Xiaoxu , Yan Huan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModulating the local coordination environment of catalysts is of overriding importance to control reactivity, but systematic investigation of catalytic active sites with different coordination environments remains elusive. Here, a new strategy is provided to investigate the coordination environment of the catalytic center. Pt atoms, a known catalytic center, were selected to examine the effect of the coordination environment on the electro‐catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a well‐studied system. Rather than alter the catalytic metal center as reported in previous work, “surrounding atoms” were tuned to modify the coordination environment around the Pt active center. A clear trend between HER activity and coordination environments with different neighboring atoms, was observed in this work. Based on experimental results, DFT calculations analyzed all coordinated patterns with respect to electronic structures and geometric transformations, giving a full “map” of the relationship between the coordination environments around Pt atoms and their catalytic performances. Such coordination environment engineering could be widely used to screen new catalysts for other conversions, and also provide a novel method for investigating the fundamental chemistry of active sites in catalysis.
Synthesis and Single‐Electron Oxidation of Bulky Bis(m‐terphenyl)chalcogenides: The Quest for Kinetically Stabilized Radical Cations
Authors: Duvinage Daniel , Mostaghimi Farzin , Damrath Mattis , Spils Julian , Komorr Pascal , Odintsov Danila S. , Fedin Matvey , Shundrin Leonid A. , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSterically encumbered bis(m‐terphenyl)chalcogenides, (2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2E (E=S, Se, Te) were obtained by the reaction of the chalcogen tetrafluorides, EF4, with three equivalents of m‐terphenyl lithium, 2,6‐Mes2C6H3Li. The single‐electron oxidation of (2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2Te using XeF2/K[B(C6F5)4] afforded the radical cation [(2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2Te][B(C6F5)4] that was isolated and fully characterized. The electrochemical oxidation of the lighter homologs (2,6‐Mes2C6H3)2E (E=S, Se) was irreversible and impaired by rapid decomposition.
PETpyrolysis and hydrolysis mechanism in the fixed pyrolyzer
Authors: Song Kuntong , Li Yi , Huo Feng , Liu Junhong , Hou Wenxia , Wang Nan , Zhou Qing , Xu Junli , Lu Xingmei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the conventional polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pyrolysis process, the formation of char by excessive pyrolysis is mainly due to the dehydration mechanism, so water is considered an auxiliary agent that can effectively inhibit excessive pyrolysis. The preparation of terephthalic acid (TPA) by steam‐assisted pyrolysis of PET is an effective method to achieve closed‐loop recycling of waste PET. To ensure that the reaction is mild enough to reduce excessive cracking products such as char and benzoic acid and thus increase the yield of TPA, it is critical to reduce the reaction rate while maintaining a sufficient excess steam coefficient. Under the optimal operating conditions, when the temperature rise rate was 0.5 °C min−1and the excess steam coefficient was 150, the yield of TPA was 72.5 wt.%, and the purity was 85.5%. Noticeably, the steam‐assisted pyrolysis system is a heterogeneous reaction system whose reaction mechanism is different from the conventional hydrolysis and pyrolysis reactions and has a unique reaction path. The mechanistic study indicates that, in addition to the thermal cracking of PET molecules occurring in conventional pyrolysis, hydroxyl attack and transfer, and supplementation of benzene ring hydrogen also occur between water and intermediate molecules. Meanwhile, it has also been proven that the intermolecular hydrogen transfer between intermediate molecules and water molecules is the key to reduce the intensity of the reaction and inhibit the formation of char. This discovery illustrates the mechanism of the reaction between water and PET in the steam‐assisted pyrolysis process in the fixed pyrolyzer and justifies the distinction between it and the pyrolysis and hydrolysis processes of PET. It provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the pyrolysis process of PET, which is essential for the industrialization of TPA preparation from PET steam‐assisted pyrolysis.
Nanobiofunctionalized chitosan nanocomposite hydrogel as a highly biocompatible cancer drug carrier
Authors: George Dhanya , Palanisamy Uma Maheswari , Begum K. M. Meera Sheriffa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA bio‐inspired drug carrier was developed by dual functionalization of chitosan using L‐glutamic acid (GA) and phyto‐synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs). A highly porous, three‐dimensional network of nanocomposite hydrogel (GA‐CHGZ) was obtained upon cross‐linking chitosan using biomass‐derived dialdehyde cellulose. The hydrogel was optimally loaded with naringenin (NRG) and further characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and swelling studies. An enhanced NRG loading efficiency of 85.23% was obtained using functionalized hydrogel compared to 52.54% using non‐functionalized hydrogel. Delivery studies displayed a maximum release of 69.63% for 1.0 mg/ml of initial NRG concentration at pH 5, which is a highly preferred condition for cancer therapeutics. While ZNPs’ embedment was instrumental in improving the NRG loading and delivery rates, the GA conjugation increased the stability of NRG in the GA‐CHGZ, aiding sustained NRG release, which followed a non‐Fickian diffusion mechanism with polymer swelling. Antimicrobial potential was explored against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum strains. The biocompatibility assay using L929 normal cells showed enhanced cell proliferation characteristics for the materials, revealing significant cell viability. The anticancer activity of NRG tested against A431 human skin carcinoma cells increased up to nine‐fold with a reduced IC50 value when a functionalized hydrogel was used instead of pure NRG without the nanocomposite carrier. Thus, the bio‐functionalized drug–carrier system has a promising application for wound healing and topical skin cancer therapies.
Adaptive autism behavior prediction using improved binary whale optimization technique
Authors: Ramachandran Arun Kumar , John Bosco Martin Vijay Franklin 
Published: November 2022

SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neuro developmental disorder is a bottleneck to several clinical researchers owing to the data modularization, subjective analysis and shifts in the accurate prediction of the disorder among the sample population. Subjective clinical analysis suffers from lengthy procedure which is a time‐consuming process. The present research focuses on the prediction of ASD disorder using improved binary whale optimization that provides accuracy in the feature selection for the contribution towards the disorder and improves the accuracy in decision making of predicting the presence of disorder. The proposed technique is carried out in two steps: the acute features contributing to the disorder is selected using the binary whale optimization method and the optimal feature is subjected to that render decision of predicting the presence of ASD. The state‐of‐the‐art disorder dataset is tested with conventional techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithm (PSO‐GA), whale optimization method and binary whale optimization method. Based on the results, the improved binary whale optimization method is proposed and validates the effectiveness of the deciding the autism spectrum disorder.