bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis by 1985–2021
Authors: Armoon Bahram , Fleury Marie-Josée , Higgs Peter , Bayat Amir-Hossien , Bayani Azadeh , Mohammadi Rasool , Ahounbar Elaheh 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a public health issue of global importance. To our knowledge, no previous meta-analysis documenting the prevalence, socio-demographic, and service use determinants associated with HIV/AIDS disclosure to infected children has been conducted. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, socio-demographics and service use determinants associated with the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children.

Methods
Studies in English published between 01 January 1985 and 01 November 2021, and available on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-text of selected articles were assessed for eligibility using Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes (PICO) criteria. We used fixed and random-effects meta-analysis models to estimate the pooled prevalence, pooled odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
After article duplicates were excluded, assessments of abstracts were completed, and full-text papers evaluated, 37 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The prevalence of the disclosure of HIV status to children was measured to be 41% in this research. The odds that a child of 10 years and older is informed that they are HIV-positive is 3.01 time the odds that younger children are informed. Those children who had primary or lower schooling level were 2.41 times more likely to be informed of their HIV-positive status than children with higher levels of schooling. Children who had a non-biological parents were 3.17 times more likely to have been disclose being HIV-positive; social support (OR = 8.29, 95%CI = 2.34, 29.42), children who had higher levels of social supports were 8.29 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; the primary educational level of caregivers (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.43, 2.89), respondents who had caregivers with primary education level were 2.03 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence (OR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.96, 3.42), participants who adhered to ART were 2.59 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive and hospital follow-up (OR = 2.82, 95%CI = 1.85, 4.29), those who had hospital follow-up were 2.82 times more likely to disclose HIV-positive; were all significantly associated with the disclosure of HIV/AIDS status to infected children.

Conclusion
Such data are of importance for healthcare pediatrics HIV care professionals. Facilitating HIV diagnosis and disclosure to the infected children and ensuring access to HIV treatment will likely prevent secondary HIV transmission. Healthcare professionals are expected to provide age-appropriate counseling services to this population.
Conservation risks for paper collections induced by the microclimate in the repository of the Alessandrina Library in Rome (Italy)
Authors: Verticchio Elena , Frasca Francesca , Cavalieri Patrizia , Teodonio Lorenzo , Fugaro Daniela , Siani Anna Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Alessandrina Library was founded in 1667 by pope Alexander VII Chigi and is nowadays housed in the Campus of Sapienza University of Rome (Italy). Within its Ancient (mostly made of rag paper) and Modern (mostly made of contemporary paper) collections, it includes more than one million books produced from the XVI to the XXI century. In 2019, six thermo-hygrometers were deployed in its multi-storey repository to monitor temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH). Hourly T and RH data collected over 2 years allowed us to evaluate spatial and temporal thermo-hygrometric distributions and to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the climate-induced risks (mechanical, chemical, and biological deterioration mechanisms). Vertical temperature gradients associated with unstable conditions occurred in winter, resulting in upraising air flows up to the ceiling. The risky short-term RH fluctuations (EN 15757:2010) were determined to avoid mechanical stress in case of loans, relocation, and consultation. The Time Weighted Expected Lifetime (TWEL) index was used to evaluate the chemical risk for different paper-based collections as a function of their acidity and degree of polymerisation, also considering the typical response time of paper books to T and RH changes. The TWEL calculation estimated that the durability of acidic paper was around 300 years and highlighted that rag paper could be subject to cellulose hydrolysis only in summer and autumn, while contemporary paper was mostly at no risk. The risk of mould germination (Sedlbauer diagram) was possible on few days in Autumn, while the production of insect eggs (Brimblecombe empirical function) was favoured during approximately 42% of time over the year. In addition, illuminance and colorimetric measurements (performed on selected book covers) showed that light-sensitive objects could be exposed to the photodeterioration risk in the east-facing side of the repository. Although the investigation focussed on a specific case study, a similar approach could be effectively adapted to most library and archival repositories conserving paper-based collections.
Application of total keratometry in ten intraocular lens power calculation formulas in highly myopic eyes
Authors: Wei Ling , Cheng Kaiwen , He Wenwen , Zhu Xiangjia , Lu Yi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The accuracy of using total keratometry (TK) value in recent IOL power calculation formulas in highly myopic eyes remained unknown.

Methods
Highly myopic patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery were prospectively enrolled in this prospective comparative study. At one month postoperatively, standard deviation (SD) of the prediction errors (PEs), mean and median absolute error (MedAE) of 103 highly myopic eyes were back-calculated and compared among ten formulas, including XGboost, RBF 3.0, Kane, Barrett Universal II, Emmetropia Verifying Optical 2.0, Cooke K6, Haigis, SRK/T, and Wang-Koch modifications of Haigis and SRK/T formulas, using either TK or standard keratometry (K) value.

Results
In highly myopic eyes, despite good agreement between TK and K (P > 0.05), larger differences between the two were associated with smaller central corneal thickness (P < 0.05). As to the refractive errors, TK method showed no differences compared to K method. The XGBoost, RBF 3.0 and Kane ranked top three when considering SDs of PEs. Using TK value, the XGboost calculator was comparable with the RBF 3.0 formula (P > 0.05), which both presented smaller MedAEs than others (all P < 0.05). As for the percentage of eyes within ± 0.50 D or ± 0.75 D of PE, the XGBoost TK showed comparable percentages with the RBF 3.0 TK formula (74.76% vs. 66.99%, or 90.29% vs. 87.38%, P > 0.05), and statistically larger percentages than the other eight formulas (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Highly myopic eyes with thinner corneas tend to have larger differences between TK and K. The XGboost enhancement calculator and RBF 3.0 formula using TK showed the most promising outcomes in highly myopic eyes.
Influence of weather on the behaviour of reintroduced Przewalski’s horses in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (Mongolia): implications for conservation
Authors: Bernátková Anna , Oyunsaikhan Ganbaatar , Šimek Jaroslav , Komárková Martina , Bobek Miroslav , Ceacero Francisco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundReintroduction is a common technique for re-establishing threatened species. However, the adaptation to novel habitats with distinct conditions poses a risk of failure. Weather conditions affect the behaviour of animals, and thus, their adaptation to new conditions and survival. Reintroduced Przewalski’s horses living in Mongolia’s continental arid climate with extreme temperature and precipitation variability, serve as an ideal model species for studying the behavioural response of selected groups to these harsh conditions.MethodsThe research was conducted in The Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area, Mongolia. In summer 2018, three groups were recorded (Azaa, Tsetsen and Mares18) involving 29 individuals. In Spring 2019, 4 groups were recorded (Azaa, Tsetsen, Hustai1 and Mares19) involving 34 individuals. In Autumn 2019, 4 groups were recorded (Azaa, Tsetsen, Hustai2 and Tanan) involving 35 individuals. Thirteen weather variables were recorded in 10-min intervals, together with the percentage representation of selected behavioural categories (feeding, locomotion, resting, and social). The effect of weather on behaviour was analysed through GLMM. Influence of the group-history factors (recently reintroduced, long-term reintroduced and wild-born) was also analysed.ResultsFeeding significantly increased with cloudy and windy conditions and was more frequent in autumn than spring and summer. Locomotion was positively explained by temperature and cloudiness and was higher in summer than spring and autumn. Resting behaviour decreased with altitude and cloudiness, and the dispersion of the group was lower when resting. Increased social interactions were observed with higher temperatures and were more frequent in summer compared to spring and autumn. Differences were found in the display of the behaviours among the selected harems, showing interesting patterns when grouping them according to their origin and experience.ConclusionsWeather patterns seem to influence the behaviour of Przewalski’s horse. These results might assist in further management plans for the species, especially in the view of intensifying climate change and alteration of weather patterns. As previously suggested, after approximately 1 year, horses adapt to novel conditions and display the typical behavioural pattern of wild-born Przewalski’s horses.
3D printing for surgical planning of canine oral and maxillofacial surgeries
Authors: Huang Yu-Hui , Lee Bonnie , Chuy Jeffrey A. , Goldschmidt Stephanie L. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Advanced diagnostic imaging is an essential part of preoperative planning for oral and maxillofacial surgery in veterinary patients. 3-dimensional (3D) printed models and surgical guides generated from diagnostic imaging can provide a deeper understanding of the complex maxillofacial anatomy, including relevant spatial relationships. Additionally, patient-specific 3D printed models allow surgeons and trainees to better examine anatomical features through tactile and visuospatial feedback allowing for improved preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and enhanced trainee education. Furthermore, these models facilitate discussions with pet owners, allowing for improved owner understanding of pathology, and educated decision-making regarding treatment.

Case presentation
Our case series consists of three 3D printed models segmented from computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT (CBCT) and fabricated via desktop vat polymerization for preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance for resection of maxillary osteosarcoma, mandibular reconstruction after mandibulectomy, and gap arthroplasty for temporomandibular joint ankylosis in dogs.

Conclusions
We illustrate multiple benefits and indications for 3D printing in veterinary oral and maxillofacial surgery. 3D printed models facilitate the understanding of complex surgical anatomy, creating an opportunity to assess the spatial relationship of the relevant structures. It facilitates individualized surgical planning by allowing surgeons to tailor and augment the surgical plan by examining patient-specific anatomy and pathology. Surgical steps may also be simulated in advance, including planning of osteotomy lines, and pre-contouring of titanium plates for reconstruction. Additionally, a 3D printed model and surgical guide also serve as invaluable intraoperative reference and guidance. Furthermore, 3D printed models have the potential to improve veterinary resident and student training as well as pet owner understanding and communication regarding the condition of their pets, treatment plan and intended outcomes.
Identifying the potential role of curcumin analogues as anti-breast cancer agents; an in silico approach
Authors: Praseetha N. G. , Divya U. K. , Nair S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer ranks top among newly reported cancer cases and most of the women suffers from breast cancer. Development of target therapy using phytochemicals with minimal side effects is trending in health care research. Phytochemicals targets complex multiple signalling events in cancer and are pleiotropic in nature. Thus, the present study was conducted to check the effectivity of curcumin analogues (Capsaicin, Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Zingerone, Gingerol) against the receptors that are expressed in breast cancer cells and prove its ethno-medicinal value by using bioinformatic tools and softwares like PDB, Patch Dock, PubChem, Chimera and My Presto.

Result
Out of the various curcumin analogues studied, Ferulic acid showed best binding affinity with all the breast cancer cell specific receptors (FGF, MMP9, RNRM1, TGF-beta, DHFR, VEGF and aromatase) which was confirmed through the docking studies.

Conclusion
The current work was a preliminary step towards screening suitable drug candidate against breast cancer using in silico methods. This information can be used further to carry out in vivo studies using selected natural analogues of curcumin as a suitable drug candidate against breast cancer saving time and cost.
Neuropsychological Assessment in Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Weintraub Sandra 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article discusses the application of neuropsychological evaluation to the workup of individuals with age-related cognitive impairment and suspected dementia. Referral questions, principles of evaluation, and common instruments to detect abnormalities in cognition and behavior in this population are reviewed. The integration of neuropsychological test findings with other clinical and biomarker information enhances early detection, differential diagnosis, and care planning.

RECENT FINDINGS
Life expectancy is increasing in the United States, and, accordingly, the prevalence and incidence of dementia associated with age-related neurodegenerative brain disease are rising. Age is the greatest risk factor for the dementia associated with Alzheimer disease, the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia in people over 65 years of age; other etiologies, such as the class of frontotemporal lobar degenerations, are increasingly recognized in individuals both younger and older than 65 years of age. The clinical dementia diagnosis, unfortunately, is imperfectly related to disease etiology; however, probabilistic relationships can aid in diagnosis. Further, mounting evidence from postmortem brain autopsies points to multiple etiologies. The case examples in this article illustrate how the neuropsychological evaluation increases diagnostic accuracy and, most important, identifies salient cognitive and behavioral symptoms to target for nonpharmacologic intervention and caregiver education and support. Sharing the diagnosis with affected individuals is also discussed with reference to prognosis and severity of illness.

SUMMARY
The clinical neuropsychological examination facilitates early detection of dementia, characterizes the level of severity, defines salient clinical features, aids in differential diagnosis, and points to a pathway for care planning and disease education.
Thalassological Worldmaking and Literary Circularities in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Oruc Firat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Although the study of Indian Ocean literary circularities is a relatively new and dynamic field, it calls for alternative paradigms for global literary history in light of the nascent conversation between comparative world literature and oceanic studies. Following the creative work of prominent writers of the Indian Ocean (including Abdulrazak Gurnah, the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature), the concept of literary circularities is anchored in the study of multiple intersecting and networked sites of exchange, circulation, migration, and encounter in this vast oceanic space that has mediated a dynamic cross-cultural traffic across Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. In response to the territorial logic of old and new comparative literature, the polysemic nature of the Indian Ocean invites the following the question: what would world literature look like when terracentric biases of the field are unsettled? In other words, how does the thalassological poetics of the Indian Ocean also remap approaches to literary categories themselves? The Indian Ocean’s literary waves and the generic wateriness they create offer a set of analytical categories as they rescale narrative as a living, moving, recombining, recycling practice of memory, connection, and connectivity.
Creole Indias, Creolizing Pondicherry: Ari Gautier’sLe thinnaias the Archipelago of Fragments
Authors: Kabir Ananya Jahanara 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis essay argues for creolization as a salient theoretical and historical category for Indian cultural history that can offer an epistemic alternative to its land-centric bias. Through literary analysis of Franco-Tamil author Ari Gautier’s novel about Pondicherry, Le thinnai, it demonstrates how creolization theories need to be adjusted to capture and evaluate the cultural transformations which took place in enclaves such as Pondicherry, founded between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries on India’s coasts by a range of European powers. Equally, it deploys literary critical methods to illuminate how, and why, fiction such as Gautier’s reactivates memory of Creole Indias. This reading reveals his privileged trope of the “thinnai,” a veranda-like architectural element of Tamil homes, as working together with the embodied culture of Pondicherry’s “Bas Créole” community, to present the enclave as a contact zone for creolization of cultural materials that converge here through two, overlapping circularities: the transoceanic and the littoral. The specific epistemic structure generated through their intersections, that I call “the archipelago of fragments,” moves us away from the double bind of territoriality and caste-based preference for purity while opening Indian cultural history to the porosity of the coastline and the unpredictability of creolization as cultural process.
An Archipelagic Node in Global Migration? The Stakes of Comparison and Irony in Nathacha Appanah’s Tropique de la violence
Authors: Obeegadoo Nikhita 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Nestled in the Mozambique Channel, the island of Mayotte is an overseas department of France, wrenched away from the Comoran archipelago in 1975. This act of colonial mutilation gave birth to an ultra-peripheral “French” territory that persists as a beacon of hope for Comoran clandestine migrants, thousands of whom have perished on the treacherous sea crossing since 1995. In her novel Tropique de la violence (2016), Mauritian author Nathacha Appanah inscribes the Mahoran tragedy within a global imaginary of migration. This essay explores the risks and merits of such a comparative approach: as Appanah’s references to the Mediterranean “migration crisis” foster transnational empathy, do they simultaneously reproduce the colonial gaze? After all, the polyphonic novel does not give a voice to the Comoran migrant herself. Is this a gesture of narrative violence, or a way of forcing us to confront silences that can never be filled? Through a series of detailed close-readings, the essay argues that Tropique de la violence takes a nuanced and often ironical approach to the facile equivalences between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean (in terms of migratory tragedy), as well as between Mayotte and France (in terms of political status). This exploration culminates in an examination of the novel’s own complex positionality as a French-language novel written by a Mauritian author about Mayotte. Simultaneously branded as too foreign and yet not foreign enough, Tropique de la violence both embodies and exceeds Indian Ocean circularities.
Multidimensional Outcomes of Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy for Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Single-Level Laminectomy vs Multiple-Level Laminotomy Techniques
Authors: He Zhexi , Wong Sui To , Law Hing Yuen , Lao Lai Mio Miko , Chan Kwai Fong Helen , Chan Nar Chi Nerita , Yam Kwong Yui 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) reduces lower limb spasticity, improves gait patterns, and restores normal physical and social activity in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Single-level laminectomy (SLL) and multiple-level laminotomy (MLL) are 2 surgical approaches for SDR with limited clinical data comparing their postoperative outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:
To compare the differences in multidimensional outcomes after SDR between SLL and MLL for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed children who underwent SDR in our hospital from 1997 to 2016. The multidimensional outcomes in spasticity, joint range of motions, gait kinetics, gross motor activities, functional outcomes, and urological outcomes were assessed 1 year postoperatively. Hip dysplasia and scoliosis rate were compared as long-term outcomes.

RESULTS:
Sixty children underwent SDR, including 34 SLL patients and 26 MLL patients. Most improvements in multidimensional outcomes were comparable between SLL and MLL. Patients in the SLL group had larger improvements in ankle dorsiflexion in the midstance phase (SLL 7.59° ± 11.48° vs MLL 0.29° ± 11.30°, P = .027). The rate of scoliosis was similar between the 2 surgical approaches (SLL 12.1% vs MLL 15.4%, P = .722).

CONCLUSION:
SDR for children with spastic cerebral palsy could provide physical, functional, and urological improvements. SLL achieved a higher degree of improvement in ankle dorsiflexion in the midstance phase. The rate of scoliosis was not significantly increased by multiple-level laminotomy.
A new conceptual framework for the musculoskeletal biomechanics and physiology of ray-finned fishes
Authors: Camp Ariel L. , Brainerd Elizabeth L. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTSuction feeding in ray-finned fishes requires substantial muscle power for fast and forceful prey capture. The axial musculature located immediately behind the head has been long known to contribute some power for suction feeding, but recent XROMM and fluoromicrometry studies found nearly all the axial musculature (over 80%) provides effectively all (90–99%) of the power for high-performance suction feeding. The dominance of axial power suggests a new framework for studying the musculoskeletal biomechanics of fishes: the form and function of axial muscles and bones should be analysed for power production in feeding (or at least as a compromise between swimming and feeding), and cranial muscles and bones should be analysed for their role in transmitting axial power and coordinating buccal expansion. This new framework is already yielding novel insights, as demonstrated in four species for which suction power has now been measured. Interspecific comparisons suggest high suction power can be achieved in different ways: increasing the magnitude of suction pressure or the rate of buccal volume change, or both (as observed in the most powerful of these species). Our framework suggests that mechanical and evolutionary interactions between the head and the body, and between the swimming and feeding roles of axial structures, may be fruitful areas for continued study.