bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Variable of Precipitation variation and its Drought Condition on Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Velsamy Sudhakar , Balasubramaniyan Gurugnanam , Shunmugam Kumaravel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Precipitation variation study is one of the most important studies for monitoring the drought condition on the earth's surface. Climate change leads to excessive drought throughout the world. The present study has assessed the rainfall variation and monitored the drought condition in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India. In this study, annual average rainfall and seasonal rainfall were estimated for 30 years. Moreover, monthly rainfall variation was computed through Standard Deviation (SD) and Coefficient of Variation (CV) for three decades from 1990 to 2019 and monitored the drought condition. The Thoothukudi district’s annual average rainfall varies more or less from year to year. During 1990–2007, significant rainfall variation was observed. Afterward, the variation was higher, and in 2008, the annual average rainfall was extreme. Seasonally, a high amount of rainfall was reported in the NE monsoon among four seasons for 30 years. The seasonal rainfall variability was less from 1990 to 2011. After that, the variation increased up to extreme than the state seasonal average except for summer. In the SW monsoon, rainfall has increased slightly, but it is below the state seasonal average due to changes in monthly rainfall. The monthly mean rainfall was less in the first two decades, while the third decade has high mean rainfall and varied from year to year. The first two decadal, April, May, August, September, October, and November, have < 100% of CV for mean rainfall, while January, February, March, and June have > 100% of CV for mean rainfall. In III-decade, mean rainfall has > 100% of CV for all decadal months except November. The precipitation variability leads to drought, either scanty or extreme. The study area has experienced scanty drought in the SW monsoon all the decades due to the lack of rainfall. Generally, excessive rainfall is recorded in the NE monsoon in Tamil Nadu. During III decades, excess rainfall has been reported in Kayalpattinam, Tiruchendur, Kulasekarapattinam, and Santhankulam, whereas scanty to deficient drought in the other two decades.
Experimental visualization of the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the multi-cavity of a real-size marine piston model
Authors: LIANG BING , Ming Pingjian J. , Yu Guopeng , Hao Zhaohui , Zhao Haiyang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the last decade, the marine industry has been pursuing higher combustion pressure and higher fuel economy, which makes the thermal load on the piston will increase significantly. Therefore, the efficient cooling of the piston is a crucial factor for reliable operation of the diesel engine. There are different types of cooling cavities inside the piston, which is usually cooled by "cocktail shaker" cooling mechanism. In the previous studies, simplified models were mostly used instead of complex actual models, and very few experiments were studied to investigate the multi-cavity with long-strokes, making it a challenge to analyze the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the complex piston cooling cavity. In this paper, a visualization test rig of a real-size marine piston model was built to observe the complex multi-cavity flow by using high-speed camera equipment. Flow mechanism of two-phase flow inside the multi-cavity piston is revealed, the variation of flow patterns with the rotational speed and the filling rate is also studied. It is found that swirl flow exists inside the multi-cavity piston, which was mostly neglected in previous studies. Experimental observations are also verified by extended simulation investigation of the flow field. Results of this paper reveal the full flow mechanism of a typical marine multi-chamber piston, and provide foundation and reference to the cooling mechanism study and optimal design of piston cooling system.
Glycaemic and Insulin Response of Some Common Ugandan Foods in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Semanda Sylvester , Mwebaze Raymond , Makhoba Anthony , Kaishusha David Salama , Mugenyi Martin , Bahendeka Silver 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Measuring glycaemic response to foods enables selecting the most appropriate in diabetes management.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the glycaemic and insulin response of three selected Ugandan meals in persons with type 2 diabetes namely: Katogo, Bushera and Chai-no-Mugati.
METHODS
Six type 2 diabetes and six matched healthy control participants were studied. On the day of testing, an indwelling sampling catheter was inserted in an antecubital vein from which blood samples were collected to assay for c-peptide and plasma glucose. Plasma glucose samples were obtained at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min following consumption of foods. C-peptide samples were collected at 0 and 120 minutes. Participants reported every three days and consecutively consumed the Katogo, Bushera and Chai-no-Mugati as breakfast. Glucose response curves were plotted and Insulin response calculated as difference between fasting and 120 minutes post meal.
RESULTS
Glycaemic response was highest in Katogo (107.3%), then Bushera (71.9%) and lowest in Chai-no-Mugati (89.4%) (p < 0.001). Similarly, insulin response was highest in Katogo, but least in Bushera.
CONCLUSION
Katogo elicited the highest glycaemic response, Bushera elicited the lowest; and Chai-no-Mugati was intermediate. The Katogo used in this study is associated with high insulin response and unfavourably high glycaemic response.
High Specific Surface Area γ-Al2O3 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Facile and Low-cost Co-precipitation Method
Authors: Gholizadeh Zahra , aliannezhadi maryam , Ghominejad Mehrdad , Tehrani Fatemeh Shariatmadar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly adsorbent NPs with a high specific surface area (SSA) that may well be utilized to clean water. In this study, pure γ-alumina NPs are successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and the effect of ammonium bicarbonate concentration on the synthesized NPs is studied to find the optimum concentration to provide the highest capacity of copper ions removal from water. The results declare that spherical alumina NPs with average diameters in the range of 19–23 nm are formed with different concentrations of precipitation agent, and the concentration has no significant effect on the morphology of NPs. Furthermore, the precipitating agent concentration influences the optical characteristics of the produced alumina NPs, and the bandgap energies of the samples vary between 4.24 and 5.05 eV. The most important impact of precipitating agent concentrations reflects in their SSA and the capacity of copper ion removal. Ultra-high SSA = 317 m2/g and the highest copper removal are achieved in an alkalis solution followed by a neutral solution. However, admirable copper removal of 98.2% is even achieved in acidic solutions with a given concentration of ammonium bicarbonate, so this sample can be a good candidate for Cu ions removal from acidic water.
Intensive Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture Reduces Zooplankton Abundance and Diversity in the Aquaculture Ponds
Authors: Tran Ngoc Nguyen , Tran Tam T. , Nguyen Duc Thanh , Truong Trinh Si – Hai , Nguyen Anh Tuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In shrimp aquaculture systems, zooplankton represent a potential food source for larvae and juveniles due to its high nutritional value and size-suitability. Although many studies investigated zooplankton community in various aquaculture systems, little knowledge exists on how this varies among different culture systems. Here, we investigated how zooplankton abundance, diversity and density differ among three shrimp culture systems, namely extensive, semi-intensive and intensive. In total, 28 zooplankton species of 7 different groups were recorded. Copepods, rotifers and decapods were dominant groups, accounting for more than 80% of total zooplankton density. Brachionus plicatilis was the most abundant species. A key finding was that species richness and diversity were higher in extensive and semi-intensive culture than in intensive culture. Zooplankton density was highest (106 ind/m3) in extensive systems which was 3 and 8 times higher than in intensive and semi-intensive systems, respectively. Density of zooplankton was lowest (4886 ind/m3 in May) in the early stage of culture but notably higher in the later stage (8.9 × 105 ind/m3 in June and 5.9 × 105 ind/m3 in July). This is probably because the zooplankton community in the culture systems experienced a high predation pressure by cultured organisms during the early stage but were gradually less preyed upon over time. The obtained findings suggest that zooplankton assemblages in the ponds appeared to be an important food source for cultured organisms, especially during the early stage. It would be beneficial to establish an abundant assemblage of zooplankton in shrimp culture system prior to stocking.
«Study of 32 new phage tail-like bacteriocins (pyocins) from a clinical collection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and of their potential use as typing markers and antimicrobial agents»
Authors: Blasco Lucía , Aledo Manuel González , Ortiz-Cartagena Concha , Blériot Inés , Pacios Olga , López María , Fernández-García Laura , Barrio-Pujante Antonio , Hernández-Garcia Marta , Cantón Rafael , Tomás María 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phage tail-like bacteriocins (PTLBs) are large proteomic structures similar to the tail phages. These structures function in bacterial competition by making pores in the membrane of their competitors. The PTLBs identified in Pseudomonas pneumoniae are known as R and F pyocins, which have a narrow spectrum of action. Their specificity is determined by the tail fiber and is closely related to the lipopolysaccharide type of the target competitor strain.
In this study, the genome sequences of 32 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were analysed to investigate the presence of R and F pyocins, and one was detected in all strains tested. The pyocins were classified into 4 groups on the basis of the tail fiber and also the homology, phylogeny and structure of the cluster components. A relationship was established between these groups and the sequence type and serotype of the strain of origin and finally the killing spectrum of the representative pyocins was determined showing a variable range of activity between 0 and 37.5%. The findings showed that these pyocins could potentially be used for typing clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, on the basis of their genomic sequence and cluster structure, and also as antimicrobial agents.
Purification and partial characterization of a thermostable peroxidase isoenzyme from Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) seedlings
Authors: MBASSI Yves MANN ELATE LEA , BEBANDOUE Marie Solange EVEHE , Mbacham Wilfred Fon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background:
Some applications of peroxidases imply reactions proceeding at high temperatures. In our previous studies, thermostable peroxidase isoenzymes were detected in the seedlings of Vigna sp. One of these isoperoxidases (named peroxidase A6) especially had a great activity in these seedlings. Its isolation and characterization is thus necessary for a thorough study of its biotechnological potential.
Results:
Peroxidase A6 was purified from Bambara groundnut seedling roots by a combination of gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, heat treatment, CM-cellulose chromatography and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It has a molecular weight of about 41 kDa and exhibits a great activity toward the oxidation of O-dianisidine, ABTS, TMB, DAB and OPD at acid optimum pH (pH 3 for ABTS, pH 4 for OPD and pH 6 for the others) and toward the reduction of H2O2. Apparent Km values for these substrates were respectively 3.50 mM, 0.12 mM, 1.81 mM, 0.05 mM, 17.22 mM and 2.53 mM; catalytic efficiencies were 5.12×104 mM-1.min-1, 2.22×106 mM-1.min-1, 1.59×105 mM-1.min-1, 1.82×105 mM-1.min-1, 3.17×105 mM-1.min-1and 1.79×106 mM-1.min-1. It has an optimum temperature of activity around 60°C, and its heat inactivation fit to the first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.06 weeks, 13.5 hours, 15 min and 3.5 min at 50°C, 70°C, 80°C and 90°C respectively. The calculated activation energy (E) for its thermal inactivation was found to be 221.5 KJ/mol at pH 8. It loose only 5% of its initial activity over a period of 4 months. Mg2+ inhibits the activity of the enzyme. The Ca2+ions greatly increase the stability of this peroxidase at 80 °C, while Mn2+and Zn2+ reduce it. The enzyme is inhibited by sodium azide at concentrations above 1 µM with an IC50value around 10 µM. This inhibition, in addition to the RZ value (A403nm/A280nm) evaluated at 2.4 confirms the presence at its active site of a heme group common to class III peroxidases.
Conclusion:
The unusual catalytic and thermal characteristics of peroxidase A6 could make it a potent tool in several biotechnological applications, especially as part of kit for enzyme immunoassays and clinical diagnosis.
Hemolytic Iron Regulation in Traumatic Brain Injury and Alcohol Use
Authors: Agas Agnieszka , Ravula Arun Reddy , Ma Xiaotang , Cheng Yiming , Belfield Kevin D. , Haorah James 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Hemorrhage is a major component of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Red blood cells, accumulated at the hemorrhagic site, undergo hemolysis upon energy depletion and release free iron into the central nervous system. This iron must be managed to prevent iron neurotoxicity and ferroptosis. As prior alcohol consumption is often associated with TBI, we examined iron regulation in a rat model of chronic alcohol feeding subjected to fluid percussion induced TBI. We found that alcohol consumption prior to TBI altered the expression profiles of the lipocalin 2/heme oxygenase 1/ferritin iron management system. Notably, unlike TBI alone, TBI following chronic alcohol consumption sustained the expression of all three regulatory proteins for 1-, 3-, and 7-days post-injury. In addition. alcohol significantly affected TBI-induced expression of ferritin light chain at 3-days post injury. We also found that alcohol affected TBI-induced activation of microglia at 7-days post-injury. Finally, we propose that microglia may also play a role in iron management through red blood cell clearance.
Der Staat als Anbieter neuer Mobilitätsformen?
Authors: Zumsteg Patrice Martin 
Published: September 2022

In den letzten Jahren geriet die Post-Tochter PubliBike AG immer wieder in die Schlagzeilen, bis schliesslich vor wenigen Monaten ihr Verkauf verkündet wurde. Anhand der Unternehmensgeschichte der PubliBike AG wird vorliegend ein Vorschlag präsentiert, wie privatwirtschaftliche Staatstätigkeit grundrechtlich erfasst und so einer rechtsstaatlichen Überprüfung zugeführt werden könnte. Dabei ist zwischen der Aufnahme einer privatwirtschaftlichen Tätigkeit und der Ausübung einer solchen zu differenzieren. Beide Formen staatlichen Handelns können eine mittelbare Einschränkung der Wirtschaftsfreiheit (Art. 27 i.V.m. Art. 94 BV) zur Folge haben. Entsprechend müsste der wirtschaftende Staat sein Tun am Massstab von Art. 36 BV rechtfertigen.
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La filiale de la Poste PubliBike SA, dont la vente a été annoncée il y a quelques mois, a régulièrement fait la une des journaux ces dernières années. En se basant sur l'histoire de l'entreprise PubliBike SA, l'article vise à interroger l'activité étatique d'économie privée sous l'angle des droits fondamentaux, la soumettant ainsi au contrôle de l'Etat de droit. Il convient dès lors de faire une distinction entre le lancement d'une activité économique privée et l'exercice de celle-ci. Ces deux formes d'activité étant susceptibles d'entraîner une restriction indirecte à la liberté économique (art. 27 Cst. en relation avec l'art. 94 Cst.), l'Etat devrait les justifier à l'aune de l'art. 36 Cst.
Renormalization group and effective potential: a simple non-perturbative approach
Authors: Gaite Jose 
Published: September 2022

We develop a simple non-perturbative approach to the calculation of a
field theory effective potential that is based on the Wilson or exact
renormalization group. Our approach follows Shepard et al.’s idea [Phys.
Rev. D51, 7017 (1995)] of converting the exact renormalization group
into a self-consistent renormalization method. It yields a simple second
order differential equation for the effective potential. The equation
can be solved and its solution is compared with other non-perturbative
results and with results of perturbation theory. In three dimensions, we
are led to study the sextic field theory (\lambda\phi^4+g\phi^6λϕ4+gϕ6).
We work out this theory at two-loop perturbative order and find the
non-perturbative approach to be superior.
Treating diabetic macular edema: comparative efficacy of 577 nm laser navigation exposure and threshold 532 nm laser coagulation combined with anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: Krylova I. A. , Yablokova N. V. , Fabrikantov O. L. 
Published: September 2022

The Navilas 577 laser system integrates a laser coagulator with a tracking system and a fundus camera. The system ensures operation planning and representing the results of optical coherence tomography on the fundus image, which makes the treatment fast, clearly observable and safe and minimizes damage to healthy tissues.Purpose. To compare the results of threshold laser coagulation in the treatment of DME using a Navilas 577 laser and a Quantel Medical 532 nm device.Materials and methods. 64 patients aged 41–80 (64 eyes) with DME less than 350 μm high were examined after intravitreal administration of angiogenesis inhibitors and threshold lattice laser coagulation using Quantel Medical 532 and Navilas 577.Results. A lower height of the edema and an increase in visual acuity were observed in both cases, but in the Navilas 577 laser group the BCVA was higher than in Quantel Madical 532, whilst the edema height in the Navilas 577 laser group in the central fovea area was less high.Conclusion. 1. The combination of retinal laser coagulation and angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of low DME (less than 350 μm) provides good results, so it can be justified and expedient in real clinical practice. The efficiency of 577 nm navigation laser exposure was found to be higher than that of threshold 532 nm laser coagulation.
The effectiveness of additional medical management of patients in the early stages after reconstructive interventions on the auxiliary apparatus of the eye: assessment of changes in the tissues of the ocular surface and eyelids
Authors: Filatova I. A. , Shemetov S. A. , Kondratieva Yu. P. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy using the moisturizing ophthalmic solution, Hyloparin-Comod®, and the lubricating ophthalmic agent Parin-Pos® in complex medical management in the early stages after reconstructive interventions on the auxiliary apparatus of the eye.Material and methods. The clinical group consisted of 30 patients (40 eyes) aged 18 to 75 (m = 58.46 ± 7.31), of which 7 (23.3 %) were men; and 23 (74.7 %) women. Of these, 18 patients had ptosis of the upper eyelid (of which 10 had bilateral ptosis), 8 had inversion of the eyelids and 4 had eversion. All patients underwent reconstructive plastic surgery on the auxiliary apparatus of the eye: ptosis of the upper eyelid was treated by various methods depending on its type: 18 patients received plastic surgery of the levator aponeurosis (in 8 cases on both eyes; simultaneously, blepharochalasis resection was performed), 4 patients underwent levator shortening, 4 patients underwent eyebrow suspension (of these, 2 patients had the procedure on both eyes, hanging to the eyebrow – 4 operations (both eyes were operated on in two patients), 2 had tarzomyectomy; 8 had elimination of inversion, and 4 had elimination of eversion. In the postoperative period, instillations of antiseptics and antibiotics were supplemented by tear replacement and keratoprotective therapy: Hyloparin-Comod® was instilled 3 times during the day, while Parin-Pos® ointment was placed under and on the eyelids before going to bed. The course of treatment lasted 1 month. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmological examination before surgery as well as 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months after surgery. The criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment were the condition of the eyelid skin on a pointwise scale (Manchester scar scale), the result of biomicroscopy / biomicroscopy with fluorescein staining of the conjunctiva and cornea, Norn test.Results. In all cases of the use of Hyloparin-Comod® and Parin-Pos® combination, good subjective tolerability was noted, the patients had no complaints of discomfort due to the use of drops or ointment.Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate that the proposed combination of drugs contributes to improving the favorable condition of eyelid skin and wound healing with the formation of a delicate scar, rapid resolution of conjunctival and eyelid swelling, prevention of corneal microerosions, minimization of corneal epithelial edema and tear film stability.
Epidemiology of neoplasms of the eye and adnexa in Orenburg region
Authors: Aprelev A. E. , Abdulgazizova Z. F. , Zakirova I. I. , Aprelev A. A. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To analyze the incidence of neoplasms of the eye and its appendages among residents of the Orenburg region, and determine its structure and dynamics within a 5-year period (2013 to 2017).Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of morbidity of patients of the polyclinic and the 2nd ophthalmological department of Orenburg Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 was performed for the patients aged 4 months to 90 years.Results. Over the analyzed period (2013-2017) the incidence of oncological diseases of the eye and adnexa fell by 42 %. On the other hand, the share of malignant neoplasms increased by 40.3 %. On the whole, out-patients with neoplasms showed 68.6 % of basal cell carcinomas and 31.4 % of other malignancies, while hospitalized patients showed 58 % of basal cell carcinomas, 23.7 % of uveal melanomas and 18.3 % of other malignancies. Oncopathology of the eye and adnexa was found to affect women twice as often as men.Conclusion. The obtained results may be used to assess the changes of the morbidity for Orenburg region in prospective and retrospective aspects, as well as assess, by extrapolation, the incidence of the pathology under study in other Russian areas.
Optical and biometric indicators of the eye in children with juvenile glaucoma combined with myopia
Authors: Khamroeva Yu. A. , Khamraeva L. S. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. To analyze optical and biometric indicators of children's eyes with various stages of congenital juvenile glaucoma (CJG) combined with myopia.Material and methods. We examined 17 patients (31 eyes) aged 11 to 17 (averagely 14.0 ± 0.2 years) diagnosed with CYG who underwent, prior to surgical or conservative treatment, a regular ophthalmological examination supplemented with the measurement of the central corneal thickness (on an automatic contactless tonometer-pachymeter by NIDEK, USA), and the index of corneal deformation (ICD) by the Shkrebets technique.Results. The analysis showed a possible correlation between 1) tonometric intraocular pressure (Pt) and the axial length of the eye, 2) Pt and the ratio of excavation to optic disk diameter (E/ON), 3) axial length of the eye and the central corneal thickness at the terminal CYG stage, and 4) the axial length and the refraction at the initial stage of CYG.Conclusion. As the glaucomatous process progresses, children with CYG combined with myopia show an increase of myopic refraction, a decrease in fibrous membrane rigidity, pretrabecular and trabecular changes, axial elongation, increased IOP due to an imbalance between the production of intraocular fluid and its outflow, an expansion of the excavation of the optic disk and a decrease in the central corneal thickness.