bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Dynamics and Performance Association of theTetrasphaera-Enriched Microbiome for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal
Authors: Wang Hui , Wang Yubo , Zhang Guoqing , Zhao Ze , Ju Feng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTetrasphaerawere recently identified based on the 16S rRNA gene as among the most abundant polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in global full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). However, it is unclear howTetrasphaeraPAOs are selectively enriched in the context of the EBPR microbiome. In this study, an EBPR microbiome enriched withTetrasphaera(accounting for 40% of 16S sequences on day 113) was built using a top-down design approach featuring multicarbon sources and a low dosage of allylthiourea. The microbiome showed enhanced nutrient removal (P removal ~85% and N removal ~80%) and increased P recovery (up to 23.2 times) compared with the seeding activated sludge from a local full-scale WWTP. The supply of 1 mg/L allylthiourea promoted the coselection ofTetrasphaeraPAOs andMicrolunatusPAOs and sharply reduced the relative abundance of both ammonia oxidizerNitrosomonasand putative competitorsBrevundimonasandParacoccus, facilitating the establishment of the EBPR microbiome. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, a putative novel PAO species, EBPR-ASV0001, was identified withTetrasphaera japonicaas its closest relative. This study provides new knowledge on the establishment of aTetrasphaera-enriched microbiome facilitated by allylthiourea, which can be further exploited to guide future process upgrading and optimization to achieve and/or enhance simultaneous biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal from high-concentration wastewater.
The ecology of cancer prevalence across species: Cancer prevalence is highest in desert species and high trophic levels
Authors: Kapsetaki Stefania E. , Compton Zachary , Rupp Shawn M. , Garner Michael M. , Duke Elizabeth G. , Boddy Amy M. , Harrison Tara M. , Aktipis Athena , Maley Carlo C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe ecology in which species live and evolve likely affects their health and vulnerability to diseases including cancer. Using 14,267 necropsy records across 244 vertebrate species, we tested if animals in low productivity habitats, with large habitat range, high body temperature and weight-inferred estimates of metabolic rates, and in high trophic levels (from lowest to highest: herbivores, invertivores, primary carnivores, and secondary carnivores) are linked with having increased prevalence of neoplasia. This study found that: (1) habitat productivity negatively correlated with the prevalence of malignancy and neoplasia across tissues, and malignancy and neoplasia in gastrointestinal tissues; (2) inferred metabolic rates negatively correlated with the prevalence of neoplasia; and (3) trophic levels positively correlated with malignancy and neoplasia prevalence in both mammals and non-mammals. However, only the correlations with trophic levels remained significant after Bonferroni corrections for multiple testing. There are several mechanisms that might explain these findings, including the biomagnification of carcinogens in higher trophic levels, as well as tradeoffs between cancer suppression versus reproduction and survival in low productivity environments.
Large-scale proteomic analysis of T. spiralis muscle-stage ESPs identifies a novel upstream motif for in silico prediction of secreted products
Authors: Nash Bradley , Gregory William F. , White Rhiannon R. , Protasio Anna , Gygi Steve P. , Selkirk Murray E. , Weekes Michael P. , Artavanis-Tsakonas Katerina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Trichinella genus contains parasitic nematodes capable of infecting a wide range of hosts including mammals, birds and reptiles. Like other helminths, T. spiralis secretes a complex mixture of bioactive molecules capable of modulating its immediate surroundings and creating a hospitable environment for growth, survival and ultimately transmission. The constitution of these excretory-secretory products (ESPs) changes depending on the tissue niche and the specific stage of parasite development. Unique to T. spiralis is a true intracellular stage wherein larvae develop inside striated myotubes. Remarkably, the parasite larvae do not destroy the host cell but rather reprogram it to support their presence and growth. This transformation is largely mediated through stage-specific secretions released into the host cell cytoplasm. In this study, we apply state of the art proteomics and computational approaches to elucidate the composition and functions of muscle-stage T. spiralis ESPs. Moreover, we define a commonly-occurring, upstream motif that we believe is associated with the stichosome, the main secretory organ of this worm, and can thus be used to predict secreted proteins across experimentally less tractable T. spiralis life cycle stages.Author SummaryTrichinella spiralis is the only helminth parasite with a true intracellular stage. Newborn larvae penetrate the intestinal wall of the host, enter the circulation and preferentially infect muscle cells. Remarkably, they do not destroy the host cell but rather initiate a series of modulatory events that transform it into a ‘nurse cell complex’, a collagenated cyst that can persist for years. Each stage of T. spiralis development is guided by host-targeted secretions released by the worm directly into its immediate environment, mediating events such as immunoregulation, cell cycle control and angiogenesis. As such, these worm effectors hold therapeutic potential for chronic and autoimmune diseases. The composition of excretory-secretory products (ESPs) changes according to what the worm needs to accomplish and what tissue niche it is occupying at the time, with many deriving from the stichosome, the worm’s dedicated secretory organ. In this study, we characterise ESPs of muscle-stage T. spiralis larvae using proteomic and bioinformatic approaches and we define a regulatory motif associated with stichosome-derived proteins.
Readout of histone methylation by Trim24 locally restricts chromatin opening by p53
Authors: Isbel Luke , Iskar Murat , Durdu Sevi , Grand Ralph S. , Weiss Joscha , Hietter-Pfeiffer Eric , Kozicka Zuzanna , Michael Alicia K. , Burger Lukas , Thomä Nicolas H. , Schübeler Dirk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe genomic binding sites of the transcription factor (TF) and tumour suppressor p53 are unusually diverse in regards to their chromatin features, including histone modifications, opening the possibility that chromatin provides context-dependence for p53 regulation.Here, we show that the ability of p53 to open chromatin and activate its target genes is indeed locally restricted by its cofactor Trim24. Trim24 binds to both p53 and unmethylated lysine 4 of histone H3, thereby preferentially locating to those p53 sites that reside in closed chromatin, while it is deterred from accessible chromatin by lysine 4 methylation.The presence of Trim24 increases cell viability upon stress and enables p53 to impact gene expression as a function of the local chromatin state.These findings link histone methylation to p53 function and illustrate how specificity in chromatin can be achieved, not by TF-intrinsic sensitivity to histone modifications, but by employing chromatin-sensitive cofactors which locally modulate TF function.
Emergence of joint health and safety committees in Algerian companies: an exploratory study
Authors: Bousfot Widad , Saadi Saadia , Djebabra Mebarek 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe objective of this article is to carry out an exploratory study on the emergence of health and safety committees (HSC) in Algerian companies.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology chosen, governed by the systemic approach, is centered on the exploration of HSC emergence factors in companies.FindingsThe suggested method consists in defining hypotheses found in the literature on the emergence of HSC in order to affirm or refute them in the case of Algerian companies.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the fact that a good number of Algerian industrial companies were solicited; the number of respondents was limited. This limitation confirms the difficulty commonly encountered in exploratory studies by questionnaire.Practical implicationsThe results of this exploratory study serve as a basis for the elaboration of a national action plan dedicated to HSC emergence in Algerian companies.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted in Algerian companies on HSC emergence. The identification of emergence problems allows drawing up an effective action plan to solve them.
Virtual meetings and wellbeing: insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Standaert Willem , Thunus Sophie , Schoenaers Frédéric 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between virtual meeting participation and wellbeing. Based on the conservation of resources theory, we hypothesize that participation in more virtual meetings is associated with both negative and positive wellbeing indicators.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was sent to 3,530 employees across five Belgian universities in April 2020. Useful data from 814 respondents was collected and analyzed to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe authors find support for their hypotheses, namely that participating in more virtual meetings is associated not only with negative wellbeing indicators (workload, stress and fatigue) but also with a positive wellbeing indicator, namely work influence.Research limitations/implicationsGiven the unique work-from-home context during the pandemic, the generalizability of our findings may be limited. Nevertheless, this study contributes to the literature on Meeting Science and Virtual Work, as it is the first study to empirically relate virtual meetings to wellbeing indicators, including a positive one.Practical implicationsAs virtual meetings and work-from-home are expected to remain prevalent, understanding wellbeing implications is of high managerial importance. Their findings can be useful for (HR) managers who develop flexible work policies for a post-pandemic world.Social implicationsThe findings draw attention to the importance of maintaining a healthy balance between productivity and wellbeing in creating a sustainable work(-from-home) context.Originality/valueThe COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to obtain insight on the relationship between virtual meetings and wellbeing at an unprecedented scale.
Family businesses in tourism – the use of digital technologies in times of uncertainty and crisis
Authors: Melović Marica , Baynazoğlu Mehmet Emin , Šerić Neven 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of digital technologies on the promotion of tourist offer from the perspective of family businesses. The paper tries to provide a better understanding of the factors that determine the use of digital technologies in the family tourism business, both in the modern digital world and in times of uncertainty and crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe survey method was used in the realization of the research. Data were collected using a stratified random sample of 86 tourism providers in Montenegro and analyzed by using SEM models, logistic regression and descriptive statistics.FindingsThe results showed that the demographic characteristics of the respondents were the least important factors in the analysis; while factors that significantly affected the use of digital technologies in Montenegrin tourism included the nature of future tourism trends perceived by respondents, crisis and uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, participants’ perceptions, attitudes and understanding of the specificities of digital technologies and benefits they offer to tourists, perceived from the perspective of the family business representative. Furthermore, the results of logistic regression revealed that pandemic had stronger consequences on micro and small enterprises, compared to those imposed on medium-sized firms. These impacts relate to changes in organization and redesign of workflows, altered communication from traditional to digital and increased importance of business innovations. On the other hand, the increased significance of integration of marketing channels for multiple target segments, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, was stronger pronounced in medium-sized businesses compared to micro and small ones.Originality/valueThe results obtained may serve the holders of the tourist offer, managers and decision-makers when making decisions on the imposition of digital technologies in tourism, in order to secure global reach business, multi-channel tourist interaction, cost-saving and being ahead of competitors. This enables an integrated analysis that forms the basis for further creation of tourism and marketing policies at the individual and collective level to attract tourists and strengthen Montenegro’s competitiveness as a destination.
Reappreciating the varieties of police behavior: a national examination of contemporary police mission statements
Authors: Dario Lisa M. , Cesar Gabriel T. , Crichlow Vaughn J. 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe current and ongoing police legitimacy crises demand a renewed analysis of the police mission in American law enforcement. This research aims to examine the mission statements of a national sample of police agencies, and generates an organizational typology of contemporary policing styles.Design/methodology/approachUsing the responsive agencies listed in the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) as a sampling frame, mission statements from 2,826 departments were collected from official law enforcement websites. Wilson's (1968) seminal typology of policing styles was then used to classify the emergent patterns from the mission statements. Mission statement patterns that did not fit squarely into Wilson's model (i.e. watchman, service and legalistic styles of policing) were classified to update the model and account for contemporary police goals and organizational orientations.FindingsA theme of outward-facing legitimacy among police organizations emerged as a new variety of police behavior, according to collected mission statements. The researchers’ findings suggest that public perceptions of police legitimacy are a primary concern for today's police forces.Originality/valueThis research reappreciates the utility of Wilson's typology of policing styles, and provides insight into the cultivation of police legitimacy. The authors identify a fourth typology of organizational behavior, legitimacy, that may be an emerging, professional police response to both contemporary crime issues and public antipathy.
Procurement maturity and IT failures in the public sector
Authors: Hua Stella Y. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate disastrous failures in high-value, high-risk IT procurement among US public agencies. The goal is to understand the cause of the failures and explore the role of procurement in IT public investments.

Design/methodology/approach
The establishment of the maturity model is based on the relevant literature review and IT procurement failures at four different US public agencies. The data is gathered through multiple sources, including documents, archival records and interviews.

Findings
The findings add to the public procurement literature and highlight the catalyst role of procurement maturity in the success of IT public procurement. They also call for public agencies to grow procurement maturity and increase procurement impact throughout the procurement process.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed model was primarily based on four Information Technology (IT) procurement failures. Investigations on IT procurement successes and on a larger scale are necessary to further validate and expand the model.

Practical implications
The proposed model can help public agencies identify where they are in their IT procurement journey and formulate plans to reduce the likelihood of IT procurement failure.

Social implications
The proposed model helps public agencies achieve IT procurement success, which leads to timely policy implementation, huge federal savings and better use of taxpayer money.

Originality/value
This paper provides an effective framework for public agencies seeking to overcome high-value high-risk IT procurement challenges and achieve IT procurement success.
Nitrogen availability and plant–plant interactions drive leaf silicon concentration in wheat genotypes
Authors: de Tombeur Felix , Lemoine Taïna , Violle Cyrille , Fréville Hélène , Thorne Sarah J. , Hartley Sue E. , Lambers Hans , Fort Florian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Estimating plasticity of leaf silicon (Si) in response to abiotic and biotic factors underpins our comprehension of plant defences and stress resistance in natural and agroecosystems. However, how nitrogen (N) addition and intraspecific plant–plant interactions affect Si concentration remains unclear.

We grew 19 durum wheat genotypes (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) in pots, either alone or in intra‐ or intergenotypic cultures of two individuals, and with or without N. Above‐ground biomass, plant height and leaf [Si] were quantified at the beginning of the flowering stage.

Nitrogen addition decreased leaf [Si] for most genotypes, proportionally to the biomass increase. Si plasticity to plant–plant interactions varied significantly among genotypes, with both increases and decreases in leaf [Si] when mixed with a neighbour, regardless of the mixture type (intra‐/intergenotype). Besides, increased leaf [Si] in response to plant–plant interactions was associated with increased plant height.

Our results suggest the occurrence of both facilitation and competition for Si uptake from the rhizosphere in wheat mixtures. Future research should identify which leaf and root traits characterise facilitating neighbours for Si acquisition. We also show that Si could be involved in height gain in response to intraspecific competition, possibly for increasing light capture. This important finding opens up new research directions on Si and plant–plant interactions in both natural ecosystems and agroecosystems. More generally, our results stress the need to explore leaf Si plasticity in responses to both abiotic and biotic factors to understand plant stress resistance.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Influence of delayed density and ultraviolet radiation on caterpillar baculovirus infection and mortality
Authors: Pepi Adam , Pan Vincent , Rutkowski Danielle , Mase Vinay , Karban Richard 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Infectious disease is an important potential driver of population cycles but must occur through delayed density‐dependent infection and resulting fitness effects. Delayed density‐dependent infection by baculoviruses can be caused by environmental persistence of viral occlusion bodies (OBs), which can be influenced by environmental factors. Specifically, ultraviolet radiation is potentially important in reducing the environmental persistence of viruses by inactivating OBs.

Delayed density‐dependent viral infection has rarely been observed empirically at the population level although theory predicts that it is necessary for pathogens to drive population cycles. Similarly, field studies have not examined the effects of ultraviolet radiation on viral infection rates in natural animal populations. We tested if viral infection is delayed density‐dependent with the potential to drive cyclic dynamics and if ultraviolet radiation influences viral infection levels.

We censused 18 Ranchman's tiger moth (Arctia virginalis) populations across 9° of latitude over 2 years and quantified the effects of direct and delayed density and ultraviolet radiation on proportion infected by baculovirus, infection severity and survival to adulthood. Caterpillars were collected from field populations and reared in the laboratory. Baculovirus has not previously been described infecting A. virginalis, and we used genetic methods to confirm the identity of the virus.

We found that proportion infected, infection severity and survival to adulthood exhibited delayed density dependence. Ultraviolet radiation in the previous summer decreased infection severity, which increased caterpillar survival probability. Structural equation modelling indicated that the effect of lagged density on caterpillar survival was mediated through proportion infected and infection severity and was 2.5‐fold stronger than the indirect effect of ultraviolet. We successfully amplified polh, lef‐8 and lef‐9 viral genes from caterpillars, and BLAST results confirmed that the virus was a nucleopolyhedrovirus.

Our findings provide clear evidence that delayed density‐dependent mortality can arise through viral infection rate and severity in insects, which supports the role of viral disease as a mechanism, among others, that may drive insect population cycles. Furthermore, our findings support predictions that ultraviolet radiation can modify viral disease dynamics in insect populations, most likely through attenuating viral persistence in the environment.
Spring phenology and pathogen infection affect multigenerational plant attackers throughout the growing season
Authors: Gaytán Álvaro , Gotthard Karl , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Climate change has been shown to advance spring phenology, increase the number of insect generations per year (multivoltinism) and increase pathogen infection levels.

However, we lack insights into the effects of plant spring phenology and the biotic environment on the preference and performance of multivoltine herbivores and whether such effects extend into the later part of the growing season.

To this aim, we used a multifactorial growth chamber experiment to examine the influence of spring phenology on plant pathogen infection, and how the independent and interactive effects of spring phenology and plant pathogen infection affect the preference and performance of multigenerational attackers (the leaf miner Tischeria ekebladella and the aphid Tuberculatus annulatus) on the pedunculate oak in the early, mid and late parts of the plant growing season.

Pathogen infection was highest on late phenology plants, irrespective of whether inoculations were conducted in the early, mid or late season. The leaf miner consistently preferred to oviposit on middle and late phenology plants, as well as healthy plants, during all parts of the growing season, whereas we detected an interactive effect between spring phenology and pathogen infection on the performance of the leaf miner. Aphids preferred healthy, late phenology plants during the early season, healthy plants during the mid season, and middle phenology plants during the late season, whereas aphid performance was consistently higher on healthy plants during all parts of the growing season.

Our findings highlight that the impact of spring phenology on pathogen infection and the preference and performance of insect herbivores is not restricted to the early season, but that its imprint is still present – and sometimes equally strong – during the peak and end of the growing season. Plant pathogens generally negatively affected herbivore preference and performance, and modulated the effects of spring phenology. We conclude that spring phenology and pathogen infection are two important factors shaping the preference and performance of multigenerational plant attackers, which is particularly relevant given the current advance in spring phenology, pathogen outbreaks and increase in voltinism with climate change.