bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Innovation Within Chinese Firms in the Space Sector
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tsang Denise 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChinese firms have made considerable progress in the space industry within recent decades; some larger state entities have joined the Fortune Global 500 list. The market liberalization, since 2014, has further attracted aspiring new entrants. This article develops a conceptual model by synthesizing business process and knowledge management among high-tech employees to understand technological accumulation within the context of the quadruple helix. We examine the case study of Zhuhai Orbita Aerospace Science and Technology in the Southern Guangdong Province of China, based on extensive primary and secondary data collection. The findings in this article suggest that technological accumulation within the firm is linked to cultural mechanisms, and therefore provides a broad perspective on knowledge management. The findings in this article also suggest that global firms that connect with China’s past are more likely to motivate talented employees in the industry.
Anaphylaxis to food additives
Authors: Treudler Regina , Simon Jan Christoph 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA variety of additives found in foodstuffs have been associated with triggering of a number of clinical pictures. Hypersensitivity reactions of allergic and non-allergic etiology have been widely described, but are reported to be rare overall. This review presents a selection of food additives for which anaphylactic reactions have been described. These include colorants (e.g., tartrazine, carmine, patent blue), preservatives (e.g., sulfites, sodium benzoate), and thickeners/gelling agents (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose, guar, gum arabic). Possible diagnostic procedures (skin test, specific IgE, cellular antigen stimulation test, oral provocation) are presented. For those affected, avoidance of consumption is facilitated by the mandatory declaration (class name, E‑number/designation) required in the European Union. Only sulfur dioxide and sulfites have to be highlighted as food allergens, depending on the concentration. Due to the limited diagnostic procedures available, it cannot be excluded that the frequency of hypersensitivity to food additives is underestimated.
Re-evaluation of cefepime or piperacillin-tazobactam to decrease use of carbapenems in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (REDUCE-BSI)
Authors: Vu Catherine H. , Venugopalan Veena , Santevecchi Barbara A. , Voils Stacy A. , Ramphal Reuben , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , DeSear Kathryn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
To re-examine the use of noncarbapenems (NCBPs), specifically piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) and cefepime (FEP), for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections (ESBL-E BSIs).

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary-care, academic medical center.

Patients:
The study included patients hospitalized between May 2016 and May 2019 with a positive blood culture for ESBL-E. Patients were excluded if they received treatment with antibiotics other than meropenem, ertapenem, PTZ, or FEP. Patients were also excluded if they were aged <18 years, received antibiotics for <24 hours, were treated for polymicrobial BSI, or received concomitant antibiotic therapy for a separate gram-negative infection.

Methods:
We compared CBPs with FEP or PTZ for the treatment of ESBL-E BSI. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included clinical cure, microbiologic cure, infection recurrence, and resistance development.

Results:
Data from 114 patients were collected and analyzed; 74 (65%) patients received carbapenem (CBP) therapy and 40 (35%) patients received a NCBP (30 received FEP and 10 received PTZ). The overall in-hospital mortality was 6% (N = 7), with a higher death rate in the CBP arm than in the N-CBP arm, (8% vs 3%; P = .42). No difference in mortality was detected between subgroups with Pitt bacteremia score ≥4, those requiring ICU admission, those whose infections were cause by a nongenitourinary source or causative organism (ie, 76 had Escherichia coli and 38 had Klebsiella spp). We detected no differences in secondary outcomes between the groups.

Conclusion:
Compared to CBPs, FEP and PTZ did not result in greater mortality or decreased clinical efficacy for the treatment of ESBL-E BSI caused by susceptible organisms.
Is California’s Electric Vehicle Rebate Regressive? A Distributional Analysis
Authors: Ku Arthur L. , Graham John D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEconomic incentives are in widespread use to stimulate the development of the electric vehicle industry. However, the distributional effects of such incentives have been subject to little empirical inquiry. This study examines how California’s electric vehicle rebate program impacts different income groups financially. Two effects are considered: the income distribution of rebate beneficiaries and the income distribution of the rebate payers. The results reveal that the overall net financial impacts of the electric vehicle rebate program are regressive: the benefit distribution is highly regressive while the cost distribution is slightly progressive. Recent efforts to improve the fairness of the rebate program do not alter our findings. Policy implications are discussed.
How to Define Fast and Slow Progressors in Any-Type Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nomani Ali Z. , Rempel Jeremy L. , Khan Khurshid A. , Shuaib Ashfaq , Jickling Glen C. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT:The variable rate of infarct progression in acute ischemic stroke as assessed by various thresholds excludes a substantial proportion of patients due to time or core constraints. We evaluated 106 patients with any-type occlusion to compare these thresholds and assessed performance of hypoperfusion index (HI) for fast and slow rate of infarct progression. Seven (12.5%) were classified fast progressors and 23 (46%), 25 (50%), 12 (24%), and 33 (66%) slow progressors using different core and time criteria. In comparison, HI categorized 100% (n = 106) of cohort with optimal cutoff 0.5 for any-type occlusion (slow progressors: HI ≤ 0.5), sensitivity/specificity 100%/91%, AUC 0.94, and indicative of eligibility for reperfusion and clinical outcomes (median 90-day modified Rankin Scale; 2 for HI ≤ 0.5 versus 5). Estimation of progressors by HI seems comprehensive but needs external validation.
Bull's eye or typhoon eye? Psychological distress and associated factors in Wuhan and surrounding areas during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gao Haiyan , Chen Xi , Zou Yuchun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused significant psychological consequences among the public, especially for people in the epicenter. This study examined the ‘bull's eye’ model by comparing the level of psychological distress and the effect of different stressors in Wuhan (the original epicenter) with that in the surrounding areas in Hubei Province during the pandemic. Data were obtained from a cross-national survey of 10 478 respondents between the ages of 18 and 80 years in Hubei Province during the peak of the pandemic. Results of the ordinary least squares regression models showed that Wuhan residents experienced more psychological distress than those in the surrounding areas. Social and economic problems caused by the pandemic, risk exposure, perceived discrimination, and information-seeking behaviors were positively associated with distress. Social assistance was negatively associated with distress. Findings were consistent with the bull's eye model by revealing both a higher level of psychological distress and a stronger effect of stressors among the Wuhan residents than with those in low-risk areas. Thus, policymakers and psychological workers should provide adequate psychological services in high-risk areas. Lowering risk exposure, reducing discrimination against people in the epicenter, and improving information quality are essential to alleviate their psychological distress.
Power Distribution and Distributive Politics in Local Developmental States: Evidence from China's Subnational Land Fiscalization
Authors: Zhang Qi , Hou Linke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLand fiscalization in China is a local development strategy intended to tilt the distribution of interests disproportionately toward local officials. We propose that the degree of power concentration among provincial Chinese leaders affects their need for support from lower-level bureaucrats. The more that power is dispersed among provincial leaders, the more they are incentivized to dispense benefits to local officials. To test this hypothesis, we used provincial-year panel data spanning 2003–2012 to examine how power concentration among provincial leaders affected land fiscalization within their jurisdictions. The empirical results robustly supported the hypothesis.
A new bohaiornithid-like bird from the Lower Cretaceous of China fills a gap in enantiornithine disparity
Authors: Wang Xuri , Cau Andrea , Luo Xiaoling , Kundrát Martin , Wu Wensheng , Ju Shubin , Guo Zhen , Liu Yichuan , Ji Qiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new enantiornithine, Musivavis amabilis n. gen. n. sp., is reported from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Biota in western Liaoning, China. The new taxon is similar to the bohaiornithids in the robust subconical teeth, bluntly expanded omal ends of the furcula, caudolaterally oriented lateral trabeculae with triangular distal ends of the sternum, and a robust second pedal digit. Yet it differs from members of Bohaiornithidae in several features recalling other enantiornithine lineages, such as the acuminate rostral ramus of maxilla, the shape of the coracoid lateral margin, the presence of craniolateral processes on the sternum, the proportions of the manual phalanges, and the unspecialized third pedal ungual phalanx. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Mesozoic birds shows that homoplasy significantly affects the reconstruction of enantiornithine relationships. When all phylogenetic characters are considered of equal weight, Musivavis is reconstructed in a lineage related to a radiation of large-bodied enantiornithines including Bohaiornithidae and Pengornithidae. Alternative scenarios based on progressive downweighting of the homoplastic characters support more basal placements of the pengornithids among Enantiornithes, but do not alter the affinity of Musivavis as a member of the “bohaiornithid-grade” group.UUID: http://zoobank.org/617c7062-21ab-4d33-ae80-4edf5a129683
Orchestrating finance with Material Adverse Changes?
Authors: Lalafaryan Narine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrom a legal and economic perspective, the global financial crisis, terrorist attacks, wars, natural catastrophes, and COVID-19 all have one thing in common: they are potentially ‘material adverse change’ events. Such events are unpredictable and have severe consequences for the global economy. To help manage the fallout from such negative events, businesses in economically valuable and complex deals, such as debt financing or mergers and acquisition (M&A) agreements, include special contractual risk allocation provisions, called Material Adverse Change/Effect (MAC) clauses. The COVID-19 crisis has had a drastic effect on M&A and debt financing deals, often leading to renegotiation and sometimes to litigation of these agreements based on MAC clauses. Termination of such transactions via MAC clauses poses serious risks, including those of causing a domino-effect in the market.The effects of MAC clauses in debt finance (as opposed to M&A deals), however, have been largely overlooked both in law and in finance. This paper is the first to investigate the pre-contractual (ex-ante) and contractual (ex-post) effects of MAC clauses in commercial debt financing agreements. It proposes a novel Multifunctional Effect Approach of MAC clauses in debt finance. This paper aims to explain why the commercial parties attach high importance to these vague and uncertain MAC clauses in debt financing agreements but hardly ever rely on them. First, the paper argues that apart from acceleration of the credit facilities, MAC clauses have various beneficial effects, such as screening. Secondly, MAC clauses should be regarded not only as mechanisms to solve information asymmetry but also have the following effects: improving governance, decoupling debt, providing restructuring impulses, countering uncertainty, signalling with acceleration. Potentially, MAC clauses also have the effect of a penalty default rule. The paper finds that despite these functions, the potential of MAC clauses in debt finance is not fully utilised, due to the unique characteristics of debt finance. This significantly undermines the efficiency of MAC clauses in debt finance, as lenders overprotect themselves by additionally relying on other contractual protection mechanisms and risk offsetting strategies for more efficiency.
Plant genome sequence assembly in the era of long reads: Progress, challenges and future directions
Authors: Pucker Boas , Irisarri Iker , de Vries Jan , Xu Bo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Third-generation long-read sequencing is transforming plant genomics. Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences are offering competing long-read sequencing technologies and enable plant scientists to investigate even large and complex plant genomes. Sequencing projects can be conducted by single research groups and sequences of smaller plant genomes can be completed within days. This also resulted in an increased investigation of genomes from multiple species in large scale to address fundamental questions associated with the origin and evolution of land plants. Increased accessibility of sequencing devices and user-friendly software allows more researchers to get involved in genomics. Current challenges are accurately resolving diploid or polyploid genome sequences and better accounting for the intra-specific diversity by switching from the use of single reference genome sequences to a pangenome graph.
A data-mining approach for developing site-specific fertilizer response functions across the wheat-growing environments in Ethiopia
Authors: Abera Wuletawu , Tamene Lulseged , Tesfaye Kindie , Jiménez Daniel , Dorado Hugo , Erkossa Teklu , Kihara Job , Ahmed Jemal Seid , Amede Tilahun , Ramirez-Villegas Julian 
Published: March 2022

Summary
The use of chemical fertilizers is among the main innovations brought by the 1960s Green Revolution. In Ethiopia, fertilizer application during the last four decades has led to significant yield gains, yet yield remains below its potential across much of the country. One of the main challenges responsible for low yield response to fertilizer application has been the use of ‘blanket’ recommendations, whereby no tailoring of fertilizer amount and frequency is done based on soil requirements. As a result, the amount of fertilizer applied ranges widely, and can be either sub- or supra-optimal. There is thus an increasing need for site-specific fertilizer recommendations which take into account site characteristics such as climate variables (temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation); soil factors (soil organic carbon, moisture, pH, texture, cation exchange capacity, and level of macro- and micronutrients); and topographic position indices. This article reports on a data-mining approach we developed on a large dataset of 6585 wheat (Triticum aestivum) field trials. The dataset includes detailed, site-specific biophysical variables to create nutrient response functions that can guide optimal site-specific fertilizer application. The approach used a machine-learning model (random forest) to capture the relationship between nutrients – nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) – and wheat yield. The model explained about 83, 82, 47, and 69% of variances of yield for N, P, K, and S omission, respectively, with consistent performance across training and testing datasets. Expectedly, for N and P omission data, the most important explanatory variables are nutrient rate, followed by soil organic carbon and soil pH. For K and S, however, climatic variables played an important role alongside nutrient rates. The site-specific yield–fertilizer response curves derived from our model are highly variable from location to location, as they are affected by the climatic, soil, or topographic conditions of the site. Importantly, using principal component analysis, we showed that the shape of the fertilizer response curves is a result of the multiple environmental factors (including soil, topography, and climate) that are at play at a given site, rather than of a specific dominant one. The research output is expected to respond to the national policy demands for a sound method to identify the optimal fertilizer rate to increase economic returns of fertilizer investments and take fertilizer utilization research one step further.
Sorghum yield response to NPKS and NPZn nutrients along sorghum-growing landscapes
Authors: Desta Gizaw , Amede Tilahun , Gashaw Tadesse , Legesse Gizachew , Agegnehu Getachew , Mekonnen Kindu , Whitbread Anthony 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the major cereal crop used as staple crop in the arid and semi-arid regions of Ethiopia. Low sorghum yields are attributed to soil, climate and topographic factors. We investigated sorghum yield response to factorial combination of nitrogen and phosphorous (NP) as well as potassium (K), sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn), and how the position of farmers’ fields belonging to different landscape positions (i.e., upslope, mid-slope, and foot slope) could explain fertilizer response and yield variability. The analysis in this study made use of dataset from two sets of on-farm experiments where trials were set at two farmers’ fields for NPKS and three farmers’ fields for NPZn experiments in each landscape position. The experiments were implemented at two sorghum-growing locations (i.e., Hayk and Sirinka) in parts of the north-eastern Amhara region in Ethiopia. Sorghum yield response to fertilizer application was strongly linked to the spatial variation along landscape positions and varied over locations. Fertilizer response was significantly higher at foot slopes compared to mid-slopes and upslope positions, where fields at foot slopes exhibited relatively homogeneous responses. Application of combined nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers, landscape position and the interaction of fertilizer application and landscape positions strongly affected sorghum yield. There was a linear and significant increase in sorghum yield with the increase in the NP rates. The combined application of NP with different levels of KS as well as NP with Zn fertilizer rates did not result in significant yield difference. The results indicated that local factors were much more influential when accounting for the heterogeneity in sorghum yield response to fertilizer. This further acknowledges the importance of a landscape-based fertilizer management approach to respond yield potential variability related with the farmers’ fields and landscape environment. Further investigation is needed to develop homogeneous fertilizer response units based on spatial variability of soil and topographic attributes along the landscape.
Hawkish Biases and Group Decision Making
Authors: Kertzer Joshua D. , Holmes Marcus , LeVeck Brad L. , Wayne Carly 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHow do cognitive biases relevant to foreign policy decision making aggregate in groups? Many tendencies identified in the behavioral decision-making literature—such as reactive devaluation, the intentionality bias, and risk seeking in the domain of losses—have been linked to hawkishness in foreign policy choices, potentially increasing the risk of conflict, but how these “hawkish biases” operate in the small-group contexts in which foreign policy decisions are often made is unknown. We field three large-scale group experiments to test how these biases aggregate in groups. We find that groups are just as susceptible as individuals to these canonical biases, with neither hierarchical nor horizontal group decision-making structures significantly attenuating the magnitude of bias. Moreover, diverse groups perform similarly to more homogeneous ones, exhibiting similar degrees of bias and marginally increased risk of dissension. These results suggest that at least with these types of biases, the “aggregation problem” may be less problematic for psychological theories in international relations than some critics have argued. This has important implications for understanding foreign policy decision making, the role of group processes, and the behavioral revolution in international relations.
Shareholder Litigation Risk and Firms’ Choice of External Growth
Authors: Huang Chenchen , Ozkan Neslihan , Xu Fangming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe provide novel evidence showing that shareholder litigation risk influences firms’ choices of external growth strategies. Using staggered adoption of universal demand (UD) laws, we find that firms under the threat of litigation tend to choose corporate alliances over mergers and acquisitions (M&As). This finding supports the view that alliances offer a low-risk and low-cost alternative to M&As for firms facing litigation risk. Moreover, alliance performance improves after the passage of UD laws, suggesting that firms can make better deal selections under reduced litigation threats. Overall, we establish an unexplored link between litigation risk and firms’ choices of boundary-expanding transactions.
Time delay estimation-based reactionless augmented adaptive sliding mode control of a space manipulator’s pregrasping a target
Authors: Yu Xiaoyan , Guo Jianqiao , Zhang Jianyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReaction null space (RNS) planning and control of a planar three-link space manipulator’s pregrasping a spinning target are studied. First, the Lagrange dynamic model of the manipulator was established. Second, the RNS motion planning algorithm was derived, and the vector norm constraint algorithm of RNS planning was addressed to ensure certain joint angular acceleration constraints were satisfied. Furthermore, an augmented adaptive sliding mode controller based on time delay estimation (TDE) was proposed. This controller estimated the unknowns of the system by TDE technology, in which accurate and complete dynamics were not required, and an adaptive TDE was introduced to decrease the estimation errors and avoid serious chattering. Finally, numerical simulations were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed RNS planning and control algorithm.
The Knights Templar in English towns
Authors: Lee John S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Military Order of the Knights Templar acquired property within English towns, established residences and chapels for its brethren there and developed new urban settlements and markets. This article argues that the role that the Templars played as urban landlords in England has been seriously understated, and that the Order made an impact through their urban property holdings, their privileges and their urban chapels, and in establishing new towns, which were integral to the wider exploitation of their rural resources.
Survival benefit from paediatric transplantation in brucellosis-infected patients listed for heart transplantation
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Fallahi Mohammadali , Shahzadi Hossein 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article reported two cases of brucellosis in children on the waiting list for a cardiac transplant who have been referred with the diagnosis of Fever of Unknown Origin. The serology was positive and patients were treated with cardiac transplantation in the 6thweek. They had no recurrence or rejection. Therefore, brucellosis should be considered in patients on the waiting list for cardiac transplants.