bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Outpatient Antepartum Testing Recommendations: Can Your Clinic Handle It?
Authors: Lende Michelle N. , Morris Bruce A. , Lynch Tara A. 
Published: December 2022

Objective This study was conducted to determine the difference in the number of pregnancies that would qualify for outpatient fetal testing between our current academic practice and that of the 2021 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) antepartum recommendations.
Study Design We performed a retrospective study of all pregnancies that delivered and received prenatal care at our institution between January 1, 2019, and May 31, 2021. The timing and amount of outpatient antepartum testing was determined for each patient. Our current antepartum testing guidelines (clinic protocol) were compared with the 2021 ACOG recommendations (ACOG protocol). Statistical analysis was performed with descriptive statistics and z scoring to compare the total amount of antepartum testing utilized with each protocol.
Results A total of 1,335 pregnancies were included in the study. With the ACOG protocol, an additional 310 (23.2%) of pregnancies would qualify for antepartum testing (57.8% with ACOG protocol vs. 34.6% with clinic protocol). Most of the increased testing was due to maternal age with additional risk factors, hypertensive disorders, diabetes, prepregnancy body mass index ≥ 35, and complex fetal anomalies or aneuploidies. Overall, the ACOG protocol would require an additional 570 antepartum tests (z-score = 4.04, p = 0.000005) over the study period, which is equivalent to 19 additional tests per month and 5 per week. Only nine stillbirths occurred during this time, of which two would have had antepartum testing with both protocols, one would have only had testing per ACOG, and two would have had testing individualized per ACOG.
Conclusion More pregnancies would require outpatient antenatal testing with adoption of the ACOG protocol. A 23% increase in testing would equate to five additional antepartum tests per week. Although this study cannot assess the clinical impact of additional testing, minimal scheduling resources are needed to accommodate this increase.
Key Points
Utility of Pediatric Early Warning Sign Score in Predicting Outcome of PICU Admissions at a Suburban Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Agarwal Deepika , Alam Shahzad , Mazahir Rufaida , Singh Rupa Rajbhandari , Maini Baljeet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAssessment of the severity of illness is very important in intensive care unit care for quality assessment, assessing prognosis, and proper counseling. The goal of the study was to see how well the Pediatric Early Warning Sign (PEWS) score predicted the outcome of pediatric intensive care unit patients. This prospective cross-sectional study included children younger than 18 years. PEWS was calculated at presentation. The outcomes analyzed were mortality (primary outcome), need for mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, and length of stay (LOS). A median score was calculated and compared across the outcome groups. The performance of the PEWS was assessed for calibration and discrimination, and the best cutoff was determined. This study included 237 patients with a median score of 6 (range 4–9). Twenty-two (9.3%) patients required ventilator support and 66 (26.6%) inotropic support. The overall mortality rate was 5.1%, and 16.4% had prolonged LOS (>4 days). The median score of patients was significantly higher among those who died (8.5 vs. 6; p = 0.001), required ventilator support (8 vs. 6; p = 0.001), inotropic support (7 vs. 6; p = 0.030), and prolonged LOS (7 vs. 6; p = 0.001). On calibration, PEWS was found to have a good fit to predict mortality, the need for ventilator support, inotropic support, and prolonged LOS. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the PEWS model yield an area under the curve of 0.966 for mortality, 0.951 for ventilator support, 0.626 for inotropic support, and 0.760 for prolonged LOS. A cutoff value of > 7 was found to be the best to predict the outcome. PEWS is a robust tool to easily prognosticate the patient on the basis of clinical parameters.
FIB fabrication and electron emission characteristics of overhanging tungsten and platinum nanostructures
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: December 2022

The recent advancement in nanofabrication technology has enabled realization of vacuum electron devices with nanogap spacing. These devices have advantages over semiconductor counterparts due to possible operation under hard conditions and some unique functionalities. The challenging task, however, lies with the full understanding of their current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, resulting from various electron emission mechanisms. The reliable extraction of device parameters is, therefore, vital for its potential applications. An attempt has, therefore, been made here to fabricate two three-dimensional overhanging electrodes of tungsten and platinum with a nanoscale gap of 70–100 nm on glass substrates using chemical vapor deposition and focused ion beam milling. Their (I–V) characteristics measured in situ at ∼10−6 mbar are shown to follow the Child–Langmuir law and Fowler–Nordheim field emission at low and high-bias conditions, respectively. The extraction of parameters with a simple procedure suggested earlier yields an effective emission area of ∼3510 Å2, work function of ∼2.5 eV, and field enhancement factor (β) of ∼ 1.8 for tungsten; the values for platinum are 12.5 Å2, 3.0 eV, and 5.0, respectively. The higher β in the case of platinum can be attributed to the formation of a comparatively rough emitter surface with some fine protrusions. The nanostructure gives a current spike at high voltages, which marks its transition to an explosive emission state, breakdown, and dispersion of spherical metal particles over the substrate.
Understanding effect of distortions and vacancies in wurtzite AlScN ferroelectric memory materials: Vacancy-induced multiple defect state types and relaxation dependence in transition energy levels
Authors: Wang Qiang , Go Shao-Xiang , Liu Chen , Li Minghua , Zhu Yao , Li Lunna , Lee Tae Hoon , Loke Desmond K. 
Published: December 2022

Energy-efficient compact alternatives to fully digital computing strategies could be achieved by implementations of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that borrow analog techniques. In-memory computing based on crossbar device architectures with memristive materials systems that execute, in an analog way, multiply-and-accumulate operations prevalent in ANN is a notable example. Ferroelectric (FE) materials are promising candidates for achieving ANN thanks to their excellent down-scalability, improved electrical control, and high energy efficiency. However, it remains challenging to develop a crossbar device architecture using FE materials. The difficulty stems from decreasing the leakage current of FE hardware and, simultaneously, reducing the film thickness for achieving compact systems. Here, we have performed density-functional-theory calculations to investigate the electronic, energy-based, and structural signatures of wurtzite FE material Al0.75Sc0.25N with a nitrogen vacancy (VN) in different charge states. We find that VN can introduce two defect states, viz., the singlet state above the valence band maximum (VBM) and a triplet state below the conduction band minimum in wurtzite AlScN models. The calculations reveal that the group of transition levels E3+/2+/E2+/1+ with small formation energies occur at ∼0.78/1.03 eV above the VBM in the wurtzite AlScN with a relaxed configuration, which may shift by a large degree to lower energy levels if atoms surrounding the defect are not fully relaxed. Theoretical studies elucidate the vacancy-enhanced increase in the leakage current utilizing large AlScN supercells. These findings render atomistic insights that can provide a path forward for the design of next-generation portable low-power electronic systems.
Numerical study of the influence of different water depths on the muzzle flow characteristics of machine gun
Authors: Sun Zhiqun , Li Qiang , Han Yujing , Qu Pu 
Published: December 2022

The mathematical and physical models of the underwater submerged gun are established to study the flow field distribution characteristics of the gun muzzle at different water depths. The Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model and the realizable k–ω transport turbulence model based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method are employed. The muzzle flow field for the 12.7 mm gun that is submerged launched underwater is numerically simulated by combining user-defined functions and overlapping mesh technology. The flow characteristics of the density, velocity, and pressure fields at the gun muzzle at different water depths are analyzed in detail. The results show that the muzzle flow morphology depends mainly on the pressure at different water depths. The muzzle flow field distribution in deep water is more flat due to the high value of water pressure, which limits the expansion of the muzzle gas, and the range of the velocity field of the muzzle flow field at 100 m is one time smaller than that at 1 m.
Simulation and analysis of the secondary-particle-induced background of the follow-up x-ray telescope onboard Einstein Probe
Authors: Situ Zirui , Lu Jingbin , Yang Yanji , Wang Haodi , Li Ruopu , Li Qingyang , Chen Yong , Xu Yupeng 
Published: December 2022

The Einstein Probe (EP) is a small scientific satellite committed to time-domain astronomy and high-energy astrophysics. One of the main payloads in the EP is the Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT). To get a quantity of in-orbit data as a reference, data from the Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) were adopted. The Insight-HXMT is dedicated to perform hard x-ray all-sky surveys, which has a parallel in-orbit environment with the EP. In this paper, we simulated the in-orbit background of an FXT by the Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System, which is the first general-purpose heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code, which has a simulated range from 0.01 meV to 1 TeV. The influence from protons in the EP orbital environment and the secondary rays caused by the shielding materials around the detector have been mainly considered. The Super Monte Carlo Simulation Program for nuclear and radiation Processes has been used to define the materials of the shielding structure. An isotropic source of protons and a complete shielding structure have been constructed in this simulation. First, the spectrum of background between 0.5 and 15 keV has been calculated. Second, we simulated the types of reactions and the fluxes of secondary particles, and all of them were calculated with the same model in the first step. Finally, we considered the effectiveness of the outermost shielding with different materials. Among the calculated spectra of background, we found two conspicuous energy responses with high counts, separately located in 7.345 keV (5 eV) and 8.045 keV (5 eV). Compared with the in-orbit data from the low energy x-ray telescope in the Insight-HXMT, the simulated results are credible. Considering the combination of the simulated types of reactions and fluxes of secondary particles, we could mostly judge that the secondary photons brought the photoelectric effects, which caused the two conspicuous responses in the spectrum of background. In addition, copper was the most suitable material for the outermost shielding in this simulation.
Evaluating morphosemantic demotivation through experimental and distributional methods
Authors: Lombard Alizée , Wauquier Marine , Fabre Cécile , Hathout Nabil , Ho-Dac Lydia-Mai , Huyghe Richard 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The lexicalization of morphologically complex words, i.e. their inclusion in the lexicon, can involve a loss of
semantic compositionality. Such a phenomenon, called demotivation, has been overlooked in both morphological and lexical studies,
notably regarding its gradual nature. This paper compares two measures of demotivation based on experimental and distributional
semantics approaches. It builds on the evaluation of 78 pairs of French verbs and derived nouns selected to represent three levels
of demotivation. The comparison of the two approaches using speakers’ judgements and word vector similarity indicates convergence
on the identification of demotivation degrees within a continuum, while also highlighting specific aspects of each method. The
study provides direction to further research on morphosemantic demotivation, bridging together semantic, morphological and
methodological considerations.
Arsenic doping and diffusion in CdTe: a DFT study of bulk and grain boundaries
Authors: Hatton Peter , Watts Michael , Zhou Ying , Smith Roger , Goddard Pooja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The doping of CdTe with As is a method which is thought to increase cell efficiency by increasing electron hole concentrations. This doping relies on the diffusion of As through CdTe resulting in AsTe substitution. The potential effectiveness of this is considered through kinetic and electronic properties calculations in both bulk and Σ3 and Σ9 grain boundaries using Density Functional Theory. In bulk zinc-blende CdTe, isolated As diffuses with barriers <0.5 eV and with similar barriers through wurtzite structured CdTe, generated by stacking faults, suggesting that As will not be trapped at the stacking faults and hence the transport of isolated As will be unhindered in bulk CdTe. Substitutional arsenic in bulk CdTe has little effect on the band gap except when it is positively charged in the AX-centre position or occurring as a di-interstitial. However in contrast to the case of chlorine, arsenic present in the grain boundaries introduces defect states into the band gap. This suggests that a doping strategy whereby the grain boundaries are first saturated with chlorine, before single arsenic atoms are introduced, might be more beneficial.
Phase evolution for oxidizing bismuth selenide
Authors: Yu Wen-Xia , Liu Bin , Huang Wei-Qing , Zhou Hong , Xie Sheng-Yi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The novel Bi2O2Se, produced by the oxidation of the layered Bi2Se3, has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation electronics owing to its high carrier mobility and air-stability. In this work, by using crystal structure prediction and first-principles calculations, we report the phase transformations from the hexagonal Bi2Se3 to the monoclinic Bi2OSe2, and then to the tetragonal Bi2O2Se with the gradual oxidization. Owing to the difference in electronegativity between selenium (Se) and oxygen (O), the oxidation process is accompanied by an increase in bond ionicity. Our results shed light on the phenomena occurring in the interaction between the precursors Bi2Se3 and O2 and have a potential contribution to the application of optoelectronic devices. The intermediate Bi2OSe2 with calculated band gap of 1.01 eV, may be a candidate for photovoltaic application in future.
Remaining useful life prediction combining temporal convolutional network with nonlinear target function
Authors: Liu Bin , Xu Jing , Sun Chaoli , Cui Xueying , Xie Xiufeng , Zhi Hongying 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Remaining useful life prediction based on degraded data is the premise of intelligent maintenance of equipment. Since the degradation process is usually complex and changeable, the general deep learning prediction method brings a large prediction deviation since it uses linear target function. In this paper, temporal convolutional network combined with a nonlinear target function (NT-TCN) is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy. The nonlinear target function is constructed using a piecewise function to label degraded data. By means of dilated causal convolution and Mish activation function, the NT-TCN learns the time series characteristics of degeneration. Thus, high precision of life prediction is achieved. By analyzing NASA’s C-MAPSS data set, the prediction results show that the NT-TCN model has lower root mean squared error and evaluation score than the neural network model with the linear target function, which is also superior to some existing prediction methods.
An Implementation of Galactic White Dwarf Binary Data Analysis for MLDC-3.1
Authors: Lu Yang , Li En-Kun , Hu Yi-Ming , Zhang Jian-dong , Mei Jianwei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The space-borne gravitational wave detectors will observe a large population of double white dwarf binaries in the Milky Way. However, the search for double white dwarfs in the gravitational wave data will be time-consuming due to the large number of templates involved and antenna response calculation. In this paper, we implement an iterative combinatorial algorithm to search for double white dwarfs in MLDC-3.1 data. To quickly determine the rough parameters of the target sources, the following algorithms are adopted in a coarse search process: (1) using the downsampling method to reduce the number of original data points; (2) using the undersampling method to speed up the generation of a single waveform template; (3) using the stochastic template bank method to quickly construct the waveform template bank while achieving high coverage of the parameter space; (4) combining the FFT acceleration algorithm with the stochastic template bank to reduce the calculation time of a single template. A fine search process is applied to further determine the parameters of the signals based on the coarse search, for which we adopt the particle swarm optimization. Finally, we detect


(

10

4

)

double white dwarf signals, validating the feasibility of our method.
Research on a Coherent Dedispersion Algorithm for Pulsar Baseband Data
Authors: Zhang Hai-Long , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Zhang Meng , Wang Jie , Zhang Ting , Wang Shuang-Qiang , Yuan Jian-ping , Ye Xin-Chen , Li Jian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When the pulsar signal propagates in the interstellar medium (ISM), the high frequency and low frequency components of the signal reach the radio telescope with a certain delay. Therefore, the pulsar signal will appear energy dispersion, which will broaden the pulse profile, decrease the signal to noise ratio, and even lead to the disappearance of the pulse signal. In this paper, we analyze the sampling, polarization and arrangement of baseband data based on the coherent dedispersion algorithm for the problem of pulsar baseband data dedispersion. We systematically study the coherent dedispersion data processing procedure, and test the pulse profile changes under different FFT block sizes. An optimal selection strategy of FFT block sizes is proposed for reducing the operation time and obtaining a better pulse profile. We propose two methods, one is the generation of ISM transfer function, the other is the pulsar period and phase prediction method at a certain time, and discuss integral and folding strategies. We test the algorithm based on the baseband data of CASPSR and Medusa terminals observed by the Parkes 64 m radio telescope, and analyze the reading and processing methods of baseband data of different terminals. The experimental results show that the phase and amplitude information of the pulse profile processed by our algorithm is basically consistent with the results obtained by DSPSR.
Information restriction in two-step cascade: role of fidelity and fluctuations
Authors: Nandi Mintu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Information retained by the middle node X in a generic two-step cascade (TSC) motif (S

→

X

→

Y) is quantified by the metric restricted information (RI). Restricted efficiency, a normalised measure of RI, computes the ability of X in resisting the information flow from S to Y. We incorporate two types of autoregulatory edges, positive and negative, at X of the TSC framework, denoted as +TSC and −TSC, respectively. The role of autoregulatory edges (positive and negative) on the behaviour of X in information restriction is studied with reference to the TSC motif without autoregulation. Our theoretical analysis supplemented by numerical simulation shows that the information restriction imposed by X decreases (increases) with positive (negative) autoregulation. We introduce a dimensionless measure, relative fidelity, to understand the variation in RI due to autoregulatory edges. The relative fidelity is the signal-to-noise ratio for S–X regulation divided by the same for S–Y regulation. We find a specific operating range of the binding coefficient due to the autoregulatory edge at which a minimum (maximum) effect on information restriction is observed in the +TSC (−TSC) motif for high autoregulation strength.
Non-destructive interrogation of nuclear waste barrels through muon tomography: a Monte Carlo study based on dual-parameter analysis via GEANT4 simulations
Authors: Topuz A. Ilker , Kiisk Madis , Giammanco Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The structural characterization of the nuclear materials constitutes an indispensable aspect that necessitates a careful transportation, a limited interaction, and under certain circumstances an on-site investigation for the nuclear fields including but not limited to nuclear waste management, nuclear forensics, and nuclear proliferation. To attain this purpose, among the promising non-destructive/non-hazardous techniques that are performed for the interrogation of the nuclear materials is the muon tomography where the target materials are discriminated by the interplay between the atomic number, the material density, and the material thickness on the basis of the scattering angle and the absorption in the course of the muon propagation within the target volume. In this study, we employ the Monte Carlo simulations by using the GEANT4 code to demonstrate the capability of muon tomography based on the dual-parameter analysis in the examination of the nuclear waste barrels. Our current hodoscope setup consists of three top and three bottom plastic scintillators made of polyvinyl toluene with the thickness of 0.4 cm, and the composite target material is a cylindrical nuclear waste drum with the height of 96 cm and the radius of 29.6 cm where the outermost layer is stainless steel with the lateral thickness of 3.2 cm and the filling material is ordinary concrete that encapsulates the nuclear materials of dimensions 20×20×20 cm3. By simulating with a narrow planar muon beam of 1×1 cm2 over the uniform energy interval between 0.1 and 8 GeV, we determine the variation of the average scattering angle together with the standard deviation by utilizing a 0.5-GeV bin length, the counts of the scattering angle by using a 1-mrad step, and the number of the absorption events for the five prevalent nuclear materials starting from cobalt and ending in plutonium. Via the duo-parametric analysis that is founded on the scattering angle as well as the absorption in the present study, we show that the presence of the nuclear materials in the waste barrels is numerically visible in comparison with the concrete-filled waste drum without any nuclear material, and the muon tomography is capable of distinguishing these nuclear materials by coupling the information about the scattering angle and the number of absorption in the cases where one of these two parameters yields strong similarity for certain nuclear materials.