bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Antiviral Treatment for COVID-19 in Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Gerolymatou Nafsika , Bakasis Athanasios-Dimitrios , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Vlachoyiannopoulos Panayiotis G. 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo describe data on the safety and efficacy of molnupiravir (MP) and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NM/R) in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).MethodsAmong patients with SARD being followed in 2 tertiary outpatient rheumatology clinics, we retrospectively identified those infected with SARS-CoV-2 between February and August 2022 who received MP or NM/R. Patients’ medical files were reviewed for demographics and disease-related characteristics, as well as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) characteristics, including vaccination status, antiviral treatment, side effects, and COVID-19 outcomes.ResultsSeventy-four patients with SARD (52 females) were identified who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and received MP (n = 26, 35.1%) or NM/R (n = 48, 64.9%). Most patients were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (n = 62, 83.8%). Among frequently used regimens were glucocorticoids (n = 43, 58.1%), mycophenolate mofetil (n = 26, 35.1%), tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (n = 14, 18.9%), methotrexate (n = 13, 17.6%), and rituximab (n = 12, 16.2%). Common adverse events were reported only by 4 patients receiving NM/R (metallic taste, gastrointestinal upset, hypertension), not leading to drug discontinuation. During follow-up, all but 2 patients (n = 72, 97.3%) recovered at home without COVID-19–related complications. Nonetheless, we describe 2 presumptive cases of COVID-19 rebound who progressed to severe COVID-19.ConclusionThese data show a favorable outcome and acceptable safety profile of the 2 oral antiviral therapies MP and NM/R among a high-risk SARD population. However, cases of COVID-19 rebound are being increasingly identified. These findings call for continuous surveillance to capture the real-world efficacy and safety profiles in our subpopulations of interest.
Deux DEISsiennes à la recherche de la reconnaissance perdue
Authors: Andriet Vanessa , Grayon Anouk 
Published: December 2022

En quoi la reconnaissance, tout particulièrement au travail, est-elle indispensable à l’individu et à la société, et in fine impacte la cohésion sociale ? C’est ce que questionnent deux quadragénaires DEISsiennes, en initiant une démarche en cohérence avec leur identité professionnelle : prendre appui sur la méthodologie de la déambulation pour partager les constats issus de leur pratique du travail social, faire le pari que cette expérimentation à une microéchelle peut être porteuse de sens.
Comme un océan…
Authors: Indirli Vincent 
Published: December 2022

Ne serait-ce pas leur place que d’être là aussi pour ceux qui, faible ou fort, vulnérable ou dur, vieux ou jeune, moche ou beau, au terme de leur périple océanique, après avoir été jusqu’au bout de ce que la barque de leur corps, les voiles de leur cœur leur auront permis de vivre, demanderont à pouvoir trouver l’apaisement de la profondeur de l’océan ?
La régulation des activités scolaires numériques des élèves par l’enseignant : le cas d’une application d’apprentissage adaptatif
Authors: Cerisier Jean-François , Pierrot Laëtitia 
Published: December 2022

L’article traite de la régulation par l’enseignant de l’activité d’élèves qui utilisent des ressources numériques mobilisant des techniques d’apprentissage adaptatif (adaptive learning). La recherche présentée est exploratoire. Elle a été réalisée en marge d’une collaboration avec l’entreprise EvidenceB pour améliorer l’expérience utilisateur d’une application intégrant un agent conversationnel pour les apprentissages fondamentaux du français au lycée. Elle vise notamment à établir une première caractérisation des contraintes spécifiquement induites par les techniques d’intelligence artificielle (IA) susceptibles d’entraver l’appropriation de l’application par les enseignants afin de structurer de nouveaux travaux de recherche. L’analyse thématique d’une série d’entretiens révèle un paradoxe, celui d’un enseignant qui n’a jamais été autant informé du parcours d’apprentissage de chaque élève, mais dont le pouvoir de pilotage pédagogique et didactique est partiellement délégué à la machine. Pour autant, nous considérons que ce paradoxe n’est qu’apparent. Si l’IA permet une automatisation partielle de la régulation pédagogique exprimée en termes de prescription et de suivi des activités, elle donne aussi aux enseignants les moyens d’une régulation plus personnalisée en ce qui concerne l’accompagnement des élèves. L’effet de désintermédiation redouté par certains, celui de la substitution de l’enseignant par une « machine à enseigner » apparaît bien comme un risque potentiel, mais limité à des micro-situations et son actualisation dépend fortement de la capacité de l’enseignant à intégrer les apports de l’IA à son ingénierie pédagogique. Finalement, la question de l’utilisation de ces techniques s’apparente aux problématiques d’hybridation de la formation et invite à penser et concevoir l’hybridation homme-machine des processus de régulation des activités d’apprentissage des élèves.
Nebulized Mycobacterium vaccae protects against asthma by attenuating the imbalance of IRF4/IRF8 expression in dendritic cells
Authors: Sun Qi-Xiang , Xu Si-Yue , Li Lao-Dong , Xiao Huan , Zhang Qian-Nan , Li Chao-Qian 
Published: December 2022

Objective:
To assess the effects of nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae on allergic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and Th1/Th2 cell imbalance in mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma.

Methods:
Mice received OVA sensitization and challenge for establishment of the asthmatic model. For intervention, mice received Mycobacterium vaccae nebulization once every other day from the first day of sensitization to the day before challenge. After challenge, pulmonary histological analysis and airway responsiveness measurement were performed. In addition, Th1/Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by ELISA. Th1/Th2 subset ratios and the expression of interferon-regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), IRF8 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in dendritic cells were evaluated by flow cytometry.

Results:
Severe inflammatory infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness were observed in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. Asthmatic mice showed higher Th2 cytokine concentration and increased percentage of Th2 cells, along with lower Th1 cytokine concentration and reduced percentage of Th1 cells compared with the normal control. Moreover, an imbalance of IRF4+ and IRF8+ in dendritic cells was found in asthmatic mice. Nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae reduced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. In addition, nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae enhanced TLR4 and IRF8 expression, and alleviated the imbalance of Th1/Th2 as well as IRF4+ and IRF8+ in dendritic cells.

Conclusions:
Nebulized inhaled Mycobacterium vaccae protects against asthma by alleviating the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and IRF4/ IRF8 in OVA-induced asthmatic mice.
An Audit of Cancellation of Elective Surgery in Paediatric Patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital
Authors: Gamede Nomdumiso , Campbell Ryan , Mogane Palesa 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Cancellation of elective surgery is one of the quality indicators of theatre operation worldwide. The cancellation of elective surgery in paediatric patients is a worldwide problem with the rates ranging from 0.21% to 44%. This study aimed to determine the rates and describe the reasons for cancellation of elective surgeries in paediatric patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH).

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted using theatre records from 1st January to 31st December 2019. The numbers and reasons for elective paediatric surgeries were reviewed. Data were collected using the structured collection sheet and entered into Microsoft Excel. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was also used to further analyse the data. Results were expressed as percentages in a graph and table forms.

Results:
In the year 2019, a total of 3399 elective paediatric procedures were scheduled in 14 specialities at CHBAH. Of these, 634 (19%) were cancelled due to various reasons. The highest number of cases cancelled were from paediatric surgery and neonates (n = 204, 31%), followed by ear nose and throat (n = 99, 24%), burns (n = 80, 20%) and paediatric orthopaedics (n = 79, 16%). The most common reason for cancellation of elective surgery in paediatric patients at CHBAH was found to be time constraint (34%). The reasons for cancellation in our study were mostly due to avoidable factors at 68% and non-avoidable at 32%.

Conclusion:
The rate of cancellation in our study was high. Majority of the causes for cancellation were avoidable.
Is it Reliable to Make a Decision Based on Visual Changes in the Patient's Diaper in the Evaluation of Post Circumcision Bleeding?
Authors: Akman Mustafa 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The most common complication of circumcision is bleeding. Monitoring bleeding by visual assessment of the diaper can cause errors due to the high absorbency of diapers. The patient may have had significant problems before the visible changes. The amount of liquid that wets the cloth does not necessarily lead to a visual change consistent with the amount, and the nature of the liquid contaminating the diaper may cause difficulties in terms of visual evaluation. Making a decision based on the visual changes in the patient's diaper cannot be considered as reliable.

Methods:
We planned to evaluate the visual changes that are caused by liquids of various volumes and contents that wet the diaper, according to measurable criteria. We aimed to emphasise the importance of the subject in circumcision practices of diapered children. Wetting of diapers with different volumes and variable blood load was performed utilising blood with different haematocrits and fluids. One hundred and sixty different diapers in four groups were moistened utilising the drip method. Visual changes in the soaked diapers were evaluated with the colorimetric method and five different colour criteria. The saturation and lightness values, which indicate the colour value, were obtained by using the numerical equivalents of the three main components, red, green and blue. Analysis was carried out by subjecting statistical evaluation within and between groups.

Results:
There was a significant difference between the control group and the study group. It was observed that visual changes caused by the moistened cloths with linear increase did not make the same linear interaction. There was not a significant difference between Group II and Group IV, which were soaked with the same amount of blood and different volume of fluid. In Group III, colour saturation changes were found to have a parabolic effect instead of a linear change. In two different analyses of moistened diapers in terms of volume and blood load; it was not determined that the expected linear changes between the groups were not observed.

Conclusion:
Visual changes in diapers related to volume or blood load effects of fluids may not be compatible with the amount of bleeding. Mistakes may occur when super absorbent wipes are used when determining the amount of bleeding from the use of colour changes in the diaper. Visual changes should not be relied on in bleeding due to circumcision. Rather, vital signs follow-up and measurable laboratory tests should be used as a basis.
Bezoar Types in Children and Aetiological Factors Affecting Bezoar Formation
Authors: Dorterler Mustafa Erman , Günendi Tansel , Çakmak Mehmet , Shermatova Saime 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Bezoar is formed as a result of the accumulation of undigested food or foreign substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIS). The present study aims to investigate the bezoar types seen in children and the aetiological factors involved in bezoar formation.

Methods:
A total of 16 patients who underwent an endoscopy and/or surgical treatment for bezoar at Harran University, Faculty of Medicine Pediatric Surgery Clinic between 2011 and 2019 were included in the study. The demographic information, laboratory and radiological findings were obtained from the patients' file records.

Results:
A total of ten patients (62.5%) were female with a mean age of 7.8 ± 4.9 years. Phytobezoars were detected in ten patients, trichobezoars in two patients, lactobezoar in one patient, and other types in three patients. The aetiological factors were determined to be congenital GIS anomaly in 6 (37.5%) patients; trichotillomania in 2 (12.5%) patients; mental retardation in 2 (12.5%) patients; ingestion of a foreign body during infancy in 2 (12.5%) patients; high intake of high-fibre fruit in 3 (18.5%) patients; and postoperative dysmotility in 2 (12.5%) patients.

Conclusions:
Congenital GIS anomalies are mostly responsible for bezoar etiology in children and phytobezoar is the most common type of bezoar.
Giant Cell Tumor of Distal end Radius Managed by En Bloc Resection with Wrist Arthrodesis using Fibula Bone
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Mittal Saurabh , Bamania Narendra H , Singh Bhawna , Somashekarappa T 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Giant cell tumor is a benign but locally aggressive tumor typically found in the epiphysis of long bones. Patients are usually females typically presenting between ages 30 and 50. Confirm diagnosis is based on biopsy. Treatment includes radiation therapy, bisphosphonates, denosumab, extensive curettage with adjuvant treatment, and reconstruction. We managed our case by en bloc resection of the tumor with wrist arthrodesis with fibula bone.

Result:
The patient had a good functional grip with 80° of pronation and 60° of supination.

Conclusion:
Resection of the tumor along with ipsilateral nonvascularized fibular strut graft with wrist arthrodesis is a good option for wrist reconstruction and provides a good forearm function and strength.
A Comparative Study between Platelet-Rich Plasma, Corticosteroid, and Autologous Whole Blood Injection in Patient of Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Ravikant Utkarsh , Kumar Ashish , Sajid Imran , Dubey Siddharth , Pal Shashank Kumar 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Majority of the patient with heel pain are diagnosed with plantar fasciitis (PF). PF is the condition characterized by isolated inferior heel pain particularly with the first steps of the day or after sitting for hours and the reason is due to degeneration of the plantar fascia and perifascial structures. Regular walking on hard surfaces, wearing hard sole footwear, and obesity are the risk factors for this condition. Injecting steroids is the most popular method of treating the condition but has its own advantages and disadvantages. There have been cases reported of rupture of plantar fascia after giving corticosteroid injections, especially when it was given repeatedly. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to enhance the healing process of the body as it has platelet-derived growth factors that boost the healing of soft tissue, bone healing, and also tendon healing.

Aims and Objective:
The objective of our study was to know among the PRP injection, autologous whole blood steroid injection which is a superior mode of intervention in PF management.

Materials and Methods:
A sample size of 225 was taken and patients were divided into 3 groups, in which Group A was given PRP injection, Group B was given steroid injection, and Group C was given whole blood. The follow-up was done on 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks. Patients of age more than 18, those who were clinically diagnosed PF, and those who were not improving with 3 months of conservative management were included in the study. Patients with any ligament injury or with Buerger’s disease, pseudo-gout, and Haglund disease were excluded from the study. All patients were asked for their pain to quantify it according to visual analog scale (VAS) scale and the score was noted on pre-injection follow by on 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks.

Results:
The VAS score before infiltration was almost similar (P > 0.05) in Group A (7.8 ± 1.26), Group B (7.5 ± 1.05), and Group C (7.8 ± 0.87). The VAS score significantly decreased in Group B who were injected steroids in the initial 2 weeks when compared to that of Group A who were injected PRP and Group C who were injected whole blood. A significant decrease in VAS was seen in Group A at after 12 weeks when compared to Group B and Group C.

Conclusion:
Our study showed that autologous PRP therapy can lead to a sustained reduction in symptom complaints when compared to corticosteroid injections and autologous whole blood. PRP injection holds promise as a potential therapy to hasten the healing of chronic PF.
Impact of Noise Exposure on Risk of Developing Stress-Related Metabolic Effects
Authors: Sivakumaran Kapeena , Ritonja Jennifer A. , Waseem Haya , AlShenaiber Leena , Morgan Elissa , Ahmadi Salman A. , Denning Allison , Michaud David , Morgan Rebecca L. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Exposure to noise can increase biological stress reactions, which may increase adverse health effects, including metabolic disorders; however, the certainty in the association between exposure to noise and metabolic outcomes has not been widely explored. The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence between noise exposures and metabolic effects.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review of English and comparative studies available in PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases between January 1, 1980 and December 29, 2021 was performed. Risk of Bias of Nonrandomized Studies of Exposures was used to assess risk of bias of individual studies and certainty of the body of evidence for each outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results:
Fifty-six primary studies reporting on cortisol, cholesterol levels, waist circumference, glucose levels, and adrenaline and/or noradrenaline were identified. Although meta-analyses suggested that there may be an increase in waist circumference and adrenaline with increased noise exposure, the certainty in the evidence is very low. Overall, the certainty in the evidence of an effect of increased noise on all the outcomes were low to very low due to concerns with risk of bias, inconsistency across exposure sources, populations, and studies, and imprecision in the estimates of effects.

Conclusions:
The certainty of the evidence of increased noise on metabolic effects was low to very low, which likely reflects the inability to compare across the totality of the evidence for each outcome. The findings from this review may be used to inform policies involving noise reduction and mitigation strategies, and to direct further research in areas that currently have limited evidence available.
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Effect of Chronic Noise Exposure on the Vestibular Function of Traffic Policemen and Automobile Drivers
Authors: Das Soumyajit , Kalidoss Vinoth Kumar , Bakshi Satvinder Singh , Ramesh Seepana 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Noise is a preventable occupational hazard for certain professions like automobile drivers and traffic police personnel. The harmful auditory effects of noise are well known. However, little is known about the status of the vestibular function in chronic noise exposure without noise induced hearing loss. Our objective was to assess the vestibular function in chronic noise exposure.

Methodology:
The study was conducted with a sample size of 242 (chronic noise exposure group − 121, group without chronic noise exposure − 121). Noise estimation was carried out across various traffic intersections to assess the noise exposure levels of the exposed group. All participants underwent a detailed vestibular evaluation in the clinical vestibulometry laboratory.

Results:
There was no difference in nystagmus, saccades, caloric function between the two groups. The latency and amplitude of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) were similar in both the groups. However, dynamic posturography showed a significant difference in the Adaptation test between the two groups (P < 0.05). We also found a statistically significant difference between the static and dynamic subjective visual vertical (SVV) and the dynamic visual acuity (DVA) between the two groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
We did not find any clinical evidence of vestibular dysfunction in the noise exposed group. However, the statistical significance of SVV and DVA as seen in this study needs to be evaluated further as an early marker for vestibular dysfunction. It remains to be seen whether the statistically significant prolongation is reversible after the noise exposure is withdrawn.
Do Lower Costs for Applicants Come at the Expense of Program Perception? A Cross-Sectional Survey Study of Virtual Residency Interviews
Authors: Wang Sheri , Denham Zachary , Ungerman Elizabeth A. , Stollings Lindsay , McCausland Julie B. , Hamilton Melinda Fiedor , Gonzaga Alda Maria , Bump Gregory M. , Metro David G. , Adams Phillip S. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Travel costs and application fees make in-person residency interviews expensive, compounding existing financial burdens on medical students. We hypothesized virtual interviews (VI) would be associated with decreased costs for applicants compared to in-person interviews (IPI) but at the expense of gathering information with which to assess the program.

Objective
To survey senior medical students and postgraduate year (PGY)-1 residents regarding their financial burden and program perception during virtual versus in-person interviews.

Methods
The authors conducted a single center, multispecialty study comparing costs of IPI vs VI from 2020-2021. Fourth-year medical students and PGY-1 residents completed one-time surveys regarding interview costs and program perception. The authors compared responses between IPI and VI groups. Potential debt accrual was calculated for 3- and 7-year residencies.

Results
Two hundred fifty-two (of 884, 29%) surveys were completed comprising 75 of 169 (44%) IPI and 177 of 715 (25%) VI respondents. The VI group had significantly lower interview costs compared to the IPI group (median $1,000 [$469-$2,050 IQR] $784-$1,216 99% CI vs $3,200 [$1,700-$5,500 IQR] $2,404-$3,996 99% CI, P&lt;.001). The VI group scored lower for feeling the interview process was an accurate representation of the residency program (3.3 [0.5] vs 4.1 [0.7], P&lt;.001). Assuming interview costs were completely loan-funded, the IPI group will have accumulated potential total loan amounts $2,334 higher than the VI group at 2% interest and $2,620 at 6% interest. These differences were magnified for a 7-year residency.

Conclusions
Virtual interviews save applicants thousands of dollars at the expense of their perception of the residency program.