bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention modulates incidental memory encoding of human movements
Authors: Chiou Shiau-Chuen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAttention has been shown to enhance the processing of task-relevant information while suppressing the processing of task-irrelevant information. However, it is less clear whether this attentional modulation exists when there is an intrinsic dependence between task-relevant and task-irrelevant information, such as the dependence of temporal processing on spatial information. In this study, we used complex whole-body movement sequences to investigate the extent to which the task-irrelevant spatial information (trajectory) is processed when only the temporal information (rhythm) is in focus. Moreover, we examined, if the task-irrelevant spatial information is “co-selected” with the target temporal information as predicted by the intrinsic spatiotemporal dependence, whether task-driven attention that is actively directed to spatial information provides extra benefits. Through a two-phase experiment (an incidental encoding phase followed by a surprise memory test phase), we found that the task-irrelevant spatial information was not only perceived but also encoded in memory, providing further evidence in support of a relatively automatic co-selection of spatial information in temporal processing. Nevertheless, we also found that movements whose trajectories were intentionally attended to during the encoding phase were recognized better in the test phase than those that were not, indicating a further modulation from attention on incidental memory encoding and information processing.
Tiermisshandlungen wegen “baulicher Mängel” in Schlachtbetrieben – eine strafrechtliche Betrachtung
Authors: Hahn Johanna , Kari Ariane 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren häufen sich Aufdeckungen von schweren Tiermisshandlungen durch Schlachthofmitarbeiter.
Grund für diese Taten sind nicht zwingend sadistische Motive, sondern regelmäßig “bauliche
Mängel” – ein aktuelles und weit verbreitetes Problem in deutschen Schlachtbetrieben. Dieser
Zusammenhang wird jedoch in der Öffentlichkeit selten erwähnt. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie bauliche
Mängel in Schlachtbetrieben zu Tiermisshandlungen durch Mitarbeiter führen und welche strafrechtlichen
Folgen hieraus für die handelnden Mitarbeiter, den Tierschutzbeauftragten und den Betreiber des Schlachthofs
abzuleiten sind.
Ethical implications of fairness interventions: what might be hidden behind engineering choices?
Authors: Aler Tubella Andrea , Barsotti Flavia , Koçer Rüya Gökhan , Mendez Julian Alfredo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe importance of fairness in machine learning models is widely acknowledged, and ongoing academic debate revolves around how to determine the appropriate fairness definition, and how to tackle the trade-off between fairness and model performance. In this paper we argue that besides these concerns, there can be ethical implications behind seemingly purely technical choices in fairness interventions in a typical model development pipeline. As an example we show that the technical choice between in-processing and post-processing is not necessarily value-free and may have serious implications in terms of who will be affected by the specific fairness intervention. The paper reveals how assessing the technical choices in terms of their ethical consequences can contribute to the design of fair models and to the related societal discussions.
OXA-CuS@UiO-66-NH2 as a drug delivery system for Oxaliplatin to colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Gholami Marjan , Hekmat Azadeh , Khazaei Majid , Darroudi Majid 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, UiO-66-NH2 was used to prepare a new delivery system by incorporating copper sulfide (CuS) into the pores. The CuS nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared to enhance the anticancer effects of Oxaliplatin (OXA) against colorectal cancer. The oxaliplatin was loaded into CuS@UiO-66-NH2. To characterize and investigate their cytotoxicity effects, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, UV-Visible analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and MTT assay were considered to be performed. According to the observations, the cytotoxicity of OXA-CuS@UiO-66-NH2 was greater than that of the OXA alone.
Network-driven positive externalities in clean energy technology production: the case of energy efficiency in the EU residential sector
Authors: Costantini Valeria , Leone Sciabolazza Valerio , Paglialunga Elena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model of national innovation production that formalizes the role of trade partnerships as a channel of knowledge spillovers across countries. The model is used to investigate the energy efficiency technological domain in the European Union (EU) using a panel database covering 19 EU countries for the time span 1990–2015. The model is estimated by using a novel empirical strategy which allows to assess the knowledge spillover effects benefiting a country depending on its relative position in the trade network, and correct for common endogeneity concerns. We show that being central in the trade network is a significant determinant of a country’s innovative performance, and that learning-by-exporting mechanisms are responsible for increased innovation performances. We further reveal that neglecting network effects may significantly reduce our understanding of domestic innovation patterns. Finally, we find that the benefits obtained from knowledge diffusion varies with the domestic absorptive capacity and policy mix composition. Our main implication is that policy design informed by network-based case studies could help maximizing the exploitation of positive knowledge spillovers.
The influence of dependability in cloud computing adoption
Authors: Song Chi-hoon , Sohn Young-woo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCloud computing (CC) has many benefits, so its use has spread rapidly, particularly in the business sector. An important consideration in the acceptance of CC is whether the CC system is dependable, and it can differ among industry and service type. However, little research has considered the effect ofdependability(composed ofavailability,reliability,security,maintainability) on CC acceptance. Especially, group comparisons between high IT-intensive (Hi-ITi) and low IT-intensive (Lo-ITi) industries have not been reported, nor have comparisons between software-as-a-service (SaaS) and platform-as-a-service (PaaS)/infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS). This study aims to explore how thedependabilityof CC affects users’ intent to accept it, with focus on how this intent is affected by intensity of IT use (by industry) and by the type of CC service used. To validate the proposed model, this study applied structural equation modeling and conducted multi-group analysis. A total of 230 business managers in South Korea represent the sample for our study. For the full dataset,the threedependabilityattributes (availability,reliability,security) do not affect the usefulness of CC, but do affect the ease of use of CC. The usefulness of CC is a determinant for positive intention to accept CC, whereas the ease of use of CC is not.Maintainabilityis the strongest determinant of CC adoption for the full dataset, and for all individual groups, except those that use SaaS. For Hi-ITi and Lo-ITi industries, results show that managers show no differences in their perceptions of the effect ofdependabilityattributes (availability,reliability,security) on the usefulness and the ease of CC. The absence of such a difference in managers’ perception also applies to the relationship between two core variables of TAM (i.e.,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use) and behavioral intention to accept CC. For SaaS and PaaS/IaaS, managers have different perceptions ofsecurityon the usefulness of CC, and the effect of the usefulness of CC on the intention to accept CC. The findings can provide academic researchers and industry practitioners with a differentiated and in-depth perspective on the understanding and the spread of CC.
A novel understanding of the nature of epistemic vice
Authors: Kotsonis Alkis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMy aim in this paper is to present and discuss a novel understanding of the nature of epistemic vice. I highlight that epistemic vice such as excessive curiosity, gossip and excessive inquisitiveness do not obstruct the acquisition, transmission and retention of knowledge and are not characterized by a deficiency of epistemic desires or vicious epistemic motivations. However, I argue that such traits ought to be classified as epistemic vices because the agent who possesses them causes epistemic harm to other agents through those traits’ characteristic activities.To remedy obstructivism’s inability to account for vices that cause epistemic harm in other ways besides blocking effective epistemic inquiry, I propose an amended version of this theory. I argue that epistemic vices are character traits, attitudes, and ways of thinking that obstruct the acquisition, transmission, and retention of knowledge and/or cause other kinds of epistemic harm. In addition, I propose a modified version of motivationalism that cashes out non-obstructing, excess-motivation vices in terms of motivation simply by acknowledging, and incorporating into theory, excessive epistemic drives and the negative epistemic (and non-epistemic) consequences stemming from them.
Production under uncertainty and choice under uncertainty in the emergence of generalized expected utility theory
Authors: Quiggin John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInterest in the foundations of the theory of choice under uncertainty was stimulated by applications of expected utility theory such as the Sandmo model of production under uncertainty. The development of generalized expected utility models raised the question of whether such models could be used in the analysis of applied problems such as those involving production under uncertainty. Finally, the revival of the state-contingent approach led to the recognition of a fundamental duality between choice problems and production problems.
Staring at the Abyss: a neurocognitive grounded agent-based model of collective-risk social dilemma under the threat of environmental disaster
Authors: Liuzzi Danilo , Vié Aymeric 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIncreasingly visible climate change consequences challenge carbon-based economies worldwide. While expert knowledge on climate change percolates through political initiatives and public awareness, its translation into large-scale policy actions appears limited. Climate change consequences unequally target regions, countries and social classes, a vital issue for social cooperation. When facing an imminent ecological collapse, in which conditions can self-interested agents gain environmental awareness and settle on a sustainable path of actions when their knowledge of the imminent collapse is bounded? This cooperation emerges from the interaction between individuals and the interaction of various cognitive processes within individuals. This article develops an agent-based model for this emergence of cooperation enriched with the Agent Zero neurocognitive grounded cognitive architecture. We investigate when agents endowed with deliberative, affective and social modules can settle on actions that safeguard their environment through numerical simulations. Our results show that cooperation on sustainable actions is the strongest when the system is at the edge of collapse. Policy measures that increase the environment’s resilience become internalized by the agents and undermine awareness of the ecological catastrophe. Depending on the cognitive channels activated, agent behaviors and reactions to specific interventions significantly vary. Our analysis suggests that taking different cognitive channels, deliberative, affective, social, and others into account, significantly impact results. The complexity of agent cognition deserves more attention to assess parameter sensitivity in social simulation models.
Photocatalytic Coatings Based on TiOx for Application on Flexible Glass for Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Wiatrowski Artur , Wojcieszak Damian , Mazur Michał , Kaczmarek Danuta , Domaradzki Jarosław , Kalisz Małgorzata , Kijaszek Wojciech , Pokora Patrycja , Mańkowska Ewa , Lubanska Aneta , Sikora Malwina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, the photocatalytic properties of thin films based on titanium oxides for application on flexible glass in photovoltaic panels were presented. Thin films were prepared by gas impulse magnetron sputtering (GIMS), where the gas injection on a target was synchronized in time with the electric pulse supplying the magnetron with the Ti target. The deposition process was carried out under various Ar/O2 atmospheres (with a content of 5–8% O2). The as-deposited TiOx films were non-stoichiometric. The influence of deposition parameters on optical properties, microstructure, hardness, and elastic modulus was examined. In addition, the dependence between the oxygen content in the sputtering atmosphere and the photocatalytic activity of the coatings was examined. The scratch resistance of the coatings and their adhesion to flexible glass were also investigated. It has been shown that the GIMS technique can be used for efficient deposition of non-stoichiometric TiOx coatings on substrates sensitive to the temperature as thin flexible glass and, at the same time, characterized by high adhesion. The TiOx-based semiconductor coatings prepared in this study can be used successfully in transparent electronics and in the construction of modern photovoltaic panels due to their photocatalytic activity, high hardness, and high level of transparency.
By what standard? Speech-related conduct issues in globalised sports
Authors: Bayliss Myles 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ban of Uruguayan footballer Edinson Cavani for a post on his Instagram account has been highly controversial. Opinions as to the appropriateness of the ban and associated stance taken by the Football Association have been divided. On one side, groups such as anti-racism campaigners have argued that the ban is justified citing a need to promote a greater understanding of acceptable language and behaviour among international athletes. On the other hand, many Spanish speakers have argued that the Associations’ actions are inconsistent with their stance on inclusivity and understanding, arguing that they failed to consider the cultural and linguistic characteristics unique to South America. This raises an important question for globalised sports: how should words and speech be judged in an international context?
Roadmap zum sichereren Risikomanagement des Umweltschadstoffes „Radon“
Authors: Joachim Serafina , Klingelhöfer Doris , Braun Markus , Brüggmann Dörthe , Groneberg David A. , Quarcoo David 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungRadon ist ein ubiquitär im Erdmantel sowie in der Luft und im Wasser vorkommendes radioaktives Edelgas. Obwohl die mit der Exposition assoziierten Erkrankungen seit dem Mittelalter bekannt waren, ist eine kausale Zuordnung von Agens und Krankheit erst in der Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts gelungen. Durch die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Gases ist die Prävention darauf ausgerichtet, die Exposition zu minimieren. Eine koordinierte Bemühung der EU, durch einheitliche Regeln die Bevölkerung zu schützen, stellt die Richtlinie 2013/59/EURATOM vom 5. Dezember 2013 dar. Umgesetzt in nationales Recht, sah die deutsche Strahlenschutzgesetzgebung vor, dass am 01.01.2021 die verantwortlichen Bundesländer basierend auf einer Expositionskarte die Gebiete festlegen, in denen der Grenzwert der Aktivitätskonzentration von Radon in der Luft im Jahresmittel 300 Bq/m3 überschreitet. In dieser Arbeit sollen die Fortschritte auf dem Weg zu einem umfassenderen Schutz vor den Gefahren durch Radon für die Bevölkerung in Deutschland dargestellt werden.
Tidal stream to mainstream: mechanical testing of composite tidal stream blades to de-risk operational design life
Authors: Glennon Conor , Finnegan William , Kaufmann Nicholas , Meier Patrick , Jiang Yadong , Starzmann Ralf , Goggins Jamie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTidal energy has seen a surge of interest in recent years with several companies developing technology to harness the power of the world’s oceans where the operational capacity in Europe was over 11 MW in 2020. One such developer is the partnership of SCHOTTEL Hydro (Germany) and Sustainable Marine (UK) who have developed a scalable multi-turbine device equipped with 70 kW turbines and capable of operating in arrays at sites around the world. The technology to harness tidal energy is still at a relatively early stage of development; hence, de-risking of component parts plays a vital role on the road to commercialisation. Despite this, the number of tidal energy blades undergoing test programmes remains small. Two different rotor diameters have been developed for the aforementioned device such that it can be optimised for sites of varying potential. In this paper, a blade from each of the 4.0 m and 6.3 m diameter devices was tested for their responses in natural frequency, static loading and fatigue loading under test standards IEC 62600-3:2020 and DNVGL-ST-0164. Testing saw the survival of a blade in fatigue at a lifetime-equivalent load and the generation of natural frequency, strain and displacement results for both blades. Data generated from the testing as a whole will contribute to the modelling and validation of future tidal blades.
A Novel Lomax Extension with Statistical Properties, Copulas, Different Estimation Methods and Applications
Authors: Aboraya Mohamed , Ali M. Masoom , Yousof Haitham M. , Ibrahim Mohamed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new compound Lomax model is proposed and analyzed. The novel distribution is derived based on compounding the zero truncated Poisson distribution and the exponentiated exponential Lomax distribution. The new density can be “monotonically left skewed,” “monotonically right skewed” and “symmetric” with various useful shapes. The new hazard rate can be “upside down bathtub-increasing,” “bathtub (U-shape),” “monotonically decreasing,” “increasing-constant” and “monotonically increasing.” Relevant statistical properties are derived. We briefly describe different estimation methods, namely the maximum likelihood, Cramér-von-Mises, ordinary least squares, weighted least square, Anderson–Darling, right tail Anderson–Darling and left tail Anderson–Darling. Monte Carlo simulation experiments are performed for comparing the performances of the proposed methods of estimation for both small and large samples. For facilitating the mathematical modeling of the bivariate real data sets, we derive some new corresponding bivariate distributions. Graphical simulation study is performed for assessing the finite sample behavior of the estimators using the maximum likelihood method. Two applications are provided for illustrating the applicability of the new model.
Achieving sustainable low flow using hydropower reservoir for ecological water management in Glomma River Norway
Authors: Olabiwonnu Folakemi Ope , Bakken Tor Haakon , Anthony Bokolo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenerally, low flow in rivers occur as a result of extended period of dryness which is likely attributed to drought. Drought is a natural occurrence as an outcome of reduction in precipitation in a region for a long time. Hence, low flow is a growing concern as there are possibilities of more reduced flows in rivers. However, reservoirs can be utilized to mitigate negative effects on the supply of water in dry periods and supply water for other purposes. This study aims at verifying how the low flow condition of Glomma River in Norway has been progressively sustained by hydropower reservoirs. Water Evaluation and Planning Systems (WEAP) software was used for modelling the natural streamflow condition of Glomma River, which is the longest river in Norway, using two unregulated sub-basins within the Glomma catchment. Findings from this study presents that the period between January and March are critical periods in Glomma River. Results show that the values the annual minimum low flow gotten from the three gauges suggest the flow after regulation has increased significantly as opposed to before regulation. The daily average flow is simulated by WEAP to be an average of 100 m3/s during the low flow periods and an average discharge of 350 m3/s during the summer. However, the result indicates that the flow in the summer has reduced by 80% in majority of the years. In addition, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for the two sub basins used for this study was 0.9 and 0.76, respectively. Also, the calculation of the coefficient of determination (R2) resulted in 0.85 and 0.78 respectively for the two sub basins. In particular, findings from this study presents evidence on the low flow condition in Glomma River prior to its regulation and how the regulation has sustained the flow.
Single-stranded RNA viruses activate and hijack host apical DNA damage response kinases for efficient viral replication
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Xu Chenchen , Zhang Xiaoyan , Cao Cheng , Wang Xuejuan , Cai Gang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM-Rad3-related (ATR) are apical kinases that orchestrate the multifaceted DNA damage response (DDR) to a variety of genotoxic insults and regulate genomic stability. Whether RNA virus also manipulates the host’s DDR machine to facilitate replication is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that single-stranded RNA virus replication specifically elicits host ATM- and ATR-mediated pathway activation and boosts their expression. The activated ATM and ATR are hijacked to the virus replication factory in the cytoplasm and facilitate viral gene expression and replication. Specific inhibitors targeting ATM and ATR strikingly block the viral proliferation and replication and inhibit expression of virus proteins. Our results reveal a novel, or otherwise noncanonical, conserved function of ATM/ATR outside DDR in promoting the replication of single-stranded RNA virus and provide an important mechanism of host–pathogen interactions.
Mechanisms to Alleviate Over-Generalization in XCS for Continuous-Valued Input Spaces
Authors: Wagner Alexander R. M. , Stein Anthony 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the field of rule-based approaches to Machine Learning, the XCS classifier system (XCS) is a well-known representative of the learning classifier systems family. By using a genetic algorithm (GA), the XCS aims at forming rules or so-called classifiers which are as general as possible to achieve an optimal performance level. A too high generalization pressure may lead to over-general classifiers degrading the performance of XCS. To date, no method exists for XCS for real-valued input spaces (XCSR) and XCS for function approximation (XCSF) to handle over-general classifiers ensuring an accurate population. The Absumption mechanism and the Specify operator, both developed for XCS with binary inputs, provide a promising basis for over-generality handling in XCSR and XCSF. This paper introduces adapted versions of Absumption and Specify by proposing different identification and specialization strategies for the application in XCSR and XCSF. To determine their potential, the adapted techniques are evaluated in different classification problems, i.e., common benchmarks and real-world data from the agricultural domain, in a multi-step problem as well as different regression tasks. Our experimental results show that the application of these techniques leads to significant improvements of the accuracy of the generated classifier population in the applied benchmarks, data sets, multi-step problems and regression tasks, especially when they tend to form over-general classifiers. Furthermore, considering the working principle of the proposed techniques, the intended decrease in overall classifier generality can be confirmed.