bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International football players with cerebral palsy maintained their physical fitness after a self-training program during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Peña-González Iván , Sarabia José Manuel , Manresa-Rocamora Agustín , Moya-Ramón Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Background
The COVID-19 global pandemic caused a complete stop in sport participation which meant a detraining period for athletes. High-level athletes had to train at home guided by their coaches and conditioning trainers in an effort to maintain their physical fitness. The aim of maintaining the training adaptations and physical fitness during the COVID-19 mandatory lockdown was especially important for CP athletes, in which the detraining period was expected to cause early declines in motor function, poor coordination and muscle weakness due to their disability.

Methods
The present study assessed the effect of a guided self-training program on international CP football players’ physical fitness during the COVID-19 mandatory lockdown. Fifteen CP football players from the Spanish National Team participated in the study. An experimental design with a pre- (T1) and a post-intervention (T2) assessment was carried out, with a 12-week period of players’ self-training (divided in two periods of 6 weeks) which combined strength and endurance training. Physical performance assessment consisted in the free countermovement jump (CMJ), 5, 10 and 20-m sprint, the modified agility T-test (MAT) and a dribbling test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for between-group comparisons, while the Student’s paired t test or the Fisher Pitman permutation test, based on the normality of the data, were used for within-group comparisons.

Results
The results showed no differences between sport classes (FT1, FT2 and FT3) in physical fitness change after the training program (Chi2 = 0.16 to 1.73; p = 0.42 to 0.92). Within-group comparisons showed an increase of jump height in the CMJ (4.19 cm [2.46, 5.93]; p < 0.001) and a maintenance of the 5, 10 and 20-m sprint, MAT and dribbling ability (<0.01 to 0.09 s; p = 0.19 to 0.97).

Discussion
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examined the physical fitness adaptations to a training program with CP football players. The results show that a 12-week guided self-training program without football-specific stimulus may be effective to maintain or even improve the specific physical performance of international CP football players during a non-competitive period (as the COVID-19 lockdown). This study reveals that CP football players are able to show adaptations to the strength and endurance training and this could be the basis for future research regarding training adaptations in CP football players.
HPLC Method Development for the Estimation of Empagliflozin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Gaikwad Asmita V. , Khulbe Preeti 
Published: March 2022

An efficient and simple HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of Empagliflozin in marketed formulations. The mobile phase used for the chromatographic runs consisted of Water:ACN (55:45 v/v). The separation was achieved on a Symmetry, Waters C-18, 100 x 4.6 mm, 2.7 um, Poroshell 120 EC-C18, using isocratic mode. Drug peaks were well separated and were detected by a UV detector at 225 nm. The method was linear at the concentration range of 2–12 μg/ml for both the formulations. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines concerning precision, accuracy, and forced degradation. Empagliflozin limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005938 ng/ml and 0.017813 ng/ml respectively.
Potencial antioxidante de hidrolisados proteicos obtidos a partir de caseinato de ruminantes pela ação de proteases comerciais
Authors: Santos Wellington , Medeiros Maria do Bom Conselho , Silva Edson , Oliveira João Tiago , Moreira Keila 
Published: March 2022

Introdução: a oxidação em sistemas biológicos está relacionada ao desenvolvimento de patologias em humanos. A ingestão de alimentos ricos em compostos químicos que exercem atividade antioxidante contribui para a prevenção e redução dos efeitos deletérios dos radicais livres formados no organismo. Peptídeos derivados das caseínas têm mostrado um elevado potencial como agentes antioxidantes. Objetivos: neste sentido, o presente estudo avaliou a atividade antioxidante de hidrolisados derivados de caseínas de leites das espécies bubalina, bovina e caprina, obtidos pela ação de diferentes proteases. Metodologia: inicialmente, as caseínas foram isoladas dos demais componentes do leite, depois foram submetidas ao processo de proteólise pelas enzimas bromelina, papaína, tripsina e neutrase, individualmente. A atividade antioxidante dos hidrolisados foi avaliada, através da capacidade de eliminação dos radicais: hidroxila (OH–˙), superóxido (O2–˙), 2,2 difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH˙), 2,2’azinobis-(3-ácido etilbenzotiazolino-6-sulfônico (ABTS˙), e quelante dos íons metálicos cobre (Cu2+) e ferro (Fe2+). Resultados: s resultados mostraram que a caseína bovina apresentou o menor (35,54%) grau de hidrólise e a caseína bubalina apresentou o maior (85,64%) grau de hidrólise pela ação da neutrase e bromelina após 480 minutos, respectivamente. O potencial para o sequestro dos radicais hidroxila variou entre 0 e 100%, superóxido superior a 80%, ABTS superior a 85%, DPPH entre 20 e 95% e quelar ferro entre 10 e 100% e cobre entre 14 e 80%. Conclusão: assim, a hidrólise das caseínas do leite bubalino, bovino e caprino foram capazes de produzir hidrolisados com elevado potencial antioxidante e que, mediante novos estudos, poderá vir ser incorporado em produtos alimentícios para o consumo humano.
Cooperative extension, experiment station, and Land Grant Universities: Competitors or partners for state funding?
Authors: Perry Gregory M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Cooperative Extension Service (CES) and agricultural experiment station (AES) have been integral parts of the Land Grant Universities (LGUs) for over 100 years. State formula funding has been the predominant source of funding for both CES and AES and also has been important to the LGUs. From 2008 to 2018, state funding remained essentially flat for all three entities, even when state budgets grew by 35%. LGU budgets increased by 52%, bolstered by healthy increases in tuition and fees, revenue from auxiliary services, and growth in grant funds. Some LGU leaders have reacted to the reduced or flat funding from the states by seeking to redirect funding from CES and AES to the LGU general budget. In this paper, we explore the fiscal relationship between these three entities, as well as identifying those factors that influenced changes in their budgets over the 2004–2018 period. All three entities function as complements in the budgeting process, rather than competing with each other for funds. Viewed across the states, CES operates from the strongest position politically, particularly among rural communities. AES is viewed much like the LGUs, subject to the same budgetary and political forces. Of particular concern is the apparent loss of political support by AES from the agricultural and rural communities.
Microcephalic primordial dwarfism with predominant Meier–Gorlin phenotype, ichthyosis, and multiple joint deformities—Further expansion of DONSON Cell Cycle‐opathy phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Nerakh Gayatri , Vineeth Venugopal S. , Tallapaka Karthik , Nair Lekshmi , Dalal Ashwin , Aggarwal Shagun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report a patient with microcephalic primordial dwarfism with predominant Meier–Gorlin syndrome phenotype with ichthyosis and disabling multiple joint deformities in addition to classic features of the syndrome. The patient was a 10.5‐year‐old girl referred in view of short stature, joint deformities, and facial dysmorphism. There was history of intrauterine growth restriction and collodion like skin abnormality at birth. She had normal developmental milestones and intellect. On clinical evaluation, anthropometry was suggestive of proportionate short stature and microcephaly. There was abnormal posture due to spine and peripheral joint deformities, along with ichthyosis, facial, and digital dysmorphism. Skeletal radiographs showed radial subluxation, acetabular dysplasia and hip dislocation, bilateral knee joint dislocation, absent patellae, slender long bones with delayed bone age, and subluxation of small joints of hands and feet. Work up for metabolic bone disease and peripheral blood karyotype was normal. Whole exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic homozygous variant c.C1297T (p.Pro433Ser) in the exon 8 of DONSON gene. This report further expands the genotypic–phenotypic spectrum of the group of disorders known as Cell Cycle‐opathies.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrene‐Carboxylic Esters by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Controlled [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Yokose Daisuke , Nagashima Yuki , Kinoshita Suzuka , Nogami Juntaro , Tanaka Ken 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAxially chiral styrene‐carboxylic esters were synthesized in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity by the cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐BINAP complex‐catalyzed chelation‐controlled [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐diynes with 1,3‐enyne‐carboxylic esters. The diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of C2 symmetric axially chiral cis and trans‐stilbene‐dicarboxylic esters was also achieved by the double [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions of two molecules of the 1,6‐diyne with 2,3‐dialkynylmaleate and 2,3‐dialkynylfumarate, respectively. In these reactions, the 1,3‐enyne‐carboxylic esters coordinating to rhodium with a five‐membered chelate were more reactive than those coordinating to rhodium with a six‐membered chelate, although both chelation modes realized excellent enantioselectivity. The enantioselection mechanism of the cationic rhodium(I)‐catalyzed chelation‐controlled [2+2+2] cycloaddition was elucidated by DFT calculations.
Efficient Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formate by an Organic Polymer Dots Photocatalyst in Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Wang Sicong , Cai Bin , Tian Haining 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA photocatalyst comprising binary organic polymer dots (Pdots) was prepared. The Pdots were constructed from poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole), as an electron donor, and 1‐[3‐(methoxycarbonyl)propyl]‐1‐phenyl‐[6.6]C61, as an electron acceptor. The photocatalyst produces H2O2 in alkaline conditions (1 M KOH) with a production rate of up to 188 mmol h−1 g−1. The external quantum efficiencies were 30 % (5 min) and 14 % (75 min) at 450 nm. Furthermore, photo‐oxidation of methanol by Pdots, followed by a disproportionation reaction and an oxidation reaction, produced the high‐value chemical formate. On the basis of various spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, the photophysical processes of the system were studied in detail and a reaction mechanism was proposed.
4‐Bromo‐Butyric Acid‐Assisted In Situ Passivation Strategy for Superstable All‐Inorganic Halide Perovskite CsPbX3 Quantum Dots in Polar Media
Authors: Zhu Hong , Pan Yuexiao , Peng Chengdong , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA crucial challenge is to develop an in situ passivation treatment strategy for CsPbX3 (CPX, X=Cl, Br, and I) quantum dots (QDs) and simultaneously retain their luminous efficiency and wavelength. Here, a facile method to significantly improve the stability of the CPX QDs via in situ crystallization with the synergistic effect of 4‐bromo‐butyric acid (BBA) and oleylamine (OLA) in polar solvents including aqueous solution and a possible fundamental mechanism are proposed. Monodispersed CsPbBr3 (CPB) QDs obtained in water show high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 86.4 % and their PL features of CPB QDs have no significant change after being dispersed in aqueous solution for 96 h, which implies the structure of CPB QDs is unchanged. The results provide a viable design strategy to synthesize all‐inorganic perovskite CPX QDs with strong stability against the attack of polar solvents and shed more light on their surface chemistry.
Integrating Unexpected High Charge‐Carrier Mobility and Low‐Threshold Lasing Action in an Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Liu Dan , Wu Xianxin , Gao Can , Li Chenguang , Zheng Yingshuang , Li Yang , Xie Ziyi , Ji Deyang , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Xiaotao , Li Liqiang , Peng Qian , Hu Wenping , Dong Huanli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntegrating high charge‐carrier mobility and low‐threshold lasing action in an organic semiconductor is crucial for the realization of an electrically pumped laser, but remains a great challenge. Herein, we present an organic semiconductor, named as 2,7‐di(2‐naphthyl)‐9H‐fluorene (LD‐2), which shows an unexpected high charge‐carrier mobility of 2.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and low‐threshold lasing characteristic of 9.43 μJ cm−2 and 9.93 μJ cm−2 and high‐quality factor (Q) of 2131 and 1684 at emission peaks of 420 and 443 nm, respectively. Detailed theoretical calculations and photophysical data analysis demonstrate that a large intermolecular transfer integral of 10.36–45.16 meV together with a fast radiative transition rate of 8.0×108 s−1 are responsible for the achievement of the superior integrated optoelectronic properties in the LD‐2 crystal. These optoelectronic performances of LD‐2 are among the highest reported low‐threshold lasing organic semiconductors with efficient charge transport, suggesting its promise for research of electrically pumped organic lasers (EPOLs).
Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia with Copper‐Supported Rhodium Cluster and Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Liu Huimin , Lang Xiuyao , Zhu Chao , Timoshenko Janis , Rüscher Martina , Bai Lichen , Guijarro Néstor , Yin Haibo , Peng Yue , Li Junhua , Liu Zheng , Wang Weichao , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan , Luo Jingshan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) provides a promising solution for restoring the imbalance in the global nitrogen cycle while enabling a sustainable and decentralized route to source ammonia. Here, we demonstrate a novel electrocatalyst for NITRR consisting of Rh clusters and single‐atoms dispersed onto Cu nanowires (NWs), which delivers a partial current density of 162 mA cm−2 for NH3 production and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93 % at −0.2 V vs. RHE. The highest ammonia yield rate reached a record value of 1.27 mmol h−1 cm−2. Detailed investigations by electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ infrared spectroscopy, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and density functional theory modeling suggest that the high activity originates from the synergistic catalytic cooperation between Rh and Cu sites, whereby adsorbed hydrogen on Rh site transfers to vicinal *NO intermediate species adsorbed on Cu promoting the hydrogenation and ammonia formation.
Remote Site‐Selective Asymmetric Protoboration of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Bimetallic Relay Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Wang Simin , Yin Jianjun , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA remote C(sp3)−H bond asymmetric borylation of unactivated alkenes was achieved by bimetallic relay catalysis. The reaction proceeded through reversible and consecutive β‐H elimination/olefin insertion promoted by CoH species generated in situ, followed by copper‐catalyzed asymmetric protoboration. The use of this synergistic Co/Cu catalysis protocol allowed the enantioselective protoboration of various unactivated terminal alkenes and internal alkenes, as well as an unrefined mixture of olefin isomers, at the distal less‐reactive β‐position to a functional group, leading to chiral organoboronates.
Chemical and functional characterization of major protein fractions extracted from nontoxicJatropha curcasbyproduct meals
Authors: León‐Villanueva Andrés , Espinosa‐Alonso Laura Gabriela , Udenigwe Chibuike C. , Valdez‐Morales Maribel , Valdez‐Ortiz Angel , Barba de la Rosa Ana P. , Medina‐Godoy Sergio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractJatropha curcasseeds are a suitable source of oil for biofuel, among other use. A protein‐rich meal is obtained after oilseed extraction. The goals of this study were to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of a nontoxic genotype ofJ. curcasdefatted meal (JCDM) and the seed storage protein fractions to identify future applications. Both glutelin and globulin were the predominant protein fractions obtained from JCDM (42.03 and 20.17 g/100 g of protein, respectively). Leucine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, and histidine content of JCDM and protein fractions met the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization recommendation for children. The protein solubility (PS) profiles showed minimum values (5.3%–59.7%) at pH 5–6 and maximum at pH 2 (79.7%–81.6%) and above pH 10 (84.6%–89.8%). These findings suggest that JCDM proteins could be used in the formulation of juice or protein‐based beverages. All the proteins showed the highest values for foam expansion (231%–285%) at pH 9. JCDM and the albumin fraction formed highly stable foams at pH 9, while the globulin and glutelin foams were stable at pH 3 and 2, respectively. Protein with stable foams, like those from jatropha are suitable for application in ice cream, mousse, among others. The emulsion activity index had similar behavior as foam expansion, but did not follow a specific trend. Thus, the proteins are suitable for use in salad dressing, sausages, comminuted meats, and mayonnaise. Taken together, JCDM protein and its soluble protein fractions have strong promise as alternative proteins for food structuring.
The research data life cycle, legacy data, and dilemmas in research data management
Authors: Bossaller Jenny , Million Anthony J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents findings from an interview study of research data managers in academic data archives. Our study examined policies and professional autonomy with a focus on dilemmas encountered in everyday work by data managers. We found that dilemmas arose at every stage of the research data lifecycle, and legacy data presents particularly vexing challenges. The iFields' emphasis on knowledge organization and representation provides insight into how data, used by scientists, are used to create knowledge. The iFields' disciplinary emphasis also encompasses the sociotechnical complexity of dilemmas that we found arise in research data management. Therefore, we posit that iSchools are positioned to contribute to data science education by teaching about ethics and infrastructure used to collect, organize, and disseminate data through problem‐based learning.
Evaluation of autoantibodies as predictors of treatment response and immune‐related adverse events during the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A prospective longitudinal pan‐cancer study
Authors: Barth Dominik A. , Stanzer Stefanie , Spiegelberg Jasmin , Bauernhofer Thomas , Absenger Gudrun , Posch Florian , Lipp Rainer , Halm Michael , Szkandera Joanna , Balic Marija , Gerger Armin , Smolle Maria A. , Hutterer Georg C. , Klec Christiane , Jost Philipp J. , Kargl Julia , Stradner Martin , Pichler Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of autoantibodies in the serum of cancer patients has been associated with immune‐checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy response and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). A prospective evaluation of different autoantibodies in different cancer entities is missing.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we included a pan‐cancer cohort of patients undergoing ICI treatment and measured a comprehensive panel of autoantibodies at treatment start and at the time point of first response evaluation. The presence and induction of autoantibodies (ANA, ENA, myositis, hepatopathy, rheumatoid arthritis) in different cancer entities were assessed and the association between autoantibodies and disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), and progression‐free survival (PFS), as well as the development of grade 3 or higher irAEs were evaluated by logistic regression models, cox proportional hazard models, and Kaplan–Meier estimators.ResultsOf 44 patients with various cancer entities, neither the presence of any positive autoantibody measurement nor the presence of positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) [≥1:80] at baseline was associated with the examined clinical endpoints (DCR, ORR, PFS) in univariable and multivariable analyses. After 8–12 weeks of ICI treatment, DCR, ORR, and PFS did not significantly differ between patients with and without any positive autoantibody measurement or positive ANA titers. The frequency of irAEs did not differ depending on autoantibody status of the patients.ConclusionAutoantibodies at treatment initiation or induction after 8–12 weeks of ICI treatment are not associated with treatment efficacy as indicated by DCR, ORR, and PFS or higher grade irAEs.
Ultrafast Electrochemical Capacitors with Carbon Related Materials as Electrodes for AC Line Filtering
Authors: Xu Shichen , Wu Mingmao , Zhang Jin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHigh‐frequency responsive electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which can directly convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), are getting more essential for the rapid development of electronic devices. In order to satisfy the requirements of ECs with fast rate capability and appreciable capacitance density, numerous efforts have been made towards the preparation and design of the electrode material, which is a decisive factor in the performance of ECs. Carbon‐related electrode materials have been widely shown to significantly increase the performance of ECs because of their light weight, high strength, and high processability. In this concept, the latest advances in the rational design and controllable fabrication of carbon‐related electrode materials, including planar 2D materials, random 3D, and vertical carbon materials are summarized. Moreover, the state of the art of carbon‐based ECs is discussed from the viewpoint of the structure of the electrode and performance of ECs. Finally, this concept presents integrated perspectives on the further design and preparation of carbon related ECs.
Highly Deep‐Blue Luminescent Twisted Diphenylamino Terphenyl Emitters by Bromine‐Lithium Exchange Borylation‐Suzuki Sequence
Authors: Wiefermann Julia , Schmeinck Philipp , Ganter Christian , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFour novel intensively blue luminescent chromophores were readily synthesized by bromine‐lithium exchange borylation‐Suzuki (BLEBS) sequence in moderate to good yields. Their electronic properties were studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations revealing deep‐blue emission in solution as well as in the solid state and upon embedding into a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) matrix with small FWHM (full width at half maximum) values and CIE y values smaller than 0.1. Moreover, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY), partially close to unity, are found.