bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Function Impairment In Patients Treated For Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Associated Factors in Puducherry, South India
Authors: Pydipalli Mounika , Chinnakali Palanivel , Rajaram Manju , Sundaram Shanthosh Priyan , Roy Gautam 
Published: March 2022

Context:
After completion of treatment, a proportion of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) (PTB) patients experience lung function impairment (LFI) which can influence their quality of life.

Aim:
This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of LFI in patients treated for PTB and the associated factors.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients treated for PTB in eight primary health centers in Puducherry.

Subjects and Methods:
The study was carried out among 118 patients. Those aged 18 and above whose PTB treatment outcomes were declared as cured or completed between 2018 and 2019 were included. Demographic data, respiratory symptoms before TB diagnosis, comorbidities, and chest radiography findings before TB treatment were collected. All participants underwent spirometric tests before and after dilatation with salbutamol nebulization.

Statistical Analysis:
Multivariable analysis identified smear-negative TB and indoor exposure to biomass for cooking as significant independent risk factors for LFI.

Results:
Of 118 participants interviewed, 70.3% were male and the median age of the participants was 47.7 years. The prevalence of LFI was 62.7% (95% confidence interval: 53.3–71.4).

Conclusion:
LFI was frequent in patients treated previously for TB. Creating awareness about the possible LFI among these patients along with the awareness for seeking health care for this condition is the need of the hour.
Factors Associated with Out-of-Pocket Expenditure among Patients Admitted for Cataract Surgery under District Blindness Control Society Scheme
Authors: Shambhu Rashmi , Akshaya Kibballi Madhukeshwar , Bappal Anupama , Jain Rashmi , Hegde Vidya , Pavithra H. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment in India supports the management of various conditions of the eye including cataracts.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to estimate out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and factors associated with it among patients admitted for cataract surgery under District Blindness Control Society (DBCS) scheme.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Medical College Hospital of Coastal Karnataka, South India. Data were collected using a predesigned semi-structured interview schedule from 100 patients admitted for cataract surgery under DBCS scheme. Costs were reported as median values with interquartile range (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results:
Median total cost incurred by the patient was INR 1700 (IQR 1052–2575). Median direct costs (1425, IQR 762.5–2200 INR) included medical expenditure (600, IQR 0–1475 INR), mainly contributed by the treatment of systemic comorbid conditions and nonmedical expenditure toward travel. Median indirect costs (400, IQR 200–600 INR) included loss of wages for the patient and the bystander.

Conclusions:
OOPE for cataract surgery among DBCS patients was associated with the presence of comorbidity, postponement of surgery, duration of hospital stay, and distance traveled by the patient.
A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating the Association of Serum Iron Concentration and Platelet Count as a Risk Biomarker among the Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Women in the Highlands Western Ghats of Nilgiris
Authors: Basutkar Roopa Satyanarayan , Chauhan Bhaktraj Singh 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The elevated serum iron levels and reduced platelet count at 20–24th week of gestation period cause oxidative stress that leads to the pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH).

Objectives:
The objective is to determine the prevalence of serum iron concentration, decrease in platelet count, and its association with PIH.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the secondary care hospital of Udhagamandalam. A total of 150 study participants were enrolled. Descriptive analysis was performed for demographic characteristics. The Pearson Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables. To measure the strength of the association between the two variables, Pearson's correlation test and logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results:
The mean serum iron levels in both the groups were 99.01 ± 12.86 ug/dL and 82.76 ± 18.95 ug/dL, respectively, at a P value of 0.005. The platelet count (96.34 ± 9.77 vs. 116.68 ± 23.55) was significantly lower in PIH group. A moderate and weak correlation was seen between serum iron levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.435; P = 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.435; P = 0.01). Moderate negative correlation was observed between SBP, DBP, and platelet count. The risk of developing PIH is 6.76 times due to increased serum iron levels and 3.67 due to decreased platelet count.

Conclusion:
The serum iron levels were elevated, and the platelet indices were reduced in the PIH group. This should be considered a possible risk biomarker for PIH.
Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western India
Authors: Jain Shikha , Raval Devang A. , Mitra Aarohi , Chaudhary Diksha , Khare Utkarsh 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Ahmedabad city reported the highest number of cases and deaths. In order to guide various interventions and monitor future trends, evidence is required. Hence, we conducted the present study to explore the epidemiological determinants, clinical profile, risk factors, and predictors of mortality of COVID-19.

Methods:
This was a retrospective record-based descriptive study of 2268 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted in a designated COVID hospital of Ahmedabad city from March to July 2020.

Results:
The median age of patients was 54 years, and 60.9% of them were males. Majority (83.27%) had comorbidities; the most common comorbidity was hypertension (62.59%) followed by diabetes (44.76%). The most common symptoms reported were fever (69.76%), breathlessness (55.47%), and cough (53.18%). Majority (61.12%) of the patients showed lymphocytopenia, and in one-third (34.85%), D-dimer levels were elevated (>1 μg/ml). Odds of inhospital deaths were higher in patients having breathlessness and gastrointestinal symptoms and comorbidities. More of the deceased had leukocytosis and lymphocytopenia, high D-dimer levels, C-reactive protein, and altered liver function tests as compared to the survivors.

Conclusion:
While making decisions such as prevention of exposure of high-risk population to the infection, control of the existing comorbid condition, and prioritization of this population for vaccination, criteria of case definition for surveillance keeping in mind the typical and atypical manifestations of the disease, require robust evidence which the current study could provide insight to.
Comparison of factors affecting patients with a myofascial temporomandibular disorder with and without sleep bruxism
Authors: Tuncer A , Atay F , Guzel HC , Tuncer AH 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Aims and Background:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between jaw function, neck disability, sleep quality, fatigue, and headache in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with sleep Bruxism (SB) and without it (non-SB).

Subjects and Methods:
This case-control study was conducted with a total of 200 myofascial TMD patients, comprising 91 identified as SB and 109 as non-SB. The Jaw Function Limitations Scale (JFLS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scales and indexes were used.

Results:
In the group with SB compared to the non-SB group, JFLS, NDI, PUKI, and FSS scores were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of visual analog scale (VAS) (P = 0.127) and HIT-6 scores (P = 0.365). The probability of having JFLS in patients with SB compared to those without was folded 3.551 times (P = 0.002), and the probability of having NDI increased 3.473 times (P = 0.002). In addition, SB was observed to trigger poor sleep quality (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant determinant of bruxism on FSS (P = 0.196), and on HIT-6 (P = 0.488).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that SB causes limitation of the jaw's functional activities, neck problems, and decreased sleep quality in myofascial TMD. These findings emphasize the importance of considering SB when evaluating and treating patients with myofascial TMD problems.
Associaton of dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary pH with DMFT index of patients in Riyadh
Authors: Lingam Amara Swapna 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with a genetic disposition.

Aim:
To evaluate correlation among dermatoglyphic patterns, salivary pH, and dental caries.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 randomly selected volunteers between 15 and 30 years of age who visited dental clinics from November 2019 to December 2020. Caries status was evaluated as decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and salivary pH was measured. Patients with a DMFT score of 0–5 were into Group A, those with DMFT 5–10 into Group B, and those above 10 were classified into Group C. The dermatoglyphic patterns on the palmar digits of participants were recorded using the method by Cummins and Midlo.

Results:
A higher salivary pH was observed in Group A and Group B when compared with Group C (P = 0.001), and this difference was statistically significant. Group A exhibited a statistically significant association with the arch form of fingerprint (58.1%), whereas Group B exhibited a statistically significant association with the loop form (51.9%). Group C exhibited a statistically significant association with the whorl pattern of fingerprint pattern (98.8%) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The loop pattern is associated with lesser incidence of caries, whereas whorl pattern is associated with higher incidence of caries. Dermatoglyphics is a noninvasive method that can be used to identify caries susceptibility and take appropriate prophylactic measures.
Is there a threshold for red cell distribution width to predict malignancy in breast masses?
Authors: Akturk OM , Yıldırım D , Çakır M , Vardar YM , Erozgen F , Akıncı M 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to have predictive properties in different diseases as well as solid cancers.

Aim:
We aimed to investigate the discriminative properties of RDW in benign and malignant breast lesions.

Subjects and Methods:
In a retrospective cohort study the files of patients who underwent surgery for fibroadenomas (Group A) and breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis (Group B) were reviewed. The pathology reports and laboratory parameters and demographics of the patients were recorded for comparison. The patients were later excluded if they had an hemoglobin level below 12 mg/dl and the outliers were removed for a comparison. Seventy-six patients in the fibroadenoma group and 62 patients in the breast malignancy group were compared for the RDW levels to predict the presence of malignancy. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted for RDW and a threshold for prediction of malignancy was calculated.

Results:
The difference in RDW levels between group A and group B was found to be significant, 13,10% (IQR 12.60 -13.70) versus 13,80% (IQR 13.10-14.40) respectively, P = 0,00. The area under the curve was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.79), P = 0,00. For the threshold of 13,75 the positive predictive value was 67.35 (95% CI 55.72 to 77.17) and negative predictive value was 67.42 (95% CI 60.76% to 73.44).

Conclusion:
The RDW levels, after adjusted for anemia, were found to have a positive prediction for malignancy in more than two thirds of the patients for the level of 13.75%.
Impact of the COVID-19 National Lockdown on a Rural and Tribal Population of Tamil Nadu, Southern India: A Mixed-Methods Survey
Authors: Ramesh Rohan Michael , Aruldas Kumudha , Marconi Sam David , Janagaraj Venkateshprabhu , Rose Anuradha , John Sushil Mathew , Moorthy Mahesh , Muliyil Jayaprakash , Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kaliappan , Ajjampur Sitara Swarna Rao , Sindhu Kulandaipalayam Natarajan 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT.
We assessed the impact of the national lockdown on a rural and tribal population in Tamil Nadu, southern India. A mixed-methods approach with a pilot-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and focus group discussions were used. The impact of the lockdown on health, finances, and livelihood was studied using descriptive statistics. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with households that borrowed loans or sold assets during the lockdown, and unemployment during the lockdown. Of the 607 rural and tribal households surveyed, households from comparatively higher socioeconomic quintiles (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.84; 95% CI, 1.01–3.34), with no financial savings (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.17–7.22), and with larger families (aOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.22–2.53), took loans or sold assets during the lockdown. Previously employed individuals from rural households (aOR, 5.07; 95% CI, 3.30–7.78), lower socioeconomic households (aOR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.74, 5.45), and households with no savings (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.30–2.44) became predominantly unemployed during the lockdown. Existing government schemes for the elderly, differently abled, and widows were shown to be accessible to 89% of the individuals requiring these schemes in our survey. During the focus group discussions, the limited reach of online classes for schoolchildren was noted and attributed to the lack of smartphones and poor Internet connectivity. Although the sudden, unannounced national lockdown was imposed to flatten the COVID-19 curve, aspects related to livelihood and financial security were affected for both the rural and tribal populations.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURIAL TEAM AND GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES IN KENYA
Authors: Mwaniki Zipporah , Nyang’au Samson , Ngugi Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between entrepreneurial team and growth of small and medium manufacturing enterprises in Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population was 422 manufacturing SMEs in Nairobi County who are members of Kenya Association of Manufacturers. Nairobi County was purposively selected. Both stratified and simple random sampling was used to select a representative sample. Both primary and secondary data collection techniques were employed. A Pilot study was conducted on 20 manufacturing SMEs in Kiambu County to establish and improve on the validity and reliability of research instruments. Data collected was coded and stored in tabular form using Microsoft Excel. Data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 software through descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion). Data was presented through Tables.
Results: The study found out that the there was a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial team and growth of small and medium enterprises. The conclusion from the results is that that 23.8% of growth of small and medium enterprises in Kenya is explained by entrepreneurial team.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that the government should formulate supportive policies for entry, survival and growth of manufacturing SMEs such as favorable terms and conditions for accessing finance, entrepreneurial education and training, research and development and markets.
ОТАВНОСТЬ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ТРАВ И ТРАВОСМЕСЕЙ
Authors: Н. С. Фаткулина  
Published: March 2022

Современное кормопроизводство базируется на многолетних бобовых (Fabaceae) травах и их смесях со злаковыми культурами (Poaceae), так как именно они должны составлять основу как консервированных, так и зеленых кормов, включая пастбищные. Именно многолетние травы, как люцерна (Medicágo), эспарцет (Onobrýchis) растут на любых почвах, после себя данные многолетние травы обогащают почву питательными минералами и являются хорошими предшественниками. Отавность многолетних и однолетних травосмесей напрямую зависит от видов травосмесей. Отавность двухкомпонентной травосмеси составляла в среднем 35,5 %, показывая хороший результат. Что же касается позднеспелой травосмеси, то у нее была довольно меньше. Отавность трехкомпонентной травосмеси мало чем отличалась от двухкомпонентной смеси. Отава, полученная по всем годам пользования была представлена в основном люцерной. Совокупные энергетические затраты на возделывание многолетних трав (Fabaceae), в зависимости от состава травостоя и интенсивности технологии, составляют порядка 7–15 ГДж/га, в то время как у однолетних трав – около 20, зернофуражных культур – 20–25, кукурузы (Zéa máys) на силос 40–45 ГДж/га. Если затраты энергии на производство одной кормовой единицы у многолетних трав (Fabaceae) составляет 2,5–3,0 МДж/га, то однолетних трав 5,0–5,2, у зернофуражных культур 5,5–6,0, у кукурузы (Zéa máys) на силос 5,8–6,1 МДж.
The New Power Eating
Authors: Kleiner Susan M , Greenwood-Robinson Maggie 
Published: March 2022

Transform your body as you build muscle, lose fat, and maximize performance with The New Power Eating. Author Susan Kleiner delivers the proven strategies she’s used with male and female professional athletes and Olympians in one practical, effective resource that gives you the know-how to reach your personal goals.
In The New Power Eating, Kleiner brings together the latest scientific research on nutrition planning and explains not just what to eat but also when and how to adjust eating plans for your body and specific energy needs. Whether it’s a heavy or light training day, in peak season or off-season, you’ll learn how to achieve your physique and performance goals safely, legally, and effectively.
New recipes pack a nutritional punch into every meal or snack, and sample meal plans for each meal of the day help you easily put it all together―you’ll even find a food group template to help you customize your own menus. Plus, updated details on safe supplements guide you through the maze of marketing claims to help you select the best options in view of the scientific evidence. Dr. Kleiner also walks you through how she evaluates products and brands based on testing for purity, potency, digestibility, and absorption.
Based on the author’s research, you’ll also find fascinating facts that explain how your relationship with food and the gut-to-brain axis can affect your physical and emotional health and performance. Both males and females will discover gender-specific guidance and strategies to help you take advantage of your body’s benefits and overcome unhealthy triggers or habits to create and maintain an effective power eating program.
Incorporate The New Power Eating into your training and find out what thousands of athletes already know: The New Power Eating is more than a book. It’s your path to power excellence.
Complete Conditioning for Soccer
Authors: Alexander Ryan 
Published: March 2022

The future of soccer conditioning has arrived.
With content ranging from how to properly develop speed, strength, power, and agility in players at all levels to unique position-specific training guidelines and detailed return-to-play protocols, Complete Conditioning for Soccer is a real game changer.
Training protocols and progressions, complete with schematics of on-field conditioning drills, guide conditioning for players from youth to professional levels. Field players of every position will increase strength to dribble through traffic. Forwards will pack more power into shots on goal. Central midfielders will improve quickness and agility to find open passing lanes and evade opponents. Goalkeepers will develop the explosiveness to cover the width of the goal to make that save.
Emphasizing player movement and conditioning needs for the long term, you will learn the positional and seasonal demands that directly impact player development and performance and discover the significant differences between playing styles, positions, levels of play, and genders.
To keep players game-ready, you’ll find detailed information on avoiding some of the most common soccer injuries as well as step-by-step, position-specific training protocols for players returning from injury.
Written by Ryan Alexander, the director of sports science for Atlanta United Football Club (MLS), Complete Conditioning for Soccer takes the process of physical preparation for soccer to a whole new level.
AUDIENCE
Strength and conditioning coaches and personal trainers who work with soccer players, as well as soccer coaches and players seeking the best ways to condition for the sport.
Surgical outcome of Occipitocervical Fixation for Craniocervical Instability
Authors: Rehman Riaz ur , Muhammad Asad Qureshi  , Ahmed Bilal Khalique  , Muhammad Waseem Afzal  , Muhammad Talha  , Syed Junaid Ismail  , Ihsanaullah  
Published: March 2022

Background: The occipitocervical junction is a unique area between the cranium and the upper cervical spine. Treating pathologies of this region require a good knowledge and understanding of the anatomy, biomechanics of this region and nature of the disease.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Occipitocervical Fixation (OCF) in patients with craniocervical instability in two tertiary care hospitals.
Metrial and Methods: This study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from April 2005 to December 2016. All patients with craniocervical instability were included in our study, and those having occipital bone fractures or previously operated patients with same technique were excluded from this study. The patients were compared using lateral static and dynamic X-ray taken before the operation, after the operation, and during last follow-up. The Nurick score was used to assess neurological function pre and postoperatively.
Results: A total of 49 cases with craniocervical instability underwent OCF. The mean age of the patients was 40.5 + 1.2 SD years. There were 31 male patients and 18 female patients. Majority patients showed improvements in myelopathic symptoms after the operation. The mean preoperative Nurick score was 3.0. At the end of follow-up after surgery, the mean Nurick score was 2.1.
Conclusions: Occipitocervical fixation is a reasonable option to have spinal stability, achieve bone fusion and to get neurological improvement. The procedure can be complicated by certain conditions but these can safely be handled in experience hands.