bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditionally Essential Amino Acid Supplementation Reduces Postoperative Complications and Muscle Wasting After Fracture Fixation
Authors: Hendrickson Nathan R. , Davison John , Glass Natalie A. , Wilson Erin S. , Miller Aspen , Leary Steven , Lorentzen William , Karam Matthew D. , Hogue Matthew , Marsh J. Lawrence , Willey Michael C. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Postoperative complications and substantial loss of physical function are common after musculoskeletal trauma. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of conditionally essential amino acid (CEAA) supplementation on complications and skeletal muscle mass in adults after operative fixation of acute fractures.

Methods:
Adults who sustained pelvic and extremity fractures that were indicated for operative fixation at a level-I trauma center were enrolled. The subjects were stratified based on injury characteristics (open fractures and/or polytrauma, fragility fractures, isolated injuries) and randomized to standard nutrition (control group) or oral CEAA supplementation twice daily for 2 weeks. Body composition (fat-free mass [FFM]) was measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Complications were prospectively collected. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. The relative risk (RR) of complications for the control group relative to the CEAA group was determined, and linear mixed-effects models were used to model the relationship between CEAA supplementation and changes in FFM.

Results:
Four hundred subjects (control group: 200; CEAA group: 200) were enrolled. The CEAA group had significantly lower overall complications than the control group (30.5% vs. 43.8%; adjusted RR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55 to 0.92; p = 0.008). The FFM decreased significantly at 6 weeks in the control subjects (–0.9 kg, p = 0.0205), whereas the FFM was maintained at 6 weeks in the CEAA subjects (−0.33 kg, p = 0.3606). This difference in FFM was not seen at subsequent time points.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that CEAA supplementation has a protective effect against common complications and early skeletal muscle wasting after operative fixation of extremity and pelvic fractures. Given the potential benefits of this inexpensive, low-risk intervention, multicenter prospective studies in focused trauma populations are warranted.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A dynamic predictive nomogram of long-term survival in primary gastric lymphoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Jinru , Liu Tao , Zhu Ying , Zhang Fangyuan , Zhai Menglan , Zhang Dejun , Zhao Lei , Jin Min , Lin Zhenyu , Zhang Tao , Zhang Liling , Yu Dandan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Primary gastric lymphoma (PGL) is the most common extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Given the rareness of the disease, it is vital to establish a predictive model to provide treatment and prognosis evidence for both PGL patients and doctors.Methods: A total of 8898 and 127 patients diagnosed with PGL were obtained from the SEER database and our Cancer Center as training and validation cohort, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to screen out independent risk factors for constructing survival predictive nomograms, and a web-based nomogram was also developed to dynamically predict the survival rate of PGL patients. Nomogram models were assessed and validated by concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Results: Overall survival (OS) nomogram was constructed based on eight variables, including age at diagnosis, sex, race, marital status, histology, stage, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) nomogram was developed with eight variables, including age at diagnosis, sex, marital status, primary tumor site, histology, stage, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. C-index, calibration curve, and ROC curve exhibited good agreement in the SEER and Chinese cohort.Conclusion: The nomogram models provided an insightful and applicable tool to evaluate the prognosis of PGL in OS and CSS.
Spatial and molecular profiling of classic Hodgkin lymphoma reveals an immunosuppressive mononuclear phagocyte network
Authors: Stewart Benjamin , Fergie Martin , Young Matthew , Jones Claire , Sachdeva Ashwin , Blain Alex , Bacon Chris , Rand Vikki , Ferdinand John , James Kylie , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Hook Liz , Jonas Nicolaas , Coleman Nicholas , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Collin Matthew , Clatworthy Menna , Behjati Sam , Carey Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Although a lymph node infiltrated by classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is mostly composed of nonneoplastic immune cells, the malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSC) successfully suppress an anti-tumor immune response, creating a cancer-permissive microenvironment. Accordingly, unleashing the dormant immune cells, for example by checkpoint inhibition, has been a central focus of recent therapeutic advances for this disease. Despite the efficacy of PD-1 blockade in relapsed cHL, a significant proportion of patients have suboptimal or non-durable responses, which may reflect HRSC and microenvironmental adaptation.Here, we profiled the global immune cell composition of normal and diseased lymph nodes by singlecell RNA sequencing, as a basis for interrogating the immediate vicinity of HRSC. We did so regionally and at cellular resolution, using spatial transcriptomics and multiplexed immunofluorescence, on fixed cHL tissue sections. It is established that tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with inferior outcomes following combination chemotherapy, but the function, interactions, and distribution of TAMs, and other mononuclear phagocytes, have not been fully explored.Our analyses revealed specific immune cells and functional states associated with HRSC. We discovered a non-random spatial organization of immunoregulatory mononuclear phagocytes (TAMs and classical monocytes) around HRSC, which express the immune checkpoints PD-L1, TIM-3, and the tryptophan-catabolizing protein IDO1. Dendritic cells (DC), key antigen presenting cells, are regionally polarized according to subtype. Specific DCs are spatially associated with the HRSC ‘neighborhood’ (cDC2), but plasmacytoid DCs and ‘activated’ DCs are excluded. These findings provide a basis for rational targeting and activation of the anti-tumor immune response in cHL.
Prophylactic surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC CO2) versus standard surgery for gastric carcinoma at high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Short and long-term outcomes. GOETH STUDY. A collaborative randomized controlled trial by ACOI, FONDAZIONE AIOM, SIC, SICE, SICO
Authors: Giorgio Andrea Di , Gerardi Chiara , Abatini Carlo , Melotti Gianluigi , Bonavina Luigi , Torri Valter , Santullo Francesco , Garattini Silvio , De Luca Matilde , Rulli Erica , Rulli Eliana , Pacelli Fabio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundAt the time of diagnosis, 15-20% of gastric carcinomas are in stage T4 or T4b. Furthermore, 5-20% of patients undergoing potentially curative surgery suffer from synchronous or metachronous peritoneal metastases. To date, neither surgery nor systemic chemotherapy successfully controls peritoneal dissemination, offering a limited impact on survival. Peritoneal metastases are in fact responsible for death in around 60% of gastric cancer patients. Several Eastern studies in the past have focused on HIPEC as a prophylactic measure in patients with serosal extension, nodal involvement and positive peritoneal fluid cytology. Therefore a new multimodal therapeutic strategy based on aggressive surgery plus new locoregional treatment may prolong survival in this particular clinical scenario. MethodsThis study compares the efficacy of prophylactic surgery (radical gastric resection, appendectomy, resection of the round ligament of the liver, and bilateral adnexectomy) plus HIPEC CO 2 versus standard surgery in patients with T3-T4 N0-N+ gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients will be randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to the experimental arm or standard surgery. The primary endpoint is to establish the difference in disease-free survival between the groups. The secondary objective is to compare the safety and tolerability of prophylactic surgery plus HIPEC CO 2 versus standard surgery.DiscussionConsidering the poor prognosis of patients with peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer, a prophylactic strategy to prevent peritoneal metastases may be beneficial. In patients with gastric cancer at high risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis, the treatment of minimal or unforeseen peritoneal disease together with primary tumor resection should reduce peritoneal recurrence. We propose aggressive surgical treatment with radical gastric resection, removal of organs at risk of harbouring tumor cells, and HIPEC.
A statistical analysis of Chinese stock indices returns from approach of parametric distributions fitting
Authors: Si Yuancheng , Nadarajah Saralees 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
How to capture the statistical characteristics of Chinese stock indices returns by the method of parametric distributions fitting could be useful in the fields of econometrics and risk management.In this paper we use a wider range of parametric distributions to model four main Chinese stock indices. We find a generalization of the Student’s t distribution is shown to provide the best fit.
Breakfast in the Philippines: Food Patterns and Nutritional Profile Results from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda , Custodio Ma. Rosel S. , Toledo Marvin B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Breakfast's impact to diet quality can help shape the current dietary guidelines. This study determined the regularity of breakfast consumption, energy and nutrient intakes and the contribution of breakfast to the daily intakes of Filipinos.
Methods
Data from the 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute was used which included data from 63,655 individuals that comprises of 14,013 school aged children (6–12 years old), 9,082 Adolescents (13–18 years old), 32,255 Adults (19–59 years old), and 8,305 Elderly (60 years old and above).
Results
Results show a high percentage of breakfast consumer with an average of 95–98% of Filipinos consuming breakfast across age groups. Breakfast consumption were significantly associated among adults and elderly who were female, urban dwellers, college graduates and are overweight. Breakfast contributed to more than 20% of daily energy and nutrient intakes across age groups. Mean vitamin C intakes at breakfast among adults was only 3.5 mg which is only 19% of the total daily intake of vitamin C for adults. The overall diet quality score (NRF 9.3) for the individuals with the healthiest diets (Tertile 3) were comparatively lower (range score of 330417) than the previous IBRI studies from Western countries. Food group intake at breakfast of the individuals with the healthiest diets is composed of a higher intake of vegetables, fresh fish, chocolate based beverages, rice and meat but lower intakes of cereal products, coffee and sugar.
Conclusion
Breakfast is consumed by majority of the Filipinos and contributes a significantly high percentage of energy and nutrients. Food group intakes at breakfast that favor more intake of vegetables, fresh fish, and chocolate based beverages are associated with the healthiest diets. Addition of fruit at breakfast will improve vitamin C uptake throughout the day.
Natural and Anthropogenic Sources of Potentially Toxic Elements to Aquatic Environment: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Carvalho Mayara de Almeida Ribeiro , Botero Wander Gustavo , de Oliveira Luciana Camargo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) constitute a class of metals, semimetals, and non-metals that may or may not be essential to living organisms and are of concern due to their persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification in high concentrations. PTEs can be introduced into the aquatic environment from various sources, anthropogenic or natural, occurring in waters, sediments, and organisms, posing risks to the ecosystem and to human health. A systematic literature review (SLR) was used in this study to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of PTEs for the aquatic environment. The databases consulted were ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, in the period 2000–2020, using specific terms and filters. After analyzing the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 79 articles were selected for the SLR, in which 21 sources and 16 EPTs were identified. The main anthropogenic source identified was mining and the main natural source identified was the weathering of rocks. Is worth noting that the identification of polluting sources is essential for the environmental monitoring of PTEs, as these elements cycle in the environment, not being chemically or biologically degraded, and can cause serious problems for various living organisms including human health.
Updated reference ranges for aminotransferase levels of Korean children and young adolescents based on the risk factors for metabolic syndrome
Authors: Seo Young-Jun , Shim Young Suk , Lee Hae Sang , Hwang Jin Soon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigated the reference values of liver enzymes based on cardiometabolic risks among children and adolescents using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 8,091 subjects aged 10–18 years were included from data from 2007–2017. Overall, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the AST/ALT ratio varied with sex and age. AST levels tended to decrease with age, but ALT levels had a U-shaped curve, which resulted in a gradual increase in the AST/ALT ratio after age 13. The prevalence of MetS was strongly associated with elevated AST or ALT and a decreased AST/ALT ratio. The odds ratios of the development of MetS were elevated in groups with high levels of AST and ALT and a low AST/ALT ratio. Particularly in the combined ALT and AST/ALT analyses, borderline-high levels also showed a high odds ratio of MetS. Liver enzymes were also involved in the increase in the adjusted mean values for each risk factor for MetS. Here, we provided updated reference values for liver enzymes based on the analysis between population-based data and cardiometabolic risk factors; AST, ALT and the AST/ALT ratio might be useful in the early diagnosis and treatment of the MetS.
CTMC Analyzing NAFLD Progression (Small Model)
Authors: Attia Iman M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this article, I tackle the problem of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from the statistical point of view. Using the multistate model, in the form of the continuous time Markov chains, helps the statistical analysis of the progression of the disease over time. The simplest model of the health-disease-death process is applied to the NAFLD. The model is composed of 8 pdfs and 5 rates that need to be estimated. Maximum likelihood and quasi-Newton methods are applied to estimate the transition rates among states. Exponentiation of this estimated rate matrix yields the transition probability matrix. This transition probability matrix can also be estimated from solving the forward Kolmogorov differential equations. Testing time homogeneity of this CTMC that model the disease process is also discussed by the author. This can be achieved by finding an empirical probability matrix that equates the exponentiation of the transition rate matrix, which is thoroughly investigated in the chapter. Also the embedding problem that may arise when trying to find the transition rate matrix from the transition probability matrix of the corresponding discrete time model is clarified. Testing Markovian property of the chain is also presented. Some remarks are also highlighted as regard the state probability distribution and the stationary probability distribution.
Effect of retention of posterior longitudinal ligament complex on Spinal deformity and motor after spinal intraspinal tumors in adult and pediatric
Authors: yin xiang , luo keyu , jin yufei , liu yaoyao , wang yinbo , liu mingyong , Liu Peng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Backgrounds
In most cases, complete resection of intranervous tumors and long-term neurological function can be achieved. However, some patients consider progressive postoperative spinal deformity as a postoperative complication.
Objective
We investigated that the posterior ligament complex obtained during laminoplasty can reduce spinal deformities and improve mobility, pain, and quality of life.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of more than 218 consecutive patients who underwent intrascleral tumor resection at one institution. The quality of life, painful cortex, spinal cord movement, progressive kyphosis or scoliosis, perioperative morbidity, and neurological results were compared in the laminoplasty and laminoplasty ligament groups.
Results
155 patients underwent laminoplasty and 63 patients underwent ligament complex after laminoplasty. The patient’s age was 42 ± 2.3 years, and the average modified McCormick score was 2. There were 158 (72.4%) intramedullary tumors and 115 (52.7%) extramedullary tumors. The average residence time of the ligament complex after laminoplasty was shortened (8 days vs. 6 days; p = 0.023) and hospital recovery time (48.4% vs. 26.9%; p = 0.012). 8 cases of laminoplasty (3%) and 3 cases of laminoplasty (1%) retained posterior ligament syndrome. Progressive spinal deformities occur an average of 20 months after surgery and an average of 18 months after surgery. Spine deformity. Maintaining the posterior ligament complex during laminoplasty can improve VAS assessment and spinal mobility.
Conclusion
The treatment of the posterior ligament complex during laminoplasty does not significantly affect spinal deformities, but significantly improves postoperative spinal activity, pain symptoms, and hospitalization.
Effect of salinity on the microscopic interaction and sedimentation behavior of halloysite clay
Authors: Noh Namgyu , Kwon Yeong-Man , Dae Kyun Seong , Cho Gye-Chun , Chang Ilhan , Yuk Jong Min 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pore-fluid salinity has a predominant effect on the formation of soil suspensions, especially for clays adjacent to the ocean, including bays, lagoons, sounds, slough, and estuaries. However, the clay response to changes in pore fluid salinity (e.g., salt intrusion or extrusion) has yet to be investigated. Herein, the influence of salinity on the microscopic interaction and sedimentation behavior of halloysite clay was investigated in an aqueous condition. Macro-scale sedimentation experiments and in-situ microscopic observations showed that halloysite clays in pore fluids with high ionic strength tended to disperse because salt ions weaken the edge-to-face halloysite fabrics. In the ensuing drop of the salinity, salt ions adsorbed onto the double layer of the clay surface were not reversely released. Comparing to sediment with a similar initial salinity, desalination resulted in weakened edge-to-face structures (a lower initial settling rate) and loose final sediment (a higher final sediment void ratio). Our study provides a thorough understanding of the salt effect on sediment formation, including changes in the microscopic clay particle fabric as salinity changes.
Diagnosis, Management and Maternal, Neonatal Outcomes of Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Among Pregnant Women in a Rural District of Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Descriptive Study
Authors: Amarawardena Maheshi , De Silva Neomal , Weerasena Lalindra , Jeyashree Kanapathipillai , Mahanama Sahan , Udesh Thamara , Selvaratnam Kaviesha , Silva Padmaka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Prevalence of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy is on the rise. Both gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-existing diabetes mellitus are linked to several maternal and foetal/neonatal complications. We describe the diagnosis, management and maternal, neonatal outcomes of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and compare these variables between mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and mothers with pre- existing diabetes mellitus in a rural district of Sri Lanka recovering from the effects of decades of civil war.
Methods
A retrospective cross sectional descriptive study was conducted among mothers with gestational or pre-existing diabetes with a singleton pregnancy, who delivered in the obstetric ward of district general hospital of Vavuniya from 01/10/2018 to 31/10/2019. Consecutive sampling was used.
Results
Mean age of the participants (n = 324) was 30.07 ± 4.63 (± SD) years. Post prandial blood glucose was checked in 88.8% during the booking visit. Pre-existing diabetes mellitus was detected in 13.5% of mothers. Medical nutrition therapy alone was used in the management of 54.01% of mothers. Addition of metformin alone was needed in 36.7% and 9.2% required combination therapy with metformin and insulin. There were no maternal deaths, intra uterine deaths or still births. Operative delivery was required in 46.3% of mothers. Birth weight > 3.5kg was observed in 13.3% of newborns. Low birth weight (birth weight < 2.5 kg) was noted in 5.2%. There were no cases of shoulder dystocia. Sixteen (4.93%) babies had minor complications. Post-partum complications were noted only in 7 (2.16%) mothers. Post-partum blood sugar levels were performed in 86.7% mothers. Neonatal complications and low birth weight were significantly higher among mothers with pre-existing diabetes.
Conclusions
We observed low rates of maternal and neonatal complications among mothers with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy. Re-establishment of public health system in these rural areas in the post-war period probably contributed to this. Mothers with pre-existing diabetes had significantly higher rates of low birth weight and neonatal complications compared to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. A significant number of mothers missed post-partum blood sugar testing which is an area that could be improved.