bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments via Linear Interactive Proofs
Authors: Bitansky Nir , Chiesa Alessandro , Ishai Yuval , Ostrovsky Rafail , Paneth Omer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSuccinct non-interactive arguments(SNARGs) enable verifying NP statements with lower complexity than required for classical NP verification. Traditionally, the focus has been on minimizing the length of such arguments; nowadays, researchers have focused also on minimizing verification time, by drawing motivation from the problem of delegating computation. A common relaxation is apreprocessingSNARG, which allows the verifier to conduct an expensive offline phase that is independent of the statement to be proven later. Recent constructions of preprocessing SNARGs have achieved attractive features: they are publicly-verifiable, proofs consist of onlyO(1) encrypted (or encoded) field elements, and verification is via arithmetic circuits of size linear in the NP statement. Additionally, these constructions seem to have “escaped the hegemony” of probabilistically-checkable proofs (PCPs) as a basic building block of succinct arguments. We present a general methodology for the construction of preprocessing$$\text{ SNARG } $$SNARGs, as well as resulting new efficiency features. Our contribution is threefold:(1)We introduce and study a natural extension of the interactive proof model that considersalgebraically-boundedprovers; this new setting is analogous to the common study of algebraically-bounded “adversaries” in other fields, such as pseudorandomness and randomness extraction. More concretely, in this work we focus on linear (or affine) provers, and provide several constructions of (succinct two-message)linear interactive proofs(LIPs) for NP. Our constructions are based on general transformations applied to bothlinearPCPs (LPCPs) and traditional “unstructured” PCPs.(2)We give conceptually simple cryptographic transformations from LIPs to preprocessing SNARGs, whose security can be based on different forms oflinear targeted malleability(implied by previous knowledge assumptions). Our transformations convert arbitrary (two-message) LIPs into designated-verifier SNARGs, and LIPs with degree-bounded verifiers into publicly-verifiable SNARGs. We also extend our methodology to obtainzero-knowledgeLIPs and SNARGs. Our techniques yield SNARGsof knowledgeand thus can benefit from known recursive composition and bootstrapping techniques.(3)Following this methodology, we exhibit several constructions achieving new efficiency features, such as “single-ciphertext preprocessing SNARGs.” We also offer a new perspective on existing constructions of preprocessing SNARGs, revealing a direct connection of these to LPCPs and LIPs.
RLWE and PLWE over cyclotomic fields are not equivalent
Authors: Di Scala Antonio J. , Sanna Carlo , Signorini Edoardo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe prove that the Ring Learning With Errors (RLWE) and the Polynomial Learning With Errors (PLWE) problems over the cyclotomic field $${\mathbb {Q}}(\zeta _n)$$

Q
(

ζ
n

)

are not equivalent. Precisely, we show that reducing one problem to the other increases the noise by a factor that is more than polynomial in n. We do so by providing a lower bound, holding for infinitely many positive integers n, for the condition number of the Vandermonde matrix of the nth cyclotomic polynomial.
Genomic assessment of an endemic Hawaiian surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis, reveals high levels of connectivity and fine-scale population structure
Authors: Coleman Richard R. , Bowen Brian W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Hawaiian Archipelago has served as a natural laboratory to assess genetic connectivity patterns across a broad spectrum of taxonomic and ecological diversity. Almost all these studies were based on a few targeted loci, but technologies now allow us to assess population structure with genomic coverage and greater resolution. Here, we provide a SNP-based analysis for an endemic surgeonfish, Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis (manini) across the Hawaiian Archipelago and adjacent Johnston Atoll (N = 461). Based on 3649 SNPs, manini showed population structure in the main Hawaiian Islands, but genetic homogeneity across most of the northwestern extent of the archipelago (overall FST = 0.033, P < 0.001). Net migration occurred from Johnston Atoll into Hawai‘i, providing further support for Johnston Atoll being a pathway for dispersal (or colonization) into Hawai′i. These results highlight the higher efficacy of genomic sequencing to characterize fine-scale patterns of connectivity relative to a targeted loci approach and, moving forward, may invoke a reassessment of past connectivity studies in a genomics framework.
Increased cytosolic calcium buffering contributes to a cellular arrhythmogenic substrate in iPSC-cardiomyocytes from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jung Philipp , Seibertz Fitzwilliam , Fakuade Funsho E. , Ignatyeva Nadezda , Sampathkumar Shrivatsan , Ritter Melanie , Li Housen , Mason Fleur E. , Ebert Antje , Voigt Niels 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major risk factor for heart failure and is associated with the development of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Using a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) model harbouring a mutation in cardiac troponin T (R173W), we aim to examine the cellular basis of arrhythmogenesis in DCM patients with this mutation. iPSC from control (Ctrl) and DCM-TnT-R173W donors from the same family were differentiated into iPSC-CM and analysed through optical action potential (AP) recordings, simultaneous measurement of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and membrane currents and separately assayed using field stimulation to detect the threshold for AP- and [Ca2+]i-alternans development. AP duration was unaltered in TnT-R173W iPSC-CM. Nevertheless, TnT-R173W iPSC-CM showed a strikingly low stimulation threshold for AP- and [Ca2+]i-alternans. Myofilaments are known to play a role as intracellular Ca2+ buffers and here we show increased Ca2+ affinity of intracellular buffers in TnT-R173W cells, indicating increased myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+. Similarly, EMD57033, a myofilament Ca2+ sensitiser, replicated the abnormal [Ca2+]i dynamics observed in TnT-R173W samples and lowered the threshold for alternans development. In contrast, application of a Ca2+ desensitiser (blebbistatin) to TnT-R173W iPSC-CM was able to phenotypically rescue Ca2+ dynamics, normalising Ca2+ transient profile and minimising the occurrence of Ca2+ alternans at physiological frequencies. This finding suggests that increased Ca2+ buffering likely plays a major arrhythmogenic role in patients with DCM, specifically in those with mutations in cardiac troponin T. In addition, we propose that modulation of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity could be an effective anti-arrhythmic target for pharmacological management of this disease.
Kompetenzorientierte Ethik-Lehre im Medizinstudium
Authors: Kühlmeyer Katja , Wolkenstein Andreas , Schütz Mathias , Wild Verina , Marckmann Georg 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDie anstehenden Reformen des Medizinstudiums nach den Vorgaben des Masterplans 2020 sehen eine kompetenzorientierte Neustrukturierung des Medizinstudiums vor. Dieser Artikel zielt darauf ab, Perspektiven aufzuzeigen, wie der Ethik-Unterricht im Medizinstudium noch stärker kompetenzorientiert ausgerichtet werden kann. Er verfolgt damit das Ziel, den Kompetenzbegriff für die Medizinethik greifbarer und für die Gestaltung der Medizinethik-Lehre nutzbar zu machen. Kompetenzen verstehen wir als Handlungsdispositionen, die zur Problemlösung befähigen. Durch Übertragung des Konzepts der moralischen Intelligenz auf das moralische Handeln von Ärzt:innen in der Patient:innenversorgung spezifizieren wir fünfethisch-moralischeKompetenzen, die für moralisch angemessenes, ethisch reflektiertes professionelles Handeln angehender Ärzt:innen angelegt sein müssen: 1.) die Fähigkeit zur Ausgestaltung eines professionellen moralischen Kompasses, 2.) die Ausrichtungsbereitschaft an professionsethischen Normen und Werten, 3.) die Fähigkeit zur Wahrnehmung moralischer Dimensionen ärztlichen Handelns, 4.) die Fähigkeit zum moralischen Urteilen anhand ethischer Überlegungen über das richtige Handeln und 5.) die Realisierungsbereitschaft ethisch begründeten Handelns. Wir illustrieren ihre Bedeutung für die Medizinethik-Lehre am Beispiel des Unterrichts zur Ethik der Patient:innenversorgung (u. a. Klinische Ethik) im Medizinstudium. Unsere Konzeptualisierung ethisch-moralischer Kompetenzen kann dazu verwendet werden, konkrete Lehrangebote kompetenzorientiert auszugestalten. Unser Vorgehen kann analog auf andere Bereiche der Lehre von Ethik im Gesundheitswesen übertragen werden.
Real-Time Measurement of Mechanical Behavior of Granite During Heating–Cooling Cycle: A Mineralogical Perspective
Authors: Mo Chengkang , Zhao Junliang , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChanges in mechanical properties of rocks at high temperatures are significant to various scientific and engineering problems, such as efficient exploration in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) and rock mass stability in radioactive waste disposal. However, a comprehensive understanding of changes in rock mechanical behaviors at high temperatures and corresponding mechanisms, especially granites, remains unclear, which calls for the examination of micromechanical properties of the constituent minerals. This work investigates four representative minerals in granites, including quartz, plagioclase, amphibole, and biotite. The micromechanical properties of these minerals in the heating–cooling cycle were characterized in real time by using the nanoindentation technique. The morphology of samples was observed not only under real-time cyclic heating–cooling conditions, but also after thermal treatment. Subsequently, changes in structure of the minerals at elevated temperatures based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) were studied. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier’s transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) was performed to examine physio-chemical alterations of minerals at high temperatures. The experimental results revealed that the reduced modulus and hardness of quartz decreased during heating and subsequently increased during cooling. During the heating–cooling cycle, the hardness of plagioclase varied similarly to that of quartz, but its reduced modulus increased up to approximately $$300\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

300

∘

C

followed by a decrease during heating. Unlike the net decrease of modulus of quartz after exposure to the heating–cooling cycle, feldspar showed a net increase of modulus. The micromechanical properties of biotite were found to rise significantly during heating, followed by a decrease during cooling. XRD results suggested the alteration of mineral structure, including spacing of lattice planes, crystallinity, and phase transitions, which controlled the above changes in mechanical behaviors of quartz, amphibole, and plagioclase. However, the aperture of open cracks along the cleavage in biotite determined its micromechanical properties during heating and cooling. Thermally-induced microcracks were observed during heating; whereas, closure of pre-existing cracks and initiation of microcracks were found during cooling. The real-time measured micromechanical properties of minerals could relate to the macromechanical behaviors of rocks under heating–cooling conditions based on thermally-induced microcracks.
Sensory testing and topical capsaicin can characterize patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Anders Bjoern , Anders Malte , Kreuzer Matthias , Zinn Sebastian , Fricker Lukas , Maier Christoph , Wolters Miriam , Köhm Michaela , Behrens Frank , Walter Carmen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and objectives
Our study aimed at examining the long-time inflammatory effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as chronic immune-mediated disease on pain sensation and neuropathy development compared to healthy subjects (HS).

Methods
We used the quantitative sensory testing (QST) protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain and Electroencephalography (EEG)–based contact heat evoked potentials (CHEPs) before and after topical capsaicin application. We recruited 16 RA patients in remission or low disease activity state (mean age: 59.38 years [± 10.18]) and 16 healthy subjects (mean age: 56.69 years [± 8.92]).

Results
The application of capsaicin cream on the thigh provoked a stronger effect in HS for both mechanical and heat pain thresholds (MPT and HPT, resp.), according to the area under the receiver operation characteristic (AUROC) (HS: HPT: 0.8965, MPT: 0.7402; RA: HPT: 0.7012, MPT: 0.6113). We observed contrary effects regarding changes in CHEPs (HS: g*max =  − 0.65; RA patients: g*max = 0.72).

Conclusion
As the overall effect of topical capsaicin application was higher in HS for QST, we suggest the existence of a sensitization of TRPV1 channels in RA patients caused by long-time chronical inflammation, despite a lack of clinical signs of inflammation due to adequate treatment. The effect in CHEPs probably uncovers neuropathic symptoms. The effect of topical capsaicin on HPTs and CHEPs can act as a marker for the extent of sensitization and the development of neuropathic symptoms. Further studies are needed to prove if our proposed method can act as a marker for the success of anti-inflammatory treatment.

Key Points• The effect of topical capsaicin may represent the extent of TRPV1 sensitization in rheumatoid arthritis.• The effect of topical capsaicin on the amplitude level of CHEPs can unmask neuropathic symptoms.• The effect of topical capsaicin on CHEPs and HPTs can show the long-term consequences and the treatment success of RA patients in remission.
High rates of blood transfusion associated with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shahrestani Shane , Gendreau Julian , Tafreshi Ali R. , Brown Nolan J. , Dashtipour Khashayar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
As evidence continues to accumulate regarding the multi-organ dysfunction associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), it is still unclear as to whether PD increases the risk of hematological pathology. In this study, the authors investigate the association between PD and hematological pathology risk factors.

Methods
This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using 8 years of the National Readmission Database. All individuals diagnosed with PD were queried at the time of primary admission. Readmissions, complications, and risk factors were analyzed at 30-, 90-, 180-, and 300-day intervals. Statistical analysis included multivariate Gaussian-fitted modeling using age, sex, comorbidities, and discharge weights as covariates. Coefficients of model variables were exponentiated and interpreted as odds ratios.

Results
The database query yielded 1,765,800 PD patients (mean age: 76.3 ± 10.4; 44.1% female). Rates of percutaneous blood transfusion in readmitted patients at 30, 90, 180, and 300 days were found to be 8.7%, 8.6%, 8.3%, and 8.3% respectively. Those with anti-parkinsonism medication side effects at the primary admission had increased rates of gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage (OR: 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01–1.03, p < 0.0001) and blood transfusion (OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 1.05–1.08, p < 0.0001) at all timepoints after readmission. PD patients who experienced GI hemorrhage of any etiology, including as a side effect of anti-parkinsonism medication, were found to have significantly higher rates of blood transfusion at all timepoints (OR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.13–1.16, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Blood transfusions were found to be significantly associated with anti-parkinsonism drug side effects and GI hemorrhage of any etiology.
Impact of COVID-19 vaccine on epilepsy in adult subjects: an Italian multicentric experience
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Rollo Eleonora , Quintieri Paolo , Dono Fedele , Evangelista Giacomo , Consoli Stefano , Veleno Luigi , Anzellotti Francesca , Calvello Carmen , Costa Cinzia , Servidei Serenella , Calabresi Paolo , Vollono Catello 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the safety and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccines in people with epilepsy (PwE).

Methods
In this multicentric observational cohort study, we recruited adult patients (age > 18 years old) with epilepsy who attended the Outpatient Epilepsy Clinic from 1st July to 30th October 2021. We administered to the patients a structured questionnaire and interview on demographic and epilepsy characteristics, current treatment, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine characteristics, post-vaccine seizure relapse, other side effect, variation of sleep habits, caffeine, or alcohol intake. Seizure frequency worsening was defined as a ratio between mean monthly frequency post-vaccination and mean monthly frequency pre-vaccination superior to 1. Patients were categorized in two groups: patients with seizure frequency worsening (WORSE) and patients with seizure stability (STABLE).

Results
A total of 358 people participated with a mean age of 47.46 ± 19.04. Focal seizure (79.1%), generalized epilepsy (20.4%), and unknown types of epilepsy (0.5%) were detected among participants. In total, 31 (8.7%) people expressed that they were not willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine; 302 patients (92.35%) did not experience an increase in the seizure frequency (STABLE-group) whereas 25 patients (7.65%) had a seizure worsening (WORSE-group). Post-vaccine seizures occurred mainly in the 7 days following the administration of the vaccine. Patients in the WORSE-group were treated with a mean higher number of anti-seizure medication (ASMs) (p = 0.003) and had a higher pre-vaccine seizure frequency (p = 0.009) compared with patients in the STABLE-group. Drug-resistant epilepsy was also associated with seizure worsening (p = 0.01). One-year pre-vaccination seizure frequency pattern demonstrated that patients in the WORSE-group had a higher frequency pattern (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of the vaccinated group showed that only the seizure frequency pattern (confidence interval [CI] = 1.257–2.028; p < 0.001) was significantly associated with seizure worsening.

Conclusion
In our cohort of vaccinated PwE, only a little percentage had a transient short-term increase of seizure frequency. The present study demonstrates that COVID-19 vaccines have a good safety and tolerability profile in the short term in PwE.
Multiple solutions for coupled gradient-type quasilinear elliptic systems with supercritical growth
Authors: Candela Anna Maria , Sportelli Caterina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following coupled gradient-type quasilinear elliptic system $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{*{20}l} - {\text{div}} ( a(x, u, \nabla u) ) + A_t (x, u, \nabla u) = G_u(x, u, v) &{}{\hbox { in }}\Omega ,\\ - {\text{div}} ( b(x, v, \nabla v) ) + B_t(x, v, \nabla v) = G_v\left( x, u, v\right) &{}{\hbox { in }}\Omega ,\\ u = v = 0 &{}{\hbox { on }}\partial \Omega , \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

-
div

(
a

(
x
,
u
,
∇
u
)

)

+

A
t

(
x
,
u
,
∇
u
)

=

G
u

(
x
,
u
,
v
)

in

Ω
,

-
div

(
b

(
x
,
v
,
∇
v
)

)

+

B
t

(
x
,
v
,
∇
v
)

=

G
v

x
,
u
,
v

in

Ω
,

u
=
v
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

where $$\Omega$$
Ω
is an open bounded domain in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

, $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

. We suppose that some $$\mathcal {C}^{1}$$

C

1

–Carathéodory functions $$A, B:\Omega \times {\mathbb {R}}\times {\mathbb {R}}^N\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

A
,
B
:
Ω
×
R
×

R

N

→
R

exist such that $$a(x,t,\xi ) = \nabla _{\xi } A(x,t,\xi )$$

a

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

=

∇
ξ

A

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

, $$A_t(x,t,\xi ) = \frac{\partial A}{\partial t} (x,t,\xi )$$

A
t

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

=

∂
A

∂
t

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

, $$b(x,t,\xi ) = \nabla _{\xi } B(x,t,\xi )$$

b

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

=

∇
ξ

B

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

, $$B_t(x,t,\xi ) =\frac{\partial B}{\partial t}(x,t,\xi )$$

B
t

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

=

∂
B

∂
t

(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

, and that $$G_u(x, u, v)$$

G
u

(
x
,
u
,
v
)

, $$G_v(x, u, v)$$

G
v

(
x
,
u
,
v
)

are the partial derivatives of a $$\mathcal {C}^{1}$$

C

1

–Carathéodory nonlinearity $$G:\Omega \times {\mathbb {R}}\times {\mathbb {R}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

G
:
Ω
×
R
×
R
→
R

. Roughly speaking, we assume that $$A(x,t,\xi )$$

A
(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

grows at least as $$(1+|t|^{s_1p_1})|\xi |^{p_1}$$

(
1
+
|
t
|

s
1

p
1

)
|
ξ
|

p
1

, $$p_1 > 1$$

p
1

>
1

, $$s_1 \ge 0$$

s
1

≥
0

, while $$B(x,t,\xi )$$

B
(
x
,
t
,
ξ
)

grows as $$(1+|t|^{s_2p_2})|\xi |^{p_2}$$

(
1
+
|
t
|

s
2

p
2

)
|
ξ
|

p
2

, $$p_2 > 1$$

p
2

>
1

, $$s_2 \ge 0$$

s
2

≥
0

, and that G(x, u, v) can also have a supercritical growth related to $$s_1$$

s
1

and $$s_2$$

s
2

. Since the coefficients depend on the solution and its gradient themselves, the study of the interaction of two different norms in a suitable Banach space is needed. In spite of these difficulties, a variational approach is used to show that the system admits a nontrivial weak bounded solution and, under hypotheses of symmetry, infinitely many ones.
UAV applications to assess short-term dynamics of slow-moving landslides under dense forest cover
Authors: Ilinca Viorel , Șandric Ionuț , Chițu Zenaida , Irimia Radu , Gheuca Ion 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper presents a methodology to rapidly assess and map the landslide kinematics in areas with dense vegetation cover. The method uses aerial imagery collected with UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and their derived products obtained from the structure from motion technique. The landslide analysed in the current paper occurred in the spring of 2021 and is located in Livadea village from Curvature Subcarpathians, Romania. This landslide affected the houses in the vicinity, and people were relocated because of the risk of landslide reactivation. To mitigate the landslide consequences, a preliminary investigation based on UAV imagery and geological-geomorphological field surveys was carried out to map the active parts of the landslide and establish evacuation measures. Three UAV flights were performed between 6 May and 10 June using DJI Phantom 4 and Phantom 4 RTK UAVs (Real-Time Kinematic Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). Because it is a densely forested area, semi-automated analyses of the landslide kinematics and change detection analysis were not possible. Instead, the landslide displacement rates and the changes in terrain morphology were assessed by manually interpolating the landmarks, mostly tilted trees, collected from all three UAV flights. The results showed an average displacement of approximately 20 m across the landslides, with maximum values reaching 45 m in the transport area and minimum values below 1 m in the toe area. This approach proved quick and efficient for rapid landslide investigations in a densely forested area when fast response and measures are necessary to reduce the landslide consequences.