bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Distribution During Slag Formation in Mn Ferroalloy Production
Authors: Mukono Tichaona , Wallin Maria , Tangstad Merete 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Phase development during slag formation and reduction of Comilog and Assmang ores in a setup that simulates the conditions in an industrial SAF process under different coke bed temperatures, 1473 K (1200 °C), 1673 K (1400 °C) and 1773 K, (1500 °C) was investigated. Graphite crucibles were utilized to contain the charge and as a heating element in an induction furnace. A temperature profile was established, cross-sectional excavations were made, and samples were core drilled at selected positions. The resultant phases, i.e., slag and metal, were examined in an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) coupled with wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS). The equilibrium phase relations in the MnO–SiO2–CaO–MgO–Al2O3 oxide system were calculated using FactSage 7.3 thermochemical software. Differences in ore compositions revealed significant differences in phase development during slag formation and reduction behavior of these manganese sources. The phase development is highly influenced by temperature and position in relation to the coke bed, with a two-phase region, i.e., manganosite + liquid, dominant on top of the coke bed and a dominant liquid slag inside the coke bed. The solid monoxide phase in Comilog has been found to be purely MnO. In contrast to Comilog, the solid monoxide solution phase in Assmang has significantly high FeO content and forms a (Mn,Mg,Fe)O solid solution, which becomes more enriched in MgO with increases in temperature and reduction extent. Due to lower concentration of CO gas for prereduction in this experimental setup, iron oxides are reduced to FeO instead of Fe and subsequently FeO is stabilized in the monoxide solid solution.
Trimethylamine N-Oxide Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation by Aggravating Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence in Mice
Authors: Hu Jiaxin , Xu Jiamin , Shen Song , Zhang Wengfeng , Chen Haiting , Sun Xuan , Qi Yu , Zhang Ying , Zhang Qi , Guo Meng , Peng Ningxin , Xu Biao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTrimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been linked to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. However, the role of TMAO in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is not known. This study investigated the association between TMAO and AAA formation. TMAO and saline were added to the drinking water of angiotensin II (AngII)- and calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced AAA model mice, respectively. After 4 weeks, the effects of TMAO on AAA development were determined by histology and immunohistology of aortic tissue. The in vitro effects of TMAO were also examined in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The maximal aortic diameter, incidence of AAA, and degree of elastin degradation were significantly increased in TMAO-treated mice. TMAO also increased the accumulation of the senescence markers p21 and p16, as well as of reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) in vivo and in vitro. TMAO promoted AAA development in mouse AAA models induced by AngII and CaCl2 by a mechanism involving cellular senescence.
Graphical abstract
Japanese school administrators’ experiences after the implementation of the Top Global University Project language policy
Authors: Davila Gilder 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs a result of globalisation, many higher education institutions in Japan have made changes to their curriculum and administrative system to attract international students. The Japanese government has also carried out different policies to support universities across the country and accelerate their internationalisation process. The study focuses on the implementation of the 2014 Top Global University Project (TGUP) in 37 Japanese higher education institutions. School administrators were interviewed in relation to their experiences with policy implementation. After coding and analysing the interview data, three themes were selected for discussion a) the financial burden; b) the English policy for staff; and c) policy transmission within an institution. Bernstein’s notion of the pedagogic device was employed to analyse school administrators’ discourses concerning the policy. Findings revealed how the process of implementation has taken place and the issues affecting its proper execution. The study concludes that top-down relations of power and control, hierarchies, people’s ideologies, and management culture affect and delay the internationalisation process of higher education.
Isis in a Global Empire
Authors: Mazurek Lindsey A. 
Published: February 2022

In Isis in a Global Empire, Lindsey Mazurek explores the growing popularity of Egyptian gods and its impact on Greek identity in the Roman Empire. Bringing together archaeological, art historical, and textual evidence, she demonstrates how the diverse devotees of gods such as Isis and Sarapis considered Greek ethnicity in ways that differed significantly from those of the Greek male elites whose opinions have long shaped our understanding of Roman Greece. These ideas were expressed in various ways - sculptures of Egyptian deities rendered in a Greek style, hymns to Isis that grounded her in Greek geography and mythology, funerary portraits that depicted devotees dressed as Isis, and sanctuaries that used natural and artistic features to evoke stereotypes of the Nile. Mazurek's volume offers a fresh, material history of ancient globalization, one that highlights the role that religion played in the self-identification of provincial Romans and their place in the Mediterranean world.
An accelerating crisis: Metascience is out-reproducing psychological science
Authors: Watson Patrick D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScientific claims are selected in part for their ability to survive. Scientists can pursue an r-strategy of broad, easy-to-spread ideas, or a K-strategy of stress-tested, bulletproof statements. The “generalizability crisis” is an exquisite mutation that allows dull, K-strategic methodology articles to spread nearly as quickly as the fast-breeding, r-strategic memes of pop-psychology.
Generalizability, transferability, and the practice-to-practice gap
Authors: de Leeuw Joshua R. , Motz Benjamin A. , Fyfe Emily R. , Carvalho Paulo F. , Goldstone Robert L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEmphasizing the predictive success and practical utility of psychological science is an admirable goal but it will require a substantive shift in how we design research. Applied research often assumes that findings are transferable to all practices, insensitive to variation between implementations. We describe efforts to quantify and close this practice-to-practice gap in education research.
The crisis from above: Gatekeepers need better standards
Authors: Schiavone Sarah R. , Bottesini Julia G. , Vazire Simine 
Published: February 2022

AbstractImprovements to the validity of psychological science depend upon more than the actions of individual researchers. Editors, journals, and publishers wield considerable power in shaping the incentives that have ushered in the generalizability crisis. These gatekeepers must raise their standards to ensure authors' claims are supported by evidence. Unless gatekeepers change, changes made by individual scientists will not be sustainable.
Causal analysis as a bridge between qualitative and quantitative research
Authors: Blersch Rosemary , Franchuk Neil , Lucas Miranda , Nord Christina M. , Varsanyi Stephanie , Bonnell Tyler R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractYarkoni argues that one solution is to abandon quantitative methods for qualitative ones. While we agree that qualitative methods are undervalued, we argue that both are necessary for thoroughgoing psychological research, complementing one another through the use of causal analysis. We illustrate how directed acyclic graphs can bridge qualitative and quantitative methods, thereby fostering understanding between different psychological methodologies.
A Frontal Thunderstorm With Several Multi‐Cell Lines Found to Produce Energetic Preliminary Breakdown
Authors: Kolmašová I. , Soula S. , Santolík O. , Farges T. , Bousquet O. , Diendorfer G. , Lán R. , Uhlíř L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe combine electromagnetic measurements with meteorological and lightning detection data to explain an observation of unusually strong preliminary breakdown (PB) produced by a thunderstorm system that developed along the Mediterranean Coast of Southern France in the early hours of 19 June 2013. This multi‐cellular storm was composed of several parallel convective lines in the NW‐SE direction. Our analysis focuses on 10 sequences of energetic electromagnetic PB pulses recorded by two receivers located at different distances from this thunderstorm. The peak currents, which generated these strong PB pulses, reached −36 kA. The initial polarity of all observed energetic PB pulses confirmed the movement of the negative charge downward, as in case of PB pulses preceding negative cloud‐to‐ground discharges. The locations of PB pulses appeared in areas with none or very weak lightning activity. Most PB pulses were initiated in small, short‐living, rapidly moving convective storm cells characterized by low reflectivity values (generally <40 dBZ), weak vertical development, and low flash density. Our findings indicate that the observed thunderstorm might possess temporary strong negatively charged pockets located above a strong positive charge region at low‐level. Such charge arrangement, likely explains our observation of unusually strong PB pulses and the absence of RS pulses in electromagnetic recordings.
A Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Stochastic Cloud Population Model as a Parameterization of Cumulus Convection
Authors: Hagos Samson , Chen Jingyi , Barber Katelyn , Sakaguchi Koichi , Plant Robert S. , Feng Zhe , Xiao Heng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA machine‐learning‐assisted stochastic cloud population model is coupled with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to represent fluctuations in the cloud‐base mass flux associated with the life cycles and interactions among cumulus convection cells. In this cloud population model, the size distribution and the associated cloud‐base mass flux of the convective cells are related to their previous state and to the change in the total convective area via a transition function. The convective area tendency in turn is assumed to depend on the cloud‐base mass flux that is resolved by the host WRF model. The transition function is represented by a single hidden‐layer neural network trained by the evolution of convective cell size distributions in a 1‐km grid‐spacing WRF simulation run over the Australian Monsoon region. At every grid point of the host model, the cloud population model predicts the cell size and cloud‐base mass flux distributions from which a random sample of cells is fed to an entraining parcel model that calculates precipitation as well as the associated liquid water potential temperature and total moisture tendencies. These tendencies are averaged over the cells and provided to the host model. Several regional simulations are performed over tropical and midlatitude domains to test this as a potential approach to scale‐aware parameterization. It is shown that such an approach could be a new promising path to simulating realistic precipitation statistics and propagation of precipitation associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation while maintaining realistic depictions of the diurnal cycle over both land and ocean.
Ultra‐Wideband and Polarization‐Independent RCS Reduction Based on Polarization Conversion Metasurface
Authors: Lin B. Q. , Huang W. Z. , Yang Y. S. , Lv L. T. , Guo J. X. , Wang Y. W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, an ultra‐wideband polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed. Because it is an anisotropic structure with a pair of mutually perpendicular symmetric axes u and v, and the phase difference between the reflection coefficients under u‐ and v‐polarized incidences is close to 180° in an ultra‐wide frequency range from 9.5 to 29.5 GHz, it can realize ultra‐wideband circular polarization (CP) maintaining reflection and make its co‐polarized reflection coefficient under CP incidence close to 1.0 in the ultra‐wide band 9.2–29.7 GHz. In addition, for any metasurface, when its unit cell structure is rotated by an angle ψ, almost ±2ψ Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) phase will be generated in co‐polarized reflection coefficient under CP incidence. Thus, based on the proposed PCM, an ultra‐wideband Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) 2‐dit coding metasurface is conveniently proposed. The simulation and experimental results show that the coding metasurface can achieve more than 10 dB radar cross section (RCS) reduction under normal incidence with arbitrary polarizations in the ultra‐wide frequency band 8.7–29.3 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 108.4%, in addition, when the incident angle is increased to 30°, the RCS reduction performance can be kept well, which shows that the proposed coding metasurface has good stealth performance under the detection of airborne radar, fire control radar and imaging radar working in X, Ku, and K bands, it is very practical.
Clinical outcomes with use of radiation therapy and risk of transformation in early-stage follicular lymphoma
Authors: Sha Fushen , Okwali Michelle , Alperovich Anna , Caron Philip C. , Falchi Lorenzo , Hamilton Audrey , Hamlin Paul A. , Horwitz Steven M. , Joffe Erel , Khan Niloufer , Kumar Anita , Matasar Matthew J. , Moskowitz Alison J. , Noy Ariela , Owens Colette , Palomba Lia M. , Rodriguez-Rivera Ildefonso , Straus David , von Keudell Gottfried , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Yahalom Joachim , Dogan Ahmet , Schöder Heiko , Seshan Venkatraman E. , Salles Gilles , Younes Anas , Batlevi Connie L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBetween 1998 and 2009, a total of 295 patients (median age 58, 53% females) with newly diagnosed early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) were managed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Approximately half of patients (137, 46%) underwent initial observation and half (158, 54%) immediate treatment: radiation alone (n = 108), systemic treatment alone (n = 29), or combined modality treatment (n = 21). Median follow-up was 8.4 years (range 0.3–17.2), and 10-year overall survival (OS) was 87.2%. OS was similar between initially-observed and immediately-treated patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.67–2.36, p = 0.49). For patients receiving radiation alone, 5-year OS was 98.0%. Patients selected for systemic therapy alone had high-risk baseline features and had shorter OS than patients treated with radiation alone (HR 3.38, 95% CI 1.29–8.86, p = 0.01). Combined modality treatment did not yield superior survival compared with radiation alone (P > 0.05) but was associated with better progression-free survival (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14–0.90, p = 0.03). The rate of transformation increased steadily over time and was 4.2% at 5 years and 10.8% at 10 years. This modern-era analysis rationalized the role of initial observation in patients with early-stage FL although patients receiving radiation therapy also demonstrate excellent outcome.
Aberrant somatic hypermutation of CCND1 generates non-coding drivers of mantle cell lymphomagenesis
Authors: Müller Heiko , Walter Wencke , Hutter Stephan , Nadarajah Niroshan , Meggendorfer Manja , Kern Wolfgang , Haferlach Torsten , Haferlach Claudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAberrant somatic hypermutation (aSHM) can target proto-oncogenes and drive oncogenesis. In mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), CCND1 is targeted by aSHM in the non-nodal subtype (nnMCL), giving rise to exon1 encoded mutant proteins like E36K, Y44D, and C47S that contribute to lymphomagenesis by virtue of their increased protein stability and nuclear localization. However, the vast majority of somatic variants generated by aSHM are found in the first intron of CCND1 but their significance for mantle cell lymphomagenesis is unknown. We performed whole-genome and whole-transcriptome sequencing in 84 MCL patients to explore the contribution of non-coding somatic variants created by aSHM to lymphomagenesis. We show that non-coding variants are enriched in a MCL specific manner in transcription factor-binding sites, that non-coding variants are associated with increased CCND1 mRNA expression, and that coding variants in the first exon of CCND1 are more often synonymous or cause benign amino acid changes than in other types of lymphomas carrying a t(11;14) translocation. Therefore, the increased frequency of somatic variants due to aSHM might be a consequence of selection pressure manifested at the transcriptional level rather than being a mere mechanistic consequence of misguided activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity.
Evaluation of the stability and intratumoral delivery of foreign transgenes encoded by an oncolytic Foamy Virus vector
Authors: Budzik Karol M. , Nace Rebecca A. , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Russell Stephen J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFoamy Viruses are cell cycle-dependent retroviruses capable of persisting unintegrated in quiescent cells until cell division occurs. This unique ability allows them to target slowly dividing human tumor cells which remains an unmet need in oncolytic virotherapy. We have previously reported the generation of oncolytic Foamy Virus (oFV) vector system and demonstrated its superiority over oncolytic Murine Leukemia Virus vectors in infecting slowly dividing cancer cells. In the present study we evaluated (i) the ability of oFV to carry foreign transgenes and (ii) the genetic stability of these vectors upon serial passage. The thymidine kinase (TK) and inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9) cDNAs could be detected in the oFV backbone for up to 3 in vitro passages. In vivo, GFP-, TK- and iCasp9- carrying oFV vectors propagated efficiently in subcutaneous xenograft glioblastoma tumors and drove transgene expression for up to 66 days. However, in vivo oFV vector spread eventually resulted in complete loss of the iCasp9 cDNA, minor loss of the TK cDNA and negligible loss of the GFP. Our results suggest that oFV is a promising gene delivery platform and that transgenes smaller than 1 kb might be most suitable for oFV arming.
Non-invasive detection and complementary diagnosis of liver metastases via chemokine receptor 4 imaging
Authors: Yang Hua , Tan Shanshan , Qiao Jingjuan , Xu Yiting , Gui Zongxiang , Meng Yuguang , Dong Bin , Peng Guangda , Ibhagui Oluwatosin Y. , Qian Weiping , Lu Jimmy , Li Zezhong , Wang Guimin , Lai Jinping , Yang Lily , Grossniklaus Hans E. , Yang Jenny J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNoninvasive detection of early-stage liver metastases from different primary cancers is a pressing unmet medical need. The lack of both molecular biomarkers and the sensitive imaging methodology makes the detection challenging. In this study, we observed the elevated expression of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in uveal melanoma (UM) patient liver tissues, and high CXCR4 expression in liver metastases of UM murine models, regardless of the expression levels in the primary tumors. Based on these findings, we identified CXCR4 as an imaging biomarker and exploited a CXCR4-targeted MRI contrast agent ProCA32.CXCR4 for molecular MRI imaging. ProCA32.CXCR4 has strong CXCR4 binding affinity, high metal selectivity, and r1 and r2 relaxivities, which enables the sensitive detection of liver micrometastases. The MRI imaging capacity for detecting liver metastases was demonstrated in three UM models and one ovarian cancer model. The imaging results were validated by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. ProCA32.CXCR4 has strong potential clinical application for non-invasive diagnosis of liver metastases.
Inference on the dynamics of COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Bhattacharjee Satarupa , Liao Shuting , Paul Debashis , Chaudhuri Sanjay 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic is described through a time-dependent stochastic dynamic model in discrete time. The proposed multi-compartment model is expressed through a system of difference equations. Information on the social distancing measures and diagnostic testing rates are incorporated to characterize the dynamics of the various compartments of the model. In contrast with conventional epidemiological models, the proposed model involves interpretable temporally static and dynamic epidemiological rate parameters. A model fitting strategy built upon nonparametric smoothing is employed for estimating the time-varying parameters, while profiling over the time-independent parameters. Confidence bands of the parameters are obtained through a residual bootstrap procedure. A key feature of the methodology is its ability to estimate latent unobservable compartments such as the number of asymptomatic but infected individuals who are known to be the key vectors of COVID-19 spread. The nature of the disease dynamics is further quantified by relevant epidemiological markers that make use of the estimates of latent compartments. The methodology is applied to understand the true extent and dynamics of the pandemic in various states within the United States (US).
A predictive model and a field study on heterogeneous slug distribution in arable fields arising from density dependent movement
Authors: Petrovskii Sergei , Ellis John , Forbes Emily , Petrovskaya Natalia , Walters Keith F. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFactors and processes determining heterogeneous (‘patchy’) population distributions in natural environments have long been a major focus in ecology. Existing theoretical approaches proved to be successful in explaining vegetation patterns. In the case of animal populations, existing theories are at most conceptual: they may suggest a qualitative explanation but largely fail to explain patchiness quantitatively. We aim to bridge this knowledge gap. We present a new mechanism of self-organized formation of a patchy spatial population distribution. A factor that was under-appreciated by pattern formation theories is animal sociability, which may result in density dependent movement behaviour. Our approach was inspired by a recent project on movement and distribution of slugs in arable fields. The project discovered a strongly heterogeneous slug distribution and a specific density dependent individual movement. In this paper, we bring these two findings together. We develop a model of density dependent animal movement to account for the switch in the movement behaviour when the local population density exceeds a certain threshold. The model is fully parameterized using the field data. We then show that the model produces spatial patterns with properties closely resembling those observed in the field, in particular to exhibit similar values of the aggregation index.