bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological Performance of Cold-Sprayed Nanocrystalline and Conventional Cu-Al Coatings
Authors: Liu J.C. , Zhang Jishan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cryomilled Cu-Al powder and the Cu/Al mixture were sprayed onto aluminum substrate using the cold spraying process. This study focused on the wear properties of the nanocrystalline (NC) Cu-Al coating in comparison to its coarse-grained (CG) Cu/Al counterpart. The results showed that the as-sprayed deposit presented a dense microstructure. Investigations on the worn surface of the NC coating revealed that the plastic deformation with grooves and some debris were prominent with no visible cracking. Nanocrystalline Cu-Al coating showed a good wear resistance with a low friction coefficient. The enhancement of the wear properties of the NC Cu-Al was attributed to the grain refinement and the superior hardness.
Effect of MCrAlY Bond Coat Temperature on Thermal Cyclic Lifetime of Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Dong Hui , Li Chang-Jiu , Ding Hang , Yang Guan-Juan , Li Cheng-Xin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Gradient thermal cycling test was performed on atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to examine the influence of the bond coat temperature on the thermal cyclic lifetime. The TBC system consisted of Inconel 738 substrate, cold-sprayed NiCoCrAlTaY bond coat (BC) and plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coat. Every thermal cycling test included 70s heating, 50s holding and 120s cooling. The temperature of top YSZ surface was about 1150 °C, while the bond coat temperatures were 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C, respectively. Results indicated that the lifetime of APS TBCs is significantly affected by bond coat temperature. A model to predict the relative thermal cyclic lifetime of TBCs at different bond coat temperature was established by taking account of main factors affecting the lifetime of TBCs. It was found that the predicted results are consistent with the observed results. As a result, the change of lifetime of APS TBCs mainly depends on the growth rate of thermally grown oxide (TGO), elastic modulus of YSZ and thermal expansion mismatch difference between YSZ and substrate caused by different bond coat temperature.
Effect of Thermally Grown Oxide Layer Thickness on Isothermal Cyclic Lifetime of Plasma-Sprayed YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Ding Hang , Dong Hui , Li Chang-Jiu , Yang Guan-Juan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of the thickness of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer on the isothermal cyclic lifetime of plasma-sprayed yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The TBCs were prepared with different initial TGO thicknesses through pre-oxidation. The results showed that the lifetime of the TBCs decreased significantly as the TGO thickness increased. There was a critical TGO thickness of 5 μm, beyond which the TBCs failed rapidly. The failure mode of the TBCs also changed with the TGO thickness, with cracking primarily occurring along the YSZ lamellae interfaces for TGO thicknesses below the critical thickness, and through the TGO or the interface between the TGO and YSZ coating for TGO thicknesses above the critical thickness.
A Method for Mechanical Characterization of Cold Spray Sputter Targets in PV Manufacturing
Authors: Vlcek Johannes , Hardikar Kedar , Juliano Daniel R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work the Brazilian disc test technique is applied to mechanical characterization of cold-sprayed Cu-In-Ga deposits. The main advantage of the test is that the material can be tested in its end product form while naturally attending to the distribution of micro-structural phases and flaws by choosing an appropriate specimen size. The stress state of the test specimen can be obtained in analytical closed form and testing can be readily extended to obtain the stress-strain curve. While limited to low ductility materials the Brazilian disc test appears ideal for testing as-sprayed cold spray deposits due to their typically brittle nature.
ALSTOM K4-Injector-Block—Advanced HVOF-Spraying for Future Applications
Authors: Schab J.C. , Olliges S. , Zoller B.T. , Zimmermann J.R.A. , Stankowski A. , Grasso P.-D. , Leyens C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
HVOF spraying has established itself in the last decade as a very cost competitive method, increasingly replacing VPS/LPPS for the application of typical high temperature protective metallic coatings on IGT hot gas path components. In order to further improve this technology, ALSTOM recently developed a new design of a 4-injector-block for the K2-gun. This advanced design does not only significantly optimize the energy consumption and spraying time, but also enables the future application of new complex metallic coatings. A CFD simulation of the K2-gun was performed in order to identify the optimization potential. Based on the results, an improved prototype was manufactured, validated and successfully introduced into manufacturing. The aim of the study was also to investigate in detail the impact of the hardware modification on parameters such as spray spot geometry, deposition efficiency, fuel consumption and the corresponding coating quality (porosity, bonding etc.), which shall be discussed within this paper.
Bioactive Glass Coatings Manufactured by Plasma Spraying from 31SiO2-11P2O5-(58-x) CaO- X MgO Powders
Authors: Monsalve M. , Ageorges H. , López E. , Vargas F. , Bolívar F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, bioactive glass powders were synthesized from four different types of oxides (SiO2, P2O5, CaO and MgO). These oxides were mixed, melted, milled and sieved to produce powders with two chemical compositions of the 31SiO2-11P2O5-(58-x)CaO-xMgO system. The powders were plasma sprayed onto AISI 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy substrates using a F4MB Sulzer Metco gun. The physical and mechanical properties of coatings, as well as their bioactivity were evaluated. The bioactivity tests were carried out exposing the surface of coatings to simulated body fluid (SBF) during 1, 9 and 15 days. The thickness and hardness of apatite layer produced on the surface of each coating during bioactivity tests were evaluated. The results indicate that the thickness of apatite layer formed during 15 days in SBF is between 31 and 51 µm and its hardness is between 1.5 and 1.9 GPa according to the chemical composition of feed stock powder used to manufacture the coatings. Additionally, the harness of bioglass coatings decreased around 26% after to expose them to SBF.
Development of Protective Coatings for A390 Alloy
Authors: Peter Ildiko , Castella Christian , Rosso Mario , Bendavid Avi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A390 alloy is a hypereutectic aluminum alloy with attractive mechanical properties at high temperature, good wear resistance and appropriate thermal properties making it challenging candidate material for automotive and aerospace applications. Currently, this alloy is widely used in automotive industry engine components production. In case of engine blocks, fatigue strength and wear resistance are the main cause of failure. Generally, the surface properties of aluminum alloys, in particular as hardness and wear resistance concerns, are insufficient to fulfill some requirements. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest toward the study and the development of innovative protective coatings suitable to enhance the wear resistance of such alloys. The goal of this paper is to develop appropriate protective coatings for A390 aluminum alloy enhancing its wear resistance. The study has been carried out to characterize the morphological, mechanical and wear resistance properties.
Erosion-Corrosion Interactional Effect of CeO2 Modified HVOF WC-Co Coating
Authors: Liu Yan , Chen Hui , Ceng Shengbo , Gou Guoqing , Wang Xiaomin , Tu Mingjing , Wu Xiangyang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rare earth has been widely used in materials manufacturing to improve hardness and toughness. In this paper, conventional, nanostructured and CeO2 modified WC-12Co powders were sprayed by using HVOF spraying technology. Erosion-corrosion behavior and interaction role of erosion and corrosion of the three coatings in 3.5wt% NaCl solution were investigated. In situ observation method was employed to analyze failure mechanism. The results showed that CeO2 modified WC-12Co coatings possessed the best erosion-corrosion resistance, which is the worst for the conventional WC-12Co coating. The addition of rare earth CeO2 into conventional WC-12Co coating can improve the erosion-corrosion behavior. Results suggested that the erosion-corrosion mechanism in the three coatings was dominated by corrosion-enhanced erosion. However, the extent of corrosion enhanced erosion was different.
Fe-Based Powder Alloys Deposited by HVOF and HVAF for Applications Exposed to Solid Particle Erosion
Authors: Dizdar Senad , Kumar Manish 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
HVOF and HVAF deposited coatings of three commercial Fe-based powder alloys have been ranked according to ASTM G76 solid particle erosion testing. The reference was electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) plating. The test results at 30 m/s abrasive particle velocity showed that 6AB powder alloy, when HVAF sprayed, Fe SP586 when both HVOF and HVAF sprayed meet the EHC plating reference erosion rate. 6AB HVOF sprayed and Fe SP529 both HVOF and HVAF sprayed powder alloys achieved two to three times higher erosion rate but were still at the same level of magnitude as the EHC plating reference.
Fireside Corrosion Performance of NiCr Coatings in Simulated Coal-Biomass Combustion Environment
Authors: Hussain Tanvir , Simms Nigel J. , Nicholls John R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Higher operating temperatures coupled with biomass-derived fuels can lead to aggressive corrosion damage to the superheater/reheater tubes in power plants. In this study, a HVOF sprayed NiCr coating was deposited onto a 9 % Cr substrate, which were exposed in simulated coal-biomass combustion gases with a screening deposit containing Na2SO4, K2SO4 and Fe2O3 at 700-750°C for 1000 h. The tests were carried out using the “deposit-recoat” test method and pre and post-exposure dimensional metrology was used to quantify the coating damage in terms of metal loss distributions. The exposed samples were also examined in a SEM/ EDX. The coatings developed a protective Cr2O3 layer at the coatings/ deposit interface and a Cr depleted zone was observed underneath the oxide layer. NiCr coating provided suitable corrosion protection with a median metal loss of ~35μm in 1000h.
Hybrid Co-Cr/W-WC and Ni-W-Cr-B/W-WC Coating Systems
Authors: Vernhes L. , Azzi M. , Bousser E. , Klemberg-Sapieha J.E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of two hybrid coating systems were assessed: 1) a tungsten–tungsten carbide (W-WC) top layer and a laser cladded cobalt– chromium (Co-Cr) interlayer (Stellite 6 superalloy) applied to a 316 stainless steel substrate; and 2) the same W-WC top layer and an HVOF spray-and-fused Ni-W-Cr-B interlayer (Colmonoy 88 superalloy) applied to an Inconel 718 substrate. X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the microstructure of the coating layers. Microindentation was used to measure surface hardness and the hardness profile of the coating systems. Rockwell indentation was used to assess coating adhesion according to CEN/TS 1071-8. Surface load-carrying capacity was also assessed by measuring micro- and macrohardness at high loads. Tribological properties were assessed with a linear reciprocating ball-on-flat sliding wear test, and corrosion resistance was measured by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. W-WC layers showed class I adhesion to both the SS 316 and Inconel 718 substrates, with and without an interlayer. Hardness profile measurements on cross section showed hardness of 13.6 GPa and 7.0 GPa for W-WC and Co-Cr, respectively, with average hardness of 9.7 GPa for Ni-W-Cr-B. Furthermore, hardness measurements at different high loads revealed that the addition of an interlayer increases surface hardness by up to 200% compared to the same coating system provided without an interlayer, quantifying the additional load-carrying capacity provided by the supplementary interlayer. The tribological measurements show that, except for the Inconel 718 / Ni-W-Cr-B / W-WC system, the hardest interlayer or substrate leads to the highest wear rates. In addition, the W-WC layer showed excellent corrosion protection, with no pitting observed after potentiodynamic polarization testing.
Mitigating Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Supercritical CO2 Environments Using HVOF Coatings
Authors: Paul S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the use of HVOF-sprayed corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) coatings to protect carbon steel in supercritical CO2-containing environments. 316L, Ti, alloy C- 276 and alloy 625 were sprayed onto carbon steel substrate using a JP-5000 HVOF system and tested in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution at 10 MPa in a mixture of 95% CO2 and 5% H2S at 40°C for 30 days. Microstructural characterization revealed that the coating protected the steel substrate from supercritical CO2/H2S corrosion. The bare steel formed a sulfide scale while no such scale was seen in the case of CRA-coated steel. It can be concluded that thermally sprayed CRA coatings provide a cost-effective corrosion mitigation method for infrastructure likely to be in contact with wet supercritical CO2/H2S. However, care must be taken to ensure that the thermally sprayed layer does not have any through-thickness porosity; else, such coatings may accelerate corrosion of the underlying steel due to galvanic interactions.
Navy Valve Actuator Repair Using Cold Spray
Authors: Widener C.A. , Carter M.J. , Hrabe R.H. , Hoiland B. , Stamey T.E. , Champagne V.K. , Eden T.J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold spray is a reduced temperature, supersonic thermal spray process that is increasingly being used to perform repairs on high value components. In this case, a valve actuator internal bore sealing surface was repaired on an aluminum 6061 hydraulic valve body using high pressure cold spray. Corrosion damage to non-critical surfaces was also repaired, allowing the part to be returned to service. The VRC Gen III high-pressure cold spray system was used to deposit gas atomized 6061 aluminum powder. The internal bore surfaces were approximately 100 mm in diameter with a depth of nearly 200 mm, and were sprayed using a 45-degree nozzle 65 mm in length. The minimum required adhesion strength on critical surfaces was 69 MPa. The average adhesion strength was 71.4 MPa, with glue failures on ASTM C633 bond test specimens.
Performance Characteristics of Strain Tolerant TBC
Authors: Sahoo Purush 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Degradation of hot section components in the turbine section of gas turbines used in the power generation industry can cause significant problems including financial penalties associated with down time and a decrease in operating efficiency. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been used effectively for the past two decades to mitigate such losses. The advent of dense and vertically macro-cracked TBCs has seen increasing use, although there is little published data as to its efficacy in performance vis-à-vis standard TBCs. This paper will present some mechanical and high temperature test data of such coatings. Effects of spray process and powders will be examined and discussed. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the experiences of a service provider in discussing various coatings options available to the user of the gas turbine.
Porosity Measurement of YSZ Ceramic Coating Deposited with Different Parameters Deposition by Different Methods of Characterization
Authors: Ferreira João Paulo Gabre , Vanat Karen Juliana , Lourençato Luciano Augusto , Pukasiewicz Anderson Geraldo Marenda , Capra André Ricardo , Hackbart Frederico , Moura Newton Reis de , Sérgio Paulo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ceramic coatings are applied in mechanical components subject to high temperature conditions, normally are deposited by plasma thermal spraying process. In this work, the porosity of YSZ ceramic coatings, deposited with different parameters conditions were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy using back-scatter electron (SEM-BSE) detector and ultrasonic technique. It was verified that porosity measurement by optical and scanning electron microscopy is very sensitive with respect to metallographic preparation, mainly cutting process, and gray level adjustment. SEM-BSE technique showed less scatter results with easier porosity visualization, compared with optical microscopy. The porosity of the coatings was also measured by ultrasonic technique. It was observed that the ultrasonic velocity increase with porosity reduction. Ultrasound technique showed a good correlation with OM and SEM porosity measurement.
The Microstructure Stability of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed MnCo2O4 Coating under Dual Atmosphere (H2/Air) Exposure
Authors: Hu Ying-Zhen , Li Cheng-Xin , Zhang Shan-Lin , Yang Guan-Jun , Luo Xiao-Tao , Li Chang-Jiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Based on the specific structure of tubular solid oxide fuel cell stacks, a good chemical, microstructural and phase stability for the protective coating are required in both the oxidizing and reducing environments. In this work, MnCO2O4 coatings of approximately 150 µm were deposited onto porous Ni50Cr50-Al2O3 substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) process. The coated samples were tested at 800°C with the coating exposed in air environment and the substrate in H2 environment. Reducing and pre-oxidizing treatments were performed prior to the stability test. Then the tested coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results elucidated that the tested coating had a high structural stability on the upper layer, while presented a reducing microstructure on the substrate side. The surface morphology of 100 hours tested coating indicated that the spinel granules still arranged closely with small particle size of ~ 250 nm and no obvious grain enlargement was observed. According to the cross-section, the upper layer kept stable and dense. While at the underneath region, the microstructure presented to be rather porous. However, the resistance presented a decreasing trend with the extension of exposure duration. After exposure for 95 h, the ASR decreased to 18.5 mΩ·cm2 although a substantial Cr diffusion from the substrate was detected.
The Possibility of Cold Spray Process Application to Obtain Electrically Conductive Coatings on Polymers
Authors: Małachowska A. , Pawłowski L. , Winnicki M. , Piasecki T. , Ambroziak A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The paper discusses a possibility of metallization of polymers using low pressure cold spray (Dymet 413). The bonding mechanism of the coating is discussed as well as the influence of the number of spraying passes on coating microstructure. Two commercial powder were used (i) tin; and (ii) aluminum to obtain coatings on PA6 polymer substrate. The substrate topography was modified with sandblasting. The adhesion strength, residual stresses, electrical resistivity, and microstructure were determined and characterized. Finally the comparison with other metallization methods was made and the application of cold spray for producing local conductive paths was assessed.
Tribological Behaviour of the Bare and Thermal Sprayed Hot Forming Tool Steels
Authors: Sharmaa Nipun , Kaurb Manpreet 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-temperature tribology plays an important role in many engineering applications such as metal forming operations and aerospace industry. Several problems in hot-metal forming of high strength steels occur such as oxidation of tool and workpiece surfaces, increased wear of tools and scaling of workpiece. Moreover, operations at elevated temperatures can significantly influence frictional behavior of tool steels. Present research attempts to analyze experimentally and understand tribological behavior of AISI H11 and AISI H13 under dry conditions at room temperatures. High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray NiCrBSi coating was developed on tool steels. The room-temperature wear performance of uncoated and coated tool steels was evaluated on pin-on-disc tribometer in the laboratory. In-depth analysis of exposed as-sprayed samples was examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS).
Failure Analysis of X-Ray Flat Detector for Medical Imaging
Authors: Béranger Murielle 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flat-panel X-ray detectors used in medical imaging applications present a challenge to failure analysts due to the scale of the products, the newness of the technology, and the relatively low production rates compared to ICs. This article explains how existing tools are being adapted to accommodate the size of these detectors and the exotic materials from which they are made. It discusses the types of defects that can occur and how they affect critical detector characteristics. It describes the basic approach for defect localization and physical analysis and presents examples of defects in different areas of a flat-panel X-ray detector.
Review of Defect Localization Techniques for DRAMs
Authors: Versen Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Failure analysis of dynamic random access memory follows a three-step process consisting of electrical test and diagnosis, localization, and physical defect analysis. The electrical test delivers pass-fail results that are graphically displayed in bitmaps, which are then used to localize defects based on layout data. This article describes each step of the process and compares and contrasts laser scanning techniques.
Powder-Bed Fusion
Authors: Pope Leon , Shidid Darpan , Fox Kate 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Powder-bed fusion (PBF) is a group of additive manufacturing (AM) processes that includes selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting. This article explains the processes and parameters of PBF systems that are used for biomedical applications. It also presents the desirable properties of biomedical devices and the advantages of using PBF systems for biomedical applications.
Material Aspects of Additively Manufactured Medical Devices
Authors: Long Ng Wei , Kai Chua Chee 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The article presents an in-depth discussion on the various additive manufacturing techniques such as binder jetting, directed-energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder-bed fusion, sheet lamination, and vat polymerization processes. This article then discusses the different critical material aspects of additively manufactured medical devices, beginning with the preprinting phase (material consistency and recycling), the printing phase (build orientation), and the postprinting phase (part evaluation, biocompatibility, and sterilization) with supporting materials.