bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of inflammatory cytokines in the chest tube drainage of post-operative superior cavopulmonary connection patients
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie A. , Yu Sunkyung , Lowery Ray , Halligan Nadine L. N. , Dahmer Mary K. , Rocchini Albert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Prolonged pleural effusions are common post Fontan operation and are associated with morbidity. Fontan pleural effusions have elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Little is known about the chest tube drainage after a superior cavopulmonary connection. We examined the chest tube drainage and the inflammatory profiles in post-operative superior cavopulmonary connection patients.Methods:This prospective cohort study enrolled 25 patients undergoing superior cavopulmonary connection and 10 age-similar controls. Data are also compared to 25 previously published Fontan patients and their 15 age-similar controls. Chest tube samples were analysed with a 17-cytokine BioPlex Assay. Descriptive statistics and univariate comparisons were made between groups.Results:Duration of chest tube drainage was significantly shorter in superior cavopulmonary connection patients (median 4 days, [interquartile range 3–5 days]) versus Fontan patients (10 days, [7–11 days], p < 0.0001). Cytokine concentrations were higher on post-operative day 1 in superior cavopulmonary connection patients versus Fontan patients (all p ≤ 0.01), however levels were comparable to age-similar controls. While proinflammatory IL 8, MIP-1β, and TNF-α concentrations increased in chest tube drainage of Fontan patients from post-operative day 1 to last chest tube day (all p < 0.0001), there was no change in these biomarkers in superior cavopulmonary connection patients, their controls, or Fontan controls.Conclusions:Our study demonstrates that after superior cavopulmonary connection, proinflammatory cytokines in the chest tube drainage remain similar to biventricular controls of both age groups, unlike the significant rise over time observed in Fontan patients. Inflammation within the chest tube drainage is likely not innate to single ventricle patients.
How the Guidelines for the Implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 contribute to better protection of cultural property
Authors: Hladík Jan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the contribution of the Guidelines for the Implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (the Guidelines) to better protection of cultural property in peacetime and in times of armed conflict. The first part of the article introduces the Guidelines within the context of the implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1999 Second Protocol) and the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, and provides examples of UNESCO's other standard-setting instruments such as the 1972 Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural or Natural Heritage, the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage and the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, as well as bodies providing for guidelines for these instruments. The second part underscores the most important advances of the Guidelines in the implementation of the 1999 Second Protocol. The third part focuses on the contribution of the Guidelines as subsequent practice in the application of the 1999 Second Protocol establishing the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation in the framework of Article 31(3)(b) of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Finally, the fourth part concludes by highlighting the main advantages of the Guidelines in providing better protection for cultural property.
Elevated Nitrogen Deposition to Fire‐Prone Forests Adjacent to Urban and Agricultural Areas, Colorado Front Range, USA
Authors: Heindel Ruth C. , Murphy Sheila F. , Repert Deborah A. , Wetherbee Gregory A. , Liethen Alexander E. , Clow David W. , Halamka Toby A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs humans increasingly dominate the nitrogen cycle, deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) will continue to have adverse consequences for ecosystems. In the Rocky Mountains, Nr deposition remains elevated and has become increasingly dominated by ammonium, despite efforts to reduce emissions. Currently, spatial models of Nr deposition do not fully account for urban and agricultural emissions, sources that contribute to the observed high rates of ammonium deposition in adjacent ecosystems. To address this gap in the Colorado Front Range, we measured Nr deposition along a transect from urban and agricultural plains to subalpine forests. We found elevated values of wet Nr deposition at the urban and foothill sites (4.7 and 4.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively), and lower values at the montane and subalpine sites (2.5–2.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Ammonium dominated wet and bulk Nr deposition, accounting for approximately 69% of bulk Nr deposition. Seasonally, bulk Nr deposition was highest in the spring months, when air masses from the plains are transported west into the mountains. Previous work has demonstrated that high elevations of the Colorado Front Range are especially sensitive to Nr deposition due to thin soil and minimal vegetation. Our results indicate that despite lower precipitation, the fire‐prone forested foothills receive even greater Nr deposition than higher elevations, due to proximity to urban and agricultural Nr sources. The interaction between elevated Nr deposition and wildfire in this region may pose a risk to water supplies and ecosystems, and is an important topic for future research.
Creep Rheology of Antigorite: Experiments at Subduction Zone Conditions
Authors: Burdette Eric , Hirth Greg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNovel fluid medium pressure cells were used to deform antigorite under constant stress creep conditions at low temperature, low strain rate (10−9 − 10−4 1/s), and high pressure (1 GPa) in a Griggs‐type apparatus. Antigorite cores were deformed at constant temperatures between 75°C and 550°C, by applying 8–12 stress‐strain steps per temperature. The microstructures of deformed samples share features documented in previous work (e.g., shear microcracks), and highlight the importance of basal shear and kinks to antigorite plasticity. Rheological data were fit with a low temperature plasticity law, consistent with a deformation mechanism involving large lattice resistance. When applied at geologic stresses and strain rates, the extrapolated viscosity agrees well with predictions based on subduction zone thermal models.
A Machine Learning Framework to Automate the Classification of Surge‐Type Glaciers in Svalbard
Authors: Bouchayer C. , Aiken J. M. , Thøgersen K. , Renard F. , Schuler T. V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSurge‐type glaciers are present in many cold environments in the world. These glaciers experience a dramatic increase in velocity over short time periods, the surge, followed by an extended period of slow movement, the quiescence. This study aims at understanding why only few glaciers exhibit a transient behavior. We develop a machine learning framework to classify surge‐type glaciers, based on their location, exposure, geometry, climatic mass balance and runoff. We apply this approach to the Svalbard archipelago, a region with a relatively homogeneous climate. We compare the performance of logistic regression, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) machine learning models that we apply to a newly combined database of glaciers in Svalbard. Based on the most accurate model, XGBoost, we compute surge probabilities along glacier centerlines and quantify the relative importance of several controlling features. Results show that the surface and bed slopes, ice thickness, glacier width, climatic mass balance, and runoff along glacier centerlines are the most significant features explaining surge probability for glaciers in Svalbard. A thicker and wider glacier with a low surface slope has a higher probability to be classified as surge‐type, which is in good agreement with the existing theories of surging. Finally, we build a probability map of surge‐type glaciers in Svalbard. The framework shows robustness on classifying surge‐type glaciers that were not previously classified as such in existing inventories but have been observed surging. Our methodology could be extended to classify surge‐type glaciers in other areas of the world.
Significant Ionospheric Hole and Equatorial Plasma Bubbles After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
Authors: Aa Ercha , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Erickson Philip J. , Vierinen Juha , Coster Anthea J. , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Spicher Andres , Rideout William 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the local and global ionospheric responses to the 2022 Tonga volcano eruption, using ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content (TEC), Swarm in situ plasma density measurements, the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) data, and ionosonde measurements. The main results are as follows: (a) A significant local ionospheric hole of more than 10 TECU depletion was observed near the epicenter ∼45 min after the eruption, comprising of several cascading TEC decreases and quasi‐periodic oscillations. Such a deep local plasma hole was also observed by space‐borne in situ measurements, with an estimated horizontal radius of 10–15° and persisted for more than 10 hr in ICON‐IVM ion density profiles until local sunrise. (b) Pronounced post‐volcanic evening equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were continuously observed across the wide Asia‐Oceania area after the arrival of volcano‐induced waves; these caused a Ne decrease of 2–3 orders of magnitude at Swarm/ICON altitude between 450 and 575 km, covered wide longitudinal ranges of more than 140°, and lasted around 12 hr. (c) Various acoustic‐gravity wave modes due to volcano eruption were observed by accurate Beidou geostationary orbit (GEO) TEC, and the huge ionospheric hole was mainly caused by intense shock‐acoustic impulses. TEC rate of change index revealed globally propagating ionospheric disturbances at a prevailing Lamb‐wave mode of ∼315 m/s; the large‐scale EPBs could be seeded by acoustic‐gravity resonance and coupling to less‐damped Lamb waves, under a favorable condition of volcano‐induced enhancement of dusktime plasma upward E×B drift and postsunset rise of the equatorial ionospheric F‐layer.
CHREBP suppresses gastric cancer progression via the cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Zhang Jing , Fu Zhongmao , Zhang Yuan , Luo Zai , Zhang Pengshan , Xu Yitian , Huang Chen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccumulating evidence has demonstrated that carbohydrate response element binding protein (CHREBP) has a crucial function in tumor pathology. In this study, we found CHREBP downregulation in gastric cancer (GC) tissues, and CHREBP was determined to be an independent diagnostic marker of GC. The downregulation of CHREBP promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, the level of cyclin D1 was significantly correlated with CHREBP expression in GC and paracancerous normal samples. In addition, CHREBP transcriptionally inhibited cyclin D1 expression in GC cells. Tumor suppressor activity of CHREBP could be affected by the upregulation of cyclin D1. In summary, CHREBP was found to be an independent diagnostic marker of GC and to influence GC growth and apoptosis via targeting the cyclin D1-Rb-E2F1 pathway.
The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the size of pure ductal carcinoma in situ: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roque Ricardo , Cordeiro Mariana Robalo , Armas Mónica , Caramelo Francisco , Caseiro-Alves Filipe , Figueiredo-Dias Margarida 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDuctal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a putative precursor of invasive breast cancer and MRI is considered the most sensitive imaging technique for its detection. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of MRI measuring the pure DCIS size, against pathology, to better understand the role of MRI in the management of this intraductal neoplasm.Potentially eligible studies in MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar, up to January 2021 were considered, and a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the published protocol (Prospero-CRD42021232228) was performed. Outcomes of mean differences and accuracy rates were analysed using IBM® SPSS® v26 and random-effect models in platform R v3.3.Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were selected and 15 proceeded to meta-analysis. MRI accurately predicted 55% of the tumours’ sizes and, according to Bland–Altman plots, concordance between MRI and pathology was greater for smaller tumours. In the meta-analysis, difference of the means between MRI and pathology was 3.85 mm (CI 95% [−0.92;8.60]) with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 96.7%). Subgroup analysis showed similar results for sizes between different MRI fields, temporal resolution, slice thickness and acquisition times, but lower heterogeneity in studies using 3-T MRI (I2 = 57.2%). Results were concordant with low risk of bias studies (2.46, CI 95% [0.57–4.36]), without heterogeneity (I2 = 0%).Therefore, MRI is shown to be an accurate method in pure DCIS size assessment. Once the best MRI protocol is established, evaluation of the impact of pure DCIS size in predicting treatment outcomes will contribute to clarifying current issues related to intraductal breast carcinoma.
High prevalence of somatic PIK3CA and TP53 pathogenic variants in the normal mammary gland tissue of sporadic breast cancer patients revealed by duplex sequencing
Authors: Kostecka Anna , Nowikiewicz Tomasz , Olszewski Paweł , Koczkowska Magdalena , Horbacz Monika , Heinzl Monika , Andreou Maria , Salazar Renato , Mair Theresa , Madanecki Piotr , Gucwa Magdalena , Davies Hanna , Skokowski Jarosław , Buckley Patrick G. , Pęksa Rafał , Śrutek Ewa , Szylberg Łukasz , Hartman Johan , Jankowski Michał , Zegarski Wojciech , Tiemann-Boege Irene , Dumanski Jan P. , Piotrowski Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mammary gland undergoes hormonally stimulated cycles of proliferation, lactation, and involution. We hypothesized that these factors increase the mutational burden in glandular tissue and may explain high cancer incidence rate in the general population, and recurrent disease. Hence, we investigated the DNA sequence variants in the normal mammary gland, tumor, and peripheral blood from 52 reportedly sporadic breast cancer patients. Targeted resequencing of 542 cancer-associated genes revealed subclonal somatic pathogenic variants of: PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, MAP3K1, CDH1, RB1, NCOR1, MED12, CBFB, TBX3, and TSHR in the normal mammary gland at considerable allelic frequencies (9 × 10−2– 5.2 × 10−1), indicating clonal expansion. Further evaluation of the frequently damaged PIK3CA and TP53 genes by ultra-sensitive duplex sequencing demonstrated a diversified picture of multiple low-level subclonal (in 10−2–10−4 alleles) hotspot pathogenic variants. Our results raise a question about the oncogenic potential in non-tumorous mammary gland tissue of breast-conserving surgery patients.
Methylome-wide analysis of IVF neonates that underwent embryo culture in different media revealed no significant differences
Authors: Koeck Rebekka M. , Busato Florence , Tost Jorg , Consten Dimitri , van Echten-Arends Jannie , Mastenbroek Sebastiaan , Wurth Yvonne , Remy Sylvie , Langie Sabine , Nawrot Tim S. , Plusquin Michelle , Alfano Rossella , Bijnens Esmée M. , Gielen Marij , van Golde Ron , Dumoulin John C. M. , Brunner Han , van Montfoort Aafke P. A. , Zamani Esteki Masoud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA growing number of children born are conceived through in vitro fertilisation (IVF), which has been linked to an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, as well as altered growth profiles and cardiometabolic differences in the resultant individuals. Some of these outcomes have also been shown to be influenced by the use of different IVF culture media and this effect is hypothesised to be mediated epigenetically, e.g. through the methylome. As such, we profiled the umbilical cord blood methylome of IVF neonates that underwent preimplantation embryo development in two different IVF culture media (G5 or HTF), using the Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip. We found no significant methylation differences between the two groups in terms of: (i) systematic differences at CpG sites or regions, (ii) imprinted sites/genes or birth weight-associated sites, (iii) stochastic differences presenting as DNA methylation outliers or differentially variable sites, and (iv) epigenetic gestational age acceleration.
A qualitative assessment of the pulmonary rehabilitation decision-making needs of patients living with COPD
Authors: Barradell A. C. , Bourne C. , Alkhathlan B. , Larkin M. , Singh S. J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is highly evidenced but underutilised in patients living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A menu of centre and home-based programmes is available to facilitate uptake but is not routinely offered. An appraisal of the current PR referral approach compared to a menu-based approach was warranted to explore the decision-making needs of patients living with COPD when considering a referral to PR. Face-to-face or telephone, semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients diagnosed with COPD and referred to PR and referring HCPs. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the enhanced critical incident technique. 14 HCPs and 11 patients were interviewed (n = 25). Interview data generated 276 critical incidents which informed 28 categories (30 sub-categories). Five high-level themes captured patients’ decision-making needs for PR: Understanding COPD, understanding PR, perceived ability to access PR, a desire to accept PR, and supporting the offer. A menu-based approach would further support patients’ PR decision-making, however, insufficient knowledge of the programmes would limit its perceived feasibility and acceptability. The development of shared decision making interventions (e.g., a patient decision aid) to elicit patient-centred, meaningful discussions about the menu is suggested.
A quantum router architecture for high-fidelity entanglement flows in quantum networks
Authors: Lee Yuan , Bersin Eric , Dahlberg Axel , Wehner Stephanie , Englund Dirk 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe past decade has seen tremendous progress in experimentally realizing the building blocks of quantum repeaters. Repeater architectures with multiplexed quantum memories have been proposed to increase entanglement distribution rates, but an open challenge is to maintain entanglement fidelity over long-distance links. Here, we address this with a quantum router architecture comprising many quantum memories connected in a photonic switchboard to broker entanglement flows across quantum networks. We compute the rate and fidelity of entanglement distribution under this architecture using an event-based simulator, finding that the router improves the entanglement fidelity as multiplexing depth increases without a significant drop in the entanglement distribution rate. Specifically, the router permits channel-loss-invariant fidelity, i.e. the same fidelity achievable with lossless links. Furthermore, this scheme automatically prioritizes entanglement flows across the full network without requiring global network information. The proposed architecture uses present-day photonic technology, opening a path to near-term deployable multi-node quantum networks.
Experimental quantum simulation of non-Hermitian dynamical topological states using stochastic Schrödinger equation
Authors: Lin Zidong , Zhang Lin , Long Xinyue , Fan Yu-ang , Li Yishan , Tang Kai , Li Jun , Nie XinFang , Xin Tao , Liu Xiong-Jun , Lu Dawei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNoise is ubiquitous in real quantum systems, leading to non-Hermitian quantum dynamics, and may affect the fundamental states of matter. Here we report in an experiment a quantum simulation of the two-dimensional non-Hermitian quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) model using the nuclear magnetic resonance processor. Unlike the usual experiments using auxiliary qubits, we develop a stochastic average approach based on the stochastic Schrödinger equation to realize the non-Hermitian dissipative quantum dynamics, which has advantages in saving the quantum simulation sources and simplifying the implementation of quantum gates. We demonstrate the stability of dynamical topology against weak noise and observe two types of dynamical topological transitions driven by strong noise. Moreover, a region where the emergent topology is always robust regardless of the noise strength is observed. Our work shows a feasible quantum simulation approach for dissipative quantum dynamics with stochastic Schrödinger equation and opens a route to investigate non-Hermitian dynamical topological physics.
Identification of stress-related genes by co-expression network analysis based on the improved turbot genome
Authors: Xu Xi-wen , Zheng Weiwei , Meng Zhen , Xu Wenteng , Liu Yingjie , Chen Songlin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTurbot (Scophthalmus maximus), commercially important flatfish species, is widely cultivated in Europe and China. With the continuous expansion of the intensive breeding scale, turbot is exposed to various stresses, which greatly impedes the healthy development of turbot industry. Here, we present an improved high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of turbot using a combination of PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing technologies. The genome assembly spans 538.22 Mb comprising 27 contigs with a contig N50 size of 25.76 Mb. Annotation of the genome assembly identified 104.45 Mb repetitive sequences, 22,442 protein-coding genes and 3,345 ncRNAs. Moreover, a total of 345 stress responsive candidate genes were identified by gene co-expression network analysis based on 14 published stress-related RNA-seq datasets consisting of 165 samples. Significantly improved genome assembly and stress-related candidate gene pool will provide valuable resources for further research on turbot functional genome and stress response mechanism, as well as theoretical support for the development of molecular breeding technology for resistant turbot varieties.
Effect of Rudbeckia laciniata invasion on soil seed banks of different types of meadow communities
Authors: Jędrzejczak Elżbieta , Klichowska Ewelina , Nobis Marcin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the last decades, biological invasions become the main driver of biodiversity loss. The changes can be noticed not only in the above-ground diversity but also in the underground, including seed banks of native vegetation. In this study, we focus onRudbeckia laciniata, a species introduced to many European and Asian countries, to characterize its soil seed bank as well as to answer the question, how the species influenced soil seed banks of meadow plant communities in two types of habitats (fresh and wet), where traditional mowing was abandoned. Within the habitats, we conducted our study on a three-step scale of invasion, from full invasion, through the transition zone to the control zone, where no invasion of the species has been observed so far. The majority of theR. laciniataseeds were located in the surface layer of soil. We detected, that 47% (in fresh meadow) and 56% (wet meadow) of recorded species occurred only in a soil seed bank, and were absent in aboveground vegetation. Emergence of native plants from the soil seed bank is low due to rapid shading of the soil surface byR. laciniataseedlings. However, a short-term seed bank of the species gives hope that returning to regular mowing brings the desired results in its the elimination from vegetation, in a fairly short time.