bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond environmental science: Climate action in Hindu religion and Sant Mat tradition
Authors: Saryal Rajnish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper explores Hindu religious concepts in their broadest form in general, and the philosophy and teachings ofRadha Soami Satsang Beas(a religious sect with its headquarters in Punjab, India) in particular, to access whether and in what ways the Indic spiritual value system is dovetailed with ecological ethics to make a case for climate action. Considering the influence of this sect in India and the size of its faith community, its role in propagating ecological ethics through the notion of karma, practice of vegetarianism, and service are examined here. The paper concludes that although the philosophical teachings ofRadha Soami Satsang Beaslike living a lighter life by practising vegetarianism and service do have great ecological values, the ethnographic account of theRadha Soami Satsang Beasshows that the devotees do not show any proclivity toward climate action due to the lack of direct teaching by theirguruon the subject and therefore do not establish any relation between philosophical underpinnings of the sect and ecological stewardship. Nevertheless, the ecological sensibilities of this community are more aligned with their spiritual goal and are reflected in their behaviour.
Optimization of the composition of a solid culture medium for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using factorial design and response surface methodology
Authors: Dane Hannah , Koidis Anastasios , Stewart Linda D. , Grant Irene R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim
To develop an optimized solid culture medium for improved growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP).

Methods and results
Seven medium constituents (factors) were assessed at various concentrations for their ability to positively affect MAP growth. The factors tested were Tween 80, egg yolk, casitone, taurocholic acid, Mycobactin J, agar and either OADC or ADC supplement. After an initial screening of individual factors, a fractional factorial design and a response surface methodology (RSM) central composite design were used to assess the effects of multiple factors simultaneously and design a new solid culture medium. MAP growth became visible on streak plates of the optimized solid medium 2 weeks earlier than on Herrold's egg yolk medium (HEYM).

Conclusions
MAP grew faster on the optimized solid medium than on HEYM. It consisted of Middlebrook 7H9 broth with 1.0% Tween 80, 0.019% casitone, 1.4% bacteriological agar, 10% egg yolk, 10% ADC and 1.65 μg ml−1 Mycobactin J.

Significance and impact of the study
This is the first study to use an RSM approach to optimize the composition of a solid medium for MAP culture. The new medium could improve MAP culture in future by reducing incubation times and increasing MAP colony numbers.
Genetically based atrial fibrillation: Current considerations for diagnosis and management
Authors: Pensa Anthony V. , Baman Jayson R. , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Wilcox Jane E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common atrial arrhythmia and is subcategorized into numerous clinical phenotypes. Given its heterogeneity, investigations into the genetic mechanisms underlying AF have been pursued in recent decades, with predominant analyses focusing on early onset or lone AF. Linkage analyses, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), and single gene analyses have led to the identification of rare and common genetic variants associated with AF risk. Significant overlap with genetic variants implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy syndromes, including truncating variants of the sarcomere protein titin, have been identified through these analyses, in addition to other genes associated with cardiac structure and function. Despite this, widespread utilization of genetic testing in AF remains hindered by the unclear impact of genetic risk identification on clinical outcomes and the high prevalence of variants of unknown significance (VUS). However, genetic testing is a reasonable option for patients with early onset AF and in those with significant family history of arrhythmia. While many knowledge gaps remain, emerging data support genotyping to inform selection of AF therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the complex genetic basis of AF and explore the overlap of AF with inherited cardiomyopathy syndromes. We propose a set of criteria for clinical genetic testing in AF patients and outline future steps for the integration of genetics into AF care.
Either you control social media or social media controls you: Understanding the impact of self‐control on excessive social media use from the dual‐system perspective
Authors: Zahrai Kseniia , Veer Ekant , Ballantine Paul William , de Vries Huibert Peter , Prayag Girish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDrawing on dual‐system theories, this study shows that excessive social media users demonstrate a psychological imbalance between the impulsive and reflective systems in their minds. We provide empirical evidence of an inconsistency between conscious attitudes and the actual behavior toward social media. The findings show that excessive users are driven more by their implicit attitudes rather than explicit beliefs in consuming social media. Although a high level of self‐control indicates healthy social media use, the findings suggest that self‐control has no significant influence on excessive users with a positive implicit attitude and high‐impulsive social media use. This duality of self‐control dispels beliefs about its ability to regulate excessive online behaviors. Therefore, this study (1) theorizes what constitutes excessive social media use, (2) outlines how implicit measurements are incorporated in consumer research, and (3) offers practical implications for managing unhealthy online behaviors.
Distribution of tubal endometriosis: A 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Zheng Fengque , Li Jingjing , Lin Jiajing , Chen Saiqiong , Qin Rongyan , Liao Xiaojie , Qin Aiping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the distribution of tubal endometriosis (EM) in the right and left sides and four parts of the fallopian tube.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted on patients with tubal EM at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from October 2011 to September 2021. Chi‐square and binomial tests were used for analysis.ResultsThirty‐four patients (53.97%) had tubal resection due to EM (EM group). Twenty‐nine patients (46.03%) had tubal resection due to non‐EM (non‐EM group). Thirty‐two patients (50.80%) had left fallopian tube EM, 21 (33.33%) had right fallopian tube EM, and 10 (15.87%) had bilateral fallopian tube EM, with significant differences among them (p = 0.000). In the EM group, 15 patients (44.12%) had left fallopian tube EM, 13 (38.23%) had right fallopian tube EM, and 6 (17.65%) had bilateral fallopian tube EM (p = 0.052). In the non‐EM group, statistically different (p = 0.001) diagnoses of left fallopian tube EM, right fallopian tube EM, and bilateral fallopian tube EM were 17 (58.62%), 8 (27.59%), and 4 (13.79%), respectively. In the EM group, 18 patients (52.94%) were in the ampullary region; 16 (47.06%) were in the nonampullary region (p = 0.864). In the non‐EM group, 22 cases (75.86%) were in the ampullary region and 7 (24.14%) were in the nonampullary region, with a significant difference between them (p = 0.008).ConclusionsThe incidence of left fallopian tube EM was higher than that of right and bilateral fallopian tube EM. The incidence of tubal ampullary EM was higher than that of nonampullary region.
Concussion Education in the School Setting: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mallory Kylie D. , Saly Lauren , Hickling Andrea , Colquhoun Heather , Kroshus Emily , Reed Nick 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDConcussions are a prevalent injury among youth, and concussion education has the potential to promote positive concussion‐related behaviors. Recent recommendations and legislation have increased concussion education provided in schools; however, little is known about the education context, delivery method, development, and evaluation. A scoping review was conducted to identify peer‐reviewed literature on concussion education delivered in the school setting.METHODSSix databases were searched (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and ERIC) to identify published articles from 2002 to July 16, 2020 that delivered concussion education in the school setting. Included studies described the concussion education and were written in English.RESULTSA total of 11,373 articles were identified and screened, with 27 studies meeting eligibility criteria and therefore, included. The studies delivered education to various stakeholders including students (n = 12; 44.4%), coaches (n = 5; 18.5%), educators (n = 3; 11.1%), parents (n = 1; 3.7%), and a mixed audience (n = 6; 22.2%). The education format varied and six studies (22.2%) developed the education based on a theory, model, or framework.CONCLUSIONSThis study found substantial variability in the context, delivery method, development, and evaluation of education delivered in schools and further evaluation of this education is needed to ensure it is best‐suited for school‐based stakeholders.
Medical education for African American communities in the rural South: A focus group approach to identify fundamental considerations
Authors: Wheat John R. , Gardner Antonio J. , Downey Laura H. , Cox Melissa S. , Johnson Gwendolyn J. , Guin Susan M. , Leeper James D. , Moore Cynthia E. , Brandon John E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPurposeWe sought to understand concerns fundamental to planning medical education specific to rural southern African Americans who are virtually nonexistent in American medical schools.MethodsA diverse multidisciplinary research team conducted this qualitative study with 3 focus groups, including 17 rural medical educators recruited nationwide, 10 African American alumni of a rural medical education pipeline in Alabama, and 5 community and institutional associates of this pipeline. Analysis of recorded transcripts generated themes fitting an ecological model suggesting concerns and intervention foci at individual, community, and institutional levels.FindingsThree major themes operating at all ecological levels were: (1) How “rural minority student” is defined, with “rural” often supplanting race to indicate minority status; (2) Multiple factors relate to rural racial minority student recruitment and success, including personal relationships with peers, mentors, and role models and supportive institutional policies and culturally competent faculty; and (3) Challenges to recruitment and retention of rural minority students, especially financial concerns and preparation for medical education.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that individuals, communities, and institutions provide intervention points for planning medical education specific to southern rural African Americans. These spheres of influence project a need for partnership among communities and rural medical educators to affect broad programmatic and policy changes that address the dire shortage of rural African American health professionals to help ameliorate health inequities experienced in their home communities. It is likely that linear thinking and programming will be replaced by integrated, intertwined conceptualizations to reach this goal.
Economic freedom vs. egalitarianism: An empirical test of weak & strong sustainability, 1970–2017
Authors: de Soysa Indra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany argue that free markets drive climate change and harm environmental sustainability. They suggest that democratic controls over profligate capital and unregulated markets better secure economic wellbeing and environmental objectives. Eco‐modernists, contrarily, argue that economic freedoms generate entrepreneurial technological change for reducing poverty and increasing environmental quality since people's demands for cleaner consumption are likely to be met by markets, and free markets are less likely to be affected by rent‐seeking. Moreover, democratic publics also demand higher consumption and the protection of jobs in dirty industry, which would work against environmental causes. This study contrasts the effects of economic freedom and egalitarian democracy on environmental sustainability and atmospheric pollution, assessed as both weak and strong sustainability. The results show that economies that are friendlier to free markets increase physical capital (wealth) with lower damage to total environmental sustainability, measured as depletion of physical, human, and natural capital, including atmospheric pollution. Egalitarian democracy consistently reduces economic sustainability and increases atmospheric pollution. There is some evidence for an inverted‐U shape relationship between egalitarianism and CO2 emissions independently of economic freedom and the level of development. The results are robust to a battery of testing procedures, alternative models and data, different sample sizes, a barrage of relevant diagnostic tests of robustness, and potential endogeneity.
A novel score predicts mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: MOTS ‐ Modified TIPS Score
Authors: Fürschuß Luisa , Rainer Florian , Effenberger Maria , Niederreiter Markus , Portugaller Rupert H. , Horvath Angela , Fickert Peter , Stadlbauer Vanessa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and aimsThe high risk for severe shunting‐related post‐interventional complications demands a stringent selection of candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). We aimed to develop a simple and reliable tool to accurately predict early post‐TIPS mortality.Methods144 cases of TIPS implantation were retrospectively analysed. Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors predicting mortality within 90 days after TIPS, a score integrating urea, international normalized ratio (INR) and bilirubin was developed. The Modified TIPS‐Score (MOTS) ranges from 0 to 3 points: INR >1.6, urea >71 mg/dl and bilirubin >2.2 mg/dl account for one point each. Additionally, MOTS was tested in an external validation cohort (n = 187) and its performance was compared to existing models.ResultsModified TIPS‐Score achieved a significant prognostic discrimination reflected by 90‐day mortality of 8% in patients with MOTS 0–1 and 60% in patients with MOTS 2–3 (p < .001). Predictive performance (area under the curve) of MOTS was accurate (c = 0.845 [0.73–0.96], p < .001), also in patients with renal insufficiency (c = 0.830 [0.64–1.00], p = .02) and in patients with refractory ascites (c = 0.949 [0.88–1.00], p < .001), which are subgroups with particular room for improvement of post‐TIPS mortality prediction. The results were reproducible in the validation cohort.ConclusionsModified TIPS‐Score is a novel, practicable tool to predict post‐TIPS mortality, that can significantly simplify clinical decision making. Its practical applicability should be further investigated.
Acceptability of 11 fortified balanced energy‐protein supplements for pregnant women in Nepal
Authors: Lama Tsering P. , Khatry Subarna K. , Isanaka Sheila , Moore Katie , Jones Leslie , Bedford Juliet , Katz Joanne , de Pee Saskia , LeClerq Steven C. , Tielsch James M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests that multiple micronutrient and balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation during pregnancy can decrease the risk of stillbirth and small‐for‐gestational‐age births and increase birth weight. We conducted a mixed‐methods formative research study to identify the most acceptable among a range of 11 candidates fortified BEP supplements for use in pregnancy and lactation in a rural district in Nepal. Forty pregnant women aged 15–40 years participated in a test meal tasting of 11 different sweet and savoury candidate BEP supplements. Each participant rated the products on organoleptic properties using a 7‐point hedonic scale (1 = Dislike it very much to 7 = Like it very much), ranked her ‘top 3’ most liked supplements, and subsequently discussed each product with peers in focus group discussions (FGDs). Five supplements (sweet lipid‐based nutrient supplement (LNS), savoury LNS, sweet vanilla biscuits, vanilla instant drinks and seasoned pillows) achieved the maximum overall median hedonic score of 7, with sweet LNS and seasoned pillows ranking as the top 2. This was consistent with the assessments in FGDs. Women in the FGDs expressed dislike of the smell and taste of the cocoa drink, savoury masala bar, sweet mango bar and savoury curry biscuit, which was consistent with the hedonic scale scores. This study provides valuable insights into our understanding of women's acceptance of different BEP supplements during pregnancy in rural Nepal and has helped identify the two most accepted BEP supplements to be used in a two‐month home trial to assess utilisation and compliance in this setting.
Evolutionary and ecological drivers of local adaptation and speciation in a North American avian species complex
Authors: Brown Joshua I. , Harrigan Ryan J. , Lavretsky Philip 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThroughout the speciation process, genomic divergence can be differentially impacted by selective pressures, as well as gene flow and genetic drift. Disentangling the effects of these evolutionary mechanisms remains challenging, especially for nonmodel organisms. Accounting for complex evolutionary histories and contemporary population structure often requires sufficient sample sizes, for which the expense of full genomes remains prohibitive. Here, we demonstrate the utility of partial‐genome sequence data for range‐wide samples to shed light into the divergence process of two closely related ducks, the Mexican duck (Anas diazi) and mallard (A. platyrhynchos). We determine the role of selective and neutral processes during speciation of Mexican ducks by integrating evolutionary and demographic modelling with genotype–environment and genotype–phenotype association testing. First, evolutionary models and demographic analyses support the hypothesis that Mexican ducks originally diverged ~300,000 years ago in climate refugia arising during a glacial period in southwest North America, and that subsequent environmental selective pressures played a key role in divergence. Mexican ducks then showed cyclical demographic patterns that probably reflected repeated range expansions and contractions, along with bouts of gene flow with mallards during glacial cycles. Finally, we provide evidence that sexual selection acted on several phenotypic traits as a co‐evolutionary process, facilitating the development of reproductive barriers that initially arose due to strong ecological selection. More broadly, this work reveals that the genomic and phenotypic patterns observed across species complexes are the result of myriad factors that contribute in dynamic ways to the evolutionary trajectories of a lineage.
“TWO IN ONE”: Transnational Inheritance and the Remaking of the Sinasite Houses as Shared Heritage Monuments
Authors: Stuckey Leigh 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This article examines debates between Greeks and Turks about how to preserve the architectural heritage left behind by the Greek Orthodox population exiled from Sinasos in the 1923 Greek‐Turkish Compulsory Population Exchange. The restoration of Sinasos as a kind of residential and commercial open‐air museum, through the transformation of ancestral homes into hotels, engendered new cooperative and competitive relationships between Greeks and Turks with legitimate claims to the site. Greeks and Turks are typically portrayed as antagonistic, but understanding the historic properties as a form of inheritance much like the estates fundamental to “house societies” described by Claude Lévi‐Strauss reveals a transnational community with shared concerns around memory, heritage preservation, transnational identity formation, and touristic enterprise. [heritage, inheritance, house, memory, Turkey]
Meta‐signature guided investigation of miRNA candidates as potential biomarkers of oral cancer
Authors: Stojkovic Goran , Jovanovic Ivan , Dimitrijevic Milovan , Jovanovic Jasmina , Tomanovic Nada , Stankovic Aleksandra , Arsovic Nenad , Boricic Ivan , Zeljic Katarina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to experimentally validate dysregulated expression of miRNA candidates selected through updated meta‐analysis of most commonly deregulated miRNAs in oral cancer and to explore their diagnostic and prognostic potential.Materials and methodsFive miRNAs (miR‐31‐3p, miR‐135b‐5p, miR‐18a‐5p, miR‐30a‐5p and miR‐139‐5p) from updated meta‐signature were selected for validation by qRT‐PCR method in 35 oral cancer clinical specimens and adjacent non‐cancerous tissue.ResultsUpdated meta‐analysis has identified 13 most commonly deregulated miRNAs in oral cancer. Seven miRNAs were consistently up‐regulated (miR‐21‐5p, miR‐31‐3p, miR‐135b‐5p, miR‐31‐5p, miR‐424‐5p, miR‐18a‐5p and miR‐21‐3p), while five were down‐regulated (miR‐139‐5p, miR‐30a‐3p, miR‐375‐3p, miR‐376c‐3p and miR‐30a‐5p). Increased expression of miR‐31‐3p and miR‐135b‐5p, and decreased expression of miR‐139‐5p and miR‐30a‐5p were confirmed in oral cancer compared to adjacent non‐cancerous tissue. A three miRNAs combination (miR‐31‐3p, miR‐139‐5p and miR‐30a‐5p) gave the most promising diagnostic potential for discriminating oral cancer from non‐cancerous tissue (AUC: 0.780 [95% CI: 0.673–0.886], p < 0.0005, sensitivity 94.3%, specificity 51.4%). High expression of miR‐135b‐5p, miR‐18a‐5p and miR‐30a‐5p was associated with poor survival (p = 0.003, p = 0.048, p = 0.016 respectively).ConclusionmiR‐31‐3p, miR‐139‐5p and miR‐30a‐5p panel was confirmed as a potential diagnostic biomarker when distinguishing oral cancer from non‐cancerous tissue. miR‐135b‐5p, miR‐18a‐5p and miR‐30a‐5p might serve as potential biomarkers of poor survival of oral cancer patients.
In vivo analysis of ciliary muscle in myopic Chinese young adults using ArcScan Insight® 100
Authors: Zhang Xiuyan , Wu Qiuxin , Wen Tiancai , Zhao Haiqiang , Tian Qingmei , Xu Jing , Tang Guodong , Li Runkuan , Guo Xiaoxiao , Song Jike , Bi Hongsheng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the morphological characteristics of the ciliary muscle (CM) and to explore its relationship with different ocular biometric parameters in myopic young Chinese adults.MethodsThis observational, cross‐sectional study included 50 right eyes from 50 myopic adults. The CM area (CMA), CM thickness (CMT) and CM length (CML) were measured using the ArcScan Insight® 100. CMT was determined at three points: 1.0 mm (CMT‐1), 2.0 mm (CMT‐2) and 3.0 mm (CMT‐3) posterior to the scleral spur. CML was measured on the scleral (CMLs) and vitreous (CMLv) aspects. The spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were examined to determine their associations with CM parameters (CMA, CML and CMT).ResultsThe mean SER and AL were −4.39 ± 2.29 D and 25.61 ± 1.15 mm, respectively. Compared with the nasal CMA, CML and CMT (CMT‐1, CMT‐2 and CMT‐3) findings, the temporal CM parameters (CMA, CMLs, CMLv, CMT‐1, CMT‐2 and CMT‐3) were found to be significantly thicker (all p < 0.001, except CMLv and CMT‐1; p < 0.01). The nasal CMA was associated with the average corneal curvature (r = 0.30, p = 0.03) and SER (r = −0.30, p = 0.04). Nasal and temporal CMT‐2 were negatively correlated with SER (r = −0.33 and −0.32, respectively, both p < 0.05). There was no correlation between CM parameters (except nasal CMLs, r = 0.31, p = 0.03) and SFCT, or between CM parameters and either the AL or anterior chamber depth (all p > 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that there is temporal versus nasal asymmetry of the CM. CMA, CMT or CML did not vary with axial growth of the eye. The CM is not simply stretched as the eye elongates in myopic young adults.