bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclization Strategies Using Imide Derivatives for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Quevedo‐Acosta Yovanny , Jurberg Igor D. , Gamba‐Sánchez Diego 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCyclization strategies employing imides and their derivatives have attracted the attention of several organic chemists interested in synthesizing polycyclic alkaloids. Numerous strategies have been developed, mostly focused on i) the use of masked iminium ions, ii) addition of weak nucleophiles onto the carbonyl group of the imide being activated by a Lewis or Brønsted acid, iii) addition of strong nucleophiles onto the imide carbonyl, iv) radical‐based processes and v) miscellaneous methods. This review is not comprehensive. It aims to provide the reader with a selection of representative synthetic strategies available in the area up to date.
Rapid Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Milk with Non‐enzymatic Amperometric Sensor Based on Porous Gold Modified Screen‐printed Electrode in Online Dialysis System
Authors: Maksuk Chakkarin , Tinala Chonnatee , Somboot Wasin , Jakmunee Jaroon , Marken Frank , Kanyanee Tinakorn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA rapid method for determination of hydrogen peroxide based on a non‐enzymatic amperometric sensor with an online dialysis unit was developed for analysis of sample with complicated matrices. A porous gold modified gold screen‐printed electrode was prepared by a simple method using 9 V‐battery electrodeposition. Based on data from amperometry, a linear dynamic range can be obtained in the range of 10 to 1000 μmol L−1, with a limit of detection of 0.37 μmol L−1. The proposed system was successfully applied to determine H2O2 in various milk samples with rapid analysis, high electrode stability, and excellent repeatability (1.95 % RSD with 100 replications).
Reconstruction of past human land use from pollen data and anthropogenic land cover changes
Authors: Pirzamanbein Behnaz , Lindström Johan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurate maps of past land cover and human land use are necessary for studying the impact of anthropogenic land‐cover changes, such as deforestation, on the climate. The maps of past land cover should ideally be separated into naturally occurring vegetation and human‐induced changes, thereby enabling the quantification of the effect of human land use on the past climate. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that combines fossil pollen‐based reconstructions of actual land cover with estimates of past human land use. The model interpolates the fractions of unforested land as well as coniferous and broadleaved forest from the pollen data, and uses the human land‐use estimates to decompose the unforested land into natural vegetation and human deforestation. This results in maps of both natural and human‐induced vegetation, which can be used by climate modelers to quantify the influence of deforestation on the past climate. The model was applied to five time periods from 1900 CE to 4000 BCE over Europe. The model uses a latent Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) for the interpolation and Markov chain Monte Carlo for the estimation. The sparse precision matrix of the GMRF, together with an adaptive Metropolis‐adjusted Langevin step, allows for rapid inference.
Performance enhancement of a solar still using magnetic powder as an energy storage medium‐exergy and environmental analysis
Authors: Dhivagar Ramasamy , Shoeibi Shahin , Kargarsharifabad Hadi , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Sharifpur Mohsen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of different energy storage materials can have a high effect on the water productivity of solar desalination. This study evaluates the impact of magnetic powders on modified solar still (MPSS) performance and compares the results with conventional solar still (CSS). Black iron oxide magnetic powder was selected to increase solar radiation absorption. The black iron magnetic powder simultaneously acts as a thermal storage material and a porous absorber medium. The thermal energy stored in the magnetic powder improved the performance of the MPSS during peak solar irradiation hours, resulting in higher productivity. The results showed that the thermal performance of MPSS was higher than CSS. The MPSS exhibited a 39.8% higher evaporative and 14.5% higher convective heat transfer rate compared with CSS. Results showed that the cumulative water productivity of MPSS was 31.2% greater than CSS. Also, the energy and exergy efficiencies of MPSS were improved by 18.9% and 19.04%, respectively, compared with CSS. Moreover, the predicted payback period in MPSS and CSS were 3.2 and 4.3 months. Additionally, the CO2 reduction of MPSS was improved by approximately 45.53% compared with that of CSS. The results also showed that the exergoeconomic parameter of MPSS and CSS with energy base was equal to 33.1 and 24.56 kWh/$, respectively.
Generations
Authors: Ghosh Sahana , Sehdev Megha Sharma 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe notion of generations runs through feminist theory, rendering it singular and disciplining its proper subjects—but might there be modes of generational thought that explode the bounds of linearity and propriety, offering ways to think of kinship and generativity amid and despite conditions of violence? Drawing on ethnography situated in South Asia, and the gendered insights that emerge from it, we reflect on feminist knowledge as a site of kinship that complicates any simple picture of inheritance and lineage. Affiliations of thought, practice, and relating might be characterized instead by a range of gendered practices which are constituted by, and draw attention to, modes and processes such as gathering and dispersal; impasse and reconnection; and recognition and uncertainty.
Ballistocardiogram suppression in concurrent EEG‐MRI by dynamic modeling of heartbeats
Authors: Lee Hsin‐Ju , Graham Simon J. , Kuo Wen‐Jui , Lin Fa‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ballistocardiogram (BCG), the induced electric potentials by the head motion originating from heartbeats, is a prominent source of noise in electroencephalography (EEG) data during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although methods have been proposed to suppress the BCG artifact, more work considering the variability of cardiac cycles and head motion across time and subjects is needed to provide highly robust correction. Here, a method called “dynamic modeling of heartbeats” (DMH) is proposed to reduce BCG artifacts in EEG data recorded inside an MRI system. The DMH method models BCG artifacts by combining EEG points at time instants with similar dynamics. The modeled BCG artifact is then subtracted from the EEG recording to suppress the BCG artifact. Performance of DMH was tested and specifically compared with the Optimal Basis Set (OBS) method on EEG data recorded inside a 3T MRI system with either no MRI acquisition (Inside‐MRI), echo‐planar imaging (EPI‐EEG), or fast MRI acquisition using simultaneous multi‐slice and inverse imaging methods (SMS‐InI‐EEG). In a steady‐state visual evoked response (SSVEP) paradigm, the 15‐Hz oscillatory neuronal activity at the visual cortex after DMH processing was about 130% of that achieved by OBS processing for Inside‐MRI, SMS‐InI‐EEG, and EPI‐EEG conditions. The DMH method is computationally efficient for suppressing BCG artifacts and in the future may help to improve the quality of EEG data recorded in high‐field MRI systems for neuroscientific and clinical applications.
Foreign exchange market asymmetries in Pacific small island developing states: Evidence from Fiji
Authors: Jain Devendra Kumar , Singh Rup , Patel Arvind , Chand Ronal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAfter abandoning Bretton Wood, the foreign exchange market has been dominated by three types of economies: export‐oriented economies (China and other Asian countries), commodity economies (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and oil exporting nations) and reserve‐currency economies (US, EU, UK, and Swiss). As a result, the asymmetric development of the foreign exchange market has reduced the monetary and fiscal space for PSIDS, which face structural challenges such as a low population base, import dependence, aid dependency, climate risk, and political uncertainty. The ‘Exchange Market Pressure Index’ (EMPI) for Fiji is developed in this article to quantify the pressure on the exchange rate and monetary authorities' responses to micromanaging balance sheet impacts. The calculated EMPI accurately reflects four instances of financial distress in Fiji, including significant exchange market pressure in response to growing trade deficits and external debt, the global financial crisis's contagion effect, and political uncertainty. Our EMP Index's robustness is attributed in part to the employment of a dynamic time series estimate method, a time‐varying weighing scheme, and a high‐frequency monthly dataset.
Placental pathology and neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Fox Aine , Doyle Emma , Geary Michael , Hayes Breda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, there remain gaps in our knowledge about its pathogenesis. The placenta has been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease but conclusive evidence related to the placental factors that influence it is sparse. This review aims to outline the current knowledge on the role of the placenta with particular attention to its role in NE as a consequence of hypoxia‐ischemia. A total of 26 original articles/review papers were used to compile this review. Three themes were identified from these publications: fetal vascular malperfusion including umbilical cord pathology, inflammatory changes in the placenta, and maternal vascular malperfusion including placental weight. These features were identified as being significant in the development of NE. Advancing our understanding of this relationship between placental pathology and NE may facilitate the development of additional antenatal screening to better identify at‐risk fetuses. We highlight areas for further research through antenatal screening and placental histology.
Longitudinal associations between parent degree/occupation, parent support, and adolescent motivational beliefs in STEM
Authors: Hsieh Ta‐Yang , Simpkins Sandra D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe United States struggles with racial/ethnic disparities in STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) degrees and occupations. According to situated expectancy‐value theory, the experience and knowledge parents gain through STEM degrees and occupations shape the STEM support they provide and relatedly their adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs.MethodsWe analyzed data from the High School Longitudinal Study (N = 14,000; 50% female; Mage = 14 years old at 9th grade), which is a recent U.S. data set that surveyed a nationally representative sample of adolescents.Results and ConclusionsResults showed that parent STEM support in 9th grade and adolescent STEM motivational beliefs in 11th grade were lower in families where parents did not have a STEM degree/occupation than in families where at least one parent had a STEM degree/occupation. Our within‐group analyses suggested that parents' STEM support was generally positively related to adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs among families where parents did not have a STEM degree/occupation for all racial/ethnic groups except Black adolescents. However, these relations were not significant among adolescents who had a parent STEM degree/occupation. Furthermore, although Asian and White adolescents' parents were more likely to hold a STEM degree/occupation than Latina/o and Black adolescents' parents, the associations between parent STEM support and adolescents' STEM motivational beliefs emerged for Asian, Latina/o, and White adolescents.
Identification of several senescence‐associated genes signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhou Chong‐Chang , Sun Hong‐Cun , Li Qun , Hu Jian‐Dao , Jiang Tao , Zhou Shao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs one of the core aging processes, cellular senescence is associated with tumorigenesis, growth, and immune modulation in cancers. Nevertheless, the prognosis of senescence‐associated genes (SAGs) signature in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains to be further evaluated.MethodsThe transcriptome and corresponding clinical datasets of SAGs in patients with HNSCC were downloaded from public databases. A new prognostic SAGs signature was established with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator discussion. Patients with HNSCC were fallen into two risk groups based on each sample's risk mark and the cutoff point. The survival analysis was extended to determine the predictive accuracy of the SAGs signature. Furthermore, the evaluation of SAGs signature was made according to clinicopathological characteristics, survival state, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and efficacy of immunotherapy.Results41 SAGs were recognized and adopted to establish the forecast signature. The survival analysis indicated that patients with HNSCC in the high‐senescent score group had significantly reduced overall survival compared with those in the low‐senescent score group. It was certified that the risk score of SAGs signature was a separate predicting agent for HNSCC applying Cox regression analysis. According to functional analysis, some immune‐associated pathways were increased in the low‐senescent score group significantly. High‐senescent score group was correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics, given less the infiltration of inflammatory cells state and worse immunotherapeutic effect.ConclusionA new SAG signature predicting result and response to immunotherapy of HNSCC was identified. Cellular senescence may be a hidden target for HNSCC.
Predictive value of the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio in intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes
Authors: Alsamani Rasha , Limin Zhang , Jianwei Wu , Dan Wang , Yuehong Sun , Ziwei Liu , Huiwen Xu , Dongzhi Wang , Yijun Shi , Lingye Qian , Xingquan Zhao , Guojun Zhang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) ratio is a key indicator in predicting future cardiovascular outcomes. However, it is still unclear whether the ratio of apoB/apoA1 is a better predictor of the outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, we aimed to assess the relationships between the ratio of apoB/apoA1 and functional outcomes, all‐cause mortality, and stroke recurrence in ICH patients.MethodsTwo hundred and sixteen Chinese ICH patients participated in this study from December 2018 to December 2019. Laboratory routine tests including hematology analysis, coagulation tests, and lipid levels were examined. The clinical outcomes included functional outcomes evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS), all‐cause death, and stroke recurrence 1 year after discharge. Associations between the apoB/apoA1 ratio and the outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Based on multivariate analysis, we constructed a nomogram. Univariate survival analysis was performed by the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. All the patients were classified into two groups by the median value of the apoB/apoA1 ratio: B1 < 0.8 and B2 ≥ 0.8.ResultsOf the 216 patients, 107 had an apoB/apoA1 ratio ≥ 0.8. Eighty‐five patients had poor functional outcomes (mRS ≥ 3), and 32 patients had severe functional outcomes (mRS ≥ 4). During the 1‐year follow‐up, a total of 18 patients died, and 13 patients had apoB/apoA1 ratio levels ≥0.8 during the 1‐year follow‐up period. Moreover, 16 recurrent strokes were recorded. Adjustments for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, lipid levels, and hematoma site and volume showed that a high apoB/apoA1 ratio was significantly related to adverse functional outcomes and all‐cause mortality. The ORs for B2 versus B1 were 3.76 (95% CI: 1.37 to 10.40, p = 0.010), 22.74 (95% CI: 1.08 to 474.65, p = 0.044), and 7.23 (95% CI: 1.28 to 40.88, p = 0.025) for poor functional outcomes with mRS ≥ 3, mRS ≥ 4, and all‐cause mortality, respectively.ConclusionAn increased apoB/apoA1 ratio at admission was independently related to poor functional outcome and all‐cause mortality in ICH patients at the 1‐year follow‐up.
Effects of sugar cane extract on steroidogenesis in testicular interstitial cells of male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Pu Shaoxia , Kobayashi Shohei , Mizu Masami , Furuta Toma , Nagaoka Kentaro , Gore Andrea C. , Crews David , Watanabe Gen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSugar cane extract (SCE) is the end product of glucose, fructose, and sucrose elimination in molasses. SCE has various biological effects, such as anti‐inflammation and antioxidation, and it is commonly found in animal feed. The present research is aimed at investigating the reproductive endocrine influence of SCE in male Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) by feeding SCE containing food. In addition, in vitro Leydig cell culture was conducted to clarify the mechanism of SCE's influence. Our results showed that SCE feed extended the latency to the first neck grab, decreased male quail testis and epididymis weights, cloaca gland size, and reduced serum testosterone concentrations. Steroidogenic enzymes 3βHSD, 17βHSD, P450c17, and P450scc gene expression in the testis were decreased in the SCE groups. Western blot analysis showed decreased 3βHSD in the testis after feeding SCE. Isolated testicular interstitial cells cultured with SCE and ovine‐LH suppressed testosterone secretion and 3βHSD gene expression. In conclusion, SCE as a feed additive has an impact on the sexual behavior and reproductive function of male Japanese quail, with the suppression of steroidogenesis in the Leydig cell. Our results may provide beneficial information to the livestock management and the poultry industry.
Oncoviruses and melanomas: A retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Ciccarese Giulia , Drago Francesco , Broccolo Francesco , Pastorino Angela , Pizzatti Laura , Atzori Laura , Pilloni Luca , Santinelli Davide , Urbani Alice , Parodi Aurora , Tomasini Carlo , Rongioletti Franco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe role of human oncoviruses in melanoma has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oncoviruses and melanomas searching for human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 8DNA in melanoma specimens. Formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of cutaneous, mucosal, and ocular melanomas (OM) were selected from the Pathology Departments of the Galliera Hospital (Genoa) and the University Hospitals of Turin and Cagliari. Cutaneous and mucosal nevi have been collected as controls. The oncoviruses search has been performed with different polymerase chain reaction reagent kits. Fifty‐four melanomas (25 mucosal, 12 ocular, and 17 cutaneous) and 26 nevi (15 cutaneous and 11 mucosal) specimens were selected. The detection rate for one of the investigated oncoviruses was 17% in mucosal, 20% in ocular, and 0% in cutaneous melanomas (CMs). Despite the differences between groups seeming remarkable, there was no statistical significance (p > 0.5). Our data do not support a primary role of oncoviruses in melanoma carcinogenesis; however, the finding of HPV and EBV DNA in a considerable fraction of mucosal and OMs suggests that these viruses may act as cofactors in the development of extra‐CMs.
The beauty of diversity in cognitive neuroscience: The case of sex‐related effects in language production networks
Authors: Marini Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the past few decades, several studies have focused on potential sex‐related differences in the trajectories of language development and functioning. From a behavioral point of view, the available literature shows controversial results: differences between males and females in language production tasks may not always be detectable and, even when they are, are potentially biased by sociological and educational confounding factors. The problem regarding potential sex‐related differences in language production has also been investigated at the neural level, again with controversial results. The current minireview focuses on studies assessing sex‐related differences in the neural networks of language production. After providing a theoretical framework of language production, it is shown that the few available investigations have provided mixed results. The major reasons for discrepant findings are discussed with theoretical and methodological implications for future studies.
Exploring the structure of pure germanophospate glasses with different concentrations probed by magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Hussein A. Wahab M. A. , Rekik Najeh , Farooq Umer , Chebaane Saleh , Affan Hira , Albaid Abdelhamid , Aslam Affia , Alfhaid Latifah H. K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhosphate‐based glasses such as pure germanophosphate can be achieved at moderately low temperature by means of affordable chemical substances. Nowadays, they become more stimulating because they can be easily doped with alkali, transition metal ions, and rare earth oxides to afford the anticipated physical and/or chemical features for nanoscience applications. Herein, we report an experimental study dealing with the structure of pure germanophosphate glass samples of
prepared with different concentrations ranging from 20 up to 70 mole%. 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been employed to characterize the co‐formed glasses by two different glass‐forming oxides. The components of the phosphate species (
) in each sample were determined by analyzing the MAS NMR spectra. Interestingly, 31P MAS NMR spectrum for each sample was found to be characteristic powder patterns of the middle units Q2. Q2 unit found herein has one oxygen atom bonded towards one germanium atom (non‐bridging) and the other two oxygens are bonding towards two phosphorus atoms (bridging) of phosphate group (PO4). The results show that Q2 split into two units, Q2I and Q2II, due to different shielding of the phosphorus nucleus provided by the next nearest neighbor atoms. The chemical shift is interpreted in terms of the structure of each building unit of the phosphate group. The results obtained herein shed light on the way how to explore the revealed structure of the prepared glasses for the development of supported catalysts. Indeed, owing to their high chemical/thermal stability, the co‐formed germanophosphate glasses obtained may prove as useful substrates for potential nanocatalysts.