bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Prediction of Length of Stay in Hand Injury Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery
Authors: Weng Yuxiong , Yan Lizhao , Wang Kan , Ai Fangxing , Kang Yu , Gao Nan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: The In-hospital length of stay (LOS) is expected to increase as the complexity of hand injuries increases. This will impact healthcare systems, especially given the current situation of reduced bed capacity and rising costs. Therefore, accurate prediction of LOS would positively impact healthcare interventions. This research aims to develop a machine learning-based model to predict the length of hospital stay in patients with hand injuries.Methods: Patients who underwent emergency surgery with hand injuries were selected from the hand surgery department of Wuhan Union Hospital. Prolonged LOS was defined as a LOS of more than or equal to 9 days. Data were analyzed using Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost) in R software with glm, caret, and random forest packages. Prediction accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: A prospective cohort with 3858 patients with hand injuries were identified from 2016 to 2020. The area under the curve (AUC) , accuracy in the test set were LR(0.805,0.760), NB(0.786,0.715), RF(0.883,0.809), SVM(0.821,0.752), and XGboost(0.851,0.763), respectively. Multivariable regression indicated that longer operation time, lower hemoglobin (HGB), vascular injury, bone injury, general anesthesia, payment (commercial insurance, self-paying), and tourniquet use were linked to longer LOS. The random forest model performed best among these models and was developed into an encrypted web-based interface: https://union.shinyapps.io/PredictLOS/.Conclusions: We showed that machine learning methods accurately predict LOS for hand injury patients. The model we developed can be used in clinical bed management and resources allocation.
Tumor-Activated Neutrophils Promote Metastasis in Breast Cancer via the G-CSF-RLN2-MMP-9 Axis
Authors: Sheng Youjing , Peng Weidong , Huang Yan , Cheng Lanqing , Meng Ye , Kwantwi Louis Boafo , Yang Jiezhen , Xu Jiegou , Xiao Han , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Wu Qiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Immune component of tumor microenvironment is essential for the regulation of cancer progression. Tumor mass is frequently infiltrated by neutrophils (tumor-associated neutrophils, TANs) in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, the role of TANs and the mechanisms of their action in BC are still unclear. Using quantitative IHC, ROC and Cox analysis, we demonstrate here that high density of TANs infiltrating tumor parenchyma is predictive for poor prognosis and for the decreased progression-free survival of patients with BC that underwent surgical tumor removal without previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy in all 3 cohorts (training cohort, n=170; validation cohorts, n=130, independent cohorts, n=95). Conditioned medium of human breast cancer cell lines prolonged life span of healthy donor neutrophils ex vivo. Neutrophils, activated by supernatants of breast cancer lines, demonstrated the increased ability to stimulate proliferation, migration and invasive activity of breast cancer cells. Cytokines involved in this process have been identified by antibody array. Relationships between these cytokines and density of TANs were validated by ELISA and IHC in fresh breast cancer surgical samples. Identified by antibody arrays, tumor-derived G-CSF significantly prolonged the lifespan and increased the metastasis-promoting activities of neutrophils via PI3K-AKT and NFκB pathway. Simultaneously, TAN-derived RLN2 promoted the migratory abilities of MCF-7 cells via PI3K-AKT-MMP-9. Analysis of tumor tissues from 20 BC patients and RNA-seq from TCGA BC patients identified a positive correlation of density of TANs with the activation of G-CSF-RLN2-MMP-9 axis. Our data indicate that TANs in human breast cancer have detrimental activity supporting malignant cells invasion and migration.
Serial Platelet Level Index Improves Prediction of Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Respiratory Infections
Authors: Wu Huai-Chueh Gem , Wu Huai-Shing , Cheng Chao-Neng , Chen Jiann-Shiuh , Chen Tsai-Yun , Li Chung-I , Shen Ching-Fen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Thrombocytopenic patients who acquire Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) respiratory infection often develop pulmonary hemorrhage (PH), resulting in a high respiratory failure rate and increased mortality. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for PH and develop an index measuring serial platelet deficit to predict PH in patients with SM respiratory infection.Methods: Data of patients with both SM isolated from sputum/endotracheal suction culture and thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150x103 /μL) who were treated at National Cheng Kung University Hospital during 2018-2020 were extracted from electronic medical records and analyzed retrospectively. SM respiratory infection was defined as positive bacterial isolates plus respiratory infection symptoms. Clinical parameters and laboratory findings were compared between PH and non-PH groups. The platelet dissimilarity index (d-index) was calculated by accumulating differences between the actual and the lowest normal level of platelet count in each patient at different time points.Results: Among 437 SM respiratory infection cases, 125 (28.6%) patients developed PH. Patients with PH had increased prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), lower platelet count, and higher platelet d-index. Multivariate analysis revealed that extreme thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 50x103 /μL) is a common independent risk factor for PH and mortality. The performance of platelet deficit and d-index varied between patients with different comorbidities. Performance of single time-point platelet deficit to predict PH is more reliable in patients with hematology/oncology and liver disease (area under curve 0.705-0.757), while performance of d-index is more reliable in patients with sepsis/treatment and various other groups (0.711-0.816).Conclusions: Prolonged and extreme thrombocytopenia is a determinant risk factor for PH in patients with SM respiratory infection. Given the complexity of causes of thrombocytopenia and associated comorbidities, different strategies should be applied to assess the degree of thrombocytopenia when evaluating the risk for PH.
Novel Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Experiencing Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Lao Shen , Chen Zisheng , Xiong Yaming , He Miao , Zheng Yongmei , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Jingna , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Accumulating evidence revealed that lipid metabolic reprogramming facilitates lymph node metastasis and cancer progression. This study aimed to perform comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of the lipid metabolism-related impact in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients experiencing lymph node metastasis (LNM). Clinicopathological information and RNA-sequence data on LUAD patients were collected from the TCGA and GEO databases. Subsequently, 189 differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) were screened for LUAD patients with and without LNM. Based on the risk scoring system related to prognosis, we further correlated the LMRGs with diverse clinicopathological outcomes, genomic alterations, and immune features, as well as immunotherapeutic responses and drug susceptibility. A three-gene lipid metabolic signature (GPD1L, SPHK1, and ST3GAL4) associated with tumor progression in LUAD with LNM was identified. Analyses revealed that the high-risk group had worse overall survival; an increased proportion of M0 macrophages and degranulating mast cell infiltration; increased non-responders to immunotherapy; and resistance to several common TKI drugs. Interestingly, we also found that high-risk patients had higher tumor mutation burdens and PDL-1 expression, suggesting that this subset of patients may benefit from immunotherapy plus LMRG-targeted therapy. Additionally, the results showed that the differential expressed genes (DEGs) of the high-risk group were enriched in the REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES pathway. Overall, we identify a lipid metabolic signature that has prognostic value and provides new insights into molecular mechanisms and precision therapies of lipid metabolism-related LUAD regional metastasis.
Associations between maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and pulse pressure in early pregnancy
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Cao Wencheng , Liu Xiao , Zhou Yan , Wen Sheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. Previous research suggests that exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) could affect blood pressure (BP). We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the association of dioxin exposure with PP in early pregnancy. A total of 305 pregnant women in early pregnancy in Yingcheng, China, recruited from May 2018 to December 2019 were included in this study.
Methods
We measured 17 types of PCDD/Fs in maternal serum via high-resolution gas chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. A generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of dioxin exposure and their relationships with PP.
Results
The levels of total PCDD/Fs (∑PCDD/Fs) ranged from 163.52 pg/g lipid to 1,513,949.52 pg/g lipid, with a mean of 10,474.22 pg/g lipid. The mean toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of total PCDD/Fs (∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs) was 42.03 pg/g lipid. The ratio of tetrachlorinated to octa-chlorinated congeners in maternal serum was enriched with an increasing number of chlorines. Pregnant women with college and above education had higher concentrations of ∑PCDD/Fs than those with education levels of junior high school and below (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.67). The adjusted model for ∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs was significantly and negatively associated with PP (β=-1.79, 95% CI: -2.91, -0.68).
Conclusion
High levels of dioxins were found in this area, and exposure to dioxins may affect the PP of women in early pregnancy, with health risks.
Pairwise Q*s-(regular and normal) spaces in bitopological spaces
Authors: Padma P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The notion of τ1τ2 − Q ∗ - open sets in a bitopological spaces was introduced by K.Kannan and K.Chandrasekhararao. We introduce the notion of pairwise Q ∗ s - regular, pairwise Q ∗ s - normal, pairwise s ∗Q ∗ - normal and obtain some characterizations of pairwise Q ∗ s - regularity and pairwise Q ∗ s - normality, pairwise s ∗Q ∗ - normal.
Pendulum and gravimeter tests misled by remote man-made EM waves in solar eclipse days over years (false Allais effect)
Authors: Iovane Antonio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report misleading effects of human-origin signals on very distant gravity experiments in solar eclipse days. Despite Newton's well-established gravity, some research has been underway for some years on alleged gravitational anomalies in the days of solar eclipses, as per still considered reports in mainstream peer-reviewed journals. In solar eclipse days some instruments, notably pendulums and gravimeters, had provided anomalies that were interpreted as unknown features of gravity. French physicist Maurice Allais is credited with first reporting pendulum anomalies during a solar eclipse in 1954. NASA researchers also wanted to investigate the matter, also because they were looking for an explanation for the so-called Pioneer anomaly (explained later), and promoted a worldwide test for the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999. We were recruited for that experiment in July 1999 following our proposal for an innovative experiment. We have since conducted two experiments with stationary pendulums and recorded surprisingly structured anomalies which after years of study proved unnatural. We report these tests with extensive control data, and a limited number of similar anomalies observed by others, some already published but still not as unnatural. In summary we analyze: our stationary pendulum test on Aug 11 1999 in South Italy (unpublished); our stationary pendulum test on May 31 2003 in South Italy (unpublished); a gravimeter test by University of Trieste (Italy) on Aug 11 1999 (unpublished); a report from Reading (UK) for the Aug 11 1999 eclipse (published); a report from Manavgat (Turkey) for the March 29 2006 eclipse (published); a report from Kiev (Ukraine) for the Sept 11 2007 eclipse (published). In the above experiments we found abnormal instrumental behaviors (sudden sharp micro-deviations) that obey a precise structure of equally spaced time markers. The timing scheme was always the same in all of the above experiments. Subsequent research revealed that the scheme matched the one used by a very distant source of high-power, man-made, controlled radio signals. We conclude that the measuring instruments tracked by chance a campaign of RF-based eclipse experiments over the years, not gravitational phenomena. We report in more detail our two pendulum experiments and the gravimetric test of University of Trieste, spending fewer words on the other tests already described in their respective articles.
Brain Tumor Segmentation using UNET and SEGNET: a Comparative Study
Authors: Kasar Pankaj Eknath , Jadhav Shivajirao M. , Kansal Vineet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The tumor detection is major challenging task in brain tumor quantitative evaluation. In recent years, owing to non-invasive and strong soft tissue comparison, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has gained great interest. MRI is a commonly used image modality technique to locate brain tumors. An immense amount of data is produced by the MRI. Heterogeneity, isointense and hypointense tumor properties restrict manual segmentation in a fair period of time, thus restricting the use of reliable quantitative measures in clinical practice. In the clinical practice manual segmentation task is quite time consuming and their performance is highly depended on the operator’s experience. Accurate and automated tumor segmentation techniques are also needed; however, the severe spatial and structural heterogeneity of brain tumors makes automatic segmentation a difficult job. This paper proposes fully automatic segmentation of brain tumors using encoder-decoder based convolutional neural networks. The paper focuses on well-known semantic segmentation deep neural networks i.e., UNET and SEGNET for segmenting tumors from Brain MRI images. The networks are trained and tested using freely accessible standard dataset, with Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) as metric for whole predicted image i.e., including tumor and background. UNET’s average DSC on test dataset is 0.76 whereas for SEGNET we got average DSC 0.67. The evaluation of results proves that UNET is having better performance than SEGNET.
Gravitational cells and gravitational strings. Obtaining new physical formulas and calculating the gravitational constant, the mass of the hydrogen atom, the mass of the electron, the graviton energy, the length and frequency of gravitational waves, the distance of action of gravitational forces, etc.
Authors: Chernov Andrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In this work, such concepts as gravitational cells and gravitational strings were successfully built into the theory of the gravitational field. This innovation made it possible to move from general ideas about gravitational interaction to a deeper and more detailed understanding of this physical process and to obtain significant scientific results. These results include: obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the mass of an electron and the mass of a hydrogen atom through fundamental physical constants; determining the energy of a graviton, obtaining the length and frequency of gravitational waves; obtaining the distance of action of gravitational forces; obtaining a relativistic formula for the speed of a body in a gravitational field, and etc. In this work, Planck's constant was successfully applied to the theory of gravitational cells and strings. As a result, the formula for the minimum distance of gravitational interaction, the formula for the mass of an electron, and the formula for the mass of a hydrogen atom were obtained. Through the synthesis of the theory of gravitational cells and the relativistic formula of Einstein's total energy, the relativistic formula for the velocity of a body in a gravitational field was obtained. The results obtained by the new formulas completely coincided with the known scientific and experimental data. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that only fundamental physical constants are present in the new formulas.
Success Rates of Endocrown and Crown Restorations for Endodontically Treated Posterior Teeth: A 46-month Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Fangyuan , Duan Huiling , Fang Xiaolin , Hu Qingyun , Chen Zhi , Zhang Rui , Zhang Lu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe objective of the present study was to compare the success rates of endocrown and crown restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth over a 46-month period. MethodsThe 174 restorations（85 endocrowns; 89 crowns）in a total of 168 patients were manufactured between 2016 and 2017 using chairside CAD/CAM method. Root canal treatment and tooth preparation of each tooth was done by one and the same endodontist. Data were descriptively analyzed and success rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier statistics. ResultsThe average time to recall was 45.5±3.9 months. 21.2% patients had the habit of drinking and 40.2% patients had parafunctional habits. The success rates of endocrowns and crowns were 87.1% and 86.5% respectively(p=0.89). For premolars, only 73.7% of endocrowns were acceptable compared to 89.5% of crowns(p=0.123) and nearly all failures happened in the first year. But the situation is totally reversed for molars(p=0.276). And all the differences were not significant. The main failure reason was restoration debonding. ConclusionsThe success rate of endocrown restorations was comparable to that of crowns restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth in the 46-month study.Trial registrationThe retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital of Wuhan University ([2020] Lun Shen Zi (B61)).
The Use Of Intrathecal Morphine For Acute Postoparative Pain In Lower Limb Arthroplasty Surgery: A Survey Of Practice At An Academic Hospital.
Authors: Sibanyoni Mpumelelo , Biyase Ntombiyethu , Chakane Palesa Motshabi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background and purpose of the study: Intrathecal morphine (ITM) provides optimal postoperative analgesia in patients who are scheduled for total knee and hip operation with spinal anaesthesia. However, the ideal dose at which maximal analgesic effect occurs with minimal side effects is not known. This study aimed to describe the use of two doses of ITM, and side effect profile in patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty.Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, and contextual study conducted on patients who had total hip and knee replacement at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from 1 September to 30 November 2020. The sample size consisted of 66 patients who were 18 years and older, American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) classification 1-3, patients who had received either 100 mcg or 150 mcg ITM dose under spinal anaesthesia and sent to the ward postoperatively. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was used to assess pain in the first 24 hours, consumption of rescue analgesia and reported side effects were documented.Results: There was no relationship between age, weight, ASA classification or type of surgery and VAS score classification groups. Patients who received 100 mcg ITM had a higher median VAS pain score 2 (1-5) compared to those who received 150 mcg ITM 1 (0-2), p = 0.01. The need for rescue analgesia between the two groups was marginally less in the 150mcg ITM group (p =0.098). There was no difference in the rate of side effects between the 100 mcg ITM group [12 (41%)] and the 150 mcg ITM group [17 (59%)], p = 0.92. Rescue analgesia was marginally different between groups, p = 0.09. There were no real differences in the VAS pain scores between the total knee and total hip surgeries. None of the patients experienced clinically significant respiratory depression. Conclusion: The 150mcg ITM dose provided good analgesic effects with longer duration of action and comparable side effect profile to the 100mcg ITM dose. This dose was not associated with development of respiratory depression can therefore be administered safely to patients who are discharged to the ward postoperatively in a resource constraint environment.
Management of Paper-Thin Skin Tears Using a Silver-Based Hydrofiber Dressing
Authors: Hsu Honda , Yen Ya-Hui , Tseng Ya-Ting , Chou Shu-Ping , Chen Chiou-Ping , Ke Hsin-Hua , Lee Yi-Kung , Su Yung Cheng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
BackgroundSkin tear is a common problem encountered in the Emergency Department. If it is not properly managed, it can lead to wound infection, skin necrosis and a need for further surgical intervention and skin grafting. Current management is to cleanse the wound, replace the thin skin flap followed by coverage with a dressing that is inducive for wound healing. Several dressings have been suggested for the coverage of these wounds. But, up to now, there has been no mention of the use of a silver-based hydrofiber dressing in the management of this condition. The objective of this study was to explore the use of a silver-based hydrofiber dressing for the management of paper-thin skin tears. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with class I or II skin tears that had undergone management using a silver based hydrofiber dressing between October 2019 till October 2020. Demographic data and medical history was obtained by retrospective chart review. Data that was collected included: age, sex, comorbid illnesses, defect location, defect size, complications, number of times the silver-based hydrofiber dressing was replaced and the number of days required to achieve complete wound healing. ResultsA total of 65 patients were included in the study. There were 39 males and 26 females. There were 28 patients whose age was greater then 85 years old, of which 14 patients were over 90 years old. The mean number of outpatient visits were 2. The mean defect size was 33cm2 (range 1cm x 1cm to 18x10cm). The mean number of days required for total wound healing was 13 days (range 7-21). We did not encounter any patients that required further surgical debridement or split-thickness skin grafting. ConclusionThe use of a silver-based hydrofiber dressing was well tolerated by the elderly population as it provided an easy, efficient, economical and effective form of management of skin tears. We suggest that a silver-based hydrofiber dressing can be used as a first-line treatment method for class I and II skin tears.