bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete Phase Analysis of Self Heating Particles Over an Immersion Liquid Cooled High Power Blue Light-Emitting Diode With Suspended Phosphor Particles
Authors: Cengiz Ceren , Muslu Ahmet Mete , Azarifar Mohammad , Arik Mehmet , Dogruoz Baris 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent years, the interaction of unrestricted particles with dispersed multiphase flows has been linked to a number of important engineering applications. Among these applications, the novel idea of immersion-cooled phosphor particles, which has the potential of significantly increasing the thermal limits of phosphor converted white light-emitting diode (LEDs) (Pc-WLEDs), has yet to be thoroughly investigated. With this objective, this research utilizes the discrete phase modeling (DPM) technique for the characterization of phosphor location and movements within a buoyancy-driven flow, which is the determining factor in the optical behavior of the newly proposed Pc-WLED configuration. Two-phase flow analysis is conducted to characterize particle movement. Heat transfer, flow, and energy paths of self-heating phosphor particles are extracted, and the influence of particle sizes is analyzed in detail. The results show that with immersion liquid cooling, the highest phosphor particle temperature is recorded to be under 420 K, while larger size particles introduce higher heat transfer rates to the Pc-WLED package for the same number of particles. Moreover, depending on the particle size and position, individual phosphor particles can follow a different trajectory that can affect the probability of obtaining white light emission.
Racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Daalen Kim Robin , Kaiser Jeenan , Kebede Samuel , Cipriano Gabriela , Maimouni Hassan , Olumese Ekiomoado , Chui Anthea , Kuhn Isla , Oliver-Williams Clare 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionRacial discrimination has been consistently linked to various health outcomes and health disparities, including studies associating racial discrimination with patterns of racial disparities in adverse pregnancy outcomes. To expand our knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis assesses all available evidence on the association between self-reported racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched without language or time restrictions, through January 2022. Data were extracted using a pre-piloted extraction tool. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and across all included studies using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on preterm birth and small for gestational age. Heterogenicity was assessed using Cochran’s χ2test and I2statistic.ResultsOf 13 597 retrieved records, 24 articles were included. Studies included cohort, case–control and cross-sectional designs and were predominantly conducted in the USA (n=20). Across all outcomes, significant positive associations (between experiencing racial discrimination and an adverse pregnancy event) and non-significant associations (trending towards positive) were reported, with no studies reporting significant negative associations. The overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for preterm birth was 1.40 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.68; 13 studies) and for small for gestational age it was 1.23 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.99; 3 studies). When excluding low-quality studies, the preterm birth OR attenuated to 1.31 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.59; 10 studies). Similar results were obtained across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, indicating a significant positive association.ConclusionThese results suggest that racial discrimination has adverse impacts on pregnancy outcomes. This is supported by the broader literature on racial discrimination as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. To further explore this association and underlying mechanisms, including mediating and moderating factors, higher quality evidence from large ethnographically diverse cohorts is needed.
Epidemiology of uterine fibroid in black African women: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Morhason-Bello Imran O , Adebamowo Clement A 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveStudies, mainly from high-income countries, suggest that there are ethnic and racial variations in prevalence of uterine fibroids (UF). However, there have been few studies of the epidemiology of UF in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We reviewed published articles on the epidemiology of UF in SSA.DesignThis was a scoping review of literature.SettingsWe searched three databases (PubMed, African Wide Information (EBSCO) and African Journals OnLine (AJOL)). The search for eligible articles was conducted between December 2019 and January 2021.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo describe the reported prevalence/incidence of, and risk factors for UF in SSA.ResultsOf the 1052 articles retrieved, 9 met the inclusion criteria for review. The articles were from Nigeria (4/9), Ghana (2/9), Cameroon (1/9), Kenya (1/9) and South Africa (1/9). Two studies from pathology departments and three studies from radiology departments reported prevalence of UF. We did not find any study on the incidence or genomics of UF in SSA. Of the three studies that reported on the risk factors of UF, only one case–control study that was conducted using retrospective data of attendees at a gynaecological clinic conducted multivariable analysis.ConclusionThere is lack of robust epidemiological studies of the prevalence, incidence and risk factors of UF in SSA. There is urgent need to study epidemiological and genomics risk factors of UF in SSA because UF is the most common gynaecological neoplasm in this population where it is associated with significant morbidity and occasional, usually perioperative, mortality.
Short-term and long-term prognostic value of histological response and
intensified chemotherapy in osteosarcoma: a retrospective reanalysis of the
BO06 trial
Authors: Musta Eni , van Geloven Nan , Anninga Jakob , Gelderblom Hans , Fiocco Marta 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
Cure rate models accounting for cured and uncured patients, provide
additional insights into long and short-term survival. We aim to
evaluate the prognostic value of histological response and chemotherapy
intensification on the cure fraction and progression-free survival (PFS)
for the uncured patients.

Design
Retrospective analysis of a randomised controlled trial, MRC BO06
(EORTC 80931).

Setting
Population-based study but proposed methodology can be applied to
other trial designs.

Participants
A total of 497 patients with resectable highgrade osteosarcoma, of
which 118 were excluded because chemotherapy was not started,
histological response was not reported, abnormal dose was reported or
had disease progression during treatment.

Intervention(s)
Two regimens with the same anticipated cumulative dose (doxorubicin
6×75 mg/m2/week; cisplatin
6×100 mg/m2/week) over different time
schedules: every 3 weeks in regimen-C and every 2 weeks in
regimen-DI.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome is PFS computed from end of treatment because
cure, if it occurs, may happen at any time during treatment. A mixture
cure model is used to study the effect of histological response and
intensified chemotherapy on the cure status and PFS for the uncured
patients.

Results
Histological response is a strong prognostic factor for the cure
status (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.75 to 5.17), but it has no clear effect on PFS
for the uncured patients (HR 0.78, –95% CI 0.53 to 1.16). The cure
fractions are 55% (46%–63%) and 29% (22%–35%), respectively, among
patients with good and poor histological response (GR, PR). The
intensified regimen was associated with a higher cure fraction among PR
(OR 1.90, 95% CI 0.93 to 3.89), with no evidence of effect for GR (OR
0.78, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.59).

Conclusions
Accounting for cured patients is valuable in distinguishing the
covariate effects on cure and PFS. Estimating cure chances based on
these prognostic factors is relevant for counselling patients and can
have an impact on treatment decisions.

Trial registration number
NCT86294690.
Retrospective evaluation of ophthalmological and neurological outcomes for infants born before 24 weeks gestational age in a Swedish cohort
Authors: Hellström Ann , Jacobson Lena , Al-Hawasi Abbas , Hellström-Westas Lena , Rakow Alexander , Johnson Mats , Sävman Karin , Holmstrom Gerd , Larsson Eva , Gränse Lotta , Saric Marie , Sunnqvist Birgitta , Smith Lois , Hård Anna‐Lena , Morsing Eva , Lundgren Pia 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo retrospectively evaluate ophthalmological and neurological outcomes in a Swedish cohort of infants born before 24 weeks gestational age (GA) and explore risk factors for visual impairment.SettingEye and paediatric clinics in Sweden.ParticipantsInfants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (n=399), born before 24 weeks GA, 2007–2018. Cases were excluded if ophthalmological follow-up records could not be traced.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were ophthalmological, including visual acuity (VA), refractive error, strabismus, nystagmus and cerebral visual impairment (CVI). Secondary outcomes comprised neonatal and neurological morbidities. Data were retrospectively retrieved from medical records.ResultsThe 355 assessed children had a median GA of 23 weeks and 2 days and a median birth weight of 565 g. At the last available ophthalmological examination, the median age was 4.8 years (range 0.5–13.2 years). Nystagmus was recorded in 21.1%, strabismus in 34.8%, and 51.0% wore spectacles. Seventy-three of 333 (21.9%) were visually impaired, defined as being referred to a low vision clinic and/or having a VA less than 20/60 at 3.5 years of age or older. ROP treatment was a significant risk factor for visual impairment (OR 2.244, p=0.003). Visually impaired children, compared with children without visual impairment, more often had neurological deficits such as intellectual disability 63.8% versus 33.3% (p<0.001), epilepsy 21.1% versus 7.5% (p=0.001) and autism spectrum disorders 32.8% versus 20.9% (p=0.043). Nine of the 355 children had been diagnosed with CVI.ConclusionsChildren born before 24 weeks GA frequently had visual impairment in association with neurological deficits. CVI was rarely diagnosed. A multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and habilitation of these vulnerable infants is warranted. National follow-up guidelines need to be developed and implemented.
Brain Injury Screening Tool (BIST): test–retest reliability in a community adult sample
Authors: Shaikh Nusratnaaz , Tokhi Yelda , Hardaker Natalie , Henshall Kevin , Forch Katherine , Fernando Kris , King Doug , Fulcher Mark , Jewell Sam , Bastos-Gottgtroy Renata , Hume Patria , Theadom Alice 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the test–retest reliability of the Brain Injury Screening Tool (BIST), which was designed to support the initial assessment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) across a variety of contexts, including primary and secondary care.DesignTest–retest design over a 2-week period.SettingCommunity based.ParticipantsSixty-eight adults (aged 18–58 years) who had not experienced an mTBI within the last 5 years and completed the BIST on two different occasions.MeasuresParticipants were invited to complete the 15-item BIST symptom scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) online at two time-points (baseline and 2 weeks later). To account for large variations in mood affecting symptom reporting, change scores on the subscales of the DASS-21 were calculated, and outliers were removed from the analysis.ResultsThe BIST total symptom score and subscale scores (physical-emotional, cognitive and vestibular) demonstrated moderate to good test–retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging between 0.51 and 0.83. There were no meaningful differences between symptom reporting on the total scale or subscales of the BIST between time1 and time2 at the p<0.05 level when calculated using related samples Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.ConclusionThe BIST showed evidence of good stability of symptom reporting within a non-injured, community adult sample. This increases confidence that changes observed in symptom reporting in an injured sample are related to actual symptom change rather than measurement error and supports the use of the symptom scale to monitor recovery over time. Further research is needed to explore reliability of the BIST within those aged <16 years.
Existing barriers and recommendations of real-world data standardisation for clinical research in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Lai Junkai , Liao Xiwen , Yao Chen , Jin Feifei , Wang Bin , Li Chen , Zhang Jun , Liu Larry 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the existing barriers and recommendations of real-world data (RWD) standardisation for clinical research through a qualitative study on different stakeholders.DesignThis qualitative study involved five types of stakeholders based on five interview outlines. The data analysis was performed using the constructivist grounded theory analysis process.SettingEight hospitals, four hospital system vendors, three big data companies, six medical products companies and four regulatory institutions were included.ParticipantsIn total, 62 participants from 25 institutions were interviewed through purposive sampling.ResultsThe findings showed that the lack of clinical applicability in existing terminology standards, lack of generalisability in existing research databases, and lack of transparency in existing data standardisation process were the barriers of data standardisation of RWD for clinical research. Enhancing terminology standards by incorporating locally used clinical terminology, reducing burden in the usage of terminology standards, improving generalisability of RWD for research by using clinical data models, and improving traceability to source data for transparency might be feasible suggestions for solving the current problems.ConclusionsEfficient and reliable data standardisation of RWD for clinical research can help generate better evidence used to support regulatory evaluation of medical products. This research suggested enhancing terminology standards by incorporating locally used clinical terminology, reducing burden in the usage of terminology standards, improving generalisability of RWD for research by using clinical data models, and improving traceability to source data for transparency to guide efforts in data standardisation in the future.
Life satisfaction and its influencing factors of middle-aged and elderly stroke patients in China: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Jieyu , Zhou Shangcheng , Xu Xingying , Cheng Yu , Yi Ying , Zou Guanyang 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis study reports the life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly patients who had a stroke in China, and explores its association with patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyles and family relationship.DesignCross-sectional survey.Setting and participantsThe samples of this study were selected from the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018, which covered 28 provinces, 150 countries/districts and 450 village/urban communities. 1154 patients who had a stroke aged 45 and over were included in this study as qualified samples.Outcome measuresDescriptive analysis was used to report sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyles, family relationship and life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly patients who had a stroke. χ2 analysis and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the factors influencing the life satisfaction of the patients who had a stroke.ResultsOverall, 83.1% of patients who had a stroke were satisfied with their lives, although only 8.7% rated their own health as being good. Patients who had a stroke who were male, elderly, married, living with their spouses and having a pension were more likely to report satisfaction with life (p<0.05). Self-rated health, health satisfaction, chronic lung disease, fall, pain, ability to work and family relationships were also significantly associated with life satisfaction (p<0.05). Patients who drank alcohol (86.8% vs 81.7%, p=0.041), had physical activity (84.4% vs 75.6%, p=0.004) and had social activity (85.3% vs 80.8%, p=0.041) were more satisfied with their lives than those who did not. Multivariable analysis confirmed that age, health satisfaction, physical pain, working ability, relationships with spouse and with children had significant effects on life satisfaction of patients who had a stroke (p<0.05).ConclusionsOur study indicates the importance of improving the overall health of patients who had a stroke and mediating factors, such as pain management, and work ability, spouse and children relationship in improving the life satisfaction of patients in the poststroke rehabilitation.
Effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron and Delta variants in a matched test-negative case–control study among US veterans
Authors: Young-Xu Yinong , Zwain Gabrielle M , Izurieta Hector S , Korves Caroline , Powell Ethan I , Smith Jeremy , Balajee Abirami , Holodniy Mark , Beenhouwer David O , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C , Brown Sheldon T , Marconi Vincent C 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo estimate the effectiveness of messenger RNA (mRNA) booster doses during the period of Delta and Omicron variant dominance.DesignWe conducted a matched test-negative case–control study to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of three and two doses of mRNA vaccines against infection (regardless of symptoms) and against COVID-19-related hospitalisation and death.SettingVeterans Health Administration.ParticipantsWe used electronic health record data from 114 640 veterans who had a SARS-CoV-2 test during November 2021–January 2022. Patients were largely 65 years or older (52%), male (88%) and non-Hispanic white (59%).Main outcome measuresFirst positive result for a SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antigen test.ResultsAgainst infection, booster doses had higher estimated VE (64%, 95% CI 63 to 65) than two-dose vaccination (12%, 95% CI 10 to 15) during the Omicron period. For the Delta period, the VE against infection was 90% (95% CI 88 to 92) among boosted vaccinees, higher than the VE among two-dose vaccinees (54%, 95% CI 50 to 57). Against hospitalisation, booster dose VE was 89% (95% CI 88 to 91) during Omicron and 94% (95% CI 90 to 96) during Delta; two-dose VE was 63% (95% CI 58 to 67) during Omicron and 75% (95% CI 69 to 80) during Delta. Against death, the VE with a booster dose was 94% (95% CI 90 to 96) during Omicron and 96% (95% CI 87 to 99) during Delta.ConclusionsAmong an older, mostly male, population with comorbidities, we found that an mRNA vaccine booster was highly effective against infection, hospitalisation and death. Although the effectiveness of booster vaccination against infection was moderately higher against Delta than against the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant, effectiveness against severe disease and death was similarly high against both variants.
Understanding the factors influencing the implementation of accreditation in Jordanian Hospitals: the nurses’ view
Authors: Algunmeeyn Abdullah , Mrayyan Majd T 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAccreditation practices are influenced by many variables, resulting in positive outcomes, such as enhanced motivation among the hospital staff. Motivation among the physician and nurses directly impacts the service quality of the hospitals. Accreditation increases organisational capacity, which may improve hospitals’ overall performance. This study aimed at assessing the factors influencing the implementation of accreditation in Jordanian hospitals.MethodThis study employed a qualitative approach. As a result, 40 nurses were recruited from two public hospitals with varying experience and specialties. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews. Interviews were conducted with a total of 40 hospital nurses, who were selected based on convenience and purposeful sampling.ResultsCommunication, recruiting qualified and effective hospital directors, patient involvement and engagement and teamwork influenced the implementation of accreditation in Jordanian hospitals.ConclusionThe implementation of the accreditation process is influenced by many factors. Therefore, focusing more on these factors while using the views and experiences of nurses involved in this process will significantly impact the implementation of the accreditation process in various clinical settings, particularly hospitals.
U.S. Geological Survey Core Research Center: a gateway to subsurface discovery for geoscience research
Authors: Honey Jeannine , Ivis Dawn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) operates the Core Research Center (CRC) in Denver, Colorado, USA, a public access repository of rock cores from over 9800 wells and drill cuttings from over 53 000 wells, primarily from states in or adjacent to the Rocky Mountain Region. Annually, approximately 1400 visitors use the collection for traditional and innovative research.
The CRC has an online, searchable database which includes downloadable core photos, analytical data, and thin-section images. When visitors sample for analyses, the results must be returned to the CRC for public dissemination providing immediate, free access to users while sparing the finite, irreplaceable collection from redundant testing. A representative quantity of every core depth is preserved in perpetuity.
Studies on CRC materials, paired with new extraction methods, have unlocked new productive deposits. Materials drilled and curated decades ago remain in high demand while materials receiving little attention today may be crucial for future research.
The collection provides immediate, inexpensive access to subsurface materials at a fraction of the cost of new drilling, sparing money, time and environmental impacts.