bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in regional gray matter density in pre-adolescent binge eating disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study
Authors: Murray Stuart B. , Diaz-Fong Joel P. , Duval Christina J. , Balkchyan Ane A. , Nagata Jason M. , Lee Darrin J. , Ganson Kyle T. , Toga Arthur W. , Siegel Steven J. , Jann Kay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBinge eating disorder (BED) is a pernicious psychiatric disorder which is linked with broad medical and psychiatric morbidity, and obesity. While BED may be characterized by altered cortical morphometry, no evidence to date examined possible sex-differences in regional gray matter characteristics among those with BED. This is especially important to consider in children, where BED symptoms often emerge coincident with rapid gray matter maturation.MethodsPre-adolescent, 9–10-year old boys (N = 38) and girls (N = 33) with BED were extracted from the 3.0 baseline (Year 0) release of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. We investigated sex differences in gray matter density (GMD) via voxel-based morphometry. Control sex differences were also assessed in age and body mass index and developmentally matched control children (boys N = 36; girls N = 38). Among children with BED, we additionally assessed the association between dorsolateral prefrontal (dlPFC) GMD and parent-reported behavioral approach and inhibition tendencies.ResultsGirls with BED uniquely demonstrate diffuse clusters of greater GMD (p < 0.05, Threshold Free Cluster Enhancement corrected) in the (i) left dlPFC (p = 0.003), (ii) bilateral dmPFC (p = 0.004), (iii) bilateral primary motor and somatosensory cortex (p = 0.0003) and (iv) bilateral precuneus (p = 0.007). Brain-behavioral associations suggest a unique negative correlation between GMD in the left dlPFC and behavioral approach tendencies among girls with BED.ConclusionsEarly-onset BED may be characterized by regional sex differences in terms of its underlying gray matter morphometry.
Child maltreatment, migration and risk of first-episode psychosis: results from the multinational EU-GEI study
Authors: D'Andrea Giuseppe , Lal Jatin , Tosato Sarah , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Jongsma Hannah E. , Stilo Simona A. , van der Ven Els , Quattrone Diego , Velthorst Eva , Berardi Domenico , Rossi Menezes Paulo , Arango Celso , Parellada Mara , Lasalvia Antonio , La Cascia Caterina , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Sideli Lucia , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Sanjuán Julio , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Tripoli Giada , Llorca Pierre-Michel , de Haan Lieuwe , Selten Jean-Paul , Tortelli Andrea , Szöke Andrei , Muratori Roberto , Rutten Bart P. , van Os Jim , Jones Peter B. , Kirkbride James B. , Murray Robin M. , di Forti Marta , Tarricone Ilaria , Morgan Craig 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundChild maltreatment (CM) and migrant status are independently associated with psychosis. We examined prevalence of CM by migrant status and tested whether migrant status moderated the association between CM and first-episode psychosis (FEP). We further explored whether differences in CM exposure contributed to variations in the incidence rates of FEP by migrant status.MethodsWe included FEP patients aged 18–64 years in 14 European sites and recruited controls representative of the local populations. Migrant status was operationalized according to generation (first/further) and region of origin (Western/non-Western countries). The reference population was composed by individuals of host country's ethnicity. CM was assessed with Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Prevalence ratios of CM were estimated using Poisson regression. We examined the moderation effect of migrant status on the odds of FEP by CM fitting adjusted logistic regressions with interaction terms. Finally, we calculated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) for CM by migrant status.ResultsWe examined 849 FEP cases and 1142 controls. CM prevalence was higher among migrants, their descendants and migrants of non-Western heritage. Migrant status, classified by generation (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 11.3, p = 0.004) or by region of origin (likelihood test ratio:χ2 = 11.4, p = 0.003), attenuated the association between CM and FEP. PAFs for CM were higher among all migrant groups compared with the reference populations.ConclusionsThe higher exposure to CM, despite a smaller effect on the odds of FEP, accounted for a greater proportion of incident FEP cases among migrants. Policies aimed at reducing CM should consider the increased vulnerability of specific subpopulations.
Weakest preconditions in fibrations
Authors: Aguirre Alejandro , Katsumata Shin-ya , Kura Satoshi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWeakest precondition transformers are useful tools in program verification. One of their key properties is composability, that is, the weakest precondition predicate transformer (wppt for short) associated to program
$f;\;g$
should be equal to the composition of the wppts associated to f and g. In this paper, we study the categorical structure behind wppts from a fibrational point of view. We characterize the wppts that satisfy composability as the ones constructed from the Cartesian lifting of a monad. We moreover show that Cartesian liftings of monads along lax slice categories bijectively correspond to Eilenberg–Moore monotone algebras. We then instantiate our techniques by deriving wppts for commonplace effects such as the maybe monad, the nonempty powerset monad, the counter monad, or the distribution monad. We also show how to combine them to derive the wppts appearing in the literature of verification of probabilistic programs.
Influence of gibberellic acid on vegetable crop and weed emergence
Authors: Schuler Jordan , Colquhoun Jed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSmall-seeded vegetable crop production is challenged by poor emergence, stand establishment and canopy development, as well as a lack of effective weed control options. The potential use of plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA) could enhance early emergence and growth rates while potentially synchronizing weed germination with control tactics. In response, a controlled environment study was conducted to investigate the effects of GA on garden beet, cabbage, carrot, and onion. At 7 d after seeding (DAS) carrot emergence was greater when carrot seeds were treated with 2, 4, 8, 16, or 64 ppm GA compared with nontreated seeds. Total carrot emergence over the study period was 14% greater when seeds were treated with 4 ppm GA compared with nontreated seeds. Treatment of cabbage with as low as 2 to 4 ppm GA increased cabbage emergence rate and total plant emergence over the study period relative to nontreated seeds. Onion response to GA treatment was variable and unremarkable and was hypothesized to be influenced by seed dormancy because emergence was also low with the nontreated seeds. The GA rates that stimulated vegetable crop seed germination and emergence were then explored with three common weed species to determine whether a similar response was observed. If so, GA could be used to stimulate weed emergence in synchrony with management tactics. Palmer amaranth emergence was strongly affected by GA treatment, whereby the total number of emerged plants was 48% greater when 4 ppm GA was applied than in the nontreated check. Velvetleaf emergence at 3 DAS with the 4 and 8 ppm GA was 2.9 and 3.0 plants pot−1, respectively, compared to no emergence in the nontreated pots. Redroot pigweed emergence was not affected by GA treatment at any rate.
Widespread Unquantified Conversion of Old Boreal Forests to Plantations
Authors: Ahlström Anders , Canadell Josep G. , Metcalfe Daniel B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAcross the boreal biome, clear‐cutting of old, previously non clear‐cut forests with high naturalness followed by tree planting or seeding is a major land use change. However, how much previously uncut forest has been converted to plantations remains unquantified. We combine Swedish national databases on clear‐cuts and forest inventories to show that at least 19% of all clear‐cuts since 2003 have occurred in old forests that were most likely not previously cut and planted or seeded. Old forests have been cut and lost at a steady rate of ∼1.4% per year for the same period, and at this rate they will disappear by the 2070s. There is further evidence that this type of unreported forest conversion is occurring across much of the world's boreal forest.
Spatiotemporal Pattern of Ecosystem Respiration in China Estimated by Integration of Machine Learning With Ecological Understanding
Authors: Han Lang , Yu Gui‐Rui , Chen Zhi , Zhu Xian‐Jin , Zhang Wei‐Kang , Wang Tie‐Jun , Xu Li , Chen Shi‐Ping , Liu Shao‐Min , Wang Hui‐Min , Yan Jun‐Hua , Tan Jun‐Lei , Zhang Fa‐Wei , Zhao Feng‐Hua , Li Ying‐Nian , Zhang Yi‐Ping , Sha Li‐Qing , Song Qing‐Hai , Shi Pei‐Li , Zhu Jiao‐Jun , Wu Jia‐Bing , Zhao Zhong‐Hui , Hao Yan‐Bin , Ji Xi‐Bin , Zhao Liang , Zhang Yu‐Cui , Jiang Shi‐Cheng , Gu Feng‐Xue , Wu Zhi‐Xiang , Zhang Yang‐Jian , Zhou Li , Tang Ya‐Kun , Jia Bing‐Rui , Dong Gang , Gao Yan‐Hong , Jiang Zheng‐De , Sun Dan , Wang Jian‐Lin , He Qi‐Hua , Li Xin‐Hu , Wang Fei , Wei Wen‐Xue , Deng Zheng‐Miao , Hao Xiang‐Xiang , Liu Xiao‐Li , Zhang Xi‐Feng , Mo Xing‐Guo , He Yong‐Tao , Liu Xin‐Wei , Du Hu , Zhu Zhi‐Lin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccurate estimation of regional and global patterns of ecosystem respiration (ER) is crucial to improve the understanding of terrestrial carbon cycles and the predictive ability of the global carbon budget. However, large uncertainties still exist in regional and global ER estimation due to the drawbacks of modeling methods. Based on eddy covariance ER data from 132 sites in China from 2002 to 2020, we established Intelligent Random Forest (IRF) models that integrated ecological understanding with machine learning techniques to estimate ER. The results showed that the IRF models performed better than semiempirical models and machine learning algorithms. The observed data revealed that gross primary productivity (GPP), living plant biomass, and soil organic carbon (SOC) were of great importance in controlling the spatiotemporal variability of ER across China. An optimal model governed by annual GPP, living plant biomass, SOC, and air temperature (IRF‐04 model) matched 93% of the spatiotemporal variation in site‐level ER, and was adopted to evaluate the spatiotemporal pattern of ER in China. Using the optimal model, we obtained that the annual value of ER in China ranged from 5.05 to 5.84 Pg C yr−1 between 2000 and 2020, with an average value of 5.53 ± 0.22 Pg C yr−1. In this study, we suggest that future models should integrate process‐based and data‐driven approaches for understanding and evaluating regional and global carbon budgets.
Permeability and Groundwater Flow Dynamics in Deep‐Reaching Orogenic Faults Estimated From Regional‐Scale Hydraulic Simulations
Authors: Alt‐Epping Peter , Diamond Larryn W. , Wanner Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNumerical modeling is used to understand the regional scale flow dynamics of the fault‐hosted orogenic geothermal system at the Grimsel Mountain Pass in the Swiss Alps. The model is calibrated against observations from thermal springs discharging in a tunnel some 250 m underneath Grimsel Pass to derive estimates for the bulk permeability of the fault. Simulations confirm that without the fault as a hydraulic conductor the thermal springs would not exist. Regional topography alone drives meteoric water in a single pass through the fault plane where it penetrates to depths exceeding 10 km and acquires temperatures in excess of 250°C. Thermal constraints from the thermal springs at Grimsel Pass suggest bulk fault permeabilities in the range of 2e−15 m2–4.8e−15 m2. Reported residence times of >30,000 and 7 years for the deep geothermal and shallow groundwater components in the thermal spring water, respectively, suggest fault permeabilities of around 2.5e−15 m2. We show that the long residence time of the deep geothermal water is likely a consequence of low recharge rates during the last glaciation event in the Swiss Alps, which started some 30,000 years ago. Deep groundwater discharging at Grimsel Pass today thus infiltrated the Grimsel fault prior to the last glaciation event. The range of permeabilities estimated from observational constraints is fully consistent with a subcritical single‐pass flow system in the fault plane.
Effects of Elasticity on Subduction Initiation: Insight From 2‐D Thermomechanical Models
Authors: Zhou Xin , Wada Ikuko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite extensive modeling efforts, the dynamics of subduction initiation (SI), including the role of elasticity, are not fully understood. Using two‐dimensional thermomechanical models with visco‐plastic (VP) and visco‐elasto‐plastic (VEP) rheologies, we systematically investigate the role of elasticity in intraoceanic SI using two model setups: spontaneous initiation without imposed convergence and induced initiation with imposed convergence. In spontaneous models, the overriding plate age of <20 Ma and the subducting plate age of >50 Ma generally lead to vertically driven SI with either rheology, but for a given age contrast, SI is easier to occur with the VEP rheology. In induced model with either rheology, when the two plates are young and have a small age contrast, the resulting SI is horizontally driven, and elasticity does not affect SI significantly, regardless of the convergence rate. However, when the thermal age contrast is large and a convergence rate is relatively low, the SI in induced models is vertically driven and similar to that in the spontaneous models, and the VEP rheology leads to faster SI than the VP rheology. This effect of elasticity becomes smaller with increasing initial horizontal compressional stress but does not become fully negated by the initial stress of <∼50 MPa. Therefore, inclusion of elasticity with reasonable shear modulus and initial stress values results in a weaker slab, making it easier for vertically driven SI to occur when the age contrast is relatively large.
Planetary Caves: A Solar System View of Processes and Products
Authors: Wynne J. Judson , Mylroie John E. , Titus Timothy N. , Malaska Michael J. , Buczkowski Debra L. , Buhler Peter B. , Byrne Paul K. , Cushing Glen E. , Davies Ashley Gerard , Frumkin Amos , Hansen‐Koharcheck Candice , Hiatt Victoria , Hofgartner Jason D. , Hoogenboom Trudi , Horodyskyj Ulyana , Hughson Kynan , Kerber Laura , Landis Margaret , Leonard Erin J. , Lesage Elodie , Lucchetti Alice , Massironi Matteo , Mitchell Karl L. , Penasa Luca , Phillips Cynthia B. , Pozzobon Riccardo , Radebaugh Jani , Sauro Francesco , Wagner Robert V. , Watters Thomas R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe provide the first solar system wide compendium of speleogenic processes and products. An examination of 15 solar system bodies revealed that six cave‐forming processes occur beyond Earth including volcanic (cryo and magmatic), fracturing (tectonic and impact melt), dissolution, sublimation, suffusion, and landslides. Although no caves (i.e., confirmed entrances with associated linear passages) have been confirmed, 3,545 SAPs (subsurface access points) have been identified on 11 planetary bodies and the potential for speleogenic processes (and thus SAPs) was observed on an additional four planetary bodies. The bulk of our knowledge on extraterrestrial SAPs is based on global databases for the Moon and Mars, which are bodies for which high‐resolution imagery and other data are available. To further characterize most of the features beyond the Moon and Mars, acquisition (preferably global coverage) and subsequent analysis of high‐resolution imagery will be required. The next few decades hold considerable promise for further identifying and characterizing caves across the solar system.
Opposing Surfactant and Gel Effects of Soil Borne‐Hydrogels on Soil Water Retention
Authors: Zheng Wenjuan , Wang Lian‐Ping , Kuang Xingxing , Jin Yan , Shen Chongyang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSoil‐borne hydrogels (e.g., bacterial extracellular polymeric substances, root‐derived mucilage) contain polymeric (i.e., gel‐like) substances as well as surface active substances, which modify the viscosity of soil fluid and wetting properties of soil particles, respectively. In this study, the individual and coupled effects of gel and surfactant on soil water retention were investigated experimentally using xanthan and Triton X‐100 as surrogates for gel and surfactant, respectively. Results show opposing effects that xanthan enhanced soil water retention because of increased solution viscosity and its hygroscopic property while surfactant reduced soil water retention due to reduced surface tension. We applied the modified Kosugi model that considers non‐capillary adsorption to describe the soil water retention curves measured in this study as well as additional curves reported in the literature. The model effectively captured the gel and surfactant effects using two model parameters, ω and μm, representing the weighting factor for capillary retention and the matric potential required to drain the effective mean pore diameter, respectively. Compared with the controls, gel‐dominated samples increased non‐capillary adsorption whereas surfactant‐dominant samples had a smaller (i.e., less negative) matric potential at the onset of drainage. Finally, we provided an explanation for enhanced water retention due to increased solution viscosity considering fluid displacement process. Our study improved the mechanistic understanding of soil water retention as affected by viscosity and surface tension individually as well as their coupled effects.
Avoiding psychological (re)traumatisation in dentistry when working with patients who are adult survivors of child sex abuse
Authors: Alyce Susanna , Taggart Danny , Montaque Indiana , Turton Jackie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroduction Seven percent of the adult population in the UK, including one in six women, report unwanted sexual experiences before the age of 16. The impacts of psychological trauma following child sexual abuse (CSA) creates difficulties for many survivors in accessing dental care due to fears of reminders of abuse, the power imbalance with the dentist and triggered traumatic responses.Aims To analyse and report CSA survivor perspectives of dental care and offer suggestions for practice.Method Qualitative semi-structured interviews of 17 CSA survivors generated data as part of a broader study investigating trust and trustworthiness in survivor-professional relationships. The range of dental interactions and the needs survivors described when receiving dental treatment are presented. Transcripts were analysed using NVivo software and thematic analysis methodology.Results Three main themes were identified: the dental encounter ('it really panics me'); the opportunity to disclose; and choice and control.Conclusion This is the first UK study to present qualitative data from CSA survivors about their experiences of dental care. Survivors wish to access dental care but tailored support is needed to ameliorate reminders of abuse and traumatic stress triggers. Trauma-informed care may address difficulties with treatment if dental staff adopt flexible approaches and work collaboratively with survivors to facilitate relational safety. (Please note, in this paper, 'survivors' refers to those sexually abused as children).
Knockdown of METTL16 disrupts learning and memory by reducing the stability of MAT2A mRNA
Authors: Zhang Runjiao , Zhang Yizhou , Guo Fangzhen , Huang Guannan , Zhao Yan , Chen Bingyu , Wang Chang , Cui Chengran , Shi Yichun , Li Sha , Cui Huixian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is abundant in the mammalian brain and is considered to have a wide range of effects on learning and memory. Here, we found that the upregulated methyltransferase-like protein 16 (METTL16) in the hippocampal tissues of Morris water maze (MWM)-trained mice contributed to improved memory formation and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Mechanismly, METTL16 promoted the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) by the m6A methylation of the MAT2A mRNA-3′UTR-end to increase its stability, and this involved in improving hippocampal global m6A levels, plasticity of dendritic spine, learning and memory. This study provides a new perspective to explore the regulatory mechanisms of m6A for learning and memory.
Structural mechanism of SGLT1 inhibitors
Authors: Niu Yange , Cui Wenhao , Liu Rui , Wang Sanshan , Ke Han , Lei Xiaoguang , Chen Lei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSodium glucose co-transporters (SGLT) harness the electrochemical gradient of sodium to drive the uphill transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. Human SGLT1 (hSGLT1) plays a key role in sugar uptake from food and its inhibitors show promise in the treatment of several diseases. However, the inhibition mechanism for hSGLT1 remains elusive. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the hSGLT1-MAP17 hetero-dimeric complex in the presence of the high-affinity inhibitor LX2761. LX2761 locks the transporter in an outward-open conformation by wedging inside the substrate-binding site and the extracellular vestibule of hSGLT1. LX2761 blocks the putative water permeation pathway of hSGLT1. The structure also uncovers the conformational changes of hSGLT1 during transitions from outward-open to inward-open states.
ESRP1-regulated isoform switching of LRRFIP2 determines metastasis of gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Jihee , Pang Kyoungwha , Kim Junil , Hong Eunji , Lee Jeeyun , Cho Hee Jin , Park Jinah , Son Minjung , Park Sihyun , Lee Minjung , Ooshima Akira , Park Kyung-Soon , Yang Han-Kwang , Yang Kyung-Min , Kim Seong-Jin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough accumulating evidence indicates that alternative splicing is aberrantly altered in many cancers, the functional mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that epithelial and mesenchymal isoform switches of leucine-rich repeat Fli-I-interacting protein 2 (LRRFIP2) regulated by epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) correlate with metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells. We found that expression of the splicing variants of LRRFIP2 was closely correlated with that of ESRP1. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of the mesenchymal isoform of LRRFIP2 (variant 3) dramatically increased liver metastasis of gastric cancer cells, whereas deletion of exon 7 of LRRFIP2 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system caused an isoform switch, leading to marked suppression of liver metastasis. Mechanistically, the epithelial LRRFIP2 isoform (variant 2) inhibited the oncogenic function of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) through interaction. Taken together, our data reveals a mechanism of LRRFIP2 isoform switches in gastric cancer with important implication for cancer metastasis.