bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life in T1DM patients after high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation: data from a pilot clinical trial
Authors: de Souza Ana Carolina Contente Braga , de Oliveira Maria Clara Neres Iunes , de Lemos Gabriela Nascimento , da Silva Emanuele Rocha , de Souza Ícaro José Araújo , da Silva Wanderson Maia , de Alcântara Angélica Leite , Said Nivin Mazen , de Moraes Lorena Vilhena , Neto João Felício Abrahão , dos Passos Simone Rodrigues , Monteiro Ádria Aline Alves , de Queiroz Natércia Neves Marques , de Melo Franciane Trindade Cunha , Felício Karem Miléo , de Souza D’Albuquerque Silva Lilian , Gomes Daniela Lopes , Mourão Neyla Arroyo Lara , Piani Pedro Paulo Freire , Lobato Isabel Jane Campos , Felício João Soares 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) impacts health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Cross-sectional studies suggest that low levels of vitamin D (VD) may impair HRQoL, however, the effect of VD supplementation on quality of life in T1DM patients has not yet been clarified. Our study evaluated the effects of high-dose VD supplementation on HRQoL in T1DM.

Methods
We performed a prospective study with 64 patients receiving cholecalciferol (4000 IU/day for patients with 25-OH-vitamin D [25(OH)D] between 30 and 60 ng/mL, and 10,000 IU/day for those with 25(OH)D below 30 ng/mL) for 12 weeks, as part of a research protocol. HRQoL was assessed with EuroQol instruments (EQ-5D and EQ-VAS).

Results
There was an improvement in global EQ-5D index, and analysing specifically the EQ-5D domains, we observed an improvement in mobility (1.3 ± 0.6 versus 1.1 ± 0.3, p < 0.01). Evaluating possible outcome influencing variables, we detected a reduction in albuminuria at the end of the trial, without changes in BMI, lipids, blood pressure, glycemic control and insulin doses. We found correlations between final albuminuria and the dimensions: mobility (r = 0.6; p < 0.01), personal care (r = 0.7; p < 0.01), pain and discomfort (r = 0.6; p < 0.01) and habitual activities (r = 0.6; p < 0.01), suggesting an association between albuminuria reduction and the impact of VD supplementation on HRQoL.

Conclusion
Our data showed that high doses of cholecalciferol supplementation can improve HRQoL in patients with T1DM, and the reduction of albuminuria seems to be an important factor in this context.
Trial registration: (ISRCTN32601947), 03/06/2017 retrospectively registered.
Risk factors for injuries in female soldiers: a systematic review
Authors: Schram Ben , Canetti Elisa , Orr Robin , Pope Rodney 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Female soldiers form an integral part of any modern defence force. Previous reports have highlighted that female soldiers report injuries at higher rates than male personnel. One possible reason for this is an actual difference in underlying injury rates, purported to be due to several factors, including levels of fitness. The aim of this review was to determine risk factors for injuries in female soldiers.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted for studies which reported on risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Databases searched included PUBMED, CINAHL and Medline through OVID. Eligible studies were rated for their methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tools and data were extracted and synthesized using a critical narrative approach.

Results
A total of 18 articles were included in this review which reported on 18 risk factors for injury. Smoking, previous injury, no history of deployment, heavy occupational tasks, lower levels of aerobic fitness and lower number of push-up repetitions appear to be risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Age, height, body fat, high or low BMI and body mass do not appear to be consistent risk factors for injury in female soldiers and there appears to be minimal evidence for current levels of activity, sit-up ability, and other assessments of strength, power, speed, or movement being associated with injury risk. Additionally, neither flexibility nor previous levels of activity appear to be associated with injury risk in female soldiers.

Conclusion
Strategies to improve aerobic fitness and upper limb endurance, reduce smoking, and optimise rehabilitation from injuries and risk management for heavy occupational tasks need to be developed for female soldiers. Such strategies are also likely to reduce risks for male soldiers.
Association of age-related decrease in intracellular-to-total water ratio with that in explosive strength of the plantar flexors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hirata Kosuke , Iida Natsuki , Kanda Akihiro , Shoji Mikio , Yoshida Tsukasa , Yamada Yosuke , Akagi Ryota 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate the association of age-related differences in the intracellular-to-total water ratio with explosive strength of the plantar flexors.

Methods
A total of 60 young (21–33 years) and older (64–83 years) individuals were recruited. Intracellular- (ICW) and total-water (TW) content within the right leg was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy as indicators of muscle cell mass and whole muscle mass within the segment, respectively. ICW divided by TW (ICW/TW) was calculated as an index of the occupancy of muscle cells within whole muscle. Rate of torque development (RTD) and electromyography (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary isometric plantar flexion were measured as indicators of explosive muscle strength and neuromuscular activity, respectively. RTD was calculated from three time windows of 0–50, 50–100, and 100–200 ms. Time-to-peak torque (TPT) was assessed from evoked twitch contraction.

Results
Compared with young participants, older participants showed lower ICW/TW (−7%, P < 0.001), RTD (−25 to −40%, P = 0.003 to 0.001), and longer TPT (+11%, P < 0.001). ICW/TW associated positively with RTD (r = 0.377 to 0.408, P = 0.004 to 0.001) and negatively with TPT (r = −0.392, P = 0.002), but not with EMG activity. RTD was associated positively with EMG for each time window (r = 0.527 to 0.607, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
These results indicate that ICW/TW may be a useful predictor of the age-related decrease in RTD, and that the decrease in ICW/TW with age may reflect age-associated changes in intrinsic contractile properties.
Small molecules facilitate single factor-mediated sweat gland cell reprogramming
Authors: Ji Shuai-Fei , Zhou Lai-Xian , Sun Zhi-Feng , Xiang Jiang-Bing , Cui Shao-Yuan , Li Yan , Chen Hua-Ting , Liu Yi-Qiong , Gao Huan-Huan , Fu Xiao-Bing , Sun Xiao-Yan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Large skin defects severely disrupt the overall skin structure and can irreversibly damage sweat glands (SG), thus impairing the skin’s physiological function. This study aims to develop a stepwise reprogramming strategy to convert fibroblasts into SG lineages, which may provide a promising method to obtain desirable cell types for the functional repair and regeneration of damaged skin.

Methods
The expression of the SG markers cytokeratin 5 (CK5), cytokeratin 10 (CK10), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Calcium activity analysis was conducted to test the function of induced SG-like cells (iSGCs). Mouse xenograft models were also used to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs. BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into a normal group, SGM treatment group and iSGC transplantation group. Immunocytochemical analyses and starch-iodine sweat tests were used to confirm the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs.

Results
EDA overexpression drove HDF conversion into iSGCs in SG culture medium (SGM). qPCR indicated significantly increased mRNA levels of the SG markers CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, and flow cytometry data demonstrated (4.18 ± 0.04)% of iSGCs were CK5 positive and (4.36 ± 0.25)% of iSGCs were CK18 positive. The addition of chemical cocktails greatly accelerated the SG fate program. qPCR results revealed significantly increased mRNA expression of CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, as well as activation of the duct marker CK10 and luminal functional marker AQP5. Flow cytometry indicated, after the treatment of chemical cocktails, (23.05 ± 2.49)% of iSGCs expressed CK5+ and (55.79 ± 3.18)% of iSGCs expressed CK18+, respectively. Calcium activity analysis indicated that the reactivity of iSGCs to acetylcholine was close to that of primary SG cells [(60.79 ± 7.71)% vs. (70.59 ± 0.34)%, ns]. In vivo transplantation experiments showed approximately (5.2 ± 1.1)% of the mice were sweat test positive, and the histological analysis results indicated that regenerated SG structures were present in iSGCs-treated mice.

Conclusion
We developed a SG reprogramming strategy to generate functional iSGCs from HDFs by using the single factor EDA in combination with SGM and small molecules. The generation of iSGCs has important implications for future in situ skin regeneration with SG restoration.
o-Aminoazotoluene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, which are mutagenic but not carcinogenic in the colon, rapidly induce colonic tumors in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis
Authors: Hakura Atsushi , Koyama Naoki , Seki Yuki , Sonoda Jiro , Asakura Shoji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Several rodent models with chemically induced colon cancer have been developed. Among these models, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a colitis inducer, combined with azoxymethane as a colon mutagenic carcinogen, is commonly used. We previously reported that although benzo [a] pyrene (BP) is mutagenic but not carcinogenic in the colon, it rapidly develops colon tumors at a high incidence/multiplicity after treatment with DSS. In the present study, we examined whether other colon-mutagenic non-carcinogens (CMNCs) induced colon tumors after treatment with DSS.

Results
o-Aminoazotoluene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea were selected as CMNCs. Male CD2F1 mice were orally administered CMNC for 5 consecutive days. After a 9-day dose-free period, mice were treated with 4% DSS in drinking water for 1 week. Three months after DSS treatment, colon samples were collected for histopathology and β-catenin immunohistochemistry analyses. All CMNCs in combination with DSS induced colonic adenocarcinomas at a high incidence/multiplicity in the distal and middle parts of the colon, coinciding with the location of colitis. Unlike in normal cells where β-catenin is exclusively located on the cell membrane, in adenocarcinoma cells, it was translocated to both the nucleus and cytoplasm or only to cytoplasm. The translocation of β-catenin is closely associated with colon carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. No colonic tumors or dysplastic lesions were found after exposure to either CMNC or DSS alone.

Conclusion
We provided further evidence clearly showing that CMNCs can rapidly induce colonic tumors in mice with DSS-induced colitis, even if they are not colonic carcinogens.
"Perils of Prussianism": Main Street German America, Local Autonomy, and the Great War
Authors: Gross Stephen J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Scholars have recognized World War I as a time of crisis for German Americans. The government’s campaign against the "hyphen" and for 100 percent Americanism threatened all ethnic Americans but especially those of German descent. This essay examines the wartime events in two rural German Catholic communities in central Minnesota and asserts the power of local culture to shape the communities’ response to the nativism unleashed by the war. More specifically, the war exacerbated pre-existing conflict between area farmers and members of the village merchant class. This played out politically. Merchants were supportive of the loyalty campaign and tried to control its impact, while area farmers broke from a tradition of antipathy to populist politics and rushed to join the newly established Nonpartisan League. These differences expressed conflicting material interests, but they also reflected a growing community-wide debate over the meaning of local identity and the content of local culture. That the merchant class failed during the war to challenge significantly the communities’ island status--indeed the merchants’ own interests precluded a closer alliance with the larger national community--speaks to the tenacity of ethnic culture in the countryside and its ability to support resistance to larger hegemonic forces.
A Tale of Three Land Grants on the Northern California Borderlands
Authors: Vaught David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This essay examines three classic Mexican land grants along Putah Creek in the lower Sacramento Valley--Rio de los Putos, Los Putos, and Laguna de Santos Callé. The first was confirmed rather routinely, the second was a "floating" claim, and the third was an out and out fraud. Analyzed together, these three grants complicate our understanding of the northern borderlands, a term rarely applied to the far reaches of Alta California. Anglo and Hispanic grantees fostered a corrupt land grant system and permitted it to persist because it ultimately benefited them--Anglos more than Hispanics, to be sure--but both nonetheless. As demonstrated in the case Brown v. Greene (1884), corruption became institutionalized to such a high degree that adjudication could become impossible. Reluctance to reform the system permeated the cultural borderlands of northern California and in the process left an imprint on the physical borderlands that is still visible today.
Agrarian Changes in the Lower Neretvian Area from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Century
Authors: Faričić Josip , Šiljković Željka , Glamuzina Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Lower Neretvian area is one of the most developed agricultural regions of Croatia. Until the second half of the twentieth century, this was a scarcely populated area with poor inhabitants and undeveloped agriculture. Extensive land cultivation and low production of field crops dominated the economy of the region. The agrarian landscape was formed by a simple system of ditch digging, which helped the local people extend cultivation into the swamp area. In the period of socialist planning and economy before 1990, the government made many attempts at land improvement in this area. These primarily involved the expansion of agricultural areas, intensive land cultivation, and introduction of new field crops. However, agricultural production in the communist period, especially until the mid-1960s, was not market-oriented; therefore problems regarding the management of this big economic potential did not emerge until the transformation of the Croatian economy during the 1990s. These regional problems have much larger social and economic ramifications.
“The Exceeding Joy of Burning”— Pastoralists and the Lucifer Match: Burning the Rangelands of the South Island of New Zealand in the Nineteenth Century, 1850 to 1890
Authors: Peden Robert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The burning of the rangelands of the South Island of New Zealand by pastoralists in the second half of the nineteenth century has been highly contentious. The dogma of "indiscriminate burning" has become so entrenched in New Zealand’s environmental history that critics of burning have felt little need to provide evidence to support their assertions. Critics of tussock burning claimed that it was a catalyst for mass erosion in the hills and mountains of Canterbury. In recent years, scientists have concluded that this was unlikely as much of the erosion predated European settlement. This essay is part of the reappraisal of rangeland burning. It uses archival evidence from station diaries and memoirs to answer the questions of why the pastoralists burned, how often they burned, and when they burned. These sources show that burning was an important management tool and that the burning practices of the runholders in this study were characterized by discrimination.
Tilling Agricultural History with Paul Wallace Gates and James C. Malin
Authors: Bogue Allan G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Paul Wallace Gates was the leading American historian of the public domain during the latter half of the twentieth century and James C. Malin’s ecological approach to the history and environment of the North American grasslands brought important new perspectives to those subjects. As a graduate student, Allan G. Bogue studied with both and here he describes and contrasts their personalities, teaching styles, and interests, as well as the graduate student mores and methods of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Although the processes of graduate student research have changed greatly since then, he believes that the careers of Gates and Malin still carry meaning in the present.
Indigenous Struggles for Land Rights in Twentieth-Century Ecuador
Authors: Becker Marc 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Conflicts on the Zumbahua hacienda in the highlands of the South American country of Ecuador in the 1930s and 1940s present insights into the nature of rural social relations. Both wealthy landholders and Indigenous agricultural workers experimented with discursive elements as they attempted to draw state authorities to their side. Following their debates also inverts the normal view of power relations. The landholder, General Francisco Gómez de la Torre, presented himself as a victim, while his workers used various combinations of class and ethnic discourse to mobilize their base and gain sympathy from outsiders. The failure of government officials to support Gómez de la Torre exposed significant cracks in the ruling structures, which Indigenous workers learned to exploit. These conflicts reveal that the Ecuadorian government was not as hegemonic as is sometimes assumed; it was an arena of competing projects and interests with political officials often at odds with one another. At the same time, subaltern resistance was also not homogeneous, and divisions between Indigenous workers challenge a simplistic picture of a unified counter-hegemonic discourse. As a result, state power formed a showcase for many different groups to present and contest their social and economic interests.
Diversification or De-Agrarianization? Income Diversification, Labor, and Processes of Agrarian Change in Southern and Northern Malawi, Mid–1930s to Mid–1950s
Authors: Green Erik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the links between market-oriented activities and subsistence production among peasant farmers in the Thyolo and Mzimba districts in Malawi from the mid-1930s to the mid-1950s. The two districts were chosen because of their differences in terms of land-labor ratios, quality of soils, and structure of market engagement. Exploring the different paths of agrarian change in these two districts demonstrates that they were dependent on the structure of market engagement and its effects on the supply and flexibility of labor. African agricultural history is best understood when agricultural systems are viewed in connection to the overall economic activities of rural households. More simply put, the dynamics of agrarian change in rural Africa cannot be understood without linking such changes to the wider economy and their impact on local labor processes.
Paradox of Precision: Bright Tobacco as Technology Transfer, 1880–1937
Authors: Hahn Barbara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article compares two episodes of technology transfer in the 1890s: the movement of bright tobacco production technology to south-central Africa with the spread of the crop to eastern North Carolina and South Carolina. It finds similarities in the people who introduced the crop, but significant differences in the methods used to produce it. This is troubling because the type is defined by the cultivation and especially the curing techniques used to produce it; it is also often described in the historical literature as "Virginia tobacco," even when grown elsewhere. The technological differences are the product of different environments, which include not only the climate but also many elements of the technological system beyond immediate human control: the availability and organization of labor, differences in market structures and marketing institutions, and the government incentives provided to buyers. Therefore, this essay takes as its subject the paradox inherent in the official classification of tobacco types regulated by the USDA and argues that varietal types represent a form of market regulation disguised as botanical taxonomy.
"Poorly Co-Ordinated Structures for Public Science That Failed Us in the Past"? Applying Science to Agriculture: A New Zealand Case Study
Authors: Clayton Neil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of applied science in a case study of two aspects of livestock and human poisoning in New Zealand, from the earliest European contact in the 1770s through to the 1950s. It considers the role and value of government science first in attempting to solve a problem that continues to affect New Zealand farmers, killing according to one estimate between 10 and 15 percent of their stock annually. Second, it addresses a related problem that has a much longer history of human poisoning, but that turned out to have quite unexpected causes in New Zealand. From this analysis, the historic bases on which present-day science funding policies were "reformed" in the 1990s are questioned.
"The Horizon Opened up Very Greatly": Leland O. Howard and the Transition to Chemical Insecticides in the United States, 1894-1927
Authors: McWilliams James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The transition to synthetic chemicals as a popular method of insect control in the United States was one of the most critical developments in the history of American agriculture. Historians of agriculture have effectively identified the rise and charted the dominance of early chemical insecticides as they came to define commercial agriculture between the emergence of Paris green in the 1870s and the popularity of DDT in the 1940s and beyond. Less understood, however, are the underlying mechanics of this transition. This article thus takes up the basic question of how farmers and entomologists who were once dedicated to an impressively wide range of insect control options ultimately settled on the promise of a chemically driven approach to managing destructive insects. Central to this investigation is an emphasis on the bureaucratic maneuverings of Leland O. Howard, who headed the Bureau of Entomology from 1894 to 1927. Like most entomologists of his era, Howard was theoretically interested in pursuing a wide variety of control methods--biological, chemical, and cultural included. In the end, however, he employed several tactics to streamline the government’s efforts to almost exclusively support arsenic and lead-based chemical insecticides as the most commercially viable form of insect control. While Howard in no way "caused" the national turn to chemicals, this article charts the pivotal role he played in fostering that outcome.