bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coconut husk-raw clay-Fe composite: preparation, characteristics and mechanisms of Congo red adsorption
Authors: Adebayo Matthew Ayorinde , Jabar Jamiu Mosebolatan , Amoko Justinah Solayide , Openiyi Elijah Ojo , Shodiya Olamide Oladimeji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe release of unspent dyes from industries constitutes hazard and environmental challenges. For rapid and efficient removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions, a composite was prepared from coconut husk, raw clay, Fe(II) and Fe(II) compounds. Adsorption variables (initial pH of the solution, contact time, temperature and initial concentration of Congo red) were varied to understand the characteristics and mechanisms of the adsorption process. The composite was characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)–Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and pH of the point zero charge (pHpzc). The optimal values of the pH, equilibrium time and temperature for adsorption of Congo red by the composite are 2, 40 min and 50 °C, respectively. The kinetic and equilibrium data followed Avrami fractional order and Langmuir models, respectively. A 1.0 g of the composite could maximally take up 1649.3 mg of Congo red at 50 °C. The values of ΔG° are in the range of − 27.901 to − 24.492 kJ mol–1 while the value of ΔH° is − 72.239 kJ mol–1. Hence, the removal of the Congo red by the composite was spontaneous, feasible and exothermic. The adsorption process was biphasic and followed physisorption process. Electrostatic interaction played a significant role in the removal of Congo red by the composite. The combine data in this study have proven that the clay composite, a cheap adsorbent, can be used for remediation of water contaminated with Congo red.
Millimetre-scale magnetocardiography of living rats with thoracotomy
Authors: Arai Keigo , Kuwahata Akihiro , Nishitani Daisuke , Fujisaki Ikuya , Matsuki Ryoma , Nishio Yuki , Xin Zonghao , Cao Xinyu , Hatano Yuji , Onoda Shinobu , Shinei Chikara , Miyakawa Masashi , Taniguchi Takashi , Yamazaki Masatoshi , Teraji Tokuyuki , Ohshima Takeshi , Hatano Mutsuko , Sekino Masaki , Iwasaki Takayuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMagnetocardiography is a contactless imaging modality for electric current propagation in the cardiovascular system. Although conventional sensors provide sufficiently high sensitivity, their spatial resolution is limited to a centimetre-scale, which is inadequate for revealing the intra-cardiac electrodynamics such as rotational waves associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Here, we demonstrate invasive magnetocardiography of living rats at a millimetre-scale using a quantum sensor based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond. The acquired magnetic images indicate that the cardiac signal source is well explained by vertically distributed current dipoles, pointing from the right atrium base via the Purkinje fibre bundle to the left ventricular apex. We also find that this observation is consistent with and complementary to an alternative picture of electric current density distribution calculated with a stream function method. Our technique will enable the study of the origin and progression of various cardiac arrhythmias, including flutter, fibrillation, and tachycardia.
Anomaly recognition method of perception system for autonomous vehicles based on distance metric
Authors: Shao Cuiping , Chen Beizhang , Miao Zujia , Cui Yunduan , Li Huiyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEnvironmental perception system is the premise of the safety and stability of the autonomous vehicle system. However, studies have shown that the on‐board sensors included in the perception system are extremely vulnerable to external attacks and interference, leading to incorrect driving strategies and bringing great security threats. Aiming at the problem, this paper divides the vehicle‐mounted sensors into a positioning group and an identification group according to their role in the perception system. Then, based on the information correlation between sensors in the same group and the information correlation of a single sensor on adjacent time series, the distance metric model between sensors in a group and the distance metric model for each sensor of this group on time series is established. And the normal distance intervals corresponding to the confidence interval are calculated respectively. According to the distance metric model between sensors, the authors can detect anomalies in the perception system in real time. Further, according to the distance metric model for each sensor on adjacent time series, the authors can identify anomaly sensors. The authors’ experimental results quantitatively show that the method achieves real‐time anomaly recognition, and demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the method on the open‐source Karlsruhe institute of technology and toyota technological institute (KITTI) dataset.
Metal-Free Synthesis of Thiocyanated Aminonitroalkenes and 2-Aminothiazoles/selenazoles from β-Aminonitroalkenes and N‑Thio/Selenocyanatosaccharin
Authors: Li Zhong , Yang Hongchen , Chen Yuce , Xu Xiaoyong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA convenient and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of thiocyanated aminonitroalkenes and 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiazoles/selenazoles from β-aminonitroalkenes and N‑thio/selenocyanatosaccharin. This method features simple operation, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, good functional group compatibility, and metal-free characteristics. The broad applications of polysubstituted thiazoles/selenazoles in organic and medicinal chemistry make this protocol much more practical.
State-of-the-Art Advances in Enantioselective Transition-Metal-Mediated Reactions of Silacyclobutanes
Authors: Xu Li-Wen , Huang Wei-Sheng , Wang Qing , Yang Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudies on the enantioselective transformation of silacyclobutanes (SCBs) have become an emerging topic in the recent decade, due to the feature of high ring strain, and manageable Si–C bond cleavage and formation. This short review summarizes the remarkable achievements in the asymmetric transition-metal-mediated reaction of silacyclobutanes and benzosilacyclobutanes, resulting in carbon- or silicon-stereogenic organosilanes with functional substituents. 1	Introduction2	Asymmetric Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Ring Expansion Reaction3	Asymmetric Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reaction4	Conclusion and Outlook
Audit on Sepsis Management
Authors: Varghese Jerin Mathew 
Published: August 2022

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the compliance of sepsis management as per standard guidelines and intervention as per surviving sepsis criteria hour bundle and to assess bedside screening for sepsis by comparative analysis of two standard methods (systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] and quick sequential organ failure assessment [qSOFA]).

Methodology
A single-center review on 53 patients conceded through emergency department (ED) with sepsis as a finding during the period from July 2020 to December 2020. A benchmark group was utilized for relative investigation. Significant information was collected for examination from the electronic records and from the clinical records.

Results
ED showed great consistency in triaging septic patients and in starting time-basic administration of patients whenever sepsis is perceived. The SIRS rules ordered 39 patients as septic with 73.5% affectability and particularity of 66%, while qSOFA characterized just five patients as septic with 9.3% affectability and explicitness of 92%.

Conclusion
The ED had great consistency in triaging patients by recording their vitals and mental status.

Intercession of patients with sepsis acknowledgment, for example, estimating introductory lactate levels, getting blood culture and sensitivity, administrating intravenous (IV) antimicrobials, IV liquids, and vasopressors when required and once again estimating lactate showed consistency according to standard rules
In view of the review investigation of septic patients, qSOFA performs ineffectively in contrast with SIRS as an underlying indicative instrument for patients introduced to ED who might have sepsis.
Indocyanine Green-Based Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in a Male Infant with Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Paraboschi Irene , Privitera Laura , Loukogeorgakis Stavros , Giuliani Stefano 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReconstructive techniques for complex anorectal malformations (ARMs) require intestinal pull-through on vascular pedicles. Traditionally, the visual inspection of the intestinal perfusion is the sole modality adopted to assess tissue viability.In this article, we report the case of a child with a rectourethral prostatic fistula, who had a Peña's descending colostomy with distal mucous fistula in the neonatal period and a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty at 6 months of life. The ARM repair was guided by indocyanine green (ICG), which was intravenously administered to evaluate the blood flow of the intestinal pull-through using the EleVision IR system (Medtronic Ltd, U.K.). ICG-based fluorescence-guided surgery helped to define the proximal resection margin, impacting intraoperative decision making, and no postoperative complications occurred.We envisage that this technology will become part of the armory of pediatric surgeons soon, by reducing the risk of intra- and postoperative complications.
Basis-Anforderungen einer Fachabteilung für Herzchirurgie
Authors: Gummert Jan , Beckmann Andreas , Bauer Adrian , Heinemann Markus , Markewitz Andreas , Falk Volkmar , Boening Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe evolution and progress in cardiovascular medicine and substantial changes in the German health care system require both a reflection of the principles of patient-centered care in general and an update of the criteria that define a department of cardiac surgery in Germany. This position paper lists the core requirements for a cardiac surgical department with regard to infrastructure, facilities, necessary staff, and standard of care (processes). This standard may be used by hospitals and health care providers to ensure the safety and quality of cardiac surgical departments in Germany.
Strategies to Reduce the Cost of Medical Education in India: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh R. , Shrivastava Prateek S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background The global population is being plagued by several diseases and health conditions, and this calls for the need to adopt a strategy to enable people from all socioeconomic backgrounds to have the freedom and choice to opt for a medical profession as their career. The purpose of the current review is to explore the reasons which make medical education expensive and identify the strategies by which the cost of medical education can be minimized.
Methods An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was performed on the PubMed search engine and web site of the National Medical Commission. Relevant research articles focusing on costs in medical education published in the period 2005 to 2021 were included in the review. A total of 37 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include medical education and cost in the title alone only.
Results We have to accept the fact that medical education is quite expensive and that's not the case with one nation but the trend is worldwide. It is the need of the hour to plan and implement strategies that make medical training accessible and available to people from all socioeconomic classes and regardless of other variables.
Conclusion In conclusion, the process of training medical students is expensive and accounts for a wide range of impacts on the medical aspirants. Thus, there is an indispensable need for the policy makers and the concerned stakeholders to join their hands together and take appropriate steps to minimize the overall cost of medical training, and thereby making it affordable to everyone.
Imaging Features of Soft Tissue Tumor Mimickers: A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Bhangle Devanshi S. , Sun Kevin , Wu Jim S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoft tissue lesions are commonly encountered and imaging is an important diagnostic step in the diagnosis and management of these lesions. While some of these lesions are true neoplasms, others are not. These soft tissue tumor mimickers can be due to a variety of conditions including traumatic, iatrogenic, inflammatory/reactive, infection, vascular, and variant anatomy. It is important for the radiologist and clinician to be aware of these common soft tissue tumor mimickers and their characteristic imaging features to avoid unnecessary workup and provide the best treatment outcome.
Digital single-photon-avalanche-diode arrays for time-of-flight Thomson scattering diagnostics
Authors: Salzmann Hans , Nielsen Per , Gowers Chris 
Published: August 2022

The collection optics of Thomson scattering systems for plasma devices are designed with maximum possible étendue to keep the required laser energy low. If the spatial resolution along the laser beam is performed by a time-of-flight method, then the detectors, in addition to a large sensitive area, must offer a high frequency bandwidth. Up until now, only microchannel-plate photomultipliers meet these requirements. Here, we investigate the potential use of digital avalanche photodiode arrays operated in the Geiger mode as alternative detectors. In this mode of operation, each array will serve as a fast, sensitive detector. The use of these detectors will lead to significant improvements of the Thomson scattering diagnostic. Most important of these will be a better spatial resolution, down to about 2 cm without deconvolution. Furthermore, the lifetime of the detectors will be increased; the detectors will cover the whole blue wing of the scattered spectrum when using a single wavelength laser, and this will enable measurements of electron temperature and density profiles at kHz repetition rates.
Using a Au/pitted a-plane GaN substrate to aggregate polar molecules for highly efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Ko Tsung-Shine , Kuo Kai-Yuan 
Published: August 2022

Searching for efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates remains a challenge. In this study, we used metal–organic chemical vapor deposition to directly grow a pitted a-plane GaN thin film, subsequently covered by a thin Au layer (∼25 nm), for use as a SERS substrate, without the need for any additional etching or lithography process. The SERS substrate containing these micrometer-sized pits provided a low limit of detection (∼10−9 M) for Rhodamine 6G (R6G), with a high enhancement factor (4.27 × 108) relative to normal Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, Raman spectral mapping indicated that most of the R6G molecules were concentrated in the pits, enhancing the localization of the probe molecules for further analysis. The same molecular localization phenomenon was also effective for polar methylene blue but not for nonpolar paraffin. The molecular aggregation became more ambiguous upon increasing the thickness of the Au layer, suggesting that the polarity of the Ga and N atoms in the pits was responsible for the efficient aggregation of the polar R6G molecules, which could be potentially beneficial for biomedical detection.
A history of the Basque prosodic systems
Authors: Egurtzegi Ander , Elordieta Gorka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents new proposals for the reconstruction of Proto-Basque accentuation, as well as the development and chronology of the main accentual systems of the modern dialects, grounded in phonetic, historical and typological evidence. It is the first attempt to reconstruct Basque accentuation from a pre-Roman stage to the dialectalization that followed Common Basque. We suggest that Old Proto-Basque had prosodic prominence in the root, i.e., [(C)V.'CVC]. This system evolved into phrase-level prominence in Modern Proto-Basque, giving rise to unaccentedness in non-phrase final positions, with marked stress only introduced later, through Latin loanwords (2nd–3rd century CE). This would become the common system, which still persists in the west. Not long after the dialectification, word-level systems developed in non-western areas, first as peninitial and then as penultimate stress (in eastern dialects). Finally, we propose that the Goizueta prosodic system can be derived from the Central system, which is an alternative view toHualde (in press).
Contrasting signed and spoken languages
Authors: Gabarró-López Sílvia , Meurant Laurence 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor years, the study of spoken languages, on the basis of written and then also oral productions, was the only way to investigate the human language capacity. As an introduction to this first volume ofLanguages in Contrastdevoted to the comparison of spoken and signed languages, we propose to look at the reasons for the late emergence of the consideration of signed languages and multimodality in language studies. Next, the main stages of the history of sign language research are summarized. We highlight the benefits of studying cross-modal and multimodal data, as opposed to the isolated investigation of signed or spoken languages, and point out the remaining methodological obstacles to this approach. This contextualization prefaces the presentation of the outline of the volume.
Loss mechanisms of multi-frequency whispering gallery mode RF-MEMS resonators
Authors: Liu Wenli , Chen Zeji , Lu Yujie , Zhao Junyuan , Zhu Yinfang , Yang Jinling , Yang Fuhua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This work investigates the dominant loss mechanisms of the multi-frequency whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators theoretically and experimentally, which provides a deep understanding about the working principles of the devices and guidance on their high-end applications. For the first time, the distinct Akhiezer damping (AKE) effects on various order WGMs were comprehensively clarified. At atmosphere, the air damping, which is conventionally expected to be negligible in high-order bulk acoustic wave (BAW) modes, is nonnegligible for all the WGMs. In vacuum, substantial Q enhancements more than two times were obtained. The high-order WGMs benefit more f × Q improvement from the high vacuum than the low-order ones, achieving a promising f × Q product of 1.16 × 1013. What’s more, the Q dynamics over a wide temperature range were characterized, which matched well with the theoretical analysis. The AKE is comparable with anchor loss in low-order modes, while it becomes dominated in the high-order ones. Therefore, the high-order WGMs exhibit higher Q enhancements at cryogenic temperatures. An excellent f × Q product up to 5.91 × 1013 was implemented at 7 K.
Switchable triple plasmon-induced transparency in graphene sandwich metamaterial structures
Authors: Li Junyi , Weng Jun , Li Jiaqi , Chen Shuxian , Guo Zicong , Xu Pengbai , Liu Wenjie , Wen Kunhua , Qin Yuwen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this research, a metamaterial structure composed of graphene sandwich structure is put forward to achieve triple plasmon-induced transparency. This phenomenon is generated by bright–bright modes interaction in the proposed structure, and the results calculated though couple mode theory are consistent with the simulation ones using finite difference time domain method. In addition, the effects of graphene Fermi level and scattering rate on the transmission spectrum are also discussed. It is found that the five-fold switching effects are achieved with the modulation depths (MDs) of 92%, 91%, 95%, 90% and 94%, respectively. What is more, the different graphene strip can also be adjusted by changing Fermi levels to achieve the switching effects with the MDs of 98% and 97%. This model has the prospect to be applied in multi-functional modulators and optical switches in terahertz band.
Evidence for topological features in the electronic and phononic bands of ZGeSb (Z = Hf, Zr, Ti) class of compounds
Authors: G Rishi , V Anusree C , Kanchana V 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nontrivial topological properties in materials have been found in either the electronic or the phononic bands, but they have seldom been shown in both for a compound. With the aid of first-principle calculations, our paper attempts to find topological features in the electron and phonon band structures of ZGeSb (Z = Hf, Zr, Ti) class of compounds. The electron band structure exhibits two nodal rings in each of these compounds. Furthermore, drumhead surface states (DSS) have also been shown. The phonon band structure depicts one nodal ring in each of these compounds. DSS is also seen in the phonon surface states. Layering possibility has also been explored in HfGeSb, which admits a nodal ring each in its electronic and phononic band structure. Finally, these compounds (bulk and mono-layer) possess Dirac points robust to spin–orbit coupling effects, with at least one such Dirac point with its linear dispersion extending to the Fermi energy. Therefore, these compounds fall under the topological nodal line metals class, which is rarely seen in materials. These compounds’ theoretical nontrivial topological nature in their electronic and phononic band structure provides a profound grasp of electronic and phononic nodal-line physics and is a good candidate for experimental verification. The existence of Dirac points close to the Fermi level could also motivate one to look for extreme magnetoresistance in these compounds. Moreover, given their largely metallic nature, these compounds become an excellent arena for novel device applications.
Parallel adversarial feature learning and enhancement of feature discriminability for fault diagnosis of a planetary gearbox under time-varying speed conditions
Authors: Zhao Chuan , Zhang Yinglin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The intelligent fault diagnosis of a planetary gearbox under variable speed is still a challenging topic. Due to the similar spectrum structure, overlapping features occur and result in decreasing diagnosis accuracy. Autoencoder-based methods can extract features adaptively but few studies have proposed approaches to enhance the discriminability of features from different classes under variable speeds. Besides, the adverse variability of encoder weights may result in an adverse effect on the decoder. Adversarially learned inference (ALI) trains the encoder and decoder independently, but it is time-consuming to reach Nash equilibrium. To address the issues, a parallel adversarial learning inference (PALI) model is proposed, which aims at validating the parallel training of encoder and decoder and enhancing the discriminability of features. Specifically, time-frequency analysis is utilized to reveal the time-varying characteristics of raw signals and obtain time-frequency images as input for the encoder. Then, an explicit multi-dimensional uniform distribution is used for the merit of a simple probability density function to construct visualized and well-classified samples as input for the decoder. After that, a parallel adversarial game is explored to train the encoder and decoder simultaneously and independently, which will reduce computing interference and make the extracted features similar to the well-classified samples and reconstruct the raw signals. Finally, a Softmax classifier is trained and tested by the features. This method and its generability are validated via a planetary gearbox data set and a public bearing data under variable speed. The results indicate that the proposed parallel adversarial game is valid for training encoder and decoder independently, and that PALI works as well as the adversarial autoencoder (AAE) and outperforms ALI, the variational autoencoder (VAE) in obtaining well-clustered features over different training data. Compared to Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT), PALI based on short-time Fourier transformation (STFT) works better over different training data.