bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytogeographical origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition
Authors: Barros Fernanda de V. , Bittencourt Paulo L. , Eller Cleiton B. , Signori‐Müller Caroline , Meireles Leonardo D. , Oliveira Rafael S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) have unique climatic conditions, which allow the coexistence of plant lineages with different phytogeographical origins from tropical versus temperate climates. Future climate projections suggest TMCFs will be subjected to increasing drought stress due to fog uplift and higher temperatures, possibly leading to tree mortality and local extinctions, and consequently changes in forest composition and functioning. Characterizing community functional composition, trade‐offs among traits and the drivers of community assembly is of utmost importance to improve our capacity to predict the response of montane plant communities to forecast climate change.

Here, we aimed to test whether species from different phytogeographical origins (i.e. tropical – evergreen × deciduous − and temperate) differ in drought vulnerability and how the coexistence of these groups change the hydraulic composition of TMCFs. We used a framework based on measurements of key hydraulic traits (i.e. xylem embolism resistance, hydraulic safety margin, stomata control, turgor loss point, minimum water potential) of 16 dominant species (>70% of the forest basal area) within a TMCF in the Atlantic Rain Forest Domain in southeast Brazil. We used community‐weighted means to model whether removing each species group would change the community hydraulic functional composition.

Temperate, tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen groups differ in their hydraulic functioning and these differences explain forest functional composition and taxa dominance. Temperate and tropical deciduous taxa were consistently more vulnerable hydraulically (i.e. lower safety margins and embolism resistance). The coexistence of different phytogeographical lineages is a key determinant of TMCF hydraulic composition. We also used models including phylogeny to evaluate the variation of hydraulic traits across phytogeographical groups, and the results suggest some niche conservatism associated with plant hydraulic functioning.

Our results provide evidence of the importance of species phytogeographical origin on TMCF functioning, and niche conservatism in the evolution of hydraulic traits. The higher drought vulnerability observed in temperate group might be a mechanistic explanation for the restriction of temperate taxa distribution to wetter places during past colder and drier climate. Thus, we suggest hydraulic functional traits may be useful to predict future dynamics of TMCFs under changing climatic conditions.
First report on generalized pollination systems in Melastomataceae for the Andean páramos
Authors: Manrique Valderrama Naisla , Varassin Isabela Galarda , Passos Luan Salles , Morales Puentes María Eugenia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMelastomataceae is a megadiverse family with records of transitions from specialized to generalized pollination systems for several species. These transitions are associated with the colonization of new, unpredictable and/or impoverished pollinator habitats or habitats where specialized pollinators are scarce (e.g., in highland environments). The bee species diversity is low in highlands. Therefore, autonomous breeding systems such as apomixis and self‐pollination emerge in these environments. In this paper, we studied the floral traits associated with the generalization of pollination systems and registered the floral visitors of two species in the Colombian Andes: Miconia cataractae and M. elaeoides. We investigated the breeding system of M. elaeoides. Both species presented small flowers, short anthers of medium pore size, and nectar‐producing stomata on the base of the anthers. Miconia cataractae produced an average of 1.62 μl nectar/flower, a sugar concentration of 6.78%, whereas M. elaeoides produced 0.09 μl nectar/flower, a sugar concentration of 6.13%. We recorded a wide diversity of pollinators for both species, mainly insects from the orders Hymenoptera and Diptera. Miconia elaeoides presented a mixed breeding system and was also capable of setting fruits by apomixis. We conclude that flower and anther morphology, combined with nectar production, thus represent convergent traits resulting in a generalist pollination system shared by M. cataractae and M. elaeoides. Here, we presented the first generalist pollination system recorded for Miconia (and the Melastomataceae) in the Andes, the first report for a species from the small‐pored section Amblyarrhena, and the first report for a species from the large‐pored section Cremanium in Colombia.
Implications of internalised ableism for the health and wellbeing of disabled young people
Authors: Jóhannsdóttir Ásta , Egilson Snæfríður Þóra , Haraldsdóttir Freyja 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhen conceptualising health and wellbeing among disabled people, the experience of internalised ableism must be considered. In this article, we argue that internalised ableism is indeed a health and wellbeing issue that materialises in numerous complex psychological, social and physical consequences. For theoretical grounding, we utilise critical disability studies, feminist theorising about solidarity and disability activists’ concept of ‘disability justice’. We draw on data from focus‐group interviews with disabled young people, comprising ten men and eleven women, with different impairment types. The focus‐group discussions revolve around various aspects of their wellbeing and participation in society, and possible and actual threats to the wellbeing of disabled children and young people in general. The analysis reflects various negative effects of internalised ableism on the identity, health and wellbeing of disabled young people. Family support, access to safer spaces and positive peer interactions are factors defining how internalised ableism develops, is maintained or defied. Peer support and solidarity are strong indicators of promoting healing from internalised ableism. We argue that disability scholars need to address the health and wellbeing of disabled people in an ableist world.
“How you keep going”: Voluntary sector practitioners' story‐lines as emotion work
Authors: Quinn Kaitlyn , Tomczak Philippa , Buck Gillian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe voluntary sector acts as the last line of defense for some of the most marginalized people in societies around the world, yet its capacities are significantly reduced by chronic resource shortages and dynamic political obstacles. Existing research has scarcely examined what it is like for voluntary sector practitioners working amidst these conditions. In this paper, we explore how penal voluntary sector practitioners across England and Scotland marshaled their personal and professional resources to “keep going” amidst significant challenges. Our analysis combines symbolic interactionism with the concept of story‐lines. We illuminate the narratives that practitioners mobilized to understand and motivate their efforts amidst the significant barriers, chronic limitations, and difficult emotions brought forth by their work. We position practitioners' story‐lines as a form of emotion work that mitigated their experiences of anger, frustration, overwhelm, sadness, and disappointment, enabling them to move forward and continue to support criminalized individuals. Our analysis details three story‐lines—resignation, strategy, and refuge—and examines their consequences for practitioners and their capacities to intervene in wicked social problems.
“This is a political movement, friend”: Why “incels” support violence
Authors: O'Donnell Catharina , Shor Eran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHow do members of extremist groups think about violence conducted by individual members on the group's behalf? We examine the link between extremism‐motivated violence and extremist groups through a case study of misogynist incels, a primarily online community of men who lament their lack of sexual success with women. To learn how misogynist incels talk about mass violence committed by members of their group, we conduct a qualitative content analysis of 3,658 comments relating to the 2018 Toronto van attack, in which self‐declared incel Alek Minassian drove a van into pedestrians, killing 10 and injuring 16. We find overwhelming support among self‐proclaimed incels for the attack and violence more generally. Incels viewed mass violence as instrumental, serving the following four main purposes: garnering increased attention, exacting revenge, reinforcing masculinity, and generating political change. Our findings indicate the need to examine misogynist incels as a potential terrorist group and male supremacism as a basis for terrorism.
The disabling effects of enabling social policies on organisations’ human capital development practices for women
Authors: Reichel Astrid , Lazarova Mila , Apospori Eleni , Afiouni Fida , Andresen Maike , Bosak Janine , Parry Emma , Bagdadli Silvia , Briscoe Jon P. , Gianecchini Martina , Suzanne Pamela , Taniguchi Mami 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPaid parental leave and externally provided childcare are social policies designed to enhance parents' labour force participation. These policies influence not only men's and women's decisions regarding their labour market activity but also organisational decision makers' (ODMs) expectations about their employees' availability to work and thus, their willingness to invest in their employees' human capital. Using a sample of over 13,000 individuals from 19 countries, we investigate the interaction between gender and social policies on human capital development practices. In line with statistical discrimination theory, which suggests that ODMs hold different expectations about female and male productivity, we find that paid parental leave and externally provided childcare are negatively associated with the provision of human capital development for women but not for men.
Quality of life, community integration, service needs and clinical outcomes of people with traumatic brain injury in urban, regional and remote areas of Queensland, Australia
Authors: Hennessy Maria , Sullivan Karen A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo understand and explore the traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes for people returning to urban versus rural communities post‐injury, and if geographical location plays a role in those outcomes.DesignCross‐sectional mail‐out survey of TBI patients, using standardised, quantitative measures.SettingData were drawn from three Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) areas in Queensland to model the contribution of these areas and other factors to TBI outcomes.ParticipantsUsing hospital records, 662 people with mild to severe TBI were identified. These people were sent a survey, postdischarge. Usable surveys were returned by 91 individuals, 6‐ to 18‐months post‐injury. Location was coded using the ARIA (urban n = 22, rural n = 43, remote n = 26).Main Outcome MeasuresTBI‐related symptoms, quality of life, service obstacles, unmet needs, mental health and community integration.ResultsNo group differences in TBI outcomes due to location were found. While the participant’s gender, age, and injury severity were significant independent predictors of five of the six outcomes, location did not play a role.ConclusionConsistent with previous findings, geographical remoteness did not affect self‐reported TBI outcomes. Older people, women and those with severe TBI had worse outcomes and required additional supports, and men require community integration assistance. An Australia‐wide study with regular follow‐ups is strongly recommended to support direct regional comparisons and improve service planning.
Effectiveness of patient activation interventions on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Shnaigat Mahmmoud , Downie Sue , Hosseinzadeh Hassan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Although there is currently no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the available self‐management strategies can result in improving the symptoms, slowing the disease progression, reducing the frequency of acute exacerbations, improving the patients’ quality of life and minimising health care utilisation‐associated costs. Patient activation is often considered an essential driver of self‐management; however, there are contradictory evidence about its impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management.ObjectiveThis review aims to fill this gap by collating the available evidence on the effectiveness of patient activation‐driven chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management interventions.MethodsDatabases including MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index, Scopus, APA PsychInfo, EMBASE and ScienceDirect were searched for randomised controlled trials of patient activation‐driven chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management interventions between 2004 and July 2020. The search terms included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, self‐management/self‐care and patient activation/patient engagement.FindingsThe initial search resulted in 645 articles, and after reviewing, 10 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our review found that patient activation level had a positive association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management and clinical outcomes, and higher patient activation levels led to better outcomes. The interventions also led to moderate improvements in patient activation level. However, improved patient activation levels did not improve hospitalisation rates, quality of life and mental health.ConclusionOur findings suggest that patient activation can be used as a reliable tool for improving chronic obstructive pulmonary disease self‐management and clinical outcomes; however, it should encompass all aspects of patient activation, especially the emotional aspect.
Inner ear MRI enhancement based on three dimensional‐real IR sequence in patients with Meniere’s disease after intravenous gadolinium injection: Comparison of different doses used and exploration of an appropriate dose
Authors: Chen Wei , Geng Yue , Niu Yue , Lin Naier , Wang Xiaolin , Sha Yan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThree‐dimensional inversion‐recovery sequence with real reconstruction (3D‐real IR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect endolymphatic hydrops of the inner ear. We aimed to explore a appropriate dose for intravenous gadolinium injection.DesignObservational prospective study.SettingTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsWe collected 90 unilateral definite Meniere's disease patients.Main outcome measuresAll enrolled patients were divided into three groups randomly (patients in group A, B and C received gadolinium injection in 1/1.5/2 times doses respectively). After 4 h, inner ear MRI scans were applied.ResultsThe signal intensities of B‐affected ears and C‐affected ears were significantly higher than A‐affected ears (p < .05); however, no difference was found between B‐affected ears and C‐affected ears (p = .267). The same conditions also appeared in the three unaffected‐ear groups. Moreover, the signal intensities of affected‐ear in group A, B and C were significantly higher than that of the corresponding unaffected‐ear groups (p < .05). Besides, the subjective visual evaluation scores of group B and C were significantly better than that of group A (p < .05).ConclusionsIntravenous injection of gadolinium in a single dose may be unbefitting for the inner ear imaging based on 3D‐real IR MRI, both the applications of gadolinium in 1.5 times and double doses can have a good perilymphatic enhancement effect of inner ear. In order to minimise the use of dose for avoiding or mitigating the adverse reactions and renal damage, 1.5 times dose may be preferred in clinical practice.
Safety and effectiveness of do‐it‐yourself artificial pancreas system compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions in combination with free style libre in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Patel Rachel , Crabtree Thomas S. J. , Taylor Nicola , Langeland Linn , Gazis Anastasios (Tasso) , Mendis Buddhike , Wilmot Emma G. , Idris Iskandar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThe use of do‐it‐yourself artificial pancreas systems (DIYAPS) among people with type 1 diabetes is increasing. At present, it is unclear how DIYAPS compares with other technologies such as FreeStyle Libre (FSL) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).The aim of this analysis is to compare safety, effectiveness and quality‐of‐life outcomes of DIYAPS use with the addition of FSL to CSII.MethodData from two large UK hospitals were extracted from the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) DIYAPS and FSL audits. Outcomes included HbA1c, glucose TBR (time‐below‐range), TIR (time‐in‐range), Diabetes Distress Score (DDS), and Gold hypoglycaemia score. Any adverse events were noted. Changes at follow‐up were assessed using paired t‐tests and ANOVA in Stata; TIR/TBR at follow‐up assessed using unpaired t‐tests; chi‐square tests assessed the change in frequency of health utilisation (e.g. hospital admissions).ResultsDIYAPS (n = 35) and FSL+CSII (n = 149) users, with median follow‐up duration of 1.4 (IQR 0.8–2.1) and 1.3 (IQR 0.7–1.8) years, respectively, were included. HbA1c with DIYAPS use changed by −10 mmol/mol [0.9%] (p < 0.001, 95% CI 5, 14 [0.5, 1.3%]) significantly lower (p < 0.001) than in the FSL+CSII group −3 mmol/mol [0.25%] (p < 0.001, 95% CI 1, 4 [0.1, 0.4%]). TIR was higher and TBR was lower in the DIYAPS group. Adverse events were rare in both groups and no significant differences were observed in the frequency of healthcare utilisation.ConclusionDIYAPS use was associated with a lower HbA1c levels, higher TIR and lower TBR compared with FSL+CSII. There was no significant increase in adverse events, although this should be interpreted cautiously given the low numbers of users. Full results from the ABCD DIYAPS audit are awaited.
Quantitative assessment of right ventricular size and function with multiple parameters from artificial intelligence‐based three‐dimensional echocardiography: A comparative study with cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Zhu Ying , Bao Yuwei , Zheng Kangchao , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jun , Sun Ruiying , Deng Youbin , Xia Liming , Liu Yani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to explore the validation and the diagnostic value of multiple right ventricle (RV) volumes and functional parameters derived from a novel artificial intelligence (AI)‐based three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) algorithm compared to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).Methods and resultsA total of 51 patients with a broad spectrum of clinical diagnoses were finally included in this study. AI‐based RV 3DE was performed in a single‐beat HeartModel mode within 24 hours after CMR. In the entire population, RV volumes and right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) measured by AI‐based 3DE showed statistically significant correlations with the corresponding CMR analysis (p < 0.05 for all). However, the Bland‐Altman plots indicated that these parameters were slightly underestimated by AI‐based 3DE. Based on CMR derived RVEF < 45% as RV dysfunction, end‐systolic volume (ESV), end‐systolic volume index (ESVi), stroke volume (SV), and RVEF showed great diagnostic performance in identifying RV dysfunction, as well as some non‐volumetric parameters, including tricuspid annular systolic excursion (TAPSE), fractional area change (FAC), and free‐wall longitudinal strains (LS) (p < 0.05 for all). The cutoff value was 43% for RVEF with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 67%.ConclusionAI‐based 3DE could provide rapid and accurate quantitation of the RV volumes and function with multiple parameters. Both volumetric and non‐volumetric measurements derived from AI‐based 3DE contributed to the identification of the RV dysfunction.
Incidental detection of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and coronary abnormality in a patient with penetrating chest trauma
Authors: Jalili Shahandashti Farshad , Saedi Sedigheh , Pouraliakbar Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAortic sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is a rare congenital or acquired anomaly with a potential for rupture into adjacent cardiac chambers. Ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva leads to volume overload of the receiving chamber and should be repaired as soon as the diagnosis is made. Here, we present a young patient with history of chest trauma leading to discovery of an asymptomatic ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm.
The role of corporate taxes in the decline of the startup rate
Authors: Neira Julian , Singhania Rish 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe US has experienced a joint decline in corporate tax rates and startup rates in recent decades. We study how changes in corporate taxes affect startup rates in a firm dynamics model with occupational choice. A change in profit taxes has ambiguous effects on firm selection, and therefore on the startup rate. Quantitatively, the observed fall in US corporate tax rates generates, at most, one‐fifth of the startup rate decline. Sensitivity analysis suggests that this number is best interpreted as an upper bound, indicating that corporate taxes did not play a major role in the startup rate decline.
Pain severity scores for common equine disorders as provided by horse owners and equine veterinarians
Authors: Sellon Debra C. , Sanz Macarena , Kopper Jamie J. , Mattei Debora 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundUnderstanding factors influencing assessment of pain in horses will facilitate communication between veterinarians and horse owners.ObjectivesTo compare estimates of pain experienced by horses as provided by veterinarians and horse owners and to determine factors associated with individuals who perceive horses to be experiencing extreme pain or minimal pain.Study designCross‐sectional study.MethodsInternet‐based questionnaires for horse owners and veterinarians included items related to recognition of pain in horses, estimated degree of pain experienced by horses, and demographic information. Variables associated with perception of a high or low degree of pain were investigated using logistic regression analyses.ResultsFinal data sets included responses from 553 horse owners and 263 veterinarians. Pain scores varied widely and differences in median scores from horse owners and veterinarians were small. Horse owners providing high pain ratings were more likely to have <10 horses (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1‐3.5) and to not have a college degree (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0‐2.2). Those providing low pain ratings were less likely to own <10 horses (OR = 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4‐0.9). Veterinarians providing high pain ratings were more likely to be employed in a mixed animal practice (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3‐5.9) and to lack board‐certification in a veterinary specialty (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1‐4.2). Veterinarians providing low pain ratings were more likely to be male (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.3‐4.2).Main limitationsThe respondent population may be biased because of the method of questionnaire distribution and associated sampling bias. Respondents were primarily from the United States.ConclusionsAssessments of the degree of pain horses are experiencing vary widely among horse owners and equine veterinarians.