bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marital Histories and Associations With Later-Life Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Risk in the HUNT4 70+ Study in Norway
Authors: Skirbekk Vegard , Bowen Catherine E. , Håberg Asta , Jugessur Astanand , Engdahl Bo , Bratsberg Bernt , Zotcheva Ekaterina , Selbæk Geir , Kohler Hans-Peter , Weiss Jordan , Harris Jennifer R. , Tom Sarah E. , Krokstad Steinar , Stern Yaakov , Strand Bjørn Heine 
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Earlier studies suggest that being married in later life protects against dementia, and that being single in old age increases the risk of dementia. In this study, we examine midlife marital status trajectories and their association with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at ages 70 plus using a large population based sample from Norway. Methods: Based on a general population sample linked to population registries ( N = 8706), we used multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between six types of marital trajectories (unmarried, continuously divorced, intermittently divorced, widowed, continuously married, intermittently married) between age 44 and 68 years from national registries and a clinical dementia or a MCI diagnosis after age 70. We estimated relative risk ratios (RRR) and used mediation analyses adjusting for education, number of children, smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes, mental distress, and having no close friends in midlife. Inverse probability weighting and multiple imputations were applied. The population attributable fraction was estimated to assess the potential reduction in dementia cases due to marital histories. Results: Overall, 11.6% of the participants were diagnosed with dementia and 35.3% with MCI. Dementia prevalence was lowest among the continuously married (11.2%). Adjusting for confounders, the risk of dementia was higher for the unmarried (RRR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.40), continuously divorced (RRR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.43), and intermittently divorced (RRR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.06) compared to the continuously married. In general, marital trajectory was less associated with MCI than with dementia. In the counterfactual scenario, where all participants had the same risk of receiving a dementia diagnosis as the continuously married group, there would be 6.0% fewer dementia cases. Discussion: Our data confirm that staying married in midlife is associated with a lower risk of dementia and that divorced people account for a substantial share of dementia cases.
Low Rates of Grief and Bereavement Support Pre- and Post-Death for Those Who Died Within 72 hours of Admission to a Quaternary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Katz Naomi T. , Coleman Chloe , Corbett Cathy 
Published: November 2022

Grief and bereavement support are crucial to good palliative and end-of-life care. Support models differ between and within services. In addition, while patient and family needs vary based on risk and resilience factors, acute or unexpected death is associated with complicated grief. Our study was a retrospective review of 159 patients who died within 72 hours of hospital admission. We found a high proportion of unexpected and traumatic deaths and low grief and bereavement support rates. Further work is needed to streamline policies to optimize patient and family-centred grief and bereavement support in the acute hospital setting.
Assessing Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Severity as a Function of Maternal Buprenorphine Dose and Umbilical Cord Tissue Concentrations
Authors: Rana Divya , McLeod Allison R. , Gaston Piyamas K. , Hill David M. , Pourcyrous Massroor 
Published: November 2022

Background: Infants born to mothers with opioid use disorder (OUD) and prenatally treated with buprenorphine have a significantly lower incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), its treatment duration, and hospital length of stay compared with methadone. However, risk of NOWS remains and clinicians continue to lack an objective methodology to predict NOWS severity among these infants. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between buprenorphine exposure, umbilical cord tissue (UCT) concentrations, and NOWS development and severity. Methods: A single-center retrospective observational cohort study from March 2018 through June 2020 of newborns exposed to buprenorphine in utero. Associations between quantified buprenorphine exposure, neonatal UCT concentrations, NOWS diagnosis, and severity were made using regression analyses. Results: A total of 24 mothers and 25 neonates were included. Length of maternal buprenorphine therapy (months) positively correlated to norbuprenorphine ( r2 = 0.234, P = 0.019) and buprenorphine + norbuprenorphine UCT concentrations ( r2 = 0.203, P = 0.031). A positive relationship was seen between active metabolite concentrations and cumulative morphine dose (mg/kg) for treatment of severe NOWS ( r2 = 0.471, P = 0.007). A 0.36 ng/g buprenorphine + norbuprenorphine UCT (CI = 0.002-0.72, P = 0.049) equated in a 1-point increase in modified peak Finnegan score. Conclusion and Relevance: Buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine UCT concentrations can allow for quantification of in utero fetal exposure and demonstrate an association with a longer duration of exposure with the severity and treatment of NOWS in exposed infants.
Happy cats: stress in cats and their carers associated with outpatient visits to the clinic
Authors: Caney Sarah MA , Robinson Natalie J , Gunn-Moore Danièlle A , Dean Rachel S 
Published: November 2022

Objectives The importance of the effects of stress on cats is well recognised, with visits to the veterinary clinic a common cause of stress. The aim of this study was to explore owners’ experiences of stress, both for themselves and their cat, during veterinary visits, and to gather data on owners’ perception of resources within the clinic to reduce stress in their cats. Methods A questionnaire aimed at cat owners with recent experience of an outpatient visit to the veterinary clinic was developed and distributed. Questions covered demographics; their most recent veterinary visit; their general experience of visits over the past 3 years; measures taken by the clinic to reduce stress; and awareness of the Cat Friendly Clinic programme. There were various question types, with owners often asked to rate stress from 1 (least stressful) to 10 (most stressful). Results A total of 277 respondents gave details about their experience of consultations over the past 3 years. Owners rated the stress of travelling to the clinic, other animals in the waiting room and the consultation itself (all median 6, interquartile range 4–8) as the most stressful elements. Most owners reported gentle methods of removing the cat from their carrier; however, almost a third (n = 81/263; 30.8%) had seen their cat scruffed during a consultation. Cat-only waiting rooms were viewed as the most effective measure to reduce stress in the clinic. Conclusions and relevance Veterinary clinics are already taking steps to address stress in cats, and owners have a good awareness of stress in their cats. Future work should focus on trialling specific interventions to determine their effectiveness in reducing stress in feline patients, and measures currently perceived by owners to be highly effective, such as cat-only waiting rooms, should be used where feasible.
‘Half of who you are’: Parent and child reflections on the emotional experiences of reversing familial language shift
Authors: Little Sabine 
Published: November 2022

Aims and objectives: The study explores the emotional experiences of a mother and son during the re-introduction of the heritage language at age 6, following a 2-year hiatus. In particular, it seeks to highlight the affordances of a collaborative, emotionally sensitive approach to family language policy, with parent and child jointly incorporating and acknowledging aspects of the child’s identity development. Methodology: Adopting an autoethnographic approach, mother and son kept a joint research diary where critical incidents (as chosen by either one or both) were written down as verbatim as possible, and subsequently reflected on together, with reflections again entered into the diary. Data and analysis: Data were coded according to various emotions (frustration, pride, joy, love, guilt, etc.) as well as a code linked to identity development. These were then thematically analysed. Findings and conclusion: Parent–child collaboration and facilitation of child agency have a positive impact on a child’s attitude towards learning the heritage language. Jointly sharing and reflecting on the emotional journey of growing up bilingual and bringing up a bilingual child affords both parent and child an insight into each other’s concerns, charting a path towards a collaborative approach to family language policy development. Originality: The study is the first officially documented long-term study focusing on the reversal of familial language shift which provides emotional and language-related data from both parent and child, as part of a complex tapestry of emotion, identity, language, and parent–child relationship. Significance and Implications: Recommendations are made for children to be more actively involved in family language policy research, taking into account their emotional links to, and experiences with, various aspects of language use. In addition, a focus on emotions can assist in a better understanding of the links between language and identity, giving children and parents the space to reflect on and articulate their different points of view, shaping family language policy.
The prevalence of chronic diseases in international immigrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nisar Mehwish , Uddin Riaz , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy , Khan Asaduzzaman 
Published: November 2022

Aims: The purpose of this study is systematically to review and synthesise available prevalence data of major chronic diseases in international immigrants. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched to retrieve peer-reviewed original articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2020. Cross-sectional, cohort, or longitudinal studies that reported the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, any type of cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and type 2 diabetes among immigrant adults were included. We calculated pooled prevalence using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Of 13,363 articles retrieved, 24 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of diabetes was 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6–10.4) with a higher prevalence in North American countries 11.1% (95% CI 8.0–14.1) than in the other destination countries: 6.6% (95% CI 5.1–8.1) including Italy, Sweden, The Netherlands, Australia, and Israel. The pooled prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases was 7.7% (95% CI 5.7–9.6) and 6.5% (95% CI 2.3–10.7), respectively. Only two articles reported the prevalence of cancers (2.7% and 3.8%). We found high heterogeneity among all studies regardless of the disease. Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes was higher than other chronic diseases in international immigrants. There is a strong need to enhance health information systems to understand the magnitude of chronic diseases among different immigrant subgroups.
A priority queue-based telemonitoring system for automatic diagnosis of heart diseases in integrated fog computing environments
Authors: Golkar Ali , Malekhosseini Razieh , RahimiZadeh Keyvan , Yazdani Azita , Beheshti Amin 
Published: November 2022

Various studies have shown the benefits of using distributed fog computing for healthcare systems. The new pattern of fog and edge computing reduces latency for data processing compared to cloud computing. Nevertheless, the proposed fog models still have many limitations in improving system performance and patients’ response time. This paper, proposes a new performance model by integrating fog computing, priority queues and certainty theory into the Edge computing devices and validating it by analyzing heart disease patients' conditions in clinical decision support systems (CDSS). In this model, a Certainty Factor (CF) value is assigned to each symptom of heart disease. When one or more symptoms show an abnormal value, the patient’s condition will be evaluated using CF values in the fog layer. In the fog layer, requests are categorized in different priority queues before arriving into the system. The results demonstrate that network usage, latency, and response time of patients’ requests are respectively improved by 25.55%, 42.92%, and 34.28% compared to the cloud model. Prioritizing patient requests with respect to CF values in the CDSS provides higher system Quality of Service (QoS) and patients’ response time.
Circulating DNA in patients undergoing loco-regional treatment of colorectal cancer metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Callesen Louise B. , Takacova Tana , Hamfjord Julian , Würschmidt Florian , Oldhafer Karl J. , Brüning Roland , Arnold Dirk , Spindler Karen-Lise G. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Loco-regional treatment strategies of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases are evolving, but biological markers that can benefit patients and assist physicians in clinical decisions are lacking. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the current knowledge on circulating DNA and its clinical utility in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing loco-regional treatment of CRC metastases. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted on March 22, 2022. We included studies on patients undergoing loco-regional treatment of CRC metastases reporting the predictive or prognostic value of circulating DNA in the blood. Hazard ratios (HR) were pooled in separate random-effects meta-analyses to investigate if pre- or post-ablation measurements of circulating DNA were associated with survival. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Results: Twenty-eight studies with 2868 patients were included, of which 16 studies were eligible for meta-analyses. As expected in this new research field, a majority of included studies ( n = 21/28) had a high risk of bias in at least one domain. Circulating DNA above the cutoff in a plasma sample taken before loco-regional treatment was associated with a short recurrence-free survival [pooled HR = 2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–5.7, n = 162] and overall survival (pooled HR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.1–20.6, n = 105). Circulating DNA above the cutoff in a plasma sample taken after loco-regional treatment was associated with a short recurrence-free survival (pooled HR = 4.5, 95% CI 3.4–6.1, n = 569) and overall survival (pooled HR = 7.5, 95% CI 2.0–27.3, n = 161). There was limited data on the association between dynamics in circulating DNA and outcome. Conclusions: Measurements of circulating DNA can be valuable when selecting and monitoring patients undergoing loco-regional treatment of CRC metastases. Studies designed to investigate the true clinical utility of circulating DNA in the context of various ablation modalities are warranted. The review has been registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022320032)
The short-term effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on intraocular pressure, cornea, iridocorneal angle, and anterior chamber
Authors: Gumus Gulsah , Berhuni Mustafa , Ozturkmen Cem 
Published: November 2022

Background: Transient increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), changes in anterior chamber parameters, and changes in aqueous humor dynamics may occur after intravitreal injections because of intravitreal volume changes. Objective: In this observational study, we investigated the early effects of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection on IOP, central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and iridocorneal angle (ICA). Method: The patients who had one single-dose IVB (2.5 mg/0.1 mL) injection were included in the study. The patients underwent IOP, CCT, CV, ACD, and ICA measurements before and 1 h and 1 day after the injection. Pre-injection and post-injection values were compared. Results: Forty-two eyes of 42 patients were included in the study, and the mean age of patients was 60.1 ± 7.4 years. The mean IOP measurements before and after injection at 1 h and day 1 were 15 ± 2.4, 17.4 ± 2.4, and 14.7 ± 2.3, respectively. The mean IOP, CCT, and CV values 1 h after injection were significantly higher than pre-injection values ( p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p = 0.02, respectively). Conversely, mean ACD and ICA values 1 h after injection were significantly lower than pre-injection values ( p = 0.01 for both). There were no statistically significant differences on the first day after injection for all parameters. Conclusion: IVB (2.5 mg/0.1 mL) injection causes transient increases in IOP and transient decreases in ACD and ICA at the first hour after injection. Related to elevation in IOP, CCT and CV may increase transiently. These changes return to baseline values on the first day after injection.
Comparative Evaluation of Freshly Prepared Versus Freeze-Dried Human Amniotic Membrane in Intraoral Soft Tissue Defects
Authors: Mathur Mrinalini , Aurora Jitender Kumar , Tandon Parul , Chauhan Himanshu , Mishra Priyatam 
Published: November 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy in treatment outcome while using freshly prepared human amniotic membrane against freeze dried human amniotic membrane in intraoral soft tissue defects. Method: This prospective study included 20 patients having postsurgical soft tissue defect requiring primary wound coverage with human amniotic membrane. Patients were divided randomly into 2 groups. In group A, freshly prepared human amniotic membrane was placed, while in group B, freeze-dried human amniotic membrane was placed. Patients were evaluated on the basis of following parameters: postoperative pain, swelling, rate of epithelialization, and interincisal distance over a period of 6 months. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the mean of the pain between both the groups except on the first postoperative day. No significant difference in terms of reduction in swelling and increase in interincisal distance postoperatively was found at any point while using either fresh or freeze-dried human amniotic membrane. Significant difference was found in the mean rate of epithelialization between the groups on the 7th and the 21st postoperative days. Conclusion: Thus, we conclude that freshly prepared human amniotic membrane in comparison to the freeze-dried human amniotic membrane accelerates epithelialization and healing when used in the repair of postsurgical oral mucosal defects.
Multidimensional Sleep and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: Examining Self-Report and Objective Dimensions of Sleep
Authors: Matricciani Lisa , Paquet Catherine , Dumuid Dorothea , Lushington Kurt , Olds Tim 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between objective and self-report measures of sleep and cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study examines data on Australian adults, collected as part of the Child Health CheckPoint study. Sleep was examined in terms of actigraphy-derived sleep duration, timing, efficiency and variability; and self-report trouble sleeping. Cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes were examined in terms of body mass index and biomarkers of inflammation and dyslipidemia. Generalized estimating equations, adjusted for geographic clustering, were used to determine the association between measures of sleep and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Complete case analysis was conducted for 1017 parents (87% mothers). Both objective and self-report measures of sleep were significantly but weakly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusion: Both objective and self-report measures of sleep are significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Self-report troubled sleep is associated with poorer cardiometabolic health, independent of actigraphy-derived sleep parameters.
Single-cell methods in myeloproliferative neoplasms: old questions, new technologies
Authors: O’Sullivan Jennifer Mary , Mead Adam J. , Psaila Bethan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of clonal stem cell–derived hematopoietic malignancies driven by aberrant Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) signaling. Although these are genetically simple diseases, MPNs are phenotypically heterogeneous, reflecting underlying intratumoral heterogeneity driven by the interplay of genetic and nongenetic factors. Their evolution is determined by factors that enable certain cellular subsets to outcompete others. Therefore, techniques that resolve cellular heterogeneity at the single-cell level are ideally placed to provide new insights into MPN biology. With these insights comes the potential to uncover new approaches to predict the clinical course and treat these cancers, ultimately improving outcomes for patients. MPNs present a particularly tractable model of cancer evolution, because most patients present in an early disease phase and only a small proportion progress to aggressive disease. Therefore, it is not surprising that many groundbreaking technological advances in single-cell omics have been pioneered by their application in MPNs. In this review article, we explore how single-cell approaches have provided transformative insights into MPN disease biology, which are broadly applicable across human cancers, and discuss how these studies might be swiftly translated into clinical pathways and may eventually underpin precision medicine.
C1Q labels a highly aggressive macrophage-like leukemia population indicating extramedullary infiltration and relapse
Authors: Yang Li-Xue , Zhang Cheng-Tao , Yang Meng-Ying , Zhang Xue-Hong , Liu Hong-Chen , Luo Chen-Hui , Jiang Yue , Wang Zhang-Man , Yang Zhong-Yin , Shi Zhao-Peng , Yang Yi-Ci , Wei Ruo-Qu , Zhou Li , Mi Jun , Zhou Ai-Wu , Yao Zhi-Rong , Xia Li , Yan Jin-Song , Lu Ying 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Extramedullary infiltration (EMI) is a concomitant manifestation that may indicate poor outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The underlying mechanism remains poorly understood and therapeutic options are limited. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing on bone marrow (BM) and EMI samples from a patient with AML presenting pervasive leukemia cutis. A complement C1Q+ macrophage-like leukemia subset, which was enriched within cutis and existed in BM before EMI manifestations, was identified and further verified in multiple patients with AML. Genomic and transcriptional profiling disclosed mutation and gene expression signatures of patients with EMI that expressed high levels of C1Q. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomic analysis revealed expression dynamics of C1Q from primary to relapse. Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated adverse prognosis significance of C1Q expression. Mechanistically, C1Q expression, which was modulated by transcription factor MAF BZIP transcription factor B, endowed leukemia cells with tissue infiltration ability, which could establish prominent cutaneous or gastrointestinal EMI nodules in patient-derived xenograft and cell line–derived xenograft models. Fibroblasts attracted migration of the C1Q+ leukemia cells through C1Q–globular C1Q receptor recognition and subsequent stimulation of transforming growth factor β1. This cell-to-cell communication also contributed to survival of C1Q+ leukemia cells under chemotherapy stress. Thus, C1Q served as a marker for AML with adverse prognosis, orchestrating cancer infiltration pathways through communicating with fibroblasts and represents a compelling therapeutic target for EMI.